title: Peng Shuai

texts: before losing to Alizé Cornet of France. In early 2009, <mask> announced that she will be coached full-time for the 2009 season by Tarik Benhabiles.<mask> won the Sydney International doubles title with Hsieh Su-wei, defeating Nathalie Dechy and Casey Dellacqua in the final. Peng defeated 28th seed Francesca Schiavone in the first round of the Australian Open and Bulgarian qualifier Sesil Karatantcheva in the second. She lost to second seed and eventual champion Serena Williams in the third round, in two sets. She played doubles with Hsieh, they made the quarterfinals losing to the Williams sisters in three sets. At the Italian Open in May, <mask> partnered with Hsieh again and won the doubles title as the seventh seed by defeating fifth seeded Daniela Hantuchová and Ai Sugiyama, in two close sets. At the French Open, <mask> was seeded 31 but was knocked out in the first round by unseeded clay specialist María José Martínez Sánchez, in three sets. However, in doubles, partnering Hsieh once again, and as the ninth seeds, have made it into the semifinals by defeating seventh-seeded Hantuchová & Sugiyama in the third round, and unseeded Radwańska sisters in the quarterfinals.In the semifinals, they lost to 12th-seeded team of Victoria Azarenka and Elena Vesnina. At the 2009 Wimbledon Championships, <mask> was unseeded and defeated US teenager Alexa Glatch in three sets. She fell to No. 11 Agnieszka Radwańska in the second round, after a mammoth battle of three and a half hours. Despite saving five match points, she eventually lost in three sets. Her 'never say die' attitude won her the admiration of many English fans. At the US Open, unseeded <mask>

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title: Peng Shuai

type: original

texts: defeated Jarmila Groth in straight sets.However, in the next round, she lost to eventual semifinalist, Yanina Wickmayer, also unseeded, in three sets after having a one break lead in the third set. During the China Open, after beating qualifier Yaroslava Shvedova, Peng went on to beat 2008 China Open champion and former world No. 1, Jelena Janković after Janković had picked up a wrist injury in the latter stages of the match. In the third round, Peng came face to face with another former world No. 1, Maria Sharapova, which Peng managed to win in straight sets. In the quarterfinals, she lost to Nadia Petrova, winning the first set 7–6, but then started to feel pains in her leg, losing the next two sets. However, in doubles, <mask> partnered with Hsieh and won the title, bringing her ranking to a career high of 13.By her good performance there, her singles ranking rose up to 42 in the world. <mask> began her 2010 world tour with a first-round loss at the Brisbane International to Hungarian Ágnes Szávay. At the Hobart International, <mask> defeated Sorana Cîrstea in the first round before she fell to fellow Chinese Zheng Jie. At the Australian Open, <mask> was once again drawn against Zheng Jie. She took the first set 6–0 but could not hold the lead, losing the next two sets. <mask> then travelled to the US to compete at the Indian Wells Open. In the first round, she outlasted Ekaterina Makarova, beating her 6–1, 2–6, 6–4.In the second round, she defeated 20th seed Alona Bondarenko before losing to 16th seed Nadia Petrova in the third. Unseeded at the Miami Open, she defeated Vania King in the first round. In the second, Peng faced top seed and world

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Peng Shuai

texts: No. 4, Svetlana Kuznetsova, and lost to Kuznetsova. It was the fourth time that she lost in the second round at Miami. At the Ponte Vedra Beach Championships, <mask> was unseeded again and defeated Chang Kai-chen in the first round after being 1–4 down in the first set. In the second round, she was defeated by eighth-seeded American Melanie Oudin.Peng then competed at the Charleston Cup  where she defeated Shenay Perry in the opening round and fifth seed Marion Bartoli in the second round. Bartoli retired at 6–2, 6–7, 3–4 to allow Peng to move into the third round, where she defeated tenth seed Elena Vesnina. In the quarterfinals, she was defeated by fourth seed Samantha Stosur despite being up a break 4–2 in the first set. Seeded seventh at the Estoril Open, <mask> eased past Julie Coin to book a second-round encounter with Tatjana Malek, which she also won in straight sets. In the quarterfinals, Peng defeated fourth seed and clay-court specialist Anabel Medina Garrigues in a match lasting three hours. She was defeated by Anastasija Sevastova in the semifinals, in three sets. Peng then received a wildcard into the Premier Mandatory Madrid Open.In the first round, she was 3–0 up against tenth seed Victoria Azarenka before she retired due to a right adductor muscle strain. In the second round, <mask> was defeated by fellow double-hander Arantxa Parra Santonja. <mask> then withdrew from the French Open and missed the whole of the grass-court season due to illness. She entered the Budapest Grand Prix after her long illness break. In the first round, she defeated Silvia Njirić but fell to Sevastova in the second. In the US Open, <mask> advanced to the


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 third round by beating wildcard Shelby Rogers in the first round and ninth seed Agnieszka Radwańska in the second round. <mask> withdrew from the tournament before next match with injury, handing Andrea Petkovic a place in the fourth round.She then suffered two first-round exits at the Pan Pacific Open and the China Open. In Tokyo, she lost to Christina McHale in the first round of qualifying. In the first round of Beijing, where she made the quarterfinals in 2009, Peng lost to Sara Errani. This loss caused her to drop to No. 95 in the world. Unseeded at the Luxembourg Open, Peng drew top-seed and world No. 9, Elena Dementieva, in the first round.<mask> played a great match and led 5–1 in the second set, but Dementieva launched a comeback and won 7–5, 7–6. This was <mask>'s last WTA Tour match of the 2010 season. She continued on the ITF Circuit with a trophy at the $100k event in Taipei, played on carpet. Along the way <mask> defeated Bojana Jovanovski in the quarterfinals, Tamarine Tanasugarn in the semifinals and Ayumi Morita in the final. <mask> ended season representing China in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China. She won a gold medal in the team event alongside teammates Li Na, Yan Zi and <mask>. In the doubles event, she gained a bronze medal with her partner Yan Zi, and in the singles event, she won another gold medal, defeating Akgul Amanmuradova of Uzbekistan in two sets.2011–2012

<mask> kicked off her 2011 season at the Auckland Open where she was unseeded and defeated Johanna Larsson in the first round 6–1, 6–3. In the second round, she caused a big upset by defeating No. 3 seed Kuznetsova, after being a double break down 0–3

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title: Peng Shuai

texts: in the final set. In the quarterfinals, she defeated British qualifier Heather Watson. Despite playing some of her best tennis in the semifinals, Peng lost to defending champion and No. 2 seed, Yanina Wickmayer in 2 hours and 53 minutes. In the first round of the Hobart International, <mask> took out No.3 seed Tsvetana Pironkova in the first round. She then defeated qualifier Olga Govortsova, and No. 7 seed Sara Errani in straight sets to move into her second semifinal of 2011 where she lost to Bethanie Mattek-Sands in three. At the Australian Open, <mask> was unseeded and defeated Kateryna Bondarenko in the first round. She then toppled seventh seed Jelena Janković in the second round. She then moved into the fourth round of a Grand Slam for the first time in her career after a three-set win over Ayumi Morita. In the fourth round, <mask> was defeated in a hard-fought match against 12th seed Agnieszka Radwańska, despite having two match points at 5–4 in the final set.After her fourth round performance, her ranking rose to No. 40, making her the second highest-ranked Chinese player after Li Na, since Zheng Jie slipped down the rankings after not being able to defend her semifinal points. <mask>'s next tournament was the Pattaya Open. She was seeded sixth and defeated Chan Yung-jan in the first round and in the second round she defeated Elena Baltacha. In the quarterfinals, she was narrowly defeated by top seed Vera Zvonareva despite being up 4–3, 40–15 in the final set. At the Dubai Championships, <mask> entered the qualifying draw as the No. 2 seed and defeated wildcard Vanessa Henke in the first round 6–1, 6–0.She then qualified for the main draw


title: Peng Shuai

texts: Shahar Pe'er. <mask> rose to a new career-high ranking of No. 30 and was seeded 11th at the Family Circle Cup in Charleston. In the first round, she defeated qualifier Sloane Stephens 6–2, 6–1, and in the second round Ayumi Morita, with the same score. In the third round, she outlasted seventh seed Nadia Petrova to reach the quarterfinals where she defeated Indian qualifier Sania Mirza. Elena Vesnina upset her in the semifinals.Due to her good performance, <mask> rose to a new career high of 29 in the world rankings. After a short break, <mask> resumed competition at the Madrid Open where she was defeated by No. 3 seed Francesca Schiavone in a narrow two-setter. This was <mask>'s first first-round defeat of 2011. In the first round of the Italian Open in Rome, she was defeated by American qualifier Christina McHale in just under three hours. However, <mask> won the doubles title alongside Zheng Jie, defeating No. 3 seeds Yaroslava Shvedova and Vania King, in straight sets.Peng played her final warm-up tournament prior to Roland Garros at the Brussels Open as the No. 8 seed. In the first round, she defeated Kirsten Flipkens and then destroying qualifier Abigail Spears 6–2, 6–0 in the second round. In the quarterfinals, <mask>'s good form continued with a two-set-defeat of Sofia Arvidsson. In the semifinals, <mask> secured her first victory over current world No. 3, Vera Zvonareva, in straight sets to reach her first Premier final and fourth final of her career. In the final, <mask> eventually fell to world No.1, Caroline Wozniacki, in three sets. At the French Open, <mask> defeated Tamira Paszek of Austria in the first round, and in the second

