title: Cheryl Cox

texts: <mask>. The staffer was charged with five felony counts of perjury for telling a grand jury that he filled out his leave slip from work before rather than after he took off from his job at the City of Chula Vista. He pleaded guilty to lesser charges as part of a plea deal.The now-dormant unit ended its active phase with a second and final prosecution, that of Steve Castaneda, who had run against <mask> for mayor. Castaneda was prosecuted for allegedly lying about whether he planned to buy a condo, even though he never bought the condo in question. According to the San Diego Union Tribune, "Castaneda was a tenant at the complex and was accused of seeking favors, such as free rent, from Sunbow owner Ash Israni, according to the 1,200-page grand jury transcript. The investigation found that Castaneda paid his rent and didn't ask for special treatment. O'Toole told the grand jury the perjury charges are warranted because Castaneda should be held accountable for 'lying about the facts'; even if no crime was uncovered...Castaneda has been vocal about O'Toole's investigations, saying they are politically motivated. He contended that Dumanis conspired with Chula Vista Mayor <mask>, his political rival in the 2006 mayoral primary." In April 2014, questions were raised about political interference by San Diego County District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis in that election.In late 2005 Steve Padilla received a phone call from Dumanis asking him to support her employee Jesse Navarro for city councilman. Mr. Padilla did not comply. The phone call raises questions about possible political motivations for the ensuing prosecutions of a staffer of Steve Padilla and of Steve

masks:
Cox
Cheryl Cox
Cheryl Cox


title: Wesley Wallace

type: original

texts:
<mask> was an American blues and boogie-woogie pianist who accompanied a couple of St. Louis-based singers on recording sessions in 1929, and recorded two tracks of his own the following year, which were original. All of his recordings utilized the I and IV chords of the usual blues progression, completely omitting the V chord. One of <mask>'s tracks,  "was one of the finest train/railroad tunes". Career
Details of <mask>'s life are sketchy and partly guesswork on the part of blues historians. It is thought that he may have originally hailed from Arkansas and, around the time of his short recording career, that he lived in Alton, Illinois, approximately 18 miles north of St. Louis. However, there are no definitive birth nor death details available from any reliable authority. Equally, no information exists of <mask>'s life prior to his involvement in his first recording session.In October 1929, <mask> provided piano accompaniment to Bessie Mae Smith (not to be confused with Bessie Smith) on two sides, "Farewell Baby Blues" and "St. Louis Daddy", which were released by Paramount Records. The two cuts were also issued on Broadway Records, attributed to Sara Carter with Willis Waldon. The tracks were recorded in Grafton, Wisconsin. In November that year, <mask> recorded again in Grafton, two sides of his own; "No. 29" and "Fanny Lee Blues", also released by Paramount. AllMusic noted that "his two recordings speak volumes of a prodigious talent." In around November 1929 in the same Grafton-based studio, <mask> probably supplied piano backing to Robert Peeples on a couple of tracks; "Dying Baby Blues" and "Mama's Boy", also issued on Paramount.All of his recordings utilized the I and IV chords of the usual blues progression, completely omitting the V chord. It made <mask>'s piano playing unusual, if not quite unique, but as an accompanist this structural and harmonic peculiarity caused Peeples difficulty, as in "Dying Baby Blues", when the expected V chord

masks:
Wesley Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace


title: Wesley Wallace

texts:
 did not occur. "No. 29"
The "No. 29" in question was a steam locomotive pulling boxcars from Cairo, Illinois, to East St. Louis on the Illinois Central Railroad. "No. 29" utilized an unusual 3/4 meter with a restless, running eighth-note chromatic figure, to depict the train's motion.<mask>'s spoken comments over the top of his playing included his imitation of a train whistle blowing and the engine 'running hot'. <mask> played an abnormally consistent unaccentuated bass line in 6/4 time, with his right hand interspersed by speech and noise effects in recreating the sounds of a train journey. The song contains vivid descriptions of "riding the blinds", a dangerous practice where a hobo would hide between the cars of a moving train. One music journalist noted that "No. 29" "was one of the finest train/railroad tunes". "Fanny Lee Blues"
"Fanny Lee Blues" was a well received instrumental track. <mask>'s phrasing is not predictable, for example "Fanny Lee Blues" ranges from six to eleven  bars per chorus, sometimes including half bars.The rhythm also changes between swing and straight at various places, with the amount of swing changing sometimes from one bar to the next one. Henry Townsend stated "<mask> had beautiful coordination with what he was doing, very timely. The introduction he plays to "Fanny Lee Blues" was a typical sound of this city, that beat." In that, Townsend was referring specifically to St. Louis. In 1977, Magpie Records issued a sixteen track compilation, The Piano Blues Volume One : Paramount 1929-1930, which had both of <mask>'s solo tracks. The album's liner notes stated that <mask> was "an highly individual and eccentric pianist" and that "Fanny Lee Blues" was "common to the St. Louis style" and "played with disregard to bar lengths". Perceived connection to Sylvester Palmer
In November 1929, Sylvester Palmer, another St. Louis boogie-woogie pianist, waxed four sides in Chicago, Illinois for the rival Columbia Records.This led to

masks:
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wesley Wallace
Wallace
Wallace


title: Wesley Wallace

texts:
 later speculation that <mask> and Palmer were the same person. Palmer similarly used only I and IV chords, and at times the right-hand figuration showed common ground. There are similarities between Palmer's "Broke Man Blues" and <mask>'s "Fanny Lee Blues". However, Henry Townsend knew Palmer very well, and was acquainted with <mask>. Townsend traveled to Chicago with Palmer and when questioned stated "I've heard it said that the piano players <mask> and Sylvester Palmer were one and the same person. Forget it – it's not true. At Sylvester's session I was sitting right in the studio with him, and at my session he was right in the studio with me, and there was no other person involved."In Townsend's book, A Blues Life, he stated he knew both men and was able to cite differences in their playing. Later releases
In May 1933, Jabo Williams recorded "Jab Blues", and this track was issued alongside <mask>'s "No. 29" on a 10-inch 78 rpm "limited edition, released for the subscribers of Jazz Information". The most comprehensive gathering of his output occurred in 1994, when Document Records released St. Louis Barrelhouse Piano - 1929-34 : The Complete Recorded Works of <mask>, Henry Brown & Associates on compact disc. The collection included all six tracks from Smith, Peeples and <mask>, plus Sylvester Palmer's four sides. Both of <mask>'s solo tracks were issued as part of the quadruple CD compilation album, The Paramount Masters (JSP Records, 2004). Discography

Bibliography
 (includes four compact discs of audio recordings)

References

External links
"No.29" on YouTube
"Fanny Lee Blues" on YouTube

Year of birth missing
Place of birth missing
Year of death missing
Place of death missing
American blues pianists
American male pianists
Boogie-woogie pianists
Blues musicians from Arkansas
Musicians from St. Louis
St. Louis blues musicians
Paramount Records artists
20th-century American pianists
People from Alton, Illinois
20th-century American male

masks:
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wesley Wallace
Wallace
Wesley Wallace
Wallace
Wallace


title: Danny Nelson

texts:
<mask> (born May 3, 1975 in Simi Valley, California, U.S.) was an American professional "Mid & Current School" Bicycle Motocross (BMX) racer whose prime competitive years are from 1993 to 2003. His nickname is "Thunder". Racing career milestones

Note: Professional first are on the national level unless otherwise indicated. Started racing: In 1981 at six years of age at the Teen Center in Van Nuys, California. He was riding with older kids one day and since they appreciated his talent of being "the wheelie king" of the neighborhood at such a young age they suggested he try racing. Sanctioning body:

Home sanctioning body district(s): American Bicycle Association (ABA) California District 20 (CA-20) (1985); United States Bicycle Motocross Association (USBA) CA-2 (1986)

First race result: <mask> does not recall how well he did overall but he was leading his first moto but went back up the starting hill which was parallel to the straight. He simply did it automatically and without thinking since it was accidentally ingrained into him during the practice sessions previous to the race to avoid the ride back to the starting hill that would be necessary if he ran the entire track in practice.First win (local):

First sponsor: Robinson Racing 1981. First national win:

Turned Professional: December 1992 age 17. First Professional race result:

First Professional win:

First Junior Pro* race result:

First Junior Pro win:

First Senior Pro** race result:

First Senior Pro win:

Retired: October

masks:
Daniel Lee Nelson
Nelson


title: Danny Nelson

texts:
 2003, just after the NBL Grandnationals. to devote himself to a new business he was partnered in. he made his formal announcement in a speech to the spectators to the ABA Fall Nationals in Del Mar, California on October 26, 2003 stating it was time to move on. Height & weight at height of her career: Ht:6'4" Wt:200 lbs. *In the NBL "B" Pro/Super Class/"A" Pro/Junior Elite Men depending on the era; in the ABA it is "A" Pro.**In the NBL it is "AA" Pro/Elite Men; in the ABA it is "AA" Pro. Career factory and major bike shop sponsors

Note: This listing only denotes the racer's primary sponsors. At any given time a racer could have numerous co-sponsors. Primary sponsorships can be verified by BMX press coverage and sponsor's advertisements at the time in question. When possible exact dates are given. Amateur
Robinson Racing: 1981-Early November 1983
GT (Gary Turner) Racing: Early November 1983-December 1986
Robinson Racing: January 1987-November 1991
GT Bicycles: November 1991-December 1992. GT underwent a minor name change since his first term with GT.Powerlite Industries: December 1992-December 2000. <mask> will turn pro with this sponsor. Professional
Powerlite Industries: December 1992-December 2000
Hot Wheels/GT Bicycles/Troy Lee Designs: December 2000-October 2001
Troy Lee Designs: October 2001-Mid December 2001. Troy Lee became Nelson's primary sponsor between GT and Giant. Giant/Troy Lee: Late December 2001-October 2003. After the NBL Grand Nationals just before Giant Bicycles dropped


title: Danny Nelson

texts:
 (USBA)
None
International Bicycle Motocross Federation (IBMXF)*
1982 7 Expert Grand Prix of BMX Champion
Fédération Internationale Amateur de Cyclisme (FIAC)*

Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI)*
None

*See note in professional section.Other Titles:

1983 9 Expert Jag World Champion (Non sanctioned)

