title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts: colleagues". He made his Test debut in the five-match series against Australia, playing in three of the five Tests; his first Test coincided with W. G. Grace's last.As well as Grace, his teammates included C. B. Fry, K. S. Ranjitsinhji, and George Hirst. <mask> opened the English bowling and took four wickets for 58 in an Australian total of 252; his first Test wicket was Monty Noble (whose wicket he took again in the second innings). He was described by Wisden as bowling "steady and well" on the first day. <mask> took three wickets in the second Test, but the selectors omitted him from the third match, a decision Wisden believed was mistaken. He did not play again until the final Test, and he finished with 13 wickets in the series, equal with J. T. Hearne as England's leading Test wicket-taker for the summer. <mask> was also selected to represent the Players against the Gentlemen at Lord's for the first time that season, although W. G. Grace and C. B. Fry scored heavily against him. <mask>'s most successful seasons in terms of wickets were the three seasons from 1900 to 1902.In these years, <mask> took 725 wickets at an average of 14.07, taking five or more wickets in an innings 68 times and taking ten or more wickets in a match 21 times, assisting Yorkshire to three consecutive County Championships. In 1900, <mask> took 261 wickets as bad weather made pitches helpful to his bowling. In 1901, the weather was much better, leading to pitches that were good for batting, but <mask> took 251 wickets, an achievement described by Wisden as astonishing. Against MCC that year, <mask> scored his maiden first-class century, batting at number nine. In the

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type: original

texts: 1902 season, <mask> took 213 wickets, fewer than 1901 despite a greater number of favourable pitches in a wet summer. This attracted unfavourable comment from some critics who had expected more. The main cricket event of 1902 was the Australian tour of England.<mask> played in all five Tests and was England's leading wicket-taker with 22 wickets at an average of 15.27. He took seven for 17 in the first innings of the first Test, out of an Australian total of 36, in conditions that the umpires considered reasonable for batting; Wisden noted that <mask> and Hirst bowled very well. However, C. B. Fry believed that Hirst was more difficult to play and that while <mask> bowled well, the Australian batsmen got themselves out as they "hurried to the other end and tried to hit <mask>, without success". Rain meant the game was drawn and washed out most of the second match. In the third Test, which England lost, <mask> took five for 63, including a spell of four wickets in nineteen balls. In the fourth Test, <mask> took seven wickets in the match, taking three quick wickets in the first innings, but receiving some heavy punishment. He was batting at the end of the match, but was unable to prevent Australia from snatching victory to win by three runs and take the series.The final Test, at The Oval, was dominated by Gilbert Jessop and Hirst, but when England needed 263 to win in the final innings, <mask> came into bat after the ninth wicket fell with 15 needed for England to win. It has been claimed that Hirst said to <mask>, "We'll get 'em in singles", but neither batsman could remember those words being said and not all the runs came in singles. The two

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 Yorkshiremen were not dismissed and England won by one wicket. In 1903, <mask> scored over 1,000 runs in the season for the first time, in the process completing his first double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets. However, after bowling a large number of overs against Worcestershire early in the season, he had little success as a bowler for a spell of three weeks. Pelham Warner, a leading amateur cricketer and later captain of England, noted that <mask> was comparatively unsuccessful at the start of the year but came back well to take 193 wickets. Warner wrote that <mask> at this time was accused of being easy to face on a wicket which suited the batsmen, although Warner himself did not agree.From all-rounder to specialist batsman
Warner toured prolifically with cricket teams and was chosen to captain the first MCC-sponsored tour of Australia in the winter of 1903–04. Warner was primarily responsible for the selection of players, and he selected <mask> among his first choices for the team. Although K. S. Ranjitsinhji predicted that <mask> "would not take a dozen wickets" on the tour, Warner believed that <mask> and Hirst were the best two bowlers in England. In the event, Warner rated <mask> the "mainstay of the team", and Wisden observed that he proved critics wrong, establishing himself as the most effective bowler on the tour. The Wisden summary of the tour pointed out that rain made an unusually high number of pitches, by Australian standards, helpful for <mask>'s style of bowling, but he bowled well on all types of pitches. On the whole tour, the Yorkshire bowler took 65 first-class wickets at an average of 16.23, including 31 wickets at an


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts: average of 15.74 in the Test matches. England won the Test series 3–2 after winning the first, second and fourth games.In the first match <mask> contributed 40 runs to a tenth wicket partnership of 130 with R. E. Foster, who scored 287, to assist the team in building a large lead. This was a Test record partnership for the tenth wicket, and remained so for 70 years; until 2014, it was a record for England's 10th wicket. When Victor Trumper led an Australian fightback, scoring 185 not out, only <mask> could slow his scoring in conditions which, according to Warner, were very good for batting. Steady bowling through the innings brought <mask> figures of five for 94; Warner wrote: "what we should have done without <mask> I do not know". In the second Test, badly affected by the weather, <mask> had a match analysis of 15 wickets for 124 runs, the best bowling analysis recorded in a match between England and Australia  until 1934 and the equal highest number of wickets taken in a match by a single player at that time (although other players had given away fewer runs). Rain made the pitch very difficult to bat on, but Wisden praised <mask> and observed that  eight catches were dropped from his bowling. His eight for 68 in the second innings remained his best figures in Tests.Australia won the third Test, but the decisive fourth Test was won by England and <mask> contributed with bat and ball. In the first innings, while the crowd chanted in an attempt to distract him, he took four for 33 as the last five Australian wickets fell for 17 runs in favourable batting conditions. Later, <mask> added 55 for the tenth wicket in the second innings with his


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts: captain. However, he was less effective as England lost the final Test. <mask> believed that the 1903–04 tour was a turning point in his career as a bowler and that afterwards he was never the same. Part of the reason was a change in his bowling style. He had noticed that it was necessary for him to bowl faster in Australia to be effective, and on his return to England he continued with this faster style until the First World War.<mask> thought that another reason for his relative bowling decline was the development of his batting which took up much of his time. His biographer, Sidney Rogerson, speculates that further deterioration may have been caused by the strain of regular bowling on his fingers and wrist, and his more robust, muscular frame in his mid-twenties. Rogerson believes that <mask> was affected by the break-up of the successful Yorkshire team which had peaked between 1900 and 1902. More batting responsibility was placed on his shoulders, and he received less support in the field as the team personnel changed. Consequently, <mask> scored more runs and moved further up the batting order after 1903, but his bowling gradually declined until the war. In 1904, <mask> took 131 wickets, the fewest in a season of his career to date. He scored 1,537 runs, including two hundreds (the second and third of his career) to complete his second double.He generally batted at number six or seven in the batting order, but in two games he opened the batting. In 1905, Yorkshire won the Championship; <mask> again completed the double, with 1,581 runs, his two hundreds including a double hundred. He took 182 wickets, but Wisden judged that he was not as

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texts: dangerous a bowler on slow wickets as he had been. <mask> played in four of the five Tests against Australia that year. He scored 29 and 39 not out in the first Test, but in the second, suffered an injured finger which reduced his effectiveness and caused him to miss the next Test. In the fourth Test, <mask> took five wickets in the match, including three for 36 in the second innings. However, the England captain, Stanley Jackson, showed, in the words of Wisden, "a curious want of faith in <mask>", even though he was bowling well.His fielding was singled out for praise as he took four catches, two of them regarded as brilliant. England eventually won the series 2–0; <mask> contributed 146 runs, at an average of 48.66 and a top score of 39 not out, and ten wickets at an average of 31.40. The relative deterioration in <mask>'s bowling continued into the 1906 season when Wisden commented that he had lost his sharp spin and was not dangerous on a hard wicket. <mask> scored 1,721 runs, now regularly opening the batting, and completed another double with 128 wickets, but the Wisden correspondent did not believe this compensated for his lost bowling. In 1907, <mask> scored fewer runs and increased his bowling aggregate, securing 173 wickets in a wet season. Wisden believed his greater bowling success was due to a reduced batting contribution, but he still completed the double by scoring 1,045 runs. During that season, <mask> was again asked to open the batting for Yorkshire and he was chosen as the permanent replacement for John Tunnicliffe as Yorkshire's opening batsman.Several batsmen had been tried in the position, but <mask>'s superior defensive


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts: technique with the bat secured him the role. Despite the increase in wickets, <mask> was not picked for any of the Tests that year against South Africa, Colin Blythe being preferred. <mask> and Blythe both went to Australia the following winter (1907–08) with MCC, but <mask> was now regarded primarily as a batsman and only a "change" bowler who would be the third or fourth used. In the five Test series, lost 4–1 by England, <mask> scored 205 runs at an average of 20.50, including his first Test fifty in the fourth innings of the last Test. He took four for 102 in Australia's second innings of that Test, and finished the Test series with seven wickets at an average of 60.14. In all first-class matches on the tour, <mask> scored 929 runs at an average of 48.89 and took 31 wickets at an average of 34.48. He followed this with another double in 1908 of 1,660 runs and 106 wickets as Yorkshire won the County Championship.In 1909, <mask> scored 2,094 runs at an average of 40.26, which was to remain his second highest run aggregate and average for an English cricket season, and took 141 wickets. Sidney Rogerson believed that this season marked the completion of his transformation into a batsman. This view was supported by Wisden, which judged that he had "now become such an exceptionally good batsman that the regret one used to feel at his ever giving his mind to run getting has lost its force." He played in four of the five Tests against Australia in 1909;  his omission from the second Test was later described as an error of judgement by the editor of Wisden, one of many selectorial blunders as England lost the series two games to one. <mask> scored 168

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 runs at an average of 33.60, and took 11 wickets at an average of 22.00. In the first Test, he had a quiet time, scoring an unbeaten 15, batting at number eight, and bowling only one over. Recalled for the third Test, <mask> bowled a spell in which four wickets were captured for seven runs, before being hit for four fours in one over by Trumper.His first innings figures were four for 38 and he took another two wickets for 44 runs in the second innings. In the fourth Test, Wisden believed that <mask> alone bowled well on the second day, taking five for 83. Although moved up the order to bat at number five, he scored just five runs in the match. In the final Test, he batted at number three and scored two fifties, 66 and 54, adding 104 in the first innings with C. B. Fry and another 61 to save the game with the same batsman in the second. Opening batsman

