title: Curtis Howe Springer

texts:
<mask> (December 2, 1896 – August 19, 1985) was an American radio evangelist, self-proclaimed medical doctor and Methodist minister best known for founding the Zzyzx Mineral Springs resort located within Southern California's Mojave Desert. He was also the host of well-known evangelical syndicated radio programs that were broadcast throughout the United States for several decades. <mask> was in actuality neither a doctor nor a minister, and he described himself as the "last of the old-time medicine men." In 1969, the American Medical Association labeled him the "King of Quacks". In the early 1970s, the federal government discovered that <mask> held no legal rights to the land where Zzyzx stood; consequently, he was evicted from the space and briefly imprisoned. Biography

Personal life
<mask> was born December 2, 1896, and hailed from Birmingham, Alabama. He was married to Mary Louise Berkebile.They separated at some point, and he married a woman named Helen. <mask> had several children, including a daughter, Marilou, and a son, <mask>., who later became a judge in Montgomery, Alabama. Early career

He claimed to have been a private in the United States Army, where he taught boxing. In <mask>'s early life, he "drummed up crowds for William Jennings Bryan's tirades against demon rum" and was a sheet music vendor at Billy Sunday's evangelical services. Following World War I, <mask> worked at a school in Florida. In the late 1920s, <mask> moved to Chicago, where he became involved with an automotive technical school called Greer College. <mask> was fired by 1930, and the school was forced into bankruptcy shortly afterward.Throughout the 1930s, <mask> gave

masks:
Curtis Howe Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Howe Springer
Springer
Curtis Jr
Springer
Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Springer


title: Curtis Howe Springer

type: original

texts:
 lectures throughout the midwestern United States, claiming to either to be the "Dean of Greer College", or that he represented/attended the fictional institutions of the National Academy, The Springer School of Humanism, the American College of Doctors and Surgeons, the Westlake West Virginia College, and two non-existent osteopathy schools in Meyersdale, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Although all his lectures were "free", <mask> would ask for donations part-way through his speech, and often attempt to sell audience members private courses in psychoanalysis for $25 per session. In advertisements for his appearances, he would often follow his name with M.D., N.D., D.O. or Ph.D.

Chicago was largely <mask>'s home base until the summer of 1934. After he applied for airtime on WGN radio, the station contacted American Medical Association's Bureau of Investigations for information regarding <mask>. The AMA and Better Business Bureau quickly began to take note of his completely falsified education record. Before long, <mask> had been labeled as a notorious fraud and doctor-impersonator by the medical community.An extensive article in the September 14, 1936 edition of Journal of the American Medical Association titled "<mask> <mask>: A Quack and His Nostrums" detailed his exploits and lack of education. The book concluded that "a most thorough search fails to show that <mask> was ever graduated by any reputable college or university, medical or otherwise." Radio career
Although denied airtime on WGN, he was successful in obtaining a twice-daily slot as a radio evangelist on Chicago's WCFL. He began broadcasting on the station in 1934. His programs were often an

masks:
Springer
Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Howe
Springer
Springer


title: Curtis Howe Springer

texts:
 outlet for his support of Franklin Roosevelt and The New Deal. In addition, he would often use the radio show to sell his "medicines", including the antacid Re-Hib (confirmed by the American Medical Association to be mostly baking soda) and Antediluvian Tea ("a crude mixture of laxative herbs"). Around 1935, <mask> left Chicago and began preaching on KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.Health spas and Zzyzx
<mask>'s wife Mary encouraged him to try to launch a health spa and in 1931, he launched a resort called Haven of Rest in Fort Hill, Pennsylvania. Only six years after it first opened, he lost Haven of Rest due to non-payment of taxes. He attempted to set up other resorts and gatherings in Wilkes-Barre, Johnstown, and Mount Davis in Pennsylvania; Cumberland, Maryland; and Davenport, Iowa. In 1944, <mask> and his new fiancée Helen filed a mining claim on federal land to 12,800 acres (51.8 km2) in California's Mojave Desert, claiming a tract about 8 miles (13 km) long and 3 miles (4.8 km) wide. The land contained the remains of an 1860 Army post and a railroad station on the defunct Tonopah and Tidewater Railroad. He named the settlement Zzyzx as a gimmick to ensure that it would be "the last word" in health. Zzyzx's original encampment consisted of 20 tents, and he recruited homeless men from Los Angeles' Skid Row to build simple concrete buildings.<mask> created an imitation hot springs – which he attempted to pass off as genuine – by using a boiler to heat several pools. In time, <mask> erected a sixty-room hotel, a church, a cross-shaped health spa with mineral baths, a radio broadcast studio, a private airstrip dubbed "Zyport" and several other

masks: Springer Springer Springer Springer Springer


title: Curtis Howe Springer

texts:
 buildings which included a castle. The "Boulevard of Dreams" was a divided parkway leading to an oasis on Lake Tuendae, later identified as the habitat of the endangered Mohave chub. While building his retreat, he spent half the week in Los Angeles, still recording his radio program, and rounding up workers to build his new resort by offering room and board at Zzyzx in exchange for labor. From Zzyzx, <mask> continued his syndicated radio program, at one point carried by 221 stations in the United States and 102 more abroad, mixing religious music and his own radio evangelism. Along with this came his requests that listeners send him "donations" to get his special cures for everything from hair loss to cancer. The potions were actually little more than a blend of celery, carrot and parsley juices.The Zzyzx Springs experience itself included goat milk; allegedly life-prolonging "Antedeluvian Tea"; a $25, self-administered hemorrhoid cure; more solicitations for "donations"; and a twice-daily sermon over the loudspeakers. Legal challenges and imprisonment
By the late 1960s, <mask> had begun marking off lots on the land and allowing "donors" of large sums of money to his ministry to build homes on the lots. This caught the attention of federal officials. While <mask> had posted mining claims in the area, under the General Mining Law of 1872, it was still public land until such time that he validated the claims for patent by proving to federal government geologists that the claim contained minerals that could be extracted at a profit. The federal government took <mask> to court claiming he was squatting on federal land. In 1974, he was found guilty of the

masks: Springer Springer Springer Springer


title: Curtis Howe Springer

texts:
 charge. He offered to pay $34,187 in back rent on the land to the Bureau of Land Management, but the government refused the payment and evicted him and his few hundred local followers.<mask> was also convicted for making false claims that the health foods he sold would cure everything "from sore toes to cancer." He was represented in court by criminal attorney Gladys Towles Root. In the trial, <mask> was convicted of false advertising. He filed several appeals on this conviction, and two years later ended up serving 49 days of a 60-day sentence. Following the eviction, in 1976, the Bureau of Land Management allowed the California State University to manage the facilities and land in and around Zzyzx. A consortium of colleges combined funds and resources to convert the former resort into a research station called the Desert Studies Center; schools contributing to the center included California State Universities at Dominguez Hills, Fullerton, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Pomona and Northridge. After his release from prison, <mask> and his wife relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada, where he spent the remainder of his life.Death
<mask> died in Las Vegas on August 19, 1985, at the age of 88. He was buried in the Riverside National Cemetery in Riverside, California. Two publications, the journal Word Ways and the book Weird California, have incorrectly reported <mask>'s year of death as 1986. See also
 Quackery
 Squatting
 Zzyzx, California

References

1896 births
1985 deaths
American radio personalities
American people convicted of fraud
Burials at Riverside National Cemetery
People from San Bernardino County, California
Religious broadcasting in the United

masks:
Springer
Springer
Springer
Curtis Springer
Springer


title: Alex Gilbey

texts:
<mask> (born 9 December 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for League One club Charlton Athletic. Career

Colchester United
Born in Dagenham, London, <mask> grew up in Colchester, Essex, where he attended the Gilberd School. As a youth, he played for Frinton & Walton Youth, before joining and progressing through the Academy at Colchester United, where he was youth team captain. He embarked on his two-year scholarship with the club in 2011 and signed his first professional contract only one year into his scholarship, penning a -year deal in February 2012. <mask> received his first taste of first-team action during the 2011–12 campaign pre-season. He scored in a friendly against Woodbridge Town on 20 July 2011, opening the scoring in a 4–1 victory. Seven days later, <mask> grabbed four goals as a youthful U's thrashed Whitton United 6–2.He played for the under-18s alongside featuring in the club's Essex Senior Cup squads, scoring in their 3–1 fourth round win against cup-holders Billericay Town on 9 November. 2012–13 season
Following another pre-season mixing with the senior squad, <mask> made his professional debut on 9 October 2012 in a Football League Trophy match at Northampton Town, where he came on as a half-time substitute for Marcus Bean. The game ended in a 2–1 loss for Colchester, with <mask> giving away a penalty from which Northampton scored. He had to wait until 8 December for his next taste of first-team football when he came on as a substitute in a 2–0 home defeat to Oldham Athletic. He replaced Andy Bond after 70 minutes to make his Football League debut. He missed Colchester's next fixture against Bournemouth with an ankle injury, adding to manager Joe Dunne's injury woes, but returned to make his first senior start in Colchester's clash with Brentford on Boxing Day. The U's lost the encounter 3–1, but Dunne praised the efforts of his youthful starting eleven, although

masks:
Alexander Scott Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey
Gilbey


title: Alex Gilbey

texts:
 <mask> was taken off after only 13 minutes in a tactical substitution following defender Josh Thompson's dismissal early in the game.He made his final appearance of the 2012–13 season for the club in Colchester's 2–1 home defeat to Scunthorpe United on 12 January 2013, playing the full 90 minutes. Newport County (loan)
Having not featured for the Colchester first-team since mid-January, <mask> joined Conference Premier side Newport County on 27 March 2013 on loan until the end of the season 2012–13 season to aid their promotion push. He was named in the squad that travelled to Gateshead on 28 March, but was an unused substitute. He made his debut in County's next fixture on 30 March, another 0–0 draw, on this occasion at home to Dartford, where <mask> was replaced by Christian Jolley after 57 minutes. In the wake of his debut, <mask> featured in a further four of Newport's seven remaining fixtures of the season, which included a late appearance from the bench at home to Braintree Town on 9 April, a 1–0 win which secured the club a play-off place; a start in County's 4–1 home victory against Macclesfield Town on 11 April; a further start on 13 April in a 2–0 win over Alfreton Town; and an appearance in a disappointing 3–0 away defeat to Grimsby Town on 20 April, a result which meant that the two sides would face each other in the play-off semi-finals. In the play-off semi-finals, <mask> helped his side to 1–0 wins in the first and second legs, setting up an all-Welsh final clash with Wrexham. <mask> provided the pass for Christian Jolley's goal during the second leg fixture.<mask> was named man of the match for his performance in the second leg, and described the opportunity to play at Wembley as "a dream come true". On 5 May 2013, <mask> was a member of the starting eleven as Newport took on Wrexham at Wembley. He played for the full 90 minutes as County defeated their counterparts 2–0 to return to the Football League

