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 by the Lexington police." The film depicts "scenes from the 1971 Winter Soldier hearings, during which former G.I.s testified about "atrocities" they either participated in or said they had witnessed committed by U.S. forces in Vietnam. <mask> also took part in the 1971 May Day protests (with among others Noam Chomsky and Daniel Ellsberg).In later years, <mask> was an adviser to the Disarm Education Fund. Iraq

<mask> opposed the 2003 invasion and occupation of Iraq and wrote several books about it. In an interview with The Brooklyn Rail he said, We certainly should not be initiating a war, as it's not a clear and present danger to the United States, or in fact, to anyone around it. If it were, then the states around Iraq would be calling for a war on it. The Arab states around Iraq are opposed to the war, and if anyone's in danger from Iraq, they are. At the same time, the U.S. is violating the U.N. charter by initiating a war on Iraq. Bush made a big deal about the number of resolutions Iraq has violated—and it's true, Iraq has not abided by the resolutions of the Security Council.But it's not the first nation to violate Security Council resolutions. Israel has violated Security Council resolutions every year since 1967. Now, however, the U.S. is violating a fundamental principle of the U.N. Charter, which is that nations can't initiate a war—they can only do so after being attacked. And Iraq has not attacked us. He asserted that the U.S. would end Gulf War II when resistance within the military increased in the same way resistance within the military contributed to ending the U.S. war in Vietnam. <mask> compared the demand by a


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 growing number of contemporary U.S. military families to end the war in Iraq to parallel demands "in the Confederacy in the Civil War, when the wives of soldiers rioted because their husbands were dying and the plantation owners were profiting from the sale of cotton, refusing to grow grains for civilians to eat." <mask> believed that U.S. President George W. Bush and followers of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the former leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq, who was personally responsible for beheadings and numerous attacks designed to cause civil war in Iraq, should be considered moral equivalents.Jean-Christophe Agnew, Professor of History and American Studies at Yale University, told the Yale Daily News in May 2007 that <mask>'s historical work is "highly influential and widely used". He observed that it is not unusual for prominent professors such as <mask> to weigh in on current events, citing a resolution opposing the war in Iraq that was recently ratified by the American Historical Association. Agnew added: "In these moments of crisis, when the country is split—so historians are split." Socialism
<mask> described himself as "something of an anarchist, something of a socialist. Maybe a democratic socialist." He suggested looking at socialism in its full historical context as a popular, positive idea that got a bad name from its association with Soviet Communism. In Madison, Wisconsin, in 2009, <mask> said:

FBI files

On July 30, 2010, a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request resulted in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) releasing a file with 423 pages of information on <mask>'s life and activities.During the height of McCarthyism in

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 1949, the FBI first opened a domestic security investigation on <mask> (FBI File # 100-360217), based on <mask>'s activities in what the agency considered to be communist front groups, such as the American Labor Party, and informant reports that <mask> was an active member of the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA). <mask> denied ever being a member and said that he had participated in the activities of various organizations which might be considered Communist fronts, but that his participation was motivated by his belief that in this country people had the right to believe, think, and act according to their own ideals. According to journalist Chris Hedges, <mask> "steadfastly refused to cooperate in the anti-communist witchhunts in the 1950s." Later in the 1960s, as a result of <mask>'s campaigning against the Vietnam War and his communicating with Martin Luther King Jr. (prior to disavowing any communication with communists) the FBI designated him a high security risk to the country by adding him to the Security Index, a list of American citizens who could be summarily arrested if a state of emergency were to be declared. The FBI memos also show that they were concerned with <mask>'s repeated criticism of the FBI for failing to protect blacks against white mob violence. <mask>'s daughter said she was not surprised by the files; "He always knew they had a file on him." Personal life

<mask> married Roslyn Shechter in 1944.They remained married until her death in 2008. They had a daughter, Myla, and a son, Jeff. Myla is the wife of mindfulness instructor Jon Kabat-<mask>. <mask> was swimming in a hotel pool when he died of

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 an apparent heart attack in Santa Monica, California, on January 27, 2010, at age 87. He had been scheduled to speak at Crossroads School and Santa Monica Museum of Art for an event titled "A Collection of Ideas... the People Speak." In one of his last interviews, <mask> stated that he would like to be remembered "for introducing a different way of thinking about the world, about war, about human rights, about equality," and

for getting more people to realize that the power which rests so far in the hands of people with wealth and guns, that the power ultimately rests in people themselves and that they can use it. At certain points in history, they have used it.Black people in the South used it. People in the women's movement used it. People in the anti-war movement used it. People in other countries who have overthrown tyrannies have used it. He said he wanted to be known as "somebody who gave people a feeling of hope and power that they didn't have before." Notable recognition
2008 <mask> was selected as a special senior advisor to Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann, the president of the United Nations General Assembly 63rd session. Established by a former Boston University student of <mask>'s and two nonprofit organizations (Rethinking Schools and Teaching for Change) while he was alive, the Zinn Education Project is <mask>'s legacy to middle- and high-school teachers and their students.The project offers classroom teachers free lessons based on A People's History of the United States and like-minded history texts. Awards

In 1991 the Thomas Merton Center for Peace and Social Justice in Pittsburgh awarded <mask> the Thomas Merton Award

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 for his activism and work on national and international issues that transform our world. For his leadership in the Peace Movement, <mask> received the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award in 1996. In 1998 he received the Eugene V. Debs Award, the Firecracker Alternative Booksellers Award in the Politics category for The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy, and the Lannan Literary Award for nonfiction. The following year he won the Upton Sinclair Award, which honors those whose work illustrates an abiding commitment to social justice and equality. In 2003, <mask> was awarded the Prix des Amis du Monde diplomatique for the French version of his seminal work, Une histoire populaire des Etats-Unis. On October 5, 2006, <mask> received the Haven's Center Award for Lifetime Contribution to Critical Scholarship in Madison, Wisconsin.Controversy and critiques
In July 2013, the Associated Press revealed that Mitch Daniels, when he was the sitting Republican Governor of Indiana, asked for assurance from his education advisors that <mask>'s works were not taught in K–12 public schools in the state. The AP had gained access to Daniels' emails under a Freedom of Information Act request. Daniels also wanted a "cleanup" of K–12 professional development courses to eliminate "propaganda and highlight (if there is any) the more useful offerings." In one of the emails, Daniels expressed contempt for <mask> upon his death:

At the time the emails were released, Daniels was serving as the president of Purdue University. In response, 90 Purdue professors issued an open letter expressing their concern. Because of Daniels' attempt to

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 remove <mask>'s book, the former governor was accused of censorship, to which Daniels responded by saying that his views were misrepresented, and that if <mask> were alive and a member of the Purdue faculty, he would defend his free speech rights and right to publish. But he said that would not give <mask> an "entitlement to have that work foisted on school children in public schools."Stanford education professor Sam Wineburg has publicly criticized <mask>'s research. Reviewing a critique by Wineburg, reviewer David Plotnikoff credits Wineburg for showing that "A People's History perpetrates the same errors of historical practice as the tomes it aimed to correct," for "<mask>'s desire to cast a light on what he saw as historic injustice was a crusade built on secondary sources of questionable provenance, omission of exculpatory evidence, leading questions and shaky connections between evidence and conclusions," for which he provides many examples. Daniel J. Flynn, an author and columnist at The American Spectator, likewise charges <mask> with presenting biased history. Michael Kazin, professor at Georgetown University, also faults <mask>, stating that "A People's History is bad history, albeit gilded with virtuous intentions. Zinn reduces the past to a Manichean fable." In early 2017, Arkansas Representative Kim Hendren (R) submitted a "Bill introduced to ban <mask>'s books from Arkansas public schools." Bibliography

Author
LaGuardia in Congress (1959; based on his 1958 Ph.D. dissertation Fiorello LaGuardia in Congress) .The Southern Mystique (1962) . SNCC: The New Abolitionists (1964) . New Deal Thought (editor) (1965) . Vietnam:

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 The Logic of Withdrawal (1967) . Disobedience and Democracy: Nine Fallacies on Law and Order (1968, re-issued 2002) . The Politics of History (1970) (2nd edition 1990) . The Pentagon Papers Senator Gravel Edition.Vol. Five. Critical Essays. Boston. Beacon Press, 1972. 341p. plus 72p.of Index to Vol. I–IV of the Papers, Noam Chomsky, <mask>, editors. .
Justice in Everyday Life: The Way It Really Works (Editor) (1974) . Justice? Eyewitness Accounts (1977) . A People's History of the United States: 1492 – Present (1980), revised (1995)(1998)(1999)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2010) . Playbook by Maxine Klein, Lydia Sargent and <mask> (1986) . Declarations of Independence: Cross-Examining American Ideology (1991) .A People's History of the United States: The Civil War to the Present Kathy Emery and Ellen Reeves, <mask> (2003 teaching edition) Vol. I: . Vol II: . Failure to Quit: Reflections of an Optimistic Historian (1993) . You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train: A Personal History of Our Times (autobiography)(1994)
A People's History of the United States: The Wall Charts by <mask> and George Kirschner (1995) . Hiroshima: Breaking the Silence (pamphlet, 1995) . The Zinn Reader: Writings on Disobedience and Democracy (1997) ; 2nd edition (2009) .The Cold War & the University: Toward an Intellectual History of the Postwar Years (Noam Chomsky (Editor) Authors: Ira Katznelson, R. C. Lewontin, David Montgomery, Laura Nader, Richard Ohmann, Ray Siever, Immanuel Wallerstein, <mask> (1997) . Marx in Soho: A Play on History (1999) . The Future of History: Interviews With David Barsamian (1999) . <mask> on War (2000) . <mask> on History (2000) . La Otra

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 Historia De Los Estados Unidos (2000) . Three Strikes: Miners, Musicians, Salesgirls, and the Fighting Spirit of Labor's Last Century (Dana Frank, Robin Kelley, and <mask>) (2002) .Terrorism and War (2002) . (interviews, Anthony Arnove (Ed.)) The Power of Nonviolence: Writings by Advocates of Peace Editor (2002) . Emma: A Play in Two Acts About Emma Goldman, American Anarchist (2002) . Artists in Times of War (2003) . The 20th century: A People's History (2003) . A People's History of the United States: Teaching Edition Abridged (2003 updated) .Passionate Declarations: Essays on War and Justice (2003) . Iraq Under Siege, The Deadly Impact of Sanctions and War, co-author (2003)
<mask> On Democratic Education Donaldo Macedo, Editor (2004) . The People Speak: American Voices, Some Famous, Some Little Known (2004) . Voices of a People's History of the United States (with Anthony Arnove, 2004) ; 2nd edition (2009) . A People's History of the Civil War: Struggles for the Meaning of Freedom by David Williams, <mask> (Series Editor) (2005) . A Power Governments Cannot Suppress (2006) . Original Zinn: Conversations on History and Politics (2006) <mask> and David Barsamian.A People's History of American Empire (2008) by <mask>, Mike Konopacki and Paul Buhle. .
A Young People's History of the United States, adapted from the original text by Rebecca Stefoff; illustrated and updated through 2006, with new introduction and afterword by <mask>; two volumes, Seven Stories Press, New York, 2007. Vol. 1: Columbus to the Spanish–American War. .
Vol. 2: Class Struggle to the War on Terror. .
One-volume edition (2009) . The Bomb (City Lights Publishers,

