title: Temple Clark

texts:
 Garfield was elected president, he appointed <mask> to a clerkship position in the United States Department of Agriculture, where he remained until his death in 1893. <mask> was buried with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. Personal life and family

Although his father, Major Satterlee <mask>, was well-regarded early in his military career, he suffered from alcoholism. Major <mask> was dismissed from service in 1824, and was considered a debtor to the government due to poor bookkeeping as paymaster in Utica.Shortly after his firing, he wrote in the press under the pseudonym "Hancock" making allegations of corruption against the man who had fired him, Secretary of War John C. Calhoun. The allegations resulted in a congressional investigation of Calhoun during his time as Vice President of the United States. Major <mask> ultimately received a favorable judgement from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, restoring some of the pay which had been withheld from him. <mask> was the youngest of five children born to <mask> and Frances Whitcroft. His eldest brother, Satterlee <mask>, Jr., was a prominent leader of the Democratic Party in Wisconsin and stridently opposed to the Civil War, he served ten years in the Wisconsin State Senate through the 1860s. His sister, Frances, married Joseph B. Plummer, who was <mask>'s superior officer in the Army of the Mississippi. <mask>'s grandfather was <mask>, an American militia officer in the American Revolutionary War who rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.Notes

References

External links
 Arlington National Cemetery

1826 births
1893 deaths
Wisconsin state senators
Wisconsin Democrats
Wisconsin lawyers
19th-century American politicians
People from Oneida County, New York
People from Manitowoc County, Wisconsin
United States Army personnel
Union Army officers
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
United States Department of Agriculture people
United States Secret Service agents
Military personnel from

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Major Clark
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Isaac Clark


title: David Bohnett

type: original

texts:
<mask><mask> (born April 2, 1956) is an American philanthropist and technology entrepreneur. He is the founder and chairman of the David Bohnett Foundation, a non-profit, grant-making organization devoted to improving society through social activism. <mask> founded the pioneering social networking site GeoCities in 1994; the highly successful site went public via an IPO in 1998, and was acquired by Yahoo! in 1999. Since then he has invested in technology start-ups via Baroda Ventures, a Los Angeles–based venture capital firm he started in 1998. Early life, education, and early career
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1956, and grew up in Hinsdale, an affluent Chicago suburb, with Republican parents. His father was a business executive and his mother was a preschool teacher.His sister <mask> Campbell is a past president of the board of the Dayton Philharmonic, and his brother William is a retired corporate attorney and was on the national board of the Smithsonian Institution from 2009–2018. Bohnett was interested in business at an early age, selling Amway products and delivering newspapers. In high school he became fascinated by computers, and chose to attend college at the University of Southern California – where he received a BS in business administration – because it was one of the few universities at the time with a computer science program. He put himself through college by waiting tables, guiding tours at Universal Studios, and other service jobs. In his youth, Bohnett experienced the isolation and pain of being gay, first in his conservative suburban hometown, and then in 1978 in college when his first lover, from a small-town Indiana Catholic family, committed suicide. Bohnett became active in gay rights at graduate school at the University of Michigan, beginning in the fall of 1978 as a hotline counselor at the Jim Toy–founded University of Michigan Lesbian and Gay Male Program Office, now called the Spectrum Center. As an openly gay MBA student, he volunteered to go to freshman psychology classes and, looking like an average Midwesterner, said to

masks:
David C
. Bohnett
Bohnett
Bohnett
Wendy Bohnett


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 the students, "I'm gay, ask me anything."He received his MBA in finance from University of Michigan's Ross School of Business in 1980. When he returned to Los Angeles after graduate school, he became involved with GLAAD and the Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center, came out to his parents, and in 1983 entered a longterm relationship with fellow activist and openly gay judge Rand Schrader, 11 years his senior. When Schrader died in the AIDS epidemic in 1993, <mask>, like many surviving same-sex partners prior to marriage equality, was left with no legal spousal benefits and a significant estate tax bill. He did however receive $386,000 from Schrader's life insurance. <mask> had been a staff information systems consultant at Arthur Andersen from 1980 to 1983 and, unable to be openly gay in that world, he had left to work at software companies instead. As his career in software was progressing, and shortly after Schrader's death, he searched for a way to tie together the software and activist sides of his life. Around this time the World Wide Web was just starting to be introduced, and he felt compelled to be a part of it.Internet career

GeoCities
In 1994 <mask>'s business and software expertise, and his interest in giving people a voice and a chance to meet people of similar interests, led him to develop GeoCities.com, with John Rezner as co-founder and chief technical officer. GeoCities was the one of the first web hosting companies and one of the first social networking sites on the internet, an early forerunner of MySpace and Facebook. It allowed users to engage in a variety of innovative activities – create their own free webpages, organized into communities of interest; connect with others online; express their passions, creativity, and individuality; and engage in e-commerce. The site grew very rapidly, receiving millions of users who set up webpages; at its peak it ultimately reached 38 million pages, created by individual users. GeoCities was the first large internet venture built on user-generated content, and in 2008 TechRadar cited it as #2 in its list

masks: Bohnett Bohnett Bohnett


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 of "20 websites that changed the world". By 1997 it was the fifth most popular site on the internet, with over one million users. The company went public in 1998, nearly doubling its initial share price in its first day of trading; <mask> used the increased funding to add various features including a search engine, numerous tools and templates which made page creation easy and which completely bypassed any need for HTML coding, and social tools which made it easy to interact.GeoCities also hosted business sites, sites for world news, and shopping sites. By December 1998 it was the third most visited internet site, and had 41 theme-based interest categories called "neighborhoods", whose topics ranged to areas as varied as fan fiction, fine dining, arts and literature, campus life, computers and technology, investing and finance, individual sports and recreational activities, education and philosophy, politics, family, kids' interests, chat and romance, the environment, travel, home life, cooking, health, fan pages, entertainment genres, women, and multiple international-interest pages. Yahoo! Inc. purchased GeoCities during the dotcom boom in 1999 for $3.57 billion, and <mask> netted about $300 million. Baroda Ventures
By 1998 <mask>'s success with GeoCities allowed him to begin investing in other technology companies, and he founded Baroda Ventures, a Los Angeles–based venture capital firm which makes early-stage investments in tech-related ventures. Baroda's investments focus mainly on consumer internet, e-commerce, mobile, SaaS, and digital media industries, with a particular interest in companies based in Los Angeles. Some of Baroda's investments have included SteelHouse, Retention Science, ID90T, Surf Air, DogVacay, and Gamesville.<mask> has become actively involved in many of Baroda's investment vehicles. These include NetZero, Stamps.com, Xdrive, LowerMyBills.com, Wireimage, OVGuide, FilmOn, and Online Partners (the parent company of Gay.com). In each of these he has maintained a significant investment stake, directorship, and active involvement with the

masks: Bohnett Bohnett Bohnett Bohnett


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 entrepreneurs and management team. He has also been a board member of NCR Corporation. Philanthropic activities

David Bohnett Foundation

Immediately after selling his popular internet social-network company GeoCities to Yahoo! in 1999, <mask> turned his attention to activism. He created the David Bohnett Foundation, "a nonprofit grant-making organization focused on providing resources for organizations pursuing societal change and social justice through activism", with an initial endowment of $32million.According to the Los Angeles Times Magazine, he "invests where he can actually improve lives, empower individuals and build viable communities in meaningful ways". To serve as executive director and strategist for his foundation he hired Michael Fleming, who had been a media leader for the American Civil Liberties Union. The David Bohnett Foundation is devoted to improving society through community-building and social activism, and it provides funding, state-of-the-art technology, and technical support to relevant innovative organizations and institutions. As of 2020, the foundation had donated more than $121 million. Its current primary funding areas are:

The Fund for Los Angeles, which supports a broad spectrum of arts, educational, and civic programs in Los Angeles
LGBT-related causes
AIDS services and research
Voting rights and voter registration
Gun violence prevention
Animal research and animal rights

The foundation also funds graduate-school civic internship and leadership programs at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (an LGBT-related program), the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy at the University of Michigan, the Robert F. Wagner Graduate School of Public Service at New York University, and the UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs. In Detroit, New York City, and Los Angeles, the graduate students receive positions in the mayor's office, and their stipends and tuition are paid for by the Bohnett Foundation. These paid student interns have been involved in policy analysis and implementation, assisting speech


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 writing, evaluating department heads, reducing homelessness, and other initiatives.Several former Bohnett mayoral fellows occupy management positions in the cities where they had interned, and in 2014 Stephanie Chang, a Bohnett fellow from the University of Michigan, became the first Asian-American woman elected to the Michigan state legislature. In 2000, the foundation's first full year, it donated $2 million to LGBT organizations, AIDS services, gun control programs, and voter registration initiatives. Bohnett's initial grants included large donations to GLAAD, the Family Equality Council, and the Human Rights Campaign. A prime aim for Bohnett is to "create an environment which destigmatizes homosexuality", and to that end he has funded national gay rights organizations and local LGBT organizations and centers across the U.S. The nationwide LGBT centers he has funded and created include numerous LGBT CyberCenters – safe-haven internet cafes where LGBT young people and seniors, and disadvantaged, troubled, or closeted gays, can find support and resources, including computers and internet access. Bohnett created the first CyberCenter in 1998, and as of 2014 there were over 60 David Bohnett CyberCenters in the U.S., including locations in Atlanta, Tulsa, Orlando, Salt Lake City, Dallas, Tucson, Seattle, San Francisco, and New York City. Since 2004 each CyberCenter has been updated every three to four years.<mask>'s total non-political LGBT giving from 1999 through mid 2014 was $17 million. In 2018 the Bohnett Foundation, along with the Gill Foundation, partnered with the Biden Foundation and the YMCA of the USA in a joint three-year effort to foster LGBTQ inclusion and equity at YMCA locations nationwide. Additional philanthropy and directorships
<mask> was a founding member of the Los Angeles chapter of the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD). He focused its strategy on lobbying entertainment and media companies to produce positive representations of gays. His motivation in supporting positive media portrayals was in part to help people feel