Professional

National Bicycle Association (NBA)
None
National Bicycle League (NBL)
1994 All Pro Grandnational Champion
1999 National No.1 Pro
American Bicycle Association (ABA)
2002 "AA" Pro Grandnational Champion
2002 National No.1 Pro
United States Bicycle Motocross Association (USBA)
None (defunct)
International Bicycle Motocross Federation (IBMXF)*
None
Fédération Internationale Amateur de Cyclisme (FIAC)*
None
Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI)*
1994 Superclass 20" World Champion. *Note: Beginning in 1991 the IBMXF and FIAC, the amateur cycling arm of the UCI, had been holding joint World Championship events as a transitional phase in merging which began in earnest in 1993. Beginning with the 1996 season the IBMXF and FIAC completed the merger and both ceased to exist as independent entities being integrated into the UCI. Beginning with the 1996 World Championships held in Brighton, England the UCI would officially hold and sanction BMX World Championships and with it inherited all precedents, records, streaks, etc. from both the IBMXF and FIAC. Pro Series Championships

BMX product lines
Robinson "<mask> Jr. Pro" Mini 20" bicycle introduced 1982.Product Evaluations:

Notable


title: Danny Nelson

texts:
 accolades
He is an ABA BMXer magazine 1993 Golden Crank Pro Rookie of the Year winner. He is a winner of the 1999 VISA/USAC Athletes of the Year Award. He also received US$1,000 in prize money. Significant injuries
Suffered a knee injury high jumping at school in approximately May 1985. Injury side lined him until the ABA Grand Nationals in November 1985. Had post season knee surgery in December 1990. Inflamed knee in late summer of 1992.Missed the ABA Midwest nationals but was back by the next ABA national. Pulled his groin in the Summer of 1999. He was laid up for one race, coming back for the ABA Mile High Nationals. Racing habits and traits

Miscellaneous

Post BMX career
<mask> retired immediately after the 2003 NBL Grandnationals ending his 23-year career to pursue a business opportunity of being a partner in a thrift store. His workload of helping to run this new business and racing was impacting both his opportunity with the business and racing. As he said at the time in an interview that was printed in the February 2004 issue of Transworld BMX:

The full, illustrated website version of the interview, originally posted on January 8, 2004, can be seen here. BMX and general press magazine interviews and articles
"Around the States in 48 days" BMX Action December 1987 Vol.12 No.12 pg.58 Mini interview conducted along with teammates "Chicken" George Severs and Robert Swick also interviewed while the GT Racing team was on tour during the summer of 1987."The Quiet Sound of Thunder..."


title: Danny Nelson

texts:
 Snap BMX Magazine July/August 1997 Vol.4 No.4 Iss.17 pg.53
"<mask>: Heavy Thunder and New Reign" Snap BMX Magazine January 2000 Vol.7 Iss.1 No.39 pg.78
"Thunder Rolls Out" Transworld BMX February 2004 Vol.11 Iss.2 No.88 pg.17 Brief article on reason for <mask>'s retirement. BMX magazine covers

Note: (defunct) denotes that the magazine was out of business before the career of the racer started. Bicycle Motocross News:
None (defunct)
Minicycle/BMX Action & Super BMX:
None
Bicycle Motocross Action & Go:
February 1991 Vol.2 Iss.4 in center in with freestyler Todd Lyons in the left insert and freestyler Ron Wilkerson in the right insert. (Go)
BMX Plus! :
December 1993 Vol.16 No.12 (51) ahead of Steve Veltman. In insert freestyler Dave Mirra. June 1998 Vol.21 No.6 (6) with Kiyomi Waller (18).Total BMX:

Bicycles and Dirt:
None
Snap BMX Magazine & Transworld BMX:
Snap BMX Magazine May/June 1996 Vol.3 Iss.3 No.10 Launching of the starting gate with Mike King (25) directly to his left. To his right is Six unidentified racers. Waiting his turn on the starting gate directly behind Mike King is Greg Romero (6). Snap BMX Magazine May 2000 Vol.7 Iss.5 No.43 (1) slightly behind Matt Pohlkamp (7) and Eric Abbadessa (9). In top insert Brian Foster. Twenty BMX:

Moto Mag:
None
BMX World:

NBA World & NBmxA World (The official NBA/NBmxA publication):

Bicycles Today & BMX Today (The official NBL publication; one name change):
June 1983 (BToday)
ABA Action, American BMXer, BMXer (Three incarnations of the

masks:
Danny Nelson
Nelson


title: Neil Young

texts: <mask>  (born November 12, 1945) is a Canadian-American singer, musician and songwriter. After embarking on a music career in Winnipeg in the 1960s, <mask> moved to Los Angeles, joining Buffalo Springfield with Stephen Stills, Richie Furay and others. Since the beginning of his solo career with his backing band Crazy Horse, <mask> has released many critically acclaimed and important albums, such as Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, After the Gold Rush,  Harvest, On the Beach and Rust Never Sleeps. He was a part-time member of Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. <mask> has received several Grammy and Juno Awards. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted him twice: in 1995 as a solo artist and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield. In 2000, Rolling Stone named <mask>  No.34 on their list of the 100 greatest musical artists. According to Acclaimed Music, he is the seventh most celebrated artist in popular music history. His guitar work, deeply personal lyrics and signature high tenor singing voice define his long career. He also plays piano and harmonica on many albums, which frequently combine folk, rock, country and other musical genres. His often distorted electric guitar playing, especially with Crazy Horse, earned him the nickname "Godfather of Grunge" and led to his 1995 album Mirror Ball with Pearl Jam. More recently he has been backed by Promise of the Real. 21 of his albums and singles have been certified Gold and Platinum in U.S by RIAA certification.<mask> directed (or co-directed) films using the pseudonym "Bernard Shakey", including Journey Through the Past (1973), Rust Never Sleeps (1979), Human Highway (1982), Greendale (2003), and CSNY/Déjà Vu (2008). He

masks:
Neil Perval Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young


title: Neil Young

texts:
 also contributed to the soundtracks of the films  Philadelphia (1993) and Dead Man (1995). <mask> has lived in California since the 1960s but retains Canadian citizenship. He was awarded the Order of Manitoba in 2006 and was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2009. He became a United States citizen, taking dual citizenship, in 2020. Early life (1945–1963)
<mask> was born on November 12, 1945, in Toronto, Canada. His father, Scott Alexander <mask> (1918–2005), was a journalist and sportswriter who also wrote fiction.His mother, Edna Blow Ragland "Rassy" <mask> (1918–1990) was a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Although Canadian, his mother had American and French ancestry. <mask>'s parents married in 1940 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and moved to Toronto shortly thereafter where their first son, Robert "Bob" <mask>, was born in 1942. Shortly after <mask>'s birth in 1945, the family moved to rural Omemee, Ontario, which <mask> later described fondly as a "sleepy little place". <mask> contracted polio in the late summer of 1951 during the last major outbreak of the disease in Ontario, and as a result became partially paralyzed on his left side. After the conclusion of his hospitalization, the <mask> family wintered in Florida, whose milder weather they believed would help <mask>'s convalescence. During that period, <mask> briefly attended Faulkner Elementary School in New Smyrna Beach, Florida.In 1952, upon returning to Canada, <mask> moved from Omemee to Pickering (1956), lived for a year in Winnipeg (where he would later return), before relocating to Toronto (1957–1960). While in Toronto, <mask> briefly attended Lawrence Park Collegiate Institute

masks:
Young
Neil Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Neil
Young
Young
Young


title: Neil Young

texts:
 as a freshman in 1959. It is rumored that he was expelled for riding a motorcycle down the hall of the school. <mask> became interested in popular music he heard on the radio. When <mask> was twelve, his father, who had had several extramarital affairs, left his mother. His mother asked for a divorce, which was granted in 1960. <mask> went to live with his mother, who had moved back to Winnipeg, while his brother Bob stayed with his father in Toronto.During the mid-1950s, <mask> listened to rock 'n roll, rockabilly, doo-wop, R&B, country, and western pop. He idolized Elvis Presley and later referred to him in a number of his songs. Other early musical influences included Link Wray, Lonnie Mack, Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs, The Ventures, Cliff Richard and the Shadows, Chuck Berry, Hank Marvin, Little Richard, Fats Domino, The Chantels, The Monotones, Ronnie Self, the Fleetwoods, Jerry Lee Lewis, Johnny Cash, Roy Orbison and Gogi Grant. <mask> began to play music himself on a plastic ukulele, before, as he would later relate, going on to "a better ukulele to a banjo ukulele to a baritone ukulele – everything but a guitar." Career

Early career (1963–1966)

<mask> and his mother settled into the working-class area of Fort Rouge, Winnipeg, where he enrolled at Earl Grey Junior High School. It was there that he formed his first band, the Jades, and met Ken Koblun. While attending Kelvin High School in Winnipeg, he played in several instrumental rock bands, eventually dropping out of school in favor of a musical career.<mask>'s first stable band was The Squires, with Ken Koblun, Jeff Wuckert and Bill Edmondson on drums, who had a local hit called "The Sultan". Over a

masks: Young Young Young Young Young Young Young


title: Neil Young

texts: three-year period the band played hundreds of shows at community centers, dance halls, clubs and schools in Winnipeg and other parts of Manitoba. The band also played in Fort William (now part of the city of Thunder Bay, Ontario), where they recorded a series of demos produced by a local producer, Ray Dee, whom <mask> called "the original Briggs". While playing at The Flamingo, <mask> met Stephen Stills, whose band The Company was playing the same venue, and they became friends. The Squires primarily performed in Winnipeg and rural Manitoba in towns such as Selkirk, Neepawa, Brandon and Giroux (near Steinbach), with a few shows in northern Ontario. After leaving The Squires, <mask> worked folk clubs in Winnipeg, where he first met Joni Mitchell. Mitchell recalls <mask> as having been highly influenced by Bob Dylan at the time.Here he wrote some of his earliest and most enduring folk songs such as "Sugar Mountain", about lost youth. Mitchell wrote "The Circle Game" in response. The Winnipeg band The Guess Who (with Randy Bachman as lead guitarist) had a Canadian Top 40 hit with <mask>'s "Flying on the Ground is Wrong", which was <mask>'s first major success as a songwriter. In 1965, <mask> toured Canada as a solo artist. In 1966, while in Toronto, he joined the Rick James-fronted Mynah Birds. The band managed to secure a record deal with the Motown label, but as their first album was being recorded, James was arrested for being AWOL from the Navy Reserve. After the Mynah Birds disbanded, <mask> and the bass player Bruce Palmer decided to pawn the group's musical equipment and buy a Pontiac hearse, which they used to relocate to Los Angeles.<mask> admitted in a 2009

masks: Young Young Young Young Young Young Young Young Young


title: Neil Young

texts:
 interview that he was in the United States illegally until he received a "green card" (permanent residency permit) in 1970. Buffalo Springfield (1966–1968)

