title: Al Gore

texts:
 have to go as an enlisted man because, he said, 'In Tennessee, that's what most people have to do.'" In addition, Michael Roche, <mask>'s editor for The Castle Courier, stated that "anybody who knew <mask> in Vietnam knows he could have sat on his butt and he didn't." After enlisting in August 1969, <mask> returned to the anti war Harvard campus in his military uniform to say goodbye to his adviser and was "jeered" at by students. He later said he was astonished by the "emotional field of negativity and disapproval and piercing glances that ... certainly felt like real hatred". <mask> had basic training at Fort Dix from August to October, and then was assigned to be a journalist at Fort Rucker, Alabama. In April 1970, he was named Rucker's "Soldier of the Month". His orders to be sent to Vietnam were "held up" for some time and the <mask> family suspected that this was due to a fear by the Nixon administration that if something happened to him, his father would gain sympathy votes. He was finally shipped to Vietnam on January 2, 1971, after his father had lost his seat in the Senate during the 1970 Senate election, becoming one "of only about a dozen of the 1,115 Harvard graduates in the Class of '69 who went to Vietnam".<mask> was stationed with the 20th Engineer Brigade in Bien Hoa and was a journalist with The Castle Courier. He received an honorable discharge from the Army in May 1971. Of his time in the Army, <mask> later stated, "I didn't do the most, or run the gravest danger. But I was proud to wear my country's uniform." He also later stated that his experience in Vietnam

Vanderbilt and journalism
<mask> was "dispirited" after his return from Vietnam. NashvillePost.com noted that, "his father's defeat made service

masks:
Gore
Al Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

type: original

texts:
 in a conflict he deeply opposed even more abhorrent to <mask>. His experiences in the war zone don't seem to have been deeply traumatic in themselves; although the engineers were sometimes fired upon, <mask> has said he didn't see full-scale combat.Still, he felt that his participation in the war was wrong." Although his parents wanted him to go to law school, <mask> first attended Vanderbilt University Divinity School (1971–72) on a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship for people planning secular careers. He later said he went there in order to explore "spiritual issues", and that "he had hoped to make sense of the social injustices that seemed to challenge his religious beliefs". In 1971, <mask> also began to work the night shift for The Tennessean as an investigative reporter. His investigations of corruption among members of Nashville's Metro Council resulted in the arrest and prosecution of two councilmen for separate offenses. In 1974, he took a leave of absence from The Tennessean to attend Vanderbilt University Law School. His decision to become an attorney was a partial result of his time as a journalist, as he realized that, while he could expose corruption, he could not change it.<mask> did not complete law school, deciding abruptly, in 1976, to run for a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives when he found out that his father's former seat in the House was about to be vacated. Congress (1977–1993)

<mask> began serving in the U.S. Congress at the age of 28 and stayed there for the next 16 years, serving in both the House (1977–1985) and the Senate (1985–1993). <mask> spent many weekends in Tennessee, working with his constituents. House and Senate

At the end of February 1976, U.S. Representative Joe L. Evins

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 unexpectedly announced his retirement from Congress, making Tennessee's 4th congressional district seat, to which he had succeeded <mask> Sr. in 1953 open. Within hours after  The Tennessean  publisher John Seigenthaler Sr. called him to tell him the announcement was forthcoming, <mask> decided to quit law school and run for the House of Representatives:

<mask> won the 1976 Democratic primary for the district with "32 percent of the vote, three percentage points more than his nearest rival", and was opposed only by an independent candidate in the election, recording 94 percent of the overall vote. He went on to win the next three elections, in 1978, 1980 and 1982, where "he was unopposed twice and won 79 percent of the vote the other time". In 1984, <mask> successfully ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate, which had been vacated by Republican Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker.He was "unopposed in the Democratic Senatorial primary and won the general election going away", despite the fact that Republican President Ronald Reagan swept Tennessee in his reelection campaign the same year. <mask> defeated Republican senatorial nominee Victor Ashe, subsequently the mayor of Knoxville, and the Republican-turned-Independent, Ed McAteer, founder of the Christian right Religious Roundtable organization that had worked to elect Reagan as president in 1980. During his time in Congress, <mask> was considered a "moderate" once referring to himself as a "raging moderate" opposing federal funding of abortion, voting in favor of a bill which supported a moment in silence in schools, and voting against a ban on interstate sales of guns. In 1981, <mask> was quoted as saying with regard to homosexuality, "I think it is wrong", and "I don't

masks:
Albert Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: pretend to understand it, but it is not just another normal optional life style." In his 1984 Senate race, <mask> said when discussing homosexuality, "I do not believe it is simply an acceptable alternative that society should affirm." He also said that he would not take campaign funds from gay rights groups. Although he maintained a position against homosexuality and gay marriage in the 1980s, <mask> said in 2008 that he thinks "gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women...to join together in marriage."His position as a moderate (and on policies related to that label) shifted later in life after he became Vice President and ran for president in 2000. During his tenure in the House, <mask> voted in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday. While <mask> initially did not vote on the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 in January 1988, he voted to override President Reagan's veto the following March. <mask> voted against the nomination of William Rehnquist as Chief Justice of the United States, as well as the nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court. During his time in the House, <mask> sat on the Energy and Commerce and the Science and Technology committees, chairing the Science Committee's Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations for four years. He also sat on the House Intelligence Committee and, in 1982, introduced the Gore Plan for arms control, to "reduce chances of a nuclear first strike by cutting multiple warheads and deploying single-warhead mobile launchers". While in the Senate, he sat on the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, the Rules and Administration, and the Armed Services Committees.In 1991,

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 <mask> was one of ten Democrats who supported the Gulf War. <mask> was considered one of the Atari Democrats, given this name due to their "passion for technological issues, from biomedical research and genetic engineering to the environmental impact of the "greenhouse effect". On March 19, 1979, he had become the first member of Congress to appear on C-SPAN. During this time, <mask> co-chaired the Congressional Clearinghouse on the Future with Newt Gingrich. In addition, he has been described as having been a "genuine nerd, with a geek reputation running back to his days as a futurist Atari Democrat in the House. Before computers were comprehensible, let alone sexy, the poker-faced <mask> struggled to explain artificial intelligence and fiber-optic networks to sleepy colleagues." Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn noted that,

<mask> introduced the Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986.He also sponsored hearings on how advanced technologies might be put to use in areas like coordinating the response of government agencies to natural disasters and other crises. As a Senator, <mask> began to craft the High Performance Computing Act of 1991 (commonly referred to as "The Gore Bill") after hearing the 1988 report Toward a National Research Network submitted to Congress by a group chaired by UCLA professor of computer science, Leonard Kleinrock, one of the central creators of the ARPANET (the ARPANET, first deployed by Kleinrock and others in 1969, is the predecessor of the Internet). The bill was passed on December 9, 1991, and led to the National Information Infrastructure (NII) which <mask> referred to as the "information superhighway". After joining the House of Representatives, <mask> held the "first congressional

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming". He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s. In 1990, Senator <mask> presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a Global Marshall Plan, "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment". Son's 1989 accident and first book
On April 3, 1989, <mask>, Tipper and their six-year-old son <mask> were leaving a baseball game.<mask> ran across the street to see his friend and was hit by a car. He was thrown  and then traveled along the pavement for another . <mask> later recalled: "I ran to his side and held him and called his name, but he was motionless, limp and still, without breath or pulse.... His eyes were open with the nothingness stare of death, and we prayed, the two of us, there in the gutter, with only my voice." <mask> was tended to by two nurses who happened to be present during the accident. The <mask>s spent the next month in the hospital with <mask>. <mask> also commented: "Our lives were consumed with the struggle to restore his body and spirit." This event was "a trauma so shattering that [<mask>] views it as a moment of personal rebirth", a "key moment in his life" which "changed everything".In August 1991, <mask> announced that his son's accident was a factor in his decision not to run for president in 1992. <mask> stated: "I would like to be President.... But I am also a father, and I feel deeply about my responsibility to my children.... I didn't feel right about tearing myself away from my family to the extent that is necessary in a Presidential campaign." During this time,

masks: Gore Al Albert Albert Gore Albert Gore Albert Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 <mask> wrote Earth in the Balance, a text that became the first book written by a sitting U.S. Senator to make The New York Times Best Seller list since John F. Kennedy's Profiles in Courage. First presidential run (1988)

In 1988, <mask> sought the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States.<mask> carried seven states in the primaries, finishing third overall in a field that included Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis, then Senantor, future Vice President and current President Joe Biden, Gary Hart, Congressman Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon and Jesse Jackson. Dukakis eventually won the Democratic nomination and went on to lose in a landslide to George H. W. Bush in the general election. Although <mask> initially denied that he intended to run, his candidacy was the subject of speculation: "National analysts make Sen. <mask> a long-shot for the Presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate Vice Presidential nominee from the South. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand." At the time, he was 39 years old, making him the "youngest serious Presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy". CNN noted that, "in 1988, for the first time, 12 Southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, dubbed "Super Tuesday". <mask> thought he would be the only serious Southern contender; he had not counted on Jesse Jackson."Jackson defeated <mask> in the South Carolina Primary, winning, "more than half the total vote, three times that of his closest rival here, Senator <mask> Jr. of Tennessee". <mask> next placed great hope on Super Tuesday where they split the Southern

masks:
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Albert Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 vote: Jackson winning Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and Virginia; <mask> winning Arkansas, North Carolina, Kentucky, Nevada, Tennessee, and Oklahoma. <mask> was later endorsed by New York City Mayor Ed Koch who made statements in favor of Israel and against Jackson. These statements cast <mask> in a negative light, leading voters away from <mask> who received only 10% of the vote in the New York Primary. <mask> then dropped out of the race. The New York Times said that <mask> also lost support due to his attacks against Jackson, Dukakis, and others. <mask> was eventually able to mend fences with Jackson, who supported the <mask> ticket in 1992 and 1996, and campaigned for the <mask> ticket during the 2000 presidential election.<mask>'s policies changed substantially in 2000, reflecting his eight years as vice president. 1992 presidential election

