title: Chester Gillette

texts:
 <mask> played for time with vague statements about their future and of their going away on a trip sometime soon. Finally, <mask> made arrangements for a trip to the Adirondack Mountains in upstate New York. The pair stayed for a night in Utica, New York, and then continued to Tupper Lake in Franklin County, spending the night. Rain the next day ruined their plans for an outing on a nearby lake, so they returned south  to Big Moose Lake in Herkimer County. At the lakeside Glenmore Hotel, <mask> registered under a false name (although one that used his own initials to match the monogram on his suitcase). He was carrying one suitcase and a tennis racquet.Brown, at this point, may have expected some kind of elopement ceremony. On July 11, <mask> took Brown in a rowboat on Big Moose Lake, where he clubbed her with his tennis racquet and left her to drown. An overturned boat was found floating in the lake, together with <mask>'s hat, leading authorities initially to believe both had drowned. Meanwhile, <mask>, carrying a suitcase, hiked through the woods to Fulton Chain Lakes, where he checked into the Arrowhead Hotel under his real name. Later, witnesses said that <mask> seemed calm, collected, and perfectly at ease; nothing seemed to be amiss. Brown's body was found at the bottom of the lake the next day. An autopsy revealed she had suffered major head trauma, turning an accidental drowning case into a murder investigation.<mask> had done a poor job of planning the cover-up, and was quickly arrested in nearby Inlet, New York. Grace Brown was buried in Valley View Cemetery in  her hometown, South Otselic, New York. Trial and execution
The trial took place in Herkimer County, and quickly drew nationwide attention. <mask>'s uncle refused to pay for his defense. Court appointed attorneys claimed that their client was innocent, that Brown had committed suicide, and that <mask> was a helpless onlooker to the suicide. It did not help that <mask> had changed his story - claiming he wasn't there when Brown drowned, then accidental drowning,

masks: Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette


title: Chester Gillette

type: original

texts:
 then suicide. He also had a hard time explaining to the jury Brown's injuries, why he took his suitcase on a boat ride, and how it ended up dry even though the boat overturned.The jury convicted <mask> of murder. A New York State Appeals Court upheld the verdict, and Governor Charles Evans Hughes refused to grant clemency or give a reprieve. On March 30, 1908, <mask> was executed by electric chair at Auburn Prison in Auburn, New York. The case was officially reported as People v. <mask>, 191 N.Y. 107, 83 N.E. 680 (1908). <mask> was buried in Soule Cemetery in Sennett, New York. In recent years
The television series Unsolved Mysteries aired an episode about the historical incident of <mask> and Brown in January 1996.In 2007, <mask>'s diary, which he wrote during the last seven months he was in prison, was donated to the Hamilton College Library by <mask>'s grandniece. In addition to the diary, 12 letters written by <mask> during his time in prison also were donated. Eleven of the letters were addressed to Bernice Ferrin, a friend of the family who moved to Auburn, New York, to stay with Gillette's sister Hazel. The twelfth letter, a farewell letter written the day before his execution, was addressed to <mask>. The diary and letters were published in December 2007, almost 100 years after the execution of <mask>. Popular Culture
Theodore Dreiser's 1925 An American Tragedy is based on the case. His novel inspired two films in turn: An American Tragedy and A Place In The Sun.Also based on the case is the Ballad of Big Moose Lake, a 1926 folk song of the Adirondack Mountains area that explicitly mentions <mask> in the first and last verses. References

20th-century executions by New York (state)
American people convicted of murder
Criminals from New York (state)
People executed for murder
People executed by New York (state) by electric chair
People from Queens, New York
People convicted of murder by New York (state)
People from Spokane, Washington
1883 births
1908 deaths
20th-century executions of American people
Executed people from

masks:
Gillette
Chester Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
Hazel Gillette
Chester Gillette
Gillette


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
<mask> (Willem Frederik, Prince of Orange-Nassau; 24 August 1772 – 12 December 1843) was a Prince of Orange, the King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg. He was the son of the last Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, who went into exile to London in 1795 because of the Batavian Revolution. As compensation for the loss of all his father's possessions in the Low Countries, an agreement was concluded between France and Prussia in which <mask> was appointed ruler of the newly created Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda in 1803; this was however short-lived and in 1806 he was deposed by Napoleon. With the death of his father in 1806, he became Prince of Orange and ruler of the Principality of Orange-Nassau, which he also lost the same year after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire and subsequent creation of the Confederation of the Rhine at the behest of Napoleon. In 1813, when Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Leipzig, the Orange-Nassau territories were returned to <mask> and he was asked as well to become the Sovereign Prince of the United Netherlands. He proclaimed himself King of the Netherlands on 16 March 1815. In that year, <mask> I concluded a treaty with King <mask> in which he ceded the Principality of Orange-Nassau to Prussia in exchange for becoming the new Grand Duke of Luxembourg.In 1839, he furthermore became the Duke of Limburg as a result of the Treaty of London. After his abdication in 1840, he styled himself King <mask>, Count of Nassau. Prince of Orange

King <mask>'s parents were the last stadtholder <mask>, Prince of Orange of the Dutch Republic, and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia. Until

masks:
William I
William
William
William
Frederick William III
William Frederick
William I
William V


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 1806, <mask> was formally known as <mask> VI, Prince of Orange-Nassau, and between 1806 and 1813 also as Prince of Orange. In Berlin on 1 October 1791, <mask> married his maternal first cousin (Frederica Louisa) Wilhelmina of Prussia, born in Potsdam. She was the daughter of King <mask> II of Prussia. After Wilhelmina died in 1837, <mask> married Countess Henriette d'Oultremont de Wégimont (28 February 1792, in Maastricht – 26 October 1864, in Schloss Rahe), created Countess of Nassau, on 17 February 1841, also in Berlin.Youth and early military career

As eldest son of the <mask>, Prince of Orange, <mask> was informally referred to as Erfprins (Hereditary Prince) by contemporaries from his birth until the death of his father in 1806 to distinguish him from <mask>.

Like his younger brother Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau he was tutored by the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler and the Dutch historian Herman Tollius. They were both tutored in the military arts by general Prince Frederick Stamford. After the Patriot revolt had been suppressed in 1787, he in 1788–89 attended the military academy in Brunswick which was considered an excellent military school, together with his brother. In 1790 he visited a number of foreign courts like the one in Nassau and the Prussian capital Berlin, where he first met his future wife. <mask> subsequently studied briefly at the University of Leiden. In 1790 he was appointed a general of infantry in the States Army of which his father was Captain general, and he was made a member of the Council of State of the Netherlands. In November 1791 he took his new bride to The Hague.After the National

masks:
William
William
William
Frederick William
William
William V
William
William V
William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 Convention of the French First Republic had declared war on the stadtholder of the Dutch Republic in February 1793, <mask> was appointed commander-in-chief of the veldleger (mobile army) of the States Army (his father remained the nominal head of the armed forces). As such he commanded the troops that took part in the Flanders Campaign of 1793–95. He took part in the battles of Veurne, Menin, and Wervik (where his brother was wounded) in 1793, the siege of Landrecies (1794), whose fortress surrendered to him, and the Battle of Fleurus (1794), to name the most important. In May 1794 he had replaced general Kaunitz as commander of the combined Austro-Dutch forces on the instigation of Emperor Francis II who apparently had a high opinion of him. But the French armies proved too strong, and the allied leadership too inept, and the allies were defeated. The French first entered Dutch Brabant which they dominated after the Battle of Boxtel. When in the winter of 1794–95 the rivers in the Rhine delta froze over, the French breached the southern Hollandic Water Line and the situation became militarily untenable.In many places Dutch revolutionaries took over the local government. After the Batavian Revolution in Amsterdam on 18 January 1795 the stadtholder decided to flee to Britain, and his sons accompanied him. (On this last day in Holland his father relieved <mask> honorably of his commands). The next day the Batavian Republic was proclaimed. Exile
Soon after the departure to Britain the Hereditary Prince went back to the Continent, where his brother was assembling former members of the States Army in Osnabrück for a planned invasion

masks: William William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts: into the Batavian Republic in the Summer of 1795. However, the neutral Prussian government forbade this. In 1799, <mask> landed in the current North Holland as part of an Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland.The Hereditary Prince was instrumental in fomenting a mutiny on the Batavian naval squadron in the Vlieter, resulting in the surrender of the ships without a fight to the Royal Navy, which accepted the surrender in the name of the stadtholder. Not all the local Dutch population, however, was pleased with the arrival of the prince. One local Orangist was even executed. The hoped-for popular uprising failed to materialise. After several minor battles the Hereditary Prince was forced to leave the country again after the Convention of Alkmaar. The mutineers of the Batavian fleet, with their ships, and a large number of deserters from the Batavian army accompanied the retreating British troops to Britain. There <mask> formed the King's Dutch Brigade with these troops, a military unit in British service, that swore oaths of allegiance to the British King, but also to the States General, defunct since 1795, "whenever those would be reconstituted."This brigade trained on the Isle of Wight in 1800 and was eventually used by the British in Ireland. When peace was concluded between Great Britain and the French Republic under First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte the Orange exiles were at their nadir. The Dutch Brigade was dissolved on 12 July 1802. Many members of the brigade went home to the Batavian Republic, thanks to an amnesty. The surrendered ships of the Batavian navy were not returned, due to an agreement between the stadtholder and the


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts: British government of 11 March 1800. Instead the stadtholder was allowed to sell them to the Royal Navy for an appreciable sum. The stadtholder, feeling betrayed by the British, left for Germany.The Hereditary Prince, having a more flexible mind, went to visit Napoleon at St. Cloud in 1802. He apparently charmed the First Consul, and was charmed by him. Napoleon raised hopes for <mask> that he might have an important role in a reformed Batavian Republic. Meanwhile, <mask>'s brother-in-law <mask> <mask> of Prussia, neutral at the time, promoted a Franco-Prussian convention of 23 May 1802, in addition to the Treaty of Amiens, that gave the House of Orange a few abbatial domains in Germany, that were combined to the Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda by way of indemnification for its losses in the Batavian Republic. The stadtholder gave this principality immediately to his son. When Napoleon invaded Germany in 1806 and war broke out between the French Empire and Prussia, <mask> supported his Prussian relatives, though he was nominally a French vassal.He received command of a Prussian division which took part in the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt. The Prussians lost that battle and <mask> was forced to surrender his troops rather ignominiously at Erfurt the day after the battle. He was made a prisoner of war, but was paroled soon. Napoleon punished him for his betrayal, however, by taking away his principality. As a parolee, <mask> was not allowed to take part in the hostilities anymore. After the Peace of Tilsit <mask> received a pension from France in compensation. In the same year, 1806, his father, the Prince of Orange died, and

masks:
William
William
Frederick William
III
William
William
William
William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 <mask> not only inherited the title, but also his father's claims on the inheritance embodied in the Nassau lands.This would become important a few years later, when developments in Germany coincided to make <mask> the Fürst (Prince) of a diverse assembly of Nassau lands that had belonged to other branches of the House of Nassau. But before this came about, in 1809 tensions between Austria and France became intense. <mask> did not hesitate to join the Austrian army as a Feldmarschalleutnant (major-general) in May 1809 As a member of the staff of the Austrian supreme commander, Archduke Charles he took part in the Battle of Wagram, where he was wounded in the leg. Tsar <mask> of Russia played a central role in the restoration of the Netherlands. Prince <mask> VI (as he was now known), who had been living in exile in Prussia, met with <mask> in March 1813. Alexander promised to support <mask> and help restore an independent Netherlands with <mask> as king. Russian troops in the Netherlands participated with their Prussian allies in restoring the dynasty.Dynastic considerations of marriage between the royal houses of Great Britain and the Netherlands, assured British approval. Return

