title: Bobby Valentine

texts:
 Mets traded Dave Kingman to San Diego for minor league pitcher Paul Siebert and <mask>, sent Tom Seaver to the Cincinnati Reds for Pat Zachry, Doug Flynn, Steve Henderson, and Dan Norman, and Mike Phillips to the St. Louis Cardinals for Joel Youngblood. Seattle Mariners
<mask>'s role with the Mets became even more limited, and he was released in spring training, 1979. He signed with the Seattle Mariners shortly afterwards, and made his debut as a catcher that season. Following the season, he retired from baseball at 29 years of age. Managerial career

Texas Rangers
Valentine was serving as a member of the Mets coaching staff when he was selected by the Texas Rangers to take over managing duties from Doug Rader 32 games into the 1985 season. The Rangers went 53–76 the rest of the season, finishing with an overall record of 62–99. In 1986 the Rangers finished second in the American League West with a record of 87–75, and <mask> finished second in voting for the AL Manager of the Year.The Rangers fell back into sixth place the following two seasons, and <mask> was fired by managing partner George W. Bush halfway through the 1992 season with a record of 45–41. Toby Harrah took over as manager, and led the Rangers to a 77–85 record and a fourth-place finish. <mask> finished his Rangers' managerial career with a record of 581 wins and 605 losses with no post–season appearances. In 1989, while still managing the Rangers, <mask> worked as an on-the-field analyst for NBC's 1989 ALCS coverage alongside Bob Costas and Tony Kubek. Norfolk Tides
In 1994, <mask> managed the Mets' Triple-A affiliate, the Norfolk Tides, to a 67–75 record, and finished fourth in the five-team West Division of the International League. Chiba

masks: Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine


title: Bobby Valentine

type: original

texts:
 Lotte Marines
In 1995, <mask> began his first stint as manager of the Chiba Lotte Marines in the Japanese Pacific League. That season, the team surprised most Japanese baseball fans by finishing in second place (69–58–3); the Marines had not won the Japanese Pacific league pennant since 1974.However, he was fired abruptly due to a personal conflict with general manager Tatsuro Hirooka, despite having a two-year contract. New York Mets
<mask> returned to the Norfolk Tides in 1996, managing them to an 82–59 record and second place in the International League's West Division. He then was promoted to manager of the Mets with 31 games left in the 1996 season, and led them to a 12–19 record the rest of the way. Over the next two seasons, <mask> led a Mets resurgence, finishing 14 games over .500 (88–74) both years. In the 12th inning of a 14-inning marathon against the Toronto Blue Jays on June 9, 1999, <mask> was ejected by home plate umpire Randy Marsh for arguing a catcher's interference call against Mike Piazza. <mask> returned to the dugout an inning later disguised with sunglasses and a fake moustache made from eye black. The Mets went on to win the game 4–3, and Major League Baseball fined <mask> $5,000 and suspended him for two games.<mask> led the Mets to a record of 97–66 and a wild card playoff berth that season. The Mets defeated the Arizona Diamondbacks in four games (3–1) en route to the National League Championship Series, where they eventually lost to their division rival the Atlanta Braves in six games (4–2). In early 2000, <mask>, in which he allegedly mentioned to students at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School of Business somewhat cynical, insider comments regarding a handful of

masks: Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine


title: Bobby Valentine

texts:
 Mets players and the organization as a whole. The incident was  called "The Whartongate Affair". The year <mask> returned as Mets manager, finishing with a 94–68 record and another wild card playoff berth. This time the Mets were successful in winning the National League pennant, defeating the St. Louis Cardinals in the 2000 National League Championship Series in five games (4–1). The Mets lost the 2000 World Series to their crosstown rivals the New York Yankees in five games (4–1).On July 14, 2001, <mask> won his 1,000th game as manager, doing so against the Boston Red Sox in his 1,958th game as manager. <mask> won the 2002 Branch Rickey Award for his donations and personal work with survivors of the September 11 attacks. <mask> had an uneasy, if not volatile relationship with general manager Steve Phillips, who fired three of <mask>'s coaches and selected the replacements himself during the 1999 season (in a move many observers felt was an attempt to get <mask> to quit) and eventually fired him after the 2002 season. He finished his Mets managerial career with a record of 536 wins and 467 losses. Second stint with the Chiba Lotte Marines

In 2004, <mask> rejoined the Chiba Lotte Marines as manager, and in 2005 led the Marines to their first Pacific League pennant since 1974 following a close playoff with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. On October 26, 2005, the Marines won the Japan Series in a four-game sweep of the Hanshin Tigers. The next day <mask> issued a challenge to the World Series champion Chicago White Sox on behalf of the Marines, calling for a series to be played between the American and Japanese championship teams.Following their Japan Series championship, the Marines won the inaugural Asia


title: Bobby Valentine

texts:
 Series by defeating the Samsung Lions of the Korea Baseball Organization in November 2005. <mask> aided in bringing innovative promotions to Japan, which doubled Marine attendance during his tenure. Some of these gimmicks, like allowing children to run the bases after games or dedicated autograph sessions, are common in America but were unseen in Japan; others, such as <mask> hosting dance classes for female fans, played on the manager's personal appeal (and his history—<mask> was a competition ballroom dancer in his youth). In 2008, <mask> was the subject of the ESPN Films documentary The Zen of Bobby V., which followed <mask> and his 2007 Marines team. The Zen of Bobby V. was an official selection at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival. The Marines let <mask> go after the 2009 season after an extensive smear campaign led by club president Ryuzo Setoyama, which ironically backfired and resulted in an overflow of support for <mask> by local fans. In the end, <mask> was fired, even though a petition to extend his contract was presented to the organization with 112,000 signatures.ESPN
<mask> accepted a position as a baseball analyst for ESPN. He had previously appeared on the cable network's Baseball Tonight show in 2003. He made his broadcasting debut for the 2009 American and National League Championship Series and World Series. In late 2009, <mask> was a candidate to replace Eric Wedge as manager of the Cleveland Indians, however the job went to Manny Acta. <mask> continued working with ESPN for the 2010 MLB season. He was interviewed for the Baltimore Orioles managerial position after manager Dave Trembley was fired in early June; <mask> later withdrew his name from consideration. <mask> was considered a front

masks: Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine


title: Bobby Valentine

texts:
 runner for the Florida Marlins managerial position that opened after Manager Fredi González was fired in late June.However, <mask> confirmed he was no longer a candidate for the position after the Florida Marlins owner, Jeffrey Loria stated that Edwin Rodríguez, the interim manager they summoned to replace Gonzalez, would manage the team through the 2010 season. With the firing of the New York Mets manager Jerry Manuel at the end of the 2010 season, <mask> had been speculated by the local New York sports media of returning to the team. It was also reported that the Toronto Blue Jays and Seattle Mariners had interviewed <mask> for their open managerial job. <mask> was interviewed by the Milwaukee Brewers for their managerial opening in October 2010. He was believed to be a finalist along with Bob Melvin, Joey Cora, and Ron Roenicke. The position eventually went to Angels bench coach Roenicke. On December 1, 2010, <mask>, Orel Hershiser and Dan Shulman were named as ESPN's new Sunday Night Baseball crew for the 2011 MLB season.In June 2011, news outlets reported that <mask> was once again a candidate for the Florida Marlins managerial position after the ballclub free fell in the standings. That did not come to fruition, however, as the Marlins hired former White Sox manager Ozzie Guillén. Boston Red Sox

On November 21, 2011, <mask> met with the Boston Red Sox for a formal interview for the open manager's position, and on November 29, it was reported that he would be the new Red Sox manager and the successor to Terry Francona. <mask> was introduced by Red Sox General Manager Ben Cherington on December 2, 2011, and chose to wear number 25 in honor of the late Tony Conigliaro, with whom he briefly roomed during

masks: Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Bobby Valentine


title: Bobby Valentine

texts:
 spring training 1976 with the San Diego Padres. <mask>'s first and only season with Boston was marred by injuries, public feuds with players, run-ins with the media, and a tumultuous relationship with his coaches. Under <mask>'s management, the 2012 Red Sox finished last in the AL East at 69–93, their worst record in 47 years. <mask> was fired by the Red Sox on October 4, 2012, just one day after the conclusion of the regular season.Managerial record

Sacred Heart University
<mask> took over as athletic director at Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, Connecticut on July 1, 2013. During his tenure <mask> helped to raise the visibility of Pioneer athletics, with appearances on ESPN, SNY and other national and regional media outlets. He oversaw the replacement of the playing surface on Campus Field, as well as its surrounding track, in addition to renovations to William H. Pitt Center. Sacred Heart University invested $21.8 million in the construction of the <mask> Valentine Health and Recreation Center, a 57,400-square foot, three-story, fitness facility for the whole student population, which includes an indoor track, a bowling center, an 18-bike spin center, a 45-foot climbing wall and exercise and weight-training rooms. The facility opened in August 2019. In addition, the Pioneers won their NEC-best eighth Joan Martin Commissioner's Cup for excellence in women's athletics in 2015, and overall the Pioneers have captured 13 conference championships since he has taken the helm. Programs have garnered national acclaim in that time, with the football team finishing the 2014 season nationally ranked, and the fencing squad finishing 11th in the NCAA at the 2014 championship.In September 2016 <mask> was named

masks: Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Valentine Bobby Valentine


title: Bobby Valentine

texts:
 the ECAC Division I Administrator of the Year. Awards and honors
Elected to the Connecticut High School Coaches Hall of Fame (1986)
New Jersey Sports Writers Association "Sports Humanitarian of the Year" (2001)

Beyond baseball
Since 1980, <mask> has owned and operated Bobby V's Restaurant & Sports Bar, a sports bar that is located in his hometown of Stamford, with franchises slated to open in Norwalk, Connecticut, Arlington, Texas, and Middletown, Rhode Island. In 2010, <mask> started the production company, Makuhari Media, with producing partner Andrew J. Muscato. The company produces sports themed documentaries. In 2011, Mayor Michael Pavia named <mask> Director of Public Safety for the city of Stamford, Connecticut. <mask> was paid a token $10,000 salary for this position, which he pledged to donate to city charities. <mask> left the position 11 months later to manage the Red Sox.In 2013, on the twelfth anniversary of the September 11 attacks, <mask> made comments that accused the New York Yankees of not contributing support to the New York community in the wake of the attacks. He was widely criticized for the inaccuracy of his comments, as many media sources documented several occasions on which the Yankees visited victims and workers after the attacks, and for the untimeliness of trying to take credit for helping. TBS had originally planned to feature <mask> as a studio analyst during its MLB on TBS coverage for the 2013 postseason, but reportedly declined to do so after the negative publicity his comments attracted. On December 9, 2016, WEEI reported that, on the recommendation of New Jersey governor Chris Christie, <mask> was being considered by Donald Trump's presidential transition team for


title: Bobby Valentine

texts:
 appointment as the United States Ambassador to Japan. In August 2021, <mask> accidentally left his phone on while recording a Cameo and submitted an 8 minute long video that included him not picking up his dog's poop in a neighbor's yard. 2021 Stamford mayoral election
On May 7, 2021,  <mask> announced he was running for mayor of Stamford, Connecticut, in the 2021 election. He ran as an unaffiliated candidate.He was challenged by Democratic state representative Caroline Simmons in the Stamford mayoral election that took place on Tuesday November 2, 2021. <mask> lost the election to Simmons by 1,505 votes. With her election, Simmons became the first woman Mayor of Stamford by taking 52.5% of the vote. <mask> obtained 47.5% of the vote. Personal life
<mask> was married to Mary Branca, the daughter of former Brooklyn Dodgers pitcher Ralph Branca and together they have a son. They separated in 2011 and later divorced in October 2021. He is currently in a relationship with a Japanese woman named Junko Ogino who he met in 1995 and became romantically involved with in 2007 while still married to Mary Branca.See also

