title: Oscar Taveras

texts:
 Year award after batting .316 with five home runs and 17 RBI as the Águilas clinched the league's best record. In a skills ("Best Tools") survey, Baseball America found <mask> the "Best Hitter for Average".Entering the 2013 season, Baseball America ranked <mask> as the Cardinals' best prospect and the third-best prospect in all of baseball. MLB.com also ranked <mask> as the Cardinals' number-one prospect, and the number-three prospect in its Top 50 Prospects. Prior to the 2013 World Baseball Classic, <mask>' agent was approached about him playing for the Canadian national baseball team. The Cardinals promoted him to the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds of the Pacific Coast League. In each game from May 6–10, <mask> collected at least one RBI. He batted .362 with 17 hits in 47 at bats for the month of May. However, injury obstructed his in-game action.While sliding into second base in a May 12 game, his ankle caught and pronated awkwardly on the bag, resulting in a high-ankle sprain. He played in just 15 games after that for the season and in 46 total. Surgery to correct the sprain, performed by Dr. Robert Anderson, ended his season in August. For the season, <mask> rendered a .306 batting average with 12 doubles, five home runs and 32 RBI. It was the fourth consecutive season in which he batted at least .300. Especially productive against right-handed pitching, he forged a .366 batting average (37-for-101) with four HR and 24 RBI. Further, he generated three four-hit games and 15 multi-hit games while hitting safely in 31 overall.In 18 games, he provided at least one RBI, and in nine, recorded multiple runners driven in. In Baseball America'''s "Best Tools" survey, he was rated the "Best Hitter for Average" in the Cardinals organization. The Cardinals added <mask> to their 40-man roster on November 20, 2013. St. Louis Cardinals (2014)
Beginning in the 2014

masks: Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras


title: Oscar Taveras

type: original

texts: season, MLB.com ranked <mask> as the second-best prospect in all of MLB, behind only Byron Buxton of the Minnesota Twins organization. The Cardinals invited him to spring training. Although team officials believed that his ankle had fully healed in time for 2014 spring training, he hesitated to fully trust the ankle in performance. A hamstring injury followed, limiting him to just six at-bats.The Cardinals optioned him to minor league camp on March 14. On May 30, 2014, the Cardinals called <mask> up to their MLB roster in one of the most anticipated promotions in all MLB. He became the first from Sosúa to reach the major leagues. At that point, he had been batting .325 with a .373 OBP and a .524 SLG at Memphis. Other totals included seven HR and 40 RBI in 49 games and 191 at-bats. <mask> was held hitless in consecutive games just once. In his last 10 games, he collected hits in all but one, batting .462.During those same 10 games, he fashioned two three-hit games and one four-hit outing. In 209 plate appearances, he walked just 14 times, but also struck out just 25 for a 12.1% strikeout rate. Making his MLB debut at Busch Stadium on the afternoon of Saturday, May 31, against the San Francisco Giants, <mask> flied out in his first at-bat. However, he launched his first hit and home run, which traveled , in his next at-bat. It occurred with one out in the bottom of the fifth inning against starting pitcher Yusmeiro Petit. He became the youngest to hit a home run in his major league debut for the Cardinals since Eddie Morgan in 1936. It also started to rain, immediately forcing a 47-minute delay.The home run proved to be the game-winning run as the Cardinals won, 2–0. <mask> hit his first MLB single the next day, June 1. When Matt Adams came off the DL June 19, <mask>' 22nd birthday, the Cardinals optioned him back to Memphis after batting .189 with a

masks: Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras


title: Oscar Taveras

texts:
 .225 OBP and .297 SLG in 40 PA. Despite the low rate statistics, he showed a marked ability to get contact on MLB pitching. His contact rate of 92.3% on pitches outside of the strike zone surpassed the MLB average of 65.7% for all non-pitchers. His miss rate of 2.5% on swinging strikes was significantly lower than the MLB average of 9.1%. One month after his first call-up, the Cardinals recalled <mask> on June 30.He was batting .318 with a .502 SLG at Memphis. To allow him more playing opportunities, the Cardinals traded slumping incumbent right fielder Allen Craig to the Boston Red Sox on the July 31 non-waiver trade deadline. His first career three-hit game was on September 7 against the Milwaukee Brewers. That series, he played three of the four games, collecting five hits in eight at-bats with a home run and four RBI. It was one of eight multi-hit games on the year. <mask> finished the 2014 season with a batting average of .239 in 80 major league games. He appeared on the postseason roster for the Cardinals, playing exclusively as a pinch hitter, and collected three hits and two runs scored in seven total at bats.His postseason debut was in the National League Division Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers. One hit was a home run that tied the score in Game 2 of the National League Championship Series against the Giants, the only game the Cardinals won in the series; as it turned out, it was the final hit in his career. His final tweet was "Thanks for all the fan support!" on October 13. Skills profile
Regarded as a left-handed hitting version of Vladimir Guerrero (also a native of the Dominican Republic), one of <mask>' prized skills was an ability that few possess to square the bat on—and effectively hit—pitches that are out of the strike zone, much as the case was with Guerrero. Because of his bat speed and the wide range of pitch locations of

masks: Taveras Taveras Taveras


title: Oscar Taveras

texts:
 which he could hit, <mask> successfully unraveled what are termed as "pitcher's pitches", which helped contribute to his high batting average. An aggressive hitter, <mask> maintained control with his smooth swing.With a wide batting stance and slight leg kick that "allows him to maintain both incredible balance and timing", he shifted his weight on his left (back) leg "before connecting with the ball with an explosive, quick swing." His combination of strong, quick hands and excellent hand-eye coordination allowed him to assert considerable bat control to make constant, square contact with the incoming pitch. With an ability to drive the ball to all fields, his power ceiling was high, projected with 25 to 30 home runs in his peak. His preparation also received high marks. Through 2013, <mask>' career minor league batting average was .320 with 45 home runs and 275 RBIs in 374 games. Although <mask>' defensive skills were not as prodigious as his hitting abilities, he ran routes well and had solid instincts. Earlier in his professional career, he gained a reputation for concentrating too heavily on hitting at the expense of his fielding.However, <mask> worked to increase his abilities in the outfield. With a strong throwing arm, his defensive skills projected him to be a corner outfielder, particularly in right field. However, the Cardinals believed that <mask> showed the range and skill to be an effective center fielder so he began taking an apprenticeship to learn the position. Death
On October 26, 2014, <mask> and his girlfriend, Edilia Arvelo, both died in a car accident on the Sosúa-Cabarete freeway in Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic, in which his red Chevrolet Camaro ran off the road and hit a tree. <mask> suffered multiple injuries and was pronounced dead while receiving care at Sosúa Cabarete Medical Center. Arvelo suffered injuries to the head

masks: Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras Taveras


title: Oscar Taveras

texts:
 and to the chest. The accident occurred at 7:40 PM ET, just before the start of Game 5 of the 2014 World Series.Cardinals chairman William DeWitt, Jr. issued the following statement:

Cardinals general manager John Mozeliak made a statement saying:

Cardinals Manager Mike Matheny stated, "There is not a more accurate word ("love") for how a group of men share a deep and genuine concern for each other. We loved <mask>, and he loved us. That is what a team does. That is what a family does." Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig stated, "With heavy hearts, tonight we play Game 5 of the 2014 World Series in the memory of these two young people." Aftermath and legacy
Observances on behalf of Arvelo and <mask> were held for Game 6 of the World Series, including a moment of silence before the first pitch. Kansas City Royals starting pitcher Yordano Ventura wrote "R.I.P.O.T #18" on his hat along with other tributes on his cleats and glove. His hat was turned in for display at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum. Ventura himself went on to die in a car crash in the Dominican Republic less than three years later. On October 28, the Cardinals left the right field lights on at Busch Stadium and released a Twitter photo of the scene the next day. More than an estimated 5,000 gathered for <mask>'s funeral in Sosúa, including about 40 who gathered on the rooftop of a cemetery church. Many of the mourners wore jerseys with "El Fenómeno"'' printed on their backs. "He was like Superman here.He was here to uplift kids and put the town on the map. He was the hope," said teammate Carlos Martínez. Martínez requested to change his uniform number from 44 to 18 (<mask>'s number) to honor him in part because they were also friends. The team granted his request. <mask> had left behind a one-year-old son, <mask> <mask>. Questions arose as to whether he was intoxicated in

masks:
Oscar
Taveras
Taveras
Taveras
Taveras
Oscar Yadier
Taveras


title: Oscar Taveras

texts:
 that fatal crash on the Sosúa-Cabarete freeway. On November 11, press releases confirmed that his blood alcohol content was 0.287, nearly six times the legal limit for the Dominican Republic.After the second alcohol-related fatality to a Cardinals player in a decade, following that of Josh Hancock in 2007, John Mozeliak lamented the circumstances of the player's death. He declared that the team would take a greater role in educating young players to "avoid reckless actions". In January 2015, DeWitt announced plans for the Cardinals to renovate a baseball field in Sosúa in <mask>'s honor, modeled after the Cardinals Care facilities in Greater St. Louis. The team would also wear black circular patches inscribed with OT (Taveras's initials) inside a white circle on their jerseys. The patch will omit Taveras's No. 18 because Carlos Martínez was already wearing it as his uniform number as a tribute. A large decal in his memorial was posted in the home team bullpen of Busch Stadium along with the ones of Hancock and former pitcher Darryl Kile, who died of coronary artery disease during the 2002 season while still active.Awards

See also

List of baseball players who died during their careers
List of people from the Dominican Republic

References

External links

1992 births
2014 deaths
Baseball people from Quebec
Black Canadian baseball players
Canadian expatriate baseball players in the United States
Canadian people of Dominican Republic descent
Sportspeople of Dominican Republic descent
Dominican Republic emigrants to Canada
Gulf Coast Cardinals players
Johnson City Cardinals players
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Memphis Redbirds players
People from Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic
Quad Cities River Bandits players
Road incident deaths in the Dominican Republic
Springfield Cardinals players
Sportspeople from Montreal
St. Louis


title: Thakar Singh

texts:
<mask> (26 March 1929 – 6 March 2005) was a spiritual teacher in the contemporary Sant Mat (Radha Soami) lineage of Sikh religious leaders. Initiated by <mask> in 1965, he began work as a Satguru himself in 1976, following the death of <mask>. <mask> distributed what he paraphrased from <mask> as, "a practical form of spirituality which is not connected to any particular religion, sect, or thought." While he was born into Sikhism, and wore the traditional Sikh garb all his life, he gave up its traditional outer practices soon after initiation and devoted himself wholly to the Sant Mat spiritual practices known as Surat Shabd Yoga and Naam. Continuing <mask>'s emphasis on the unity of all religions, <mask> frequently referred to the Bible when addressing Westerners, the Adi Granth, Ramayana and other Indian scriptures in India, and the Qur'an when addressing Muslim people. He gave thousands of talks in his 30 years as a Master, his message being one of transcendence of the material and devotion to God, the "unchangeable permanence behind all things". Biography
The documentation on <mask>'s life is mainly limited to the few details he communicated about himself during his talks and public appearances.A biography composed of stories about the Master was collected by Wendy Heid in 1994, and it touches the central points from the perspective of the inner, spiritual aspirations. It has few points of contact with concrete people, places, or times. <mask> <mask> corrected and edited this work, however, and it was subsequently reprinted in 2000 and again in 2005, so the facts presented are probably authentic. There are also some biographical materials made available by his organisation Know Thyself As Soul, International, although they have few details or specifics and again focus in the main on the inner life. Period of discipleship
Thakar's daily routine during his period of discipleship is described in a talk he gave at the Bhandara (death anniversary) of Sant Kirpal <mask> on 21 August 2003:

Devotional work
Thakar began

masks:
Sant Thakar Singh
Kirpal Singh
Kirpal Singh
Thakar Singh
Kirpal Singh
Kirpal Singh
Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Singh


title: Thakar Singh

texts:
 to work in the capacity of a preacher, and to hold Satsang (spiritual gatherings) in his home and elsewhere. This was a logical continuation of the devotional music classes and study classes of the Adi Granth he had been giving privately for many years; the only difference was that instead of preaching against the physical master, he now explained the Guru Granth Sahib in the light of his inner experiences. Sant Kirpal <mask>ar's city by invitation and visited his home in this time frame (exact date and location in the Punjab unknown, but near to Amritsar):

Each Sunday on his day off, Thakar would travel from one town to another to give satsang.Sometimes he would visit as many as four towns in one day. He also increased his meditation time on work days to four, five, and then six hours. In 1970, Sant Kirpal <mask> issued an invitation to all of his initiates in the form of a circular letter inviting anyone who wanted to have special instruction on how to give satsang to come to Delhi and receive personal lessons. Thakar applied for a four-month leave of absence from his work and began this intensive meditation retreat in the presence of the master with four other aspirants. The retreat consisted of 12 to 14 hours of meditation daily as the main regimen. Thakar returned to work after four months and continued his practices. When Sant Kirpal <mask> died in 1974, Thakar applied for a long leave of absence and went into intensive meditation for up to 16 hours a day for an extended period.Afterwards he did not return to work but kept extending his leave, taking unpaid leave or making other arrangements until he retired early, at the age of 47. Guruship
Sant Kirpal <mask> did not publicly name a successor, and after his death in 1974, a number of proposed successors appeared including Sant Darshan <mask> (Sant Kirpal <mask>'s physical son), Sant Ajaib <mask>, Soami Divyanand, and others. <mask> <mask> began work in the role of Guru at Sawan Asham in Delhi on 7 February 1976. Within four months he travelled to Germany and

masks:
Singhhak
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh


title: Thakar Singh

texts:
 then later that year to Mexico. In 1979 he visited the United States for the first time. His first American representative was named Bernadine Chard. In 1987 he visited Canada.<mask> <mask>'s mission grew steadily over time and he was responsible for a number of innovations and records. He was the first Sant Mat Master to visit Africa, making a five-month tour through the continent and visiting twelve countries, from October to February 1989. He also visited the Far East for the first time that year, going to South Korea, The Philippine Islands, Hong Kong, Thailand, and Taiwan during a three-month tour. He visited New Zealand on the same tour. Eventually he would reach all the continents with the exception of Antarctica and as many as forty countries. He moved his national headquarters to Nawan Nagar, near the foothills of Himalayas. In April 1992, <mask> <mask> went into seclusion about 25 kilometres away in Sai.He did not travel for some years
except for brief visits, maintaining an intensive meditation schedule and very simple lifestyle. This regime continued for the rest of the Master's life. He visited the United States for the last time in the summer of 2003. At the end of his life he spoke of having initiated over two million souls. Illness and death
<mask> <mask> died on 6 March 2005 in Nawan Nagar, India, at the age of 76; however, he had been ill for the entire previous year when he underwent open heart surgery in February 2004. Teachings
The documentation of the teachings of <mask> <mask> is both extensive and multi-media in character, including books, circular letters, video, and audio tapes spanning almost 30 years. Basic proposition of spirituality: we are souls, not bodies

Our chief enemy in this pursuit is our own mind, which does not allow our Soul to be in control, but instead usurps control over us:

One of the Master's most well known analogies for the control of the mind over the soul is that of the frog in the dirty drain:

Requirement of personal experience in spiritual matters
The Master

masks:
Sant Thakar
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh
Sant Thakar
Singh


title: Thakar Singh

texts:
 scriptures; the scriptures refer to the Word, but reading them does not comprise the experience of hearing it. To hear the Sound Current, some specific actions have to be taken on the part of the Master. Functionally, the Soul is buried under the karmic impressions of millions if not billions of years of existence in this world.The Master Saint has the power to burn these impressions so that they are neutralised; after this, the Soul can experience the Sound Current. The appearance of the Sound is a function of purity; the more pure the vessel, the more easily the sound resounds inside it. Thus the Sound Current is a gift which the Master can give to those whom he chooses, or perhaps to those he is destined to help. Some souls are specifically marked as belonging to the Master; however "the new applicants can also be accepted." Love versus attachment
Love is the criterion for the life of a human being. God is Love and love is God and the way back to God is also through Love, as the Master is Love Personified and the Sound Current is also a conscious current of love. However, the only true form of love from the perspective of life lived in this world, is called devotion.All other forms of love are either debased through egotism or else a form of confusion and delusion, brought on at the level of mind. The nature of romantic love as a form of suffering is relentlessly analysed:

Fundamentally, no one can love unless they are connected to God, as God is the source of Love and is sometimes described as Love itself. Our minds, on the other hand, are totally devoid of love:

All relationships fall away in what might be called the doctrine of individual responsibility:

Notes

References

External links
 <mask> <mask> Online Audio/Video/Text Library at www.thakar-singh.com
 <mask> <mask>'s Teachings in his own words at www.thakar-singh.org
 About <mask> <mask>, by people who knew him personally at www.thakar-singh.net

1929 births
2005 deaths
Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
Radha Soami
Sant Mat gurus
20th-century Hindu

masks: Thakar Singh Thakar Singh Thakar Singh


title: Myron S. Cohen

texts:
<mask> (born May 7, 1950 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American physician-scientist who has made substantial contributions to our understanding of the transmission prevention of transmission of HIV. He is best known as chief architect of HIV Prevention Trials Network 052, a large-scale randomized clinical trial which demonstrated proof-of-concept for “treatment as prevention”: treating an HIV-infected person with antiviral drugs makes them less contagious and prevents transmission to their sexual partners. <mask> is J. Herbert Bate Distinguished Professor of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, and Epidemiology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is also co-chair of the National Institutes of Health's HIV Prevention Trials Network. Education

<mask> graduated from James H. Bowen High School in Chicago, and earned a bachelor of science degree at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He received his M.D. degree from Rush Medical College in Chicago and did residency training in internal medicine at the University of Michigan.He completed an infectious disease fellowship at Yale University. <mask> joined the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980. Research

<mask> was among the first to outline the role of STD co-infections in the sexual transmission of HIV. Not long after the first FDA-approved drug treatment for HIV/AIDS, AZT, appeared in 1987, <mask> began studying the effect of this and later drugs on the amount of

masks:
Myron Scott Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen
Cohen


title: Myron S. Cohen

texts:
 virus in genital secretions. This led to the idea that people taking these drugs might be less contagious. In 2005 <mask> launched a clinical study, known as HPTN 052, of 1,763   couples where only one person is HIV-infected. The results indicated that early   antiviral therapy reduced sexual transmission by at least 96 percent.<mask>, executive director of UNAIDS, called it a “game-changer,”  The Economist speculated on “The End of AIDS,”  and treatment as prevention became a central part of global HIV/AIDS prevention strategy. In December 2011, Science magazine,  named treatment as prevention and HPTN 052 the scientific ‘Breakthrough of the Year.’ Its editor Bruce Alberts said “The [HPTN 052] results have galvanized efforts to end the world’s AIDS epidemic in a way that would have been inconceivable even a year ago.”

Memberships

<mask> is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. H In 2012 he was elected to the Institute of Medicine. He serves as an editor of the journal Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Selected Awards and Honors

 2015   Commencement Address, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
 2012   Fall Commencement Address, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 2012   Tar Heel of the Year, Raleigh News & Observer
 2012   Healthcare Heroes Lifetime Achievement Award, Triangle Business Journal
 2012   Top 10 Clinical Research Achievement Award, Clinical

masks:
Cohen
Michel Sidibé
Cohen


title: Myron S. Cohen

texts:
 Research Forum
 2011   Hope is a Vaccine Award, GAIA
 2008   O. Max Gardner Award, University of North Carolina System
 2005   Thomas Parran Award, American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association

Selected publications

 Royce AR, Seña A, Cates W and Cohen MS (1997). Sexual transmission of HIV. N Engl J Med 336: 1072-1078. Vernazza PL, Gilliam BL, Dyer J, Fiscus SA, Eron JJ, Frank AC, and <mask> MS. Quantification of HIV in semen: Correlation with antiviral treatment and immune status (1997).AIDS 11:987-993. <mask> MS, Hoffman IF, Royce RA, Kazembe P, Dyer JR, Zimba D, Vernazza PL, Costello-Daly C, Maida M, Fiscus SA, and Eron JJ (1997). Reduction of Concentration of HIV-1 in semen after treatment of urethritis: Implications for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV-1. Lancet 349:1868-1873. Pereira AS, Kashuba ADM, Fiscus SA, Hall JE, Tidwell RR, Troiani L, Dunn JA, Eron JJ, <mask> MS (1999). Antiretroviral therapy and HIV-1 in semen: relationship between drug concentration and viral burden. J Infect Dis 180 (6):2039-43,
 Chakraborty H, <mask> PK, Helms RW, Vernazza PL, Fiscus SA, Eron JJ, Patterson BK, Coombs RW, Krieger JN, <mask> MS (2001).Viral burden in genital secretions determines male-to-female sexual transmission of HIV-1: A probabilistic empiric model. AIDS 15:621-627. <mask> MS, Gay C, Kashuba AD, Blower S, and Paxton L (2007). Narrative Review: antiretroviral therapy to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV-1. Ann Intern Med 146: 591-601
 <mask> MS, Chen

masks: Cohen Cohen Cohen Sen Cohen Cohen Cohen


title: Myron S. Cohen

texts:
 YQ, McCauley M, Gamble T, Hosseinipour MC, Kumarasamy N, Hakim JG, Kumwenda J, Grinsztejn B, Pilotto JH, Godbole <mask>, Mehendale S, Chariyalertsak S, <mask> BR, Mayer KH, Hoffman IF, Eshleman SH, Piwowar-Manning E, Wang L, Makhema J, Mills LA, de Bruyn G, <mask> I, Eron J, Gallant J, Havlir D, <mask>s S, Ribaudo H, Elharrar V, Burns D, Taha TE, <mask> K, Celentano D, Essex M, Fleming TR; the HPTN 052 Study Team (2011). Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy. New Eng J Med.363: 493-505. Padian NS, McCoy SI, Karim <mask>, Hasen N, Kim J, Bartos M, Katabira E, Bertozzi <mask>, <mask>länder B, <mask> MS (2011). HIV prevention transformed: the new prevention research. Lancet 378: 269-78. Powers KA, Ghani AC, Miller WC, Hoffman IF, Pettifor AE, Kamanga G, Martinson FE, <mask> MS (2011). The role of acute and early HIV infection and implication for transmission prevention strategies in Lilongwe, Malawi: a modeling study. Lancet 378: 256-68.<mask>, K, Muessig, KE, Powers, KS Miller, WC and <mask> MS (2012). HIV Treatment as Prevention: The Utility and Limitations of Ecological Observation. PLoS Med. 9(7): e1001260. References

