title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 party conference. He then announced that Golkar was now supporting the government of President Joko 'Jokowi' Widodo, despite having backed Jokowi’s rival, Prabowo Subianto, in the 2014 presidential election. In mid-November 2016, despite having been angered by <mask>'s use of his name in the demand for Freeport shares, President Jokowi invited <mask> to the State Palace for a meeting. Golkar subsequently decided to reinstate <mask> as House speaker, and he was officially re-appointed on 30 November 2016. On 9 December 2017, it was reported that <mask> had resigned as House speaker ahead of his corruption trial.He nominated Golkar politician Azis Syamsuddin as his successor. Deputy House Speaker Fadli Zon on 11 December said <mask>'s resignation had been accepted by a meeting of the House's Deliberation Council but a successor was yet to be selected. Legislators said the House had received <mask>'s resignation letters on 4 December and 6 December, and the meeting of the Deliberation Council had decided Golkar Party's House faction should handle the matter of a replacement. Golkar on 13 December 2017 replaced <mask> with Airlangga Hartarto as party chairman. <mask>'s replacement in the legislative body was sworn in on 31 October 2018. Trump rally
In September 2015, <mask> visited New York to attend the Fourth World Conference of Speakers of Parliament. He and some fellow Indonesian legislators, including Fadli Zon, then had a half hour business meeting with Donald Trump and joined one of his campaign rallies at Trump Tower in New York.Their presence was arranged by Trump’s Indonesian business partner, Hary Tanoesoedibjo. After appearing to wrap up the rally, Trump returned to the podium with

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

type: original

texts:
 <mask> in hand. “Ladies and gentlemen, this is a very, an amazing man,” declared Trump. “He is, as you know, right, Speaker of the House of Indonesia. He’s here to see me. <mask> Novantno [sic]. One of the most powerful men and a great man and his whole group is here to see me today and we will do great things for the United States.”

Some Indonesian legislators later demanded sanctions against <mask> and Fadli for appearing to take sides in the US presidential election while on an official visit.The pair were investigated by the House Honor Council, but they skipped three ethics hearings. Despite their repeated refusal to attend the hearings, the pair were merely given a reprimand for having publicly endorsed Trump. Controversies
Setya has been linked to numerous corruption cases but was never prosecuted until December 2017. Bank Bali scandal

In 1999, Setya was involved in the Bank Bali scandal. The Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) in February 1999 colluded with Golkar Party officials to force Bank Bali chief Rudy Ramli to pay a commission of Rp546 billion to Era Giat Prima (EGP) in order to collect Rp904 billion owed by three banks taken over by IBRA. The money was then paid out in more than 150 transfers to top politicians and legislators, partly in an effort to buy votes for the re-election of then-president B.J. Habibie.<mask> was the president director of EGP and the deputy treasurer of Golkar, and part of Habibie’s re-election team. After the scandal broke, <mask> was not prosecuted. Instead, prosecutors focused on EGP director Djoko Tjandra, an ethnic Chinese Indonesian. An investigation into <mask>’s role was terminated by then-attorney general M.A. Rachman, who was known

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 to be close to Golkar Party. Rice smuggling
In 2003, Setya's company PT Hexatama Finindo imported 60,000 tons of rice from Vietnam but paid customs duty on only 900 tons after paperwork was allegedly falsified. The case caused state losses of Rp28.5 billion and was examined by the Attorney General’s Office in 2006, but <mask> was questioned only once and not prosecuted.Instead, his fellow Golkar legislator, Nurdin Halid, who had ordered the rice, was sentenced to two years and six months in jail. Toxic waste imports
In 2004, about 1,000 tons of hazardous waste listed as fertilizer was shipped from Singapore to Indonesia’s Galang Island by PT Asia Pasific Eco Lestari, which was previously owned by Setya. He denied involvement despite reports he was a signatory of the transaction. The incident sparked a diplomatic row with protesters attacking the Singapore Embassy in Jakarta. The company’s director, Rudi Alfonso, received a six-month jail sentence. National Games scandal
In 2012, Setya and another Golkar legislator allegedly received Rp9 billion in bribes from the then-governor Riau province, Rusli Zainal, in return for facilitating the release of state budget funds for graft-ridden National Games projects. Rusli was sentenced to 14 years in jail.Setya denied any knowledge of the matter when questioned by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). East Java election fraud
In 2014, Setya was linked to a corruption case involving former Constitutional Court chief Akil Mochtar, who was sentenced to life imprisonment for fixing the results of disputed elections. Local media alleged that Setya helped to pay to uphold the victory of Golkar’s candidate in the 2009 East Java gubernatorial election.


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 He denied any involvement. Fuel depot
In 2015, Setya sent a letter demanding that state oil and gas company Pertamina pay allegedly inflated costs for use of a fuel terminal, PT Orbit Terminal Merak, owned by his crony, oil trade kingpin Riza Chalid. Freeport shares
In June 2015, in one of the biggest corruption scandals in the history of Indonesia, Setya was recorded by Freeport Indonesia President-Director Maroef Sjamsoeddin allegedly attempting to extort 20 percent of shares (worth USD 4 billion) in the company in exchange for an extension of its contract to manage the Grasberg mine in Papua. He claimed to be acting for President Joko Widodo and Vice President Jusuf Kalla.He also mentioned the name of then-presidential chief-of-staff Luhut Binsar Panjaitan during phone calls with Sjamsoeddin. <mask> later claimed this request for shares was only a joke. Both Maroef and Indonesian  Energy minister Sudirman Said, gave testimony to a House Ethics Panel set up to investigate the allegations against <mask>, who subsequently reported Sudirman Said to the police for defamation. The proceedings were televised live and attracted a large audience. <mask> resigned as House speaker on 16 December 2015 shortly before the committee voted to dismiss him. The Attorney General's Office began an investigation into the case, but it was never completed. <mask> subsequently petitioned the Constitutional Court for a review of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law.The court ruled that only recordings made by law enforcement officials were admissible as evidence in court. Therefore, as Maroef was a private individual, the recording he made could not be used to prosecute <mask>. Electronic ID card

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 (E-KTP) scandal
In 2013, <mask> was accused of demanding a 10 percent fee from the owner of a company that won a contract to produce electronic ID cards. He denied the charges. On 10 April 2017, the KPK banned <mask> from leaving Indonesia for six months after linking him to the case. The following day, KPK investigator Novel Baswedan was blinded in one eye in an acid attack. Setya urged the public not to jump to conclusions.He claimed the attack was not only against Novel and KPK, but against "us, the Indonesian people and nation fighting against corruption". In July 2017, the KPK named <mask> a suspect in the Rp2.3 trillion electronic ID card corruption case. On 4 September 2017, <mask> filed a pretrial motion with South Jakarta District Court to challenge his status as a corruption suspect. He was summoned by KPK for interrogation on 11 September 2017 but failed to appear on the grounds of poor health. A team of doctors from the House of Representatives examined him the following day and claimed he was suffering vertigo as a result of playing ping-pong. On 27 September 2017, a plenary meeting of Golkar recommended he be temporarily suspended as party chairman because his status as a corruption suspect had harmed the party. On 29 September 2017, South Jakarta District Court accepted <mask>'s pretrial motion and rescinded his status as a suspect.In response, the KPK on 31 October again named him a suspect in the case. <mask>'s lawyer said he would seek protection from the president, the military and the police, if the KPK tries to summon his client. He asserted that under Indonesia's constitution, members of parliament have immunity and cannot be touched. 2017 staged car crash
On 15 November


title: Setya Novanto

texts: 2017, <mask> failed to appear at KPK's office for questioning and instead attended a plenary meeting of the House of Representatives. KPK officers went to his Jakarta residence at 9.38pm with a warrant for his arrest, but he was not at home and was later declared a fugitive. According to his lawyer, Fredrich Yunadi, <mask> was outside Jakarta and returned on 16 November to the House of Representatives, where he called a Metro TV reporter, Hilman Mattauch, to come and interview him. A subsequent interview, relayed via a telephone call to Metro TV, was reportedly conducted in a black Toyota Fortuner vehicle owned and driven by Hilman.The two were accompanied in the car by <mask>'s aide, Reza, who is a senior police inspector. During the interview, <mask> denied any wrongdoing and said he was being oppressed by KPK, so he was seeking another judicial review and asking the president for legal protection. According to his lawyer, <mask> then requested to be driven to the KPK office to comply with its summons, but Hilman wanted to take him to Metro TV studios. During the drive, the vehicle mounted a sidewalk alongside a canal on Permata Hijau Street and reportedly scraped the side of a tree before hitting a power pole. An unidentified vehicle stopped and took <mask> to Medika Permata Hijau Hospital. Hilman and Reza, who were seated in the front of the vehicle, were not injured. <mask>'s lawyer told reporters that <mask> was unconscious and seriously injured, sustaining a lump the size of a bakpao (steamed bun) to his head and bleeding.Police later examined the car and found no traces of blood. An investigation found the car was traveling at 50 km/h on the street but had slowed to 21 km/h when it

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 hit the power pole. Golkar Party official Mahyudin, who visited <mask> at the hospital on 17 November, denied <mask> had sustained a bakpao-sized lump to the head. He said there was bruising to his left temple and a scratch on his left cheek. He said <mask> told him he had intended to meet some Golkar officials at Jakarta's Mandarin Hotel so they could accompany him to the KPK office, but then the car accident occurred. Police said Hilman claimed the accident occurred because he was tired and had been talking on his phone and talking to <mask>. On 17 November, <mask> was transferred to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.His lawyer claimed that if <mask> were not evacuated to Singapore for treatment, he could lose his memory. Many Indonesian netizens ridiculed the "accident" by sharing memes that expressed sympathy for the power pole. The Indonesian media also ran mocking headlines, such as TRIBUNews.com's "Here's the Clarification from the Electricity Pole that was the Victim of <mask> <mask>'s Car Collision". Police declared Hilman a suspect for negligent driving. Hilman had served as Coordinator of Parliamentary Journalists from 2014-2016, a position that enabled him to become close to <mask>. Fredrich rejected rumors that <mask> had given Hilman an apartment and a car, saying, “If he's a girl maybe yes, unfortunately he's a guy, a fat guy, so who would want him, right?”