After Napoleon's defeat at Leipzig (October 1813), the French troops retreated to France from all over Europe. The Netherlands had been annexed to the French Empire by Napoleon in 1810. But now city after city was evacuated by the French occupation troops. In the ensuing power vacuum a number of former Orangist politicians and former Patriots formed a provisional government in November 1813. Although a large number of the members of the provisional

masks:
William
William
William
Alexander I
William
Alexander I
William
William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts: government had helped drive out <mask> 18 years earlier, it was taken for granted that his son would have to head any new government. They also agreed it would be better in the long term for the Dutch to restore him themselves, rather than have the Great Powers impose him on the country.The Dutch population were pleased with the departure of the French, who had ruined the Dutch economy, and this time welcomed the prince. After having been invited by the Triumvirate of 1813, on 30 November 1813 <mask> disembarked from  and landed at Scheveningen beach, only a few yards from the place where he had left the country with his father 18 years before, and on 6 December the provisional government offered him the title of King. <mask> refused, instead proclaiming himself "Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands". He also wanted the rights of the people to be guaranteed by "a wise constitution". The constitution offered <mask> extensive (almost absolute) powers. Ministers were only responsible to him, while a unicameral parliament (the States General) exercised only limited power. He was inaugurated as sovereign prince in the New Church in Amsterdam on 30 March 1814.In August 1814, he was appointed Governor-General of the former Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège (more or less modern-day Belgium) by the Allied Powers who occupied that country, ruling them on behalf of Prussia. He was also made Grand Duke of Luxembourg, having received that territory in return for trading his hereditary German lands to Prussia and the Duke of Nassau. The Great Powers had already agreed via the secret Eight Articles of London to unite the Low

masks:
William V
William
William
William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 Countries into a single kingdom. It was believed that a united country on the North Sea would help keep France in check. With the de facto addition of the Austrian Netherlands and Luxembourg to his realm, <mask> had fulfilled his family's three-century dream of uniting the Low Countries. King of the Netherlands

Feeling threatened by Napoleon, who had escaped from Elba, <mask> proclaimed the Netherlands a kingdom on 16 March 1815 at the urging of the powers gathered at the Congress of Vienna. His son, the future king <mask> II, fought as a commander at the Battle of Waterloo.After Napoleon had been sent into exile, <mask> adopted a new constitution which included many features of the old constitution, such as extensive royal powers. He was formally confirmed as hereditary ruler of what was known as the United Kingdom of the Netherlands at the Congress of Vienna. Principal changes
The States General was divided into two chambers. The Eerste Kamer (First Chamber or Senate or House of Lords) was appointed by the King. The Tweede Kamer (Second Chamber or House of Representatives or House of Commons) was elected by the Provincial States, which were in turn chosen by census suffrage. The 110 seats were divided equally between the North and the South, although the population of the North (2 million) was significantly less than that of the South (3.5 million). The States General's primary function was to approve the King's laws and decrees.The constitution contained many present-day Dutch political institutions; however, their functions and composition have changed greatly over the years. The constitution was accepted in the North, but

masks: William William William William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts: not in the South. The under-representation of the South was one of the causes of the Belgian Revolution. Referendum turnout was low, in the Southern provinces, but <mask> interpreted all abstentions to be yes votes. He prepared a lavish inauguration for himself in Brussels, where he gave the people copper coins (leading to his first nickname, the Copper King). The spearhead of King <mask>'s policies was economic progress. As he founded many trade institutions, his second nickname was the King-Merchant.In 1822, he founded the Algemeene Nederlandsche Maatschappij ter Begunstiging van de Volksvlijt, which would become one of the most important institutions of Belgium after its independence. Industry flourished, especially in the South. In 1817, he also founded three universities in the Southern provinces, such as a new University of Leuven, the University of Ghent and the University of Liège. The Northern provinces, meanwhile, were the centre of trade. This, in combination with the colonies (Dutch East Indies, Surinam, Curaçao and Dependencies, and the Dutch Gold Coast) created great wealth for the Kingdom. However, the money flowed into the hands of Dutch directors. Only a few Belgians managed to profit from the economic growth.Feelings of economic inequity were another cause of the Belgian uprising. <mask> was also determined to create a unified people, even though the north and the south had drifted far apart culturally and economically since the south was reconquered by Spain after the Act of Abjuration of 1581. The North was commercial, Protestant and entirely Dutch-speaking; the south was industrial, Roman Catholic and divided

masks: William William William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 between Dutch and French-speakers. Officially, a separation of church and state existed in the kingdom. However, <mask> himself was a strong supporter of the Reformed Church. This led to resentment among the people in the mostly Catholic south. <mask> had also devised controversial language and school policies.Dutch was imposed as the official language in (the Dutch-speaking region of) Flanders; this angered French-speaking aristocrats and industrial workers. Schools throughout the Kingdom were required to instruct students in the Reformed faith and the Dutch language. Many in the South feared that the King sought to extinguish Catholicism and the French language. Revolt of the Southern Provinces

In August 1830 Daniel Auber's opera La muette de Portici, about the repression of Neapolitans, was staged in Brussels. Performances of this show seemed to crystallize a sense of nationalism and "Hollandophobia" in Brussels, and spread to the rest of the South. Rioting ensued, chiefly aimed at the kingdom's unpopular justice minister, Cornelis Felix van Maanen, who lived in Brussels. An infuriated <mask> responded by sending troops to repress the riots.However, the riots had spread to other Southern cities. The riots quickly became popular uprisings. An independent state of Belgium emerged out of the 1830 Revolution. The next year, <mask> sent his sons <mask>, the Prince of Orange, and Prince Frederick to invade the new state. Although initially victorious in this Ten Days' Campaign, the Dutch army was forced to retreat after the threat of French intervention. Some support for the Orange dynasty (chiefly among Flemings) persisted for

masks: William William William William William


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 years but the Dutch never regained control over Belgium. <mask> nevertheless continued the war for eight years.His economic successes became overshadowed by a perceived mismanagement of the war effort. High costs of the war came to burden the Dutch economy, fueling public resentment. In 1839, <mask> was forced to end the war. The United Kingdom of the Netherlands was dissolved by the Treaty of London (1839) and the northern part continued as the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It was not renamed, however, as the "United"-prefix had never been part of its official name, but rather was retrospectively added by historians for descriptive purposes (cf. Weimar Republic). Constitutional changes and abdication in later life

Constitutional changes were initiated in 1840 because the terms which involved the United Kingdom of the Netherlands had to be removed.These constitutional changes also included the introduction of judicial ministerial responsibility. Although the policies remained uncontrolled by parliament, the prerogative was controllable now. The very conservative <mask> could not live with these constitutional changes. This, the disappointment about the loss of Belgium, and his intention to marry Henrietta d'Oultremont (paradoxically both "Belgian" and Roman Catholic) made him wish to abdicate. He fulfilled this intent on 7 October 1840 and his eldest son acceded to the throne as king <mask> II. <mask> died in 1843 in Berlin at the age of 71. Children
With his wife Wilhelmina, King <mask> I had six children:

Willem Frederik George Lodewijk (b.The Hague, 6 December 1792 – d. Tilburg, 17 March 1849) later King <mask> of the

masks:
William
William
William
William
William I
William
William II


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 Netherlands from 1840. Married Russian Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna. Stillborn son (Hampton Court, Palace, Middlesex, 18 August 1795). Willem Frederik Karel (b. Berlin, 28 February 1797 – d. Wassenaar, 8 September 1881), married on 21 May 1825 his first cousin Louise, daughter of <mask> <mask> of Prussia. Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Pauline Charlotte (b. Berlin, 1 March 1800 – d. Freienwalde, 22 December 1806). Stillborn son (Berlin, 30 August 1806). Wilhelmina Frederika Louise Charlotte Marianne (b. Berlin, 9 May 1810 – d. Schloss Reinhartshausen bei Erbach, 29 May 1883), married on 14 September 1830 with Prince Albert of Prussia.They divorced in 1849. Honours
 :
 Founder and Grand Master of the Military Order of William, 30 April 1815
 Founder and Grand Master of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, 29 September 1815
  Sweden: Knight of the Order of the Seraphim, 14 April 1813
 : 876th Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece, 5 July 1814
 :
 648th Knight of the Order of the Garter, 10 August 1814
 Honorary Knight of the Order of the Bath, 16 August 1814; Grand Cross (military), 2 January 1815
  Prussia:  Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle, 8 February 1787
  Portugal: Grand Cross of the Sash of the Three Orders, October 1825
 : Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen, 1837
 : Grand Cross of the Order of the White Falcon, 20 November 1839

Arms

Ancestry

Notes

References

Further reading
 Caraway, David Todd. "Retreat from Liberalism: <mask>, Freedom of the Press, Political Asylum, and the Foreign Relations of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, 1814-1818" PhD dissertation, U. of Delaware, 2003, 341pp. Abstract:

masks:
Frederick William
III
William I


title: William I of the Netherlands

texts:
 Dissertation Abstracts International 2003, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p1030-1030
 Kossmann, E. H. The Low Countries 1780–1940 (1978) ch 3-4