In the 1909–10 English winter, MCC toured South Africa with a team below full Test strength. <mask> opened the batting throughout the tour, partnering Jack Hobbs for the first time. However, Wisden stated that only Hobbs would have been sure of his batting place in a full strength England team, and that both <mask> and David Denton, the next best batsmen, were a long way behind Hobbs.In all first-class matches, <mask> scored 499 runs at an average of 26.26, with three fifties, and took 21 wickets at 25.47. In the Test series, which South Africa won 3–2, <mask> took only two wickets in the five games. As a batsman, however, he  shared some large partnerships with Hobbs. England lost the first two Tests, although in the first <mask> and Hobbs put on 159 for the first wicket, of which <mask> made 66. In


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texts: the second Test the pair put on 94 in the first innings and 48 in the second, <mask> made little impact on the third and fourth Tests; in the final Test, an England victory, he and Hobbs scored 221 together, <mask> making what was then his highest Test score of 77. Wisden stated that while overshadowed by the brilliance of Hobbs, <mask> in this innings batted without mistakes. In the five Tests <mask> scored 226 runs,  averaging 25.11.During the tour <mask> and Hobbs developed mutual trust while batting together, to the point where they could score runs without having to call to each other. This degree of understanding was unusual at the time. After the Test series ended, several amateur members of the team wanted to extend the tour into Rhodesia, but the professionals refused to take part as their contracts did not cover this and they would have effectively played for no wages. <mask>, although not the ring-leader, was influential in this strike, and a sports newspaper, Winning Post, singled him out as responsible in an article highly critical of him and the other professionals. In the 1910 domestic season <mask> was less productive in batting and bowling, and Yorkshire finished only eighth in the County Championship, a result considered very poor within the county. <mask> scored 1,465 runs at an average of 26.63, and took 88 wickets at an average of 18.98, the first time since the start of his career that he had taken less than 100 wickets in an English season. In 1911, when Yorkshire finished seventh in the County Championship, it was a fine, dry summer, which meant generally good batting wickets.<mask> was more productive with 2,261 runs, the


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 second and final time that he  passed 2,000 runs in an English summer, and the highest season's total of his career. He averaged 38.32 with the bat, and took 117 wickets. <mask> was given a benefit match against Lancashire from which he received £750. After Yorkshire launched an appeal, the total was boosted to £2,200, still considerably less than the record benefit total of £3,703 raised for George Hirst in 1904. Batting success in Australia
In September 1911 <mask> made his third visit to Australia, this time as the opening partner of Jack Hobbs. The tour proved to be the "absolute pinnacle of his success as a batsman", according to Rogerson. Under the captaincy of Johnny Douglas, England won the 1911–12 Test series against Australia 4–1, after losing the first Test.While the success of the tourists was attributed to their powerful bowling attack, C. B. Fry described the English victories as "a succession of triumphs for Jack Hobbs and <mask> as first wicket batsmen." Pelham Warner, who was nominally captain but missed the entire series due to illness, said that in "innings after innings they [Hobbs and <mask>] gave us a wonderful start", adding that he had run out of words to praise their contributions. In the first Test, the only one of the series in which he did not open, <mask> made 41 and 0 in England's defeat. In the second match, opening with Hobbs, <mask> scored 61 in the first innings, passing 1,000 Test career runs in the process. Wisden recorded that apart from <mask> and J. W. Hearne, with whom he shared a century partnership, the batting was very disappointing. In the second innings, <mask> added 57 for the first wicket with Hobbs,


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 helping England to an eight-wicket victory. In the next Test <mask> scored 59 out of an opening partnership of 147 with Hobbs, and 57 not out as England won again, this time by seven wickets.In the fourth Test, which England won overwhelmingly to take the series, <mask> scored 179 as he and Hobbs scored 323 for the first wicket. At the time, this was a Test record partnership for any wicket. As of 2015, it remains England's highest first wicket partnership against Australia. This was <mask>'s first Test century, and remained his highest Test score. Wisden commented that  his seven-hour innings was "a remarkable display of careful batting." In the final Test victory <mask> put on 76 with Hobbs in the second innings, to finish the series with 463 runs at an average of 57.87, the best series average of his career. On the tour as a whole, he scored 1,098 runs at an average of 54.90, but he did not take a single first-class wicket; in the Tests he only bowled 18 overs.Triangular tournament

On their return home for the 1912 season England, captained by C. B. Fry, were involved in the first-ever triangular Test tournament, consisting of matches between England, Australia and South Africa. This experiment was severely affected by wet weather, the weakness of the South African side, and a dispute among the Australian side which resulted in substandard team being sent. <mask> played as Hobbs' opening partner in each of England's six matches and once again won praise from Wisden. In England's first match, a victory against South Africa, <mask> scored 36, his steady defence being described as invaluable. In the following drawn game against Australia, Hobbs


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 and <mask> scored 112 for the first wicket. <mask> scored 59, his first 52 runs being scored out of a total of 77 before he slowed down; Wisden reported that the later part of his innings was "as cautious as the first part was brilliant". Later in the match <mask> bowled and took three wickets for 59, his only bowling success of the tournament.After a quiet second match against South Africa, <mask> scored 92 out of a total of 203 in a rain-ruined game against Australia. The difficult batting conditions were such that Fry described <mask> as "digging his runs out of the slush." <mask> had another poor match against South Africa, but in the final match against Australia, which would decide the winner of the tournament, <mask> scored 49 in an opening stand of 107 with Hobbs in the first innings, considered a great achievement in testing batting conditions. England went on to win in the match and hence the tournament. <mask> had scored 204 runs at an average of 51.00 against Australia, but only 53 runs at an average of 13.25 against the South Africans. In all first-class matches that summer, <mask> scored 1,576 runs (averaging 30.90), and took 53 wickets (average 21.98), his lowest total of wickets in an English season, and only the second time since 1903 that he had not completed the double. Last pre-war seasons
<mask> again failed to complete the double in 1913, scoring 1,963 runs (average 32.71) and taking 86 wickets (average 21.88).In the 1913–14 English winter, <mask> went to South Africa with the MCC under the captaincy of  Douglas. A strong England side won the five-match series 4–0 against weak opposition. <mask> scored 731 runs in first-class

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title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts: matches, averaging 34.80, and took 31 wickets at 21.35, which led Wisden to comment on his value as an all-rounder. In the second Test <mask> took one wicket, his 100th in Test matches, and completed the double of 1,000 runs and 100 wickets in Tests; the first England player to do so, he was only the third player to reach the double after Australians George Giffen and Monty Noble. In the same match, <mask> made his second and final Test century, scoring 152 and adding 141 for the first wicket with Albert Relf. He batted for more than five hours, and Wisden said that he "was too cautious to please the crowd, but his steadiness was invaluable to his side." His batting was overshadowed, as Sydney Barnes took 17 wickets in the match.<mask> resumed his opening partnership with Hobbs in the third Test, sharing a stand of 100, followed by opening partnerships of 92 and 133 in the fourth Test, the only drawn match of the series. In this match <mask> took three wickets for 33 in the first South African innings. In all Tests on the tour <mask> scored 289 runs at an average of 41.28 and took six wickets (average 32.50). In the final season before the First World War, <mask> scored 1,377 runs. Yorkshire used him more often as a bowler and his tally of wickets consequently increased to 118, enabling him to complete another double. Following the outbreak of war in August 1914, first-class cricket came to an end for four years. While many cricketers joined the army  <mask>, like George Hirst and Schofield Haigh, went to work in a munitions factory in Huddersfield.He and  Hirst were paid by Yorkshire to be available to play in war-time cricket matches on a certain


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 number of Saturdays. Career after the First World War

Leading bowler again
When cricket resumed after the war in 1919, no-one was sure how popular county cricket would be and so the County Championship matches were reduced to two days instead of three. However, critics and players judged the experiment  a failure, owing to the long hours of play and frequent travelling which arose from playing up to three games a week; <mask> and other players were also dissatisfied by wages offered. Yorkshire won the championship with a much-changed side from that which had played in 1914. The bowling attack was weaker: Hirst's age lessened his effectiveness with the ball, Major Booth was killed in the war, and Alonzo Drake died from illness in January 1919. Consequently, <mask> decided to make up the shortfall by resuming full-time bowling. With increased practice, he took more wickets and regained his confidence.Although unable to spin or flight the ball as well as previously, <mask> bowled a very accurate length and used his great experience effectively. The  success of Percy Holmes and Herbert Sutcliffe as opening batsmen meant that, although <mask> began the season opening the batting, he was able to move down the order and bat at number four. He scored 1,237 runs, and by taking 164 wickets at an average of 14.42, finished top of the national first-class bowling averages. Around this time, <mask> was approached by Haslingden Cricket Club from the Lancashire League, to play cricket for them as a professional. <mask>, primarily through unhappiness with the 1919 playing conditions, seriously considered the offer before he declined. Some of his concerns were


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 addressed before the following season, when matches returned to three days and wages were increased. In the following season, <mask> scored 1,123 runs, took 161 wickets at an average of 13.18, and was chosen to go to Australia with the 1920–21 MCC touring team.Australian tour, 1920–21

As English cricket had not fully recovered from the effects of the war, the team which toured Australia was weak in bowling. Confronted by a far better Australian side  than anyone had expected, England lost all five Test matches, an unprecedented result that Wisden regarded as a "disaster". <mask> now played for Yorkshire as a middle-order batsman and front-line bowler but England's captain Douglas showed uncertainty whether to use <mask> in this capacity, or to revert to his pre-war role as Hobbs's opening partner. Until the first Test <mask> batted mainly down the order; after this he returned to opening the batting. On the tour <mask> scored two centuries, one a double-century, totalling in all 730 runs in all first-class matches at an average of 38.42. Although a leading bowler in England in 1919 and 1920, <mask> bowled infrequently and with limited success. After taking six for 39 against Victoria in helpful conditions, he rarely bowled, and took only 18 first-class wickets (averaging 26.61) on the tour.In the Tests, <mask> scored 238 runs at an average of 23.80, with a highest score of 73 in the fourth Test. In the first Test, a score of 45 took him past 2,000 Test runs. As a bowler, <mask> took four Test wickets in the series at an average of 61.25; his best figures were three for 61 in the third Test. <mask> later said that Douglas was reluctant to use him,


