texts:
 October 1782, that of the fireship , but he was promoted to post-captain three days later and appointed to the 22-gun storeship and former Spanish privateer . He remained with her during the last engagement between Hughes and de Suffren, the Battle of Cuddalore on 20 June 1783, after which he was transferred to the 64-gun  for his return to England. Years of peace
Without active employment following the Peace of Paris and the end of the American War of Independence, <mask> spent several years in study, residing in France for a two-year period in order to refine his language skills. The Nootka Crisis in June 1790 led to <mask>'s return to service in command of the 32-gun frigate . He continued in her for the next few years, and by April 1791 he was occupied in surveying the Great Belt, and the approaches into Copenhagen. He spent the remainder of the peace serving at Halifax and Jamaica, returning to England in June 1793 after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars. French Revolutionary Wars
He was appointed to the 36-gun  in March 1794 and went on to serve as part of Sir John Borlase Warren's squadron.He was present at the action of 23 April 1794 off Guernsey, where Warren's four frigates fought an engagement with three French frigates and a corvette, capturing two frigates and the corvette. He was still in command a year later when he and the Nymphe were engaged in Lord Bridport's victory at the Battle of Groix on 23 June 1795. He took advantage of a brief period of shore leave after this to marry Ann Teesdale on 15 September 1795, but was back at sea two weeks later, in command of the 90-gun . Jervis and Cape St Vincent

<mask>'s next assignment was to take command of the 74-gun  in 1796. He sailed to join Sir John Jervis's fleet and took up station commanding the inshore squadron blockading Cadiz. While there the Spanish admiral of the port invited <mask> to attend a bullfight, offering his nephew as a temporary guarantee of <mask>'s safety. <mask> saw action at the Battle of Cape

masks: Murray Murray Murray Murray Murray Murray


title: George Murray (Royal Navy officer, born 1759)

type: original

texts:
 St Vincent on 14 February 1797, where he and Colossus formed up near the centre of the British line.As the British ships broke through the Spanish line and tacked around to engage their van, Spanish Vice-Admiral Joaquin Moreno in the rear saw an opportunity to exploit a weakness in the British formation. Pulling forward in his flagship Principe de Asturias he came across the bows of the British line, cutting between , which had already tacked, and HMS Colossus, which was just preparing to. He then fired a broadside at the vulnerable bows of Colossus, damaging her main foreyard and causing her to miss stays. She began to drift out of the line while <mask> and his crew struggled to regain manoeuvrability. Seeing her predicament, Orion dropped back to cover Colossus with a broadside. Despite this setback Colossus only sustained five wounded during the course of the battle, which ended in a British victory. Loss of the Colossus
<mask> continued to serve with Jervis until he was despatched to join Horatio Nelson in the Mediterranean.He rendezvoused with him at Naples, but the Colossus was by now so worn out that Nelson sent <mask> back to Britain as a convoy escort, and carrying a cargo of artefacts from Sir William Hamilton's collection. The Colossus reached the Channel safely but a north-east gale blew up, forcing <mask> to seek shelter in the waters off the Isles of Scilly. He initially anchored in St Marys Roads but the storm worsened and her anchors dragged, and on 7 December 1798 she ran onto a ledge of rocks and was wrecked. There was one casualty in the sinking, and many of Sir William Hamilton's treasures in his collection were lost with her. A court-martial was convened, at which <mask> was honourably acquitted of blame and assigned to command the 84-gun  with the Channel Fleet. In March 1801 he was moved to the 74-gun  and assigned to Sir Hyde Parker's Baltic expedition, where it was anticipated that his previous experience in the Baltic would be an asset. Nelson and

masks: Murray Murray Murray Murray Murray


texts:
 Copenhagen

Detached with Nelson's expeditionary squadron for the expeditionary assault on Copenhagen on 2 April, <mask> was given the task of leading the British force into the harbour, using channels he had helped to chart a decade earlier.She eventually passed by four Danish ships, taking fire from each one, before anchoring opposite the Jylland, which she engaged for the next four hours of the battle. By the time the truce was concluded, the Edgar had taken casualties of 31 killed and 104 wounded. During the peace negotiations with the Danish, and the subsequent foray to watch the Swedish forces at Karlskrona, <mask> developed a strong rapport with Nelson, who had replaced Parker after the latter's recall to Britain. Captain of the fleet
With the resumption of hostilities after the Peace of Amiens, <mask> returned to sea in command of the 74-gun , but word soon reached him that Nelson had requested him to be his captain of the fleet in the Mediterranean. <mask> was initially reluctant to accept the offer, and on being asked why, replied that the nature of the service was such, as very frequently terminated in disagreement between the admiral and the captain; and he should be extremely unwilling to hazard any possible thing that should diminish the regard and respect which he should ever entertain for his lordship. Nelson's response was to express agreement with <mask> that such situations could occur, but reminded him that on whatever he [<mask>] might be called, or whatever measure he might be directed to carry into execution, he never should forget the intimacy which subsisted between them; and even, should anything go contrary to his wishes, he would wave the rank of admiral, and explain, or expostulate with him, as his friend, <mask>. <mask> then accepted the post, and remained with Nelson as his captain of the fleet during the blockade of Toulon between 1803 and 1805, and the subsequent chase of Villeneuve and his fleet to the West Indies and back in 1805.He had been promoted to

masks: Murray Murray Murray Murray Murray Murray Murray Murray


texts:
 rear-admiral on 23 April 1804, but declined to raise his flag so as to be able to continue on with Nelson. The fleet returned to England in August 1805, where <mask> learnt that his father-in-law had died, leaving him as executor of his estates. While Nelson sailed to take up command of the fleet blockading Cadiz, <mask> was compelled to remain in England and attend to family affairs. Nelson did not therefore have a captain of the fleet at Trafalgar, for as one biographer stated "none but <mask> would do". Later service

<mask>'s last operational command was in November 1806, when he was assigned as commander-in-chief of the naval forces involved in the operations to capture Buenos Aires, supporting General John Whitelocke's soldiers. <mask> and the naval forces were for the most part limited to conveying troops, and subsequently organising their evacuation. He returned home in January 1808, and was promoted to vice-admiral on 25 October 1809.A nomination to be a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath followed on 2 January 1815 and later the same year he was elected Mayor of Chichester. He died suddenly at his home in Chichester on 28 February 1819. His obituary reported that he had gone to bed "in good health, and was seized by a spasmodic affectation in his chest, which terminated his existence at 8 o'clock". The Naval Chronicle declared that Admiral <mask>'s disposition is so gentle, and his manners are so mild, that but few men are equally well beloved in the navy; while few possess the facility of commanding with such ease, and, at the same time, with such energy and effect. His wife Ann outlived him by a considerable number of years. She died in Boulogne in 1859, at the age of 95. Notes

References

1759 births
1819 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Royal Navy officers who were


title: Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis

texts:
<mask>, Prince of Thurn and Taxis (full German name: <mask>n und Taxis; 27 May 1843 – 10 March 1879), was the third child of Maximilian Karl, 6th Prince of Thurn and Taxis and his second wife Princess Mathilde Sophie of Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg. He was buried in Cannes, at the Cimetière du Grand Jas, Allée du Silence no. 33 under the name of <mask>. Friendship with Ludwig II of Bavaria
At the request of his father to King Maximilian II of Bavaria, he was appointed on 15 November 1861 as junior lieutenant in the 2nd Bavarian artillery regiment (military registry no. KA OP 69 547) and was assigned as orderly officer of then Crown <mask>  on 1 May 1863. Ludwig and <mask> became close friends after spending three weeks together in Berchtesgaden in September 1863. After Ludwig's accession to the throne in 1864, <mask> was promoted to personal aide-de-camp of the king on 18 January 1865.In the following two years, <mask> Thurn und Taxis, who matched the king in his good looks,  became the closest friend and confidant of the monarch. Although this infatuation, like that with Richard Wagner, was probably not sexually expressed, there were rumours in Munich that Ludwig was sexually intimate with his aide-de-camp. <mask> appears to have kept a diary, but like everything else concerning him in the Regensburg archives of the Thurn und Taxis family, it has been destroyed. Following letter was sent by <mask> to Ludwig from his apartment at Türkenstrasse 82 in Munich on 5 May 1866:

Dear and Beloved Ludwig! I am just finishing my diary with the thought of the beautiful hours which we spent together that evening a week ago which made me the happiest man on earth… Oh, Ludwig, Ludwig, I am consecrated to you! I couldn’t stand the people around me; I sat still and, in my thought I was with you ... How my heart beats when, at the

masks:
Paul Maximilian Lamoral
Paul Maximilian Lamoral Frsthur
Paul de Fels
Prince Ludwig
Paul
Paul
Paul von
Paul
Paul


title: Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis

texts:
 Residenz, I see a light in your window. <mask> and Ludwig shared their passion for Richard Wagner and the theatre.He was gifted with a beautiful voice and sang before the King several times. Wagner rehearsed with <mask> a part of the opera Lohengrin which was performed at the occasion of the 20th birthday of the king on 25 August 1865 at the Alpsee in Hohenschwangau. It was magnificently staged with <mask> - dressed as Lohengrin wearing a silver shining armor - drawn over the lake by an artificial swan and the whole scenery was illuminated by electric light. After Richard Wagner was forced to leave Munich on 10 December 1865, Prince <mask> of Taxis served as a discreet messenger and intermediary between Ludwig and Wagner. Ludwig apparently also toyed with the idea of abdicating in order to follow his hero into exile, but Wagner with the assistance of Taxis dissuaded him from doing so, while both of them stayed incognito at Wagner's Villa in Tribschen in May 1866. Using the alias Friedrich Melloc, <mask> travelled again to Tribschen on 6 August 1866, this time, however without Ludwig, obviously to convince Wagner to return to Munich. <mask>'s following letter to Ludwig is dated 7 August 1866:

I have just left the intimate circle of the Dear Friends (i.e.Richard & Cosima Wagner) and have retired to the cosy little room which we shared when we were here together… Beautiful memory!...He and Frau Vorstal (i.e. Richard & Cosima Wagner) send their deepest greetings. May God protect you and keep you on the Throne. This is their wish and my own, because only then can we achieve our high ideal. The results of my mission are best given verbally, and I believe that you will approve of them….But now good night, in my thoughts I salute you a thousand times. Your sincere and faithful Friedrich. But soon the relationship between <mask> and Ludwig

masks: Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul


title: Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis

texts:
 soured.Jealous tongues attempted to discredit <mask>, and evil and untrue rumours reached Ludwig's ears that <mask> lived a frivolous life. Having little malice in his own nature, Ludwig could never get used to it in others and at first he probably took the rumours about <mask> at face value. Although Ludwig's feelings for his friend grew deeper and developed into great love, the friendship was so precariously balanced that the slightest tremor of reality threatened to send it plummeting to oblivion. <mask> again “faltered” making a wrong choice, saying the wrong word, displaying too much familiarity on one occasion and not enough affection on another. Trivial in themselves, such incidents preyed upon Ludwig's mind until they became unbearable. Once and for all, he cut <mask> out of his life. Apparently the final indiscretion was so trivial that even <mask> himself was unaware of it.When he learned of his fall from grace, he sent some agonized letters to the King, but there was to be no response from Ludwig. <mask>'s letter to Ludwig is undated, but must have been written somewhere about the middle of December 1866:

