title: Kristijan Golubović

texts:
 neighbourhood of Voždovac. Mija Pijuk's bodyguard Safet "Džimi" Buljuku began firing shots at <mask>, hitting him in the legs.In October 1989, <mask>ović club, leading to several shots being fired. 1990s
In the early morning hours of Sunday, February 25, 1990, <mask> was one of the perpetrators of an infamous act of violence in Belgrade's Hotel Mažestik. Along with his best friend at the time Dragan "Gagi" Nikolić, a heavily armed <mask> burst into the hotel's disco bar looking for a rival gangster. Since they didn't find him, 24-year-old Nikolić and 20-year-old <mask> shot up and ransacked the place, destroying it in the process before fleeing the scene. Since the hotel's disco bar was a favorite mobster hangout, the incident gained them notoriety with the authorities, considering that many prominent and powerful mob figures were present to witness the shooting of bottles and furniture. To escape prosecution in Serbia, <mask> went back to Germany, but soon found himself serving a three-year sentence in Düsseldorf on an armed robbery charge from a few years earlier. Due to being underage when the robbery was committed, he served the sentence in a juvenile prison.In 1993, German authorities extradited <mask> back to Serbia where he was wanted for a variety of criminal acts from the 1988–1990 period. He is well known for telling tall tales about people no longer here to defend themselves. He is a long time friend of Milorad Ulemek and has maintained relations with Arkan through him. The

masks: Golubović Golubovićrankoman Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović


title: Kristijan Golubović

type: original

texts:
 story Golobović claims is true, that Ulemek sent him to Erdut to the headquarters of the Serbian Volunteer Guard (Arkanovi Tigrovi), where he was asked to fight for them, but declined. Then he went as far as to say that Ražnatović asked <mask> to assassinate Serbian politician Vojislav Šešelj, but he refused. <mask> married Danijela Đukić and had a son Lazar with her while in Belgrade. On July 23, 1994, <mask> had an altercation with Milorad Majkić, owner of Casino Aleksandar at Čumićevo sokače.Majkić claimed <mask> tried to extort DM 10,000 from him. <mask> left Serbia for Greece to avoid prison. There he became the worker of a former Yugoslav group that worked in Athens. <mask> was featured in a 1996 documentary about Serbia's underworld called Vidimo se u čitulji that was filmed between 1994 and 1996. He is one of only a few individuals, out of dozens featured in the film, still alive today. 2000s
In 2002 he escaped from Korydallos Prison, where he was sentenced to 14 and a half years for stealing two BMW cars and an armed robbery. During his time in prison, he maintained a relationship with Arkan's daughter Anđela Ražnatović.<mask> said he wanted to marry her but the relationship was short. <mask> got arrested in Greece on December 25, 2002, on a Serbian arrest warrant because of the criminal citation stemming from the July 1994 incident with Milorad Majkić. The citation claimed <mask> slapped Majkić while trying to extort DM 10,000 from him. Following three and a half-month stay in

masks: Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović Golubović


title: Kristijan Golubović

texts: detention, he got extradited to Serbia on April 16, 2003. At the first court date in May 2003, <mask> denied extorting Majkić but admitted slapping him. He was arrested in Operation Sablja, a crackdown on organized crime in Serbia following Prime Minister Zoran Đinđić's assassination, for being the leader of a criminal group that extorted €15,000 from a businessman from Sremska Mitrovica; the sentence was initially 6 years, but the case ended with 1 and a half-year. On the night of March 17, 2004, <mask> and famous Serbian turbo-folk singer Ceca Ražnatović (widow of the murdered Arkan) gathered protesters in front of the government building in Belgrade to rally against the situation in Kosovo where more than 36 Serbian Orthodox Churches had been burned the same day in an outbreak of Muslim Albanian violence against the Serb natives of the province.On December 12, 2005, <mask> got sentenced to six years of prison by the Special Court in Belgrade on illegal arms and racketeering charges of €3,000 and gold jewelry theft from the Arsić's, a married couple from Aranđelovac. The case was appealed and the sentence got reduced to four and a half years, which he served at Zabela prison in Požarevac. On January 9, 2009, he was released from the Zabela prison where he had spent four and a half years. He made a rap song together with Elitni odredi called Jack i Chivas (Jack Daniels and Chivas Regal). He was denied entry to Croatia in 2009 when he was going to fight in the Millenium Fighting