Arrest, second pre-trial motion
On 17 November 2017, KPK announced it had officially arrested <mask> as a suspect in the E-KTP scandal. His lawyer said a "sick" person should not be arrested.On 19 November, he was transferred to the KPK detention center after doctors ruled him fit for questioning. He arrived in a wheelchair but

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Novanto Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 was walking normally after his initial questioning. He was detained in a KPK cell measuring 2.5 x 5 meters, where his two cellmates were Rochmadi Saptogiri of the State Audit Agency and businessman Sujendi Tarsono alias Ayen. Rochmadi said <mask>, like most new inmates, found it difficult to sleep for the first two nights. After his arrest, <mask> wrote a letter to the House of Representatives, asking to be allowed to keep his position while he attempts to prove his innocence. He also wrote a letter to Golkar, nominating Idrus Marham as acting party chairman. The deputy chairman of South Jakarta District Court, Judge Kusno, on 14 December 2017 rejected <mask>'s second pre-trial motion to have his suspect status revoked, on the grounds that <mask>'s corruption trial had started the previous day, rendering the pre-trial motion legally void.Corruption trial and sentencing
On 13 December 2017, <mask> appeared as a defendant at Jakarta Corruption Court. He initially refused to respond when the presiding judge asked him to identify himself. The hearing was adjourned for several hours pending a medical examination after a defense lawyer claimed <mask> was sick. KPK prosecutors said <mask> was lying and only pretending to be ill. The trial resumed later that day with the reading of indictment, in which <mask> was accused of receiving Rp300 billion and a $135,000 wristwatch in bribes from members of a consortium that won a tender for the E-KTP project. Less than a week before the trial started, two of <mask>'s senior defense lawyers resigned, citing differences of opinion. In January 2018, <mask>'s lawyer stated his client's intention to become a justice collaborator.In 25 January, Mirwan Amir and

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 Aditya Ariadi Soeroso were present because they had not heard the testimony of the two men. Public Relations of the Central Jakarta District Court, Ibnu Basuki Widodo, confirmed that the trial of <mask> <mask> would be held again as scheduled. By March, he had returned Rp 5 billion (USD 350,000) and named other alleged recipients of E-KTP project bribes, including Central Java Governor Ganjar Pranowo and cabinet members Puan Maharani and Pramono Anung. On 29 March, prosecutors recommended he be jailed for 16 years and fined Rp 1 billion. On 24 April 2018, Jakarta Corruption Court convicted <mask> of corruption and sentenced him to 15 years in jail. He was also ordered to pay a fine of Rp 500 million or have his sentence extended by three months. Judges said he was proven to have committed corruption in the budgeting and tender processes for the electronic ID project over 2011-2013.Judges said <mask> was spared a heavier sentence because he was polite during the trial and had never been convicted before. Judges barred him from public office for five years after his sentence expires. Imprisonment
In September 2018, Indonesia's National Ombudsman found that <mask> was enjoying special treatment at Bandung's Sukamiskin prison, including a cell twice the size of regular cells. In June 2019, <mask> was allowed to visit Bandung's Santosa Hospital, where he had a room on the 8th floor. On 14 June, he left the hospital and was later seen at a shopping center with his wife in West Bandung. The Justice and Human Rights Ministry responded by transferring him from Sukamiskin prison to Gunung Sindur prison in Bogor. On 14 July 2019, he was transferred back to Sukamiskin after meeting various

masks: Setya Novanto Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts: "administrative requirements" and promising not to repeat his actions.On 12 August 2019, <mask> was sporting a beard and moustache when he testified at Jakarta Corruption Court as a witness in a power project corruption case. He joked that he had grown the beard because the other inmates at Gunung Sindur "are all terrorists". In December 2019, Emerson Yuntho, a former coordinator of Indonesian Corruption Watch, claimed <mask> had again gone missing from his cell. A prison official denied that <mask> had left the jail for medical treatment, insisting he was in good health, while the Justice Ministry said <mask> had been moved to another room because his cell was being repaired and the work would not be completed until 31 December. On 26 December 2019, <mask> was transferred to Jakarta's Cipinang prison, officially because he required treatment at Gatot Subroto Army Hospital in Jakarta. A Justice Ministry official said Setya's heart rhythm required examination and he would be sent back to Sukamiskin prison upon recovery. National Ombudsman official Ninik Rahayu made a surprise visit to Cipinang jail on 29 December 2019 and found the jail's luxury block was registered in the name of <mask>, who was not there.Ninik questioned why Setya had a special "very comfortable" cell with "better facilities" when the jail is not supposed to discriminate against inmates. Cipinang Prison head Hendra Eka Putra explained the special block is for prisoners with heart disease and infectious diseases, so it was impossible to allow other inmates there. He said <mask> had arrived at the jail at 8am on 26 December and then at 10am went directly to hospital, so he had not yet had time to stay at the jail. He said

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 Setya qualified for the special block because he had heart disease and complications of several other diseases. Supreme Court Appeal
On 6 January 2020, <mask> filed for a judicial review of his sentence at the Supreme Court. Indonesia Corruption Watch said the panel of three justices handling the review, led by justice Surya Jaya, should reject the appeal if no new evidence is submitted. Lawyer and doctor jailed
On 28 June 2018, <mask>'s lawyer Fredrich was sentenced to seven years in prison for obstruction of justice because he conspired for Setya to be hospitalized after the staged car accident.The lawyer's appeal was rejected by the Supreme Court, which extended his sentence by six months. In March 2020, Fredrich filed a lawsuit at South Jakarta District Court, demanding Setya and his wife pay legal fees and interest amounting to Rp27 billion and non-material losses of Rp 2.256 trillion. On 16 July 2018, Setya's doctor, Bimanesh Sutarjo of private hospital Medika Permata Hijau, was sentenced to three years in jail for obstructing the KPK investigation. Memes and defamation allegation
Setya’s links to corruption cases resulted in him becoming the subject of numerous internet memes, shared widely on social media. On 10 October 2017, Setya's lawyer, Fredrich Yunadi, reported 32 social media accounts to police for allegedly defaming and slandering his client. The accounts comprised 15 Twitter accounts, 9 Instagram accounts and 8 Facebook accounts. Among those reported to police was Dyann Kemala Arrizzqi, who had uploaded memes of Setya to her Instagram account.On 31 October, police arrested Dyann at her house in Tangerang, Banten province. She was charged under Indonesia’s Information and

masks: Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 Electronic Transactions Law, as well as Articles 310 and 311 of the Indonesian Criminal Code. She was released the following day but remained under investigation and faced up to six years in jail. Fredrich on 1 November 2017 complained there were at least 60 memes mocking his client. He suspected a “certain party” had ordered or paid for the memes to discredit <mask>. He urged the public to uphold the presumption of innocence and cease spreading hatred and slander against <mask>. He said <mask>’s position as House of Representatives speaker is equal to that of the president, so he should not be mocked.After <mask>'s disappearance on 15 November 2017 and his subsequent hospitalization following a car crash, Indonesian social media and news media published more memes ridiculing him. Fredrich said his subordinates were evaluating the memes and he would report offending social media accounts to police. Novanto Center
In 2009, Setya founded the Novanto Center, an institution that carries out social, economic and community activities in East Nusa Tenggara, one of Indonesia's poorest provinces. The center has provided basic food commodities, scholarships and cash handouts, and sponsored mass circumcisions. Local activists claim the Novanto Center facilitated the entry of an iron ore mining company, PT Laki Tangguh, which was in 2013 reported to police for alleged fraud and crimes. In 2014, the director of the Novanto Center in Kupang, Muhammad Ansor, allegedly threatened a Tempo reporter, Yohanes Seo, for writing an article that listed some of Setya’s business investments in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT). After interviewing Ansor, who is a local legislator for Golkar Party, Seo wrote an article headlined

masks: Setya Setya Setya Setya


title: Setya Novanto

texts:
 ‘The Business Octopus of Setya Novanto in NTT’.The reporter says he then received a phone call from Ansor, warning him that his family would come looking for him. Ansor denied making any threats, but complained the reporter had twisted his information. In 2015, the Novanto Center established a weaving, poultry breeding and cattle fattening business in Manusak village. Locals say Setya stopped visiting the project in 2015, so all of the livestock and weaving looms were stolen or sold, leaving the buildings empty. Personal life
<mask> was married to Luciana Lily Herliyanti, the daughter of former West Java Police chief Brigadier General Sudharsono. The couple had two children, Rheza Herwindo and Dwina Michaella. <mask> and Lily later divorced.<mask> is now married to Deisti Astriani and they have two children, Gavriel Putranto and Giovanno Farell. References

External links
   Setya <mask> Profile VIVAnews

Golkar politicians
1955 births
Living people
Indonesian Muslims
Speakers of the People's Representative Council
Members of the People's Representative Council, 1999
Members of the People's Representative Council, 2004
Members of the People's Representative Council, 2009
Members of the People's Representative Council, 2014
People from Bandung
Indonesian politicians convicted of corruption
Trisakti University

masks: Setya Setya Setya Novanto


title: Brian Winters

texts:
<mask> (born March 1, 1952) is an American former basketball player and coach. Career
<mask> attended academic and athletic powerhouse Archbishop Molloy High School in Queens, New York, graduating in 1970. He then played collegiately with the University of South Carolina, scoring 1,079 points over his career. While playing for South Carolina, <mask> was hampered due to both a severe case of mononucleosis and a series of knee injuries. He was the 12th pick in the 1974 NBA Draft, taken by the Los Angeles Lakers. <mask> made the NBA All-Rookie Team with the Lakers before he was traded to the Milwaukee Bucks as part of the deal that brought future Hall of Fame center Kareem Abdul-Jabbar to the West Coast, which Abdul-Jabbar had demanded. On April 18, 1976, in the first playoff series of his NBA career, <mask> scored 33 points and recorded 5 assists in a 107-104 Game 3 loss against the Detroit Pistons.On November 30, 1976, <mask> scored a career-high 43 points in a 115-106 victory over the Trailblazers. On March 19, 1978, <mask> scored 22 points and recorded a career-high 18 assists in a 117-106 victory against the Washington Bullets. He had a productive nine-year career that included two appearances in the NBA All-Star Game and six in the playoffs, and was a fan-favorite during the years that the Bucks struggled through immediately following the aforementioned Abdul-Jabbar trade. <mask> averaged 16.2 points and 4.1 assists over his career, with his best years coming from 1975-76 to 1979-80, when he averaged 18.7 points. 4.7 assists and 1.4 steals per game. His game

masks:
Brian Joseph Winters
Winters
Winters
Winters
Winters
Winters
Winters
Winters


