title: Jack Anderson (dance critic)

texts:
 1970–71, while living in London with his partner, George Dorris, he served as the deputy dance critic to Oleg Kerensky (1930–1993) for the Daily Mail and occasionally appeared on the BBC radio show Kaleidoscope, talking about dance, and in 1972 he became the New York correspondent for The Dancing Times of London.In acknowledgment of his expertise, he was asked to serve on the dance panel of the National Endowment for the Arts from 1975 to 1978. Dance history
Largely self-taught as a dance historian, at a time when there were no established programs in dance history, <mask> began writing and teaching dance history during the 1970s. In 1977 he and George Dorris became the founding co-editors of the scholarly journal Dance Chronicle: Studies in Dance and the Related Arts. Together, they made it one of the leading periodicals of dance history, with high standards of scholarship. After many successful years, they passed it on to younger editors in 2007. Widely recognized as an effective teacher and an entertaining lecturer, <mask>ett Distinguished Visiting Artist Chair at the University of Oklahoma and was invited to give the commencement address at the college division of the New World School of the Arts in Miami.From the 1970s through the 1990s, <mask> undertook various research projects in dance history and eventually produced seven books on various subjects:

 Dance. New York: Newsweek Books, 1974. The Nutcracker. London: Bison Books, 1979. The One and Only: The Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1981. Ballet & Modern Dance: A Concise History (1983).2d ed. Pennington, N.J.: Princeton Book Company, 1995. Third edition, 2018. The American Dance Festival. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1987. Choreography Observed. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1987.Art without Boundaries: The World of Modern

masks: Anderson Andersonrack Anderson


title: Jack Anderson (dance critic)

type: original

texts:
 Dance. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1997. His comprehensive and detailed account of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, which flourished in the United States from 1938 until the early 1960s, won the 1981 José de la Torre Bueno Prize for the best English-language writing in dance history, and his concise history of ballet and modern dance, published in 1986, was so popular with general readers and as a textbook for students that a second edition was issued in 1992. Poetry
Throughout his adult life, <mask> has been drawn to poetic expression. In 1969 he published the first two of his ten books of poetry. His poems have also appeared in many literary magazines and anthologies, and one of his prose poems provided the title for the anthology The Party Train (Minneapolis: New Rivers Press, 1995). He has been a visiting writer at the College of DuPage in Illinois, a poet-in-residence at the University of Kansas, and reader of his poems at various colleges and cultural centers in the United States, Canada, England, and Australia.<mask>'s published collections of poems are as follows:
 The Hurricane Lamp. Trumansburg, N.Y.: New/Books, 1969. The Invention of New Jersey. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1969. City Joys. New York: Release Press, 1975. Selected Poems.New York: Release Press, 1975. Toward the Liberation of the Left Hand. Pittsburgh. University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977. The Dust Dancers. Kansas City: Book Mark Press, 1978. The Clouds of That Country.Brooklyn: Hanging Loose Press, 1982. Field Trips on the Rapid Transit. Brooklyn: Hanging Loose Press, 1990. Traffic: New and Selected Prose Poems. Minneapolis: New Rivers Press, 1998. Getting Lost in a City Like This. Brooklyn: Hanging Loose Press, 2009.Backyards of the Universe. Brooklyn: Hanging Loose Press, 2017. In recognition of the excellence of his work, <mask>

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Jack Anderson (dance critic)

texts:
 received both a National Endowment for the Arts creative writing fellowship and a National Endowment literary award. He has also enjoyed the approval and recognition of fellow poets. Morton Marcus (1936–2009), for one, offered the following encomium: "<mask>'s prodigious imagination creates alternate realities as easily as if they were prefabricated worlds, but so close to our own are they in every wickedly funny and poignant detail that we soon realize we've not been looking out a window but at a mirror. . . . His pictures of the life we lead are satiric gems, yet so consummate an artist is he that at each thrust of his sardonic wit the reader can do nothing but laugh uproariously and demand more." Personal life
<mask> and George Dorris, a dance scholar and retired professor of English, have been life partners for many years. Having known each other slightly at Northwestern University, they met again in 1965 on the subway platform at Lincoln Center after a New York City Ballet performance.Together, they have traveled widely and become friends with dance writers and scholars in many countries around the world. They were married in Toronto in 2006. See also
 LGBT culture in New York City
 List of LGBT people from New York City
 Poetry analysis

References

1935 births
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American dance critics
Dance historians
Critics employed by The New York Times
Indiana University Bloomington alumni
LGBT journalists from the United States
LGBT writers from the United States
Living people
Northwestern University School of Communication alumni
Writers from Milwaukee
American LGBT poets
LGBT people from Wisconsin
American male journalists
American male poets
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction

masks:
Jack Anderson
Jack Anderson


title: Jean-Claude Killy

texts:
Jean-<mask> (born 30 August 1943) is a French former World Cup alpine ski racer. He dominated the sport in the late 1960s, and was a triple Olympic champion, winning the three alpine events at the 1968 Winter Olympics, becoming the most successful athlete there. He also won the first two World Cup titles, in 1967 and 1968. Early life
<mask> was born in Saint-Cloud, a suburb of Paris, during the German occupation of World War II, but was brought up in Val-d'Isère in the Alps, where his family had relocated in 1945 following the war. His father, Robert, was a former Spitfire pilot for the Free French, and opened a ski shop in the Savoie village, and would later operate a hotel. In 1950, his mother Madeline abandoned the family for another man, leaving Robert to raise Jean-Claude, age 7, his older sister (France), and their infant brother (Mic). Jean-Claude was sent to boarding school in Chambéry,  down the valley, but he despised being shut up in a classroom.Early career
<mask> turned his attention to skiing rather than school. His father allowed him to drop out at age 15, and he made the French national junior team a year later. As a young racer, <mask> was fast, but did not usually complete his races, and the early 1960s were not entirely successful for him. In December 1961, at age 18, <mask> won his first international race, a giant slalom. The event took place in his home village of Val-d'Isère. <mask> had started 39th, a position that should have been a severe disadvantage. The French coach picked <mask> for the giant slalom in the 1962 World Championships in Chamonix, France,  away in the shadow of Mont Blanc.But <mask>, unaware of his selection, was still attempting to qualify for the downhill event in northeastern Italy at Cortina d'Ampezzo. Only three weeks before the world championships, he skied in his typical reckless style. About  from the finish, <mask> hit a stretch of ice in a compression and went down, rose immediately, then crossed the finish on

masks:
Claude Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy


title: Jean-Claude Killy

texts:
 just one ski—and the fastest time. Unfortunately, his other leg was broken, and he watched the 1962 World Championships on crutches. Two years later, at age 20, <mask> was entered in all three of the men's events at the 1964 Olympics, because his coach wanted to prepare him for 1968. Unfortunately, Killy was plagued by recurrences of amoebic dysentery and hepatitis, ailments that he had contracted in 1962 during a summer of compulsory service with the French Army in Algeria. His form was definitely off, and he fell a few yards after the start of the downhill, lost a binding in the slalom, and finished fifth in the giant slalom, in which he had been the heavy favorite.Yet a few weeks later, he dominated a giant slalom race at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in Bavaria, counting for the prestigious Arlberg-Kandahar events, the oldest 'Classic' in the sport. A year later, he also triumphed at another major competition, the slalom of the Hahnenkamm races at Kitzbühel that he clinched three times in a row until 1967. Although the first half of the decade was a relative disappointment, Killy began to strongly improve his results afterwards to become one of the best technical ski racers. In August 1966, the Frenchman, nicknamed 'Toutoune' by some of his colleagues and friends, scored his first win in a downhill race against an international field at the 1966 World Championships in Portillo, Chile, and also took gold in the combined. Killy was peaking as the first World Cup season was launched in January 1967, with the 1968 Winter Olympics in France only a year away. Dominance – 1967–68

World Cup results

Season standings

Season titles
 6 titles – (2 overall, 1 DH, 2 GS, 1 SL)

Race victories
 18 wins – (6 DH, 7 GS, 5 SL)
 24 podiums – (8 DH, 9 GS, 7 SL)

^ Results from the 1968 Winter Olympics (and 1970 World Championships) were included in the World Cup standings. <mask> was the first World Cup champion in 1967, winning 12 of 17 races to easily take the overall title.He also

masks: Killy Killy


title: Jean-Claude Killy

texts:
 won the season standings in each of the three "Classic" alpine disciplines; he won all five of the downhill races and four of the five giant slalom races. The following year, <mask> won the Triple Crown of Alpine Skiing with a sweep of all three Olympic gold medals (downhill, giant slalom, and slalom) in controversial circumstances at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France. By finishing first in all races, he also captured the FIS world championship title in the combined event. Electrical timing by Omega was accurate to one-hundredth of a second. <mask> relied on his upper-body strength to hit the bar while already moving forward, giving himself a slight edge. This spectacular start appears to have helped him to beat his teammate Guy Perillat by a few hundredths in the Olympic downhill. With the Olympic events included (for the only time) in the World Cup standings, <mask> easily defended his title in 1968 as the overall champion, placing first in the giant slalom and second in the downhill and slalom season standings.He retired following the 1968 season, and moved to Geneva, Switzerland, in 1969. World Championship results
From 1948 through 1980, the Winter Olympics were also the World Championships for alpine skiing. At the World Championships from 1954 through 1980, the combined was a "paper race" using the results of the three events (DH, GS, SL). 1962: injured