External links

 <mask>, Koning (1772-1843) at the Dutch Royal House website

1772 births
1843 deaths
Burials in the Royal Crypt at Nieuwe Kerk, Delft
Dukes of Limburg
Dutch members of the Dutch Reformed Church
Dutch military commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Dutch monarchs
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
House of Orange-Nassau
Extra Knights Companion of the Garter
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain
3
3
3
Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary
Members of the Council of State (Netherlands)
Monarchs who abdicated
Nobility from The Hague
People of the Belgian Revolution
Princes of Orange
Princes of Orange-Nassau
Protestant monarchs
19th-century monarchs in


title: Michael Paine

texts:
<mask> (June 25, 1928 – March 1, 2018) was an engineer. He became notable after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, because he was an acquaintance of the President's assassin Lee Harvey Oswald. His wife, <mask>, housed Lee's estranged wife, Marina Oswald, in her home for several months before the assassination until the day after it. Early life
<mask> was born in New York, New York. His father was <mask>, an architect and activist. His mother was Ruth Forbes Young  financial backer of International Peace Academy and daughter of Elise Cabot Forbes, a scion of the Cabot family. He had one sibling: <mask>.Paine graduated from high school in New York in 1947. He attended Harvard University for two years in 1947-1949 and Swarthmore College for a year, but did not graduate. Career
After serving in the U.S. Army, Paine worked a few months for Griswold Manufacturing Co. After that, Paine worked at the Bartol Research Foundation in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania for about a year. He then worked for his mother's third husband Arthur M. Young, making helicopter models in Pennsylvania. In 1958, Paine became employed at Bell Helicopter through Young, his stepfather and designer of the first commercial helicopter, Bell 47. Personal life
In 1957, he married Ruth Avery Hyde in Pennsylvania. They had two children: Lynn (b.1959) and Christopher (b. 1961). In 1959, they relocated to 2525 West Fifth Street in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. when Paine began work at a Bell Helicopter facility in Fort Worth. One issue is whether the Minox camera found in the Paine garage belonged to Lee Oswald or to <mask>e. Another issue is what activities Lee Oswald and <mask> had in common, given

masks:
Michael Ralph Paine
Ruth Hyde Paine
Paine
Lyman Paine
Cameron Paine
Michael Pain
Michael Paine


title: Michael Paine

texts: <mask>'s statement to Frontline (Who Was Lee Harvey Oswald?, PBS) that he and Lee Oswald shared unspecified interests. In late September 1962, Paine and his wife Ruth separated, Ruth asked him to have his personal belongings moved out of the house by the time she got back home from traveling around the United States that summer.According to <mask>, it was not he, but Ruth who pushed to legally end their marriage. As their divorce made its way through the legal system until it ended in 1970, the Paines continued to see films at the theater together, and their Madrigal singing as a couple continued. <mask> kept his own apartment in Arington, Texas, while Ruth remained with Lynn and Christopher in the Irving home. In the end, the divorce was amicable, and <mask> kept a very favorable view of Ruth. On February 22, 1963, <mask> attended a party held at the home of her fellow madrigal singer, Everett Glover, who knew that Ruth was learning to speak Russian and thought she might be interested in meeting a couple he knew, Marina and Lee Harvey Oswald. Lee had defected to Russia after serving in the Marine Corps, and Marina was Russian-born. They had recently returned to the United States with their young daughter, June.Everett invited many of his engineer friends in Dallas to attend, including George de Mohrenschildt, Volkmar Schmidt, <mask>, and many others. Everett thought they would all be interested in interviewing Lee Harvey Oswald. He also thought that Ruth would enjoy practicing her Russian conversation skills with a native Russian speaker, Marina Oswald. <mask>e caught a cold that night, and didn't go, but <mask> did go to the party, and met Marina Oswald for the first time.

masks:
Michael Paine
Michael
Michael
Michael
Ruth Paine
Michael Paine
Michael Pain
Ruth Paine


title: Michael Paine

texts:
 Ruth started a close friendship with Marina that would last until the JFK Assassination. Relationship with Lee Harvey Oswald

As April 1963 began, Ruth planned to cook dinner for the Oswalds at her home, and she asked <mask> to pick them up and drive them to her house. (The Oswalds had no car.)<mask> met the Oswalds for the first time on April 2, 1963. when he picked up Lee, Marina, and their baby daughter, June at their apartment at 214 West Neely Street in Dallas. Before he drove them to Ruth's house, he had to endure a long wait as Marina got ready. From the start (<mask> told the Warren Commission) he took an immediate dislike toward Lee Oswald, who continually barked orders at his wife, Marina, from the living room, without lifting a finger to help her. Lee's demeaning words directed at his wife offended <mask>, who told author Thomas Mallon that he pitied Marina for "having to take these whiplashes meekly and quietly and obediently." <mask> neglected to tell the Warren Commission, however, that Lee Harvey Oswald had also used that time to speak with <mask> about his fervent political views, and to proudly display to <mask> a now-famous "backyard photograph." This was one of four known photos of Lee holding his rifle, wearing his pistol, and displaying two Marxist newspapers. (The photo looked fake, but Lee Oswald was known to have made fake ID's at the printing shop in which he had been working around that time.)On the contrary, <mask> swore to the Warren Commission that he had 'no idea' that Lee Harvey Oswald ever had a rifle. In 1993, however, <mask> told Gus Russo, author of 'Live by the Sword' (1998) that Lee Oswald showed him this famous Backyard Photograph at

masks:
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael Paine


title: Michael Paine

texts:
 their first meeting on April 2, 1963. Over the next seven months, <mask> told the Warren Commission, he was continually upset by the fact that Lee Oswald refused to let Marina learn to read, speak, or write in English. But <mask> did not emphasize for the Warren Commission the several talks that he had with Lee Oswald about the radical right wing and resigned General Edwin Walker, who had been making trouble for JFK since October 1962. All he knew was that he and Lee Oswald 'agreed' about General Walker. The Warren Commission was far more interested in the fact that Lee Harvey Oswald lived in a rented room in Dallas, but stored most of his possessions in Paine's garage. This is because Marina Oswald told Dallas Police that Lee Oswald kept an army rifle there, wrapped in a blanket.<mask> told the Warren Commission that he always thought it was camping equipment. <mask>'s wife helped Oswald get a job at the Texas School Book Depository. <mask>'s testimony would later become a central feature of the Warren Commission's investigation of the assassination, particularly in regard to the presence of the purported assassination rifle in the garage of his family home. <mask> and his wife were portrayed in Oliver Stone's JFK as characters called "Bill and Janet Williams," presumably to avoid legal action. In 1964, Paine testified that he was a member of the American Civil Liberties Union. The Santa Rosa Press Democrat reported that <mask> died March 1, 2018, in Sebastopol, California. References

1928 births
2018 deaths
Engineers from New York City
Harvard University alumni
People associated with the assassination of John F. Kennedy
Military personnel from New York City
Swarthmore

masks:
Michael
Michael
Michael Paine
Paine
Paine
Paine
Paine


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
<mask> (née Blaffer; born July 11, 1946) is an American anthropologist and primatologist who has made major contributions to evolutionary psychology and sociobiology. She is considered "a highly recognized pioneer in modernizing our understanding
of the evolutionary basis of female behavior in both nonhuman and human primates". In 2013, <mask> received a Lifetime Career Award for Distinguished Scientific Contribution from the Human Behavior and Evolution Society. <mask> is a Professor Emerita of the Department of Anthropology at the University of California, Davis. She has also been an Associate at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University. She has been selected as one of the 21 Leaders in Animal Behavior (2009). In acknowledgment of her achievements, Discover magazine recognized her in 2002 as one of the 50 most important women in science.Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on July 11, 1946, in Dallas, Texas. She was a granddaughter of <mask> <mask> and Robert Lee <mask>, a co-founder of Humble Oil. She was raised in Houston and attended St. John's School there. Education
At age 18, Blaffer attended her mother's alma mater, Wellesley College in Massachusetts. She chose philosophy as her major, and she took creative writing courses. In one of her writing classes, she wrote a novel about Mayan culture. This decision led to Hrdy researching folklore of the Maya.In the end, she found the research more stimulating than the creation of the novel. She eventually transferred to Radcliffe College and majored in anthropology. Her undergraduate thesis on the demon H'ik'al became the basis for her first book, The Black Man of Zincantan,

masks:
Sarah Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Sarah Blaffer
Sarah Campbell
Blaffer
Blaffer


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
 published in 1972. She was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, and graduated summa cum laude from Radcliffe in 1969 with a BA. Interested in making films to teach people in developing countries, Hrdy took film-making courses at Stanford, but was disappointed with them. Instead she was inspired by a Stanford class taught by Paul Ehrlich on the problems of overpopulation, and remarks by Harvard professor Irven DeVore, about black-faced Indian monkeys called langurs. Hrdy was taught that when numbers got too high within the troop, the male langurs would kill the babies in their group.Hrdy changed course in mid-year and entered Harvard as a graduate student in 1970 to study primate behavior. She focused her PhD research around a field study of Hanuman langurs. On the advice of Professor S.M. Mohnot, it was carried out in the area of Mount Abu, India. Her thesis advisor was Irven DeVore. She also worked closely with members of her thesis committee such as the evolutionary biologist Robert L. Trivers and E. O. Wilson. She received her thesis from Harvard in 1975.Family
<mask> met <mask> at Harvard. He accompanied her on early visits to Mount Abu, and they married in 1972 in Kathmandu. They have three children: Katrinka (born 1976); Sasha (born 1982), a week before <mask> was scheduled to present a paper at Cornell University; and Niko (born 1986). <mask> <mask> now lives with her husband in northern California, where they operate the Citrona Farms walnut plantation. Career
Hrdy alternated research work in India with time at Harvard until around 1979, when she became quite ill while doing research in the field. From 1979 until 1984, she focused on writing and teaching at

masks:
Sarah Blaffer
Daniel Hrdy
Hrdy
Sarah Blaffer
Hrdy


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
 Harvard. In 1984, she joined the University of California at Davis as a professor of anthropology.<mask> retired in 1996, becoming a professor emerita of anthropology at UC Davis, where she continues to be involved with the Animal Behavior Graduate Group. Research

