title: Amulo

texts: Yeshu and Hebrew bible, and cites scripture to support his argument. Secondly, <mask> provides a critique of Jewish scholars Josephus and Philo. He then goes further, describing the “ill behaviour” of the Judaic people in the Frankish Empire; most of which was directly taken from Agobard's writings. He concludes Contra Judaeos with a caution to all Christians, and uses historical examples to set a leading precedent for Charles the Bald. In his Epistula, <mask> carefully lays out his theological argument against Jewish scripture.Christianity was not valued as a legitimate denomination in these texts; it was merely seen as a deviation from the true Jewish faith. Apostles were openly called “apostates” and the Gospel was being taught as “the revelation of iniquity” or havongalion by Jewish priests. The Toledot Yeshu and other Jewish works also contested the legitimacy of Jesus's birth, and these claims are addressed in great detail by <mask>. Primarily, two versions of the Messiah are addressed in the Contra Judaeos. The first attests that Jesus was merely a descendant of King David; he was later enslaved and kept chained to a cave wall outside of Rome. Attended by a Jewish doctor named Joshua ben Levi, the wounded man transforms into an old sage. He carries a sapphire stone, and promises to distribute such stones among the people once he has liberated them.The second asserts that the Messiah is a man called Ben Ephraim, or son of Joseph, destined to perish in combat against Gog and Magog. <mask> deconstructs


title: Amulo

type: original

texts: both heresies, citing both from the Old Testament and Hebraic texts. <mask> notes that the Toledot re-words lines of the Vulgate bible, specifically Isaiah 53:5 and Zechariah 12:10, to support their claim. The Carolingians were instrumental in standardizing the Vulgate; this often involved cross-referencing with Hebrew scripture. Florus was active in revising the psalter used at Lyon, and cites "the Septuagint, Jerome, and 'The Books of the Hebrews'" in his revisions. Amulo also cites Jerome in his Contra Judaeos, who interpreted Ezekiel 4:4–6 to say that the first captivity should have been limited to 430 years; only half of the estimate that Amulo gives. He also cites Scripture to provide evidence against the Jewish re-telling of Christ's crucifixion, specifically referring to the time of day.<mask>'s attention to detail makes it clear that the anti-Christian polemic had a strong public presence in Lyon, and was sufficiently influential to warrant his concern. The Contra Judaoes was an opportunity for <mask> to deconstruct the many Jewish and anti-Christian texts that were in circulation during his time; it is also a testament to the breadth of his scholarship. He routinely cites the Church Fathers, including Augustine, Jerome, and Pope Gregory the Great. He also uses historical precedents to support his argument, including the laws of Theodosius I, Valentinus, Constantine, and Childebert I. He mentions the conversion of the Jews by King Sisebut in 612, and notes that Pope Gregory praised King Reccared

masks: Amulo Amulo Amulo


title: Amulo

texts:
 for his anti-Jewish laws (see The Third Council of Toledo). It is clear that <mask> did not intend to convert Jews, but to fully remove them from the empire: citing St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans, he insists that Christians may “mourn” Jews, but should not try to “save them.”

LettersEpistula ad Gothescalcum monachum or "Letter to Monk Gottschalk" (850–851) (PL 119:422; MGH Epist. 5, 1898-9/1978, 368–78) addressed seven theses of Gottschalk of Orbais.An anonymous postscript entitled "Grace of God" or Opusculum Gratiamitque Dei has led some scholars to believe the work was written by Florus of Lyon, although both the letter and opusculum are ascribed to <mask>. The letter mostly focuses on the debate of predestination. According to the letter, Gottschalk's writings were being circulated both among the dioceses and the public; his treatises also attacked bishops who were present at the 849 Council of Quierzy.Epistula ad imperatorem de babtizandis Hebraeis or "Letter to the Hebrews on Baptism" (816, 822/825) (PL 119:422; MGH Epist. 5, 1898/1978, 239) was addressed either to Louis the Pious or to his son Lothair, and serves as an addendum to a list of canonical laws compiled by Florus of Lyon. Sources make the date of composition or authorship unclear: it has been attributed to both <mask> and Remigius. Attempts at dating the letter suggest it may have been written earlier by Agobard, or yet remains anonymous.Epistula ad Teodboldum Lingonensem episcopum or "Letter to Theutbald Bishop of Langres" (841–844)


title: Amulo

texts: (PL 116:77–84; MGH Epist. 5 1898-9/1978, 363–8) was written to Theutbald I regarding false relics which were being transferred from Italy to Dijon.Contra Judaeos: Epistula contra Iudaeos ad Calorum regem, Liber contra Judaeos ad Carolum regemor or "Letter Against Jews to King Charles" (843–846) (PL 116:141-84; MGH Epist. 5 1898-9/ 1978, 361 n. 6) was first published under the name of Rabanus Maurus, in a Paris manuscript which is now archived in the Bibliothèque Nationale in France. It contains sixty chapters, some of which resemble direct copies from Agobard. It would likely have been compiled by Florus, but largely attributes its authorship to <mask>. For a more comprehensive summary of Contra Judaeos, see the above section. OpusculumOpusculum "Gratiam itaque Dei" or "The Grace of God" (PL 116:97–100; also 116:101–106) dates around the same period as both the Epistula ad Gothescalcum and Sententiae ex libris Augustini. Found without an attribution, its association with the aforementioned letters implies it was penned either by <mask> or Florus.It emphasises the grace of God and discusses both free will and predestination; it also iterates the promise of salvation for Christians and references the work of St Augustine.Opusculum "Omnipotens Deus" or "Almighty God" (849) (PL 116:97–100; also listed under Florus: PL 119:95–102; 125:57–9) is dated just after Gottschalk of Orbais was condemned at Quierzy. It is written as a response to an unknown man regarding the issue of predestination and free will. It is

masks: Amulo Amulo


title: Amulo

texts:
 included in the Patrologia Latina with <mask>'s edits, and prefaces a work by Hincmar of Reims entitled On Predestination. Two copies of this text were in circulation – one of which has been attributed to Archbishop Herribald of Auxerre (828–57) and the other to Florus of Lyon.Sententiae ex libris Augustini or "Arguments from the works of Augustine" (PL 116:105-40) contains twenty-two chapters commentating on the works of St. Augustine, specifically focusing on predestination and the will of God. It is included in the Patrologia Latina among <mask>'s other works, but could also have been written by Florus. Further reading
Albert, Bat-Sheva. “Adversus Iudaeos in the Carolingian Empire.” In Contra Iudaeos: Ancient and Medieval Polemics Between Christians and Jews, 119–142.Edited by Ora Limor and Guy Stroumsa. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1996. “<mask> Lugdunensis.” Clavis des auteurs latins du Moyen Âge, territoire francais, 735–987. Vol. 1. Edited by M. H. Jullien and F. Perelman, 143–147.Tournout: Brepols, 1994. Bachrach, Bernard S. Early Medieval Jewish Policy in Western Europe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977. Bobrycki, Shane. "The Flailing Women of Dijon: Crowds in Ninth-Century Europe." Past & Present 240, no. 1 (2018):  3–46.https://doi.org/10.1093/pastj/gty011
Bonfil, Robert. “Cultural and Religious Traditions in Ninth-Century French Jewry.” Jewish Intellectual History in the Middle Ages. BINAH Vol. 3. Edited by Joseph Dan, 1–17. London: Praeger, 1994. Genke, Victor and Gumerlock, Francis


title: Benny Gallagher

texts:
Bernard Joseph "<mask>" <mask> (born 10 June 1945, in Largs, Ayrshire) is a Scottish singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, most famous as half of the popular duo <mask> and Lyle. Career
The son of Irish parents, <mask> worked initially as a marine electrician in the shipyards of Glasgow. During this time, he also played bass guitar in local semi-professional beat group The Bluefrets, which featured Graham Lyle on lead guitar. <mask>'s first published song was "Mr Heartbreak's Here Instead", which he co-wrote with Andrew Galt. This was recorded as a single for EMI-Columbia in 1964 by Dean Ford and the Gaylords, the bulk of which later became chart-topping outfit Marmalade. Galt then made two singles for Pye, "Comes The Dawn" and "With My Baby", under the name James Galt; both were co-written and featured backing vocals by <mask> and Graham Lyle. In 1966, <mask> and Lyle – who by now had forged a songwriting partnership – moved to London in search of a publishing deal.Both continued to hold down day jobs, <mask> as an electrician and Lyle as a shipping clerk, while waiting for their big break. After an abortive contract with Polydor, which yielded one unsuccessful single, the pair joined Apple Corps as staff songwriters and wrote several songs for Mary Hopkin. <mask> and Lyle first hit the chart as performers in late 1970 as the leading lights of McGuinness Flint, a blues-rock band formed by ex-Manfred Mann guitarist Tom McGuinness. This band made two well-received albums and scored two Top 5 singles in Britain with "When I'm Dead and Gone" and "Malt and Barley Blues", before <mask> and Lyle left to work as a duo. <mask> was credited as <mask> on sheet music copies of early songs such as these, but later shortened his forename to avoid

masks:
Benny
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Bernard Gallagher


title: Benny Gallagher

texts: confusion with golfer Bernard Gallacher. Between 1972 and 1975, <mask> and Lyle made four albums for A&M: Gallagher and Lyle, Willie and the Lap Dog, Seeds and The Last Cowboy, all of which were produced by Glyn Johns, and met with favourable reviews. <mask> and Lyle also enjoyed a brief stint as members of Ronnie Lane's band Slim Chance, recording the album Anymore For Anymore with him and backing him on several TV appearances, including a slot on Top of the Pops to promote his hit single "How Come".It was not until 1976, however, that the duo hit the big time after teaming up with US producer David Kershenbaum on their gold-selling fifth album Breakaway. This set spawned two British Top 10 singles, "I Wanna Stay With You" and "Heart on My Sleeve", both of which also charted in the US; the latter song was covered successfully by Bryan Ferry. The album included "Stay Young", which Don Williams took to No.1 on the US C&W chart, while Art Garfunkel enjoyed a US Adult Contemporary No. 1 with the title song, "Breakaway". The duo's next album, Love on the Airwaves, also produced by Kershenbaum, went silver in the UK but yielded only one minor hit single, "Every Little Teardrop" which peaked at #32. Their final two albums, Showdown and Lonesome No More – the last of these issued on Mercury – failed to chart. They provided backing vocals on Elkie Brooks' minor hit cover of their song "The Runaway" in 1979, but this was their final chart appearance.<mask> and Lyle split in 1980, leaving behind an unreleased ninth album, Living on the Breadline. A song recorded for this set, "A Heart in New York", subsequently became a major US Adult Contemporary hit for Art Garfunkel in 1981. <mask> kept a low profile for much of the 1980s, but re-emerged in 1992

