title: Carl Levin

texts:
 the <mask><mask> Building in honor of the Senator’s efforts to transform the Detroit riverfront.As co-chair of the Senate Great Lakes Task Force, he fought to protect Michigan’s signature natural resource. His work included support for Great Lakes harbors, which are vital to Michigan’s economy and the nation's; work to increase funding for Great Lakes environmental restoration; and to preserve the natural, historical, and cultural legacy of the lakes, including historic lighthouses. He played a leading role in helping found the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Keweenaw National Historic Park (National Park Service), and in legislation to preserve Michigan wilderness areas. Ethics
<mask> authored the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995, which established the first effective disclosure requirements for federal lobbyists and association provisions that significantly tightened the rules governing gifts to Members of Congress from lobbyists and others. <mask> was the author of the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 which prohibited gifts of honoraria to Members of Congress and significantly limited the use of expensive junkets. He also authored the Whistleblower Protection Act, which protected federal employees who expose wasteful and unnecessary practices. Health care
Senator <mask> supported a Patients' Bill of Rights to reduce the ability of managed care organizations to affect medical decisions.<mask> was an advocate for embryonic stem-cell research because of its potential to cure diseases like Alzheimer's, diabetes, and Parkinson's. Procedure
Senator <mask> was one of only three Democratic senators to dissent from Harry Reid's leadership to vote

masks:
Carl M
. Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin
Levin


title: Carl Levin

type: original

texts:
 against the nuclear option which switched the Senate away from operating on a supermajority basis, to requiring only a simple majority for certain decisions, on November 21, 2013. <mask> supported changing the rules to a simple majority for confirmation votes, but did not support using the nuclear option to do so, saying in his speech on the floor on that day that this "removes an important check on  majority overreach" and that he wished to "preserve the rights of the Senate  minority". Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act
<mask> initiated the Stop Tax Haven Abuse Act against alleged tax havens, for the state of the initiative against tax avoidance and tax evasion registered as S.506, and the complementary initiative H.R.1265. Miscellaneous
<mask> was a critic of the New Hampshire presidential primary's first-in-the-nation status, saying a more diverse state, such as his own Michigan, should hold its contest first. In June 1986, along with Paul Simon and John Melcher, <mask> was one of three senators to oppose a tax reform bill. In November 1998, <mask> attended a White House reception for National Adoption Month.In April 2006, <mask> was selected by Time as one of "America's 10 Best Senators". The American Civil Liberties Union gave <mask> an 84% lifetime rating on civil liberties issues. A strong gun control advocate, <mask> was graded F by Gun Owners of America. He was one of the 16 senators who voted against the Vitter Amendment. He was almost always seen wearing his glasses at the end of his nose, which drew a bounty of humorous attention. In response, he lightheartedly joked that the late Senator Strom Thurmond (while he was in office) would have

masks: Levin Levin Levin Levin Levin Levin Levin Levin


title: Carl Levin

texts:
 never worn his glasses because they "make him look old." Daily Show host Jon Stewart referred to him both as the "kindly old shoemaker", and "Grandpa Munster".An avid supporter of the non-profit civil rights organization Focus: HOPE, <mask> was instrumental in the procurement of equipment and funding for their Machinist Training Institute (MTI). Political campaigns
<mask> was first elected to the U.S. Senate in 1978. In the Democratic primary, he defeated former U.S. Representative Richard Vander Veen. In the general election, he faced former Senate Minority Whip Robert P. Griffin, whom he defeated 52% to 48%. He won re-election five times before retiring from the Senate. <mask> faced a tough reelection bid in 1984 against former astronaut Jack R. Lousma, winning by only four percent. However, he routed Congressman Bill Schuette in 1990, and was reelected in 1996 and 2002 against only nominal Republican opposition.In 2002, <mask> garnered 61% of the vote against Republican Andrew "Rocky" Raczkowski despite the then-high popularity of President George W. Bush and the GOP and a close gubernatorial race that year. In the 2008 election, <mask> won by a comfortable margin against state representative Jack Hoogendyk. Electoral history

{{Election box begin | title=United States Senate election in Michigan, 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/08GEN/05000000.html |title=MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF STATE Election Results GENERAL ELECTION November 04, 2008 |author=Michigan's Secretary of State Office |publisher=miboecfr.nictusa.com |url-status=dead

masks: Levin Levin Levin Levin Levin


title: Carl Levin

texts:
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619180448/http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/08GEN/05000000.html |archive-date=June 19, 2013 }}</ref>}}

Personal life and death
<mask> married Barbara Halpern in 1961, and they had three daughters and six grandchildren. <mask>'s family has long been active in Michigan politics. His elder brother, Sander <mask>, represented Michigan's 12th congressional district in the House of Representatives from 1983 to 2019. Sander's son <mask> was a policy analyst for the AFL-CIO, and was elected in 2018 to the United States House of Representatives, succeeding his retiring father. <mask>'s uncle <mask> was a chief judge on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan.<mask>'s first cousin <mask> was a Michigan Supreme Court judge; another first cousin, <mask>, was a candidate for the House. In March 2021, <mask> disclosed that he had lung cancer. <mask> died at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit on July 29, 2021, at age 87. Honors and awards
 In 2004 he received the Honorary degree of Doctor of Laws from Oakland University. In 2004, he was presented the National Guard Association of the U.S. Harry S. Truman Award. In 2006, Time'' named him one of the "10 best senators". In 2007, he was awarded the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Foundation’s Freedom medal.In 2011, he received Global Financial Integrity's Award for Exemplary Leadership for his "untiring efforts on behalf of financial integrity in the U.S. and abroad." In 2013, he was given the Secretary of the Navy Distinguished Public Service Medal. In 2014, he was awarded the National Marine Sanctuary Foundation

masks:
Carl Levin
Levin
Levin
Andy Levin
Carl
Theodore Levin
Carl
Charles Levin
Joseph Levin
Levin
Levin


title: Carl Levin

texts:
 Leadership Award. In 2014, he was awarded the First Global Citizen Award from Lawrence Tech. In 2016, , an  was named in his honor, and was christened in 2021. See also
 List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

References

Further reading

 "Getting to the Heart of the Matter:  My 36 Years in the Senate." External links

 <mask> Interview Silver Screen Studios - Coming of Age (February 2020)

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1934 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American memoirists
21st-century American politicians
American taxi drivers
Central High School (Detroit) alumni
Deaths from cancer in Michigan
Deaths from lung cancer
Democratic Party United States senators
Detroit City Council members
Harvard Law School alumni
Jewish American people in Michigan politics
Jewish United States senators
<mask> Democrats
Michigan lawyers
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award
Swarthmore College alumni
United States senators from

masks:
Carl Levin
Carl Michigan


title: Hannah Whelan

texts:
<mask> (born 1 July 1992) is a retired British artistic gymnast who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics. Whelan won three European Championships medals and four British senior national titles, and was the bronze medallist in the all-around at the 2014 Commonwealth Games. Early life and training
Whelan, the daughter of Mike and <mask>, was born on 1 July 1992 in Singapore, where she lived until she was two years old. Her family then moved to Stockport, England. It was there that Whelan began gymnastics. She said: "At the age of six, after constantly cartwheeling around the house and Tesco, I persuaded my mum to take me to a gymnastic class. There, I was immediately spotted as a talent and began training at South Manchester Gymnastics Club with coach Helen Hall."A year later, when Whelan was seven, her family moved to the United States, where she trained at Flips Gymnastics Academy in Texas. In 2001, at the age of nine, she moved back to Stockport with her family and resumed training with Hall, this time at Vernon Park Gymnastics Club. In 2005, Whelan switched gyms and began training under Sarah Attwell at the City of Liverpool Gymnastics Club, alongside Beth Tweddle. "Beth always helped me in the gym," she said. "Just the little comments help to pick you up if things are going wrong. She has the experience and she has had bad days in the gym, but it's good to know that she's gotten where she has by living through the same things that you are." After 2008, Whelan began training under Amanda Reddin.Whelan attended Bramhall High School but missed much of her final year due to training. Despite this, she passed eight GCSE exams, receiving seven B's and

masks:
Hannah Kate Whelan
Karen Whelan


title: Hannah Whelan

texts:
 June, Whelan competed at the British Championships in Liverpool. She placed third in the all-around with a score of 55.800. In event finals, she placed fourth on uneven bars (14.250), second on balance beam (13.850), and third on floor (13.900).The following month, she was selected to compete for the United Kingdom at the Olympics in London, alongside Imogen Cairns, Jennifer Pinches, Rebecca Tunney, and Beth Tweddle. At the Olympics, Whelan qualified to the all-around final in seventeenth place with a score of 55.699. In the team final, she contributed scores of 14.000 on uneven bars, 13.866 on balance beam, and 14.200 on floor toward the British team's sixth-place finish. In the all-around final, she landed her vault on her knees, meaning she received a score of zero and finished in last place. 2014
In July, Whelan competed at the 2014 Commonwealth Games in Glasgow. She contributed an all-around score of 53.366 toward England's team gold and qualified fifth into the all-around final, where she won bronze, scoring 54.699. Her teammates Claudia Fragapane and Ruby Harrold won gold and silver, respectively, for an all-English podium.References

External links

 <mask> at British Gymnastics

1992 births
Living people
British female artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts of Great Britain
People from Singapore
Sportspeople from Stockport
Gymnasts at the 2012 Summer Olympics
People associated with Liverpool John Moores University
Gymnasts at the 2014 Commonwealth Games
People educated at Bramhall High School
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in


title: Virginia Zeani

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 21 October 1925), Commendatore OMRI is a Romanian-born opera singer who sang leading soprano roles in the opera houses of Europe and North America. As a singer, she was known for her dramatic intensity and the beauty, wide range, and suppleness of her voice which allowed her to sing a repertoire of 69 roles ranging from the heroines in belcanto operas by Rossini and Donizetti to those of Wagner, Puccini and Verdi. She also created roles in several 20th-century operas, including Blanche in Poulenc's Dialogues of the Carmelites. <mask> made her professional debut in 1948 as Violetta in La traviata, which would become one of her signature roles; she has since sung the opera over 640 times. After her retirement from the stage in 1982, she became a well-known voice teacher. She was married to the Italian bass Nicola Rossi-Lemeni from 1957 until his death in 1991. A Distinguished Professor Emerita at Indiana University's Jacobs School of Music where she taught for many years, Zeani lives in Palm Beach County, Florida and has continued to teach singing privately.Early life and education
<mask> was born on 21 October 1925 in Solovăstru, a central Transylvania village located in Romania. She has described to interviewers a childhood where despite bronchial troubles, she was always singing, even when she was fetching water from the river for cooking. She said that music had "entered her soul" after hearing a band of gypsies one of whom was playing a hora on the violin, and at the age of nine she became determined to be an opera singer after hearing a performance of Madama Butterfly. When she was 13 a benefactor in the village paid for her to study singing in Bucharest, first with Lucia Anghel, and then with Lydia Lipkowska.

