title: Richard Montgomery Gano

texts:
<mask> (June 17, 1830 – March 27, 1913) was a physician, Protestant minister, and brigadier general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. Early life
<mask> was born June 17, 1830 near Springdale in Bourbon County, Kentucky, the son of <mask>, who was the son of Gen. <mask><mask>, veteran of the War of 1812. <mask> was a minister in the Disciples of Christ and was active in the Restoration Movement with Alexander Campbell and Barton W. Stone. The first General <mask> was the son of Rev. <mask> and Sarah Stites. (Rev. <mask> was the first pastor of the First Baptist Church of New York City and was known as the "Fighting Chaplain" for his Revolutionary War exploits.He is also credited with having baptized George Washington in the Potomac River although this is disputed.) <mask> was of Huguenot descent. <mask> was baptized into the church at age ten, and at twelve he entered Bacon College in Harrodsburg, Kentucky (Bacon was the progenitor of the University of Kentucky). He completed his course of studies at Bethany College in Bethany, Virginia (now West Virginia) about 1847, and then attended Louisville Medical Institute in Louisville, Kentucky, from which he graduated in 1849. <mask> practiced medicine first in Kentucky, then in Baton Rouge, Louisiana (including two years as physician to the Louisiana State Prison), until 1858. He married Martha ("Mattie") Jones Welch of Crab Orchard, Kentucky, March 15, 1853 in Garrard County, Kentucky, and they had twelve children, nine of whom lived to adulthood. Martha was born October 8, 1832 and died September 22, 1895 in

masks:
Richard Montgomery Gano
Richard Gano
John Allen Gano
Richard M
. Gano
John Allen Gano
Richard Gano
John Gano
John Gano
Gano
Richard
Gano


title: Richard Montgomery Gano

type: original

texts:
 Dallas, Texas.Allene <mask>, mother of aviation billionaire Howard Hughes, was General <mask>'s granddaughter. In 1859, <mask> moved his family to Grapevine Prairie, Texas, in northeast Tarrant County (roughly on the present site of the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport), and began farming and stockraising, as well as continuing to practice medicine. He was particularly interested in introducing Kentucky race horse breeds to Texas. He was soon involved in community efforts to pursue Comanche raiding parties, and was presented a sword for his efforts by local citizens. In 1860, he was elected to the Texas legislature from Tarrant County, where he was active in debates on frontier defense and agricultural issues. Civil War

He resigned his seat early in 1861 to enter Confederate service and on June 1 was elected captain of the "Grapevine Volunteers", a company of mounted riflemen he had raised. By early March 1862, he had reorganized his unit into a partial cavalry squadron of two companies, which was mustered into direct Confederate service and was assigned to Col. John Hunt Morgan's 2nd Kentucky Cavalry at Chattanooga, Tennessee.Capt. <mask>, commanding Company G, took part in Morgan's first Kentucky raid in July 1862 as well as Morgan's raid on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad in August. During the latter campaign, he was promoted to major in command of a full cavalry squadron (his original two companies plus a third company raised in Tennessee), which he led at the Battle of Gallatin. In September 1862, <mask>'s squadron became the nucleus of the new 7th Kentucky Cavalry Regiment

masks:
Stone Gano
Gano
Gano
Gano
Gano


title: Richard Montgomery Gano

texts: and he was promoted to colonel in Gen. Morgan's new cavalry brigade. The regiment took part in all the actions of Gen. Edmund Kirby Smith's invasion of Kentucky in the fall of 1862, culminating in the Battle of Perryville on October 8, the Battle of Lexington on October 17, and the retreat into east Tennessee. The 7th Kentucky Cavalry subsequently took part in Morgan's second Kentucky raid, December 1862 to January 1863, and by February <mask> (though still a colonel) was in command of the First Cavalry Brigade of Gen. Morgan's cavalry division. On April 3, the brigade was attacked at Snows Hill, Tennessee by some 8,000 Union infantry and cavalry and was forced to withdraw to McMinnville.Shortly after this, Morgan's forces were essentially destroyed during Morgan's Raid, and the remnants rejoined <mask>'s depleted brigade. On September 18, 1863, Col. <mask> commanded both his own brigade and Morgan's survivors under Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest at the Battle of Chickamauga. <mask> left active service for a period because of illness, then was promoted to brigadier general (though he did not receive his "official" promotion until March 17, 1865) and took the eighty-odd survivors of his original Texas cavalry unit (now called the "Gano Guards") back to Bonham, Texas. There he assumed command, October 10, 1863, of all Texas cavalry operating in the Trans-Mississippi Department. On December 27, <mask>'s brigade captured and occupied Waldron, Arkansas, and in April 1864 he suffered an arm wound at a skirmish at Moscow, Arkansas. Two months later, he commanded the attack on Fort Smith, Arkansas, and

masks: Gano Gano Gano Gano Gano


title: Richard Montgomery Gano

texts:
 on July 27, 1864 he led an attack on the 6th Kansas Cavalry at the Battle of Massard Prairie. A few weeks later, <mask>'s brigade, with accompanying artillery, moved to Indian Territory and on September 19 he commanded both the Fifth Texas Cavalry Brigade (made up of the 29th, 30th, and 31st Texas Cavalry and the 11th Field Battery (Howell's Company, Light Artillery) and Brig.Gen. Stand Watie's Indian cavalry (consisting of Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole) at the second Battle of Cabin Creek. His commission reportedly predated Stand Watie's by one month, putting him in command by seniority In this action, the general was wounded again but Confederate forces totaling about 2,000 captured a federal supply train of some three hundred wagons and 750 mules, valued at more than two million dollars. In a congratulatory telegram, Gen. Kirby Smith called this "one of the most brilliant raids of the entire war". In January 1865, as part of a last reorganization of troops west of the Mississippi by Kirby Smith, the brigade was ordered to Nacogdoches, but on May 26, the Army of the Trans-Mississippi surrendered to federal forces. <mask> had been recommended for promotion to major general but the war ended before this could be acted upon. Postwar career
In 1866, <mask> returned to Kentucky, where he was ordained a minister in the Disciples of Christ by his father and by Winthrop Hobson of the Old Union Church.By 1870, he had taken up residence in Dallas, where he resumed stockraising and preached regularly. Over the next thirty years, he was instrumental in establishing a number of churches, both in north

masks: Gano Gano Gano


title: Richard Montgomery Gano

texts: Texas and in Kentucky, and was active in the Prohibition movement of the 1880s. Western Heights Church of Christ, South MaCarthur Church of Christ and Highland Oaks Church of Christ, are some of the historic church that trace their beginnings to <mask>'s work. As a stockman in the later 19th century, <mask> imported a number of important bloodlines into Texas, including cattle, horses, sheep, and hogs. He also was a general businessman, forming a real estate company with two of his sons, and serving as a director of the Bankers and Merchants National Bank in Dallas. These involvements led to his becoming a millionaire. He also was active in United Confederate Veterans.With his sons, John T<mask> and Clarence M<mask>, he formed the Estado Land and Cattle Company, where he served as vice president. The company established the G4 Ranch in the Big Bend region of Texas in late 1880s and early 1890s. The G4 was one of the largest in the Trans-Pecos in that period. The G4 Ranch comprised 55,000 acres in survey Block G4 (hence the name of the ranch) and leased other watered sections nearby. Ranch headquarters were at Oak Spring or Ojo de Chisos, just west of the basin in what is now Big Bend National Park. The ranch extended from Agua Fria Mountain on the north to the Rio Grande on the south, and from Terlingua Creek on the west to the Chisos Mountains on the east; it thus covered most of what is now southwestern Brewster County, Texas. The <mask>s persuaded James B. Gillett to resign as marshal of El Paso to manage the ranch.This was land that had never been stocked; at the time, recalled Gillett,

masks:
Gano
Gano
. Gano
. Gano
Gano


title: Richard Montgomery Gano

texts:
 "The Ganos had it all to themselves." <mask> died March 27, 1913 at the home of his daughter Mrs. Emma Scurry, 1903 Bennett Ave  in Dallas and is buried in Oakland Cemetery. In 1974, the "dog-trot" house he purchased at Grapevine Prairie in 1857 was moved to Dallas Heritage Village, which is located on Gano Street, named for <mask>. The house was originally built of logs and was later covered with white clapboard siding. Gen. <mask>. <mask> Chapter #2433 of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Texas Division, meets in Irving, Texas. Brig. Gen. <mask>. <mask> Camp #2292 of the Sons of Confederate Veterans, Texas Division, meets in Grapevine, Texas.See also

List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

References

Further reading
 The papers of John Allen <mask> and <mask> are housed in the collection of Brown Library, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas. Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Kohout, Martin Donell G4 RANCH, Handbook of Texas. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. Roberts, Oran M. Confederate Military History of Texas. "<mask><mask>."IN: Scott, Laurence W. Texas Pulpit by Christian Preachers. St. Louis: Christian Publishing Company, 1888. pp. 397–98. Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .
 Warren, Steven L. Brilliant Victory: The Second Civil War Battle of Cabin Creek, Indian Territory. Wyandotte, Okla.: Gregath

masks:
Richard Gano
Richard Gano
Richard M
Gano
Richard M
Gano
Gano
Richard Gano
Richard M
. Gano


title: T. P. Rajalakshmi

texts:
<mask> (11 November 1911 – 1964) was the first Tamil and Telugu film heroine, director and producer in the South Indian cinema industry. Early life
T. P<mask> was born on 11 November 1911 in the town of Saliyamangalam in the then Tanjore district of the Madras Presidency. Child Marriage affected Rajalakshmi's life. She was child married at the age of 11 but the child marriage did not last. Because of the dowry problem, Rajalakshmi was sent back to her mother's house as they could not pay the dowry that was demanded during the child marriage. At the age of 20, Rajalakshmi fell in love and married her co-star T. V. Sundaram. Immediately after their wedding, the couple adopted a female child, in order to save the girl child from female infanticide, which was practiced in those days.She educated Mallika (adopted female child's name) and also took care of her till the day of the adopted girl's wedding. Rajalakshmi was a role model for the people and she initiated social awareness to fight against the Female Child Assassination and to fight for the Freedom of the Nation through her lifestyle that she led. Later T.P.<mask> became pregnant and she gave birth to a female child in 1936. T.P<mask> named her daughter as "Kamala". T. P<mask> also directed a film named Miss Kamala and inaugurated the birth year of her daughter Kamala. The movie Miss Kamala turned out to be a hit of those days and Rajalakshmi was a leading star of those days, which made the people to expect and wait anxiously for her upcoming movies.Rajalakshmi established her own production company named "Sri Rajam Talkies" and she produced her films from her own production company- Sri

masks:
Thirvaru Panchapakesa Rajalakshmi
. Rajalakshmi
Rajalakshmi
. Rajalakshmi
. Rajalakshmi


title: T. P. Rajalakshmi

texts:
 facilitated and awarded. Other leading stars like Sivaji Ganesan, Gemini Ganesan, M. G. Chakrapani, T. R. Mahalingam, Nambiar and many people had a great respect for T. P<mask> and the entire South Indian Film Industry of those days were so proud for T. P. R.

