title: Kerri Strug

texts:
 landed the vault briefly on both feet, almost instantly hopping onto only her good foot, saluting the judges. She then collapsed onto her knees and needed assistance off the landing platform, to which sportscaster John Tesh commented, "<mask> <mask> is hurt! She is hurt badly." The completed vault received a score of 9.712, mathematically guaranteeing the Americans the gold medal, though while it was not known at the time with Roza Galieva of Russia having not yet completed her floor routine, the Americans would still have won the gold by a margin of 0.309 points had <mask> not performed a second vault.Károlyi carried her onto the medals podium to join her team, after which she was treated at a hospital for a third-degree lateral sprain and tendon damage. Due to her injury, she was unable to compete in the individual all-around competition and event finals, despite having qualified for both; so Moceanu was chosen to take her place in the all-around, Dawes took her place in the floor final, and Miller took her place in the vault final. <mask> became a national sports hero for her final vault, visiting President Bill Clinton, appearing at various television talk shows, making the cover of Sports Illustrated and appearing on a Wheaties cereal box with other team members. Actor Chris Kattan notably parodied her adolescent-sounding voice (as her "brother" Kippi <mask>), and appeared on Saturday Night Live (in a segment in which she appeared alongside him). ESPN's "This is SportsCenter" ad campaign poked good-natured fun at her injury with two ads featuring various ESPN workers carrying her around. Professional career and college
Shortly after her feat, <mask> participated in the Ice Capades and Disney's World On Ice, then announced her retirement and enrolled in UCLA where she was a member of the Kappa Alpha Theta women’s fraternity. As a professional, she could not compete in NCAA gymnastics events, so she worked for a time as

masks: Kerri Strug Strug Strug Strug Strug


title: Kerri Strug

type: original

texts:
 team manager instead, a behind-the-scenes role.She later transferred to Stanford University where she earned a master's degree in Sociology. <mask> also took part in a Semester at Sea in the Fall of 2000. After gymnastics
In 2000, she was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. After graduation, <mask> worked as an elementary school teacher at Tom Matsumoto Elementary School in San Jose, CA, before moving to Washington, D.C. in 2003. She worked as a staff assistant with the White House Office of Presidential Student Correspondence, moved to a job at the General Counsel in the Treasury Department, and in March 2005, joined the Justice Department's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention staff as a presidential appointee. <mask> has also been an active marathon runner, having run marathons in Houston, New York, Boston and Chicago. During the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, <mask> was a correspondent for Yahoo!in artistic gymnastics. In 2008, she appeared in a television commercial for the Zaxby's restaurant chain. Also in 2008, her history-making ordeal at the 1996 Olympic games was featured in a commercial, narrated by actor Morgan Freeman for the "Go World" campaign. Personal life
<mask> was born in Tucson, Arizona, the daughter of Melanie Barron and Dr. <mask>, a cardiovascular surgeon. <mask> is Jewish. She married attorney Robert Fischer at the Skyline Country Club in Tucson, Arizona, on April 25, 2010. On March 1, 2012, Strug gave birth to the couple's son, Tyler William Fischer.In 2014, she gave birth to their daughter, Alayna Madaleine. Popular culture
<mask> did a cameo on Beverly Hills, 90210. <mask> was shown in Marie Claire magazine's "The 8 Greatest Moments for Women in Sports". <mask> is referenced in Sabrina: The Teenage Witch Season 1, Episode 10. <mask> is referenced in the animated series Bojack Horseman Season 5, Episode 5. When BoJack is challenged for his reference to

masks:
Strug
Strug
Strug
Strug
Strug
Burt Strug
Strug
Strug
Strug
Strug
Strug


title: Kerri Strug

texts:
 <mask> being outdated, he insists that he will update his references once we see the likes of <mask> again. <mask> had a voice cameo in King of the Hill Season 2, Episode 14, 'I Remember Mono,' appearing in a dream sequence with Bobby Hill.<mask> is referenced in Community Season 4, Episode 7, Economics of Marine Biology. <mask> is referenced in Murphy Brown Season 9, Episode 11. <mask> is referenced in an episode of the online YouTube show Demo Disk made by Funhaus. <mask> is referenced in the Season 9 episode of Roseanne entitled " Roseambo" when Roseanne, after flipping off the roof of a train car and landing on her feet, delivers the line, "Eat your heart out, <mask> <mask>." In 2020, Olivia Wilde announced she would be directing a biopic based on the book Landing On My Feet, A Diary Of Dreams. Thomasin McKenzie has been cast to portray <mask>. <mask> is mentioned in the Apple TV+ show Mythic Quest during a special episode bridging the first two seasons.She is referenced in a season two episode of the Saved by the Bell reboot. A character falls and gets injured, but says he'll "Kerri Strug it." See also
List of select Jewish gymnasts
List of Olympic female gymnasts for the United States

References

External links
Official website

1977 births
American female artistic gymnasts
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Gymnasts at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish gymnasts
Living people
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in gymnastics
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in gymnastics
Sportspeople from Tucson, Arizona
Stanford University alumni
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
U.S. women's national team gymnasts
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame inductees
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American women
Members of the Junior

masks: Strug Strug Strug Strug Strug Strug Strug Kerri Strug Kerri Strug


title: Lorenzo di Bicci

texts:
<mask> ( 1350 – 1427) was an Italian painter of the Florentine School considered to be one of the most important painters in Florence during the second half of the 14th century. He is believed to have learned his trade from his father, about whom little is known. <mask>’s style, as well as that of his contemporaries <mask> and <mask>ni, was influenced by the artist <mask>. <mask>'s paintings made use of bright colors and his compositions avoided complexity. The figures he painted tended to have round faces and were often expressionless. Another one of <mask>'s distinctive characteristics was his precision of execution. He was known for exceptional talent in drawing, an ability that he put to use at the initial stages of his painting.Unlike many celebrated Florentine artists of this period, <mask> mostly received commissions from the country clergy and from the lower-middle class Florentine guilds. His successors, <mask> <mask> and Neri <mask>, continued to serve these groups. Early life and training
<mask> <mask> was born in Florence around 1350. He is thought to have been taught the art of painting by his father, who most likely went by the nickname Jacopo, although his full name is currently unknown. By 1370, <mask> had become a member of the Guild of Saint Luke, the painters’ guild of Florence. The guild was named in honor of Luke the Evangelist, the patron saint of artists, whom John of Damascus had recognized as having painted the Virgin Mary's portrait. The Guild of Saint Luke brought together artists from a range of disciplines in Renaissance Florence.<mask>'s earliest work suggests the influence of a master whose identity is unknown but who was believed to be a member of the Guild of Saint Luke. Early career
<mask>'s first public work was a panel depicting St. Martin Enthroned, painted for the Arte dei Vinattieri, the wine-merchants’ guild of Florence. The painting was

masks:
Lorenzo di Bicci
Lorenzo
Jacopo di Cione
Niccolò di Pietro Geri
Andrea di Cione
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Bicci
di Lorenzo
di Bicci
Lorenzo di
Bicci
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo


title: Lorenzo di Bicci

texts: mounted in the Florentine church of Orsanmichele on a pilaster assigned to the guild on October 4, 1380, and is now in the Depositi Galleria d'Arte in Florence. The predella depicts the episode of St. Martin dividing his cloak with the beggar. It was about this time that <mask> began working with the painters Agnolo <mask>, Corso <mask>, and Jacopo <mask>, and the goldsmiths Piero del Miglior and Niccolo del Lucia. As a group they were commissioned to value the statues of Faith and Hope by <mask> Pero created for the spandrels of the Loggia della Signoria in Florence. <mask> was commissioned to apply the blue enamelled ground and to gild the statues, work that provided him a steady income.A more significant project arrived In 1387 when <mask> was employed to decorate the cathedral of Florence. This was a major project already underway at the time. Together with Spinello Aretino and Agnolo <mask>, <mask> produced preliminary drawings for the statues of the four Apostles which would be executed in marble for the façade of the church. Once the series of statues was completed, he was then commissioned, again with Aretino and <mask>, to paint and gild them. In his biography of the artist, Giorgio Vasari notes that <mask> learned much of his craft from Spinello, probably during this time. Although Giorgio Vasari’s biography of <mask> is replete with misattributions, it does suggest that <mask>, during this period, produced frescoes both in and out of the city of Florence. Vasari suggests that <mask> <mask> de<mask> commissioned <mask> to paint the hall of the old house of the Medici family.Among other works that Vasari mentions are a shrine on the bridge of Scandicci and a fresco of saints together with a Madonna at Cerbaia. According to Vasari, <mask> was then commissioned by the family of the Medici to paint a chapel in San Marco in Florence, a fresco in which he illustrated many

masks:
Lorenzo
Gaddi
diacopo
di Luca
Giacomo di
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Gaddi
Lorenzo
Gaddi
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Giovanni di
Bicci
’ Medici
Lorenzo
Lorenzo


title: Lorenzo di Bicci

texts:
 stories of the Madonna and depicted the Virgin herself surrounded by many saints. Later Work