External links
 University of North Carolina press release, <mask> receipt of O. Max Gardener Award
 Video, Fall 2012 Commencement Address, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
 Video, HIV transmission breakthrough, University of North Carolina School of Medicine

Living people
University of Michigan Medical School

masks:
SV
Santos
Sanne
Swindell
Nielsen Saines
SS
SM
Schwart
Cohen
Cohen
Smith
Cohen
Cohen


title: Frank William Foster

texts: Wing Commander <mask> DFC, DSM (10 April 1887, London — 5 March 1963, Reading). Although born in West London, he was brought up and educated in the village of Stockcross in Berkshire. He joined the Royal Navy in 1903 at the age of 16, and saw action in many theatres of World War I, including the Battle of Jutland, in which he gained the Distinguished Service Medal. He transferred to the RAF in the latter part of the War, and was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross for gallantry and devotion to duty. At the cessation of activities he joined the little group of pioneers who were struggling to develop an aircraft carrier deck landing technique on an old converted cruiser — . In 1927, trouble flared up on the North-West Frontiers of British India, and Flying Officer <mask> was drafted with a squadron of old Bristol Fighters to police the Himalayas and keep order. This involved active duty for five years.As a form of relaxation, on one of his leaves he made a trek accompanied by an Indian guide to Tibet, visiting the district of Ladakh. Returning from India in 1933, a short spell as radio and communications instructor followed, prior to a return to the sea in the ill-fated HMS Courageous. F/<mask> was transferred to a Coastal Command at Plymouth, a comparatively short time before HMS Courageous was sunk by enemy action. Coastal Command service led to promotion to the rank of Wing Commander, involving transfer to Western Approaches Command, Derby House, Liverpool, one of a number of vital communication centres for the three services. It figured in the tracking and final annihilation of the Bismarck. For his service he was mentioned in despatches three times, on 17 March 1941, 11 June 1942 and 14 January 1944. Wing Commander <mask>'s service in World War II carried him beyond the normal retiring age, but the day had to come, of course, when he had to take leave of the services, in November 1945.Not for him however was the sedentary life of retirement. In January 1946, he joined the United Nations

masks:
Frank William Foster
Foster
O Foster
Foster


title: Frank William Foster

texts:
 Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) as a Communications Officer, serving until the administration closed down in June 1948. The Ministry of Supply knew the Wing Commander next, and he became an experimental officer acting as a liaison between the Air Ministry and aircraft manufacturers. In December 1955 he had finally to retire from the active scene. Wing Commander <mask> had a wife, Edith, and two children, Harold and Betty - his home remained at Stockcross until the end of his life, when he was taken to the Battle Hospital in Reading after a long fight against Parkinson's disease. He died there on 5 March 1963, aged 75. Navy career
 22 June 1903 - Volunteered
 23 June 1903 - Boy 2nd Class, HMS Impregnable
 21 January 1904 - Boy 1st Class
 1 September 1904 - Signal Boy, HMS Hercules
 22 November 1904 - HMS Sutlej
 25 January 1905 - HMS Iphigenia
 27 April 1905 - Signalman (signed up for 12 years service)
 20 August 1905 - HMS Hogue
 9 November 1905 - Qual.Sig. General Service Medal, 2nd/Lt RAF 1918
 Victory Service Medal, 2nd/Lt RAF 1918
 India General Service Medal & Bar, F/O RAF 1930/31 (North West Frontier)
 Silver Jubilee Medal, 1935
 Coronation Medal, 1937
 War Medal & Mentioned in Despatches clasp, 1939/45
 Defence Medal, 1945

References

External links
 Naval communications history — Royal Naval Communications Association, Communications History - The First Signal Schools
 Derby House, Liverpool — Liverpool and the Battle of the Atlantic and Western Approaches - History (BBC Liverpool, Local History)
 Large naval history sites — Battleships-Cruisers.co.uk and MaritimeQuest
 Fleet Air Arm Archive — Fleet Air Arm (FAA) Archive Welcome Page on British Naval Aviation

1887 births
1963 deaths
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United Kingdom)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United Kingdom)
Royal Navy personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War I
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
Royal Navy sailors
Royal Air Force


title: Robert Searle

texts:
<mask> (alias John Davis) was one of the earliest and most active of the English buccaneers on Jamaica. Early life
Nothing, to date, is known of his early life. The famous buccaneer chronicler, Esquemeling, states that <mask> was “born at Jamaica,” but this seems unlikely, since that island did not become an English dominion until 1655. <mask>'s career as a “gentleman of fortune” was marred by frequent quarrels with Sir Thomas Modyford, royal governor of Jamaica, who usually befriended buccaneers. Piracy

The Cagway
Searle's first known ship was the 60-ton, 8-gun Cagway, the largest of four Spanish merchantmen captured by Sir Christopher Myngs as he returned from his raid on Santa Marta and Tolú (Colombia) in 1659. Four years later, <mask> captained the Cagway as part of Myng's expedition against Santiago de Cuba. This force of 1,300 men and a dozen vessels sailed from Port Royal (Jamaica) on 1 October 1662 and two-and-a-half weeks later disembarked to the east of their intended target.Santiago was overrun the following day and a considerable amount of booty carried back to Jamaica. In 1664, the political situation in Europe and the Caribbean was volatile. Constant raiding by English buccaneers had prompted repeated and vociferous protests from Madrid, delivered by the Spanish ambassador to King Charles II of England. In turn, a letter to Governor Modyford from the king stated that “His Majesty cannot

masks:
Robert Searle
Searle
Searle
Searle


title: Robert Searle

texts:
 sufficiently express his dissatisfaction at the daily complaints of violence and depredation” against the Spanish by the ships of Jamaica. Modyford was “again strictly commanded not only to forbid the prosecution of such violence for the future, but to inflict condign punishment upon offenders, and to have the entire restitution and satisfaction made to the sufferers.”

That letter, signed in London 11 days after Modyford first landed at Port Royal, in early June, did not arrive until the beginning of September. It caused something of a sensation on the island. At that moment there were two rich Spanish prizes from Cuba at anchor in Port Royal's harbor.Both were heavily guarded and prizes to <mask>, who had already landed the boxes and bags of Spanish coin so that the king's share could be calculated. Modyford promptly summoned the Council of Jamaica and showed them the letter. The alarmed Council decided that the governor of Cuba should be told at once that the captured ships and money were being returned. It was resolved that “all persons making further attempts of violence upon the Spaniards be looked upon as pirates and rebels, and that Captain <mask>’s commission be taken from him and his rudder and sails taken ashore for security.”

<mask>'s ship was restored, rudder and sails intact, with the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Dutch War in 1665. In early March 1666, he and his crew sailed as one of nine ships

masks: Searle Searle Searle


title: Robert Searle

texts: and 650 soldiers raised by Colonel Edward Morgan (Sir Henry Morgan’s uncle) in an expedition against the Dutch islands of Sint Eustatius and Sabá. This force was described in a letter by Modyford as “chiefly reformed privateers, scarce a planter amongst them, being resolute fellows and well armed with fusils [muskets ~ed.] and pistols.” The governor was particularly pleased that they would be serving “at the old rate of no purchase, no pay, and it will cost the King nothing considerable, some powder and mortar pieces.” Although they landed successfully, Morgan dropped dead from heat exhaustion.The good old colonel, leaping out of the boat and being a corpulent man, got a strain, and his spirit being great, he pursued overearnestly the enemy on a hot day, so that he surfeited and suddenly died. While these islands were quickly subdued, the English force disintegrated because of poor plunder and differences over who should succeed the late Col. Morgan as leader. The next year, <mask> and a Captain Stedman took two small ships and 80 men to the Dutch island of Tobago, near Trinidad, and sacked the island from end to end. Lord Willoughby, governor of the English colony of Barbados, had also fitted out an expedition to take Tobago, but the Jamaicans were three or four days before him. The latter were busy pillaging when Willoughby arrived and demanded the island in the king's name. The buccaneers condescended to


title: Robert Searle

texts:
 leave the fort and governor's house standing only on the condition that Willoughby gave them liberty to sell their booty in Barbados. Governor Modyford forbade further raids in June 1667 and recalled all privateering commissions issued in Jamaica.Again, he had to deal with <mask>, who was to be punished for his part in a straightforward piece of tit-for-tat. Soon after Sir Henry Morgan’s raid on Maracaibo (Venezuela), <mask> and his ship were lying at New Providence in the Bahamas when a vengeful Spanish force attacked the English settlement there. This spurred several angry privateersmen, among them <mask>, to sail for Florida and sack the presidio of St. Augustine, Florida in May 1668. Coming so soon after Modyford's proclamation withdrawing all commissions, and so obviously intended as retaliation, the governor decided that he would have to punish the leader, who by general consent was <mask>. Henry Woodward, the first settler of South Carolina, had been captured by the Spanish and held at St. Augustine. <mask>'s 1668 raid resulted in Woodward's escape, who then served for several years as a surgeon on privateer ships. When he returned to Jamaica, <mask> guessed that he might be out of favour.Instead of sailing into Port Royal, he took the Cagway to a bay on the southwestern end of the island, out of the governor's reach. Governor Modyford reported to Lord Arlington, England’s Secretary of State:

There

masks:
Robert Searle
Searle
Searle
Searle
Searle
Searle


title: Robert Searle

texts:
 arrived also at Port Morant the Cagway, Captain <mask>, with 70 stout men, who hearing that I was much incensed against him for that action of St. Augustine, went to Macary Bay, and there rides out of command. I will use the best ways to apprehend him, without driving his men to despair. Arrest
Shortly thereafter, <mask> ventured ashore and was seized by the governor, who placed him under arrest in Port Royal. Weeks passed without further orders from England and the governor wrote to Arlington again, stating that <mask> was still in the custody of Jamaica's Provost Marshal, awaiting trial. Release
Ironically, he was freed after some months to take part in one of the buccaneer's greatest land battles, Sir Henry Morgan’s famous sack of Panama City (Panama). <mask> was one of Morgan's lieutenants during this renowned action and was given the important task of preventing any Spanish ships from escaping the port.At the port, <mask> and his crew discovered a barque lying fast aground, which the Spaniards had attempted to burn. The buccaneers succeeded in extinguishing the fire before much harm had been done. This vessel proved to be a valuable prize and, in a few days, <mask> had captured three other ships. Commanding this tiny flotilla, he scoured the islands which stretched offshore – Perico, Taboga and Tobogilla, and Otoque, the most distant before reaching the Pearl Islands (Las Islas del Rey). He harried the

masks: Searle Searle Searle Searle Searle Searle


title: Robert Searle

texts:
 ill-fated refugees concealed there, taking many prisoners and much property. The President of Panama, Don Juan Pérez de Guzmán wrote:

The English, having got possession of the Relicks of our town, found a Bark in the Fasca, although I had given order that there should be none, yet had they not complied with my command, and when they would have set it on Fire, the Enemy came fast and put it out and with it they did us great damage, for they took three more with it, and made great havock of all they found in the Islands of Taboga, Otoque, and Las Islas del Rey, taking and bringing from thence many Prisoners. <mask> was looking primarily for vessels which, laden with valuables, were known to be hiding in various anchorages along the Panama coast or among the islands.On the island of Taboga, while looking for fugitives, <mask> and his crew discovered a hidden store of Peruvian wine. The seamen promptly started drinking and by evening, most were helplessly drunk. They were far too drunk to post lookouts and therefore did not notice a Spanish galleon coming from seaward and anchor. Nor did they see a boat being lowered and rowed to shore full of casks. They first learned of all this when they accidentally surprised and captured the boat's seven-man crew as they looked for fresh water. The Spaniards were taken to <mask>, who threatened them with torture. He discovered that the ship was none other than the 400-ton


title: Robert Searle

texts: Santissima Trinidad very richly laden with all the King's Plate and a great quantity of riches of gold, pearls, jewels, and other most precious goods of all the best and richest merchants of Panama.On board this galleon were also the religious women belonging to the nunnery of the said city, who had embarked with them all the ornaments of the church, consisting of a great quantity of gold, plate, and other things of great value. This single ship, which was reported to be armed with only seven cannon and 10-12 muskets, poorly supplied with food and water, and bearing only the uppermost sails of the main mast, carried the bulk of the gold, silver, and jewels which the government, private citizens, and the Church in Panama had shipped away for safety. Instead of fleeing to Lima (Peru), her captain, Don Francisco de Peralta, had simply put to sea. He apparently intended to return to Panama with his cargo and passengers after the buccaneers had left, since he believed they had no ships. <mask> immediately ordered to his men to seize the galleon, but they would not leave their wine or, more likely, were unable to obey. De Peralta, alarmed when his men failed to return and suspicious of the barque moored nearby, weighed anchor with some difficulty and fled into the night, being out of sight by daybreak. When the main body of buccaneers eventually learned of this missed opportunity a few days later, they were


title: Robert Searle

texts:
 outraged.Esquemeling, even writing several years after the event, scornfully related how, when the watering party had been brought before <mask>, the old rover “had been more inclined to sit drinking and sporting with a group of Spanish women he had taken prisoner, than to go at once in pursuit of the treasure ship.<mask> was bitterly reproached by Morgan and never regained his favour. Years later, Captain de Peralta was captured by the English privateer, William Dampier, in the Pacific and told the story of his narrow escape from <mask> with much relish. Death
In later years, <mask> relocated to Honduras, where William Dampier wrote that he was killed in a duel with an Indigenous logwood cutter. Thus the Jamaican buccaneer met his death near a small sandy islet at the northern end of the Gulf of Campeache (in the Laguna de Términos), known to his brother pirates as “Serles's Key.”

At the North-end, and about the middle of the East Lagune, there is another small Creek like that which comes out against One-Bush-Key, but less and shallower, which dischargeth it self into Laguna Termina, against a small sandy Key, called by the English Serles's Key, from one Captain Serles, who first careen’d his vessel here, and was afterwards killed in the Western Lagune, by one of his company as they were cutting Logwood together. References

Sources
Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series, America and the West Indies,

masks:
Searle
” Searle
Searle
Robert Searle


title: Boris Bernaskoni

texts:
<mask> (); (born 26 February 1977, Moscow) is a Russian architect, engineer, publisher, the recipient of various architectural awards and a participant in various architectural exhibitions. He is the founder of the BERNASKONI bureau . <mask> is a founding member of the Urban Council Board at the Skolkovo Innovation Center in Moscow. <mask> first achieved international recognition in 2008 when he won an international competition for the Perm Museum of Modern Art that was juried by Peter Zumthor and had participants like Coop Himmelbau, Zaha Hadid and Asymptote. His Matrex project received high acclaim at the 15th Venice Biennale of Architecture in 2016. In 2019 <mask> participated in several events at the Davos World Economic Forum, talking on transformable architecture in the cities of the future and urban digitalization. Background
<mask> is Russian and was born in Moscow, but inherits his surname from a family of Swiss-Italian immigrants to Russia in the late eighteenth century.The Bernasconi family of Lugano had produced many baroque and classical artists, stuccoists and architects who were active across Europe. <mask>'s own ancestors came to Russia work on the palaces of Saint Petersburg and its environs, and include such figures as Antonio and Giuseppe Bernasconi. Education
<mask> graduated in Architecture from the Moscow Academy of Architecture, having studied in the department of "Housing and Social Design Construction" under the supervision of Professors Belov, Khazanov and Pakhomov. In 2000 <mask> completed a 2-years long course of Marketing at the Plekhanov Russian Academy of Economics. He then joined a postgraduate course in "Composition in Architecture" at the Moscow Academy of Architecture in 2000-2003. Teaching
In 2001 he led a "sense analyses" seminar for students of the Moscow Academy of Architecture. Since 2003 he has been a lecturer at the Moscow Academy of Architecture's Urban Planning department.In 2004 he has led a project seminar in New

masks:
Boris Bernaskoni
Boris Bernaskoni
Boris Bernaskoni
Bernaskoni
Bernaskoni
Boris
Bernaskoni
Boris


title: Boris Bernaskoni

texts:
 York for students of the Moscow Academy of Architecture invited by the Harvard Design School. Architectural works
<mask> set up his practice as soon as he graduated in 2000. He founded an interdisciplinary bureau that works at the intersection of architecture, communication and industrial design. The bureau specializes in the design and realization of various architectural objects: urban projects, office and residential buildings, exhibitions and museums, country houses and industrial objects. The bureau's portfolio includes many significant projects: Matrex, the main public building at the Skolkovo Center; Hypercube, also at Skolkovo; masterplans for Preobrazhensky in Yaroslavl Oblast and the Red October chocolate factory complex in Moscow; New Holland Summer in Saint Petersburg; the country houses Volgadacha and Mirror Mongayt; competitive projects for the Russia Pavilion in Shanghai, PERMMUSEUMXXI, the Tetris residential building, reconstruction of the Central House of Artists (CHA) in Moscow; the exhibitions OLEGKULIK and Kandinsky Prize; identity and the interior of the Government of Russia Press Center and the BBDO Moscow office space; and industrial design of the national class sailing boat EM-KA. This project provides a basis for the development of informational and energy efficient technologies, with a special emphasis on transparency of space and work. The mixed-use building combines Class A and startup offices, apartments, the transforming hall, the spiral museum (exhibit spiral), the restaurant.The truncated pyramid contains an internal space in the form of a giant Matryoshka, or Russian nestling doll. Yeltsin Centre

A first for Russia, the Yeltsin Center is a presidential centre on the model of US presidential libraries. It is a social, cultural and educational institution built in the city of Yekaterinburg, birthplace of President <mask>. The centre houses a museum (2016's European Museum of the Year), art gallery, educational centre,

masks:
Bernaskoni
Boris Yeltsin


title: Boris Bernaskoni

texts:
 documentary film centre, bookshop, café and other public facilities. Due to lack of vacant sites, <mask> redesigned an existing business centre, to which he added a new form. This was achieved mainly through a curtain wall, covering half the premises in a sheet of steel, perforated with a series of openings displaying rotational symmetry. The resultant Center is a modest and neutral structure that nevertheless has a visual identity and silhouette distinct from any other building in Yekaterinburg, which the architect has characterized as its “urban supergraphics”.Hypercube

Hypercube is the first building at the Skolkovo Innovation Center. The decision to erect the Hypercube building was made by Russian president Dmitry Medvedev in 2010. The building is a platform for communication, combining the roles of a public space and generator for new start-up enterprises, and part of a university campus. The building has its own energy and water supplyautonomous systems. Hypercube was built in accordance with the green standard "Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design" (LEED v3). Arc

The Arc pavilion was created especially for Archstoyanie, an architecture festival held in Nikola-Lenivets, Russia. Arc stands on the border between forest and field.Its wooden elements are stacked on top of each other with gaps forming rooms and stairs leading up to a viewpoint. The interior is annually transformed into an art installation. The materials Arc is made of are to be reused for useful construction or fuel for domestic heating purposes. Mirror Mongayt

<mask> solves the problem of how to build an eco-friendly designer villa with a small budget. The front facade is designed as a temporary structure made up of mirror panels. It is assumed that the facade will change every eight years. The space inside is vast, with high ceilings, open plan spaces and an abundance of bare wood.Books

MATREX, August 2016

The book forms an integral part of the Matrex exhibition project at the

masks: Bernaskoni Bernaskoni


title: Boris Bernaskoni

texts:
 Award finalist Moscow Review of the Best work of Architecture in 2002–2003. 2003 – Winner of the year at Golden Section 2003. 2004 – Supervisor of the 9th International Exhibition of Architecture and Design Arch Moscow "Dead End". 2006 – "Moscow 4" at the Mendrisio Academy, Switzerland. 2008 – 11th Venice Biennale of Architecture. <mask> used his space in the Russian pavilion to campaign against Norman Foster's controversial redevelopment plans for Moscow's Central House of Artists.2011 – Hypercube Skolkovo, at the Arch Moscow Exhibition. 2012 – "Identity" project at the 3rd Moscow Biennale of Architecture. 2012 – 13th Venice Biennale of Architecture. 2013 – "Black" Exhibition of Nikolay Nasedkin, Moscow Museum of Modern Art, со-curator. 2014 – Matrex preview at the Skolkovo Innovation Center, Moscow, curator. 2016 – 15th Venice Biennale of Architecture. Bernaskoni showcased a model of the Matrex building, combining a pyramid with a Matryoshka-shaped open space.Awards and recognition
 2010 – Volgadacha awarded Best Russian Design of 2010. 2011 – Volgadacha won the Archiwood Award for the Country House category. 2012 – Hypercube won the Gold award at the Zodchestvo – 2012 International Festival of Architecture and Design. 2013 – Arc received a Special Mention at the Architizer A+ Awards in the Landscape Parks category. 2014 – Hypercube selected as a Finalist in the Architizer A+ Awards in the Architecture +Technology category. 2015 – Hypercube book won the Gold award at the Zhar-Kniga Russian National Book Design Competition. References list

