title: Magos Herrera

texts: performed locally including at the New York Winter Jazz Festival.Since then, she recorded and participated in multiple projects including the album Stones World: The Rolling Stones Project II (2008) for saxophonist Tim Ries, for contemporary composer Paola Prestini for VIA project, among others. She collaborated with former Kronos Quartet cellist Jeff Zeigler in Lens Vivant, created and directed by Mexican visual artist Erika Harrsch, and later again with Harrsch, in the multimedia project, Dream Act (also "Under the same sky...we dream"). <mask> released her album Distancia in 2009. It was co-produced by Tim Ries, featuring pianist Aaron Goldberg and guitarist Lionel Loueke, the album quickly charted #1 in the iTunes jazz category. In 2011, Mexico Azul was released, co-produced by Ries and recorded with John Patitucci, Luis Perdomo, Adam Rogers, Tim Hagans, Rogerio Boccato, and Alex Kautz. The album is a tribute to Mexican composers from the Golden Era of the 1930s and 1940s. A year later, her compilation album, Lo Mejor de Magos Herrera was released.Later, in the summer of 2013, <mask> recorded Dawn, with multiple Grammy winner, producer, and guitarist from Spain, Javier Limón. <mask> and Limón decided to record a second album and DVD for UN Women, and included on the project Fito Páez, Eugenia León, Grégoire Maret, Chabuco, and others, in support of the United Nations "He for She" campaign, which promoted gender equality. <mask> is a UN Women spokesperson. <mask> recorded a tribute to Mexican poet Octavio Paz, by composer Felipe Perez Santiago, and she was invited as a guest artist in "La guitarra vuela", a documentary honoring the flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucía. Along with other performers from

masks: Herrera Magos Magos Herrera Herrera


title: Magos Herrera

type: original

texts:
 the New York artist community, and under the artistic direction of Paola Prestini, <mask> is a curator for the National Sawdust, one of Brooklyn's performance venues. As a performer, <mask> has appeared around the world at venues such as New York's Lincoln Center and UN Headquarters, Washington D.C.'s Kennedy Center, Chicago's Millennium Park, SFJazz in San Francisco, Teatro de la Ciudad de México, Sala Galileo Galilei in Madrid, New York Winter Jazz Festival and Paris' Duc des Lombards. In addition, she has participated in Montreal's International Jazz Festival, the Montreux Jazz Festival in Switzerland, Barcelona's International Jazz Festival, and more in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Brazil, Spain, Holland, Switzerland, England, India, China, Japan, Malaysia, and Singapore.Teaching career
<mask> has also been an instructor since 2000, has been a guest professor for master classes and clinics at Berklee College in Boston, Central College in Pella, Iowa, Miami Dade College, Kula Lumpur Music Academy, Escuela Superior de Música in Mexico City, and held academic residencies in Swarnabhoomi Academy of Music in Tamil Nadu, India, and the Langnau Jazz Camp in Switzerland in 2016. Nominations and grants
 In 2015, <mask> was given the Berklee Latin Masters Award in recognition of her contribution to the development and exposure of Latin American and her original music in a contemporary context around the world. In 2009, she was nominated for the International Grammy for Best Jazz Vocal Album with Distancia. In 2006 and 2009, was nominated for Best Jazz Performance by Lunas del Auditorio Nacional in Mexico City. From 2010 to 2013, was the recipient of Mexico National Grant

masks: Herrera Herrera Herrera Herrera


title: Magos Herrera

texts:
 Program for performing Artists, given by National Fund for Culture and the Arts. (FONCA)
 In 2011, was selected, along with Michelle Obama as one of the most important women of the year by Siempre Mujer magazine. TV & radio shows
<mask> produced and hosted two musical television programs for Mexico’s arts and culture television channel, Canal 22, called "Acústico y Jazz Desde El Bajo Centro," with guests Ute Lemper, Jerry González, Diego el Cigala, among others.When not touring, <mask> produces and hosts a weekly radio program from New York, entitled "La Vuelta a La Manzana" for Mexico’s Public Radio, (IMER, Instituto Mexicano de la Radio), Horizonte Jazz 107.9 FM. Appearing on her show have been Miguel Zenon, Antonio Sánchez, and Peter Eldridge, and others. Theater
In 2005, <mask> was cast to be part of "Modelo para armar", a play by Pablo Mandoki that was performed at Mexico City’s UNAM University Theater, Teatro Juan Ruiz de Alarcón. Discography

Studio albums

Compilation albums

Recording collaborations

References

External links

Latin jazz singers
Mexican jazz musicians
Singers from Mexico City
Latin pop singers
1970 births
Living people
Musicians Institute alumni
21st-century Mexican singers
21st-century Mexican women singers
Sunnyside Records artists
Okeh Records

masks: Herrera Herrera Herrera


title: George Pardee

texts:
<mask> (July 25, 1857 – September 1, 1941) was an American doctor of medicine and politician. As the 21st Governor of California, holding office from January 7, 1903, to January 9, 1907, Pardee was the second native-born Californian to assume the governorship, after Romualdo Pacheco, and the first governor born in California after statehood. Biography
<mask> was born on July 25, 1857, in San Francisco, California, the only child of Enoch H<mask> and <mask>. The Pardee family was well known in the San Francisco Bay Area. His father was a prominent oculist in San Francisco and Oakland. Enoch's stature within the community helped him get elected to the California State Assembly in the early 1870s, and later as the Mayor of Oakland for a single term from 1876 to 1878. Raised in the Pardee Home in Oakland, <mask> closely followed in his father's medical background.He attended the nearby University of California, Berkeley, then studied medicine at the Cooper Medical College in San Francisco. In 1885, Pardee traveled abroad to receive his medical degree at the University of Leipzig in the German Empire. After his return from Germany, Pardee joined his father's medical practice, specializing in eye and ear diseases. Like his father, Enoch, Pardee also developed an early interest in politics. By the early 1890s, Pardee had become an active member of the Republican Party, and was elected to the Oakland Board of Health and the Oakland City Council. In 1893, following a successful election, Pardee became the 29th Mayor of Oakland, serving a single two-year term until 1895. During his mayoralship, Pardee began a public battle with the Southern Pacific Railroad's ownership of the Port of Oakland.At one point, Pardee kicked down a piece of the port's

masks:
George Cooper Pardee
Pardee
. Pardee
Mary Pardee
George Pardee


title: George Pardee

texts: California. In response, Walter Wyman, Surgeon General, called for a conference to be held on January 19, 1903, at Washington, D.C.Under the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service law, each state had to send one state health board representative to a surgeon general call conference. The problem for California was that the state health board officers, previously headed by former governor, Henry Gage, strongly denied the presence of the plague. In efforts to rectify this dilemma, Surgeon Arthur H. Glennan from the U.S Public Health Service was tasked with working with the new governor, <mask>. With his efforts, Matthew Gardner, former surgeon-in-chief of Southern Pacific Railroad, was selected to represent California at the conference. San Francisco was the heart of trade and commerce. Due to plague rumors, San Francisco commercial circles were alarmed by the advances of the Northwestern Railway and Northern Pacific Railways success. During this time, Northwestern Railway and Northern Pacific Railways wanted to divert commerce towards the western states.A preliminary meeting was held on January 18, 1903, a day before the conference call. Other state health officials that attended were hostile to Gardner, believing that California health officials were interested more in railroad business. Gardner acknowledged the presence of plague and promised to provide statements from Pardee and San Francisco Mayor Eugene Schmitz, promising to sanitary campaign and eradication. Pardee promised to fulfill all the conditions the officials wanted. But the officials did not take his promise into consideration and voted to change the location troop transport from San Francisco. On the day of the conference call, Wyman discussed inspection results,


title: George Pardee

texts: revealing no detection of plague. But he also did acknowledge it was not fully eradicated.Many health officials were not happy with this answer and proposed two plans. The first plan pertained to the federal support system, which Wyman objected to. The second plan suggested placing embargoes on California borders, where railroads entered, if health officials were not actively participating in plague eradication. This conference concluded the presence of bubonic plague in California and blamed Governor Henry Gage and his state health board for his negligence in acknowledging and eradicating plague. Wyman, after the conference, firmly stated that acknowledging plague would not affect trade. In hopes to avoid a quarantine, Gardner urged Pardee to recognize bubonic plague in San Francisco. <mask> had won the governor election by a narrow margin.He feared that acknowledging the plague would divide the already split Republican Party. Shortly after his inauguration, Pardee and Glennan met privately. He readily supported the U.S. Public Health Service and agreed to remove state inspectors in Chinatown. Pardee also complied to the resolutions established at the conference. But he continued to avoid directly addressing the presence of plague. He stated any disease regardless of plague required sanitary control. Wyman believed Pardee's stance did not reassure the country health officials and urged Glennan to address the issue again with Pardee and Mayor Schmitz.He believed that acknowledging the presence of plague would ease health officials and foreign countries' fear. Pardee continued to elude the topic of plague but continued to work with the government. On the other hand, Schmitz continued to deny plague existence. The unrest caused by the


title: George Pardee

texts: government and San Francisco Health Board lead to Mexico and Australia to ban San Francisco goods. This ban encouraged more cooperation with Seattle and Vancouver. San Francisco businesses established the Mercantile Joint Committee to promote sanitary and preventive measures, in an effort to prove that plague did not exist. The Mercantile Joint Committee were concerned that officially admitting plague would result in a quarantine, leading to decreased trade and commerce.Merchants continued to ignore Wyman, who was still adamant about officially acknowledging plague. Finally, Glennan stated that if there was no official address regarding plague, the U.S Public Health Service would withdraw from San Francisco. This forced the Mercantile Joint Committee to formally admit that there had been ninety three plague cases over the span of 3 years. They also asked for the support from Schmitz and Pardee to officially admit that there was no current risk or danger from plague. Schmitz was the first to sign this document. Pardee, who was resistant to this, eventually signed it. With this in place, Wyman reported that there were no new outbreaks of plague since December 1902 and Chinatown had met satisfactory sanitary conditions to business leaders.This news encouraged Mexico and other foreign countries to lift the embargoes. Under <mask>'s orders, new officials were appointed for the State Health Board. His administration was now focused on being transparent and would acknowledge all plague cases. Pardee welcomed health officials to visit California and provide input regarding sanitation and sanitary conditions. On September 8, the first California State, County, and Municipal Sanitary Conference was held in San Francisco. This first meeting was