<mask> was initially hesitant to be Bill Clinton's running mate for the 1992 United States presidential election, but after clashing with the George H. W. Bush administration over global warming issues, he decided to accept the offer. Clinton stated that he chose <mask> due to his foreign policy experience, work with the environment, and commitment to his family. Clinton's choice was criticized as unconventional because rather than picking a running mate who would diversify the ticket, Clinton chose a fellow Southerner who shared his political ideologies and who was nearly the same age as Clinton. The Washington Bureau Chief for The Baltimore Sun, Paul West, later suggested that, "<mask> revolutionized the way Vice Presidents are made. When he joined Bill Clinton's ticket, it violated the old rules. Regional diversity?Not with two Southerners from neighboring states.

masks:
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Clinton Gore
Gore Lieberman
Gore
Gore
Gore
Al Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 Ideological balance? A couple of left-of-center moderates. ... And yet, <mask> has come to be regarded by strategists in both parties as the best vice presidential pick in at least 20 years." Clinton and <mask> accepted the nomination at the Democratic National Convention on July 17, 1992. Known as the Baby Boomer Ticket and the Fortysomething Team, The New York Times noted that if elected, Clinton and <mask>, at ages 45 and 44 respectively, would be the "youngest team to make it to the White House in the country's history". Theirs was the first ticket since 1972 to try to capture the youth vote.<mask> called the ticket "a new generation of leadership". The ticket increased in popularity after the candidates traveled with their wives, Hillary and Tipper, on a "six-day, 1,000-mile bus ride, from New York to St. Louis". <mask> also debated the other vice presidential candidates, Dan Quayle, and James Stockdale. The <mask> ticket beat the Bush-Quayle ticket, 43%–38%. Vice Presidency (1993–2001)

<mask> served as vice president during the Clinton Administration. Clinton and <mask> were inaugurated on January 20, 1993. At the beginning of the first term, they developed a "two-page agreement outlining their relationship".Clinton committed himself to regular lunch meetings; he recognized <mask> as a principal adviser on nominations and appointed some of <mask>'s chief advisers to key White House staff positions. Clinton involved <mask> in decision-making to an unprecedented degree for a vice president. Through their weekly lunches and daily conversations, <mask> became the president's "indisputable chief adviser". However, <mask> had to compete with First Lady Hillary for President Clinton's influence, starting when she was

masks:
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Clinton Gore
Al Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: appointed to the health-care task force without <mask>'s consultation. Vanity Fair wrote that President Clinton's "failure to confide in his vice president was a telling sign of the real pecking order", and reported "it was an open secret that some of Hillary's advisers...nurtured dreams that Hillary, not <mask>, would follow Bill in the presidency". <mask> had a particular interest in reducing "waste, fraud, and abuse in the federal government and advocated trimming the size of the bureaucracy and the number of regulations". During the Clinton Administration, the U.S. economy expanded, according to David Greenberg (professor of history and media studies at Rutgers University) who said that "by the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive.Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged." According to Leslie Budd, author of E-economy: Rhetoric or Business Reality, this economic success was due, in part, to <mask>'s continued role as an Atari Democrat, promoting the development of information technology, which led to the dot-com boom (c. 1995–2001). Clinton and <mask> entered office planning to finance research that would "flood the economy with innovative goods and services, lifting the general level of prosperity and strengthening American industry". Their overall aim was to fund the development of, "robotics, smart roads, biotechnology, machine tools, magnetic-levitation trains, fiber-optic communications and national computer networks. Also earmarked [were] a raft of basic technologies

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: like digital imaging and data storage." Critics claimed that the initiatives would "backfire, bloating Congressional pork and creating whole new categories of Federal waste". During the election and his term as vice president, <mask> popularized the term Information Superhighway, which became synonymous with the Internet, and he was involved in the creation of the National Information Infrastructure.<mask> first discussed his plans to emphasize information technology at UCLA on January 11, 1994, in a speech at The Superhighway Summit. On March 29, 1994, <mask> made the inaugural keynote to a Georgetown University symposium on governmental reform with a lecture entitled, "The new job of the federal executive". <mask> spoke on how technology was changing the nature of government, public administration, and management in general, noting that while in the past deep hierarchical structures were necessary to manage large organizations, technology was offering more accurate and streamlined access to information, thus facilitating flatter management structures. He was involved in a number of projects including NetDay '96 and 24 Hours in Cyberspace. The <mask> administration also launched the first official White House website in 1994 and subsequent versions through 2000. During 1993 and early 1994, <mask> was tapped by the administration to advocate for the adoption of the Clipper Chip, a technology developed by the National Security Agency designed to provide for law enforcement access to encrypted communications. After political and technical objections, the initiative was essentially dropped.<mask> was also involved in environmental initiatives. He launched the GLOBE program on Earth Day '94, an education and science activity

masks:
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Clinton Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: that, according to Forbes magazine, "made extensive use of the Internet to increase student awareness of their environment". In 1998, <mask> began promoting a NASA satellite (Deep Space Climate Observatory) that would provide a constant view of the Earth, marking the first time such an image would have been made since The Blue Marble photo from the 1972 Apollo 17 mission. During this time, he also became associated with Digital Earth. <mask> negotiated and strongly supported the Kyoto Protocol to reduce greenhouse gasses, but said upon his return that the administration would not submit the treaty to the Senate for ratification until it was amended to include "meaningful participation by key developing nations", The Senate had previously passed unanimously (95–0) the Byrd–Hagel Resolution (S. Res. 98), which declared opposition to any greenhouse gas treaty which would limit US emissions without similar limits on third-world countries such as China. The Clinton administration left office three years later without having submitted the treaty for ratification.In 1996, <mask> became involved in a "Chinagate" campaign finance controversy over his attendance at an event at the Buddhist Hsi Lai Temple in Hacienda Heights, California. In an interview on NBC's Today the following year, <mask> said, "I did not know that it was a fund-raiser. I knew it was a political event, and I knew there were finance people that were going to be present, and so that alone should have told me, 'This is inappropriate and this is a mistake; don't do this.' And I take responsibility for that. It was a mistake." A U.S. Department of Justice investigation into the fund-raising activities had uncovered evidence that Chinese agents sought to direct

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: contributions from foreign sources to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) before the 1996 presidential campaign. The Chinese embassy in Washington, D.C. was used for coordinating contributions to the DNC.FBI agents were denied the opportunity to ask President Bill Clinton and Vice President <mask> questions during Justice Department interviews in 1997 and 1998 and were only allowed to take notes. In March 1997, <mask> had to explain phone calls which he made to solicit funds for Democratic Party for the 1996 election. In a news conference, <mask> stated that, "all calls that I made were charged to the Democratic National Committee. I was advised there was nothing wrong with that. My counsel tells me there is no controlling legal authority that says that is any violation of any law." The phrase "no controlling legal authority" was criticized by columnist Charles Krauthammer, who stated: "Whatever other legacies <mask> leaves behind between now and retirement, he forever bequeaths this newest weasel word to the lexicon of American political corruption." Robert Conrad Jr. was the head of a Justice Department task force appointed by Attorney General Janet Reno to investigate <mask>'s fund-raising controversies.In Spring 2000, Conrad asked Reno to appoint an independent counsel to continue the investigation. After looking into the matter, Reno judged that the appointment of an independent counsel was unwarranted. During the 1990s, <mask> spoke out on a number of issues. In a 1992 speech on the Gulf War, <mask> stated that he twice attempted to get the U.S. government to pull the plug on support to Saddam Hussein, citing Hussein's use of poison gas, support of terrorism, and his burgeoning nuclear program, but was opposed both

masks:
Al Gore
Gore
Gore
Al Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 times by the Reagan and Bush administrations. In the wake of the Al-Anfal Campaign, during which Hussein staged deadly mustard and nerve gas attacks on Kurdish Iraqis, <mask> cosponsored the Prevention of Genocide Act of 1988, which would have cut all assistance to Iraq. The bill was defeated in part due to intense lobbying of Congress by the Reagan-Bush White House and a veto threat from President Reagan. In 1998, at a conference of APEC hosted by Malaysia, <mask> objected to the indictment, arrest and jailing of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's longtime second-in-command Anwar Ibrahim, a move which received a negative response from leaders there.Ten years later, <mask> again protested when Ibrahim was arrested a second time, a decision condemned by Malaysian foreign minister Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim. Soon afterward, <mask> also had to contend with the Lewinsky scandal, which involved an affair between President Clinton and a White House intern, Monica Lewinsky. <mask> initially defended Clinton, whom he believed to be innocent, stating, "He is the president of the country! He is my friend ... I want to ask you now, every single one of you, to join me in supporting him." After Clinton was impeached, <mask> continued to defend him stating, "I've defined my job in exactly the same way for six years now ... to do everything I can to help him be the best president possible." Second presidential run (2000)

There was talk of a potential run in the 2000 presidential race by <mask> as early as January 1998.<mask> discussed the possibility of running during a March 9, 1999, interview with CNN's Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer. In response to Wolf Blitzer's question: "Why should Democrats, looking at the Democratic nomination


title: Al Gore

texts:
 process, support you instead of Bill Bradley", <mask> responded:

Former UCLA professor of information studies Philip E. Agre and journalist Eric Boehlert argued that three articles in Wired News led to the creation of the widely spread urban legend that <mask> claimed to have "invented the Internet", which followed this interview. In addition, computer professionals and congressional colleagues argued in his defense. Internet pioneers Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn stated that "we don't think, as some people have argued, that <mask> intended to claim he 'invented' the Internet. Moreover, there is no question in our minds that while serving as Senator, <mask>'s initiatives had a significant and beneficial effect on the still-evolving Internet." Cerf would later state: "<mask> had seen what happened with the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956, which his father introduced as a military bill. It was very powerful.Housing went up, suburban boom happened, everybody became mobile. <mask> was attuned to the power of networking much more than any of his elective colleagues. His initiatives led directly to the commercialization of the Internet. So he really does deserve credit." In a speech to the American Political Science Association, former Republican Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Newt Gingrich also stated: "In all fairness, it's something <mask> had worked on a long time. <mask> is not the Father of the Internet, but in all fairness, <mask> is the person who, in the Congress, most systematically worked to make sure that we got to an Internet, and the truth is—and I worked with him starting in 1978 when I got [to Congress], we were both part of a "futures group"—the fact is, in the Clinton

masks:
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Al Gore
Al
Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: administration, the world we had talked about in the '80s began to actually happen." Finally, Wolf Blitzer (who conducted the original 1999 interview) stated in 2008 that: "I didn't ask him about the Internet.I asked him about the differences he had with Bill Bradley ... Honestly, at the time, when he said it, it didn't dawn on me that this was going to have the impact that it wound up having, because it was distorted to a certain degree and people said they took what he said, which was a carefully phrased comment about taking the initiative and creating the Internet to—I invented the Internet. And that was the sort of shorthand, the way his enemies projected it and it wound up being a devastating setback to him and it hurt him, as I'm sure he acknowledges to this very day." <mask> himself would later poke fun at the controversy. In 2000, while on the Late Show with David Letterman he read Letterman's Top 10 List (which for this show was called, "Top Ten Rejected Gore – Lieberman Campaign Slogans") to the audience. Number nine on the list was: "Remember, America, I gave you the Internet, and I can take it away!" In 2005 when <mask> was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award "for three decades of contributions to the Internet" at the Webby Awards he joked in his acceptance speech (limited to five words according to Webby Awards rules): "Please don't recount this vote."He was introduced by Vint Cerf who used the same format to joke: "We all invented the Internet." <mask>, who was then asked to add a few more words to his speech, stated: "It is time to reinvent the Internet for all of us to make it more robust and much more accessible and use it to reinvigorate our democracy." During a speech that he gave on June 16, 1999, in

masks: Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: Carthage, Tennessee, <mask> formally announced his candidacy for president. His major theme was the need to strengthen the American family. He was introduced by his eldest daughter, Karenna <mask>. In making the speech, <mask> also distanced himself from Bill Clinton, who he stated had lied to him. <mask> was "briefly interrupted" by AIDS protesters claiming <mask> was working with the pharmaceutical industry to prevent access to generic medicines for poor nations and chanting "<mask>'s greed kills."Additional speeches were also interrupted by the protesters. <mask> responded, "I love this country. I love the First Amendment ... Let me say in response to those who may have chosen an inappropriate way to make their point, that actually the crisis of AIDS in Africa is one that should command the attention of people in the United States and around the world." <mask> also issued a statement saying that he supported efforts to lower the cost of the AIDS drugs, provided that they "are done in a way consistent with international agreements". While Bill Clinton's job-approval ratings were around 60%, an April 1999 study by the Pew Research Center for the People found that respondents suffered from "Clinton fatigue" where they were "tired of all the problems associated with the Clinton administration" including the Lewinsky scandal and impeachment. Texas Governor and likely Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush was leading <mask> 54% to 41% in polls during that time. <mask>'s advisers believed that the "Lewinsky scandal and Bill's past womanizing...alienated independent voters—especially the soccer moms, who stood for traditional values".Consequently, <mask>'s presidential campaign "veered too far in differentiating himself

masks:
Gore
Gore Schiff
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: from Bill and his record and had difficulty taking advantage of the Clinton administration's legitimate successes". In addition, Hillary's candidacy for the open Senate seat in New York exacerbated the "three-way tensions evident in the White House since 1993", as "not only was Hillary unavailable as a campaigner, she was poaching top Democratic fund-raisers and donors who would normally concentrate on the vice president". In one instance "Hillary insisted on being invited [to a Los Angeles fundraiser for the vice president]—over the objections of the event's organizers", where the First Lady "shocked the vice president's supporters by soliciting donations for herself in front of Tipper". <mask> faced an early challenge by former New Jersey senator Bill Bradley. Bradley was the only candidate to oppose <mask> and was considered a "fresh face" for the White House. <mask> challenged Bradley to a series of debates which took the form of "town hall" meetings. <mask> went on the offensive during these debates leading to a drop in the polls for Bradley.In the Iowa caucus the unions pledged their support to <mask>, despite Bradley spending heavily in that state, and Bradley was much embarrassed by his two to one defeat there. <mask> went on to capture the New Hampshire primary 53-47%, which had been a must-win state for Bradley. <mask> then swept all of the primaries on Super Tuesday while Bradley finished a distant second in each state. On March 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, Bradley withdrew his campaign and endorsed <mask>. <mask> eventually went on to win every primary and caucus and, in March 2000 even won the first primary election ever held over the Internet,

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 the Arizona Presidential Primary. By then, he secured the Democratic nomination. On August 13, 2000, <mask> announced that he had selected Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut as his vice presidential running mate.Lieberman became "the first person of the Jewish faith to run for the nation's second-highest office". Many pundits saw <mask>'s choice of Lieberman as further distancing him from the scandals of the Clinton White House. <mask>'s daughter, Karenna, together with her father's former Harvard roommate Tommy Lee Jones, officially nominated <mask> as the Democratic presidential candidate during the 2000 Democratic National Convention in Los Angeles, California. <mask> accepted his party's nomination and spoke about the major themes of his campaign, stating in particular his plan to extend Medicare to pay for prescription drugs and to work for a sensible universal health-care system. Soon after the convention, <mask> hit the campaign trail with running mate Joe Lieberman. <mask> and Bush were deadlocked in the polls. They participated in three televised debates.While both sides claimed victory after each, <mask> was critiqued as either too stiff, too reticent, or too aggressive in contrast to Bush. Recount
On election night, news networks first called Florida for <mask>, later retracted the projection, and then called Florida for Bush, before finally retracting that projection as well. Florida's Republican Secretary of State, Katherine Harris, eventually certified Florida's vote count. This led to the Florida election recount, a move to further examine the Florida results. The Florida recount was stopped a few weeks later by the U.S. Supreme Court. In the ruling, Bush v. <mask>, the Justices held that the Florida recount

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 was unconstitutional and that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline, effectively ending the recounts. This 7–2 vote ruled that the standards the Florida Supreme Court provided for a recount were unconstitutional due to violations of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, and further ruled 5–4 that no constitutionally valid recount could be completed by the December 12 deadline.This case ordered an end to recounting underway in selected Florida counties, effectively giving George W. Bush a 537 vote victory in Florida and consequently Florida's 25 electoral votes and the presidency. The results of the decision led to <mask> winning the popular vote by approximately 500,000 votes nationwide, but receiving 266 electoral votes to Bush's 271 (one District of Columbia elector abstained). On December 13, 2000, <mask> conceded the election. <mask> strongly disagreed with the Court's decision, but in his concession speech stated that, "for the sake of our unity as a people and the strength of our democracy, I offer my concession." Post-Vice Presidency (2001–present)

Bill Clinton and <mask> had maintained an informal public distance for eight years, but they reunited for the media in August 2009. Clinton had arranged for the release of two female journalists who were being held hostage in North Korea. The women were employees of <mask>'s Current TV.In May 2018, he was included as a member of the Indian Government committee to coordinate year long celebrations of Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary from October 2, 2019. Criticism of Bush
Beginning in 2002, <mask> began to publicly criticize the Bush administration. In a September 23 speech that he gave before the


title: Al Gore

texts: Commonwealth Club of California, <mask> criticized Bush and Congress for the rush to war prior to the outbreak of hostilities in Iraq. He compared this decision to the Persian Gulf War (which <mask> had voted for) stating, "Back in 1991, I was one of a handful of Democrats in the United States Senate to vote in favor of the resolution endorsing the Persian Gulf War ... But look at the differences between the resolution that was voted on in 1991 and the one this administration is proposing that the Congress vote on in 2002. The circumstances are really completely different [...] in 1991, Iraq had crossed an international border, invaded a neighboring sovereign nation and annexed its territory. Now by contrast in 2002, there has been no such invasion."In a speech given in 2004, during the presidential election, <mask> accused George W. Bush of betraying the country by using the 9/11 attacks as a justification for the invasion of Iraq. The next year, <mask> gave a speech which covered many topics, including what he called "religious zealots" who claim special knowledge of God's will in American politics. <mask> stated: "They even claim that those of us who disagree with their point of view are waging war against people of faith." After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, <mask> chartered two planes to evacuate 270 people from New Orleans and criticized the Bush administration's response to the hurricane. In 2006, <mask> criticized Bush's use of domestic wiretaps without a warrant. One month later, in a speech given at the Jeddah Economic Forum, <mask> criticized the treatment of Arabs in the U.S. after 9/11 stating, "Unfortunately there have been terrible abuses and it's wrong ... I do want you to know that it does not represent the


title: Al Gore

texts: desires or wishes or feelings of the majority of the citizens of my country."<mask>'s 2007 book, The Assault on Reason, is an analysis of what <mask> refers to as the "emptying out of the marketplace of ideas" in civic discourse during the Bush administration. He attributes this phenomenon to the influence of television and argues that it endangers American democracy. By contrast, <mask> argues, the Internet can revitalize and ultimately "redeem the integrity of representative democracy". In 2008, <mask> argued against the ban of same-sex marriage on his Current TV website, stating, "I think that gay men and women ought to have the same rights as heterosexual men and women to make contracts, have hospital visiting rights, and join together in marriage." In a 2009 interview with CNN, <mask> commented on former Vice President Dick Cheney's criticism of the Obama administration. Referring to his own previous criticism of the Bush administrations, <mask> stated: "I waited two years after I left office to make statements that were critical, and then of the policy ... You know, you talk about somebody that shouldn't be talking about making the country less safe, invading a country that did not attack us and posed no serious threat to us at all." While <mask> has criticized Bush for his Katrina response, he has not spoken publicly about his part in the evacuation of 270 patients on September 3 & 4, 2005, from Charity Hospital in New Orleans to Tennessee.On September 1, <mask> was contacted by Charity Hospital's Neurosurgeon Dr. David Kline, who had operated on his son <mask>, through Greg Simon of FasterCures. Kline informed <mask> and Simon of the desperate conditions at the hospital and asked <mask> and Simon to arrange relief.