As a novelty, Rajalakshmi introduced a sequence in which a song is heard over the radio. It was a period when radio was not yet a familiar medium of entertainment. Rajalakshmi employed stunt sequences to portray the kidnapping of the heroine by a hired gang for which she engaged well known stunt actors of the day — ‘Battling’ C. S. D. Singh and ‘Stunt’ Rajoo. A staunch patriot, Rajalakshmi was associated with the Freedom Movement and the Indian National Congress.To express her devotion to the cause, she produced a film, India Thai. The British Indian censors objected to the title of the film, but TPR never minded the protest and she released the film daring in the name of the Indhiya Thaai. Heavily mauled by the censors, this film fared badly at the box office but she did not mind the loss for her, rather she felt it was her contribution to the Freedom Movement. She later switched to matronly roles in movies such as Idhaya Geetham. Rajalakshmi became wealthy, owning sizeable properties in Kilpauk. In one of her movies, Nandakumar, T. P<mask> objected to wearing a "katcham" (a bra-like costume). Noted star Durga Khote wore it for the Marathi version without a murmur of protest.However, <mask> threatened to walk out of the movie, and left with no option, a 1930s – Poona-fashion "jumper" blouse was used for the replacement of the katcham. Recognition

T. P<mask>'s birth centenary was

masks:
. Rajalakshmi
. Rajalakshmi
Rajalakshmi
. Rajalakshmi


title: T. P. Rajalakshmi

texts:
 celebrated by the Government of Tamil Nadu. The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu stated, "Tamil Nadu feels pride in gifting to the Indian Cinemas, the first female director, producer and heroine honored with the title – CINEMA RANI T. P. Rajalakshmi". Her birth centenary was celebrated recently as a Government Function to honor the pioneer. The Nadigar Sangam of South India honored TPR by constituting an award in her name (T .<mask>Rajalakshmi award) for the forthcoming generations in the 63rd Annual General Body Meet. Senior Actress Smt. M. N. Rajam was the first recipient to receive the T. P. Rajalakshmi award.Several other functions were conducted by the Tamil Nadu Iyal Isai Naadagam Mandram, Ulagaayutha Tamil Talkies, Barathi Tamil Foundation. Smt. Kamala was honored in behalf of Cinema Rani TPR. Sun TV honored Cinema Rani TPR on the occasion of the World women's day by organizing a show named Penmayai Potruvom. Podhigai TV conducted a special star cast interview of Cinema Rani T. P. R's daughter- Kamala along with the famous Cine Actor, Shri Mohanraman in the show named Muthal Thiruppam. Filmography

Source:

References

External links

 - a song from the film Paranjothi (1945)

1911 births
1964 deaths
Tamil actresses
Tamil film directors
People from Thanjavur district
Indian women film directors
20th-century Indian film directors
20th-century Indian businesspeople
20th-century Indian actresses
Indian women film producers
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Film directors from Tamil Nadu
Film producers from Tamil Nadu
Actresses from Tamil Nadu
Businesswomen from Tamil Nadu
20th-century


title: Jack Wrather

texts:
<mask>. (May 24, 1918 – November 12, 1984), was an entrepreneur and petroleum businessman who became a television producer and later diversified by investing in broadcast stations and resort properties. He is best known for producing The Lone Ranger, Sergeant Preston of the Yukon, and Lassie television series in the 1950s as well as marrying actress Bonita Granville. Biography
<mask> was born in Amarillo, Texas on  to Mazie (Cogdell) and <mask>, Sr. They moved to Tyler, where he grew up and graduated from the local high school in 1935. He graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts degree from The University of Texas at Austin in 1939. Wrather worked in the oilfields of East Texas as a wildcatter and pipeline walker as his college summer job. The early 1940s with his father's illness, <mask> took over as president of his father's oil company, Overton Refining Company.First marriage and military service
On , he married Molly O'Daniel, the daughter of Democratic Governor and later U.S. Senator Wilbert Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel. They had two children before divorcing in 1945. Wrather served in the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve during World War II (1942–1947) in three campaigns and commanded a Marine air group in the Philippines. Film business
After the war, Wrather bought a home in Hollywood and became a movie producer, founding Jack Wrather Pictures Inc. In 1946, he produced his first movie, The Guilty, starring Bonita Granville, whom he would later marry. By 1955, he had produced six more movies, including High Tide, Perilous Waters, Strike It Rich and Guilty of Treason.The films were produced for Eagle-Lion Films, Warner Bros., Allied Artists and United Artists. In 1947, he married movie actress Bonita Granville. They had two children. Granville appeared in over 40 movies during the 1930s and 1940s and on many dramatic television series during the 1950s, and later became a producer for the Lassie show. She is best known for playing the role of Nancy Drew in a series of movies in the late 1930s and being the narrator for Lassie. Wrather purchased 70

masks:
John Devereaux Wrather Jr
Wrather
John Devereaux Wrather
Jack


title: Jack Wrather

texts: percent share of the television station KOTV in Tulsa, Oklahoma from fellow oil millionaire George Cameron. The other 30 percent was owned by station manager Maria Helen Alvarez and commercial manager John Hill.Wrather knew nothing about the management of a station and offered to increase Alvarez and Hill to 50 per cent of the stock in exchange for their services. Hill wanted to move on to real estate, so <mask> agreed to purchase his shares and increase Alvarez to 50 per cent owner in the new Wrather-Alvarez Television and Wrather-Alvarez Broadcasting companies. <mask>-Alvarez went on to purchase the San Diego television and radio stations KFMB-TV and KFMB in 1953 and New York City radio station WNEW in 1955. Television station KOTV was sold in 1954 when Alvarez relocated to the San Diego station. <mask>-Alvarez also owned WJDW-TV in Boston, and donated it in 1965 to the WGBH Educational Foundation, which operates it as the PBS station WGBX-TV. <mask>-Alvarez also financed and owned the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim. Walt Disney asked Wrather to build the hotel after Disney had exhausted his credit line in building the Disneyland theme park.The hotel was completed in 1955, and immediately shared the success of Disneyland. When Disney later attempted to buy the hotel, Wrather refused to sell. In 1954, <mask>-Alvarez purchased the complete rights to The Lone Ranger and took over production of the television series (1954–1957). The corporation also purchased the Lassie television series in 1956 and the Sergeant Preston of the Yukon television series in 1957. The <mask>-Alvarez relationship did not end well because Wrather had discovered that "Miss" Alvarez had married former partner John Hill when he had been "bought out" and his shares given to Alvarez. Wrather unsuccessfully sued Alvarez and Hill for fraud. In 1958, Wrather bought Alvarez's shares of Wrather-Alvarez and became sole owner of its television and hotel assets.The Wrather-Alvarez holdings were distributed into separate companies: Wrather Hotels, Lone Ranger Inc., Lone Ranger

masks: Wrather Wrather Wrather Wrather Wrather Wrather


title: Jack Wrather

texts:
 Television, Lone Ranger Pictures, and Lassie Television. The Independent Television Corporation was formed as a joint venture between <mask>er and the British Incorporated Television Company in 1958. In September 1958, Independent Television Corporation purchased TPA for $11,350,000. The company operated primarily as a distribution service for syndicating television shows produced by Wrather or the British ITC company. Wrather later (about 1959–60) sold his shares of Independent Television Corporation to ITC. He was also the founder of Los Angeles public television station KCET. Wrather is known as the man that "sued the mask off the Lone Ranger".When a new theatrical movie version of the Lone Ranger was being produced during the late 1970s, Wrather obtained a court order requiring Clayton Moore to quit making public appearances as the Lone Ranger. This resulted in a great deal of negative publicity and The Legend of the Lone Ranger released in 1981 was not well received. Before Wrather died, he gave permission for Clayton Moore to resume making public appearances in costume. Other investments
Wrather further diversified his holdings by building or buying resort hotels and other properties throughout the United States. In addition to the Disneyland Hotel, <mask>er also owned the Twin Lakes Lodge in Las Vegas, the L'Horizon Hotel in Palm Springs, California, the Balboa Bay Club & Resort in Newport Beach and the Inn at the Park in Anaheim. In the 1970s there was talk of the Disneyland-Alweg monorail being expanded to stop at the Inn at the Park, that never came to fruition. The Inn at the Park has changed ownership frequently, and is currently operated as the Sheraton Park Hotel at the Anaheim Resort.In 1957, Wrather purchased the Muzak corporation, a company providing "elevator music" for business environments. The company owned an extensive library of "easy-listening" music and one of the world's largest recording plants. Wrather sold the company in 1972. In the early 1980s Wrather purchased, restored and made tourist attractions of the

masks:
Jack Wrath
Jack Wrath


title: Jack Wrather

texts:
 Spruce Goose and the  in Long Beach, California. Over the years, Wrather created or purchased many different companies for his various businesses and investments. These included Evansville Refining Co., Overton Refining Co., Jack Wrather Pictures, Inc., Freedom Productions Corporation, Western States Investment Corporation, Wrather-Alvarez Broadcasting, Inc., General Television Corporation, Jack Wrather Productions, Wrather Hotels, Lone Ranger Inc., Lone Ranger Television, Lone Ranger Pictures, Lassie Television, the Muzak Corporation, and the A.C. Gilbert Company. In 1961, he combined his various holdings into the Wrather Corporation.<mask> died of cancer on November 12, 1984 at St. John's Hospital in Santa Monica, California. His funeral was held at the Roman Catholic Church of the Good Shepherd in Beverly Hills and he was buried at the Holy Cross Cemetery, in Culver City, California. Disney finally acquired the Disneyland Hotel in 1987, when it purchased half share ownership in the Wrather Corporation and the other half in 1988. Disney has retained the hotel but sold off most of the other assets. Most of the popular Wrather franchises are now owned by DreamWorks Classics. Various documents related to Wrather, Bonita Granville, and the Wrather company are archived at Loyola Marymount University as part of its Center for the Study of Los Angeles collection. Filmography

Movies
 The Guilty (1946)
 High Tide, Perilous Water (1947)
 Strike it Rich (1948)
 Guilty of Treason (1949)
 The Lone Ranger and the Lost City of Gold (1958)
 The Magic of Lassie (1978)
 The Legend of the Lone Ranger (1981)

TV shows
 The Lone Ranger (1949–57)
 Lassie (1957–74)
 Sergeant Preston of the Yukon (1955–58)