In 1394 <mask> returned to the Loggia della Signoria where he painted and gilded the statue of Charity by Jacopo <mask> Guidi. In 1395, he was commissioned to value a statue of St. Victor by Piero <mask> Tedesco for the facade of the Florence cathedral. Three years later, in Florence, <mask> created three polylobed panels for the altar of the Madonna delle Grazie in the cathedral’s nave. The panels displayed half-length images of St John the Evangelist, St. Matthew, and St. Mark. Another artist, Pesello, was responsible for the image of the Agnus Dei, which centered the canopy’s vault, while <mask>'s most significant contribution was a curtain that accompanied the image of the Virgin.This canopy has since been dismantled and <mask>'s panels depicting the Evangelists are now housed in the Sagrestia dei Canonici in the cathedral. The Compagni della Croce di Santo Stefano in Empoli commissioned <mask>, in 1399, to produce a triptych. <mask> is believed to have painted two crucifixions during the years 1399 and 1400 respectively. The first is housed in the Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea in Empoli and utilizes a simple, two-dimensional design. The panel represents the Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St. John the Evangelist and St. Francis of Assisi at the foot of the cross. It is believed to have constituted the top half of a larger panel. The second crucifixion depicts Christ on the cross surrounded by angels collecting his spilt blood.The letters INRI labeling "Jesus of Nazareth The King of the Jews" are displayed on the red headpiece above the cross. The Christ and angels depicted in the later crucifixion are compositionally very similar to the first. Historians believe that <mask> painted a work of St. Francis and St. Anthony Abbot around the year 1400. The painting is thought

masks:
Lorenzo
di Piero
di Giovanni
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo


title: Lorenzo di Bicci

texts:
 to have occupied the left side of a multi-paneled altarpiece. The remaining panels are either lost or unidentified. The figures illustrated are the saints Francis of Assisi, who founded the Franciscan order in the early thirteenth century, and Anthony the Great, a Christian monk known as the Father of All Monks. The stigmata of St Francis are pin-pointed with tiny gold rays.Information concerning the next decade of <mask>'s life and work is scanty. From 1410 there is a record of him having been paid fourteen florins for a figure of St. Nicholas for the lunette of the portal of the Ospedale di San Matteo, Florence. This work is now at the Accademia di Belle Arti. Some historians believe <mask> oversaw the construction of the Palazzo Capponi alle Rovinate, a late-Gothic style palace located on Via de’ Bardi in Florence, Italy. This work appears to have been commissioned by Niccolò da Uzzano, an Italian politician in the government of Florence. <mask> was often commissioned by Uzzano, and these commissions included frescoes and a painting for the Church of Saint Lucia dè Magnoli. Giorgio Vasari’s biography of <mask> indicates that in 1418, <mask> painted a large fresco of St. Thomas examining a wound in the side of Christ.This fresco additionally included the other Apostles who were shown as surrounding Christ. Adjacent to this scene <mask> created a fresco of St. Christopher, and Vasari suggests that up until this point, no artist had successfully depicted a figure on such a large scale with accurate proportions. Other historians have attributed these works to <mask> <mask>, <mask>'s son. In any case, both works, impressive in scale, have managed to retain their color and definition for hundreds of years. Madonna and Child Paintings

<mask> is reported to have completed many Madonna and child paintings, however little is known about the composition dates of these paintings.

masks:
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Bicci
di Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo


title: Lorenzo di Bicci

texts: Between 1375 and 1380, <mask> is known to have painted a Madonna of Humility with Two Angels, which is extant and held privately. Until 1936, this panel was attributed to Jacopo <mask>.A very similar work known to have been completed by <mask> between 1405 and 1410 titled Madonna and Child with Angels is conserved in the Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco, lending further support to the current attribution of the Madonna of Humility. In style, <mask>'s is part of an established tradition. The best known is the Madonna dell'Umilita, painted by Guariento <mask>, which <mask>'s painting closely resembles. In both paintings, the Madonna is posed on a cushion, seated in a demure fashion suggestive of humility. The blue of her apparel is in the tradition of the Madonna and, in the case of <mask>'s painting, the clothing is notable for its simplicity, with the absence of any elaborate drapery that is sometimes depicted. Again, this style is suggestive of the humble nature of the seated figure. Some years later <mask> painted a Madonna and Child with St. John the Baptist, Catherine of Alexandria, Anthony Abbot, and St. Nicholas at the Virgin's feet.The work is executed in tempera and gold on a wood panel and its size is that of a typical anconetta, or small altarpiece. During the time of <mask>, this image would likely have been framed in a Gothic-style tabernacle as it would have served for private, rather than public, enjoyment. Neri <mask>, <mask>'s grandson painted a similar work. Neri's Virgin and Child Enthroned with Two Angels and St. Ansanus, John the Baptist, St. Nicholas, St. Sebastian, Catherine of Alexandria, and Bartholomew currently resides at the Philadelphia Museum of Art. It is believed that Neri drew inspiration from his grandfather <mask>. A number of other Madonnas are attributed to <mask>, one of which is located at the Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. The locations

masks:
Lorenzo
di Cione
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
di Arpo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
di Bicci
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo


title: Lorenzo di Bicci

texts:
 of the remaining paintings are unknown.Major Work
Perhaps <mask>'s best-known work is a devotional triptych painted in 1399 that now hangs in the Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea in Empoli. The Madonna is present in all three panels, although only in the center panel is she the dominant presence. The left wing depicts the Nativity and shows the Madonna kneeling in an attitude of prayer. A seated saint is in the foreground and the panel's upper section, which comes to a point, depicts a seated angel. The right panel displays the crucifixion and the Madonna is one of three figures beneath the crucifix. As in the left panel, she is clearly recognizable because of the consistency in the color of her garments and the simplicity of her figure. The pinnacle of the right panel showcases a seated female figure praying.In both side panels, Madonna's figure is on the same scale as the other figures, whereas in the center panel, she is not. The central figure is nearly identical to the Madonna of Humility with Two Angels, further suggesting that the earlier Madonna was indeed the work of <mask>. The Madonna in the center panel sits on a Gothic throne, adorned with a red and gold cloth. A Christ Child sits on her lap and grips her finger. Surrounding them are a group of six Saints, including both John the Evangelist and John the Baptist. <mask>'s artistic style is seen in the clean and simple compositional structure, the use of bright color, and the expressionless character of the figures' faces. Influences
<mask>'s style was influenced by <mask> Cione <mask>, who was an Italian painter, sculptor, and architect in Florence.<mask> served as one of his pupils and worked alongside Jacopo <mask>, Andrea's younger brother and an Italian Gothic period painter active in Florence. Death and legacy

It is now clear that many of the works that Vasari attributed to <mask> <mask> were in fact

masks:
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Andrea di
di Arcangelo
Lorenzo
di Cione
Lorenzo di
Bicci


title: Lorenzo di Bicci

texts:
 produced by his son, <mask> <mask>. Similarly, Joseph Archer Crowe and Giovanni Battista Cavalcasele, two highly respected Italian art critics, attributed several frescoes to <mask>, including those in the Santa Maria del Carmine, Florence, and those in San Francesco, Arezzo, that are now thought to be painted by <mask> <mask>. Some confusion between the works of father and son is understandable, considering that <mask> personally trained his son in his workshop, one of the largest and most active studios in Florence at that time. <mask> <mask> went on to become an influential painter and sculptor, much like his father, while <mask>'s grandson, Neri <mask>, inherited the workshop following the death of <mask> <mask> and <mask> <mask>. <mask> is believed to have died in 1427, although the exact date of death is unknown. <mask>'s workshop continued to flourish for over a century.Even now, art historians believe that many of his most significant works have yet to be identified. Surviving Art Works
 Madonna of Humility with Two Angels (c. 1375-1380), Private Collection
 St. Martin Enthroned (c. 1380), Depositi Galleria Arte, Florence
 St. Julian and St. Zanobius (c. 1380-1400), Academia Gallery, Venice
 St. Mark (c. 1398), Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Florence
 The Crucifixion (c. 1399), Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea, Empoli
 Triptych (c. 1399), Museo della Collegiata di Sant'Andrea, Empoli
 Madonna and Child (c. 1400), Walters Art Museum, Baltimore
 Crucifixion (c. 1400), Allentown Art Museum, Pennsylvania
 St. Francis and St. Anthony Abbot (c. 1400), Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, Bristol
 Madonna and Child with Angels (c. 1405-1410), Fine Arts Museum, San Francisco
 St. Nicholas (c. 1410), Accademia di Belle Arti, Florence

References

1350s births
1427 deaths
14th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
15th-century Italian painters
Gothic painters
Painters

masks:
Bicci
di Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Bicci
di Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Bicci
di Lorenzo
Lorenzo
di Bicci
Lorenzo di
Bicci
Bicci
di Lorenzo
Lorenzo
Lorenzo


title: Harriette Wilson

texts:
<mask> (2 February 1786 – 10 March 1845) was the author of The Memoirs of Harriette <mask>: Written by Herself (1825). <mask> was a famed British Regency courtesan who became the mistress of William, Lord Craven, at the age of 15. Later in her career, she went on to have formal relationship arrangements with Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, and other significant politicians. Early life
<mask>'s birth at 2 Carrington Street, in Shepherd Market, Mayfair, London, was recorded in the parish register of St George, Hanover Square. Her father kept a small shop with his wife, Amelia, née Cook. Her father is said to have assumed the surname of <mask> about 1801. One of the fifteen children of Swiss John James Dubouchet (or De Bouchet), <mask> was one of four sisters in the family who pursued careers as concubines.Her sisters Amy, Fanny and Sophia also became courtesans. In her memoir, <mask> claims that Amy sets a poor example for the others, introducing them to their licentious reputations and careers:

We were all virtuous girls when Amy, one fine afternoon, left her father's house and sallied forth, like Don Quixote, in quest of adventures. The first person who addressed her was one Mr. Trench; a certain short-sighted, pedantic man, whom most people know about town. I believe she told him that she was running away from her father. All I know for certain is that, when Fanny and I discovered her abode, we went to visit her, and when we asked her what on earth had induced her to throw herself away on an entire stranger whom she had never seen before, her answer was, "I refused him the whole of the first day; had I done so the second he would have been in a fever." As the sisters grew more

masks:
Harriette Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Harriette Dubouchet
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


title: Harriette Wilson

texts:
 sophisticated in their sexual and social prowess, Harriette began to observe how her eldest sister challenged her. Amy is "often surnamed one of the Furies," as <mask> writes.Amy bears the Duke of Argyle's child later in her life. The duke was one of Harriette's former lovers, demonstrating one example of Amy "stealing" her younger sister's clients. Fanny, in contrast, remains a close friend to <mask> and is described as agreeable. The youngest sister, Sophia, marries respectably into the aristocracy, becoming the bride of Lord Berwick at age 17. Career
<mask> began her career at the age of fifteen, becoming the mistress of William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven, 7th Baron Craven. Among her other lovers with whom she had financial arrangements was Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, who commented "publish, and be damned" when informed of her plans to write her memoirs. <mask> even attracted George IV's attention, who claimed he would "do anything to suppress what Harriette had to reveal of [his mistress] Lady Conyngham".<mask> makes a claim in her memoir about Frederick Lamb, 3rd Viscount Melbourne, assaulting her. She attributes his violent act toward her to the jealousy that she had become acquainted with the Duke of Argyle and a lover, a Lord Ponsonby. According to her account, Lamb attacked her because she refused him. For obvious reasons, most politicians with whom she had relationships paid high sums to keep their interactions with her private. Her decision to publish was partly based on the broken promises of her lovers to provide her with an income in her older age. The Memoirs of Harriette <mask>, Written By Herself, first published in 1825, is celebrated for the opening line: "I

masks: Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson


title: Harriette Wilson

texts:
 shall not say how and why I became, at the age of fifteen, the mistress of the Earl of Craven." It was reprinted by the Navarre Society in 1924, as was a follow-up title Paris Lions and London Tigers with an introduction by Heywood Hill in 1935, although how much of this latter title was the work of <mask> <mask> herself is debatable.Legacy
Despite modern speculations that <mask> was mistress to the Prince George, Prince of Wales, there is no evidence of such in her memoir. She records a time when, while still serving as a courtesan to Lord Craven, she writes a letter to the Prince of Wales: "I am told that I am very beautiful, so perhaps you would like to see me." She speculates that the response from the prince requesting her visit arrives via Colonel Thomas. Indignant that the prince would request she travel to meet him, she responds:

SIR,— To travel fifty-two miles this bad weather, merely to see a man, with only the given number of legs, arms, fingers, &c., would, you must admit, be madness in a girl like myself, surrounded by humble admirers who are ever ready to travel any distance for the honour of kissing the tip of her little finger; but, if you can prove to me that you are one bit better than any man who may be ready to attend my bidding, I'll e'en start for London directly. So, if you can do anything better in the way of pleasing a lady than ordinary men, write directly: if not, adieu, Monsieur le Prince. <mask>'s clients were politically associated with the Prince of Wales, but in her memoir she does not record meeting or bedding him. However, it is said that "<mask> reminds us that the long-term mistress of the Prince of Wales, having been promised £20,000 which never

masks: Harriette Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson


title: Harriette Wilson

texts:
 materialised, died a pauper."<mask> might not have met the man or bedded him, but she was aware that the Prince of Wales, like the many other politicians, did not ultimately financially support their courtesans—and her memoir represents this controversial failing of English officeholders. Fictional portrayal
 <mask> <mask> appears in the Jane Austen mystery novel, Jane and the Barque of Frailty, by Stephanie Barron. (<mask> and Jane Austen were contemporaries.) <mask> <mask>'s memoirs Publish and Be Damn'd: The Memoirs of <mask> <mask> was adapted for the BBC Radio 4 series Classic Serial by Ellen Dryden and broadcast in June 2012

References

Sources
<mask> (2003) The Courtesan's Revenge: The Life of <mask> <mask>, the Woman Who Blackmailed the King. London: Faber & Faber
Harriette <mask>'s Memoirs: The Greatest Courtesan of her Age; selected and edited with an introduction by Lesley Blanch. London: John Murray, 1957
Valerie Grosvenor Myer (with an introduction by Sue Limb): <mask> <mask>, Lady of Pleasure. Ely: Fern House, 1999
Kenyon-Jones, Christine.(2003, August 23). Poetic Licentiousness. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/aug/24/biography.features

External links

 The Memoirs of Harriette <mask>, Volumes One and Two by <mask> <mask> – Project Gutenberg
 The Memoirs Of Harriette <mask> Volume I – Internet Archive
 The Memoirs Of Harriette <mask> Written By Herself Volume Two – Internet Archive
 Short biography and picture
 Guardian biography review

1786 births
British memoirists
English courtesans
People from Mayfair
Women of the Regency era
1845 deaths
British women memoirists
People from Somers Town, London
19th-century English women writers
19th-century

masks:
Wilson
Harriette
Wilson
Harriette
Harriette
Wilson
Harriette
Wilson
Frances Wilson
Harriette
Wilson
Wilson
Harriette
Wilson
Wilson
Harriette
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


title: Charles Smith Hamilton

texts:
<mask> (November 16, 1822April 17, 1891) was a career United States Army officer who served with distinction during the Mexican–American War. He also served as a Union Army general during the early part of the American Civil War. After the war, he was appointed U.S. marshal for the Eastern District of Wisconsin by President Ulysses S. Grant, and served as president of the University of Wisconsin Board of Regents. Early life
<mask> was born in Westernville, New York, and was raised in western New York. He entered the United States Military Academy in 1839 and graduated in 1843, standing 26th out of 39 cadets; he was a classmate of Ulysses S. Grant, Christopher C. Augur, Joseph J. Reynolds, and several other men who would go on to become generals in the Army. First military service
Upon his graduation, he was assigned to the 2nd U.S. Infantry Regiment as brevet second lieutenant. He was officially promoted to second lieutenant on November 17, 1845, and was assigned to the 5th U.S. Infantry, serving in the Army of General Zachary Taylor in the early phases of the Mexican–American War.<mask> and his regiment took part in the Battle of Monterrey, and received complements from his superior officers in their report of the battle. He was then active in the Siege of Veracruz and the Battle of Cerro Gordo, and was promoted to first lieutenant on June 30, 1847. He distinguished himself again at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, and was given an honorary brevet to captain. But he was severely wounded at the Battle of Molino del Rey. He was shot through the shoulder and remained in the hospital six months recuperating. After recovering from his wound, <mask> was assigned to the recruiting service at Rochester, New York, for two years. He returned to battle in 1850, commanding companies in Texas and Mississippi in campaigns of the Comanche Wars.He resigned from the Army on April 30, 1853, and moved his family to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. There he settled a farm and established a linseed oil mill. Civil War

masks:
Charles Smith Hamilton
Charles Smith Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton


title: Charles Smith Hamilton

texts:
 service

At the outbreak of the American Civil War, few men in the state of Wisconsin had any formal military experience. A friend of Governor Alexander Randall showed him a record of Captain <mask>'s service in the Mexican War, and informed the governor that <mask> was residing at Fond du Lac. Governor Randall immediately summoned <mask> to Madison, Wisconsin, to assist in organizing Wisconsin's volunteer regiments. <mask> was eager to return to active service and accepted commission as colonel of the 3rd Wisconsin Infantry Regiment on May 11, 1861, just a month after the attack on Fort Sumter. <mask> drilled and equipped his regiment and set off to Harpers Ferry to report to Nathaniel P. Banks in July 1861.Immediately after arriving in the field, <mask> was promoted to brigadier general and placed in command of a brigade in Banks' division of the Army of the Potomac. In the Fall and Winter of 1861, <mask>'s brigade was engaged in securing the Union defensive line along the Potomac River in western Maryland and Northern Virginia. After the Union defeat at Ball's Bluff, <mask> was tasked to survey crossing points along the river. In March 1862, <mask>'s brigade was sent to engage in reconnaissance-in-force to Stonewall Jackson's camp at Winchester, Virginia. He successfully occupied the city on March 13, but found that Jackson and his corps had escaped the day before. That same day, General George B. McClellan ordered <mask> to take command of the 3rd division of III Corps for his planned Peninsula Campaign. He led this division during the Siege of Yorktown, but drew the ire of George B. McClellan for insubordination.Ignoring the fact that shelving <mask> would create powerful political enemies, McClellan relieved <mask> on April 30, 1862, without explanation. When Lincoln pointed out the impropriety of McClellan's action, McClellan claimed "You cannot do anything better calculated to injure my army ... than to restore Gen. <mask> to his division." Before the month-long siege preparations were complete,

masks: Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton


title: Charles Smith Hamilton

texts:
 <mask> was transferred to the Western Theater where he commanded the 3rd Division in the Army of the Mississippi at the battles of Iuka and Corinth. Following Corinth in October 1862, he was promoted to major general, effective from September 19, 1862. During his brief military service in the conflict, <mask> served in both the eastern and western theaters. He commanded divisions, "wings" and corps of the Army of the Potomac, the Army of the Mississippi, as well as in the Army of the Tennessee. During the months of January and February 1863 <mask> was in simultaneous command of the Dist.of West Tennessee, Dist. of Corinth, the Left Wing of XVI Corps, and XVI Corps. While in command at Corinth, he began intriguing for higher command against Generals Hurlbut and James B. McPherson, which drew Grant's ire. When Grant ordered him to Vicksburg to serve under General John Alexander McClernand, <mask> offered his resignation from the U.S. Army on April 13, 1863. Grant gladly accepted the resignation, forwarding several pages of documentation to Washington to support his case. Later years
After his army service <mask> became a U.S. marshal and a paper manufacturer. He died in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1891 and is buried there in Forest Home Cemetery.Personal life and family
the son of Zeyn Alasman and Sylvania (Putnam) <mask>

He married Sophia Jane Shepard on February 9, 1849, in Chicago, Illinois. See also

List of American Civil War generals (Union)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher. Civil War High Commands. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964. .
 Sears, Stephen W. The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan.. Da Capo Press, 1992. .

|-

1822 births
1891 deaths
People from Westernville, New York
Papermakers
People of Wisconsin in the American Civil War
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
Union Army generals
United States Military Academy

masks: Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton Hamilton


title: Christine Grahame

texts:
<mask> (formerly Creech; born 9 September 1944) is a Scottish politician who served as a Deputy Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament from 2016 to 2021. A member of the Scottish National Party (SNP), she has been a Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP) for the Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale constituency since 2011, having previously represented the South of Scotland region from 1999 to 2011. Born in Staffordshire, England, and raised in Edinburgh, Scotland, she attended the University of Edinburgh and Moray House College of Education. After graduating, Grahame worked as an English teacher in secondary schools. In 1984, she graduated from the Edinburgh University again, but this time with a Bachelor of Laws degree. After gaining Diploma in Legal Practice she worked as a solicitor. Grahame was the SNP's candidate for Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale in the 1992 UK General election, but failed to win the seat.In 1999, she ran for equivalent constituency in the new Scottish Parliament. Although she was unsuccessful, she was elected as an additional member of the South of Scotland region. Grahame ran for Depute Leader of the Scottish National Party in the 2004 leadership election, but was defeated by Nicola Sturgeon. In 2011, she was elected MSP for Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale. Following the 2016 election to the 5th Scottish Parliament, <mask> was elected Deputy Presiding Officer. She held the position alongside Linda Fabiani from 2016 until 2021. She has served on the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body since May 2021.Early life and education
<mask> was born on 9 September 1944 in Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire, England, to a Scottish father and English mother. Her maternal grandfather was Welsh. Grahame was brought up in Edinburgh, attending Boroughmuir High School. She attained a Scottish Master of Arts degree from the University of Edinburgh in 1965 and gained her Diploma of Education from Moray

masks:
Christine Grahame
Grahame
Christine Grahame


title: Christine Grahame

texts:
 House College of Education in 1966. After graduating, Grahame worked as a secondary teacher of English in a number of schools in Fife and Dumfries and Galloway. After a period as a housewife, she returned to Edinburgh University as a mature student where she earned a Bachelor of Laws degree in 1984 and a Diploma in Legal Practice in 1985, subsequently practising as a solicitor at a number of law firms until her election as an MSP in 1999. Political career

