title: Yang Shao-hou

texts:
 unique weapons form, a vigorous athletic saber (刀; Pinyin: dāo, also translated as "falchion" or "broadsword") form that includes long leaps, jump kicks, reverse spins, and challenging circles. Tung Hu Ling preserved this form as part of the Tung family t'ai chi advanced curriculum. Although <mask> undoubtedly learned other weapons forms from his father and uncle, and may have taught the more widely known Yang-style weapons forms when he deigned to teach public classes, he apparently established no specific lineage of weapons training. In fact as noted above, Yu Zhijun's thorough book on the t'ai chi of <mask> disciple Wu Tunan includes only Wu style sword forms. <mask>'s favorite weapon was an iron seal-carving stylus (鐵筆/铁笔, Pinyin: tiěbǐ), preferably one in each hand. He said weapons are just extensions of the hands, and felt he could better demonstrate t'ai chi moves while holding those small pointy tools.That potentially dangerous teaching method, along with his famously crippling empty-hand attacks, have not been included in the public curriculums of subsequent generations. Notable Students

Internationally Well-Known Students

Wu Kung-i and Wu Kung-tsao trained with <mask>, based on a tradition that required they be taught by teachers of the same lineage generation as their grandfather, Wu-style cofounder Wu Ch'uan-yu, who died while they were infants. Their father Wu Chien-ch'uan and <mask> were both famous for their "small frame" martial expertise, and this training laid a

masks:
Yang Shaohou
Yang Shaohou
Yang Shaohou
Yang Shaohou
Yang Shaohou


title: Yang Shao-hou

type: original

texts:
 strong foundation for the Wu brothers' mastery of their family style. Wu Kung-i's famous 1954 public match in Macau against a master of Tibetan White Crane, and even more so his son Wu Ta-k'uei's reputation as a fierce brawler, might have made <mask> proud. Tung Ying-chieh trained with <mask> in Beijing while preparing to serve as <mask>'s chief assistant instructor, and later incorporated aspects of <mask>'s "small frame" and fa jin techniques into his own Tung family t'ai chi advanced fast forms. Tung taught that mastery of any size "frame" of <mask> style would enable mastery of the others, and though he felt that the <mask>fu "large frame" was the best place to start he never criticized other frames, styles, or masters. Tung Hu-ling's training also included some time with <mask>, resulting most notably in his mastery of <mask>'s unique and vigorous advanced t'ai chi saber (刀; Pinyin: dāo, also translated as "falchion" or "broadsword") form.Tung Hu-ling later taught it as part of the Tung family t'ai chi advanced curriculum, and from that form also created a double saber form and versions of both forms using sticks instead of swords. Disciples and Close Students

In martial arts circles, <mask> regarded only Xu Yusheng (許禹生, Pinyin: Xǔ Yǔshēng; 1878-1945) and Chen Weiming (陳微明, Pinyin: Chén Wēimíng; 1881–1958) as friends and confidants. He did not formally claim them as disciples, as Xu was a disciple of his father and both of them of his younger brother, yet of all his students Xu

masks:
Yang Shaohou
Yang Shaohou
Yang Chengfu
Yang Shaohou
Yang
Yang Cheng
Yang Shaohou
Yang
Yang Shaohou


title: Yang Shao-hou

texts: Yusheng may have acquired the most skills in Shaohou's small frame style. Xu and Chen were highly placed and influential in official education circles, they retained the <mask> brothers to teach at their institutes and clubs, and they collaborated with each other on books about <mask> t'ai chi. Both had tolerant personalities that allowed them to train most harmoniously with and befriend <mask>. <mask>ng (楊振聲, Pinyin: Yáng Zhènshēng; 1878-1939) trained to a high level of skill under his father <mask> and his uncle <mask>fu, and went on to teach t'ai chi ch'uan in Shanghai and Kunming in the 1930s. During the Japanese occupation he went missing in Hebei and was never found, but three of his sons and their many descendants have continued the <mask> family t'ai chi lineage.Wu Tunan (吴图南, Pinyin: Wú Túnán; 1884-1989) was <mask>'s last living direct disciple. Born into a prominent Mongolian warrior clan in Beijing and originally named Ulabu (烏拉布, Pinyin: Wū Lā Bù), he was not strong as a child and so his father had him trained in martial arts. Beginning at age nine he studied the Wu style under Wu Jianquan for eight years, then Yang style under <mask> for four years. As explained above, those four years were equivalent to advanced graduate training offered only to those who had already mastered the Yang large frame or the Wu style. An educator and a scholar, Wu wrote extensively on t'ai chi, founded the lineage described above, and at age 100 was still performing his small frame form for the

masks:
Yang
Yang
Yang Shaohou
Yang Zhenshe
Yang Shaohou
Yang Cheng
Yang
Yang Shaohou
Yang Shaohou


title: Yang Shao-hou

texts:
 public. In the 1980s he received awards recognizing his lifelong accomplishments, and he died in 1989 at age 105. Other disciples and close students of <mask> include the two disciples mentioned above, Gu Luping (顾履平, Gù Lǚpíng) and Zhang Huchen (张虎臣, Zhāng Hǔchén), as well as Tian Zhaolin (田兆麟 Pinyin: Tiān Zhàolín; 1891—1959; adopted by <mask>, disciple of Jianhou and Chengfu), Dong Runfang (東潤芳, Dōng Rúnfāng), You Zhixue (尤志學, Yóu Zhìxué), Ma Runzhi (馬潤之, Mǎ Rúnzhī), and Li Shou Jian (李壽箋, Lǐ Shòujiān).Final Years
<mask> found himself living in increasingly strained circumstances in Beiping after the government moved south to Nanjing in 1927. In 1928 his younger brother <mask> led a group of disciples south to establish training classes across the region, and found success. <mask> eventually accepted an invitation to teach in Nanjing arranged by a patron, the minister of transportation. But after taking up the position in the fall of 1929, he quarreled with a ministry official and left in anger. He returned to Beiping, but by that winter had traveled back to Nanjing after being unable to arrange new work. He died in January 1930, in Nanjing. According to newspaper reports at the time, he took his own life with a pair of scissors while living as a guest at the home of his patron, the transportation minister.He may have become depressed over finding himself an aging widower living in reduced circumstances, with no immediate prospects of earning a living on his own, and had been using

masks:
Yang Shaohou
Yang Jianhou
Yang Shaohou
Yang Chengfu
Yang Shaohou


title: Yang Shao-hou

texts:
 opium. He reportedly stated he was committing suicide to protect the <mask> family reputation. His patron brought him to a hospital but was unable to save him, then raised funds to assist the family, now led by <mask>, with the funeral arrangements. <mask> was initially buried in Nanjing. But after <mask> died in 1936 due to illness, Chengfu's wife Hou Zhuqing sold all her valuables and raised additional funds from supporters to transport both brothers for burial in their hometown, Yongnian. T'ai Chi Ch'uan Lineage Tree with Yang-Style Focus

References

Bibliography

External links
Yang Style Family Tree
Yang Style Lineage Tree at Yang Family Tai Chi Chuan Association website

1862 births
1930 deaths
Chinese tai chi practitioners
Sportspeople from Hebei
1930

masks:
Yang
Yang Chengfu
Yang Shaohou
Yang Chengfu


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts:
<mask> (), also known by his monastic name Hierotheos (Ἱερόθεος) (1657-1719), was an Ottoman Greek scholar and physician, who later in life became a monk and Eastern Orthodox metropolitan bishop of Side and Dristra. He is a descendant of the Byzantine imperial dynasty of the Komnenoi, specifically of the branch that ruled the Empire of Trebizond, and is often regarded as the last member of the family. Origin
Based on the date of his baptism (26 January 1658), <mask> was born in mid-December 1657 at Heraclea Perinthus. The Romanian scholars Nicolae Iorga and N. Vatamanu considered <mask> to hail from Lesbos, but it is securely attested that <mask> was born in Heraclea; in a work whose edition he supervised, he calls himself "Perinthian" after the city's ancient name. According to a document he commissioned from the Metropolitan of Heraclea, Neophytus III, in September 1695, <mask> was the son of Alexios Komnenos, surnamed "Molyvdos", who had been consecrated as a priest in 1656. Alexios in turn was the son of Theodore Komnenos, who died in 1637; the document traces the ancestry through four more generations to another Theodore Komnenos, who in 1480 settled with his family at Heraclea. According to the document, this Theodore was the great-grandson of the Emperor of Trebizond Basil Megas Komnenos ().Early life and career as a physician and scholar

Education
After completing his elementary education in his home town, <mask> left to attend the Patriarchal Academy in the nearby capital of the Ottoman Empire, Constantinople. He probably attended the school in 1676–80—the exact dates are unknown—and studied theology, philosophy, grammar, and medicine. His enrollment in the school was a decisive moment in his career, as he made many acquaintances from among the circle of Ottoman Greek scholars of Constantinople, with whom he would maintain close relations in later years; among them were his

masks:
John Komnenos Molyvdos
John
John
John
John
John


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts: teachers Sevastos Kyminitis and Antonios Spandonis, the Metropolitan of Adrianople Neophytus Filaretos, the Archbishop of Nyssa Germanus, the future Patriarch of Jerusalem Chrysanthos Notaras, and Ioannis Karyofyllis. Following his graduation, <mask> was appointed a notary to the Patriarchate of Constantinople, but soon left the city for Iași, capital of Moldavia, where in October 1683 he published his first work, a collected edition of the works of Symeon of Thessalonica, together with Markos Eugenikos' treatise Exposition of the Church's Daily Prayer. It was dedicated to the Prince of Moldavia, George Ducas, who along with Patriarch Dositheos II of Jerusalem had sponsored the establishment of a Greek printing press in the Cetățuia Monastery in the previous year. <mask> had probably been recruited to staff the new enterprise. At the same time, he served as tutor to George Ducas' son Constantine, alongside the Phanariote scholars Azarias Kigalas and Skarlatos Spandonis.Moldavia entered a period of instability after 1683 with the fall of Ducas and a Tartar raid; the printing press seems to have suspended its operation until 1694, with the exception of a brief period in 1685 after the appointment of Constantin Cantemir to the voivodeship. <mask>'s activity during this period is unclear, but from a couple of letters to Neophytus of Adrianople it emerges that at least during the first year of Cantemir's rule he was at Iași, working as tutor to the new voivode's son Dimitrie Cantemir. Nevertheless, by the autumn of 1686 <mask> had left Moldavia and gone to Padua, to study medicine at the University of Padua, which at the time was a popular destination for Greeks wishing to pursue higher education. Although already in 1686 Germanus of Nyssa offered him the position of court doctor in the Wallachian capital, Bucharest, in succession to the retiring Iakovos Pylarinos, <mask> continued his