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Albert Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 On <mask>'s personal financial commitment, two airlines each provided a plane with one flight later underwritten by Larry Flax. The flights were flown by volunteer airline crews and medically staffed by <mask>'s cousin, retired Col. Dar LaFon, and family physician Dr. Anderson Spickard and were accompanied by <mask> and <mask>. <mask> used his political influence to expedite landing rights in New Orleans. Presidential run speculation

People were speculating that <mask> would be a candidate for the 2004 presidential election (a bumper sticker, "Re-elect <mask> in 2004!" was popular).On December 16, 2002, however, <mask> announced that he would not run in 2004. While <mask> seriously considered challenging Bush in 2004, the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent stratospheric rise in President Bush's popularity as a result of his response to these attacks were strong factors in <mask>'s December 2002 decision not to run again in 2004. Despite <mask> taking himself out of the race, a handful of his supporters formed a national campaign to draft him into running. The draft movement, however, failed to convince <mask> to run. The prospect of a <mask> candidacy arose again between 2006 and early 2008 in light of the upcoming 2008 presidential election. Although <mask> frequently stated that he had "no plans to run", he did not reject the possibility of future involvement in politics which led to speculation that he might run. This was due in part to his increased popularity after the release of the 2006 documentary, An Inconvenient Truth.The director of the film, Davis Guggenheim, stated that after the release of the film, "Everywhere I go with him, they treat him like a rock star." After An Inconvenient Truth was nominated for an

masks:
Gore
Gore
Gore
Albert III
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 Academy Award, Donna Brazile (<mask>'s campaign chairwoman from his 2000 campaign) speculated that <mask> might announce a possible presidential candidacy during the Oscars. During the 79th Academy Awards ceremony, <mask> and actor Leonardo DiCaprio shared the stage to speak about the "greening" of the ceremony itself. <mask> began to give a speech that appeared to be leading up to an announcement that he would run for president. However, background music drowned him out and he was escorted offstage, implying that it was a rehearsed gag, which he later acknowledged. After An Inconvenient Truth won the Academy Award for Best Documentary, speculation increased about a possible presidential run. <mask>'s popularity was indicated in polls which showed that even without running, he was coming in second or third among possible Democratic candidates Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and John Edwards.Grassroots draft campaigns also developed with the hope that they could encourage <mask> to run. <mask>, however, remained firm in his decision and declined to run for the presidency. Interest in having <mask> run for the 2016 presidential election arose in 2014 and again in 2015, although he did not declare any intention to do so. Involvement in presidential campaigns

After announcing he would not run in the 2004 U.S. presidential election, <mask> endorsed Vermont governor Howard Dean in December 2003, weeks before the first primary of the election cycle. He was criticized for this endorsement by eight Democratic contenders particularly since he did not endorse his former running mate Joe Lieberman (<mask> preferred Dean over Lieberman because Lieberman supported the Iraq War and <mask> did not). Dean's campaign soon became a target of

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts: attacks and eventually failed, with <mask>'s early endorsement being credited as a factor. In The New York Times, Dean stated: "I actually do think the endorsement of <mask> began the decline."The Times further noted that "Dean instantly amplified his statement to indicate that the endorsement from Mr. <mask>, a powerhouse of the establishment, so threatened the other Democratic candidates that they began the attacks on his candidacy that helped derail it." Dean's former campaign manager, Joe Trippi, also stated that after <mask>'s endorsement of Dean, "alarm bells went off in every newsroom in the country, in every other campaign in the country", indicating that if something did not change, Dean would be the nominee. Later, in March 2004, <mask> endorsed John Kerry and gave Kerry $6 million in funds left over from his own unsuccessful 2000 bid. <mask> also opened the 2004 Democratic National Convention. During the 2008 primaries, <mask> remained neutral toward all of the candidates which led to speculation that he would come out of a brokered 2008 Democratic National Convention as a "compromise candidate" if the party decided it could not nominate one. <mask> responded by stating that these events would not take place because a candidate would be nominated through the primary process. Senator Ted Kennedy had urged <mask> to endorse Senator Barack Obama though <mask> declined.When Obama became the presumptive Democratic nominee for president on June 3, 2008, speculation began that <mask> might be tapped for the vice presidency. On June 16, 2008, one week after Hillary Clinton had suspended her campaign, <mask> endorsed Obama in a speech given in Detroit, Michigan which renewed speculation of an <mask> ticket. <mask> stated,

masks:
Gore
Al Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Obama Gore
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 however, that he was not interested in being Vice President again. On the timing and nature of <mask>'s endorsement, some argued that <mask> waited because he did not want to repeat his calamitous early endorsement of Howard Dean during the 2004 presidential election. On the final night of the 2008 Democratic National Convention, shortly before Obama delivered his acceptance address, <mask> gave a speech offering his full support. Such support led to new speculation after Obama was elected president during the 2008 presidential election that <mask> would be named a member of the Obama administration. This speculation was enhanced by a meeting held between Obama, <mask>, and Joe Biden in Chicago on December 9, 2008.However, Democratic officials and <mask>'s spokeswoman stated that during the meeting the only subject under discussion was the climate crisis, and <mask> would not be joining the Obama administration. On December 19, 2008, <mask> described Obama's environmental administrative choices of Carol Browner, Steven Chu, and Lisa Jackson as "an exceptional team to lead the fight against the climate crisis". <mask> repeated his neutrality eight years later during the Democratic presidential primaries of 2016 until endorsing Hillary Clinton on July 25, 2016, the first day of that year's Democratic National Convention. <mask> appeared with her at a rally on Miami Dade College's Kendall Campus on October 11, 2016. Environmentalism

<mask> has been involved with environmental issues since 1976 when as a freshman congressman, he held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming". He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s, and is still


title: Al Gore

texts: prevalent in the environmental community. He was known as one of the Atari Democrats, later called the "Democrats' Greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party".In 1990, Senator <mask> presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a Global Marshall Plan, "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment". In the late 1990s, <mask> strongly pushed for the passage of the Kyoto Protocol, which called for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. He was opposed by the Senate, which passed unanimously (95–0) the Byrd–Hagel Resolution (S. Res. 98), which stated the sense of the Senate was that the United States should not be a signatory to any protocol that did not include binding targets and timetables for developing as well as industrialized nations or "would result in serious harm to the economy of the United States". In 2004, <mask> co-launched Generation Investment Management, a company for which he serves as Chair. A few years later, <mask> would also found the Alliance for Climate Protection, an organization which eventually founded the We Campaign. <mask> would also become a partner in the venture capital firm, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, heading that firm's climate change solutions group.He also helped to organize the Live Earth benefit concerts. In 2010, he attended WE Day (Vancouver, Canada), a WE Charity event. In 2013, <mask> became a vegan. He had earlier admitted that "it's absolutely correct that the growing meat intensity of diets across the world is one of the issues connected to this global

masks: Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 crisis – not only because of the [carbon dioxide] involved, but also because of the water consumed in the process" and some speculate that his adoption of the new diet is related to his environmentalist stance. In a 2014 interview, <mask> said "Over a year ago I changed my diet to a vegan diet, really just to experiment to see what it was like. ... I felt better, so I've continued with it and I'm likely to continue it for the rest of my life."<mask>'s An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power, a sequel to his 2006 film, An Inconvenient Truth, premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. The film documents his continuing efforts to battle climate change. A "Climate and Health Summit" which was originally going to be held by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was cancelled without warning in late January 2017. A few days later, <mask> revived the summit, which was held by the Climate Reality Project without the support of the CDC. In 2020 he helped to launch Climate TRACE to independently monitor global greenhouse gas emissions. In November 2021, <mask> spoke at the early stages of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland. He later criticised the Morrison Government for failing to increase Australia’s 2030 emissions reduction target.Criticism

A conservative Washington, D.C. think tank and a Republican member of Congress, among others, have claimed that <mask> has a conflict-of-interest for advocating for taxpayer subsidies of green-energy technologies in which he has a personal investment. Additionally, he has been criticized for his above-average energy consumption in using private jets, and in owning multiple, very large homes, one of which was reported in 2007 as using high


title: Al Gore

texts:
 amounts of electricity. <mask>'s spokesperson responded by stating that the <mask>s use renewable energy which is more expensive than regular energy and that the Tennessee house in question has been retrofitted to make it more energy-efficient. Data in An Inconvenient Truth have been questioned. In a 2007 court case, a British judge said that while he had "no doubt ...the film was broadly accurate" and its "four main scientific hypotheses ...are supported by a vast quantity of research", he upheld nine of a "long schedule" of alleged errors presented to the court. He ruled that the film could be shown to schoolchildren in the UK if guidance notes given to teachers were amended to balance out the film's one-sided political views. <mask>'s spokesperson responded in 2007 that the court had upheld the film's fundamental thesis and its use as an educational tool.In 2009, <mask> described the British court ruling as being "in my favor". In the late 1980s and 1990s, <mask> was criticized for his involvement in asking the EPA for less strict pollution controls for the Pigeon River. <mask> was also criticized when in 2012 he sold his television channel Current TV for around $100 million to Al Jazeera, a media company founded by Qatar, a nation largely dependent on income from the fossil fuel industry. Personal life
<mask> met Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Aitcheson at his St. Albans senior prom in 1965. She was from the nearby St. Agnes School. Tipper followed <mask> to Boston to attend college, and they married at the Washington National Cathedral on May 19, 1970. They have four children; Karenna <mask> (b.1973), Kristin <mask> (b. 1977), Sarah LaFon <mask> (b. 1979) and <mask> <mask> (b. 1982). In June 2010 the <mask>s announced in an

masks:
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Gore
Carlson Gore
Gore
Albert Arnold
Gore III
Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
 e-mail to friends that after "long and careful consideration" they had made a mutual decision to separate. In May 2012, it was reported that <mask> started dating Elizabeth Keadle of Rancho Santa Fe, California. Awards and honors

