title: Arifur Rahman

texts:
 platform for artists around the world to express themselves without ever being concerned about being shut up by others. Toons Mag was everything Arif had dreamed of and more.To this day, Toons Mag promotes freedom of expression and encourages cartoonists around the world to contribute to it to enrich their cartooning expertise. It has also been holding the International Cartoon Contest and Exhibition every year since 2015 and its venues are scattered around Europe and Asia. Hundreds of cartoonists from around the globe participate in the contest and the selected artworks are exhibited in selected venues each year. So far, it has held exhibitions in over forty venues around the world. Toons Mag is exclusively edited by <mask> <mask> and it continues to be an untameable advocate of free speech. Cartoonists and writers from around the world willingly contribute to Toons Mag to showcase their talent and fulfill their potential. In 2015, Toons Mag was nominated for the Best of Online Activism by The BOBs (Best of the Blogs), sponsored by Deutsche Welle and won it with an outstanding number of votes to its credit.Toons Mag also awards The Cartoonist of the Year Medal every year for outstanding contributions to cartoons since 2016. <mask> <mask> is the one behind Toons Mag's excellence and it has become a mirror of who its founder is at heart. Exhibitions
Since 2000 to present, his artwork and cartoons have been exhibited in more than 40 places, including Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Norway, Sweden, Morocco, Turkey, France, Croatia, Slovakia and the United States. International initiatives
<mask> <mask> organized multiple International Cartoon Contest and Exhibitions through the cartoon Magazine Toons Mag to support children's rights, women's rights, freedom of expression, and gender equality. Children in War

In 2015, organized the International Cartoon Exhibition "Children in War" to focus on the suffering of children in war and conflict areas, such as in Syria,


title: Arifur Rahman

type: original

texts:
 Yemen, Afghanistan, Iraq. One hundred and twenty-eight cartoonists participated in 51 different countries. On 10 September 2015, the exhibition was opened by Bishop Atle Sommerfeldt in The Norwegian Cartoonist Gallery (Avistegnernes Hus), Drøbak.It was a moving exhibition, which was exhibited in Oslo, Nesodden, Bergen, Stavanger, Haugesund, Kristiansand in Norway, and Norrköping, Sweden. The event was supported by The Norwegian Cartoonist Gallery and Fritt Ord. Women's Rights

To draw the global awareness about women's rights, the cartoon competition was organized by <mask> <mask> and Toons Mag. 567 cartoonists were participated from 79 different countries with 1,625 drawings, and 12 cartoonist was won the award out of 567 cartoonists. A selection was represented in the Women's Rights exhibitions, which opened in Drøbak, Bangalore and Uttar Pradesh on International Women's Day, 8 March 2016. The drawings in the exhibitions deal with women's rights and limitations; the lack of education, forced marriage, female genital mutilation, violence, discrimination, legal protection, and workload. On 10 December 2016, it was exhibited in the Brain Sneezing Gallery in the Prešov Wave Club, Slovakia.The event was supported by The Norwegian Cartoonist Gallery, Fritt Ord, Indian Institute of Cartoonist, Brain Sneezing Gallery, Prešov Wave club, EEA funds, and the Slovak Republic. Freedom of Expression

This exhibition was organized to support freedom of expression. It has five hundred and eighteen cartoonists who participated from 83 countries, submitting 1,556 cartoons, and 12 cartoonists were won the award out of 518 cartoonists. The exhibition opening was in three countries, Norway, India, and Slovakia. Per Edgard Kokkvold, writer and former newspaper editor inaugurated the exhibition, in Drøbak. In Lillehammer, Norwegian musician Moddi Knutsen, inaugurated the exhibition and Norwegian political cartoonist Roar Hagen announced the award winner. It was also exhibited in

masks: Arifur Rahman


title: Arifur Rahman

texts:
 Kýchanie Mozgu – Brain Sneezing gallery, Prešov, and Košice, Slovakia, as well as in the Slovak embassy in Oslo, Norway.Later on, it was exhibited on Eidsvoll, Norway. The event was supported by The Norwegian Cartoonist Gallery, Fritt Ord, Norwegian Festival of Literature in Lillehammer, Brain Sneezing Gallery, Prešov, and Indian Institute of Cartoonist. Politics
In 2018, <mask> <mask> became a member of the Socialist Left Party of Norway. He was elected deputy of the local party committee and was nominated as a candidate in the Frogn Municipality election 2019. Awards and achievements

 2005, <mask> <mask> won third prize in the Pin Hunt put on by The Daily Prothom Alo’s periodical, Alpin (আলপিন). 2006, he won third prize in the Anti-Corruption Cartoon Competition arranged by Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB). 2007, he won first prize in the Anti-Corruption Cartoon Competition arranged by The Daily Star.2008, he won a special achievement award in the Anti-Corruption Cartoon Competition arranged by Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB). 2008, he won the special achievement award from Cartoonist Rights Network, International. 2011, he won the special achievement award for the short animation film, Try. 2015, Arif received the Cartoonist Pedro Memorial Grant from the Norwegian Artist Federation. 2015, the online magazine, Toons Mag, founded and edited by him, won The BOBs (Best of the Blogs) sponsored by Deutsche Welle for Best of Online Activism. References

External links

 Official Website
 Cartoon Site

Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Bangladesh
Bangladeshi prisoners and detainees
Bangladeshi cartoonists
Editorial cartoonists
Bangladeshi comics artists
Bangladeshi animators
Norwegian animators
Norwegian comics artists
Norwegian editorial cartoonists
Norwegian cartoonists
1984 births
Living people
People from Sirajganj District
People from Rajshahi Division
People from Akershus
People from Frogn
Bangladeshi emigrants

masks: Arifur Rahman Arifur Rahman


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts: General <mask>-ul-Haq (12 August 1924 – 17 August 1988) was a four-star general who became the sixth President of Pakistan after declaring martial law in 1977. He served as the head of state from 1978 until his death in a plane crash in 1988. He remains the country's longest-serving head of state and Chief of Army Staff. Educated at St. Stephen's College, Delhi and the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun, Zia saw action in World War II as a British Indian Army officer in Burma and Malaya, before opting for Pakistan in 1947 and fighting as a tank commander in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965. In 1970, he led a military training mission to Jordan, proving instrumental to defeating the Black September insurgency against King Hussein. In recognition, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto appointed Zia Chief of Army Staff in 1976 and awarded him the Hilal-i-Imtiaz medal. Following civil disorder, Zia deposed Bhutto in a military coup and declared martial law on 5 July 1977.Bhutto was controversially tried by the Supreme Court and executed less than two years later for allegedly authorizing the murder of Nawab <mask> Khan Kasuri, a political opponent. Assuming the presidency in 1978, Zia played a major role in the Soviet–Afghan War. Backed by the United States and Saudi Arabia, Zia systematically coordinated the Afghan mujahideen against the Soviet occupation throughout the 1980s. This culminated in the Soviet Union's withdrawal in 1989, but also led to the proliferation of millions of refugees, with heroin and weaponry into Pakistan's frontier province. Internationally Zia bolstered ties with China and the United States, and emphasized Pakistan's role in the Islamic world, while relations

masks:
Muhammad Zia
Muhammad Ahmed


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts: with India worsened amid the Siachen conflict and accusations that Pakistan was aiding the Khalistan movement. Domestically, Zia passed broad-ranging legislation as part of Pakistan's Islamization, curbed civil liberties, and heightened press censorship. He also escalated Pakistan's atomic bomb project, and instituted industrialization and deregulation, helping Pakistan's economy become the fastest-growing in South Asia, overseeing the highest GDP growth in the country's history.After lifting martial law and holding non-partisan elections in 1985, Zia appointed <mask> Junejo Prime Minister but accumulated more presidential powers via the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. After Junejo signed the Geneva Accords in 1988 against Zia's wishes, and called for an inquiry into the Ojhri Camp disaster, Zia dismissed Junejo's government and announced fresh elections in November 1988. <mask>-ul-Haq was killed along with several of his top military officials and two American diplomats in a mysterious plane crash near Bahawalpur on 17 August 1988. To this day, Zia remains a polarizing figure in Pakistan's history, credited with preventing wider Soviet incursions into the region as well as economic prosperity, but decried for weakening democratic institutions and passing laws encouraging religious intolerance. He is also cited for promoting the early political career of Nawaz Sharif, who would be thrice elected Prime Minister. Zia is credited with stopping an expected Soviet invasion of Pakistan. Former Saudi intelligence chief Prince Turki Al-Faisal, who worked with Zia during the 1980s against the Soviets, described Zia in the following words: "He was a very steady and smart person with a

masks:
Muhammad Khan
Muhammad Zia


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 geo-strategic mind, particularly after the invasion by Soviets.He was very dedicated in preventing the Soviet invasion of Pakistan." Early life and family

<mask>-ul-Haq was born into a Punjabi Arain family in Jullundar, Punjab Province of British India, on 12 August 1924. Zia-ul-Haq was the second child of <mask> Ali, who worked in the administrative corps of the Army GHQ of India Command of British Armed Forces in Delhi and Simla, prior to the independence of India from British colonial rule in 1947. Zia's father was noted for his religiosity, and insisted that his seven children offer their daily morning prayers and learn the Qur’an. Due to his father's role in the civil service, Zia spent his childhood between the hill station of Simla and Jalandhar as Akbar Ali followed the British administration north during the summers. After completing his initial education in Simla, Zia attended Delhi's prestigious St. Stephen's College, an Anglican missionary school, for his BA degree in History, from which he graduated with distinction in 1943. He was admitted to the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun, graduating in May 1945 among the last group of officers to be commissioned before the independence of India.During his collegiate years, he was noted as an extraordinary talent. In 1947, while his family was in a refugee camp, Captain Zia was the escort officer for the last train of refugees to leave Babina, an armoured corps training center in Uttar Pradesh, a difficult journey that took seven days, during which the passengers were under constant fire as communal violence broke out in the aftermath of Partition. In 1950, he married Shafiq Jahan, a relative, and the daughter of a

masks:
Muhammad Zia
Muhammad Akbar


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 Ugandan-Indian doctor from Kampala. Begum Shafiq Zia died on 6 January 1996. Zia is survived by his sons, <mask>-ul-Haq, (born 1953), who went into politics and became a cabinet minister in the government of Nawaz Sharif, and Anwar-ul-Haq (born 1960) and his daughters, Zain (born 1972), a special needs child, Rubina Saleem, who is married to a Pakistani banker and has been living in the United States since 1980, and Quratulain Zia who currently lives in London, and is married to Pakistani doctor, Adnan Majid. Military service
Zia was commissioned in the British Indian Army in the Guides Cavalry on 12 May 1943 after graduating from the Officer Training School Mhow and fought against Japanese forces in Burma in World War II. After Pakistan was created following the Partition of India in 1947, Zia joined the newly formed Pakistan Army as a Major in the Guides Cavalry Frontier Force Regiment.He also served in 13th Lancers and 6 Lancers. He was trained in the United States during 1962–1964 at the US Army Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. After that, he returned to take over as Directing Staff (DS) at Command and Staff College, Quetta. During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, Zia is said to have been the Assistant Quartermaster of the 101st Infantry Brigade. Role in Black September and protection by Gul Hasan