masks: John John John John John


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts:
 studies at Padua despite his great financial difficulties, which were partly overcome with the financial support of the Karyofyllis family. During his studies at Padua he became a friend of the local English embassy official, as a result of which he participated in an official trip to England in early 1687. In December 1687 he succeeded in entering the Greek Palaiokapas college, and became a member of the Greek Community of Venice. Finally, on 23 January 1691, <mask> received his diploma as a "doctor-philosopher" and left Italy.Service in Russia and wanderings
From Italy, <mask> moved to Russia, responding to an invitation to work at the Tsar's court, probably through the intercession of Pylarinos, who had been chief physician there in 1690, or the Greek-born Russian envoy to Venice, Ioannikios Leichoudes. From Venice <mask> crossed the Polish Commonwealth and arrived at Kiev on 8 July 1691. His career at the Russian court is obscure, but Russian sources report that he succeeded Pylarinos as head physician when the latter left the country in 1692. During his stay in Moscow, in 1693, he translated from Latin to the vernacular Greek the medieval ecclesiastical treatise Quattor novissimom liber, and this was probably also the period when he composed four epigraphs on behalf of Tsar Peter the Great () and his brother Ivan V () for donations they made to Christian sites in the Holy Land. Despite his successful career at the Russian court, for unknown reasons <mask> was not satisfied; a letter to Kyminitis (then headmaster of the Princely Academy of Bucharest) and his subsequent career show that he had sought the (unspecified) assistance of the Prince of Wallachia Constantin Brâncoveanu (). He evidently obtained that in 1694, for in that year he was discharged from Russian service with a referral in Latin, signed by Tsar Peter himself, and by 29 September he was in Bucharest. He dedicated his

masks: John John John John


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts: next two translations into modern Greek, Diogenes Laërtius' Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers and the Sayings of Kings and Commanders from Plutarch's Moralia, to Brâncoveanu.<mask> was evidently aiming for an appointment as court physician at Brâncoveanu's court, but this did not happen. A possible explanation may lie in the falling out between Brâncoveanu with <mask>'s patron, Dositheos II of Jerusalem, in the period 1692–1697. In letters of the period he inquires of his friends about the situation in Constantinople, and mentions an invitation by his former pupil, Constantine Ducas, then in his first (1693–1695) tenure as Prince of Moldavia, but <mask>'s actual whereabouts and activities until 1697 are largely unknown. If he went to Iași, he probably did not stay there long after Ducas' expulsion in December 1695 by Antioh Cantemir. During this time, he may have composed an epitaph for Theodoros Trapezountios, a professor at the Princely Academy, who died on 7 September 1695. At the same time he sought and obtained the certificate of his descent from the Komnenian emperors, and may then have gone to Constantinople, before going on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. He was again at Constantinople sometime before February 1697, when Patriarch Adrian of Moscow sent letters to Chrysanthos Notaras inquiring about <mask>es brothers at the helm of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy in Moscow.Adrian also proposed to ask <mask> to supervise the establishment of a Greek printing press there, a project sponsored both by Adrian and Dositheos II of Jerusalem. <mask> was interested, but evidently troubled about the conditions prevailing in Russia, for in a letter by Dositheos to Adrian, dated 6 March 1698, Dositheos reported that <mask> was willing to accept, but only under specific conditions: that he would be allowed to exercise his medical skills alongside his scholarly duties; that he would be

masks: John John John Johnoud John John John


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts:
 provided with sufficient remuneration during his stay; and that, as soon as the main task, the establishment of the Greek press, was completed, he would be allowed to leave for the Danubian Principalities. Dositheos, who may have shared in <mask>'s reservations, recommended acceptance of his terms, with a proposed contract for five years. Nothing came of this, however, especially in the tumultuous political and religious climate in Russia following Adrian's death in 1700 and the reforms of Peter the Great. Service in Wallachia

In the meantime, however, <mask> had entered the far more familiar, and lucrative, service of the Wallachian court. Already in summer 1697 his name appears in the fiscal records as a court physician, alongside Pylarinos and another Greek, Pantaleon Kalliarchis. <mask> was further assigned the duty of accompanying Wallachian troops in the field—as an Ottoman vassal, Wallachia was involved in the Great Turkish War—and equipped with a cart for carrying wounded soldiers.He remained in the Wallachian court until 1702, with an annual salary of 800 thalers initially, rising to 1,000 after autumn 1700. This period was one of the most productive in <mask>'s career: enjoying a good salary and the favour of both Brâncoveanu and his influential uncle, stolnic Constantin Cantacuzino, he was able to engage in his literary and translation activity with new vigour. In 1698, <mask> made a pilgrimage to Mount Athos, which became the source for what is perhaps his most famous work, the Pilgrim's Guidebook to the Holy Mount Athos (Προσκυνητάριον τοῦ Ἁγίου Ὄρους τοῦ Ἂθωνος), published at his own expense at the printing press of the Snagov monastery in 1701. He also participated in four other works published at Snagov, by providing epigraphs honouring the authors and/or Brâncoveanu, who funded them: a single-volume edition, published in February 1699, of Peter Mogila's Confession of


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts: Faith and Bessarion Makris' On the Three Greatest Virtues; a Greek–Arabic edition of the Three Divine Liturgies (St. James, St. Basil, St. John Chrysostom), published in January 1701; an Almanac by Kyminitis, published in June 1701; and a Greek–Arabic Horologion, published in 1702. For the latter, <mask>'s previous epigraph from the Three Divine Liturgies was simply reprinted, and it was reprinted again for the 1703 Commentary and Liturgy on the Dedication of a Church, published at Bucharest by Anthimos the Iberite with funding by Brâncoveanu. Apart from contributing epigraphs, <mask> also wrote a number of original works, in line with the humanist and scholarly endeavours pursued at the Wallachian court under the patronage of Brâncoveanu and Cantacuzino.In 1699, he wrote a biography of the Byzantine emperor <mask> VI Kantakouzenos (), dedicated to Constantin Cantacuzino, whose family claimed descent from the emperor. The account is heavily fictionalized and idealized, meant to represent an ideal Christian, scholarly, and politically sage ruler rather than the historical figure, and flatter Cantacuzino as the ostensible heir and successor to his illustrious forebear. In December 1699, he composed the Prognostic Book on the Eclipse of the Sun that occurred in the Year 1699, September 13. This led some modern scholars to suggest that he was active in teaching mathematics and physics at the Princely Academy, but despite his evident interest in these subjects, this is nowhere corroborated. He also encouraged Cantacuzino and collaborated with him on the latter's map of Wallachia (1700), a work of remarkable accuracy on the political, historical, and economical geography of the country. In 1702, at Brâncoveanu's suggestion, <mask> translated into modern Greek Theophylact of Ohrid's commentary on the Four Gospels, but this work was never published due to the contrary advice of Patriarch


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts:
 Callinicus II of Constantinople, according to whom it was useless for the educated, and too complicated for the ordinary people. In 1702, <mask> lost his erstwhile teacher and close friend, Kyminitis, who died and was buried at Bucharest on 6 September.<mask> composed a funerary epigraph for him, which was inscribed on his tombstone. <mask> also had a major contribution in Kyminitis' final work, Doctrinal Instruction, published posthumously in 1703, through his translations from Latin. Ecclesiastical career
The Wallachian court records show that in autumn 1702, <mask> resigned as court physician, to be replaced by the Italian Bartolomeo Ferrati. Despite his successful scholarly career, and for reasons that are unknown, <mask> decided to enter the clergy. The details or time of his tonsure are unknown, but in September 1703 he is already recorded as a monk, in which capacity he participated in the boyar assembly convened at Arnavutköy to elect the successor of Constantine Ducas. In the assembly, he staunchly supported Brâncoveanu's candidate, Mihai Racoviță; Brâncoveanu's rival, Dimitrie Cantemir, credits <mask>'s speech with influencing many of the boyars towards Racoviță, who was finally elected as ruler of Moldavia. Titular bishop of Side and abbot of the Kamariotissa monastery
Following his departure from the Wallachian court, <mask> probably headed for Constantinople, where he was tonsured as a monk, assuming the monastic name "Hierotheos" (Ἱερόθεος).He enjoyed a rapid ascent, being promoted to presbyter and then titular bishop of Side by 1704. From this it appears that <mask>, as an eminent scholar and someone interested in theological matters, had maintained contacts with patriarchal circles, and had perhaps received some offer from the Patriarchate that induced him to abandon his career at the Wallachian court. <mask> was probably tonsured at the monastery of Theotokos

masks: John John John John John John John John John


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts:
 Kamariotissa on the island of Chalke (modern Heybeliada), whose abbot he became following the death of the previous incumbent, Athanasios Malatestas, in January 1704. His residence at the monastery was at least in part for reasons of survival: as a titular bishop, he had no real source of income. He remained abbot at Kamariotissa until 1706, and was engaged in the renovation of the monastery and particularly the enrichment of its library. This period of his life is poorly documented; certainly his new duties at the monastery, but also at the patriarchal administration, forced him to suspend his literary and translation activity. In July 1705, at <mask>'s instigation, Brâncoveanu funded the construction of a well in Constantinople.In March 1706, he participated at a synod in the Patriarchate that confirmed the election of a new metropolitan bishop for Trebizond, but he was already preparing his resignation as abbot of Kamariotissa: on 13 September of the same year, he ordered a formal inventory of all items in the monastery's sacristy, and delivered it to his eventual successor, the sacristan Neophytos. It is known that he left again for Wallachia, but the reason, or the duration of his stay there, are unknown; indeed he is next mentioned only in a synod at the Patriarchate in December 1709. Metropolitan of Dristra
After December 1709, the sources are silent on <mask>'s activities until a letter sent to him by Nicholas Mavrocordatos on 27 October 1711. In this letter, he is mentioned in a new position, as metropolitan bishop of Dristra. The last reference to his predecessor Athanasios is from August 1710, meaning that <mask> was promoted to the see of Dristra sometime after that. The vicinity of Dristra to Wallachia, and <mask>'s own relations with Wallachia, was certainly a factor in his appointment there. His career as Metropolitan of Dristra is well documented, both from Church


title: John Komnenos Molyvdos

texts:
 documents as well as due to the survival of a large part of <mask>'s correspondence.The main challenge he faced during his tenure was financial: due to the poverty of the local Christian population, his own reluctance to enforce payment, and the need to cover the extortionate bribes of various Ottoman officials, <mask> often not only found himself unable to pay the required sums to the Patriarchate and the Porte, but often he lacked money even for his private necessities. His correspondence during these years largely concerns pleas for assistance or intercession by his numerous acquaintances and patrons in high office. <mask> was also an active participant in the patriarchal synod in Constantinople. He played a particularly important role in the Orthodox dialogue with the English non-jurors. On the other hand, his editorial activity declined, mostly due to the political turmoil engulfing the Danubian Principalities at the time. Only during the tenures of his friend Nicholas Mavrocordatos, who provided him with financial assistance, was he able to resume some of his previous publishing activity. In 1719, following the restoration of Mavrocordatos to the throne of Wallachia, <mask> returned to Bucharest, where he translated the 15th-century treatise The Imitation of Christ into Greek.An encomiastic introduction to Mavrocordatos' Liber de Officiis, which was published in December 1719, is the last known work by <mask>, who died sometime during that year. He was probably buried in Bucharest, but the exact site remains a mystery. References

