title: Leo Komarov

texts: return with Dynamo Moscow in June 2013, with the ambition to make the Finnish 2014 Winter Olympic squad in a more offensive role with Dynamo; he made the roster, also serving as an alternate captain. Despite signing with Dynamo Moscow, <mask> said he was not done with the NHL, and one year later, on 1 July 2014, he signed a four-year deal worth $2.9 million per season to return to the Maple Leafs. <mask> played well following the signing, recording 4 goals and 16 assists in his first 23 games of the season, as well as 99 hits, enough for third in the NHL as of late November. However, a blindside hit from former Dynamo Moscow linemate Alexander Ovechkin on 29 November left <mask> with concussion issues, and he would score at a lackluster pace for the rest of the season. <mask> would rebound the next season and excel under new head coach Mike Babcock. <mask>, who previously played on Toronto's second, third lines and fourth lines, was now experiencing top line duties (taking Phil Kessel's spot), and occasionally reprising his role on the second. He led the Maple Leafs in goals and points up to the Christmas break.Shortly after, he was named to the 2016 NHL All-Star Game on 6 January 2016. <mask> had 27 points in 37 games when named an All-Star, including 15 goals, and was one point behind teammate James van Riemsdyk for the team lead in scoring. Given <mask>'s reputation and traditional NHL role as a bottom six grinder, he had not expected to be named an All Star, going as far as to book a vacation during the All-Star break, which was cancelled after he had been named to the festivities. <mask>'s production declined in the

masks: Komarov Komarov Komarov Komarov Komarov Komarov Komarov Komarov


title: Leo Komarov

type: original

texts:
 latter half of the season, partially due to the loss of van Riemsdyk in January to injury. Despite this, <mask> finished the year third in team scoring with 36 points, behind only P. A. Parenteau and Nazem Kadri. The following season, he shared a line with Kadri and rookie winger Connor Brown. In 2017, <mask> played in the NHL Centennial Classic where he scored one goal in Toronto's 5–4 overtime win against the Detroit Red Wings.In 2018, <mask> played in the 2018 NHL Stadium Series against the Washington Capitals, where the Leafs lost 2–5. On 1 July 2018, <mask> signed a four-year, $3 million per year contract with the New York Islanders. After playing one NHL game at the start of the 2021–22 NHL season, <mask> was assigned to the Islanders' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Bridgeport Islanders, when he cleared waivers. On 15 November 2021, <mask> signed a two-year contract with SKA Saint Petersburg of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). Personal life
<mask> was born in Narva, in Estonian SSR, Soviet Union to Russian-speaking parents. When he was five years old, <mask>'s family moved to the Swedish-speaking town of Nykarleby, Finland, when his father <mask> accepted a contract to play ice hockey there. Because of his father's partial (Ingrian) Finnish descent, the family was eligible for Finnish citizenship and thus able to permanently reside there.<mask> also holds  dual Russian and Finnish citizenship and reportedly can speak four languages (Russian, Swedish, Finnish, and English). <mask> is married to Juulia Manner. The pair tied the knot on 2 July 2016 in Helsinki, after dating for ten years. They have two

masks:
Komarov
Komarov
Komarov
Komarov
Komarov
Komarov
Komarov
Komarov
Alexander Komarov
Leo Komarov
Komarov


title: Jonathan Mayer

texts:
<mask> (born February 5, 1987) is an American computer scientist and lawyer. He is an Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Public Affairs at Princeton University affiliated with the Center for Information Technology Policy, and was previously a PhD student in computer science at Stanford University and a fellow at the Center for Internet and Society and the Center for International Security and Cooperation. During his graduate studies he was a consultant at the California Department of Justice. <mask>'s research focuses on technology policy, especially concerning computer security and privacy. He was selected as one of Forbes 30 Under 30 in 2014 for his contributions to those areas. Biography
<mask> is a Chicago, Illinois, United States, native and attended the Latin School of Chicago. He received his AB from Princeton University in 2009 through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.During his undergraduate studies he was a member of the team competing in the 2007 DARPA Grand Challenge and Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition. <mask> began his graduate work at Stanford University in 2009, where he was its first student to pursue both a PhD through the computer science department and a JD at Stanford Law School. <mask> received his JD in 2013. Web browser fingerprinting
<mask>'s research when at Princeton studied the feasibility of tracking web browsers with partial identifiers like display resolution and extensions. His advisor was Professor Edward William Felten. <mask>'s research found that it was possible to fingerprint web browsers, but could not guarantee the global uniqueness of a browser's fingerprint. The Electronic Frontier Foundation's subsequent study reached the same conclusions using a bigger data set.There are businesses now using browser fingerprints in products. Do Not Track
In mid-2010, <mask> and another Stanford researcher Arvind Narayanan argued for Do Not Track in HTTP headers. They built Do Not Track prototypes for clients and servers. Working with Mozilla, they wrote the influential Internet Engineering Task Force

masks:
Jonathan Mayer
Mayer
Mayer
Mayer
Mayer
Mayer
Mayer
Mayer


title: Jonathan Mayer

texts:
 Internet Draft of Do Not Track. Ultimately the World Wide Web Consortium has begun standardizing Do Not Track through the Tracking Protection Working Group. <mask> was an active and influential participant in this group and has been described as "key spokesperson" who had a "more interesting and productive career as a student than most tenured faculty". <mask>'s thoughts about Do Not Track have concerned online advertising businesses.Randall Rothenberg, CEO of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, called him a "Bolshevik of the Internet world" and "anathema to anybody who's trying to earn any kind of living using the digital supply chain." At one point, the Senior Director of IAB tried to get <mask> kicked out of his studies at Stanford . On July 30, 2013 <mask> resigned from his job with the W3C working group. His resignation letter faulted advertising members for impeding progress and W3C for bad leadership. Some working group members later tried to bring him back as a leader but this did not happen. Web tracking practices
Between 2011 and 2012 <mask> posted on illegal web tracking businesses. His contributions include the following.Most advertising businesses track users even after users opt out of cookies. Epic Marketplace has used CSS history sniffing to uncover medical and financial information for advertising purposes. The business contested <mask>'s research as "bogus". However, the Federal Trade Commission later brought complaints against Epic Marketplace, citing <mask>'s research. Microsoft has used ETags to track people and create zombie cookies on some websites. Microsoft stopped this practice after it was brought to their attention. User websites leak personal information to other websites.In 2012, <mask> found leaks on Barack Obama's and Mitt Romney's election websites even though both candidates claimed that all this information was anonymous. Google and other businesses have circumvented Apple Safari cookie blocking, as the 'Wall Street Journal reported on its first page. After this, the Federal Trade Commission fined Google $22.5 million. Google settled with

masks: Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer


title: Jonathan Mayer

texts:
 state attorneys general for $17 million. This FTC fine was the largest in that agency's history. Mobile application privacy policies
The California Online Privacy Protection Act requires websites to post privacy policies. Attorney General Kamala Harris argued that this law applies to mobile applications as well.<mask> was a consultant for implementing that law on mobile applications. That initiative produced a large settlement with all mobile platforms on February 22, 2012. Mozilla Firefox cookie blocking
In December 2012, <mask> proposed that Mozilla Firefox use the same cookie blocking mechanism as Apple Safari. He wrote the code patch as a community contributor and Mozilla adopted it. Representatives from the online advertising business have objected and criticize both <mask> and Mozilla. Businesses also had Congress members write letters to Mozilla. It was expressing false concerns about abducted children and natural disasters.Mozilla has since changed from Safari's cookie blocking mechanism, instead joining up with Cookie Clearinghouse's privacy initiative. <mask> has said that he is disappointed in Mozilla's decision but remains involved on the advisory board for Cookie Clearinghouse. National Security Agency Laws

After Edward Snowden leaked documents in 2013, <mask> has researched National Security Agency laws. One of <mask>'s projects has focused on Internet surveillance with FISA Amendments Act. <mask> concludes that NSA's "one-end foreign" rules allow them to spy on American citizens. His conclusions are part of the Director of National Intelligence Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies reporting. Another of <mask>'s projects has looked at telephone metadata in conjunction with the Patriot Act.Working with another Stanford researcher, Patrick Mutchler, <mask> concludes that metadata is very sensitive. Awards
 Forbes 30 Under 30 of 2014

References

External links

1987 births
American computer scientists
Living people
American lawyers
Computer law scholars
Articles containing video clips
Princeton School of Public and International Affairs

masks: Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer Mayer


title: Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Cabral Couceiro

texts:
<mask> (30 December 1861, in Lisbon – 11 February 1944, in Lisbon) was a Portuguese soldier, colonial governor, monarchist politician and counter-revolutionary; he was notable for his role during the colonial occupation of Angola and Mozambique and for his dedication to the Monarchist Cause during the period of the First Portuguese Republic through the founding of the Monarchy of the North. Early life
He was born to <mask>, a notable engineer in the Portuguese Army and <mask>, an Irish Protestant who converted to Catholicism (after being educated in a convent in  France). Following her widowed father's death, the 20-year-old <mask> worked for a time in Madrid, before taking residence in Portugal as the governess to the Viscount do Torrão's children. It was as the children's teacher that she met the engineer <mask> and later married, giving birth to two daughters (Carolina and Conceição) and their only son Henrique. <mask> was a militant Catholic, and the young José was raised in a strict authoritarian environment, where he read little of the popular literature, never went to the theater, attended mass daily and similarly read Imitação de Cristo daily in preparation of the "ultimate sacrifice". Similarly, his life was quite regimented: he went to sleep at 11 and woke at 6 in the morning, fenced for an hour, went to mass, had two hours training on horseback daily, and regularly shined his boots, brushed his suits and cleaned most of his personal items. <mask> instilled in her son a religious zeal and military regime; at the age of 11 she gave him a copy of the History of the Crusades,


texts:
 Ivanhoe and he read and re-read a copy of Don Quixote, while fostering ethos of the medieval knight: austerity, valor, abstinence,  service to God and to country.Military academy
Destined by family-upbringing to join the military, after concluding his preparatory studies in Lisbon (January 14, 1879), at 17 years of age, he volunteered for service in the 2nd Cavalry's Royal Lancers Regiment, a position that he served in until 1880. At that time he transferred to the 1st Artillery Regiment, and enrolled in the Military Academy at the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa ("Polytechnic University of Lisbon"), where he studied artillery between 1881 and 1884 as an officer candidate. On June 24, 1881, at 19 years of age, on the eve of being promoted to ensign, he fired five shots from his service revolver wounding Luís <mask> la Torre. The attack, which occurred in the Chiado area of Lisbon, was provoked by a shoulder bump against the defendant which provoked an insulting and offensive profanity to [Couceiro's] dignity. For this simple insult, which in the eyes of <mask> <mask> was without sufficient reason, he drew his Army revolver and fired five shots (three that actually hit) into the victim. In October, Couceiro responded to the charges of the Council of War to the crimes of attempted murder and the use of a prohibited weapon. In a unanimous decision, the council did not find attempted murder charges had been proven, but yet sentenced him to two years in a military prison, later (on April 7, 1882) to be commuted to six months in addition to time served.He was summarily released from the military

masks:
Léon de
Paiva
Couceiro


texts:
 prison at the Fort of São Julião da Barra on October 7 and returned to the Military Academy (on October 26, 1882). The events of his imprisonment did not affect his career; on January 9, 1884, he was promoted to second-lieutenant in artillery and served in the venerable 1st Artillery Regiment in Campolide, Lisbon. While there, he joined a group of young officers who practiced the "military arts" of that period, that included fencing and riding. He was later promoted to second-lieutenant (on January 27, 1886), and finally to captain (on July 4, 1889), wherein he volunteered for a commission in the Portuguese colonies in Africa (a consequence of the Berlin Conference that divided sections of Africa between European states). Military