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Peng Shuai

texts: Polona Hercog. In the third round, she was up against defending champion Francesca Schiavone, but retiring due to illness. She broke into the top 20 after her run in the French Open. Peng then moved onto grass and played the Birmingham Classic, reaching the semifinals with wins over Naomi Broady, Heather Watson and Marina Erakovic before falling to eventual champion Sabine Lisicki in straight sets. <mask> also competed at the Eastbourne International, falling to third seed Azarenka in the first round. At Wimbledon, <mask> defeated Kirsten Flipkens in the first round 6–0, 6–4 and reached the third round by defeating local hope Elena Baltacha.She beat Melinda Czink in the third round and faced the fifth seed, Maria Sharapova, in the round of 16, losing to the eventual runner-up in straight sets. Posting good results at Cincinnati, where she reached the quarterfinals defeating Peer in the third round but then had to retire hurt, Peng reached another career-high ranking of world No. 14, before the US Open, where she was seeded 13th. At the last stop of the US Open Series, the inaugural Texas Tennis Open as the No. 1 seed in the draw, <mask> was forced to withdraw with an injury. Seeded 13th at the US Open, <mask> defeated Varvara Lepchenko in the first round. She followed this up beating former Wimbledon semifinalist Tsvetana Pironkova.She advanced to the fourth round for the first time with a win over 19th seed Julia Görges but lost to Flavia Pennetta in the round of 16, after holding four set points in the second set tiebreak. Even though she had an impressive run in the US Open, her ranking fell from 14 to 15. Seeded 12th in the China Open, <mask>


title: Peng Shuai

texts: lost to Flavia Pennetta in two sets. <mask> then received a wildcard into the Bali Commonwealth Championships and drew Nadia Petrova in the quarterfinal. She lost to the Russian 4–6, 3–6. Despite the loss, she ended the year ranked 15 in the world. 2011 has been the most successful year in her career.<mask> began 2012 at Auckland as the No. 2 seed. In the opening round, she defeated qualifier Aravane Rezaï before losing in the second round to Lucie Hradecká. In the first round of Sydney she lost to Dominika Cibulková. In the first round of the Australian Open she drew French wildcard Aravane Rezaï and this time she beat her more comfortably. However, in some what of an upset, <mask> was beaten in round two by Iveta Benešová. So she did not defend her fourth-round points from last year.<mask> next played Fed Cup for China where they were victorious. At the Qatar Open, she beat Fatma Al-Nabhani in the first round. In the second, she came up against Christina McHale and was beaten in three sets. Up next was Dubai Championships and in the first round she faced sixth seed Marion Bartoli and in somewhat of a shock because of the run Marion has been on, the Chinese beat her in straight sets. <mask>, however, lost in the second round to Daniela Hantuchová. She competed in the Malaysian Open where she was seeded third and beat Yvonne Meusburger in three sets. <mask> then lost in the quarterfinals in a tight three-setter against Petra Martić, who went on to reach the final.At Indian Wells, where she was seeded 17th, she got a bye in the first round, but lost to Ksenia Pervak in the second. <mask> then took a month's break from the game and returned to play

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 in the Madrid Open. However, <mask> has not been able to capture the success she got in 2011 and fell in the first round to Lucie Hradecká. In Rome, <mask> was beaten in the early rounds. She next played the warm-up tournament to Roland Garros in Brussels where she has final points to defend. She was seeded eighth and up against Sofia Arvidsson. Peng lost in the first round in two sets.Then she played the Wimbledon Championships as the 30th seed, where she beat Sandra Zaniewska, Ayumi Morita and Arantxa Rus to reach her second consecutive round of 16. She lost to Maria Kirilenko in three sets. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, she competed in the women's singles and the women's doubles with Zheng Jie. She reached the second round, losing to Petra Kvitová, and her doubles pairing reached the quarterfinals. 2013: Wimbledon and Tour Championships doubles champions
Peng started her 2013 season by playing in the new Shenzhen Open where she reached the semifinals comfortably. She faced fellow Chinese player Li Na where she lost in two sets. She next played the Hobart International, where she stunned first seed Hsieh Su-wei in the opening round before losing in the second round in three sets against Monica Niculescu.Peng then competed in the Australian Open where she won her first round easily by beating Canadian Rebecca Marino, but she lost to Maria Kirilenko in the second round in two sets. After a few weeks off from the tour, Peng returned to Indian Wells, where she reached the third round losing to Sam Stosur. She then played the Miami Open, where she defeated Sofia Arvidsson in the opening round but lost to Petra Kvitová in the second. Peng then started

masks: Peng Peng


title: Peng Shuai

texts: the clay-court season by competing in the qualifying event for the Porsche Tennis Grand Prix. She lost in the second round and failed to qualify. At Portugal, she was drawn against the top seed Marion Bartoli. Both women were  nervous on clay and this topsy-turvy match ended with Peng winning 6–0, 1–6, 6–4.Her next opponent was Romina Oprandi from Switzerland where she lost in two sets. In the Madrid Open, <mask> lost in the first round against qualifier Christina McHale. Peng then travelled to Rome for the Italian Open where she was defeated in the second by Sam Stosur. Peng then competed in the Brussels Open, where she reached the final by defeating Sofia Arvidsson, Olga Govortsova, Sloane Stephens and Romina Oprandi. Unfortunately, <mask>'s defeat in finals continued as she lost to Kaia Kanepi. At Roland Garros, <mask> lost in the second round to seventh seed Petra Kvitová. In Wimbledon, she lost to Marina Erakovic in the second round in straight sets.In the US Open Series, she lost back-to-back against Caroline Wozniacki in the first rounds of the Western & Southern Open and New Haven Open. At the US Open, she lost in the second round against Kuznetsova in three sets. In the Asian swing, she lost to qualifier Johanna Konta in the second round of Guangzhou International, to Madison Keys in the second round of Pan Pacific Open as well as to wildcard holder and countrywomen <mask> in the opening round of China Open. Her last event of the year was Luxembourg Open where she lost to the fifth seed Lucie Šafářová. She ended the year with a ranking of No. 45 in the world. On the other hand, Peng began her huge success as a doubles player from

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title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 2013.Paired with her long-time friend from childhood Hsieh Su-wei, <mask> clinched five double's titles in 2013, including two Premier-5 events (Rome and Cincinnati), Wimbledon, and WTA Championships. <mask> became the first Chinese player to win the WTA Tour Championships, and the fifth to win a Grand Slam title, after Zheng Jie, Yan Zi, Sun Tiantian and Li Na. 2014: World No. 1 in doubles; French Open doubles title; first major singles semifinal

<mask> reached the final in the Shenzhen Open and lost to Li Na. At the Australian Open, she lost in the opening round to Kurumi Nara in the opening round. She also lost in the second round in the doubles event against Shahar Pe'er and Sílvia Soler Espinosa in three sets with Hsieh. <mask> then won two consecutive doubles titles, winning the Pattaya Open with Zhang Shuai defeating Alla Kudryavtseva and Anastasia Rodionova in the final, and winning the Qatar Open with Hsieh Su-wei defeating Květa Peschke and Katarina Srebotnik in the final.On 17 February, <mask> became the world No. 1 in doubles, making her the first Chinese tennis player (man or woman, in singles or doubles) to reach world No. 1. <mask> and Hsieh continued their success by winning three more titles in the season, including two Premiere Mandatory events (Indian Wells and Beijing) and French Open. In the Wimbledon Championships, they failed in defending their title and also lost their No. 1 ranking. However, since Wimbledon, <mask> somehow found her pace in the games and made several of her best appearance in the singles events.She reached the last 16 in a major event after two years at the Wimbledon Championships. She also clinched


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 title in the 125K event in Nanchang. At the US Open, <mask> made her first Grand Slam singles quarterfinal and semifinal appearances, defeating compatriot Zheng Jie, fourth-seeded Agnieszka Radwańska, 28th-seeded Roberta Vinci, 14th-seeded Lucie Šafářová, and rising star Belinda Bencic en route, all in straight sets. In the semi-final, she had to retire against 10th-seeded Caroline Wozniacki in the semifinal at 6–7, 3–4 down, when she suffered severe cramps due to heat illness and had to be taken off court in a wheelchair. She skipped playing the following Hong Kong Open to recover, but made promotional appearances there. She came back in the Wuhan Open and lost to Mona Barthel in the first round. In the China Open, she lost to third seed Petra Kvitová in straight sets.In the Tianjin Open, she reached the semifinal and retired against Belinda Bencic. <mask> and Hsieh entered the WTA Finals as the second seed. They beat Garbiñe Muguruza/Carla Suárez Navarro and Alla Kudryavtseva/Anastasia Rodionova in straight sets to reach the final. However, they lost disastrously to Cara Black/Sania Mirza. They pairing then came to conclusion as <mask> had previously announced during the US Open. 2015: Injury

<mask> had a difficult 2015 season. Due to injuries, she had a lot of first round or second round losses.Her best performance of the season was fourth round of the Australian Open, which tied her best performance. As the 21st seed, <mask> beat German qualifier Tatjana Maria in the opening round, Magdaléna Rybáriková in the second round and Kazakh Yaroslava Shvedova, all in straight sets. In the fourth round match, she lost to second seed and the eventual


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 runner-up Maria Sharapova by 3–6, 0–6. More weirdly, <mask> failed to win even one doubles match in 2015. She started the season with her Tianjin teammate Xu Yifan in preparation for the 2016 Olympics, but ended up losing in the first round matches in the Shenzhen Open and Australian Open. Especially, in their first-round match in the Australian Open against the 15th seed, Kimiko Date-Krumm and Casey Dellacqua, they wasted a 6–4, 5–0 lead, two match points in the second set and three more in the twelfth game of the final set and eventually lost to their opponents. <mask> was particularly frustrated by Xu, who was constantly attacked by their opponents and making a lot of unforced errors, and decided to split the partnership.She played two more tournaments, with Květa Peschke at Dubai and Zarina Diyas at Madrid, but was not able to win a set. After the first round retirement to Polona Hercog in the first round of French Open, <mask> announced the end of her 2015 season due to injuries in her back and waist. 2016: Comeback with first WTA singles title

<mask> returned to the tour in Indian Wells. She suffered from a number of early exits in several events, including the first-round loss in the Olympic Games. In the Asian swing, <mask> gradually improved her level. In the China Open, <mask> defeated sixth seed Venus Williams in the first round by straight sets, and lost in close match to Caroline Garcia in the second round. In the Tianjin Open, she clinched her first ever WTA singles title with a wildcard.As a resident in Tianjin, she received a withdraw from seventh seed and compatriot <mask> in the beginning round. In the second round, she

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 defeated qualifier Chang Kai-chen in straight sets. She benefited from the withdraw from the top seed Agnieszka Radwańska in the quarterfinal and beat Danka Kovinić from Montenegro in a tight three-setter semifinal, which lasted for two days due to rain delays. Peng had to play final several hours after the semifinal against the 2014 champion Alison Riske, in which she won in two sets. She also won the doubles-final match with Christina McHale. 2017: Australian Open doubles final, second WTA singles title