My own beloved Ludwig! What in the name of all the Saints has your Friedrich done to you? What did he say that no hand, no good night, no Auf Wiedersehen favoured him? How I feel I cannot say, my trembling hand may show you my inner disquiet. I did not intend to hurt you. Forgive me; be good again with me, I fear the worst - I cannot stand this.May my notes climb to you reconcilingly. Amen! Forgive your unhappy Friedrich. Marriage, estrangement and death

On 7 November 1866, <mask> is released from his duties as aide-de-camp and transferred to an artillery regiment "under gracious recognition of his services". From midst November 1866, he started to drink without limits and in a state of turmoil and distress ended up with

masks: Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul Paul


title: Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis

texts: the Jewish soubrette Elise Kreuzer of the Actien-Volkstheater. After their final break up <mask> would never see Ludwig again. In January 1867, <mask> retired from the Bavarian army under peculiar circumstances, which were later termed as "desertion" by Minister of War Siegmund von Pranckh in 1872.Using the alias "Rudolphi", <mask> moved to Wankdorf near Bern, Switzerland, together with Elise where their son Heinrich, named after Elise's father Heinrich Kreuzer, a known opera singer, was born on 30 January 1867. After <mask> received notice that his parents had tasked the Bavarian police to trace their son in order to convince him to abandon Elise, they moved to Mannheim or Ludwigshafen in August 1867. In October 1867, <mask> took up an engagement at the municipal theatre of Aachen under the name “Herr von Thurn” together with Elise. 1867 was a very challenging year for the Thurn and Taxis family. <mask>'s sister Amalie died on 12 February 1867 at the age of 22 and his half-brother, Maximilian Anton Lamoral, the Hereditary Prince of Thurn and Taxis, died on 26 June 1867 at the age of 36. With the annexation of the Free City of Frankfurt am Main - where the Thurn-und-Taxis-Post had its headquarters -  by the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866 during the Austro-Prussian war, the era of the Thurn and Taxis family's postal monopoly ended on 1 July 1867 with the handover to Prussia. In 1868, Prince <mask> Thurn und Taxis was forced by his family to marry Elise morganatically, and thereafter was disowned by them, stripped of all his titles, rank and birthrights against an annual pension of 6000 florin.<mask> kept writing to Ludwig but without any reply. In the end he begged the King to give him a title. On 19 June 1868 Ludwig inscribed him upon the list of the nobility of Bavaria as Herr <mask> Fels. However, his later petition for conferment of

masks:
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul von
Paul
Paul von


title: Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis

texts:
 hereditary nobility was declined on 10 December 1869 at the request of the Bavarian Ministry. <mask> tried to reconnect with Richard Wagner as a diary entry of Cosima Wagner on 11 April 1869 shows:"...Hans reporting nothing but bad things from Munich; on top of that a letter from <mask> of Fels (formerly <mask>is), who wants an appointment of some kind, and, in order to secure it, tells us a lot of gossip! At three o’clock a boat trip with the three little ones and R."

<mask> started a new attempt to reconcile with his father and visited him together with Elise on 3 August 1869 in Schloss Donaustauf, obviously to no avail. <mask> then became an actor at the Zurich theatre in Switzerland, but ended his acting career after being hissed off the stage.After his father died on 10 November 1871, his sister-in-law, Helene of Thurn and Taxis, became the unofficial head of the family until her son, Maximilian Maria, the Hereditary Prince, became of age on 24 June 1883. Known for her diplomatic skills, she tried to reconnect <mask> to King Ludwig II  and, according to newspaper reports of 1874, <mask> was to regain his family name and become the Marshall of the Royal Palace Herrenchiemsee and Master of the Revels to King Ludwig II. However, this was not realized for unknown reasons. From 1874 to 1878, Elise was the prima donna at the municipal theatre of Freiburg im Breisgau. According to Baring-Gould she "exacted from her husband that, whenever she acted, he should throw a bouqet on to the stage at her feet, and get his friends to do the same". Shortly after, <mask> came down with tuberculosis and went with his wife to Lugano, where he grew worse. Elise formed a liaison with a Prussian officer, staying at the same hotel, and eloped with him, "leaving her husband, who had given up so much for her, to die unbefriended" on 10 March 1879 in

masks:
Paul
Paul
Prince Tax
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul
Paul


title: Prince Paul of Thurn and Taxis

texts:
 Cannes.In 1879, <mask>'s widow, under the name of Frau Elisabeth von Fels, joined the Municipal Theatre in Lübeck together with Arno Cabisius, whom she married in 1881. In 1891, Cabisius became the Director of the Magdeburg Municipal Theatre which he led until his death on 6 March 1907. Elisabeth Cabisius-Kreuzer took over the directorship to complete her husband's contract until the end of the season 1907/08. <mask>'s son Heinrich von Fels studied agriculture in Munich-Weihenstephan, married a certain Maria von Scarparetti in 1897, and in 1898 bought the castle of Teisbach, north of Munich. He retired in to the manor of Huntlosen, Großenkneten, in the district of Oldenburg, Germany, where he died in 1955. Trivia
 In the TV series Wagner (1983) with Richard Burton as Richard Wagner and Vanessa Redgrave as Cosima Wagner, <mask> of Thurn and Taxis (played by Arthur Denberg) appears performing as Lohengrin on the Alpsee and at the occasion of his visit to Tribschen together with King Ludwig II in May 1866. Prince <mask> is featured as lover of King Ludwig II in the three-volume manga series Ludwig II (Ruutovihi II sei)  by the artist You Higuri, published by Kadokawa Shoten.Prince <mask> (Hermann Pröll) makes a brief appearance in the film Ludwig - Requiem für einen jungfräulichen König, from 1972. Ancestry

See also
 Austro-Prussian War
 Baron Karl Ludwig von der Pfordten
 Berg Castle
 Cosima Wagner
 Duchess Sophie Charlotte in Bavaria
 Edgar Hanfstaengl
 Ludwig II of Bavaria
 Prince Chlodwig of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
 Richard Wagner
 Roseninsel

Citations

{Sylvia Alphéus, Lothar Jegensdorf: Fürst <mask> von Thurn und Taxis. Ein eigensinniges Leben. München 2017, p. 109–126.} External links

1843 births
1879 deaths
German Roman Catholics
Military personnel of Bavaria
People from Regensburg
Princes of Thurn und Taxis
Burials at the

masks:
Paul
Paul
Prince Paul
Paul Taxis
Paul
Paul


title: Mike Matheny

texts: <mask> (born September 22, 1970) is an American former professional baseball player and current manager of the Kansas City Royals of Major League Baseball (MLB). He played in MLB for 13 seasons as a catcher for the Milwaukee Brewers, Toronto Blue Jays, St. Louis Cardinals, and San Francisco Giants. Matheny later spent seven seasons as the manager of the Cardinals. One of the most accomplished defensive players of his era, he won four Rawlings Gold Glove Awards. As manager, Matheny's teams won one National League (NL) pennant and three NL Central division titles. From Reynoldsburg, Ohio, Matheny was selected by the Brewers in the eighth round of the 1991 MLB draft from the University of Michigan (UM). He made his MLB debut as a member of the Milwaukee Brewers on April 7, 1994.Matheny established major league records among catchers for consecutive games played without committing an error (252), and consecutive chances fielded without an error (1,565). He is one of three catchers in major league history with an errorless season of at least 100 games, and in 2005, set a Giants single-season team record for catcher's fielding percentage at .999. Matheny has made two World Series appearances—both with the Cardinals—one as a player (2004), and one as a manager (2013). He retired from playing in 2006 due to persisting symptoms of concussion, and has since become an advocate for its prevention and for improved catcher safety. After his playing career, Matheny coached Little League Baseball. The Cardinals hired him to manage after the 2011 season although he had no professional coaching or managerial experience. In 2012, the Cardinals were wild card winners, and from 2013–15, claimed three consecutive NL Central titles, including winning a career-best 100 games for Matheny in 2015.He became the first manager in MLB history to lead his team to the playoffs in each of his first four seasons, and the


title: Mike Matheny

texts:
 Matheny was ejected from a game for the first time for arguing a pivotal safe/out call by umpire Bill Welke in the bottom of the 10th inning of a 3–2 loss to the Chicago Cubs.<mask>'s first season as Cardinals manager was an overall success, finishing the regular season with an 88–74 record en route to capturing the National League wild-card game and qualifying for the postseason. The Giants defeated the Cardinals in the NLCS. 2013–14

On February 14, 2013, the Cardinals picked up Matheny's 2014 option. He surpassed the success of his first season by guiding the club in 2013 to a 97–65 record, the best record in the National League, and his first National League Central division title. The Cardinals defeated the Pittsburgh Pirates 3–2 in the NLDS and the Los Angeles Dodgers 4–2 in the NLCS for his first NL pennant. The Boston Red Sox defeated the Cardinals in the World Series in six games, with many similarities to 2004, when Matheny was also a key member of the team (as catcher)—the Cardinals finished with the best record in the NL, and the Red Sox likewise defeated the Cardinals in the World Series. However, in 2013, St. Louis lost four key players to season-ending injuries, including Chris Carpenter, Rafael Furcal, Jaime García and Jason Motte—rookies comprised half of the World Series pitching staff.On November 20, 2013, the Cardinals extended his contract for three more years through 2017. Making his first All-Star appearance as a major leaguer, Matheny was the National League manager in the 2014 game, which the American League won, 5–3. The Cardinals won the NL Central division title in 2014, their second consecutive title, and third consecutive playoff appearance with Matheny as manager. More trends continued as they eliminated the Dodgers from the playoffs for the second consecutive season, this time in the NLDS. Just like in 2012, the Giants eliminated the Cardinals in the NLCS.