Olympic results

Post-Olympic career
<mask>'s success in Grenoble could not have come at a more opportune time for him: the 1968 Winter Olympics were the first to be extensively televised, in color, by the American Broadcasting Company. His all-conquering success, combined with his Gallic flair and looks, made him an overnight celebrity in the United States, especially amongst young women. In May 1968, <mask> signed with International Management Group, the sports management firm headed by Mark McCormack. After racing on Dynamic VR17 and Rossignol skis during the part of his career when he was

masks: Killy Killy Killy Killy Killy


title: Jean-Claude Killy

texts: dominant, Killy signed a deal with Head Ski in the fall 1968 to endorse a metal and fiberglass ski named for him, the Killy 800.Head, which was acquired by AMF the following year, manufactured a line of Killy skis for at least two years. In television advertisements, Killy promoted the American Express card. He also became a spokesman for Schwinn bicycles, United Airlines, and Chevrolet automobiles; the last, a role detailed by journalist Hunter S. Thompson in his 1970 article "The Temptations of Jean-Claude Killy" for Scanlan's Monthly. Killy starred as a ski instructor in the 1972 crime movie Snow Job, released in the UK as The Ski Raiders, and US TV as The Great Ski Caper. American children in the early 1970s knew <mask> from a TV commercial where he introduces himself, his thick accent making his name into "Chocolate Kitty." <mask> played himself in the 1983 movie Copper Mountain: A Club Med Experience, starring Jim Carrey and Alan Thicke, set at Copper Mountain, Colorado. <mask> also stars in the noteworthy TV movie Peggy Fleming at Sun Valley (1971), in which he performs some remarkable skiing tricks alongside the three-time ice skating World Champion Peggy Fleming.Jean-<mask> also had a short career as a racing driver between 1967 and 1970, participating in several car races including at Monza. <mask> entered the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1969, partnered with Bob Wollek, another former skier turned racing driver. <mask> and Wollek's car led its class for a while before pulling out of the race with only four hours to go. In team with fellow Frenchman Bernard Cahier, <mask> was 7th overall in the 1967 Targa Florio in a Porsche 911 S and first in the GT classification. In November 1972, <mask> came out of ski racing retirement at age 29 to compete on the pro circuit in the U.S. for two seasons. After a spirited challenge from two-time defending champion Spider Sabich, <mask> won the 1973 season title, taking $28,625 in race winnings and a $40,000 bonus for the

masks:
Killy
Killy
Killy
Claude Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy
Killy


title: Jean-Claude Killy

texts: championship. He missed the next season, won by Hugo Nindl, due to a recurring stomach ailment, then returned in the fall of 1974.Injuries slowed him and he finished well out of the 1975 standings, won by Hank Kashiwa. In addition to trying his skill as a car racer, <mask> made two television series. One, The Killy Style, was a thirteen-week series that showcased various ski resorts, and the other, The Killy Challenge, featured him racing against celebrities, who were all given handicaps. He was also sponsored by a champagne company, Moët & Chandon, which paid him to be seen with a bottle of their champagne on his table everywhere he went. In 1974 <mask>, as part of this sponsorship deal was paid to ski down the previously unskied eastern slope of Mt Ngauruhoe (Peter Jackson's "Mt Doom") in New Zealand. The average slope on this side of the active volcano is 35 degrees. Radar recorded his speed at over , and it took two takes, as cloud cover spoiled the first.In 1975 <mask> was hired to lead the new ski operations at the Shawnee Inn, a resort in the foothills of the Pocono Mountains in northeastern Pennsylvania. In 1983 Bob Gillen wrote in Ski magazine about the growing reputation of Mt. Shawnee as a ski area. He stated, "Some of the initial interest was stimulated by hiring Jean-Claude <mask> to represent the facility, and for several seasons he spent a number of days there. The first time my wife ever skied with me, I saw Killy flash by at Shawnee—he was fast and smooth and he stopped frequently to check the time on his Rolex." From 1977 to 1994, he was a member of the Executive board of the Alpine Skiing Committee of the FIS. <mask> served as co-president of the 1992 Winter Olympics, held in Albertville, France, and as the President of the Société du Tour de France cycling race between 1992 and 2001.From 1995 to 2014 he was a member of the International Olympic Committee and chaired the coordination committee for Turin 2006 and Sochi 2014. He has been an


title: Jean-Claude Killy

texts:
 Honorary Member since then. <mask> tried his hand at distance running and competed in the 1983 New York City Marathon, finishing in 3:58:33. The ski area of Val d'Isère and Tignes in the French Alps was given the name l'Espace <mask>, in his honor. <mask> became Grand Officer of the Légion d'honneur in 2000. Intrawest credits Killy with the design of a ski trail, "Cupp Run," at their Snowshoe resort in West Virginia. Personal life
From 1973 to 1987, he was married to French actress Danielle Gaubert, until her death from cancer.Together they had a daughter, Émilie; he also adopted her two children from her first marriage to Rhadamés Trujillo, the son of Rafael Trujillo, the assassinated dictator of the Dominican Republic. Gaubert and Trujillo were divorced in 1968 and later that year she met <mask>. He is known for being friends with Russian President, Vladimir Putin. References

External links

 BBC.net.uk – Killy's killer instinct
 Sports Illustrated – Killy: A Man and his Kingdom – 12 February 1990
 Sports Illustrated – cover stories of Jean-Claude <mask> – 1966–68
 cover (& articles) – 18 November 1968
 cover (& articles) – 27 March 1967
 cover (& articles) – 21 February 1966

 The Christian Science Monitor –  Whatever Happened To...Jean-Claude Killy? – 4 November 1999
 Jean-Claude <mask> – Three Gold Medals – Junior Johnson, Slalom, Wins, Ski, Johnson, Downhill, and Time

1943 births
French male alpine skiers
Olympic gold medalists for France
Olympic alpine skiers of France
Alpine skiers at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 1968 Winter Olympics
International Olympic Committee members
Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
French racing drivers
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers
Living people
Olympic medalists in alpine skiing
Recipients of the Olympic Order
Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games
FIS Alpine Ski World Cup champions
Medalists at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from

masks: Killy Killy Killy Killy Killy Killy


title: Gregory S. Ong

texts:
<mask> (born May 25, 1953) is a Filipino jurist and a former Justice of the Sandiganbayan. He was initially appointed as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on May 16, 2007, but his appointment was subsequently withdrawn after questions arose whether he met the constitutional requirement of natural-born citizenship. On September 23, 2014, he was found guilty of gross misconduct, dishonesty and impropriety and was subsequently dismissed from his position as Justice of the Sandiganbayan by the Supreme Court of the Philippines as a result of an investigation linking him to pork barrel scam mastermind Janet Lim-Napoles. Family
Justice <mask> is married to Nancy L<mask> with three children: <mask>, <mask> and Nicole. Ong traces his ancestral lines to one <mask> of Malolos, Bulacan, born on November 25, 1881, who was allegedly a Filipino citizen who married Chan Kin, a Chinese citizen; that these two had a son, <mask>; that in 1906 Chan Kin died in China, as a result of which <mask> reverted to her Filipino citizenship; that at that time <mask> was a minor; that <mask> thereby also became a Filipino citizen; that Ong's mother, <mask>, is the daughter of the spouses <mask> and <mask>an, a Chinese citizen, who were married in 1927; that, therefore, Ong's mother was a Filipino citizen at birth; that <mask> later married a Chinese citizen, <mask>, thereby becoming a Chinese citizen; that when Ong was eleven years old his father, <mask>, was naturalized, and as a result he, his brothers and sisters, and his mother were included in the naturalization. Early life and career

Ong finished elementary and high school education at the Philippine Chinese Chen Kuang (1966) and at the Jose Rizal College (with honors, 1970), respectively. Ong earned his AB Political Science degree at Far Eastern University (1975), and his Bachelor of Laws at San

masks:
Gregory Santos Ong
Ong
. Ong
Neil Gregory
Gregory
Maria Santos
Juan Santos
Maria Santos
Juan Santos
Juan Santos
Dy Guiok Santos
Juan Santos
Sy Siok Hi
Dy Guiok Santos
Eugenio Ong Han Seng
Eugenio Ong Han Seng


title: Gregory S. Ong

texts:
 Beda College of Law (1979), where he became Grand Judex of Lex Talionis Fraternitas.<mask> passed the 1979 Philippine Bar Examination with a bar rating of 76.45%. He studied Master of Laws at the Manuel L. Quezon University (1992). Before his aborted Supreme Court appointment, <mask> was the Chairman of the 4th Division of the anti-graft court Sandiganbayan. Supreme Court Appointment Controversy
Since the creation of the Philippine Supreme Court in 1901, no presidential appointment of a Supreme Court Associate had ever been nullified by the High Tribunal. But on July 3, 2007, the Adolfo Azcuna judgment made history. The Court granted the petition of two foundations that sought to block <mask>'s appointment over the citizenship issue. Azcuna wrote that <mask> would be unable to join them on the bench "until he had proven in court that he was a natural-born Filipino citizen and corrected the records of his birth and citizenship".The court declared its decision to be final and effective immediately. The court voted 13–0 in favor of petitioners Kilosbayan and Bantay Katarungan foundations (Senate President Jovito <mask> and Emilio Capulong). The suit was to enjoin President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's appointment of Ong (54—Ms Arroyo's 12th appointee to the tribunal) to replace retired Justice Romeo Callejo, Sr. Ong told reporters that: “I am truly saddened by the decision of the high court, but I respect it. “I am a Filipino. I lived and will live my life as a Filipino, and I raised my children as law-abiding Filipinos.”

Meanwhile, one of the top contenders for the vacancy is Sandiganbayan Presiding Justice Teresita De Castro, who heads the anti-graft court's special division on the Erap plunder case. Estrada's conviction is perceived to boost her bid to become the fifteenth member of the high court. Reporters noted that “De Castro is hoping that she will be the one appointed because she has

masks: Ong Ong Ong Ong Salonga


title: Gregory S. Ong

texts:
 the highest number of votes; “Therefore, to get appointed to the Supreme Court, she will probably convict Erap."The Sandiganbayan, has 90 days or until mid-September 2007 to decide the case of former President Joseph Ejercito Estrada, but the decision could be issued much sooner than that. The Supreme Court's July 3 decision to reject the appointment of <mask> as an associate justice of the Supreme Court sets the stage for the conviction of Estrada. Another indicator that a decision could come sooner than later is the July 4 full-page paid advertisement—“Erap: Guilty or not guilty. Kailangan bang may gulo?" in at least five broadsheet daily newspapers urging the people to respect the Sandiganbayan's decision in the plunder trial. On July 26, 2007, retired Supreme Court Justice Vicente Mendoza, a noted constitutionalist, said that there was no vacancy at the moment since the President had already appointed Ong. Mendoza said there was no declaration that Ong was not a natural-born Filipino and he was given a chance to file a correction of entry via adversarial proceedings in the regional trial court.On August 1, 2007, President Arroyo appointed CA Justice Ruben T. Reyes to replace <mask>. <mask> voluntarily withdrew his nomination, because of the controversy. Questions on Citizenship
On September 28, 2007, <mask> filed a seven-page comment (to the administrative complaint of Special Prosecutor Dennis Villa-Ignacio) with the Supreme Court of the Philippines. <mask> alleged that he "should remain at his post even as the Court has ordered him to prove his citizenship status before the Pasig Regional Trial Court". Ong also contradicted the motive: “Villa-Ignacio does not enjoy appearing in Ong’s division.”

