title: Stewart Farrar

texts: educated, and were also Christian Scientists, a denomination of Christianity that notably emphasised a belief in spiritual healing over conventional medicine, and which had been founded in 1886. The <mask> family had already been somewhat successful, with a number of them becoming somewhat culturally significant: the first words that had been broadcast by radio across the Atlantic, Guglielmo Marconi's "can you hear me, Picken? ", for instance referred to <mask>'s maternal uncle, whilst <mask>'s first cousin was the notable poet <mask>. His father, after being demobbed from the army, took up employment at the London office of the Hong Kong and Shanghai bank, whilst his mother ran a private school in Wallington, Surrey, before later teaching at the Christian Science primary Claremont School in Esher, Surrey, where the <mask> family took up residence in a house on the school's grounds.His sister, Jean, was born in 1920, and he subsequently doted on her, but at the same time was known as a bully towards other children at primary school. From 1930 to 1935, <mask> attended the privately run City of London School, meaning that he had to commute daily into the city from his rural home. It was here that he joined the Officer Training Corps, where he learned much about military strategy, but at the same time disapproved of militarism and began to sympathise with left wing politics that were at odds with his conservative upbringing. At 17, he became a socialist, before later taking a further leftist stance by declaring himself a communist and rejecting Christianity, instead defining himself as an "interested agnostic". In 1935 he began attending University College London, where he studied journalism, and where he served both as president of the London University Journalism Union and editor of the London Union Magazine. After he ended his university education in 1937, he spent three months as an exchange student in Dresden, Germany, where he became fluent in German and also developed an even greater hatred of right wing Nazism than

masks:
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Stewart
James Farrar
Farrar
Stewart


title: Stewart Farrar

type: original

texts:
 he already held. Communism, the army and journalism: 1937–1957

Returning to Britain, <mask> immersed himself in propagating communism, joining the Communist Party of Great Britain, and working for the communist tabloid, the Daily Worker.In 1939, he fell in love with and married Jean Clarke, a fellow communist. When war broke out against Nazi Germany in 1939, he immediately volunteered for the British army, feeling that he could put his military training to good use to fight against fascism. Instead of being sent abroad to fight, he was stationed in Britain, where he was set to work training new recruits in various combat techniques, and as such was stationed at a variety of different barracks. In 1940 he was stationed at Whitstable, though soon moved to Ashford, and the following year, his first son, Tony, was born. He was subsequently moved to Pembrokeshire in Wales, where he began having an affair with his secretary. Soon after this he divorced his wife, who likewise was also having an affair. Meanwhile, his war work largely involved working as an instructor in Anti-aircraft gunnery during World War II.He also wrote an instruction manual for a Bofors gun. In 1945, he remarried, this time to a woman named Jean Mackinlay who was a lance-corporal in the Auxiliary Territorial Service. She would later provide him with his second child, Andy, just after <mask> himself was demobbed from the army in 1946, following the defeat of Germany. He was subsequently stationed in Berlin, where he worked as a civilian officer for the Allied Control Commission for Germany, and where, being separated from his second wife, he began to have an affair with his personal assistant, Hilke Carstens, a woman who would be described by <mask>'s biographer Elizabeth Guerra as "the love of his life and the woman who was to haunt his memories for years to come." Despite his love for Hilke, who would die of food poisoning only a few years later, <mask> returned to England, where with his wife and son, he moved to Bedford, where she would bear him a

masks: Farrar Farrar Farrar Farrar


title: Stewart Farrar

texts:
 second child, a daughter named Lindsay, in 1948. Setting himself up as a journalist once more, <mask> briefly worked for the international news company Reuters, before becoming the English-language edition editor for the Soviet Weekly, a newspaper published by the Soviet Embassy. It was through this appointment that he became a great friend to a prominent communist Petrovich Baikov, who was First Secretary of the Embassy.Meanwhile, he began to have an affair with Rachael 'Rae' Kaplin, a Jewish teacher who worked as a youth organiser for the Communist Party, and eventually decided to leave his wife and children to move in and live with her. The divorce from his wife would only come through in 1950, and he subsequently married Kaplin, making her his third wife; in 1951 she would bear him his fourth and final child, Judith. The Communist Party later appointed him secretary of the British-Polish Friendship Society, and he would take a delegation of British trade unionists to visit Poland, visiting both the former Nazi extermination camp of Auschwitz and some of the Polish coal mines. However, upon his return to Britain, he began to split from the communist Soviet Union and its policies, particularly after he was shocked at the way that they violently dealt with the Hungarian Uprising in 1957. Whilst remaining a leftist, he disassociated himself with the Communist Party of Great Britain and ceased working for the Daily Worker. Scriptwriting: 1957–1969
Disillusioned with the route that the communist powers were taking, and wanting nothing more to do with the Soviet Union and its allies in Britain, he took up a job working first for R.H. Radford, a public relations firm and then Associated British Pathé where he eventually rose to the position of documentary writer. Meanwhile, his continued infidelity led to him and Kaplin separating in 1953, although it would only be in 1963 that he finally gained a divorce from her.During this time, he had entered into a new relationship with a woman named Beth Donovan, and she encouraged him


title: Stewart Farrar

texts: to continue seeing his children from previous relationships, whom in later life he always regretted neglecting; in 1958 however, they too split up. In 1959, he began yet another relationship, this time with a geography teacher named Barbara Williams, and they moved in together after only 11 days of first meeting. They would divorce in 1967, before remarrying in 1968, subsequently breaking up again the following year. In 1958, <mask> published his first novel, The Snake on 99, a whodunit crime story involving a Welsh detective known as Elwyn Morgan. In 1961 this was followed with Zero in the Gate, another whodunit this time set around a newspaper company, drawing on his prior experiences. Two years later, his third novel, Death in the Wrong Bed, came out, followed by a romance novel, Delphine, Be a Darling, which was published under the female pseudonym of <mask> at the advice of his publisher. In 1961, <mask> was sent by Pathé to Saudi Arabia, where the company was producing a documentary, and during this trip he visited the deserts of both Saudi Arabia and neighbouring Jordan.At the end of the following year, he was employed by ABC Television's Advanced Religious Training Course to train priests and clergymen in television techniques, a job he held for two years, and would later reminisce about getting drunk with two archbishops on one occasion. In 1963 he was then given the chance to write a script for a film, and the result, It's All Over Town, was produced featured the actor Frankie Vaughan. Another of <mask>'s most significant works was a documentary series that he scripted entitled Journey of a Lifetime, in which he travelled to the Holy Land in the Middle East to research, and later experienced what he described as an almost spiritual experience while visiting the mediaeval city of Petra. In 1964, he began writing freelance for various British television series, starting with an episode of Dr. Finlay's Casebook, and in later years would write episodes for Armchair Theatre and the soap opera Crossroads. <mask> would

masks:
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Laurie Stewart
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title: Stewart Farrar

texts:
 also co-write a 90-minute screenplay entitled Pity About the Abbey with his friend, Sir John Betjeman, who would later be made Poet Laureate. Pity About the Abbey was a story in which Westminster Abbey was destroyed to make way for a by-pass, and satirised what Farrar saw as the current trend to demolish significant or beautiful structures. It was filmed and broadcast by the BBC in July 1965.In 1967, <mask>'s wife fell in love with one of his best friends, Norman, and so he granted her a divorce, but remained both her and Norman's friend, carrying no resentment towards them. Feeling alone, he turned to his second wife, Jean Mackinlay, who herself had just recently divorced her second husband, and although she refused his offer of reigniting their relationship, they did once more become friends. In 1968 he re-united with another former lover, Beth Donovan, and married her, but he would leave her in June 1969 when he met a new woman, Isabel Sutherland, and subsequently moved in with her and her daughter. Meanwhile, in 1968 he won a Writer's Guild Award for his six-part radio serial Watch the Wall my Darling, which was based upon the poem A Smuggler's Song by one of his favourite poets, Rudyard Kipling. Following this, in February of the following year, he once more returned to journalism, taking up employment with the popular weekly magazine Reveille. Involvement with Wicca: 1969–2000
<mask> was sent by Reveille to a press screening of the film Legend of the Witches. The screening was also attended by Alex Sanders and Maxine Sanders, the founders of Alexandrian Wicca, who had served as advisors during the film's creation.According to his biography at mystica.com, <mask> was "skeptical about Witchcraft but was interested in Sanders upon meeting him". The paper requested that <mask> interview Sanders and published the interview as a two-part story. Sanders, "impressed" with the interview, invited <mask> to attend an Alexandrian Wiccan initiation ritual, and prompted <mask> to write an entire book on Wicca. According to

masks: Stewart Farrar Farrar Farrar Farrar Farrar


title: Stewart Farrar

texts:
 mystica.com, <mask> "found the ceremony both dignified and moving". <mask> began work on his first non-fiction book, What Witches Do, and began taking classes on witchcraft from the Sanders'. Maxine Sanders remembers <mask> as "a charming man, a sincere student with an active flexible mind". Maxine Sanders also notes that it was in response to <mask>'s questions about how to describe their practice in his book that the Alexandrian tradition was named.On 21 February 1970 <mask> was initiated into Alexandrian Wicca and joined the Sanders' coven. Farrar met his future wife, then Janet Owen (34 years his junior), in the coven. <mask> asserts that the couple were both elevated to the second degree "in an unoccupied house in Sydenham" by the Sanders on 17 October 1970, and that they received the third, and final, degree of initiation in their flat 24 April 1971. Two of Janet and <mask>'s coven - "Don and Barbara" were present, as were the Sanders coven. <mask> remembers the initiation well, as Maxine invoked Sekhmet to banish one of her coven members. She broke her flail during this banishing. Recently their 3rd Degree initiation has been disputed by some Alexandrian "revisionists", unaware that <mask> kept an archive of all his correspondences with the Sanders and possessed copies of both his own and the Sanders' coven records that unequivocally prove that the initiation took place.What Witches Do was published in 1971. The book has been called "controversial" because of <mask>'s assertion that Sanders should be "ranked above Gerald B. Gardner and alongside of Aleister Crowley and Eliphas Levi in terms of magical achievement". <mask> later backed away from the assessment, although he did later state that he believed that Sanders "was both a charlatan and a genuine magician". The relationship between Alex Sanders and <mask> became one of mutual respect after letters began to be exchanged between them in 1977. To quote Sanders (8 March 1997):
Your letters give off good vibrations of work and happiness. I feel that all our

masks:
Farrar
Farrar
Farrar
Farrar
Farrar
Janet Farrar
Stewart
Janet Farrar
Stewart Farrar
Farrar
Farrar
Stewart Farrar


title: Stewart Farrar

texts: growing pains concerning publicity and personalities of the Wicca, are beginning to bear fruit. A few of us in the midst of many are beginning to establish the foundation (I mean the building itself) on the raw materials, to get the foundation stone in place.They remained in dialogue until Alex Sanders' death in the late 1980s. <mask> and Owen had begun running their own coven in 1971, before their third degree initiation ceremony, and were handfasted in 1972 and legally married in 1975. The ceremony was attended by <mask>'s two daughters and two sons from three previous marriages - his marriage to Owen was his sixth. The late 1970s saw the publication of several more novels by Farrar, all of which were occult-themed fantasy novels or science fiction. <mask> left Reveille to pursue a full-time freelance writing career in 1974. In 1976 the Farrars moved to Ireland to get away from the busy life of London. They lived in County Mayo and County Wexford, finally settling in "Herne Cottage" in Kells, County Meath.Both husband and wife went on to publish a number of "classic" and "influential" books on the Wiccan religion and on coven practices. Their 1981 Eight Sabbats for Witches included material the authors claimed to be from the Alexandrian tradition's Book of Shadows. The <mask>s, with the support of Doreen Valiente, argued in the book that even though the publishing of this material broke their oath of secrecy, it was justified by the need to correct misinformation. <mask> indicates that some of the rituals contained in the couple's books were actually written by them, this includes the Oak King/Holly King cycle which they researched from Robert Grave's "White Goddess". This was the first use of this cycle in any Wiccan Book of Shadows, and has been adopted into many traditions since. Although they never officially left the Alexandrian tradition, after the book's research was complete they stopped using the term to describe themselves. The couple co-authored four more books on Wicca.They were joined by Gavin Bone, with