Grahame joined the Scottish National Party in 1970.Using her married name, <mask>, she was the SNP candidate at the 1992 General Election for Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale. In 1994 she stood for election to the European Parliament, again unsuccessfully. At the 1999 Scottish Parliament election she ran for the equivalent constituency. Member of the Scottish Parliament
Although she finished second, her position on the SNP regional list took her to Holyrood, after which she divorced and reverted to her maiden name. She contested Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale at the 2003 and 2007 elections, coming within 1,000 votes of victory on both occasions and being subsequently elected on the regional South of Scotland list. From 2001 to 2003, she was Convener of the Justice Committee. In 2004, <mask> ran as a candidate for deputy leadership of the SNP after deputy leader Roseanna Cunningham entered the contest to replace leader John Swinney.She was defeated by Nicola Sturgeon. After the election, she was reshuffled from chair of the Scottish Parliament's Health committee to Shadow Minister for Social Justice, generally seen by media commentators as an upwards shift. In June 2005, she was elected Honorary President of the Federation of Student Nationalists. In the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, <mask> won the redrawn seat of Midlothian South, Tweeddale and Lauderdale, defeating former Liberal Democrat finance spokesman Jeremy Purvis. Following her election, she was again selected as

masks:
Christine Creech
Grahame
Grahame


title: Christine Grahame

texts:
 Convener of the Justice Committee for the session. Deputy Presiding Officer
In the 2016 Scottish Parliament election, Grahame held the seat, increasing her share of the vote to 45.1%. Following the 2016 election, she was elected as Deputy Presiding Officer of the Scottish Parliament, serving alongside Linda Fabiani MSP.<mask> was also re-elected as Convener of the Cross Party Group on Animal Welfare. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she went into self isolation as someone over 70 years old and therefore at more risk of developing severe COVID-19 symptoms. In April 2020, Scottish Labour's Lewis Macdonald was elected as interim Deputy Presiding Officer in her absence. Return to backbenches
In the 2021 Scottish Parliament election <mask> was re-elected as an MSP. She has served on the Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body since May 2021. Causes
Since entering the Scottish Parliament in 1999 Grahame has picked up a number of causes, notably;

Borders Railway

For more information see: Borders Railway

One of Grahame's first actions as an MSP in 1999 was to set up a Cross Party Group to support the work of public petitions on the re-establishment of the Borders Railway which had been closed in 1969 during the controversial Beeching cuts. She continued to campaign for this for a number of years, with the line eventually opening between Edinburgh and Tweedbank in 2015.Grahame has named her continued support of this as one of her biggest achievements and said on its opening “As someone who has campaigned for the return of the Waverley Line since 1999, it was an absolute privilege to be have finally traveled the length of the journey by rail, and to appreciate our wonderful countryside from a new perspective. So far this project has been an overwhelming success... If my experience is anything to go by, this will undoubtedly bring many, many visitors to Midlothian and the Borders as well as encouraging people to stay and live in the area.”

Great

masks: Grahame Grahame


title: Christine Grahame

texts:
 Tapestry of Scotland

In late 2015 Grahame became involved in a public dispute with Scottish Borders Council over the siting of the Great Tapestry of Scotland in the constituency. Councillors had approved a £6m purpose built visitor centre at Tweedbank Railway Station, however Grahame contested that the business case was flawed and persuaded Scottish Government ministers to investigate this further before releasing the funding required to create it. Grahame favoured siting the tapestry in a disused building in Galashiels arguing that that option had more potential to regenerate the area and encourage tourists to access transport links from Galashiels to the wider region. In June 2016 one councillor resigned from the SNP over Grahame's intervention, claiming it represented a "lack of support" for SNP councillors and that he had not voted for her in the 2016 Scottish Parliament elections. However, <mask>'s position was eventually vindicated, with the council recommending Galashiels as the preferred site in December 2016 stating "Galashiels offers the greatest potential to provide a world class attraction which will make a significant contribution to the Borders economy.”

Lockerbie Bombing

Grahame has been outspoken in her view that the conviction of Abdelbaset al-Megrahi of the 1988 Lockerbie bombing is unsafe and represents a miscarriage of justice.In May 2009, Grahame visited Megrahi, in Greenock jail. After her visit, she told the press: "I found it quite upsetting. The man is obviously very ill and he is desperate to see his family – absolutely desperate to see his family – so, whatever it takes, that's the priority. He did tell me things I can't discuss with you. But I am absolutely more convinced than ever that there has been a miscarriage of justice." A month later, Grahame arranged a second meeting with the prisoner, Megrahi. A few days after the dropping of Megrahi's appeal against conviction and his release on compassionate


title: Christine Grahame

texts:
 grounds on 20 August 2009, Grahame wrote an op-ed article for The Independent saying she is convinced of his innocence: "He is not a saint, of course – he had a history with Libyan intelligence – but his hands are clean over Lockerbie."Grahame has lodged several questions and motions on this in the Scottish Parliament and continues to be involved with campaign groups on the matter. Republicanism

Grahame is a supporter of the political organisation Republic, a campaign to replace the British Monarchy with an elected head of state. In July 2009, Grahame snubbed Elizabeth II by checking her e-mails rather than attending the royal speech at Holyrood to mark the tenth anniversary of Scottish devolution. The move drew some criticism from commentators and fellow MSPs, however on the BBC Radio Good Morning Scotland programme, Grahame stated: "I'm earning and working for my constituents far more than if I sit hypocritically in the chamber watching a monarch for an institution I do not support." Personal life
Grahame has two sons and is a grandmother. She has stated previously she has a harmless neurological tremor, which is hereditary and can cause visible shaking. References

External links

<mask> MSP personal website

1944 births
Living people
People from Burton upon Trent
Politicians from Edinburgh
Scottish republicans
Anglo-Scots
Scottish solicitors
Scottish schoolteachers
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish National Party MSPs
Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2003–2007
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2007–2011
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2011–2016
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2016–2021
Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–2026
Deputy Presiding Officers of the Scottish Parliament
Female members of the Scottish Parliament
20th-century Scottish women politicians
Scottish people of English descent
Scottish people of Welsh descent
People educated at Boroughmuir


title: William Montague Cobb

texts:
<mask> (1904–1990) was a board-certified physician and a physical anthropologist. As the first African-American Ph.D in anthropology, and the only one until after the Korean War, his main focus in the anthropological discipline was studying the idea of race and its negative impact  on communities of color. His career both as a physician and a  professor at Howard University was dedicated to the advancement of African-American researchers and he was heavily involved in civil rights activism. <mask> wrote prolifically and contributed both popular and scholarly articles during the course of his career. His work has been noted as a significant contribution to the development of the sub-discipline of biocultural anthropology during the first half of the 20th century. <mask> was also an accomplished educator and taught over 5000 students in the social and health sciences during his lifetime. Early and personal life
<mask> was born on October 12, 1904, in Washington DC.His mother, Alexizne <mask> <mask>, grew up in Massachusetts and is partly of Native American descent. His father, <mask> <mask>, grew up in Selma, Alabama. His parents met in Washington DC when his father started his own printing business for the Black community. The tipping point for <mask>'s initial interest in anthropology came from a book of the animal kingdom that his grandfather owned. In this book, there were illustrations of human beings separated by race, but were illustrated with what <mask> called "equal dignity." This led to an interest in the concept of race, as the same type of "equal dignity" was not granted in the society that surrounded <mask>'s life. <mask> attended Dunbar High School, a highly esteemed Washington, DC.African-American high school in 1917. He was a successful student and athlete, and went on to win championships in cross-country as well as lightweight and welterweight boxing during his high school and collegiate years. He married Hilda B. Smith, Ruth Smith Lloyd's sister, and they had two children. <mask> died of pneumonia on November 20, 1990, at the age of 86.

masks:
William Montague Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Montague
Cobb
William Elmer
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb
Cobb


title: William Montague Cobb

texts:
 Education
Following his graduation from Dunbar High School in 1921, <mask> earned his Bachelor of Arts from Amherst College in 1925. Following completion of his baccalaureate degree, he received a Blodgett Scholarship for proficiency in biology which allowed him to pursue research in embryology at Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratory. He earned his MD (Doctor of Medicine) in 1929 from the Howard University Medical School.He worked jobs throughout his time in medical school. <mask> then accepted a position at Howard University which he was offered prior to his graduation. Numa P. G. Adams, who was the Dean of Howard University at the time, was assigned the task of organizing a new faculty of African-American physicians to help advance the school in the medical field. <mask>, in turn had the aspirations of creating a laboratory of anatomy and physical anthropology at Howard University that would have the resources for African-American scholars to contribute to debates in racial biology. As a part of Dean Adams' efforts, <mask> was sent to study under biological anthropologist T. Wingate Todd at Case Western Reserve University. <mask>'s dissertation work was an expansive survey of the Hamann-Todd Skeletal Collection, a large skeletal population now housed at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History which is associated with Case Western Reserve University. He earned his Ph.D in Anthropology in 1932 and his dissertation was published under the title Human Archives the following year.Career
Following the conferral of his doctorate, <mask> remained at Case Western Reserve University as a fellow, where he continued work on the Hamman-Todd Collection with a focus on cranial suture closure. His 1940 publication "Cranio-Facial Union in Man" produced as a result of this work established his expertise as a functional anatomist and is one of his most widely cited works to date. During this period, <mask> also worked with physical anthropologist Aleš Hrdlička on a survey of the skeletal collection at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. He returned to the