title: Brian Winters

texts: declined in the 1982-83 season, however, when he shot a career-worst 43 percent in the field, after which he retired at 31 years of age. The Bucks organization retired his number 32 on Oct. 28, 1983, he was the third player in franchise history to be honored with a jersey retirement.In a 2005 interview, Chicago Bulls superstar Michael Jordan singled out <mask> as the best "pure shooter" in history, claiming that "he had the most beautiful stroke of all the people whom [he could] think of." After retiring from the NBA, <mask> became an assistant coach for two years under legendary coach Pete Carril at Princeton. From there, he moved on to become an assistant coach under Hall of Famer Lenny Wilkens with the Cleveland Cavaliers for 7 years and Atlanta Hawks for two more. Next he was the inaugural coach for the Vancouver Grizzlies for a year and a half. Later <mask> coached with the Denver Nuggets and Golden State Warriors. He was formerly the head coach of the WNBA's Indiana Fever, leading them to their first ever consecutive-year playoff appearances. On October 26, 2007, <mask> option wasn't picked up by the Indiana Fever, ending his four-year tenure with the club.He compiled a 78–58 record in the regular season to go with a 5–7 playoff record. He was a scout for the Indiana Pacers for several seasons until he was let go during the NBA lockout in August 2011. He spent the 2012–13 season as an assistant coach with the Charlotte Bobcats. <mask> has been a talent scout for the Indiana Pacers since 2014. He played a role in convincing the Pacers to draft Myles

masks: Winters Winters Winters Winters Winters


title: Gilbert Froment

texts:
<mask><mask> (born 1 October 1930) is professor emeritus of chemical engineering at the Ghent University, Belgium, and research professor of Texas A&M University. <mask>'s career and influence bridges the gap between academic kinetic and chemical reaction engineering studies, and application of that fundamental science to problems of industrial relevance. <mask> was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1999 for the application of fundamental approaches in the analysis of complex, industrially important processes and reactors. Education and acclaim

<mask> achieved his chemical engineering degree in 1953 from the Ghent University. He continued his graduate education at the Ghent University
serving as an assistant to Professor Goethals; he earned his Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1957. Following his degrees, he spent the next two years internationally starting with a year with Professor Schoenemann at the Institute for Chemical Technology in Darmstadt, Germany. The following year, <mask> obtained a fellowship from the Belgian-American Educational Foundation enabling a year at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he worked with Professors Olaf Hougen, K.M.Watson, and C.C. Watson on catalytic kinetics and the modeling of catalyst beds. Tenure at the Ghent University
In 1959, <mask> returned to the Ghent University as associate professor. In 1968, he was promoted to full professor and director of the Laboratorium voor Petrochemische Techniek until 1996, when he became emeritus professor of the Ghent University. During his time at Ghent, <mask>'s objective was from the very start of his career to design or simulate industrial catalytic reactors using mathematical models, based on sound theoretical background and adequate experimentation. <mask> has contributed continuously and with great authority in developing more mechanistic, and therefore more realistic models, involving
more and more the detailed transformations of both the fluid molecules and the catalytic surface. A difficult problem relates to the transport inside the particle, and this has actively been addressed by Froment since the 1980s when the

masks:
Gilbert F
. Froment
Froment
Froment
Froment
Froment
Froment
Froment
Froment


title: Gilbert Froment

texts:
 catalyst particle was still dealt with as a single pore or at best as a pseudocontinuum.<mask> was aware of the need to retain the network topology
on the modeling, in particular when pores can be blocked by metals or coke deposition. <mask> has been a pioneer in the rationalization and modeling of catalyst deactivation by coke formation. He studied this phenomenon on the three levels : the active site (or clusters thereof), the particle (a network of pores that can be blocked by coke), and the reactor. This led him to apply, at the forefront of the development, Bethe and percolation networks to the description of mass transport and reaction inside catalyst particles, instead of the description in terms of a tortuosity factor. Another major area where <mask> has been active is thermal cracking for olefins production, an operation of tremendous industrial importance, providing the key building blocks for the petrochemical and chemical industries. <mask> started research in this area already in 1959, stressing the derivation of accurate
kinetic data from experimentation in tubular flow reactors and developing the equivalent reactor volume concept introduced by Hougen and Watson. Continuing this work through the decades led to more advanced and detailed reaction kinetics integrated within reactor models with transport phenomena.This impressive effort, combining heat transfer and three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics calculations, has led to the most advanced furnace models in use today. Tenure at Texas A&M
Various universities in the US were interested in hiring him upon his retirement from the Ghent University. He finally opted to join Texas A & M University, where he had several friends, as "research professor" so that he could concentrate on research and a few seminars for graduate students. Between 1999 and 2015 he directed 9 Ph.D. students and a number of postdocs from all over the world. His research concentrated on the application of the Single Event concept, which he had developed in Belgium, to the complex refining processes such as FCC, hydrocracking, alkylation and petrochemical processes such as MTO

masks: Froment Froment Froment Froment


title: Gilbert Froment

texts:
 (methanol-to-olefins) and oligomerization. Since 2015 he concentrated on the kinetics and design of the Fisher-Tropsch process

Commitment to excellence in teaching
<mask> has established a record of excellence for instruction of chemical engineering and reaction engineering. His dedication to teaching has led him all over the world as a visiting professor at other Belgian universities, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (1967–77) and Universite Libre de Bruxelles (1967–69), and at Yale University (1969), University of Houston (1973 and 1981), Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahia Blanca, Argentina (1977), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina (1981), Universidad de Salta (since 1983), University of Santa Fe, Argentina (1983), and University of Stanford (1984).He also was an adjunct professor at University of Delaware (1980–85). Textbook: Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design
In collaboration with his co-author, Dr. Kenneth Bischoff, <mask> published his highly influential textbook entitled, "Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design," in 1970. A second edition was published in 1990, followed by a third edition in 2010. The textbook has been utilized around the world in the instruction of chemical reaction engineering within chemical engineering curricula. The impact of the textbook has been attributed to the extensive background of <mask> and Bischoff, which provides context into the connections between the macro- and micro-scale phenomena of transport and reaction engineering. Service to Chemical Reaction Engineering

<mask> has been active in professional organizations and supportive of the chemical reaction engineering community. He is the founder of the Chemical Engineering Section of the Koninklijke Vlaamse Ingenieursvereniging and a member of the Working Party on Chemical Reaction Engineering of the European Federation of Chemical Engineering since 1966 and of the Working Party of the Use of Computers in Chemical Engineering since 1968.He has organized many congresses such as those on “Catalyst Deactivation” and “Large Chemical Plants”. He chaired ISCRE-14 in Bruges, Belgium. <mask> has also been active as an editor. He was co-editor of

masks:
Froment
Froment
Froment
Gilbert Froment
Froment


title: Gilbert Froment

texts:
 Chemical Engineering Science from 1965 until 1996 and of Chemical Reaction Engineering Reviews since 1971 and was a member of the editorial boards of Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, Applied Catalysis, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Chemical Engineering Reviews, Revista Latino-Americana de Ingenieria Quimica, and Energie Primaire. Academic accomplishments
With over 70 Ph.D. students and over 300 scientific publications, <mask> has had a significant impact on the science and the practice of Chemical Reaction Engineering. <mask> has been widely recognized, in Belgium and abroad, for his role as an educator and a scientist. He has received the Frederick Swarts Award for Applied Chemistry of the Royal Belgian Academy (1958), the National Alumni Award of the Belgian University Foundation (1966), the Prix Cornez de la Province du Hainaut (1976), and the R. H. Wilhelm Award in Chemical Reaction Engineering from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (1984).He received a Doctor of Science Honoris Causa degree from Technion, Haifa, Israel (1984), and was elected a member of the Acade´mie Royale Belge des Sciences d’Outremer in 1981 and a member of the Koninklijke Academie van Belgie, Class of Science, in 1988. In 1999, he was awarded the Villermaux-medal of European Federation of Chemical Engineering. Also in 1999, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering. In 2007, <mask> was awarded the Neal R. Amundson Award for Excellence in Chemical Reaction Engineering at the NASCRE Symposium in Houston, TX. Achievements and key publications
<mask> has authored numerous journal articles describing significant advances in chemical reaction engineering which includes but is not limited to:

References

External links
<mask> F. <mask>: A Career in Review
U.S. National Academy of Engineering: <mask>
Neal R. Amundson Reaction Engineering Award Winners

1930 births
Living people
Engineering academics
Chemical engineers
Texas A&M University faculty
Ghent University faculty
Ghent University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison fellows
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Technische Universität

masks:
Gilbert
Froment
Froment
Gilbert Froment
Gilbert
Froment
Gilbert Froment


title: Tony Franklin (musician)

texts:
<mask> (born 2 April 1962) is an English rock musician, best known for his work on the fretless bass guitar with Roy Harper, The Firm, Jimmy Page, Paul Rodgers, John Sykes' Blue Murder, David Gilmour, Kate Bush, Whitesnake, and most recently with Kenny Wayne Shepherd. Biography
Born into a musical family, <mask> first took the stage at age 5. He got his big break in 1984 as bassist in supergroup The Firm, with Jimmy Page, Paul Rodgers and Chris Slade. <mask>'s television credits include the Late Show with David Letterman, Beverly Hills 90210, The Rosie O'Donnell Show, Good Morning America, Top of the Pops (U.K.), VH-1, MTV, Don't Forget Your Toothbrush (Finland), dozens of Japanese programs and more. Sony released <mask>: Not Just Another Pretty Bass, <mask>'s first sample loop library, in 2006. While maintaining his music career, from September 2003 through July 2011, <mask> served as Artist Relations Manager for Fender Musical Instruments Corporation and SWR. He returned to music performance full-time in mid-2011, when he joined Kenny Wayne Shepherd's band for the tour supporting the guitarist's 2011 album, How I Go.<mask> can be heard on Shepherd's album, "Goin' Home", released in Summer 2014. Fretless bass
In January 2006 Fender introduced the Tony Franklin Fretless Precision Bass, a distinctive instrument, with an alder body and modern C-shaped

masks:
Anthony James Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Tony Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin


title: Tony Franklin (musician)

texts:
 maple neck with an unfinished and unfretted ebony fingerboard with side dot position markers. Other features include vintage tuners, Hipshot Bass Xtender drop-D tuner on the E string, and three-way pickup selector switch that controls an American Series Precision Bass mid pickup and a <mask> signature Jazz Bass bridge pickup with hex-screw pole pieces and ceramic bar magnets. Other career highlights
Although mostly known for his fretless work, <mask>'s been doing sessions with the same fretted Precision Bass for many years. Fender released the Tony Franklin Fretted Precision Bass in 2008, a replica of the instrument used throughout his career. The signature fretted bass is similar to his fretless model, with Precision and Jazz Bass pickups and a three-way selector switch that provide an array of tones. The model was discontinued in 2015.Prior to his work with The Firm, <mask> toured and recorded with English folk/rock singer-songwriter and guitarist, Roy Harper, appearing on eight of his albums between 1982 and 2013. In 1996, <mask> played on long-time friend, Donna Lewis's album "Now in a Minute”, which spawned the worldwide smash hit single “I Love You Always Forever". Substantial touring followed the release of the single throughout the U.S., U.K., Japan, Europe and Canada. In 1997, <mask> toured the world with Whitesnake as part of the "Last

masks:
Tony Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin
Franklin


title: Tony Franklin (musician)

texts:
 Hurrah" tour. <mask> cites John Deacon, Paul McCartney, James Jamerson and Jaco Pastorius as his main influences. Discography