Sources

1657 births
1719 deaths
17th-century Greek physicians
17th-century Greek writers
18th-century Greek physicians
18th-century Greek writers
18th-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
Court physicians
People from Marmara Ereğlisi
University of Padua alumni
Latin–Greek translators
Translators to Greek
Tsardom of Russia people
History of Wallachia


title: Ian O'Brien

texts:
<mask>'Brien (born 3 March 1947) is an Australian breaststroke swimmer of the 1960s who won the 200 metre breaststroke at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo in world record time. He won five Commonwealth Games gold medals and claimed a total of nine individual and six relay titles at the Australian Championships, before retiring at the age of 21 due to financial pressures. After showing promise at an early age, O'Brien was sent to Sydney to train under renowned coach Forbes Carlile and his breaststroke assistant Terry Gathercole. He competed in his first national championships in 1962 at the age of 15, winning the 220 yard breaststroke to gain selection for the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Perth, where he won both the 110 and  breaststroke and the 4 × 110 yd medley relay. He won both breaststroke events at the 1963 Australian Championships, repeating the feat for the next three years. In 1964, O'Brien went to the Tokyo Olympics and came from third at the 150 m mark to win the gold medal. He added a bronze in the medley relay.O'Brien successfully defended both his breaststroke titles at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games in Kingston, Jamaica before retiring to support his family. Swimming officials persuaded him to make a comeback for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, as Australia did not have a breaststroker, and after a crash diet, he finished sixth in the 100 m event but failed to reach the final in the 200 m event. He then retired and went into the television industry. Early years
O'Brien grew up in the rural town of Wellington, 360 kilometres (225 miles) from Sydney. Neither of his parents were


title: Ian O'Brien

texts:
 Australia's best breaststroker, he was selected for the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. O'Brien joined the rest of the team for the national camp before the Olympics in Ayr in northern Queensland, where he trained under head coach Don Talbot.O'Brien described Talbot as a "slavedriver", but felt that the experience was invaluable. Olympic gold
Arriving in Tokyo, O'Brien was nominated in the 200 m event and the medley relay; the 100 m event was yet to be included in the Olympic program. The favourites for the 200 m breaststroke were Chet Jastremski of the United States—the world record holder—and Georgy Prokopenko of the Soviet Union. Gathercole had modelled O'Brien's technique on that of Jastremski, attempting to refine and smoothen it. Years after O'Brien retired, Harry Gallagher said that "<mask>'Brien has an almost faultless style and is a great example for Australian youngsters to copy". O'Brien was known for the strength that his torso generated, and his powerful kicks; sports science experiments showed that his vertical jump was especially strong. O'Brien was also known for his efficient start off the block.He often gained a lead of approximately a metre from his dive and underwater glide at the start, and was able to complete 50 m in 31.0 s.

During the final training sessions in Tokyo, Talbot organised time trials for the Australians, which were held in front of opposition swimmers in an attempt to intimidate them. O'Brien posted a time of 2 min 33 s, which Talbot felt had a negative psychological effect on O'Brien's opponents. When competition started, O'Brien swam an Olympic record to win the first heat by 2.0 s. He posted a


title: Marilyn Fogel

texts:
<mask> (born September 19, 1952) is an American geo-ecologist, currently working as a Professor of Geo-ecology at UC Riverside in Riverside, California. She is known for her work with stable isotope geochemistry, studying ancient climate, animal behavior, ecology, and astrobiology. <mask> has also served in many leadership roles, including Program Director at the National Science Foundation in geobiology and low-temperature geochemistry. She was the second female member of the Geophysical Laboratory and the first woman recipient of the Alfred Treibs Medal from the Geochemical Society for her work in organic geochemistry. Early life
<mask> was born on September 19, 1952 in Moorestown, New Jersey. In 1970 she enrolled at Penn State, where she majored in biology,  graduating in 1973 with a BS in biology with honors. Her research mentor, Given, helped her apply to UT-Austin for graduate school.She decided to take a gap year before starting grad school to travel Europe and start a jewelry business making pins. Academic career
At UT-Austin, <mask> worked with Drs. Chase Van Baalen, Patrick Parker, and F. Robert Tabita on her dissertation, titled “Carbon isotope fractionation by ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase from various organisms”. While in graduate school, she owned an ice cream truck to help cover expenses. She graduated in 1977 with a PhD in Botany and Marine Sciences, before continuing on to a postdoc at the Geophysical Lab at the Carnegie Institution of Washington from 1977 to 1979 under Dr. Thomas C. Hoering. Following her postdoc position, <mask> became a staff member at the Geophysical Lab in 1979 working in biogeochemistry, where she remained until 2012. She was only the second female staff member at the Geophysical Lab.While there, <mask> became a visiting scientist at Carnegie's Department of Plant Biology (1985-1986), a visiting professor at the Department of Earth Sciences at Dartmouth College (1995), a visiting professor at the Department of Geology at the University of

masks:
Marilyn Fogel
Fogel
Fogel
Fogel
Fogel
Fogel


title: Marilyn Fogel

texts:
 Maryland (2003-2005), and a Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Fellow (2003-2009). In 2012, she made the move from Carnegie in Washington DC to UC Merced in Merced, California to become a Professor in the School of Natural Sciences as well as the Chair of the Life and Environmental Sciences Unit. There, she taught courses on the fundamentals of ecology, biogeochemistry, stable isotope ecology, field ecology, and the anthropocene. In 2016, she moved to UC Riverside in Riverside, California, where she now resides as a Professor of Geo-ecology in the Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, and the Director of the EDGE (Environmental Dynamics & Geo-Ecology) Institute. Her research focuses on geo-ecology. Research
Stable isotope ratios vary as a result of many biological and abiotic processes in the environment, changing over time, location, organism, and environment. The field of isotope geochemistry largely relies upon these natural variations, and can be incorporated into biological, ecological, chemical, and geological studies.Using isotope ratios, often 2H/1H, 𝛿13C, the 15N/14N ratio, and 18O/16O, <mask> has studied modern and ancient ecosystems, and has begun to apply the same techniques to study extraterrestrial material in martian meteorites, helping to advance the field of astrobiology. Paleo-ecology and climate change
<mask> uses isotope ratios in ancient sediments and fossils to trace climate, diet, and species presence over time. In one study, she and collaborators used Genyornis newtoni eggshells in Australia ranging from 100,000 to 50,000 years of age to show that their extinction 50,000 years ago was likely due to human impact rather than climate changes. 40,000 years ago, Australia went through a dry period, as recorded in emu eggshells, but the extinction of Genyornis 50,000 years ago rather than 40,000 suggests that their extinction was likely unrelated to the drying. Using stable carbon isotopes, her group determined that Genyornis consumed nearly exclusively

masks: Fogel Fogel


title: Marilyn Fogel

texts:
 C3 plants, and that their cranial morphology indicated a browser reliant upon shrubland. Because it seems that the Genyornis diet is fairly restrictive, it is likely that the arrival of humans around 55,000 years ago and their burning of land may have caused some megafauna extinction as it changed the flora population. She has used similar techniques to study amino acids in the elephant birds of Madagascar and measure the isotope ratios in modern ostrich eggshells as a calibration tool for paleoenvironmental studies of Africa.Isotope ratios can also indicate species and diet characteristics in fossilized specimens. A Paleozoic fossil of Prototaxites has attracted attention dating back to 1859 due to its odd tree-like trunk measuring up to 8m long. Because the Paleozoic Era was one of drastic organismal shift, and the origin of vascular plants, it was previously unclear if Prototaxites were vascular plants or fungal species. However, a team of researchers, including <mask>, found the 𝛿13C of the species to be as much as 13‰ different from contemporaneous vascular plants, suggesting that Prototaxites are in fact heterotrophs, and more likely a fungus. Using carbon isotope ratios in prehistoric human bone collagen, <mask> was able to study the diet of ancient humans. North American humans were either primarily maize eaters, which is a C4 plant, or primarily hunter-gatherers, which contains more C3 plants. Using this knowledge, <mask> measured the 𝛿13C values of essential amino acids to indicate whether the ancient human populations consumed primarily maize or were hunter-gatherers.Similarly, she was able to measure the marine nitrogen presence in human skeletons on Easter Island to establish that they consumed large amounts of marine food, and used the 15N enrichment in infants to determine the length of nursing in prehistoric populations. Modern ecosystems
Isotopic ratios are often used to trace the flow of certain elements through environmental systems. "Tagging" a molecule with an

masks: Fogel Fogel Fogel


title: Marilyn Fogel

texts: unusual isotope can allow a researcher to study a specific molecule and follow it in ecosystems, a technique known as using environmental tracers. Beyond human tagged compounds, natural isotope abnormalities occur as a result of various biotic and abiotic processes, and can often be found to vary across regions and species. <mask> has used these variations as natural ways to track animal movements, diets, and environmental shifts, and has also investigated the specific mechanisms that lead to environmental isotope fractionation. As an example of a biotic fractionation event, respiration has led to an enrichment of 18O in the atmosphere relative to 16O. The isotopic ratio of 18O/16O is +23.5‰ relative to V-SMOW, and this ratio should also be observed in oxygen's consumption ratios.In one of the first major studies of plant oxygen consumption and fractionation, Guy, <mask>, and Berry defined the oxygen fractionation effects of various plant functions. They found that plants do not fraction oxygen isotopes in the photolysis of water in spinach thylakoids, but that they did discriminate against 18O during oxygen uptake by 21.3‰ during for the oxygenation of Rubisco in spinach and by 22.7‰ during the photorespiration of phosphoglycate by glycate oxidase. The fractionation during oxygen uptake in these two processes contribute strongly to the 18O/16O of the atmosphere, which is about 1.0235 times that of seawater. When it comes to tracing isotopes through the ecosystems, carbon-13 is often used. However, because plants contain such a large portion of the biomass, this tracer relies upon the assumption that the various components of plant tissues all contain the same isotopic ratios. Benner, <mask>, and Hodson proved that this isn't the case. Lignin, the main structural polymer in plants, was found to be depleted in 13C by 2-6‰ relative to the whole plant, and by 4-7‰ relative to the cellulose in saltwater cordgrass.This discovery suggests that, when using isotope tracers in the environment,