masks: Bohnett Bohnett


title: David Bohnett

texts: more comfortable about coming out. <mask> has been a trustee of amfAR (The Foundation for AIDS Research) since 2006, and was honored with an amfAR Award of Courage in 2006. He donated $1million to amfAR's 2014/2015 Countdown for a Cure drive for an end to AIDS by 2020.In addition to his personal and foundation philanthropy, <mask> was the chairman of the Los Angeles Philharmonic Association from 2008 to 2013, and he was instrumental in recruiting Gustavo Dudamel to become the orchestra's music director. He was vice chairman of the LA Phil from 2013 to late 2015, and is currently on the orchestra's board of directors. His enthusiasm for involvement with the LA Phil was sparked by the opening of the Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2003, and he began major donations, totaling $3.5 million by July 2014, which helped the orchestra reach underserved communities and broaden and diversify its programming and activities. His chairmanship of the LA Phil brought music education, musical resources, and free instruments to LA's least-privileged areas. He has been a champion of the LA Phil's Youth Orchestra Los Angeles (YOLA) since its inception. In December 2014, Bohnett donated $20million to the  LA Philharmonic. $10million of that endowed the <mask><mask> Presidential Chair, ensuring that the orchestra will always have the funds to recruit and pay a first-rate President and Chief Executive Officer.The other $10million created the <mask> C. Bohnett Presidential Fund for Discovery and Innovation, to make the LA Phil a "model" 21st-century orchestra through innovative programming; new audience development, including via digital routes; and social responsibility. In 2015, the <mask> bequest co-funded a first-of-its-kind virtual reality (VR) mobile four-minute concert performance of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony, housed in a van and featuring an immersive experience of Dudamel conducting the symphony, which toured for two months to communities and young people who do not usually come to the Walt Disney Concert Hall; the VAN Beethoven experience was also made available as a free app

masks:
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Bohnett
David C
. Bohnett
David
Bohnett


title: David Bohnett

texts: called Orchestra VR in the Oculus Rift and Samsung VR app stores. He is a trustee of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA), and made a major gift to LACMA to name its Ahmanson Building atrium the David Bohnett Foundation Atrium. From 2001 through 2014, the Bohnett Foundation donated $8.8million to LACMA. He is the former board chairman (2015–2017), and the current chairman of the executive committee, of the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts. In 2012 he was appointed by President Barack Obama as a trustee of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, and in 2015 the David Bohnett Foundation donated $5million to the Kennedy Center for its Expansion Project. He is also a founding supporter of the Southampton Arts Center.He is on the board of trustees of the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago. In the film industry, through his foundation <mask> funded the restoration and DVD of the landmark 1977 film Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives, which featured interviews with 26 gay men and women. It was the first feature-length documentary film about gay identity made by gay filmmakers, and there was no viable print of it remaining. The restoration and DVD were done for the film's 30th anniversary; the restored and remastered film premiered in 2008 and the DVD was released in 2010. He was executive producer of the 2005 documentary Little Man, about a micro-preemie boy who was born 100 days too early and weighed only one pound at birth. <mask> also made a major financial contribution to the 2007 documentary For the Bible Tells Me So, about homosexuality and its perceived conflict with Christianity. He was the executive producer of Political Animals, a 2016 documentary about the struggles of openly gay politicians.He co-funded and co-sponsored the drive to continue the manufacture of peel-apart instant film. The initiative, headed by photographer Florian Kaps and the group New55, is relaunching 4×5-inch color peel-apart film and will manufacture other types of packfilm. <mask> is on the board of trustees of the Brookings


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 Institution. He is on the board of directors of the Los Angeles World Affairs Council, and is on the board of trustees of the University of Southern California. His directorship involvements also include having been a board member of the California Community Foundation. In 2016 <mask> donated $15million to the USC Village at the University of Southern California. The endowment will fund the David C. Bohnett Residential College, which will focus on social justice and community service.The Bohnett College will be a student community that integrates living and learning for up to 320 students, plus faculty-in-residence and support staff. The $15million donation also established a leadership fund at the USC's Price School of Public Policy for a two-year fellowship in public policy at the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors. It will also endow a chair in social entrepreneurship at the USC Marshall School of Business. <mask> is also a co-founder of the Lake Agawam Conservation Association in Southampton, New York, dedicated to rehabilitation of Lake Agawam and promoting environmentally sensitive riparian stewardship. Political involvement
Through his foundation and his personal efforts, <mask> has long been politically active nationally, supporting and donating to political causes, ventures, and people he believes in strongly. His main areas of political donation and support have included LGBT politics, gun violence prevention, diversity empowerment supporting African American and Latino political involvement, political leadership training, voter registration, and the Democratic Party. His LGBT rights political activism and support has included being a pioneer proponent for same-sex marriage: In the fall of 2000, at a political fundraiser at his home in Los Angeles that included a number of U.S. senators, he called for full equality for gays and lesbians, including same-sex marriage, and in 2004 he co-funded the Civil Marriage Collaborative  to support marriage equality.He has supported major initiatives and donations to boost openly gay political leadership. The


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 Bohnett Foundation has in particular been a major and long-term supporter of the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund, especially its LGBT Leadership Fellows aimed at training LGBT leaders for state and local governments; as of 2017 the Bohnett Leaders Fellowship at the Victory Institute has sent 118 LGBT leaders to the Harvard Kennedy School's Senior Executives in State and Local Government program since 2002. The <mask>ett LGBTQ Leaders Fellowship alumni have included Kyrsten Sinema, the first openly bisexual U.S. congressperson, and Annise Parker, one of the first openly gay mayors of a major U.S. city (Houston). <mask> has made numerous personal political donations at a state level in California politics. In 1999 he donated $300,000 to help defeat Proposition 22, a March 2000 California ballot measure to limit marriage to heterosexuals. He was among the top 40 donors to California politics from 2001 through 2011. He was the single biggest funder of efforts to stop Proposition 8 in 2008, donating more than $1 million to the campaign to defeat it.He has supported a campaign to amend the 1978 property tax–capping initiative Proposition 13, on the grounds that it has negatively impacted California's fiscal health, affecting its schools, universities, fire and police departments, and other public institutions. Bohnett has also advocated for the FCC's 2016 proposal to implement open technologies for the current set-top box technologies, which would break the corporate monopoly on cable and satellite companies' high-priced and controlled content of television programming and other video content. Honors
Bohnett's technology business success and his philanthropic efforts have garnered him numerous honors and accolades. These include, among many others:

Number 16 on Times Top 50 Cyber Elite (1998)
Upside magazine's Elite 100 (1998)
Newsweeks "100 People to Watch in the Next Millennium"
Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award for Southern California (1999)
Los Angeles Gay and Lesbian Center's Rand Schrader Award (1999)
Los Angeles Business Journals Technology Leader of

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Bohnett


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 the Year (2000)
ACLU Citizen Advocate Award (2002)
amfAR Award of Courage (2006)
Los Angeles City of Angels Award (2008)
GLSEN's Lifetime Achievement Award (2009)
Honorary doctorate of Humane Letters from Whittier College (2012)
American Jewish Committee Los Angeles' Ira E. Yellin Community Leadership Award (2014)
Brady Bear Award from the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence (2016)
Los Angeles Business Journals LA 500: The Most Influential People in Los Angeles (2017)

In 2013, Out magazine listed Bohnett as one of the "Seven notables coming up fast" appended to its "Power 50" list. In 2014, Inside Philanthropy listed him as one of the 12 Most Generous Tech Leaders. In 2018, Interesting Engineering listed him in the "27 Most Successful LGBT+ Entrepreneurs, Executives and Opinion Leaders". Earlier in his career, he was invited to the White House by President Bill Clinton as part of his administration's efforts to encourage the development of electronic commerce over the Internet.He was named a Regents' Lecturer at the University of California, Los Angeles for the 1999 to 2000 academic year. Personal life
<mask> lives in Los Angeles, and maintains residences in Manhattan and Southampton, New York. In the Hamptons he is on the advisory council of the non-profit i-Hamptons, a networking organization and hub for entrepreneurs, and is on the advisory board of its project The Spur, a private co-working space and innovation lab with two locations in the Hamptons. From 1983 through Schrader's death in 1993, he lived with fellow activist and openly gay judge Rand Schrader. In the 2000s, he lived for over a decade with entertainment and socio-political commentator and columnist Tom Gregory; they are no longer together. An accomplished bridge player, <mask> achieved Life Master status in 2008 at a national bridge tournament in Las Vegas, Nevada. He is an active outdoor enthusiast, having competed in numerous 5K and 10K races, and the 2008 Breath of Life Ventura Triathlon.Art collection and donations

<mask> is an avid art collector, specializing in modern and contemporary


title: David Bohnett

texts:
 art. His large collection includes works by <mask>, Willem de Kooning, Keith Haring, Donald Judd, Ed Ruscha, Mark DiSuvero, George Rickey, Sam Francis, Agnes Martin, Catherine Opie, Tatsuo Miyajima, Robbie Conal, Lawrence Weiner, and John Chamberlain. According to Bohnett, he is particularly interested in art and artists that reflect social justice, fairness, and equality. He also collects pieces that operate on the intersection between art and technology. He owns one of the rare remaining Enigma machines, the subject of the film The Imitation Game – purchased in part because of his fascination with Alan Turing, who like <mask> was a computer technologist and gay. In 2014, he donated two early-1980s' personal computer systems by Apple and IBM to the Rhode Island Computer Museum. In 2002, he donated Jonathan Borofsky's 1991 sculpture Walking Man to the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.In 2007, he donated two original Winsor McKay production animation drawings of Gertie the Dinosaur (1914) to the Fales Library at New York University, and a Japanese calligraphy box and letter box to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). In 2008 he was one of a consortium of six donors who funded LACMA's acquisition of 46 rare and historic masterworks of the Pacific Islands, and together with Tom Gregory funded LACMA's acquisition of James Turrell's 1966 free-standing work Afrum (White). References

External links
Official Bio
David Bohnett Foundation
Baroda Ventures
<mask> – Profile at Bloomberg Businessweek

One-hour audio interview with <mask> on his life and career (2015)

