title: Gulabrao Maharaj

texts: in the night. Initially his grand mother and others were frightened to see Gulabrao sitting in Yoga position with his respiration stopped completely. However, some elderly and wise men understood the conditions of Gulabrao and asked his relatives to refrain from disturbing him during samadhi. He very much liked the holy songs(Bhajans), holy verses (Slokas) and reading the occult books. He would ask his friends to read the books and would repeat the contents immediately as was heard by him.He had extraordinary memory. He knew all the Vedas and Shastras at the age of ten years. He was married to Mankarnika, daughter of Ganaji Bhuyar a farmer in nearby village in the year 1896. He started writing essays and poetry on the religious philosophy since 1897. i.e. from his age of sixteen. Since then he would visit the nearby cities, villages and towns and meet the people to discuss on the various topics of religion. This is incredible but true that in the year 1901 the great saint of 12th century Sant Dnyneshwar Maharaj met Gulabrao and accepted him as his disciple.<mask> Maharaj would call himself to be wife of Lord Krishna and a daughter of Sant Dnyneshwara. He married to lord Krishna in the year 1905. He used to put on the dress and the ornaments like woman. He would lay kumkum ( a red spot) on his forehead and put on managalsutra ( a golden chain with black beads) around his neck which are usually worn by the Hindu married women. In the year 1902 when he was 21, he wrote the commentary on the theories of Darwin and Spencer. He had written books on various subjects like dhyan, yoga and bhakti and written commentaries on ancient treatises. He wrote on the "Manas Ayurveda", i.e.psychological part in the Ayurveda. He had given valuable guidelines to those who want to attain the salvation and gain the eternal knowledge. It is beyond one's imagination that a blind man could write on the subjects like Yoga, Upanishads


title: Gulabrao Maharaj

type: original

texts: and Brahmasutras and many occult sciences which are difficult subjects to understand even by the highly educated and intelligent persons. When did he find time to study these sciences ? How did he receive old treatises and from whom ? Who explained him the secret meanings of the Sanskrit verses ? Many questions like these arise in the mind when one reads his biography and the books written by him.His style of writing is of his own and he has put forth his own views absolutely keeping the Vedic discipline. He has boldly revealed many secrets of the Hindu religious sciences which are not generally made public by the saints. Though he was from the Kunbi caste, most of his disciples were Brahmin Pundits. He was openly telling people that he had no right to study the Vedas according to old traditions, but he knew Vedas without studying them and since he knew the "Atmadnyan" (knowledge of self-realization) he was not bound by many old rules. He used to respect Vedas, Brahmins and the guidance received from great wealth of old Indian religious treatises. He was straight forward and would defeat many Pundits and Intelligent people in the debate on the Shastras (sciences). It is generally found in India that the great persons who really had lived only for the cause of welfare of mankind were truly recognized by the people after their death only.Samartha Satguru Pradnychakshu Madhuradwaitacharya Saint <mask> Maharaj is becoming more and more popular after his Samadhi on 20 September 1915. His many disciples attained the knowledge of self-realization and are known in the public as the great saints. His main disciple, <mask> Pandit (death 1964) who wrote many books was recognized as a great intellectual, and saint. His commentary on "Bhavartha Deepika" written by Dnyaneshwara Maharaj is published by Geeta Press, Gorakhpur. The great saints like <mask> Maharaj guide the people even after their death by volumes of

masks:
Gulabrao
Baba Maharaj
Gulabrao


title: Gulabrao Maharaj

texts:
 knowledge written by them. . Earlier life

<mask> Maharaj was none other than Swami Becharanand Maharaj in his earlier life/avatar (गुलाबराव महाराजांचे चरित्र) from Zinzuwada Gujrat
1765-1880 born in Sipur village 8 miles from Sidhapur (Matrugaya of today). He has done massive tap/dhyan for 12 years in a jungle near to Naleshwar temple by just having lemons as a food intake.Afterwards he has spent his further life at Rajasbai Mataji Temple Zinzuwada, Gujarat. How it was come to the notice has a detailed story, but will try to give a brief about it. Balavantrao Marathe originally based in Maharashtra was posted in Zhinzuwada from 1864-67 as a post master. He often used to visit Becharanand maharaj for seeking his blessings with his wife. Post retirement, he returned to his home in Amravati, Maharashtra and one day when he went to the famous Amba Devi temple there, touched the bells and chanted "Jai Jagdamb...", he heard some one referring him by his name "Who's there, Balvantrao Marathe?". Balavantrao looked amazed and went near to the person who has just called his name, he was none other than <mask> Maharaj. Maharaj said "Balavantrao, Looks like you've forgotten me" and letter told him "Some of the people from there (Zinzuwada) are also accompanied me today (In this life)!".After that day Balavantrao regularly used to visit at Gulabrao Maharaj place. Many times devotees insisted Balavantrao to reveal story about how he came to know about Maharaj but he tried to avoid it and letter on he has agreed and explained details about Becharanand Maharaj. Family tree

The Mohod family of Madhan near Amravati originally migrated from a place near the Gujarat and Rajasthan state border in the 11th century. At the time, the family was known by the surname 'Modh' which later changed to 'Mohod'. References

Further reading

20th-century Hindu religious leaders
1881 births
Blind people from India
Marathi Hindu saints
1915

masks:
Sant Gulabrao
Gulabrao


title: Fife Symington

texts: <mask> (; born August 12, 1945) is an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected 19th governor of Arizona from 1991 to 1997. He resigned from office in 1997 during his second term, following a conviction on charges of extortion and bank fraud – a conviction which was later overturned. Prior to entering politics, <mask> served in the United States Air Force and was stationed at Luke Air Force Base in Glendale, Arizona. A native of New York City, <mask> attended the Gilman School in Baltimore; he subsequently graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Dutch art history. <mask> comes from a political family: his father, J<mask>., served as Ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago; his cousin <mask> was a U.S. Senator from Missouri.After joining the Air Force in 1967 and achieving the rank of captain, <mask> was awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious service. He was honorably discharged in 1971. He remained in Arizona and became a real estate developer, founding his own company, the Symington Company, in 1976. <mask> was elected to the governorship in 1990 over Democratic Phoenix Mayor Terry Goddard, following a close campaign that resulted in a runoff election. During his first term, <mask> established charter schools in Arizona by signing sweeping education reform legislation, with the first charter schools opening in the state in 1995. The following year, during his second term, <mask> signed legislation to establish the Arizona Water Bank Authority as a separate agency, allowing excess water to be acquired from the Central Arizona Project and banked in Arizona for future necessity. His term in office also oversaw the first temporary closure of Grand Canyon National Park during the federal government shutdown in November 1995.In

masks:
John Fife Symington III
Symington
Symington
Symington
. Fife Symington Jr
Stuart Symington
Symington
Symington
Symington
Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 1997, <mask> was convicted on seven counts of bank fraud, and resigned from office, but the convictions were later overturned. Before the government could retry him, <mask> was pardoned in January 2001 by President Bill Clinton, whom he once saved from a rip tide off of Connecticut during his youth. After his term as governor, <mask> left public service and pursued a career as a chef, later co-founding the Arizona Culinary Institute with his business partners Jerry Moyes, Darren Leite and chef Robert E. Wilson. He has been speculated as a possible candidate for another term as Governor of Arizona, as well as considered running for the United States Senate, but has only endorsed candidates since leaving the Governor's office. <mask> is also known as a witness to the infamous Phoenix Lights, a mass UFO sighting which occurred in Phoenix, Arizona on March 13, 1997. Early life and career
<mask> was born in New York City, New York on August 12, 1945. Symington comes from a wealthy Maryland family; he is the great-grandson of steel magnate Henry Clay Frick.Symington was born to Martha Howard (née Frick), and J<mask> <mask> Jr. who served as United States Ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago from 1969 to 1971 under President Richard Nixon. He is also a cousin to <mask>, who was U.S. Senator from Missouri from 1953 to 1976. He attended Gilman School in Baltimore, and then went to Harvard University, graduating in 1968 with a degree in Dutch art history. During his time at Gilman, Symington met Thomas Caplan, who would later introduce him to Bill Clinton during college. At 19 years old, Symington rescued an intoxicated 19-year-old Clinton from nearly drowning in a rip tide during a trip to Hyannis Port, Massachusetts near the Kennedy compound. While studying at Harvard, Symington

masks:
Symington
Symington
Symington
Symington
Symington
. Fife
Symington
Stuart Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts: discovered the works of Nobel Prize winner Friedrich Hayek, an economist, social theorist and political philosopher who promoted limited government and free markets.Hayek's work would serve as an influence for <mask>'s political beliefs in regards to fiscal and taxation policy as Governor. <mask> was also a supporter of Barry Goldwater in the 1964 presidential election against Lyndon B. Johnson. Beginning in 1967, he served in the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War, and was stationed at Luke Air Force Base near Glendale, Arizona. In 1971, he was awarded the Bronze Star for meritorious service, before being honorably discharged. He remained in Arizona and became involved in real estate development, founding his own company, The Symington Company, in 1976. In 1983, he was appointed to Southwest Savings and Loan Association board of directors which was based in Salt Lake City, Utah. Beginning in 1983, one of Symington's projects as a real estate developer, with The Symington Company, was the construction of the Esplanade on 24th Street and Camelback Road, an up-scale office complex that had been built on a former Christmas tree lot.<mask> believed it to be the "best location in town for business," and as of 2007, still had his own office on the fourth floor of the building. The financing of the project would later play a part in an investigation in his involvement with Southwest Savings and Loan, which provided the funds with Symington on its board of directors. Symington has stated that the approval of the construction of the Esplanade was significant because nothing over four stories had ever been granted along Camelback Road. The Esplanade took two decades to finish construction, with construction beginning in 1983, and completing in 2003. Other development

masks: Symington Symington Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 projects launched by The Symington Company include the Scottsdale Seville, as well as the Mercado, a shopping complex near downtown Phoenix whose design was influenced by southwestern and Hispanic culture. The Mercado was a concept that originated from Phoenix City Hall, which granted the first ever federal Urban Development Action Grant in Phoenix for the complex, and also owned the land that the Mercado was built upon. The Mercado opened in 1989, but it began facing financial hardships only a few years after its opening.Additionally, in an attempt to finance the construction of the Mercado, <mask> repeatedly filed false financial statements, according to a jury in the case that later led to his resignation as Governor, to receive a $10 million loan for the project from a group of Arizona pension funds. It was also alleged that <mask> threatened to end the lease granted to Arizona State University, the largest tenant at the Mercado at the time, several times between July and October 1991, unless he was released from the $10 million loan. The Mercado loan officially went into default in 1992, with <mask> filing for bankruptcy protection from creditors in U.S. Bankruptcy Court. Governor of Arizona

