title: Joe Smith Jr.

texts:
 second knockdown by referee Hector Afu.The official time of the stoppage was at 2:32. <mask> caught Fonfara with a big right hand that dropped him. Fonfara got back to his feet. The referee let the fight continue. When the action resumed, <mask> landed a left hook that snapped Fonfara's head back. <mask> then followed up with a hard right hand to the head that dropped Fonfara in the corner, which ended the fight. The win also ended Fonfara's 15 fight undefeated streak at the UIC Pavilion.The fight took place on Premier Boxing Champions on NBC. The whole card averaged 1.32 million viewers. <mask> vs. Hopkins
Former multiple weight world champion Bernard Hopkins (55-7-2, 32 KOs) announced he would be having a farewell fight at The Forum in Inglewood, California on December 17, 2016. He picked <mask> as his final opponent. Hopkins would be coming out of a two-year layoff having last fought in 2014 in a decision loss to then unified light heavyweight champion Sergey Kovalev. <mask> was said to be 'excited' to be fighting on HBO, a card promoted by Golden Boy. Both boxers weighed in at 174 pounds.On fight night, in front of a 6,513 crowd, <mask> upset and defeated Hopkins via KO when he knocked him out of the ring in the 8th round; Hopkins failed to make it back into the ring as referee Jack Reiss gave his 20-count. He became the first boxer to stop Hopkins inside the distance. <mask> started much stronger than expected and his speed and power seemed to surprise Hopkins. In the 8th round, <mask> caught Hopkins in the corner and landed five shots to the head that knocked him out of the ring. Hopkins said he was hurt and couldn't get back into the ring. He insisted that he’d been pushed out of the ring, but replays

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Joe Smith Jr.

type: original

texts:
 showed it wasn't a push. Hopkins spoke to HBO in the post fight interview, "He shoved me out of the ring.My ankle got twisted when I fell out of the ring. I couldn't stand on my feet ... I can’t believe they gave him a TKO. They can call it a no-contest but not a loss. The momentum from his body pushed me. I went out like a soldier. I’m not in denial."<mask> retained his WBC International light heavyweight title with the win and spoke of his respect for Hopkins in the post-fight, stating he is 'a true champion'. Hopkins' reported purse was $800,000, compared to <mask>'s $140,000. According to Ringtv, the fight averaged 934,000 viewers, peaking at 1.035m on HBO. <mask> vs. Barrera
In March 2017, the WBC ordered a final eliminator between <mask> and Oleksandr Gvozdyk, ranked third and fourth respectively by the WBC. The winner of the fight would then become the secondary mandatory challenger for the world title. On May 12, Boxing Scene confirmed a deal was in place for <mask> to fight Cuban light heavyweight contender Sullivan Barrera (19-1, 14 KOs). Early reports indicated the fight would be part of a HBO triple-header also featuring Miguel Berchelt defending his WBC super featherweight title against mandated Takashi Miura on July 15, 2017 in Inglewood, California.The fight was officially confirmed on May 18 and shown live on HBO: Boxing After Dark. <mask> knocked Barrera down in round one with a left hook to the head, but was dominated for the rest of the fight and went on to lose via unanimous decision after 10 rounds. The three judges scored the fight 97-92, 97-92 and 96-93 all in favour of Barrera. <mask> was beaten to the punch in almost every round, only landing 61 of his 320 punches thrown (19%), whilst

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Joe Smith Jr.

texts:
 Barrera was more accurate in landing 187 of 484 thrown (39%). In round 4, <mask> was hit with a clean uppercut and by the end of round 7, his team urged him to go for a knockout. Referee Jack Reiss had the ringside doctor take a look at <mask> after the seventh, but the fight continued. Ringtv scored the fight wider 98-91, only giving <mask> two rounds.It was revealed after the fight there was confusion in Barrera's corner as well as the HBO commentary team in regards to the fight being 10 rounds instead of 12. The referee told both boxers to touch gloves at the start of the 10th round. At first the HBO commentary thought the referee had made a mistake, but were later told, both fighters agreed to the fight being 10 rounds. The fight averaged 617,000 viewers on HBO and peaked at 719,000 viewers. According to ESPN, <mask> may have sustained a suspected head injury and taken to hospital after the fight. <mask> accepted defeat to the better man, "Sullivan Barrera fought a good fight, and I congratulate him." <mask> earned a career high purse of $160,000 compared to Barrera, who earned $130,000 for his win.A few days later, <mask> released a statement on social media that he had broken his jaw and believed to have broken it in round two, "Somewhere during the second round I was injured and was in a lot of pain, but I did not want to let it show and I refused to quit." As the fight went on, he admitted the pain got worse and the fight got tougher. On July 20, <mask> had surgery to repair his broken jaw. The surgery took place at the Stony Brook University Hospital in Stony Brook, New York. Career from 2018
In January 2018, according to his promoter <mask>, <mask> was looking to make a ring return around May 2018.

masks:
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Joe DeGuardia
Smith


title: Joe Smith Jr.

texts:
 DeGuardia stated that he wanted to create an event around <mask>, however did not mention whether <mask> would fight a top contender. On May 9, it was announced that <mask> would make his return to the ring at the Mohegan Sun Arena in Montville, Connecticut on June 30, 2018.On May 31, it was confirmed that 39 year old Melvin Russell (11-4-2, 7 KO's) would be <mask>'s opponent in a 10-round bout. <mask> dropped Russell twice in round 1 before the referee stopped the bout after just 1 minute 45 seconds. After the bout, <mask> called for a bout with then-WBO champion Sergey Kovalev. <mask> vs. Beterbiev
In September 2018, it was reported a deal was being worked out for <mask> to challenge Russian boxer Dmitry Bivol for his WBA light heavyweight title. On October 15, Yvon Michel told the LA Presse that <mask> was in talks to challenge his fighter, the IBF champion Artur Beterbiev (13-0, 13 KOs), on a card that would take place on DAZN. <mask>'s manager, <mask> of Star Boxing also confirmed the Beterbiev fight was the one they would pursue. According to Le Journal de Montréal on November 3, Beterbiev decided against defending his title on December 15 against <mask> and instead stated he would fight him in early 2019 instead.On March 9, 2019, <mask> challenged WBA champion Dmitry Bivol for his light heavyweight version of the belt. <mask> managed to stun Bivol at the end of the tenth round, and Bivol needed the ropes to balance his way to the corner. Bivol, however, dominated most of the fight and came very close to stopping <mask> just before the final bell. The scorecards read 119-109, 119-109 and 118-110 in favor of the champion. In his next fight, <mask> battled Jesse Hart. <mask> roughed up Hart, and knocked him

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Joe DeGuardia
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title: Joe Smith Jr.

texts:
 down en route to a split-decision victory. Two judges had it 98-91 and 97-92 for <mask>, while the third judge had Hart winning the fight, 95-94, the last scorecard deemed controversial by both media and fans alike.On 22 August, 2020, <mask>, ranked #4 by the WBO, #7 by the IBF, #8 by the WBC and #8 by The Ring at light heavyweight, fought Eleider Alvarez, ranked #3 by the WBO, #6 by the WBC and #4 by The Ring. In what was a WBO title shot eliminator, <mask>, usually regarded as more of a brawler, showcased his boxing skills en route to a ninth-round KO win. <mask> caught Alvarez with two right hands, which sent the Colombian under the ropes and ended the fight. <mask> vs. Vlasov
On April 10, 2020, <mask>. challenged Maxim Vlasov for the vacant WBO World Light Heavyweight Title. <mask>. was able to capture the title via a controversial majority decision. Two judges had it 115-113 and 115-112 for <mask>, while the third judge had it tied at 114-114. <mask> vs. Geffrard
<mask> was expected to make his first WBO title defense against the #5 ranked WBO light heavyweight contender Callum Johnson on January 15, 2022, at the Turning Stone Resort Casino in Verona, New York.On January 6, 2022, it was revealed that Johnson was forced to withdraw from the bout due to a positive COVID-19 test. He was replaced by Steve Geffrard, who stepped in on a weeks notice. The bout was broadcast by ESPN and Sky Sports. <mask> stopped Geffrard in the 9th round. Professional boxing record

References

External links

<mask> Jr - Profile, News Archive & Current Rankings at Box.Live

Living people
1989 births
American male boxers
World light-heavyweight boxing champions
People from Long Island
Boxers from New York (state)
World Boxing

masks:
Smith Jr
Smith Jr
Smith Jr
Smith Jr
Smith
Smith Jr
Smith Jr
Smith Jr
Smith
Smith
Smith
Joe Smith


title: Amos Yarkoni

texts:
<mask> () (born 1 June 1920 — died 7 February 1991), was an officer in the Israel Defense Forces and one of six Israeli Arabs to have received the IDF's third highest decoration, the Medal of Distinguished Service. He was the first commander of the Shaked Reconnaissance Battalion of Israel's Southern command. Service in the IDF

Early years
<mask> was born Abd el-Majid Hidr () in the Bedouin village of Na'ura (east of Afula, in the Gilboa region of northern Israel). His family were Muslim Bedouin of the Mazarib tribe. In 1936, at the age of 16, he joined a band which sabotaged the Trans-Arabian Pipeline (Tapline), an oil pipeline running from the Iraqi oilfields to Haifa while Palestine was under British Administration (after Israeli independence, the Tapline was redirected to Sidon, Lebanon). Due to an internal disagreement within the band, Abd el-Majid fled to a Jewish area of Palestine, where he was sheltered by Jews. There, he made contacts in the Haganah through Moshe Dayan.Abd el-Majid kept in touch with Dayan up until the War of Independence. In December 1947, as the war raged, he placed his destiny with the Jews, joining the nascent IDF and changing his name to <mask>. <mask> served in a number of units during the War of Independence, eventually settling in the Minorities Unit, and proved himself to be an excellent tracker and patrolman, continually astounding his fellow soldiers with his abilities. In 1953, <mask> passed the Officer's Course (his main concern being that the exam was in Hebrew), and went on to

masks:
Sgan aluf Amos Yarkoni
Yarkoni
Amos Yarkoni
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title: Amos Yarkoni

texts:
 become the Commanding Officer of the Minorities Unit. Shaked
In 1955, the frequency and effectiveness of Fedayeen attacks being launched from the Egyptian-controlled Gaza Strip and the Jordanian-controlled Hebron Hills area against isolated Israeli civilian communities increased, and the IDF searched for new ways to eliminate the threat. Rehavam Zeevi, then a senior officer in the Southern Command and in charge of securing the isolated towns of the Jordan Valley, recommended <mask> for the task. <mask> and Zeevi had met some years earlier, when serving in a joint minorities/Jewish unit, and remained close friends for the rest of their lives.<mask> accepted the recommendation, and the IDF tracking and counter-terrorism unit was formed under his guidance and command. The unit was named "Shaked" (, lit. almond. Because the almond blooms early, the word also has connotations of diligent or perseverant). Shaked was also an acronym for  (Shomrei Kav ha Darom, Guardians of the Southern Border). The unit fielded both Jews and non-Jews, yet when it came to Bedouin recruits, <mask> was careful to accept only Bedouins from northern Israel (rather than the south of the country), so that they would not have to fight against their tribal brethren. Yarkoni was based in the Negev for many years, and was involved in countless operations.He was wounded many times, and his body was peppered with bullet and shrapnel wounds. He lost his right hand in combat in November 1959, and was badly wounded in the leg in an explosion. In 1961, after