On December 11, 2007, the Supreme Court of the Philippines en banc in a 2-page resolution, ordered <mask> to file his comment within 10 days why he should not be removed from the

masks:
Gregory Ong
Ong
Ong
Gregory Ong
Ong
Ong


title: Gregory S. Ong

texts:
 Sandiganbayan. Meanwhile, <mask> is now an automatic candidate for the position of Sandiganbayan presiding justice after Justice Teresita de Castro. Further, a powerful religious organization is lobbying for Ong's ouster from the judiciary.Trial Court Victory
On November 21, 2007, <mask> was declared natural-born Filipino citizen. In a Judgment, Leoncio Janolo Jr., Branch 264, Pasig regional trial court granted <mask>'s petition    to be recognized as a natural-born Filipino citizen,  qualifying him to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court. The Civil Registrar of San Juan, Metro Manila was directed to annotate in the Certificate of Birth of Ong the decision. Ong acquired Philippine citizenship when he was still a minor on the basis of the naturalization of his father, Eugenio <mask> <mask>g. The judgment dismissed objections to <mask>'s appointment to the Supreme Court of the Philippines and tenure at the Sandiganbayan, further holding that the petitioner and oppositor were not the real adversarial litigants in their citizenship issue, ruling the 2 foundations are “merely would-be oppositors and not actual or bona fide oppositors,” and they are “not real parties in interest who actually stand to be injured or prejudiced by a judgment or decree” granting <mask>'s petition. On November 20, 2007, the Supreme Court of the Philippines received the judgment of Regional Trial Court, Br. 264, Pasig  (in Sp.Proc. No. 11767, entitled "In re: amendment / correction / supplementation or annotation of entry in the certificate of live birth of <mask><mask> Katarungan, oppositors"), which ruled that <mask> is a natural born Filipino citizen. On December 4, 2007, the oppositions Kilosbayan and Bantay Katarungan headed by Jovito <mask> stated that Judge Janolo denied their motion for reconsideration, and they appealed to the High Court to reverse the lower court's decision on account of “grave

masks:
Ong
Gregory Ong
Ong
Ong
Han Sen
Ong
Ong
Gregory S
. Ongtay
Ong
Salonga


title: Gregory S. Ong

texts:
 error.” The High Tribunal has yet to resolve 2 separate pleadings filed before it regarding <mask>'s citizenship: a) the letter-query of Special Prosecutor Dennis Villa-Ignacio on <mask>'s status as Sandiganbayan justice, and b) the Quo Warranto petition filed by Iglesia ni Cristo lawyer Ferdinand Topacio, who asked the Court to stop Ong from exercising his role as Sandiganbayan justice because of his questionable citizenship. Corruption Allegations, Dismissal From The Sandiganbayan, and Later Clemency
On September 23, 2014, the Supreme Court of the Philippines issued a ruling dismissing <mask> from the Sandiganbayan. Following the testimony of Pork Barrel Scam whistleblower Benhur Luy to the Philippine Senate tagging <mask>an of Pork Barrel Scam mastermind Janet Lim-Napoles, Chief Justice Maria Lourdes <mask> ordered for an investigation that subsequently found credence in Luy's accusations. With the Court voting 8-5 (with two abstentions), the ruling found Ong "guilty of gross misconduct, dishonesty and impropriety under the new code of judicial conduct for the Philippine judiciary."Along with his dismissal from office, <mask>'s retirement benefits were also forfeited. He is also perpetually barred from re-employment in any instrumentality of the Government. <mask> voted for the acquittal of Napoles in a malversation case filed in 2010. In 2021, <mask> was granted a partial clemency from the Supreme Court, citing in part Ong's declining health. His pension was repaid in full as well as his renewed qualification for employment in any government related agency or institution. See also
Philippine nationality law

References

External links
 Inquirer.net, Fr. Joaquin G. Bernas, S.J.1953 births
Living people
Filipino judges
Filipino lawyers
Manuel L. Quezon University alumni
People from San Juan, Metro Manila
Far Eastern University alumni
San Beda University alumni
Filipino politicians of

masks:
Ong
Ong
Gregory Ong
Ongiganbay
Sereno
Ong
Ong
Ong


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts: <mask> (, ; also Machau and Machault;  – April 1377) was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the  style in late medieval music. His dominance of the genre is such that modern musicologists use his death to separate the  from the subsequent  movement. Regarded as the most significant French composer and poet of the 14th century, he is often seen as the century's leading European composer. One of the earliest European composers on whom considerable biographical information is available, Machaut has an unprecedented amount of surviving music, in part due to his own involvement in his manuscripts' creation and preservation. Machaut embodies the culmination of the poet-composer tradition stretching back to the traditions of troubadour and trouvère; well into the 15th century his poetry was greatly admired and imitated by other poets, including Geoffrey Chaucer and Eustache Deschamps, the latter of whom was <mask>'s student. Machaut composed in a wide range of styles and forms and was crucial in developing the motet and secular song forms (particularly the lai and the formes fixes: rondeau, virelai and ballade). Among his only surviving sacred works, Messe de Nostre Dame, is the earliest known complete setting of the Ordinary of the Mass attributable to a single composer.Other notable works include the rondeaux "Ma fin est mon

masks:
Guillaume de Machaut
Machaut


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts:
 commencement" and "Rose, liz, printemps, verdure" as well as the virelai "Douce Dame Jolie". Life
<mask> <mask> was born about 1300, one of seven children, and educated in the region around Reims. His surname most likely derives from the nearby town of Machault, 30 km northeast of Reims in the Ardennes region. He was employed as secretary to John I, Count of Luxembourg and King of Bohemia from 1323 to 1346, and also became a canon (1337). He often accompanied King John on his various trips, many of them military expeditions around Europe (including Prague). He was named the canon of Verdun in 1330, Arras in 1332, and Reims in 1337. By 1340, Machaut was living in Reims, having relinquished his other canonic posts at the request of Pope Benedict XII.In 1346, King John was killed fighting at the Battle of Crécy, and <mask>, who was famous and much in demand, entered the service of various other aristocrats and rulers, including King John's daughter Bonne (who died of the Black Death in 1349), her sons <mask> Berry and Charles (later Charles V, Duke of Normandy), and others such as Charles II of Navarre. Machaut survived the Black Death that devastated Europe, and spent his later years living in Reims composing and supervising the creation of his complete-works manuscripts. His poem Le voir dit (probably 1361–1365) purports to recount a late love affair

masks:
Guillaume de
Machaut
Machaut
Jean de


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts:
 secular. In his other genres, though, he does not utilize sacred texts. Sacred music

<mask>'s cyclic setting of the Mass, identified in one source as the Messe de Nostre Dame (Mass of Our Lady), was composed in the early 1360s probably for Rheims Cathedral. While not the first cyclic mass – the Tournai Mass is earlier – it was the first by a single composer and conceived as a unit. <mask> was probably familiar with the Tournai Mass since <mask>'s Mass shares many stylistic features with it, including textless interludes. Whether or not <mask>'s mass is indeed cyclic is contested; after lengthy debate, musicologists are still deeply divided. However, there is a consensus that this mass is at best a forerunner to the later 15th-century cyclic masses by the likes of Josquin <mask>z.Machaut's mass differs from these in the following ways: (1) he does not hold a tonal centre throughout the entire work, as the mass uses two distinct modes (one for the Kyrie, Gloria, and Credo, another for Sanctus, Agnus and Ite missa est); (2) there is no extended melodic theme that clearly runs through all the movements, and the mass does not use the parody technique; (3) there is considerable evidence that this mass was not composed in one creative act. The fact that the movements were placed together does not mean they were conceived as such. Nevertheless, the mass

masks:
Machaut
Machaut
Machaut
Machaut
des Pre


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts:
 can be said to be stylistically consistent, and certainly the chosen chants are all celebrations of Mary, the mother of Jesus. Also adding weight to the claim that the mass is cyclic is the possibility that the piece was written or assembled for performance at a specific celebration. The possibility that it was for the coronation of Charles V, which was once widely accepted, is thought unlikely in modern scholarship. The composer's intention that the piece be performed as one entire mass setting makes the Messe de Nostre Dame generally considered a cyclic composition. Poetry

<mask> <mask>'s lyric output comprises around 400 poems, including 235 ballades, 76 rondeaux, 39 virelais, 24 lais, 10 complaintes, and 7 chansons royales, and Machaut did much to perfect and codify these fixed forms.Some of his lyric output is embedded in his narrative poems or "dits", such as  ("The Cure of Ill Fortune") which includes one of each genre of lyric poetry, and Le voir dit ("A True Story"), but most are included in a separate, unordered section entitled . That the majority of his lyrics are not set to music (in manuscripts, music and non-music sections are separate) suggests that he normally wrote the text before setting some to music. Other than his Latin motets of a religious nature and some poems invoking the horrors of war and captivity, the vast majority of

masks:
Guillaume de
Machaut


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts: Machaut's lyric poems reflect the conventions of courtly love, and involve statements of service to a lady and the poet's pleasure and pains. In technical terms, Machaut was a master of elaborate rhyme schemes, and this concern makes him a precursor to the Grands Rhétoriqueurs of the 15th century. <mask> <mask>'s narrative output is dominated by the "dit" (literally "spoken", i.e. a poem not meant to be sung). These first-person narrative poems (all but one are written in octosyllabic rhymed couplets, like the romance, or "roman" of the same period) follow many of the conventions of the Roman de la rose, including the use of allegorical dreams (songes), allegorical characters, and the situation of the narrator-lover attempting to return toward or satisfy his lady.Machaut is also the author of a poetic chronicle of the chivalric deeds of Peter I of Cyprus, (the Prise d'Alexandrie), and of poetic works of consolation and moral philosophy. His unusual self-reflective usage of himself (as his lyrical persona) as the narrator of his dits yields  some personal philosophical insights as well. At the end of his life, Machaut wrote a poetic treatise on his craft (his Prologue). This reflects on his conception of the organization of poetry into set genres and rhyme schemes, and the ordering of these genres into distinct sections of manuscripts. This


