title: Martin Durkin (director)

texts:
<mask> is an English television producer and director, notably for Britain's Channel 4. He has produced, directed and executive-produced programmes covering the arts, science, history, entertainment, features and social documentaries. He is a libertarian, but was formerly connected to the now defunct Revolutionary Communist Party, and a number of his documentaries have caused controversies, including those critical of state spending  and environmentalism. He has been described as "the scourge of the greens" and "one of the environmentalists' favourite hate figures". Documentaries

Against Nature
In 1997, Channel 4 broadcast <mask>'s documentary series Against Nature, which attacked the environmental movement as being a threat to personal freedom and for crippling economic development. The UK's then broadcasting regulator the Independent Television Commission received 151 complaints from viewers and interviewees featured in the programme with four complaints upheld. In its report on the series, the ITC rejected 147 complaints that mainly were concerned with fairness and misrepresentation, stating that "the programmes' line that green ideologies were, at least in some respects, open to criticism on both scientific and humanitarian grounds, was a legitimate approach".It stated that environmentalists had been permitted a fair chance to air their side of the story in the televised debates that followed the broadcast. The ITC stated that four complaints were upheld because: "the programmes breached the Programme Code in respect of the failure to make the four interviewees adequately aware of the nature of the programmes, and the way their contributions were edited." For these reasons, Channel 4 later issued a public apology on prime time television. According to The Independent, Durkin "accepts the charge of misleading contributors, but describes the verdict of distortion as 'complete tosh'". Equinox

Durkin produced 2 documentaries for Channel 4's science strand Equinox. In 1998 he produced "Storm in a D-Cup", which argued that the medical dangers of

masks:
Martin Richard Durkin
Durkin


title: Martin Durkin (director)

type: original

texts:
 silicone breast implants had been exaggerated for political reasons and highlighting evidence that implants may even carry medical benefits. In 2000 he produced The Rise and Fall of GM defending the science of genetic modification.The 1998 documentary on breast implants was originally developed for the BBC but was eventually produced for Channel 4 after the BBC declined to commission it; the BBC's in-house researcher concluded that <mask> had ignored evidence contradicting his claims in the programme. Environmental activist and writer George Monbiot wrote "Neither <mask> nor, extraordinarily, Charles Furneaux, the commissioning editor of the science series Equinox, has a science background. They don't need one, for science on Channel 4 has been reduced to a crude manifesto for corporate libertarianism." The film later won awards from the British Medical Association and the American Society for Plastic Surgeons. The Rise and Fall of GM
This documentary, which argues in favour of genetic modification, was broadcast on Channel 4 on 20 March 2000, also met with complaints. Environmentalist activists organised a campaign in an effort to discredit the film. A joint letter signed by a number of scientists from the Third World  was issued in protest of <mask>'s claims in this documentary.Mae-Wan Ho, a scientist featured on the programme, later said of her participation in the programme: "I feel completely betrayed and misled. They did not tell me it was going to be an attack on my position." However, although broadcasting regulator Ofcom received 17 complaints about the programme none was upheld; Ofcom concluded that 'although the programme set out to be a critical analysis of the case against GM, it nevertheless gave opportunity for a number of anti-GM speakers to explain their views clearly and fairly.' Ofcom review of complaints against <mask>, ofcom.org.uk; accessed 20 December 2015. The Great Global Warming Swindle

The Great Global Warming Swindle was a 2007 documentary film promoting climate change denial that premiered on Channel 4 in the United

masks:
Durkin
Martin Durkin
Durkin
Martin Durkin


title: Martin Durkin (director)

texts: Kingdom on March 8, 2007 and was subsequently criticised heavily by scientists. The film features scientists and others who oppose the scientific consensus that global warming is caused by human activity. The second part of the programme examines the conditions under which one of the current theories was developed.It alleges political pressures on those who do reject anthropogenic causes of global warming, speculates on reasons for the wide adoption of this consensus and on factors leading to its original development. The film also interviews deniers who view environmental policies as holding back developing nations from industrialising. The film has drawn widespread complaints  from some in the scientific community, citing numerous errors and misleading claims. Carl Wunsch who appeared on the programme has since repudiated the film, and described it "as close to propaganda as anything since World War II". <mask> responded that Wunsch had been told very explicitly the nature of the programme and now appeared to be back-tracking. The film was praised by opponents of the scientific consensus on global warming, including Andrew Bolt, Dominic Lawson and Steven Milloy, and <mask>'s work has been defended in an interview in Spiked. It later emerged that <mask> had fallen out with geneticist Armand Leroi (with whom <mask> had previously refused to work), after Leroi questioned the accuracy of the data used in the film in an email to <mask>.Leroi copied the e-mail to various colleagues including Guardian journalist and Bad Science columnist Ben Goldacre and science writer and mathematics expert Simon Singh. <mask> replied to Leroi copying in the others with the single sentence: "You're a big daft cock." Singh then sent an email to <mask> that said: "I have not paid the same attention to your programme as Armand has done, but from what I did see it is an irresponsible piece of film-making. If you can send me a copy of the programme then I will examine it in more detail and give you a more considered response...it would be great if you could engage in the

masks: Durkin Durkin Durkin Durkin Durkin Durkin Durkin


title: Martin Durkin (director)

texts:
 debate rather just resorting to one line replies." <mask> responded by claiming that global warming had stopped, and concluded with, "Never mind a bit of irresponsible film-making. Go and fuck yourself." <mask> later apologised for his language, saying that he had sent the e-mails when tired and had just finished making the programme, and that he was "eager to have all the science properly debated with scientists qualified in the right areas."The film was awarded the Best Documentary trophy at the Io Isabella film festival and was shortlisted for the Best Documentary prize in the British television industry's 2008 Broadcast Awards. An official judgement issued on 21 July 2008 by the British media regulator Ofcom found that the programme "did not fulfill obligations to be impartial and to reflect a range of views on controversial issues". It upheld complaints by Sir David King that his views had been misrepresented, and Carl Wunsch, on the points that he had been misled as to its intent, and that the impression had been given that he agreed with the programme's position on climate change. However, the regulator said that because "the link between human activity and global warming... became settled before March 2007" the audience was not "materially misled so as to cause harm or offence". Ofcom declined to rule on the accuracy of the programme, saying: "It is not within Ofcom's remit or ability in this case as the regulator of the 'communications industry' to establish or seek to adjudicate on 'facts' such as whether global warming is a man-made phenomenon". Britain's Trillion Pound Horror Story

In 2010 <mask> made a programme called Britain's Trillion Pound Horror Story for Channel 4. Ostensibly about Britain's national debt, the film makes a case for lower taxes, a smaller public sector and a free-market economy.The film argues that Hong Kong's social and economic success is attributable to the positive non-interventionism implemented in 1961 by John James Cowperthwaite. In the film, <mask> argued that increasing public spending would stunt the

masks: Durkin Durkin Durkin Durkin


title: Martin Durkin (director)

texts:
 economy instead of reviving it. The film featured Nigel Lawson, Geoffrey Howe, Brendan Barber and Alastair Darling. Brexit: The Movie

In 2016 <mask> made a documentary film called Brexit: The Movie, about that year's referendum on EU membership, arguing for a vote to Leave. The film had a budget of £100,000, funded by crowdfunding. As executive producer
<mask> has executive produced a wide range of programmes. Productions include: The Naked Pilgrim, an architectural travelogue that followed art critic Brian Sewell's pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela; produced for UK's Channel Five it won the Sandford St. Martin Trust award for best programme in 2004; Face of Britain for Channel 4, a three-part series presented by Neil Oliver, which looked at the Wellcome Trust's DNA project profiling the ancestry of various British communities; How Do They Do It?, an engineering series for Discovery Channel; Secret Intersex, a two-part series about intersexuality for Channel 4, which was short listed for Best Science Programme in the 2004 Royal Television Society awards.He has served on the steering committees of the World Congress of Science Producers and the Edinburgh Television Festival and as a judge on the Bafta and Royal Television Society Awards. References

External links

 Geoffrey Lean, "Global Warming: An inconvenient truth or hot air? ", The Independent, 4 March 2007. Britain's Trillion Pound Horror Story · Watch on 4OD · Play on 4OD Player
 Robin McKie, "Why Channel 4 has got it wrong over climate change", The Observer, 4 March 2007. Profile of <mask> on GMWatch.org Profile of <mask>, GMWatch.org; accessed 20 December 2015. "More digs at Durkin", The Guardian, 22 March 2000. Friends of the Earth press release, foe.co.uk, 2 April 1998.Independent Television Commission ruling on "Against Nature", ofcom.org.uk; accessed 20 December 2015. "Why does Channel 4 seem to be waging a war against the greens?" The Guardian, 22 July 2008. Brexit - The Movie web site

Living people
English television producers
British documentary film directors
1962

masks:
Durkin
Martin Durkin
Martin Durkin
Martin Durkin


title: Natalie Portman

texts: <mask> (born <mask>, , ) is an Israeli-born American actress. With an extensive career in film since her teenage years, she has starred in various blockbusters and independent films, for which she has received multiple accolades, including an Academy Award, a British Academy Film Award, and two Golden Globe Awards. Portman began her acting career at age twelve, when she starred as the young protégée of a hitman in the action drama film Léon: The Professional (1994). While in high school, she made her Broadway debut in a 1998 production of The Diary of a Young Girl and gained international recognition for starring as Padmé Amidala in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace (1999). From 1999 to 2003, <mask> attended Harvard University for a bachelor's degree in psychology, while continuing to act in the Star Wars prequel trilogy (2002, 2005) and in The Public Theater's 2001 revival of Anton Chekhov's play The Seagull. In 2004, Portman was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won a Golden Globe Award for playing a mysterious stripper in the romantic drama Closer. <mask>'s career progressed with her starring roles as Evey Hammond in V for Vendetta (2005), Anne Boleyn in The Other Boleyn Girl (2008), and a troubled ballerina in the psychological horror film Black Swan (2010), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress.She went on to star in the romantic comedy No Strings Attached (2011) and featured as Jane Foster in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero films Thor (2011), and Thor: The Dark World (2013), which established her among the world's highest-paid actresses. She has since portrayed Jacqueline Kennedy in the biopic Jackie (2016),