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Amos Yarkoni
Yarkoni
Yarkoni
Amos


title: Amos Yarkoni

texts:
 his recovery, <mask> was re-appointed as Commanding Officer of the Shaked Battalion. At the time, the Military Commander commented that "if Moshe Dayan could be the Ramatkal (Chief of General Staff) without an eye, we can have a Battalion Commander with a prosthetic hand". Even by this stage, many Israelis did not know that <mask> was not Jewish: most simply assumed he was a Jew from an Arab country. A running joke among those who did know was "Fouad the Jew and <mask> the Bedouin", referring to the two lead officers of counter-insurgency in the Jordan Valley: "Fouad" Ben-Eliezer, an Iraqi-born Jew with an Arabic name, and <mask>, a Bedouin with a typically Sabra/Israeli name. During the Six-Day War (1967), <mask> served on the Sinai front.After years of distinguished service, <mask> retired from the IDF in 1969. Death
<mask> died on February 7, 1991, after a prolonged battle with cancer, aged 70. His old friend, Rehavam Ze'evi, requested that the IDF bury <mask> in a military cemetery, despite the fact that as a retired soldier, he was technically ineligible for a military burial. Both then-Minister of Defense, Moshe Arens, and the Head of Manpower for the IDF approved the request. In a mark of respect to <mask>, and going against military tradition, <mask>'s coffin was carried by soldiers of a higher rank than him: six Brigadier Generals – his former commanding officers – carried his coffin. Behind the coffin marched the President of Israel, Chaim Herzog, political and military leaders, and ordinary Israelis from

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Amos Yarkoni
Amos
Amos Yarkoni
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Yarkoni
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title: Amos Yarkoni

texts:
 all walks of life. Also included in the cortège were former members of the Shaked Battalion.Legacy
Streets in several towns are named for him (including in Beer Sheva and Haifa). Burial controversy
Because <mask> was not Jewish, there was a problem with burying him in the Military Cemetery at Kiryat Shaul. (According to Orthodox Jewish burial law, Jews must be buried among Jews.) There was an outcry over the unseemliness of the impediment to burying a hero of the stature of <mask> in a Military Cemetery. The matter was resolved quickly when Rehavam Zeevi, Yarkoni's lifelong friend and comrade, purchased a grave in the cemetery for himself, allowing <mask> to be buried at the end of the row, and therefore technically not in the Jewish part of the cemetery. The incident over <mask>’s burial, and the increasing numbers of non-Jewish soldiers (especially after the influx from the former Soviet Union in the early 1990s) has seen the system of burial for non-Jews in Jewish military cemeteries streamlined. References

External links
Katz, Sam, and Ronald Volstad.Israeli Elite Units Since 1948. Oxford: Osprey Publishing Ltd., 1988
Ministry of Defense Izkor website
Ministry of Defense Izkor website, citation
The Shaked Battalion Webpage
Biography of Rehavam Zeevi

1920 births
1991 deaths
Bedouin Israelis
Israeli military personnel
Israeli civil servants
Recipients of the Medal of Distinguished Service
Arab supporters of Israel
Israeli Muslims
Deaths from cancer in Israel
Place of death missing
Burials at Kiryat Shaul

masks:
Yarkoni
Amos Yarkoni
Yarkoni
Yarkoni


title: Kate JasonSmith

texts:
<mask> (born 1950) is a New Zealand actor, film producer, playwright, filmmaker, photographer, and businesswoman. Based in Wellington, she has studied and worked elsewhere, including Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. A feminist, as a theatre and film practitioner, she has been most recognized throughout her career for her role in establishing and producing Hens' Teeth, a platform for dozens of Kiwi female actors, musicians, and comedians that became a staple of the New Zealand theatre and comedy scene between 1988 and 1996. Her short film, Xmas for Lou (1992), won the Best Drama – Television award in the New Zealand Film and Television Awards of 1994. From 2018 on, the one-woman show I'll Tell You This for Nothing: My Mother the War Hero has received national and international praise for both the play, which she wrote, and her performance. <mask> is a member of the New Zealand Society of Authors/Te Puni Kaituhi O Aotearoa (PEN NZ Inc.). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Eastbourne, England, in 1950.Her mother, Phyllis Garvin <mask>, was a nurse on the European front during World War II; her father, Jason Lewis Francis Smith, was an officer during the war, and an architect by trade after the war. Both Irish, her parents emigrated to New Zealand in part because her mother was Protestant and her father was Catholic. <mask> completed a Dip Design in 1967 from Wellington Polytechnic (where Len Lye also studied) before obtaining a Dip Film Planning and Production from the New South Wales Institute of Technology in Sydney in 1987. She received a BA in Theatre and Film from Victoria University of Wellington in 1998. In 2002 she received a Society for Research on Women (administered by the New Horizons for Women Trust) award to do research on the number and type of female roles on New Zealand stages and screens for the 2002 year; the results were part of work she did toward a BA (Hons). Career
In 2000 she and Lorae

masks:
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Kate JasonSmith
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title: Kate JasonSmith

texts: Parry were tutors for acting on screen at the Performing Arts Centre, Wellington. In 2002/03 <mask> researched the funding available for women working in New Zealand theatre, film, and television as well as statistics on roles for women both on stage/in front of the camera and behind the scenes/below the line."My first job at 18 was as an actress. Following fast upon the heels of the heady glory was the disgust that all the good parts were written for men. When I asked why, I was told 'Because women don't do anything interesting.' The real horror of that statement was that for years I believed it, in spite of the wealth of evidence around me to the contrary. Finally I asked the right question, why women weren't writing plays and was told 'You're a woman, why don't you write plays.' It was good advice—the reason I've created anything of importance in my life is because I've given up waiting for someone else to do it.'" In 1971 <mask> "heard that the [National] Film Unit were training people as directors.She had just completed a tour with Sam Neill and the New Zealand Players and thought: 'I'd be quite a good person because I've spent two years working as a professional actor and I've got a year at Design School. So I wrote and said I was interested in being trained as a director. And they wrote a letter back to me saying that they didn't train women as directors because they got married and had children.' To make it worse, Sam Neill applied at the same time for the same position and was accepted." <mask> was also among a number of women who "were told they couldn't be camerawomen because the gear was too heavy—even though in <mask>'s case she had been carrying heavy mail bags up and down the hills of Wellington while working as a postie." In 1976, <mask>, along with Donna Cross, Christine Poland, and Nina Dawidowska, formed "a women-only art studio-gallery ... called Nga Tamahine Marama—the daughters of light, sun, moon and

masks: JasonSmith JasonSmith JasonSmith Kate JasonSmith


title: Kate JasonSmith

texts: stars." Located in Wellington, it was established with the aim of encouraging "women to work according to their own way of seeing things, based on the premise that men and women view life from very different perspectives [because] in a male-dominated world, women's different insights and different kinds of creativity are too often scorned by the male critics."Hens' Teeth likewise included many sketches that involved the "deconstruction of gender on stage," as theatre historian Hannah Banks said with regard to regular acts involving irony resulting from cross-dressing characters. This interest in women's opportunities within the creative arts has been a life-long concern for <mask>. In 2016 and in 2018, Playmarket, "New Zealand's national playwriting agency," released statistical research on "what was being performed" over a given period of time in the country's major theatres, including information about the involvement of women relative to men. The later research "depicted the significant difference in the amount of works by women" that were performed. Adopting Māori cultural practice, <mask> called a "Hui on Women in Theatre" "to discuss the representation of women in New Zealand theatre," which was held "on the 19th September 2016, the 123rd anniversary of women gaining the right to vote in Aotearoa. ... Around one hundred people attended the two sessions at Circa Theatre in Wellington, ... made up ... predominantly of women, of all ages and stages in their careers including actors, directors, designers, writers, producers and academics." <mask> gave the first of two introductory presentations at this meeting, in which she "welcomed everyone and spoke of the times she has experienced injustice and discrimination against women in the New Zealand theatre industry."Among other things, this led to an interview broadcast on Standing Room Only, a weekly arts show aired nationally by Radio New Zealand. The follow-up meeting, an

masks: JasonSmith JasonSmith JasonSmith


title: Kate JasonSmith

texts:
 "all-day event" held on 11 March 2017 and "convened by Linda Wilson and <mask>," featured a keynote address by Gaylene Preston, in which she "made the observation that corporate talk of goals and list making were not applicable to the theatrical life – career paths were replaced by "people who just do stuff." Nonetheless, as the hui closed "<mask> introduced the concept of 50/50 by 20/20, meaning a goal of 50% participation and recognition of women in theatre by 2020." Theatre
In 1969 <mask> toured with a group called "Children's Art Theatre that used to go round all the primary schools in New Zealand." An early play, Charge, "was performed on the London stage in 1978." Later in her career she directed Scarlet & Gold, a play written by Lorae Parry, that had its premiere at Circa Theatre in 2016 and was "a finalist for the 2016 Adam Play Award." Hens' Teeth Women's Comedy Company
The name Hens' Teeth "pointed to the scarcity of female comedians"; the group's creation followed <mask>'s "attendance at a women's comedy festival in Sydney."Under the larger heading of "Social issues on stage," Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand devotes its paragraph on feminist cabaret to <mask>: "Second-wave feminism also picked up on the power of cabaret, initially with <mask>'s The carefree show (1976) at Unity Theatre, Wellington" and then with Hens' Teeth, a women's comedy show." The show, what participant Madeline McNamara has called "feminist devised comedy," debuted in Wellington's Circa Theatre in December 1988 and "broke box office records." According to Hannah Banks, "A typical Hens' Teeth show would always start with the Mother Chook, Lee Hatherly," who would warm up the audience with direct—sometimes physically direct—interaction with the audience; "then what followed really was like a variety show. So it had its roots in music hall." "Hen's Teeth [sic] performed as a company regularly throughout the 1990s and then after a