title: George Pardee

texts:
 able to create a community where sanitary information and preventative measures could be shared. By the end of 1904, the plague had been brought under control.Nearly 200 deaths were attributed to the outbreak. Conservation and education
 During his medical studies in the German Empire, Pardee was greatly influenced by Germany's push for higher education and environmental conservation during its rapid industrialization. Throughout his administration, Pardee strongly supported irrigation projects and waterworks throughout the Central Valley with the desire of increasing the state's agricultural output and providing safe drinking water from the Sierra Nevada. Pardee's progressive ideas regarding conservation and distrust of corporate monopolies quickly placed him as an ally of President Theodore Roosevelt. Both the governor and President Roosevelt enjoyed a good working relationship during their respective terms of office on the state and federal levels. On a visit to California in 1903, Pardee was asked by Roosevelt if he would be his running mate as Vice President for the 1904 presidential election. Pardee declined, instead continuing to take an active role in state politics.Both <mask> and Roosevelt remained political allies for the next decade. Since 1901, proposals for a state agricultural school had undergone discussion within the California State Legislature, yet no proposal had gained a serious following. Most agricultural studies in the state during the period were concentrated at UC Berkeley, but due to the climate of Berkeley, most studies remained strictly limited to organic and soil chemistry study and analysis. In 1903, an agricultural bill sponsoring a state agricultural school to give first-hand experience for future farmers


title: George Pardee

texts:
 Office throughout much of the 1910s.In his farewell address to the California State Legislature in January 1907, Pardee demanded that the legislature take up calls for creating a direct primary law. Post-governorship
Leaving the governorship in 1907, he returned to serve on many national and state boards, including the National Conservation Commission and the California Board of Forestry. Pardee remained publicly active, returning to his native Oakland to become a co-founder of the state Bull Moose Party in 1912. In 1920, he was invited to become Commodore of the Oakland Yacht Club, a position he would enjoy again from 1925 to 1928. In the years following his governorship, Pardee lobbied intensely for a water district specifically for the East Bay. In 1921, the legislature passed the Municipal Utility District Act, and two years later, the East Bay Municipal Utility District (EBMUD) was organized. Pardee would administer EBMUD from 1924 until shortly before his death in 1941.In 1927, Oakland citizens awarded Pardee as a founding commissioner to the Port of Oakland due to his lengthy battle to remove the Southern Pacific monopoly over the waterfront. Pardee died in Oakland on September 1, 1941, at the age of 84. Family
Pardee met his future wife Helen N<mask> at Oakland High School in the 1870s, graduating together in 1875. Helen was a school teacher, photographer, and art collector. The Pardees had four daughters, Florence, Caroline, Madeline and Helen. Florence Pardee was killed in a car accident in 1910. Caroline Pardee died from the Spanish flu in 1920.Surviving daughters Madeline and Helen would continue to own and live in the family's Pardee Home until <mask>'s death in 1981. The Pardee Home opened as a public museum in 1991.

masks:
. Pardee
Helen Pardee


title: George Pardee

texts:
 Legacy
Unlike his predecessor Henry Gage and his successor James Gillett, Pardee's governorship has been generally well regarded amongst historians. His efforts of conservation and education have proved to be long standing, such as the creations of bodies that would later become UC Davis and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Despite their initial support of his nomination in 1902, Pardee's near-constant resistance to the Southern Pacific Railroad has spared his reputation of criticism for being too close to rail monopolies. State historians from the California Secretary of State's office wrote that between Gage, Pardee and Gillett, "only Pardee can be considered an honest earnest administrator." Environmental historian Philip L. Fradkin has cited Pardee as one of the unsung heroes of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake."Pardee lacked a glamorous frontline role, and he was criticized for not dashing in the flame-licked streets. With a large staff imported from Sacramento, the governor was the expediter of paper; in every great disaster there needs to be at least one such competent bureaucrat." Pardee was also the first governor to reside in the California Governor's Mansion. The mansion would continue to be lived in by the state executive until the governorship of Ronald Reagan. The Pardee Home, located in downtown Oakland, remains a tourist attraction in the center of the city, hosting tours and speaking events. The Pardee Dam and the adjacent Pardee Reservoir along the Mokelumne River are named after the governor. The old Governor's Office within the California State Capitol is refurbished to appear as it did during the time of <mask>'s governorship in 1906.See also

 National Irrigation


title: George Pardee

texts:
 Congress

References

External links
 The Pardee Home Museum
 The Pardee Governor's Office
 <mask> biography from the California State Library
 Guide to the George Pardee Papers at The Bancroft Library
 The Political Graveyard: Pardee\

Governors of California
Mayors of Oakland, California
Physicians from California
Leipzig University alumni
1857 births
1941 deaths
California Republicans
Republican Party state governors of the United States
Burials at Mountain View Cemetery (Oakland,


title: Shreedhar Swami

texts:
<mask>j (Devanagari: श्री श्रीधर स्वामी Maharaj, Kannada:ಶ್ರೀ ಶ್ರೀಧರ ಸ್ವಾಮಿ Maharaj) (7 December 1908 – 19 April 1973) was an Indian prominent Kannada-Marathi saint and religious poet in the Hindu tradition. <mask> was a devotee of Lord Ram and a disciple of Samarth Ramdas. Early life
Sri <mask> was born in a Brahmin family to Narayan Rao and Kamalabai Deglurkar on 7 December 1908 in Lad Chincholi, Karnataka. He was born on Datta jayanti in the evening when the chariot was passing by the house. He was a devotee of Lord Ram and a disciple of Samarth Ramdas. When <mask> Swami was 3 years old he lost his father and thereafter his mother and elder brother Trimbak took care of the family. Young <mask> was admitted to a school in Hyderabad for his primary education.Since the very early days he was spiritually inclined. One recorded incident from his early childhood is as follows:  He had once fallen very ill and had lost a lot of days at school because of it. Thus he feared that he might fail in the examinations. His mother then told him to constantly chant the name of Lord Ram and that he would see him through the exams. He solemnly started doing that so much so that he finally did not do any studies at all and all the time chanted the name of Ram. On the day of examination he went without reading anything and to the surprise of everybody he answered every question so nicely that he did secure first rank. <mask> <mask>'s elder brother died when he (<mask>) was just ten.His mother, unable to cope with the shock and prolonged illness, soon followed him. After her death <mask> <mask> went to Gulbarga to live with his aunt and continued his education there. After spending a few years in Gulbarga, he headed for Pune where he lived in an orphanage for sometime. Here his

masks:
Sri Shreedhara Swami Mahara
Shreedhar Swami
Shreedhara Swami Maharaj
Shreedhara
Shreedhara
Shreedhar
Swami
Shreedhar
Shreedhar
Swami


title: Shreedhar Swami

texts:
 urge for spiritual enlightenment grew and on the suggestion of one Mr. Palnitkar, he embarked on a journey to Sajjangad with the intent of seeking spiritual knowledge at the place where Shri Samarth Ramdas had resided nearly three hundred years ago. Sajjangad and Spiritual Awakening
During the course of time, he got well-acquainted with one of his teachers at school, Shri palnitkar Guruji. Discovering Sridhar's intense inclination towards spiritualism, he advised him to solicit the blessings of Samartha Ramdas <mask>ji. Sajjangad was the abode of <mask> Ramdas for the last six years of his life.Legend has it that a stone structure (his Samadhi) surged out of its own at the cremation place of Shri Samartha on the very next day of his nirvana. His yearning for a spiritual awakening at this point can be gauged by the fact that he started to dispose all his money to the poor and the remaining he just threw. He liked a particular sweet dish, so he bought it, kept it in front of Lord Ram's idol and then mixed cow dung in it and ate it. Now he could not even think about the dish he once liked so much. On the day of departure to Sajjangad, Which also coincided with Vijayadashmi, he suddenly felt that he was going there to find out the creator of the universe who had control over the living, nonliving things and also time and space. After one and a half years of having arrived at Sajjangad, Samarth Ramdas himself blessed <mask> <mask>. Later, he directed him to go south to Karnataka and spread the real message of Sanatan Vedic Dharma.Touring India for religious Revival
For the next twelve years, <mask> <mask> toured most of south India on foot. He used to halt at temples and Mathas where he would deliver discourses on Sanatan Vedic Dharma for religious upheaval. During

masks:
Swami
Swami Samarth
Shreedhar
Swami
Shreedhar
Swami


title: Shreedhar Swami

texts:
 his travels he made acquaintances with many other well known Hindu religious leaders and saints. The most significant of these was with Sivananda <mask> of Shigehalli. He also visited the Vivekananda Rock Memorial and performed meditation there. In 1942, <mask> <mask> took Sannyasa at Shigehalli and was accorded the title, 'Shreemat Paramhans Parivrajakacharya Bhagwan <mask> Swami'. After this till 1967, he extensively toured all over India and through his speeches, writings and spiritual initiatives, spread the core messages of the Vedas among common people.He, returned south to Varadapura in 1967 where he set up an ashram. He practised, held Hindu exorcism in various holy places, temples including Kolgibis (Kumta road), to drive ghosts, spirits out of any hosts body they have took over, using his mantradanada staff. Final Days
On the first day of the second half of the first month of the Hindu calendar, <mask>ji's health deteriorated. The disciples again pleaded for bringing a doctor, but <mask>ji again refused and told them that Samarth Ramdas had told that the bodily pains should be considered as pleasures. He enquired what day was the next one and when told about that he knew that it was a day for very auspicious things, but didn't tell it to anyone. Then as usual he took bath thrice, had a little milk and rested for a while in the night and spent the rest of the time in sahaj Samadhi avastha. <mask>ji got up the next morning at 5 am.After the morning chores he sat in meditation for a while. He came out of the meditation room at 8 am. The disciples requested him to have some milk, to which he agreed and again sat in meditation. <mask> in sitting position and in meditation twice said 'Om, Om' and then from the upper side of his body through the head he made

masks: Swami Shreedhar Swami Shreedhar Swami Swami Swami Swamiji


title: Shreedhar Swami

texts:
 his soul leave his body to be eternally unified with the Parbramha. Despite this his posture didn't change nor did his facial expressions. In fact the aura around his face became brighter for a while. This was at 9 am.on 19 April 1973. After a while <mask>ji had attained the Ultimate Samadhi. On hearing this all hell broke loose over the ashram. The news spread like a wild fire as it was announced over the All India Radio and <mask>ji's disciples started coming to Varadpur. His body was placed on a specially made bed of flowers. Writings—Spreading The Message
<mask> <mask> was a gifted composer and fluent in Marathi, Sanskrit, Kannada, Hindi and English. All through his extensive travelling, he managed to spare some time for religious writing.His aim was to simplify the complex nuances of vedic teaching into a form that would be easily digestible to the common man. He wrote prolifically and wrote over twenty books in Marathi, Kannada and English. Landmarks of his life