References

External links

1918 births
1984 deaths
People from Amarillo, Texas
People from Tyler, Texas
Television producers from Texas
University of Texas at Austin alumni
Deaths from cancer in California
Burials at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City
Businesspeople in the oil industry
American hoteliers
20th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople


title: Ami Bera

texts:
Amerish Babulal "<mask><mask> (; born March 2, 1965) is an American physician and politician serving as the U.S. representative for  since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, his district encompasses most of Sacramento's eastern and southern suburbs, including Elk Grove, Folsom, and Rancho Cordova. Early life, education, and career
<mask>'s father, <mask>, immigrated to the United States from India in 1958. Two years later, <mask> was joined by his wife, Kanta. <mask> was born in Los Angeles and raised in the Orange County city of La Palma. He attended John F. Kennedy High School while living there. <mask>'s parents are from Rajkot, Gujarat, and he can understand Gujarati.<mask> has a bachelor's degree in biological sciences from the University of California, Irvine, also earning his Doctor of Medicine degree there in 1991. From 1997 to 1999 he was the Medical Director of Care Management at the Mercy Healthcare for Sacramento. He served as the chief medical officer for the County of Sacramento and later as the associate dean for admissions at the UC Davis School of Medicine. From 2005 to 2012, he served as a clinical professor at the University of California Davis School of Medicine. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
2010

<mask> challenged three-term Republican incumbent Dan Lungren in the general election for . He ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination. He raised more money than Lungren for the five quarters through mid-2010, making him the only Democratic challenger with more cash than a sitting Republican member of the House.<mask> was one of 17 candidates the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee targeted to take over Republican-held or open seats in 2010. Lungren was the only incumbent Republican whose race was rated a "tossup" by CQ Politics, but it was rerated "Lean GOP" in the campaign's final days, and the race was considered competitive by both parties. Polling by Daily Kos in September showed Lungren leading Bera, 46%–38%. Bera cited health care, education and economic recovery among his top legislative

masks:
Ami
" Bera
Bera
Babulal Bera
Babulal Bera
Ami Bera
Bera
Bera
Bera
Bera


title: Ami Bera

texts:
 priorities. In November, Lungren won reelection, defeating Bera 51%–43%. In 2010, after Bera accepted a $250 donation from Basim Elkarra, Executive Director of the Sacramento chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), the California Republican Party called on him to return the money. Bera returned the money after these concerns were raised.2012

<mask> announced a rematch against Lungren in 2012. The district had been renumbered the 7th district, and made somewhat more compact. It lost all of its territory outside of Sacramento County, making it slightly friendlier to Democrats. On November 13, 2012, Bera attended freshman orientation as congressman-elect while votes were still being counted. Candidates in these tight races sometimes attend the orientation by the Committee on House Administration, whose chairman was <mask>'s opponent, Lungren. On November 15, 2012, the Associated Press called the race for <mask>, who won 51%–49%. 2014
<mask> ran for reelection in 2014, facing former Republican congressman Doug Ose, who had represented what was then the 3rd from 1999 to 2005.The Rothenberg Political Report rated the 7th district "Lean Democratic," but The Sacramento Bee reported that Bera was "viewed by both parties as one of the most vulnerable Democrats in the country." Bera was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline program, designed to support vulnerable candidates. In June 2014, Politico reported that the DCCC planned to support Bera with $1.7 million in ads throughout fall 2014, and the House Majority PAC, a political action committee designed to support Democratic candidates, reserved $200,000 for late-election television ads. The Hill reported that Bera's campaign received donations from parents of another Democratic candidate, Kevin Strouse, only to have <mask>'s parents then donate a similar amount to Strouse's campaign. According to The Philadelphia Inquirer, "The donations appear legal, campaign finance experts say, though two said any agreement among the parents to trade donations

masks: Bera Bera Bera Bera Bera


title: Ami Bera

texts:
 could be viewed as an attempted end run around contribution limits." In May 2016, <mask>'s father, Babulal, pleaded guilty to two felony counts of elections fraud. No Labels co-founder and former George W. Bush advisor Mark McKinnon said of Bera, "He is the most important member of our Problem Solvers—of the entire group.He stepped up immediately as a freshman to take a leadership position. He was out early advocating on our big issues like No Budget, No Pay.”

In response to a poll by the American Sikh Committee to Evaluate Congressional Candidates, <mask> did not answer two questions about the Indian government's part in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in which 8,000 Sikhs were massacred after Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's assassination. Instead, he noted that in 2005, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had publicly apologized to the Sikh community for the government's role. Bera also stated that, while it was a tragedy, he was more focused on the treatment of Sikhs in the U.S. and could not dictate how the Indian government should approach the matter. In response, some members of the Sikh-American community, and some PACs representing them, publicly withdrew their support for Bera. But with the majority of the Sikh-American population coming from outside of Bera's district, the advocates acknowledged that they were unlikely to affect the outcome of the race. On election night, Bera "was down by more than 3,000 votes...but came back to win after all the absentee and mail-in ballots were in."In the end, he won 50.4% of the vote to Ose's 49.6%. 2016

<mask> ran for reelection in 2016. He faced Republican Sacramento County Sheriff Scott Jones in the general election. In January 2016, the Elk Grove-South County Democratic Club, <mask>'s home club, voted against endorsing him, citing concerns with his record on trade and Syrian refugees. <mask>'s 2016 race was "one of the nastiest Congressional races with allegations and insinuations being bandied back and forth" and was also "one of the last two House races in the entire nation yet to be


title: Ami Bera

texts:
 called." As he began his third term, he was joined by three new Indian-American House members: Raja Krishnamoorthi from Illinois, Pramila Jayapal from Washington, and Ro Khanna from California. Silicon Valley entrepreneur M. R. Rangaswami said Bera "was the first Indian American to be in Congress in a long time and now can actually lead a Caucus...able to shepherd Pramila, Raja and Ro and get them going during their freshman year."A coalition of dissatisfied groups prevented <mask> from garnering his party's endorsement in January, but at the state Democratic convention in February, he was endorsed, with 90% of the delegates voting to endorse. During the 2016 campaign <mask>'s father, Babulal <mask>, was sentenced to one year and one day in federal prison, and fined $100,200, for federal campaign finance violations that helped fund two of his sons' campaigns. <mask> narrowly defeated Jones in the general election, with 51% of the vote to Jones's 49%. The margin of victory was 4,802 votes. Since 2016, which saw the election to the House of three other Indian-Americans and to the Senate of the first Indian-American Senator, Kamala Devi Harris, Bera has been described as the "Godfather" of Indian-Americans on Capitol Hill. 2018

In 2018, Bera was reelected, garnering 155,016 votes (55%) and defeating Republican Andrew Grant, a former U.S. Department of State official, who received 126,601 (45%). 2020

In 2020, <mask> was reelected, garnering 217,416 votes (56%) and defeating Republican Buzz Patterson, a retired United States Air Force Lieutenant Colonel who received 166,549 (43%).Tenure
In an interview covered in the Elk Grove Citizen, Bera said his first year in Congress "was about being focused here in the district but also building my reputation in Washington, D.C."

In October 2013, Bera announced that he would give up his federal pay for the duration of the government shutdown. He also announced that in response to sequester cuts, he would donate 8.2% of his check each month to local organizations affected by sequester cuts. In a 2015 op-ed


title: Ami Bera

texts:
 Space and Aeronautics

In February 2017, <mask> was elected ranking member of the House space subcommittee by House Democrats. His district includes a major Aerojet Rocketdyne facility, east of Sacramento. Caucus memberships

 American Sikh Congressional Caucus
 New Democrat Coalition (vice chair of outreach)

 Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
 Climate Solutions Caucus
U.S.-Japan Caucus

Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Janine <mask>, have one child. They reside in Elk Grove, California. In August 2016, <mask>’s father was sentenced to one year and one day in federal prison for organizing a money-laundering scheme that helped fund two of his son’s campaigns. <mask> is one of only two Unitarian Universalists in Congress. Electoral history

https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2018-general/sov/07-summary.pdf
https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/sov/2018-general/sov/07-summary.pdf

See also
 Physicians in the United States Congress
 List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress

References

External links

 Congressman <mask> <mask> official U.S. House website
 <mask> <mask> for Congress

|-

1965 births
20th-century American physicians
20th-century Unitarians
21st-century American politicians
21st-century Unitarians
American politicians of Indian descent
California politicians of Indian descent
American people of Indian descent in health professions
American people of Gujarati descent
American healthcare managers
American Unitarian Universalists
California Democrats
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Gujarati people
Living people
Members of the United States Congress of Indian descent
Members of the United States House of Representatives from California
Asian-American members of the United States House of Representatives
People from Elk Grove, California
People from La Palma, California
Physicians from California
University of California, Irvine alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of

masks: Bera Bera Bera Bera Bera Ami Bera Ami Bera


title: Craig McLachlan

texts:
<mask> (born 1 September 1965) is an Australian actor, musician, singer and composer. He has been involved in film, television, the music industry and music theatre for over 30 years. He is best known for appearing in the soap operas Neighbours and Home and Away and the BBC One spy drama Bugs. He has portrayed the title character in The Doctor Blake Mysteries, for which he was nominated for the Logie Award for Most Popular Actor; he has previously won the award in this category three times. Career

Television
<mask> first appeared on Australian television in a guest role on The Young Doctors. He was cast as Henry Ramsay, brother of Kylie Minogue's character Charlene, in Channel 10's Neighbours. After appearing in more than 800 episodes and winning the Gold Logie Award for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television (1990) and Silver Logie, he was contracted to Seven Network's Home and Away, playing schoolteacher Grant Mitchell.Music
A singer, guitarist and songwriter, McLachlan enjoyed international success in a concurrent pop music career. He had hits in Australia and the UK with a remake of the Bo Diddley song "Mona (I Need You Baby)" and with self-penned songs "Amanda", "One Reason Why" and "On My Own". He toured the UK and Europe with his band Check 1–2. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1991, "Mona", won Highest Selling Single for <mask>lan & Check 1–2. In the following year his single "On My Own" was one of several works by Simon Hussey, who won Producer of the Year. Musicals
In 1993 McLachlan starred as Danny Zuko in the West End revival of the musical Grease alongside Deborah Gibson and Sonia Evans. In his stage musical career he starred as Frank-N-Furter in The Rocky Horror Show, Caractacus Pott in Chitty Chitty Bang

masks:
Craig Dougall McLachlan
Craig McLachlan
Craig McLach


title: Craig McLachlan

texts:
 originally screened on ABC Television in 2013 and 2014. In 2013, <mask> was again cast as Frank-N-Furter in a revival of The Rocky Horror Show touring Australia in 2014. In December 2014, McLachlan revealed that he was unable to return to Neighbours for the show's 30th anniversary celebrations owing to scheduling conflicts and his involvement in The Doctor Blake Mysteries. However, McLachlan agreed to take part in the documentary special Neighbours 30th: The Stars Reunite, which aired in Australia and the UK in March 2015.In 2016, McLachlan appeared in the sci-fi thriller Restoration, playing Andrew Majury. McLachlan also had a recurring role in the Channel 10 dramedy The Wrong Girl alongside Jessica Marais. Sexual harassment allegations