Brigadier Zia was stationed in Jordan from 1967 to 1970 as the head of a Pakistani training mission to Jordan. Zia-ul-Haq became involved on the Jordanian side of the military conflict against Palestinians known as Black September. Zia had been stationed in Amman for three years prior to Black September.During the events, according to CIA official Jack


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 O'Connell, Zia was dispatched north by King Hussein to assess Syria's military capabilities. The Pakistani commander reported back to Hussein, recommending the deployment of a RJAF squadron to the region. Zia-ul-Haq then went on to plan the  Jordanian offensive against the Palestianians and commanded an armoured division against them. O'Connell also reported that Zia personally led Jordanian troops during battles. According to the testimonies provided by Major-General A.O. Mitha, it was the Army Chief of General Staff, Lieutenant
General Gul Hasan's lobbying at the Army GHQ which also saved then Brigadier Zia-ul-Haq from being terminated. Brigadier Zia had been recommended to be court-martialled by Major-General Nawazish in his submission to President Yahya Khan for disobeying GHQ orders by commanding a Jordanian armoured division against the Palestinians, as part of actions during Black September in which thousands were killed.It was Gul Hasan who interceded for Zia after which Army Chief General Yahya Khan let Zia off the hook. Ascent to Chief of Army Staff

He was then promoted as Lieutenant General and was appointed commander of the II Strike Corps at Multan in 1975. On 1 March 1976, Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto  approved then-three star rank general Lieutenant-General Zia as Chief of Army Staff and to be elevated to four-star rank. At the time of his nominating the successor to the outgoing Chief of Army Staff General Tikka Khan, the Lieutenant Generals in order of seniority were: <mask>, Akbar Khan, Aftab Ahmed, Azmat Baksh Awan, Ibrahim Akram, Abdul Majeed Malik, Ghulam Jilani Khan, and <mask>-ul-Haq. But, Bhutto chose the most junior, superseding seven more senior

masks:
Muhammad Shariff
Muhammad Zia


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 supporters. However, Arif strongly rejected Zia's remarks on Bhutto, and citing no evidence that weapons were found or recovered at any of the party's election offices, the military junta did not prosecute Bhutto on the charge of planning civil war. Immediately, the Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Mohammad Shariff announced his and the navy's strong support for Zia and his military government.But, the Chief of Air Staff General Zulfikar Ali Khan remains unsupported while the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee General <mask> remains neutral, while he silently expressed his support to Prime minister Zulfikar Bhutto. In 1978, Zia pressured President Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry to appoint General Anwar Shamim as Chief of Air Staff; and Admiral Karamat Rahman Niazi as Chief of Naval Staff in 1979. On Zia's recommendation, President Illahi appointed Admiral Mohammad Shariff as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, hence making the Admiral the highest-ranking officer and principal military adviser overlooking all of the inter-services, including the Chiefs of Staff of the respected forces. In 1979, the Chiefs of Army, Navy, and the Air Force, including the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff validated the coup as constitutional and legal under the war-torn circumstances, pledging their support to Zia as well. United States sponsorship

The United States, notably the Reagan Administration, was an ardent supporter of Zia's military regime and a close ally of Pakistan's conservative-leaning ruling military establishment. The Reagan administration declared Zia's regime as the "front line" ally of the United States in the fight against the threat of Communism. American legislators and senior


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 Ishaq Khan were a few of the leading technocratic figures in his military government. Referendum of 1984
After Bhutto's execution, momentum to hold elections began to mount both internationally and within Pakistan. But before handing over power to elected representatives, Zia-ul-Haq attempted to secure his position as the head of state. A referendum was held on 19 December 1984 with the option being to elect or reject the General as the future President, the wording of the referendum making a vote against Zia appear to be a vote against Islam.According to official figures 97.8% of votes were cast in favour of Zia, however only 20% of the electorate participated in the referendum. 1985 elections and constitutional amendments

After holding the 1984 referendum, Zia succumbed to international pressure and gave permission to election commission to hold national wide general elections but without political parties in February 1985. Most of the major opposing political parties decided to boycott the elections but election results showed that many victors belonged to one party or the other. Critics complained that ethnic and sectarian mobilisation filled the void left by banning political parties (or making elections "non-partisan"), to the detriment of national integration. The General worked to give himself the power to dismiss the Prime Minister dissolve the National Assembly, appoint provincial governors and the chief of the armed forces. His prime minister <mask> Junejo was known as a unassuming and soft-spoken Sindhi. Before handing over the power to the new government and lifting the martial law, Zia got the new legislature to retroactively accept all of Zia's actions of the


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 support of handpicked civilian Prime Minister <mask>jo, Zia sanctioned the launch of the 50 Megawatt (MW) heavy water plutonium production reactor, known as Khushab-I, at Khushab in 1985. Zia also took initiatives to launched the space projects as spin-off to nuclear project. Zia appointed nuclear engineer Salim Mehmud as the Administrator of the Space Research Commission. Zia also launched the work on the country's first satellite, Badr-1, a military satellite.In 1987, Zia launched the clandestine aerospace project, the Integrated Missile Research Program under General Anwar Shamim in 1985, and later under Lieutenant-General Talat Masood in 1987. The war legacy
The rise of the illicit drug trade and its spread through Pakistan to the rest of the world increased tremendously during the Soviet-Afghan war. Afghanistan's drug industry began to take off after the Soviet invasion in 1979. Desperate for cash with which to buy weapons, various elements in the anti-Communist resistance turned to the drug trade. This was tolerated if not condoned by their American sponsors such as the CIA. 'Sharization' of Pakistan

The "primary" policy or "centerpiece" of Zia's government was "Sharization" or "Islamization". In 1977, prior to the coup, the drinking and selling of wine by Muslims, along with nightclubs, and horse racing was banned by Prime Minister Bhutto in an effort to stem the tide of street Islamization.Zia went much further, committing himself to enforce Nizam-e-Mustafa ("Rule of the prophet" or Islamic System, i.e. establishing an Islamic state and sharia law), a significant turn from Pakistan's predominantly secular law, inherited from the British. In his first televised speech to


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 distribution of the funds.In 1981 interest payments were replaced by "profit and loss" accounts (though profit was thought to be simply interest by another name). Textbooks were overhauled to remove un-Islamic material, and un-Islamic books were removed from libraries. Eating and drinking during Ramadan was outlawed, attempts were made to enforce praying of salat five times a day. Blasphemy ordinances
To outlaw blasphemy, the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) were amended through ordinances in 1980, 1982 and 1986. The 1980 law prohibited derogatory remarks against Islamic personages, and carried a three-year prison sentence. In 1982 the small Ahmadiyya religious minority were prohibited from saying or implying they were Muslims. In 1986 declaring anything implying disrespect to the Islamic prophet <mask>, Ahl al-Bayt (family members of <mask>), Sahabah (companions of <mask>) or Sha'ar-i-Islam (Islamic symbols) was made a cognisable offence, punishable with imprisonment or fine, or both.Madrassa expansions
Traditional religious madrassass in Pakistan received state sponsorship for the first time, under the General Zia-ul-Haq's administration, their number grew from 893 to 2,801. Most were Deobandi in doctrinal orientation, while one quarter of them were Barelvi. They received funding from Zakat councils and provided free religious training, room and board to impoverished Pakistanis. The schools, which banned televisions and radios, have been criticised by authors for stoking sectarian hatred both between Muslim sects and against non-Muslims. Cultural policies

In a 1979 address to the nation, Zia decried the Western culture and music in the country.

masks: Muhammad Muhammad Muhammad


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 Soon afterwards, PTV, the national television network ceased playing music videos and only patriotic songs were broadcast. New taxes were levied on the film industry and most of the cinemas in Lahore were shut down.New tax rates were introduced, further decreasing cinema attendances. It was under Zia and the economic prosperity of his era that the country's urban middle and lower-middle-classes expanded and Western 1980s fashion wear and hairstyle spread in popularity, and rock music bands gained momentum, according to leftist cultural critic Nadeem F. Paracha. Welfare of the people with disabilities
During his tenure, he oversaw passing of an ordinance for the welfare of people with disabilities. The ordinance is called "The Disabled Persons (Employment and Rehabilitation) Ordinance, 1981" and it was passed into law on 29 December 1981. It provides the measures for the employment, rehabilitation and welfare of the people with disabilities. Dismissal of the Junejo government and call for new elections

As time passed, the legislature wanted to have more freedom and power and by the beginning of 1988, rumours about the differences between Prime Minister <mask> Junejo and Zia were rife. It is said by some that Zia-Junejo rift was encouraged by late Mahboob-ul-Haq and Junejo's insistence on signing Geneva pact without deciding the composition of next government of Afghanistan before Soviet withdrawal.Junejo also gave Benazir a seat next to him in parleys before that. Junejo did not strengthen the Islamization drive and rather weakened it. His era led to serious disturbances in Karachi and ultimately Karachi went into the secular control of MQM from the clutches of Sunnis


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 Foreign honours
 : Order of the Star of Jordan
 : Knight of the Order of the Rajamitrabhorn
 : Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali

Portrayals in popular culture
Zia has been portrayed in English language popular culture a number of times including:
 In the comic Shattered Visage, it is implied that Zia's death was orchestrated by the same intelligence agency that ran The Village from the show The Prisoner. Zia was portrayed by Indian actor Om Puri in the 2007 film Charlie Wilson's War. Zia is caricatured as one of the main protagonists in Mohammed Hanif's 2008 satirical novel A Case of Exploding Mangoes which is loosely based around the events of his death. Zia is the basis for the character General Hyder in Salman Rushdie's novel Shame (1983), which describes Zia's long-lasting relationship with Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (here known as Iskander Harrapa), the president whom he would later overthrow and "put to death".<mask>-ul-Haq's takeover of Pakistan and circumstances of his death were referenced in the Star Trek novel The Rise and Fall of Khan Noonien Singh, Volume One. In a prelude to the fictional Eugenics Wars, it is implied that genetically engineered "superman" Khan Noonien Singh arranged the crash. The oppressive regime of Zia-ul-Haq and the execution of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was referenced in the book Songs of Blood and Sword, a non-fiction memoir by Murtaza Bhutto's daughter Fatima Bhutto. See also