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 2010) . The Historic Unfulfilled Promise (City Lights Publishers, 2012) . <mask> Speaks: Collected Speeches 1963-2009 (Haymarket Books, 2012) .Truth Has a Power of Its Own: Conversations About A People's History by <mask> and Ray Suarez (The New Press, 2019) . Contributor
Ars Americana Ars Politica: Partisan Expression in Contemporary American Literature and Culture. by Peter Swirski (2010) . Admirable Radical: Staughton Lynd and Cold War Dissent, 1945–1970 (2010), Kent State University Press by Carl Mirra . A Gigantic Mistake by Mickey Z (2004) . A People's History of the Supreme Court by Peter H. Irons (2000) . A Political Dynasty In North Idaho, 1933–1967 by Randall Doyle (2004) .American Political Prisoners: Prosecutions Under the Espionage and Sedition Acts by Stephen M. Kohn (1994) . American Power and the New Mandarins by Noam Chomsky (2002) . Broken Promises Of America: At Home And Abroad, Past And Present: An Encyclopedia For Our Times by (Douglas F. Dowd (2004) . Deserter From Death: Dispatches From Western Europe 1950–2000 by Daniel Singer (2005) . Ecocide of Native America: Environmental Destruction of Indian Lands and Peoples by Donald Grinde, Bruce Johansen (1994) . Eugene V. Debs Reader: Socialism and the Class Struggle by William A. Pelz (2000) . From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985–1995 by Ward Churchill (1996) .Green Parrots: A War Surgeon's Diary by Gino Strada (2005) . Hijacking Catastrophe: 9/11, Fear And The Selling Of American Empire by Sut Jhally editor, Jeremy Earp editor (2004) . If You're Not a Terrorist...Then Stop Asking Questions! by Micah Ian Wright (2004) . Iraq: The Logic of

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 American Revolution by Ray Raphael (2002) . <mask> Foreword for New Press People's History Series. Recordings
A People's History of the United States (1999)
Artists in the Time of War (2002)
Heroes & Martyrs: Emma Goldman, Sacco & Vanzetti, and the Revolutionary Struggle (2000)
Stories Hollywood Never Tells (2000)
You Can't Blow Up A Social Relationship, CD including Zinn lectures and performances by rock band Resident Genius (Thick Records, 2005)

Theatre
Emma (1976)
Daughter of Venus (1985)
Marx in Soho (1999)

See also
 List of peace activists

References

Further reading
 Duberman, Martin. <mask>: A Life on the Left. (The New Press, 2012). Ellis, Deb and Mueller, Denis.<mask>: You Can't Be Neutral on a Moving Train. (film 2004)
 . Retrieved 2010-03-09. Greenberg, David. "Agit-Prof: <mask>'s influential mutilations of American history", The New Republic March 19, 2013
 Joyce, Davis D. <mask>: A Radical American Vision. (Prometheus Books, 2003). Lynd, Staughton.Doing History from the Bottom Up; On E.P. Thompson, <mask>, and Rebuilding the Labor Movement from Below. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2014. Interviews
 2001 Interview with <mask> about A People's History of the United States, religion, and movies
 Interview with Guernica: a magazine of arts and politics. The Tavis Smiley Show: "<mask> and the Omissions of U.S. History", November 27, 2003, National Public Radio. An Interview with <mask> on Anarchism: Rebels Against Tyranny by AK Press
 "War is the Health of the State: An Interview with <mask>", By Paul Glavin & Chuck Morse, Perspectives on Anarchist Theory, Vol. 7, No.1, Spring 2003
 "A Great Faith in Human Beings." In Klin,

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 Richard and Lily Prince (photos), Something to Say: Thoughts on Art and Politics in America. (Leapfrog Press, 2011)

Obituaries
 Helene Atwan, director of Beacon Press on "The Loss of <mask>inn" January 29, 2010. <mask>, Historian, is Dead at 87, By Michael Powell, New York Times, January 28, 2010
 Obituary in the Oxonian Review

Videos
 The Legacy of <mask>  – video by Big Think
 <mask> on why there are no just wars: "Holy Wars" – video by Democracy

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<mask>, known by her stage name <mask>, is a Filipina actress and singer. After beginning her career in GMA in 2001, she transferred to its rival network, ABS-CBN, where she played mostly minor and supporting roles before returning to GMA in 2006. During the first two years of her second stint with GMA, she continued to play supporting roles in series such as Boys Nxt Door and Asian Treasures before landing a lead role in the television remake of the film Kaputol ng Isang Awit. She appeared in villain roles in the remakes of Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin and Stairway to Heaven, and on the musical series Diva before finally achieving leading lady status in the fantasy series Grazilda in 2010. In addition to her television appearances, she has also acted in a number of mainstream and independent films, including Sukob, Patikul, Batanes, and Still Life. She leads also in a top-rating primetime series called The Rich Man's Daughter. As a singer, <mask> has so far released four albums: Magbalik Ka, released in 2001, the self-titled Glaiza, released in 2006,  Synthesis, released in 2015, and Magandang Simulain, released in 2017.On April 4, 2016, <mask> <mask> was announced as she played the role of Pirena in the 2016 remake of Encantadia. Acting career

Early career: minor roles on television and in movies (2002–2006)

<mask> began her career with GMA-7 playing a minor role in the soap opera Ikaw Lang Ang Mamahalin. However, after only a few months with the company, she transferred to rival network ABS-CBN and became a contracted artist of Star Magic, the company's training ground for young talent. During her time in ABS-CBN, she continued to play

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 both supporting and minor roles, two of the most prominent being the role of Halley in the teen-oriented show, Berks. Between 2002 and 2005, she would only appear in films sporadically, playing bit parts in movies such as Singsing ni Lola (2002) and Miss Pinoy (2005). By 2006, she began to appear in films more frequently, with minor parts in the horror films Sukob and White Lady, as well as the Manny Pacquiao biographical film, Pacquiao: The Movie. Her most prominent film role during this point in her career was in the film adaptation of Carlo Vergara's graphic novel, Zsazsa Zaturnnah; the film was an entry to the 2006 Metro Manila Film Festival.Return to GMA and breakout roles (2006–2008)
After four years with ABS-CBN, <mask> returned to its rival GMA Network in 2006. One of her first roles back was as Honey on the fantasy-adventure series, Fantastikids, where she starred alongside Marky Cielo, Jackie Rice and Ryza Cenon, as well as former child star Paolo Contis and former beauty queen Melanie Marquez. The reception to the show was mostly warm; journalist Paul Daza of The Philippine Daily Inquirer compared it favorably to its counterpart on ABS-CBN (fantasy-drama anthology Komiks), and commented that, based on ratings, "it would seem like the new [GMA-7] stars are outshining the more established [ABS-CBN] performers." At this time, she also performed regularly on GMA's regular Sunday variety show, SOP Rules. In 2007, <mask> appeared in the afternoon teen drama Boys Nxt Door. The series has been dubbed in Malay on the Malaysian channel 8TV and became the first Filipino drama to air in South Korea, via KBS2. The second role was in the 2007

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texts: action-adventure series, Asian Treasures, GMA-7's most expensive show to date.<mask> played Clara, an expert on history and geography who would use this knowledge to help the main characters find the titular treasures. 2007 also saw her featured prominently in the independent film Still Life, a film written and directed by Katski Flores, about an artist stricken with a terminal illness who has traveled to an isolated island to paint his last work. In the film, <mask> plays Emma, a woman who relates her past to the main character. Her portrayal of Emma was noted by film critic Tito Valiente of Business Mirror as "one reason the short life on that island becomes very real." Valiente went on to note that <mask>'s character was "vulnerable but not whiny. Even in tears she conjures an image of a woman whose only way out of life is finding life in anything." The film was a finalist at that year's Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival, where <mask> received a Golden Screen Awards nomination in the Best Actress category.She also played a supporting role that year in the romantic film Batanes, alongside top GMA actress Iza Calzado, Taiwanese singer-actor Ken Chu, and Marky Cielo. The following year, 2008, she started shooting another independent film, Rakenrol. The film is based on director Quark Henares' views on growing up in the local rock scene, as well as his own personal experiences in starting a band. <mask> described the film, which was still in production as of March 2009, as "a lighter version of Almost Famous and "a fun, feel-good movie". In 2008, she played the lead role in the television adaptation of the 1991 film, Kaputol ng

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 Isang Awit. In the series, <mask> played Sarah Monteza a poor girl with a good voice but low self-esteem. <mask> herself would later go on to say that the role was her "biggest break" thus far.Career resurgence (2009–present)
After another supporting role in the television adaptation of comic-book writer Carlo J. Caparas' graphic novel Gagambino, <mask> once again landed a lead role on another television adaptation of a Filipino film, Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin opposite Patrick Garcia, Maxene Magalona, Jackie Rice and JC Tiuseco. In the series she played Gladys Andrada (a role originated by co-star Jackie Lou Blanco), the jealous, only biological child of Gilbert (played by Nonie Buencamino) and Clara Andrada (played by Blanco). Her portrayal was well-received; columnist Jason John Lim commented that while she knew she was breaking out of her comfort zone, "What she didn't know that she would also begin breaking the expectations of everybody." Right after Kung Aagawin Mo ang Lahat sa Akin, she played another supporting role on an episode of the drama anthology SRO Cinemaserye, which chronicled the life story of singer Eva Castillo (portrayed in this episode by Manilyn Reynes). Shortly thereafter, she landed another role in the Philippine remake of the widely popular Korean television drama, Stairway to Heaven, alongside Dingdong Dantes, Rhian Ramos and TJ Trinidad. She portrayed Eunice Manansala (serving as the counterpart for Han Yoori, played by actress Kim Tae-hee), the envious stepsister of Jodi Reyes (played by Rhian Ramos). To prepare for the role, <mask> watched the original series in order to attempt to get an idea of who her

