title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts: discussing the future of politics without <mask> – an incident <mask>'s young son found disturbing as <mask> had yet to be declared dead.Catterall laboured for five hours to save <mask>, but to no avail. <mask>'s official time of death was later pronounced as 10PM. Without <mask>, the country was momentarily leaderless, without an acting Prime Minister. Tun Razak ordered that he be laid in state at the Malaysian Houses of Parliament, and be buried at the Makam Pahlawan (Heroes' Mausoleum) near Masjid Negara (National Mosque), Kuala Lumpur. <mask> would be the first to be laid to rest there, and also the first recipient of a Malaysian state funeral. However, Works & Communications Minister Tun Sardon Jubir, the next-most senior Cabinet minister, ordered that <mask> lie in state at the Masjid Negara, and that he be buried just outside the Makam Pahlawan instead. As <mask>'s body was transported from his home to the National Mosque, crowds thronged the streets.Razak was provided with a plane by the Canadian government that took him to Copenhagen, from where he took a commercial flight to Kuala Lumpur. <mask>'s burial was postponed until his arrival. Upon arrival, finding that his instructions for <mask>'s funeral had not been followed, Razak reportedly exclaimed to <mask>'s widow, "Who am I to trust now?" Razak was particularly upset that the lying in state had been held in the National Mosque instead of the Houses of Parliament, as he had intended that non-Muslim Malaysians be able to view the lying in state without discomfort. Tun Sardon Jubir attempted to justify his instructions by citing a mufti who had informed him that


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

type: original

texts:
 Muslims could not be buried under a roof. The Tunku was exasperated by this explanation, remarking: "My forefathers are all buried in a mausoleum under a roof!" Razak, who would normally have overlooked such incidents, delayed the burial and brought in a detachment of soldiers to tear up the floor of the mausoleum, where <mask> was indeed laid to rest.Political views
<mask> was particularly known for his non-ethnic approach to political issues. Expressing concern over racial polarisation in the country, he once asked:

Although, according to his biographers, <mask> was "usually considered as a very good Malay leader...<mask> knew that Malaysia is full of non-Malays." Unlike other UMNO politicians, <mask> avoided cultivating a political following: "He was there to build the country. That's it. He was actually a reluctant politician. So he wasn't a politician in the sense that he didn't cultivate 'my people'. He didn't care whether he made friends or not.That kind of person wasn't very popular". As Foreign Minister, <mask> pushed for non-alignment and non-interference in the internal affairs of ASEAN countries. He also supported the establishment of a central bank to quell foreign investment worries about a lack of independence in Malaysian monetary policy. Honours

Honours of Malaya
  :
  Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (PMN) – Tan Sri, formerly Dato' (1959)

Honours of Malaysia
  :
  Grand Commander of the Order of Loyalty to the Crown of Malaysia (SSM) – Tun (1966)
  :
  Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Crown of Johor (SPMJ) – Dato' (1965)

Legacy
The legacy left behind by <mask> is often

masks: Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 viewed in a positive light. It is conventionally held that his sudden death altered the course of Malaysian history – Tun <mask> appointed Tun Hussein Onn as his new deputy, and Hussein Onn would later appoint Mahathir as Deputy Prime Minister after succeeding Razak, setting Mahathir on the course towards becoming Prime Minister. Despite this, historians have often overlooked <mask>; one biographer of his has said that:

<mask>'s eldest son has suggested that <mask> was largely ignored because "Razak didn't want people to know about his illness and he didn't need a prop like Dr <mask>. He had to move out of Dr <mask>'s shadow.My father didn't say he was controlling Razak, but people perceived he was doing so, including those who advised Razak." Generally, <mask> has been regarded as reliable and incorruptible, "remembered for his deep dislike of incompetence and bigotry, his strict adherence to the virtues of hard work and honesty, and his belief in the principles of national independence and multi-racialism". Tycoon Robert Kuok, a friend of <mask>'s, would later remark that:

Places named after him
Several places were named after him, including:
 Taman Tun Dr Ismail, a township in Kuala Lumpur, and the  MRT station serving it. Notes and references

Other references
 Britannica entry on Tun Dr. <mask> <mask>

Bibliography
 Thajunnisa Mohamed Ibrahim, Tun Dr. <mask>: Kejora timur yang mengerdip, Utusan Publications, 2004,

1915 births
1973 deaths
Ambassadors of Malaysia to the United States
Malaysian expatriates in the United States
Deputy Prime Ministers of Malaysia
Foreign ministers of Malaysia
Government ministers of

masks:
Abdul Razak
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail Abdul
Rahman
Ismail


title: Dinesh Singh (academic)

texts:
Professor <mask>, chancellor K.R. Mangalam University is an Indian professor of mathematics. He served as the 21st Vice-Chancellor of the University of Delhi, is a distinguished fellow of Hackspace at Imperial College London, and has been an adjunct professor of Mathematics at the University of Houston. For his services to the nation he was conferred with the Padma Shri which is the fourth highest civilian award awarded  by the Republic of India. Early life and background

<mask> earned his B.sc.(Hons. – Maths) in 1975 and M.A. (Maths) in 1977 from  St. Stephen's College, followed by M.Phil (Maths) in 1978 from the University of Delhi.He did a PhD in Math from Imperial College London in 1981. He holds numerous honorary doctorates some of them being awarded by University of Edinburgh, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, University College Cork, Ireland. and University of Houston. Career

<mask> started his career as Lecturer at St. Stephen's College, University of Delhi in 1981. Thereafter he joined Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi in 1987. He was the Head, Department of Mathematics, University of Delhi from December, 2004 to September, 2005. He served the University of Delhi as a Director, South Campus from 2005-2010.He officiated briefly as Pro Vice Chancellor, University of Delhi, before being appointed Vice Chancellor on 29 October 2010. His area of specialization include Functional analysis, Operator Theory,  and Harmonic analysis. He is adjunct professor at the University of Houston and has also taught at Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Indian Statistical Institute, Delhi. He is a recipient of Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian honor awarded by the Republic of India. He is noted for being instrumental in setting up of Cluster Innovation Centre at

masks:
Dinesh Singh
Dinesh Singh
Singh


title: Dinesh Singh (academic)

texts:
 University of Delhi , an inter-disciplinary, first of its kind research center particularly promoting undergraduate research. He also popularized the concept of innovation as credit. Awards and distinctions
 Padma Shri- India's fourth highest civilian awards by the President of India "in recognition of distinguished service in the field of Literature and Education", 2014
Career Award in Mathematics of the University Grants Commission, 1994.The AMU Prize of the Indian Mathematical Society, 1989. The Inlaks Scholarship to pursue the Ph.D. degree at the Imperial College, 1978. Mukherji-Ram Behari Mathematics Prize of St. Stephen’s College for the Best Pass in M.A., 1977. Best Undergraduate in Mathematics prize of St. Stephen’s College, 1974. Member, Scientific Advisory Committee to the Union Cabinet, Govt. of India
Member, Jnanpith Award Jury Selection Board-one of the highest literary prizes in India
Elected President, Mathematical Sciences Section, Indian Science Congress Association, 2012-13
Elected Vice President, Ramanujan Mathematical Society, 2013-15

Controversies

During <mask>'s tenure as Vice Chancellor of Delhi University, the Delhi University Teachers Association criticised his leadership as being authoritarian. In 2013, the President of the association claimed that dissenting voices were silenced, and called <mask>'s style "feudal and autocratic", and two years later, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Sciences principal Manoj Khanna resigned from his position, also referring to <mask>'s "autocratic" attitude.Khanna claimed that colleges were required to submit false affidavits to the All-India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) in order to get approval to run BTech courses, something that was denied by the university's spokesperson. <mask> was also accused of financial and

masks: Singh Singh Singh Singh


title: Dinesh Singh (academic)

texts: administrative irregularities. A ‘White Paper’ released by Delhi University Teachers’ Association (DUTA) alleged financial and administrative irregularities in functioning of Delhi University, like diversion of OBC funds for purchase of laptops or flagging off ‘Gyanodaya Express’. The Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, after approval of the President of India (who is also the Visitor of Delhi University) issued a show cause notice to <mask> regarding these allegations. <mask> responded to the showcause notice denying every charge but HRD ministry turned down his request for withdrawing showcause notice. Noted Academics including ex-President of the Indian National Science Academy, Krishan Lal, former Director General of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, SK Brahmachari, Keki N Daruwallla, ex-Vice President of the Indian Academy of Sciences and a host of academics from JNU, Jamia and Banaras Hindu University and Ex-DU Vice-Chancellor "backed" Prof. <mask> <mask> raising concern over the manner in which, "the autonomy of the university was being compromised". The government decided not to process his reply to the showcause notice as he had barely few months left in his tenure and few senior Cabinet ministers pleaded for no action against him in order for him to finish his full term.The HRD ministry, on 7 October 2015, requested the Visitor to send <mask> <mask> on 'forced leave' on the charge that <mask> <mask> tried to derail the process of appointment of his successor. However, the HRD ministry had to withdraw the request as the Visitor Pranab Mukherjee was not convinced if the DU VC should be punished with barely 20 days left of his term. The Visitor asked <mask> <mask> not to continue for a single day beyond the last day of his term. However, <mask>

masks: Singh Singh Dinesh Singh Dinesh Singh Dinesh Singh Dinesh Singh Dinesh


title: Dinesh Singh (academic)

texts:
 <mask> denied the charge of intentionally derailing the process of appointment of his successor and asserted that he will not continue a day beyond his tenure as is being speculated. In spite of just 20-odd days left for the completion of his term, a large number of teachers and students came out to protest in front of the Vice Regal Lodge demanding his ouster. Not only did the activists of National Democratic Teachers' Front and Academics for Action and Development (Rathi) protest against <mask> <mask>. but the demand for the removal of <mask> <mask> has seen the archrivals Democratic Teachers' Front (DTF) and Academics for Action and Development (AAD) to join anti-VC protests by Delhi University Teachers Association.J Khuntiya, chairman, AAD (Rathi) alleged that the delay has been intentional to ensure that Umesh Rai, a member of the team of <mask> <mask> becomes eligible for selection. One of the names included by <mask> <mask> in the search committee for the selection of new Vice-Chancellor is Vinod Rai. DUTA has also recently charged <mask> with plagiarism and has sought investigation into these plagiarism charges against him. <mask> was instrumental in initiating Four Year Undergraduate Program (FYUP) which met with a lot of resistance from different quarters, after which the programme was scrapped as per the directives of the University Grant Commission(UGC) . Thereafter, <mask> announced his resignation  but later retracted it. References

