title: Eduard Kokoity

texts:
<mask> (; born 31 October 1964) is the former President of the partially recognized state South Ossetia. His term in office lasted just under ten years, beginning December 2001 and ending December 2011. Early life

<mask> (, ; , ; , ; surname also rendered as <mask> or Kokoyti or in a Russified version as , ) was born in Tskhinvali, in the Georgian SSR, a part of the Soviet Union at the time. He was a member, and champion, of the Soviet Union's national wrestling team. Prior to 1989, he was the First Secretary of the Tskhinvali branch of the Komsomol, the Young Communist League. He moved to Moscow in 1992, where he became a businessman, after learning about capitalism. In 2001, he moved back to South Ossetia.2001 presidential election
Kokoyty was elected president, at the age of 38, with a majority in the presidential elections of November–December 2001. In the first round of the elections on 18 November 2001, he collected 45% of the vote, with Stanislav Kochiev collecting 24%, and incumbent Lyudvig Chibirov collecting 21%. In the Second and final round, he won 53% of the vote to Stanislav Kochiev's 40% on 6 December. Kokoyty assumed office on 18 December 2001. Kokoyty's victory was unexpected and owed much to the support of the Tedeyev clan, one of South Ossetia's most powerful families. He had gained key support from Albert "Dik" Tedeyev and his brother Dzhambolat, also a champion wrestler, who organized and financed Kokoyty's election campaign. The clan had previously supported Lyudvig Chibirov, but broke off support for him after he attempted to move against them.After Kokoyty was elected president, members of the Tedeyev clan took over responsibility for the republic's customs service and

masks:
Eduard Dzhabeyevich Kokoyty
Eduard Kokoyty
Kokoity


title: Eduard Kokoity

type: original

texts:
 Sanakoyev, a former prime minister of South Ossetia, who was sacked by Kokoyty in 2001, was elected as a rival president.On 10 December 2011, he resigned as President of South Ossetia. Prime Minister Vadim Brovtsev was acting president until the presidential election rerun on 25 March 2012. <mask> was constitutionally barred from serving a third term in office. Although attempts were made to call a referendum to change the constitution, this was blocked by the Supreme Court. Kokoyty himself stated he had no intention in seeking a third term, and called on everybody to refrain from initiatives to allow him to serve a third term. After multiple elections and several rounds of voting, Leonid Tibilov was elected president 8 April 2012. Controversy
On 11 September 2008 Kokoyty stated that independent South Ossetia would eventually become part of the Russian Federation, a claim that was quickly denied by Russian officials and shortly thereafter retracted by Kokoyty.Kokoyty is a Eurasianist and argues that South Ossetia never left the Russian Empire. Since December 2008, Kokoyty's former allies have subjected him to heavy criticism in a series of interviews with the Russian media. Kokoyty's erstwhile insider and the Russia-based businessman Albert Dzhussoyev accused the Kokoyty administration of hijacking Russian funds meant for South Ossetia and claimed the region was on the brink of a "social catastrophe". Similar charges have been brought by South Ossetia's former defense minister Anatoly Barankevich and prime minister Yury Morozov. Barankevich further claimed that Kokoyty had fled Tskhinvali during the 2008 South Ossetia War and accused him of personally torturing a captured Georgian soldier.


title: Haskel Lookstein

texts:
<mask> (born March 21, 1932) is an American Modern Orthodox Rabbi who serves as the rabbi emeritus of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. <mask> served as the rabbi of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun from 1958 through 2015, and as the principal of the Ramaz School from 1966 through 2015. Early years and personal life
<mask> started first grade at the Ramaz School in 1937, the year it was established by his father, Rabbi <mask>, who was then senior rabbi of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun. The school was named in honor of <mask>'s grandfather-in-law and predecessor in the pulpit, Rabbi Moses Zevulun Margolies. As a child in the 1940s and 1950s, <mask> would maintain a "shul scorecard", tracking the weather, the subject of his father's sermon, the details of any special occasions, and the number of congregants in attendance, which hovered in the 200s, depending on the subject of the sermon. He married the former Audrey Katz on June 21, 1959. Education
<mask> received his undergraduate degree from Columbia University, and took a master's degree at Yeshiva University.After receiving his rabbinic ordination from Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary in 1958, he was offered pulpits in Detroit and at the Sephardic Temple in Cedarhurst, New York. He had also been offered a position as assistant rabbi serving under his father, Rabbi <mask>, a choice that he was warned against. In the end he decided for his home congregation, and was installed as assistant rabbi at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun, serving under his father, on June 14, 1958. Work
In 1958, Rabbi <mask> began serving as Assistant Rabbi of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun. In

masks:
Haskel Lookstein
Lookstein
Lookstein
Joseph Lookstein
Joseph Lookstein
Lookstein
Lookstein
Joseph Lookstein
Lookstein


title: Haskel Lookstein

texts: 1966, The New York Times devoted an article to <mask>'s May 14 sermon on the weekly Torah portion of Behar / Bechukotai, in which <mask> described the Talmud as a model for a modern civil rights manual. In the sermon, he characterized the 25th chapter of the Book of Leviticus, which is read at the beginning of Parashat Behar, as "one of the most profound sources" for the social consciousness of religion during the Civil Rights era, and went on to explicate the relevance of the Talmud, noting, for example, that it holds that no man is free if he does not have economic opportunity or the right to live where he chooses. Also in 1966, <mask> began his tenure as principal of the Ramaz School.<mask>'s political activism began with repeated visits to the former Soviet Union, and numerous rallies on behalf of Natan Sharansky and Soviet Jewry, and it continued with activism on behalf of the Jews of Israel and worldwide. Following the death of his father, in July 1979, <mask> assumed the position of senior rabbi of Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun. Filled with concern at the responsibility of filling the role served by his father as the congregation's leader, he was reassured after his father's funeral by his mother, who said: "<mask>, you'll sit there; that was dad's seat", and shortly thereafter: "Well, you'll finally have a nice office"; successfully assuaging his worries. He was selected by Newsweek magazine as the most influential Orthodox pulpit rabbi in the United States in 2008, ranked second nationwide behind Conservative Rabbi David Wolpe of Los Angeles. Newsweek's rankings were based on success in congregational growth and inspiration, leadership in the community

masks:
Lookstein
Lookstein
Lookstein
Rabbi Lookstein
Rabbi Lookstein
Haskel


title: Haskel Lookstein

texts:
 and within his denominational movement, and the ability to serve the spiritual needs of his congregation. <mask> has a vision of an open and centrist Orthodox Judaism which he defines as "a middle of the road philosophy of Orthodox Judaism that embraces the entire community", with "an uncompromising love of all Jews". Controversy

President Obama's National Prayer Service
On January 21, 2009, <mask> was one of three rabbinical participants in the National Prayer Service at the National Cathedral, representing, loosely speaking, the Orthodox Jewish contingent.The Rabbinical Council of America (RCA), the primary American modern-Orthodox rabbinic association, initially took exception to his presence, stating that, "participation in a prayer service held in the sanctuary of a church is prohibited", and adding: "Any member of the RCA who attends such a service does so in contravention of this policy and should not be perceived as representing the organization in any capacity." After its initial statement was publicized, however, the RCA subsequently softened its stance. Rabbi Basil Herring, its executive director, issued a new statement, saying simply: "Rabbi <mask> did not represent the Rabbinical Council of America in attending that service, and therefore, we have no comment on the matter." Jewish conversions
A woman who was converted to Judaism by <mask> was refused recognition as a Jew by an Israeli Rabbinical Court in Petah Tikva, Israel, part of an international controversy over just who outside of the official Israeli Rabbinate will have their conversions recognized in Israel. The controversy gained a significantly higher profile because <mask> also converted

masks:
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Rabbi Lookstein
Lookstein
Lookstein
Lookstein


title: Haskel Lookstein

texts:
 Ivanka Trump, daughter of Donald Trump, prior to her 2009 marriage to Jared Kushner. It seemed that officials of the Israeli government, which "has traditionally not accepted conversions done in liberal streams of Judaism", were indirectly casting aspersion on Ivanka Trump's conversion. The rejection of conversions performed by <mask> was condemned by the Jewish Agency for Israel, the large international NGO "responsible for the immigration ... and absorption of Jews and their families from the Diaspora into Israel".RNC invocation
In July 2016, <mask> accepted the invitation of Ivanka Trump, a member of his congregation, to offer the opening invocation at the 2016 Republican National Convention. After the invitation was made public, many Kehilath Jeshurun congregants as well as Ramaz alumni signed a petition requesting <mask> to refrain from appearing at the RNC, condemning Trump's "racist, misogynistic rhetoric". <mask>, responding to the uproar, backtracked, and in an e-mail sent out to the congregants, he explained that he was withdrawing from the RNC "in the interest of bringing our community together". His prepared remarks, which <mask> also sent out, included the following benediction:

In the aftermath, some argued that the pressure put on <mask> to withdraw was counterproductive, inferring, from the content of his prepared remarks, a subtle rebuke to then-nominee Trump. References

1932 births
Living people
People from Manhattan
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary semikhah recipients
Yeshiva University alumni
Modern Orthodox rabbis
Orthodox rabbis from New York City
20th-century American rabbis
21st-century

masks: Lookstein Lookstein Lookstein Lookstein Lookstein Lookstein


title: Jim Gilmore

texts:
<mask> III (born October 6, 1949) is an American politician, diplomat, statesman, and former attorney who was the 68th Governor of Virginia from 1998 to 2002 and Chairman of the Republican National Committee in 2001. A native Virginian, <mask> graduated with a Bachelor of Arts and a Juris Doctor from the University of Virginia, and then served in the U.S. Army as a counterintelligence agent. He was later elected to public office as a county prosecutor, as the Attorney General of Virginia, and as Governor of Virginia. <mask> was a candidate for the Republican nomination for President of the United States in the 2008 and 2016 elections. In November 2018, <mask> was nominated by President Donald Trump to serve as the U.S. Representative to United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, a position which carries the rank of ambassador. His nomination was confirmed by a voice vote of the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2019. <mask> was sworn in on June 25, 2019 and presented his credentials to OSCE Secretary General Thomas Greminger on July 2, 2019.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Richmond, Virginia, the son of Margaret Evelyn (née Kandle), a church secretary, and James Stuart <mask>., a grocery store meat cutter. He graduated from John Randolph Tucker High School and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Virginia in 1971. Military service
In 1971, <mask> volunteered to serve in the United States Army after attending college, receiving training and preparation for service in the Military Intelligence Corps at the newly created United States Army Intelligence Center at Fort Huachuca in Arizona. <mask> also received rigorous foreign language education at the United States

masks:
James Stuart Gilmore
Gilmore
Gilmore
Gilmore
Gilmore
Gilmore
Gilmore Jr
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title: Jim Gilmore