masks: Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher


title: Benny Gallagher

texts: as bassist with The Manfreds, a reconvention of 1960s Manfred Mann members and associates. He remained a member until 1999, touring all over the world with the band and appearing on a live album released in 1998. During his tenure in the band, he co-founded and served as chairman of the royalties campaigning body PAMRA, which was set up to ensure that musicians received a fair share of royalties from recordings and performances. After a spell with Dr Hook as bassist during 1999 and 2000, <mask> embarked on a solo career as a singer-songwriter, touring the folk club and festival circuits. He also held workshops all over the British Isles for aspiring songwriters, and was made a Companion of LIPA (Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts) by Paul McCartney in 2001 in recognition of his work as a songwriting coach at the college.In 2010, <mask> reunited with Lyle for two concerts in their former hometown of Largs in aid of Haylie House, a residential care home in the town. The pair subsequently re-formed and performed at two events in 2011: "The Big Gig" at Glasgow's Barrowland nightclub, alongside Marti Pellow, Jim Diamond and Midge Ure, and the MOARE Festival in Faversham, Kent, which was headlined by former Average White Band stalwart Hamish Stuart. In 2012, the duo undertook a sell-out tour of Scottish venues, under the banner of "The Homecoming Tour"; their 22-song set included all their British chart entries and both their US chart-toppers, as well as "A Heart in New York" and "Willie", in which <mask> used a harmonica on a harness. In March 2016, <mask> and Lyle performed together at the Belfast Nashville Songwriters' Festival. In November 2016, the duo performed for four nights at The Green Hotel in Kinross. The summer of 2017 saw the


title: Benny Gallagher

texts:
 duo perform as part of the 'Byre at The Botanics' season in St Andrews, and also at the Belladrum Festival in Inverness and the Albany Theatre in Greenock. In March 2018, the duo returned to Belfast to perform once more at the Belfast Nashville Songwriters' Festival.<mask> has released two solo albums on his own OnSong label: On Stage and At The Edge of the Wave. The latter set includes "Tusitala", a tribute to Robert Louis Stevenson; this song also appeared on the Greentrax CD The Great Tapestry of Scotland. Stage musical
Caledonia USA, a musical based on the songs of <mask> and Lyle, was staged in Largs in April 2016. Originally titled "When I'm Dead and Gone", it was subsequently retitled after a new song written specially for the show by <mask> and Lyle. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Diane have four children: Dillon, and Paul (twins) and Julian and Claire (twins). Both Dillon and Julian work in the music industry, the former as a producer and the latter as a songwriter, most notably for 5ive and Kylie Minogue. <mask> and <mask> became great-grandparents in 2013.Discography
See <mask> and Lyle
On Stage (2006, OnSong)
At The Edge of the Wave (2007, OnSong)

References

1945 births
Living people
21st-century Scottish male singers
Scottish singer-songwriters
Scottish multi-instrumentalists
Scottish people of Irish descent
Scottish male guitarists
Male bass guitarists
Scottish bass guitarists
Scottish pianists
Scottish keyboardists
Scottish accordionists
Scottish tenors
British mandolinists
British harmonica players
Fingerstyle guitarists
People from Largs
21st-century accordionists
British male pianists
21st-century pianists
20th-century Scottish male singers
The Manfreds members
McGuinness Flint members
British male

masks:
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Gallagher
Benny
Diane Gallagher
Gallagher


title: Niels Larsen Bruun

texts:
<mask> (10 July 1893 – 11 July 1970) was a Norwegian officer who served in the Royal Norwegian Navy for more than four decades. Bruun took part in neutrality protection duties during the First World War, seeing service on several naval vessels and assuming his first command. He continued his service in the inter-war years, teaching at naval schools in addition to shipboard service. At the outbreak of the Second World War Bruun again served on neutrality protection duties, commanding the destroyer . During the first day of the German invasion of Norway, Æger intercepted a German supply ship, which Bruun ordered sunk before he knew for certain if Norway was under attack by the Germans or the Allies. Bruun's own ship was sunk by German bombers the same day, with the surviving crew members dispersing two days later with instructions from Bruun to try to continue to fight. Bruun escaped German-occupied Norway in 1941, travelling east through Sweden, the Soviet Union, India, and the United States to join the exiled Norwegian forces in the United Kingdom.Remaining in the United Kingdom for the duration of the war, Bruun led units training personnel and officers for the exiled Royal Norwegian Navy. Returning to Norway at the end of the Second World War, Bruun worked in the administration of the post-war Royal Norwegian Navy. He concluded his career as a rear admiral (acting) in command of the northernmost Norwegian naval command. During the eight years he held his last command, he played an important role in the establishment of the naval component of the Norwegian Home Guard. Early and personal life
Bruun was born in Frederikshald, Norway, on 10


title: Niels Larsen Bruun

texts:
 July 1893. He was the son of the merchant Ludvig Otto Bruun and Magdalene <mask>. On 17 April 1920 Bruun married Haugesund-born Ingrid Sakkestad, three years his junior, in Haugesund.The couple had a daughter. Career
In 1912, Bruun joined the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy as a cadet no. 651. Becoming an officer in the Royal Norwegian Navy on 1 October 1915, Bruun saw service on neutrality protection patrols during the First World War, serving as a second lieutenant on the gunboat  from 9 October 1915 to 29 April 1916. After the end of the conflict, during which Norway remained neutral, he participated in minesweeping operations from 1918 to 1920. In November 1917, Bruun graduated from the Royal Norwegian Naval Academy and was promoted from second lieutenant to first lieutenant. From 1917 to 1920 he was in command of a torpedo boat.In the years that followed, he continued his military education with courses in torpedo warfare, naval gunnery and radio training. In the interwar period he served on Norwegian fishery protection vessels, torpedo boats, minelayers and coastal defence ships. He also served with the navigation department, the 1st Naval District Command and various training units. Amongst the ships on which Bruun served was the gunboat , where he served as a first lieutenant from 19 May 1931 to 1 October 1931. At the time, Sleipner was being used as a tender for the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service. In late 1931, Bruun served on the fishery protection vessel  during a cruise to Finnmark in the far north of Norway. On 1 July 1931 he was temporarily promoted to the rank of acting captain, a promotion which was made permanent in


title: Niels Larsen Bruun

texts:
 December 1933.In mid-1932 <mask> held command of the torpedo boat , and by 1933, he was the second-in-command at the Royal Norwegian Navy's torpedo school. He also worked part-time as a teacher at the Royal Norwegian Navy's mine warfare school. Second World War

At the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Norway declared itself neutral. To defend Norwegian territory from neutrality violations by the warring parties, the Royal Norwegian Navy mobilized. <mask> was put in command of the  , one of the four modern destroyers then in Norwegian service. He was also the commander of the 1st Destroyer Division, consisting of the destroyers Æger, , and . Initially Æger and the other ships of the 1st Destroyer Division were part of the 1st Naval District and were based in Kristiansand, in the south of Norway.The outbreak of the Finno-Soviet Winter War in late 1939 caused Bruun and the 1st Destroyer Division to be despatched to Northern Norway to protect Norwegian neutrality. With the end of the Winter War in March 1940, the warships then in Northern Norway were redeployed separately along the coast to carry out neutrality patrols. By April 1940, Bruun's destroyer Æger was deployed to the 2nd Naval District, based at Tananger and patrolling the coast between the port city of Stavanger and Haugesund. In addition to Æger, the area between Stavanger and Haugesund was guarded by the old destroyer , the torpedo boat Stegg, the patrol boat  and Motorboat no. 7. Aircraft from the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service and the Norwegian Army Air Service assisted in patrolling the coastline. German invasion
In the early hours of 8 April, Bruun was ordered to

masks: Bruun Bruun


title: Niels Larsen Bruun

texts: cargo on board Roda were heavy anti-aircraft guns and four 21 cm coastal artillery pieces meant to secure the Stavanger area once the Germans had seized it. Shortly after midnight on 9 April Bruun was alerted by the local police and customs officials of the presence of Roda.The officials were suspicious of the ship, as the crew claimed she was loaded with 7,000 tonnes of coke despite the ship appearing to be a passenger/cargo vessel and was riding high in the water for such a heavy cargo. The ship's hatches were blocked by being covered with coke, preventing inspection. The suspicion was further heightened by reports coming in of neutrality violations taking place in Eastern Norway. By 01:05 customs officers boarded Æger and conferred with Bruun about the situation. After meeting with the police, Bruun ordered an inspection of Roda. Before despatching a seven-strong boarding crew led by his second-in-command to Roda, Bruun was approached by the German consulate in Stavanger, whose representatives requested to be let on board the German ship, requests which Bruun rejected. Before boarding Roda, Bruun spoke with his commanding officer, Admiral Carsten Tank-<mask> on the telephone.<mask> supported Bruun's decision to inspect the German ship. <mask> also told Bruun to act on his own judgement in case the military situation escalated in Norway. The military commander in Stavanger, Colonel Gunnar Spørck, had also requested that Roda be inspected, as he feared the ship carried German troops, but his message never reached Bruun. While the boarding crew were away, Bruun received a message from the 2nd Naval District by radio, informing him that the

masks:
Nielsen
Tank Nielsen
Tank Nielsen


title: Niels Larsen Bruun

texts:
 "the father of the Naval Home Guard".Bruun was enthusiastic about expanding the Home Guard from a solely land-based force to one which included a branch that operated along the coast using requisitioned fishing vessels. Bruun provided the Naval Home Guard in his region with ample supplies of equipment, ammunition and explosives, and flexible rules of operation. This attitude set Bruun aside from many of his colleagues, who did not see a role for the Royal Norwegian Navy in cooperating with the Naval Home Guard. Bruun also promoted closer cooperation between the Naval Home Guard and the Norwegian Coast Guard in patrolling the coastline, and in inspecting and detaining fishing vessels operating in breach of Norwegian laws. In addition to his military work, Bruun wrote several journal articles on naval matters, including a 1936 article in the naval journal Norsk tidsskrift for sjøvesen detailing his views on the future role and disposition of aircraft in the Norwegian Armed Forces. In 1949 Bruun contributed two articles to the 60th anniversary book of the Stavanger Military Association, one on the naval strategic value of Rogaland and Stavanger, and another on his experiences as the commander of the destroyer Æger on 9 April 1940. In addition to military-oriented articles, Bruun in 1932 wrote a piece published in the newspaper Aftenposten, detailing his experiences celebrating Christmas in Finnmark in 1931, including a visit and performance by star boys on board his ship while at anchor in the town of Vardø.<mask> died in Oslo on 11 July 1970, and was buried at the cemetery Vestre gravlund in Oslo on 14 August 1970. Honours and awards
For his


title: Niels Larsen Bruun

texts:
 service in exiled Norwegian forces <mask> was awarded the Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal and the Defence Medal 1940–1945. In 1949 he received the St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch as further recognition for his wartime service, specifically for his efforts during the 1940 Norwegian Campaign. References
Notes