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


title: Alex Gilbey

texts:
 after a 25-year absence with promotion to League Two. <mask> completed his loan spell with a play-off winners medal and eight appearances to his name as he returned to his parent club. 2013–14 season
Following his successful loan spell with Newport, <mask> returned to the first-team picture with Colchester for the 2013–14 season and was involved in the U's opening game 1–0 win over Gillingham on 3 August 2013, replacing Marcus Bean after 74 minutes. He made his first start of the campaign in the following game, a 5–1 League Cup thrashing by Peterborough United on 6 August. <mask> was replaced by Sanchez Watt on 65 minutes when the U's were 2–1 down.He was utilised as a substitute in his next three games, a 1–0 win at home to Port Vale, a 1–1 home draw with Carlisle United and a 2–1 home loss to Leyton Orient. He then made only his second start of the season in the Football League Trophy clash with Dagenham & Redbridge on 3 September, a 4–1 defeat for Colchester. After this point, <mask> began to cement his name in Joe Dunne's starting eleven, starting five days later in midfield for an injury ravaged U's side for a trip to Coventry City. United lost the match 2–0, but it gave Dunne plenty of positives to take away, where fellow youth product Tosin Olufemi featured and Mason Spence experienced his first taste of league football. Having tied down teammates Tosin Olufemi and Drey Wright to long-term contracts, Colchester looked to do the same with <mask>, offering him an extension to his deal which was due to expire in the summer of 2014. However, <mask> rejected the initial offer, reportedly alerting a number of Championship clubs to the situation following his impressive start to the season and his successful stint with Newport. Despite this, <mask> started in Colchester's next game, a 2–2 draw with Bradford City on 14 September.Manager Dunne urged <mask> to reconsider the offer of the ability-based contract, the same


title: Alex Gilbey

texts:
 offer that had been accepted by his teammates Olufemi and Wright, in which pay is increased after every ten games played for the club. <mask> then quelled the speculation by pointing out that he wished to stay with Colchester and that he was happy working under Dunne, having featured in the starting eleven for a number of matches in the early stages of the 2013–14 season. Having become a regular for the U's and making 37 senior appearances, <mask> penned a -year contract extension on 16 January 2014, tying him to the club until summer 2016. He revealed that boss Joe Dunne was a major influence in his decision to sign the contract, and that Dunne's belief in him was proven by his regular role in the first-team picture. Despite signing the contract, <mask> did not start a match for Colchester between December and March, when he made a pivotal return to the starting eleven for a 1–0 victory against Shrewsbury Town, providing the assist for Jabo Ibehre's match-winning goal. Shortly afterward, <mask> scored his first professional goal in Colchester's 4–2 defeat to Wolverhampton Wanderers at Molineux on 25 March, finding the back of the net with a header to reduce the U's deficit to 3–1 after 58 minutes. <mask> ended the season with 39 appearances across all competitions in addition to his goal against Wolves.As a result, <mask> was awarded with the Colchester United "Young Player of the Year" accolade at the club's annual end of season awards dinner in May 2014. 2014–15 season
Prior to the 2014–15 season kicking-off, <mask> was mooted as a replacement captain for the outgoing Brian Wilson in July 2014. Before the announcement was made however, <mask> suffered a shin injury during Colchester's 3–0 friendly defeat to Ipswich Town, being forced off at half-time. He quickly returned from injury as the U's suffered a 2–0 defeat to Bishop's Stortford on 31 July. <mask> started Colchester's first match of the season in the centre

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


title: Alex Gilbey

texts:
 of midfield for their home clash with Oldham Athletic on 9 August, playing for the duration of the match as the U's were held to a 2–2 draw. On hearing the news of Joe Dunne's departure as manager of Colchester United following a disappointing beginning to the campaign, <mask> said that he was left "devastated" by Dunne's exit, but said that he "couldn't have wished for a better appointment" following Academy manager Tony Humes' promotion to first-team manager. <mask> described Dunne, the person who handed him his professional debut, as "a big influence on me both on and off the pitch".On 16 September, <mask> contributed to Colchester's downfall in their 3–2 loss to Sheffield United at the Colchester Community Stadium when he conceded a penalty in the 88th minute while the score was 2–2. The U's had already relinquished a two-goal cushion just five minutes earlier, and the unlucky <mask> had clattered the post with a powerful shot in the fifth minute. He scored his second Colchester goal and his first of the season with a 25-yard shot to level scores at 2–2 in the U's eventual 4–2 defeat to Preston North End on 4 October. He then added to his tally on 9 November in Colchester's 6–3 FA Cup first round win over Gosport Borough. <mask> finished with a deflected shot following a fine solo run from his own half to give the U's a 4–1 advantage going into the break. 2015–16 season
Ahead of the 2015–16 season, <mask> was named as vice-captain to Chris Porter on 21 July 2015. In his first appearance of the season, <mask> scored an equalising volleyed goal to level the score at 1–1 in an eventual 2–2 draw with Blackpool on 8 August.He made his 100th appearance for Colchester United on 12 December, captaining the side until Porter's introduction as a second-half substitute during their 3–2 defeat to Barnsley at the Community Stadium. He scored his second goal of the season on 19 January 2016 in Colchester's 1–1 home draw with

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


title: Alex Gilbey

texts:
 Fleetwood Town. Following comments by Colchester manager Kevin Keen that <mask> would "be a Premier League player" in two or three years, it was reported that the club had rejected a bid for <mask> from Championship side Bristol City on 22 January. After further contact between the two clubs, Colchester offered <mask> an improved contract on 28 January. He was sent off for the first time in his career on 6 February during Colchester's 3–0 Essex derby defeat to Southend United for a challenge on Ryan Leonard. After no ground had been made on <mask>'s contract offer, Keen admitted that he "very much doubt[ed]" that <mask> would sign a new deal with the club. <mask> remarked that he would "put it to the back" of his mind with his main focus being on "playing well and keeping Colchester in the league".He scored his third goal of the season on 12 March during a 3–3 draw at home to Wigan Athletic. He doubled his previous season-best goal tally on 19 March with a headed goal in Colchester's 2–1 defeat to Walsall at the Bescot Stadium, before adding his third goal in three games during Colchester's 4–1 win over Doncaster Rovers on 25 March. After scoring five goals in 42 appearances, <mask> was named as Colchester's Player of the Year at the club's End of Season award ceremony on 13 May. He was offered a new contract to remain with the club at the end of the season. Wigan Athletic
Following the expiry of his Colchester United deal, <mask> joined newly promoted Championship side Wigan Athletic on 21 June 2016 for an undisclosed fee, signing a three-year contract. He scored on his debut with the opening goal of a 2–1 defeat to Bristol City on 6 August 2016. A knee injury sustained against Fulham in October lead to <mask> being ruled out for four months.<mask> scored his second goal for Wigan in his final appearance of the season, netting an equaliser in a 3–2 comeback victory at home to Rotherham United. Milton Keynes Dons
On 31

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


title: Alex Gilbey

texts:
 August 2017, <mask> joined League One club Milton Keynes Dons for an undisclosed fee, signing a three-year deal. On 21 October 2017, <mask> scored his first goal for the club in a 4–4 home draw with Oldham Athletic. Following a 1–0 away defeat to Walsall on 3 February 2018, <mask> sustained a significant knee injury requiring surgery. Milton Keynes Dons' Head of Sports Medicine Simon Crampton stated that <mask> would be out of action until several months into the 2018–19 season. Despite concerns of a long period out through injury, <mask> recovered nearly six months ahead of schedule and returned to first team action in time for the start of the new season, featuring in a 2–1 away win over Oldham Athletic on 4 August 2018. On 27 November 2018, he scored twice in a 2–0 home league win over Morecambe, with both goals long distance strikes from outside the penalty area.Having played a crucial role in the club's promotion back to League One despite missing the last two months of the season through injury, <mask> was voted the club's Player of the Year for the 2018–19 season. Charlton Athletic
In August 2020 he signed for Charlton Athletic. He scored his first goal for the club on 10 April 2021 in a 2-1 win against Sunderland. Career statistics

Honours
Newport County
Conference Premier play-offs: 2013

Milton Keynes Dons
EFL League Two third-place promotion: 2018–19

Individual
Colchester United Young Player of the Year: 2013–14
Colchester United Player of the Year: 2015–16
Milton Keynes Dons Player of the Year: 2018–19, 2019–20
EFL League One Player of the Month: December 2019

References

External links

1994 births
Living people
Footballers from Dagenham
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Colchester United F.C. players
Newport County A.F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Milton Keynes Dons F.C.players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football)

masks: Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey Gilbey


title: Colin Blackburn, Baron Blackburn

texts:
<mask>, Baron <mask>,  (18 May 1813 – 8 January 1896) was a Scottish judge who is remembered as one of the greatest exponents of the common law. At one point, <mask> was a judge in the Court of Exchequer Chamber. On on 16 October 1876, he became the first person to be made a law lord under the terms of the newly passed Appellate Jurisdiction Act. Life
He was the second son of <mask> of Killearn, Stirlingshire, and Rebecca, daughter of the Rev. <mask>ies. He was born on 18 May 1813. His elder brother, <mask>, represented Stirlingshire in the conservative interest in the parliament of 1859–65.His younger brother was the mathematician <mask>. The future judge was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, in which university he graduated B.A. (eighth wrangler) in 1835, and proceeded M.A. in 1838. In 1870, he received the honorary degree of LL.D. from the University of Edinburgh. Admitted on 20 April 1835, student at Lincoln's Inn, he migrated thence to the Inner Temple, where he was called to the bar on 23 November 1838, and elected honorary bencher on 13 April 1877.For some years after his call, he went the northern circuit in a briefless or almost briefless condition. He had no professional connection, no turn for politics, no political interest, none of the advantages of person and address which make for success in advocacy, and though his well-earned repute as a legal author led to his occasional employment in weighty mercantile cases, he was still a stuff gownsman, and better known in the courts as a reporter than as a pleader, when on the transference of Sir William Erle from

masks:
Colin Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn
John Blackburn
Colin Gill
Peter Blackburn
Hugh Blackburn


title: Colin Blackburn, Baron Blackburn

texts:
 the Queen's Bench to the chief-justiceship of the common pleas, Lord Campbell startled the profession by selecting him for the vacant puisne judgeship. He was appointed justice on 27 June 1859, and on 2 November following, was invested with the coif. He was knighted on 24 April 1860. The surprise with which his advancement was received was proved by the event to have been singularly ill-founded. Judge

