title: Paulino Santos

texts:
 the region. As a tribute to his legacy in the area, the municipality of Buayan (formerly Dadiangas) was renamed General Santos, which, by virtue of Republic Act No. 5412 signed on July 8, 1968, was declared a city. A grave and monument of Gen. <mask> <mask> was unveiled in front of its City Hall on September 5, 1981 in General Santos, South Cotabato. The Koronadal section of the South Cotabato-Sarangani Road was also named as "General Santos Drive," while the radial road leading to the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa was also named as "Gen. Paulino <mask> Avenue" as an honor for his service as a former Director of the Bureau of Prisons. He was instrumental in the transfer of the prison to the present area. Taguig's main avenue, fronting Camp Bagong Diwa of the Philippine National Police, also a former Philippine Constabulary camp, and the City Hall was also similarly named as "General Santos Avenue."One of the urban Barangays of Koronadal is named after him using the initials of his rank and name, called as Barangay GPS, City of Koronadal (GPS - General <mask> <mask>)

As Chief of Staff of the Philippine Army, Major General <mask> is a pioneer in the Self Reliance Defence concept as early as the 1930s. Maj. Gen. <mask> intended to have all supplies for the new Commonwealth army made if possible in the Philippines. See also
<mask>

References

. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 17, 2007).
. (accessed on September 20, 2016). National Historical Institute. Historical Markers: Regions V - XII. Manila: National Historical Institute, 1993.Gwekoh, Sol H. Hall of Fame. Manila Times. |-

|-

Philippine

masks:
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Paulino
Santos
Santos
Santos
General Santos


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

type: original

texts: <mask> FRS (10 March 1797 – 19 January 1876) was an English geologist and political economist as well as a Member of Parliament and magistrate for Stroud in Gloucestershire. While an undergraduate at Cambridge, through the influence of Edward Clarke and Adam Sedgwick he became interested in mineralogy and geology. During the winter of 1816–1817 he was at Naples, and was so keenly interested in Vesuvius that he renewed his studies of the volcano in 1818; and in the following year visited Etna and the Lipari Islands. In 1821 he married the daughter and heiress of <mask> of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, and assumed her name; and he entered the House of Commons of the United Kingdom in 1833 as MP for Stroud, retaining his seat until 1868. Meanwhile he began to study the volcanic regions of central France in 1821, and visited the Eifel district in 1823. In 1825 he published Considerations on Volcanos, leading to the establishment of a new theory of the Earth, and in the following year was elected FRS. This earlier work was subsequently amplified and issued under the title of Volcanos (1862); an authoritative text-book of which a second edition was published ten years later.In 1827 he issued his classic Memoir on the Geology of Central France, including the Volcanic formations of Auvergne, the Velay and the Vivarais, a quarto volume illustrated by maps and plates. The substance of this was reproduced in a revised and somewhat more popular form in The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France (1858). These books were the first widely published descriptions of

masks:
George Julius Poulett Scrope
William Scrope


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts:
 the Chaîne des Puys, a chain of over 70 small volcanoes in the Massif Central. Scrope was awarded the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London in 1867. Among his other works was the History of the Manor and Ancient Barony of Castle Combe (printed for private circulation, 1852). Biography

Early life
On 10 March 1797, <mask> Thomson was born in London to "John Thomson of Waverley Abbey, Surrey, and his wife, Charlotte" and was baptized under this name a few months later. John Thomson was the head of a successful trading firm (one source alluded that it was Roehampton and Austin Friars, London) that had dealings with Russia.His wife, Charlotte, was the daughter of well-to-do Doctor John Jacob of Salisbury. <mask> was the second son of John and Charlotte. Charles was the firstborn. The two brothers maintained a close friendship until Charles' "untimely death"   in a riding accident in Canada. <mask> and Charles cooperatively wrote Charles' autobiography. Not much has been documented about <mask>'s early and teen years, and his personal letters were left to his nephew Hugh Hammersley, but have been misplaced or destroyed. The sources reviewed by this researcher almost exclusively began with the circumstances of Thomson's birth and then resumed at his entry to Harrow at roughly thirteen years of age.Education
Thomson received his education at Harrow School, a privately funded public school in the Harrow district of London. After Harrow, Thomson was accepted to and enrolled at Pembroke College, Oxford in 1815. After a year he left Pembroke because

masks:
George Julius
George
George
George


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts:
 he found that its science departments were lacking courses of interest to him. To sate his scientific appetite, he transferred to St John's College, Cambridge in 1816. Also, during this year Thomson "acquired the additional name Poulett, which his father had recently adopted from an earlier and aristocratic branch of his family." Once at St. John's, Thomson was introduced to Professors Edward Daniel Clarke and Adam Sedgwick who "gave him his lifelong interest in geology." At the time these men were in the early stages of their careers, Clarke having been made the first professor of mineralogy within the field of geology at St. John's; Sedgwick being known for his attention to detail and his naming of certain sections of the geologic time scale including the Cambrian.Thomson received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1821 in geology, after having performed several years of fieldwork in continental Europe. Social life
After a comfortable courtship, Thomson was married to Emma Phipps <mask> on 22 March 1821. She was the heiress of <mask> (phonetically Scroop) of Castle Combe, Wiltshire, which is north-east of Bath. She was also the great-granddaughter of Sir Robert Long, 6th Baronet. After a Royal Grant he assumed the name and arms of <mask>, in lieu of Thomson. The newly renamed <mask> <mask> and his wife resided at Castle Combe Manor House, which the <mask> family had owned since the fourteenth century. Emma had been disabled after a riding accident soon after the marriage, and no children were born of their union.Scrope had extensive alterations made to the

masks:
Scrope
William Scrope
Scrope
George Poulett
Scrope
Scrope


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts:
 17th-century house and established formal gardens in the grounds. During the marriage, <mask> Scrope kept a mistress, an actress known as Mrs. Grey, in a comfortable existence in London. Around the year 1838 their son was born, whom they called Arthur Hamilton. Scrope sent his illegitimate son to Eton College and Christ Church, Oxford for his education, eventually securing a commission for him. In 1856, Emma and <mask> formally adopted Arthur as their son. After Emma's death in 1866, Scrope sold Castle Combe and moved to Fairlawn, near Cobham, Surrey. The following year he married Margaret Elizabeth Savage, who was forty-four years his junior.Both <mask> and Arthur survived him. Study of volcanoes
During the time he attended St. John's College, Scrope had his first real experiences with what would become his geologic specialty – volcanoes – and what would be called igneous petrology. During the winter break of 1817 through 1818, <mask> went on a vacation with his mother and father in Italy. In Naples he explored Mount Vesuvius and other areas of volcanism in the region. In 1825, Scrope became a secretary, jointly with Sir Charles Lyell, of the Geological Society of London. His later results from Auvergne were published for his 1826 election to the Royal Society. In 1853, Scrope was instrumental in the formation of and became the first president of the Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, contributing heavily to its magazine."[The] experience [in Naples] first aroused his lifelong fascination with volcanoes" and soon after his marriage to

masks:
George Poulett
George
Margaret Scrope
George


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: Werner, the first phase of the Earth's development featured a great global ocean. This ocean was hot, steamy, and full of suspended sediment that eventually precipitated and formed bedrock. After this, the global ocean supposedly cooled and settled to such a degree that it began to subside and eventually conform to match the features seen today. During this time of subsidence, mountains were left behind as artifacts of erosion or a similar mechanism. Scrope was not satisfied with this explanation of the presence and formation of rocks. He and many of his contemporaries were probably disturbed by the sense of utter finality, the idea that the earth was in a stage of winding down and would see no further development or change.<mask> spent much time performing research locally and discussing the matter with colleagues. In 1827, Scrope published his research from Auvergne in central France in his Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France. This work contained meticulously detailed drawings of basaltic column clusters, numerous panoramic views of valleys, and cross-sections of sedimentation and other types of stratigraphy. The work reads as a moving narrative, giving a very detailed road-map of analyzed data through the region. In response to the release of this work, Sir Charles Lyell spearheaded an expeditionary force soon after to corroborate <mask>'s findings and help build a case against Neptunism. After the group of natural philosophers returned, Lyell and Murchison confirmed the validity of Scrope's arguments. With the weight of their respective

masks: George Scrope


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: reputations and their findings behind him, Scrope ensured that "Werner's doctrine of the aqueous precipitation of basalt received from this work its death-blow."<mask> wrote later in his Geology and Extinct Volcanos that "The Wernerian notion ... has since that date never held up its head." Since his beginnings as a geologist, <mask> Scrope fostered a number of friendly relationships with some well-known natural philosophers. On his voyage and during the years since, Charles Darwin sent some letters to Scrope, checking certain geological observations and calculations he made, and made other general geology and scientific (in our modern terms) queries. These documents are mentioned by numerous sources, but were unavailable for review by this researcher. During the mid-1820s, <mask> <mask> came upon the greatest friendship of his life. Despite, and perhaps because of, Charles Lyell's objective appraisals of Scrope's first and certain subsequent works, the pair forged a strong friendship that lasted for the rest of their lives. While Lyell's uniformitarianist views were not to <mask>'s liking, he found solace in Professor Huxley's theories.One author described the early nineteenth century, the time of <mask> <mask> and Charles Lyell's early careers, as an "intellectual 'reign of terror'" which was the "consequence of the unreasoning prejudice and wild alarm excited by the early progress of geological inquiry." Most attempts to explain the past using current processes as a reference was, rather than through calm argument, met by social stigma and

masks:
Scrope
George Poulett
George Poulett
Scrope
George
George Poulett
Scrope


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: intolerance. This can be seen by the treatment of Hutton's Theory of the Earth, Hall's meticulously kept records and experiments, and Playfair's Illustrations. These arguments had "come to be inscribed in a social Index Expurgatorius [and] might have seemed to be consigned to total oblivion." The writer of <mask>'s Obituary in the Royal Society's Proceedings believed that "science is indebted for boldly encountering and successfully overcoming this storm of prejudice ... [<mask> and Lyell] accomplish[ed] the removal of geology from the domain of speculation to that of inductive science." Based on Scrope's various arguments, he became a Huttonian in that he did believe that causes in operation currently were able to have produced past geological changes – the present is a key to explaining the past. He rejected aqueous origins and Von Buch's elevation-crater theory – which held that craters were caused by the buckling of the crust below them.Because the friendship of <mask> and Lyell featured a "freedom of intercourse" it was of great value to the pair in fighting conventional thought and its errors. Lyell wrote favourable reviews of several of <mask>'s papers during the 1820s and 1830s, lending some of his considerable influence. Upon the release of Lyell's Principles of Geology, on parts of which he had extensive correspondence with Scrope, <mask> was "committed the congenial task of applying and driving home [their arguments]." To this end, the first and second volumes of Principles of Geology were introduced by "appreciative and discriminative notices