title: Mike Matheny

texts:
 percentage. <mask> was fired by the Cardinals on July 14, 2018. His managing record was 47–46 (.505) in 2018, and for his career over 1,065 games was 591–474 (.555). Kansas City Royals
On October 31, 2019, <mask> was hired as manager of the Kansas City Royals after the retirement of Ned Yost. They have five children together. Their oldest son, Tate, played college baseball at Missouri State University and was drafted by the Boston Red Sox in the 4th round of the 2015 MLB Draft. Their daughter, Katie, played ice hockey at Ohio State,.Currently, two of the younger Matheny sons play baseball collegiately—Luke for Saint Louis University and Blaise for Missouri State University. Matheny majored in sports management and communications with an emphasis in Spanish. Matheny routinely chronicles his life experiences and maintains a blog of which topics includes leadership and changing the culture of youth sports. He is a Christian, and has spoken about his faith, saying, "... Jesus Christ is at the center of my life. [My faith is] all that I am, every day, every decision that I make." He has been known to add a verse from the Bible to his autographs. Under his name, he includes either "John 3:16" or "John 3:17".Charity work
Matheny organized and created the Catch-22 charity (named for his playing position and uniform number) which donated tickets for Cardinals games between 2002 and 2004. In 2005, Matheny opened the "Catch-22 Miracle Field" at the Chesterfield Valley Athletic complex in Chesterfield, Missouri. The field has a completely flat and firm rubber surface and other features to allow children with a wide array of physical and mental handicaps to participate. Real estate ventures
Unprofitable real estate transactions left Matheny heavily in debt. In 2005, Matheny founded MPD Partnership with two former professional indoor soccer players, Daryl Doran and Brett Phillips. They purchased a block

masks: Matheny Matheny


title: Sanford Biggers

texts:
<mask> (born 1970 in Los Angeles) is a Harlem-based interdisciplinary artist who works in film/video, installation, sculpture, music, and performance. An L.A. native, he has lived and worked in New York City since 1999. Life and education
<mask> was born in 1970 in Los Angeles, California. He is the son of a neurosurgeon, his father, and of a teacher, his mother. He received a BA from Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, an MFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois and attended Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in 1998. <mask> says that due to a lack of art major classes at Morehouse, he was required to take the majority of his classes at the all-women Spelman College. Work
Biggers first received critical attention when his collaborative work with David Ellis, Mandala of the B-Bodhisattva II, was included in the exhibition "Freestyle", curated by Thelma Golden at the Studio Museum in Harlem in 2001.Since, his works have been presented internationally including the Tate Modern in London, the Renaissance Society in Chicago, Prospect 1 in New Orleans and the Whitney Biennial, the Kitchen and Performa 07 (curated by Roselee Goldberg) in New York. <mask>'s art frequently references African-American ethnography, hip hop music, Buddhism, African spirituality, Indo-European Vodoun, jazz, Afrofuturism, urban culture and icons from Americana. He claims to place "no hierarchy on chronology, references or media" and his work has been characterized by meditation and improvisation. He says his themes are "meant to broaden and complicate our read on American history." He also uses syncretism to highlight the

masks:
Sanford Biggers
Biggers
Biggers
Biggers


title: Sanford Biggers

texts:
 interconnectedness of seemly disparate cultural practices. In order to make the viewer an active element, Biggers often turns his sculptures into performances. Having spent most of his life playing piano, this performative element frequently takes the form of music.He has collaborated on music projects with Saul Williams a.k.a. Niggy Tardust, Esthero, Martin Luther McCoy, Imani Uzuri, Rich Medina, and Jahi Sundance. In 2014, <mask> departed from his typical medium by painting on quilts that were given to him by the descendants of slave owners. <mask> is Affiliate Faculty at the Virginia Commonwealth University Sculpture and Expanded Media program and was a visiting scholar at Harvard University's VES Department in 2009. He was previously an Assistant Professor at Columbia University's Visual Arts program. Recognition
In 2019, <mask> was inducted into the New York Foundation for the Arts Hall of Fame. In 2010, <mask> was awarded the Greenfield Prize at the Hermitage Artist Retreat, a two-year residency and commission of new work.The commission formed the centerpiece of <mask>: Codex, a 2012 solo exhibition at the Ringling Museum curated by Matthew McLendon. In 2009 he received the William H. Johnson Prize  and was one of the three finalists for the inaugural Jack Wolgin International Competition in the Fine Arts, the largest juried prize in the world to go to an individual visual artist. Biggers in 2008 received the Creative Capital Award in the discipline of Visual Arts. <mask> was an Eyebeam artist-in-residence in 2000.

in 2018 <mask> was interviewed by Vinson Cunningham, a writer for the New Yorker magazine, about his impact on

masks:
Biggers
Biggers
Biggers
Biggers
Sanford Biggers
Biggers
Biggers


title: Sanford Biggers

texts:
 contemporary political art and his role in the Black Lives Matter movement. Also in 2018 <mask> was given an art award by the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In 2021, <mask> received the 26th Annual Heinz Award for the Arts. Exhibitions
Source unless otherwise noted:

Solo
"Sanford Biggers" - Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.September 7 - December 30, 2018
 "Selah" — Marianne Boesky Gallery, New York, New York. September 7 - October 21, 2017
 "The Pasts They Brought with Them" — Monique Meloche Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. February 11 - April 2, 2016
 "Shuffle, Shake - Everson Museum" — Urban Video Project (UVP) and Everson Museum of Art, Syracuse, New York. November 6 - December 27, 2014
 "3 Dollars and Six Dimes" — David Castillo Gallery, Miami, Florida. May 15 - July 5, 2014
 "Vex" — Baldwin Gallery, Aspen, Colorado. June 27-20, 2014
 "Sugar, Pork, Bourbon" — Massimo De Carlo Gallery, Milan, Italy. April 5 - May 18, 2013
 "Dark Star" — Eric Firestone Gallery, East Hampton, New York.July 6–22, 2013
 "Ago" — Monique Meloche Gallery, Chicago, Illinois. April 13 - June, 2013
 "The Cartographers Conundrum" — Mass MoCA, North Adams, Massachusetts. October 2012
 "Codex" — John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota, Florida. March 30 - October 14, 2012
 "Sweet Funk – An Introspective" — The Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn, New York. September 23, 2011 - January 8, 2012
 "Cosmic Voodoo Circus" — SculptureCenter, Long Island City, Queens, New York. September 10 - November 28, 2011
 "Moon Medicine" — Museum of Contemporary Arts, Santa Barbara, California. 2010
 "Blossom" — Grand Arts, Kansas City, Missouri

masks: Biggers Biggers


title: Sanford Biggers

texts:
 September 7 – October 20, 2007

Group
 "Matter" — David Castillo Gallery, Miami, Florida.December 1, 2015 - January 31, 2016
 "Eight Sculptors" — Paula Copper Gallery, New York, New York November 10 –- December 22, 2012
 "2018 Ceremonial Exhibition: Work by new members and recipients of awards" - American Academy of Arts and Letters. References

External links
<mask> at Marianne Boesky Gallery
<mask>gers and Jennifer Zackin: a small world...  A 2012 exhibition at The Jewish Museum, NY. Show and Tell: <mask>, NY Mag
 ‘Stranger Fruit,’ indeed, Harvard Gazette
 <mask>’s Moon Medicine at Contemporary Arts Forum, Santa Barbara Independent
 Review: <mask> at the Portland Art Museum, Oregon Live
 This year's Greenfield Prize winner melds a variety of talents and thoughts, Herald Tribune
 The deeply political, bold and rich work of Harlem's <mask>, ALL ARTS
 Sanford Biggers Opens Multimedia Installation at Rockefeller Center

African-American contemporary artists
American contemporary artists
Interdisciplinary artists
Morehouse College alumni
Columbia University faculty
1970 births
Living people
Artists from Los Angeles
Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture alumni
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American

masks:
Sanford Biggers
Sanford Big
Sanford Biggers
Sanford Biggers
Sanford Biggers
Sanford Biggers


title: Todd Storz

texts:
<mask> (May 8, 1924 – April 13, 1964) headed a very successful chain of American radio broadcasting stations and is generally credited with being the foremost innovator of the Top 40 radio format in 1951. The selection of records to be played was based on sales reported by record stores, an indication as to which would be of greatest interest to listeners. Only the favorites would be played, in rotation. Some sources also credit his Omaha radio station as among the first to play at least some rock and roll records. Early Years
<mask> (known as <mask> to avoid confusion with his father) was the grandson of Omaha brewer <mask>. His father, Robert H<mask>, positioned himself as a “mover and shaker” in Omaha, Nebraska. He joined his eldest brother Adolph in running the Storz Brewing Company, and became active in local associations and activities.Indeed, <mask> played a role in getting the U.S. Air Force's Strategic Air Command (SAC) headquarters to relocate to Omaha in 1957. SAC's huge and growing payroll portended good business for Storz beer. Having no interest in the beer business, however, young <mask> was far more attracted to the potential of broadcast radio. He built a crude AM radio crystal receiver when he was only eight, and from then on, was “hooked” on radio. In 1940 <mask> passed the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) amateur ham radio license examination, and set up his receiver and transmitter on the third floor of the family home. Robert H. enrolled <mask> at the prestigious Choate school in Connecticut, hoping that his son would pay more attention to academics than to radio. Instead, he became president of the Choate Radio Club.In 1942, he transferred to the University of Nebraska at Lincoln, where he put an unlicensed AM station on the air, though it was quickly shut down by the FCC. <mask> enlisted in the Army in 1943 and served as a warrant officer junior grade in

masks:
Robert Todd Storz
Robert Todd Storz
Todd
Gottlieb Storz
. Storz
Robert Storz
Todd Storz
Todd
Todd
Todd


title: Todd Storz

texts:
 the Signal Corps. When he mustered out in 1946, he enrolled in a 12-week radio course sponsored by NBC and Northwestern University. Next, he took a low-paying “jack-of-all-trades” job at KWBW in Hutchinson, Kansas, to gain some commercial radio experience. He returned to Omaha in 1947 to take on a sales position at KFAB—and to marry Elizabeth Ann Trailer. Station Acquisitions and A New Sound
In mid-April 1949, Robert and <mask> announced their purchase of KOWH-AM and its FM companion outlet KOAD from the owners of the Omaha World Herald. The elder <mask> was named president and his son became vice-president and general manager.For the first two years under Storz management, KOWH followed industry practice and offered a varied “conglomeration of programming” that resulted in only four percent of Omaha homes listening even once to the station in a sample week. By mid-1951 however, KOWH began to turn around as <mask> observed that audience ratings rose when recorded music was played but declined when talk shows were aired. He concluded that listeners wanted most to hear hit records. By the fall of 1953, all of KOWH's programming was being produced in-house, featuring local announcers, recorded popular music, and a wide array of promotional jingles. In an era when network and local radio were relying on a more staid variety of short programs designed to appeal to a specific slice of the available audience for a finite amount of time, the Storz operation offered a single program type—recorded hit music—during all of its broadcast hours. Ratings showed that KOWH's music appealed to the largest percentage of audience of any independent (non-network) radio outlet in the country. Playing popular music, and repeating the top-selling (“Top-40”) hits most often, was the main engine driving KOWH's phenomenal audience growth.This was the beginning of a radio revolution, which would soon expand to six