texts:
 Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California. <mask> then worked for three years in the early 1970s, in the 650th Military Intelligence Group. Serving in West Germany during the Vietnam War and fluent in German, he served as a U.S. Army Counterintelligence Agent. Legal career
<mask> received his J.D.degree from University of Virginia Law School in 1977, A decade later, he was elected Commonwealth's Attorney in Henrico County and was re-elected in 1991. In 1993, he was elected Virginia's attorney general, defeating Democratic nominee William D. Dolan III by more than 10 percentage points (958,982 to 749,565 votes). <mask> resigned in 1997 to run for governor. Governor of Virginia
In 1997, <mask> faced then-Lieutenant Governor Don Beyer and Reform Party candidate Sue Harris Debauche in a bid to succeed George Allen as governor. <mask> campaigned heavily on the twin promises of hiring 4,000 new teachers in public schools and phasing out Virginia's personal property tax on automobiles. <mask> was elected, winning 56% of the vote to Beyer's 43%. In his first year as governor, <mask> pushed for car tax reduction legislation that was eventually passed by the Democratic-controlled General Assembly.The legislation reduced car taxes on all cars valued less than $1,000, and phased out the tax on auto values over $1,000 as follows: 12.5% reduction in 1998; 25% reduction in 1999; 47.5% reduction in 2000; 70% reduction in 2001; 100% reduction in 2002. Beginning in 2001, Virginia's economy slowed and tax revenues flattened. In addition to a downturn in the national economy in 2001, Northern Virginia's economy was severely impacted after terrorists flew a hijacked airplane into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, on September 11,

masks: Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore


title: Jim Gilmore

texts: 2001, resulting in the closure of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport for 23 days. Despite the economic downturn, <mask> insisted on advancing the car tax phase out from a 47.5% reduction of each taxpayer's bill in 2000 to the scheduled 70% reduction in 2001. <mask> signed an executive order, which was passed by the General Assembly, reducing state spending by all agencies, except for education, to keep the state's budget balanced during the economic downturn. Democrats criticized the spending reductions and car tax cut. According to the Washington Post, "Virginia's politicians struggled to balance car-tax relief against demands for public services."When <mask> left office in January 2002, the state's "rainy day fund," or revenue stabilization fund, had fallen to $900 million. In April 1998, <mask>'s first trip abroad as governor was to Germany with his Secretary of Commerce, Barry Duval. They sought to expand jobs and investment with German companies who at the time had invested more than $2 billion and 10,000 jobs in the Commonwealth. During his tenure, Gov. <mask> was focused on creating jobs by leading several trade missions to: South America in 1999 (Argentina, Brazil, Chile); Asia in 2000 (Japan, South Korea, Taiwan); Europe again in 2001 (Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland). Mr. <mask>, since leaving office, has also traveled to Pakistan, Australia, and Peru. He also traveled to Israel when he was Attorney General of Virginia in the early 1990s.The Gilmore Administration implemented new Standards of Learning reforms in Virginia's public schools. The Standards of Learning prescribed a uniform curriculum in mathematics, science, English and social studies and instituted new tests at the end of the third, fifth and

masks: Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore


title: Jim Gilmore

texts: eighth grades, as well as end-of-course tests in high school, to measure student achievement. During <mask>'s term, Virginia's public school students' scores increased on these state tests as well as nationally normed tests. In 1999, <mask> proposed and signed into law legislation that reduced tuitions at public colleges and universities by 20%. <mask> also commissioned a Blue Ribbon Commission on Higher Education that studied accountability and governance of public colleges and universities. <mask>'s Commission authored the first blueprint for decentralized regulatory and administrative authority to some universities in return for agreements to meet agreed upon performance objectives. <mask> also proposed and signed into law Virginia's first stand-alone Martin Luther King Holiday.Prior to this proposal, Virginia had observed a combined Lee-Jackson-King Day that recognized Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson and Martin Luther King on the same day each year. <mask> and his wife hosted a historic reception in the Governor's Mansion for Coretta Scott King and announced a technology partnership between Virginia and the King Center for Nonviolence. <mask> also proposed and funded a new African-American History Trail in Virginia and called upon the State Board of Education to include a more diverse range of historical figures in Virginia's Social Studies curriculum. Test scores during <mask>'s term showed a narrowing of the "achievement gap" between minority and white students. <mask> significantly increased funding for two of Virginia's historically black universities, Norfolk State University and Virginia State University. <mask> created the nation's first state Secretary of Technology, a position first held by Donald Upson.

masks: Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore


title: Jim Gilmore

texts:
 Together they established a statewide technology commission, and signed into law the nation's first comprehensive state Internet policy.During his term, 37 people were executed in Virginia. <mask> granted executive clemency to one death row inmate on the basis of mental illness. In another well publicized case, he pardoned Earl Washington, a former death row inmate, after DNA tests, ordered by <mask>, implicated another person. <mask> also ordered DNA tests in the case of Derek Rocco Barnabei; the tests confirmed Barnabei's guilt and he was executed. As governor, <mask> signed into law legislation establishing a 24-hour waiting period and informed consent for women seeking an abortion, as well as a ban against partial birth abortion. <mask> increased funding for adoption services. He also signed into law a bill that banned human cloning.In 1998, <mask> went to court to try to prevent the removal of a feeding tube of coma victim Hugh Finn. <mask> argued that removal of a feeding tube was not removal of artificial life support because it amounted to starvation of an infirm person who could not feed himself. As Attorney General of Virginia, <mask> had defended a legal challenge to Virginia's first parental notification law for minors seeking abortions. The Virginia Constitution forbids any governor from serving consecutive terms, so <mask> could not run for a second term in 2001. He was succeeded by Democrat Mark Warner, who took office in early 2002. Subsequent runs for office

2008 presidential candidacy

A "Draft Gilmore for President" group was formed in August 2006 encouraging <mask> to run for President of the United States. On December 19, 2006, <mask> announced he would form an exploratory committee to "fill the

masks: Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore


title: Jim Gilmore

texts:
 conservative void" in the race.On January 9, 2007, <mask> officially filed papers with the Federal Election Commission to form the <mask> for President Exploratory Committee. <mask> said he represented "the Republican wing of the Republican Party" in the race for the 2008 Presidential nomination; the comment mirrored the slogan used by Howard Dean when seeking the Democratic nomination in the 2004 election, who lifted the slogan from Senator Paul Wellstone. <mask> officially announced his candidacy on April 26, 2007. In the first quarter of 2007 <mask> raised $174,790, the second lowest of any of the major-party candidates. <mask> hosted only one fundraiser in the first quarter due to a late exploratory announcement. On July 14, 2007, <mask> announced that he was ending his campaign. <mask> said that it would be "impractical" to run, citing the difficulty of raising enough money to be competitive in early-voting states Iowa, New Hampshire, and South Carolina.2008 Senate campaign

In an interview with Politico, <mask> said that he had been approached to run for the Senate seat of John Warner, who had announced that he would retire at the end of his term in 2009. By the end of the summer, many media outlets, most notably the Washington Post, thought it would be a foregone conclusion that <mask> would jump into the Senate race. <mask>'s successor as governor, Mark Warner, had already announced in September, and 11th District Congressman Tom Davis had informally announced his candidacy a few days after Mark Warner's announcement. <mask> lobbied strongly for choosing the party's nominee at a statewide convention rather than a primary, claiming that a convention would cost only $1 million versus the $4 million required to run a

masks:
Gilmore
Jim Gilmore
Gilmore
Gilmore
Gilmore
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Gilmore
Gilmore
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Gilmore
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title: Jim Gilmore

texts: primary campaign. This was no small consideration, as the race for the Democratic nomination essentially ended with Mark Warner's entry into the race. It was understood that Warner would use his considerable wealth to self-finance his campaign. It was thought that a convention would favor <mask>, since most of the delegates would come from the party's activist base, which is tilted strongly to the right.A primary was thought to favor Davis due to his popularity in voter-rich Northern Virginia; Davis is a moderate Republican, and most Republicans in Northern Virginia tend to be more moderate than their counterparts elsewhere in the state. On October 13, 2007 the state party's central committee voted 47–37 to hold a convention rather than a primary. With this decision, <mask> said he was seriously considering a run for the Senate. <mask> formally announced his candidacy via a YouTube video on November 19, 2007. He said that he was running to give Virginia "a strong and steady hand" in the Senate. The domain name jimgilmoreforsenate.com had been registered on July 10 – four months before <mask>'s formal entry – and the username that uploaded the video to YouTube had been registered on October 16. <mask> faced a challenge from his right in State Delegate Bob Marshall of Prince William County.Marshall charged <mask> with being too soft on abortion. However, at the convention <mask> won the nomination by a margin of only 65 votes out of 3,000 cast. In the November election, <mask> was heavily defeated, winning only 34 percent of the vote to Warner's 65 percent. <mask> only carried four counties in the state – Rockingham, Augusta, Powhatan and Hanover. In many cases, he lost in many areas of the state that are normally reliably

masks: Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore Gilmore


title: Jim Gilmore

texts:
 Republican. This was the worst showing for a Republican Senate candidate in Virginia since Chuck Robb defeated Maurice Dawkins with 71 percent of the vote in 1988. 2016 presidential candidacy

On July 7, 2015, <mask> told the Associated Press that he planned to announce his candidacy for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination in the first week of August 2015.On July 29, <mask> filed his candidacy for President of the United States with the Federal Election Commission. He announced his candidacy via an internet video clip the next day. The same evening, he appeared on Special Report with Bret Baier as the "center seat" where panelists Charles Krauthammer, Julie Pace, and Steve Hayes questioned him on a variety of issues. According to his campaign website, <mask>'s main issues that he would address if elected President include preserving the 2nd Amendment right to bear arms, immigration and border re-enforcement, healthcare reform, and restoring America's economy. <mask> was consistently the lowest-polling candidate in the 2016 GOP field. He rarely registered more than 1% in a national poll, often polling at 0%, and sometimes was not offered as a choice. This resulted in his polling at 0.0% in the Huffington Post aggregate poll, and lack of showings in the earlier Real Clear Politics aggregate poll.<mask> failed to qualify for all but two of the "undercard" lower-tier debates. He was the only commonly polled candidate to be left out of more than one undercard debate. <mask> insisted that he was "not going anywhere" and would continue to run. On January 26, 2016, after being denied participation in five consecutive debates, <mask> was invited back for the "undercard" debate on January 28, his first debate since August.


title: Jim Gilmore

texts:
 This was the last debate before the Iowa caucuses. The "undercard" debates were discontinued after the Iowa Caucuses. In the 2016 Iowa Republican caucuses, <mask> received 12 votes, not earning him any delegates.He then received 133 votes in the New Hampshire primary. <mask> indicated he intended to continue his campaign into South Carolina. However, he suspended his campaign a week before that primary, on February 12, 2016. Appointments and other positions

During his term as governor, <mask> chaired the Congressional Advisory Commission on Electronic Commerce. The Commission was charged with the task of making recommendations to the United States Congress on Internet taxation. The Commission's Report to Congress opposed taxation of the Internet. <mask> served on the board of Windmill International, a government contractor previously accused of trying to secure fraudulent contracts in Iraq.His service on the board was not mentioned in his campaign filings, as required. <mask> was never accused of wrongdoing regarding fraud committed in Windmill International's name. From 1999 to 2003, <mask> chaired the Congressional Advisory Panel to Assess Domestic Capabilities for Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction, nicknamed the Gilmore Commission. It presented five reports to Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush, and to Congress each December 15 from 1999 through 2003. From January 2001 to January 2002, <mask> was the Chairman of the Republican National Committee. <mask> is the President & CEO of the Free Congress Foundation, a conservative think tank which was founded by Paul Weyrich. <mask> has re-branded the Free Congress Foundation into the American Opportunity Foundation.<mask> has also served as Chairman of


title: Jim Gilmore

texts:
 the National Council on Readiness & Preparedness, a homeland security program focused on community involvement and public/private partnerships. He is also President of USA Secure, a non-profit homeland security think tank based in Washington, D.C.