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 believing his bowling would be ineffective on Australian pitches. Wisden commented: "It must be said, however, that in a summer of continuous sunshine – remarkable even for Australia – the bowlers received no help." Nevertheless, much of <mask>'s tour, according to A. A. Thomson, "may be fairly regarded as failure."Tour manager and Yorkshire secretary Frederick Toone, with whom <mask> had already had a disagreement during the 1920 season, apparently said that "<mask>'s finished", a remark later reported to <mask>. Senior professional
The 1921 season was a turning point for <mask> for several reasons. His regular England career ended during the visit of the Australians. The tourists, as Wisden reported, overwhelmed England, exposing many weaknesses in the team, and reduced the English selectors to "catch[ing] at straws". 30 players were used in the five-match Test series, which England lost by three matches to none. <mask> played in the first Test, scored 19 and 10 and took two wickets in a heavy defeat. Although his performance was no worse than that of others, he was dropped from the team for the rest of the series and did not play another Test for five years.At the time, it was suggested his place was lost because he was uncomfortable against the fast bowling of Jack Gregory and Ted McDonald, who devastated and demoralised many English batsmen during the season. As a result of these problems with pace bowling <mask> altered his batting stance to  use the "two-eyed stance"; instead of using the traditional technique of standing at right angles to the bowler, the batsman turned his body towards the bowler. Critics complained that this method was

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texts: ugly; it restricted the shots that could be made, and led to some batsmen using their pads  as an extra form of defence to stop the ball hitting the wicket. According to his Wisden obituary, <mask> was one of the first men to adopt this batting stance. <mask> faced a further development following the retirements of Hirst and Denton from Yorkshire; he became the county's senior professional. This position offered no official powers or responsibilities but was nevertheless significant as senior professionals influenced tactics, strategy and morale. <mask> held this post until his retirement.In all first-class cricket in 1921, <mask> scored 1,474 runs at an average of 39.83. This included his highest first-class score of 267 not out against Leicestershire, struck on the day England began the second Test, having just dropped <mask>. <mask>'s private team; <mask> repeated this trip every year until 1927, sometimes accompanied by other players. On five occasions in India he completed a 1,000 runs and 100 wickets double, although most of these games were not first-class. In each of the four seasons from 1922 to 1925, Yorkshire won the County Championship. <mask> scored over 1,000 runs each year, averaging over 30 except in 1924; in 1925 his average was 40.91, only the second time it exceeded 40 in an English cricket season.<mask>, by now part of a very powerful county bowling attack, was usually the fourth or fifth bowler used. Although he imparted less spin to the ball than in his younger days, he continually bowled a good length and placed fielders in positions which very effectively blocked the scoring opportunities of the batsmen. He took over 100

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 wickets in 1922, 1923 and 1924, but took only 57 in 1925, a very good year for batting. As Yorkshire's senior professional <mask> was very influential in this period. He cultivated a hostile attitude among the bowlers, directed the team tactically and raised its standard of fielding. Alan Hill wrote that Yorkshire captains (who were usually poor cricketers) generally deferred to <mask> as senior professional; for example, Arthur Lupton, captain from 1925 to 1927, "very wisely left the cricket affairs to the joint supervision of <mask> and Emmott Robinson." Stories emerged that he was an "overmighty subject", arranging the positions of fielders and changing the bowler without reference to his nominal captain.In one story, Yorkshire had scored around 400. Lupton, hoping to score some easy runs, came out of the amateur dressing room with his bat when a young professional touched his arm and said, "It's all right, sir. Mr <mask> has declared [the innings over]." However, all the captains to whom biographer Sidney Rogerson spoke mentioned their good relations with <mask>, although they agreed that he could be difficult. Beverley Lyon, who captained Gloucestershire between 1929 and 1934, criticised <mask> for insisting young professionals take the game seriously, thus promoting a no-risk attitude. Recalled for the Oval
Reviewing the 1925 season, Wisden commented on <mask>'s age and reduced performance. "In the nature of things, <mask>, approaching the completion of his 48th year, could not be expected to prove very deadly in a dry summer ...If less effective in bowling, he did fine work with the bat". However, in 1926, Wisden reported that, despite his


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texts: age and in contrast to the other bowlers in the team, <mask> "came out in wonderful form ... [His] triumph delighted everybody ... He not only accomplished skilful work in bowling but made his thousand runs [in county matches] with an average of 40." <mask> doubled his wicket tally from 1925, taking 115 at an average of 14.86. In all first-class matches he scored 1,132 runs  (average 34.30), the final time he passed 1,000 runs in a season, and completed his 16th and final double. In 1926 the Australians toured England for the first time since 1921. The English selectors decided to add two professional cricketers to their committee, choosing <mask> and Jack Hobbs.With <mask> in such good form and leading the bowling averages, the selectors tried to convince him to play for England on several occasions through the season but he refused on the grounds that younger men should be chosen. The first four Tests were all drawn; the selectors were conscious, as England entered the final Test, the team had won only one of its previous 19 matches against Australia. The deciding game, at the Oval, was to be played to a finish no matter how long it took. The selectors dropped the captain, Arthur Carr, and replaced him with the inexperienced Percy Chapman. They also recalled <mask>, aged nearly 49, having finally overcome his objections. According to Wisden, the selection of <mask> "naturally occasioned a good deal of surprise". England batted first, but made a disappointing total of 280; <mask>, batting at number seven, scored 28.In the Australian innings of 302 <mask> bowled 25 overs and took two wickets for 35, helped by a worn area on the pitch which helped


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 him to spin the ball. He later described feeling nervous when first bowling, but said that he was heartened by the warm welcome he received from the crowd. After the start of England's second innings an overnight thunderstorm soaked the pitch, leaving it very difficult to bat on next day. However,  Hobbs and Sutcliffe put on 172 runs for the first wicket and England eventually scored 436, leaving Australia to make 415 to win in unfavourable conditions for batting. <mask> quickly began taking wickets, and went on to take four for 44. Australia were bowled out for 125, and amid widespread jubilation, England won the series and  Ashes. Wisden's judged <mask>'s selection to be "crowned with complete success", his bowling  "proving no small factor in determining the issue of the struggle."The Wisden editor believed <mask> had shown himself still to be England's best bowler and called his triumph  "immensely popular." Late career

<mask> continued to play for Yorkshire until 1930, but averaged under 30 with the bat in each season and only scored one more hundred, in 1928. He failed to reach 1,000 runs in  a season again, but as a bowler he took 85 wickets in 1927, 115  in 1928 and 100  in 1929. In 1927 the Yorkshire committee opened a public testimonial for <mask>, donating £250 themselves; it eventually raised £1,821, During the 1927 season, he played his 1,000th first-class match when Yorkshire played Nottinghamshire on 23 July, becoming the first and, as of 2015, only cricketer to play so many first-class matches. On 10 May 1929, he became the first man to take 4,000 first-class wickets during a match against Oxford University. As of 2015, no other

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title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts:
 player has taken so many wickets. By 1927, Yorkshire wished to appoint a more competent and permanent captain, instead of continuing the succession of ineffective amateurs, and planned to ask Herbert Sutcliffe, a professional, to take the post.Frederick Toone encouraged <mask> to offer his resignation as senior professional, possibly with a view to installing a new regime, but <mask> declined. Meanwhile, the proposed appointment of Sutcliffe caused controversy; some members of the county believed <mask> should be appointed. <mask> pointed out he had not been offered the captaincy, nor had his views been sought. He felt unappreciated when he was not offered first refusal of the captaincy. A poll of Yorkshire members showed a marked preference for <mask> over Sutcliffe as captain; the disagreements persuaded Sutcliffe to decline the offer, and another amateur was appointed. In 1929–30, <mask> was selected in a MCC team, containing several veteran players,  to tour West Indies—<mask> described it as an "old crocks" team. Given a heavy workload with the ball,  he took 39 first-class wickets, averaging 24.28, and scored 129 runs at an average of 25.80 with a top score 36.In the four Test matches <mask> took ten wickets at an average of 45.30. On 12 April 1930, the last day of the final Test, <mask> was 52 years, 165 days, making him the oldest ever Test cricketer. Retirement and coaching
During the 1930 season, <mask> announced his intention to retire from cricket at the end of the summer. He was finding it harder to take wickets, and the workload placed on him in the West Indies had  decreased his enthusiasm for the game. By this time, Hedley Verity

masks: Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts: and Bill Bowes had emerged to strengthen the Yorkshire bowling. Through an ex-captain of Yorkshire, Harrow School offered <mask> the post of  professional cricket coach, which he accepted. <mask> missed several matches towards the end of the 1930 season, before ending his career at the Scarborough Festival.His last match was for H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI against the Australians, where his figures were five for 93; he took a wicket with his last ball in first-class cricket. <mask>'s figures for his final season were 73 wickets at an average of 19.10 and 478 runs at an average of 22.76. Over his career <mask> appeared in 1,110 first-class matches, which remains a world record. In these games he scored 39,969 runs, the 17th highest career total of any batsman. He took 4,204 wickets, a record total in first-class cricket. In his 58 Tests <mask> scored 2,325 runs (average 30.19) and took 127 wickets (average 26.96). He was the first player in the world to accumulate 2,000 runs and 100 wickets in Tests.<mask> coached at Harrow School until 1936. Cricket was very important to the school, and they were following the lead of Eton College who had appointed George Hirst as their coach. However, <mask>'s personality and generally critical nature did not communicate well with privileged schoolboys who were accustomed to getting their own way, and he was eventually replaced with the more genial and sympathetic Middlesex professional Patsy Hendren. This was in contrast to the success Hirst enjoyed at Eton. According to Bowes, <mask> had vast technical knowledge, but unlike Hirst did not know how to get the best out of people. "[He] could not relate to


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts:
 beginners. But if you were a Test match player looking to get advice, <mask> was superb."Style and personality