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Kate JasonSmith
JasonSmith
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title: Kate JasonSmith

texts:
 sixteen-year hiatus, they performed again at Circa Theatre in 2017 as part of WTF! Women's TheatreFestival." The group's producer throughout its existence, <mask> rarely appeared as a performer, although she was sometimes the MC.Comedians, actors, and musicians, and dozens of other major figures in New Zealand theatre, film, and television who were involved in the group included Dame <mask> and Dame Gaylene Preston. I'll Tell You This for Nothing
Directed by Jan Bolwell, produced by Shirley Domb, with a soundscape by David Downes and the help of Deb Filler as dramaturge, the one-woman play I'll Tell You This for Nothing (subtitled My Mother the War Hero), written and acted by <mask>, honors <mask>, <mask>'s mother, covering her Irish Protestant background, her experiences as a nurse during WWII that earned her the French Légion d'honneur, her marriage to an Irish Catholic that led to their emigrating from Ireland to New Zealand, and the impact of this background and her mother's experience on <mask> herself. As well as being among the few nurses at the front from D-Day on, Phyllis was among the small number of medical personnel who went into Bergen Belsen once it was liberated. The play premiered at BATS Theatre in November 2018 and toured around New Zealand over the next few months. One early reviewer called the play "a show about the life of an ordinary woman who achieved extraordinary things" and said that it managed "to create an effective balance between personal experience and the larger historical events through which Phyllis moves." Another reviewer, writing shortly after the Christchurch massacre in 2019, noted "the underbelly of racism and religious intolerance in our communities. Against this backdrop, the story of <mask>'s experiences as a nurse in the last days of World War II is all the more poignant, all the more valid.... Probably the most poignant aspect of Phyllis' story is that ... as an Irish Protestant,

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title: Kate JasonSmith

texts:
 Phyllis knows her mother will never accept her Irish Catholic beau, but there is no denying the love and friendship that springs up between them amidst the violent explosions of wartime Europe. ... She has seen first-hand the impact of religious hatred and bigotry, and she will never allow these feelings to take root within her." Cut to just under 60 minutes to fit the Edinburgh Fringe Festival format, I'll Tell You This for Nothing had a month-long run there in 2019. Promotional material for this iteration of the play described it as follows: "Irish-born Phyllis was one of only two New Zealand women ever to have been honoured with France's highest decoration, the Légion d'Honneur, for extreme bravery in WWII. She spoke of bombs screaming overhead, crawling around the hospital tents on their knees, the constant stream of wounded and dying soldiers. Not all her stories were tragic, most had a lighter side, a twist, a punchline.Award-winning director and actor <mask> brings to life the dramatic and often humorous tale of her mother's life in this acclaimed show about war, courage and romance." Acting the various characters involved in her mother's experiences, <mask> makes use of her skill with accents from various languages and regions. The Scotsman's reviewer wrote that she "is a brisk and lively solo storyteller, and her facility for accents helps her paint a picture of those times through its characters, particularly when she inhabits her wide-eyed young Irish mother and the much older woman reminiscing with the young <mask>." Film and television
As an actor, <mask> has appeared in Peter Jackson's splatstick film Braindead (1992), as well as The Hobbit (2012). She also had a role in Gaylene Preston's Bread and Roses (1993), as well as other New Zealand films and television productions. "In the 1970s she worked as a television designer in Dublin and for the BBC." In 1987 "<mask> and a collective of Australian film-makers

masks:
JasonSmith
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Kate
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title: Kate JasonSmith

texts:
 directed The Quick Window ... a non-linear narrative on the margin of memory and fantasy in an old man's mind."The bulk of her other film work (apart from acting) "reflects her interest in exploring her experiences and choices as a woman." <mask>'s work as a film and television director from 1985 through 1996 has included short, semi-experimental student films, a dramatic short drama, an episode of a television arts program, and a short drama commissioned by the Wellington South Community Law Centre "exploring legal issues for lesbians." Reflections (1981), for example, is a 2-minute film, shown at the Sydney 8mm film festival that involves images interpreting a poem read in voice-over; "I was trying to do to poetry what people were just starting at that time to do to music with video clips." The Quick Window (1988) is set in a Sydney café, features an elderly male protagonist, and uses the café's glass window in part to reflect the man's memories as well as show the present. It was edited by Annie Collins and features Australian as well as New Zealand actors such as Jennifer Ludlam and Cathy Downes, along with <mask>'s own mother, Phyllis. Xmas for Lou
"In the early 90s, having been offered a number of projects that were too long to be short films, [producer Robin] Laing came up with the idea of an anthology series for television." Working through her own Meridian Films production company, and increasingly "concerned about the lack of New Zealand drama, and more importantly the lack of women's perspective on television, [Laing] gathered together an impressive line-up of female film-makers and produced a four-part Anthology Drama series."The individual films were "ultimately screened in two different slots, including as the first Kiwi entries on the Montana Sunday Theatre series." The directors included Gaylene Preston (Married), Shereen Maloney (Mother Tongue), Pat Robins (Matrons of Honour), and <mask> (Xmas for Lou); the


title: Kate JasonSmith

texts:
 writers included Sue McCauley and Joy Cowley, both well-known New Zealand authors at that point; editors Dell King and Annie Collins, and composers Jan Preston and Michelle Scullion. Xmas for Lou (1992), a short drama of 52 minutes made on 16mm in color, celebrates 1950s New Zealand culture while presenting "a story of adoption and of the love and hate between two sisters." Executive produced by Robin Laing and produced and edited by Annie Collins, a 50-minute version of it aired on New Zealand television as part of the Work of Art series in 1993. It also had a screening at Wellington's City Gallery on 28 November 1993 as part of a series of film screenings to celebrate the Centenary of Suffrage in New Zealand. Writing about "women's film in Aotearoa New Zealand in 1973–1993," Deborah Shepard includes <mask>'s Xmas for Lou along with films by Jane Campion and Anna Campion in a discussion of themes appearing towards the end of that period. They all present "the family as a melting pot of chaotic and perverse emotions" along with "the vulnerability of the young girl [protagonist] caught up in perplexing adult emotions."Xmas for Lou shares Kiwi Christmas traditions combined with a beach setting with contemporaneous examples of Kiwi film and theatre, e.g., Dorthe Scheffmann's short film The Beach (1995) and Robert Lord's last play, Joyful and Triumphant, which was first performed on stage in 1992 and then adapted for television and broadcast around Christmastime in 1993. Xmas for Lou also "broke new ground" in its portrayal of "the fierce ambivalence between sisters," played by Joanne Simpson and Madeline McNamara, who was part of the Hens' Teeth company. Following passage in 1985 of the Adult Adoption Information Act, adoption remained a current issue for discussion into the 1990s. Additional professional activities
With her partner, Francesca Brice, <mask> set up Pacific Perfumes in 2002, through which they sell perfumes and

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title: Kate JasonSmith

texts:
 other products in Aotearoa New Zealand as well as overseas. In 2011 the company participated in an international competition, the HBA International Package Design Awards, and won top honors in the green category, beating such competitors as "the Estee Lauder subsidiary Aveda." The award led to access to the US market as well as "inquiries from South Africa, Australia and the UK"; half their product already went "mainly to the tourist markets in Fiji and Hawaii but also to various stores in Canada and Australia, and to online retailers." In 2011 the company was selling "about 30,000 pots of cream perfume annually."Filmography

Director
1975, Meanwhile (documentary; co-film maker with Annie Collins, Donna Cross, Jerry Smith, and others)
1982, Reflections (2 min; director; Australia)
1982, Shifting (drama – director)
1987, The Quick Window (15 min; experimental; writer, director, producer; New Zealand/Australia)
1992, Xmas for Lou (TV drama; director)
1993, The Edge (TV arts series; episode director)
1995, Mel's Amazing Movies (children's TV drama; director)
1996, Lesbians and the Law (14 min drama; director)

Actor
1992, Braindead Mother at Park (US title: Dead Alive – Peter Jackson, director)
1993, Bread and Roses (Gaylene Preston, director)
1997, Mirror Mirror Doctor (NZ television drama)
1999, Ouch Isabel (Short film: Brian Challis, director; Ainsley Gardiner, producer)
2003–2005, Freaky Mrs Bond (NZ television series)
2009, Separation City Female Guest No. 1 (as <mask> Smith)
2012, The Hobbit Featured Extra (Peter Jackson, director)

References

Feminist artists
New Zealand comedians
New Zealand stage actresses
New Zealand film producers
New Zealand film directors
New Zealand businesswomen
20th-century New Zealand dramatists and playwrights
1950 births
Living people
People from Eastbourne
20th-century New Zealand women writers
New Zealand women dramatists and playwrights
New Zealand women film producers
New Zealand film


title: Muna Lee (writer)

texts:
<mask> (January 29, 1895 – April 3, 1965) was an American poet, author, and activist, who first became known and widely published as a lyric poet in the early 20th century. She also was known for her writings that promoted Pan-Americanism and feminism. She translated and published in Poetry a 1925 landmark anthology of Latin American poets, and continued to translate from poetry in Spanish. A long-term resident of Puerto Rico from 1920 to her death 45 years later, she was an activist in the 1920s and 1930s, working on issues of women's suffrage and equal rights in Puerto Rico and Latin America. <mask> worked for more than two decades in cultural affairs for the United States State Department, promoting artistic and literature exchanges between Latin America and the US, as well as other countries. Biography
Born in Raymond, Mississippi in 1895, the eldest of nine children, <mask> was the daughter of <mask>, "a self-taught druggist" and son of a planter, and Mary Maud (McWilliams) <mask>, whose father was a physician. Three of her siblings died in infancy.Her parents encouraged her early interest in literature and art. When Muna was seven her family moved to Hugo, Oklahoma, where her father set up his store. It was in the heart of "Indian country", at a time when many whites were moving to Oklahoma. <mask> returned to Mississippi at age 14 to attend Blue Mountain College (then scaled like a prep school). After a year and summer study at the University of Oklahoma, she went on to the University of Mississippi, where she graduated in 1913 at the age of eighteen. <mask> published her first poem soon after. After college, she started working as a teacher in Oklahoma, then in Texas.By fall of 1916, she was teaching in Tonkawa, Oklahoma, at a new junior college, University Preparatory School (now Northern Oklahoma College). Through all these moves and her teaching, she kept writing and submitting poems to magazines. In 1916, she succeeded in getting several poems