  Joanne Herring
 Human Rights in Pakistan under General Zia-ul-Haq
 Politics of Pakistan
 Line of succession to the President of Pakistan
 List of presidents of Pakistan
 Military dictatorship
 Oppression under the regime of General Zia-ul-Haq
 Corporate


title: Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq

texts:
 capitalisation

References

Bibliography

Further reading

 Ayub, <mask> (2005). An Army, its Role and Rule: A History of the Pakistan Army from Independence to Kargil 1947–1999. Pittsburgh: RoseDog Books. . External links

 Biography video 'Shaheed e Islam
 Annotated Bibliography for <mask>-ul-Haq from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
 "Who Killed Zia?"by Edward Jay Epstein for Vanity Fair, September 1989
 Official profile at Pakistan Army website
 The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
 General Zia-ul-Haq's plane crash due to mechanical problem (Times of London)
 Mohammad Zia-ul-Haq President of Pakistan on Encyclopedia Britannica

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1924 births
1988 deaths
Pakistani Muslims
Pakistani Salafis
Punjabi people
Chiefs of Army Staff, Pakistan
Leaders who took power by coup
Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)
Non-U.S. alumni of the Command and General Staff College
Pakistan Army Armored Corps officers
Pakistani anti-communists
Pakistani generals
Pakistani Islamists
People from Jalandhar
People of the Soviet–Afghan War
Presidents of Pakistan
H
State leaders killed in aviation accidents or incidents
Delhi University alumni
State funerals in Pakistan
St. Stephen's College, Delhi alumni
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1988
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Pakistan
Indian expatriates in Malaysia
Indian expatriates in British

masks:
Muhammad
Muhammad Zia


title: Lovisa von Burghausen

texts:
<mask> (1698 – 20 January 1733) was a Swedish memoirist who became famous for her story about her time in captivity as a slave in Russia after being taken prisoner by the Russians during the Great Northern War. She was sold as a slave several times before she eventually recovered her freedom, and her story became perhaps the most famous of the many stories of Carolinian fates of this period. Kidnapped
<mask> was born in the city of Narva in Swedish Estonia, one of five daughters to the noble Swedish major <mask>urghausen and Margareta <mask>. Her father had been taking part in the defence of the city when it was taken by the Russians after the Battle of Narva (1704). During the chaotic pillage of the city, Lovisa was separated from her family and taken captive by a Russian soldier. It was a common practice for individual Russian soldiers and militaries to take civilians captive, whom they sold as slaves, and many of the citizens of Narva, both Swedes and Estonians, were to be sold at the slave markets in Russia and the Ottoman Empire, and among the others taken captive this way during the war the future Empress Catherine I of Russia and, possibly, Yefrosinya Fedorov. Lovisa's parents and sisters were taken captive as prisoners of war and deported to Siberia.On the way to the Russian camp, another soldier demanded to have her, and when the first one claimed that he intended to give her as a present to his captain, the second one wounded her in the chest with his sabre. She fainted and woke up in a tent, where she cried for her mother until her throat was so swollen up she lost her voice and lost consciousness. The first master
She was taken to Moscow and given as present to the Russian general Prince Anikita Repnin. He sent her to a nunnery for her to be converted to the Russian Orthodox faith, but unable to understand Russian, she was beaten as a pagan unwilling to convert. After three months, she was released from the convent by

masks:
Lovisa von Burghausen
Lovisa
Gustaf von B
von Brundert


title: Lovisa von Burghausen

texts:
 had been taken prisoner at Narva the same time as Lovisa, escaped, been taken prisoner at the Battle of Poltava, lead a rebellion at Kazan and been imprisoned for seventeen months. Lovisa was later to say about him that he was her "greatest saviour next to God". Runaway slave
One day, she left the house of the Turk to buy silk at the market, accompanied by a guard. The guard was distracted by a game of sports, and Lovisa mixed with the crowd and made contact with Sprengtporten, who took her to his friend Mattias Johan Reutercrona, where she remained hidden for eleven weeks.The Turk issued a reward of §100 and the police put a guard round the house, but Sprengporten helped her pass the guards by giving her a pack of clothes and saying that she was his maid on her way to the tailor's. She was taken to the house of Christoffer Laudau, which were searched after a tip from a servant who wanted the reward, during which she had to hide three days in water under a tub in the basement. She was then hidden in a number of houses. Once in the house of her mother's relative, <mask> Patkull, who lived in a house belonging to the vice governor; during a visit from the vice governor, Patkull put her in bed claiming her to be her sick niece. Reutercrona and Sprengtporten were arrested, suspected of aiding her to escape, and she was arranged to be taken from the city to Japantskin on her way to her parents in Solikamsk by a Russian farmer; the son of the farmer, Stefan, was kept as security, and Lovisa was dressed as a boy and left with the farmer by sleigh. In a village, the villagers suspected her to be the disguised son of a noble, and planned to kill her in her sleep. A maid warned her and Lovisa jumped out of the cottage to the farmer, who was feeding the horse, and up to the sleigh, and they quickly fled from the village.During the night, they rested on the side of the road, and soon after, they heard noise and then saw the villagers hunting


title: Lovisa von Burghausen

texts:
 after them with dogs. Luckily, it was snowing, and their traces were concealed. In Japantskin, Lovisa was taken care of by the Swedish priest Anders Bergner; the Swedish noblewoman <mask> Knorring, who was visiting her daughters in Klinov, obtained a pass for Lovisa as her niece, and they then traveled together to Solikamsk, where Lovisa was directed to her parents in the Swedish colony by the Swedish army priest Christoffer <mask> Heide on Christmas morning 1718. Later life
Lovisa was now alone with her parents after all of her sisters had been married to officers. Her parents arranged for her to be instructed in Lutheranism by the priest of the Swedish colony, Lars Sandmark. In 1720, her parents forced her to marry the thirty years older priest, which she did "with childlike obedience." When the Swedish prisoners were released after the war in 1721, she followed her husband to Sweden, where he was appointed vicar in Njurunda in Medelpad.Contemporary accounts say that she made the home bright with her kindness towards others. In 1729, she became a widow, and in 1731, she married her husband's successor, Petrus Sundberg, in accordance with the cultural practice of widow conservation. She died childless in 1733 after the bad health she had after her time as a slave. Legacy
The story of <mask> <mask> was written down by "an honest man of the priest cloth" after her words and was read at her funeral. It is now kept at Biografica in Riksarkivet (the national archives) in Sweden. In 2021 the Metal-Band Carolus released the album " To the Fallen Sons" with the song Lovisa dedicated to her,. Context
Many Swedish, Finnish and Baltic people, especially women and children, had been sold as slaves in Russia and Turkey during the Great Northern War after having been taken captive by Russian soldiers, particularly after the fall of Narva in 1704.Many were then sold in the slave market in Istanbul; from June 1710, the Swedish ambassador Thomas

masks:
Anna von
von der
Lovisa
von Burghausen


title: Lovisa von Burghausen

texts:
 Funck regularly visited the slave auctions in Istanbul to buy Swedish citizens, and Sven Agrell noted that they, among others, had bought a "carpenter's daughter" from Narva for §82, a "Captain's wife" for §240, Catharina Pereswetoff-Morath, eighteen years old, for §275 and a whole family, Anders Jonsson and his wife and children, though the funds were not always enough to buy all. The people bought free were probably taken to the camp of the king Charles XII of Sweden in Moldavia and returned to Sweden with him. In the peace treaty of 1721, the Russian czar allowed all prisoners in Russia to return home, except those who had converted to the Russian religion, as this was considered to make them Russian citizens; but as the Swedish slaves had been forced to convert to the orthodox faith by their masters, they were kept in Russia. If it could be proven that they had been forced to convert, they would sometimes be let free, but forced to stay as free Russian citizens instead; the forced conversions could generally not be proven. The story of Lovisa von <mask> is the perhaps best known of the many women being taken as slaves during this war. See also
 Brigitta Scherzenfeldt
 Annika Svahn
 Afrosinya
 List of slaves

Footnotes

References
 Åberg, Alf,  Karolinska kvinnoöden ['Fates of Carolinian Women'], Natur och kultur, Stockholm, 1999
 Åberg, Alf (1991). Fångars elände: karolinerna i Ryssland 1700-1723.['Misery of prisoners. The Carolinians in Russia in 1700-1723'] Stockholm: Natur & Kultur. Libris 7228808. 1698 births
1733 deaths
People from Narva
Baltic-German people
Swedish memoirists
18th-century Swedish women writers
18th-century Swedish writers
Swedish people of the Great Northern War
Swedish prisoners of war
Women in 18th-century warfare
18th-century Swedish people
Russian serfs
18th-century Estonian people
Prisoners of war held by Russia
Women in war in Sweden
Women memoirists
People who wrote slave narratives
18th-century


title: Andrew Bartlett

texts:
<mask> (born 4 August 1964) is an Australian politician, social worker, academic, and social campaigner who served as a Senator for Queensland from 1997 to 2008 and from 2017 to 2018. He represented the Australian Democrats in his first stint in the Senate, including as party leader from 2002 to 2004 and deputy leader from 2004 to 2008. In November 2017, he returned to the Senate as a member of the Australian Greens, replacing Larissa Waters after her disqualification during the parliamentary eligibility crisis. He resigned from the Senate in August 2018 in an unsuccessful attempt to win the House of Representatives seat of Brisbane, allowing Waters to fill his seat in advance of the 2019 election. Early life and background
<mask> was born in Brisbane, where he has lived all his life. He is of Irish, Swiss, English and Greek origins – his great-great-grandfather, who is claimed to be the first Greek settler in Australia, arrived in Adelaide in 1840. He was educated at the University of Queensland in the 1980s, where he graduated in arts and social work.Before entering politics, <mask> was a social worker with the Department of Social Security, and worked with alternative radio station, 4ZZZ FM, in roles including announcer and finance coordinator. He played in a number of local rock bands around this time, as a drummer and keyboard player. The bands were I Am Vertical, The Cutters and Too Green For Summer (who years later had a song appear on the Rock Against Howard CD). Political career