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texts: character was as a person.<mask> also commented on the relative complexity of her character in this series compared to her character in Kung Aagawin Mo Ang Lahat Sa Akin: "Unlike my previous role, you don't know what is going on inside the mind of Eunice. What's going inside her head is really devious. She is subtle in her approach and very scheming... Despite being evil, she still has a heart and there's a reason she became a bad person. If she is stepping down on people, she is also being stepped on by other people. She also has to fulfill her needs and wants and she will do everything for the person she loves." As with her two previous major roles, her portrayal was also well received by critics; Jerry Donato of The Philippine Star, in particular, has gone so far to say that "So far, Glaiza has given her Korean counterpart a run for her money."In 2009, <mask> appeared in five films. In the first, the independent political thriller Benteshe replaced former StarStruck contestant and fellow GMA star Jewel Mische when the latter refused to film a sex scene she considered "beyond [her] moral standards". as directed by Mel Chionglo. The film was released in June 2009 and received mixed reviews, with Rito Asilo of the Philippine Daily Inquirer citing its thematic substance and Gomez's and Calzado's "insightful performances", while also going on to blast the film's "disparate stories", "incohesive feel and style", and sudden ending "in a convenient anticlimax". The second film was the horror movie Tarot, released on August 26. The film, about a girl who is able to predict the future through the use of tarot cards, was directed by Jun Lana and was


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texts: top-billed by Marian Rivera and Dennis Trillo. A third film, Ang Manghuhula, was released commercially in September (it had been shown at the Cinemanila International Film Festival the previous year).The film was directed by Paolo Herras and saw <mask> playing the daughter of Messina (played by Eula <mask>), a seer. The production was received warmly, with Noelani Torre of the Philippine Daily Inquirer noting its "fascinating subject matter", "colorful cast" and "visual richness and clarity". The fourth film <mask> starred in that year was the independent film Astig (international title: Squalor) alongside Sid Lucero, Edgar Allan Guzman, Arnold Reyes and Dennis Trillo (who also directed the film). In Astig, <mask> playing Elgine, a teenager afflicted with a sexually transmitted disease who eventually becomes the love interest of Trillo's character. The film, released in July of that year, was a critical and financial success, topping the box office in that year's Cinemalaya Film Festival, with a profit of P137,890.00. Darwin Chiong of GMANews.tv called the film's cinematography "remarkable" and praised the cast as a whole, saying, "The movie gathers an ensemble of actors that deliver in the acting department, even those in supporting roles like <mask> <mask> and Malou Crisologo." Her performance in this film earned her a nomination in the Best Supporting Actress Category at the 33rd Gawad Urian Awards.The fifth film was the sixth film under the Mano Po banner, subtitled A Mother's Love. The film, directed by Joel Lamangan and top-billed by Sharon Cuneta, Zsa Zsa Padilla, Heart Evangelista and Dennis Trillo, saw <mask> playing a younger version

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texts: of Cuneta's character, Melinda Uy. The film was released on December 25 and was an entry to that year's annual Metro Manila Film Festival. Her first project on GMA for 2010 was in another villain role in what was billed as the Philippines' first musical, comedy-drama series, Diva, which debuted on GMA Network on March 1, 2010 and ended on July 30 of that year. The show, which also starred Regine Velasquez, Mark Anthony <mask>, TJ Trinidad and singer Jaya and is partly based on the American movie trilogy High School Musical and the American television series Glee, saw <mask> playing the ambitious Tiffany, who is Lady's (Rufa Mae Quinto) assistant and soon-to-be a villainess to singer-actress Regine Velasquez's heroine Melody. After Diva, <mask> auditioned for and won the title role on the primetime fantasy series Grazilda. The show, a sequel to the Cinderella story, centers on Grazilda, who is in turn based on one of <mask>'s wicked stepsisters, Drizella.The plot revolves around Grazilda's banishment from her home world of Fantasia to the human world, where she suffers a fate similar to <mask>'s. The series, which premiered on September 13, 2010, also stars Geoff Eigenmann, Yasmien Kurdi, Jolina Magdangal and Cherie Gil, and marks <mask>'s first lead role in a primetime series. Prior to the show's debut, the actress was constantly quoted as being unable to believe her success; she had by then been accustomed to playing only villainous roles and expected to do so for the remainder of her career. The show was both a critical and commercial success, beating its rival show 1DOL by a margin of five points in the AGB Mega Manila ratings. In light of

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 the show's success, <mask>'s manager, Manny Valera, has decided to turn down any further villain roles on behalf of his talent in order to build her up as a lead star. On October 30, it was announced that <mask> would no longer be cast in the remake of the film Temptation Island and would instead be launched as a lead star in the 2011 remake of the 1992 film Aswang, produced by Regal Films with film director Topel Lee. But her lead role went to Lovi Poe instead.<mask> later played the major role in an epic drama Amaya, opposite Marian Rivera and Sid Lucero. In 2012, <mask> first appear on Tweets for My Sweet playing the role of Kimberly, the long lost daughter and a sister to Meg which is portrayed by Marian Rivera and on the 3rd Quarter of the year she was chosen to be cast on the Philippine adaptation of Temptation of Wife, playing the role of Heidi which is originally by Alessandra <mask> when she declined the role. In 2013, <mask> will co-star Vampire Ang Daddy Ko which is top billed by Vic Sotto and Oyo Boy Sotto. In 2015, another major role has landed to <mask>'s career. She played the role of Althea Guevarra in the hit TV lesbian series, "The Rich Man's Daughter" alongside Rhian Ramos. In 2016, she played the role of Pirena in the hit Telefantasya, "Encantadia" originally by Sunshine Dizon. In 2017, she reprised the role in the series Mulawin vs. Ravena.In March 2018, she took on the title role in the revenge series Contessa. Other works
In March 2016, <mask> was part of UN Women's Safe Cities Program, a program that aims to increase the awareness and stop street harassment and sexual violence against women in public spaces. As part of

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 the program, <mask> was part of Quezon City's campaign against sexual harassment. Music
<mask> has so far released four albums. The first one, titled Magbalik Ka, was released under XAX Music Entertainment, in 2001, when she was thirteen. Five years later, she released a second album, the self-entitled Glaiza, this time released under Dyna Records. The latter album, described by <mask> herself as "more defined" compared to her first album, comprises pop and R&B songs, and contains mostly original content except for three tracks: a cover of Joey Albert's song "How Can I Make You See", as well as a Tagalog version (titled "Paano"), and an English version of Dingdong Avanzado's "Basta't Kasama Kita".When asked why it took her half a decade to release a second album, <mask> explained that after the first album was completed, she did not renew her contract with the record company and instead focused on her television career. In June 2008, Glaiza was officially launched, two years after the album was released. In 2015, <mask> launched her third, self-produced album Synthesis. She did mall shows to promote this album. It was her most successful album so far. In 2017, <mask> <mask> released her fourth album under PolyEast Records titled Magandang Simulain. After its release, <mask> mounted a concert to promote the songs under this album.The concert was held at the Music Museum. <mask> received critical acclaim for her in-character covers of the Asin songs "Himig ng Pag-ibig" and "Pagbabalik" when she played anti-dictatorship activist Cecilia Flores-Oebanda in the 2018 film Liway. Moviegoers were noted to be so emotional during the film that they often

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de Castro
De Castro
De Castro
De Castro
De Castro
Glaiza
De Castro
De Castro
De Castro


title: Glaiza de Castro

texts:
 clapped in the cinemas after being moved by <mask>'s performance, both in terms of acting and in performing the songs. Public image
Despite gaining wider recognition for her roles as a villain in Kung Aagawin Mo Ang Lahat Sa Akin and Stairway to Heaven, <mask> has reportedly had qualms about portraying a villain again in future projects. Of this, she commented, "I don't want to be typecast as an antagonist forever because it's difficult to get rid of that sort of image." However, she has expressed preference for antagonist roles over "sexy" roles. She later retracted this statement, saying that she "didn't think [she'd] get typecast because [she] plays different kinds of women each time" and explained this by saying, "The stories are different, so [her] characters' [motivations] are also different."Although she had, in the past, considered posing for magazines such as FHM "for instant fame and fortune", she eventually decided against it and opted to hone her craft as a serious actress, saying, "I just want to start on the right foot by focusing more on acting than diverting my attention to other interests. I want to become an actress and to show what I can do." She has also expressed interest in playing "out-of-the-box and extreme roles", in the vein of Natalie Portman in V for Vendetta and Charlize Theron in Monster. In 2008, she spoke of her preference for independent film, commenting in Taglish, "As for me, I feel fulfilled in indie films. I'm given roles in indie projects that are heavier compared to the mainstream. And I'm rarely offered roles in mainstream [films] anyway." Advocacy and political positions

<mask> is known as a Women’s

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De Castro
De Castro
De Castro


title: Glaiza de Castro

texts:
 Rights and Protection Advocate, having won a Media People's Choice Award for her advocacy in 2017.After performing the role of anti-Marcos activist Cecilia Flores-Oebanda in 2018, <mask> has spoken against historical negationism regarding the Philippines' martial law era, which was the setting of the film. She agreed that it was a polarizing topic, but said that Filipino youth need to be “made more aware of it, because it’s important to know history and learn from it. It’s necessary for everyone’s growth.” In 2020, she participated in activities denouncing the then newly-signed Anti-Terrorism Act of 2020, joining numerous artists in reciting Charlie Chaplin's final speech in the film The Great Dictator, as translated into Filipino by writer Rody Vera. Personal life
She also maintained a close friendship with consistent on-screen partner Marky Cielo for a significant part of the latter's career until his death in 2008. In the wake of her friend's death, <mask> recounted an exchange she had the day before Cielo died: she told Cielo about a dream she had about him and Rich Asuncion; according to her, Cielo had other people tell him they had dreams about him, which he took to be an omen of death. Filmography

Film

Television

Discography

Albums
Magbalik Ka (2001)
Glaiza (2006)
Synthesis (2015)
Magandang Simulain (2017)

Synthesis soundtrack
 "Dusk 'til Dawn"
 "Sayo Pa Rin"
 "Country Tree"
 "Waiting Shed"
 "Pag-ikot"
 "Makaturok"
 "Barcelona"
 "Memo"

Magandang Simulain soundtrack
 "Ganti"
 "Itanong Mo sa Mga Bata"
 "Dukha"
 "London"
 "Bato sa Buhangin"
 "Sinta"
 "Ang Himig Natin"
 "Magandang Simulain"