Once they reached Los Angeles, <mask> and Palmer met up with Stephen Stills and Richie Furay after a chance encounter in traffic on Sunset Boulevard. Along with Dewey Martin, they formed Buffalo Springfield. A mixture of folk, country, psychedelia, and rock, lent a hard edge by the twin lead guitars of Stills and <mask>, made Buffalo Springfield a critical success, and their first record Buffalo Springfield (1966) sold well after Stills' topical song "For What It's Worth" became a hit, aided by <mask>'s melodic harmonics played on electric guitar. According to Rolling Stone, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and other sources, Buffalo Springfield helped create the genres of folk rock and country rock. Distrust of their management, as well as the arrest and deportation of Palmer, worsened the already strained relations among the group members and led to Buffalo Springfield's demise. A second album, Buffalo Springfield Again, was released in late 1967, but two of <mask>'s three contributions were solo tracks recorded apart from the rest of the group.From that album, "Mr. Soul" was the only <mask> song of the three that all five members of the group performed together. "Broken Arrow" features snippets of sound from other sources, including opening the song with a soundbite of Dewey Martin singing "Mr. Soul" and closing it with the thumping of a heartbeat. "Expecting to Fly" featured a string arrangement that <mask>'s co-producer for the track, Jack Nitzsche, dubbed "symphonic pop". In May 1968, the band split up for

masks: Young Young Young Young Young Young


title: Neil Young

texts:
 good, but to fulfill a contractual obligation, a final studio album, Last Time Around, was released. The album was primarily composed of recordings made earlier that year.<mask> contributed the songs "On the Way Home" and "I Am a Child", singing lead on the latter. In 1997, the band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame; <mask> did not appear at the ceremony. The three surviving members, Furay, Stills, and <mask>, appeared together as Buffalo Springfield at <mask>'s annual Bridge School Benefit on October 23–24, 2010, and at Bonnaroo in the summer of 2011. <mask> played as a studio session guitarist for some 1968 recordings by The Monkees which appeared on the Head and Instant Replay albums. <mask> had known Monkee Mike Nesmith since their folk shows at The Troubadour in 1965. Going solo, Crazy Horse (1968–1969)

After the breakup of Buffalo Springfield, <mask> signed a solo deal with Reprise Records, home of his colleague and friend Joni Mitchell, with whom he shared a manager, Elliot Roberts. Roberts managed <mask> until his death in 2019.<mask> and Roberts immediately began work on <mask>'s first solo record, <mask> (January 22, 1969), which received mixed reviews. In a 1970 interview, <mask> deprecated the album as being "overdubbed rather than played." The album contains songs that remain a staple of his live shows, including "The Loner." For his next album, <mask> recruited three musicians from a band called the Rockets: Danny Whitten on guitar, Billy Talbot on bass guitar, and Ralph Molina on drums. These three took the name Crazy Horse (after the historical figure of the same name), and Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere (May 1969) is credited to

masks:
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Neil Young
Young
Young


title: Neil Young

texts:
 "<mask> with Crazy Horse." Recorded in just two weeks, the album includes "Cinnamon Girl", "Cowgirl in the Sand", and "Down by the River." <mask> reportedly wrote all three songs in bed on the same day while nursing a high fever of .Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young (1969–1970)

Shortly after the release of Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere, <mask> reunited with Stephen Stills by joining Crosby, Stills & Nash, who had already released one album Crosby, Stills & Nash as a trio in May 1969. <mask> was originally offered a position as a sideman, but agreed to join only if he received full membership, and the group – winners of the 1969 Best New Artist Grammy Award – was renamed Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young. The quartet debuted in Chicago on August 16, 1969, and later performed at the famous Woodstock Festival, during which <mask> skipped the majority of the acoustic set and refused to be filmed during the electric set, even telling the cameramen: "One of you fuckin' guys comes near me and I'm gonna fuckin' hit you with my guitar". During the making of their first album, Déjà Vu (March 11, 1970), the musicians frequently argued, particularly <mask> and Stills, who both fought for control. Stills continued throughout their lifelong relationship to criticize <mask>, saying that he "wanted to play folk music in a rock band." Despite the tension, <mask>'s tenure with CSNY coincided with the band's most creative and successful period, and greatly contributed to his subsequent success as a solo artist. <mask> wrote "Ohio" following the Kent State massacre on May 4, 1970.The song was quickly recorded by CSNY and immediately released as a single, even though CSNY's "Teach Your

masks:
Neil Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young
Young


title: Neil Young

texts:
 Children" was still climbing the singles charts. After the Gold Rush, acoustic tour and Harvest (1970–1972)
Later in the year, <mask> released his third solo album, After the Gold Rush (August 31, 1970), which featured, among others, Nils Lofgren, Stephen Stills, and CSNY bassist Greg Reeves. <mask> also recorded some tracks with Crazy Horse, but dismissed them early in the sessions. The eventual recording was less amplified than Everybody Knows This is Nowhere, with a wider range of sounds. <mask>'s newfound fame with CSNY made the album his commercial breakthrough as a solo artist, and it contains some of his best known work, including "Tell Me Why" and "Don't Let It Bring You Down"; the singles "Only Love Can Break Your Heart" and "When You Dance I Can Really Love"; and the title track, "After the Gold Rush", played on piano, with dreamlike lyrics that ran a gamut of subjects from drugs and interpersonal relationships to environmental concerns. <mask>'s bitter condemnation of racism in the heavy blues-rock song "Southern Man" (along with a later song entitled "Alabama") was also controversial with southerners in an era of desegregation, prompting Lynyrd Skynyrd to decry <mask> by name in the lyrics to their hit "Sweet Home Alabama." However, <mask> said he was a fan of Skynyrd's music, and the band's front man Ronnie Van Zant was later photographed wearing a Tonight's the Night T-shirt on the cover of an album.In the autumn of 1970, <mask> began a solo acoustic tour of North America, during which he played a variety of his Buffalo Springfield and CSNY songs on guitar and piano, along with material from his solo albums and a number of new songs. Some songs


title: Neil Young

texts: premiered by <mask> on the tour, like "Journey through the Past", would never find a home on a studio album, while other songs, like "See the Sky About to Rain", would only be released in coming years. With CSNY splitting up and Crazy Horse having signed their own record deal, <mask>'s tour, now entitled Journey Through the Past, continued into early 1971, and its focus shifted more to newer songs he had been writing; he famously remarked that having written so many, he could not think of anything to do but play them. Many gigs were sold out, including concerts at Carnegie Hall and a pair of acclaimed hometown shows at Toronto's Massey Hall, which were taped for a planned live album. The shows became legendary among <mask> fans, and the recordings were officially released nearly 40 years later as an official bootleg in <mask>'s Archive series. Near the end of his tour, <mask> performed one of the new acoustic songs on the Johnny Cash TV show. "The Needle and the Damage Done", a somber lament on the pain caused by heroin addiction, had been inspired in part by Crazy Horse member Danny Whitten, who eventually died while battling his drug problems.While in Nashville for the Cash taping, <mask> accepted the invitation of Quadrafonic Sound Studios owner Elliot Mazer to record tracks there with a group of country-music session musicians who were pulled together at the last minute. Making a connection with them, he christened them The Stray Gators, and began playing with them. Befitting the immediacy of the project, Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor were brought in from the Cash taping to do background vocals. Against the advice of his producer David Briggs, he scrapped plans


title: Neil Young

texts: for the imminent release of the live acoustic recording in favor of a studio album consisting of the Nashville sessions, electric-guitar oriented sessions recorded later in his barn, and two recordings made with the London Symphony Orchestra at Barking (credited as Barking Town Hall and now the Broadway Theatre) during March 1971. The result was <mask>'s fourth album, Harvest (February 14, 1972), which was also the best selling album of 1972 in the US. The only remnant left of the original live concept was the album's live acoustic performance of "Needle and the Damage Done." After his success with CSNY, <mask> purchased a ranch in the rural hills above Woodside and Redwood City in Northern California ("Broken Arrow Ranch", where he lived until his divorce in 2014).He wrote the song "Old Man" in honor of the land's longtime caretaker, Louis Avila. The song "A Man Needs a Maid" was inspired by his relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. "Heart of Gold" was released as the first single from Harvest, the only No. 1 hit in his career. "Old Man" was also popular, reaching No. 31 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, marking <mask>'s third and final appearance in the chart's Top 40 as a solo artist. The album's recording had been almost accidental.Its mainstream success caught <mask> off guard, and his first instinct was to back away from stardom. In the Decade (1977) compilation, <mask> chose to include his greatest hits from the period, but his handwritten liner notes famously described "Heart of Gold" as the song that "put me in the middle of the road. Traveling there soon became a bore, so I headed for the ditch. A rougher ride but I saw more interesting people there."

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 The "Ditch" Trilogy and personal struggles (1972–1974)
Although a new tour with The Stray Gators (now augmented by Danny Whitten) had been planned to follow up on the success of Harvest, it became apparent during rehearsals that Whitten could not function due to drug abuse. On November 18, 1972, shortly after he was fired from the tour preparations, Whitten was found dead of an apparent alcohol/diazepam overdose. <mask> described the incident to Rolling Stones Cameron Crowe in 1975: "[We] were rehearsing with him and he just couldn't cut it.He couldn't remember anything. He was too out of it. Too far gone. I had to tell him to go back to L.A. 'It's not happening, man. You're not together enough.' He just said, 'I've got nowhere else to go, man. How am I gonna tell my friends?'And he split. That night the coroner called me from L.A. and told me he'd OD'd. That blew my mind. I loved Danny. I felt responsible. And from there, I had to go right out on this huge tour of huge arenas. I was very nervous and ...insecure." On the tour, <mask> struggled with his voice and the performance of drummer Kenny Buttrey, a noted Nashville session musician who was unaccustomed to performing in the hard rock milieu; Buttrey was eventually replaced by former CSNY drummer Johnny Barbata, while David Crosby and Graham Nash contributed rhythm guitar and backing vocals to the final dates of the tour. The album assembled in the aftermath of this incident, Time Fades Away (October 15, 1973), has often been described by <mask> as "[his] least favorite record", and was not officially released on CD until 2017 (as part of <mask>'s Official Release Series). Nevertheless, <mask> and his band tried