Citations

Bibliography

1893 births
1970 deaths
People from Halden
Royal Norwegian Naval Academy alumni
Royal Norwegian Naval Academy faculty
Norwegian schoolteachers
Norwegian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Royal Norwegian Navy personnel of World War II
Royal Norwegian Navy admirals
Norwegian non-fiction writers
Burials at Vestre gravlund
Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal with Oak Branch
20th-century non-fiction


title: Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)

texts:
<mask>'Brien (born 4 March 1984) is an Irish cricketer who plays for Ireland, Leinster and Railway Union Cricket Club and has played for several English county cricket clubs. He announced his retirement from 50 over format on 18th June 2021. He scored the fastest century ever in 50-over World Cup, coming from 50 balls against England on 2 March 2011. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Ireland's first ever Test match, against Pakistan, in May 2018, scoring the first Test century for Ireland men's cricket and becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to represent his country 300 times. O'Brien is an aggressive right-handed middle to lower order batsman and a right-arm medium-fast bowler. He made his One Day International (ODI) debut in 2006 in Ireland's inaugural match. O'Brien played for Nottinghamshire in 2009, and in 2010 was awarded a contract with Cricket Ireland, making him one of six players with a full-time contract with the board.He was the first player for Ireland to take 100 wickets in ODIs. In December 2018, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract by Cricket Ireland for the 2019 season. In January 2020, he was one of nineteen players to be awarded a central contract from Cricket Ireland, the first year in which all contracts were awarded on a full-time basis. In June 2021, O'Brien announced his retirement from ODI cricket, to allow him to focus on T20 and Test cricket. Personal life and education
<mask>'Brien was educated in Marian College, Ballsbridge. He has a degree in marketing and advertising. His brother Niall was also a member of the Irish team.Their father Brendan played 52 times for Ireland. His sister, Ciara, played for the Irish women's hockey team. Career

International breakthrough
<mask>'Brien represented Ireland in the Under-19s World Cup of 2004

masks:
Kevin Joseph O
Kevin O
Kevin O


title: Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)

texts: O'Brien was finally dismissed, he received a standing ovation. Both <mask>'Brien and Hamish Marshall became the first pair of batsmen to score centuries in a single T20. O'Brien also signed a contract to play in the first season of the Sri Lankan Premier League, which was scheduled to take place in late July and early August, however the competition was postponed until 2012, allowing O'Brien to spend more time at Gloucestershire. His stint with Gloucestershire also clashed with some of Ireland's international matches. Scotland hosted Ireland and Sri Lanka in July for a tri-series; Ireland's match against Sri Lanka was rained off and in the Scotland match O'Brien was dismissed off his first ball.After the internationals O'Brien returned to Gloucestershire, and again helped his team to victory over Middlesex, this time scoring 58 not out from 35 balls. Gloucestershire finished the Friend's Life t20 competition with four wins from sixteen matches, leaving them 8th out of nine teams in their group. O'Brien – who scored 365 runs from 14 matches, making him the club's second-highest run-scorer in the competition, just two runs behind Marshall – felt he had been consistent with the bat for Gloucestershire, but that his bowling had been underused. Such was O'Brien's effect on the team was that, along with batsman Paul Stirling, he was one of two Ireland players shortlisted for Associate and Affiliate Player of the Year at the 2011 ICC Awards. Although a full-strength team played against England in an ODI in August, county commitments meant many of Ireland's senior players were unavailable to play in the team's opening match of the 2011–13 Intercontinental Cup. With regular captain William Porterfield playing for Warwickshire and Trent Johnston who often stood in injured, O'Brien was chosen to lead Ireland against


title: Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)

texts:
 Namibia. He had led Ireland in one-day matches before, but this was the first time he had captained in first-class cricket.In October Ireland sent a seven-man squad captained by O'Brien to participate in the Hong Kong Sixes. At the start of 2012 O'Brien was made Ireland's vice captain, taking over the role from Trent Johnston. Soon after, Cricket Ireland increased the number of players with contracts from 15 to 23; O'Brien was one of four players to be given a category A contract. In February 2012 Ireland toured Kenya for an Intercontinental Cup match followed by two ODIs and two T20Is. During the tour O'Brien was fined 20% of his match fee for "using offensive language when leaving the field after being bowled". <mask>'Brien has signed for Gloucestershire County Club to play a single season in 2016 in all First-class, List A, and T20 and he is a List A specialist. Test cricket and beyond
In May 2018, he was named in a fourteen-man squad for Ireland's first ever Test match, which was played against Pakistan later the same month.He made his Test debut for Ireland, against Pakistan, on 11 May 2018, becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to appear in 300 matches for his country. He was the top scorer for Ireland in the first innings, with 40 runs. In the second innings of the match, he scored Ireland's first ever Test fifty, and then first ever Test century. Despite Ireland losing the Test by five wickets, O'Brien won the man of the match award for his batting performance. In January 2019, he was named in Ireland's squad for their one-off Test against Afghanistan in India. O'Brien recorded his second 50 in the second innings. In September 2019, he was named in Ireland's squad for the 2019 ICC T20 World Cup Qualifier tournament in the United Arab Emirates.Ahead of the tournament, the International Cricket


title: Adam Fox (ice hockey)

texts:
<mask> (born February 17, 1998) is an American professional ice hockey defenseman for the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL). <mask> was selected by the Calgary Flames, 66th overall, in the 2016 NHL Entry Draft. In 2021, <mask> won the James Norris Memorial Trophy as the NHL's best defenseman, joining Bobby Orr as the only two players in NHL history to win the award before their third NHL season. He played two seasons in the U.S. National Team Development Program, and finished with the record for the most assists in a single season (in 2015–16) and the most assists in a career (in 2014–16). He played collegiate ice hockey for Harvard University, leading all NCAA defensemen in the nation in assists and points in his freshman season, and leading all defensemen in the country in points per game and assists in his junior season. In June 2018, Calgary traded <mask>'s NHL rights to the Carolina Hurricanes, who traded them to the New York Rangers in April 2019. He left college a year early and made his NHL debut for the Rangers in 2019.In his rookie season, he tied for second among all NHL rookie defensemen in goals and was third in assists and points. Early life
<mask> was born in Jericho, New York, to parents Bruce and <mask> and raised in Jewish faith. His father was a New York Rangers season ticket holder. He has an older brother, Andrew, who is an investment banker. His nickname is "<mask>". He attended Jericho High School, and then Pioneer High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he played hockey, soccer, and lacrosse. Playing career

Early career
<mask> grew up playing for the Long Island Gulls of the Atlantic Youth Hockey League as a youth.He played two seasons (2014–16) in the U.S. National Team

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Adam Fox
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Tammy Fox
Foxy
Fox


title: Adam Fox (ice hockey)

texts:
 Development Program (USNTDP) in Plymouth, Michigan. During his final season in the program, he led all under-18 defensemen in goals, assists, and points. He finished his career with the record for the most assists in a single-season (59; in 2015–16), the most assists in a career (86; in 2014–2016), and the third-most points by a defenseman in USNTDP history. He was named the 2016 IIHF World U18 Championships Best Defenseman, to the 2016 U18 World Hockey Championships Media All-Star Team, and won a bronze medal at the 2016 Championships. Leading up to the 2016 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> was ranked 50th for North American Skaters in the final ranking by the NHL Central Scouting Bureau. He was drafted 66th overall by the Calgary Flames. College
<mask> attended Harvard University for three years, majoring in psychology.He had an immediate impact after joining Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team for the 2016–17 season. He led all NCAA defensemen in the nation, and ranked 4th among NCAA freshmen skaters with 40 points, led all NCAA defensemen and all NCAA freshmen skaters in assists with 34, and led all ECAC skaters in both points and assists, as he played 35 games. He was named 2017 ECAC Rookie of the Year and Ivy League Rookie of the Year after his freshman season. In his freshman season, <mask> helped Harvard win the Beanpot for the first time since 1993 by recording a goal and an assist to beat Boston University 6–3. <mask> also helped Harvard reach its first Frozen Four series since 1994 and win an Ivy title and ECAC Hockey Championship. In the Frozen Four semifinals against University of Minnesota Duluth, the Crimson lost 2–1. In his sophomore 2017–18 season, he had 28 points on six goals and 22 assists in 29 games.He was

masks: Fox Fox Fox Fox


title: Adam Fox (ice hockey)

texts:
 fifth in the nation among defensemen, averaging .97 points per game. In his junior 2018–19 season, he had 48 points (9 goals, 39 assists) in 33 games for Harvard, and  was the top scoring player and defenseman in the country with 1.45 points per game. He led the NCAA in assists and was fourth in points, while also setting school single-season records for assists and points by a defenseman. <mask> broke the school record for points by a Harvard defenseman in one season, set by Mark Fusco in 1983. He was named a finalist for the Hobey Baker Award as the top player in college hockey, won the 2019 Walter Brown Award, and was an Academic All-Ivy honoree. <mask> was also named to the NCAA First All-American Team and ECAC First All-Star Team in each of his three seasons (2017–19). In 97 career games, he had 116 points (21 goals, 95 assists).He became the fourth defenseman in Harvard history to reach 100 career points. He left Harvard before his senior year to play in the NHL, and is five classes short of graduating. Professional
On June 23, 2018, the Calgary Flames traded <mask>'s NHL playing rights (along with Dougie Hamilton and Micheal Ferland) to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Elias Lindholm and Noah Hanifin. On April 30, 2019, Carolina traded <mask>'s NHL rights to the New York Rangers in exchange for a second-round pick in the 2019 NHL Entry Draft and what would become a second-round pick in the 2020 NHL Entry Draft. On May 2, <mask> signed an entry-level contract with the Rangers, with a maximum entry-level salary ($925,000 plus bonuses). He won the Lars-Erik Sjoberg Award as the top Ranger rookie in training camp in 2019, and made the Rangers' Opening Night roster. He made his NHL debut in October 2019, at 21 years

masks: Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox


title: Adam Fox (ice hockey)

texts: of age.He finished the 2019–20 season with 42 points (8 goals, 34 assists) in 70 games. He tied for second among all NHL rookie defensemen in goals, and third in points, assists, and PPP (13). He ranked first among Rangers defensemen in Goals Above Replacement (14.9) and Wins Above Replacement (2.7). He became the fifth rookie defenseman in franchise history to have at least 40 points in a season, joining Ron Greschner, Reijo Ruotsalainen, Brian Leetch, and Mike McEwen. Despite his rookie season success, <mask> fell short of a Calder Memorial Trophy nomination. During the 2020–21 season, on April 6, during a 8–4 win over the Pittsburgh Penguins, <mask> became the fourth defenseman in Rangers history to record an 11-game point streak. His point streak ended on April 9 at 12 games.He also became the first Rangers defenseman to assist on 11-straight power play goals. On April 29, <mask> was named the recipient of the Steven MacDonald Extra Effort Award. He was given the award for his outstanding defense and consistent play throughout the season. <mask> was the first defenseman to win the award since Brian Leetch won in 1997. On June 29, <mask> won the James Norris Memorial Trophy for the 2020–21 NHL season. <mask> became only the second defenseman in NHL history to win the award before starting their third season. He is the youngest winner since then Montreal Canadiens defenseman P. K. Subban won it at the age of 23 in 2013, and is the first Rangers player to receive the honor since Brian Leetch in 1997.In a shortened 56-game schedule, <mask> led all defensemen with 42 assists and was second in points with 47, behind Tyson Barrie of the Edmonton Oilers. In 55 games, he registered five goals, posted a plus-19 rating, averaged

masks: Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox


title: Adam Fox (ice hockey)

texts:
 24:42 of ice time per game, and finished with 23 power play points. On November 1, 2021, <mask> signed a seven-year, $66.5 million contract extension with the Rangers. In January 2022, <mask> was chosen to his first NHL All-Star Game, which will be held at T-Mobile Arena in Paradise, Nevada. After scoring two goals with an assist in a game against the Toronto Maple Leafs on January 19, <mask> became the first Rangers defenseman to reach the 40-point mark in 40 games or fewer since Brian Leetch in the 2000–01 season. International play