Singles

Concerts

Poetry books

Awards and

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De Castro


title: Rutger von Ascheberg

texts:
Count <mask> (2 June 1621 – 17 April 1693), also known as <mask> was a soldier, officer and civil servant in Swedish service, being appointed Lieutenant General in 1670, General in 1674, Field Marshal in 1678, Governor General of the Scanian provinces, in 1680, and Royal Councilor in 1681. Biography
<mask> was born on the estate Berbonen (Perbohnen) in Courland (today part of Latvia) on 2 June 1621. He was of an old Westphalian family that had emigrated to Courland in the 16th century. His parents were <mask> and <mask>. Thirty Years' War
At the age of 13 he served as page for Colonel Brink of the Swedish army fighting in the Thirty Years' War in Germany. He was present at a number of major battles, including the Battle of Nördlingen in 1634. In 1639 he left the army for studies in France.At the age of 19 he was drafted to a Hessian cavalry regiment in Swedish service. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Wolfenbüttel 1641. In the Battle of Breitenfeld in 1642 he was wounded and captured by the enemy, but later rescued. During the remaining part of the Thirty Years' War, Ascheberg fought under Field Marshals Lennart Torstenson and Carl Gustaf Wrangel. He distinguished himself on a number of occasions and was made Cornet in 1644, Captain Lieutenant in 1645 and Rittmeister in 1646. After the peace was settled in 1648, Ascheberg remained in Germany. He held a position as bailiff 1651–1655.In 1655, he was offered a position as Lieutenant Colonel and command of a regiment within the Swedish army, which prepared for a war against Poland-Lithuania. Second Northern War (1655–1660)
The war, known as the Second Northern War, initially took place in Poland-Lithuania. Ascheberg proved to be successful during the

masks:
Rutger von Ascheberg
Roger von Asberg
Ascheberg
Wilhelm von Ascheberg
Margaretha von der Osten


title: Rutger von Ascheberg

texts:
 campaign. In March 1656. after capturing the city of Jarosław, Ascheberg was promoted Colonel. In July of the same year, he attended the Battle of Warsaw. He commanded the Swedish forces in the Battle of Chojnice (Konitz), in which he was highly successful according to some sources. As a token of his appreciation, Swedish king Charles X Gustav gave <mask> a rapier he had used in battle.<mask> also received valuable jewellery and an estate in Prussia. Denmark attacked Swedish dominions in Germany in 1657. This meant that the Swedish army, including the forces under Ascheberg's command, left Poland to instead engage their Danish enemy. In 1658, Ascheberg spearheaded the March across the Belts as the Swedish army marched across the ices of Little Belt and Great Belt in order to reach the Danish island of Zealand. He narrowly escaped being caught when the enemy under Frederick William of Brandenburg and Polish commander Stefan Czarniecki attacked Sønderborg in December 1658. In February 1659, he was badly wounded during the assault on Copenhagen. After spending 10 weeks abed, a recovered <mask> returned to the battlefield in time to be in charge of the conquest of the island Møn in May 1659.He remained on the island until the war ended in 1660. Promotions and knighting
In 1664, <mask> was promoted to Major General and in 1665, he took part when Field Marshal Wrangel led Swedish troops to the German city of Bremen during the conflict between Sweden and Bremen. He returned to Sweden when the conflict was settled. In 1670 he reached the rank of Lieutenant General and in 1673, he was declared Freiherr of the estate Kastellgården outside Kungälv. In 1674 he was promoted to General. Scanian War (1675–1679)
In the

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von Ascheberg
von Ascheberg
von Ascheberg
Ascheberg


title: Rutger von Ascheberg

texts:
 Scanian War, Ascheberg first was responsible for the defence of Bohuslän against attacks from Norway. His force won a battle close to Kviström.He left Bohuslän for Scania and acted as commander in a number of battles, often alongside king Charles XI. He distinguished himself at the Battle of Halmstad in August 1676, where he was wounded in the arm. After recovering in Gothenburg, he joined the army in Scania in time to play a significant part in the largest battle of the war, the Battle of Lund in December. He contributed actively to the Swedish victory in the Battle of Landskrona 1677 after which he was appointed Lieutenant Field Marshal. Before the war ended he received highest command of the Swedish army in Scania. In November 1678, after the hostilities had practically ended but before a peace treaty had been negotiated, <mask> was handed the highest position within the Swedish army; Field Marshal. Governor-General and Count
After the Scanian war had ended, in December 1679, <mask> was appointed Governor-General of Gothenburg, Bohuslän and Dalsland.In 1680, Scania and Halland was added to his governorship. He was declared Royal Councillor in 1681 and Count in 1687. Mentor of the king
King Charles XI, who rose to the throne as a four-year-old when his father king Charles X Gustav died in 1660, saw <mask> as his military master. In a letter to <mask>, written 1680, Charles XI acknowledged that "...the little that I have learnt in this war, I have got Herr Field Marshal to thank for, and for as long as I live, I will acknowledge that". Death
<mask> died in Gothenburg on 17 April 1693. He was buried in German Church (Tyska kyrkan), also known as Kristine Church, Gothenburg, on 26 August 1694. King Charles

masks: Ascheberg Ascheberg Ascheberg Ascheberg Ascheberg


title: Rutger von Ascheberg

texts:
 XI attended the funeral.Among the manors and estates that <mask> owned at the time of his death were Kastellegården, Gullmarsberg, Holma, Torreby, Stenungsön and Ström, in Bohuslän, as well as Sövdeborg, Agerup and Tosterup in Scania. Marriage and children
In 1650, Ascheberg married Maria Eleonora <mask>, member of a noble family from Hessen. She lived 1632–1690 and was buried in 1691, in the same church that Ascheberg would be buried three years later. The couple had the following children:

 George Fredrik <mask>cheberg
 Margareta Sabina <mask>cheberg
 Ludvig Volrath <mask>cheberg
 Anna <mask> Ascheberg
 Karl Gustaf <mask>cheberg
 <mask> <mask>cheberg
 Gustaf Adolf von Ascheberg
 Kristian Ludvig von Ascheberg
 Eleonora Elisabet <mask> (1663–1737). She was born on 13 September 1663. On 14 September 1679 she married David Makeléer and she died on 13 November 1737. Sofia Lovisa <mask> (1664–1720), who married Hans Wachtmeister
 Otto Vilhelm <mask> (1665–1671)
 Margareta <mask> (1671–1753) who married Kjell Kristoffer Barnekow (1663–1700) on 26 January 1691

Legacy
A major street (Aschebergsgatan) is named in his honor in the city of Gothenburg.Notes

References

Citations

Sources
Björlin, Gustaf. : Kriget mot Danmark 1675–1679. Stockholm 1885. Wahlöö, Claes & Larsson, Göran. : Slaget vid Lund. Lund 1998. See also
List of Swedish military commanders
List of Swedish wars
Dominions of Sweden

1621 births
1693 deaths
Field marshals of Sweden
Governors-General of Sweden
Swedish counts
Swedish people of German descent
Members of the Privy Council of Sweden
17th-century Latvian people
Swedish people of the Thirty Years' War
Military personnel of the Thirty Years' War
Second Northern War
17th-century Swedish

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title: Cristian Pasquato

texts:
<mask> (born 20 July 1989) is an Italian footballer who plays as a midfielder for  club Trento. Club career

Early career
Born in Padua, Pasquato began his career in the youth ranks of Padova at age six. After just one season with his hometown club, however, he joined the youth setup of Montebelluna, where he ultimately would remain until 2003, when he was scouted out by Juventus officials. Juventus
Pasquato officially joined Juventus in July 2003 and instantly earned early comparisons to club legend Alessandro Del Piero, most notably due to their origins at Padova, but also due their similar field positions and free-kick abilities. In 2006, Pasquato reached the Primavera team after winning the Allievi title. Being a free kick specialist, Pasquato scored the winner against Internazionale in the Supercoppa Primavera final. After six years in the Juventus youth sector, Pasquato began to earn senior call-ups from coach Claudio Ranieri during the 2007–08 Serie A season, and made his first team debut on 11 May 2008, the final matchday of that season, as a second-half substitute.Following the Primavera final, <mask> was promoted to the first team. Pasquato continued with the Juventus first team during the 2008–09 pre-season and impressed throughout the summer. He also competed with the team in the UEFA Champions League. Loan Deals
On 24 August 2008, it was confirmed that <mask> had signed for Serie B side Empoli on a one-year loan deal. With the Tuscan club, Pasquato made 23 league appearances and scored one goal in his first full season in the professional leagues. On 1 July 2009, he returned to Juventus, though his loan with Empoli would be extended for one more season soon after. During the andata of the 2009–10 Serie B campaign, Pasquato managed

masks:
Cristian Pasquato
Pasquato
Pasquato


title: Cristian Pasquato

texts: just nine league appearances, scoring one goal.Because of his lack of match time, Juventus recalled the young forward back to Turin during the 2010 January transfer window before ultimately re-loaning the player back to the second division with Triestina. During his loan with the club from Trieste, Pasquato made 16 league appearances and scored one goal. His efforts were not enough to save the club from relegation to the Lega Pro Prima Divisione at the end of the season. After returning to Juventus on 30 June 2010 following the expiration of his six-month loan deal with Triestina, <mask> was again loaned out, this time to Modena, another Serie B club. He spent the entire 2010–11 season at Modena, scoring nine goals and notching 13 assists in 40 league games for the club. After the highly productive season with the gialloblu, Pasquato returned to Juve once more, and after training with the first team for the entire pre-season and competing in several summer tournaments and friendly matches, it was believed that the youngster would remain in Turin under new coach Antonio Conte. On 26 July 2011, <mask> notably scored the winning goal for Juventus in a 1–0 win over América in the 2011 World Football Challenge.<mask> began the match as a starter on the left-wing of Conte's 4–2–4, and scored a brilliant volley past Armando Navarrete after 42 minutes of play. The match was held in New York at CitiField. On 31 August 2011, <mask> was once again sent out on loan by Juventus: he was loaned to fellow Serie A club Lecce – along with teammate Manuel Giandonato – on a season-long loan. He was, however, recalled from his loan period at Lecce on 27 January 2012 due to limited play time. He was loaned out to city-rivals Torino in the Serie B just two days later, on