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts:
 preoccupation with ordering his oeuvre is reflected in an index to MS A entitled "Vesci l'ordonance que G. de Machaut veut qu'il ait en son livre" ("Here is the order that G<mask> Machaut wants his book to have"). The poem below, Puis qu'en oubli, is his 18th rondeau. Principal works
 Le remède de fortune ("The Cure of Ill Fortune") (c. 1340s, before 1357) – The narrator is asked by his lady if the poem she has found is by him; the narrator flees from her and comes to a garden where "Hope" consoles him and teaches him how to be a good lover; he returns to his lady.Jugement du roy de Behaigne ("Judgement of the King of Bohemia") (before 1346) – The narrator hears a debate between a lady (whose lover is dead) and a knight (betrayed by his lady); in order to proclaim one or the other the most unhappy, the narrator seeks out the advice of the King of Bohemia who consults allegories, and the unhappy knight is declared the winner. Dit du Lyon ("Story of the Lion") (1342) – The narrator comes to a magical island and a lion guides him to a beautiful lady; an old knight comes to the narrator and reveals the meaning of what he sees and gives him advice for being a better lover. Dit <mask>'Alérion aka Dit des quatre oiseaux ("Story of the 4 Birds") (before 1349) – A symbolic tale of love: the narrator raises four different birds, but each one flees him; one

masks:
. de
de l


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts: day the second (and preferred) bird comes back to him. Jugement du roy de Navarre ("Judgement of the King of Navarre") (1349) – Following up on the Jugement du roy de Behainge, a lady blames the narrator for awarding the prize to the knight: the King of Navarre is consulted and condemns the poet. Confort d'ami (1357) – Dedicated to Charles II of Navarre (who was a prisoner in France), this poetic consolation gives biblical and classical examples (exempla) of fortitude. Dit <mask> fontaine amoureuse aka Livre de Morpheus ("Story of the Amorous Fountain") (1361) – The narrator meets a hopeless lover who must separate from his lady; the two men come to a magical fountain and fall asleep, and in a dream the lady consoles her lover. Le voir dit ("A True Story") (c. 1362–65) – Often seen as Machaut's masterpiece, this poem is an early example of meta-fiction, and tells of the sadness and separation of the narrator from his lady, and of the false rumors that are spread about him.The narrative is stuffed with prose letters and lyric poems that the narrator claims were in truth exchanged by the unhappy lovers and put in the book at the behest of his lady. The work is, however, highly satirical, and mocks the conventional paradigm of medieval courtly literature by presenting himself as an old, ill, impotent poet who becomes the lover of a young and beautiful


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts:
 maiden, who falls in love with him from his reputation as a poet alone. Though the work is called a voir dit or true story, Machaut includes many inconsistencies which force the reader to question the truthfulness of his story. Prologue (c. 1372) – written at the end of his life as a preface to his collected works, this allegory describes Machaut's principles of poetry, music and rhetoric, as imparted to him by Nature and Love. Prise d'Alexandrie ("The Capture of Alexandria") (after 1369) – poetic retelling of the exploits of Peter of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and of Cyprus. Legacy
When he died in 1377, other composers such as F. Andrieu wrote elegies lamenting his death. Machaut's poetry had a direct effect on the works of Eustache Deschamps, Jean Froissart, <mask> Pizan, René d'Anjou and Geoffrey Chaucer, among many others.There exists the hypothetical (though improbable) possibility that Chaucer and <mask> could have met when Chaucer was taken prisoner near Reims in 1359, or in Calais in 1360, with both poets on official business for the ratification of the Treaty of Brétigny (Machaut with his patron <mask> Berry, who was departing for England, and Chaucer as a messenger to Prince Lionel). According to food historian William Woys Weaver, fourteenth century nobles at the French-speaking Lusignan court in Nicosia, Cyprus, often listened to

masks:
Christine de
Machaut
Jean de


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts:
 narrations of Machaut's Prise d’Alexandrie for entertainment during royal banquets. Tales like <mask>'s, about heroic Crusader figures, reinforced the self-image that Lusignan courtiers cultivated as long-distance claimaints to Jerusalem. Recordings

Selected recordings

Arrangements

Early recordings
1936 – <mask> Machaut. Messe de Notre-Dame, dite du sacre de Charles V. Les Paraphonistes de St-Jean des Matines (choir and brass); <mask> Van, dir. Standard-groove recording, 2 discs: 78 rpm, 12 in., monaural. Anthologie sonore 31: AS 74; AS 75; AS 76; AS 77; [Paris]: L'Anthologie Sonore.1938 – <mask> Machaut. Hoquetus David. Jean Archimbaud (soprano); André Lafosse (bass trumpet); <mask> (trombone); <mask> Van, dir. Standard-groove recording, 1 disc: 78 rpm; 12 in., monaural. Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre OL 3; 1059; M6-91643; 1063. M6-91647. [Paris]: Éditions de l'Oiseau-Lyre.1938 – <mask> Machaut. Quant Theseus (double ballade); Je puis trop bien (ballade); De tout sui si confortée (virelai). Henriette Guermant, soprano; La Société Pro Musica Antiqua de Bruxelles; Safford Cape, director. Standard-groove recording, 1 disc: 78 rpm, 12 in., monaural. (Anthologie sonore 67 (AS-140, AS-135). [France] : L'Anthologie sonore, 1938. 1943 – <mask> Machaut.Si je soupire; Douce dame jolie; He! Dame de vaillance. Pierre Deniau, tenor; instrumental accompaniment.

masks:
Machaut
Guillaume de
Guillaume de
Guillaume de
Tudesq
Guillaume de
Guillaume de
Guillaume de


title: Guillaume de Machaut

texts:
 Standard-groove recording, 1 disc, 78 rpm,  10 in., monaural. Lumen XC 462; XC 463; 33405; France: Lumen. <mask> Machaut. Rose lys; Anon (Montpellier no.189, 13th century). A la clarté. Anon (Montpellier no. 184, 13th century). Hui main. Anon (14th century). Amour que vous ai-je fait.Anon (15th century). Trop penser. Simone Gebelin, voice; H. Akoka, clarinet; G. Bon, flute; P. Hongne, bassoon. Standard-groove recording, 1 disc: 78 rpm; 312 in., monaural. BAM 44. [N.p. ]: Boîte à Musique, 1948.1956 – <mask> Machaut. Messe de Notre Dame: dite "du Sacre de Charles V". Jean Archimbaud, soprano; Pierre Deniau, haute-contre, Georges Cathelat, tenor; Eugène Bousquet, baritone; Marcel Vigneron, bass; l'Ensemble Vocal er Instrumental, Roger Blanchard, dir. LP recording, 1 disc: 33 rpm. 10 in., monaural. Ducretet Thomson 270C085. [Paris]: Ducretet Thomson.References

Notes

Sources
Books and chapters

Journal and encyclopedia articles

Further reading
See  and  for extensive bibliographies

External links

 <mask> Machaut FAQ and discography

 Works by <mask> <mask> in the Medieval Music Database from La Trobe University
 Listen to free recordings of songs from (Umeå Akademiska Kör). Images of the Ferrell-Vogüé MS, a major collection of the poetry and music of Machaut: The Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music. Messe de Nostre Dame – Public

masks:
Guillaume de
Guillaume de
Guillaume de
Guillaume de
Machaut


title: Trey Johnson

texts:
Clinton "<mask><mask> (born August 30, 1984) is an American-Qatari former professional basketball player and coach. He played college basketball with the Alcorn State Braves and the Jackson State Tigers in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). During his senior year, he won the SWAC Player of the Year award. He has spent much of his professional career with the Bakersfield Jam in the NBA Development League (NBA D-League), a minor league basketball organization owned and run by the National Basketball Association (NBA). During his time in the D-League, he received a call-up to the NBA and has played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, the Toronto Raptors and the Los Angeles Lakers. He has also spent several short stints overseas in Serbia, France, and Italy. He has represented Qatar in international competition.In June 2020, Alabama State Head Coach Mo Williams hired <mask> as Associate Head Coach. Early life
<mask> was born and grew up in Jackson, Mississippi. His father, Clinton Jr., and his older brother, Will, played college baseball for Jackson State University. He followed his father footsteps and started playing baseball since he was little. He then started to play basketball during his teenage years. However, he only played basketball intermittently through middle school and high school. He attended Murrah High School and played both basketball and baseball there.He starred as a pitcher during high school and after graduating, he was selected in the 30th round of the 2002 Major League Baseball draft by the Kansas City Royals. However, he opted to attend college and play collegiate sports before turning pro. College career
<mask> attended Northeast Mississippi Community College in Booneville,

masks:
Trey
" Johnson III
Johnson
Trey Johnson
Johnson


title: Trey Johnson

texts: Mississippi. He played both baseball and basketball there for one season. As a basketball player, he averaged 19.0 points, 6.0 rebounds, 4.0 assists and 3.0 steals per game. After a year, he enrolled at Alcorn State University and continued to play both sports there. However, at his first appearance as a pitcher for Alcorn State, he suffered a ligament injury on his elbow that required a Tommy John surgery.He needed one year to fully recover from the injury and therefore, he became a full-time basketball player. He averaged 11.0 points, 2.4 rebounds and 2.7 assists per game while shooting 41.5% from three-point range. However, he was unsatisfied with the basketball program there and later transferred to Jackson State University for his junior season. Due to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) transfer rules, <mask> sat out the 2004–05 season. The following season, he led the Jackson State Tigers to the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC) Semifinal but the Tigers was defeated by the eventual champion, the Southern Jaguars, 66–59. He averaged 23.5 points on 45.5 percent shooting, 4.8 rebounds and 2.3 assists in 32 games. With 23.5 points per game, he became the 10th leading scorer in the country and second in the SWAC.He scored a season-high 40 points during a game against Texas Southern. After his junior season, he declared himself eligible for the 2006 NBA draft but later withdrew his name and decided to return to Jackson State for his senior year. In his senior year, <mask> led the Tigers to the SWAC Final. He scored a game-high 33 points in the final as Jackson State defeated Mississippi Valley State 81–71. Jackson State also earned a spot in the NCAA tournament for the first time in

masks: Johnson Johnson


title: Trey Johnson

texts:
 seven years. However, their NCAA trip was cut short when the Tigers was beaten 112–69 by the eventual champion, the Florida Gators. Nevertheless, <mask> became one of the season's best performers by averaging 27.1 points, 4.5 rebounds and 2.6 assists in 35 games.He ranked second in scoring, after Reggie Williams who averaged 28.1 points per game. He was also named as the SWAC Player of the Year. He scored a career-high 49 points during a game against UTEP. He finished his college career with 1,698 points in only two seasons with Jackson State and became the school's eighth all-time leading scorer. Professional career

2007–08 season
<mask> was automatically eligible for the 2007 NBA draft after finishing his four-year college eligibility. However, he went undrafted. He then played for the Miami Heat in the 2007 Orlando Summer League.On October 1, 2007, he was signed by the New Orleans Hornets for their training camp and preseason roster. He played in five games, averaging 4.0 points and 1.8 assists in 13.8 minutes per game. Before the season started, <mask> was waived by the Hornets and became a free agent. <mask> started his professional career in Serbia with KK Hemofarm. He later returned to the U.S. to sign with the Bakersfield Jam of the NBA Development League (D-League) on January 25, 2008. He played 24 games (1 as a starter) with the Jam and averaged 11.8 points, 3.3 rebounds and 4.0 assists in 27.2 minutes per game. 2008–09 season
In July 2008, <mask> played for the Milwaukee Bucks in the 2008 NBA Summer League.He played in five games, averaging 5.4 points and 1.8 rebounds in 11.0 minutes per game. On September 26, 2008, he was signed by the Phoenix Suns for their training camp and pre-season