masks: Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb


title: William Montague Cobb

texts: Howard University Medical School in 1930 where he taught for the majority of his career and established the W. Montague Cobb Skeletal Collection. He became the university's first distinguished professor in 1969 and became professor emeritus in 1973. In addition to his work at Howard, <mask> also taught at Stanford University, the University of Arkansas at Little Rock, the University of Washington, the University of Maryland, West Virginia University, Harvard Medical School, the Medical College of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, and the Catholic University of America during his lifetime. <mask> was heavily involved with a number of anthropological and medical organizations during his career.He was an active member of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists since its second meeting in 1930 and served on its board on multiple occasions, both as its vice president (1948–50 and 1954–56) and president (1957–59). He also held leadership roles with the Anthropological Society of Washington, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Eugenics Society, and the Medico-Chirurgical Society of the District of Columbia. He also served as chairman on the Council of Medical Education and Hospitals for two terms (1948–63). Throughout his lifetime <mask> pursued work aimed at furthering the opportunities of African Americans both within society in general and within the health sciences. He was an active member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and served as its president from 1976 to 1982. He created the Imhotep Conferences on Hospital Integration in 1957 as a part of the NAACP, an annual conference seeking to end hospital and medical school segregation that continued until 1964. He was an active member of the National Medical Association, an organization dedicated to the advancement of African-American physicians and other health professionals.He was a longtime contributor to its journal, the Journal of the National Medical Association, of which he served as editor from 1944 to his death in 1990. He

masks: Cobb Cobb Cobb


title: William Montague Cobb

texts:
 also served as the organization's president from 1964 to 1965. In addition to his involvement in both African-American and European American-led professional organizations and journals, <mask> was active in community outreach through work on race and health published in popular African-American magazines such as Negro Digest, Pittsburgh Courier, and Ebony. Scholarship
Throughout his career, <mask> applied his technical expertise in functional anatomy and medicine to a variety of topics, including the issues of African-American health, child development, and disproving scientific justifications for racism. His approach has been characterized as a form of applied anthropology and activist scholarship. His work explicitly critiqued hierarchical understandings of human variation, and he often subverted racist evolutionary arguments through highlighting the resiliency of African Americans. He took as an example the experience of the Transatlantic slave trade which he argued acted as a selective pressure and would have led to a genetically stronger population relative to European  Americans who did not experience this population bottleneck.<mask> often used his expertise in anatomy and biology in order to combat racist explanations for perceived differences between African Americans and European Americans. One of the most widely cited studies in this effort was <mask>'s "Race and Runners," published in 1936. In this work, <mask> took the case of Jesse Owens to dispel the idea that his success as a quadruple gold medal winner could be explained by his " African-American genes," an argument that stemmed from the idea that Black people were stronger and more athletic than whites at the cost of decreased intelligence. Proponents of this idea often pointed to the supposed existence of extra musculature or differences in nerve thicknesses that allowed African-American athletes to excel relative to European Americans. <mask> addressed this question by surveying the anatomical characteristics of Owens as well as other prominent African Americans in different sports.

masks: Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb


title: William Montague Cobb

texts: <mask> demonstrated that not only could their successes not be explained by a shared racial trait, the physiology that would make a superior athlete in one sport would be very different from another. Instead, <mask> accounted for the achievements of African-American athletes relative to European Americans in sports as due to "training and incentive" rather than any "special physical endowment".During the latter years of his career, <mask> took a more philosophical approach to his anatomical perspective of humanity. He often used biological metaphors to point to key issues within society. <mask>'s most prominent philosophical contribution was arguably his 1975 publication, "An anatomist's view of human relations. Homo sanguinis versus Homo sapiens--mankind's present dilemma". This work focused primarily on the fundamental conflict in human nature he described as being between the civilized people suggested by our binomial designation Homo sapiens ("Man the Wise") and the much older and violent organism he described via his coined term Homo sanguinus ("Man the bloody"). <mask> described the recent "adaptations" of civilization and ethics as similar to recently evolved anatomical traits like bipedalism, a key human trait which has nonetheless resulted in a host of health conditions due to our lineage's adaptations for quadrupedal locomotion. <mask> argued that man the wise is up against the ancient evolutionary tradition of man as a "bloody, predatory primate" and that this history of violence and hatred will thus be difficult to overcome.<mask>'s final presented publication in 1988, "Human Variation: Informing the Public," applied his Homo sanguinus more closely to the rapid cultural change of the late 20th century. <mask> saw this period of rapid development as both a key opportunity for continued progress against racism and other forms of inequality and a potential for such issues to become more firmly embedded within the system of the society: "Just as an embryological defect cannot be corrected, so our mammoth construction programs can be wrong, which

masks: Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb


title: William Montague Cobb

texts:
 is not obvious until it is too late." Legacy
<mask> distinguished himself by representing the pursuit of social responsibility in the field of anthropology, as well as by being an activist scholar who often applied anthropological methods to issues of racism and inequality. He undertook studies within the scope of his expertise in anatomy that aimed at disproving racist explanations for social difference. He believed that scholars must take responsibility "not only for their own thoughts and actions but also for their own society" because the values that are expressed in scientific work, whether subtly or overtly, are key in the shaping of culture and society. He was one of the first anthropologist to undertake a demographic analysis that illustrated the consequences of segregation and racism on the African-American population, and he wanted to create the resources so he would not be the last. One of <mask>'s greatest contributions to this end is the expansive skeletal collection he curated during his time at Howard University which is now housed at the university's W. Montague Cobb Research Laboratory, a research laboratory led by biological anthropologist Fatimah Jackson that also houses the New York African Burial Ground collection.<mask> was long involved in African descendants' struggle for freedom, justice, and equality. He assumed a number of roles in African-American-led organizations, including the National Urban League and the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, and he was a longtime editor of the first African-American medical journal, the Journal of the National Medical Association. He was a member of the board of directors for the NAACP from 1949 until his death and president from 1976 to 1982. <mask> played a key role in efforts to expand access to medical care through his active leadership in the National Medical Association, and this activism led to his testimony to congress during the hearings leading up to the passage of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. He was present at the signing of this bill into law by invitation of

masks: Cobb Cobb Cobb Cobb


title: William Montague Cobb

texts:
 President Lyndon B. Johnson. During his lifetime, <mask> was honored by more than 100 organizations for his efforts as a scholar and as an activist, including the American Association for Anatomy's highest award, the Henry Gray Award, which he received for his outstanding contributions in the field in 1980. He was also the recipient of the U.S. Navy's Distinguished Public Service Award and received honorary doctorates from several institutions, including the Medical College of Wisconsin, Georgetown University, the University of the Witwatersrand, Morgan State University, Howard University, and Amherst College.The American Association for Anatomy named the W.M<mask> Award in Morphological Sciences after <mask> to honor his legacy with its first recipient in 2020. Selected publications

 "Human Archives" – 1932. "Race and Runners" –1936. "Cranio Facial Union of Man" – 1940. "The Cranio-Facial Union and the Maxillary Tuber in Mammals" – 1943. "Medical Care and the Plight of the Negro in Medicine" – 1947."An anatomist's view of human relations. Homo sanguinis versus Homo sapiens--mankind's present dilemma" – 1975. "Human Rights—A New Fight in Cultural Evolution" – 1978. "The Black American in Medicine" – 1981. "Human Variation: Informing the Public" – 1988. In addition those listed above, <mask> had more than 1100 publications on various topics. References

Further reading
Harrison, Ira E., and Faye V. Harrison, eds.African-American Pioneers in Anthropology. New York: University of Illinois P, 1998. Redman, Samuel J. Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. 2016. External links
 http://www.thecobbinstitute.org/
 https://www.cobbresearchlab.com/

1906 births
1990 deaths
African-American academics
American anthropologists
African-American archaeologists
Amherst College alumni
Howard University College of Medicine alumni
NAACP activists
Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
20th-century American archaeologists
20th-century anthropologists
Historians from Maryland
20th-century

masks:
Cobb
. Cobb
Cobb
Cobb


title: Robert B. Anderson

texts:
<mask> (June 4, 1910  August 14, 1989) was an American administrator, politician, and businessman. He served as the Secretary of the Navy between February 1953 and March 1954. He also served as the Secretary of the Treasury from 1957 until 1961, and was one of President Dwight Eisenhower's closest confidants. Two years before his death from cancer, he was disbarred for illegal banking operations and tax evasion. In the 1980s, <mask> illegally operated an Anguilla-based bank. The bank was involved in money laundering for drug traffickers. <mask> pleaded guilty to criminal violations of the banking laws, and was sentenced to prison.Early life
<mask> was born in Burleson, Texas on June 4, 1910, to <mask> <mask> and his wife Elizabeth Haskew "Lizzy" <mask>. He was a high school teacher prior to entering the University of Texas Law School, from which he graduated in 1932. He thereafter engaged in political, governmental, law and business activities in the state of Texas. State government service

Upon leaving the University of Texas School of Law in 1932, <mask> soon became an Assistant Attorney General for the State of Texas where he worked in 1933–1934. By 1934, he moved onward to become a State of Texas Tax Commissioner. By 1939–1940, <mask> pursued opportunities within the private sector; he and two other partners purchased the City of Austin-based KTBC radio station from the Texas Broadcasting Company. In 1943, not able to increase KTBC's broadcasting power from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), the three partners sold KTBC to <mask> Johnson, wife of then-Representative and future President Lyndon B. Johnson.Marriage and children
<mask> married Ollie Mae Rawlins on April 10, 1935. The couple had two sons, Gerald Lee and James Richard. The <mask> family later moved to Cleburne, Texas. Ollie <mask> died in Greenwich, Connecticut of Alzheimer disease on May 31, 1987. Federal government service
According to the Seagraves, <mask> was with Douglas MacArthur and Edward Lansdale inspecting the Philippine caves containing Yamashita's gold immediately after World War II ended. During his

masks:
Robert Bernard Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Robert Lee
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Lady Bird
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


title: Robert B. Anderson

texts: time as Navy Secretary, he ended the last formal vestiges of racial segregation in the Navy and advocated the force levels and technological advances necessary to maintain a flexible defense strategy. In May 1954, <mask> left his Navy post to become Deputy Secretary of Defense.He received the Medal of Freedom in 1955. From 1957 to 1961, he served as Eisenhower's Secretary of the Treasury. Eisenhower was particularly impressed by <mask>'s abilities, believing him to be more than capable of being president himself, and named him as one of his leading choices to be his running mate in 1956 if Vice-President Richard Nixon had accepted Eisenhower's recommendation to leave the vice-presidency to serve as Secretary of Defense. However, Nixon opted to remain on the ticket with Ike. As 1960 approached, although Eisenhower acknowledged that Nixon certainly had the Republican presidential nomination sewn up, Eisenhower privately pressed <mask> to enter the primaries and to challenge Nixon, but <mask> declined. Once Nixon was nominated, Eisenhower suggested that he select <mask> as his running mate, but Nixon chose Henry Cabot Lodge Jr. instead. Eisenhower said <mask> "is just about the ablest man that I know, He would make a splendid President."In 1959, as Secretary of the Treasury, <mask> supported the creation of the International Development Association, after pressure from then-Senator Mike Monroney (D-Oklahoma). <mask> was close to Sid Richardson and Clint Murchison who was very close to FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover. Many Texas oilmen including Murchison, formerly a close associate of Lyndon B. Johnson, ended their relationships with Johnson when Johnson became vice president on John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential ticket because Kennedy advocated tax reform on oil companies and their investments. In 1963, President Kennedy appointed <mask> to a special committee to study the United States foreign aid program. In 1964 following Panamanian riots, President Johnson appointed him as special ambassador to Panama where he conducted negotiations for a new treaty on the status of the Panama Canal. At the