masks: Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato


title: Cristian Pasquato

texts:
 29 January 2012. Udinese
On 30 June 2012, <mask> returned to Juventus, although the club sold half of his registration rights to Udinese for €1.5 million as part of a deal that also saw Kwadwo Asamoah and Mauricio Isla move from Udinese to Juventus, also in co-ownership deals. Loan to Bologna
<mask> was then immediately sent on loan by Udinese to Bologna on a season-long loan deal, where he teamed up with former Juve teammates Marco Motta, Michele Pazienza and Frederik Sørensen.On 26 August he made his debut in Serie A, as a substitute replacing Robert Acquafresca in the 88th minute of a 2–0 away defeat against ChievoVerona. On 28 November he scored his first goal for Bologna, in the fourth round of Coppa Italia, in the 35th minute of a 1–0 home win over Livorno. On 29 December, <mask> scored his second goal, in the round of 16 of Coppa Italia, in the 38th minute of a 2–1 away win over Napoli. On 15 January 2013, <mask> played in the quarter-finals of Coppa Italia, he was replaced by Manolo Gabbiadini in the 55th minute of a 3–2 away defeat against Inter. On 27 January he scored his first Serie A goal for Bologna, as a substitute, in the 54th minute of a 3–3 home draw against Roma. On 3 March he scored his second goal in Serie A, again as a substitute in the 92nd minute of a 3–0 home win over Cagliari. <mask> ended his loan to Bologna with 18 apparences, 4 goals and 1 assist.On 17 June 2013, Udinese and Juventus renewed the co-ownership agreement of the player, with Udinese continuing to hold onto his registration rights. Loan to Padova
On 8 August 2013, Udinese loaned Pasquato to Serie B club Padova. On 11 August he made his debut for Padova, in the second round of Coppa Italia, as a substitute replacing Andrea Raimondi in the 66th minute and

masks: Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato


title: Cristian Pasquato

texts:
 he scored his first goal for Padova in the 83rd minute of a 2–1 home win over Virtus Entella. On 17 August, Pasquato played in the third round of Coppa Italia, he was replaced by Davide Voltan in the 55th minute of a 1–0 away defeat against Trapani. On 24 August he made his Serie B debut for Padova, he was replaced by Andrea Raimondi in the 72nd minute of a 2–0 home defeat against Trapani. On 8 September, Pasquato played his first full match for Padova, a 3–0 home defeat against Palermo. On 21 September, Pasquato scored his first goal in Serie B for Padova in the 14th minute of a 3–1 away defeat against Empoli.On 4 October he scored his second goal in 61st minute of a 3–2 home win over Varese. On 19 October, Pasquato scored his third goal in the 89th minute of a 2–1 home win over Juve Stabia. Pasquato ended his season-long loan to Padova with 39 apparences, 8 goals and 5 assists. Return to Juventus
On 20 June 2014, Juventus confirmed the outright purchase of <mask> from Udinese on a three-year contract for €1.5 million fee. Loan to Pescara
On 1 September 2014, <mask> was signed by Pescara. On 7 September, <mask> made his debut in Serie B for Pescara in a match against Ternana, he scored his first goal for Pescara in the 55th minute and he was replaced by Roberto Guana in the 70th minute of a 1–1 away draw. On 4 October, <mask> scored his second goal, as a substitute in the 82nd minute of a 4–0 home win over Virtus Entella.On 12 October he scored his third goal in the 42nd minute of a 4–1 away win over Crotone. On 2 December he played, as a substitute, in the fourth round of Coppa Italia, he replaced Birkir Bjarnason in the 83rd minute of a 1-0 away defeat against Sassuolo. On 17 January 2015, Pasquato scored 2 goals in a 4–2 away win over


title: Cristian Pasquato

texts:
 Trapani. On 24 January he played his first full match for Pescara, a 2–1 home defeat against Ternana. On 12 February he was sent off with a double yellow card in the 42nd minute of a 1–0 home win over Catania. Pasquato ended his season-long loan to Pescara with 38 apparences, 7 goals and 7 assists. Loan to Livorno and Pescara
On 31 August 2015, Pasquato was signed by Livorno on a 6-month loan deal.On 6 September he made his debut for Livorno in Serie B, he was replaced by Riccardo Cazzola in 61st minute of a 4–0 home win over Pescara. On 21 September he played his first full match for Livorno, a 3–2 away win over Ternana, in this match he scored his first goal for Livorno in the 86th minute. On 26 September, <mask> scored his second goal for Livorno, as a substitute, in the 72nd minute of a 2–1 home defeat against Spezia. On 24 October he scored twice in a 2–0 home win over Modena. <mask> finished his loan to Livorno with 19 apparences, 4 goals and 2 assists. On 1 February 2016, <mask> returned to Pescara on a 6-month loan deal.On 6 February he made his debut for Pescara as a substitute replacing Ahmed Benali in the 67th minute of a 2–2 away draw against Salernitana. On 19 April, <mask> played his first full match for Pescara in this season, a 1–0 away win over Spezia.On 1 June he scored his first goal for Pescara in this season in the 34th minute of a 4–2 home win over Novara. <mask> ended his loan to Pescara with 15 apparences and 1 goal. Loan to Krylia Sovetov
On 10 August 2016, <mask> joined Russian Premier League club Krylia Sovetov on a season-long loan. He also added one more year to his current contract with Juventus (to 2018). On 26 August he made his debut for Krylia Sovetov as a substitute replacing Sergey Tkachev the 79th minute of a

masks: Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato Pasquato


title: Cristian Pasquato

texts:
 1–0 home defeat against Ufa. On 22 September he played in the round of 32 of Russian Cup in a 2–0 away win over Shinnik. On 26 September, Pasquato played his first full match, in Premier League, for Krylia Sovetov, a 0–0 away draw against Amkar Perm.On 27 October, Pasquato played, as a substitute, in the round of 16 of Russian Cup in a 3–1 home defeat against Lokomotiv Moscow. On 20 November, <mask> scored his first goal for Krylia Sovetov in the 4th minute of a 3–1 away defeat against Zenit. On 1 December he scored his second goal in the 59th minute of a 4–0 home win over Spartak Moscow. On 15 April 2017 he scored his third goal in the 64th minute of a 3–1 away win over Anzhi Makhachkala. <mask> ended his loan to Krylia Sovetov with 28 appearances, 5 goals and 8 assists. Legia Warsaw
On 19 July 2017, <mask> joined Polish Ekstraklasa side Legia Warsaw. On 22 July he made his debut in Ekstraklasa for Legia Warsaw as a substitute replacing Sebastian Szymanski in the 57th minute of a 1–1 home draw against Korona Kielce.On 25 October he scored his first goal for Legia Warsaw in the 29th minute of a 3–1 away win over Bytovia Bytow in the first leg of quarter-finals of the Polish Cup. Campodarsego
On 2 July 2019, <mask> began a free agent when his contract with Legia Warsaw expired. On 21 October 2019, Pasquato joined Campodarsego, a team competing in Serie D - Girone C, the fourth tier of Italian football. Gubbio
On 21 August 2020 he signed with Serie C club Gubbio. Trento
On 8 September 2021, he joined Trento as a free agent. International career
<mask> has represented Italy at every youth level, from under-15 to under-21. On 25 March 2009, he made his debut with the Italy U-21 squad in a friendly match against Austria.Style of play
A versatile


title: Cristian Pasquato

texts:
 player, <mask> is capable of playing in several attacking and offensive midfield roles. He has been deployed as a second striker, in the centre as an attacking midfielder, and as a left winger, a position which enables him to take on opponents in one on one situations, cut into the middle, and strike on goal with his stronger right foot. A quick, diminutive, creative, and agile player, with good technique, dribbling skills, vision, and a slender build, as well as an ability to create chances for teammates, he was regarded as a promising talent in his youth. He is also considered to be a set-piece specialist, and is known for his bending shots and free kicks. Career statistics

Club

Honours

Club
Juventus Primavera
 Supercoppa Primavera: 2007
 Champions Youth Cup: 2007 (runner-up)
 Allievi Nazionali Youth League: 2005–06

Legia Warsaw
 Polish Cup: 2018
 Ekstraklasa: 2017–18

International
Italy U–17
 U–17 Pepsi International Tournament: 2005

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Padua
Italian footballers
Association football forwards
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Serie D players
Juventus F.C. players
Empoli F.C. players
U.S. Triestina Calcio 1918 players
Modena F.C.players
U.S. Lecce players
Torino F.C. players
Udinese Calcio players
Bologna F.C. 1909 players
Calcio Padova players
Delfino Pescara 1936 players
U.S. Livorno 1915 players
A.S. Gubbio 1910 players
A.C. Trento 1921 players
Russian Premier League players
FC Krylia Sovetov Samara players
Ekstraklasa players
Legia Warsaw players
Italian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Poland
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Poland
Italy under-21


title: John F. Tierney

texts:
<mask><mask> (born September 18, 1951) is an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts from 1997 to 2015. He is a Democrat who represented the state's , which includes the state's North Shore and Cape Ann. Born and raised in Salem, Massachusetts, <mask> graduated from Salem State College and Suffolk University Law School. He worked in private law and served on the Salem Chamber of Commerce from 1976 to 1997. <mask> first ran for the House of Representatives in 1994 against Republican incumbent Peter G. Torkildsen, losing by a small margin. He defeated Torkildsen in a rematch in 1996. A liberal member of Congress, <mask> voted along with other Democratic Representatives from Massachusetts.He sat on the House Committee on Education and Labor, where his priorities included green energy and increased college access. He co-authored several pieces of legislation, including the Green Jobs Act of 2007 and the College Affordability and Accountability Act of 2008. He is the former chairman of the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs, where he helped establish the Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan. From 1998 to 2010, <mask> comfortably won re-election in each cycle. He faced tougher challenges after his wife Patrice was convicted of felony tax fraud in 2010, narrowly defeating his Republican opponent in 2012. In the 2014 election, he lost the Democratic primary to Seth Moulton, who went on to hold the seat in the general election. In February 2016, <mask> was appointed the executive director of the Council for a Livable World and the Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation, the council's affiliated education and research organization.Early life, education, and career
<mask><mask> was born September 18, 1951, in Salem, Massachusetts. His mother, Doris H. (née Gelineau) <mask>, was a Salem native who worked a split