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texts: several new musical approaches in this period. Time Fades Away, for instance, was recorded live, although it was an album of new material, an approach <mask> would repeat with more success later on. Time was the first of three consecutive commercial failures which would later become known collectively to fans as the "Ditch Trilogy", as contrasted with the more middle-of-the-road pop of Harvest. These subsequent albums were seen as more challenging expressions of <mask>'s inner conflicts on achieving success, expressing both the specific struggles of his friends and himself, and the decaying idealism of his generation in America at the time.In the second half of 1973, <mask> formed The Santa Monica Flyers, with Crazy Horse's rhythm section augmented by Nils Lofgren on guitar and piano and Harvest/Time Fades Away veteran Ben Keith on pedal steel guitar. Deeply affected by the drug-induced deaths of Whitten and roadie Bruce Berry, <mask> recorded an album specifically inspired by the incidents, Tonight's the Night (June 20, 1975). The album's dark tone and rawness led Reprise to delay its release and <mask> had to pressure them for two years before they would do so. While his record company was stalling, <mask> recorded another album, On the Beach (July 16, 1974), which presented a more melodic, acoustic sound at times, including a recording of the older song "See the Sky About to Rain", but dealt with similarly dark themes such as the collapse of 1960s folk ideals, the downside of success and the underbelly of the Californian lifestyle. Like Time Fades Away, it sold poorly but eventually became a critical favorite, presenting some of <mask>'s most original work. A


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 review of the 2003 re-release on CD of On the Beach described the music as "mesmerizing, harrowing, lucid, and bleary". After completing On the Beach, <mask> reunited with Harvest producer Elliot Mazer to record another acoustic album, Homegrown.Most of the songs were written after <mask>'s breakup with Carrie Snodgress, and thus the tone of the album was somewhat dark. Though Homegrown was reportedly entirely complete, <mask> decided, not for the first or last time in his career, to drop it and release something else instead, in this case, Tonight's the Night, at the suggestion of Band bassist Rick Danko. <mask> further explained his move by saying: "It was a little too personal ... it scared me". Most of the songs from Homegrown were later incorporated into other <mask> albums while the original album was not released until 2020. Tonight's the Night, when finally released in 1975, sold poorly, as had the previous albums of the "ditch" trilogy, and received mixed reviews at the time, but is now regarded as a landmark album. In <mask>'s own opinion, it was the closest he ever came to art. Reunions, retrospectives and Rust Never Sleeps (1974–1979)
<mask> reunited with Crosby, Stills, and Nash after a four-year hiatus in the summer of 1974 for a concert tour which was partially recorded; highlights were ultimately released in 2014 as CSNY 1974.It was one of the first ever stadium tours, and the largest tour in which <mask> has participated to date. In 1975, <mask> reformed Crazy Horse with Frank Sampedro on guitar as his backup band for his eighth album, Zuma (November 10, 1975). Many of the songs dealt with the theme of failed relationships; "Cortez the Killer", a


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texts: retelling of the Spanish conquest of Mexico from the viewpoint of the Aztecs, may also be heard as an allegory of love lost. Zumas closing track, "Through My Sails", was the only released fragment from aborted sessions with Crosby, Stills and Nash for another group album. In 1976, <mask> reunited with Stephen Stills for the album Long May You Run (September 20, 1976), credited to The Stills-Young Band; the follow-up tour was ended midway through by <mask>, who sent Stills a telegram that read: "Funny how some things that start spontaneously end that way. Eat a peach, <mask>." In 1976, <mask> performed with Bob Dylan, Joni Mitchell, and numerous other rock musicians in the high-profile all-star concert The Last Waltz, the final performance by The Band.The release of Martin Scorsese's movie of the concert was delayed while Scorsese unwillingly re-edited it to obscure the lump of cocaine that was clearly visible hanging from <mask>'s nose during his performance of "Helpless". American Stars 'n Bars (June 13, 1977) contained two songs originally recorded for the Homegrown album, "Homegrown" and "Star of Bethlehem", as well as newer material, including the future concert staple "Like a Hurricane". Performers on the record included Linda Ronstadt, Emmylou Harris and <mask> protégé Nicolette Larson along with Crazy Horse. In 1977, <mask> also released the compilation Decade, a personally selected set of songs spanning every aspect of his work, including a handful of previously unreleased songs. The record included less commercial album tracks alongside radio hits. Comes a Time (October 2, 1978), <mask>'s first entirely new solo recording since the mid-1970s, marked a return

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texts: to the commercially accessible, Nashville-inspired sound of Harvest while also featuring contributions from Larson and Crazy Horse. The album also marked a return to his folk roots, as exemplified by a cover of Ian Tyson's "Four Strong Winds", a song <mask> associated with his childhood in Canada.Another of the album's songs, "Lotta Love", was also recorded by Larson, with her version reaching No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 in February 1979. In 1978, much of the filming was done for <mask>'s film Human Highway, which took its name from a song featured on Comes a Time. Over four years, <mask> would spend US$3,000,000 of his own money on production (US$ in  dollars). This also marked the beginning of his brief collaboration with the art punk band Devo, whose members appeared in the film. <mask> set out in 1978 on the lengthy Rust Never Sleeps tour, in which he played a wealth of new material. Each concert was divided into a solo acoustic set and an electric set with Crazy Horse.The electric sets, featuring an abrasive style of playing, were influenced by the punk rock zeitgeist of the late 1970s and provided a stark contrast from Comes a Time. Two new songs, the acoustic "My My, Hey Hey (Out of the Blue)" and electric "Hey Hey, My My (Into the Black)" were the centerpiece of the new material. During the filming of Human Highway, <mask> had collaborated with Devo on a cacophonous version of "Hey Hey, My My" at the Different Fur studio in San Francisco and would later introduce the song to Crazy Horse. The lyric "It's better to burn out than to fade away" was widely quoted by his peers and by critics. The album has also widely been considered a precursor of grunge music


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texts: and many grunge artists have said they were inspired by <mask>'s distorted guitars on the B side to this album. <mask> also compared the rise of Johnny Rotten with that of the recently deceased "King" Elvis Presley, who himself had once been disparaged as a dangerous influence only to later become an icon. Rotten returned the favor by playing one of <mask>'s songs, "Revolution Blues" from On the Beach, on a London radio show, an early sign of <mask>'s eventual embrace by a number of punk-influenced alternative musicians.<mask>'s two accompanying albums Rust Never Sleeps (July 2, 1979; new material culled from live recordings, but featuring studio overdubs) and Live Rust (November 19, 1979; a genuine concert recording featuring old and new material) captured the two sides of the concerts, with solo acoustic songs on side A, and fierce, uptempo, electric songs on side B. A movie version of the concerts, also called Rust Never Sleeps (1979), was directed by <mask> under the pseudonym "Bernard Shakey". <mask> worked with rock artist Jim Evans to create the poster art for the film, using the Star Wars Jawas as a theme. <mask>'s work since Harvest had alternated between being rejected by mass audiences and being seen as backward-looking by critics, sometimes both at once, and now he was suddenly viewed as relevant by a new generation, who began to discover his earlier work. Readers and critics of Rolling Stone voted him Artist of the Year for 1979 (along with The Who), selected Rust Never Sleeps as Album of the Year, and voted him Male Vocalist of the Year as well. The Village Voice named Rust Never Sleeps as the year's second best album in the Pazz & Jop Poll, a survey of

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 nationwide critics, and honored <mask> as the Artist of the Decade. The Warner Music Vision release on VHS of Rust Never Sleeps in 1987 had a running time of 116 minutes, and although fully manufactured in Germany, was initially imported from there by the markets throughout Europe.Experimental years (1980–1988)
At the start of the 1980s, distracted by medical concerns relating to the cerebral palsy of his son, Ben, <mask> had little time to spend on writing and recording. After providing the incidental music to the 1980 film Where the Buffalo Roam, <mask> released Hawks & Doves (November 3, 1980), a short record pieced together from sessions going back to 1974. Re·ac·tor (1981), an electric album recorded with Crazy Horse, also included material from the 1970s. <mask> did not tour in support of either album; in total, he played only one show, a set at the 1980 Bread and Roses Festival in Berkeley, between the end of his 1978 tour with Crazy Horse and the start of his tour with the Trans Band in mid-1982. The 1982 album Trans, which incorporated vocoders, synthesizers, and electronic beats, was <mask>'s first for the new label Geffen Records (distributed at the time by Warner Bros. Records, whose parent Warner Music Group owns most of <mask>'s solo and band catalog) and represented a distinct stylistic departure. <mask> later revealed that an inspiration for the album was the theme of technology and communication with Ben, who could not speak. An extensive tour preceded the release of the album, and was documented by the video <mask> in Berlin, which saw release in 1986.MTV played the video for "Sample and Hold" in light rotation. <mask>'s next album, 1983's

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texts: Everybody's Rockin', included several rockabilly covers and clocked in at less than 25 minutes in length. <mask> was backed by the Shocking Pinks for the supporting US tour. Trans (1982) had already drawn the ire of label head David Geffen for its lack of commercial appeal, and with Everybody's Rockin following seven months later, Geffen Records sued <mask> for making music "unrepresentative" of himself. The album was also notable as the first for which <mask> made commercial music videos – Tim Pope directed the videos for "Wonderin'" and "Cry, Cry, Cry". Also premiered in 1983, though little seen, was the long-gestating Human Highway. Co-directed and co-written by <mask>, the eclectic comedy starred <mask>, Dean Stockwell, Russ Tamblyn, Dennis Hopper, David Blue, Sally Kirkland, Charlotte Stewart and members of Devo.<mask> did not release an album in 1984, his first unproductive year since beginning his career with Buffalo Springfield in 1966. <mask>'s lack of productivity was largely due to the ongoing legal battle with Geffen, although he was also frustrated that the label had rejected his 1982 country album Old Ways. It was also the year when <mask>'s third child was born, a girl named Amber Jean, who was later diagnosed with inherited epilepsy. <mask> spent most of 1984 and all of 1985 touring for Old Ways (August 12, 1985) with his country band, the International Harvesters. The album was finally released in an altered form midway through 1985. <mask> also appeared at that year's Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, collaborating with Crosby, Stills and Nash for the quartet's first performance for a paying audience in over ten years. <mask>'s last two albums for

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texts: Geffen were more conventional in the genre, although they incorporated production techniques like synthesizers and echoing drums that were previously uncommon in <mask>'s music.<mask> recorded 1986's Landing on Water without Crazy Horse but reunited with the band for the subsequent year-long tour and final Geffen album, Life, which emerged in 1987. <mask>'s album sales dwindled steadily throughout the eighties; today Life remains his all-time-least successful studio album, with an estimated four hundred thousand sales worldwide. Switching back to his old label Reprise Records, <mask> continued to tour relentlessly, assembling a new blues band called The Bluenotes in mid-1987 (a legal dispute with musician Harold Melvin forced the eventual rechristening of the band as Ten Men Working midway through the tour). The addition of a brass section provided a new jazzier sound, and the title track of 1988's This Note's For You became <mask>'s first hit single of the decade. Accompanied by a video that parodied corporate rock, the pretensions of advertising, and Michael Jackson, the song was initially unofficially banned by MTV for mentioning the brand names of some of their sponsors. <mask> wrote an open letter, "What does the M in MTV stand for: music or money?" Despite this, the video was eventually named best video of the year by the network in 1989.<mask> reunited with Crosby, Stills, and Nash to record the 1988 album American Dream and play two benefit concerts late in the year, but the group did not embark upon a full tour. <mask> attracted criticism from liberals in the music industry when he supported President Ronald Reagan, and said: "I'm tired of people constantly