The Langurs of Abu
<mask> first became interested in langurs during an undergraduate primate behavior class taught by anthropologist Irven DeVore in 1968. DeVore commented on the relationship between crowding and the killing of infants in langur colonies. After graduation, <mask> returned to Harvard for graduate studies, with the goal of better understanding the phenomenon of infanticide in langur colonies. Working under the supervision of DeVore and Trivers provided <mask> with an introduction to a newly emerging outlook on the social world—that of sociobiology—which crystallized at Harvard in the early 1970s and shaped <mask>'s enduring perspective on primatology. <mask>'s PhD thesis tested the hypothesis that overcrowding causes infanticide in langur colonies. She went to Mount Abu in India to study Hanuman langurs and concluded that infanticide was independent of overcrowding—it was possibly an evolutionary tactic: When an outside male takes over a group, he usually proceeds to kill all infants.This postulated tactic would be very advantageous to the male langurs who practiced infanticide. Turnover in a langur tribe occurs approximately every 27 months. The male who is taking over has a very small window of opportunity to pass on his genes. If the females are nursing infants, it's likely that they won't ovulate for another year. Killing their dependent infants makes the females once again

masks:
Hrdy
Sarah Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy
Hrdy


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
 receptive to mating. Female choice is subverted, as females are put under pressure to ovulate and are forced to breed with the infanticidal males. This is where the idea of sexual counter-strategies comes into play.<mask> theorized that by mating with as many males as possible, particularly males who are not part of the colony, mothers are able to successfully protect their young, as males were unlikely to kill an infant if there was the slightest chance that it might be their own. That gives an illusion of paternity. The goal of the male langur is to maximize the proportion of his offspring and, as <mask> points out, a male who attacks his own offspring is rapidly selected against. While infanticide has been seemingly preserved across primate orders, <mask> found no evidence to suggest that the human species has a 'genetic imperative' for infanticide. In 1975, <mask> was awarded her PhD for her research on langurs. In 1977 it was published in her second book, The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. The controversy in the anthropology realm that her research sparked was not surprising—the classic belief that primates act for the good of the group was discarded, and the field of sociobiology gained increasing support.Many mistakenly assumed that she implied existence of an 'infanticidal gene' that could be conserved across primates. Today, her results and conclusions are widely accepted. Even Trivers, who once dismissed her convictions, admits that her theory regarding female sexual strategies has "worn well." The Woman That Never Evolved
Hrdy's third book came out in 1981: The Woman That Never Evolved. She begins chapter one with a

masks: Hrdy Hrdy Hrdy Hrdy


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
 sentence indicating that the results of her work suggest females should be given a lot more credibility than previously thought. "Biology, it is sometimes thought, has worked against women." Here, Hrdy expands upon female primate strategies.The book is one of The New York Times''' Notable Books of 1981. In 1984, <mask> co-edited Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. It was selected as a 1984–1985 "Outstanding Academic Book" by Choice, the journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries. Mother Nature
In 1999, <mask> published Mother Nature: Maternal Instincts and How They Shape the Human Species. She examines "human mothers and infants in a broader comparative and evolutionary framework," informing and forming views of mother-infant interdependence from a sociobiological viewpoint. She discusses how mothers are continually making trade-offs between quality and quantity, and weighing the best possible actions for them and their infant. <mask>'s view is that there is no defined 'maternal instinct': It depends on a number of variables and is therefore not innate, as once thought.She also stands by her view that humans have evolved as cooperative breeders, making them essentially unable to raise offspring without a helper. This is where the concept of allomothering comes in—relatives other than the mother, such as the father, grandparents, and older siblings, as well as genetically unrelated helpers, such as nannies, nurses, and child care groups, who spend time with an infant, leaving the mother with more free time to meet her own needs. Mothers and Others: The evolutionary origins of mutual understanding
In Mother Nature Hrdy argued

masks: Hrdy Hrdy Hrdy


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
 that apes with the life history attributes of Homo sapiens could not have evolved unless alloparents in addition to parents had helped to care for and provision offspring, "the Cooperative Breeding Hypothesis". In 2009 in Mothers and Others, Hrdy explored cognitive and emotional implications for infants growing up in what was (for an ape) a novel developmental context. Instead of relying on the single-minded dedication of their mothers, youngsters had to monitor and engage multiple caretakers as well. Other apes possess cognitive wiring for rudimentary Theory of Mind, but with cooperative rearing, relevant potentials for mentalizing would have become more fully expressed, and thus rendered more visible to natural selection. Over generations, those youngsters better at inter-subjective engagement would have been best cared for and fed, leading to directional Darwinian selection favoring peculiarly human capacities for intersubjective engagement.In 2014, Mothers and Others, together with earlier work, earned <mask> the National Academy's Award for Scientific Reviewing in honor of her "insightful and visionary synthesis of a broad range of data and concepts from across the social and biological sciences to illuminate the importance of biosocial processes among mothers, infants, and other social actors in forming the evolutionary crucible of human societies." Because of her research on parenting, <mask> is a strong advocate for making affordable child care a priority. Philanthropy
The <mask> and <mask> Visiting Fellowship in Conservation Biology is given to a student for scientific study and work in the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard

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Hrdy
Hrdy
Sarah
Daniel Hrdy


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
 University. Bibliography

Books
1972: The Black-man of Zinacantan: A Central American Legend. The Texas Pan American Series. Austin: University of Texas Press. .
1977: The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. .
1981: The Woman that Never Evolved.Cambridge: Harvard University Press. (Chosen by the New York Times Book Review as one of Notable Books of the Year in Science and Social Science.) 1982, Japanese edition, Tokyo: Shisaku-sha Publishing; 1984, 5th printing of paperback edition, Cambridge; 1984, 1st French edition, Des guenons et des femmes. Paris: Editions Tierce, in press, 2nd French edition, Paris: Payot et Rivage; 1985, Italian edition, La Donna Che Non si E'evoluta, Franco Angeli Editore. .
1984: Hausfater, G. and S. <mask>, eds. Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. New York: Aldine Publishing Co. (Selected as one of the 1984-85 "Outstanding Academic Books" by Choice, the Journal of the Association of College and Research Libraries.) . 1999: Mother Nature: A History of Mothers, Infants and Natural Selection.New York: Pantheon. A BOMC Alternative Selection; selected by Publishers Weekly and by the Library Journal as one of Best Books of 1999 and a finalist for PEN USA West 2000 Literary Award for Research Nonfiction. Won the Howells Prize for Outstanding Contribution to Biological Anthropology. (Published in UK as Mother Nature: Natural selection and the female of the species. London: Chatto and Windus); also translated into Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Japanese, Korean and Polish. .
2001: "The Past, Present, and Future of the Human Family."


title: Sarah Blaffer Hrdy

texts:
 The Tanner Lectures on Human Values, Delivered at University of Utah February 27 and 28, 2001. 2005: The 92nd Dahlem Workshop Report, "Attachment and Bonding: A New Synthesis."Edited by C. S. Carter, L. Ahnert, K. E. Grossmann, S. B<mask>, M. E. Lamb, S. W. Porges, and N. Sachser. ©MIT Press. .
2009: Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. .
2010: Myths, monkeys and motherhood: An intellectual autobiography. In Lee Drickamer and Donald Dewsbury (eds. ), Leaders in Animal Behavior: The Second Generation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 343–344

Films
1977: <mask>, S., D. B<mask> and John Melville Bishop.Stolen copulations; Play and Kidnapped, 16 mm, color. 1980: <mask>, S., Vishnu Mathur and William Whitehead. "Hanuman langur: Monkey of India," 30 minutes, color. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Available on video cassette: CBC Enterprises, P.O. Box 500, Station A, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  M5W 1E6. 1983: "Treatment for film on reproductive strategies of female primates," for BBC Natural History Unit, Bristol, UK.1988: "Monkeys of Abu." National Geographic Explorer. May 1988. 1990: Nature Advisory Board, Channel Thirteen New York for series on the natural history of sex. 1990: Consultant for "Human Nature" for the British Broadcasting Corporation, Bristol, UK. 2001: Advisor for PBS series Evolution. Awards
 1981, NYT Notable Books of 1981, The Woman That Never Evolved 1985, Elected, California Academy of Sciences
 1987–88, Guggenheim Fellow
 1988, Radcliffe Graduate Society Medal
 1990, Elected, National Academy of Sciences
 1992, Elected, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
 1999,

masks:
. Hrdy
Hrdy
. Hrdy
Hrdy


title: Jay McShann

texts:
James Columbus "<mask><mask> (January 12, 1916 – December 7, 2006) was a jazz pianist, vocalist, composer, and bandleader. He led bands in Kansas City, Missouri, that included Charlie Parker, Bernard Anderson, Walter Brown, and Ben Webster. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Muskogee, Oklahoma, and was nicknamed Hootie. During his youth he taught himself how to play the piano through observing his sister's piano lessons and trying to practicing tunes he heard off the radio. He was also heavily influenced by late-night broadcasts of pianist Earl Hines from Chicago's Grand Terrace Cafe: "When 'Fatha' (Hines) went off the air, I went to bed". He began working as a professional musician in 1931 at the age of 15, performing around Tulsa, Oklahoma, and neighboring Arkansas. Career

1936–44
McShann moved to Kansas City, Missouri, in 1936, and set up his own big band which variously featured Charlie Parker (1937–42), Al Hibbler, Ben Webster, Paul Quinichette, Bernard Anderson, Gene Ramey, Jimmy Coe, Gus Johnson (1938–43), Harold "Doc" West, Earl Coleman, Walter Brown, and Jimmy Witherspoon, among others.His first recordings were all with Charlie Parker, the first as the <mask> McShann Orchestra on August 9, 1940. The band played both swing and blues numbers, but played blues on most of its records; its most popular recording was "Confessin' the Blues" with Walter Brown on vocals. The group disbanded when <mask> was drafted into the Army in 1944. After his return two years later, he found that small groups were now taking the place of big-bands in the jazz scene.

masks:
Jay
" McShann
McShann
Jay
McShann


title: Jay McShann

texts:
 <mask> told the Associated Press in 2003: "You'd hear some cat play, and somebody would say, 'This cat, he sounds like he's from Kansas City.' It was Kansas City Style. They knew it on the East Coast.They knew it on the West Coast. They knew it up North, and they knew it down South." 1945–2006
After World War II McShann began to lead small groups featuring the blues shouter Jimmy Witherspoon. Witherspoon began to record with McShann in 1945 and, fronting McShann's band, he had a hit in 1949 with "Ain't Nobody's Business". As well as writing much material, Witherspoon continued recording with McShann's band, which also featured Ben Webster. McShann had a modern rhythm and blues hit with "Hands Off", featuring a vocal by Priscilla Bowman, in 1955. In the late 1960s, McShann often performed as a singer as well as a pianist, often with violinist Claude Williams.He continued recording and touring through the 1990s. Well into his 80s, McShann still performed occasionally, particularly in the Kansas City area and Toronto, Ontario, where he made his last recording, "Hootie Blues", in February 2001, after a recording career of 61 years. In 1979, he appeared prominently in The Last of the Blue Devils, a documentary film about Kansas City jazz. One of McShann's favorite stories to tell was how band member and friend Charlie Parker got his nickname "Bird". During their drive to a gig in Nebraska with a car full of musicians, the driver of the car accidentally hit a chicken. According to McShann, Parker requested the driver turn around so he could get the bird, and sat with


title: Jay McShann

texts:
 Casey, Jumpin' with Al (Black and Blue, 1974)
 Slim Gaillard, Anytime, Anyplace, Anywhere! (Hep, 1983)
 Jim Galloway, Thou Swell (Sackville, 1981)
 Jim Galloway, Kansas City Nights (Sackville, 1993)
 Tiny Grimes, Tiny Grimes (Black and Blue, 1970)
 Tiny Grimes, Some Groovy Fours (Black and Blue, 1996)
 Helen Humes, Helen Comes Back (Black and Blue, 1973)
 Helen Humes, On the Sunny Side of the Street (Black Lion, 1975)
 Julia Lee, Tonight's the Night (Charly, 1982)
 Duke Robillard, The Acoustic Blues & Roots of (Stony Plain, 2015)
 Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson, Kidney Stew is Fine (Delmark, 1969)
 T-Bone Walker, Feelin' the Blues (Black and Blue, 1999)
 Jackie Washington, Keeping Out of Mischief (Borealis 1995)
 Claude Williams, Fiddler's Dream (Black and Blue, 1977)
 Axel Zwingenberger, Swing the Boogie!(Vagabond, 1996)