During The Rocky Horror Show
On 8 January 2018, a joint investigation by Fairfax Media and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) reported that McLachlan had been accused of sexual harassment by several actresses during his performing career. Three actresses from the 2014 Australian production of The Rocky Horror Show — Christie Whelan Browne, Erika Heynatz and Angela Scundi — made allegations against McLachlan. He responded, "Frankly, they seem to be simple inventions, perhaps made for financial reasons, perhaps to gain notoriety. In either event, they are to the best of my knowledge utterly and entirely false." McLachlan subsequently left the 2018 production of The Rocky Horror Show.Victoria Police announced they were investigating complaints from two of the women. McLachlan filed defamation suits against the ABC and Fairfax Media in February 2018; he also named Whelan Browne in a defamation suit. Producers of The Doctor Blake Mysteries announced that production would be


title: Craig McLachlan

texts:
 "manipulated" McLachlan's accusers when it interviewed the women in 2018.The program showed ABC journalists (off camera) appearing to coach the accusers by offering specific words and phases for them to say in their interview, such as "predatory" and "power imbalance". The ABC rejected those claims. McLachlan is suing the ABC and Nine newspapers over media reports of the 2014 Rocky Horror Show tour allegations for which he was tried and acquitted. Further allegations
On 15 May 2021, fresh allegations were made about the actor's behaviour, including from Jeanne Downs, a former UK television star who accused the actor of groping her live while a guest on her popular children's show in 1990. Personal life
McLachlan's partner is opera conductor, Vanessa Scammell, whom he met in 2009. He has a child from his relationship with British actress and voice artist Charlotte Avery. McLachlan was briefly married to Karen Williams () with whom he had attended the same secondary school, and he was subsequently married to Neighbours actress Rachel Friend (1998–99).Awards

ARIA Awards

Discography

Studio albums

Musical albums

Singles

Videos
<mask>achlan & Check 1–2: The Video (featured an interview and the video clips for "Mona", "Amanda", "Rock the Rock" and "I Almost Felt Like Crying") (1990)

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

1965 births
ARIA Award winners
Australian male film actors
Australian pop singers
Australian rock singers
Australian male stage actors
Australian male television actors
Gold Logie winners
Helpmann Award winners
Living people
People acquitted of sex crimes
People from Sydney
20th-century Australian male actors
20th-century Australian male singers
21st-century Australian male actors
CBS


title: Oliver Schnyder

texts:
<mask> (born October 3, 1973 in Brugg, Switzerland) is a Swiss classical pianist. Education
<mask> studied with Emmy Henz-Diémand (taking his teaching and concert diploma of the Swiss Music Pedagogic Association SMPA in 1994), then studied in the master class of Homero Francesch at the Zurich University of the Arts, taking his soloist diploma in 1998. He thereafter studied briefly with Ruth Laredo at the Manhattan School of Music in New York (1998) and from 1998 to 2001 in the class of Leon Fleisher in Baltimore (taking his Graduate Performance Diploma in 2001). Career
Since his debut recital in the year 2000 at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C. and his solo debut in 2002 with Zurich Tonhalle Orchestra conducted by David Zinman on the occasion of the Orpheum Music Festival for the Advancement of Young Soloists in Zurich (today: Orpheum – Young Soloists on Stage), <mask> has embarked on a global concert career. Schnyder has also performed at numerous international festivals, such as at the Ruhr Piano Festival (2000), the Schwetzingen Festival (2007, 2013), the Menuhin Festival Gstaad (2008, 2010, 2017), the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Festival (2008), the Boswil Music Summer (Festival Artist 2008), the Ernen Music Village (2009, 2014, 2019), the Lugano Festival (2010, 2015), the Lucerne

masks:
Oliver Schnyder
Oliver Schnyder
Oliver Schnyder


title: Oliver Schnyder

texts: 2005), the Israel Sinfonietta (2008) and the Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra (2018). Further renowned conductors with whom Schnyder has performed include Howard Griffiths, Muhai Tang, Sir Roger Norrington (Tour with the Zurich Chamber Orchestra in 2016), Michail Jurowski (Korean Symphony Orchestra 2018), Howard Arman, James Gaffigan (Lucerne Symphony Orchestra, complete cycle of the Beethoven Piano Concertos 2017) and Ivor Bolton (Basel Symphony Orchestra 2017, 2018).<mask> is the pianist of the Oliver Schnyder Trio, which he founded in 2012 together with violinist Andreas Janke and cellist Benjamin Nyffenegger. The Trio gave its debut in the Zurich Tonhalle on February 4, 2012 with Schubert's Piano Trio No. 2 in E-flat major. Other chamber music partners include Julia Fischer, Nils Mönkemeyer, Sol Gabetta, Heinz Holliger, Antje Weithaas, Daniel Behle, Benjamin Appl, Regula Mühlemann, Lia Pale, Rachel Harnisch, Veronika Eberle, Marc Bouchkov, Vilde Frang, Alexander Sitkovetsky, Lars Anders Tomter, Jens Peter Maintz, Wolfram Christ, Christian Poltéra, Alina Pogostkina, Henning Kraggerud, Martin Grubinger, the Endellion String Quartet, the Carmina Quartet, the Gringolts Quartet and many more. <mask>'s concerts have been broadcast by national public radio stations all over Europe and in the United States. Cultural

masks:
Oliver Schnyder
Oliver Schnyder


title: Oliver Schnyder

texts:
 involvement
<mask> is the founder and artistic director of Piano District<ref>[http://www.pianodistrict.ch Website of Piano District]</ref> (together with cultural manager Thomas Pfiffner), which brings top-class pianists to the "Druckerei" (a former printing plant) in his hometown Baden. Since 2013, pianists such as Radu Lupu, Emanuel Ax, Mikhail Pletnev, Fazıl Say, Kit Armstrong, Yulianna Avdeeva, Angela Hewitt, Stephen Kovacevich, Christian Zacharias, Jan Lisiecki, Dmitry Masleev, Philippe Entremont, Paul Badura-Skoda, Janina Fialkowska and Richard Goode have performed on the stage of Piano District, as well as piano duos such as Tal & Groethuysen, and Anderson & Roe.Schnyder has been guest artistic director of the Ittingen Whitsun Concerts 2016 (founded by András Schiff and Heinz Holliger), and 2018/2019 artistic director of the Davos Festival – Young Artists in Concert. In 2018, <mask>er and his wife Fränzi Frick have been appointed artistic directors of the festival Lenzburgiade Classic & Folk International. by the Opernwelt (Winterreisen, 2015), by the Rondo Magazine (Recommendation of the week for the Brahms Piano Trios, 2014), by the Aargauer Zeitung (Best Swiss Classical Album of the year 2014 for the Brahms Trios and Best Swiss Classical Album of the year 2013 for the Schubert Trios), by NDR Kultur (CD of the

masks:
Oliver Schnyder
Oliver Schnyd


title: Oliver Schnyder

texts:
 week for the Mendelssohn Piano Concertos, 2013, and CD of the day for Schumann Piano Works, 2010), by the Kulturspiegel (former supplement of Der Spiegel, classification of the Haydn Piano Concertos as part of the series "The best good Classical CD", 2013), of the  Fono Forum (for Liszt Années de pèlerinage, 2012), of ClassicFM (CD of the week for the Haydn Piano Concertos, 2012) and of rbb Kulturradio (CD of the week for the Beethoven Project, Complete Concertos and Overtures, 2017, and the Haydn Piano Concertos, 2012). Discography
 Bruch: Concerto for two pianos and orchestra op. 88a. <mask>, Julia Kociuban (piano). Vienna Radio Symphony Orchestra, Howard Griffiths.Sony Classical, 2019
 Fauré: The Secret Fauré II. <mask> (piano), Basel Symphony Orchestra, Ivor Bolton. Sony Classical, 2019
 My favourite Christmas Carrols. Oliver Schnyder Trio & Friends. Daniel Behle (tenor). Sony Classical 2018
 Beethoven: The Beethoven Project. Complete Piano Concertos and Ouvertures.<mask>, Lucerne Symphony Orchestra, James Gaffigan. Sony Classical, 2017
 Beethoven: The Piano Trios. <mask>hnyder Trio. Sony Classical, 2017
 Mein Hamburg. Oliver Schnyder Trio, Daniel Behle (tenor). Berlin Classics (Edel), 2016
 Brahms: Piano Trios No. 1, B major, op.8 (First and Revised Version), No. 2, C major, op. 87, No. 3, C minor, op. 101.

masks:
Oliver Schnyder
Oliver Schnyder
Oliver Schnyder
Oliver Sc


title: Oliver Schnyder

texts:
 <mask>hnyder Trio. RCA Red Seal (Sony), 2014
 Schubert: Winterreise(n), D. 911 (Original Version and Version with Piano Trio).Oliver Schnyder Trio. With Daniel Behle (tenor). Sony Classical, 2014 (2 CD)
 Haydn: Piano Concertos F major, Hob. XVIII:3, G major, Hob. XVIII:4 and D major, Hob. XVIII:11. With Academy of Saint Martin in the Fields conducted by Andrew Watkinson.RCA Red Seal (Sony), 2012, and in the series "The best good classical CD" in Kulturspiegel (former supplement of Der Spiegel), 2013
 Schubert: Piano Trios No. 2, E-flat major, D. 929, op. 100 and No. 1, B major, D. 898, op. 99; Der Hirt auf dem Felsen, D. 965, op. 129; Ständchen (from Schwanengesang, D. 957). Oliver Schnyder Trio.RCA Red Seal (Sony), 2013 (2 CD)
 Mendelssohn: Piano Concertos No. 1, G minor, op. 25 and No. 2, D minor, op. 40; Concerto for Piano and Strings, A minor, MWV O 2. With Orchestra Musikkollegium Winterthur conducted by Douglas Boyd. RCA Red Seal (Sony), 2013
 Richard Strauss: Lieder.With Daniel Behle (tenor). Capriccio, 2012
 Generation. Songs of Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Brahms. With Renate (mezzo-soprano) and Daniel Behle (tenor). Capriccio, 2012
 Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Première année: Suisse. Werke, Malédiction, for Piano and Strings, S. 121.With Andreas Janke, Yi-Chen Lin, Cosemin Banica, Cathrin Kudelka (violin),


title: Oliver Schnyder

texts:
 Wedding Cake, op. 76. With Aargau Symphony Orchestra (today: argovia philharmonic, conducted by Douglas Bostock. ClassicO, 2004
 Piano works. Fauré: Nocturne No.1, E-flat minor, op. 33, No. 1, Impromptus No. 2, F minor, op. 31 and No. 3, A-flat, op. 34; Debussy: Estampes; Mussorgsky: Pictures at an Exhibition.Art Unity, 2002
 Ringger: Aria amarosa (with Copenhagen Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Okko Kamu), The Golden Heat of Midday (with Orchestra Musikkollegium Winterthur conducted by Heinrich Schiff), "Feuillages" for String Quartet (with Carmina Quartet), Klavierstücke. Musiques Suisses (Migros), 2001
 Piano works.'' Brahms: Sonata No. 3, F minor, op. 5; Mendelssohn: Variations sérieuses, op. 54; Schubert: Sonata, A major, D. 664, op. 120.Art Unity, 2001