1990 gubernatorial campaign

In April 1989, <mask> announced his bid for Governor of Arizona in the 1990 election, promising to run the state like a business. Beginning with the initial stages of his campaign, <mask> had placed his business expertise and his success as a real estate developer center stage, stating, "What Arizona needs right now is a business mind. The state needs a man who can provide experienced, professional fiscal management to pull it out of its economic crisis. I am that man."In the Republican primary held on September 11, 1990, <mask> was opposed by several

masks: Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts: high-profile career politicians, including former Governor Evan Mecham, who had been impeached in 1988 and was attempting to make a comeback. Former U.S. Congressman Sam Steiger, who had previously run for U.S. Senate as the Republican nominee in 1976 and for Governor as the Libertarian nominee in 1982 also ran against <mask>, but placed a distant fourth behind Mecham and State Senator Fred Koory. Despite being portrayed as a liberal by his primary opponents, <mask> received nearly 44% of the vote in the primary. In his election night speech, <mask> immediately began his general election campaign message by stating that his Democratic opponent, Terry Goddard, was "a professional politician, a tax-and-spend Dukakis liberal Democrat," and, in contrast, that he was a Barry Goldwater conservative, and "proud of it." At the time, Goldwater was seen as the ideological godfather of the modern Republican Party, and had endorsed <mask>'s campaign. <mask>'s father was also personal friends with Goldwater.In the general election, the Democratic Party nominee was Terry Goddard, who had served as the mayor of Phoenix until February of that year. Goddard is also the son of former Arizona Governor Samuel Pearson Goddard Jr. During the campaign, Goddard had attempted to cast doubt on <mask> in the minds of voters by stating that the former businessman could face indictment for his business activities. In response, <mask> charged that Goddard had violated the state's campaign finance law by "accepting a law-firm salary while campaigning, without spending the stipulated hours on legal work." One of <mask>'s campaign promises included a state budget cut of 6%, except for programs related to education and the poor. On election day in November 1990, the presence of several write-in candidates

masks: Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 resulted in <mask> and Goddard being virtually tied, with <mask> ahead by only 4,300 votes. Prior to the election, Arizona had adopted runoff voting in general elections if no candidate received 50% of the vote. This came after the controversial Evan Mecham had been elected governor in 1986 with only 40% of the vote.As a result, a runoff was scheduled for February 26, 1991. Both candidates spent a cumulative total of approximately $5 million in the primary, general and runoff campaigns. Shortly before the runoff occurred, while in Washington, D.C. for a fundraiser, <mask> was called before the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee by Democratic Senator Howard Metzenbaum, a move that was seen as politically motivated. During the hearing, U.S. Senator Bob Dole accused the Democrats of a political "sneak attack" on <mask>, a line which was later used in a Symington campaign commercial. The commercial also depicted Goddard behind bars, as the ad's narrator asks: "How can anyone trust Terry Goddard, when the fact is he's broken the law?" <mask> would go on to win the runoff with 52% of the vote.After the extended campaign, Arizona returned to plurality voting for all subsequent gubernatorial elections, making the 1990 gubernatorial election the only runoff election in Arizona's history. First term (1991–1995)

<mask> was sworn into office on March 6, 1991, becoming Arizona's fourth Governor in five years. <mask>'s first budget as Governor, which totaled more than $3.5 billion, was successfully passed through the state legislature, earning him "high marks" from political analysts at the time, due to its lack of tax increases, as well as for its halting of an incineration project. The project had caused controversy due to the amount of hazardous waste that was being created. <mask>


title: Fife Symington

texts: also established an extensive review of its human resources management, and created the State Long-Term improved Management Project (known as Project SLIM). The goal of the project was to reduce the size of the state government and decrease spending. Recommendations that were made as a result of the project included methods for improving the hiring process, improving training, providing alternative processes for employee appeals, reducing overall employment, and upgrading the classification, pay, and benefits system, among other suggestions.Symington's accounting firm had won the consulting contract for Project SLIM, which later led to an investigation, and resulted in a $3.3 million settlement due to inquiries into the bidding by other state and federal investigative agencies. Governor <mask>, and other former directors of Southwest Savings and Loan, were also the subject of an investigation over their involvement in the failure of the Phoenix-based thrift, with the case later being settled for $12 million. In November 1992, Symington ended a six-month standoff with the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation by signing a compact that allowed the tribe to operate 250 video gambling machines. Prior to this, the tribe was acting in defiance of federal agents who had seized their gambling machines the year before the agreement. The Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation settled for a quarter of the machines that had been seized, and also agreed to allow state supervision of the gambling operation. In return, the state conceded to allowing the operation of a 24-hour bingo hall and casino by the tribe. Former Arizona Attorney General Jack LaSota criticized the decision at the time, due to Arizona's state laws against gambling.<mask> later signed legislation in 1993 that reversed this decision,

masks: Symington Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 however, outlawing gambling and casinos, including for fundraising purposes for churches and charities. Also in November 1992, <mask> was a supporter of a ballot proposal that reinstated Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday in Arizona. The day had been removed as a federal holiday several years prior, under the administration of Governor Evan Mecham, who disagreed with its manner of implementation. <mask> boasted that Arizona had become "the only state in the union to put it to the people," and felt the vote in approval of the holiday made "a wonderful statement about Arizona." One of the major achievements enacted by <mask> as Governor came at the end of his first term. It included sweeping education reform legislation, which led to the establishment of charter schools in Arizona. The goal behind establishing charter schools was to improve student achievement and provide additional academic choices, with the first charters opening the following year in 1995.Symington later remarked that by creating charter schools "the public education institutions would be forced to compete and get better, it was never meant to hurt, it was meant to make them better." 1994 gubernatorial campaign

<mask> ran for reelection to a second term in 1994. In the Republican primary, <mask> was challenged by Barbara Barrett, wife of business executive Craig Barrett. In regard to his primary campaign message, <mask> stated "I vowed to get state spending under control, reduce taxes and do my best to promote economic development and restore strength to the economy. I think I am in a strong position because I accomplished my goals." Barrett had spent more than $1 million of her own money in the attempt to defeat <mask>, who she stated she did not dislike personally, but simply felt that she

masks: Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 could do a better job as Governor. On September 13, 1994, <mask> defeated Barrett in the primary by a margin of 68% to 32%.Political analysts stated that Barrett had failed to distinguish herself from the incumbent Governor, and ran a flawed campaign. In the general election, <mask> was challenged by Democratic nominee Eddie Basha, who was known in the state as a grocery store magnate as CEO and Chairman of Bashas'. Prior to the general election, Basha had led Symington in opinion polls by 15 to 20 points. However, the midterm elections of 1994 were a landslide for Republicans, which likely benefited <mask> as well, despite his vulnerability due to the controversies that had emerged during his first term in office. <mask> defeated Basha, winning 52% of the vote to Basha's 44%. Basha had refused to resort to negative campaigning until the final days of the campaign when it was likely too late, which political analysts pointed to as the reason for his loss. In addition, <mask> had highlighted Basha's statement during a debate hosted by the League of Women Voters that the public school system "can be the surrogate family to help children and parents," which led <mask> to declare that Basha believed the "state can take the place of the family."After defeating Basha, <mask>, in his election night victory speech, pledged to try to further reduce state income taxes during the course of his second term, as well as continue to eliminate regulatory burden on businesses, and also to "get tough on crime." <mask> also declared his upset victory a "miracle" and a "revolution," saying the people "want their country back and they want their taxes lowered. Barry Goldwater and Ronald Reagan started all this and God bless them." Second term, conviction, and resignation (1995–1997)
Shortly


title: Fife Symington

texts: into his second term in office as Governor, <mask> filed for personal bankruptcy, claiming debts of more than $24 million, caused by the collapse of his real estate investments. According to a report in The New York Times, <mask> stated that his "hand was forced by a consortium of union pension funds that refused to negotiate a settlement of an $11 million debt." To finance the construction of a shopping center and office complex in downtown Phoenix, known as the Mercado, Symington had been lent $10 million from six union pension funds. They foreclosed in 1991 when the Mercado's disappointing revenue prevented Symington from being able to make payments towards the loan.This led to the court awarding the union pension funds an estimated $11.4 million settlement, which <mask> stated was "beyond his ability to pay." In November 1995, Grand Canyon National Park was closed for the first time in its history, due to the federal government shutdown. On November 17, Symington's response came very close to creating a national crisis. Citing the dire effects of the park's closure on tourism, <mask> stated that the "Grand Canyon must remain open, by force, if necessary." The Pentagon warned the head of the Arizona National Guard against the use of force and raised the possibility that, if necessary, the guard would be federalized and brought under the control of the White House. The governor decided to go ahead and, accompanied by the Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich, fifty unarmed National Guard troops, twenty-five state Park Department employees, and other officials, traveled to the canyon. When <mask>'s group arrived, Symington beat on the park gates in front of the media and demanded that the park be reopened.Robert Arnberger, the park's superintendent delivered a letter to

masks: Symington Symington Symington Symington Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts: <mask> from the United States Department of Interior which stated that the state of Arizona may be able to donate money to the department to reopen the Grand Canyon, which Symington called a "political game." The Department of Interior later reopened the park under state supervision. A federal agency reimbursed Arizona the $370,020 the state donated to keep the Grand Canyon National Park open during the shutdown. The government shut down again in mid-December of that year, but the state and the federal government were able to come to an agreement to keep the park partially open, with the state of Arizona paying $17,625 in advance of each day's operation, which was also later reimbursed by the federal government. In 1996, Symington signed legislation establishing the Arizona Water Bank Authority as a separate agency. The agency acquires excess water from the Central Arizona Project and banks it in Arizona. In a news report published by The Arizona Republic in July 2016, historian Jack August wrote that the legislation "left Arizona in a better position to deal with the current drought than neighboring California," which was experiencing challenges with drought and water management at the time of the article's publication.Later that same year, in June 1996, <mask> was indicted on 21 federal counts of extortion, making false financial statements, and bank fraud. He was convicted for seven counts of bank fraud on September 4, 1997. He was charged with defrauding his lenders as a commercial real estate developer, extorting a pension fund and perjuring himself in a bankruptcy hearing. As Arizona state law does not allow convicted felons to hold office, <mask> resigned his office the next day to be replaced as governor by then-Secretary of State Jane Dee Hull. Prior to his