<mask> is the recipient of a number of awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize (together with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2007, a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV in 2007, a Webby Award in 2005, the Dan David Prize in 2008 and the Prince of Asturias Award in 2007 for International Cooperation.He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 2008. He also starred in the 2006 documentary An Inconvenient Truth, which won an Academy Award for Best Documentary in 2007 and wrote the book An Inconvenient Truth: The Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What We Can Do About It, which won a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album in 2009. Selected publications

Books

 Know Climate Change and 101 Q and A on Climate Change from 'Save Planet Earth Series', 2008 (children's books)

 Putting People First: How We Can All Change America. (with William J. Clinton). New York: Times Books, 1992 . Articles
 "Toward Sustainable Capitalism: Long-term incentives are the antidote to the short-term greed that caused our current economic woes. The Wall Street Journal, June 24, 2010.(With David Blood)
 "We Can't Wish Away Climate Change." The New York Times, February 27, 2010. "The Climate for Change." The New York Times, November 9, 2008. Vice President <mask>'s introduction to Earthwatch: 24 Hours In Cyberspace. February 8, 1996. 24 Hours in Cyberspace "Foreword by Vice President <mask>."In The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking (2nd edition)

masks:
Gore
Gore
Al Gore
Al Gore


title: Al Gore

texts:
  by Tracy LaQuey, 1994. "Introduction. In Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. 1994. New York : Houghton-Mifflin. The Climate Change Action Plan. Washington, D.C.: The White House, October 1993 (with William J. Clinton)."Infrastructure for the global village: computers, networks and public policy." Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks, September 1991. 265(3): 150–153. Notes

References

Bibliography

 Agre, Phil. Who Invented "Invented"? : Tracing the Real Story of the "<mask> Gore Invented the Internet" Hoax. October 17, 2000
 Campbell-Kelly, Martin; Aspray, William."Chapter 12." Computer: A History of the Information Machine. New York: BasicBooks, 1996. Chapman, Gary and Marc Rotenberg. The National Information Infrastructure:A Public Interest Opportunity. In Computers, Ethics, & Social Values. Deborah G. Johnson and Helen Nissanbaum (eds.).Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995: 628–644. Cockburn, <mask>. <mask>: A User's Manual (2000) (with Jeffrey St. Clair)
 Kirk, Andrew G. Counterculture Green: The Whole Earth Catalog and American Environmentalism. Lawrence: Univ. of Kansas Press, 2007. Rheingold, Howard. "Afterword to the 1994 edition."The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier (revised edition). Cambridge: MIT, 2000. Stix, Gary. Gigabit Gestalt: Clinton and <mask> embrace an activist technology policy . Scientific American, May 1993. Turque, Bill, Inventing <mask>'', Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000,

External links

 Board of Trustees at World Economic Forum

  including his Nobel Lecture December 10, 2007

1948 births
1992 United States vice-presidential candidates
1996 United States vice-presidential candidates
Living people
20th-century American

masks:
Al
Alexander
Al Gore
Gore
Al Gore


title: Manuel Alvar

texts:
<mask> (July 8, 1923 - August 13, 2001) was a Spanish linguist, historian, and university professor who specialized in the study of dialectology and philology of the Spanish language. Throughout his career, <mask> oversaw and influenced the creation of many Spanish linguistic atlases; maps which recorded speech variations in a given geographical area. He served as Director of the Real Academia Española for four years, and was a member of language academies throughout Europe and Latin America. Early life and education
<mask> was born on July 8, 1923 in Benicarló, Castellón de la Plana, Spain. He began his studies at the Universidad de Zaragoza, where he was a student of <mask>, a renowned Spanish philologist. <mask> transferred to the Universidad de Salamanca and graduated from there in 1945 with the highest honors, with a degree in Philosophy and Spanish Literature. Just three years later, <mask> received his doctorate from the Universidad de Madrid.His primary teaching position was at the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. <mask> married historian Elena Ezquerra and together they had seven sons, many of whom are likewise academics and linguistically inclined—one is a lexicographer and university linguistics professor; another teaches Romance language philology; a third teaches Latin philology. <mask> lost his battle to lung cancer in August 2001, at the age of 78. He is buried in Chinchón, a small town southeast of Madrid. Professional contributions and major areas of study

Fieldwork
<mask>'s research provides sociohistorical context of Spanish dialect diversification, outlined in his Manual de dialectología hispánica (1996). His studies cover Spanish dialect variants in his native country (especially in Andalucía, the Canary Islands, Navarra and Aragón regions), as well as Spanish dialects in the United States, South and Central America. <mask>'s study of Spanish in the Aragón region includes an in-depth historical background, development of orthography over time, personal names, and variation in syntax, morphology, and

masks:
Manuel Alvar
Alvar
Manuel Alvar
José Manuel Blecua
Alvar
Alvar
Alvar
Alvar
Alvar
Alvar


title: Manuel Alvar

texts:
 phonology, published in his 1953 work El Dialecto Aragonés.For <mask>'s later publication, "Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Aragón" (1979-1983), he and his team transcribed words pronounced in isolation, elicited from residents of the Aragón region. He used a similar method to elicit data from people living in the Canary Islands and published a linguistic atlas of this dialect in 1975. <mask> was a strong proponent of smaller linguistic atlases focusing on regional variation rather than larger national atlases—his Atlas Lingüístico de España y Portugal reflects this preference, though that atlas began more than 30 years ago with the fieldwork still not complete. <mask> has also been criticized for using overly traditional field methods in his dialectology studies, for example focusing on forms in isolation rather than in context, or leaving out morphosyntactic variables. Teaching
<mask> spent much of his professional life teaching. He began his teaching career in 1947 at the University of Salamanca as an adjunct professor. In 1948 he became chair of the department of Spanish languages at the University of Granada.<mask> also taught at the Autonomous University of Madrid and Universidad Complutense, securing chair positions at both universities in 1968 and 1971, respectively. He served as director of a program teaching Spanish language and culture to foreigners in Málaga from 1965-1968, and was known for his passion for teaching Spanish as a foreign language throughout his life. In 1966, <mask> developed an advanced Spanish philology course at the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), leading it until 1997. He served as a visiting professor at universities in his native Spain as well as many foreign universities, and was nominated for awards at several universities in North and South America, as well as Europe. Membership in language academies
<mask> served as a member of several prestigious language academies. He served as Director of the Real Academia Española from 1988 until 1991. The Academy, based in

masks: Alvar Alvar Alvar Alvar Alvar Alvar Alvar


title: Manuel Alvar

texts:
 Madrid, is the official royal institution responsible for overseeing the Spanish language.<mask> was also a member of the Academia Colombiana de la Lengua (specializing in the use of Spanish in Colombia and counseling the Colombian government in language affairs and regulations), la Academia Argentina de Letras (which is closely affiliated with the Royal Spanish Academy as a member of the Association of Spanish Language Academies), and la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua (likewise dedicated to the conservation and purity of the Spanish language as well as increasing the study of Spanish, according to its stated objectives). <mask> was also a member of several historical and cultural academies, including the Real Academia de la Historia, appointed to serve as director in 1999 (replacing Luis Díez del Corral). The Academia studies history "ancient and modern, political, civil, ecclesiastical, military, scientific, of letters and arts, of civilization, and of the culture of the Spanish people." Beginning in 1963, <mask> also served as director of the CSIC Department of Linguistic Geography and Dialectology, Spain's largest public institution dedicated to Spanish language research. Legacy

Influence
Although his work in dialectology has been the most influential, <mask>'s work broached other topics such as the linguistics of Romance languages in general, historical linguistics, toponymy, medieval literature (serving as principal investigator along with the University of Wisconsin in developing the Spanish Medieval Dictionary in 1978), translation, history of the Americas, among others. In terms of dialectology, <mask> wrote, directed, or coordinated the development of many linguistic atlases and Spanish-language research published in Spain and Latin America during the second half of the 20th century, including the Atlas Lingüístico y Etnográfico de Andalucía (ALEA), the Atlas Lingüístico de España y Portugal (ALEP), the Atlas Lingüístico de Castilla y León (ALCyL), and the Linguistic and Ethnographical Atlas of Argentina

masks: Alvar Alvar Alvar Alvar Alvar


title: Manuel Alvar

texts:
 (AleCuyo). Alvar served as a member of the Executive Committee of the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) in Holland in 1971, a linguistic atlas supported by UNESCO which includes Altaic languages, Basque, Indo-European languages, Ibero-Caucasian languages, Semitic languages and Uralic languages.Forty-seven national committees and four minority language committees worked on this atlas. Other important atlases <mask> has worked on include an Atlas Lingüístico de Andalucía (1957-1959). In his work on Spanish in the United States, he worked closely with the Comité Conjunto Hispano-Norteamericano to develop an atlas there, and in 1991 produced one of the most comprehensive atlases of the Latin America, Atlas Lingüístico de Hispanoamérica. <mask> continued to publish books and journal articles until late in life. Controversy
<mask> has been criticized by his contemporaries for an overly nationalistic and colonialist viewpoint on the Spanish language. In his final year as director of the Real Academia Española, <mask> responded harshly to the European Commission (an institution of the European Union) after it requested that Spain revoke its law that all typewriters, computers and printers sold domestically include the tilde, a Spanish diacritical mark. <mask> declared that "[T]he tilde is our tradition and our identity."He also received criticism for a statement he made in 1991 about indigenous languages, stating, "Mexico knew better than anybody else the value of having a language that unifies, that liberates the indigenous communities from their backwardness and misery...the path to freedom runs through hispanization." Awards and recognition
<mask> received many prestigious awards during his life, and after his death has been honored with awards given in his name. He lectured throughout the world, and received numerous degrees honoris causa. Beginning in 1991 he was appointed member of the Colegio Libre de Eméritos at the University of Madrid. <mask> won the coveted Premio Nacional de Literatura in 1976 for his work in