External links
 Dr Vikas Goswami Oncologist

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Scholars from Varanasi
Mathematics educators
Functional analysts
Operator theorists
Mathematical analysts
St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni
Vice-Chancellors of the University of Delhi
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
20th-century

masks: Singh Dinesh Singh Dinesh Singh Dinesh Singh Dinesh Singh Singh Singh Singh


title: Maria Charles

texts:
<mask> (born 22 September 1929) is an English film, television and stage actress, director and comedian. She is probably best known for her TV performance as the overbearing mother Bea Fisher in the ITV sitcom Agony. <mask> has also appeared on the stage in original West End productions including musicals by Stephen Sondheim, <mask> and Sandy Wilson. Early life
<mask> was born in London on 22 September 1929 as <mask>. She was the daughter of David Schneider (1896-1980) and Celia Schneider née Ashkenaza (1906-1954). Her father was a hairdresser who used the soubriquet "<mask>". When she graduated from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London in 1946 she took her father's working name as her stage surname.Career
<mask> has had an exceptionally long acting career that spans over seven decades. She made her stage debut as the Dormouse in a 1945 production of Alice in Wonderland at the Connaught Theatre, Worthing and her West End theatre debut in the Pick up Girl at the Prince of Wales Theatre in 1946. <mask> appeared in the original London production of The Boy Friend as 'Dulcie' which ran for a total of 2,082 performances from (1954 to 1959). She played the part of 'Solange Lafitte' in the original West End production of Follies at the Shaftesbury Theatre by Stephen Sondheim. The show ran for 644 performances from 21 July 1987 to 4 February 1989 and starred Julia McKenzie, Daniel Massey and Eartha Kitt. <mask> has worked extensively in theatre, TV and films and has carved a niche for herself on television playing clingy Jewish mothers. She appeared in the memorable BBC Play for Today anthology TV series which ran from (1970 to 1984) in the TV play the Bar Mitzvah Boy which won the BAFTA, British

masks:
Maria Charles
Charles
Charles Strouse
Maria Charles
Maria Zena Schneider
Mr Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles


title: Maria Charles

texts:
 2007

Film appearances
Goldie, A Gunman has Escaped, Monarch, 1948
WRAC female soldier, Folly to Be Wise, British Lion, 1952
Blonde, The Deadly Affair, Columbia, 1967
Tea lady, The Strange Case of the End of Civilization as We Know It, 1977
Lady Client, Revenge of the Pink Panther, 1978
Senora Pulido, Cuba, United Artists, 1979
Madame President, Victor/Victoria, MGM/UA, 1982
Mrs. Weedle, Under the Bed, CFU, 1988.The Pure Gatherer, The Fool, 1990
Sylvia Pinker, Antonia & Jane, Miramax, 1991. <mask>, August Entertainment/Bratton/Wavepower Navigation Corp., 1995
The Broadway Babies, Hey, Mr Producer! (also known as Hey Mr. Producer! The Musical World of Cameron Mackintosh), Act Two, Broadway Baby, Follies, 1998
Mrs Glitzman, Sixty Six, 2006. Mrs Reaper, Hot Fuzz, 2007. Ethel, Sisterhood, 2008. Television appearances

Series
Lorelei Macefield, Crossroads, 1964.Mrs. Higgins, Pollyanna, BBC, 1973
Madge, Thomas and Sarah, 1979
Bea Fisher, Agony, LWT 1979
Mrs. Sadler, Never the Twain, Thames Television 1981
May, Dream Stuffing, Channel 4 1984
Bea Fisher, Agony Again, BBC, 1995. Lena Thistlewood, Coronation Street, ITV, 2005. Miniseries
Miss Ninetta Crummles, Nicholas Nickleby, BBC, 1957. <mask>'Israeli, Disraeli, ATV, 1978. Ma Mayfield, Brideshead Revisited, PBS, 1982. Lady Chairperson, "A Perfect Spy" (also known as "John Le Carre's A Perfect Spy"), Masterpiece Theatre, PBS, 1988
Sarah Pocket, Great Expectations, ITV 1989. Old lady gambler, The 10th Kingdom, NBC, 2000.TV films
Florrie Small, The Likes of 'Er, BBC Films, 1947. Blanaid, The Moon in the Yellow River, BBC Films, 1947. Sara Pocket, Great Expectations, NBC, 1974
Widow Corney, Oliver Twist, ABC, 1997. Alena, Crime and Punishment (also known as

masks:
Maria
Maria D


title: Maria Charles

texts:
 Dostoevsky's Crime and Punishment), NBC, 1998
Mrs. Hawtrey, Cor, Blimey!, Company 2000. TV specials
Mrs Hartop, "The Mill", Country Matters I, 1972
Mrs. Rita Green, Bar Mitzvah Boy (also known as Play for Today:Bar Mitzvah Boy), 1977

TV episodesRogues Gallery, ITV, 1968. Joyce Farrington, Crown Court, 1975. Grandma Canty, The Prince and the Pauper, 1976.Louise Colbert, Secret Army, BBC, 1977. Jewish woman, "The Violet Hour," Whoops Apocalypse, 1982
Mrs. Jowett, "Charity Begins at Home: Parts 1 & 2," Boon, 1988
Miss Phelan, "Deluge," Casualty, 1989Alas Smith & Jones, 1990
Alice, "The Galloping Major," Lovejoy, 1993
Second lady, "Paris, October 1916," The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, 1993
Celia Owen, "Release," Holby City, 2001
Noreen Biggs, "Pillow Talk", "Prison Issue" & "5.12" Bad Girls, 2002 & 2003
Granny, Series Finale, Skins'', 2009. Directing credits
The Boy Friend, (40th anniversary original cast reunion), at the Players Theatre, London, 1995. Poppy at the ICA, London, 1999. Other
Anna Gemignani, Anna (pilot), NBC, 1990

She has also appeared in Angel Pavement, Down Our Street, Easter Passion, The Fourth Wall, The Good Old Days, La Ronde, Rogue's Gallery, Shine on Harvey Moon, Turn Out the Lights, The Ugliest Girl in Town, The Voice of the Turtle, and Sheppey. References

External links
 . Accessed: 21 July 2013.Monarch Film Corporation (films) at IMDb. Accessed: 21 July 2013. <mask> at Hollywood.com. Accessed: 21 July 2013. <mask> at DigiGuide.tv. Accessed: 21 July 2013.
 . Accessed: 21 July 2013. 1929 births
Living people
English film actresses
English television actresses
English musical theatre actresses
Actresses from London
British people of Jewish descent
Jewish English

masks:
Maria Charles
Maria Charles


title: Avery D. Andrews

texts:
<mask><mask> (April 4, 1864 – April 19, 1959) was an officer in the United States Army and a corporate attorney and executive. He was most prominent for his service as a brigadier general on the staff of the American Expeditionary Forces headquarters during World War I. A native New York state's North Country, <mask> graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1886, and was a classmate of John J. Pershing. He served as an artillery officer, and was appointed aide-de-camp to John Schofield, whose daughter he married in 1888. After graduating with law degrees from Columbian University and New York Law School, <mask> resigned from the army and became a successful corporate attorney and executive in New York City. He returned to the army for the Spanish–American War, and served as Adjutant General of New York during the governorship of Theodore Roosevelt. <mask> again returned to the army for World War I; he attained the rank of brigadier general, and his service culminated with assignment as Assistant Chief of Staff for Personnel (C-1) on the headquarters staff of the American Expeditionary Forces.After the war, <mask> remained a brigadier general in the Organized Reserve Corps until retiring in 1926. He practiced law until retiring to Florida in 1943. In 1934, <mask> published a Pershing biography. He died in Florida in 1959, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Massena, New York on April 4, 1864, the son of Hannibal and Harriet (<mask><mask>. He was educated in Massena, and attended Williston Seminary from 1881 to 1882. In 1882, <mask> began attendance at the United States Military Academy, from which he graduated in 1886, the same class which included John J. Pershing.<mask> was commissioned a second lieutenant in

masks:
Avery D
. Andrews
Andrews
Andrews
Andrews
Andrews
Andrews
Avery Delano
Andrews
Delano
) Andrews
Andrews
Andrews


title: Avery D. Andrews

texts:
 the 5th Artillery, and served at Fort Columbus on Governors Island, New York. Early career
<mask> was on special duty at Headquarters, Division of the Atlantic in 1888. From 1889 to 1892 he was aide-de-camp to Lieutenant General John Schofield, the Commanding General of the United States Army. He was promoted to first lieutenant in 1892. While serving as Schofield's aide, <mask> received a LL.B. degree from Columbian University (now George Washington University Law School). In 1892 he received an LL.B.from New York Law School. <mask> was admitted to the bar in New York, and resigned from the Army in 1893. Continued career
<mask> established a successful law practice in New York City as a partner in the firm of Wells and Andrews. He was also an officer and director of several corporations including general counsel and vice president for Barber Asphalt Paving Company; American representative for the Royal Dutch Shell Petroleum Company; Director of Irving Trust Company; and Director of Central National Bank. In 1895 he was appointed to New York City's Board of Police Commissioners by Mayor William L. Strong. <mask> served as treasurer of the board while Theodore Roosevelt was its president. Spanish–American War
After resigning from the Army, <mask> was appointed Engineers officer on the staff of the New York National Guard's 1st Brigade, and commissioned as a major.In 1898 he was appointed commander of Squadron A, a separate unit of the New York National Guard. When the Spanish–American War began in 1898, <mask> was commissioned a lieutenant colonel in the United States Volunteers, and assigned as chief quartermaster and assistant inspector general on the staff of 1st Division, Sixth Army Corps, which was commanded by Major General James H. Wilson. In 1899, <mask> was

masks: Andrews Andrews Andrews Andrews Andrews Andrews Andrews Andrews


title: Avery D. Andrews

texts:
 appointed Adjutant General of New York by Theodore Roosevelt, who had won the 1898 election for governor. <mask> was promoted to brigadier general in the National Guard, and he served as adjutant general until 1900. Post-Spanish–American War
After the war, <mask> returned to his law practice and business interests, and was recognized as an expert in federal and state laws pertaining to the railroad, oil, and banking industries. World War I

When the United States entered World War I in 1917, <mask> was appointed Director of Military Service for the state of Pennsylvania's Committee of Public Safety. In October of that year he resigned as director in order to return to active military service.Commissioned as a colonel of Engineers in the National Army, he sailed for France in November. <mask> joined the Service of Supply, and served successively as deputy director of Transportation, Deputy Chief of Utilities, and Deputy Assistant Chief of Staff. In August 1918, he was appointed Assistant Chief of Staff for Personnel (C-1) on the headquarters staff of the American Expeditionary Forces. He was promoted to brigadier general in October 1918, and served until returning to the United States and receiving his discharge in May, 1919. Post-World War I
Following his World War I service, <mask> was appointed a brigadier general in the Organized Reserve Corps, and he served from 1921 until retiring in April, 1926. He continued to practice law and serve on corporate boards, and he remained active until retiring in 1943 and moving to Winter Park, Florida. He was president of the Association of Graduates of the United States Military Academy from 1928 to 1931 and served as a trustee of George Washington University and the Grant Memorial Association, and a director of the American

masks: Andrews Andrews Andrews Andrews Andrews


title: Avery D. Andrews

texts:
 Society of the French Legion of Honor.In 1934 he authored a biography, My Friend and Classmate, John J. Pershing. Awards and decorations
<mask>' awards included the Army Distinguished Service Medal, the French Legion of Honor (Commander), the Belgian Order of the Crown, and the Italian Order of the Crown. Death and legacy
<mask> died in Winter Park on April 19, 1959. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Family
On September 27, 1888, <mask> married Mary Campbell Schofield, the daughter of Lieutenant General John Schofield. They were the parents of sons Schofield (1889-1971) and <mask> <mask> (1894-1958), both of whom were veterans of World War I and prominent attorneys. References

Sources

Internet

Books

Magazines

1864 births
1959 deaths
People from Massena, New York
People from Winter Park, Florida
United States Military Academy alumni
George Washington University Law School alumni
New York Law School alumni
Lawyers from New York City
New York City Police Commissioners
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
Adjutants General of New York (state)
United States Army generals of World War I
United States Army generals
American biographers
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
Burials at Arlington National

masks: Andrews Andrews Andrews Delano Andrews


title: Louis Dollo

texts:
<mask> (Lille, 7 December 1857 – Brussels, 19 April 1931) was a Belgian palaeontologist, known for his work on dinosaurs. He also posited that evolution is not reversible, known as <mask>'s law. Together with the Austrian Othenio Abel, Dollo established the principles of paleobiology. Early life
<mask> was born in Lille, Nord-Pas-de-Calais, a scion of an old Breton family. He studied at the École centrale de Lille, with  geologist Jules Gosselet and  zoologist Alfred Giard, both of whom influenced the young Dollo. In 1877, he graduated with a degree in engineering. After his graduation, he worked in the mining industry for five years, but simultaneously developed a passion for paleontology.In 1879, he moved to Brussels. Iguanodon spp. For three years, starting in 1878, he supervised the excavation of the famous, multiple Iguanodon find at Bernissart, Belgium. He devoted himself to their study as a scientific passion, initially concurrently with his engineering career. In 1882 he became an assistant naturalist at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Dollo was given membership in the Société des sciences de Lille and the Geological Society of London. From 1882 to 1885, while he was head of the vertebrate fossil section of the Royal Institute, Dollo worked on reconstructing the skeletons of the iguanodons, as it was necessary to display them on their

masks:
Louis Antoine Marie Joseph Dollo
Dollo
Louis Dollo


title: Louis Dollo

texts:
 hind legs.The first one was assembled in the interior of an unused church that Dollo was using as a workshop. Twelve of those skeletons have been the principal attraction of the Museum of Natural Sciences at the Royal Institute. Dollo collaborated with his former professor Alfred Giard and the Université Lille Nord de France. Dollo's law
Around 1890, he formulated a hypothesis on the irreversible nature of evolution, known later as "<mask>'s law". According to his hypothesis, a structure or organ lost during the course of evolution would not reappear in that organism. This hypothesis was largely accepted until Michael F. Whiting's 2003 discovery that certain insects that had lost their wings regained them millions of years later. However, it was redeemed on the molecular level in 2009 as a result of a study on glucocorticoid receptors.Paleobiology
Dollo continued his work with fossils, in addition to studies of dinosaurs and their ecology. He was among the first to see fossil animals as part of an ecosystem. Because of that, he was instrumental in the development of paleobiology, and he kept up an extensive correspondence with Othenio Abel, another famous early paleobiologist. He taught paleontology at the Free University of Brussels, beginning in 1909, and in 1912 received the Murchison Medal. Recently, the stochastic <mask> model is being used to analyze

masks: Dollo Dollo


title: Louis Dollo

texts:
 matrix of cognates statistically. In linguistics, this model permits a newly coined cognate to arise only once on a tree language. Works

Animal classifications
 Hypsilophodontidae, 1882
 Boulengerina, 1886
 Cryptodira Eurysternidae, 1886
 Iguanodontia-Iguanodon bernissartensis, 1888
 Iguanodontia-Iguanodon mantelli, 1888
 Prognathodon, 1889
 Bathydraconidae Gerlachea australis, 1900
 Bathydraconidae Racovitzia glacialis, 1900
 Bathydraconidae, 1906
 Macrourinae Cynomacrurus, 1909
 Elapidae
 Dyrosauridae

Literature
 <mask> (1882), "Première note sur les dinosauriens de Bernissart".Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 1: 161–180. <mask> (1883), "Note sur les restes de dinosauriens rencontrés dans le Crétacé Supérieur de la Belgique". Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique 2: 205–221. <mask> (1891), "La vie au sein des mers : la faune marine et les grandes profondeurs, les grandes explorations sous marines, les conditions d'existence dans les abysses, la faune abyssale, in: Bibliothèque scientifique contemporaine. <mask> (1892), "Sur le "Lepidosteus suessoniensis", in: Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique. <mask> (1892), "Sur la morphologie des côtes", in: Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique. <mask> (1892), "Sur la morphologie de la colonne vertébrale", in: Bulletin scientifique de la

masks:
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo


title: Louis Dollo

texts:
 France et de la Belgique.<mask> (1899), "Première note sur les mosasauriens de Maestricht", Bulletine. Soc. belge Geol. Pal. Hydr., Vol.4. <mask> (1899), Alfred Giard, "Les ancêtres des Marsupiaux étaient-ils arboricoles ? ", Station Zoologique de Wimereux.<mask> (1903), "Les Ancêtres des mosasauriens", in: Bulletin scientifique de la France et de la Belgique. <mask> (1904), Expédition antarctique belge (1897–1899) ; résultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 – 1898 – 1899 sous le commandement de A. de Gerlache de Gomery; rapports scientifiques : Zoologie : Poissons. Antwerp: J.-E. Buschmann. <mask> (1905), "Les Dinosauriens adaptés à la vie quadrupède secondaire." Bulletine. Soc. belge Geol.Pal. Hydr., 19: 441–448. <mask> (1910), La Paléontologie éthologique. Translations by <mask>o
 John Tyndall, Les Microbes (1882)
 Rudolf Hörnes, Manuel de paléontologie (1886)
 Wilhelm Krause, Manuel d'anatomie humaine (1887–89)
Re-published works by <mask>o
 Stephen Jay Gould (1970), "Dollo on <mask>'s Law: Irreversibility and the Status of Evolutionary Laws", Journal of the History of Biology / 3, No.2:189–212. Stephen Jay Gould, ed. (1980), <mask>'s papers on paleontology and evolution, Original Anthology, New York, Arno Press, 1980
 David B. Weishampel and Nadine M. White, eds. (2003) The Dinosaur Papers, Washington: Smithsonian Institution Books.Edward Drinker Cope

masks:
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Doll
Louis Doll
Dollo
Louis Dollo


title: Louis Dollo

texts:
 (1886), "Schlosser on Creodonta and Phenacodus ; Dollo on extinct tortoises", Amer. Naturalist. 20. 965–968. Biographies of <mask>
 Othenio Abel, “<mask>. 7 Dezember 1857–19 April 1931. Ein Rückblick und Abschied”, in: Palaeobiologica, 4.321–344 (1931). Victor Émile van Straelen, <mask> : Notice biographique avec liste bibliographique''. Bruxelles (1933). N. N. Yakovlev, “Memoirs about <mask>,” Ezhegodn. Vsesoyuzn. Paleontol. O-va 10, 4–9 (1935).P. Brien, “Notice sur <mask>,” Ann. Acad. R. Belg. Not. Biograph. 1, 69–138 (1951). L. Sh.Davitashvili, “<mask>,” in Questions of the History of Sciences and Engineering, Vol. 3. pp. 103–108 (Moscow, 1957) [in Russian]. N. N. Yakovlev, Memoirs of a Geologist Paleontologist (Nauka, Moscow, 1965) [in Russian]. L. K. Gabunia, “Dollo <mask> Marie Joseph,” in Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York), Vol. 4, pp. 147–148 (1971)
 L. K. Gabunia, <mask> (1857–1931) (Nauka, Moscow, 1974) [in Russian].Yu. Ya. Soloviev, <mask>, Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2008, No. 6, pp. 103–107 [in Russian]. Yu. Ya.Soloviev, 150th Anniversary of the birth of <mask> (1857–1931), Paleontological Journal Volume 42, Issue 6, pp 681–684, October 2008. Notes

Belgian paleontologists
École centrale de Lille alumni
Lille University of Science and Technology alumni
1857 births
1931 deaths
Paleobiologists
Free University of Brussels (1834–1969)

masks:
Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Antone
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo
Louis Dollo


title: Bob Shoup

texts: Robert F<mask> (born February 24, 1932) is a retired American football coach and former player. He was the head coach at California Lutheran University from 1962 to 1989, compiling a career coaching record of 185–87–6. Shoup led Cal Lutheran to the NAIA Division II Football Championship in 1971. 186 of his players would later become coaches. He also helped to bring the Dallas Cowboys NFL team to the university. He was able to spend time around the team's players and coaches, including Tom Landry, and was able to pick up techniques for his team. Landry and Shoup also put together two major events each summer: a coaching clinic that drew as many as 500 people and a charity function known as the Christian Businessmen's Club Day.He was also the head coach for the college's golf program for ten years, 1976-1986. Shoup coached the California Lutheran College football team from 1962-1989 where he achieved 184 wins and a .662 winning percentage. Out of his 28 seasons at CLC, Shoup had only seven losing seasons overall. In those 28 seasons, the team made the playoffs in 1971, 1975, 1977, 1979, and 1982. In 1971 he led the football team to the NAIA Division II National Championship defeating Westminster College 30-14. That year he was named NAIA Coach of the Year. During his time at the college, Shoup collected fourteen NAIA District III titles and his team was listed in the top ten as having the most wins over the last fifty years.He has been named the founding father of the football program at California Lutheran. When he retired from Cal Lutheran in 1989, Shoup had 186 wins, the most among California college football coaches. Coach Shoup was inducted into the NAIA Hall of Fame in January 2009. He was voted NAIA District


title: Bob Shoup

texts:
 two years since they last won a game. Two years later, the team won the league title. Having built a winning team, Shoup set about the task of building a stadium for the high school. Shoup later explained: “The administration gave me the carte blanche to put together whatever I wanted,” and continued “that stadium had everything imaginable: nice locker rooms, training rooms, coaches’ offices, lights, press box, concession stands, you name it.And we sold it out every game.” The high school team only lost four games during the next three seasons. Shoup was also a coach of Torrance’s newly established tennis team. As Shoup was hired when North Torrance High School was a new school just starting to play football, Shoup, at age 24, helped build the football program from scratch. In 1957, Shoup was asked by the high school to move up to varsity. He accepted and soon won the first varsity game in the school’s history, against Redondo High School. The high school team hadn’t won more than two or three games in total over the preceding years, however, the team became league champions in Shoup’s first year. Within a few years, Shoup had built a championship team at North High.When Shoup was hired at California Lutheran College in 1962, he brought many former high school players with him. Cal Lutheran

In 1962, Shoup was informed by James Kallas, a former NFL player for the Chicago Bears, that the Regents at California Lutheran College had just approved a college football program. Kallas played a key role in helping to recruit Shoup as the college’s first football coach. Dr. Luther Schwich made the plans to form California Lutheran College's first football team in 1962 and selected <mask>p to begin the team. Shoup’s first


title: Bob Shoup

texts: assignment at CLC was to recruit and build a football team, develop a schedule, and secure new facilities. During the “Year of the Champions” in 1965, the team brought into fulfillment with an 8-1 record. The winning streak continued into 1966, nicknamed the “Year of the Victors”, with an 8-2 record.In 1967, the “Year of the Conquerors,” a 7-2 season, Gary Loyd emerged as the best punter in collegiate football and was named an NAIA All American in 1968. That same year CLC also appeared for the first time in the national rankings, coming in ninth. The following year, 1969, nicknamed “Year of the Warriors,” Robbie Robison set an NAIA record with seventeen field goals, which moved the team up to seventh place in the national ratings. From an 8-1-1 record in 1970, the team moved into their greatest season the following year, when the team captured the national championship beating both Westminster College and Montana Tech in the playoffs. A celebration was held at the Hollywood Palladium in conjunction with the Dallas Cowboys, an NFL team which trained at CLC, who won the Super Bowl in January 1972. After having won the championship, coach Shoup was named NAIA Coach of the Year and also Lutheran Coach of the Year. From the championship team, numerous players were drafted for professional football careers, including Brian Kelley who was drafted by the New York Giants and Sam Cvijanovich who played in the Canadian Football League.Another key player, Mike Sheppard, later became the head coach at California State University Long Beach. As of 1984, the CLU team was among the top small college teams in America, which makes Coach <mask> one of the winningest coaches in the country. In the early 1960s, Shoup was the


title: Bob Shoup

texts:
 college's football coach, took over the baseball program, was an instructor in physical education, became dean of men, and chaired the student discipline committee. He also worked in public relations, church relations, fundraising, and admissions. Following the death of Jack Siemens in 1969, Shoup also assumed the role of Athletic Director for the college. As the athletic director from 1969–1977, <mask> hired Major League Baseball player Ron Stillwell as the head baseball coach in 1972. His son Rick Shoup helped his father coach the football team for six years as a volunteer and one year as a paid assistant.Shoup was also a teacher in two courses at the university: body conditioning and recreational leadership. He was also the head coach for the golf team from 1976-1986. The 1982-83 season was one of the best seasons for Cal Lutheran's golf team. The college finished 17th in the national competition in Texas and during the next season, Shoup was able to send Greg Osbourne to compete in the national competition in Michigan, where he ultimately finished fourth. In 1984, Osbourne captured the NAIA District III individual championship, picked up All-America honors, and raised the bar for the program. After winning the 1971 national title, Shoup considered changing jobs and interviewed for jobs at Idaho State, Cal State Fullerton, Pacific Lutheran University, and Montana, but ultimately decided to remain at Cal Lutheran. Carlsbad High School
After his career at Cal Lutheran, he worked as an assistant at Carlsbad High School for head coach <mask>.Community work
Shoup was also instrumental in the construction of the Ascension Lutheran Church in Thousand Oaks, California and the Conejo Valley Recreation Department. He

masks:
Bob Shoup
Bob McAllister


title: Kristen Schaal

texts:
<mask> (; born January 24, 1978) is an American actress, comedian, and writer. She is best known for her voice roles as Louise Belcher on Bob's Burgers and  Mabel Pines on Gravity Falls, as well as for playing Mel on Flight of the Conchords, Hurshe Heartshe on The Heart, She Holler, and Carol Pilbasian on The Last Man on Earth. She provided several voices for BoJack Horseman, most notably for the character of Sarah Lynn, for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance. Other roles include Amanda Simmons on The Hotwives of Orlando, Hazel Wassername on 30 Rock, Victoria Best on WordGirl, Trixie in the Toy Story franchise, and Anne on Wilfred. She was an occasional commentator on The Daily Show from 2008 to 2016. She voiced Sayrna in the 2019 EA video game Anthem. Early life
<mask> was born in Longmont, Colorado, to a Lutheran family of Dutch ancestry.She was raised on her family's cattle ranch, in a rural area near Boulder, Colorado. Her father is a construction worker and her mother a secretary. Schaal attended Skyline High School where she graduated in 1996. She has a brother, David, who is three years her elder. She attended the University of Colorado in Boulder for a year and graduated from Northwestern University. She then moved to New York in 2000 to pursue a comedy career. In 2005, she had her first break when she was included in the New York article "The Ten Funniest New Yorkers You've Never Heard Of".Career

Live comedy
In 2006, Schaal performed at the 2006 HBO US Comedy Arts Festival in Aspen, where she won the award for "Best Alternative Comedian". She was also the winner of the second annual Andy Kaufman Award (hosted by the New York Comedy Festival), Best Female Stand-up at the 2006

masks:
Kristen Joy Schaal
Schaal


title: Kristen Schaal

texts:
 Nightlife Awards in New York City, and "Best Female Stand Up Comedian" at the 2007 ECNY Awards. At the 2008 Melbourne International Comedy Festival, she won the Barry Award for her show <mask> As You Have Probably Never Seen Her Before, tying with Nina Conti. Also in 2006, Schaal appeared on the first season of the Comedy Central show Live at Gotham. She co-hosts the weekly variety show Hot Tub in Los Angeles, which was voted "Best Variety Show of 2005" by Time-Out New York's readers poll. She also performs at the Peoples Improv Theater on the improv team, "Big Black Car", which was awarded best improv troupe of 2005 at the Emerging Comics of New York Awards. She is a founding member of the theatre company The Striking Viking Story Pirates, which adapts stories by children into sketches and songs.Schaal performed live at the Edinburgh Fringe 2007 in Scotland, where she was one of six acts (chosen from over two hundred American productions at the Fringe) requested to perform at the US Consul General-sponsored "Fringe USA" Showcase. On her return to the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in August 2008, Schaal was nominated for the If.comedy award for <mask> And Kurt Braunohler: Double Down Hearts. Schaal has also performed at the Royal Albert Hall, London, as part of The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008 in aid of Amnesty International, and at the Bonnaroo 2009 music festival. In 2010, Schaal appeared as a stand-up comic on John Oliver's New York Stand Up Show and at the Solid Sound Festival at the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art. Film, TV, and radio

Schaal appeared on HBO's Flight of the Conchords as the stalker-fan Mel, a role which earned her an EWwy nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series in 2009. She was also a credited consultant

masks:
Kristen Schaal
Kristen Schaal


title: Kristen Schaal

texts: Know. On April 3, 2009 she taped an episode of Comedy Central Presents. In 2010, she added her voice to the PBS Kids GO! series WordGirl as Victoria Best, a child prodigy whose parents taught her to be the best at everything that she does. Schaal voiced 12-year-old Mabel Pines on Disney Channel's hit TV series Gravity Falls. She currently voices the character Louise on the FOX Network series Bob's Burgers.She also stars in A. D. Miles' MyDamnChannel.com series Horrible People. In October 2008, Schaal appeared in an episode of Spicks and Specks. On June 10, 2009, Schaal broadcast her first radio show, High Five! !, on Sirius XM Radio's 'RawDog' channel with co-host Kurt Braunohler. She played Gertha Teeth in the 2009 movie The Vampire's Assistant. Schaal stars in her own web series, Penelope Princess of Pets, one episode of which doubled as the video for the New Pornographers' "Mutiny, I Promise You". She voiced Trixie the Triceratops in Toy Story 3 and Pumpkin Witch and Palace Witch in Shrek Forever After.She was also in the music video for Joey Ramone's "New York City." She also guest starred in the Modern Family episode "Fifteen Percent", as well as the music video for "Conversation 16" by The National. Schaal guest starred on the MC Frontalot album Solved. She was featured with Kurt Braunohler on the Radiolab episode "Loops". Schaal was in a commercial for the Xperia Play version of Minecraft. Schaal guest starred on The Simpsons May 8, 2011 episode "Homer Scissorhands" in which she plays Taffy, a love interest of Milhouse. She is incorrectly listed in the credits as "<mask>".This prompted Simpsons writers to issue her a unique apology on the next week's episode in which Bart's chalkboard joke in the intro to the show states "It's <mask>, not

masks:
Kristen Schall
Kristen Schaal


title: Kristen Schaal

texts: <mask>." Schaal also appeared in a music video for "Weird Al" Yankovic's 2014 song "Tacky", a parody of Pharrell Williams's "Happy". In 2013, Schaal guest starred in the two part episode "Sea Tunt" of Archer, lending her voice to a character named Tiffy. In 2014, Schaal co-starred alongside Casey Wilson, Danielle Schneider, Tymberlee Hill, Andrea Savage, and Angela Kinsey in the first season of the Hulu original series The Hotwives of Orlando. She co-starred alongside Will Forte in the FOX comedy The Last Man on Earth, which premiered on March 1, 2015. Schaal also voices the character Sarah Lynn in the Netflix original animated series BoJack Horseman. In 2017, she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance for her performance as Sarah Lynn.Schaal appeared in A Walk in the Woods (2015) as hiker Mary Ellen. In 2016, Schaal was a panelist on episode 1 of the British comedy show The Big Fat Quiz of Everything, a spinoff of The Big Fat Quiz of the Year. In 2017, Schaal was on Episode 49 of Good One: A Podcast About Jokes called  Schaal voices Molly in the Snap Originals series Death Hacks, co-starring with Thomas Middleditch. In 2020, she played the daughter of George Carlin's character in the sequel Bill & Ted Face the Music and guested on the first episode of Netflix's Aunty Donna's Big Ol' House of Fun. Schaal was featured in the episode "The Plantars Check In" in the animated series Amphibia in which she voiced Bella the Bellhop. Schaal appeared as a guest star in Scooby-Doo and Guess Who? on the episode "The Horrible Haunted Hospital of Dr. Phineas Phrag!".Schaal was featured on the episode "Dead Mall" in the animated series Bless the Harts where she voiced Stacey. Schaal was made a cameo appearance on


title: Manuel Carvalheiro

texts:
<mask> (Lisbon, 30 December 1950 – Lisbon, 21 April 2019) was a Portuguese filmmaker, documentary filmmaker, screenwriter, independent film producer, essayist, columnist and film critic. He was the first Portuguese film theorist. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Lisbon, on 30 December 1950, during the Portuguese Dictatorship. He was the only child of Maria de Lourdes da Silva Ferreira, a paediatrician, and <mask>, an economics graduate, mathematician, and a member of the Portuguese Communist Party, at a time when Communism was perceived as the best political system available, and the only defence against fascism. The family was originally from Figueira da Foz and republican. His paternal grandfather, a bookshop owner, and his paternal aunt and uncle, both lawyers in Coimbra, were all political prisoners. His parents married on 1 January 1949 and were part of the Communist-led resistance against the fascist regime in Portugal.Their home in Lisbon was used as a safe house for the secret meetings of prominent Communist party leaders, but following a string of political arrests, the family moved to colonial Angola initially settling in Silva Porto before moving to Luanda. His father was the headmaster of Luanda's Industrial and Commercial School, the co-founder of the Cine-club de Luanda, an important film society, and a member of the executive board of the "Angola Cultural Society". <mask>'s parents, although prominent members of Portuguese colonial society, moved in Luanda's cultural and literary circle encouraging the work of native writers and poets and supporting Angolan cultural identity and independence movements at the highest level. Consequently, <mask> grew up in a politically charged and cultural

masks:
Manuel Carvalheiro
Carvalheiro
Manuel Teixeira Dias Carvalheiro
Carvalheiro
Carvalheiro


title: Manuel Carvalheiro

texts:
 environment where he enjoyed more freedom than in mainland Portugal. <mask>, who held a lifelong passion for photography, was first given a camera aged eight during a trip with his father to Belgian Congo and French Congo, taking both aerial and Congo River crossing photographs. As a teen, he spent a school year in Figueira da Foz, Portugal, and grew closer to his paternal uncle, an amateur photographer and cinephile who would later co-found the Figueira da Foz International Film Festival. Carvalheiro travelled to most European capitals with his parents and went to the 1967 Venice Film Festival.Career
While at university, in Angola, he became a film critic for the Luanda University Cinema Circle and for a major colonial newspaper. Aged nineteen and at the peak of the Portuguese Colonial War, he dropped out of the second year of a chemical engineering degree in order to study cinema in Paris, France, with Jean Rouch, at the Laboratoire Audio-visuel of the Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes from which he graduated. At twenty-two, he was in charge of the Cinema Semiology Seminar at the Sorbonne Nouvelle University and the co-founder of the Bento Caraça Cineclub, a film society, headquartered in the Maison du Portugal, at the Paris Cité Internationale Universitaire. That same year, he became a correspondent for the international film festivals in Berlin, Grenoble, Venice, Karlovy Vary and Cannes where he met some of the major Portuguese Novo Cinema actors and filmmakers. <mask> and Brazilian filmmaker Glauber Rocha met in 1972 at the Berlin Film Festival, becoming lifelong friends. Glauber Rocha became his mentor and they worked together in France, Portugal and Germany. With news of the Carnation Revolution, <mask> left

masks: Carvalheiro Carvalheiro Carvalheiro


title: Manuel Carvalheiro

texts: Paris and drove to Lisbon where he arrived four days later to welcome his close friend Glauber Rocha.Carvalheiro took part in the historic May 1 parade immortalised in the collective film The People in Arms, co-directed by Glauber Rocha. They worked on Free Lisbon, their unfinished film, shot in the days that followed the Carnation revolution. In 1976, Carvalheiro defended his thesis Reflections on Eisensteinian Theory in Cinema at the École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) under the guidance of film theorist Christian Metz. The same year, the Portuguese Consulate in Paris hired him to teach Portuguese to the children of Portuguese emigrants living in Champigny-sur-Marne, a well-known slum on the outskirts of Paris. In 1979, he was one of the signatories of the Manifesto of the Newest Filmmakers, at the 8th edition of the Figueira Film Art. In 1981, Carvalheiro directed his short film ABC, in Paris, Glauber Rocha's only interview of the kind. Later, he helped Rocha settle in Sintra with his wife and children, working together on Napoleon's Empire, a script that never materialised, as Glauber Rocha died shortly after.The following year, ABC was officially selected by the Huelva International Film Festival, and the CICAE Award winner at the Hyères International Festival du jeune cinéma. In 1982, his short film Salazar's Loves was officially selected by the Berlin International Film Festival. In 1985, his Doctorate thesis on Le cinéma intellectuel: Mutations de la théorie Eisensteinienne, guided by Christian Metz, was granted a Mention Très Bien from the École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) and gave rise to a book published in Portugal, in 1989. <mask> was an essayist, a columnist, a film


title: Manuel Carvalheiro

texts:
 critic, a member of the Portuguese Writers Association and the first Portuguese film theorist. His articles were published in the Cahiers du Cinéma, in Positif, and several prominent Portuguese literary magazines and newspapers (Seara Nova, Vértice, Jornal de Letras, Diário de Notícias, Público, A Capital, Diário de Lisboa, Diário Popular, O Primeiro de Janeiro, O Século and República). He represented Portugal with his short films and documentaries at international film festivals and was a permanent feature at the Festroia International Film Festival (1985-2014). Both controversial and irreverent, he was subsequently marginalised by the Portuguese Film Institute, and although he submitted many films projects and applied for subsidies none were ever approved or granted.He founded his own film production company Filmes Século XXI in order to make his own independent films and went through many hardships due to a lack of subsidies. This, in turn, led to a negative impact on Carvalheiro's health and on his family and social relations. At the end of the 1990s, he competed in international film festivals with several documentaries, including Recollections of the Equestrian Competitions at the Olympics (1998), which won the Ficts Fest Choice of the Public Award, in 1998. His Italian author friend Marco Ferrari based his book Alla rivoluzione sulla due cavalli on <mask>’s road trip to Lisbon in the aftermath of the Carnation Revolution. It was later turned into a film that won the Golden Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival, in 2001. He died of sepsis and was buried on 25 April 2019, at the Prazeres Cemetery in Lisbon, a resting place for many famous Portuguese personalities. Filmography

 1972 — Glauber Rocha


title: Manuel Carvalheiro

texts:
 (co-directed with <mask>)
 1974 — Free Lisbon (co-directed with Glauber Rocha, unfinished)
 1976 — The Diary of a Contaminated (short film)
 1979 — Experiences (short film)
 1980 — Feminine Monologues (short film)
 1981 — ABC (short film)
 1981 — English without Master (short film)
 1982 — Salazar's Loves (short film)
 1982 — Around Washington Square (short film)
 1982 — The Illiterate (short film)
 1984 — Terrestrial Paradise - Karl Marx (short film)
 1984 — Yoknapatawpha (short film)
 1985 — Enquiry (short film)

Slideshow

 1987 — Dominguez Alvarez's Aspects of Galicia

Videos

 1989 — Campestral Fusion
 1994 — Voyage to the Tore Triangle
 1996 — Centenary Day of Portuguese Oceanography
 1997 — UNESCO and Expo 98 in the International Year of the Oceans
 1997 — The 11th of April: Delivery of an Oceanographic Vessel
 1998 — Recollections of the Equestrian Competitions at the Olympics
 no date — A certain Collection: The José-Augusto França Exhibition

Bibliography
As Mutações do Cinema / No Tempo do Vídeo, published in Portugal in 1989.Awards and nominations
CICAE Award, 1982

Ficts Fest, Choice of the Public Award, 1998

References

External links
 http://www.cinept.ubi.pt/pt/pessoa/2143690641/Manuel+Carvalheiro

 https://www.publico.pt/2019/04/23/culturaipsilon/noticia/morreu-manuel-car
 http://cicae.org
 Berlinale
 https://alumni-ehess.fr/addressbook/fullsearch/index

1950 births
2019 deaths
Portuguese film directors
People from Lisbon
Portuguese anti-fascists
Portuguese expatriates in France
School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences alumni
École pratique des hautes études alumni
Film theorists
Semioticians
Portuguese atheists
Portuguese film critics
Portuguese screenwriters
Columnists
Portuguese


title: John Saffin

texts:
<mask> (baptised 22 November 1626 – 29 July 1710) was a colonial New England merchant, politician, judge, and poet. He is best known for his A Brief and Candid Answer to Samuel Sewall's The Selling of Joseph, and for a small collection of poetry, most of which was not published until the 20th century. Literary historian Harrison Meserole ranks <mask> as "seventh or eighth" among colonial-era poets. Early life
There has been much historical confusion about <mask>'s date and place of birth, and of the date of his migration to New England. Many early histories, often accepted by later writers, have placed his birth and family origin as Somerset, England, while others have claimed Exeter in Devon as his birthplace. Dates of birth in the early 1630s were commonly cited, and numerous dates have been ascribed to his arrival in the New World. In 1967 genealogical historian Alyce Sands wrote that <mask> himself claimed in 1658 to the son of <mask> of Exeter, and found in Exeter a baptismal record for <mask> dated 22 November 1626.Exeter records also show that his father Simon died in January 1633/4. When exactly, and with whom (for he was not accompanied by his mother), the boy came to North America is unclear; he may have been a ward of Plymouth Colony leader Edward Winslow (who travelled frequently between Plymouth and England), or he may have travelled with relatives of his mother, Grace (Garrett) <mask>. Garretts settled in the Rehoboth area, to which <mask> moved later in life. Upon his arrival <mask> is known to have eventually settled in Scituate, in the northeastern part of Plymouth Colony. There he would have been educated by Charles Chauncy, the future President of Harvard. In 1654 he moved to Virginia,

masks:
John Saffin
Saffin
John Saffin
Saffin
Simon Saffin
John Saffin
Saffin
Saffin
Saffin


title: John Saffin

texts:
 where he spent three years, establishing a merchant trade and eventually acquiring some property. In 1658 <mask> married Marie Willett, daughter of Thomas Willett (a leading Plymouth land owner and developer), in Boston.He made a second trip to Virginia in 1659. By 1660 the couple had settled Boston; before her death by smallpox in 1678 they had eight children, all of whom died young. The loss of these children prompted the writing of some of his elegies, which are among his better known poetic works. <mask> and Willett went on to become frequent business partners. Not long after Marie's death, <mask> married Elizabeth Lidgett, widow of a Boston merchant. She was frequently bed-ridden with illness, and after her death he married Rebecca Lee in 1687; she was the daughter of the Anglican minister Samuel Lee who had arrived in Boston to establish the Church of England. The last relationship was apparently troubled by religious or personal differences with his in-laws, and the couple was separated for many years.Business
The trade <mask> engaged in was fairly typical: lumber and fish from New England were shipped to Virginia, and tobacco and hides were sent north. He is known to have been part owner of a ship involved in the direct shipment (and illegal smuggling) of slaves from Africa directly to Massachusetts, and was active in the direct shipment of African slaves to Virginia. His merchant activities made him one of the wealthiest men in Massachusetts. Although he is not known to have owned slaves for personal use, he did have indentured servants in his house. King Philip's War, fought in the late 1670s, resulted in the conquering of Indian territories on the eastern shore of Narragansett Bay. In 1680 the

masks: Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin


title: John Saffin

texts:
 area around Mount Hope was awarded to the Plymouth Colony, which promptly sold it to a consortium of Plymouth men, including <mask>, the Indian fighter Benjamin Church. This tract became what is now Swansea, Massachusetts, Bristol, Rhode Island, and all or part of other nearby communities.<mask> was also a significant investor in the Atherton Trading Company (named after Humphrey Atherton), whose partners included many of the leading merchants and politicians of both Massachusetts and Plymouth. The company invested principally in lands now in southern Rhode Island, but had interests all over southern New England. <mask> was active in promoting development of these lands, promoting and signing an agreement in 1686 for the establishment of Kingston, Rhode Island by Huguenot refugees. The area was the subject of jurisdictional disputes between Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, and <mask>, who had a reputation for his litigious tendencies, was involved in court actions central to the dispute. In 1679 a Rhode Island court convicted him of attempting to uphold a foreign jurisdiction (in this case, that of Connecticut) over the disputed land. Rhode Island confiscated his titles, and he spent some time in prison. <mask> received revenge when in 1687 Joseph Dudley, also an Atherton Trading Company principal and then president of the Dominion of New England, restored his claim.Judicial and political career
In Boston <mask> served for several years in the colonial assembly of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He served as the speaker of that colony's assembly in 1684, the year in which the colonial charter was revoked. With the arrival of Joseph Dudley in 1686 and the establishment of the Dominion of New

masks: Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin


title: John Saffin

texts:
 England, <mask> moved to Bristol (then part of the Plymouth Colony, now part of Rhode Island) in 1687. Following the Glorious Revolution in England in 1688, there was a revolt against the Dominion rule of Andros; <mask> sided with the rebels, and sat on the Plymouth Colony councils during the interregnum years from 1689 to 1692. This stance is likely responsible for a political estrangement between him and Dudley, who was among those imprisoned and sent to England. In 1692, when the Province of Massachusetts Bay was chartered, <mask> was made a judge of the court of common pleas for Bristol County. He served on the governor's councils of the province from 1693 to 1702.The case of Adam

<mask> was well known for his pugnacious style, because of which he often ended up in court as a litigant. The most notorious of these disputes involved a black indentured servant named Adam that <mask> had hired out on a seven-year contract in 1694. When the term was coming to an end in 1701 it became clear that <mask>, who like many of the time held racist views, was not going to honour its terms, and maintain Adam in servitude. The issue prompted Samuel Sewall to write The Selling of Joseph in 1700, a pamphlet that argued generally against slavery. In addition to rejoinders to Sewall in verse, he published A Brief and Candid Answer, in which he sought to answer Sewall's charges and also catalogued his grievances against Adam. Events, however, soon became litigious, because Adam escaped from the farm on which he was working in March 1701. Sewall and <mask> had a confrontation at Sewall's house, in which an agreement was made between them that a case for <mask>'s claim to possession of Adam would be heard in Bristol

masks: Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin


title: John Saffin

texts:
 County.On 1 August 1701, <mask> convinced the governor's council to appoint him to the Superior Court of Judicature, the province's highest court, in the wake of the passing of Chief Justice and Acting Governor William Stoughton. The standard process for hearing cases at that time was that one or more of the superior court justices would ride circuit to hear cases in conjunction with lower court judges. <mask> consequently was on the bench in Bristol County when Adam's case came up. He furthermore may have tampered with the jury; it is alleged that he bribed the foreman to put one of his tenants on the panel. The court heard evidence claiming that Adam had failed to "chearfully quietly and industriously" fulfil the terms of the indenture, and he was found guilty. The verdict was appealed at the instigation of Sewall, and Adam also filed a countersuit against <mask> for his freedom. <mask>'s case was eventually stayed until Adam's was heard in 1703.In the meantime, Joseph Dudley, newly appointed governor, refused to reappoint <mask> to the high court in 1702, noting others "might have served the Queen better than they did". He also vetoed <mask>'s appointment to the governor's council after <mask> used his position on that seat to renew his petition for custody of Adam. The full superior court heard the case November 1703, and ruled decisively in favour of Adam's freedom. <mask> died at Bristol on 29 July 1710, and was buried in Boston. Bibliography

  First publication of <mask>'s poetry. Notes

References

Washburn, Emory. Sketches of the Judicial History of Massachusetts from 1630

1626 births
1710 deaths
People from Exeter
Justices of the Massachusetts Superior Court of Judicature
People of colonial

masks: Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin Saffin


title: Jon Pertwee

texts:
<mask> (; 7 July 1919 – 20 May 1996), known professionally as <mask>, was an English actor, comedian, entertainer, cabaret performer and TV presenter. Born into a theatrical family, he served in the Royal Navy and the Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War. In his early career he worked as a  stage comedian, which included performing at the Glasgow Empire Theatre and sharing a bill with Max Wall and Jimmy James. As an actor Pertwee appeared in many comedy roles, including four films in the Carry On series, and he became widely known for spending 18 years (1959–1977) playing Chief Petty Officer Pertwee (and three other roles) in the popular sitcom The Navy Lark on BBC Radio. On television, Pertwee starred as the Third Doctor in the science fiction series Doctor Who (1970–1974), hosted the game show Whodunnit? (1974–1978), and played the title character in Worzel Gummidge (1979–1981 and 1987–1989). Towards the end of his life he maintained a close association with Doctor Who by appearing at many fan conventions related to the series and giving interviews.He also performed a one-man show called Who Is <mask>twee?. Biography

Early life and education
Born in Chelsea, London, and having French Huguenot ancestry (his surname was an Anglicisation of "Perthuis"; the origins of his surname being "de Perthuis de Laillevault", the family being Counts descended from Charlemagne), <mask> was the son of screenwriter and actor Roland Pertwee and distant cousin of actor Bill Pertwee. Pertwee's mother, Avice Scholtz, separated from his father Roland when Pertwee was young. His

masks:
John Devon Roland Pertwee
Jon Pertwee
Jon Per
Jon


title: Jon Pertwee

texts: Fleming, and reporting directly to Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Deputy Prime Minister Clement Attlee. In an interview conducted in 1994 and published in 2013, he said, "I did all sorts. Teaching commandos how to use escapology equipment, compasses in brass buttons, secret maps in white cotton handkerchiefs, pipes you could smoke that also fired a .22 bullet. All sorts of incredible things." During his time in the Navy, Pertwee woke up one morning after a drunken night out while in port to find a tattoo of a cobra on his right arm. After the war, he began to work as a comedy actor on radio in Waterlogged Spa, alongside Eric Barker, and Puffney Post Office in which he played a hapless old postman with the catch-phrase "It doesn't matter what you do, as long as you tears them up." On 15 November 1948, at the Wood Green Empire, he was billed as "The Most Versatile Voice in Radio – <mask> ('Tear 'em Up') Pertwee from the Radio Shows Merry-go-Round and Up the Pole".From 1959 to 1977, he performed the  role of the conniving Chief Petty Officer Pertwee in The Navy Lark on BBC Radio. The fictional ship in the series HMS Troutbridge almost shared its name with the real HMS Troubridge whose commanding officer was a relative of Pertwee's who wrote to the BBC to provide details of comic incidents on the ship which were then used in  The Navy Lark's scripts. After Ronnie Barker left the series Pertwee took on various additional roles in the series. These included a villainous character called the Master, whose voice Pertwee said was an impression of Herbert Beerbohm Tree. Pertwee did


title: Jon Pertwee

texts:
 Soup. His television career had started off with small parts in children's shows featuring Richard Hearne's Mr Pastry character. Later he made an appearance in The Avengers episode "From Venus With Love" (1967) as Brigadier Whitehead, and later, he guest-starred as a vicar in The Goodies' episode "Wacky Wales" (1975). Doctor Who

In 1969, shortly before leaving the series, producer Peter Bryant cast Pertwee as the Third Doctor in Doctor Who. Pertwee had asked his agent to apply for the role for him and was surprised to find he was already on the shortlist.He was the second choice for the role; Ron Moody was the first but was unavailable. In a departure from the Doctor's first two incarnations, Pertwee's era was influenced by the James Bond film series. He played the character as an active crusader with a penchant for action and fancy clothes, while the character was exiled to Earth by the Time Lords for much of his tenure and serving as the scientific adviser to Brigadier Lethbridge-Stewart and UNIT. He played the Doctor for five seasons from early 1970 to mid-1974, a longer stint than either of his predecessors in the role, although he ultimately appeared in fewer episodes than William Hartnell as the BBC had reduced the production schedule. Pertwee credited his performance as the Doctor with helping him work out exactly who he really was when he was not resorting to comedic disguises or voices: a dapper, technologically oriented man of action. This was because the BBC's Head of Drama, Shaun Sutton, had advised him to act the Doctor as himself: in effect, to "play <mask>". On


title: Jon Pertwee

texts:
 along with a new production team. Pertwee would continue to act in films and television as well as make appearances worldwide in support of Doctor Who. Ultimately, Pertwee was successful in seeing the Third Doctor return to the airwaves with two audio productions for BBC Radio, The Paradise of Death and The Ghosts of N-Space. In April 1995, he appeared in Devious, an amateur video drama set between the second Doctor's trial at the end of The War Games and before the start of Spearhead from Space. It shows an interim Doctor (between second and third), played by Tony Garner, being told he was "never meant to be the Doctor" and that the third will complete him.Pertwee's scenes in that role were among the first pieces of the video that were released (on the DVD of The War Games). In the same year, he starred in a one-man show called Who Is <mask>?. Pertwee's final film role was in a short film entitled Cloud Cuckoo for Scottish Screen, released on 18 June 1994. His last formal television appearance was on Cilla's Surprise, Surprise, broadcast on 21 April 1996 where he appeared as the Third Doctor. At the date of his death, Pertwee was regularly being seen in the closing moments of a UK TV commercial for mobile phone operator Vodafone: dressed in the style of his version of the Doctor. This character walked wordlessly across an alleyway in sight of a Liverpool landmark, and entered a garage evidently containing some kind of time machine. Personal life
Pertwee married twice.His first marriage was in 1955, to Jean Marsh, whom he divorced in 1960; later that same year he married


title: Jon Pertwee

texts:
 Ingeborg Rhoesa (born 1935). Together they had two children, both of whom became actors: a daughter, Dariel, in 1961, and a son, Sean, in 1964. Pertwee wrote two autobiographies: Moon Boots and Dinner Suits (published in 1984), which primarily covers his life and career prior to Doctor Who, and the posthumously published Doctor Who: I Am the Doctor – <mask>’s Final Memoir, (, published in November 1996 by Virgin Publishing Ltd. under the Doctor Who Books imprint and co-written with David J. Howe), which covered his life during and after the series. In 2000, <mask>wee: The Biography by Bernard Bale () was published by André Deutsch, and included a few chapters by Pertwee's widow Ingeborg. Death and legacy
Pertwee continued on the Doctor Who convention circuit, and with his voice and television acting, until his death; he died in his sleep from a heart attack in Connecticut on 20 May 1996, at the age of 76. He was survived by his wife Ingeborg Rhoesa, and two children, Sean Pertwee and Dariel Pertwee. His immediate successor in the starring role of Doctor Who, Tom Baker, paid tribute, saying: "I am very sorry to hear the news.I was a great admirer of such a stylish actor." Another of his successors in the role, Colin Baker, said: "He was a man of such presence and stature. I can't believe he has gone – it is a great shock. Of all of the interpretations of the Doctors his was the most straight in terms of avoiding comedy." His body was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium with a toy Worzel Gummidge affixed to the coffin, following the instructions in his will. His death came six

masks:
Jon Pertwee
Jon Pert


title: Jon Pertwee

texts:
 days after the American broadcast of the Doctor Who television film, which used in its opening credits a logo based on that from his era of the television series. The BBC broadcast of the film, on 27 May 1996, featured a dedication to Pertwee at its end.Legacy
His last association with Doctor Who was posthumous. With the approval of his widow, Ingeborg, his voice was used as part of the plot of the Big Finish Productions' 40th Anniversary audio drama, Zagreus, appearing as messages from the Doctor's TARDIS as it attempted to help the currently corrupted Eighth Doctor (voiced by Paul McGann). Pertwee's voice was culled from the fan-produced Doctor Who film Devious. Archival footage of Pertwee has been used several times in the revived Doctor Who. Footage appears in "The Next Doctor" when the Tenth Doctor shows Jackson Lake an infostamp about himself, and in "The Eleventh Hour" when the Eleventh Doctor rhetorically asks the Atraxi how previous alien invasion attempts were stopped. Footage of Pertwee was used in "The Name of the Doctor" to depict his Doctor interacting with a version of Clara Oswald, and in "The Day of the Doctor" to depict the Third Doctor assisting his other incarnations in sending Gallifrey to a pocket universe to protect it from the Daleks. In 2016, his work was honoured with a blue plaque at the New Wimbledon Theatre, which was arranged by the Doctor Who Appreciation Society.Discography

In 1962, Pertwee released an album entitled "<mask>wee Sings Songs For Vulgar Boatmen". In 1966, Pertwee contributed to the children's album Children's Favourites (Music for


title: Jon Pertwee

texts:
 Pleasure, MDP 1175). Songs sung by him include "The Runaway Train", "Froggy Went A-Courtin'", "My Grandfather's Clock", "Three Little Fishes" and "I Know An Old Lady". The recordings were produced by Norman Newell, with a synopsis written on the back by Roger St. Pierre. On the front cover is the picture of a glove puppet by Carol Patmore & Rima Reed. At least one of the songs, "The Runaway Train" (b/w "The Ugly Duckling"), was released as a single on Music for Pleasure (catalogue FP 10). In 1972 he recorded with June Whitfield, "Wonderful Children's Songs" on the Contour label (catalogue 2870191)
In 1972, Pertwee performed a vocal narration over the Doctor Who theme music entitled "Who is the Doctor", on Purple Records.In 1976 he starred in the EMI original cast recording (EMC 3139) of the West End musical Irene, in which he had enjoyed a long run, playing 'Madame Lucy' at the Adelphi Theatre, London. In 1976 he recorded a promotional flexi-disc for Heinz called "The Noodle Doodle Man", a song that accompanied a television commercial to which Pertwee contributed the vocal performance. In 1980 he released "Worzel's Song", from the album Worzel Gummidge Sings. The single reached No.33 on the UK charts in March. A second single was released in 1987 when the series was revived, but this met with less success. Also released in 1984 was a single entitled '<mask>twee and Friends Sing the Beatles' which comprised "Yesterday", featuring a semi-spoken-word performance, and "When I'm 64", in the guise of Worzel Gummidge. This record was intended to aid the Liverpool Children's Hospital.In


title: Jon Pertwee

texts:
 1993 an audio release of the radio play The Paradise of Death reached No.48 in the album charts. In 1984 he featured in the computer game audio tape of Deus Ex Machina by Automata UK, released for the Sinclair ZX Spectrum in 1984,  and later on the MSX and Commodore 64. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Bibliography

As author

As contributor

References

External links

 <mask> Biography – British Film Institute

 Action Who – <mask> article at Kasterborous.com
 <mask>'s career including The Navy Lark at http://www.kastria.net

1919 births
1996 deaths
20th-century British comedians
20th-century English male actors
Admiralty personnel of World War II
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Audiobook narrators
British male comedy actors
Burials at Putney Vale Cemetery
Children's Hour presenters
English game show hosts
English male comedians
English male film actors
English male radio actors
English male television actors
English male video game actors
English male voice actors
Military personnel from London
English people of French descent
Male actors from London
People educated at Frensham Heights School
People educated at Sherborne School
People from Chelsea, London
Jon
Royal Navy officers of World War

masks:
Jon Pertwee
Jon Pertwee
Jon Pertwee


title: Liz Whitney Tippett

texts:
<mask> (born Mary Elizabeth Altemus) (June 18, 1906 – October 30, 1988) was a wealthy American socialite and philanthropist who was a champion horsewoman and for more than fifty years, a prominent owner/breeder of Thoroughbred racehorses. Early life
<mask> was born Mary Elizabeth Altemus in Wynnewood, Pennsylvania. She was the daughter of Elizabeth Dobson Altemus and Lemuel Coffin Altemus, a wealthy entrepreneur who made his success in the textile business. "<mask>", as she would become known throughout her life, developed a love of horses and equestrian competitions at an early age. A 1939 TIME magazine article describes her as "a spirited, devil-may-care rider who has been winning blue ribbons on the horseshow circuit for 15 years" and whose "riding technique became the very pattern for aspiring horsewomen." Thoroughbred horse racing
<mask> owned and raced Thoroughbred horses before she married. In 1930, her horse Capstone ran fifth in the inaugural running of the Wilson Stakes at Saratoga Race Course.After her marriage to Jock <mask> she remained active in Thoroughbred racing. She set up her own operations and made her Llangollen home a major breeding and training center, constructing a variety of equine fittings, including a famous horseshoe-shaped barn, stud barn and broodmare sheds, tack rooms, paddocks, and a training track on the property. In the 1930s, she owned a string of successful racehorses, winning the 1931 Adirondack Stakes with her filly Brocado and with Stepenfetchit, won the 1932 Latonia Derby and ran third in the Kentucky Derby. With her colt Singing Wood, <mask> won the 1933 Belmont Futurity Stakes, the 1934 Withers Stakes

masks: Mary Elizabeth Whitney Person Lunn Tippett


title: Liz Whitney Tippett

texts:
 and Queens County Handicap. In 1936, Singing Wood won the Toboggan Handicap at Belmont Park in Elmont and when her husband's business interest took the couple to Hollywood, the colt raced there and won the 1936 Santa Margarita Handicap. Following her divorce from Jock <mask>, TIME, in its March 1942 issue, reported that she planned to concentrate on racing and would sell all but one of her show horses. Nonetheless, she remained active in the sport for many years, racing horses in both flat racing and steeplechase events under the name of Llangollen Farm.She imported bloodstock from Europe for breeding purposes and over the years expanded operations to breed horses in Ocala, Florida and in Ireland. <mask> worked with notable trainers such as future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee Henry S. Clark who got his first stakes win with her colt, Blue Cypress. Other trainers of note who conditioned Llangollen Farm horses were James W. Healy, Stanley T. Greene, Frank H. Merrill Jr. and another future Hall of Fame trainer Charlie Whittingham who ran her California stable. In 1953, Whittingham trained his first Champion in the form of her two-year-old colt, Porterhouse. She bred Sherluck, winner of the 1961 Belmont Stakes. Saratoga, New York
She purchased a farm property on Fitch Road in the town of Saratoga, New York.The house, built in the 1770s, was used as her residence during the racing season at nearby Saratoga Race Course where many of America's horse racing elite gathered each summer. Sold in 1971, the property today is owned by McMahon of Saratoga Thoroughbreds, LLC. Her stable colors of purple and pink on farm structures in time have given way

masks: Whitney Whitney


title: Liz Whitney Tippett

texts:
 to the more modest colors for McMahon of green and white. Personal life
Through her social standing and involvement with horses, <mask> met and married John Hay "Jock" <mask> (1904–1982), a member of the extremely wealthy <mask> family of New York. Jock <mask>'s grandfather, father and uncle were all heavily involved in Thoroughbred horse racing. They divorced in June 1940, and <mask> retained the Virginia estate. In June 1948, she married for a second time to Dr. Edward Cooper Person Jr., a surgery professor, in Upperville.At the wedding, her matron of honor was Lillian Bostwick Phipps, the wife of Ogden Phipps, and her husband's best man was Dr. William Harding Jackson, the president of New York Hospital. He died in 1952. In November 1954, she married for the third time, to Richard Lunn (d. 1962), a forty-year-old public-relations man and step-son of U.S. Senator Wallace H. White, in Washington, D.C. They divorced five years later, and he died shortly thereafter in 1962. Her fourth, and final marriage, took place in 1960, and was to Col. Cloyce <mask> (1913–1993), who headed the Lima, Peru, office of the International Civil Aviation Organization. This marriage, her longest, lasted until her death in 1988.Tippett died of cancer in 1988 at Llangollen Farm. In 2004, she was inducted posthumously in the Virginia Thoroughbred Association Hall of Fame. Llangollen estate
For their 1930 marriage, Jock <mask> bought his bride Llangollen estate, a large and historic property off Trappe Road west of Upperville, Virginia at the foot of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Eight miles from the village of Middleburg, the area had long been home to many horse farms

masks:
Liz Altemus
Whitney
Whitney
Whitney
Liz
Joseph Tippett
Whitney


title: Liz Whitney Tippett

texts:
 and since the mid-19th century, a center for equestrian events. By the early part of the 20th century Thoroughbred breeding operations were gaining importance and in 1930, <mask> would be one of the first of a number of prominent personalities in Thoroughbred horse racing who would develop substantial and important breeding operations. Others who came to the area include heiress Isabel Dodge Sloane, who built the highly successful Brookmeade Stud, the prestigious Rokeby Farm of Paul Mellon, Jack Kent Cooke's Kent Farms, and the Newstead Farm of Diana M. Firestone and her husband Bertram. Since the early 1960s, for two days each year more than ten horse farms and centers in Upperville and Middleburg open their gates to visitors.A prominent part of the hunt set, <mask> was a member of the Upperville Colt and Horse Show for many years and has a place on the organizations Wall of Honor. At her Llangollen estate, <mask> entertained celebrities and politicians as well as personalities involved in the racing world such as Bing Crosby, Eddie Arcaro and Prince Aly Khan. Always a free spirit, in a 2001 book titled The Middleburg Mystique, author Vicky Moon recounted how <mask> hosted wild hunt balls and of the time when she brought her favorite horse into the mansion's great room. Moon's book also says that she kept thirty-five dogs with the most beloved ones stored in her deep freezer after they died. Racehorses owned
Some other successful racehorses owned by <mask> Tippett included:
 Corn Husker - won L. E. Stoddard Jr. Steeplechase in 1956 and in 1957 flat racing won the San Gabriel and San Juan Capistrano Handicap and the prestigious Santa Anita

masks:
Liz Whitney
Liz Whitney
Liz Whitney
Whitney
Liz Whitney


title: Liz Whitney Tippett

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 Handicap. Divine Comedy - won the 1960 Saranac Handicap, Roamer Handicap and 1961 Saratoga Handicap. Lord Derby - won 1972 San Luis Obispo Handicap.Mister Gus - won 1955 William P. Kyne Handicap; 1956 San Antonio Handicap, Arlington Handicap and Woodward Stakes. Nashville - won 1957 Lakes and Flowers Handicap and Palos Verdes Handicap. Porterhouse - 1953 Champion 2-year-old colt. Won the Belmont Futurity Stakes, San Carlos Handicap (1955, 1956), Santa Barbara Handicap (1956), defeated Swaps in the 1956 Californian Stakes. Pretense - won numerous stakes races including the 1967 Santa Anita Handicap and Gulfstream Park Handicap and voted Champion Handicap Male in 1967. Tumble Wind - won 1966 Westchester Stakes, Haggin Stakes; 1967 San Vicente Stakes, Argonaut Stakes,       Hollywood Derby; 1968 San Gorgonio Handicap and San Luis Obispo Handicap. Restless Runner - won 1971 Baldwin Stakes and Marina del Rey Stakes.Restless Wind - won 1958 Prairie State Stakes, National Stakes, Washington Park Futurity, Arlington Futurity, Tremont Stakes and 1960 Tokyo City Cup. He was the leading Florida-based stallion during the mid-sixties. Royal Living - won 1959 San Juan Capistrano Handicap. Social Climber - won 1956 Cinema Handicap, San Felipe Stakes, El Dorado Handicap and 1957 Californian Stakes

In popular culture
In the 1979 film, The Champ, actress Joan Blondell based her character Dolly Kenyon, a "salty horse owner and society matron," on <mask>. References

1906 births
1988 deaths
American socialites
American racehorse owners and breeders
People from Upperville, Virginia
<mask> from Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania
20th-century American

masks:
Liz
Liz People


title: Earl Doherty

texts:
<mask><mask> (born 1941) is a Canadian author of The Jesus Puzzle (1999), Challenging the Verdict (2001), and Jesus: Neither God Nor Man (2009). <mask> argues for a version of the Christ myth theory, the thesis that Jesus did not exist as a historical figure. <mask> says that Paul thought of Jesus as a spiritual being executed in a spiritual realm. Education
<mask> has stated he has a bachelor's degree in Ancient History and Classical Languages, but no completed advanced degrees. His undergraduate studies gave him knowledge of Greek and Latin, to which he has added a basic knowledge of Hebrew and Syriac. Writings
<mask> was introduced to the idea of a mythical origin of Jesus by, among other things, the work of G. A. Wells, who has authored a number of books arguing a moderate form of the "Christ myth" theory.In 1999, <mask>'s book The Jesus Puzzle: Did Christianity Begin with a Mythical Christ? was published by Canadian Humanist Publications. He self-published a 2005 re-release of The Jesus Puzzle under his own imprint, Age of Reason Publications, along with two other books. Challenging the Verdict (2001) is a critique of The Case for Christ, a book of Christian apologetics by author Lee Strobel. Jesus: Neither God Nor Man - The Case for a Mythical Jesus (2009) is a revised and expanded version of The Jesus Puzzle. In 2012, <mask> published The End of an Illusion: How Bart Ehrman's "Did Jesus Exist?" Has Laid the Case for an Historical Jesus to Rest.<mask> asserts that Christianity began with a belief in a spiritual, mythical figure, that the Gospels are essentially allegory and fiction, and that no single identifiable person named Jesus lay at the

masks:
Earl J
. Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty


title: Earl Doherty

texts:
 root of the Galilean preaching tradition." <mask> argues in The Jesus Puzzle (2005) and Jesus: Neither God nor Man—The Case for a Mythical Jesus (2009) that Jesus originated as a myth derived from Middle Platonism with some influence from Jewish mysticism, and that belief in a historical Jesus emerged only among Christian communities in the 2nd century. According to <mask>, none of the major Christian apologists before 180 AD, except for Justin and Aristides of Athens, included an account of a historical Jesus in their defenses of Christianity. Instead <mask> suggests that the early Christian writers describe a Christian movement grounded in Platonic philosophy and Hellenistic Judaism, reaching the worship of a monotheistic Jewish god and what he calls a "logos-type Son". <mask> further argues that Theophilus of Antioch (c. 163–182), Athenagoras of Athens (c. 133–190), Tatian the Assyrian (c. 120–180), and Marcus Minucius Felix (writing around 150–270) offer no indication that they believed in a historical figure crucified and resurrected, and that the name Jesus does not appear in any of them. The Jesus Puzzle
<mask> has used the title "The Jesus Puzzle" for four different works. In Fall 1997, the Journal of Higher Criticism published his article, "The Jesus Puzzle: Pieces in a Puzzle of Christian Origins."Around the same time he created a website under the same title, in which he developed the material which he was later to publish in book form. His method was to publish a fairly crude first draft, and then omit material that proved untenable, while retaining the general direction of argument. The site continued to be used for additional commentary

masks: Doherty Doherty Doherty Doherty Doherty


title: Earl Doherty

texts: and responses to reviews and criticisms of his work. <mask>'s non-fiction book The Jesus Puzzle: Did Christianity Begin with a Mythical Christ? was published two years later. He also used the title for a novel which he provided for download on his website. In all four of these works, <mask> presents views on the origins of Christianity, specifically promoting the view that Jesus is a mythical figure rather than a historical person.<mask> argues that Paul and other writers of the earliest existing proto-Christian Gnostic documents did not believe in Jesus as a person who incarnated on Earth in a historical setting. Rather, they believed in Jesus as a heavenly being who suffered his sacrificial death in the lower spheres of heaven at the hands of the demon spirits, and was subsequently resurrected by God. This Christ myth was not based on a tradition reaching back to a historical Jesus, but on the Old Testament exegesis in the context of Jewish-Hellenistic religious syncretism heavily influenced by Middle Platonism, and what the authors believed to be mystical visions of a risen Jesus. <mask> says that the Jesus myth was given a historical setting only by the second generation of Christians, somewhere between the 1st and 2nd century. He further says that even the author of the Gospel of Mark probably did not consider his gospel to be a literal work of history, but an allegorical midrashic composition based on the Old Testament prophecies. In the widely supported two-source hypothesis, the story of Mark was later fused with a separate tradition of anonymous sayings embodied in the Q document into the other gospels. According to <mask>, the Q-authors may


title: Earl Doherty

texts:
 have regarded themselves as "spokespersons for the Wisdom of God," with Jesus being the embodiment of this Wisdom.In time, the gospel-narrative of this embodiment of Wisdom became interpreted as the literal history of the life of Jesus. <mask> denies any historical value of the Acts of the Apostles, and refers to works by John Knox, Joseph B. Tyson, J.C. O'Neill, Burton L. Mack and Richard Pervo in dating Acts into the 2nd century and regarding it as largely based on legend. In 2009, <mask> self-published a revised edition of his book, with a new title of Jesus: Neither God nor Man, expanded by incorporating the rebuttals to criticisms received since 1999 and accumulated on his website. Reception
Among authors sympathetic to the view that Jesus never existed, <mask>'s work has received mixed reactions. The Jesus Puzzle has received favorable reviews from fellow mythicists Robert M. Price and Richard Carrier. Frank Zindler, former editor of American Atheist, in a review of The Jesus Puzzle described it as "the most compelling argument against the historical Jesus published in my life-time". George Albert Wells, who now argues a more moderate form of the Christ myth and who rejects <mask>'s view that the mythical Jesus of Paul did not also descend to Earth, has nonetheless described The Jesus Puzzle as an "important book".R. Joseph Hoffmann considers that there are "reasons for scholars to hold" the view that Jesus never existed, but considers <mask> "A 'disciple' of Wells" who "has rehashed many of the former’s views in The Jesus Puzzle (Age of Reason Publications, 2005) which is qualitatively and academically far inferior to anything so far written on


title: Earl Doherty

texts:
 the subject". <mask> has responded that his work owes very little to Wells. Writers who do not necessarily support the hypothesis that Jesus did not exist have found merit in some of <mask>'s arguments. Hector Avalos has written that "The Jesus Puzzle outlines a plausible theory for a completely mythical Jesus." Bart Ehrman, an expert on textual criticism of the NT and Early Christianity, has dismissed Jesus, Neither God nor Man as "filled with so many unguarded and undocumented statements and claims, and so many misstatements of fact, that it would take a 2,400-page book to deal with all the problems... Not a single early Christian source supports <mask>'s claim that Paul and those before him thought of Jesus as a spiritual, not a human being, who was executed in the spiritual, not the earthly realm." In a book criticizing the Christ myth theory, New Testament scholar Maurice Casey describes <mask> as "perhaps the most influential of all the mythicists", but one who is unable to understand the ancient texts he uses in his arguments. Bibliography

 The End of an Illusion: How Bart Ehrman's "Did Jesus Exist?"Has Laid the Case for an Historical Jesus to Rest. Ottawa: Age of Reason Publications 2012

References

External links

 Website of <mask> including a reproduction of his Fall 1997 Journal of Higher Criticism article "The Jesus Puzzle: Pieces in a Puzzle of Christian Origins"
 <mask>’s response to Bart Ehrman‘s Did Jesus Exist? Challenging the Verdict - A Cross-Examination of Lee Strobel's "The Case for Christ" at archive.org
 The Jesus Puzzle at archive.org

1941 births
Living people
Canadian atheists
Christ myth theory proponents
Critics of

masks:
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Doherty
Earl Doherty
Earl Doherty


title: Leo Brewer

texts:
<mask> (13 June 1919, St. Louis, Missouri – 22 February 2005, Lafayette, California) was an American physical chemist. Considered to be the founder of modern high-temperature chemistry, <mask> received his BS from the California Institute of Technology in 1940 and his PhD from the University of California, Berkeley, in 1942. <mask> joined the Manhattan Project following his graduate work, and joined the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley in 1946. <mask> married Rose Sturgo (died 1989) in 1945. They had three children, Beth Gaydos, <mask>, and <mask>. He died in 2005 as a result of Beryllium poisoning from his work in World War II. Early life and education

<mask> spent the first ten years of his life with his family in Youngstown, Ohio, where his father worked as a shoe repairman.In 1929, in the wake of the Great Depression, his family moved to Los Angeles, California. It was only six years later that <mask> decided to attend the California Institute of Technology. As an undergraduate at Caltech, <mask> was strongly influenced by Professors E. Swift and D. Yost, and had his first taste of research studying equilibria and kinetics of olefin hydration under Professors D. Pressman and H. J. Lucas. After the B.S. in 1940, Professor Linus Pauling persuaded him to pursue advanced instruction at the University of California, Berkeley, where he continued kinetic studies under Professor Axel Olson. In the shadow of the United States' entrance into World War II, <mask> pursued his Ph.D. with steady determination, and completed his dissertation on the effect of electrolytes upon the kinetics of aqueous reactions in November 1942, after only 28 months. Manhattan Project

Following his doctoral work, <mask> was immediately recruited by UC Berkeley professor Wendell Mitchell Latimer to join the top-secret wartime research group that would become known as the Manhattan Engineering District Project.Assigned to work under Professor E.D. Eastman (whose deteriorating health forced him to withdraw from the project soon after work had begun), <mask> headed a group composed of Leroy

masks:
Leo Brewer
Brewer
Brewer
Leo Brewer
Roger Brewer
Gail Brewer
Brewer
Brewer
Leo Brewer
Brewer
Brewer
Brewer