masks:
Natalie Portman
Natalie Hershlag
Portman
Portman


title: Natalie Portman

texts:
 earning her third Academy Award nomination, and a biologist in the science fiction film Annihilation (2018). <mask> also reprised her role of Foster in the Disney+ animated series What If...? and the 2022 film Thor: Love and Thunder. Portman's directorial ventures include the short film Eve (2008) and the biographical drama A Tale of Love and Darkness (2015). She is vocal about the politics of the United States and Israel, and is an advocate for animal rights and environmental causes. She is married to dancer and choreographer Benjamin Millepied, with whom she has two children.Early life and education
<mask> was born on June 9, 1981, in Jerusalem, to Jewish parents with roots in Poland, Austria and Russia. She is the only child of Shelley (née Stevens), an American homemaker who works as Portman's agent, and Avner Hershlag, an Israeli-born gynecologist. Her maternal grandparents were American Jews, whereas her paternal grandparents were Jewish immigrants to Israel. Portman and her family first lived in Washington, D.C., but relocated to Connecticut in 1988 and then moved to Long Island in 1990. While living in Washington, Portman attended Charles E. Smith Jewish Day School in Rockville, Maryland. Her native language is Hebrew. While living on Long Island, she attended a Jewish elementary school, the Solomon Schechter Day School of Nassau County.She studied ballet and modern dance at the American Theater Dance Workshop, and regularly attended the Usdan Center for the Creative and Performing Arts. Describing her early life, Portman has said that she was "different from the other kids. I was more ambitious. I knew what I liked and what I wanted, and I worked very hard. I was

masks:
Portman
Natalie Herschlag


title: Natalie Portman

texts:
 a very serious kid." When Portman was ten years old, a Revlon agent spotted her at a pizza restaurant and asked her to become a child model. She turned down the offer but used the opportunity to get an acting agent.She auditioned for the 1992 off-Broadway Ruthless!, a musical about a girl who is prepared to commit murder to get the lead in a school play. <mask> and Britney Spears were chosen as the understudies for star Laura Bell Bundy. Career

1994–1998: Early work and acting background
Six months after Ruthless! ended, <mask> auditioned for and secured a leading role in Luc Besson's action drama Léon: The Professional (1994). To protect her privacy, she adopted her paternal grandmother's maiden name, <mask>, as her stage name. She played Mathilda, an orphan child who befriends a middle-aged hitman (played by Jean Reno). Her parents were reluctant to let her do the part due to the explicit sexual and violent nature of the script, but agreed after Besson took out the nudity and killings committed by <mask>'s character.<mask> herself said that after those scenes were removed, she found nothing objectionable about the content. Even so, her mother was displeased with some of the "sexual twists and turns" in the finished film, which were not part of the script. Hal Hinson of The Washington Post commended <mask> for bringing a "genuine sense of tragedy" to her part, but Peter Rainer of the Los Angeles Times believed that she "isn't enough of an actress to unfold Mathilda's pain" and criticized Besson's sexualization of her character. After filming The Professional, <mask> went back to school and during the summer break of 1994, she filmed a part in Marya Cohn's short film

masks: Portman Portman Portman Portman Portman Portman Portman


title: Natalie Portman

texts: Developing. In it she played a young girl coping with her mother's (played by Frances Conroy) cancer. She also enrolled at the Stagedoor Manor performing arts camp, where she played Anne Shirley in a staging of Anne of Green Gables. Michael Mann offered her the small part of the suicidal stepdaughter of Al Pacino's character in the action film Heat (1995) for her ability to portray dysfunction without hysteria.Impressed by her performance in The Professional, the director Ted Demme cast her as a precocious teenager who flirts with her much-older neighbor (played by Timothy Hutton) in the ensemble comedy-drama Beautiful Girls (1996). Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "Portman, a budding knockout, is scene-stealingly good even in an overly showy role." She subsequently went back to Stagedoor Manor to appear in a production of the musical Cabaret. Also in 1996, Portman had brief roles in Woody Allen's musical Everyone Says I Love You and Tim Burton's comic science fiction film Mars Attacks!. Portman was cast opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996), but she dropped out during rehearsals when studio executives found her too young for the role. She was also offered Adrian Lyne's Lolita, based on the novel of the same name, but she turned down the part due to its excessive sexual content. She later bemoaned that her parts in The Professional and Beautiful Girls prompted a series of offers to play a sexualized youngster, adding that it "dictated a lot of my choices afterwards 'cos it scared me ... it made me reluctant to do sexy stuff".<mask> instead signed on to star as Anne Frank in a Broadway adaptation of The Diary of Anne Frank, which was


title: Natalie Portman

texts:
 staged at the Music Box Theatre from December 1997 to May 1998. In preparation, she twice visited the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam and interacted with Miep Gies, who had preserved Anne's diary after the family was captured; she found a connection with Frank's story, given her own family's history with the Holocaust. Reviewing the production for Variety, Greg Evans disliked her portrayal, which he thought had "little of the charm, budding genius or even brittle intelligence that the diary itself reveals". Conversely, Ben Brantley found an "ineffable grace in her awkwardness". The experience of performing the play was emotionally draining for her, as she attended high school during the day and performed at night; she wrote personal essays in Time and Seventeen magazines about her experience. 1999–2006: Star Wars, education, and transition to adult roles

<mask> began filming the part of Padmé Amidala in the Star Wars prequel trilogy in 1997, which marked her first big-budget production. The first film of the series, Episode I – The Phantom Menace was released in 1999, when she was in her senior year of high school.<mask> was unfamiliar with the franchise when she was cast, and watched the original Star Wars trilogy before filming began. She worked closely with the director George Lucas on her character's accent and mannerisms, and watched the films of Lauren Bacall, Audrey Hepburn, and Katharine Hepburn to draw inspiration from their voice and stature. Filming in arduous locations in Algeria proved challenging for <mask>, who struggled with the process of making a film involving special effects. She did not attend the film's premiere so she could study for her high school

masks: Portman Portman Portman


title: Natalie Portman

texts: finals. Critics disliked the film but with earnings of $924 million worldwide it was the second highest-grossing film of all time to that point, and it established <mask> as a global star. <mask> graduated from Syosset High School in 1999. Her high school paper, "A Simple Method to Demonstrate the Enzymatic Production of Hydrogen from Sugar", co-authored with scientists Ian Hurley and Jonathan Woodward, was entered in the Intel Science Talent Search.Following production on The Phantom Menace, <mask> initially turned down a lead role in the coming-of-age film Anywhere but Here (1999) after learning it would involve a sex scene, but the director Wayne Wang and actress Susan Sarandon (who played <mask>'s mother in the film) demanded a rewrite of the script. She was shown a new draft, and decided to accept the part. Mary Elizabeth Williams of Salon called <mask>'s performance "astonishing" and added that "unlike any number of actresses her age, she's neither too maudlin nor too plucky". She received a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress nomination for it. <mask>'s sole screen appearance in 2000 was in Where the Heart Is, a romantic drama filmed in Texas, in which she played a pregnant teenager. After finishing work on the film, she began attending Harvard University to pursue her bachelor's degree in psychology, and significantly reduced her acting roles over the next few years. She studied advanced Hebrew literature, neurobiology, and she served as Alan Dershowitz's research assistant.In the summer of 2001, she returned to Broadway (at the Delacorte Theater) to perform Chekhov's drama The Seagull, which was directed by Mike Nichols and co-starred Meryl Streep and

masks: Portman Portman Portman Portman Portman Portman


title: Natalie Portman

texts: Philip Seymour Hoffman. Linda Winer of Newsday wrote that the "major surprises come from <mask>, whose Nina transforms with astonishing lyricism from the girl with ambition to Chekhov's most difficult symbol of destruction". Also in 2001, <mask> was among several celebrities who made cameo appearances in the comedy Zoolander. The following year, she reprised her role of Amidala in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones, which she had filmed in Sydney and London during her summer break of 2000. She was excited by the opportunity to play a confident young woman who did not depend on the male lead. When asked about balancing her career and education, she said, "I don't care if [college] ruins my career. I'd rather be smart than a movie star."In 2002, she contributed to a study on memory called "Frontal lobe activation during object permanence: data from near-infrared spectroscopy". Portman graduated from Harvard in 2003 and her sole screen appearance that year was in the brief part of a young mother in the war film Cold Mountain. Portman began 2004 by featuring in the romantic comedy Garden State, written and directed by its star Zach Braff. She was the first actor to sign on to the film after finding a connection with her part of a spirited young girl suffering from epilepsy. Her role in it is considered a prime example of the Manic Pixie Dream Girl character type. Portman later said she found it upsetting to have contributed to the trope. She followed it by playing a mysterious stripper in Closer, a romantic drama directed by Mike Nichols based on the play of the same name, and co-starring Julia Roberts, Jude Law, and Clive Owen.<mask> agreed to her first sexually


title: Natalie Portman

texts: explicit adult role after turning down such parts in the past, saying it reflected her own maturity as a person. She had also performed her first nude scenes for the film, but they were deleted from the final cut when she insisted that they were inessential to the story. Closer grossed over $115 million worldwide against a $27 million budget, and the critic Peter Travers took note of <mask>'s "blazing, breakthrough performance", writing that she "digs so deep into the bruised core of her character that they seem to wear the same skin." She won the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress and received an Academy Award nomination in the same category. Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, the final installment of the Star Wars prequel trilogy, was <mask>'s first film release of 2005. It earned over $848 million to rank as the second-highest-grossing film of the year. She next played a Jewish-American girl in Free Zone, a drama from Israeli filmmaker Amos Gitai.To prepare, she studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and read memoirs of Yitzhak Rabin, which she said allowed her to explore both the role and her own heritage. Controversy arose when she filmed a kissing scene at the Western Wall, where gender segregation is enforced, and she later issued an apology. Critics disliked the film for its heavy-handed approach to the conflicts in the Middle East. <mask>'s final film role in 2005 was that of Evey Hammond in the political thriller V for Vendetta, based on the comics of the same name, about an alternative future where a neo-fascist regime has subjugated the United Kingdom. She was drawn to the provocative nature of the script, and worked with a dialect coach


title: Natalie Portman

texts:
 to speak in an English accent. Owing to a scene in which her character is tortured, her head was shaved on camera; she considered it an opportunity to rid herself of vanity. Ruthe Stein of the San Francisco Chronicle deemed it Portman's strongest performance to that point, and remarked that she "keeps you focused on her words and actions instead of her bald head."She was awarded the Saturn Award for Best Actress. <mask> began 2006 by hosting an episode of the television sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live. One of her sketches, a song named "Natalie's Rap", was released later in 2009 on Incredibad, an album by the Lonely Island. In the anthology film Paris, je t'aime, consisting of eighteen short films, she had a role in the segment named "Faubourg Saint-Denis" from director Tom Tykwer. Later that year, she starred in Miloš Forman's Goya's Ghosts, about the painter Francisco Goya. Forman cast her in the film after finding a resemblance between her and Goya's portrait The Milkmaid of Bordeaux. She insisted on using a body double for her nude scenes after discovering on set that she had to perform them when they were not originally in the script.It received predominantly negative reviews, but Roger Ebert was appreciative of Portman for playing her dual role "with fearless conviction". 2007–2015: Career expansion and Black Swan