masks: Scrope Scrope Scrope Scrope George


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts:
 in the Quarterly [Review]" which were written by his friend Scrope. The third edition of the series was also favourably reviewed by Mr. Scrope. Political career
Around the year 1821, Scrope was made a magistrate and was affected with the hardships of the agricultural laborer. "Thenceforth his interest in economic and political affairs, tho [sic] it did not exclude his interest in geology, was unabated."Scrope turned his considerable mind and talents of persuasion to the problems he saw. An unusually articulate magistrate, Scrope communicated his views on current problems in letters to magistrate colleagues and in many pamphlets. Over the course of his life, <mask> <mask> wrote more than seventy politically and economically charged pamphlets, earning him a common nickname of "Pamphlet Scrope." Scrope perhaps felt that his efficacy was limited if he remained only a local politician. In 1832, <mask> ran for the Parliamentary seat of Stroud, which he did not succeed in obtaining. However,  one of the successful candidates, David Ricardo, shortly accepted the Chiltern Hundreds for reasons of family health, and <mask> was returned for the seat unopposed. He remained active in politics until 1867.In the House of Commons, Mr. Scrope was not very vocal. He was, however, an avid writer. Professor Bonney, the original author of the Dictionary of National Biography'''s entry on Scrope, credited him with thirty-six papers on the subjects of volcanic geology and petrology. In his A Neglected English Economist: <mask> Scrope, Redvers Opie estimated that if his entries

masks:
George Poulett
Scrope
Scrope
Scrope
George Poulett


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: to places such as the Quarterly Review, which were largely anonymous, were to be figured into the list of his total works, then "there are extant over forty books, pamphlets, and papers on political economy" concerning both practical and theoretical issues. The first economic publication that can be definitely attributed to Scrope is "A Plea for the Abolition of Slavery in England, as produced by an illegal abuse of the Poor Law, common in the southern counties" which was written in 1829. Scrope was interested in the relationship between political economy and the other moral sciences. Scrope heavily contributed to the Quarterly Review’s Economic section."Scrope's articles had three main themes: (1) the failure of accepted political economy to give sufficient weight to changes in aggregate demand and to the resulting possibility that under some situations an artificial demand could put to use resources … otherwise unemployed." This essentially recommended that an artificially determined demand could stimulate available capital and the market. Secondly, Scrope lamented the "evil effects of falling prices on total production as well as on the distribution of income and the need for banking reform to raise prices on the existing gold standard." Scrope advocated that a tabular standard be instituted, allowing the banking system and the economy to keep up with the market. Jevons eventually aided in inserting the tabular standard, but gave large credit to <mask> and Lowe, who independently co-discovered it. The third primary theme of Scrope’s articles to the


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: Quarterly Review, according to Frank Whitson Fetter, is the "fallacies of Malthusian population doctrine and of the current proposals for sweeping reform of the poor laws that were based on the acceptance of the Malthusian view [that they be administered to] discourage population increase." <mask> was an opponent of Ricardo's Malthusian ideas as well.Ricardo was an accomplished economist and a Member of Parliament for Port Arlington during the years 1819-1823. Scrope rejected Ricardo's definition of "rent theory" which was, according to the Wikipedia entry under Ricardo's name (cited below), "the difference between the produce obtained by the employment of two equal quantities of capital and labor." The model for this theory of rent essentially stated that while only one grade of land is used for agriculture, rent will not exist, but when multiple grades of land are being utilized, rent will be exacted on the higher grades and will increase with the rise of the grade. "As such, Ricardo believed that the process of economic development, which increased land utilisation and eventually led to the cultivation of poorer land, benefited first and foremost the landowners because they would receive the rent payments either in money or in product." To his Principles of Political Economy, deduced from the Natural Laws of Social Welfare, and applied to the Present state of Britain he prefixed it as a "Preliminary Discourse on the coincidence of the rights, duties and interests of man in society" in an effort to define "the true scope and limits of political


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: economy, and also of establishing a ground-work of axiomatic principles with respect to the rights of individuals and the duties of governments." He felt that up to that point, such an endeavor had not whole-heartedly been made. Opie wrote that the pages devoted to natural principles "breathe the spirit of the eighteenth century," and can be seen in his fondness for Butler and Hume.Scrope was anti-anarchist and refused to allow certain extreme interpretations of "natural law" philosophy to lead him to it. And just as he avoided the finality of the Wernerian system, so too did he reject the "Panglossian stagnation which makes all things which are, eternal." Scrope, however, avoided the other extreme which was state paternalism. To counter arguments against these positions, he repudiated "whatever is, is right," if applied to actions of man or to justifications for existing institutions and their practices. Scrope felt that it was generally assumed that physical and mental satisfaction and happiness of man "'may be most materially influenced by his social arrangements and these arrangements are susceptible of great and indefinite … improvement.'" To <mask>t Scrope, the primary aim or goal in forming institutions should be to see to "'the greatest happiness of the greatest number [of parties].'" Scrope did not accept another utilitarian tendency in thought that "'every action of man has necessarily a selfish motive.'"While it is true that Scrope studied political economy, which examined the impact of production and distribution of wealth and the happiness


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: of those parties involved, he was "frankly interested in welfare economics, altho [sic] aware of the indefiniteness of the end," using the available facts, vague though they may be, to make generalizations possible for the masses of data involved. The principles of this science are made up of things deducted from axioms relative to the emotions and actions of men. These actions, to <mask>ulett Scrope, are to be gleaned from observation of experience. Scrope made numerous appeals to experience in his discussions of natural rights. To Scrope, the general welfare was always in the back of his mind. "The right of property depends upon the 'principle of utility' which is itself … a generalisation per enumerationem simplicem." The same is true of the foundations of "free labour and free disposal of its produce."So while he saw that experience teaches that "aggregate production increases with the progress of division of labor … it also teaches that men will move to the point of maximum return for their effort." These concepts allow interesting interpretations to take place. Scrope followed the chain of experience to the conclusion that if the various parties involved are "left free to settle terms with each other" there will result a fair distribution of their claims on the joint produce. Thus the parties involved can, in this way, attempt to avoid a situation which currently may be associated with John Nash's equilibriums, where the squabbling of both parties minimizes the gains on either end. The outcome of these situations, if left to their course, may, so


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: Scrope implies, reach a social optimum (another current term) where all parties involved seek to have secure gains on both sides – for the greater good. Scrope recognized the underlying self-interest in humans and realized that in the exercise of freedom of individual action, "'the unerring instinct of self-interest' has played its part in constructing a society more complexly coöperative than could be achieved by mortal design … [thus] Institutions must work with and not against the operation of self-interest" for society to thrive. With regards to poverty, Scrope seemed to prefer a "let's grow more food now and worry about declining population later" stand.To help this along, Scrope advocated emigration to the various British colonies as the strongest solution to the problem. He was, however, criticized for "treating emigration as a panacea for all social ills." Although Scrope did not have a particularly active political life, his brother Charles Thomson did. With much advising behind the scenes, Charles rose to political prominence and was eventually made Lord Sydenham. As part of his new duties, he was engaged in much economic and political discourse, for which he had quite a sound mind. He was responsible for implementing the Union Act in 1840, which united Upper Canada and Lower Canada as the Province of Canada. Eventually Charles became Governor General of Canada until his death in 1841.To his constituents, <mask> <mask> was deemed an "enlightened [aristocratic] landlord and a compassionate magistrate" and nationally he attacked the current poor

masks:
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Scrope


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts:
 laws and Malthusian doctrine. He expressed the view that the proper goal of the economist was to "promote social welfare, using the generation of wealth" as a means to this end. Later life

In his later years, Scrope began to withdraw from political life. His "decaying strength and increasing blindness compelled him to [retire]" and during this time he released new editions of earlier works. During these years he gave counsel and kind words, in addition to helpful hints in research methodology and direction, to many young geologists. Lyell was also stricken with progressive blindness, bringing another ironic note to the pair's friendship. Scrope received numerous accolades for his ventures in the fields of geology, politics, and history.His history of Castle Combe, written in 1852, is still accepted as an important work in such scholarship, and numerous pleasant comments regarding it were made in various Stroud and local media. Scrope also penned definitive biographies and analyses on local and national British figures during his lifetime, earning him honorable mention in numerous related publications. In 1867, for his groundbreaking work in geology, the Geological Society of London awarded <mask> <mask> the Wollaston Medal – their highest award. The death of Lyell, his lifelong best friend, left him a broken man and he soon followed on 19 January 1876. Judd, in his Academy obituary of <mask> <mask>, wrote that "born within a few months of one another, their deaths were separated by less than a year; 'lovely and pleasant in their lives, in their death

masks:
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Scrope
George Poulett
Scrope


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts:
 they were not divided.'" Many would agree with Judd's statement that Scrope was an earnest worker in the task of "establishing the science of geology on a philosophical basis." References
Citations

Attribution

Further reading
"Scrope, <mask> Poulett."Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 2008. Burke, Sir Bernard. A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. Harrison, Pall Mall: London.4 ed. Part II. 1863. Commons, John R. 1990. Institutional economics: Its place in political economy. Transaction Publishers: NY. Conklin, Edwin G. 1951."Letters of Charles Darwin and Other Scientists and Philosophers to Sir Charles Lyell, Bart. 1951." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95, no. 3: 220-221-222. Fetter, Frank W. 1958. "The Economic Articles in the Quarterly Review and Their Authors, 1809-52." I.The Journal of Political Economy 66, no. 1: 47-48-64. G., A.. "<mask>t <mask>, F.R.S.." Nature. Nature Publishing Group. 27 Jan. 1876: 241–242. (According to the DNB article on Scrope, "A. G." represents Archibald Geikie.) Hughes."SCROPE, <mask>t." Peerage.org website, 2008. Accessed 2008. Judd, J. W. 1876. "<mask>t Scrope." Academy 9, no. Jan/June 1876: 102-103.N/A. 1876-1877. "Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. v.25: i-ii-iv. N/A. <mask> Scrope, from a photograph.Database on-line. Available from Victorian and Edwardian Photographs - Roger Vaughan Picture Library, Geologists of the Geological Society of London (19th Century).

masks:
George Julius
George Poulet
Scrope
George Poulet
George Poulet
George Poulett