Angolan campaign (1889-1891)
<mask> Couceiro arrived in Luanda, Angola on September 1, 1889, and was immediately appointed commander of the Irregular Cavalry Squadron in the village of Humpata (which was originally created by Artur <mask>, chief of the Barotze tribe.The growth of the Portuguese occupation force in the Angolan interior was part of the administration's  attempted to implement their Pink Map to explore and expand their serfdom over the peoples of the central-African interior. After some resistance, the colonial administration began a military campaign to pacify groups that had resisted initial token gestures of friendship and gifts, a process that <mask> <mask> participated in energetically. For the chief's recognition of Portuguese sovereignty over his territories, <mask> Couceiro brought with him a colonels tunic and sword, textiles, gold,

masks:
Paiva
de Paivawanika
Paiva
Couceiro
Paiva


texts: velvet, boxes of Porto wine and arms, which were to be delivered in 300 crates  when the Governor of Angola canceled the project. This was a consequence of the 1890 British Ultimatum that removed all Portuguese imperial illusions to sovereignty in south-central Africa, and made the trip dangerous and useless. Couceiro himself dropped the use of "<mask>" from his name out of spite. Meanwhile, he visited the Vila Teixeira da Silva, colonial outpost in Bailundo, site of two Protestant missions (one English, the other American) and where the Portuguese explorer António da Silva Porto lived. Arriving with 40 heavily armed soldiers from Mozambique he constructed an outpost and intimidated the local tribe (fearful of them constructing a fort in the area).After some time, unimpressed with <mask>'s reasons and mindful of the existing hostility between England and Portugal, the chief Dunduma sent Couceiro his own ultimatum. Familiar with the local tribes, the explorer Silva Porto was convinced to defuse the tensions. But his personal failure to resolve the conflict, and suffering from a loss of dignity and honor from the confrontation with the chief, and from a general pessimism associated with the British Ultimatum, caused Silva Porto to wrap himself in a Portuguese flag and attempt suicide by lighting several barrels of explosives. After Silva Porto's death, <mask> <mask> and his troops installed themselves briefly in Belmonte, but surrounded by forces of the chief of Bié, he was forced to withdraw to Bailundo. After remaining along the road to Cambane, he received orders from Governor General

masks: Mitchell Couceiro Paiva Couceiro


texts: Guilherme <mask> Capelo to follow the Angolan arm of the Okavango River to Mucusso (a trip of 2,600 km over uncharted lands), determine the navigability of the river and enforce the sovereignty of Portugal (which was under threat from English forces). His caravan began its journey on April 30, 1890, and included an interpreter (Joaquim Guilherme Gonçalves), ten Mozambican soldiers, three quartermasters and 90 attendants, who traveled into areas occupied by 16 chiefs with different cultures and in environments that had, until then, not been visited by Europeans. There voyage ended on July 30 in the village of the chief of the Mucusso tribe.But, they resolved to continue their exploration to the islands of Gomar, 65 kilometers away, and returned by river until the Fort of Princesa Amélia, in Bié (arriving on October 14 after five months). His expedition earned him the title of Knight of the Order of the Tower and Sword on December 18, 1890. On returning to Bié, he joined with Artur <mask>'s Irregular Cavalry Squadron in the punitive expedition to arrest chief Dunduma (or N’Dunduma), who had given him the ultimatum six months earlier. Artur <mask> brought with him 300 indigenous tribesmen, 70 Boer mercenaries, Portuguese volunteers and a group of auxiliaries made up of Zulu and Damaran peoples. After 30 days of bombardments and attacks, in which Couceiro noted Portuguese justice was imposed, the Barotze surrendered their chief. On terminating this operation he was charged with subjugation of the region of Caranganja and to explore the deposits of salt along the eastern margin of the Cuanza

masks:
de Brito
de Paiva
Paiva


texts:
 River (wherein he produced detailed reports on the 12-day 453-kilometer expedition). At the end of this campaign he returned to Belmonte, with a fever.Owing to his condition, on February 17, 1891, the Minister of the Navy terminated his commission and ordered him to return to Lisbon. In honor of his service, the people of the region of Belmonte-Cuito-Benguela gave him a diamond-studded replica of his Order of the Tower and Sword knighthood. Received in Lisbon, he was honored for his military activities and for opening up the Angolan interior, for which he received the title of Grand Officer in the Order of the Tower and Sword (on May 29, 1891). Mozambique campaign (1891–1896)
His award did not include a promotion, and after a short time in Lisbon, he was detached to the 3rd Artillery Regiment in Santarém where he remained between August 1891 and August 1892. He returned to the 1st Artillery Regiment in Lisbon after this experience. Generally unhappy with life in Lisbon, he requested a temporary assignment transfer to the Spanish Foreign Legion, which was in service in Melilla during the Battle of the Riff mountains, in Morocco. He distinguished himself, receiving the Spanish Military Merit Medal, but returned once again to Lisbon at the end of his tour; once again undeserving of a promotion, he rejoined the 1st Artillery Regiment.<mask> <mask> was vaguely occupied with a daughter of a Count in Valencia in summer 1894. In October 1894, the Tsonga tribe in southern Mozambique rebelled and attacked the local community of Lourenço Marques (later Maputo). The Portuguese Regenerator government

masks: Paiva Couceiro


texts: of Ernesto Hintze Ribeiro appointed former Progressive Party minister  António Enes to the title of Royal Commissioner in Mozambique, with the mission to crush the revolt and reaffirm Portuguese sovereignty (in the face of British threats from <mask>, who considered the Portuguese incapable of maintaining the territory). Due to his fame in Angola, <mask> <mask> was invited (and accepted on December 8, 1894) the title of aide-de-camp, and between January 18, 1895 and May he was joined in Mozambique by Alfredo Augusto Freire <mask>, <mask> Ornelas, Eduardo da Costa and Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho <mask>, along with the local commander major Alfredo Augusto Caldas Xavier. Upon arriving the contingent encountered a majority of local tribes (that included the Tongas, Batongas, Machopes and the Vátuas) against the Portuguese, encircling Lourenço Marques, and occupying the island of Xefina. António Enes's initial strategy was to occupy Marracuene from which they would impose order and re-take control of their domains. On January 21, 1895, a column left Lourenço Marques to patrol a distance of 15 kilometers.<mask> <mask>, with a vanguard of thirteen mounted-cavalry, distanced themselves from the column and were attacked by Tonga tribesmen, which they repelled. A month later, while attempting to rendezvous with the "friendly" Matola and Moamba tribes (which never appeared), <mask> Coucerio's detachment of 37 officers and 791 soldiers (that included 300 Angolans) were attacked on the morning of February 2. There was confusion in the Angolan ranks and the lines broke, but <mask> and the other officers

masks:
Cecil Rhodes
Paiva
Couceiro
de Andrade
Aires de
de Albuquerque
Paiva
Couceiro
Paiva
Couceiro


texts:
 were able to rebuild the ranks. Between 4 and 8 Portuguese soldiers and 20 Angolans, while 200 Tongas were killed in the battle. The column remained in the field for three days, and on March 5 they marched into Amboane and then Lourenço Marques on March 6 (where they remained for a month). In another demonstration of his violent tendencies, while in Lourenço Marques he assaulted three journalists (two British and an American) who he believed were hostile to Portuguese interests. He was publicly reprimanded by António Enes, although Enes later confessed that he reprimanded Couceiro "with the desire to kiss him".Enes, and his cabinet, were meanwhile working on a methodical plan to reestablish the dominion of the "King's lands"; he began with occupying the islands at the mouth of the Komati River (Xefina Grande, on February 29, and Xefina Pequena), while Freire <mask> fortified Marracuene and on the first days of April, Caldas Xavier, devastated the island of Benguelene. On April 25, Freire <mask> and Couceiro left Lourenço Marques with a column of 172 men and two cannons,  to build a bridge over the River Incomati to the island of Incanine. After a number of accidents in May, the bridge was complete and a detachment of 400 men headed by the officers entered the Magaia in the direction of Mapungo which the Portuguese sacked and burned. Similarly, on April 18, the detachment destroyed Macaneta, home of a tribe headed by a European educated local named Finish. These attacks forced many of the locals to flee to the lands of Gaza, ruled by chief Gungunhana; as Couceiro wrote:

"With our

masks:
de Andrade
de Andrade


texts: victories we have won vassals, more prestige! What a cruel sarcasm: the populations emigrate from a liberal administrative territory and governed humanitarianly by the Cross and Law and gather in the corrals of the last wild patriarch aboriginal". As a part of an overall plan to circle and defeat Gungunhana, Couceiro marched 270 Europeans, 50 Angolans, five cannons, and three rapid-firing guns to the southern border of Vátua lands in late June.Near the former fort of Stokolo, about 12 kilometers from the main road, <mask> <mask> and Freire <mask> built an outpost (Ponto X) and bridges without any conflict from the Cossine or Vátua tribes. On July 17, he recaptured the Portuguese outpost in Magude, and completed another bridge on July 24. Meanwhile, Enes was not having too much success in trying to encircle the tribal-lands of Gungunhana. He protested to him, through his intermediaries José Joaquim <mask>da and <mask> Ornelas, and requested he surrender rebels Mahazulo and Matibejana, as well as insisting that the chief accept two or three posts on his lands, in exchange for the immediate  removal of Portuguese troops along his frontiers. Although Enes had been counseled against starting a war with Gungunhana, Couceiro and Freire <mask>rade insisted, at the end of June, that they should advance towards Cossine (within the Vátua lands) and begin the war against the chief. This perturbed the chief; near Cossine were many Vátua tribesmen, and in Magul, the provisional base of Matibejana. On August 23, <mask> Couceiro received orders to attack and arrest the rebel Matibejana.He advanced with

masks:
Paiva
Couceiro
de Andrade
de Almei
Aires de
de And
Paiva


texts:
 1,000 men along the swampy river, while a contingent of auxiliaries  pillaged the neighboring villages and massacred the inhabitants. What was later known as the Battle of Magul, demonstrated acts that were more cavalier than operationally strategic. <mask> <mask>'s contingent, once again, became separated from his colleague Freire <mask>'s column, and finding the tribes of Cossine exhorted an ultimatum to surrender the rebel Matibejana within three days. When this did not occur, and after several days of inactivity, the gathered tribesman attacked directly the Portuguese lines, which resisted with only 5 dead and 27 injured (the tribes lost 300–450 in total). Although not a strategic victory, it did establish Portuguese military supremacy and turned the tide of the Luso-African skirmishes For his actions, in August 1895, <mask> <mask> was made Knight of the Order of São Bento de Avis, for his actions. Although he demonstrated extraordinary physical courage, he placed his forces in unnecessary harm, but was to become a celebrity and feted with local honors, particularly after the imprisonment of Gungunhana:

"We will see if the victory of Magul will be the defeat of Gungunhana; the defeat, probably, in the district of Lourenço Marques...if it wasn't for <mask> Couceiro, probably, we would lament even today the great disgrace." At the conclusion of these operations, <mask> <mask> left Lourenço Marques (December 18, 1895).Arriving in Lisbon in February 1896, he was proclaimed Benemérito da Pátria ("Honored of the Fatherland"), by unanimity of the Royal Court, recognized for his contribution

masks:
Paiva
Couceiro
de Andrade
Paiva
Couceiro
Paiva
Paiva
Couceiro


texts:
 to Gungunhana's later imprisonment he was made Commander of the Order of the Tower and Sword, and provided with an annual pension of 500$000 réis. In addition, he was made honorary adjunct-do-camp to King Carlos I of Portugal, integrated into the Royal Military House,  and received the Gold Medal for military valor,  and the Queen D. Amélia Silver Medallion for combat during the Mozambique campaign. Politics

In 1898, <mask> Couceiro was transferred into a bureaucratic and administrative role within the armed forces hierarchy; he took part in discussions on Law 14, that dealt with the provisional creation of a 2nd Captain in Artillery, and also debated, with conviction, rapid promotions and better salaries for officers. In 1901, he was sent to Angola, with the mission of reporting on army mobility between the Lucala River and Malanje. His conclusions were presented in a report where he was preoccupied with the Portuguese colonial politics. From here he repeatedly manifested  a disdain for politics, considering it an "indignant swamp" to the honor of true Portuguese, and published numerous articles about colonial and national politics, revealing growing nationalism and anti-parliamentarianism against the rotating system of government in Portugal (which he referred to as the "decline of the Fatherland"). In interviews and public interjections, he assumed the role of Nuno Álvares Pereira, ready to "save" Portugal."<mask> <mask> was, always, the literal synthesis of the Lusitanian descendant of Cid Campeador, the mystic Nun'Álvares, the nobleman of Guesclin"

His position was galvanized by

masks: Paiva Paiva Couceiro


texts: the suicide of Joaquim Augusto Mouzinho <mask>hana, who was slowly destroyed by political intrigue. His political thoughts, imbued with nationalism and Catholicism, preceded in many ways the  Integralismo Lusitano, which included the philosophies of Joaquim <mask> Oliveira Martins and Guerra Junqueiro (who wrote Finis Patriae). Assuming a moral stance, on April 1, 1902, he sent a "respectful petition" to the Royal Court, to decry the imposition of customs taxes on the state's creditors, to recommend a balanced budget and suggested reforms to the political system that guided the "nobleness and traditions" of the Portuguese populous. His letter was widely published in the press and was supported by right-wing monarchists, becoming the uncontested leader of the "Africanistas" (former African military or colonial nationals living in Portugal). Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro the author wrote the poem Paródia, to eulogize Couceiro. It was not long after his petition that a new scandal surfaced: in December 1902 António Teixeira <mask>, the Minister of the Marines and Colonies in the Hintze Ribeiro government, negotiated a contract with Robert Williams (a Breton who the press referred to as the "disciple of <mask>") to construct a rail-line to link Lobito and Benguela (in Mozambique) to the Congolese border, which guaranteed a 99-year transport monopoly and access to mineral exploration along an area 240 kilometers wide by 1,347 kilometres in length. The Williams Contract, as it was known, scandalized nationalists (who saw this as an exclusively Portuguese right); Paiva Couceiro declared that the

masks:
de Albuquerquegun
Pedro de
de Sousa
Cecil Rhodes


texts:
 ministers who sanctioned the accord were traitors.His statements did not make any friends; notwithstanding his links to the Royal House, on December 6, 1902, he was transferred to the role of adjunct to the Inspecção do Serviço de Artilharia in Évora. This imposed exile lasted until November 1903, when the Progressita leader José Luciano <mask>, transferred to the Grupo de Baterias a Cavalo de Queluz, where he remained until 1906. But, while in Évora, he became familiar with João Franco and the Partido Regenerador-Liberal. A symbol of this approximation was the speech by João Franco in May 1903, where his ideas about colonial politics corresponded with <mask> <mask>. Elected politician (1906-1907)
In 1905, after general elections on February 12 (37th Legislative Elections) and when it became clear the King Carlos I of Portugal resolved to finally support governmental reforms made by João Franco's government, <mask> Couveiro and other "Africanists"  (such as Freire <mask>, <mask> Ornelas, Ivens Ferraz and João Baptista Ferreira) decide to register as candidates in the Liberal Regenerator Party. The right-wing newspaper, Alamanque proclaimed of <mask> <mask> "the nobility of his personage and immaculate candor...[was enough that the Portuguese] would never lose their confidence in the future of the race". He ran in the elections to the 39th Legislature (on August 19, 1906), representing the 15th district in eastern Lisbon (from 1906–1907).In 1906, he was a member of the Comissão Parlamentar do Ultramar ("Parliamentary Commission on Overseas Territories"); between 1806 and 1907, he sat on

masks:
de Castro
Paiva
Couceiro
Paiva
de Andrade
Aires de
Paiva
Couceiro


texts:
 the Comissão Parlamentar de Administração Pública ("Parliamentary Commission on the Public Administration  and also the Comissão Parlamentar da Guerra (Parliamentary Commission on War); his roles on these commission were initially in issues related to the colonies and the military, but grew to include opposition to progressive politics and to the support of issues that were clearly anti-democratic. When discussing the colonies, in particular Angola, he was very passionate, defending that the colonial was the unique resource to make this small Portugal large/important. His legislative career was cut short when, on May 2, 1907, the government leader João Franco, resolved to distance himself from the progressives and through the support of the King, he suspended the Parliament and governed as a dictator. As opposition republican and anarchist groups grew rapidly, <mask> <mask>'s politics became more radical: he advocated a traditional monarchial system that was anti-parliamentarian and without political parties. He served, from 1907 to 1909, as the 89th Governor of Angola. His devotion to the monarchist cause earned him several periods of exile, both before and after the coming of the dictatorial New State (Estado Novo) of António Salazar (1933). Colonial governor of Angola (1907-1909)
On May 1, 1907, the Colonial governor of Angola, Eduardo Augusto Ferreira da Costa, died.Under the suggestion of King Carlos, the new Minister of the Navy, <mask> Ornelas, one of <mask> Couveiro's Africanist comrades, invited him to accept the prestigious colonial position; being a supporter of João Franco had

masks:
Paiva
Couceiro
Aires de
Paiva


texts: helped his nomination. He accepted it on May 24, 1907, becoming the interim Colonial governor (since his title as Captain did not permit him to obtain the formal title immediately). He arrived in Luanda on June 17, 1907. His objectives were clear: occupy, explore  and garrison the territory until the most remote frontiers, to guarantee security and prevent external interference; promote economic development in the colony, creating cheap, rapid communication to fix Portuguese colonists, providing local work for the indigenous and reducing the weight of protectionism and urban monopolies; and allow the local provincial government to resolve issues autonomously, without the interference of the central government. Although a difficult task, the period of his tenure was marked by progress: fact that was made clear by the following Colonial Governor, José Norton <mask> and confirmed by the historian René Pélissier During this period, in addition to public works, he personally commanded military campaigns to pacifiy the regions of the Cuamato tribe and municipality of Dembos (in Cuanza Norte). He was also responsible for diversifying the economy (90% of which was dependent on rubber and coffee), the expansion of railway lines and the advance into the interior territories. After João Franco's government fell in 1908 (a victim of the events around the assassination of King D. Carlos and his heir Prince Luís Filipe), <mask> <mask> maintained his position until July 22, 1909, after realizing many public works.His eventual resignation was the result of mounting frustrations between his colonial

masks:
de Matos
Paiva
Couceiro


texts:
 government and the Regenerator government of Venceslau <mask> <mask> Lima. He left Launda in June 1909, notwithstanding the protests from the local European settlers, who wanted him to continue on in the position. Arriving in Lisbon at the beginning of July, during the period of D. Manuel II of Portugal's final months, he received the commission to command the Grupo de Artilharia a Cavalo de Queluz ("Queluz Mounted Artillery"). While Portuguese politics was embroiled in constant scandals, in particular the allegations of fraud in the Crédito Predial Português, <mask> Couceiro remained relatively separated from these conflicts, occupied with his aspirations of obtaining a promotion to Major. Counter-revolutionary

His silence was broken in July 1910, when he published an editorial in the Franco supported O Correio da Manhã and signed HPC, wherein he appealed for a counter-revolution to save the monarchy. He then was involved in several inconsequential conspiracies, in order to implant a monarchist regime in Parliament, defending most of the ideas anti-democratic Republicans adopted. His appeals were not given any debate.Rapidly, the regime fell on October 5, and the First Portuguese Republic was proclaimed. <mask> <mask> was one of the few military commanders to try and seriously stop the revolution, without success. His artillery, located on the Torel, was the only garrison to fire on the camps in the Rotunda or the Eduardo VII Park. Abandoned by other monarchist troops, and after bombarding the Rotunda, he marched to Sintra to join the King. On finding-out that D. Manuel II had moved to

masks:
de Sousa
Pereira de
Paiva
Paiva
Couceiro


texts:
 Mafra he attempted to meet-up with the King, who had subsequently evacuated from Ericeira on the royal yacht Amélia IV. At a time where Republican success was not clear, he was ordered by superiors to the barracks. The Portuguese military at this time had not yet joined the Republican revolution, and it was tenuous enough that Admiral Cândido dos Reis, fearing a crushing of the movement, committed suicide.<mask> <mask> <mask> was informed of this event and the fragility of the Republican revolution, although it is unclear whether at that moment he was willing to disobey his superiors and take the initiative to continue the battle against the Republicans. The Republican revolution was not as widely supported; photos taken in the Praça do Município, when the Republican directorate took control, showed few residents celebrating the revolution. Although considered a monarchist, on October 6, he was contacted by the Provisional Government to determine his allegiance, even after the events at the Rotunda. In an interview with Joaquim Leitão, <mask> <mask> recounted his response:

I recognize the institutions that the people recognize. But, if the people's opinion isn't unanimous, if the North does not agree with the South, I will be, until the end, on the side of the faithful to tradition. And if it requires foreign intervention to support the Monarchy, then I will be on the side of the Republic...Afterwards I asked to resign. I asked it because, after many years of sacrifice and work under the blue and white colors and shields of our flag, I did not think, I could not take to abandon the

masks: Henrique Paiva Couceiro Paiva Couceiro


texts: symbol of the history of my Country.[To] Pretend that a symbol with roots in our soul and [which] inspired respect in all the World and [the] works of many generations. And I, for my part, find myself too old to begin now, a new struggle that the garlands of a new flag require. After his proposal to the Provisional Government, on March 18, 1911, and following the May 28, 1911 elections (which he did not recognize), he went to the Ministry of War and resigned his commission, depositing his sword and stating: "I deliver my resignation and leave the Country to ferment conspiracy. Arrest me if you wish." No one responded, and he turn his back and left the Ministry, without anyone arresting him. He commanded a monarchist incursion on October 4, 1911. This entered Portugal from Cova da Lua, Espinhosela and Vinhais (where the monarchist flag was raised from the balconies of the city council halls) and attacked the city of Chaves, with the discreet indifference of the Spanish government of Alfonso XIII.Three days later, Republican forces forced his troops into retreat, and they escaped to Galicia. In December 1911, he participated in meetings to deal with the dynastic question imposed by D. Manuel II and his cousin, D. Miguel, that was settled in the "Dover Pact", which was published in London (December 30, 1911). Writing in his journal, <mask> <mask> wrote: "And finally we can fix on the 30th of January (1912), the date of the meeting of the Royal Persons in Dover, in respect to the protocol. In fact, they realized on this date and place, a meeting between the King D. Manuel and his cousin D.


texts: Miguel of Braganza, in a hall of the Lord Warden Hotel, where there appeared also, the Viscount of Assêca who accompanied D. Manuel, the Viscount of São João da Pesqueira, who accompanied D. Miguel, and <mask> <mask> in the role of Chief of the Combatants, accompanied by Francisco Pombal. The King D. Manuel and the lord D. Miguel of Braganza signed the monumental "Pact of Dover"." Along with other "incursionistas", <mask> <mask> was sentenced in absentia by the 2nd District Court in Oporto, on June 17, 1912; along with <mask> were included Father Domingos Pires, José Maria <mask>, Abílio Ferreira, Firmino Augusto Martins, Manuel Lopes, David Lopes, Captain Jorge Camacho, Count of Mangualde, Captain Remédios da Fonseca, Medical Captain José Augusto Vilas Boas and Lieutenant Figueira. The judgment sentenced him to six years in prison, or ten years in exile and was considered "relatively mild considering the service provided to the Fatherland".The remaining attackers were convicted to six years in prison, 10-years in exile and some to 20-years. On July 6, 1912, he began his exile by commanding another monarchist incursion into Chaves which was, once more, repelled on July 8by supporters of the republic and he and his supporters returned to exile. His sentence was formalized on November 19, 1912, by a military tribunal, officially exiling the Captain in 1915; in article 2 of the Amnesty Decree issued February 22, 1915 signed by Bernardino Luíz Machado Guimarães and Manuel Joaquim Rodrigues Monteiro it is made clear that the leaders and instigators, who included <mask> <mask> specifically,

masks: Paiva Couceiro Paiva Couceiro Couceiro Fernandes Paiva Couceiro


texts: were expelled from the territory of the Portuguese Republic for a period of ten years. The decree was promulgated by Pimenta <mask> in 1915 to include Azevedo Coutinho, Jorge Camacho, Victor Sepulveda and <mask> Almeida. In 1915 he was invited to become Governor of Angola by the Republican government led by Araújo <mask>, Oliveira Jericote and others, at his home in Oeiras. <mask> <mask> refused to serve in the government, and instead moved to Spain, where he continued to agitate for the restoration of the monarchy. After Sidónio Pais was shot dead in Lisbon (December 1918), <mask> <mask> found another opportunity to launch his monarchist goal.With the help of expatriates, he was able to subvert the institutions in the northern territories from Moinho along the Vouga River, and in the name of D. Manuel II of Portugal, exiled in Great Britain, attempted to restore the 1826 Constitution. His objective was the return of a corporate, Catholic monarchy; it was to this end that he proclaimed in Porto the "Monarchy of the North" (January 19 to February 13, 1919). <mask> Couceiro exercised the role of President of the Governing Junta of the Kingdom (1919), whose function was equivalent to the Prime Minister. During these 25 days in power, the governing Junta revoked all republican legislation promulgated since October 5, 1910, restored the monarchist flag and anthem and attempted to legislate its legitimacy. At the time <mask> <mask> was supported by leaders in the "Integralistas", including  Luís <mask> Braga (its Secretary) and  António Sardinha. In Monsanto, he was helped by Pequito Rebelo and

masks:
de Castro
João de
de Sá
Paiva
Couceiro
Paiva
Couceiro
Paiva
Paiva
Couceiro
de Almeida


texts: Hipólito Raposo. Because of his role in these monarchist incursions, and for his loyalty to the cause, he became known as O Paladino (the Paladin).Soldiers! You have in front of yourselves the Blue and White flag! Soldiers! Those were always the colors of Portugal, since Afonso <mask>, at Ourique, in the defense of our land against the Moors, until when D. Manuel II was king and maintained it against the African rebels in our dominions of Magul, Coolela, Cuamato and many other battles that illustrate our Portuguese army...When in 1910, Portugal abandoned the Blue and White, Portugal abandoned its history! And the people that abandoned their history are those people who fall and die. Soldiers! The Army, above all, is the highest expression of the Fatherland and, for this, it must support and guard the nation in the most difficult circumstances, aiding in the appropriate hour against risks, be them external or internal, that threatens its existence...And to abandon your history is an error that kills!Against this error you must protest. Therefore, the Army, raises again the Blue and White flag...Show it the road to valor, to loyalty and bravado, where the Portuguese of the past conquered greatness and fame, which still today give dignity to the Army of Portugal in front of the nations of the World! We swear to follow it, soldiers! And to protect it with our bodies, even at the cost of our own blood! And with the help of God, and the force of traditional convictions, that the Blue and White symbolize, our Fatherland will save us! Long live the King D. Manuel II! Long live the Army!Long live


texts:
 the Portuguese Fatherland! The monarchist rebellion of 1919 soon ended, since it did not have enough active support in the country at large, and above all because of the failure of Manuel II himself to come to the monarchists' aid. On February 13, <mask> <mask> was once again brought before a military tribunal, convened to sentence the participants of the Northern Monarchy; along with António Solari Alegro, he was condemned to exile on December 3, 1920, this time for 25 years (Diário do Minho, Braga 4/12/1920). But under a new amnesty, decreed on January 24, 1924, he returned to Portugal. During the Estado Novo Paiva Couceiro was yet again banished, this time for six months, following a public criticism which he had made of the colonial politics employed by António <mask> Salazar's administration. This did not diminish <mask> <mask>'s outspokenness, and on October 31, 1937, he was arrested anew by Salazar's government; at the age of 77 he was sent to Granadilla de Abona, on the Spanish island of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. Two years later, he was permitted to return to Portugal, and there to the last he declared his imperial aspirations:

"Empire we are, Empire we must remain"

Marriage and later life

On November 21, 1896, he married Júlia <mask> Noronha, only daughter of the 3rd Count of Parati in the parish of Encarnação, with King D. Carlos acting as best-man.He had quickly been propelled into the higher echelons of the social class: a prestigious military hero, linked to the Royal House of Portugal, married to a noble House, and an intimate of D. <mask> Sousa

masks:
Paiva
Couceiro
de Oliveira
Paiva
Couceiro
Maria de
Isabel de


texts:
 Botelho (her mother-in-law), who was a member of high society that circled the King. Their relationship could not be any more magnanimous: <mask> <mask> fashioned himself the Nun'Álvares <mask>l, while his wife remained at home and occupied herself with the faith. D. Júlia was as pious and religious as her husband; she frequented the Congregação das Religiosas Reparadoras, a benevolent religious society, as well as becoming the lifelong president of the Associação Reparadora das Marias dos Sacráricos Calvários. The couple had three daughters, and two sons:  Helena Francisca Maria do Carmo <mask> <mask> <mask> (who became Mother Superior of the Colégio das Doroteias, in Benguela);  Maria do Carmo <mask> <mask> <mask> (founded the Filhas de Maria in India, but was not a nun, although she dedicated her life to religious and social works); the oldest daughter, Isabel Maria do Carmo <mask> Noronha <mask>iva <mask> (who married António Carlos Sacramento Calainho <mask> Azevedo, an ensign and first to raise the monarchical flag in 1919 counter-revolution; José António do Carmo <mask> <mask> <mask>; and  Miguel António do Carmo <mask> <mask> <mask>, 4th Count of Parati. Of the couple's three daughters, two became nuns, one of them as a missionary in Angola. Paiva Couceiro died in 1944. In that year, he issued one final political testament, which he made to his friend Preto Cruz:

"It was difficult being the Governor of Angola, but it was more difficult to be honest during the 34 years of the Republic."After his death, his son eulogized his father:

"My father justified his combat against the

masks:
Paiva
Couceiro
de Magu
de Norha
de Paiva
Couceiro
de Noronha
de Paiva
Couceiro
de
de Pa
Couceiro
de
de Noronha
de Paiva
Couceiro
de Noronha
de Paiva
Couceiro


texts:
 Republic with the conviction that this regime did not correspond to the needs of the Country, nor that it expressed the mood of the nation." Published works
His published writings include many works  on colonialism, resurgent nationalism, taken from the perspective of the Integralist Lusitania philosophies. Relatório de viagem entre Bailundo e as terras do Mucusso, Imprensa Nacional, 1892
 Angola: Estudo administrativo, Tipografia da Cooperativa Militar, 1898
 Artur <mask>, A. Liberal, 1900
 A Democracia Nacional, Imprensa Portuguesa, Lisboa, depositários França & Arménio, Coimbra, 1917
 O Soldado Prático", Tipografia Silvas, Ltd, Lisboa, para as Edições Gama, Lisboa, 1936
 Angola: dois anos de governo, Junho 1907 — Junho 1909, Edições Gama, Lisboa, 1948 [foi acompanhada pela obra de Norton de Matos, Angola: ensaio sobre a vida e acção de Paiva Couceiro em Angola que se publica ao reeditar-se o seu relatório de Governo Edições Gama, Lisboa, 1948]. References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

Portuguese colonial governors and administrators
Portuguese military officers
1861 births
1944 deaths
Governors of Portuguese Angola
1900s in Angola
Portuguese soldiers
Portuguese monarchists
Portuguese anti-fascists
People from Lisbon
20th-century Portuguese


title: Uku Suviste

texts:
<mask> (born 6 June 1982) is an Estonian singer-songwriter, pianist and music producer. He was scheduled to represent Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2020 in Rotterdam, Netherlands, before cancellation of the competition that year. However, he finally had the chance to represent Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021. Education