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Janet Farrar


title: Stewart Farrar

texts:
 whom they entered into a "polyfidelitous relationship". The three of them would co-author two more books; The Healing Craft and The Pagan Path (an investigation into the many varieties of Neopaganism). In 1999 the Farrars received the Aquarian Tabernacle Church charter for Ireland, and were ordained as third level clergy. Death
<mask> died on 7 February 2000 after a brief illness. A biography on <mask> entitled Writer on a Broomstick by Elizabeth Guerra was published in February 2008 by R. J. Stewart books. Bibliography
The following books, written by <mask> as the sole author are works of fiction, with the exception of What Witches Do. With <mask>
The following are non-fiction books.Eight Sabbats for Witches (1981) Robert Hale, London
The Witches' Way (1984) Robert Hale, London
The Witches' Goddess: The Feminine Principle of Divinity (1987) Robert Hale, London
The Life and Times of a Modern Witch (1987) Piatkus Books, London
The Witches' God: Lord of the Dance (1989) Robert Hale, London
Spells and How They Work (1990) Robert Hale, London
A Witches' Bible: The Complete Witches' Handbook (1996 re-issue of The Witches' Way and Eight Sabbats for Witches) Robert Hale, London

With <mask> and Gavin Bone
Pagan Path: The Wiccan Way of Life (1995) Phoenix Publishing
The Healing Craft: Healing Practices for Witches and Pagans (1999) Phoenix Publications Inc., Custer, WA
The Complete Dictionary of European Gods and Goddesses (2000) Capall Bann Publishers
Progressive Witchcraft  (2004) New Pages Books

Notes and references

External links

1916 births
2000 deaths
Alexandrian Wicca
British Army personnel of World War II
Communist Party of Great Britain members
English communists
English male journalists
English occult writers
English religious writers
English Wiccans
Wiccan writers
People educated at the City of London School
People from Highams Park
Royal Artillery officers
Former Christian Scientists
Alumni of University College London
20th-century English novelists
Converts to pagan religions from Protestantism
British

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Farrar
Stewart Farrar
Farrar
Janet Farrar
Janet Farrar


title: Carlos Moore (writer)

texts:
<mask> (born 4 November 1942) is a writer, social researcher, professor and activist, dedicated to the study of African and Afro-American history and culture. <mask> holds two doctorates, in Human sciences and in Ethnology from the Paris Diderot University, and speaks five languages. At various periods he lived in France, Africa, the United States of America, Brazil and the Caribbean

<mask> is widely recognized for his outspokenness against racism, defense of pan-Africanism, his scholarly work and for writing the authorized biography of the Nigerian singer, saxophonist and activist Fela Kuti, Fela, Fela: This Bitch of a Life, which inspired the stage musical Fela! Biography

Early years
He was born <mask> in Central Lugareño, near the town of Nuevitas in Camaguey, Cuba, to working-class Jamaican parents. His biological father, Whitfield Marshall, was from Trinidad and Tobago and his mother, Winifred Rebecca Wedderburn, was from Jamaica. However, until his tenth birthday, <mask> grew up with his mother and stepfather, <mask>, also from Jamaica, until the family disintegrated. In 1958, to escape the civil war and in search of better opportunities, <mask> at the age of 15 emigrated to New York City with his stepfather and siblings.In New York, <mask> lived with his stepfather and his stepmother Gladys King, a native of Costa Rica. He attended high school, while being doubly impacted by the civil rights movement on the surge in the United States and the struggles for decolonisation of Africa. He returned to Cuba in 1961, at the height of the revolution, working as a translator in the Cuban Ministries of Communications

masks:
Carlos Moore
Moore
Moore
Charles Moore Wedderburn
Carlos Moore
Victor Moore
Moore
Moore


title: Carlos Moore (writer)

texts:
 and, later, of Foreign Affairs. However, he became unhappy with the way Fidel Castro's regime was handling matters pertaining to race. Denouncing what he perceived as an attempt by the Cuban government to ignore racism, <mask> fell out of favor with the leadership and was imprisoned twice. After taking refuge in the Guinean embassy he fled the island on 4 November 1963 and sought refuge in Egypt and France. Exile and career
<mask> arrived in Egypt in December 1963 at the age of 21.He worked for a year with an African liberation movement led by Jonas Savimbi, a Marxist-Trotskyist and pro-Maoist Angolan leader with whom <mask> was close during this period. One year after his arrival in Egypt, <mask> was imprisoned for a month by the immigration authorities of that country for being in an irregular situation. After this, he left Egypt and took refuge in France in 1964, where the Cuban authorities refused him a passport. In France, <mask> received an interdisciplinary education at the University of Paris 7, where he earned two doctorates, one in ethnology and the other the prestigious Doctorat d'État in human sciences. From 1970 to 1984, <mask> was active in various professional fields. In Paris, he was a Latin America desk journalist at Agence France-Presse (AFP) and a political journalist in African affairs for the weekly magazine Jeune Afrique. He studied and worked in France until 1974, when he became involved in the initial phase of FESTAC '77 (the Second World Black Festival of Arts and Culture) in Lagos, Nigeria.He then moved to Senegal, where, at the invitation of the scientist Cheikh Anta Diop, he lived for

masks:
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Carlos Moore
Moore
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Moore
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title: Carlos Moore (writer)

texts: several years with his family. <mask>, who was already a friend of Diop's, became his personal assistant on pan-African projects, also serving him as interpreter/translator. At the time, Diop ran the radiocarbon laboratory of the Institute for Basic Research in Black Africa (IFAN) in Dakar, Senegal. Years later, <mask> was a personal consultant for Latin American affairs to the Secretary General of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), Dr. Edem Kodjo. Between 1986 and 1988, <mask> was a visiting professor in the department of sociology at Florida International University. In 1987, he organized the conference "Negritude, Afro Cultures and Ethnicity in the Americas" with the participation of renowned intellectuals such as Aimé Césaire, Maya Angelou, Leopold Senghor, Alex Haley, Victoria Santa Cruz, Rex Nettleford, Lélia Gonzalez, Manuel Zapata Olivella, Rex Nettleford, and Abdias do Nascimento. In 1988, Lincoln University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, invited him as Professor of Negritude, Race and Diaspora Studies.In the period between 1990 and 1994, <mask> taught international relations courses at the University of the Antilles and Guyana, with branches in Martinique, Guadeloupe and Guyana, and from 1996 to 2002, he was a senior lecturer of Latin American affairs at the Institute of International Relations of the University of the West Indies, at Trinidad and Tobago. Concurrently, he was a personal consultant on Latin American affairs to the Secretary General of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), Dr. Edwin Carrington. In 1982, the authorized biography  of Nigerian Afrobeat musician Fela Kuti, written by <mask>

masks:
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Moore
Moore
Moore
Carlos Moore


title: Carlos Moore (writer)

texts:
 was published. Kuti was a personal friend of the writer. Fela, Fela: Cette Putain de Vie was first published in France, in 1982, by Éditions Karthala, then  in the United Kingdom as Fela: This Bitch of a Life , by Allison and Busby. The biography has since been translated into six languages. In 2009 it was reissued in the US by Lawrence Hill Books, including a foreword by Gilberto Gil and an introduction by Margaret Busby, and was subsequently published in a Nigerian edition by Cassava Republic Press, with an additional prologue by Lindsay Barrett.The Broadway musical Fela! (2009–2011) was inspired by this work, as recognized in the settlement of a copyright dispute over stage production rights. The 2019 documentary film My Friend Fela (Meu amigo Fela), made by Joel Zito Araújo, explores the complexity of Kuti's life "through the eyes and conversations" of <mask>. In recent years, <mask> has been living with his family between Brazil and Guadeloupe, writing about global racism, particularly racism in Brazil. Personal life
<mask>'s first wife, Shawna, was from the US, and they had a son together, Kimathi. <mask>'s second wife, Ayeola, whom he married in 1992, is from Guadeloupe. Selected bibliography

 Pichón – A Memoir: Race and Revolution in Castro's Cuba (Foreword by Maya Angelou), Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books/Chicago Review Press, 2008, .African Presence in the Americas (with Tanya R. Sanders and Shawna <mask>, eds), Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1995, . Castro, the Blacks, and Africa, Los Angeles: Center for Afro-American Studies, University of California, 1988, . Were Marx and Engels Racists? – The

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore


title: Carlos Moore (writer)

texts:
 prolet-Aryan outlook of Marx and Engels, Chicago: Institute of Positive Education, 1972. Accessed 4 February 2013. Racismo & Sociedade, Belo Horizonte, Brasil: Editora Nandyala, 2012. .
 A África Que Incomoda: sobre a problematização do legado africano no quotidiano brasileiro, Belo Horizonte, Brasil: Editora Nandyala, 2008, 2010, . Preface to the book "Discurso sobre A Negritude"  by Aimé Césaire, Belo Horizonte, Brasil: Editora  Nandyala, 2010, .Fela Kuti biography – editions and translations

Fela, Fela: Cette Putain de Vie (French edition),  Paris, France: Éditions Karthala, 1982, . Fela, Fela: This Bitch of a Life (first English-language edition), London, England: Allison & Busby, 1982, . Fela: This Bitch of a Life (revised English-language edition, with Foreword by Gilberto Gil and Introduction by Margaret Busby), Chicago, United States: Lawrence Hill Books/Chicago Review Press, 2009, . Fela: This Bitch of a Life (with Preface by Gilberto Gil, and Prologue by Lindsay Barrett), Abuja, Nigeria: Cassava Republic Press, 2010, . Fela Kuti: This Bitch of a Life (German translation), Berlin: Haffmans & Tolkemitt, 2013, . Fela, Esta vida Puta (Portuguese translation by Bruno Madeira: Preface by Gilberto Gil), Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Editora Nandyala, 2011, . Fela, Questa bastarda di una vita (Italian translation by Marco Zanotti), Arcana, 2012, .Fela, This Bitch of a Life (translated to Japanese by Junko Kikuchi), Tokyo, Japan: Kenbukkusu, 2013, . References