References

External links
 Interview with <mask> for the NAMM (National Association of Music Merchants) Oral History Program October 11, 2005

1916 births
2006 deaths
Big band bandleaders
Swing pianists
Mainstream jazz pianists
Jump blues musicians
People from Muskogee, Oklahoma
Singers from Oklahoma
American blues singers
American blues pianists
American male pianists
American jazz pianists
Vee-Jay Records artists
20th-century American pianists
20th-century American singers
Jazz musicians from Oklahoma
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Sackville Records artists
Black Lion Records artists
Black & Blue Records artists
Chiaroscuro Records artists
Stony Plain Records artists
Atlantic Records artists
Uptown Records (jazz)


title: Christopher Jaymes

texts:
<mask> (born July 19, 1973) is an American television and film actor, director, screenwriter, producer, and musician. Early life
<mask> was born in Long Beach, California and spent his early years in Huntington Beach as an only child. In his early teens, while working at a SCUBA shop as a Rescue Diver, he started having success as an amateur skateboarder which led him into the entertainment industry where he started working as an actor. He went on to attend Berklee College of Music studying piano and orchestration and toured with a number of artists, including Wanda Jackson, as a piano player. <mask>' entered the entertainment industry at the age of 17, getting a guest starring role in the hit show, Wings, which ended up getting cut out and rewritten prior to getting shot. Shortly, thereafter, he was cast starring opposite Helen Hunt in the CBS movie-of-the-week Murder in New Hampshire: The Pamela Wojas Smart Story and he then went on to appear on a number of other television shows including Lost, Party of Five, Profiler, Chicago Hope, Magnum P.I. (2018 TV series) and numerous others.He played in a number of films as well including Ivan Reitman's Father's Day starring Robin Williams and Billy Crystal. By 2000, he had directed a number of short films including The Reel and working as a script supervisor, editor and screenwriter until he starred and co-produced the feature film It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Trying. After which, he directed his first feature film In Memory of My Father where he starred alongside Jeremy Sisto and Judy Greer, as well as, produced, wrote, directed and edited the film which went onto receive critical acclaim and win a number of awards internationally, including the 2006

masks:
Christopher Jaymes
Jaymes
Career Jaymes


title: Christopher Jaymes

texts:
 American Spirit/Best Feature Award at the Santa Barbara International Film Festival, the Grand Jury Award at CineVegas, Best Debut Feature at Sonoma Valley Film Festival and Best Director at the San Diego Film Festival. Over the next years, Jaymes worked with numerous companies in development, including Signature Pictures, ghost writing on numerous films including The Black Dahlia, Tristen + Leopold, and The Contractor, while also consulting through production and post. In MySpace's heyday, <mask> was hired as a content producer, to help stimulate and develop MySpace's homepage into a hub for video content, producing spots featuring artists and events, such as the Beastie Boys, Wyclef Jean, Colbie Caillat, Sundance, the Toronto International Film Festival, and many others. Concurrently, Jaymes produced and directed a number of commercials and web campaigns for companies such as Intel, Lenovo, Harper/Collins, FRS, NaturaPet, Nikki Six, and LiveBooks.com, while also focusing his efforts on a myriad of Non-Profit Organizations, including One Generation and Sweet Relief Musician's Fund. Jaymes published a book, entitled Boxing Day about his experiences working in the 2004 tsunami disaster relief efforts

In 2010, Chris Jaymes co-wrote and directed Making A Scene starring William Shatner, Dave Foley, and Jason Priestley, a one-hour comedy for television, which led to a string of shows for the CBC including Long Story Short a scripted comedy with Martin Short starring Robin Duke, Anne Murray, and Norman Jewison, and two pilots, including Late Night with Lang & O'Leary, and an entertainment news show, The Feed.In 2011, he directed the feature-length thriller, The Cottage starring David Arquette,


title: Christopher Jaymes

texts: Kristen Dalton, and Lorraine Nicholson, while also working with Levendis Entertainment and Nick Lambrou, developing the screenplay for the feature film action epic, Sons of Chaos, surrounding the Greek War for Independence. In 2012, <mask> was brought on as a producer for a Travel Channel show starring David Arquette and Mike McGuinness, while also directing a series for FOX/Netflix entitled Bad Samaritans with Andy Dick and Julianna Guill. Beginning in 2012, <mask> began working with the non-profit organization Island Dolphin Care, a facility where children with brain disorders and war veterans with PTSD, receive progressive therapy treatments working alongside bottlenose dolphins. His research and footage of IDC dolphins combined with news anchor Kerry Sanders’ (NBC) reporting, won the 2014 Michael Debakey Journalism Award, recognizing outstanding journalism that highlights the role of biomedical research that includes the humane and responsible use of animal models in recent medical discoveries and scientific breakthroughs. The story was about a dolphin named Sara who underwent an expansion of a somewhat collapsed airway; a procedure carried out by a group of specialists from across the country, that had never before executed on a dolphin and the surgery was a success. <mask>'s screenplay Unconditional based on Joe Hoagland and the story that inspired the inception of Island Dolphin Care was recognized as a 2016 Semi-Finalist in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Nicholl Fellowship. In 2018, <mask> directed Cartel Pictures thriller Their Killer Affair for Lifetime starring Melissa Archer produced by Eric Scott Woods and Stan Spry.In 2021, <mask> teamed up with Cartel Pictures

masks: Jaymes Jaymes Jaymes Jaymes Jaymes


title: Christopher Jaymes

texts:
 to direct another thriller for Lifetime(TV network) entitled Recipe for Abduction and again in 2022 for Dancer in Danger. In 2019, after eight years of development, Sons of Chaos, a historical fictionalized retelling of the Greek Revolution of 1821 was published globally as a hardbound, 192 page, oversized graphic novel, by IDW and Penguin Random House. <mask> wrote and created the book with Ale Aragon doing the artwork. In 2021, the release of the Greek Edition, entitled 1821:Children of the Revolution was published by Kaktos Publishing throughout all Greek territories and Cyprus. Filmography
 Dancer in Danger (2022) – Director
 Recipe for Abduction (2021) – Director
 Their Killer Affair (2020) – Director
 The Cottage (2012) – Director, editor
 Misfits (2011) – Actor
 Shrink Me (2010) – Writer, director
 Bhutto (2010) – Cinematography
 Beyond the Mat (2010) – Editor
 In Memory of My Father (2008) – writer, director, producer, editor, actor
 It's Alright Ma, I'm Only Trying (2000) – producer, actor
 Max, 13 (1999) – actor
 Verses (1999) – actor, editor
 The Reel (1999) – writer, director, actor
 Little Savant (1999) – actor
 Some Girl (1998) – actor
 Father's Day (1997) – actor
 Dogs of Wood's Hole (1997) – actor

Television
Magnum P.I. Film Fest – Director to Watch – Chris Jaymes

References

External links

Official website #1
Official website #2
<mask> on the Super Hero Speak podcast from NYCC

1973 births
Living people
American rock pianists
American male screenwriters
American male film actors
Film producers from California
American male television actors
Male actors from Long Beach, California
Writers from Long Beach, California
Film directors from California
Screenwriters from

masks:
Jaymes
Chris Jaymes


title: Dale Hawerchuk

texts:
<mask> (April 4, 1963 – August 18, 2020) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player and coach. Drafted first overall by the Winnipeg Jets in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for 16 seasons as a member of the Jets, Buffalo Sabres, St. Louis Blues and Philadelphia Flyers. He won the NHL's Calder Memorial Trophy as the league's Rookie of the Year in 1982 and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in his second year of eligibility in 2001. <mask> served as the head coach of the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League from 2010 to 2019. Playing career
<mask> was a young prodigy who received his first pair of skates at age two and, according to his father, "was skating before he could walk." Beginning competitive hockey at age four, <mask> demonstrated superior skills almost immediately. At the Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament, he scored all eight goals during an 8–1 victory in the finals, smashing the long-standing record set by the legendary Guy Lafleur.By age 15, the famed Oshawa Generals offered him a tryout, though he did not make the team. In 1979, <mask> was selected 6th overall by the Cornwall Royals of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, and became somewhat of a rarity; a Toronto-born player starring in the QMJHL. He recorded 103 points and was named Rookie of the Year. <mask> was the playoff MVP and led the Royals to the Memorial Cup championship. In his second junior year, he scored 81 goals and 183 points and led the Royals to their second consecutive Memorial Cup title. He was named a QMJHL First Team All-Star, the Canadian Major Junior Player of the Year, and Memorial Cup MVP. The

masks:
Dale Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk


title: Dale Hawerchuk

texts: Winnipeg Jets selected <mask> first overall in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft, ahead of fellow future Hall of Famers Ron Francis, Grant Fuhr, and Chris Chelios.<mask> immediately became Winnipeg's star attraction, leading the Jets to what was at the time the largest single season turn-around in NHL history, a 48-point improvement. He became the youngest NHL player in history to reach 100 points (a record since broken by Sidney Crosby in 2006), finishing with 103, and winning the Calder Memorial Trophy as the NHL's Rookie of the Year. He also played in that season's All-Star Game. <mask> recorded 91 points in his second season, then hit the 100-plus point plateau for the next five consecutive years, including a career-high 53 goals and 130 points in 1984–85. During the 1990 NHL Entry Draft, <mask> was involved in a blockbuster trade. Along with Winnipeg's 1st round choice (14th overall pick, Brad May) in the draft, he was dealt to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for Phil Housley, Scott Arniel, Jeff Parker and Buffalo's 1st round choice (19th overall pick, Keith Tkachuk). Over the next four years he recorded no fewer than 86 points.His point totals fell off during an injury plagued and lockout shortened 1994–95 season. In 1995, he signed with the St. Louis Blues, recording 41 points in 66 games before a trade to the Philadelphia Flyers in March, 1996. He finished the season strongly, scoring 20 points in the season's final 16 games and adding 9 points in the playoffs. The next season, he was plagued by injuries but managed 34 points and played in his fifth All-Star Game. <mask> announced his retirement from the game following the 1996–97 season at age 34 due to a