As a bowler, <mask> was recognised by critics as one of the greatest slow bowlers of all time. Very effective at dismissing batsmen on difficult pitches, it was difficult to score runs from his bowling even on a good batting surface. He could make the ball turn if the pitch offered the slightest assistance, particularly if it had been affected by rain. Cricket writer E. W. Swanton described how <mask> had "a beautifully controlled, economical and rhythmical action which ensured supreme accuracy of length and direction. He was a master of the stock left-hander's spin and could vary it with the ball that came on with the arm." In his early years as a bowler, <mask> was able to spin the ball very sharply, and while this ability decreased in later years, he became expert at working out a batsman's weaknesses. Critics considered him expert at flighting the ball; Neville Cardus wrote that "Flight was his secret.Flight and the curving line, now higher, now lower, tempting, inimical; every ball like every other ball, yet somehow unlike; each over in collusion with the others, part of a plot ..." In the early part of his career, his bowling partnership with Hirst, who shared <mask>'s Kirkheaton birthplace, was particularly effective and established a formidable reputation. As time passed, his accuracy increased to the extent that it seemed every ball landed in exactly the same place. In his first five seasons, he was top of the national bowling averages twice and in second place three times, while in the first six seasons after the war, he was

masks: Wilfred Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes Rhodes


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts: first four times and second once. In his whole career, he only fell outside the top 20 in the bowling averages in four seasons. <mask> claimed that he preferred batting to bowling. A right-handed batsman with a good defensive technique, <mask> was a strong driver of the ball who scored more quickly in the earlier part of his career. Analysts maintained that <mask> had only two or three effective shots, though his technique was good.Cricket writer E. W. Swanton described <mask> as a "craftsman rather than an artist". Neville Cardus, in his obituary of <mask>, said that the Yorkshireman "made himself into a batsman by practice and hard thinking", and that while often "dour and parsimonious", he was capable  of hitting out. After changing to the two-eyed stance more of his runs came on the leg-side; in later years, <mask> often used his pads rather than play a shot, a tactic generally regarded as negative. A feature of his batting career was his successful opening partnership with Hobbs, particularly their enterprise in running between the wickets. In his career, he scored over 190 in an innings five times and twice scored centuries in each innings of a match. Although <mask>'s primary function varied between bowler and batsman, he recorded 16 doubles to establish a record for any cricketer. When <mask> was involved in matches, Cardus believed that "he was not a man given to affability", showing annoyance on the field and being critical of the performances of others.According to historian Anthony Woodhouse, <mask> was a "dour, methodical and calculating cricketer." Not popular in the way that a player like Hirst was popular, <mask> "commanded respect


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts:
 rather than plaudits" in the words of Bowes. An introvert, he did not always get along with the more extrovert Hirst, possibly owing to mutual jealousy and some of Hirst's jocular comments, and was rarely pictured smiling. However, <mask> became more relaxed and approachable in later life, particularly after his eyesight failed. Cardus was surprised, after meeting him in 1950, at how much more readily <mask> engaged in conversation, commenting that "history comes from his mouth in rivers". His obituary in The Times concluded: "Gruff or mellow, he was all of a piece, a fighting Yorkshireman, superbly gifted." Personal life
In October 1899, <mask>, aged 22, married Sarah Elizabeth Stancliffe, who lived in Kirkheaton and was two years his senior.They lived in a farmhouse, shared with other people, at Bog Hall near Kirkheaton. On 25 August 1902 his wife gave birth to a daughter, their only child. <mask> found Yorkshire's dealings with money to be ungenerous; following his benefit in 1911 Yorkshire, as was their custom, paid only one-third of the money to <mask> and kept back the rest to invest on his behalf, only paying out the interest. <mask> considered this to be unfair; however, he was able to use the money to build a stone house at Marsh, Huddersfield, which his family moved into in the autumn of 1912. He lived there until 1956. From around 1936 <mask>'s sight began to fail, and on the outbreak of war in 1939 he was unable to take up a wartime job. Eventually a specialist diagnosed glaucoma, but at that stage nothing could be done.<mask> was still able to see well enough to watch cricket and play golf, although by 1946 he was unable to read a


title: Wilfred Rhodes

texts:
 newspaper. Another specialist was consulted in 1951 and an operation performed, but by 1952 <mask> was completely blind. The build-up of pain led  to the removal of his left eyeball in 1958. In 1950, <mask> suffered a heart attack, which limited the help she could give to her husband; in 1954 she died a few months before her 80th birthday. <mask> then sold his house at Marsh and moved in with his daughter and her husband, with whom he later moved to Bournemouth. He continued to attend cricket matches where he was able to follow the play despite his blindness, and was frequently sought out by cricketers and asked for his advice or opinion. <mask> was given honorary life membership of Yorkshire in 1946, and of the MCC in 1949.When given membership of the MCC, along with other old professionals, <mask> reacted characteristically; rather than showing pleasure, he responded, "I don't rightly know what it means yet." He died in 1973, aged 95. In 2009, <mask> was inducted into the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. References

Bibliography

External links

English cricketers
England Test cricketers
English cricketers of 1890 to 1918
English cricketers of 1919 to 1945
Wisden Cricketers of the Year
Yorkshire cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Europeans cricketers
North v South cricketers
Players cricketers
People from Kirkheaton
1877 births
1973 deaths
People of the Victorian era
Wisden Leading Cricketers in the World
Blind people from England
H. D. G. Leveson Gower's XI cricketers
Patiala cricketers
Over 30s v Under 30s cricketers
Lord Hawke's XI cricketers
C. I. Thornton's XI cricketers
Lord Londesborough's XI cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club

masks:
Rhodes
Sarah Rhodes
Rhodes
Rhodes
Rhodes
Rhodes


title: Ralph Clark

texts:
Lieutenant <mask> (30 March 1755 or 1762 – June 1794) was a British officer in the Royal Marines, best known for his diary spanning the early years of British settlement in Australia, including the voyage of the First Fleet. Born in Edinburgh, Scotland, <mask> saw service in the American Revolutionary War before volunteering for the voyage to Australia. Arriving in New South Wales in January 1788, he filled a number of roles in the newly established colony, including serving on picket duty, guarding convicts, and on the Criminal Court. Having been temporarily promoted to the rank of first lieutenant, <mask> was sent to Norfolk Island aboard HMS Sirius in March 1790, which was subsequently wrecked off the island's coast. After a period on the island, he returned to England aboard HMS Gorgon, arriving in June 1792, and was then posted to the West Indies to fight in the French Revolutionary Wars, dying in a battle off the coast of Hispaniola in June 1794. <mask>'s diaries, although never intended to be published, provide some of the most personal information about the early convict era in Australia, and are currently held by the State Library of New South Wales. Biography
<mask> was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, to Ann (née Man) and <mask>.He enlisted as a second lieutenant in the 27th Company of the Royal Marines on 25 August 1779, having previously been in the "Dutch service". <mask> saw service in the American Revolutionary War, and at the end of his service returned to live in London, although he was assigned to the Portsmouth division of the marines. Having transferred to the 6th Company in 1783, he married Betsy Alicia Trevan, of Efford, Devon, on 23 June 1784, with a son, <mask> <mask>, born on 23 August 1785. In order to further his chances for promotion (and thus a higher salary), <mask> volunteered to serve in the New South Wales Marine Corps, which accompanied the First Fleet,

masks:
Ralph Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
Clark
George Clark
Clark
Ralph Stuart
Clark
Clark


title: Ralph Clark

texts: which was transporting convicts to a penal colony that was to be established in New South Wales. He was posted to the Friendship, which held mainly female convicts. Arriving with the fleet in January 1788, <mask> filled a number of roles in the colony, from guarding convicts to occasionally serving on the Criminal Court, which he heavily disliked. When not on duty, he went fishing and shooting, collecting a number of specimens which he sent back to England.To supplement their meagre rations, officers were allowed to keep vegetable gardens, which were tended by convicts. <mask> established one such garden on a small island in Port Jackson, which would subsequently be known as Clark Island. To provide some entertainment for the colony, <mask> was asked by the governor, Arthur Phillip, to stage a play using convict actors, with The Recruiting Officer chosen as the play to be performed. He and the convicts' experiences were later the subject of a novel, The Playmaker, by Thomas Keneally, and a play, Our Country's Good, by Timberlake Wertenbaker. <mask> was also quite friendly with local Aboriginal tribes (specifically the Eora), particularly compared to some of his companions. At one point, in February 1790, he was asked by the governor to "capture" two Aboriginal tribesmen who he had traded with earlier, but refused for fear their children would starve. Following the death of Captain John Shea in February 1789, <mask> was promoted to fill his role, and temporarily given the rank of first lieutenant by Major Robert Ross.The following year, he was chosen to sail to Norfolk Island with Ross, departing Sydney aboard HMS Sirius on 6 March 1790. Owing to the lack of a natural harbour on the island, Sirius was forced to anchor off the coast, and land men and stores via smaller boats. The ship was wrecked on an offshore reef shortly afterward, although no lives were lost. On Norfolk Island,

masks: Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark


title: Ralph Clark

texts:
 <mask> was made quartermaster general and keeper of the stores at Sydney Bay, and was later put in charge of the settlement at Charlotte Field. In April 1791, he was responsible for laying out the settlement at Queensborough. During his time on the island, <mask> impregnated a female convict, Mary Branham, with a daughter, Alicia (named after <mask>'s wife), born in July 1791. After a further period on the island, <mask> was sent back to Sydney, arriving in December 1791 accompanied by Branham, and then back to England on HMS Gorgon, arriving in June 1792.Upon his return, he was posted to the 100th Company, based in Chatham, Kent. Although the appointment was made in October 1792, he did not join the company until January the following year, possibly due to illness or an extended period of leave. <mask> left for the West Indies in May 1793, aboard HMS Tartar, bringing his eight-year-old son with him to serve as a midshipman. <mask>'s wife died early in 1794, whilst giving birth to a stillborn child. <mask> himself was killed in action some time in June 1794 off the coast of Hispaniola, while his son died of yellow fever towards the end of the same month. Diary
Spanning a period from 9 March 1787 to 17 June 1792, although with occasional gaps, <mask>'s diaries are some of the most personal writings still in existence from the early history of the colonisation of Australia. His original journal is thought to have contained three notebooks, although the second of these, spanning the period from 11 March 1788 to 14 February 1790, is thought to have been lost.<mask> also had a letterbook, in which many of his letters, both to his family and to other officers, were pasted. These letters were generally written in a more formal style. After his death, <mask>'s diaries and papers were preserved by his wife's family in Devon. They were auctioned by his great-nephew, Frederick Adolphus Trevan,