Philanthropists from Illinois
American computer businesspeople
Internet pioneers
LGBT businesspeople from the United States
LGBT people from Illinois
1956 births
Living people
Ross School of Business alumni
Marshall School of Business alumni
People from Hinsdale, Illinois
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Philanthropists from California
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists
21st-century

masks:
David Hockney
Bohnett
David Bohnett
Bohnett


title: George Buck

texts:
Sir <mask> (or Buc) (October 1622) was an English antiquarian, historian, scholar and author, who served as a Member of Parliament, government envoy to Queen Elizabeth I and Master of the Revels to King James I of England. He served in the war against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and on the Cadiz expedition of 1596. He was appointed Esquire of the Body in 1588 and a Member of Parliament for Gatton, Surrey in the 1590s, also acting at times as an envoy for Queen Elizabeth. In 1603, on the accession to the throne of King James I, <mask> was made a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and knighted. In 1606, he began to license plays for publication. In 1610, he became Master of the Revels, responsible for licensing and supervising plays in Britain, including Shakespeare's later plays, and censoring them with respect to the depiction of religion and politics. <mask>'s writings include a verse work, Daphnis Polystephanos: An Eclog.... (1605), an historical-pastoral poem in celebration of James I's royal ancestors.His treatise "The Third Vniversite of England" (1615) describes the educational facilities in London. His major prose work was The History of King Richard the Third, which he left in rough draft at his death. His great-nephew extensively altered it and finally published it in 1646 as his own work. <mask> defended King Richard III, examining critically the accusations against him. He also discovered and introduced important new historical sources, especially the Croyland Chronicle and the Titulus Regius, which justified Richard's accession to the crown. Early life and career
<mask> was baptised on 1 October 1560 in Holy Trinity, Ely, Cambridgeshire. He was the eldest son and probably second of the four

masks:
George Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck


title: George Buck

texts:
 children of Elizabeth Nunn, née Petterill, of Brandon Ferry, Suffolk, and <mask> (d. 1580), a church official.His great-grandfather, Sir <mask>, was executed after supporting Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. <mask> was educated by his half-sister's husband, Henry Blaxton, privately and then at Blaxton's school in Chichester. <mask> attended Cambridge University, and by 1580 he had undertaken legal studies in London, finishing at the Middle Temple in 1585. He carried dispatches for the government from France in 1587 and served under his patron the Lord Admiral, Charles Howard of Effingham, against the Spanish Armada in 1588 and on the successful Cadiz expedition of 1596 led by Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, also acting as emissary from its commanders to Queen Elizabeth. He was appointed Esquire of the Body in 1588 and was the Member of Parliament for Gatton, Surrey in the parliaments of 1593 and 1597. He continued to act as an envoy for the queen afterwards, serving on diplomatic missions to Flanders in 1601 and Spain in 1605. Master of the Revels
In 1597, the queen seems to have promised <mask> the reversion (the right to succeed to an office when it next fell vacant) of the office of Master of the Revels.The office was held at the time by <mask>'s relation by marriage, Edmund Tilney. The playwright John Lyly, however, believed that since about 1585 Queen Elizabeth had led him to expect appointment to the post. He was vocal in his distress, writing letters of protest and supplication. The reversion was formally conferred on <mask> in 1603, on the accession to the throne of King James I. Also upon the accession of James I, <mask> was made a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and knighted. At

masks:
Robert Buck
John Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck
Buck


title: George Buck

texts:
 the same time, he inherited his aunt's lands in Lincolnshire. In 1606, he began to license plays for publication.The function of the Master of the Revels was to supervise the arrangements for entertainments presented at court, at the various royal residences or wherever the monarch was in attendance, and to censor plays before they were performed in public theatres. <mask> was thus responsible for censoring, among other works, Shakespeare's later plays, and for supervising performances of them and of any earlier Shakespeare plays revived for court performance, which he had to re-censor, due to the regulations added against blasphemy in 1606. <mask> noted on the title page of the play <mask>-a-Greene, the Pinner of Wakefield that he had discussed its authorship with Shakespeare. Censorship was exercised in matters of profanity and in sensitive issues of religion and politics, particularly the portrayal of royalty. Judging from his notes in the two manuscript play scripts that show his hand, The Second Maiden's Tragedy (1611) and John van Olden Barnavelt (1619), <mask> was conscientious and learned, but gentle in his censorship. <mask> wrote a treatise on the "Art of Revels", but the work is lost. He refers to it in another treatise, praising the state of drama in London and writing: "the Art of Reuels ... requireth knowledge in Grammar, Rhetorike, Logicke, Philosophie, Historie, Musick, Mathematikes, & in other Arts ... & hath a setled place within this Cittie.... I haue discribed it, and discoursed thereof at large in a particular commentarie". Scholarly work
<mask> was an historian and minor poet. His main verse work, ΔΑΦΝΙΣ ΠΟΛΥΣΤΕΦΑΝΟΣ (Daphnis Polystephanos): An Eclog Treating of Crownes, and of

masks: Buck Buck George Buck Buck Buck


title: George Buck

texts: Garlandes... (1605), an historical-pastoral poem, was written to glorify and celebrate King James I's royal ancestors on the occasion of his coronation. It mentions Richard III favourably "because / All accusations of him are not proued, / And he built churches, and made good law's / And all men held him wise, and valiant", and it concludes that he deserved his royal rank. <mask>'s treatise "The Third Vniversite of England" (1615) describes the educational facilities in London, from cosmetology to law and medicine, including heraldry, poetry, music, athletics and drama, and enumerates the diversity of arts, crafts, culture, wealth and populace of the city. This earned him, in William Maitland's estimate, the place after John Stow as an early historian of London.Among his other works was The Baron, an extensive treatment of the history of English titles and offices, which is not extant, although some of the material he collected for it survives. His only surviving genealogical work, A Commentary Vpon ... Liber Domus DEI, a finished manuscript, describes the history of the families who came to England with William the Conqueror. His major prose work was The History of King Richard the Third, which he completed in 1619 and left in rough draft at his death, and which, in 1731, was burnt around the edges in the Cotton library fire. Before that, the work had suffered more serious damage, coming into the hands of <mask>'s great-nephew, <mask>, who used it as he did others of <mask>'s works: he produced manuscript copies that he dedicated to various patrons from whom he sought advancement, passing them off as his own. Gradually he altered the History, cutting it, making it look like something written in his own

masks:
Buck
Buck
George Buck
Buck


title: George Buck

texts: time, rather than earlier, by deleting names of <mask>'s learned contemporaries who had shared sources and viva voce information with him, and altering or deleting documentation of sources, with the details of which, also, his copyist was careless. Finally in 1646 he published a version of the History that was slightly over half the length of the original. A second issue (usually referred to erroneously as a second edition) appeared the next year, leading to the assumption that <mask> invented many of his sources.This damaged <mask>'s scholarly reputation for centuries. The authentic text of <mask>'s History was not published until 1979; the editor, Arthur Kincaid, was able to find all but seven of the hundreds of sources that <mask> had meticulously documented. <mask> originated the pattern adopted by all later defences of Richard III, weighing the evidence impartially and pointing out that suspicion has no weight from a legal point of view. He first summarises Richard's life and reign, then discusses the accusations against him in turn, criticising sources of information about them on the basis of their reasons for bias, referring to original authoritative documents and oral reports. He also discusses the legality of Richard's title and surveys his achievements. <mask> discovered and introduced important new historical sources, such as the Croyland Chronicle and through it the petition in Parliament (Titulus Regius) that declared Edward IV's children illegitimate and justified Richard III's accession to the crown – a document that King Henry VII tried, and almost managed, to suppress. William Camden praised <mask>'s scholarship, calling him "a man learned in letters and who observed much in histories

masks: Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck Buck


title: George Buck

texts:
 and shared it with me".Last years and death
The Exchequer delayed, from 1613, in paying wages to <mask> and his Revels Office associates. <mask> became unable to discharge his duties as Master of the Revels by March 1622, was declared insane the following month, and was succeeded in office by Sir John Astley. He died in October of that year, leaving a considerable estate. His "nephew <mask> presented a will, either forged or made after Sir <mask> became insane, designating himself and his son <mask> the heirs". References

Sources
 Baldwin, David (2011). Elizabeth Woodville: Mother of the Princes in the Tower, The History Press
 <mask>, <mask>. The History of King Richard the Third (1619), Gloucester: Alan Sutton, (ed.)Kincaid, Arthur (1979; 2nd edition 1981)
 <mask>, <mask>. "The Third Vniversite of England", printed as an appendix to Stow, John (1615). The Annales or Generall Chronicle of England, London
 Chambers, Edmund (1906). Notes on the History of the Revels Office under the Tudors, London: A. H. Bullen
Chambers, Edmund (1923). The Elizabethan Stage, Oxford: Clarendon Press, vol. 1
 Dutton, Richard (1991). Mastering the Revels: The Regulation and Censorship of English Renaissance Drama, London: Palgrave Macmillan
 Eccles, Mark (1933)."Sir <mask>, Master of the Revels", in Sisson, Charles Jasper. Thomas Lodge and Other Elizabethans, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 409–506
Maitland, William (2nd ed. 1756). The History and Survey of London, London: Osborne, Shipton & Hodges