From 2005 to 2017 he served on the Board of Directors of the National Rifle Association. In 2021, <mask> was interviewed, by contributors Christopher Lim and Kendall O'Donnell from the UK-based think-tank The Bruges Group on his time as United States Ambassador to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, the European Union, US - China relations, and the Biden Administration's foreign policy. <mask> criticised the G7's B3W programme, saying there was "zero discussion of [B3W] in the United States", and described President Biden's relationship with European allies as "a lot of public messaging, to be polite, and a lot of talk, to be not so polite". <mask> was praised for "asking hard-hitting, pertinent questions that need to be asked of the Biden Administration", and "reaffirming [his] place as one of the GOP's premier foreign policy minds"

Ambassador to the OSCE
<mask> was considered for the position of United States Ambassador to Germany by the Trump Administration, but ultimately not chosen. In November 2018, <mask> was nominated as the next U.S. Representative to the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe with the rank of ambassador. He was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on May 23, 2019.<mask> took his oath of office on June 25, 2019 and presented his credentials to OSCE Secretary General Thomas Greminger on July 2, 2019. See also
 2016 Republican Party presidential candidates

References

 This article contains some material copied from


title: Warren James

texts:
<mask> (1792–1841) was a rebel leader in the Forest of Dean, England. As the Industrial Revolution began to take hold in the Forest of Dean, the Crown resolved to dilute the Foresters’ freemining rights and introduce free-market forces to the area. Then, in 1808, Parliament directed that large areas of the Forest be enclosed, in order to satisfy an increased demand for naval timber. Unable to compete with the outside industrialists, and denied their ancient rights to collect timber or graze animals in the enclosed areas, many Foresters descended into abject poverty. Unrest grew and <mask> emerged as a populist leader. In 1831 he led a group of up to 3000 Foresters in open revolt against the Crown, tearing down around 60 miles of fencing in an attempt to retake possession of the enclosures. <mask> was tried and sentenced to death, though this was commuted to transportation to Tasmania.He was pardoned five years later, but unable to return home, he died in Hobart in 1841. His actions have inspired many other campaigns over the years and he remains one of the most significant figures in Forest of Dean history. Early life
<mask>' father, also <mask> (1751–1809), married Ann Kear (1755–1836) in 1777. At first they lived in a rented cottage in Bream, but in 1782 they moved to an encroachment cottage, which they had built on land between Parkend and Whitecroft. A map dated 1787 shows the family house as being on the southern edge of Parkend, and describes it as a 'Turf' cottage, built on encroached land, and valued by the Crown at 15 shillings per year. <mask> (the younger) was born in July 1792, and was baptised at Bream Chapel on 29 July 1792. He was the fourth son, and sixth born, of nine children.The younger <mask> appears to have had no formal education, although later documents show that he

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Warren James
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title: Warren James

texts:
 could read and write as an adult. Along with his six brothers, he followed his father to become a miner at an early age. Little is known of his family life, though the family were undoubtedly impoverished. Encroachment cottages were illegally built single storey, built of loose stones and covered with turf. They had no windows, only a low door, a crude fireplace with chimney, and a floor paved with stones. The constant threat was that the authorities could destroy their home and remove them from the land. <mask>' house was destroyed and the family removed from the land in 1813, the land being forested after the removal.Aged 20 or 21, <mask> moved with his mother to Bream. He never married. Background to the Dean Forest Riots
The Forest of Dean is home to a range of natural resources, primarily timber, coal and iron ore. These had been exploited on a small scale since before Roman times, but the possibilities of large scale extraction had not escaped the attention of the Crown. Free-mining rights had been granted to foresters at least as far back as 1244, but there had been a long tradition of disputes between the Crown and foresters over these rights. In 1612 the Earl of Pembroke attempted to enclose extensive areas of forest. In an effort to preserve their rights, the foresters took him to the Exchequer Court and won.There had also been previous riots, such as those which took place in 1631 when Sir Giles Mompesson built three new coal mines. As the Industrial Revolution began to take hold, the Crown became more determined than ever to introduce the free market into the forest, and with it the right of outside industrialists to own land and mineral rights. They began by outlawing the Mine Law Court in 1777, and physically destroying the Mine Law documents which constituted the laws by which

masks: James James


title: Warren James

texts: the forest miners governed themselves. Soon industrialists from outside the area began opening large iron and coal mines. The Free Miners found it difficult to compete with these and often ended up working as waged labourers for the new owners. In 1808, Parliament passed the Dean Forest (Timber) Act in response to a severe shortage of naval timber. The act included the provision to enclose 11,000 acres (4,452 ha) of the forest.Responsibility for the execution of this part of the Act fell to a young, newly appointed deputy surveyor named Edward Machen. He established his office at Whitemead Park, in Parkend, and in 1814 he enclosed and replanted Nagshead, the main woodland of Parkend. By 1816 all  had been enclosed. Ordinary foresters were already poverty stricken, but now their plight had grown worse. They were denied access to the enclosed areas and so were unable to hunt in them or remove timber. In particular, they lost their ancient grazing and mining rights. Unrest was growing, but at first there was no organised resistance as the foresters had been told that the fences would be removed after 20 years, once the oaks were mature enough to withstand grazing.In 1828 and 1829, the Foresters petitioned to have the fences removed, but were turned down. In 1830 the 'Committee of Free Miners' chose <mask> to petition the Chief Commissioner and others in London. A petition from <mask>, opposing the commission's parliamentary bill, was presented to the House of Commons on 11 June 1830, but foundered. After further efforts to have the fences removed failed, <mask> finally called the Free Miners to action. A notice, dated 3 June 1831, was distributed and instructed Free Miners to meet on the following Wednesday "for the purpose of opening the Forest". <mask> and Machen knew each other well, as both

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title: Warren James

texts:
 were regular churchgoers at Parkend. On Sunday 4 June they held a public meeting outside the church gates in Parkend.It was a final attempt to resolve the matter peaceably, but they could agree on nothing. The date given on the notice is "Meet on Wednesday next the 7th instant for the purpose of Opening the Forest...." Wednesday was in fact the 8th, but the wording may only be confusing in the context of modern-day interpretation. In any case, it was on the 8th that they met. The riots
Machen confronted <mask> at Park Hill enclosure, between Parkend and Bream, but <mask>, who was leading a group of over 100 foresters, proceeded to demolish the fences there. Machen, and about 50 unarmed Crown Officers, were powerless to intervene. He returned to Parkend and sent for troops. On the Friday, a party of 50 soldiers arrived from Monmouth, but by now the number of Foresters had grown to over 2,000 and the soldiers returned to their barracks.By Saturday night, there was scarcely a mile of unbroken fence in the forest, but the next day a squadron of heavily armed soldiers arrived from Doncaster and the day after, another 180 infantrymen arrived from Plymouth. The Foresters' resistance soon crumbled. Most melted away into the forest and returned home. <mask> was arrested, and committed to trial at Gloucester Assizes on Monday, 13 August 1831. Trial of <mask>

Machen was the first, and chief witness at the trial. He spoke about the notice <mask> had issued, and how he had, in turn issued his own notice cautioning that such action was illegal. He referred to his meeting with <mask>, on the Sunday, and said that <mask> had claimed possession of a document which proved the enclosures were unlawful.Machen went on to say that, on Wednesday morning (the day of the riot) he had gone to <mask>' house in the

masks:
James
James
Warren James
Warren James
James
James
James
James


title: Warren James

texts:
 morning, asking him to produce the document. <mask> replied that it was in his house and said he would fetch it "and in a minute or two returned, with a pick axe on his shoulder." Machen then described how he and another magistrate had followed <mask> to the enclosure at Park Hill, how he had warned him again, how <mask> had made the first 'blow', and how he (Machen) had eventually read the riot act. After listening to several more witnesses, the jury found <mask> guilty of felony under the Riot Act, but made a plea for clemency on the grounds of his previous good character. The judge, Mr Justice Patteson, sentenced <mask> to death, but within two weeks this was commuted to transportation for life. <mask> was sent to Van Diemen’s Land, modern day Tasmania. Of the others who were arrested, one other was also sentenced to death, but this too was later commuted to transportation.Nine people were sentenced to imprisonment, for periods of up to two years, and several others received smaller sentences or fines. Around a hundred others elected to voluntarily rebuild the enclosures, rather than be charged with rioting. Time in Australia
The conditions on transport ships were notoriously bad and convicts frequently died en route. <mask> arrived in Tasmania on 14 February 1832, and was assigned to a working party attached to the Public Works Department in Hobart. It seems that he kept his head down for four years, but on 19 January 1836, he was sentenced to a week's imprisonment for 'neglect of duty and insolence to a magistrate'. Then on 24 February 1836, he was sentenced to thirty six lashes and sent to work in a coal mine near Port Arthur, for 'gross contempt towards the commandant when addressing the prisoners'. Meanwhile, back in the Forest of Dean, the foresters, supported by Machen, had been

masks: James James James James James James James


title: Warren James

texts:
 petitioning for his pardon.This was granted on 16 February 1836, but didn't reach (or wasn't granted to) <mask> until 13 September, and was given without free passage home. <mask> decided to stay in Van Diemen's Land, though his reasons are unknown. Certainly he would have been unable to pay for the passage without assistance, and by now he was also in poor health. It also seems that he had cut himself off from his family and friends, as he apparently had no contact with them since leaving England. <mask> died in rented rooms in Argyll Street, Hobart, on 26 October 1841. A moving account of his last few days was given by his landlord, William Overell, at the inquest. In it he describes <mask>' terrible condition and how he had refused medical attention.The coroner recorded the death as being due to "Atrophy of the belly" and "very acute inflammation of the liver". Physical appearance
No photographs of <mask> exist, but the following description of him, aged around 40, is given on a prison document:

Height - 5feet 3 inches
Complexion - dark
Head - round
Hair/Whiskers - black to grey
Visage - oval
Forehead - long, sloping back
Eyebrows - brown
Eyes - hazel
Nose - sharp
Mouth - large
Chin - medium
Remarks - stout

Although conjecture, he may also have looked young for his age, as the same document describes him as being 30 on arrival in Tasmania, when he was in fact 40. References

Further reading
 Ralph Anstis, <mask> and the Dean Forest Riots,  (Albion House, 1986),  (Breviary Stuff Publications, 2011). Ralph Anstis, The Story of Parkend
 Ian Wright, The Life and Times of <mask> James

External links
 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

English miners
People from Forest of Dean District
People of the Industrial Revolution
1792 births
1841 deaths
Trade union leaders
People from Bream,

masks:
James
James
James
James
James
Warren James
Warren


title: Elizabeth LeCompte

texts:
<mask> (born April 28, 1944) is an American director of experimental theater, dance, and media. A founding member of The Wooster Group, she has directed that ensemble since its emergence in the late 1970s. Life and career
LeCompte was born and grew up in New Jersey. She earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Fine Arts from Skidmore College. She met director and actor Willem Dafoe at The Performance Group and began a professional and personal relationship. Their son, Jack, was born in 1982. With The Wooster Group, she has composed, designed, and directed over forty works for theater, dance, film and video, starting with Sakonnet Point in 1975.These works characteristically interweave performance with multimedia technologies and are strongly influenced by historical and contemporary visual arts and architecture. She is known both for taking apart and reworking classics such as Hamlet, The Emperor Jones, and The Hairy Ape as well as constructing new works from scratch. Prior to her work with The Wooster Group, she was a member of the experimental theater company The Performance Group from 1970 to 1975. Subsequently, <mask> and Spalding Gray founded The Wooster Group, along with Jim Clayburgh, Willem Dafoe, Peyton Smith, Kate Valk, and Ron Vawter. For her work with these groups, LeCompte was included in Mitter and Shevtsova's 2004 volume discussing 50 influential theater directors around the world. Other writers consistently include her in the lineage of experimental theater artists that passes through Meyerhold and Grotowski to the present

masks:
Elizabeth LeCompte
LeCompte


title: Elizabeth LeCompte

texts:
 School (1978)
 Point Judith (an epilog) (1979)

The Road to Immortality
 Route 1 & 9 (1981)
 L.S.D. (…Just the High Points…) (1984)
 Frank Dell’s The Temptation of St. Antony (1988)
 North Atlantic (1984, 1999, 2010)
 Brace Up!(1991, 2003)
 The Emperor Jones (1993, 2006)
 Fish Story (1994)
 The Hairy Ape (1996)
 House/Lights (1998, 2005)
 To You, The Birdie! (Phèdre) (2002)
 Poor Theater (2004)
 Who’s Your Dada?! (2006)
 Hamlet (2007, 2012)
 La Didone (2009)
 Vieux Carré (2011)
 Troilus and Cressida (2012) — a collaboration with the Royal Shakespeare Company; directed by <mask>e and Mark Ravenhill
 Cry, Trojans! (Troilus & Cressida) (2014)
 Early Shaker Spirituals (2014)

Dance
 Hula (1981)
 For the Good Times (1982)
 Dances with T.V. and Mic (1998)
 Erase-E(X) (2004) (with JoJi Inc.)
 I Am Jerome Bel (2008)

Film and video
 Flaubert Dreams of Travel but the Illness of His Mother Prevents It (1986)
 Today I Must Sincerely Congratulate You (1991)
 White Homeland Commando (1992)
 Rhyme ’Em to Death (1994)
 The Emperor Jones (DVD - 1999)
 House/Lights (DVD - 2004)
 There Is Still Time . . Brother (installation - 2007)
 Brace Up! (DVD - 2009)
 Dailies (2010 - present)
 To You, The Birdie!(Phèdre) (DVD - 2011)
 Rumstick Road (DVD - 2013)

Radio-audio
 The Emperor Jones (BBC Radio 3 play - 1998)
 Racine’s Phèdre (BBC Radio 3 play - 2000)

Personal life
In 1977 LeCompte began a relationship with actor Willem Dafoe. They never married and ended their relationship in 2004 after 27 years. The couple have one son, Jack. See also
The Performance


title: Elizabeth LeCompte

texts:
 Group
The Wooster Group

References

Further reading
 Champagne, Leonora, "Always Starting New: <mask>pte," The Drama Review 25:3 (1981). Dunkelberg, Kermit, "Confrontation, Stimulation, Admiration: The Wooster Group’s Poor Theater," The Drama Review 49:3 (2005). Kramer, Jane, "Experimental Journey: <mask> Takes on Shakespeare", The New Yorker (October 8, 2007). LeCompte, <mask>, "An Introduction," Performing Arts Journal, 3:2 (1978).<mask>, <mask>, "Who Owns History? ", Performing Arts Journal, 4:1 (1979). <mask>, <mask>, "The Wooster Group Dances: From the Notebooks of <mask>," The Drama Review, 29:2 (1985). <mask>, <mask>, "500 Words: <mask>e," Art Forum (February 9, 2011). Quick, Andrew, The Wooster Group Work Book (Routledge 2007). Savran, David, Breaking the Rules: The Wooster Group (Theatre Communications Group 1993). Savran, David, "The Death of the Avant Garde," The Drama Review 49:3 (2005).Sterrit, David, "Pioneering a New Kind of Stage Magic," The Christian Science Monitor (December 14, 1981). Yablonsky, Linda, "<mask>ompte," Bomb (Fall 1991). External links

 The Wooster Group website

1944 births
Living people
MacArthur Fellows
Skidmore College

masks:
Elizabeth LeCom
Elizabeth LeCpte
Elizabeth
LeCompte
Elizabeth
LeCompte
Elizabeth
Elizabeth LeCompte
LeCompte
Elizabeth
Elizabeth LeCompt
Elizabeth LeC


title: Wajdi Mallat

texts:
<mask> () (November 22, 1919 – April 17, 2010) was a Lebanese jurist, statesman and author. He was the first president of the Constitutional Council (Arabic ) of Lebanon, from 1994 to 1997. He resigned from the Council over the handling of the parliamentary elections of 1996. Early years
Born on November 22, 1919, <mask> was the scion of a family of poets from the city of Baabda, the capital of Ottoman Mount Lebanon. His uncle Tamer (1856–1914), a judge during the Ottoman era, was a well-known poet who stood publicly against the arbitrariness and corruption of Wasa Basha (Arabic ), the plenipotentiary governor of Mount Lebanon. His mother, Marie Checrallah, hailed from a family of physicians educated in Constantinople. His father, Shibli (1875–1961), was celebrated as  the "Poet of the Cedars" (Arabic ) in Cairo and Alexandria, Baghdad, Damascus, Aleppo and Haifa, and entertained close friendships across the region, from then Emir Abdallah  of Transjordan (later King Abdullah I of Jordan) to the first president of independent Lebanon, Bechara El-Khoury.Education and early career
<mask> <mask> was educated at the Jesuit college of Beirut, then studied for an advanced degree in Latin while earning a Masters in law from Saint Joseph University, where his classmates included many of the subsequent intellectual and political leaders of Lebanon. Among his professors was Choucri Cardahi. <mask> <mask> was attached early on to the unique interwar experiment of liberalism in the Levant, especially Egypt, which he lived first hand from the close friendship between his father and the leader of the Egyptian national movement, Saad

masks:
Wajdi Mallat
Wajdi Mallat
Wajdi
Mallat
Wajdi
Mallat


title: Wajdi Mallat

texts: entrenched factions in Italy's 13th century civil wars. Amongst the Lebanese leadership, he maintained a close friendship with Raymond Eddé, Kamal Jumblatt, Musa al-Sadr and the successive heads of the Maronite Church. The assassination of Kamal Jumblatt in 1977 came as a particular shock because of their literary and professional closeness and the particular affinity that had developed through a century and half of close family ties. In 2009, he published  a diwan (poetry collection) of hitherto unknown poetry by his grand uncle Tamer, including poems to Nasib Jumblatt, a leader of the Lebanese Mountain in the second half of the 19th century.He was also dismayed by the kidnapping in Libya soon afterwards of Imam Musa al-Sadr. He had achieved a historic compromise with Sadr, the head of the Lebanese Shi'i community, over a land dispute in Beirut, where the Imam Sadr Center now stands. His office later brought the case against Mu'ammar al-Qaddafi which led to an indictment and arrest warrant against the Libyan dictator and his aides. He was a strong opponent of Israel's war on Lebanon in 1982 and provided the constitutional formula that put a definitive end to the attempted legitimization of the Israeli invasion known as "the May 17 Agreement".<ref>In an obituary published in his party's newspaper al-Anba''' on 19 April, Lebanese leader Walid Jumblatt criticized the short memory of Lebanese officialdom on the role of <mask> <mask>, who "provided the legal and constitutional argument for cancelling the [May 17] agreement in the Lebanese Parliament." "Tashyi' wajdi mallat fi ba'abda (<mask> <mask>'s funerals in Baabda)",

masks: Wajdi Mallat Wajdi Mallat


title: Wajdi Mallat

texts:
 al-Hayat, 20 April 2010, L'Orient-Le Jour, 20 April 2010.</ref> He was attached to the coming together of the Arab world in what he coined as "white Arabism", which he consistently opposed to the dark military and dictatorial regimes across the Arab world.<ref>"Al-'uruba al-bayda'", a concept coined by <mask> <mask> and developed in Chibli Mallat, "White Arabism", Bitterlemons.org, 3.3.2005, then extensively discussed, see e.g. Joseph Braude, "Arab nationalists react to Saddam's trial", The New Republic, posted 12.12.2005.</ref>

President of the Constitutional Council

In 1994, he was elected by a large majority in the Lebanese Parliament to sit on the newly established Constitutional Council, then by his peers on the Council as its president. Within two years, the Constitutional Council had become the most respected institution in the country owing to its fiercely independent and principled decisions.He resigned from the Council over unfair tampering with parliamentary elections on April 3, 1997. While he never expressed the full reasons for his resignation  to avoid further shocks to the country, he did say in a rare television interview that "the Constitutional Council came to Lebanon 25 years later before its time. "Lebanese Broadcasting Corporation (LBC) interview with Gisèle Khoury, in the program "Hiwar al 'umr (a life conversation)", 27 January 1999. In an obituary published on the front page of the Lebanese daily al-Nahar on 19 April 2010, Lebanese Minister of Justice Ibrahim Najjar mentioned that <mask> felt "there was an obstacle between him and some members of the Council, ...who were keen on pleasing

masks: Wajdi Mallat Mallat


title: Wajdi Mallat

texts:
 political figures." His pattern of resigning high government positions earned him a reputation of a statesman who was keener to protect the public position's dignity over earning it in the first place. Retirement and legacy