7 December 1908 : Birth at Lad Chincholi, Gulbarga, Karnataka
1912–1923 : Education at Hyderabad
1923 – 27 : at Pune and Sajjangad
1927 : Blessings by Samrth Ramadas
1930 : Became Sanyasi at Shigehalli and started touring South India and later North India, to give spiritual discourses and religious upheaval
 1958–73 : started sadhana, settled at Varadapura, Sagar, Karnataka, established ashrama
19 April 1973 : Death, self wish at Varadapur, Sagar
Varadapura

References

External links
Website
Photos
Free Android App on Shri Shreedhara <mask>ji
Online books, songs, stotras and pravachans of Shri Shreedhara <mask> ji
Very rare video of Shrimat PP Bhagwan Shri Shridhar Swami Maharaj

Marathi-language writers
20th-century Hindu religious leaders
1908 births
1973 deaths
Vaishnava saints
Marathi Hindu

masks: Swami Swami Shreedhar Swami Swami Swami


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
<mask> (August 2, 1903 – July 8, 1965), known as <mask>, was a noted air racing pilot, movie stunt pilot and consultant from the late 1930s until his death in the mid-1960s. He gained fame on two stages: Hollywood and in air races. Early years
<mask> (the name he used throughout his life) was born in Alameda, California, the son of a school principal, and was raised in nearby Redwood City, California. He developed his interest in flying at an early age; as a young boy, his first flight on fabricated canvas wings was aborted when his mother stopped him as he tried to launch off the branch of a tree in his yard. In 1915, at age 12, he attended the Panama Pacific Exposition in San Francisco and witnessed the world-famous Lincoln Beachey make his first ever flight in his new monoplane, the Lincoln Beachey Special. <mask> took his first flying lesson at age 16 using money that he made from driving a hearse during the influenza epidemic of 1919. Although he had accumulated hours towards his private pilot certificate, Mantz quit flying altogether when he witnessed the death of his instructor.On September 24, 1924, <mask> became a part of a famous aviation event when he lent his car battery to the Douglas World Cruiser that had "dead-sticked" into a field on its way to San Francisco for a celebration of the world flight. U.S. Army air cadet
<mask> applied for admission to the United States Army flight school at March Field, California but was told he needed at least two years of college to be eligible. Apparently resorting to a ruse involving Stanford University stationery, he managed to gain admission with false documents and became a successful

masks:
Albert Paul Mantz
Paul Mantz
Paul Mantz
Mantz
Mantz
Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 cadet. He did not inform officials of his prior flying experience. In 1927, shortly before his graduation at March Field, <mask> was flying solo over the Coachella Valley when he spotted a train heading west over the empty desert floor up the long grade from Indio. He rolled over into a dive, leveled off a few feet above the track and flew head-on towards the train as the engineer repeatedly sounded the whistle. At the last moment Mantz pulled up, did a "victory roll" and flew away.This sort of dangerous stunt was fairly common during the early era of loosely regulated flying in the 1920s but the train's passengers included ranking officers coming to March Field to participate in the graduation ceremonies and <mask> was subsequently dismissed from the army. His instructor reportedly made it clear to him that he had the makings of an exceptional pilot and encouraged him to continue a career in aviation. Hollywood stunt pilot
After working briefly in commercial aviation, <mask> went to Hollywood, attracted by the large sums of money movie stunt pilots were making at the time. A main requirement was Associated Motion Picture Pilots (AMPP) membership but that was only gained after employment in the industry. In an effort to gain notoriety, on July 6, 1930 <mask> set a record in flying 46 consecutive outside loops as a part of the dedication ceremonies of the San Mateo airport. Although he gained recognition as an accomplished pilot, without the AMPP card, he still could not work in Hollywood. However, in 1931, <mask> performed the climactic stunt in The Galloping Ghost which required him to fly down a canyon and just miss a prominent

masks: Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 sycamore.Misjudging his approach, <mask> crashed into the tree but the film crew got their shot and he got his AMPP card. Howard Hughes was among his first clients. After much difficulty finding steady stunt work, he accepted a particularly risky assignment, flying a Curtis-Wright CW-16K through a hangar with less than five feet of clearance off each wingtip for the 1932 film Air Mail. <mask> reportedly treated the challenge as an issue of thorough planning, which set him apart from most of the pilots then flying stunts for the movies. Air Mail was a hit and as word spread about his success in getting through the hangar unscathed, <mask> found more work and his professional ideas about stunt flying were gradually accepted by the studios. United Air Services, <mask>'s fledgling company at United Airport in Burbank, offered readily available aircraft and pilots, standard rates and insurance to protect producers from the financial risks of accidents and downtime. Mantz's company grew steadily along with the public's fascination with flying as the studios made increasing numbers of aviation related films.His Paul Mantz Air Services air charter company (jokingly christened the Honeymoon Express) also flourished and became a favorite among Hollywood stars, many of whom, such as Clark Gable and James Cagney became friends. One of his helicopters appears in the Errol Flynn short documentary film, Cruise of the Zaca (1952), as featured on the 2 disc Special Edition DVD of The Adventures of Robin Hood. Other activities
During this period, <mask> carried out a number of "mercy" flights including transporting a deep sea diver to the Mare Island Navy Yard

masks: Mantz Mantz Mantz Paul Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 where a decompression chamber was able to save his life, flying 15 Mexican fishermen to safety after their boat began to break up and assisting 53 trapped firefighters in the Santa Barbara mountain area by dropping supplies. <mask> had to fly low through an inferno in order to make the drop. After Tom Mix's  accident and death, Mantz was also chosen to fly the body of Mix home. In 1937, a few months before she vanished over the western Pacific Ocean, acting as a technical advisor, Mantz tutored Amelia Earhart in long-distance flying and navigation (and had accompanied her as a co-pilot on the aborted first attempt of her world flight). Air racing also became a passion for Mantz in the late-1930s.He entered his Lockheed Orion in the Bendix Trophy transcontinental dash from Los Angeles to Cleveland, placing third in 1938 and 1939. On July 4, 1938, <mask> flew from Wichita to Burbank, California, accompanied by Paramount press agent, pilot, and pulp writer, Edward Churchill, in an attempt to break the speed-dash record. The stunt was part of the promotion for the film Men With Wings. The flight ran into several difficulties. The motor overheated over the Grand Canyon. When they reached Burbank, the landing gear jammed and it took 30 minutes to work it loose, while thousands of spectators looked from the ground and the fuel ran perilously low. Churchill was stricken with carbon monoxide poisoning and had to be treated by a physician after landing.World War II
During World War II, <mask> enlisted and was commissioned a major (later promoted to lieutenant colonel), serving in the First Motion Picture Unit (FMPU) in California. Following an August

masks: Mantz Mantz Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 1944 honorable discharge, <mask> purchased a fleet of 475 wartime surplus bombers and fighters (including North American P-51 Mustang fighters) for $55,000 to use in film work. <mask> joked that he had the sixth-largest air force in the world, and sold the fleet's onboard fuel for a profit on his initial investment. Retaining only 12 aircraft, the remainder of his "air force" was sold off as "scrap" at a handsome profit. Racing pilot
With his film fleet in place, <mask> chose one of the P-51 fighters to convert it into a Bendix Trophy racer. With his longtime mechanic, Cort Johnson, he totally rebuilt the P-51C, stripping out all military issue equipment and modifying the wings with "wet" fuel cells. In the 1946 Bendix Trophy race, all the competitors flew similar converted warbirds but <mask> prevailed with an average speed of 435 mph.He went on to win the Bendix for an unprecedented three consecutive years (1946–1948) with over $125,000.00 in winnings. Postwar film career
In 1945, <mask> flew a P-40 and directed aerial sequences in God is My Co-Pilot. He single-handedly piloted a Boeing B-17 for the "near-suicidal" belly landing scenes in Twelve O'Clock High and the footage was reused in several other movies. For that stunt he reportedly received one of the highest fees ever paid up to that time ($4,500 in 1949 dollars). His longest single flying assignment was in the late 1950s, for the TV series Sky King. <mask> piloted a converted B-25 bomber to film footage for Cinerama travelogues. According to an interview in the documentary Cinerama Adventure with <mask>'s cameraman, in one instance, <mask> flew through an active volcano and

masks: Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 narrowly escaped crashing into the mouth of the volcano when the engines died due to oxygen starvation.<mask>'s B-25 was outfitted with a refrigerator and other amenities for comfort as he used it for world travel on film assignments. <mask> came up with the idea for filming the opening shot for the 1955 film Bad Day at Black Rock in which an aerial view of an approaching passenger train was filmed in reverse with the consist backing away from the camera helicopter as flying towards the train was too dangerous. The sequence was then reversed in the film. <mask> used his B-25 to film Cinerama sequences of military aircraft at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, in October and November 1956, for the Lowell Thomas production, Search for Paradise, released in 1957. Also, in 1957 he was the behind the scene pilot for the film “The Spirit of St. Louis.”

In 1961, aged 58, <mask> formed Tallmantz Aviation with pilot Frank Tallman, supplying aircraft along with their personal stunt flying services to movie and television productions. Together they were involved in several movies including the flying sequences performed in a Beech 18 in the 1963 comedy It’s a Mad Mad Mad Mad World. Family life
In 1932, <mask> married Myrtle "Red" Harvey, one of his former flying students, but divorced in 1935.He remarried two years later to Theresa "Terry" Mae Minor and had a son, <mask>, Jr., with his second wife. He adopted her two children by a previous marriage to Roy T. Minor (1904–1935), Roy, Jr. and Nita Lou "Tenita". The <mask> family lived on Balboa Island, off Newport Beach, California, where <mask> had a yacht. After years of successful ventures in both air

masks: Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Paul Mantz Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 racing and movie work, he had accumulated more than $10 million in profits, and by 1965, was planning his retirement. When his partner, Frank Tallman, broke his leg in a freak accident, <mask> stepped in to finish the aerial scenes for one last movie project. Death
<mask> died on July 8, 1965 while working on the movie The Flight of the Phoenix, which was produced and directed by Robert Aldrich. Flying a very unusual aircraft, the Tallmantz Phoenix P-1 built especially for the film, Mantz struck a small hillock while skimming over a desert site in Arizona for a second take.As <mask> attempted to recover by opening the throttle to its maximum, the over-stressed aircraft broke in two and nosed over into the ground, killing <mask> instantly. Bobby Rose, a stuntman standing behind <mask> in the cockpit and representing a character played by Hardy Krüger, was seriously injured. The FAA investigation noted <mask>'s alcohol consumption before the flight and said the resulting impairment to his "efficiency and judgment" contributed to the accident. Thirteen years later his business partner, Frank Tallman, also died in an aviation mishap. Some who were with <mask> during the shoot dispute that he was flying under the influence, although they acknowledge he was drinking alcohol the night before the fatal flight. Toxicology tests were performed several hours after the accident; in the absence of refrigeration, normal postmortem biochemical processes might produce blood ethanol and cause or contribute to an elevated BAC level. Out of respect, neither take appeared in the completed film, although the accident was shown in contemporary newsreels and stills

masks: Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 of the moment of impact have been published.The final credits of The Flight of the Phoenix bear a tribute to <mask>: "It should be remembered ... that <mask>, a fine man and a brilliant flyer gave his life in the making of this film ..."