masks:
Todd Storz
Storz
Todd


title: Todd Storz

texts:
 other Storz stations, beginning with WTIX, New Orleans in 1953, which also became phenomenally successful despite having a weak signal. <mask>orz went on to buy WHB in Kansas City in 1954, WDGY in Minneapolis/St. Paul in January 1956, WQAM in Miami in May 1956, KOMA in Oklahoma City in 1958, and KXOK in St. Louis in 1960. Most of the later acquisitions enjoyed top-notch technical facilities. Storz could easily afford their purchase. Other station operators took notice of the Storz phenomenon and began to program similar tightly-formatted Top-40 music. The Unraveling
In January 1961 <mask>'s wife of fourteen years filed for divorce.A month later Storz announced that the company had designated a Miami Beach building as the company's new national headquarters. In retrospect, there were several good reasons for Storz to move his home and office from Omaha to Miami Beach. Doing so would distance him from his failed marriage, remove him somewhat from his father's close scrutiny, provide him with a fresh location more in keeping with a modern, upbeat corporate identity, offer hoped-for relief from a persistent sinus condition and migraine headaches, and bring him closer to the woman who soon become his second wife–station WQAM's receptionist. But the changes were short-lived. On April 13, 1964, <mask> was found dead at his Miami Beach home. He was about three and a half weeks shy of his 40th birthday. The coroner's report cited “pulmonary congestion and edema” and “marked coronary and aortic narrowing” as the probable causes.However, a second cause of death might have been barbiturate intoxication. The drug in question was Tuinal, which was sometimes prescribed to insomniacs to help induce sleep. Tuinal was known to be dangerous because the amount of the drug that induces drowsiness is only slightly less than the amount that can lead to death. But the specific cause of <mask>'s premature death

masks:
Todd St
Todd
Todd Storz
Todd


title: Todd Storz

texts:
 was never determined. Robert H. Storz took over the operation of the Storz Broadcasting Company, shifting the headquarters back to Omaha. With <mask> gone, his vision, of how compelling radio could be, relied upon the station managers and staff he had trained. But, as former Storz station manager Deane Johnson later put it, “<mask>'s death [and the control of the radio stations falling to <mask>'s father] brought about a shift from a 'programming company' to a 'money company.'“  That is a succinct description of the shift in the Storz stations' focus that transpired after <mask>'s death. Unfortunately, <mask> neither understood nor acknowledged that Top-40 programming was central to the success of the company <mask> had run. Instead, the senior Storz complained that station managers were spending too much money. Indeed, he had such a programming "disconnect" on what the stations were doing that he once asked KXOK manager Jack Sampson if the station "could play some Lawrence Welk from time to time, or a lively Sousa march in the morning." The managers humored him and did whatever they could to keep the elder Storz from changing the established programming elements that had made the Storz organization so successful. But they could only do so much as their own influence waned in the 1970s. The Sell-Off
After years of declining audiences and revenues, the six Storz AM stations were sold between April 1984 and September 1985 for prices far below what they would have fetched during their heyday under <mask>'s guidance.The order in which the stations were sold, and their value in 2017 dollars is as follows: WTIX, New Orleans, $7,066,400; KOMA, Oklahoma City, $7,066,400; WDGY, Minneapolis, approximately $3,000,000; WHB, Kansas City, sale price not determined; KXOK, St. Louis, $4,710,933; and WQAM, Miami, $6,713,080. The decline of the Storz Broadcasting Company is instructive because—as the

masks:
Todd
Todd
Todd
Todd
Robert Storz
Todd
Todd


title: Alabama Pitts

texts:
Edwin Collins "Alabama" <mask>. (November 22, 1909 – June 7, 1941) was an American convicted felon who garnered media attention in his attempt to play professional baseball after his release from Sing Sing prison. After being denied the ability to play for the Albany Senators of the International League in 1935 by the president of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, he appealed to Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis, who granted his request. <mask> went on to play for five years as a baseball player and two years as a football player, including one as a member of the National Football League (NFL)'s Philadelphia Eagles. Early years
<mask> was born in Opelika, Alabama, to <mask>., a member of the cavalry, and <mask> on November 22, 1909. Edwin Sr. died five months after his son's birth. Pitts' mother gave him the nickname "Alabama" to distinguish him from his father, who was born in Georgia. She was remarried to Robert E. Rudd, and the couple had a daughter, Pitts' half-sister, together.They divorced thereafter, and Pitts and his mother moved to Peoria, Illinois, where Erma became a telephone operator. Pitts attended Crossman School, a high school in New Orleans, Louisiana, for one year, and received a gold medal for high jump in 1924. The next year, he enlisted in the United States Navy at fifteen years old, and was stationed in China. He served for three years before he received an honorable discharge. After his military career, he wound up living in New York City, where he married in 1928. His mother left Illinois to be with her son in New York, and a judge later cited her unpredictable tendencies as a potential influencer on Pitts' problematic life decisions. Sing Sing
At the age of 19, Pitts robbed a New York City grocery store with a gun and stole $76.25 ().He and his accomplice, James Murphy, were arrested as they tried to get away in a taxicab. Pitts' mother claimed the gun was planted on him by Murphy. <mask> was implicated in five previous

masks:
Pitts Jr
Pitts
Pitts
Edwin Pitts Sr
Erma Mills Pitts
Pitts


title: Alabama Pitts

texts:
 robberies, and for his crimes was sentenced in 1930 to eight to sixteen years in the Sing Sing prison in Ossining, New York. At Sing Sing, Lewis Lawes began reforming the prison when he became warden in 1919. This reformation brought about the addition of sports teams to the correctional facility. Pitts played fullback for a football team in the prison system, the Black Sheep, during his sentence. The team was coached by John Law, who was previously the head football coach for Manhattan College.The United Press wrote in November 1931, that "Alabama is a triple-threat man in more ways than one. He can punt, drop-kick, ram the line, pass, run a broken field, play the harmonica, wiggle his ears, play center field on the prison baseball team and is to be starred in the annual prison show next month." A character in the 1933 film The Billion Dollar Scandal was based on Pitts. In 1934, the Black Sheep went 10–2 against police departments and independent clubs. He also played basketball and baseball, in which he had a .500 batting average in 21 career games with eight home runs. He was noted by the Los Angeles Times in late 1934 as "the most prominent jail-bird athlete in America." He went through a tryout with two professional football teams during his sentence.On May 22, 1935, <mask> signed a contract with the Albany Senators of the International League to play baseball for $200 a month ( a month). Lawes had <mask>' sentence end three years early, and he was released in June 1935 after serving over five years. Career
After his release from prison on June 6, 1935, <mask>' signing with the Albany Senators generated controversy through the media. W. G. Bramham, the president of the National Association of Professional Baseball Leagues, and Charles H. Knapp, the president of the International League, were against the idea of a former convict playing professional baseball. Knapp refused to approve <mask>' contract and Bramham supported the decision. An executive committee of the National

masks: Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts


title: Alabama Pitts

texts: Association held a hearing on June 11, 1935, to review Bramham's actions. The committee supported Bramham, and <mask> announced that he would appeal to Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis.On June 17, Landis declared that <mask> could play professional baseball due to the "complete reformation in <mask>' character" since the robberies. <mask> made his professional athletics debut on June 23, 1935. For the 1935 season, <mask> had a batting average of .233 in 116 at bats. Because of injuries, he only played in 43 games for the Senators in 1935. <mask> signed a one-year contract worth $500 per game ( per game) on September 10, 1935, with the Philadelphia Eagles of the NFL to play halfback and defensive back. Signed primarily for publicity reasons, he played in three games for the Eagles, recording two receptions for 21 yards. After the fourth game of the season, <mask> was released.He played in a game for the New Rochelle Bulldogs on October 27, 1935. He played basketball in 1936 for a traveling team called the "Alabama Pitts All-Stars." After re-signing with the Senators, he was demoted to the York White Roses of the New York-Pennsylvania League in 1936. The White Roses were forced to move to Trenton, New Jersey, due to flooding, where they became the Trenton Senators on July 2. <mask> finished the season with a .224 batting average in 156 at bats. His last game as a Senator was on July 6. <mask> signed with the Charlotte Hornets of the "outlaw" Carolina League a few days later.Later in 1936, he played two more football games for the New Rochelle Bulldogs of the newly formed American Association on November 29 and December 16, and also played for the Stapleton Buffaloes. <mask> signed with the Winston-Salem Twins of the Piedmont League in 1937. During his time with the team, he had a batting average of .278 in 23 games. He was released by the Twins in June 1937. He signed with the Gastonia Spinners of the Carolina League, but was released later the same month. The Valdese

masks: Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts Pitts


title: Alabama Pitts

texts:
 Textiles of the Carolina League picked him up, and he had a batting average of .333 with the team. In between the 1937 and 1938 seasons, he worked at Pilot Mill, a hosiery mill near Valdese, North Carolina.He spent the 1938 season with the Textiles and Lenoir Finishers, with a batting average of .268. He returned to Valdese to work after the 1938 season. In 1939, he was hired as the baseball coach at Valdese High School. In 1940 he signed with the Hickory Rebels of the Tar Heel League, and he had a season batting average of .303. <mask> divorced his first wife on April 14, 1937. He married his second wife on December 13, 1937, in Valdese, and they had a daughter together in January 1939. Lawes sold Pitts' story to Warner Brothers by August 1935, and the film Over the Wall was released in April 1938 inspired by his life.Death
On June 7, 1941, <mask> was stabbed to death in a tavern in Valdese, North Carolina, when he tried to cut in to dance with a woman that another man was dancing with. His funeral service was attended by approximately 5,000 people the next day in Valdese. A 24-year-old man was convicted of manslaughter in the death of Pitts, and sentenced to 10 to 15 years in prison on December 9, 1941. The man was released from prison on April 13, 1944. Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

1909 births
1941 deaths
People from Opelika, Alabama
Sportspeople from Peoria, Illinois
United States Navy sailors
Players of American football from Alabama
Players of American football from Illinois
Baseball players from Alabama
Sing Sing
American people convicted of robbery
American football halfbacks
American football defensive backs
Baseball outfielders
Albany Senators players
Philadelphia Eagles players
York White Roses players
Trenton Senators players
Charlotte Hornets (baseball) players
Winston-Salem Twins players
Hickory Rebels players
People murdered in North Carolina
Deaths by stabbing in the United States
Male murder victims
Murdered criminals
People from Valdese,

masks: Pitts Pitts


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
<mask> the Elder (30 October 39 BC – AD 14), known to her contemporaries as <mask>is filia or <mask>i filia (Classical Latin: IVLIA•CAESARIS•FILIA or IVLIA•AVGVSTI•FILIA), was the daughter and only biological child of Augustus, the first Roman Emperor, and his second wife, Scribonia. <mask> was also stepsister and second wife of the Emperor Tiberius; maternal grandmother of the Emperor Caligula and the Empress Agrippina the Younger; grandmother-in-law of the Emperor Claudius; and maternal great-grandmother of the Emperor Nero. Her epithet 'the Elder' distinguishes her from her daughter, <mask> the Younger. Life