He developed in his late years his rare literary talents into several books, including a best-selling book on his various political and professional positions entitled Mawaqef-Positions, in Arabic and French, and a reference compendium of some 700 pages on the mark of his father on contemporary Arab poetry, The Poet of the Cedars: a School for National Identity. He also left thousands of pages in legal studies and briefs, and a fully annotated manuscript of Tamer's recovered diwan.He died in Beirut on 17 April 2010. Personal life

Dedicated to his family's education as his prime concern, he remained extremely private through his career as jurist, man of letters, and politician. During his tenure as the most powerful judge in the country, he refused all invitations to social functions. In 1956, he married Nouhad Diab. They had four children, Manal, Chibli, Raya and Janane, and seven grandchildren. BooksShibli <mask>, Sha'er al-arz, madrasat al-talaqi al-watani (The Poet of the Cedars: a School for National Identity), Joseph Raidi Press, Beirut 1999, in Arabic, with introductions in English and FrenchMawaqef-Positions, Dar al-Nahar, Beirut 2005, in Arabic and French

Edited, Tamer <mask>, Majmu'at qasa'ed wa ash'ar'' (Collection of lost poems), Beirut, private facsimile edition 2009, in Arabic. References

External links
 Mallat Law

1919 births
2010 deaths
Government ministers of Lebanon
Saint Joseph

masks:
al Mallat
Mallat


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts: <mask> (; born December 23, 1963) is an American football coach and former quarterback, who is the current head football coach of the Michigan Wolverines. He played college football at Michigan from 1983 to 1986. He played in the National Football League (NFL) for 14 seasons from 1987 to 2000 with his longest tenure as a player with the Chicago Bears. He served as the head coach of the San Diego Toreros (2004–2006), the Stanford Cardinal (2007–2010), and the NFL's San Francisco 49ers (2011–2014). In 2015, <mask> returned to his alma mater, Michigan. <mask> was born in Toledo, Ohio. His father, <mask>, was a football coach, and the family lived in Ohio, Kentucky, Iowa, Michigan, and California.He attended high school in Ann Arbor, Michigan and Palo Alto, California, when his father was an assistant coach at Michigan and Stanford, respectively. After graduation from high school in Palo Alto in 1982, <mask> returned to Ann Arbor and enrolled at the University of Michigan and played quarterback for the Wolverines, starting for three seasons. As a fifth-year senior in 1986, he led Michigan to the 1987 Rose Bowl and was a Heisman Trophy finalist, finishing third. The Chicago Bears selected <mask> in the first round of the 1987 NFL Draft. He played 14 years as a quarterback in the NFL, with Chicago from 1987 to 1993, the Indianapolis Colts from 1994 to 1997, the Baltimore Ravens in 1998,  and the San Diego Chargers in 1999 to 2000. He first became a regular starting quarterback in 1990 with Chicago. In 1995 with Indianapolis, he led the Colts to the AFC Championship Game, was selected to the Pro Bowl and was honored as NFL Comeback Player of the Year.From

masks:
James Joseph Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Jack Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 1994 to 2001, while still playing in the NFL, <mask> was an unpaid assistant coach at Western Kentucky University, where his father Jack was head coach. In 2002, he returned to the NFL as the quarterbacks coach for the Oakland Raiders. <mask> returned to the college ranks in 2004 as the head coach at the University of San Diego. After leading San Diego to consecutive Pioneer League championships in 2005 and 2006, he moved to Stanford in 2007, where he led the Cardinal to two bowl berths in four seasons, including a win in the 2011 Orange Bowl. Immediately afterward, <mask> signed a five-year deal as head coach of the NFL's San Francisco 49ers, where he led the team to the NFC Championship game in each of his first three seasons after the franchise missed the playoffs for eight consecutive seasons beforehand. He and his older brother, Baltimore Ravens coach <mask>, became the first pair of brothers to serve as head coaches in NFL history. Their teams played in a Thanksgiving Classic game in 2011 and in Super Bowl XLVII at the end of the 2012 season.Early life
Born in Toledo, Ohio on December 23, 1963, <mask> is the son of Jacqueline M. "Jackie" (née Cipiti) and <mask>. His mother is of half-Sicilian and half-Polish ancestry and his father is of Irish and German ancestry. Both <mask> and his brother John were born in Toledo, while his father was an assistant football coach at nearby Perrysburg High School in Perrysburg. During <mask>'s childhood, the family moved frequently, as his father held assistant coaching positions at Morehead State (1967), Bowling Green (1967–1970), Iowa (1971–1973), Michigan (1973–1979), Stanford (1980–1981), and Western

masks:
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
John Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Jack Harbaugh
Jim
Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 Michigan (1982–1986). <mask> played for the junior league Ann Arbor Packers and then for Tappan Junior High before moving on to Pioneer High School. When his father became defensive coordinator at Stanford, he transferred to Palo Alto High School, graduating in 1982. College playing career

1982 and 1983 seasons
In February 1982, <mask> committed to play football for Bo Schembechler's Michigan Wolverines football team.He came to Michigan with a "high school reputation as a slick California passer." As a true freshman in 1982, <mask>, at age 18, and junior Dave Hall were backups to quarterback Steve Smith, who had broken Michigan's single season record with 2,335 yards of total offense in 1981. In the 1982 season, Smith started all 12 games, and Hall handled the limited backup role. Even as Smith struggled, coach Schembechler expressed a reluctance to play <mask>, saying, "To suddenly pull some freshman out of the bag, I don't think you can do that in today's football." <mask> did not see any game action in 1982, registered no statistics, and retained four years of eligibility under the NCAA's redshirt rule. <mask> performed well in the annual spring game in April 1983, completing 10 of 15 passes for 116 yards. After the game, coach Schembechler noted, "<mask> is a fresh talent who'll be all right, but he has a lot to learn."While <mask> was touted as the team's "pass-oriented quarterback of the future," he spent the 1983 season as Michigan's No. 3 quarterback behind Steve Smith and Dave Hall. Smith started 11 games, and Hall started one game, while <mask> completed two of five passes for 40 yards in limited action. <mask> completed his first pass

masks: Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 for Michigan on November 5, 1983, in a 42–10 victory over Purdue. 1984 season
In the spring of 1984, <mask> was in a three-way competition for Michigan's starting quarterback job. Three-year starter Steve Smith had graduated, and his backup, Dave Hall, was lost to a knee injury. The 1983 competition pitted <mask> against sophomores Chris Zurbrugg and Russ Rein.In April 1984, Schembechler said, "<mask> is coming along pretty well. He's having a pretty good spring. Zurbrugg has emerged as a good prospect. There's kind of a battle in there." In the 1984 spring game, <mask> impressed observers as he completed 17 of 26 passes for 161 yards and an interception. Schembechler said after the game, "We've been happy with <mask> all spring. He's shown a lot of maturity."After spring practice, Schembechler announced his depth chart with <mask> as his No. 1 quarterback. In his first collegiate start, <mask> led the Wolverines to a 22–14 upset victory over a Miami Hurricanes team that was led by Bernie Kosar, had won the 1983 national championship, and was ranked No. 1 in both the AP and UPI polls. <mask> completed 11 of 21 passes for 162 yards and two interceptions. The Detroit Free Press praised <mask> for "pinpoint passing" that "kept Miami's defense on the run." In his second start, the Wolverines (ranked No.3) lost to a Washington team that finished the season ranked No. 2 in both the AP and UPI polls. <mask> threw a career-high 37 passes in the game, completing 17 passes for 183 yards, three interceptions, and his first collegiate touchdown pass to Vince Bean. After the loss to Washington, <mask> led Michigan to victories over Wisconsin (20–14) and

masks: Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Jim Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 Indiana (14–6). <mask> completed 25 of 39 passes for 272 yards in those games. On October 6, 1984, a 19–7 loss to Michigan State in the fifth game of the season, <mask> sustained a badly broken left arm in the third quarter when he dove for a loose ball and collided with Spartan linebacker Thomas Tyree. <mask> had to be carried from the field on a stretcher and missed the remainder of the season.<mask> completed 60 of 111 passes for 718 yards, three touchdowns and five interceptions during his shortened 1984 season. 1985 season
By April 1985, <mask>'s arm had healed, and he completed 10 of 16 passes for 146 yards in the annual spring game. <mask> was the starting quarterback in all 12 games for the 1985 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled a 10–1–1 record, outscored opponents 342–98, defeated Nebraska in the 1986 Fiesta Bowl, and finished the season ranked No. 2 in the final AP and UPI polls. On October 26, 1985, <mask> set a school record with 283 passing yards in a 42–15 victory over Indiana. After the game, <mask> was asked for his reaction to setting the school's passing record and responded, "Records are nice, but everything we do here is team oriented. Everyone's telling me about the record, but they should tell it to Paul Jokisch and Eric Kattus and John Kolesar.They caught the passes." On November 16, 1985, in a 48–7 victory over Minnesota, <mask> completed 13 of 18 passes for 243 yards and three touchdowns. After the game, <mask> praised the offensive line, noting, "I've never had more time to throw in my life—junior high, high school." <mask>'s 13 completions against Minnesota gave him 123 for the season, breaking the school

masks: Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 record of 118 set by Steve Smith in 1982. On November 23, 1985, <mask> led Michigan to a 27–17 victory over Ohio State. In the fourth quarter, <mask> completed a 77-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver John Kolesar, giving Michigan a 10-point lead with nine minutes remaining. Coach Schembechler said after the game that the 77-yard touchdown was "a play that took the starch right out of their sails."Columnist Mitch Albom wrote after the game that <mask>'s pass to Kolesar was an image that would last: "The image that repeats will be that of <mask> dropping back in the fourth quarter and uncorking a soaring spiral that rose high and long as flanker John Kolesar ran underneath it, his steps seemingly in sync with the revolutions of the ball, so [that] when it fell, it fell right into his arms, almost gently." <mask> completed 16 of 19 passes for 230 yards and three touchdowns. In the final three games of the 1985 regular season, <mask> completed 41 of 50 passes for 706 yards, nine touchdowns, and no interceptions. For the season as a whole, he completed 145 of 227 passes for 1,976 yards, 18 touchdowns and six interceptions. He also led the nation with a 163.7 passing efficiency rating in 1985. 1986 season
In 1986, his final season at Michigan, <mask> started all 13 games at quarterback for the 1986 Michigan Wolverines football team that compiled an 11–2 record, lost to Arizona State in the 1987 Rose Bowl, and finished the season ranked No. 8 in the final AP Poll and No.7 in the final UPI Poll. In the first game of the season, <mask> led Michigan to a 24–23 victory over Notre Dame. <mask> completed 15 of 23 passes for 239 yards and a touchdown. In the

masks:
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Jim Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh
Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 fourth game of the season, he broke his own Michigan school record with 310 passing yards in Schembechler's 200th career victory, a 34–17 victory over Wisconsin. <mask> caused controversy when he guaranteed a victory over Ohio State in 1986. <mask>'s guarantee proved valid as the Wolverines defeated the Buckeyes, 26–24. <mask> completed 19 of 29 passes with two interceptions.For the season, <mask> completed 180 of 277 passes for 2,729 yards, 10 touchdowns, and 11 interceptions. His 2,729 passing yards set a Michigan season record that stood until 2002. He also finished second in the country in passing efficiency behind Heisman Trophy winner Vinny Testaverde. <mask> won numerous honors in 1986 including the following:
 He won the Chicago Tribune Silver Football trophy as the most valuable player in the Big Ten Conference. He finished third in the Heisman Trophy voting with 458 points and 25 first-place ballots, trailing Testaverde (2,213 points, 678 first-place ballots) and Temple running back Paul Palmer (672 points, 28 first-place ballots). He was selected by the Associated Press (AP) and United Press International (UPI) as the first-team quarterback on the 1986 All-Big Ten Conference football team. He was selected by the AP and UPI as the second-team quarterback behind Testaverde on the 1986 College Football All-America Team.He was named to the Big Ten's All-Academic team. <mask> finished his college career as Michigan's all-time record holder for passing yards with 5,449 yards. He also tallied 620 passing attempts (second in Michigan history at the time), 387 completions, a 62.4% completion percentage, 31 touchdown passes (third in Michigan

masks: Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 history at the time), and 22 interceptions. He held the career NCAA Division I-A passing efficiency record (149.6) for 12 years. <mask> earned a B.A. in communications from Michigan's College of Literature, Science, and the Arts in 1986. NFL playing career