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Trey Johnson

texts:
 roster. However, he did not appear in any preseason game for the Suns and was waived on October 13. He returned to the Bakersfield Jam for the 2008–09 season. On February 3, 2009, after playing 25 games while averaging 20.1 points with the Jam, <mask> was signed by the Cleveland Cavaliers on a 10-day contract. On the same day, he was selected to the D-League All-Star Game roster. In the game, he scored a team-high 15 points as his team, the Red Team, defeated the Blue Team 113–103.After the All-Star break, he rejoined the Cavaliers on second 10-day contract. He played four games with the Cavaliers, scoring four points from four free throw attempts. He only played a total of 14 minutes in those four games while failed to make a field goal. After his second 10-day contract expired, he returned to the D-League with the Jam. He ended the season with the Jam, playing 39 games, all of them as a starter, and averaging 20.7 points, 3.8 rebounds and 4.5 assists in 40.1 minutes per game. He was also named to the All NBA D-League Second Team. 2009–10 season
During the 2009 offseason, <mask> participated in both the Orlando Summer League and the NBA Summer League.He played for the Indiana Pacers in the 2009 Orlando Summer League. He played in all five games, averaging 9.6 points in 28.3 minutes per game. He later took part in the 2009 NBA Summer League as part of the NBA D-League Select Team. He was reportedly rejected an offer to play for the San Antonio Spurs Summer League roster and opted to play with the D-League Select Team which was coached by Scott Roth, his coach at Bakersfield Jam. He appeared in the first two games before missing the last three games due to injury. He averaged 16.0 points on 54.5 percent


title: Trey Johnson

texts:
 shooting in 24.5 minutes per game. <mask> then signed with French team BCM Gravelines in August 2009.He left Gravelines in February 2010 after playing in 17 games while averaging 8.8 points and 2.2 rebounds in 23.2 minutes per game. After leaving France, he was re-signed by the Bakersfield Jam on March 2, 2010. He averaged 21.3 points, 3.4 rebounds and 7.1 assists in 13 games with the Jam. On April, after the D-League season ended, <mask> was signed by Italian team Pallacanestro Biella for the rest of the season. He played four games in Italy and averaged 11.5 points per game. 2010–11 season
In July 2010, <mask> played for the Los Angeles Clippers in the 2010 NBA Summer League. He played in all five games, averaging 6.6 points in 25.6 minutes per game.Despite playing for the Clippers in the offseason, <mask> was signed by the Clippers' crosstown rival, the Los Angeles Lakers, for their training camp and preseason games. After playing five games and averaging 2.8 points and 1.2 assists in 8.8 minutes per game, he was waived before the season started. He then returned to the Bakersfield Jam for the 2010–11 season. On January 26, 2011, after playing 26 games while averaging 25.8 points, <mask> signed a 10-day contract with the Toronto Raptors. After playing five games in 10 days, he earned a second 10-day contract. In February 2011, he received his second selection to the D-League All-Star Game. However, he did not participate because he was called up to the NBA and was not on a D-League roster on the day of the All-Star Game.After the All-Star Break, his second 10-day contract expired and <mask> returned to the D-League with the Jam. He ended the season with a 25.5 points per game average, becoming the

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Trey Johnson

texts:
 league's scoring leader in the 2010–11 season. He scored in double figures in 38 games out of 39 games played for the Jam. He also scored a season-high 48 points in a game against Erie BayHawks on March 18, 2011. He was also named to the All NBA D-League First Team. On April 13, 2011, <mask> signed with the Lakers for the remainder of the season. On that day, he played 13 minutes and scored 6 points in the Lakers' final regular season game.He also played three games in the playoffs. 2011–12 season
On August 3, 2011, <mask> signed a one-year deal with Italian club Bancatercas Teramo. However, due to an injury, he was released 3 months later without playing a single minute. After the 2011 NBA lockout ended, he signed with the New Orleans Hornets on December 9, 2011. On January 27, 2012, <mask> was waived by the Hornets after playing in 11 games and averaging 1.9 points and 1.1 rebounds in 5.5 minutes per game. On March 15, 2012, he was re-acquired by the Bakersfield Jam. 2012–13 season
On November 6, 2012, <mask> signed with his former team Pallacanestro Biella of Italy.He left the club in April 2014. 2013–14 season
In January 2014, he signed with Marinos de Anzoátegui of Venezuela. On March 3, 2014, he signed with Maccabi Rishon LeZion of Israel for the remainder of the season. 2014–15 season
On September 25, 2014, <mask> signed with the Sacramento Kings. However, he was later waived by the Kings on October 25, 2014. On December 5, 2014, he signed with Hitachi SunRockers of the Japanese National Basketball League. International competition
<mask> has played for the Qatar national basketball team.Television
<mask> was followed by a film crew throughout the 2011 NBA D-League Showcase, and was the subject of a

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
<mask> (born June 16, 1938) is an American writer. <mask> published her first book in 1963, and has since published 58 novels, a number of plays and novellas, and many volumes of short stories, poetry, and non-fiction. Her novels Black Water (1992), What I Lived For (1994), and Blonde (2000), and her short story collections The Wheel of Love (1970) and Lovely, Dark, Deep: Stories (2014) were each finalists for the Pulitzer Prize. She has won many awards for her writing, including the National Book Award, for her novel them (1969), two O. Henry Awards, the National Humanities Medal, and the Jerusalem Prize (2019). <mask> taught at Princeton University from 1978 to 2014, and is the Roger S. Berlind '52 Professor Emerita in the Humanities with the Program in Creative Writing. She is a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley, where she teaches short fiction. <mask> was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2016.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Lockport, New York, the eldest of three children of <mask> (née Bush), a homemaker of Hungarian descent, and Frederic James <mask>, a tool and die designer. She grew up on her parents' farm outside the town. Her brother, Fred Jr., was born in 1943, and her sister, Lynn Ann, who is severely autistic, was born in 1956. <mask> grew up in the working-class farming community of Millersport, New York, and characterized hers as "a happy, close-knit and unextraordinary family for our time, place and economic status", but her childhood as "a daily scramble for existence". Her paternal grandmother, Blanche Woodside, lived with the family and was "very close" to <mask>. After Blanche's death,

masks:
Joyce Carol Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Carolina
Oates
Oates
Joyce


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
 <mask> learned that Blanche's father had killed himself, and Blanche had subsequently concealed her Jewish heritage; <mask> eventually drew on aspects of her grandmother's life in writing the novel The Gravedigger's Daughter (2007). <mask> attended the same one-room school her mother had attended as a child.She became interested in reading at an early age and remembers Blanche's gift of Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865) as "the great treasure of my childhood, and the most profound literary influence of my life. This was love at first sight!" In her early teens, she read the work of Charlotte Brontë, Emily Brontë, Fyodor Dostoevsky, William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, and Henry David Thoreau, writers whose "influences remain very deep". <mask> began writing at the age of 14, when Blanche gave her a typewriter. <mask> later transferred to several bigger, suburban schools and graduated from Williamsville South High School in 1956, where she worked for her high school newspaper. She was the first in her family to complete high school. As a teen, <mask> also received early recognition for her writing by winning a Scholastic Art and Writing Award.University
<mask> earned a scholarship to attend Syracuse University, where she joined Phi Mu. <mask> found Syracuse to be "a very exciting place academically and intellectually", and trained herself by "writing novel after novel and always throwing them out when I completed them". It was at this point that <mask> began reading the work of Franz Kafka, D. H. Lawrence, Thomas Mann, and Flannery O'Connor, and she noted, "these influences are still quite strong, pervasive". At the age of 19, she won the

masks: Joyce Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
 "college short story" contest sponsored by Mademoiselle. <mask> was elected to Phi Beta Kappa as a junior and graduated valedictorian from Syracuse University with a B.A. summa cum laude in English in 1960, and received her M.A. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1961.She was a Ph.D. student at Rice University but left to become a full-time writer. Evelyn Shrifte, president of the Vanguard Press, met <mask> soon after <mask> received her master's degree. "She was fresh out of school, and I thought she was a genius", Shrifte said. Vanguard published <mask>' first book, the short-story collection By the North Gate, in 1963. Career
The Vanguard Press published <mask>' first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), when she was 26 years old. In 1966, she published "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ", a short story dedicated to Bob Dylan and written after listening to his song "It's All Over Now, Baby Blue".The story is loosely based on the serial killer Charles Schmid, also known as "The Pied Piper of Tucson". It has been anthologized many times and adapted as a film, Smooth Talk starring Laura Dern (1985). In 2008, <mask> said that of all her published work, she is most noted for "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?". Another early short story, "In a Region of Ice" (The Atlantic Monthly, August 1966), features a young, gifted Jewish-American student. It dramatizes his drift into protest against the world of education and the sober, established society of his parents, his depression, and eventually murder-cum-suicide. It was inspired by a real-life incident (as were several of her works) and <mask> had been acquainted with the model of her

masks: Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts: protagonist. She revisited this subject in the title story of her collection Last Days: Stories (1984)."In the Region of Ice" won the first of her two O. Henry Awards. Her second novel was A Garden of Earthly Delights (1967), first of the so-called Wonderland Quartet published by Vanguard 1967–71. All were finalists for the annual National Book Award. The third novel in the series, them (1969), won the 1970 National Book Award for Fiction. It is set in Detroit during a time span from the 1930s to the 1960s, most of it in black ghetto neighborhoods, and deals openly with crime, drugs, and racial and class conflicts. Again, some of the key characters and events were based on real people whom <mask> had known or heard of during her years in the city. Since then she has published an average of two books a year.Frequent topics in her work include rural poverty, sexual abuse, class tensions, desire for power, female childhood and adolescence, and occasionally the supernatural. Violence is a constant in her work, even leading <mask> to have written an essay in response to the question, "Why Is Your Writing So Violent?" In 1990, she discussed her novel, Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart, which also deals with themes of racial tension, and described "the experience of writing [it]" as "so intense it seemed almost electric". She is a fan of poet and novelist Sylvia Plath, describing Plath's sole novel The Bell Jar as a "near perfect work of art", but though <mask> has often been compared to Plath, she disavows Plath's romanticism about suicide, and among her characters, she favors cunning, hardy survivors, both women and men. In the early 1980s, <mask>