Portman began 2007 by replacing Jodie Foster in Wong Kar-wai's romantic drama My Blueberry Nights, which was his first English-language film. For her role as a gambler, she trained with a poker coach. Richard Corliss of Time magazine believed that "for once she's not playing a waif or a child princess but a mature, full-bodied woman" and commended


title: Natalie Portman

texts: her "vibrancy, grittiness and ache, all performed with a virtuosa's easy assurance". Her next appearance was in Hotel Chevalier, a short film from Wes Anderson, which served as a prologue to his feature The Darjeeling Limited (in which Portman had a cameo). In the short, she and Jason Schwartzman play former lovers who reunite in a Paris hotel room. For the first time, Portman performed an extended nude scene; she was later disappointed at the undue focus on it and she subsequently swore off further nude appearances.Keen to work in different genres, <mask> accepted a role in the children's film Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium, in which she played an employee at a magical toy store. She also appeared in Paul McCartney's music video "Dance Tonight" from his album Memory Almost Full, directed by Michel Gondry. Scarlett Johansson and <mask> starred as rival sisters Mary and Anne Boleyn, respectively, in the period film The Other Boleyn Girl (2008). She was excited by the opportunity to work opposite another actress her age, bemoaning that such casting was rare in film. Derek Elley of Variety was critical of <mask>'s English accent and wrote that she "doesn't quite bring the necessary heft to make Anne a truly dominant power player". The film had modest box-office earnings. She served as a jury member of the 2008 Cannes Film Festival and also launched her own production company, named handsomecharlie films, after her late dog.<mask>'s directorial debut, the short film Eve, opened the short-film screenings at the 65th Venice International Film Festival. It is about a young woman who goes to her grandmother's romantic date, and <mask> drew inspiration for the older character

masks: Portman Portman Portman Portman Portman


title: Natalie Portman

texts: (played by Lauren Bacall) from her own grandmother. A poorly received adaptation of Ayelet Waldman's novel Love and Other Impossible Pursuits, entitled The Other Woman, marked <mask>'s first film role of 2009. She appeared in a faux perfume commercial called Greed, directed by Roman Polanski, and in the anthology film New York, I Love You, she directed a segment and also starred in a different segment directed by Mira Nair. <mask> next took on a role opposite Tobey Maguire and Jake Gyllenhaal in the drama film Brothers, a remake of the 2004 Danish film of the same name. Her role was that of a war widow, for which she interacted with military wives. The film was shot during the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike, and Portman found it challenging to shoot certain scenes without a bound script.Claudia Puig of USA Today found her to be "subdued and reactive in a part that doesn't call for her to do much else". After producing and co-starring alongside Joseph Gordon-Levitt in the black comedy Hesher (2010), Portman played a ballerina overwhelmed with the prospect of performing Swan Lake in Darren Aronofsky's psychological horror film Black Swan. She was trained by the professional ballerina Mary Helen Bowers, and in preparation, she trained for five to eight hours daily for six months and lost . Her performance was acclaimed; writing for Empire, Dan Jolin found her to be "simultaneously at her most vulnerable and her most predatory, at once frostily brittle and raunchily malleable [...] before peaking at the film's denouement with a raw, alluring showstopper of a performance." Black Swan emerged as a sleeper hit, grossing over $329 million worldwide against a $13 million

masks: Portman Portman


title: Natalie Portman

texts: budget, and earned Portman several prizes including the Academy Award for Best Actress. Following her Oscar win, controversy arose over who performed the bulk of the on-screen dancing in the film. Sarah Lane, one of <mask>'s dancing doubles in the film, claimed that the actress performed only about five percent of the full-body shots, adding that she was asked by the film's producers not to speak publicly about it during awards season.Aronofsky defended Portman by insisting that she had performed 80 percent of the on-screen dancing. Portman next served as an executive producer for No Strings Attached (2011), a romantic comedy starring Ashton Kutcher and her as a young couple in a casual sex relationship. She described the experience of making it as a "palate cleanser" from the intensity of her Black Swan job. It received unfavorable reviews but was a commercial success. She next agreed to the stoner film Your Highness for the opportunity of playing an athletic and foul-mouthed character, which she believed was rare for actresses. Critics were dismissive of the film's reliance on scatological humor and it proved to be a box-office bomb. In her final film release of 2011, <mask> took on the part of Jane Foster, a scientist and love-interest of the titular character (played by Chris Hemsworth) in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film Thor.She liked the idea of Kenneth Branagh directing a big-budget film that emphasized character; she signed on to it before receiving a script, and helped develop her part by reading the biography of scientists such as Rosalind Franklin. Richard Kuipers of Variety commended <mask>'s "sterling work in a thinly written role" for adding


title: Natalie Portman

texts: dimension to the film's romantic subplot. Thor earned $449.3 million worldwide to emerge as the 15th highest-grossing film of 2011. In 2012, <mask> topped Forbes listing of the most bankable stars in Hollywood. Her sole screen appearance that year was in Paul McCartney's music video "My Valentine", alongside Johnny Depp. The following year, she reprised the role of Jane Foster in Thor: The Dark World, which earned over $644 million worldwide to emerge as the 10th highest-grossing film of 2013. Forbes featured her in their Celebrity 100 listing of 2014, and estimated her income from the previous year to be $13 million.In 2015, <mask> appeared alongside an ensemble cast, including Christian Bale, in Terrence Malick's experimental drama film Knight of Cups, which marked her first project after giving birth. She shot for it within a week; she did not receive a traditional script or dialogues and improvised most of her scenes with Bale. She said that shooting with Malick influenced her own directorial venture, A Tale of Love and Darkness, which released in the same year. Based on Israeli author Amos Oz's autobiographical novel of the same name which is set in Jerusalem during the last years of the British Mandate of Palestine, the Hebrew-language film starred <mask> who also produced and co-wrote it. She wanted to adapt the book since she first read it a decade ago, but postponed it until she was old enough to play the leading role of a mother herself. She collaborated closely with Amos, showing him drafts of her script as she adapted the book. A. O. Scott of The New York Times found it to be a "conscientious adaptation of a difficult book" and was appreciative of <mask>'s

masks: Portman Portman Portman Portman


title: Natalie Portman

texts:
 potential as a filmmaker.She next produced and starred in the western film Jane Got a Gun about a young mother seeking vengeance. Initially scheduled to be directed by Lynne Ramsay, the production was plagued with numerous difficulties. Ramsay did not turn up on set for the first day of filming and was eventually replaced with Gavin O'Connor. Michael Fassbender, Jude Law and Bradley Cooper were all cast as the male lead, before Ewan McGregor played the part. Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian reviewed that <mask>'s "stately performance" was not enough to save the "laborious and solemn western", and it grossed less than $4 million against its $25 million budget. 2016–present: Jackie and continued success

<mask> portrayed Jacqueline Kennedy in the Pablo Larraín-directed biopic Jackie (2016), about Kennedy's life immediately after the 1963 assassination of her husband. She was initially intimidated to take on the part of a well-known public figure, and eventually researched Kennedy extensively by watching videos of her, reading books, and listening to audiotapes of her interviews.She also worked with a dialect coach to adapt Kennedy's unique speaking style. David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter termed it an "incandescent performance" and added that "her Jackie is both inscrutable and naked, broken but unquestionably resilient, a mess and yet fiercely dignified". She won the Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actress and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She also served as producer for the comedy horror film Pride and Prejudice and Zombies, directed by Burr Steers, and starred in Rebecca Zlotowski's French-Belgian drama Planetarium. The 2017


title: Natalie Portman

texts: experimental romance Song to Song marked Portman's second collaboration with Terrence Malick, which like their previous film polarized critics. In 2018, <mask> starred in the science fiction film Annihilation, based on Jeff VanderMeer's novel. She played a biologist and former soldier who studies a mysterious quarantined zone of mutating organisms.She was pleased to headline a rare female-led science fiction film, and she moved her family near Pinewood Studios during filming. For the action sequences, she underwent movement training with the dancer Bobbi Jene Smith. Benjamin Lee of The Guardian took note of Portman's "strong, fiercely compelling presence" and commended her for playing the part without unnecessary sentimentality. It only received a limited theatrical release and was distributed on Netflix internationally. Her next appearance was in Xavier Dolan's first English-language film, the ensemble drama The Death & Life of John F. Donovan (2018), which was termed a "shocking misfire" by Eric Kohn of IndieWire. She then starred as a troubled pop singer in Vox Lux, sharing the part with Raffey Cassidy. She was drawn to the idea of showcasing the negative effects of fame, and in preparation, she watched documentaries on musicians and listened to the music of Sia, who wrote her songs in the film.For the climactic dance routines, she trained with her husband, Benjamin Millepied, who choreographed the sequence. It received mixed reviews from critics, but <mask>'s performance earned unanimous praise. Comparing it to her performances in Black Swan and Jackie, Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph wrote that "this role has a similar audacity and extravagance that few actresses