It was soon apparent that the new puisne judge possessed in an eminent degree all the essential qualities of the judicial mind. To a logical faculty, naturally acute and improved by severe discipline, he added a depth of learning, a breadth of view, a sobriety of judgment, and an inexhaustible patience, which made his decisions as nearly as possible infallible.Few causes célèbres came before him during his seventeen-year tenure of office as judge of first instance, but the dignity and impartiality with which he presided at the trial (28 October 1867) of the Manchester Fenians were worthy of a more august occasion, and his charge to the grand jury of Middlesex (2 June 1868) on the bill of indictment against the late governor of Jamaica, Edward John Eyre, though not perhaps altogether unexceptionable, is, on the whole, a sound, weighty, and vigorous exposition of the principles applicable to the determination of a question of great delicacy and the gravest imperial consequence. Only once was his judicial ability seriously questioned: this was an attack on him in an extraordinary letter to The Times  in 1877 by the bitter-tongued Irish judge Jonathan Christian, who chose to treat <mask>'s reversal of one of his


title: Colin Blackburn, Baron Blackburn

texts: judgments as a personal affront. Christian was notorious for quarreling with his Irish colleagues, and thought poorly of the ability of even the most distinguished of them (notably Lord O'Hagan, who sat with <mask> on the appeal and joined with him in reversing Christian's decision) so his attack on <mask> need not be taken seriously (it has been suggested that O'Hagan was the real target of his indignation). The consolidation of the courts effected by the Judicature Acts of 1873 and 1875 gave <mask> the status of justice of the high court, which numbered among its members no judge of more tried ability when the Appellate Jurisdiction Act of 1876 authorised the reinforcement of the House of Lords by the creation of two judicial life peers, designated 'lords of appeal in ordinary.' <mask>'s investiture with the new dignity met accordingly with universal approbation. He was raised to the life peerage on 10 October 1876, by the title of Baron Blackburn, of Killearn in the County of Stirlingshire, and took his seat in the House of Lords and was sworn of the privy council in the following month (21, 28 November) In the part which he thenceforth took in the administration of our imperial jurisprudence, Blackburn acquitted himself with an ability so consummate as to cause his retirement in December 1886 to be felt as an almost irreparable loss. The regret was intensified by the discovery of a curious flaw in the Appellate Jurisdiction Act, by which his resignation of office carried with it his exclusion from the House of Lords.This anomaly was, however, removed by an amending act. He died, unmarried, at his

masks: Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn Blackburn


title: Colin Blackburn, Baron Blackburn

texts:
 country seat, Doonholm, Ayrshire, on 8 January 1896. <mask> was a member of the royal commissions on the courts of law (1867) and the stock exchange (1877), and presided over the royal commission on the draft criminal code (1878). He was author of a masterly Treatise on the Effect of the Contract of Sale on the Legal Rights of Property and Possession in Goods. Wares, and Merchandise, London, 1845, 8vo, which held its own as the standard text-book on the subject until displaced by the more comprehensive work of Benjamin. A new edition, revised by J. C. Graham, appeared in 1885. As a reporter <mask> collaborated with Thomas Flower Ellis.Though greatly respected he does not seem to have been popular. According to a well-known story he informed a colleague that he intended to retire in vacation to avoid the trouble of a retirement dinner – the colleague cheerfully replied that this was quite unnecessary since no-one would have turned up to the dinner anyway. Other notable cases in which Lord <mask> delivered judgment:
Glyn Mills & Co v East and West India Dock Co (1882) 7 App. Cas. 591

Arms

References

Attribution

External links

1813 births
1896 deaths
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Law lords
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
People educated at Edinburgh Academy
Anglo-Scots
People from the Scottish Borders
Scottish legal writers
English legal writers
Justices of the King's Bench
Queen's Bench Division judges
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Knights Bachelor
19th-century British judges
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen

masks:
Career Blackburn
Blackburn
Blackburn


title: Derek B. Miller

texts:
<mask><mask> is an American novelist and international affairs specialist. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts, and grew up in Wellesley. <mask>'s family emigrated from Eastern Europe to Massachusetts in the late 1800s and early 1900s from the Jewish Pale of Settlement. He is married to Camilla Waszink from Norway, and they have two children. <mask> and his family live in Oslo, Norway. <mask> is a graduate of Wellesley High School (1988), Sarah Lawrence College (B.A. in Liberal Arts, 1992), Georgetown University (M.A.in national security studies from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, 1996), The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies of Geneva, Switzerland (D.E.S in international relations, 1998, and Ph.D. 2004) where he graduated with the highest distinction of summa cum laude. He attended St. Catherine's College at the University of Oxford (1995-1996) and later Linacre College (1999-2000) on scholarship from the Europaeum Consortium, also at Oxford. He later published Media Pressure on Foreign Policy: The Evolving Theoretical Framework with Palgrave based on his dissertation "Bad Press." The study offered a theory of media pressure - what it is, how it works, how it can be measured - based in part on 'positioning theory' in discursive psychology. Professor Rom Harré (former head of Philosophy at Oxford) wrote: 'This fascinating book opens up quite new directions in the study of key political processes. Focusing on the alleged influence that the media are supposed to exercise on the political process, <mask> brings two novel sets of considerations to bear. Turning to the history of discussions of media influence he brings to light the profundity of discussions of this

masks:
Derek B
. Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Derek Miller


title: Derek B. Miller

texts:
 very issue in the period during which the Western democratic tradition was being forged.Perhaps more importantly he asks the fundamental question: how could the media influence the political process? To answer this question he makes use of one of the most recent developments in social psychology, positioning theory. This is an original and powerful study, and deserves to be very widely read.' International affairs

<mask> has worked in international affairs since 1994, starting his career as an intern on Capitol Hill for then-Senator William S. Cohen (R - Maine). He was the founding editor of Georgetown's National Security Studies Quarterly and has held positions with, or consulted for, many think tanks and organizations including The Mission of the Republic of Korea to the United Nations at Geneva; The Small Arms Survey; International Alert; the United Nations Development Programme; and The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research among others. <mask> founded The Policy Lab® in 2011 where he is Director. Additionally, he is (since 2015) Adjunct Senior Fellow at the Pell Center for International Relations and Public Policy, Salve Regina University, and Research Associate at the Centre on Conflict, Development, and Peacebuilding at the Graduate Institute Geneva.In 2018, <mask> helped found and launch Voices Between: Stories Against Extremism, an initiative by storytellers to innovate learning about war and peace. Novels

In January 2013 The Times newspaper said <mask>en Damm (2010) as Et merkelig sted å dø. The novel's first English-language publisher was Scribe in Australia (2013), followed by Faber and Faber in the UK, and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt in the U.S. It was later published in many other countries. Norwegian by

masks: Miller Miller Miller Millerpel


title: Derek B. Miller

texts: Night received many favorable reviews. It was shortlisted for seven literary awards winning the Crime Writers' Association's John Creasy Dagger Award for a debut crime novel.It was also awarded the eDunnit Award and the Goldsboro Last Laugh Award and was nominated for the Strand Magazine Critic's Award for Best First Novel, the American Bookseller's Association's 2014 Indie Choice Award, Barry Award for Best First Novel, and the Macavity Award for Best First Mystery. Pulitzer Prize winner Richard Russo wrote that it was "one of those books that completely transcends its genre and offers us one of the most memorable characters — Sheldon Horowitz — that I’ve encountered in years." <mask>'s second novel, The Girl in Green (2016), was also published by Faber and Faber. In the UK it was short-listed for the 2017 Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger Award for the "best crime novel of the year" with the judges writing that "after his award-winning debut, Norwegian by Night, <mask> <mask> has delivered a blistering and powerful successor in The Girl in Green, set against the backdrop of war-torn Iraq. This is a thought-provoking tour de force with unforgettable characters – one not to be missed." It was a Shelf Awareness Best Book of 2017. In 2019, Karl Marlantes (winner of the Navy Cross and author of  Matterhorn: A Novel of the Vietnam War), wrote for The Wall Street Journal that The Girl in Green "is page-turning adventure and humor overlaid on bungling bureaucracy and the sorrows of war.It’s up there with 'Catch-22' … [and] In Arwood Hobbes, Mr. <mask> beautifully captures the sardonic language of the American grunt. The novel is a superb example of Wavy Gravy’s comment in the aftermath of a disaster, that, 'Without a sense of humor,

masks:
Miller
Derek B
Miller
Miller


title: Derek B. Miller

texts: it just isn’t funny.'" <mask>'s third novel, American by Day (2018), was published by Transworld at Penguin Random House. Like The Girl in Green, it was also short-listed for the Crime Writers' Association's Gold Dagger Award (2019). Richard Russo, on reading American by Day, wrote, "Sure <mask>'s novels are smart and full of heart and savvy and hilarious, but even more than all of this, he's fun. He's as dedicated as any writer I know to the proposition that readers should enjoy themselves, should delight in the experience of life and language. If our hearts get broken along the way, so much the better."Val McDermid picked American by Day for her Best Crime Fiction of 2019 for Five Books, writing, "American by Day is engagingly written. <mask> isn’t afraid to write characters who are opinionated. They don’t hold their tongue about what they believe in, they let rip. People are angry, people are passionate. I love the unorthodoxy of it, I suppose. It’s not what you expect it to be." <mask>'s fourth novel, Radio Life (2021) is his debut into science fiction and will be published by Jo Fletcher Books (UK)."In this riveting political thriller, The Commonwealth, a post-apocalyptic civilisation on the rise, is locked in a clash of ideas with the Keepers, a fight which threatens to destroy the world . . . again." Novelist <mask> wrote, "It’s one of the most captivating epics I’ve read in ages, evoking a convincing sense of fragile social structure reminiscent of China Miéville at his best, in combination with a philosophical underpinning that lends real weight to the stakes. It reads like Mad Max as imagined by Neal Stephenson. It’s luxuriantly immersive, truly transporting in a way that is invaluable during these trying times." It was