Chicago Bears (1987–1993)

1987 season
The Chicago Bears selected <mask> in the first round (26th overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft.During the 1987 season, playing under head coach Mike Ditka, <mask> completed only one of 15 passes in an August 27 exhibition game against the St. Louis Cardinals. During the regular season, he played in a reserve capacity in six games. On November 22, in a 30–10 win over the Detroit Lions, <mask> took only one snap and was sacked for 15 yards. On December 14, in a 41–0 loss to the San Francisco 49ers, <mask> threw his first NFL passes, completing 8 of 11 (72.7%) for 62 yards, was sacked 3 times for 30 yards, and rushed 15 yards on three carries. 1988 season
<mask> played 10 games in 1988 and completed 47 of 97 passes (48.5%) for 514 yards and 2 interceptions. He also rushed 110 yards on 19 carries. <mask> started his first game on Week 14 (December 5), a 23–3 loss to the Los Angeles Rams in which he completed 11 of 30 passes for 108 yards and 2 interceptions, rushed 32 yards on 6 carries, and was sacked twice for 9 yards.The following game on December 12, <mask> earned his first win as an NFL starter with a 13–12 victory over the Detroit Lions. <mask> completed 18 of 26 passes for 174 yards and rushed 36 yards in 7 carries. <mask>'s 1988 season completion percentage as a QB in the NFL was the lowest during his 15-year career at 48.5%. 1989 season
<mask> saw more


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 playing time in 1989 after <mask> left the team and started five games for Chicago while Mike Tomczak started 11 in a 6–10 season for Chicago. 1989 was his first season with over 1,000 passing yards, completing 111 of 178 passes in 12 games for 1,204 yards for 5 touchdowns and 9 interceptions and was sacked 18 times for 106 yards. His 62.4% completion rate earned him the team record for single-season completion percentage. 1990 season
In 1990, <mask> played and started in the first 14 games of the season.Chicago improved to 11–5 and won the NFC Central division, and <mask> passed for 2,178 yards with 180 of 312 (57.7%) passes completed for 10 touchdowns and 6 interceptions. He was sacked 31 times for 206 yards and rushed 321 yards in 51 carries. Due to a shoulder injury, Harbaugh sat out the last two games of the year as well as the playoffs. 1991 season
<mask> passed for a career-high 3,121 yards with Chicago in 1991 and became the first Chicago quarterback since Vince Evans to start all 16 regular season games. He completed 275 of 478 (57.5%) passes for 15 touchdowns and 16 interceptions, was sacked 24 times (including a franchise-record 9 times on Oct 25 against Minnesota) for a loss of 163 yards, and rushed 338 yards on 70 carries. Chicago finished the season 11–5 like the year before, but in second place in the NFC Central. On December 29, 1991, he made his postseason debut in the NFC Wild Card game, a 17–13 loss to the Dallas Cowboys.The Dallas defense overwhelmed him throughout the game, sacking him three times; and in the final drive of the game that started from Chicago's 4-yard line with 1:50 left, he threw an interception to Bill Bates

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 on the fourth play from scrimmage. , however, his franchise records for completions (22), attempts (44) and yards per game in the 1991 postseason (218) still stood. 1992 season
Chicago regressed to a 5–11 record in 1992, and the team fired coach Ditka afterwards. Harbaugh played all 16 games but started only 13 and had a 5–8 record as starter. He completed 202 of 358 (56.4%) passes for 2,486 yards, 13 touchdowns, and 12 interceptions, was sacked 31 times for 167 yards, and rushed 272 yards over 47 carries, including one rushing touchdown. 1993 season
In 1993, Chicago went 7–9. <mask> played in and started 15 games and completed 200 of 325 (61.5%) passes for 2,002 yards, 7 touchdowns, and 11 interceptions.He was sacked 43 times for 210 yards and rushed 277 yards over 60 carries. <mask> ended his tenure with Chicago with a 35–30 () record. Indianapolis Colts (1994–1997)

1994 season
On April 7, 1994, <mask> signed with the Indianapolis Colts. He played and started in just nine games in the 1994 Colts season, completing 125 of 202 (61.9%) passes for 1,440 yards, 9 touchdowns, and 6 interceptions. <mask> took 17 sacks for 72 yards and rushed 223 yards over 39 carries. For the first eight games, <mask> was starter, and coach Ted Marchibroda re-instated <mask> as starter for Week 15 (December 18) after Indianapolis struggled on offense under quarterback Don Majkowski. 1995 season
In 1995, <mask> achieved career highs in completion percentage (63.7%), passer rating (100.7), and touchdown passes (17) and led Indianapolis to the AFC Championship Game.<mask> played 15 games in the regular season and started 12, with a 7–5 record as starter for a 9–7 team.

masks: Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh Harbaugh


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts: <mask> completed 200 of 314 passes for 2,575 yards and just 5 interceptions with his 17 touchdowns and was sacked 36 times for 219 yards. In 52 carries, <mask> rushed for 235 yards and two touchdowns. But he strained his right knee after being sacked six times and left the Week 14 (December 3) game against the Carolina Panthers in the third quarter. Indianapolis lost to defending AFC champion the San Diego Chargers in Week 16 (December 17) 27–24, with John Carney kicking the winning field goal with 3 seconds left after <mask>'s drive with three straight passes had led to Cary Blanchard's field goal that tied the game at 24 with 48 seconds left. In the regular season finale on December 23, <mask>'s 32nd birthday, Indianapolis clinched a playoff berth with a 10–7 win over the New England Patriots. Completing 20 of 30 passes, he threw for 225 yards and a touchdown.On December 31, 1995, in the AFC wild card game against San Diego, <mask> scored on a 3-yard quarterback sneak in the fourth quarter after a 32-yard interception return by Jason Belser and Indianapolis won 35–20. Indianapolis won the divisional round game on January 7, 1996 over the Kansas City Chiefs 10–7, despite only 112 passing yards (with 12 of 27 passes completed, 1 touchdown and 1 interception) from <mask>. In the AFC Championship Game on January 14, <mask> completed 21 of 33 passes for 267 yards and a touchdown and rushed 29 yards on 6 carries. But Aaron Bailey dropped <mask>'s last-second Hail Mary pass in the endzone, and the Pittsburgh Steelers won 20–16 and went on to Super Bowl XXX, which they lost to the Dallas Cowboys. For the season, he was voted to the Pro Bowl, was named


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 Comeback Player of the Year and AFC Player of the Year. 1996 season
With new coach Lindy Infante, Indianapolis again finished 9–7 and made the playoffs in 1996 with <mask> as signal caller. <mask> played and started in 14 games with a 7–7 record; he completed 232 of 405 (57.3%) passes for 2,630 yards, 13 touchdowns, and 11 interceptions, with 36 sacks for 190 yards lost and 192 rushing yards on 48 carries and a touchdown.Defending AFC Champion Pittsburgh Steelers defeated Indianapolis in the Wild Card round 42–14 as <mask> completed only 37.5% of his passes (12 of 32) for 134 yards, 1 touchdown, and 1 interception. 1997 season
Indianapolis fell to 3–13 in 1997. Despite passing for 2,060 yards, 10 touchdowns, and 4 interceptions in 12 games and 189-for-309 (61.2%) passing, <mask> had a 2–9 record as starter. <mask> was sacked 41 times for a career-high 256 yards lost. Baltimore Ravens (1998)
On February 14, 1998, the Indianapolis Colts traded <mask> to the Baltimore Ravens for third-round and fourth-round draft picks in the 1998 NFL Draft. With that trade, <mask> reunited with his former Colts coach Ted Marchibroda. During the 1998 season with Baltimore, <mask> played in 14 games and started 12, with a 5–7 record as starter in a 6–10 season for the Ravens.<mask> completed 164 of 293 (56.0%) passes for 1,839 yards, just his third season with fewer than 2,000 passing yards since 1989. He had 12 touchdowns and 11 interceptions in passing, was sacked 23 times for 145 yards, and rushed 172 yards on 40 carries. The Ravens opened a new stadium for 1998, Ravens Stadium at Camden Yards (renamed M&T Bank Stadium in 2003). Starting the game in Week 1

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texts: (September 6) and completing 4 of 7 passes for 33 yards, <mask> left during the second quarter after injuring a finger, and with backup Eric Zeier in for <mask>, Baltimore lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers 20–13. Baltimore won its next game 24–10 over the New York Jets on September 13; Harbaugh started and made 5 of 10 passes for 36 yards but again left early and was replaced by Zeier due to injury. Coach Marchibroda again split quarterbacking duties in the following game on September 20, a 24–10 loss to the Jacksonville Jaguars, with <mask> starting and Zeier taking over during the second quarter. With 4 of 9 passes completed for 59 yards, <mask> led a drive for a Matt Stover first quarter field goal.<mask> then sat out two games and played as Zeier's backup for Weeks 7 (October 18) and 8 (October 25). Those two games had poor performances: <mask> completed none of six passes and had one 3-yard rush in the Week 6 loss to Pittsburgh. Despite only 9 of 20 passes completed and two interceptions in the Week 7 28–10 loss to the Green Bay Packers, <mask> made his first passing touchdown as a Raven, a 46-yard pass to Jermaine Lewis in the fourth quarter. In the next game on Week 8 (November 1), <mask> improved in his first full game, with 27 of 34 passes completed over 243 yards for 3 touchdowns and 1 interception and 57 rushing yards in 10 carries. In Week 9 (November 8), with Baltimore winning 13–10 over the Oakland Raiders, <mask> got his first win in a full game started despite passing for only 102 yards, no touchdowns, and an interception. In the final two drives of the game, <mask> made crucial first-down conversion passes of a 28-yard pass to