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 apologising for being Americans." In a 1985 interview with Melody Maker, he said about the AIDS pandemic: “You go to a supermarket and you see a faggot behind the fuckin' cash register, you don't want him to handle your potatoes." Rolling Stone wrote in 2013 that "<mask> almost certainly regrets that horrific statement and quickly moved away from right-wing politics". In the same interview, <mask> also complained about welfare beneficiaries, saying: "Stop being supported by the government and get out and work. You have to make the weak stand up on one leg, or half a leg, whatever they've got." Return to prominence (1989–1999)

<mask>'s 1989 single "Rockin' in the Free World", which hit No.2 on the US mainstream-rock charts, and accompanying the album, Freedom, returned <mask> to the popular consciousness after a decade of sometimes-difficult genre experiments. The album's lyrics were often overtly political; "Rockin' in the Free World" deals with homelessness, terrorism, and environmental degradation, implicitly criticizing the government policies of President George H.W. Bush. The use of heavy feedback and distortion on several Freedom tracks was reminiscent of the Rust Never Sleeps (1979) album and foreshadowed the imminent rise of grunge. The rising stars of the subgenre, including Nirvana's Kurt Cobain and Pearl Jam's Eddie Vedder, frequently cited <mask> as a major influence, contributing to his popular revival. A tribute album called The Bridge: A Tribute to <mask> was released in 1989, featuring covers by a range of alternative and grunge acts, including Sonic Youth, Nick Cave, Soul Asylum, Dinosaur Jr, and the Pixies. <mask>'s 1990 album Ragged Glory,

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texts: recorded with Crazy Horse in a barn on his Northern California ranch, continued this distortion-heavy aesthetic.<mask> toured for the album with Orange County, California country-punk band Social Distortion and Sonic Youth as support, much to the consternation of many of his old fans. Weld, a two-disc live album documenting the tour, was released in 1991. Sonic Youth's influence was evident on Arc, a 35-minute collage of feedback and distortion spliced together at the suggestion of Thurston Moore and originally packaged with some versions of Weld. 1992's Harvest Moon marked an abrupt return (prompted by <mask>'s hyperacusis in the aftermath of the Weld tour) to the country and folk-rock stylings of Harvest and reunited him with some of the musicians from that album, including the core members of the Stray Gators and singers Linda Ronstadt and James Taylor. The title track was a minor hit, and the record was well received by critics, winning the Juno Award for Album of the Year in 1994. <mask> also contributed to lifelong friend Randy Bachman's nostalgic 1992 tune "Prairie Town", and garnered a 1993 Academy Award nomination for his song "Philadelphia", from the soundtrack of the Jonathan Demme movie of the same name. An MTV Unplugged performance and album emerged in 1993.Later that year, <mask> collaborated with Booker T. and the M.G.s for a summer tour of Europe and North America, with Blues Traveler, Soundgarden, and Pearl Jam also on the bill. Some European shows ended with a rendition of "Rockin' in the Free World" played with Pearl Jam, foreshadowing their eventual full-scale collaboration two years later. In 1994, <mask> again collaborated with Crazy Horse for


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texts: Sleeps with Angels, a record whose dark, somber mood was influenced by Kurt Cobain's death earlier that year: the title track in particular dealt with Cobain's life and death, without mentioning him by name. Cobain had quoted <mask>'s lyric "It's better to burn out than fade away" (a line from "My My, Hey Hey") in his suicide note. <mask> had reportedly made repeated attempts to contact Cobain prior to his death. <mask> and Pearl Jam performed "Act of Love" at an abortion rights benefit along with Crazy Horse, and were present at a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame dinner, sparking interest in a collaboration between the two. Still enamored with the grunge scene, <mask> reconnected with Pearl Jam in 1995 for the live-in-the-studio album Mirror Ball and a tour of Europe with the band and producer Brendan O'Brien backing <mask>.1995 also marked <mask>'s induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, where he was inducted by Eddie Vedder. In 1995, <mask> and his manager Elliot Roberts founded a record label, Vapor Records. It has released recordings by Tegan and Sara, Spoon, Jonathan Richman, Vic Chesnutt, Everest, Pegi <mask>, Jets Overhead, and <mask> himself, among others. <mask>'s next collaborative partner was filmmaker Jim Jarmusch, who asked <mask> to compose a soundtrack to his 1995 black-and-white western film Dead Man. <mask>'s instrumental soundtrack was improvized while he watched the film alone in a studio. The death of longtime mentor, friend, and producer David Briggs in late 1995 prompted <mask>ch-directed concert film and live album of the tour, Year of the Horse, emerged in 1997.From 1996 to 1997 <mask> and Crazy Horse toured extensively throughout Europe and

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 North America, including a stint as part of the H.O.R.D.E. Festival's sixth annual tour. In 1998, <mask> renewed his collaboration with the rock band Phish, sharing the stage at the annual Farm Aid concert and then at <mask>'s Bridge School Benefit, where he joined headliners Phish for renditions of "Helpless" and "I Shall Be Released". Phish declined <mask>'s later invitation to be his backing band on his 1999 North American tour. The decade ended with the release in late 1999 of Looking Forward, another reunion with Crosby, Stills, and Nash. The subsequent tour of the United States and Canada with the reformed quartet earned US$42.1 million, making it the eighth largest grossing tour of 2000. Brush with death (2000s)

<mask> continued to release new material at a rapid pace through the first decade of the new millennium.The studio album Silver & Gold and live album Road Rock Vol. 1 were released in 2000 and were both accompanied by live concert films. His 2001 single "Let's Roll" was a tribute to the victims of the September 11 attacks, and the effective action taken by the passengers and crew on Flight 93 in particular. In 2003, <mask> released Greendale, a concept album recorded with Crazy Horse members Billy Talbot and Ralph Molina. The songs loosely revolved around the murder of a police officer in a small town in California and its effects on the town's inhabitants. Under the pseudonym "Bernard Shakey", <mask> directed an accompanying film of the same name, featuring actors lip-synching to the music from the album. He toured extensively with the Greendale material throughout 2003 and 2004, first with a solo, acoustic version in Europe, then with a full-cast

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 stage show in North America, Japan, and Australia.<mask> began using biodiesel on the 2004 Greendale tour, powering his trucks and tour buses with the fuel. "Our Greendale tour is now ozone friendly", he said. "I plan to continue to use this government approved and regulated fuel exclusively from now on to prove that it is possible to deliver the goods anywhere in North America without using foreign oil, while being environmentally responsible." In March 2005, while working on the Prairie Wind album in Nashville, <mask> was diagnosed with a brain aneurysm. He was treated successfully with a minimally invasive neuroradiological procedure, performed in a New York hospital on March 29, but two days afterwards he passed out on a New York street from bleeding from the femoral artery, which radiologists had used to access the aneurysm. The complication forced <mask> to cancel his scheduled appearance at the Juno Awards telecast in Winnipeg, but within months he was back on stage, appearing at the close of the Live 8 concert in Barrie, Ontario, on July 2. During the performance, he debuted a new song, a soft hymn called "When God Made Me".<mask>'s brush with death influenced Prairie Winds themes of retrospection and mortality. The album's live premiere in Nashville was recorded by filmmaker Jonathan Demme in the 2006 film <mask>: Heart of Gold. Activism, philanthropy and as a humanitarian
<mask>'s renewed activism manifested itself in the 2006 album Living with War, which like the much earlier song "Ohio", was recorded and released in less than a month as a direct result of current events. Most of the album's songs rebuked the Bush administration's policy of war by

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texts: examining its human costs to soldiers, their loved ones, and civilians, but <mask> also included a few songs on other themes and an outright protest song entitled "Let's Impeach the President", in which he asserted that Bush had lied to lead the country into war. While <mask> had never been a stranger to eco-friendly lyrics, themes of environmentalist spirituality and activism became increasingly prominent in his work throughout the 1990s and 2000s, especially on Greendale (2003) and Living with War (2006). The trend continued on 2007's Chrome Dreams II, with lyrics exploring <mask>'s personal eco-spirituality. <mask> remains on the board of directors of Farm Aid, an organization he co-founded with Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp in 1985.According to its website, it is the longest running concert benefit series in the US and it has raised $43 million since its first benefit concert in 1985. Each year, <mask> co-hosts and performs with well-known guest performers who include Dave Matthews and producers who include Evelyn Shriver and Mark Rothbaum, at the Farm Aid annual benefit concerts to raise funds and provide grants to family farms and prevent foreclosures, provide a crisis hotline, and create and promote home grown farm food in the United States. In 2008, <mask> revealed his latest project, the production of a hybrid-engine 1959 Lincoln called LincVolt. A new album loosely based on the Lincvolt project, Fork in the Road, was released on April 7, 2009. A Jonathan Demme concert film from a 2007 concert at the Tower Theater in Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, called the <mask> Trunk Show premiered on March 21, 2009, at the South by Southwest (SXSW) Film Conference and

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texts: Festival in Austin, Texas. It was featured at the Cannes Film Festival on May 17, 2009, and was released in the US on March 19, 2010, to critical acclaim. In 2009, <mask> headlined the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival, and Glastonbury Festival in Pilton, England, at Hard Rock Calling in London (where he was joined onstage by Paul McCartney for a rendition of "A Day in the Life") and, after years of unsuccessful booking attempts, the Isle of Wight Festival.<mask> has been a vocal opponent of the proposed Keystone XL oil pipeline, which would run from Alberta to Texas. When discussing the environmental impact on the oilsands of Fort McMurray, Alberta, <mask> asserted that the area now resembles the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the aftermath of the atomic bomb attack of World War II. <mask> has referred to issues surrounding the proposed use of oil pipelines as "scabs on our lives". In an effort to become more involved, <mask> has worked directly with the Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation to draw attention to this issue, performing benefit concerts and speaking publicly on the subject. In 2014, he played four shows in Canada dedicated to the Honor the Treaties movement, raising money for the Athabasca Chipewyan legal defense fund. In 2015, he and Willie Nelson held a festival in Neligh, Nebraska, called Harvest the Hope, raising awareness of the impact of oilsands and oil pipelines on Native Americans and family farmers. Both received honors from leaders of the Rosebud, Oglala Lakota, Ponca and Omaha nations, and were invested with sacred buffalo robes.<mask> participated in the Blue Dot Tour, which was organized and fronted by environmental activist David Suzuki,