masks:
Alvar
Alvar
Alvar
Alvar
Alvar
Manuel Alvar
Alvar


title: Manuel Alvar

texts:
 sociolinguistics and linguistic geography, and presided over the Fifth International Congress of Linguistic Studies in the Mediterranean (Málaga, 1973). <mask> received a Fulbright grant for his work on "Atlas de los marineros peninsulares." He received the coveted Premio Nacional de Investigación (awarded by Spanish National Research Council) for his 1960 publication "Estructura del léxico andaluz" and the Premio Nacional de Literatura por Aragón in 1976.The Institución Fernando el Católico created a position entitled "<mask> Chair of the Linguistics Department" in his honor in 1985, while the National University of San Juan (Argentina) created the "Instituto de Filología Manuel Alvar" in 1992, in recognition of his work . The Fundación José Manuel Lara (in Seville) grants an award for excellence in the humanities each year in <mask>'s name, beginning in 1993. Major publications
<mask> published works in more than 170 books and 600 scientific articles throughout his lifetime, below are listed some of his most-cited works. 1947: "Dialectical Boundaries in the Pyrenees"
 1953: "El dialecto aragonés" (The Aragon dialect)
 1960: Texto hispánicos dialectales (Text of Spanish Dialects)
 1961: Atlas lingüístico y etnográfico de Andalucia (Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Andalusia)
 1969: Variedad y unidad del español (Variety and Uniformity of Spanish)
 1976: "El dialecto riojano" (The Rioja dialect)
 1977: Estudios lingüísticos sobre la Amazona colombiana (Linguistic Studies of the Colombian Amazon)
 1996: Manual de dialectología hispánica: el español de América (Manual of Spanish Dialectology: the Spanish of the Americas)
 1996: Manual de dialectologia hispánica: el español de España (Manual of Spanish Dialectology: the Spanish of Spain)

References

External Links
 <mask> in Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes
Giuseppe Di Stefano. "<mask> Alvar López (1923-2001)", in: Asociación Hispánica de Literatura Medieval. Miembros de Honor

1923 births
2001 deaths
Linguists from Spain
University of Salamanca

masks:
Alvar
Manuel Alvar
Alvar
Manuel Alvar
Manuel Alvar
Manuel


title: John M. Parker

texts:
<mask>, Sr. (March 16, 1863 – May 20, 1939), was an American Democratic politician from Louisiana, who served as the state's 37th Governor from 1920 to 1924. He was a friend and admirer of U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt. Early years
<mask> was born in Bethel Church, Mississippi to <mask> and Roberta Bunchner, wealthy parents whose families each owned substantial plantation lands in that state. He was educated at the historic prep school Chamberlain-Hunt Academy in Port Gibson, Mississippi, Belle View Academy in Virginia, and Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York. A prominent businessman, he was the president of the New Orleans Cotton Exchange and the Board of Trade. In 1891, <mask> participated in the mob that lynched eleven Italian immigrants in New Orleans, avenging the murder of Police Chief David C. Hennessy. He refused to apologize for his role because he believed the mass lynching was justified.<mask> the Progressive
<mask> first ran for governor in 1916 as the nominee of Roosevelt's 1912 Progressive Party and polled 37.2 percent of the vote against the Democratic choice, Ruffin Golson Pleasant of Shreveport. Later in 1916, the national Progressive Party chose <mask> as its candidate for vice president, but Roosevelt returned to the GOP fold and endorsed Charles Evans Hughes for president. The Democrats Woodrow Wilson and <mask> were nevertheless reelected to the presidency and vice presidency. Four years later, <mask> returned to the Democratic fold, considered an essential move to win a Louisiana election at the time, and was elected governor with former opponent Pleasant's support. Louisiana governors were then term-limited after a single four-year term but could seek second terms after sitting out four years. <mask>'s record as governor

As governor, <mask> was known for his interest in building gravel roads in rural areas. There were few paved highways at the time in Louisiana.<mask> advocated increased oil and gas severance taxes to finance public education. Huey Pierce Long, Jr., criticized <mask>'s tax plan as "too little" for the state's needs. <mask> also opposed the New Orleans

masks:
John Milliken Parker
Parker
John Milliken Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Thomas Marshall
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker


title: John M. Parker

texts: political machine. Like Roosevelt, <mask> was a staunch conservationist of natural resources and the environment. He also was skeptical of large business combinations that tended to become monopolies. <mask> led the move to draw up the Louisiana Constitution of 1921. He also pushed for the relocation of Louisiana State University from the downtown to the southern part of Baton Rouge.His old rival Huey Long later tried to mold LSU into the Long mystique. <mask> failed to increase educational funding to the level desired and to expand state civil service protection. He often found that his fiscal conservatism was in conflict with his progressive spirit. In 1922, he sent the Federal Bureau of Investigation a message begging for help in fighting the Ku Klux Klan, which had grown so powerful in Louisiana that it not only controlled the northern half of the state but had kidnapped, tortured, and killed two people who opposed it. <mask> commuted the death sentences of two African Americans, Chester Tyson and <mask>, convicted in a notorious murder case in the community of Grove in Webster Parish in northwestern Louisiana. On Christmas Day 1916, the family of <mask> Reeves, including his wife <mask>e and three of their four children, were bludgeoned to death by a group of axe-wielding men. The presumed motive for the killing was money that Reeves, who distrusted banks, had boasted of having stashed away in a mattress in his house.The prosecutor in the case, Harmon Caldwell Drew of Minden, had been on the job for less than a month when the crime occurred. The district judge in the case was <mask>. Sandlin, later a U.S. representative and like Drew a resident of Minden and an occasional intraparty opponent of Huey Long and his family. A petition sent to the Louisiana Board of Pardons claimed that two white men, Henry Waller and <mask> Long, had actually planned and carried out the crime but had each received life sentences, rather than the death penalty. Governor <mask>, on Sandlin's recommendation, commuted the sentences of Tyson and Peters to twenty years, and they were released in 1936. <mask> blamed the confusion

masks:
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Mark Peters
John Nelson
Maud
John N
Johnie
Parker
Parker


title: John M. Parker

texts:
 over the case on his predecessor, Governor Pleasant, for having hesitated in carrying out the initial sentence of hanging. Post-gubernatorial years
After his gubernatorial term ended, <mask> devoted himself to his experimental farm at Bayou Sara near St. Francisville in West Feliciana Parish. In June 1929, he was named president of the Constitutional League of Louisiana, which was organized at the St. Charles Hotel in New Orleans to "save the state from Huey Long".State Senator Norris C. Williamson of East Carroll Parish became the vice-president of the 300-member group. Two other former governors, Jared Y. Sanders, Sr., and Ruffin Pleasant also spoke out against the Long political organization. <mask> died in 1939 at the age of seventy-six in Pass Christian, Mississippi, east of New Orleans. He is interred at Metairie Cemetery in New Orleans. The 12,000-seat <mask><mask> Agricultural Coliseum on the LSU campus is named in his honor. World War I
Roosevelt selected <mask> as one of eighteen officers (others included Seth Bullock, Frederick Russell Burnham, and James Rudolph Garfield) to raise a volunteer infantry division, Roosevelt's World War I volunteers, for service in France in 1917. The U.S. Congress gave Roosevelt the authority to raise up to four divisions similar to the Rough Riders of the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry Regiment and to the British Army 25th (Frontiersmen) Battalion, Royal Fusiliers; however, as commander-in-chief, U.S. President Woodrow Wilson refused to make use of the volunteers, and the unit hence disbanded.References

Notes
 Political Graveyard
 State of Louisiana – Biography

External links
 Cemetery Memorial by La-Cemeteries

 <mask><mask> Papers at  The Historic New Orleans Collection

Governors of Louisiana
1863 births
1939 deaths
Eastman Business College alumni
Farmers from Louisiana
Businesspeople from Louisiana
Politicians from New Orleans
American Presbyterians
People from Washington, Louisiana
People from St. Francisville, Louisiana
Louisiana Democrats
Louisiana Progressives (1912)
Huey Long
Burials at Metairie Cemetery
Democratic Party state governors of the United

masks:
Parker
Parker
John M
. Parker
Parker
John M
. Parker


title: Babajide Sanwo-Olu

texts:
<mask> (born June 25, 1965) is a Nigerian politician and the current Governor of Lagos State. He became governor under the platform of the All Progressives Congress after contesting and unexpectedly winning the gubernatorial primaries under the All Progressives Congress against incumbent Governor Akinwunmi Ambode of Lagos State in October 2019. He is a graduate of the University of Lagos, as well as the London Business School, Lagos Business School and the John F. Kennedy School of Government. Before his gubernatorial ambition, he was the managing director and CEO of Lagos State Property Development Corporation (LSPDC). Education
Sanwo-Olu has a BSc in Surveying and an MBA from the University of Lagos. He is an alumnus of the John F. Kennedy School of Government, the London Business School and the Lagos Business School. He is an associate member of the Chartered Institute of Personnel Management (CIPM) and fellow of the Nigeria Institute of Training and Development (NITAD).Career