title: Natalie Portman

texts:
 would dare attempt, let alone be allowed to get away with". Unused footage from Thor: The Dark World and a new voice-over was used for <mask>'s brief appearance in the 2019 superhero film Avengers: Endgame. She then portrayed a psychologically troubled astronaut (based on Lisa Nowak) in the drama Lucy in the Sky, directed by Noah Hawley. She replaced the film's producer Reese Witherspoon, who backed out due to a scheduling conflict. The film was poorly received, though <mask>'s performance was praised.The following year, she narrated the Disney+ nature documentary Dolphin Reef. Upcoming projects
<mask> will next reprise her role as Jane Foster in Thor: Love and Thunder, which is scheduled for release in 2022. She also voiced the same character in Marvel's Disney+ animated series What If...? In March 2021, it was announced that <mask> will produce and star alongside Lupita Nyong’o in the limited series adaptation of the Laura Lipman novel Lady in the Lake. In March 2021, <mask> and her producing partner, Sophie Mas, founded the production company MountainA, and signed a first-look television deal with Apple TV+. Activism
<mask>, who is an advocate for animal rights, became a vegetarian at age eight, a decision which came after she witnessed a demonstration of laser surgery on a chicken while attending a medical conference with her father. She became a vegan in 2009 after reading Jonathan Safran Foer's Eating Animals and later produced a documentary on factory farming systems in the U.S. by the same title.In September 2017, she was recognized for her work on the film by the Environmental Media Association Awards with the Ongoing Commitment Award. She does not wear animal


title: Natalie Portman

texts: products and has praised animal-friendly products designed by Stella McCartney and Target. In 2007, she launched her own brand of animal-friendly footwear with no fur, leather, or feathers. In 2007, Portman traveled to Rwanda with Jack Hanna, to film the documentary, Gorillas on the Brink. Later, at a naming ceremony, Portman named a baby gorilla Gukina, which means "to play". Portman has been an advocate of environmental causes since childhood, when she joined an environmental song and dance troupe known as World Patrol Kids. Portman has also supported anti-poverty causes.In 2004 and 2005, she traveled to Uganda, Guatemala, and Ecuador as the Ambassador of Hope for FINCA International, an organization that promotes micro-lending to help finance women-owned businesses in developing countries. In an interview conducted backstage at the Live 8 concert in Philadelphia and appearing on the PBS program Foreign Exchange with Fareed Zakaria, she discussed microfinance. Host Fareed Zakaria said that he was "generally wary of celebrities with fashionable causes", but included the segment with Portman because "she really knew her stuff". In the "Voices" segment of the April 29, 2007, episode of the ABC Sunday morning program This Week with George Stephanopoulos, <mask> discussed her work with FINCA and how it can benefit women and children in Third World countries. In fall-2007, she visited several university campuses, including Harvard, USC, UCLA, UC Berkeley, Stanford, Princeton, New York University, and Columbia, to inspire students with the power of microfinance and to encourage them to join the Village Banking Campaign to help families and communities lift themselves out of


title: Natalie Portman

texts: poverty. Portman is a supporter of the Democratic Party, and for the 2004 presidential election she campaigned for the Democratic nominee, Senator John Kerry. Prior to the 2008 presidential election, she supported Senator Hillary Clinton of New York in the Democratic primaries.Portman later campaigned for the eventual Democratic nominee, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois. In a 2008 interview, she also stated: "I even like John McCain. I disagree with his war stance – which is a really big deal – but I think he's a very moral person." In 2010, her activist work and popularity with young people earned her a nomination for VH1's Do Something Awards, which is dedicated to honoring individuals who do good. In 2011, Portman and her then-fiancé Benjamin Millepied were among the signers of a petition to President Obama in support of same-sex marriage. She supported Obama's re-election campaign in 2012. In 2009, Portman signed a petition that defended Roman Polanski, who was charged with drugging and raping a thirteen-year-old girl in 1977, and has been a fugitive for decades.In February 2018, she expressed regret over signing the petition. In January 2011, <mask> was appointed an ambassador of WE Charity (formerly known as Free The Children), an international charity and educational partner, spearheading their Power of a Girl campaign. She hosted a contest challenging girls in North America to fundraise for one of WE Charity's all-girl schools in Kenya. As incentives for the contest winner, Portman offered the designer Rodarte dress she wore to the premiere of Black Swan, along with tickets to her next film premiere. It was announced in May 2012 that Portman would be working with


title: Natalie Portman

texts: watch designer Richard Mille to develop a limited-edition timepiece with proceeds supporting WE Charity. During WE Day California 2019 Portman gave a pro vegan speech in front of the student audience, linking vegan lifestyle and feminism. In December 2019, she visited Kenya a second time with WE Charity and spoke with young girls determined to improve their lives through access to education.In 2006, <mask> served as a guest lecturer at Columbia University for a course in terrorism and counterterrorism, where she spoke about her film V for Vendetta. In February 2015, <mask> was among other alumni of Harvard University including Robert F. Kennedy Jr., Darren Aronofsky and Susan Faludi who wrote an open letter to the school demanding it divest its $35,900,000,000 endowment from coal, gas, and oil companies. Later that year in May, she spoke at the annual Harvard Class Day to the graduating class of 2015. At Harvard, <mask> wrote a letter to The Harvard Crimson in response to an essay critical of Israeli actions toward Palestinians. She has nevertheless criticized the Israeli government, specifically Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Portman was critical of Netanyahu's re-election in 2015, saying she was "disappointed" and often found his comments racist. In November 2017, Portman was announced as the Genesis Prize recipient for 2018, which includes $2,000,000 in prize money.The following April, <mask> announced that she did not plan to attend the awards ceremony scheduled for June, due to "recent events in Israel" that left her feeling uncomfortable attending public events there. The ceremony was canceled. <mask> later clarified that she was not boycotting Israel, but did


title: Natalie Portman

texts:
 not want to "appear as endorsing" Netanyahu, who was set to give a speech at the ceremony. She is also a member of the One Voice movement. In January 2018, she donated $50,000 to the Time's Up initiative. <mask> took part in the 2018 Women's March in Los Angeles, where she spoke about the "sexual terrorism" she experienced at age thirteen after the release of her film Léon: The Professional. She told the crowd, "I understood very quickly, even as a 13-year-old, that if I were to express myself sexually I would feel unsafe and that men would feel entitled to discuss and objectify my body to my great discomfort."She drew attention to the Me Too movement, revealing that her first fan letter was a "rape fantasy" from a man and that her local radio station created a countdown until her eighteenth birthday (when she would become of legal age to consent to have intercourse). In 2020, Portman endorsed the "defund the police" movement. In 2020, Portman collaborated with JusticeLA to create a public service announcement #SuingToSaveLives about the health of people in L.A. County jails amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Later in 2020, <mask> was announced as one of the investors in an almost all-female group that was awarded a new franchise in the National Women's Soccer League, the top level of the women's sport in the U.S. The new team, since unveiled as Angel City FC, is set to start play in 2022. Personal life and endorsements

Portman is married to French dancer and choreographer Benjamin Millepied, with whom she has two children. The couple began dating in 2009 after having met while working together on the set of Black Swan, and wed in a Jewish ceremony held in Big Sur, California,


title: Josh Boden

texts:
<mask><mask><mask> (born December 12, 1986) is a former Canadian football wide receiver in the Canadian Football League (CFL). His career came to an end as the result of several years of criminal activity, including sexual assault, many under the alias <mask>. On November 5, 2018, Boden was charged with second-degree murder after the 2009 killing of Kimberly Hallgarth. Football career
Boden wore the number 1, weighs 205 lb. and is 6'1 tall. In his Canadian Junior Football League career, Boden played for the South Surrey Rams (now the Langley Rams of the British Columbia Football Conference. In his only season there, Boden was BCFC Most Outstanding Receiver, Special Teams Player, Offensive Player and Rookie of the Year.He won the CJFL Rookie of the Year award as well. BC Lions
In 2005, Boden attended the BC Lions training camp. In a preseason game against the Calgary Stampeders, he scored a 14-yard touchdown. Boden was officially signed as a free agent by B.C. in May 2006, but as a member of the Territorial Protected List. In 2006, he attended training camp again and made the teams as a member of the Developmental Roster. In 2007, Boden made the team's roster as a backup wide receiver.During a game on September 29, 2007, he caught his first CFL pass and finished the game with 3 catches for 83 yards. <mask> was released by the Lions following being charged with domestic assault and robbery in April 2008. The charges were dropped on August 14, 2008, and <mask> stated his intention to resume his football career. BC Lions general manager Wally Buono stated he did not intend to re-sign him. In two seasons with the Lions he caught 14 passes for 237 yards. Hamilton Tiger-Cats
Three months after being released by the Lions he formally signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats on September 24, 2008, in time for a September 27 game against the Lions at BC Place. Nevertheless, he never played a regular season game for the Ti-Cats.After he was cut, GM Bob O'Billovich

masks:
Joshua (
Josh
) Joseph Boden
Mike Boden
Boden
Boden


title: Josh Boden

texts:
 said Boden was cut because Chris Bauman's post-concussion problems were cleared. Criminal history

<mask> goes by the alias <mask> and has an extensive criminal history of violence, sexual assault, and involvement with prostitutes. 2008
<mask> was charged with assault, theft, and mischief (court file number 197454) in April 2008 in connection with a complaint laid by former girlfriend Kimberly Lynn Hallgarth, age 33. Hallgarth changed her story on the witness stand in August 2008 and charges were dropped. The charges resulted in Boden's dismissal from the BC Lions. On October 12, 2008, Boden was charged with four firearms offences. 2009
On or about March 15, 2009, Kim Hallgarth was found brutally murdered at her 6776 Colborne Avenue, Burnaby, BC residence (IHIT File #2009-2220).Boden was a "person of interest" in the Hallgarth investigation. <mask>, <mask>'s mother, said that her son always blamed Hallgarth for "ruining" his football career. It was reported that Kimberly Hallgarth owned a nail salon but also worked as a prostitute. It has been noted that Boden's mother, Karen, was placed in a safe house to hide from her son and also altered her appearance to not be recognized by the son she now fears. On Monday September 7, 2009, Boden was arrested by Vancouver Police after the police allegedly observed him fondling a woman. Boden was taken into custody after a violent struggle near Commercial Drive and Broadway in Vancouver and charged with sexual assault and resisting or obstructing the police. Boden was also a person of interest in four other sexual assaults by a muscular black male during the summer of 2009.Previous firearms charges were dismissed Thursday October 11, 2009 due to prosecution not proving the four firearms in Boden's possession were operational. 2011
On December 12 or 13, 2011, Boden was convicted of two counts of sexual assault and one count of assaulting and one count of obstructing a police officer. 2012