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 resignation, there had been a high-profile recall effort led by former Arizona Secretary of State Richard D. Mahoney. This conviction, however, was overturned in 1999 by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. Six days into jury deliberations, the trial judge had granted the government's motion to dismiss a juror because the other jurors complained she was refusing to deliberate with them, a serious breach of the juror's oath.A three-judge panel of the appeals court ruled 2–1 that there was a "reasonable possibility" that the juror had actually been removed because she was leaning toward acquittal, and the rest of the jury was frustrated at the prospect of a hung jury (in federal cases, verdicts must be unanimous). The appeals court held that the juror's dismissal violated <mask>'s right to a fair trial, since he was entitled to that juror's vote. Before the government could retry him, <mask> was pardoned in January 2001 by President Bill Clinton, terminating the federal government's seven-year battle with the former governor. Post-governorship

Arizona Culinary Institute

While free on appeal, and before receiving a presidential pardon, <mask> had attempted to reinvent himself as a private citizen and decided to enroll himself in culinary school. <mask> stated of his experience that "It was very educational and very humbling." During his enrollment at the school, <mask> had packed a bag of his belongings in case he had to report to Nellis Federal Prison in Las Vegas, Nevada, on 24 hours notice, but this was made moot following his pardon from President Clinton. After graduating from the Le Cordon Bleu College of Culinary Arts Scottsdale, <mask> helped to found the Arizona Culinary Institute.The school was co-founded with several other business partners including chef Robert


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 E. Wilson, entrepreneur Jerry Moyes and former President of the Scottsdale Culinary Institute Darren Leite. The vision of the school was to create a small class environment with hands on training, with a specific focus on the traditional French methods of cooking. The school was opened and started its first classes in early 2002 in Scottsdale. In addition to his time as a student at culinary school, <mask> returned to the Esplanade, a real estate development project that he started in 1983 and eventually lost in the investigation of his business practices, and began working as a dessert and pastry chef at an Italian restaurant at the facility. <mask> opened the restaurant, called Franco's Italian Caffe, in February 2003 with a business partner, restaurateur Franco Fazzuoli. <mask> had previously interned at a restaurant that Fazzuoli owned while attending culinary school. During an interview with The Washington Post, <mask> disclosed that he would rather be a chef than be "making money," and that it was a "great experience."<mask>'s specialties included tiramisu, as well as a chocolate mousse recipe he created called "The Governor (high taste, low taxes)." Then-Governor Janet Napolitano had supposedly visited Franco's Italian Caffe and finished her meal with "The Governor" dessert on multiple occasions, which was reported by the Tucson Citizen to be the best-selling dessert at the restaurant. The recipe for "The Governor" included "a layer of dense, flourless chocolate cake made with Callebaut dark chocolate from Belgium," and "topped with chocolate mousse, then with another Callebaut chocolate cake with another layer of mousse." Finally, the entire dessert is "drizzled with a chocolate ganache." Phoenix Lights

In 2007, <mask> revealed he was a witness to the Phoenix


title: Fife Symington

texts: Lights, the mass UFO sighting that took place on March 13, 1997, when he was governor of Arizona, a decade before this admission. In an interview with The Daily Courier, <mask> stated, "I'm a pilot and I know just about every machine that flies. It was bigger than anything that I've ever seen.It remains a great mystery. Other people saw it, responsible people. I don't know why people would ridicule it." He continued, "It was enormous and inexplicable. Who knows where it came from? A lot of people saw it, and I saw it too. It was dramatic.And it couldn't have been flares because it was too symmetrical. It had a geometric outline, a constant shape." As Governor during the Phoenix Lights, <mask> stated he would investigate the event, but went on to hold a press conference where he had his chief of staff dress up in an alien costume. He later stated that as a public official he had felt a responsibility to avert public panic and therefore made an attempt to introduce some levity into the situation. On November 9, 2007, he appeared with a panel of guests discussing their UFO experiences on Larry King Live. A few days later, on November 12, <mask> acted as moderator for a UFO press conference at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C. Other speakers included U.S. and foreign military witnesses and public officials involved in some major UFO cases, such as the 1980 Rendlesham Forest incident, 1990 Belgium UFO incident, and 1976 Tehran UFO incident, and heads of some official foreign government UFO investigations, such as Nick Pope in the United Kingdom and Claude Poher of France. They said the phenomenon was quite real, should be taken seriously, and urged the U.S. government to reopen its public UFO investigations.<mask> also appeared as a witness of the Phoenix Lights in an

masks: Symington Symington Symington Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 updated version of the 2002 UFO documentary Out of the Blue by filmmaker James Fox. Prior to the documentary, Fox helped organize the witness panels for both Larry King Live, and the subsequent National Press Club event. In 2017, <mask> also wrote an editorial piece for CNN, where he further described his experience in witnessing the Phoenix Lights, saying that he observed a delta-shaped craft, which moved silently across the sky over Piestewa Peak (formerly known as Squaw Peak). He further described it as "dramatically large" with a "very distinctive leading edge with some enormous lights." He also expressed his dissatisfaction with the Air Force's explanation of the event as test flares, while acknowledging that there was a possibility of flares also being ignited that night, but that the Phoenix Lights were completely separate from those tests. He went on to voice his support for opening up further investigations, saying "Investigations need to be re-opened, documents need to be unsealed and the idea of an open dialogue can no longer be shunned," and calling for the government to cease "putting out stories that perpetuate the myth that all UFOs can be explained away in down-to-earth conventional terms." Potential return to politics and endorsements
On February 4, 2005, in an interview with The Arizona Republic, <mask> expressed interest in running again for governor in 2006 against Democrat Janet Napolitano.His interest in the race came after he attended Napolitano's State of the State Address in 2005, and was galvanized in opposition to Napolitano's education platform. However, three months later, on May 5, he withdrew his name from consideration, saying that he wanted to focus his energy on The Symington Group instead. In November 2006, <mask> lost a bid to become the


title: Fife Symington

texts: Republican Party Chairman of his local legislative district, the district also happened to be the home district of Senator John McCain, whose support <mask> had received. This was the first electoral defeat of <mask>'s career. In April 2007, <mask> was named chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Santa Barbara Botanic Garden. Following Janet Napolitano's resignation as Governor of Arizona in 2009, due to her appointment as Secretary of Homeland Security, <mask> was once more considered as a potential candidate to run in the 2010 gubernatorial election, but he again refused to run, announcing the decision in October 2009 following disappointing hypothetical poll numbers. <mask> instead endorsed former Arizona Republican Party chairman John Munger, against incumbent Governor Jan Brewer, but Munger eventually dropped out of the race when he was unable to compete with his fellow candidates' sizable fundraising and public funding of their campaigns.Despite <mask>'s refusal to run again for public office, he has remained involved in state politics, endorsing candidates from both major parties, including Doug Ducey for Governor, John McCain for U.S. Senate, and Democrats Ruben Gallego for U.S. Congress and Felecia Rotellini for Arizona Attorney General, among others. Following the announcement by U.S. Senator Jeff Flake that he would not be seeking reelection to a second term, in October 2017, <mask> became the Treasurer of Board of Regents member Jay Heiler's U.S. Senate exploratory committee, alongside former Governor Jan Brewer as chairman. Heiler was <mask>'s Chief of Staff during his two terms as Governor. In January 2018, Heiler ultimately decided against running for U.S. Senate, instead supporting U.S. Congresswoman Martha McSally. In October 2018, it was reported by The


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 Arizona Capitol Times that <mask> was contemplating a run for the U.S. Senate in the 2020 special election. The seat was vacated following the death of U.S.Senator John McCain, with former U.S. Senator Jon Kyl being appointed by Governor Doug Ducey to temporarily fill the seat. Upon appointment, Kyl stated that he would only serve in the Senate until the end of 2018 and in 2018 Governor Ducey appointed former Representative Martha McSally to the Senate seat. <mask> stated that he would enjoy running against the potential Democratic candidate former Attorney General of Arizona, Grant Woods, saying "I can't think of a better candidate to campaign against. We would have a lot of fun dishing it out," while also questioning Woods' party affiliation. <mask> also refuted the idea of the legal issues that led to his resignation as Governor having an effect on his candidacy, adding "Elections are about your ideas for the future, where you want to see the country go. It's not settled on old issues, especially as distant as those."In September 2021, <mask> became co-chair of Karrin Taylor Robson's campaign for Governor, alongside Jan Brewer. Later life and legacy
In an op-ed published by The Arizona Republic in 2012, <mask> took time to reflect on his time as Governor of Arizona, and spoke positively about his experiences, despite the federal government's prosecution that led to his resignation. <mask> wrote, "Even as we were charging ahead to reform public policy in the brief time given any governor, I was visited by a ruthless pursuit from the world's most inexhaustible adversary. Let it be recorded that few have fought the federal government and prevailed, but by grace and the love of family and friends, we did." In analyzing his performance as Governor, <mask> also stated in the


title: Fife Symington

texts: retrospective, "Arizona's government operated comparatively well, without excess partisan rancor and without so many of the Republican peacocks and Democrat bantam roosters we see running around the political barnyard today." He also wrote that he believed Arizona would be "better off" had he been able to further reduce income taxes during his term, if not eliminate them, and also praised Arizona as the home of charter schools, an initiative which began under his tenure. In July 2016, a discovery was made by Arizona historian Jack August when he located a large collection of missing documents regarding <mask>'s governorship.There were 305 boxes total, which was estimated to take at least 500-man-hours to process, and consisted of policy papers, records from his federal trial, photos from White House visits, and a humorous photo of <mask> in a Phoenix Suns gorilla costume. The records were located at a storage facility approximately four miles from the state Capitol building, and was described by The Arizona Republic as the "equivalent of finding the Lost Dutchman's gold." Prior to their unearthing, <mask> had stated that he had no idea where the records were located, despite ordering his staff to box up the records for a swift transition in the event he was sentenced to prison. State law requires that public officials provide their records for public access, but enforcement of this law has been inconsistent and rarely imposed. On February 9, 2017, an exhibit titled "The Surreal Life of <mask> Symington" was opened at the Arizona Capitol Museum, with "personal mementoes and a trove of family history items" that were discovered by <mask>, in a trunk belonging to his mother, serving as the centerpiece for the display. Political campaign materials, Symington's Bronze Star from

masks: Symington Symington Symington Fife Symington


title: Fife Symington

texts:
 his service in the military, a cast bronze relief of Symington's grandfather Henry Clay Frick, and yearbooks were also included. Secretary of State Michele Reagan officiated the opening ceremony.Jack August was one of the organizers of the exhibit, but died only a few weeks before its opening. Personal life
From his first wife <mask> has two kids and five grandchildren. He currently is married to Ann Olin Pritzlaff, an ordained deacon in the Episcopal Church. They have three children and six grandchildren. Electoral history