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts: Ref: PL 102. Opie, Redvers. 1929. "A Neglected English Economist: <mask> Scrope." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 44, no.1: 101-102-137. Page, L.E.. ed. 1970-1990. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Scribner. Rudwick, Martin. "Scrope, <mask> Poulett."Oct 2007. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Accessed 1 March 2008. Rudwick, Martin. Nov. 1974. "<mask> Scrope on the Volcanoes of Auvergne: Lyellian Time and Political Economy." Article in The British Journal for the History of Science.44, no. 3: 205-242. Cambridge University Press and the British Society for the History of Science. <mask>, <mask>. The Geology and Extinct Volcanos of Central France. New York: Arno Press Inc., reprint 1978. <mask>, <mask>. 1849. Suggested Legislation with a View to the Improvement of the Dwellings of the Poor.Piccadilly, London: James Ridgway. <mask>, <mask>. 1831. Extracts of Letters, From Poor Persons Who Emigrated Last Year to Canada and the United States. London: J. Ridgway; Chippenham, Wilts, Printed by R. Alexander. <mask>, <mask>. 1825. Considerations on Volcanos: The probable causes of their phenomena, the laws which determine their march, the disposition of their products, and their connexion with the present state and past history of the globe; leading to the establishment of a new theory of the earth. London: Printed and published by W. Phillips, <mask> Yard, Lombard Street; sold by W. & C. Tait, Edinburgh; and Hodges & McArthur, Dublin.<mask>, <mask>., and Sydenham, Charles Edward <mask> Thomson. 1844. Memoir of the Life of the Right

masks:
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George Julius
Poulett
Scrope
George P
Scrope
George P
Scrope
George P
Scrope
George P
George
Scrope
George P
Poulett


title: George Julius Poulett Scrope

texts:
 Honourable Charles, Lord Sydenham, G. C. B. : With a Narrative of his Administration in Canada.'' London: J. Murray. Williams, Henry S. 1863-1963. A history of science. <mask>, G. P. (1872).Volcanos: The character of their phenomena, their share in the structure and composition of the surface of the globe, and their relation to its internal forces. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer. External links

1797 births
1876 deaths
People from Farnham
People educated at Harrow School
English geologists
British volcanologists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Wollaston Medal winners
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1847–1852
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs


title: Chloé Tallot

texts:
<mask> (born 1973) is a French contemporary artist whose medium is video, photography, drawings and installations. <mask> studied art at the École nationale supérieure des arts décoratifs, Paris from 1996 to 1999. She also studied philosophy at Lycée Pasteur & Sorbonne, Paris. She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France and lives and works in Paris. Education

She was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France in 1973. She spent 1975–1991 in Rabat, Morocco. She studied philosophy and literature, Sorbonne, Paris 1993–1995, receiving his Lettres Supérieures, Lycée Pasteur, Neuilly-sur-Seine.She then studied at Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts Décoratifs, Paris during 1995–1999. Cimaise, Quai Voltaire, September–November
Gallery Guide Europe, Mur Animal, September, p. 26
Exporama, Regard sur l'Enfance, October, No.6
"Onirisme" Etapes, by Laetitia Sellam, April, No.143, p. 25–26
"French Connexion after Armory Show" Blast, Spring, No.24, p. 141–142

2006
"Organs and feelings" Le Monde 2, Michel Philippot, 9 December, p. 13
Enville, The Animal part, Caroline Bourrus, No.19, p. 44–49
De l'air, Was ist Freud ? 2009
Aveugles, photographic mix, color. Sentimentale Trinity, photo reel, sound, presented as a triptych, 3 projections, cycle. 2008
Her Dance, video, composed of four girls portrait, black and white, 20 min or 14 min. 2007
Fragile, Sunbeam, installation, mobile composed of 11 branches, photographs, mirrors, resin, son. Wounded Flowers, video, color, co-realized with Arnout Hulskamp, 8 min.Mur animal, composition of 41 photographs, 7 panels, komacel, glass, wood, 325 × 215 cm. Organic, photo reel, sound, of the Animale series, color, 2 min. 2006
Glowing Table,

masks:
Chloé Tallot
Tallot


title: Daddy Yankee

texts: Ramón Luis Ayala Rodríguez (born February 3, 1977), known professionally as <mask>, is a Puerto Rican rapper, singer and songwriter. He is known as the "King of Reggaetón" by music critics and fans alike. <mask> is the artist who coined the word reggaeton in 1994 to describe the new music genre that was emerging from Puerto Rico that synthesized American hip-hop, Latin Caribbean music, and Jamaican reggae rhythms with Spanish rapping and singing. He is often cited as an influence by other Latin urban performers. Ayala was born in Río Piedras and was raised in the Villa Kennedy Housing Projects neighborhood. He aspired to be a professional baseball player and tried out for the Seattle Mariners of the Major League Baseball. Before he could be officially signed, he was hit by a stray round from an AK-47 rifle while taking a break from a studio recording session with reggaeton artist DJ Playero.Ayala spent roughly a year and a half recovering from the wound; the bullet was never removed from his hip, and he credits the shooting incident with allowing him to focus entirely on a music career. In 2004, <mask> released his international hit single "Gasolina", which is credited with introducing reggaeton to audiences worldwide, and making the music genre a global phenomenon. Since then, he has sold around 20 million records, making him one of the best-selling Latin music artists. <mask>'s album Barrio Fino made history when it became the top-selling Latin music album of the decade between 2000 and 2009. In 2017, <mask>, in collaboration with Latin pop singer Luis Fonsi, released the hit single "Despacito". It became the first

masks:
Daddy Yankee
Daddy Yankee
Daddy Yankee
Daddy Yankee
Daddy Yankee


title: Daddy Yankee

texts:
 Spanish-language song to hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 since "Macarena" in 1996. The single gained global success.The video for "Despacito" on YouTube received its billionth view on April 20, 2017, and became the most-watched video on the platform. Its success led <mask> to become the most-listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in June 2017, the first Latin artist to do so. As of 2017, <mask> has won 82 awards from 270 nominations since his rise to international fame in 2004. He has won five Latin Grammy Awards, two Billboard Music Awards, 14 Billboard Latin Music Awards, two Latin American Music Awards, eight Lo Nuestro Awards, an MTV Video Music Award, and six ASCAP Awards. He also received a Puerto Rican Walk of Fame star, special awards by People en Español magazine, and the Presencia Latina at Harvard University. He was named by CNN as the "Most Influential Hispanic Artist" of 2009, and included in Time 100 in 2006. Musical career

1994–1999: Career beginnings
Often considered to be one of the pioneers within the reggaeton genre, Ayala was originally going to become a professional baseball player but he was shot in his leg while taking a break from a studio recording session.The bullet was never removed and he credits this incident with allowing him to pursue a musical career. He first appeared on the 1994 DJ Playero's Mixtape, Playero 34, with the song "So' Persigueme, No Te Detengas". His first official studio project as a solo artist was No Mercy, which was released on April 2, 1995 through White Lion Records and BM Records in Puerto Rico. Early in his career he attempted to imitate the rap

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 style of Vico C. He went on to emulate other artists in the genre, including DJ Playero, DJ Nelson, and Tempo taking elements from their styles in order to develop an original style with the Dembow rhythm. In doing so, he eventually abandoned the traditional model of rap and became one of the first artists to perform reggaeton. Throughout the 1990s, <mask> appeared in several of DJ Playero's underground mixtapes which were banned by the Puerto Rican government due to explicit lyrics; these songs would later be among the first reggaeton songs ever produced. DJ Playero and <mask> would later be credited for inventing the name "reggaeton" to describe their music on the album Playero 36 in 1994.2000–2003: Early music and El Cangri.com
In 1997, <mask> collaborated with the rapper Nas, who was an inspiration for Ayala, in the song "The Profecy", for the album Boricua Guerrero. He released two compilation albums with original material: El Cartel (1997) and El Cartel II (2001). Both albums were successful in Puerto Rico, but not throughout Latin America. Between those years, Ayala released a total of nine music videos, including "Posición" featuring Alberto Stylee, "Tu Cuerpo En La Cama" featuring Nicky Jam, and "Muévete Y Perrea". In 2000, <mask> formed an unofficial duo called "Los Cangris" with Nicky Jam and released several successful singles together. <mask> and Nicky Jam fell apart in 2004 due to personal issues and creative differences. In 2012, <mask> and Nicky Jam reconciled and performed in various concerts together.In 2002, El Cangri.com became Ayala's first album with international success, receiving coverage in the markets

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 of New York City and Miami with hits including "Latigazo", "Son Las Doce", "Guayando" and other songs like "Enciende", which talks about different social problems of the era, mentioning 9/11, corruption and religion. In 2003, <mask> Yankee released a compilation album named Los Homerun-es, which contains his first charted single ("Segurosqui"), five new songs and 12 remakes of DJ Playero's albums songs. that was later charted, "Seguroski", being his first charted single after six of them. In 2003, Ayala collaborated for the first time with the prestigious reggaeton producers Luny Tunes on the album Mas Flow, with his commercial success song "Cógela Que Va Sin Jockey" (a.k.a. "Métele Con Candela"), and Mas Flow 2. 2004–2006: Barrio Fino and "Gasolina"

Ayala's next album, Barrio Fino, was produced by Luny Tunes and DJ Nelson among others and released in July 2004 by El Cartel Records and VI Music. It was the most highly anticipated album in the reggaeton community.Ayala had enjoyed salsa music since he was young, and this led him to include music of genres besides reggaeton in the album. The most prominent of these cross-genre singles was "Melao", in which he performed with Andy Montañez. The album was described as his most complete, and with it he intended to introduce combinations of reggaeton and other genres to the English-speaking market. Barrio Fino was followed up by an international tour with performances in numerous countries including the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Honduras, Spain, Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela, and the United States. The album has sold over 1.1 millions of copies in the United


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texts: States alone, making it the seventh best-selling Latin album in the country according to Nielsen SoundScan. Also, It had sold over 2 million copies throughout Latin America and worldwide. During this same time, <mask> was featured in N.O.R.E.'s single "Oye Mi Canto" which hit number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart; a record for a reggaeton single at the time. Other successful featured singles included "Mayor Que Yo" and "Los 12 Discípulos". In 2005, Ayala won several international awards, making him one of the most recognized reggaeton artists within the music industry. The first award of the year was Lo Nuestro Awards within the "Album of the Year" category, which he received for Barrio Fino. In this event he performed "Gasolina" in a performance that was described as "innovative". Barrio Fino also won the "Reggaeton Album of the Year" award in the Latin Billboard that took place on April 28, 2005, where he performed a mix of three of his songs in a duet with P. Diddy. The album was promoted throughout Latin America, the United States, and Europe, reaching certified gold in Japan.Due to the album's success, Ayala received promotional contracts with radio stations and soda companies, including Pepsi. His hit single, "Gasolina", received the majority of votes cast for the second edition of Premios Juventud, in which it received eight nominations and won seven awards. Ayala also made a live presentation during the award ceremony. "Gasolina" received nominations in the Latin Grammy and MTV Video Music Awards. The commercial success of "Gasolina" in the United States led to the creation of a new radio format and a Billboard chart:


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 and 20 Number 1's Now.He appeared on the 2008 Rockstar Games' video game Grand Theft Auto IV as the DJ of Radio San Juan Sounds, with spanglish lines. The radio includes reggaeton songs from Ayala's colleagues, like Wisin & Yandel, Hector "El Father", Tito El Bambino and Jowell & Randy. San Juan Sounds also featured <mask>'s hit "Impacto". In July 2008, Ayala announced that as part of his work, he would produce a cover version of Thalía's song, "Ten Paciencia". On August 17, 2008 his soundtrack album Talento De Barrio for the eponymous film was released. Prior to the album's release, Ayala scheduled several activities, including an in-store contract signing. The album was awarded as Multi-Platinum by RIAA on April 17, 2009.On February 27, 2009, he performed at the Viña del Mar International Song Festival in Chile. In this event, the artists receive awards based on the public's reaction. After performing "Rompe", "Llamado de emergencia", "Ella Me Levantó", "Gasolina", "Limpia Parabrisas" and "Lo Que Pasó, Pasó" over the course of two hours, Ayala received the "Silver Torch", "Gold Torch" and "Silver Seagull" recognitions. On April 24, 2009, he received the Spirit of Hope Award as part of the Latin Billboard Music Awards ceremony. The recognition is given to the artists that participate in their community or social efforts throughout the year. 2009–2013: Mundial and Prestige

The single, "Grito Mundial", was released on October 8, 2009, in order to promote his ninth album, Mundial. The song was going to be the official theme for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but Ayala rejected the FIFA offer, which gave them 100% of the rights.Despite


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texts: releasing "El Ritmo No Perdona (Prende)" more than a month before, that single was not considered the first official promotional single. The second single, "Descontrol", was released on January 12, 2010, and topped the Billboard Latin Rhythm Airplay. The music video was filmed in New York City and was released on May 17, 2010. "La Despedida" was the third single, released on August 4, 2010. The song reached #4 in both Billboard Top Latin Songs and Latin Pop Songs. Other songs, like "Bailando Fue" (featuring Jowell & Randy) and "Échale Pique" (featuring Yomo) were not included in Mundial. In 2010, <mask> participated in the song "Somos El Mundo 25 Por Haiti", by providing the rap vocals alongside rapper Pitbull.<mask>'s sixth studio album, Prestige was released on September 11, 2012. It was scheduled to be released on November or December 2011, but a hurricane damaged El Cartel Records and half of the album was lost. The lost tracks had to be reworked and was finally released nine months later. The first single, "Ven Conmigo", featuring bachata singer Prince Royce, was released on April 12, 2011 and peaked at number 9 on the Billboard Latin Charts. The second single, "Lovumba", was released on October 4, 2011 and was a number one hit on the Billboard Latin Charts and the Latin Songs chart. It was also nominated for Best Urban Song at the 2012 Latin Grammy Awards. The third single, "Pasarela", was released on June 20, 2012.The album peaked at number 39 on the Billboard 200, number one on both the Billboard Latin Albums and Latin Rhythm Albums charts. It also peaked at number five on the Billboard Rap Albums chart. The fourth and


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 last single, Limbo, was released with the album. The song had a great success, reaching three #1 Billboard charts (Hot Latin Song, Latin Pop Song and Latin Rhythm Airplay) and having more than 790 million views on YouTube. The album was certified as Gold by the RIAA on March 8, 2013. The year 2012 had one of the most important genre events of the year: the reconciliation between <mask> and Wisin & Yandel, after some years of rivalry. Six years after their last collaboration, <mask>n & Yandel collaborated in the remix of "Limbo". Later in 2013, the three artists performed songs like "Hipnotízame", "Mayor Que Yo" and "Noche De Entierro" in two concerts (one in Puerto Rico and another in Colombia). On February 25, 2013, <mask> performed in the 2013 Viña del Mar International Song Festival, to a sold-out audience. He performed hits like "Limbo", "Gasolina", "Pose", "Ella Me Levantó" and "Descontrol". He won the Silver and Golden Torch and the Silver and Golden Seagull recognitions. In 2013, <mask> performed on his Prestige World Tour, touring several countries in Europe including, Spain, Germany, France and Italy. He has also toured in Colombia, Peru, Chile to sold-out audiences.In 2013 he released music videos of "El Amante" featuring J Alvarez, "Summertime" and "Noche de los Dos" featuring Natalia Jimenez, with millions of views on YouTube. 2013–2015: <mask>

On October 29, 2013, <mask> released a mixtape entitled "King Daddy", produced by Los De La Nazza (Musicologo & Menes), as part the Imperio Nazza Mixtapes series and was released as a digital-format only. The mixtape was made because of the high demand from the fans and is a

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texts: return to his original reggaeton roots. It includes 11 tracks with collaborations from J Alvarez, Arcángel, Yandel, Farruko, and Divino. According to Ayala, "King Daddy" was recorded in two and a half weeks, because there was "a lot of inspiration". The song "La Rompe Carros" has garnered popularity among the public, but his hit single was "La Nueva y La Ex" which has been widely received all over South America, Europe, and North America. During a press conference earlier this year, <mask> announced the physical release of <mask> scheduled for later this year with 3 or 4 bonus tracks for a total of 14 or 15 songs included.From May 13 to June 22, 2014, Ayala performed on his King Daddy Tour, touring several cities in Europe. He has also toured in South and North American cities. In Spain, his concerts were on the 4º position in the box-office ranking, being the first Latin artist on the top 5 in this country, underneath Iron Maiden and The Rolling Stones, and over artists like Beyoncé, Miley Cyrus and Michael Bublé. On June 17, 2014 the single "Ora Por Mí" (Spanish for "Pray For Me") was released as part of the <mask>'s bonus tracks and uses the Scorpions' "Send Me An Angel" instrumental, with a rap sampler. The official video for "Ora Por Mí" was released on June 24, 2014. It was filmed in many locations in San Juan, Puerto Rico, and talks about Ayala's life and the dark side of fame. According to Ayala, it is the most personal song of his career.On September 2, 2014, it was released another single called "Palabras Con Sentido" (Spanish for "Words With Sentiments"), which defends reggaeton and urban music of all the accusations

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 of being a "society poison". <mask> expressed that all music has something good to give, even urban music. On his single, he also says that urban music saves lives, like his own, and the solution would be that churches have to remain, journalists have to tell the truth, artists have to have more inspiration, and the rich people have to help the poor ones. On September 9, 2014 he released his first totally English single called "This Is Not A Love Song" featuring new rapper Duncan. 2016–present: El Disco Duro

On April 28, 2016, <mask> was awarded the "Industry Leader Award" during the 2016 Latin Billboard Awards. After a decade-long feud with longtime rival Don Omar for the "King of Reggaetón" title, in early 2016 <mask> and Don Omar announced in a Billboard press conference that they would perform together on stage in a concert series called The Kingdom Tour. The tour announcement left many fans in disbelief as it sold out in minutes in major cities like Las Vegas, Orlando, Los Angeles, New York.The concerts were structured like a boxing match, where the two artists got to trade off musical rounds, and fans voted for their winner in each city via an app designed for the event. "Two kings, one throne", said Pina Records founder Rafael Pina, who had a well-established relationship with both artists, and who also came up with the idea for the tour concept. Discussing the tour and his rivalry with <mask>, Don Omar said "Let me clarify: I am not his best friend, and he is not my best friend, but we respect each other. That desire to be the best is what has pushed us to be better." In 2017, <mask>, in collaboration with Latin pop


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 singer Luis Fonsi, released the hit single "Despacito". It became the first Spanish-language song to hit number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 since "Macarena" in 1996. The single gained global success.The official video for "Despacito" on YouTube received its billionth view on April 20, 2017 after 97 days, becoming the second-fastest video on the site to reach the milestone behind Adele's "Hello". Its success led <mask> to become the most listened artist worldwide on the streaming service Spotify in June 2017, being the first Latin artist to do so. In early 2018, <mask> released his first latin trap singles with the song "Hielo", and on the single "Vuelve" on which he collaborated with Bad Bunny. In August 2018, <mask> collaborated with Janet Jackson on her return to music on the song "Made for Now". He released the 2019 single "Con Calma", a reimagination of Snow's 1992 hit single "Informer". Snow recorded new parts and the Spanish-language remake topped the charts of 20 countries and reached the top 10 of 10 others. Film and other career projects
Ayala has negotiated promotional deals with several companies outside of the music industry, releasing merchandise under his name.In 2005, he became the first Latin artist to sign a deal with Reebok, in order to produce accessories, including the licensed clothing line "DY", which was released in 2006. He also teamed up with the company to have his own shoes and sporting goods made, which were first distributed on May 23, 2006. Reebok continued the partnership with the introduction of the Travel Trainer collection in July 2007. In August 2007, Pepsi began an advertising campaign titled

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 On February 6, 2008, Ayala announced in a Baloncesto Superior Nacional press conference that he had bought part of the Criollos de Caguas' ownership. He has also been active with Cruz Roja Puerto Rico in several media campaigns. In March 2013, <mask> talked about a new movie production during an interview in Las Vegas. During an interview in a radio station in January 2014, Ayala announced the film, but he only mentioned that many reggaeton exponents would take part of it.In February 2014 it was confirmed that the movie will be about the boxer Macho Camacho's life. According to Ayala, he had the boxer's support to film the movie, but it remained in nothing after Camacho's death on November 24, 2012. The film was due for release in 2015. The most recent of <mask>'s non-music projects was the release of his game Trylogy, a 3D video game based in tower defense games. The game was presented at the New York Comic Con and was released on November 29, 2013. The game also features Ayala's songs like "Gasolina" and "Limbo". Personal life

Family
Ayala has kept most of his personal life private, rarely speaking about it in interviews.He has said that he avoids doing so because such details are the only aspect of his life that are not public and that they are like a "little treasure". In 2006 he spoke about his relationship with his wife Mireddys González and children in an interview with María Celeste Arrarás in Al Rojo Vivo. He stated that his marriage is strong because he and his wife are "friends above anything", and that he has tried to ignore other temptations because "weakness is the reason for the downfall of several artists". He