<mask> was charged

masks:
Joshua Boden
Mike Boden
Joshua Boden
Karen Boden
Josh
Joshua Boden


title: Josh Boden

texts:
 under Criminal Code of Canada 264.1. Uttering threats according to B.C. Court file number 192462 January 14, 2012. These charges were thrown out of court. On April 13, 2012, while on bail for previous charges, <mask> was charged with four counts of assault at Tinseltown Cinema in Vancouver according to B.C.Court file number 11232. On July 26, 2012, Crown lawyer Michaela Donnelly asked for a one-year jail sentence for the former BC Lions football player convicted of sex crimes at Vancouver SkyTrain stations. Boden was set to appear in Vancouver Provincial Court on August 31, 2012 for decision. On August 31, 2012, <mask> was sentenced to one year of imprisonment for the 2009 sex-crimes he committed as well as obstruction and assaulting a police officer. He served six months, given credit for time already in custody, and was to be on probation for three years after his release. 2014
Boden was charged with four counts of assault causing bodily harm and breaching his probation conditions. This was relating to a complaint to Surrey RCMP received from a woman alleging that <mask>den assaulted her several times dating back to 2013.These charges were thrown out of court. On July 15, 2014, <mask> Boden was facing multiple charges: Procuring someone to be a prostitute, living on the avails of prostitution, aiding a person to engage in prostitution and criminal harassment. These charges were related to incidents that took place in Vancouver and Port Moody in February 2014. These charges were thrown out of court. 2018
On November 5, 2018, Boden was charged with second-degree murder after the 2009 killing of Kimberly Hallgarth. References

External links
Just Sports Stats

1986 births
Living people
21st-century Canadian criminals
BC Lions players
Canadian football wide receivers
Canadian male criminals
Crime in British Columbia
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Players of Canadian football from British Columbia
Sportspeople from Vancouver
Violence against women in

masks:
Joshua Boden
Josh Boden
Josh Bo
Joshua Joseph


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
<mask> (; , born April 7, 1933) is an Iranian philosopher and University Professor of Islamic studies at George Washington University. Born in Tehran, Nasr completed his education in Iran and the United States, earning a bachelor's degree in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a master's in geology and geophysics, and a doctorate in the history of science from Harvard University. He returned to his homeland in 1958 and was appointed a professor of philosophy and Islamic sciences at Tehran University. He held various academic positions in Iran, including vice-chancellor at Tehran University and President of Aryamehr University, and established the Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy at the request of Empress Farah Pahlavi, which soon became one of the most prominent centers of philosophical activity in the Islamic world. During his time in Iran, he also studied with several traditional masters of Islamic philosophy and sciences. The 1979 revolution forced him to exile with his family to the United States, where he has lived and taught Islamic sciences and philosophy ever since, establishing himself as one of the world's leading representatives of the Islamic philosophical tradition and the perennialist school of thought. Nasr writes and speaks from the viewpoint of perennial philosophy, which is based in metaphysics.Although Islam and Sufism are major influences on his writings, his perennialist approach inquires into the essence of all orthodox religions, regardless of their formal particularities. He is the author of over fifty books and more than five hundred articles. Biography

Origins
Seyyed <mask> <mask> was born on 7 April 1933 in Tehran to <mask>

masks:
Seyyed Hossein Nasr
Hossein
Nasr
Seyyed


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 Valiallah Khan Nasr, who was a physician to the royal family, philosopher and homme de lettres, and one of the founders of modern education in Iran. Nasr's parents were originally from Kashan. His mother was well-versed in Persian literature and poetry. He is a descendant of Sheikh Fazlollah Nouri from his mother's side, is the cousin of Iranian philosopher Ramin Jahanbegloo as well as the father of American academic Vali <mask>. The surname "Nasr", which means "victorious", was given to his grandfather by the Shah.The title "Seyyed" indicates a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. Education

Nasr completed his primary education in Tehran, and his education was supplemented by religious and philosophical discussions with his father and an entourage of theologians, ministers, scholars, and mystics. He immersed himself in the Koranic studies, Persian literature, Arabic and French languages at an early age. While he was completing his first year of secondary school at Firooz Bahram High School, his father was hurt in a serious accident, so his mother sent him to continue his education in the United States so that he would not be present at the time of his father's imminent death. He would later say that there are three things that his father left him: "first of all, love of knowledge for our own Persian culture, our religious, literary, philosophical tradition; secondly, an avid interest in what was going on in the West in the realm of science and philosophy, literature and everything else; thirdly, a sense of serenity that he had within himself." In the United States, Nasr first attended Peddie School in Hightstown, New Jersey, graduating in 1950 as the valedictorian of his


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 At the age of twenty-five, Nasr graduated with a PhD from Harvard and completed his first book, Science and Civilization in Islam, the title being a direct tribute to Science and Civilization in China, the work by Joseph Needham which had for task to present to Westerners the complex developments of the history of science and technology in China, a mission Nasr was himself following for the Islamic civilization. His doctoral dissertation entitled "Conceptions of Nature in Islamic Thought" was published in 1964 by Harvard University Press as An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines. Apart from mastering Arabic and French he was initially taught in his childhood, during his student years, Nasr also learned Greek, Latin, Italian, Spanish and German. Back to Iran
After receiving his Ph.D. from Harvard in 1958, Nasr was offered the position of associate professor at MIT, as well as a three year research position as a junior fellow followed by a formal teaching position at Harvard, but he decided to return to Iran. That same year, Tehran University hired him as associate professor of philosophy and the history of science.He continued his study of Islamic sciences with traditional Iranian masters and philosophers (Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, Allameh Sayyed Abul Hasan Rafiee Qazvini and Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Assar), completing his dual education, academic and traditional. He had married and started a family at this point. His son, Vali <mask>, would go on to become an academic and expert on the Islamic world. At thirty, <mask> <mask> <mask> was the youngest person to become a full professor at Tehran University. He was quickly recognized as an authority in Islamic

masks: Nasr Seyyed Hossein Nasr


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 category, Ibn Sina, Suhrawardı, Ibn Arabi, and Mulla Sadra." According to Sarah Robinson-Bertoni, Nasr is one of the principal figures in Islamic philosophy, working at the crossroads of Western and Islamic intellectual traditions.Harry Oldmeadow considers Nasr to be "of the living traditionalists the most widely known in academic circles". For him, Nasr's works are characterized by "rigorous scholarly methodology, an encyclopedic erudition about all matters Islamic, a robustness of critical thought, and a sustained clarity of expression"; and he is "the foremost traditionalist thinker" to base himself on "eternal wisdom (sophia perennis)" in order to provide a solution to the contemporary environmental crisis. The Perennialist or Traditionalist school

When he discovered the writings of the most influential members of what would become the Traditionalist or Perennialist school (René Guénon, Ananda Coomaraswamy, Frithjof Schuon, Titus Burckhardt, Martin Lings), the student <mask> <mask> Nasr fully aligned himself to their perspective founded on the philosophia perennis. Thus, in the middle of a "materialistic century", this School provides Nasr with the keys to his spiritual quest: an esoteric doctrine and method within the framework of a Sufi path. For Patrick Laude:

For Nasr, the expression, "philosophia perennis", as understood by the Perennialist School refers to both the universal metaphysical truth and to its spiritual realization. The latter can only be considered, according to Nasr, in the framework of a tradition, thus with the aid of a method, rites, symbols and other means sanctified by revelation. The truth, though veiled, is innate to the human spirit and its

masks: Seyyed Hossein


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 realization leads to what he calls "knowledge", that is to say gnosis or wisdom (sophia), hence the expression "sophia perennis", common ground at the heart of all religions.Nasr clarifies that the notion of the philosophia perennis does not derive from a compilation "of wisdom writings of various historical traditions", which would have resulted in the conviction of the existence of common truths, but it is these very truths which, by "the practice of intellection, the use of the intellect" understood in a spiritual manner, are revealed to the human spirit which then observes "their presence in other times and climes and in fact in all the sacred traditions the world over". The language of the perennial philosophy is symbolism. God and the world

According to Seyyed <mask> Nasr, the "Divine Reality" includes, metaphysically speaking, an "Impersonal Essence" and a personal aspect that the believer "ordinarily identifies with God", in accordance with the perspective of "most religions". Only the "esoteric dimension" within these religions take into account the "Impersonal Essence", as can be seen most notably in "the Kabbalah, Sufism, and among many Christian mystics such as Meister Eckhart and Angelus Silesius". "God as ultimate Reality" is thus at the same time "Essence" and "Person" or "Supra-Being and Being". Understood in this way, God or the Principle,

God is not only "Absolute and Infinite", He is also "the Supreme Good or Perfection". Now, according to Nasr, the specificity of infinitude and of good in divinis requires that they exteriorize themselves, that is to say, that they manifest themselves in multiplicity, hence the world.A world that is imperfect despite


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 terrestrial figure created in the 'form of God', [...] living in this world but created for eternity". This aspect of humanity, for Nasr, "is reflected in all of his being and his faculties". Among these faculties, Nasr underlines the primacy of intelligence, sentiments, and will: "as a theomorphic being", his intelligence "can know the truth as such", his sentiments "are capable [...] of reaching out for the ultimate through love, suffering, sacrifice, and also fear", and his will "is free to choose [...], it reflects the Divine Freedom".But, "because of man's separation from his original perfection", a consequence "of what Christianity calls the fall", itself followed by further declines, these faculties no longer operate invariably according to their "theomorphic nature". Thus, "intelligence can become reduced to mental play", "sentiments can deteriorate to little more than gravitation around that illusory coagulation which [...] is the ego" and "the will can be debased to nothing other than the urge to do that which removes man from the source of his own being". "All traditional sciences of nature, [...] are also sciences of the self on the basis of the microcosmic-macrocosmic correspondence", therefore by virtue of an "inward link that binds man as the microcosm to the cosmos". This ideal man, underlines Nasr, is "primordial man [...] perfect, [...] plenary reflection of all those Divine Qualities", who knew everything "in God and through God". Knowledge and the intellect

According to <mask> <mask> Nasr, "man contains within himself many levels of existence", that "the Western tradition" synthesises in the ternary "spirit, soul, and body (pneuma, psychē, and hylē or