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 Jermaine Lewis and 10- and 11-yard passes to Michael Jackson. In Week 12 (November 29), a 38-31 win over the Indianapolis Colts, <mask> had his first interception-free full game, with 16-for-25 passing over 198 yards for 2 touchdowns.It was the Colts first trip back to Baltimore after the team left it for Indianapolis. In an emotional moment, <mask> presented Johnny Unitas with the game ball. Referee Ed Hochuli called a controversial unnecessary roughness penalty against Joe Bowden in Baltimore's 16–14 loss to the Tennessee Oilers for his hit on <mask> on a 2nd-and-24 play with Tennessee leading 14–13 after his 9-yard scramble towards the sideline, ruling that <mask> was in bounds when hit. On 3rd-and-15 in the next series, however, <mask> was sacked and Baltimore was forced to punt, so the penalty didn't hurt the Oilers. Harbaugh completed 15 of 28 passes for 214 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 1 interception and rushed 22 yards over 5 carries. After a three-game losing streak, <mask> won the final game of the season (and his final game with Baltimore) on December 27, 19–10 over the Detroit Lions with 17 of 26 passes completed for 141 yards and a touchdown. San Diego Chargers (1999–2000)

1999 season
<mask> played two years with the San Diego Chargers.In the 1999 season, <mask> started 12 games out of 14 played and had a 6–6 record as starter in an 8–8 season. <mask> completed 249 of 434 (57.4%) passes for 2,761 yards, 10 touchdowns, and 14 interceptions. He was sacked 37 times for a total loss of 208 yards and rushed for 126 yards over 34 carries. In his debut with San Diego in the September 19 season opener (Week 2), <mask> threw two touchdowns in


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts: 15-for-27 passing over 159 yards in a 34–7 win over the Cincinnati Bengals. However, San Diego lost the next game to <mask>'s former team Indianapolis Colts 27–19, as <mask> completed 15 of 37 passes for 188 yards. With very few seconds left and on the Colts' 24, <mask> threw an interception to Tyrone Poole. <mask> started the Week 4 (October 3) game against the Kansas City Chiefs completing 6 of 9 passes for 38 yards and an interception before leaving due to a bruised right elbow;  he missed the Week 5 (October 10) and Week 6 (October 17) games because of that injury and two broken ribs.<mask> returned in Week 7 (October 24) in a 31–3 loss to the Green Bay Packers as backup to starter Erik Kramer; both quarterbacks threw 3 interceptions each. <mask> next started a game on Week 9 (November 7) and completed 25 of 39 passes for 235 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 2 interceptions and rushed 14 yards in 2 carries in a 33–17 loss to defending champion Denver Broncos. The Chargers lost its sixth game in a row after a 4–1 start in Week 12 (November 28) to the Minnesota Vikings 35–27. Robert Griffith intercepted a <mask> pass at the Vikings' 1-yard line with 4:29 left, and Minnesota ran out the clock to seal the win. A 12–9 loss to the Miami Dolphins on December 19 (Week 15) disqualified the Chargers from the postseason. Miami's defense sacked <mask> five times, and Rich Owens strip-sacked <mask> at San Diego's 20-yard line. <mask> finished the game with 20 of 40 passes completed for 178 yards.With 17 seconds left, Chris Penn caught <mask>'s attempt at a game-winning touchdown pass albeit slightly outside the back of the end zone. John Carney missed a game-tying


title: Jim Harbaugh

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 36-yard field goal. After failing to make a passing touchdown for three games, <mask> made two passing touchdowns and just one interception on 23-for-36 passing over 325 yards in San Diego's 23–20 win over the Oakland Raiders on the home finale on December 26 (Week 16). 2000 season
Following an 8–8 season in 1999, San Diego finished 1–15 in 2000 with a rotation of Ryan Leaf, <mask>, and Moses Moreno as starters. Playing in seven games and starting five, <mask> completed 123 of 202 (60.9%) passes for 1,416 yards, 8 touchdowns, and 10 interceptions, was sacked 14 times for 96 yards, and rushed 24 yards on 16 carries. <mask> played his first game in Week 4 (September 24), a 20–12 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. On 8-for-14 passing, <mask> passed for 67 yards and an interception.He became starter in Week 5 (October 1). In the 57–31 loss to defending champion St. Louis Rams, <mask> was 27-for-40 for 348 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 1 interception and was sacked 3 times for 15 yards. Starting the Week 6 (October 8) game, a 21–7 loss the Denver Broncos, <mask> was 18-for-43 for 237 yards, 1 touchdown, and 3 interceptions. Two of <mask>'s interceptions led to short Denver touchdowns, and <mask> threw his third interception on fourth-and-goal at Denver's 5-yard line. In Week 7 (October 15), an overtime 27–24 loss to the Buffalo Bills, <mask>'s second interception of the game, by Henry Jones, was in overtime and paved way for Steve Christie's game-winning field goal. Following the game, coach Mike Riley said he regretted rotating between <mask> and Moses Moreno in the first half, as Moreno lost two fumbles, one of which Buffalo returned for a touchdown. San Diego


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts:
 had an ESPN Sunday Night Football game in Week 9 (October 29) following a bye week, lost to the Oakland Raiders 15–13, and fell to 0–8.San Diego took a 13–12 lead with 5:47 left after <mask> made a 21-yard touchdown pass to Freddie Jones, but failed the two-point conversion attempt paving the way for the Raiders' Sebastian Janikowski to kick the winning field goal with 13 seconds left. In the final play of the game, following a 47-yard kickoff return by Ronney Jenkins, Marquez Pope intercepted <mask>'s attempt at a 50-yard Hail Mary pass that was intended for Trevor Gaylor in the end zone. In that game, <mask> completed 25 of 35 passes for 222 yards, 2 touchdowns, and 1 interception and was sacked 3 times for 27 yards. The following game on November 5 (Week 10), San Diego lost its ninth straight in a 15–13 loss to the Seattle Seahawks. In the second quarter, <mask> lost two fumbles, both of which preceded 10-yard Seattle passing touchdowns. Having completed 22 of 32 passes for 236 yards, 1 touchdown, and 1 interception, he left the game after the third quarter due to groin and abdomen injuries. <mask> played what would be his final career game in Week 11 (November 12), a 17–7 loss to the Miami Dolphins.In the final drive of the game he filled in poorly for an injured Ryan Leaf, completing only 2 of 5 passes for 19 yards and throwing an interception. By that time, coach Riley had relegated <mask> to emergency duty due to injuries including a mild hernia. Riley had planned to start <mask> for the next game on Week 12 (November 19), but decided to start Leaf instead. Detroit Lions and Carolina Panthers (2001)
<mask> signed with the Detroit Lions


title: Jim Harbaugh

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 prior to the 2001 season, where he was expected to back up incumbent starter Charlie Batch. However, on the eve of the regular season, the Lions cut him and traded for Ty Detmer. He then closed out his NFL career with the Carolina Panthers in 2001, where he dressed for 6 games but didn't play. The 2001 Panthers, like the Chargers the year before, finished with a 1–15 record.Legacy
For his NFL career, <mask> played in 177 league games with 140 starts. He completed 2,305 of 3,918 passes for 26,288 yards with 129 touchdowns. Particularly during his time with Indianapolis, such as when he led the Colts to come-from-behind wins over the Chiefs and Chargers in the 1995–96 NFL playoffs and a near upset over the No. 2 AFC seed Steelers, he earned the nickname "Captain Comeback" (the second player to be so nicknamed after Roger Staubach) for his ability to win games in the fourth quarter when his team was significantly behind. <mask> is second in the Bears' record book for completions with 1,023, while Jay Cutler holds the record with 1,034. <mask> also ranks second with 1,759 attempts and third in yards with 11,567. In January 2005, he was inducted into the Indianapolis Colts Ring of Honor as one of the most successful and popular players in the club's Indianapolis era.NFL career statistics

Coaching career

Western Kentucky assistant (1994–2001)

During his final eight seasons in the NFL (1994–2001), <mask> was an NCAA-certified unpaid assistant coach under his father <mask> at Western Kentucky University (WKU). Serving as an offensive consultant, he scouted and recruited high school student-athletes throughout several states including Florida, Indiana

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 and Illinois. He was involved in recruiting 17 players on WKU's 2002 Division I-AA national champion team. His father was a football coach for 18 years, including 14 years as head coach at WKU. Oakland Raiders assistant (2002–2003)
<mask> was quarterback coach for the Oakland Raiders in 2002 and 2003 under Bill Callahan. During his tenure with the Raiders, <mask> coached starting quarterback Rich Gannon, who led the Raiders' run to Super Bowl XXXVII, won the 2002 AP NFL MVP award, and was selected to the 2003 Pro Bowl after the 2002 season. Other Raiders quarterbacks coached by <mask> include Rick Mirer, Tee Martin, Marques Tuiasosopo, and Rob Johnson.University of San Diego (2004–2006)
Prior to the 2004 season, <mask> was named head football coach at the University of San Diego. In his first year, he directed the Toreros to an overall mark of 7–4, including 5 straight wins to end the season. The following year, the team improved to 11–1 and won the 2005 Pioneer Football League championship. In 2006, USD again went 11–1, winning their second consecutive Pioneer League title in the process. Stanford University (2007–2010)
<mask> was named the head football coach at Stanford University in December 2006, replacing Walt Harris. <mask>'s father, Jack, was Stanford's defensive coordinator from 1980 to 1981, while <mask> attended Palo Alto High School, located directly across the street from Stanford Stadium. <mask> stirred some intra-conference controversy in March 2007, when he was quoted as saying rival USC head coach "Pete Carroll's only got one more year, though.He'll be there one more year. That's what I've heard. I heard it inside the staff." Upon


title: Jim Harbaugh

texts: further questions, <mask> claimed he had heard it from staff at USC. The comment caused a rebuke from Carroll. (In fact, Carroll would be at USC for three more years.) At the Pacific-10 Conference media day on July 26, 2007, <mask> praised the Trojans, stating "There is no question in my mind that USC is the best team in the country and may be the best team in the history of college football."The declaration, especially in light of his earlier comment, garnered more media attention. Later in the season, Stanford defeated #1 USC 24–23 with a touchdown in the final minute. With USC being the favorite by 41 points, it was statistically the greatest upset in college football history. Although Stanford lost to USC in 2008, <mask> and the Stanford Cardinal upset USC at home again with a score of 55–21 on November 14, 2009. Stanford's 55 points was the most ever scored on USC in the Trojans' history until Oregon scored 62 in a 62–51 win over USC on November 3, 2012. It was Pete Carroll's first November loss as USC head coach. After an infamous "What's your deal?"verbal exchange with Carroll following that game, <mask> and Carroll would go on to speak favorably about each other as NFL coaches. <mask> never lost in USC's home stadium, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In January 2009, <mask> was confirmed to have been interviewed by the New York Jets for the head coach position, although the job was eventually offered to Rex Ryan. In 2009, the Cardinal had a comeback season, finishing the regular season at 8–4, finishing #21 in the polls, and receiving an invitation to play in the 2009 Sun Bowl, the Cardinal's first bowl appearance since 2001. Running


title: Jim Harbaugh

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 back Toby Gerhart was named a Heisman Trophy finalist, finishing second to Mark Ingram in the closest margin of voting in Heisman history. On December 13, 2009, <mask> was rewarded with a three-year contract extension through the 2014 season. The 2010 season brought more success for <mask> and the Cardinal.The team went 11–1 in the regular season, with their only loss coming from Oregon, a team that was undefeated and earned a berth in the BCS National Championship Game. The first 11 win season in program history earned the Cardinal a #4 BCS ranking and a BCS bowl invitation to the Orange Bowl. Stanford defeated Virginia Tech 40–12 for the Cardinal's first bowl win since 1996 and the first BCS bowl victory in program history. Second year starting quarterback Andrew Luck was the runner-up to for the Heisman Trophy, the second year in a row that the runner-up was from Stanford. <mask> was named the winner of the Woody Hayes Coach of the Year Award. San Francisco 49ers (2011–2014)