masks:
Muna Lee
Lee
Lee
Benjamin Floyd Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee


title: Muna Lee (writer)

texts:
 published in national literary magazines: Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, Smart Set, Contemporary Verse, and Others: A Magazine of the New Verse. Three of these were new magazines devoted to contemporary poetry. Her year of publication was crowned in September by her winning the first Lyric Prize of Poetry magazine. <mask> taught herself Spanish and got a job with the United States Secret Service in New York City, where she worked as a translator during World War I. She translated confidential letters from Spanish, Portuguese and French.By this time she had already published two dozen poems in Smart Set, and was its second-most frequent contributor. In New York, she quickly learned about the Pan American movements and began to explore Latin American literature. In 1918 she had poems published in Pan American Poetry and Pan-American Magazine. All were translated by Nicaraguan poet Salomón de la Selva, who was editor-in-chief of the poetry magazine). Marriage and family
It was through her poetry being translated into Spanish and published in the Pan American magazines that she met her future husband Luis Muñoz Marín, a Puerto Rican poet and journalist. He had started a new bilingual magazine "devoted to Pan-American culture," called Revista de Indias (Indies Review), and wanted to publish her work. The magazine soon folded but was a sign of the artistic ferment in the city.They became passionately involved and were married on July 1, 1919. The couple moved to Puerto Rico in 1920, but divided their time between New York and Puerto Rico for years. Soon they had two children together: daughter <mask> Muñoz <mask> (known as Munita) and son Luis Muñoz <mask> (known as Luisito). They were often separated; Muñoz Marín lived in Greenwich Village for extended periods, due to his dependence on opium, in the 1920s as he continued to work at poetry. They were legally separated by 1938 and officially divorced on November 15, 1946. In 1948, Muñoz Marín became the first

masks: Lee Muna Lee Lee


title: Muna Lee (writer)

texts:
 democratically elected Governor of Puerto Rico. To Puerto Rico and back
<mask> became a longterm resident of Puerto Rico in 1920 when moving there with her husband, Muñoz Marín.By 1923 they had returned to the New York area, and his mother lived with them at their house in Teaneck, New Jersey. Muñoz Marín also returned to Puerto Rico, working more in politics. <mask> stayed in New Jersey because of their young children. In 1920 <mask> published her first poems in translation from Spanish, in Thomas Walsh's Hispanic Anthology. She became immersed in Latin American poetry and began to work on a project of an anthology of poets in Spanish. This was published in June 1925, in a special issue of Poetry magazine. She had selected and translated 31 poets from Latin America.This was a "landmark publication, among the first of its kind in the history of twentieth-century literary magazines." The year before, <mask>'s essay, "Contemporary Spanish-American Poetry," was published in North American Review, reviewing major trends in Pan American literature. She became an advocate for and translator of Latin American literature, making major contributions to the modern Pan-American literary tradition. She wrote about translating from Spanish, that the poetry "is only partially translatable — that is, so much of its beauty depends upon the intricately braided jet and silver of its cadences that a great deal is necessarily lost by translation into a less liquid tongue." After <mask> and all the family returned to Puerto Rico in 1926, they lived in San Juan. Muñoz Marín took over La Democracia, a newspaper started by his father, and got more involved in politics. In 1927 <mask> started working for the University of Puerto Rico as director of International Relations, where she served for nearly a decade.She was the university's chief publicist and established relationships with other academic institutions and governments. She and her husband were more financially secure, for

masks: Lee Lee Lee Lee Lee Lee


title: Muna Lee (writer)

texts:
 the first time in years. But later that year, Muñoz Marín returned to New York, remaining there for most of three years. Political activism
<mask> became involved in feminist activism, making important contributions to the modern women's movement, in particular the struggle for equal rights. She was a founder of the Inter-American Commission of Women, for which she worked in Washington, DC, in the summers of 1928 and 1929. She helped represent Puerto Rico and joined with women of Latin America at the Sixth Pan American Congress in 1928 in Havana. They advocated for women's equal rights and suffrage (the latter passed in Puerto Rico in 1929, restricted to literate women, and then universal suffrage was passed in 1935.)In 1930 <mask> returned with her children to Washington, DC, on leave of absence from the university. She was director of national activities from 1930 through 1931 for the National Woman's Party. She frequently traveled across the US in representing it, and worked against discrimination against women in employment, including restrictions on certain kinds of work. The Great Depression was causing suffering for working people. Her work in poetry continued, as she published her own work in American literary magazines. In addition, she translated poems by Latin American writers. She produced 37 translations of poems by twenty writers for the groundbreaking book, Anthology of Contemporary Latin-American Poetry (1941), published by New Directions.In a separate endeavor, from 1934 to 1938, <mask> wrote five detective novels under the pen name Newton Gayle (co-authored with Maurice Guinness, an American Shell Oil executive in Puerto Rico). The books were published in the United States and the United Kingdom, and well received at the time, particularly for their use of bilingual dialogue in English and Spanish. They have been translated into French and Italian. State Department
In 1941, <mask> joined the U.S. State Department in Washington, DC, as an

masks: Lee Lee Lee Lee


title: Muna Lee (writer)

texts:
 inter-American cultural affairs specialist. She arranged "exchanges of literature, art, and film with Latin American nations,"  which kept her involved in the arts for the rest of her life. She also continued to write poetry.<ref name="morales">Aurora Levins Morales, "Foreword", to A Pan American Life: Selected Poetry and Prose of <mask> <mask>, Edited and with biography by Jonathan Cohen, University of Wisconsin Press: The Americas series, 2004</ref>

She worked with the State Department until 1965, retiring two months before her death from lung cancer on April 3, 1965, in San Juan. She was buried at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in Old San Juan.She had long worked for her vision of "our achieving what she called Pan-American character, a multicultural American ethos composed of 'aboriginal copper, carbon of Ethiopia, Latin dream, and stark Anglo-Saxon reality'." Mystery series
The books were published in the US by Scribner's and Sons, and in Britain by Gollancz.Death Follows a Formula (1935)The Sentry Box (1936)Murder at 28:10 (1937)Death in the Glass (1938)Sinister Crag (1939)

PoetrySea-Change (1923)
Among 16 translators of works in Anthology of Contemporary Latin-American Poetry (1941)

See also

List of Puerto Rican writers
List of Puerto Ricans
Puerto Rican literature

References

Further reading
A Pan-American Life: Selected Poetry and Prose of <mask> <mask>, Edited and with biography by Jonathan Cohen, foreword by Aurora Levins Morales, University of Wisconsin Press: The Americas series, 2004

External links

  "Muna <mask>", University of Mississippi Press
  "Muna Lee: A Pan-American Life", biography by Jonathan Cohen
 Muna <mask>'s Grave, Find A Grave website

1895 births
1965 deaths
Burials at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery
People from Raymond, Mississippi
Writers from Mississippi
American women poets
Deaths from lung cancer
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
People from Hugo, Oklahoma
People from

masks: Muna Lee Muna Lee Lee Lee


title: Mordechai Kislev

texts:
<mask><mask> (Hebrew: מרדכי אפרים כסלו; born: 8 May 1937) is an Israeli emeritus professor in the Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences at Bar-Ilan University, specializing in archaeological botany. Some of his prominent research focuses on prehistoric early agriculture and archaeological entomology. Other works explore the ancient landscape of the Land of Israel, as well as Torah and Science issues. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Haifa. He studied at Kiryat Tiv'on high school, and when he was 17, enrolled in the Hebrew University and studied agriculture for a year. In 1955 he enlisted in the Nahal, and was one of the founders of Kibbutz Ein Gedi. Kislev continued to M.Sc.in botany (with minors: zoology and chemistry). He also studied in the Hebrew language department and for one year at the Talmud department in the Hebrew University, and his Ph.D was received from the Hebrew University in botany in 1972. Kislev authored the thesis: Pollination ecology of desert plants under the supervision of Prof. M. Zohary and Prof. J. Galil. Career
Kislev was a postdoctoral researcher in archaeobotany during the years 1971-1973 at the Biologisch-Archaeologisch Institut, Groningen, Netherland and at the Institute of

masks:
Mordechai E
. Kislev
Mordechai Kislev


title: Mordechai Kislev

texts:
 article Kislev presents an actual question dealing on the Kashrut of insects in food – what is more healthy – eating 'clean' vegetables and fruits which contain harmful insecticides, or eating them with some unseen insects. Other professional work
Kislev is an advisory member of the Academy of the Hebrew Language and provides consultation on Hebrew Biological terms. He is also a member of the Committee on the Fauna and Flora of Israel in the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.Publications
Prof. <mask> has authored more than 220 academic publications, eleven of them in Science Magazine. Kislev's articles were cited more than 5900 times and he has an h-index of 39. Selected articles
 Kislev, M.E. 1982. Stem rust of wheat 3300 years old found in Israel. Science 216: 993-994. Kislev, M.E.1985. Early Neolithic horsebean from Yiftah'el, Israel. Science 228: 319-320. <mask>, M.E. 1988. Pinus pinea in agriculture, culture and cult. Forschungen und Berichte zur Vor-und Frühgeschichte in Baden-Württemberg 31: 73-79.Kislev, M.E. and Bar-Yosef, O. 1988. The legumes: the earliest domesticated plants in the Near East? Current Anthropology 29: 175-179. Goren-Inbar, N., Feibel, C.S., Verosub, K.L., Melamed, Y., Kislev, M.E., Tchernov,

masks: Kislev Kislev


title: Mordechai Kislev

texts: E. and Saragusti, I. 2000.Pleistocene milestones on the out-of-Africa corridor at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Science 289: 944-947. <mask>, M.E., Weiss, E. and Hartmann, A. 2004. Impetus for sowing and the beginning of agriculture: Ground collecting of wild cereals. P.N.A.S. 101(9): 2692-2695.Nadel, D., Weiss, E., Simchoni, O., Tsatskin, A., Danin, A. and Kislev, M. 2004. Stone Age hut in Israel yields world’s oldest evidence of bedding. P.N.A.S. 101 (17): 6821-6826. Goren-Inbar, N., Alperson, N., <mask>, M.E., Simchoni, O., Melamed, Y., Ben-Nun, A. and Werker, E. 2004. Evidence of Hominin control of fire at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Science 304: 725-727.Weiss, E. and <mask>, M.E. 2004. Plant remains as indicators for economic activity: a case study from Iron Age Ashkelon. Journal of Archaeological Science 31: 1-13. <mask>, M.E., Hartmann, A. and Galili, E. 2004. Archaeobotanical and archaeoentomological evidence from a well at Atlit-Yam indicates colder, more humid climate on the Israeli coast during the PPNC period. Journal of Archaeological Science 31: 1301-1310.Kislev, M.E., Hartmann, A. and Bar-Yosef, O. 2006. Early domesticated fig in the Jordan Valley. Science 312: 1372-1374 and 1292. Weiss, E., Kislev, M.E. and

masks: Kislev Kislev Kislev Kislev


title: Mordechai Kislev

texts:
 hominin behavioral modernity at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel. Science 326: 1677-1680. Kislev, M.E.2015. Infested stored crops in the Iron Age I granary at Tel Hadar. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 62: 86-97. Melamed, Y., Kislev, M., Geffen, E., Lev-Yadun, S. and Goren-Inbar, N. 2016. Acheulian fine vegetal dining at Gesher Benot Ya'aqov, Israel, 780,000 years ago. P.N.A.S. 113: 14674-14679