masks:
Virginia Zeani
Virginia Zehan
Zeani
Zeani


title: Virginia Zeani

texts:
 Recordings
Zeani's recorded legacy largely rests on the approximately 60 "pirate" and "off-air" recordings of full-length operas made in the course of her career. She made very few studio recordings—Tosca, La traviata and a Verdi–Puccini recital released on LP by the Romanian Electrecord label, and a two-LP set of Donizetti, Bellini, Verdi, and Puccini arias on the Decca label, recorded when Zeani was in her early 30s. In 2014, Decca reissued the LPs on compact disk in their "Most Wanted Recitals!" series. Honors
Zeani was made Commander of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1965.In her native Romania she received the Royal Decoration of Nihil Sine Deo in 2011 and was made a Knight of the Order of the Star of Romania in 2016. She has also been the recipient of numerous opera awards, including the Puccini Award from the Fondazione Festival Pucciniano in 1992. Bibliography

 Beaumont, Roger and Itimaera, Witi (2018). <mask>: My Memories of an Operatic Golden Age. Ciampa, Leonardo. The Twilight of Belcanto: Including an Interview with <mask>. AuthorHouse; 2nd edition (25 October 2005).References

External links

 (extensive performance list)
<mask>'s opera discography on operadis-opera-discography.org.uk. The majority are live in-house or off-air recordings. They range in time from A Life for the Tsar (as Antonida) recorded in 1954 to Dialogues of the Carmelites (as Mother Marie) recorded in 1982. 1925 births
Living people
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Romanian operatic sopranos
People from Mureș County
Romanian Greek-Catholics
Romanian expatriates in Italy
Romanian expatriates in the United States
Indiana University faculty
20th-century Romanian women opera singers
Knights of the Order of the Star

masks:
Virginia Zeani
Virginia Zeani
Zeani


title: Mohammed Abu-Nimer

texts:
<mask>-Nimer is an American expert on conflict resolution and dialogue for peace. He is a full professor at the American University School of International Service in International Peace and Conflict Resolution in Washington, DC, the largest school of international relations in the United States. Overview

Professor <mask>-Nimer an expert on conflict resolution, and dialogue for peace. As a professor with over 20 years of teaching experience, he has developed numerous courses that deal with different facets of peacebuilding and conflict resolution and regularly publish on the subject. While his research has focused on a wide array of areas in peacebuilding and conflict resolution, his most recent areas of focus have included faith-based peacebuilding, interfaith dialogue in peacebuilding and building social cohesion, and pedagogical considerations on incorporating peace and forgiveness education in the Arab world. Currently, Prof. Abu-Nimer is employed as a full professor at the American University School of International Service in International Peace and Conflict Resolution in Washington, DC, the largest school of International Relations in the United States, and is also the action Senior Advisor to the young KAICIID Dialogue Centre, an international organization that specialized in interreligious and intercultural dialogue. Education

Professor Abu-Nimer completed his doctoral dissertation, Conflict Resolution between Arabs and Jews in Israel: A Study of Six Intervention Models, in 1993 at George Mason University.Since receiving his Ph.D. Professor Abu-Nimer received a two-year fellowship from the United States Foundation for Education in 1989, followed by a two-year graduate fellowship in 1990 at George Mason University. Prof. Abu-Nimer has been awarded a number of fellowships (e.g. Visiting Research Fellow at the Harry Truman

masks:
Mohammed Abu
Mohammed Abu


title: Franz von Lenbach

texts:
<mask>, after 1882, <mask> (13 December 1836 – 6 May 1904) was a German painter known primarily for his portraits of prominent personalities from the nobility, the arts, and industry. Because of his standing in society, he was often referred to as the "Malerfürst" (Painter Prince). Biography
His father, who originally came from  South Tyrol where the family name was spelled "Lempach", was a Master Mason for Schrobenhausen, where  <mask> was born. <mask> completed his primary education at Landsberg in 1848, then attended a business school in Landshut. From 1851 to 1852, he was apprenticed to the sculptor Anselm Sickinger in Munich. At that time, his father died and he went home to help in the family business. He was only there a short time before beginning studies at the Augsburg University of Applied Sciences.While there, he drew and painted in his spare time, befriended Johann Baptist Hofner (1832–1913), the animal painter, and decided to become an artist. In 1854, he obtained his family's reluctant permission to study at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, and later took private lessons from Hermann Anschütz. <mask> was already an accomplished artist when he became the pupil of <mask> Piloty. In 1858, he was able to stage an exhibition at the Glaspalast and won a travel scholarship, which enabled him to accompany Piloty to Rome. A few works remain as the outcome of this first journey: A Peasant seeking Shelter from Bad Weather (1855), The Goatherd (1860, in the Schack Gallery, Munich) and The Arch of Titus (in the Palfy collection, Budapest). He also travelled to Paris and Brussels. It was about then that he started receiving his first portrait commissions.On returning to Munich, he was at once called to

masks:
Franz Seraph Lenbach
Ritter von Lenbach
Lenbach
Lenbach
Lenbach
Karl von


title: Franz von Lenbach

texts: Weimar to take the appointment of professor at the newly established Weimar Saxon Grand Ducal Art School, where he became known for taking his students on painting expeditions en plein aire. He remained for only two years, however, when he felt the need for more studies and decided to take another trip to Italy. During this time, he also found an important patron; Baron Adolf Friedrich <mask>. Through his support, <mask> was able to leave for Italy in 1863 with a guaranteed annual income. He returned to Munich in 1866. The following year, he won a gold medal at the Exposition Universelle and went to Spain for one year, accompanied by his student, Ernst Friedrich <mask>, to make more copies of the Old Masters for Schack. Upon returning, his career as a portrait painter began in earnest.His breakthrough came in 1869, when he won a gold medal at the Glaspalast, despite being up against many fashionable French painters. After 1870, he began making visits to Vienna to develop a market for his paintings there, which even survived the Panic of 1873. It is also said that he travelled there frequently because he had a passion for Maria Beccadelli di Bologna, which was never returned. From 1875 to 1876 he, Hans Makart, and other associates made a trip to Egypt, which left a deep impression in his style. In 1882, he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown, which entitled him to become "Von Lenbach". The following year, he was back in Rome, where he lived in apartments at the Palazzo Borghese. One of his sitters was Clara Schumann, whose portrait he drew in pastel in 1878.In 1885, he was commissioned to do a portrait of Pope Leo XIII. As the Pope did not have time to sit for the portrait, a new technique

masks:
von Schack
Lenbach
von Liphart


title: Franz von Lenbach

texts:
 was used to create a photographic template. He left Rome in 1887 and began building  a villa in Munich. Later that year, he married Countess Magdalena Moltke. By the 1890s, he was painting almost entirely from photographs, a common practice at the time, but he also began working too fast, in an effort to create sufficient income. In 1895, a major scandal erupted when one of his assistants took unfinished paintings and sketches, had students fill in the details, and passed them off as <mask>'s work. In 1896, he and Magdalena were divorced, over suspicions of infidelity with her doctor, Ernst Schweninger,whom she did in fact later marry.<mask> also remarried, to <mask> Hornstein, daughter of the composer <mask> Hornstein. He refused to join the Munich Secession and was highly critical of the new Bavarian National Museum. He also began to paint women, almost exclusively, whereas before he had concentrated on men. Around 1900, he started to produce trading card designs for the Stollwerck chocolate company of Cologne. In 1902, he became an honorary Knight in the Legion of Honour. That same year, he suffered a stroke while returning from a trip to his home town and never fully recovered. He died at his Munich villa two years later.He was buried at the Westfriedhof and many prominent figures spoke at his funeral. Legacy
Some of <mask>'s paintings are now in national collections in the United Kingdom, including portraits by Lenbach of Bismarck and Gladstone in the National Galleries of Scotland and another of Gladstone in the Palace of Westminster. Others are in the Frye Art Museum in Seattle, Washington. Third Reich era
Lenbach's paintings were much prized by top National Socalists and given as gifts by

masks:
Lenbach
Lenbach
Charlotte von
Robert von
Lenbach


title: Franz von Lenbach

texts:
 underlings. Goebbels gifted Hitler a Lenbach in 1936, writing in his diary, "(Hitler) is very touched and takes the greatest joy in my Lenbach"). Lenbachs were also looted from Jewish collectors like the Löw-Beer family in Brněnec, Rudolf Mosse in Berlin, Sigmund Bernstein, and many others. The database of the German Lost Art Foundation lists 108 entries for Lenbach.The ERR database for objects seized in France (the "Cultural Plunder by the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg:Database of Art Objects at the Jeu de Paume") lists six artworks by Lenbach. See also
Lenbachhaus

References

Further reading
 Sonja <mask>w: <mask> <mask>. Leben und Werk. DuMont, Cologne 1986, . Reinhold Baumstark (Ed. ): Lenbach. Sonnenbilder und Porträts.Pinakothek/DuMont, Munich  2004, . Dieter Distl, Klaus Englert (Eds. ), Reinhard Horn: <mask> <mask> – Unbekanntes und Unveröffentlichtes. Ludwig, Pfaffenhofen 1986, . Brigitte Gedon: <mask> <mask>. Die Suche nach dem Spiegel. Nymphenburger, Munich 1999, ; Überarb.Neuausg. DuMont, Köln 2011, . Winfried Ranke: <mask> <mask>. Der Münchner Malerfürst. Kiepenheuer & Witsch, Cologne 1986, . External links

 Lenbachhaus
 Lenbachmuseum
German masters of the nineteenth century: paintings and drawings from the Federal Republic of Germany, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on <mask> <mask> (no. 44-49)

1836 births
1904 deaths
People from Schrobenhausen
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
19th-century German painters
19th-century male artists
German male painters
20th-century German painters
20th-century male artists
Alldeutscher Verband members
Academic art
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich faculty
Munich School
Burials at the

masks:
von Barano
Franz von
Lenbach
Franz von
Lenbach
Franz von
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Franz von
Lenbach
Franz von
Lenbach


title: Joseph Marsh (Adventist)

texts:
<mask> (1802–1863) was an American Millerite Protestant preacher, and editor of The Advent Harbinger, Bible Advocate and The Voice of Truth and Glad Tidings of the Kingdom at Hand". Life
<mask> was born in St. Albans, Franklin, Vermont, on December 6, 1802. When he was 16 the family moved to Genesee County, New York, where his parents were disfellowshipped by the Methodist Episcopal Church for rejecting the Trinity. From the ages of 19 to 21 he and his brother Josiah tried their hand at farming, first in Monroe Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, then in Springfield Township, Erie County, Pennsylvania. In 1823 he joined his brother James in Rochester, New York. <mask> took up the faith of the Christian Connection he was baptized in the Genesee River "a little above the falls". He then began several years as an itinerant preacher, while working as a carpenter to supplement his income.On August 4, 1830, he married Sarah Mariah Adams (born Sennett, New York, on November 27, 1808). They had three girls; Sarah Eliza (b. 1832), Mary Maria (b. 1834) and Permelia Jane (b. 16 June 1836)  From 1839 <mask> was pastor of a Christian Connection church in Union Mills and editor of The Christian Palladium, till in 1843 he took up the teaching of William Miller that Christ would return in 1843. Following resignation from his pastorship and editorship, he supported Charles Fitch in the call for Millerites to leave established churches. In January 1844 he started publishing The Voice of Truth, and in September 1844 he supported the "seven month movement".After the Great Disappointment he criticised movements towards the establishment of an Adventist denomination, and advocating

masks:
Joseph Marsh
Joseph Marsh
Marsh
Marsh


title: Joseph Marsh (Adventist)

texts: "Age to come" doctrine, renamed his magazine The Advent Harbinger and Bible Advocate then in 1850 The Prophetical Expositor. In 1849 <mask> published The Bible Doctrine or True Gospel Faith, following Millerite views of the millennium, but in 1851 in The Age to Come repudiated some of these and adopted the views of John Thomas in Elpis Israel concerning a national regathering of Israel to Palestine. Thomas, who had been rebaptised following his break with Campbellites in 1847 urged <mask> to also be rebaptised, as had another associate of Thomas, Benjamin Wilson, in 1851. Thomas and <mask> now agreed in belief in a kingdom on earth and the restoration of Israel, but disagreed on whether this was essential for baptism. Thomas considered that it was, and if it was essential for baptism, therefore it was also essential for fellowship and communion. The tension over rebaptism continued from 1852 to 1860. <mask> and Nathaniel Field of Jeffersonville, Indiana in the Prophetical Expositor, and Thomas in the Herald of the Kingdom conducted an increasingly heated exchange of articles on whether the return of the Jews, and understanding of the promises to Abraham, was a prerequisite for a valid baptism, and therefore communion.In 1855 and 1856, Field hosted in Jeffersonsville two conferences at which <mask> was a major speaker. They failed however to form a denomination, and Field reduced his involvement. By 1860 two clearly defined groups existed in Rochester, and several other towns, with those who had been rebaptised since breaking with Millerism and Campbellism, like Thomas, in one group, and those, who did not see the need for a strict doctrinal continuity between

masks: Marsh Marsh Marsh Marsh Marsh


title: Joseph Marsh (Adventist)

texts:
 belief at the time of baptism and communion, such as <mask>, in the other. <mask> sold the Prophetical Expositor to Thomas Newman in 1860, and left stocks of his books and hymnbook The Millennial Harp for Newman to sell on his behalf. <mask>'s family was in Rochester for the 1860 census. His daughter <mask> Parker records that "In 1860 <mask> moved to Milby, Canada. In the same year to Oshawa, Canada.He returned to the "Christians" shortly before his death in 1863." Yet Church of God records indicate that in 1863 he had just been appointed state evangelist in Jeffersonville, Indiana, Nathaniel Field's church, when he died at his daughter's home in Tecumseh, Michigan on 13 September 1863, of typhoid fever. Beliefs
 <mask> probably took opposition to the Trinity and the immortality of the soul from his parents. <mask> was initially opposed to having a creed or formal church organisation
 <mask> rejected Seventh-Day doctrine when it came forward in 1850. Although <mask> adopted Thomas' view on the Abrahamic promises and Israel, he did not share Thomas' view on the importance of certain doctrinal requirements for baptism and communion. It appears that <mask> shared the views of John Thomas and Benjamin Wilson against the supernatural devil. Family
His daughter Permelia Jane was educated in Rochester, New York, and in 1856 married George T. Parker, a lawyer of that city.She was a frequent contributor to The Churchman and other publications of the Episcopal Church, and was the author of Toiling and Hoping, a novel (New York, 1856); The Boy Missionary (1859); Losing the Way (1860); Under His Banner (1862); The Morgan Boys (1859); Rochester, a Story Historical

masks:
Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Jane Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Marsh
Marsh


title: Joseph Marsh (Adventist)

texts:
 (Rochester, 1884); The Midnight Cry, a novel founded on the Millerite movement (New York, 1886); Life of S. F. B. Morse (1887); and Papers Relating to the Genesee Country (1888). Legacy
Having rejoined the Christian Connection <mask>'s death had little direct impact on the loose association of churches that subscribed to what was now Newman's magazine. Further Benjamin Wilson had a leading role in the Church of God grouping through his own magazine The Gospel Banner 1855-1869, then Herald of the Coming Kingdom (Despite his agreement with John Thomas on rebaptism, Wilson had himself separated from Thomas in 1863 over the judgement). The American Civil War provided an impetus to define church boundaries, as in 1865 it was necessary to register for conscientious objection. Many Church of God churches, including those associated with Wilson, took the name Church of God of the Abrahamic Faith. However the Age to Come believers who had been rebaptised, joined with those congregations who had come out of the Campbellite movement with Thomas, and took the name Christadelphians. The printing press was destroyed in the 1871 Great Chicago Fire.In 1921 the Church of God of the Abrahamic Faith split with the majority becoming the Church of God General Conference (CoGGC), and the minority, who followed more closely to Wilson's views on fellowship and an allegorical devil, separating to become the Church of the Blessed Hope (CGAF). This smaller group now fellowships with the Christadelphians and not with CoGGC. References

1802 births
1863 deaths
American religious leaders
Adventism
Millerites
Editors of Christian publications
People from Franklin County, Vermont
Deaths from


title: Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

texts:
<mask> of Schleswig-Holstein   (Auguste Viktoria Friederike Luise Feodora Jenny; 22 October 1858 – 11 April 1921) was the last German empress and queen of Prussia by marriage to Wilhelm II, German Emperor. Biography

Early life and family

<mask> was born at Dolzig Castle, the eldest daughter of Frederick VIII, future Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, and Princess Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg,  a great-niece of Queen <mask>, through <mask>'s half-sister Feodora. She grew up at Dolzig until the death of her grandfather, Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, in 1869. The family then moved to Castle Primkenau and the estate her father had inherited. She was known within her family as "Dona"

Crown Princess

On 27 February 1881, <mask> married her second cousin Prince Wilhelm of Prussia. <mask>'s maternal grandmother Princess Feodora of Leiningen was the half-sister of Queen <mask>, who was Wilhelm's maternal grandmother. Wilhelm had earlier proposed to his first cousin, Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine (known in the family as "Ella"), a daughter of his mother's own sister, but she declined.He did not react well, and was adamant that he would soon marry another princess. Wilhelm's family was originally against the marriage with <mask>, whose father was not even a sovereign. However, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck was a strong proponent of the marriage, believing that it would end the dispute between the Prussian government and <mask>'s father. In the end, Wilhelm's intransigence, the support of Bismarck, and a determination to move beyond the rejection of his proposal to Ella, led the reluctant imperial family to give official consent.

masks:
Augusta Victoria
Augusta Victoria
Victoria
Victoria
Augusta
Augusta
Victoria
Augusta Victoria
Augusta


title: Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

texts:
 Empress

<mask> was known as "Dona" within the family. She had a somewhat lukewarm relationship with her mother-in-law, <mask>, who had hoped that Dona would help to heal the rift between herself and Wilhelm; this was not to be the case. The Empress was also annoyed that the title of head of the Red Cross went to Dona, who had no nursing or charity experience or inclination (though in her memoirs, Princess Viktoria Luise paints a different picture, stating that her mother loved charity work).<mask> often took pleasure in snubbing her mother-in-law, usually small incidents, such as telling her that she would be wearing a different dress than the one <mask> recommended, that she would not be riding to get her figure back after childbirth as Wilhelm had no intention of stopping at one son, and informing her that <mask>'s daughter, Viktoria, was not named after her (though, again, in her memoirs, Viktoria Luise states that she was named after both her grandmother and her great-grandmother, Queen <mask>). <mask> and her mother-in-law grew closer for a few years when Wilhelm became emperor, as <mask> was often lonely while he was away on military exercises and turned to her mother-in-law for the companionship of rank, although she never left her children alone with her lest they be influenced by her well-known liberalism. Nevertheless, the two were often seen riding in a carriage together. <mask> was at <mask>'s bedside when she died of breast cancer in 1901. <mask> also had less than cordial relationships with some of Wilhelm's sisters, particularly the recently married Crown Princess Sophie of Greece. In 1890, when Sophie announced her intention to convert to Greek Orthodoxy, Dona summoned her and

masks: Augusta Victoria Augusta Victoria Augusta Victoria Augusta Augusta Augusta Victoria Augusta


title: Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

texts:
 told her that if she did so, not only would Wilhelm find it unacceptable as the head of the Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces, but she would be barred from Germany and her soul would end up in Hell. Sophie replied that it was her business whether or not she did.<mask> became hysterical and gave birth prematurely to her son, Prince Joachim, as a result of which she was overprotective of him for the rest of his life, believing that he was delicate. Evidently, so did Wilhelm; he wrote to his mother that if the baby died, Sophie would have murdered it. Later life
In 1920, the shock of exile and abdication, combined with the breakdown of Joachim's marriage and his subsequent suicide, proved too much for <mask>'s health. She died in 1921, in House Doorn at Doorn in the Netherlands. Wilhelm, still reeling over the same losses, was devastated by her death. The Weimar Republic allowed her remains to be transported back to Germany, where they still lie in the Temple of Antiquities, not far from the New Palace, Potsdam. Because he was not permitted to enter Germany, Wilhelm could accompany his wife on her last journey only as far as the German border.Issue
<mask> gave birth to seven children by Wilhelm II:

Wilhelm, German Crown Prince (1882–1951); married Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Prince Eitel Friedrich (1883–1942); married Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg. Prince Adalbert (1884–1948); married Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. Prince August Wilhelm (1887–1949); married Princess <mask> of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. Prince Oskar (1888–1958); married Countess Ina Marie von Bassewitz. Prince Joachim (1890–1920); married Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt.

masks:
Augusta
Augusta
Augusta
Alexandra Victoria


title: Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

texts:
 Princess <mask> of Prussia (1892–1980); married Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick.In literature
The funeral of <mask> is reflected upon in the novel by Katherine Anne Porter,  Ship of Fools. In it, a German passenger silently reminisces on the funeral and its cinematic showing to a small colony of Germans living abroad in Mexico and describes the outpouring of public grief that was seen within that community. <mask>'s passing is viewed among Germans who lived through the First World War as the ending of a great epoch, the conclusion of which forever divorces them from their maternal country and enshrines <mask> as a venerable saint and symbol of a Germany long past. The Empress of Germany's bird of paradise, Paradisaea raggiana augustavictoriae, was named in her honour. The Augusta Victoria Hospital in Jerusalem was built by Wilhelm II and named after his wife. There is a white rose cultivar named after her, the Kaiserin Auguste Viktoria (Peter Lambert, 1891). References

Sources

Van der Kiste, John: The last German Empress: A life of Empress <mask>, Consort of Emperor William II.CreateSpace, 2015
Thomas Weiberg: … wie immer Deine Dona. Verlobung und Hochzeit des letzten deutschen Kaiserpaares. Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 2007, . External links

Historical footage of the burial of Auguste Viktoria in April 1921, filmportal.de

1858 births
1921 deaths
People from Lubsko
People from the Province of Brandenburg
House of Augustenburg
Dames of the Order of Saint Isabel
Ladies of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Precious Crown
German empresses
Princesses of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
Prussian princesses
Prussian royal consorts
Wilhelm II, German

masks:
Victoria Louise
Augusta Victoria
Augusta Victoria
Augusta Victoria
Augusta Victoria


title: Nebiha Gueddana

texts:
<mask> or <mask>, maiden name Ben Aissa, born January 26, 1949, is a doctor and a Tunisian politician. She held several high-level positions at the national and international level. Scientific career

<mask> holds a Diploma in the field of paediatrics from the University René Descartes of the Academy of Paris. She is Professor of medicine specialised in preventive and social paediatrics at the medical school in Tunis and she holds a diploma in statistics applied to medicine, with epidemiology as a minor, from the Centre of Statistics applied to medicine and biology at the University of Paris VI. She held the position of junior lecturer in a teaching hospital and head of department in  Tunis Children's Hospital and taught courses at the medical school of Tunis. Public servant
Nominated, respectively,  Deputy Minister in charge of social affairs, women and the family from 1989 to 1993, and President of the Commission for the Equality of Opportunities and Law Enforcement (1997–2000) and member of Women and Family High Council, she has made a name for  herself by the role of leadership in the promotion of women's rights: gender, the empowerment of women, participation in political decision making and economic participation and the integration of the concept gender in development plans. She held the position of Deputy Minister in charge of social affairs, then Deputy Minister in charge of women and the family from 1989 to 1993.During her tenure, she implemented decisive reforms for the benefit of women and social progress in Tunisia. She set up structures in charge of the implementation of national policies in several fields mainly:

 The National commission "Women and development;"
 The Unit

masks:
Nebiha Gueddana
Nabiha Gueddana
Nébiha Gueddana


title: Nebiha Gueddana

texts:
 agency to implement programs and technical assistance in the field of gender, women's health and reproductive health in third countries such as Niger, Chad, Mauritania, Djibouti, Mali, Yemen and Iraq.She has conducted several research projects and regional studies in Africa and in  the Arab region regarding women's rights, human development, socio-economic transformations, health and gender in partnership with diverse :

 European research institutions such as INED, INSERM:
 American research institutions such as Genuity, Population council, USAID, Population action international:
 Arab League institutions such as the Arab League and Cairo Demographic Centre;
 African research institutions such as UEAP,CEFA and  IFORD. NGOs
She has always been actively involved in several associations and she is known for her unfailing support for NGOs. She has encouraged and supported the creation of NGO by women and for women. As Member of the Board of Directors of ENDA, inter-Arab, an international NGO working in the field of micro-credits, she has striven for and succeeded in the  economic integration of 100,000 women in Tunisia. For other members of the Board of Directors, Nébiha <mask> represents  the "Social Conscience" of the NGO. She has succeeded to guarantee the inclusion of NGOs as inescapable partners in South-South cooperation. International level
Nébiha Gueddana enjoys a strong capacity of advocacy and fund mobilization with decision makers.She puts all the required rigor for the sake of an   optimal use of resources guaranteeing high performance indicators. She actively cooperates with UN organizations, and she brings forth her expertise to the implementation of the objectives of the


title: Nebiha Gueddana

texts:
 bestowed on the institutions that she heads and runs :

 The title of a Collaborating Centre" of WHO in the field of population; gender and reproductive health was awarded in 2009 to the Research and Training International Centre of the Family and Population National Board. During her tenure as President,  the South-South Partnership was assigned the status of a permanent observer in the General Assembly of the United Nations
 South-South Cooperation is an integral part of the agenda of the General Assembly of the UNFPA. ONGs are involved as inseparable partners in south-south cooperation. The project in the field of mother and child health launched by Nébiha <mask> in Kollo, Niger is cited by the World Bank as "a path to follow" for other countries. Publications
<mask> <mask> is the author and co-author of many books and scientific articles on the theme of women's health, women's rights and human development. We may mention some of these publications :

 L'adolescent tunisien.Santé et environnement, Social and Preventive Pediatrics Unit of the children Hospital in Tunis, 1987 (the book won a prize awarded by Children International Centre in Paris). Un enfant et deux Tunisie, Ministry of Public Health, 1989. (the book won a prize awarded by  the Maghrebi Association of medicine)
 « La condition de la femme tunisienne en terre d'Islam et en Tunisie », in Où va la population mondiale. Paris : Le Quotidien du Médecin (1994) : pp. 144.151. « Maîtrise de la fécondité et émancipation vont changer les structures familiales », 9th ed. of the North-South Media.Paris : Institut universitaires d'études du développement, 1994, pp. 81–87. Population policies and programmes: determinants and

masks: Gueddana Nebiha Gueddana


title: Nebiha Gueddana

texts:
 consequences in eight developing countries, London : Centre for Population Studies, Health Policy Unit, London School, 1996. « Coopération Sud-Sud et Francophonie », In population et Francophonie. (Francophone Parliamentary sessions on population policies and international aid-,  General Assembly, ) Paris: John Libbey Eurotext, 1997, pp. 274–282. « Étude de la prévalence des MST chez les femmes tunisiennes enceintes et validation de l'algorithme clinique proposé par l'OMS pour la prise en charge des MST », in Contraception, Fertilité, Sexualité.Elsevier SAS, 1999, pp. 85–90. « L'expérience du programme tunisien de planification familiale (1956-1966) », in Population et développement en Tunisie, la métamorphose. Tunis : Cérès Editions, 2001, pp. 203–232. La promotion des ressources humaines féminines en Tunisie, fondement du développement durable, Tunis, ONFP, 2002. « The medical abortion.Experiences of married and unmarried women in Tunis », in Contraception, Tunis, 2004, pp. 6963–9. La stratégie de lutte contre la pauvreté en Tunisie, Tunis, ONFP, 2006. « Le cancer du sein en Tunisie », La Tunisie Médicale. 87.7 (2009): pp 415–490. Nébiha <mask> has supervised research and epidemiologic studies in the field of women's and youth health. She has conducted several socio-demographic studies :

 National study on violence against women in Tunisia, 2009-2010.Critical and analytical study of the literature review on violence against women, 2008. National inquiry/ survey on mother and child health, MICS3, 2006. PAPFAM inquiry/survey- in depth analysis of the results on the transformations within Tunisian families at the social and health levels, 2004 -2205. Intensity of regional population ageing,


title: Anju Bobby George

texts:
<mask> (born 19 April 1977) is a retired Indian athlete. <mask> made history when she won the bronze medal in long jump at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics in Paris. With this achievement, she became the first Indian athlete ever to win a medal in a World Championships in Athletics jumping 6.70 m. She went on to win the gold medal at the IAAF World Athletics Final (a competition between best eight athletes in the world based on the world ranking) in 2005, a performance she considers her best. <mask> was upgraded to the gold status from silver in the 2005 World Athletics Final in Monte Carlo following the disqualification of Tatyana Kotova of Russia by the International Association of Athletics Federations, following the recent re-testing of the latter's sample collected at the 2005 World Championship in Helsinki. She was awarded the Arjuna Award in 2002, Khel Ratna in 2003 and Padma Shri in 2004. She had got 5th position with personal best score of 6.83 at the 2004 Athens Olympics. In March 2021, <mask> won the BBC lifetime achievement award for best athlete in India.Early life
<mask> was born in Kochuparambil family in Cheeranchira village of Changanassery taluk, Kottayam, Kerala, in a Syrian Orthodox family, to K. T. Markose. She was initiated into athletics by her father and her interest was further developed by her trainer in Koruthode school. She did her schooling in CKM Koruthode School and graduated from Vimala College. In the school athletic meet in 1991–92, she won the 100 m hurdles and relay and stood second in long jump and high jump events, thus becoming the women's champion. <mask>'s talent was noticed in the national schools games where she won third place in 100 m hurdles and 4 × 100 m relay. Professional career
Although she started with Heptathlon, she later began to concentrate on her jump events and

masks:
Anju Bobby George
Anju Bobby George
Anju
Anju
Anju
Anju


title: Anju Bobby George

texts: went on to win long jump medal in the 1996 Delhi junior Asian championship. In 1999 <mask> set the national record for triple jump in the Bangalore Federation Cup and silver medal at the South Asian Federation Games in Nepal.In 2001 <mask> bettered her own record in long jump to 6.74 m in the National Circuit Meet at Thiruvananthapuram. In the same year she also won gold for triple jump and long jump in the Ludhiana National games. <mask> reigned supreme in her events in the Hyderabad National games also. She won the bronze medal clearing 6.49 m at the 2002 Commonwealth Games at Manchester. She also won the gold medal at the Asian Games in Busan. <mask> made history when she won the bronze medal clearing 6.70 m in Long Jump at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics in Paris, becoming the first Indian athlete ever to win a medal in a World Championships in Athletics. She also won a gold medal at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games.She achieved her personal best of 6.83 m at the 2004 Olympic Games at Athens that brought her the fifth position. This is the current Indian national record. In September 2005, <mask> won the gold medal in the women's long jump at the 16th Asian Athletics Championship in Incheon City of South Korea with a leap of 6.65 metres. She went on to win the gold medal at the IAAF World Athletics Final in 2005 with a leap of 6.75 m, a performance she considers her best. She won silver medal in women's long jump in 15th Asian Games, 2006 held at Doha. In 2007, <mask> won silver medal in 17th Asian Athletics Championship at Amman (Jordan) with a jump of 6.65m and this qualified her for Osaka World Championship in August 2007 where she finished 9th. <mask> start her 2008 season with silver medal in 3rd Asian Indoor Championship in athletics at Doha (Qatar) with a jump of 6.38m and she improved her distance to 6.50m by

masks: Anju Anju Anju Anju Anju Anju Anju


title: Anju Bobby George

texts:
 winning gold in the 3rd South Asian Athletics Championship at Kochi ( Kerala, India).She received the Arjuna award in 2002–2003 for eminent sports persons from the government of India and the country's highest sporting honour, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 2003–2004 after her success in the World Athletic meet. She was conferred Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian award in 2004. <mask> was ranked 28th on 12 February 2007 rankings of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF)(She was once ranked World No. 4). <mask>'s journey to success from rank 61 in 2001 to rank 6 in 2003 within a short span of two years, was one of sheer hard work and intensive planning. The credit for her success goes to her husband and coach <mask> <mask>, who, according to her, was the biggest influence who helped her in realising her potential and achieving the goal. <mask>, who is a mechanical engineer and a former national champion in triple jump himself, gave up his career to become a full-time coach to <mask> in 1998.He belongs to a sports family and is the younger brother of the famous volleyball player. <mask> and <mask>, realising that international exposure is essential for competing in world-class events, made necessary arrangements and trained with Mike Powell, a world record holder, before the World Athletics meet, which gave her valuable exposure in technique. She contested at the 2004 Athens Olympics but remained on 5th position with her personal best score of 6.83. She also contested at the 2008 Beijing Olympics but failed to qualify for the women's long jump event, fouling in all her three attempts. <mask> <mask> pulled out of the 52nd national inter-state athletics in Hyderabad, due to an upper respiratory tract infection. Personal life

<mask> is married  to <mask> <mask>, who is a former national champion

masks:
Anju
Anju
Robert Bobby
George
Bobby
Anju
Anju
Bobby
Anju
Bobby George
Anju
Robert Bobby
George


title: Robert H. Paul

texts:
<mask> "Bob" <mask> (June 12, 1830 – March 26, 1901) was a law enforcement officer in the American Southwest for more than 30 years. He was sheriff of Pima County, Arizona Territory from April 1881 to 1886 and a friend of Deputy U.S. Marshall Virgil Earp and his brother Wyatt Earp. At  and , he was described as "larger than life". Others described him as "powerful, fearless and very lucky". Early life
<mask> was born in Lowell, Massachusetts on June 12, 1830 and at age 12 (some reports say age 14) went to sea from New Bedford, Massachusetts on the whaling ship Majestic with his older brother John. When the voyage ended two years later in the Sandwich Islands, the captain sold the cargo of whale oil and gave <mask> his share, $250 (approximately $ as of ). He shipped out as a merchant sailor for the next two years and when his ship put in at San Francisco on February 2, 1848, he left to try his luck in the California gold fields.Mining in California
He worked a placer mine in Hangtown for several months without success. He followed others to fresh discoveries of gold on the Yuba River and then to the Mokelumne River, where he found and worked a successful mining claim. He was first elected constable in Campo Seco in 1854, and a month later was appointed Calaveras County Deputy Sheriff for the next three years. In 1857 he was appointed undersheriff. He was responsible for breaking up the Tom Bell gang that was operating in Calaveras and Placer County. In 1862 he married Margaret Coughlan, a 17-year-old Irish woman,  in Mokelumne Hill. They had 10 children, only six of whom lived to adulthood.He tried mining again but had no luck and in the 1870s  took a job as a stagecoach shotgun messenger for Wells Fargo &

masks:
Robert Havlin
Paul
Bob Paul
Paul


title: Robert H. Paul

texts:
 Co. operating out of San Andreas and later Visalia, California

He was so successful at his job with Wells Fargo that in 1878, Wells Fargo superintendent J.J. Valentine ordered Bob to Arizona to deal with a series of gold bullion robberies in Maricopa, Arizona. Bob was joined in 1879 by Al Sieber and Johnny Behan in a chase for the robber and murderer during the stage holdup near Gillette, Arizona (near present-day Tip Top, Arizona in Yavapai County). Election as Pima County Sheriff
With several years of experience as a sheriff in California, <mask> ran as a Republican for the office of Pima County Sheriff against Democrat Charles A. Shibell. He was a large man, at 6 foot 6", and weighed about 240 pounds. <mask> was expected to win, but on November 2, 1880, Shibell was unexpectedly reelected, and he immediately appointed Johnny Behan as the new deputy sheriff for the Tombstone region of Pima County. A week later <mask> accused Shibell and his Cowboy supporters Ike Clanton, Curly Bill Brocius, and Frank McLaury of ballot-stuffing and filed suit in the courts. Stagecoach murder

While the election decision was being argued in the courts, Bob rejoined Wells Fargo as a shotgun messenger.On the evening of March 15, 1881, the stage-driver of the Kinnear & Company stagecoach carrying US$26,000 in silver bullion (about $ in today's dollars) en route from Tombstone to Benson, Arizona took ill in Contention City and <mask> took the reins and the driver's seat. Three Cowboys: Jim Crane, <mask> & Bill Leonard; attempted to rob the stagecoach near Drew's Station, just outside Contention City, by first stepping into the road and commanding them to "Hold!" Immediately, Crane fired at the guard's seat killing the popular

masks:
Paul
Paul
Bob Paul
Paul
Harry Head


title: Robert H. Paul

texts:
 and well-known driver Eli 'Budd' Philpot. <mask> believed that this shot was meant for him because Philpot was in the shotgun messenger seat that he would normally have occupied. This would lead to theories of an assassination attempt. <mask> fired his shotgun and emptied his revolver at the robbers, wounding a Cowboy later identified as Bill Leonard in the groin. In the exchange a miner named Peter Roerig, riding in the rear dickey seat, was also killed.Philpot's body lurched forward onto the horses and they spooked running off. <mask> was able to bring the stage under control after a mile by jumping onto the tongue at which point they had lost the robbers. <mask> returned to the attempted robbery site near Drews Station and joined in with the posse on an 18-day chase that produced Leonard King. King was holding the horses for the robbers and identified them by name. Court awards him office
The Arizona Territorial Supreme Court ruled on his election lawsuit in <mask>'s favor in February, but Shibell appealed, and the decision was not confirmed until April. <mask> held the position through 1886. On February 1, 1881 Cochise County was split off from Pima County, relieving him of a large and difficult territory.Ordered to arrest Wyatt Earp

Two months after the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral, on December 28, 1881, three men ambushed Virgil Earp as he walked from Schieffelin Hall back to the Cosmopolitan Hotel, where the Earps had moved for mutual support and protection. Wyatt, believing that Virgil was dying, telegraphed U.S. Marshal Crawley Dake and asked to be named as Virgil's replacement as Deputy U.S. Marshal. Dake agreed. On February 2, the Clantons were put on trial before Judge Stilwell.Ike's hat had

masks: Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul


title: Robert H. Paul

texts: been found at the scene and McMaster testified that he had been in Charleston the evening of the shooting. He said that when Ike learned that Virgil had survived the shooting, Ike said he "would have to go back and do the job over." However, Charleston constable George McKelvey, saloon owner J. B. Ayers and five others testified that Ike Clanton had been in Charleston and could not have taken part in the shooting. The charges were dismissed for lack of evidence. On Saturday evening, March 18, 1882, Morgan Earp was waiting for saloon owner <mask> to line up a billiards shot when two bullets were fired through the window of the back door of the saloon. Morgan was shot through the spine and died within the hour.While escorting the maimed Virgil and Morgan's remains to the train in Tucson, Deputy U.S. Marshal Wyatt Earp, Warren Earp and other deputies found Frank Stilwell lying in wait in the railyard and killed him. Tucson Justice of the Peace Charles Meyer issued arrest warrants for five of the Earps' party. The federal posse returned to Tombstone. Meyer sent a telegram to Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan instructing him to arrest them. The telegraph office manager, a friend of the Earps, delayed its delivery long enough to allow the Earps and their associates to make ready to leave town Tuesday evening. Behan got the telegram in the early evening and told Wyatt he wanted to see him.Wyatt replied "Johnny, if you're not careful you'll see me once too often." Ignoring Behan, the well-armed Earp posse rode out of town the same evening of Tuesday, March 21. They headed for the woodcutting camp of Pete Spence in the South Pass in the Dragoon Mountains. When the Cowboys suspected of maiming  Virgil and


title: Robert H. Paul

texts: assassinating Morgan Earp went free on the strength of their confederates' alibis, and due to legal technicalities, Wyatt Earp decided he had to take matters into his own hands. He formed a federal posse and sought revenge against those they held responsible. In the next three days they killed Florentino "Indian Charlie" Cruz, Curly Bill Brocius, and Johnny Barnes. Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan organized a posse to pursue and arrest them, but <mask> did not join in.<mask> said that the posse led by Behan was mostly hostile to the Earps and that a meeting would mean bloodshed. He stated that the Earps would return to Tucson and turn themselves in. Tucson, where the Earps had killed Stilwell, was in <mask>'s jurisdiction, but <mask> was a friend of the Earps and failed to execute the warrant. The Pima County Supervisors ordered <mask> later that year to bring Wyatt Earp and <mask> back from Colorado. <mask> knew of warrants for the Earp's arrest, but he only served a warrant on <mask>. Colorado Governor Frederick W. Pitkin was persuaded by Earp friend Bat Masterson to prevent <mask>day's extradition, and <mask> returned empty handed. On May 16, 1882, the sheriff of Arapahoe County, Colorado notified Cochise County Sheriff Johnny Behan that he had Wyatt and Warren Earp in his custody, along with <mask>.Behan applied to the governor for money to go to Colorado to bring the Earps back, but Governor Fremont instead gave the funds to Pima County Sheriff <mask>. <mask> had received word on the same day from Denver that the sheriff there had five of the Earp party in custody. When <mask> arrived in Denver, he served a warrant for <mask>'s arrest on charges that he killed Frank Stilwell in Tucson. Wyatt Earp,

masks:
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul
Doc Holliday
Paul
Doc Holliday
Holli
Paul
Doc Holliday
Bob Paul
Paul
Paul
Doc Holiday


title: Robert H. Paul

texts:
 also in Denver, feared for <mask>'s life if he was returned to Tombstone. He asked his friend and Trinidad, Colorado Sheriff Bat Masterson to help get <mask> released. Sheriff Masterson appealed to Governor Frederick W. Pitkin and succeeded in getting <mask> released from jail. <mask> also knew of warrants for the Earp's arrest, but he was a friend of the men and never served the warrants.Prevents lynching
In April 1883 in the Old Pueblo in Tucson, local citizens attempted to lynch Joseph Casey, who earlier that day had murdered the jailer Deputy Sheriff <mask>. <mask> cleared the courthouse and almost single-handedly saved Casey's life. Bob served as Pima County sheriff until 1886 and later as a detective for the SPRR during 1888–90. On that job he was responsible for tracking down the robbers who held up the Stein's Pass railroad in Sonora, Mexico in 1888. In 1890 he was appointed by President <mask> as U.S. Marshal for the entire Arizona Territory and held that post until 1893, after which he served as Justice of the Peace in Tucson. He died in 1901.Over the years, <mask>'s courage, omnipresent shotgun and manhunts into Mexico drew national acclaim. <mask> died of cancer on March 26, 1901, in what his obituary called both "his first and last sickness". He was buried in Tucson's Court Street Cemetery. For further reading
John Boessenecker, When Law Was in the Holster: The Frontier Life of <mask> (University of Oklahoma Press, 2012)

References

1830 births
1901 deaths
People from Lowell, Massachusetts
People from Pima County, Arizona
People of the California Gold Rush
Arizona Territory officials
Cochise County conflict
People of the American Old West
Arizona Republicans
Arizona sheriffs
People from

masks:
Holiday
Holiday
Holiday
Paul
Andrew Holbrook
Bob Paul
Benjamin Harrison
Paul
Paul
Bob Paul


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
<mask> (2 October 1917 – 5 December 1979), who used the name of Thorn, was a New Zealand-born Australian artist and occultist, in the latter capacity adhering to a form of pantheistic / Neopagan Witchcraft largely devoted to the mythological Greek god Pan. She lived much of her later life in the bohemian area of Kings Cross, Sydney, leading her to be termed the "Witch of Kings Cross" in some of the tabloids, and from where she led her own coven of Witches. Her paintings, which have been compared to those of British occult artist Austin Osman Spare, often depicted images of supernatural entities such as pagan gods and demons, sometimes involved in sexual acts. These caused particular controversy in Australia during the 1940s and '50s, when the country "was both socially and politically conservative" with Christianity as the dominant faith and at a time when the government "promoted a harsh stance on censorship." For this reason the authorities dealt with her work harshly, with the police removing some of her work from exhibitions, confiscating books that contained her images, and attempting to prosecute her for public obscenity on a number of occasions. According to her later biographer, Nevill Drury, "<mask>'s esoteric beliefs, cosmology and visionary art are all closely intertwined – and reflect her unique approach to the magical universe." She was inspired by "the 'night' side of magic", emphasising darkness and studying the Qliphoth, alongside forms of sex magic which she had learned from the writings of English occultist Aleister Crowley.Biography

Early life: 1917–1934

masks:
Rosaleen Miriam Norton
Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts: <mask> was born in Dunedin, during a thunderstorm at about 4:30 in the morning, to an English middle class, Anglican family who had moved to the country a number of years before. She was the third of three sisters and her siblings, Cecily and Phyllis, were each over a decade older than her. In later life, she would claim that she had been born a Witch, with certain biological features to mark her out as such, including pointed ears, blue markings on her left knee and a strand of flesh that hung on her body. When she herself was eight, in June 1925, her family emigrated to Sydney. There they settled in Wolseley Street, in the wealthy northern suburb of Lindfield. As a child, <mask> never liked being conventional, and disliked most other children, as well as authority figures, including her mother Beena, with whom her relationship was very strained. Her father Albert, who was a sailor, was regularly away from home, although provided enough of an income so that the <mask>s were able to live comfortably.Nonetheless, she would later describe her life at this time as being "a generally wearisome period of senseless shibboleths, prying adults, detestable or depressing children whom I was supposed to like, and parental reproaches." Due to this, she kept herself to herself, sleeping not in the house, but in a tent which she pitched in the garden for three years, and kept a pet spider at the entrance which she named Horatius, as well as other pets including cats, lizards, tortoises, toads, dogs and a goat. <mask> was enrolled at a Church of England girls' school, where she was

masks: Norton Rosaleen Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 eventually expelled for being disruptive and drawing images of demons, vampires and other such beings which the teachers claimed had a corrupting influence on other pupils. She subsequently began attending East Sydney Technical College, studying art under the sculptor Rayner Hoff, a man who encouraged her artistic talent and whom she greatly admired. Early career: 1935–1948

Following her art college studies, <mask> set herself up to become a professional writer, with the newspaper Smith's Weekly publishing a number of her horror stories in 1934, when she was sixteen, after which they gave her the job as a cadet journalist and then as an illustrator. However, her graphic illustrations were deemed too controversial, and she lost her job at the paper. Leaving Smith's Weekly, <mask> moved out of her family home following the death of her mother, and sought employment as an artists' model, working for such painters as Norman Lindsay.To supplement this income, she also took up other forms of work, including as a hospital's kitchen maid, a waitress and a toy designer. Meanwhile, she had taken up a room in the Ship and Mermaid Inn, which overlooked Circular Quay, Sydney, where she began reading various books on the subject of the Western Esoteric Tradition, including those on demonology, the Qabalah and comparative religion. In 1935, <mask> met a man named Beresford Lionel Conroy and they married on 14 December 1940, before going on a hitch-hiking trip across Australia, from Sydney to Melbourne, and on through to Brisbane and Cairns. Returning to Sydney, Conroy enlisted as a

masks: Norton Norton Rosaleen


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 commando and went off to serve in New Guinea during the Second World War, and upon his return, <mask>, who had been forced to live in a stable during this period, demanded a divorce, which was finally settled in 1951. During their marriage, the couple lived at 46 Bayswater Road, Kings Cross in 1943. Now single once more, <mask> took up residence in a boarding house known as the Merangaroo in the Rocks area, which she enjoyed for its "eccentric, communal living." She began looking for illustration work once more, being employed by a monthly free-thinking magazine known as Pertinent, which had been founded in 1940 and which was edited by the poet Leon Batt.Batt admired <mask>'s work, which was being increasingly influenced by pagan themes, describing her as "an artist worthy of comparison with some of the best Continental, American and English contemporaries." <mask> contributed poetry and a cover illustration to Batt's anthology Not for Fools: A Collection of Pertinent Verse (1941). In 1943 <mask> exhibited her work with fellow artist Selina Muller in Sydney. Her work at this period was covered in a PIX magazine article in which she described how her paintings were 'psychic experiments' which drew heavily on her unconscious. Gavin Greenlees and the Melbourne exhibition: 1949–1950
It was at Pertinent that she met a younger man named Gavin Greenlees (1930–1983). Greenlees had grown up in a middle-class family where he had developed an early interest in surrealism, and had become a relatively successful poet, having his work published in such newspapers as ABC Weekly and

masks: Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 Australia Monthly. By mid-1949, the two had become good friends, and hitchhiked together to Melbourne, searching for a venue where <mask> could hold an exhibition of her art.They settled on the University of Melbourne's Rowden White Library, where forty-six of her paintings, including Timeless Worlds, Merlin, Lucifer and The Initiate were put on public exhibition. However, the exhibition did not go well, and only two days after it had opened, police officers had surveyed the gallery and removed four paintings – Witches' Sabbath, Lucifer, Triumph and Individuation – which they deemed to be obscene. <mask> was subsequently charged under the Police Offences Act of 1928. At the court case, held in Melbourne's Carlton Court, she was defended by A.L. Abrahams, who argued that the images in the recently published The History of Sexual Magic, a book that the Australian censors permitted, were of a far more obscene nature than <mask>'s paintings. She won the case, and was awarded £4/4/- in compensation from the police department. Kings Cross and Walter Glover: 1951–1954
With the legal hassle in Melbourne over, <mask> and Greenlees, who had become lovers, returned to Sydney, where they moved into the house at 179 Brougham Street.This was in the area known as Kings Cross, which at the time was renowned for being a red light district and for people living bohemian lifestyles, particularly artists, writers and poets. Here <mask> associated with many of the locals, including Dulcie Deamer, the "Queen of Bohemia", whose book of poetry, The Silver Branch, included one of <mask>'s

masks: Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts: pictures. Several of the local cafes in the area, such as the Arabian, the Apollyon and the Kashmir, displayed some of her artworks, and she became a relatively well known figure in Kings Cross. Increasingly, many curious visitors came to see <mask> and Greenlees at their home, which she had decorated with her own occult murals and a placard on the door stating "Welcome to the house of ghosts, goblins, werewolves, vampires, witches, wizards and poltergeists." The couple, widely seen as local eccentrics, even befriended several sympathetic police officers, although many in the police force disapproved of their activities, and searched for criminal charges that could be levelled at them. In September 1951, they arrested <mask> and Greenlees, accusing them of vagrancy (an accusation that could be levelled at anyone without a steady job, whether or not they were actually committing vagrancy). However, publisher Walter Glover came to their aid, offering them employment as his assistants.After seeing examples of the pair's work, he decided to publish a book containing a combination of <mask>'s artwork and Greenlees' poetry. The result was published as The Art of Rosaleen Norton in 1952, and contained such paintings as Black Magic, Rites of Baron Samedi and an image depicting the horned demon Fohat, with a snake for his phallus, whilst Greenlees' poems featured in the work included The Angel of Twizzari and Esoteric Study. Restricted to a limited edition of 500 copies, The Art of Rosaleen Norton had been produced to a high quality, with each edition being bound in red leather with

masks: Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts: gold blocking, illustrated endpapers, and ribbon marker. It contained 31 black-and-white reproductions of artworks by <mask> (29 of which were full-page or near full-page plates). This work was banned in New South Wales on the grounds of obscenity, and subsequently its import into the US was forbidden. The publisher, Walter Glover, had intended an edition of 1000 copies (so stated in the book), 650 to be bound in cloth (ordinary edition) and 350 in leather (the edition deluxe), with the first 20 copies of the leather edition to include a colour artwork by <mask>. Only a small number – probably less than 20 – were issued in leather due to the prohibitive cost and it is also certain that far fewer than the intended 650 copies were bound in cloth, although the exact number that were distributed is unknown.Copies numbered up to 505 are known to exist. After the book's release, Glover was charged by police with the production of an obscene publication, and <mask> was called into court to explain her artwork. The judge ruled that two of the images in the book, The Adversary and Fohat, did qualify as being obscene under Australian law, and that they had to be removed from all existing copies of the book. Glover "blacked out" the two "obscene" plates in a few copies, but most were unaltered. The authorities in the United States were even stricter, with customs actively destroying any copies of the book that were imported into their country. The controversy had helped gain publicity for <mask>'s work, but left Glover bankrupted. Alan Cross, the book's binder, realizing that he would

masks: Norton Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 never get paid, was instead given his choice of <mask> work, of which he chose Fohat.Tabloid sensationalism and Sir Eugene Goossens: 1955–1959
In 1955, a mentally ill adolescent vagrant named Anna Karina Hoffman swore at a police officer, and was subsequently charged, but at her trial claimed that her life had fallen apart after taking part in a Satanic Black Mass run by <mask> <mask>, a claim which was picked up in by the sensationalist tabloids. <mask>, who did not consider herself to be a Satanist but a pagan, denied these claims, and Hoffman later admitted that she had made them up. However, by this time, the press had published stories accusing <mask> of being a devil worshipper and even engaging in animal sacrifice, a practice which <mask> abhorred. With this public outcry against her work, the police once more began to act against her and those who supported her. In 1955, they successfully took the proprietor of a local restaurant, the Kashmir, to court, for displaying some of her works publicly. That same year, the police raided <mask> and Greenlees' home, and accused them of performing "an unnatural sexual act", evidence for which they had obtained in a photograph displaying Greenlees in ritual garb flagellating <mask>'s buttocks. It was subsequently revealed that the photos had been taken at <mask>'s birthday party, and stolen by two members of their coven, Francis Honer and Raymond Ager, who planned to sell it to The Sun newspaper for £200.Meanwhile, the successful English classical music composer and conductor Sir Eugene Goossens (1893–1962), who was then in

masks: Norton Rosaleen Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 Australia and who had an interest in the occult, read a copy of The Art of Rosaleen <mask> and decided to write to the artist herself. She invited him to meet her, and the two, alongside Gavin Greenlees, became friends and lovers. In March 1956, Goossens was arrested attempting to bring 800 erotic photographs, some film and ritual masks into Australia from London, and was charged under Section 233 of the Customs Act. In court, he pleaded guilty to bringing "blasphemous, indecent or obscene works" into the country and was fined £100. He resigned his positions at both the Sydney Symphony Orchestra and New South Wales Conservatorium of Music and returned to Britain, his international career ending in disgrace. <mask>'s relationship with Goossens ended. Soon the life that <mask> had held with Greenlees also collapsed, as he was admitted to Callan Park Hospital in 1955.In 1957 he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. <mask> continued to visit and support him through his temporary release in 1964 and afterward, but Greenlees was re-admitted after attempting to kill <mask> with a knife during a schizophrenic episode of his. He was discharged permanently in 1983, approximately four years after her death. Later life: 1960–1979

The tabloid attention surrounding <mask> had intensified in the late 1950s, leading tourists to come into the area in search of her. Despite the fact that at the time witchcraft was still illegal in New South Wales (the British Witchcraft Act 1735 had been repealed in England in 1951, but would not be repealed in New South Wales until 1971), <mask> openly

masks: Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 declared herself to be a Witch. She tried to explain her beliefs to interviewers, emphasizing her faith in pantheism. Along with selling her paintings, she was using witchcraft to supplement her income by making charms and casting hexes for people.<mask> temporarily moved into her sister Cecily's flat in Kirribilli, one of the few family members <mask> got along with. But in 1967, <mask> moved back to Kings Cross, taking up residence in a derelict house in Bourke Street, Darlinghurst. She later moved into a ground floor apartment in Whitby flats in the Roslyn Gardens area, Elizabeth Bay, accompanied by her pets. Here, <mask> began to live a more reclusive and private existence, avoiding the media attention of previous decades. <mask> was a worshipper of Pan until her death in 1979; she died from colon cancer at the Sacred Heart Hospice for the Dying, in Darlinghurst, Sydney. Shortly before she died she is reported as saying: "I came into the world bravely; I'll go out bravely." A plaque dedicated to her has since been installed in Darlinghurst Road, Kings Cross.Legacy
Following her death, <mask>'s many paintings, which were owned by Don Deaton, a local printer and pub owner, were sold at auction to a single collector, Jack Parker, for £5000, who displayed them at his Southern Cross Hotel in St Peters, Sydney. Meanwhile, Walter Glover gained the rights to republish The Art of Rosaleen Norton, re-releasing it in a facsimile edition in 1982 with a new introduction by Nevill Drury and four colour plates that did not appear in the first edition. There was an 'edition deluxe' of

masks: Norton Rosaleen Rosaleen Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts: the 1982 reprint, housed in an ivory slipcase and signed by the publisher; approximately 50 copies of this were printed. Following this, in 1984, he published A Supplement to the Art of Rosaleen <mask>, which contained colour prints of nineteen of the works which had been featured in her 1949 Melbourne exhibition. In December 1982, a play opened at the Tom Mann Theatre in Sydney entitled Rosaleen – Wicked Witch of the Cross, by Barry Lowe. It starred Jane Parker as <mask>, Peter Laurence as Glover, Christopher Lyons as Greenlees and Alan Archer as Pan, and was attended by both Wally Glover and Gavin Greenlees themselves. However, according to Nevill Drury, who was invited to the show by Glover, "the play itself had most of the weaknesses of an amateur production – it was unconvincingly acted and was not acclaimed a critical success."In 1988, the anthropologist Nevill Drury, who had published books on the subject of witchcraft and magic, released a biography of <mask> entitled Pan's Daughter: The Strange World of <mask> <mask>. This volume was subsequently re-released under the title The Witch of Kings Cross. He later "substantially expanded and reworked" this into a new book titled Homage to Pan: The Life, Art and Sex-Magic of <mask> <mask>, which was published in 2009. Drury had himself met her only on one occasion, at her apartment in 1977, at a time when she had become somewhat of a recluse. In 2000, an exhibition of <mask>'s paintings was held in Kings Cross, Sydney, organised by various enthusiasts including Keith Richmond, and Barry William Hale of the Australian Ordo

masks: Norton Norton Norton Rosaleen Norton Rosaleen Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts: Templi Orientis. A full-colour catalogue, The Occult Visions of Rosaleen <mask> was published to accompany this exhibition. In 2009, Teitan Press published Thorn in the Flesh: A Grim-memoir by <mask>, with an introduction by Australian Norton scholar Keith Richmond.The volume comprises (often humorous) poetry, reminiscences, and various occult jottings by <mask> <mask>, with reproductions of two photographs of <mask>, as well as some half-a-dozen examples of her art, mainly in colour. In 2012 <mask>'s work was included in the major exhibition "Windows to the Sacred", which was curated by Robert Buratti and toured Australian museums until 2016. The exhibition drew together drawings and paintings alongside work by Aleister Crowley, Austin Osman Spare, surrealist James Gleeson and many others. In 2013 the Teitan Press issued the first US edition of The Art of <mask> <mask>, an edition which includes a 40-page introduction by Norton scholar Keith Richmond. Richmond is working on a full-length biography of <mask>. In 2017 an exhibition of <mask>'s artwork, curated by Robert Buratti and Aaron Lister, was exhibited as part of "Occulture: The Dark Arts" at City Gallery in Wellington, New Zealand. This was the first major showing of the artist in her country of birth.Several filmmakers have expressed interest in making films about <mask>'s life. In a 1993 interview given to Black and White magazine, Kenneth Anger said that he was putting finishing touches to a film treatment he had written about <mask>'s life, but the film was never realized. In addition, Australian filmmaker Sonia

masks: Norton Norton Rosaleen Norton Norton Norton Rosaleen Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 Bible worked on a documentary about <mask>, featuring interviews with many living people who knew <mask>. This documentary, titled The Witch of Kings Cross, was released in 2021 via Amazon, iTunes, Vimeo, GooglePlay, and in selected theaters. Personal life
Although her two main sexual relationships in her life were with men (Gavin Greenlees and Sir Eugene Goossens), <mask> was bisexual, and allegedly enjoyed all forms of sexual activity with both men and women, including bondage and sado-masochism. She was also known to enjoy sexual intercourse with gay men, believing that in such situations she could play the active role. She also actively engaged in sex magic among her coven, having learned much about it from the writings of Aleister Crowley and from Goossens, who himself had been very much interested in Crowley's work.Religious beliefs
<mask> devised her own variety of neopagan witchcraft, establishing a Wicca tradition that, according to English witch Doreen Valiente, became known as "The Goat Fold". References

Sources

 , chapter reprinted from the last issue of Sex and Censorship (1958). Revised/expanded version of Pan's Daughter. Revised/expanded version of Pan's Daughter and Witch of King's Cross.
 . Issued in a limited/numbered leather edition of only 95 copies and also in trade hardcover and paperback editions. The witching hour: sex magic in the 1950s Australia

  See <mask> and Eugene Goossens. Bibliography

Books by <mask> <mask>
 The Art of <mask> <mask> with poems by Gavin Greenlees.Walter Glover, Sydney. 1952. 2nd edition: Walter Glover, Bondi Beach.

masks: Norton Norton Norton Norton Norton Rosaleen Norton Rosaleen Norton


title: Rosaleen Norton

texts:
 1982. . US edition: The Teitan Press, 2013 (with new introduction by Keith Richmond). Supplement to: The Art of Rosaleen <mask> (1982 Edition) with poems by Gavin Greenlees. Walter Glover, Bondi Beach, N.S.W.1984. .
Three Macabre Stories (US: Typographeum Press, 1996; revised edition: US: Teitan Press, 2010). Three rare Lovecraftian stories originally published by <mask> in the periodical Smith's Weekly. (The Teitan Press 2010 edition includes additional material and reprints three satirical illustrations by <mask> originally published in Smith's Weekly.) Thorn in the Flesh: A Grim-Memoire (US: Teitan Press, 2009). Limited to 880 numbered copies. Poetry, magical writings and miscellanea. Note: The first 300 copies (only) of this publication included a CD of some readings by <mask>, made from reel-to-reel tapes recorded by <mask>.External links

 <mask> <mask> – Australia's Favourite Witch

 Mixcloud
 <mask> <mask>

1917 births
1979 deaths
People from Dunedin
Australian occultists
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Deaths from cancer in New South Wales
LGBT artists from Australia
LGBT artists from New Zealand
Bisexual artists
Bisexual women
Australian women artists
N
Pantheists
New Zealand emigrants to


title: Laxmi Narayan Tripathi

texts:
<mask> (known as <mask>, sometimes transliterated as Lakshmi) is a transgender/Hijra rights activist, bollywood actress, Bharatanatyam dancer, choreographer and motivational speaker in Mumbai, India. She is also the Acharya Mahamandaleshwar of kinnar akhada. She was born in Malti Bai Hospital on 13th Dec 1978 in Thane. She is the first transgender person to represent Asia Pacific in the UN in 2008. At the assembly, she spoke of the plight of sexual minorities. "People should be more human like. They should respect us as humans and consider our rights as transgenders," she said.She was a contestant on the popular reality show Bigg Boss in 2011. Her efforts helped the first Transgender team to scale a Himalayan peak (Friendship peak) in 2020. Early life
Laxmi was the eldest born who was assigned male at birth, into an orthodox Brahmin family in Thane, Maharashtra. After completing her schooling from Bims Paradise, Kopri, Thane, she acquired an arts degree from Mumbai's Mithibai College and a postgraduate degree in Bharatnatyam. Often being told she was gay and being called "homo", in about grade 5 Laxmi sought out the only gay person she knew, Ashok Row Kavi. She starred in several Ken Ghosh dance videos and went on to become a choreographer herself. In a video for Project Bolo she recalls meeting the first PhD trans student in India, Shabira.She met the hijra community through Shabira and soon after became a bar dancer. She was fairly famous having admirers come from across the city to watch her dance. However this was short lived as Maharashtra home minister RR Patil decided to shut down the city's dance bars. Laxmi organized protests against this move. The dancers lost but Laxmi got her first

masks:
Laxmi Narayan Tripathi
Laxmi


title: Laxmi Narayan Tripathi

texts:
 taste for activism. Activism
<mask> has served on the boards of several NGOs which conduct LGBT activist work. In 2002 she became president of the NGO DAI Welfare Society, the first registered and working organization for eunuchs in South Asia.In 2007 she started her own organization, Astitiva. This organization works to promote the welfare of sexual minorities, their support and development. Soon after she left India for the first time and headed to Toronto, Canada for Asia Pacific sex workers network. Her passport stated that she was a female, transgender and eunuch. When Kavi started to appeal Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, which made homosexuality a crime; <mask> joined his team. During a press conference with the media and Zee TV she appeared in full makeup and women's clothing. This is when her parents found out about her association with the hijra community.It was shocking news as her parents were looking into marriage proposals. In an interview with BBC her father was asked about his thoughts on his child's sexuality he responded, "if my child was handicapped would you even ask me whether I’d have asked him to leave home? And just because his sexual orientation is different?" In April 2014 Indian Supreme Court recognized transgender rights, officially recognizing them as a third gender which gives relief to an estimated 3 million people within India. Laxmi along with a legal agency had petitioned the court to recognize transgender as a third category on all documents. Alongside this recognition the courts have ordered the government to provide quotas in jobs and education, similar to the ones for other minority groups in India. Governments were also ordered by apex courts to

masks: Laxmi Laxmi


title: Laxmi Narayan Tripathi

texts:
 construct third washrooms and create health departments to take care of transsexual medical needs.They will also be entitled to adopt children and after reassignment surgery identify with their gender of choice. In popular culture
Laxmi frequently gives interviews and otherwise represents the LGBTQIA+ community in popular media. Laxmi has starred in several TV shows. She was a participant in the Indian television show Bigg Boss 5. She was evicted after six weeks. She also starred in Sach Ka Samna with Rajeev Khandelval, 10 Ka Dum with Salman Khan and Raaz Pichle Janam Ka. In Sach Ka Samna it was the first time India saw a transgender person on TV with their parents.Which allowed for there to be an open conversation about hijras and myths surrounding them. <mask> starred in an award-winning documentary in 2005, Between the Lines: India's Third Gender. <mask> is featured in Project Bolo, a documentary series about LGBT Indians that has been released on DVD. In 2011 <mask> starred in Queens! Destiny Of Dance, an award-winning Bollywood movie about hijras that garnered rave reviews. <mask> co-wrote her biography, Red Lipstick, with Pooja Pande. The book was published by Penguin in 2016.Personal life
In Bigg Boss, <mask> said that she had been in a relationship with a man for two years. She is currently engaged to Indian transmale bodybuilder Aryan Pasha and the two have been narrating their tale of pious togetherness with pride all over the social media. She has adopted two children and lives in Thane. She told Project Bolo that she got breast augmentation but did not receive any hormone therapy. She told them she got a lot of backlash from the hijra community for her speaking out and meeting

masks: Laxmi Tripathi Laxmi Laxmi Tripathi


title: Laxmi Narayan Tripathi

texts:
 Salman Rushdie. Awards
 Awarded 'Indian of the Year 2017'. Criticisms and controversies
<mask> was criticised by the queer community for her comments on Ram mandir construction in Ayodhya."Being a dominant caste brahmin transwoman, she appeals to the Hindutva ideology and justifies the existence of caste system in India ever since she started aspiring for a political position in the current ruling party" reads the joint statement issued by the community. Laxmi supported Akshay Kumar in launching Laxmmi Bomb which was criticized by the trans community for being transphobic and misogynistic. In April 2021, during India's COVID second wave, Laxmi was criticized by the Indian Queer community for her hypocrisy. Laxmi started a Covid relief crowdfunding campaign, a week after she violated all the COVID precautions by gathering thousands of people at Kumbh Mela. Upon being held responsible for her actions, her then partner resorted to verbal abuse on social media. Television

References

External links
Laxmi's interview on gender and sexuality

LGBT entertainers from India
LGBT actors from India
LGBT rights activists from India
Hijra (South Asia) people
Transgender rights activists
Transgender and transsexual women
Living people
LGBT Hindus
Bigg Boss (Hindi TV series) contestants
1979


title: Scout Niblett

texts:
<mask> (born 29 September 1973), better known by the stage name <mask>, is an English singer, songwriter, and multi-instrumentalist. Niblett debuted in 2001 with her first full-length studio album Sweet Heart Fever, and has gone on to release five more studio albums. In 2013, Niblett released her sixth studio album, It's Up to Emma, which she mixed and produced. Niblett's music is frequently minimalist in style, many of her songs consisting merely of vocals accompanied by either drums or guitar. She is also known for her intimate live shows. In addition to songwriting and music, Niblett is also a professional astrologer, and often incorporates astrological themes into her song lyrics. Early life and education
Niblett was born in Stone, Staffordshire, England, and was raised in the nearby historic market town of Rugeley.She was classically trained on piano and violin as a child. Niblett began recording compositions she made up on the piano as a child, and later in early adulthood on the guitar. She studied music, fine art and performance art at Nottingham Trent University. Career

2000s
Niblett began performing at clubs in Nottingham while attending college. She chose her stage name in honour of Jean Louise "<mask>" Finch, the protagonist in Harper Lee's 1960 novel To Kill a Mockingbird. After sending out her EP demo CD "Alene Had It All" (recorded under the name Lion, and accompanied by drummer Kristian Godard), consisting of vocals, guitar, and drums, to multiple record companies, Niblett was approached by Secretly Canadian, who had been given her demos by Jason Molina of Songs: Ohia. The following year, Niblett released a 7" split-single with Songs: Ohia, contributing the track "Miss My Lion".Niblett followed the single with her debut album, Sweet Heart Fever, released by Secretly Canadian in 2001, which she recorded at Chem Nineteen Recordings in Hamilton, Scotland with producer

masks:
Emma Louise Niblett
Scout Niblett
Scout


title: Scout Niblett

texts:
 Andy Miller. Her follow-up release was a one-sided 10" EP, I Conjure Series, recorded live, where Niblett plays all the instruments herself. Niblett relocated to the United States in 2003 to continue pursuing a music career, saying: "The underground music culture in America is big enough so that you can make a living from it without being super famous. The mainstream culture of music [in England] is so different, because it's all based on selling things... In America you don't have to enter into that, you can still survive. You don't have to be in the industry there and you do [in England], so I had to leave". She has resided in Portland, Oregon since 2005.2010s
In 2010, Niblett released her fifth studio album, The Calcination of <mask>tt, marking her debut release with Drag City. The album received positive critical reviews from Pitchfork and Spin, who noted: "[Niblett's] minimal songs – just one guitar and sporadic drums – unfold laboriously, as though forcing themselves from Niblett's clenched mouth and hands." Niblett followed this with a single, No More Nasty Scrubs, in 2012, which featured covers of TLC's "No Scrubs" and "Nasty" by Janet Jackson. Her sixth studio album, It's Up to Emma, which she recorded in Portland, Oregon, and mixed the record herself. It was released on 21 May 2013 also on Drag City, and received positive critical acclaim from Pitchfork, Allmusic, and NME. Music and influences

Niblett's unorthodox musical arrangements have been noted by critics, particularly her sparse instrumentation and dramatic shifts in tempos. In her earlier work, specifically I Am and Kidnapped by Neptune, many of Niblett's songs consisted of vocals accompanied only by drums; "[I wanted to] make drumming and singing be as accessible as me playing guitar and singing," she said in a 2004 interview.Her later albums featured Niblett mainly on guitar, and with a backing drummer. Niblett


title: Scout Niblett

texts:
 Personal life
Niblett seldom discusses her personal life. Apart from her career in music, she has an obsessive interest in astrology and is also a professional astrologer. "My dad bought me a book about astrology when I was about seven and I literally haven't stopped studying it since," she said. Themes and references to planets occasionally appear in Niblett's lyrics, and she explained the naming of her third album, Kidnapped by Neptune: "The reason that album was called Kidnapped by Neptune was because Neptune was what they call 'transiting my ascendant' at the time and it literally did feel like I didn't know who I was. The energies of Neptune are dissolving your ego and it really kind of shakes you up.Right now Pluto, but also Uranus are equally battling, challenging my Sun." She also is said to use astrology to predict the best place and time to record her music. Discography

Albums
Sweet Heart Fever (2001)
I Am (2003)
Kidnapped by Neptune (2005)
This Fool Can Die Now (2007)
The Calcination of <mask>blett (2010)
It's Up to Emma (2013)

References

External links

<mask>tt's official site
<mask>blett on MySpace
<mask>tt at Epitonic.com

1973 births
Alternative rock guitarists
Alumni of Nottingham Trent University
English songwriters
English women guitarists
English guitarists
English astrologers
20th-century astrologers
21st-century astrologers
English contraltos
English experimental musicians
Women guitarists
British women drummers
British indie rock musicians
Living people
English multi-instrumentalists
Musicians from Nottinghamshire
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
People from Rugeley
Drag City (record label) artists
Guitarists from Oregon
21st-century English singers
21st-century English women singers
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century drummers
21st-century American women guitarists
Secretly Canadian artists
20th-century English women
20th-century English

masks:
Scout Ni
Scout Nible
Scout Ni
Scout Nible