External links
 <mask> in Google Books

1942 births
Living people
Cuban male writers
Cuban exiles
Cuban activists
People from Camagüey
University of Paris


title: Peggy Eaton

texts:
Margaret O'Neill (or O'Neale) <mask> (December 3, 1799 – November 8, 1879), was the wife of <mask>, a United States Senator from Tennessee and United States Secretary of War, and a confidant of Andrew Jackson. Their marriage was the cause of a national controversy known as the Petticoat Affair. While better known in history as <mask>, Margaret stated in her autobiography, "I never was called <mask> in all my life. . . . I was ordinarily called by my proper name of Margaret." Early life
Margaret O'Neill was the daughter of Rhoda Howell and William O'Neill, the owner of Franklin House, a popular Washington, D.C. hotel. She had five siblings: William, Robert, John, Mary, and Georgianna. As a girl, she was noted for her beauty, wit and vivacity.Well-educated for her time and sex, she studied French and was known for her ability to play the piano. William T. Barry, who later served as Postmaster General, wrote "of a charming little girl ... who very frequently plays the piano, and entertains us with agreeable songs." As a young girl, her reputation was already under scrutiny because she worked in a bar frequented by men and casually bantered with the boardinghouse clientele. An elderly Margaret reminisced that, "While I was still in pantalets and rolling hoops with other girls I had the attention of men, young and old, enough to turn a girl's head." First marriage
About 1816, at age 17, Margaret O'Neill married John B. Timberlake, a 39-year-old purser in the Navy. Her parents gave them a house across from the hotel, and they met many politicians who stayed there. In

masks:
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John Henry Eaton
Peggy
Peggy


title: Peggy Eaton

texts:
 1818 they met and befriended John Henry <mask>, a 28-year-old widower and newly elected senator from Tennessee.Margaret and John Timberlake had three children: William (b. 1817; d. 1818); Mary Virginia (b. 1819); and Margaret Rosa (1825-1855). Second marriage and scandal
John Timberlake died in 1828 while at sea in the Mediterranean, in service on a four-year voyage. Though the conventions of society required an extended mourning period, the widow Margaret Timberlake married Senator <mask> on January 1, 1829, just nine months after Timberlake's death. As a result, rumors circulated that Timberlake had committed suicide because of despair at an alleged affair between his wife and <mask>. An autopsy concluded that Timberlake died of pneumonia brought on by pulmonary disease.After <mask> was appointed as Secretary of War, rumors continued and <mask> was snubbed by other cabinet wives. Her honor was defended by President Andrew Jackson, and she became the subject of the Petticoat affair, in which the wives of cabinet members and other prominent Washingtonians refused to pay social calls on the Eatons and refused them invitations to parties and other events. Jackson tried unsuccessfully to coerce the cabinet wives into ending their snubbing of the <mask>s. Vice President John C. Calhoun, whose wife, Floride Calhoun, was seen as the anti-<mask> ringleader, supported his wife. This caused Jackson to transfer his favor to widower Martin Van Buren, the Secretary of State, who had taken the <mask>s' side and shown positive social attention to Margaret. Van Buren helped end

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title: Peggy Eaton

texts:
 the Petticoat Affair by resigning, which gave Jackson the ability to remove his anti-Eaton cabinet members. Calhoun was not renominated for vice president and resigned shortly before the end of his term to accept election to the U.S. Senate.Van Buren became vice president in 1833, and was well-placed to become Jackson's successor in 1837. Societal implications
Historian John F. Marszalek explained his view of the real reasons Washington society found Margaret unacceptable:

She did not know her place; she forthrightly spoke up about anything that came to her mind, even topics of which women were supposed to be ignorant. She thrust herself into the world in a manner inappropriate for a woman. ... Accept her, and society was in danger of disruption. Accept this uncouth, impure, forward, worldly woman, and the wall of virtue and morality would be breached and society would have no further defenses against the forces of frightening change. <mask> was not that important in herself; it was what she represented that constituted the threat.Proper women had no choice; they had to prevent her acceptance into society as part of their defense of that society's morality. Author Jon Meacham points out that <mask>'s life was unusual for its time. She was, according to Meacham "by her own account ... an outgoing flirt" –  her tongue was "ungoverned, and ungovernable." He also points out that she craved attention: "At various points in her life she was courted by an adjutant general, a major and a captain – which delighted her." In a memoir published long after her death, Margaret

masks:
Margaret Eaton
Margaret Eaton


title: Peggy Eaton

texts:
 admitted to the accuracy of some of the characterizations of her: "The fact is, I never had a lover who was not a gentleman and was not in a good position in society." "I must have said a great many foolish things"  wrote Margaret, "I am sure I did very few wise ones. I was foolish, hasty, but not vicious."Refusing to defend herself directly, <mask> expressed her opinion of her critics this way: "I was quite as independent as they, and had more powerful friends ... None of them had beauty, accomplishments or graces in society of any kind, and for these reasons ... they were jealous of me." Meacham observes that, "it's impossible ... to assess the truth of the charges" lodged by her enemies, but "she offers this "interesting defense":

"Just let a little commonsense be exercised. While I do not pretend to be a saint, and do not think I was ever very much stocked with sense, and lay no claim to be a model woman in any way, I put it to the candor of the world whether the slanders which have been uttered against me are to be believed." Third marriage and later life

Three years after the death of her second husband, <mask> married Antonio Gabriele Buchignani, an Italian music teacher and dancing master, on June 7, 1859. She was 59 and he was in his mid-20s. The marriage reignited much of the social stigma Margaret had carried earlier in life. In 1866, their seventh year of marriage, Buchignani ran off to Europe with the bulk of his wife's fortune as well as her 17-year-old granddaughter Emily E. Randolph.He married Randolph after he and Margaret divorced in 1869.


title: Peggy Eaton

texts:
 Although <mask> obtained a divorce from Buchignani, she was not able to recover her financial standing. She died in poverty in Washington, D.C. on November 8, 1879, and was buried at Oak Hill Cemetery. Cultural references
The 1936 film The Gorgeous Hussy, starring Joan Crawford, was loosely based on the life of Margaret O'Neill. The Petticoat Affair, and Margaret’s role in it, is used to teach a lesson to Senator Henry Wilson by Francis Blair in “Freedom” by William Safire, Chapter 21 of Book One. References

Further reading

"Margaret 'Peggy' <mask>", The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, Tennessee Historical Society, Nashville, Tennessee, 1998. Allgor, Catherine.Parlor Politics: In Which the Ladies of Washington Help Build a City and a Government. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2000. Coit, Margaret L. "<mask>, Margaret O'Neale", Notable American Women, Vol. 1, 4th ed., The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1975 (reprinted from 1911). Latner, Richard B. "The Eaton Affair Reconsidered." Tennessee Historical Quarterly (1977): 330–51 in JSTOR
Marszalek, John F. The Petticoat Affair: Manners, Mutiny and Sex in Andrew Jackson's White House.Louisiana State University Press, 2000. Meacham, Jon. American Lion (2008)
 Wood, Kirsten E. "'One Woman so Dangerous to Public Morals': Gender and Power in the Eaton Affair." Journal of the Early Republic (1997): 237–75. in JSTOR

External links

"Little Friend Peg", Founders of America

1799 births
1879 deaths
19th-century American people
19th-century American women
People from

masks:
Margaret Eaton
Eaton
Eaton


title: Dmytro Yarosh

texts:
<mask> (; born 30 September 1971) is a Ukrainian activist, politician, and military commander who is the main commander of the Ukrainian Volunteer Army). From 2013 to 2015, he led the Right Sector organisation. In late 2015, he withdrew from the Right Sector. From 2014 until 2019, <mask> served as a People's Deputy of Ukraine. In February 2016, he started a new organisation called Governmental Initiative of Yarosh (DIYA). In the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election, <mask> received 127,772 votes (0.7% of the total). He was elected to the Verkhovna Rada in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election from a single-seat constituency in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast by winning 29.76% of the votes.He lost the seat in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election. On 25 July 2015, at the request of the Russian authorities, Interpol placed <mask> on its international wanted list. Since 2 January 2016 this request no longer appears on Interpol's website. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on 30 September 1971 in Dniprodzerzhynsk (now Kamianske), a town in predominantly Russian-speaking Dnipropetrovsk Oblast in central-eastern Ukraine. <mask> grew up in a Russian-speaking family. His mother worked in a car factory and his father an engineer at a machine plant. <mask> has described his early years as "a happy Soviet childhood."His father refused to join the Communist Party, although Yarosh claims he was asked to join many times. In 1988 <mask> graduated from High School #24 of Dniprodzerzhynsk. As almost all pre-teens and young teenagers in the Soviet Union, he was a member of Young Pioneers and later the Countrywide Leninist Communist Youth League organisations, youth-based sub-organisations of the Communist Party. In the mid-1980s, Yarosh became interested in politics and according to him the Soviet Union "It became clear that the system was false. In 1989, Yarosh,

masks:
Dmytro Anatoliyovych Yarosh
Yarosh
Yarosh
Yarosh
Yarosh
Yarosh
Yarosh
Yarosh


title: Dmytro Yarosh

texts:
 who was 18 at the time, and a group of friends (who were all about twelve years old) were, allegedly, the first people who to raise the yellow-blue flag of Ukraine in eastern Ukraine, more precisely in Dneprodzerzhinsk. The flag was sewed by his grandmother and her sister with cloth bought by Yarosh. Starting in February 1989, Yarosh was a member of People's Movement of Ukraine organisation.From October 1989 to November 1991 he was drafted and served two years in the Soviet army as a private. During the dissolution of the Soviet Union, <mask> joined Ukrainian nationalist groups. In 1994, he joined the Tryzub organisation, which he has led since 2005. Political activities
Since October 1988, <mask> has been active in Ukrainian politics: in February 1989, he became a member of the People’s Movement of Ukraine, coinciding with his service in the Soviet Army. In 1994, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, <mask> was one of the founders of the Ukrainian nationalist organisation Tryzub. He later became head of Tryzub in 2005. In October 2010, he tried to create a unified Ukrainian nationalist movement.In 2001, <mask> graduated from the State University of Education in Drohobych, Ukraine (today the ). On 1 April 2013, <mask> became an assistant-consultant to the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament) deputy from the Ukrainian Democratic Alliance for Reform Valentyn Nalyvaichenko, they are long-time friends. 2014 revolution