External links

 Hypercube: building – book
 Intelligent design: the interactive architecture of <mask>oni
 A Philosophical Machine / Uncubemagazine
 State of architecture.30 best Russian projects
 Interview at Moscow 24
 Interview at GQ magazine
 Interview at BG magazine
 Wallpaper's Russian architecture picks
Design Talk with Martina Starke and <mask>

1977 births
People from Moscow
Living people
21st-century Russian

masks:
Bernaskoni
Boris Bernask
Boris Bernaskoni


title: Cappie Pondexter

texts:
<mask> (born January 7, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player. She was born in Oceanside, California and raised in Chicago, Illinois. Pondexter is known for her scrappy play, quick crossovers and midrange jumpshot. In 2011, she was voted in by fans as one of the Top 15 players in Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) history. High school
While growing up in Chicago, Pondexter was a close friend of basketball star Dee Brown. Pondexter played for John Marshall Metropolitan High School in Chicago where she was named a WBCA All-American. She participated in the 2001 WBCA High School All-America Game where she scored sixteen points, and earned MVP honors.College
Pondexter attended college at Rutgers University. She led the Scarlet Knights to a 97–22 record and back-to-back Big East Championships in 2005 and 2006. She competed in four NCAA Tournaments, including an Elite Eight appearance in 2005. During the 2005–2006 season, Rutgers compiled a 27–5 record, including a 16–0 record in Big East Conference play. Pondexter took home several awards, including the 2006 Women's Basketball News Service National Player of the year. In her career, the guard scored over 2,000 points. Rutgers statistics
Source

WNBA career

Pondexter was selected 2nd overall in the 2006 WNBA Draft by the Phoenix Mercury.As a rookie, she was named to the western conference WNBA all star team. In 2007, alongside Diana Taurasi and Penny Taylor, Pondexter played a key role in the Mercury's championship run, and was named 2007 WNBA Finals Most Valuable Player after averaging 22 points per game during the hard-fought five-game series. During the 2009 WNBA season Pondexter became the first player in WNBA history to win 3 consecutive Western Conference Player of the week awards. She was also named to her third WNBA


title: Fred B. Kniffen

texts:
<mask> (January 18, 1900 – May 19, 1993) was an American geographer and distinguished professor in the Department of Geography and Anthropology at Louisiana State University for over 64 years. Kniffen had a background in anthropology, geography, and geology when he arrived at Louisiana State University in the late 1920s. While there, he made great strides in the Department of Geography and Anthropology that led to the development of new research areas, additional courses, and well trained graduate students. Kniffen stressed the importance of learning and understanding the history of geography, along with blending physical geography and anthropology with cultural geography. During <mask>'s time at Louisiana State University, he was an advocate for interdisciplinary research. Kniffen became a distinguished professor in the department in 1966, later becoming <mask> professor in 1967. Early life and education
Kniffen was born in Britton, Michigan, on January 18, 1900.Most of his ancestors were of English descent. Kniffen's father had many jobs while he was growing up, some of which included a lumberjack and a brickmaker. His mother was a school teacher who encouraged him to excel in his studies and instilled in him a passion for learning. When Kniffen was six years old, his family moved to Coffeyville, Kansas. There, he excelled in school and was able to skip a grade. The family then moved to Superior, Wisconsin after Kniffen's first year of high school. Once he completed high school, Kniffen enlisted in the army.After the army, Kniffen enrolled at the Superior State Normal School, where he earned college credits for three semesters. While taking courses at the Superior State, Kniffen had a strong desire to earn a university degree. He ultimately ended up transferring to the University of Michigan in

masks:
Fred Bowerman Kniffen
Kniffen
Boyd


title: Fred B. Kniffen

texts:
 remained standard in the discipline for over three decades. Kniffen emphasized cultural landscapes in many of his teaching styles.This was due in large part to his history at the University of California, Berkeley and his work with Carl O. Sauer, Oskar Schmieder, and Alfred L. Kroeber. Perhaps Kniffen's most widely recognized accomplishment and contribution to the discipline was in the topic of folk housing and folk geography. Kniffen's interest in this topic began in the late 1940s as he had several projects dealing with folk geography. Some of which include the folk-ways of sport hunting, geographical myths of Louisiana, and costumes of American working men. In addition to geography and anthropology, Kniffen conducted  archaeological research, especially in Louisiana. Specifically, he conducted research on the geomorphic history of Bayou Manchac. There, he discovered three pottery assemblages, corresponding to varying time periods.Lastly, Kniffen contributed greatly to the understanding of French Louisiana by encouraging his students to conduct theses and dissertations on the topic. Kniffen mentored seven Master of Science (M.S.) students, eight Master of Arts (M.A.) students, and twenty-eight Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) students during the period 1936 – 1970. He was also committee chair on numerous undergraduate theses while at Louisiana State University. Death and legacy
Kniffen died on May 19, 1993, at the age of 93 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He was survived by his wife, three sons, a daughter, five grandchildren, and five great-grandchildren.At the time of Kniffen's death, the flag on campus was flown at half-mast. A professorship was established in his name in 1991 entitled the "<mask>. Kniffen Professorship". In 1994, a wing of the Geosciences Building on Louisiana State University's


title: Fred B. Kniffen

texts:
 campus was named the "<mask> B. Kniffen" wing. During the past sixty years, over thirty festschrifts, dedications, and tributes have been made in his honor. Awards and honors
 1922:  Phi Beta Kappa
 1929:  Scholar, Southwest Laboratory of Anthropology
 1938 – 1939: Rosenwalk Fellow, Europe
 1959 – 1962: Councillor, Association of American Geographers
 1961 – 1963: Consultant, College Geography Committee, Association of American Geographers
 1963: Chairman, Publications Committee, Association of American Geographers
 1964 – 1965: Honorary President, Association of American Geographers
 1966 – 1967: Distinguished Professor, Louisiana State University Foundation
 1967: <mask> Professor, Louisiana State University
 1982: First Annual Award, Louisiana Folklore Society

List of Key Works and Publications
 Culture Worlds (1951). New York: Macmillan. (with Richard J. Russell).Culture Worlds (1961). New York: Macmillan. (with Richard J. Russell and Evelyn Pruitt). Folk Housing: Key to Diffusion (1965). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 55: 549 – 577. The Indians of Louisiana (1966). 2nd ed.Gretna, Louisiana: Pelican Publishing Company. Why Folk Housing? (1965). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 65: 59 – 63. Louisiana: Its Land and People (1968). Louisiana State University Press. See also
 Berkeley School of Latin Americanist Geography
 Carl O. Sauer
 Alfred L. Kroeber
 Geography
 Cultural Geography
 List of Geographers

External links
 List of <mask><mask>'s Awards and Publications
 List of <mask><mask>'s Papers (LSU Libraries)

References

American geographers
American anthropologists
20th-century American geologists
University of Michigan alumni
Cultural geographers
Louisiana State University faculty
1900 births
1993 deaths
20th-century anthropologists
20th-century

masks:
Fred
Boyd
Fred B
. Kniffen
Fred B
. Kniffen


title: Tim Sparv

texts:
<mask> (born 20 February 1987) is a Finnish former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. Sparv was born in Oravais, and started his football career in Norrvalla FF youth team before moving to Southampton's junior organisation. He began his senior club career playing for Halmstad, before signing with Groningen in 2010. Sparv made his international debut for Finland in February 2009, at the age of 21 and went on to make 84 caps, including appearing in 2010, 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cup qualifications. His family is a member of the Swedish-speaking population of Finland. Club career

Southampton
Born in Oravais, Ostrobothnia, Sparv spent three years in the youth academy of Southampton. He was a member of Southampton's youth team that reached the final of the FA Youth Cup in 2005, where he played alongside Theo Walcott, losing on aggregate to Ipswich Town.He was named in the first team squad for 2006–07 season and made numerous reserve team appearances but, as Southampton had a plethora of midfielders from which to choose, he was unable to break through into the first team itself. Halmstad
On 7 January 2007, he moved to Halmstads BK to play in Allsvenskan, on the advice of both his father and former Halmstads BK player Michael Svensson. He made his Allsvenskan debut on 9 April 2007 in a match against Helsingborg when he replaced Andreas Johansson as a substitute for the second period. On 1 May 2008, he was loaned out to Vaasan Palloseura after suffering illness as well as a lack of playing time with Halmstads. Groningen
In August 2009, he was close to a move to Groningen, but Halmstad refused to let him go at that point. On 14 August, FC Groningen announced that Sparv would join them as of 1 January 2010. He made his Eredivisie debut on 7 March 2010 in a 1–0 victory over VVV-Venlo, coming on for Fredrik Stenman in the 78th minute.He scored his first goal for Groningen in the opening match of the 2010–11 season, a 1–1 draw against AZ. His goal came in the 76th minute. Greuther Fürth
In May 2013 Sparv signed a three-year contract with


title: Tim Sparv

texts:
 Greuther Fürth. He made his 2. Bundesliga debut on 21 July 2013 in a match against Arminia Bielefeld. He scored his first and only league goal for the club on 30 September 2013 in a 4–0 victory over Dynamo Dresden. The goal was the last of the game and came in the 86th minute.FC Midtjylland
On 3 July 2014, <mask>v signed a four-year contract with Danish Superliga side FC Midtjylland. On 20 August 2015, he scored against former club Southampton in the 2015–16 Europa League play-off first leg, which ended in a 1–1 draw. He also started the second leg in Denmark which Midtjylland won, to secure the Danish club a place in the group stage and send Southampton out of the competition. AEL FC
On 26 August 2020, Sparv signed a two-year contract with Greek Super League club AEL. On 14 May 2021, there was an official announcement about the termination of the player's contract by mutual agreement. HJK
On 22 July 2021, Sparv joined HJK. He made his debut on 12 August when he came in as a substitute for Filip Valenčič on 82nd minute in a UEFA Europa League match against Neftçi Baku.International career