 Roy Harper - Work of Heart  (Public Records, 1982)
 Roy Harper & Jimmy Page - Whatever Happened to Jugula? (Beggar's Banquet, 1984)
 The Firm - The Firm (Atlantic, 1985)
 The Firm - Mean Business (Atlantic, 1986)
 David Gilmour & Kate Bush - Secret Policeman's Third Ball (Virgin Video, 1987)
 Jimmy Page - Outrider (Geffen, 1988)
 Roy Harper - In Between Every Line (EMI, 1987)
 Roy Harper - Descendants of Smith (EMI, 1988)
 Blue Murder - Blue Murder (Geffen, 1989)
 Roy Harper - Once (Awareness, 1990)
 Don Dokken - Up from the Ashes (Geffen, 1990)
 Glenn Hughes - L.A. Blues Authority Volume II: Glenn Hughes - Blues (Shrapnel, 1992)
 Roy Harper - Death or Glory?(Awareness, 1992)
 Gary Hoey - Animal Instinct (Reprise, 1993)
 Blue Murder - Nothin' But Trouble (Geffen, 1993)
 Gary Hoey - The Endless Summer II (Reprise, 1994)
 <mask> - Premonition (Shrapnel, 1994)
 Driver - Driver (Trauma / Atlantic, 1994)
 Jeff Beck Tribute - Beckology (Shrapnel, 1995)
Lana Lane - "Love Is An Illusion" (Think Tank Media, 1995)
 Gary Hoey - Gary Hoey (BMG, 1995)
 <mask> - Evolution (Shrapnel, 1995)
 Celestial Winds - Oceans of Love (Universe Music, 1995)
 MOM: Music for our Mother Ocean - Benefit compilation (Interscope, 1996)
 Warren DeMartini -

masks:
Franklin
Tony MacAlpine
Tony MacAlpine


title: Krishnasami Venkataraman

texts:
<mask> FRS, (1901–1981), popularly known as KV, was an Indian organic chemist and the first Indian director at National Chemical Laboratory (NCL Pune) and University Department of Chemical Technology, Mumbai (UDCT). He was known for the demonstration of an organic chemical reaction involving 2-acetoxyacetophenones which later came to be known as the Baker–Venkataraman rearrangement and for his contributions in developing NCL into one of the leading research centres in organic chemistry. He was an elected fellow of several science academies which included the Royal Society of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, USSR Academy of Sciences, Chemical Society, Prussian Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Indian Academy of Sciences, and Indian National Science Academy. The Government of India awarded him the Padma Bhushan, the third highest Indian civilian award, in 1961. Biography

<mask> was born on 7 June 1901 in Madras (present-day Chennai), in the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu, to P. S. Krishnaswami, a civil engineer, Sanskrit scholar and the translator of Valmiki Ramayana into Tamil, as the middle-born of his three sons. His brothers were K. Swaminathan, a professor of English who was the chief editor of the collected works of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Krishnaswami Srinivas Sanjivi, a noted medical doctor who founded Voluntary Health Services and is considered by many to be the father of the primary health care movement in India. He studied chemistry at Presidency College, Madras and obtained his MA from Madras University in 1923.Subsequently, he moved to England where he joined the University of Manchester on a scholarship from the Government of Tamil Nadu and obtained MSc (Tech) in colour chemistry. He remained in England for his doctoral research, along with another noted chemist, T. R. Seshadri, at the laboratory of Robert Robinson which earned him a PhD and later a

masks:
Krishnaswami Venkataraman
Krishnaswami Venkataraman


title: François Cellier

texts:
<mask> (14 December 1849 – 5 January 1914), often called Frank, was an English conductor and composer. He is known for his tenure as musical director and conductor of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company during the original runs and early revivals of the Savoy operas. Succeeding his elder brother Alfred as the company's chief conductor in 1878, Cellier devoted almost all the rest of his life to comic opera. He was musical director for the original runs of nine Gilbert and Sullivan operas and fourteen full-length pieces by other writers at the Savoy Theatre between 1881 and 1902. He composed songs and also some short curtain raisers that were well received but have rarely been revived. Life and career

Early years
Cellier was born in South Hackney, London, the youngest of the five children of <mask>, a language teacher from France, and his wife Mary Ann Peterine, formerly Peacock, né Thomsett. He followed his eldest brother Alfred as a chorister at the Chapel Royal, St James's.Like his brother, and the latter's fellow pupil Arthur Sullivan, <mask> benefited from the tutelage of the Rev Thomas Helmore, who ensured that the choristers received an all-round education in addition to their musical training. Leaving the choir school at the age of seventeen, Cellier held a series of posts as an organist, first in Belfast, Ireland, and then at the church of St John of Jerusalem, South Hackney, where he had been christened, and in 1870 St Michael's, Lower Sydenham. After a spell as Sullivan's deputy organist at St Peter's, Cranley Gardens, South Kensington, he moved to St Anne's, Surbiton, where he remained for the rest of his career, in tandem with his theatrical conducting work. Cellier married Clara Short in 1873. They had five daughters and a son, <mask>, who became an actor under the name of <mask> and was the father

masks:
François Arsène Cellier
Arsène Cellier
François
François
Frank Cellier


title: François Cellier

texts:
 of the actor <mask>. Conductor and musical director
In July 1878 Cellier succeeded his brother Alfred as the conductor of Gilbert and Sullivan's H.M.S. Pinafore during its long run at the Opera Comique, London.He remained as the company's musical director there and, from 1881, at the Savoy Theatre, until 1902, with a break between July 1880 and April 1881, when his brother temporarily resumed the position. The composer conducted at first nights, but <mask>, as musical director, was the principal conductor for the original runs of Patience (1881–82), Iolanthe (1882–84), Princess Ida (1884), The Mikado (1885–87), Ruddigore (1887), The Yeomen of the Guard (1888–89), The Gondoliers (1889–91), Utopia, Limited (1893–94) and The Grand Duke (1896). As the Savoy's musical director he conducted the London runs of fourteen operas by other authors or composers between 1891 and 1902, fourteen revivals of Gilbert and Sullivan works, beginning with The Sorcerer in 1884 and ending with Iolanthe in 1901, and a similar number of curtain-raisers and afterpieces. He was appointed musical-director-in-chief at Richard D'Oyly Carte's Royal English Opera House for the runs of Sullivan's Ivanhoe and Messager's La Basoche in 1891–92. In the 1890s Cellier began conducting D'Oyly Carte Opera Company productions outside London. In 1890 he took charge of the first provincial performances of The Gondoliers, and in 1894 he conducted a touring company presenting Princess Ida and Utopia, Limited. In 1902–03 he led a D'Oyly Carte tour of South Africa, conducting six Gilbert and Sullivan operas and The Rose of Persia.He briefly left D'Oyly Carte on his return to England in June 1903. During that month he conducted a one-off matinée performance of his new operetta, Bob (libretto by the author and journalist Cunningham Bridgeman) at the Adelphi

masks:
Peter Cellier
Cellier


title: François Cellier

texts:
 Beadle, 1889); "The Polo Song" (words by "Marksman", 1901); "No Fear!" (words by R. J. Martin, 1903); and four songs with words by Bridgeman: "Coquet and Coy" (1887); "Hampton Courtship" (1887); "'Tis For the Best" (1888); and "Men of the Day" (1888). His short anthem, "Holy, Holy, Holy" was published in 1901.Cellier devoted his brief retirement to writing a book of reminiscences about Gilbert, Sullivan and the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company (Gilbert and Sullivan and Their Operas). He died at his home in Kingston upon Thames in 1914 before the book was completed, and his collaborator, Bridgeman, completed and published it later that year. Reputation
Henry Lytton wrote:

<mask>'s collaborator Bridgeman wrote of his friend's dedication to the music of Arthur Sullivan and <mask>, to the exclusion, Bridgeman felt, of all other music. Sullivan willed to Cellier the original manuscript scores for The Pirates of Penzance and Patience. Bridgeman, and the anonymous author of The Era's profile, considered, as Lytton did, that Cellier's natural talent could have equipped him to rival the creative success of at least one of his two musical idols, but that indolence and lack of ambition prevented it. Both those sources agree that Cellier's conducting technique was unshowy and strictly practical, and he took pleasure in being known as "the musician who conducts in English". Notes

References

External links
Chapter of Cellier's book
Profile of Cellier at the Who Was Who in the D'Oyly Carte website
Brief analysis of Cellier's music
Review of "Children's Pinafore" with arrangements by Cellier
Karaoke files for Captain Billy

<mask> family
1849 births
1914 deaths
19th-century English musicians
English composers
English people of French descent
Musicians from London
People associated with Gilbert and Sullivan
People from South

masks:
Cellier
Alfred Cellier
Cellier


title: Shooting of Vivian Strong

texts:
On June 24, 1969, <mask>, a 14-year-old African American girl, was killed in Omaha, Nebraska, United States, when a white police officer shot her in the back of the head without warning. The white police officer, and his Black partner, had been dispatched to the location because there were "juveniles breaking in." When they arrived at the scene a small group of teenagers fled out of an abandoned apartment where they had been dancing. The killing sparked three days of riots in Omaha's predominantly African-American Northeast neighborhood. After being suspended and then fired, the officer was charged with and pleaded not guilty to manslaughter. After the case, in which he personally testified, he was acquitted by an all-white jury and served two more years on the Omaha police force. The shooting has since been showcased in several theatrical adaptations.<mask>