During the Euromaidan protests in early 2014, Tryzub became the core of the newly-founded Right Sector, a coalition of right-wing nationalists. During these protests Yarosh advocated for a "national revolution" and dismissed the Viktor Yanukovych administration as an "internal occupational regime". In early February, weeks before the ousting of President Yanukovych, <mask> stated in an interview that there would be no civil war in

masks: Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh


title: Dmytro Yarosh

texts: Ukraine because 80% of the population did not support Yanukovych. Right before the 21 February ouster of Yanukovych, in the 2014 Ukrainian revolution, <mask> claims he and the Right Sector leadership was consulted by Yanukovych on the deal Yanukovych had signed with the opposition to end Euromaidan. Yarosh refused to endorse this agreement and refused to disarm Right Sector.In the aftermath of the collapse of Yanukovych's regime, <mask> demanded to be appointed Vice Prime Minister for the law enforcement matters, but his demand was rejected; he was offered a post of the Deputy Secretary of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine instead, but <mask> rejected this position as being beneath him. There were discussions of appointing Yarosh deputy head of the Security Service of Ukraine, but these discussions quickly petered out for unknown reasons. On 20 April 2014, <mask> <mask> claims he was ordered by acting President Oleksandr Turchinov to lead 20 Right Sector members to sabotage an insurgent-controlled television tower in Sloviansk, leading to the first combat fatalities in the Siege of Sloviansk. <mask> denied his role in these events until two years later. <mask> was a candidate in the 25 May 2014 Ukrainian presidential election. A poll conducted by the "Socis" research center (from 25 February – 4 March 2014) predicted that <mask>'s candidacy received the support of 1.6% of the people who were surveyed. On election day he actually received 0.7% of the votes.In January 2019 <mask> stated he only took part in the election "not to destroy the revolutionary structures after the revolution". He also stated that he was fully aware it was "virtually impossible" he could win the election and that because he was engaged in military action since the first days of April 2014 he did not campaign. <mask> took part in the 2014 Ukrainian

masks: Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Dmytro Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh


title: Dmytro Yarosh

texts:
 parliamentary election as a Right Sector candidate in single-member district number 39 (first-past-the-post wins a parliament seat) located in Vasylkivka Raion. He won a parliamentary seat by winning this constituency with 29.76% of the votes. <mask> did not join a faction in the Verkhovna Rada (Ukraine's parliament). He did join the inter-factional group Ukrop. Military and withdrawal from Right Sector
During the Second Battle of Donetsk Airport, <mask> was wounded on 21 January 2015 by an exploding Grad rocket in the nearby village of Pisky.He was evacuated out of the conflict zone. In early April 2015, Ukraine's defence ministry announced that MP <mask> <mask> was to become an aide to military chief Viktor Muzhenko and that his Right Sector fighting group would be integrated into the Armed Forces of Ukraine. <mask> resigned as Right Sector leader on 11 November 2015. After he was wounded on 21 January 2015 he had delegated tasks to others in the organisation and he stated on 11 November 2015 he "did not want to be a wedding general". Especially since he claimed "my positions were not always the same as the aspirations of some of the leadership". Late December 2015 <mask> announced he was forming a new political party that would have its founding congress in February 2016. Governmental Initiative of Yarosh
In February 2016 Yarosh started a new organisation called Governmental Initiative of Yarosh (DIYA).The departure of <mask> resulted in at least 20% of Right Sector members leaving with him. According to Yarosh DIYA will be a public movement like People's Movement of Ukraine was in its early days. <mask> did not participate in the 2019 Ukrainian presidential election. In the election he endorsed the candidacy of Ruslan Koshulynskyi. In the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election DIYA joined a united party list with the political parties of Svoboda,

masks: Yarosh Yarosh Dmytro Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh


title: Dmytro Yarosh

texts:
 Right Sector and National Corps. <mask> himself was placed 3rd on the party list. But in the election they won not enough votes to clear the 5% election threshold and thus no parliamentary seats.The party did also not win a single-mandate constituency parliamentary seat. On November 2, 2021, <mask> said on social media he had been appointed Adviser to the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Valerii Zaluzhnyi. In response to a (December 2021) request by Ukrayinska Pravda the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine refused to disclose details of its alleged cooperation with Yarosh citing the confidentiality of the information requested. Prior to this request the (army) post of public advisers had been liquidated. Personal life
<mask> met his wife Olha, who Yarosh claims
was his first love, in elementary school. The couple married in 1993 and has 3 children: daughters Anastasya and Jarina and son <mask>. On 11 March 2014 grandson Nazar was born.<mask> was baptized in the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, (he claims) because "Then there was no other." In 1994 <mask> converted to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. Political positions and views
Yarosh calls himself a follower of Stepan Bandera
<mask> proposed to ban the Party of Regions of Ukraine, as well as the Communist Party of Ukraine. He considers Russia as a main adversary of Ukraine, although he also has little patience for Western influence on Ukraine either. The Spiegel Online reported: "For years, Yarosh has been fighting for the "de-Russification" of Ukraine ... He believes that "anti-Christian" powers are afoot in the European Union and that Brussels forces people into lifestyles such as gay marriage. ...He doesn't see Europe or NATO as a potential partner and has stated that the US is also part of an "anti-Ukrainian front"." Yarosh has denied

masks: Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Dmytro Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh


title: Dmytro Yarosh

texts:
 allegations of anti-Semitism, but in a book he wrote "I wonder how it came to pass that most of the billionaires in Ukraine are Jews?" "For all the years of Ukraine's independence, Russia has pursued a systematic, targeted policy of subjugation toward Ukraine ... So of course we will prepare for a conflict with them, ...If they stick their faces here like they did in Georgia in 2008, they'll get it in the teeth." "Sooner or later, we are doomed to fight a war with [the] Moscow empire." "We're not using oligarchs' money in politics, but when a war is on, we do not object to their funding the army." Public image
Yarosh is a controversial figure.In Russia's state-run media he has been described as a "radical nationalist". Mainstream Western media has generally called him a radical or extreme nationalist. Some mainstream and left-wing sources have denounced him as a "fascist". Reactions in Russia
On 12 March, an editor of privately owned Lenta.ru website, Galina Timchenko, was fired by the company's owner Alexander Mamut for publishing a link to an interview with Yarosh he gave two days earlier, after Russian media regulatory agency Roskomnadzor formally warned the Lenta.ru website for publishing this link. In this interview <mask> said: "Sooner or later, we are doomed to fight a war with [the] Moscow empire". Criminal charges
On 1 March 2014 Right Sector's page on Russian online social networking service VKontakte showed an entry with <mask> Yarosh's alleged appeal to Dokka Umarov, a Chechen militant guerrilla leader associated with Al-Qaeda, for support of Ukraine. On 2 March 2014, Right Sector's spokesman Art Skoropadskyi denied the message was posted and approved by Yarosh.According to the spokesman, this alleged appeal to Umarov appeared on Right Sector's VKontakte webpage after one of its administrator's accounts was hacked. VKontakte blocks the

masks: Yarosh Dmytro


title: Dmytro Yarosh

texts:
 page at a request of an Attorney General of Russia. On 11 March 2014 Russian State Duma deputy Valery Rashkin urged Russian special services to "follow Mossad examples" and assassinate leaders of Right sector <mask> <mask> and Oleksandr Muzychko. On 12 March 2014  of Moscow ordered <mask>'s arrest on the charge of public inciting of terrorism. In March 2014 Russia launched a criminal case against <mask>, and some members (including party leader Oleh Tyahnybok) of Svoboda and UNA-UNSO, for "organising an armed gang" that had allegedly fought against Russian 76th Guards Air Assault Division in a First Chechen War and for "public calls for extremism and public calls for terrorism". <mask> has been placed on an international wanted list by Interpol at the request of the Russian Federation on 25 July 2015. The charge last alleges he "incriminated [himself by making] public appeals to terrorism and extremism."These two actions are a crime according to Russian criminal code (205th and 280th articles, respectively). <mask> has been placed on an international wanted list by the Russian Federation. This made him the only person wanted internationally after the beginning of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia in 2014. Since 2 Januari 2016 Yarosh name can not be found on the international wanted list that is visible on Interpol's website. Notes

References

1971 births
Living people
People from Kamianske
Members of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
People's Movement of Ukraine politicians
Ukrainian nationalists
Eighth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada
Ukrainian activists
People of the Euromaidan
People of the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation
Candidates in the 2014 Ukrainian presidential election
Pro-Ukrainian people of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine
Ukrainian military personnel of the war in Donbas
Recipients of the Order of

masks: Dmytro Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh Yarosh


title: Darrel Baldock

texts:
<mask> AM (29 September 1938 – 2 February 2011) was an Australian sportsman and state politician. He played Australian rules football for the St Kilda Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL), East Devonport Football Club and Latrobe Football Club in the North West Football Union (NWFU), and New Norfolk Football Club in the Tasmanian Australian National Football League (TANFL). He was also a handy cricketer, successful racehorse trainer and served in the Tasmanian House of Assembly. Nicknamed "The Doc" and "Mr. Magic", Baldock is a Legend in the Australian Football Hall of Fame. He represented both Victoria and Tasmania in interstate matches, and captained St Kilda to its first premiership. He also served as senior coach of Latrobe and St Kilda. Playing career
Born to <mask> and Jean Robertson Purdie, Baldock made his junior football debut for East Devonport in Tasmania's now defunct North-West Football Union in 1955 at the age of 16.He was selected in the NWFU team for intrastate matches and won the club best and fairest award that year. Even then, Baldock was already famous for his ball handling skills and balance. Baldock played 71 games for East Devonport before he switched to Latrobe in 1959. At the age of 20, Baldock became the youngest player ever to captain Tasmania. A ready-made superstar, Baldock ventured across Bass Strait in 1962 to play for St Kilda in the Victorian Football League (VFL), where he had an instant impact. Baldock played at centre half-forward and was made captain of St Kilda's "Team of the Century" in 2002, and named as the initial "legend" in the St Kilda Football Club Hall of Fame in 2003. In 1969, Baldock returned to Tasmania and captain-coached Latrobe to four consecutive NWFU premierships from 1969 to 1972.Baldock played 158 games for Latrobe before finishing in 1974. He then played four games for New Norfolk in 1975 before beginning his parliamentary career. In state representative matches, Baldock represented Victoria 10 times, Tasmania 15 times and the North-West Football Union 20