Finland youth teams
Sparv was the second youngest player in the squad for the 2003 FIFA U-17 World Championship played at home but did not make an appearance in the tournament. He made his Finland U21 debut on 7 October 2006 and played a big part in the successful 2009 European Championship qualifying campaign, playing in nine out of ten games and scoring three goals. He was made team captain during the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship and scored a penalty in a 2–1 defeat by England on 15 June 2009. Finland first team
On 4 February 2009, Sparv made his debut for the senior team in a friendly match against Japan, which ended in a 5–1 defeat. He played his first FIFA World Cup qualification game on 10 October 2009 when Stuart Baxter chose him to the starting line up against Wales in Helsinki Olympic Stadium. He was named captain of the national team for the first time for a match against Greece on 4 September 2015. Sparv was called up for the UEFA Euro


title: Tim Sparv

texts:
 2020 pre-tournament friendly match against Sweden on 29 May 2021.In UEFA Euro 2020 Group B he captained Finland in matches against Denmark and Belgium but missed match against Russia. Personal life
Sparv is a Swedish-speaking Finn. Sparv is in a relationship with Jitka Nováčková, a Czech model and winner of the Czech Miss 2011 beauty pageant. Their daughter Leah was born in January 2021. In September 2021, Sparv publicly criticized the conditions for migrant workers that had been constructing the stadiums for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar in an article in The Players' Tribune. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Finland's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Sparv goal. Honours
FC Midtjylland
 Danish Superliga: 2014–15, 2017–18, 2019–20
 Danish Cup:  2018–19

Finland
Baltic Cup: runner-up 2012; bronze 2014

Individual
Finland U21 Player of the Year: 2007
FC Midtjylland Player of the Year: 2015
Finnish Footballer of the Year: 2015

References

External links

 FC Midtjylland official profile
 <mask>v – SPL competition record

1987 births
Living people
People from Vörå
Finnish footballers
Finnish expatriate footballers
Finland international footballers
Finland youth international footballers
Finland under-21 international footballers
Association football midfielders
Southampton F.C.players
Halmstads BK players
Vaasan Palloseura players
FC Groningen players
SpVgg Greuther Fürth players
FC Midtjylland players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
Allsvenskan players
Veikkausliiga players
Eredivisie players
2. Bundesliga players
Danish Superliga players
Super League Greece players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
Expatriate footballers in England
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Denmark
Finnish expatriate sportspeople in Denmark
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in


title: Sathyan (actor)

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 9 November 1912 – 15 June 1971) was an Indian film actor known for his work in Malayalam cinema. Known for his own style and versatility in acting, Satyan was one of the pioneers of realistic acting in Indian film industry. He is respectfully called <mask>. He was also a soldier in the British Indian Army and later a police officer with the Travancore State Police. <mask> won the best actor award at the first Kerala film state award ceremony for his double role in Kadalpalam. He won the Kerala state award for best actor again in 1971 for his film Karakanakadal. <mask> served as an officer in the British Indian Army during World War II.After the war he joined the Travancore state police as an inspector in late 1940s. During this time he got interested in acting and acted in amateur stage plays. He made his debut film in 1952 film Athmasakhi and rose to stardom with the critically acclaimed film Neelakuyil in 1954. He dominated the Malayalam film industry over two decades ( 1952 – 1971) along with his contemporary Prem Nazir. He is remembered for his performances in Anubhavangal Palichakal (1971), Karinizhal(1971),  Kadalpalam (1969),Yakshi (1968), Odayilninnu (1965), Udhyogastha (1967), Veettu Mrugam (1969), Vazhvemayam (1970),Oru penninte kadha (1971), karakanakadal(1971),Pakalkinavu (1966), Ningalenne Communist Akki(1970), kayamkulam kochunni(1966),Sarasayya(1971), Rowdy(1966), Mooladhanam (1969),Chemmeen (1965), Ammayenna Sthree (1970),Kuttavali (1970),Crossbelt (1970), Adimakal (1969), Thacholi Othenan(1964), Adhya kiranangal(1964), Mudiyanaya Puthran (1961). Personal life

<mask> was born in an L.M.S. (C.S.I.)Nadar family at Aramada, Thrikkannapuram, Thiruvananthapuram on 9 November 1912 as the first child of Cheruvilakathu Veettil Manuel and Emily. He has four siblings named Chellayya, Neshan,

masks: Chuvilakathu Veetil Manuel Sathyanesan Nadar


title: Sathyan (actor)

texts:
 Devadas, and Jacob. <mask> passed the Vidwan exam, equivalent to Master of Arts before joining St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School, Thiruvananthapuram as a teacher. After some time, he got job as a clerk in the Kerala Secretariat and worked there for about a year. He joined the army in 1941 and got posted as a Commissioned Officer of the Viceroy of India. He served the British army in Manipur, Burma (now Myanmar) and British Malaya (now Malaysia) during the World War II period. After finishing his term in the army, he returned home and joined the then Travancore State Police as a police inspector.During the Punnapra-Vayalar uprising in 1947–1948, <mask> was the inspector at Alappuzha North Police Station. <mask> was married to Jessy. They have three sons. Entry to films

<mask>'s entry into the field of acting started during his tenure as the police officer. At that time he acted in several amateur plays and that experience made him more interested in acting. His entry to film industry was accidental. He got introduced to a film musician Sebastian Kunjukunju Bhagavathar during his tenure as Inspector in Alappuzha North Police Station.The musician introduced <mask> to various film personalities and one producer promised to cast him in a film; however, <mask> did not get any calls from the producer. <mask> came to know about a film that Kaumudi Chief Editor and his neighbour K. Balakrishnan was planning. He met Balakrishnan and the latter was impressed by Sathyan. Balakrishnan cast him as the protagonist in the film written and produced by him, titled Thyagaseema. The then Deputy Superintendent of Police, Mary Arputham, objected to Sathyan acting in the film. <mask> resigned from his job to act in this film and shortened his name to <mask> from <mask>. However, the film was dropped.Thyagaseema was also incidentally the first

masks: Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyaneshan


title: Sathyan (actor)

texts:
 film for Prem Nazir. In 1952 P. Subramaniam established Neela Productions. He happened to see the rushes of Thyagaseema and was impressed by <mask>'s performance. Subramaniam invited <mask> to act as hero in his first film Athmasakhi (1952) which was Sathyan's first release. Film career

Rise to stardom

In 1952, <mask>'s first film got released. The film was titled Athmasakhi and it earned him recognition in the industry. <mask> rose to fame with the legendary Neelakkuyil (1954).The film was also a milestone in Malayalam film history. It was the first film to have an authentic Malayalam story. The film was written by renowned literary figure Uroob and directed by Ramu Karyat-P. Bhaskaran duo. The songs in the film written by P. Bhaskaran and set to tunes by K. Raghavan were superhits. The film became the first Malayalam film to win national recognition when it was awarded the Rajat Kamal (Silver Lotus Award). The film's success at the box office raised <mask> and his co-star Miss Kumari to stardom. Peak time

<mask>'s career was influenced by great directors like K. S. Sethumadhavan, P. Venu, A. Vincent and Ramu Karyat.Sathyan's roles in various films directed by K. S. Sethumadhavan like Pappu in Odayil Ninnu, Jayarajan in Daham, Prof. Sreeni in Yakshi (first psychological thriller in Malayalam) and the pratogonist in Vazhve Mayam were well appreciated. <mask>'s other major performances include those in Udhyogastha, Snehaseema, Nairu Pidicha Pulivalu, Veettu Mrugam, Mudiyanaya Puthran, Bharya, Shakuntala, Kayamkulam Kochunni, Adimakal and Karakanakadal. His famous title character 'Othenan' in the film Thacholi Othenan became highly popular among the masses. His role in Chemmeen, the poignant love story set against the background of the coast of Alappuzha did not win him the best actor award for the year, but is one of the

masks: Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan Sathyan


title: Sathyan (actor)

texts:
 most popular roles of his career. He acted in over 150 Malayalam films and two Tamil films. <mask> won the first Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor in 1969 for the double role in Kadalpalam. Final films

Vazhve Mayam, Anubhavangal Paalichakal, Karakanakadal which won high critical acclaim were among his final films.Other releases were Bhikara Nimishankal, Aranazhikaneram and Oru Penninte Katha (as Madhavan Thambi). <mask> died before completing the movie 'Anubhavangal Paalichakal.' It is said that the expressions of Sathyan in the song 'Pravaachankanmare' in that movie is real because of the pain he suffered in real life. It is also said that, the final scenes of <mask> in the movie are made with a dupe and the crying scene of Sheela in the climax is real because of the departure of <mask> in real life. He was posthumously awarded the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actor in 1971 for his performance in Karakanakadal. Mammootty and Suresh Gopi debuted in film as child artists in <mask>'s movies. Mammootty in Anubhavangal Paalichakal and Suresh Gopi in Odayil Ninnu.Death

<mask> died of leukemia after fighting it for a year and four months on 15 June 1971 at Madras. He was aged 58 at the time of his death. His body was taken back to his native place Thiruvananthapuram, and was buried with full state honours. Thousands attended his funeral. His wife outlived him for 16 years, dying in 1987. His eldest son <mask> died on Vishu day in 2014. Accolades and legacy

<mask> was a prominent actor to be considered as a superstar in Malayalam film industry after Thikkurissy Sukumaran Nair.During the late 1950s and the whole of the 1960s, he and Prem Nazir formed a bipolar industry with a considerable number of films starring at least one of them. He won the inaugural Kerala State Film Award for best actor in 1969 & again

masks:
Sathyan
Sathyan
Sathyan
Sathyan
Sathyan
Sathyan
Prakash Sathyan
Sathyan


title: Sathyan (actor)

texts:
 posthumously in 1971. There is a Sathyan Memorial Art Gallery in Thiruvananthapuram. Awards and recognition
Kerala State Film Awards:
1969: Best Actor – Kadalpalam (First State Award receiver)
1971: Best Actor – Karakanakkadal

Film Film Awards:
1969: Adimakal

Popular roles
Below are a few of the most popular & critically praised characters played by Sathyan:
Neelakuyil (1954) – Sreedharan Nair
Thacholi Othenan (1964) – Othenan
Odayil Ninnu (1965) – Pappu
Chemmeen (1965) – Palani
Yakshi (1968) – Sreeni
Kadalpalam (1969) – Double Role
Mooladhanam (1969) – multistarrer with Nazeer
Vazhve Mayam (1970) – Sudhi
Karinizhal (1970) – Colonel
Anubhavangal Paalichakal (1971) – Chellappan
Karakanakadal (1971) – posthumous state award winner

Memorials

Awards established in his name
 Sathyan National Film Award (Sathyan Foundation) : An award instituted by the "Sathyan Foundation"  a charitable organization formed with the basic objective of perpetuating the memory of veteran actor <mask> by his children and grand child. The "Sathyan National Film Award" is presented annually to an eminent personality of Indian cinema. Memento, certificate and 25000rs/- are given as award for the awardees. Winners: Murali, Thilakan, P. Bhaskaran, Balachandra Menon, Kalabhavan Mani, Sheela, Nedumudi Venu, Dileep, K. S. Chithra, K.J Yesudas, Kalabhavan Mani, Madhu, Sharada, Suresh Gopi,M.Jayachandran, Sreekumaran Thampi, Jerry Amaldev. Sathyan Award: An award instituted by the Kerala Cultural Forum. The award carries a sum of Rs. 10000 and a plaque. Winner: Innocent (2007)