title: Marilyn Fogel

texts:
 it's important to compare similar types of molecules. Animal migration patterns can be traced as the isotope ratios fluctuate depending on their location to match their intake. <mask> has used carbon, nitrogen, and strontium isotope ratios to study African elephant diet and habitat use in the Amboseli Park in Kenya. Carbon isotope ratios vary by plant type, and so a change in carbon ratio of an elephant can indicate a shift in diet from trees to grasses. Strontium isotope ratios are reflected in the geologic age of bedrock, and so can be used as a tracer of the concentration of elephants within the park. In Great Gray Owls, migration is thought to cause a large amount of nutritional stress. Tracing the 15N/14N and 𝛿13C ratios in the birds' muscle tissues along with the contents of the birds' stomachs showed that nutritionally stressed owls were too weak to hunt, and at the brink of irreversible starvation as a result of their migration.Stable isotope ratios can also reveal diet specialization and shifts as specific carbon and nitrogen ratios are often indicative of groups of organisms. Using these ratios, <mask> has worked on diet studies on California sea otters, butterflies, blue crabs, killer whales, San Joaquin kit foxes, and bald eagles. These same techniques of isotope fractionation investigations have also been used to study human environmental impacts. Because organic sewage outflow is enriched in 15N, she and her collaborators have been able to study the impacts of human sewage on coral reef systems by drawing a correlation between the 15N/14N ratio and the percentage of diseased coral species, as well as the impacts of chicken houses on nearby ecosystems. Astrobiology
As a Team Member of the NASA Astrobiology Institute from 1998 to 2010, <mask> worked on the Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition team in addition to her own collaborative research. One such project focused upon organic matter in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites where they measured the amino acid presence in


title: Marilyn Fogel

texts:
 three meteorites. First, to make sure that the amino acids were extraterrestrial in origin, they measured the  𝛿13C values of the amino acids in the meteorites, which turned out to be significantly higher than the  𝛿13C value of amino acids on Earth, confirming that they were not contamination from Earth (+31.6‰ to +50.5‰ in the meteorites relative to -70‰ to 11.25‰ present on Earth).The team of researchers also found that two of the meteorites had the highest ever detected amino acid abundances, which may be because carbonaceous chondrites are the most primitive and least altered meteorites. Two of the meteorites also had a similar carbon isotope value to a meteorite measured previously, which may indicate a reservoir of the amino acids in the interstellar medium. In 2012,  Steele et al. announced that ten out of the eleven measured martian meteorites contained abiotic macromolecular organic carbon in high-temperature forming minerals (igneous rocks). Organic carbon presence inside of high-temperature forming minerals indicates that the martian magmas precipitated reduced carbon species during crystallization. These results supported an idea initially postulated by Hirshmann and Withers that the martian atmosphere was formed from a reduced mantle. The reducing conditions indicated by the meterotic carbon content tentatively supports abiotic production of methane on Mars.Academic service and honors
In 2012, <mask> was elected as a Fellow to the American Association for the Advancement of Science and given the Sigma Xi Distinguished Scientist Award from the UC Merced Chapter. Also in 2013, she was awarded the Alfred Treibs Medal in the Organic Geochemistry Division from the Geochemical Society, which recognizes major achievements over a career in organic geochemistry, named for Alfred. E. Treibs, the founder of organic geochemistry. She was the first woman to win this prize. From 2015 to 2016, <mask> served as the President to the Biogeosciences Section of the American Geophysical Union,

masks:
Marilyn Fogel
Fogel


title: Marilyn Fogel

texts:
 and became the Wilbur W. Mayhew Endowed Professor of Geo-Ecology at UC Riverside in 2016. <mask> served on numerous committees, including the Scientific Advisory Committee for the Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary from 1992 to 2005, the Committee on Origin and Evolution of Life for the Space Studies Board, National Research Council 2000–2002, the Advisory Committee for the Carnegie Institution Department of Global Ecology from 2003 to 2005, and the AGU Biogeosciences Fellows Selection Committee in 2013 and 2014. In 2003, she was elected a Fellow of the Geochemical Society and European Association of Geochemistry.She was a Fulbright Scholar to Norway in 2006, and awarded the Jubilee Medal of the Geological Society of South Africa in 2006. She served as the National Science Foundation Director of Geobiology and Low Temperature Geochemistry from 2009 to 2010. She has also received numerous fellowships including a Loeb Fellowship from 1999 to 2001, and a Mellon Fellowship from 2001 to 2003 from the Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. In 2018, <mask> was named a fellow of the American Geophysical Union. As a part of the NASA Astrobiology Institute from 1998 to 2010, she served on the Management Team (2004 to 2008) and then the Chief Scientist (2008) of the Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition (AMASE). Legacy

In June 2016, <mask> and her husband, Christopher Swarth, created the Marilyn Fogel Endowment Fund for Internships, which is geared towards providing support for young scientists to experience research for the first time. This endowment will allow high school and undergraduate students to conduct mentored internships at Carnegie's Geophysical Lab, where she worked for thirty three years, and the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism in Washington DC.References

1952 births
Living people
People from Moorestown, New Jersey
American geochemists
University of California, Riverside faculty
Eberly College of Science alumni
University of Texas at Austin College of Natural Sciences

masks:
Fogel
Fogel
Marilyn Fogel


title: Baltasar Brum

texts:
<mask>, GCTE (June 18, 1883 – March 31, 1933) was a Uruguayan political figure. He was President of Uruguay from 1919 to 1923. Background
His political convictions closely followed those of liberal President José Batlle y Ordóñez, under whom Brum served as Education Minister 1913–1915. He was Interior Minister from 1915–1916. Foreign Minister of Uruguay
<mask> subsequently served as Foreign Minister under the Presidency of Feliciano Viera; in the latter capacity, <mask> was noted for promoting good relations with the United States, which had joined World War I against Germany in 1917. <mask>'s period of office as Foreign Minister proved to be somewhat controversial. In the autumn of 1917, American warships sailed to the Argentine capital Buenos Aires and a delegation issued threats to the country's President Hipólito Yrigoyen, in relation to the country's neutrality, which the United States insisted should be more clearly focused as being pro-American.Yrigoyen refused to be bowed by such threats from a military delegation, whereupon the American ships sailed to Montevideo, where they were warmly welcomed by <mask>, in contrast to the guarded reception which the delegation had received in Buenos Aires. <mask> later travelled to the United States and was received by the Secretary of State. President of Uruguay
<mask> thus came to Presidential office in 1919 as one with a reputation as a pro-American facilitator of US interests. During <mask>'s Presidency, he was noted for pursuing economic stability, but on the political front faced significant opposition from both his own Colorado Party, and notably from Luis Alberto de Herrera of the Blanco, or National, Party. Nevertheless, several reforms were realized under Brum. Various laws were passed by the General Assembly “to contemplate the situation of the tenants punished by the great crisis.” A law of 1921 “was in charge of regulating the rental

masks:
Baltasar Brum Rodríguez
Brum
Brum
Brum
Brum
Brum
Brum
Brum


title: Baltasar Brum

texts:
 that the employer “who is in charge of the exploitation of industries or the performance of work of any kind, is civilly liable for all accidents that occur to his workers because of work or on the occasion of it,” was incorporated into legislation. The legislator made a long list of jobs and industries in which this principle was applicable “and added that the Executive Power could expand the payroll.” Domestic service was included in this reform. In the event of temporary disability, the worker would receive compensation equal to half of his salary, in the event of permanent partial disability a life annuity equal to half the reduction in salary, and in the event of absolute permanent disability a life annuity equal to two-thirds of the annual salary. In the event that the accident had caused death “the spouse would receive a life annuity of 20% of the salary and the minor children an annuity of 15% at 40% of annual salary depending on the number of children.” In 1919, a Public Utilities Pension Fund was established covering water, telephone, street car, telegraph, railway and gas-company workers. This provided protection against unemployment, death, disability and old age.In 1922, coverage of the Public Utilities Pension Fund was extended to include employees in medical-aid societies and in shipbuilding and repairs. A decree of the 14th of May 1920 provided specific regulations of working conditions for maritime work, while a law of the 13th of July 1921 provided for special loans by the Mortgage Bank for the building of workers’ houses. In 1921 over 100 houses were built by the government. Historical and literary interests
Beyond the strictly political, <mask> <mask> was noted for interests in Uruguayan history and folklore. During his Presidential term of office he took measures with a view to preserving and protecting the historic Fort of Santa Teresa in the Rocha Department and after

masks: Baltasar Brum


title: Baltasar Brum

texts:
 leaving office <mask> collaborated in the preparation of related literature. President Gabriel Terra's rule by decree and <mask>'s suicide
On March 31, 1933, on the installation of President Gabriel Terra's rule by decree, Brum attempted to lead resistance to Terra's government. After having increasingly realized during the course of that day that Terra's authoritarian rule enjoyed at least tacit support by many Uruguayans, Brum hurried into the middle of a road in Montevideo, was heard to shout "viva la libertad!viva Batlle!" (long live liberty! long live Batlle! ), and committed suicide by gunshot. He was aged 49 at the time of his death. To some observers, <mask> represented a self-sacrificing romantic streak within Uruguayan politics at a time when many Uruguayans were prepared tacitly to accept extrajudicial changes brought in by Terra. To others, <mask>'s spectacular suicide suggested the presence of elements of mental instability, which, however, was not medically proven.Family and heritage
His brother Alfeo <mask> later served as Vice President of Uruguay. Honours and Awards

National Honours
 A town in Artigas Department is named after him. Foreign Honours
:
  Grand Cross of the Order of the Tower and Sword (16 November 1922)

See also
 Politics of Uruguay
 List of political families#Uruguay
 Baltasar Brum, Artigas#Location and history

References

 :es:Fortaleza de Santa Teresa#Folclore y leyendas

External links
 Photo, showing <mask> <mask> on March 31, 1933, before he committed suicide later that day:

1883 births
1933 suicides
Uruguayan people of Portuguese descent
People from Artigas Department
Colorado Party (Uruguay) politicians
Presidents of Uruguay
Education and Culture Ministers of Uruguay
Foreign ministers of Uruguay
Protest-related deaths
Uruguay in World War I
Prime Ministers of Uruguay
Suicides by firearm in Uruguay
Burials at the Central Cemetery of

masks: Brum Brum Brum Brum Brum Baltasar Brum


title: Joseph Daley (jazz musician)

texts:
<mask> is an American educator, jazz musician, composer and arranger known for his work with the tuba, trombone and euphonium . Early life and as educator
Born in Harlem, Daley graduated The High School of Music & Art in 1967. He then continued to the Manhattan School of Music where he earned a bachelor's degree in Performance in 1972 and a master's degree in Music Education in 1973. From 1972- 1976 <mask> worked for the New York City Board of Education as Band Director at Wadleigh JHS 88 Harlem and associate director of Manhattan Borough-Wide Band. From 1976- 2005 he worked for the Englewood New Jersey Board of Education at Janis Dismus Middle School and Dwight Morrow High School. Listing of various assignments from 1976 to 2005: Concert Band Director, Marching Band director, Choral Director, Music Appreciation Teacher, Jazz Ensemble Director, Yamaha Electronic Keyboard Lab Teacher, Music Theory and Harmony Teacher, Subject Area Leader. Performing musician
During his career as an educator, he was also deeply involved in jazz as a composer, arranger and performer, working with a veritable Who's Who of jazz musicians such as Monguito Santamaria, Howard Johnson, Taj Mahal, Gli Evans.Sam Rivers, Jayne Cortez, Carla Bley, Edward Vesala, George Gruntz, Muhal Richard Abrams, Phil Haynes, Bill Cole, Ellery Eskelin, Alan Silva, Assif Tsahar, Dave Douglas, Taylor Ho Bynum, Joe Fonda, Bill Dixon, Reggie Nicholson, Warren Smith, Natalie Merchant, Anthony Braxton, Jason Kao Hwang, Marty Ehrlich and Michael