At the age of six Suviste began his education in specialised music class at Tallinn School No. 21. At the same time he started attending in Tallinn Boys Choir and in school's boy choir under the guidance of Lydia Rahula. She was also his solfeggio teacher and prepared him well for the time when he entered the Tallinn Music School.In 1997 he graduated specializing in piano. In 2000, he graduated high school at Tallinn School No. 21 with commendations in music and P.E. After high school he underwent eight months of military service at The Guard Battalion. In 2001, he was admitted to the Estonian Information Technology College, and four years later he graduated in the specialty of computer systems administrator. A year after joining the IT College, he went to the Georg Ots Tallinn School of Music to study pop jazz singing. For one and a half years starting in 2006, he studied at Berklee College of Music in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, majoring in singing, contemporary writing and music production.Music career
Starting 2004, <mask> has participated in Uno Naissoo youth singing and music composition competition for many years. In 2004, he was awarded a special prize for his original song "Never Have To". The following year his polyphonic a cappella song "Sõbrad" ("Friends") for six-voice vocals ensemble won 2nd place. In 2008, the song

masks:
Uku Suviste
Suviste


title: Uku Suviste

texts: "Refreshing"  written by <mask> and his friend Mairo Marjamaa won the competition. In 2005, Suviste participated in the well-known Estonian singing contest "Kaks Takti Ette" and came in 3rd place. Subsequent to the contest, he got the opportunity to work in Elmar Liitmaa's music studio "Rockhouse" as a music producer. While working in the studio and producing songs for many well-known Estonian artists, he gained valuable experience and had the opportunity to record a lot of his own original songs.In 2005, he self-produced and released his first original CD album, titled "It’s Christmas Time". Throughout 2006, Suviste was a part of an Estonian R&B and '80s disco music band called "Lament". He was the second vocal soloist and also played the keyboard. In November 2008, he collaborated with the 2007 "Estonian Idol" winner Birgit Õigemeel, and they released the album "Ilus Aeg" ("Beautiful time"). Suviste arranged all the tracks on the album, and sang in a few songs in duet with Birgit. To promote their album, the duo gave a number of concerts. In 2010, Suviste took part in Russia's largest song contest "New Wave", finishing in 3rd place.In 2012, Suviste produced the music video "Võitmatu" ("Invincible"), with the support and cooperation of the Estonian Defence Forces and the Estonian Ministry of Defence. The music video was dedicated to all the soldiers, who had served in the armed forces in Afghanistan, and to the servicemembers' families. Two guest performers made a cameo appearance in the beginning and end of the video, to also show their support for Estonian soldiers. The first was Estonian discus thrower and Olympic gold medalist Gerd Kanter, and the other was Justin


title: Uku Suviste

texts:
 Gatlin, an American sprinter and Olympic gold medalist in the 100-metre run. In Autumn 2014, Suviste took part in the Estonian television parody show "Sinu Nägu Kõlab Tuttavalt" ("Your Face Sounds Familiar"). Suviste competed in the 7th season of the Russian version of The Voice in 2018, where he was coached by Ani Lorak. He was eliminated from the competition in the semi-final.<mask> has competed in the Eesti Laul music competition several times. The contest is used to select Estonia's entry for Eurovision. In Eesti Laul 2017 he competed with the song "Supernatural", but was eliminated in the first semi-final. Suviste participated in Eesti Laul 2019, with the song "Pretty Little Liar". He made it through the second semi-final, and placed second in the final. Suviste competed again in Eesti Laul 2020 with his song "What Love Is" and won the national final, becoming the Estonian entry at the 2020 Eurovision Song Contest. When Eurovision was canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic pandemic, Suviste was not named the Estonian artist for Eurovision 2021, as happened in some other countries.He was, however, offered a spot in the semi-finals for Eesti Laul 2021, which he accepted. Suviste won Eesti Laul 2021 and represented Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2021 with his song "The Lucky One". He participated in the second semi-final of the contest, but failed to qualify for the grand final, finishing 13th. Musical theatre

<mask> has performed as an ensemble member in several stage musicals, such as Bart's "Oliver!" and Kander's "Chicago". In "West Side Story" and "Grease", however, he was cast on leading roles, Tony and Danny, respectively. In the latter, he played against

masks: Suviste Suviste


title: Uku Suviste

texts:
 Getter Jaani, who was then cast as Sandy.Achievements

Uno Naissoo Song Contest

Young singer's contest "Kaks Takti Ette"

2005 – won 3rd place, and best male singer. International song contest "New Wave"
In 2010, Suviste took part in Russia's largest song contest "New Wave" (Russian: Новая волна, translit. Novaya volna), which took place in Jūrmala, Latvia, and won 3rd place. There were 12,000 participants, and the contest was broadcast in 31 countries. Personal life
<mask>'s father is Estonian TV producer Raivo <mask>, and his mother is <mask>. <mask> graduated the Tallinn State Conservatory (now the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre) under the guidance of Hendrik Krumm, specialising in classical singing. Suviste's uncle Väino Puura and Puura's wife Sirje Puura are well-known opera singers in Estonia.Miscellaneous
In 2010, readers of the magazine Kroonika rated Suviste "Estonia's Sexiest Man". In late 2010, Suviste performed with dance instructor and show host Kaisa Oja in Kanal 2's Tantsud tähtedega, the local variety of "Dancing with the Stars". In 2011 Suviste became a patron of UNICEF Estonia. Discography

Singles
 As lead artist

As featured artist

Music videos
"Võitmatu" (2012)
"Show me the love" (2010)
"Valge Lumi" Anzhelika Agurbash and <mask> Suviste (2013)
"I wanna be the one" Uku Suviste & Kéa (2014)
"What Love Is" (2020)
"Müüdud ja Pakitud" (2020)
"The Lucky One" (2021)

References

External links
Uku Suviste ametlik koduleht

1982 births
Living people
21st-century Estonian male singers
Estonian musicians
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2020
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2021
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Estonia
People from Võru
Eesti

masks:
Suviste
Suviste
Dana Suviste
Dana Suviste
Uku


title: Brian Patterson

texts:
<mask> (born January 4, 1965 in Hayward, California U.S.) is a former American "Old School" bicycle motocross (BMX) racer. <mask> is the younger of the most potent sibling combinations BMX has ever seen. With Brent the <mask> are the only brothers to both hold the National No.1 Pro title in any major BMX sanctioning body. Brent in 1980 and <mask> in 1982 and 1983 in the American Bicycle Association (ABA). They are also the only sibling combination to hold both the no.1 and no.2 national pro plate simultaneously with a major sanctioning body with <mask> being ABA number one pro and Brent number two pro in 1982. Racing career milestones

Note: Professional first are on the national level unless otherwise indicated. Started racing: At least early 1976 at 11 years old.Took a hiatus from racing beginning in 1979 at 13 due to burn out but resumed racing late 1980 at 15 years old. First race result: Possibly March 20, 1976 when he won 10 & 11 Novice Class at the Pioneer Area. His brother Brent came in third in 14 novice. First race bicycle:

First local win: See above. Sanctioning body:

Home sanctioning body district(s): National Bicycle Association (NBA) District "N" (Northern California);

First National win:

First sponsor: A local Schwinn Bicycle shop in Hayward, California. Turned Pro: Early 1982 at Age 17. First Professional race result: Third place at 1982 American Bicycle Association (ABA) Winter Nationals in Chandler, Arizona.It was his only "A" pro race before being moved up to "AA" pro by ABA Vice President Gene Roden at

masks:
Brian Patterson
Brian Patterson
Brothers Patterson
Brian
Brian


title: Brian Patterson

texts: <mask>'s request. First Professional win: April 10, 1982 at the ABA Rondo North American Championship Classic in St. Paul, Minnesota in "AA" Pro and Pro Open. First Junior Pro* result: See "First Professional race result". First Junior Pro win: None. First Senior Pro** result: See "First Professional win". First Senior Pro Win: See above. Height & weight at his height of his career: (1982–1984): Ht: 6' 3" Wt:~195 lbs.Retired from the senior pro circuit: Mid 1986 at age 21. As is usual, many former top pro BMXers do not retire completely but race for fun or if there is a particularly large pro purse, such as the 1987 NBL World Cup. <mask> occasionally raced in several large races for both reasons in 1987, although both <mask> and Brent raced Motorcycle Motocross professionally. Both would race BMX again when they attended the ABA Spring Nationals in 1991. Neither made the main. Both Brent's and <mask>'s days seriously contending for Senior Pro No.1 racer were over. However, not his career.After a six year hiatus <mask> did come back to race in the mid-1990s in the ABA's Veteran Pro Class (along with fellow "Old Schoolers" Harry Leary and Eric Rupe) and did well. He was even reunited with his old Patterson Racing teammate Richie Anderson on the U.S. Boss Racing Products racing team. As for Patterson Racing Products, it went out of business in the summer of 1986 due to production problems. *In the NBL it is "B" Pro/Superclass/"A" pro (depending on the era); in the ABA "A" Pro. **In the NBL it is "A" Pro/All Pro/"AA" pro/Elite

masks: Brian Brian Brian Brian Brian


title: Brian Patterson

texts:
 Men (depending on the era); in the ABA "AA" Pro. Career factory and major bicycle shop sponsors

Note: This listing only denotes the racer's primary sponsors. At any given time a racer could have numerous co-sponsors.Primary sponsorships can be verified by BMX press coverage and sponsor's advertisements at the time in question. When possible exact dates are given. Amateur
AAA Restaurant Fire Control: 1976
Speedo Racing Products: October 1976-Early November 1977. Patterson Racing Products: Early November 1977 – 1986. Brain and Brent would turn pro with Patterson Racing. Detailed below. Professional
Patterson Racing Products: Early November 1977 – 1986.This was the family owned BMX bicycle firm started by their father <mask> in late 1977 after Speedo, who <mask> had invested in, showed no signs of progress toward developing a BMX racing frame, the original reason why <mask> invested in the first place. It was his and his brothers only factory sponsor in their Senior pro careers (<mask> would ride for Boss Racing Products in the mid-1990s in the Masters/Veterans Pro classes). That Speedo team, despite getting offers from other firms to join their factory teams, they opted to stay together and thus the original Patterson team of <mask>, Brent, Kevin Riding, John Crews, and Mike Koron was formed. <mask> started Patterson racing also in part to fulfill his original intent with Speedo to come out with a BMX bicycle frame and signed up the ex Speedo Team and added Richie Anderson to it. Richie would virtually become part of the

masks:
Vance Patterson
Vance Patterson
Vance Patterson
Brian
Brian
Vance Patterson


title: Brian Patterson

texts:
 <mask> family and stay with <mask> for many years, much longer than the average top amateur would stay with one team. Retired for approximately six years (1986–1992). U.S. Boss Racing Products: January 1993-through 1995.Being bitten by the "BMX Bug" again, he restarted his BMX career in 1993 by racing in the ABA's Veteran Pro class. On Boss, he was reunited with John Crews, Richie Anderson and Scott Clark, his old Speedo and Patterson Racing Products teammates. Career Bicycle Motocross titles