masks: Golubović Golubović Golubović


title: Kristijan Golubović

texts:
 Challenge MMA event held in Split, mayor Željko Kerum denied his entrance and police were ready to stop <mask>. "He has a history of crime and suspicious relations with the criminal world and is not welcomed to Split or Croatia, nor be a sport example." On January 16, 2010, <mask>, his mother and five other members of his criminal group were arrested in Belgrade on charges of narcotics trade in Novi Pazar and Belgrade starting in August 2009.He and his two companions were intercepted at a drug exchange of 25 grams of heroin when they exited Saint Mark's Church. He had the previous week been stopped by police who found 180 grams of marijuana in his Audi TT. His friend in the car claimed the marijuana was his and <mask> was held for 4 hours before being set free. The police then searched his home in Višnjica and found a gun and ammunition without a serial number, a Beretta was found in his mother's house. He was sentenced for narcotics trade, illegal arms and explosives possession. He allegedly tried suicide by hanging in his cell the days following the arrest. The motive of the suicide attempt was that he felt devastated that he had caused the arrest of his mother who had nothing to do with this.She is quoted as having said I should have aborted you! He shared cell with Elez gang, leader Darko Elez and Zemun clan hitman Nikola Bajić. His wife was briefly held in March for the finding of a land mine in her car. 2010s
During the 2010s, <mask> was constantly in and out of prison, awaiting

masks: Golubović Golubović Golubović Kristijan


title: Kristijan Golubović

texts:
 trial. In early January 2016, <mask> released a rap song with DeNiro called Živim kao Šef. Also, on May 9, he had his third mixed martial arts fight, returning to the sport 6 years after his previous fight, which he won by disqualification. It was held in Vienna against Agim Abdullahu.He lost the fight by TKO in the first round. After the fight, <mask> made statements on social media that it was rigged and unfair, claiming it was the referee's fault. On March 16, <mask> was sentenced to 4 years and 1 month in the Zabela prison. While in prison. On October 9, <mask> released another rap song called Moj Czas along with a fellow rapper from Poland called Brex. Popular culture
In 1993 he appeared on the album Zbogom, Srbijo by Serbian band Riblja Čorba, singing with band's frontman Bora Đorđević in the song Kamenko i Kremenko (Serbian names of Fred and Barney from The Flintstones). He was part of highly popular reality shows, such as Farma, Zadruga, and Parovi.Mixed martial arts record

|-
|Loss
|align=center|2–1
| Agim Abdullahu
| Submission (TKO)
| Night of Gladiator
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| N/A
| Vienna, Austria
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|2–0
|Stanislav Drakov
| DQ (Drakov bit Golubovic's finger)
| WKN Serbia – Kings of the Ring
|
|align=center| 2
|align=center| N/A
| Niš, Serbia
|
|-
|Win
|align=center|1–0
|Marian Rusu
| TKO (leg injury)
| Ultra FC – Stop the Crime
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:24
| Subotica, Serbia
|

References

External links
 Official

masks: Kristijan Kristijan Golubović Golubović


title: Kristijan Golubović

texts:
 website
Fan shop website

 Interview with <mask> Golubović on Palma television

1969 births
Escapees from Greek detention
Heavyweight mixed martial artists
Living people
Gangsters from Belgrade
Sportspeople from Belgrade
Sportspeople from Munich
Prisoners and detainees of Serbia
Serbian male mixed martial artists
Serbian gangsters
Serbian prisoners and detainees
Serbian expatriates in