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 and toured all 10 Canadian provinces alongside other Canadian artists including the Barenaked Ladies, Feist, and Robert Bateman. The intent of <mask>'s participation in this tour was to raise awareness of the environmental damage caused by the exploitation of oilsands. <mask> has argued that the amount of CO2 released as a byproduct of oilsand oil extraction is equivalent to the amount released by the total number of cars in Canada each day. <mask> has faced criticism by representatives from within the Canadian petroleum industry, who have argued that his statements are irresponsible. <mask>'s opposition to the construction of oil pipelines has influenced his music as well. His song, "Who's Going to Stand Up?" was written to protest this issue, and features the lyric "Ban fossil fuel and draw the line / Before we build one more pipeline".In addition to directly criticizing members of the oil industry, <mask> has also focused blame on the actions of the Canadian government for ignoring the environmental impacts of climate change. He referred to Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper as "an embarrassment to many Canadians ... [and] a very poor imitation of the George Bush administration in the United States". <mask> was also critical of Barack Obama's government for failing to uphold the promises made regarding environmental policies during his election campaign. <mask> recorded "A Rock Star Bucks a Coffee Shop" in response to Starbucks' possible involvement with Monsanto and use of genetically-modified food. The song was included on his concept album called The Monsanto Years. 2010s
On January 22, 2010, <mask> performed "Long May You Run" on the final episode of The


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texts: Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien. On the same night, he and Dave Matthews performed the Hank Williams song "Alone and Forsaken", for the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief charity telethon, in response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake.<mask> also performed "Long May You Run" at the closing ceremony of the 2010 Olympic winter games in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In May 2010, it was revealed <mask> had begun working on a new studio album produced by Daniel Lanois. This was announced by David Crosby, who said that the album "will be a very heartfelt record. I expect it will be a very special record." On May 18, 2010, <mask> embarked upon a North American solo tour to promote his then upcoming album, Le Noise, playing a mix of older songs and new material. Although billed as a solo acoustic tour, <mask> also played some songs on electric guitars, including Old Black. In September 2011, Jonathan Demme's third documentary film on the singer songwriter, <mask> Journeys, premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival.On January 22, 2012, the Master Class at the Slamdance Festival featured Coffee with <mask> & Jonathan Demme discussing their film Neil Young Journeys. <mask> said that he had been recording with Crazy Horse, completing one album and working on another. <mask> and Crazy Horse performed a version of the Beatles' "I Saw Her Standing There" for Paul McCartney's MusiCares Person of the Year dinner on February 10, 2012, in Hollywood. <mask> with Crazy Horse released the album Americana on June 5, 2012. It was <mask>'s first collaboration with Crazy Horse since the Greendale album and tour in 2003 and 2004. The record is a tribute to

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texts: unofficial national anthems that jumps from an uncensored version of "This Land Is Your Land" to "Clementine" and includes a version of "God Save the Queen", which <mask> grew up singing every day in school in Canada. Americana is <mask>'s first album composed entirely of cover songs.The album debuted at number four on the Billboard 200, making it <mask>'s highest-charting album in the US since Harvest. On June 5, 2012, American Songwriter also reported that <mask> and Crazy Horse would be launching their first tour in eight years in support of the album. On August 25, 2012, <mask> was mistakenly reported dead by NBCNews.com, the day when astronaut <mask> died. On September 25, 2012, <mask>'s autobiography Waging Heavy Peace: A Hippie Dream was released to critical and commercial acclaim. Reviewing the book for the New York Times, Janet Maslin reported that <mask> chose to write his memoirs in 2012 for two reasons: he needed to take a break from stage performances for health reasons but continue to generate income; and he feared the onset of dementia, considering his father's medical history and his own present condition. Maslin praised the book, describing it as frank but quirky and without pathos. In November 2013, <mask> performed at the annual fundraiser for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music.Following the Red Hot Chili Peppers, he played an acoustic set to a crowd who had paid a minimum of $2,000 a seat to attend the benefit in the famous Paramour Mansion overlooking downtown Los Angeles. <mask> released the album A Letter Home on April 19, 2014, through Jack White's record label, and his second memoir, entitled Special Deluxe, which was released on October

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texts: 14. He appeared with White on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon on May 12, 2014. The 2014 debut solo album by Chrissie Hynde, entitled Stockholm, featured <mask> on guitar on the track "Down the Wrong Way". <mask> released his thirty-fifth studio album, Storytone on November 4, 2014. The first song released from the album, "Who's Gonna Stand Up? ", was released in three different versions on September 25, 2014.Storytone was followed in 2015 by his concept album The Monsanto Years. The Monsanto Years is an album themed both in support of sustainable farming, and to protest the biotechnology company Monsanto. <mask> achieves this protest in a series of lyrical sentiments against genetically modified food production. He created this album in collaboration with Willie Nelson's sons, Lukas and Micah, and is also backed by Lukas's fellow band members from Promise of the Real. Additionally, <mask> released a film in tandem to the album, (also entitled The Monsanto Years), that documents the album's recording, and can be streamed online. In August 2019, The Guardian reported <mask>, among other environmental activists, was being spied on by the firm. In summer 2015, <mask> undertook a North America tour titled the Rebel Content Tour.The tour began on July 5, 2015, at the Summerfest in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and ended on July 24, 2015, at the Wayhome Festival in Oro-Medonte, Ontario. Lukas Nelson & Promise of the Real were special guests for the tour. In October 2016, <mask> performed at Desert Trip in Indio, California, and announced his thirty-seventh studio album, Peace Trail, recorded with drummer Jim Keltner and bass guitarist Paul Bushnell, which was released that

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title: Neil Young

texts: December. On September 8, 2017, <mask> released Hitchhiker, a studio LP recorded on August 11, 1976, at Indigo Studios in Malibu. The album features ten songs that <mask> recorded accompanied by acoustic guitar or piano. While different versions of most of the songs have been previously released, the new album will include two never-before-released songs: "Hawaii" and "Give Me Strength", which <mask> has occasionally performed live. On July 4, 2017, <mask> released the song "Children of Destiny" which would appear on his next album.On November 3, 2017, <mask> released "Already Great", a song from The Visitor, an album he recorded with Promise of the Real and released on December 1, 2017. On December 1, 2017, <mask> performed live in Omemee, Ontario, Canada, a town he had lived in as a child. On Record Store Day, April 21, 2018, Warner Records released a two-vinyl LP special edition of Roxy: Tonight's the Night Live, a double live album of a show that <mask> performed in September 1973 at the Roxy in West Hollywood, with the Santa Monica Flyers. The album is labeled as "Volume 05" in <mask>'s Performance Series. On October 19, 2018, <mask> released a live version of his song "Campaigner", an excerpt from a forthcoming archival live album titled Songs for Judy, which features solo performances recorded during a November 1976 tour with Crazy Horse. It will be the first release from his new label Shakey Pictures Records. In November 2018, shortly after his home had been destroyed by the California wildfire, <mask> criticized President Donald Trump's stance on climate change.In December 2018, <mask> criticized the promoters of a London show for selecting Barclays Bank as


title: Neil Young

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 a sponsor. <mask> objected to the bank's association with fossil fuels. <mask> explained that he was trying to rectify the situation by finding a different sponsor. <mask> was among hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire. On August 19, 2019, <mask> and Crazy Horse announced the forthcoming release later in August 2019 of the new song "Rainbow of Colors", the first single from the album Colorado, <mask>'s first new record with the band in seven years, since 2012's Psychedelic Pill. <mask>, multi-instrumentalist Nils Lofgren, bassist Billy Talbot and drummer Ralph Molina recorded the new album with <mask>'s co-producer, John Hanlon, in spring 2019. The 10 new songs are ranging from around 3 minutes to over 13 minutes.Colorado was released on October 25, 2019 on Reprise Records. On August 30, 2019, <mask> unveiled "Milky Way", the first song from Colorado, a love ballad he had performed several times at concerts – both solo acoustic and with Promise of the Real. 2020s
In February 2020, <mask> wrote an open letter to President Trump, calling him a "disgrace to my country". On August 4, 2020, <mask> filed a copyright infringement lawsuit against Trump's reelection campaign for the use of his music at campaign rallies. In April 2020, <mask> announced that he was working on a new archival album, Road of Plenty, comprising music made with Crazy Horse in 1986 and rehearsals for his 1989 Saturday Night Live appearance. On June 19, <mask> released a "lost" album, Homegrown. He recorded it in the mid-1970s following his breakup with Carrie Snodgress, but opted not to release it at the time, feeling it was too personal.In September, <mask>

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texts: released a live EP, The Times. <mask> shared the news via his video for his new song "Lookin' for a Leader", stating: "I invite the President to play this song at his next rally. A song about the feelings many of us have about America today." In January 2021, <mask> sold 50% of the rights to his back catalog to the British investment company Hipgnosis Songs Fund. The value was estimated to be at least $150 million. <mask> and Crazy Horse released a new album, Barn, on December 10, 2021. The first single, "Song of the Seasons", was released on October 15, followed by "Welcome Back" on December 3, along with a music video.A stand-alone will be released on Blu-ray and will be directed by Daryl Hannah. <mask> also confirmed that he had completed his third book, Canary, his first work of fiction. On January 24, 2022, <mask> posted an open letter threatening to remove his music from Spotify if they did not remove the podcast The Joe Rogan Experience from their platform. The podcast, one of Spotify's most popular, has been criticized for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. <mask> wrote that "Spotify has a responsibility to mitigate the spread of misinformation on its platform". On January 26, Spotify removed <mask>'s music; a spokesperson said Spotify wanted "all the world's music and audio content to be available to Spotify users" and that it had a "great responsibility in balancing both safety for listeners and freedom for creators". The World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus tweeted praise for <mask>'s action.On January 28, <mask>'s longtime friend and fellow polio survivor Joni Mitchell also demanded that her music be removed from Spotify

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 in solidarity with "<mask> and the global scientific and medical communities on this issue". NHS doctor and author Rachel Clarke tweeted: "Both <mask> & Joni Mitchell… know painfully well how much harm, suffering & avoidable death anti-vaxxers can cause." Archives project