See also
 List of governors of Arizona
 List of people pardoned or granted clemency by the president of the United States

References

Further reading

External links

 Arizona Republic special report on <mask>ington
 Arizona Republic biography of <mask> Symington

 Pro-Symington website; tracks positive news coverage
 Summary of the government's investigation
 Arizona Culinary institute

|-

1945 births
Alumni of Le Cordon Bleu
American Episcopalians
Arizona Republicans
Businesspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Gilman School alumni
Governors of Arizona
Harvard University alumni
Living people
Military personnel from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Politicians from Phoenix, Arizona
Recipients of American presidential pardons
Republican Party state governors of the United States
Ufology
United States Air Force

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Symington
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Fife


title: Doctor Steel

texts:
Rion Vernon, known by his stage name <mask> (full name, <mask>) is an American musician and internet personality from Los Angeles. He performed on rare occasions with a "backup band", claiming that a fictitious robot band had malfunctioned. Shows incorporated puppetry, multimedia and performances by female members ("Nurses" and "Scouts") of his street team, The Army of Toy Soldiers. <mask> made a brief appearance on The Tonight Show and has had numerous interviews. He was the subject of an article in Wired magazine regarding allegations that Dr. Horrible had copied his style. <mask> has frequently been cited as an example of steampunk music. Dr. <mask> and a friend of his named Manchester also in recent years has created a YouTube Channel named "Manchester and Vernon", they seem to still be active in present time, making new videos, and more music with unique instruments too.Musical career
<mask> began publicly performing in 1999, essentially busking on the streets of Los Angeles. A few years later, he began performing at venues like The Key Club and the California Institute of Abnormalarts. His live shows combined music with puppetry and video projection that reflect the stories and meanings of the songs. The albums Dr. <mask> and Dr. Steel II: Eclectic Boogaloo were released digitally in 2001, followed by People of Earth in 2002. The Dr. Steel Collection (2004) was <mask>'s first CD release, featuring several previously released tracks, some slightly altered. The Dr. Steel Collection also features the track "Land of the Lost," about the 1970s version of the show by the same name. Some attempts were made to get the song into the soundtrack of 2009 movie version of Land of the Lost, but they were unsuccessful.<mask>'s second CD release was The Dr. Steel Read-A-Long Album (2006). It was a limited distribution and quickly sold out. The album art included a recreation of the sleeve of read-along records, and the disc design resembled that

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Doctor Phineas Waldolf Steel
Steel
Steel
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title: Doctor Steel

texts:
 of a vinyl record. In 2007, <mask> re-released the first three albums, once again in digital format. <mask>'s music can often be heard on a number of steampunk radio broadcasts that stream worldwide, such as The Clockwork Cabaret. His song "Boogieman Boogie" was also included in a compilation of steampunk music released by Gilded Age Records. Musical style
<mask>'s music is eclectic in genre, often combining the noise and distortion of industrial with aspects of European folk, classical, and even jazz, as well as hip-hop, opera and swing.Many songs feature samples from vintage public service announcements and educational films, such as Duck and Cover. Rue Morgue Magazine described the sound as "Industrial Hip-Hop Opera". <mask> cited, as some of his musical influences, Igor Stravinsky, Tom Waits, Pink Floyd, Queen, Mike Patton, Nine Inch Nails, Danny Elfman, Beck, and John Zorn. Stage persona
On stage, and in all public performances and interviews, <mask> maintained the appearance of a mad scientist bent on conquering the world and becoming the future World Emperor. He claimed to be a former toymaker who, in a fit of rage over being fired for creating drastic designs such as babies with buzzsaws for hands, burned down the factory he worked at and was committed to a psychiatric institution. This back-story relates that <mask> escaped the sanitarium and retreated to a deserted island laboratory, where he became bent on world conquest in order to create a "Utopian Playland" where his toy designs could be enjoyed. As a mad scientist, <mask> is obsessed with conspiracy theories, giant robots, baking cupcakes and "mind control cookies", and experimenting with hamsters.In appearance, <mask> drew on the mad scientist archetype, dressing in a white PVC lab coat (with comically large black buttons), black PVC gloves, black boots, shaved head, sinister goatee, and antique welder's goggles. When not in his "mad scientist" costume, <mask> typically

masks: Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel


title: Doctor Steel

texts:
 dressed in a very aristocratic neo-Victorian steampunk style, while still retaining his goggles. He was never seen without the goggles. Retirement
In 2010, Dr. <mask> announced plans to begin work on a new album, entitled "Toymonger." However, in July 2011, after a long period of silence from him, it was announced that <mask> had retired from the music industry, and a personal letter from <mask> to the current head of the Army of Toy Soldiers in January 2012 confirmed this. (However, there was no other "official" or public announcement.) The Army of Toy Soldiers have decided to continue on as an organization, switching their focus from promoting the entertainer to promoting the philosophy he presented, such as the importance of creativity and building one's own Utopian Playland.Promotional videos and web videos
<mask> appeared in numerous short videos released on his website and on his YouTube channel. One such is a six-minute "propaganda" film called Building a Utopian Playland, which ostensibly outlined his plans for world domination. Another is a series called The Dr<mask> Show, set in his fictitious lab on his fictitious private island. Episode 3, which is the official music video for his song, "Back and Forth", and featured video clips sent in by Toy Soldiers, was showcased on MTV's website as a part of their online video series, Steampunk Infiltrates The Mainstream. <mask> also appeared in a video with fellow internet personality Agamemnon Tiberius Vacuum. <mask> also released what he called "public service announcements" covering philosophical subjects such as transhumanism, freedom of thought, and subjective reality. (As a transhumanist, Dr. <mask> has also been interviewed on his views by the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, and has even published a paper on the subject.)Finally, the Toy Soldiers Unite website features a series of videos called Ask Dr. <mask>, in which <mask> himself answered questions asked by

masks:
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Doctor Steel
Steel
Doctor Steel
. Steel
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title: Doctor Steel

texts:
 Toy Soldiers. In May 2010, <mask>'s videos were featured in one of Veronique Chevalier's Red Velvet Variety Shows. In May 2010, Dr. <mask> released a music video to his song, "Childhood Don't a-Go-Go", directed by Tony Leonardi III. Dr. Horrible controversy

In 2008, Joss Whedon released a short musical film online entitled Dr. Horrible's Sing-Along Blog. Fans of <mask>, and <mask> himself, noted the similarities between Dr. <mask> and Dr. Horrible:

both featured singing mad scientists who produced web videos;
both had an "Ask Dr. ___" segment;
the name of the production was similar to the title of one of <mask>'s albums, Dr. <mask> Read-A-Long. This attracted the attention of national media and was reported in Coilhouse and also Wired magazine, in which Dr. Horrible co-writer Maurissa Tancharoen responded, "All we have to say on the subject is we've never heard of Dr. <mask> before." "There's room for everyone in this party," she added.Discography
 Dr. <mask> (2001)
 Dr. Steel II: Eclectic Boogaloo (2001)
 People of Earth (2002)
 The Dr. Steel Collection (2004)
 Dr. Steel Read-A-Long (2006)

Army of Toy Soldiers

The Army of Toy Soldiers (formerly Dr. Steel's Army of Toy Soldiers; also known as Toy Soldiers Unite after the name of their website) was originally Dr. <mask>'s fan club and street team, and played into the Dr. <mask> fiction, in that it was allegedly a tool in his plan for global domination. The Army considers itself a movement for social change, and since <mask>'s retirement it has begun to distance itself from <mask>, but continue as an organization dedicated to promoting fun and its members' creative endeavors. The website for the organization, referred to playfully as the "digital bunker", was created by the then head of Dr. Steel's fan club, steampunk model and fashion designer Kate Lambert, aka "Sergeant Kato", in 2006. After <mask>'s retirement, Kato turned over the site to its current administrators, and most

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Steel
Steel
Steel
Steel
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Steel
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title: Doctor Steel

texts:
 information regarding <mask> was moved to an archive site. Structure
The Toy Soldier Army has four main regiments: Toy Soldiers, Nurses, Toy Scouts and Engineers. (Originally, the Nurse and Scout regiments were reserved for females within the Army, whereas people of any gender could belong to the Toy Soldier regiment, but after Dr. <mask>'s retirement this was changed, and Nurses and Scouts became open to anyone.) The Army is further divided into divisions based upon geographical location as well as divisions based on creative interests ("Special Ops").The Army is currently led by the admin of the website. There are no ranks – all Toy Soldiers are considered equal – although Toy Soldiers often give themselves fanciful "ranks" as part of the fun. However, Toy Soldiers who go "above and beyond" may be awarded the honorary title of "Yellow Jacket". Originally this title was given personally by <mask>, but since Dr. <mask>'s retirement this award has been given out by the admins of the official website. To date, only 51 have achieved the status of Yellow Jacket. Uniforms
Toy Soldiers wear paramilitary "uniforms" with patches and color schemes, but are encouraged to design their own uniform so long as the required patches and colors are used. The basic color scheme for soldiers is black with yellow trim, although red trim may also be used sparingly.Female nurses generally wear white nurse uniforms with red trim, although a brown military uniform with garrison cap is also worn (see inset image). Scouts generally wear beige tops and black skirts or slacks. Engineers generally wear black overalls or coveralls, or black or white lab coats. The original "traditional" uniforms designed by Kato were dieselpunk inspired. A new set of uniform concepts released on the Army's website in 2013, designed by Sgt. Grinner, have a decidedly more cyberpunk appearance. Operations
Toy Soldiers continue to promote Dr. <mask>'s philosophy, individually through