Sathyan Memorial Film Award: An award instituted by the Sathyan Memorial Arts and Sports Club. The award is given in various fields including Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Anti-Hero, Best Comedian, Best Newcomer and Best Singers (male and female), taking the last year's performances


title: Kleber Koike Erbst

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<mask> (born October 16, 1989; ) is a Brazilian-born Japanese mixed martial artist who competes in the Featherweight division. He is currently fighting for the Japanese organization Rizin Fighting Federation and is the former KSW Featherweight Champion. Background
Born in São Paulo, Brazil, to a Japanese father and a Brazilian mother, <mask> lived in Brazil in his teenage years, until financial troubles led his parents to move to Japan. Erbst initially stayed in Brazil with relatives, but at the age of 14, joined them in Japan. Initially intending to help his parents and return to Brazil, but once he met jiu-jitsu, he decided to stay in Japan. When financial crisis hit Japan, his parents decided to move back to Brazil, leaving behind an 18 years old Erbst who wanted to stay. To finance his fighting career, Erbst took odd jobs such as construction, trash collection, etc.to pay for the sign-up fees. Mixed martial arts career
Bonsai Jiu-jitsu club competitor, submission specialist. His favorite technique is Triangle choke. A holder of a black belt Brazilian jiu-jitsu from the city of Iwata. In 2008–2014 he fought mainly at Japanese galas  DEEP and  Rings, beating at that time, among others of the former Shooto champion of Hideki Kadowaka. Konfrontacja Sztuk Walki
At the KSW 30 gala: Genesis defeated Anzor Azhiev by triangular choke in the 1st round. After a successful debut for the federation KSW, he took part in a featherweight tournament organized by the Chinese federation Rebel FC, which won and became a champion, defeating the American  Miguel Torres.At KSW 33: Materla vs. Khalidov, which took place on November 28, 2015, fought a duel with Artur Sowiński for the inaugural KSW Featherweight Championship, eventually losing by the judges' decision.

masks:
Kleber Koike Erbst
Kleber


title: Kleber Koike Erbst

texts:
 After another stint returning to Asia, picking two third round submission wins at Pancrase 277 and  Rebel FC 4, <mask> returned to KSW, facing Leszek Krakowski on October 1, 2016 at KSW 36. He won the bout via triangle choke in the first round. On May 27, 2017, at the KSW 39 gala held at the Stadion Narodowy, he won the KSW Featherweight Championship, defeating then featherweight champion Marcin Wrzosek unanimously for points. <mask> was to defend his title against Artur Sowiński at KSW 41 on December 23, 2017. However, after missing weight, <mask> was stripped of the belt, meaning only Sowiński was eligible for the title. Erbst won the bout via rear-naked choke in the third round.<mask> was to rematch Marcin Wrzosek for the vacant featherweight title on June 9, 2018 at KSW 44. However Wrzosek suffered a pectoral muscle tear and was forced out of the rematch. As a result, Marian Ziolkowski stepped in against Erbst in a catchweight fight. <mask> won the bout via armbar in the first round. <mask> faced Mateusz Gamrot on December 1, 2018 at KSW 46: Narkun vs. Khalidov 2. He lost the bout via an unanimous decision. Rizin Fighting Federation
After a first round submission win at ONE Japan Series against Akiyo Nishiura,<mask> made his Rizin debut on December 31, 2020 at during Rizin 26 against Kyle Aguon He won the bout via brabo choke in the first round.<mask> faced Kazumasa Majima at Rizin 27 on March 21, 2021. He won via triangle choke in the second round. <mask> faced Mikuru Asakura at Rizin 28.He won the bout after choking Mikuru unconscious via triangle choke. <mask> headlined Rizin Trigger 2 on February 23, 2022 against Ulka Sasaki. After overcoming a knockdown in the first round, <mask> submitted Sasaki in the second round via rear-naked

masks: Kleber Kleber Erbst Kleber Erbst Kleber Kleber Kleber Kleber Kleber Kleber


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
<mask> (–1612) was a Roman Catholic conspirator, involved in the Babington Plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England. Family
<mask>, born about 1546, was a younger son of the statesman <mask>, 1st Baron <mask>, and his wife, Anne Preston, the daughter and heir of Henry Preston. Paget had three brothers, Henry, Thomas, and Edward (died young), and six sisters who married well. Education
Paget left University of Cambridge on 27 May 1559 as a fellow commoner of Caius College. When Paget's father died in 1563, Paget inherited the lordship of Weston-on-Trent in Derbyshire. The following year he was present when Queen Elizabeth visited Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Like many other students he left the university without taking a degree, and although he was admitted to the Middle Temple in 1560, he never practised law.Exile
Like many other members of his family, Paget was a zealous Catholic, and in 1581 he went into exile, and for seven years lived principally in Paris, but also in Rouen. While in Paris he became closely associated with Thomas Morgan, an agent of Mary, Queen of Scots. Paget and Morgan endeavoured to keep Mary informed of events in France and other parts through correspondence with her two secretaries in England, Claude Nau and Gilbert Curle, and it was said that 'they four governed from thenceforth all the queen's affairs at their pleasure.' Paget and Morgan also helped Mary's ambassador to the French court, James Beaton, Archbishop of Glasgow, administer Mary's income from her dower lands in France (said to have been thirty million crowns a year), from which all three were granted

masks:
Charles Paget
Charles Paget
William Paget
Paget


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
 pensions. According to Holmes, although Morgan and Paget's enemies accused them of fraud, 'the degree of control which they were able to exercise over Mary's finances was probably quite slight', and it is known that in 1586 Mary herself concealed from Paget the fact that she had received funds from Philip II of Spain, because she owed Paget 4000 crowns. Paget and Morgan were involved in several plots against the English government. In 1582 the Jesuit Robert Persons and William Allen conceived a plot which would have had Henry I, Duke of Guise, Philip II of Spain, and Pope Gregory XIII work in concert with Scottish and English Catholics to bring about a successful invasion of England with the objective of releasing Mary, Queen of Scots, and deposing Elizabeth.Persons later claimed that <mask> and Morgan did not fully support the plan. Whether Paget and Morgan acted out of caution or for other motives is unclear. It is also said that an alliance between Paget and Morgan and Owen Lewis in Rome was the cause of disagreement among the Catholics. Persons states that the original cause of Paget and Morgan's disagreement with Allen and himself was their exclusion, at the request of Henry I, Duke of Guise and Beaton, from the meeting held at Paris in 1582, and that after their exclusion <mask> and Morgan inspired Mary with distrust of Spain and the Jesuits. Paget appears to have been a double agent, plotting against Queen Elizabeth while passing on information to her ministers. On 8 January 1582 he wrote from Paris to Sir Francis Walsingham that:
God made me known to you in this town, and led me to offer

masks: Paget Paget


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
 you affection; nothing can so comfort me as her Majesty's and your favour. And again on 28 September 1582:
In my answer to her Majesty's command for my return to England, assist me that she may yield me her favour and liberty of conscience in religion. . . .If this cannot be done, then solicit her for my enjoying my small living on this side the sea, whereby I may be kept from necessity, which otherwise will force me to seek relief of some foreign prince. On 23 October 1582 Paget informed Walsingham of his intention to go to Rouen for his health, and to drink English beer. He professed dutiful allegiance to Elizabeth, and his readiness to be employed in any service, matter of conscience in religion only excepted. Secret visit to England
In the summer of 1583 Paget travelled from Rouen secretly into England, using the pseudonym Mope. It is alleged that the object of his journey was to concert measures for an invasion by the Duke of Guise and the King of Scots. For a time he hid in the house of William Davies, at Patching, Sussex. On 8 September he had an interview at Petworth with Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland.He was afterwards secretly conveyed to a lodge in the Earl's park called Conigar Lodge, where he stayed for about eight days. His brother, Thomas, was also summoned to Petworth. On 16 September Paget met in a wood, called Patching Copse, with William Shelley, who was subsequently convicted of treason. Paget likely also met at this time with Lord Henry Howard, who had come to Sussex from Norfolk. In a letter written on 25 October 1582 <mask> told Paget that his abiding in Rouen was


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
 more misliked in England than his abiding in Paris, considering that he consorted there with men like John Lesley, Bishop of Ross, adding that:
he was sorry to hear by some good friends that he carried himself not so dutifully as he ought to do, and that he would disown him as a brother if he forgot the duty he owed to England. From this letter it would seem that <mask>'s interview with his brother at Petworth must have been of a more innocent character than has been generally supposed. However, about the end of November <mask> himself fled to Paris, and was from thenceforth suspected of complicity in all his brother's treasons.On 2 December 1583, Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador to the French court, wrote from Paris to Sir Frances Walsingham that:
 Lord <mask>, with <mask> and <mask>, suddenly entered my dining chamber before any one was aware of it, and Lord Paget says they came away for their consciences, and for fear, having enemies. They also told him that for all things but their consciences they would live as dutifully as any in the world. After this, <mask>, in conjunction with Morgan and other malcontents at home and abroad, continued their plans, which were well known to the English government, and in June 1584 Sir Edward Stafford, the English ambassador to the French court, made a formal demand, in the name of Queen Elizabeth, for the surrender of <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, Thomas Throckmorton, and Thomas Morgan for having conspired against the life of the English Queen. The King of France, however, refused to deliver them up, although he did imprison Morgan in the Bastille, and

masks:
Thomas Paget
Thomas Paget
Paget
Charles Paget
Charles Arundel
Charles Paget
Thomas Paget
Charles Paget
Charles Arundel


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
 sent his papers to Queen Elizabeth. Paget was regarded with the utmost distrust and suspicion by Walsingham, who, in a despatch sent to Stafford on 16 December 1584, wrote that: <mask>t is a most dangerous instrument, and I wish, for Northumberland's sake, he had never been born. Although all his plots had signally failed, Paget appears to have clung to the hope that the Protestant religion in England could be subverted by a foreign force. Writing under the signature of 'Nauris,' from Paris, to one Nicholas Berden alias Thomas Rogers on 31 January 1588 he observed, in reference to the anticipated triumph of the Spanish Armada:
 When the day of invasion happens, the proudest Councillor or Minister in England will be glad of the favour of a Catholic gentleman.In the same letter he stated that all Walsingham's alphabets or ciphers had been interpreted by him. Brussels
In March 1588 Paget entered the service of the Philip II of Spain, and went to live in Brussels, where he remained for the next eleven years. His name appears in the list of English exiles in Flanders who refused to sign the address of the English fathers of the Society of Jesus. He continued his correspondence:
 I am incited to boldness with you by your favour to my nephew Paget, and the good report I hear of your sweet nature, modesty, and wisdom. I desire ardently to do a service agreeable both to the queen and the king of Spain. I am under obligation to the one as an English subject, and
to the other as a catholic prince who has relieved me in my banishment. He added that
His Highness ' was willing to treat with allies, and