masks:
Joseph Peter Daley
Joseph


title: Joseph Daley (jazz musician)

texts:
 Gregory Jackson. His interest in musicology and music from around the world has resulted in collaborations with the Tuvan throat singers of Huun Huur Tu, Benin, Africa's Gangbe Brass Band, Kronos String Quartet and Natalie Merchant. <mask> has been a member of ensembles large and small including Howard Johnson and GRAVITY, Liberation Music Orchestra, Ebony Brass Quintet, Far East Side Band and Earth Tones Ensemble. <mask> Modine and the improvisational Tuba Trio. Composer
While <mask> has been composing music virtually all of his life, his first major published work was the ambitious and well received The Seven Deadly Sins, published as an album on CD in 2011 along with a tribute to his deceased brother Ballade for the Fallen African Warrior. In 2013 he followed up with The Seven Heavenly Virtues, then in 2014 Portraits: Wind, Thunder and Love which includes the multimovement suite Wispercussion: Five Portraits of Warren Smith and in 2015, The Tuba Trio Chronicles. Awards and honors
 National Endowment for the Arts Award for Music Composition, NJ Outstanding Teacher Recognition Award, MacDowell Colony Fellow, Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Fellow, Music Omni Fellow.The New York City Jazz Record Magazine (January, 2012) listed <mask> and The Earth Tones Ensemble "Best of 2011" in Debut and Large Ensemble categories for his debut album The Seven Deadly Sins. Discography

As leader
 The Seven Deadly Sins (Jaro, 2010)
The Seven Heavenly Virtues (JoDaMusic, 2013)
Portraits: Wind, Thunder and Love

masks:
Joseph
Josephmat
Joseph
Joseph Daley


title: Michael von Clemm

texts:
Dr <mask> (1935–1997) was an American businessman, restaurateur, anthropologist and President of Templeton College, Oxford. Although in one interpretation of his life, he was merely a high-flying banker, he could also have been said to have helped start the restaurant revolution in the UK of the 1980s, and to have been the original father of the Canary Wharf development. He helped found the London Eurodollar market, saving London's position as a global financial centre. He also made a huge impact in his work for charity and the English Speaking Union. All this despite his training being as a Professor of Anthropology. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Long Island, USA on March 18, 1935, the son of <mask>, a prominent German-American banker, and grandson of a former Citibank Vice-President. <mask> was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy (class of 1953) and Harvard University (anthropology), where he met his wife Louisa B. Hunnewell of Wellesley, MA.The couple left the USA at the end of the 1950s to study, and <mask> took a postgraduate course in anthropology at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, where he was awarded his Doctorate. As part of his studies, he had lived with the Wachagga tribe in Tanzania for 14 months. Academic life did not entirely suit him, however, and he tried his hand at journalism, with a stint on the Boston Globe as a reporter. He maintained an interest in anthropology throughout his career in banking. He was an assistant professor of anthropology at Harvard University from 1971–1972 and then when he transferred to London with CSFB, became Visiting Professor of Anthropology at the University of Sussex, earning the title Professor. <mask> did not use it while in banking, but occasionally his bank colleagues – and competitors – referred to him as Professor in a reference to his intellectual style. Roux Brothers

In 1967, Von Clemm borrowed $900 to help two young French brothers, Michel and Albert Roux, start a restaurant business.With their first enterprise,

masks:
Michael von Clemm
Von Clemm
Werner von Clemm
Michael
Michael
Von Clemm


title: Michael von Clemm

texts:
 Le Gavroche in London's Mayfair, they won first one, then two, and finally three Michelin stars, the first restaurant in the UK to do so. The Roux brothers have been credited with helping make London one of the world's best cities for eating, paving the way for other high quality restaurants which opened in their wake during the 1970s and 1980s. <mask> became Chairman of the Roux Restaurants Group and remained friends with the brothers. Banking career

In a career move away from academia, <mask> followed his father and grandfather to Citibank in 1963 where he gained a reputation for innovation – and dealmaking. He responsible for inventing several financial instruments and services. He found himself posted to London where he worked with a fellow American, Stanislas Yassukovich, at White Weld, on the development of the Eurodollar CD market. Citibank launched its first Eurodollar issues in 1966.However <mask> went back to Harvard Business School to lecture. In 1971, Yassukovich hired <mask> to join White Weld, first as a temporary consultant on the feasibility of a Euro-commercial paper market, which did not catch on. However in 1972 <mask> effectively gave up his academic career to concentrate on banking full-time. He had an aggressive style – for example on one occasion printing up T-shirts for staff which read Buy Bonds. He was also said to effectively bully clients into taking on the bank. When Credit Suisse took a 40% stake in White Weld, he rose rapidly to become a senior Director of the combined Bank. However, Merrill Lynch made a play for White Weld in 1978 and Credit Suisse needed a new partner.The existing Chairman Sir John Craven wanted Dillon (later Warburg Dillon Read). <mask> went behind his back and did a direct deal with First Boston. This prompted Craven's resignation. <mask> replaced Craven as Chairman of the newly formed Credit Suisse First Boston, and then additionally Chief Executive in 1979. Although often controversial in his decisions, and taking several large

masks:
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm


title: Michael von Clemm

texts:
 risks, he turned CSFB from a relatively staid bank to a global powerhouse, propelling it into the top leagues of global banking. He stepped away from his Chief Executive role in 1983 but remained Chairman until resigning in January 1986. <mask> was known for his enormous expense claims and dramatic personal style.He was a regular – practically weekly – user of Concorde – and counted some of the world's most powerful figures as his friends. However, he also made large profits for his bank and was regarded as one of the biggest rain-makers in the City. Creates original concept of Canary Wharf

In his capacity as Chairman of Roux restaurants, <mask> visited London Docklands in the early 1980s, in the company of London Docklands Development Corporation Chief Executive Reg Ward. He was looking for a site for a food processing plant and the old West India Docks on the Isle of Dogs seemed to be a sensible location. Billingsgate Market had already moved there from the City of London and the site was well linked with transport, land was relatively cheap and there were incentives available for regeneration projects. However, <mask> recognised the old 18th Century warehouses as similar to those in Boston which had been converted into shops, restaurants and flats – as well as office developments. In fact, there was a direct connection – the warehouses on both sides of the atlantic had been built at the same time to service the lucrative transatlantic trade in raw materials and manufactured goods.<mask> decided that a much more interesting use for the site would be as a back office for his bank. By the time he discussed this with his board, and in particular his buccaneering Kentuckian property adviser G Ware Travelstead, the idea had further developed into putting the front office of the bank on West India Docks, effectively creating a second financial services district in London. This idea later took shape as the Canary Wharf development, with CSFB both backing the scheme financially, and as one

masks:
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm


title: Michael von Clemm

texts:
 of the first tenants to move in. Post CSFB: Academic and charitable work

<mask> was made an Honorary Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford and later President of Templeton College, Oxford, which merged with Green College in 2008 to become Green Templeton College, Oxford. He was a former President of The English-Speaking Union for the USA, and Vice-Chairman of the organisation until his death. At the ESU he was credited with transforming the governance of the organisation. He was Vice-President of the City of London Archaeological Trust, and the US Foundation for the Protection of Archaeological Heritage.<mask> remained involved in business as Chairman of Capital Markets for Merrill Lynch, and as a Board member of companies including Hafslund Nycomed. Death and memorial

<mask> died in 1997, at age 62, in Wellesley, MA from a brain tumour. His friend Sir Richard Branson said at the time that <mask>'s doctors believed it was due to excessive mobile phone use – <mask> had been an early adopter of the technology and was a constant user of his mobile. After <mask>'s death, the Michael Von Clemm Foundation continued his interests. Among other things, the Foundation supports a Fellowship at Harvard University for final year Oxford University students, and a Fellowship at Oxford for Harvard students. There is a relief sculpture of <mask> <mask> in Cabot Square at Canary Wharf, sculpted by Gerald Laing and unveiled by Eddie George in 1998 to commemorate his involvement in the Canary Wharf scheme. External links
 Article about <mask> Clemm
 Euromoney on his departure from CSFB in 1986
 Notice from ESU on his death
 Article about possible death from Mobile Phone Use
Phillips Exeter Alumni/ae

1935 births
1997 deaths
Presidents of Templeton College, Oxford
Fellows of Green Templeton College, Oxford
Fellows of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
Harvard College alumni
Harvard University faculty
Academics of the University of

masks:
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Von Clemm
Michael Von
Clemm
Michael Von


title: Walter Schönenbröcher

texts:
<mask> (born 1964 in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) is a German photographer and filmmaker. Life and work
<mask> was born in 1964 in Bergisch Gladbach and grew up in Cologne, where he received his general qualifications for university entrance in 1983. From 1984 to 1990 he studied mathematics and economic sciences at RWTH Aachen and the Technical University of Berlin, which he stopped when he founded his first IT company. From 1988 to 2014 he was the managing partner of an internet group with several companies. In 2010 <mask> took up photography. He moved from early nature and architectural photography to portrait photography, taking on jobs for public figures from film, music, politics, sports and business. Those portrayed included Urs Rechn, Ottfried Fischer, Alice Brauner, Alexander Knappe, Kathrin Clara Jantke, Helmfried von Lüttichau, John Friedmann, Roman Roth, Micky Brühl Band, Elin Kolev, Simon Desue, Albert Travato, Hans Scheuerecker, Dirk Rohrbach, Holger Kelch, Evan Christ and many more.From 2010 to 2016 <mask> grew his portfolio at Vogue Italia to over 230 pictures and his work was honored with a total of ten "BEST OF" titles. In early 2011, in addition to other art projects, he started the historical documentation series HANDwerk, which documents rare and endangered trades. In 2016 the state of Brandenburg supported this photo spread with a national traveling exhibition in connection with the Brandenburg Year of Culture. The works will be displayed next in the Brandenburg state parliament as well as in several unique Brandenburg

masks:
Walter Schönenbröcher
Walter Schönenbröcher
Walter Schönenbröcher
Walter Schönenbröcher


title: Walter Schönenbröcher

texts:
 museums. The project now includes over 45 trades and more than 600 works. In September 2016 he married German composer and singer Kathrin Clara Jantke whom he has been living within Cottbus, Germany since 2013. Since 2017 <mask> is also a filmmaker again.He produces with his company WHITESTAG several virtual reality film series and short films using stereoscopic 360 ° film technology. Among them is also the cinematic continuation of his contemporary historical documentary HANDwerk with which he received the insta360 Award in 2018 and 2019 nominations at international film festivals (Nashville Film Festival 2019, FIVARS 2019, nextreality.contest 2019, London Lift-Off Film Festival 2019). Since 2018 <mask>cher has also been producing a virtual reality film series "Artists up close", in which he portrays art prize winners on film. Among them are well-known artists such as Günther Rechn, Matthias Körner, Kani Alavi, Hans-Georg Wagner, Chris Hinze, Jörg Engelhardt, Rita Grafe u.a. This documentary won several international awards at international film festivals such as Los Angeles (USA), Kolkata (India), Barcelona (Spain), Punhaka (Buthan), Tagore (India), Sydney (Australia), Jaisalmer (India) and Varese (Italy). (Germany): Craftsmanship (Solo exhibition)
 2016: Museum of Schloss Doberlug (Germany): Craftsmanship (Solo exhibition)
 2016: Old Gymnasium Neuruppin (Germany): Craftsmanship (Solo exhibition)
 2016: Technische Hochschule Wildau (Germany): Craftsmanship (Solo exhibition)
 2016: Kloster Neuzelle (Germany): Craftsmanship (Solo exhibition)

masks:
Walter Schönenbröcher
Walter Schönenbrö


title: Mihai Stelescu

texts:
<mask> (1907 – July 16, 1936) was a Romanian political activist. Biography