Peng started the season in the Shenzhen Open, where she lost to the eventual champion, Kateřina Siniaková, in the opening round. In the doubles event, she clinched her 21st title with Andrea Hlaváčková without losing a set.She then competed in the Australian Open. In the first round, she stunned the 23rd seed Daria Kasatkina in straight sets, before losing to Eugenie Bouchard. In the doubles event, as the 12th seed, <mask> and Hlavackova reached the final without dropping a set, defeating third seed and Olympic champion Ekaterina Makarova/Elena Vesnina and top-seed Caroline Garcia/Kristina Mladenovic en route. In the final, they lost a tight match against the 2015 champion Mattek-Sands/Šafářová, in three sets. <mask> then competed in the Taiwan Open, where she reached her eighth WTA final without losing a set. In the final, she lost to the top seed and world No. 13 Elina Svitolina, who was under her 15-match winning streak, in straight sets.In the Dubai Championships, she defeated Lesia Tsurenko and ninth seed Barbora Strýcová in the opening rounds, before losing to Latvian Anastasija Sevastova in the third round. She also reached the final in


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 the doubles event with Hlavackova and lost to Vesnina/Makarova with a match tie-break. At Indian Wells, as a qualifier, <mask> stunned 31st seed Ana Konjuh in the second round and sixth seed Agnieszka Radwańska in the third round before she lost to 12th seed Venus Williams in a close three-setter. <mask> played the 2017 Mutua Madrid Open, where she fell in the first round against Suárez Navarro. She won her second WTA singles title at the Jiangxi Open in Nanchan, China defeating Nao Hibino in the final. 2018: TIU sanction
On 8 August 2018, <mask> was banned for six months and fined $10,000 by the Tennis Integrity Unit (TIU) for using coercion and offering possible financial reward so that her main partner would agree to withdraw from the ladies doubles after the sign-in deadline at the 2017 Wimbledon Championships. (Her partner, Alison Van Uytvanck, refused and <mask> withdrew from the tournament instead.)Three months of her ban and $5,000 of the fine were suspended. Her former coach Bertrand Perret of France was also banned for three months. 2019

<mask> began her 2019 season at the Shenzhen Open. She retired during the third set of her first-round match against Kristýna Plíšková due to a thigh injury. In doubles, she and compatriot, Yang Zhaoxuan, won the title beating Duan Yingying/Renata Voráčová in the final. At the Australian Open, she lost in the first round to Eugenie Bouchard. After the Australian Open, she competed at the Thailand Open.Here, she was defeated in the second round by eighth seed and eventual champion, Dayana Yastremska. In April, <mask> played at the Kunming Open. Seeded fifth, she was eliminated in the first round by


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 Alexandra Cadanțu. At the Empire Slovak Open, she was beaten in the first round by Antonia Lottner. Playing in Roland Garros, she fell in the first round of qualifying to Rebecca Šramková. Playing at the Ilkley Trophy, <mask> lost in the first round to Yanina Wickmayer. At Wimbledon, she was defeated in the first round of qualifying by British wildcard Samantha Murray Sharan.In August, <mask> took part in the Rogers Cup. She fell in the first round of qualifying to American Jennifer Brady. Getting past qualifying at the US Open, she lost in the second round to 30th seed Maria Sakkari in three sets. At the Jiangxi Open, <mask> made it to the semifinals where she was defeated by fourth seed Elena Rybakina. In doubles, she and Zhang Shuai reached the final and lost to compatriots Wang Xinyu/Zhu Lin. In Guangzhou, she upset second seed and defending champion, Qiang Wang, in the first round. She was beaten in the second round by Nina Stojanović.However, in doubles, she and Laura Siegemund won the title defeating Alexa Guarachi/Giuliana Olmos in the final. At the Wuhan Open, she lost in the first round to Garbiñe Muguruza. In Beijing, she was defeated in the first round by Daria Kasatkina. At the Tianjin Open, she fell in the second round to Dayana Yastremska. Seeded third at the Suzhou Open, she won the title beating fourth seed Zhu Lin in the final. 2020

Peng started her 2020 season at the Shenzhen Open. She lost in the second round to fifth seed and eventual champion, Ekaterina Alexandrova.In Hobart, she and Zhang Shuai reached the doubles final and were defeated by Nadiia Kichenok/Sania Mirza. At the Australian Open, she was eliminated in the

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 first round by qualifier Nao Hibino. At the Thailand Open, <mask> was beaten in the second round by fifth seed and eventual champion, Magda Linette. In Doha, she fell in the first round of qualifying to Magdalena Fręch. She has not played a match since the February 2020 Qatar Total Open in Doha, and is not known to have had any injuries in this time period. 2022
In February 2022, during an interview with the French L'Equipe, <mask> announced her retirement and also discussed the fallout and controversies from her 2021 social media post, which disclosed her relationship with Zhang Gaoli and accused him of pressuring her into sex. Sexual assault allegation and disappearance

Initial allegations against Zhang Gaoli

On 2 November 2021, Peng posted a lengthy message on her verified Weibo account where, according to several media outlets, she accused Zhang Gaoli, a retired Chinese vice-premier and member of the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), of having forced or pressured her into sex three years previously.Deutsche Welle, SET News, and United Daily News provided screenshots of her post, where Peng mentioned a sexual encounter with Zhang at least seven years before. Zhang, who was 40 years her senior, had pursued her initially. Upon his appointment to the PSC, Zhang stopped contacting her. About three years before, however, after his retirement, Zhang and his wife brought <mask> to their home after a tennis game. He wanted to be intimate with <mask>, who kept crying and disagreed at first. After having supper with the couple and some more persuasion from Zhang, while scared and nervous but still carrying

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng


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texts: feelings for him from the past, <mask> in the end agreed. The incident apparently rekindled an extramarital affair and <mask> wrote that they would at times talk for hours, play chess and tennis, and "getting along so well that everything just felt right".Every time she visited Zhang, however, <mask> suffered humiliation from his wife's verbal abuse. Zhang had said that while he loved <mask>, divorcing his wife was politically impossible, and <mask> lamented about the importance of title and status ("名分"). Following a dispute on 30 October, with Zhang seemingly about to "disappear" on her again, <mask> came out with her account, despite not having made any audio or video recordings as evidence of her relationship with Zhang. According to Shannon Tiezzie of The Diplomat, unhappiness with the hidden nature of the relationship and repeated slights apparently caused <mask> to post her story, while Cindy Yu, writing for The Spectator, expounded upon the modern phenomenon of rich, successful men in China keeping "concubines". While Chinese authorities have charged officials in the past with sexual misconduct under corruption, this was the first time a member of the top echelon of the CCP has faced public allegations. <mask>'s revelations drew attention to the #MeToo movement in China, which in 2021 saw the arrest of Kris Wu and the firing of a male Alibaba executive after widespread discussions online and criticisms from state media. In contrast, <mask>'s post was removed from Weibo within 20 minutes of being uploaded, although screenshots of it were saved, and all discussion about the matter became subject to blanket censorship in China.Despite this,


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 knowledge of the news continued to circulate in some form in China, with #MeToo activist Zhou Xiaoxuan expressing sympathy for <mask>. Disappearance and aftermath

Following her accusation, she did not communicate on social media. When asked about <mask>'s whereabouts on 3 November, foreign ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin said, "I have not heard of the issue you raised. This is not a diplomatic question". On 17 November, reporters put the question to another foreign ministry spokesperson, Zhao Lijian, who replied that the matter was not a diplomatic issue and suggested that the reporter contact the "relevant department". Hu Xijin, editor-in-chief of the CCP-owned tabloid Global Times tweeted, "As a person who is familiar with Chinese system, I don't believe <mask> Shuai has received retaliation and repression speculated by foreign media for the thing people talked about". Commentators seized upon the "he who must not be named" wording in Hu's tweet, and noted that the Global Times has not covered the accusations against the former vice-premier at all.On 14 November, WTA chief executive Steve Simon called on Chinese authorities to investigate <mask>'s allegations and to stop censoring the subject. The state-affiliated Chinese Tennis Association responded with a statement that Peng was safe and not under any physical threat. Simon said that no one associated with the WTA, including officials and active players, had been able to reach her directly to confirm her status. ATP chairman Andrea Gaudenzi also expressed concern about the uncertainty surrounding <mask>'s immediate safety and whereabouts. He offered full support for WTA's investigation into


title: Peng Shuai

texts: <mask>'s allegations and said that the ATP would continue to monitor the situation closely. On 12 November, the hashtag #WhereIsPengShuai was first used, and went on to trend globally. On 15 November, tennis player Novak Djokovic expressed his shock at <mask>'s disappearance in comments to reporters after winning his ATP Finals opener.On 16 November, tennis player Naomi Osaka posted a message on Twitter demanding answers about Peng's whereabouts and her sexual allegation. Tennis players Serena Williams, Andy Murray, and Billie Jean King expressed their concerns as well about <mask>'s alleged disappearance. Djokovic said the incident was "shocking" and Osaka said "Censorship is never OK at any cost." On 21 November, Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal voiced concern for <mask>. On 15 November, Jon Wertheim of Sports Illustrated noted that the "2008 Beijing Games that were supposed to liberalize China made its regime only more brazen in rejecting liberal democracy and human rights" and called for the cancellation of all tournaments in China until the whereabouts of <mask> had been ascertained. Wertheim suggested that "while the Tour has called for an investigation into the allegations made by former pro <mask> Shuai, it also has a considerable opportunity in this crisis: to cut ties with a country so unaligned with its mission". Wertheim suggested that "leaving China also lets the WTA distinguish itself for principles.What a statement this would send—especially with a Winter Olympics months away. What a way to say, "Our athletes' safety and our moral principles—our belief in women's rights, human rights and democracy—matter more than our balance sheets."