The daughter of James and Kasie <mask>, <mask> was born on December 24, 1954 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She attended Tech Jr. High in Omaha, Nebraska and planned to become a secretary, but because of a heart condition she developed in 1964 (a leaky aortic valve), her attendance was irregular and sporadic. She routinely visited local hospitals and care facilities; for example in January of 1964 she stayed at the University of Nebraska Medical Center for over a month (January 23 - February 27), and from April to November of the same year, she was a "bed patient" at Hattie B. Munroe Home. She had one sister and six brothers. Shooting
On June 24, 1969, no more than nine teenagers gathered, played music, and danced at a party hosted in a vacant apartment in the Logan Fontenelle Housing Project. Following a call to police about a suspected robbery, two officers arrived, and the teenagers fled out of the back door. James Loder—the white officer of the two—shot into the fleeing group without warning, which struck the then 14-year old <mask> in the back of

masks:
Vivian Strong
Vivian Strong
Strong
Vivian
Strong


title: Shooting of Vivian Strong

texts:
 the head, killing her.Both James W. Smith—Loder's African American partner—and <mask>'s sister, Carol, asked Loder, "Why did you shoot her? ", but he did not reply. In the first news article about the incident, which appeared on the cover of the Omaha World Herald on June 25, 19-year old Linda Bradley, <mask>'s babysitter at the time, said, "We were playing records in the alley. We do it all the time. I even went around to the neighbors to see that it would be alright." She said when the police arrived they "went to see what was going on," and she concluded by saying Loder "shot her right in the head. He didn't holler, or shoot in the air or anything.There was only one shot." Community response

Unrest followed for three days in Omaha's Northeast neighborhood, resulting in 88 injuries and over one million dollars in property damage and making national headlines. In just those three days, fifty-six arrests were made, all of them being African-Americans. During the riots, the Black Panthers, armed with weapons, protected Black churches and the local Black newspaper, the Omaha Star. Within the week, on June 28th, 30 Black and white women accused police of brutality in the Near North Side of Omaha, and of having a double standard for the treatment of white and Black people. The police chief denied both charges and talked to the delegation for over an hour. One of the women argued that police should give more attention to psychiatric screening of recruits before they are sent into the field.Similarly, two days later, Omaha Mayor Eugene Leahy met with a delegation of 15 African-American women, who complained about discrimination by the police; in response, the Mayor said their grievances would "be studied and analyzed". Several days after the killing, activist Ernie Chambers called on the city to pay damages of $100,000 to the parents of <mask>. Mayor Leahy responded by saying it was "ridiculous" and, "I'm not

masks: Strong Strong Strong


title: Shooting of Vivian Strong

texts:
 saying the $100,000 figure is ridiculous for a girl's life but it is ridiculous to demand that the city pay it," saying instead the remedy would be appropriately found in court. Members of the United Presbyterian Church contributed approximately $300 to the family of <mask>, and approximately 35 Omaha policemen and firemen, most of who were African American, contributed $150. Funeral
<mask> was buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in Omaha, Nebraska. Reverend General R. Woods, president of the Coordinating Committee for the Civil Liberties in Omaha, spoke at the funeral and said the death of <mask> was due to "the actions as well as the inactions of the police, the city council, members of the legislature and citizens of Nebrakska." Nebraska state senator Edward Danner said, "I feel ashamed to stand here today because I tried so hard in my legislative efforts."Senator Danner had tried to persuade the legislature to pass an amendment that would have made police more responsible for their actions. Legal proceedings
Initially, Police Chief Richard R. Anderson indicated Loder would be suspended for 15 days and then fired. Loder was released from jail on a $500 bond, and Local 531 of the AFL-CIO Employees Union contributed at least $3,000 to Loder's defense. He entered a plea of "not guilty" to the charge of manslaughter. In the time period between the shooting and court case, Loder sought reinstatement by the City Personnel Board, but the board chose to withhold action pending the outcome of the criminal case. Preliminary hearing

Since officials banned all statements following the shooting, it was not until the preliminary hearing that the public heard Loder's version of what happened. Loder's statement, taken three hours after the shooting, was read in court, saying, "If I had known it was a female, I wouldn't have fired the shot."Loder claimed he called out three times to the fleeing person, "Stop or I'll


title: Shooting of Vivian Strong

texts: 9, 1970 with District Court Judge Lawrence C. Krell.The defense lawyers were Joseph J. Vance and Paul Watts. The county attorney was Donald Knowles and the deputy attorney was Lawrence Corrigan. Loder faced a possible prison sentence of one to ten years. 32-witnesses were called to testify by the state. During opening remarks, Corrigan said the original call made to police mentioned "juveniles breaking in." He said that when Loder chased <mask>, there were "children all over", but that Loder had not called for the fleeing person to halt. But for the defense, Watts argued that there was no mention of juveniles in the original call to Car 206, but instead, "parties breaking in now," and that Loder had indeed called out a command to halt three times before firing.He also noted Loder's more than ten years of experience with the police and military. His partner, Smith, testified that he heard Loder shout, "'Hey halt, stop' or something like that", while all other witnesses said Loder gave no warning. One witness stated that when Loder pulled his gun, one child playing in the area shouted, "Don't shoot her mister!" Loder and his partner both testified that the call to Car 206 said, "parties are breaking in." But radio dispatchers had said—as recordings of the calls proved—"juveniles breaking in." On Thursday, March 12, Sheriff Janing of Douglas County was visited by FBI agents in his office, saying that the agents expressed concern about out-of-town Black "militants" in Omaha, possibly to "exploit the Loder case". Also on the fourth day, Lew Davis, a member of the National Committee to Combat Facism, read a statement in the courthouse lobby: "Black people have gathered here at the courthouse for the trial of James Loder to show that we are dissatisfied with the way that the Loder case is being dealt with.Namely, that the prosecution and the defense lawyers are cooperating very clearly in an attempt to get Loder


title: Shooting of Vivian Strong

texts:
 acquitted." Early on the fifth day, a telephoned bomb threat shut down the courtroom, but following a search, nothing was found. Afterward, one member of the jury was dismissed and replaced, and the state rested its case. The defense attorney asked that the trial be dismissed because the "state had failed to prove its case"; Judge Krell took it under advisement. In rebuttal, county attorney Knowles argued that if <mask> committed any crime prior to Loder's arrival—such as her entry in the apartment—it was a misdemeanor and did not call for the use of force. Loder testimony
Loder testified on the sixth day of the trial, Monday, March 16, on the stand for approximately an hour. After receiving a dispatch to investigate a break-in, Loder said that he and his partner drove quickly without sirens or lights to the location, about ten blocks away.The area was dimly lit and his partner, Smith, was arresting one young person while Loder ran into a playground area to the south, in which he heard a thump and turned around. There, he saw someone haunched over, outside a window. He pursued the person around a corner and through a backyard area, shouting (according to Loder) three times for the fleeing person to halt, or he would shoot. "I drew my weapon, I fired one shot," he said. Apparently afraid the person was getting away, he testified that he needed to shoot. On the stand he denied testimony from other witnesses that he had kicked <mask>'s body to turn her over. Instead, he said he lifted her arm to turn her partway over, to look for a wound, but did not find one.Verdict
On March 17, 1970, after approximately 12 hours of deliberation, an all-white jury of six men and six women acquitted James Loder of manslaughter. One juror said, "It was one of the hardest decisions I ever had to make. I felt that if you don't give police the authority to act we are just not going to have any law and order at all." Of the

masks: Strong Strong


title: Shooting of Vivian Strong

texts:
 acquittal, <mask>'s mother said,

James Loder after the verdict
Loder returned to the police force, where he served for two more years. The Omaha World Herald published an editorial on 2 April 1970, that disagreed with the decision to reinstate Loder to the police force,  After serving at a desk job for many months, on February 1, 1971, Loder was assigned to a patrol cruiser from 6  to 2  in a police district that included Near North Omaha, the location of <mask>'s shooting. The reassignment was made public, and complaints were made to the mayor of Omaha and governor of Nebraska, and Loder was subsequently assigned to patrol the west side of Omaha. On Monday 29 November 1971, Loder was fired by police Chief Richard Andersen for a series of rule infractions, including failure to appear in court to testify as a city witness, misuse of police radio, insubordination to a sergeant, and failure to pass uniform inspection.Loder was the estranged natural son of Hollywood actress Hedy Lamarr and actor John Loder, who had both claimed him as their adopted son. Lemarr had done so in 1941, long before marrying Loder, in order to conceal his illegitimacy. Aftermath
<mask>'s parents were divorced at the time of the shooting. During the unrest, her father, <mask>, said,

One of <mask>'s younger sisters, Carol, was with her when she was killed; Carol did not receive any counseling afterward. Her mother had a nervous breakdown, and Carol subsequently took over the care of her younger brothers and sisters. In March 1970, approximately nine months after the deadly shooting, <mask>'s mother, Kasie <mask>, sued James Loder for $75,000 in district court for future loss of "earnings, support, and service". <mask>'s 17 year-old brother, Orlando, was fined $100 and sentenced to 90 days in jail after throwing a rock toward a police cruiser on April 10, 1970, less than a month after the <mask> verdict.Later the same year, on

masks:
Strong
Strong
Strong
James Strong
Strong
Strong
Strong
Strong
Strong


title: Shooting of Vivian Strong

texts:
 25 October 1970, Orlando published a poem about the shooting of his sister in the classified newspaper section of the Omaha World Herald. The poem ends with the four lines
He could have fired a warning shot
as he gunned her down in a very small lot. What a price for suspicion of burglary
and Loder walked away – scott free. Legacy

<mask> Memorial Liberation School
The summer of <mask>'s death, the Black Panther Party (BPP) established the <mask> Strong Memorial Liberation School. The BPP established Liberation Schools in several US cities. The school in Omaha may have operated for only a week before it closed down. Theater
Sometime between 1969 and 1972, the Afro Academy of Dramatic Arts in Omaha presented a play written by Reverend Darryl Eure comparing the killing of <mask> to Emmett Till.Since then, two plays have been produced about <mask>. Monica Bauer's 2019 play, Vivian's Music: 1969, imagines the last days of her life; it won an award at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival and was produced off-off-Broadway at 59E59 Theaters in New York City. Christopher Maly's 2018 play, The Blues of Knowing Why, was a "community account" of her short life based on interviews with friends, family, media, and members of resistance organizations, produced in Omaha's Union for Contemporary Arts. References