Note: Listed are District, State/Provincial/Department, Regional, National, and International titles in italics. "Defunct" refers to the fact of that sanctioning body in question no longer existing at the start of the racer's career or at that stage of his/her career. Depending on point totals of individual racers, winners of Grand Nationals do not necessarily win National titles. Series and one off Championships are also listed in block. Amateur
National Bicycle Association (NBA)
1976 11 Expert Grand National Champion
1977 12 Expert Grand National Champion
National Bicycle League (NBL)
None
United Bicycle Racers (UBR)
1981 16 & Over Expert Grandnational Champion
American Bicycle Association (ABA)
None
United States Bicycle Motocross Association (USBA)
None
International Bicycle Motocross Federation (IBMXF)
1981 16 & Over Expert International Champion.Professional
National Bicycle Association (NBA)
None
National Bicycle League (NBL)
1983 National No.2 Pro
United Bicycle Racers (UBR)
1984 Pro Cruiser Grandnational Champion
American

masks: Patterson Patterson


title: Brian Patterson

texts:
 Bicycle Association (ABA)
1982 "Pro Car Main" Grandnational Champion, "AA" Pro Grandnational Champion and Pro Open Grandnational Champion (Triple)
1983 "Pro Car Main" Grandnational Champion
1982, 1983 National No.1 Pro. <mask>'s brother Brent came in ABA No.2 pro in 1982 when <mask> became No.1 pro for that year, the only sibling combination to do so. 1984 Pro Cruiser Grandnational Champion
United States Bicycle Motocross Association (USBA)
1984 Pro Cruiser Grandnational Champion
1984 Pro Cruiser National No.2
1985 Gatorade Pro Race of Champions Champion
International Bicycle Motocross Federation (IBMXF)
1983 20" Pro and Pro Cruiser Murray World Cup II Champion
1985 20" Pro Murray World Cup IV Champion

Notable Accolades
Super BMX magazine's Racer of the Year for 1984. No voter totals, breakdowns or percentage of the vote given. <mask> is a 1988 ABA BMX Hall of Fame Inductee. Significant injuries
Broke wrist in first moto of the final race of the 1983 ESPN Pro Spectacular in Burbank, California on December 27, 1983. He raced five more times (the last two motos, a quarter final, and a twice ran semi final.He did not transfer to the main after that semi. He then went to the hospital before confirming his belief he had a broken wrist. Two months before his Brother Brent broke his wrist in a practice session. Broke arm at Howell, New Jersey NBL race on July 15, 1984. Had to undergo surgery to have plates and screws implanted and was laid up for two months, missing the NBL Grandnational. His first race back was the ABA Great

masks:
Brian
Brian
Brian Patterson


title: Brian Patterson

texts:
 Northwest National in Monroe, Washington on September 16, 1984. It was supposed to be a three month lay up, but <mask> had to race in order to get the requisite number of ABA races he had to race-10-in order to keep the Pontiac Trans Am he won for becoming No.1 pro in 1983.Brother Brent injured his knee at the same race. Racing habits and traits

Miscellaneous
<mask> shares the same birthday and birthyear as fellow racer Mike Poulson: January 4, 1965

Other significant sibling combinations in BMX
Ronnie & Richie Anderson
Mike & Eddy King
Eric & Robby Rupe
Alan & Brian Foster
Gary & Richie Houseman

Post racing career
Like a lot of BMXers, Both <mask> and his brother Brent returned to the Motorcycle Motocross roots. Both of them doing rather well with Brent racing Pro. They also raced occasionally BMX in large races. BMX & general press magazine interviews & articles
"The Other Patterson" Super BMX March 1983 Vol.10 No.3 pg.53
"The Best Pro: <mask>" Bicycles and Dirt May–June 1983 Vol.1 No.9 pg.48
"Brent & <mask>" BMX Action July 1983 Vol.8 No.7 pg.48 Joint interview with his brother Brent. "<mask>" BMX Plus! December 1983 Vol.6 No.11* pg.76
"The Unquestioned Best!"Super BMX March 1984 Vol.11 No.3 pg.73. One of the four ABA No.1 title holders of 1983 profiled. "Flashback" Snap BMX Magazine August 1999 Vol.6 Iss.6 No.34 pg.83 Dual retrospective of the <mask> brothers. *Due to a change in printing companies while being acquired by Daisy/Hi-Torque Publishing Co., Inc., BMX Plus! technically did not publishing a May 1983 issue.

masks:
Brian
Brain Patterson
Brian
Brian Patterson
Brian Patterson
Brian Patterson
Patterson


title: Brian Patterson

texts:
 The very next issue on the newsstands was called the June 1983 issue. BMX magazine covers
Bicycle Motocross News:
None
Minicycle/BMX Action & Super BMX:
March 1983 Vol.10 No.3 main image.In insert celebrities Michael Dudikoff & Kathy Maisaik
March 1984 Vol.11 No.3 main image & in insert with fellow racers Doug Davis, Brett Allen & Cheri Elliott. Super BMX Presents The 1985 World Championship Winter 1985. To Gary Ellis's (47) left in third with Eric Rupe in fourth to Harry Leary's behind/left. Harry Leary (85) is in the rear foreground in second. (SBMX special edition). Bicycle Motocross Action & Go:
August 1983 Vol.8 No.8 in second place behind Harry Leary and ahead of Clint Miller in third. BMX Plus!:
December 1983 Vol.6 No.11* In inset Stu Thomsen, Greg Hill, Nelson Chanady, Tim Judge and others at beginning of national banner presentation at the start of a race. January 1984 Vol.7 No.1 in insert. Mike Dominquez main image; Eric Garcez in second insert. March 1984 Vol.7 No.3 with Clint Miller. September 1984 Vol.7 No.9 with Tim Judge in insert. July 1984 Vol.7 No.7 in third place behind Stu Thomsen & Pete Loncarevich. In insets Mercury Morgan (top "rip"), freestyler Mike Dominguez (circle).*Due to change of ownership, BMX Plus! did not publish a May issue in 1983. Total BMX:
March 1983. In insert Steve Veltman. Bicycles and Dirt:
May–June 1983 Vol.1 No.9 jumping over the hands of <mask> and Richie Anderson. Snap BMX Magazine & Transworld BMX

BMX World:

NBA World & NBmxA World (The official NBA/NBmxA


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
<mask>, Count of Doña Marina (1858–1934) was a Spanish writer, publisher and a Carlist politician. He is known mostly as the manager of two Traditionalist dailies, issued in the 1890s and 1900s in the Vascongadas, and as the author of minor works related to jurisprudence and history. As a politician he briefly headed the Carlist regional party organization in Castile, though he is recognized rather as an architect of political rebranding of Carlism in the late 19th century. Family and youth

The <mask> family counts among the oldest ones in Spain; its first representative, <mask>, was noted in the early 12th century as taking part in Reconquista and serving under <mask>. His descendants formed a much-branched dynasty of military commanders and civil servants, many of them noted in history of the country and some in history of Latin America. One of its lines remained related to South-Eastern Aragón, holding a number of estates in the provinces of Zaragoza and Teruel. Its descendant and <mask>'s grandfather, <mask> (1775-1855), made his name during the Peninsular War, when he rose to a general; dispatched to New Spain and serving as governor of Veracruz, back in Spain he was capitán general de Madrid and stayed loyal to Fernando VII during the First Carlist War.<mask> Sebastián's son and <mask>'s father, <mask> <mask> <mask>-Rubio (1837-1920), inherited some of the Aragón landholdings and entered the emerging bourgeoisie by trying his hand in the insurance business. He made less of a public figure: apart from becoming the royal mayordomo de semana, in the late 1870s he briefly served as a provincial Madrid deputy and an Aragon deputy to the Cortes, in both cases affiliated with the Conservatives. <mask>

masks: Pascual Sebastián de Liñán y Dolz de Espo


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 <mask> married <mask> los Dolores <mask> Cavanilles (died 1897), daughter of an intellectual, politician, deputy and senator of the Isabelline era, <mask> <mask>. The couple lived in their properties in Aragón, Valencia and Madrid. They had 3 children, <mask> born as the older of two sons. <mask> was first educated in Escuelas Pías de San Anton and Instituto de San Isidro in Madrid, curriculum later referred to as "sólida educación cristiana", and excelled in history. In 1875, he was already studying derecho romano, to graduate in derecho y administración in 1879.Shortly afterwards he was appointed abogado fiscal sustituido at the provincial Madrid court and entered the Madrid colegio de abogados, becoming also secretary of Academia de Jurisprudencia y Legislación. In 1880 he married a girl from Andalusia, María Josefa <mask> <mask> (1860-1929), descendant to two aristocratic families. Her great-grandfather along the paternal line, Narciso Heredia <mask> <mask> Ríos, was the moderado prime minister in the late 1830s; her maternal grandfather, <mask> Saavedra, was briefly the prime minister in 1854, but is better known as a romantic poet and dramatist. In 1891 she inherited the title of Countess of Doña Marina. As her husband <mask> <mask> became conde-consorte. Though the couple inherited a number of estates they settled in Madrid. They had one child, Narciso <mask> <mask> <mask>, 3.Count of Doña Marina; he was moderately active as a Carlist and held high posts in the realm of archives and museums during the Republic and early Francoism. Author

Already as a child <mask> demonstrated a knack for letters; his 1871 poem was printed in a religious review. The interest was developed during his teenage

masks:
de Liñán
María de
Eguizábal
José Eugenio
de Eguizábal
José Pascual
José Pascual
de Heredia
y Saavedra
y Begines
de los
Ángel de
José Pascual
de Liñán
José de
Liñán
y Heredia
José


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 exploit author's own family links. The single one which remains a point of reference until today is the work on Aragon heraldic issues.Studies on history of literature also tend to deal with personalities rather than with broad phenomena. Numerous minor works published in popular periodicals and formatted as reviews form part of ongoing critique and are not acknowledged here. Finally, Lo que pide el obrero (1890) was a unique attempt to tackle the social question. Though profoundly religious, he has never published a strictly confessional work; he did not live to complete Iconografía Mariana Española. Throughout all his life Doña Marina contributed to various periodicals, usually providing essays related to history, literature and religion. Except El Correo Español almost all of them are either local or ephemeral publications; he has not published in any of the established reviews. His pen-names identified were "E. Quis", "<mask> Lobera", "Tirso <mask>", "Pedro Pablo <mask>a" and "El Bachiller Zamudio".In the late Restoration he was counted among "publicistas eminentisimos" of Traditionalism. Publisher

Though he started contributing to popular newspapers and periodicals in the late 1870s, Liñán did not commence closer co-operation with any title and did not gain editorial experience prior to 1887; that year he entered editorial board of La Verdad, a local Traditionalist daily issued in Santander. He soon took over editing the newspaper. When at this role he was assaulted on the street and suffered major injuries; perpetrators have never been identified. Editing La Verdad proved to have been just an episode; following political differences with the director in 1887, he resigned few months later.