masks: Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk


title: Dale Hawerchuk

texts:
 degenerative left hip. His appearance with the Flyers in the 1997 Stanley Cup Finals marked the only time any of his teams advanced past the second round of the playoffs. He played for Team Canada in the 1987 Canada Cup tournament, and had a goal and two assists in the decisive third game of the Finals against the Soviets.Late in the third period, he won the face-off that led to Canada's most famous goal and tied up with the Russian player who tried to check Mario Lemieux at centre ice, allowing Lemieux to take Gretzky's pass in the slot for the series winner. <mask> was named Canada's MVP for that decisive game. Commentators remarked on his ability in the series to switch from being a goal scorer to a mucker and grinder. <mask> was also key to Canada's 1991 Canada Cup victory. In a poll of NHL general managers during the mid-1980s asking them to select the player they would start a franchise with, <mask> was voted third behind only Wayne Gretzky and Paul Coffey. He retired with 518 goals, 891 assists and 1,409 points, placing him 18th on the career NHL points list. He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2001.The Phoenix Coyotes (successor to the Jets) retired <mask>'s No. 10 during the 2006–07 NHL season. Post-playing career
<mask> became the president, director of hockey operations, and primary owner of the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League's Orangeville Crushers in 2007. He left this position in 2010. On June 4, 2010, the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League named <mask> as their head coach and director of hockey operations. The 2010–11 season was a rebuilding one for the Colts, as the team went 15–49–2–2, missing the playoffs for the

masks: Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk


title: Dale Hawerchuk

texts:
 first time in team history. In his sophomore year, the 2011–12 season, <mask> amassed a record of 40–23–3–2; a significant improvement over his rookie season as bench boss of the Colts.Personal life
<mask> was born in Toronto, Ontario, but grew up in Oshawa, Ontario. He was married to Crystal, whom he met in Manitoba while playing for the Jets. The couple had three children. Illness and death
In 2019, <mask> announced he would be taking a leave of absence from the Colts for health reasons, which was later revealed to be stomach cancer. <mask> completed a course of chemotherapy in April 2020, but died on August 18, 2020 at the age of 57. Awards and achievements
RDS Cup (QMJHL Rookie of the Year) (1980)
Guy Lafleur Trophy (QMJHL Playoff MVP) (1980)
QMJHL Championships (1980 and 1981)
Memorial Cup championships (1980 and 1981)
Memorial Cup All-Star First Team (1980 and 1981)
Jean Béliveau Trophy (QMJHL Scoring Champion) (1981)
QMJHL First Team All-Star (1981)
Michel Brière Memorial Trophy (QMJHL Player of the Year) (1981)
Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy (Memorial Cup MVP) (1981)
CHL Player of the Year (1981)
Played in NHL All-Star Game 5 times - 1982,1985,1986,1988,1997
Calder Memorial Trophy winner (1982)
World Championships bronze medal (1982 and 1986)
World Championships silver medal (1989)
NHL Second Team All-Star Centre (1985)
Canada Cup Championships (1987 and 1991)
First NHL player to reach 1000 career NHL games before age 31
Inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2001
Honoured Member of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
 Member of the Manitoba Sports Hall of Fame (2013)
Inducted into the Buffalo Sabres Hall of Fame in 2011
Inducted into the Phoenix

masks: Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk Hawerchuk


title: Dale Hawerchuk

texts:
 Coyotes Ring of Honor in 2007, joining Bobby Hull and Thomas Steen. The Jets/Coyotes franchise retired his number 10 on April 5, 2007.Unlike Hull and Steen, who were honored in Jets colors, <mask>'s number was retired in Coyotes apparel, despite the fact that <mask> never played in Phoenix. Honored by the second Winnipeg Jets franchise: named captain of the Jets' alumni squad at the 2016 Heritage Classic, inducted into the team's Hall of Fame in 2017, and by a planned statue to be erected near the current Jets arena in downtown Winnipeg. Out of respect for <mask>, number 10 has not been worn by any Jets player since that team relocated to Winnipeg in 2011. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Coaching record

See also
Captain (hockey)
List of NHL players with 1000 points
List of NHL players with 500 goals
List of NHL statistical leaders

References

External links
Official website

<mask>'s biography at Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
Profile at hockeydraftcentral.com

1963 births
2020 deaths
Buffalo Sabres players
Calder Trophy winners
Canadian ice hockey centres
Canadian people of Ukrainian descent
Cornwall Royals (QMJHL) players
Deaths from cancer in Ontario
Deaths from stomach cancer
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Memorial Cup winners
National Hockey League All-Stars
National Hockey League first overall draft picks
National Hockey League first round draft picks
National Hockey League players with retired numbers
Philadelphia Flyers players
St. Louis Blues players
Sportspeople from Oshawa
Sportspeople from Toronto
Winnipeg Jets (1972–1996) captains
Winnipeg Jets (1979–1996) draft picks
Winnipeg Jets

masks:
Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk
Hawerchuk
Dale Hawerchuk


title: Alberto Melloni

texts:
<mask> (Reggio nell'Emilia, 6 January 1959) is an Italian church historian and a Unesco Chairholder of the Chair on Religious Pluralism & Peace, primarily known for his work on the Councils and the Second Vatican Council. Since 2020, he is one of the European Commission's Chief Scientific Advisors. Career
He studied in Bologna, at Cornell and in Fribourg (Switzerland) and he has taught at the University of Bologna and Roma Tre University. He is currently Professor of the History of Christianity at the University of Modena-Reggio Emilia. Holder of the Unesco Chair on religious pluralism and peace, he is Director of the Fondazione per le scienze religiose “Giovanni XXIII” in Bologna. He is principal investigator for the European Infraia Rei_Res project headed by the Fondazione, and coordinator of the Resilience research infrastructure project. He spearheaded the establishment of the European Academy of Religion.A research platform which includes institutions, associations, academies, publishers, reviews concerned with the study of religion throughout Europe, the Mediterrean, Middle East, the Balcans, Caucasus and Russia. He worked on the History of the Second Vatican Council directed by Giuseppe Alberigo, and directed the Edizione nazionale dei diari di A.G. Roncalli (Istituto per le scienze religiose, Bologna 2003-2008), the Dizionario del sapere storico religioso del 900 (Il Mulino, Bologna 2010) and Cristiani d'Italia. Chiese, stato, società 1861-2011 (Treccani, Rome 2011). He is chief editor for the project Conciliorum oecumenicorum generaliumqe decreta in Brepols's Corpus Christianorum and for the Mansi 3, a digital


title: Alberto Melloni

texts:
 He is also a columnist for both Il Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica. Professor <mask> is a major contributor to the work on the Second Vatican Council led and promoted by the so-called “scuola di Bologna”. Its research mainly focused on the discontinuity hermeneutics, which differs from the official position of the Church according to a few Italian journalists. Pope Benedict XVI in fact states: "Discontinuity hermeneutics is likely to create an abrupt separation between the pre-conciliar and post-conciliar church".On the other hand, scholars related to the “scuola di Bologna” highlight the fact that the Pope's opinion does not centre exclusively on continuity. According to Melloni it is impossible to read the Pope's words as a mere post-conciliar repentance. In 2020, Professor <mask> was appointed as Chief Scientific Advisor to the European Commission, one of a group of seven as part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism. Selected bibliography

Books
Le cinque perle di Giovanni Paolo II, Milano, Mondadori 2011
Papa Giovanni. Un cristiano e il suo concilio, Torino, Einaudi 2009
La storia che giudica la storia che assolve, saggi di O. Marquard e A. Melloni, Roma-Bari, Laterza 2008
L'inizio di papa Ratzinger. Lezioni sul conclave del 2005 e sull'incipit del pontificato di Benedetto XVI, Torino 2006
Chiesa madre, chiesa matrigna. Un discorso storico sul cristianesimo che cambia, Torino 2004
Il conclave.Storia di una istituzione, Bologna 2001, 298 pp. ; tr.ted. Freiburg a.M. 2002; tr.sp. Madrid 2002; tr.port. Rio de Janeiro 2002; tr.fr. Paris 2003; tr.pol. Warszawa 2004; (ried.Il conclave. Storia dell'elezione del papa,

masks: Melloni Melloni


title: Alberto Melloni

texts:
 Bologna 2005)
L'altra Roma. Politica e S. Sede durante il concilio Vaticano II (1959–1965), Bologna 2000
Il Giornale dell'Anima di Giovanni XXIII, Milano 2000
Tra Istanbul, Atene e la guerra. A.G. Roncalli vicario e delegato apostolico (1935–1944), Genova (Marietti) 1993, 325 pp. Innocenzo IV. La concezione e l'esperienza della cristianità come regimen unius personæ, prefazione di B. Tierney, Genova, Marietti 1990

Critical editions
 Corpus Christianorum - Conciliorum œcumenicorum generaliumqe decreta, ed. G. Alberigo et A. Melloni, Turnhout  2007 vol.1; 2010 vol. 3; 2011 vol. 2, 2013 vol. 4-5
 Cronache sociali, 1947-1951, edizione anastatica integrale e introduzione a cura di <mask> , Bologna (Istituto per le scienze religiose) 2007, 1893 pp. con DVD
 Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII, «Il Giornale dell'Anima», Edizione critica ed annotazione a cura di <mask> , Bologna (Istituto per le scienze religiose) 2002m 545 pp. (I ed. 1987, 802 pp.)Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Poesie , a cura di A. <mask>, Bose 1999
 M.-D. Chenu, Notes quotidiennes au Concile , Paris 1995, pp. 7–54; [tr.it. Bologna 1996]
 Angelo G. Roncalli-Giovanni XXIII, La predicazione ad Istanbul. Omelie, discorsi e note pastorali (1935-1944), a cura di <mask>, Firenze (L.S. Olschki) 1993, 420 pp. Giuseppe Dossetti, La ricerca costituente. Interventi 1945-1952 , Bologna 1994

See also
Giuseppe Dossetti
Pope John XXIII
Pope John Paul II
Pope Innocent IV
Marie-Dominique Chenu
Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Notes

External links
 Fondazione per le scienze religiose “Giovanni XXIII”
 Corpus Christianorum
 European Academy of Religion