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Steel
Steel
Doctor Steel
Steel
Steel


title: Doctor Steel

texts:
 "missions", while larger group events are known as "operations" or "invasions".Some Soldiers use their connections and access to the media for promotion, while others may choose to "propagandize" their school or workplace. Toy Soldiers frequently do charity and volunteer work in uniform, such as starting local clothing or toy drives and even donating to drives such as Toys for Tots, Light the Night Walk and Adopt a Highway. The Toy Soldiers have their own holiday, "Toy Soldier Day," which is observed every year on March 4 (a play on "march forth"), and simultaneous invasions of Disney theme parks worldwide take place on the nearest Saturday to this day. (Without directly naming TSU, Disney•Pixar referenced the TSU-created holiday on March 4, 2015 in a tweet on their official Twitter page.) Promotional material ("Propaganda")
Promotional material for the Toy Soldiers is referred to as "propaganda". The decision to use a term with such charged connotations was a deliberate satirical allusion to famous groups in the past who had plans for world domination, in order to spotlight or "hang a lampshade" on the tricks of mass manipulation. Some of the material was designed and created by <mask> himself (such as the "propaganda posters", designed to resemble WWII propaganda posters), but <mask> encouraged his fans to design their own propaganda as well.Motto and Philosophy
The Army's motto, "Building a Utopian Playland", comes from the title of Dr. <mask>'s "Propaganda Video" of the same name, and expresses the group's core philosophy. Originally, it related to <mask>'s alleged plans to "take over the world", but also meant a metaphorical altering of one's own worldview through making having fun one's first priority and realizing one's creative potential, and the belief that if everyone did this, the world could be transformed. <mask> called this concept a "world makeover". Current activities
Since the announcement of Dr. <mask>'s retirement,

masks: Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel Steel


title: Doctor Steel

texts:
 the Army of Toy Soldiers have continued on as an organization dedicated to spreading the philosophy Dr. <mask> presented. The Dr. <mask> "angry face" logo (and uniform patch) has been dropped, having been replaced with <mask>'s grinning robot head logo. As an artistic network, the Army strongly encourages and supports independent artists and entertainers. The Army also continues to "invade" comic and steampunk conventions; they have had a regular fan tables at San Diego Comic Con and MCM Expo in London for several years now.Since 2010, the Toy Soldiers have participated yearly in the Doo Dah Parade in Pasadena, CA and have become "veteran crowd favorites." (In 2016, Route 66 Magazine ran a story on the Doo Dah parade, featuring a member of the Toy Soldiers on the front cover.) And in 2012, several members of the UK division were invited to participate in the filming of Professor Elemental's music video, "I'm British." The Army also has several semi-regular podcasts, which are released under the umbrella of the Toy Soldiers' YouTube channel, "TSU-TV", and its own recording label, "TSU Audio Labs". In keeping with its nonprofit status in the UK, in 2013 the Army donated its surplus budget over operating expenses to the children's charity Child's Play. In 2014, the Army teamed with MPserv.net to run a 48-hour livestreamed Minecraft marathon called "Operation: Dig Deep", raising over $1000 for Child's Play. In 2015 they repeated their gaming marathon, raising over $1500 for the Alzheimer's Society, and in 2016 the marathon raised over $2000 for e-NABLE, a grassroots community that creates 3-D printed prosthetics for children.See also
 List of steampunk works: Steampunk musicians
 List of YouTube personalities

References

External links

 <mask>'s MySpace

American hip hop musicians
American industrial musicians
Songwriters from California
Bands with fictional stage personas
Gothic rock musicians
Living people
Year of birth missing

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Steel
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Doctor Steel


title: Elizabeth Vargas

texts:
<mask> (born September 6, 1962) is an American television journalist who is the lead investigative reporter/documentary anchor for A&E Networks, and the current host for Fox's revival of America's Most Wanted. She began her new position on May 28, 2018, after being an anchor of ABC's television newsmagazine 20/20 and ABC News specials for the previous 14 years. In 2006 <mask> was co-anchor of World News Tonight alongside ABC News journalist Bob Woodruff. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Paterson, New Jersey, the daughter of an Italian-Spanish father, Rafael "Ralf" <mask>, a colonel in the U.S. Army from Puerto Rico, and an Irish-American mother, <mask>, a part-time English teacher. She has two siblings, Amy and Christopher, who both work in tech in Silicon Valley. Her father was a U.S. army captain and moved the family to Okinawa when she was four years old. <mask> then spent much of her youth moving from post to post in Germany, Belgium, and the United States.<mask> graduated from an American high school in Heidelberg, where she realized her passion for journalism. <mask> enrolled at the University of Missouri in Columbia in 1980 and graduated with a bachelor's degree in journalism in 1984, having served as a student reporter at KOMU-TV and a student editor at KBIA. Former advisors spoke well of her competency in her journalism work on campus; Rod Gelatt, former KOMU news director, noted that she was the first student to ever fill-in for him as moderator of the station's "Missouri Forum" public affairs program and Kent Collins, chairman of the university's journalism faculty, remembered her aggressive and energetic work ethic. Career

1984–1993: Career beginnings
After college, <mask> worked at Reno's CBS affiliate KTVN, before moving to Phoenix as a lead reporter for then-ABC affiliate KTVK-TV. After three years there, she moved to Chicago to work at CBS station WBBM-TV, where Phyllis McGrady, a senior vice president at ABC, said of her: "<mask> is one of the most

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Elizabeth Anne Vargas
Vargas
Elizabeth Anne Vargas
Vargas
Anne Vargas
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Vargas
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Vargas
Elizabeth


title: Elizabeth Vargas

texts:
 flexible talents I've ever worked with. She could do interviews, and do hour-long specials that make you think, and then she'll do a great interview with P. Diddy. She is versatile."<mask> left WBBM-TV in 1993. 1993–1996: NBC News
In 1993, <mask> joined NBC News as a correspondent for Now with Tom Brokaw and Katie Couric. She later became a correspondent mainly for Dateline NBC, and also served as a substitute anchor for Today and the weekend editions of NBC Nightly News. 1996–2018: ABC News
In June 1996, she joined ABC News' Good Morning America as the newsreader and Joan Lunden's likely "heir apparent". In June 1997, ABC promoted <mask> to prime time magazine show correspondent, succeeded by Kevin Newman as newsreader. In 2002, she became one of the anchors of 20/20 Downtown, which was later rebranded Downtown before being rebranded again in 2003 as Primetime Monday before its end. She later reported occasionally for Primetime.She was also named anchor of World News Tonight Saturday and presented with the opportunity to develop specials for Primetime. In November 2003, <mask> became anchor of World News Tonight Sunday. She was named co-anchor of 20/20 in May 2004. <mask> was the first national evening news anchor of Puerto Rican and Irish-American heritage and also the third female anchor of a network evening newscast in the U.S. since Connie Chung and Barbara Walters. She is said to be particularly proud of an ABC special report in which she questioned why the Laci Peterson case merited more attention than two other similar cases, one involving a black woman and the other involving a Hispanic woman. Another story she did, based on the book The Da Vinci Code and the role of Mary Magdalene, helped fuel a nationwide religious debate. <mask> stated that for centuries Mary Magdalene has been portrayed as a prostitute by the church despite evidence to the contrary.She went on to question the strictly limited role of women within the church. In 1999, she won an Emmy Award for her

masks: Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas


title: Elizabeth Vargas

texts: coverage of the Elián González story, and in 1998 she was nominated for an Emmy Award for her 20/20 investigation into the wrongful conviction of Betty Tyson. In April 2005, <mask> and Charles Gibson temporarily filled in for Peter Jennings, who was receiving chemotherapy for his lung cancer, on World News Tonight until Jennings's death in August. After a period of mourning and indecision, she and Bob Woodruff were chosen as co-anchors on December 5, 2005. She anchored many broadcasts alone after Bob Woodruff's injury in Iraq in January 2006. She also co-anchored World News Tonight with either Charles Gibson or Diane Sawyer. On May 23, 2006, <mask> announced her resignation from World News Tonight.Gibson was then named sole anchor of the show, effective from May 29, 2006, replacing <mask> and Woodruff. To explain the sudden change, <mask> cited her doctors' recommendation to cut back her schedule considerably owing to a difficult pregnancy and her wish to spend more time with her new baby when he arrived. Most "inside accounts", however, said she fully expected and wished to return to the anchor chair soon after giving birth, but Gibson threatened to quit ABC News if he was not made sole permanent anchor. According to these sources, his gambit succeeded and she was left embittered, although not enough to sever ties with the network. In late 2006, <mask> returned as co-anchor of 20/20 and primary host of ABC News specials. In 2008, <mask> hosted  "Elvis: Viva Las Vegas," a television documentary that explored Elvis' triumph in Las Vegas and his artistic legacy, and featured performances and interviews with various stars, including Paul McCartney, Beyoncé, Dwayne Johnson, Faith Hill, David Lynch, Jon Bon Jovi, Celine Dion, and Priscilla Presley. In 2013, <mask> won a Peabody Award for her contributions in ABC News' coverage of Hurricane Sandy on 20/20.In a special edition of 20/20 that aired on September 9, 2016, <mask> opened up about her struggles with anxiety and alcoholism and