<mask> has represented the United States men's national junior ice hockey team at both the 2017 and 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. In 2017, <mask> won a gold medal with Team USA while recording four points in seven games.The following year, <mask> was named an alternate captain for Team USA at the 2018 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. He led Team USA to a bronze medal while leading the team's defensemen in assists and points. Following the conclusion of his collegiate career, on April 19, 2019, <mask> was selected to represent the senior United States team at the 2019 IIHF World Championship held in Bratislava and Košice, Slovakia. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honors

See also
 List of select Jewish ice hockey players

References

External links

1998 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey defensemen
Calgary Flames draft picks
Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey players
Ice hockey players from New York (state)
Jewish ice hockey players
Jewish American sportspeople
New York Rangers players
People from Jericho, New York
USA Hockey National Team Development Program players
21st-century American Jews
AHCA Division I men's ice


title: Gurney Norman

texts:
<mask> (born 1937) is an American writer, documentarian, and professor. Biography
<mask> was born in Grundy, Virginia, in 1937. He grew up in the southern Appalachian Mountains and was raised alternately by his maternal grandparents in Southwest Virginia and his paternal grandparents in Eastern Kentucky in several towns, but primarily in the small community of Allais, near Hazard, in Perry County. He attended Stuart Robinson School in Letcher County, Kentucky, from 1946 to 1955. <mask> attended the University of Kentucky from 1955 to 1959, graduating with a degree in journalism and English. In 1960, he received a Wallace Stegner Fellowship in Creative Writing at Stanford University where he studied with literary critic Malcolm Cowley and the Irish short story writer Frank O'Connor

After Stanford, <mask> spent two years in the U.S. Army. He returned to eastern Kentucky in 1963 to work as a reporter for his hometown newspaper, The Hazard Herald.Leaving newspaper work to concentrate on his fiction writing, <mask> took a job with the U.S. Forest Service as a fire lookout in the Cascade Mountains of Oregon in the summers of 1966 and 1967. In 1971, his novel Divine Right's Trip was published in The Last Whole Earth Catalog and subsequently by the Dial Press and Bantam Books. <mask> was one of the founders of the Briarpatch Network in 1974, with Richard Raymond and Michael Phillips. In 1977, his book of short stories Kinfolks, which received Berea College's Weatherford Award, was published by Gnomon Press. In 1979, <mask> joined the faculty of the University of Kentucky as an associate professor of English. He served as Director of the English Department's Creative Writing Program from 2000 to 2014. In 1996 his work as a fiction writer, filmmaker, and cultural advocate was honored at the Fifteenth Annual Emory and Henry College Literary Festival, which celebrates significant writers in the Appalachian region.In 2002 he was honored by the Eastern Kentucky Leadership

masks:
Gurney Norman
Gurney Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman


title: Gurney Norman

texts:
 Conference for outstanding contribution to the advancement of regional arts and culture. In 2007 the Appalachian Studies Association awarded <mask> the Helen M. Lewis Community Service Award, which recognizes exemplary contributions to Appalachia through involvement with and service to its people and communities. He serves as Senior Writer-in-Residence at Hindman Settlement School's annual Appalachian Writers Workshop. <mask> was selected to serve as the 2009–2010 Poet Laureate for the Commonwealth of Kentucky, and was officially installed as Laureate on April 24, 2009. On May 8, 2011, <mask> was awarded an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Berea College. On February 13, 2019, he was inducted into the Kentucky Writers Hall of Fame, which recognizes distinguished Kentucky writers whose work reflects the state’s rich literary heritage. He lives in Lexington, Kentucky.Writing
Divine Right's Trip follows DR Davenport and Estelle, a pair of hippie stoners who leave California for eastern Kentucky, where they settle on a farm raising rabbits. The novel was originally serialized in The Last Whole Earth Catalog. Kinfolks is a book of short stories concerning young Wilgus Collier and his relationships with his family members. Ancient Creek is a satirical folktale about a rebellion by mountain people against an absurd and oppressive king in a mythical American region. Filmography

As writer and presenter
 1987 - Time on the River - A historical look at the important role the Kentucky River played in the settlement of the state. KET production. 1989 - From This Valley - Explores the Big Sandy region of Eastern Kentucky, including its trails, people, history, and literary heritage.KET production. 1991 - Wilderness Road - Retraces the route of the famous pioneer trail from Kingsport, Tennessee, to Boonesborough, Kentucky. KET production. Based on <mask>'s work
 2000 - The Wilgus Stories - Dramatization of three Norman short stories--"Fat Monroe," "Night Ride"

masks: Norman Norman Norman Norman


title: Gurney Norman

texts:
 and "Maxine"—by filmmaker Andrew Garrison. Publications

Fiction
 Book One From Crazy Quilt:  A Novel in Progress (Monterey, KY:  Larkspur Press), 1990. Divine Right's Trip:  A Folk-Tale (New York: Dial Press), 1972. Kinfolks:  The Wilgus Stories (Frankfort, KY:  Gnomon Press), 1977.Ancient Creek: A Folktale (Lexington, KY: Old Cove Press), 2012. Nonfiction
 An American Vein:  Critical Readings in Appalachian Literature with Danny Miller and Sharon Hatfield (Athens, OH:  Ohio University Press), 2005. Confronting Appalachian Stereotypes:  Back Talk from an American Region with Dwight B. Billings and Katherine Ledford (Lexington, KY:  University Press of Kentucky), 1999. References

Further reading
 Chaney, Candace  "A Man of His Words", Lexington Herald-Leader, Page E1, April 26, 2009. Howell, Rebecca Gayle  "<mask> Norman: Poet Laureate", Lexington Herald-Leader, page A15, April 24, 2009. Arnold, Timothy W.  "Hero Trip: Divine Right's Journey of Self", Border States: Journal of the Kentucky-Tennessee American Studies Association, No. 9 (1993).Holbrook, Chris. "<mask> <mask> Remembers His 'Kinfolks'", Lexington Herald-Leader, April 26, 1992. Ward, William S.  A Literary History of Kentucky (Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press), 1988. External links
Faculty page from the University of Kentucky
Gurney <mask> biography, from Appalachian Books
<mask> <mask> interview

1937 births
Living people
People from Grundy, Virginia
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
Appalachian writers
Novelists from Virginia
University of Kentucky alumni
Writers from Lexington, Kentucky
People from Perry County, Kentucky
Poets Laureate of Kentucky
American male short story writers
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American male poets
20th-century American short story writers
21st-century American short story writers
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from

masks: Gurney Gurney Norman Norman Gurney Norman


title: Maria Olip

texts:
<mask> "Micka<mask>' (born <mask>c / Schupanz:  29 March 1913 - 29 April 1943) was a Slovene resistance fighter against National Socialism in Carinthia. In 1943, following capture and more than two months of interrogation-torture sessions, she faced a session of the special "People's Court" at Klagenfurt on 9 April 1943. She was one of a batch of twenty-six captured partisans convicted:  thirteen were sentenced to death:   the other twelve executed were all men. Life
<mask> was born one of her parents' (at least) four children in Ebriach, a small village in the rural Eisenkappel-Vellach administrative district. The region was one of remote mountain villages in which Slovene dialects predominated, but in the 1920 Carinthian plebiscite pragmatic considerations of perceived economic advantage had trumped nationalistic separatism, and throughout her childhood the district had remained part of the Austrian province of Carinthia, rather than joining up with Yugoslavia, across the mountains. Georg and Barbara Županc, her parents, were peasant farmers. With her brothers, Ivan and Miha Županc she was involved in political activism under the leadership of Valentin Kordesch, on behalf of the Communist Party, which had been illegal since an emergency decree dated May 1933, issued by the Austrofascist government of Chancellor Dollfuss.<mask> was still young when she married <mask> from the adjacent district of Zell Pfarre / Sele Fara. He was a nephew of <mask> (1884–1943), who would emerge as a leader of Slovene partisan resistance, and who later died on the guillotine at the same Vienna execution facility and on the same day as <mask> herself. The political

masks:
Maria
" Olip
Maria Župan
Maria Županc
Maria Županc
Max Olip
Thomas Olip
Maria Olip


title: Maria Olip

texts: context changed in 1938 when the hitherto independent Federal State of Austria was integrated into Germany, which ushered in a more uncompromising approach to political opposition by the security services. The "Anschluss" also made unavoidable - if it was not already unavoidable - national involvement in the forthcoming war, which broke out in September 1939. <mask>'s home region was now on the mountainous southern frontier of an enlarged and increasingly embattled enlarged German state. Between 1941 and 1943 that part of Slovenia, directly to the south of Austrian Carinthia was under German military occupation. German occupation was resisted by Slovene partisans from north of the border who would have classified themselves as (Slovene speaking) Austrian/German citizens.<mask> worked as an "underground messenger" for her brother, Ivan Županc, who had been a founder of the Slovene partisan movement in Carinthia. Another of her brothers, Miha Županc, was also an active member of the Slovene resistance partisans, and it was during a meeting at his remote small-holding that she reported how she was now in contact not just with longstanding "old" comrades, but had been establishing links with a succession of new comrades. She had, in particular, been striking up conversations with off-duty German soldiers who came to take their holidays in the local mountain valleys, in order to try and win them over to join with the Slovene partisans. Even more dangerously, at the instigation of her resistance comrade Franz Weinzierl she had sent a letter to a man called Johann Rozmann in the provincial capital Klagenfurt, inviting him to work with the partisans. She