Banking
<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu was the treasurer at former Lead Merchant Bank from 1994 to 1997 after which he moved to the United Bank for Africa as the head of foreign money market. He then proceeded to First Inland Bank, Plc (now First City Monument Bank) as a deputy general manager and divisional head. He was the chairman of Baywatch Group Limited and First Class Group Limited. Public service
<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu began his political career in 2003, when he was appointed a Special Adviser on Corporate Matters to the then deputy governor of Lagos State, Femi Pedro. He was later made the acting Commissioner for Economic Planning and Budget until 2007, when he was appointed as the Commissioner for Commerce and Industry by then

masks:
Babajide Olusola Sanwo Olu
Babajide
Babajide


title: Babajide Sanwo-Olu

texts:
 Governor, Bola Tinubu. After the General Elections of 2007, <mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu was appointed Commissioner for Establishments, Training and Pensions by Governor Babatunde Fashola. <mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu was made Managing Director/CEO of the Lagos State Development and Property Corporation (LSDPC) by Governor Akinwunmi Ambode in 2016.Some of his notable public sector achievements include the supervision of the Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE) privatization projects. He set up and was the Pioneer Board Chairman of Lagos Security Trust Fund. The LAGBUS System and the Control & Command Centre in Alausa Ikeja were subsequently established under his directives. Politics
On 16 September 2018, <mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu formally declared his intention to run for the office of the governor of Lagos State under the platform of the All Progressives Congress (APC) making him a major contender to the incumbent governor Akinwunmi Ambode. His declaration attracted endorsements from major stakeholders in Lagos State politics; including the Governor’s Advisory Council of the Lagos chapter of the All Progressives Congress and members of the Lagos State House of Assembly, which led to withdrawal of Dr. Femi Hamzat, a governorship aspirant on the platform of the All Progressives Congress APC in Lagos from the gubernatorial race. He won the Lagos gubernatorial primaries of the All Progressives Congress (APC) on 2 October 2018. At the APC flag-off campaign rally held on 8 January 2019, Governor of Lagos, Akinwunmi Ambode, and 63 political parties lent their support for the candidacy of Mr <mask> Sanwo-Olu.In a landslide victory over his opponent, Jimi Agbaje, Sanwo-Olu was elected to the Office of Governor of Lagos State at the

masks: Babajide Babajide Babajide Babajide


title: Babajide Sanwo-Olu

texts:
 disband the protests. This led to the shooting and killing of an unconfirmed number of protesters, leaving others injured.Amidst the outcry over the shooting, the judicial panel Sanwo-Olu set up earlier that week to look into police brutality started to investigate the incident. Over a year later in November 2021, the panel released its report on the shooting, stating that at least nine people were shot dead and declaring it a "massacre" in direct contradiction to Army statements. However, Sanwo-Olu immediately set up a committee to write a white paper on the panel's report and the white paper committee swiftly denied any deaths occurred leading to criticism from civil society and protesters. Awards

<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu has obtained a variety of awards in his career, some of which include:

 Platinum award from the Lagos State Public Service Club. 2009 Best in Human Capital Development award from the Industrial Training Fund (ITF). Merit award from the Association of National Accountants of Nigeria. Merit award from the Chartered Institute of Personnel Management in Nigeria (CIPMN).Merit Award from the Association of Professional Women Engineers of Nigeria (APWEN). LSDPC Impactful Leadership and Recognition Award. Media Nite-Out Award for Best Governor of the Year (2020). Personal life
<mask> Olusola Sanwo-Olu is married to Dr. Ibijoke Sanwo-Olu. See also

List of Yoruba people
List of Governors of Lagos State

References

Politicians from Lagos
1965 births
Living people
Yoruba politicians
University of Lagos alumni
Governors of Lagos State
Harvard Kennedy School alumni
Alumni of London Business School
All Progressives Congress politicians
People from Lagos State
Nigerian Pentecostals
Lagos Business School

masks: Babajide Babajide


title: Phong Bui

texts:
<mask><mask> (born September 17, 1964, in Huế, Vietnam) is an artist, writer, independent curator, and Co-Founder and Artistic Director of The Brooklyn Rail, a free monthly arts, culture, and politics journal. <mask> was named one of the "100 Most Influential People in Brooklyn Culture" by Brooklyn Magazine in 2014. In 2015, The New York Observer called him a "ringmaster" of the "Kings County art world." <mask> was the recipient of the 2021 American Academy of Arts and Letters Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts. He lives in Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Publisher, writer, and editor
In addition to fostering the creative energy behind The Brooklyn Rail, Bui publishes Rail Editions, a venture that features experimental poetry, fiction, artist interviews, and art criticism, and has published titles on artist Ron Gorchov, art critic Irving Sandler, poet Luigi Ballerini, and a collection of poems by Florbela Espanca, the first collection of the Portuguese modernist poet to appear in English. Bui contributes essays, reviews, and interviews to the Brooklyn Rail, and creates portraits of each month's featured interviewees.He has written articles for Matador Magazine, Art in America, and Riot of Perfume, among others, as well as essays for exhibition catalogues and books on artists. In addition to his writing, he is the producer and host of the program Off The Rail, hosted by Clocktower Productions's Clocktower Radio, where he interviews artists, art historians, and art writers. In 2018, <mask> launched the River Rail, a biannual publication devoted to the environment, climate change, and the "urgent subject of nature: its beauty, abuse, and changing climate that is gravely affecting every aspect of the planet’s

masks:
Phong H
. Bui
Bui
Bui
Bui


title: Phong Bui

texts:
 ecosystem, and our lives." Curator
<mask> has curated over 50 monographic and group shows since 2000, including the first anniversary commemoration in 2013 of Hurricane Sandy: Come Together: Surviving Sandy, Year 1, "a sprawling, encompassing, inspiring exhibition of works by some 300 artists," according to Roberta Smith of the New York Times. The show was ranked as New York's #1 exhibition in 2013 by Jerry Saltz of New York Magazine. In 2013 he initiated the Rail Curatorial Projects which aims to curate exhibitions as social experiments. In 2014, <mask> curated Bloodflames Revisited which featured the work of more than two dozen artists at Paul Kasmin Gallery and Spaced Out: Migration to the Interior at Red Bull Studios, featuring nearly 40 artists.In 2015, <mask> organized a two-part exhibition entitled Intimacy in Discourse: Reasonable and Unreasonable Sized Paintings taking place at both Mana Contemporary and the SVA Chelsea Gallery. His most recent curatorial project was a two-part exhibition with Mana Contemporary in 2017, titled Occupy Mana: Artists Need To Create On the Same Scale That Society Has the Capacity To Destroy & Friends In Solidarity, Year 1. This exhibit included over 60 artists addressing social and political issues, including human rights and equality, immigration, foreign relations, the environment, and climate change, and continued <mask>'s curatorial activation of Peter Lamborn Wilson's concept of the Temporary Autonomous Zone, "a space wherein the fluctuation of artistic energy establishes the flow of information, and in so doing aligns—however fleetingly—a great collective imagination. Here one finds the potential for awakening one’s perception and agency of self-discovery." The show

masks: Bui Bui Bui Bui


title: Phong Bui

texts:
 has since seen new realizations in two different spaces. Firstly in May 2019 as part of the Venice Biennale titled, Social Environment: Artists Need To Create On the Same Scale That Society Has the Capacity To Destroy. Secondly the show has had its most revisitation at the Colby College Museum of Art in July 2019 titled, Occupy Colby: Artists Need to Create on the Same Scale That Society Has the Capacity to Destroy, Year 2.<mask> served as curatorial advisor at MoMA PS1 from 2007 to 2010 where he organized monographic exhibitions of artists including Robert Bergman, Jonas Mekas, Joanna Pousette-Dart, Tony Fitzpatrick, Harriet Korman, and Jack Whitten, and numerous group exhibitions including Irrational Profusion: Nicole Cherubini, Marc Leuthold, Joyce Robins, Peter Schlesinger and Orpheus Selection: Nicola Lopez & Lisa Sigal. <mask> has curated other exhibitions at various galleries including recent work by Ron Gorchov at Cheim & Read as well as Exquisite Fucking Boredom, a exhibition of Polaroid images by artist and writer Emma Bee Bernstein at Microscope Gallery. Artist

A graduate of the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, PA, <mask> continued his postgraduate studies at the New York Studio School of Drawing, Painting, and Sculpture and studied independently with Nicolas Carone. <mask> is a multi-disciplinary artist whose work includes painting, sculpture, and site-specific installation. Since 2012 he has been working on his on-going social sculpture/environment, which attempts to realize "art as social activity" and to reinforce the notion that "the process of art making is the art." In 2006, <mask> won the Award in Art from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, and the Eric Isenbeurger Annual Prize

masks: Bui Bui Bui Bui Bui


title: Phong Bui

texts:
 for Installation from the National Academy Museum. His work has been included in group exhibitions at Pierogi, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, and the North Dakota Museum of Art.<mask> has lectured at Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Bard College, and taught at Yale University, Rhode Island School of Design, University of Pennsylvania, and the School of Visual Arts where he is currently giving graduate seminars in MFA Writing and Criticism and MFA Photography, Video, and Related Media. He has won an Arcadia Traveling Fellowship, a Hohenberg Traveling Fellowship, and a Pollock-Krasner Foundation Fellowship, and in 2014 was the keynote speaker of The Scholastic Art and Writing Awards, and was the Visionary Honoree at Art in General's Annual Benefit. In 2017, <mask> was awarded the Dorothea and Leo Rabkin Foundation Prize in Fine Arts Journalism. In 2019, the Lunder Institute named Bui a 2019 Lunder Institute Fellow. In July 2019, Bui received the Jetté Award for Leadership in the Arts 2019 from Colby College as well as curating Occupy Colby: Artists Need to Create on the Same Scale That Society Has the Capacity to Destroy, Year 2  at Colby Museum of Art. References

External links
Phong <mask>'s Official Website
In Conversation: Phong Bui with Constance Lewallen SFAQ
Phong Bui by Will Corwin
<mask> Bui with Maury Colton UMVA
Bui exhibition at Sarah Bowen Gallery
The Brooklyn Rail's Official Website
The Miami Rail
The Third Rail