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 "discrimination between the Real and the unreal terminates in the awareness of the nondual nature of the Real, the awareness which is the heart of gnosis and which represents not human knowledge but God's knowledge of Himself", consciousness which is at the same time "the goal of the path of knowledge and the essence of scientia sacra". Nasr contends that this wisdom, which corresponds – beyond salvation -– to deliverance from the bonds of all limitation, "is present in the heart of all traditions", whether it be the Hindu Vedanta, Buddhism, the Jewish Kabbalah, the Christian metaphysics of an Eckhart or an Erigena, or Sufism. It alone "is able to solve certain apparent contradictions and riddles in sacred texts".The sacred

Terry Moore, in his introduction to a long interview that Seyyed <mask> <mask> gave to the Iranian philosopher Ramin Jahanbegloo, recalls that for Nasr,

Still, according to Moore, it is this relationship with the sacred, through the channel of "Tradition" that anchors Seyyed <mask> Nasr's worldview. Nasr considers the sense of the sacred as inseparable from any spiritual quest. This sense emanates from the awareness of the eternal and immutable reality of the Divine, which is both transcendent and immanent to all universal manifestation, therefore also to the human being. The sacred manifests itself in "revelation, the sacred rites of various religions, spiritual and initiatory practices, sacred art, virgin nature", in fact everything that transmits "the presence of the Divine". Metaphysics

For Nasr, true metaphysics – the scientia sacra –, which is the intellectual foundation of the Traditionalist School, "is the science of the Real; of the origin

masks: Hossein Nasr Hossein


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 this term, which means total deliverance from the bonds of all limitations". Nasr argues that spirituality requires a constant practice and a rigorous discipline within the framework of a religion, and he considers the current commercialization of the "pseudo-spiritual" to be indicative of people wanting the spiritual result without the effort.Daoud Riffi emphasizes that Sufism is the spiritual path followed by Seyyed <mask> <mask> in a universalist framework which attests to the principial unity of all major religions. Nasr's Sufism relates to the intellect in its medieval sense, that is, the spiritual heart: "True knowledge is therefore a matter of the heart, not of the mind, and the fruit of an interior asceticism." Exoterism and esoterism

Nasr says that every integral religion "possesses at once an external or exoteric dimension" and "an inner or esoteric dimension". The first is "concerned with the external and formal aspect of human life" with a view to the posthumous salvation of those "who follow the precepts" of their religion and who "have faith in its truths". The second concerns "the formless and the essential" with a view to the realization of "the Supreme Essence, here and now". These two dimensions unfold in "a hierarchy of levels from the most outward to the most inward which is the Supreme Center". Nasr thus distinguishes three modes of "approaching ultimate Reality": "the ways of work, love and knowledge", which correspond to as many predispositions of human nature.The most interiorizing paths integrate those which are less so, but the latter, not necessarily possessing the capacity "to understand what is beyond them", sometimes become the causes of

masks: Hossein Nasr


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 a simple nostalgia for the past, it stems from the wisdom that this tradition conveys, instructing the human being on his own nature and that of the world, and calling him to achieve his original perfection. Only the truths conveyed by tradition, continues Nasr, allow us to grasp the full scope of the errors of modern thought and its misdeeds on man and nature. Ecology

It was in 1966, during the Rockefeller Foundation Lectures at the University of Chicago, that <mask> <mask> Nasr, for the first time, made public the importance that he placed on nature and his concern for its degradation. He was one of the first philosophers to turn to this question and he is considered to be the founder of environmentalism in the Muslim world. In several works he deals with the causes of the mutilation of the planet and the restorative remedies.Causes

Tarik Quadir argues that "the ecological crisis, for Nasr, is only an externalization of an inner malaise [...] due in large part to the various applications of modern [western] science. [...] Following the loss of the vision of the universe proper to medieval Christian worldview, [...] this science ignores or denies the existence of any reality other than that of the material aspect of nature". Indeed, as Nasr explains, "the Renaissance and its aftermath […] witnessed the rise of a secular humanism and the absolutization of earthly man with immeasurable consequences for both the world of nature and traditional civilizations conquered by this new type of man, who gives free rein to his Promethean ambition to dominate nature and its forces in order to gain wealth or to conquer others civilizations, or both. [...] Nature, more than a lifeless


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 which reduces all reality to the physical domain and does not wish under any condition to accept the possibility of the existence of non-scientistic worldviews". However, Nasr notes, a large number of eminent physicists "have often been the first to deny scientism and even the so-called scientific method [...], seeking to go beyond the scientific reductionism which has played such a great role in the desacralization of nature and of knowledge itself".According to Lumbard, Nasr considers that:

Art

In his reflections on art, Seyyed <mask> Nasr bases himself on "the traditional perspective which is by nature meta-historic and perennial". For him, all art "must convey the truth and beauty" and "a meaning that is ultimately universal" because it is independent of "the ego of the individual artist". He cites as examples the traditional art, "whether it be Persian and Arabic in the Islamic world, Japanese and Chinese in the Far East, Hindu and Buddhist in the Indian world, medieval Christian in the West", as well as the arts of the "primal people of the Americas, Australia and Africa, who in a sense, belong to one family". "That art is the reflection of a Platonic paradigm, idea, or archetype, in the Platonic sense, in the world of physical forms." Thus, in traditional art, specifies Nasr, the artist "is an instrument for the expression of certain symbols, of certain ideas, [...] which are beyond the individual and are executed artistically through traditional techniques" because they belong to the "spiritual world"; "this is where the great difference between traditional and modern art comes from". An art is considered traditional "not because of its subject matter but because


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 the truth and the millennial heritage of traditional art, most of which was produced […] by anonymous artists who humbled themselves before the reality of the Spirit and through their transparency were able to reflect the light of the spiritual world in their works". Awards and honors
In 2000, a volume was devoted to him in the Library of Living Philosophers. Templeton Religion and Science Award (1999)
 First Muslim and first non-Western scholar to deliver the prestigious Gifford Lectures. Honorary Doctor from the Faculty of Theology of Uppsala University, Sweden (1977)
 In 1977, La Perse, pont de Turquoise ('Persia, the turquoise bridge'), which he co-authored with Roloff Beny won the Prix Charles Blanc of the Académie Française.Works

Nasr is the author of over fifty books and five hundred articles (a number of which can be found in the journal, Studies in Comparative Religion)  on topics such as Traditionalist metaphysics, Islamic science, religion and the environment, Sufism, and Islamic philosophy. He has written works in Persian, English, French, Arabic and Indonesian. 1) (1999)
 The Pilgrimage of Life and the Wisdom of Rumi: Poems and Translations (2007)
As editor
 An Annotated Bibliography of Islamic Science, edited with William Chittick and Peter Zirnis (3 vols., 1975)
 Isma'ili Contributions to Islamic Culture (1977)
 The Essential Frithjof Schuon (1986)
 Shi'ism: Doctrines, Thought, and Spirituality, edited with <mask> Vali Reza Nasr and Hamid Dabashi (1988)
 Expectation of the Millennium: Shi'ism in History, edited with <mask> Vali Reza <mask> and Hamid Dabashi (1989)
 Islamic Spirituality (Vol. 1: Foundations, 1987; Vol. Sources and Bibliography

 This work

masks: Seyyed Seyyed Nasr


title: Seyyed Hossein Nasr

texts:
 is a bibliography of <mask> <mask> <mask> from 1961 to 2014 including translation of his works in 28 languages. (From the publisher.) Notes

See also

References

External links

 Faculty page at Columbian College of Arts & Sciences
 Google Scholar Page

20th-century Iranian philosophers
21st-century Iranian philosophers
1933 births
Iranian expatriate academics
American writers of Iranian descent
American Sufis
Iranian Sufis
Iranian Shia Muslims
American Shia Muslims
Traditionalist School
Columbian College of Arts and Sciences faculty
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Peddie School alumni
People from Tehran
Scholars of Sufism
Shia scholars of Islam
Living people
Chancellors of the Sharif University of Technology
Iranian emigrants to the United States
Islamic philosophers
American Islamic studies scholars
Iranian researchers
Muslim

masks: Seyyed Hossein Nasr


title: Stuart Olof Agrell

texts:
<mask> (5 March 1913 – 29 January 1996) was an optical mineralogist and collaborator applying the electron microprobe to petrology. His involvement in the Apollo program brought him to the attention of the British media and public. He was also interested in moon rocks and the moon itself. Biography
<mask> was born in Ruislip, Middlesex to a Scandinavian father and English mother. He went to Trinity Hall, Cambridge in 1932, the first year of C E Tilley's new Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, and attained a first class degree. This was followed by a PhD, which was a substantial study of Scottish metamorphics, under P. C. Phillips at Cambridge in 1938. He went to join the staff at Manchester University, and in 1939 on the outbreak of World War II was put to work studying industrial slag mineralogy in order to improve the efficiency of the furnace process.In 1949 he returned to Cambridge University as a Lecturer and as Museum Curator in Tilley's Department. He carried on with his work in laterites and widened his interest to calcareous rocks. With the collaboration of J. V. P. Long began using the electron microprobe to study rocks and minerals. He took in hand an extensive but ill-organised collection of meteorites in the museum and from his study with

masks:
Stuart Olof Agrell
Agrell


title: Stuart Olof Agrell

texts: electron probe work discovered the "Agrell effect", the decrease in the nickel content of kamacite as a boundary with taenite is approached. In 1962 Agrell was appointed Visiting Professor on the American Geological Institute scheme. For two and a half years he was busy with Professorships at the University of Minnesota and at Berkeley and occasional field trips. One of these field trips took him to a road-side quarry on Highway 101 just south of Laytonville California.The local mineralogists superficially thought that the minerals were ordinary amphiboles. <mask> realized that the optics were wrong for that, and soon found that he had three new mineral species to name. Three of his colleagues at Cambridge had just published a famous five volume set called "The Rock Forming Minerals" by Deer, Howie and Zussman, so each of the authors got one of the minerals named after him. Playfully named, deerite was the mineral found with each of the other two, "but the junior author's minerals, howieite and zussmanite, never occurred together". (Reference: see published paper, below.) His work on meteorites, and the discovery of the Agrell effect, led to him being accepted not only as a Principal lunar sample Investigator for the Apollo program, but also the only