1560 births
1622 deaths
16th-century English writers
16th-century male writers
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male writers
English antiquarians
Esquires of the Body
English MPs 1593
English MPs

masks:
Buck
Buck
Stephen Buck
George
George
Buck
George
Buck
George
George Buc


title: Matthew Hatton

texts:
<mask> "Matty" <mask> (born 15 May 1981) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 2000 to 2013. He held the European welterweight title from 2010 to 2011, and challenged once for the WBC light-middleweight title in the latter year. He is the younger brother of former world champion <mask>, and fought on the undercard of many of Ricky's high-profile fights. Biography
<mask> was born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England to Ray and Carol. Before becoming a professional boxer, <mask> worked for the family carpet business as a carpet fitter. He and his girlfriend Jenna Coyne have a son named Jack, who was born in 2008 and a daughter named Lola born in 2012. Unlike his brother Ricky, dad Ray, and the majority of his family who are supporters of Manchester City, <mask> supports Manchester United.Amateur
Hatton began boxing at the age of 12, and had 22 amateur contests, winning 18. Professional boxing career
<mask>'s career as a professional boxer began in late 2000 with a point's victory over David White, on the undercard of brother Ricky's fight with Giuseppe Lauri. Hatton was undefeated in his first 13 fights before a point's loss to journeyman David Kirk in 2003. In 2004, Hatton went on to defeat Robert Burton to win the British Central Area welterweight title, and six months later defeated the same man to claim the light middleweight version of the title. British Title
On 20 October 2006, <mask> was disqualified for low blows in the tenth and final round of a British Welterweight title eliminator against Alan Bosworth. Victory may well have given Hatton a shot at the British Welterweight title which was held at the time by Scottish boxer Kevin Anderson. In 2007, Hatton won the IBF International welterweight title by defeating American Frank Houghtaling, and in his next fight defeated Puerto Rican Edwin Vazquez

masks:
Matthew James
Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Matthew
Hatton
Hatton


title: Matthew Hatton

texts:
 to win the IBF Inter-Continental title.Both fights were held in Las Vegas, Nevada on the undercard of <mask>'s fights with Juan Urango and José Luis Castillo. Commonwealth Title
On 28 May 2008, <mask> lost to Craig Watson on a points decision with scores of 116–112, 117–112 and 118–111 in a challenge for the Commonwealth welterweight championship. The fight was held at the City of Manchester Stadium on the undercard of <mask>'s fight with Juan Lazcano. A short time after his loss to Watson, Hatton decided to leave long-time trainer Billy Graham and his Phoenix Camp Gym. Hatton would go on to be trained at Bobby Rimmer's Boxing Academy based in Stalybridge under the guidance of Lee Beard, who is also assistant trainer to <mask>. Hatton vs. Ben Tackie
Hatton fought former World title challenger Ben Tackie on the undercard of <mask>'s fight with Paul Malignaggi at the MGM Grand, Las Vegas on 22 November 2008. Tackie was defeated by <mask> over 12 rounds in December 2003.<mask> defeated Tackie via a convincing unanimous decision with scores of 98–92, 98–92 and 97–93 in a performance which has been described as the best of his career. <mask> vs. Bami
On 28 March 2009, <mask> defeated Ted Bami via a 6th round stoppage in an eliminator for the IBO welterweight Title. <mask> vs. N'dou
<mask> was scheduled to fight Zab Judah on 19 September 2009 at the MGM Grand arena in a welterweight bout as part of the undercard of the Mayweather-Marquez fight. This fight was postponed due to the main bout being postponed owing to a rib injury to Mayweather. Instead <mask> fought Lovemore N'dou for the IBO Welterweight title at Fenton Manor in Stoke-on-Trent on 13 November 2009, the contest was scored a draw. <mask> vs. Branco
<mask> claimed the vacant European welterweight title with a unanimous points win over Gianluca Branco in Dagenham on 26 March

masks:
Ricky Hatton
Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Ricky Hatton
Matthew Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
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Hatton
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Hatton


title: Matthew Hatton

texts:
 2010. Branco, having only lost twice previous to this fight (against Arturo Gatti & Miguel Cotto), came into the fight as Hatton's toughest test to date.Branco caught <mask> with a right hand in the first round which seemed to have him hurt, but <mask> overcame it and went on to claim the decision, allowing him to fully escape older brother Ricky's shadow and become "The European Welterweight Champion Of The World". <mask> vs. Álvarez

In March 2011, <mask> lost to Canelo Álvarez in a bid for the WBC light-middleweight title. The bigger and stronger Alvarez was docked a point in round seven ultimately leading to all three judges scoring the bout at 119–108 in favor of Alvarez. <mask> vs. Brook
In March 2012, <mask> lost to undefeated Kell Brook in an all-British clash at the Motorpoint Arena in Sheffield. The quicker, more technically astute Brook outclassed <mask> over 12 rounds, and won the fight via a Unanimous Decision. <mask> vs. Lomax
In October 2012, <mask> won a 1st-round knockout to journeyman Michael Lomax. It was a comeback bout after his disappointing defeat to Kell Brook, and a determined Hatton took the fight easily.<mask> vs. Van Heerden
In his first fight of the year in February 2013, <mask> lost a unanimous decision to IBO Welterweight champion Chris Van Heerden. The South African outclassed him throughout with a smarter skillset that may have shattered future title hopes for the British boxer. Championships held
 IBF Inter-Continental Welterweight title
 IBF International Welterweight title
 British Central Area Welterweight title
 British Central Area Light-Middleweight title
 European Welterweight title

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|43 Wins (17 knockouts, 25 decisions),  7 Losses, 2 Draws
|-
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background:

masks: Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton Hatton


title: Svatoslav Štěpánek

texts:
<mask> (December 25, 1911 – November 8, 1938), known as The Roudnice Monster, was a Czechoslovak serial killer who killed at least one child and two women around Roudnice nad Labem between 1926 and 1936. Convicted of these crimes and two attempted murders, he was sentenced to death and subsequently executed in 1938. Early years
<mask> was born on December 25, 1911, in Roudnice nad Labem, the youngest of four children. He came from a respected family – his father was a chemist in a sugar factory and his mother a retired kindergarten teacher. <mask>, who suffered from meningitis soon after his premature birth and was physically weak, was doted upon by his mother. His father died when he was still young, prompting his mother to move him and his three siblings to the Slovakian part of the country, where they remained for some time. After returning to Roudnice nad Labem, Štěpánek studied to become a gardener, but never took any work.In contrast to his siblings, <mask> was despised by other residents of his neighborhood due to his odd and disconcerting behavior: besides stealing items such as women's underwear, he also enjoyed dissecting frogs, liked to torture and kill animals, and visited the local cemetery to watch the gravedigger work. <mask> was also known for biting his classmates and relishing in their pain, and in the fifth grade, he is also said to have stabbed a classmate with a knife following an argument. In 1930, he was threatened for up a year in prison for a theft, but his mother prevented it by arranging a psychiatric examination with a friend, who deduced that Štěpánek had mental issues. After the exam, the man also told his mother that the teenager had serious psychological issues and should seek immediate treatment, but <mask>'s mother dismissed his advice. First murder
Štěpánek's first known murder took place in 1926, when he was he still 16. On one occasion when he was left to watch over his sister, Štěpánek was visited by 5-year-old Bedřich

masks:
Svatoslav Štěpánek
Svatoslav Štěpánek
Svatoslav
Svatoslav
Štěpánek
Štěpánek


title: Svatoslav Štěpánek

texts:
 Brožovský, the son of a couple who shared a rented apartment with him. It's unclear what exactly occurred on the day of the murder, but according to Štěpánek, he had become annoyed with Brožovský, luring him to the cellar where he hit him on the head with a hammer multiple times.In order to dispose of the body, he dismembered it and buried it in his garden. He would later be questioned about Brožovský's mysterious disappearance, but claimed to know nothing of it. After some time, the local townsfolk and police alike came to the conclusion that little Bedřich had likely been kidnapped by a gang of gypsies, and with no leads, the case went cold. New crimes

Attempted murders
After an apparent 10-year lull, when he is not known to have committed any crimes, Štěpánek resumed his violent activities on January 10, 1936. On that day, while riding his bicycle around Roudnice nad Labem, he spotted 13-year-old Růžena Jebavá walking home from school. Štěpánek rode up to her, drew out his pistol and shot her in the left shoulder blade, narrowly missing her heart. With Jebavá left writhing on the ground, he rode a little further before suddenly returning, telling her "Here you go", and leaving again.She was found by passers-by and rushed to the hospital, where an early intervention by doctors saved her life. Thirteen days later, 26-year-old Zdeňka Drobná came across <mask>, who was repairing his bicycle on the road, while en route home from visiting her husband in the hospital. When she went past him, <mask> went after her and knocked her into a nearby ditch, whereupon he began swearing at and threatening her. Drobná got up and tried to run away, but Štěpánek caught up with her again and aimed his pistol directly at her heart. She instinctively slapped his hand, causing him to fire a shot into her stomach. Despite successfully injuring his victim and was about to finish her off with an axe, a passing witness scared off Štěpánek. The woman later told the authorities about

masks: Štěpánek Štěpánek


title: Svatoslav Štěpánek

texts:
 the assault, but gave only a partially accurate description of her assailant, describing him as seemingly suffering from smallpox and with a drooping left corner on his mouth, but also giving the wrong colors for his bike and hair.When investigators came to question <mask>, his mother and neighbors provided him with a false alibi, claiming that he had been bed-ridden all day due to contracting influenza. <mask> himself would later admit that he only pretended to be ill, and significantly altered his bike's appearance following these attacks to prevent positive identification. Murders
On April 5, 1936, 40-year-old dairy farmer Františka Třísková disappeared in the early morning while making her regular milk deliveries. When it was discovered that her probable last stop was the Štěpánek residence, whose current sole occupant was Svatoslav due to his mother undergoing surgery in Modra, the local authorities went to question him. Štěpánek denied seeing Třísková on that day, claiming that he had been sleeping and had then going to the evangelical church. He was cleared of suspicion after a friend of Třísková falsely claimed that she had talked to her for several hours, supposedly after she already visited the Štěpáneks' house. In actuality, <mask> shot Třísková in the head while she was pouring milk for him in the kitchen, before dragging the still-living victim to the laundry room and finishing her off with an axe blow to the head.He then ripped her belly open, cutting off her breasts and removing skin from her head, before finally dismembering the corpse into 11 pieces. After washing his clothes, he then wrapped the remains and a milk jug in bags and buried them in his backyard. Following her mother's disappearance, Třísková's daughter was tasked with doing the deliveries, and it is alleged that when she went to the Štěpáneks' house one day, <mask> asked her whether she knew anything new about her mother. When she replied in the negative, Štěpánek supposedly