English abstracts of selected Hebrew articles
 Kislev, M.E.1997. Dating the fall of Abi'or cave by the botanical remains. In: Y. Eshel (ed.). Judea and Samaria Research Studies 6: XV-XVI. Kislev, M.E. 2001. A man plant a seed from a gourd’s fruit and it develops into a watermelon (Talmud Yerushalmi, Kilayim 1: 2).BDD 12: 56-57. <mask>, M. 2005. It's all in the eye of the beholder: reviewing the evaluation of the kezait, the volume of an olive. BDD 16: 95-96. Melamed, Y. and Kislev, M. 2005. Remains of seeds, fruits and insects from the excavations in the village of ‘En Gedi. ‘Atiqot 49: 139.Kislev, M. and Simchoni, O. 2007. A proposed explanation for the replacement of חותל by חותם in the Mishnah. Leshonenu 69 (1-2): III. <mask>, M., Tabak, Y. and Simchoni, O. 2007. Identifying the variety names of fruits in the Rabbinic


title: Mordechai Kislev

texts:
 literature.Leshonenu 69 (3-4): V.
 <mask>, M.E., Tabak-Kaniel, Y. and Simchoni, O. 2009. Identifying the plum names דורמסקן and אחון. Leshonenu 71: XII. Kislev, M.E. and Simchoni, O. 2009.The secret of a good life at Moyat Awad – a road station on the incense road. Judea and Samaria Research Studies 18: VIII. <mask>, M., Ziv, G. and Simchoni, O. 2009. The measure of Kakotevet Hagasa. BDD 22: 93-94. <mask>, M.E.and Simchoni, O. 2012. The kashrut of rye matzo. BDD 26: 70-71. Kislev, M.E. 2014. Can all Israel offer Paschal sacrifices in the limited space of the Holy Temple?BDD 29: 56. <mask>, M.E. and Simchoni, O. 2017. The kashrut of insects in food. BDD 32: 141-142. References

External links
Prof. <mask> <mask>, Bar Ilan University
Interview with Prof. Kislev, Mishpacha

Israeli scientists
Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment alumni
1937 births
Bar-Ilan University faculty
Living people
Archaeobotanists
Kashrut
People from

masks: Kislev Kislev Kislev Kislev Mordechai Kislev


title: Charles Williams, Baron Williams of Elvel

texts:
<mask>, <mask> of Elvel,  (9 February 1933 – 30 December 2019) was a British business executive, Labour life peer and member of the House of Lords. In his 20s he played first-class cricket while at university and for several seasons afterwards. He was the stepfather of Justin Welby, the Archbishop of Canterbury. Early life
<mask> was born on 9 February 1933, the son of N. P<mask> and Muriel de Lérisson Cazenove. His mother's brother was Brigadier Arnold de Lérisson Cazenove. He was educated at Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in literae humaniores in 1955 and a Master of Arts. <mask> was further educated at the London School of Economics, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Science in 1964.Between 1955 and 1957, he served as Subaltern in the Headquarters of the King's Royal Rifle Corps in Winchester and in the regiment's 1st Battalion in Derna in Libya. Cricket career

A right-handed middle order batsman, <mask> played 87 first-class cricket matches, 40 of them for Essex and 42 for Oxford University. He made his first-class debut for Oxford University about halfway through the 1952 university cricket season and hit 53 in his first match, against Sussex in The Parks. In the return match at Worthing, he made 74, but he did not retain his place and he was not selected for the University Match against Cambridge. When the university cricket season was over, <mask> played for Oxfordshire in the Minor Counties. In 1953, <mask> played regularly for the university side and in the match against Free Foresters, an itinerant amateur side of varying quality whose matches against the universities were considered first-class at this time, he made his first century, scoring 115 in a match ruined by rain. In the University Match, he made 40 and 5 as Oxford lost by two wickets in a close finish.The 1954 season saw <mask> achieve 1,000 runs in the season for the first time: he finished with 1128 at an average of 30.48 runs per innings. He was

masks:
Charles Cuthbert Powell Williams
Baron Williams
Williams
. Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


texts: particularly successful for Oxford University, batting generally at No 3 and scoring 115 against Lancashire and then an unbeaten 139 followed by 89 in the second innings in the match against Hampshire. He was not successful in the University Match, batting just once and scoring 14. Later in the summer, he played in 11 matches for Essex, but his highest score for the county was only 54. <mask> was captain of the Oxford University cricket team in his final year at the university, 1955. The team was not successful, failing to win any of its first-class matches, and <mask>' captaincy attracted some criticism in Wisden Cricketers' Almanack. "The weather was certainly against them, and in all their ten home games none was played through without some interference from rain and, altogether, nine and a half days of playing time were lost," Wisden wrote."That in itself may have undermined the determination of the side, though a more likely handicap to the individual players was the length of time C. C. P<mask> took to decide who would be in the XI to meet Cambridge. The freshmen were particularly affected and when the weeks passed and they were still playing for their places none of them was able to relax and play a natural game." <mask> started the season well with 120 in the first match, against Gloucestershire. But his form declined and Oxford had the worse of a drawn University Match, though <mask>' own second innings 47 not out helped save the game for his side. After the university season was over, he again played for Essex, and scored his first century in County Championship cricket, making 119 and sharing a fourth-wicket partnership of 200 with Doug Insole in the match against Leicestershire at Leicester. The 1955 season was, in all, <mask>' most successful: he made 1219 runs at an average of 31.25, both his highest seasonal aggregate and average. In 1956 and 1957, <mask> was on National Service.In the 1956 season, he played a couple of matches for the Combined Services cricket team,

masks:
Williams
Williams
. Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


texts:
 making an unbeaten 125 in the match against Warwickshire. There were also a few matches in this season for Essex and one for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's; at the end of the season, he played in two matches at the Scarborough Festival, one for MCC against Yorkshire in which he was used unsuccessfully as an opening batsman, and the second the Gentlemen v Players match in which he made 0 and 1. These were his only games of representative cricket. In 1957, he played no first-class cricket at all. <mask> returned to first-class cricket in the second half of the 1958 season, playing 10 matches for Essex and adding what Wisden called "extra stability" to the county's batting. In 1959, he reappeared for four matches, but with no success, and these were his final first-class matches. <mask> had been an amateur cricketer and played for the Gentlemen against the Players.Social change after the Second World War led to a reaction against the cricketing concept of amateurism, often disparaged as "shamateurism", and in 1963 all first-class cricketers became nominally professional as, in effect, "Players". The last edition of the annual Gentlemen v Players fixture was at Scarborough in September 1962. The events leading to the abolition of amateurism are described by <mask> in his 2012 book, Gentlemen & Players, appropriately subtitled The Death of Amateurism in Cricket. Business career
<mask> worked for British Petroleum Co. Ltd from 1958 to 1964. From 1964 to 1966, he was personal assistant to the manager of the Guatemala branch of the Bank of London and Montreal and from 1966 to 1970, he was manager of mergers and acquisitions of Eurofinance SA Paris. For Baring Bros & Co. Ltd, he worked between 1970 and 1977, as managing director from 1971. From 1977 to 1979, he was chairman of the Price Commission and from 1985 to 1992 director of Mirror Group Newspapers plc.Between 1979 and 1982, he was managing director of Henry Ansbacher & Co. Ltd and between 1982 and 1985 of Henry Ansbacher

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams


texts:
 Holdings. Public service
In the 1964 General Election, <mask> stood unsuccessfully for Parliament as the Labour Party candidate for Colchester. In 1976 he unsuccessfully attempted to become the Labour candidate for the Vauxhall constituency. From 1988 to 1990, <mask> was chair of the Academy of St Martin-in-the-Fields and from 1989 to 1999 Busby trustee of Westminster School. For the Campaign for the Protection of Rural Wales (CPRW), he was president between 1989 and 1995, and had been immediate past president and vice-president as well as president of its Radnor branch since 1995. Appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1980, he was created a life peer on 22 May 1985 taking the title <mask> of Elvel, of Llansantffraed in Elvel in the County of Powys. He sat in the House of Lords as a Labour peer.In 2013 he was appointed to the Privy Council. Personal life
In 1975, he married Jane Gillian Portal. His stepson is the Most Revd and Right Hon Justin Welby, the 105th Archbishop of Canterbury. Welby described him as a supportive stepfather. Works
1993: The Last Great Frenchman: a life of General de Gaulle
1996: Bradman: an Australian Hero
2000: Adenauer: the Father of the New Germany
2005: Pétain. Winner of the 2006 Elizabeth Longford Prize for Historical Biography
2009: Harold Macmillan
2012: Gentlemen & Players: The Death of Amateurism in Cricket

References

External links

 Lord <mask> of Elvel – UK Parliament

1933 births
2019 deaths
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British bankers
Combined Services cricketers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English cricketers
Essex cricketers
Gentlemen cricketers
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
<mask> of Elvel
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Oxford University cricketers
Oxfordshire cricketers
People educated at Westminster School, London
English biographers
British sportsperson-politicians
20th-century British

masks:
Williams
Williams
Baron Williams
Williams
Williams


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts:
<mask> (; 27 February 1936) was a Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. From his childhood days, Pavlov demonstrated intellectual curiosity along with an unusual energy which he referred to as "the instinct for research". Inspired by the progressive ideas which Dmitry Pisarev, a Russian literary critic of the 1860s, and <mask>, the father of Russian physiology, were spreading, Pavlov abandoned his religious career and devoted his life to science. In 1870, he enrolled in the physics and mathematics department at the University of Saint Petersburg to study natural science. Pavlov carried out experiments on the digestive glands, as well as investigated the gastric function of dogs, and eventually won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1904, becoming the first Russian Nobel laureate. A survey in the Review of General Psychology, published in 2002, ranked Pavlov as the 24th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. Pavlov's principles of classical conditioning have been found to operate across a variety of behavior therapies and in experimental and clinical settings, such as educational classrooms and even reducing phobias with systematic desensitization.Education and early life