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
<mask><mask> (July 23, 1898 – March 23, 1973) was an American painter and illustrator who divided his career between Cincinnati and Chicago. He was known for his portraiture and landscapes of western United States. In the latter part of his career he focused on Biblical illustrations. Early life and education
<mask> was born in the Mount Auburn district of Cincinnati in 1898. He was one of five children of German immigrant and shoemaker <mask> and his wife Eleanor. He graduated from Cincinnati's Hughes High School in 1916 where he was named "Best Artist". <mask> began his art training at the Art Academy of Cincinnati in 1912 while a high school student and later while working part time at United States Printing and Lithograph Company in Norwood, Ohio.He studied under many famous Cincinnati artists such as Herman Wessel (1878–1969), James Roy Hopkins (1877–1969), Lewis Henry Meakin (1850–1917), Frank Duveneck (1848–1919) and Caroline Lord (1860–1927). In 1917 he and a group of young artists from the Art Academy of Cincinnati including Bill Bollman, <mask>, Carl Hasz, Arthur Helwig, John Holmer and Dick Sanders started a communal studio in downtown Cincinnati on the south side of Third Street, between Walnut and Main. They called it Russet Studio. In September 1918, <mask> travelled to Stearns, Kentucky with Art Academy of Cincinnati classmate Frank Harmon Myers for a sketching trip. Myers and <mask> later exhibited their work together at Traxel Galleries in Cincinnati and <mask> later exhibited his Kearns paintings in the eastern US, Chicago Art Institute and Cincinnati Art Museum.

masks:
Wilbur G
. Adam
Adam
Jacob Adam
Adam
George Fetick
Adam
Adam
Adam


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 Professional career
He joined the Cincinnati Art Club in 1919. In 1921 he won second prize in the Chaloner Paris Scholarship competition of the National Academy Museum and School of New York City.He was a guest artist in 1921 and again in 1929 at the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation at Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York. In 1923 he and fellow Art Academy of Cincinnati student, Arthur Helwig, travelled to the Estes Park, Colorado and the Rocky Mountain National Park where the pair focused on landscape painting for a summer. In the summer of 1924 he took a seven-week trip to California, Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon, and Rocky Mountains. In 1925 he set up a studio in Chicago where he received numerous commissions for portraiture work. In 1925, he won the Art Institute of Chicago's Peabody Prize for The Little Dancer. In the summer of 1927 he travelled to Glacier National Park and was joined for a few weeks by fellow Cincinnati painter, Matthew A. Daly. With his landscape paintings, <mask> revealed himself as a "colorist of distinction as well as an artist who can command a view of stupendous subjects."His paintings, "realistic to a degree, have a vividness that is almost startling." He travelled again to the West in 1928 with Cincinnati colleague, Wallace Hoess. During his visit he would make small paintings of scenes on the spot and take them back to his studio to paint over the winter. After living in Chicago for nearly 25 years as an illustrator, he returned to Cincinnati in 1951 and established a studio on Highland Avenue. During this time he did a significant body of work for


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 Standard Publishing and Treasure Chest as an illustrator of Biblical books and publications, including Christmas Joy (1955), Prayer Time (1955), Precious Promises (1955) Word of Cheer (1955), Life and Customs in Jesus' Time (1957) and Favorite Psalms (1960). After returning to Cincinnati, <mask> filled his many illustration commissions, and also painted portraits, particularly of institutional and business leaders. His work had a decided illustrative quality.Using bright colors and a realistic technique, <mask>'s paintings reflected his great skill and experience as an illustrator. He served as president of the Professional Artists of Cincinnati in 1956-58 and president of the Cincinnati Art Club from 1965-1967. Exhibitions

<mask> was an invited exhibitor at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., the St. Louis Art Museum and the Cincinnati Art Museum. Group exhibitions
All-Illinois Society of Fine Art Annual 1926

Art Institute of Chicago
 American Annual, 1924 (Still Life: Vegetables), 1925 (The Little Dancer; The Bronze Plate; and Spruce Canyon, Estes Park, Colorado), 1927 (The Elevated)
 Chicago & Vicinity 1926 (Jackson Boulevard, Maurice Tabard and Real Boys), 1930 (Saucer Burial from Porgy & Bess), 1931 (Lantern Fishermen), 1933 (Gustave Ahrenhold)
Albright-Knox Art Gallery, American Annual, 1927