masks: Štěpánek Štěpánek Štěpánek Svatoslav


title: Svatoslav Štěpánek

texts:
 replied that she'll "see her soon". While she was absent from the house, <mask>'s mother had arranged for her sister, Anna, to make food for him. On May 17, since she was busy, she decided to send in her 20-year-old daughter, Jiřina Šťastná, to deliver the food, explicitly forbidding her from entering the premises. Disregarding her mother's advice, Šťastná entered the house and hand-delivered the food to <mask>, who then proceeded to shoot her in the eye.To make sure she was dead, he then stabbed her in the heart, and then dragged the body to the cellar, where he undressed it, planning to mutilate it later. However, Anna, worried that her daughter still hadn't returned, sent her son to ask for her. Štěpánek claimed that she had left long ago and sent his cousin away, but unconvinced by his claims, Anna went to the house herself. While examining the surroundings, she noticed a bag that her daughter used to carry food in. Knowing that she would never leave without it, she began inspecting it, noticing that it had traces of blood on it, leading to the cellar. She then went down there, where she discovered her daughter's nude body. Bewildered by the discovery, Anna confronted <mask>, who panicked and tried to flee.He managed to escape into the garden and subsequently went to a nearby hill, where he attempted to hang himself from a tree. A passing postmaster noticed this, however, rescuing the young man and then escorting him to the police station. Arrest, confessions and excavations
In the subsequent interrogations, Štěpánek was questioned about what he planned to do with the body, to which he replied that he was curious to see how the breasts of a young woman would look like if they were cut off, and he had intended to dismembered in the bathtub later on. He also revealed that he had written a letter for his aunt, describing how horribly mutilated his cousin's body was but not implicating himself as the killer, which he intended to give it to her and watch her

masks: Štěpánek Svatoslav Štěpánek


title: Svatoslav Štěpánek

texts:
 freak out for his own amusement. Aside from this, one detail from <mask>'s testimony, proclaiming that he planned to bury Šťastná's body in the garden "with the others", prompted investigators to begin examining his garden. Eventually, they noticed disturbed soil in one section of the backyard, which they dug out, finding splinters and one empty grave. Following this, the entirety of the house was excavated, and to the investigators' shock, they found another, smaller grave.Digging deeper into <mask>'s history, the investigators realized that this victim was likely little Bedřich Brožovský, who had disappeared ten years ago. Probable murders
Police were skeptical of the 10-year gap from Brožovský's killing to Štěpánek's other murders, so they reopened several cold cases in an effort to examine any possible connections with their detainee. For reference, they used a peculiar map found in <mask>'s room, on which he had marked several places with crosses: one of them was placed in Bohnice, where on August 2, 1932, 28-year-old Mária Zemancová was found stabbed by the road near Troja. She had been stabbed twice, once in the neck and another in the chest, and it appeared that her killer had attempted to cut off her breasts. At the time, <mask> is known to have stayed with a local greengrocer in Prague. At first, he denied any involvement in the murder, but later confessed and attended a reconstruction of the crime scene, pointing out the exact location and minute details, such as the knife's handle breaking, that only the killer would have known. In the middle of the reconstruction, however, he changed his mind and withdrew his confession.Witnesses who had seen Zemancová's killer also couldn't positively identify <mask>, and his own description of the victim was inaccurate. As a result, he was dismissed as a suspect. On October 16, 1932, he was part of a tour group exploring the Červený Kameň Castle near the Slovakian village of Častá. At one point, while he was

masks: Štěpánek Štěpánek Štěpánek Štěpánek Štěpánek


title: Svatoslav Štěpánek

texts:
 examining the various medieval torture instruments, he got lost in the company of friend, 15-year-old Marie Riganová. At closing time, the security guards eventually found <mask> wandering around, but Riganová was never found, and remains missing to this day. Trial, conviction and execution
At his trial, <mask> admitted that he committed the murders due to his unnatural fixation on breasts. Prosecutors revealed when he was 17, he had poured hydrochloric acid on his sister's breasts, kept pictures of well-endowed women plastered all over his bed and even took a breast growth product.His sexually sadistic tendencies were also emphasized, including an incident where he injured his nipple by intentionally pricking it on a tree. And to the shock and disgust of the court, they also produced another letter written by Štěpánek, in which he fantasized about being a raped young mother who resorts to killing her hungry child and cutting off her nipples due to her inability to breastfeed him. During the trial proceedings, his mother passed away. In 1938, <mask> <mask> was found guilty of threefold murder and two attempted murders, for which he was sentenced to death. He would submit a request for clemency, but the response was delayed as the country had no sitting president at the time. His request would eventually be denied by the government, and on November 8, 1938, Štěpánek was hanged in the courtyard of the Pankrác Prison. See also
 List of serial killers by country

Bibliography

References

1911 births
1938 deaths
20th-century criminals
Male criminals
Male serial killers
Czechoslovak serial killers
Czechoslovak murderers of children
Czechoslovak people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Czechoslovakia
People convicted of attempted murder
People executed by Czechoslovakia by hanging
Executed Czechoslovak people
Executed serial killers
People executed for murder
Violence against women in Europe
People from Roudnice nad Labem
People executed by

masks: Štěpánek Štěpánek Svatoslav Štěpánek


title: Maureen Johnson

texts:
<mask> (born February 16, 1973) is an American author of young adult fiction. Her published novels include series leading titles such as 13 Little Blue Envelopes, The Name of the Star, Truly Devious, and Suite Scarlett. Among <mask>'s works are collaborative efforts such as Let It Snow, a holiday romance novel of interwoven stories co-written with John Green and Lauren Myracle, and a series of novellas found in New York Times bestselling anthologies The Bane Chronicles, Tales from the Shadowhunter Academy, and Ghosts of the Shadow Market. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Philadelphia and attended an all-girl Catholic preparatory high school. She graduated from the University of Delaware in 1995 with a degree in English. <mask> later worked variously as literary manager of a Philadelphia theater company, a waitress in a theme restaurant, a secretary, a bartender in Piccadilly, and an occasional performer in New York City. She studied both writing and theatrical dramaturgy at Columbia University, where she received her MFA in Writing.Literary career

<mask>'s debut novel The Key to the Golden Firebird was published in May 2004 by HarperTeen. Centered around themes of grief and resilience and set in the suburbs of Philadelphia a year after his passing, the novel depicts three sisters of different age as they individually process and come to understand their father's death, and their paths ahead. The Key to the Golden Firebird entered the market during a resurgence of popular interest in the young adult fiction genre. In 2005, it received starred reviews from both School Library Journal and Booklist. <mask>'s second published novel, The Bermudez Triangle (later reissued as On the Count of Three in

masks:
Maureen Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Maureen Johnson

texts: 2013), was released in October 2004. Following three high school seniors who have been best friends since childhood— Nina, Avery, and Melanie— two of whom have been dating secretly since the summer, The Bermudez Triangle explores the complexity of relationships and self-identity, from the changing nature of bonds, to the experiences of both platonic love and attraction, and the gifts and difficulties of first romances. It was selected as a Winter 2004 Book Sense Pick, as well as listed for New York Public Library's “Books for the Teen Age 2006”, and the American Library Association’s Popular Paperbacks for Young Adults, GLTBQ list.In August 2005, 13 Little Blue Envelopes was published by HarperTeen. A series, the story follows seventeen-year-old Virginia (Ginny) Blackstone, as she embarks on a journey throughout Europe by following a series of instructions left to her within letters from her beloved, self-proclaimed "Runaway Aunt" Peg, upon notice of her passing. While written in the style of contemporary realistic fiction that much of her earlier work is known for, <mask> herself has said she considers Ginny's adventure to be "a little bit of a fairy tale," and has cited the song "Charmed Life" by Irish artist Neil Hannon of The Divine Comedy for its likeness to the spirit with which the novel was written. The second novel, The Last Little Blue Envelope, was later published in April 2011. Devilish, <mask>'s fourth novel, was published in September 2006. Set in a preparatory school in Rhode Island where "barbed wire keeps the boys out and the ancient nuns keep the girls in," Devilish follows the travails of two senior students, Jane and Allison (Ally), as they experience seemingly supernatural upheavals

masks: Johnson Johnson


title: Maureen Johnson

texts: within their friendship and school year, culminating in what appears to be a battle for Ally's soul. Marking <mask>'s first full departure from contemporary realistic fiction, Devilish was shortlisted in 2007 for the Andre Norton Award, which celebrates excellence in YA science fiction and fantasy novel writing.In May 2007, Girl at Sea was published by HarperTeen. The novel follows seventeen-year-old Clio Ford's attempts to make the best of being suddenly cast away from her home for the summer in pursuit of a mysterious treasure abroad. Set primarily aboard a pre-owned yacht somewhere amidst the Mediterranean at the behest of her father, it explores Clio's perspective as she struggles with first romantic infatuations, dives at sea among shipwrecks, and navigates a series of new relationships and situations. <mask>'s sixth novel and the beginning of her second series, Suite Scarlett, was published in May 2008. It explores the life of newly fifteen-year-old Scarlett Martin, whose family resides within and personally run the Hopewell hotel. Described as a small “jewel box of a hotel” built at the height of Art Deco style in the heart of Manhattan's Upper East Side, the Hopewell is a local institution in need of both repairs and guests. Scarlett explores family dynamics, coming of age, and some the strange opportunities of New York City for those who find themselves working in and adjacent to the performing arts.Upon her fifteenth birthday, as per Martin family tradition, Scarlett is handed the keys to one of their home's suites, as well as the responsibility of maintaining it and seeing after its guests. Scarlett's struggles to meet the eccentric demands of the Empire Suite's first and apparently now


title: Maureen Johnson

texts: permanent tenant, Mrs. Amberson, become the basis of much of the experiences of her formative years. Suite Scarlett was selected by the American Library Association for their list Best Books for Young Adults 2009, and received a starred review by Booklist. In May 2009, <mask> contributed her story "The Law of Suspects" to Vacations from Hell, a collection of supernatural tales on the topic of vacations gone awry, along with fellow authors Libba Bray, Cassandra Clare, Claudia Gray, and Sarah Mlynowski. On November 27, 2009, <mask> first became a New York Times bestselling author when Let It Snow: Three Holiday Romances (October 2008, Speak) reached number ten on the Children's Paperback list. A holiday romance novel of interwoven stories co-written with John Green and Lauren Myracle, Let It Snow begins with <mask>'s "The Jubilee Express". The book is currently under adaption to film, with distribution by Netflix set for a November 2019 release.Also in 2009, <mask> worked as a scriptwriter for EA Games, helping develop the Nintendo DS and PSP versions of the Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince video game. In February 2010, <mask>'s eighth book and the second title in the Scarlett series, Scarlett Fever, was published. According to <mask> later in June 2014, a third entry in the Scarlett series was well underway, but no further news has been publicly available since then. At the time of her statement, both titles were receiving their first publication within the U.K. by Hot Key Books, an imprint of Bonnier Group. In September 2010, <mask> contributed her story "The Children of the Revolution" to Zombies vs. Unicorns, edited by Holly Black and Justine Larbalestier. Each of the twelve stories featured in