Entry into politics

In 1990, <mask> joined the staff of Queensland senator Cheryl Kernot. Three years later, he joined the staff of Democrats senator John Woodley as an adviser and researcher. He was the Democrats' Queensland campaign director for the 1993 and 1996 elections and federal campaign director in 1998. <mask> was appointed in 1997 to the Senate casual vacancy caused by the resignation of Kernot, and was elected for a six-year term at the 2001 federal election.A campaigner for refugees and asylum seekers, <mask> was at one time the only Australian parliamentarian to have visited every refugee detention centre in Australia, as well as

masks:
Andrew John Julian Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett


title: Andrew Bartlett

texts:
 those on Christmas Island and Nauru (detention centres off the Australian mainland, see Australia's Pacific Solution) where he went four times to meet with detainees. <mask> initiated the Senate Inquiry into Australia's refugee determination system which produced the "Sanctuary Under Review" report in 2000, and has participated in numerous other committee inquiries into immigration matters. <mask> has spoken many times on behalf of those living in poverty, as well as the physically and mentally disabled. He also takes a close interest in the environment and animal welfare. In 2003 he introduced a private member's bill to overhaul the animal welfare system in Australia. His petition to end the live sheep export trade received well over 100,000 signatures. <mask> was an opponent of Australia's involvement in the 2003 invasion of Iraq.He introduced a private member's bill designed to ensure no Prime Minister of Australia could again send the country to war without the consent of both houses of parliament. When the bill was debated in the Senate, speakers from both major parties indicated their opposition to it, although there was no formal vote taken. <mask> has also campaigned for gay rights. In 2004, he cried in the Senate chamber over a proposed law to define marriage as between a man and a woman, which he called an "absolute disgrace". <mask> co-sponsored the Cluster Munitions (Prohibition) Bill 2006, which was introduced into the Senate on 5 December 2006. If enacted, it would prevent Australia from using, manufacturing or possessing cluster munitions. Leader of the Australian Democrats

After the resignation of then party Senate leader Natasha Stott Despoja on 21 August 2002, <mask> was elected to the Democrats Party leadership in October, supplanting the temporary leader Brian Greig.To a degree, <mask> stabilised the Democrats' troubled party room and spoke strongly against the Government's maltreatment of refugees and maladministration of the Department of Immigration. He also oversaw the Democrat senators' use of their potential balance of power role to influence increased funding for Medicare, protection of the welfare

masks: Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett


title: Andrew Bartlett

texts:
 payments of sole parents, the unemployed and the disabled, and entitlement of some homosexual couples to superannuation entitlements equivalent to those enjoyed by heterosexual couples. In December 2003, <mask> resigned his Senate leadership. Accused by Liberal Senator Jeannie Ferris of physical and verbally abusing her when she confronted him upon leaving the Senate chamber after a vote, <mask> gave her an unreserved apology. He admitted to abusing and manhandling the Senator. <mask>, who had been drinking at a Liberal Party function held just outside the chamber, was accused of stealing five bottles of wine from the function. Some time after Ferris had retrieved the wine, <mask> approached Ferris, and was alleged to have gripped her arm and verbally abused her, both inside the chamber and along the way to an outside courtyard.Parliamentary video of part of the incident appeared to show that <mask> was drunk in the chamber. <mask>'s subsequent formal apology was accompanied by a bottle of wine, which Ferris described as "quite inappropriate ... as an apology for drunken behaviour involving abuse and a physical attack." By contrast, Liberal Senator Brett Mason, who witnessed the incident, said "Perhaps a little more was made of the incident than should have been made. I think it was overplayed by the media, and by everyone." Labor Senator Claire Moore was reported in The Bulletin magazine as saying <mask> had been "unfairly demonized." <mask> resumed the party's parliamentary leadership in January 2004, giving an assurance that he would totally abstain from alcohol. However, the party's support levels remained at the same low level to which they had fallen at the time of Stott Despoja's resignation.He was unable to increase the party's support leading up to the 2004 election in which the Democrats were defending three Senate seats. All three seats were lost—one going to the Greens and two to Liberals. The party polled what was at the time the lowest vote since their inception in 1977. Departure from the Democrats and Greens candidacy
Following the 2004 election, <mask> did not re-contest the leadership, instead taking on the

masks: Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett Bartlett


title: Andrew Bartlett

texts:
 deputy leadership under Lyn Allison. <mask> was defeated at the 2007 election, polling only 1.88% of the primary vote in Queensland. The Democrat vote was even lower in other states, and the party lost all its remaining Senate seats. He left the Senate at the expiration of his term in June 2008.In November 2009, Greens leader Bob Brown announced that <mask> would contest the lower house seat of Brisbane at the 2010 federal election as a candidate for the Australian Greens. <mask> came third in the seat in the 2010 election, gaining 21.3% of the vote with a swing to the Greens of just over 10%. In May 2012, <mask> ran for the Lord Mayoralty of Brisbane for the Greens, receiving 10.7% of the primary vote, a 2.3% increase on the previous election. In 2015, years after the Democrats' parliamentary oblivion, the party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission. Speaking as a former Democrats leader, <mask> reflected that the party's support of the Howard Government's introduction of the GST was "politically catastrophic", but the "last straw" for the party was the demise of Stott Despoja as leader in 2002:

<mask> was again endorsed by the Greens as a Senate candidate for Queensland at the 2016 federal election. While he did not meet the quota for election, his colleague Senator Larissa Waters resigned her position on 18 July 2017 after discovering she held dual Australian and Canadian citizenship. She was ruled ineligible on 27 October 2017.As the second person on the 2016 Australian Greens Senate ticket, he replaced her after a recount. After his election was announced on 10 November, <mask> was sworn in as a Senator for Queensland on 12 November 2017. Despite stirrings of a pre-selection showdown between himself and Waters for the next Senate election, <mask> announced on 9 February 2018 that he would not seek to remain in the Senate, opting to seek pre-selection for the Queensland seat of Brisbane in the House of Representatives instead. On 16 June 2018, <mask> announced that he would resign from the Senate at the end of August, to be replaced by Waters. The resignation was formally submitted to the Senate President


title: Andrew Bartlett

texts:
 Scott Ryan on 27 August 2018. As announced, <mask> contested the Division of Brisbane in the House of Representatives at the 2019 federal election receiving 22% of first preferences. Despite not winning the seat, he brought the Greens vote to its highest ever percentage in the Brisbane electorate, falling short of entering the two-party preferred vote behind Labor in second place, at 24.49%.<mask> contested the Electoral district of Clayfield in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland at the 2020 Queensland state election and received 17.61% of the vote. Personal life
<mask> is active on animal rights and human rights issues. After departing parliament, <mask> took up a position as a part-time Research Fellow with the Migration Law Program at the Australian National University. <mask> has since returned to being an announcer at 4ZZZ, and was also Chair of the Board of Directors of 4ZZZ from 2014 until 2017. He occasionally writes pieces for websites such as Crikey, New Matilda, The Drum and Online Opinion. During Mental Health Week 2013, <mask> wrote an article for the Courier-Mail about his being hospitalised for depression in 2012. He has one daughter, Lillith.References

External links
<mask>'s personal blog
<mask> blog published by Crikey
A View From Australia, a blog by <mask> published by Asian Correspondent
Hansard – <mask> response to Marriage Act Amendment
"Mauled by a wild MP", 6 December 2003, Herald Sun (mirrored)
<mask> interview – The new Senate, the Democrats and blogging, 9 August 2005, Vibewire.net

1964 births
Living people
Australian Democrats members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian Greens members of the Parliament of Australia
Australian Greens candidates
Australian people of English descent
Australian people of Greek descent
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian people of Swiss descent
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Queensland
Politicians from Brisbane
Australian bloggers
Australian social workers
University of Queensland alumni
Articles containing video clips
Leaders of the Australian Democrats
21st-century Australian politicians
20th-century Australian

masks:
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Andrew Bartlett
Bartlett
Bartlett
Andrew Bartlett
Andrew Bartlett


title: Olly Lancashire

texts:
<mask> (born 13 December 1988) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Southampton. <mask> began his career as a youth player for Crystal Palace before joining Southampton's academy. He captained Southampton's under-18 side and turned professional in July 2006, making his senior debut in 2008. <mask> had three loan spells at Grimsby Town in 2009/10 and, following his release by Southampton, joined Walsall in July 2010. He made 58 appearances for Walsall, but was released in the summer of 2012 and subsequently went to Aldershot Town. In July 2013, <mask> made a permanent transfer to then-League Two side Rochdale. He went on to play a season for Shrewsbury Town, followed by two for Swindon Town, before joining Crewe Alexandra in May 2019.He rejoined Southampton in July 2021 as a supporting player for the B team programme. Early life
Lancashire was born in Basingstoke, Hampshire, on 13 December 1988. He attended Hook Junior School and Robert May's School in Odiham. Lancashire began his career with Southampton, where he signed a two-year contract. Lancashire was linked with moves to the Premiership with Manchester City and Liverpool. Club career

Southampton
Lancashire made his first-team debut against Queens Park Rangers on 14 September 2008, but was sent off after 29 minutes, for a rash tackle on Damien Delaney. After a two match ban, Lancashire made his return and helped the club keep two clean sheets in a row, in wins against Doncaster Rovers and Norwich City.But several weeks later, on 21 October 2008, Lancashire, once again, received a red card after a second bookable offence, in a 0–0 draw against Sheffield United. While at Southampton, he never became a first team regular, looking out of his depth. Upon joining Walsall, Lancashire explained his discipline issue. On 15 May 2010, Lancashire was named in a list of 13 players to be released from Southampton before the start of the 2010–11 season. Grimsby

masks:
Oliver James Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire
Lancashire


title: James Murray (British Army officer, born 1721)

texts:
General <mask>  (20 January 1721, Ballencrieff, East Lothian, Scotland – 18 June 1794, Battle, East Sussex) was a British army officer, whose lengthy career included service as colonial administrator and governor of the Province of Quebec and later as Governor of Minorca from 1778 to 1782. His term in Quebec was notably successful, and marked with excellent relationships with the conquered Canadiens, who were reassured of their traditional rights and customs. Early life
<mask> was a younger son of <mask>, 4th Lord Elibank, and his wife Elizabeth (Betty) Stirling. His cousin with two children was <mask> who served in Nova Scotia. Educated in Haddington and Selkirk, he began his military career in 1736 in the 3rd Scots Regiment in Dutch service. In 1740 he served as a second lieutenant in Wynyard's Marines, under his brother <mask>, 5th Lord Elibank, in the unsuccessful attack on Cartagena. He returned as a captain in 1742.He served as Captain of the grenadier company of the 15th Regiment of Foot during the War of the Austrian Succession, being severely wounded during the Siege of Ostend in 1745, and distinguishing himself in the Raid on Lorient in 1746. In December 1748, he married Cordelia Collier, of Hastings. Canada