Early life

At the time of <mask>'s birth, 39 BC, Augustus had not yet received the title "Augustus" and was known as "Gaius Julius Caesar Divi Filius", though historians refer to him as "Octavian" until 27 BC, when <mask> was 11. Octavian divorced <mask>'s mother on the day of her birth and took <mask> from her soon thereafter. Octavian, in accordance with Roman custom, claimed complete parental control over her. She was sent to live with her stepmother Livia and when she was old enough learned how to be an aristocrat.Her education appears to have been strict and somewhat old-fashioned. Thus, in addition to her studies, Suetonius informs us, she was taught spinning and weaving. Macrobius mentions "her love of literature and considerable culture, a thing easy to come by in that household". <mask>'s social life was severely controlled, and she was allowed to talk only to people whom her

masks:
Julia
Julia Caesar
Julia August
Julia
Julia
Julia
Julia
Julia
Julia
Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 father had vetted. However, Octavian had a great affection for his daughter and made sure she had the best teachers available. Macrobius preserves a remark of Augustus: "There are two wayward daughters that I have to put up with: the Roman commonwealth and <mask>." In 37 BC, during <mask>'s early childhood, Octavian's friends Gaius Maecenas and Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa concluded an agreement with Octavian's great rival Mark Antony.It was sealed with an engagement: Antony's ten-year-old son Marcus Antonius Antyllus was to marry <mask>, then two years old. The engagement never led to marriage because civil war broke out. In 31 BC, at the Battle of Actium, Octavian and Agrippa defeated Antony and Cleopatra. In Alexandria, the defeated couple both committed suicide, and Octavian became sole ruler of the Roman Empire. First marriage
As with most aristocratic Roman women of the period, expectations of <mask> focused on marriage and on the resulting family alliances. Moreover, Augustus desired a male issue; as his only living child <mask>'s duty would be to provide her father with grandsons whom he could adopt as his heirs. In 25 BC, at the age of fourteen, <mask> married her first cousin Marcellus, the son of her father's sister Octavia, who was some three years older than she.Augustus himself was not present for the wedding as he was fighting a war in Spain and had fallen ill. Instead, he commissioned Agrippa to preside over the ceremony and hold the festival in his absence. The decision to marry

masks: Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 Marcellus to <mask>, and then Augustus's choice to raise Marcellus to the pontificate and curule aedileship, was perceived to be an indication that he would be Augustus's successor in power, despite his youth. This put him at odds with Agrippa, whom people believed would oppose Marcellus' accession to power; the apparent preference for Marcellus is allegedly the catalyst that led to Agrippa to withdraw to Mytilene, Greece. However, Marcellus died in September 23 BC, when <mask> was sixteen. The union produced no children. Marriage to Agrippa

In 21 BC, having now reached the age of 18, <mask> married Agrippa, a man from a modest family who had risen to become Augustus's most trusted general and friend.This step is said to have been taken partly on the advice of Maecenas, who in counseling him remarked: "You have made him so great that he must either become your son-in-law or be slain." Agrippa was nearly 25 years her elder; it was a typical arranged marriage, with <mask> functioning as a pawn in her father's dynastic plans. There is from this period the report of an infidelity with one Sempronius Gracchus, with whom <mask> allegedly had a lasting liaison (Tacitus describes him as "a persistent paramour"). This was the first of a series of alleged adulteries. According to Suetonius, <mask>'s marital status did not prevent her from conceiving a passion for Augustus' stepson, and thus her stepbrother, Tiberius, so it was widely rumoured. The newlyweds lived in a villa in Rome that has since been


title: Julia the Elder

texts: excavated near the modern Farnesina in Trastevere. Agrippa and <mask>'s marriage resulted in five children: Gaius Caesar, <mask> the Younger, Lucius Caesar, Agrippina the Elder (mother of Caligula), and Agrippa Postumus (a posthumous son).From June 20 BC to the spring of 18 BC, Agrippa was governor of Gaul, and it is likely that <mask> followed him across the Alps. Shortly after their arrival, their first child Gaius was born, and in 19 BC, <mask> gave birth to Vipsania <mask>. After their return to Italy, a third child followed: a son named Lucius. In 17 BC, Augustus adopted the newborn Lucius and the three-year-old Gaius. He took care of their education personally. Although Agrippa died in 12 BC, Augustus did not adopt the third brother, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Posthumus, until AD 4, after the exile of <mask> - and after the deaths of both Gaius and Lucius. Nicolaus and Josephus mention that during <mask>'s marriage to Agrippa, she travelled to meet Agrippa where he was campaigning.She was caught up in a flash flood in Ilium (Troy), and almost drowned. Agrippa was furious, and in his anger he fined the locals 100,000 drachmae. The fine was a heavy blow but no one would face Agrippa to request an appeal. Only after Herod, king of Judaea, went to Agrippa to request a pardon did he withdraw the fine. In the spring of 16 BC, Agrippa and <mask> started a tour through the eastern provinces, where they visited Herod. In October 14 BC, the couple traveled to Athens, where <mask> gave birth to her fourth

masks: Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 child, Agrippina. After the winter, the family returned to Italy.<mask> quickly became pregnant again, but her husband died suddenly in March 12 BC in Campania at the age of 51. He was buried in the Mausoleum of Augustus. <mask> named the posthumous son Marcus in his honor. He was to be known as Agrippa Postumus. Immediately after the boy was born, and while <mask> was still in mourning, Augustus had her betrothed and then remarried to Tiberius, her stepbrother. Marriage to Tiberius
After the death of Agrippa, Augustus sought to promote his step-son Tiberius, believing that this would best serve his own dynastic interests. Tiberius married <mask> (11 BC), but first had to divorce Vipsania Agrippina (daughter from a previous marriage of Agrippa), the woman he dearly loved.Suetonius alleges that Tiberius had a low opinion of <mask>'s character, while Tacitus claims that she disdained Tiberius as an unequal match and even sent his father a letter, written by Sempronius Gracchus, denouncing him. The marriage was thus blighted almost from the start, and the son that <mask> bore him died in infancy. By 6 BC, when Tiberius departed for Rhodes, if not earlier, the couple had separated. Scandal
Because Augustus was her legitimate father, having married her mother with conubium, Augustus had Patria Potestas over her. Patria Potestas lasted until the pater familias, Augustus, either died or emancipated his child. Marriage had no effect on Patria Potestas, unless it was manus marriage which was rare at this


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 point in time. As the daughter of Augustus, mother (now legally the sister) of two of his heirs, Lucius and Gaius, and wife of another, Tiberius, <mask>'s future seemed assured to all.Yet in 2 BC she was arrested for adultery and treason; Augustus sent her a letter in Tiberius' name declaring the marriage null and void (Tiberius was at this time on the island of Rhodes and unable to respond quickly). He also asserted in public that she had been plotting against his own life. Though at the time Augustus had been passing legislation to promote family values, collectively known as the Leges Iuliae, he likely knew of her intrigues with other men but hesitated for some time to accuse her. Several of <mask>'s supposed lovers were exiled, most notably Sempronius Gracchus, while Iullus Antonius (son of Mark Antony and Fulvia) was forced to commit suicide. Others have suggested that <mask>'s alleged paramours were members of her city clique, who wished to remove Tiberius from favour and replace him with Antonius. This would explain the letter, written by Gracchus, asking Augustus to allow <mask> to divorce Tiberius. Exile
Reluctant to execute her, Augustus decided instead to confine <mask> on Pandateria, an island that measures less than , with no men in sight and forbidden even to drink wine.Her mother, Scribonia, accompanied her into exile. She was allowed no visitor unless her father had given permission and had been informed of the stature, complexion, and even of any marks or scars upon his body. Five

masks: Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts: years after her initial exile, around AD 4, <mask> was moved to Rhegium on the mainland and Augustus appears to have granted her a peculium (property), a yearly income and permitted her to walk about the town. Despite these concessions, Augustus never forgave her nor ever allowed her to return to Rome. This choice appears to have been unpopular with the Roman people, who petitioned several times for her to be recalled. <mask>'s exile cast a long shadow over Augustus's remaining years. In AD 6, <mask>'s youngest son, Agrippa Postumus, was exiled for his growing unruliness.Then, in 8, her elder daughter <mask> the Younger was exiled to Tremirus, likewise charged with adultery; it may also have been related to the attempted revolt by her husband Lucius Aemilius Paullus and one Plautius Rufus. It is said that at any mention of <mask> or her two disgraced children, Augustus would remark of them: "If only I had never married, or had died childless", slightly misquoting Hector, in the Iliad. There is mention of at least one suppressed plot to take her from captivity; one Lucius Audasius and one Asinius Epicadus had planned to forcibly take her and her son Agrippa Postumus from where they were held and to the armies, presumably to stage a coup against Augustus. Upon Augustus's death in 14, Tiberius ascended to the Princeps. Despite having shown some sympathy towards <mask> when she was initially exiled, he instead enforced harsher conditions upon her. He removed her dowry and yearly income, citing that


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 Augustus had failed to make provisions for them in his will, and thus left her destitute. Furthermore, he denied her permission to leave her house or receive visitors.Death and aftermath
<mask> died in 14 AD, some time after Augustus's death. While it is generally agreed by contemporary historians that it was as a result of Tiberius's actions against her, the circumstances of her death are obscure. Dio Cassius indicates Tiberius had a direct hand in her death by imprisoning her until she died either from debility or starvation. Tacitus remarks that upon learning Postumus had been murdered, she succumbed to despair and her health slowly declined. Augustus had explicitly given instructions in his will that she should not be buried in his Mausoleum of Augustus. Simultaneously, her alleged paramour Sempronius Gracchus, who had endured 14 years of exile on Cercina (Kerkenna) off the African coast, was executed either at Tiberius' instigation or on the independent initiative of L. Nonius Asprenas, proconsul of Africa. Her daughter <mask> died in AD 29, after 20 years of exile; like her mother, the younger <mask> was forbidden by Augustus's will to be buried in his tomb.Cultural depictions