In an interview in 2008, <mask> discussed Toast, an album originally recorded with Crazy Horse in San Francisco in 2000 but never released. On July 14, 2009, <mask>'s first four solo albums were reissued as remastered HDCD discs and digital downloads as discs 1–4 of the Original Release Series of the Archives. As of 2019, <mask> has launched a subscription website and application where all of his music is available to stream in high resolution audio. The Neil Young Archives also include his newspaper, The Times-Contrarian, The Hearse Theater, and photographs and memorabilia from throughout his career. Personal life

Homes and residency
<mask>'s family was from Manitoba, where both his parents were born and married.<mask> himself was born in Toronto, Ontario, and lived there at various times in his early life (1945, 1957, 1959–1960, 1966 to 1967), as well as Omemee (1945 to 1952) and Pickering, Ontario (1956) before settling with his mother in Winnipeg, Manitoba (1958, 1960–1966), where his music career began and which he considers his "hometown". <mask> has been outside Canada since 1967. After becoming successful, he bought properties in California. He currently holds dual citizenship for Canada and the United States. <mask> had a home in Malibu, California, which burned to the ground in the 2018 Woolsey Fire. <mask> owned Broken Arrow Ranch, a property of about 1,000 acres near La Honda,

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texts:
 California, that he purchased in 1970 for US$350,000 (US$ in  dollars); the property was subsequently expanded to thousands of acres. He moved out and gave Pegi <mask> the ranch after their divorce in 2014.<mask>'s son Ben lives there. <mask> announced in 2019 that his application for United States citizenship had been held up because of his use of marijuana, but the issue was resolved and he became a United States citizen. Relationships and family
<mask> married his first wife, restaurant owner Susan Acevedo, in December 1968. They were together until October 1970, when she filed for divorce. From late 1970 to 1975, <mask> was in a relationship with actress Carrie Snodgress. The song "A Man Needs a Maid" from Harvest is inspired by his seeing her in the film Diary of a Mad Housewife. They met soon afterward and she moved in with him on his ranch in northern California.They have a son, Zeke, who was born September 8, 1972. He has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy. <mask> met future wife Pegi <mask> ( Morton) in 1974 when she was working as a waitress at a diner near his ranch, a story he tells in the 1992 song "Unknown Legend". They married in August 1978 and had two children together, Ben and Amber. Ben has been diagnosed with cerebral palsy, and Amber has been diagnosed with epilepsy. The couple were musical collaborators and co-founded the Bridge School in 1986. On July 29, 2014, <mask> filed for divorce after 36 years of marriage.Pegi died on January 1, 2019. <mask> has been in a relationship with actress and director Daryl Hannah since 2014. <mask> and Hannah were reported to have wed on August 25, 2018, in Atascadero, California. <mask> confirmed his marriage


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 to Hannah in a video released on October 31, 2018. <mask> has been widely reported to be the godfather of actress Amber Tamblyn; in a 2009 interview with Parade, Tamblyn explained that "godfather" was "just a loose term" for <mask>, Dennis Hopper, and Dean Stockwell, three famous friends of her father, Russ Tamblyn, who were important influences on her life. Charity work
<mask> is an environmentalist and outspoken advocate for the welfare of small farmers, having co-founded in 1985 the benefit concert Farm Aid. He worked on LincVolt, the conversion of his 1959 Lincoln Continental to hybrid electric technology as an environmentalist statement.In 1986, <mask> helped found The Bridge School, an educational organization for children with severe verbal and physical disabilities, and its annual supporting Bridge School Benefit concerts, together with his former wife Pegi <mask>. <mask> is a member of the Canadian charity Artists Against Racism. Business ventures
<mask> was part owner of Lionel, LLC, a company that makes toy trains and model railroad accessories. In 2008 Lionel emerged from bankruptcy and his shares of the company were wiped out. He was instrumental in the design of the Lionel Legacy control system for model trains, and remains on the board of directors of Lionel. He has been named as co-inventor on seven US patents related to model trains. <mask> has long held that the digital audio formats in which most people download music are deeply flawed, and do not provide the rich, warm sound of analog recordings.He claims to be acutely aware of the difference, and compares it with taking a shower in tiny ice cubes versus ordinary water. <mask> and his company


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texts:
 PonoMusic developed Pono, a music download service and dedicated music player focusing on "high-quality" uncompressed digital audio. It was designed to compete against highly compressed MP3 type formats. Pono promised to present songs "as they first sound during studio recording". The service and the sale of the player were launched in October 2014. Instruments

Guitars

In 2003, Rolling Stone listed <mask> as eighty-third in its ranking of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" (although in a more recent version of the list, he has been moved up to seventeenth place), describing him as a "restless experimenter ... who transform[s] the most obvious music into something revelatory". <mask> is a collector of second-hand guitars, but in recording and performing, he uses frequently just a few instruments, as is explained by his longtime guitar technician Larry Cragg in the film <mask>: Heart of Gold.They include:
a late 1950s Gretsch White Falcon purchased by <mask> near the end of the Buffalo Springfield era. In 1969, he bought a stereo version of the same vintage guitar from Stephen Stills, and this instrument is featured prominently during <mask>'s early 1970s period, and can be heard on tracks like "Ohio", "Southern Man", "Alabama", "Words (Between the Lines of Age)", and "L.A.". It was <mask>'s primary electric guitar during the Harvest (1972) era, since <mask>'s deteriorating back condition (eventually fixed with surgery) made playing the much heavier Les Paul (a favourite of his named Old Black) difficult. Reed organ
<mask> owns a restored Estey reed organ, serial number 167272, dating from 1885, which he frequently plays in concert. Crystallophone
<mask> owns

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 a glass harmonica, which he played in the recording of "I Do" on his 2019 album Colorado. Amplification
<mask> uses various vintage Fender Tweed Deluxe amplifiers. His preferred amplifier for electric guitar is the Fender Deluxe, specifically a Tweed-era model from 1959.He purchased his first vintage Deluxe in 1967 for US$50 (US$ in  dollars) from Sol Betnun Music on Larchmont in Hollywood and has since acquired nearly 450 different examples, all from the same era, but he maintains that it is the original model that sounds superior and is crucial to his trademark sound. The Tweed Deluxe is almost always used in conjunction with a late-1950s Magnatone 280 (similar to the amplifier used by Lonnie Mack and Buddy Holly). The Magnatone and the Deluxe are paired together in an unusual manner: the external speaker jack from the Deluxe sends the amped signal through a volume potentiometer and directly into the input of the Magnatone. The Magnatone is notable for its true pitch-bending vibrato capabilities. It can be heard as an electric piano amplifier on "See the Sky About to Rain". A notable and unique accessory to <mask>'s Deluxe is the Whizzer, a device created specifically for <mask> by Rick Davis, which physically changes the amplifier's settings to pre-set combinations. This device is connected to footswitches operable by <mask> onstage in the manner of an effects pedal.Tom Wheeler's book Soul of Tone highlights the device on page 182/183. Discography

 <mask> (1968)
 Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere with Crazy Horse (1969)
 After the Gold Rush (1970)
 Harvest (1972)
 Time Fades Away (1973, live)
 On the Beach (1974)
 Tonight's the Night (1975)
 Zuma with Crazy Horse

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texts: thirty-fourth in its list of the 100 greatest artists of all time.In 2000, <mask> was inducted into Canada's Walk of Fame. In 2003, Rolling Stones 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list included After the Gold Rush at number 71, Harvest at number 78, Déjà Vu (with Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young) at number 148, Everybody Knows This Is Nowhere at number 208, Tonight's the Night at number 331, and Rust Never Sleeps at number 350. And in 2004, on their 500 Greatest Songs of All Time list, Rolling Stone included "Rockin' in the Free World" at number 214, "Heart of Gold" at number 297, "Cortez the Killer" at number 321, and "Ohio" (with Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young) at number 385. In 2006, when Paste magazine compiled a "Greatest Living Songwriters" list, <mask> was ranked second behind Bob Dylan. (While <mask> and Dylan have occasionally played together in concert, they have never collaborated on a song together or played on each other's records). He ranked thirty-ninth on VH1's 100 Greatest Artist of Hard Rock that same year. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame explained that while <mask> has "avoided sticking to one style for very long, the unifying factors throughout <mask>'s peripatetic musical journey have been his unmistakable voice, his raw and expressive guitar playing, and his consummate songwriting skill."According to Acclaimed Music, <mask> is the seventh-most celebrated artist in popular music history. After the Gold Rush, Harvest, Déjà Vu, and "Ohio" have all been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. <mask>'s political outspokenness and social awareness influenced artists such as Blind Melon, Phish, Pearl Jam, and Nirvana. <mask> is referred to as "the Godfather of


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texts:
 Grunge" because of the influence he had on Kurt Cobain and Eddie Vedder and the entire grunge movement. Vedder inducted <mask> into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995, citing him as a huge influence. <mask> is cited as being a significant influence on the experimental rock group Sonic Youth, and Thom Yorke of Radiohead. Yorke recounted of first hearing <mask> after sending a demo tape into a magazine when he was 16, who favorably compared his singing voice to <mask>'s.Unaware of <mask> at that time, he bought After the Gold Rush (1970), and "immediately fell in love" with his work, calling it "extraordinary". The Australian rock group Powderfinger named themselves after <mask>'s song "Powderfinger" from Rust Never Sleeps (1979). The members of the Constantines have occasionally played <mask> tribute shows under the name Horsey Craze. Jason Bond, an East Carolina University biologist, discovered a new species of trapdoor spider in 2007 and named it Myrmekiaphila neilyoungi after <mask>, his favorite singer. In 2001, <mask> was awarded the Spirit of Liberty award by the civil liberties group People for the American Way. <mask> was honored as the MusiCares Person of the Year on January 29, 2010, two nights prior to the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards. He was also nominated for two Grammy Awards: Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance for "Fork in the Road" and Best Boxed or Special Limited Edition Package for <mask> Archives Vol.1 (1963–1972). <mask> won the latter Grammy Award. In 2010, he was ranked No. 26 in Gibson.com's Top 50 Guitarists of All Time. Other honors include:

Canadian Music Hall of Fame, 1982
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame He has been inducted into the Rock and

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 Roll Hall of Fame twice: first in 1995 for his solo work and in 1997 as a member of Buffalo Springfield. In 2006, Artist of the Year by the American Music Association. Albums recorded in tribute to <mask> by various artists include:

 1989 – The Bridge: A Tribute to <mask>, Caroline
 1994 – Borrowed Tunes: A Tribute to <mask>, Sony Music Canada, 2xCD acoustic and electric
 1999 – This Note's for You Too!Popular Music 28:3, 341–365. McKay, George (2013) Shakin' All Over: Popular Music and Disability. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan

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title: Anupama Chopra

texts:
<mask> (born 23 February 1967) is an Indian author, journalist, film critic and director of the MAMI Mumbai Film Festival. She is also the founder and editor of the digital platform Film Companion, which offers a curated look at cinema. She has written several books on Indian cinema and has been a film critic for NDTV, India Today, as well as the Hindustan Times. She also hosted a weekly film review show The Front Row With <mask>, on Star World. She won the 2000 National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema for her first book Sholay: The Making of a Classic. She presently critiques movies and interviews celebrities for Film Companion. Early life and background
Born as <mask> in Calcutta, India to Chandra Parshad family, she has also lived in Badayun, a city in Uttar Pradesh.Her father Navin Chandra was the eldest of the brothers and sisters. <mask>'s grandfather, originally from Delhi, was an executive with Union Carbide, Kolkata. Her mother Kamna Chandra was a scriptwriter who wrote dialogue for such films as Prem Rog (1982) and Chandni (1989). <mask> grew up with her brother and sister in Mumbai, where her family lived in Nepean Sea Road and then in Cuffe Parade. Her sister Tanuja Chandra is an Indian Film director and screenwriter; her brother Vikram Chandra is a novelist, who splits his time between California and India. She also lived in Hong Kong for several years as a teenager. She graduated from St. Xavier's College, Mumbai with a BA in English Literature in 1987.Later, <mask> earned her MA in journalism from Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism. She won the Harrington Award for "academic excellence and promise for success in the field of magazine journalism" while at Medill. She later said, "Film journalism was untouchable at the time. Everybody was ashamed and nobody wanted to admit that I worked for movies." Career
After her education, <mask> started her career as a film journalist and critic and over the years has written

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title: Anupama Chopra

texts: several books of films, especially Hindi cinema. She has written about the Hindi film industry since 1993 and has explored cinema in several mediums – print, television and digital. Her first book Sholay: The Making of a Classic (2000) won the 2001 National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema (India).Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge  (The Bravehearted Will Take The Bride) (2002) was published by the British Film Institute as part of their Modern Classics Series. Her book, King of Bollywood: Shah Rukh Khan and the Seductive World of Indian Cinema, was featured on the annual "Editor's Choice" list of the New York Times Book Review. It was also translated into German, Indonesian and Polish. <mask>'s 2011 book First Day First Show: Writings from the Bollywood Trenches, is a compilation of her articles on Hindi cinema over two decades, published by Penguin India. <mask>'s work has been published in India Today, India's largest English-language magazine. She has also written about Hindi Films for various international publications such as The New York Times, the Los Angeles Times, Variety and Sight & Sound and is currently a contributing editor to Vogue India. <mask> hosted film review show, Picture This on NDTV 24X7 news channel.In 2012, she started her weekly review show called The Front Row with <mask> <mask>, on Star World, which ran till June 2014. In 2013, she released two books, Freeze Frame based on the interviews with film makers and actors on the TV show, and 100 Films to See before You Die based on her weekly film columns. In 2014, she also did a Hindi show called 'Star Verdict' on Star Plus. Currently she hosts Film Companion on YouTube which replaced "The Front Row With <mask> <mask>" where she critiques Hindi Film movies. She has written several books on cinema. <mask>’s latest book, The Front Row: Conversations on Cinema published by Harper Collins is a collection of her televised interviews with both Indian Film and Hollywood personalities. She is

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title: Anupama Chopra

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 also actively involved in works related to film festivals happening in India.In November 2014, <mask> replaced Shyam Benegal to become the chairperson of the Mumbai Film Festival organized by the Mumbai Academy of the Moving Image (MAMI). Film Companion
In July 2014, <mask> founded Film Companion as a pan-India platform for entertainment journalism. Currently the platform carries reviews, interviews, features and masterclasses around cinema, television and web series. <mask>, Baradwaj Rangan, Rahul Desai, Sucharita Tyagi and Pratayush Parasuraman write for the platform. Personal life
<mask> is married to Vidhu Vinod <mask>, a Hindi Film producer and director. Her daughter Zuni <mask>  (born 2001/2002) is author of three books, including a novel and two books in poetry. Her son Agni <mask> is an aspiring cricketer.Bibliography
 Sholay: The Making of a Classic. Penguin Books, 2000. .
 Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, British Film Institute, 2002. .
 King of Bollywood: Shah Rukh Khan and the Seductive World of Indian Cinema. Grand Central Publishing, 2007. .
 First Day First Show: Writings from the Bollywood Trenches. Penguin Books India, 2011. . Freeze Frames. Om Books, 2013. .
 100 Films to See before You Die. BCCL, New Delhi, 2013. .The Front Row: Conversation on Cinema. HarperCollins Publishers India, 2015. . In Conversation with the Stars. Rupa Publications, 2019. References

External links
Film Companion
<mask> <mask> reviews at Hindustan Times

Indian film critics
1967 births
Living people
Writers from Kolkata
Bengali people
St. Xavier's College, Mumbai alumni
Medill School of Journalism alumni
Indian women television presenters
Indian television presenters
Indian women television journalists
Indian television journalists
Journalists from West Bengal
Women writers from West Bengal
Indian women critics
20th-century Indian journalists
21st-century Indian journalists
20th-century Indian women writers
21st-century Indian women writers
Variety (magazine)

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title: Edward Cavendish, 10th Duke of Devonshire

texts:
<mask>, 10th Duke of Devonshire,  (6 May 1895 – 26 November 1950), known as the Marquess of Hartington from 1908 to 1938, was a British politician. He was the head of the Devonshire branch of the House of Cavendish. He had careers with the army and in politics and was a senior freemason. His sudden death, apparently of a heart attack at the age of fifty-five, occurred in the presence of the suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams. Early life
He was born in the parish of St George in the East, Stepney, London, the son of Victor Cavendish and his wife, Lady Evelyn Petty-Fitzmaurice. In 1908, his father Victor succeeded as the 9th Duke of Devonshire, thus <mask> was styled by the courtesy title Marquess of Hartington. Lord Hartington was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge.He was, after his father's death, the owner of Chatsworth House, and one of the largest private landowners in both Great Britain and Ireland. Military career
The then Marquess of Hartington began service with the Territorial Army as a second lieutenant in the Derbyshire Yeomanry in 1913. Mobilised at the outbreak of the First World War, he was an aide-de-camp (ADC) on the Personal Staff at the British Expeditionary Force's General Headquarters. In 1916, when promoted captain, he rejoined his regiment, in Egypt, and served in the latter stages of the Dardanelles campaign. He then returned to France, became attached to Military Intelligence, then to the War Office and the British Military Mission in Paris, and was twice mentioned in despatches. In 1919 he served on the British peace delegation that attended the signing of the Treaty of Versailles and was appointed MBE. He also became a knight of the French Legion of Honour.He continued serving after the war with his regiment, which became 24 (Derbyshire Yeomanry) Armoured Car Company of the Royal Tank Regiment in 1923. He was promoted major in 1932, and became lieutenant colonel in command in 1935. He was awarded

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 affair with Robert Boothby at the time. Home Office pathologist Francis Camps linked Adams to 163 suspicious deaths in total, which would make him a precursor to Harold Shipman. The Duke's body was buried in the churchyard at Edensor, Derbyshire, near Chatsworth. Estate
In 1946 the Duke transferred most of his assets to his only surviving son in an attempt to avoid a repeat of the heavy death duties which the 9th Duke had had to pay in 1908.The Duke's surprise death less than four years later meant that his estate had to pay 80% death duties on the value of the entire estate. Had he lived longer, the value assessed to tax would have been progressively reduced to zero. The tax liability led to the transfer of Hardwick Hall to the National Trust, and the sale of many of the Devonshires' accumulated assets, including tens of thousands of acres of land, and many works of art and rare books. Whilst the majority of the Duke's property transferred to the next Duke, his private funds of £796,473 8s. 9d. were willed to his widow Mary Alice, Dowager Duchess of Devonshire. See also
 Gertrude Hullett

References

External links

1895 births
1950 deaths
<mask>, 10th Duke of Devonshire
Conservative Party (UK) hereditary peers
Cavendish, Edward
Derbyshire Yeomanry officers
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05
English landowners
Foreign Office personnel of World War II
Grand Masters of the United Grand Lodge of England
Knights of the Garter
Lord-Lieutenants of Derbyshire
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Cavendish, <mask>
Ministers in the Chamberlain peacetime government, 1937–1939
Ministers in the Chamberlain wartime government, 1939–1940
Ministers in the Churchill caretaker government, 1945
Ministers in the Churchill wartime government, 1940–1945
People educated at Eton College
People from Derbyshire Dales (district)
Presidents of the Zoological Society of London
Cavendish, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, D10
British Army personnel of World War I
20th-century English

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title: Andy Tyrie

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<mask> (born 5 February 1940) is an Ulster loyalist paramilitary leader who served as commander of the Ulster Defence Association (UDA) during much of its early history. He took the place of Tommy Herron in 1973 when the latter was killed, and led the organisation until March 1988 when an attempt on his life forced him to resign from his command. Background
<mask> was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland, one of the seven children of an ex-soldier and a part-time seamstress. He was brought up in a two-bedroomed house in the Shankill Road. He was educated at the local Brown Square school and found work as a gardener with Belfast City Council. <mask>'s family lived in both Ballymurphy and New Barnsley, but were forced out of both heavily Catholic areas in 1969. The family returned to the Shankill.<mask>'s surname is an ancient Scottish clan name; his ancestors migrated from Scotland to Ireland in the early days of the Ulster Plantation. They first went to Dublin, however, before settling permanently in Ulster. <mask>'s first involvement with loyalist paramilitaries came in 1967 when he was sworn in as a member of the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), although he did not stay long as he felt that the UVF was doing too little about Protestants being forced out of Catholic areas, such as his own family. He soon fell in behind John McKeague, initially following him in the Ulster Protestant Volunteers, before joining his Shankill Defence Association (SDA) upon its foundation in 1969. <mask>'s power base within the SDA grew and he was a relatively high-profile figure on the Shankill when it was absorbed by the UDA in 1971. Assuming leadership
The newly formed UDA was dominated by Charles Harding Smith in the Shankill area and by Tommy Herron in East Belfast. It was feared from early on that a feud between the two would follow if either one was picked to lead the UDA.As such, in March 1973 <mask> was picked as a compromise candidate for the leadership, being seen by Herron and Harding Smith as someone they could dominate. The strategy did not work, however, as a feud between the

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