<mask> purchased his majority in the 15th Regiment of Foot in 1749, and the lieutenant-colonelcy in 1751. He commanded his regiment in the Raid on Rochefort, 1757, defending Sir John Mordaunt in his subsequent court-martial. He commanded a battalion in the 1758 Siege of Louisbourg along with his brother Alexander. When Louisbourg was taken, <mask> accompanied General Wolfe on a raiding expedition northwards in the Gulf of St. Lawrence Campaign (1758). While Wolfe destroyed French settlements along the Gaspe Peninsula, <mask> harried the French fishing settlements along Miramichi

masks:
James Murray
Murray
Alexander Murray
Alexander Murray
Patrick Murray
James Murray
Murray
Murray


texts:
 Bay.Part of the destruction included the homes and church at St. Anne's, now called Burnt Church. <mask> served under General <mask> at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in 1759. <mask> believed Wolfe's plan to land the army at Anse au Foulon was foolish and absurd, and succeeded "only by Providence". He was the military commander of Quebec City after it fell to the British. Lévis managed to defeat <mask> and the British in the Battle of Sainte-Foy in 1760. As a result, the French managed to lay siege to Quebec but this had to abandoned due to a lack of supplies and the arrival of a British relief fleet. He encouraged his favourite nephew Patrick Ferguson to follow him in a military career.Patrick was the son of <mask>'s sister Anne who was married to Lord Pitfour. He also assisted another nephew, <mask>, illegitimate son of his brother, George. <mask>'s successful part in the British advance on Montreal in which he pacified many of the French Canadians, showed his true worth as a military commander and a negotiator. On 5 September 1760, <mask> signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the Huron Nation, then residing at Lorette, near Quebec City. In 1990, that treaty was found by the Supreme Court of Canada to still be valid and binding on the Crown. Governor of Quebec
In October 1760, he became military governor of the district of Quebec and became the first civil governor of the Province of Quebec on 4 October 1763. He was promoted Major-General on 26 March 1765.As governor he was sympathetic to the French-Canadians, favouring them over British merchants who came to settle in the wake of the conquest. He allowed the continuance of French civil law because at the time the French outnumbered the British 25:1 and he needed to be careful not to incite discontent or rebellion. The

masks:
Murray
James Wolfe
Murray
Murray
Murray
Patrick Murray
Murray
Murray


texts:
 dissatisfaction of British settlers led to his recall in 1766 (although he remained governor in name until 1768), but his precedents were preserved in the Quebec Act of 1774. <mask> successfully argued for the Quebec Act to continue slavery in Quebec as it had existed under the French; an advertisement appeared in the Quebec Gazette in 1769 for a "negro woman, aged 25 years, with a mulatto male child... formerly the property of General <mask>". On his return to Great Britain he was appointed Colonel of the 13th Regiment of Foot, a post he held from 1767 to 1789. Minorca

<mask> was lieutenant-governor from 1774 to 1778 and then governor of Minorca from 1778 to 1782. In 1780, he married, as his second wife, Ann Witham, daughter of the Consul-General there.During the American War of Independence, he defended Fort St. Philip, at Port Mahon, against a Franco-Spanish siege for seven months (1781–82), until forced to surrender. He was known as ‘Old Minorca’ <mask> as a result. He then returned to his home, Beauport Park, in Hollington, Sussex, where he died. Further honours came to him in his last years: he was appointed General, and Governor of Kingston-upon-Hull in 1783, and Colonel of the 21st (Royal North British) Fusiliers in 1789. His body was laid to rest in the apse of the now ruined Old St Helen's Church, Hastings. Family
His first marriage had been childless, but by his second, he had six children (two of whom died in infancy):
 <mask> <mask>, later a major general, who married Elizabeth Rushworth
 Cordelia <mask>, who married Rev. Henry Hodges
 Wilhelmina <mask>, married <mask>, 4th Baron Douglas.<mask> (died in infancy)
 Elizabeth Mary <mask> (died in infancy)
 Anne Harriet <mask>

He and his wife also brought up his older brother Patrick, Lord Elibank's illegitimate daughter <mask>.

masks:
Murray
Murray
Murray
Murray
James Patrick
Murray
Murray
Murray
James Douglas
George Murray
Murray
Murray
Maria Murray


texts:
 Popular culture
<mask> appears in the 2004 film Battle of the Brave (Nouvelle-France) in his role as Governor of the new-captured Quebec. He is portrayed by Michael Maloney. He also appears in the same capacity in three episodes of the mini-series Marguerite Volant, where he is portrayed by Graham Harley. See also
 Great Britain in the Seven Years War
 List of Governors General of Canada
 List of Governors of Minorca

Notes

References

 Browne, G. P.  "MURRAY, JAMES," in Dictionary of Canadian Biography, vol. 4, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2003–, accessed 17 November 2015, online

 <mask>, Colonel Hon. Arthur C., The Five Sons of "Bare Betty", London, 1936.Scott, S. Morley. "Civil and Military Authority in Canada, 1764–17661." Canadian Historical Review 9#2 (1928): 117–136. Wrong, George. Canada and the American Revolution: the Disruption of the First British Empire. Toronto : MacMillan, 1935. Primary sources
 <mask>.Journal of the Siege of Quebec, 1760
 <mask>. Report of the Government of Quebec in Canada, 5 June 1762
 William Draper. The Sentence of the Court-martial... for the Trial of the Hon. Lieut. Gen. <mask>, Late Governor of Minorca, on the Twenty-nine Articles Exhibited Against Him by Sir William Draper, London, 1783

External links
 National Battlefields Commission. The Plains of Abraham, Quebec, Canada. From the Warpath to the Plains of Abraham.Virtual Exhibition. 1721 births
1794 deaths
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the War of the Austrian Succession
People from East Lothian
Fellows of the Royal Society
Governors of the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)
East Yorkshire Regiment officers
King's Royal Rifle Corps officers
Royal Scots Fusiliers officers
Scottish slave owners
Somerset Light Infantry officers
Younger sons of barons
Persons of National

masks:
Murray
Murray
James Murray
James Murray
James Murray


title: Corry Evans

texts:
<mask> (born 30 July 1990) is a Northern Irish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder or centre-back for League One side Sunderland. A Northern Ireland under-21 and senior international, he came through the Manchester United youth academy, like his older brother, Leicester City centre-back <mask>. <mask> is capable of operating in defence or the centre of midfield. He has been used mainly as a midfielder for Blackburn Rovers. Club career

Early career
Born in Belfast, <mask> began his career with Greenisland Boys FC, where fellow Manchester United youth players Craig Cathcart and Conor Devlin also played before moving to England. However, when <mask>' brother, Jonny, was signed by Manchester United, the whole family moved to Manchester. Manchester United
<mask> then joined the Manchester United youth team, and originally played as a schoolboy until he signed a trainee contract with the club on his 16th birthday in July 2006.By then, he had already become a regular in the club's Under-18 side, and he even made his debut for the reserve team on 31 October 2005, coming on as a substitute for Sam Hewson in a 5–1 away defeat by Oldham Athletic. He made 19 appearances and scored one goal for the Under 18s in 2006–07, but his next reserve team appearance did not come until November 2007, when he came on as a second-half substitute for David Gray in a 2–1 away win over Middlesbrough. After five more appearances for the reserves in 2007–08, <mask> established himself as a regular in the reserve team in 2008–09, and was even given the captain's armband at one point. However, despite having been deployed as a central midfielder throughout his earlier career, <mask> found himself increasingly used as a centre-back during the 2008–09 season. Towards the end of the season, along with James Chester and Tom Cleverley, <mask> was nominated by reserve team manager Ole

masks:
Corry John Evans
Jonny Evans
Corry Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans


title: Corry Evans

texts:
 Gunnar Solskjær for the Denzil Haroun Reserve Player of the Year award, but lost out to Chester. <mask> received his first call-up to the Manchester United first team on 24 May 2009, when he was named on the bench for the club's last game of the 2008–09 Premier League season against Hull City. In July 2010, <mask> was part of the United squad that toured North America.Although he was an unused substitute in the first match against Celtic, he came on as a substitute in the second half of the second game against Philadelphia Union, joining his brother Jonny on the pitch. On 22 October 2010, he joined Carlisle United on a one-month loan deal. Hull City
On 14 January 2011, he joined Hull City on loan. Making his debut on 22 January 2011, as a replacement for Cameron Stewart, and scoring in the 1–1 away draw against Reading. The move was made permanent following the close of the 2010–11 season. He made his first appearance since joining City on a permanent deal starting against Ipswich Town on 13 August 2011 at Portman Road, with City winning 1–0. On 10 December 2011 against Coventry City at the Ricoh Arena, a neat move down the left resulted in Dawson sending over a high cross which dropped for <mask> <mask>, who controlled the ball before sending a low volley past Murphy and into the bottom corner of the net.On 29 December 2012, <mask> scored the first goal in the Tigers' 2–0 victory over Leeds, placing the ball into the bottom corner past Leeds goalkeeper Paddy Kenny. Blackburn Rovers
After 97 appearances for Hull, <mask> left to join Blackburn Rovers in August 2013. Despite a groin injury delaying his debut for the club, <mask> passed a medical and signed a three-year contract. On 31 August 2013, <mask> scored his first goal for the club with a superb volley from 25 yards. In November 2015, he signed a contract extension which would keep him in the club till 2019.