masks: Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark Clark


title: Ralph Clark

texts: at Sotheby's in London in May 1914, along with some of the letters of Captain Cook. Purchased by the State Library of New South Wales as three separate volumes, the journal was disbound during the 1920s and compiled into a single volume. However, in 2002, funded by the Nelson Meers Foundation, the pages were removed from their mounts and rebound into four volumes with soft vellum covers. The diary was also digitised.The journal is written in ink on thin, unruled diary paper, and is 312 pages in length. Leaving his wife and son, <mask> began the first of his diaries a month before the First Fleet departed Portsmouth, on 13 May 1787. The writing in the diaries is very personal and informal, and was never intended for publication. <mask> was extremely homesick, and longed to see his wife and son, writing as early as the second day of the voyage: "Oh my God all my hoppes [sic] are over of seeing my beloved wife and son". Like many of his fellow officers, he was aggrieved at the level of comfort and support offered to the convicts, noting "I believe few Marines or Soldiers going out on a foreign Service under Government were ever better, if so well provided for as these Convicts are". On arrival in Botany Bay, <mask> was dismayed at the unsuitable conditions, which were far from what had been promised in England: "if we are obliged to settle here there will not a soul be alive in the course of a year". With the site for settlement subsequently moved to Sydney Cove, <mask> remained distressed by the living conditions experienced by himself and his fellow officers, expressing in a letter to his family in England: "I never slept worse, my dear wife, than I did last night, what with the hard cold ground, spiders, ants and every vermin you can think of was crawling over me".During the colony's early years, little food was produced, and the rations brought from England were soon consumed,

masks: Clark Clark Clark Clark


title: Ralph Clark

texts:
 leaving the colony in near starvation. <mask> wrote "God help us. If some ships dont [sic] arrive, I dont know what will". Supplies finally arrived in June 1790, on Lady Juliana. <mask> often expressed pleasure at the flogging of convicts, although rarely performed the punishment himself. After one incident, in which a particularly troublesome female convict, Elizabeth Dudgeon, was punished for insulting a guard officer, he noted "she has long been fishing for it, which she has at last got to her heart's content". He did, however, occasionally empathise with the convicts, especially when they were mistreated.Shortly after landing on Norfolk Island, <mask> and Robert Kellow came across some convicts, including some women with their children, who had been forced to sleep in the open far from the main townsite, adequate accommodation being lacking: "on the Road we met a great many of the Convicts both Men and Women Particular the women that have young children Who told me that the[y] have been obliged to Sleep in the woods all night for the[y] could not get into Town, poor Devils how they are Kick[ed] about from one place to a nother". Unusually for the time, <mask> was effectively a teetotaller, preferring to drink only lemonade. He often privately chastised his fellow officers' drinking habits, boasting in his diary that he had only been intoxicated once—at his wedding. See also
 Journals of the First Fleet

Notes

References

Bibliography

1794 deaths
18th-century births
Australian theatre directors
Australian theatre managers and producers
British military personnel killed in the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Norfolk Island penal colony administrators
Military personnel from Edinburgh
Royal Marines officers
Scottish diarists
Scottish military personnel killed in


title: Bobby Zamora

texts:
<mask> (born 16 January 1981) is an English former professional footballer who played as a striker. Zamora began his career at Football League club Bristol Rovers, but was soon signed by Brighton & Hove Albion, where he found first-team success. Zamora scored 77 goals in three seasons and helped the club achieve two successive promotions. Following a spell at Tottenham Hotspur, Zamora was signed by West Ham United, where he played for five years and won promotion to the Premier League. <mask> joined Fulham in 2008, where, in his first season, he played regularly but scored only four goals. However, <mask>'s form in the 2009–10 season gained praise and subsequently saw the player gain a call-up for England. Zamora had an important role in Fulham's successes in the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Europa League, before transferring to Queens Park Rangers in January 2012.He returned to play for Brighton in 2015 and retired from football in December 2016. Zamora also played for the England national under-21 team before gaining his first full cap at senior level almost a decade later. Background
Born in Barking, London, Zamora attended Essex Junior School (in Manor Park) followed by Little Ilford School before moving onto Barking Abbey Secondary School. As a boy, he played for Senrab in east London, alongside John Terry, Ledley King, Paul Konchesky and Jlloyd Samuel. A lifelong West Ham United fan, he started his footballing career as an apprentice at the club's Academy of Football but was released from the east London club on the same year group as Samuel, Fitz Hall and Konchesky. Club career

Bristol Rovers
Zamora joined Bristol Rovers as a trainee in August 1999, making a total of six substitute appearances for Bristol Rovers in all competitions, before joining Bath City on a one-month loan in early 2000, where he scored 11 goals in eight appearances, and then Brighton & Hove Albion on loan in February 2000. Brighton & Hove

masks:
Robert Lester Zamora
Zamora
Zamora


title: Bobby Zamora

texts:
 Albion
Zamora joined Brighton in February 2000 on a three-month loan until the end of the 1999–2000 season, scoring six goals in six appearances.In August 2000, he made a permanent move to Brighton for a £100,000 fee. During his tenure he quickly established himself as a prolific goalscorer, breaking into the England national under-21 team and attracting interest from several higher-division clubs. He scored 83 times for the club in 136 appearances, helping Brighton win two successive championships as the team won promotion into what became the Championship. The Brighton fans had a chant they used to sing in his honour, to the tune of Dean Martin's "That's Amore": "When the ball hits the goal it's not Shearer or Cole, it's Zamora." Tottenham Hotspur
Having been watched for much of the previous two seasons by the then manager Glenn Hoddle, Zamora moved to Tottenham Hotspur for a £1.5 million fee in July 2003. However, he struggled to gain a consistent first-team place at White Hart Lane, making only 18 cup and league appearances, 11 as substitute, and scoring a single goal, knocking West Ham United out of the League Cup in October 2003. West Ham United

In January 2004, <mask> joined West Ham in a deal which saw Jermain Defoe go the other way to Tottenham Hotspur.He quickly made his mark, scoring on his debut as West Ham came from behind to beat Bradford City and also on his home debut, when he scored the winning goal against Cardiff City. In the 2004–05 season, Zamora scored 13 goals, including one in the first leg and two in the second leg of the Championship play-off semi-final against Ipswich Town and the only goal in West Ham's 1–0 victory over Preston North End in the 2005 Championship play-off Final sending West Ham into the Premier League. In the 2005–06 season, he made 42 league and cup appearances and scored ten goals as West Ham finished in the top half of the Premier League and reached the FA Cup final, for


title: Bobby Zamora

texts:
 which he received an FA Cup runners-up medal, missing a penalty in the shootout against Liverpool. He was rewarded for his contribution to the team with a new four-year contract in January 2006, and extended it to 2011 in October 2006, saying, "I'm delighted to have extended my contract and I'm now looking forward to spending my long-term future at Upton Park. I've been here for almost three years now, and there is really no other place I would rather be. This is my club and wearing a claret and blue shirt is all I have ever wanted to do." He started the 2006–07 season well, scoring five of West Ham's six goals in the first four matches of the season but, as West Ham hit a bad patch that saw them struggling in the relegation places, he did not score again until January 2007.However, he ended the season with 11 goals, including a controversial goal against Blackburn Rovers in March 2007 and being the first player to score a winning goal against Arsenal at the Emirates Stadium in April 2007, as West Ham pulled off an unexpected escape from relegation. He made only 14 appearances for West Ham in the 2007–08 season after missing five months of the season with tendinitis suffered in August 2007 but scored against Derby in West Ham's 2–1 win. By the end of the 2007–08 season, <mask> had made 152 appearances in all competitions for West Ham, scoring 40 goals. Fulham

In July 2008, <mask> and teammate John Paintsil were signed by Fulham for a joint total of £6.3 million, Zamora accounting for £4.8 million of the fee. In his first season with Fulham, Zamora struggled to find the net, scoring just twice in 35 league appearances over the 2008–09 season. After the season had concluded, Fulham and Hull City agreed a fee on 15 July, which would have seen Zamora move to Hull for £5 million. Zamora turned down the move to stay with Fulham.Shortly after he turned down Hull, he played in a friendly against Peterborough United and scored

masks: Zamora Zamora


title: Bobby Zamora

texts: twice in a 3–3 draw. Four days later he made his UEFA Europa League debut, against FK Vėtra of Lithuania, scoring once and setting up two goals to give Fulham a 3–0 away advantage going into the second leg. He opened his 2009–10 Premier League account on the opening day of the season when a Clint Dempsey shot hit him on the back and beat David James in the Portsmouth goal. He scored his second goal of the season against Hull on 19 October 2009 by heading in a rebound in the 43rd minute as Fulham won 2–0. By scoring the lone goal against Sunderland on 6 December 2009, Zamora doubled his output from the previous season with his fourth goal of the campaign. In celebrating his winning goal, Zamora held a finger against his lips in response to the Fulham fans who had previously jeered him. On 17 December 2009, with Fulham needing a win to progress from Group E in the UEFA Europa League, Zamora scored twice against Basel in a 3–2 victory at St. Jakob-Park.Two days later, <mask> scored once again in a 3–0 win against Manchester United at Craven Cottage prompting talk of a call-up to the England squad. On 5 January 2010, he dislocated his shoulder at the Britannia Stadium during Fulham's 3–2 loss to Stoke City. Zamora struck the winner in Fulham's UEFA Europa League Round of 32 first leg match against Shakhtar Donetsk, his powerful strike from outside the box earning the Premier League side a 2–1 win. <mask> continued his scoring form on 22 February 2010 when netting a last minute free-kick against Birmingham City as Fulham came from behind to win 2–1. Zamora also scored Fulham's first goal in what was a historic UEFA Europa League comeback against Juventus, Fulham winning 4–1 on the night and 5–4 on aggregate. <mask> was widely praised for the trouble he caused Juventus' veteran captain Fabio Cannavaro, who was sent off in the 27th minute, having suggested that the Italian was past his best prior to the match. He continued to

masks: Zamora Zamora Zamora


title: Bobby Zamora

texts:
 impress on the European stage for Fulham; scoring in both legs of a 3–1 aggregate win against reigning Bundesliga champions Wolfsburg as Fulham progressed to the UEFA Europa League semi-final.His goal during the second leg in Germany came after just 22 seconds. Fulham went on to reach the final of the UEFA Europa League but, with Zamora's fitness in real doubt, they were beaten 2–1 by Atlético Madrid of Spain. On 10 September 2010, <mask> signed a new four-year contract with Fulham, which would have kept him at the London club until the summer of 2014. The day after, <mask> broke his leg during a match against Wolverhampton Wanderers following a challenge from Karl Henry that drew criticism. <mask> made his return from injury as a substitute in the FA-Cup encounter against Bolton Wanderers on 21 February 2011. He marked his Premier League return, again as a substitute, with a match-deciding goal from the penalty spot against Blackburn Rovers on 5 March 2011. Queens Park Rangers
On 31 January 2012, Zamora joined Fulham's west London Premier League rivals Queens Park Rangers on a two and a half year contract for a fee believed to be around £4 million.He scored on his debut on 4 February in a 2–1 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers. On 21 November 2012, it was announced <mask> would be out injured for three months due to requiring surgery on a hip injury. <mask> was a member of the Queens Park Rangers side which won the 2014 Championship play-off Final 1–0 against Derby County on 24 May 2014 at Wembley Stadium. He scored the only goal of the match in the 90th minute to return QPR to the Premier League after a one-season absence. In May 2015, Queens Park Rangers announced the release of Zamora. Return to Brighton & Hove Albion
On 3 August 2015, <mask> joined former club Brighton on a one-year deal on a free transfer. He claimed that he turned down an approach by a team competing in the UEFA Champions League to return to

masks: Zamora Zamora Zamora Zamora Zamora Zamora


title: Bobby Zamora

texts:
 Brighton.His first goal on return to Brighton was an 89th-minute winner against Leeds United on 17 October 2015, coming 4,549 days after his last goal for the club in a 2–2 draw at Grimsby on 4 May 2003. <mask> was released by Brighton when his contract expired at the end of 2015–16. Retirement
<mask> retired from football in December 2016. He had not played since March 2016 and had been struggling with a hip injury for which he had undergone an operation. His interests outside football include involvement in a social housing scheme with Rio Ferdinand and Mark Noble. International career