In the 1988 TV movie Pancho Barnes, <mask> was portrayed by Kurt Rhoads. In Amelia Earhart, a 1976 made-for-television biographical film, he was played by Stephen Macht. Awards
 Bendix Trophy, 1946, 1947, 1948
 Inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 2002. Inducted into the International Council of Air Shows Foundation Hall of Fame

See also
 Amelia Earhart
 Art Scholl

References

Notes

Bibliography

 Cowin, Hugh W. The Risk Takers, A Unique Pictorial Record 1908–1972: Racing & Record-setting Aircraft (Aviation Pioneer 2). London: Osprey Aviation, 1999. .
 Dolan Edward F. Jr. Hollywood Goes to War. London: Bison Books, 1985. .
 Dwiggins, Don. Hollywood Pilot: The Biography of <mask>.Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1967. Dwiggins, Don. "<mask>: Kingpin of the Hollywood Air Force." Air Classics Vol. 11, no. 10, October 1975. Farmer, Jim."<mask>: The Golden Years." Air Classics Vol. 26, no. 3, March 1990. The Flight of the Phoenix (1965). 20th Century Fox, DVD re-release, 2003. Goldstein, Donald M. and Katherine V. Dillon.Amelia: The Centennial Biography of an Aviation Pioneer. Washington, DC: Brassey's, 1997. .
 Hardwick, Jack and Ed Schnepf. "A Viewer's Guide to Aviation Movies." The Making of the Great Aviation Films, General Aviation Series, Volume 2, 1989. Joiner, Stephen. "Hollywood's Favorite Pilot." Air & Space, Volume 22, no.5, October/November 2007.Kinert, Reed.

masks:
Paul Mantz
Paul Mantz
Mantz
Paul Mantz
Paul Mantz
Paul Mantz


title: Paul Mantz

texts:
 Racing Planes and Air Races: A Complete History, Vol. 1 1909–1923. Fallbrook, California: Aero Publishers, Inc., 1969. Moore, Kevin. "The Tallmantz Story and the Carpetbaggers." Air Classics Summer Issue, no.2, 1964. Orriss, Bruce. When Hollywood Ruled the Skies: The Aviation Film Classics of World War II. Hawthorne, California: Aero Associates Inc., 1984. .
 Schiller, Gerald A. "Hollywood's Daredevil Pilot." Aviation History, Vol. 13, no.6, July 2003. Wise, Arthur & Derek Ware. Stunting in the Cinema, Constable, London, 1973. External links
 History of Hollywood Stunt Pilots
 <mask>: King of the Hollywood Pilots
 Check-Six.com – The Final Flight of the "Phoenix"

 A Short Biography of <mask> – Aero Vintage Books

1903 births
1965 deaths
Accidental deaths in Arizona
Aerobatic record holders
American aviation record holders
American stunt performers
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in the United States
Burials at Pacific View Memorial Park
Filmed accidental deaths
First Motion Picture Unit personnel
People from Alameda, California
People from Redwood City, California
Stunt pilots
United States Army Air Forces officers
United States Army Air Forces pilots
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1965
Military personnel from

masks:
Paul Mantz
Paul Mantz


title: Leonard G. Johnson

texts:
<mask>. (Len)  <mask> (born June 24, 1953) is an American inventor and entrepreneur who developed and  patented a plan that may impact the world's petroleum economy and
provide a solution to global energy demands. <mask>'s patent combines technologies such as desalinization, pipelining, algae farming, and fuel production. In 2008, <mask> completed the United States' first pure biofuel transcontinental flight using bio-butanol in an experimental airplane he personally built. Bio-butanol can be engineered from algae, and may be used as a replacement fuel for turbines as well as reciprocating engines. <mask> was presented with an award by the First Flight Foundation at the base of the Wright Brothers Monument to signify his achievement. Early life
<mask> was born in St. Charles, Missouri in 1953. In elementary school, young <mask>'s creative and reading abilities were noticed by his teachers.He left High School at age 16 and enrolled in college. <mask>'s education was repeatedly disrupted when his father suffered two heart attacks, each of which caused him to leave college to run the family business. When his father's business lost essential commercial frontage due to a highway project and was sold to an older brother, <mask> joined the U.S. Navy in April 1975. In 1977 while still in the Navy <mask> became a member of American Mensa. <mask> achieved the rank of Petty Officer First Class before leaving the Navy. As an employee of Hughes Aircraft Ground Systems Group, <mask> was named a Hughes Scholar and attended California State University where he graduated in 1985 with a B.S. degree majoring in Computer Science and a minor in Math.Beginning his career
<mask>'s first project at Hughes Aircraft Ground Systems Group was chosen as the Cost Improvement Proposal (CIP) of the year in 1983. This led to his being named as a Hughes Scholar. Upon graduation <mask> continued his career at Hughes as a software engineer and Member of the Technical Staff (MTS). <mask> left Hughes in 1977 and worked as a consultant for Locus Computing Corporation, Braintec, Advantis, and Intel. His later software work

masks:
Leonard G
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Len Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Leonard G. Johnson

texts:
 included helping to implement backbone internet protocols for IBM Global Networks. <mask> also worked with Oracle Corporation where he was credited with helping to simplify installation of Oracle Applications on Windows computers. This enabled Oracle to expand sales in the middle market.Recent work
In 2006 <mask> founded THH, Inc. to research and develop biofuel technologies. THH filed for patent protection for one of <mask>'s ideas called "Method of Distributing Desalination Functions While Reducing the Environmental Impact of Industrial Cooling Water and the Introduction of Brine to Brackish or Saline Water Sources"

Historic cross-country biofuel flight
Over his desk, <mask> displays a placard with Charles F. Kettering's famous quote: "The Wright Brothers flew right through the smoke screen of impossibility." As a small boy, <mask> listened to tower communications coming all the way from Lambert Airport in St. Louis on an old, upright cabinet radio next to the pot-bellied stove in Oberly’s General Store, a

picturesque establishment owned and operated by an elderly couple who were long-time residents of Weldon Spring. MO. Their store sat across the road from the headwater of Weldon Spring, where people once drove their wagons to draw water. <mask> dreamed of building his own airplane, which led him to compare the various kit and plans-built airplanes available. <mask> chose to build a Cozy MKIV, taking over the project started by another builder in Maine.The project had a number of Aerocanard parts, but was registered as a Cozy MKIV by <mask> upon completion. He flew it for the first time in Chino, CA in 2002. On October 25, 2008, <mask> took off from Chino field in his Cozy Mark IV aircraft. <mask> had  just completed a four-month process of adapting and proving the aircraft for use with bio-butanol. <mask>'s aim was to prove the unconventional fuel as an alternative to the 100LL aviation fuel burned by most light aircraft. The latter is a kind of gasoline that remains one of the few that are still leaded for reasons having to do with the engine technology these aircraft use. <mask>

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Leonard G. Johnson

texts:
 sought to demonstrate that an ecologically sound alternative existed.After taking off, <mask> first turned west towards the Pacific Ocean, and then east for the flight to Kitty Hawk. Along the way he stopped in New Mexico, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee. In both Arkansas and Tennessee, a partial engine tear down was performed to deal with a persistent cylinder heating problem and to prove that the fuel was not the culprit. On November 2, 2008, he touched down at North Carolina's First Flight Airport in Kitty Hawk, where he was met by a reception committee headed by the officers of the First Flight Foundation. <mask> was presented with a replica of the Wright Brothers Memorial to commemorate his achievement in being the first to cross the continent using bio-butanol, and in proving that an environmentally sound alternative to 100LL existed. During his return flight, <mask> encountered a weather-related emergency and had to perform a forced landing at Osceola, Missouri. Upon landing on the airport's taxiway, <mask> found himself headed right for a house.He steered into a power pole in order to sheer off a wing and dissipate speed, and ended up upside down in a ditch having lost both wings, half the canard, and the nose of the aircraft. <mask> suffered severe injuries including a broken neck and back. After being flown by helicopter to a local hospital, <mask> was listed in critical condition. <mask> made a miraculous recovery after a prognosis that indicated he may be paralyzed; unable to walk, move his arms, or even breathe on his own. Current activities
<mask> is now rehabilitating at the VA Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) center in Long Beach, California, where he is learning to SCUBA dive with the Handicapped Scuba Association (HSA). <mask> recently appeared in an NBC Los Angeles channel 4 news segment with  Vikki Vargas on stem cell research. References

Links
 THH, Inc’s official site

http://suburbanjournals.stltoday.com/articles/2008/11/08/stcharles/news/1109stc-pokin0.txt

1953 births
Living people
People from St. Charles, Missouri
21st-century American inventors
Mensans
United States Navy

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Carlos Bilardo

texts:
<mask> (born 16 March 1938) is an Argentine former physician, football player, and manager. Bilardo achieved worldwide renown as a player with Estudiantes de La Plata in the 1960s, and as the manager of the Argentina side that won the 1986 FIFA World Cup and came close to retaining the title in 1990, where they reached the final. As manager of Argentina, he was renowned for successfully employing the 3–5–2 formation at the highest level; this formation has been in use for decades, but has never achieved mainstream status. He is known by fans and the media as el narigón ("the big nosed one"). Biography

Early life

<mask> was born in the Buenos Aires La Paternal neighbourhood to Sicilian immigrants from Mazzarino. He was drawn to football from his childhood, but did not neglect study or work. On school vacations, he would get up before dawn to haul produce to the Abasto market in Buenos Aires.<mask> was a promising prospect in the youth divisions of major Buenos Aires club San Lorenzo de Almagro, and he was drafted to the junior Argentina national football team that obtained the 1959 Pan-American title and took part in the 1960 Summer Olympic Games in Rome. In 1961, <mask> was transferred to second-division side Deportivo Español, where he became the team's top scorer, but he slowly gravitated to the position of defensive midfielder. In parallel, he continued his studies in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires. Career with Estudiantes

In 1965, <mask> was transferred to Estudiantes de La Plata, where manager Osvaldo Zubeldía built a team based on the Killer youth divisions (la tercera que mata) and thought of using Bilardo as a more mature anchor for the midfield. <mask> became Estudiantes' inside-the-pitch tactician. Over a four-year span, the team won one Metropolitano title (1967), three Copa Libertadores titles (1968–1970, defeating Palmeiras, Nacional and Peñarol respectively at the finals) and one Intercontinental Cup in 1968 against Manchester United.