In ancient literature
Among contemporary writers, <mask> is almost universally remembered for her flagrant and promiscuous conduct. Thus Marcus Velleius Paterculus (2.100) describes her as "tainted by luxury or lust", listing among her lovers Iullus Antonius, Quintius Crispinus, Appius Claudius, Sempronius Gracchus,

masks: Julia Julia Julia Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts: and Cornelius Scipio. Seneca the Younger refers to "adulterers admitted in droves"; Pliny the Elder calls her an “exemplum licentiae” (NH 21.9). Dio Cassius mentions "revels and drinking parties by night in the Forum and even upon the Rostra" (Roman History 55.10). Seneca (De Beneficiis 6.32) tells us that the Rostra was the place where "her father had proposed a law against adultery", and yet now she had chosen the place for her "debaucheries". Seneca specifically mentions prostitution: "laying aside the role of adulteress, she there [in the Forum] sold her favours, and sought the right to every indulgence with even an unknown paramour." Modern historians discredit these representations as exaggerating <mask>'s behaviour.Macrobius provides invaluable details of her witticisms and personality. Among the sassy ripostes he attributes to her is a retort to people's surprise that all her children all resembled Agrippa - “I take on a passenger only when the ship’s hold is full.” On her character, he writes that <mask> was extensively celebrated for her amiable, empathetic nature and studiousness despite her profligacy: "[S]he was abusing her standing as fortune’s darling, and her father’s, though in other respects she gained a great deal of credit for her love of literature and extensive learning... and her kindness, fellow-feeling, and lack of cruelty." Sidonius Apollinaris, writing in the 5th century, was the first person to identify <mask> as the figure Corinna in Ovid's Amores. In popular

masks: Julia Julia Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 culture

Literature

In Ben Jonson's comedy play, The Poetaster (1601), <mask> is the romantic interest of Ovid. The play itself is commonly thought to be a parody on the literary scene at the time with <mask> and Ovid performing a balcony scene similar to Romeo and Juliet. Aphra Behn's satirical, heroic epistle poem, Ovid to <mask>. A Letter (1685).The poem itself is a satire of John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, who allegedly courted the future Queen Anne and was exiled from court in 1682. Charlotte-Antoinette de Bressay's epistolary novel, Lettres De Julie À Ovide Et D'ovide À Julie ("Letters from <mask>, the Daughter of Augustus, to Ovid", 1753). Robert Graves' novel, I, Claudius (1934). The titular character, Claudius, recounts that <mask> was tricked by Livia into taking aphrodisiacs that increase her sexual appetite, leading to her affairs and ultimately her exile. Graves appears to have been largely influenced by Macrobius' account of <mask>, with Claudius referring to her as "a decent, good hearted woman, though fond of pleasures and excitement, and the only one of my female relations who had a kindly word for me." Taylor Caldwell's novel Dear and Glorious Physician (1958) portrays <mask> as the unhappy wife of Tiberius and a seductress of Lucanus, the young evangelist Saint Luke. In Elisabeth Dored's novel, Jeg elsket Tiberius ("I Loved Tiberius", 1959), <mask> serves as the main character; it portrays <mask> as innocent of all charges against her, both her affairs and


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 modern historians' speculation of a plot.<mask> is one of the narrators of John Edward Williams' epistolary novel Augustus (1972). There are a number of contributions in her name, written as part of a diary she wrote while in exile in Pandateria reflecting on her father, her marriages, her relationships with her lovers and the restrictions on her as a prominent Roman matron. Allan Massie's novel, Augustus (1986), depicts <mask>ius (1991), invents an affair between <mask> and Tiberius during her marriage to Marcellus. In Edward Burton's novel Caesar's Daughter (1999), <mask> is the titular character; it downplays her affairs with Iullus Antonius being her only lover and instead attributes <mask>'s exile to a failed coup to kill Tiberius. <mask> appears in the final novel in Colleen McCullough's Master of Rome series, Antony and Cleopatra (2007), as a child. Emphasising her as a highly intelligent child, the focus is chiefly on her education, which Octavian purposefully ensures is "like a man's".Michelle Moran's novel, Cleopatra's Daughter (2009), which focuses on Cleopatra Selene, Queen Cleopatra VII's daughter, depicts a teenage <mask> as one of the main characters. Film and television
In the 1976 BBC Television adaptation of I, Claudius, <mask> was portrayed by Frances White. <mask> is one of the few major female characters who does not scheme to murder another character, along with her daughter Agrippina the Elder, her cousin Antonia Minor and Antonia's granddaughter, Helen. In the Italian mini

masks: Julia Juliaiber Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 series Imperium: Augustus, <mask> was portrayed by Vittoria Belvedere. The series focused on the relationship between Augustus and <mask> as he recounts how he came to power to her. After being forced into an abusive marriage with Tiberius by her father and Livia, she begins an affair with Iullus Antonius. He subsequently attempts to murder Augustus in order to free <mask> from his dynastic plans, leading to her exile.In the film, The Robe, she was played by Rosalind Ivan, making an anachronistic appearance as Tiberius' wife. In the 2021 TV series Domina, she was portrayed by Liah O'Prey. Role in Anno Domini chronology
In 1605, the Polish historian Laurentius Suslyga published a tract (later quoted by Kepler), which for the first time suggested that Jesus was born sometime during the years 6-4 BC, not on 25 December 1 BC as Dionysius Exiguus implied, but never stated. According to Dionysius' dating scheme, the Christian era supposedly began on 1 January AD 1, about one week after Jesus' birth at the end of December. <mask>'s expulsion from Rome in 2 BC was featured in Suslyga's chronological argument which sought to establish Herod's death in 4 BC. Suslyga's chronological ideas concerning the dating of Herod's death based on <mask> the <mask>'s exile have since been challenged by archaeologists. Marriages and births
25 BC, Marcellus, until his death on September 23 BC.No children. 21 BC, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, until his death in 12 BC. Their children:
Gaius Caesar in 20 BC
Vipsania <mask> (known

masks: Julia Julia Julia Julia Julia Elder Julia


title: Julia the Elder

texts:
 as <mask> the Younger) in c. 19 BC. Lucius Caesar in 17 BC
 Vipsania <mask> (known as Agrippina the Elder) in 14 BC (mother of Emperor Caligula)
Agrippa Postumus in 12 BC (posthumously after Agrippa's death). 11 BC, <mask> marries her stepbrother Tiberius. Their child:
Infant son, (dubbed "Tiberillus" by modern historians), died in infancy. Ancestry

See also
Julio-Claudian family tree
Lex Julia
Lex Papia Poppaea
Scandal

Notes

References

External links
<mask>'s wit - Macrobius, Saturnalia 2.5.1-10
LIVIUS: Articles on ancient history (<mask>)
BBC Ancient Roman

39 BC births
14 deaths
1st-century BC Roman women
1st-century Roman women
Ancient Roman exiles
Augustus
Children of Augustus
Daughters of Roman emperors
Deaths by starvation
Julii Caesares
Wives of Roman emperors
Family of

masks:
Julia
Julia Apina
Julia
Julia
Julia


title: Jordan Todorov

texts:
<mask> (; born May 29, 1980) is a Bulgarian documentary filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, and journalist. He graduated with an MA in Film Studies from the Krastyo Sarafov National Academy for Theatre and Film Arts in Sofia, Bulgaria in 2003. Career

Filmmaking
<mask> made his writing and directing debut with Concrete Pharaohs (2010), a picturesque documentary about the Kalderash Roma – a closed community of no more than 1 million people all over the world. The film was produced by the Bulgarian company AGITPROP and became the first Bulgarian documentary commissioned by HBO. The film was shortlisted for the Japan Prize 2011 - the International Contest for Educational Media. <mask> served as a researcher for The Boy Who Was a King - a documentary that tells the story of Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, who at the age of six became the Tsar of Bulgaria. In 2011 <mask> has been commissioned by the Bulgarian National Television to direct the Twilight segment of the Bulgarian version of BBC's Big Read survey.In 2011 <mask> wrote and directed the documentary Dad Made Dirty Movies (2011), that tells the story of the late American sexploitation producer and director Stephen C. Apostolof. The idea of the documentary dawned on <mask> in 2005, when he received an odd email from a friend: "Look who filmed the erotic scripts by Ed Wood!". The film is produced by AGITPROP in association with Filmtank(Hamburg), ZDF and Arte. Principal photography began in New York City in December 2009, and continued in California, Nevada and Arizona in May 2010. Dad Made Dirty Movies features interviews with Apostolof's children and his third wife Shelley, stars from his films, cult filmmakers, film critics and film historians. Dad Made Dirty Movies premiered at Visions du Réel International Film Festival and played at more than

masks:
Jordan Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov
Todorov


title: Jordan Todorov

texts:
 thirty festivals around the world, including Sydney Underground Film Festival, Transilvania International Film Festival, Trieste Film Festival and Mumbai International Film Festival, among others. The film has been sold in more than thirty territories worldwide.Dad Made Dirty Movies will air on HBO in the autumn of 2012. In 2013 <mask> helped produce the short documentary film Plamen, which features the story of Plamen Goranov, who became a symbol of the Bulgarian social protest movement and a catalyst for nationwide protests and government resignations when on 20 February 2013 he set himself on fire in front of the Varna municipal building. In 2014 <mask> was awarded the MEDIA funded Nipkow Programm fellowship to develop his next documentary film in Berlin - a portrait of the iconic photographer Will McBride. Journalism
<mask> began his career as a journalist in 2002, working for the weekly newspaper 168 Hours, where he spent several years writing feature stories, interviews and news. Through the years he has earned a reputation for writing about offbeat subjects and characters in a humorous and somewhat surreal way. As a freelance journalist <mask> has written on a wide range of subjects for a number of publications as diverse as Playboy, Esquire, Fotogeschichte,L'Europeo, Vice, Capital, Amica, Expresso, Brava Casa and Abitare. He worked as staff editor for the Bulgarian edition of Rolling Stone until the magazine's closure in September 2011.<mask> has interviewed an array of prominent international figures. His feature interview subjects have included Dita Von Teese, Forrest J Ackerman, Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski, Kevin Warwick, Amos Oz, Isabel Allende, Aubrey De Grey, Alison Goldfrapp, Richard Kern, George Lois, Mark Benecke, Alain de Botton, Bunny Yeager, and Georgina Spelvin

masks: Todorov Todorov Todorov Todorov Todorov


title: Jordan Todorov

texts:
 among others. He authored a biography of Stephen C. Apostolof due to be published in mid-2012 as a tie-in to his most recent documentary Dad Made Dirty Movies. <mask> was a managing editor of the Bulgarian edition of Max. He writes for Atlas Obscura - an online compendium of "The World's Wonders, Curiosities, and Esoterica”. Other

In 2011 he was a member of the FIPRESCI jury at the 15th Sofia International Film Festival. The next year he was a member of the jury at the 10th In the Palace International Short Film Festival.In October 2013, <mask> curated "Bunny's Pin-up Girls" - an exhibition of photos by the American photographer Bunny Yeager in Sofia, Bulgaria. In 2016 he translated into Bulgarian the New York Times bestseller Savage Harvest: A Tale of Cannibals, Colonialism, and Michael Rockefeller’s Tragic Quest for Primitive Art - a non-fiction book about the mysterious disappearance of Michael Rockefeller in New Guinea in 1961. <mask> also translated into Bulgarian River of the Sacred Monkey (1970) – a travelogue detailing the adventures of Dimitar Krustev (1920-2013), a Bulgarian-born artist and adventurer, who in 1968 became the first person to successfully navigate the Usumacinta River on the border of Mexico and Guatemala. Filmography
 Plamen (2015)(Producer)
 Dad Made Dirty Movies (2011)(Director/Writer)
 The Boy Who Was a King (2011)(Researcher)
 Concrete Pharaohs (2010)(Director/Writer)