<mask> was called up for the England Under-21 squad for a friendly with Portugal in April 2002. <mask> was named in the England Under-21 squad for the 2002 UEFA European Under-21 Championship with David Platt, the then England under-21 team manager, saying of him, "My mistake was not going to have a look at him earlier than I did.He's been in one squad, did very well in training and came on for 25 minutes and did great. If I need a goal and look at my bench and see a player who has scored 30 for the past two seasons, there is a chance he could come on. He warrants his place. [...]" Zamora was capped six times for the England Under-21 team. Zamora was watched by the Trinidad and Tobago coach, Leo Beenhakker, who also spoke to his club manager at the time Alan Pardew. However, Zamora turned down the chance of playing in the 2006 FIFA World Cup with Trinidad and Tobago, saying in August 2005, "Trinidad is my dad's country and to play in the finals would be a dream but West Ham are more important. I am only thinking about the club at the moment and do not want to be distracted from that."On 7 August 2009, it was revealed that <mask> and Jlloyd Samuel had received their Trinidadian passports, and would play for the Soca Warriors in their 2010 FIFA World Cup qualifier against El Salvador on 12 August. However, Zamora did not get his first cap

masks: Zamora Zamora Zamora Zamora Zamora


title: Bobby Zamora

texts:
 due to an injury he picked up while training. His form in the 2009–10 season led to calls for Zamora to be called up to the England squad, and there had been rumours that Fabio Capello had been visiting Craven Cottage to look at his performances. However, due to an Achilles injury, he was not included in Fabio Capello's provisional squad of 30 players for the run-up to the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was announced on 11 May 2010. On 7 August 2010, Zamora was one of five uncapped players named in the England squad for their friendly on 11 August against Hungary alongside Jack Wilshere, Kieran Gibbs, Michael Dawson and Gary Cahill. On 11 August 2010, <mask> won his first England cap in a friendly, coming on as a half time substitute against Hungary in a 2–1 win at Wembley Stadium. On 23 May 2011, <mask> was selected for the England squad to face Switzerland in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifier on 4 June at Wembley Stadium.On 15 November 2011, <mask> made his full England debut by starting in the 1–0 friendly victory over Sweden at Wembley Stadium. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours

Club
Brighton & Hove Albion
Football League Third Division: 2000–01
Football League Second Division: 2001–02

West Ham United
Football League Championship play-offs: 2005

Fulham
UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2009–10

Queens Park Rangers
Football League Championship play-offs: 2014

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Footballers from Barking, London
English footballers
England under-21 international footballers
England international footballers
Association football forwards
Senrab F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Bath City F.C. players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Tottenham Hotspur F.C.players
Fulham F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players
Premier League players
English sportspeople of Trinidad and Tobago


title: Erickavu N. Sunil

texts:
<mask> (<mask>a) is an Indian Mridangam player and author. Early life and background
<mask> was born (on 15 March 1977) to K<mask> and Late V. Saraswathi Amma in Haripad, Kerala, India. He started learning the Mridangam at the age of four. His initial Gurus were Late Krishnappa Bhagavathar and M.S. Raju. He had his advanced studies in Mridangam from the Legendary Maestro Sangeetha Kalacharya Late Prof. <mask>. Musical career
An A-grade artist of All India Radio and Doordarshan, Sunil has performed alongside musicians like Padmabhushan Sangeetha Kalanidhi T. V. Sankaranarayanan, <mask>asudevan, Padmasri Prof. Parassala Ponnammal, Madhurai G.S.Mony, Prof. Mavelikkara Prabhakara Varma, Dr. K. Omanakutty, Prof. K. Venktaramanan, Dr. S. Sowmya, Kunnakkudi Balamuralikrishna, Dr. Sreevalsan J. Menon, Sankaran <mask>, Thiruvengadu Jayaraman, Sharreth, M. Jayachandran, Balabhaskar, and many others. He teaches Mridangam online through Skype, and has students in Germany, US & Middle East. <mask> leads the team "Laya Vadya Sudha"—the "Tala Vadya"—Percussion Ensemble—featuring Indian percussion instruments Mridangam, Kanjira, Ghatam, Morsing, Tabla, Mizhavu, etc. <mask> had scripted and directed <mask>vani—a unique program on Music Therapy, which was telecasted in Asianet Cable Vision (ACV) as 9 episodes in 2006. <mask> has put his musical acumen to best use by conceptualising and rolling out ‘Indeevaram Cultural Trust’, a platform to provide budding artists with the opportunity to synergise their musical talent, and to nurture the

masks:
Erickavu N Sunil
Sunil Narayan
Erickavu N Sunil
. Narayana Panicker
Mavelikkara Velukkutty Nair
Padmasri Neyyattinkara V
Namboothiri
Sunil
Sunil
Nadasanjee
Sunil


title: Erickavu N. Sunil

texts:
 younger generation and his disciples spanning across the globe. <mask> always had a keen interest in knowledge dissemination which resulted in his creating informational short videos hosted on his YouTube channel. He is the author of the celebrated book 'Resounding Mridangam'.Indeevaram Cultural Trust
Indeevaram is a Trivandrum-based cultural trust founded by <mask> in 2018. Indeevaram envisions bringing global talent in the field of classical art forms together to showcase the Indian powerhouse of talents. It is a confluence of art, artists, and the varied hues of India's culture. Indeevaram aims at bringing together the prodigies and amateurs on the same platform as that of the legends and maestros. Indeevaram intends to do this through multiple approaches. To build a strong online presence to attract classical art talent from across the globe to make this event a one of larger reach. To conduct annual festivals that will bring all talents together.To provide a single platform for Music, Dance, Literature, Traditional Arts, Fine Arts, etc. To give access to Seminars, Talk-Shows, Workshops and Exhibitions. RESOUNDING MRIDANGAM
'RESOUNDING MRIDANGAM: The Majestic South-Indian Drum' - the first book authored by Sunil, explores the nuances of Mridangam. The book is a beautiful journey in time and history. It is designed for a wider readership comprising music students as their academic source at universities across the globe, performing musicians, followers of Indian & Western classical music, and anyone who wishes to gain

masks: Sunil Sunil


title: Erickavu N. Sunil

texts:
 Festival held at Gulbarga, Karnataka, in January 1995. He was the winner in Mridangam at Kerala University Youth Festival for four consecutive years (from 1993 to 1997) representing Mar Ivanios College, Trivandrum. While at school, he received several prizes.He was nominated as a member of the panel of judges for Mridangam in Kerala State Schools Youth Festival for several years. Personal life
Apart from his artistic excellence, <mask> is also known for his academic brilliance. He completed schooling from St. Thomas High School, Karthikappally (near Haripad). After his professional education (Graduation in physics from Mar Ivanios College, Thiruvananthapuram, and Masters in Computer Applications from College of Engineering, Trivandrum), he pursued an active career in Information Technology for two decades with corporate houses including Ernst & Young. <mask> is settled in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala. His wife Indu is a senior IT professional, also an expert in Aksharaslokam (a traditional way of chanting Slokas - poems). They have two sons, Bhagath Sunand and Bharath Sunand, both students of Loyola School, Thiruvananthapuram.Their eldest, Bhagath, is pursuing Violin and Mridangam. References

External links
 Erickavu N Sunil - Youtube Channel
 Erickavu N Sunil - Facebook Page

Living people
Mridangam players
Indian drummers
21st-century drummers
21st-century male musicians
Indian male classical musicians
Musicians from Kerala
People from Alappuzha district
20th-century drummers
20th-century Indian male


title: James Chace

texts: <mask> (October 16, 1931 – October 8, 2004) was an American historian, writing on American diplomacy and statecraft. His 12 books include the critically acclaimed Acheson: The Secretary of State Who Created the American World (1998), the definitive biography of former Secretary of State Dean Acheson. In a debate during the 2000 presidential primary, George W. Bush referred to <mask>'s Acheson as one of the books he was reading at the time. His writings, known for elegant and even literary prose, often influenced American thought in policymaking — his coining of the phrase "the indispensable nation" with Sidney Blumenthal to describe America was widely used when Secretary of State Madeleine Albright began including it in her speeches. <mask> was born and raised in Fall River, Massachusetts. His family, of the New England aristocracy, lost nearly everything during the Great Depression after the collapse of the Fall River cotton-mill economy. This experience he later described in his 1990 memoir What We Had.<mask> graduated from Harvard University with a degree in Classics. He went to France in 1954 to conduct graduate-study research on painter Eugène Delacroix and writer Charles Baudelaire, but soon found his interest drawn to the current intellectual arena of literature and politics, which led to an intense interest in French political writers including Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. He returned to France later the same year as a soldier and in 1955 and 1956 worked as an Army translator, which involved the translation of French newspapers for the Central Intelligence Agency. While in France he wrote a novel and was

masks:
James Clarke Chace
Chace
Chace
Chace


title: James Chace

texts: witness to the impact of that nation's withdrawal from Vietnam and its problems with a rebellion in colonialized Algeria. After his return to the United States his interest in foreign policy grew as he served as managing editor for East Europe, a political review of Soviet bloc affairs, from 1959 to 1969, during which time he wrote his book Conflict in the Middle East about the Six-Day War. He also served as the managing editor of the foreign policy journal Interplay (1967–1970) and  Foreign Affairs (1970–1983). He became editor of the World Policy Journal in 1993, where he served for 7 years.In 1990, he was appointed Professor of Government at Bard College in Annandale-on-Hudson, in upstate New York. He later helped found and chair Bard's international affairs program, the Bard Globalization and International Affairs Program (BGIA), in New York City. His pieces were frequently printed on newspaper op-ed pages and he contributed to the New York Times Book Review in the 1980s and 1990s. <mask>'s work focused on American statesmanship, the interplay of American interests with American values, and the use of American power. He believed that any statesman effectively leading a nation will understand that resources are limited — including blood and political will — and that in protecting the interests of the nation those resources cannot be overtaxed. According to fellow writer and good friend Mark Danner, <mask> considered the Vietnam War a classic example of a nation failing to prudently balance interests and resources, and saw the Iraq War as another example. <mask> died from a heart attack in Paris while doing research

masks: Chace Chace Chace


title: James Chace

texts:
 for a biography of the Marquis de Lafayette, which would have been his tenth book.At the time of his death, <mask> resided in New York City and was survived by former wives Jean Valentine and Susan Denvir <mask>, daughters Sarah, Rebecca, and Zoe. He was a close friend and mentor of military historian and author Caleb Carr and historian David Fromkin. He had two grand daughters, Rebecca and Pesha. Joan Bingham was a long time companion. Publications