title: Peng Shuai

texts: On 17 November, Chinese state media outlet China Global Television Network released an email allegedly written by <mask> to Simon, in which she said she was resting at home and that her allegation of sexual assault was not true. The email also criticized the WTA for releasing what she called unverified information about <mask> without her consent. The authenticity of the email was cast in doubt; many noted that a typing cursor appears to be visible on the screenshot of the email. Responding in regard to the email, Simon stated that it only raised his concerns as to her safety and whereabouts. He reiterated that <mask>'s sexual assault allegation must be investigated "with full transparency and without censorship".He also threatened to withdraw WTA tournaments in China until sexual assault allegations made by <mask> are properly addressed. Mareike Ohlberg of the Marshall Fund felt that the purported email was "not meant to convince people but to intimidate". The International Tennis Federation later said in a statement that it was committed to player safety and supports an investigation into the whereabouts of <mask>. Meanwhile, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) said in a statement that they had "seen the latest reports and are encouraged by assurances that she is safe". In contrast to the IOC's quiet diplomacy, Tony Estanguet, the president of the 2024 Summer Olympics, has called for the "greatest transparency" regarding the health and safety of <mask>. Amnesty International called on China to prove that Peng is safe and to investigate the sexual assault allegations against Zhang. On 19 November, the spokesperson of the UN High


title: Peng Shuai

texts: Commissioner for Human Rights Liz Throssell called on China to provide proof of her whereabouts and wellbeing, and urged for an investigation with full transparency into her sexual assault allegations.On the same day, Chinese state media reporter Shen Shiwei shared screenshots of a WeChat thread of what he alleged to be <mask>'s chats with her friend, which consisted of three photos of <mask> posing with her cat and stuffed animals including Winnie the Pooh (a character blocked by censors after it was used as a meme for CCP general secretary Xi Jinping, though Pooh Bear merchandise is still legally allowed for purchase in China). On 20 November, Hu Xijin posted videos showing <mask> at a restaurant, on his Twitter page. Hu also stated that <mask> stayed in her own home freely and did not want to be disturbed in the past few days, and that she would reappear and participate in public activities soon. Hu later shared videos showing <mask> at the opening ceremony of the Fila Kids Junior Tennis Challenger Finals in Beijing. Hu tweeted "Can any girl fake such sunny smile under pressure? Those who suspect <mask> Shuai is under duress, how dark they must be inside. There must be many, many forced political performances in their countries."Hu's newspaper also started to frame <mask>'s status "as an ideological struggle between China and the west". China's foreign ministry spokesman, after denying knowledge of the incident multiple times, said "I hope certain people will cease malicious hyping, let alone politicisation”. After the French embassy in Beijing posted on its Weibo account about <mask>, while censors did not take down the post, they prioritized

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Peng Shuai

texts: comments of “mind your own business” and mentioning the Church sexual assault of children. Overall Chinese state media have "focused on her smiles and apparent good-spirits" and have not mentioned <mask>'s sexual assault allegation. According to Maria Repnikova, director of the Center for Global Information Studies at Georgia State University, they appear to be deploying the "familiar tactic of bypassing critiques or questions by underscoring western hypocrisy". A New York Times and ProPublica analysis of Twitter accounts identified 97 fake accounts promoting messaging about <mask> from the Global Times editor and other Chinese state media. On 21 November, the IOC said <mask> had spoken to Thomas Bach, Emma Terho and Li Lingwei in a video call and said she "is safe and well, living at her home in Beijing, but would like to have her privacy respected at this time"; the IOC did not release the video.The WTA said that "It was good to see <mask> Shuai in recent videos, but they don't alleviate or address the WTA's concern about her well-being and ability to communicate without censorship or coercion", requesting that she either be allowed to leave the country or speak live via teleconference with Steve Simon and no one else present. The WTA called for an investigation into <mask>'s sexual assault allegation, which, it said, was "the issue that gave rise to our initial concern". Nikki Dryden, a human rights lawyer and former Olympic swimmer for Canada, suggested that this was an IOC “media exercise” designed to allay growing threats of diplomatic boycotts for the 2022 Winter Olympics, saying “I’m so relieved she's alive, but the execution of this


title: Peng Shuai

texts: proof-of-life video is really troubling from a safeguarding perspective". Elaine Pearson, the Australia director of Human Rights Watch, was critical, saying, "Frankly, it is shameful to see the IOC participating in this Chinese government's charade that everything is fine and normal for <mask> Shuai. Clearly it is not, otherwise why would the Chinese government be censoring <mask> Shuai from the internet in China and not letting her speak freely to media or the public." Maya Wang, senior China researcher at Human Rights Watch (HRW), describing Beijing's silencing campaigns, said "What we have here is essentially a state-controlled narrative: only the government and its affiliated media are generating and distributing the content about <mask>'s story. While it is possible that <mask> is well, the history of the Chinese government disappearing people and then making videos of them to prove that they are unharmed when it is, in fact, the opposite, should make us worried about Peng's safety."In The Strategist published by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute, OSINT journalist Tom Jarvis writes that despite "unanswered questions about <mask>’s situation", events "may have been staged to ease international pressure on the China Open and the government". On 30 November, a European Union spokesman said "the EU joins growing international demands, including by sport professionals, for assurances that she is free and not under threat. In this spirit, the EU requests the Chinese government to provide verifiable proof of <mask> <mask>'s safety, well-being and whereabouts". On December 1, 2021, Dick Pound, a longtime member of the International Olympic

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Shuai


title: Peng Shuai

texts: Committee, stated that the unanimous conclusion by the people who have been on a call with <mask> Shuai is that she is fine. On that same day, the Women's Tennis Association announced that they would suspend all tournaments in China and Hong Kong. Michael Caster, co-founder of the human rights watchdog Safeguard Defenders, which monitors disappearances in China, said "the Women's Tennis Association has more credibility right now than Interpol in pushing back on China's gross human rights abuses, abduction of members of its organisation, and poking holes in what is just thinly-veiled coercive statements and propaganda". Erin Hale of Al Jazeera contrasted the WTA's concern over <mask> with the muted response of Interpol during the disappearance of its former chief Meng Hongwei, where the organization had accepted his resignation letter and did not investigate Meng's whereabouts due to internal rules.On 2 December, the International Olympic Committee reported that it held a second call with <mask> on the day before, where she reconfirmed that she is safe and well, given the difficult situation she is in. The IOC did not provide any pictures nor videos of the call. IOC spokesman Mark Adams said “We can't provide you with absolute certainty on anything. All we can do is do the best we can in the process that we believe is in the best interests of the well-being of the athlete.” The WTA received an e-mail purportedly from Peng who "expressed her shock for WTA's unfair decision to suspend all tournaments in China." On 6 December, the Global Times posted an editorial on Twitter in English, accusing the WTA of "expanding its influence in a speculative way,


title: Peng Shuai

texts: bringing politics into women's tennis deeply, setting a bad example for the entire sporting world" while omitting the WTA's reason for pulling out of China; this editorial wasn't posted on Chinese-language social media. Xiao Qiang, editor-in-chief of the China Digital Times based in Berkeley, said "China's external propaganda on this matter is like a paper box that cannot hold water in front of its own people", observing that China's social media platforms have been completely silent about <mask> and the WTA instead of the characteristic nationalism attacks on parties that are deemed to have "offended China" since the sexual assault allegations would be politically damaging to the Communist Party. David Bandurski, director of the China Media Project, said "We could talk here about a two-pronged strategy, about how China has enforced complete silence at home while pushing a narrative externally about meddling journalists and the politicizing of sport.But to call it a strategy at all suggests a sophistication that is not really there. What we actually see is desperation, the editor-in-chief of one state-run newspaper rushing out on Twitter and banging his dishpan. The point is to distract the world from obvious and damning facts." On 19 December, Singaporean Chinese-language newspaper Lianhe Zaobao published a six-minute video of its interview with Peng and provided subtitles in English. In the video, which showed her and former athletes, such as Yao Ming, reportedly at an International Ski Federation cross-country skiing event in Shanghai, Peng said that she has been "staying at home" and has "always been free". She also stated in Mandarin, "I have


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 never said or written that anyone has sexually assaulted me, I have to clearly stress this point ... with regards to Weibo, it's about my personal privacy ... There's been a lot of misunderstanding ...There [should be] no distorted interpretation", adding that the state media translation of her November email to Simon denying allegations of sexual assault was accurate. In response to the video, the WTA released a statement saying "We remain steadfast in our call for a full, fair and transparent investigation, without censorship, into her allegation of sexual assault, which is the issue that gave rise to our initial concern." An anonymous China watcher said in the Asia Sentinel that "the Chinese government is definitely behind Lianhe Zaobao to increase the credibility of the story. If the story was by state media, it would carry far less weight. <mask> Shuai was under pressure to say what she said. We've seen this too often with the self-incrimination on TV. All these are popular tactics of the CCP (Chinese Communist Party)."<mask>'s apparent withdrawal of her allegation notwithstanding, the same China watcher also said that "Zhang won't be punished before the Winter Olympics in February, because it will be bad publicity for the international event", but "after the Olympics, he will be in trouble." Update
On February 7, 2022, <mask> participated in what The Washington Post called "a carefully managed interview" with French sports newspaper L'Équipe. Accompanied by an official with the Chinese Olympic Committee, <mask> announced her retirement from competitive tennis and said there had been "a huge misunderstanding" surrounding her accusation of


title: Peng Shuai

texts: Zhang, her disappearance from the Chinese internet, and her well-being, reiterating "I never said anyone sexually assaulted me". <mask> also said the Weibo “post resulted in an enormous misunderstanding from the outside world. My wish is that the meaning of this post no longer be skewed” and claimed that she erased it. Echoing a government talking point, <mask> said “I was to say first of all that emotions, sport and politics are three clearly separate things. My romantic problems, my private life, should not be mixed with sport and politics.”  According to Sam Phillips of the Sydney Morning Herald, this is in contrast to her Weibo post in November.French newspaper Le Monde noted that Wang Kan asked to review the questions in advance, and that the interview had to be published without any additional comments from the two journalists who interviewed <mask>. L'Équipe was able to ask more question on the day with <mask> than submitted beforehand. Following the interview Marc Ventouillac, one of the two interviewers, voiced his doubts about <mask> Shuai's freedom and said that the interview had been part of "propaganda" efforts to downplay the issue saying “It’s important, I think, for the Chinese Olympic Committee, for the Communist party and for many people in China to try to show: ‘No, there is no <mask> Shuai affair.’” Ventouillac also noted that <mask> has appeared healthy and that they were able to ask questions beyond those originally submitted with none of the questions being censored. <mask> was reportedly seen attending several events at the 2022 Winter Olympics. She also had a meeting with Thomas Bach and other IOC officials, where Peng


title: Peng Shuai

texts:
 said she intended to travel to Europe after the COVID-19 pandemic. In regards to questions of whether <mask> is speaking freely or is under duress, IOC spokesman Mark Adams said “I don’t think it’s for us to be able to judge, in one way, just as it’s not for you to judge either." Her appearances at the Games and references to her "accusation" remain censored inside China.Career statistics