masks:
Miller
Derek Miller
Miller
Miller
Christopher Brookmyre


title: Derek B. Miller

texts:
 picked for best new science fiction by the Financial Times  and The Guardian, and Best New Thriller by The Sunday Times.<mask>'s fifth novel, How to Find Your Way in the Dark (2021) is the long-anticipated prequel to Norwegian by Night. Again by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, it is described as, "A coming-of-age story set during the rising tide of World War II, How to Find Your Way in the Dark follows Sheldon Horowitz from his humble start in a cabin in the Berkshires of Massachusetts, through the trauma of his father’s murder and the murky experience of assimilation in Hartford, Connecticut, to the birth of stand-up comedy in the Catskills — all while he and his friends are beset by anti-Semitic neighbors, employers, and criminals." The New York Times gave it a glowing review, writing: ″I am convinced that <mask><mask>’s HOW TO FIND YOUR WAY IN THE DARK (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 368 pp., $26) was expressly tailored to my tastes and that I am its ideal reader. I suspect others will feel the same way; it’s that kind of book … In less confident hands the many moving parts would collapse into a jumble. <mask>, however, juggles each element effortlessly. His character portraits are indelible, often heartbreaking. At times this novel moved me to tears, the highest possible compliment.".The novel was selected by The New York Times as a Best Mystery Novel of the Year for 2021. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
21st-century American writers
American expatriates in Norway
American expatriates in Spain
Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies alumni
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
Georgetown University alumni
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
Wellesley High

masks:
Miller
Derek B
. Miller
Miller


title: José Antonio Burciaga

texts:
<mask> "Tony<mask> (1940 – October 7, 1996) was an American Chicano artist, poet, and writer who explored issues of Chicano identity and American society. Early career
In 1960 <mask> joined the United States Air Force. After spending a year in Iceland, where he wrote extensively as part of his job, he was sent to Zaragoza, Spain, for three years. There he discovered the work of Spanish poet, Federico García Lorca. After completing his military service, he earned a B.A. in fine arts from the University of Texas at El Paso in 1968 and started work as an illustrator and graphic artist, first in Mineral Wells, Texas (an experience he later recorded in an "Hispanic Link" column called "Mineral Wells—A Near and Distant Memory"), and then in Washington, D.C., where he began his participation in the Chicano movement and where he met Cecilia Preciado, whom he married in 1972. Writing career
After moving to California in 1974 so Cecilia could work at Stanford University, <mask> started writing reviews and columns for local journals and newspapers.In 1985 he became a freelance contributor to the syndicated column "Hispanic Link" and the Pacific News Service. On May 5, 1984, he helped found the Latino comedy troupe, Culture Clash at the Galería de la Raza in San Francisco's Mission District along with Marga Gómez, Monica Palacios, Richard Montoya, Ric Salinas, and Herbert Sigüenza. Tony continued performing with the group until 1988. Tony and <mask> lived near Stanford University, where Cecilia served in various positions, including Associate Dean of Graduate Studies, Associate Provost for Faculty Affairs, and Assistant to the President as Director of the Office of Chicano Affairs. In her post, she became very active in the support and formation of the Chicano community at Stanford, including the creation of El Centro Chicano, a Chicano/Latino student center. <mask> continued his writing and drawing. In 1985, Tony and

masks:
José Antonio
" Burciaga
Burciaga
Burciaga
Cecilia Burciaga
Tony Burciaga


title: José Antonio Burciaga

texts: Cecilia became Resident Fellows in Casa Zapata, a unique Chicano theme dormitory where approximately half of the residents were Chicano undergraduate students.Tony, Cecilia, and their two children lived in a small apartment attached to the dormitory. The dormitory put on various Chicano and Latino-related educational events and gatherings, and was also well known for its history of mural art. In Casa Zapata, <mask> contributed to this tradition, and painted several murals with students. His most well-known mural is the critically acclaimed "Last Supper of Chicano Heroes" in the Casa Zapata dining hall. The students of the dorm filled out a survey about who their heroes were, then Burciaga placed these figures sitting around the table in the traditional image of "The Last Supper." Included in this image were people such as Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, Ignacio Zaragoza, César Chávez, Che Guevara, Martin Luther King Jr. and others. It is part of a larger mural entitled "The History of Maize."Both of the Burciagas served as Resident Fellows until 1994. As a writer, <mask> became increasingly successful in the late 1980s and early 1990s with the publication of several books. Weedee Peepo (1988), Drink Cultura (1993), and Spilling the Beans (1995) are all collections of essay exploring social issues with a bilingual blend of wit and wisdom. His 1992 book of poetry, Undocumented Love, won the American Book Award. Through his writings, he regularly spoke at various community-based events for social justice in the San Francisco Bay Area including East Palo Alto, Redwood City, and San Jose. <mask> was intensely involved in supporting actions for social justice including opposing anti-immigration movements such as California Proposition 187 and other English-only policies. In 1995, while in remission from cancer, <mask> won the Hispanic Heritage Award for Literature.<mask> died on October 7, 1996. At the time, he was

masks: Burciaga Burciaga Burciaga Burciaga Burciaga


title: José Antonio Burciaga

texts:
 working on his first novel about a group of friends growing up in El Paso, Texas. In 1997, In Few Words/ En Pocas Palabras: A Compendium of Latino Folk Wit and Wisdom, was published posthumously. <mask>'s success as a muralist, poet, journalist, and humorist was in his versatility and virtuosity with language. He wrote in Spanish, English, and combinations of the two to express social criticism and his deep feelings of alienation. Francisco Lomelí and Donaldo Urioste, in their review (De Colores, 1977) of Restless Serpents (1976), said that his poetry "is powered by an incisive sense of irony with the purpose of criticizing set or ignored truths.... His critical approach becomes effective because his attacks avoid demagogic or abstract declarations." <mask>'s appeal as a writer lay in his sense of humor, which he used to satirize the rigidity of a system still clinging to traditions of racism and discrimination.(2008)

Further reading

 Rindfleisch, Jan, with articles by Maribel Alvarez and Raj Jayadev, edited by Nancy Hom and Ann Sherman. Roots and Offshoots: Silicon Valley's Arts Community. Santa Clara, CA: Ginger Press., 2017. See also

 History of the Mexican-Americans in Texas

References

External links
 <mask> <mask> (1940–1996) Cal-State Northridge, 20 years of Culture Clash
 <mask> Burciaga Galeria de la Raza
 Jose <mask> Papers housed at Stanford University Libraries

20th-century American novelists
University of Texas at El Paso alumni
American writers of Mexican descent
Mission District, San Francisco
1996 deaths
1940 births
Hispanic and Latino American novelists
People from El Paso, Texas
Novelists from Texas
Painters from Texas
American muralists
20th-century American poets
American male novelists
American male essayists
American male poets
American male short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century American essayists
American Book Award winners
20th-century American

masks:
Burciaga
Burciaga
José Antonio
Burciaga
José Antonio
Antonio Burciaga


title: Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol

texts:
<mask> (1789-1855) was wealthy and influential Guatemalan merchant family and an important conservative politician. A younger son of the first marquis of Aycinena, peninsular-born <mask>cinena (1729-1796), <mask> was a leader of Guatemalan independence from Spain. He served governor of the State of Guatemala in the Central American Federation from 1 March 1827 to 12 April 1829 and patriarch of the <mask>io. He was one of the signatories of Central American independence and lobbied heavily for the annexation of Central America to the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide. This arrangement would keep the family's economic position and privileges following independence. After being expelled along with the <mask> family in 1829 after being defeated by Francisco Morazán, went into exile in the United States and then to Mexico.He came back to Guatemala after the conservatives had allied with general Rafael Carrera; but then he retired from public life and hand the <mask>cinena family leadership to Juan José <mask> <mask>. Biography

Member and leader of the most influential family in the Guatemalan region during the Spanish colonial era, he clashed with Captain General <mask> Bustamante <mask> when <mask> <mask> was in charge of the Ayuntamiento (city council) in 1812. In 1821, Fernando VII power in Spain was weakened by French invasions and other conflicts, and Mexico declared the Plan de Iguala; this led <mask> <mask> and other criollos to demand the weak Captain General Gabino Gaínza to declare Guatemala and the rest of Central America as an independent entity. <mask> <mask> was one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence of Central America from the Spanish Empire, and then lobbied strongly for the annexation of Central America to the Mexican Empire of Agustín <mask>, due to its conservative and ecclesiastical nature. <mask> remained in the legislature and was advisor of the Governors of Guatemala in the

masks:
Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol
Juan Fermín de Ay
Mariano
Aycinenaado de Comerc
Aycinena
Ay
de Aycinena
y Piñol
José de
y Guerra
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
y Piñol
de Itbide
Aycinena


title: Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol

texts:
 next few years. In October 1826, Central American Federation president Manuel José <mask> <mask> dissolved the Legislature and tried to establish a Unitarian System for the region, switching from the Liberal to the Conservative party, that <mask> led. The rest of Central America did not want this system; they wanted the <mask> family out of power altogether, and therefore, the Central American Civil War (1826-1829) started.From this war emerged the dominant figure of the Honduran general Francisco Morazán. Governor of the State of Guatemala

<mask> was appointed as Governor of Guatemala on 1 March 1827 by president Manuel José Arce. His time in office was a dictatorship: he censored free press and any book with liberal
ideology was forbidden. He also establisher Martial Law and the retroactive death penalty. He reinstated mandatory tithing for the secular clergy of the Catholic Church

Invasion of General Morazán in 1829

Morazán and his liberal forces were fighting around San Miguel, in El Salvador beating any conservative federal forces sent by Guatemalan general Manuel Arzú from San Salvador. Then, Arzú decided to take matters in his own hands and left colonel Montúfar in charge of San Salvador and went after Morazan. After realizing that Arzu was after him, Morazan left for Honduras to look for more volunteers for his army.On September 20, Manuel Arzá was close to the Lempa River with 500 men, when he was notified that the rest of his army had capitulated in San Salvador. Morazan then went back to El Salvador with a considerable army and general Arzú, feigning a sickness, fled to Guatemala, leaving lieutenant colonel <mask> <mask> in command. <mask> and his 500 troops were going to Honduras when they were intercepted by Morazan troops in San Antonio, forcing <mask>cinena to concede defeat on October 9. With <mask>na defeat, there were no more conservative federal troops in El Salvador. On October 23, general

masks:
de Arce
y Fagoaga
Aycinena
Ayna
Aycinena
Antonio de
Aycinena
Aycinena
Ay
Aycine


title: Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol

texts: Morazán marched triumphally in San Salvador. A few days later, he went to Ahuachapán, to organize an army to take down the conservative aristocrats led by <mask> <mask> in Guatemala and establish a regime favorable to the central American Federation that was the dream of the liberal criollos. Upon learning this, <mask> <mask> tried to negotiate with Morazán to no avail: Morazán was willing to take down the aristocrats at all costs.After his victory in San Miguelito, Morazán's army increased in size given that a lot of voluntaries from Guatemala joined him. On March 15, when Morazan and his army were on their way to occupy their previous positions, they were intercepted by federal troops in Las Charcas. However, Morazán had a better position and smashed the federal army. The battle field was left littered with corpses, while the allies took a great number of prisoners and weaponry. The allies continued to recapture their old positions in San José Pinula and Aceituno, and place Guatemala City under siege once again. General Verveer, Ambassador from the ruler of The Netherlands and Belgium before the Central American government and who was in Guatemala to negotiate the construction of a transoceanic canal in Nicaragua, tried to mediate between the State of Guatemala and Morazán, but did not succeed. Military operations continued, with great success for the allies.To prepare for the siege from Morazán troops, on 18 March 1829, <mask> decreed martial law, but he was soundly defeated. On 12 April 1829, <mask> conceded defeat and he and Morazán signed an armistice pact; then, he was sent to prison, along with his Cabinet members and the <mask> family was secluded in their mansion. Morazán, however, annulled the pact on April 20, since his real objective was to take power away from the conservatives and the Catholic Church in Guatemala, whom the Central American leaders despised since they had had the commerce and power

masks:
Mariano Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycinena
Aycinena


title: Mariano de Aycinena y Piñol

texts:
 monopoly during the Spanish Colony. In these battles Rafael Carrera was only a 15-year-old soldier, whose family suffered humiliation and mistreatment by Morazán's troops; José Batres Montúfar and Miguel García Granados also fought for Guatemala and were taken prisoners;  and Manuel Francisco Pavón <mask>, cousin of <mask> <mask>, was a lieutenant colonel in the  Guatemalan Army. Exile