masks:
Jaime de
de Aragón
de Larre


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts: Because of his Eguizábal ancestors Liñán was related to the Vascongadas and especially to Bilbao, where his maternal great-grandfather came from. Having cultivated the family link in 1888 he was invited to join the editorial board of El Vasco, the Traditionalist daily since 1884 issued in the Biscay capital.Together with Enrique Olea he purchased the newspaper in 1889. Liñán retained political line of the newspaper and engaged in a number of heated political debates. El Vasco represented also a firm regionalist line; since 1890 the daily appeared as El Basco. Periodically Doña Marina ceded editorial duties to Miguel Ortigosa and <mask> Olea. Businesswise the enterprise turned to have been a challenging one; with the number of subscribers at 700-900, El Basco was producing annual deficit of some 10,000 ptas. The uphill struggle continued until 1897, when Doña Marina withdrew from El Basco; afterwards it turned into an anodyne newspaper. The resignation marked abdication on Carlist fuerista line in the province, regretted very much by the claimant himself.After leaving El Basco Doña Marina shifted his attention to San Sebastián, where in 1898 he launched a local daily El Correo de Guipúzcoa. As its director he maintained Traditionalist profile of the paper, in the early 20th century ridiculed by opponents as "fracasado periodiquero" and representative of die-hard despotic Carlism. None of the sources consulted specifies whether Doña Marina was directing both El Basco and El Correo from Madrid or whether he lived in Bilbao and San Sebastián on the on and off basis; in case of the latter, he ceded editorial duties first to Daniel Aizpurúa and later to Román <mask>n. Like in Biscay, also in Gipuzkoa the

masks:
Enrique de
Oyarzu


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 editorial enterprise did not last longer than a decade; at unspecified time Doña Marina withdrew, and El Correo disappeared in the early-1910s. Most authors do not associate him with any other periodical; one scholar, however, claims that in the late 1910s Doña Marina one way or another controlled a Toledo daily El Porvenir, a very ephemeral episode marked by attempt to champion a Mellista line. Carlist: early career

There were many political antecedents among Liñán's ancestors, most related to conservative realm of the Isabelline era. He seemed poised to pursue career in mainstream politics as well, but things turned out differently.The person who exercised most influence on <mask> was his maternal grandfather <mask> <mask>, who by the end of his life joined the Neo-Catholics and together with them neared the Carlists. Eguizábal managed to shape political outlook of the adolescent Liñán; it was furtherly reinforced by the latter's maternal uncle, <mask>, who served as secretary to the legitimist claimant Carlos VII during the Third Carlist War. Moreover, during his academic period <mask> joined the entourage of Ramón Nocedal, in 1877 growing to vice-president of Juventud Católica of Madrid. As a result, he embraced Traditionalism in the most unusual period: in the aftermath of the war which produced military defeat and profound crisis of Carlism, the time marked by defections rather than by new adhesions. <mask>'s 1879 edition of his grandfather's works was already a public declaration of Traditionalism. During most of the 1880s Liñán was moderately active within Traditionalist realm and complied with its Nocedalista format, known as Integrism: in terms of organization contributing to various

masks:
José
José Eugenio
de Eguizábal
José Cavanilles
Liñán
Liñán


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts: periodicals, giving lectures and taking part in pilgrimages rather than building party structures, in terms of theory focusing on religious fundamentalism rather than on dynastical threads. When in 1887 he assumed duties in the Nocedalista-controlled La Verdad it seemed that in a maturing internal party conflict between the intransigent Integros and the more flexible aperturistas he was firmly among the former.Indeed, La Verdad joined bitter guerra periodistica, fiercely confronting anti-Nocedalista publications. However, when in 1888 the discord erupted into an open confrontation, <mask> did not join the breakaway Integrists and opted for loyalty to the claimant Don Carlos. His motives are not entirely clear; possibly an acute and largely personal conflict with the key Biscay Integrist <mask> Acillona <mask>y determined his choice. For the Integros <mask> was a traitor, and previously flattering references in their daily El Siglo Futuro gave way to venomous ridicule; on the other hand, Carlos VII did not hesitate to express his appreciation. At the turn of the decades <mask> got engaged in emerging formal party structures in Vascongadas, by the token of his Bilbao press engagements entering the Biscay Junta Provincial. He is noted as the most outspoken advocate of an autonomous Vascongadas organization, protesting as anti-foral the drafts which would submit local executive to the central Carlist Madrid junta; he also demanded that provincial juntas are built bottom-up, not by appointments. His endeavors were partially successful, at least in terms of preserving integrity and autonomy of the Vasco-Navarrese structures, built in the early 1890s; however, among Carlist leaders <mask> was rather isolated

masks:
Liñán
José de
y Gara
Liñán
Liñán
Liñán


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 and depending on financial party support for his daily El Basco, he could have not afforded inflexible stand.One scholar names him the last advocate of firmly regionalist focus of the Basque Carlism. Carlist: support from the back seat

In the early 1890s Carlism assumed a politically active format and the party decided to join electoral campaigns for the first time since the 1860s. <mask>, already conde de Doña Marina, is not listed as taking part. Due to family ties related to Aragón, because of his editorial duties active in the Vascongadas realm and residing permanently in Madrid, he is not mentioned as standing for the Cortes in any of those areas. At unspecified time having left the provincial Biscay executive, Doña Marina was also on the sidelines of the party organization; he did not hold any position within the Carlist structures, be it on the provincial (Madrid), regional (Castile) or national level. He did not appear on public party gatherings, clearly preferring inner-circle meetings and the role of an intellectual. His position was about mobilizing support for the cause.On the national scene he emerged as a theorist, author of erudite works which advanced Traditionalist outlook; La Jura de los Fueros (1889), La política del rey (1891), La Unidad constitucional y los Fueros (1895) and La Soberanía del Papa (1898). In Vascongadas as manager of El Correo de Guipúzcoa he advocated intransigent Catholicism and regional establishments. Already in the mid-1890s Doña Marina forged close relationship with the new party political leader and chief architect of the activist strategy, marqués de Cerralbo. Both shared not only the Madrid residence but also aristocratic standing, interest in history and


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 archeology, penchant for letters, passion for collecting art and generally a refined intellectual format. More importantly, they shared the vision of Carlism as a "party of order". Doña Marina was among chief exponents of the new slogan, "carlismo es una esperanza, no un temor", intended to change popular perception of the movement from a bunch of fanatic troublemakers to a respected established party. His booklet designed to demonstrate the thesis got internal awards of the Madrid Círculo.He was also active in anti-duel campaign, a rather unusual stand for member of the group typically perceived as backwater trigger-happy rednecks. In 1898 Doña Marina for the first time decided to compete for the Cortes; he resolved to bank on position of his family in the Teruel province, running on the Carlist ticket in two districts of Alcañiz and Valderrobres at the same time. Though in the latter he managed to build a minor coalition involving the Conservatives and even the Republicans, he lost in both constituencies. He resumed the bid from Alcañiz in 1903, again to no avail. In Gipuzkoa he restrained himself to providing propaganda support for other Carlist contenders, e.g. when fighting the Integrists and their allies from Liga Foral Autonomista. Though after 1900 <mask> was forced to step down as political leader, Doña Marina remained loyal to the claimant and in 1905 was even lambasted by opponents as representative of "cesarismo carlista".Carlist: political climax

Following almost 3 decades of rather modest activity within party ranks, the 1910s marked the most intense period in Doña Marina's political career. Apart from continuous work of propagandist and theorist, which earned him opinion of key writer


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts: for the cause, he became a regular contender in electoral campaigns to the Cortes. He was announced in the press as running in 1910 from Alcañiz, in 1914 from Daroca, in 1916 from Daroca (he eventually withdrew), and in 1918 again from Daroca. Though none of the above bids proved successful, he gradually emerged as forming the front line of party militants on the national scene. Doña Marina started to assume major positions in the party structures. Within the regional Castilian organization, at that time led by <mask> <mask>no, he grew to second vice-president in 1910 and at times used to replace <mask>no during his absence. In the mid-1910s assuming also jefatura of the Madrid junta provincial, in 1913 he became the first vice-president in the region of Castilla la Nueva.Finally, in early 1918 he was nominated jefe regional of New Castile. In the 1910s Carlism was increasingly plagued by a conflict between the new claimant Don Jaime and the key party theorist Juan Vázquez <mask>, who pursued his vision of a broader ultra-conservative coalition and enjoyed cautious support of <mask>. Doña Marina, impressed by <mask>la since the 1890s, tended to side with latter. Already in 1911 he questioned rigid political line of the then party leader Bartolomé Feliú and advocated a possibilist strategy, suggesting that Carlist leaders assume command of Catholic opposition "sin las estrecheces de miras y criterios de Feliú". Once in 1913 his friend regained the party leadership Doña Marina became one of his closest aides, considered "semisecretario de Cerralbo" and counted among „promellistas más relevantes”. Events of the Great War played into the hands of <mask> and his supporters, as the claimant Don Jaime was

masks:
Conde
Rodez
Rodez
de Mella
de Cerralbo
de Mel
de Mella


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 left non-contactable in his house arrest in Austria. Doña Marina attempted to execute the ultraconservative coalition strategy in Aragón.As the conflict translated also into debate on international affairs, he used his skills to counter the aliadófilo propaganda, launched by supporters of Don Jaime. Falling short of pursuing a pro-German line Doña Marina campaigned for neutrality, especially as in 1917-1918 the odds were turning against the Central Powers and the Spanish government was tempted to declare war on Berlin. Though in 1918 he signed a venerating homage to Don Jaime, at that time he already eschewed the claimant, in a private letter noting that he "no profesa nuestro Credo, ni cumple nuestros mandamientos, ni reza nuestras oraciones, ni recibe nuestros sacramentos". When in early 1919 Don Jaime made it to Paris, the conflict with the Mellistas flared up; following brief showdown the claimant regained control of the party. De Mella and his supporters left; Doña Marina counted among their key names. Retiree