Grand Slam performance timelines

Singles

Doubles

Grand Slam tournaments

Doubles: 3 (2 titles, 1 runner-up)

Year-end championships

Doubles: 2 (1 title, 1 runner-up)

See also

 Tennis in China
 #MeToo Movement
 Zhao Wei

Notes

References

External links

1986 births
Living people
People from Xiangtan
Tennis players from Hunan
Chinese female tennis players
Olympic tennis players of China
Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2010 Asian Games
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in tennis
Asian Games gold medalists for China
Asian Games bronze medalists for China
Tennis players at the 2002 Asian Games
Tennis players at the 2006 Asian Games
Wimbledon champions
French Open champions
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles
Hopman Cup competitors
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
2020s missing person cases
Enforced disappearances in


title: Hank Wesselman

texts:
<mask> (1941-2021) was an American anthropologist known primarily for his Spiritwalker trilogy of spiritual memoirs. In them, he claims to have been in contact with "Nainoa", an ethnic Hawaiian kahuna (shaman) living some 5,000 years in our future. The books envision the imminent collapse of Western civilization as a result of global warming. On a more positive note, Wesselman perceives an ongoing "wide-spread spiritual reawakening" which he dubs the "Modern Mystical Movement." Together with his wife Jill Kuykendall, <mask> led shamanic training workshops for the Omega Institute and other, similar institutions. They divided their time between northern California, Oregon, and Captain Cook, Hawaii. <mask> died peacefully near his home in Hawaii on February 15, 2021 after a short illness.His beloved Jill was at his side. He was 79 years old. Professional background

Wesselman is a native New Yorker who received his undergraduate degree in zoology from the University of Colorado at Boulder, and his doctorate in anthropology from the University of California at Berkeley. During the 1960s he served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Nigeria, among the Yoruba. He has participated in paleoanthropology research in east Africa's Great Rift Valley. His research speciality is involved with the reconstruction of the paleo-environments of early man sites (See Science magazine, Oct 2, 2009) and the cover story of National Geographic, July 2010. He was an instructor at American River College and Sierra College, both in California, and has also taught classes for the University of California at San Diego; the University of Hawai‘i at Hilo; the Kiriji Memorial College in Igbajo,

masks:
Henry Barnard Wesselman
Wesselman
Hank


title: Hank Wesselman

texts:
 Nigeria; and Adeola Odutola College in Ijebu Ode, Nigeria.The Omega Institute Faculty. He is the author of the Spiritwalker trilogy—Spiritwalker (1995), Medicinemaker (1998), and Visionseeker (2001)—as well as The Journey to the Sacred Garden (2003); Spirit Medicine (with Jill Kuykendall) (2004); Awakening to the Spirit World (with Sandra Ingerman),  The Bowl of Light (2011), and The Re-Enchantment: A Shamanic Path to a Life of Wonder (2016)

Publications

Spiritwalker trilogy
 Spiritwalker: Messages from the Future. Bantam, 1995 (HC) and 1996 (TPB). Describes an ongoing series of spontaneous dream-like visions beginning in the early 1980s, in which Wesselman seemed to connect with and see through the eyes of "Nainoa", a man of Hawaiian ancestry living on the western coast of what is today North America 5000 years after the collapse of the "Great Age" of technology. Nainoa, a member of a Hawaiian-based society which has re-peopled America's west coast. The series begins as Nainoa is sent into the continent's interior on a mission to seek out the descendants of the "Americans" and, if possible, find horses. On the journey, Nainoa explores his shamanic calling, learns of his relationship with Wesselman, and makes contact with the "Ennu", a tribe of hunters and gatherers descended from Canadian Innuits.The Spiritwalker trilogy explores <mask>'s struggles with what to make of these experiences, and records an extraordinary story as the anthropologist is drawn into the shaman's world of mystery and magic. The future California-Nevada region is depicted as including rainforest and an inland sea inundating the central valley, as well as a wide variety of exotic


title: Hank Wesselman

texts: megafauna such as elephants, lions, longhorn cattle, and several monkey and ape species. Wesselman speculates that the ancestors of these animals may have escaped from zoos or been released from circuses during the collapse of Western civilization. Both human populations shown in the book live at a neolithic level of technology, with some metal artifacts such as knives and fishhooks. The sequel books  (below) are often compared with the writings of Carlos Castaneda, and reference the work of Michael Harner. Besides Nainoa's future world, Wesselman describes various spiritual experiences, including cosmological visions as well as encounters with spirit beings. (See magical realism.)Spiritwalker has been published in 15 languages abroad. Medicinemaker: Mystic Encounters on the Shaman's Path, Bantam, 1999. Continues the story with Wesselman's 1989 return to academic life in California, and Nainoa's c. 70th-century return from the American interior, back to his own society and homeland. There he studies to become a kahuna; makes an enemy in one of the other priests; and meets a love interest, the spiritually-aware Maraea (possibly a descendant of Wesselman's wife, or perhaps of them both). Nainoa inadvertently kills the enemy by calling upon "spotted tiger man", a spirit familiar--identified with a "leopard man" which Wesselman had encountered and painted. Visionseeker: Shared Wisdom from the Place of Refuge Hay House, 2002. Continues Wesselman's story from 1995 to 2000 around a series of eight visions, which <mask> and Nainoa gradually come to experience together.A key concept is that of the dorajuadiok, a powerful spirit-being which Wesselman describes as a


title: Hank Wesselman

texts:
 House Books, Carlsbad, CA, pp. 220–230. 2007. "The transformational perspective: an emerging worldview," in Mind Before Matter, Trish Pfeiffer, John Mack and  Paul Deveraux eds., John Hunt Publ, London., pp. 200–216.2007. 2008: "Hawaiian Perspectives on the Nature of the Soul." The Journal of Shamanic Practice 1: 21-25. "Awakening to the Spirit World: The Shamanic Path of Direct Revelation" (with Sandra Ingerman) - March 2010. This book was awarded the gold medal first place award by the Independent Publishers Association in 2011 for the best body Mind Spirit book of the year. It was also given the first place award by the COVR—The Coalition of Visionary Resources. In this book, two accomplished shamanic teachers join forces to present a modern upgrade of the shaman's practice and worldview for modern people.Includes an experiential CD. "The Bowl of Light: Ancestral Wisdom from a Hawaiian Shaman" - May 2011. in which Wesselman records his friendship with the Hawaiian elder kahuna Hale Makua over the last eight years of his life, including their philosophical discussions. <mask>'s account of his eight-year friendship with the Hawaiian elder and kahuna nui Hale Makua includes previously unpublished kahuna wisdom and Polynesian philosophy and has been critically acclaimed. "My Encounters with Sekhmet." In Heart of the Sun: An Anthology in Exaltation of Sekhmet, eds. Candace C. Kent and Anne Key, IUniverse Publ, Bloomington, IN, pp. 104–111.2011
 "Speaking Woman." The Journal of Shamanic Practice. 4(1): 32-36. 2011
2014a: Australian Aboriginal Wisdom. A Journal of Contemporary Shamanism 7 (1): 6-8. "The Three Stages of Spiritual unfolding." In Shamanic


title: Hank Wesselman

texts:
 "The Omo Micromammals: Systematics and Paleoecology of Early Man  Sites from Ethiopia,"  Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution 7: 1-219. S. Karger Publ. Basel. (Karger Monograph). 1984
 "Fossil micromammals as indicators of climatic change about 2.4 Myr.ago in the Omo Valley, Ethiopia." South African Journal of Science 81: 260-261. 1985
 "Micromammals as climatic indicators: the Omo evidence," in The Longest Record, the Human Career in Africa; volume of abstracts of papers presented at a conference in honor of Prof. J. Desmond Clark. 1986
 "Of Mice and Almost-men: Regional Paleoecology and Human Evolution in the Turkana Basin". in Paleoclimate and Evolution, with Emphasis on Human Origins, eds. Elizabeth Vrba et al. Yale University Press, 1995, pp.356–368. Asa Issie, Aramis and the origin of Australopithecus, Nature 440, 883-889, , E-, April 13, 2006. "Small Mammals" in Ardipithecus kadabba: Late Miocene Evidence from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia. eds. Yohannes Haile-Selassie and Giday Woldegabriel. University of California Press, 105-133, 2009. "Taphonomic, Avian, and Small-Vertebrate Indicators of Ardipithecus ramidus Habitat", Science 326 (issue 5949), 66, October 2, 2009.And more...
 "The soul cluster: Reconsideration of a millennia old concept." (with Frecska E, Moro , L.)  World Futures 2011; 67: 132-53. 2011. "Tachyoryctes Makooka (Tacyoryctini, Spalacidae, Rodentia) and its bearing on the phylogeny of the Tachyoryctini," (with Raquel Lopez-Antonanzas), Paleontology 56 (1), 157-166. 2013. References