External links
 Vivian's Music, 1969 A theatrical play by Monica Bauer
 The Blues of Knowing Why A theatrical play written by Christopher Maly
 DEAR VIVIAN: SHORT FILM based on a true story. 1969 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Nebraska
History of civil rights in the United States
Police brutality in the United States
African Americans shot dead by law enforcement officers in the United States
African-American history in Omaha, Nebraska
Law enforcement in Nebraska
History of Omaha, Nebraska
Law enforcement controversies in the United States
1969 riots
History of racism in Nebraska
Riots and civil disorder in

masks:
Vivian Strong
Strong
Vivian
Strong
Strong


title: Adam Smith (footballer, born February 1985)

texts:
<mask> (born 20 February 1985), known as <mask>, is an English semi-professional footballer who plays as a right winger. He has played in the Football League for Chesterfield, Lincoln City and Aldershot Town. <mask> came through the youth ranks at Chesterfield, who had originally spotted him playing local football. He broke into the first-team squad in 2001 and made his debut a year later. He was forced to undergo knee surgery in 2005 and has suffered several injuries during his career. He was loaned out to Lincoln City in 2008 and was released by Chesterfield after seven seasons at the club, after which he moved down to play in non-League football with Gainsborough Trinity, York City, Mansfield Town, Lincoln City, FC Halifax Town, Wrexham, Guiseley, Alfreton Town and Bradford Park Avenue. Career

Chesterfield
Smith played in the Huddersfield and District Association Football League for Lepton Highlanders.He trialled at Football League clubs Huddersfield Town and Oldham Athletic at the ages of 14 at 15 respectively. While playing for Kirkheaton he was spotted by Chesterfield and was invited for a trial match, and was eventually offered a place on the club' scholarship scheme. He began training with the first team during the 2001–02 season and was first named on the bench for Chesterfield's 1–0 victory over Reading at the Madejski Stadium on 1 December 2001. He made his debut in a Football League Trophy match against Port Vale on 22 November 2002, where he came on as a substitute in the 77th minute, and scored in the penalty shoot-out that was eventually lost 4–3. His Football League debut came on 13 September 2003 after coming on as a substitute for the injured Mark DeBolla in the 79th minute of a 1–0 defeat to Notts County. He went on to make further appearances that month against Brighton & Hove Albion and Brentford, where he played on the left wing. He was offered a two-year professional contract with Chesterfield in March 2004, effective

masks:
Nathan Adam Smith
Adam Smith
Smith


texts: from the 2004–05 season.His first league start for Chesterfield came in a 1–0 defeat to Hull City on 10 October. He underwent laparoscopic surgery on his knee to repair cartilage damage in February 2005, which was expected to rule him out for six weeks. He made his return on 18 March after coming on as a 60th-minute substitute for Carlos Logan in a 2–2 draw with Brentford. Soon after making his return, he picked up an injury to his left ankle, which was sustained during Chesterfield's 3–2 defeat to AFC Bournemouth. This ruled him out for the rest of the season, which he finished with 19 appearances. He was fit for the start of 2005–06 and set up two of Chesterfield's goals in the 3–1 opening day victory over Blackpool. He went on to score his first goals for Chesterfield with a brace after coming on as a half-time substitute against Yeovil Town; he scored from a pass from Paul Hall after Yeovil goalkeeper Chris Weale was left stranded after being lobbed, and then scored his second after gaining the ball from Mark Allott, which helped his team to a 3–1 victory.An 89th-minute goal from <mask> against Bradford City on 7 January 2006 saw his team earn a 1–0 victory. He agreed to a new two-year contract at Chesterfield in March and finished 2005–06 with 29 appearances and scoring three goals. His recurring knee injury was confirmed to be severe patella tendinitis, which resulted in him being unfit for the start of 2006–07. He made his return to action in a friendly against Staveley Miners Welfare in August and made his first league appearance of the season in a 4–0 defeat to Nottingham Forest on 2 September 2006 after coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute. He scored the winner for Chesterfield in the Football League Trophy against Oldham Athletic with a diagonal shot from distance. <mask> suffered from a knee injury in March 2007, which resulted in him undergoing surgery that ruled him out for the remainder of the 2006–07 season; in which he made

masks: Smith Smith


texts:
 17 appearances and scored one goal, while Chesterfield were relegated to League Two. His severe tendinitis affected him in September, and eventually made his return in a 2–1 defeat to Tranmere Rovers in the FA Cup first round on 10 November.He was sent out on loan at League Two club Lincoln City for a month on 4 January 2008 and made his debut for the team a day later, helping set up the first goal in a 2–0 victory over Rochdale, after Jamie Forrester scored from goalkeeper Sam Russell's parry of a <mask> effort. He made four appearances during his stay at Lincoln, all as a substitute, which was concluded after Lincoln decided against extending his loan at the club. Gainsborough Trinity and York City

<mask> was released by Chesterfield after he was not offered a new contract at the end of 2007–08. He trialled with Darlington of League Two, but was told by manager Dave Penney he was not what they were looking for. He then had a trial with newly relegated Conference Premier club Wrexham and eventually signed a contract with Gainsborough Trinity of the Conference North in late August. <mask> made a goalscoring debut for Gainsborough with the team's goal in a 1–1 draw at home to Vauxhall Motors on 30 August. He joined York City in the Conference Premier on loan on 27 November, becoming Martin Foyle's first signing as manager, in a deal that would expire on 6 January 2009.<mask> made his debut after coming on as a 63rd-minute substitute for Craig Farrell in a 1–1 draw with Salisbury City. His first goal came after scoring the opener for York with a close range finish in a 3–1 victory over Ebbsfleet United. Following this, Foyle stated his intention of extending <mask>'s loan at York. <mask> said he was looking to join the club on a permanent contract and that Gainsborough manager Steve Charles would allow him to leave for a club in a higher division on a free transfer. However, a move to York stalled in January as Gainsborough were holding out

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 for a fee, although Foyle refused to pay this. York eventually made an offer of a quarter of Gainsborough's asking price, which was rejected. He signed for York permanently on 26 January for an undisclosed fee on a contract until the end of 2009–10 season.His first appearance after returning came as a 74th-minute substitute in a 1–1 draw against Altrincham on 27 January. A bruised foot picked up in a reserve-team match meant he was unable to play for York against Grays Athletic in April. He was forced into missing some matches towards the end of 2008–09 due to concerns over his baby daughter, which he finished with 17 appearances and two goals for York. <mask> made his first appearance of 2009–10 after being introduced as an 86th-minute substitute against Rushden & Diamonds on 11 August, the second match of the season, which finished as a 0–0 draw. In the following match, he came on in the 87th minute and played as a striker, scoring York's second goal in a 2–0 victory over Forest Green Rovers. Soon after this match, he suffered from sciatica during a training session. He featured as a substitute in York's play-off semi-final first leg victory over Luton Town, which finished 1–0, with the tie ending 2–0 on aggregate.After finishing the season with 34 appearances and two goals for York he entered negotiations with the club over a new contract. Mansfield Town and Lincoln City
He eventually turned down talks with York and agreed to sign a one-year contract with fellow Conference team Mansfield Town on 19 May. On signing, <mask> said "It was time for a change after not getting as much football as I would have liked. I'm still young, Mansfield are going in the right direction and I'm excited about the new season". He made his debut in the opening match of 2010–11, a 3–1 victory over Forest Green, and was substituted in the 80th minute. <mask> scored his first goal for Mansfield in a 4–0 victory over Altrincham on 30 August. A red card in the 61st

masks: Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 minute of a 1–0 defeat away to Gateshead on 2 October for a high challenge resulted in a three match suspension.He finished the season with 38 appearances and six goals. Having been restricted to three appearances as a substitute for Mansfield in 2011–12, <mask> joined League Two club Aldershot Town on a one-month loan on 7 October 2011. He returned to Mansfield on 10 November to receive treatment for a slight back strain, before re-signing for Aldershot on loan until 7 January 2012 on 23 November. <mask> signed for Conference rivals Lincoln City on a one-year contract on 21 June 2012. He made his debut after starting Lincoln's 1–0 victory over Kidderminster Harriers on 11 August 2012, which was the team's opening match of 2012–13. He finished the season with 37 appearances and two goals. Later career
<mask> joined newly promoted Conference club FC Halifax Town on 2 July 2013, making his debut in their 5–1 defeat away to Cambridge United in the opening match of 2013–14 on 11 August.He signed for Halifax's National League rivals Wrexham on 18 June 2015. On 5 November 2015, he joined their divisional rivals Guiseley on loan until January 2016. <mask> made a positive impact in eight appearances while on loan, which led to Guiseley signing him permanently on 5 January 2016. <mask>'s time at Guiseley was short-lived and he signed with Alfreton Town on 5 October 2016. Making his debut in a National League North match away to F.C. United of Manchester, <mask> scored two goals in a 4–3 defeat. He re-signed for National League North club Gainsborough Trinity on 5 January 2018.He made his only appearance the next day as a half-time substitute in a 4–0 defeat away to Blyth Spartans, before signing for Gainsborough's divisional rivals Bradford Park Avenue on 26 January 2018. He was released at the end of 2017–18. <mask> signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Matlock Town on 30 July 2018. He left the club on 3 October 2018 after talks

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


texts:
 with manager Dave Frecklington. <mask> signed for Northern Premier League Premier Division club Grantham Town on 6 February 2019 as a player-coach, working under managers Russ Cousins and Paul Rawden. <mask> made his debut six days later when starting in a 2–1 home win of South Shields in the league. He made five appearances as Grantham finished in 18th place in the 2018–19 Northern Premier League Premier Division.He was appointed as player-assistant manager on 27 September 2019 before leaving the club on 27 February 2020 alongside Cousins and Rawden. <mask> had made 11 appearances and scored 1 goal in all competitions by the time the 2019–20 season was abandoned and results expunged because of the COVID-19 pandemic in England. Style of play
<mask> is a right winger who has also played on the left, although in this position his crossing ability is reduced. He has been described as a "flying winger", whose play is "raiding" and "foraging". He is also capable of playing as a striker. Personal life
<mask> was born in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, and grew up as a supporter of hometown club Huddersfield Town and Manchester United. After leaving Chesterfield, he started studying a course in sports massage therapy.In January 2017, he received a suspended prison sentence when found guilty of fraud. Career statistics

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Footballers from Huddersfield
English footballers
Association football wingers
Chesterfield F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Gainsborough Trinity F.C. players
York City F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C.players
FC Halifax Town players
Wrexham A.F.C. players
Guiseley A.F.C. players
Alfreton Town F.C. players
Bradford (Park Avenue) A.F.C. players
Matlock Town F.C. players
Grantham Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
Black British sportspeople
Association football