Conflict in the Middle East (1969 H. W. Wilson Company) - causes and consequences of the 1967 Six-Day War
A World Elsewhere: the new American foreign policy (1973 Scribner) ()
Atlantis Lost: United States-European Relation After the Cold War (<mask>, co-editor with Earl C. Ravenal) (1976 UP)
Solvency, the Price of Survival: An essay on American foreign policy (1981 Random House)
Endless War: How We Got Involved in Central America-And What Can Be Done (1984 Vintage Books) ()
America Invulnerable: The Quest for Absolute Security from 1812 to Star Wars (1988 Summit) (by <mask> with Caleb Carr)
What We Had: A Memoir (1990 Summit Books)
The Consequences of the Peace: The New Internationalism and American Foreign Policy (1993 Oxford)
Acheson: The Secretary Of State Who Created The American World (1998 Simon & Schuster)
What If? 2: Eminent Historians Imagine What Might Have Been (2001 Putnam) (by Robert Cowley, <mask> and John Lukacs)
1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft and Debs-The Election that Changed the Country (2004 Simon & Schuster, Inc.)
Booknotes on American Character: people, politics, and conflict in American history (2004 Perseus Press) (contributor)

References

masks:
Chace
Chace
James Chace
James Chace
James Chace


title: James Chace

texts:
 Schudel, Matt. "<mask>ce, 72; Wrote on Foreign Policy".Washington Post, October 10, 2004, p. C11 (Accessed via washingtonpost.com October 19, 2006). Weiner, Tim. "<mask>, Foreign Policy Thinker, Is Dead at 72". The New York Times (Late East Coast edition), October 11, 2004, p. B.7. (Accessed via ProQuest, Document ID 710384891)

External links
 "How America 'Lost the Peace', <mask>'s review of Richard Nixon's No More Vietnams, New York Times Book Reviews, April 7, 1985. "An Empty Hegemony? ", by <mask>, World Policy Journal, Summer 1997."Americans have not been energized", <mask> interview by Mark Lytle, Salon, May 5, 2004. "Wise After All", by <mask>, The American Prospect Online Edition, June 7, 2004. Audio interview with <mask> on 1912, Bill Thompson's Eye on Books, 2004. 1912: Wilson, Roosevelt, Taft & Debs- The Election That Changed the Country” on Booknotes

1931 births
2004 deaths
Harvard College alumni
People from Fall River, Massachusetts
Bard College faculty
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Historians from Massachusetts
Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs
American male non-fiction

masks:
James Cha
James Chace
James Chace
James Chace
James Chace
James Chace
James Chace


title: James Hayward (artist)

texts:
<mask> (born 1943, San Francisco, California) is a contemporary abstract painter who lives and works in Moorpark, California. <mask>'s paintings are usually divided in two bodies of work: flat paintings (1975-1984) and thick paintings (1984 to the present). He works in series, some of which are ongoing, and include The Annunciations, The Stations of the Cross, the Red Maps, Fire Paintings, Smoke Paintings, Sacred and Profane and Nothing's Perfect series. Education and teaching

<mask> got his Bachelor of Arts at San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, studied in the Graduate art program at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) from 1966 to 1969 and got his Master of Fine Arts at the University of Washington, Seattle in 1972. Taught:
1994-2012 — Art Center College of Design, Pasadena, CA, Graduate Art Programs
1999 — University of California, Los Angeles (winter quarter)
1997 — University of Texas at San Antonio (guest artist / fall semester)
1992-1995 — University of California, Los Angeles
1987 — University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA (guest artist / spring quarter)
1985 — College of Creative Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara
1983 — University of California, Berkeley, CA (guest artist)
1980 — Minneapolis College of Art & Design, Minneapolis, Minnesota (guest artist)
1979 — California State University, Bakersfield (guest artist)
1976-1978 — College of Creative Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA

Exhibitions

<mask> has exhibited extensively, particularly in California, since his first show solo show in 1976. He has exhibited at historically significant galleries such as Claire S. Copley Gallery, Riko Mizuno Gallery

masks:
James Hayward
Hayward
Hayward
Hayward


title: James Hayward (artist)

texts:
 and Rosamund Felsen Gallery in Los Angeles and Sidney Janis Gallery in New York, and his work has been included in museum exhibitions in institutions such as the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, Hirschorn Museum, Washington D.C., The Renaissance Society At The University Of Chicago, and the Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) in London, U.K. among others. Through the 1990s and 2000s he exhibited extensively at Modernism, San Francisco and Ace Contemporary Exhibitions in Los Angeles.Artist Mike Kelley curated a solo exhibition of his work in 2005 at the Cue Art Foundation in New York calling <mask> "one of the few truly important West Coast Painters." Also in 2005, critic and educator Dave Hickey included his work in a curated show entitled Step into Liquid, at the Ben Maltz Gallery, Otis College of Art and Design, Los Angeles. Recently <mask>'s work has been included in [http://sites.moca.org/blacksun/2011/09/27/james-hayward-automatic-painting-43-x-33-green-1977/ "Under the Big Black Sun"] at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, curated by Paul Schimmel in 2011, a solo exhibition at Richard Telles Fine Art, Los Angeles <mask> Paintings from the 70's in conjunction with the Getty's Pacific Standard Time exhibition in 2011  and his Annunciation paintings have been shown in the solo exhibition Variations on the Annunciation at Meliksetian | Briggs in Los Angeles in 2013. Works in institutional and museum collections

Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, California
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, California
Los Angeles County Museum of Art, California
Cleveland Museum of Art,

masks:
Hayward
Hayward
James Hayward


title: James Hayward (artist)

texts:
 Cleveland, Ohio
Albright-Knox Gallery, Buffalo, New York
San Jose Museum of Art, San Jose, California
Minneapolis Institute of the Arts, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Denver Museum of Modern Art, Denver, Colorado
Orange County Museum of Art, Newport Beach, California
Laguna Beach Museum of Art, Laguna Beach, California
University Art Museum, Santa Barbara, California
Museum of Contemporary Art, North Miami, Florida
Weisman Museum of Art, Pepperdine University, Malibu, California
Anderson School of Business, University of California, Los Angeles, California

 Honors and awards

1977 — Young Talent Award, Los Angeles County Museum of Art
1981 — Japan-United States Creative Arts Fellowship
1983 — John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship
1991 — Awards in the Visual Arts 10 Grant
1993 — National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship
1996 — Pollock-Krasner Foundation Grant

 Writing

In 2010, Hayward produced a book of short stories entitled Indiscretion: Selected Stories, based on his reminiscences, "war stories" as his close friend artist Ed Moses calls them. Writing in The Huffington Post, Gordy Grundy calls it "a chronicle of a ribald life in the arts as well as a glimpse of SoCal living". Notes

 References

Carlson, Ben. <mask> Hayward At Richard Telles Fine Art, Artforum, February 2012 Vol.50, No. 6, P. 235. Schimmel, Paul (Editor), Mark, Lisa Gabrielle (Editor), Colpitt, Frances (Contributor), Crow, Thomas (Contributor), Desmarais, Charles (Contributor), Under the Big Black Sun; California Art 1974-1981, Prestel Publishing, 2011. Colpitt, Frances. Marks And Movement: Five Painters, catalogue, Barrett Art Gallery, Santa Monica, CA, 2011. Pagel, David. Take Pleasure In Monochrome,


title: James Hayward (artist)

texts:
 Los Angeles Times.April 11, 2008 P.E19
Baker, Kenneth. <mask> Pursues A Kind Of ‘Pure Painting’  San Francisco Chronicle, September 15, 2007 P. E1. Frank, Peter. <mask>. Artus, Issue 17 March–April 2007, P. 28. Melrod, George. <mask>: Monster Of Monochrome,  Art Ltd, January 200 P. 38 to 45.Hickey, Dave, Colpitt Frances, Smith Jason. "James Hayward Works 1975-2007. Modernism Inc., 2007. Knight, Christopher. Just Going With The Flow, Los Angeles Times, January 14, 2006 P. E 2. Colpitt, Frances & Gilbert-Rolfe. Jeremy, Monster Of Monochrome, Mandarin Press, Los Angeles 2006.Kelley, Mike. <mask>, catalogue, Cue Art Foundation, New York, 2005. Knight, Christopher. Earthly Creators Find The Divine In Their Details, Los Angeles Times, August 11, 2004, P. E1. Pagel, David. Celebrating Paint’s Physicality, Los Angeles Times, August 1, 2003, Calendar. Hickey, Dave, Pagel, David and Scanlan, Joe.Plane/Structures, catalogue, The Fellows Of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, CA 1994. Colpitt, Frances. Mapping, catalogue, The University Of Texas, San Antonio, 1994. Colpitt, Frances. In Plain Sight: Abstract Painting In Los Angeles, catalogue. Blue Star Art Space, San Antonio, Texas 1994. Rutter, Virginia S, Kopf, Vicki, Fleming, Jeff.Awards In The Visual Arts 10, catalogue, Southeastern Center for Contemporary Art, 1991. Plous, Phylis & Colpitt, Frances. Abstract Options, catalogue, The National Endowment For The Arts, 1989. 1943 births
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century male artists
American contemporary painters
Artists from Los Angeles
Living people
Painters from California
University of Washington alumni
People from Moorpark,