masks: Oates Oates Oates Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
 began writing stories in the Gothic and horror genres; in her foray into these genres, <mask> said she was "deeply influenced" by Kafka and felt "a writerly kinship" with <mask>. In 1996, <mask> published We Were the Mulvaneys, a novel following the disintegration of an American family, which became a best-seller after being selected by Oprah's Book Club in 2001. In the 1990s and early 2000s, <mask> wrote several books, mostly suspense novels, under the pen names Rosamond Smith and Lauren Kelly.Since at least the early 1980s, <mask> has been rumored to be a favorite to win the Nobel Prize in Literature by oddsmakers and critics. Her papers, held at Syracuse University, include 17 unpublished short stories and four unpublished or unfinished novellas. <mask> has said that most of her early unpublished work was "cheerfully thrown away". One review of <mask>'s 1970 story collection The Wheel of Love characterized her as an author "of considerable talent" but at that time "far from being a great writer". <mask>'s 2006 short story "Landfill" was criticized because it drew on the death, several months earlier, of John A. Fiocco Jr., a 19-year-old New Jersey college student. In 1998, <mask> received the F. Scott Fitzgerald Award for Achievement in American Literature, which is given annually to recognize outstanding achievement in American literature. Ontario Review
<mask> founded The Ontario Review, a literary magazine, in 1974 in Canada, with Raymond J. Smith, her husband and fellow graduate student, who would eventually become a professor of 18th-century literature.Smith served as editor of this venture, and <mask> served as associate editor. The magazine's

masks:
Oates
James Joyce
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
 mission, according to Smith, the editor, was to bridge the literary and artistic culture of the US and Canada: "We tried to do this by publishing writers and artists from both countries, as well as essays and reviews of an intercultural nature." In 1978, Sylvester & Orphanos published Sentimental Education. In 1980, <mask> and Smith founded Ontario Review Books, an independent publishing house. In 2004, <mask> described the partnership as "a marriage of like minds – both my husband and I are so interested in literature and we read the same books; he'll be reading a book and then I'll read it – we trade and we talk about our reading at meal times ...". Teaching career
<mask> taught in Beaumont, Texas, for a year, then moved to Detroit in 1962, where she began teaching at the University of Detroit. Influenced by the Vietnam war, the 1967 Detroit race riots, and a job offer, <mask> moved across the river into Canada in 1968 with her husband, to a teaching position at the University of Windsor in Ontario.In 1978, she moved to Princeton, New Jersey, and began teaching at Princeton University. Among others, <mask> influenced Jonathan Safran Foer, who took an introductory writing course with <mask> in 1995 as a Princeton undergraduate. Foer recalled later that <mask> took an interest in his writing and his "most important of writerly qualities, energy," noting that she was "the first person to ever make me think I should try to write in any sort of serious way. And my life really changed after that." <mask> served as advisor for Foer's senior thesis, which was an early version of his novel Everything Is Illuminated (published to acclaim in 2002). <mask> retired from

masks: Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
 teaching at Princeton in 2014 and was honored at a retirement party in November of that year. <mask> has taught creative short fiction at UC Berkeley since 2016 and offers her course in spring semesters.Views

Religion
<mask> was raised Catholic but as of 2007 is an atheist. In an interview with Commonweal magazine, <mask> stated, "I think of religion as a kind of psychological manifestation of deep powers, deep imaginative, mysterious powers which are always with us." <mask> self-identifies as a liberal, and supports gun control. She was a vocal critic of former US President Donald Trump and his policies, both in public and on Twitter. <mask> opposed the shuttering of cultural institutions on Trump's inauguration day as a protest against the president, stating "This would only hurt artists. Rather, cultural institutions should be sanctuaries for those repelled by the inauguration." In January 2019, <mask> stated that "Trump is like a figurehead, but I think what really controls everything is just a few really wealthy families or corporations."Twitter
<mask> is a regular poster on Twitter with her account given to her by her publisher Harper Collins. She has drawn particular criticism for the perceived Islamophobia of her tweets. <mask> stated in her criticized tweet, "Where 99.3% of women report having been sexually harassed & rape is epidemicEgyptnatural to inquire: what's the predominant religion?" She later backtracked from that statement. <mask> was also criticized for responding to a Mississippi school's pulling of To Kill a Mockingbird from its eighth grade curriculum with a tweet claiming that Mississippians do not read. <mask> defended her statements

masks:
Oates
Oates
Oates
Politics Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
 on Twitter saying, "I don't consider that I really said anything that I don't feel and I think that sometimes the crowd is not necessarily correct. You know, Kierkegaard said, 'The crowd is a lie.'The sort of lynch mob mentality among some people on Twitter and they rush after somebodythey rush in this direction; they rush over here; they're kind of rushing around the landscape of the news". Productivity
<mask> writes in longhand, working from "8 till 1 every day, then again for two or three hours in the evening." Her prolificacy has become one of her best-known attributes, although often discussed disparagingly. The New York Times wrote in 1989 that <mask>'s "name is synonymous with productivity", and in 2004, The Guardian noted that "Nearly every review of an <mask> book, it seems, begins with a list [of the number of books she has published]". In a journal entry written in the 1970s, <mask> sarcastically addressed her critics, writing, "So many books! so many! Obviously JCO has a full career behind her, if one chooses to look at it that way; many more titles and she might as well...what?... give up all hopes for a 'reputation'? […] but I work hard, and long, and as the hours roll by I seem to create more than I anticipate; more, certainly, than the literary world allows for a 'serious' writer. Yet I have more stories to tell, and more novels […] ". In The New York Review of Books in 2007, Michael Dirda suggested that disparaging criticism of <mask> "derives from reviewer's angst: How does one judge a new book by <mask> when one is not familiar with most of the backlist? Where does one start?" Several publications have published lists of what they deem the

masks: Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts:
 best <mask> Oates books, designed to help introduce readers to the author's daunting body of work.In a 2003 article entitled "<mask> Oates for dummies", The Rocky Mountain News recommended starting with her early short stories and the novels A Garden of Earthly Delights (1967), them (1969), Wonderland (1971), Black Water (1992), and Blonde (2000). In 2006, The Times listed them, On Boxing (in collaboration with photographer John Ranard) (1987), Black Water, and High Lonesome: New & Selected Stories, 1966–2006 (2006) as "The Pick of <mask> <mask>". In 2007, Entertainment Weekly listed its <mask> favorites as Wonderland, Black Water, Blonde, I'll Take You There (2002), and The Falls (2004). In 2003, <mask> herself said that she thinks she will be remembered for, and would most want a first-time Oates reader to read, them and Blonde, although she "could as easily have chosen a number of titles." Bibliography

<mask>'s extensive bibliography contains poetry, plays, criticism, short stories, eleven novellas, and sixty novels, including Because It Is Bitter, and Because It Is My Heart; Black Water; Mudwoman; Carthage; The Man Without a Shadow; and A Book of American Martyrs. She has published several novels under the pseudonyms "Rosamond Smith" and "Lauren Kelly". Smith became a professor of 18th-century literature and, later, an editor and publisher.<mask> described the partnership as "a marriage of like minds..." and "a very collaborative and imaginative marriage". Smith died of complications from pneumonia on February 18, 2008, and the death affected <mask> profoundly. In April 2008, <mask> wrote to an interviewer, "Since my husband's unexpected death, I really

masks:
Joyce Carol
Joyce Carol
Joyce Carol
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates
Oates


title: Joyce Carol Oates

texts: have very little energy [...] My marriagemy love for my husbandseems to have come first in my life, rather than my writing. Set beside his death, the future of my writing scarcely interests me at the moment." After six months of near suicidal grieving for Smith, <mask> met Charles Gross, a professor in the Psychology Department and Neuroscience Institute at Princeton, at a dinner party at her home. In early 2009, <mask> and Gross were married. On April 13, 2019, <mask> announced via Twitter that Gross had died at the age of 83.As a diarist, <mask> began keeping a detailed journal in 1973, documenting her personal and literary life; it eventually grew to "more than 4,000 single-spaced typewritten pages". In 2008, <mask> said she had "moved away from keeping a formal journal" and instead preserved copies of her e-mails. As of 1999, <mask> remained devoted to running, of which she has written, "Ideally, the runner who's a writer is running through the land- and cityscapes of her fiction, like a ghost in a real setting". While running, <mask> mentally envisions scenes in her novels and works out structural problems in already-written drafts; she formulated the germ of her novel You Must Remember This (1987) while running, when she "glanced up and saw the ruins of a railroad bridge", which reminded her of "a mythical upstate New York city in the right place". <mask> was a member of the Board of Trustees of the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation from 1997 to 2016. She is an honorary member of the Simpson Literary Project, which annual awards the $50,000 Simpson/Joyce Carol Oates Literary Prize to a mid-career writer. She has served as the Project's

masks: Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates Oates


title: Ralph Lynn

texts:
<mask> (8 March 1882 – 8 August 1962) was an English actor who had a 60-year career, and is best remembered for playing comedy parts in the Aldwych farces first on stage and then in film. <mask> became an actor at the age of 18 and very soon began to be cast in knut or "silly ass" roles. He played such parts as a supporting actor for more than two decades until 1922, when he was cast in the lead of a new West End farce, Tons of Money, in which he achieved immediate stardom. After the success of this play, its co-producer, the actor-manager Tom Walls, leased the Aldwych Theatre in London, where for the next ten years he and <mask> co-starred in a series of successful farces, most of which were written for them by Ben Travers. Many of the Aldwych farces were made into films starring <mask> and Walls, and the two were ranked among the most popular British film actors of the 1930s. He continued his stage career during and after the Second World War, scoring another hit in London and on tour with Is your Honeymoon Really Necessary? (1944).He continued to play in both new works by Travers and others, and in revivals of his earlier successes, and made his last London appearance in 1958. Life and career
<mask> was born in Salford, Lancashire, the son of Gordon James <mask>, an insurance manager, and his wife, Janet née Thomas. In 1900 <mask> made his stage debut at Wigan in The King of Terrors. He spent his first 14 years as an actor performing in the British provinces and in the United States; he appeared at the Colonial Theatre, New York, in May 1913, as Algy Slowman in a revival of The Purple Lady. He made his first appearance on the London stage at the Empire Theatre in October 1914, as

masks:
Ralph Clifford Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn


title: Ralph Lynn

texts:
 Montague Mayfair in By Jingo, If We Do—!, a revue by Arthur Wimperis and Hartley Carrick with music by Herman Finck. The Observer said of him, "We have not, to our knowledge, seen Mr. <mask> before; but Mr. <mask> is a deceptive player. To begin with, you think he is going to be merely the usual '[k]nut'.As the piece goes on he proves himself a true comedian." In 1920 <mask> married the actress Gladys Miles; they had a son and a daughter. He continued his theatre career in mostly "silly ass" supporting roles, in London and in the provinces, until he achieved stardom in 1922, when Leslie Henson and Tom Walls cast him in Tons of Money, a farce by Will Evans and Arthur Valentine, which ran for two years at the Shaftesbury Theatre. <mask>'s character adopted three different personas during the play, all conniving to acquire and keep a large financial legacy. The Times commented:

Walls played a small role in the production, as did the young Robertson Hare. The critic Sheridan Morley wrote, "the team of Walls, Hare, and <mask> was thus created, one which was to stay together for the next eleven years." Aldwych farces

For their next production, It Pays to Advertise (1924) by Roi Cooper Megrue and Walter Hackett, the team of Walls, Hare and <mask> moved to the Aldwych Theatre.Most of their plays, which quickly came to be known as the Aldwych farces, were written by Ben Travers. At first he was wary about <mask>, thinking his "silly ass" persona unsuited to the conscientious and on the whole sensible character he was to play in the first of Travers's Aldwych farces. He was also concerned that in rehearsal <mask> ad-libbed too much. But Travers quickly changed his mind and concluded that

masks:
Ralph Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn


title: Ralph Lynn

texts:
 <mask> was "the greatest farce actor of our time"; the ad-libbing diminished as Travers came to anticipate and include in his scripts "the sort of thing <mask> himself would have said in the circumstances". Over the next ten years there were twelve Aldwych farces, occupying the theatre continuously, in all of which <mask> starred. Travers, who wrote all but three of them, had occasional difficulties with Walls, whose professional discipline left something to be desired, but he found <mask> to be the ultimate professional:

<mask> first appeared in films in 1929 in Peace and Quiet, a short filmed excerpt of a Ronald Jeans revue. In 1930 he made his first full-length film, Rookery Nook, an adaptation of the Aldwych farce of the same name, directed by Walls, with the same cast as the stage production.Further filmed versions of the farces followed:  Plunder (1931), Thark (1932), A Cuckoo in the Nest (1933) Turkey Time (1933), A Cup of Kindness (1934)  and Dirty Work (1934). Travers also wrote some original screen plays for the team, such as  Foreign Affaires (1935) and Pot Luck (1936 – loosely based on On Such a Night); he also adapted the works of others: Just My Luck (1933, from a play by H. F. Maltby) and Summer Lightning (1933, from P. G. Wodehouse's novel of the same name). Other films starring <mask> included In the Soup (1936) and All In (1936). In the first half of the 1930s, <mask> and Walls regularly appeared in the lists of the top ten British film stars. Walls usually outranked <mask> in the top ratings, because, in the words of the critic Jeffrey Richards, "everyone warmed to the old reprobate [Walls] whereas the 'silly ass' was not to everyone's taste." Later years
He

masks: Lynn Ralph Lynn Lynn Lynn Lynn Lynn Lynn


title: Ralph Lynn

texts:
 appeared at Aldwych in Vernon Sylvaine's 1940 farce Nap Hand. <mask>'s last big hit play was Is your Honeymoon Really Necessary?by E. Vivian Tidmarsh (1944), of which he was producer as well as star. It ran in London for more than two years and for two more years on tour. After the Second World War, by which time Walls was dead, <mask> teamed up again with Robertson Hare for two more Travers farces, Outrageous Fortune (1947) and Wild Horses (1952), which were successful without being smash hits. In 1954 he starred with Hare in The Party Spirit, at the Piccadilly Theatre. <mask> successfully toured the provinces in revivals of his earlier London farces until the last few years of his life. His last London performance was in 1958. <mask> died in Surrey in 1962 at the age of 80.<mask>'s elder brother, Sydney, professionally known as Gordon James, was also an actor; the brothers frequently appeared together on stage and on screen. Their younger brother <mask> became known for playing <mask>'s original roles in Australia and New Zealand. His grand niece was the actress <mask>. Filmography
 Rookery Nook (1930)
 Tons of Money (1930)
 Plunder (1931)
 Mischief (1931)
 The Chance of a Night Time (1931)
 A Night Like This (1932)
 Thark (1932)
 A Cuckoo in the Nest (1933)
 Summer Lightning (1933)
 Turkey Time (1933)
 Up to the Neck (1933)
 Just My Luck (1933)
 Dirty Work (1934)
 A Cup of Kindness (1934)
 Fighting Stock (1935)
 Stormy Weather (1935)
 Foreign Affaires (1935)
 All In (1936)
 Pot Luck (1936)
 In the Soup (1936)
 For Valour (1937)

Notes

References

External links

Male actors from Manchester
1882 births
1962 deaths
English male film actors
English male stage actors
20th-century

masks:
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Lynn
Family Lynn
Hastings Lynn
Ralph
Ann Lynn


title: Jill Knight

texts:
<mask>, Baroness <mask> of Collingtree, DBE (née Christie; born 9 July 1923) is a former British Conservative Member of Parliament. She was created a life peer as "Baroness <mask> of Collingtree, of Collingtree in the County of Northamptonshire" in 1997 after she had stood down at that year's general election, and retired from the House of Lords on 24 March 2016. She was appointed an MBE in 1964, and elevated to a DBE in 1985. <mask> represented the Birmingham Edgbaston constituency in the House of Commons from 1966 to 1997. Early life
Christie was born in Bristol in 1923, although she later shaved several years off her age: when seeking election, she put her year of birth as 1930. Her parents divorced when she was a child. Her mother was a teacher and a graduate of Bristol University.Christie attended Fairfield Secondary and Higher Grade School in Bristol and the King Edward Grammar School for Girls, Birmingham. In 1941, she joined the Women's Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF). Her unit served in Amiens, moving later to Hamburg, following the British advance, performing ground control of aircraft. She also appeared on British Forces Network radio. Upon her return to the UK, she joined the Young Conservatives in London. On 14 June 1947, she married James Montague "Monty" <mask> (an optician, who had served in the war as a lieutenant in the Royal Navy), and moved to Northampton. Political career

She was elected as a councillor on Northampton Borough Council, serving from 1956 to 1966, and became a whip.She unsuccessfully contested the parliamentary seat of Northampton at the 1959 and 1964 general elections for the Conservative Party. She was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for Birmingham Edgbaston in the 1966 general election, and held that seat in successive elections until she stood down at the 1997 election. The Conservative MP for Edgbaston, Dame Edith

masks:
Joan Christabel Jill Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight


title: Jill Knight

texts: Pitt, had died on 27 January 1966 and it was the first time that a female Member of Parliament had been succeeded by another woman. <mask> was a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee on Race Relations and Immigration, 1969–72. For more than two decades she was an active member of the Conservative Monday Club and was an outspoken opponent of the Irish Republican Army. Following the February 1972 Aldershot bombing by the IRA she called for legislation to outlaw the IRA, and attacked supporters and sympathisers on the mainland. She was on the Select Committee for the Council of Europe from 1977, the Select Committee for Home Affairs from 1980 to 1983, Lady Chairman of the Lords and Commons All-Party Child and Family Protection Group from 1978, on the Conservative Back-bench Health and Social Services Committee from 1982 and Secretary to the 1922 Committee from 1983 to 1987.<mask> was President of the West Midlands Conservative Political Centre from 1980 to 1983, and Lady Chairman of the Western European Union Relations with Parliaments Committee from 1984 to 1988. She also served on the Council of Europe (1977–88), and as Chairman of the British Inter-Parliamentary Union (1994–97). One slogan in the aftermath of the New Cross house fire, which left 13 young Black Britons dead, read: "Dame <mask> Set The Fire Alight! "; this was an apparent reference to a controversial speech by <mask> which was widely interpreted as condoning or even encouraging direct action against noisy parties. <mask> was created a Life peer as Baroness <mask> of Collingtree, of Collingtree in the County of Northamptonshire in 1997 after standing down at that year's general election, and retired from the House of Lords on 24 March 2016. She was Vice-Chairman of the Association of Conservative Peers from 2002 to 2005. Her memoirs, About the House, were published in 1995.She was

masks:
Knight
Knight
Jill Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight


title: Jill Knight

texts:
 interviewed in 2012 as part of The History of Parliament's oral history project. Section 28
<mask>, along with David Wilshire, introduced the Section 28 amendment to the Local Government Act 1988, which barred local authorities, including schools, from 'promoting' homosexuality. While promoting the new clause, <mask> claimed that children under two had access to gay and lesbian books in Lambeth, a claim which has never been substantiated. She linked discussion of homosexuality in schools to the spread of AIDS, also describing homosexuality as "perverted" and "desperately dangerous". She has been described as a key force behind the legislation and a "dedicated – not to say fanatical – anti-gay MP". In June 2013, she opposed same-sex marriage legislation, arguing that Parliament cannot change the fact that "marriage is not about just love. It is about a man and a woman, themselves created to produce children, producing children.A man can no more bear a child, than a woman can produce sperm, and no law on earth can change that. This is not a homophobic view. It may be sad, it may be unequal, but it's true." In the same year, she claimed it was wrong for the Conservative Prime Minister David Cameron to apologise for the legacy of Section 28, while appearing to defend herself from accusations of homophobia by claiming that gay people are "very good at antiques". In 2018, when she was interviewed by former attitude magazine editor Matthew Todd, who confronted <mask> about her role as an architect of and a main driving force behind Section 28, she said "I'm sorry if anything I did upset you. All I was trying to do was acting on what people wrote to me, said to me, what the papers said." <mask> stated that her motivation had only been to maintain the welfare of children.Outside Parliament
From 1986 to 1995, <mask> was Vice-President of Townswomen's Guilds.

masks: Knight Knight Knight Knight Knight


title: Jill Knight

texts:
 She was director of Computeach International plc from 1991 to 2006 and Heckett Multiserv from 1999 to 2006. <mask> has been President of Sulgrave Manor Trust since 2012; she was its Chairman from 2007 to 2012. Honours
<mask> was appointed an MBE in 1964, and elevated to a DBE in 1985. She was awarded an honorary DSc by Aston University in 1999. <mask> was made a Kentucky Colonel in 1973; a Nebraska Admiral in 1980; and has been an honorary Texas Ranger since 2014. Personal life

<mask>'s husband, James Montague <mask>, died in 1986.The couple had two children. Her recreations are music, reading, tapestry work, theatre-going and antique-hunting. Arms

References

Sources

 Copping, Robert. The Monday Club - Crisis and After, Current Affairs Information Service, Ilford, Essex, May 1976, pp. 5, 9, 16–18, 21-22
 Dod's Parliamentary Companion 1973, 160th edition, Epsom: Sell's Publications Ltd
 Dod's Parliamentary Companion 1990, 171st edition, London
 <mask>, <mask>. About the House. Churchill Press, 1995;
Who's Who, London: A.& C. Black (various editions)