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 met his wife when they were little and at just 17 years old they decided to get married. As a result of the union their first daughter Yamilette Ayala González was born. His first daughter was born when he was seventeen years old, which he described as confusing at first, adding that raising a daughter at that age was a hard experience. He has another son, Jeremy, born in 1998,  and another daughter, Jesaaelys, born in 1996.Political views
In 2008, Ayala participated in a campaign to promote voting in the 2008 general elections in Puerto Rico. This initiative included a concert titled "Vota o quédate callado" (Vote or Remain Silent). On August 25, 2008, Ayala endorsed Republican John McCain's candidacy for President of the United States in the 2008 election, stating that McCain was a "fighter for the Hispanic community". As part of this campaign, Ayala moderated a debate titled "Vota o quédate callado: los candidatos responden a los jóvenes", which was aired on October 9, 2008. In November 2019, Ayala inaugurated a museum of reggaeton at Plaza Las Américas, the first of its kind. Philanthropy
In 2007, <mask> became the spokesperson of the environmental organization "Yo Limpio a Puerto Rico" (I Clean Puerto Rico) founded by Ignacio Barsottelli. Yo Limpio a Puerto Rico, PepsiCo and Wal-Mart announced a joint effort to promote recycling in Puerto Rico among the general public and schools across the island with the campaign "Tómatelo en Serio, Recicla por Puerto Rico" (Take it seriously, recycle for Puerto Rico), in which Daddy Yankee became the main spokesperson.This campaign incorporated a recycling contest among public and


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 private schools from around the island in the elementary, junior high, and high school categories. The program established 16 recycling centers located at Wal-Mart and Sam's Club stores across the island, where consumers were able to deposit recyclable items. In 2017, <mask> donated $100,000 to the Food Bank of Puerto Rico after the devastation caused by Hurricane Maria. The money provided food to roughly 9,000 families on the island. <mask> presented the HR Derby Champ medallion to Pete Alonso upon his winning the MLB HR Derby on July 8, 2019. Legacy

<mask> has been dubbed "King of Reggaetón" by media. Rachel Grace Almeida from Vice felt <mask> paved the way with his music to amplify and normalize the "marginalised" Latino identity.She also commented that <mask> played a vital part in "bringing glamour to the barrio and challenged the mainstream media's portrayal of Hispanic poverty in those neighbourhoods". He was highlighted by CNN and Time as one of the most influential Hispanics in the world. Roy Trakin from Pollstar considered his collaboration with Luis Fonsi in "Despacito" helped "turn his native Puerto Rico's music into a global phenomenon". <mask>'s third studio album Barrio Fino (2004) ushered reggaeton into the mainstream. Its single "Gasolina" "[altered] the business, sound and aesthetic of Latin music", stated Billboard, "the genre would revive sales of Latin music, usher in a new radio format in the U.S. (Latin Rhythm Airplay) and establish the urban base responsible for many Latin radio hits today." According to Nestor Casonú, president for Kobalt Music Latin America, "<mask> and 'Gasolina' triggered the

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 explosion of urban Latin music worldwide." In 2006, a The New York Times article deemed him "The King of Reggaetón" while commenting on 2004's music revenue, "one bright spot for the music industry was Latin music: sales grew by 12 percent, according to Nielsen SoundScan.At least some of that success is owed to reggaetón and by extension to <mask>, its top-selling act." Multiple artists have cited him as an inspiration, including J Balvin, Ozuna, Bad Bunny, Lunay, Miguelito, and Natti Natasha. Achievements

<mask> has received several awards and honors, including 10 Guinness World Records and seven Billboard Music Awards (the most for any Latin artist). He was honored with the Icon Award by Latin American Music Awards, the Industry Leader Award from the Latin Billboard Awards and inducted into its Hall of Fame, and received the Lifetime Achievement Award in Lo Nuestro Awards from Balvin. J Balvin stated: "Reggaeton would not be what it is without <mask> and without <mask>, there would be no Balvin". Having sold 20 million records worldwide, <mask> is one of the best-selling Latin music artists. As of April 2020, <mask> is the most subscribed Latin artist on YouTube Music.He also is the first Latin act to be the most listened-to artist worldwide, and remains on Top 20 as of April 2020. In 2019, he set a new record in his country as the artist with the most shows at Coliseum of Puerto Rico, with 12 consecutive sold-out concerts. <mask> has multiple charts records. He is the artist with the most number one and most entries on the Billboard Latin Rhythm Airplay. He also has the most entries on the Latin Pop Airplay and the second

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 most entries on Hot Latin Songs. Additionally, he achieved three and six top 25 and top 50 Spanish-language singles on the Billboard Hot 100, respectively, the most by any artist. Barrio Fino and Barrio Fino en Directo are two of the best-selling Latin albums in the United States.With "Despacito", both <mask> and Luis Fonsi achieved multiple worldwide records, including the most-viewed YouTube video (and it became the first video on the site to reach the milestones of three, four, five, six, and seven billion views) and the first Latin song to receive a diamond certification by Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Additionally, "Despacito" received thirteen-times platinum by RIAA for units of over 13 million sales plus track-equivalent streams, making it the highest-certified single of all-time in the United States. It also became the song with most weeks at number one in Switzerland and Germany, and the most weeks at number one on Hot Latin Songs. Discography

Studio albums
 No Mercy (1995)
 El Cangri.com (2003)
 Barrio Fino (2004)
 El Cartel: The Big Boss (2007)
 Mundial (2010)
 Prestige (2012)
 El Disco Duro (TBA)

Live albums
 2005: Ahora Le Toca Al Cangri! Live
 2005: Barrio Fino En Directo
 2020: 2K20 Pt. 1
 2020: 2K20 Pt. 2
 2020: 2K20


title: Princess Eugenia Maximilianovna of Leuchtenberg

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Princess <mask>na of Leuchtenberg () (1 April 1845 – 4 May 1925) was a daughter of Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg and his wife Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia. Although she was a member of the French House of Beauharnais, she was born and raised in her mother's native country, Russia. In 1868, she married her distant cousin, Duke Alexander Petrovich of Oldenburg. The couple had an only child, Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg. Princess Eugenia and her husband were particularly noted for their extensive philanthropy throughout Russia; so much so in fact that by 1914, a newspaper source could claim that "there [were] probably not two who are so universally beloved as the Duke and Duchess of Oldenburg". Early life

Princess <mask> of Leuchtenberg was born on  at the Mariinskiy Palace in Saint Petersburg. She was the fourth child and third daughter of Maximilian de Beauharnais, 3rd Duke of Leuchtenberg and his wife Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia.Eugenia's father, Maximilian, Duke of Leuchtenberg, had traveled to St. Petersburg, eventually winning the hand of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, Nicholas I's eldest daughter. Maximilian was subsequently bestowed with the style Imperial Highness and given the title Prince Romanowsky. As the daughter of a Russian grand duchess and an ennobled Russian prince, Eugenia and her siblings were always treated as grand dukes and duchesses, bearing the styles Imperial Highness. Princess Eugenia (She was called Eugenie, the French form of her name, by her family) spent her childhood in the Mariinsky Palace with her siblings. Both of her parents were interested in artistic and scientific endeavors so Eugenia  received a better education than most princesses of her time. She studied music, drawing, dancing and languages. As a girl she enjoyed horse-riding.Hunting with horses and riding became hobbies she enjoyed throughout her life. After their father's

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 descendants had been raised in Russia ever since and become completely "Russianized", much like Eugenia's own family. Thus despite his German title, Duke Alexander, like his father before him, had grown up entirely in Russia, serving his military service for the czars. He was always considered a part of the Russian imperial family. The couple had one son, Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg (21 November 1868 – 11 March 1924). <mask> had a long-standing friendship with Empress Maria Feodorovna, and the two helped arrange the marriage of Eugenia's son to Marie's daughter Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna. Ramon estate

As a wedding gift, <mask>'s uncle Alexander II of Russia presented the couple the estate of Ramon, in southwestern Russia. in 1883 the couple hired architect Christopher Neysler to build Ramon Palace, a residence resembling an English castle of Gothic architecture; it was completed four years later.After marrying Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, youngest daughter of Alexander III in 1901, their only son took residence at the palace, and eventually the couple purchased an adjacent estate to build their own home. In 1902, a mob of peasants, acting out of labor unrest, attacked and set fire to the palace, causing extensive damage. Fifteen years later, the estate was confiscated by the new Bolshevik regime, and turned into a barracks, school, hospital, and housing for a nearby factory. Later life

Duke Alexander was one of the richest princes in Russia, not only through his landed and funded property, but also because of the great wealth Eugenia had inherited from her grandfather Nicholas I. Alexander was also second-in-line to the throne of Oldenburg, as Frederick Augustus II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg had only one young son, Hereditary Grand Duke Nikolaus; were he to die before his father, Alexander would have become heir presumptive. Throne of Bulgaria
Alexander, Prince of Bulgaria abdicated on 7 September

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 1886, leading to various candidates being advocated by interested nearby nations; the two most concerned were Russia and Germany under the respective governments of Emperor Alexander III and German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck. Duke Alexander was subsequently recommended, at the Russian government's suggestion, for the Bulgarian throne. Not only was he married to a Russian princess, and was himself the grandson of a Russian grand duchess, but he also held the positions of Adjutant-General to Emperor Alexander, and was the Commanding General of the Imperial Guard.In several desperate attempts to prevent Russia from gaining control of Bulgaria however, the throne was offered to candidates who lacked Russian ties, such as a prince of Denmark or even the king of Romania. In the end, Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha was chosen, becoming Ferdinand I of Bulgaria. Arts and philanthropy

<mask> was considered by contemporary sources to be the "most cultured and amiable women that could be met with", while Alexander was celebrated as a man with "much intellect and character". As a very popular and educated princess, <mask> hosted a salon that was the center of literary, philosophical, scientific activity in Russia. By 1907, she and her husband were widely known to devote "all their life and the greater portion of their wealth to philanthropy", according to one source. Their extensive donations helped fund and found technical schools, hospitals, orphanages, as well as other philanthropic institutions all over Russia. She was also instrumental in establishing the Red Cross in Russia.The Oldenburg Institute was one such organization founded by the couple; its purpose was to teach two thousand boys and girls trade and technical education, with more than half of them being lodged at the school at the prince and princess' expense. As she suffered from delicate health, Eugenia did not often venture out, instead preferring to quietly


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 entertain in her house. While attending the opening of the St. Petersburg School of Experimental Medicine as its main benefactor in January 1907, a prominent government official, General von Launitz, was assassinated before <mask> and her husband's eyes. The general was standing a few steps away from her husband, so that <mask>, believing at first that Alexander had been the one killed, fell into a faint. Last years
By 1914, Alexander was almost an "invalid", traveling with the help of a nurse for his care. Later that year, while driving just outside Wiesenthal in Baden with his valet and nurse, Alexander was in an auto wreck, sustaining very grave injuries. His gentleman-in-waiting and others who were traveling with the duke, either in his car or another driving behind them, were also injured in the crash, as it involved both vehicles.Alexander survived the wreck. Later in the year 1914, Alexander was chosen by Emperor Nicholas to be supreme chief of medical services to the military and naval forces of Imperial Russia. Though his selection as a royal duke was unusual to hold such a high medical-related position, there had been another precedent in another royal house, Prince Louis Ferdinand of Bavaria, who at that time was serving as surgeon general to the German army. In exile due to the Russian Revolution, <mask> died on 4 May 1925 at Biarritz, France. Alexander would die seven years later, on 6 September 1932. Their philanthropy had become so well known, that by 1914, newspaper sources commented that of all the royal personages at St. Petersburg, "there [were] probably not two who are so universally beloved as the Duke and Duchess of Oldenburg". Ancestry

Notes

References
Belyakova, Zoia.Honour and Fidelity: The Russian Dukes of Leuchtenberg. Saint Petersburg: Logos Publishers. 2010

External links

 A photograph of Eugenia

1845 births
1925 deaths
Beauharnais
Duchesses of Leuchtenberg
House of Oldenburg in

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title: Hedwig Gorski

texts:
<mask> (born July 18, 1949) is an American performance poet and an avant-garde artist who labels her aesthetic as "American futurism". The term "performance poetry", a precursor to slam poetry, is attributed to her. It originated in press releases for experimental spoken word and conceptual theater Gorski created during 1979. She is a first-generation Polish American academic scholar and accomplished creative writer. The innovative poetry, prose, drama, and audio works are published and produced in a variety of media using standard and experimental forms. Biography
A first-generation American citizen, born in Trenton, New Jersey, Gorski's parents and sister emigrated to the United States from Galicia, Poland (present-day Ukraine) following World War II, where two aunts and a grandmother were murdered by Ukrainian partisans. Her father joined the Polish Underground when aged fourteen, and later the United States Army, arriving with his family in the U.S. in 1949 on the General Sturgis, which docked in New Orleans, Louisiana.Her father did electrical work in Napoleonville before moving to New Jersey. After receiving a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University in Canada, she moved with her first husband to Austin, Texas in 1977. She is married to her second husband, composer D'Jalma Garnier. Career
Her public career began in New Orleans during 1973, illustrating for the infamous NOLA Express underground newspaper and hawking the new issues on the corner. The archives of NOLA Express are now housed in the University of Connecticut. Gorski and Charles Bukowski are two of the most notable


title: Hedwig Gorski

texts:
 performance. Gorski's spoken vocals have been described as bringing her "eerie" voicing as close to singing as possible without actually singing. The compositions written for each poem by D'Jalma Garnier ranged from jazz to country and western to rock and roll

Style
Unlike the Beats, Gorski wrote her stylized narrative and moody lyrical poetry only for performance with the music composed by D'Jalma Garnier specifically for each poem. The poetry was meant for audio distribution only, especially for the radio (as opposed to print).Her radical art school background influenced her fondness for performance text and the concept behind the manner of distribution. Though she received a degree in painting from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (NSCAD) in Canada, she did not like the elitism of the gallery circuit. She transferred her love of images into a poetics that also incorporated the anti-capitalist, socialist un-doings found in performance art and conceptual art. <mask>, along with Vito Acconci, is considered one of the most notable graduates of NSCAD. She was directly influenced by Allen Ginsberg's "Howl". They had a friendly enmity after he jeered one of her early readings at Naropa University during the Jack Kerouac Disembodied Poetics Conference in the 1980s. One of her early idols was Bob Dylan because she admired the "surreal images and obscured meanings in a language that rolled off the tongue."The passion and flow in the vocals matched those she heard on reel-to-reel tapes by Dylan Thomas, the Welsh poet who initially inspired her. Bob Dylan came to Gorski's final reading/performance in Austin at the Mexic-Arte Museum's


title: Hedwig Gorski

texts:
 Acoustic Festival in late 1992 after his concert at the Austin Opry House. Publications and recordings
The first publication of her performance poems is titled Snatches of the Visible Unreal from Backyard Press, which is also the title of her first audio cassette recording. Another chapbook titled Polish Gypsy with Ghost contains a vinyl recording. The second audio cassette release is titled East of Eden Band, for which Gorski used the name Hedwig G-G. Her poems received music lyric awards, rather than literature awards, though she never sang. In a career that eschewed elitism, she used her own success to help produce and promote the recording of other non-academic vocal poets including raúlrsalinas, Roxy Gordon, and Joy Cole.Several other print collections of poetry were produced in limited additions, including Early breakfast with <mask> Gorski and The East of Eden Band Songbook. A remastered CD, containing a selection of radio recordings by Gorski and East of Eden from live broadcasts was released in 2009, called Send in the Clown. The archival and remastered recordings by Hedwig <mask>® and East of Eden Band along with a radio drama, Thirteen Donuts, which she wrote and directed for KRVS-FM and simulcast on the web, are available for download on iTunes. A more extensive listing of creative and scholarly publications and productions by the artist-poet is available online (see Hedwig Gorski's online CV with permission request from official website). Awards
 2011 Finalist in 2011 National Poetry Series
 2004 Southern Artistry Award
 2003 Fulbright Scholar at University of Wroclaw, Poland
 2002 Artist Fellowship in Audio Media, Louisiana

masks: Hedwig Gorski


title: Hedwig Gorski

texts:
 Division of the Arts
 2001 Robert and Bernice Webb Award for Excellence in Graduate Teaching – Advanced Level. Department of English, University of Louisiana
 2001 National Audio Theatre Festivals Script Writing Competition, for Thirteen Donuts
 1994 Producer Fellowship from Corporation for Public Broadcasting at WWOZ, New Orleans
 1990 Commemoration of International Women's Day Certificate on the occasion of a University Co-Op Book Signing Honoring Women Authors
 1987 Best Use of Language Judges Award for performance poem "Mexico Solo" in Austin Music Umbrella Annual Songwriters Competition
 1986 Honorable Mention for performance poem "Glitter Streets" in Austin Music Umbrella Annual Songwriters Competition

Works

Audio recordings
 13 Donuts. CD.Original Broadcast Oct. 13, 2000 on KRVS-FM. Performed by Honors Players, U of Louisiana. Oct. 13, 2010. "Slow Paradise". Podcast by Mongo. Show Number 962. Wed., September 29, 2010.""To My Last Idol Bob Dylan". Podcast by Mongo. Show Number 714. Wed., June 9, 2010. "Mexico Solo". Podcast by Mongo. Show Number 623.Mon., November 9, 2009. Send in the Clown. Selected Performance Poetry from Live Radio Broadcasts. CD 2009
 East of Eden Band. KUT-FM Live Set. Recording and broadcast, University of Texas at Austin 1985
 "Intellectual Love", "Slow Paradise", "There's Always Something That Can Make You Happy", all from East of Eden's album Intimacies. KUT-FM Live Set.Recording and broadcast. University of Texas at Austin 1986
 Snatches of the Visible Unreal. Duets by <mask> <mask> and D'Jalma Garnier. Directed by Morgan Guidry, 1984

Video recordings
 "Teenager in Nova Scotia." Video Illustrated Poetry.


title: Hedwig Gorski

texts:
 Producer PerfectoMedia 2010
 "Rising Melodic Chords." Poem by <mask> Gorski Deconstructed by Composer D'Jalma Garnier 2008
 "Teenager in Nova Scotia."Dial-A-Poet Series. Dir. Karen Minzer. Fort Worth 1990

Theater
 Thirteen Donuts. By <mask> <mask>. Dir. William Davies.Perf. Honors Players. KRVS-FM Radio, Lafayette. LouisianaRadio.com. Oct. 13, 2000. Booby, Mama!. By <mask> <mask>.Dir. <mask> <mask>. Perf. Ex Troupe. InterArt Works, Austin. March–April 1977. Publications

Poetry
 Hi to Heaven: Best-Loved Performance Poems in English & Polish.Trans. by Janusz Zalewski. 2015. Poetique: Speak-Songbook. College Station: Slough P, Feb. 2010. . Semi-finalist for Balcones Prize (with CD). Deconstruction of Rising Melodic Chords, <mask> Gorski Poem. Composer, D'Jalma Garnier.Toxic Poetry. Second Issue. Exhibition No. 2. Jan. 2010. "Drunken Savior," "Mood Indigo." Toxic Poetry.Premier Issue. Exhibition No. 1. Aug. 2009. Karawane. No.10. Excerpts from neo-verse drama poem for voices Booby, Mama!2009. (PDF)
 "Mexico Solo." Polish American Historical Association Conference. Commemorative Broadside. Ed. Janusz Zalewski. 2008."White Colonnade Façade." Art Mag 29. Las Vegas: Limited Editions P, 2006. "Zawsze jest coś, co może uczynić cię szczęśliwym." Trans. Janusz Zalewski. Novo Okolica Poetów, 18–19.Rzeszow, Poland: 2005, 58–60. Polish Gypsy with Ghost. Austin: Shinebone P, 1993. "Slow Paradise." Poem Broadside. Photo by Mark Christal. Austin: Shinebone P, 1992.Early Breakfast with <mask> Gorski. Austin: Perfection Productions, 1992. Snatches of the Visible Unreal. Austin: Backyard P, 1991. Drama
 The Waste Land Scripted for 44 Voices. Jadzia Books.

masks: Hedwig Hedwig Gorski Hedwig Gorski Hedwig Gorski Hedwig Hedwig


title: Hedwig Gorski

texts:
 2018.Beasts and Saints: One-Act Play. Jadzia Books. 2015. 13 Donuts: An Original Radio Drama with a Multi-Cultural Twist. Jadzia Books. 2015. Booby, Mama!: Surreal Cut-Up Spoken Word, 1977. Jadzia Books. 2015. Thirteen Donuts. National Audio Theatre Festivals Annual Scriptbook 2001. Ed. Brian Price.Hempstead: NATF, 2001. 87–105. Memoir
 Intoxication: Heathcliff on Powell Street. College Station, TX: Slough P, 2007, 2009. References