masks: Evans Evans Corry Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans


title: Corry Evans

texts:
 He was injured in December 2016 in a match against Brighton and Hove Albion in December 2016 due to a recurring groin problem. As a result, he was substituted off in the second half.In March 2017, it was announced that he would be ruled out of action for the rest of the season as he would undergo a surgery for his groin problem. <mask>' departure from Rovers was announced at the end of the 2020–21 season. Sunderland
On 15 July 2021, <mask> joined League One side Sunderland on a free transfer, signing a two-year deal with an option of an additional year. He scored his first goal for the club on 5 February 2022 in a 2-1 loss to Doncaster Rovers. International career
<mask> began his international football career as a schoolboy international, playing for the Northern Ireland under-16 side; he scored one goal in three appearances for the team. In 2007, he progressed to the under-17 side, playing in five fixtures in the space of two months. However, the team went winless in those five matches, losing three and drawing the other two.By the end of 2007, <mask> had joined the under-19 team, but they were just as the under-17s, losing four and winning just one of the six matches that <mask> played in between October 2007 and October 2008. He made his debut for the under-21 side on 19 August 2008, but he was substituted after 72 minutes of the 1–0 defeat to Poland. He has since made four more appearances for the under-21s. Although the U21s failed to qualify for the Euro 2009, he was recalled for several Euro 2011 qualifiers. <mask> received his first call-up to the Northern Ireland senior team on 20 May 2009; he was named in a 19-man squad that contained nine other uncapped players for the match against Italy in Pisa on 6 June 2009. He made his debut in that very game, playing 78 minutes of the 3–0 defeat before being replaced by Shane Ferguson. On 3 September 2010, <mask>

masks: Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans


title: Corry Evans

texts:
 scored his first international goal as he scored the winner with his first touch after coming on as a substitute in a 1–0 away win over Slovenia in the first UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying game.<mask> was included in the Northern Ireland squad for the 2016 UEFA Euro which took place in France. He was an unused substitute in its first match which saw Northern Ireland lose to Poland by a margin of 1–0. He played the whole of the country's last group stage match against Wales which produced a similar result due to which Northern Ireland was eliminated from the tournament. During the first leg of a two-game playoff against Switzerland in the qualifying tournament for the 2018 World Cup in Russia, <mask> was penalised for handball after a shot from close proximity from Xherdan Shaqiri went off his side, leading to a penalty kick that would be converted for what would ultimately prove the deciding score, both on the day and on aggregate. His brother Jonny compared the decision to Thierry Henry's handball against the Republic of Ireland in the 2010 qualification playoff. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Northern Ireland's goal tally first. Honours
Blackburn Rovers
EFL League One runner-up: 2017–18

References

External links

 at irishfa.com
Northern Ireland progile at NIFG
 at redStat

1990 births
Living people
Association footballers from Belfast
Association footballers from Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland youth international footballers
Northern Ireland under-21 international footballers
Northern Ireland B international footballers
Northern Ireland international footballers
Association football defenders
Association football midfielders
Manchester United F.C.players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Hull City A.F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
English Football League players
UEFA Euro 2016 players
People educated at Monkstown Community

masks: Evans Evans


title: Malcolm Gladwell

texts:
<mask>  (born 3 September 1963) is an English-born Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published seven books: The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference (2000); Blink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking (2005); Outliers: The Story of Success (2008); What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures (2009), a collection of his journalism; David and Goliath: Underdogs, Misfits, and the Art of Battling Giants (2013); Talking To Strangers: What We Should Know about the People We Don't Know (2019) and The Bomber Mafia: A Dream, a Temptation, and the Longest Night of the Second World War (2021). His first five books were on The New York Times Best Seller list. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries. <mask>'s writings often deal with the unexpected implications of research in the social sciences, like sociology and psychology, and make frequent and extended use of academic work. <mask> was appointed to the Order of Canada in 2011.Early life
<mask> was born in Fareham, Hampshire, England. His mother is Joyce (née Nation) <mask>, a Jamaican psychotherapist. His father, <mask>, was a mathematics professor from Kent, England. Throughout his childhood, <mask> lived in rural Ontario Mennonite country, where he attended a Mennonite church. Research done by historian Henry Louis Gates Jr. revealed that one of <mask>'s maternal ancestors was a Jamaican free woman of colour (mixed black and white) who was a slaveowner. His great-great-great-grandmother was of Igbo ethnicity from Nigeria, West Africa. In the epilogue of his book Outliers he describes many lucky circumstances that came to his family over the course of several generations, contributing to his path towards success.<mask> has said that his mother is his role model as a writer. When he was six his family moved from Southampton to the Mennonite community of Elmira, Ontario, Canada. <mask>'s father noted

masks:
Malcolm Timothy Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell
Graham Gladwell
Malcolm
Gladwell
Gladwell
Gladwell


title: Malcolm Gladwell

texts:
 <mask> was an unusually single-minded and ambitious boy. When <mask> was 11, his father, who was a professor of mathematics and engineering at the University of Waterloo, allowed him to wander around the offices at his university, which stoked the boy's interest in reading and libraries. The University of Waterloo granted <mask> an honorary doctorate in 2007. In the spring of 1982, <mask> interned with the National Journalism Center in Washington, D.C. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in History from the Trinity College of University of Toronto, in 1984.Career
<mask>'s grades were not high enough for graduate school, so he decided to pursue advertising as a career. After being rejected by every advertising agency he applied to, he accepted a journalism position at conservative magazine The American Spectator and moved to Indiana. He subsequently wrote for Insight on the News, a conservative magazine owned by Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church. In 1987, <mask> began covering business and science for The Washington Post, where he worked until 1996. In a personal elucidation of the 10,000-hour rule he popularized in Outliers, <mask> notes, "I was a basket case at the beginning, and I felt like an expert at the end. It took 10 years—exactly that long." When <mask> started at The New Yorker in 1996 he wanted to "mine current academic research for insights, theories, direction, or inspiration".His first assignment was to write a piece about fashion. Instead of writing about high-class fashion, <mask> opted to write a piece about a man who manufactured T-shirts, saying: "[I]t was much more interesting to write a piece about someone who made a T-shirt for $8 than it was to write about a dress that costs $100,000. I mean, you or I could make a dress for $100,000, but to make a T-shirt for $8—that's much tougher." <mask> gained popularity with two New Yorker articles, both written in 1996: "The Tipping Point" and "The Coolhunt". These two pieces would become the basis for <mask>'s first book, The Tipping Point,

masks: Malcolm Malcolm Gladwell Gladwell Gladwell Gladwell Gladwell Gladwell Gladwell Gladwell Gladwell


title: Malcolm Gladwell

texts:
 for which he received a $1 million advance. He continues to write for The New Yorker. <mask> also served as a contributing editor for Grantland, a sports journalism website founded by former ESPN columnist Bill Simmons.In a July 2002 article in The New Yorker, <mask> introduced the concept of the "talent myth" that companies and organizations, in his view, incorrectly follow. This work examines different managerial and administrative techniques that companies, both winners and losers, have used. He states that the misconception seems to be that management and executives are all too ready to classify employees without ample performance records and thus make hasty decisions. Many companies believe in disproportionately rewarding "stars" over other employees with bonuses and promotions. However, with the quick rise of inexperienced workers with little in-depth performance review, promotions are often incorrectly made, putting employees into positions they should not have and keeping other, more experienced employees from rising. He also points out that under this system, narcissistic personality types are more likely to climb the ladder, since they are more likely to take more credit for achievements and take less blame for failure. He states both that narcissists make the worst managers and that the system of rewarding "stars" eventually worsens a company's position.<mask> states that the most successful long-term companies are those who reward experience above all else and require greater time for promotions. Works
With the release of The Bomber Mafia: A Dream, a Temptation, and the Longest Night of the Second World War in April 2021, <mask> has had seven books published. When asked for the process behind his writing, he said: "I have two parallel things I'm interested in. One is, I'm interested in collecting interesting stories, and the other is I'm interested in collecting interesting research. What I'm looking for is cases where they overlap". The Tipping Point

The initial inspiration for his first book,

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 The Tipping Point, which was published in 2000, came from the sudden drop of crime in New York City. He wanted the book to have a broader appeal than just crime, however, and sought to explain similar phenomena through the lens of epidemiology.While <mask> was a reporter for The Washington Post, he covered the AIDS epidemic. He began to take note of "how strange epidemics were", saying epidemiologists have a "strikingly different way of looking at the world". The term "tipping point" comes from the moment in an epidemic when the virus reaches critical mass and begins to spread at a much higher rate. <mask>'s theories of crime were heavily influenced by the "broken windows theory" of policing, and <mask> is credited for packaging and popularizing the theory in a way that was implementable in New York City. <mask>'s theoretical implementation bears a striking resemblance to the "stop-and-frisk" policies of the NYPD. However, in the decade and a half since its publication, The Tipping Point and Gladwell have both come under fire for the tenuous link between "broken windows" and New York City's drop in violent crime. During a 2013 interview with BBC journalist Jon Ronson for The Culture Show, <mask> admitted that he was "too in love with the broken-windows notion".He went on to say that he was "so enamored by the metaphorical simplicity of that idea that I overstated its importance". Blink

After The Tipping Point, <mask> published Blink in 2005. The book explains how the human unconscious interprets events or cues as well as how past experiences can lead people to make informed decisions very rapidly. <mask> uses examples like the Getty kouros and psychologist John Gottman's research on the likelihood of divorce in married couples. <mask>'s hair was the inspiration for Blink. He stated that once he allowed his hair to get longer, he started to get speeding tickets all the time, an oddity considering that he had never gotten one before and that he started getting pulled out of airport security lines for special

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 attention. In a particular incident, he was apprehended by three police officers while walking in downtown Manhattan because his curly hair matched the profile of a rapist, despite the fact the suspect looked nothing like him otherwise.<mask>'s The Tipping Point (2000) and Blink (2005) were international bestsellers. The Tipping Point sold more than two million copies in the United States. Blink sold equally well. As of November 2008, the two books had sold a combined 4.5 million copies. Outliers

<mask>'s third book, Outliers, published in 2008, examines how a person's environment, in conjunction with personal drive and motivation, affects his or her possibility and opportunity for success. <mask>'s original question revolved around lawyers: "We take it for granted that there's this guy in New York who's the corporate lawyer, right? I just was curious: Why is it all the same guy?", referring to the fact that "a surprising number of the most powerful and successful corporate lawyers in New York City have almost the exact same biography". In another example given in the book, <mask> noticed that people ascribe Bill Gates's success to being "really smart" or "really ambitious". He noted that he knew a lot of people who are really smart and really ambitious, but not worth $60 billion. "It struck me that our understanding of success was really crude—and there was an opportunity to dig down and come up with a better set of explanations." What the Dog Saw