masks:
Carlos Salvador Bilardo Digiano
Bilardo
Bilardo
Bilardo
Bilardo
Bilardo


title: Carlos Bilardo

texts:
 After graduating as a physician (together with fellow player Raúl Madero), <mask> retired from play and accepted the job of Estudiantes coach in 1971.For the next years, he divided his time between managing, his family (he married in 1968 and fathered a daughter), and helping manage his father's furniture business. He even found time to research rectal cancer and practice as a gynecologist (<mask> finally retired from the practice of medicine in 1976, feeling that being a physician requires a full-time commitment that he was unable to provide). Coaching
After retiring as a player, <mask> became Estudiantes coach in 1971 and managed to get the squad into the 1971 Copa Libertadores final but lost to Nacional. In 1976, he became manager of Colombia's Deportivo Cali and after a 2-year stint he managed to get the squads into the Copa Libertadores Finals but once again failed to win the title. After failing in the 1978 Copa Libertadores Finals, <mask> had a short stint in San Lorenzo and then became Colombia national team's trainer. When the team failed to qualify for the 1982 World Cup, he was fired from his position, and Estudiantes arranged for his return to Argentina. The club was enjoying healthy finances due to the transfer of Patricio Hernández, and accommodated <mask>'s request for reinforcements.The team made the semi-finals of the 1982 Nacional and went on to win the same year's Metropolitano title. <mask>'s scheme was based on Zubeldía's tactics, and its attacking might (fueled by players like Sabella, Trobbiani, Gottardi and Ponce) earned the attention of the media—and of the top brass of the Argentine Football Association, who offered him to manage the Argentine national team. He held the post from 1983 until after the 1990 World Cup. Under his watch, Diego Maradona became the most dominant player of his age, and Argentina enjoyed their best international harvest, winning the 1986 edition and reaching the 1990 final. <mask> wrote a book called "Así Ganamos" ("How we won",

masks: Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo


title: Carlos Bilardo

texts:
 Editorial Sudamericana Planeta) retelling the story of Argentina's 1986 FIFA World Cup win. After 1990
From 1990 and onwards, <mask> alternated teaching and journalism stints with managing. He would reunite with Maradona in Sevilla FC and later in Boca Juniors, and have a brief term as the national coach of Libya.<mask> returned to Estudiantes for the 2003–2004 season. In a publicised episode during that season, <mask> sat next to the pitch during a game against Club Atlético River Plate and drank from a bottle of champagne. When confronted by media, he maintained that the bottle actually contained Gatorade; the contents of the bottle were analysed by a forensic lab, confirming <mask>'s version. Within that season, results improved, and several young players were promoted to the first team, including José Ernesto Sosa, who would later help Estudiantes become a contender; three years later, the team won the League title under coach Diego Simeone, and in 2009, Estudiantes won the Copa Libertadores again, with <mask> attending the final in Belo Horizonte and receiving a gift from coach Sabella—his "lucky" beige coat. Bilardo covered the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany for Argentine TV station Canal 13 as a commentator. In the aftermath of the tournament, Argentine manager José Pekerman renounced the post, and <mask>'s name was floated as a possible substitute. The job eventually went to Alfio Basile, who had earlier succeeded <mask> as national coach after the 1990 World Cup.Following the 2007 gubernatorial election, <mask> was named Secretary of Sports of Buenos Aires province under governor Daniel Scioli. General Manager
A new generation of Bilardo-influenced coaches has taken over many key positions in Argentine and South American football: Brown, Pumpido, Burruchaga, Batista, Russo, and Maradona. When Maradona was named as national team coach on October 2008, <mask> was tapped for the post of Argentina General Manager. After the designation, <mask> agreed to quit his Secretary

masks: Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo Bilardo


title: Jacob Svetoslav

texts:
<mask> (, <mask>) (ca. 1210s/1220s–1275 or 1276/1277) was a prominent 13th-century Bulgarian noble (bolyarin) of princely Rus' origin. Bestowed the title of despot, <mask> was the ruler of a widely autonomous domain of the Second Bulgarian Empire most likely located around Sofia. Seeking further independence and claiming the title of Emperor of Bulgaria, he twice changed allegiance from Bulgaria to the Kingdom of Hungary and vice versa, and the Hungarians recognized his Bulgarian royal rank as their vassal and ruler of Vidin (medieval Bdin). Bulgarian despot
<mask>'s exact origin is not clear, though he is known to have been either an East Slavic noble himself or the son of one. <mask> or his father most likely arrived in Bulgaria with the wave of Rus' people fleeing the Mongol invasion of Rus' in the first half of the 13th century. Historian Plamen Pavlov theorizes that <mask> was a descendant of the princes (knyaze) of Kievan Rus', and estimates his birth date as being in the 1210s or 1220s.In the late 1250s, <mask> was already an influential noble. He married a daughter of Theodore II Laskaris from his marriage with Tsar Ivan Asen II's daughter Elena. By 1261, he had become a despot, a high-ranking noble in the Bulgarian hierarchy. The title was awarded to him probably by his own suzerain, the ruler of Bulgaria, rather than a Byzantine emperor, possibly Constantine Tih. <mask> was close to the Bulgarian court and pledged loyalty to Constantine. Thus, the tsar made him the ruler of a domain usually considered to have been south of the Vidin region in the west of the Bulgarian Empire. Byzantine sources indicate his possessions lay

masks:
Jacob Svetoslav
Yakov Svetoslav
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob Svetoslav


title: Jacob Svetoslav

texts:
 "near Haemus", thus close to Sofia, between the Hungarian possessions to the north and Macedonia to the south.In 1261, he commanded the Bulgarian forces in a war against Hungary near Severin (western Wallachia), and in 1262 he possibly fought against Byzantium, as a Byzantine army invaded his lands in the following year during an anti-Bulgarian campaign. <mask>'s continuing ties to his Russian homeland are evidenced by his request to the Bulgarian patriarch. <mask> requested the making of a copy of the Nomocanon which was then sent to Cyril III, the Metropolitan of Kiev. It was supplemented by a letter from <mask> in which the noble calls the metropolitan "the bishop of the entire Russian land... of my ancestors". The copy finishes with a passage in which <mask> is called a "Bulgarian despot". He also minted his own coins bearing the imperfect images of Saint Demetrius of Thessaloniki or <mask> himself, dressed as a warrior wearing a helmet and holding a sword. Hungarian and Bulgarian ruler of Vidin

In 1263, the situation in Bulgaria was far from stable, as Constantine was facing both the threat of his predecessor Mitso Asen's throne ambitions and a large-scale Byzantine invasion.Because Constantine was unable to assist <mask> against the advancing Byzantines, <mask> sought aid from his northern neighbour, Hungarian king Stephen V. The Hungarians drove the Byzantines out of <mask>'s domain and themselves invaded Byzantine-controlled territories. Rescued from the Byzantine threat, <mask> submitted to Hungarian suzerainty. Stephen V placed him as the ruler of the Vidin province on the Danube River, previously governed for Hungary by

masks:
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob Svetoslav


title: Jacob Svetoslav

texts:
 the then-deceased Rostislav Mikhailovich, and allowed him to retain his lands to the south. Had it not been for the appointment of <mask> as a Hungarian vassal at Vidin, Bulgaria would have re-established control over the city in 1263. In 1264, however, Hungary was precipitated into another civil war between Stephen V and his father Béla IV. Fearing Bulgarian retribution and lack of Hungarian support should Béla IV come out victorious, in 1265 <mask> changed allegiance to Bulgaria and acknowledged the authority of Constantine Tih. The two crossed the Danube in 1265 and raided the Hungarian fortresses north of the river.By the spring of 1266, however, Stephen V had established himself as the sole ruler of Hungary, and on 23 June 1266, conquered Vidin back from <mask> after a brief siege. Two waves of Hungarian raids proceeded to devastate the Vidin province and enter the possessions of Constantine. In spite of Bulgarian resistance, the Hungarians subjugated a number of cities including Pleven. <mask>'s previous defection to Bulgarian suzerainty notwithstanding, the Hungarians restored him as the puppet ruler of the Vidin region. In 1266, he was even referred to as "Tsar of the Bulgarians" (imperator Bulgarorum) in Hungarian sources, possibly to encourage a rivalry between Constantine and <mask> for the Bulgarian throne or simply to satisfy <mask>'s ambitions. Final submission to Bulgaria and death
The death of Stephen V in 1272 meant that he was succeeded by his infant son Ladislaus IV, with the widowed consort and mother of the boy, Elizabeth, as his regent. At the time, <mask> still held Vidin as a Hungarian vassal.Possibly in

masks:
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob
Jacob Svetoslav


title: Jacob Svetoslav

texts:
 1273, Hungarian rule in Braničevo, west of <mask>'s domain, was put to an end by two Cuman–Bulgarian nobles, Darman and Kudelin. Cut off from his Hungarian suzerains and facing the menace of a Bulgarian attack from the east, <mask> once again submitted to Bulgarian rule. He arrived in the capital Tarnovo to negotiate his submission with Constantine's consort Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene, who was the dominant figure in the empire at the time due to the Tsar's paralysis. There, <mask> was formally adopted by the much younger Maria as her second son, after the infant heir Michael Asen II. This adoption solidified <mask>'s ties to the court and meant that he could safely retain his autonomous domain as a Bulgarian vassal. He also harboured hopes to ascend to the throne by ousting Michael when Constantine died. Suspicious of these disloyal intentions of <mask>'s, Constantine's consort Maria is thought to have poisoned him, and he died in 1275 or 1276/1777, shortly before the Uprising of Ivaylo.While the fate of the city of Vidin itself is unclear, at least part of <mask>'s possessions were certainly restored to direct Bulgarian rule in the wake of his death. One such territory was the Svrljig region lying southwest of Vidin, which in 1278 was documented as belonging to Bulgaria. References