External links

 An Interview with artist-poet <mask> <mask>, a multifaceted avant-garde artist of "American futurism" Interview 2013 by Greece Blues site Michalis Limnios BLUES @ GREECE. Google Sites 1978 Women's Dada Theater Verse Drama

  Poem audio "From Box to Living Room to Box"
 Currently.com - AT&T Yahoo Email, News, Sports & More Intoxication: Heathcliff on Powell Street
 Hedwig Gorski Video excerpt from East of Eden available online
 HedwigAtBricolodge1 Mark Christal's Photos of Poets and Jack Kerouac Conference
 Hedwig Gorski IMDb movie/media data
 IndieFeed: Performance Poetry : Hedwig <mask> - Mexico Solo Podcast from Wess Mongo Jolley, The IndieFeed Performance Poetry Channel. 1949 births
American performance artists
American spoken word artists
Artists from New Orleans
American contemporary artists
Artists from Austin, Texas
Writers from New Orleans
American people of Polish descent
Postmodern writers
American radio writers
American women poets
Writers from Austin, Texas
Poets from New Jersey
Living people
NSCAD University alumni
University of Louisiana at Lafayette alumni
Outlaw poets
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American poets
21st-century

masks: Hedwig Gorski Gorski


title: Aliaksei Karpiuk

texts:
<mask> (, ; 14 April 1920 in Straszewo, a village close to Gródek, Białystok County, Poland – 14 August 1992 in Grodno, Belarus) was a Belarusian writer and public figure. Between 1960 until 1960 he was a leader of the intelligentsia in Grodno and supported dissident writers in the USSR. Biography

<mask> was born into a family of farmers, his father was a supporter of the Communist Party of Western Belarus. He graduated from a Seven-Years-School in 1934 and studied at the Polish lyceum at Wilna from 1938–1939. After the lyceum was forcefully closed during the Soviet occupation of Eastern Poland on 17 September 1939, he studied at the pedagogic college of higher education in Navahrudak. After the German attack on the Soviet Union he joined a subversive group. He was imprisoned in 1942 during an act of sabotage against railroad tracks, first sent to a prison in Białystok, and later to the German concentration camp Stutthof, which later played an important role in his biography.In autumn 1943 he managed to escape. From this moment on he actively participated in partisan campaigns. In 1944 he became leader of the Kalinovski partisan unit near Grodno. From 1944–1945 Karpiuk served in the Red Army and participated in battles on Polish and German territory (Berlin, April 1945). He was wounded twice and remained a disabled ex-service man. In 1947 he joined the Communist Party of Belarus. In 1949 he graduated from the Pedagogical High School of Grodno in the subject of English

masks:
Aliaksei Karpiuk
Aliaksei Karpiuk


title: Aliaksei Karpiuk

texts: Language.From 1949 to 1951 he worked in the Office for People's Education in Sapockino and was a director of the Biskup-Seven-Year-School in Vaŭkavysk district. 1953 he published his first work "At an Institute". Since 1953 he was a member of the Association of Writers of the USSR. 1953–1955 he worked in Grodno at the Pedagogical High School, 1955–1957 at the regional newspaper "Hrodnenskaya Prawda" and as correspondent of the newspaper "Literature and Art". In 1961 he attended advanced training courses for literature in Moscow and became director of the Inturist agency in Grodno. 1965 he became secretary of the Grodno branch of the Writers Association of the USSR, 1977-1971 he was director of the "Republican Museum for Atheism and History" in Grodno (one of the most national conscious museums of Belarus during soviet times). 1978 he was elected again as secretary of the Grodno branch of the Writers Association of the USSR.In the second half of the eighties he was actively engaged in the public and social life in Grodno. He was a supporter of the Belarusian Popular Front (BNF), one of the founders of the Society of Belarusians of the World "Backaushchyna" and maintained contacts to the club "Pahodnja". <mask> <mask> is known for his works about the life in the Western part of Belarus in the first half of the twentieth century – this topic allowed for a depiction of national history under the conditions of Soviet censorship (short story "Danuta", novel "Verschalainski

masks: Aliaksei Karpiuk


title: Aliaksei Karpiuk

texts:
 Paradise" and others) In the Grodno of 1960–1970 a free thinking intelligentsia gathered around <mask> Karpiuk. Some of its members where (at various times) Vasil Bykau, Danuta Bichel-Zagnetava, Volga Ipatava, Branislau Rsheuski. <mask> <mask> himself actively distributed forbidden literature in the USSR, and had correspondence with Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (to whom he sent his works "Candle in the Wind", "Right Hand", "What a pity" for printing). Karpiuk had contacts to the family Genijush. Karpiuk's telephone conversations were wiretapped, his flat was secretly searched.Once he was warned on time and managed to destroy incriminating material – letters by Solzhenitsyn, Samizdat literature. As his wife recalled, "illegal literature was assembled at night time and drowned in water ... but some materials survived." Honors

Karpiuk was awarded the Order of the Red Flag, the Order of the Patriotic War (first and second class), various medals, the Golden Cross of the Polish order Wojenny Virtuti Militari and the Order of Cultural Merit of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR) and in 1986 received the Literature-Ivan-Melesh award of the BSSR

Bibliography
 Two Pines (orig. : /Dzve sasny) (1958)
 Danuta (orig. : ) (1960)
 My Hrodna county (orig. : /Maja Hrodzenščyna) (1960)
 Forest odyssey (orig. : /Puščanskaja adyseja) (1964)
 What we are worth (Library of the journal "Voice of the homeland", 1970)
 Traces on Earth: Treasures and conquests of my Hrodna county

masks: Aliaksei Aliaksei Karpiuk


title: Hank Gathers

texts:
Eric Wilson "<mask><mask>. (February 11, 1967 – March 4, 1990) was an American college basketball player for the Loyola Marymount Lions in the West Coast Conference (WCC). As a junior in 1989, he became the second player in NCAA Division I history to lead the nation in scoring and rebounding in the same season. Gathers was a consensus second-team All-American as a senior in 1990. His No. 44 was retired by the Lions, who also placed a statue of him in his honor outside their home arena Gersten Pavilion. Gathers began his college career with the USC Trojans, but transferred with teammate Bo Kimble to Loyola Marymount after his freshman year. Playing under Lions coach Paul Westhead and his fast-paced system, Gathers was a three-time first-team All-WCC selection.In his first season at Loyola Marymount University (LMU), he earned the first of two consecutive most valuable player (MVP) honors in the WCC Tournament. As a junior, he was named the WCC Player of the Year and began receiving All-American recognition. Early in his senior year in 1989–90, Gathers was diagnosed with an abnormal heartbeat after he collapsed during a game. He was placed on medication and returned a few weeks later, but he initially struggled, which he attributed to his medication. The dosage was gradually decreased, and his play recovered. Gathers died at age 23 after collapsing for the second time that season during the semifinals of the 1990 WCC Tournament. Early life
Gathers was born to Lucille and <mask> Sr. in Philadelphia.Growing up in the Raymond Rosen Projects, one of the toughest neighborhoods in Philadelphia, he stayed out of trouble by playing basketball. Gathers played prep ball at Dobbins Technical High School, located among the housing projects in North Philadelphia. He was joined on the team by his younger brother, <mask>, Bo Kimble and Doug Overton. The Mustangs reached the Philadelphia Public League championship game in consecutive

masks:
Hank
" Gathers Jr
Eric Gathers
Derrick Gathers


title: Hank Gathers

texts:
 and was awarded the WCC Tournament MVP. In the 1988–89 season, Gathers became the second player in NCAA Division I history to lead the nation in scoring and rebounding in the same season, averaging 32.7 points and 13.7 rebounds per game. He was named WCC Player of the Year and again won the WCC Tournament MVP. On December 30, 1988, he scored a career-high 49 points along with 26 rebounds in a 130–125 win over Nevada. After the season, he decided against declaring for the NBA draft.As a senior in 1989–90, he was a candidate for national player of the year and projected as an NBA lottery pick. <mask>'s head coach while at LMU, Paul Westhead, had instituted an extraordinarily fast-paced game plan. On offense, the Lions took numerous three-point shots, and typically shot the ball within 10 seconds of gaining possession. Their defense was a full-court press designed to force their opponents into a frenzied up-and-down game. <mask>'s teams led Division I in scoring in 1988 (110.3 points per game), 1989 (112.5), and 1990 (122.4). LMU's 122.4 point per game in 1990 is still a record as of April 2012. As of April 2012, Loyola Marymount held the five highest combined score games in Division I history.Four of the five occurred during <mask>'s career, including a record 331 in the 181–150 win over United States International University on January 31, 1989. At  and , Gathers was Loyola Marymount's strongest inside player. He had a high field goal percentage because he seldom shot from beyond . He used his power and quickness for follow-up baskets and scoring on fast breaks. "I don't care much about the points," said Gathers. "In fact, I should lead the nation in scoring because of my rebounding. Anybody can score 30 points a night if that's what he's concentrating on.But rebounding is special because it comes from the heart." Heart condition and death
On December 9, 1989, Gathers collapsed at an LMU home game against UC Santa

masks: Gathers Gathers Gathers


title: Hank Gathers

texts: Barbara. He was found to have an abnormal heartbeat (exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia), and was prescribed a beta blocker, Inderal. However, Gathers felt that the medication adversely affected his play, and his dosage was gradually cut back. Originally prescribed at 240 milligrams per day, his Inderal dosage was cut to 40 mg per day over the next three months. Gathers returned after sitting out for three weeks and missing two games, and he averaged 29.3 minutes and 29.15 points in his 20 games through the remainder of the season. However, he struggled with his play for weeks after returning.His play recovered in a nationally televised game against LSU on February 3, 1990, when he scored 48 points along with 13 rebounds while being guarded by future NBA first-round draft picks Stanley Roberts and Shaquille O'Neal in a 148–141 overtime loss. The Lions won seven of their next eight games, and Gathers recorded a career-high 30 rebounds against Saint Mary's. On February 26, 1990, as the WCC Tournament neared, Gathers's medication was reduced one last time from 80 to 40 mg, on the condition that he undergo testing in a couple of days to determine if it was safe and effective at suppressing the arrhythmias. He did not show up for his test that week and avoided calls from his cardiologist's office. On March 2, he had a long talk with the cardiologist, who told him to play and come in for the testing after the tournament concluded. It was later suspected Gathers was not taking any dosage on game days. The following day in the WCC tournament quarterfinals in Los Angeles, he recorded 28 points and 11 rebounds in a 121–84 win over Gonzaga.On Sunday, March 4, <mask> collapsed again with 13:34 left in the first half of the semifinal game against the Portland Pilots. He had just scored a dunk on an alley-oop pass from point guard Terrell Lowery that put the Lions up 25–13. Thirteen seconds later while positioned around midcourt