masks:
Darrel John Baldock
Reginald Cecil Baldock


title: Darrel Baldock

texts:
 times. Political career

Baldock was one of four Australian Labor Party candidates elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly on 22 April 1972 to represent the Division of Wilmot. Under Premier Bill Neilson, he was first appointed Minister for Housing and Social Welfare on 31 March 1975. He also served as Minister for Municipal Planning, Main Roads and Transport. Baldock resigned on 30 June 1987 to become coach of St Kilda.Coaching career
Prior to <mask>'s return to Moorabbin in 1987, the Saints had finished the previous four VFL seasons at the bottom of the ladder. Just as during his playing days, Baldock's impact on the club was immediate. He set about improving the skill level of the playing group, appointed Danny Frawley as captain and guided the talented but wayward full-forward Tony Lockett to become the first footballer to win the Coleman Medal and the Brownlow Medal in the same year. But just when it looked like St Kilda might reach the finals, Baldock suffered a minor stroke. He continued to coach for a further two years. Family and Later life
Baldock married Margaret Elizabeth Williams on 26 March 1960. Together they had three children - one son (who was killed in a car accident in 1981) and two daughters.After retiring, Baldock returned to Tasmania where he raced horses. His biography, <mask> <mask> – The Incomparable Mr Magic, was written by his friend Peter Lyons and published in June 2010. Baldock suffered from illness in his final years. He passed away at the Mersey Community Hospital in the early evening of 2 February 2011 of pneumonia and kidney failure following a fourth stroke. A state funeral was held at Latrobe, Tasmania on 11 February 2011. Those present included the St Kilda captain Nick Riewoldt, vice-captain Lenny Hayes, coach Ross Lyon, club president Greg Westaway, chief executive Michael Nettlefold and premiership teammate Kevin Neale. The AFL was represented by commissioner Graeme John, who had played against Baldock for South Melbourne.Honours
<mask> was inducted into the Australian Football Hall of

masks: Baldock Darrel Baldock Baldock


title: Darrel Baldock

texts:
 Fame in its inception in 1996 (as a player) and was upgraded to Legend in 2006. In 2004, he was named on the half forward flank and as captain in the Tasmanian Team of The Century. Baldock was also honoured by having the Northern Tasmania Football League 2000 Best and Fairest medal named after him. On 26 January 1991, Baldock was named a Member of the Order of Australia in recognition of service to the Tasmanian parliament and to Australian Rules Football. On 24 October 2000, he was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his contribution to Australian Football. In April 2014, at the entrance of the Latrobe Recreation Ground, the <mask> <mask> Memorial, which included a larger-than-life statue of Baldock and a garden, was unveiled in a public ceremony with friends and family in attendance. The project was completed over three years and cost $400,000, drawn from both state and federal funding as well as corporate and community donations to a memorial fund.References

Sources
 Atkinson, G. (1982) Everything you ever wanted to know about Australian rules football but couldn't be bothered asking, The Five Mile Press: Melbourne. . External links

Tasmanian Parliament profile
St Kilda honour roll

1938 births
2011 deaths
All-Australians (1953–1988)
Australian sportsperson-politicians
Australian Football Hall of Fame inductees
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Tasmania
Australian rules footballers from Tasmania
Deaths from pneumonia in Tasmania
Deaths from kidney failure
Infectious disease deaths in Tasmania
East Devonport Football Club players
Latrobe Football Club players
Members of the Tasmanian House of Assembly
New Norfolk Football Club players
People from Devonport, Tasmania
St Kilda Football Club coaches
St Kilda Football Club players
St Kilda Football Club Premiership players
Tasmania cricketers
Trevor Barker Award winners
Australian cricketers
Members of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Cricketers from Tasmania
Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame inductees
One-time VFL/AFL Premiership

masks: Darrel Baldock


title: Ouyang Yuqian

texts:
<mask> (; May 12, 1889 – September 21, 1962) was a Chinese playwright, Peking opera actor and writer, film screenwriter and director, and drama educator. He is considered by drama historians as one of the three founders of Chinese spoken drama, together with Tian Han and Hong Shen. He was also one of the top Peking opera performers, regarded as a southern counterpart of Mei Lanfang. <mask> was the founding president of the Central Academy of Drama from 1950 until his death in 1962. He also served as vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association, and chairman of the Chinese Dancers Association. Names
<mask>'s name at birth was <mask> (), and his hao was Nanjie (). He also used the stage names and pen names including Lanrong (), Liansheng (),  and Taohua Buyi'an Zhu ().Early life and education
<mask> <mask> born on 12 May 1889 into a wealthy and highly educated family in Liuyang, Hunan Province. His father was <mask> Ligeng (), and mother Liu Yixia (). His grandfather <mask> Zhonghu () was a scholar who served as governor of Guilin Prefecture during the Qing dynasty. When he was 15, <mask> went to study in Japan. He graduated from Seijo School (成城学校) in Tokyo, and then studied business at Meiji University and literature at Waseda University. In 1906, <mask> and other Chinese students in Japan co-founded the Spring Willow Society (, Chunliu She), which marked the beginning of modern Chinese theatre. Career

Early career — Peking opera and drama

He returned to China in 1911 and founded the New Play Comrade Society () with his Spring Willow colleague Lu Jingruo ().They later established the Spring Willow Theatre in Shanghai, but it went out of business when Lu died in 1915. In 1914, <mask> Yuqian began to write and act in Peking operas. From 1914 to 1928, he wrote 18 operas, and directed and performed in 29. He also adapted more than

masks:
Ouyang Yuqian
Ouyang Yuqian
Ouyang Yuqian
Ouyang Liyuan
Ouyang
Yuqian
Ouyang
Ouyang
Ouyang
Ouyang
Ouyang


title: Ouyang Yuqian

texts:
 50 traditional stories into Peking opera, including many from the classic novel Dream of the Red Chamber. His acting was so highly acclaimed that he was considered the southern counterpart of the master Mei Lanfang. In 1918, he was invited by Zhang Jian to establish an actors' school and the Gengsu Theatre () in Nantong, Jiangsu. Although a famous Peking opera performer, <mask> was also active in promoting the "New Play" (spoken drama).He joined several New Play societies in the 1910s and co-founded several pioneering drama troupes, including the Masses Theatre Society, the Drama Cooperative Society (), and the Southern Drama Society. During this period, he collaborated with like-minded dramatists and directors Hong Shen, Ying Yunwei, Zhang Shichuan, Zheng Zhengqiu, and Zhou Jianyun. In 1922, he wrote the play After Returning Home  (), considered one of the earliest satirical comedies in China. In his 1928 play Pan Jinlian, he depicted Pan Jinlian, the archetypal femme fatale of classical Chinese culture, as a free-spirited woman victimized by a male-dominated traditional society. He played the title role himself. 1920s and 1930s — film and drama

After Zhang, Zheng, and Zhou started the Mingxing Film Company in 1922, they invited <mask> Yuqian to join their studio, but <mask> declined because, according to himself, he was earning a "substantial salary" as a Peking opera performer. He did help out on several occasions, but at the same time wrote three films for the rival China Sun Motion Picture Company from 1926 to 1928.He acted in two of the three films, Why Not Her? () and A Wandering Songstress (), and directed the third, Three Years Later (). In 1929, <mask> <mask> was invited by Chen Mingshu, chairman of Guangdong Province, to establish the Guangdong Drama Research Institute in Guangzhou. His political view turned increasingly left-wing, especially after the 1932 Japanese attack of Shanghai. He

masks: Ouyang Ouyang Ouyang Ouyang Yuqian


title: Ouyang Yuqian

texts:
 joined the Left-Wing Dramatist League in Guangzhou and participated in the first drama festival in the Soviet Union. In 1933, he joined Chen Mingshu's Fujian Rebellion, and was forced to escape to Japan after its failure. After returning to Shanghai in 1934, <mask> <mask> joined Xinhua Film Company and wrote his first sound film New Peach Blossom Fan ().In 1935, he joined Mingxing, by then one of the largest Chinese film studios, and helped the studio secure a crucial bank loan using his own family resources. He made three films with Mingxing: Qingming Festival (), Xiao Lingzi (), and Red Haitang (). Japanese invasion and Civil War
<mask> <mask> joined Lianhua Film Company in 1937. While he was shooting the film So Busy (), the Empire of Japan launched a full-scale invasion of Shanghai, which destroyed most of the city's film studios. After Japan occupied the Chinese sections of Shanghai, <mask> made several anti-Japanese plays in the Shanghai International Settlement, before fleeing to British Hong Kong, where he wrote the screenplay for the patriotic film Mulan Joins the Army. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, <mask> Yuqian spent most of his time in Guilin, Guangxi in southwest China, which was largely free from Japanese occupation. He studied Guilin opera and established a school for the art.He established Guangxi Provincial Art Museum in 1940, and an art theatre 1944. In 1944, he and Tian Han organized the First Southwest Opera Expo in Guilin, which lasted three months and attracted almost a thousand performers. After the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II, he returned to Shanghai in 1946 and served as the playwright-director of New China Drama Society (). He also taught at Shanghai Experimental School of Drama. In January 1947, he led a delegation to perform in Taiwan, but had to leave when the February 28 Incident broken out. Because of the Chinese Civil War, <mask> left again for

masks: Ouyang Yuqian Ouyang Yuqian Ouyang Ouyang Ouyang


title: Ouyang Yuqian

texts:
 Hong Kong, and worked as the screenwriter-director of Yonghua Film Company. People's Republic of China

In March 1949, he was invited by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to attend the first Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.He was elected director of the Chinese National Opera Improvement Committee and a Standing Committee member of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles. <mask> <mask> became the founding president of Central Academy of Drama in April 1950. He joined the Communist Party of China in 1955. He also served as vice chairman of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, vice chairman of the Chinese Dramatists Association, and chairman of the Chinese Dancers Association. He was a member of the first National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the first and second National People's Congress. In his later years, he published several memoirs and books on film and drama theory, and a book on Tang dynasty dances. On 21 September 1962, <mask> Yuqian died of an illness in Beijing.Personal life

<mask> <mask> married Liu Yunqiu (), also known as Liu Wenqiu (), in 1906. They had a daughter, <mask> Jingru (; 13 September 1928–2013) and an adopted son <mask> Shanzun (; 24 May 1914–2 July 2009), who was also a dramatist. See also
Ouyang Yuqian Grand Theater, in Liuyang, Hunan

References

Bibliography

1889 births
1962 deaths
Male actors from Changsha
Chinese dramatists and playwrights
Film directors from Hunan
Chinese male Peking opera actors
Female impersonators in Peking opera
Writers from Changsha
Meiji University alumni
Waseda University alumni
Chinese film directors
20th-century Chinese dramatists and playwrights
Delegates to the 1st National People's Congress
Chinese silent film directors
20th-century Chinese  male  singers
20th-century Chinese male actors
Chinese expatriates in Japan
Dramatists of Chinese

masks: Ouyang Yuqian Ouyang Ouyang Yuqian Ouyang Ouyang


title: Pat Hennen

texts:
<mask> (born April 27, 1953 in Phoenix, Arizona) is an American former Grand Prix motorcycle road racer. He is notable for being the first American to win a 500 cc World Championship race, the 1976 500cc Finnish Grand Prix. Competing as a non-factory rider, he finished third overall in the GP World Championship standings that season, only 2 points behind runner-up Tepi Länsivuori and fellow Suzuki factory rider Barry Sheene. When competing in the 1978 Isle of Man TT races, he suffered career-ending injuries after recording the first ever sub-20 minute lap on a 500 cc Suzuki in the Senior TT. Early racing career