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John F
. Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
Tierney
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. Tierney
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title: John F. Tierney

texts:
 shift at the New England Telephone Company, where she remained for 42 years. His father, Albert R<mask>, was a bookkeeper for Nabisco and a local fuel company. <mask> was one of three children, along with his brother Michael A. and sister Catherine. His father was of Irish descent and his mother was of half French-Canadian and half Irish ancestry. He moved with his family to his grandmother's home when he was five years old. He began working at the Kernwood Country Club in Salem as a caddie when he was 8 and soon adopted a paper route.He later attended Salem High School. When he was young, <mask> campaigned for his uncle, a Peabody ward councilor, and he ascribes his political interest in part to this experience. <mask> attended Salem State College, majoring in political science. While in college he performed work study, while also stocking shelves at a grocery store, working in sales at a clothing store, and performing deliveries. For three years he was president of his class, and his final year he served as President of the Salem State Student Government Association (SGA). As SGA president Tierney responded to racial incidents on campus by organizing a school-wide meeting leading to several days of discussion. He graduated in 1973, and returned in 2009 to give a commencement address, receiving an honorary degree.While working as a law office clerk and a State House janitor, <mask> attended Suffolk University Law School. <mask> graduated with a Juris Doctor in 1976, and was admitted to the Massachusetts bar. <mask> worked as a solo practitioner until 1981, when he became a partner at the North Shore community law firm Tierney, Kalis, & Lucas. <mask> remained at the firm until taking office in 1997. <mask> served on the Salem Chamber of Commerce from 1976 to 1997, becoming the organization's president in 1995. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
<mask> first ran for Congress

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Tierney
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title: John F. Tierney

texts:
 in 1994 against one-term Republican incumbent Peter G. Torkildsen, having won a competitive Democratic primary with a plurality of 33.8 percent. He ran on a platform promoting a stronger federal focus on drug abuse, federal aid to promote after-school programs, consideration of means testing for Social Security, and single-payer health care.A primary issue in the campaign was crime: <mask> criticized Torkildsen for his vote against a 1994 crime bill, and advocated stronger gun control, while Torkildsen criticized <mask>'s positions on gun control and drug legalization. <mask> was defeated in the general election by 4%. <mask> successfully ran for Congress in 1996, defeating Torkildsen by a narrow margin and increasing his margin in a 1998 rematch. Over the next five elections, <mask> won with over 68% of the vote. In 2010, he faced a stronger challenge from Republican candidate Bill Hudak, after his wife Patrice was convicted of felony tax fraud; he won with 57% of the vote. In his 2012 race for re-election, <mask> faced former State Senator and 2010 nominee for Lieutenant Governor Richard Tisei. Tisei, who is openly gay, was endorsed by the Log Cabin Republicans.He was also endorsed by The Rainbow Times, a Boston-based LGBT newspaper. Gay Democratic Congressman <mask> endorsed <mask>, likening gay Republicans to Uncle Tom. <mask> narrowly won re-election on November 6, 2012, with 48% of the vote to Tisei's 47%. <mask> ran for re-election against four challengers for the Democratic nomination in 2014. With 27 percent of precincts reporting, <mask> trailed Seth Moulton 51 percent to 40 percent and conceded. Tenure

<mask>, described as "an unwavering liberal" by CQ's Politics in America, has consistently high approval ratings from Democratic and liberal interest groups such as Americans for Democratic Action, and low approval ratings from conservative groups such as the American

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Barney Frank
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title: John F. Tierney

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 Conservative Union. His votes have been closely aligned with the other Democratic representatives from his state.Described as "a favorite of the House Democratic leadership," he maintains a close relationship with former House Speaker Nancy Pelosi; her daughter Christine Pelosi served as his chief of staff from 2001 to 2005. <mask> was speculated as a candidate to succeed United States Senator Ted Kennedy in a special election after Kennedy's death in 2009, but he decided not to run. In 2010 Washington paper The Hill published a speculation that <mask>, with a $1.3 million war chest, was a likely candidate to run against Kennedy's successor Scott Brown in the 2012 election. <mask> later stated that he would not contest the Senate seat and would instead seek a ninth term as Congressman. Domestic policy

<mask> and Rep. Hilda Solis coauthored the Green Jobs Act of 2007, which allocated $125 million to green jobs training. The bill was incorporated into the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 and signed into law. <mask> was initially opposed to the Troubled Asset Relief Program proposal of 2008, although he ultimately voted for the bill, saying, "The state of panic in the markets compels Congress to act."The House included several of his proposals in the Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008, one which prevented states from cutting education funding as federal aid increased, and one which forgave federal loans for students who went into some public service professions. Throughout his career, <mask> has repeatedly introduced a bill called "Clean Money, Clean Elections", which would create a national, publicly financed clean elections system. With little support in Congress, the proposal has been unsuccessful. <mask> is a supporter of universal health care. In early 2010, <mask> came under fire from some in his district for his support of the Patient Protection and

masks: Tierney Tierney Tierney Tierney Tierney Tierney Tierney Tierney


title: John F. Tierney

texts:
 Affordable Care Act. On March 6, 2013 <mask> and several House Democrats walked out on a Committee on Education and the Workforce vote, accusing Republican counterparts on the committee of not negotiating "in a bipartisan manner." <mask> has introduced a version of Elizabeth Warren's "Bank on Student Loans Fairness Act" into the House, which would reduce federally subsidized education loans to 0.75%, the rate paid by banks.A February 2012 Washington Post report revealed that 33 members of Congress helped direct more than $300 million in earmarks to public projects in close proximity to commercial and residential real estate owned by the lawmakers or their family members. According to the investigation, <mask> has helped direct about $3.5 million toward a 950-space parking garage and commuter rail station in Salem, Mass. The facility will be located roughly 1/4 mile from a commercial building <mask> co-owns. Foreign policy
<mask> was a member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform and chairman of the Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs during the 110th and 111th Congresses. <mask> introduced the 2007 House legislation that created the Commission on Wartime Contracting in Iraq and Afghanistan to study government contracting related to the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War. The same year <mask> chaired a congressional hearing over conditions at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The center had been criticized in the press for its dilapidated conditions and inadequate care, as well as for prioritizing a "VIP ward" for non-soldiers.The House approved <mask>'s amendment to direct $75,000,000 to secular school construction in Pakistan to compete against Islamic madrassas. <mask> is a critic of U.S. investment in missile defense, and has called for large budget cuts to the Missile Defense Agency. He introduced an amendment to redirect $966 million in

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title: John F. Tierney

texts:
 funding from missile defense systems to other military initiatives. The proposal, opposed by Armed Services Committee leaders as "going too far", was rejected in a House vote. Personal life
<mask> dated Patrice M. (Eremian) Chew of Marblehead throughout his 1996 campaign. They married in a small ceremony in April 1997 and now live in Salem, where Patrice works as a jewelry designer. <mask> has three stepchildren from his wife's first marriage.In June 2000, <mask>'s stepson <mask> was arrested when about 25 grams (0.9 oz) of cocaine and $1,000 in cash were found in his Marblehead apartment. Wife's tax fraud conviction
In August 2010, <mask>'s wife Patrice's brothers Robert and Daniel Eremian were indicted in federal court for operating an illegal internet gambling business. Robert had allegedly, with Daniel's help, operated the business out of St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda, and funneled a portion of the profits into a Bank of America account in Massachusetts. In October 2010, Patrice was charged in U.S. District Court with four counts of "aiding and abetting the filing of false tax returns" by Robert. <mask> issued a statement announcing his wife's intention to plead guilty, stating that Patrice accepted "full responsibility for being 'willfully blind' to what her brother was doing." Patrice pleaded guilty on October 6, 2010, and on January 13, 2011, was sentenced to 30 days in prison followed by five months of house arrest. The conviction bolstered the campaign of Bill Hudak, <mask>'s Republican opponent in the November 2010 election, but <mask> was re-elected.In June 2012, a federal judge ordered Daniel Eremian to forfeit $7.7 million in assets for his role in the illegal offshore sports betting scheme. Following his sentencing, Daniel Eremian told reporters that the congressman "knew everything that was going on", a charge which <mask> rebutted. Electoral history

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title: Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

texts:
<mask>,  (January 29, 1943 – November 23, 2014) was a Canadian ice hockey player, head coach, and executive. Known by the nickname "The Big Irishman", he coached for the National Hockey League's Philadelphia Flyers, Los Angeles Kings, Vancouver Canucks, Toronto Maple Leafs, and Edmonton Oilers, reaching the Stanley Cup Finals twice, with the Flyers in 1980 and the Canucks in 1994. Internationally, <mask> coached Team Canada to gold medals at the 2002 Winter Olympics, 2008 IIHF World U18 Championships and 2009 World Junior Championship, as well as World Cup championship in 2004. Prior to coaching, <mask> was an NHL defenceman, having played nine seasons in the league with the Maple Leafs, Canucks and Atlanta Flames. Coming out of the junior ranks with the Edmonton Oil Kings, he won a Memorial Cup with the club in 1963. He later won another Memorial Cup as part-owner of the Vancouver Giants in 2007. Playing career
<mask> began his junior career with the Hamilton Tiger Cubs and Hamilton Kilty B's in the Ontario Hockey Association (OHA).After graduating high school, <mask> accepted a scholarship from Michigan Tech, but was declared ineligible to play by the NCAA because he had already signed his rights to the Detroit Red Wings. He instead joined the Edmonton Oil Kings of the Central Alberta Hockey League (CAHL), helping the club to the 1963 Memorial Cup in his only year with Edmonton, playing alongside fellow future NHL player, coach, and manager Glen Sather. <mask> turned pro in 1963–64 and began stints in several minor leagues, including the Eastern Hockey League (EHL), Central Hockey League (CHL) and Western Hockey League (WHL). While playing with the Tulsa Oilers, <mask> was called up by the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1968, making his NHL debut. During his rookie season with the Maple Leafs, he is probably best remembered for an open-ice bodycheck on Bobby Orr in the 1969 playoffs against the Boston Bruins that left Orr unconscious and provoked a bench-clearing

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title: Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

texts:
 brawl. After two seasons with the Maple Leafs, the Vancouver Canucks claimed <mask> in the 1970 NHL Expansion Draft. He played two seasons in Vancouver, before being again left unprotected in the 1972 NHL Expansion Draft, where he was claimed by the Atlanta Flames and served as team captain.<mask> retired prematurely in 1977 after suffering an ankle injury. Management and coaching

Philadelphia Flyers
<mask> became an assistant coach for the Philadelphia Flyers in 1977 under Fred Shero, and was named head coach of the Flyers' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Maine Mariners, the following season. <mask> returned to the Flyers late that season, however, as head coach of the NHL club (with prior head coach Bob McCammon going back to Maine), and during the 1979–80 NHL season (his first full season with the Flyers) <mask> led the team to a record breaking 35-game unbeaten streak that culminated in a trip to the 1980 Stanley Cup Finals, where they were upset by the New York Islanders in six games. <mask> won the Jack Adams Award for his effort. He stayed with the Flyers two more years, but was replaced late in the season during his fourth year. Los Angeles Kings
<mask> briefly left hockey, but remained in the Philadelphia area to attend law school at Widener University. In 1984, he was named head coach of the Los Angeles Kings and went on to finish his degree at the University of San Diego.In his first season back coaching, <mask> returned the Kings to the playoffs after a two-year absence with a 23-point improvement in the standings, but were swept in the opening round by the eventual Stanley Cup champion Edmonton Oilers. In December 1986, <mask> signed a contract to become the President and General Manager of the Vancouver Canucks for the 1987–88 NHL season while still under contract with the Kings. <mask>, a lawyer, maintained that the Kings had missed a deadline on an option on his contract, which had a clause allowing him to negotiate with other