masks:
Maria Olip
Maria Olip


title: Maria Olip

texts: helped Franc Pasterk, who was in Klagenfurt on home leave from the army, to flee to the partisans in Upper Carniola. In September 1942, in the aftermath of a battle against the Second Slovenian Kokra battalion, the Germans came across a "Županc letter" which included mention of a "sick sister", which appeared to be a coded reference to a female partisan group member. From this - probably in combination with other clues they had already acquired - they were able to infer that <mask> was involved in the "Osvobodilna fronta" anti-fascist liberation movement.On 11 November 1942 two apparent partisans, Helmut Sovetz und Felix Koprivnik, turned up at the "Golopkeusche" (farmstead) on the Waschnigberg (local mountain). Sovetz befriended <mask> who took him to be a forestry worker with communist tendencies, and told him about an upcoming meeting of local partisans. In the evening she arrived at the meeting with the two men. The participants were then taken by surprise when a gang of Nazi paramilitaries (SS). <mask>'s trust had clearly been betrayed by two government spies. As the wounded comrades were driven away she was able to jump out of the truck  and disappear into the bushes; but the next day, while making her way back to Eisenkappel, she was found and recaptured by a paramilitary patrol. Some time later a comrade called <mask>r spotted her on "shower day" in the city jail at Klagenfurt, and reported back that her entire body was covered with wounds, caused by the torture to which she had been subjected.It is not entirely clear what information her interrogators extracted from her, but at the subsequent trial in which she was included the court

masks:
Maria Olip
Maria Olip
Olip
Maria Halle


title: Maria Olip

texts:
 presumably relied on their testimony when it determined that she was a "fanatical agitator and hater" ("fanatische Hasserin und Hetzerin") and referred to her as the "shotgun woman" ("Flintenweib"). For more than two months she was subjected to a programme of torture and interrogation, during the course of which several of her teeth were knocked out. In the Gestapo prison she also repeatedly underwent the unsettling experience of seeing other prisoners being carried out after their interrogation-torture sessions. Confessions allegedly extracted from her led to a number of further arrests. However, since the interrogations were carried out in German, a language of which <mask> understood very little, the record of the interrogations contains many inaccuracies and distortions. Shortly before the trial a lengthy indictment was presented to her, and she refuted much of what she was recorded as having said. On 9 April 1943 <mask> faced the special "People's Court" at Klagenfurt.Ominously, for those familiar with his judicial record, the presiding judge was Roland Freisler. She was the only woman sentenced to death. Thirteen female co-defendants were sentenced to prison terms of between nine months and eight years.. The executions took place on 29 April 1943 at the National Execution Facility at the District Court Complex in Vienna. After the war the remains of <mask>'s body were exhumed and sent to Zell Pfarre for reburial. Notes

References

Carinthian Slovenes
Austrian resistance members
Slovene Partisans
Austrian people executed by Nazi Germany
Slovenian people executed by Nazi Germany
People executed by Nazi Germany by guillotine
1913 births
1943

masks:
Olip
Maria Olip
Maria Olip


title: D. J. Smith (ice hockey)

texts:
<mask> "D. J." <mask> (born May 13, 1977) is a Canadian professional ice hockey coach and former player. He is the current head coach of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League (NHL). As a player, <mask> played 45 NHL games with the Toronto Maple Leafs and Colorado Avalanche as a defenceman. As a coach, <mask> won the Memorial Cup in 2015, and spent four years as an assistant with the Maple Leafs before joining Ottawa. Playing career

Junior hockey
As a youth, <mask> played in the 1991 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Windsor, Ontario.Windsor Spitfires (1994–1997)
<mask> was drafted by the Windsor Spitfires of the Ontario Hockey League in the second round, 20th overall, in the 1994 OHL Draft Priority. <mask> appeared in 61 games with the Spitfires during his rookie season in 1994-95, scoring four goals and 17 points, while accumulating 201 penalty minutes, the second most on the club. In 10 playoff games, <mask> scored a goal and four points, as the Spitfires defeated the Sarnia Sting in the first round of the playoffs, before falling to the Sudbury Wolves in the OHL quarter-finals. <mask> saw a big increase in his offensive production during his second season with the Spitfires in 1995-96. In 64 games, <mask> scored 14 goals and 59 points, tying him for fourth in team scoring. <mask> led the team with 260 penalty minutes. In seven playoff games, <mask> scored one goal and eight points, as the Spitfires lost to the Detroit Whalers in the first round of the post-season.The Spitfires named <mask> the captain of the team for the 1996-97. In 63 games, <mask> led the defence in scoring, as he had 15 goals and 67 points, as he finished fifth in overall team scoring. In the post-season, <mask> scored a goal and eight points in five games, as Windsor lost to

masks:
Denis Joseph
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: D. J. Smith (ice hockey)

texts:
 the Sarnia Sting in the first round of the OHL playoffs. Professional career

New York Islanders (1995–1996)
<mask> was drafted by the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League in the second round, 41st overall, at the 1995 NHL Entry Draft. <mask>'s stay with the Islanders did not last long, as on March 15, 1996, <mask> was traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs in a trade that included Wendel Clark and Mathieu Schneider going to Toronto, while the Islanders received <mask> Hendrickson, Sean Haggerty, <mask>, and Toronto's first round draft pick in the 1997 NHL Entry Draft, in which the Islanders would select Roberto Luongo. Toronto Maple Leafs (1996–2002)
<mask> appeared in one game with the St. John's Maple Leafs, Toronto's American Hockey League affiliate, following the conclusion to <mask>'s junior hockey season with the Windsor Spitfires. <mask> had no points in his lone appearance during the 1995-96 season.<mask> joined the Toronto Maple Leafs at the conclusion of his junior season in Windsor in 1996-97. On March 26, 1997, <mask> played in his first NHL game, earning an assist on a goal scored by Brandon Convery, as the Maple Leafs defeated the San Jose Sharks 2-1. On March 29, <mask> had his first career NHL fight, against Rene Corbet of the Colorado Avalanche. Overall, in eight games with Toronto, <mask> had one assist, and seven penalty minutes. Following the Leafs season, <mask> was assigned to the St. John's Maple Leafs, where in one post-season game, he had no points. <mask> was assigned to St. John's for the 1997-98 season. In 65 games with St. John's, <mask> scored four goals and 15 points, while earning 237 penalty minutes, ranking him third on the team.In four post-season games, <mask> had no points, as the Maple Leafs lost to the Saint John Flames in the Atlantic Division semi-finals. In

masks:
Smith
Smith
Smith
Darby
Kenny Jonsson
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: D. J. Smith (ice hockey)

texts:
 1998-99, <mask> saw his offensive production increase in St. John's, as he scored seven goals and 35 points in 79 games, as he was the highest-scoring defenceman on the team. <mask>'s 216 penalty minutes ranked second on the club. In the post-season, <mask> earned an assist in five games, as St. John's lost to the Fredericton Canadiens in the Atlantic Division semi-finals. <mask> returned to St. John's for the 1999-2000 season, as in 74 games, he scored six goals and 28 points, while ranking second on the team with 197 penalty minutes. As St. John's failed to qualify for the post-season, <mask> earned a promotion to Toronto late in the 1999-2000 season. In three games with Toronto, <mask> had no points in three games.<mask> spent the entire 2000-01 season with St. John's. Injuries limited <mask> to 59 games, where he scored seven goals and 19 points. In the post-season, <mask> had no points in four games, as St. John's lost to the Quebec Citadelles in the Canadian Division semi-finals. In 2001-02, <mask> began the season with St. John's. In 59 games with the Maple Leafs in the AHL, <mask> scored six goals and 16 points. On March 1, 2002, <mask> was traded to the Colorado Avalanche in a three-way trade that saw Marc Moro traded to the Toronto Maple Leafs, and a ninth round draft pick acquired by the Nashville Predators. Colorado Avalanche (2002–2004)
<mask> joined the Hershey Bears, the American Hockey League affiliate of the Colorado Avalanche, for the rest of the 2001-02, following his trade by the Toronto Maple Leafs.In 14 games with the Bears, <mask> earned three assists. In the post-season, <mask> appeared in eight games, scoring one goal, his first career AHL playoff goal, as the Bears defeated the Norfolk Admirals in the Western Conference quarter-finals, before losing to the Houston Aeros in the

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: D. J. Smith (ice hockey)

texts:
 Western Conference semi-finals. <mask> spent the majority of the 2002-03 season with the Colorado Avalanche. On October 17, 2002, <mask> played in his first game with the Avalanche, as he had no points, and a fight with Ian Laperriere, in a 4-1 win over the Los Angeles Kings. On January 23, 2003, <mask> scored his first career NHL goal, as he scored against <mask> of the Columbus Blue Jackets in a 5-0 victory. This point was <mask>'s first in the NHL since March 26, 1997. Overall, in 34 games with Colorado, <mask> scored one goal and accumulated 55 penalty minutes.In the AHL, <mask> played in two games with the Hershey Bears, earning no points. <mask> was re-assigned to the Hershey Bears for the 2003-04 season. In 35 games with Hershey, <mask> scored seven goals and 14 points. On January 14, 2004, <mask> suffered a knee injury in a game against the Norfolk Admirals, causing <mask> to miss the remainder of the season. Following the 2003-04 season, <mask> announced his retirement as a player. Career statistics

Coaching career

Windsor Spitfires (2005–2012)
<mask> joined the Windsor Spitfires as an assistant coach, working under newly hired head coach Moe Mantha. In 2005-06, the Spitfires finished the season with a 32-26-7 record, earning 71 points and seventh place in the Western Conference.In the post-season, Windsor lost in the Western Conference quarter-finals to the Plymouth Whalers. In 2006-07, the Spitfires replaced Mantha with Bob Boughner as the new head coach, as <mask> remained with the club as an assistant. The rebuilding Spitfires struggled to a record of 18-43-7, earning 43 points and ninth place in the Western Conference, as the club failed to reach the post-season. The Spitfires rebounded in 2007-08 season, as the club finished with a 41-15-12 record, earning 94 points, which represented a 51

masks:
Smith
Smith
Smith
Marc Denis
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
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Smith
Smith


title: D. J. Smith (ice hockey)

texts:
 the Brandon Wheat Kings in the final game, to clinch their second consecutive Memorial Cup championship. In 2010-11, <mask> was promoted to become an associate coach of the Spitfires, as head coach Bob Boughner left the club and <mask> took over head coaching duties. Windsor remained a good team during the season, earning a solid 39-23-6 record, earning 84 points, and fourth place in the Western Conference. In the post-season, the Spitfires defeated the Erie Otters in seven games in the Western Conference quarter-finals. In the Western Conference semi-finals, the Spitfires upset the Saginaw Spirit, as the club reached the Western Conference finals for the third consecutive season. In the conference finals against the Owen Sound Attack, the Spitfires lost in five games.Bob Boughner returned to the Spitfires in 2011-12 as head coach, as <mask> remained with the club as an assistant. Windsor began to rebuild during this season, as the club struggled to a 29-32-7 record, earning 65 points, and eighth place in the Western Conference. In the post-season, the Spitfires were swept by the London Knights in four games in the Western Conference quarter-finals. Following the 2011-12 season, <mask> resigned from his position with the Spitfires, as he was hired to become the head coach of the Oshawa Generals. Oshawa Generals (2012–2015)
<mask> joined the Oshawa Generals of the Ontario Hockey League as head coach for the 2012-13 season. On September 20, 2012, <mask> coached his first career OHL game, earning the victory as the Generals defeated the Peterborough Petes 5-2. Oshawa had a very strong season, earning a record of 42-22-4, getting 88 points, and finishing in third place in the Eastern Conference.In the post-season, the Generals defeated the Niagara IceDogs in five games in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals,