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Maureen Johnson

texts: Zombies vs. Unicorns aim to make a case for their respective side. Fellow authors in the anthology include Cassandra Clare, Libba Bray, Meg Cabot, Alaya <mask>, Carrie Ryan, Scott Westerfeld, Garth Nix, Kathleen Duey, Margo Lanagan, Naomi Novik, Diana Peterfreund, and Margo Lanagan.The Name of the Star, <mask>'s tenth novel, was published in September 2011. The first of four titles set within the Shades of London series, The Name of the Star follows Louisiana teenager Rory Deveaux as she travels to London to begin boarding school, where she is quickly pulled into the center of a world of paranormal murders that mimic those of Jack the Ripper. In 2012, The Name of the Star was nominated for an Edgar Award for excellence in the category of young adult fiction. The second and third Shades novels, The Madness Underneath and The Shadow Cabinet, were published in February 2013 and February 2015, respectively. A forthcoming novel is confirmed to conclude the series, with a publication date expected to be announced for sometime after January 2020. Meanwhile in 2011, <mask> became the ongoing lead coordinator of LeakyCon's Lit Track programming, the literary focused experience for fans of young adult fiction more broadly. A production of Mischief Management, LeakyCon is the largest regularly held Harry Potter fan convention in North America.Topics of the Lit Track have included the importance of supporting diversity within young adult literature, the experience of writing romance fiction that respects teenaged characters, use of critical thinking in examining the labels we ascribe to particular kinds of fiction, and panels discussing the stories that authors of popular fiction first wrote for themselves in their

masks:
Dawn Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Maureen Johnson

texts: teenage years. In March 2014, <mask> was selected to represent the YA category for World Book Day in the United Kingdom with the first publication of her novella The Boy in the Smoke, a prequel story to the Shades of London series. That August, The Boy in the Smoke was additionally released to an international audience for free through the online reading and story writing platform Wattpad. In November 2014, The Bane Chronicles, an anthology of novellas written with fellow young adult fiction authors Cassandra Clare and Sarah Rees Brennan was first released in hardcover by Margaret K. McElderry Books. Prior to their print release as a collected anthology, each title was initially debuted separately in ebook and downloadable audiobook formats. The Bane Chronicles is set within the same world as Clare's The Mortal Instruments and The Infernal Devices series, with the stated intent being to explore the life of the "enigmatic Magnus Bane," a character of Clare's whose "alluring personality, flamboyant style, and sharp wit..." had become a favorite among fans. <mask>'s principle contributions to the anthology and their first availability are as follows: The Runaway Queen (May 2013), The Rise of the Hotel Dumort (August 2013), The Fall of the Hotel Dumort (October 2013), and The Last Stand of the New York Institute (December 2013, co-written with Clare and Sarah Rees Brennan).The Bane Chronicles has appeared on the New York Times bestsellers list for children's series a number of times, beginning the week of July 7, 2013. In November 2016, Tales from the Shadowhunter Academy, an anthology of novellas written with fellow popular young adult fiction authors Cassandra Clare, Sarah Rees Brennan, and Robin Wasserman


title: Maureen Johnson

texts: was first released in hardcover by Margaret K. McElderry Books. Prior to their print release as a collected anthology, each title was initially debuted separately in ebook and downloadable audiobook formats. Tales from the Shadowhunter Academy is described as providing an epilogue to Clare's Mortal Instruments series, exploring the experiences of Simon Lewis, who now finds himself stripped of his memories and unsure of his identity but determined to figure it out as his journey continues. <mask>'s principle contributions and their first availability are the stories The Whitechapel Fiend (April 2015) and The Fiery Trial (September 2015). How I Resist: Activism and Hope for a New Generation (Wednesday Books, 2018) is a collection of essays, songs, illustrations, and interviews on the topics of activism and hope, with all author proceeds donated to support the ACLU. Edited by <mask>, and spurred by her concern for helping young readers navigate how they might respond to the political climate in the U.S. post the 2016 presidential election, the anthology features thirty artists of diverse experience sets.Contributors include Junauda Petrus, Jacqueline Woodson, Malinda Lo, Jason Reynolds, Dana Schwartz, Jodi Picoult, Sabaa Tahir, Hebh Jamal, Javier Muñoz, Libba Bray, John Paul Brammer, and more. Truly Devious (Katherine Tegen Books, 2018) is the first in an intended trilogy of mystery novels to follow Stevie Bell, a true crime aficionado set to begin studies at the exclusive yet ideal-minded Ellingham Academy in the remote mountains of Vermont, where she's prepared to put her mind to one primary goal: solving one of the great unsolved crimes of American history. The second novel, The Vanishing Stair, was


title: Maureen Johnson

texts:
 published January 2019. The third and concluding novel of the trilogy, The Hand on the Wall, was published January 2020. A fourth novel, and the series' first standalone title, The Box in the Woods was released in June 2021. An anticipated but as yet unnamed fifth entry, and the second standalone novel of the series was confirmed by the author in July 2021. Social media presence, advocacy, and activism
<mask> has maintained a personal website about her work and experiences as an author since 2005, with blog entries dating as far back as August of that year.In June 2008, she joined then new micro-blogging platform Twitter as one of its early users, where she has likened her many posts about everything from the news of the day to searching the town of Guildford for a baking pan to the habit she had developed of leaving post-it notes around for others to read while working in theater productions. Book banning
In June 2007, the parent of a student in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, challenged The Bermudez Triangle's presence within the school. The parent went on record saying "I didn’t appreciate that it was there", referring to the book being in the library. "I just don’t think homosexual materials belong in our schools." While book challenges in the U.S. are not uncommon, <mask>'s response upon learning of the issue was to quickly publish a blog post on her website calling for greater transparency in the school system's challenge process. In an attempt to resolve the controversy, the school board did not remove the book but instead placed it in a restricted area of the high school's library. In an interview in January 2008 in retrospect of the situation, <mask> expressed the primary concern that censorship of

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Maureen Johnson

texts:
 stories on the basis of a character's identity will adversely effect all children, particularly those who happen to share that given identity.On the school's copy of The Bermudez Triangle ultimately being placed in a restricted area, <mask> stated: "To do so is basically saying to the gay kids, 'There’s something dirty about you.' Anyone who would say that is the true filthmonger." YA for Obama
In September 2008, shortly before the general election, <mask> launched the inclusive political social networking community YA for Obama to support then U.S. Senator Barack Obama's candidacy for President. Intended as a way to help organize support and interest for Obama's campaign among young people and provide safe avenues for them to engage the American political process, YA for Obama used the online community publishing platform Ning, and comprised discussion forums, user-generated content such as videos and photos, and daily blog updates written by popular Young Adult fiction authors. Notable contributors included Judy Blume, Scott Westerfeld, Lauren Myracle, Cecily von Ziegesar, and Megan McCafferty. ShelterBox
In February 2011, in response to the earthquake in Christchurch, New Zealand, <mask> took to Twitter in an effort to raise funds for ShelterBox, an international disaster relief charity established in 2000 in Helston, Cornwall, UK, that provides emergency shelter and other aid items to families around the world who have lost their homes to disaster or conflict.A ShelterBox (the actual aid kit itself) is designed to provide families with stable, lasting shelter and a level of independence after a disaster, and include high quality aid items chosen to best suit to the particular situation at hand. As


title: Maureen Johnson

texts:
 described by <mask> at the time:

Funds were raised through a general call to action and the giving away of signed ARCs (advance reader copies of books) and other literary materials to donors. The prizes themselves were donated by various authors in support of the aid effort. Donors were asked to make contributions to the charity directly, while sharing a common label so that their total as a group could be tracked. The amount raised was $15,202 USD, enough to fund 16 shelters and supplies. Weeks later, when the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami occurred, <mask> returned to Twitter with fellow authors to attempt to replicate the aid that was raised, this time with the people of Japan and anyone directly affected by the earthquake and tsunami in mind. Almost the same amount of money was raised, totaling $14,202 USD, enough for an additional 14 shelter kits to be deployed to those who needed them.In May, in response to the tornado in Joplin, Missouri, <mask> and fellow authors used the same strategy to raise an additional $4,913.90 USD, with funds split between ShelterBox and the Red Cross. <mask> has continued to advocate publicly via social media for awareness on behalf of ShelterBox at times of disaster and particular need. Other creative projects

VlogBrothers
In January 2010, <mask> was acknowledged as John Green's secret sister on the popular YouTube channel VlogBrothers. With the reveal of this honorary title, <mask> took on the role of creating videos for the channel during his absence to paternity leave. <mask> later reprised the duty after the birth of Green's second child in 2013. Welcome to Night Vale
Since June 2014, <mask> has voiced the character Intern <mask> on the surreal fiction