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title: Elizabeth Vargas

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 further talked about her upcoming book Between Breaths: A Memoir of Panic and Addiction, which discusses those struggles. In October 2016, she appeared in an episode of ABC's Designated Survivor. On December 22, 2017, <mask> announced she was leaving ABC News in May 2018. She officially departed ABC on May 25 after a dedication on 20/20. 2018–present: A&E Investigates and America's Most Wanted
In April 2018, A&E Originals signed <mask> to a first-look and production deal. <mask> would serve as anchor of its A&E Investigates, its banner for new non-fiction prime time journalism programming. She broadcast her first A&E Investigates series on A&E, Cults & Extreme Belief, in May 2018.The Untold Story, a series focusing on the untold stories of influential people and events, premiered in April 2019. In January 2021, it was confirmed that <mask> would host a revival of America's Most Wanted on Fox, which premiered on March 15, 2021. <mask> is now the anchor of News Cafe on A&E's FYI Network. Personal life
<mask> has explained that despite her multi-ethnic heritage, she identifies with her Hispanic roots. She is fluent in English and Spanish and proficient in French. On July 20, 2002, <mask> married singer-songwriter Marc Cohn after three years of dating. They have two sons, Zach and Sam.<mask> also has two stepchildren, Max and Emily, from Cohn's first marriage. In August 2014, Entertainment Tonight reported that <mask> and Cohn were divorcing after 12 years of marriage. <mask> was introduced to Transcendental Meditation in 2014 by fellow ABC anchor George Stephanopoulos. Alcoholism
<mask>' battle with alcohol stemmed from her anxiety rooted in her childhood after witnessing her father join the Vietnam War and subsequently suffering daily panic attacks; her anxiety only intensified throughout her life after she was told early on that it would be in her best interest to hide her anxiety to avoid appearing weak. Her struggle culminated during a family vacation in 2012 when she

masks: Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas Vargas


title: Elizabeth Vargas

texts:
 realized she needed help. After seeking treatment in Utah and departing prematurely, she eventually relapsed. On November 6, 2013, ABC confirmed a New York Daily News story that <mask> was undergoing treatment for alcoholism."I am dealing with addiction," <mask> said. After her second rehab admission, on January 24, 2014, <mask> described herself as an alcoholic. <mask> underwent rehabilitation for alcoholism in 2014 for a third time shortly before she and Marc Cohn divorced. In 2018, NBC News reported that <mask> had been sober since 2014. In 2016, <mask> wrote a memoir, Between Breaths: A Memoir of Panic and Addiction. It was published by Grand Central Publishing on September 13 and became an instant The New York Times and USA Today best-seller. Further reading
Between Breaths: A Memoir of Panic and Addiction; by: <mask>; Publisher: Grand Central; ASIN=B0169ATL3Q.See also

 History of women in Puerto Rico
 Irish immigration to Puerto Rico
 List of Americans of Irish descent
 List of Puerto Ricans
 New Yorkers in journalism

References

External links

 <mask>' Biography – ABC News

 <mask>, ABC News Journalist – About.com profile

{{Succession box| title=20/20herself 2009–2018,with John Stossel 2004–2009| before=Barbara Walters | after= David Muir (2013–present)Amy Robach (2018-present) | years=2004–2009}}

1962 births
Living people
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
ABC News personalities
American journalists of Puerto Rican descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Swedish descent
American people of German descent
American writers of Italian descent
American people of Spanish descent
American television reporters and correspondents
American women television journalists
Hispanic and Latino American women journalists
People from Paterson, New Jersey
Television anchors from Chicago
Missouri School of Journalism alumni
American expatriates in Germany
American expatriates in Belgium
21st-century American women
20th-century

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Elizabeth Vargas
Elizabeth Vargas
Elizabeth Vargas


title: Prabodh Chandra Bagchi

texts:
<mask> () (18 November 1898 – 19 January 1956) or  P. C<mask> was one of the most notable Sino -Indologists of the 20th century. He was the third Upacharya (Vice-Chancellor) of Visva-Bharati University. Early life and education
He was born on 18 November 1898, the eldest son of <mask> and Smt Tarangini Devi in present-day Bangladesh in Magura District. He was to lose his mother in his early childhood. He did his schooling in Srikole, Magura District in present Bangladesh. <mask> was a brilliant student and a favourite of his teachers and Head Master who expected great things of him. In 1914, he appeared for the Matriculation examination.He graduated from Krishnagar Government College in 1918 with honours in Sanskrit. He stood first in his college and received the prestigious Mohini Mohan Roy award. Although he showed promise in Mathematics, he took Sanskrit, the classical language of India, because of his desire to study ancient Indian history. He joined Calcutta University for his post-graduation studies in Ancient History and Culture, obtaining a First Class M.A. in 1920. He was awarded a gold medal in the Religion Section and overall had stood first in the university. Academic career and contributions
After his post-graduation from Calcutta University, he immediately joined the university as a lecturer after being called by Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee who told him to "Join from tomorrow" (In Bengali, as noted in his personal diary).The period from 1921 onwards was highly significant for <mask> <mask> in fulfilling his dream to become a true Orientalist. He realised the need for

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. Bagchi
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Chandra Bagchi


title: Prabodh Chandra Bagchi

texts: reconstructing ancient history and the multifaceted Indian cultural history more scientifically on a broader Asiatic perspective. With this lofty dream in mind, he started learning Chinese and Japanese from Professor Kimura and Professor Masuda of Calcutta University and German from Professor Taraporewala. Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, the Vice-Chancellor deputed <mask> <mask> to learn Chinese and Tibetan from Sylvain Lévi, the Professor of Sanskrit and Indian Civilization in the Sorbonne University, Paris who was in Santiniketan on an invitation from Rabindranath Tagore. It was also from Sylvain Lévi and the great poet Rabindranath that <mask> <mask> imbibed a new approach to research on the Indian cultural history which renewed his endeavour to learn various foreign languages to have access to the original source materials. Instead of fragmented specialised studies he realised that ancient Indian history and culture should be viewed in its entirety so that many obscure areas would be brought into light. In 1922, young <mask> reached the first milestone of his career, when he accompanied Sylvain Lévi and Madame Lévi to Nepal.His painstaking work in exploring original manuscripts and the Tibetan and Chinese manuscripts of old Sanskrit texts which were lost in their originals but preserved in their translations at the Royal Durbar Library of Nepal resulted in his invaluable findings in the domain of Indological research. Among his findings the palm leaf manuscripts of Kaula-Jnana- Nirnaya and Sammoho Tantra need special mention as they throw light on mysticism, influence of Sakti-ism

masks: Prabodh Chandra Prabodh Chandra Prabodh


title: Prabodh Chandra Bagchi

texts:
 on later Buddhism and emergence of new religious creeds. In 1922, <mask> reached another milestone when he was awarded Rashbehari Ghosh Travelling Fellowship for one year. He travelled to Indo-China, Cambodia, Cochin-China and Japan. He got the opportunity to work with Sylvain Lévi, Louis Finot, the founder of Ecole de Pali in Phnom Penh, George Groslier who established a renowned museum in Phnom Penh, National Museum of Cambodia, Henry Marshal, the head of Ecole Francaise d' extreme orient in Hanoi and Henri Permentier exponent of Khmer art and culture. <mask> <mask> was enriched with their exploratory survey of the archaeological remains of Angkor Vat. He stayed in Hanoi and was fortunate to attend Chinese classes conducted by Prof. Auroussean.He visited Japan and benefited extensively from his stay at the Monastery of Koyasen. During the period between 1923 and 1926 <mask> <mask> was in France on a government scholarship for higher studies. He worked
 on Sanskrit Buddhist literature with Sylvain Lévi,
 on the ancient remains of Indian civilisation in Central Asia with Paul Pelliot,
 on Buddhist literature in China with Henri Maspero,
 on the ancient Pali texts with Jules Bloch and
 on Avestan gathas with Antoine Meillet. He was awarded the highest degree of Docteur es Letters (State Doctorate) by the Paris University. <mask> <mask> served the department of Ancient History and Culture of Calcutta University during the period between 1926 and 1944. He contributed immensely to the enhancement of the research studies on Humanities with his innumerable writings based on his own

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title: Prabodh Chandra Bagchi

texts: findings. In 1929 and 1930 he was sent to Nepal again to carry on his research from the Chinese and Tibetan manuscripts on Tantrik Buddhism(Vajrayana), Buddhist Siddhacharyas and Charyagiti(Charyapada) and Dohakosa (Dohakosa of Tillopada and Sarahapada).In 1931, he along with Professors Suniti Kumar Chatterjee and Sukumar Sen formed an informal Study Circle at the Calcutta University for various deliberations on the discipline of historical linguistics which was known as the science of comparative philology. Subsequently, in the year 1938 this Philological Society merged with the Indian Linguistic Society with Dr. Sukumar Sen as its secretary and Dr<mask> as its treasurer. <mask> <mask>'s residence at Ballygunge Place, Kolkata became a hub of cultural and intellectual activities. Parichayagosthi, an association of eminent literary persons like Hiran Kumar Sanyal, Bishnu Dey, Sudhin Datta and others had their gatherings at Prabodh's residence. Sarojini Naidu attended this gathering, Pramatha Nath Chowdhury was a frequent visitor and was extremely fond of <mask> <mask>. He presided over a number of conferences like Howrah Teachers' Conference and Divya Memorial Conference at Rangpur in 1937, Brihattara Banga Sahitya Sammelan(Greater Bengali Literary Conference) held in Guwahati, Assam and at Rangoon, Burma in 1939, Indian History Congress at Aligarh, All India Oriental Conference ( section of Pali and Buddhism) in Nagpur in 1946. <mask> <mask>, who already established himself as an exponent in Sinology joined Visva Bharati University at Santiniketan as Director of Research