 List of Major League Baseball managers by wins

References

External links

Baseball Gauge
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
<mask>'s Sports Academy

1950 births
Living people
Baseball coaches from Connecticut
American expatriate baseball people in Japan
Arizona Instructional League Dodgers players
Arizona State University alumni
Baseball players from Connecticut
Boston Red Sox managers
California Angels players
Charleston Charlies players
Chiba Lotte Marines managers
Cincinnati Reds coaches
Drinking establishment owners
Expatriate baseball managers in Japan
Hawaii Islanders players
American

masks:
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Valentine
Bobby Valentine


title: Charles A. Messenger

texts:
<mask>  <mask> (1853 – 21 April 1905), a professional sculler, was born in London where his family was well known in aquatic circles. He married <mask> on 30 November 1875 in Gore St Fitzroy, Victoria, and died in Sydney, Australia. The couple had eight children including the original Australian superstar of Rugby League and Rugby Union, <mask>. and the younger <mask>, who also represented Australia in Rugby League. Antecedent
His father James was a noted sculler and boat builder who in 1854 won the World Sculling Championship from Tom Cole (rower). James held the title for four years until beaten by the well known sculler Harry Kelley. <mask>' grandfather, <mask>, was a Queen's waterman and bargemaster to Queen Victoria on the River Thames.In 1862 he won the sculling race down the Thames, the renowned and historical Doggett's Coat and Badge, the oldest rowing race in the world and which is mentioned in the famous diary of Samuel Pepys FRS 1633–1703. For centuries it was considered the sculling championship of the world. Personal and sculling chronology
<mask> migrated to Australia in the early 1870s in search of sculling fame and fortune. He gained a job in his trade as a boatbuilder at Greenlands Boatbuilders in Melbourne, where boatsheds still exist to this day, east of Princes Bridge (2020). At the time of his marriage (1875) he was living at Emerald Hill on the land on which is now the South Melbourne Town Hall.(2020). His main competitors in Melbourne were John Christie and John Cazaly, father of the later famous Australian Rules footballer, Roy Cazaly, of Up There Cazaly fame. On 1 July 1878 it

masks:
Charles
Amos Messenger
Annie Frances Atkinson
Dally Messenger
Wally Messenger
Charles
James Arthur Messenger
Charles Messenger


title: Charles A. Messenger

texts: was John Christie whom <mask> defeated for the sculling championship of Victoria.Even though, courtesy of the Gold Rush, Melbourne was the second largest city in the British Empire, word came to <mask> that there was a rowing and sculling "fever" in NSW whereby races along the Parramatta River were enjoying over 100,000 spectators and the prize monies were much more generous than in Melbourne. He grew his reputation. In a famous race against Elias Laycock, <mask> was dubbed the "Melbourne man" and his competitor the "Sydney man". When <mask> was clearly winning the race, supporters of Laycock, who were following the race in a ferry, crossed in front of <mask> and swamped him, thus ensuring the win for Laycock. Despite this, <mask> returned to Melbourne, collected his wife and child (Bill) and shifted to Sydney. He set up a boatshed and boatbuilding business and a home at Balmain's Mort Bay where his second and third son (<mask> Jnr and "Dally" (April 1883) were born. Due to the intensity of Sydney development, in 1884 <mask> dismantled his business and home in Balmain and floated it in stages across to Double Bay.Here his business prospered as enthusiastic young people of Sydney took up sculling and sailing in boats mainly built by the <mask>s. All five <mask> sons, Bill, <mask>, Dally, Ernie, and Wally,  became apprentice boatbuilders to their father. In an attempt to capitalise on the exuberance of a large following of boat enthusiasts, from May 1889 to Dec 1889, while retaining the Double Bay business, <mask> became the licensee of Messenger's Tattersall's Hotel in Penrith on the Nepean River. It

masks:
Messenger
Charles
Messenger
Messenger
Messenger
Messenger
Charles
Messenger
Messenger
Messenger
Charles
Charles Messenger


title: Charles A. Messenger

texts:
 was here at Penrith that <mask> became part of the support team for another outstanding rower, Bill Beach, who successfully competed for the Championship of the world. He then returned to Double Bay. Sculling

His principal performances in Sydney were in a waterman's skiff race at the national regatta where he rowed third to Power (15 lbs) and Harry Pearce (55 lbs). In the third division of the Walker Whiskey race, he finished third to Michael Rush (rower) and R. Edwards.At the Grafton 1881 regatta, he started in the outrigger race against Rush and Elias C. Laycock, and was badly beaten. In 1882 <mask> travelled to Auckland in New Zealand where he competed under the assumed name of ‘Carter.’ His trainer was Harry Floyd who was associated with many of the Sydney scullers. At the Mercury Bay regatta on 26 January 1882, <mask> beat <mask> in an outrigger race. A later match race between them for £100 a side had the same result as did another race at the Auckland Regatta. Later it was revealed who ‘Carter’ was. In March 1882 <mask> and William Hearn raced in Wellington for the Single Sculls Championship of New Zealand. See New Zealand Sculling Championship.The stake was £100 a side and Hearn won without any trouble. <mask>'s  rowing weight was 11 stone (70 kg)

Strange race

One of the strangest races ever recorded was that between <mask> and Bill Beach in March 1883 in the Anniversary regatta held in Sydney. Largan, the English sculler, was also in the race, but had his boat cut in two by a 14-ft. open sailing boat shortly before the start. He, however, started in a borrowed outrigger, but retired after

masks:
Messenger
Messenger
Messenger
A White
Messenger
Messenger
Messenger


title: Charles A. Messenger

texts:
 going 200 yards. The weather was very rough, and, after changing places repeatedly, <mask>, who was leading, had his boat burst open and swamped forward by a sea, the after part sticking up in the air about three feet. Beach who had broken his slide and was pulling on a fixed seat, then shot up to him and yelled out, "I've beaten you now." <mask> was, of course, inclined to give in, but the people on the steamer yelled at him to go on in hopes something would happen to Beach also.Sure enough they were right, for in a few minutes the stern of his boat sank and the bow cocked up at an angle of 45 degrees. Then, <mask> seeing hope once more, removed his feet from the straps, took off his roller slides and held them in his mouth, and then standing up in his boat, half of which was completely buried under water, he turned round and sat straddle legs across the boat, his legs dangling in the water, a tempting bait for any shark in the vicinity. He faced the nose of the boat, and after an hour's hard rowing, during which the water was breaking over him, he rowed his boat stern first the last quarter of a mile, and passing the flagship a winner of one of the most singularly contested races ever recorded. After swamping, Beach gave up the contest. References

Observer newspaper, Auckland, 10 March 1883, Wanganui Chronicle 6 July 1878, 14 February 1882
Evening Post, 27 March 1882
Edward Hanlan, Champion Sculler, published Melbourne Albert S Manders & Co 1884

1853 births
1905 deaths
Sportsmen from New South Wales
Rowers from Sydney
Australian male rowers
19th-century Australian people
English emigrants to

masks: Messenger Messenger Messenger


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
<mask> (October 2, 1843 – October 19, 1886) was a Scottish-born American industrialist. He was the brother of steel magnate <mask> and co-founder of the Edgar Thomson Steel Works (a steel manufacturing company). Early life

He was born in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland, on October 2, 1843. His parents were Will and <mask>, and he had a brother, Andrew, who was eight years older. A sister, Ann, had been born in 1840 but died in infancy. His first cousin was future industrialist George Lauder. His father was a master weaver, and his mother sold food in the home and sewed soles on leather boots to help provide income.Left destitute by automation (which threw his father, a hand weaver, out of work), the family emigrated to the United States in 1848 and settled in "Slabtown"—an immigrant neighborhood in Allegheny City, at the time a distinct and fast-growing city on the north side of the Allegheny and Ohio Rivers across from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The family rented rooms from a relative who owned a house at 336 Rebecca Street. (The street is gone, replaced by Three Rivers Stadium football stadium.) Allegheny City was an unpleasant place to live. It had no municipal water system until 1848, no natural gas lines until 1853, and no sewer system, and wild hogs roamed the streets attacking children. There, <mask> attended local public school. As a boy, <mask> was "the beautiful white-haired child with lustrous black eyes, who everywhere attracted attention".He was generally considered well-mannered but reserved, and often went into a quiet room during social gatherings. He was also noted for his quick and wry sense of humor. And while

masks:
Thomas Morrison Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
Margaret Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 some, such as <mask> biographer Joseph Frazier Wall have concluded that <mask> secretly favored <mask>, others such as Richard S. Tedlow disagree and conclude that <mask> was largely isolated and lonely within the extended <mask> family and their large coterie of friends. It is well documented that Andrew and <mask> did not have the same group of friends, and that <mask>' group was smaller. In time, <mask> became a lifelong heavy drinker. Career

His older brother Andrew made a good deal of money from stock investing, and in 1853 purchased their rented home on Rebecca Street. In 1858, after Andrew had been appointed <mask>'s assistant, the <mask> family sold their Rebecca Street home and bought a large home in Altoona.Andrew was appointed superintendent of the western division of the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1859, and he made <mask> (who had quit school) his assistant. (This was not the end of <mask>' schooling. As an adult, he would later take classes at Duff College.) In 1859, the family moved back to Pittsburgh and resided at 10 Hancock Street (later renamed Eighth Street, and now part of the Downtown Pittsburgh central business district). But the pollution from nearby factories and iron forges proved too much, and after only a few short months on Hancock Street, Andrew purchased a Victorian home for <mask> and their mother in Homewood, then a middle-class village on the edge of Pittsburgh. Andrew and <mask> rode the train to and from work together, and attended the theater frequently. In 1861, Andrew persuaded <mask> to invest in the Columbia Oil Company, and it paid off handsomely.That <mask> should ask an 18-year-old

masks:
Andrew Carnegie
Margaret Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Carnegie
Thomas Scott
Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 boy to be a stock investor was not unusual. When Andrew traveled to Scotland with his mother and a friend in 1862, he left <mask> in charge of his numerous business affairs (assets by that time nearing $47,860 or roughly $8.5 million in 2009 inflation-adjusted dollars). Union Iron Mills
Thomas' business ventures were often pulled along in the wake of his older brother's interests, and he made his fortune in iron and steel because of Andrew. In 1861, <mask><mask>, Henry Phipps (the son of the shoemaker <mask> did home work for), Anthony Kloman, and Andrew Kloman organized the Iron City Forge in Pittsburgh to take advantage of the booming need for iron products during the American Civil War. <mask> subsequently bought out Anton Kloman's share. Phipps and <mask> later learned that Andrew Kloman had sold a one-ninth share in the business to a local man who subsequently died during the war, and <mask> bought his share (raising his ownership in the business to four-ninths). Kloman, <mask>, and Phipps were soon at odds over these transactions and one another's refusal to sell out to the others, and they sought <mask>'s assistance in resolving the dispute.On September 1, 1863, <mask> drew up new incorporation papers which made <mask> a "special partner" in the firm and which also made <mask> a partner in the business. The money for <mask>' investment came from Andrew. A clause in the contract permitted Kloman and Phipps to oust <mask> and make him a silent partner, which they quickly did. The same clause, however, gave <mask> the right to purchase the extra one-ninth share <mask> had obtained, and <mask> immediately financed this

masks:
Thomas
Thomas N
. Miller
Margaret Carnegie
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie
Miller
Thomas Carnegie
Thomas
Miller
Thomas Carnegie
Miller
Andrew Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts: purchase. When <mask>, one of Andrew's closest friends, protested, Andrew induced <mask> to plead with him to acquiesce lest Andrew's reputation as a fair dealer suffer. <mask> did so. Meanwhile, <mask> established a rival firm, the Cyclops Iron Company, with <mask> as an investor.The Cyclops firm opened in October 1864. <mask>, however, was deeply concerned that the Cyclops company would harm his own interests in Iron City Forge, and successfully prevailed on Andrew to merge the two firms. (It may also be true that Andrew always intended to merge the two firms in order to gain control of both, and used <mask> for this purpose.) Kloman and Phipps at first refused, but <mask> made an offer of all the shares in Cyclops plus an additional payment of $50,000 (a very large sum at the time). On May 1, 1865, the new Union Iron Mills Company was formed. <mask> was to "help out" as needed, and appointed vice president of the firm. While Andrew and Miller spent the better part of the next year touring Europe, <mask> flourished at the Union Iron Mills.The company struggled financially as the end of the Civil War led to sharp drops in the need for iron products, but <mask> proved to be a warm and friendly executive where his brother was cold and austere. <mask>' ability to make friends allowed the firm to receive numerous contracts and even infusions of capital when needed, and it is unlikely the company would have survived without him. Andrew wrote to <mask> extensively from Europe, constantly criticizing his business decisions, providing him with micromanaging instructions, and generally demeaning him. From Europe, Andrew also

masks:
Miller
Thomas
Miller
Miller
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts: badgered <mask> to make improvements to their home in America, and decided to call the rapidly expanding mansion "Fairfield." <mask>' judgement proved to be more prescient than Andrew's when, in July 1865, Andrew became fascinated with the "Dodd process," a new English method of welding steel facing to iron railroad rails and, despite <mask>' misgivings, he purchased the American patent for the process. The process proved unworkable, and although he made additional investments in retooling the mill, the rails produced by the new process were just as brittle and breakable as the those formerly manufactured. <mask> advised him to conserve his money, but Andrew purchased yet another steel welding patent to try to fix the process.That, too, failed and soon <mask>'s steel-welding business was bankrupt. <mask> correctly foresaw that Andrew too easily believed his judgment was infallible, and soon a coal mining process Andrew had purchased also led to significant financial losses. Meanwhile, <mask> began courting Lucy Coleman, daughter of Pittsburgh iron manufacturing magnate William Coleman. Coleman provided <mask> with critical advice on how to improve the Union Iron Mills, and inside information on the coming railroad building boom. Another critical business relationship was with Piper & Shiffler (later known as the Keystone Bridge Company), an iron bridge building firm invested in by Andrew in 1862. Andrew diverted much of Piper & Shiffler's contracts to the Union Iron Mills, further bolstering the company's profits. <mask> often tried to rein in some of his brother's excesses, but to no avail.For example, in 1866 Andrew

masks: Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Carnegie Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 proposed purchasing a pipe works adjacent to the old Cyclops Iron Works. <mask> opposed the purchase, arguing that the time for expansion was not ripe and that the pipe works used a kind of iron which the Union Iron Mills did not produce. The pipe works turned out to be a white elephant, but they burned down shortly thereafter (saving the firm from further losses). The Lucy Furnace and Thomson Works
Thomas Carnegie played a critical role in the expansion of the Carnegie Bros. & Co. company into the production of pig iron. Iron ore was usually smelted into pig iron first, a brittle but refined product (often cast in ingots) which was usually sold to other companies and turned into wrought iron or steel. Several investors in the Union Iron Mills wished to invest in companies producing pig iron, but William Coleman advised against it and advocated building a wholly owned modern furnace under the company's control. A division of the Union Iron Mills (named the Isabella Furnace Company) was organized on December 1, 1870, and the company's first blast furnace (named the "Lucy furnace" after <mask>' wife) was constructed on 51st Street in Pittsburgh.Most of the investors who joined the Isabella Furnace Company were <mask>' friends, not Andrew's. <mask> supervised the operation of the Lucy furnace, and he was almost alone in contributing to its business success. The Lucy furnace was enormous— high with a  bosh (the widest part of the furnace and the hottest due to its proximity to the hearth)—and was producing a record-shattering  a day by 1872. A second Lucy furnace was built in 1877. In 1881, a two-thirds share in the company was

masks:
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts: sold to Wilson, Walker & Co. and James R. Wilson relieved <mask> and John Phipps of their duties overseeing the operation of the furnaces. <mask>'s experience in running the Lucy furnaces led him to co-found the Edgar Thomson Steel Works. In early 1871, William Coleman became interested in the new Bessemer process steel-making furnaces, and he traveled throughout Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania to view these new works.Coleman invited <mask> to join him in building the new steel works, and together they purchased  of land about  east of Pittsburgh known as Braddock's Field (a historic battlefield where French and Indian forces from Fort Duquesne defeated British General Edward Braddock on July 5, 1755, in the Battle of the Monongahela). (<mask> borrowed the money for his investment from his brother.) Coleman and <mask> lived near one another in Homewood and went to work together on the streetcar, and it was during these daily commutes that the men worked on their plans for the new steel works. Although <mask> asked Andrew to invest in the new mill, Andrew refused (considering it too risky a venture). <mask> then prevailed upon <mask>, a wealthy Pittsburgh merchant and vice president of the Exchange National Bank. <mask> agreed, and brought in William P. Shinn (who would, 11 years later, be awarded the Norman Medal, the top award for civil engineering, in 1883) as treasurer. In the spring of 1872, <mask> (while on a bond-selling trip) made a survey of Bessemer steel works in Europe and returned to the U.S. highly enthusiastic about the new project.Andrew subsequently invested $250,000 in the works. Meanwhile, Coleman,

masks:
Thomas Carnegie
Thomas Carnegie
Thomas Carnegie
Thomas
Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
David McCandless
McCandless
Andrew Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 McCandless, Scott, and <mask> had purchased a newly platted tract in Pittsburgh, subdivided it, and sold the lots at a significant profit. The partners then invested $50,000 each in the steel mill. A new company, Carnegie, McCandless & Co., was formed on January 13, 1873, to build the works. <mask> was on vacation with Andrew and their mother at the upscale resort town of Cresson Springs in September 1873 when they learned of the failure of the investment bank of Jay Cooke & Company, which precipitated the Panic of 1873. The Panic created financial difficulties for the company, and it floated bonds to stay alive. J. Edgar Thomson, president of the Pennsylvania Railroad and a mentor and close friend to many of the partners, bought many of these bonds in late 1873, helping keep the firm afloat.The partners dissolved Carnegie, McCandless & Co. to take advantage of a new Pennsylvania law permitting the formation of limited liability companies, and the Edgar Thomson Steel Company Ltd. was created on October 12, 1874. The company took its name from J. Edgar Thomson, who although not a large investor in the works had a superb reputation as an honest and trustworthy person (an important asset in risky financial times). Over the next several years, <mask> generally oversaw the Edgar Thomson Steel Company. His success in this endeavor was summed up by a corporate historian this way:
Mr. T.M<mask>'s abilities were too numerous and complex to be summed up in a sentence. He was a man of sterling integrity; and it was a common saying in Pittsburg that his word was better than some men's bond. He had remarkable judgment; and his opinion on

masks:
Thomas Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas Carnegie
. Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts: commercial questions was valued above that of much older and more experienced men.Quick and keen in his perceptions, cautious but progressive in his ideas, faithful to his engagements, and just in all his dealings, he gave to his company that which corporations are habitually lacking, namely, a conscience. Other historical assessments conclude <mask> had a solid grasp of the steel business and was a respected manager, even if Andrew considered him overly cautious. William Abbott, chairman of Carnegie, Phipps, & Co., considered <mask> the better businessman than Andrew, "solid, shrewd, farseeing, absolutely honest and dependable." <mask> lacked Andrew's ambition, but "was content with a good, prosperous, safe business and cared nothing for expansion. He disapproved of Andrew's skyrocketing tendencies, regarded him as a plunger and a dangerous leader. Tom wanted earnings in the shape of dividends, whereas Andrew insisted on using them for expansion." Although he shied away from publicity, he was a hard worker and well liked by both management and workers.His one flaw was his drinking: He often left work at noon and drank heavily for the rest of the day. Crony capitalism was an important part of American industrialism during this period. <mask>, however, was not very adept at it. There is conflicting evidence as to whether he mixed widely in Pittsburgh society, with at least one scholar claiming he did and another that he did not. He was reserved at social gatherings, using his attendance at parties to pick up business gossip and industry buzz. He played cards on a weekly basis with Henry Clay Frick, Philander Knox, Andrew and


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts: <mask>, and George Westinghouse. His closest friend was David A. Stewart, a co-partner in the Thomson works, and Stewart readily defended <mask> against the criticisms and jibes of others (particularly <mask>).<mask> sold half his interest in Edgar Thomson Steel to his older brother in 1876 after disagreement broke out over whether to build another "Lucy furnace." <mask>, however, held no position on the Thomson board of directors, a situation <mask> wanted rectified the moment a position on the board became available. This occurred in the summer of 1876, but William P. Shinn (the second-largest stockholder in the company) complained bitterly to Andrew (traveling in Europe) that the seat should have gone to him. Nonetheless, <mask> was not only added to the board but made chairman upon <mask>'s return to the U.S. a few months later. Shinn eventually had enough, and resigned as manager of the Thomson steel works in September 1879. <mask> replaced Shinn as manager. <mask> decided to stop relying solely on his company's own furnaces for coke, and began seeking to buy the fuel on the open market.<mask> and Henry Phipps had alerted Andrew to the need for a greater and steadier supply for coke for the growing steel works. In 1881, Andrew sent <mask> to meet with Henry Clay Frick, owner of H.C. Frick & Co.—the largest coke producing company in the U.S. Thomas' goal was to induce Frick to buy the Carnegie coke ovens. In November 1881, <mask> proposed selling the Monastery Coke Works near Latrobe, Pennsylvania, to Frick, or at least have Frick take over the marketing and selling of the coke produced there. <mask>' offer came as Frick

masks:
Richard Mellon
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts: was planning his wedding, and it fell to Andrew to meet with Frick and his new bride as they honeymooned in New York City. By this time, <mask> had negotiated most of an agreement with Frick, as well as planned the meeting with Andrew. <mask> took a 10 percent interest in H.C. Frick & Co., Frick took a 50 percent interest in the Monastery coke works, and H.C. Frick & Co. would become the exclusive supplier of coke to Carnegie Bros. & Co. and the Edgar Thomson Steel Works. <mask> was assigned to negotiate the price of coke on an annual basis with Frick, and over the next two years H.C. Frick & Co. made a 23 percent profit on the coke sold.By 1885, Andrew Carnegie had purchased enough stock in H.C. Frick & Co. to own 50 percent of the company. Frick now attempted to buy into the Carnegie steel companies by selling 12 of the remaining 16 percent of the H.C. Frick which he still owned, but <mask> warned him not to try and to instead seek a position as a manager within the company. <mask> also played a key role in the consolidation of Andrew's businesses. <mask> had become more involved with the management of Edgar Thomson Steel and less with the Isabella Furnace and Union Iron companies. It was <mask> who suggested to Andrew that the companies be consolidated into a single firm, and that <mask>' stake in the new firm be raised commensurate with his managerial role. His older brother agreed. On April 1, 1888, <mask> reorganized his iron and steel businesses into one company, Carnegie Bros. & Co., with <mask> holding 17 percent of the stock.Included in the reorganization were the Lucy and Isabella furnaces, Union Iron Mills, and

masks:
Thomas
Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 Homestead works. Dungeness

In 1880, with seven children at Fairfield and the city of Pittsburgh becoming increasingly hazardous to health due to its burgeoning industry, <mask> and Lucy began seeking a summer home along the southern East Coast for their family. The previous year, the <mask>s had met reporter Frederick Ober while on vacation in Fernandina Beach, Florida. Ober told them about an island plantation he was writing an article about. In 1880, Lippincott's Monthly Magazine published an article by Ober about Dungeness, a plantation on the barrier island of Cumberland Island on the southern Atlantic coast of the state of Georgia. Although it had suffered an extensive fire in 1866 and was uninhabitable, the mansion had a storied past. The article drew the attention of <mask> (who had attended boarding school as a girl in nearby Fernandina), and the <mask>s decided the place would be an ideal summer home.The mansion's owner was ex-Confederate General William George <mask> Davis, a first cousin of Confederate President Jefferson Davis who bought the plantation from its creditors in 1879. <mask> offered to buy Dungeness on August 25, 1880, for $25,000 but his offer was rejected. But after the death of Gen. Davis' son and grandson at the property, Davis desired to leave the place which had brought him such grief and <mask> offered and Davis accepted a price of $35,000. The sale for the  property (which included orange and olive groves, gardens, several cottages, and outbuildings) was final on November 17, 1881. Over the next four months, the burned-out mansion was demolished and noted Pittsburgh architect Andrew Peebles

masks:
Thomas
Carnegie
Lucy Carnegie
Carnegie
MacKay
Carnegie
Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 designed a massive Queen Anne Style mansion with wraparound verandas, high ceilings, several porches, many turrets, and a  high tower. In April 1882, <mask> and his cousin, Leander <mask>, jointly purchased an adjoining  property. The cornerstone for the new Dungeness was laid on February 26, 1884, and the $285,000,  mansion (fully furnished) completed on January 1, 1885.There was even a landing for <mask>'s steam-powered yacht, the Missoe. The <mask>s visited Dungeness irregularly over the next year, traveling to Georgia in a private railroad car. With the purchase of his Cumberland Island estate, <mask> resolved to retire from business and spend more time in Georgia. The stress of working for his brother had left him exhausted. Social life
Both Andrew and <mask> had been members of the South Fork Fishing and Hunting Club, a highly exclusive wealthy businessman's club which operated a mountaintop retreat overlooking Lake Conemaugh, one of the largest man-made lakes of the day. Lake Conemaugh was formed by the construction of the South Fork Dam in 1853, but had been drained and abandoned prior to its purchase by the South Fork organization. The club, which formed in 1879, restored the South Fork Dam and refilled the reservoir.Andrew and <mask> built a cottage near the clubhouse, and often stayed there. The South Fork Dam failed on May 31, 1889, resulting in the disastrous Johnstown Flood. Personal life
In June 1866, <mask> married Lucy Ackerman Coleman (1847–1916), the daughter of Pittsburgh iron manufacturing magnate William Coleman. Their marriage was followed by a honeymoon around Europe. They had been courting since

masks:
Carnegie
Morris
Thomas Carnegie
Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas Carnegie
Thomas
Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 1864. By 1881, the couple had nine children, including:

 William Coleman <mask> (1867–1944), a sportsman and traveler. Never married, no issue
 <mask> <mask> (1868–1917)
Never married, no issue
 <mask> II (1870–1947), who married Bertha Sherlock (1863–1943).They had three children including <mask> Rockefeller who married James Stillman Rockefeller
 <mask> <mask> (1872–1927), who married Oliver Garrison Ricketson (1864–1943). <mask> <mask>, Jr. (1874–1944), who married Virginia Beggs (1878–1952)
 George Lauder <mask> (1876–1921), who married <mask> Thaw (1877–1942), the daughter of William Thaw and <mask> Copley. No issue
 Florence Nightingale <mask> (1879–1962), who married Frederick Curtis Perkins (1870–1935). <mask> (1880–1911), who died of pneumonia at age 31. Never married, no issue
 Nancy Trovillo <mask> (1881–1954), who married <mask>' coachman, George Hever. The children were tutored at home, although they also attended a private school for a portion of the day. In 1867, Andrew moved to New York City, giving "Fairfield" to <mask>, Lucy, and his mother <mask>.<mask> moved to New York City to live with her older son in 1870. Death
In late September 1886, <mask> fell ill with what he believed to be a cold. He was sick off and on for the next several weeks. On October 16, he left work thinking he was suffering from yet another cold, but died of pneumonia just three days later. His wife and all of his children except <mask> (who was attending a boarding school in New York) were at his bedside when he died. For most of his life, <mask> had been a member of the Swedenborgian Church. His funeral, however, was conducted by an

masks:
Carnegie
Frank Morrison
Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
Nancy Carnegie
Margaret Coleman
Carnegie
Thomas Morrison
Carnegie
Carnegie
Margaret Copley
Mary Sibbet
Carnegie
Coleman Carnegie
Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Margaret
Margaret
Thomas Carnegie
Margaret
Thomas


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 Episcopalian, and <mask> was buried on October 21, 1886, in Allegheny Cemetery in Pittsburgh.His mother, also quite ill for some time, died on November 10 (never learning of her younger son's death). <mask>' death was a serious blow to <mask>'s financial interests. <mask> had run most of Andrew's enterprises, and to fill his role <mask> turned to Henry Clay Frick as his replacement. Frick later played a critical role in the Homestead Strike and in brokering the deal between <mask> and J. P. Morgan that created U.S. Steel. Some time before Lucy Coleman <mask> died in January 1916, <mask>'s body was disinterred and reburied at the Carnegie family cemetery on Cumberland Island. Although the cemetery is still maintained by the <mask> family, it is located on land which is now part of the Cumberland Island National Seashore. Estate
<mask>' will named Lucy his sole executrix and legatee.The will asked (but did not require) her to seek the advice of her brother-in-law Andrew and her father (who had already died eight years earlier, in 1878) in disposing of <mask>' business interests. Although Andrew advised her to sell out to him, she refused and retained ownership in businesses which led to rapid rises in her personal wealth over the next several decades. Footnotes

Bibliography
"<mask>." In Encyclopedia Americana. New York: Americana Corp., 1966. Barefoot, Patricia. Cumberland Island.Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia, 2004. Boardman, Jr., Fon W. America and the Robber Barons, 1865 to 1913. New York: Walck, 1979. Bridge, James Howard. The Inside History of the Carnegie Steel Company: A Romance of Millions. New York: The Aldine Book

masks:
Carnegie
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie
Carnegie
Thomas Carnegie
Carnegie
Thomas
Thomas
Andrew Carnegie


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts: Company, 1903. Bullard, <mask>.Cumberland Island: A History. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2005. Burlingame, Dwight F. The Responsibilities of Wealth. Bloomington, Ind. : Indiana University Press, 1992. <mask>, Andrew. The Gospel of Wealth, and Other Timely Essays.Cambridge, Mass. : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1962. "<mask>, Andrew." In Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography. Rev. ed. James Grant Wilson and John Fiske, eds.New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1887. Derbyshire, Wyn. Six Tycoons: The Lives of John Jacob Astor, Cornelius Vanderbilt, <mask>, John D. Rockefeller, Henry Ford and Joseph P. Kennedy. London: Spiramus Press, 2008. Dilsaver, Lary M. Cumberland Island National Seashore: A History of Conservation Conflict. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Press, 2004. "Mrs. <mask> Dead."New York Times. November 11, 1886. Nasaw, David. <mask>. New York: Penguin Press, 2006. "<mask><mask>'s Funeral." New York Times.October 31, 1886. Seabrook, Charles. Cumberland Island: Strong Women, Wild Horses. Winston-Salem, N.C.: J.F. Blair, 2004. Skrabec, Quentin R. The World's Richest Neighborhood: How Pittsburgh's East Enders Forged American Industry. New York: Algora Publishing, 2010.Standiford, Les. Meet You in Hell: <mask>, Henry Clay Frick, and the Bitter Partnership That Transformed America. New York: Crown Publishers, 2005. Swank, <mask>. History of the Manufacture of Iron in All Ages. Philadelphia: American Iron and Steel Association, 1892. Tedlow, Richard S. Giants of Enterprise: Seven Business Innovators and the Empires They Built.New York: HarperBusiness, 2001. Warren, Kenneth.

masks:
Mary Ricketson
Carnegie
Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
Thomas M
. Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie
James Moore


title: Thomas M. Carnegie

texts:
 Triumphant Capitalism: Henry Clay Frick and the Industrial Transformation of America. Reprint ed. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2000. External links

1843 births
1886 deaths
<mask>
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh
People from Dunfermline
Lauder Greenway Family
Scottish emigrants to the United States
People from Cumberland Island
Burials at Allegheny Cemetery
Deaths from pneumonia in Pennsylvania
<mask> family
19th-century Scottish

masks:
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie


title: Aljaž Bedene

texts:
<mask> (born 18 July 1989) is a Slovenian professional tennis player. He was a naturalised Briton and played with this nationality from 2015 to 2017, returning to represent Slovenia in 2018. <mask> has won five Futures and 14 Challenger singles titles. In doubles he has won one Challenger title and two Futures titles. His highest ranking is No. 43 in singles (achieved on 19 February 2018) and No. 127 in doubles (achieved on 7 October 2013).<mask> represented Slovenia when he turned pro in 2008. On 31 March 2015, he was granted UK citizenship and represented Great Britain, but the International Tennis Federation has rejected his application to represent Great Britain in the Davis Cup as he had previously played three dead rubbers for Slovenia. After his appeals failed, <mask> switched his representation back to his birth country of Slovenia for the 2018 season. Early and personal life
<mask>'s father, Branko, is a dental industry worker and his mother, Darlen, works for the Ministry of Defence. <mask> and his younger twin brother, Andraž used to compete for Slovenia's top tennis honours. The two met regularly in competition finals. His nickname is Ali or Benke, and he speaks English, Slovene and Serbian.Andraž <mask> is a former ATP tour player. In 2008, <mask> made the decision to pursue his tennis career in the UK because he felt it was stagnating under the limitations he encountered in Slovenia. He ended a seven-year wait to become a British citizen on 31 March 2015 and became British no. 2 behind Andy Murray. <mask> has lived in Welwyn Garden City since 2008 with his girlfriend, pop star Kimalie, formerly part of the Slovenian group Foxy Teens. <mask> is based at the Global Tennis Connections Academy in Gosling. Career

2011
Not counting the Davis Cup competition, he competed in his first ATP tournament at Erste Bank Open in Vienna, Austria.He reached the second round where he lost in three sets against Tommy Haas. 2012
<mask> made his first ATP quarterfinal

masks:
Aljaž Bedene
Bedene
Bedene
Bedene
Bedene
Aljaž
Bedene
Aljaž
Aljaž
Bedene
Bedene


title: Aljaž Bedene

texts:
 appearance at the Erste Bank Open. In the quarterfinal he played against no. 2 seed Janko Tipsarević and lost after retiring in the second set. 2013
<mask> made his first ATP semifinal appearance at the Aircel Chennai Open defeating the no. 6 seed Robin Haase in the second round and the no. 4 seed Stanislas Wawrinka in the quarterfinals.In the semifinal, he lost against no. 2 seed Janko Tipsarević. At the Australian Open he played in his first Grand Slam tournament. He lost in the first round. 2014
On 9 May, it was announced that <mask> had applied for a British passport, with legal support from the Lawn Tennis Association. 2015
Starting the year in 2015 Aircel Chennai Open, <mask> reached the finals by defeating Lukáš Lacko, Feliciano López, Guillermo García López, and Roberto Bautista Agut in three sets. He lost the final to Stan Wawrinka in straight sets.On 26 March, <mask>, the world no 83, was granted UK citizenship. <mask> said he planned to appeal against a new rule which prevents players from representing more than one country in Davis Cup. <mask> played three dead rubbers for Slovenia in Davis Cup action in 2010, 2011 and 2012. On 30 May, the International Tennis Federation announced that <mask> would not be allowed to represent Great Britain in the Davis Cup in response to the Lawn Tennis Association who had appealed against a rule brought in on 1 January, forbidding players from representing two nations in the competition. <mask>'s case had been based on his passport application being submitted before the new regulation was implemented. On 17 November, <mask> and representatives from the Lawn Tennis Association flew to Prague to appeal for the right of <mask> to play Davis Cup for Great Britain. However, the Lawn Tennis Association did not submit a 70-page summary of its support for the player until just before the meeting.The International Tennis Federation said the hearing of the appeal would be adjourned until the next board meeting on 20–21 March

masks: Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene


title: Aljaž Bedene

texts:
 2016, so it could consider the document. 2016
The International Tennis Federation, which was meeting in Moldova on 20 March, considered <mask>'s appeal to represent Great Britain in Davis Cup. The International Tennis Federation decided that <mask> was not eligible to represent Great Britain in Davis Cup or the Olympics. <mask> decided to consider seeking a ruling from the Court of Arbitration for Sport. In March, he split from his coach James Davidson, and Davis Cup captain Leon Smith supervised him at the French Open. <mask> progressed to the third round of a Grand Slam for the first time, where he was beaten by Novak Djokovic. 2017
In March, <mask> won the Irving Tennis Classic, defeating Mikhail Kukushkin in the final in three sets, before going on in April to win the 2017 Verrazzano Open defeating Benoît Paire in two sets in the final and then the 2017 Open Città della Disfida defeating Gastão Elias, also in two sets.Also in April, <mask> reached the Gazprom Hungarian Open final, where he lost to Lucas Pouille in two sets. 2018
In January 2018 <mask> began representing his birth nation of Slovenia again. <mask> reached the finals of the Argentina Open in February, defeating Jiří Veselý, Albert Ramos Viñolas, Diego Schwartzman, and Federico Delbonis before losing to Dominic Thiem. 2021
<mask> started his 2021 season at the first edition of the Great Ocean Road Open. Seeded 13th, he reached the third round and lost to fourth seed and eventual champion, Jannik Sinner. At the Australian Open, he was defeated in the first round by Alexander Bublik. In Montpellier, <mask> upset fifth seed Jannik Sinner in the first round.He was eliminated in the second round by Egor Gerasimov. At the Dubai Championships, he was beaten in the third round by Kei Nishikori. He lost in the second round of the Miami Open to 28th seed Kei Nishikori. Starting his clay-court season at the Sardegna Open, <mask> made it to the quarterfinals where he fell to second seed Taylor Fritz. In

masks: Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene


title: Aljaž Bedene

texts:
 Belgrade, he beat rising American star Sebastian Korda in the first round in three sets. He was defeated in the second round by third seed and eventual finalist, Aslan Karatsev; <mask> had match point at 6–5 in the third set but failed to convert. At the Italian Open, he was eliminated in the final round of qualifying by Hugo Dellien.However, due to the withdrawal of Casper Ruud, <mask> received entry into the main draw as a lucky loser. He was beaten in the first round by Jan-Lennard Struff. After Rome, he competed at the Lyon Open. He upset fourth seed David Goffin in the second round. He lost in the quarterfinals to Italian rising star Lorenzo Musetti. Seeded seventh at the first edition of the Emilia-Romagna Open in Parma, he was defeated in the second round by Italian wildcard and eventual finalist, Marco Cecchinato. Ranked 56 at the French Open, he lost in the second round to 10th seed Diego Schwartzman.Starting his grass-court season at the Queen's Club Championships, <mask> was defeated in the first round by American Frances Tiafoe. In Eastbourne, he was eliminated in the first round by Márton Fucsovics in three sets. Ranked 64 at Wimbledon, he reached the third round where he was beaten by seventh seed and eventual finalist, Matteo Berrettini. Seeded fifth at the Croatia Open, <mask> lost in the first round to Marco Cecchinato. Performance timelines

Singles
Current through the 2021 Croatia Open Umag. Doubles
Current through the 2021 French Open. ATP career finals

Singles: 4 (4 runner-ups)

Challenger and Futures Finals

Singles: 27 (21–6)

Doubles: 7 (3–4)

Wins over top 10 players

Davis Cup

Singles performances (8–1)

Doubles performances (1–2)

References

External links

Slovenian male tennis players
British male tennis players
Living people
1989 births
Sportspeople from Ljubljana
Twin people from Slovenia
Twin sportspeople
Slovenian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Tennis people from Greater London
Naturalised citizens of the United

masks: Bedene Bedene Bedene Bedene


title: Austin Dowling

texts:
<mask> (April 6, 1868 – November 29, 1930) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church who served as the first bishop of the Diocese of Des Moines and the second Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born in New York City on April 6, 1868, to Daniel and Mary Teresa (née Santry) <mask>. On April 19 was baptized, and given his Christian name <mask>. Not long after, his family moved to Newport, Rhode Island. At Newport, he was a student at the Academy of the Sisters of Mercy. <mask> attended Manhattan College in New York City, and graduated with his A.B. degree with high honors in 1887.<mask> made his theological studies at St. John's Seminary in Brighton, Massachusetts. Ordination and ministry
<mask> was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood on June 24, 1891, for the Diocese of Providence. Afterwards, he worked on his graduate studies in theology and church history at the Catholic University. After serving as a pastor in Warren, Rhode Island, for a year, <mask> went to the Brighton Seminary where, for two and a half years he taught Church History. History was always a passion of Dowling. Marvin O'Connell stated that he was "a man who was by taste, habit and profession an historian; he could not set about finding solutions to problems facing him until he examined those problems in the light of the past." Even his sermons as Bishop of Des Moines and as Archbishop of St. Paul were mainly of an historical character.He was one of the first to welcome the creation of the Catholic Historical Review, and one of the first life members of the American Catholic Historical Association. He also contributed articles to the Catholic Encyclopedia. Later, in 1896, <mask> spent two years as editor of the Providence Visitor, and became one of the better known Catholic editors in the United States. Afterwards, he was assistant at

masks:
Daniel Austin Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Daniel Austin
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling
Dowling


title: Austin Dowling

texts:
 St. Joseph's, Providence, then pastor of St. Mary's, Warren and then rector of the Providence Cathedral. Bishop of Des Moines, Iowa
In 1912, the Holy See appointed <mask> as the bishop of the Diocese of Des Moines, Iowa. His peers saw the action as recognition of his talents, while Dowling felt as if he were being sent into "exile" in the West. Dowling had a fine intellect and excellent organizational skills.As Bishop of Des Moines, <mask> was appreciated for his courage, simplicity, kindness, and especially his commitment to education. In 1918, Des Moines Catholic College was founded by <mask>; it later became Dowling Catholic High School. Archbishop of Saint Paul
On January 31, 1919, <mask> was appointed to be Archbishop of Saint Paul, Minnesota. In his address at his installation on March 25, 1919, Dowling described himself as "the unknown, the unexpected, [and] the undistinguished successor of the great Archbishop Ireland." In the decade that followed, Dowling had many accomplishments, including: The establishment of the Archbishop Ireland's Education Fund; the improvement of St. Paul Seminary; and being on the board of Education of the Catholic National Welfare Conference (now known as the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops or USCCB). He was known for his contributions to education and love of Church history. Later years
During the last years of his life Archbishop <mask>'s health was seriously impaired because his heart was not functioning normally, and the resultant circulatory disorders gave rise to complications that were life-threatening on several occasions.During the summer of 1929 he collapsed while on a confirmation tour and a critical illness resulted. For a time he recovered to the point that he was able to walk on his own, but pneumonia developed. <mask> lapsed into unconsciousness four hours before his peaceful death in the late morning of Saturday, November 29, 1930, at his

masks: Dowling Dowling Dowling Dowling Dowling Dowling


title: Austin Dowling

texts:
 residence on Summit Avenue, directly across from the St. Paul Cathedral. Influence

The Church in America
In the first decade of the 20th century, immigration jumped from a low of 3.5 million in that decade to a high of 9 million due to the depression of the 1890s. "After 1914, immigration dropped off because of the war, and later because of immigration restrictions imposed in the 1920s." <mask> described the challenge for Catholics in the post-World War I era as follows:

The challenge for American Catholics during the 1920s was that immigrants came to America poor and disadvantaged and they associated the catholic religion with their old countries. As immigrants improved their quality of life and became more "American," culture and religion was lost and forgotten.<mask> summarized it best saying, "as they progress in wealth and station they frequently strive to hide their origins, to change their names and affect manners that do not belong to them. Even when they keep up the practice of their religion, they are frequently ashamed of it." <mask> argued that the solution would be to convince people that "foreignism" and Catholicism were not intimately linked. World War I provided opportunity for Catholics to prove their patriotism. The National Catholic War Council was established to coordinate programs for Chaplains and refugees, and develop ecumenical and interfaith relations. The council also fostered Catholic unity across the United States, leading to the postwar organization of the National Catholic Welfare Conference in 1919. Five departments were organized: Education, Social Work, Press and Literature, Lay Societies, and Home and Foreign Missions.<mask> was named treasurer and chairman of the Department of Education. He served in those positions for a decade until his condition of health required that he give up the duties. Presently, the Church operates the world's largest non-governmental school

masks: Dowling Dowling Dowling Dowling


title: Austin Dowling

texts:
 system. Archbishop Ireland Educational Fund

At the first anniversary requiem for his predecessor, <mask> commemorated Archbishop John Ireland's contributions to education and mandated the establishment the Archbishop Ireland Educational Fund. He said that the present needs for education were "to develop, coordinate and consolidate the education system to provide for greater efficiency." To accomplish this he announced a campaign to raise $5,000,000. After 5 years, in September 1925, 45,551 people had pledged a total of $4,392,872.50, but 21,898 had made no payments.Unpaid pledges amounted to $1700,000. Efforts were made to collect delinquent pledges, and before the end of the year the number was reduced, leaving 5,375 delinquent pledges in St. Paul; 6,303 in Minneapolis; and 9,042 in the country. The average individual pledge was around $100. The largest allocation of the fund was $1,280,000 for the "construction and partial endowment of the preparatory seminary known as Nazareth Hall." Other major allocations include: $200,000 to the endowment fund of the College of St. Catherine. $150,000 to St. Thomas College. The preparatory seminary was built on property on the shore of Lake Johanna, outside the corporate limits of the Twin Cities.Rearden describes Dowling's relationship with the school:

St. Paul Seminary

The establishment of Nazareth Hall had a large impact on the St. Paul Seminary. Thereafter, the majority of the students would be prepared in a cloistered environment, which <mask> believed was more appropriate than a college campus. Dowling believed that the priest of the future "should be armed before to overcome the temptations of the times," and that the best was to do that was to ground them on the firm foundation of interior life and school them in the practice of priestly virtues. Dowling also believed in the rigors of academic challenge, from his years at the Brighton college. To create

masks: Dowling Dowling


title: Austin Dowling

texts:
 the strong theological factory he desired, <mask> appointed Humphrey Moynihan as rector of the Saint Paul Seminary. Moynihan emphasized culture and refinement in his teaching. Dowling had a personal interest in the seminarians attending the school.It was said that the Archbishop had "a keen eye for every candidate for the priesthood." In fact, he knew many of the boys at Nazareth Hall as well as their teachers knew them. Many felt that his influence on their lives continued on after their leaving Saint Paul Seminary, to ordination and beyond. Nazareth Hall closed in 1970. The former Nazareth Hall building is now part of the Protestant evangelical University of Northwestern – St. Paul campus and is one of the university's two main administrative buildings. The building retains the name "Nazareth Hall." Much of its original Catholic architecture remains intact, including the main chapel and the Stations of the Cross.Though Northwestern espouses Protestant theology and the student body is overwhelmingly Protestant, the school accepts Catholic student applications, and there is a very small minority of Catholic students on campus. See also

 Catholic Church hierarchy
 Catholic Church in the United States
 Historical list of the Catholic bishops of the United States
 History of Saint Paul, Minnesota
 List of Catholic bishops of the United States
 Lists of patriarchs, archbishops, and bishops

References

External links
Official site of the Holy See

Episcopal succession

1868 births
1930 deaths
American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
Religious leaders from Rhode Island
Saint John's Seminary (Massachusetts) alumni
Catholic University of America alumni
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States
Clergy from New York City
Manhattan College alumni
Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence
Roman Catholic bishops of Des Moines
Roman Catholic archbishops of Saint Paul
Contributors to the Catholic


title: Rienzi Crusz

texts:
<mask> (17 October 1925 - 8 September 2017) was a Canadian poet. Born in Galle, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Crusz immigrated to Toronto, Canada in 1965 and soon after began publishing poetry. Though his poetry deals with a wide variety of human experience, Crusz is best known for his poetry that illuminates his experience of immigration, migrancy and the alienation of exile. Early life
As a young child <mask>'s family moved to Colombo, where he attended high school at St. Joseph's and St. Peter's colleges. Crusz's education was in English, and he was exposed to much of the canon of Western literature including Shakespeare, Milton, and Dylan Thomas (to whom he is sometimes compared), which would later influence his writing. Nonetheless, his poetry cites Sri Lanka as a place of memory and longing, Buddhism in "Karma" and other poems, the sounds of the rabana drum and classical Sri Lankan dance, though as he said in a 2014 interview that his work is "not a travel book". His Catholic upbringing would also heavily influence his poetry especially "Gambolling with the Divine".Education and employment
Crusz received a Bachelor of Arts in history at the University of Colombo in 1948. In 1951 Crusz went to England to study library science at the School of Librarianship and Archives at the University of London as a Colombo Plan Scholar. After returning from England <mask> worked at the Central Bank of Ceylon as chief reference librarian until immigrating to Canada in 1965. Crusz earned a Bachelor of Library Science at the University of Toronto after his arrival, and then attained a Master of Arts in History at the University of Waterloo. He remained at the University of

masks:
Rienzi Crusz
Crusz
Crusz


title: Rienzi Crusz

texts:
 Waterloo until 1993 as a senior reference and collections development librarian. His library work greatly influenced his non-fiction publications. Early literary work

Crusz began his literary career as a storyteller for his three children.In Sri Lanka he wrote "Bumpis, the magic Elephant" which portrays Canada as a haven. Chelva Kanaganayakam describes this early story as "prophetic", as it foreshadows his later experience of immigration and exile. After his arrival in Canada, Crusz was encouraged to continue writing by Irving Layton, then published his first poems in several literary magazines and journals such as The Fiddlehead, The Malahat Review and Canadian Forum. Flesh and Thorn, put into print in 1974 with pen and ink drawings by Virgil Burnett, is Crusz's first published collection of poetry. Although much of Crusz's work has been described as autobiographic, it is Flesh and Thorn that most resounds with Crusz's personal life. Elephant and Ice, Crusz's second collection of poetry, was published in 1980 and reissued in a limited edition in 2005 of 500 numbered and signed copies. It has been most used to examine <mask>'s comparisons of Canada and Sri Lanka.Crusz's work is full of dualities, the most apparent being that of his "negotiation" of Canada and Sri Lanka and where he stands in relation to each country. Even the title of this book is binary, with Elephant standing for Sri Lanka and Ice for Canada. The critic Arun Mukherjee writes in the essay "Songs of an Immigrant" that Crusz's binaries show that he is divided in his loyalties and that he uses his Sri Lankan past to "scrutinize his life in Canada". As a post-colonial poet, Crusz questions


title: Rienzi Crusz

texts:
 Crusz is legitimate in his uses of the themes of immigration and alienation. Crusz's work appears in Sinhalese and English in Sri Lanka, in translation to French in "Ce qu'Ile dit" and in McGraw-Hill's "Constructing Meaning: Skills for Understanding Contemporary Texts".As a Sri Lankan writer in Canada, some would compare him with Michael Ondaatje. Further reading and archives
Kanaganayakam, Chelva. Dark Antonyms and Paradise: the Poetry of <mask> Crusz.Toronto: TSAR, 1997. TSAR Publications
Rienzi Crusz Archive at the University of Waterloo

Works

Poetry
Flesh and Thorn. Stratford, Ont. : Pasdeloup Press, 1974. Elephant and Ice.Erin, Ont. : Porcupine's Quill, 1980. Singing Against the Wind. Erin, Ont. : Porcupine's Quill, 1985. A Time For Loving. Toronto: TSAR, 1986.Still Close to the Raven. Toronto: TSAR, 1989. The Rain Doesn't Know Me Anymore. Toronto: TSAR, 1992. Beatitudes of Ice. Toronto: TSAR, 1995. Lord of the Mountain: The Sardiel Poems.Toronto: TSAR, 1999. Gambolling with the Divine. Toronto: TSAR, 2003. Love Where the Nights are Green. Stratford: Pasdeloup Press, 2007. Enough to be Mortal Now". Toronto, TSAR, 2009.Don't tell me that I'm not an elephant.Waterloo: Elvin Hill Publishing, 2012. "How to Dance in this Rarefied Air". Toronto: Mawenzi House (TSAR),2017

Non-fictionBusiness : a guide to select reference sources. Waterloo, Ont. : University of Waterloo Library, 1978.Ralph Nader: a bibliography, 1960–1982''. 2nd Edition. Waterloo, Ont.: University of Waterloo Library, 1982. "In Memoriam Michael Charles <mask>, Obit 9 August 1959. References

External links

Sri Lankan poets
People from Galle
1925 births
2017 deaths
Canadian people of Sri

masks: Rienzi Crusz


title: Jim Russell (cartoonist)

texts:
<mask> AM MBE (26 March 1909 – 15 August 2001) was an Australian cartoonist who drew The Potts for 62 years. <mask>'s brother <mask> was also a cartoonist. <mask> has entered the Guinness Book of Records for drawing the same comic strip singlehandedly without any assistance for a period of over 62 years, beating the record previously held by Frank Dickens' Bristow, which was in syndication for over 51 years, and Marc Sleen's The Adventures of Nero, which was in syndication for a period of 45 years. Biography
<mask> was born in Campsie, New South Wales, the son of William John "Billy<mask>, a foreman plumber with the Sydney City Council, the president of the New South Wales Plumbers' Union, the national secretary of the Australian Plumbers and Gasfitters Employees Union, and unsuccessful labour candidate for the seats of Parkes and Canterbury, who was killed in a workplace accident in 1915. His mother Catherine Elizabeth (née Diggs), remarried in 1926 and was one of the first two-woman members of an Australian Upper House of Parliament. <mask> was educated at Tempe Technical School and Christian Brothers' High School, Lewisham In 1924 at age 14 he began work as a copy boy on the Daily Guardian before transferring later that year to Smith's Weekly, working as an art room messenger boy to Stan Cross. <mask> also studied at the Julian Ashton Art School in Sydney, for six years, while working at various jobs, including a box office attendant at the Sydney Stadium.This led to a brief boxing career, which included winning all five bouts as a welterweight at the Sydney Stadium. During this time he improved his drawing, with sketches he made of notable boxers being published in various Sydney papers. In 1926 the head artist of Fox Films offered to tutor <mask> in the basics of art, for which he paid £100 and worked unpaid there for two years. <mask> became Australia's youngest political cartoonist, when in 1928 (at the age of nineteen) he got a job as cartoonist on the Sydney Sunday

masks:
James Newton Russell
Jim
Dan Russell
Russell
Russell
" Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell


title: Jim Russell (cartoonist)

texts: News until the paper folded in 1931. <mask> briefly went to the Referee as sports caricaturist until he rejoined Smith's Weekly and by 1933 was Australia's youngest daily cartoonist,  In 1939 he temporarily abandoned cartooning and accompanied the Australian Davis Cup team to the United States as a tennis writer. The team won the cup just as World War II broke out. <mask> tried to enlist in the Royal Australian Air Force, unsuccessfully.When Stan Cross left Smith's in 1940 <mask> succeeded him as art editor and also took over drawing Cross's comic strips, including You and Me, which he renamed Mr and Mrs Pott, and from 1950, The Potts. Through the war years <mask> was responsible for two satirical strips, Adolf, Herman and Musso (which made fun of Adolf Hitler, Hermann Göring and Benito Mussolini) and Schmit der Sphy. He won 1st prize in the Voluntary Services section in the National Gallery of Victoria's 1945 "Australia at War" exhibition. <mask> branched out into comic books during the 1940s when import restrictions gave Australian comics a lion's share of the market. At the beginning of 1947, <mask> and his older brother, Dan, began their own publishing company, All-Australian Comics. The lead title of the company was Tex Morton's Wild West Comics, starring the popular country music singer. Like many Australian comics of the time, it was a copy of American material, in this case, featuring cowboy actors such as Roy Rogers and Gene Autry.Tex Morton was always featured in a lead-off story along with his mates Jacky, Shorty and Slim, drawn by <mask>. For the first two years companion features were Keith Chatto's Bunny Allen, Les Dixon's Alfie the Jackaroo and a series of bush yarns by Jack Hemming. Early in 1949 they added another title, Kanga's K.O. Comics, with the lead strip drawn by <mask>, who used the pseudonym 'Mick Newton'. <mask> also used the pseudonym on a revised version of Wanda Dare in Tex Morton Comics (the earlier version of Wanda Dare, a lady reporter,

masks:
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Russell
Jim
Dan Russell
Russell
Russell


title: Jim Russell (cartoonist)

texts:
 having previously been drawn by Dan). In the middle of 1950 All-Australian Comics ran into financial difficulties due to rising production costs and the company folded by the end of the year. <mask> resigned from Smith's Weekly after a dispute with the new editor, and not long after, in October 1950, Smith's Weekly folded.By a complex financial arrangement, the Melbourne Herald had acquired copyright to The Potts, and he resumed drawing the strip in its new role as a daily

<mask> also wrote film reviews and other articles, was a radio and television personality, a publisher of dancing and music magazines and ran two travel agencies. In 1924 <mask> was one of the founders of the Black and White Artists' Club. He succeeded Cross as president in 1955–57, then again in 1965–73. He won the Club's first Silver Stanley in 1985 for his contribution to black and white art, was appointed its patron in 1984 and a life member in 1991. In 1993 he was elected a member of the United States National Cartoonists Society, the only Australian ever to receive this honour. <mask> married Lillian "Billie" Brann (d. 1995) in 1931; they had a daughter Judith Aileen. He died 15 August 2001.Recognition
In 1978 he was awarded the MBE, then later the AM. The Australian Cartoonist's Association Silver Stanley Award is now known as the <mask> Russell Award and is awarded to a cartoonist for services to the cartooning industry. <mask> was their longtime secretary (then known as the Black and White Artists' Club). References

External links
 ACE biographical portraits: the artists behind the comic book characters: the Australian comic book exhibition, Australian comics 1930s–1990s, touring Australia during 1995/96 / edited by Annette Shiell and Ingrid Unger (1994, )
 The Potts and Uncle Dick / by <mask>
 Vale – <mask>

1909 births
2001 deaths
Australian cartoonists
Australian comics artists
Members of the Order of Australia
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Julian Ashton Art School

masks:
Russell
Russell
Russell
Personal Russell
Jim
Russell
Jim Russell
Jim Russell


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
<mask> (30 August 1914 – 22 January 1999) was a British artist, known for his Gethsemane Chapel in the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral. He was active in the British desert camouflage unit in the Second World War, and was responsible for the dummy railhead at Misheifa and for the effective camouflage and large-scale military deception in the defence of Tobruk in 1942. Early life

<mask> was born in Formby, Lancashire. His father was a family doctor, A. B<mask> of Ashhurst, Formby. He went to the Oratory School in Caversham, Berkshire and studied stained glass design at the Royal College of Art. He won a travel scholarship to France and Italy in 1936 and on his return he joined Herbert Hendrie's stained glass studio in Edinburgh.<mask> married artist Jean Judd in February 1940. At his death in 1999, he left two sons and a daughter. World War II camouflage

<mask>'s RCA tutor, Barry Hart, who knew Freddie Beddington, founder of the Camouflage Development and Training Centre at Farnham Castle, suggested he become a camouflage officer. Richard Buckley, one of the Farnham lecturers, promptly recruited <mask> as an officer in the Royal Engineers. He was posted to France in March 1940 and evacuated from Dunkirk in May. Only then did he go on a camouflage training course at Farnham. <mask> had a difficult start to his next posting, in the Middle East.He was almost killed in a car accident on a steep road to the Horns of Hattin in Palestine. His car was fired on by a French warship as he drove to Sidon; he noticed tiny flashes blinking on the side of the ship, shortly

masks:
Steven Barry Sykes
Sykes
. Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
 followed by explosions on the road in front of him. He was violently sick on an aerial reconnaissance flight, and he became ill with malaria, ending up in hospital in Jerusalem. <mask> quickly realised that camouflage in the desert would need to use different techniques from what he had learnt at Farnham. He described how military units arrived in North Africa "with camouflage nets garnished in greens and browns suited to European landscapes and, as good disciplinarians, they had pegged them out stiffly over the pale sand round their halted vehicles". The head of the British Middle East Command Camouflage Directorate in Egypt, Geoffrey Barkas, described <mask> as "an excellent camouflage officer technically, and one who thinks about camouflage in terms of battle." Barkas made <mask> the British Army's first ever "Grade 2 Camouflage Staff Officer".Dummy railhead at Misheifa

<mask>'s first job as Camouflage Staff Officer was to camouflage the "enormous" 70-mile-long (110 km) railway line from the sea to the railhead at Misheifa, essential to bring up military materiel for Operation Crusader. On timidly entering his first staff meeting, the commander, Brigadier Robertson, memorably asked him, "Who the hell are you?". <mask> replied "Camouflage, sir". Robertson showed <mask> the plan for the railhead with depot, marshalling yard, sidings, sheds and facilities. "How are you going to hide this lot then? ", he asked. <mask> suggested a dummy railhead, and was astonished when the brigadier agreed.Later that same day, <mask> proposed a plan to build a 9-mile

masks: Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts: (14 km) dummy railway ending in a real-looking terminus complete with sidings and buildings. The dummy had two purposes: to divert aerial attacks from the real railhead, and to deceive the enemy into believing that the British attack would not begin until the dummy was completed. <mask> was determined not to make the mistake of the new units with easily spotted camouflage nets. He asked the Royal Air Force to fly him over the real railhead to see what a mock-up would have to resemble. His plan was to make it good enough to deceive an observer flying at  or higher, relying on the desert heat haze to make precise observation impossible. Materials were in short supply, so the available wood, just  of timber, was doubled by laboriously splitting it in half lengthways, by hand. Since <mask>'s calculations showed there would still not be enough material, he decided to scale the whole railway down to 2/3 of life size.The dummy railway wagons and other vehicles, including tanks, were built mainly from palm fronds, which were commonly woven into light hurdles in Egypt at that time. Some of the track was made from flimsy British 4-gallon petrol cans, hammered flat and then formed into shape over real steel rails. Then <mask> and the Camouflage Unit sat and waited for the dummy installation to be attacked. Barkas remarked "I think that camouflage men must be among the few otherwise sane beings who yearn to be bombed". Finally on 22 November 1941, amidst jokes about wooden bombs being dropped on wooden railways, about 9 real bombs were dropped. The camoufleurs

masks: Sykes Sykes Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
 over-excitedly let off all 11 flares to simulate fires and explosions caused by the bombing. A captured map showed the enemy had identified the dummy as a genuine railhead.<mask> had succeeded. Julian Trevelyan visited Egypt to report back to London on the techniques that the Camouflage Unit were developing. Trevelyan described <mask> as "the most intelligent and sympathetic camouflage officer that I have yet met out here". The Commander-in-Chief of the Eighth Army, Lieutenant General Neil Ritchie, sent <mask> a signal:

In February, after the retreat to Gazala, <mask> met the secretive Dudley Clarke, whom he described as "a very spruce, senior (and elderly) Staff Officer in an immaculate British camel-hair coat. There was an air of mystery about him." <mask> knew that Clarke "wielded deceptive powers via wireless messages and agents". Deception was moving from improvisation to strategic planning.Dummy port at Ras al Hilal

The army was keen to follow up on the success with the dummy railhead, and late in December 1941 <mask> was asked by Brigadier General Staff, John Whitely, how he could protect the ports of Derna, Tobruk and Benghazi from bombing. Stroud suggested building a dummy port apparently suitable for handling large amounts of military materiel including tanks. Again, the goal was to distract the enemy from the real ports and waste effort on attacking the dummy instead. The plan was approved and named "Operation Belsea". <mask> chose Ras al Hilal, at the northernmost point of Libyan Cyrenaica. This was where Benito Mussolini had intended to

masks: Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
 build a magnificent port to welcome Italian settlers to the colony. The dummy installations included oil storage tanks made of wood, thin steel tubing and hessian cloth.A partially destroyed tunnel was made to look as if it was fully restored, using a gigantic "painted cloth", a canvas painted with a perspective of a working tunnel. The harbour was populated with dummy ships and jetties. By 25 January 1942 the dummy port was ready, and <mask> threw a party to celebrate. While the party was in full swing, an order arrived: Belsea was cancelled, as Rommel was advancing on Benghazi. <mask> destroyed all the plans, and burned or blew up all the dummy installations. <mask> never got the chance to work on anything so large again. He missed out through illness and exhaustion on Operation Bertram, the major deception for the Second Battle of El Alamein: Barkas sent him by flying boat to Baghdad to recuperate, consoling him with promotion to General Staff Officer Grade 2.In Rick Stroud's view, <mask> had made an enormous contribution to British military camouflage. He had, writes Stroud, "helped change the notion that the desert was a hopeless place for camouflage, where the only thing to be done was to disperse vehicles. His deception schemes, especially the dummy railhead, had made the authorities realise that the rock and sand of the desert wasteland was a theatre where the enemy could be deceived by the substitution of the real for the false and vice versa". These ideas were put to the test by Barkas in Operation Bertram. D-Day camouflage

In the D-Day

masks: Sykes Sykes Sykes Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
 landings of June 1944, <mask> camouflaged snipers and made screens to block enemy sight lines, just as he had done at Tobruk. The violent scenes made an impression on him which he sought to recreate in paintings and drawings. Artistic career

<mask> is regarded as a significant 20th century artist and his work is cited in the listings of many important and highly regarded buildings by Historic England.The Twentieth Century Society has called him a "nationally significant artist", such that his former home is now a non-designated historic asset and there have been calls for it to be listed. <mask> contributed artwork to many churches in the UK and had an association with architects such as Basil Spence and Gerard Goalen. <mask> worked with Spence on Coventry Cathedral, while Goalen commissioned works from <mask> in churches he was reordering or designing. <mask>' career as an artist began when his wife Jean taught him pottery. He became an expert in making relief tiles and Picasso-like vases. He showed these at the 1951 Festival of Britain. <mask> taught at the Chelsea School of Art from 1946 to 1979.In 1947 he created a series of neo-Romantic landscape paintings and drawings. He wanted to become known as a war artist, and while he produced a sequence on the D-Day landings, these may have been created after the war. His war art finally came to public notice in 1984 through a Sunday Times magazine feature on his D-Day watercolours. These were included in his 1990 book about his wartime exploits Deceptive Ever: The memoirs of a camouflage officer.

masks:
Sykes
Steven Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
 Meanwhile, in 1989, the New York art dealer Guillaume Gallozzi included <mask> as a "discovery" in an exhibition of British war artists; a similar exhibition took place in 1990, in cooperation with the British Council USA, at the National Museum of the United States Navy in Washington DC. In 1992 Gallozzi mounted a group and a solo exhibition for <mask>. Coventry Cathedral

One of <mask>'s best-known work is the Gethsemane Chapel mosaic in The Cathedral of St Michael, Coventry.<mask> was invited to contribute to the cathedral by its architect, Basil Spence, who had himself also been a camouflage officer during the war. The figure of the "consciously Byzantine" angel, St Michael, and Jesus's disciples asleep at Gethsemane are modelled like his pottery figures in reverse relief, but then cast in concrete. The background is covered in gold leaf and blue tesserae, forming a mosaic. According to Tanya Harrod in The Independent, "The result was dazzling." Our Lady Lillington

<mask> produced mosaic work for the Grade II listed Our Lady of Lillington, Royal Leamington Spa, with his work being part of the reason for the church's listing. Historic England describes <mask>' contribution as: "a glass mosaic designed and executed by <mask>, who had created mosaic work at Basil Spence's Coventry Cathedral; it consists of the Chi-Rho symbol above an Alpha and Omega motif". St Gregory, South Ruislip

In 1965 <mask> co-operated with the architect Gerard Goalen on the re-ordering of Grade II St Gregory the Great in South Ruislip, for which he produced a lintel

masks:
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Steven Sykes
Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
 sculpture.The scholar of architecture Robert Proctor says: "Goalen commissioned <mask> to make a bold sculptural lintel in bronze over the entrance." Proctor goes on to comment that Patrick Reyntiens, who made the stained glass at St Gregory, and Ralph Beyer who carved inscriptions had both worked with <mask> at Coventry. In its listing of this church, Historic England says: "reflective of a culture of sacred art within the Catholic Church, and Goalen’s interest in the use of contemporary art in combination with architecture, St Gregory’s contains several notable works of art by a number of highly regarded C20 artists, including Patrick Reyntiens, <mask>, Dom Charles Norris and Willi Soukup". British Pavilion

Basil Spence, who <mask> worked with on Coventry Cathedral, later invited <mask> to design the fountain sculpture for the British Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal. War Memorial Chapel, National Cathedral, Washington DC

The chapel honours people who have served in the US military. Above the altar is an artwork called "The Suffering Christ" which was designed and executed by <mask>. The torn sheets of brass in the halo simulate brass cannon shells.The spikes inside the halo are cast aluminium-coloured to remind the viewer of barbed wire. The copper rays of light in the halo look like bayonets. Phoenix School, Tower Hamlets

This Grade II* listed special school by Farquaharson and McMorran (1951–52) in Tower Hamlets includes four reliefs by <mask> which are noted in its listing. Other works

In 1968, <mask> produced a large metal sculpture of Christ

masks:
Sykes
Sykes
Stephen Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes
Sykes


title: Steven Sykes (artist)

texts:
 (Christus Resurrexit) to hang on the sanctuary wall of St Joseph Church, Retford, Nottinghamshire, which was being re-ordered by Gerard Goalen. <mask>'s artworks include several contributions to 'Pictures for Schools: Art, Education and Reconstruction in Post-war Britain'. Natalie Rose Bradbury notes: "He regularly submitted both drawings and works on paper to the scheme, as well as reliefs and sculptures. Many of them were themed around animals, and proved to be popular with child visitors".His other works include:

 Tiles for the Dorchester Hotel
 A tapestry for Hammersmith and West London College Library
 Decorative relief panels for Sainsbury's in Braintree which depict the themes of food and drink
 Panels for the Pallant House Gallery in Chichester
 Two large murals for New Century Hall, Manchester which depict musicians (1963)

See also

 List of camoufleurs

References

Sources

Books

Journals
 Art & Antiques. 1993. <mask>. Volume 15. Page 86. The New Yorker. 1992. Review.F-R Publishing. Volume 68. Page 10. External links

Camoufleurs
1914 births
1999 deaths
British ceramists
British watercolourists
20th-century ceramists
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Engineers

masks:
Sykes
Steven Sykes


title: Dean Leacock

texts:
<mask> (born 10 June 1984) is an English professional footballer who plays for Lowestoft Town. He is primarily  a centre-back, but he can also play as a right back or a defensive midfielder. Career

Fulham
Born in Croydon, London, <mask> signed his first professional contract on a three-year deal. At the time, he was known as an up-and-coming central defender, tipped by many to become the new Rio Ferdinand. <mask> made his professional debut as an eighteen-year-old for Fulham in a League Cup defeat against Wigan Athletic on 4 December 2002. After playing in another League Cup defeat by Wigan on 23 September 2003, <mask> made his Premier League debut in a 2–0 win over Blackburn Rovers on 28 September 2003. He made four consecutive league appearances for Fulham before his run in the team was cut short when he tore knee ligaments in the pre-match warm up before Fulham's 3–1 over Manchester United on 25 October 2003.The injury ruled him out for the season. Despite the injury, <mask> signed a new deal with Fulham until 2006. <mask> returned to fitness in time for the start of the 2004–05 season. On 10 September 2004, he joined Coventry City on a loan for a month, in a deal that was later extended to the end of the year. He made his debut for Coventry in a 3–0 defeat by Leeds United on 11 September 2004. He made 1 cup and 8 league appearances for Coventry before injury prompted an early return to Fulham. He returned to Coventry on loan in January 2005 and made a further 5 league and 2 cup appearances before his spell with the club was again cut short by injury.<mask> then made 5 league and 2 cup appearances for Fulham during the 2005–06 season, signing a new contract at the end of the season. In July 2006,

masks:
Dean Leacock
Leacock
Leacock
Leacock
Leacock
Leacock
Leacock


title: Dean Leacock

texts:
 <mask> was poised to join League One side Swansea City in a £375,000 deal, but the deal collapsed at the last minute. However, on 10 August 2006, it was announced that he would join Derby County in a £375,000 transfer. Derby County

<mask> made his Derby debut in a 2–1 win over Hull City on 12 August 2006. He was a regular first team player in his first season at the East Midlands club, playing 38 league games and playing in all 3 games of the Championship playoffs as Derby were promoted to the Premiership as playoff winners. <mask> played his first Premier League game for Derby on 18 August 2007, in a 4–0 defeat by Tottenham Hotspur. In what would be a disastrous season for Derby that would end in relegation, <mask> played 26 League games, captaining Derby for the first time in a 2–1 defeat by Liverpool on 26 December 2007 and scoring an own goal in a 2–2 draw against his former employers Fulham on 29 March 2008.<mask> was out of the first team picture at the start of the 2008/09 season with manager Paul Jewell telling <mask> he would listen to any offers for him. However, following Derby's disappointing start to the season, and with the retirement of Derby captain Alan Stubbs, he found himself brought back into the first eleven, and taken off the transfer list. He made his first appearance of the season in a 1–0 defeat by Southampton on 23 August 2008. <mask> subsequently started seven of Derby's eight game unbeaten run that took them from the bottom of the table to within reach of the playoffs by the start of October, forming a good partnership with Martin Albrechtsen. On 18 October 2008 he was rewarded with a new contract to keep him at the club until 2012. After suffering a hamstring injury in

masks: Leacock Leacock Leacock Leacock Leacock Leacock Leacock