Chicago Galleries Association
 Exhibition of Paintings, 1930. "The portrait of a girl in a red dress, Ruth,…is a beautifully handled portrait and exquisite in its least

masks: Adam Adam Adam


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 details." Portraits by Members, 1932
 Exhibition, 1952
Cincinnati Art Club
 Annual Exhibition, 1919. "Frank Myers and <mask> <mask> are two of the youngest members of the club in years, but not in importance as artists…<mask>'s fine draftsmanship and regard for color values are well displayed in his In the Junk Shop and Alford of the Argonne, a portrait of an Indian youth who is a student at the Art Academy.He is shown wrapped in a native blanket." 26th Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture, 1924. Traxel Galleries. Exhibited Before Dusk. Annual Exhibition, 1927. New Art Center, starting 12 November. "When contemplating advancement in art, perhaps <mask> <mask> has made the greatest strides.We sight his Glacier Park paintings for their fine qualities and handsome arrangements. Particularly picturesque is The Hill Farm, where he has obtained a fine tonality." Exhibited Mountain and Meadow Glacier Park and The Hill Farm. Fall Opening Exhibition, 1959. Exhibited Daguerreotype. Fall Opening Exhibition, 1963. "<mask> <mask> has drawn Don Quixote after his heroic combat with the fierce windmill; his nag Rozinante sprawled upside down, and Sancho Panza in fright on his donkey."Cincinnati Art Museum

 Annual Exhibition of American Art, 1919. "<mask> <mask> shows two oils, a portrait, revealing a good likeness of his colleague, Charles Locke, and an excellent still life, a brown teaport and a copper plate composed in a conventional manner but very spirited in handling, which is at once broad and yet so unaffectedly natural." Annual Exhibition of American Art, 1923. Exhibited Still Life. Annual

masks: Wilbur Adam Adam Wilbur Adam Wilbur Adam Wilbur Adam


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 Exhibition of American Art 1924-1928
 Exhibition of the Women's Art Club, 1923
 Annual Exhibition (Water Colors), 1925. "<mask> <mask>'s group, which included two portraits, a difficult think in water color, is unusually fine. His Studio Interior is extremely well done, its small still life carefully rendered, and both the portrait heads are fine, strong and definite and full of character."Spring Exhibition, 1928. <mask>'s Roselle, a portrait of a young woman dressed in a fancy costume, has excellent qualities, besides its technical brilliance… The Elevated … is a fine animated, pulsing record of a personal observation. Portraits of Present Day Cincinnatians, 1933. Exhibited portrait of Dana Dawes. Exhibition of Work by Teachers and Former Students, Art Academy 1938
Cincinnati Art Galleries
 Panorama of Cincinnati Art IV, 1989. The Guitar Player on exhibition. Panorama of Cincinnati Art X, 1995
 Panorama of Cincinnati Art XI, 1996
Corcoran Gallery of Art Biennial, 1926

Dayton Art Institute, 1925.Exhibited Portrait of Arthur Helwig. Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation
 Members' Works, 1922. "<mask> G<mask> uses (color) to good advantage in landscape and his Antique Dealer is one of the best figures." Milwaukee Art Museum

Nebraska Art Association Annual 1926, 1928

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
 Annual, 1925
 Annual Watercolors, 1927
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Sesquicentennial, 1926

Professional Artists of Cincinnati
 Exhibition at Pogues, 1956. Exhibited portrait of John Terrell. Rollman's Swifton Exhibition, 1957
 Exhibition at Pogues, 1958. Exhibited Portrait of a

masks:
Wilbur
Adam
Adam
Wilbur
. Adam


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 Girl.Annual Exhibit, 1959
St. Louis Art Museum, American Annual, 1926