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
<mask> (Persian: عبدالله مهتدی; Kurdish Soran: عەبدوڵڵا موهتەدی) is the leader and secretary general of Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan. He was born in 1949 in the city of Bukan, western Iran and after starting his political career, he has been since playing a prominent role in the Kurdish resistance struggle against the Iranian regime. <mask> is also a member of the board of Iran's Transitional Council (ITC). In the international media, <mask> is known as a political analyst of the Middle East, especially ongoing affairs of Iran and Iranian Kurdistan. He is also a well-known political figure in Iran and Kurdistan whose political activity has lasted for more than 50 years. <mask>'s ideas for a social-democratic Komala calls for a “democratic secular pluralist federal Iran,” civil liberties, human rights and above all, social democracy. This idea has focused on regime change in Iran rather than establishing a Kurdish state with concentration on forming a united front of all ethnic groups while mobilizing Iran’s Kurdish population.Biography

Summary
<mask>'s father moved to Tehran when the Republic of Mahabad failed. <mask> soon got his bachelor's degree in business from the University of Tehran. As a teenager, <mask> was very interested in poetry, but after a while, he turned to politics and in a short time he became one of the political figures of Iran, especially in Kurdistan. In the late 1960s, a revolutionary movement was launched in Iranian Kurdistan by some of the political activists of the time like Suleiman Moini, Ismail Sharifzadeh, Mala Aware and <mask>'s family which was closely associated with the movement, especially his older brother, Salahadin. This movement had such a profound effect on the formation of <mask>'s future that when it

masks:
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdulla Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdullah
Abdullah Mohtadi
Mohtadi
Mohtadi
Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts: unfortunately failed, he decided to continue the movement in alternate ways with the help of like-minded friends. <mask> is one of the exponents of the left movement in Iranian Kurdistan, and in the 1960s and 1970s, he and his some friends ultimately created a leftist organization in Iranian Kurdistan and took it to hiding, away from the Shah's security service. This secret organization participated in the 1979 Islamic revolution and established its political party form in March 1979. ht alongside the PDKI and other groups during the Kurdish rebellion in 1979 and 1980.The group went into exile in Iraq in 1983 but it still managed to suspend many attacks against Iran in the early 1990s. In September 1983, the group underwent organizational changes and formed itself as an communist party, eventually joining Communist Party of Iran, as its Kurdish wing. But <mask> had serious criticisms of the Communist Party of Iran which brought him the conclusion that the Communism is in no shape or form stands an ability to meet the demands of the Kurdish people, especially in Iranian Kurdistan. For this reason, in 2000, he and a number of his fellow party members reformed and armed the Komala Party and officially left the Communist Party of Iran. <mask>'s family is known for its long active status in Kurdish politics. Growing up in a famous family for <mask> was full of memories of being visited by many people, most of which were politicians, poets and writers all over of Iran and Kurdistan. The <mask> family was indeed an influential one with great wealth and stature.The father of the family, Haji Abdul Rahman aghai Ilkhanizadeh was a minister in the Kurdish Republic of Mahabad in 1946; he moved to Tehran when the Republic of Mahabad failed. in the 1950s he changed

masks: Mohtadi Mohtadi Mohtadi Abdullah Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 the family name to <mask>, teaching [Sunni] theology at the University of Tehran. At these times, there were only two Sunni theologians teaching at the university, both of them being Kurds. The other one was Molla Mahmmud Mofti, <mask>’s eldest son and Ahmad Moftizadeh’s father. Aside from their career, the two fellow professors were close to one another out of the doors of the university and when Ahmad Moftizadeh followed his father to Tehran in 1958, he also developed close relations with the <mask> family and ended up marrying Abdul Rahman’s daughter, Khadijah, thereby further cementing the ties between both families. Abdul Rahman’s sons Salahadin and Abdollah, who had grown up in Tehran, gradually turned away from the religions of their fathers to the powerfully growing ideas of Marxism. They were to become leaders of the radical left Kurdish movement of Komala, which in 1979 clashed with Moftizadeh.Early life and the political flow of the time
<mask> was born in Bukan in 1949 and moved to Tehran as a child at the request of his father. <mask>'s father was a member of the Komala J.K and had been active in the party for a long time. After the establishment of the Republic of Mahabad, he was elected as Minister and after the defeat of the newly established government, the family moved to Tabriz, but shortly they decided to settle in Tehran, where the man of the family was teaching at the University of Tehran. Before <mask> was born, political activity in Iran and Kurdistan was highly inflamed. In Kurdistan, the Republic of Mahabad was defeated and Qazi Muhammad, the leader of this republic, was executed and most of the politicians were already either executed or imprisoned and a few managed to escape to Iraqi Kurdistan. The Shah military power was

masks:
Mohtadi
Abdullah Mofti
Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Mohtadi
Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 able to take control of Kurdistan and as well as the neighboring region of Azerbaijan, where the Republic of Azerbaijan had suffered to the same fate as the Republic of Mahabad. With Mossadegh in office from 1951 until 1953, political activity became more open.Gradually, political activists were able to reach out to people working in Iraqi Kurdistan and revitalize their political bonds. This process continued until the king stood against the people with all his might and the fall of Mossadegh's government which implicated in to the disruption of the political activity in Kurdistan again. Education
<mask> was growing in this period, in a home where the flow of the political debate was a never-ending regularity. After the removal to Tehran, <mask> was soon in elementary school at Alborz School and soon after graduating from high school, he went to the University of Tehran where he began studying business. After getting his bachelor's degree in business from the university, young <mask> was very interested in poetry, but after a while he turned in to politics and by a short time, he was on the road to becoming one of the political figures of Iran, especially in Kurdistan. Accordingly, <mask>'s father was often a supportive character to young <mask>, respecting his intellect and integrity. By his third year in college, <mask>'s increasingly vocal expressions of Marxist ideas were not just a matter of casual interest, but rather an engaging agenda in his family complex political subjects.Naturally, they debated the various facets of subjects like class struggle, tribal heritage and social advancement in Kurdistan, and the proper role of religion in society. However, cultural and familial tradition dictated that the tone of the conversation never truly

masks: Mohtadi Abdullah Abdullah Mohtadi Abdullah Abdullah


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 resembled an adversarial debate. Together with a group including <mask> and six other Kurdish students who were living in Tehran such as Foad Mostafa Soltani, Mosleh Sheikh-alislam, Shoib Zakaryai, Sedigh Kamangar and Mohammad Husein Karimi, <mask> decided to risk his life for those ideas. On October 27, 1969, in a secret initiation meeting in Tehran, he narrates that he became a founding member of the Komala party. His membership and activities with Komala were completely underground and not shared outside of the small group of member-activists as he continued his studies at the university. Kurdistan in 1960s
Political activity in Kurdistan was severely repressed in the 1960s. Again, most political activists had sought refuge in Iraqi Kurdistan.Most of them, along with Mullah Mustafa Barzani, continued their activities and contributed to Barzani's movement and struggles. <mask>'s older brother Salahedin was associated with most of these movements in Kurdistan. After a while, a dispute broke out between these political activists in Kurdistan. These differences led a group of them to organize themselves in a new way to fight the Shah's regime again. The group chose the name "Revolutionary Committee of the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran". This group included Suleiman Moini, Mullah Avara, Suleiman Sharifzadeh who had direct contact with the <mask> family, especially Salahedin. In 1967, unfortunately, the group lost all its members, most of whom were killed against the Shah's regime.In Tehran, as in Kurdistan, there was a lot of covert political activity, with the majority of them visiting the <mask> family in Tehran. In 1968, the Siahkal incident took place in northern Iran, and most of these guerrillas were defeated. These activities had a great

masks: Mohtadi Mohtadi Abdullah Mohtadi Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 impact on the formation of <mask>. While studying at the University of Tehran, he and his friends decided to shape the patterns of a new party that could prepare itself to fight and use this experience of defeat. Career

<mask> founded Komala with fellow students in Tehran in October 1969. The year 1969 marks the founding date of the Komala Party. With the new party being alive, now <mask> and his fellow party members should put the best of their efforts to hide their track from the eyes of SAVAK.They decided to cut off the extra communications that would lead to their arrest, following the decision to refrain from further discussions in political circles. Because the <mask> family was known to the eyes, both in Kurdistan and Tehran, their homes were always a place for surveillance by SAVAK. During this time, <mask>'s older brother, Salahedin arrested several times by SAVAK to force young and passionate <mask> more careful and not to take risks aimlessly. With all of the incidents, at this exact period <mask> knew well that the Shah's regime would deal severely with any political move in existence, by remembering the lessons of the Kurdish movement in the 60's. They had to consider all aspects of their activities and further try to bring this party into the populace and the support of the populace into the party, so that at the right time, they can wage an armed endeavor against the Shah's regime. Mohtadi in 1970s

Despite all the efforts to remain in secrecy, in the 1970s, <mask> was arrested three times; with his last arrest, <mask> sentenced to spent more than three years in imprisonment for his activism against the shah regime. Lastly, after the failure of SAVAK to provide any evidence regarding <mask>'s political actions being, he released from

masks: Abdullah Mohtadi Mohtadi Mohtadi Abdullah Abdullah Mohtadi Mohtadi Abdullah Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts: prison and now, his party should cope with its most important era of the pre-Islamic Revolution Iran.After his finale release from the prison, <mask> and his friends was gathering around every week to discuss the progress of their agenda. They contacted so many people and characters but they never directly asked anyone to engage in active fields. As for the newcomers, they were making sure of their commitment just before their engagement to the party. After a while, they decided that their activity among the students should split into two separate groups, one active in Tabriz and the other one active in Tehran. A group with <mask>, including Foad Mustafa Sultani, Mohammad Husein Karimi and Mosleh Sheikkhol-islami expanded their activities in Tehran. Through this process, <mask> and his friends were able to attract many people for their own gain without absorbing the SAVAK's attention. Soon after, with the arrival of member's like Jafar Shafiee, Khane Moini, Ibrahim Alizadeh, Faroq Babamiri, Omar Ilkhanizadeh, Abobakr Modaresi etc.the period of <mask> and his friends' activity enters a new phase. Now they were able to expand the field of their sets of duty in other cities of Kurdistan and attract more people to themselves and their collective idea. Soon most of the elites across cities of Kurdistan were coming alongside the slogans of the new agenda. Most of the people they brought with them were students, teachers, engineers, physicians and nurses in Kurdistan. Now there were active people in almost all cities of Kurdistan. Nevertheless the challenge for <mask> and his friends was how to position themselves among all classes of Kurdish society, especially the labor and peasants. In order to accomplish this goal, they had to understand the reality of life

masks:
Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdullah
Mohtadi
Abdullah