On 26 April 1829, from prison, <mask> sent a letter a Morazán, protesting the pact annulment. He also pointed out to the liberal leader that there was no reason to break the pact and that, after all, he was the only responsible for what had happened and not the rest of the <mask> family. But Morazán expelled all of them and most of the regular clergy from Central America and confiscated most of their belongings.He returned to Guatemala six years later, but had to go into exile once again, this time to Comitán, México. Finally, he returned to Guatemala in 1837, was in the legislature and was in charge of the Consulado de Comercio -Conservartive Merchant association of Guatemala-. Death

<mask> <mask> returned to Guatemala after general Rafael Carrera established himself firmly in power. <mask> retired from public life, handing over the <mask>na family leadership to Juan José <mask> <mask>. He died in 1855, at a time that Manuel Francisco Pavón <mask> had been successful in naming Carrera as President for Life and Guatemala was prosperous and in peace for the first time since the Independence. See also

 Francisco Morazán

References

Bibliography

Wortman, Miles. Government and Society in Central America, 1680-1840.(1982)

Notes

1789 births
1855 deaths
People from Guatemala City
Conservatism in Guatemala
Guatemalan people of Spanish descent
Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala alumni
19th-century Guatemalan people
Guatemalan politicians
Members of the <mask> family in Central

masks:
Aycinena
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycinena
Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycine
de Aycinena
y Piñol
Aycinena
Aycinena


title: John Angelo Jackson

texts:
<mask> (24 March 1921 – 2 July 2005) was an English mountaineer, explorer and educationalist. Early life
He was brought up and educated in Nelson, Lancashire. Before World War II, he was apprenticed in pharmacy. However, at the outbreak of war, he left to volunteer for the R.A.F. in which he served for six years. He flew with No. 31 Squadron RAF in India and Burma, flying in much needed supplies to the 14th Army who were stranded behind Japanese lines, for which he was mentioned in despatches.After the war he became a schoolmaster. He taught geography and science in Nelson and Redcar, during which time he would voluntarily undertake extracurricular activities after school hours and weekends introducing his students to the mountains. He was an avid and skilful photographer, something that lasted throughout his life, much of this work was used on lecture tours around the world, books that he wrote, pictures and detailed information for books that other people requested for their publications, magazine articles, the BBC etc. Mountaineering and educational achievements

He started climbing on the Yorkshire Moors, and later moved to the Lake District and Scotland. His experience as a first-class rock climber was crucial to becoming Instructor and later Chief Instructor at the RAF Mountaineering Centre at Sonamarg in Kashmir. 1944 Chief Instructor at the R.A.F. Mountain Training Centre, Kashmir Himalaya
 1952 Member of the British N.W.Garhwal Expedition – Central Himalaya
 1953 First reserve on the first ascent of Chomolungma (Mount Everest) (pre-monsoon), and was involved with all initial training including climbing in North Wales with oxygen tanks. <mask> was a full member of

masks:
John Angelo Jackson
Jackson


title: John Angelo Jackson

texts:
 the post monsoon expedition, however as the first expedition summited the post monsoon expedition was cancelled. Further related information can be found in the Pen-y-Gwryd article. 1954 Was the mountaineering leader of the Daily Mail Abominable Snowman Expedition (Yeti), where the first trek from Everest to Kangchenjunga was completed. 1955 Published his first book, More than Mountains. 1955 Member of the 1955 British Kangchenjunga expedition which climbed the 28,208 ft mountain, the third-highest in the world. He reached and set up camp five (out of six) with Tom Mackinon.The entire group would have summited except for the encroaching monsoon which prevented this. 1957 October 28. Two years as Chief Instructor at Plas y Brenin, <mask> having resigned after only a short period, working for The Central Council of Physical Recreation (CCPR). Early 1960 was a Senior member of Sir <mask>'s expedition to North East Greenland, Stauning Alps. A mixed group of mountaineers and scientists but also (and a credit to the expedition) were 18 Duke of Edinburgh Gold Award winners. <mask> was a big proponent of the Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme. 1960 He became the second Director/Warden of Plas y Brenin for a further sixteen years until 1976.During his tenure at Plas y Brenin, to highlight just a few achievements:
 First dry ski slope in North Wales built mainly by staff but in the main by Richard McHardy, it was a great success and would attract people from all over Wales and England. The first cross-country dry ski track in Wales and possibly the UK, later tested and used by the British Biathlon Team. Two snow-making projects, the first being at Rhyddolion above Betws-y-Coed North

masks:
John Disley
John Hunt
Jackson


title: John Angelo Jackson

texts:
 Wales using an underpowered compressor, the second being at Bryn Engan, Plas y Brenin with a more powerful compressor
 Instigator of the Mountain Leader Training Board along with Sir Jack Longland, the MLT Certificate and the Mountain Instructor Certificate. Built the first all-weather training pool for teaching canoeing and life-saving skills and still very much in action to this day. He understood the value of marketing and would devote a good part of his time single-handedly lecturing to colleges, universities, Local Education Authorities, schools, Mountaineering – Climbing – Walking and ski clubs (anyone who wanted to use the outdoors) to encourage people to use the Centre; his approach proved an enormous success and was pivotal in establishing Plas y Brenin as a world leader in outdoor education. Took the first early ski and ski mountaineering groups to the Italian Dolomites; these were the "Dolomiti Superski" courses at Plas Menai and now are now mainstay activities at both outdoor centres. It was always a high point when staff took up prominent positions or created their own projects that became successful.For example, Don Roscoe and Barbara Sparks went on to run the Outdoor Education Department at UCNW Bangor, Dave Alcock went on from being a Mountaineering Instructor to be the Director of Plas y Brenin for eleven years, Roger Orgill was twice Chief Instructor (after resigning at least once) was an avid committee man and was awarded an MBE. 1963 Member of Trans-Pindus Expedition, Greece – Leader <mask>
 1970s Published Safety on Mountains for the CCPR in the very early 1970s, which reached its 8th reprint by 1972 (18p). 1976 "The Himachal Expedition": with his


title: John Angelo Jackson

texts:
 Sports Minister Dennis Howell, he was able to build the canoe training pool, extend the dry ski slope and provide a Bar which added greatly to the existing facilities of the Centre. Wrote extensively for many magazines and journals, e.g.Climber and Rambler, The Great Outdoors, The Himalayan Club, The Fell and Rock Journal and the Alpine Journal. Success Factors
<mask>'s successes came from a complete love of being in the mountains, his direct and single mindedly focused attitude in bringing about necessary changes in safety in the mountains, quality instruction and training, and the importance of having this process monitored and certifiable qualifications be obtained. <mask>'s determined approach often brought him into conflict with the politically motivated individuals in the sport, they would wait until he retired in an attempt to redress old scores, however despite these difficulties he still managed to establish Plas y Brenin as the pre-eminent outdoor pursuits centre in the UK and was known worldwide for its excellence. Later life
He ran (with the aid of his wife, <mask>) countless treks to the Himalaya, Zanskar, Kashmir, Nepal, India, Peru, Ecuador & Galapagos Islands, Kilimanjaro. It is important to relate that he did not do this for money – he received no payment for these services as he considered it his "hobby" – he did this work for the love of travel, for the people who wanted to experience the mountains he held in such high regard. In June 2005, he was interviewed for the last time, by Jamie Owen for BBC Wales during the making of a series of documentaries for Welsh television "Welsh Journeys". In this interview, he again re-affirmed his love for mountains,

masks:
Jackson
Jackson
Eileen Jackson


title: John Angelo Jackson

texts:
 Wales, lives experiences and also the view that mountains were for everybody.Publications
 <mask><mask> Climbers Guide to Sonamarg  Kashmir published by the Himalayan Club in 1944/45 and revised by JAJ in 1976
 <mask> A<mask>, More than Mountains (first published in 1955 by George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd)
 <mask>,  Safety on Mountains (8th Edition published by (CCPR) The Central Council of Physical Recreation, in 1972, Illustrated by Gordon F. Mansell)
 <mask>,  Safety on Mountains (revised for the (BMC) British Mountaineering Council 1974/1975 Reprinted 1976, Illustrated by Reg Cartwright, )
 <mask>, <mask>, Tim Jepson, Safety on Mountains: An Approach to Mountain Adventure for Beginners (BMC, 1988/1989,  )
 <mask> <mask>, Adventure Travels in the Himalaya (First published in 2005 by Indus Publishing, New Delhi, ,  www.indusbooks.com), Foreword by Harish Kapadia

Further reading
 "The Alpine Journal", Vol. 66, No. 303, 1961. pp. 250–260, 1960 Greenland Expedition by J.A<mask>, A. Blacksahw and Ian McNaught-Davis
 "The Himalayan Journal", No. 41, pp. 25 & 41, 1988
 "The Himalayan Club – 50th Anniversary Ascent of Kangchenjunga", The Himalayan Journal, 2005."The Splendid Enterprise – The First Fifty Years of Plas y Brenin The National Mountain Centre (UK)", by Lyndsey King, Published 2006,
 <mask> <mask> Resume/CV

Other reference material
Jamie Owen, Welsh Journeys (Published in 2005, by Gomer Press, www.gomer.co.uk, , Snowdonia – pages 79 – 101)