With the Iron Guard
Born in Galați, he joined, while still in high school, the Legion of the Archangel Michael (later also known as the Iron Guard), an ultra-nationalist, Fascist, and anti-Semitic political movement led by Corneliu Zelea Codreanu. A prominent activist in his native Covurlui County, jailed more than once for his activism, he was awarded the White Cross (Crucea Albă), the movement's highest distinction, and eventually became Codreanu's lieutenant. In 1932, he was one of five members of the Legion to be elected to Parliament on the lists of the Corneliu Codreanu Grouping; he was also the youngest member of the Parliament at the time. <mask>, together with Codreanu, General Gheorghe Cantacuzino-Grănicerul, Nichifor Crainic, and others, was tried for criminal conspiracy following the assassination of Prime Minister Ion G. Duca — all were acquitted by a jury comprising Legion sympathisers. In September 1934, for mysterious reasons, <mask> was investigated by a party jury under the leadership of Cantacuzino-Grănicerul; expelled, he is thought to have broken away from the Legion before the actual verdict. As a consequence, in 1935, he created his own political movement, originally called the White Eagles (Vulturii Albi), but later known as the Crusade of Romanianism (Cruciada Românismului), and began publishing a weekly magazine of the same name, in which he fiercely attacked Codreanu and the Legion.Dissidence and controversy
There are conflicting accounts of what caused <mask>'s dissidence. According to the

masks:
Mihai Stelescu
Stelescu
Stelescu
Stelescu


title: Mihai Stelescu

texts: Legion's version (published much later by Codreanu's successor, Horia Sima) <mask> was motivated by envy of Codreanu, and had even plotted to assassinate him; moreover, through his wife's relatives, he had made contact with political operators close to King Carol II, who, as the foremost opponent of the Legion, encouraged and supported his action. Other sources have alleged that <mask> had even been an agent of Siguranța Statului, a hypothesis relying on a statement of the writer Panait Istrati, who was a sympathiser of Cruciada Românismului; he reportedly told the writer Alexandru Talex that <mask> was "the man of those who keep me under surveillance" (a likely reference to Romanian authorities, suspicious of Istrati's earlier communist activism). However, the Legionnaires bitterly hated <mask> as an apostate, and that the details of the plot to assassinate Codreanu are hardly credible; at that time, the King would probably have supported anything that promised to reduce the Legion's growth and influence. The dissidence may have been precipitated by the fact that Codreanu had assigned Cantacuzino-Grănicerul, rather than <mask>, to lead the Legion's legal front, the All for the Fatherland Party (Partidul Totul pentru Țară), the political expression of the Legion at the time. It is, however, more likely that <mask>'s motivations were primarily political: <mask>, together with the more radical sections of the Guard, was arguably disenchanted with Codreanu's attempt focus on attempts to obtain legal power. At the same time, there is evidence that Stelescu questioned Codreanu's unconditional

masks: Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu


title: Mihai Stelescu

texts:
 support for Nazi Germany (to which he preferred Italian fascism).According to Grigore Traian Pop, who cites another piece of writing by <mask>, this was not the case, <mask> having become an adversary of both Nazism and Italian fascism. <mask> also attacked the Guard's leader for maintaining secret contacts with the authorities and receiving bribes and subsidies, claiming that, in 1935, during the repression of the Guard, the leader had taken refuge in the residence of a female relative of Elena Lupescu, the King's mistress — "While everybody was staying in Jilava, and in other prisons, you were being sheltered by a lady. She was a person adverse to your action. How did you get along so well?". He also challenged Codreanu's public image by suggesting that the Guard's leader was in reality a bon viveur, as well as uncultured and a plagiarist. On one occasion, he defied Codreanu's violent methods, writing an open letter stating: "[If I am to be killed,] I ask for one indulgence, let the 'Chief' in person come [and do it], and, if possible, not in the back". Crusade of Romanianism

The Crusade of Romanianism was a nationalist and eclectic organisation, presenting a more leftist and social colouring (its political programme included such items as decent wages, a mandatory 8-hour work day, and pensions for invalid workers) than other right-wing organisations of that time.<mask>'s dissidence may be compared to those of Otto Strasser or Manuel Hedilla. According to Talex, <mask> had the will to make a party. Istrati probably contributed to balancing the ideologies in the Crusade'''s discourse. <mask>

masks: Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu Stelescu


title: Mihai Stelescu

texts:
 received support from a small number of well-known personalities (the Romanian Army officer Nicolae Rădescu, alongside Talex and Istrati), but few Legionnaires joined him. The dissidence's overall impact on the movement was minor, although the Legion did later adopt some of the social aspects of <mask>'s programme. Faced with lack of appeal, the group adhered to the Constitutional Front, a nationalist electoral alliance formed around the National Liberal Party-Brătianu and Alexandru Averescu's People's Party (it also included for some time the short-lived Citizen Bloc, presided by Grigore Forțu). Killing
In 1936, <mask> was admitted to the Spitalul Brâncovenesc, a Bucharest hospital, for an appendectomy.While recovering, he was found by the Decemviri (the "Ten Men"), a Legionnaire death squad led by Ion Caratănase and probably created in 1935 in Târgu Mureș (during a youth congress tolerated by the Gheorghe Tătărescu executive). According to the Legion's version, the assassins riddled his body with some 200 bullets, after which they left the hospital unmolested and surrendered voluntarily to the police. The alternative version claims that the assassins fired some 120 bullets (other sources point a number as low as 38), after which they attacked the cadaver with hatchets or axes, and danced around it until the police arrived. The rumors, disseminated right after the murder, that members of the death squad had engaged in acts of cannibalism, are unfounded. While officially both Codreanu and the Decemviri claimed that action had taken place without Codreanu's knowledge or consent, the probability

masks: Stelescu Stelescu


title: Mihai Stelescu

texts:
 remains highly unlikely; furthermore, Codreanu personally awarded each one of them the White Cross while they were kept in prison. Notes

References
 Ion Alexandrescu, Ion Bulei, Ion Mamina, and Ioan Scurtu (1995) Partidele politice din România, 1862–1994: Enciclopedie, Bucharest, Editura  Mediaprint,  (in Romanian)
 Neagu Cosma (1998) Culisele Palatului Regal, Ediție revăzută și adăugită, Bucharest, Editura Globus. (in Romanian)
 Victoria Gabriela Gruber, Summary of Partidul Național Liberal (Gheorghe Brătianu) (PDF file)
 Radu Ioanid (1990) The Sword of the Archangel: Fascist Ideology in Romania, East European Monographs, No.292, Boulder, New York, East European Monographs,
 Șerban N. Ionescu (1994) Who Was Who in Twentieth-Century Romania, Boulder, New York: East European Monographs, No. 395,
 Z. Ornea (1995) Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească, Bucharest, Ed. Fundației Culturale Române,  (in Romanian)
 Grigore Traian Pop, "Cînd disidența se pedepsește cu moartea. Un asasinat ritual: <mask> <mask>", in Dosarele Istoriei, 6/IV (1999)
 Francisco Veiga (1993) Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919-1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului, Bucharest, Humanitas (Romanian-language version of the 1989 Spanish edition La mística del ultranacionalismo (Historia de la Guardia de Hierro) Rumania, 1919–1941'', Bellaterra: Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, )

1907 births
1936 deaths
People from Galați
Members of the Iron Guard
20th-century Romanian politicians
Leaders of political parties in Romania
People assassinated by the Romanian Iron Guard
Deaths by firearm in Romania
People murdered in

masks: Mihail Stelescu


title: Václav Luks

texts:
<mask> (born 14 November 1970) is a Czech harpsichordist, horn player, conductor, musicologist and pedagogue, founder and artistic director of the Prague baroque orchestra Collegium 1704 and of the vocal ensemble Collegium Vocale 1704. He specialises in Baroque music, especially in the works of Jan Dismas Zelenka, Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, and others. His activities have played an important role in reviving interest in the works of Czech composers including Zelenka and Josef Mysliveček. Education
<mask> studied at the Pilsen Conservatoire in classes of French horn and piano and at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague; in 1992, he resumed his studies at the Schola Cantorum Basiliensis in the studios of Jörg-Andreas Bötticher and Jesper Christensen (in the fields of historical keyboard instruments and historical performance practice), graduating as a soloist in 1997. During his studies in Basel and in the years that followed, he gave concerts in Europe and overseas as the principal horn player of the Akademie für Alte Musik in Berlin. Collegium 1704 and Collegium Vocale 1704
Upon his return from abroad, <mask> transformed a chamber ensemble which he founded during his studies into the Prague baroque orchestra Collegium 1704 and the affiliated vocal ensemble Collegium Vocale 1704: the most immediate impulse was the project Bach — Prague — 2005, initiated by <mask> himself. Since 2007, the ensemble has been making regular guest appearances at festivals and concert halls all over Europe: the Salzburger Festspiele (2015, 2016, 2018), the Berliner Philharmonie, London’s Wigmore Hall, Vienna’s Theater an der Wien and Konzerthaus, the Lucerne Festival, BOZAR (Palais des Beaux-Arts) in Brussels, the Chopin Festival in Warsaw, Wratislavia Cantans, and the Elbphilharmonie, and it is an ensemble-in-residence at the festival Oude