References

External links
 Website of <mask>er
 Website of the <mask>hnyder Trio

Swiss classical pianists
1973 births
Living people
People from Brugg
Zurich University of the Arts alumni
Manhattan School of Music alumni
21st-century classical

masks:
Oliver Schnyd
Oliver Sc


title: Sara Roosevelt

texts:
<mask> (September 21, 1854 – September 7, 1941) was the second wife of <mask> (from 1880), the mother of President of the United States <mask>, her only child, and subsequently the mother-in-law of <mask>. Delano grew up in Newburgh, New York, and spent three years in Hong Kong. She gave birth to Franklin in 1882, and was a devoted mother to him for the remainder of her life, including home schooling and living close by in adulthood. She had a complex relationship with her daughter-in-law Eleanor, which has led to media portrayals of her as a domineering and fearsome mother-in-law, though these are at odds with other views. She died in 1941, with her son, then the President, at her side. Childhood
<mask> was born at the Delano Estate in the town of Newburgh, New York, to Warren Delano Jr. and Catherine Robbins Lyman. She had ten siblings, two of whom died as small children.Three more died in their twenties. In 1862, <mask>, her mother Catherine, and six brothers and sisters traveled to Hong Kong on the clipper ship Surprise, where they joined Warren Delano who had resumed his business of trading in opium, then still legal. On board ship, <mask> enjoyed spending time in the sailmaker's loft listening to the sailmaker tell sea stories. Her brother Fred discovered Catherine's journal of the voyage many years later, in 1928. In 1865, she moved with her family back to Newburgh. She was educated at home, aside from a brief period in a girls' school in Dresden, Germany in 1876. Delano was described as 5'10" (178 cm), and an intelligent debutante beauty in her youth.She was also known for her sense of purpose that many young women of her age and class lacked at the time. Family
After many suitors, <mask> married <mask> I, who was 26 years her senior, in 1880. Two years later, she gave birth to a son, Franklin Delano <mask>, on January 30, 1882. After the birth of her son, doctors advised <mask> not to have any more children, and thus the young Franklin became the

masks:
Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt
James Roosevelt I
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt
Sara Delano
Sara
Sara
Sara
James Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Sara


title: Sara Roosevelt

texts: focus of her attention. Many wealthy parents of this time period relied on servants to care for their children, but not <mask>. She taught Franklin reading and geography, and employed tutors rather than sending him to a conventional school. After the death of her husband in 1900, she temporarily moved to Boston, Massachusetts to be close to her son who was then studying at Harvard University.<mask> did not approve of many of the women that her son courted. When Franklin fell in love with his distant cousin, <mask>, <mask> was determined to change his mind. She tried to coerce him out of the engagement, but with no luck, she insisted that her son keep his arrangement a secret for over a year. <mask> was heavily involved in the lives of Eleanor and Franklin's children. She often offered advice on how to raise them, and frequently undermined the couple's disciplinary skills by spoiling her grandchildren. Eleanor often relied on <mask>'s direction to make her feel more secure in her role of being a mother. Though <mask> became known popularly as a stereotypical domineering mother-in-law after being portrayed as much in the film Sunrise at Campobello, her actual relationship with Eleanor was much more complex.The pair grew close during the early years of the marriage as Eleanor's mother had died when she was young, and she used <mask> as a surrogate mother to discuss issues. She supported Eleanor after she discovered Franklin's affair with Lucy Mercer, which put the marriage close to collapse. However, the relationship began to be more distant after Eleanor became more heavily involved in politics and activism. <mask> never had a home of his own that was separate from that of his mother's. In 1906, <mask> commissioned a pair of houses to be built at E 65 Street, New York City, as a wedding present for Franklin and his wife, Eleanor, on the strict condition that she could move in next to them. She oversaw a series of connecting doors between the houses, allowing

masks:
Sara
Sara
Eleanor Roosevelt
Sara
Sara
Sara
Sara
Sara
Franklin Roosevelt
Roosevelt


title: Sara Roosevelt

texts:
 her access to the drawing room and children's bedrooms in the neighboring property. Her son and daughter-in-law moved out after Franklin took office in the White House in 1933.She lived to see Franklin elected President of the United States three times, becoming the first presidential mother to vote for her son. <mask> continued to support her son's career, even standing in as First Lady on several occasions. She was always prepared to say something positive about her son, and remained highly protective of him and his family. Death
<mask> <mask> died on September 7, 1941, with the President at her side, two weeks before her 87th birthday. "Minutes after her death, the largest oak tree at Hyde Park toppled to the ground. It was a clear windless day." The funeral was held at Springwood.The President can be seen wearing a black mourning band on his arm in photographs of him later signing the declaration of war against Japan. His mother's memory is commemorated with the Sara Delano Roosevelt Park in New York City's Lower East Side, which was dedicated during her lifetime, in 1934. She was buried next to her husband at the churchyard at St. James Episcopal Church in Hyde Park. In 2003, the City University of New York announced they would restore <mask>'s former home, now known as the <mask> Delano Roosevelt Memorial House, on 47 East 65th Street, where she lived from 1908 until her death. See also
Delano family

References
Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links

 China voyage of young <mask> <mask> on clipper ship Surprise with six siblings
 The President wearing a mourning band after his mother's death, December 10, 1941: http://docs.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/images/decwars.jpg

1854 births
1941 deaths
American expatriates in Hong Kong
American people of English descent
American people of French descent
Delano family
Mothers of presidents of the United States
New York (state) Democrats
People from Hyde Park, New York
People from Newburgh, New

masks:
Sara
Sara Delano
Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Sara
Sara Delano
Roosevelt


title: Asher Wojciechowski

texts:
<mask> ( ; born December 21, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher in the Seattle Mariners organization. He made his MLB debut in 2015. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Houston Astros, Cincinnati Reds, Baltimore Orioles, and New York Yankees. Early life
<mask> was born in Hardeeville, South Carolina. In his younger years, he lived in Pensacola, Florida, Sturgis, Michigan, and the Dominican Republic. The Wojciechowskis moved to Romania when <mask> was nine. Living abroad, he played soccer, and joined Little League Baseball when it expanded to Bucharest when he was 11.The team played in a tournament similar to the Little League World Series in Poland. After living in Romania for three years, the family moved to Sturgis, Michigan. Wojciechowski attended Sturgis High School, where he played for the school's baseball team. He also played high school football for one season. The family moved to South Carolina for <mask>'s senior year of high school, so that he could attract more attention from scouts. Wojciechowski attended Beaufort High School in Beaufort, South Carolina, for his senior year of high school. After graduating from high school, Wojciechowski then enrolled at The Citadel, choosing it over Winthrop University.He competed for the United States national baseball team in the summer of 2009. In 2010, he was named the Southern Conference's pitcher of the year. Professional career

Toronto Blue Jays
The Toronto Blue Jays selected <mask> in the first round, with the 41st overall selection, of the 2010 Major League Baseball draft. He received an $815,000 signing bonus, and made his professional debut with the Auburn Doubledays of the Class A-Short Season New York–Penn League. In 2011,

masks:
Randall Asher Wojciechowski
Wojciechowski
Asher
Asher
Wojciechowski


title: Asher Wojciechowski

texts:
 Wojciechowski played for the Dunedin Blue Jays of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League. The Blue Jays assigned Wojciechowski to Dunedin in 2012. Houston Astros

The Blue Jays later traded Wojciechowski, along with Ben Francisco, Francisco Cordero, David Rollins, Joe Musgrove, Carlos Pérez, and a player to be named later (Kevin Comer) to the Houston Astros on July 20, 2012, in exchange for J.A. Happ, Brandon Lyon, and David Carpenter. Houston assigned <mask> to the Corpus Christi Hooks of the Class AA Texas League. He started the 2013 season in Corpus Christi, but received a midseason promotion to the Oklahoma City RedHawks of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. He was added to the 40-man roster on November 20, 2013. Before spring training began in 2014, Wojciechowski strained a lateral muscle. While recuperating in May, his return was delayed when he strained his forearm. He returned to Oklahoma City in June.<mask> began the 2015 season in the Astros' starting rotation. He made 5 appearances for the Astros in the 2015 season, 3 of which were starts, and pitched to a 0–1 record, 7.16 ERA, and 16 strikeouts in 16 innings. He was designated for assignment on May 17, 2016. Miami Marlins
On May 24, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Miami Marlins. <mask> was designated for assignment on July 16, 2016. He elected free agency on November 7, 2016. Arizona Diamondbacks
On December 12, 2016, Wojciechowski signed a minor league contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks.The Diamondbacks released him towards the end of spring training in 2017. Cincinnati Reds
On April 20, 2017, Wojciechowski signed a minor league contract with the Cincinnati Reds. He began the season with the Louisville Bats of the Class AAA International League.

masks: Wojciechowski Wojciechowski Wojciechowski Wojciechowski


title: Asher Wojciechowski

texts:
 On May 20, 2017, the Reds selected Wojciechowski's contract. <mask> earned his first MLB win that day over the Colorado Rockies. Wojciechowski pitched  innings while allowing one hit and striking out three. He elected free agency on October 6, 2017.He would appear in 25 games for the Reds that season, collecting 6 wins against 4 losses. His E.R.A was 6.50, while appearing as both a starting pitcher and relief pitcher. Baltimore Orioles
On December 1, 2017, Wojciechowski signed a minor league contract with the Baltimore Orioles. He was assigned to the Norfolk Tides of the International League for the 2018 season. On July 18, Wojciechowski opted-out of his contract and became a free agent. Chicago White Sox
On July 25, 2018, Wojciechowski signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox, and was assigned to the team's Triple-A affiliate Charlotte Knights. He elected free agency on November 2, 2018.Cleveland Indians
Wojciechowski signed a minor league contract with the Cleveland Indians on February 14, 2019. The deal included an invitation to the Indians' major league spring training camp. Wojciechowski spent the first half of the 2019 season with the Columbus Clippers, going 8–2 with a 3.61 ERA in 15 starts. Baltimore Orioles (second stint)
<mask> returned to the Orioles in a cash transaction with the Indians on July 1, 2019 and was assigned back to the Tides. On July 2, the Orioles selected his contract and promoted him to the major league roster. Starting 16 of 17 pitching appearances, he had a 4–8 record with a 4.92 ERA and 1.312 WHIP. On September 17, 2020, the Orioles designated Wojciechowski for assignment.On October 14, 2020, Wojciechowski elected free agency. New York Yankees
On January 21, 2021,

masks: Wojciechowski Wojciechowski


title: Asher Wojciechowski

texts:
 Wojciechowski signed a minor league contract with the New York Yankees organization and was invited to spring training. Wojciechowski left a spring training outing with lat discomfort, and missed the first month of the minor league season before making his season debut with the Triple-A Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders in June. On July 21, the Yankees selected <mask> to the majors to start against the Philadelphia Phillies. In his only start for the Yankees, Wojciechowski pitched 4 innings, gave up 2 runs, and struck out 4 batters. He was designated for assignment the following day. On July 24, Wojciechowski was outrighted to Triple-A Scranton, but rejected the assignment and elected free agency.Seattle Mariners

On July 29, 2021 Wojciechowski signed a minor league contract with the Seattle Mariners. Pitching style
His repertoire includes a fastball around , a slider in the low to mid 80s, and an occasional changeup and curveball. Personal life
Wojciechowski is married to his wife, Alanna. References

External links

1988 births
Living people
People from Hardeeville, South Carolina
Baseball players from South Carolina
Major League Baseball pitchers
Houston Astros players
Cincinnati Reds players
Baltimore Orioles players
New York Yankees players
The Citadel Bulldogs baseball players
Auburn Doubledays players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
Corpus Christi Hooks players
Oklahoma City RedHawks players
American expatriate sportspeople in Romania
American expatriates in the Dominican Republic
Fresno Grizzlies players
Jacksonville Suns players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
Louisville Bats players
People from Sturgis, Michigan
Norfolk Tides players
Charlotte Knights players
Columbus Clippers players
Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders


title: Fred W. Green

texts:
<mask> (October 19, 1871November 30, 1936) was an American politician who served as the 31st governor of Michigan from 1927 to 1931, and he was the mayor of Ionia, Michigan, from 1913 to 1916. Active in athletics during his time as a student at Michigan State Normal School (now Eastern Michigan University), and at the University of Michigan, <mask> earned a varsity letter playing for the Michigan State Normal football team in 1895 and is credited as the team's head coach during the 1896 season in which they were declared champions of the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association. <mask> served as a delegate to the 1932 and 1936 Republican National Conventions. Early life

Education and athletics
<mask> was born in Manistee, Michigan, and grew up in Cadillac, son of <mask> and his wife <mask> (née Clark). His education was attained in Ypsilanti at Michigan State Normal School (now Eastern Michigan University), where he graduated in 1893, and at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he earned a law degree in 1898. When Michigan State Normal joined the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association in 1892, <mask> was selected as the school's first representative to the athletic conference. From 1893 to 1895, <mask> worked as a reporter in Ypsilanti.During this time, he continued his involvement in Michigan State Normal athletics, serving as Manager of Foot Ball for the Normal Athletic Association during the first term of 1893–94 academic year and as Director of Sports during the second term. In 1895, <mask> earned a varsity letter as a member of the Michigan State Normal football team. The following year, in 1896, he coached the football team to a 4–1 record. Michigan Normal was named the Michigan Intercollegiate Athletic Association champions that season with a record of 2–0 in the conference. The team's sole loss came against the University of Michigan football team, the only team that scored against the Normalites that season. While a student at Michigan, <mask> was the Class Athletic Manager during the 1897–98 academic year. Head coaching record

Military service and legal work
<mask> served in the U.S. Army during the

masks:
Fred Warren Green
Green
Green
Green
Holden Nathaniel Green
Adaline Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green


title: Fred W. Green

texts:
 Spanish–American War.He was a first lieutenant in the 31st Michigan Volunteer Infantry and later was promoted to battalion adjutant. After the war, he returned to Ypsilanti as the city attorney, as well as attorney for the Ypsilanti Reed Furniture Company, a business he later owned in a partnership. His furniture company in Ionia was "one of the largest industries of its kind in the country". Politics
In 1904, he moved the business to Ionia, Michigan. He was a delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan in 1912, where U.S. President <mask> Taft was renominated. <mask> served as mayor of Ionia from 1913 to 1916 and was instrumental in the establishing the Ionia Free Fair in 1915, which, at one time, was the world's largest free admission event of its kind. From 1915 to 1919, he was treasurer of the Michigan Republican Party.In 1920, he was a delegate to the Republican National Convention that nominated <mask>. Harding for president. On November 2, 1926, <mask> was elected governor of Michigan. He was re-elected to a second two-year term in 1928. On May 18, 1927, the afternoon of the Bath School disaster, <mask> assisted in the relief work, carting bricks away from the scene. In 1928, he served as a delegate to the RNC which nominated Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover for president. Howard C. Lawrence was <mask>'s secretary and business partner. During his administration, <mask> expanded a fish planting program and took part in the acquisition of seven state parks.He initiated a comprehensive budget system, authorized a new code of criminal practices, secured appropriations for a state hospital building program, and improved workmen's compensation. The <mask> administration was notably important in modernizing Michigan's highways. He is touted as the "inventor of the no passing lane", which was adopted as an important safety improvement throughout the country. He was also an early proponent of the Mackinac Bridge. On October 22, 1927, Governor <mask> participated in the dedication of the new University of Michigan Football Stadium: "Michigan Governor <mask><mask> and his Ohio counterpart Vince Donahey, and Presidents

masks:
William Howard
Green
Warren G
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Fred W
. Green


title: Fred W. Green

texts:
 C. C. Little of Michigan and George W. Rightmire of Ohio, led the massed bands of the two universities onto the field from the east tunnel. The bands paraded to the flag pole where the national ensign was raised and the vast throng stood bareheaded during the playing of the 'Star Spangled Banner' and 'The Yellow and Blue. In 1927, he appointed Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg, who was editor of the Grand Rapids Herald, to the U.S. Senate to replace as the late Senator <mask> N. Ferris.He chose Vandenberg only when pressured to do so by the state Republican organization. In 1928, <mask>'s campaign created the slogan "Keep Michigan Green" as a part of a fire prevention program. Retirement and death
After leaving office, <mask> returned to his favorite pastime of hunting and fishing. In 1932, <mask> served as a delegate to the RNC which nominated Herbert Hoover for re-election, who was defeated by Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1936, he again served as a delegate to the RNC which nominated Alf Landon for president, who was also unsuccessful at unseating Roosevelt. He was a Presbyterian and a member of the Freemasons, Elks and Rotary. <mask> died in Munising Hospital in Munising, Michigan, on November 30, 1936, ten days after suffering a heart attack while on a deer hunting trip.He is entombed in a mausoleum at the Highland Park Cemetery in Ionia, Michigan. His accumulated papers, two linear feet and five volumes, are at the Bentley Historical Library at the University of Michigan. References

Further reading
. External links
 Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: <mask>, E to F

1871 births
1936 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Governors of Michigan
Mayors of places in Michigan
Michigan lawyers
Burials in Michigan
United States Army officers
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
Eastern Michigan Eagles football coaches
Eastern Michigan Eagles football players
University of Michigan Law School alumni
American Presbyterians
People from Ionia, Michigan
People from Cadillac, Michigan
People from Manistee, Michigan
Republican Party state governors of the United States
Michigan Republicans
Military personnel from

masks:
Woodbridge
Green
Green
Green
Fred Green
Green


title: Peter Britt

texts:
<mask> (Obstalden, Canton of Glarus, Switzerland 12 March 1819 - Jacksonville, Oregon, 3 October 1905) was a Swiss portrait painter and American pioneer photographer, meteorologist, accomplished horticulturist, an early settler and developer in the Rogue Valley of the Oregon Territory. Britt is considered as one of the Pacific Northwest's most celebrated photographers, as well as the "father of the grape industry" in Southern Oregon. His photos of Crater Lake were instrumental in creation of the Crater Lake National Park in 1902. Biography

When <mask> was born in the town of Obstalden in the Swiss canton of Glarus, his family farmed land that had been in the family for centuries. Earning a living there as an itinerant portrait artist was difficult, but <mask> pursued this until 1845, when he immigrated to the United States with his father <mask>, his brother Kaspar, and Kaspar's family. They settled with other Swiss emigres in Highland, Illinois. Portrait artists of the time were faced with competition from daguerreotype photographers, so Britt studied this new technology with John H. Fitzgibbon in St. Louis.Although Britt apparently opened his own studio in Highland in 1847 and operated it for five years, however no records to support that claim were ever located. Perhaps gold fever, or just wanderlust, took <mask> from Illinois to Oregon in 1852, following the completion of his naturalization process. Britt left Illinois with John Hug and two other Swiss men heading west on the Oregon Trail. Britt was elected captain of the wagon train, John was the wagon master, and the group made it to Grande Ronde Valley before the men insisted on no longer dealing with Britt's 300 pounds of photographic equipment. John Hug split the wagon train into two halves. At The Dalles, Oregon, John Hug and Britt chose an overland route to Portland, while the other two men chose the Columbia River route and arrived in Portland, Oregon, just 24 hours later. Finally, Britt, hearing news of

masks:
Peter Britt
Peter Britt
Peter
Jacob Kaspar Britt
Peter Britt


title: Peter Britt

texts:
 the gold mining strike in Table Rock City (now Jacksonville, Oregon), left Portland alone for southern Oregon.According to Alan Clark Miller, he arrived to the gold-mining camp of Jacksonville with the two-wheeled cart, a yoke of oxen, a mule, and five dollars in his pocket. Britt built a log cabin in Jacksonville in November 1852, on land where he lived for the rest of his life. This log cabin no longer exists, but Southern Oregon University archeologists have recently determined the site of the cabin. Although <mask> brought his photographic equipment all the way from Illinois to Oregon for a photo studio, he first tried gold mining and mule packing in order to earn a living. Altogether, Britt was successful enough to send money back to his brother Kaspar in Illinois, build a frame house in 1854, give up the dangerous mule packing business in 1856 to concentrate on his photography business, and expand his home in 1859. According to Alan Clark Miller, Britt knew his future wife, Amalia Grob, in Switzerland, but her father would not allow them to marry because <mask>'s occupation as an itinerant artist was too tenuous. Instead, Amalia married a relative, Kaspar Grob.<mask>'s brother Kaspar did marry Amalia's sister, though. When Mr. Grob died in 1861, Kaspar <mask> contacted <mask>. Miller states that <mask> immediately sent Amalia funds to return to Switzerland if she wished, or to travel to Oregon and marry him. With her young son Jacob, Amalia traveled to New Orleans and around Cape Horn to San Francisco, then by steamer to Crescent City and finally by stage to the Applegate stop. <mask> met her there and they were married. Prior to Amalia's death in 1871, she and <mask> had three children of their own, Emil, Arnold (who died as an infant) and Amalia Dorothea, known as Mollie. Emil, who also became a photographer, and Mollie remained in the Britt home their entire lives.Photography

In 1856, Britt decided to pursue photographic trade as the main line in business

masks:
Peter Britt
Peter Britt
Britt
Britt
Peter
Peter
Peter Britt
Peter


title: Peter Britt

texts:
 and opened a photography studio, P. Britt’s Photograph and Daguerreotype Room, in Jacksonville. Soon, he established himself in the southwestern Oregon and northern California area as a skillful professional, best known for his photo portraits. Among his subjects were local prominent citizens, farmers, miners, Chinese workers, and Native Americans. Until 1858 Britt could take only daguerreotypes or ambrotypes, processes that provided only the photo, no negatives or extra prints. About 200 of his daguerreotypes survive. Britt's first wet plate negative was taken of a trapper who agreed to sit for Britt's experiment. In the 1860s Britt purchased a stereo camera, which led to his development as an outdoor photographer as well as a gallery photographer.At this point he set up the traveling studio he called The Pain, a pun on Bain Wagon Company, which manufactured his wagon. Although Britt traveled only within  of Jacksonville, this provided opportunities to photograph the Oregon Coast, the Redwood Empire, the Siskiyou Mountains, the Rogue and Klamath rivers, and the deserts and lava beds east of the Cascades. <mask> is often remembered as the person who took the first successful photograph of Crater Lake. He did so in 1874, after his attempts in 1868 and 1869 had failed. His photos helped William Gladstone Steel persuade Congress to create Crater Lake National Park in 1902. Britt also painted Crater Lake. Many of <mask>'s dry plate negatives, and those of his son Emil, are archived at the Southern Oregon Historical Society Research Library in Medford, Oregon.They are owned by Southern Oregon University. Images of many Britt prints may be viewed online. Painting

<mask> began his career as an artist in Switzerland. Although he may have been primarily interested in painting nature studies and landscapes, he earned an income by painting portraits in Switzerland, Germany and possibly France. Once in the United States, Britt also painted portraits on commission, including one

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Peter Britt


title: Peter Britt

texts:
 of Col. George Davenport completed just before Davenport was murdered by river pirates on July 4, 1845. This portrait, considered as "the foremost example of <mask>t's portrait skill", now belongs to the Figge Art Museum. Since paints and canvases were difficult to obtain due to the lack of funds, Britt apparently ground minerals and mixed them with oil and pigments, and wove his own canvases from flax grown on the family farm.Britt returned to painting in his later years. He painted remembered views of Switzerland, portraits of Britt family members and Oregon scenes such as Crater Lake and Mill Creek Falls. Other pursuits

Long before he established Oregon's first winery, Valley View Vineyard, <mask>t grew grapes and sold wine in Jacksonville. By 1880 he produced  of wine per year, and eventually filled orders from as far away as Wyoming. Britt also produced and sold honey, peaches, apples and pears. Britt is known as the father of the southern Oregon fruit industry. He irrigated his property as early as 1855 and used smudging to fight frost.As an avid horticulturalist, Britt imported plants from "most of the civilized world." He particularly enjoyed growing semi-tropical plants, including palm trees, an Abyssinian banana tree, Smyrna figs and Japanese persimmons. The plants, unsuited to southern Oregon's climate, required exceptional care and in some cases a solarium. In September 1903, Professor A. B. Cordley and Professor E. R. Lake, of the Oregon Agricultural College at Corvallis, while in Jacksonville for the fruit-growers convention paid a visit to Britt's home and examined the park about the house and his collection of trees, shrubs, and flowers. In addition to obtaining land for his orchards, gardens and vineyard, Britt invested in land farmed by tenant farmers, and held deeds to over . Britt also made money by making loans secured by land, and unsecured personal loans.Miller indicates Britt was a reasonable, perhaps even generous, landlord and lender. Britt

masks:
Peter Brit
Peter Brit


title: Peter Britt

texts:
 also dealt fairly with Chinese miners, lending them grubstakes until he finally hung a sign "No More Money to Loan", but still provided shacks on his property to Chinese laborers who mined gold on his land. <mask> and later his son Emil devoted significant time to at least one endeavor, weather reporting, that netted no income. Notes in Britt's diary began in 1859, when he used a pocket sundial and a homemade rain gauge. From 1870 to 1891, Britt reported weather to the Signal Corps Weather Service, using their equipment. <mask> reported to the Weather Bureau for another 58 years. Civic duties

<mask> was a civic leader in his community.He served on the Jacksonville City Council twice, and on various committees. He belonged to at least four German American organizations, The Turnverein, Jacksonville Harmonie; Improved Order of Red Men, and Eintracht, a German Swiss mutual aid group. Britt handled correspondence for Eintracht, found work for young emigrants, and provided occasional lodging for travelers. After one member, Frederich Ruch, and his wife committed suicide, <mask> became guardian for their three sons. Britt did not participate in Jacksonville's religious community, although his children were baptized by Moses Williams, the first Presbyterian minister in Southern Oregon, and remained Presbyterians throughout their lives. <mask> was a follower of Robert Ingersoll, an agnostic. Britt served as vice president of the Oregon State Secular Union and helped establish the now defunct Liberal University at Silverton, Oregon, in 1896.Legacy

Britt made lasting contributions to the industry and culture of the Rogue Valley. His artistic legacy includes multiple photographs, and close to 800 of them are preserved by the Southern Oregon University and the Southern Oregon Historical Society. The Society also stores the Britt archives and a catalog of his paintings. Britt Park and the Britt Festival in Jacksonville are also testimonies to Britt's vision, hard work and

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Emil Britt
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Peter Britt
Peter Britt


title: Peter Britt

texts:
 success as a southern Oregon pioneer settler, who documented in his art the spirit and energy of the pioneer era. Recognition
As a visual artist, Britt secured a "significant regional photographer" rating among pioneer photographers of the American Far West. To Britt belongs the honor of taking on February 26, 1858 the first paper photograph in Oregon. The International Center of Photography in Manhattan, New York City, held an exhibition of photographs by <mask>t in recognition of his life achievements.In Southern Oregon, <mask> is still remembered and celebrated  as the painter and pioneer photographer who left a rich heritage of local 19th-century portraits and landscapes. During his 50 years in Jacksonville, Oregon, he contributed to the growth of the local community in many ways, as a model citizen and family man, visual artist, gardener, orchardist, and vintner, among other activities. Although Britt's home no longer exists, his former property has become the home of the Britt Festival and Britt Gardens, as well as a part of Jacksonville’s Woodlands Trail System. The Southern Oregon Historical Society created an exhibit, <mask>: The Man Beyond the Camera housed in the Jacksonville Museum, with near 400 artifacts, including Britt’s personal diaries from 1859 to 1905, photographs and oil paintings, and the daguerreotype camera that he brought to Jacksonville over the Oregon Trail, among other items. References

External links

 Person Record: Britt, <mask>, 1819-1905, Southern Oregon Historical Society
 Britt Photographs, Hannon Library, Southern Oregon University
 <mask>, 1819-1905, Oregon Encyclopedia
 <mask>t, a Leading Figure Among Pioneers, Southern Oregon History Archived
 Giant sequoia in the historic Peter Britt Gardens in Jacksonville, Monumental Trees
 The Britt Music and Arts Festival, Official Website

People from Highland, Illinois
People from Jacksonville, Oregon
1819 births
1905 deaths
Photographers from Oregon
American orchardists
Farmers from

masks:
Peter Brit
Peter Britt
Peter Britt
Peter
Peter Britt
Peter Brit


title: Alfred Bader

texts:
<mask>, CBE (April 28, 1924 – December 23, 2018) was a Canadian chemist, businessman, philanthropist, and collector of fine art. He was considered by the Chemical & Engineering News poll of 1998 to be one of the "Top 75 Distinguished Contributors to the Chemical Enterprise" during C&EN's 75-year history. Early years
<mask> was born on  April 28, 1924, in Vienna, Austria. His father, <mask>, was of Czech Jewish descent. His grandfather, <mask>, had been a civil engineer, who worked on the Suez Canal and was knighted by Emperor Franz Josef for his service as Austrian consul at Ismaïlia. His mother, Elizabeth Countess Serényi, came from an aristocratic Catholic Hungarian family. In spite of adamant opposition from Serényi's family, the couple had married in London and settled in Vienna.<mask> was born only two weeks before his father's death. He was adopted by his father's sister, Gisela Reich, and raised as a Jew. His older sister, Marion, remained with Countess Serényi and was raised as a Catholic. In June 1938, Bader was forced out of school because Jews were forbidden to attend beyond the age 14. On December 10, 1938, he was sent from Austria to England as part of the Kindertransport to escape Nazi persecution. His adoptive mother remained in Austria, and died in 1942 in Theresienstadt. While in England, Bader attended the East Hove Senior School for Boys, and Brighton Technical College.In 1940 he was sent to a Canadian internment camp for European refugees (which Bader described as spartan but a good influence on his academic and social education). While in the camp, Bader passed his junior and senior matriculation, taking exams from McGill University. A Montreal sponsor, Martin Wolff, welcomed him into a Canadian Jewish family in late 1941 and encouraged him to study further. Education
After being rejected by McGill, which had a Jewish "quota" and by the University of Toronto, where the chemistry department was doing sensitive war work, <mask> was accepted by Queen's University, in Kingston, Ontario. He received his

masks:
Alfred Robert Bader
Alfred Bader
Alfred Bader
Moritz Ritter von Bader
Alfred
Bader


title: Alfred Bader

texts:
 B.Sc. in Engineering Chemistry in 1945, followed by a B.A. in History in 1946.During the summers, he worked for the Murphy Paint Company in Montreal, formulating paints, lacquers and varnishes to order. He completed his M.S. in Chemistry in 1947, doing considerable work on the oxidation of linoleic acids and isomeric tetrahydroxystearic acids. His work with Arthur F. McKay, a "superb experimentalist"  who supervised Bader's laboratory work in experimental chemistry, convinced Bader to focus on the field of synthetic organic chemistry. <mask> went on to study at Harvard University, with the support of the Abbott fellowship. He received an M.A. in Chemistry in 1949 and a Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry in 1950.At Harvard, he studied with famed organic chemist Louis Fieser, working on the rearrangement of quinones and the development of intermediates in the Hooker oxidation process. Engineering Chemistry BS, Queen's University (1945)
History BA, Queen's University (1946)
Chemistry MSc, Queen's University (1947)
Chemistry MA, Harvard University (1949)
Chemistry PhD, Harvard University (1950)

Business
While working for the Murphy Paint Company in Montreal, Bader was offered financial support to do graduate work, on the condition that he return to work at the company. By the time he finished his Ph.D. at Harvard, Murphy Paint had been acquired by Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. In January 1950, Bader began work as a research chemist at Pittsburgh Plate Glass. His appointment to the Milwaukee, Wisconsin research facilities  broke an unwritten rule against the hiring of Jews and African Americans. While at PPG Bader did significant work in noncatalytic transesterification and in the development of monomers, including systematic studies of alkenylphenols, unsaturated phenols, and phenolic resins. This work led to a number of patents.The patent for <mask>'s method of creating diphenolic acid was later sold by PPG to Johnson Wax for $1M. Bader remained with PPG until 1954, when the company planned a move to Pittsburgh. During this time,

masks: Bader Bader


title: Alfred Bader

texts: Bader became increasingly aware of the need for a small reliable company dedicated to providing quality research chemicals. At that time Kodak was their only supplier, and the large company seemed to show insufficient consideration for small and independent researchers. <mask> himself had experienced this as a graduate student, when he ordered one of the compounds he needed from the Kodak catalog. He eventually had to make it himself due to its infrequent availability. In 1951, while still working at PPG, <mask> co-founded the Aldrich Chemical Company with Jack Eisendrath, a lawyer.Jack Eisendrath was the first company president. Although Bader held the title of Chief Chemist, most chemicals were not produced in-house. Bader bought interesting compounds from a variety of sources in the United States and Europe and listed them in his catalog. The company initially operated out of a garage where the chemicals were stored and packaged for mailing. The first product sent out by Aldrich was Methylnitronitrosoguanidine, which Bader had learned to produce at Queen's. By 1954 <mask> and his first wife, Helen "Danny" Daniels, bought Eisendrath out of Aldrich, becoming "sole and equal owners of the company." <mask> became the company president, leaving PPG.Reliable chemicals were essential for research chemists of all kinds. They saved time and work in preparation, and the availability of standardized key reagents and starting materials contributed to the reproducibility of experimental results. The Aldrich Chemical Company catalog eventually grew to contain nearly 50,000 substances, described by the Chemical Heritage Foundation as "a huge library of rare chemicals" in addition to thousands of those most commonly used. The company's "Big Red" annual catalog was often used as a reference work because of the extensive physical data and structural information that it contained. As the catalog grew, so did the company. In 1962 in a 50:50 venture between Aldrich Chemicals and Metal Hydrides Inc., <mask> founded Alfa Inorganics,

masks:
Bader
Bader
Bader
Alfred Bader
Alfred Bader


title: Alfred Bader

texts:
 intending to complement  Aldrich's organic chemicals with inorganic research chemicals. This joint venture was terminated in 1967.Other joint ventures have been formed as well. A separate corporation, the Alfred Bader Chemical Corp., was sold to Aldrich on December 20, 1965. A British subsidiary, originally known as Ralph N. Emanuel, Ltd., was co-owned by the Emanuel and Bader families from 1959 to 1969, was gradually taken over by Aldrich, and officially renamed Aldrich Chemical Co. Ltd. in 1973. Aldrich also obtained a controlling interest in Heidenheimer Chemisches Laboratorium (HCL) in Heidenheim, Germany by 1971. In 1975 the Aldrich Chemical Company merged with Sigma Chemical Corporation to become the Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. Aldrich was a leading supplier of organic research chemicals; Sigma a leading supplier of research biochemicals. Together they became the 80th largest chemical company in the United States.As of 1987, 35% of the chemicals sold by Aldrich were produced in-house. <mask> served as president of the combined company from 1975 to 1980 and from 1980 to 1991 as chairman. In 1991 he retired as chairman, and was named chairman emeritus. In an unexpected corporation upheaval, Bader was voted off the board of the company in 1992, losing the title of chairman emeritus, but remaining one of the largest holders of the company's stock. Bader later stated that while it was a staggering blow at the time, the change gave him more time to deal in art works and continue his philanthropy, making him happier. The company later reinstated Bader in the role of "chemist collector," in which he provided the company journal, Aldrichimica Acta, with paintings for its covers. Art collector

Bader stated, "I am an inveterate collector.It may be a sickness, and it began with stamps at eight, drawings at 10, paintings at 20, and rare chemicals at 30." He collected stamps as a youth when his finances permitted. He purchased his first oil painting in the Canadian internment camp: his portrait, painted by a fellow inmate,


title: Alfred Bader

texts:
 for a fee of one Canadian dollar. A lifelong collector, Bader has devoted himself to the study of art history and collection of many fine paintings. In 1961, he and Marvin Klitsner established <mask>er Fine Arts gallery in Milwaukee. Beginning with its first issue in 1968, Bader contributed numerous articles on art subjects to the Aldrich Chemical Company's journal, Aldrichimica Acta. In addition, full-color copies of Dutch masters from Bader's collection were used for the covers of many of the journal's issues.Artworks from his collection were also featured on the Aldrich Handbook, beginning with the Quill Cutter by Paulus de Lesire in the 1967–68 edition of the catalog. In 1995 <mask> published his autobiography, Adventures of a Chemist Collector, which details his experiences from Nazi-era refugee, to chemist magnate, to fine arts connoisseur. In 2008 he published his second autobiography, Chemistry & Art - Further Adventures of a Chemist Collector. <mask> died at home in Milwaukee on December 23, 2018. Philanthropist

Bader has given various charitable donations to Queen's University, Canada, both financial and in-kind. He purchased the 15th century Herstmonceux Castle in East Sussex, England, and donated it to Queen's University, which opened the Bader International Study Centre there in 1994. The residence at the International Study Centre at Herstmonceux Castle is named "Bader Hall" in recognition.Bader and his second wife, Isabel, have also established a number of fellowships, including the <mask>er Graduate Fellowship, the <mask>er Graduate Fellowship in Art, The <mask>er Graduate Fellowship in the Humanities, and the <mask> and Isabel Bader Postdoctoral Fellowship in Jewish History. Queen's also hosts three Bader Chairs: in Organic Chemistry, in Southern Baroque Art, and in Northern Baroque Art. In honour of his numerous contributions, in 2004 Queen's renamed a campus road from "Queen's Crescent" to "Bader Lane". The Baders are long-time supporters of the Agnes Etherington Art Centre at Queen's in Kingston,

masks:
Alfred Bad
Bader
Alfred Bader
Alfred Bad
Alfred Bad
Alfred Bad
Alfred


title: Alfred Bader

texts: Ontario. Upon the invitation of curator Frances Smith in 1967, Bader first donated a painting to Queen's, a Salvator Mundi. In 2014, Bader and his second wife, Isabel, donated 68 paintings from their personal collection of Dutch and Flemish Baroque art to the Agnes Etherington Art Centre, bringing the number of paintings they have donated to the centre to over 200. Highlights of the collection include three paintings by Rembrandt van Rijn, Head of an Old Man in a Cap, Head of a Man in a Turban, and Portrait of a Man with Arms Akimbo; and paintings by Willem Drost, Jan Lievens, Aert de Gelder, and Jacobus Leveck.The collection has been the basis of a number of exhibitions and publications. The Baders also contributed a "transformational gift" towards the creation of the Isabel Bader Centre for the Performing Arts, which opened in 2014. The centre contains a music performance hall, a studio theatre, a small cinema, an art and media lab, a large rehearsal hall and many classrooms, and brings together the Department of Film and Media, the School of Music, the Department of Drama, and the Bachelor of Fine Art Program at Queen's. It provides a performance venue for both the university and the surrounding city. At Victoria University, Toronto, alma mater of Isabel Bader, the Baders funded construction of a performing arts theatre, the Isabel Bader Theatre. The Baders have also supported Project SEED, an American Chemical Society initiative that gives scholarships to economically disadvantaged high school students and enables them to conduct hands-on research. Since 2001, the Baders supported the Malta Conferences Foundation which uses science as a bridge to peace in the Middle East.Since 1986, the Baders have funded the giving of the <mask>er Award in Bioinorganic or Bioorganic Chemistry by the American Chemical Society, "to recognize outstanding contributions to bioorganic or bioinorganic chemistry". Since 1989, the Baders have funded the Bader Award from the Royal Society of Chemistry given "to recognise eminence in


title: Alfred Bader

texts:
 organic chemistry". Since 2013, the <mask>er Award has been given by the Canadian Society for Chemistry to a scientist working in Canada for "excellence in research in organic chemistry". As of 2011, the Baders had donated $1.6 million towards the construction of the proposed Kenwood Interdisciplinary Research Complex (KIRC) at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (UWM). Awards and honours
Awards and honours received  by <mask> include but are not limited to the following:

Honorary degrees

DSc from University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (1980)
DSc from Purdue University (1984)
DSc from University of Wisconsin–Madison (1984)
LL.D. from Queen's University (1986)
DUniv from University of Sussex (1989)
DSc from Northwestern University (1990)
DSc from University of Edinburgh (1998)
DSc from Glasgow University (1999)
DSc from Masaryk University (2000)

Memberships
Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters - Fellow (1986)
Royal Society of Chemistry - Honorary Fellow (1990)
Chemical Institute of Canada - Honorary Fellow (1996)
Austrian Chemical Society - Honorary Membership (2002)
 Royal Society of Arts in London, England - Fellow

Medals and awards
American Chemical Society, Milwaukee Section - Award (1971)
Winthrop-Sears Medal  (1980)
Czech Academy of Sciences - J.E. Purkyne Medal (1994)
American Chemical Society - Charles Lathrop Parsons Award (1995)
University of Vienna - Honorary Citizen (1995)
Boron USA Award (1997)
American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal (1997)
Pittcon Heritage Award (2009)
Commander of the Order of the British Empire

Personal
Bader's marriages are described in his autobiographical books.His romance in England with Isabel Overton (b. 1926), the daughter of a deeply religious Protestant family in Northern Ontario and a graduate of Victoria University in Toronto, began with a shipboard meeting in 1949 and continued in a rapid courtship and some 400 love letters. Isabel broke off the relationship because of religious concerns and settled in Bexhill-on-Sea in Sussex, England but did not become

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Alfred Bad
Alfred Bader


title: Alfred Bader

texts:
 romantically involved with anyone else. Her love letters to <mask>er have been published as A Canadian in Love, 2000. <mask> went on to meet and marry his first wife Helen Ann "Danny" Daniels, in the United States. Similar in many ways to Isabel, including a Protestant religious upbringing, Danny converted to Judaism before Bader proposed to her. Married in July 1952, they had two sons, David (born 1958) and Daniel (born 1961).Danny worked at Aldrich Chemicals, and owned shares in the company. Nearly three decades later <mask> re-connected with Isabel, which led to the breakdown of his marriage with Danny; Danny requested a divorce in 1981 and died six years later. <mask> subsequently married Isabel and the two remained happily married until his death. <mask> and Danny's two sons, David and Daniel, now serve as half-owners of Alfred Bader Fine Arts. (Descendants of Bader's onetime partner in that gallery, Marvin Klitsner, now own the other half.) They also serve as president and vice-president of Bader Philanthropies, a foundation originally formed in 1992, now honouring Helen Daniels <mask> and Isabel and <mask>. Resources

Adventures of a Chemist Collector, by <mask>.Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1995
Further Adventures of a Chemist Collector, by <mask>. Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 2008
A Canadian in love, letters from Isabel Overton to <mask>, edited and with an introduction by Roseann Runte. Toronto : Victoria University, 2000. The <mask> Family papers, Victoria University Library, Toronto, Ontario
 The Aldrich Chemical Company collection, 1945-2001 (bulk 1951-1980), Science History Institute, Philadelphia, PA

References

1924 births
2018 deaths
Austrian emigrants to Canada
Austrian people of Czech-Jewish descent
Austrian people of Hungarian descent
Canadian chemists
Canadian businesspeople
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Austrian adoptees
Kindertransport refugees
Canadian Commanders of the Order of the British

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