One to four man exhibitions

1922 Closson Galleries
"Mr. <mask> studied in the Art Academy of Cincinnati, and is now numbered among its most successful graduates. The present collection includes some of his most recent work. There are thirty-four subjects, many of them inspired by Cincinnati land-marks. The price range is from $10 to $60." Exhibited 34 paintings including Monastery Road, Fountain Square, The Red House and Brick Barges. 1924 Traxel Galleries
One man exhibition, 14–26 April. "There is something very sound about Mr. <mask>'s painting, and a definite feeling of good draftsmanship and understanding.His exhibition includes a variety of subject – landscapes, portraits, still life and figure studies. His landscapes were painted last summer at Estes Park, Colo., where he spent several months. One of the large landscapes, which he calls Entrance to Spruce Canyon, is perhaps the handsomest. It is a dramatic rendering of purple lights and brilliant sunshine. The warm rays of the sun, bursting through the clouds for just a moment, have turned everything to gold, and the cool, purple shadows of the trees and rocks give strong contrast. Near Estes Village, a smaller landscape that stands out in the group, is a sparkling rendering of sky and rich luminous mountains that have fine feeling of mass and distance. Of his four or five portraits, the one of a young man, Clarence is the finest.It is a good likeness, well drawn and painted surely and simply, with no struggle for effect, but depending solely on its fine

masks: Adam Adam


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 draftsmanship and firm handling." 1924 Western College for Women
A collection of about 30 oils, water colors, and monotypes held in the Art Gallery. "A number of the pictures have been on exhibition at Traxel's in Cincinnati, at the Cincinnati Art Museum and at the Cincinnati Art Club Exhibitions. Several have also been shown in Columbus and at the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania." 1928 Closson Galleries
112 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati. One man show on Glacier Park and Estes Park paintings for two weeks from 30 April 1928. "Mr <mask> has taken a high flight, choosing wide horizons and extreme panoramic views.As a landscapist, he has analyzed these views....and they are excellent documents...built up with great consideration for mass formation and stand the test of scale.. Mr. <mask>…has overstepped the bounds of more conventional landscape with such a showing." Featured paintings include: Spruce Canyon, Estes Park, Two Medicine Country, Slope of Appistoki Peak, Mt Henry, Appistoki Creek, St. Mary's Lake, On the Mt. Henry Trail, Near Twin Falls and Going to the Sun Mountain. 1929 Closson Galleries
112 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati. One man show for two weeks from 4 March 1929. "Mr <mask> reveals himself as a colorist of distinction as well as an artist who can command a panoramic view of stupendous subjects – subjects which are honestly seen and rendered with uncommon courage. The paintings, realistic to a degree, have a vividness that is almost startling."Paintings exhibited include: Baring Falls, Swiftcurrent Valley, Early Morning Citadel Peak, Swiftcurrent Falls


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 at Midday, View from Morgan Pass and Rainy Day at Mount Wilbur. 1930 Chicago Galleries Association
220 Michigan Avenue, Chicago. Two-man exhibition with Byron Boyd, to 25 January. "Here again is a contemporary American artist standing on his own feet and painting in his own way uninfluenced by the novelties which so beset this century. Mr. <mask> has joined the increasing band of painters who are finding the grandeurs and beauties of the west and northwest paintable. He shows a number of magnificent mountain pictures… When he leaves the mountain and comes into lower places his brush is equally able." Some of the landscape paintings exhibited were: Swiftcurrent Falls, Baring Falls, Old Man's Lake, Appistoki Peak, Rising Wolf Mountain, New Twin Falls.Other paintings were The Hill Farm, Turn in the Road, White Peonies, Bronze Plate, The Elevated, The Little Dancer, Harriet Dawes, Clare and <mask> and Roselle. 1930 Iowa State University
He had a two-main show with <mask>, 20 May to 9 June in Ames, Iowa. "Wood's portrait of the pioneer, John D. Turner, won first prize at the Iowa state fair last year, and his House in Munich, exhibited here last fall, won the first prize offered last year by the Iowa Federation of Women's clubs. <mask> is a Peabody prize winner at the Art Institute in Chicago." Two months after the show, Wood painted his iconic American Gothic. 1930 Civic Arts Society
One-man show in November. 1933 Chicago Galleries Association
220 North Michigan Avenue.Four young Chicago artists: Karl Brandner, <mask> <mask>, <mask> Ruffolo and C. Warner Williams (a sculptor). 1963

masks:
Adam
Gertrude
Grant Wood
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Gasper


title: Wilbur G. Adam

texts:
 Cincinnati Art Club
Wilbur G. <mask> Retrospective. "<mask> <mask> is an old-fashioned portraitist, presently in a retrospective exhibition at the Cincinnati Art Club, and his work has the quiet, insistent pride of a man certain of his technique and the grounds to which he applies it, as well he may be." Legacy