title: Hank Gathers

texts:
 in the Lions' fullcourt press, he collapsed a yard or two away from Pilots point guard Erik Spoelstra. He attempted to get up, telling the athletic trainers, "I don't want to lay down!" Shortly after, he stopped breathing. Gathers was pronounced dead at a nearby hospital at 6:55 PM PST. He was 23 years old.Minutes after Gathers was taken to the hospital, the WCC commissioner suspended the game indefinitely. ESPN broadcast graphic footage of <mask>'s collapse on SportsCenter; the network was at the game recording advance footage for the championship game it was scheduled to televise the next night. Late that night, the WCC canceled the tournament and awarded Loyola the conference's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament due to its WCC regular season title. Gathers was buried at the Mount Lawn Cemetery in Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania. An autopsy found that he suffered from a heart-muscle disorder, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. His family later filed a $32.5 million lawsuit charging negligence. Loyola Marymount settled out of court for $1.4 million, while the cardiologist who treated Gathers settled for $1 million.Legacy
Loyola Marymount was placed in the West Regional as the No. 11 seed in that season's NCAA tournament. Before the tournament, the right-handed Kimble vowed to shoot his first free throw of each game left-handed, in memory of Gathers. Though naturally right-handed, Gathers was a poor free-throw shooter and had switched to shooting them left-handed. The Lions advanced to the Elite Eight, including a victory over defending national champion Michigan, before falling to the eventual champions, UNLV. Kimble finished a perfect 3-for-3 on his left-handed free throws during the tournament. Both LMU's Cinderella story without Gathers and Kimble's left-handed tributes to him became part of NCAA tournament lore.<mask> was named a consensus second-team All-America and first team All-WCC selection for the season. He finished

masks: Gathers Gathers


title: Hank Gathers

texts: his career averaging 28.0 points and making 59 percent of his field goals, which were both school records as of 2010. He also averaged 11.1 rebounds for his career. He was voted WCC Player of the Decade for the 1980s. Gersten Pavilion, LMU's on-campus athletics facility, is known to Lions fans as "Hank's House", although that is not part of its official name. His No. 44 and Kimble's No.30 were retired by LMU in a joint ceremony in 2000. In 2005, the entire 1989–90 team was inducted into Loyola Marymount's Hall of Fame. On February 29, 2020, four days before the 30th anniversary of his death, a statue of Gathers was unveiled outside Gersten Pavilion. The statue was created by Rotblatt-Amrany, which designed multiple statues outside of the Staples Center in Los Angeles, as well as the Michael Jordan statue in Chicago. Gathers's life was dramatized in a 1992 TV movie, Final Shot: The <mask> Story, with Victor Love starring as Gathers. Gathers was part of the storyline in the ESPN film Guru of Go about Westhead, part of their 30 for 30 series. <mask>'s death reemerged in national news wires during the 2016 NBA Playoffs when Kimble, interviewed for the celebrity gossip website TMZ.com, urged that Miami Heat star Chris Bosh retire for health reasons.Bosh has been suffering from blood clotting issues that forced him to miss the last several months of both the 2014–15 and 2015–16 seasons, as well as the entirety of the 2016–17 season. While Bosh felt that he was healthy enough to continue playing, Kimble disagreed:There are so many other things he could do with his life. <mask>s had the same thing, <mask> could have been a comedian, and actor or did speaking engagements. It's not worth the risk. I would just say absolutely not, don't do it. If <mask> had the ability to do it again he wouldn't have paid the ultimate price ... I am sure [Bosh] has children and they are going to need their father around as much as possible.Crump

masks:
Hank Gathers
Gathers
Hank Gather
Hank
Hank


title: Hank Gathers

texts:
 received a reported $1.5 million from Gathers's wrongful-death lawsuits. He gained control of the money when he turned 18. It became a problem for Crump, who later described himself as a "young black male with no guidance" at that time. He pleaded guilty to aggravated assault with a weapon, and was in a state prison from 2007 until 2012. Crump became a salesperson. He also mentors children through the Hank Gathers Legacy Group that he founded. <mask>'s nephew, D. J. Rivera, played college basketball and led the America East Conference in scoring with the Binghamton Bearcats in 2008–09, when they won the conference for the first time and earned a bid to the NCAA tournament.Another nephew, <mask>, earned a bachelor's degree at St. Bonaventure University and played three seasons for their Bonnies basketball team from 2011 to 2014. He played a final season with Butler in 2015–16 as a graduate transfer. See also
Sudden cardiac death of athletes
List of basketball players who died during their careers
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season rebounding leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball season scoring leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2,000 points and 1,000 rebounds

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

LMU Lions bio

Remembering a fallen Lion, 20 years later
Stan Hochman: <mask>s still touching friends, strangers 20 years after his death
Poole: <mask>s had heart until he died, 20 years ago Thursday
March 4, 1990: <mask>s collapses, a day I will never forget as a reporter
Twenty Years After: <mask>s Stirs Memories for His Family

1967 births
1990 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Philadelphia
Burials in Pennsylvania
Deaths from cardiomyopathy
Filmed deaths in sports
Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Sports deaths in California
USC Trojans men's

masks:
Gathers
Jordan Gathers
Hank Gather
Hank Gather
Hank Gather
Hank Gather


title: Ernest Procter

texts:
<mask>  (22 March 1885–21 October 1935) was an English designer, illustrator and painter, and husband of artist <mask>. He was actively involved with the Newlyn School, partner of the Harvey-Procter School and an instructor at the Glasgow School of Art. Personal life and education
<mask> was born into a Quaker family in Tynemouth, Northumberland. His father, <mask> was an eminent scientist and a Leeds University professor who specialised in leather chemistry. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Society. Edward painted his father's portrait. <mask>, like his father, attended school first in York at the Quaker Bootham School.From 1907 to 1910 he was a student of Stanhope Forbes at the Forbes' School of Painting in Newlyn, Cornwall. He contributed to the school's publication, The Paper Chase in 1908 and 1909, was an assistant to Stanhope and Elizabeth Forbes, and was a successful, well-respected student. At Forbes' <mask> met his future wife Doris "Dod" Shaw; They were "amongst the Forbes' star pupils." In 1910 and 1911 <mask> studied in Paris at Atelier Colarossi. Dod Shaw was also a student at Atelier Colarossi. <mask> and Dod were both influenced by Impressionism and Post-impressionism and the artists that they met in France, such as Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Paul Cézanne. In 1912 <mask> married Dod at the church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, Paris.They had a son together named Bill and stayed in Paris until 1918. Influential artists' works

In 1918 <mask> and his wife returned to Newlyn, where they primarily lived from that point onward. On 21 October 1935, after years of high blood pressure, <mask> died of a cerebral haemorrhage in North Shields, County Durham,

masks:
Ernest Procter
Dod Procter
Ernest Procter
Henry Richardson Procter
Procter
Procter
Procter
Ernest
Procter
Procter
Procter


title: Ernest Procter

texts:
 while travelling. First World War
During the First World War <mask> was a conscientious objector, serving with the Friends' Ambulance Unit in Dunkirk from April 1916 until February 1919. Career
After the war Dod and <mask> returned to Newlyn, where <mask> was a member of the Newlyn Society of Artists. In 1920 <mask> and Harold Harvey established the Harvey-Procter School. They taught painting of still life, figures and landscapes in watercolour and oil.He and his wife, accepted a commission to decorate the Kokine Palace, Rangoon, in 1919 and 1920. <mask> created in 1931 what he called Diaphenicons, which were "painted and glazed decorations that provided their own light source." Leicester Galleries exhibited these works. The Glasgow School of Art appointed him Director of Studies in Design and Craft in 1934. Works
<mask>'s works included portraits and landscapes. Paintings
 All the Fun of the Fair
 Aphrodite
 Delphiniums, 1907** Earth, Water, Fire, Air, 1928
 Feather leaves, 1934, a painted ceramic plate, Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Helston Flora Dance, 1926
 Mother & Child, 1924
 Malo Gate, Dunkirk, 1924
 Night and Evening
 Porthgwarra, oil on canvas, Penlee House Gallery and Museum.Rising Tide, 1936, Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Spring Hawthorn
 The Edge of the Shadow, 1921, for a Royal Academy Exhibition
 The Four Elements
 The Mischievous Boy
 The Road to Sancreed
 The Terrace, 1921
 The Zodiac, 1925, oil on canvas, Tate
 Those Who Dare
 Versailles, 1921

Portraits
 Sir Thomas Beecham, 2nd Bt
 Sir Thomas Beecham Conducting A Mass of Life at the Queen's Hall, 1929
Frederick Delius
 Group including Frederick Delius and Philip Arnold Heseltine

masks:
Procter
Ernest Procter
Ernest
Ernest
Procter
Procter


title: Ernest Procter

texts:
 Sir Landon Ronald

Church or other commissions
 St Mary's Church altar screen, Chapel Street, Penzance – which in 1985 was destroyed during a fire
 Kokine Palace decorations, Rangoon, 1920 with his wife Dod. St Hilary Church, Cornwall:
 Depicted St Mawes, St Kevin and St Neot for the St Hilary Church pulpit
 Reredos of the Altar of the Dead for the St Hilary Church
 Visitation, 1933, St Hilary Church
 Deposition, 1935, St Hilary Church
 Dod also made works for the St Hilary Church. <mask> and Dod's works are still on view at the church. World War I
 Étaples, The Convoy Yard, 1918, pencil and watercolour, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920
 Nissen Huts, St Omer, chalk and gouache, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920
 The Interior of a Garage, Boulogne, pastel drawing, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920
 The Interior of the BRCS and Order of St John Garage, Boulogne, pastel drawing, Imperial War Museum, Gift of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St John of Jerusalem, 1920

Book illustrations and other works
 Crowns Mine, Botallack, pencil drawing. Penlee House Gallery and Museum. In Newlyn (untitled).Penlee House Gallery and Museum. No Breakfast for Growler, 1901, book illustrations. Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Young Witches at Play in the Night Sky, pastel drawing. Penlee House Gallery and Museum. Museums and galleries
His works are part of collections at the Imperial War Museum, Tate, Leeds, Newcastle, Penlee House Gallery and Museum, and Worthing /