masks:
Václav Luks
Luks
Luks
Luks


title: Václav Luks

texts:
 Muziek in Utrecht and at the Leipzig Bachfest.In 2008, Music Bridge Prague — Dresden began, bringing together the two cities’ wealth of cultural traditions. In 2012 Collegium 1704 started a concert series at the Rudolfinum in Prague. Since autumn 2015, the two cycles have been merged into a single concert season that continues to take place in parallel in Prague and Dresden. In 2019 Collegium Vocale 1704 launched a series of chamber choir concerts in Prague. The ensemble cooperates with prominent soloists, both Czech and international, including Magdalena Kožená, Bejun Mehta, Simona Houda-Šaturová, Martina Janková, Hana Blažíková, Karina Gauvin, Lisandro Abadie, and others. Work with other ensembles
In addition to his work with Collegium 1704, <mask> <mask> also collaborates with international ensembles including Camerata Salzburg, the Akademie für Alte Musik in Berlin, La Cetra Barockorchester Basel, and the Dresdner Kammerchor. Amongst his recent projects have been performances of Purcell’s opera Dido and Aeneas with Ensemble Pygmalion at the Festival d’Aix-en-Provence and a programme with works by Polish composers with the ensemble Orkiestra Historyczna.At a benefit concert for the restoration of the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris, <mask> <mask> conducted the Orchestre nationale de France. Teaching
Between 1996 and 1999, <mask> taught basso continuo at the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague, and in 2001–2003 he lectured at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater “Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy” in Leipzig. He has also worked with the Janáček Academy of Music in Brno and he is regularly invited to sit on juries of international competitions (Schmelzer-Wettbewerb Melk, Prague Spring 2012). Opera and theatre
In 2009/2010, Collegium 1704 under <mask>'s baton performed Handel's Rinaldo at the National Theatre in Prague at Théâtre de Caen, Opéra

masks: Václav Luks Václav Luks Luks Luks


title: Václav Luks

texts:
 de Rennes, and Grand Théâtre du Luxembourg. In 2013, they performed Josef Mysliveček’s opera L’olimpiade and the production was nominated for the 2014 International Opera Awards. In 2017, they followed with Antonio Vivaldi’s Arsilda, regina di Ponto in its modern-era world premiere, directed by David Radok - the premiere took place at the Slovak National Theatre in Bratislava and the production toured several European citites, including Opéra de Lille, Théâtre de la ville de Luxembourg, Théâtre de Caen, and Opéra Royale de Versailles. Film projects
In 2014 Collegium 1704 led by <mask> collaborated with Bejun Mehta on a DVD of Gluck’s opera Orfeo ed Euridice with the stage director Ondřej Havelka, and with Rolando Villazón on the making of the BBC 2 documentary Mozart in Prague.The ensemble took part in making the director Petr <mask>’s upcoming epic film Il Boemo about the life of Josef Mysliveček, and previously in the director's documentary about Mysliveček, Confessions of the Vanished. Cooperation with radio stations
Václav Luks works in cooperation with a number of broadcasting networks such as Deutschlandradio Berlin, Schweizer Radio DRS, the Austrian Broadcasting Company (ÖRF), and Radio France and with music publishers including Supraphon, Pan Classics, Zig-Zag Territoires, Arta, and Accent. 4 (PAN Classics, 2001)

References

External links
Václav Luks on the Collegium 1704 official website
 Václav Luks on France Musique
 Václav Luks on the BBC
 Bach & Zelenka: Jan Dismas Zelenka: "Te Deum" [ZWV 146 - Collegium 1704/ Luks (20.08.11) (1of2) (YouTube)

1970 births
Living people
People from Rakovník
Czech conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
Czech musicologists
Czech harpsichordists
Czech music educators
20th-century conductors (music)
21st-century conductors (music)
20th-century Czech male musicians
21st-century Czech male

masks: Luks Václav


title: John Jorgenson

texts:
<mask> (born July 6, 1956) is an American musician. Although best known for his guitar work with bands such as the Desert Rose Band and The Hellecasters, he is also proficient on the mandolin, mandocello, Dobro, pedal steel guitar, piano, upright bass, clarinet, bassoon, and saxophone. While a member of the Desert Rose Band, he won the Academy of Country Music's "Guitarist of the Year" award three consecutive years. <mask> has recorded or toured with <mask>, Tommy Emmanuel, The Byrds, Bob Dylan, Bob Seger, Willie Nelson, <mask>, Emmylou Harris, Hank Williams Jr., Barbra Streisand, Luciano Pavarotti, Roy Orbison, Patty Loveless, Michael Nesmith, <mask>, and Bonnie Raitt. Early years
He was born in 1956 in Madison, Wisconsin, into a musical family. His mother was a piano teacher and his father an orchestra conductor and college music professor. <mask> has played professionally since the age of fourteen, and had been playing both the piano and clarinet since age eight.When <mask> was one, he and his family moved to Redlands, California. <mask> attended high school in Redlands, California, graduating in May 1974. He eventually attended the University of Redlands, majoring in woodwind performance. One of his early bands in this period was named Rocking Pneumonia, c. 1971. In his early 20s he played full-time at Disneyland, playing clarinet with the Main Street Maniacs (Dixieland), mandolin with the Thunder Mountain Boys (bluegrass) and guitar with the Rhythm Brothers (Django Reinhardt style swing). These three groups were composed of the same four members, who changed costumes and music styles at intervals throughout each day. Later years
In 1993 <mask> formed the guitar trio the Hellecasters with Will Ray and guitarist Jerry Donahue of Fairport Convention.Intended as a temporary collaboration, the Hellecasters went on

masks:
John Richard Jorgenson
Jorgenson
Elton John
Johnny Cash
John Prine
Jorgenson
Jorgenson
Jorgenson
Jorgenson


title: John Jorgenson

texts:
 to release several albums during the 1990s. Their debut, Return of the Hellecasters (1993) won both "Album of the Year" and "Country Album of the Year" from Guitar Player magazine. In 1994 he was invited to join <mask>'s band for an 18-month tour. He remained with the band for the next six years, performing both live and in the studio, occasionally on saxophone. In 2002 he played bass guitar in the All-star Bluegrass Celebration in Nashville. Two years later he portrayed jazz guitarist Django Reinhardt in the film Head in the Clouds. <mask> collaborated with Brad Paisley, James Burton, Vince Gill, Albert Lee, Brent Mason, Redd Volkaert and Steve Wariner on the song "Cluster Pluck", on Paisley's album Play (2009).The song won a Grammy Award in the Best Country Instrumental Performance category. He is a patron for Guitar-X (Tech Music Schools) in London, where he regularly visits to hold master classes. He is also a patron for Le QuecumBar, the world's only music venue dedicated to Gypsy swing in London. His gypsy jazz ensemble, <mask> Quintet includes Doug Martin (rhythm guitar), Jason Anick (violin), Simon Planting (bass), and Rick Reed (percussion). Custom guitars

G&L Guitars made a very few signature <mask>nson ASAT guitars in Silver Sparkle with Silver Sparkle Pickguard, rosewood fretboard and Black ASAT Pickups in 1995. Fender made signature guitar models for Jorgensen in 1997 and 1998. The Fender Limited Edition John Jorgenson Hellecaster was made in Japan in 1997.It features a black sparkle-finished maple body, vintage-tinted, high-gloss maple neck with reversed large-style Strat headstock, rosewood fretboard with gold sparkle dot inlays, 22 jumbo frets and Schaller locking tuners. Refinements included three Seymour Duncan custom-voiced, split-coil, hum-cancelling pickups which allow players to get

masks:
Elton John
Jorgenson
John Jorgenson
John Jorge


title: John Jorgenson

texts: controlled feedback in distortion mode and a custom-wired, five-way pickup selector switch with an additional push/pull control allowing seven tone variations. Other touches included a custom two-pivot-point tremolo, a Wilkinson "Wilkaloid" self-lubricating nut, gold sparkle pickguard and gold hardware. The Fender John Jorgenson Signature Custom Korina Telecaster was made at the Fender Custom Shop in 1998, sporting a solid Korina body, a maple neck with pearloid dot inlays and a 25.5" scale length, African rosewood or an ebony on black finish fretboard with 22 Dunlop 6130 frets. Other features included dual side-by-side Telecaster humbucking pickups, a modified vintage style Tele bridge, a special custom five-way pickup switching featuring five different combinations (each in humbucking mode), 1.688" width at the nut and Sperzel Trimlok locking tuners. In 1994, he became the third artist to have a custom signature series guitar built by Takamine Guitars. The JJ325SRC and the twelve-string JJ325SRC-12, born from the EF325SRCA, feature a spruce top with bubinga back and sides in a gloss red satin finish, a rosewood fretboard on a mahogany neck with his signature J.J. inlay on the 12th fret, and gold tubes with white pearloid knobs.The most recent <mask> signature guitar is the Fret-King FKV25JJ in Arcadian and Versailles Green. Designed in conjunction with Trev Wilkinson, the guitar is packed with a whole host of features including a chambered body, three self-intonating brass saddles, a matched, calibrated set of Wilkinson WVT pickups and two auxiliary ‘ghost’ coils which provide both hum-cancelling and classic single coil tones at the turn of a dial, thanks to the unique ‘Vari-coil’ control. <mask>'s Fret-King signature model will be joined by the FKV25JCAR in Candy Apple Red in 2019. 2019 will also see both

masks:
John Jorgenson
John


title: John Jorgenson

texts:
 Fret-King Jorgenson models shift from chambered to solid body construction. (Warner Bros., 2000)
 Lisa Brokop, Undeniable (Cosmo, 2000)
 Brooks & Dunn, Red Dirt Road (Arista, 2003)
 Mary Chapin Carpenter, Come On Come On (Columbia, 1992)
 Steph Carse, Steph Carse (H2E, 2000)
 Carlene Carter, Little Love Letters (Giant, 1993)
 Carlene Carter, Little Acts of Treason (Giant, 1995)
 Lionel Cartwright, Chasin' the Sun (MCA, 1991)
 Beth Nielsen Chapman, Look (Sanctuary, 2004)
 <mask>wan, Sixty (Compass, 2014)
 Jesse Dayton, Hey Nashvegas! (Stag, 2001)
 Levi Dexter, Pomp! Wham Bam Sam (Curb, 1996)
 Chely Wright, Never Love You Enough (MCA, 2001)
 Chely Wright, Lifted Off the Ground (Vanguard, 2010)
 Trisha Yearwood, Jasper County (MCA, 2005)
 Trisha Yearwood, Prizefighter: Hit After Hit (Gwendolyn/RCA 2014)

References

External links
 Official website
 John Jorgenson Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2018)

1956 births
Living people
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American pianists
American bassoonists
American clarinetists
American country guitarists
American double-bassists
Male double-bassists
American jazz guitarists
American male guitarists
American multi-instrumentalists
American rock guitarists
American saxophonists
American male saxophonists
Cleopatra Records artists
The Desert Rose Band members
Grammy Award winners
Gypsy jazz guitarists
Musicians from Madison, Wisconsin
Musicians from Ventura County, California
University of Redlands alumni
21st-century saxophonists
Jazz musicians from California
American male pianists
Guitarists from California
Country musicians from California
21st-century American pianists
21st-century double-bassists
21st-century clarinetists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
The Hellecasters members
Elton


title: Erik Deutsch

texts:
<mask> is an American pianist, keyboardist, composer, arranger, bandleader, and educator. He leads his own band Outlaw Jazz and was a founding member of Fat Mama. <mask> is also known for his work with Charlie Hunter, Leftover Salmon, Dixie Chicks, Shooter Jennings, and Citizen Cope. Early life
<mask> was born in Washington D.C. in 1976. Influenced at an early age by his grandfather (a professional musician), his father (a barroom pianist), and his opera-singing nanny. Deutsch began taking Suzuki piano lessons at Vanderbilt University. After his family relocated to Nashville he studied piano with Tom Koester.In 1985 <mask> won a school song writing contest that led to his first gig at the Country Music Hall of Fame. While attending High School in Potomac, MD, Deutsch frequented the jazz clubs of Washington D.C. Upon arriving at the University of Colorado Boulder in the fall 1995 he began lessons with pianists Art Lande and joined Fat Mama, a modern jazz/rock/fusion ensemble. Career