masks:
Smith
Bob Jones
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: D. J. Smith (ice hockey)

texts:
 however, the club was swept by the Barrie Colts in the Eastern Conference semi-finals. Oshawa improved slightly in the 2013-14 season, as the club finished the season with a 42-20-6 record, earning 90 points and first place in the Eastern Conference. In the post-season, the Generals swept the Mississauga Steelheads in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals, followed by a second straight sweep in the Eastern Conference semi-finals, as Oshawa defeated the Peterborough Petes in four games. In the Eastern Conference finals, the Generals were swept by the North Bay Battalion. <mask> won the Matt Leyden Trophy as the OHL Coach of the Year in the 2013–14 OHL season. The Generals were the top team in the Eastern Conference in 2014-15, as the club earned a 51-11-6 record, earning 108 points, which was an improvement of 18 points over the previous season. In the post-season, the Generals defeated the Peterborough Petes in five games in the Eastern Conference quarter-finals, followed by defeating the Niagara IceDogs in five games in the Eastern Conference semi-finals.In the Eastern Conference finals, the Generals had a re-match against the North Bay Battalion, as Oshawa got their revenge, as they defeated the Battalion in six games. In the J. Ross Robertson Cup finals against the Erie Otters, led by Connor McDavid, the Generals won the series in five games to clinch the OHL championship and a berth into the 2015 Memorial Cup. At the tournament, the Generals finished with a perfect record, and defeated the Kelowna Rockets 2-1 in overtime in the final game to win the Memorial Cup. Following the 2014-15 season, <mask> resigned as head coach of the Generals, as he took a job to become an assistant coach with the Toronto Maple Leafs. Toronto Maple Leafs (2015–2019)
<mask> joined the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National

masks: Smith Smith Smith


title: D. J. Smith (ice hockey)

texts:
 Hockey League as an assistant coach to newly hired head coach Mike Babcock. In his first season with the Leafs in 2015–16, Toronto struggled to a 29–42–11 record, earning 69 points, and finishing in last place in the NHL. The rebuilding Leafs saw improvement during the 2016–17 season, as Toronto finished with a 40–27–15 record, earning 95 points, and the second wild-card seed in the Eastern Conference.In the post-season, the Maple Leafs lost to the Washington Capitals in six games. Toronto continued to improvement during <mask>'s third season with the team in 2017–18, as the Maple Leafs had a 49–26–7 record, earning 105 points, and third place in the Atlantic Division. In the first round of the post-season, the Leafs lost to the Boston Bruins in seven games. The Leafs saw a slight decline in the 2018–19 season, as the club finished with a 46–28–8 record, earning 100 points, five fewer than the previous season, however, Toronto once again finished in third place in the Atlantic Division. In the first round of the playoffs, the Leafs had a re-match against the Boston Bruins and once again lost in seven games to the Bruins. Following the season, <mask> resigned from his job with the Leafs and took the job to become the head coach of the Ottawa Senators. Ottawa Senators (2019–present)
In May 2019, the Ottawa Senators announced that <mask> agreed to a three-year contract to be the team's head coach.Head coaching record

NHL

OHL

References

External links

1977 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Colorado Avalanche players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
New York Islanders draft picks
Oshawa Generals coaches
Sportspeople from Windsor, Ontario
St. John's Maple Leafs players
Toronto Maple Leafs coaches
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Windsor Spitfires coaches
Canadian ice hockey


title: Astrid of Sweden

texts:
 descendants were named Astrid to honour her. Her granddaughters Princess <mask> of Luxembourg, Princess Astrid of Belgium, her great-granddaughter Princess <mask> of Liechtenstein, and her great-great-granddaughter Archduchess <mask> of Austria-Este. Her niece Princess Astrid of Norway (later Mrs. Ferner) was named to honour her.Her husband King Leopold III's first daughter with his second wife Lilian Baels, Princess Marie-Christine Daphné Astrid Élisabeth Léopoldine of Belgium (b. 1951), was named after her. Titles

Titles and Styles

 17 November 1905 - 4 November 1926: Her Royal Highness Princess Astrid of Sweden
 4 November 1926 - 17 February 1934: Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Brabant
 17 February 1934 - 29 August 1935: Her Majesty the Queen of the Belgians

Gallery

Arms

Ancestry

References
 Catherine Barjansky. "Portraits with Backgrounds." Art Beeche. "The Snow Princess." Robert Capelle."Dix-huit ans auprès du Roi Léopold." Charles d'Ydewalle. "Albert and the Belgians: Portrait of a King." Evelyn Graham. "Albert King of the Belgians." Luciano Regolo. "La Regina Incompresa."Lars Rooth. "More Joy Than Pain." Anna Sparre. "Astrid mon amie." External links

Royal Love Match (1926), newsreel on the British Pathé YouTube Channel
Tragic Death of the Queen of the Belgians (1935), newsreel on the British Pathé YouTube Channel
Portraits of the Nation: Postage Stamps and National Identity
The making of a Belgicist reference to Villa Haslihorn
Packard Club images from the Packard car after the accident
BELGIUM: Death of Astrid Time article

|-

1905 births
1935 deaths
Duchesses of Brabant
Belgian queens consort
Naturalised citizens of Belgium
Swedish princesses
House of Bernadotte
Princesses of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Dames of Malta
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Lutheranism
Swedish Roman Catholics
Road incident deaths in Switzerland
Belgian princesses
Belgian people of Swedish descent
People from Stockholm
Burials at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
Former Lutherans
House of Saxe-Coburg

masks:
Marie Astrid
Marie Astrid
Anna Astrid


title: Marion Koogler McNay

texts:
<mask> (7 February 1883 – 13 April 1950), was an American painter,art collector, and art teacher who inherited a substantial oil fortune upon the death of her parents. She later willed her fortune to be used to establish San Antonio's first museum of modern art, which today bears her name. Inspired by Modern, Impressionism, and American Art she used her wealthy background to cultivate her eclectic art collection. <mask> was able to design her San Antonio home after moving there in 1926. As soon as <mask> moved to San Antonio she began buying and commissioning art pieces. The Spanish styled house was able to showcase a diverse amount of paintings including both American and European styled art. McNay favored Art made in the South Western American style.The fortune she inherited was able to fund her art collection which spanned over seven hundred art pieces by 1950, marking the year of her passing. San Antonio allowed McNay to have an expansive estate marking over 23 acres of land. The goal for McNay was to make her museum "a place of beauty with the comforts and warmth of a home." Early life
<mask> was born in Ohio to Dr.<mask> and <mask>. McNay was their only child and a year after her birth, the family moved to El Dorado, Kansas, where her parents invested and purchased a large tract of pasture land.This land later proved to contain substantial oil reserves, and made the family wealthy. This allowed <mask> to attend the University of Kansas from 1900 to 1902 and the Art Institute of Chicago. When her parents retired in Marion, Ohio she made her move back to her home state.The San Antonio mansion she purchased in 1926 after McNay's inheritance was designed by Atlee and Robert Ayres on an acreage called Sunset Hills and was finished in 1929.Marriages
<mask> married her first husband, railway manager and sergeant, <mask>, in 1917. The marriage only lasted 10 months, ending with Don's death from the Spanish influenza in 1918. She first visited Texas when <mask>, at the time of being alive, was currently stationed in Laredo during World War 1. In 1926, she moved to San Antonio, Texas where she

masks:
Marion Koogler McNay
McNay
McNay
Marion
Marion
Clara Koogler
Marion
Marion
Don McNay
Don McNay


title: Marion Koogler McNay

texts:
 then married prominent ophthalmologist Donald T. Atkinson who also owned a piece of land north of San Antonio, Texas known as Sunset Hills. Although <mask> and Donald were both wealthy, her oil inheritance was not affected during the Great Depression. After her marriage with Donald ended in 1936, she went on to marry (and divorce) four more times, eventually reverted to using the name <mask> for the remainder of her life. She briefly married and financially supported artist Victor Higgins in 1937, but the two separated only two years later and divorced in 1940.Teaching
In 1915, while she was living with her parents, the superintendent of city schools of Marion, Ohio wrote that she "is one of the best qualified art teachers I have ever known. She teaches art in a manner that arouses and develops the child's observation and enlarges his aesthetic nature." McNay supported the Arts and in 1942, she offered the use of her home to the San Antonio Art Institute which in turn prevented the school's closure. Her friend and collaborator, sculptor Charles Umlauf, said that she "always had the sympathy of the artist at hand because she herself was an artist. In the later part of McNay's career she dedicated her time to be a part of the directorship of the San Antonio Art Institute, which eventually closed in 1990, forty years after her death. Art collection
In 1926, after the death of her father, Marion moved to San Antonio with her mother and married Dr. Donald Atkinson. On his property, she began to construct a Spanish Mediterranean style mansion (she designed some of the tilework and ceiling stencils herself), which was completed in 1927.She also began to accumulate a significant collection of artwork. The first oil painting she purchased was Diego Rivera's Delfina Flores. She collected a large number of French Impressionist and Post-Impressionist works of art, early 20th-century modernists including Picasso, Matisse, and Chagall. She also bought a number of Southwestern santos and retablos. Alongside these works photographs,Native American pottery,sculptures,prints and designs have been added both

masks: Marion McNay


title: Marion Koogler McNay

texts:
 post-humorously and through her own purchases. Pueblo Indian patronage
<mask> was a significant patron of the arts among the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, where she made frequent trips. Although raised Presbyterian, McNay converted to Catholicism under the wisdom and teachings of Rev.Peter Baque, the founder of The Missionary Servants of St. Anthony.The organization was given money by McNay as a form of charity work In 1943, Congress proposed a bill providing for the exploration of Pueblo lands with the ultimate goal of building a dam on the Rio Grande.<mask>, in conjunction with other conservationists, was instrumental in defeating this proposal. Later <mask> requested to be buried next to Rev. Baque in San Antonio after his death in 1938. Death and legacy
Upon her death, <mask> left her art collection of more than 700 works of art, along with the house, the surrounding 23 acres of land, and an endowment, to establish the first Art Museum of Modern Art in Texas. This was the first museum of its kind in San Antonio and the Southwest region of the United States.The museum was named in honor of <mask> and has been considered the centerpiece of San Antonio art community and culture. The museum expanded to include galleries of medieval and Renaissance artwork and a larger collection of 20th-century European and American modernist work. A large theatre arts library and gallery were also added, as well as an art reference library and an auditorium.More recently, the McNay Art Museum recently added the Stieren Center, built by internationally renowned architect Jean-Paul Viguier, to display their Modern collection. References