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
 particularly with the queen, that the crowns of England and Spain might return to their old amity
On 27 April 1598 Paget wrote from Liège to Thomas Barnes in London: I am unspeakably comforted that the queen inclines to listen to my humble suit.The profits of my land are worth £200 a year to myself; it is a lordship called Weston-upon-Trent. ... I cannot capitulate with the Queen; but the greater my offence has been, the greater is her mercy in pardoning and restoring me to my blood and living, showing the liberality which makes her famous, and obliging me to spend my life at her feet. Paris and the Scottish faction
The English Catholic exiles eventually split into two parties, the one, called the Spanish faction, supporting the claims of the Infanta of Spain to the English crown, while the other, denominated the Scottish faction, advocated the right of James VI of Scotland. Paget was the acknowledged head of the Scottish faction, and in 1599 he threw up his employment under the King of Spain, and returned to Paris. Among the State Papers is a letter from a Catholic in Brussels to his friend, a monk at Liège, giving a detailed account of Paget and his 'practices'. The writer says that from the first hour that his years permitted him to converse with men, he has been tampering in broils and practices, betwixt friend and friend, man and wife, and, as his credit and craft increase, betwixt prince and prince.Animated by intense hatred of the Spanish faction, <mask> lost no time after his arrival at Paris in putting himself in communication with Sir Henry Neville, the English ambassador, who forwarded a


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
 detailed account of the circumstances to Sir Robert Cecil in a despatch dated 27 June (O.S.) 1599. Cecil seems to have been by no means anxious to encourage Paget, but Neville was more favourable to him. Paget said he felt himself slighted by the English government, but he nevertheless seems to have given from time to time important intelligence to Neville and to Ralph Winwood the succeeding ambassador at the French court. His attainder appears to have been reversed in the first parliament of James I, probably by the act restoring in blood his nephew William, Lord Paget, and it is presumed that he returned to England. His paternal estate, including the manor of Weston on Trent and other manors in Derbyshire, was restored to him on 13 July 1603; and on 18 August in the same year James I granted him £200 per annum, part of a fee-farm rent reserved by a patent of Queen Elizabeth, bestowing the lands of <mask> on <mask> and his heirs. He died, probably in England, about the beginning of February 1611 – 1612, leaving a good estate to the sons of one of his sisters.Major works
 A proposition for calling the Jesuits out of England, by means of the French king, during the treaty, and entitled  A Brief Note of the Practices that divers Jesuits have had for killing Princes and changing of States, June 1598. Manuscript in the State Papers, Dom. Eliz. vol. cclxvii. art. 67.Answer to Dolman [Robert Parsons] on the Succession to the English Crown, Paris, 1600. John Petit, writing from Liège to Peter Halins, 25 July (O.S.) 1600, remarks : ' A book has come out in answer to that one on the succession to the crown

masks:
Lord Paget
William Paget


title: Charles Paget (conspirator)

texts:
 of England, which is all for the Scot, but I cannot get sight of it. Clitheroe was the author, and he being dead, <mask> has paid for its printing' (Cal. State Papers, Dom. Eliz. 1598–1601, pp.456, 460). It appears that the latter part of the book was written by Paget. An Answere made by me, <mask>, Esquier, to certayne untruthes and falsityes, tochinge myselfe, contayned in a booke [by Robert Parsons] intitled a briefe Apologie or defence of the Catholicke Hierarchie & subordination in Englande, Printed with Dr. Humphrey Ely's ' Certaine Briefe Notes vpon a Briefe Apologie set out under the name of the Priestes united to the Archpriest,' Paris 1603

Footnotes

References

1540s births
1612 deaths
16th-century English people
17th-century English people
People from South Derbyshire District
<mask> sons of

masks:
Charles Paget
Charles Paget
Charles Younger


title: Augustus Pugin

texts:
<mask> ( ; 1 March 181214 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist and critic who is principally remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style of architecture. His work culminated in designing the interior of the Palace of Westminster in Westminster, London, England, and its iconic clock tower, later renamed the Elizabeth Tower, which houses the bell known as Big Ben. Pugin designed many churches in England, and some in Ireland and Australia. He was the son of <mask>, and the father of <mask> and <mask>, who continued his architectural firm as Pugin & Pugin. He also created Alton Castle in Alton, Staffordshire. Biography

Pugin was the son of the French draughtsman <mask>, who had immigrated to England as a result of the French Revolution and had married Catherine Welby of the Welby family of Denton, Lincolnshire, England. Pugin was born on 1 March 1812 at his parents' house in Bloomsbury, London, England.Between 1821 and 1838, Pugin's father published a series of volumes of architectural drawings, the first two entitled Specimens of Gothic Architecture and the following three Examples of Gothic Architecture, that not only remained in print but were the standard references for Gothic architecture for at least the next century. Religion
As a child, his mother took Pugin each Sunday to the services of the fashionable Scottish Presbyterian preacher Edward Irving (later the founder of the Holy Catholic Apostolic Church), at his chapel in Cross Street, Hatton Garden, Camden, London. Pugin quickly rebelled against this version of

masks:
Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin
Auguste Pugin
Edward Welby Pugin
Peter Paul Pugin
Auguste Pugin


title: Augustus Pugin

texts:
 the increasing number of buildings being constructed in the Gothic Revival style, but the enterprise quickly failed. Marriages
In 1831, at the age of 19, Pugin married the first of his three wives, Anne Garnet. She died a few months later in childbirth, leaving him a daughter. He had a further six children, including the future architect Edward Welby <mask>, with his second wife, Louisa Burton, who died in 1844. His third wife, Jane Knill, kept a journal of their marital life, from their marriage in 1848 to Pugin's death, which was later published.Their son was the architect Peter Paul <mask>. Salisbury
Following his second marriage in 1833, <mask> moved to Salisbury, Wiltshire, with his wife, and in 1835 bought  of land in Alderbury, about  outside the town. On this he built a Gothic Revival style house for his family, which he named St. Marie's Grange. Of it, Charles Eastlake said "he had not yet learned the art of combining a picturesque exterior with the ordinary comforts of an English home." Conversion to the Roman Catholic Church
In 1834, Pugin converted to the Roman Catholic Church and was received into it the following year. British society at the start of the 19th century often discriminated against dissenters from the Church of England, although things began to change during Pugin's lifetime, helping to make Pugin's eventual conversion to Roman Catholicism more socially acceptable. For example, dissenters could not take degrees at the established universities of Oxford and Cambridge until 1871, but the University of London (later renamed University

masks: Pugin Pugin Pugin


title: Augustus Pugin

texts:
 included both a chapel and an aula maxima (great hall), neither of which were built because of financial constraints. The college chapel was designed by a follower of Pugin, the Irish architect J. J. McCarthy. Also in Ireland, Pugin designed St. Mary's Cathedral in Killarney, St. Aidan's Cathedral in Enniscorthy (renovated in 1996), and the Dominican Church of the Holy Cross in Tralee. He revised the plans for St. Michael Church in Ballinasloe, County Galway, Ireland. Bishop Wareing also invited Pugin to design what eventually became Northampton Cathedral, a project that was completed in 1864 by Pugin's son Edward Welby <mask>. Pugin visited Italy in 1847; his experience there confirmed his dislike of Renaissance and Baroque architecture, but he found much to admire in the medieval art of northern Italy. Illness and death

In February 1852, while travelling with his son Edward by train, Pugin suffered a total breakdown and arrived in London unable to recognise anyone or speak coherently.For four months he was confined to a private asylum, Kensington House. In June, he was transferred to the Royal Bethlem Hospital, popularly known as Bedlam. At that time, Bethlem Hospital was opposite St George's Cathedral, Southwark, one of Pugin's major buildings, where he had married his third wife, Jane, in 1848. Jane and a doctor removed Pugin from Bedlam and took him to a private house in Hammersmith where they attempted therapy, and he recovered sufficiently to recognise his wife. In September, Jane took her husband back to The Grange in Ramsgate, where he died on 14


title: Augustus Pugin

texts:
 September 1852. He is buried in his church next to The Grange, St Augustine's, Ramsgate. On Pugin's death certificate, the cause listed was "convulsions followed by coma".Pugin's biographer, Rosemary Hill, suggests that, in the last year of his life, he was suffering from hyperthyroidism which would account for his symptoms of exaggerated appetite, perspiration, and restlessness. Hill writes that Pugin's medical history, including eye problems and recurrent illness from his early twenties, suggests that he contracted syphilis in his late teens, and this may have been the cause of his death at the age of 40. Palace of Westminster

In October 1834, the Palace of Westminster burned down. Subsequently, the Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, wanted, now that he was premier, to disassociate himself from the controversial John Wilson Croker, who was a founding member of the Athenaeum Club; a close associate of the pre-eminent neoclassical architects James Burton and Decimus Burton; an advocate of neoclassicism; and a repudiator of the neo-gothic style. Consequently, Peel appointed a committee chaired by Edward Cust, a detestor of the style of John Nash and William Wilkins, which resolved that the new Houses of Parliament would have to be in either the 'gothic' or the 'Elizabethan' style. <mask>. N<mask>, the foremost expert on the Gothic, had to submit each of his designs through, and thus in the name of, other architects, Gillespie-Graham and Charles Barry, because he had recently openly and fervently converted to Roman Catholicism, as a consequence of which any design

masks:
Augustus W
. Pugin


title: Augustus Pugin

texts: submitted in his own name would certainly have been automatically rejected; the design he submitted for improvements to Balliol College, Oxford, in 1843 were rejected for this reason. The design for Parliament that Pugin submitted through Barry won the competition.Subsequent to the announcement of the design ascribed to Barry, William Richard Hamilton, who had been secretary to Elgin during the acquisition of the marbles, published a pamphlet in which he censured the fact that 'gothic barbarism' had been preferred to the masterful designs of Ancient Greece and Rome: but the judgement was not altered, and was ratified by the Commons and the Lords. The commissioners subsequently appointed Pugin to assist in the construction of the interior of the new Palace, to the design of which Pugin himself had been the foremost determiner. Pugin's biographer, Rosemary Hill, shows that Barry designed the Palace as a whole, and only he could co-ordinate such a large project and deal with its difficult paymasters, but he relied entirely on Pugin for its Gothic interiors, wallpapers and furnishings. The first stone of the new <mask>-Barry design was laid on 27 April 1840. During the competition for the design of the new Houses of Parliament, Decimus Burton, 'the land's leading classicist', was vituperated with continuous invective, which Guy Williams has described as an 'anti-Burton campaign', by the foremost advocate of the neo-gothic style, <mask>. N. <mask>, who was made enviously reproachful that Decimus "had done much more than Pugin's father (<mask> <mask>) to alter the

masks:
Pugin
Augustus W
Pugin
Augustus Charles
Pugin