External links

Interview with <mask> for the History of Parliament oral history project

1923 births
Living people
Anti-same-sex-marriage activists
People educated at Fairfield Grammar School
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Knight of Collingtree
Knight of Collingtree
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
Women's Auxiliary Air Force airwomen
Councillors in Northamptonshire
Politicians from London
20th-century British women politicians
People from West Northamptonshire District
Politicians from Bristol
Women councillors in

masks:
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Knight
Jill
Jill Knight


title: William F. Kruse

texts:
<mask>. "Bill<mask> (1894–1979) was an important head of the Young People's Socialist League (YPSL) in the 1910s. He was a member of the Socialist Party of America until 1921, acting as a leader of the party's Left Wing faction, loyal to the Third International (Comintern). Thereafter he joined the Workers Party of America, serving as assistant executive secretary of the WPA from the time of its foundation in December 1921. Biography

Early years

<mask>. "Bill<mask> was born in Hoboken, New Jersey to German and Danish immigrant parents in 1894. Kruse worked briefly as a sheet metal worker in his youth. He later studied at the Socialist Party of America's Rand School of Social Science under Algernon Lee. Political career

In July 1915, the governing National Executive Committee of the SPA appointed the 21-year-old as director of the party's youth section, the Young People's Socialist League (YPSL).Kruse served two terms in this position, finishing in June 1918. He also served as editor of the YPSL's national publication, Young Socialists' Magazine, from 1918 to 1919 and as the Provisional Secretary of the SPA's national Socialist Sunday School movement. Kruse was the fraternal delegate of the YPSL to the party's seminal 1917 Emergency National Convention in St. Louis. Militantly opposed to the war in Europe, <mask>, a law school graduate, worked to defend the civil rights of war opponents as a leader of the American Liberty Defense League. As head of the Socialist Party's youth organization and a vociferous critic of American participation in the war, Kruse was targeted by the US Department of Justice headed by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer under the Espionage Act. Kruse was indicted in Chicago by a grand jury on Feb. 2, 1918, and the secret indictment was made public on March 9. The sensational and widely publicized trial of Kruse and 4 other top

masks:
William F
" Kruse
William F
" Kruse
Kruse


title: William F. Kruse

texts: members of the Socialist Party began before Judge Kenesaw Mountain Landis on Dec. 6, 1918.This trial ended Jan. 4, 1919, with the jury finding <mask> and his associates (Victor L. Berger, Adolph Germer, J. Louis Engdahl, Irwin St. John Tucker) guilty. Landis sentenced each to 20 years in the Federal penitentiary, a sentence which was appealed and later overturned on the basis of judicial bias. Released on bond, Kruse continued as a contributing editor of Young Socialists' Magazine from March 1919. He was a delegate to the 1919 Emergency National Convention of the SPA in August 1919, representing a Left Wing voice on the floor, but refusing to bolt the convention to join the Communist Labor Party of America gathering downstairs. Kruse was elected to serve on a new party institution to oversee controversial personnel decisions of the NEC, the Board of Appeals, and he continued in this role on this largely unused body until 1920. In September 1919, with the YPSL moving to organizational independence under its secretary, Oliver Carlson, Kruse was named head of the SPA's new "Young People's Department." He also resumed editorship of Young Socialists' Magazine, now back under party control.Kruse also worked as a National Organizer for the SPA, rebuilding the Rhode Island state organization, among other tasks. <mask> was a Socialist candidate for the US House of Representatives from the Illinois 6th C.D. in 1918 and again 1920, and for Illinois Secretary of State in 1921. <mask> remained active in the Left Wing movement inside the SPA until the fall of 1921, organizing the Committee for the Third International with his associates Louis Engdahl and Alexander Trachtenberg. After the triumph of the party's Regulars at the 1921 Convention, <mask>, Engdahl, and their associates left the party, advocating for an "open" Communist Party in the United States. This desire

masks: Kruse Kruse Kruse Kruse


title: William F. Kruse

texts:
 came to fruition in December 1921 with the establishment of the Workers Party of America, in which Kruse served as the assistant executive secretary from the time of its foundation. He was also elected by the founding convention of the WPA as an Alternate to the WPA's governing Central Executive Committee.On June 29, 1929, <mask> was promoted to full member of the CEC of the WPA when Marguerite Prevey resigned. Kruse was an adherent of the Pepper-Ruthenberg-Lovestone faction throughout the Communist Party's factional struggles of the 1920s. From 1926 to 1927, <mask> was among the first Americans to study at the Comintern's Lenin School in Moscow, where he also served in an informal capacity as a lieutenant of the Lovestone faction in the USSR. Upon his return in 1927, Kruse was appointed by the CEC as District Organizer of the Communist Party's important Chicago district. In 1928 <mask> stood as the candidate for Governor of Illinois of the Workers (Communist) Party. <mask> was expelled from the Communist (Workers) Party in 1929 for refusing to denounce party leader Jay Lovestone. He left radical politics and became Educational Director for Bell and Howell Films, later opening his own public relations firm in Chicago, William F. Kruse & Associates.Kruse and Instructional Technology

Kruse worked for Bell and Howell for 17 years heading up several departments. He was an advertising representative for Educational Screen and Audiovisual Guide for a number of years and was appointed archivist of the DAVI in 1955  where he ended up holding many roles in the Department of Audio Visual Instruction. Kruse went to great lengths to ensure the field of Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) had an archive for future research and much of the Association for Educational Communication and Technology (AECT) archive in Hornbake Library at the University of Maryland is


title: William F. Kruse

texts:
 Kruse wrote that his manuscript was for the, "audio-visual specialist, the teacher, the audio-visual industry worker, the person with a story to tell and lastly, all of us, citizens, as fellow-men" .He was clear that he wanted to show in his history that, "The audio-visual process- which integrates a learner's sensory experience with his apperceptional reservoir and thus fits him for better living in his society- is education". Death and legacy

<mask> died in 1979. The <mask><mask> papers are housed at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University in Palo Alto, California, the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, as well as the Chicago Historical Society. Footnotes

Works

 In the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. October term, A.D. 1918. Victor L. Berger, Adolph Germer, <mask><mask>, Irwin St. John Tucker and J. Louis Engdahl, plaintiffs in error, vs. United States of America, defendant in error. Error to the District Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois, Eastern Division, K.M.Landis, Judge ... Brief for the plaintiffs in error. With Messrs. Berger, Germer, Tucker, and Engdahl. Chicago: The Court, 1919. 100 years — For What? Being the Addresses of Victor L. Berger, Adolph Germer, J. Louis Engdahl, <mask>. Kruse and Irwin St. John Tucker to the Court that Sentenced Them to Serve 100 years in Prison. With Messrs. Berger, Germer, Tucker, and Engdahl. Chicago: National Office, Socialist Party, n.d. [1919]."Socialists, Prepare!" The Socialist World (Chicago), vol. 1, no. 5 (November 15, 1920), pp. 4–5. 1894 births
1952 deaths
People from Hoboken, New Jersey
American people of German descent
American people of Danish descent
American socialists
Members of the Socialist Party of America
Members of the Communist Party USA
American Marxists
People acquitted under the Espionage Act of 1917
New Jersey

masks:
Bill Kruse
William F
. Kruse
William F
. Kruse
William F


title: Benjamin McCulloch

texts:
Brigadier-General <mask> (November 11, 1811 – March 7, 1862) was a soldier in the Texas Revolution, a Texas Ranger, a major-general in the Texas militia and thereafter a major in the United States Army (United States Volunteers) during the Mexican–American War, sheriff of Sacramento County, a U.S. marshal, and a brigadier-general in the army of the Confederate States during the American Civil War. Early life
He was born November 11, 1811 in Rutherford County, Tennessee, one of twelve children and the fourth son of <mask> and Frances Fisher LeNoir. <mask>'s father Alexander, a Yale University graduate, was a descendant of Captain Nicolas Martiau, the French Huguenot settler of Jamestown, Virginia and ancestor of President George Washington. Alexander was also an officer on Brig. Gen. John Coffee's staff during the Creek War of 1813 and 1814 in Alabama (and apparently at the Battle of New Orleans in 1815). His mother was a daughter of a prominent Virginian planter. The <mask> family had been wealthy, politically influential, and socially prominent in North Carolina before the American Revolution, but Alexander had wasted much of his inheritance and was unable even to educate his sons.(Two of Ben's older brothers had briefly attended a school in Tennessee taught by their neighbor, Sam Houston.) One of Ben's younger brothers was Henry Eustace <mask>, also a Confederate general officer. Another brother, Alexander, served in the Texas Revolution and as a captain in Mexico. The <mask> family, like many on the frontier, moved often by choice or necessity. In the twenty years following their move from North Carolina and Ben's birth, they lived in eastern Tennessee, Alabama, and then western Tennessee. They finally settled at Dyersburg, where one of their closest neighbors was David Crockett, a great influence on young Ben. In 1834, <mask> headed west.He reached St. Louis

masks:
Benjamin McCulloch
Alexander McCulloch
Benjamin
McCulloch
McCulloch
McCulloch
McCulloch


title: Benjamin McCulloch

texts:
 just too late to join the fur trappers headed for the mountains for the season. He then tried to join a freight company heading for Santa Fe as a muleskinner, but was told they had a full complement. He moved on to Wisconsin to investigate lead-mining, but found all the best claims already staked by the large mining companies. In the fall of 1835, he returned to Tennessee to take up farming. Texas career
When Crockett went to Texas in 1835 (following his defeat in his third congressional campaign), <mask>—tired of farming but seeking adventure—decided to accompany him, as did his brother <mask>. They planned to meet Crockett's Tennessee Boys at Nacogdoches on Christmas Day. Crockett's arrival in Nacogdoches was delayed due to hunting between the Bois d'Arc Creek and Choctaw Bayou.By January 5, 1836, Crockett found his way to Nacogdoches. There, <mask> greeted him after having convinced his brother, <mask> to return to Tennessee. Ben subsequently contracted measles and was bedridden for several weeks. Crockett pressed on toward San Antonio. <mask>'s illness prevented him from arriving in San Antonio until after the Alamo had already fallen. <mask> joined the Texas army under Sam Houston in its retreat to east Texas. Assigned to Captain Isaac N. Moreland's artillery company at the Battle of San Jacinto (April 21, 1836), he commanded one of the "Twin Sisters"—two six-pounder cannon sent to aid the Texans by the citizens of Cincinnati.One of the twin sisters was named Eleanor, the other Elizabeth. It is believed he chose to command Elizabeth to honor his dear friend and mentor, David Crockett, whose widow was Elizabeth Crockett. He made deadly use of his cannon against the Mexican positions and received a battlefield commission as first lieutenant. For his service (dating before April 18, 1836), <mask> was issued Texas Bounty Certificate No. 2473 for 320 acres

masks:
Ben McCulloch
Henry McCulloch
Ben McCulloch
Henry McCulloch
McCulloch
McCulloch
McCulloch