External links
 The McNay Art Museum
 Marion Koogler McNay Art Institute records, 1955-1981 at the Smithsonian Archives of American Art

1883 births
1950 deaths
People from Logan County, Ohio
People from El Dorado, Kansas
University of Kansas alumni
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
People from San Antonio
Painters from Texas
Painters from Ohio
Artists from Kansas
20th-century American painters
American art collectors
Women art collectors
American art

masks: Marion Marion McNay Marion Marion


title: Stephen Timoshenko

texts:
<mask> (; ; December 23, 1878 – May 29, 1972), later known as <mask>, was a Russian Imperial and later, an American engineer and academician of Ukrainian descent. He is considered to be the father of modern engineering mechanics. An inventor and one of the pioneering mechanical engineers at the St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. A founding member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, <mask> wrote seminal works in the areas of engineering mechanics, elasticity and strength of materials, many of which are still widely used today. Having started his scientific career in the Russian Empire, <mask> emigrated to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes during the Russian Civil War and then to the United States. Biography
<mask> was born in the village of Shpotovka, Uyezd of Konotop in the Chernigov Governorate which at that time was a territory of the Russian Empire (today in Konotop Raion, Sumy Oblast of Ukraine). He studied at a Realschule () in Romny, Poltava Governorate (now in Sumy Oblast) from 1889 to 1896.In Romny his schoolmate and friend was future famous semiconductor physicist Abram Ioffe. <mask> continued his education

masks:
Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko
Stephen Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko


title: Stephen Timoshenko

texts: awarded the D. I. Zhuravski prize of the St.Petersburg Ways of Communication Institute that helped him survive after losing his job. He went to St Petersburg where he worked as a lecturer and then a Professor in the Electrotechnical Institute and the St Petersburg Institute of the Railways (1911–1917). During that time he developed the theory of elasticity and the theory of beam deflection, and continued to study buckling. In 1918 he returned to Kyiv and assisted Vladimir Vernadsky in establishing the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences – the oldest academy among the Soviet republics other than Russia.In 1918–1920 <mask> headed the newly established Institute of Mechanics of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which today carries his name. After the Armed Forces of South Russia of general Denikin had taken Kyiv in 1919, <mask> moved from Kyiv to Rostov-on-Don. After travel via Novorossiysk, Crimea and Constantinople to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, he arrived in Zagreb, where he got professorship at the Zagreb Polytechnic Institute. In 1920, during the brief liberation of Kyiv from Bolsheviks, <mask> travelled to the city,

masks: Timoshenko Timoshenko Timoshenko


title: Stephen Timoshenko

texts:
 reunited with his family and returned with his family to Zagreb. He is remembered for delivering lectures in Russian while using as many words in Croatian as he could; the students were able to understand him well. United States
In 1922, <mask> moved to the United States where he worked for the Westinghouse Electric Corporation from 1923 to 1927, after which he became a faculty professor in the University of Michigan where he created the first bachelor's and doctoral programs in engineering mechanics. His textbooks have been published in 36 languages.His first textbooks and papers were written in Russian; later in his life, he published mostly in English. In 1928 he was an Invited Speaker of the ICM in Bologna. From 1936 onward he was a professor at Stanford University. <mask>'s younger brothers, architect Serhii (Sergius <mask>, Ukrainian Minister of Transport, participant in the Second Winter Campaign against the Soviet regime, and member of the Polish Senate), and economist Volodymyr, both immigrated to the United States as well. In 1957, ASME established a medal named after <mask>; he became its first recipient. The

masks:
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Stephen Timoshenko


title: Stephen Timoshenko

texts: Timoshenko Medal honors <mask><mask> as the world-renowned authority in the field of mechanical engineering and it commemorates his contributions as author and teacher. The Timoshenko Medal is given annually for distinguished contributions in applied mechanics.In 1960 he moved to Wuppertal, West Germany to be with his daughter. In addition to his textbooks, in 1963 <mask> wrote a book Engineering Education in Russia and an autobiography, As I Remember in the Russian language. It was translated into English in 1968  by sponsorship of the  Stanford University. Jacob Pieter den Hartog (1901-1989), who was <mask>'s co-worker in early 1920s at Westinghouse, wrote a review in the magazine Science  stating that   "… Between 1922 and 1962 he [S.P<mask>] wrote a dozen books on all aspects of engineering mechanics, which are in their third or fourth U.S. edition and which have been translated into half a dozen foreign languages each, so that his name as an author and scholar is known to nearly every mechanical and civil engineer in the entire world.. Then, Den Hartog stressed: "There is no question that <mask> did much for America. It is

masks:
Stephen P
. Timoshenko
Timoshenko
Timoshenko
. Timoshenko
Timoshenko


title: Stephen Timoshenko

texts:
 an equally obvious truth that America did much for Timoshenko, as it did for millions of other immigrants for all over the world. However, our autobiographer has never admitted as much to his associates and pupils who, like myself often have been pained by his casual statements in conversation.That pain is not diminished by reading these statements on the printed page and one would have wished for a little less acid and a little more human kindness." It should be emphasized that the celebrated theory that takes into account shear deformation and rotary inertia was developed by <mask> in collaboration with Paul Ehrenfest (1880-1933), famous Austrian-Dutch physicist, as the recent handbook  by Elishakoff shows, and thus, should be referred to  as Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam theory. This fact was testified by <mask>. The interrelation between Timoshenko-Ehrenfest beam and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories was investigated in the book by Wang, Reddy and Lee. He died in 1972 and his ashes are buried in Alta Mesa Memorial Park, Palo Alto, California. List of <mask>'s doctoral students in the U.S.A.

University of Michigan:

 Coates, W.


title: Stephen Timoshenko

texts:
 B000JOIJ7I
Mechanics of Materials, with J. M. Gere, 1st edition, D. Van Nostrand Company, 1972
Erinnerungen, Translation from the russian original edition (Translator: Albert Duda), Berlin: Wiley, 2006,  (in German)

See also
 Timoshenko beam theory

References

Further reading
 Korsak, I. Harrow in a strange field (Борозна у чужому полі) - Kyiv, "Yaroslaviv Val", 2014. - 224 p.
He was the first in the Pleiades of outstanding scientists. Biographical essay by Vladimir Tcheparukhin. S. P. <mask>. Structural Mechanics and Theory of Elasticity Department of the Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical University. Тимошенко Степан Прокофьевич.Timoshenko Stepan Prokofyevich. Biographical essay by V. Borisov.Official website of the Stephen Timoshenko Institute of Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
 Soderberg, R<mask> P<mask> (Biographical Memoir). National Academy of Sciences. Washington D.C. 1982. 1878 births
1972 deaths
People from Konotop Raion
People from Chernigov Governorate
Ukrainian engineers
Structural engineers
American mechanical engineers
Russian mechanical engineers
Peter the Great St. Petersburg

masks:
Timoshenko
. Stephen
. Timoshenko


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts:
<mask> (, ; October 29, 1918 – January 6, 1993) was a Romanian and Brazilian poet, novelist, publicist and academic who lived his later life in Hawaii. A precocious, award-winning, young author in interwar Romania, he was involved in editing several literary magazines. Attracted into left-wing democratic politics and the Social Democratic Party (PSDR), he camouflaged his views while working for the fascist press under dictatorial regimes, but returned in 1944 to manage the PSDR's Libertatea newspaper. Witnessing first-hand the gradual communist takeover, Baciu managed to have himself assigned to a diplomatic posting in Switzerland, and ultimately defected in 1948. A resident and then citizen of Brazil, and a traveler throughout Latin America, he wrote works in Portuguese, Spanish, English and German, as well as in his native Romanian. Involved with the Congress for Cultural Freedom and a friend of independent socialists such as Juan Bosch, Baciu spoke out against South American communism and criticized Fidel Castro. He eventually moved to the United States, as a professor at the University of Washington, and, from 1964, the University of Hawaii.He put out the international magazine Mele, which, although rudimentarily printed and little circulated, remains a noted source of information about avant-garde writers of the Romanian diaspora, from Andrei Codrescu to Dolfi Trost and Sesto Pals. <mask> was also a preeminent historian and anthologist of South and Central American surrealism, as well as a translator of Latin American literature into Romanian and German. Biography

Early life
<mask> <mask> was

masks:
Ștefan Aurel Baciu
Baciu
Ștefan
Baciu


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts: born in Brașov, some months before the city became part of Greater Romania. His was a multicultural intellectual family. His father was the ethnic Romanian Ioan <mask>, a product of Austro-Hungarian schooling, was at the time a teacher of German at the Șaguna National College. He is remembered at the co-author of a pioneering introductory Romanian textbook for the benefit of Saxons and Hungarians. In 1930, he built for his family the "Yellow House" in Lunca Plăieșului residential property, which had recently been opened for settlement.The poet's mother, Elisabeta, was the daughter of the forestry engineer Arthur Sager; his maternal aunt, Lenuța König, was a corsetmaker for Queen Marie. Baciu's sister, Ioana Veronica, had a successful career in the theater. Through the Sagers, Ștefan and Ioana were of Jewish descent. Raised Romanian Orthodox, and still a practicing believer in the 1960s, Baciu considered himself a "cosmopolitan" one. Baciu was a precocious child. Bookish from an early age, despite being heavily myopic, he discovered Romanian and German poetic anthologies, including Kurt Pinthus' expressionistic chrestomathy, Menscheitsdämerung. In addition to German, he taught himself French, English, Spanish and Portuguese.A student of his father's Șaguna National College, where he earned top grades, he made friends with two of his teachers, writers Octav Șuluțiu and Emil Cioran. Șuluțiu would later refer to Baciu as one of the most characteristic poets of Transylvania region. Baciu made his editorial debut as a teenager, with German- and Romanian-language poems published in the local reviews


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts: Minulescu.Alongside Caledoniu, George Petcu, Maria Banuș, Laurențiu Fulga and some others, <mask> was also drawn into the "White Nights Manifesto" circle, which sought to promote young literature. Also faced with financial troubles, and unsuccessful in its bid to receive state funding, the circle closed shop in 1938. Baciu had since enlisted at the University of Bucharest Faculty of Law, whence he graduated in 1941. His college years overlapped with the demise of Romanian democracy and several authoritarian experiments, the first of which was a National Renaissance Front dictatorship. By late 1938, Baciu had begun collaborating in the semi-official newspaper, Sfarmă-Piatră, published by the fascist sympathizer Nichifor Crainic. He had a literary history column, Cronici germane ("German Chronicles"), with which he aimed to popularize "that superb German Romanticism". He was in correspondence with a more senior poet, Emil Giurgiuca, offering to popularize Giurgiuca's work "in Sfarmă-Piatră or wherever".Also in 1938, Baciu collected his translations from Georg Trakl, which came out at Editura Frize in Iași. Having openly supported the Iron Guard as a radical fascist alternative to the establishment, Sfarmă-Piatră was also falling into disfavor with the National Renaissance Front regime. Early in 1939, following bloody clashes between the Front and the Guardists, Sfarmă-Piatră was outlawed. Baciu moved to the more mainstream Universul, becoming its editor and resuming Cronici germane in its literary supplement. He also held the literary criticism column, taking over from Ștefan Augustin Doinaș. During