title: Stuart Olof Agrell

texts: non-American petrologist member of the preliminary examination team at Houston. When he returned to Britain with moon rock in a carpet bag, he almost became a national celebrity for his appearances as the "expert geologist" in the BBC television coverage of astronauts collecting lunar rocks and soils.He was pioneer in bringing geology to the general public. He published seminal papers on the constitution of the lunar soil and on lunar basalt mineralogy. <mask> became a Fellow of Trinity Hall in 1964 Once interest in the Apollo programme declined, <mask> returned to meteoritics, his curatorial duties, and teaching final year students. As he came to the end of his career during the 1970s, he passionately wanted Cambridge to remain a centre of extraterrestrial sample research and attracted talented workers to form a flourishing planetary sciences group there. <mask> retired in 1980, at the same time as the Mineralogy and Petrology Department merged into the new Department of Earth Sciences an outcome that he had quietly helped to achieve. Retirement made little difference to his level of activity and the award of a Leverhulme Emeritus Fellowship allowed him to return to the Marysvale district of Utah to continue work he had started in the 60s. In 1983 he was

masks: Agrell Agrell Agrell


title: Stuart Olof Agrell

texts:
 elected President of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain.Three years later, in 1986, he suffered a stroke at the wheel of his car which involved him in a serious road accident. Although he managed to achieve some further research successes this effectively put an end to his work. <mask> was an outstanding optical mineralogist and pioneer of precise chemical analysis for petrographic studies, Although he was an excellent communicator, he was a poor formal lecturer partly because of a slight stammer and he disliked writing because of a mild word dyslexia. This affected the amount of recognition he received. His strength was in practical teaching and many of the students he taught and also advised unofficially went on to become leaders in their fields. His memory is perpetuated by the mineral agrellite (NaCa2Si4O10F). Agrell married Jean Imlay, a former fellow graduate student at Cambridge whose skills included fluency in Russian and computing.They had three sons. Publications
 Agrell, S. O.; and Long, J. V. P. "The Application of the scanning X-ray microanalyser to mineralogy", in X-ray Microscopy and Microanalysis (Engstrom, A.; Coslett, V. E.; and Pattee, H. H.; editors), (1960), Elsevier, Amsterdam (NL), pp. 391– 400
 Agrell, S. O.; Long, J. V.


title: Harold Prince

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; January 30, 1928 – July 31, 2019), commonly known as <mask>, was an American theatrical director and producer known for his work in musical theater. One of the foremost figures in 20th century American theater, <mask> became associated throughout his career with many of the most noteworthy musicals in Broadway history, including West Side Story, Fiddler on the Roof, Cabaret, Sweeney Todd, and Phantom of the Opera, the longest running show in Broadway history. Many of his productions broke new ground for musical theater, expanding the possibilities of the form by incorporating more serious and political subjects, such as Nazism (Cabaret), the difficulties of marriage (Company), and the forcible opening of 19th-century Japan (Pacific Overtures). Over the span of his career, he garnered a record-setting 21 Tony Awards, including eight for directing, eight for producing the year's Best Musical, two as Best Producer of a Musical, and three special awards. Early life
<mask> was born to an affluent family in Manhattan, the son of Blanche ( Stern) and <mask>. He was adopted by his stepfather, Milton A<mask>, a stockbroker.His family was of German Jewish descent. Following his graduation from the Franklin School, later called the Dwight School, in New York, he entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he followed a liberal arts curriculum and graduated in three years at age 19. He later served two years with the United States Army in post-World War II Germany. Career
<mask> began work in the theatre as an assistant stage manager to theatrical producer and director George Abbott. Along with Abbott, he co-produced The Pajama Game, which won the 1955 Tony Award for Best Musical. He received Tony Awards for 1956's Damn Yankees, 1960's Fiorello! and 1963's A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, and Tony nominations for 1958's West Side Story and New Girl in Town.He went on to direct and produce his own

masks:
Harold Smith Prince
Harold Smith
Hal Prince
Prince
Prince
Harold Smith
. Prince
Prince


title: Harold Prince

texts: productions in 1962 beginning with the unsuccessful A Family Affair followed by his first critically successful musical, She Loves Me (Tony nomination, 1964). He received a Tony Award for producing Fiddler on the Roof (1965) and almost gave up musical theatre before his Tony winning success directing and producing with Kander and Ebb's Cabaret in 1966, followed by Kander and Ebb's Zorba (Tony nomination, 1969). 1970 marked the start of his greatest creative collaboration, with composer/lyricist Stephen Sondheim. They had previously worked on West Side Story and their association spawned a long string of landmark productions, including Company (Tony Award, 1970), Follies (Tony Award, 1971), A Little Night Music (Tony Award, 1973), Pacific Overtures (Tony nomination, 1976), Side by Side by Sondheim (Tony nomination, 1977), and Sweeney Todd (Tony Award, 1979). Following Merrily We Roll Along (1981), which ran for 16 performances, they parted ways until Bounce in 2003. He received a Tony nomination for directing On the Twentieth Century (1978) and won twice for the Andrew Lloyd Webber musicals Evita (1980) and The Phantom of the Opera (1988). Between them, <mask> was offered the job of directing Cats by Lloyd Webber but turned it down and directed A Doll's Life (1982) with lyricists Betty Comden and Adolph Green.The musical continued the story of Nora Helmer past what Henrik Ibsen had written in A Doll's House. It ran for five performances; The New York Times wrote, "It was overproduced and overpopulated to the extent that the tiny resolute figure of Nora became lost in the combined mechanics of Broadway and the Industrial Revolution." Broadway wags dubbed the show either "A Doll's Death" or, due to the omnipresent portal out of which Nora slammed in the prologue, "A Door's Life." <mask>'s other commercially unsuccessful musicals included Grind (Tony nomination, 1985), which closed after 71 performances, and Roza (1987). However,

masks: Prince Prince


title: Harold Prince

texts: his production of The Phantom of the Opera eventually became the longest-running show in Broadway history. <mask> ultimately stopped producing because he "became more interested in directing". Kiss of the Spider Woman, which he directed in 1993, received the Tony Award for Best Musical.In 1994, <mask> became a Kennedy Center Honoree. He received a 1995 Tony Award for directing Showboat, and was nominated again for 1999's Parade. In 2000, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In 2006, <mask> was awarded a Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre. In 2007, he directed his last original musical on Broadway, LoveMusik and on May 20 of that year, he gave the commencement address at Gettysburg College in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He was presented with the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award by awards council member and author Toni Morrison at a 2007 ceremony in Washington, D.C. In 2008 <mask> was the keynote speaker at Elon University's Convocation for Honors celebration.<mask> co-directed, with Susan Stroman, the 2010 musical Paradise Found. The musical features the music of Johann Strauss II as adapted by Jonathan Tunick with lyrics by Ellen Fitzhugh. The book was written by Richard Nelson, based on Joseph Roth's novel The Tale of the 1002nd Night. The musical premiered at the Menier Chocolate Factory in London on May 19, 2010 and closed on June 26, and starred Mandy Patinkin. A retrospective of <mask>'s work titled Prince of Broadway was co-directed by <mask> and Susan Stroman and presented by Umeda Arts Theater in Tokyo, Japan in October 2015. The book was written by David Thompson with additional material and orchestrations by Jason Robert Brown. <mask> was slated to direct The Band's Visit in 2016 but withdrew due to scheduling conflicts.Prince of Broadway opened in August 2017 at the Samuel J. Friedman Theatre in New York with a cast featuring Chuck Cooper, Janet Dacal, Bryonha Marie

masks: Prince Prince Prince Prince Prince Prince Prince Prince


title: Harold Prince

texts: Parham, Emily Skinner, Brandon Uranowitz, Kaley Ann Voorhees, Michael Xavier, Tony Yazbeck, and Karen Ziemba. In addition to musicals, <mask> also directed operas including Josef Tal's Ashmedai, Carlisle Floyd's Willie Stark, Puccini's Madama Butterfly, and a revival of Bernstein's Candide (Tony Award, 1974). In 1983 <mask> staged Turandot for the Vienna State Opera (conductor: Lorin Maazel; with José Carreras and Éva Marton). <mask> was the inspiration for John Lithgow's character in Bob Fosse's film All That Jazz. He was also assumed to be the basis of a character in Richard Bissell's novel Say, Darling, which chronicled Bissell's own experience turning his novel 7½ Cents into The Pajama Game. According to Masterworks Broadway, "besides his achievements as a producer and director, <mask> is also known for bringing innovation to the theatrical arts. In collaboration with Stephen Sondheim, he was a pioneer in the development of the 'concept musical,' taking its departure from an idea or theme rather than from a traditional story.Their first project of this kind, Company (1970), was a solid success and paved the way for other innovative musicals." According to The New York Times, "He was known, too, for his collaborations with a murderer's row of creative talents, among them the choreographers Bob Fosse, Jerome Robbins, Michael Bennett and Susan Stroman; the designers Boris Aronson, Eugene Lee, Patricia Zipprodt and Florence Klotz; and the composers Leonard Bernstein, John Kander, Stephen Sondheim and Andrew Lloyd Webber." The Harold Prince Theatre at the Annenberg Center of the University of Pennsylvania is named in his honor. A documentary titled <mask>: The Director's Life was directed by Lonny Price and broadcast on PBS Great Performances in November 2018. In 2019, The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts presented an extensive exhibit honoring the life and work of <mask>. <mask> served as a trustee for the

masks:
Prince
Prince
Legacy Prince
Prince
Harold Prince
Harold Prince
Prince


title: Harold Prince

texts:
 library and on the National Council of the Arts of the National Endowment for the Arts. At the behest of Lotte Lenya, whom he cast in Cabaret (1966), <mask> also served on the Board of Trustees of The Kurt Weill Foundation for Music and as a judge of their Lotte Lenya Competition.Andrew Lloyd Webber said: "There isn't anybody working on musical theater on either side of the Atlantic who doesn't owe an enormous debt to this extraordinary man....Hal was very minimalist with his sets. People think of Phantom as this great big spectacle. That's an illusion. Hal always looked at the show as this big black box in which the stage craft enabled you to believe there was this impressive scenery all around you." Jason Robert Brown said: "More than anything else, when I think about Hal, I think about his belief in theater. He believed in what it could do....He thought a lot about the world and the political systems and emotional support systems in it. He was very much a political artist."Personal life
<mask> married Judy Chaplin, daughter of composer and musical director Saul Chaplin, on October 26, 1962. They are parents of <mask>, a director, and <mask>, a conductor. Actor Alexander Chaplin, best known as "James Hobert" on Spin City, is <mask>'s son-in-law. At the time of his death, <mask> lived in Manhattan and Switzerland. Death
<mask> died in Reykjavík, Iceland, on July 31, 2019, at the age of 91. The marquee lights of Broadway theatres were dimmed on July 31, 2019, in the traditional gesture of honor. A memorial was held at Broadway's Majestic Theatre on December 16, 2019.Work