<mask>'s fourth book, What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures, was published in 2009. What the Dog Saw bundles together <mask>'s favourites of his articles from The New Yorker since he joined the magazine as a staff writer in 1996. The stories share a common theme, namely that <mask> tries to show us the world through the eyes of others, even if that other happens to be a dog.David and Goliath

<mask>'s fifth book, David and Goliath, was released in October 2013, and examines the struggle of underdogs versus favourites. The book is partially inspired by an article


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 <mask> wrote for The New Yorker in 2009 entitled "How David Beats Goliath". The book was a bestseller but received mixed reviews. Talking to Strangers

<mask>'s sixth book, Talking to Strangers, was released September 2019. The book examines interactions with strangers, covers examples that include the deceptions of Bernie Madoff, the trial of Amanda Knox, the suicide of Sylvia Plath, the Jerry Sandusky pedophilia case at Penn State, and the death of Sandra Bland. <mask> explained what inspired him to write the book as being "struck by how many high profile cases in the news were about the same thing—strangers misunderstanding each other." It challenges the assumptions we are programmed to make when encountering strangers, and the potentially dangerous consequences of misreading people we do not know.The Bomber Mafia

Gladwell's seventh book, The Bomber Mafia: A Dream, a Temptation, and the Longest Night of the Second World War, was released in April 2021. The book weaves together the stories of a Dutch genius and his homemade computer, a band of brothers in central Alabama, a British psychopath, and pyromaniacal chemists at Harvard to examine one of the greatest moral challenges in modern American history. Reception
The Tipping Point was named as one of the best books of the decade by Amazon.com customers, The A.V. Club, The Guardian, and The Times. It was also Barnes & Noble's fifth-best-selling non-fiction book of the decade. Blink was named to Fast Company list of the best business books of 2005. It was also number 5 on Amazon customers' favourite books of 2005, named to The Christian Science Monitor best non-fiction books of 2005, and in the top 50 of Amazon customers' favourite books of the decade.Outliers was a number 1 New York Times bestseller for 11 straight weeks and was Time's number 10 non-fiction book of 2008 as well as named to the San Francisco Chronicle list of the 50 best non-fiction books of 2008. Fortune described The Tipping Point as "a fascinating book that makes you see the world in a

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texts: different way". The Daily Telegraph called it "a wonderfully offbeat study of that little-understood phenomenon, the social epidemic". Reviewing Blink, The Baltimore Sun dubbed <mask> "the most original American journalist since the young Tom Wolfe." Farhad Manjoo at Salon described the book as "a real pleasure. As in the best of <mask>'s work, Blink brims with surprising insights about our world and ourselves." The Economist called Outliers "a compelling read with an important message".David Leonhardt wrote in The New York Times Book Review: "In the vast world of nonfiction writing, <mask> is as close to a singular talent as exists today" and Outliers "leaves you mulling over its inventive theories for days afterward". Ian Sample wrote in The Guardian: "Brought together, the pieces form a dazzling record of <mask>'s art. There is depth to his research and clarity in his arguments, but it is the breadth of subjects he applies himself to that is truly impressive." <mask>'s critics have described him as prone to oversimplification. The New Republic called the final chapter of Outliers, "impervious to all forms of critical thinking" and said <mask> believes "a perfect anecdote proves a fatuous rule". <mask> has also been criticized for his emphasis on anecdotal evidence over research to support his conclusions. Maureen Tkacik and Steven Pinker have challenged the integrity of <mask>'s approach.Even while praising <mask>'s writing style and content, Pinker summed up <mask> as "a minor genius who unwittingly demonstrates the hazards of statistical reasoning", while accusing him of "cherry-picked anecdotes, post-hoc sophistry and false dichotomies" in his book Outliers. Referencing a <mask> reporting mistake in which <mask> refers to "eigenvalue" as "Igon Value", Pinker criticizes his lack of expertise: "I will call this the Igon Value Problem: when a writer's education on a topic consists in interviewing an expert, he is apt to offer generalizations that are banal, obtuse or flat wrong." A writer in The Independent

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 accused <mask> of posing "obvious" insights. The Register has accused <mask> of making arguments by weak analogy and commented <mask> has an "aversion for fact", adding: "<mask> has made a career out of handing simple, vacuous truths to people and dressing them up with flowery language and an impressionistic take on the scientific method." In that regard, The New Republic has called him "America's Best-Paid Fairy-Tale Writer". His approach was satirized by the online site "The Malcolm Gladwell Book Generator". In 2005, Gladwell commanded a $45,000 speaking fee.In 2008, he was making "about 30 speeches a year—most for tens of thousands of dollars, some for free", according to a profile in New York magazine. In 2011, he gave three talks to groups of small businessmen as part of a three-city speaking tour put on by Bank of America. The program was titled "Bank of America Small Business Speaker Series: A Conversation with <mask>". Paul Starobin, writing in the Columbia Journalism Review, said the engagement's "entire point seemed to be to forge a public link between a tarnished brand (the bank), and a winning one (a journalist often described in profiles as the epitome of cool)". An article by Melissa Bell of The Washington Post posed the question: "<mask>: Bank of America's new spokesman?" Mother Jones editor Clara Jeffery said <mask>'s job for Bank of America had "terrible ethical optics". However, <mask> says he was unaware that Bank of America was "bragging about his speaking engagements" until the Atlantic Wire emailed him.<mask> explained:

In 2012, CBS's 60 Minutes attributed the trend of American parents "redshirting" their five-year-olds (postponing entrance into kindergarten to give them an advantage) to a section in Gladwell's Outliers. Sociology professor Shayne Lee referenced Outliers in a CNN editorial commemorating Martin Luther King Jr.'s birthday. Lee discussed the strategic timing of King's ascent from a "Gladwellian perspective". <mask> gives credit to Richard Nisbett and Lee Ross for inventing

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 the Gladwellian genre. <mask> has provided blurbs for "scores of book covers", leading The New York Times to ask, "Is it possible that Mr. <mask> has been spreading the love a bit too thinly?" <mask>, who said he did not know how many blurbs he had written, acknowledged, "The more blurbs you give, the lower the value of the blurb. It's the tragedy of the commons."Podcast
<mask> is host of the podcast Revisionist History, initially produced through Panoply Media and now through Gladwell's own podcast company. It began in 2016, and has aired five 10-episode seasons. Each episode begins with an inquiry about a person, event, or idea, and proceeds to question the received wisdom about the subject. <mask> was recruited to create a podcast by Jacob Weisberg, editor-in-chief of The Slate Group, which also includes the podcast network Panoply Media. In September 2018, <mask> announced he was co-founding a podcast company, later named Pushkin Industries, with Weisberg. About this decision, <mask> told the Los Angeles Times: "There is a certain kind of whimsy and emotionality that can only be captured on audio." He also has a music podcast with Bruce Headlam and Rick Rubin, titled Broken Record where they interview musicians.It has two seasons, 2018–2019 and 2020 with a total of 49 episodes. Personal life
<mask> is a Christian. His family attended Above Bar Church in Southampton, UK, and later Gale Presbyterian in Elmira when they moved to Canada. His parents and siblings are part of the Mennonite community in Southwestern Ontario. <mask> wandered away from his Christian roots when he moved to New York, only to rediscover his faith during the writing of David and Goliath and his encounter with Wilma Derksen regarding the death of her child. <mask> was a national class runner and an Ontario High School (Ontario Federation of School Athletic Associations – OFSAA) champion. He was among Canada's fastest teenagers at 1500 metres, running 4:14 at the age of 13 and 4:05 when aged 14.In college, <mask> ran 1500 metres in 3:55.

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 In 2014, at the age of 51, he ran a 4:54 at the Fifth Avenue Mile. At 57 he ran a 5:15 mile. Awards and honours
 2005 – Time named <mask> one of its 100 most influential people
 2007 – American Sociological Association's first Award for Excellence in the Reporting of Social Issues
 2007 – honorary degree from University of Waterloo
 2011 – honorary degree from University of Toronto
2011 – Order of Canada, the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada

Bibliography

Books

Essays and reporting

  Includes review of

Podcasts

Book reviews

Filmography
 The Missionary (2013, TV movie)

Other appearances
<mask> was a featured storyteller for the Moth podcast. He told a story about a well-intentioned wedding toast for a young man and his friends that went wrong. <mask> was featured in General Motors "EVerybody in." campaign.<mask> is the only guest to have been featured as a headliner at every OZY Fest festival—an annual music and ideas festival produced by OZY Media—other than OZY co-founder and CEO Carlos Watson. <mask> has also appeared on several television shows for OZY Media, including the Carlos Watson Show (YouTube) and Third Rail With OZY (PBS). <mask> has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss's book Tools of Titans. References

External links

Revisionist History podcast

 Articles and Essays by <mask>

1963 births
20th-century Canadian non-fiction writers
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Black Canadian writers
English emigrants to Canada
English people of Jamaican descent
Business speakers
Canadian people of Jamaican descent
Canadian screenwriters
Members of the Order of Canada
Canadian social sciences writers
The American Spectator people
The New Yorker people
The New Yorker staff writers
The Washington Post people
Trinity College (Canada) alumni
University of Toronto alumni
People from Fareham
Living people
Canadian Christians
Canadian Mennonites
Mennonite writers
Canadian men podcasters
Canadian

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title: Gemma Chan

texts:
<mask> (born 29 November 1982) is an English actress. Born and raised in London, <mask> attended the Newstead Wood School for Girls and studied law at Worcester College, Oxford before choosing to pursue a career in acting instead, enrolling at the Drama Centre London. <mask> was subsequently cast in various supporting roles on television, including Doctor Who, Sherlock, Secret Diary of a Call Girl, Fresh Meat, Bedlam and True Love. She also appeared in independent films Exam (2009), Submarine (2010) and Belles Familles (2015). <mask> performed in the British premiere of Yellow Face at The Park Theatre and Our Ajax at the Southwark Playhouse. <mask> had minor roles in Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016) and Transformers: The Last Knight (2017). She starred as a servile anthropomorph in sci-fi series Humans (2015–2018) to critical praise.<mask> gained widespread recognition for portraying Astrid Leong-Teo in Jon M. Chu's romantic comedy Crazy Rich Asians (2018), which became a critical and commercial hit. <mask> along with the ensemble was nominated for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Cast in a Motion Picture. <mask> played Bess of Hardwick in the historical drama Mary Queen of Scots (2018) and voiced the antagonist Namaari in Disney's animated film Raya and the Last Dragon (2021). In Marvel Studios' Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), <mask> portrayed Minn-Erva in Captain Marvel (2019) before headlining Eternals (2021) as Sersi. Early life
<mask> was born at Guy's Hospital in London, England. Her father was an engineer who grew up in Hong Kong and her mother was a pharmacist and raised in Greenock, Scotland, after her parents emigrated from Hong Kong. Raised in Locksbottom in the London Borough of Bromley, <mask> attended Newstead Wood School for Girls in Orpington, London and went on to study jurisprudence at Worcester College, Oxford.Following