Italian historians
1959 births
Living

masks:
Alberto Melloni
Alberto Melloni
Melloni
Alberto Melloni


title: Pepper Adams

texts:
Park Frederick "<mask><mask> (October 8, 1930 – September 10, 1986) was an American jazz baritone saxophonist and composer. He composed 42 pieces, was the leader on eighteen albums spanning 28 years, and participated in 600 sessions as a sideman. He worked with an array of musicians, and had especially fruitful collaborations with trumpeter Donald Byrd and as a member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Highland Park, Michigan, to father <mask> II and mother Cleo Marie Coyle. Both of his parents were college graduates, with each spending some time at the University of Michigan. Due to the onset of the Great Depression, <mask>' parents separated to allow his father to find work without geographic dependence. In the fall of 1931, <mask> moved with his mother to his extended family's farm near Columbia City, Indiana, where food and support were more readily available.In 1933, <mask> began playing piano. His father having reunited with the family, they moved to Rochester, New York, in 1935 and in that city he began his musical efforts on tenor sax and clarinet. Two years later, <mask> began deepening his developing passion for music by listening to Fats Waller's daily radio show. He was also influenced at a young age by listening to Fletcher Henderson's big band radio broadcasts out of Nashville, Jimmie Lunceford, Duke Ellington, and Cab Calloway. <mask> would later describe "[his] time up until the age of eight or so [as] really just traveling from one place to another". As early as 4th grade, <mask> sold cigarettes and candy door-to-door in order to contribute to his family's income for essential items.

masks:
Pepper
" Adams III
Pepper Adams
Park Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams


title: Pepper Adams

texts: <mask>' interest in performing further grew in 6th grade when the public school system offered a loaned musical instrument to any student who was interested, and further musical instruction if he could get into the school band.Initially <mask> chose the trumpet, then the trombone, but eventually settled on the clarinet, which he played in the school band. The following year <mask> attained his lifelong nickname of "<mask>" due to former St. Louis Cardinals star <mask> signing on to manage and play for the hometown minor league team, the Rochester Red Wings. <mask>' classmates saw a resemblance between the two, and the nickname stuck. Later in his career, <mask> also attained the nickname "the Knife" for "his 'slashing and chopping technique', which had a humbling effect upon musicians fortunate enough to gig with him". In 1943, <mask> skipped school for a week in order to see Ellington play local gigs. He eventually met Rex Stewart, who further introduced him to Harry Carney and other band members. This led to <mask> being able to take lessons from Skippy Williams, who was the tenor saxophonist in Ellington's band.<mask> switched to the tenor saxophone in the fall of 1943 due to his jobs as a box cutter in the mail order room of a jazz store and an usher at a movie theater, which gave him enough money to buy the instrument. His job at the jazz store also allowed him to listen to all of the newest available jazz records  and led to his emulation of Coleman Hawkins, who he had heard play locally in 1945, and interest in the music of Don Byas. <mask>' first steady gig came in 1946 with a six-piece group led by Ben Smith, which then caused him to drop

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
Pepper
Pepper Martin
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams


title: Pepper Adams

texts:
 out of school in the 11th grade due to working six nights a week. Early playing career
At age 16, <mask> and his mother moved to Detroit, where he soon began playing with Willie Wells, who he had heard play for Fletcher Henderson, Fats Navarro, Tommy Flanagan, and Willie Anderson. He had received casual instruction from Wardell Gray and Billy Mitchell, and played with a group led by Little John Wilson as well. Through the employee discount from his job at Grinnell's, a music store in Detroit, <mask> purchased what would become his main instrument: the baritone saxophone. He initially purchased a used Bundy baritone saxophone, but later traded it in for a new Selmer 'Balanced Action' E-flat baritone in 1948, which he used until 1978.This switch proved to be successful, as he was soon playing in Lucky Thompson's band. In Detroit, <mask> also met several jazz musicians who would become future performing partners, including trumpeter Donald Byrd. He attended Wayne State University. <mask> became interested in Wardell Gray's approach to the saxophone, later naming Gray and Harry Carney as his influences. He also spent time in a United States Army band, and briefly had a tour of duty in Korea. Upon returning from Korea, <mask> began playing at the Blue Bird Inn in Detroit where he played with Thad Jones under the leadership of Beans Richardson. When Jones left to play with Count Basie, <mask> then became the music director at the Blue Bird.In late 1954 <mask> left the Blue Bird to join Kenny Burrell's group at Klein's Show Bar, also in Detroit, where he would later become musical director following Burrell's departure. Following the recommendation of

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams


title: Pepper Adams

texts: friend Oscar Pettiford, <mask> joined the Stan Kenton Orchestra in 1956, where he played for a majority of the year until leaving the group to form a new ensemble with Lee Katzman and Mel Lewis in Los Angeles. Before moving to California, <mask> also recorded with Kenny Clarke, Curtis Fuller, and Quincy Jones. In April 1957, <mask> joined Chet Baker's group, where he played for about a year. He later moved to New York City, where he performed on the album Baritones and French Horns with Cecil Payne (later re-issued as Dakar as by John Coltrane, who also played on the album), worked with Lee Morgan on The Cooker, and briefly worked with Benny Goodman's band in 1958. During this time, <mask> also began working with Charles Mingus, performing on one of Mingus's Atlantic albums of the period, Blues & Roots, which includes <mask>' extended solo on "Moanin'". Thereafter, he recorded with Mingus sporadically until the latter's death in 1979.<mask> formed a quintet with Donald Byrd in 1958 that lasted until 1961. Following the breakup of the Donald Byrd–Pepper Adams Quintet, <mask> Jones–Pepper Adams Quintet. During this phase, he performed with the likes of Teddy Charles, Pony Poindexter, Marcus Belgrave, Thelonious Monk, and Lionel Hampton. In September 1963, <mask> made an agreement with Motown Records for an exclusive recording contract and an exclusive management contract with International Talent Management, a Motown affiliate. Prior to signing with Motown, <mask> turned down an offer from Harry James to play in his Las Vegas-based band because it was extremely commercial and presented few opportunities to solo, despite its $10,000 annual salary.

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adamshad Adams Adams


title: Pepper Adams

texts:
 Partnership with Thad Jones
He later became a founding member of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band, with whom he played from 1965 to 1976, and thereafter continued to record Jones's compositions on many of his own albums. <mask> also co-led a quintet with Donald Byrd from 1958 to 1962, with whom he recorded a live date, 10 to 4 at the 5 Spot (Riverside), featuring Elvin Jones, and a sequence of albums for Blue Note.During this time he also played with the Sal Salvador Big Band at the Diamond Beach Club in Wildwood, New Jersey, in August 1965, along with Teddy Charles in early 1966, and Ella Fitzgerald in 1967. Most of the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Big Band performances took place at the Village Vanguard in New York City, along with many colleges and other locations around the United States, Europe, and Asia. The 18-year period spent with Thad Jones was filled with almost constant touring when the band was not playing their steady gig at the Village Vanguard. One of the ensemble's most frequent performing locations outside the United States was the Montmartre in Copenhagen, Denmark. Solo career
<mask>' solo career began in 1977 in California, where he initially stayed with John and Ron Marabuto. He soon played gigs with Mingus, Baker, and Hampton, with whom he went on a two-month European tour in 1978. On March 18, 1978, <mask> purchased a new Selmer baritone saxophone that served as his interim back-up instrument for his original saxophone that he had been using since 1948.In 1979, <mask> played several gigs with Per Husby across Norway. On June 5, 1980, the Berg Larsen mouthpiece <mask> had been using for 32 years finally broke, which led him to replace

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams


title: Pepper Adams

texts:
 it with a Dukoff D-5 mouthpiece and a Bari plastic reed. The following day <mask> premiered his new set-up at One Step Down in Washington, D.C.

<mask> began composing "Urban Dreams" on July 29, 1980, on a flight to London for a short European tour. <mask> finally replaced his original Selmer E-flat 'Balanced Action' baritone saxophone in December 1980 after 31 years of use. In 1981, <mask> performed with Rein de Graaff's trio, Per Husby's trio, and the Franco D'Andrea trio for three short European tours. When in New York City, <mask> performed at Fat Tuesday's several times during this period of his career, one of which, Conjuration: Fat Tuesday's Session, earned him a Grammy nomination in 1984 for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance as a Soloist. In later years, <mask> toured England and continental Europe several times, performing there with local rhythm sections, and he performed with a Count Basie tribute band at the Grande Parade du Jazz in Nice.Leg injury and end of career
<mask>' life was severely altered by the leg injury he sustained in December 1983, which was caused by his car's parking brake becoming disengaged on his slanted driveway. This led the car to pin <mask> up against his garage door, crushing his leg and restricting him to bed rest for the following five months. Despite the long recovery from his injury, <mask> began playing again and exhibited his love for performing in October 1984 by flying from New York City all the way to Singapore for a one-night gig, then returning two days later. He eventually regained the strength in his leg to move without the use of a wheelchair or cane in January 1985, after more than a year of

masks: Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams Adams


title: Pepper Adams

texts:
 recovery. <mask> was a chain smoker for most of his life. While in Sweden in March 1985, he visited a chest specialist at the suggestion of a friend, Gunnar Windahl, and was diagnosed with lung cancer. He was hospitalized for testing later that month in New York, then was forced to take a break from performing or traveling for two months that summer in order to undergo radiation treatments.A benefit concert was held for <mask> on September 29, 1985, in New York City that featured Dizzy Gillespie, Frank Foster, Kenny Burrell, Tommy Flanagan, and the Mel Lewis Jazz Orchestra, among others. Despite his various health issues, <mask> continued pushing himself professionally, which was exemplified by his stretch in Dublin, Ireland, April 4–6, 1986, when he played five gigs over three days with five different bands. <mask> was diagnosed with pleurisy in April 1986 and died of lung cancer in Brooklyn, New York, on September 10, 1986. His final performance took place on July 2, 1986, at the Spectrum in Montreal as part of the Montreal Jazz Festival. Before counting off the first song, he received a standing ovation from the crowd. Style
<mask> was in many ways the antithesis of near-contemporary baritone players Gerry Mulligan and Serge Chaloff, who favored melodic cool jazz. In contrast, <mask> managed to bring the cumbersome baritone into the blisteringly fast speeds of hard bop.Gary Carner, <mask>'s biographer, described his style as having "very long, tumbling, double-time melodic lines. And that raw, piercing, bark-like timbre." <mask> "succeeded in elevating [the baritone saxophone] to the level of all other solo instruments [with] blinding speed,

masks:
Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams
Pepper Adams
Adams
Adams
Adams


title: Pepper Adams

texts:
 penetrating timbre, distinctive sound, harmonic ingenuity, precise articulation, confident time-feel, and use of melodic paraphrase". Throughout his career, <mask> consistently chose musical expression over large paychecks, as "[he] repeatedly recalled with great satisfaction his decision to play [in groups focused on musical expression] rather than to change his style to secure better paying jobs with now little-known white musicians". A large part of <mask>' appeal was that "[he] had the remarkable ability to blow low with enormous power and swing, becoming a hefty addition to big band reed sections. He also was an equally dominant voice in small groups, adding ferocious excitement and stamina". Despite his prowess at hard bop, <mask> was also adept at ballads and slower numbers.An example is his contribution to the album Chet (1958) including a solo on the bittersweet "Alone Together" that critic Dave Nathan described as "one of the album's high points". Awards and honors
He won DownBeats New Star award in 1957 and was named baritone soloist of the year for 1980. <mask> was nominated three times for a Grammy Award, including nominations for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance as a Soloist for Reflectory in 1979 and Best Jazz Soloist for The Master.... In the 1975  Playboy magazine annual music poll, he was named an All Star's All-Star. In 1967 <mask> received the Talent Deserving of Wider Recognition award from DownBeat. From 1979 to 1982, <mask> won the award for best baritone saxophonist from DownBeats International Jazz Critics' Poll on four consecutive occasions, something <mask> attributed to his frequent touring of Europe throughout his


title: Pepper Adams

texts:
 career. In December 1982, <mask> won the DownBeat Readers' Poll award for the best baritone saxophonist in the world, unseating Gerry Mulligan, who had held that distinction since 1953.Discography