External links
External Website
 <mask> <mask> website

Books still in Print
 Adventure Travels in the Himalaya

Obituaries
 The Guardian
 The Times
 The Daily Telegraph
 The Independent
 Daily Post
  The Gorphwysfa Club, Wales

masks:
John A
. Jackson
John
. Jackson
John Jackson
John Jackson
John Jackson
John Barry
John Angelo
Jackson
. Jackson
John Angelo
Jackson
John Angelo
Jackson


title: Mery Godigna Collet

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, April 8, 1959 in Caracas, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan artist, writer, philanthropist and environmental advocate living in Austin, Texas. Early life

The <mask> family moved to Europe when she was 3 years old. She spent her childhood and adolescence in Spain, France and Italy. She returned to Caracas, Venezuela and studied art, design and architecture earning a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1987 from Universidad Central de Venezuela. In the early 70s, while living in Madrid, Spain, she attended as an unregistered student (due to her young age) to the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando where she discovered the power of art to communicate and promote causes. Artist

Since the beginning of her career <mask> explores the coexistence between humans and environment through social and political issues. Her art work is supported by the versatile use of diverse materials, applied in installations, paintings, sculptures, photography and video, challenging the viewer through the use of new techniques and unconventional materials in the making of her art.As a minimalistic conceptualist, her own approach to the materials and techniques used in the artwork is that concepts translate through matter. Environmental advocate

Her work is based in promoting a conscious use of natural resources and technology. Since 2007, for her exhibitions she holds discussion panels pertinent to the show, that bring together the community and experts in diverse fields as well as workshops which promote ecological awareness. During interviews on radio, television or magazines, she makes a call for reflection over environmental issues. In 2012 her work was selected to be

masks:
Mery Godigna Collet
Mery Beatriz Antonieta Godigna Collet
Godigna Collet
Godigna Collet


title: Mery Godigna Collet

texts:
 displayed and to be the image of a conference about issues of dependence on oil as an energy source and on the human rights consequences of that reliance, held at the University of Texas at Austin organized by the Center for Global Energy, International Arbitration, and Environmental Law and the Bernard and Audre Rapoport Center for Human Rights and Justice. In 2016 her artwork "Let's Talk Volume" was selected by the City of Austin, Texas through the program of Art in Public Places, to be installed for the occasion of celebrating International Environment Day. Philanthropist

Through her art and its visual power to provoke thought, <mask> <mask> Lee Benson Latin American Collection at the University of Texas at Austin, and she gives free lectures about the subject. Writer

<mask> <mask> <mask> has published in limited edition and in Spanish two books; "Nightly Exercises Notebook" (1995) and "Made with Fiber" (2003), and three art research studies "Matter, Time, and Space" (1997), "Metallic Light" (2006), "Extra Virgin Petrus Oil", 2008. She collaborated with Le Club monthly magazine in Caracas, Venezuela, La Gazette du Jeudi, weekly publication in Paris France, and currently contributes to Viceversa magazine in New York. Career

<mask> <mask> <mask> has participated in 26 solo and 36 group exhibitions in Venezuela, Colombia, Mexico, Spain, Italy, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, New York, Miami, New Mexico and Texas. In 1985 and 1986 she was an assistant professor in Design 07 and Taller Ventrillon (hand free drawing) at Universidad Central.In 1990 she founded the utilitarian art firm Neo-Arkhos and served as Director until 1994 promoting contemporary designers. From

masks: Godigna Collettie Mery Godigna Collet Mery Godigna Collet


title: Louis Daniel Brodsky

texts:
<mask> (<mask>, L. D. <mask>) (April 17, 1941 – June 16, 2014) was an American poet, short story writer, and Faulkner scholar. Life
<mask> was born in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1941, where he attended St. Louis Country Day School. After earning a B.A., magna cum laude, at Yale University in 1963, he received an M.A. in English from Washington University in 1967 and an M.A. in Creative Writing from San Francisco State University the following year. He married Jan Hofmann July 8, 1970 and had two children. From 1968 to 1987, while continuing to write poetry, he assisted in managing a 350-person men’s-clothing factory in Farmington, Missouri, and started one of the Midwest’s first factory-outlet apparel chains.From 1980 to 1991, he taught English and creative writing, part-time, at Mineral Area College, in nearby Flat River. From 1987 onward, he lived in St. Louis, with his wife and his daughter and son, and devoted himself to composing poems and short fictions. <mask> authored eighty-four volumes of poetry (five of which have been published in French by Éditions Gallimard) and twenty-five volumes of prose, including nine books of scholarship on William Faulkner and nine books of short fictions. His poems and essays have appeared in Harper’s, Faulkner Journal, Southern Review, Texas Quarterly, National Forum, American Scholar, Studies in Bibliography, Kansas Quarterly, Forum, Cimarron Review, and Literary Review, as well as in Ariel, Acumen, Orbis, New Welsh Review, Dalhousie Review, and other journals. His work has also been printed in five editions of the Anthology of

masks:
Louis Daniel Brodsky
Louis Brodsky
Brodsky
Louis Daniel Brodsky
Brodsky


title: Louis Daniel Brodsky

texts:
 Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry. <mask>’s You Can’t Go Back, Exactly won the Center for Great Lakes Culture's (Michigan State University) 2004 best book of poetry award. His most recent books of poetry include A Mississippi Trilogy and The Words of My Mouth and The Meditations of My Heart, which he wrote during his year-plus-long journey living with brain cancer.He died of cancer in June 2014. Work

You can learn more about <mask> Brodsky and read samples of his most recent work by visiting his web site at: http://www.louisdanielbrodsky.com

Bibliography

Poetry
(all published by Time Being Books, St. Louis, MO):
 Five Facets of Myself (1967)* (1995)
 The Easy Philosopher (1967)* (1995)
 A Hard Coming of It and Other Poems (1967)* (1995)
 The Foul Rag-and-Bone Shop (1967)* (1969, exp. )* (1995, exp.) Points in Time (1971)* (1995) (1996)
 Taking the Back Road Home (1972)* (1997) (2000)
 Trip to Tipton and Other Compulsions (1973)* (1997)
 The Talking Machine and Other Poems (1974)* (1997)
 Tiffany Shade (1974)* (1997)
 Trilogy: A Birth Cycle (1974) (1998)
 Cold Companionable Streams (1975)* (1999)
 Monday's Child (1975) (1998)
 Preparing for Incarnations (1975)* (1976, exp.) (1999) (1999, exp.) The Kingdom of Gewgaw (1976) (2000)
 Point of Americas II (1976) (1998)
 La Preciosa (1977) (2001)
 Stranded in the Land of Transients (1978) (2000)
 The Uncelebrated Ceremony of Pants-Factory Fatso (1978) (2001)
 Birds in Passage (1980) (2001)
 Résumé of a Scrapegoat (1980) (2001)
 Mississippi Vistas: Volume One of A Mississippi Trilogy(1983) (1990)
 You Can't Go

masks:
Brodsky
Louis Daniel


title: Louis Daniel Brodsky

texts:
 Back, Exactly (1988, two eds.) (1989) (2003, exp.)(short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2004)
 Rated Xmas (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2004)
 Pigskinizations (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2005)
 With One Foot in the Butterfly Farm (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2009)
 Getting to Unknow the Neighbors (short fictions) (Time Being Books, 2011)

 Memoir
 The Adventures of the Night Riders, Better Known as the Terrible Trio (with Richard Milsten) (1961)*

(* unpublished text)

 References
The Brodsky Collection. Center for Faulkner Studies Site, Southeast Missouri State University
Louis Daniel Brodsky. Louis Daniel Brodsky Site
Time Being Books. Time Being Books Site
<mask>, <mask>. "Rearview Mirror" and "Death Comes to the Salesman." Harper's Magazine 260 March 1980: 22. <mask>, <mask>."'Elder Watson in Heaven': Poet Faulkner as Satirist." The Faulkner Journal I Fall 1985: 2-7; "'Pappy' Faulkner's Recipe for Curing Pork." The Faulkner Journal II Fall 1986: 73-74; "Faulkner's Wounded Art: The Aftermath of Hollywood and World War II." The Faulkner Journal II Spring 1987: 55-66. <mask>, <mask>. "William Faulkner: Poet at Large." The Southern Review VIII Fall 1982: 767-775; "Manager of Outlet Stores," "Joseph K.," and "Between Connections." The Southern Review 18 Winter 1982: 175-178; "A Day in the Life of Willy Sypher" and "Résumé of a Scrapegoat."The Southern Review 19 Spring 1983: 366-369; "Willy's Southern Route" and "Between Seasons." The Southern Review 20 Autumn 1984: 890-893; "Reflections on William Faulkner: An Interview with Albert I. Bezzerides."

masks:
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis D


title: Louis Daniel Brodsky

texts:
 The Southern Review 21 Spring 1985: 376-403; "Guilty Until Proven Innocent" and "Young Willy Services Two Major Accounts." The Southern Review 22 Summer 1986: 558-559; "Faulkner's Life Masks." The Southern Review 22 Autumn 1986: 738-765; "Faulkner and the Racial Crisis, 1956." The Southern Review 24 Autumn 1988: 791-807; "The Faulkners, the Franklins, and the Fieldens: A Conversation with Victoria Fielden Johnson."The Southern Review 25 Winter 1989: 95-131
<mask>, <mask>. "A Sky filled With Trees." The American Scholar 17 March 1978
<mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. "Faulkner's 'L'Apres-Midi D'Un Faune': The Evolution of a Poem." Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Three. Ed. Fredson Bowers.Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1980. 254-263; "Additional Manuscripts of Faulkner's 'A Dead Dancer.'" Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Four. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1981. 267-270; "The Autograph Manuscripts of Faulkner's 'The Lilacs.'"Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Six. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1983. 240-252; "The Textual Development of Faulkner's 'Wash.'" Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Seven. Ed.Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1984. 248-281; "A Textual History of Faulkner's 'The Wishing-Tree' and 'The Wishing Tree.'" Studies in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Eight. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1985.330-374; "The 1961 Andrés Bello Award: William Faulkner's Original Acceptance Speech." Studies

masks:
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel


title: Louis Daniel Brodsky

texts:
 in Bibliography, Volume Thirty-Nine. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1986. 277-281; "William Faulkner's 'Impressions' of 'Danzas Venezuela': The Original Manuscripts." Studies in Bibliography, Volume Forty.Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1987. 226-229; " William Faulkner's 1962 Gold Medal Speech." Studies in Bibliography, Volume Forty-One. Ed. Fredson Bowers.Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1988. 315-321. <mask>, <mask>. "My Flying Machine," "Buffalo," and "Weeding in January." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1980. 45-46; "Death Comes to a Salesman," "Ancestry," and "In Bib Overalls, Work Shirt, and Boots." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1981.49-51; "A Day in the Life of Willy Sypher," "Redbuds," and "Great-Grandmother." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1984. 55-57; "Willy's Southern Route" and "Inundation." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1985. 46-48; "Young Willy Services Two Major Accounts" and "A Renewal of Faith." Anthology of Magazine Verse and Yearbook of American Poetry 1986-1988. 62-64.The Center for Great Lakes Culture. The Center for Great Lakes Culture Site Michigan State University
Time Being Books. Time Being Books Site
Robert Hamblin. Robert Hamblin Site
<mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Selections from the William Faulkner Collection of <mask> <mask>: A Descriptive Catalogue. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1979. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert

masks:
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Brodsky
Louis Daniel


title: Louis Daniel Brodsky

texts:
 W. Hamblin.Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume I: The Biobibliography. Jackson: The University of Virginia Press, 1982. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume II: The Letters. Jackson: The University Press of Mississippi, 1984. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume III: The De Gaulle Story.Jackson: The University Press of Mississippi, 1984. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume IV: Battle Cry. Jackson: The University Press of Mississippi, 1985. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin. Faulkner: A Comprehensive Guide to the Brodsky Collection, Volume V: Manuscripts and Documents. Jackson and London: The University Press of Mississippi, 1989.<mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin, editors. Country Lawyer and Other Stories for the Screen by William Faulkner. Jackson and London: The University Press of Mississippi, 1987. <mask>, <mask>, and Robert W. Hamblin, editors. Stallion Road: A Screenplay by William Faulkner. Jackson and London: The University Press of Mississippi, 1989. <mask>, <mask>.William Faulkner, Life Glimpses''. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1990. References

External links
 Louis Daniel Brodsky
 Time Being Books
 Center for Faulkner Studies at Southeast Missouri State University

1941 births
American male poets
Living people
Poets from Missouri
Writers from St. Louis
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Yale University

masks:
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel
Brodsky
Louis Daniel


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts: <mask> or Dicul Buicescul, also known as Diicu Buicescu and Diicu din Epotești (? – ca. July 1659), was a Wallachian statesman, noted as the designated heir of Prince Matei Basarab. A commoner on his father's side, he belonged to the boyardom of Oltenia through his mother's family. His political rise began when Matei, his maternal relative, seized the throne. <mask> alternated civilian offices and command postings in the Wallachian military forces, culminating with his appointment as Spatharios in January 1645. His main military involvement came during the wars opposing Wallachia and the Principality of Transylvania to Vasile Lupu's Moldavia.He saw action during the 1650 invasion of Moldavia, resulting in Gheorghe Ștefan's appointment as the puppet Moldavian Prince. In 1653 Buicescul was soundly defeated by Lupu and his Cossack allies, whose invasion of Wallachia was only overturned by Prince Matei's stand at Finta. Unpersuaded by claims that Buicescul was arrogant and militarily incompetent, the childless Matei designated Buicescul as his successor. The boyardom rallied around a rival pretender, Constantin Șerban. Sidelined by the Prince and the Spatharios, Șerban orchestrated in 1654 a revolt of the Seimeni mercenaries, which contributed to the weakening of Matei's regime. When the Prince died after illness in early 1655, Șerban managed to outbid Buicescul for the throne, arriving in Târgoviște while his

masks: Diicul Diicul


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts:
 rival was still stranded in Oltenia. A short truce between them was curbed by Buicescul's alleged participation in conspiratorial intrigues; the Spatharios was deposed, then mutilated, to prevent his candidacy for the throne.In 1655, another Seimeni rebellion drove the Buicesculs into Transylvania. <mask> returned with the Transylvanian troops of George II Rákóczi. Reconciling with Prince Constantin under Rákóczi's tutelage, he served as Wallachia's Clucer, and was reconfirmed as such by Constantin's replacement, Mihnea III. The conflict between Mihnea and his boyars also signaled <mask>'s downfall and beheading, which happened in 1659. His son Papa returned to Wallachia and held important office; his grandson <mask> II served as Spatharios under Constantin Brâncoveanu. <mask>'s sons-in-law included Drăghici Cantacuzino and Staico Bucșanu, both of whom were important players in late-17th-century Wallachian politics. Biography

Rise
Buicescul was probably a native of Buicești, the family's demesne in what is now Olt County.He is known to have had at least one sister, from whom he had a favorite nephew, Tudor. Their father was Ioan Buicescul; their mother, Maria (or Mara), was a relative—either niece or cousin—of Aga Matei Basarab. In his overview of Wallachian politics, the Melkite traveler Paul of Aleppo notes that Buicescul was, or was perceived to be, an ibn fellah, translated as "son of peasants" or

masks: Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts: "son of nobody". As noted by genealogist Constantin Gane, the Buicesculs were commoners of obscure origins. The first recorded member of the family was Diicul's paternal grandfather, the Jupân Mitre. Also according to Gane, Buicești was actually inherited from Maria, having been an estate of the more ancient Craiovești family, from which both Diicul and Aga Matei descended. This account is also backed by scholar I. Ionașcu.Ionașcu acknowledged the lack of any record detailing <mask>'s youth, but proposed that he followed Aga Matei in his perennial battles with Prince Leon Tomșa. He believes that Buicescul may have followed his uncle or cousin in exile to the Principality of Transylvania, refusing Leon's peace offerings. Ultimately, in 1632, Matei seized the throne of Wallachia. In the aftermath, all of the Agas relatives, including Buicescul, were appointed to high office. On July 6, 1635, Buicescul became a Cupar (Cup-bearer, or assistant Paharnic) for the court in Bucharest, serving to October 20, 1638. From November 1638, he was a Great Șufar, or Intendant, in the Wallachian civil service. From July 3, 1639 to January 30, 1644, Buicescul was Aga, and as such supervised part of the Wallachian military forces.His main assignment was supervising the fortifications of Târgoviște, rebuilt under his watch. This office was not yet annexed to the Boyar Council, but allowed Diicul a steady revenue in bribes,


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts: of the Seimeni mercenaries, and managed to exhaust the Basarab regime.Although they survived the uprising, both the Princess and Prince were dead by April 1654. This resulted in a heated competition for the throne, during which, historian Gábor Kármán notes, Buicescul emerged as a favorite of the Transylvanian Prince, George II Rákóczi. However, the Spatharios had been called to his country estate by the illness of his son; Șerban, meanwhile, was at Dobreni, allowing him to seize the opportunity and leave for Târgoviște, where the Seimeni imposed him as Prince. Paul of Aleppo records an important role for the Spatharios during Șerban's investiture, although it is not known if this testimony refers to Buicescul or to his known successor, Hrizea of Bogdănei. The same author informs that "the old Spatharios" was welcomed back from Buicești, and solemnly reconfirmed. However, Buicescul returned to his intrigues, "out of haughtiness and arrogance", prompting the Prince to depose him. Prince Constantin eventually arrested Buicescul and ordered him mutilated with the same "carving at the nose".As noted by Paul of Aleppo, <mask> barely escaped the death penalty, only because "some spoke in his favor". Paul also argues that mutilation was no longer an obstacle for the throne, with Șerban's own nose having "healed". In late 1654 or early 1655, a new Seimeni revolt placed the boyars in mortal danger; Buicescul and


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts: his family escaped by fleeing into Transylvania, settling at Corona. Historian A. D. Xenopol proposes that Rákóczi had extended his personal protection to the Buicesculs. On May 20, he signed his name to a boyars' letter which pleaded with Rákóczi to intervene against the Seimeni "foreigners". The boyars did not endorse Buicescul's claim to the throne, specifically because, they claimed, he had embezzled the Wallachian treasury and all private funds placed in his care. A boyars' letter to Rákóczi, also signed by Wallachian Metropolitan Ignațiu, claimed that the 30,000 thaler Diicul had deposited in Hermannstadt were entirely stolen, in complicity with his nephew Tudor.Rákóczi sided with the boyars and confiscated the money, retaining half of it for his own expenses. <mask> returned to Wallachia at some point before December 1655. The Seimeni, who had placed Spatharios Hrizea on the Wallachian throne, had by then been defeated and massacred by Transylvanian and Moldavian troops. This maneuver greatly increased Rákóczi's say in Wallachian politics. Upon securing his crown under Transylvania's tutelage, Constantin Șerban also became more tolerant of the Buicescul clan. On June 30, 1656, he made Diicul his Great Clucer, allowing him to serve in that position to August 18, 1657. Around that time, he issued a deed recognizing the Buicesculs as landlords of Arcești.A new Prince, Mihnea III, seized the throne in


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts:
 early 1658. After a brief hiatus, Buicescul was again appointed Clucer on December 9 of that year, and continued to serve until June 12, 1659. By then, however, he had fallen afoul of the Prince, who ordered a purge of the boyardom. Buicescul was eventually captured and killed before the end of 1659. Various researchers note that the execution was a retaliation for his cooperation with, and matrimonial ties to, the dissident Cantacuzino family. According to historian Constantin Rezachevici, Buicescul and his family belonged to the Cantacuzinos in the larger definition, which is "an actual boyar faction". Some scholars also record that the former Spatharios was killed by decapitation.Ionașcu mentions the general circumstances of this clampdown, proposing that Buicescul may have been killed in a manner similar to other boyars, who were strangled or lynched at Curtea Veche; however, he too notes that Buicescul was actually beheaded, or "slashed". Rezachevici believes that Buicescul and Spatharios Udriște Năsturel were assassinated together at Curtea Veche, in July 1659; the new Clucer was Mihai Argetoianu. Legacy

<mask> Buicescul was married twice, to a Dumitra of Arcești, and later, according to some disputed records, to a Lady Bălașa. Buicescul's eldest son, the Paharnic Papa, born ca. 1630–1633, was probably groomed by Rákóczi to take over as puppet ruler of Wallachia, following his father's