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 Studies under the Chinese Cultural Studies Scheme on a special grant from the Chinese Government in the year 1945.He was still on deputation from Calcutta University. In the meantime, the government of India created a Chair Professorship at Peking University to promote Sino-Indian understanding and cultural ties and <mask> <mask> was selected for this prestigious post for a period of two years. He fulfilled his new assignment successfully and his house at 41\M Legation Street in Peking became a hub of Indo-Chinese cultural activities. An international conference (23–24 November 2008) was held in Beijing to commemorate the 110th birth anniversary of Professors <mask> <mask> and Tan Yunshan by remembering their scholarly contribution to Sino-Indian studies. At this international Conference which was inaugurated by Mrs.Nirupama Rao, then the Ambassador to China. A book on the collection of articles written by <mask> <mask> was also released (India and China: Interactions through Buddhism and Diplomacy). On his return from China he resumed his work at Visva Bharati and took charge of Vidya Bhavana, the department of higher studies.In recognition of his valuable contributions to Oriental Studies he was awarded the Honorary Diploma by Ecole Francaise  d' Extreme Orient. Between 1949 and 1951 P.C.<mask> delivered a series of lectures at Jadavpur, Calcutta University as its Hemchandra Basu Mallik Professor. These highly illuminating lectures were on
 the nomadic movements in early Central Asia
 the history of the relations between Tokharistan and Eastern Iran
 the history of the early

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 states in the oases of Chinese Turkestan
 the uses of the Indian scripts and languages in Central Asia

These lectures were compiled into a book entitled "India and Central Asia" and  published by Jadavpur, National Council of Education in 1955. To quote Professor B.N.Mukherjee, an eminent Orientalist evaluating this book and <mask>'s profound scholarship in the Centenary Volume "...he (<mask>) was the first competent Indian scholar to delve into the past of Central Asia. He will always adorn a niche in the facade of Indo-Central Asian scholarship. "In 1952 he was sent to China as a delegate of the first Indian cultural delegation from independent India, led by Smt. Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit.Visva Bharati and his untimely death

<mask> had been involved with Visva-Bharati University since 1945 and had taken charge of Vidya Bhavana, the department of higher studies. He was appointed Vice – Chancellor (Upacharya) of Visva Bharati University in April 1954. As a recognition of his contribution to academics <mask>, became the first full Vice-Chancellor from outside the Tagore family. This was short-lived tenure as he died on 19 January 1956 after a heart attack. Despite his brief term of office, he proved to be an able administrator. The all round growth of Visva Bharati in keeping with the ideals of its founder, the great poet Rabindranath Tagore became his main thrust. He expanded spheres of activities in all the departments and introduced the three years' degree course in the graduation level with many other related changes in the curricula.To make Visva Bharati a centre of studies

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title: Prabodh Chandra Bagchi

texts: of Eastern Humanities he reorganised the Department of Indology and created higher posts of professorship in the Indo-Tibetan and Japanese Departments. The encouragement given to research by him despite institutional financial constraints was highly commendable. He personally used to guide the research students and make arrangements for their publication. He used to edit personally the Quarterly journals like Sino-Indian Studies, Visva Bharati Annals and Sahitya Prakashika. He introduced many new technical subjects like Applied Mechanics, Metal work etc. in the curricula of Siksha Shatra, the nucleus of Sriniketan. To quote Prabodh <mask>:" Through sustained contacts with Sriniketan I have now arrived at the firm conclusion that without Sriniketan, Santiniketan is incomplete.If Sriniketan is kept aloof from Santiniketan then we could not live up to the ideals of Gurudeva." <mask> kept up his prolific academic work during his tenure as Vice-Chancellor. In 1954, P.C.<mask> delivered a series of scholarly lectures in memory of Adhar <mask> at the Calcutta University on the obscure field of India and South East Asia. In the same year P.C.<mask> was invited by the Government of India to lead a cultural delegation to China which he declined due to his preoccupation with the administrative work of Visva-Bharati. Even whilst carrying out his administrative duties as Vice-Chancellor and despite his failing health, <mask> carried out his research work late into the night. Many unfinished works were found on his study table after his sudden death. Out of these, only She-Kia-Fang-Che was

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title: Prabodh Chandra Bagchi

texts: posthumously published by the Visva-Bharati University in 1959.This treatise, translated from old Chinese into English for the first time by P.C.<mask>, was written by Tao-Siuan, a disciple of the famous Chinese monk and pilgrim Xuanzang (Hiuen-Tsang) who lived between A.D.596 and 667. This book is of immense value as one of the major sources of our knowledge about the ancient geography, prevailing Buddhism and the travel account of Xuanzang. To quote Professor B. N. Mukherjee "Though published without any critical introduction or notes, obviously due to the translator's sudden and unexpected demise in course of the preparation of the publication, the translation may be included among Professor <mask>'s greatest contribution to the study of Central Asia." Centenary Volume India and Asia. <mask> <mask>'s sudden demise was a great shock for Visva Bharati and the educational fraternity. Visva Bharati wrote in its news: "Dr.<mask>'s earthly pilgrimage is over. His name and fame now belong to history.Although this is an irreparable loss, we shall be proud to recollect that he was our own...A man of letters, he will certainly live more than his years." The Ministry of Education, Government of India resolved: "This meeting...the Ministry of Education in the Government of India places on record its deep sense of loss at the untimely and sudden passing away of Dr.P.C.<mask>, Vice-Chancellor, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan. Dr. <mask>'s death is a loss not only to Visva Bharati with which he was connected over a period of years, but to the cause of scholarship throughout the country. In

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 him the nation has lost a distinguished scholar, Indologist, Sinologist and a worker who strived steadfastly for the ideals of Satyam, Shivam and Sundaram, which have been the motto of the university since its inception." What stood out in his scholarship was his holistic approach to his research and indeed, to his life. Personal life

In 1921, he married Panna Rani Devi, the daughter of Rai Saheb Taraknath Moitra and Hemangini Devi from Pabna. She was a great pillar of support, sharing in every aspect of his scholarly life and, running the family when he was away on his long foreign travels, exploratory field trips or lost in his remarkable library of rare and invaluable books into which he would delve for hours or when he was busy typing out his observations, the staccato from his Remington type writer a familiar sound in the household.She was known for her hospitality and tender nature and was very popular with his colleagues, students and friends. They had a son (Pratip) and five daughters (Chitra, Krishna,Gopa, Ratna, Indrani). He had five grandsons (Deepak Sinha, Ashok Sinha, Devdatta Mukutmoni, Dipankar Mukutmoni and Shiladitya Sinha) and two granddaughters (Sujata (Bulu) Sanyal and Sudeshna Sinha). <mask> <mask> was a man of sensitivity which is evident from his love for animals, music, aesthetics and refined life style. His compassion for the have-nots knew no bounds. He used to contribute a considerable amount every month from his own salary as scholarships to  the needy yet deserving students. <mask> the patriot
Whilst at Paris, the young <mask> also made his mark

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 as an effective organiser He was one of the founders of "Association des Etudiante Hindous de France (Association of Indian Students of France).Forever sympathetic, he was loved by all Indian students  and whenever required, he was ready to extend his helping hand. The well known scientist, Satyendra Nath Bose personally benefited from an introductory letter to Madame Marie Curie by Prof. Sylvain Lévi at the request of Bagchi. Satyendra Nath Bose has given an illuminating account of the significant role played by the young <mask>, a man of 'exemplary integrity' in a chapter in his Bengali compilation of essays. This organisation under the guidance of <mask> <mask> gave shelter to the Indian freedom fighters who were branded as anti-government by the British authorities. The Association was involved in revolutionary activities with its branches in various European cities and its headquarters at 17, Rue de Sommerard in Paris. Even early in his life, during his post-graduate studies, he was actively associated with the Anushilan Samity, an organisation to trigger nationalistic activities. This was founded in Dacca by Barrister P. Mitra on whom Vivekananda made an indelible impact.Later on, this organisation was transferred to Calcutta. Some eminent students
Dr <mask> left behind a rich legacy through several of his students who went on to gain pre-eminence in their field. India and Asia: PC Bagchi Centenary Volume edited by Prof BN Mukherjee, published by Progressive Publishers in 2009 ()

Works
He published a large number of books in English, French and Bengali. He contributed

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 China: a thousand years of cultural relations. Published in Greater India Society, Bulletin 2, Calcutta in 1927 First Edition 1944, China Press, Calcutta
Second Edition 1950, Hind Kitab, Bombay

Third Edition 1951, Philosophical Library, New York

Fourth Edition 1981, Saraswat Library, Calcutta

Fifth Edition 2008, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. .

Chinese Translation "Zhong-Yin Qiannian Shi" 2008, Indian Embassy, Beijing. .

7. India and Central Asia: 1955, National Council of Education, Jadavpur, Calcutta

8. Caryagiti Kosa : P. C. Bagchi & Shanti Bhiksu Sastri 1956, Visva Bharati

9. She-Kia-Fang-Che 1959, Visva Bharati

10. Indological Studies-A collected works of Dr. P. C<mask>, vol.I, 1982, Visva Bharati

11. The Second City of the Empire. Editor

Books in Bengali

Visva Bharati Press

12. Bouddha Dharma O Sahitya

13. Bharat O Indo Chin

14. Bharat O Chin

15. Bharat O Madhya Asia

Bangla Academy

16.Probondho Shamgraho

References

Further reading
 Information and photos obtained from the daughters of P. C. <mask>: Mrs. Krishna Sinha, Mrs. Ratna Sinha and Mrs. Indrani Mukutmoni from their personal album, their father's letters and his diary. A Monograph on P.C.Bagchi by Kalyan Kumar Sarkar published in Dec.1956
 Visva-Bharati, Quarterly News, 1956
 In Memoriam written by Prof.Suniti Kumar Chatterjee published in Visva-Bharati Annals and Visva-Bharati Patrika in 1957 and in Indian Linguistics: Bagchi Memorial Volume, Deccan College, Poona, jointly with Linguistic Society of India. Interviews on Doordarshan, Kolkata  of Professors like B. N.

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title: Prabodh Chandra Bagchi

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 Mukherjee, Shyamalkanti Chakravarty and the daughters of P.C. <mask> on the occasion of  P.C.<mask>'s centenary "Satavarsher aloye Prabodh <mask>"
 Diner pore din je galo written by Prof. Sukumar Sen
 Convocation Addresses delivered by Upacharya P.C.<mask> Bhavan, Visva-Bharati
 Review of PC Bagchi's publications. Yuyama, Akira (2002), <mask> <mask> (1898-1956). A Model in the Beginnings of Indo-sinic Philology, Annual Report of The International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University 5, 137-146

1898 births
1956 deaths
Indian Indologists
Indian sinologists
University of Calcutta alumni
University of Paris alumni
Visva-Bharati University faculty
20th-century Indian historians
Indian expatriates in France
People from Magura District
Indian expatriates in Cambodia
Scholars from West

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title: Samuel Curtis Johnson Jr.