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 of this very class of Kurdish society; so they set the simple idea of "we must be like them; to work like them, to dress and to behave just like them in daily life."With this simple idea in place their comprehension of the labor class came to a more comprehensive recognition, and furthermore, they could gain their trust for the upcoming endeavor against the Shah's regime. <mask> and his friends were now pursuing exactly the same policy, with each one of them involved in construction, agriculture and even baking working in different villages and cities of Kurdistan. The implication of all the efforts, enabled them to create a large brotherhood throughout Kurdistan. Interestingly enough, as <mask> was arrested by SAVAK for the third time in 1974 with Foad Mostafa Soltani and Khane Moini, the undergoing network of resistance was still functional and they continued to maintain contact with organizations outside the prison. At this time, important events were to take place in Iraqi Kurdistan, affecting the stir of <mask> and his friends. In 1975, the Algerian treaty was signed between the Shah and Saddam Hussein, resulting in The

Shah's support regarding Barzani to stop. Barzani was forced to come to Tehran and settle in Karaj and a year later, in 1976, this time Mam Jalal led another uprising against Saddam Hussein and started a guerrilla war against Saddam.The chains of action were causing a desperate need of help for him, but the Shah did not support them. On the other side, Saddam also had complete control over Iraqi Kurdistan, and in practice, Mam Jalal could not have hoped for much help from the people of Iraqi Kurdistan. Mam Jalal and his friends were drowning in disparity after a while, because the Peshmerga had lost several fights against Saddam.

masks:
Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 Ways to help the Peshmergas of the patriotic Union of Kurdistan were getting narrower and narrower. Through Salahedin <mask>, <mask>'s older brother, <mask> realized the situation of Mam Jalal and his friends in Iraqi Kurdistan and immediately shares the emergency to Kak Foad, whom was unofficially considered as the leader of the organization at the time. At the end they all agreed upon a call of an emergency help for Jalal Talabani and his Peshmerga forces which finally led to a campaign to raise a lot of donations for Mam Jalal and his Peshmergas throughout the people of the cities and villages. These donations were sent to Mam Jalal by Jafar Shafi'i and Sa'ad vatandoust.With the amount of receiving helps, a catastrophic defeat was prevented and the Iraqi Kurdish movement moved on. As for <mask> and his companions, now they were closely acquainted with the experience of the Iraqi Kurdish movement which further on helped them a lot on their journey in Iranian Kurdistan. Between the years of 1977 and 1978 Komala was officially founded. In the autumn of 1978, when Kak Foad was released from prison, <mask> and his friends decided to reorganize their organization to the world. Therefore, they met in the fall in Sanandaj. This was not the end of their discussion about their organization. For their own security, they were forced to continue their gathering to the city of Naqadah.When their discussions were over, three members were introduced as the leaders of the organization; Foad Mustafa Soltani, <mask> <mask> and Sa'ed vatandoust. Later on, this gathering will be recognized as the first congress of Komala. "Jamiyat"s in Kurdistan

In the years leading to the 1979 revolution, the Shah's regime arrested large groups of political activists. Social and

masks: Mohtadi Abdullah Abdullah Abdullah Mohtadi Abdulla Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 political movements had become difficult to run, but still in universities, students occasionally demonstrated and protested against the Shah's policies. Upon their release from the prison, <mask>, Kak Foad and Khane Moini decided to expand their organization under the name of "Jamiyat" which its literal translation to English is "union". For this reason, they set up "Jamiyat"s in all cities of Kurdistan. Sometimes several "Jamiyat"s were set up in a city.The first camp in Sanandaj started under the name of "Jamyat-e- Defa az Azadi va Enqlab". In English, it means: "The union for the Defense of Freedom and Revolution". They were able to organize the "Jamiyat"s well and provide a platform for them. The "Jamiyat" had a coordination council which its members consisted of representatives of each "Jamiyat". The council also elected an executive group. This board had three members: <mask>, Farouq Babamiri and Saddiq Kamangar. Saddiq Kamangar also wrote an autonomy plan for Kurdistan when he represented the "Jamiyat".Iranian Revolution 1979
In the absence of the Democratic Party among the people of Kurdistan, <mask> and his friends were able to expand their organization. Most of the demonstrations against the Shah's regime were organized by Komala. Those who were able to communicate with the people in all cities, villages and neighborhoods of Kurdistan under the name of the "Jamiyat" could easily organize demonstrations. In one of the anti-regime demonstrations in Saqqez, a prominent member of the organization named Mohammad Husein Karimi, in which he took an active part, was wounded by the forces of the Shah's regime. A few days after the incident, on February 17, 1979, he died in hospital due to the depth of his wounds. <mask> and his friends decided that

masks:
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts: they should no longer be in hideout. Thereby they revealed their organization to the eyes of the public.From this date on, they officially continued their political activities under the name of Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan. Mohammad or Hama Husein Karimi was from a famous family in Saqqez. He had a bachelor degree in electronics from the University of Tabriz and he was in charge of the Saqez "Jamiyat". Hama Husein Karimi was working as a builder in Sardasht under the pseudonym of "Wasta Saleh". He was one of the most active political figures in Kurdistan. Immediately after the revolution, the Komala found much support among young, educated urban people attracted by its radicalism. It was at this time that Khomeini had returned from exile in central Iran, Tehran.The Shah's regime had fallen, and most of the Shah's men had either been imprisoned or had escaped. Many political parties and groups were formed, most of which was supporting Khomeini and rallied around Khomeini. The revolution had won and the king had fled. Almost all the provinces of Iran were associated with Khomeini. Among them were only Kurdish cities that viewed Khomeini and his policies with skepticism. Kurdish parties and political activists in Kurdistan have decided to demand autonomy for Kurdistan from the newly established Khomeini-led government in Iran. Khomeini did not accept this request for pain and strongly rejected it.Khomeini called on Kurds and Kurdish parties to accept his leadership and renounce autonomy for Kurdistan. Now <mask> and his friends, who worked under the name of Komala, had to make a decision. Komala and other Kurdish political parties did not accept Khomeini's request and did not participate in the constitutional referendum. Khomeini ordered jihad against


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts: the Kurdish people in Kurdistan. The Khomeini regime poured into Kurdistan with all its armed forces. Komala and other Kurdish parties were deeply upset by Khomeini's move. They decided to resist the armed forces of the Khomeini regime.In the first stage, the armed forces of the Khomeini regime were defeated. The Khomeini regime, under the pretext that we want to negotiate, delayed for several months so that they could reorganize their forces. When they were able to organize their armed forces, they attacked Kurdistan again. Unfortunately, on September 30, 1979, Kak Foad was killed in a war with the Khomeini regime. He was killed by the Islamic regime's armed forces between Saqqez and Marivan. The killing of Kak Foad has a very bad effect on <mask>. <mask> had lost his best friend.Kak Foad, who had been with <mask> since the founding of the Komala in 1969, had now been assassinated. The killing of Kak Foad had a bad effect on all the Komala organizations. Komala had lost one of his best leaders. During 1979-1980, Komala fought alongside another principal Iranian Kurdish armed group, the Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI). The uprising was a response to the wave of Kurdish nationalism following the Iranian Revolution, a perceived opportunity to gain increased autonomy not available under the Shah, the relative disorganization and chaos surrounding the establishment of the Islamic Republic, as well as other armed uprisings against the Mullahs. The Kurds had been effectively excluded from the new constitution with no provision for autonomy. The uprising started in March 1979 when Kurds seized police and military barracks in the towns of Sanandaj, Paveh, Divandarreh, Saqqez, and Mahabad.It then morphed into a wide-scale uprising across northwestern

masks:
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah Mohtadi


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 Kurdish majority areas of Iran, which resulted in the brutal suppression and deaths of approximately 6,200 Kurds. In 1983, Komala decides, with the left parties and groups in Iran, the Iranian Communist Party to establish. One of the most prominent people they invited was Mansour Hikmat. After many meetings and conferences, they were able to establish the Communist Party of Iran. <mask>, Komala’s leader, became its secretary-general. He became the leader of the Communist Party of Iran. In this way, they wanted to find allies in Iran for Komala.In 1988, <mask> and his friends came to the conclusion that the establishment of the Communist Party had failed to achieve its targets. They wanted to fundamentally reconsider the Communist Party. At this time, <mask> was criticizing the Communist Party. Komala Party
The group splintered again in 2000. One branch, the Komala Social Democrat Party of Iran, which also calls itself Komala, is still Social Democrat. A few years ago, <mask> took serious criticism of the policies of the Communist Party of Iran and again criticized the policies of this party. Unfortunately, these criticisms were not viewed positively in the Communist Party, which led to sharp divisions within the party.After many and long talks, <mask> and his associates were forced to leave the Communist Party of Iran and revive Komala with the slogan of rebuilding Komala. From this date, <mask> and his friends in the reconstruction of Komala, tried to take a realistic path by criticizing their own past. Therefore, reforms in the party began, they were able in a very short time, many people inside and outside Kurdistan with them. Komala has clashed with Iranian forces, but since the 1990s it has primarily used its Peshmerga fighters to defend training

masks:
Abdullah Muhtadi
Abdullah Mohtadi
Abdullah
Mohtadi
Mohtadi
Abdullah


title: Abdulla Mohtadi

texts:
 camps and Kurdish settlements in Iraq. Some of its fighters joined the fight against ISIS in Iraq in 2014. For the past few years, <mask> and his Party (Iranian Kurdistan's Komala Party) has taken the lead in trying to unify these different groups behind the idea of replacing Iran's clerical regime with a decentralized federal government whose constitution will safeguard the rights of the country's ethnic minorities. Komala of Iran, which also calls itself Komala, describes itself as a party closer to the ideals of the Social Democrats.Posts

Originator of the Komala Party (1969)

Central Committee of Komala (1979)

Secretary General of Komala (1980)

Secretary General of the Communist Party (1983)

Secretary General of Komala (2000)

Secretary of the Transitional Council Iran (2019)

See also
 <mask>di Remarks
 Interview with Mr. <mask>, the Secretary General of the Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan
 The Kurds and the Green Movement
 Regime change in Iran task for its people: Iranian Opposition Leader
 International Business Times
 Iran has engaged in murder campaign against Kurds
 Islamic regime ‘are oppressors and liars’

Books
1. مقدمه ای بر گسست و گذار

2. شۆرش لە سەردەمی نوێدا

References

Iranian Kurdish people
Komala Party of Iranian Kurdistan politicians
Iranian Kurdistan
Iranian dissidents
Mahabad
People from Bukan
1949 births
Living

masks:
Mohtadi
Abdullah Mohta
Abdullah Mohtadi