<mask> began his career racing in dirt track AMA District 36 dirt track racing events in Northern California. In 1973, he was teamed with John Gennai and later Rick Hocking riding Steve Doi-sponsored bikes, both of whom went on to AMA Pro National Championship Series dirt track racing. Hennen's dirt track success earned him the support of Suzuki factory road racer Ron Grant, who mentored Hennen and played a key role in helping him build a successful pro road race career.Hennen switched from professional dirt track to road racing full-time in 1973, but occasionally competed in selected AMA dirt track races, believing that his dirt track experience gave him a distinct advantage in road racing. Early pro career

In 1974, Hennen won all but one race of the AMA's Junior Road Race National Championship Series, earning him a spot on U.S. Suzuki's factory road race team for the 1975 season, alongside teammate and multi-time AMA National Champion Gary Nixon. At the end of the ’75 season, the U.S. national gas crisis severely impacted all forms of motorsports in the U.S., prompting U.S. Suzuki to shut down its factory road race team for the following season. Riding as a privateer in 1976, Hennen rode an ex-factory Suzuki TR750 to third overall in the Daytona 200, the first time a Suzuki had finished in the top 3 at Daytona. Riding a production

masks:
Pat Hennen
Hennen


title: Pat Hennen

texts:
 he took the lead in the race. The leg injury he sustained also cost him points at the next two GPs, but he regained his form by season's end, winning the 1977 British Grand Prix at Silverstone, the first ever GP held on the British mainland. Beatle George Harrison and his wife hosted the victory dinner for Hennen and the rest of the Suzuki factory team after his Silverstone win. Harrison and Ringo Starr were close friends of Sheene and regularly attended GP events as VIP guests of the Suzuki GP team. Hennen followed that win up by winning the Race of Year at Mallory Park. Sheene won the opening round at Caracas, Venezuela, and Hennen the next round at Jarama, Spain, in convincing style, followed by Roberts, who then took the next round, at Nogaro, France.The title had become a two-man battle between Hennen and Roberts, with Sheene consistently finishing behind the two. At midseason, Roberts led Hennen by 3 points, with Sheene some distance back. With the most challenging GP circuits ahead of them, Hennen had become the odds-on favorite of many GP racing cognoscente to win the World Championship. But Hennen's title chase came to an end when he suffered a career-ending crash at the 1978 Isle of Man TT, regarded as the world's most dangerous circuit. He had just recorded the first ever sub-twenty-minute lap in TT history when he clipped a curb at 160 m.p.h. There was a suggestion at the time that he had struck a bird although this is now considered an unfounded rumor. The horrific crash caused injuries that ultimately led to his retirement from racing.[3] Roberts was later quoted as saying, “I had everyone covered in ’78 but <mask>n.”

Car racing career

In 1976, after recording his first win on the European continent at a national race at the Österreichring circuit, Austria, Hennen was introduced to the head of the BMW car factory's fledgling driver development program. After turning in an impressive test drive at the Österreichring in a


title: Pat Hennen

texts:
 Formula Ford, Hennen was signed to a three-year development driver contract. Whenever his Grand Prix motorcycle schedule would permit it, Hennen started competing in car races to learn how to race first closed wheel and then open wheel race cars. He finished second overall in the Saturday round of the 1977 Formula Ford Festival, at Brands Hatch, England, competing against Chico Serra and Nigel Mansel, who later became front-running F1 drivers. Other racing successes
 Won the 1977 Race of the Year, at Mallory Park, the biggest "national" race in the UK during the 1970s. Top points scorer at the 1978 Transatlantic Trophy match races, ahead of Kenny Roberts, scoring three wins, two seconds and a third. Won the New Zealand Marlboro series three consecutive years (1974–75, 1975–76 and 1976–77), riding Suzuki TR500, TR750 and RG500 machines.The South Pacific's most prestigious road race series during the ‘70s, the Marlboro Series was run over five seasons. Honors and awards
 Hennen was inducted into the AMA Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 2007. In the GP/MotoGP racing’s record books, Hennen is still ranked in the top 10 in podium finishes, along with other legendary GP riders like Mike Hailwood, Giacomo Agostini, Sheene and Roberts. Personal life today

Hennen resides in Northern California, in the San Francisco Bay Area, and regularly attends GP Legends and Vintage Race Motorcycle events around the world. He has returned to the Isle of Man twice since his career-ending crash there. Grand Prix career statistics

(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

External links
 <mask> at the AMA Hall of Fame
 <mask>n in January 1977 American Motorcyclist Magazine article on European road racing
 Reminiscences of Hennen's visits to Australia
 An Interview With <mask>n

References

1953 births
Living people
American motorcycle racers
500cc World Championship riders
Isle of Man TT riders
Sportspeople from Phoenix,

masks:
Pat Hennen
Pat Henne
Pat Henne


title: Donald Mackay, 11th of Strathnaver

texts:
<mask>, 11th of Strathnaver (died 1550), was the eleventh chief of the ancient Clan Mackay, a Scottish clan of the Scottish Highlands. Early life
<mask> was the second eldest son of Iye Roy Mackay, 10th of Strathnaver, and his wife who was the daughter of Norman, son of Patrick O'Beolan of Carloway, Lewis. <mask>'s elder brother, John Mackay, 11th of Strathnaver, died in 1529 without legitimate male issue and therefore <mask> was able to succeed him as chief of the Clan Mackay. Alliance with the Clan Forbes and Clan Campbell
In around 1529 <mask> of Strathnaver assisted the Master of Forbes (of Clan Forbes) and Sir John Campbell of Cawdor during a feud in which Alexander Seaton of Meldrum was killed. Historian Angus Mackay states that it is with interest that at this time the Mackays and Forbeses who claim to have sprung from the same kindred stock in the distant past, are found acting in concert. It was probably for the death of Seaton of Meldrum that Mackay obtained a pardon for himself and his Strathnaver clansmen dated 26 July 1536. In July 1537, the Master of Forbes and his sister-in-law, Janet Douglas, Lady Glamis, sister of Douglas, Earl of Angus, were both executed for conspiring against the king.Associated with Lady Glamis was one Alexander Makay who was sentenced to be banished from all parts of Scotland except for the county of Aberdeen. Sir John Campbell of Cawdor, brother of the Earl of Argyll, who had been associated with the Mackays and Forbeses in the killing of Seaton, also killed Maclean of Duart (chief of Clan Maclean) in bed in about 1529. Maclean had left his wife, Lady Elizabeth Campbell, exposed to

masks:
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald
Donald
Donald Mackay


title: Donald Mackay, 11th of Strathnaver

texts:
 certain death on a lonely sea-girt isle. The killing of Maclean resulted in a prolonged feud between the Macleans and the Campbells in which the Mackays of Kintyre suffered severely at the hands of the Macleans and it appears that the Mackays supported the Campbells during the feud. Meeting with James V of Scotland
In May 1539, James V of Scotland, sailing from Leith around the north of Scotland, calling at Orkney and arriving on the Strathnaver coast, <mask> of Strathnaver went on board to accompany the king on the rest of the voyage. The king also took other chiefs on board such as Roderick Macleod of the Lewes, Alexander Macleod of Dunvegan, John of Moidart, Alexander of Glengarry, Mackenzie of Kintail, Maclean of Duart and MacConnal of Isla. Some of these chiefs were received on board as enemies and imprisoned, while others as friends were rewarded.<mask> was treated well by the king for on the 16 December 1539, after they arrived at Stirling, Mackay obtained a charter under the Great Seal of Scotland for his ancestral lands in heritage: Farr, Armadale, Straye, Rynewe, Kynnald, Golspie, Dirlot, Cattack, Broynach, Kilchalumkill in Strabroa, Davach Lochnaver, Davach Eriboll, the two pennylands of Stromay, the mill of Kinald, the island of Sanday extending to the three pennylands, the lands of Melness and Hope, with the mills, mill-lands, manors etc., formerly belonging to Y Mckay and his ancestors, the father of the said <mask>, but in the king's hands by reason of nonentry, and now erected into the free barony of Farr, sasine to be taken at the principal messuage of Farr. <mask> took sasine by procurators of the lands at

masks:
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald
Donald Mackay


title: Donald Mackay, 11th of Strathnaver

texts:
 the castle of Farr, which was located between Farr and Swordly, on 16 April 1540. <mask> appears to have remained at court for at least twelve months as on 26 November 1540 he witnessed a charter of lands in Monteith of Perth to Anthony Balfour of Torre Estir. While at court, <mask> also received a charter from Andrew Stuart, Bishop of Caithness for the church-lands in Durness, Strathnaver to himself and his heirs after him. Feud with Sutherland of Duffus

Due to the part <mask> had played with Forbes against the Seatons, William Sutherland, 7th of Duffus consequently secured the nonentry of Mackay's lands in 1530 in an evident attempt to get possession of Mackay's lands of Strathnaver, similar to that that had been done by Sutherland of Dirlot at an earlier period. Some differences arose between <mask> Mackay and Sutherland of Duffus over the lands of Kerrownashein, near Lochnaver, which Duffus claimed to hold from the church of Moray in virtue of a grant from Reginald Cheyne, and also as to the nonentry dues of Mackay's estate since 1530. In 1542 the matter was submitted to the arbitration of James Stewart, Earl of Moray.The Earl of Moray decided that Sutherland of Duffus should alienate to <mask> and his heirs the lands which he had held from the church of Moray. Battle of Solway Moss
Towards the end of 1542, the king of Scotland resolved upon a war with England. <mask> of Strathnaver and his son Iye Du Mackay were summoned to muster at Lauder along with their clansmen. The disorderly Scottish army that set out for England under Oliver Sinclair was completely routed at the Battle of Solway Moss. <mask> returned to

masks:
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay


title: Donald Mackay, 11th of Strathnaver

texts:
 Edinburgh with the king, but his son Iye Du Mackay was taken prisoner. The king died soon afterwards leaving an only child, Mary, Queen of Scots. At the instigation of the English king, Iye Du Mackay and some of the other Scottish prisoners promoted a scheme in which the infant Mary, Queen of Scots would be married to the king of England's son, the Prince of Wales.Battle of Alltan-Beath
According to 17th-century historian Sir Robert Gordon, 1st Baronet, who was a son of Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland, in 1542, <mask> of Strathnaver invaded Sutherland with a company of men and burnt the village of Knockartel and took goods from Strathbrory in Sutherland. The book Conflicts of the Clans describes the Battle of Alltan-Beath in which the Mackays were subsequently defeated by the Gordons of Sutherland, although this battle is not specifically mentioned by either the Mackay historians or in the 1813 publication of Sir Robert Gordon's manuscript. According to Sir Robert Gordon, <mask> was ultimately brought to the Gordon Earls of Huntly and Sutherland and upon his submission was, at their command, imprisoned in Foulis Castle. However, this version of events is disputed by historian Angus Mackay. Historian Angus Mackay explains that Robert Stuart, Bishop of Caithness, supporting the scheme of the English king for his son to marry the infant Mary, Queen of Scots as mentioned above, departed for England to join his brother the Earl of Lennox, and that the bishop made some arrangements with his relatives, including Mackay, for the protection of his castles and church-lands. As such <mask> advanced into Sutherland and placed

masks:
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay


title: Donald Mackay, 11th of Strathnaver

texts:
 a party of his clansman in the bishop's Skibo Castle under the command of Neil Mackay of the Mackay of Aberach branch of the clan. On 28 April 1549, the bishop brought together at Castle Sinclair Girnigoe, all on equal terms, the Earls of Sutherland, Caithness and <mask>, and they entered into a bond of friendship.Historian Angus Mackay states that this is an honest account of what had happened based on documents found at Dunrobin Castle and that Sir Robert Gordon has described it with his "usual untruthfulness". Feud with the Rosses