1964 births
Living people
American publishers (people)
American art curators
People from Huế
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
American artists of Vietnamese descent
American writers of Vietnamese descent
Vietnamese emigrants to the

masks: Bui Bui Bui Phong


title: Raufeon Stots

texts:
<mask> (born December 16, 1988) is an American mixed martial artist and graduated collegiate wrestler currently competing in the bantamweight division of Bellator MMA. As a wrestler, he is a two-time NCAA Division II champion. As of February 1, 2022, he is #3 in the Bellator Bantamweight Rankings. Background
<mask> grew up modestly in Houston, Texas with his mother and two brothers. He started wrestling in his junior year at Klein Oak High School after the passing of his mother. He then earned a scholarship at Labette Community College and became an All-American with a fourth place finish in the NJCAA level as a freshman (08'-09'). As a sophomore (09'-10'), he once again qualified for the NJCAA tournament, but did not place.He then transferred to the University of Nebraska-Kearney (NCAA Division II), where he was forced to take a medical redshirt instead of a junior season (10'-11'). When he came back as a junior (11'-12'), he won his first DII title with a record of 30 wins and 6 losses, helping the team reach the team title. As a senior (12'-13'), he compiled his second NCAA title and helped the team win the team championship before graduating. When transferring from collegiate wrestling to mixed martial arts,

masks:
Raufeon Stots
Stots


title: Raufeon Stots

texts:
 <mask> found that it wasn't only his work ethic but also the body awareness that helped him move over and adapt to the new sport quickly. During his transition, fellow Nebraska at Kearney wrestler-turned-MMA, Kamaru Usman took <mask> under his wing as a mentor. Usman was pushed to <mask> by his mother due to the Nigerian roots both wrestlers shared. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> got into mixed martial arts after being introduced to the sport by Jens Pulver and Pat Miletich.After turning pro in May of 2015, he compiled 8 wins and no losses before competing at a regional event featured on the Lookin' for a Fight show, in an attempt of getting signed by the UFC. After losing the bout, he compiled 4 more wins before getting signed by Bellator MMA. <mask> chose to sign with Bellator out of LFA due to where he saw the promotion heading. <mask> said the signing of prospects in the sport instead of former UFC fighters was a big reason, giving him the opportunity to fight some of the best in the world. In addition to that, the Grand Prix tournaments put on by the promotion was another deciding factor for <mask>. Bellator MMA
In his promotional debut, <mask> faced Cheyden Leialoha on December 21, 2019 at

masks: Stots Stots Stots Stots Stots Stots Stots Stots


title: Raufeon Stots

texts:
 Bellator 236. He won the bout by unanimous decision.<mask> faced Cass Bell on July 24, 2020 at Bellator 242. He won the match via submission in the third round. <mask> faced Keith Lee at Bellator 253 on November 19, 2020. He won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Josh Hill at Bellator 258 on May 7, 2021. He won the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Magomed Magomedov on July 31, 2021 at Bellator 263.On July 19, it was announced that the bout was scratched from the event. It was rescheduled for Bellator 264 on August 13, 2021. <mask> won the bout via unanimous decision. Personal life
<mask> has a son, Clarence (born 2018). colspan="8"| NCAA Division II Championships Matches
|-
! Res.
! Record
!Opponent
! Score
! Date
! Event
|-
! style=background:white colspan=6 |2013 NCAA (DII) Championships  at 149 lbs
|-
|Win
|8–0
|align=left|Jacobd Horn
|style="font-size:88%"|4-3
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|March 8-9, 2013
|style="font-size:88%" rowspan=4|2013 NCAA Division II Wrestling Championships
|-
|Win
|7-0
|align=left|James Martinez
|style="font-size:88%"|MD 12-4
|-
|Win
|6–0
|align=left|Ryan Maus
|style="font-size:88%"|6-1
|-
|Win
|5–0
|align=left|Nate

masks: Stots Stots Stots Stots Stots Stots


title: Isaac Schapera

texts: <mask> FBA FRAI (23 June 1905 Garies, Cape Colony – 26 June 2003 London, England), was a social anthropologist at the London School of Economics specialising in South Africa. He was notable for his contributions of ethnographic and typological studies of the indigenous peoples of Botswana and South Africa. Additionally, he was one of the founders of the group that would develop British social anthropology. Not only did Schapera write numerous publications of his extensive research done in South Africa and Botswana, he published his work throughout his career (1923–1969), and even after he retired. As an anthropologist he focused on the lives and customs of the indigenous peoples of South Africa and was considered to be a specialist in the topic. Early in his career he would focus on studies of the Khoisan of South Africa until the 1930s, when he would begin to focus on Tswana of Botswana. Schapera also received many honours and titles, such as being the president of the Royal Anthropology Institute.Additionally, he was awarded an honorary doctorate when the University of Botswana was founded in 1985, was elected as Chair of the Association of Social Anthropology, and the Journal of African Law was founded in his honour. To compile his work for future generations and note his anthropological contributions a bibliography was published in the Botswana Journal of African African Studies. This academic journal has also dedicated an entire issue to the work he had done throughout his career. In 2003 his obituary was published in the academic journal Anthropology Today, titled


title: Isaac Schapera

texts:
 "The Legacy of <mask>". In the wake of his death, photographs he had taken of South Africa were published in a book Picturing a Colonial Past; The African Photographs by <mask> and the Recovering the Botswana project would be dedicated to him. Life, education, and career

<mask> was born in Garies, Namaqualand, South Africa where his father owned a general store. In his youth he attended school, and later university, in Cape Town, South Africa.During his early university career he was enrolled in law, but would later switch to anthropology. He was a student of Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown, who is considered a founder of structural-functionalism theory in anthropology. After finishing his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in anthropology, <mask> completed his doctorate at the London School of Economics and Politics (LSE) where he would be influenced by Bronislaw Malinowski. His thesis was titled The tribal system in South Africa: a study of the Bushmen and the Hottentots. Thereafter he taught briefly at the University of Witwatersrand before returning to Cape Town. There he worked as a professor of social anthropology before joining the Department of Anthropology at LSE. His continued to work there until he retired in 1969.Schapera's students would include future important figures of anthropology, such as Eileen Krige, Hilda Kuper, Max Gluckman, John Comaroff, Johan Frederik Holleman and Jean Comaroff. After his death, a research program called "Recovering the Schapera Project" was carried out by the University of Botswana to build upon Schapera's research. As a

masks:
Isaac Schapera
Isaac Schapera
Schapera
Schapera


title: Isaac Schapera

texts:
 professor he was noted by Kuper as "not being an inspiring lecturer, but [having] wonderful material". <mask>'s life was his work, and he never married. In his later years, Schapera rarely returned to the place of his studies, but did return to Botswana to receive the honorary degree awarded to him by the University of Botswana. Additionally, because of the damages to his vocal cords caused by surgery, he withdrew from socializing, though he maintained contact with students to stay up to date with ongoing anthropological studies. His legacy

"Recovering the Schapera Project" is the continuation of the extensive research made by Schapera of the people of Botswana.His style of recording and studying was applied to all aspects of life and thus resulted in a wealth of unpublished material. This material includes unpublished genealogies, history, and other culturally significant data. The Shapera Project is funded by the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Botswana for the university overtook assessing this data and building upon it after Schapera's death. Published material

He published numerous journal articles, nearly 200, as mentioned in the academic Journal of African Studies, which published a bibliography in 1998. Notable titles include: "The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa" (Schapera; 1930), "A Handbook of Tswana Law and Custom" (Schapera; 1938), "Married Life in an African Tribe" (Schapera; 1940), "The Ethnic Composition of Tswana Tribes" (Schapera; 1952); "The Tswana" (Schapera; 1953), "Government and Politics in Tribal Societies", (Schapera; 1956),


title: Isaac Schapera

texts:
 "Praise Poems of Tswana Chiefs" (Schapera; 1965), "David Livingstone's Journals and Letters" (Schapera; 1841–1856 (6 vols), 1959–1963), "David Livingstone: South African papers" (Schapera; 1849–1853, 1974). Further reading

 Heald Suzette, "The Legacy of <mask>a", Anthropology Today Vol. 19 No. 6, (December 2003) 18–19.Heald Suzette, "<mask>: A Bibliography", Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies Vol. 12 No. 1 & 2 (1998) 100–115. <mask> <mask>, Picturing a Colonial Past; The African Photographs by <mask>, ed. Comaroff et al. (University of Chicago; 2007). References

Archives
Catalogue of the papers of <mask> held at LSE Archives
Catalogue of books from the library of <mask>, mainly on the subject of David Livingstone

1905 births
2003 deaths
South African anthropologists
Academics of the London School of Economics
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British anthropologists
British Jews
Fellows of the British Academy
Jewish scientists
South African Jews
University of Cape Town alumni
Fellows of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
Presidents of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
Jewish anthropologists
20th-century

masks:
Isaac Scper
Isaac Schapera
Schapera
Isaac
Isaac Schapera
Isaac Schapera
Isaac Schapera


title: Anthony Quinn

texts:
<mask>axaca (21 April 1915 – 3 June 2001), known professionally as <mask>, was a Mexican-born American actor, painter, writer, and film director. He was known for his portrayal of earthy, passionate characters "marked by a brutal and elemental virility" in numerous critically acclaimed films both in Hollywood and abroad. His notable films include La Strada, The Guns of Navarone, Guns for San Sebastian, Lawrence of Arabia, The Shoes of the Fisherman, The Message, Lion of the Desert, and A Walk in the Clouds. He also had an Oscar-nominated titular role in Zorba the Greek. <mask> won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor twice: for Viva Zapata! in 1952 and Lust for Life in 1956. In addition, he received two Academy Award nominations in the Best Leading Actor category, along with five Golden Globe nominations and two BAFTA Award nominations.In 1987, he was presented with the Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Lifetime Achievement Award. Through both his artistic endeavours and civil rights activism, he remains a seminal figure of Latin-American representation in the media of the United States. Life and career

1915–1936: Childhood, studies and early acting

Manuel Antonio Rodolfo <mask>axaca was born 21 April 1915, in Chihuahua, Mexico, during the Mexican Revolution to Manuela "Nellie" (née Oaxaca) and Francisco "Frank" <mask>. <mask> was born to an Irish immigrant father from County Cork, and a Mexican mother. Frank reportedly rode with Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa, then later moved to the East Los Angeles neighborhood of City Terrace and became an assistant cameraman at a movie studio. In <mask>'s

masks:
Manuel Antonio Rodolfo Quinn O
Anthony Quinn
Quinn
Quinn O
Quinn
Frank Quinn
Quinn