masks:
James Hayward
James Hayward
James Hayward
James Hayward


title: Jay Pasachoff

texts:
<mask> (born 1943) is an American astronomer. Pasachoff is Field Memorial Professor of Astronomy at Williams College and the author of textbooks and tradebooks in astronomy, physics, mathematics, and other sciences. Biography
After the Bronx High School of Science, Pasachoff studied at Harvard, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1963, his master's degree in 1965, and his doctorate in 1969. His doctoral thesis was titled Fine Structure in the Solar Chromosphere. He worked at the Harvard College Observatory and Caltech before going to Williams College in 1972. His sabbaticals and other leaves have been at the University of Hawaii’s Institute for Astronomy, the Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Caltech in Pasadena, California, and most recently at the Carnegie Observatories, also in Pasadena. He has taken a leading role in the science and history of transits of Mercury and Venus, as an analogue to exoplanet studies, leading up to the transit of Venus, and the 2016 and 2019 transits of Mercury.<mask> on solar eclipses: "Each time is like going to the seventh game of the World Series with the score tied in the ninth inning." Work
Pasachoff observes with a wide variety of ground-based telescopes and spacecraft, and reports on those activities in writing his texts. <mask> has carried out extensive scientific work at total solar eclipses, and has championed the continued contemporary scientific value of solar eclipse research. His research has been sponsored by the National Science Foundation, NASA, and the National Geographic Society. He is Chair of the Working Group on Eclipses of the International Astronomical Union of the Sun and Heliosphere Division and of the Education, Outreach, and Heritage Division. His solar work also includes studies of the solar chromosphere, backed by NASA grants, using NASA spacecraft and the 1-m Swedish Solar Telescope  on La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. With

masks:
Jay Myron Pasachoff
Jay Pasachoff
Pasachoff


title: Jay Pasachoff

texts: Richard Cohen and his sister, <mask>, Pasachoff wrote in 1970 an article for Nature discussing that the belief in the supernatural such as horoscopes impede the growth of science.He has collaborated with a professor of art history, Roberta J. M. Olson of the New-York Historical Society, on astronomical images in the art of Renaissance Italy, Great Britain, the U.S. (eclipse oil paintings), and elsewhere. <mask> and <mask> wrote a review of Alexander Borodin’s solar-inspired opera for Nature produced by the New York Metropolitan Opera in 2014. Also with his wife, Naomi, Pasachoff wrote biographies of Henry Norris Russell, John Pond, Hypatia, and Edward Williams Morley for the Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Their books and other publications are listed at http://solarcorona.com as links to publishers’ websites. Pasachoff received the 2003 Education Prize of the American Astronomical Society, "For his eloquent and informative writing of textbooks from junior high through college, For his devotion to teaching generations of students, For sharing with the world the joys of observing eclipses, For his many popular books and articles on astronomy, For his intense advocacy on behalf of science education in various forums, For his willingness to go into educational nooks where no astronomer has gone before, the AAS Education Prize is awarded to <mask>. Pasachoff." Asteroid 5100 Pasachoff recognizes Pasachoff's astronomical accomplishments.In addition to his college astronomy texts, <mask> has written Peterson Field Guide to the Stars and Planets, is co-author of Peterson Field Guide to Weather, and is author or coauthor of textbooks in calculus and in physics, as well as several junior-high-school textbooks. Pasachoff received the 2012 Prix-Jules–Janssen from the Société astronomique de France,"for your outstanding research, teaching and popularisation of Astronomy, in the spirit with which Camille Flammarion created the award back in 1897." He received the 2017 Richtmyer Memorial Award from the American Association of

masks:
Nancy Pasachoff
Jay
Naomi Pasachoff
Jay M
Pasachoff


title: Jay Pasachoff

texts: Physics Teachers "for outstanding contributions to physics and effectively communicating those contributions to physics educators." He received the 2019 Klumpke-Roberts Award of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific "for his contributions to the public understanding and appreciation of astronomy", based in part on his role at the times of solar eclipses, when "<mask> becomes astronomy's cheerleader-in-chief, allowing more and more people to become interested and engaged in the field." Pasachoff collaborated with scientists from Williams College and MIT to observe the atmospheres of outer planets and their moons, including Pluto, its moon Charon, Neptune’s moon Triton, and other objects in the outer Solar System. He has also using radio astronomy made observations of the interstellar medium with scientists from Hofstra University and elsewhere, concentrating on deuterium. Pasachoff has been active in educational and curriculum matters.He was U.S. National Liaison to and was President (2003–2006) Commission on Education and Development, which is now Commission C1 on Astronomy Education and Development of Division C on Education, Outreach, and Heritage, of the International Astronomical Union. He has twice been Chair of the Astronomy Division of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and has been on the astronomy committees of the American Astronomical Society (and its representative 2004–2013 to the AAAS), the American Physical Society, and the American Association of Physics Teachers. He was on the Council of Advisors of the Astronomy Education Review. He has spearheaded a discussion of what should be taught in astronomy courses, championing the position of including and emphasizing contemporary astronomy. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the International Planetarium Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, and the Royal Astronomical Society, and he has held a Getty Fellowship. He was elected a Legacy Fellow of the American


title: Jay Pasachoff

texts:
 Astronomical Society in 2020. He has lectured widely, including a stint as a Sigma Xi Distinguished Lecturer.He is also Director of the Hopkins Observatory and (in rotation, currently beginning in the fall semester of 2019) Chair of the Astronomy Department at Williams. Pasachoff has been Chair of the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society (2013-2015). He is on the Organizing Committee for Commission C.C3 on the History of Astronomy of the International Astronomical Union (2015-2018) and on the Johannes Kepler Working Group. A catalogue of the <mask> and Naomi Pasachoff rare-book collection—including works by Copernicus, Tycho, Galileo, Kepler, Newton, Fraunhofer, and Einstein—on deposit in the Chapin Library of Williams College (W. Hammond, 2014). Selected publications
 The Sun, co-authored with Leon Golub (Reaktion Books, London, for the Science Museum, London, 2017)
 Cosmos: The Art and Science of the Universe, co-authored with Roberta J. M. Olson (Reaktion Books, London, and U. Chicago Books, Chicago, 2019)
 Peterson Field Guide to the Stars and Planets, 4th ed. 2021 update (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016)
 Peterson Field Guide to Weather (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2021)
 The Cosmos: Astronomy in the New Millennium, co-authored with Alexei V. Filippenko (5th edition, Cambridge University Press, 2019),
 The Solar Corona, 2nd Edition, co-authored with Leon Golub (Cambridge University Press, 2010)
 Innovation in Astronomy Education, co-edited with Rosa M. Ros and <mask> (Cambridge University Press, 2008)
 Peterson First Guide to Astronomy, 2nd ed. 1943 births
Living people
The Bronx High School of Science alumni
Harvard College alumni
American astronomers
American textbook writers
American male non-fiction writers
American skeptics
Williams College faculty
Scientists from New York (state)
Harvard College Observatory people
California Institute of Technology people
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the American Astronomical Society
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and

masks:
Jay
Naomi Pasachoff


title: Abel Pintos

texts:
<mask> (born in Bahía Blanca, on May 11, 1984), is an Argentinian singer-songwriter. He started his solo career at the age of 13 with his album Para cantar he nacido (I Was Born To Sing), supported financially by León Gieco. After the release of four studio albums, he started writing his own songs that marked a departure from his folk style. He rose to prominence with La llave (The Key), although the CD and DVD Sueño dorado (Golden Dream), which marked fifteen years in the music industry, was his best-selling record of 2012. Along with artists such as Soledad Pastorutti and Luciano Pereyra, <mask> has been dubbed as a promising rising star of Argentinian folk music. He was awarded the Gold Gardel prize for his CD and DVD Sueño Dorado. Biography

Early career and Para cantar he nacido (1984–1998)

<mask> was born in Buenos Aires Province on May 11, 1984, in the city of Bahía Blanca, but was brought up in Cutra Có, Neuquén Province.He made his first steps into music at the age of 7, when he was chosen to sing at a commemoration event for José de San Martín taking place at his school. In the audience was a representative from the municipal government who, impressed by his voice, invited <mask> to sing at another event commemorating the founding of Ingeniero White, his town in the south of Buenos Aires province. He performed three songs at this event: one by Víctor Heredia, another by León Gieco, and the third by Horacio Guarany. Following this performance he started to gain recognition, and launched his musical career thereafter. His early career was boosted by a string of lucky breaks: first, tango singer Raúl Lavié travelled to Bahía Blanca on a tour called Tango en la Bahía ("Tango by the bay"), where he heard <mask> sing. On that day, <mask> had a demo-tape of his recordings and gave it to Lavié

masks:
Abel Pintos
Pintos
Abel Federico Pintos
Pintos
Pintos
Pintos


title: Abel Pintos

texts: who in turn handed it on to Pity Iñurrigarro, then producer for León Gieco. Iñurrigarro organised a record deal with Sony Music through his producer Abraxas.<mask> then went to Buenos Aires, where he was personally introduced to León Gieco, who then supported him and produced his first release. Para cantar he nacido ("I Was Born To Sing") became the title of his first record which he made during the month of March in the ION studios, consisting of 18 covers of popular songs by artists such as Horacio Banegas, Carlos Carabajal, Peteco Carabajal, Raúl Carnota, Atahualpa Yupanqui, César Isella and Bebe Ponti. The album's leading single was the title track of Para canter he nacido, for which he received awards at Argentina's most prestigious folk music festivals. <mask> commented himself that his debut album was replete with expectations, anxiety and "excesses of adrenaline". While retrospectively he sees it as an album that was not recorded hastily, he has since acknowledged that his approach to recording an album has changed since Para cantar he nacido. At the 38th Cosquín Festival, <mask> was granted the opportunity to perform three times on the festival's main stage. The first occasion was on January 28, where he sang three songs from his first album.The first of these was "Cuando llegue el alba" ("When Dawn Comes") (which he performed as a duet with León Gieco), the second was "El 180", and the final was the lead single of "Para cantar he nacido". His performance met with positive reception from the crowd, at which point he was invited by the festival's organisers to perform twice more, on January 31 and then February 1. It was on this day that he received the "special mention" from the folk music commission, and the Gold Award of the Cosquín Festival, presented to up-and-coming artists by the

masks: Pintos Pintos Pintos