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Robert B. Anderson

texts:
 same time, <mask> served as chairman of a Congressional study commission to determine if building a sea level canal through Panama was possible. He succeeded in negotiating a preliminary treaty to transfer the Canal to the control of Panama, but, before the treaty was ratified by the legislature of Panama, General Omar Torrijos overthrew the Panamanian government in October 1968 and rejected the proposed treaty.In June 1973, he resigned his ambassador post, unable to secure agreement on another preliminary treaty proposal and was replaced by Ellsworth <mask> who agreed to Panamanian demands to a rapid transition to control by Panama and the subsequent <mask>er negotiated treaty was ratified in 1978 for transfer of the Panama Canal from United States jurisdiction to Panama jurisdiction and control. During the 1960s, he carried out diplomatic missions on behalf of President Lyndon B. Johnson, including many trips to Cairo to confer with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in the wake of the 1967 Six-Day War. Private business and death
After leaving office in 1961, <mask> moved to New York City and was active in business, investment, banking affairs, oil, and real estate. <mask> owned the Anderson group, headquartered at One Rockefeller Plaza in New York City, where he had business interests in a number of international projects. He established the Robert Anderson & Company Limited in Hong Kong on August 19, 1961, and operated it as a private company limited by shares until December 29, 1972, when it was dissolved. He was unsuccessful in establishing a free port in Malta. <mask> was a director on the Hong Kong Resort Company board.He had a casino investment with Edward Wong Wing-cheung, who founded HKR in May 1973. He was a lobbyist for the Rev. Sun Myung Moon's Unification Church during the 1980s. <mask>'s career ended in personal suffering. He was hospitalized several times for alcoholism. From 1983 to 1985, he and his partner David B. Gould illegally operated the Commercial Exchange Bank and Trust of Anguilla, British West Indies, which had an unlicensed New York branch office. The bank

masks: Anderson Bunker Bunk Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Robert B. Anderson

texts:
 lost $4.4 million and several investors lost their life savings in the mid 1980s, including record producer Ethel Gabriel.The bank also laundered large amounts of cash for drug traffickers. In 1987, <mask>, who was charged by Rudolph Giuliani as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, pleaded guilty to criminal violations of the banking laws and to tax evasion, and was sentenced to prison. The Supreme Court of New York Appellate Division, in disbarring <mask> from the practice of law, called his disbarment "a sad but we think necessary end to the legal career of one who has in times less beclouded by poor and corrupt judgment served his country in high office as Secretary of Treasury, Deputy Secretary of the Navy and as Special Ambassador to Panama during the Panama Canal negotiations." <mask> died of throat cancer following his cancer surgery in New York City on August 14, 1989. He was buried in Rose Hill Cemetery in Cleburne, Texas. The <mask><mask> Papers 1933-89 were deposited at the Eisenhower Library at Abilene, Kansas, between 1992 and 1996 with more in July 2001 and gifted to the Eisenhower Library on December 26, 2001, by <mask>, son of <mask>. See also
 M-Fund

Notes

References

External links

 Papers of <mask>. <mask>, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library

1910 births
1989 deaths
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American criminals
People from Burleson, Texas
American people convicted of tax crimes
Disbarred American lawyers
Businesspeople from New York City
Recipients of the Medal of Freedom
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Members of the Texas House of Representatives
United States Secretaries of the Treasury
United States Secretaries of the Navy
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Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Offshore finance
Eisenhower administration cabinet members
American United Methodists
Lawyers from New York City
Politicians from New York City
Texas lawyers
University of Texas School of Law alumni
Southwestern University alumni
Weatherford College alumni
American money launderers
Texas politicians convicted of

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Robert B
. Anderson
Gerald Anderson
Robert Anderson
Robert B
Anderson


title: Kim Thompson

texts:
<mask> (September 25, 1956 – June 19, 2013) was an American comic book editor, translator, and publisher, best known as vice president and co-publisher of Seattle-based Fantagraphics Books. Along with co-publisher Gary Groth, <mask> used his position to further the cause of alternative comics in the American market. In addition, <mask> made it his business to bring the work of European cartoonists to American readers. Early life
<mask> was born in Denmark in 1956. Child of a government contractor father, <mask> spent much of his youth in Europe, living in West Germany and the Netherlands. His mother is Danish, and <mask> grew up speaking the language, a skill which aided his later career as a translator of European comic books. (He was also fluent in French.)<mask> developed an interest in comics early in life, some of his favorites being the works of André Franquin, Maurice Tillieux, and Jacques Tardi. As a young man, <mask> was a frequent contributor to American superhero comic book letter columns, with letters published in (among others) Amazing Spider-Man, Captain America, Conan the Barbarian, Incredible Hulk, Iron Man, Marvel Spotlight, and Marvel-Two-in-One. Early writing work by <mask> was published in the comics fanzine Omniverse in 1979.

masks:
Kim Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Kim Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson


title: Kim Thompson

texts:
 Career

Fantagraphics
<mask> moved to the United States in 1977, and soon met Groth through a mutual friend. He joined Fantagraphics' staff in that year, and soon became a co-owner with Groth. In 1978, <mask> saved Fantagraphics from bankruptcy by pouring his inheritance into the company's financial coffers. <mask> was a regular contributor to the industry magazine The Comics Journal (which is published by Fantagraphics) since 1977.Although soft-spoken in person, as a writer <mask> did not shy from controversy. Even though he personally reviewed Dave Sim's long-running self-published comic Cerebus in early issues of The Comics Journal, <mask> (along with Groth) later took Sim to task in its pages for Sim's controversial statements about feminism and self-publishing. <mask> was also a regular contributor to the (now defunct) Fantagraphics-published magazine Amazing Heroes, writing for that journal from 1981 to 1987. Since Fantagraphics began publishing comics in 1982, <mask> edited many of the company's most popular titles, including Peter Bagge's Hate, Chris Ware's Acme Novelty Library, Joe Sacco's Palestine, Stan Sakai's Usagi Yojimbo, Linda Medley's Castle Waiting, and anthologies like Critters and Zero Zero. <mask>'s last major Fantagraphics release was a

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


title: Kim Thompson

texts:
 remastered and expanded new edition of Guy Peellaert's landmark graphic novel The Adventures of Jodelle (1966) for which <mask> also provided a new translation from the French. Translator
A long-time champion of European comics, <mask> translated the work of a number of international cartoonists published by Fantagraphics, as well as material used in The Comics Journal. He was also the regular translator of the Ignatz Series co-published by Fantagraphics.<mask> described his translation work for Fantagraphics this way:

Illness and death
On March 6, 2013, <mask> announced he had lung cancer and was taking a leave of absence from Fantagraphics to pursue treatment. He died on June 19, 2013 at his home, at the age of 56, survived by his wife, Lynn Emmert, as well as his mother, father, and brother. Awards
<mask> was given an Inkpot Award in 2001. He was a 1996 Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards nominee for Best Editor for The Acme Novelty Library, Palestine, and Zero Zero. In early October 2021, <mask> was awarded the inaugural Tom Spurgeon Award at the Cartoon Crossroads Columbus’ (CXC) seventh festival. Fellow awardees included Chicago Tribune-New York Daily News syndicate vice-president and director Mollie Slott and All-Negro Comics founder and publisher Orrin

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Kim


title: Kim Thompson

texts:
 2012. Ralph Azham.Volume 1. Fantagraphics ; Turnaround [distributor], Seattle, Wash.; London. Trondheim, L., 1998. The Hoodoodad. Fantagraphics, Seattle, WA. Trondheim, L., 1997. Harum scarum.Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Vehlmann, F., Jason, Hubert, 2011. Isle of 100,000 graves. Fantagraphics Books, Seattle, WA. Notes

References

 Interview, David Anthony Kraft's Comics Interview #14 (1984), (16 p.)

External links

 Thompson's Fantagraphics blog
 "The Infinite <mask>," A photo comic written by and starring <mask>
 Inkstuds: One-hour podcast interview with Gary Groth and <mask>
 Spurgeon, Tom. "A Short Interview with <mask> and Gary Groth", Comics Reporter, (December 31, 1999)
 Netzer, Michael. "Thinking of <mask>," If Life was a Comic Book blog (May 8, 2013)

American magazine editors
Fantagraphics
American magazine publishers (people)
Writers from Seattle
1956 births
2013 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)
20th-century American

masks:
Kim Thompson
Kim Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Kim Thompson


title: Gloria Diaz

texts:
{{Infobox pageant titleholder
| name = <mask>
| image = <mask> Miss Universe 2016.jpg
| caption = <mask> in 2017
| birth_name = <mask>
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Manila, Philippines
| years_active = 1969–present
| height  = 5 ft 5 in
| eye_color= Brown
| hair_color= Dark brown
| occupation = Actress, model
| title =
Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1969Miss Universe 1969| competitions =
Binibining Pilipinas 1969(Winner – Binibining Pilipinas Universe 1969)Miss Universe 1969(Winner)(10 Best in Swimsuit)
|children=3|domestic_partner=Mike de Jesus|spouse=}}<mask> (born March 10, 1951), professionally known as <mask>', is a Filipino actress of film and television, model and beauty queen who rose to fame after being crowned Miss Universe 1969, becoming the first Filipino to hold the Miss Universe title. Early life and family
Often cited as being part of the Díaz clan, she is one of twelve children (ten girls and two boys). Her sister, Rio Díaz, was also an actress and beauty titlist. Pageantry

While studying in college, Díaz was scouted by a pageant aficionado and was convinced to join the sixth edition of Binibining Pilipinas. Her looks and, more importantly, her wit captivated the audience and she was crowned Binibining Pilipinas-Universe 1969 at 18 years old. Díaz was then sent to Miami Beach, Florida, U.S. to compete in Miss Universe 1969. Arriving at the pageant as an early favorite, Díaz did not disappoint and sailed throughout all the pageant's events that led up to the finals at the Miami Beach Auditorium.Making it to the Top 5, she participated in the final question round and her answer to the question regarding "men in the moon" charmed the

masks:
Gloria Diaz
Gloria Diaz
Diaz
Gloria Maria Aspillera Diaz
Gloria Maria Aspillera Diaz
Gloria Diaz


title: Gloria Diaz

texts:
 suppress her distraught as she tries to keep her family together, Díaz was once again nominated and eventually awarded as FAMAS Best Supporting Actress.In 2009, she once again won a FAMAS Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in the highly acclaimed film Sagrada Familia. In 2010, she starred in two GMA projects, Beauty Queen and Diva. She returned to GMA for Mistaken Identity after a brief stint in 100 Days to Heaven. In 2011, she played a supporting stint in her first TV5 project, Glamorosa, as Dra. Claudia Montesilva-Herrera. Recent works
From 2012 to 2018, Díaz has appeared in several ABS-CBN television dramas including Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo, May Isang Pangarap, Mirabella, Dream Dad and roles in MMK and an appearance in Ipaglaban Mo. She returned to GMA again in 2018 to play an evil mother role on Pamilya Roces.She also participated in the blockbuster comedy films Sisterakas and Kung Fu Divas. In 2019, Díaz returned to ABS-CBN and was recently cast in the afternoon drama series Los Bastardos where she portrayed the role of Soledad Cardinal, the long-lost wife of Don Roman Cardinal (Ronaldo Valdez). She also appeared as a fictional version of herself in the second season of the Netflix series Insatiable with Dallas Roberts and Debby Ryan. In 2020, Díaz returned to TV5. Personal life
Díaz obtained her high school diploma from the basic education department of St. Scholastica's College Manila. She is separated from businessman Gabriel "Bong" Daza III, with whom she has two daughters, Isabelle and Ava, and one son, Raphael. In 2010, the Cebu chapter of the Vice Mayors League declared <mask> persona non


title: Vern Partlow

texts:
<mask> (May 25, 1910 – March 1, 1987) was an American newspaper reporter and folk singer who was blacklisted during the McCarthy era. He composed the popular satirical song "Old Man Atom," which was famously banned during the period. It is considered one of the first anti-nuclear songs of the post-war era. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> in Bloomington, Illinois, a son of <mask> and <mask>. His father <mask> (1874-1959) was born in Chester, Meigs County, Ohio, son of <mask> (1848-1926), a farmer who family tradition states was a local preacher and with his older brother <mask> was captured briefly by Colonel Morgan's troops as they retreated through the <mask> family farm in 1863. The Partlows first came to Ohio in 1809 (listed in history of Meigs County, Ohio books as the second settler of Pomeroy) when <mask> (1786-1866) and his wife <mask> (1788-1862) settled as farmers. These were the great-great-grandparents of <mask> and their eldest son <mask> (1812-1886) was the great-grandfather of <mask>.After the death of his first wife Abner <mask> settled in Illinois around 1905 and married Florence Alva Hoover and had two sons, <mask> and <mask> <mask>. <mask> worked in early radio and wire services in Wisconsin and Chicago. He began working for Manchester Boddy's Los Angeles Daily News (which is unrelated to the current newspaper of the same name) in the 1930s. He worked as a crime reporter as well as a writer of feature stories. <mask> was also active in the trade union movement early in his life, even though he was also actively working as a newspaper journalist. In the mid-1940s, <mask> was host of a Los Angeles-based radio program about union issues which aired on a Congress of Industrial Organizations-owned radio station. <mask> was an avid musician.The

masks:
Vern Partlow
Vern Partlow
Verneil Hoover Partlow
Abner Moses Partlow
Florence Hoover Partlow
Abner Moses Partlow
Moses Ackley Partlow
Joseph Partlow
Partlow
Amos Partlow
Sarah Bailey Partlow
Vern Partlow
John Partlow
Partlow
Moses Partlow
Eugene Partlow
Verniel
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow
Partlow


title: Vern Partlow

texts:
 first of his songs to become widely known was the satirical "Newspapermen Meet Such Interesting People," composed in 1947. The song describes some of the murderers, thieves, and other disreputable people which a newspaper reporter meets, and lumps newspaper publishers in with them. The song, which includes a plea for reporters to join The Newspaper Guild (a labor union which represents reporters, among others), includes the stanza:
Oh, publishers are such interesting people;
Their policy's an acrobatic thing. They shout they represent the common people. It's funny Wall Street never has complained. But publishers have worries, for publishers must go
To working folks for readers, and big shots for their dough;
Oh, publishers are such interesting people;
It could be press-titution, I don't know. Around the time <mask> composed this song, he became a member of People's Songs.The group had been formed late in the evening on December 31, 1945, after folk singers Pete Seeger and Lee Hays convened a group of more than two dozen musicians in Seeger's Greenwich Village apartment in New York City. The goal of the organization was to create a radical left-wing movement of musicians. <mask> became part of People's Songs in late 1945, after several branches of the group were formed in California. For many years thereafter, <mask> remained at the core of left-wing musical culture on the West Coast. He was also active politically. He was a public relations consultant to the California Attorney General races of Edmund G. "Pat" Brown in 1946 and 1950. "Old Man Atom"
After the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, many people feared what might happen if a general nuclear war broke out, and a number of protest songs were written in protest of this

masks: Partlow Partlow Partlow


title: Vern Partlow

texts: new danger.<mask> had interviewed nuclear weapons scientists for the Los Angeles Daily News in the early fall of 1945. They had told him what the effects of a nuclear war might be like, which deeply alarmed <mask>. Before the end of the year, he had written a talking blues song titled "Old Man Atom." The song treats its subject in comic-serious fashion, with a combination of black comedy puns (such as "We hold these truths to be self-evident/All men may be cremated equal" or "I don't mean the Adam that Mother Eve mated/I mean that thing that science liberated") on serious choices to be made in the nuclear age ("The people of the world must pick out a thesis/Peace in the world, or the world in pieces"). The song quickly gained attention among folk musicians. Pete Seeger first heard the song while traveling in California in the late summer or early fall of 1946. The song's music and lyrics were published in People's Songs (the newsletter for the People's Songs organization) in January 1947 under the title "Atomic Talking Blues."Irving Bibo Music held the copyright. Seeger recorded the song under the title "Talking Atom" in 1948. Sam Hinton made a recording for the small California record label ABC Eagle in early 1950 (which later sold its rights to this recording to Columbia Records), and the Sons of the Pioneers made one for RCA Victor in the spring or summer of 1950. Lyrics referring to the United Nations and non-English-speaking countries building their own nuclear arsenals were changed in the Sons of the Pioneers recording, and replaced with blander lyrics about people coming together to end the threat of nuclear war. Fred Hellerman made a recording for the Jubilee label, and Ozzie Waters recorded one for Coral (a Decca subsidiary label). Even Bing Crosby

masks: Partlow Partlow


title: Vern Partlow

texts: was rehearsing a version to be released by Decca Records. The song began catching on with the public.Popular New York City disc jockey Martin Block played it extensively on his show, "Make-Believe Ballroom," and the song quickly began receiving significant airplay nationwide. Cash Box declared it the "Sleeper of the Week" (for its enduring longevity on the charts) in July 1950. Billboard declared it a "hit" in early August. By September 1950 it was a recognized hit record throughout the music industry. Billboard, Variety, and Cash Box all positively reviewed the song. But "Old Man Atom" also was generating controversy. Protests were held to denounce what critics felt were communistic ideas in the lyrics.The New York City-based Joint Committee Against Communism, which had recently and successfully campaigned to have the actress Jean Muir kicked off the television program The Aldrich Family for allegedly having communist sympathies, began a grassroots effort against the song. This campaign had an immediate effect. Some radio stations banned the song, and Columbia Records and RCA Victor both withdrew copies of the song from sale at the end of August 1950. The widely syndicated anti-communist newspaper columnist Victor Riesel condemned the song. <mask> received some support, however. Life magazine denounced the withdrawal of the song from store shelves: "...we don't like the private censorship that has resulted in the withdrawal, by RCA Victor and Columbia Records, Inc., of a 'talking blues number' called Old Man Atom, presumably on receipt of complaints that it 'parrots' the current Communist line on peace." The New York Times editorialized that "A new high in absurdity has been reached by two large record manufacturers who have recently withdrawn from


title: Vern Partlow

texts:
 distribution a five-year-old song about the atomic bomb because of some protests that it coincided with current Communist 'peace' agitation....this new form of censorship by self-appointed groups is a threat to freedom. ... If the song that caused all the furor, 'Old Man Atom,' is propaganda at all, it is by rights American, not Russian, propaganda." Nonetheless, the song disappeared from both the airwaves and store shelves. The ban, however, appeared to be short-lived. According to musician Ozzie Waters, the song returned to radio airplay a month later. But the song's popularity had ended, and sales never recovered.Nearly a decade after the controversy, music critic Robert Shelton called the song full of "savage humor". Later life and death
The controversy over "Old Man Atom" eventually led to <mask>'s dismissal from his job. The song's notoriety led federal agents to investigate him for his left-wing political views. In October 1952, <mask> was named a member of the Communist Party by witnesses testifying before the House Un-American Activities Committee. <mask> was asked by the Los Angeles Daily News to publicly declare that he was not a member of the Communist Party USA, and he refused on the grounds that no one should be required to publicly declare his political affiliation as a requirement to keep his job. The Daily News fired him and he was blacklisted. <mask>'s union, The Newspaper Guild, appealed his dismissal as a violation of the union's contract with the newspaper.An arbitration committee ruled 3-to-2 against the Guild. After his dismissal, <mask> worked extensively in public relations and government. He was a public relations consultant in the Los Angeles mayoral campaign of Fletcher Bowron in the early 1950s, the Los Angeles City Council races

masks: Partlow Partlow Partlow Partlow Partlow


title: Vern Partlow

texts:
 of Edward R. Roybal in the late 1950s. Later, in the 1960s and 1970s, <mask> worked as a publicist and public relations expert for a number of Jewish organizations in the Los Angeles area. <mask> remained part of the protest song movement as well. Partly wishing to encourage younger songwriters like <mask>, Pete Seeger established the magazine Broadside in 1961 to promote the work of younger folk artists. "Old Man Atom" made a comeback among folk singers in the 1960s, and Tom Glazer made a very popular recording which he released as part of his Songs of Peace, Freedom, and Protest set in 1970.<mask> <mask> died of cancer in a hospital in Los Angeles, California, on March 1, 1987. He was survived by three sons. The first two stanzas of "Newspapermen Meet Such Interesting People" are played at the start and finish of The Media Project, a weekly radio program on National Public Radio. Partial list of Partlow songs
A partial listing of <mask>'s more popular folk and protest songs includes:
"I'm a Native American Nazi"
"My Name is Cannery Bill"
"Newspapermen Meet Such Interesting People"
"Old Man Atom" (also known as "Talking Atom" and "Atomic Talking Blues")
"Susan's in the Union"
"The U.A.W. Train"