It is evident that the Mackays once more raided the Rosses of Balnagown as a record dated 28 June 1550 shows that <mask> and other relatives were charged with the "cruel slaughter of Alexander MacAne Ross" and other relatives, and that Alexander Ross of Balnagown was "amerciated" for not reporting and delivering to the clerks of justicary the letters which had been purchased by the wives, children, parents, and friends of the deceased duly "executed and endorsed". Family
<mask>, 11th of Strathnaver, married Helen, daughter of Alexander Sinclair of Stempster, second son of William Sinclair, 2nd Earl of Caithness and chief of Clan Sinclair. <mask> and Helen Sinclair had the following children:
Iye Du Mackay, 12th of Strathnaver, heir and successor as chief of the Clan Mackay. A daughter, who married John Mackay, 4th chieftain of the Mackay of Aberach branch of the clan. Florence Mackay, who married Neil MacLeod of Assynt. <mask>, 11th of Strathnaver died towards the end of 1550.References

See also

Chiefs of Clan Mackay
Clan Mackay
Earl of Sutherland
Earl of Caithness

<mask>
1550

masks:
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald Mackay
Donald


title: Christopher McKitterick

texts:
<mask> (born 1967) is an American writer of science fiction, educator, and academic concerned with the field. He is Director of the new Ad Astra Center for Science Fiction and the Speculative Imagination, and long-time director of the Center for the Study of Science Fiction. These programs at the University of Kansas support lectures, classes, workshops, awards, conferences, and educational-outreach resources for teachers and readers of science fiction. McKitterick was nominations director for the Theodore Sturgeon Award for the best short SF story of the year (1993-2016), and a juror for and Chair of the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel (2002–present). He completed degrees in creative writing: undergraduate from the University of Wisconsin–Eau Claire in 1991, and master's from the University of Kansas in 1996. McKitterick teaches science fiction, technical communication, and creative writing in the English department of the University of Kansas and fiction-writing workshops around the world. Bibliography

Novels
 Transcendence (Hadley Rille Books, November 5, 2010)

Short fiction
 "Ashes of Exploding Suns, Monuments to Dust" (Analog, November/December 2018) - Winner: 2018 Analytical Laboratory (AnLab) Readers' Award for best novelette.


title: Laurence Salzmann

texts:
<mask> (born January 4, 1944) is an American photographer and filmmaker based in Philadelphia. His work, mostly documentary photography, focuses primarily on the lives of little known groups in America and abroad. Life and work
Salzmann was born January 4, 1944, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He describes himself as being "of that generation which thought that photography could bring about socially beneficial change." Educated in Philadelphia schools, he acquired photographic skills along the way, often from older photographers. Much of his career has involved using photography to preserve the history of groups of people in danger of being ignored and forgotten and encouraging his subjects to retrieve memories and tell their stories. Edward Sozanski, the late Philadelphia Inquirer art critic, wrote of Salzmann's work, "Cross a visual anthropologist with a talented photographer and you get <mask>n" and goes on to say that Salzmann's deep immersions in local cultures are  "what give his photographs exceptional resonance and poignancy."(Phila. Inquirer, 2008)

<mask>'s first documentary project, "Family of Luis" (1965), came out of his assignment as a Peace Corps trainee in a barrio humilde of Ciudad Juarez. It attracted the notice of the Photography Curator at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, Kneeland McNaulty, who bought several prints for their Museum Collection. The "Family of Luis" essay led to <mask>'s being hired as a participant observer and photographer by St. Luke's Hospital Department of Community Psychiatry for a joint project with Columbia University. Again, he lived among his subjects, this time

masks:
Laurence Salzmann
Laurence Salzman
Salzmann
Salzmann


title: Laurence Salzmann

texts: in a Single Room Occupancy hotel, on New York's upper West Side. documenting the lives of its residents. His work, Neighbors on the Block, was published by the New York State Council on the Arts.A grant from the American Film Institute for documentary film making enabled him and filmmaker Peter Barton to complete two films about residents of the hotels. Salzmann took courses in Sociology at the New School of Social Research and earned a Master of Arts in Visual Anthropology from Temple University (1971). This training, in addition to his photographic experience, led to work with Tim Asch as editor for several of the films (Children's Magical Death, New Tribes Mission, Tug of War, Weeding the Garden) in Asch's Yamomoto film series (1971) and as an editor on Alan Lomax's Choreometrics project. A Fulbright grant enabled Salzmann to spend 1974 – 1976 in the small Romanian town of Radauti, documenting the lives of the remaining members of its Jewish community who had survived the Holocaust. Again, Salzmann learned the language of his subjects and lived among them. His pictures were published in the book: The Last Jews of Radauti with text by Ayşe Gürsan-<mask>, (Doubleday, 1983). His film, Song of Radauti was broadcast nationwide by PBS.At the invitation of Cornell Capa, Director of the International Center of Photography, a large selection of the Radauti pictures was shown at the International Center of Photography. A grant from International Research & Exchanges Board allowed Salzmann to live for a year documenting the lives of Transhumant (migratory) shepherds in the Transylvania region of Romania. That work


title: Laurence Salzmann

texts:
 Search of Turkey's Jews, Libra Press, Istanbul. 2006 La Lucha/The Struggle, Blue Flower Press, Philadelphia. 2005 De Noche//By Night, Artist's Book, Philadelphia. 2002 Imagining Cutumba, Lafayette College, Easton, PA.
 1999 Miorita: An Icon of Romanian Culture, (ed.) with an introduction by Ernest H. Latham Jr. Essay by Alexandru Husar, Photographs by <mask>, The Center for Romanian Studies, Iasi, Romania.1995 Face to Face: Encounters between Jews & Blacks, Blue Flower Press, Philadelphia. 1995 Fully Exposed: The Male Nude in Photography, Emanuel Cooper. Routledge, London. 1995 The Male Nude: A Male View: An Anthology, ed. Peter Weiermair, Edition Stemmle, Zurich. 1993 Mexico Through Foreign Eyes, eds. Carole Naggar and Fred Ritchin.W. W. Norton & Company, New York. 1992 Flesh & Blood, Photographers’ Images of their Own Families, Picture Project. 1990 Anyos Munchos i Buenos, co-authored with Ayse Gürsan-Salzmann, Blue Flower/Photo Review. 1986 Männer Sehen Männer: Aktografie und ihre zeitgenössischen Vertreter, Peter Weiermair. Schaffhausen Verlag Photographie, Frankfurt. 1983 The Last Jews of Radauti, co-authored with Ayse Gürsan-Salzmann, Dial/Doubleday. 1980 La Baie/bath scenes, Han Books.1980 A Family Passover, Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia. 1980 Stone Roses, poems from Transylvania by Keith Wilson, photographs by <mask>, Utah State University Press. 1978 Jerusalem's People in Public, portfolio, Blue Flower Press. 1971 Neighbors on the Block, portfolio, published by New York State Council on the Arts. Collections
<mask>'s work is held in the following public collections:

 Museum of the

masks:
Laurence Salzmann
Laurence Salzmann
Salzmann


title: Laurence Salzmann

texts:
 Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot, Tel Aviv. Brooklyn Museum of Art, NY. Bryn Mawr College, Library, Bryn Mawr, PA.
 Corcoran Gallery, Washington, D.C.
 Haverford College, Haverford, PA.
 High Museum of Art, Atlanta.International Center of Photography, New York. The Jewish Museum of New York, New York. Lehigh University Art Galleries (LUAG), Bethlehem, PA.
 Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme, Paris. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia. Philadelphia Free Library, Philadelphia. Yale University, New Haven, CT.
 Widener Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Films
 2017  Tales of the Inca.2011  Revisiting Turkey's Jews, Vol. 1, 2011: Habib. 2010 El Rayo
 2003	Imagining Cutumba, backstage with Balet Folklorico Cutumba Santiago. 2003	Willy's Blessing, travels in Cuba with my friend Willy. 1989	Turkey's Sephardim: 500 Years. 1980	Who's havin' Fun, story of Philadelphia Mummers off and on Broad Street. 1978	Song of Radauti, poetic rendition  of Jewish Life in a small town of Romania.1971	Scag: story of two young Philadelphians battle with heroin addiction. 1970	Alfred, story of resident of Single Room Occupancy Hotel New York. 1969	Eddie, story of resident of Single Room Occupancy Hotel New York. 1966	The Ragman, story of one of last horse and wagon men of Philadelphia. References

External links
 Official Website
 Blue Flower Press – <mask>n's Publishing Site
 "<mask>n: A Lively Look at Areas' Mexican Culture" by Michael Matza, Philly Magazine (April 24, 2012)
 "Local Photographer Displays Work at Haverford" (September 30, 2005)
 <mask>n – Center for Emerging Visual Artists