Sources

People from Vidin
Medieval Bulgarian nobility
Medieval Hungarian nobility
13th-century Bulgarian people
13th-century princes in Kievan Rus'
Bulgarian people of Russian descent
Medieval Bulgarian military personnel
Year of birth unknown
1270s deaths
13th-century births
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Despots of the Second Bulgarian

masks:
Jacob
Jacob Svetoslav
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob


title: Mel Lewis

texts:
<mask> (May 10, 1929 – February 2, 1990), known professionally as <mask>, was an American jazz drummer, session musician, professor, and author. He received fourteen Grammy Award nominations. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born in Buffalo, New York, to Russian-Jewish immigrant parents Samuel and Mildred Sokoloff. He started playing professionally as a teen, eventually joining Stan Kenton in 1954. His musical career brought him to Los Angeles in 1957 and New York City in 1963. Career
In 1966 in New York, he teamed up with Thad Jones to lead the Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra. The group started as informal jam sessions with the top studio and jazz musicians of the city, but eventually began performing regularly on Monday nights at the famed venue, the Village Vanguard.In 1979, the band won a Grammy for their album Live in Munich. Like all of the musicians in the band, it was only a sideline. In 1976, he released an album titled <mask> and Friends that featured him leading a smaller sextet that allowed freedom and improvisation. When Jones moved to Denmark in 1978, the band became known as <mask> and the Jazz Orchestra. <mask> continued to lead the band, recording and performing every Monday night at the Village Vanguard until shortly before his death from cancer at age 60. The band still performs on most Monday nights at the club. Today, it is known as the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra and has released several CDs.Playing style and approach
<mask>'s cymbal work was considered unique among many

masks:
Melvin Sokoloff
Mel Lewis
Lewis
Mel Lewis
Mel Lewis
Lewis
Lewis


title: Mel Lewis

texts:
 musicians. Of his style, drummer Buddy Rich had remarked: "<mask> doesn't sound like anybody else. He sounds like himself." <mask> insisted on playing genuine Turkish-made cymbals, switching from the Zildjian Company later in his career to the Istanbul brand. His setup included a 21-inch ride on his right, a 19-inch crash-ride on his left, and his signature sound, a 22-inch swish "knocker" with rivets on his far right. The rather lightweight cymbals exuded a dark, overtone-rich sound. <mask>' wood-shell drums were considered warm and rich in their sound.He almost exclusively played a Gretsch drums set, although in later years, played Slingerland drums equipped with natural calfskin top heads. Regular mylar heads were used on the bottom. <mask> described a playing philosophy of not "pushing or pulling" but "supporting." "If you watch me, it doesn't look like I'm doing much," he remarked in an interview. Declining health and death
In the late 1980s, <mask> was diagnosed with melanoma. It was identified in his arm, then surfaced in his lungs, and ultimately went to his brain. He died on February 2, 1990, just days before his band was to celebrate its 24th anniversary at the Village Vanguard.Discography
Mellifluous (Gatemouth, 1981)

<mask> and the Orchestra
 Naturally, (Telarc, 1979)
 Live in Montreux: <mask> Plays Herbie Hancock, (MPS/Pausa, 1980))
 Live at the Village Vanguard...Featuring the Music of Bob Brookmeyer, (1980)
 <mask> and the Jazz Orchestra, (Finesse, 1982)
 20 Years at the

masks:
Mel Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Mel Lewis
Mel Lewis
Mel Lewis


title: Mel Lewis

texts:
 Lewis and Woody Herman (Jazz Casual)
2005:  Jazz Masters Series – Mel Lewis and the Jazz Orchestra (Shanachie)
2007:  Mel Lewis and His Big Band (VIEW)

Film
1958: Kings Go Forth - Jazz Musician: Drums (uncredited)

Sources

External links
 Allmusic.com – Biography by Scott Yanow
 Falzerano, Chet (1995).Gretsch Drums: The Legacy of That Great Gretsch Sound. Publisher: Centerstream Publications. <mask> at Drummerworld
<mask> at The Percussive Arts Society
The Mel Lewis Collection at the Miller Nichols Library of the University of Missouri–Kansas City
History of Jazz Drumming interview recordings

1929 births
1990 deaths
American jazz drummers
American jazz bandleaders
Big band bandleaders
West Coast jazz drummers
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Buffalo, New York
Atlantic Records artists
Red Baron Records artists
Deaths from melanoma
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
Jazz musicians from New York (state)
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
The Thad Jones/Mel Lewis Orchestra members
American Jazz Orchestra members
Black Lion Records

masks:
Mel Lewis
Mel Lewis


title: Christine Belford

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>) is an American television and film actress. She has sometimes been credited as <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born in Amityville, Long Island, New York to Joseph J. Riley and <mask> (née Wilson; later Malone),  who later divorced. She has a brother, Terry, and a sister, Shawn. The family once lived at 112 Ocean Avenue, the location which later became famous as the setting of The Amityville Horror, for about five years from age 11 until age 16. As a young child and teenager on Long Island, she was active in equestrian trials and won many horsemanship awards. "She was enrolled at the best schools and joined the best swimming and yachting clubs on Long Island."After graduating from high school in 1966, she attended Hofstra University, initially interested in pursuing a career in psychiatry. However, the classwork she did with Joseph Leon, the head of the drama department, inspired her to become an actress. In 1970, after college she moved to New York City and did some modeling work but no acting. Additionally, she said, "In order to keep a roof over my head and to eat, I took any job I could get. I was a waitress, a bar maid, and I also drove an ice truck." For both personal and professional reasons, she moved to Los Angeles near the end of 1970. There, at the suggestion of a friend, actress Carrie Snodgress, she auditioned at Universal Pictures, performing a scene from the film The Country Girl for the head of

masks:
Christine Belford
Christine Riley
Christina Belford
Christine Riley
Mary Belford Riley


title: Christine Belford

texts:
 talent, Monique James.<mask> then received a seven-year acting contract from Universal Pictures, "A very precious commodity issued only to a chosen few." Television career
Her first appearance on television was as an extra on the Vince Edwards series Matt Lincoln. Her first credited appearance on television was in the NBC television movie Vanished in 1971. She played insurance investigator Carlie Kirkland during the second season (1973–74) of Banacek. She appeared in the 1980 TV-movie The Gambler with Kenny Rogers and also played Ricky Stratton’s mother, Evelyn on Silver Spoons and Jackie on Empire. She appeared in guest roles on many popular television shows of the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, including Ironside, Banacek, Mannix, Barnaby Jones, Owen Marshall, Counselor at Law, The Six Million Dollar Man, CHiPs, Wonder Woman, Magnum, P.I., Hart to Hart, The Incredible Hulk, Family Ties, The Golden Girls, Blossom, Beverly Hills, 90210, Battlestar Galactica (specifically as one of the prison-barge inmates recruited to destroy "The Gun On Ice Planet Zero"), The Paper Chase: The Television Series, My Two Dads, Night Court (specifically the 1992 episode "Opportunity Knock Knocks," where she was credited as <mask>), Murder, She Wrote, Diagnosis: Murder and  Quincy, Holding Pattern. She appeared in the episode "Devil Pack" from the 1977 series Quinn Martin's Tales of the Unexpected (known in the United Kingdom as Twist in the Tale), as

masks:
Christine
Christina Belford


title: John Tierney (journalist)

texts:
<mask> (born March 25, 1953) is an American journalist and a contributing editor to City Journal, the Manhattan Institute's quarterly publication. Previously he had been a reporter and columnist at the New York Times for three decades since 1990. A self-described contrarian, Tierney is a critic of aspects of environmentalism, the "science establishment", big government, and calls for limiting emissions of carbon dioxide. Early and personal life
<mask> was born in 1953 outside Chicago, and grew up in "the Midwest, South America and Pittsburgh". He graduated from Yale University in 1976. He was previously married to <mask>, with whom he had one child. They later divorced, and Tierney remarried to anthropologist and love expert Helen Fisher in 2020.Career
After graduating from college, <mask> was a newspaper reporter for four years, first at the Bergen Record in New Jersey and then at the Washington Star. Starting in 1980, he spent ten years in magazine journalism writing for such magazines as Atlantic Monthly, Discover, Esquire, Health, National Geographic Traveler, New York, Newsweek, Outside, Rolling Stone. <mask> began working at The New York Times in 1990 as a "general assignment" reporter in the Metro section. <mask> writes a science column, "Findings", for the Times. He previously wrote the TierneyLab blog for the Times. In 2005 <mask> began to write for the Times Op-Ed page and as of 2015 his writings appeared in both the Times Op-Ed and "Findings" science column. He also writes for the conservative City Journal.In 2009 Tierney wrote about mathematics popularizer Martin Gardner and in that same year started featuring recreational mathematics problems, often curated by Pradeep Mutalik in his New York Times TierneyLab blog. In 2010, <mask> retired from writing the blog, and Mutalik continued it under a new name (NumberPlay). In time, Gary Antonick took that over until he retired it in October 2016. Views
<mask> described his TierneyLab blog as being "guided by two founding principles":
 Just because an idea appeals to a lot of people doesn't mean it's wrong. But

masks:
John Marion Tierney
Tierney
Dana Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney


title: John Tierney (journalist)

texts: that's a good working theory. The About section of the TierneyLab blog started with, "<mask> always wanted to be a scientist but went into journalism because its peer-review process was a great deal easier to sneak through". His column about New York, "The Big City", ran in the New York Times Magazine and the Metro section from 1994 to 2002.His criticism of rent stabilization, the war on drugs, Amtrak and compulsory recycling, have been described as questioning "some of the complacent shibboleths of urban liberalism". His 1996 article "Recycling Is Garbage" broke the New York Times Magazine'''s hate mail record and was praised by libertarians for bringing "libertarian ideas to America's big-government bible". Critics complained that in the article he quoted "not a single representative of the recycling industry", but did cite the head of "an environmental consulting business for hire to solid waste companies". In a 2001 column, <mask> cited a study suggesting that global warming would boost the U.S. economy. <mask> identifies himself as a libertarian and has become increasingly identified with libertarianism. Joseph J. Romm has written that <mask> is one of the "influential but misinformed skeptics" who have helped prevent the United States from taking action on climate change. In his 2007 book Hell and High Water, Romm refutes what he calls <mask>'s "misinformation".Columbia Journalism Review complains Tierney "has a tendency to support his point of view using sources with a clear ideological or special interest agenda, without properly identifying them". In 2007 <mask> wrote a column claiming that Silent Spring, Rachel Carson's 1962 book on the detrimental effects of pesticides on the environment, is a "hodgepodge of science and junk science" whose rhetoric still "drowns out real science", such as the work of agricultural bacteriologist Ira Baldwin. Among those who have accused him of errors of fact and misrepresentation are Erik M. Conway, Naomi Oreskes, and Merrill Goozner. In 2016 <mask> accused President Barack Obama of "politicized science to advance his

masks:
John Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney


title: John Tierney (journalist)

texts:
 agenda" and appointees in the Obama administration of "junk science—or no science—to justify misbegotten crusades against dietary salt, trans fats, and electronic cigarettes. According to Tierney, they cited phony statistics to spread myths about a gender pay gap and a rape crisis on college campuses". Awards
 1998–99, New York News Publishers Association: Distinguished Column Writing Award. 1988, American Association for the Advancement of Science/Westinghouse Science Journalism Award, for a cover story in Newsweek, "The Search for Adam and Eve."1983, American Institute of Physics–United States Steel Foundation Science Writing Award. Books
 God Is My Broker, A comic novel written in parody of financial and spiritual self-help book was written in collaboration with novelist Christopher Buckley. Willpower: Rediscovering the Greatest Human Strength. Co-wrote in 2011, along with Florida State University psychologist Roy F. Baumeister. They state that self-control and willpower function analogously to muscles. Thus, they write that willpower can be exhausted from overuse but generally speaking is strengthened through exercise (exercise that modern people tend to disregard). Publishers Weekly praised the book as "a very fine work" that is "clear and succinct" as well as "based on solid research".The Best-Case Scenario Handbook: A Parody Sep 16, 2002. a parody of the popular Worst-Case Scenario Handbook series. The Power of Bad: How the Negativity Effect Rules Us and How We Can Rule It. Co-written with Baumeister and published in 2019. See also
 <mask> bet
 Scientific opinion on climate change
 Public opinion on climate change