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<mask>. (March 2, 1928 – May 22, 2004) was an American businessman. He was the fourth generation of his family to lead S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc., which is headquartered in Racine, Wisconsin. He was the son of <mask>. and the great-grandson of company founder, <mask>, a celebrated business icon, turned a relatively small wax company into a multibillion-dollar global household name. A noted philanthropist and environmentalist, <mask> led his company and community "to protect this planet and leave it a better place for future generations to live," noting, "A good executive, a busy executive, always has time to do some other things, especially for the good of the community." Early years and education
<mask> grew up in Racine, Wisconsin and spent most of his life there. A graduate of Asheville School, Sam attended Cornell University and was selected for membership in the Sphinx Head Society before his 1950 graduation with a bachelor's in economics. He then attended the Harvard Business School, from which he graduated in 1952 with a master's in business administration.<mask> also served in the U.S. Air Force as an intelligence officer for 2 years. <mask> met his wife, Imogene <mask>, at Cornell University in 1946. They wed in 1954 and had been married fifty years at the time of his death. <mask> and his wife had four children, <mask> "Curt" <mask> III, <mask>-Leipold, Herbert Fisk "Fisk" <mask> III and Winifred "Winnie" (<mask>) Marquart, as well as twelve grandchildren and three step-grandchildren at the time of his death. Carnauba, A Son's Memoir

<mask>'s father, Herbert Fisk "H.F." <mask>., and a team of Johnson Wax employees undertook a two-month,  expedition to northeast Brazil in 1935 in search of a sustainable

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title: Samuel Curtis Johnson Jr.

texts:
 source of carnauba wax. On his return, he published a book, dedicating the book to his son: "To Sammy, I hope you make this trip some day. It changed my life.Love, Dad." Sixty-three years later, in 1998, <mask> recreated his father's journey with his two sons. <mask> undertook the journey, documented in a 2001 film called Carnauba: A Son's Memoir, in a replica Sikorsky S-38 amphibious plane like the one his father used. During the course of the film, <mask> reflects on his somewhat difficult relationship with his often-absent father as well as his own battle with alcoholism. Said <mask> of the journey, "I started to get this idea that some people thought was crazy, but something was telling me to do it… to recreate my father's airplane and retrace his journey. [My wife] Gene said I was doing it to spend more time with my father after all these years... in the end that turned out to be true." Environmental accomplishments
<mask> was once described by Fortune magazine in 1993 as "corporate America's leading environmentalist."<mask> was committed to environmental causes, stating, "We must make sure that we step softly on the land... Once you destroy an old growth forest, or a special plant in the Amazon, or a reef around an atoll, it's gone forever." Leader of the CFC ban
<mask> was one of the first business leaders to recognize the danger to the Earth's ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), a then-popular propellant in aerosol products, voluntarily banning the substance from all of S.C. Johnson's products in 1975 to the shock and anger of many people inside the company and across the nation. The then-unproven scientific research led <mask> to publish a letter to the public explaining his decision. "Our own

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 company scientists confirm that as a scientific hypothesis it may be possible.... We concur that the pressing need for reliable scientific investigation.... We at Johnson Wax are taking this action in the interest of our customers and the public in general during a period of uncertainty and scientific inquiry." Over the next few years, <mask> encouraged his scientists to develop the company's many non-CFC aerosol propellants and pulled his aerosol business out of several countries in which CFCs were mandated in aerosol production. Three years after <mask> recalled and ceased production of all CFC products, the U.S. government corroborated the research of the substance's harmful effects and unilaterally banned CFCs. <mask> was praised for his early decision.The World Business Council for Sustainable Development
Johnson was a founding member of the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). <mask> incorporated environmentally responsible behavior into his business and believed that all businesses could be successful with the same mindset. Said <mask> of his involvement with the council, "We aggressively seek out eco-efficiencies--ways of doing more with less--because it makes us more competitive when we reduce and eliminate waste and risk from our products and processes. And it saves us money. By developing products that are as safe as possible for people and the environment, we improve our market share." The WBCSD named <mask> a member of the Order of Outstanding Contributors to Sustainable Development in 2003. The President's Council on Sustainable Development
Because of <mask>'s work with the WBCSD, President Bill Clinton appointed him to the President's Council on Sustainable Development in

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 1993.The group advised President Clinton and Vice President Al Gore until 1999 on ways to strengthen a community by improving the local economy, helping save the environment, and promoting equal opportunities for every American. The fight against dirty coal
In 2003, <mask> personally financed an in-depth, grass-roots driven campaign against Wisconsin Energy Corporation's proposal to build three new coal plants in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, stating, "I think their choice is a terrible mistake considering the health and quality of life risks that coal presents." The campaign, organized under the moniker of RESET (Responsible Energy for Southeastern Wisconsin's Tomorrow), consisted of print and radio ads as well as a public affairs education program. Citing that the already-existent seventeen Wisconsin coal plants produced 60% more smog-forming nitric oxide pollution and 63% more soot-producing sulfur oxide pollution than that allowed by the Clean Air Act, the group delayed but failed to derail new coal plant construction. The Nature Conservancy
A long-time member of both the President's Conservation Council of the Nature Conservancy and the National Development Council of the Nature Conservancy, <mask> and his company partnered with the Conservancy to create a reserve in the Caatinga region of northeastern Brazil, which he dedicated to the memory of his father. <mask>'s reserve, the largest private Caatinga reserve in Brazil, protects 173 species of birds, 40 species of mammals, and 140 species of plants. For his work, the Ceará (Brazil) Legislative Assembly named <mask> an honorary citizen of the State of Ceará in 2000.The following year, the Wisconsin Chapter of The Nature Conservancy elected <mask> Honorary Trustee.

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 Philanthropist
In addition to his environmental work, <mask> greatly contributed to education, better health, and greater opportunities for the people of his community and around the world. Although his financial contributions were considerable—his corporate donations were around 5% annually—<mask> preferred to become personally involved with many philanthropic organizations. Said <mask> in 1988, "For voluntarism to take hold as part of a company's culture, there must be a key executive who sets the example by personal involvement.... I spend a good twenty to thirty percent of my time, or about two days of every seven, on what I call 'not-for-profit' activities.... Raising money is only one part of voluntarism; indeed it is not the most important. A more important part is the devotion of time by the people who actually service the organizations and spend a good portion of their free time working at no pay." Mayo Clinic
<mask> was the longest serving public member of the Mayo Foundation Board of Trustees, serving from 1967 to 1990 and acting as one-time Chairman.Mayo honored <mask> for his contributions in 1991 during the groundbreaking ceremonies of the $26-million-dollar state-of-the-art S.C. Johnson Medical Research Center on the Mayo Clinic's  campus in Scottsdale, Arizona. In 2004, the year of his death, <mask>, his family, and the S.C. Johnson Fund donated more than $12 million to the establishment of Mayo's Samuel C. Johnson Program in the Genomics of Addiction. <mask> reflected on his contributions to the Mayo Clinic in 1991: "I've made a commitment to this research center because I believe in the importance of medical research; I believe in the power of science to help relieve human suffering; and I believe


title: Samuel Curtis Johnson Jr.

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 in putting able, curious minds to work for the betterment of mankind." The Smithsonian Institution
<mask> first publicly promoted his love of the arts in 1962 with S.C. <mask>'s ART:USA, the Johnson Collection of Contemporary American Painting. One of the first corporate-sponsored touring art collections, ART:USA featured 102 paintings by living American artists and toured 18 cities around the world for two years prior to a two-and-a-half-year tour through 25 American cities, breaking attendance records around the world. <mask> donated the collection to the Smithsonian Institution in the mid-sixties citing its value because it had "reached people around the world" and "enhanced the company's reputation for doing the unusual in the name of excellence." Cornell University and the Johnson School of Management
<mask> served as a Trustee Emeritus and Presidential Councillor at Cornell University, his alma mater.In 1984, <mask> and his family made a $20 million endowment gift to the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management that was named after <mask>'s great-grandfather, who founded Johnson Wax. In 1989, <mask> was named to the Johnson School of Management Hall of Honor in recognition of his advisory council leadership. Later gifts to Cornell, including gifts in 2004 in the amount of $5 million to establish the Center for Sustainable Global Enterprise as well as $2.5 million to create the S.C. Johnson Professorship in Sustainable Global Enterprise, supported the teaching of business and sustainability at the University. An additional gift created a new facility for the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. The Prairie School

Johnson's wife, Imogene <mask> founded The Prairie School in Wind Point, Wisconsin,

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 along with good friend Willie Hilpert in 1965. According to <mask> there was "a need in our community to augment our respected public school system with a curriculum and a learning environment to develop individual student achievement in a college preparatory program." The children of many S. C. Johnson employees attend the school to this day.This pre-K-12 college preparatory private school features small classes and an emphasis on strong academics, extra curricular activities, and community activism. The unique architecture of the school was influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright's designs. <mask> served as the school's Chairman of the Board until 1983, when he was named Founding Chairman Emeritus, a position he held until his death. His wife Imogene continued on the school's board in the same position. Downtown Racine, Wisconsin
<mask> took part in the organization of the Downtown Racine Development Corporation in the 1980s, a community effort to restore the historic downtown area of the city which is the hometown of <mask> and his companies. His employees were among the local citizens to first donate time and money and to convince the local government to donate millions to restoration projects, including developing the harbor along Lake Michigan to include a festival site. <mask> further contributed to the revitalization of the downtown Racine area in 2002, when he commissioned William McDonough, a pioneer in green-architecture, to design the Johnson Building.Built on a former empty parking lot in the middle of the downtown area, the building is global headquarters for Johnson Outdoors and Johnson Financial Group. Local government officials named the street to the south of the building "<mask> Parkway" in <mask>'s

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