1944 births
Living

masks:
Laurence Salzman
Laurence Salzman
Laurence Salzman


title: Christian Smith (sociologist)

texts:
<mask> (born 1960) is an American sociologist, currently the William R. Kenan Jr. Professor of Sociology at the University of Notre Dame. <mask>'s research focuses primarily on religion in modernity, adolescents and emerging adults, sociological theory, philosophy of science, the science of generosity, American evangelicalism, and culture. <mask> is well known for his contributions to the sociology of religion, particularly his research into adolescent spirituality, as well as for his contributions to sociological theory and his advocacy of critical realism. Biography
<mask> was born on October 23, 1960. He attended Wheaton College (1978–1979) and received his Bachelor of Arts degree in sociology from Gordon College in 1983. <mask> earned his Master of Arts (1987) and Doctor of Philosophy (1990) degrees from Harvard University, where he also spent a year studying theology at Harvard Divinity School.<mask> began his academic career as an instructor, and then assistant professor at Gordon College. In 1994 he joined University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill where he was an assistant professor, full professor, and then Stuart Chapin Professor of Sociology. He remained at North Carolina for 12 years before moving to Notre Dame as the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Sociology and Founding Director of the Center for the Study of Religion and Society. He is also a Faculty Fellow of the Kroc Institute for Peace Studies. <mask> has been awarded more than $20 million worth of research grants from the Pew Charitable Trusts, Lilly Endowment Inc., the John Templeton Foundation, the Templeton Religion Trust, and other foundations and institutes. Accolades
<mask> received

masks:
Christian Stephen Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Christian Smith (sociologist)

texts: the Notre Dame Graduate Student Union’s Graduate Student Mentoring Award for 2020-2021.The Society for the Scientific Study of Religion granted <mask> its Distinguished Book Award, 2018, for his 2017 book, Religion: What it Is, How it Works, and Why it Matters (Princeton). In 2012, the American Sociological Association section on Altruism, Morality, and Social Solidarity awarded <mask> with the Distinguished Career Award. He was awarded the Lilly Fellows Program Distinguished Book Award in 2011 for his 2009 book, co-authored with Patricia Snell, Souls in Transition: the Religious and Spiritual Lives of Emerging Adults. He was also awarded Christianity Today 2010 Distinguished Book Award for the same book, Souls in Transition. He previously won Christianity Today 2005 Distinguished Book Award for his 2005 book, co-authored with Melinda Lundquist Denton, Soul Searching: the Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers. In December, Choice Magazine selected What Is a Person? as one of its Top 25 (out of 7000 reviewed) Outstanding Academic Titles of 2011.The book also received the “Cheryl Frank Memorial Prize for 2010,” from the International Association for Critical Realism. <mask> received for the same book the 2011 Honorable Mention Award for Professional and Scholarly Excellence from American Publisher’s, Philosophy category. In 2007, <mask>'s alma mater, Gordon College, presented him with the "Alumnus of the Year" award in "recognition of his many accomplishments and work as one of the leading Christian sociologists in the country." Michael Emerson and <mask>'s Divided by Faith was the winner of the "2001 Outstanding Book Award" from the Society for

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Christian Smith (sociologist)

texts:
 the Scientific Study of Religion. <mask> was awarded the “Excellence in Teaching and Mentoring, 1995-96” by the Graduate Student Association, Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. This was followed in 2002 by an “Excellence in Mentoring Award, 2001-2002” by the Graduate Student Association, Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. <mask> was co-author with Mark Regnerus on the 1999 "Outstanding Article Award", granted by the American Sociological Association Section on the Sociology of Religion, for "Selective Deprivatization Among American Religious Traditions: The Reversal of the Great Reversal", published in Social Forces.Moralistic therapeutic deism
In his 2005 book Soul Searching: The Religious and Spiritual Lives of American Teenagers co-written with  Melinda Lundquist Denton, he introduced the term moralistic therapeutic deism (abbreviated MTD) to describe the common religious beliefs exhibited by American youth in a survey. It has also been referred to as egonovism. The book summarized the "National Study of Youth and Religion", privately funded by the Lilly Endowment. They label moralistic therapeutic deism as a religion with the following traits:

Critical realism
Critical realism (CR) is, in <mask>'s view, the most promising general approach to social science for best framing our research and theory. CR, as a philosophy of (social) science (not a sociological theory per se), offers the best alternative to the problems and limits presented by positivist empiricism, hermeneutical interpretivism, strong social constructionism, and postmodernist deconstruction. It is the meta-theoretical

masks: Smith Smith Smith


title: Christian Smith (sociologist)

texts:
 direction in which American sociology needs to move

<mask>'s work in CR involves What is a Person? Rethinking Humanity, Social Life, and the Moral Good from the Person Up (Chicago 2010) (with Moral, Believing Animals (OUP 2003) forming a pre-CR theoretical backdrop); To Flourish or Destruct: A Personalist Theory of Human Goods, Motivations, Failure, and Evil (Chicago 2014), and Religion: What it Is, How it Works, and Why it Matters (Princeton 2017).CR is a significant position within which scholars work in Great Britain, Scandinavia, and the rest of Europe.Yet few North American sociologists are aware of the substance and importance of the CR account. <mask>'s view is that CR is a genuinely alternative approach to reality and social science that requires serious, focused study and intellectual re-tooling in order to learn well enough to not simply fall back into the old assumptions, instincts, and paradigms. Published works

<mask> is author, co-author, and editor of numerous scholarly books, articles, book chapters, book reviews, and research reports. A selection of <mask>'s books includes:Handing Down the Faith: How Parents Pass Their Religion on to the Next Generation (2021) (Oxford). Religious Parenting: Transmitting Faith and Values in Contemporary America (with Bridget Ritz and Michael Rotolo) (2019) (Princeton)Religion: What it Is, How it Works, and Why it Matters (2017) (Princeton)To Flourish or Destruct: A Personalist Theory of Human Goods, Motivations, Failure, and Evil (2015) (Chicago)The Sacred Project of American Sociology (2014) (Oxford University Press)The Bible Made Impossible: Why Biblicism Is Not a Truly Evangelical Reading of Scripture

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: William S. Willis

texts:
<mask>. was born July 11, 1921 in Waco, Texas. He was an ethnohistorian, and an early pioneer in African American anthropology. He is best known for his publication of "Skeletons in the Anthropological Closet". He was the first Black scholar to the faculty of Southern Methodist University. While at SMU he was instrumental in the establishing of the African American Studies Program. Early life
<mask> was an only child born in Waco, Texas. His family moved to Dallas, Texas when he was very young.Both of his parents were wealthy, and college educated. His father was <mask><mask> <mask>. He was a high school principal of a black high school. It is noted that his father resigned due to unfair treatment from the school board. After resigning from being a principal he started a construction company to build homes for poor black people. His father was a grand chancellor of the Colored Knights of Pythians of Texas. It is noted that the move to Dallas in the 20s was due in response to warnings from the Ku Klux Klan.<mask> spent summers in Chicago where his family owned a home. His father passed away when he was very young. After the passing of his father <mask> and his mother took a round-the-world tour. <mask> graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in Dallas, Texas in 1938. After graduating from Booker T. Washington High School he went to Howard University, in Washington, D.C. At Howard University <mask> majored in history, and minored in sociology and literature. His major professor and mentor was Rayford Logan. <mask> was introduced to Negro history and culture while at Howard, University.He became interested in the Black Historic Movement. While at Howard he also studied with <mask> Brown, E. Franklin

masks:
William Shedrick Willis Jr
Willis
William S
. Willis
Sr
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Sterling Allen


title: William S. Willis

texts:
 Frazier, Alain LeRoy Locke, Charles H. Wesley, and Ralph Bunche. In 1942 he graduated from Howard University cum laude. After graduating from Howard University <mask> volunteered for the United States Coast Guard. He left the Coast Guard in 1944. Career
<mask> attended Howard University and graduated cum laude (A.B., in 1942). In 1945, <mask> began graduate study at Columbia University in New York City in political science.He later changed his focus of study to anthropology. He received his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1955. While at Columbia University he did research on Indians of the Southeast United States. His dissertation was "Colonial Conflict and the Cherokee Indians (1710-1760)" in 1955. In addition to his research of Indians of the South East he wrote about Blacks in America, and relationships between Native Americans, Blacks, and Whites. He did research work on the history of anthropology, and racism in anthropology. He studied, and wrote about the career of Franz Boas.In 1949, <mask> was awarded the John Hay Whitney Opportunity Fellowship to fund his research dissertation at Columbia, University. His dissertation was entitled Colonial Conflict and the Cherokee Indians, 1710–1760. The dissertation focused on documenting Cherokee society and culture, sociocultural change, assimilation, and adaptation in a colonial environment using a historical approach in anthropology. His classmates while at Columbia University became noted in the field of anthropology such as; Eric Wolf, <mask>, Morton Fried, Robert F. Murphy, Elliott P<mask>, and Marvin Harris. From 1955 to 1964 <mask> was only able to get part-time teaching at Columbia and City College of New York. He felt that the difficulty was due to

masks:
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Sidney Mintz
. Skinner
Willis


title: William S. Willis

texts:
 the fact that employment opportunities for black scholars in white schools were minimal as were the opportunities for anthropologists in black schools. During this time he pursued his research interest in early colonial Southeastern North America publishing two articles on Indian culture patterns and Black-Indian-White relations.The articles focused on ethnohistorical issues and were published in the journal Ethnohistory. Like his dissertation these articles established his significant abilities as an ethnohistorian. Both articles corrected the record regarding certain issues <mask> felt had been misreported by ethnologists. His approach was innovative. In addition to examining the standard historical treatises, he looked for "ethnographic facts found now and then in routine documents written by busy officials and semi-literate traders" and compared these facts with the extended descriptions of more sophisticated authors (<mask> 1957: 125). The scholarship was enlivened by the personal interest <mask> took in the five groups he studied: Cherokee, Choctaw, Chicasaw, Creeks and Seminoles. <mask> taught partime from 1955 to 1964 at Columbia University and City of College of in New York City part-time.During this period his research was in early colonial Southeastern North America. He published two articles that focused on ethnohistorical issues in Indian culture patterns, and Black-Indian-White relations. The five indigenous group he studied and focussed on were the; Choctaw, Chicasaw, Cherokee, Creeks and Seminoles. Chicasaw,

In 1964 <mask> returned to Dallas, Texas after spending many years in New York City. He accepted a teaching position at Bishop College in Dallas, Texas in the Division of Social

masks: Willis Willis Willis Willis Willis


title: William S. Willis

texts:
 Sciences, and in the Department of Sociology. He also accepted a position at Southern Methodist University teaching anthropology. His appointment made him the first Black scholar appointed to the faculty of Southern Methodist University.While at SMU <mask>' work focused on studying African American history and culture. His works focused on the Southern Colonial Frontier. In 1972, he resigned from Southern Methodist University in protest to racist treatment from the faculty in the Department of Anthropology. After resigning from SMU <mask> continued to teach at Columbia University summer sessions until 1975. In 1978, the <mask>' moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Which was the hometown of his wife Georgine E. Upshur. While in Philadelphia <mask> had access to the collections at the American Philosophical Society Library.Throughout his career <mask> corresponded with many other anthropologists and students in the field of anthropology. He corresponded with George M. Foster, Morton Fried, Elliott P<mask>, <mask>, Marvin Harris, Dell Hymes, Charles H. Fairbanks, Rayford Logan, and Arthur Fauset. Rayford Logan was his lifelong mentor. Contributions
A letter of recommendation written by Morton Fried recognized <mask>' contribution to Anthropology. He is quoted in the letter of recommendation by Morton Fried as  “one of the country’s authorities on the Colonial period in the Southeastern United States.” Fried also stated that <mask> had “an unusually acute grasp of the historical problems (of this area) in terms of the triangle constituted by Indians, Negroes and the European settlers.” “Any thorough study of the race problem in any culture,” he concluded “requires some use of <mask>’ contribution”. <mask>

masks:
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis
. Skinner
Sidney Mintz
Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis