title: George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

texts: entirely to the firmness of Lord <mask> that the principle of the neutralization of the Black Sea was preserved, that the Russian attempt to trick the allies out of the cession in Bessarabia was defeated, and that the results of the war were for a time secured.The congress was eager to turn to other subjects, and perhaps the most important result of its deliberations was the celebrated Declaration of the Maritime Powers, which abolished privateering, defined the right of blockade, and limited the right of capture to enemy's property in enemy's ships. Lord <mask> has been accused of an abandonment of what are termed the belligerent rights of Great Britain, which were undoubtedly based on the old maritime laws of Europe. But he acted in strict conformity with the views of the British cabinet, and the British cabinet adopted those views because it was satisfied that it was not for the benefit of the country to adhere to practices which exposed the vast mercantile interests of Britain to depredation, even by the cruisers of a secondary maritime power, and which, if vigorously enforced against neutrals, could not fail to embroil her with every maritime state in the world. Upon the reconstitution of the Whig administration in 1859, Lord John Russell made it a condition of his acceptance of office under Lord Palmerston that the foreign department should be placed in his own hands, which implied that Lord <mask> should be excluded from office, as it would have been inconsistent alike with his dignity and his tastes to fill any other post in the government. The consequence was that from 1859 till 1864


title: George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

type: original

texts:
 Lord <mask> remained out of office, and the critical relations arising out of the Civil War in the United States were left to the guidance of <mask>. But he re-entered the cabinet in May 1864 as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster; and upon the death of Lord Palmerston in 1865, Lord Russell again became prime minister, when Lord <mask> returned to the foreign office, which was again confided to him for the third time upon the formation of Gladstone's administration in 1868. He died surrounded by the boxes and papers of his office on 27 June 1870.Family

On 4 June 1839, Villiers married the widowed Lady Katherine Foster-Barham (a daughter of James Grimston, 1st Earl of Verulam) and they had eight children:

Lady Constance Villiers (1840–1922), married Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby. Lady Alice Villiers (1841–1897), married Edward Bootle-Wilbraham, 1st Earl of Lathom. Lady Emily Theresa (1843–1927), married Odo Russell, 1st Baron Ampthill. Edward Hyde, Lord Hyde (1845–1846). Edward Villiers, 5th Earl of Clarendon (1846–1914). Hon. <mask> Hyde (1847–1892), married Louisa Maria Maquay, daughter of <mask> Maquay, on 9 October 1884.Lady Florence Margaret (1850–1851). Hon. Francis Hyde Villiers (1852–1925), married Virginia Katharine Smith, daughter of Eric Carrington Smith and Mary Maberly, on 28 June 1876. Notes

Further reading

 David Steele. "Villiers, <mask> Frederick, fourth earl of Clarendon" Dictionary of National Biography (2009)
 Cecil, Algernon. British Foreign Secretaries 1807-1916 (1927) pp 220–255. online
 Sir Herbert Eustace Maxwell: The Life and letters of <mask> Frederick

masks:
Clarendon
Earl Russell
Clarendon
George Patrick
George Disney
George William
George William


title: George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

texts:
 4.Earl of Clarendon. London: Arnold, 1913. online
 <mask> <mask>: First report on the commercial relations between France and Great Britain, addressed to ... the lords of the committee of privy council for trade and plantations: with a supplementary report, by John Bowring. London, 1834

External links

1800 births
1870 deaths
4
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Knights of the Garter
Knights of St Patrick
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Liberal Party (UK) hereditary peers
Diplomatic peers
British Secretaries of State for Foreign Affairs
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Lords Privy Seal
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster
<mask>, 4th Earl of Clarendon
Politicians from London
Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Spain
Presidents of the Board of

masks:
George Villiers
Clarendon
George Villiers


title: Ian Miller (illustrator)

texts:
<mask> (born 11 November 1946) is a British fantasy illustrator and writer best known for his quirkily etched gothic style and macabre sensibility, and noted for his book and magazine cover and interior illustrations, including covers for books by H. P. Lovecraft and contributions to David Day's Tolkien-inspired compendiums, work for Fighting Fantasy gamebooks and various role-playing and wargaming publications, as well as contributions to the Ralph Bakshi films Wizards and Cool World. Early life

<mask> was born in 1946, and raised predominantly in London and Manchester. His mother, who encouraged the artistic vocation, was a theatrical milliner for one of the leading costumiers to the film industry, which, with cinema, he cites as an early inspiration:

As a child <mask> experimented with coloured pencils and poster paints producing images of Ancient Egyptians during something he refers to as his 'Ancient Egyptian Phase', followed later by an obsession with cowboys and Indians. At the age of nine <mask> attended Mortbane Academy for Boys in Invernesshire, Scotland, where he recalls regular painting expeditions to the surrounding countryside under the tutelage of the art master, nicknamed 'Old Dribble'. Between 1964 and 1967 he enrolled at Northwich School of Art, before embarking on a degree at Saint Martin's School of Art in London, where he began in sculpture before switching to painting, and graduating with honours in 1970. Shortly after this he was taken on by an agent and began working in London as a professional illustrator. Career

<mask>'s earliest work included magazine and book jacket illustrations, including a host of illustrations for paperback titles by H.P.Lovecraft, and work for Men Only and Club International.In 1975 and 1976

masks:
Ian Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller
Miller


title: Ian Miller (illustrator)

texts:
 whilst <mask> was staying in San Francisco, he was approached by Ralph Bakshi and invited to contribute to the film Wizards. <mask> relocated to Los Angeles and worked on the animated movie, later citing it as an experience that left a profound impression upon him. He later went on to work on Bakshi's film Cool World in the 1980s, produce pre-production work for the film Shrek in the 1990s, and contribute designs and illustrations to the 2005 film MirrorMask. <mask> is well known for his work for the Fighting Fantasy gamebooks which rose to popularity in the mid-1980s, providing covers for early titles in the series like The Citadel of Chaos, House of Hell and Creature of Havoc. He has also contributed to the Games Workshop-published fantasy gaming periodical White Dwarf in which he was featured in an Illuminations exposé in issue 86, and provided numerous illustrations for various role-playing and war gaming books and supplements published by Games Workshop during the latter half of the 1980s, including the covers for Terror of the Lichmaster, Death on the Reik and Warhammer City for Warhammer, and a host of illustrations for the Realm of Chaos supplement and the first edition of
Warhammer 40,000. In the following decades <mask> went on to provide further illustrations for gaming lines published by other companies, including the Everway, Shadowrun, and Earthdawn RPGs. <mask> has illustrated cards for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game.<mask> is also noted for his Tolkien-inspired illustrations, and contributed to the lavishly illustrated A Tolkien Bestiary and Characters from Tolkien – A Bestiary, and has provided illustrations for British science fiction periodical Interzone and cover and interior images for SF titles like Alien

masks: Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller


title: Ian Miller (illustrator)

texts:
 Stories 2 by Dennis Pepper. A number of anthologies of <mask>'s work have been published over the years. His first, with James Slattery, The Green Dog Trumpet and Other Stories, was published by Dragon's Dream in 1979, and was followed by another, Secret Art, and a third, entitled Ratspike, co-authored with fellow illustrator and Games Workshop art director John Blanche and published by GW Books. <mask> has also produced imagery for two graphic novels, the first, The Luck in the Head, with writer M. John Harrison and a second with James Herbert called The City, as well as working on an unpublished third called Suzie Pellet. <mask> has exhibited frequently during his career in both solo shows and group exhibitions in Britain and internationally. Current projects include the production of a series of black and white panel drawings called Corpus Pandemonium, and a book called The Broken Novel, a reworked film project called The Confessions of Carrie Sphagnum, a set of Tarot cards, and a theatre project entitled The Shingle Dance. Style and technique

<mask>'s style is variously described as surreal, gothic and nightmarish or grotesque."Edgy and surreal, <mask> combines intelligent geometric exactness with a messy, fluid sense of what it means to be human." As fellow contemporary illustrator Patrick Woodroffe comments in the introduction to Blanche and <mask>'s Ratspike:

According to <mask>, his illustrations have a tendency to the 'frontalistic', and are also noted to often feature recurrent elements inspired by fishes, flies and robotic forms, and the gnarled haunting trees which he claims originated in an attempt to cover failures of draughtsmanship. Says <mask> of his work:

<mask> cites amongst his principal artistic influences Albrecht Dürer

masks: Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller Miller


title: Ian Miller (illustrator)

texts:
 and Leonardo da Vinci, the German Expressionists and French Impressionists, as well as an early predilection for Japanese landscape artists. Other sources include the formative influence of writer Alfred Bester, and a love for the Flash Gordon RKO Radio serials, and his early exposure to the cinematic medium in general which he feels lent a narrative quality to his work, as well as, of course, the every day world itself:

<mask> has experimented with various media during his career, but has a preference for pencils, technical pens, watercolour, and charcoal. "I found self-expression with the pen – with oils it was quite the opposite." He also occasionally combines collage and photography into his pieces. His best-known published work has tended to be characterised by a trademark pen-and-ink and wash technique executed on line board and which he refers to as his 'Tight Pen Style', emphasising line detail and a restricted use of colour, something he views as a result of both short-sightedness and Northern European proclivities:

More recently he has taken to adding an Apple Macintosh computer to his range of tools.References

External links

Books illustrated by <mask> on Gamebooks.org
An article on <mask> in an Italian fantasy e-zine
Alien Stories 2 illustration on Google books
<mask>'s Geometrically Exact Surrealism at io9.com
The Art of <mask> on an arts blog
A selection of <mask>'s images on Sci-Fi-O-Rama
<mask>'s Gallery with biography and artbooks on Inside Your ART

1946 births
Alumni of Saint Martin's School of Art
British comics artists
British graphic novelists
English illustrators
Fantasy artists
Fighting Fantasy
Living people
Game artists
Games Workshop artists
Role-playing game artists
Tolkien artists
BSFA Award for Best Artwork

masks:
Miller
Ian Miller
Miller
Ian Miller
Ian Miller
Miller
Ian Miller


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts:
<mask> (26 May 1826 – 27 November 1875) was an English amateur astronomer whose 1859 astronomical observations demonstrated the existence of solar flares as well as suggesting their electrical influence upon the Earth and its aurorae; and whose 1863 records of sunspot observations revealed the differential rotation of the Sun. Life
<mask> was born at Chelsea, the second son of <mask>, the proprietor of a large brewery at Brentford, and his wife Esther Clarke Aplin. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1844; but, though destined for the church, rather by his father's than by his own desire, his scientific tendencies gradually prevailed, and received a final impulse towards practical astronomy from Professor Challis's lectures on the subject. This change in the purpose of his life was unopposed, and he had the prospect of ample means; so that it was purely with the object of gaining experience that he applied, shortly after taking his degree as thirty-sixth wrangler in 1848, for the post of observer in the University of Durham. He entered upon his duties there in October 1849, but soon became dissatisfied with their narrow scope. The observatory was ill supplied with instruments, and the leisure left him for study served only to widen his aims. Friedrich Bessel's and Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander's star-zones, above all, struck him as a model for imitation, and he resolved to complete by extending them to the pole.Desirous of advancing so far beyond his predecessors as to include in his survey stars of the tenth magnitude, he vainly applied for a suitable instrument, and at last, hopeless of accomplishing any part of his design at Durham, or of benefiting by any further stay, he resigned his position there in March 1852. He had not, however, been idle. Some of his observations, especially of minor planets and comets, made with a Fraunhofer

masks:
Richard Christopher Carrington
Carrington
Richard Carrington


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts: stars near the pole. Ten corresponding maps, copper-engraved, accompanied the catalogue.Meanwhile, <mask> had adopted, and was cultivating with his usual felicity of treatment, a ‘second subject’ at that juncture of peculiar interest and importance. While his new observatory was in course of construction, he devoted some of his spare time to examining the drawings and records of sun-spots in possession of the RAS, and was much struck with the need and scarcity of systematic solar observations. Sabine's and Wolf's discovery of the coincidence between the magnetic and sunspot periods had just then been announced, and he believed he should be able to take advantage of the pre-occupation or inability of other observers to appropriate to himself, by ‘close and methodical research,’ the next ensuing eleven-year cycle. He accordingly resolved to devote his daylight energies to the sun, while reserving his nights for the stars. Solar physics as a whole, however, he prudently excluded from his field of view. He limited his task to fixing the true period of the sun's rotation (of which curiously discrepant values had been obtained), to tracing the laws of distribution of maculæ, and investigating the existence of permanent surface-currents. Adequately to compass these ends, new devices of observation, reduction, and comparison were required.Leaving photography to his successors as too undeveloped for immediate use, he chose a method founded on the idea of making the solar disc its own circular micrometer. An image of the sun was thrown upon a screen placed at such a distance from the eyepiece of the 4½-inch equatorial as to give to the disc a diameter of 12 to 14 inches. In the focus of the telescope, which was firmly clamped, two bars of flattened gold wire were fastened at right angles to each other, and inclined about 45° on either side of the


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts: meridian. Then, as the inverted image traversed the screen, the instants of contact with the wires of the sun's limbs and of the spot-nucleus to be measured were severally noted, when an easy calculation gave its heliocentric position (ib. xiv. 153). In this manner, during seven and a half years, 5,290 observations were made of 954 separate groups, many of which were besides accurately depicted in drawings.By the sudden death of his father, however, in July 1858, and the consequent devolution upon <mask> of the management of the brewery, the complete execution of his project of research was frustrated. He continued for some time to supervise the solar work he had previously carried on in person; but in March 1861, seeing no prospect of release from commercial engagements, he thought it advisable to close the series. The results appeared in a quarto volume, the publication of which was aided by a grant from the Royal Society. Its title ran as follows: Observations of the Spots on the Sun from November 9, 1853, to March 24, 1861, made at Redhill (London, 1863). Never were data more opportunely furnished. Perhaps more effectually than the pronouncements of spectrum analysis, they served to revolutionise ideas on solar physics. Efforts to ascertain the true rate of solar rotation had been continually baffled by what were called the ‘proper motions’ of the spots serving as indexes to it.Carrington showed that these were in reality due to a great ‘bodily drift’ of the photosphere, diminishing apparently from the equator to the poles (ib. xix. 81). There was, then, no single period ascertainable through observations of the solar surface. By equatorial spots the circuit was found to be performed in about two and a half days less than by spots at the (ordinarily) extreme north and south limits of 45°. The assumed ‘mean period’ of 25.38 solar days


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts: applied, in fact, only to two zones 14° from the equator; nearer to it the time of rotation was shorter, further from it longer, than the average. Carrington succeeded in representing the daily movement of a spot in any heliographical latitude l, by the empirical expression 865′ ± 165 . sin 7/4 (l – 1°).But he attempted no explanation of the phenomenon. It formed, however, the basis of Faye's theory (1865) of the sun as a gaseous body ploughed through by vertical currents, which finally superseded Herschel's idea of a flame-enveloped, but cool, dark, and even habitable globe. <mask>'s determinations of the elements of the sun's rotation are still of standard authority. The inclination of the solar equator to the plane of the ecliptic he fixed at 7° 15′; the longitude of the ascending node at 73° 40′ (both for 1850) . A peculiarity in the distribution of sun-spots detected by him about the time of the minimum of 1856, afforded, as he said, ‘an instructive instance of the regular irregularity and the irregular regularity’ characterising solar phenomena (ib. xix. 1).As the minimum approached, the belts of disturbance gradually contracted towards and died out near the equator; shortly after which two fresh series broke out, as if by a completely new impulse, in comparatively high latitudes, and spread equatorially. No satisfactory rationale of this curious procedure has yet been arrived at. It is, nevertheless, intimately related to the course of sun-spot development, since Wolf found evidence of a similar behaviour in Böhm's observations of 1833–6, and it was perceived by Spörer and Secchi to recur in 1867. While still in his apprenticeship at Durham, <mask> repaired to Sweden on the occasion of the total solar eclipse of 28 July 1851, and made at Lilla Edet, on the Göta river, observations printed in the Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society

masks: Carrington Carrington


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts:
 (xxi. 58). The experience thus gained was turned to public account in the compilation of Information and Suggestions addressed to Persons who may be able to place themselves within the Shadow of the Total Eclipse of the Sun on September 7, 1858, a brochure printed and circulated by the lords of the admiralty in May 1858. The eclipse to which it referred was visible in South America.A visit to the continent in 1856 gave him the opportunity of drawing up a valuable report on the condition of a number of German observatories (Monthly Notices, xvii. 43), and of visiting Schwabe at Dessau, to whose merits he drew explicit attention, and to whom, in the following year, he had the pleasure of transmitting the Gold Medal of the RAS. He fulfilled with great diligence the duties of secretary to that body, 1857–62, and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 7 June 1860. The great solar storm of 1859
<mask>, together with fellow amateur Mr. Hodgson, were the sole witness of the extraordinary solar outburst of 1 September 1859. Carrington and Hodgson compiled independent reports which were published side by side in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, and exhibited their drawings of the event at the November 1859 meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society. The geomagnetic solar flare hit the Earth the following days, the main body of which fell over the American continents. In these early days of electrical communication, the telegraph systems was the most affected.Lines all over Europe and North America failed, in some cases giving telegraph operators electric shocks. Telegraph pylons threw sparks. Some telegraph operators could continue to send and receive messages despite having disconnected their power supplies. Based on Carrington's observation of the solar storm, this type of event now bear the name Carrington Event. Late life


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts:
 and demise
But the lease by which he held his powers of useful work was unhappily running out. A severe attack of illness in 1865 left his health permanently impaired. In 1869, he married Rosa Ellen Jeffries (1845–75), and, having disposed of the brewery, he retired to Churt, Surrey, where, on the top of an isolated conical hill, 60 feet high, locally known as the Middle Devil's Jump, in a lonely and picturesque spot, he built a new observatory (ib.xxx. 43). Its chief instrument was a large altazimuth on Steinheil's principle, but there are no records of observations made with it. He no longer attended the meetings of the RAS, and his last communication to it, 10 January 1873, was on the subject of a ‘double altazimuth’ of great size which he had thoughts of erecting (ib. xxxiii. 118). A deplorable tragedy, however, supervened.On the morning of 17 November 1875 his wife was found dead in her bed, as it seemed, through an overdose of chloral. The event, combined perhaps with the censure on a supposed deficiency of proper nursing precautions conveyed by the verdict of the coroner's jury, told heavily on her husband's spirits. He left his house on the day of the inquest, and returned to it after a week's absence, only to find it deserted by his servants. He was seen to enter it on 27 November, but was never again seen alive. After a time some neighbour gave the alarm, the doors were broken open, and his dead body was found extended on a mattress locked into a remote apartment. A poultice of tea-leaves was tied over the left ear, as if for the relief of pain, and a post-mortem examination showed death to have resulted from an effusion of blood on the brain. A verdict of ‘sudden death from natural causes’ was returned.Legacy
<mask>'s manuscript books of sun-spot observations and reductions, with a folio volume of drawings, were purchased after his


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts:
 death by Lord Lindsay (later Earl of Crawford), and presented to the Royal Astronomical Society (ib. xxxvi. 249). To the same body <mask> bequeathed a sum of £2,000. Among his numerous contributions to scientific collections may be mentioned a paper ‘On the Distribution of the Perihelia of the Parabolic and Hyperbolic Comets in relation to the Motion of the Solar System in Space,’ read before the Astronomical Society, 14 December 1860 (Mem. R. A. Soc. xxix.355). The result, like that of Mohn's contemporaneous investigation, proved negative, and was thought to be, through uncontrolled conditions, nugatory; yet it perhaps conveyed an important truth as to the original connection of comets with the solar system. Work

Even though he did not discover the 11-year sunspot activity cycle, <mask>'s observations of sunspot activity after he heard about Heinrich Schwabe's work led to the numbering of the cycles with <mask>'s name. For example, the sunspot maximum of 2002 was Carrington Cycle No. 23. <mask> also determined the elements of the rotation axis of the Sun, based on sunspot motions, and his results remain in use today. Carrington rotation is a system for measuring solar longitude based on his observations of the low-latitude solar rotation rate.<mask> made the initial observations leading to the establishment of Spörer's law. <mask> won the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) in 1859. <mask> also won the Lalande Prize of the French Academy of Sciences in 1864, for his Observations of Spots on the Sun from 9 November 1853 to 24 March 1861, Made at Redhill. This award was not reported in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, probably due to <mask>'s bitter, acrimonious and public criticism of Cambridge University over the appointment of John Couch Adams, Lowndean Professor of Astronomy and Geometry, as the

masks: Carrington Carrington Carrington Carrington Carrington Carrington Carrington Carrington


title: Richard Christopher Carrington

texts:
 non-observing Director of the Cambridge Observatory. As a measure of displeasure <mask> withdrew Observations from official considerations of the RAS for what would likely have been the book's second gold medal, for the year 1865. Carrington super flare

On 1 September 1859, <mask> and <mask>, another English amateur astronomer, independently made the first observations of a solar flare. Because of a simultaneous "crochet" observed in the Kew Observatory magnetometer record by Balfour Stewart and a geomagnetic storm observed the following day, Carrington suspected a solar-terrestrial connection.For this reason, the geomagnetic storm of 1859 is often called the Carrington Event. Worldwide reports on the effects of the geomagnetic storm of 1859 were compiled and published by Elias Loomis which supported the observations of Carrington and Balfour Stewart. Selected writings

 {{Citation | author = Carrington, <mask> | title = Observations of the Spots on the Sun from 1853 to 1861 (1863) Williams and Norgate | url =  https://archive.org/details/observationsofsp00carr }}

 References

 Further reading

  – Originally published in the July 1960 issue of Sky & Telescope''

  – an obituary
 Charbonneau, Paul. <mask> <mask> (1826–1875) (short biographical sketch), Groupe D'astrophysique de Groupe D'astrophysique de l'Université de Montréal (University of Montreal), 27 December 2001. External links
 "Carrington's star billing": an article in The Times Literary Supplement by John North, 24 October 2007

 Extensive history and timeline about Carrington by Astronomer Sten Odenwald
 R. <mask> @ Astrophysics Data System

1826 births
1875 deaths
19th-century British astronomers
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
Burials at West Norwood Cemetery
Recipients of the Lalande Prize
Alumni

masks:
Carrington
Carrington
Richard Hodgson
Richard Christopher
Richard Christopher
Carrington
Carrington


title: Tony Laubach

texts: <mask> is an American storm chaser and meteorologist. He has participated in several field research projects and is one of the surviving members of TWISTEX. He has been contracted as a severe weather photojournalist for various major television networks, and has starred in several television shows, including Seasons 3 through 5 of Storm Chasers on the Discovery Channel. <mask> is a field Meteorologist and storm chaser for AccuWeather. <mask> made his debut on the network on June 7, 2021 after witnessing a tornado from their new house the day they closed. On August 9 in northern Illinois, Laubach aired the Sycamore, IL tornado live on the network in the middle of a tornado outbreak. <mask> was the weekend morning meteorologist and storm chaser for KAKE-TV in Wichita, Kansas.He joined the team on March 19, 2018 and debuted on-air a week later on March 25. Three years later on March 25, 2021, <mask> announced on his Facebook page that he was leaving KAKE with his last day being May 2. Prior to KAKE, <mask> worked for nearly five years as a meteorologist and the "Weather Warrior" for WSIL-TV in Carterville, Illinois. He worked at WSIL from July 31, 2013 until March 11, 2018. Prior to that, <mask> was the primary storm chaser and a weather producer at KMGH, 7News in Denver, Colorado. At WSIL, <mask> created and produced a nine-part segment that aired every Wednesday from May 3 to July 8, 2015 called "Weather Warrior Wednesday". This weekly package detailed his storm chasing, and he produced it from the field.He did a second season of the "Weather Warrior" segment in 2016, which aired from May 4 to July 13, and featured eight packages and two narratives. In August 2016, <mask> debuted as a broadcast meteorologist, filling

masks:
Tony Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach
Laubach


title: Tony Laubach

texts:
 in to do weathercasts on weekend mornings. He was promoted to full-time weekend mornings starting on September 3, 2017. He created another storm chasing segment called "Storm Story Sunday", which featured highlights of his storm-chasing career and aired every Sunday for his tenure as the full-time weekend meteorologist. His final "Storm Story Sunday" aired on March 4, 2018 and included his official announcement that he was leaving WSIL to pursue his career in Kansas. <mask> was the contributing producer, a videographers, and featured talent in KMGH 7News's 2011 television news special, "Tracking Twisters". The special was named "Best Single Program Including News Magazine Programs" in 2011 by the Colorado Broadcast Association, and received a 2012 regional Emmy award from the National Television Academy Heartland Chapter for "Magazine Program/Weather Program".<mask>'s images and footage have been used by networks and programs including CNN, ABC News, Good Morning America, Fox News, The Weather Channel, The National Geographic Channel, The Discovery Channel, The Travel Channel, Associated Press, Univision, Women's Entertainment, and local media news outlets nationwide. In July 2017, The Scioto Post named <mask> as the 10th most famous person from Pickaway County, Ohio, owing to his well publicized storm-chasing career. Education
Prior to college, he graduated high school in 1999 from John F Kennedy High School in Denver, Colorado after relocating from Ohio where he attended Circleville High School in Circleville, Ohio. In 2016 he earned a Master's of Science in Professional Media and Media Management Studies, with a concentration in New Media and Journalism, from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois. In

masks: Laubach Laubach Laubach


title: Tony Laubach

texts:
 2009, he earned a Bachelor's of Science in Meteorology and Technical Communications, with a minor in Mathematics and a concentration in Interactive Media, from Metropolitan State University, Denver, Colorado. Storm chase career
<mask>'s first chase was in May 1997 where he documented a small tornado near Clarksburg, Ohio. After moving to Colorado, he began his professional career in 2002 and has since been featured on several television specials, with his video work appearing nationally across various major networks.From 2007 through 2011, <mask> was a permanent participant in the field research project TWISTEX, headed up by engineer Tim Samaras. He was in charge of operations in a mesonet vehicle, taking measurements of RFD in supercell and tornado-producing storms. From 2009 through 2011, he was part featured on Storm Chasers. In 2008, <mask> took part in the filming of shows for the National Geographic Channel and Women's Entertainment, both shows airing in early/mid-2009. In 2011, he was part of the filming for the KMGH special "Tracking Twisters", airing in July 2011. On May 24, 2011, Laubach saw his 200th career tornado in Fairview, Oklahoma. In 2012, he returned to solo chasing.On May 31, 2013, Laubach documented the largest tornado on record near El Reno, Oklahoma. That tornado took the lives of his fellow TWISTEX teammates Tim Samaras, Paul Samaras, and Carl Young of South Lake Tahoe, California. Laubach escaped the storm by less than a minute early in its life-cycle as it was quickly growing to its record width and was three miles south of his TWISTEX teammates when the storm struck them. On May 24, 2016, near Dodge City, Kansas, Laubach saw his 300th career tornado. On August 8, 2021, <mask> broke his

masks: Laubach Laubach Laubach Laubach


title: Tony Laubach

texts:
 2010)
"Tracking Twisters" - KMGH ABC 7News (aired July 31, 2011), also credited as photographer
Storm Stories, The Next Chapter - Ep.1, "Twin Twisters", The Weather Channel (aired August 8, 2019)

Laubach was featured in the opening credits of Storm Chasers in season 5, but never appeared in an episode. Awards
Kansas Association of Broadcasters (KAB) First Place, 2019 "Weathercast: Severe Weather Alert Day" (won with Meteorologists Jay Prater and Cat Taylor)
National Television Academy Heartland Chapter Regional Emmy Nomination, 2019 "Talent, Weather Anchor"
National Television Academy Heartland Chapter Regional Emmy Award, 2012 "Magazine Program/Weather Program" for "Tracking Twisters" (contributing producer/videographer/featured talent)
Colorado Broadcast Association, 2011 "Best Single Program Including News Magazine Programs" for "Tracking Twisters" (contributing producer/videographer/featured talent)
Weatherwise, 2012 photo contest, third prize, for "The sun sets through a supercell featuring arc clouds and a banded underside of an anvil cloud, photographed near Tryon, Nebraska, on August 17, 2011". Weatherwise, 2012 photo contest, honorable mention, for "The sun sets at the end of a stormy day near Pratt, Kansas, on May 20, 2011"
303 Magazine, 2009 "Odd Job of the Year" Award

Academic publications
2012/03/01 - Continuous Upper Air Profiling Near an EF3 Tornado
2008/10/27 - TWISTEX 2008: In situ and mobile mesonet observations of tornadoeshttp://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/141974.pdf

References

External links
 <mask>'s Facebook page

Storm chasers
American meteorologists
Amateur radio people
1980 births
Living people
People from Oxnard, California
People from Jackson County, Illinois
People from


title: Bonnie Pink

texts:
, known by her stage name <mask>, is a Japanese singer-songwriter and musician. She writes and composes all her songs, and plays guitar and piano. Asada has said that the name <mask> is random and has no special meaning; she chose it because it was easy to remember and because she thought the words were cute together. Aside from her native Japanese, she is also fluent in speaking English, Korean and Chinese. History
<mask> debuted in 1995 with the single "Orenji", under her real name, Asada Kaori. Her first album, Blue Jam, was released that same year under the Pony Canyon record label. She described it as a "mixture of bitter honey, blues music, momentary silence, irresistible madness, teardrops, sour grapes, hopeful bombs, big big love, and a few green apples" in the jacket.It introduced her unique style of music that has been defined as an off-beat mix between jazz, blues, pop, and rock. The next year she met Tore Johansson, Swedish producer for The Cardigans, who became her good friend and produced much of her work. The song "It's Gonna Rain!" was the fifth ending of the popular Rurouni Kenshin anime. She wrote her third album, Evil & Flowers (1998), while in isolation in the Swedish countryside. She hoped to find inspiration there, but became depressed. She put her feelings of frustration into the songs.She went to New York alone to take a vacation and to study music after having released her third album in 1998. She went back in 1999 and contracted with Warner Music Japan. Let Go
On her fourth album, Let Go, she worked with Mitchell Froom, New York producer of Elvis Costello, Cibo Matto, and Suzanne Vega. He gave her co-production credit for the album because he was so impressed with her. Her fifth album, Just a Girl, came out in 2001. The next year she collaborated with other artists and released Re-Pink, a remix album. Present came out in 2003 and Even So in 2004.Golden Tears, which features the single "So Wonderful", came out in 2005, and she

masks:
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink


title: Bonnie Pink

texts:
 performed at SXSW that same year as part of Japan Nite. Love is Bubble
<mask> released a new single "Love is Bubble" in May 2006. Her June 2006 single "A Perfect Sky", featured in an Anessa makeup commercial with popular model Yuri Ebihara, reached number 2 on the Oricon singles charts, making it the most successful single in <mask>'s career. Her "best of" album sold out quickly on Amazon Japan and reached number two on the Oricon charts and continued to chart in the top 30 becoming one of the top selling albums of the year. In November 2006, she was featured in M-Flo's single "Love Song". The single was a hit for both M-Flo and <mask>, and debuted at number 7 on the Oricon charts, which is a big leap from M-Flo's previous singles and gained <mask> another top 10 single. So Wonderful
Her song "Cotton Candy" was used as the ending theme for the anime Guyver: The Bioboosted Armor in 2005, and "Love is Bubble" was the theme song for the Japanese movie Memories of Matsuko, in which she also featured.Her single "Last Kiss", which appears as the last song on her greatest hits album, was the ending theme to the popular Gantz anime. Anything for you
<mask>'s single "Anything for You", although not as successful as "A Perfect Sky", still reached number 9 on the Oricon charts, achieving moderate success. <mask>, shortly after releasing her previous single, began performing on popular TV music shows and promoting her latest single, "Water Me", which was the theme song for the popular TV drama Watashitachi no Kyōkasho ("Our Textbooks") a dark, melancholy drama about a young girl's suicide and the effect on her school. The single "Water Me" reached number 6 on Oricon on its release date and number 8 on the weekly charts. On 7 July 2007, <mask> performed at Live Earth in Kyoto. Thinking Out Loud
<mask>'s album Thinking Out Loud was released on 25 July 2007, her first album to be sold in both CD and CD+DVD formats. The first press of both editions came with an access

masks:
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink


title: Bonnie Pink

texts:
 ticket containing the AD/Password to reserve tickets for her tour, "Bonnie Pink Tour 2007 'Thinking Out Loud' Final at Nippon Budokan" on a special designated website.The CD pre-orders made the album number 1 on the Amazon.com Japan Top Sellers. The album debuted at number 4 on the Oricon Daily Charts and number 5 on the weekly charts selling approximately 53,605 copies. As of 5 September 2007, her album had sold approximately 90,000 copies. <mask> was on her "Thinking Out Loud Tour" from late 2007 to early 2008. I and Ai
In April 2008, <mask> made a guest performances for Domoto Tsuyoshi's solo project 244 Endli-x album I and Ai. She was featured on the last track, "Say Anything", which she wrote the lyrics to with Domoto. Ring a Bell
The English version of <mask>'s single "Ring a Bell" is only available through digital download."Ring a Bell" was used as the theme song for the American release of the Xbox 360 game Tales of Vesperia. The single was released in Japan and America on iTunes to celebrate <mask>'s 35th birthday. Its Japanese counterpart, "Kane o Narashite", was released on 6 August 2008. <mask>'s thirtieth single, "Joy / Happy Ending", was released on 8 April 2009. One, her 10th studio album, followed on 13 May 2009. Discography

 Blue Jam (1995)
 Heaven's Kitchen (1997)
 Evil and Flowers (1998)
 Let Go (2000)
 Just a Girl (2001)
 Present (2003)
 Even So (2004)
 Golden Tears (2005)
 Thinking Out Loud (2007)
 One (2009)
 Dear Diary (2010)
 Chasing Hope (2012)

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Anime composers
Anime musicians
English-language singers from Japan
Korean-language singers of Japan
Japanese expatriates in Sweden
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese women singer-songwriters
Japanese-language singers
Mandarin-language singers
Musicians from Kyoto Prefecture
People from Kyoto Prefecture
Pony Canyon artists
Video game musicians
Warner Music Japan artists
20th-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese women

masks:
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink
Bonnie Pink


title: Ding Liren

texts:
<mask> (born 24 October 1992) is a Chinese chess grandmaster. He is the highest rated Chinese chess player in history and is also a three-time Chinese Chess Champion. He was the winner of the 2019 Grand Chess Tour, beating Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the finals and winning the 2019 Sinquefield Cup, as the first player since 2007 to beat Magnus Carlsen in a playoff. <mask> is the first Chinese player ever to play in a Candidates Tournament and pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE world rankings. In July 2016, with a Blitz rating of 2875, he was the highest rated Blitz player in the world. <mask> was undefeated in classical chess from August 2017 to November 2018, recording 29 victories and 71 draws. This 100-game unbeaten streak was the longest in top-level chess history, until Magnus Carlsen surpassed it in 2019.Education
<mask> attended Chant Garden Elementary School and is a graduate of Zhejiang Wenzhou High School and Peking University Law School. <mask> is a three-time Chinese Chess Champion (2009, 2011, 2012) and has represented China at all four Chess Olympiads from 2012 to 2018, winning team gold medals in 2014 and 2018 and individual bronze and gold medals in 2014 and 2018 respectively. He also won team gold and individual silver at the World Team Championships in 2015. In August 2015, he became the second Chinese player after Wang Yue to break into the top 10 of the FIDE world rankings. In July 2016, with a Blitz rating of 2875, he was the highest rated Blitz player in the world. In September 2017, he became the first

masks:
Ding Liren
Ding
Ding
Ding
Career Ding


title: Ding Liren

texts:
 Chinese player to qualify for a Candidates Tournament, the penultimate stage in the World Championship. At the Candidates Tournament 2018 he placed clear 4th with +1−0=13, the only candidate without a loss at the event.In September 2018, <mask> became the first Chinese player to pass the 2800 Elo mark on the FIDE world rankings, and in November he reached a rating of 2816, the joint-tenth highest rating in history. In August 2019, he won the Sinquefield Cup 2019 with 2 wins and 9 draws, beating reigning World Champion Magnus Carlsen in the playoffs. In October of the same year, <mask> qualified for the Candidates Tournament 2020–21 by finishing 2nd place in the World Cup for the second time in a row. However, he had a poor start to the Candidates tournament, and finished in a tie for 5th and 6th. Along with Magnus Carlsen, Maxime Vachier-Lagrave and Levon Aronian, he was a 2019 Grand Chess Tour finalist. <mask> went on to win the Grand Chess Tour final, beating Aronian in the semifinals and Vachier-Lagrave in the finals, becoming the 2019 Grand Chess Tour Champion. April 2011: Chinese Individual Championship in Xinghua, Jiangsu, 1st with 9/11
Chess World Cup 2011: knocked out by Wesley So
April 2012: Chinese Individual Championship in Xinghua, Jiangsu, 1st with 8/11
October 2012: SPICE Cup in St. Louis, tied for 2nd with 5½/10
In the 2013 Alekhine Memorial tournament, held from 20 April to 1 May, Liren finished ninth, with +1−3=5.March - April 2017: Won the Longgang Shenzhen Grandmaster Tournament. May 2017: Won the Moscow Grand

masks: Ding Ding Ding


title: Ding Liren

texts:
 Prix with 6/9
September 2017: Reached the final of the 2017 Chess World Cup. This qualified him for the Candidates Tournament, the first Chinese player to do so. He subsequently lost on tiebreak in the final to Levon Aronian. March 2018: Candidates Tournament 2018, Berlin. Placed clear 4th with +1−0=13, the only candidate without a loss at the event. April 2018: Shamkir Chess 2018, finished 2nd with 5½/9 (+2–0=7).August 2019: He finished second place in the Saint Louis Rapid and Blitz event with a score of 21½/36. The second place was tied and shared with Yu Yangyi and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave. August 2019: <mask> <mask> won the 2019 Sinquefield Cup by beating Magnus Carlsen in both blitz tiebreak games after drawing both rapid tiebreak games; both <mask> and Carlsen scored 6½/11 (+2–0=9) in the classical games. December 2019: <mask> <mask> won the Grand Chess Tour Finals by beating Levon Aronian in the semifinals and Maxime Vachier-Lagrave in the finals. March 2020 and April 2021: <mask> <mask> played in the Candidates Tournament for the right to face Magnus Carlsen for the World Chess Championship. He got off to a slow start, losing his first two games but finished the tournament with three straight wins to finish in 5th place. His final win was with the white pieces over the tournament winner, Ian Nepomniachtchi.June-July 2021: Finished in 4th place in the Goldmoney Asian Rapid tournament. He was one of eight players to advance to the knockout stage of the tournament after a 3rd place finish in the round-robin phase of the

masks: Ding Liren Ding Ding Liren Ding Liren


title: Ding Liren

texts:
 tournament. Defeated Jan-Krzysztof Duda 1½-½ in the quarterfinals before losing to Vladislav Artemiev in the semifinals 2-1. He lost to Magnus Carlsen in the 3rd place match. December 2021: <mask> was a semi-finalist at the 2021 Speed Chess Championship, where he had already knocked out GM Shakhriyar Mamedyarov and GM Levon Aronian. In what was dubbed as the most epic Speed Chess Championship match ever, <mask> faced GM Hikaru Nakamura in the semi-finals, where Nakamura was only able to defeat <mask> in the Armaggedon after a four hour back-and-forth struggle. During the post-match interview, Nakamura himself admitted that this was the hardest Speed Chess Championship match he had ever played.References

Further reading
16-year-old <mask> Liren Wins Chinese Ch
<mask> <mask> wins the Chinese Chess Championship  (Chessdom)
<mask> <mask> (16) new Chinese Champion after surreal finish (ChessVibes)
Chinese Championship – a closer look at <mask> <mask> (ChessBase)
The Chess Mind (Dennis Monokroussos)
Ding Liren champion de Chine! (Europe Echecs)
Feedback and facts on FIDE's 'zero tolerance' rule
Chinese Championship – decision by default
http://zhuyue.blog.sohu.com/38398465.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20110724130530/http://www.wems.net/View.asp?id=443
https://web.archive.org/web/20120214052848/http://www.wems.net/View.asp?id=1269%0D%0A
https://web.archive.org/web/20110707033601/http://www.dbt.gov.cn/show.asp?id=360

External links

1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Wenzhou
Chess grandmasters
Chess players from

masks: Ding Ding Ding Ding Ding Liren Ding Liren Ding Liren


title: Sonia O'Sullivan

texts:
<mask>'Sullivan (born 28 November 1969) is an Irish former track and field athlete. She won a gold medal in the 5000 metres at the 1995 World Championships, and a silver medal in the 5000 metres at the 2000 Olympic Games. Her 2000 m world record of 5:25.36, set in 1994 stood until 2017. O'Sullivan first came to prominence when winning the 1500 m at the 1991 Universiade, before going on to finish fourth in the 3000 m final at the 1992 Olympic Games. She then won a silver medal in the 1500 m at the 1993 World Championships. She was the favourite for the 5000 m title at the 1996 Olympic Games but dropped out of the final due to illness. As well as her 1995 World title, she won three gold medals at the European Championships, in the 3000 m (1994), 5000 m (1998) and 10,000 m (1998), and is a two-time World Cross Country Champion.O'Sullivan won silver medals in the 5000 m and 10,000 m at the 2002 European Championships, and competed at her fourth Olympic Games in 2004. She is known for her dramatic kick, clocking 28-second final 200 m splits in some of her races. She is the one of two women (the other Tirunesh Dibaba) who won the short and long course World Cross Country title at the same championship (1998 in Marrakesh). Early career

Born in Cobh, County Cork, O'Sullivan was educated in Cobh Community College. She completed her leaving certificate in 1987. O'Sullivan's first major international competition was the 1990 European Championships at Split, where she finished 11th in the 3000 m. However, O'Sullivan improved quickly after that, and on 26 January the following year, at Boston, she set a new world indoor record in the 5000 m of 15:17.28,


title: Sonia O'Sullivan

texts:
 meet in Zurich on 16 August. Her other 3000 m victories included the Bislett Games in Oslo on 21 July, and the Grand Prix final in Monaco on 9 September.O'Sullivan was left with the dilemma leading up to the World Championships at Gothenburg, of whether to compete in the 1500 m or the 5000 m. She had been unbeaten at 5000 m before Gothenburg, although the fastest time of the year, a new world record, had been set by Portugal's Fernanda Ribeiro. In the end, O'Sullivan chose the 5000 m, and, after easily winning her heat on 10 August, she kicked clear of Ribeiro in the final two days later, to win the world title in 14:46.47. Three weeks later, on 1 September, at the ISTAF meeting in Berlin, O'Sullivan again battled over 5000 m with the new world record holder Ribeiro, and again O'Sullivan was victorious, winning in a time of 14:41.40, a new Irish record, and the third fastest 5000 m of all time. For the fourth year in a row, she won the Grand Prix Final, this time over 3000 m.

1996–1997
Although she was not as dominant as she had been in 1994 and 1995, <mask>'Sullivan continued to be a major force in 1996 at the distances between 1500 m and 5000 m. Her best event in 1996 was the 3000 m, where she was unbeaten for the third successive year, winning all five of her races. O'Sullivan produced the early season leading time of 8:42.40 in Eugene on 26 May, and then at Nice, on 10 July, she recorded the year's fastest time of 8:35.42. In the 1500 m, only two women broke 4 minutes during the year, one of whom was O'Sullivan, who clocked her best time of 3:59.91 when winning at the Bislett Games in Oslo on 5 July. In terms of preparation for the Olympic


title: Sonia O'Sullivan

texts:
 poignant moments of the 2004 Games.In November, O'Sullivan finished an impressive 4th in the World Half-Marathon Championship in Delhi. In April 2005, O'Sullivan ran the London Marathon for the first time and finished 8th in a personal best time of 2:29:01. In June she won Dublin's Women's Mini Marathon for the second time. However an injury kept her out of the 2005 World Championships in Helsinki. In January 2006, O'Sullivan applied for dual citizenship, which would allow her to compete for both Ireland and Australia. This request was granted and she intended to represent Australia at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, but to represent Ireland in all other competitions. She was chosen for the Australian Commonwealth team for the 5000 m. However, she wasn't able to compete due to a hamstring injury.On 14 February 2007, O'Sullivan said she planned to retire after the Great Ireland Run on 15 April, having said the previous year that she planned to run competitively until the 2012 Olympics in London. She later confirmed that she would retire at the end of the 2007 season. In March 2008, O'Sullivan was appointed team manager of the Australian team for the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Edinburgh, Scotland. In 2009, she ran the Cork City Marathon,

2010–present

In 2012, O'Sullivan carried the Olympic flame when it arrived in Dublin on 6 June. She carried the flame onto St Stephen's Green and lit an Olympic cauldron. O'Sullivan was made chef de mission for Team Ireland at the 2012 Olympic Games. O'Sullivan completed the 2013 Ealing Half Marathon in 1:27:28.Personal life
<mask>'s father John played as a goalkeeper for Cobh


title: Sonia O'Sullivan

texts:
 Ramblers football team. He had been in the Irish Navy. <mask> is married to Nic Bideau

, together they have two daughters, Ciara, and Sophie. Sophie won a silver medal in the 800 metres at the 2018 European Athletics U18 Championships in Győr, Hungary. <mask> has written two books "Running To Stand Still" published in 2001 and "Sonia My Story" in 2008. <mask> frequently commentates for RTÉ during World & European Championship

masks: Sonia Sonia Sonia


title: Mladen Bestvina

texts:
<mask> (born 1959) is a Croatian-American mathematician working in the area of geometric group theory. He is a Distinguished Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Utah. Biographical info
<mask> is a three-time medalist at the International Mathematical Olympiad (two silver medals in 1976 and 1978 and a bronze medal in 1977). He received a B. Sc. in 1982 from the University of Zagreb. He obtained a PhD in Mathematics in 1984 at the University of Tennessee under the direction of John Walsh. He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1987-88 and again in 1990–91.<mask> had been a faculty member at UCLA, and joined the faculty in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Utah in 1993. He was appointed a Distinguished Professor at the University of Utah in 2008. <mask> received the Alfred P. Sloan Fellowship in 1988–89 and a Presidential Young Investigator Award in 1988–91. <mask> gave an invited address at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Beijing in 2002. He also gave a Unni Namboodiri Lecture in Geometry and Topology at the University of Chicago. <mask> served as an Editorial Board member for the Transactions of the American Mathematical Society and as an associate editor of the Annals of Mathematics. Currently he is an editorial board member for Duke Mathematical Journal, Geometric and Functional Analysis, Geometry and Topology, the Journal of Topology and Analysis, Groups, Geometry and Dynamics, Michigan Mathematical Journal, Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics, and Glasnik Matematicki.In 2012 he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society. Mathematical contributions
A 1988 monograph of Bestvina gave an abstract topological characterization

masks:
Mladen Bestvina
Mladen Bestvina
Bestvina
Bestvina
Bestvina
Bestvina


title: Mladen Bestvina

texts: of universal Menger compacta in all dimensions; previously only the cases of dimension 0 and 1 were well understood. John Walsh wrote in a review of <mask>'s monograph: 'This work, which formed the author's Ph.D. thesis at the University of Tennessee, represents a monumental step forward, having moved the status of the topological structure of higher-dimensional Menger compacta from one of "close to total ignorance" to one of "complete understanding".' In a 1992 paper <mask> and Feighn obtained a Combination Theorem for word-hyperbolic groups. The theorem provides a set of sufficient conditions for amalgamated free products and HNN extensions of word-hyperbolic groups to again be word-hyperbolic. The Bestvina–Feighn Combination Theorem became a standard tool in geometric group theory and has had many applications and generalizations (e.g.). <mask> and Feighn also gave the first published treatment of Rips' theory of stable group actions on R-trees (the Rips machine) In particular their paper gives a proof of the Morgan–Shalen conjecture that a finitely generated group G admits a free isometric action on an  R-tree if and only if G is a free product of surface groups, free groups and free abelian groups.A 1992 paper of <mask> and Handel introduced the notion of a train track map for representing elements of Out(Fn). In the same paper they introduced the notion of a relative train track and applied train track methods to solve the Scott conjecture which says that for every automorphism α of a finitely generated free group Fn the fixed subgroup of α is free of rank at most n.  Since then train tracks became a standard tool in the study of algebraic, geometric and dynamical properties of automorphisms of free groups and of

masks: Bestvina Bestvina Bestvina Bestvina


title: Mladen Bestvina

texts:
 subgroups of Out(Fn). Examples of applications of train tracks include: a theorem of Brinkmann proving that for an automorphism α of Fn the mapping torus group of α is word-hyperbolic if and only if α has no periodic conjugacy classes; a theorem of Bridson and Groves that for every automorphism α of Fn the mapping torus group of α satisfies a quadratic isoperimetric inequality; a proof of algorithmic solvability of the conjugacy problem for free-by-cyclic groups; and others. <mask>, Feighn and Handel later proved that the group Out(Fn) satisfies the Tits alternative, settling a long-standing open problem. In a 1997 paper <mask> and Brady developed a version of discrete Morse theory for cubical complexes and applied it to study homological finiteness properties of subgroups of right-angled Artin groups. In particular, they constructed an example of a group which provides a counter-example to either the Whitehead asphericity conjecture or to the Eilenberg−Ganea conjecture, thus showing that at least one of these conjectures must be false. Brady subsequently used their Morse theory technique to construct the first example of a finitely presented subgroup of a word-hyperbolic group that is not itself word-hyperbolic.Selected publications
<mask>, Mladen, Characterizing k-dimensional universal Menger compacta. Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 71 (1988), no. 380
<mask>, Mladen; Feighn, Mark, Bounding the complexity of simplicial group actions on trees. Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 103 (1991), no. 3, pp.449–469
<mask>, Mladen; Mess, Geoffrey, The boundary of negatively curved groups. Journal of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 4 (1991), no. 3, pp. 469–481
<mask> <mask>, and Michael Handel, Train

masks: Bestvina Bestvina Bestvina Bestvina Bestvina Mladen Bestvina


title: Mladen Bestvina

texts:
 tracks and automorphisms of free groups. Annals of Mathematics (2), vol. 135  (1992),  no.1, pp. 1–51
M<mask> and M. Feighn, A combination theorem for negatively curved groups. Journal of Differential Geometry, Volume 35 (1992), pp. 85–101
M. <mask> and M. Feighn. Stable actions of groups on real trees. Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 121 (1995), no.2, pp. 287 321
<mask>, <mask> and Brady, Noel, Morse theory and finiteness properties of groups. Inventiones Mathematicae, vol. 129 (1997), no. 3, pp. 445–470
<mask> <mask>, Mark Feighn, and Michael Handel. The Tits alternative for Out(Fn).I. Dynamics of exponentially-growing automorphisms. Annals of Mathematics (2), vol. 151  (2000),  no. 2, pp. 517–623
<mask> <mask>, Mark Feighn, and Michael Handel. The Tits alternative for Out(Fn). II.A Kolchin type theorem. Annals of Mathematics (2), vol. 161  (2005),  no. 1, pp. 1–59
<mask>, Mladen; Bux, Kai-Uwe; Margalit, Dan, The dimension of the Torelli group. Journal of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 23 (2010), no.1, pp. 61–105

See also
Real tree
Artin group
Out(Fn)
Train track map
Pseudo-Anosov map
Word-hyperbolic group
Mapping class group
Whitehead conjecture

References

External links
<mask> <mask>, personal webpage, Department of Mathematics, University of Utah

Living people
1959 births
Group theorists
Topologists
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century mathematicians
University of Utah faculty
Yugoslav emigrants to the United States
Croatian mathematicians
University of Tennessee alumni
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb alumni
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
People from Osijek
International Mathematical Olympiad participants
Sloan Research

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. Bestvina
Bestvina
Bestvina
Mladen
Mladen
Bestvina
Mladen
Bestvina
Bestvina
Mladen
Bestvina


title: Swin Cash

texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (born September 22, 1979) is an American former professional basketball player who played professionally for 15 seasons in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She currently serves as vice president of basketball operations and team development for the New Orleans Pelicans. A prolific scorer and rebounder, as well as a capable ball handler and defender, she helped lead the University of Connecticut women's basketball team to national titles in 2000 and 2002. In her second WNBA season, she led the Detroit Shock to their first ever WNBA title. In 2015, she was named a studio analyst for MSG Networks covering the New York Knicks pre-games and post-games as well as the weekly coaches show. In 2017, <mask> was named the Director of franchise development for the New York Liberty. Although <mask> was intended to be inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in June 2020, the induction ceremony was postponed to August 21, 2021, as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Personal life
<mask> was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of McKeesport and raised by her mother, Cynthia. She has two brothers named Stephen and Kevin Menifee and one sister, Angelique Menifee. She holds basketball camps and clinics under her company, Swin Cash Enterprise LLC, and is involved in charity events through the WNBA. <mask> married longtime boyfriend Steve Canal in Atlanta, Georgia. High school
<mask> attended McKeesport Area High School in McKeesport, where she participated in many activities. She "tried her hands at" baseball, track, and cheerleading, but her true passion was entertainment, which she expressed in school plays and drama class. <mask> is best known for her basketball skills, which earned her a

masks:
Swintayla Marie
Swin
Cash Canal
Cash
Cash
Cash
Cash
Cash
Cash


title: Swin Cash

texts:
 place on the national WBCA All-American team.She participated in the WBCA High School All-America Game where she scored fourteen points, and earned MVP honors. <mask> was an All-American at the University of Connecticut (UConn). She won the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship with the UConn Huskies in 2000 and 2002. She also helped lead UConn to an undefeated 39–0 season in 2002. Swin was a member of the inaugural class (2006) of inductees to the University of Connecticut women's basketball "Huskies of Honor" recognition program. Professional career
<mask> was selected by the Detroit Shock in the 2002 WNBA Draft, second overall. After leading the Shock's resurgence in the second half of her rookie season, she then led the Detroit Shock to their first WNBA Championship title in 2003.She played in the 2003 WNBA All-Star Game and won the gold medal with the U.S. women's basketball team at the 2004 Olympic Games. In the off-season, <mask> has appeared as a studio analyst on ESPN's NBA Fastbreak  (according to ESPN.com) and during the 2008 Beijing Olympic games, she alternated with Teresa Edwards in presenting in-game commentary for NBC's presentation of the women's basketball tournament from the network's New York broadcast studios. <mask> appeared (as herself) in the movie Bring It On: All or Nothing. <mask> received the Dapper Dan Sportswoman of the Year award given to someone who shows excellence to the Pittsburgh area. She was also honored with Sidney Crosby and Dan Rooney. <mask> left Detroit for the 2008 season after "struggling to build a consistent relationship with Detroit Shock head coach Bill Laimbeer". On February 19, 2008, <mask> was traded to the Seattle Storm for the draft rights of No.4 pick in the

masks:
College Cash
Cash
Cash
Swin
Cash
Cash
Cash


title: Swin Cash

texts: 2008 WNBA draft. The Shock selected Alexis Hornbuckle with their draft pick. <mask> along with Sue Bird and Lauren Jackson helped the Storm win their second championship in 2010. On January 2, 2012, in perhaps the WNBA's biggest blockbuster trade news thus far, <mask> was traded, along with Le'Coe Willingham, to the Chicago Sky joining All- Star Sylvia Fowles. <mask> has been suffering from a herniated disk for more than two years, an injury suffered while helping the Detroit Shock win the WNBA championship in 2006. In 2009, she came back to Connecticut to lead the Western Conference over the Eastern Conference at Mohegan Sun in Uncasville, Connecticut. She led all scorers with an All-Star record of 22 points in a 130–118 win.The previous high was 20 by <mask>'s former Detroit teammate, Deanna Nolan, in 2005. <mask> was invited to the USA Basketball Women's National Team training camp in the fall of 2009. The team selected to play for the 2010 FIBA World Championship and the 2012 Olympics is usually chosen from these participants. At the conclusion of the training camp, the team will travel to Ekaterinburg, Russia, where they compete in the 2009 UMMC Ekaterinburg International Invitational. <mask> was one of twenty players named to the national team pool. Twelve of this group will be chosen to represent the US in the 2010 World Championships and the 2012 Olympics. <mask> was selected to be a member of the National team representing the US at the World Championships held in September and October 2010.The team was coached by Geno Auriemma. Because many team members were still playing in the WNBA until just prior to the event, the team had only one day of practice with the entire team before leaving for Ostrava and Karlovy

masks: Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash


title: Swin Cash

texts: Vary, Czech Republic. Even with limited practice, the team managed to win its first games against Greece by 26 points. The team continued to dominate with victory margins exceeding 20 points in the first five games. Several players shared scoring  honors, with <mask>, Angel McCoughtry, Maya Moore, Diana Taurasi, Lindsay Whalen, and Sylvia Fowles all ending as high scorer in the first few games. The sixth game was against undefeated Australia — the USA jumped out to a 24-point lead and the USA prevailed 83–75. The USA won its next two games by over 30 points, then faced the host team, the Czech Republic, in the championship game.The USA team had only a five-point lead at halftime, which was cut to three points, but the Czechs never got closer. Team USA went on to win the championship and gold medal. <mask> averaged 8.6 points per game. <mask> was named as one of the  National team members to represent the USA Basketball team in the WNBA versus USA Basketball. This game replaces the normal WNBA All-Star game with WNBA All-Stars versus USA Basketball, as part of the preparation for the FIBA World Championship for Women to be held in the Czech Republic during September and October 2010. <mask> was one of 21 finalists for the U.S. Women's Olympic Basketball Team Roster. The 20 professional women's basketball players, plus one collegiate player (Brittney Griner), were selected by the USA Basketball Women's National Team Player Selection Committee to compete for the final roster which will represent the US at the 2012 Olympics in London.<mask> made the final roster and played for the U.S. team that won the 2012 Olympic gold medal. Washington and Jefferson College awarded <mask> with an honorary degree in Doctorate of Public

masks: Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash Cash


title: Swin Cash

texts:
 Service at their commencement ceremonies in May 2011 to honor her charity work. <mask> is the founder of the Pennsylvania-based Cash for Kids charitable organization. <mask> was waived by New York Liberty on May 11, 2016. On May 24, 2016, it was reported that <mask> re-signed with the Liberty for the remainder of the season. She was immediately eligible for their game versus the Atlanta Dream on that day. On June 7, 2016, <mask> announced that she would retire at the end of the 2016 season.Anti-racism and anti-violence activism
<mask> is an advocate against gun violence and police brutality. In 2016, she was fined $500 by the Association, along with her teammates and players from two other WNBA teams, for wearing warm up shirts that read "#BlackLivesMatter" and "#Dallas5", both serving as references to gun violence. In a post-game debriefing following the incident, <mask> stated:I think it’s a shame that we keep seeing people that want to make this movement as something that’s violent. Five cops gave their lives up trying to protect a peaceful movement. And in this country, I do believe that you can assemble peacefully and protest against injustice. So until the system transforms, we cannot sit here and act like there is not a problem here in America.She said that part of what motivated her to take a stance against police violence was the Civil Rights Movement era stories her grandmother told her. She recognizes that police brutality is an aspect of racial activism, and she fears that because police are able to kill unarmed people without facing arrests, a regression to pre-Civil Rights laws and practices may occur for black people.In addition, her brother, Kevin Menifee, was allegedly beaten by police officers, who broke


title: George Henry Boughton

texts:
This page is about the painter, for the New York politician see <mask><mask>. <mask>  (4 December 1833 – 19 January 1905) was an Anglo-American landscape and genre painter, illustrator and writer. Life and work
Boughton was born in Norwich in Norfolk, England, the son of farmer <mask>. The family immigrated to the United States in 1835, and he grew up in Albany, New York where he started his career as a self-taught artist. At this early stage he was influenced by the artists of the Hudson River School. By the age of 19 he was recognised as a landscape painter and opened his first studio in 1852. In 1853, the American Art Union purchased one of his early pictures which financed six months of studying art in England.He concluded this period of his training with a sketching tour of the Lake District, Scotland and Ireland. After coming back to the USA, <mask> exhibited his works in Washington, D.C. and New York, but in the late 1850s he finally made a decision to move to Europe. From 1859–61 he studied art in France under Pierre Edouard Frère (1819–1886) and Edward Harrison May (1824–1887). In 1861 <mask> opened a studio in London, and, although living in England, nevertheless focused on subjects of early American Colonial history, and an American critic noticed that "for early history of this country his talents seems to be peculiarly fitted." His subject-pictures, such as the Early Puritans of New England Going to Church (1867), were especially popular. The Return of the Mayflower (shown at the Goupil Gallery, New York in 1871) was praised as "a picture which will live as long as the memory of the Mayflower itself lasts." Vincent van Gogh, who lived London in 1873–75, was much impressed by <mask>’s painting Godspeed!Pilgrims Setting Out for

masks:
George H
. Boughton
George Henry Boughton
William Boughton
Boughton
Boughton
Boughton


title: George Henry Boughton

texts: Canterbury. Then working as a minister, he gave a sermon inspired by the painting, and wrote about it to his brother Theo. The Boughton painting is now part of the collection of the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam. Boughton illustrated Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and  <mask> Longfellow's poems. In 1893, the edition of Washington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle and Sleepy Hollow was published in London with 53 illustrations by Boughton (see bibliography). A London critic once declared that he "has learnt the secret of putting natural feelings into rustic figures, which has been almost entirely wanting to English painters." Boughton exhibited extensively in both Britain and USA, and was elected a member of the National Academy of Design in New York in 1871.He was elected a member of the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours, an Associate of the Royal Academy (ARA) in 1879, and a Royal Academician (RA) in 1896. "He was a useful and popular member of this body, and worked well as member of the council, as a 'hanger', and as a teacher in the schools." After the death of John Callcott Horsley, <mask> was elected a Director of the "Fine Art and General Insurance Company". Among his landscape paintings - views of England and Brittany in France. In 1883, he travelled to Holland. His illustrated account of that journey was published in the Harper's Magazine as 'Artist Strolls in Holland', and published next year in London as Sketching Rambles in Holland (see bibliography). Boughton obviously took pleasure in writing: later he would participate in the publication of the 'English Art in the Public Galleries of London' providing the overview of <mask>'s biography and work.Boughton easily socialised in London artistic circles and was a member of the

masks:
Henry Wadsworth
Boughton
George Morland


title: George Henry Boughton

texts: Arts Club (1869–96), of the Reform Club, the Athenaeum Club, the Burlington Fine Arts Club and the Grolier and Lotos Clubs in New York. In 1865, Boughton married Katherine Louise Cullen (1845-after 1901), and they had an adopted daughter, Florence. Along with John Callcott Horsley, he was one of the early clients of architect Richard Norman Shaw who built a house for the Boughtons on Campden Hill, London. "The parties given here by Mr and Mrs Boughton were celebrated among artistic and literary people and in the Anglo-American section of the society." It was noticed that Boughton was influenced by works of British painter and illustrator Frederick Walker (1840–1875). In the 1870s in London he met James Whistler. In 1878, an American reviewer praised them as "shining lights in the art world" of London.<mask> published vivid recollections about Whistler, particularly mentioning his work on the famous ‘Peacock Room'. In 1877 he made an acquaintance with <mask> (1843–1916). The female novelist Violet Hunt (1862–1942) based her novels Their Lives (1916) and Their Hearts (1921) on her early love affair with Boughton. The novel Christina Chard (1894) by Mrs Rosa Campbell-Praed (1851–1935), an Australian novelist, was dedicated to Boughton, because he had suggested the idea of the book. In the 1880s-1890s, he was associated with several artistic colonies in countryside, namely with the village of Broadway in Worcestershire, the rustic beauty of which was recognised by many American artists. Along with <mask>, Edwin Abbey, John Singer Sargent and others, he frequently visited Broadway. Through Horsley and Shaw he also was associated with the Cranbrook Colony of artists, visiting them in the late 1860s-1880s.<mask> died of heart disease, on 19 January

masks:
Boughton
Henry James
Henry James
Boughton


title: George Henry Boughton

texts:
 1905, in his studio at Campden Hill, north London. His obituary stated that "he was kindly, genial, humorous, a lover of a good story, the essence of hospitality, and wholly free from jealousy, malice, and incharitable judgments." His paintings are now represented in many museums in the United States and Europe. Works