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title: Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

texts:
 teams. NHL President John Ziegler suspended <mask> for the rest of the season and barred him from taking over Vancouver's hockey operations until June. Ziegler also barred <mask> from coaching anywhere in the NHL until the 1990–91 season. In Ziegler's view, <mask>'s actions created a serious conflict of interest that could only be resolved by having him removed as coach. The Kings tried unsuccessfully to sue the Canucks for tampering.Vancouver Canucks

Restricted from coaching, <mask> joined the Canucks the following season in 1987–88 as President and General Manager. He made his first significant transaction, bringing in future franchise goaltender Kirk McLean from the New Jersey Devils along with forward Greg Adams, for centre <mask> Sundström and the Canucks' 1988 fourth-round draft pick (Matt Ruchty), on September 15, 1987. <mask> continued to make an impact in his first two NHL Entry Drafts, selecting future team captain Trevor Linden second overall in 1988 and Pavel Bure 113th overall in 1989. Linden went on to become the franchise's all-time leading scorer and have his jersey retired by the Canucks. Bure, meanwhile, won the Calder Memorial Trophy as league rookie-of-the-year in his first year and recorded three 50-goal seasons with the Canucks and also had his jersey retired. Bure's selection was highly controversial, however, as <mask> had seemingly chosen him a year ahead of his eligible draft season. At the age of 18, Bure was available to be chosen in the first three rounds of the draft, but in order to be selected any later than that, he would have had to play in at least two seasons (with a minimum of 11 games per season) for his elite-level European club, the Central Red Army.The Canucks' head scout at the time, Mike Penny, discovered that Bure had played in additional exhibition and international games to make him an eligible late-round draft choice a year early, however. <mask> originally intended to draft Bure in the eighth round, but after

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title: Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

texts: receiving word that the Edmonton Oilers had similar intentions, he selected him in the sixth. Team executives reportedly stormed the Met Center stage in Minnesota, where the draft was being held, protesting the choice immediately following its announcement. The league investigated the selection and originally deemed it illegal. <mask> and the Canucks appealed the decision and it was not until the eve of the 1990 NHL Entry Draft, in which Bure would have been re-entered, that the draft choice was upheld. In 1991, with the coaching ban lifted, he took over the head coach position with the Canucks for the remaining 26 games of the 1990–91 season. Entering his first full season as Canucks head coach in 1991–92, <mask> met further resistance regarding Bure, who was set to play his rookie season, from the Soviet Ice Hockey Federation.Soviet officials called for Bure's contract with the Central Red Army and the two sides went to court in October 1991 with the Soviets agreeing to a $250,000 settlement. <mask> signed Bure to a four-year contract soon thereafter, on October 31, worth a reported $2.7 million with an $800,000 signing bonus. <mask> went on to win his second Jack Adams Award as a dramatically improved Canucks squad succeeded in winning the Smythe division. The Canucks repeated as division champions the following season in 1992–93 before appearing in the 1994 Stanley Cup Finals against the New York Rangers. Despite a lackluster regular season in which the Canucks finished with the seventh seed in their conference, the team that had been entirely built by <mask> got past the Calgary Flames, Dallas Stars and Toronto Maple Leafs in the first three rounds. The Canucks pushed the first-overall Rangers to a seven-game series in the final, but lost the seventh and deciding game. Following his second Stanley Cup Finals appearance, <mask> gave up his coaching duties to focus on his roles as President and General Manager.In the mid-1990s, the Canucks ownership

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title: Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

texts:
 gradually shifted from the Griffiths family to a new group led by John McCaw Jr. In November 1997, <mask> was fired by the new ownership, with whom <mask> did not see eye-to-eye. Toronto Maple Leafs

Before the 1998–99 NHL season, <mask> was named head coach of the Toronto Maple Leafs. In his first season, the Maple Leafs improved dramatically, transitioning from a plodding checking team to a speedy scoring team that reached the conference finals, losing to the Buffalo Sabres. He was named a finalist for the Jack Adams Award, and was given the additional duties of General Manager. <mask> took on the General Manager position, reportedly to preempt Leafs President Ken Dryden from hiring his preferred GM which was former Habs teammate Bob Gainey. Three years later, the Maple Leafs made it to the 2002 Conference Finals, but were eliminated by the Carolina Hurricanes.In August 2003, <mask> was replaced as general manager by John Ferguson Jr., who became the league's youngest general manager at 36, but still retained his coaching duties. Following the 2004–05 NHL lockout, the Maple Leafs failed to qualify for the playoffs for the first time with <mask> as head coach in 2005–06. As a result, <mask> was fired along with assistant coach and former teammate Rick Ley on April 20, 2006. The Maple Leafs had suffered season-ending injuries from key players Eric Lindros, Jason Allison, Alex Khavanov and Ed Belfour, all of whom had been signed as free agents by Ferguson the preceding off-season. Despite losing all four players to injury, the Maple Leafs finished the season going 9–1–2 with a younger lineup of prospects, many of whom were drafted by <mask> during his tenure as general manager. Aside from Toronto's lack of success, however, it was speculated that the decision to fire <mask> was a result of friction between him and general manager Ferguson (who denied it), as well as a split in the ownership of Maple Leafs Sports and Entertainment with Ferguson being backed by

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title: Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

texts:
 MLSE Chairman Larry Tannebaum and with <mask> being supported by Ken Thompson (whose Woodbridge holding company had planned to but never did increase its stake in MLSE). Amid speculation of his firing leading up to the official announcement, team captain Mats Sundin and veteran Darcy Tucker had both pledged support for <mask> through the media.Under <mask>, the Maple Leafs had consistently been contenders, recording three 100-point seasons and making the playoffs every season until his last, despite never advancing past the conference finals. International
At the 2002 Olympic Winter Games in Salt Lake City, Utah, <mask> coached Team Canada to their first Olympic gold medal since 1952, with a 5–2 victory over Team USA in the gold medal game. He subsequently received a standing ovation from the fans in Montreal for his efforts in his first NHL game back from the Olympics. Two years later, in 2004, <mask> coached Team Canada to victory in the 2004 World Cup with a perfect 6–0 record, capped off by a 3–2 victory over Finland in the final. Looking to defend their 2002 Olympic gold medal, Hockey Canada chose <mask> once again to coach Team Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. Despite high expectations, Canada went 3–2 through the preliminary round, losing to Switzerland and Finland, both by 2–0 shutouts, then lost to Russia, again by a 2–0 score, in the quarter-finals. Without an NHL coaching job, having been let go by the Maple Leafs at the end of the 2005–06 season, <mask> was chosen to coach Team Canada at the 2006 Spengler Cup.They made it to the final game against HC Davos, but lost 3–2. Two years later, <mask> turned to junior hockey, serving as head coach for Team Canada in the 2008 IIHF World U18 Championships. He led Canada to the finals against Russia, taking the title by an 8–0 score. With established success at the junior international level, <mask> was chosen to coach the Canadian under-20 team for the 2009 World Junior Championships as the


title: Pat Quinn (ice hockey)

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 host country in Ottawa. He led Canada to an undefeated record in tournament play and a fifth consecutive gold medal, defeating Sweden 5–1 in the final. Edmonton Oilers
After a three-year absence from the NHL, in which he coached for Team Canada's Spengler Cup, under-18 and junior teams, <mask> was named the head coach of the Edmonton Oilers on May 26, 2009, replacing Craig MacTavish. In his first and ultimately only season as head coach of the Oilers, the team finished in last place in the league with a record of 27–47–8.<mask> was replaced by Tom Renney as head coach on June 22, 2010, being given the title of Senior Adviser of Hockey Operations for the Oilers, a position he left after the 2010-11 season. Personal life
<mask> was born in 1943 and grew up in east Hamilton, Ontario. He was a cousin of former professional wrestler "Big" <mask>. <mask> graduated with a B.A. in economics in 1972 from York University in Toronto, Ontario, three years after he began his NHL career with the Toronto Maple Leafs. After retiring from his playing career in 1977, <mask> considered law school, but instead accepted a coaching position with the Philadelphia Flyers. Nearly five years later, he was fired by the Flyers in time to take the exam for spring acceptance into law school.Being under contract with the Flyers, his tuition was subsidized by the NHL club. He earned his J.D. degree from the Widener University School of Law, in Delaware. <mask> never practiced law, but used his legal knowledge in his executive positions with the Vancouver Canucks and Maple Leafs. Death
<mask> died at the Vancouver General Hospital in Vancouver on November 23, 2014, following a long battle with illness. He had been unable to attend the 2014 Hockey Hall of Fame induction ceremony on November 17 due to his illness. Honours and legacy

Honours
Won Memorial Cup with the Edmonton Oil Kings in 1963 (as a player) and Vancouver Giants in 2007 (as a minority owner).Won Jack Adams Award (NHL coach of

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texts: the year) in 1980 (Philadelphia Flyers) and 1992 (Vancouver Canucks). Won Winter Olympic gold medal with Team Canada in 2002 as head coach. Won World Cup championship with Team Canada in 2004 as head coach. Won IIHF U18 gold medal with Team Canada in 2008 as head coach. Won IIHF U20 gold medal with Team Canada in 2009 as head coach. <mask> is credited with popularizing the terms "upper body injury" and "lower body injury" to describe injuries to his players, terms which are now commonplace around the NHL. The term originated during the 1999 Stanley Cup Playoffs when <mask> described an injury sustained to defenceman Dmitri Yushkevich against the Philadelphia Flyers as an "upper body injury".<mask> said he came up with the term "out of the blue" and said he did so because he was tired of having to talk about injuries (as well as worrying about Yushkevich's safety in a physical series). The NHL allows the descriptors as it does not violate league policy against "misleading information" while also maintaining a player's right to privacy over their medical information. Nevertheless, its usage is controversial around the league. In 2018, the Concussion Legacy Foundation stated that the terms provide confusion concerning concussion symptoms, and Ken Hitchcock, then coach of the Dallas Stars, scrapped the practice in favour of specificity because he believed "(the media) knows what the injury is anyway". That same year, Leafs head coach Mike Babcock said he would continue to use the descriptors, because he says it allows "the right people" to work on the injury without "(the media) confusing things", and Washington Capitals forward T.J. Oshie said he prefers the protection because "there are too many idiots who'd target (the injured area)" if they knew about the injury. <mask> was a member of the committee that determines who is inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2013, he was named the Chairman of the committee.He himself was elected to the Hockey Hall of