2011 season

On January 7, 2011, four days after winning the Orange Bowl, <mask> agreed to a five-year, $25 million contract to become the head coach for the San Francisco 49ers. He succeeded <mask>, who was interim head coach for only the last game of the preceding season after succeeding the fired Mike Singletary.Prior to <mask>'s arrival, the 49ers had not had a winning season nor a playoff appearance since 2002. Though the 49ers were expected to struggle in what was anticipated to be a rebuilding season, with a new scheme and many new players as well as shortened summer practices due to the lockout, <mask> led the team to a 13–3 record in the regular season, winning

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title: Jim Harbaugh

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 the NFC West division while finishing second overall in the NFC and bringing the team to the NFC Championship Game. This was the first time the 49ers had made the playoffs since 2002, generating widespread praise. On November 24, <mask> played his brother John and the Baltimore Ravens, losing the Thanksgiving showdown 16–6. John and <mask> are the first pair of brothers to serve as NFL head coaches in the same season. <mask>'s work in San Francisco had resulted in an extremely successful season, revitalizing the career of quarterback Alex Smith and with defensive coordinator Vic Fangio creating one of the leading defensive squads of the 2011 season. The 49ers' season ended with a 20–17 loss in overtime to the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants in the NFC Championship Game.At the conclusion of the season, <mask> was named the AP NFL Coach of the Year. 2012 season

In the 2012 season, <mask> resolved a quarterback controversy by replacing incumbent starter Alex Smith with backup Colin Kaepernick. Smith was ranked third in the NFL in passer rating (104.1), led the league in completion percentage (70%), and had been 19–5–1 as a starter under <mask>, while Kaepernick was considered more dynamic with his scrambling ability and arm strength. Smith began 2012 with a 6–2 record as a starter before suffering a concussion in the following game. He missed the following game, and Kaepernick was 16 for 23 for 243 yards with two touchdowns in a 32–7 win over the Chicago Bears. <mask> was impressed with Kaepernick, and said "we have two quarterbacks that have a hot hand" while dismissing any rule that a player should not lose their starting job due to

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 an injury. Smith was medically cleared to play the day before the next game, but <mask> chose not to rush him back and again started Kaepernick, who threw and ran for a touchdown in a 31–21 win over the New Orleans Saints.The following week, <mask> announced that Kaepernick would start for the 8–2–1 49ers, while also stating that the assignment was week-to-week and not necessarily permanent. However, Kaepernick remained the starter for the remainder of the season as the 49ers again qualified for the playoffs. <mask> led the team to an 11–4–1 record in the regular season, winning back to back NFC West titles. <mask>'s quarterback decision was on display in the first game of the playoffs. The 49ers won 45–31 over the Green Bay Packers, as Kaepernick had 444 yards of total offense (263 passing, 181 rushing) and four touchdowns. Kaepernick set the record for rushing yards by a quarterback in any NFL game with his 181-yard outburst against Green Bay. On January 20 in the NFC Championship Game, <mask> led the 49ers to a 28–24 win over the Atlanta Falcons, which sent the 49ers to Super Bowl XLVII, and on February 3, <mask> faced his older brother, John and the Baltimore Ravens in the Super Bowl.It was the first time that the opposing teams' head coaches in the Super Bowl were brothers; the Ravens won the game with a score of 34–31 despite a third quarter comeback by the 49ers. 2013 season

In the 2013 season, <mask> led the 49ers to a 12–4 regular-season record and a third consecutive appearance in both the playoffs and NFC Championship Game, where they lost to the Seattle Seahawks 23–17, who went on to win Super Bowl XLVIII. In doing so, <mask> became


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 the first NFL head coach to reach a conference championship game in each of his first three seasons. 2014 season

The 49ers had an 8–8 season in 2014, failing to reach the playoffs for the first time under the Harbaugh era. On October 5, it was rumored that Harbaugh would not return in 2015 regardless of that season's outcome, though owner Jed York denied the claims at the time. It has been suggested that <mask>, despite his success on the field, was involved in a power struggle with 49ers general manager Trent Baalke starting from the 2013 season onward. On December 28, 2014, the 49ers announced that they had mutually agreed to part ways with <mask> as their head coach.York claims <mask> and the 49ers agreed to mutually part ways immediately after a win over the Arizona Cardinals in the final week of the regular season. <mask>, however, later said: "I didn't leave the 49ers. I felt like the 49er hierarchy left me." He further added that the 49ers informed him that he would no longer be the 49ers coach after suffering a loss on December 14, but that he decided to remain as the team's head coach for the final two games of the season because "I wanted to finish what I started—what we started." <mask> left the 49ers as one of their most successful head coaches in just four years, as well as becoming the first successful NFL head coach to depart for a college team. New head coach <mask> was fired after just one season in which the 49ers finished 5–11. Until the 2019 season, in which the 49ers went 13–3 and advanced to Super Bowl LIV, the 49ers had losing seasons every year following <mask>'s departure.University of Michigan (2015–present)

Hiring

On

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title: Jim Harbaugh

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 December 30, 2014, <mask> was introduced by the University of Michigan as the school's new head football coach. His return to Michigan was the subject of a book, Endzone: The Rise, Fall, and Return of Michigan Football, by John U. Bacon. 2015 season

On September 3, 2015, <mask> lost his first game as head coach of Michigan, a 24–17 road loss against Utah. On September 12, Michigan won, 35–7, against Oregon State, giving <mask> his first win as Michigan's head coach. On September 26, <mask> led Michigan to a 31–0 victory over No. 22-ranked Brigham Young University, leading Michigan to move into #22 in the A.P. Top 25.This was Michigan's first appearance in the AP Top 25 since 2013. On October 3, <mask> led the Wolverines to a 28–0 shutout win against the Maryland Terrapins, posting back to back shutouts for the first time since 2000. The following week, Michigan beat #13 Northwestern 38–0, making the Wolverines the first team with a pair of 30-point shutouts against ranked opponents since Notre Dame's 1966 championship team. He finished his first season as the Wolverines' head coach with a 10–3 record, with losses against Utah, Michigan State, and against Ohio State, with a redeeming victory in the Citrus Bowl over No. 19 Florida, 41–7. After being tied, 7–7, in the first quarter, Michigan scored 34 unanswered points as they held Florida to just 28 yards in the second half. 2016 season

After defeating Hawaii in the opening game of the 2016 season, Michigan was ranked No.5 in the AP poll. It was the first time Michigan had been ranked in the top five since the start of the 2007 season. Michigan would then cruise through its non-conference slate

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title: Jim Harbaugh

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 before defeating #8 Wisconsin. This was Michigan's first win over a top ten ranked team since 2008. In week six, the Wolverines soundly defeated Rutgers 78–0, the third-largest margin of victory in program history and the largest margin since 1920. Three weeks later, Michigan defeated Michigan State on the road, its first victory in East Lansing since 2007. They then suffered their first loss of the season to Iowa, before beating Indiana for their 10th victory; <mask> is one of only two coaches in program history to win 10 games in each of his first two seasons as head coach, joining Fielding H. Yost (1901–02).The regular season finished with a highly anticipated matchup against #2 Ohio State, with a likely College Football Playoff bid on the line. In a game that went to two overtime periods, Ohio State finally defeated the Wolverines 30–27; Harbaugh said afterward he was "bitterly disappointed with the officiating", especially for a controversial 4th-and-1 call, and was reprimanded by the Big Ten with a $10,000 fine. Michigan finished the season in the Orange Bowl, where it lost 33–32 to #10 Florida State, after losing Heisman-finalist Jabrill Peppers before the game and losing two-time All-American Jake Butt early in the game. Michigan finished the season 10–3 and another third-place finish in their division. 2017 season

Michigan finished the season in the Outback Bowl, losing 19–26 to South Carolina, becoming the only team in the Big Ten Conference to lose its bowl game in the 2017-2018 bowl season and giving them an 8–5 record on the year. 2018 season

Michigan began the 2018 season ranked 14 in the AP poll. They lost their first game of the


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 season against No.12 Notre Dame 17–24, but rebounded the next two weeks with a 49–3 win over Western Michigan University and a 45–20 win over SMU. Three weeks later, the 5–1 Wolverines faced the No. 15 Wisconsin Badgers in a Saturday night showdown. Michigan won the game 38–13, moving to No. 6 in the AP Poll. The next week, the Wolverines beat rival Michigan State 21–7, moving to 5th in the AP Poll. After a bye week, the Wolverines trampled Penn State 42–7, moving to 4th in both the AP poll and the College Football Playoff Rankings.They would stay at that ranking after a 31–20 win over Indiana that earned the Wolverines a share of the East Division title. Michigan lost at #10 Ohio State 62–39, denying Michigan a chance to play in the Big Ten Championship Game. Ohio State's 62 points set a record for points against Michigan in regulation. <mask> became the first Michigan coach to lose his first four starts against the Buckeyes. The Wolverines then lost to the Florida Gators 41–15 in the Peach Bowl, finishing with another 10–3 season. 2019 season

During <mask>'s fifth season, the Wolverines lost to Wisconsin 35–14 and to Penn State 28–21, both on the road. Michigan won decisively against rivals Notre Dame 45–14 and Michigan State 44–10, but concluded the regular season with a loss to then #1-ranked Ohio State by a score of 56–27 to end the regular season.When asked about the gap between the two schools, his reply was testy: "I'll answer your questions, not your insults." The Wolverines finished the season in the Citrus Bowl, where they lost to Alabama, 35-16. Michigan finished the season 9-4 overall. 2020 season

On November 14, Michigan hosted

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