Stage productions
Source: Playbill (vault); Internet Broadway Database

 Tickets, Please! (1950) – assistant stage manager
 Call Me Madam (1950) – assistant stage manager
 Wonderful Town (1953) – stage manager
 The Pajama Game (1954) – co-producer
 Damn Yankees (1955) – co-producer
 New Girl in Town (1957) – co-producer
 West Side Story (1957) –

masks:
Prince
Prince
Daisy Prince
Charles Prince
Prince
Prince
Prince


title: Shinji Kagawa

texts:
<mask> ( Kagawa Shinji ; born 17 March 1989) is a Japanese professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Sint-Truiden and the Japan national team. He is widely regarded as one of the best Japanese players of all time. <mask> began his professional career in his homeland with Cerezo Osaka before joining Borussia Dortmund in 2010. After two years with Dortmund, <mask> signed for Manchester United on a four-year contract. Two years later, he returned to Dortmund. <mask> holds the records for most appearances and goals by a Japanese player in UEFA club competitions. Since making his senior international debut in May 2008, he has won over 90 caps and scored over 30 goals.On 29 November 2012, <mask> was named Asian Football Confederation International Player of the Year. Club career
<mask> was born in Kobe, Hyōgo Prefecture. He started playing football at the age of five. He joined Marino Football Club from 1994 to 1999, Kobe NK Football Club from 1999 to 2001, and FC Miyagi Barcelona in Sendai from 2001 to 2005. Cerezo Osaka
Cerezo Osaka noticed his talent and signed him at the age of 17. He was the first player in Japan to sign a professional contract before graduating from high school, except players promoted from youth teams of the J.League clubs. In 2007, he gained a regular position but the club missed promotion to the J.League Division 1.It was in 2009 that he became the top scorer of J.League Division 2 and drew widespread attention. Borussia Dortmund

2010–11 season

In the summer of 2010, <mask> transferred from Cerezo to Borussia Dortmund for €350,000. The relatively modest cost of the transfer was because of a release clause in Kagawa's contract

masks:
Shinji Kagawa
Kagawa
Kagawa
Kagawa
Kagawa
Kagawa
Kagawa


title: Shinji Kagawa

texts:
 with Cerezo, which allowed him to leave the club cheaply if he had an opportunity to play in Europe. On 23 August 2010, he made his debut appearance in the Bundesliga, starting for his new club Dortmund. After scoring his first two competitive goals for the club in the UEFA Europa League qualifying tie against Qarabağ FK, he continued this form with his first goal in the Bundesliga match against VfL Wolfsburg, which Dortmund won 2–0. In the Revierderby against arch-rivals Schalke 04, which Dortmund won 3–1, <mask> claimed pre-match that he would score two goals; he accomplished the feat, making him a fan favourite in the process. <mask> missed half of the Bundesliga season because of an injury he picked up on international duty with Japan, but managed to score eight goals in 18 appearances.His strong effort in the first half of the season helped his side finish as champions of the Bundesliga, and he was even named in the Bundesliga Best XI. 2011–12 season
Kagawa was back in time for the start of the 2011–12 Bundesliga campaign and quickly found his way back into the starting line-up. Kagawa scored his first goal of the new Bundesliga season on 18 September, coming on in a disappointing 2–1 loss to Hannover 96, as Dortmund gave up two goals in the last three minutes. On 22 October, <mask> opened the scoring in the seventh minute as Dortmund crushed 1. FC Köln 5–0 in front of 80,200 home fans at the Signal Iduna Park. Kagawa scored again on 5 November, as Dortmund brushed aside VfL Wolfsburg 5–1 and moved within two points of league leaders Bayern Munich. Kagawa scored a late consolation against Arsenal in a 2–1 loss in the group stage of the Champions League.On 28 January 2012, <mask>

masks: Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa


title: Shinji Kagawa

texts:
 scored twice in Dortmund's 3–1 win against Hoffenheim. <mask> scored the only goal of the game against Werder Bremen on 17 March, heading in a pass from İlkay Gündoğan in the eighth minute. <mask> scored two goals in Dortmund's 6–1 thrashing of Cologne on 25 March, keeping Dortmund five points ahead of Bayern in the title race. <mask> won the Bundesliga with Borussia Dortmund in 2012 as they set a Bundesliga record scoring the most points in a season in the Bundesliga, with 81. <mask> also scored a goal and provided an assist for Dortmund against rivals Bayern Munich in the 2012 DFB-Pokal Final. He scored a total of 13 goals and had 8 assists during that season. Manchester United

On 5 June 2012, it was announced by Manchester United that the club had reached an agreement with Borussia Dortmund and <mask> for his transfer, a deal that made him the first Japanese player to join the club.The fee was reported to be an initial £12 million, with a further £5 million in possible add-ons. The transfer was completed on 22 June after Kagawa passed his medical at Manchester United and received his UK work permit. On 3 July, it was revealed that Kagawa would wear the number 26 shirt for United. <mask> spoke about his former club, Borussia Dortmund, saying, "I will carry this club, their great fans, and the whole city in my heart forever and will follow their results with great interest." On 18 July 2012, <mask> was handed a two-minute appearance to mark his Manchester United debut in Durban, South Africa, against AmaZulu in a pre-season friendly match. <mask> made his first start for the Red Devils against Ajax Cape Town on 21 July 2012, and scored his first goal against Shanghai Shenhua four days

masks: Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa


title: Shinji Kagawa

texts:
 later. He made his Premier League debut on 20 August 2012, playing the full 90 minutes of United's 1–0 defeat away to Everton.He scored his first goal against Fulham on 25 August in his home debut for the club. After Tom Cleverley's shot was parried by Fulham goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer, Kagawa scored on the rebound from close range. On 19 September, <mask> was given his first Champions League start as United played against Galatasaray. He provided an assist for the winning goal scored by Michael Carrick in a 1–0 win. On 23 October, he set up Javier Hernández for United's first goal in an eventual 3–2 Champions League victory against Braga. In that match, however, he twisted his knee, which left him sidelined for two months. <mask> returned from injury in January 2013.On 2 March 2013, <mask> scored his first hat-trick for United and also became the first Asian player to score a hat-trick in the Premier League, in his team's 4–0 home win against Norwich City. On 22 April, Kagawa played a part in the title-winning match against Aston Villa in which United won 3–0; he became the first Japanese player to win a Premier League title. On 12 May, <mask> was included in the United squad to play against Swansea City in Alex Ferguson's last home game before retirement, which United won 2–1. On the same day, Kagawa received his Premier League medal and was voted Man of the Match. Return to Dortmund
On 31 August 2014, <mask> officially returned to his former club, Borussia Dortmund, for an undisclosed fee thought to be around £6.5 million and signing a contract until 30 June 2018. He was assigned the shirt number 7 which was vacated by Jonas Hofmann who had left Dortmund to 1. FSV Mainz 05 on loan.On his

masks: Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa


title: Shinji Kagawa

texts:
 return debut, Kagawa scored a goal and set up another to help Dortmund win 3–1 against SC Freiburg. On 14 July 2017, <mask> extended his contract with Dortmund until 2020. In the first half of the 2018–19 season, a combination of injury and coach Lucien Favre's preference to play Marco Reus as a central attacking midfielder meant <mask> played just four times for Dortmund. That led to <mask> joining Turkish club Beşiktaş on loan for the remainder of the season. Zaragoza
On 9 August 2019, <mask> completed a transfer to Real Zaragoza of Spain's Segunda División, penning a two-year contract. He debuted for the club on 17 August 2019, in the 2019–20 Segunda División opening match against Tenerife at La Romareda, which Zaragoza won 2–0. Eight days later, he scored his first goal in a 1–1 draw against Ponferradina.On 2 October 2020, <mask>'s contract was terminated by Zaragoza. PAOK
On 27 January 2021, <mask> joined Super League Greece club PAOK on a one-and-a-half-year contract. On 18 December 2021, due to not being part of Razvan Lucescu's plans, despite some opportunities at the start of the 2021-22 season, <mask> mutually terminated his contract with the club and for no recompense for the remaining six months. <mask> left PAOK almost after a year, having only 12 appearances in competitive games, of which only three were as a starter. Sint-Truiden
On 10 January 2022, <mask> signed with the Belgian club Sint-Truiden. International career
Kagawa played as a member of the Japan national under-20 football team in the 2007 FIFA U-20 World Cup held in Canada. In 2008, he was also selected to play as a member of the Japanese team for the 2008 Summer Olympics.On 24 May 2008, he made his senior

masks: Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa


title: Shinji Kagawa

texts:
 international debut in a friendly Kirin Cup match. Japan won the match against Ivory Coast 1–0. However, was not selected in Takeshi Okada's final 23 squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. In September 2010, he scored the only goal of the game in Japan's win over Paraguay in Yokohama. <mask> was included in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup by coach Alberto Zaccheroni. In the quarter-final against Qatar, he scored two goals. The game ended in 3–2 win for Japan.In the semi-final against South Korea, <mask> broke his metatarsal bone and missed the final where Japan beat Australia after extra-time. <mask> was named in Japan's 23-man squad for the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and scored the second goal for his country during the group stage match against Italy, which ended in a 4–3 loss. He was selected for his first World Cup in 2014, but made little impact as the "Samurai Blue" was eliminated at the group stage. At the 2015 AFC Asian Cup, <mask> scored Japan's second goal during a 2–0 defeat of Jordan in the group stage and was named as man of the match. <mask> participated in Japan's quarter-final match against the United Arab Emirates. After the match ended 1–1 after extra time, <mask>, who was Japan's final kicker in the penalty shoot-out, hit the post with his kick, as Japan ended up losing the shoot-out 5–4. Style of play
A technically and creatively gifted player, <mask> is a versatile attacking midfielder who primarily plays in a playmaking role.He can additionally play on either the left or right flank. Kagawa has good composure on the ball and disciplined decision making and passing. He is an agile player who tends to roam around the opponents' defense looking for an intelligent

masks: Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa Kagawa