External links
Shared Wisdom- <mask>'s homepage

American spiritual writers
American anthropologists
American River College faculty
1941 births
Living


title: Mette Ivie Harrison

texts:
<mask> (born 13 September 1970) is an American novelist. She writes young adult fiction and in 2014 began publishing an adult mystery series. Her background as a Mormon has influenced her topics of interest as a writer, especially in the A Linda Willheim Mystery series which focuses on a Mormon woman within her religious community. Her novel, Mira, Mirror won the Utah Letters About Literature award in 2006, and three other novels were finalists for the AML Awards in 2007, 2014 and 2015. Early life
<mask> was born on 13 September 1970 in Summit, New Jersey. Her father was <mask> (d. 2020), a computer scientist who worked for thirteen years at Bell Labs and being involved in developing Unix
programming language. She was the ninth of eleven children, eight of whom followed their father into careers involving computer programming.When she was ten years old, <mask> moved the family to Provo, Utah, where he began teaching computer programming at Brigham Young University, a position that he would hold for twenty years. As a teenager <mask> <mask> studied German, and she spent 1985 attending a German gymnasium. In 1988 she received BYU's "Ezra Taft Benson Scholarship". She graduated from BYU two years later with bachelor's and master's degrees in German Literature. She received a full scholarship to attend Princeton University and in 1995 earned a PhD in Germanic Languages and Literatures. She wrote her dissertation on the female Bildungsroman of the 18th century. She was married

masks:
Mette Ivie Harrison
Mette Ivie
Evan Ivie
Evan Ivie
Mette
Ivie


title: Mette Ivie Harrison

texts:
 to <mask>, and they had six children.In 2021 the couple are finalizing a divorce. In 2017 she was diagnosed with high-functioning autism, which initially made her hyper-aware of her differences from neurotypical people. She wrote about her experience with high-functioning autism in Sunstone magazine, where she noted that participation in the LDS Church helped her to make social connections that she otherwise would not have pursued. She described how her lack of "normal facial expressions" leads other church members to underestimate the depth of her feelings, especially depression. Since <mask> does not intuitively understand human interactions, she attributes her proficiency in portraying human interactions in her writing to her need to analyze human behavior closely. Career
<mask> left her job as an adjunct professor at Brigham Young University in 1997. In 1999, her first book, The Monster In Me, was accepted for publication.Works and awards
Her novel, Mira, Mirror won the Utah Letters About Literature award in 2006. In 2007 <mask>'s The Princess and the Hound was a finalist for the Association for Mormon Letters (AML) Young Adult Literature award. The Bishop's Wife was a finalist for the AML Novel Award in 2014, and His Right Hand was a finalist for the same award in 2015. <mask> regularly wrote in the religion section of The Huffington Post on topics of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) over the span of 2015–2017. Her articles describe common

masks:
Matt Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Mette Ivie Harrison

texts:
 misconceptions of LDS beliefs, addressing people outside of the LDS Church and also focusing on her internal religious audience. <mask>'s articles describe her concern about the culture of the LDS Church while also pointing out the positives of her religion. <mask> writes for Orson Scott Card's Intergalactic Medicine Show, giving writing advice to authors.A Linda Wallheim Mystery series
<mask> uses her religious background to write mysteries on LDS cultural issues. The A Linda Wallheim Mystery series is about a Mormon bishop's wife who uncovers terrible truths within her community. In an interview with Publishers Weekly, <mask> said, "I want to make a 'regular' Mormon woman the heroine of the story". <mask> feels that Mormon women are often overlooked or forgotten. This series gives others a look into LDS culture while delving into situations that LDS members neglect to address. Kirkus Reviews favorably reviewed The Bishop's Wife (2014), the first book in the series, stating that "this decidedly adult tale adds twists aplenty to an insider's look at a religion replete with its own mysteries". Janet Maslin of The New York Times said the novel was "apt to offend most Mormon men" and praised the way <mask> helped readers contemplate the "question of how dangerous fire-breathing extremists really are".The Bishop's Wife was an ABA IndieNext Selection for December 2015 and a national bestseller. Bibliography
The Hound Saga
This series is sometimes called the Animal Magic

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Ricardo Hausmann

texts: <mask> (born 1956) is the former Director of the Center for International Development currently leading the Center for International Development’s Growth Lab and is a Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. He is also a former Venezuelan Minister of Planning and former Head of the  (1992–1993). He co-introduced several regularly used concepts in economics including original sin, growth diagnostics, self-discovery, dark matter, the product space, and economic complexity. <mask> is the father of theatre director and producer <mask>, art historian <mask> and comedian <mask>. <mask> earned a bachelor's degree in Engineering and Applied Physics (1977) and a PhD in Economics (1981) at Cornell University. From 1985 to 1991, he was Professor of Economics at the Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administracion in Caracas, where he founded the Center for Public Policy. From 1992 to 1993, he served as Minister of Planning of Venezuela and as a member of the Board of the Central Bank of Venezuela.Around the same time, he was Chair of the IMF-World Bank Development Committee. <mask> served as the first Chief Economist of the Inter-American Development Bank (1994–2000), where he created the Research Department. In September 2000 <mask> came to Harvard. <mask> is director of the Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University and Professor of the Practice of Economic Development at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government. He also holds the George A. Cowan chair at the Santa Fe Institute. Between 2005 and 2008 he chaired the International Panel on the Accelerated and Shared Growth Initiative for South Africa, an international panel of economists called upon by South African government to advise their economic growth program. He also teaches two development-related subjects: Development Policy Strategy and Why Are So Many Countries Poor, Volatile, and Unequal?.Concurrently with his position at CID, <mask> has also held several positions at profit and non-profit organizations: he

masks:
Ricardo Hausmann
Ricardo
Michel Hausmann
Carolina Hausmann
Joanna Hausmann
Career Hausmann
Hausmann
Hausmann
Hausmann
Hausmann


title: Ricardo Hausmann

texts: was a member of the board of Venezuela's full-service telephone company CANTV (2001–2007), of microfinance institution ACCION International (2009–2011), and of the advisory board of Abengoa, a renewable energy and engineering company based in Spain. From 2010 to 2011, he was also the elected president of the Latin-American and Caribbean Economic Association. At CID, <mask> has concentrated his research efforts in two broad areas: the underlying determinants of macroeconomic volatility, financial fragility and crises; and the determinants of long run growth. Themes he has been exploring include the causes of growth accelerations and collapses; the causes and consequences of original sin; growth diagnostics, the process of structural transformation and the Product Space; and global imbalances and dark matter. Country-specific studies he has been involved with have included projects on Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belize, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, China, El Salvador, Egypt, Guatemala, India, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Paraguay, Peru, South Africa, Tunisia, Venezuela, and the United States. He also works on gender issues and has been a co-author of the World Economic Forum's yearly Global Gender Gap Report since its creation in 2006. He writes a monthly syndicated column for Project Syndicate covering economics of development.On March 4, 2019, Juan Guaidó named <mask> as Venezuela's representative to the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), a Washington-based multilateral agency and the only international financial organization to recognize Guaidó as the legitimate president of Venezuela. The IDB cancelled its annual meeting in Chengdu, China after <mask> was denied a visa by the Chinese government. On September 27, 2019 <mask> resigned as ambassador to the IDB, writing on Twitter that "his academic duties at Harvard University are incompatible with the job at the IDB". <mask> emphasized that he would be available to help Guaidó "any way he could"; he recommended Alejandro Plaz as Venezuela's IDB representative, who was named to the post by Guaidó. Since

masks: Hausmann Hausmann Hausmann Hausmann Hausmann


title: Ricardo Hausmann

texts:
 2014 <mask> operates his private consulting firm, Ricardo Hausmann Consulting LLC, located in Boston, Massachusetts. Original sin (economics)

The expression original sin was first used in international finance in a 1999 article by Barry Eichengreen and Hausmann. The authors define original sin as a situation in which the residents (or government) of a country are unable to borrow in their own domestic currency.In other words, a poor country is forced to borrow funds denominated in foreign exchange (e.g. the U.S. dollar, the euro, or the yen). Based on their measure of original sin the authors show that original sin was present in most of the developing economies and independent from histories of high inflation and currency depreciation. This is seen as problematic because if the borrowing country's domestic currency depreciates, the loan will become more difficult to pay back, since their currency is now worth less relative to the loan. Later research has mainly focused on the international component of original sin: the inability of most countries to borrow abroad in their own currency. Barry Eichengreen, <mask> and Ugo Panizza show that almost all of the countries (except US, Euro area, Japan, UK, and Switzerland) suffered from (international) original sin over time. The authors argued that this international component of original sin has serious consequences.It makes debt riskier, increases volatility, and affects a country's ability to conduct an independent monetary policy. This is because original sin is likely to cause a currency mismatch in the national balance sheet of a country: the currencies of its assets and those of its liabilities do not correspond. Thus, large swings in the real exchange rate will have an effect on aggregate wealth and it will be more difficult for the country to service its debt. In other words, original sin tends to make the fiscal balance dependent on the real exchange rate and the short term real interest rate. Criticism on the concept of original sin has been twofold. On the one hand, Morris Goldstein and Philip Turner

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 claim that original sin is not a sufficient condition for a currency mismatch, and thus cannot account for the large output losses due to the currency mismatches during financial crises. On the other hand, Carmen Reinhart, Kenneth Rogoff and Miguel Savastano claim that the main problem of emerging market economies is to learn how to borrow less rather than learn how to borrow more in their domestic currency.They assumed that the problems of emerging markets were not due to original sin, but to so-called debt intolerance: the inability of emerging markets to manage levels of external debt that, under the same circumstances, would be manageable for developed countries. Eichengreen, <mask> and Panizza respond to both criticisms in a paper elaborating the difference between currency mismatches, debt intolerance and original sin. Self-discovery
Self-discovery is a concept developed by <mask> and Dani Rodrik, referring to the process of discovering what economic activities can profitably be pursued in a given country. In a 2003 paper titled "Economic Development as Self-Discovery", <mask> and Rodrik contest the notion that growth will follow automatically from the presence of state-of-the-art technologies and good economic institutions (like well-designed and enforced property rights). Another condition, they state, is that entrepreneurs in the country know what new economic activities can profitably be pursued there—in other words, that there is sufficient self-discovery. Self-discovery is costly for the innovative entrepreneurs that invest their resources in it. However, the benefits of self-discovery accrue to all entrepreneurs in the country, who now know what activities are profitable without having to find out themselves.If this eventually leads to more innovation and growth in the country, the benefits of self-discovery accrue to even larger groups of people. Thus, according to <mask> and Rodrik, self-discovery has benefits that stretch far beyond the firm that originally invested in the discovery (in other words, it has positive externalities). In

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 consequence, governments should implement economic policies that promote self-discovery. In a later paper, <mask>, Rodrik and co-author Jason Hwang nuance the previous conclusions on self-discovery. They argue that some products are associated with higher productivity levels than other. Thus, self-discovery is mainly beneficial for countries if it is discovered that high-productivity goods can be profitably produced there. This is because the new products enhance the profitability of the country's export basket, which in turn is associated with higher growth.In other words, some products are more interesting to discover than others, and these products are what really causes the beneficial effect of self-discovery. Growth diagnostics
Growth diagnostics is a methodology developed by <mask>, Dani Rodrik and Andrés Velasco to determine the underlying reasons why some developing economies are not growing as fast as might be expected. The underlying assumption is that different countries experience slow growth for different reasons (compare to the Anna Karenina principle). In the handbook "Doing Growth Diagnostics in Practice", the origin of the term is explained:

The growth diagnostic approach is based on the idea that there may be many reasons why an economy does not grow, but each reason generates a distinctive set of symptoms. These symptoms can become the basis of a differential diagnostic in which the analyst tries to distinguish among potential explanations for the observed growth rate of the economy. Thus the growth diagnostics methodology departs from the "symptoms" of low growth that are visible in a country's economy—for example, low investment. Using a decision tree, all possible causes of these symptoms are inspected and if possible, eliminated.Next, the causes of these causes are scrutinized. This goes on until the most binding constraint to growth in a country is found. This is the constraint that economic policy in the country will need to address to accelerate growth. The authors argue that applying the wrong cure for the wrong disease, i.e.


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 implementing the wrong economic reform in the wrong circumstances, can be both economically unproductive and politically dangerous. One of the first applications of the growth diagnostics methodology was a case study of El Salvador, described in the paper "Growth Diagnostics", co-authored by Dani Rodrik and Andrés Velasco. At the time, the country had good macroeconomic indicators, decent institutions, low interest rates and returns to education.However, it was investing little. According to the authors, the growth diagnostics methodology revealed that in the end, the low investment in El Salvador could be brought back to a problem of self-discovery: the country was losing its traditional industries and it was unclear what it should invest in next. This lack of innovative investment ideas, then, was El Salvador's most binding constraint on growth. Since the publication of this paper, the growth diagnostics strategy has been adopted by a number of international institutions including the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the UK's Department for International Development and the Millennium Challenge Corporation. The PREM network currently collects country case studies that use the growth diagnostics methodology. Dark matter
Dark matter is a term coined by <mask> and Federico Sturzenegger to refer to the 'invisible' assets that explain the difference between official estimates of the U.S. cumulative current account, and estimates based on the actual return on the U.S. net financial position. Specifically, the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) estimated the net U.S. current account deficit to be 2.5 trillion in 2004.However, according to <mask> and his colleague Federico Sturzenegger, the U.S. current account deficit cannot in reality be as high as it is estimated to be: otherwise, the U.S. would be paying large amounts of interests on its debt. This does not seem to be the case: net income in 2004 was still a positive 30 billion, which is not lower than it was in 1980, before the U.S. built up its current account


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 deficit. Thus, the authors argue that the "real" cumulative current account in 2004 was in fact positive, and that somehow a large amount of (foreign) assets are being left out of the calculations. The suggested source of this "missing wealth" is dark matter, resulting from the unaccounted export of ideas and other services (such as insurance or liquidity) from the U.S. to other economies. The two authors claim that the U.S. has significant exports, mainly of business know-how bundled with its foreign direct investment) that do not show up in official trade statistics. These exports increase the real value of its foreign assets, and thus lower the real size of the deficit. Therefore, they argue, there is less reason to worry about the U.S. financial position than is usually assumed.In addition, this dark matter in the U.S. current account also has implications for the accounts of other countries, which have been inadvertently accruing liabilities by importing know-how. The idea of dark matter has not gone without criticism. First, Willem Buiter has argued that dark matter should result in a higher rate of return on U.S. external assets than on U.S. external liabilities. However, he claims, there is no convincing evidence that this is the case. Second, the U.S. income from dark matter seems to vary enormously from year to year, even though it stems from permanent characteristics of the U.S. economy like the export of know-how. Lastly, Mathew Higgins, Thomas Klitgaard, and Cedric Tille agree with the assertion that U.S. foreign assets are currently undervalued. However, they argue that more important, U.S. foreign liabilities are overvalued.Thus, The U.S. has fewer foreign liabilities than is currently assumed; this fact (rather than dark matter) explains the unexpectedly high net income. In a 2007 article, <mask> and Sturzenegger respond to some of these critiques, defending the existence and function of dark matter. The Product Space
The Product Space is a tool for understanding the process of structural transformation and self-discovery, which <mask>

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 introduced together with Cesar Hidalgo and Bailey Klinger. The Product Space consists of a network of products, where two products are connected according to the probability that they are co-exported, indicating that they tend to require similar capabilities. According to <mask> and colleagues, the Product Space predicts the actual evolution of the pattern of comparative advantage of nations. They claim that because of coordination failures, economies will diversify by moving into products that are closely connected to the products they are currently making, because these products require similar capabilities. Thus, as a country develops, it will diffuse through the product space from one product to the next, reaching more and more complex products as it goes.In a recent publication titled "Structural Transformation and Patterns of Comparative Advantage in the Product Space", <mask> and co-author Bailey Klinger explain the idea of the Product Space using the following analogy:

Our metaphor is that products are like trees, and any two trees can be close together or far apart, depending on the similarity of the needed capabilities. Firms are like monkeys, who derive their livelihood from exploiting the tree they occupy. We take the forest – the product space – as given and identical for all countries. [...] The process of structural transformation involves having monkeys jump from the poorer part of the forest to the richer part, but the probability of doing so successfully will depend on the expected productivity of those trees and to how close the monkeys are to unoccupied trees where proximity is related to the usefulness of the specific assets the country has for the production of the new good. The Product Space ties in with the idea of growth diagnostics, because it was developed with the purpose of identifying the coordination failures whose removal can further the economy of a developing country. The ultimate goal of the Product Space is to develop analytical tools that allow to study economic development, by looking at the de facto technological


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 capacity of countries and not only at the traditional measures of governance used by agencies such as the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund. In a 2009 paper, then, the economic complexity index is put forward as a more accurate predictive measure of growth than previous indicators.Research on the Product Space and economic complexity by <mask>, Hidalgo and their team is summarized in the (2011) book, The Atlas of Economic Complexity. Selected bibliography

 Eichengreen, Barry; <mask>, <mask>; Panizza, Ugo (October 2003). "Currency Mismatches, Debt Intolerance and Original Sin: Why They Are Not the Same and Why it Matters". NBER Working Paper No. 10036. <mask>, <mask>; Rodrik, Dani ; Velasco, Andrés (2005). "Getting the diagnostics right".Finance and Development, 43 (1). (summarizes the 2005 Growth Diagnostics working paper)
 <mask>, <mask>; Rodrik, Dani ; Velasco, Andrés (2005). "Growth Diagnostics". In: The Washington Consensus Reconsidered: Towards a New Global Governance. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 324–355. <mask>, <mask>; Sturzenegger, Federico (November 2006). "The Implications of Dark Matter for Assessing the US External Imbalance".CID Working Paper No. 137. <mask>, <mask>; Klinger, Bailey; Wagner, Rodrigo (September 2008). "Doing Growth Diagnostics in Practice: A Mindbook". CID Working Paper. Hausmann R, Hidalgo CA, et al. (2011) The Atlas of Economic Complexity.Puritan Press. Videos
 The Building Blocks of Complexity and Networks Understanding Networks

See also
 Original sin (economics)
 Economic complexity index
 The Product Space

References

External links
 Official profile of <mask>
 Personal webpage

1956 births
Living people
American bankers
21st-century American economists
Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración faculty
Harvard Kennedy School faculty
Scientific American people
Venezuelan expatriates in the United States
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
Venezuelan Jews
Venezuelan people of German-Jewish descent
People of Belgian-Jewish descent
People of Venezuelan-Jewish descent
Venezuelan

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title: Phil Walden

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<mask> (January 11, 1940 – April 23, 2006) was a co-founder of the Macon, Georgia-based Capricorn Records, along with former Atlantic Records executive Frank Fenter. Biography
<mask> received his undergraduate degree in economics from Macon's Mercer University (where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta and a ROTC cadet) in 1962. He served as Otis Redding's manager from 1959 until Redding's death in 1967. While a college student, he began his career as a booking agent and manager for R&B acts, hosting one of Redding's first shows at the University's Phi Delta Theta lodge in the early 1960s. As he continued to build his business, <mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the United States Army through a deferred service program in the summer of 1963. He recruited his younger brother, Alan (then a sophomore at Mercer), to run Phil Walden Artists and Promotions and served in Germany as a personnel officer before returning to the company following the completion of his service in 1965. That year, Redding and <mask> co-founded the Redwal Music publishing company.<mask>'s management of Redding and dozens of notable R&B acts in the 1960s (including Al Green, Sam & Dave and Percy Sledge) led to his early affiliation with Atlantic Records co-founder/producer Jerry Wexler, who specialized in the genre. Working with Wexler, <mask> and Frank Fenter, who had run Atlantic Records' European offices in London, established Capricorn, an independent production outlet distributed by Atlantic/Atco Records and named for Wexler and <mask>'s astrological sign in Macon in 1969. <mask> met guitarist Duane Allman (then under contract to Rick Hall, owner of FAME Studios)

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texts: through Wexler and set about making him a star in his own right, precipitating the formation of The Allman Brothers Band. The Allman Brothers Band were not an instant success, selling just 33,000 copies of their debut album, which stalled at #188. However, the breakthrough of 1970's Idlewild South (which peaked at #38) and the 1971 live double set At Fillmore East (which peaked at #13 and ultimately attained a RIAA platinum certification) convinced <mask> to end Capricorn's affiliation with Atlantic and move to Warner Bros. Records. The success of the Allmans led Capricorn to become the crucible of the blues-, soul- and country-based "Southern rock" subgenre that permeated the epoch; at its peak, the label's roster also featured Allman Brothers Band spinoff group Sea Level, The Marshall Tucker Band, Elvin Bishop, Wet Willie, Bonnie Bramlett, White Witch, Hydra, Grinderswitch and the Dixie Dregs. The label belied its reputation by also signing such outliers as Alex Taylor (the elder brother of James Taylor), traditional country legend Kitty Wells, eclectic soul singer Dobie Gray and vanguard hard rock ensemble Captain Beyond (whose second album was produced by <mask>).In spite of the label's notable imprimatur, a later distribution agreement with Polygram (contingent on the label's assets as collateral for a multi-million dollar "runway" loan) ended in 1979 when Polygram called in the remaining balance of the loan. After declaring bankruptcy in October 1979, the initial iteration of Capricorn Records folded a year later. Redding's death in a 1967 plane crash was a huge blow to <mask>, who had enjoyed a close friendship with the singer since adolescence. He