Footnotes

Bibliography
Alwood, Edward. Dark Days in the Newsroom: McCarthyism Aimed at the Press. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2007."Ban Is Put On Song About the Atom." New York Times. September 1, 1950. Burton, Bernie. "Newspapers at Risk of Becoming Shopping Specials." Ventura County Star. March 23, 1998.Cogley, John and Miller, Merle. Blacklisting: Two Key Documents. New York: Arno Press, 1971. Cohen, Ronald D. Rainbow Quest: The Folk Music Revival and American Society, 1940-1970. Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Press, 2002. "Col Buys ABC

masks: Partlow Partlow Partlow Vern Partlow Partlow


title: Vern Partlow

texts:
 Atom."Billboard. August 5, 1950. Dunaway, David King. How Can I Keep From Singing: Pete Seeger. New York: Da Capo Press, 1981. Escobar, Edward J. Race, Police, and the Making of a Political Identity: Mexican Americans and the Los Angeles Police Department, 1900-1945.Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1999. Hamrah, A.S. "Bombay Is Atomic India." Boston Globe. October 13, 2002. Heldenfels, R.D. "Love 'Little People, Big World'." Tulsa World.April 18, 2010. Hillinger, Charles. "Modern Songwriters Tune In to Atomic Bomb." Los Angeles Times. February 11, 1992. Lotchin, Roger W. The Way We Really Were: The Golden State in the Second Great War. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2000."No Private Censors." Life. September 11, 1950. "Old Man Atom." New York Times. September 9, 1950. "The Press: The Right to Loyalty."Time. September 1, 1952. "RCA Victor Quietly Quashes Its 'Old Man Atom' Recording." Variety. August 31, 1950. Rense, Rip. "The Ink-Stained Memoirs."Los Angeles Times. May 4, 2003. Shelton, Robert. "Ancient Art of Poking Fun - on LP." New York Times. March 22, 1959. Shelton, Robert.No Direction Home: The Life and Music of Bob Dylan. Cambridge, Mass. : Da Capo Press, 2003. "<mask> <mask>: His Peace Song Stirred Ruckus." Los Angeles Times. March 4, 1987. Wolfe, Charles K. and Akenson, James Edward.Country Music Goes to War. Lexington, Ky.: University Press of Kentucky, 2005. External links
 (courtesy of Folksinging.org)

1910 births
1987 deaths
American newspaper reporters and correspondents
Trade unionists from Illinois
American folk singers
Jewish American songwriters
Writers from Bloomington, Illinois
Singers from Illinois
20th-century American singers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Songwriters from Illinois
20th-century

masks: Vern Partlow


title: Chris Hondros

texts:
<mask> (March 14, 1970 – April 20, 2011) was an American war photographer. <mask> was a finalist twice for a Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Photography. Biography
<mask> was born in New York City to immigrant Greek and German parents who were child refugees after World War II. He spent most of his childhood in Fayetteville, North Carolina, where he graduated from Terry Sanford High School in 1988. <mask> studied English literature at North Carolina State University where he also worked for the Technician, the campus newspaper. In 1991, <mask> submitted his portfolio and was invited to attend the Eddie Adams Workshop. After graduating from State in 1993, <mask> moved to Athens, Ohio, and earned a master's degree at Ohio University School of Visual Communications.He began his career at the Troy Daily News in Ohio as an intern and later chief photographer before returning to Fayetteville in 1996 to begin a career with The Fayetteville Observer and to be close to his father who died of cancer in 2000. <mask> left his job at The Fayetteville Observer in 1998 to return to New York and concentrate on international reporting. From his base in New York, <mask> worked in most of the world's major conflict zones since the late 1990s, including Kosovo, Angola, Sierra Leone, Afghanistan, Kashmir, the West Bank, Iraq, and Liberia. <mask> was awarded the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Photojournalism Grant in 1999. In 2001, <mask> was selected for the Pew Fellowship for International Reporting through Johns Hopkins University. Following the September 11 attacks, Hondros took photographs at ground zero. <mask> went to cover the Liberian Civil War in 2003.It was here that <mask> photographed Joseph Duo in an image that graced the front cover of publications worldwide.

masks:
Chris Hondros
Hondros
Chris Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros


title: Chris Hondros

texts:
 <mask> also followed Sen. John Kerry's presidential campaign in 2004. When <mask> returned to cover the Liberian election in 2005, he was able to meet Joseph Duo again to discuss the progress that had been made in Liberia since his last visit. His work included disasters such as Hurricane Katrina and the 2010 Haiti earthquake. The United States presidential election in 2008 found Hondros photographing Governor and Vice-Presidential candidate Sarah Palin. His work appeared as the covers of magazines such as Newsweek and the Economist, and on the front pages of The New York Times, The Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times. Photographer Tyler Hicks described <mask> as a "sensitive photographer," adding that "He never was in it for himself or for the vanity of what the job brings with it.He really believes in his work." His photography was featured in the documentary film, Liberia: A Fragile Peace (2006). Iraq photos
<mask>'s images from Iraq, especially a January 2005 picture series detailing the shooting of an Iraqi family by U.S. troops, were published extensively and garnered worldwide acclaim and criticism. On January 18, 2005, an Iraqi family was traveling in a car in Tal Afar. Thinking it was a suicide bomber, U.S. troops opened fire, killing both parents and paralyzing one of their five children sitting in the back seat. As a result of the worldwide interest in his case generated by <mask>'s pictures, the boy, Rakan Hassan, was later flown to the United States for treatment in a Boston hospital, but was murdered in a bombing by insurgents shortly after his return. <mask> won dozens of international awards for the images.One of his pictures of this tragedy is likely to become "one of the few photos from the Iraq war that could stand out in history" according to Liam Kennedy,

masks: Hondros Hondros Hondros Hondros Hondros Hondros


title: Chris Hondros

texts:
 from University College Dublin. In an interview, <mask> stated:

Libya and death
It was reported on April 20, 2011, that <mask> had been fatally wounded in a mortar attack by government forces in Misrata while covering the 2011 Libyan civil war. Photojournalist Tim Hetherington was also killed in the attack, which wounded two other photographers. Photojournalists Guy Martin said that the group was traveling with rebel fighters. According to The New York Times, <mask> died from his injuries as a result of severe brain trauma. <mask> Fund
The <mask>os Fund is a nonprofit organization established in 2011 in the memory of <mask> and his life's work. The fund's mission is to provide non-profit institutions with grants to advocate for photojournalists.One fellowship for attendance to the Eddie Adams Workshop will be offered annually along with one other fellowship awarded by application. The first fellowship was awarded in 2012 by Getty Images and the Chris Hondros Fund. Hondros film

In 2013 the author Greg Campbell launched a Kickstarter campaign to produce a documentary named Hondros: A Life in Frames. The project was launched with an initial goal of $30,000.00 and became fully funded within three days with a total of $89,639 raised. Campbell and <mask> met and became best friends in high school. After <mask>' death, Campbell was contacted by Liberian Joseph Duo, who was the subject of one of <mask>' most famous photographs. Campbell learned that <mask> had returned to Liberia to help Duo earn his high school, college, and eventually law school education.The film is executive produced by Jake Gyllenhaal and Jamie Lee Curtis. Curtis also assisted Campbell in finding the first significant funding for the project from the Annenberg Foundation. The film, re-titled as Hondros, had its world

masks:
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Chris Hondros
Chris Hondr
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros
Hondros


title: Tito Minniti

texts:
<mask> (1909 – 26 December 1935) was an Italian pilot who was killed after he was captured by Ethiopians during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in 1935 near Degehabur. His death and alleged torture became an atrocity story proffered by the Italian government to justify their use of mustard gas against Ethiopian civilians. <mask> was posthumously decorated with the Italian Gold Medal of Valor. Life

<mask> was born in Placanica, near Reggio Calabria, Italy in 1909. He became a military pilot of the Regia Aeronautica in 1933. He had attained the rank of Lieutenant when he volunteered to fight in Ethiopia in 1935. He flew a number of missions over enemy territory.On 26 December 1935 Minniti was flying a reconnaissance mission with an observer, Sergeant Livio Zannoni. He was forced to land behind enemy lines, probably due to engine trouble. Minnitti and Zannoni survived apparently uninjured, but were soon challenged by Ethiopians. What happened next is disputed. Both men were killed, but according to Rainer Baudendistel, "it was never established whether they died defending themselves or were killed after surrender". The only officially recorded testimony of the event, given by an Egyptian paramedic, asserted with details that Minniti was tortured and murdered by Ethiopian troops. Italian version
According to one version of events, <mask> and Zannoni fought the Army of the Ethiopian Empire soldiers who approached.Minniti attacked them with the aircraft's machine gun, killing some of them. Eventually he ran out of ammunition and was forced to surrender. Zannoni was killed, but Minniti was taken to the village of Bolali. Italian propaganda later declared that

masks:
Tito Minniti
Minniti
Tito Minniti
Minniti