References

Further reading
<mask>, <mask>. Sketching rambles in Holland (New York, Harper & Brothers, 1885). Records of The Arts Club, London;

<mask>, G. H. 'A Few of the Various Whistlers I have Known' (Studio, vol. 30, December 1903) pp.208–18. Baldry, Alfred Lys. G. H. <mask>, R. A. His Life and Work (Virtue & Co, London, 1904). Paintings and Sculpture in the Collection of the National Academy of Design (New York, 2004. Vol.1) pp. 59–61.Books Illustrated by <mask>
Irving, Washington. Rip Van Winkle and, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (London: New York : Macmillan, 1893)
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter (1908)

External links

G H Boughton online (ArtCyclopedia)
G H Boughton - short biography (Turak Gallery)
G H Boughton - short biography ("The vault at PFAFFs")
paintings by Boughton (The Athaenaeum)
G H Boughton pictures (ArtMagick)
Hudson River school visions: the landscapes of Sanford R. Gifford, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Boughton (see index)

1833 births
1905 deaths
19th-century American painters
American male painters
20th-century American painters
American genre painters
19th-century English painters
English male painters
20th-century English painters
English illustrators
Royal Academicians
Artists from Norwich
Artists from Albany, New York
English emigrants to the United States
Members of the Royal Institute of Painters

masks:
Boughton
George Henry
Boughton
Boughton
Boughton


title: María Ángeles Ferrer Forés

texts:
<mask> is a Spanish music education pedagogue and musicologist, awarded the Premio Acción Magistral (Master Action Prize) 2010 by UNESCO, as best professor of Spain. Her books, discs, and interactive software for young students and teachers are published in Spain by Pearson Education (27 books and 18 CD in 2010, 2009) and Oxford University Press (9 books and 8 CD in 2005, 2004, 2003). She is member of the organization and Jury in Ibiza International Piano Competition. Studies and professional activity

Born in Palma de Majorca, Spain, she has the Musicology Ph.D. awarded by the University of Salamanca (2005). She made her postgraduate academic degree at University of Salamanca and University of London, Royal Holloway College (1996-1998). She has the Musicology Degree (1996) and History of Art Degree (1996) at University of Salamanca. She also has the Master's Degrees of piano (1992), singing (2000), music composition (2000) and music theory (2001), with the highest qualifications, at the Balearic Islands, Salamanca and Seville Conservatories of Music.She is Music Teacher in Secondary Education at Madrid (1998-current), Didactic of Music Associated Professor at University of Valladolid (2008-2012), Didactic of Music Associated Professor at Universidad Internacional de La Rioja UNIR (2012-current) and Didactic of Music Associated Professor at Universidad a distancia de Madrid UDIMA (2012-current) . This collection, for music students and teachers in Spanish and English, published also in the Catala, and Valencian languages. Another work is “Música. Proyecto Exedra” (Music. Exedra Project) published by Oxford University Press (9 books and 8 CD in 2005, 2004, 2003). She also wrote Tosca by Giacomo Puccini published by University of Salamanca (2007) and more than 100 articles in magazines, books, and notes for concerts and recitals. Singer and pianist

She gave recitals as singer and pianist at festivals including “Classics of XXIst Century” at Juan March Institute, Ibiza International Music Festival, Mozart Festival with the Balearics Symphony Orchestra at Auditorium of


title: Liam Mellows

texts:
<mask> (, 25 May 1892 – 8 December 1922) was an Irish republican and Sinn Féin politician. Born in England to an English father and Irish mother, he grew up in Ashton-under-Lyne before moving to Ireland, being raised in Cork, Dublin and his mother's native Wexford. He was active with the Irish Republican Brotherhood and Irish Volunteers, and participated in the Easter Rising in County Galway and the War of Independence. Elected as a TD to the First Dáil, he rejected the Anglo-Irish Treaty. During the Irish Civil War <mask> was captured by Pro-Treaty forces after the surrender of the Four Courts in June 1922. On 8 December 1922 he was one of four senior IRA men executed by the Provisional Government. Early life
<mask> was born at the Hartshead Military Barracks in Ashton-under-Lyne on 25 May 1892, the son of <mask>, an English man who worked as an NCO in the British Army, and Sarah Jordan, an Irish woman from Inch, County Wexford.His family moved to 10 Annadale Avenue in the Fairview area of Dublin in February 1895, when his father was transferred there; <mask> remained in Wexford with his grandfather, Patrick Jordan, due to ill health. He attended the military school in Wellington Barracks in Cork and the Portobello garrison school in Dublin, but ultimately refused a military career much to his father's disappointment, instead working as a clerk in several Dublin firms, including the Junior Army & Navy Stores on D'Olier Street. Career

Entry into politics
<mask> was an Irish nationalist from an early age. In 1911, he purchased a copy of Irish Freedom, which began, "We stand for Ireland..." He approached Thomas Clarke in his shop, who recruited him into Fianna Éireann, an organisation of young republicans. He also met Secretary Patrick O'Ryan, Con Colbert, and Eamon Martin, who

masks:
William Joseph Mellows
Mellows
Mellows
William Joseph Mellows
Mellows
Mellows


title: Liam Mellows

texts: would be a lifelong friend. At the next meeting, <mask>' brothers all signed up. On 7 April 1911 he was sworn to secrecy by the Irish Republican Brotherhood.<mask> was proposed for the post of Organiser and travelling instructor. He founded the Sluagh at Dolphins Barn, Co Wexford, which was a success. He established more Sluagdste at Ferns and Enniscorthy in Easter 1912. <mask> cycled everywhere, which was cheap and convenient; he was promoted Captain by Ard Choisde. In June 1913, <mask> stayed at Waterford IRB Centre with <mask> in the Gaelic League Room, Williams street. <mask> was organising sports in Tuam in September 1913 when he was introduced to socialist James Connolly at Countess Markievicz's residence, where Connolly was recuperating after his hunger strike. Connolly was deeply impressed and told his daughter Nora 'I have found a real man'.<mask> was called back to Dublin on 25 November 1913. He was active in the IRB and was a founder member of the Irish Volunteers, being brought onto its Organising Committee to strengthen the Fianna representation. He was given a full-time job on 30 s. p/wk. He joined forces with Éamonn Ceannt and Sir Horace Plunkett at the Provisional Committee choosing to support the parliamentary route taken by  Roger Casement. But as an employee he was compelled to agree with Redmondite candidates; although he had voted against the Nationalists pro-British policy. He was arrested and jailed on several occasions under the Defence of the Realm Act. On 1 August his company were taking an arms shipment from Howth to Dublin, when they fired on RIC at Clontarf.That evening De Valera took him by car to Kilcoole. Guns were loaded on a charabanc in Bray at night and then distributed in Dublin from a fleet of taxis. He was sent to Galway, and made his base

masks:
Mellows
Mellows
Mellows
Mellows
Liam Walsh
Mellows
Mellows


title: Liam Mellows

texts:
 at Athenry. There he met Seán Mac Diarmada and was appointed as election scrutineer at Tuam. On Sunday 18 May 1915, they were at an anti-enlistment rally, when arrested by Inspector Comerford with a gun in his back. Mac Diarmada was searched: they found a note book of IRB lists on his person. He was sentenced to 6 months.<mask> got away. He started a training group at Kynoch's Fort, south Galway recruiting men from miles around. On 1 July he was arrested at Courttown Harbour. He was sentenced to 3 months. Both men were sent to Mountjoy Prison. Months later he was with volunteers at Tullamore, when they were attacked by machine-guns, and fleeing the Hall over rooftops, made off by motor-bike; <mask> returned to post a letter to protect comrades. A week later he was arrested at Julia Morrissey's house.The British took him by train to Arbour Hill Prison, before he was shipped to England, and Leek. 1916 Easter Rising
Eventually escaping from Reading Jail he returned to Ireland to command the "Western Division" (forces operating in the West of Ireland) of the IRA during the Easter Rising of 1916. He led roughly 700 Volunteers in abortive attacks on Royal Irish Constabulary stations at Oranmore, and Clarinbridge in county Galway taking over the town of Athenry. However, his men were very badly armed and supplied and they dispersed after a week, when British troops and the cruiser  were sent west to attack them. In the aftermath of the Uprising over three hundred Galway Volunteers were deported to jails across England and Scotland. <mask> and a number of other local IRA leaders were able to evade capture after the station master of Athenry, James Miggins, delayed a detachment of incoming British troops. After this insurrection failed, <mask> escaped to the United States, where he was

masks: Mellows Mellows Mellows Mellows


title: Liam Mellows

texts:
 arrested and detained without trial in the "Tombs" prison, New York, on a charge of attempting to aid the German side in the First World War.This was in the context of incidents like the Black Tom and Kingsland explosions, where German agents had bombed neutral American ports and industrial facilities. After his release in 1918, he worked with John Devoy and helped to organise Éamon de Valera's fund raising visit to America in 1919–1920. He returned to Ireland to become Irish Republican Army "Director of Supplies" during the Irish War of Independence, responsible for buying arms. At the 1918 general election, he was elected to the First Dáil as a Sinn Féin candidate for both Galway East and for Meath North. (According to United Kingdom law, these were Westminster constituencies but Sinn Féin did not recognise them as such, but rather took them as de facto Dáil constituencies). Opponent of the Treaty
<mask> considered the Anglo-Irish Treaty as signed to be a betrayal of the Irish Republic, saying, in the Treaty Debates of 1921–22:

A conference of nine TDs was deputed to meet privately on 5 January 1922 to resolve the dispute and to achieve a unified front by compromise. The four other anti-Treaty TDs said there was agreement but <mask> did not, and was seen thereafter by pro-Treaty TDs as one of their most implacable opponents.The following day the Dáil voted to approve the Treaty by a majority of 64 to 57. Details on the private conference and the private Dáil session debate were not made public until the 1970s. He wrote a social programme based on the Dáil's Democratic Programme of 1919 aimed at winning popular support for the anti-Treaty cause. Civil war and execution
<mask> was one of the more strident TDs on the approach to the Irish Civil War. On 28 April 1922 he told the

masks: Mellows Mellows Mellows


title: Liam Mellows

texts:
 Dáil:

<mask> was one of a number of senior figures in the Anti-Treaty IRA faction that had occupied the Four Courts since April. However, on 28 June the building was bombarded by pro-Treaty Free State forces, and the IRA garrison was forced to surrender after two days. <mask> had a chance to escape along with Ernie O'Malley, but did not take it (see also Battle of Dublin).Imprisoned in Mountjoy Gaol in the Phibsborough area of Dublin, <mask> (along with Rory O'Connor, Joe McKelvey and Dick Barrett) was executed by firing squad on 8 December 1922, in reprisal for the shooting of Pro-Treaty TD Seán Hales (see executions during the Irish Civil War). These executions, and their effects on their fellow prisoners, are described in Peadar O'Donnell's Irish Civil War memoir The Gates Flew Open. Ideology
In 1922 The Irish Labour Party posthumously published a document entitled "<mask>'s Jail Programme", based on notes <mask> had smuggled out of jail after being captured by the Irish Free State. In this document, <mask> outlines a 10 point programme he proposed that the Anti-Treaty IRA adopt in 1922:
 Ownership and control of all heavy industries by the state for the benefit of all the people
 Complete ownership of the transport system by the state
 State ownership of all banks
 Confiscation of all the large ranches and estates, without compensation to the landed aristocracy, and the distribution of the land among the landless farmers and agricultural labourers. Election of joint councils representatives of these two classes to distribute and manage the land. Abolition of all forms of tenure and indebtedness either to private owners or to the state. Cancellation of all debts and mortgages.Establishment of an all-around shorter working day
 Control of workshop conditions, to be vested in

masks:
Mellows
Mellows
Mellows
Liam Mellow
Mellows
Mellows


title: Liam Mellows

texts:
 a joint council representing the workers' Trade Unions concerned and the state
 Municipalisation of all public services: Trams, light, heat, water, etc and free use by the workers
 Compulsory rationing of all available household accommodation and the abolishing of all rents
 Full maintenance for the unemployed at full Trade Union rates until useful work at Trade Union rates of wages can be provided
 The universal arming of all workers in the town and country to defend their rights

Dr. Pat Walsh opines that <mask> was not a Communist nor a Marxist, but simply a nationalist who, in a situation of desperation for the Republican forces who looked set to lose the Civil War, thought that only by bringing workers into the national struggle could the Republican forces survive. "It was with great reluctance," Walsh writes, "that Mellows advocated this course." Writing for An Phoblacht in January 2010, Sinn Fein's Eoin Ó Broin also discussed <mask>' Marxist political positions. In the article, Ó Broin quotes <mask>' "Jail notes", in which <mask>' applies Marxist theory to Ireland and advocates for a "People's Republic". Ó Broin concludes the article by suggesting that Sinn Féin should take up these positions. Commemoration

Mellows is commemorated by statues in Eyre Square in Galway, in the official name of the Irish Defence Forces army barracks at Renmore (Dún Úi Maoilíosa) and in the naming of Mellows Bridge in Dublin. He is also commemorated in the names of two GAA clubs (one in Galway, and Castletown Liam Mellows GAA Club  in Wexford), and by Unidare RFC in Ballymun and their "Liam Mellows Perpetual Cup".<mask> is buried in Castletown cemetery, County Wexford, a few miles from Arklow. An annual commemoration ceremony is held at his grave site, in which a wreath is laid by a member

masks: Mellows Mellows Mellows Mellows Mellows


title: Liam Mellows

texts:
 of the <mask>lows Commemoration committee. "<mask> Avenue" in Arklow is named in his honour, as is "<mask> Street" in Tuam, County Galway, "Liam Mellows Park" in Renmore, Galway, Teagasc Rural Economy Research Centre "Mellows Campus", Athenry, Galway and Wexford town, and Mellowes (sic) Road in Finglas, Dublin. In 2016, Fianna Fáil leader Micheál Martin TD unveiled a new gravestone for <mask>. In December 2019, a memorial statue was unveiled in Finglas. References

Further reading
Conor McNamara, '<mask>, Soldier of the Irish Republic, Selected Writings 1914-22' (Irish Academic Press, 2019). Greaves, C. Desmond.2004 [New edition]. <mask> and the Irish Revolution. Belfast: Foilseacháin an Ghlór Gafa. .
Dáil Treaty Debates
Photo of Mellowes 1922
'Fleshpots of Empire' speech (see above) 4 January 1922

External links
1911 census return
1901 census return

 <mask>, DP10200 in Ireland's Military Service Pensions Collection
 file relating to military service pension (1)
 file relating to military service pension (2)
 file relating to military service pension (3)
 file relating to military service pension (4)

1895 births
1922 deaths
Early Sinn Féin TDs
Executed Irish people
Irish communists
Irish Republican Army (1919–1922) members
Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) members
Members of the 1st Dáil
Members of the 2nd Dáil
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Galway constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Meath constituencies (1801–1922)
People executed by Ireland by firing squad
People executed by the Irish Free State
People killed in the Irish Civil War
People of the Easter Rising
People of the Irish Civil War (Anti-Treaty side)
Politicians from County Wexford
Politicians from Manchester
Syndicalists
UK MPs

masks:
Liam Mel
Liam Mellows
Liam Mellows
Mellows
Liam Mellows
Liam Mellows
Liam Mellows


title: Diego Brandão

texts:
<mask> (born 27 May 1987) is a Brazilian mixed martial artist currently competing in the Lightweight division. A professional since 2005, he formerly competed for the UFC, RIZIN, and Fight Nights Global. He was the winner of Spike TV's The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> made his MMA debut against Michel Bastos, winning via submission. He went 3-1 before fighting against UFC veteran Ronys Torres. He lost the fight by TKO due to punches.He then fought longtime UFC veteran Brian Foster and won via KO in the first round. Following the contest he won 6 and lost four of his next ten fights, with 3 wins by KO, 2 by submission and 1 by decision, before signing with the UFC. <mask> later became a member of Jackson's MMA in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The Ultimate Fighter
In 2011, <mask> signed with the UFC to compete on The Ultimate Fighter: Team Bisping vs. Team Miller. In the first episode, <mask> fought Jesse Newell to gain entry into the Ultimate Fighter house. <mask> quickly defeated Newell via first round knockout.He was the number one featherweight pick for Team Bisping. <mask> proved to be a loose cannon with confrontations with Marcus Brimage and Steven Siler. In the fifth episode it was announced that he would fight Siler on episode six. In this fight <mask> charged out of the gate with a flying knee and knocked Siler unconscious 30 seconds into the first round

masks:
Diego Pereira Brandão
Brandão
Brandão
Brandão
Brandão
Brandão
Brandão
Diego


title: Diego Brandão

texts:
 with a left hook. With this win he advanced to the semi finals to fight former WEC fighter, Bryan Caraway. <mask> defeated Caraway via KO due to a flying knee and follow up punches late in the first round. With the win over Caraway, <mask> moved on to the finale against Dennis Bermudez.Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> officially made his UFC debut on 3 December 2011, at The Ultimate Fighter 14 Finale against Dennis Bermudez to determine the first ever featherweight winner of The Ultimate Fighter 14. After a back-and-forth first round <mask> was knocked down and hit with heavy shots on the ground until he caught Bermudez with an armbar, and quickly forced the tapout. With his performance, <mask> was awarded Fight of the Night andSubmission of the Night honors, giving him a total of $80,000 in bonuses. During the post-fight interview <mask> proclaimed of his mother; "The only thing on my mind [is to] buy her [a] house". <mask> fought Darren Elkins on 26 May 2012, at UFC 146. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> fought and defeated Joey Gambino on 13 October 2012, at UFC 153 via unanimous decision.<mask> faced Pablo Garza on 6 April 2013, at UFC on Fuel TV 9. <mask> faced Daniel Pineda on 17 August 2013, at UFC Fight Night 26. He won the back-and-forth fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Dustin Poirier on 28 December 2013, at UFC 168. There was some bad blood between the two that was evident

masks: Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Diego Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão


title: Diego Brandão

texts: during the staredown at the weigh-in, with Poirier claiming <mask> had threatened to "stab me in the neck." <mask> weighed in at 153 pounds, seven pounds over the accepted 146-pound limit for a featherweight non-title fight. <mask> would continue to cut weight and weighed in an hour later, but could only get down to 151.5 pounds.He was fined 25 percent of his purse, but the bout went on as scheduled. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Will Chope on 23 March 2014, at UFC Fight Night 38. However, Chope was released from UFC when documents were released that showed Chope was discharged from the U.S. Air Force for domestic violence towards his ex-wife. <mask> was expected to face promotional newcomer Brian Ortega on 31 May 2014, at The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 3 Finale. However, <mask> pulled out of the bout in the days leading up to the event citing an injury. Due to the late nature of the change, officials did not try to find a replacement and Ortega was pulled from the card as well.<mask> faced Conor McGregor on 19 July 2014, at UFC Fight Night 46, replacing an injured Cole Miller. <mask> lost the fight via TKO in the first round. <mask> was expected to face Jimy Hettes on 31 January 2015, at UFC 183. However, the fight was canceled right before the event started, as Hettes passed out backstage. He was taken to a local hospital for precautionary reasons. Subsequently, the bout with

masks: Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão


title: Diego Brandão

texts:
 Hettes was rescheduled for 18 April 2015, at UFC on Fox 15. <mask> won the fight due to a doctor stoppage between the first and second round.<mask> faced Katsunori Kikuno on 27 September 2015, at UFC Fight Night 75. He dropped his opponent in the bout's opening seconds and followed up with a flurry of punches earning a TKO stoppage. The win also earned him his first Performance of the Night bonus award. <mask> faced Brian Ortega on 2 January 2016, at UFC 195. After controlling the first two rounds with his striking, <mask> lost the fight via submission in the third round. On 15 January 2016, it was announced that Brandao had tested positive for marijuana stemming from an in-competition test on 2 January. On 28 April 2016, Brandao was released from the UFC on account of a felony arrest.In ten fights under the promotion, he held a record of 6-4. Fight Nights Global
On 20 October 2016, <mask> signed a contract to fight Russian mixed martial artist Rasul Mirzaev. However, on 3 December, Mirzaev pulled out of the bout for unknown reason. <mask> defeated Murad Machaev on 28 January 2017, at Fight Nights 58. Absolute Championship Akhmat

<mask> faced Salman Zhamaldaev on 26 March 2021 at ACA 120: Oliveira vs. Bibulatov. After tripping Salman in the second round, <mask> delivered an illegal soccer kick to the head of Salman while his knee was on the ground. Salman couldn't continue, hence it was announced as an DQ loss for

masks: Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Brandão Diego Diego