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts: Buicescul was thus the grandfather of Spatharios Pârvu II Cantacuzino, making him the great-great-grandfather of Pârvu III and Rodion Cantacuzino. Although Papa Buicescul was, later in life, an enemy of Prince Șerban Cantacuzino, this connection spared him his life. The Cantacuzinos honored <mask>'s memory, notably by depicting him in a collective fresco at their church in Măgureni. By then, Calița had married Mihăilă Ghinea of Brătășani; their two sons, Drăghici and Fota, never reached political significance. Marica's husband, Staico Bucșanu, was an enemy of Prince Constantin Brâncoveanu, who ordered him hanged ca. 1693; their line was extinguished with his death.Papa had three children, of whom the only son, <mask> II, served as Spatharios under Prince Brâncoveanu. From 1679, he had also been awarded Transylvanian citizenship and was granted a coat of arms by Michael I Apafi. His estate was sold off: in 1691, Brâncoveanu purchased from <mask> II the village of Gioroc, which he later donated to Horezu Monastery; in 1697, another one of Papa's estates, at Constantinești, was purchased by the local peasants. Having bought himself a new demesne at Bălcești, <mask> II sued his cousin Sára and his nephew Ádám Székely for their share of the Buicescul estate. <mask> II died childless some time after 1705; his main possessions went to Vintilă Bucșanu, and to Bucșanu's daughters. By then, Papa's widow Dumitrana

masks: Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul Diicul


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts: had also sold her land in Bârzoteni to the Starets of Horezu. At an unknown date, Brâncoveanu also bought Arcești, which had been owned collectively by Papa's daughters.Like his aunts, <mask> II's sisters took prominent boyars as their husbands. Of them, another Stanca married Paharnic Cornea Brăiloiu of Târgu Jiu, who was one of Brâncoveanu's trusted diplomats. Two of their sons, Barbu and Dumitrașco, surrendered to the Habsburg Monarchy during the war of 1716, and went on to serve as civilian administrators of Habsburg Oltenia. As revenge, Prince Nicholas Mavrocordatos sent Dumitrașco to a monastery. He had by then fathered a daughter, also named Stanca, whom he married into the Obedeanu family. The Bucșanus also followed suit in supporting the Habsburg party, thus forfeiting their inheritance in Wallachia. Family lands later returned to his daughters, and passed to Gavrilașco Mavrocordat, then to the Hriscoscoleu family; in 1766, Bălcești was eventually sold to the ancestors of writer Nicolae Bălcescu.The Culcers descendants into the 18th century include Sára's grandson, Count László Székely, who was an acclaimed contributor to Hungarian literature, as well as a major book collector. Buicescul's distant memory was by then becoming altered—Count Székely's memoirs include no mention of his great-grandfather, though they dwell on Sára's successive marriages. Various genealogies of the late 19th century


title: Diicul Buicescul

texts:
 preserve distorted versions of <mask>'s name: he appears as Dicescul-Buncescul in Aleksey Lobanov-Rostovsky's Russian Genealogical Book, and as Dudulescu-Buntescu in Eugène Rizo-Rangabé's Cantacuzino tree. Based on such misreadings, Buicescul was spuriously identified by scholar Paul Gore as a patriarch of the Dicescu family in Bessarabia Governorate. According to Gane, Diicul still had genuine descendants in 1930s Greater Romania, if only through his daughters. This family was known by variant of the ancestral surname, Boicescu, notably used by Nicolae A. Boicescu. The latter was especially noted as a friend and confidant of the writer Mateiu Caragiale.He married Smaranda "Lileta" Năsturel, a collateral descendant of Udriște Năsturel; in 1928, the couple still lived in Boicești. Their son, Diicu Boicescu, worked as an editor for the Romanian Academy Press. Notes

References
Cornelia Bodea, Paul Cernovodeanu, Horia Nestorescu-Bălcești, Vatra Bălceștilor. Studii și documente. Bălcești pe Topolog: Nicolae Bălcescu Memorial Museum, 1971. Ileana Cioarec, "Domeniul funciar al Mănăstirii Hurezi", in Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane C. S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor, Vol. XV, 2014, pp.77–98. Miron Costin, Letopisețul Țării Moldovei. De neamul moldovenilor. Iași: Editura Junimea, 1984. Virgiliu N. Drăghiceanu, "Casa Cantacuzinilor din Măgureni", in Buletinul Comisiunii Monumentelor Istorice, Vol. XVII,


title: Tom Axworthy

texts:
<mask>,  (born May 23, 1947) is a Canadian civil servant, political strategist, writer and professor. He is best known for having served as Principal Secretary and Chief Speechwriter to Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. <mask> is currently the Secretary General of the InterAction Council. Previously, he was President and CEO of the Walter and Duncan Gordan Foundation. He is a senior fellow at the Munk School of Global Affairs, Massey College, and the Bill Graham Centre of Contemporary International History, Trinity College, at the University of Toronto. Personal life and education
<mask> was born in 1947 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, the second of four boys of Norman and <mask>. He is the younger brother of <mask>, who has also had a distinguished career in Canadian politics.His parents were active in the United Church and community affairs. Through the United Church, he became a member of the Tuxis and Older Boys Association, eventually being elected as Premier. He entered United College, a United Church affiliated college in 1964, taking honours in history and politics. United College became the University of Winnipeg in 1968. At United College <mask> was active in the debating club, student council, Uniter newspaper and model parliaments. <mask> received a BA degree (Hons) from the University of Winnipeg and an MA degree from Queen's University (1972). From 1972 to 1973, he was a student at Nuffield College, University Of Oxford.He received a PhD degree (1979) from Queen's University. While at United College he met his future wife Roberta. They have  two children and two grandchildren. In 2003, the University of Winnipeg gave <mask> its Distinguished Alumni Award. <mask> returned to live in his native Winnipeg, Manitoba in 2021. Early career
<mask> joined the Liberal Party in the early 1960s, becoming active in the Canadian University Liberal Federation. As well as his involvement in the Young Liberals, <mask> was a Liberal volunteer in Winnipeg local ridings in the elections of 1958, 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968.In 1967, he worked as a research assistant for the Task Force on the Structure of the Canadian Economy, led by

masks:
Thomas Sidney Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy
Gwen Axworthy
Lloyd Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy
Tom Axworthy
Axworthy


title: Tom Axworthy

texts:
 Walter Gordon. This was <mask>'s first opportunity to work on Canada's economic, social and industrial policies in depth, and this influenced his future thinking about such issues. His close association with Walter Gordon introduced him to Keith Davey, Jim Coutts, <mask> and Pierre Trudeau, all of whom became important influences in his life. In his graduate studies at Queens, <mask>'s concentrations were in Canadian politics, international relations and urban affairs. His first publications were for The Institute of Urban Studies at the University of Winnipeg and while at Queen's University he became a research associate on the Metropolitan Winnipeg Study by University of Toronto professor Meyer Brownstone, the architect of the unicity amalgamation. L.J. Sharpe of Nuffield College subsequently invited <mask> to study the politics of urban reform at Oxford.In 1974, at the invitation of Keith Davey, <mask> returned to Ottawa to work on urban issues in that year's election campaign, where he drafted the Liberal Party's housing platform. Following the election, he joined the Office of the Minister of National Revenue as a Special Assistant on various policy issues. A year later, he was hired with the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) under Principal Secretary Jim Coutts as a political strategist and policy advisor to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. In 1976 he helped organize the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, held in Vancouver, British Columbia which initiated his interest in water and sanitation issues, a priority in his later work with the Gordon Foundation. In 1979, with the defeat of the Liberals by Joe Clark, <mask> worked in the Leader of the Opposition's Office as Acting Director and Senior Policy Advisor. With the defeat of Clark's minority government, <mask> returned to the Prime Minister's Office as Senior Policy Advisor, and was appointed Principal Secretary to Pierre Trudeau in 1981, a position which he held until 1984. During this time, he was a key strategist in the Repatriation of the Constitution and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.1984-2005
In 1984, <mask> was invited to be a Fellow

masks:
Axworthy
Tom Kent
Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy
Axworthy


title: Tom Axworthy

texts: at the Institute of Politics at the Kennedy School of Government, before being appointed as the visiting Mackenzie King Chair of Canadian Studies at Harvard University in 1985. He also became a fellow at the Centre for International Affairs working on the Canadian program. He was appointed as an adjunct lecturer at the Kennedy School in 1991, teaching comparative politics, and continued to teach at Harvard until returning to Canada in 2003 as an adjunct lecturer at the School of Policy Studies at Queen's University. While at Harvard, <mask> co-drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities with world-renowned theologian Hans Küng, a major project of the InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government. At Harvard, <mask>'s interests became more international; he initiated a joint research program with the University of Havana and took his Harvard class often to Cuba. He helped found the North America Institute of Santa Fe under the direction of Professor John Wirth which examined Mexican, Canadian and American public policies. He travelled regularly to Hong Kong and China to teach in the executive program of the Kennedy School.Given his years of research on and teaching in Asia he was invited by the Government of Canada in 2001 to chair the board of the Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada. With his Kennedy School colleague Shirley Williams, a former British cabinet minister, he contributed to Project Liberty to assist the newly emerging democracies of central and eastern Europe, and he was recruited by the National Democratic Institute to assist their democratic promotion efforts in Ukraine. During his time at Harvard, <mask> also served as vice-president and then executive director for the Charles R. Bronfman Foundation (CRB). The CRB Foundation, during this time, created the well-known "Heritage Minute" series of commercials, which explored various aspects of Canadian History, and which were released on television and in movie theatres. The CRB Foundation also had important programs in Israel and the Middle East such as the Economics of Peace which attempted to foster cooperation between Israel

masks: Axworthy Axworthy Axworthy


title: Tom Axworthy

texts:
 and its neighbours. In 1999, <mask> helped create and raise funds for the Historica Foundation, becoming its executive director. The Historica Foundation aimed to improve the teaching and learning of Canadian history, and was best known for its Heritage Fair program, which encouraged hundreds of thousands of students annually to create and exhibit their own heritage projects.Historica notably digitized the Canadian Encyclopedia, making it available to millions online for free. The Encyclopedia has since become a division of Historica Canada. <mask> collaborated with Nathon Gunn to create History Game Canada, which won a MacArthur Foundation award for Innovation in Participatory Learning. In recognition of his outstanding achievement and service in the field of history and heritage, <mask> was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2002. In 2005, <mask> left the Historica Foundation to return to academe full-time at Queen's University. 2006-2008
Until 2009, <mask> was the Chair and Executive Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy (CSD) at Queen's University. Under his direction, the CSD released several studies on improving Canadian political institutions, such as parliament and the public service.The CSD also released a major study on how Canada could advance democracy abroad which led to him being asked to chair a task force to implement the Harper government's Speech on the Throne promise on democracy promotion. In the wake of the defeat of Paul Martin's minority Liberal Government in January, 2006, <mask> was appointed co-chair of the Liberal Party Renewal Commission, which was charged with re-thinking the Liberal Party's policies and structure. <mask> had written his Queen's University masters thesis on Walter Gordon's role in reforming the Liberal Party, especially the Kingston Conference of 1960, and this early renewal effort influenced his views on party process. The Commission created 32 task forces that were charged with examining each aspect of the party. The Commission reported just prior to the Liberal Leadership Convention of December 2–3, 2006, urging the party to return to its liberal

masks: Axworthy Axworthy Axworthy Axworthy Axworthy Axworthy Axworthy