2000s
After completing his degree from CU in piano performance, Deutsch stayed in Boulder developing a busy career as a performer and teacher. County Road X, a cinematic Americana ensemble, released two records during this period, County Road X (2002) and From Seed to Stone (2004). Triangle, a piano trio led by <mask>'s musical mentor Art Lande (on drums), released Three Sides to a Question in 2004. He taught and accompanied students frequently and was an adjunct faculty member at the Naropa University.In the summer of 2005 <mask> moved to Brooklyn, New York, where he worked at the Queens College, City University of New York Saturday jazz program and in The Bronx public school as a dance accompanist. In 2007 he joined the Charlie Hunter Trio. His tenure with Hunter lasted 3 years, involving extensive touring all over Europe, Asia, and Africa. They recorded Mistico with drummer Simon Lott and Baboon Strength with drummer Tony Mason. Deutsch released his first two records as a leader towards the end of the decade. 2007's Fingerprint features fellow Coloradans

masks:
Erik Deutsch
Deutsch
Deutsch
Deutsch
Deutsch
Deutsch


title: Erik Deutsch

texts:
 Ron Miles, Jenny Scheinman, Todd Sickafoose, Allison Miller, Janet Feder and Ross Martin. In a review of 2009's Hush Money The Boston Globe makes mention of the "unmistakable traces of the Alpine air and sweeping CinemaScope views" within Deutsch's music.These efforts also earn him his first feature in Downbeat Magazine. 2010s
In 2011 <mask> collaborated with long-time associate Shooter Jennings for two records, Family Man and The Other Life. Inevitably other similar collaborations ensued including work with Rosanne Cash, John Leventhal, Shelby Lynne, Allison Moorer, Norah Jones, Bob DiPiero and Jim Campilongo. 2012 marked the release of <mask>’s third release as a leader, Demonio Teclado revealing a new psychedelic soul jazz sound. In 2014, Deutsch released Outlaw Jazz a critically acclaimed record fusing his brand of jazz with elements of country. In 2016, Deutsch joined Colorado based jam band Leftover Salmon. His four-year stint as a full-time member included over 400 shows and the release of three records.<mask> released his first solo piano album Creatures in 2016. Downbeat Magazine critic Allan Drouot wrote, "<mask>'s pieces are imbued with the same mournfulness and simplicity that inhabits Satie's piano music." In 2018 <mask> released another large group project entitled Falling Flowers. 2020s and Mexico
Since 2015, <mask> has hosted a weekly bi-lingual radio show called the Sounds of Brooklyn and Beyond with co-host Sara Valenzuela. The program airs on Jalisco Radio in Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, and Ciudad Guzman and is available as a podcast on iTunes and Spotify. In 2019 <mask> relocated to Colonia Roma Norte in Mexico City. In 2020, <mask> joined The Chicks (formerly Dixie Chicks) as the full-time touring keyboardist.Deutsch released Live at LunÁticoand an improvised solo 7” LP on Piquinique Recordings entitled Chrysanthemum as well as a new project with banjoist Andy Thorn entitled Tangled Sea. Awards and honors
<mask> has been nominated consecutively in Downbeat Magazine Critic's Poll Rising Star organ category since

masks: Deutsch Deutsch Deutsch Deutsch Deutsch Deutsch Deutsch Deutsch Deutsch


title: Fiamma Nirenstein

texts:
<mask> (born 18 December 1945 in Florence) is an Italian-Israeli journalist, author and politician. In 2008 she was elected to the Italian Parliament for Silvio Berlusconi's The People of Freedom party and she served as Vice President of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Chamber of Deputies for the length of the legislature, ending in March 2013. On 26 May 2013 she went to Israel (made Aliyah). In 2015, <mask> was nominated by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as the future ambassador to Italy, but subsequently withdrew for what she stated were personal reasons. She is Senior Fellow of Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA) and currently works there, at the Israeli-based think-tank of JPCA. She is moreover a leading columnist for the Italian daily Il Giornale and contributes articles in English to the Jewish News Syndicate. She is also on the Board of ISGAP and of the WJC.She lives now in Jerusalem with frequent visits to Italy. Background
<mask>'s father, <mask>, came to Italy as part of the Jewish brigade. There he met his future wife Wanda Lattes, who was a partisan in the resistance. Nirenstein's parents, as distinguished journalists, were remembered in Italy with the title of the Borgo Allegri garden in Florence which in 2019 was called "Giardino Wanda Lattes and Alberto Nirenstein". She grew up in a Florentine Jewish family with different political views. She began to alter her views after the Six Day War, when Israel conquered the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and she found herself in disagreement with her communist friends, who considered that Israel had become an occupying power. During the Six Day War, she was in Kibbutz Neot Mordechai, in northern Israel.Though he signed a protest against Israel's war in Lebanon, her views have since changed since, she suggests, Israel has gained nothing from its withdrawal from that country. In 1993 and 1994 <mask> directed the Cultural Institute of the Italian Embassy in Tel Aviv. Political career

In

masks:
Fiamma Nirenstein
Nirenstein
Nirenstein
Alberto Nirenstein
Nirenstein


title: Fiamma Nirenstein

texts:
 Italy
Silvio Berlusconi and his ally, Gianfranco Fini, the former leader of Alleanza Nazionale, Italy's conservative party, invited Nirenstein to become a candidate for their joint list Il Partito della Liberta ("The Party of Liberty") for the April 2008 national elections. During her campaign for a seat in Liguria, she did not talk at rallies about local issues, but rather concentrated on expounding her belief that Israel was in the vanguard of Western democracies in the battle against Islamic terrorism. In her view, the most important thing for Italians in grasping their national identity was to stand by the side of Israel. In general, through her political career, Nirenstein aimed to contribute to an anti-terrorist, pro-Israeli and Atlantic Alliance, which advocated the values of the culture of human rights. Elected Member of the Italian Parliament, she served as Vice President of the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Chamber of Deputies for the entire XVIth legislature, ending in March 2013.She was also a member of the Italian delegation to the Council of Europe, where she represented Italy in the Network for the fight against violence on children. Nirenstein also established and chaired the Committee for the Inquiry into Antisemitism of the Italian Parliament. During her parliamentary activity, she had a particular focus on Israel, human rights, international controversies, democratization in the Middle East and awareness of Iran's nuclear capabilities. Among the most significant activities during her parliamentary activity there are the letter to the Ambassador of Syria in Italy, Khaddur Hasan, to stop the repression of the Assad regime, signed by 50 parliamentarians belonging to all political groups and various parliamentary questions including the question to the Foreign Affairs Committee of May 4, 2011 on the ongoing repression in Syria. Professional career as journalist and writer
<mask> is an expert of the Middle East conflicts, terrorism,


title: Fiamma Nirenstein

texts:
 anti-Semitism, human rights and her activities deals with the great changes that are taking place within the Middle East democratization process. The pivotal focus and underlying idea that runs through all <mask> <mask>'s work is the fight against totalitarianism and terrorism as connected to antisemitism and hate for Israel. Journalism
<mask> is a leading columnist for the conservative Italian daily "Il Giornale".From 1991 to 2006, she has been correspondent from Israel for "La Stampa" daily and the Berlusconi-owned "Panorama" weekly. She also wrote for the newspaper Grazia and was the founder of the monthly Rosa. She is the author of thirteen books in Italian and seven in English. In Italy, Nirenstein has introduced and prefaced Bernard Lewis, Natan Sharansky and Ruthie Blum. She has been granted over twenty awards for her literary and journalistic activity. Nirenstein started her career in 1977 and has been a columnist and correspondent for all major Italian magazines (Panorama; l'Espresso; Epoca). Nirenstein contributed to The New York Sun, to the Commentary magazine and has written for the Moment magazine.Since 1998, she predicted the first terrorist threats in bin Laden's speeches and the suicide bombings of Islamic extremist. Some of <mask>'s work has been published in four American anthologies. Bernard Goldberg's  book "Bias" (Regency Publishing, 2002, pp. 200–206) quotes her extensively for the  view she writes well about the phenomenon of terrorism. A piece she wrote on the 9/11 disaster for Commentary magazine the day after the attack to explain the mentality of terrorists was subsequently quoted in The Wall Street Journal. <mask> <mask> has produced many documentaries for the Italian TV, the last by the title of "Settlers", about the disengagement from  Gaza seen from the perspective of the settlers themselves. In 2006 she conceived and conducted a program on foreign affairs, "Ore diciotto/Mondo", on channel RAI 2.Radio Radicale has interviewed here

masks: Fiamma Nirenstein Nirenstein Nirenstein Fiamma Nirenstein


title: Fiamma Nirenstein

texts:
 for its "Il medio Oriente visto da Gerusalemme" program. She has interviewed Rajiv Gandhi and met Deng Xiaoping, protagonists of the anti-communist regimes revolutions of the '80s, and in the area of the Israeli-Palestinian conflicts, Arafat, Sharon and Netanyahu. Work at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA)
<mask> <mask> began a working relationship with the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, an Israeli-based think-tank, in the late-2000s. Nirenstein's interests largely focus on European-Israeli relations, anti-Semitism, and sociological studies of terrorism. <mask> served both as an editor and contributor for her most recent publication, Lessons from Israel's Response to Terrorism. Within the publication, Nirenstein authored an article entitled "Resilience, the Israeli People's Weapon against Terror". In the essay, <mask> argues that Israelis have a unique culture built upon resilience which makes the country particularly strong in responding to terrorism.In 2016, Nirenstein participated in an interview at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs on the subject of European Anti-Semitism. Among the subjects discussed include the history of anti-Semitism in Europe and its contemporary manifestations, particularly in what Nirenstein terms "Israelphobia". One of her works produced while at the Israeli think-tank was Israel is Us: A Journalist's Odyssey in Understanding the Middle East. According to the organization's website, Nirenstein confesses the publication's premise is 'very simple': "Israel, contrary to commonly accepted propaganda, is a positive model, a case study for anyone who finds himself living in a democratic society that must eventually confront a defensive war- one that encompasses the entire universe of Western democracy today.”

<mask> continues to work at the think-tank. Other publications
Nirenstein's writings have also appeared, among other websites, on the Times of Israel and the Gatestone Institute. Since 2007, she has also

masks: Fiamma Nirenstein Nirenstein Nirenstein Nirenstein