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Maureen


title: Maureen Johnson

texts:
 podcast Welcome to Night Vale, as well as occasionally performed the character live on stage. In June 2016, while in conversation at 92Y in New York, co-creator Joseph Fink explained that the character of Intern <mask> was initially written in the image of <mask>, but quickly killed off, as death is a kind of tradition for most interns of the Night Vale Radio station.<mask>, a vocal fan of the podcast, in turn led a Twitter campaign in protest, leading Fink and Cranor to agree to bring the character back on the condition that <mask> perform the role herself. Intern <mask>'s continued survival has since become an ongoing joke within the stories. <mask> provided the foreword for The Great Glowing Coils of the Universe (Harper Perennial, 2016), a collected volume of early podcast scripts. Says Who? In September 2016, <mask> began co-hosting the podcast Says Who? alongside former Punk Planet editor, journalist, and author Dan Sinker. Self-described as a coping strategy, Says Who?was originally conceived as an eight-week project in which <mask> and Sinker would talk with political experts about how they were surviving news coverage of the 2016 Presidential Election. The podcast has since continued past the results of the election, switching to a biweekly, then weekly, and then, for a time, daily format in which the hosts attempt to humorously discuss the news of the day, and more personally, share how they are coping as citizens both in the current political era as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Personal life
<mask> lives in New York City. A self-described vegetarian since 1994, she has frequently shared her love for both vegan and vegetarian cooking through blog posts and tweets. "I'm a vegetarian from

masks: Maureen Johnson Johnson Johnson Maureen Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Maureen Johnson

texts: Philadelphia, which means I spend my life trying to make a vegetarian steak sandwich." On June 23, 2018, <mask> was married in New York's Central Park at the Ladies Pavilion. The reception was held shortly thereafter at Housing Works, a non-profit bookstore and venue space whose mission is to end the dual crises of homelessness and AIDS.Reflecting upon the experience on Twitter, she wrote "There was no better place to have a party on Pride


title: H. R. Haldeman

texts: <mask> "Bob" <mask> (October 27, 1926 – November 12, 1993) was an American political aide and businessman, best known for his service as White House Chief of Staff to President <mask> and his consequent involvement in the Watergate scandal. Born in California, <mask>man served in the Navy Reserves in World War II and attended UCLA. In 1949, he joined the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency, where he worked for 20 years as a prominent advertising executive in both Los Angeles and New York City. He made a name for himself early in Los Angeles social circles from his work as chairman of the UCLA Alumni Association and a member of the University of California Board of Regents. A long family association with the Republican Party and his own interest drew <mask>man to politics. In the 1950s, he became acquainted with Nixon, for whom he developed both an intense respect and steadfast loyalty. He began as an advance man on President Dwight D. Eisenhower's reelection campaign in 1956, again worked as an advance man on Nixon's 1960 presidential campaign, and managed Nixon's 1962 run for governor of California.When Nixon was elected President in 1968, he selected <mask> as his chief of staff. <mask>man is credited with implementing more significant changes to White House staffing systems and Executive Branch governance and operations than any chief of staff before him or since, and it is the "Haldeman system" that presidential administrations continue to operate on today. His intensity and no-nonsense management style earned him a reputation as a stern taskmaster who expected top-notch performance. After he left the Nixon administration in April 1973, <mask> was tried on counts of perjury, conspiracy, and obstruction of justice for his role in the Watergate cover-up. He was found guilty and imprisoned for 18 months. Upon <mask>man's

masks:
Harry Robbins
Haldeman
Richard Nixon
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title: H. R. Haldeman

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 release, he returned to private life and was a successful businessman and real estate developer until his death from cancer in 1993 at the age of 67. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Los Angeles on October 27, 1926, one of three children of socially prominent parents.His father, <mask> <mask>, founded and ran a successful heating and air conditioning supply company, and gave time and financial support to local Republican causes, including the <mask> financial fund that led to the so-called "Fund Crisis" during the 1952 presidential race. His mother, Katherine (née <mask>), was a longtime volunteer with the Salvation Army and other philanthropic organizations. His paternal grandfather, <mask> <mask>, co-founded the Better America Federation of California, The Oz Film Manufacturing Company, and a gentleman's club named The Uplifters. <mask> and his siblings were raised as Christian Scientists. Known to his peers as a "straight arrow", he sported his trademark flat-top haircut from his high school years – a look that he would adopt for most of his life until after his resignation as Chief of Staff – enjoyed discussions of ethics, and achieved the rank of Eagle Scout. He attended Harvard School, an elite boys prep school, during which time he met Joanne "Jo" <mask>, who was attending Marlborough School, an elite, private secondary school which educated women in the 7th to 12th grades. The two married in 1949.During World War II he was in the United States Navy Reserve but did not see active combat. <mask>man attended the University of Redlands and the University of Southern California, then transferred to the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). He received his B.A. from UCLA in 1948, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity. At UCLA, he met John Ehrlichman, who became a close friend and colleague in

masks:
Haldeman
Harry Francis
Haldeman
Richard Nixon
Robbins
Harry Marston
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Young Haldeman
Horton
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title: H. R. Haldeman

texts:
 the Nixon administration. In 1949, he joined the J. Walter Thompson advertising agency, where he worked for 20 years in both Los Angeles and New York City; other employees of this firm during this period included <mask>, who went on to serve as White House Press Secretary in the Nixon administration. A long family association with the Republican Party and his own interest drew <mask>man to politics and during this period he commenced working for <mask>, for whom he developed both an intense respect and steadfast loyalty.Beginning as an advance man on Nixon's 1956 and 1960 campaigns, <mask>man managed Nixon's 1962 run for governor of California, and when Nixon was elected President in 1968, he chose <mask>man to be his chief of staff. Career in the Nixon administration

When <mask>'s appointment to the White House was announced, <mask>, a close friend and presidential scholar, urged him to start keeping a daily diary recording the major events of each day and <mask>man's thoughts on them. <mask>man took this suggestion and started keeping and maintaining a daily diary throughout his entire career in the Nixon White House (January 18, 1969 – April 30, 1973). The full text of the diaries is almost 750,000 words, and an abridged version was published as The <mask>man Diaries after <mask>'s death. A full version is available to researchers at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum. Gaining a reputation as a stern taskmaster who expected top-notch work, he and John Ehrlichman were called "the Berlin Wall" by other White House staffers in a play on their German family names and shared penchant for keeping others away from Nixon and serving as his "gatekeepers". They became Nixon's most loyal and trusted aides during his presidency.Both were keen in protecting what they regarded as Nixon's best interests. He and the

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Ronald Ziegler
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Richard Nixon
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Robert Rutland
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title: H. R. Haldeman

texts:
 president were very close – <mask>man was even dubbed "the president's son-of-a-bitch" – and Nixon relied on him to filter information that came into his office and to make sure that information was properly dispensed. Role in Watergate

<mask>man was one of the various key figures in the Watergate scandal. The "Smoking Gun" tape revealed that Nixon instructed <mask>man to have the CIA pressure the FBI into dropping its Watergate investigation. Nixon instructed him to tell the CIA that the investigation would "open up the whole Bay of Pigs thing again". In his book, <mask> later wrote: "It seems that in all those references to the Bay of Pigs, he was actually referring to the Kennedy assassination." He also said that Nixon might have been reminding CIA Director <mask> that the CIA assassination attempts on Fidel Castro may have triggered the assassination of Kennedy.The unexplained  minute gap in Nixon's Oval Office recordings occurred during a discussion that included the President and <mask>man on June 20, 1972. Nixon requested the resignations of <mask> and Ehrlichman in what has been described as a long and emotional meeting at Camp David. <mask>man was fired, and the resignations were announced on April 30, 1973. In a phone conversation shortly after the resignations, Nixon told <mask>man that he loved him like his brother. On the eve of Nixon's resignation, <mask>man asked for a full pardon along with a full pardon of Vietnam War draft dodgers. He argued that pardoning the draft dodgers would take some of the heat off him. Nixon refused.On January 1, 1975, <mask> was convicted of conspiracy, obstruction of justice, and three counts of perjury. He was sentenced to serve  to 8 years, subsequently commuted to 1 to 4 years. In Lompoc Federal Prison, <mask>man worked in a facility testing sewage. On December 20, 1978,

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Richard Helms
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title: H. R. Haldeman

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 after serving 18 months, <mask>man was released on parole. The Ends of Power
In 1978, Times Books published The Ends of Power, written by <mask>man with the writer Joseph DiMona. <mask>man wrote in the book that Nixon had initiated the break-in and had participated in the cover-up from the onset. A passage in The Ends of Power has been claimed to support allegations linking Watergate to the assassination of John F. Kennedy.Oliver Stone's 1995 film Nixon, in which <mask> was portrayed by James Woods, presents the scenario that Nixon attempted to use the CIA's hidden anti-Castro history to help cover up his own misdeeds during Watergate. Stone credited the comments attributed to <mask>man in The Ends of Power as the source for his scenario. According to the political commentator Chris Matthews, <mask>man denied writing those words and said the theory of events actually belonged to DiMona. Matthews reported that <mask>man said he had no idea of what Nixon meant by the "whole Bay of Pigs thing" comments. Noting that Stone had implicated Nixon as having a role in planning a plot to kill Castro, <mask> described it as "one of the most controversial themes of his movie". A response by Nixon writers <mask> and Christopher Wilkinson stated that DiMona, <mask>man's ghostwriter, had confirmed that it was <mask>man's conclusion that "the Bay of Pigs thing" was a code for the Kennedy assassination. Later life
In his post-prison years, <mask>man went on to a successful career as a businessman, taking an interest in hotels, development, real estate, and chain restaurants in Florida.Death
On November 12, 1993, after refusing medical treatment in accordance with his Christian Science beliefs, <mask>man died of abdominal cancer at his home in Santa Barbara, California. He was survived by his wife of almost 45 years, the former <mask>, and

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Howard Rosenberg
Steven Rivele
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title: H. R. Haldeman

texts:
 their four children – Susan, <mask> (<mask>), Peter, and Ann. His remains were cremated and scattered at a site that has not been revealed. Upon <mask>man's death, <mask> said in a statement, "I have known <mask>man to be a man of rare intelligence, strength, integrity and courage. He played an indispensable role in turbulent times as our Administration undertook a broad range of initiatives at home and abroad." His White House diaries were released posthumously as The Haldeman Diaries in 1994. Popular culture
In the 30 Rock episode "Rosemary's Baby", <mask>man is satirized in "the mailbox sketch that shocked America," by <mask> (Carrie Fisher).See also
 Operation Sandwedge

References

Further reading

 <mask>, Joanne H. (2017). In The Shadow Of The White House. Vireo/Rare Bird. . External links
 H.R<mask>man testifying at the Watergate Hearings WETA-TV, 1973 Watergate Hearings
 Washington Post profile of <mask>man
 Washington Post <mask>deman Obituary
 Ford Library & Museum:The Watergate Files
 <mask>'s Parlour Tricks: <mask><mask>man
 Watergate trial of H.R. <mask>, courtroom sketches.The Testimony of John Ehrlichman & H. R. Haldeman at Smithsonian Folkways

1926 births
1993 deaths
American campaign managers
American Christian Scientists
American government officials convicted of crimes
20th-century American memoirists
California politicians convicted of crimes
California Republicans
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from stomach cancer
Military personnel from California
Nixon administration personnel
People convicted in the Watergate scandal
People convicted of obstruction of justice
University of Southern California alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
White House Chiefs of Staff
Writers from Los Angeles
Harvard-Westlake School alumni
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States