As leader/co-leader
Baritones and French Horns (Prestige, 16rpm LP issue, 1957) with the Prestige All Stars; conventional LP release of session led by <mask> as Dakar under John Coltrane's name
Pepper Adams Quintet (Mode, 1957)
Critics' Choice (Pacific Jazz, 1957)
The Cool Sound of <mask> (Regent/Savoy, 1957)
The <mask>nepper Quintet (MetroJazz, 1958) with Jimmy Knepper
10 to 4 at the 5 Spot (Riverside, 1958)
Motor City Scene  (Bethlehem, 1960) with Donald Byrd
Out of This World (Warwick, 1961) with Donald Byrd
<mask> Plays the Compositions of Charlie Mingus (Workshop Jazz, 1963)
Mean What You Say  (Milestone, 1966) with Thad Jones
Encounter! (Prestige, 1968)
Ephemera (Spotlite, 1973)
Julian (Enja, 1975)
Twelfth & Pingree (Enja, 1975)
Baritone Madness (Bee Hive, 1977) with Nick Brignola
Reflectory (Muse, 1978)
Be-Bop? (Prestige, 1967)
Bull's Eye! (Blue Note, 1967)

With The Mitchells: Red Mitchell, Whitey Mitchell, Blue Mitchell and André Previn
Get Those Elephants Out'a Here (MetroJazz, 1958)

With Hank Mobley
Poppin' (Blue Note, 1957)
With Thelonious Monk

The Thelonious Monk Orchestra at Town Hall (Riverside, 1959)

With Lee Morgan
The Cooker (Blue Note, 1957)
Standards (Blue Note, 1967)

With Oliver Nelson
More Blues and the Abstract Truth (Impulse!, 1964)

With Duke Pearson
 Dedication! (Prestige, 1970, rec. 1961), issued as Minor Mishap (Black Lion, 1989) under Freddie Hubbard's name
Honeybuns (Atlantic, 1965)
Introducing Duke Pearson's Big Band

masks:
Adams
Adams
Pepper Adams
Pepper K
Pepper Adams


title: Chen Long-bin

texts:
<mask> () is a Taiwanese contemporary sculptor. Biography
<mask> was born in 1964 in Taipei, Taiwan. He received a BFA from the Fine Arts Department at Tunghai University, and an MFA from the School of Visual Arts in New York. He is known for using the cultural debris of our modern society, such as old, discarded books, newspapers, phonebooks, and magazines as the medium for his sculptures. <mask> is self-taught in carving wood, but started showing interest in our paper culture as a viable material for art – phonebooks, magazines, and computer paper when PC’s began growing popular in 1993. The advent of the personal computer changed the entire nature of information documentation – a role books used to play. Thus, by turning paper into the original wood for his sculptures, <mask> offers renewed value to the meaning of paper.He uses chainsaws, drills, band saws, sanders, and scissors, along with other carpenter's tools to shape his remarkable busts and figures, which appear stone, or even marble like from a distance. <mask> who has won prizes in Europe, Taipei, and Japan, has exhibited extensively at galleries and museums for many years in Japan, Korea, France, (Germany), Hong Kong, Italy, London, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States, and can also be found in numerous international public and private collections. He has been awarded artist fellowship grants from Taiwan's National Endowment for the Arts, the Joan Mitchell Foundation in New York and the Freeman Foundation. In 1995, he received the Visitor's Prize of the Sixth Triennial of Small Scale Sculpture in Stuttgart, Germany. And in 1998, he received the Silver Prize at the Osaka Triennial in Japan. For <mask>, using recycled materials to make art stresses the challenges presented by

masks:
Chen Long bin
Chen Long bin
Chen
Chen
Chen
Chen


title: Chen Long-bin

texts: endless human consumption and waste, as well as the tantamount ecological problems of waste accumulation and disposal, the destruction of forests, and the mindless use of nonrenewable resources. The reams of used computer paper disprove the assurance of the electronic paper-less office, which instead augments the use of paper, as printing is made much easier.Furthermore, his choice of medium also poses as a commentary on the loss of books as aesthetic objects, which have been replaced by mass-produced cheaply made paperbacks. Books are extremely important to <mask>. However, it is not the book itself, but its educational heritage, literary importance, historical knowledge, and the sacredness of the written word that he treasures most. The type of materials he acquires in a sense determines the sculpture he creates. While in New York, he scoured the streets of Manhattan collecting discarded refuse, scouted offices for their rejected reams of paper, visited brownstone streets to gather cast off telephone books when new ones were distributed. And now, living in Taipei, <mask> obtains his material from university libraries and bookstores, publishing companies, archeological museums, and telephone companies. The special quality of <mask>'s works is that people can still read the pages.“I try to make sculptures that are appropriate for the content of the books. In my concept, the form and content is united together; the content gives me the idea of the form. Yellow Pages give me one kind of idea; books discarded from libraries inspire different styles…" Often, his art reflects the content of the pages within, such as one hanging installation featuring spirals of books with peepholes in which one can view a scene from the story within the original

masks: Chen Chen Chen


title: Sister Souljah

texts:
<mask> (born Lisa Williamson, January 28, 1964, Bronx, New York) is an American author, activist, musician, and film producer. She gained prominence for Bill Clinton's criticism of her remarks about race in the United States during the 1992 presidential campaign. Clinton's well-known repudiation of her comments led to what is now known in American politics as a <mask>jah moment. Early life
<mask> was born in the Bronx, New York. She recounts in her memoir No Disrespect that she was born into poverty and raised on welfare for some years. At the age of 10, she moved with her family to the suburb of Englewood, New Jersey, a suburb with a strong African-American presence. Englewood is also home to other famous black artists such as George Benson, Eddie Murphy, and Regina Belle.There she attended Dwight Morrow High School. <mask> disliked what American students were being taught in school systems across the country. She felt that the school systems intentionally left out the African origins of civilization. In addition, she criticized the absence of a comprehensive curriculum of African-American history, which she felt that all students, black and white, needed to learn and understand in order to be properly educated. She felt that she was being taught very little of her history, since the junior high school and high school left out Black history, art, and culture. "I supplemented my education in the white American school system by reading African history, which was intentionally left out of the curriculum of American students," she commented. From 1978 to 1981 she attended Dwight Morrow High School, which had a relatively even distribution of black, Latino, and Jewish student enrollment and a majority-black administration during the time of her studies.She was a legislative intern in the House of

masks:
Sister Souljah
Sister Soul
Sister Souljah
Souljah


title: Sister Souljah

texts: Representatives. <mask> was also the recipient of several honors during her teenage years. She won the American Legion's Constitutional Oratory Contest, for which she received a scholarship to attend Cornell University's Advanced Summer Program. In her college years she traveled widely, visiting Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, Finland, and Russia. Her education was reinforced with first-hand experiences as she worked in a medical center in Mtepa Tepa, a village located in Zimbabwe, and assisted refugee children from Mozambique. She also traveled to South Africa and Zambia. She graduated from Rutgers University with a dual major in American History and African Studies.She became a well-known and outspoken voice on campus and wrote for the school newspaper. One of her noted campus initiatives was spearheading a campaign to bring Jesse Jackson to Rutgers to speak against the university's controversial investments in apartheid South Africa at the time, when disinvestment from South Africa was a heated political issue. <mask> was part of the Rutgers Coalition for Divestment, which successfully prompted the Rutgers University administration to divest US$3.6 million in its financial holding companies doing business in that country. Sister <mask> and students across the state of New Jersey also organized a successful campaign to get the state of New Jersey to divest more than US$1 billion of its financial holdings in apartheid-era South Africa. In 1985, during her senior year at Rutgers University, she was offered a job by Reverend Benjamin Chavis of the United Church of Christ Commission for Racial Justice. She spent the next three years developing, organizing, and financing programs such as African Survival Camp, a six-week summer sleepaway camp in Enfield, North Carolina. She also became the organizer of

masks:
Souljah
Sister Souljah
Souljah


title: Sister Souljah

texts:
 the National African Youth-Student Alliance and outspoken voice against racially motivated violence in cases such as the race murder at Howard Beach, the racially motivated murder of Yusuf Hawkins, and more.Career

Recording artist
<mask> appeared on several tracks as a featured guest with the hip-hop group Public Enemy, and she became a full member of the group when Professor Griff was forced to leave after making anti-Semitic remarks. In 1992, she released her only album, 360 Degrees of Power. Statement about riots
<mask> became infamous for her statements about the 1992 Los Angeles riots. In an interview conducted May 13, 1992, she was quoted in The Washington Post as saying, "If black people kill black people every day, why not have a week and kill white people?" The quotation was later reproduced in the media, and she was widely criticized. Presidential candidate Bill Clinton publicly criticized that statement and Jesse Jackson for allowing her to be on his Rainbow Coalition. The incident resulted in the phrase "Sister Souljah moment" being coined to describe a politician's public repudiation of extremist views that are perceived to have some association with the politician's own faction or party.Author
In 1994, <mask> published a memoir titled No Disrespect. In 1999, she made her debut as a novelist with The Coldest Winter Ever. Souljah said that she was the pioneer for starting "a renaissance, or what Chuck D of Public Enemy would call a revolution, of reading." , Souljah was on the New York Times Bestseller List three times. The Coldest Winter Ever was widely acclaimed for making the second wave of the genre known as street literature more popular. About this, Souljah said:  A sequel of the novel, Life After Death, was published in March 2021. Midnight: A Gangster Love Story, originally scheduled

masks:
Souljah
Souljah
Sister Souljah