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 graduation, <mask> gained a training contract offer as a graduate at the law firm Slaughter and May, but turned it down to study at the Drama Centre London and pursue an acting career. Spotted at her showcase by British film producer Damian Jones, she signed to talent agent Nicki van Gelder. Career

Early roles (2006–2013)

<mask> made her professional debut in Horror Channel's 2006 miniseries When Evil Calls. She was a competitor on the first series of the reality series Project Catwalk. <mask> made her stage debut in the British premiere of Bertolt Brecht's last play, Turandot, at the Hampstead Theatre, London, in 2008. <mask> appeared in the autumn 2009 special of the BBC's Doctor Who, titled "The Waters of Mars", playing geologist Mia Bennett. The episode later won a Hugo Award.In the same year, <mask> starred in Exam (2009) which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival to mixed reviews. The following year, <mask> appeared in Channel 4's The IT Crowd and BBC's Sherlock. <mask>'s next releases, Pimp, (2010) and Shanghai (2010), were panned by critics, while Submarine premiered at the 35th Toronto International Film Festival to positive reviews. <mask> was cast as a series regular in the final series of Secret Diary of a Call Girl, as the rival of Billie Piper's character. The series aired on ITV2 in 2011. Later that year, she appeared in Channel 4's Fresh Meat. A supporter of human rights, she made a film for Amnesty International to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.In 2012, <mask> was a regular in series two of Sky Living's supernatural drama Bedlam where she portrayed Kiera, an "impulsive" and "free spirited" woman. She also appeared in True Love, a five-part semi-improvised television series produced by Working Title for BBC One. <mask> met her co-stars on set, and had free rein to "flesh out" her character during the written scenarios.

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texts:
 In June 2013, <mask> performed in the British premiere of Yellow Face by American playwright David Henry Hwang at The Park Theatre, London, and returned for its 2014 revival at the Royal National Theatre. While promoting the play, <mask> spoke about her struggles to get cast in non Chinese-related productions and period dramas due to her race. In November 2013, <mask> performed in the world premiere of Our Ajax by Timberlake Wertenbaker at the Southwark Playhouse, London. Wertenbaker chose her to play the war goddess Athena after she saw her performance in Yellow Face.Michael Billington of The Guardian described her performance as "beautifully svelte omniscience". Later that year, she starred in BBC One crime drama Shetland, playing young archaeologist Hattie James. <mask> guest-starred in the BBC's Death in Paradise. She was a cast member of Channel 4 romantic drama Dates. On 6 August 2013, <mask> appeared as a guest on the "Cultural Exchange" feature of the BBC Radio 4 series Front Row, where she nominated the film The Princess Bride as a film she loves. <mask> appeared in The Double (2013), which premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival to critical success. Breakthrough (2014–present)
<mask> appeared in the action-thriller  Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit (2014), which met mixed reception and financial success.She portrayed the protagonist's girlfriend, Chen-Lin, in French comedy-drama Belles Familles (2015), which was released at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival. <mask> also portrayed American witch Madame Ya Zhou in Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (2016), which was nominated for five BAFTAs. She lent her voice to BBC's animated miniseries Watership Down in 2018. <mask> starred as the anthropomorphic robot Anita/Mia in Humans, an AMC/Channel 4 science-fiction drama, from 2015 to 2018. The A.V. Club wrote that <mask> "anchors the series", with her performance


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texts: "awakening in ways both subtle and overt ... to reflect every new emotion." <mask> voiced robot Quintessa in Transformers: The Last Knight (2017), which was panned by critics.<mask> starred in action-thriller Stratton (2017) as the titular character's "smart-girl" colleague, Aggie. In 2018, <mask> joined Andrea Riseborough, Jane Horrocks, Jaime Winstone, and Laura Carmichael to star in a film produced by ActionAid, encouraging the British public to support girls at risk of sexual violence. <mask> co-starred as Astrid Leong-Teo in the film Crazy Rich Asians (2018). Originally asked to portray the lead, <mask> preferred the "more intriguing" role of Astrid. She first heard about the novel Crazy Rich Asians in a text message from her sister, read it on holiday, and "fell in love with Astrid". On her role, <mask> stated that "what you see with Astrid is not necessarily what you get. There are layers to her ... [she] seemingly has it all together.The film became the highest-grossing romantic comedy of the decade and received critical acclaim for its cast, visuals and on-screen representation. The Hollywood Reporter lauded <mask> as "a radiant presence who lights up her every scene". That same year, she also featured in the short film titled Leading Lady Parts in support of the Time's Up movement. <mask> appeared as  Petronella in London Fields (2018), which was a box-office bomb. <mask> portrayed Elizabeth Hardwick in Josie Rourke's directorial debut, historical drama Mary Queen of Scots (2018), which premiered at the AFI Fest. <mask>'s casting "provoked controversy among internet trolls", as her character had been a white woman. <mask> responded that "if John Wayne can play Genghis Khan, I can play Bess of Hardwick" and remarked that "art should reflect life now."<mask> appeared in Captain Marvel (2019) in a supporting role as Minn-Erva, a sniper who is part of the Kree Starforce. The role required an

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 extensive amount of prosthetic makeup, described as "four layers of airbrush paint" that took four hours to apply. The film had the sixth-biggest opening of all time to critical success. That same year, she was one of fifteen women selected to appear on the cover of the September 2019 issue of British Vogue, by guest editor Meghan, Duchess of Sussex. In 2020 <mask> starred alongside Meryl Streep in Steven Soderbergh's comedy Let Them All Talk. She portrayed Karen, a literary agent who has a "maybe-romance" with her client's nephew. The film premiered on HBO Max to positive reception.That same year, <mask> was the fifteenth recipient of the  Women In Film Max Mara Face of the Future award, given for her  "distinguished acting achievements" and "personal embodiment of timeless style and grace". <mask> voiced the warrior princess Namaari, the antagonist of the Disney animated film Raya and the Last Dragon, which premiered in March 2021. The film was received positively by critics. That May, she briefly produced Hold Still, Vincent, a podcast about the 1982 murder of Vincent Chin. It was subsequently pulled from distribution by the producing team after it was revealed that the podcast's production company did not consult with Chin's estate during the project. November 2021 saw the release of the Marvel Studios film Eternals, in which she starred as Sersi, a member of the titular race. This was her second role in the Marvel Cinematic Universe after Captain Marvel (2019).Upcoming projects
<mask> will reprise her roles in the two Crazy Rich Asians sequel installments, China Rich Girlfriend and Rich People Problems. <mask> will appear in psychological thriller Don't Worry Darling, directed by Olivia Wilde, science fiction film True Love directed by Gareth Edwards, and horror film Cuckoo, alongside Hunter Schafer and John Malkovich. She will also star in the Apple TV+ anthology series Extrapolations. Advocacy

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 and activism
<mask> travelled with Save the Children to Lebanon to meet Syrian child refugees in 2017. In 2018 she partnered with Moet to support Help Refugees UK. She volunteered for Cook-19, an organization that delivers meals to key workers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. <mask> has supported UNICEF UK since 2015 and travelled to Jamaica to raise awareness of domestic violence with the organisation in 2019.She participated in Soccer Aid to raise funds for the charity in 2019. She participated in World Children’s Day commemorations in 2020. She was appointed a celebrity ambassador for UNICEF UK in 2021. In response to attacks against elderly Asian immigrants during the COVID-19 Pandemic, <mask> advocated for the #StopAAPIhate movement and fundraising campaign. In May 2021 <mask> launched the #StopESEAHate campaign to assist East and Southeast Asian victims of hate crime. Personal life
In September 2013 <mask> appeared at the Old Bailey in central London as a witness to a fatal stabbing outside Putney Bridge tube station. <mask> dated English comedian Jack Whitehall from 2011 to 2017.She began a relationship with English actor Dominic Cooper in 2018. They reside together in London. <mask> and Cooper participated in the People's Vote March, expressing support for a second Brexit referendum, in October 2018. She has criticised both the Conservative and Labour party for their process in choosing leadership. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Awards and nominations

Authored articles

References

External links

 <mask> at Rotten Tomatoes

1982 births
21st-century English actresses
Actresses from London
Alumni of the Drama Centre London
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
British actresses of Chinese descent
English film actresses
English television actresses
English voice actresses
English people of Hong Kong descent
Living people
People educated at Newstead Wood School
People from the London

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title: Josef Bican

texts: <mask> "Pepi" <mask> (25 September 1913 – 12 December 2001) was an Austrian-Czech professional footballer who played as a striker. He is the second-most prolific goalscorer in official matches in recorded history according to Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF), with over 950 goals scored in 624 matches. According to RSSSF, Bican scored over 1813 total goals in over 1089 total matches, making him the second greatest goalscorer of all time, behind Lajos Tichy with at least 1912 total goals scored in at least 1301 total matches. In total Bican scored 1137 goals for Slavia Praha. <mask> began his professional career at Rapid Vienna in 1931. After four years at Rapid, he moved to local rivals Admira Wien. Bican won four league titles during his time in Austria, then moved to Slavia Praha in 1937, where he stayed until 1948, and became the club's all-time top goalscorer.He later played for FC Vitkovice, FC Hradec Králové, and Dynamo Praha, retiring in 1955 as the all-time top goalscorer in the Czechoslovak First League with 447 goals. Bican was a member of the Austrian Wunderteam of the 1930s and represented the nation at the 1934 FIFA World Cup, where they reached the semi-finals. He later switched allegiance to the Czechoslovakia national football team, but a clerical error related to his transfer of national team precluded him from playing in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. Bican was a tall and powerful player, with the technical ability to play with both feet, and had considerable pace. During his athletic prime, he was reportedly capable of running 100 metres in 10.8 seconds, which was not far off the leading sprinters of his time. After his retirement from playing, Bican became a manager, and coached various teams from the 1950s until the 1970s. In 1998, Bican was given a "Medal of Honour" by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS) for being among the world's most successful top division goalscorers of all time.In 2000, the IFFHS awarded Bican the "Golden Ball" in recognition of his

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