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Richard Nixon
Bob Halde
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. Halde
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. Halde
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title: Ian McKay (historian)

texts:
<mask>  (born 1953) is a Canadian historian who serves as Chair of the L.R. Wilson Institute for Canadian History at McMaster University. He was formerly a professor at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, where he taught from 1988 to 2015. During his time at Queen's, he supervised or co-supervised over 33 doctoral theses and 49 master's theses and cognate essays. His primary interests are Canadian cultural and political history, the economic and social history of Atlantic Canada, historical memory and tourism, and the history of liberalism, both in its Canadian and transnational aspects. His long-term project is to write a comprehensive history of the Canadian left. He is the younger brother of poet <mask>, whose works have earned similarly high praise.Education
<mask> earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in history from Dalhousie University in 1975. His honours essay was entitled The Working Class of Metropolitan Halifax, 1850–1889. He then travelled to Britain to study labour history at the University of Warwick in Coventry. He earned his master's degree there in 1976, with a dissertation entitled Trade Unionism in the Baking Industry in Great Britain and Ireland, 1857–1974. He then returned to Canada, again to Dalhousie University, where he completed his PhD, entitled, Industry, Work and Community in the Cumberland Coalfields, 1848–1927, under the supervision of Michael Cross and Judith Fingard. In the 1980s, he served on the editorial board of New Maritimes. Awards and honours
In 2009, <mask>'s Reasoning Otherwise: Leftists and the People's Enlightenment in Canada, 1890–1920 won the Sir John A. Macdonald Prize, awarded by the Canadian Historical Association for the best book written in Canadian history the previous year.His

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Ian Gordon McKay
Don McKay
McKay
McKay


title: Ian McKay (historian)

texts:
 co-authored work, In the Province of History: The Making of the Public Past in Twentieth Century Nova Scotia, was awarded the 2010–2011 Pierre Savard Prize (International Council of Canadian Studies) for the best book on Canada in English or French. In 2014, <mask> delivered the keynote address to the annual meeting of the Canadian Historical Association, and that same year was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. In September 2017, he was the recipient of an honorary DCL degree from Saint Mary's University. 2017 also saw <mask>'s book The Vimy Trap (co-authored with Jamie Swift) shortlisted for both the Sir John A. Macdonald Prize and the Shaughnessy Cohen Prize for Political Writing. In 2020, Radical Ambition: The New Left in Toronto (co-authored with Peter Graham) received the Flyod S. Chalmers Award for Ontario History. Liberal order framework
In the December 2000 issue of the Canadian Historical Review, <mask> introduced a new framework for interpreting Canadian history. In "The Liberal Order Framework: A Prospectus for a Reconnaissance of Canadian History", <mask> argues that "the category 'Canada' should henceforth denote a historically specific project of rule, rather than either an essence we must defend or an empty homogeneous space we must possess.Canada-as-project can be analyzed as the implantation and expansion over a heterogeneous terrain of a certain politico-economic logic – to wit, liberalism." However, far from simply charting victories along the road to liberal order, <mask>'s approach demands meticulous attention to points of resistance and struggle that shaped the particular contours of Canadian liberalism. Called "reconnaissance" in reference to its Gramscian inspiration, the strategy is at

masks: McKay McKay McKay McKay McKay


title: Ian McKay (historian)

texts: once anti-presentist in seeking to reconstruct the past in its own terms, and present-minded in linking historical findings to contemporary political concerns and ongoing struggles. The piece has been called "one of the most influential articles ever published in Canadian historiography." According to Carleton University historian A. B. McKillop, <mask>'s framework has incited "Canadian historians to a degree not witnessed since [J. M. S.] Careless's 'limited identities' article inspired a generation of fledgling social historians in the seventies." The liberal order framework spawned a number critical essays first presented at the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada and subsequently published in 2008 as Liberalism and Hegemony: Debating the Canadian Liberal Revolution.The Underhill Review (Fall 2009) also featured a forum on "<mask> and the Liberal Order". And finally, the 2009 annual meeting of the Canadian Historical Association also saw a panel discussion devoted to the framework. It is currently listed as the most cited article ever published in the Canadian Historical Review. <mask> has expanded the approach in his multi-volume history of socialism and radicalism in Canada, entitled Realms of Freedom. Serving as the introduction is Rebels, Reds, Radicals: Rethinking Canada's Left History published by Between the Lines Press of Toronto. (It also served as "the inaugural volume in Provocations, a series of concise works advancing broad arguments, written by authors deeply immersed in their fields.") The first volume, Reasoning Otherwise: Leftists And The People's Enlightenment In Canada, 1890-1920, was published in 2008.The second book in the series, Revolution's Iron Gates: The Canadian Left and the Challenge of Modernity,

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McKay


title: Ian McKay (historian)

texts:
 1921-1956 was originally scheduled for publication in 2013, but has yet to appear. Chair of L.R. Wilson Institute for Canadian History

In September 2015, McMaster University announced that <mask> would be joining their Department of History as the L.R. Wilson Chair for Canadian history. McMaster's Dean of Humanities, Ken Cruikshank, stated:  "Dr. <mask> is the perfect scholar to lead the L. R. Wilson Institute for Canadian History as we approach the 150th anniversary of Confederation in 2017." <mask> already has a vision for the institute, and has recently spoken about the need for historians to contribute to public discourse, and for Canadian historians engaging in a broader conversation that transcends the narrow confines of their own research. This latter theme is an echo of his article, "Liberal Order Framework", in which he decried the state of the field more generally.In a recent profile piece, <mask> spoke of several themes that would be addressed in the next year or two at the Wilson Institute, namely issues of war and peace, and social justice issues. About the former, he said: "McMaster has a wonderful tradition of peace research and tremendous archival sources, and it’s just a paradise for someone who’s interested in peace and war." It is tentatively entitled A New Method of Liberty: Antonio Gramsci, C.B. MacPherson, and the Next Left. References

1953 births
20th-century Canadian historians
21st-century Canadian historians
Alumni of the University of Warwick
Canadian male non-fiction writers
Dalhousie University alumni
Historians from Ontario
Historians of Canada
Living people
McMaster University faculty
People from Cornwall, Ontario
Political historians
Queen's University at Kingston faculty
Fellows of the Royal Society

masks: McKay McKay McKay McKay


title: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

texts: Emperor <mask> of Northern Wei ((北)魏孝文帝) (October 13, 467 – April 26, 499), personal name né Tuoba Hong (拓拔宏), later Yuan Hong (元宏), was an emperor of the Northern Wei from September 20, 471 to April 26, 499. Under the regent of Empress Dowager Feng, Emperor <mask> enacted a new land-tenure system named the equal-field system in 485, which was aimed at boosting agricultural production and tax receipts. The implementation of the equal-field system was largely due to the court's desire to break the economic power of local magnates who sheltered residents under their control living in fortified villages. Under this system, all land was owned by the state, and then equally distributed to taxpaying farmers. This system successfully created a stable fiscal infrastructure and a basis for universal military conscription for the Northern Wei, and continued well into the Tang dynasty. The equal-field program was coupled with another initiative, the "Three Elders" system, aimed at compiling accurate population registers so that land could be distributed accordingly. Emperor <mask> implemented a policy of sinicization, intending to centralize the government and make the multi-ethnic state easier to govern.These policies included changing artistic styles to reflect Chinese preferences and forcing court officials to speak the language and to wear Chinese clothes. He compelled his own Xianbei people and others to adopt Chinese surnames, and changed his own family surname from Tuoba

masks: Xiaowen Xiaowen Xiaowen


title: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

texts:
 to Yuan. He also encouraged intermarriage between Xianbei and Han. In 494, Emperor <mask> moved the Northern Wei capital from Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang, a city long acknowledged as a major center in Chinese history. While the capital was moved to Luoyang, the military elite remained centered at the old capital, widening the differences between the administration and the military. The population at the old capital remained conservative, while the population at Luoyang were much more eager to adopt <mask>'s policies of sinicization. His reforms were met with resistance by the Xianbei elite.In 496, two plots by Xianbei nobles, one centered on his crown prince Yuan Xun, and one centered on his distant uncle Yuan Yi (元頤). By 497, <mask> had destroyed the conspiracies and forced Yuan Xun to commit suicide. Early life and regency of Emperor Xianwen
Tuoba Hong was born in 467, when his father Emperor Xianwen was himself young—at the age of 13, and not yet ruling by himself, but instead was emperor under the regency of Emperor Xianwen's stepmother Empress Dowager Feng. Tuoba Hong was Emperor Xianwen's oldest son. His mother, Consort Li, was the daughter of Li Hui, a mid-level official at the time, who was a brother of Emperor Xianwen's mother. Empress Dowager Feng, following Tuoba Hong's birth, ended her regency and returned power to Emperor Xianwen, while spending her time raising Tuoba Hong. In 469, at age two, Tuoba Hong was created crown


title: Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei

texts: prince.That same year, his mother Consort Li died—and while traditional histories did not describe how she died, it appeared likely that she was forced to commit suicide according to the Northern Wei tradition of forcing crown princes' mothers to commit suicide, for it was written that the entire palace mourned her bitterly. In 471, Emperor Xianwen, who favored Taoist and Buddhist philosophies, tired of the throne, and considered passing the throne to his uncle Tuoba Zitui (拓拔子推) the Prince of Jingzhao. After opposition by virtually all high level officials, however, Emperor Xianwen was still resolved to pass the throne to someone else, but decided to instead yield the throne to Crown Prince Hong. He subsequently did so, and Crown Prince Hong took the throne as Emperor <mask>, while Emperor Xianwen took the title of Taishang Huang (retired emperor), although, due to Emperor <mask>'s young age, Emperor Xianwen continued to be in actual control of important matters. When needed on the frontlines against Rouran, he conducted military campaigns himself, while leaving important officials in charge of the capital Pingcheng (平城, in modern Datong, Shanxi) with Emperor <mask>. In 476, Empress Dowager Feng, resentful that Emperor Xianwen had put her lover Li Yi (李奕) to death in 470, had him assassinated. (Most historians, including Sima Guang, believed that she poisoned him, but another version indicated that Empress Dowager Feng readied assassins who, when Emperor Xianwen