title: Jari-Matti Latvala

texts:
 Impreza. 2006–2007: Stobart Ford

In 2006, Latvala competed in 11 world rallies. He drove the Subaru Impreza WRX STI in six, a Ford Focus WRC in four and a Toyota Corolla WRC at his home event, the Neste Oil Rally Finland. His best results came in the last three rallies. At the Telstra Rally Australia, he won the Production Car World Rally Championship (PCWRC) class, and finished sixth overall. At the Propecia Rally New Zealand, he finished eighth overall and also won the PCWRC. With the Focus WRC, he recorded his career-best result by finishing fourth at the last event of the season, the Rally Great Britain.Points from these rallies then placed Latvala 13th overall in the drivers' championship. In 2007, Latvala competed a full 16-event programme for Stobart M-Sport Ford with Matthew Wilson and Henning Solberg as teammates. He started the season with retirements in Monte Carlo and Sweden. At the Rally Norway, Latvala was in contention for his first podium place, but had to settle for fifth after a 90 seconds time penalty. He did, however, take his first stage win on SS5. Latvala later took his first podium at the 2007 Rally Ireland. At the last rally of the season, Rally GB, he lost 10 minutes on the last stage of day one due to windscreen wiper failure, but went on to win ten of the remaining 11 stages under the SupeRally rules, finishing 10th overall.2008: Ford's factory team

In 2008, <mask> joined Ford's factory team as a number two driver, partnering Mikko Hirvonen and replacing Marcus Grönholm who had announced his retirement from the WRC at the end of 2007. The opening round of the season wasn't lucky for the young Finn – he suffered a puncture after cutting a corner too deep on the very first stage and lost even more time because of a non-fully operative pneumatic wrench. <mask> continued to fight and was ninth

masks: Latvala Latvala


title: Jari-Matti Latvala

type: original

texts:
 overall before SS12, but he made another mistake there and heavily damaged the front left suspension in his Focus, forcing himself to retire for good. At the second rally of the season, 2008 Swedish Rally, he had good pace from the beginning – he won all regular special stages on day one, pulling away from the runner-up spot slowly, but consistently. He later had some problems and wasn't the fastest on any of the remaining stages, but managed to keep his position throughout the rally. The 22-year-old therefore took his first WRC win to become the youngest winner in the history of the World Rally Championship. The previous record was held by Henri Toivonen who was 24 years and 86 days old when he won the 1980 RAC Rally.For his performance during the Swedish rally <mask> was given the Abu Dhabi Spirit Of The Rally award. At the first gravel event of the season, the 2008 Rally México, despite officially claiming no intentions to win the event, he was the fastest driver on the first two stages and was leading the rally throughout the first day, pulling out from the current World Rally Champion, Sébastien Loeb. Unfortunately for the young Finn, the turbo in his Ford Focus was malfunctioning during the second day, making his car uncompetitive. This, along with having to be the opening driver on the stages 9–16, having to sweep the track of the loose gravel, cost him a substantial amount of time and Latvala finished the rally third. 2009 season

For 2009 the expectation was for Latvala to progress in his performance as number two driver for Ford's factory team. However the start of the season became a big disappointment for the team, as Latvala went off the road in three of the first four rallies of the year. In Portugal, he and his co-driver Miikka Anttila were lucky to escape injury in the most serious crash in Latvala's


title: Jari-Matti Latvala

texts:
 career.They went off the road on a left-hand bend and rolled 17 times, 150m down a steep hill, and finally came to rest against a tree. Latvala had specifically been focusing to combat his driver weaknesses going into this rally, so the accident put some extra pressure on him for the future, although he also admitted that he would fully understand if the team did not require his services because of his erratic reputation. However, after a consistent, steady drive in Argentina, Latvala went on to take his second WRC win of his career on Rally Sardinia ahead of teammate Mikko Hirvonen. He led from beginning to end, hence driving as first car on the road on both day two and three. 2010 season

<mask> remained with the Ford factory team for 2010. Following his many crashes in 2009, he now had the official position of number two driver whereas in the previous year there was no official distinction between him and his teammate Mikko Hirvonen. After Round 1 in Sweden, Latvala came 3rd.In Mexico, Jari-Matti came 5th and in Round 3 - Rally Jordan, he came 2nd. He crashed on stage 10 in Turkey and he took a dramatic win in New-Zealand. In Round 6, Rally of Portugal, he crashed out and in Bulgaria he was 6th. In this year's 8th round, the Finnish Rally, he claimed his second win of the season, while his teammate Mikko Hirvonen crashed out. Latvala was now ahead of his teammate by 19 points in 4th. After his fourth place in Germany, the third place in Japan and the two fourth places in France and Spain, Latvala managed to finish the season on the podium in Wales. His third place brought him the second place in the overall classification behind record-champion Loeb.2012 season
For 2012 <mask> was promoted to Ford's number one after the departure of Hirvonen to Rival's Citroen Total. For the first round in Monte-Carlo Jari-Mati-Latvala


title: Jari-Matti Latvala

texts:
 took the first stages wins before going off the road at the last stage of day 1, without having rally 2 rules in the event(a.k.a. formidably known as superrally rules) he retired. Round 2 in Sweden and Latvala took his first win of the season and the first as Ford's number one. Mexico saw another retirement of Latvala, and it continued to round 4 in Vodafone Rally de Portugal. Recently Latvala was injured during the testing for the 5th round in Argentina, he is due to be replaced by Prodrive's Dani Sordo, but should be able to compete by the next round in Greece. 2013-2016
For 2013, Latvala signed a contract with the new Volkswagen WRC team, announced on October 17.He described Ford's decision to end its works programme as the key factor that influenced his decision to change teams. The Finn claimed a win at Greece, and collected seven podiums in 13 races, ranking third in points teammate Ogier and Ford driver Neuville. In 2014, <mask> won four races at Sweden, Argentina, Finland and Alsace, while collecting eight podiums in 13 races. Therefore, he finished runner-up in the overall standings, behind Ogier who claimed eight wins. In 2015, the driver got three wins at Portugal, Finland and Corsica, while claiming four runner-up finishes. Again he ranked second in points, behind Volkswagen teammate Ogier who won eight races. In 2016, <mask> won at Mexico, and finished second in Italy and Finland, but finished sixth in the overall standings.2017-2020
Following Volkswagen's withdrawal from the WRC, Latvala and co-driver Miikka Anttila joined the Toyota Gazoo factory team for the 2017 season. He claimed a win at Sweden, second place finishes at Monte Carlo and Italy, and a fourth place finish at Corsica. He finished fourth in points, behind Ford drivers Ogier and Ott Tänak, and Hyundai driver Neuville. The 2018 season started


title: Jari-Matti Latvala

texts:
 well with third place in Monaco, and ended competitively with 4 podiums in the last six events, and a win on the final round of the year, Kennards Hire Rally Australia. This was his first victory in 21 months, having made the best of the tricky conditions of the event. He finished fourth in the 2018 driver championship. For 2019, Jari-Matti remained with the Toyota Gazoo Racing Team.He scored a podium in two events; third place at his home rally in Finland, after colliding with a loose rock during the event. Then third place again at the next round in Germany. <mask> finished the season in 7th position, his lowest since 2007. The 2020 driver announcements meant Jari-Matti was struggling to find a seat with Toyota. Failure to secure a deal with M-Sport Ford forced him to look at other options. <mask> is confirmed for two events, Sweden and Finland, in a privately-run Toyota Yaris WRC, while looking to finance a further three events at rallying's top level. He is registered under the Latvala Motorsport banner, with Juho Hänninen confirmed as co-driver.2021 - present
On the 18th of December 2020, it was announced Jari-Matti <mask> will become Team Principal at Toyota Gazoo Racing in 2021, to replace Tommi Mäkinen. Other ventures

Latvala Motorsport
Jari-Matti <mask> also manages the private enterprise Latvala Motorsport with his wife and family, administered from a custom-built location in Tuuri. This is home to a museum of rally cars from his personal collection, memorabilia and official merchandise, a rentable business auditorium, and a rally simulator. The facility is open to the public during the summer months. Personal life
In 2008, <mask> moved from Finland to Monaco. In 2020, he relocated to Tuuri, Finland. Latvala was engaged to Finnish celebrity  from 2017 to 2019.WRC victories
{|class="wikitable"
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masks: Latvala Latvala Latvala Latvala Latvala


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
<mask> ( ; born December 9, 1947) is an American politician and lobbyist who served as a United States senator from South Dakota from 1987 to 2005. A member of the Democratic Party, he became U.S. Senate Minority Leader in 1995 and later the Majority Leader in 2001. After leaving the United States Air Force, he was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1978 and served four terms. In 1986, he was elected to the U.S. Senate, becoming Minority Leader in 1995 and Majority Leader in 2001, becoming the highest-ranking elected official in South Dakota history. In 2004, he was defeated for reelection in a remarkable upset. Later, he took a position as a policy advisor with a lobbying firm, became a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, and co-authored a book advocating universal health care. Daschle was an early supporter of Barack Obama's presidential candidacy, and was nominated by President-elect Obama for the position of Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services after the 2008 election.However, <mask> withdrew his name on February 3, 2009, amid a growing controversy over his failure to properly report and pay income taxes. He is currently working for The Daschle Group, a Public Policy Advisory of Baker Donelson, a large law firm and lobbying group. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Aberdeen, South Dakota, the son of Elizabeth B. (née Meier) and Sebastian C<mask>, both of German descent. His paternal grandparents were Volga Germans. He grew up in a working-class Roman Catholic family,  the eldest of four brothers. He became the first person in his family to graduate from college when he earned a B.A.from the Department of Political Science at South Dakota

masks:
Thomas Andrew Daschle
Daschle
Daschle
. Daschle


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 State University in 1969. While attending South Dakota State University, <mask> became a brother of Alpha Phi Omega. From 1969 to 1972, <mask> served in the United States Air Force as an intelligence officer with the Strategic Air Command. In the mid-1970s Daschle was an aide to Senator James Abourezk. House of Representatives (1979–1987)
In 1978 <mask> was elected to the United States House of Representatives at the age of 31, winning the race by a margin of 139 votes, following a recount, out of more than 129,000 votes cast. <mask> served four terms in the House of Representatives and quickly became a part of the Democratic leadership. Although <mask> was not seeking the Vice-Presidency, he received 10 (0.30%) delegate votes for Vice President of the United States at the 1980 Democratic National Convention.Several others also received protest votes, but incumbent Vice President Walter Mondale was nevertheless renominated easily. United States Senate (1987–2005)

In 1986, <mask> was elected to the U.S. Senate in a close victory over incumbent Republican James Abdnor. In his first year, he was appointed to the Finance Committee. Party leadership
In 1994, he was chosen by his colleagues to succeed the retiring Senator George Mitchell as Democratic minority leader. In the history of the Senate, only Lyndon B. Johnson had served fewer years before being elected to lead his party. In addition to the minority leader's post, <mask> served as a member of the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry. South Dakotans reelected <mask> to the Senate by overwhelming margins in 1998.At various points in his career, he served on the Veterans Affairs, Indian Affairs, Finance, and Ethics Committees.

masks: Daschle Daschle Daschle Daschle Daschle Daschle Daschle Daschle


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 When the 107th Congress commenced on January 3, 2001, the Senate was evenly divided—that is, there were 50 Democrats and 50 Republicans. Outgoing Vice President Al Gore acted in his constitutional capacity as ex officio President of the Senate, and used his tie-breaking vote to give the Democrats the majority in that chamber. For the next two weeks, Daschle served as Senate Majority Leader. Upon the commencement of the Bush administration on January 20, 2001, Dick Cheney became president of the senate, thereby returning Democrats to the minority in that body; <mask> reverted to the position of Senate Minority Leader. However, on June 6, 2001, Senator Jim Jeffords of Vermont announced that he was leaving the Senate Republican caucus to become an independent and to caucus with Democrats; this once again returned control of the body to the Democrats and Daschle again became majority leader. Democratic losses in the November 2002 elections returned the party to the minority in the senate in January 2003, and Daschle once more reverted to being minority leader.Daschle recounted his senate experiences from 2001 to 2003 in his first book, Like No Other Time: The 107th Congress and the Two Years That Changed America Forever, published in 2003. With Charles Robbins, he has also written the book The U.S. Senate, part of the Fundamentals of American Government series. Anthrax case in 2001
In October 2001, while he was the Senate Majority Leader, Daschle's office received a letter containing anthrax, becoming a target of the 2001 anthrax attacks. Some of his staffers were confirmed to have been exposed, as well as several of Senator Russ Feingold's staffers and Capitol police officers. His suite at the Hart Senate


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 Office Building was the focus of an intensive cleanup led by the Environmental Protection Agency. Views on abortion
Daschle has a mixed voting record on abortion-related issues, which led the pro-choice organization NARAL to give him a 50% vote rating. In 1999 and 2003, Daschle voted in favor of the ban on partial-birth abortion, and supported legislation making it a crime to harm an unborn child when someone attacks a pregnant woman.(Investigators into the 2001 anthrax attacks, which included Senator <mask>'s Capitol Hill office, suspect that alleged anthrax mailer Bruce Ivins may have chosen to target Daschle over his views on abortion, although Ivins's lawyer disputed this alleged motive.) In 2003, Roman Catholic Bishop Robert Carlson reportedly wrote to Daschle, criticizing his stance on abortion as conflicting with Roman Catholic teaching, and stating that Daschle should no longer identify himself as a Catholic. 2004 Senate election

In the 2004 Senate election, John Thune defeated <mask> by 4,508 votes, 50.6% to 49.4%. It was the first time that a Senate party leader had lost a bid for reelection since 1952, when Barry Goldwater defeated Ernest McFarland in Arizona. Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist visited South Dakota to campaign for Thune, breaking an unwritten tradition that a leader of one party would not actively campaign for the defeat of the other. Throughout the campaign, Thune, along with Frist, President George W. Bush, and Vice President Cheney, frequently accused Daschle of being the "chief obstructionist" of Bush's agenda and charged him with using filibusters to unjustly block confirmation of several of Bush's nominees. The Republican candidate also drove home his strong support for

masks: Daschle Daschle


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 the war.In a nationally televised debate on NBC's Meet the Press, Thune accused Daschle of "emboldening the enemy" in his skepticism of the Iraq War. When the race began in early 2004, Daschle led by 7% in January and February. By May, his lead was just 2% and summer polls showed a varying number of trends: <mask> or Thune led by no more than 2%, but some polls showed a tie. Throughout September, <mask> led Thune by margins of 2–5% while during the entire month of October into the November 2 election, most polls showed that Thune and Daschle were dead even, usually tied 49–49 among likely voters. Some polls showed either Thune or <mask> leading by extremely slim margins. Post-Senate career and Controversies

Career and public service and Ethics Controversies
Following his reelection defeat, Daschle took a position with the lobbying arm of the K Street law firm Alston & Bird. Because he was prohibited by law from lobbying for one year after leaving the Senate, he instead worked as a "special policy adviser" for the firm.Alston & Bird's healthcare clients include CVS Caremark, the National Association for Home Care and Hospice, Abbott Laboratories, and HealthSouth. The firm was paid $5.8 million between January and September 2008 to represent companies and associations before Congress and the executive branch, with 60% of that money coming from the healthcare industry. Daschle was recruited by the former Republican Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole. Daschle's salary from Alston & Bird for the year 2008 was reportedly $2 million. <mask> was also a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress. In addition, he served as National Co-Chair of ONE Vote ‘08, along with former senator Bill Frist. He and former

masks: Daschle Daschle Daschle Daschle


title: Tom Daschle

texts: senators George Mitchell, Bob Dole, and Howard Baker formed the Bipartisan Policy Center (BPC), dedicated to finding bipartisan solutions for policy disputes.Daschle is also a co-chair of BPC's Health Project. In 2003, Daschle received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Senator Bill Frist. In May 2005, South Dakota State University, Daschle's alma mater, conferred upon him an honorary doctorate for public service. In May 2011, Daschle was further honored with an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters by Northern State University in his hometown of Aberdeen. In late September 2005, <mask> caught the attention of the media by reactivating his political action committee, changing its name from DASHPAC to New Leadership for America PAC and procuring a speaking slot at the Iowa Democratic Party's annual Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner. He continued to keep a relatively high-profile among Democratic interest groups. These moves were interpreted by the media as an exploration of a potential 2008 Presidential candidacy.On December 2, 2006, he announced he would not run for president in 2008. In an appearance on Meet the Press on February 12, 2006, Daschle endorsed a controversial warrantless surveillance program conducted by the National Security Agency (NSA), explaining that he had been briefed on the program while he was the Democratic leader in the Senate. In addition, Senator Daschle is a member of the board of trustees for the Richard C. Blum Center for Developing Economies at the University of California, Berkeley. The center is focused on finding solutions to address the crisis of extreme poverty and disease in the developing world. <mask> is a Member

masks:
Daschle
Tom Daschle


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 of the Global Leadership Foundation, an organization which works to support democratic leadership, prevent and resolve conflict through mediation and promote good governance in the form of democratic institutions, open markets, human rights and the rule of law. It does so by making available, discreetly and in confidence, the experience of former leaders to today's national leaders. It is a not-for-profit organization composed of former heads of government, senior governmental and international organization officials who work closely with heads of Government on governance-related issues of concern to them.Daschle also served as vice chair of the board of directors of National Democratic Institute for International Affairs. <mask> is a member of the ReFormers Caucus of Issue One. <mask> is the co-chair of the national advisory board at the National Institute for Civil Discourse (NICD). The institute was created at the University of Arizona after the 2011 shooting of former Congresswoman Gabby Giffords that killed six people and wounded 13 others. In 2019, Daschle was named to the advisory board of Northern Swan Holdings Inc., a cannabis investment firm. Said Daschle: "I believe it is imperative to loosen the restrictions on cannabis so we can research its properties and fully understand how patients can benefit from its medicinal use." In 2020, Daschle endorsed Constitutional Amendment A, a ballot initiative to legalize cannabis for recreational use in South Dakota.In a 2021 op-ed, <mask> co-wrote an op-ed for The Hill criticizing proposed cuts to pandemic preparedness programs, describing them as "unthinkable" in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Obama campaign

On February 21, 2007, the Associated Press

masks: Daschle Daschle Daschle


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 reported that Daschle, after ruling out a presidential bid of his own in December 2006, had thrown his support behind Senator Barack Obama of Illinois for the 2008 presidential election, saying that Obama "personifies the future of Democratic leadership in our country." In January 2005, having suggested that Obama take on some of his staffers, Daschle exited the Senate just as Obama entered. These included <mask>'s outgoing chief-of-staff Pete Rouse who helped to create a two-year plan in the Senate that would fast-track Obama for the presidential nomination. Daschle himself told Obama in 2006 that "windows of opportunity for running for the presidency close quickly. And that he should not assume, if he passes up this window, that there will be another." During the 2008 presidential campaign, Daschle served as a key advisor to Obama and one of the national co-chairs for Obama's campaign.On June 3, 2008, Obama lost to Hillary Clinton in the Democratic primary in <mask>'s home state of South Dakota, although that night Obama clinched his party's nomination anyway. Two days later, sources indicated Daschle "is interested in universal health care and might relish serving as HHS secretary." In the general election campaign, Daschle continued to consult Obama, campaign for him across swing states, and advise his campaign organization until Obama was ultimately elected the 44th President of the United States on November 4, 2008. Obama administration nomination
On November 19, 2008, the press reported that Daschle had accepted Obama's offer to be nominated for Health and Human Services Secretary. His selection was announced at a news conference with Obama on December 11, 2008. Some organizations objected to


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 Daschle's selection, arguing that his work at Alston & Bird was tantamount to lobbying and therefore his selection violated Obama's promise to keep special interests out of the White House. According to Ellen Miller, executive director of the Sunlight Foundation, Daschle technically complies with the transition rules against lobbyists but "many power brokers never register as lobbyists, but they are every bit as powerful."Stephanie Cutter, a spokeswoman for the Obama transition, responded that Daschle's work "does not represent a bar to his service in the transition" since "he was not a lobbyist, and he will recuse himself from any work that presents a conflict of interest." Ron Pollack, executive director of Families USA, praised Daschle on his nomination to Secretary of Health and Human Services for his "deep commitment to securing high-quality, affordable health care for everyone in our nation." When <mask> was officially nominated for his Cabinet position on January 20, 2009, confirmation by the Senate was required. The Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) Committee held a confirmation hearing for Daschle on January 8, 2009. A second Senate committee, the Finance Committee, also traditionally reviews HHS Secretary nominees; the committee discussed his nomination behind closed doors on February 2, 2009. Withdrawal
On January 30, 2009, it was reported that Daschle's friendship and business partnership with businessman Leo Hindery could cause problems for Daschle's Senate confirmation. Daschle has been a paid consultant and advisor to Hindery's InterMedia Partners since 2005, during which time he received from Hindery access to a limousine and chauffeur.Daschle reportedly did not declare


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 this service on his annual tax forms as required by law. A spokeswoman for Daschle said that he "simply and probably naively" considered the use of the car and driver "a generous offer" from Hindery, "a longtime friend." Daschle told the Senate Finance Committee that in June 2008—just as he was letting the press know he would like to be HHS secretary in an Obama administration—that "something made him think that the car service might be taxable" and he began seeking to remedy the situation. Daschle reportedly also did not pay taxes on an additional $83,333 that he earned as a consultant to InterMedia Partners in 2007; this was discovered by Senator <mask>'s accountant in December 2008. According to ABC News, Daschle also took tax deductions for $14,963 in donations that he made between 2005 and 2007 to charitable organizations that did not meet the requirements for being tax deductible. The former senator paid the three years of owed taxes and interest—an amount totaling $140,167—in January 2009, but still reportedly owed "Medicare taxes equal to 2.9 percent" of the value of the car service he received, amounting to "thousands of dollars in additional unpaid taxes." On February 3, 2009, <mask> withdrew his nomination, saying that he did not wish to be a "distraction" to the Obama agenda.Health policy
<mask> co-wrote the 2008 book Critical: What We Can Do About the Health-Care Crisis . He and his co-authors point out that "most of the world’s highest-ranking health-care systems employ some kind of 'single-payer' strategy – that is, the government, directly or through insurers, is responsible for paying doctors, hospitals, and other health-care providers." They argue that a single-payer approach is simple,


title: Tom Daschle

texts: equitable, provides everyone with the same benefits, and saves billions of dollars through economies of scale and simplified administration. They concede that implementing a single-payer system in the United States would be "politically problematic" even though some polls show more satisfaction with the single-payer Medicare system than private insurance. A key element of the single-payer plan that <mask> and his co-authors propose in the book is a new "Federal Health Board" that would establish the framework and fill in the details. The board would somehow be simultaneously "insulated from political pressure" and "accountable to elected officials and the American people." The board would "promote 'high-value' medical care by recommending coverage of those drugs and procedures backed by solid evidence."This proposal has been criticized by conservatives and libertarians who argue that such a board will lead to rationing of health care, and by progressives who believe the board will, as one writer put it, "get defanged by lobbyists immediately." One of Daschle's co-authors, Jeanne Lambrew, had been slated before his withdrawal to serve as his deputy in the White House Office of Health Reform. Daschle also served as a panelist on the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense, a body that recommended changes to U.S. policy to strengthen national biodefense. In order to address biological threats facing the nation, the Blue Ribbon Study Panel on Biodefense created a 33 step initiative for the U.S. Government to implement. Headed by former senator Joe Lieberman and former governor <mask>, the Study Panel assembled in Washington, D.C., for four meetings concerning current biodefense programs. The Study Panel

masks:
Daschle
Tom Ridge


title: Tom Daschle

texts:
 concluded that the federal government had little to no defense mechanisms in case of a biological event. The Study Panel's final report, The National Blueprint for Biodefense, proposes a string of solutions and recommendations for the U.S. Government to take, including items such as giving the vice president authority over biodefense responsibilities and merging the entire biodefense budget.These solutions represent the Panel's call to action in order to increase awareness and activity for pandemic related issues. 9/11
Daschle claims he was asked by vice president Dick Cheney "not to investigate" the events of 9/11. He told reporters, "the vice president expressed the concern that a review of what happened on September 11 would take resources and personnel away from the effort in the war on terrorism. I acknowledged that concern, and it is for that reason that the Intelligence Committee is going to begin this effort, trying to limit the scope and the overall review of what happened. But clearly, I think the American people are entitled to know what happened and why." Personal life
<mask> has been married to Linda Hall, who was Miss Kansas in 1976, since 1984, one year after his marriage to his first wife, Laurie, later-U.S. Ambassador to Denmark, ended in divorce.Hall was acting administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration in the Clinton administration; she is now a Washington lobbyist. Her lobbying clients have included American Airlines, Lockheed Martin, and Boeing, Senate lobbying records show. <mask> has three children from his first marriage: Kelly, Nathan, and Lindsay. Nathan is the CEO of Ruck.us and former executive director of the Democratic Governors Association. See also
Unsuccessful


title: Max Hall

texts:
<mask> (born October 1, 1985) is a former American National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League quarterback. After playing college football for BYU, he was signed by the Arizona Cardinals as an undrafted free agent in 2010. <mask> played in a total of six NFL games for the Cardinals. <mask> spent 2012 as an assistant coach for BYU. He then played the 2013 CFL season for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers. Early years
<mask> went to the same high school as John Beck, the quarterback he succeeded at BYU. As a junior in 2003, he earned the starting quarterback job for the Mountain View High School Toros, and led the team to the Arizona state championship (14-0), earning MVP and offensive player of the year.As a senior in 2004 he led his team to another state title game only to lose the game in triple overtime (an Arizona 5A state record). He broke several Toro career passing records just two years after Beck had broken them. <mask> was named the All-Arizona quarterback for his senior year by The Arizona Republic. College career
<mask> redshirted at Arizona State in 2004. In 2006, after being sent home early from his LDS mission to Iowa,  <mask> transferred to BYU and quarterbacked the scout team while sitting out the season. In 2007, John Beck's departure from BYU left a wide open competition for the starting quarterback position. Cade Cooper, a junior college transfer from Snow College, and Brenden Gaskins, a junior college transfer from Glendale Community College, joined <mask> and Jacob Bower to compete for the position.Bower transferred to Bakersfield College soon after, and the competition came down to <mask> and Cooper. Cooper suffered a season-ending injury in the annual Spring game. BYU head coach Bronco Mendenhall immediately named <mask> as the starting quarterback and Gaskins as the backup for the 2007 season. <mask>

masks:
Max Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


title: Max Hall

texts:
 was named first-team All-Mountain West Conference as a sophomore after throwing for 3,848 yards, 26 touchdowns, and only 12 interceptions. His 137.7 rating was the 21st best in BYU history, and the fifth best by a sophomore. His 3,848 yards ranked 8th in the NCAA and his 26 touchdown throws tied <mask> for 22nd in the NCAA. His record in his first season as BYU starting quarterback was 11-2, with a Pioneer Las Vegas Bowl victory over UCLA.On November 22, 2008 <mask> was intercepted five times and lost one fumble, contributing to a 24-48 loss to the University of Utah. After the game, he proclaimed that Utah didn't beat BYU but that BYU beat themselves. On September 5, 2009 <mask> led his team to a win over then third-ranked Oklahoma, throwing for 328 yards and two touchdowns in a 14-13 victory. This performance garnered the Cougars a No. 9 ranking in the following AP poll. However, BYU was then beaten by Florida State and TCU at home. On December 1, 2009, <mask> was named to the Mountain West Conference football All-Conference Second Team.On December 22, 2009, <mask> led his team to a 44-20 win over 18th-ranked Oregon State, completing 19 out of 30 passes for 192 yards and three touchdowns to end his senior season. Collegiate statistics

Source:

Professional career

Arizona Cardinals
After not being selected in the 2010 NFL Draft, <mask> signed as an undrafted free agent with the Arizona Cardinals. In the preseason, <mask> competed with John Skelton, another rookie and a 5th round selection from Fordham, for the third-string quarterback spot behind veterans Derek Anderson and Matt Leinart. On September 4, the Cardinals released Leinart and told <mask> that he would be the primary backup quarterback behind Anderson for 2010. While playing the Atlanta Falcons on September 19, 2010, <mask> relieved Anderson, throwing two passes for

masks: Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall


title: Max Hall

texts:
 three yards and one interception. In an October 3 game against the San Diego Chargers, Anderson threw two interceptions and was taken out in favor of <mask>. <mask> completed 8 of his 14 passes for 82 yards.On October 10, <mask> was named the starting quarterback for the Cardinals, and won the first NFL game he started, against the defending Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints. He completed 17 of his 27 passes and passed for 168 yards and 0 touchdowns. He also threw 1 interception and fumbled twice. The Cardinals won the game 30–20. After this performance, <mask> was named the Pepsi Rookie of the Week for Week 5. On October 31, <mask> threw his only career touchdown pass as an NFL quarterback against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The score came off of a 3-yard pass to Larry Fitzgerald in the first quarter.<mask> would be pulled in the second quarter though in favor of Derek Anderson. <mask> would complete 8 of 16 passes passing for 71 yards with two interceptions. <mask> was waived/injured on August 24, 2011, and was reverted to injured reserve after passing through waivers unclaimed on August 25. After being released by the Cardinals, <mask> did not play professional football throughout the remainder of 2012. Winnipeg Blue Bombers

On April 8, 2013 the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League announced they signed <mask> for the 2013 season. <mask> made his first CFL start on August 16, 2013 (Week 8) against the Hamilton Tiger-Cats. <mask> got the start because of 'poor' play by both Buck Pierce and Justin Goltz.He completed 18 of 30 passing attempts for 241 yards with 1 touchdown and 2 interceptions. <mask> went on to post a 1-8 record as a starter. NFL statistics

Source:

Coaching career
<mask> served as a student assistant coach for BYU in 2012. He currently serves as the varsity offensive coordinator at American

masks: Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall


title: Max Hall

texts:
 Leadership Academy High School in Queen Creek, Arizona. <mask> is a nephew to Danny White and grandson of Wilford White, ASU Hall-of-Famers. He is a second cousin to Arizona Cardinals tight end Todd Heap. <mask> is married to Mckinzi Gissel, making him the brother-in-law-by-marriage of his BYU teammate and former Ravens' tight end, Dennis Pitta, who is married to Gissel's sister Mataya.He is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. On August 30, 2014, Gilbert police were called to the Best Buy near Loop 202 and Williams Field Road about 11:30 a.m. after a store employee told police he saw <mask> taking merchandise out of boxes and stuffing them in his backpack, according to the police report. Police found $286 worth of electronics inside <mask>'s backpack. Investigators also confiscated hypodermic needles, a metal spoon, a lighter and cocaine, stored in a pill bottle. <mask> told police he had used the cocaine that morning. <mask> immediately apologized to police and begged for forgiveness from the store's employees. He is quoted as saying, "I'm really sorry, I'll pay for the stuff.If I get arrested, I'll get fired. I've never done this before." On September 5th, 2014, <mask> was fired from his job as an offensive coordinator at Gilbert High School. See also
List of Division I FBS passing yardage leaders

References

External links

Arizona Cardinals bio
BYU Cougars football bio
Arizona State Sun Devils football bio
Rivals.com bio

1985 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Mesa, Arizona
Latter Day Saints from Arizona
Players of American football from Arizona
American football quarterbacks
Canadian football quarterbacks
American players of Canadian football
Arizona State Sun Devils football players
BYU Cougars football players
Arizona Cardinals players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
BYU Cougars football

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title: Victor Cousin

texts:
<mask> (; 28 November 179214 January 1867) was a French philosopher. He was the founder of "eclecticism", a briefly influential school of French philosophy that combined elements of German idealism and Scottish Common Sense Realism. As the administrator of public instruction for over a decade, Cousin also had an important influence on French educational policy. Biography

Early years

The son of a watchmaker, he was born in Paris, in the Quartier Saint-Antoine. At the age of ten he was sent to the local grammar school, the Lycée Charlemagne, where he studied until he was eighteen. Lycées being organically linked to the University of France and its Faculties since their Napoleonic institution (the baccalauréat was awarded by juries made of university professors)  Cousin was "crowned" in the ancient hall of the Sorbonne for a Latin oration he wrote which  owned him a first prize at the concours général, a competition between the best pupils at lycées (established under the Ancien Régime and reinstated under the First Empire, and still extant). The classical training of the lycée strongly disposed him to literature, or éloquence as it was then called.He was already known among his fellow students for his knowledge of Greek. From the lycée he graduated to the most prestigious of higher education schools, École Normale Supérieure (as it is now called), where Pierre Laromiguière was then lecturing on philosophy. In the second preface to the Fragments philosophiques, in which he candidly states the varied philosophical influences of his life, <mask> speaks of the grateful emotion excited by the memory of the day when he heard Laromiguière for the first time.

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Cousin


title: Victor Cousin

texts:
 "That day decided my whole life." Laromiguière taught the philosophy of John Locke and Étienne Bonnot de Condillac, happily modified on some points, with a clearness and grace which in appearance at least removed difficulties, and with a charm of spiritual bonhomie which penetrated and subdued." That school has remained ever since the living heart of French philosophy; Henri Bergson, Jean-Paul Sartre and Jacques Derrida are among its past students. Early influence on Cousin's philosophical thought

Cousin wanted to lecture on philosophy and quickly obtained the position of master of conferences (maître de conférences) in the school.The second great philosophical impulse of his life was the teaching  of Pierre Paul Royer-Collard. This teacher, he tells us, "by the severity of his logic, the gravity and weight of his words, turned me by degrees, and not without resistance, from the beaten path of Condillac into the way which has since become so easy, but which was then painful and unfrequented, that of the Scottish philosophy." The "Scottish Philosophy" being the "Common Sense" Philosophy of Thomas Reid and otherswhich taught that both the external world and the human mind (introspection proving the existence of "free will" by the fact of consciousness) had an objective existence. In 1815–1816 <mask> attained the position of suppliant (assistant) to Royer-Collard in the history of modern philosophy chair of the faculty of letters. Another thinker who influenced him at this early period was Maine de Biran, whom Cousin regarded as the unequalled psychological observer of his time in France. These men strongly influenced Cousin's philosophical thought. To


title: Victor Cousin

texts: Laromiguière he attributes the lesson of decomposing thought, even though the reduction of it to sensation was inadequate.Royer-Collard taught him that even sensation is subject to certain internal laws and principles which it does not itself explain, which are superior to analysis and the natural patrimony of the mind. De Biran made a special study of the phenomena of the will. He taught him to distinguish in all cognitions, and especially in the simplest facts of consciousness, the voluntary activity in which our personality is truly revealed. It was through this "triple discipline" that <mask>'s philosophical thought was first developed, and that in 1815 he began the public teaching of philosophy in the Normal School and in the faculty of letters. He then took up the study of German, worked at Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi, and sought to master the Philosophy of Nature of Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling, which at first greatly attracted him. The influence of Schelling may be observed very markedly in the earlier form of his philosophy. He sympathized with the principle of faith of Jacobi, but regarded it as arbitrary so long as it was not recognized as grounded in reason.In 1817 he went to Germany, and met Hegel at Heidelberg. Hegel's Encyclopädie der philosophischen Wissenschaften appeared the same year, and <mask> had one of the earliest copies. He thought Hegel not particularly amiable, but the two became friends. The following year <mask> went to Munich, where he met Schelling for the first time, and spent a month with him and Jacobi, obtaining a deeper insight into the Philosophy of Nature. Political troubles disrupt

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title: Victor Cousin

texts:
 career

France's political troubles interfered for a time with his career. In the events of 1814–1815 he took the royalist side. He adopted the views of the party known as doctrinaire, of which Royer-Collard was the philosophical leader.He seems to have gone further, and to have approached the extreme Left. Then came a reaction against liberalism, and in 1821–1822 <mask> was deprived of his offices in the faculty of letters and in the Normal School. The Normal School was swept away, and <mask> shared the fate of Guizot, who was ejected from the chair of history. This enforced abandonment of public teaching was a mixed blessing: he set out for Germany with a view to further philosophical study. While at Berlin in 1824–1825 he was thrown into prison, either on some ill-defined political charge at the instance of the French police, or as a result of an indiscreet conversation. Freed after six months, he remained under the suspicion of the French government for three years. It was during this period that he developed what is distinctive in his philosophical doctrine.His eclecticism, his ontology and his philosophy of history were declared in principle and in most of their salient details in the Fragments philosophiques (Paris, 1826). The preface to the second edition (1833) and the third (1838) aimed at a vindication of his principles against contemporary criticism. Even the best of his later books, the Philosophie écossaise, the Du vrai, du beau, et du bien, and the Philosophie de Locke, were simply matured revisions of his lectures during the period from 1815 to 1820. The lectures on Locke were first sketched in 1819, and fully developed in the course of

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title: Victor Cousin

texts:
 1829. During the seven years when he was prevented from teaching, he produced, besides the Fragments, the edition of the works of Proclus (6 vols., 1820–1827), and the works of René Descartes (II vols., 1826). He also commenced his Translation of Plato (13 vols. ), which occupied his leisure time from 1825 to 1840.One sees in the Fragments very distinctly the fusion of the different philosophical influences by which his opinions were finally matured. For <mask> was as eclectic in thought and habit of mind as he was in philosophical principle and system. It is with the publication of the Fragments of 1826 that the first great widening of his reputation is associated. In 1827 followed the Cours de l'histoire de la philosophie. Reinstatement at the University

In 1828, de Vatimesnil, minister of public instruction in Martignac's ministry, recalled <mask> and Guizot to their professorial positions in the university. The three years which followed were the period of Cousin's greatest triumph as a lecturer. His return to the chair was the symbol of the triumph of constitutional ideas and was greeted with enthusiasm.The hall of the Sorbonne was crowded as the hall of no philosophical teacher in Paris had been since the days of Pierre Abélard. The lecturer's eloquence mingled with speculative exposition, and he possessed a singular power of rhetorical climax. His philosophy showed strikingly the generalizing tendency of the French intellect, and its logical need of grouping details round central principles. There was a moral elevation in <mask>'s spiritual philosophy which touched the hearts of his listeners, and seemed to be the basis for higher development in


title: Victor Cousin

texts:
 national literature and art, and even in politics, than the traditional philosophy of France. His lectures produced more ardent disciples than those of any other contemporary professor of philosophy. Judged on his teaching influence, <mask> occupies a foremost place in the rank of professors of philosophy, who like Jacobi, Schelling and Dugald Stewart have united the gifts of speculative, expository and imaginative power. The taste for philosophy—especially its history—was revived in France to an extent unknown since the 17th century.Influence on others
Among those influenced by Cousin were Edgar Allan Poe, Théodore Simon Jouffroy, Jean Philibert Damiron, Adolphe Garnier, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Jules Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, Felix Ravaisson-Mollien, Charles de Rémusat, Orestes Brownson, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Jules Simon, Paul Janet, Adolphe Franck and Patrick Edward Dove, who dedicated his "The Theory of Human Progression" to him—Jouffroy and Damiron were first fellow-followers. students and then disciples. Jouffroy always kept firm to the early—the French and Scottish—impulses of Cousin's teaching. <mask> continued to lecture for two and a half years after his return to the chair. Sympathizing with the revolution of July, he was at once recognized by the new government as a friend of national liberty. Writing in June 1833 he explains both his philosophical and his political position:
"I had the advantage of holding united against me for many years both the sensational and the theological school. In 1830 both schools descended into the arena of politics.The sensational school quite naturally produced the demagogic party, and the theological school became


title: Victor Cousin

texts: Opera. Also during this period <mask> seems to have turned with fresh interest to those literary studies which he had abandoned for speculation under the influence of Laromiguière and Royer-Collard.To this renewed interest we owe his studies of men and women of note in France in the 17th century. As the results of his work in this line, we have, besides the Des Pensées de Pascal, 1842, Audes sur les femmes et la société du XVII siècle 1853. He has sketched Jacqueline Pascal (1844), Madame de Longueville (1853), the marquise de Sable (1854), the duchesse de Chevreuse (1856), Madame de Hautefort (1856). <mask> was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1855. When the reign of Louis Philippe came to a close through the opposition of his ministry, with Guizot at its head, to the demand for electoral reform and through the policy of the Spanish marriages, <mask>, who was opposed to the government on these points, lent his sympathy to Cavaignac and the Provisional government. He published a pamphlet entitled Justice et charité, the purport of which showed the moderation of his political views. It was markedly anti-socialistic.But from this period he passed almost entirely from public life, and ceased to wield the personal influence which he had done during the preceding years. After the coup d'état of 2 December, he was deprived of his position as permanent member of the superior council of public instruction. From Napoleon and the Empire he stood aloof. A decree of 1852 placed him along with Guizot and Villemain in the rank of honorary professors. His sympathies were apparently with the monarchy, under certain


title: Victor Cousin

texts:
 constitutional safeguards. Speaking in 1853 of the political issues of the spiritual philosophy which he had taught during his lifetime, he says: "It conducts human societies to the true republic, that dream of all generous souls, which in our time can be realized in Europe only by constitutional monarchy." Death

During the last years of his life he occupied a suite of rooms in the Sorbonne, where he lived simply and unostentatiously.The chief feature of the rooms was his noble library, the cherished collection of a lifetime. He died in Cannes on 14 January 1867, in his seventy-fifth year. In the front of the Sorbonne, below the lecture rooms of the faculty of letters, a tablet records an extract from his will, in which he bequeaths his noble and cherished library to the halls of his professorial work and triumphs. Philosophy

Three distinctive points

There are three distinctive points in Cousin's philosophy. These are his method, the results of his method, and the application of the method and its results to history, especially to the history of philosophy. It is usual to speak of his philosophy as eclecticism. It is eclectic only in a secondary and subordinate sense.All eclecticism that is not self-condemned and inoperative implies a system of doctrine as its basis, in fact, a criterion of truth. Otherwise, as <mask> himself remarks, it is simply a blind and useless syncretism. And Cousin saw and proclaimed from an early period in his philosophical teaching the necessity of a system on which to base his eclecticism. This is indeed advanced as an illustration or confirmation of the truth of his system, as a proof that the facts of history correspond to


title: Victor Cousin

texts:
 his analysis of consciousness. These three points, the method, the results, and the philosophy of history, are with him intimately connected. They are developments in a natural order of sequence. They become in practice Psychology, Ontology and Eclecticism in history.<mask> strongly insisted on the importance of method in philosophy. That which he adopts is the ordinary one of observation, analysis and induction. This observational method <mask> regards as that of the 18th century, the method which Descartes began and abandoned, and which Locke and Condillac applied, though imperfectly, and which Thomas Reid and Kant used with more success. He insists that this is the true method of philosophy as applied to consciousness, in which alone the facts of experience appear. But the proper condition of the application of the method is that it shall not, through prejudice of system, omit a single fact of consciousness. If the authority of consciousness is good in one instance, it is good in all. If not to be trusted in one, it is not to be trusted in any.Previous systems have erred in not presenting the facts of consciousness. Observational method

The observational method applied to consciousness gives us the science of psychology. This is the basis and the only proper basis of ontology or metaphysics, the science of being, and of the philosophy of history. To the observation of consciousness Cousin adds induction as the complement of his method, by which he means inference as to reality necessitated by the data of consciousness, and regulated by certain laws found in consciousness, those of reason. By his method of observation and induction as thus explained,


title: Victor Cousin

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 the act of creation; it explains also the ordinary actions of mankind, which are done as a rule spontaneously and not after reflective deliberation. Doctrine of the reason

But it is in his doctrine of the Reason that the distinctive principle of the philosophy of Cousin lies. The reason given to us by psychological observation, the reason of our consciousness, is impersonal in its nature. We do not make it; its character is precisely the opposite of individuality; it is universal and necessary. The recognition of universal and necessary principles in knowledge is the essential point in psychology; it ought to be put first and emphasized to the last that these exist and that they are wholly impersonal or absolute. The number of these principles, their enumeration and classification, is an important point, but it is secondary to that of the recognition of their true nature.This was the point which Kant missed in his analysis, and this is the fundamental truth which <mask> thinks he has restored to the integrity of philosophy by the method of the observation of consciousness. And how is this impersonality or absoluteness of the conditions of knowledge to be established ? The answer is in substance that Kant went wrong in putting necessity first as the criterion of those laws. This brought them within the sphere of reflection, and gave as their guarantee the impossibility of thinking them reversed; and led to their being regarded as wholly relative to human intelligence, restricted to the sphere of the phenomenal, incapable of revealing to us substantial reality—necessary, yet subjective. But this test of necessity is a wholly secondary one; these laws are


title: Victor Cousin

texts:
 method to the history of philosophy. Confronting the various systems co-ordinated as sensualism, idealism, skepticism, mysticism, with the facts of consciousness, the chasm result was reached " that each system expresses an order of phenomena and ideas, which is in truth very real, but which is not alone in consciousness, and which at the same time holds an almost exclusive place in the system; whence it follows that each system is not false but incomplete, and that in re-uniting all incomplete systems, we should have a complete philosophy, adequate to the totality of consciousness." Philosophy, as thus perfected, would not be a mere aggregation of systems, as is ignorantly supposed, but an integration of the truth in each system after the false or incomplete is discarded.Comparison to Kant, Schelling and Hegel

Such is the system in outline. The historical position of the system lies in its relations to Kant, Schelling and Hegel. <mask> was opposed to Kant in asserting that the unconditioned in the form of infinite or absolute cause is but a mere unrealizable tentative or effort on the part of and something different from a mere negation, yet not equivalent to a positive thought. With Cousin the absolute as the ground of being is grasped positively by the intelligence, and it renders all else intelligible; it is not as with Kant a certain hypothetical or regulative need. With Schelling again <mask> agrees in regarding this supreme ground of all as positively apprehended, and as a source of development, but he utterly repudiates Schelling's method. The intellectual intuition either falls under the eye of consciousness, or it does not. If not, how do you


title: Victor Cousin

texts: knowledge of the absolute—they are held to be incompatible with its unity. Here Schelling and Hamilton argue that Cousin's absolute is a mere relative.Thirdly, it is objected that in order to deduce the conditioned, Cousin makes his absolute a relative; for he makes it an absolute cause, i.e. a cause existing absolutely under relation. As such it is necessarily inferior to the sum total of its effects, and dependent for reality on these—in a word, a mere potence or becoming. Further, as a theory of creation, it makes creation a necessity, and destroys the notion of the divine. <mask> made no reply to Hamilton's criticism beyond alleging that Hamilton's doctrine necessarily restricted human knowledge and certainty to psychology and logic, and destroyed metaphysics by introducing nescience and uncertainty into its highest sphere, theodicy. The attempt to render the laws of reason or thought impersonal by professing to find them in the sphere of spontaneous apperception, and above reflective necessity, is unsuccessful. Cause, substance, time, space, are given us as realized in a particular form.In no single act of affirmation of cause or substance, much less in such a primitive act, do we affirm the universality of their application. There may be particular instances or cases of these laws, but we could never get the laws themselves in their universality, far less absolute impersonality. No amount of individual instances of the application of any of them by us would give it a true universality. The only sure test we have of their universality in our experience is the test of their reflective necessity. We thus after all fall back on reflection as our ground


title: Victor Cousin

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 opponents, described Cousin as "A profound and original thinker, a lucid and eloquent writer, a scholar equally at home in ancient and in modern learning, a philosopher superior to all prejudices of age or country, party or profession, and whose lofty eclecticism, seeking truth under every form of opinion, traces its unity even through the most hostile systems."See also
 Neo-Kantianism

Notes

References
J. Barthélemy-St-Hilaire,  (3 vols., Paris, 1895)
H Høffding, Hist. of Mod. Phil. ii. 311 (Eng. trans., 1900)
CE Fuchs, Die Philosophie Victor Cousins (Berlin, 1847)
Jules Émile Alaux, La Philosophie de M. Cousin (Paris, 1864)
P Janet, <mask>usin et son œuvre (Paris, 1885)
Jules Simon, V. Cousin (1887)
Adolphe Franck, Moralistes et philosophes (1872)
JP Damiron, Souvenirs de vingt ans d'enseignement (Paris, 1859)
H. Taine, in Les Philosophes (Paris, 1868), pp. 79–202.Hamilton, Discussions on Philosophy, Literature, Education, and University Reform (London, 1852)

External links

1792 births
1867 deaths
Writers from Paris
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
French philosophers
University of Paris faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the Académie Française
École Normale Supérieure alumni
École Normale Supérieure faculty
French male non-fiction writers
Spinoza


title: Miles Fisher

texts:
<mask> (born June 23, 1983) is an American actor, comedian, entrepreneur and musician. He made his debut in the CBS adaptation of the book True Women and had a starring role in the 2000 film Lone Star Struck. In 2001, for his role in his short film Head Shot, <mask> won Best Actor at the International Teen Movie Festival and earned him praise from an article in Newsday. <mask> appeared as a member of the First Regiment of Virginia Volunteers in the 2003 Civil War film Gods and Generals and parodied actor Tom Cruise in the 2008 film Superhero Movie. He had a recurring role as a rookie police officer in 2008 on the television series The Cleaner, and appeared on Gossip Girl in 2009. On the third season of the television series Mad Men, <mask> portrayed a friend of character Paul Kinsey. In 2011, he played Peter Friedkin in Final Destination 5.Early and personal life
<mask> is the son of Richard W<mask>, who was formerly the President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. His mother, Nancy, served on the national board of the American Film Institute (AFI). His maternal grandfather was Representative James Collins. He was raised in Dallas, Texas, where he attended the St. Mark's School of Texas. After his family moved to Washington, D.C., he attended the St. Albans School. <mask> graduated from Harvard University, where he was an English major. At Harvard, he was a member of the Porcellian Club, the Hasty Pudding Club and the a cappella singing group the Krokodiloes.<mask> served as the Krokodiloes tour manager, and planned events for the group in 24 countries. He was one of the two students chosen to deliver a Harvard Oration at the 2006 Harvard graduation ceremony. His undergraduate thesis, which won the LeBaron Russell Briggs prize at Harvard, was a "screenplay about a Harvard graduate who avoided the Vietnam draft by teaching

masks:
James Leslie Miles Fisher
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title: Miles Fisher

texts:
 in a military prep school". In 2014, <mask> married Lucette Blodgett, daughter of late actor and writer, Michael Blodgett. They were introduced by broadcaster Willow Bay. They welcomed their first child, daughter Lily, in October 2017. <mask> appeared in the 1997 CBS television movie adaptation of the book True Women as "Travis", and had a starring role in the 2000 film Lone Star Struck.He received the Best Actor award at the 2001 International Teen Movie Festival (ITMF) in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada, for his own short film titled: Head Shot, which was among 10,000 other entries at the festival. 2000s
In a 2001 article in Newsday titled: "<mask> Fisher, 'It' Boy", columnist Liz Smith referred to <mask> as "wunderkind" and "the next Tom Cruise". Smith's comparison of <mask> to Tom Cruise led to meetings with influential managers and agents, and he signed with the talent agency Endeavor Talent Agency in 2002. <mask> appeared in the 2003 Civil War film Gods and Generals with Robert Duvall. Director Ron Maxwell picked <mask> to portray a heroic member of the First Regiment of Virginia Volunteers in the film; Duvall played Robert E. Lee. He parodied actor Tom Cruise in the 2008 film Superhero Movie. <mask>'s role in the film was popularized on the Internet on sites including Defamer, as well as on television on Entertainment Tonight and the CNN program Showbiz Tonight.The clip of <mask> was viewed on the Internet over 10 million times. A critic for The Baltimore Sun commented that <mask>'s appearance in Superhero Movie was the highlight of the film, and wrote: "Actor <mask> replicates Tom Cruise's 'I am the Way, the Thetan, the Light' Scientology recruiting video of last year to hilarious effect." He had a recurring role on A&E Network's television series The Cleaner, portraying a rookie police officer named Kenneth Herman. <mask>

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title: Miles Fisher

texts:
 wrote and produced a short film called Heatshot in 2009 with Evan Nichols; the film was selected to be screened at the AFI Dallas International Film Festival. Alan Peppard of The Dallas Morning News reported in March 2009 that <mask> had been cast in the pilot of a television show set in 1983 in Southern California; a spinoff of Gossip Girl. He portrayed a "sleazy" coke dealer on the television series of the same name. In July 2009, <mask> released an independently produced self-titled EP, <mask>, as well as a music video for his cover of the Talking Heads song "This Must Be The Place."The video is an homage to the 2000 film American Psycho, with <mask> imitating Christian Bale's performance as Patrick Bateman. Students from the American Film Institute helped film the video, which was shot in Los Angeles. The video was posted on YouTube and various other web sites, and received 200,000 hits on Break.com alone within the first 24 hours. Darrell Hartman of Interview called the usage of the Talking Heads song with the American Psycho theme "a brilliant combo", and noted that <mask> "created a viral hit". 2010s
On the third season of the television series Mad Men, <mask> portrayed Geoff Graves, a friend of character Paul Kinsey. Jessica Gelt of the Los Angeles Times described his character as a "preppy drug dealer". In 2010, <mask> was cast in the film Final Destination 5.In an interview with Collider.com, <mask> revealed that the film was set in a workplace environment, and was a 3-D film. <mask> appeared in Clint Eastwood's J. Edgar Hoover biopic, J. Edgar, playing Agent Garrison, an FBI employee who interviews Leonardo DiCaprio's Hoover throughout the film. <mask> released the song "New Romance" in video and MP3 form on iTunes and on his personal website on July 19, 2011. The video parodies the Final Destination series and

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title: Miles Fisher

texts:
 Saved By the Bell. Additionally, he appeared in the fifth film of the Final Destination franchise, playing Peter Friedkin. On May 22, 2013, a music video for "Finish What We Started" through AboveAverageNetwork on YouTube was posted. The music video featuring Lance Bass has yet to release a single for the song, and a subsequent album has been released, dubbed "Video Music."The music video has been posted to <mask>'s personal website. <mask> founded Bixby Roasting Co. in 2016. Bixby Coffee is a specialty coffee roaster that services households and businesses across the country. Bixby Coffee Co started with selling premium K-Cups and has grown into a coffee subscription that delivers the single origin coffees in multiple formats, such as whole bean, freshly ground, and K-Cups. Filmography

Films

Television

Discography

Albums
 Video Music (2013)

EPs
 <mask> (2009)

Singles
 "This Must Be the Place (Naive Melody)" (2009) (cover of the Talking Heads song)
 "New Romance" (2011)
 "Don't Let Go" (2011)
 "Finish What We Started" (2013) (written by <mask>, Robert Schwartzman, Joe Jonas, John Lloyd Taylor)
 "Finish What We Started (Andrew Maury Remix)" (feat. Joe Jonas) (2013) (written by <mask>, Robert Schwartzman, Joe Jonas and John Lloyd Taylor)

Music videos

Awards and nominations

See also
Notable alumni of St. Mark's School of Texas

References

External links

<mask>'s official website
<mask>'s official YouTube site

<mask> at Yahoo! TV

1983 births
Living people
American male film actors
American male television actors
Male actors from Dallas
Harvard College alumni
Hasty Pudding alumni
Male actors from Washington, D.C.Musicians from Dallas
Musicians from Washington, D.C.
St. Albans School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
American people of Australian descent
American people of Norwegian descent
American people of South African

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Miles Fisher


title: Carl Weathers

texts:
<mask> (born January 14, 1948) is an American actor, television director and former American football linebacker. He is known for his roles as boxer Apollo Creed in the first four Rocky films (1976–85), George Dillon in Predator (1987), Action Jackson in Action Jackson (1988), and Chubbs Peterson in Happy Gilmore (1996) and in Little Nicky (2000), and <mask> in the Toy Story franchise. He also portrayed Det. Beaudreaux in the television series Street Justice (1991–93) and a fictionalized version of himself in the comedy series Arrested Development (2003–19), and voiced Omnitraxus Prime in Star vs. the Forces of Evil (2017–19). He has a recurring role as Greef Karga in the Star Wars series The Mandalorian (2019–). <mask> played college football at San Diego State University. After going undrafted in the 1970 NFL Draft, he signed with the Oakland Raiders.He would sign with the B.C. Lions of the Canadian Football League after being released by the Raiders. Early life
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. His father was a day laborer. As an eighth-grade student, he earned an athletic scholarship to St. Augustine High School, a private school. He was an all-around athlete, involved in boxing, football, gymnastics, judo, soccer, and wrestling. He graduated in 1966.College football career
<mask> played football as a defensive end in college. He started his college career in 1966 at Long Beach City College, where he did not play in 1966 due to an ankle injury suffered when he tripped over a curb surrounding the running track while warming up for practice with another linebacker, Paul Snow. He then transferred and played for San Diego State University, becoming a letterman for the San Diego State Aztecs in 1968 and 1969, helping the Aztecs win the 1969 Pasadena Bowl,

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 finishing with an 11–0 record, and a No. 18 ranking in the Final UPI Poll, playing for head coach Don Coryell. Professional football career

Oakland Raiders
After he went undrafted, <mask> signed with the Oakland Raiders as a free agent in 1970. Now playing as a linebacker, Weathers played in seven games for the Raiders in 1970, helping them win the  AFC West Division title, on their way to the first-ever AFC Championship Game. Weathers only played in one game in 1971, before the Raiders released him.BC Lions
He then signed with the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League in 1971 and played until 1973, playing 18 games in total. During the off-seasons, Weathers attended San Francisco State University and earned a bachelor's degree in drama in 1974. Retirement
He retired from football in 1974, and began pursuing an acting career. In his NFL career he appeared in 8 games in two seasons, but didn't record any stats. The only stat he recorded in his CFL career was a single fumble recovery. Other contributions to the NFL
Weathers narrated NFL Films' season recap of the 1999, 2000 and 2001 seasons. During the 2017 NFL Draft, he appeared on NFL Network's pre-draft coverage.Acting career
<mask> began working as an extra while still playing football. He had his first significant roles in two blaxploitation films directed by his longtime friend Arthur Marks: Bucktown (1975) and Friday Foster (1975). <mask> also appeared in an episode of the 1970s sitcom Good Times titled "The Nude", portraying an angry husband who suspected his wife of cheating on him with J.J. In 1975, he guest-starred in an episode of Kung Fu titled "The Brothers Caine", and also appeared in an episode of Cannon titled "The Hero" in 1975. In 1976, he appeared as a loan shark in an episode of the

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texts: crime-drama Starsky and Hutch, and in the Barnaby Jones episode "The Bounty Hunter" as escaped convict Jack Hopper. While auditioning for the role of Apollo Creed alongside Sylvester Stallone in Rocky, <mask> criticized Stallone's acting, which led to him getting the role. He reprised the role of Apollo Creed in the next three Rocky films: Rocky II (1979), Rocky III (1982), and Rocky IV (1985).<mask> is briefly seen as an Army MP in one of the three released versions of Close Encounters of the Third Kind (originally released in 1977). In 1978, <mask> portrayed Vince Sullivan in a TV movie, Not This Time. In the late 1970s and 1980s, <mask> starred in a number of action films for the small and big screen, including Force 10 from Navarone (1978), Predator (1987), Action Jackson (1988), and Hurricane Smith (1992). As a member of the cast of Predator, <mask> worked with future California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and future Minnesota governor Jesse Ventura. Many years later he appeared in a spoof segment on Saturday Night Live,  announcing that he was running for political office and urging viewers to vote for him on the basis that "he was the black guy in Predator. He also appeared in Michael Jackson's "Liberian Girl" music video and co-starred in the Adam Sandler comedy Happy Gilmore, as Chubbs, a golf legend teaching Happy how to play golf. He reprised the role nearly four years later in the Sandler comedy Little Nicky.During the final two seasons of In the Heat of the Night, his character, Hampton Forbes, replaced Bill Gillespie as the chief of police. Another noted TV role was Sgt. Adam Beaudreaux on the cop show Street Justice. He also played as MACV-SOG Colonel Brewster in the CBS series Tour of Duty. In 2004, Weathers received a career revival as a comedic

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title: Carl Weathers

texts: actor beginning with appearances in three episodes of the comedy series Arrested Development as a cheapskate caricature of himself, who serves as Tobias Fünke's acting coach. He was then cast in the comedies The Sasquatch Gang and The Comebacks. Weathers had a guest role in two episodes of The Shield as the former training officer of main character Vic Mackey.<mask> provided the voice for Colonel Samuel Garrett in the Pandemic Studios video game Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction. In 2005, he was a narrator on Conquest! The Price Of Victory - Witness The Journey of the Trojans!, an 18-part television show about USC athletics. <mask> is a principal of Red Tight Media, a film and video production company that specializes in tactical training films made for the United States armed forces. He also appeared in one episode of ER as the father of an injured boxer during their 2008 finale season. For the sixth film in the Rocky series, Rocky Balboa (2006), Stallone asked <mask>, Mr. T, and Dolph Lundgren for permission to use footage from their appearances in the earlier Rocky films. Mr. T and Lundgren agreed, but Weathers wanted an actual part in the movie, even though his character had died in Rocky IV.Stallone refused, and <mask> decided not to allow Stallone to use his image for flashbacks from the previous films. They instead used footage of a fighter who looks similar to Weathers. <mask> and Stallone patched up their differences and Weathers agreed to allow footage of him from previous films to be used throughout Creed. <mask> portrayed the father of Michael Strahan and Daryl "Chill" Mitchell's characters on the short-lived 2009 Fox sitcom Brothers. <mask> acted as Brian "Gebo" Fitzgerald in advertising for Old Spice's sponsorship of NASCAR driver Tony Stewart.

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title: Carl Weathers

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 He also appears in an ongoing series of web-only advertisements for Credit Union of Washington, dispensing flowers and the advice that "change is beautiful" to puzzled-looking bystanders. He is also starring in a series of commercials for Bud Light, in which he introduces plays from the "Bud Light Playbook."At the conclusion of each commercial, Weathers can be seen bursting through the Bud Light Playbook and shouting "Here we go!" In 2019, <mask> appeared as Greef Karga in several episodes of the first season of the Star Wars series, The Mandalorian. He returned for the second season and also directed the episode "Chapter 12: The Siege". His performance earned him an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor. Personal life
<mask> and his ex-wife, Mary Ann, have two sons. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
St. Augustine High School (New Orleans) alumni
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from Long Beach, California
African-American players of American football
American male voice actors
Oakland Raiders players
American players of Canadian football
BC Lions players
Canadian football linebackers
Long Beach City Vikings football players
Male actors from New Orleans
Players of American football from New Orleans
Players of American football from Long Beach, California
Players of Canadian football from New Orleans
Players of Canadian football from Long Beach, California
San Diego State Aztecs football players
San Diego State University alumni
San Francisco State University alumni
African-American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American television directors
20th-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century

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<mask><mask> (born 1964) is an American real estate investor, founder of the retail chain Ashley Stewart, and founder of global real estate company Thor Equities. Early life and education
Sitt was born in 1964 near Coney Island, Brooklyn and is of Spanish and Jewish descent. He began working at a young age in flea market booths at the Aqueduct and Roosevelt racetrack parking lots in the New York City area. At age 11, Sitt became interested in real estate when his only choice was to go to Manhattan to buy an Atari computer because he couldn't get one in Brooklyn. This eventually led Sitt to study business at New York University's Stern School of Business, and in 1986 he founded Thor Equities before graduating. Career
Sitt picked the name Thor for the company because he was an avid Thor comic book fan and thought it would fit his "concept of being the protector of the cities." His first investment was a property sold at tax auction on East Tremont Avenue in the Bronx, a chronically underserved retail area, where he built a one-story retail structure with money from "family, friends, roommates, parents of roommates."He proceeded to secure national retailers Rite Aid Pharmacy, Payless Shoes, and Rainbow Shops. In 1989, partnering with <mask> of the family that owned Rainbow Shops, he purchased for $30 million the 161-store Children’s Place retail chain and the 41-store Accessory Place retail chain from the Campeau Corporation. As part of the transaction, they then sold Accessory Place to Tribeca Corporation. From Sitt’s early realization of the retail gap that left broad swathes of inner city consumers largely underserved by major retailers, in 1991 he founded Ashley Stewart (a name inspired by Laura Ashley and Martha Stewart), which sold modern and fashionable

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title: Joseph Sitt

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 plus-size clothing to urban women. Each Ashley Stewart store hired from within the community, and the company was recognized by President Clinton for its large contribution to the nation’s innovative Welfare to Work program. After acquiring 98 stores for $61.25 million in 1998 from the bankrupt Petrie Retail Inc. (founded by Milton Petrie), Ashley Stewart grew to over 380 stores in more than 100 cities, which prompted many national retailers to follow suit and helped change the urban retail landscape. As part of the transaction with Petrie Retail, Sitt acquired Marianne Stores, a retail outlet specializing in clothing for Latina women.As business boomed, Sitt sold his interest in 2000 to concentrate on urban real estate through his company Thor Equities. In 2004, Sitt was profiled by Crains in its annual "40 Under 40" article, which reported that he had a 6 million square-foot portfolio worth nearly $750 million. In 2010, he started a brokerage business called Thor High Street (Thor Retail Advisors) that focuses on retail leasing. Today, Thor Equities is a real estate development, leasing and management firm, with headquarters in New York City, London and Mexico City. The company owns property in the United States, Canada, Europe, Russia, India and Latin America, with portfolio transactions and a development pipeline in excess of $10 billion and totaling more than 20 million square feet. Non Profit Activities and Honors

Global Gateway Alliance
<mask> is the chairman and founder of the not-for-profit Global Gateway Alliance (GGA), which was created in 2012 to address the infrastructure challenges that New York metropolitan area airports face. Sitt made an initial $1 million donation to start the group, which seeks to make New York’s airports among the best in the


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 world.On July 27, 2015, Vice President <mask> and Gov. Andrew Cuomo announced plans to modernize JFK and LaGuardia airports, which included many of the features Sitt and GGA long called for, including new terminals, greater passenger amenities, and increased transportation access. Accordingly, GGA Chairman <mask> stated this was "an important step in bringing New York’s airports into the 21st century, and a win for the more than 117 million annual passengers that use our airports and for a regional economy that relies on the airports for more than $50 billion in activity." Coney Art Walls
In May 2015, Thor Equities Group Chairman <mask> provided a $4 million donation to establish Coney Art Walls, an outdoor museum of street art curated by Mr. Sitt and Jeffrey Deitch. Located at 3050 Stillwell Avenue in Coney Island, the public art wall project features renowned local and international artists including Crash, Daze, Lee Quiñones, Ron English and Miss Van. Coney Art Walls returned in 2016 with 21 new murals, and again in 2017 and 2018. Additional philanthropy and awards
<mask> is an active board member of the Bedford Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, one of the most respected community development organizations in the United States.He was instrumental in helping restore Restoration Plaza, the neighborhood’s Town Square and the BSRC’s main asset, and bringing to the area more retail options including its first family sit-down restaurant and supermarket. In 2007, Harvard professor Michael Porter and the Initiative for a Competitive Inner City (ICIC) honored him for his commitment to fostering healthy competitive business conditions and new opportunities in inner city neighborhoods. Sitt is a managing director of Venetian Heritage, a not-for-profit organization that

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title: Jacques Kallis

texts: <mask> (born 16 October 1975) is a South African cricket coach and former cricketer. Widely regarded as one of the greatest cricketers of all time and as South Africa's greatest batsman ever, he is a right-handed batsman and right-arm fast-medium swing bowler. he is the only cricketer in the history of the game to score more than 10,000 runs and take over 250 wickets in both ODI and Test match cricket; he also took 131 ODI catches. He scored 13,289 runs in his Test match career and took 292 wickets and 200 catches. <mask> played 166 Test matches and had a batting average of over 55 runs per innings. From October to December 2007, he scored five centuries in four Test matches. With his century in the second innings of the third Test against India in January 2011, his 40th in all, he moved past Ricky Ponting to become the second-highest scorer of Test centuries, behind only Sachin Tendulkar's 51.<mask> was named Leading Cricketer in the World in 2008 Wisden for his performances in 2007 in addition to being the "ICC Test Player of the Year" and ICC Player of the Year in 2005. He has been described by Kevin Pietersen and Daryll Cullinan as the greatest cricketer to play the game, and along with Wally Hammond and Sir Garry Sobers is one of the few Test all-rounders whose Test batting average is over 50 and exceeds his Test bowling average by 20 or more. He was declared the Player of the Tournament in South Africa's victorious 1998 ICC KnockOut Trophy (now referred to as ICC Champions Trophy) campaign, which till date is South Africa's only ICC tournament win in their history. He finished as the 2nd highest run-scorer and was the leading wicket taker with 'Man of the Match' awards

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 in both the semi-final and the final. <mask> became the fourth player and first South African to score 13,000 Test runs on the opening day of the first Test against New Zealand on 2 January 2013. He was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 2013. He retired from Test and first-class cricket after playing in the second test against India at Durban in December 2013; <mask> scored his 45th Test hundred in this match, making him one of the few batsmen to score a century in his final Test.He retired from all forms of international cricket on 30 July 2014. In December 2019, it was announced that <mask> would rejoin the South African national cricket team, The Proteas, as the team's batting consultant for the duration of the summer. In August 2020, he was inducted to the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Early career and 1996 Cricket World Cup
<mask> attended and played cricket for Wynberg Boys' High School. In 2009 Wynberg honoured <mask> by naming their main cricket oval after him. As a teenager, <mask> had a brief spell with Netherfield CC in England where he established himself in Northern England – <mask> was only 19 when he spent a summer at Parkside Road back in 1995, returning 791 runs at an average of 98.87 from 14 matches before making his Test debut against England later that year. <mask> also played for Old Edwardians for a spell as a teenager, where coaching staff saw the potential for him to become a first-class all-rounder; in July 1993 he was picked for South Africa U-17's against Scotland's U-19 team.He made his first-class debut in 1993/94 as an 18-year-old, playing for Western Province B. His first Test appearance was on 14–18 December 1995 against England

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 in Durban, but he struggled with the bat in his first few matches. <mask> made his World Cup debut in 1996 in Pakistan but did not have much opportunity to excel. His breakthrough came in 1997, with 61 against Pakistan, and then two matches later, he salvaged a draw for South Africa with a fighting century against Australia at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. 1998–2002
Between 1998 and 2002, <mask> was one of the world's leading all-rounders, as seen in the ICC's cricket ratings. In 1998, he led South Africa to the ICC Champions Trophy title with two "Man of the Match" and the "Player of the Series" performances. The youngster was solid, without being spectacular, in the 1999 ICC Cricket World Cup, before a "Player of the Series" performance led South Africa to a stunning Test series victory against India in India in 2000.By late 2001 he was the world's number one ranked Test all-rounder, having held the same ranking in ODIs for the best part of 3 years. During this time, "<mask> blossomed into arguably the world's leading batsman, with a defensive technique second to none, and the adhesive qualities of a Cape Point limpet. Generally a placid and undemonstrative man, he nailed down the crucial No. 3 positions in the South African batting order after several players had been tried and discarded, and his stock rose exponentially from that moment." 2003–2014

<mask> is one of only four players in Test history (after Sir Donald Bradman and before Mohammad Yousuf and Gautam Gambhir) to make a century in five consecutive matches, which he achieved in the 2003/04 season. For his performances in 2004, 2005, and 2008, he was named in the World Test XI by ICC. He was also named in the

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texts: World ODI XI by the ICC for the year 2004 and 12th man for XI in 2005.He was also selected for the ODI XI in 2007 as well. In 2005, he set the record for the fastest half-century in Test cricket history, scoring 50 against Zimbabwe off only 24 balls. In 2007, <mask> scored five centuries in four Tests, making him just the fourth man after Bradman, Ken Barrington and Matthew Hayden to score four centuries in four Tests on two different occasions. <mask> has a remarkable batting average in the mid-50s, and was consistently rated as one of the best batsmen in the world. Although a very capable bowler with 292 Test wickets, he impressed mostly with the bat between 2005 and 2007. As a result, he evolved into more of a batting all-rounder, a role in which he continued because of the emergence of Dale Steyn, Morné Morkel, and Vernon Philander. <mask> is the only man to score over 10,000 runs and to take over 200 wickets in Test cricket.Sir Garfield Sobers managed over 8,000 runs and 200 wickets by comparison, at very similar averages. In 2005, <mask> was selected for the World XI team to play an Asian XI in a benefit match for those affected by the tsunami of 2004, along with countryman Shaun Pollock. In the same year, he was awarded the Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for the ICC player of the year. The award was shared with Andrew Flintoff of England, his only serious competitor as the world's leading all-rounder, after the votes of the academy were tied. <mask> also won the "ICC Test Player of the Year" award that year. In 2006, <mask> was awarded the captaincy of South Africa for the third and final Test match against Australia when Graeme Smith withdrew with an injury. In the 2007

masks: Kallis Kallis Kallis Kallis Kallis Kallis


title: Jacques Kallis

texts: World Cup, <mask> was South Africa's leading run-scorer with 485 runs at 80.83.He was, however, criticized in the press for scoring slowly, which cost South Africa momentum at key stages in the tournament. In August 2007, he was omitted from the 15-man South Africa squad for 2007 ICC World Twenty20, and consequently resigned as vice-captain. He was restored to the team for the Test series against Pakistan, where he scored three centuries in four innings and was awarded "Man of the Match" twice and "Player of the Series". Following his successful tour of Pakistan, <mask> scored two aggressive centuries in matches against New Zealand at Johannesburg's Wanderer's Stadium and Centurion Park in Pretoria, taking his total century count to five in four matches. Following this purple patch of form, <mask> endured three tours without success in the form of hundreds, although the Proteas secured historic series victories in England and Australia, and won a two-match series against Bangladesh at home. <mask> returned to form after an indifferent 2008 and averaged over 50 in his next six series. During this time, the Proteas won one series (against West Indies), drew four (two against India, one against England, and one against Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates), and lost one series to a resilient Australia.<mask> scored 173 in Nagpur in 2010. In the Centurion Test against India later in the year, he scored his maiden double-century in Test match cricket. His 201 not out came in a landslide victory for South Africa, as two of the team's future batting stars contributed significant hundreds of their own (AB de Villiers and future captain Hashim Amla). For the second time in his

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title: Jacques Kallis

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 career, <mask> scored twin centuries in a match, during the third Test of the series at his home ground, Newlands in Cape Town. In January 2012, <mask> scored his highest score in Tests – 224 against Sri Lanka at Newlands. The last eight series that <mask> played in for South Africa were all victories for the Proteas, except for one series draw against Pakistan in the UAE. <mask> became one of the few players in world cricket to have won two series each in England and Australia.The Proteas also won two series against New Zealand and one against each of India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, England, and Australia. Throughout this period of his career, <mask> was still valued for his bowling. He contributed valuable economic overs and had a knack for taking important wickets. In September 2014, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Sydney Thunders in the Big Bash League. In his first appearance for the Thunders, he scored important innings of 97* and picked up a wicket. The senior all-rounder (2008–2013)
In 2008 more responsibility was placed on <mask> as an all-rounder due to the retirement of Shaun Pollock. Despite the pressure, an all-rounder began to emerge in Wayne Parnell who did some good lower-order batting.<mask> endured an uncharacteristically poor 2008 with the bat, averaging well under thirty for much of it. Against the ninth-ranked Bangladesh, he averaged just 25.75 in four Test outings. He also played for Royal Challengers Bangalore in the Indian Premier League, where he averaged 16.85 runs per innings with the bat and 55.5 runs per wicket with the ball at an economy rate of 9.65 in the 7 matches he played before he was dropped. Home and away series against Australia

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title: Jacques Kallis

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 (2008–09)

South Africa toured Australia for a three-match Test series and five-match ODI series starting in December 2008. The tourists had a successful 9–2 Test win-loss ratio in 2008; however, Australia had just come off a 2–0 away series defeat against India and had a 5–3 ratio for the calendar year. Before the series, <mask> had a batting average of 38.32 in 18 Tests against the number one ranked team, substantially lower than his overall average of 55.06. Despite an average of 124.50 in 12 Tests against lowly ranked Zimbabwe and Bangladesh, former Australia fast-bowler Rodney Hogg labeled the all-rounder "a flat-track bully, who dishes it out to the minnows like Bangladesh and Zimbabwe but goes missing against the Australians."In the first Test starting on 17 December, <mask> scored 63 in South Africa's first innings, before he was dismissed by Mitchell Johnson, in the midst of a bowling spell consisting of 5/2 in 20 balls. After failing to make a breakthrough in Australia's first innings, <mask> took 3/24 in their second, while completing four catches in the match. He then scored 57, while being involved in a 124-run partnership with AB de Villiers, as South Africa chased down 414, the second-highest fourth-innings run-chase in Test history. In the second Test in Melbourne starting on Boxing Day, <mask> struggled to be potent in Australia's first innings, taking 1/55. While making a start in his team's first dig, he managed only 26, before taking 2/57 when the home-side batted again. Chasing just 183, <mask> was not required to bat, as South Africa completed their first Test series victory in Australia. In Australia's 103 run Third Test victory in Sydney, <mask>


title: Jacques Kallis

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 struggled, taking 1/54 and 0/13 with the ball, while scoring 37 and four with the bat.The win was South Africa's 11th in a year in which they drew with India in India, defeated England in England, Australia in Australia, and also recorded series wins over West Indies and Bangladesh. <mask> was featured in all of those matches and remains an integral part of the champion side's set-up. For his performances in 2010, 2011 and 2012, he was named in the World Test XI by the ICC. On 10 April 2013 he was named one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year for 2013. Injuries continued achievement and records
<mask> participated in the tour of the West Indies, in which he scored his 35th test cricket century. <mask> injured his neck during the 2010 Champions League Twenty20 playing for the Royal Challengers Bangalore and missed the Twenty20 and ODI series against Zimbabwe. He returned for the ODI series against Pakistan, scoring 66 before having to retire hurt with a cramp.He did, however, manage to lay the foundations for an eight-wicket victory. For his performances in 2010 and 2012, he was named in the Cricinfo IPL XI.. In the same ODI <mask> scored his 129th ODI six, a record for a South African in the format. However, he picked up an injury and was a doubtful starter for the second ODI. In December 2010, on the 3rd day of the first test against India, <mask> scored his maiden double century, scoring 201* (not out). <mask> was selected by South Africa for the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup. In the 2011–12 season, <mask> scored his second double century in Test cricket, reaching 224 in South Africa's first innings of the third Test of the home series against Sri Lanka.The Test was

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 <mask>'s 150th; he became the sixth player in history and the first South African to reach this milestone. After the series, former Indian captain Sourav Ganguly said that he considered <mask> to be the "most-effective player" in Test cricket. Brett Lee named <mask> as the best player in the world in an interview after their victory for Kolkata Knight Riders for his performance in IPL 2012 final against Chennai Super Kings. He played a crucial role in the qualification of the Royal Challengers Bangalore for the Champions League T20 during IPL-3 and later on played a crucial role in the triumph of Kolkata Knight Riders in IPL-5, scoring a total of 407 runs and taking 15 wickets. Coaching career

<mask> was appointed head coach of Kolkata Knight Riders in October 2015 when head coach Trevor Bayliss resigned to take over as head coach of England cricket team in June 2015. <mask> was also batting consultant of KKR for 2015 Indian Premier League season. In December 2019, <mask> was appointed as batting consultant for South Africa national cricket team.As of late 2020 he is a batting consultant for the England national cricket team. Playing style and comparisons
<mask> has earned high praise for his orthodox batting technique. In an article for the Telegraph in July 2012, former England batsman and captain Michael Vaughan wrote that <mask>, "as a batsman, is the best player in the world.". He described <mask>' batting in more detail:
Whether on the front or back foot, he plays well on the on- and off-side. He’s not Brian Lara or Ricky Ponting in terms of aggression or flair but he is rock solid and, added to that, has every shot in the book. Also, his cover drive and flick off

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