Bibliography

Dad Made Dirty Movies: The Erotic World of Stephen C. Apostolof (McFarland)
Реката на свещената маймуна (original title River of the Sacred Monkey) (Erove)
Дивашка жътва (original title Savage Harvest: A Tale of Cannibals, Colonialism, and Michael Rockefeller’s Tragic Quest for Primitive Art) (Erove)
Atlas Obscura Explorer's Journal (Workman Publishing Company)
 Bulgarian

masks: Todorov Todorov Todorov


title: Wally Dallenbach Jr.

texts:
<mask>. (born May 23, 1963) is an American racing driver who formerly competed in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series. He competed in 226 Winston Cup races from 1991 to 2001 and had 23 top 10 finishes. The son of open wheel racer and former CART chief steward <mask>., <mask>. is also a road racer. Aside from NASCAR, <mask> has raced in SCCA Trans-Am, IMSA Camel GT, CART, and the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. Largely retired from full-time driving, <mask> was a race commentator for NBC Sports and Turner Sports. His primary responsibilities are for TNT's NASCAR coverage, a position he had held since 2001, and NBC Sports Network's IndyCar Series coverage, which he has been a part of since NBC was bought by Comcast in 2010 until 2014. Dallenbach worked with Adam Alexander and Kyle Petty on TNT and with Leigh Diffey and Jon Beekhuis on NBC Sports Network.In 2015 Dallenbach joined Fox NASCAR on NASCAR Race Hub. Racing career

Early career
<mask> was born in Basalt, Colorado. He grew up in Denver with his father <mask> Sr. and mother. After graduating high school, <mask> left Colorado for North Carolina to start a racing career. He began his pro racing career in the SCCA Trans-Am Series. Immediately he won the Rookie-of-the Year title in 1984, and followed that up with two Trans-Am championships. The first one in 1985 driving for Jack Roush in a Mercury Capri.This made Dallenbach the youngest Trans-Am champion at the age of just 22 years. The following year Dallenbach joined the Protofab team and drove their Camaros to another championship. The success garnered him an invitation to race in the International Race of Champions in 1987. Dallenbach followed up those accomplishments by winning the 24 Hours of Daytona four times and the 12 Hours of Sebring three times. He later drove in the GTO class of the IMSA GT

masks:
Wally Dallenbach Jr
Wally Dallenbach Sr
Wally Jr
Dallenbach
Dallenbach
Dallenbach
Wally Dallenbach
Dallenbach


title: Wally Dallenbach Jr.

texts:
 championship, finishing runner-up in the standings in 1988 (driving for Jack Roush) and 1989. IndyCar
Initially, Dallenbach followed the steps of his father by pursuing an open-wheel career, taking part the inaugural round of the American Racing Series in 1986, on which he raced four more times over the following two seasons, finishing 3rd at Phoenix in 1988. One year before, he had made his CART Indy Car debut at Road America subbing for driver-owner Dick Simon, who had undergone an arm surgery after a fall off his motorbike.After qualifying 17th, <mask> went off the track late in the race and retired, though he was classified in the 12th and final points paying place. Three years later, in 1990, he took part in three road course races at the end of the season for the Leader Cards team, in place of the departing Pancho Carter, with an 11th place finish at Denver followed by engine failures at Mid-Ohio and Laguna Seca. NASCAR
By 1991, <mask> was ready to make a jump to the world of NASCAR, racing in the Winston Cup Series. He made eleven starts that year driving one of Junie Donlavey's Fords. In 1992, former boss Jack Roush called <mask> up to have him drive as a teammate to Mark Martin in the No. 16 Ford. He drove for Roush during the 1992 and 1993 seasons, finishing second at Watkins Glen 1993, fifth at the 1991 Watkins Glen race, seventh at 1996 Sonoma, and tenth at the 1993 Daytona 500 and 1993 Talladega 500.In 1994, Richard Petty put <mask> in the famous No. 43 Pontiac. He was the second driver other than Petty to drive the No. 43. <mask> finished fourth at Sonoma, eighth at Talladega and tenth at Dover, but was released part way through the season. 1995 was an up-and-down year for <mask>, as he did not have a full-time ride. However, a one race deal with Bill Davis in the No.22 Pontiac almost got

masks: Dallenbach Dallenbach Dallenbach Dallenbach Dallenbach Dallenbach


title: Wally Dallenbach Jr.

texts:
 <mask> his first Cup win at Watkins Glen, but he fell in the closing laps to finish in second. The following years saw Dallenbach jumping around to different rides. He was considered one of the better road course drivers and was often recruited to drive at such tracks as Sonoma and Watkins Glen, as many drivers struggled on these more demanding tracks. In 1996 he drove the No. 15 Ford for Bud Moore Engineering, finishing sixth at the Daytona 500, third at Sonoma and tenth at Watkins Glen. Then he drove the No. 46 First Union-sponsored Chevrolet for Felix Sabates from 1997 through part of 1998, claiming a tenth-place finish at the 1997 Watkins Glen race.Later in 1998, <mask> stepped in to sub for Ricky Craven in the No. 50 Chevrolet for Hendrick Motorsports. The combination worked out well, earning three top 10s, and <mask> signed on to drive the No. 25 Chevrolet for 1999. It resulted in his best position in the standings of eighteenth with six top tens. In 2000, <mask> joined the new Galaxy Motorsports and drove the No. 75 Ford.It was a difficult season, with a best result of ninth at Watkins Glen. In addition, promised sponsor opportunities fell through, leaving Dallenbach without a ride right before the 2001 season was to begin. In fact, Dallenbach was listed in several season preview media sources, despite never attempting a single race that season. Dallenbach would also sub for Joe Nemechek in the Pocono event in 2001. Broadcasting career
Without a ride, Dallenbach took up TV commentating in 2001, covering the NASCAR races for NBC and TNT alongside Allen Bestwick (later Bill Weber, then Adam Alexander) and Benny Parsons (later Kyle Petty). In doing so, he became known for his pre-race "Wally's World" segment, where he takes celebrities for a ride around the track. The commentating also allowed Dallenbach

masks: Dallenbach Dallenbach Dallenbach Dallenbach


title: Wally Dallenbach Jr.

texts:
 to drive in a few Busch Series races and do some live commentary from the car.<mask> and Weber also teamed up to commentate several Championship Off-Road Racing events, with Dallenbach pre-running the track in a Pro-4 truck. With the NBC and TNT partnership splitting at the end of the 2006 season, <mask> stayed with TNT's new six-race package, and also reunited with Weber during NBC Champ Car broadcasts. He has since run Daytona Prototypes with his brother Paul at the 24 Hours of Daytona and in 2006, won the open wheel division at the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb with Paul finishing right behind in 2nd. On September 22, 2014, <mask> announced he would return to Trans-Am for the season finale at Daytona in the TA2 class, stating the "broadcasting phase of my life is over". Personal life
Dallenbach has been married to <mask>, who is the daughter of drag racing driver, engine builder, and team owner Bob McCall. Their daughter <mask> was a member of Richard Childress Racing's driver development program. Motorsports career results

American open–wheel results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

Complete CART Indy Car results

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time.Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time. * – Most laps led.) Winston Cup Series

Daytona 500 results

Busch Series

Craftsman Truck Series

References

External links

1963 births
American color commentators
American television sports announcers
Champ Car drivers
Indy Lights drivers
International Race of Champions drivers
Living people
Motorsport announcers
NASCAR drivers
People from Basalt, Colorado
People from East Brunswick, New Jersey
Racing drivers from Colorado
Racing drivers from New Jersey
Sportspeople from the New York metropolitan area
Trans-Am Series drivers
Hendrick

masks:
Dallenbach
Dallenbach
Dallenbach
Robin Dallenbach
Kate Dallenbach


title: Grigoriy Yablonsky

texts:
<mask> (or Yablonskii) () is an expert in the area of chemical kinetics and chemical engineering, particularly in catalytic technology of complete and selective oxidation, which is one of the main driving forces of sustainable development. His theory of complex steady-state and non-steady state catalytic reactions, is widely used by research teams in many countries of the world (USA, UK, Belgium, Germany, France, Norway and Thailand). Now, <mask> serves as an Associate Research Professor of Chemistry at Saint Louis University’s Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology and SLU’s College of Arts and Sciences. Since 2006, <mask> is an editor of the Russian-American almanac "Middle West". Some recent scientific achievements

<mask> – together with Lazman, developed the general form of steady-state kinetic description (‘kinetic polynomial’) which is a non-linear generalization of many theoretical expressions proposed previously (Langmuir – Hinshelwood and Hougen–Watson equations).<ref>M. Lazman and G.S<mask>, "Overall Reaction Rate Equation of Single Route Catalytic Reaction", Advances in Chemical Engineering, 34:47–102, 2008</ref> <mask> also created a theory of precise catalyst characterization for the advanced worldwide experimental technique (temporal analysis of products) developed by John T. Gleaves, Washington University in St. Louis.In 2008–2011, <mask> – together with Constales and Marin (Ghent University, Belgium) and Alexander Gorban (University of Leicester, UK) – obtained new results on coincidences and intersections in kinetic dependences, and found a new type of symmetry relations between the observable and initial kinetic data.G. S<mask>, D. Constales, G. Marin, "Equilibrium relationships for non-equilibrium chemical dependences", Chemical Engineering Science, 66:111–114, 2011

Recently together with Alexander Gorban he developed the theory of chemical thermodynamics and detailed balance in the limit of irreversible reactions.A.N. Gorban, E.M. Mirkes, G.S. <mask>, "Thermodynamics in the limit of irreversible reactions",

masks:
Grigoriy Yablonsky
Grigoriy Yablonsky
Yablonsky
Yablonsky
. Yablonsky
Yablonsky
Yablonsky
. Yablonsky
Yablonsky


title: Grigoriy Yablonsky

texts:
 The extended principle of detailed balance is the
characteristic property of all systems which obey the generalized mass action law and are
the limits of the systems with detailed balance when some of the reaction rate constants
tend to zero (the Gorban-Yablonsky theorem). The extended principle of detailed balance consists of two parts:

 The algebraic condition: The principle of detailed balance is valid for the reversible part. (This means that for the set of all reversible reactions there exists a positive equilibrium where all the elementary reactions are equilibrated by their reverse reactions.)The structural condition: The convex hull of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions has empty intersection with the linear span of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reactions. (Physically, this means that the irreversible reactions cannot be included in oriented cyclic pathways.) The stoichiometric vector of the reaction  is the gain minus loss vector with coordinates
. (It may be useful to recall the formal convention: the linear span of empty set is {0},
the convex hull of empty set is empty.) The extended principle of detailed balance gives an ultimate and complete answer to the following problem: How to throw away some reverse reactions without violation of thermodynamics and microscopic reversibility?'' The answer is: the convex hull of the stoichiometric vectors of the irreversible reactions should not intersect with the linear span of the stoichiometric vectors of the reversible reactions and the reaction rate constants of the remained reversible reactions should satisfy the Wegscheider identities. Career
From 1997 to 2007, Yablonsky was in the Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis as a Research Associate Professor.Since 2007, <mask> became an associate professor at Saint Louis University's Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology, as well as the Department of Chemistry. During his career, G<mask> has organised many conferences and workshops

masks:
Yablonsky
. Yablonsky


title: Grigoriy Yablonsky

texts:
 at national and international levels. He is always in the centre of interdisciplinary dialogue between mathematicians, chemists, physicists and chemical engineers. <mask> was selected in 2013 for the James B. Eads Award, which recognizes a distinguished individual for outstanding achievement in engineering or technology. Honors and awards
 Lifetime Achievement Award, in recognition of outstanding contributions to the research field of chemical kinetics, Mathematics in Chemical Kinetics and Engineering, MaCKiE, 2013
 James B. Eads Award, Academy of Science of St. Louis Outstanding Scientist Award (2013)
 Honorary Doctor Degree from the University of Ghent, Belgium (2010)
 Chevron Chair Professorship at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras (2011)
 Honorary Fellow of the Australian Institute of High Energetic Materials, Gladstone, Australia (2011)

Professional memberships and associations
Yablonsky has numerous international designations as Honorary Professor, Fellow, Doctor and Member of prestigious science academies and universities in Belgium, India, China, Russia and Ukraine. 1996 – present:	American Institute of Chemical Engineers
 2011 – present:	American Chemical Society
 2011 – present:     Member of the Scientific Council on Catalysis at the Russian Academy of Sciences
 2013 – present:     Fellow, Academy of Science of St. Louis

Notable publications
<mask> is the author of seven books, most recently of "Kinetics of Chemical Reactions: Decoding Complexity" Wiley-VCH (2011) (together with Guy B. Marin), and more than 200 papers. See also
 Temporal analysis of products
 Chemical Reaction Network Theory
 Detailed Balance

References

External links
Yablonsky's faculty profile at Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology
Yablonsky's account on Google Scholar

Living people
American chemical engineers
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Saint Louis University mathematicians
Saint Louis University faculty
Jewish scientists
1940 births
Soviet chemists
20th-century chemists
Soviet

masks: Yablonsky Yablonsky


title: Knut Storberget

texts:
<mask> (born 6 October 1964) is a Norwegian lawyer and politician for the Labour Party. He served as Minister of Justice under Jens Stoltenberg from 2005 to 2011. He is currently serving as Governor of Innlandet since 2019. Early life and education
<mask> was born in the small town of Elverum, Hedmark, on 6 October 1964. The son of forester <mask> (1921–1992) and nurse Marit Drangsholt-Salvesen (1923–1992). After completing high school, he attended the University of Oslo, graduating first in 1985, receiving an associate degree in Political science, he later received a law degree after completing law school at the same university in 1990. Political career
From 1992 to 2002 he worked as an attorney-at-law, participating in several high-profile cases, including at the supreme court.He was namely a defense attorney. On the local level he was a member of Elverum municipal council for the Labour party from 1991 to 1999. Parliament
He was first elected to the Norwegian Parliament from Hedmark in 2001, and was re-elected on three occasions. He had previously served as a deputy representative during the terms 1993–1997 and 1997–2001. In October 2005 he was appointed Minister of Justice and the Police in the second cabinet Stoltenberg. His seat in parliament was taken by Thomas Breen between 2005 and 2009, and by Thor Lillehovde between 2009 and 2011. After his resignation as minister, <mask> signaled his intention to run for reelection as member of parliament for his native Hedmark county.It had been suggested that his chance for party nomination is in jeopardy due to his support for the controversial Temporary and Agency Workers Directive. The directive is vehemently opposed by the labor unions which have significant

masks:
Knut Storberget
Storberget
Lars Storberget
Storberget


title: Knut Storberget

texts:
 influence over the nomination of Labour party candidates. On 1 December 2012, he was however renominated with acclamation and got the top spot on Hedmark Labour Partys's ballot for the 2013 election. On 14 June 2016, <mask> announced that he would not be seeking re-election in the 2017 election. On Facebook, he stated that “new forces just step in”. Minister of Justice and the Police

A long-time proponent of reforming the Norwegian policy towards narcotics and drug use, he declared in June 2010 that he no longer wants to punish drug use altogether. Using Portugal as an example of the positive effects of decriminalization of narcotics.<mask> is also a key supporter of criminal rehabilitation, having built Norway's most modern prison in Halden in 2009. The prison facility included tiled bathrooms and flat-screen TV-sets in each cell. The project received criticism for being a "luxury hotel" for criminals. Storberget rebuked the critics by declaring the prison "a beacon of light" and that Norway does not put prisoners "into cold dungeons". He also declared to have eradicated the "incarceration queue" of convicts who is waiting to serve time in prison due to prisons being full. He attributes this to reforms making the judicial system more efficient, as well as the construction of more prisons. However the Opposition claimed it is mainly caused by more early releases of convicts and thus more free cells in prison.A year later, the queue was reported to have again doubled. Governor of Innlandet
On 21 June 2017, he was nominated to become the first county governor of Innlandet county. He assumed office on 1 January 2019, a year before Hedmark and Oppland were officially merged to become Innlandet.

masks: Storberget Storberget


title: Knut Storberget

texts:
 Controversies
During Storberget's six years as cabinet minister, numerous controversies has erupted. Late political scholar Hanne Marthe Narud attributed the disproportional number of controversies to Storbergets poor planning skills. The Hijab affair
In February 2009 the National Police Directorate recommended to Storberget, who was then Minister of Justice and the Police, that the religious garment known as Hijab should be allowed used as a part of the standard police uniform. A press release from Storberget later confirmed that the new rules would be applied.The decision caused a storm of criticism and brought fierce reactions from the National Police Unions, the opposition Conservative, Progress, Centre parties and members of the government coalition. In the immediate aftermath, the press release was suddenly removed from the Justice department's website, and Storberget denied having taken a decision on the matter. Prime minister Jens Stoltenberg admitted to the Storting that the issue was not "explored" sufficiently. The issue was canceled altogether by Storberget on 20 February. During a press conference regarding the matter, journalists challenged Storberget as to whether he himself had made the decisions on the issue. Facing extreme pressure to resign, he refused to comment on who was responsible and how it could have happened, uttering the word "prosess" (lit: Process) almost forty times during the thirty-minute session. Days later he was briefly hospitalized after experiencing a "Medical episode".Analysts have noted that as <mask> was on vacation at the time, he probably did not know about the proposal or the decision to approve it, which was authored by his state secretaries Astri Aas-Hansen and


title: Knut Storberget

texts:
 Hadia Tajik. However the allegations against Aas-Hansen and Tajik have never been confirmed, and other newspapers have reported that the Minister of Justice himself may have authored the decision, leaving the two with the blame when the storm came. Allegations of coercion
A lawyer for victims of the Utøya massacre, Mette Yvonne Larsen, was telephoned by Storberget on 19 August 2011, and allegedly the minister asked her to reduce her criticism (after she publicly criticized some of actions by police during and after the massacre, and after having asked, on behalf of her clients, why police did not arrive earlier to the scene of the massacre, and asked why there was no helicopter [belonging to the Government] on standby). Storberget said that he could not remember (having called the lawyer and asking her to soften her criticism (dempe kritikken). Resignation
Facing mounting pressure in the aftermath of the 2011 Norway attacks over the state of the police and security, <mask> announced his resignation. He declared that six years as justice minister was sufficient and that he wished to focus his attention on remaining in parliament and his family. He was replaced by defense minister Grete Faremo.Bibliography
<mask>, <mask>: Miscellaneous articles
<mask>, <mask>: Legal control of alcohol policy decisions, Oslo 1993
<mask>, <mask>: Legal and alcohol policy, Oslo 1995
<mask>, <mask>: "The bear sleeps", Aschehoug Oslo 2007

References

External links

1964 births
Living people
People from Elverum
Members of the Storting
Government ministers of Norway
Labour Party (Norway) politicians
Hedmark politicians
University of Oslo alumni
Norwegian lawyers
Norwegian temperance activists
21st-century Norwegian

masks: Storberget Storberget Knut Storberget Knut Storberget Knut Storberget Knut


title: Naomi Ellemers

texts:
<mask> (born 31 January 1963 in Amsterdam) is a distinguished professor of social psychology at Utrecht University since September 2015. Career
<mask> studied social psychology at Rijksuniversiteit Groningen from 1981 to1987 and graduated in 1991 in Groningen with her thesis Identity management strategies, followed by a position as assistant professor and later as associate professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Between 1999 and 2015 she was a professor at Universiteit Leiden with the assignment  sociale psychologie van de organisatie (Social psychology of the organization). Since September 2015 she is distinguished professor at Universiteit Utrecht. In 2019 she became honorary professor at School of Psychology University of Queensland in Australia.] <mask> is since  2015 member supervisory board PricewaterhouseCoopers Nederland. She is chair of the KNAW advisory committee Breeding ground prevention of undesirable behaviour in academia.Work
<mask> researches the way people live and work together in groups. She especially focusses on how people's behaviour is influenced by others around them - whether they are present or not. She does experiments on brain activity and physical stress, but also looks into how people behave at work. Specialization: diversity & inclusion

masks:
Naomi Ellemers
Ellemers
Ellemers
Naomi Ellemers


title: Naomi Ellemers

texts:
 and integrity & ethical behaviour

In 2009, <mask> received the KNAW Merianprijs (Academy Merian Prize). A year later she received the prestigious Spinoza Prize for her work regarding her specialization. In 2018 she received the senior Career Contribution Award of Society for Personality and Social Psychology. In 2019 she received the  Aristoteles Prize from the European Federation of Psychology Associates (EFPA), as well as an honorary doctorate from the Université catholique de Louvain.In 2010, <mask> was appointed member of Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij van Wetenschappen (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) and as of 2011 she is member of Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2014 she was appointed corresponding fellow of the British Academy for the Humanities and Social Sciences, and in 2020 she was appointed member of Academia Europaea. In 2005 she together with three other prominent female professors, Ineke Sluiter, Judi Mesman en Eveline Crone, established Athena's Angels, an organization which defend the interests of women academics

<mask> is one of the lead applicants and chair of the board of the NWO Gravity Program Sustainable Cooperation (SCOOP). She is one of the initiators of The Netherlands Inclusiveness Monitor which

masks: Ellemers Ellemers Ellemers