<mask>, the eldest of eleven children, was born in Ryazan, Russian Empire. His father, Peter Dmitrievich <mask> (1823–1899), was a village Russian orthodox priest. His mother, Varvara <mask> Uspenskaya (1826–1890), was a devoted homemaker. As a child, Pavlov willingly participated in house duties such as doing the dishes and taking care of his siblings. He loved to garden, ride his bicycle, row, swim, and play gorodki; he devoted his summer vacations to these activities. Although able to read by the age of seven, Pavlov was

masks:
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
Ivan Sechenov
Ivan Pavlov
Pavlov
Ivanovna


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts: physiological research in the world. <mask> continued to direct the Department of Physiology at the institute, while taking up the chair of physiology at the Medical Military Academy in 1895. <mask> would head the physiology department at the academy continuously for three decades. Starting in 1901, Pavlov was nominated over four successive years for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He did not win the prize until 1904 because his previous nominations were not specific to any discovery, but based on a variety of laboratory findings. When <mask> received the Nobel Prize it was specified that he did so "in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged". It was at the Institute of Experimental Medicine that Pavlov carried out his classical experiments on the digestive glands, which would eventually grant him the aforementioned Nobel prize.Pavlov investigated the gastric function of dogs, and later, homeless children, by externalizing a salivary gland so he could collect, measure, and analyze the saliva and what response it had to food under different conditions. He noticed that the dogs tended to salivate before food was actually delivered to their mouths, and set out to investigate this "psychic secretion", as he called it. Experiments on orphaned children, involving drilling a hole in their cheeks and applying electric shocks, were continued by his assistant Nikolay Krasnogorsky. <mask>'s laboratory housed a full-scale kennel for the experimental canines. Pavlov was interested in observing their long-term physiological processes. This required keeping them alive and healthy to conduct chronic experiments, as he called them. These were

masks: Pavlov Pavlov Pavlov Pavlov


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts:
 pertaining to several people he knew personally. Conscious until his final moment, Pavlov asked one of his students to sit beside his bed and to record the circumstances of his dying. He wanted to create unique evidence of subjective experiences of this terminal phase of life. Pavlov died of double pneumonia at the age of 86.He was given a grand funeral, and his study and laboratory were preserved as a museum in his honour. His grave is in the Literatorskie mostki (writers' footways) section of Volkovo Cemetery in St. Petersburg. Reflex system research

Pavlov contributed to many areas of physiology and neurological sciences. Most of his work involved research in temperament, conditioning and involuntary reflex actions. Pavlov performed and directed experiments on digestion, eventually publishing The Work of the Digestive Glands in 1897, after 12 years of research. His experiments earned him the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine. These experiments included surgically extracting portions of the digestive system from nonhuman animals, severing nerve bundles to determine the effects, and implanting fistulas between digestive organs and an external pouch to examine the organ's contents.This research served as a base for broad research on the digestive system. Further work on reflex actions involved involuntary reactions to stress and pain. Research on types and properties of nervous systems

<mask> was always interested in biomarkers of temperament types described by Hippocrates and Galen. He called these biomarkers "properties of nervous systems" and identified three main properties: (1) strength, (2) mobility of nervous processes and (3) a balance between excitation and inhibition and derived four types based on these three properties. He


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts:
 extended the definitions of the four temperament types under study at the time: phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine, and melancholic, updating the names to "the strong and impetuous type, the strong equilibrated and quiet type, the strong equilibrated and lively type, and the weak type." <mask> and his researchers observed and began the study of transmarginal inhibition (TMI), the body's natural response of shutting down when exposed to overwhelming stress or pain by electric shock. This research showed how all temperament types responded to the stimuli the same way, but different temperaments move through the responses at different times.He commented "that the most basic inherited difference ... was how soon they reached this shutdown point and that the quick-to-shut-down have a fundamentally different type of nervous system." Pavlov on education
The basics of Pavlov's classical conditioning serve as a historical backdrop for current learning theories. However, the Russian physiologist's initial interest in classical conditioning occurred almost by accident during one of his experiments on digestion in dogs. Considering that Pavlov worked closely with nonhuman animals throughout many of his experiments, his early contributions were primarily about learning in nonhuman animals. However, the fundamentals of classical conditioning have been examined across many different organisms, including humans. The basic underlying principles of Pavlov's classical conditioning have extended to a variety of settings, such as classrooms and learning environments. Classical conditioning focuses on using preceding conditions to alter behavioral reactions.The principles underlying classical conditioning have influenced preventative antecedent control strategies used in the


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts:
 classroom. Classical conditioning set the groundwork for the present day behavior modification practices, such as antecedent control. Antecedent events and conditions are defined as those conditions occurring before the behavior. <mask>'s early experiments used manipulation of events or stimuli preceding behavior (i.e., a tone) to produce salivation in dogs much like teachers manipulate instruction and learning environments to produce positive behaviors or decrease maladaptive behaviors. Although he did not refer to the tone as an antecedent, Pavlov was one of the first scientists to demonstrate the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses. Pavlov systematically presented and withdrew stimuli to determine the antecedents that were eliciting responses, which is similar to the ways in which educational professionals conduct functional behavior assessments. Antecedent strategies are supported by empirical evidence to operate implicitly within classroom environments.Antecedent-based interventions are supported by research to be preventative, and to produce immediate reductions in problem behaviors. Legacy
The concept for which Pavlov is famous is the "conditioned reflex" (or in his own words the conditional reflex), which he developed jointly with his assistant <mask>v in 1901 (although Edwin B. Twitmyer, at the University of Pennsylvania, published similar research in 1902, a year before Pavlov published his). The concept was developed after observing the rates of salivation in dogs. Pavlov noticed that his dogs began to salivate in the presence of the technician who normally fed them, rather than simply salivating in the presence of the food. If a buzzer or metronome was sounded before the food was given, the dog would later

masks:
Pavlov
Ivan Tolochino


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts: come to associate the sound with the presentation of the food and salivate upon the presentation of the sound stimulus alone. Tolochinov, whose own term for the phenomenon had been "reflex at a distance", communicated the results at the Congress of Natural Sciences in Helsinki in 1903. Later the same year Pavlov more fully explained the findings, at the 14th International Medical Congress in Madrid, where he read a paper titled The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals.As <mask>'s work became known in the West, particularly through the writings of John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner, the idea of "conditioning", as an automatic form of learning, became a key concept in the developing specialism of comparative psychology, and the general approach to psychology that underlay it, behaviorism. <mask>'s work with classical conditioning was of huge influence on how humans perceived themselves, their behavior and learning processes; his studies of classical conditioning continue to be central to modern behavior therapy. The British philosopher Bertrand Russell observed that "[w]hether Pavlov's methods can be made to cover the whole of human behaviour is open to question, but at any rate they cover a very large field and within this field they have shown how to apply scientific methods with quantitative exactitude". Pavlov's research on conditional reflexes greatly influenced not only science, but also popular culture. Pavlovian conditioning is a major theme in Aldous Huxley's dystopian novel, Brave New World, and in Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow. It is popularly believed that Pavlov always signaled the occurrence of food by ringing a bell. However, his writings record the use of a wide variety of stimuli, including electric shocks,

masks: Pavlov Pavlov


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts:
 whistles, metronomes, tuning forks, and a range of visual stimuli, in addition to the ring of a bell.In 1994, Catania cast doubt on whether Pavlov ever actually used a bell in his experiments. Littman tentatively attributed the popular imagery to Pavlov's contemporaries Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev and John B. Watson. Roger K. Thomas, of the University of Georgia, however, said they had found "three additional references to Pavlov's use of a bell that strongly challenge Littman's argument". In reply, Littman suggested that Catania's recollection, that Pavlov did not use a bell in research, was "convincing ... and correct". In 1964 the psychologist H. J. Eysenck reviewed Pavlov's "Lectures on Conditioned Reflexes" for the British Medical Journal: Volume I – "Twenty-five Years of Objective Study of the Higher Nervous Activity of Animals", Volume II – "Conditioned Reflexes and Psychiatry". The Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences was founded by Pavlov in 1925 and named after him following his death. Awards and honours
<mask> was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1904.He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1907
and was awarded the Royal Society's Copley Medal in 1915. He became a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1907. <mask>'s dog, the Pavlovian session and Pavlov's typology are named in his honour. The asteroid 1007 Pawlowia and the lunar crater Pavlov were also named after him. Personal life
<mask> married Seraphima Vasilievna Karchevskaya on 1 May 1881, whom he had met in 1878 or 1879 when she went to St. Petersburg to study at the Pedagogical Institute. Seraphima, called Sara for short, was born in 1855. In her later years, she

masks:
Pavlov
Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov


title: Ivan Pavlov

texts:
 suffered from ill health and died in 1947.The first nine years of their marriage were marred by financial problems; <mask> and his wife often had to stay with others to have a home, and for a time, the two lived apart so that they could find hospitality. Although their poverty caused despair, material welfare was a secondary consideration. Sara's first pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. When she conceived again, the couple took precautions, and she safely gave birth to their first child, a boy whom they named Mirchik; Sara became deeply depressed following Mirchik's sudden death in childhood. <mask> and Sara eventually had four more children: Vladimir, Victor, Vsevolod, and Vera. Their youngest son, Vsevolod, died of pancreatic cancer in 1935, only one year before his father. <mask> was an atheist.See also

 Behavior modification
 Classical conditioning
 Orienting response
 Ryazan
 Rostov State Medical University
 Georgii Zeliony