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 Fame in 2016. Memorials

On June 9, 2005, the city of Hamilton, Ontario, honoured <mask> at a special ceremony at Parkdale Arena, on the corner of Main Street East and Parkdale Avenue North, where the arena was officially renamed the Pat <mask> Parkdale Arena. On June 8, 2006, <mask> returned to his hometown in Hamilton to accept an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from McMaster University. He addressed the convocation of Social Sciences graduates, saying that "education is a toolbox to make career changes. It is good advice for you to follow your dreams, listen to your heart and obey your passion". On March 17, 2015, before the NHL game between the Philadelphia Flyers and the Vancouver Canucks, the city of Vancouver, British Columbia officially unveiled the new name of the 700-block of Abbott Street located just outside Rogers Arena to "Pat Quinn Way". In 2015 Dan Robson wrote a biography on <mask> titled "<mask>: The Life of a Hockey Legend."Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

Coaching record

References

External links

HockeyBuzz.com

1943 births
2014 deaths
Atlanta Flames captains
Atlanta Flames players
Canada men's national ice hockey team coaches
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian lawyers
Canadian people of Irish descent
Edmonton Oil Kings (WCHL) players
Edmonton Oilers coaches
Hamilton Tiger Cubs players
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Houston Apollos players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Jack Adams Award winners
Los Angeles Kings coaches
Memorial Cup winners
Officers of the Order of Canada
Order of Hockey in Canada recipients
Philadelphia Flyers coaches
Seattle Totems (WHL) players
Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario
Toronto Maple Leafs coaches
Toronto Maple Leafs executives
Toronto Maple Leafs players
University of San Diego alumni
Vancouver Canucks coaches
Vancouver Canucks executives
Vancouver Canucks general managers
Vancouver Canucks players
Widener University alumni
York

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title: Antonius Maria Bodewig

texts:
<mask> (2 November 1839 – 8 January 1915) was a German Catholic Priest regarded as the spiritual founder of a religious order, the Missionary Sisters of Queen of Apostles (SRA), founded 1923. A would-be missionary to India, he promoted inculturation, a method of evangelisation whereby the Christian message is presented within the culture of the indigenous people. In so doing, he was decades ahead of his time. Life of Fr Bodewig

Early life
<mask> was born on 2 November 1839 in Bonn, Germany, to Constantine and <mask>. He showed early promise and at age 17, after completing his gymnasium studies, entered the Society of Jesus in Muenster on 21 August 1856, taking vows in 1858. After noviciate, the young Bodewig studied philosophy in the province's formation house at Aachen, 1861–63. From 1864 to 1866 he attended a language course at the University of Bonn.1869-72 he taught in the Society's Stella Matutina College in Feldkirch, Austria. He was ordained priest on 3 May 1871 at Maria Laach by Bishop Matthias Eberhard of Trier. Completing his theological studies in 1872 at Maria Laach, he received the mandate to go to the mission field of the Bombay-Pune Mission, India. It was said that he knew 17 languages and had four doctorates. At this time, Bishop Leo Meurin was in charge of the vicariate of Bombay and, influenced by the thinking of Robert de Nobili, promoting the idea of a missionary endeavour among the Indians which would not attempt to impose western European cultural values. <mask> adopted his ideas with enthusiasm and in 1879 registered to learn Sanskrit, Marathi, English, Indian Philosophy and Mythology. However, his studies were cut short when Bishop Meurin sent Bodewig to Igatpuri.Following the methods of de Nobili, <mask> was advised to adopt the dress and lifestyle of an Indian Brahmin in an attempt at evangelizing high caste Hindus. Robert de Nobili
Nobili, an Italian Jesuit, had arrived in

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title: Antonius Maria Bodewig

texts:
 Madurai, South India in November 1606. He soon realised that the lack of success in the missions was due to the great differences in culture between European and Indian people. De Nobili understood that Western cultural standards of dress and behaviour are distinct from the core teachings of the gospel. For instance, eating beef, drinking alcohol, infrequent bathing and entering holy places with shoes on were considered barbarous and filthy by the indigenous people. De Nobili installed himself as a Hindu Sannyasi in a simple house of his own where he began to study Tamil and later Telugu and Sanskrit. His converts continued to wear Indian clothing and retain the traditional sandalwood ashes on their forehead – anything not connected with any religious tenet may be regarded as forms of Indian culture.De Nobili met with strong opposition although his method was approved by Pope Gregory XV in 1623, with certain provisions. The Igatpuri Experiment
On his arrival at Igatpuri, Fr <mask> began an ashram way of life as recommended by Bishop Meurin, becoming a strict vegetarian, which he found difficult. However, there were no high caste Hindus in Igatpuri and <mask>'s radical way of life divided local Christians. From Igatpuri, he moved to Nasik but met with little success. Recalled to Bombay, Fr <mask> taught at St Xavier's College in March 1875 and was asked to edit the newly formed periodical of the Bombay Debating Club, a pet project of the bishop. When this subsequently failed, <mask>, jobless, was moved to Deolali, near Igatpuri, as a military chaplain. The mercurial Bishop Meurin then recalled Bodewig and asked him to prepare lectures for the Bombay Debating Club which he himself gave, giving no credit to Bodewig.By September 1875 relations between the two had reached breaking point and <mask> returned to Europe in 1876. The Break with the Jesuits
Between 1876 and 1888 <mask> was transferred from one

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title: Antonius Maria Bodewig

texts:
 country to another. Frustrated by his experiences in India, he determined to initiate a concrete plan for the conversion of India via the ideas of De Nobili. The Jesuits, however, wanted him to teach in their schools and an impasse was reached. <mask> was sent to North America and told to forget all ideas about India. Finally, in frustration, <mask> left the Society of Jesus and moved to the Archdiocese of Cologne as a diocesan priest. Working as an assistant priest, Fr <mask> began to formulate ideas about a new missionary society for the conversion of India.He published Indien und Seine Heiden Missionen ("India and its Pagan Missions") in which he laid down his ideas for evangelising India. A gifted speaker, he began to lecture and publish widely, and soon gained a dedicated group of followers. At the time of his break with the Society of Jesus, Fr <mask> had a spiritual experience while saying Mass. It seemed to him that the sky was covered by thick black clouds obscuring everything from sight. He took this to mean that his path would henceforth be difficult and full of personal pain. This was to be the price for his vision of an Indian mission, and so Fr <mask> accepted it. The year 1888 was also the date of a papal encyclical exhorting the Brazilian bishops to oppose slavery in South America.The 37th German Catholic Congress passed several resolutions urging the German government to reject slavery in its African colonies. Archbishop Philipp Krementz took up the matter with zeal in the Archdiocese of Cologne. He looked for missionaries to send to Africa to fight against the slave trade and his eye fell on Fr <mask>'s group. When he instructed them to focus on Africa, Fr <mask> refused. As India was a British colony and Germany had colonies in Africa, there was some logic to Krementz' view. Fr <mask> was increasingly regarded as eccentric and a loose canon. Early Success
On 1 September 1892 Fr <mask>

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title: Antonius Maria Bodewig

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 was released from pastoral ministry and founded a small community of enthusiastic young men in Cologne.The Archbishop raised no objection and soon the group expanded to include a community of young women who provided for themselves by nursing the sick of the town, with a view to eventual mission work in India. A second similar house of sisters was set up in 1893 in Munich. In 1894 Fr <mask> went to Rome to obtain Vatican approval of his new society and publicly lectured about India and his ideas for a mission. Greatly encouraged by a letter of commendation from Cardinal Ledóchowski of Propaganda Fide  and the approval of other prominent churchmen he returned to Cologne. <mask> was a guest speaker at the German Catholic Congress at Cologne on 30 September 1894. In his speech he presented his Missionary Society of the Immaculate Conception for the Conversion of Pagan India. After his speech the proposal was accepted unanimously: “The 41st General Assembly will bring to the knowledge of German Catholics the Missionary Society for India”.However, Rome had given no definite approval and news of Bodewig's independent actions reached Archbishop Philipp Krementz of Cologne who felt that his authority had been undermined. He may also have been offended that the second edition of Fr <mask>'s book appeared without his imprimatur. Setbacks and dark clouds
<mask> was to pay dearly for having offended Krementz. He was branded insubordinate and rebellious and ordered to give up his work for the Indian mission, which he refused to do. Accordingly, Card. Krementz suspended Bodewig a divinis, forbidding him to exercise his priestly ministries until the matter could be settled. Archbishop Krementz followed this by informing the Holy See of his actions, thus closing all doors in Rome to Fr Bodewig.There ensued a whispering campaign against Fr <mask> alleging, among other things, that he had obtained money fraudulently. His

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title: Antonius Maria Bodewig

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 bank account was frozen, denying him access. Disgruntled ex-members of the society were encouraged to make allegations that are not now possible to verify. The Wilderness Years
Fr <mask> could no longer remain in Cologne and moved his members to Munich, planning eventually to settle in Belgium. In December 1895, fourteen sisters and eight brothers left for the mission in Dacca and Lahore, arriving penniless to hear that their group was not recognised and they must return home or join other congregations. Archbishop Krementz, working through the Holy See, ensured that ecclesiastical authorities were prejudiced against Fr <mask> in advance. The Belgian Archbishop of Mechelen ordered that the sacraments be denied to Fr <mask> and his group.<mask>'s group now had no funds and no supporters in the hierarchy. They were to remain six more years in the wilderness. In 1896 Pope Leo XIII dissolved the society. At this point Paulus Moritz, Fr Bodewig's right-hand man, reluctantly left and joined the Indian Mission as a Franciscan. Unable to function as an approved society, the group moved to Belgium and lived in common as private persons. Cardinal Krementz died in 1899 but it would be some years before the tide of opinion would change. A visit and petition to Rome in 1901 was unsuccessful, the group changed its name to ‘Philanthropic Association of the White Star’.By 1910 there were 18 brothers and 85 sisters living in five houses. The Tide Turns; Death of Fr Bodewig
Renewed attempts to gain official recognition met with limited success. Slowly, with the aid of Count Sacconi and Sister Xaveria Blas acting as mediators, the official attitude against Fr Bodewig began to soften. Many bishops were tacitly sympathetic but dared not give active support. Finally in December 1913, Cardinal Mercier of Mechelen accepted Fr Bodewig into his archdiocese and lifted all suspensions from him and his group. Full of joy, Fr

masks: Bodewig Bodewig Bodewig Bodewig