The Mellista political project was bogged by internal controversy; while <mask> opted for a close ultra-conservative alliance, Víctor <mask>ra advocated a loose minimalist coalition based on the lowest common denominator. Doña Marina tended to side with the latter, though as usual he preferred to stay in the back row and is not listed among key protagonists of the disputes, taking place in the disintegrating Mellista camp at the turn of the decades.The 1923 advent of the Primo <mask> dictatorship brought national political life to a standstill and marked an attempt to build a new system. <mask> joined the project; by a contemporary scholar Doña Marina is counted among "mellistas

masks:
de Mella
Prade
de Rivera
Pradera


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 praderistas". There is no confirmation of him joining the primoderiverista structures, though he lent the regime his cautious support when contributing various newspaper pieces. The process climaxed in 1928; Doña Marina publicly acknowledged Alfonso XIII as a legitimate king, arguing that pledges embracing Catholic principles rendered him fit for rule also from the Traditionalist perspective. Confronting rising republican tide of the Dictablanda he limited himself to praising patriotic and monarchical values. In 1931 he organized a mass honoring the defunct Don Jaime. One author claims that in 1932 he joined the re-united Comunión Tradicionalista.If so he would have been among the oldest party patriarchs, but an official 1933 publication issued to commemorate the centenary of Carlism did not mention his name. Since 1911 Doña Marina was involved in Sociedad Nacional de Credito, an enterprise founded by <mask>, the banker and father of his daughter-in-law. Upon foundation of the company he became member of SNC's concejo de administración, his name and title featuring prominently in press adverts. In the late 1910s he grew to presidency of the company, which became fairly successful on the Spanish credit market; he remained at its helm until the early 1930s. A member of numerous scientific institutions related to history and archeology, occasionally he was referred to as "academico" and "catedrático", though despite a number of attempts to land a university job in 1886-1912 no source confirms he has ever assumed academic teaching duties. <mask>mo
 El Correo <mask>
 Pascual Liñán

Footnotes

Further reading

 Juan Ramón <mask> Martín, El cisma mellista. Historia de una ambición política, Madrid 2000,

masks:
José Larracea
Liñánlis
de Guipcoa
de Andrés


title: José Pascual de Liñán y Eguizábal

texts:
 Agustín <mask>dero, El marqués de Cerralbo (1845-1922): biografía politica [PhD thesis Universidad Complutense], Madrid 2012
 <mask> Liñan Equizabal, Algunas notas para la biografía de D. <mask> <mask>, [in:] <mask> <mask> (ed. ), Apuntes para una historia de la legislacion española sobre imprenta desde el año de 1480 al presente, Madrid 1879, pp. V-XXXII
 Javier Real Cuesta, El Carlismo Vasco 1876–1900, Madrid 1985,

External links

 Linan family history explained
 <mask> <mask> at Gran Enciclopedia Aragonesa online
 <mask> <mask> in Basque encyclopaedia
 <mask> <mask> at Geneallnet service
 <mask> <mask> at Geneanet service
 <mask> <mask> books on Abebooks

Carlists
Counts of Spain
Spanish monarchists
Spanish Roman Catholics
Spanish anti-communists
Spanish landowners
Spanish historians
Spanish lawyers
Spanish poets
Spanish politicians
Spanish publishers (people)
1858 births
1934

masks:
Fernández Escu
José de
José Eugenio
de Eguizabal
José Eugenio
de Eugizábal
Liñán
Eguizábal
Liñán
Eguizábal
Liñán
Eguizábal
Liñán
Eguizábal
Liñán
Eguizábal


title: Manuel Neira

texts:
<mask> (born 12 October 1977) is a retired Chilean football player who played as a striker. He played for clubs including Colo-Colo (Chile), UD Las Palmas (Spain), Racing Club (Argentina) and Unión Española (Chile), and scored 2 goals in 13 internationals, including selections for the 1998 FIFA World Cup and the 2001 Copa América. Club career

Early career
<mask> began his career, aged seventeen, at Primera División Chilena club Colo-Colo before moving to the Brazilian club São Paulo FC in 1994, after a notable performance at the 1993 FIFA U-17 World Championships. In the next season, <mask> return to Colo-Colo, but in 1996 <mask> was loaned to Everton de Viña del Mar of the Primera B in this time. From 1997 to 1998, <mask> was consolidated as player in Colo-Colo, winning the Primera División Chilena title in two consecutive occasions, the 1997 and 1998 season. In December 1998, Colo-Colo sold <mask> to the Spanish club UD Las Palmas. However, he was loaned back to Colo-Colo for one season.When <mask> returned to the club, he proclaimed champion of the 1999–2000 Segunda División title. <mask> was transferred to an Argentine "giant club" Racing Club de Avellaneda for the 2000–01 season. In the Torneo Apertura 2000, <mask> only scored 2 goals in 9 games. During the summer of 2001, <mask> was transferred to Unión Española,  where he made a notable performance scoring 11 goals in 17 games, being one of the top-scorer of the Torneo Apertura. In June 2001, <mask> was signed by the Colombian club América de Cali. Colo-Colo
In January 2002, <mask> was once again  transferred to Colo-Colo. He obtained the runner–up title with the club in the Torneo Apertura, after Colo–Colo's 3–0 defeat against

masks:
Manuel Alejandro Neira Díaz
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira
Neira


title: Manuel Neira

texts:
 Cobreloa in the final.But in the Torneo Clausura of the same year, <mask> made one of his most notable season in his career, winning the top–scorer title with 14 goals, and also winning the Primera Division title, after of win to Universidad Católica in the finals. In the next season, the team lost twice in the same year the final against Cobreloa. However, <mask> scored 21 goals in 42 matches over the season. There were many rumors that he would be transferred to Europe, which did not materialize. He played the Torneo Apertura 2004 scoring 1 goal in 16 matches. In June 2004, he was transferred to the Mexican club Chiapas. He remained there for one season in and then  was transferred to Unión Española for second time in his career.Unión Española
With Unión, <mask> won the Torneo Apertura 2005 title, after of the victory against Coquimbo Unido for 2–1. In the next season (2006), <mask> scored 19 goals in 29 matches. In December 2006, he was released of Unión and he received many offers for several clubs. In January 2007, he agreed upon moving to Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. on a one-year deal with the club until December 2007, refusing an offer from Colo-Colo in this time. In his second game for the team, in the Channel One Cup, he was injured severely by CSKA Moscow player Elvir Rahimić. <mask> suffered two fractures in his ankle, and had to sit out for the rest of the season before he even played a single league game for Hapoel.For the Torneo Clausura 2007, <mask> return to Unión, after of <mask> was released of the club. He made his Unión re–debut against Everton at Sausalito Stadium, in a 0–0 draw. He scored his first goal in his third cycle in the club against his former club Colo–Colo, in a 2–2

masks: Neira Neira Neira Neira Neira Neira Neira


title: Manuel Neira

texts:
 draw. Finally, <mask> scored 9 goals in 19 matches for the tournament. In December 2007, he tried his luck at the Turkcell Super League club Gaziantepspor, <mask> only trained with them for a couple of weeks, but  was not liked by the coach, and returned to Unión Española. During  2008, in the Torneo Apertura 2008, he scored 3 goals in 12 matches. In the Torneo de Clausura 2008 he became a key player of the club, scoring 6 goals in 15 matches.However, the club ended up in the relegation/promotion play-offs. <mask> helped the team by scoring 2 goals in 2 matches against Deportes Puerto Montt to save them from relegation. International career
The first international appearance with Chile national football team was in the FIFA U-17 World Championship 1993 celebrated in Japan. In this tournament he was one of top–scorers of the tournament with Peter Anosike and Nwankwo Kanu with 5 goals under Wilson Oruma with 6 goals winning the third place of the tournament. He participate in the Chile national under-20 football team, he played in the South American Youth Championship in the years 1995 and 1997. He was selected for the 1998 FIFA World Cup Chilean squad, but did not play. Prior to this, he played for Chile B against England B on February 10, 1998.Chile won by 2-1 and <mask> scored the two goals. International goals
Scores and results list Chile's goal tally first. Honours

Club
Colo-Colo
 Primera División de Chile (3): 1997 Clausura, 1998, 2002 Clausura

Unión Española
 Primera División de Chile (1): 2005 Apertura

Individual
 Primera División de Chile Top-scorer (1): 2002 Clausura

References

1977 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Santiago
Chilean footballers
Chilean expatriate

masks: Neira Neira Neira Neira


title: Irena Turkevycz-Martynec

texts:
<mask> (1899-1983) was born in Brody, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and came to Canada, to Winnipeg, in 1949. She was a Prima donna in the Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet, and performed in Paris, Vienna, Berlin, Prague, and many other European cities during her long and storied career. Early life

<mask> was born on December 25, 1899 in Brody, in today's Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. She was the third child in the family of priest, choir conductor, catechist, and music critic Ivan Turkevycz (Туркевич). Her mother was Sofia Kormoshiv (Кормошів). When <mask> was six, her father was appointed catechist of the Teaching Seminary in Zalishchyky (Заліщики), where he was provided with a separate house located near the Dniester river. He became the soul of the musical life of the city, often involving his wife Sophia, a musically gifted pianist, and his children.<mask> received her first music lessons from her mother, and later a professional music teacher appeared in their house. From a very young age <mask> acquired musical and artistic skills and participated in Shevchenko concerts. In 1911, her father was appointed catechist of the 2nd Ukrainian Gymnasium in Lviv, and the family moved there to a permanent residence. Here <mask> enrolled as a pupil in the gymnasium of the Basilian Sisters, where besides school, she took piano lessons, and Stanyslav Lyudkevych (Станіслав Людкевич) taught her music theory. Before the start of the First World War the family left for Vienna, where they stayed until 1916. There, at the Church of St. Barbara her father directed the choir, which at that time was one of the largest and best Ukrainian church choirs in Europe. Upon returning to Lviv, <mask> continued her studies with the Basilian

masks:
Irena Turkevycz Martynec
Irena Turkevycz
Irena
Irena
Irena
Irena
Irena


title: Irena Turkevycz-Martynec

texts:
 Sisters.Studies
<mask> became a student in the Faculty of Law at the University of Lviv. When she began her studies in music, it was at the Lviv Conservatory, a state conservatory, with Professor Flem-Plomensky (Флям-Пломенський) and with Professor Zaremba (Заремба). She graduated from drama school in Lviv studying with Professor Kozlovsky (Козловський), and with Professor Kryzhanivsky (Крижанівський, Богдан Володимирович). Her concert activity began in 1923 as a soloist with the Lviv choir "Bandurist" (Бандурист). On the opera stage, she first performed as Mařenka in Bedřich Smetana’s The Bartered Bride. This opera was staged at the "Ukrainian Discourse Theatre" (Театр Української Бесіди) by Yosyp Stadnyk (Стадник, Йосип Дмитрович) on the occasion of the centenary of the composer's birthday. On June 21, 1929, on the stage of the Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet, a performance of the opera Fidelio by Ludwig van Beethoven was given.Senior students of the Lviv Conservatory under the direction of their teacher Adam Soltys participated. Among these performers was <mask>. In a review in the newspaper "Dilo" (Діло), June 22, 1929, she was singled out for praise. She also showed promise as a dramatic actress. She tried directing. Writer Zinovy Knysh writes in his memoirs about the musical life of Lviv, and that in 1929 <mask> organized a theatrical group in her father's house and put on plays: "The Sin" by Volodymyr Vynnychenko, and "The Fires Of St. John" by Hermann Sudermann. In the spring of 1930, her first solo concert was held, at which Irena performed arias, of Gorislava from the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila by Mikhail Glinka, of Cio-Cio-san from Madama Butterfly by Giacomo Puccini, several romances, and Ukrainian folk songs.In

masks: Irena Irena Irena