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

 PBS article
 Institute of Experimental Medicine article on Pavlov
 Link to a list of Pavlov's dogs with some pictures
 Commentary on <mask>'s Conditioned Reflexes from 50 Psychology Classics
 <mask> and his dogs
 <mask>. Pavlov: Toward a Scientific Psychology and Psychiatry

  including the Nobel Lecture on 12 December 1904 Physiology of Digestion

1849 births
1936 deaths
People from Ryazan
Animal trainers
Ethologists
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1917–1925)
Full members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
History of neuroscience
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Members of the Royal Irish

masks:
Pavlov
Ivan
Pavlov
Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov
Ivan P


title: George Ainslie (delegate)

texts:
<mask> (October 30, 1838 – May 19, 1913) was a lawyer, mining investor, and Congressional delegate from Idaho Territory. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Boonville, Cooper County, Missouri. <mask>'s grandfather and father had served in the Scottish regiments of the British Army. Also, his uncle, Colonel <mask>, served with the 93rd Regiment of Foot (the "Sutherland Highlanders"). The exploits of "The Sutherlands" during the Crimean War gave rise to the phrase, "The Thin Red Line", later applied to British Army infantry in general. <mask>'s parents, John and Mary, moved to Missouri around two years before he was born. His father became a wealthy landowner, and also operated a salt works.The family went back to Scotland for a time while <mask> was an infant, but returned in 1844. His father drowned in the Missouri River in June of that year. In his late teens, Ainslie read law under experienced lawyers and a judge in St. Louis. He also attended courses at what is now St. Louis University. <mask> attained a law degree and was admitted to the Missouri bar in 1860. After a few months practicing law in Missouri, he moved to the Pike's Peak area in Colorado Territory. He opened a law office there and apparently invested in some mining properties.Relocation to Idaho
Two years later, gold discoveries in Idaho attracted <mask>'s attention. He moved to Elk City, Idaho, during the summer of 1862 and mined in that area until the winter season closed the back country. Probably at the advice of people familiar with the region, he then started for Oregon. In Lewiston, Idaho he was approached with a request for his professional services. Here, accounts vary on the timeline of events. <mask>'s biography in the Illustrated History of the State of Idaho states that three men approached him to defend them in a "citizens' court" against a robbery charge. More likely, however, a representative of the men approached him, because the accused robbers were then in jail.In fact, from the timing, it is possible that the trial may

masks:
George Ainslie
George Ainslie
George
William Ainslie
George
George
George
Ainslie
George


title: George Ainslie (delegate)

texts:
 have already taken place, with a guilty verdict. This particular robbery had followed a series of robberies and robbery-murders in the region, and public indignation had led to a swift decision. So <mask>'s services were needed, whether for a trial, or for an immediate appeal. But when Ainslie went to consult with his new clients the next morning, he found them dead, hanging from the rafters of a shed behind the temporary jail. One account says that <mask> realized "the importance of demurrer and the irrelevancy of an appeal" and "retired in good order." After spending the winter teaching in Clackamas County, Oregon, Ainslie moved to Idaho City, the county seat of Boise County, Idaho. He would practice law there, and invest in mining properties, for over a quarter century.<mask> also married and began raising a family. His 1866 marriage to Sara "Sallie" Owens took place in Ada County. The Ainslies were strong Episcopalians, so it is possible the regional pastor was not scheduled to be in Idaho City at a convenient time. From 1869 to 1873, Ainslie edited the Idaho World newspaper in Idaho City. Political career
In 1865, two years after his move to Idaho City, voters elected Ainslie to the Territorial Council (roughly equivalent to a state senate). Despite his youth, members then elected him as Council President. (Although his biography for the U. S. Congress says he was a member of the "Territorial Legislature," Idaho records confirm his Council position.)After his term in the Council, <mask> returned to private law practice, but remained very active in Democratic Party activities. (In keeping with the times, the Idaho World was then billed as "the only Democratic newspaper in the Territory.") In 1874, he began a two-year term as District Attorney for the Second District of Idaho Territory. Then, in 1878, he was elected as Idaho Territorial Delegate to the U. S. Congress. (Delegates can vote in committee, but not on the legislative floor.) The Republican editor  of the Idaho Tri-Weekly Statesman, in Boise City,

masks: George George George George


title: George Ainslie (delegate)

texts:
 opined that  "though differing with Mr. Ainslie in politics, we freely accord to him the merit which he deserves." Ainslie served two terms as Delegate before losing a re-election bid in 1882.He never again ran for public office, but remained a power in state-level Democratic Party politics for many years. In 1889, he represented Boise County in the Idaho constitutional convention. Later life and career
After its heyday, Idaho City steadily declined in population. Thus, <mask> moved his family to Boise in 1890, after purchasing an estate across the street from the U. S. Assay Office. He then invested heavily in various enterprises in Boise. That included the Boise Artesian Hot & Cold Water Company and the Boise Rapid Transit Company. <mask> never lost his interest in mining.For nine years after about 1888, he owned stock in a company that had extensive placer mining claims stretching along Mores Creek from two miles above Idaho City to about four miles below the town. In the early 1890s, those claims became involved in protracted litigation. However, Ainslie and his co-owners eventually won their cases and, in 1897, sold out to a firm that built the first large gold dredge along Mores Creek. The Ainslie's two daughters, Lucy and Adelma, continued the family tradition of service. Lucy married a prominent San Francisco physician. Adelma married John F. Nugent, later a U. S. Senator from Idaho. A grandson, <mask> Nugent, served in the armed forces during World War I.Around 1906, poor health led Ainslie to seek more extensive medical treatment in California. By about 1908, he had moved to Oakland, California. He died there five years later. References

Other sources

1838 births
1913 deaths
American people of Scottish descent
People from Boonville, Missouri
Members of the Idaho Territorial Legislature
Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Idaho Territory
Idaho Democrats
19th-century American politicians
People from Idaho City, Idaho
American lawyers admitted to the practice of law by reading

masks:
Ainslie
George
George Ainslie


title: George Thorogood

texts:
<mask> (born February 24, 1950) is an American musician, singer and songwriter from Wilmington, Delaware. His "high-energy boogie-blues" sound became a staple of 1980s rock radio, with hits like his original songs "Bad to the Bone" and "I Drink Alone". He has also helped to popularize older songs by American icons, such as "Move It on Over", "Who Do You Love? ", and "House Rent Blues/One Bourbon, One Scotch, One Beer". With his band, the Delaware Destroyers, Thorogood has released over 20 albums, of which two have been certified Platinum and six have been certified Gold. He has sold 15 million albums worldwide. <mask> and band continue to tour extensively, and in 2014 the band celebrated their 40th anniversary of performing.Music career
<mask> began his career as a solo acoustic performer in the style of Robert Johnson and Elmore James after being inspired in 1970 by a John P. Hammond concert. In 1973, he formed a band, the Delaware Destroyers, with high school friend and drummer Jeff Simon. With additional players, the Delaware Destroyers developed its sound, a mixture of Chicago blues and rock and roll. The band's first shows were in the Rathskeller bar at the University of Delaware and at Deer Park Tavern, both in Newark, Delaware. Eventually, the band's name was shortened to the Destroyers. During this time, <mask> supplemented his income by working as a roadie for Hound Dog Taylor. <mask>'s demo Better Than the Rest was recorded in 1974, but was not released until 1979.His major recording debut came with the album <mask>od and the Destroyers, which was released in 1977. In 1978, <mask> released his next album with the Destroyers titled Move It on Over, which included a remake of Hank Williams' "Move It on Over". He followed those recordings in 1979 with "Please Set a Date" and a reworking of the Bo Diddley song "Who Do You Love", both released in 1979. The

masks:
George Lawrence Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
George Thorogo
Thorogood


title: George Thorogood

texts: band's early success contributed to the rise of folk label Rounder Records. During the late 1970s, <mask> and his band were based in Boston. He was friends with Jimmy Thackery of the Washington, D.C.-based blues band, The Nighthawks. While touring in the 1970s, the Destroyers and the Nighthawks were playing shows in Georgetown at venues across the street from each other.The Destroyers were engaged at the Cellar Door and the Nighthawks at Desperados. At midnight, while both bands played Elmore James' "Madison Blues" in the same key, <mask> and Thackery left their clubs, met in the middle of M Street, exchanged guitar patch cords and went on to play with the opposite band in the other club. The connection with the Nighthawks was extended further when Nighthawks bass player Jan Zukowski supported <mask>'s set with Bo Diddley and Albert Collins at the Live Aid concert in Philadelphia, PA, on July 13, 1985. <mask> gained his first mainstream exposure as a support act for the Rolling Stones during their 1981 U.S. tour. He was also the featured musical guest on Saturday Night Live (Season 8, Episode 2) on the October 2, 1982, broadcast. During this time, <mask> and the Destroyers became known for their rigorous touring schedule, including the "50/50" tour in 1981, on which the band toured all 50 US states in 50 days. After two shows in Boulder, Colorado, <mask> and his band flew to Hawaii for one show and then performed a show in Alaska the following night.The next day, <mask> and his band met his roadies in Washington and continued the one-show-per-state tour. In addition, he played Washington, D.C. on the same day that he performed a show in Maryland, thereby playing 51 shows in 50 days. With his contract with Rounder Records expiring, <mask> signed with EMI America Records and, in 1982, released the single "Bad to the Bone" and an album of the same name that went

masks: Thorogood Thorogood Thorogood Thorogood Thorogood Thorogood Thorogood Thorogood


title: George Thorogood

texts:
 gold. The song became the band's most well-known song through appearances on MTV and use in films, television and commercials. <mask> and his band went on to have two more gold studio albums in the 1980s, Maverick and Born to Be Bad. The former features <mask>'s only Billboard Hot 100 hit, a remake of Johnny Otis's "Willie and the Hand Jive", and his concert staple "I Drink Alone". <mask>'s popularity waned in the 1990s, although he had a No.2 hit on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart in 1992 with "Get a Haircut". In 2012, <mask> was named one of the "50 Most Influential Delawareans of the Past 50 Years". He released his first proper solo album in 2017 titled Party of One. On March 14, 2020, <mask> was inducted into the Mississippi Music Project Hall of Fame in Biloxi, Mississippi and was awarded the MMP Music Award for his lifelong commitment to the music industry. He took his daughter to Chicago for her first major league game (Cubs vs. Rockies), during which he sang "Take Me Out to the Ball Game". In a 2011 Guitar World interview, he stated "I'm a Mets fan. There aren't many of us but you know, that's me."References