References

External links
 Biography from the New York Times
 Sept. 14, 2005 interview with Reason magazine
 "Meet <mask>", New York Times'' biographical video interview

1953 births
American columnists
American libertarians
American male journalists
American music journalists
American political writers
Living people
Mathematics popularizers
People from Chicago
The New York Times columnists
Yale University alumni
Manhattan Institute for Policy

masks:
Simmons Tierney
John Tierney


title: Christie Whelan Browne

texts:
Christine "<mask><mask> (born 6 August 1982) is an Australian performer who has worked extensively in musical theatre as an actress, dancer and singer. She has also appeared on television shows and in films. In March 2012, she married fellow performer, <mask>. Early years

<mask> was born as <mask> on 6 August 1982 in Melbourne. She grew up in the suburb of Eltham, and attended St Helena Secondary College. Whelan performed in school musicals every year from Year 7. The musicals included, "The King and I and doing everything from Fiddler on the Roof to Little Shop of Horrors, as well as Grease."She later reflected on her Year 12 school production, "I was choreographing and playing a part. It was the first time I realised this was something that came naturally to me. It is the only thing that was born in me." The Whelan family were fervent basketballers. Whelan's first amateur theatre role was in Les Mis, followed by works with the Catchment Players and then as Roxie in Chicago. She recalled being inspired by seeing Mamma Mia!, "At the end the audience stood up and everyone was singing – I just thought this would be the best thing ever but I didn't think 'that'll be me one day'." A talent manager caught her performance in Chicago and recommend she turn professional.<mask> <mask> acknowledged her teachers, "Susan Anne Walker and Rosie Harris for singing, I danced at Bev Palmer's for a couple of years when I was younger and more recently have been doing some TV and film courses around Melbourne and Sydney." In the early 2000s, she contracted glandular fever, which resulted in chronic fatigue syndrome, "I think with hindsight I hadn't found my place in the world and I didn't know what life was going to look like and actually, just as I was recovering, I was cast in Grease." Career

<mask> <mask>'s professional career began in 2005 in Grease: The Arena Spectacular, playing

masks:
Christie
" Whelan Browne
Rohan Browne
Christie Whelan Browne
Christine Whelan
Whelan
Browne
Whelan
Browne


title: Christie Whelan Browne

texts: The lead role of Man in the Chair was portrayed by Geoffrey Rush, while Whelan's then-boyfriend Rohan <mask> took the role of George. She played the title role in The Production Company's Sugar (September-October 2010), for which she was a Green Room Award nominee for Best Actress. Sugar is based on the 1959 film, Some Like It Hot, with Marily Monroe as Sugar "Kane" Kowalczyk. Whelan took the lead role of Clio/Kira in the musical, Xanadu (March 2011), which had her roller skating in a big top tent.She obtained the sought-after role over fellow actress/singer contenders, Natalie Bassingthwaighte, Ricki-Lee Coulter, Erika Heynatz, Margot Robbie and Holly Valance. She followed with the role of Erma in Anything Goes (July 2011). <mask> <mask> was a guest panellist on an episode of Spicks and Specks in June 2011 on ABC Television and on TV talk show, The Circle. She undertook the role of Kylie McDonald in the episode "Covert Aggression in Netball" of TV series Winners & Losers (March 2011). She appeared in Offspring Season 2, Episode 11 "Complications" (July 2011) as Jenny. Other TV credits include Leila Esperance in Miss Fisher's Murder Mysteries (March 2012) and Katarina in Conspiracy 365 (December 2012). She played Gwendolyn in The Importance of Being Earnest (November 2011–January 2012) for MTC.Cameron Woodhead of The Sydney Morning Herald felt despite the presence of Rush in the production, <mask>'s "piping Gwendolyn steals the show, from the subtle subversions of her flirting behind her mother's back, to the ritualised cattiness of her scene with Cecily" (portrayed by Emily Barclay). She played Philia in the Melbourne season of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (October 2012) opposite Rush for which she was nominated for a Green Room Award for Best Supporting Actress. <mask> <mask> starred in Eddie Perfect's updated version of Shane Warne: The Musical as

masks: Browne Whelan Browne Whelan Whelan Browne


title: Christie Whelan Browne

texts: Elizabeth Hurley for five shows at the Adelaide Cabaret Festival and two shows at Melbourne's Hamer Hall in June 2013. The actress portrayed Lina Lamont opposite <mask> as Don Lockwood in Singin' in the Rain in August for The Production Company at The State Theatre, Melbourne. Also in that year, she hosted the Helpmann Awards alongside Perfect, held at the Sydney Opera House. On TV she had an arc of four episodes in Network Ten's drama series Wonderland as Kristen. In 2014, <mask> <mask> took the role of Janet Weiss in the 40th anniversary tour of The Rocky Horror Show.Lead actor Craig McLachlan portrayed Frank-N-Furter, reprising his role from 1992 Australian production. In 2015, she played the role of Olivia Newton John in the TV miniseries, Peter Allen: Not the Boy Next Door on the Seven Network. The actress provided a cameo in House Husbands as an inappropriate dance teacher. She starred in another one-woman show Pure Blonde, written by Bryant and Frank, which played at the 2015 Adelaide Cabaret Festival. Her portrayal of Eileen Evergreen in The Production Company's Nice Work If You Can Get It (August 2015) was described by Katie Purvis of AussieTheatre.com as displaying, "considerable comic chops." <mask> <mask> appeared in the first season of The Wrong Girl (September–November 2016) as Nikkii Steadman for Network 10. She portrayed Sacha in another romantic comedy film, Spin Out (September 2016); alongside Lincoln Lewis.Greg King's review of Spin Out determined, "[<mask> <mask> and Lewis] are wasted in thankless roles as a couple of city slickers who rock up to the ute muster looking for a bit of excitement, and find themselves bemused by some of the bizarre rituals at play here. But their characters mainly exist to draw some humour out of the old city versus country rivalry." She portrayed one of the Pigeon sisters in MTC's production of The Odd Couple. from

masks: Browne Whelan Browne Whelan Browne Whelan Browne


title: Christie Whelan Browne

texts:
 November 2016, and as Billie Dawn in its 2017 production of Born Yesterday. In 2018, she played Olivia in Simon Phillips' production of Shakespeare's Twelfth Night at the MTC. In both 2020 and 2021 she played Rosalind in As You Like It at the MTC with Phillips directing. In 2018, <mask> <mask> appeared as herself in the comedy film That's Not My Dog!.<mask> <mask> joined the cast of Neighbours as Scarlett Brady in June 2019, which was broadcast in September. She reprised the role the following year. The actress joined the ensemble cast of the comedy news television program Shaun Micallef's Mad as Hell in 2019, and continued with the show in 2020 and 2021. She also appeared in the 2020 web series Loving Captivity. Personal life

<mask> and her then-boyfriend Rohan <mask> first appeared on stage together in The Drowsy Chaperone from January 2010. In March 2012 <mask> and <mask> married and she changed her surname to <mask> <mask>. In July of that year they performed together at The Production Company's The Producers, in which she played Ulla opposite <mask>'s Carmen Ghia.The couple have a child. In January 2018, <mask> <mask>, Heynatz and Angela Scundi made allegations of indecent assault by McLachlan, during the 2014 production of The Rocky Horror Show. At the end of the subsequent criminal trial, in December 2020, McLachlan was found not guilty of all charges. McLachlan had filed defamation suits against <mask> <mask> and the reporting media (ABC and Fairfax) in February 2018. However, the trial for these suits was postponed pending the related criminal trial, in October 2021 the presiding judge announced the defamation trial was expected in April 2022 or later. Filmography

Theatre roles

External links

References

1982 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Australian television actresses
Australian musical theatre actresses
Australian women

masks: Whelan Browne Whelan Browne Whelan Browne Whelan Browne Whelan Browne Browne Whelan Browne Whelan Browne


title: Edward J. Ruppelt

texts:
<mask> (July 17, 1923 – September 15, 1960) was a United States Air Force officer probably best known for his involvement in Project Blue Book, a formal governmental study of unidentified flying objects. He is generally credited with coining the term "unidentified flying object", to replace the terms "flying saucer" and "flying disk" - which had become widely known - because the military thought them to be "misleading when applied to objects of every conceivable shape and performance. For this reason the military prefers the more general, if less colorful, name: unidentified flying objects. UFO (pronounced "Yoo-foe") for short." <mask> was the director of Project Grudge from late 1951 until it became Project Blue Book in March 1952; he remained with Blue Book until late 1953. UFO researcher <mask> writes, "Most observers of Blue Book agree that the Ruppelt years comprised the project's golden age, when investigations were most capably directed and conducted. Ruppelt was open-minded about UFOs, and his investigators were not known, as Grudge's were, for force-fitting explanations on cases."Biography

Early life and career
Ruppelt was born and raised in Iowa. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps during World War II in 1942, and served with distinction as a decorated bombardier: he was awarded "five battle stars, two theater combat ribbons, three Air Medals, and two Distinguished Flying Crosses". After the war, Ruppelt was released into the Army reserves. He attended Iowa State College where, in 1951, he earned a Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering. Shortly after finishing his education, Ruppelt was called back to active military duties after the Korean War began. He was assigned to the Air

masks:
Edward James Ruppelt
Ruppelt
Jerome Clark


title: Edward J. Ruppelt

texts:
 Technical Intelligence Center headquartered at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. With Blue Book
When Project Grudge was ordered dissolved, Project Blue Book was developed to replace it.Lt. Col. N. R. Rosengarten asked Ruppelt to take over as the new project's leader, partly because Ruppelt "had a reputation as a good organizer", and had helped get other wayward projects back on track. Though he was initially scheduled to stay with Blue Book for only a few months, when Project Grudge was reorganized in late 1951 and renamed Project Blue Book, <mask> (then a captain) was kept on as director. Ruppelt wrote that the Air Force's initial approach to the UFO question "was tackled with organized confusion." In defending General Samford's press conference on 29 July 1952, immediately after the big UFO flap at Washington National Airport, Ruppelt wrote that "his [Samford's] people had fouled up in not fully investigating the sightings." Astronomer and Blue Book consultant J. Allen Hynek thought that Ruppelt did his best, only to see his efforts stymied. Hynek wrote "In my contacts with [Ruppelt] I found him to be honest and seriously puzzled about the whole phenomenon". After Blue Book
Ruppelt requested reassignment from Blue Book in late 1953 shortly after the Robertson Panel issued its conclusions (based partly on the panel's official report, Ruppelt's Blue Book staff was reduced from more than ten personnel to three, including Ruppelt).He retired from the Air Force not long afterwards, then worked in the aerospace industry. In 1956, he worked as a research engineer for Northrop Aircraft Company, according to publisher information in the online version of his 1956 book The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects.