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts:
 tanning and footwear-making empire, and his Polish wife, Mira attended the Bucharest Faculty of Letters, then worked as a pharmacist in Râmnicu Vâlcea. She married Baciu upon the war's end. PSDR journalist, diplomat, defector
The August 23, 1944 Coup unsealed Romania's alliance with Nazi Germany, and brought back democracy, but also signified the onset of Soviet occupation. Shortly after the legalization of political parties, <mask> became editor of the Social Democratic press organ Libertatea ("Liberty"). From October 1944 to December 1945, he edited his own illustrated satirical review, Humorul ("Humor"). Meanwhile, he also put out new selections from his poetry: Cântecul mulțimii ("Song of the Crowd"), with a preface by Ion Pas, came out at the PSDR party press in 1944; Caiet de vacanță ("Notebook for the Holidays") at Unirea of Râmnicu Vâlcea in 1945. His circle of acquaintances grew to include some members of the Bucharest surrealist circle, in particular Sesto Pals (who was Baciu's lifelong friend) and Dolfi Trost.With his party falling under the influence of Romanian Communists, Baciu remained close to the independent pro-Western wing, under Constantin Titel Petrescu. As he would note in 1992, Baciu had always been "an adept of democratic socialism". He referred to Petrescu as "the tocsin-sounder of the great perils that were knocking on our door, perils not just for the existence of social democracy, but also of Romania's very existence as a free democratic state". Baciu described with alarm the rapid communization of his writer friends, recording Beniuc's enthusiasm at seeing liberal


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts: demonstrators being repressed with machine guns. He also witnessed the desperation of his friend Gyr, who attempted suicide in Râmnicu Vâlcea. However, according to literary historian Mircea Popa, Baciu's Libertatea editorials were of that kind "that would later shame him": young Baciu ridiculed the prewar regime as an era of conformity and "nothingness", and even praised socialist realism. At the time, Communist Party politicians tempted him with offers to become Prefect or theater manager.<mask> was present at the PSDR Congress of March 10, 1946, which resulted in the party's electoral alliance with the Communists. His testimony describes Petrescu's anti-fusion speech as the point of view of a "good and courageous Romanian". <mask> further recalls: "I walked [Petrescu] back to his home alongside some hundreds of partisans". In October 1946, owing to his Social Democratic credentials, <mask> was appointed press officer of the Romanian Embassy in Bern. The ambassador was Șerban Voinea, a PSDR theoretician. Baciu conceived of this assignment as a safe haven from communism, but was still troubled about leaving Romania and his relatives. He brought up the issue in conversations with Petrescu, who advised him: "Forget [Mira's] pharmacy, choose freedom."His appointment became the object of disputes between Communist-controlled agencies and Foreign Affairs, which was still controlled by an ally, Gheorghe Tătărescu. As Baciu recalls, Tătărescu gave him and his wife tacit backing, without signing any papers, and discreetly handed them their diplomatic passports. On November 5, the Bacius crossed into

masks: Baciu Baciu Baciu


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts:
 Hungary semi-clandestinely, knowing that they risked being returned at the border. The Petru Groza government was only informed later of their arrival in Bern. Like Voinea, Baciu had open disagreements with his Bucharest superiors, complaining that his efforts to publicize Romanian literature in the Swiss "workers' press" were not being supported by the Romanian state. He wrote for the editorial section of Tribune de Genève, to dissuade Swiss fears about the stabilization of the Romanian leu. The communist authorities later accused him of purposefully withholding information, "thus giving reactionaries reason to minimize this important reform".In late 1947, just before the proclamation of a Romanian communist republic, Voinea resigned his posting. <mask>, who was recalled and assigned to a new post in Sofia, opted to discontinue his work in diplomacy and demand political asylum in Switzerland. He was advised to do so by a friend, Victor Popescu (son of Universul editor Stelian Popescu). Brazilian exile
The Bacius registered their case with the International Refugee Organization (IRO), who processed them to determine if they were or had been undercover agents of a secret service. During the interval, Baciu was publishing essays and in Literarische Tat, and Mira was working for the Zytglogge pharmacy. The Bacius simultaneously applied for asylum in Brazil, Peru and Venezuela (meanwhile, Mira's uncles had managed to escape to Argentina). Cleared by the IRO in early 1949, the Bacius were given asylum rights in Brazil, and arrived at Rio de Janeiro in March.They had a rough start in the new country,


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts: and struggled to make ends meet. <mask> <mask> resumed his work in poetry, translating Latin American novellas into German and Raúl Otero Reiche's América into Romanian, and publishing his own surrealist works, including Analiza cuvântului dor (Valle Hermoso, 1951). In late 1952, alongside Faust Brădescu, he was editing Înșir-te Mărgărite, a magazine for the Romanian Brazilian community, which also reached Romanian communities from Argentina to Francoist Spain. Its stated purpose was the preservation and publicizing of Romanian poetry and prose. Romania's Securitate secret police, which was following his movements, noted Brădescu's Iron Guard affiliation as a sign of Baciu's own fascism. Also in 1953, <mask> was made editor of the foreign politics page at Carlos Lacerda's Tribuna da Imprensa. According to the Securitate, this was a "newspaper of the fascist kind".He published occasional contributions to Revista da Semana, Diário Carioca, and Maquis, and, in 1957, two volumes of his Portuguese-language poetry: Aula de solidão ("Lesson in Solitude"), Dois Guatemaltecos ("Two Guatemalans"). Meanwhile, <mask> worked as a translator for the Deputies' Chamber. With Tribuna da Imprensa credentials, Baciu traveled across Latin America. In Mexico, he interviewed Natalia Sedova, widow of Leon Trotsky. In 1956, he was at Lima, where he met the Romanian writer-violinist Grigore Cugler. The two began a correspondence, with Baciu persuading Cugler to republish his 1930s avant-garde stories. He prepared for publishing Cugler's Afară de unul singur, but the manuscript was lost in the process (although an earlier

masks:
Ștefan
Baciu
Baciu
Mira Baciu


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts:
 print was eventually recovered in 1998).Baciu also embarked on a mission to popularize Romanian avant-garde writers, publishing Spanish and Portuguese essays about Urmuz and Constant Tonegaru. By then, Baciu was also involved with the anti-authoritarian left-wing movement on the South American continent. As he saw it, the caudillo regimes of Alfredo Stroessner, Juan Perón or Anastasio Somoza were generally equivalent to Eastern European Stalinism. Together with Salvadorean diplomat Rafael Barraza Monterrosa, the Bacius managed a Panhispanist association, called Ruy Barbosa Circle, building personal contacts with Juan Bosch, the exiled Dominican socialist, and Carlos Mérida, the Guatemalan painter. In 1956, he had an encounter with Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro, and became a sympathizer of his 26th of July Movement. CCF and Cuban Revolution
The Bacius were eventually granted Brazilian citizenship, and became fully integrated in Brazil's cultural life. The couple counted among their writer friends Carlos Drummond de Andrade, Manuel Bandeira and Cecília Meireles.In April 1958, <mask>, Meireles and Bandeira were among the 42 intellectuals who set up a Brazilian chapter of the anticommunist Congress for Cultural Freedom (CCF), which, from 1959, put out the Portuguese-language review Cadernos Brasileiros. The organization was in part funded by the Central Intelligence Agency, through its Paris agent, John Hunt (with whom Baciu corresponded), and answered directly to the Spaniard Julián Gorkin. Baciu joined the staff of Cadernos as editor in chief (with Afrânio Coutinho as editorial manager) and was


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts: General Secretary of the CCF until August 1962; Mira was the Executive Secretary. Baciu was with Bosch in Venezuela, celebrating Rómulo Betancourt's victory in the election of December 1958. Together with Bosch, he organized a negative campaign against the Republic of Cuba, but Bosch refused any explicit endorsement of Castro's guerrilla. In January 1959, following the success of the Cuban Revolution, Baciu was invited by the new government in Havana, to report on the work of the revolutionary tribunals. He declined the invitation but, later that year, he made his way there to interview Castro.He recorded in particular Castro's disdain for the Cuban Communists. In March, he happened to meet Castro's communist inspiration, Che Guevara, but they only discussed literature. Also in 1959, Baciu published in Rio the essay Um continente em busca de uma doutrina ("A Continent Searching for a Doctrine"). In 1960, he was awarded honorary citizenship of Rio. He was working on the book of memoirs in Portuguese, Bucareste-Estação Norte ("Bucharest-Northern Station"), which came out at Edições o Cruzeiro in 1961. Meanwhile, <mask>'s Romanian relatives were suffering under communist persecution. Dinu Simian was mistreated and tortured in Sighet prison, where he eventually died; Dinu's wife, Constanța, was also detained, and, upon her 1962 release, had to struggle to make ends meet.In 1962, through the intercession of Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitschek, <mask> persuaded the Romanian authorities to grant her mother safe passage to Brazil. With his 1961 reportage Cortina de hierro sobre Cuba ("The Iron

masks:
Baciu
Mira Baciu


title: Ștefan Baciu

texts: boot-lickers, the savvy ones and the profiteers, be they talented or talentless." Baciu's inclusion in a poetry anthology, put out in Bucharest by Nicolae Manolescu, scandalized the communist apparatus; the work was soon withdrawn from bookstores by the censors. Nevertheless, the new communist regime of Nicolae Ceaușescu made some efforts to appease Baciu and enlist him to write "propaganda for Romanian art and culture during the years of socialist consolidation", and even allowed Romanian journalists to contact him on the phone. Baciu claimed to have cut short such attempts, identifying them as a Securitate diversion.His rejection did not prevent Iron Guard loyalists such as Horia Stamatu from labeling Baciu a spy and avoiding all contact with him. In 1974, Baciu ultimately put out at SUNY Press an overall anthology of Latin American poetry (Antología de la poesía latinoamericana), and at Editorial Joaquín Mortiz, in Mexico City, a critical anthology of Latin American surrealism, Antología de la poesía surrealista latinoamericana. The latter book was enthusiastically reviewed in Plural magazine by the writer Octavio Paz, who noted that it was "indispensable" to the study of local surrealism and that it marked the "end of gossip" about the phenomenon. It is seen by literary historians as "orthodox" in comparison with Pellegrini's earlier chrestomathy. In 1975, he edited in Madrid posthumous reissue of Cugler's Vi-l prezint pe Țeavă. The following year, at San José, Baciu put out a volume of his own essays on Costa Rica. Meanwhile, <mask>, who discovered her artistic talents and became Mele