External links

<mask> and the Destroyers official website
Review: The Hard Stuff

1950 births
Living people
Lead guitarists
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues harmonica players
American blues singers
American rock guitarists
American rock singers
Musicians from Wilmington, Delaware
Slide guitarists
Blues rock musicians
University of Delaware alumni
Semi-professional baseball players
EMI Records artists
Rounder Records artists
MCA Records artists
Attic Records (Canada) artists
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Singers from Delaware
Guitarists from Delaware
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male

masks:
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
Thorogood
George Thorogood


title: Jin Yong

texts: Louis Cha Leung-yung  (; 10 March 1924 – 30 October 2018), better known by his pen name <mask> (), pronounced "Gum Yoong" in Cantonese, was a Chinese wuxia ("martial arts and chivalry") novelist and essayist who co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Pao in 1959 and served as its first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kong's most famous writer, and is named along with Gu Long and Liang Yusheng as the "Three Legs of the Tripod of Wuxia". His wuxia novels have a widespread following in Chinese communities worldwide. His 15 works written between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his death he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold worldwide (not including an unknown number of pirated copies). According to The Oxford Guide to Contemporary World Literature, <mask>'s novels are considered to be of very high quality and are able to appeal to both highbrow and lowbrow tastes. His works have the unusual ability to transcend geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving a greater success than any other contemporary Hong Kong writer.His works have been translated into many

masks:
Jin Yong
Jin Yong


title: Jin Yong

texts:
 Chinese University Press, translated by Olivia Mok. Other works available in English include:
The Heaven Sword and Dragon Saber – in comic book form by Ma Wing-shing, published by ComicsOne
The Legendary Couple – in comic book form by Tony Wong, published by ComicsOne
The Return of the Condor Heroes – in comic book form by Wee Tian Beng, published by Asiapac Books
Laughing in the Wind – DVD collection of the 2001 CCTV series with English subtitles released in the United States. Adaptations

There are over 90 films and TV shows adapted from Cha's wuxia novels, including King Hu's The Swordsman (1990) and its sequel Swordsman II (1992), <mask>'s 1992 films Royal Tramp and Royal Tramp II, and Wong Kar-wai's Ashes of Time (1994). Dozens of role-playing video games are based on Cha's novels, a notable example of which is Heroes of <mask> Yong, which was based on the major characters and events in Cha's novels. As film director
<mask> co-directed 2 films produced by Hong Kong's Great Wall Movie Enterprises. In both films he is credited as <mask>-yong, his official name in Hong Kong. See also
 Gu Long
 Liang Yusheng
 Woon Swee Oan

References

Further reading
Stateless Subjects: Chinese Martial Arts Literature and Postcolonial History, Chapters 3 and

masks:
Wong Jing
Jin
Jin Yong
Cha Jing


title: Jin Yong

texts:
 4.Petrus Liu. (Cornell University, 2011). External links

 <mask> Teahouse (金庸茶館) – fansite of <mask>'s novels in Chinese
 <mask> Jianghu (金庸江湖) – fansite, forums and complete works of <mask>'s novels

 <mask> in the Encyclopaedia of Science Fiction

1924 births
2018 deaths
Chinese historical novelists
Hong Kong novelists
C
Hangzhou High School alumni
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Preparatory Committee for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Wuxia writers
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Hong Kong newspaper people
20th-century pseudonymous writers
Writers from Jiaxing
Hong Kong Basic Law Consultative Committee members
Hong Kong Basic Law Drafting Committee members
Chinese male novelists
Chinese essayists
People from Haining
Film directors from Zhejiang
Chinese film directors
Hong Kong film directors
Newspaper founders
Politicians from Jiaxing
Chinese emigrants to British Hong

masks:
Jin Yong
Jin Yong
Jin Yong
Jin Yong
Jin Yong


title: Tom Watkins (music manager)

texts:
<mask> (21 September 1949 – 24 February 2020) was an English pop impresario, music manager, songwriter, producer, designer and fine art collector. With a background in art and design, <mask> set up the XL Design agency in the early 1980s and was responsible for designing record sleeves and music graphics of the period. <mask> moved into music management by the mid-1980s and managed Pet Shop Boys, Bros and East 17 among others. <mask> has been described by Neil Tennant as "a big man with a loud voice" and by David Munns as "an unstoppable creative powerhouse." Early life
<mask> was born <mask> on 21 September 1949 at St. Alfege's Hospital, Greenwich, London, the son of Patricia Daphne Diett and <mask>. He lived in Blackheath, London and was educated at Invicta Road School, Sherrington Road School and Raine's Foundation School in Tower Hamlets, London. <mask> later attended Sir John Cass School of Art, Architecture and Design and went on to study art and design at London College of Furniture, London Metropolitan University.Early career
In the early 1970s after graduating from the London College of Furniture, <mask> worked as a designer for Terence Conran and Rodney Fitch as part of the team that designed Heathrow Terminal 3 and the London Stock Exchange. In 1981, <mask> and business partner Royston Edwards set up the graphics design company XL Design with an office in Welbeck Street, London, initially designing music graphics and marketing campaigns, then later record sleeves. In 1982, XL designed the record sleeve for Wham! 's debut single "Wham Rap! (Enjoy What You Do)" and David Smart joined the company as co-partner. When the British record label ZTT became clients in 1983, XL designed record sleeves for Art of Noise and for "Relax", the 1983 debut single of Frankie Goes to Hollywood. XL designed many of the Frankie Goes to Hollywood ads, promo posters and graphics including the record sleeves for their next three singles "Two Tribes", "The Power of Love" (both 1984) and "Welcome to the Pleasuredome"

masks:
Tom Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Thomas Frederick Watkins
Frederick Joseph Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins


title: Tom Watkins (music manager)

texts:
 (1985).In 1984, XL designed the sleeve for their debut album Welcome to the Pleasuredome. In 1983, Trevor Horn and Jill Sinclair of ZTT Records commissioned <mask> to design the interior of their new recording studios, Sarm Studios in Notting Hill. The XL Design agency was responsible for creating iconic logos, music advertising graphics and record sleeve art of the 1980s including those of Frankie Goes to Hollywood, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), Art of Noise, Wham!, Kim Wilde, Nik Kershaw, Duran Duran and the Pet Shop Boys. Music management
In 1984, <mask> moved his XL Design agency to larger offices in Poland Street, Soho and set up a new company, Massive Management, developing a parallel career in music management. Mark Farrow joined Watkins' XL Design agency in 1985. <mask> felt the minimal aesthetics of his designs would be perfect for the Pet Shop Boys. In 1986, <mask>, Farrow and business partner Mick Newton set up a new design agency, Three Associates.The Three Associates agency were responsible for creating record sleeve art throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s for artists including Pet Shop Boys, Bros, Liza Minnelli and Kim Wilde. <mask> went on to manage Pet Shop Boys (1984 to 1989), Bros (1986 to 1990), East 17 (1992 to 1997), Electribe 101 (1989 to 1990), Faith Hope & Charity (1990), 2wo Third3 (1994 to 1995) and Deuce (1994 to 1996). <mask> was also a songwriter and music producer. In collaboration with Nicky Graham, <mask> wrote all the tracks on the debut Bros album Push including the hit singles from the album; "When Will I Be Famous", "Drop the Boy" and "I Owe You Nothing" which reached number one on the UK Singles Chart in June 1988. In 1999, Channel 4 produced Mr Rock & Roll, a four-part documentary series "looking at the lives and the careers of the most powerful, most outrageous and most astute managers in the history of Rock and Roll". The series featured the stories of <mask>, Colonel <mask>, Don Arden and Peter Grant. Pet Shop Boys
In late 1984, the Pet Shop Boys hired

masks:
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Tom Watkins
Tom Parker


title: Tom Watkins (music manager)

texts:
 <mask> as their manager signing to his management company, Massive Management.In March 1985, <mask> signed them to EMI subsidiary Parlophone. Under <mask>' management, the Pet Shop Boys released twelve singles achieving four number ones on the UK Singles Chart; "West End Girls" (1985), "It's a Sin" (1987), "Always on My Mind" (1987) and "Heart" (1988), and three studio albums. The debut, Please, was released in April 1986 and peaked at number 3 on the UK Albums Chart and certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The second album Actually was released in September 1987 and peaked at number 2 in the UK and certified triple platinum by the BPI. In October 1988, their third album Introspective peaked at number 2 in the UK and was certified double platinum. Also, in November 1986 a remix album, Disco was released peaking at number 15 in the UK and certified platinum. Bros
In 1986, Matt and Luke Goss and Craig Logan (Bros) signed to <mask>' management company, Massive Management.<mask> signed the band to CBS. Their first single, "I Owe You Nothing" was released in September 1987 and peaked at number 80 in the UK. Their next two singles, "When Will I Be Famous" (November 1987) and "Drop the Boy" (March 1988) both peaked at number 2. The re-release of "I Owe You Nothing" in June 1988 reached number one. Bros' debut album Push was released in March 1988 and peaked at number 2 on the UK Albums Chart and was certified quadruple platinum status by the BPI. Their second album, The Time was released in October 1989 and peaked at number 4. Bros toured the UK on their ‘Big Push Tour’ in June/July 1988 and Europe and Australia on their ‘Global Push Tour’ late 1988 to early 1989.In February 1989, Bros won the Best British Newcomer Award at the Brit Awards and in August 1989 they played Wembley Stadium at their ‘Bros in 2 Summer’ concert. East 17
East 17 signed to Massive Management in April 1992. <mask> signed the band to London Records. Under <mask>' management between 1992 and 1997, East 17 released 16

masks: Watkins Watkins Watkins Watkins Watkins Watkins Watkins


title: Tom Watkins (music manager)

texts:
 singles; 11 of which entered the top 10 of the UK Singles Chart. "Stay Another Day" was released in December 1994 and became the group's only number one remaining at the top for 5 weeks. East 17 released their debut album, Walthamstow in February 1993. The album reached number one and was certified platinum by the BPI.Their second album, Steam (October 1994) reached number 3 and was certified double platinum by the BPI and the third album Up All Night (November 1995) reached number 7 and was certified platinum. Around the World Hit Singles: The Journey So Far was the group's first greatest hits compilation album, released in November 1996 and was certified double platinum. <mask> was a fine art collector, specialising in works from the Memphis Group which was an influential Italian design and architecture movement of the 1980s. In 2001, <mask> loaned much of his Memphis collection to the Design Museum, London for their Memphis Remembered exhibition held to mark the 20th anniversary of the debut of the Memphis movement. An admirer of Bauhaus-inspired architecture he designed and built The Big White House in Pett Level, East Sussex in 2004, which was featured in the Channel 4 Grand Designs television series. In 2006 <mask> received the Sussex Heritage Trust Award for The Big White House project. Author
Published in July 2016, <mask> co-wrote with Matthew Lindsay his autobiography titled Let's Make Lots of Money: Secrets of a Rich, Fat, Gay, Lucky Bastard.In December 2016, the book was longlisted for the Penderyn Music Book Prize and in July 2017 the book was released in paperback under the title Let's Make Lots of Money: My Life as the Biggest Man in Pop. <mask> suffered from poor health in his later years. He had diabetes and in 2013, had a liver transplant. He died on 24 February 2020, and his funeral was held on 10 March. References

1949 births
2020 deaths
British music industry executives
English music managers
English songwriters
English record producers
Art collectors from London
Designers from

masks:
Design Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Watkins
Death Watkins