title: Edward J. Ruppelt

texts:
 reason for the change. Was it actually an attempt to go underground - to make the project more secretive?"In what the Eldora Herald Ledger referred to as a sudden death, Ruppelt succumbed to a heart attack on September 15, 1960, at the age of 37. He was survived by mother Mrs Bessie <mask>, wife Elizabeth Anne, and daughters aged 9 and 4. References

Notes

Bibliography

 Clark, <mask>. The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink, 1998. .
 Hoyt, Diana Palmer. "UFOCRITIQUE: UFOs, Social Intelligence and the Condon Committee". Master's Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, 2000.Hynek, J. Allen. The UFO Experience: A Scientific Inquiry. Chicago, Illinois: Henry Regenery Company, 1972. <mask>, David Michael. The UFO Controversy In America. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1975. .
 <mask>, <mask>. The Report On Unidentified Flying Objects.New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1956, First Edition; London: Victor Gollancz, 1956. 2nd, expanded edition New York: Ballantine, 1960. Tulien, Thomas. Proceedings of the Sign Historical Group UFO History Workshop. Scotland, Connecticut: The Sign Historical Group, November 2001. External links

1923 births
1960 deaths
Ufologists
American UFO writers
United States Army Air Forces personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
United States Air Force officers
People from Iowa
Military personnel from Iowa
Iowa State University alumni
American aerospace engineers
United States Army Air Forces officers
Recipients of the Air Medal
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American engineers
United States Army reservists
United States Air Force personnel of the

masks:
Ruppelt
Jerome
Jacobs
Ruppelt
Edward J


title: Nancy Davidson (artist)

texts:
<mask> is an American artist best known for large-scale inflatable sculptures regarded as hyper-feminized abstractions of the human female form. Bulbous and flesh-like, the sculptures resemble buttocks and breasts and employ erotic cultural signifiers in their shape and decoration. <mask>'s work spans art media but centers around sculpture. It is largely post-minimal in character and described by commentators as providing a feminist counterpoint to the male-dominated, minimalist sculpture of the 1960s, as well as to cultural tropes involving bodies that the works themselves invoke. Of particular note are <mask>'s use of humor and a sense of absurdity to seemingly both celebrate and subvert these tropes, inviting their investigation but without the seriousness and moralism that often accompany critical works. Sculpture Magazine critic Robert Raczka wrote that "The confectionary color and oversize scale" of <mask>'s sculpture creates a "playfully upbeat mood that allows feminist and gender issues to rise to the surface at irregular intervals, without didacticism." The New Art Examiner's Susan Canning described it as establishing "a context where all can revel in the transgressive and liberating power of the grotesque."<mask>’s work has also been covered in the New York Times, Artforum, Art in America and Der Spiegel, among other publications, and recognized with a Guggenheim Fellowship, Pollock-Krasner and Creative Capital grants, and an Anonymous Was a Woman Award, among others. She lives and works in New York City. Life and career
Born and raised in Chicago, <mask> was involved in art from an early age, observing her father paint landscapes and later, attending classes at Chicago's Junior Art Institute. After receiving a bachelor's degree in education in 1965 and beginning a lifelong, concurrent career in teaching, she studied art at the University of Illinois at Chicago and

masks:
Nancy Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson
Davidson


title: Nancy Davidson (artist)

texts:
 the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, earning a BFA and MFA, respectively. In 1975, she launched her professional art career in Chicago, producing paintings and drawings for several group and solo exhibitions before moving to New York in 1979. These early pieces, chosen for exhibition at Chicago's Art Institute and Museum of Contemporary Art as well as at the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, were positively reviewed in Artforum and Art in America. After relocating to New York, she began using textiles in her work and showed steadily throughout the 1980s—in group shows at the MCA and Albright-Knox Art Gallery, and in solo exhibitions, mainly at Chicago's Marianne Deson Gallery.In the early 1990s, <mask>'s artwork shifted toward sculpture and she began creating the large balloon displays for which she is best known. Following this shift, her works were selected for group exhibits at the Whitney Museum, Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art and Corcoran Gallery of Art, and appeared in solo shows at the Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia (1999) and Contemporary Arts Center (2001) in Cincinnati, among other venues; she also appeared in the well-known feminist exhibition, "Bad Girls West" (1994). <mask> branched out into other media during this period, including video and photography. Over the next two decades, she had solo shows at Robert Miller Gallery (2001), Betty Cuningham Gallery (2012), the Boca Raton Museum of Art (2013) and the Krannert Art Museum (2020–1). Concurrent with her professional art career, <mask> taught at a number of institutions, including University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Williams College, and State University of New York at Purchase College, where she completed a 24-year tenure. Work
In her first two decades, <mask> worked primarily in painting, frottage drawing, and with textiles. In the early 1990s, she began experimenting with latex

masks: Davidson Davidson Davidson Davidson


title: Nancy Davidson (artist)

texts: weather balloons, and by 1993 had begun showing the feminized, anthropomorphic sculptures for which she became known.Her exhibitions are traditional in the sense that they contain discreet works, but she often displays the works in tableaux or as part of an immersive environment, in the manner of installation art. <mask>'s sculpture is said to draw on work by sculptors Donald Judd and Eva Hesse and she has cited them as influences, together with literary figures Mikhail Bakhtin and Jeanette Winterson. Her work has also been called "Rabelaisian," after French writer François Rabelais, whose writings enacted social critique through their satirical use of bawdy humor and the grotesque. The subject matter and materials used—together with the size and minimal character of the pieces—have led commentators to describe <mask>'s work as a markedly feminist response to the masculine, minimalist sculpture of the 1960s. While <mask>'s sculptures echo these works in scale and level of abstraction, their soft pliability, light weight and ebullient femininity stand in sharp contrast with the rigid and heavy, sober works cast in steel and concrete by the artist's predecessors. <mask> has confirmed the intentionality of this contrast in interviews, stating that she designed one of her largest pieces, Double Exposure (2003), to be a feminine counterpoint to artist Ronald Bladen's giant "X" sculpture (The X, 1965), which, in 1967, occupied the same atrium space at the Corcoran Gallery of Art for which <mask>'s piece was commissioned. Critics also see a subversive feminist ethos in the way <mask>'s art employs cultural tropes involving bodies and desirability, noting that any subversion is achieved subtly.Art in America'''s Travis Diehl wrote that "[<mask>'s] work is light and playful, as well as genuinely erotic, which makes our involvement with it more experiential than intellectual. Her sly

masks: Davidson Davidson Davidson Davidson Davidson Davidson Davidson


title: Nancy Davidson (artist)

texts:
 seduction shows us to be objectifiers as well as objectified, illuminating our roles as both accomplices and victims." Brightly colored, large, and bearing references to pop-culture icons like Elvis Presley and Mae West, the sculptures appear to celebrate the exaggerated forms of culturally idealized bodies while simultaneously undermining the forces behind them. Artforum's David Frankel wrote, "there is a certain hilarity and even joyfulness in their comically rounded bulges and furrows, in their colors and fussy corsetry," further noting that <mask>'s work "examines the roles imposed on women in the theater of male expectation while also allowing a space for women to act in that theater without being limited by it—in effect, by taking over the play." Humor, limitation and the transcendence of limitation are common themes in her art, and the artist has cited the latter—which she calls "unruliness"—as being a key inspiration to her work. Early balloon sculptures
<mask>'s work spans multiple art disciplines but she is best known for large, inflatable abstract sculptures that erotically reference the human female form.Smith, Roberta. "Judy Ledgerwood: 'April Showers,'" The New York Times, June 23, 2011.Retrieved February 2, 2021. Fashioned from latex weather balloons, the works have a bulbous, fleshy appearance and are seen as hyper-feminized abstractions of erogenous body parts—a visual interpretation reinforced by <mask>'s use of fishnet lace, rope, and other culturally eroticized textiles to adorn, constrict and shape the tautly inflated forms.Debord, M. "US Shorts," Artforum, September, 1999. Retrieved February 2, 2021. One early configuration involved constricting single balloons with a corset and featured bifurcated bulges on both top and bottom, mimicking the curves of buttocks and breasts. This design gave rise to several works and the artist—as well as critics—began

masks: Davidson Davidson Davidson


title: Nancy Davidson (artist)

texts:
 referring to the corseted pieces collectively as "lulus," after a 1993 triad with that name. Other lulu-type pieces include Maebe (1994) and Blue Moon (1998), which reference Mae West and Elvis Presley, respectively.Clement, Douglas. "The Female Identity, Discussed in Art," The New York Times, April 1, 2016.Retrieved February 2, 2021. Blue Moon (1998) was included in the group show, "Sculpture-Figure-Woman" (Landesgalerie, 1998) which originated in Linz, Austria and travelled to Chemnitz, Germany; the piece was subsequently featured in Der Spiegel magazine. <mask>'s stable of undergarment-clad works also include the egg-like Netella (1998), as well as Buttress (1998) and Dulcinea (1999)—two pillar-like stack sculptures over fifteen feet high. As with Lulu, <mask> revisited Buttress, reprising it with the similar but distinct, bright green Stacked in 2016.McMahon, Katherine. "Scenes From NADA Miami Beach, Part 1," ARTnews, December 2, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2021. Hang 'Em High (1999), was nearly twenty feet square and featured side-by-side red spheres veiled by netting and hung by a rope, which also bound the piece vertically at the center.The latex period also saw the introduction of a recurrent, literal "gaze" theme in <mask>'s sculpture, by way of spherical forms that overtly reference the human eye. In her 1998–9 piece, Carnivaleyes, twelve fabric-wrapped pairs of eyes form a wall, their gazes askance. In 2001, she created a twelve-by-fifteen-foot-square installation at the Contemporary Arts Center that featured a mound of cartoonish eye pairs presented with an immersive sound element. In her 2017 piece, Eyeenvy, a 14-ft-high eyeball looks down on viewers from atop a four-legged platform. Later sculpture
In the early 2000s, <mask> began using vinyl-coated nylon as a primary sculpture material. The Corcoran Gallery commissioned <mask> in 2002 to create a piece for its

masks: Davidson Davidson Davidson Davidson Davidson