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texts: suffered another devastating loss in 1971, when Duane Allman died in a motorcycle crash. Yet <mask> soldiered on, creating a small empire in Macon with the label, a recording facility, real estate holdings and other ventures. In 1976, <mask> and the Allman Brothers Band played an integral role in financing Jimmy Carter's presidential campaign throughout the primary season. However, as the label entered a fallow period in the late 1970s due to the dissolution of the Allman Brothers Band and the decline of Southern rock as a cultural force, <mask> could not acclimate to the ascent of post-punk and new wave music, refusing the opportunity to build relationships with such prospective British signees as Squeeze, Dire Straits and Gang of Four; instead, the latter two groups were signed by Wexler (who had left Atlantic in 1975) to Warner Brothers.<mask> dropped out of sight during the 1980s, struggling with cocaine and alcohol dependencies and other setbacks. When he returned to artist management, his anchor was not a rock band but comic actor Jim Varney, whose "Hey Vern" commercials made him a hillbilly icon and the star of a string of movies. During this period, <mask> also met struggling actor/screenwriter Billy Bob Thornton, serving as his manager for several years. In 1991, <mask> relaunched Capricorn in Nashville, Tennessee via a joint venture with Warner Brothers. The label's first signing was the Athens, Georgia-based jam band Widespread Panic. The label made several changes in partners and ended up at Mercury Records, due to the enthusiasm then-Mercury president Danny Goldberg had for the Capricorn roster, which had grown to include such diverse acts as

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 311, CAKE, Sonia Dada, the reconstituted Lynyrd Skynyrd and Allman Brothers Band spinoff Gov't Mule. <mask> was also the first to sign then-unknown country singer Kenny Chesney.After reading an article about a memorial ceremony for blues guitarist Robert Johnson in Billboard in September 1991, <mask> contacted Mt. Zion Memorial Fund founder Skip Henderson (who had produced that event) and commissioned a bronze sculpture mounted on a granite headstone in honor of Elmore James, whose catalog was then owned by Capricorn. The memorial was placed on James' grave in the Newport Baptist Church Cemetery in Ebenezer, Mississippi on December 10, 1992. Several members of the Mississippi state legislature attended the event along with <mask>, members of James' family and many others. In 2000, <mask> sold the majority of Capricorn's catalog. In the early 2000s, with the Capricorn name retired, <mask> tried his hand with another startup label, Velocette. The entire staff was made up of <mask>s, including his son, <mask>., daughter, Amantha, and nephew, Jason.<mask> was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in 1986. He died of cancer at the age of 66 in his home in Atlanta, Georgia on April 22, 2006. "<mask> was one of the preeminent producers of great music in America," former president Jimmy Carter said in a statement. <mask>'s work with Redding, the Allmans and others, Carter said, "helped to put Macon and Georgia on the musical map of the world." References

External links
Obituary in the New York Times
Obituary in Rolling Stone Magazine

1940 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
Mercer University alumni
Deaths from cancer in Georgia (U.S.

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title: Jon Ossoff

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<mask>  <mask> ( ; born February 16, 1987) is an American politician serving as the senior United States senator from Georgia since 2021. A member of the Democratic Party, <mask> was previously a documentary film producer and investigative journalist. <mask> was the Democratic nominee in the 2017 special election for Georgia's 6th congressional district, which had long been considered a Republican stronghold. The special election proved competitive. It generated national attention, and became the most expensive House election in U.S. history. <mask> narrowly lost the race to Karen Handel. In 2020, <mask> won the Democratic nomination for the 2020 U.S. Senate election in Georgia to run against then-incumbent Republican senator David Perdue.Neither candidate reached the 50 percent threshold on the November 3 general election, triggering a runoff election on January 5, 2021, which Ossoff won. Ossoff serves alongside fellow Democrat Raphael Warnock, who defeated incumbent Republican Kelly Loeffler in the 2020 Senate special election runoff, also on January 5, 2021. The two races attracted significant national attention and spending, as they decided which party would control the Senate in the 117th Congress. With Warnock and <mask>'s victories, Democrats gained a majority in the Senate. With his victory, Ossoff became the youngest member of the Senate elected since Don Nickles in 1980 as well as the first Jewish member of the Senate from Georgia, the first Jewish senator from the Deep South since Benjamin F<mask> of Louisiana, who was elected in 1878, and the first millennial United States senator. Warnock and Ossoff are the first Democrats to represent Georgia in the United States Senate since Zell Miller in 2005. Early life and education
<mask> was born on February 16, 1987, in Atlanta, Georgia.He was raised in Northlake, an unincorporated community. <mask>'s mother, Heather Fenton, is an Australian immigrant who was born and raised in Sydney and immigrated to the United States at the age of 23. She co-founded

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title: Jon Ossoff

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 NewPower PAC, an organization that works to elect women to local office across Georgia. His father, <mask>, who is of Russian Jewish and Lithuanian Jewish descent, owns Strafford Publications, a specialist publishing company. Ossoff was raised Jewish and, due to his mother being a gentile, formally converted to the religion prior to his bar mitzvah. His ancestors fled pogroms in the early 20th century, and he noted in an interview that he grew up among Holocaust survivors and detailed how this greatly influenced him and his worldviews. He previously held Australian citizenship through his mother.He attended The Paideia School, an independent school in Atlanta. While in high school, he interned for civil rights leader and U.S. representative John Lewis. In 2009, Ossoff graduated from Georgetown University's Walsh School of Foreign Service with a Bachelor of Science degree. He attended classes taught by former U.S. secretary of state Madeleine Albright and former Israeli ambassador to the United States Michael Oren. He earned a Master of Science degree in international political economy from the London School of Economics in 2013. Early career
After receiving a recommendation from John Lewis, Ossoff worked as a national security staffer and legislative assistant for foreign affairs and defense policy for U.S. representative Hank Johnson from 2007 to 2012. From 2013 to 2021, Ossoff was the managing director and chief executive officer of Insight: The World Investigates (TWI), a London-based investigative television production company that works with reporters to create documentaries about corruption in foreign countries.The firm produced BBC investigations about ISIS war crimes and death squads in East Africa. <mask> was involved in producing a documentary about the staging of a play in Sierra Leone. Ossoff had previously received an inheritance of an unknown amount from his grandfather, a former co-owner of a Massachusetts leather factory, which he used $250,000 of to co-fund Insight: TWI alongside company

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 founder and former BBC reporter Ron McCullagh, who first met Ossoff when he was 16-years-old during a family vacation to France and who he would kept in contact with afterward. 2017 U.S. House campaign

After learning that Republican Tom Price of Georgia's 6th congressional district had been appointed secretary of health and human services by president-elect Donald Trump, Ossoff announced his candidacy for the special election on January 5, 2017. Ossoff quickly emerged as the most viable Democratic candidate out of a large field of candidates. He was endorsed by congressmen Hank Johnson and John Lewis, and state House Democratic leader Stacey Abrams. He also received public support from U.S. senator and Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders.Ossoff raised over $8.3 million by early April of that year. According to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, <mask> "transformed what was expected to be a quiet battle for a long-safe Republican seat into a proxy fight over Trump, the health care overhaul and the partisan struggle for suburbia". When he entered the race, the Cook Partisan Voting Index rated Georgia's 6th congressional district at R+14; the district was not considered competitive, and had been represented in Congress by Republicans since 1978. Less than two months before <mask>'s announcement, Price had been re-elected in a landslide, with 62 percent of the vote. <mask> grew up in what is now the 6th district, where his family still resides, although as of the election he lived about  outside the district's boundaries in the neighboring 4th district. He said he only lived in the 4th temporarily so that his live-in girlfriend, who was then an Emory University medical student, could walk to work. Members of the House are only required to live in the state they represent.The two became engaged during the campaign. On April 18, 2017, no candidate received 50 percent of the vote in the blanket primary. <mask> led with about 48.1 percent of the vote, Republican candidate Karen Handel received 19.8

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title: Jon Ossoff

texts: percent, while the remainder of votes were scattered for 16 other candidates. Because no candidate secured an absolute majority, the top two vote-getters, <mask> and Handel, competed in a runoff election on June 20, 2017. <mask> won all but 1 percent of the Democratic vote, while the Republican vote was more heavily split. Republicans collectively won 51.2 percent of the overall vote. Ossoff broke national fundraising records for a U.S. House candidate.In total, his campaign raised more than $23 million, two-thirds of which was contributed by small-dollar donors nationwide. His opponent, Handel, and national Republican groups attacked him for raising significant small-dollar contributions from outside of Georgia, although Handel's campaign received the bulk of its support from super PACs and other outside groups, including those funded anonymously by so-called "dark money". Combined spending by the campaigns and outside groups on their behalf added up to over $55 million, which was the most expensive House election in U.S. history. During the campaign, Republican strategy focused on connecting him to Democratic minority leader Nancy Pelosi, a polarizing and unpopular figure among Republicans; Ossoff declined to say whether he would, if elected, support Pelosi for Speaker. On the June 20 runoff, Ossoff was defeated by Handel, 51.78 to 48.22 percent. According to Atlanta Magazine, "while his percentage of the total vote remained steady from April to now, Ossoff garnered 32,220 more votes in those three months, a 34 percent increase ... Ossoff and his allies might have scooped up nearly every Democrat vote there was to get—and it still wasn't enough to overcome the GOP's numerical advantage." The New York Times reported that he "produced probably the strongest Democratic turnout in an off-year election in at least a decade", "brought a surprising number of irregular young and nonwhite voters to the polls," and nearly doubled youth turnout in the 6th district from the 2014 midterm election.However, according to

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