<mask>'s work continues to appear at auctions and in exhibitions. From 2003 to 2004, Gypsy Girl was on display at the Cincinnati Art Museum as part of its exhibition entitled Exotic and Picturesque People and Places. The Cincinnati-based auction house Cowan's Auction has auctioned nine paintings by <mask> since 2008. <mask>'s Portrait of a Young Man was auctioned by the Art Academy of Cincinnati in 2014.Mountain Landscape, 1927 was auctioned by Leslie Hindman Auctioneers of Denver in 2014. <mask> died in 1973 and is buried at Vine Street Hill Cemetery in Cincinnati. External links

 <mask> G<mask> on Pinterest
 Internet Antique Gazette - <mask> G<mask> - American Artist

References

Artists from Cincinnati
Artists from Chicago
20th-century American painters
American male painters
Painters from Ohio
American portrait painters
1898 births
1973 deaths
People from Loveland, Ohio
American people of German

masks:
Adam
Wilbur
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam
Wilbur
. Adam
Wilbur
. Adam


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts:
<mask> (19 April 1837, in Arnsberg, Westphalia Province – 3 July 1889, in Berlin-Schöneberg) was a German politician. He was originally a tanner by trade but later became a journalist and author. However, he is most known for his political work in the predecessors of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In 1869 and 1870, Hasenclever was a representative for the General German Workers' Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein, ADAV) in the Reichstag (parliament) of the North German Confederation. From 1871 on, he was the last president of the ADAV, until it merged with the Social Democratic Workers' Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, SDAP) to form the Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, SAP). From 1874 to 1888 he was again a social democrat representative in the Reichstag of the German Empire that had been formed in 1871: Originally for the ADAV, later for the SAP. Hasenclever was member of the party board there as well.Together with <mask>necht, he also founded the party paper Vorwärts, the official newspaper of the SPD until the 1990s. Life and career

<mask>ver was the son of a self-employed tanner. The family had protestant roots and had migrated to the catholic Arnsberg. After visiting secondary school up to the "Sekunda" (equivalent to today's Mittlere Reife, a diploma of secondary education below the full-blown Abitur), he learned the tanning trade from his parents. In 1857/58 he was forced into a year of military service; in 1859, another period of military service with the Prussian army in Düsseldorf and Cologne followed. In between and afterwards, Hasenclever - like many artisans of the time - took to the road, taking on various short-term jobs and visiting most member states of the North German Confederation, Switzerland, northern Italy and southern France. His experiences, which made him aware of the problems of the proletariat, greatly influenced his later

masks:
Wilhelm Hasenclever
Wilhelm Liebk
Wilhelm Hasencle


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts:
 political stance.Early journalistic and political work

Through work in sports clubs, Hasenclever discovered his love of writing and holding speeches. In 1862/63 he became editor for the democratically oriented newspaper Westfälische Volkszeitung in Hagen. As a journalist, he became aware of the writings of the socialist Ferdinand Lassalle, in particular Lasalle's programme for the working class. This became the foundation of the first German social democrat party, with subgroups in most states of the Confederation: the General German Workers' Association (Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein, ADAV), founded on 13 May 1863 in Leipzig and instigated by Lasalle. During the Second War of Schleswig Hasenclever was once again drafted into the Prussian army for a short time. Shortly after his release he was sentenced to six weeks in prison on grounds of Ehrfuhrchtsverletzung gegenüber Sr. Majestät (Lèse majesté against the Prussian king <mask> I) due to an article he had written for the Rheinische Zeitung. However, he was acquitted on appeal.After these experiences with the Prussian judicial system he joined the ADAV the same year - only a few months after Lasalle had died in a duel. Career in the ADAV, rivalry with the SDAP

In 1866 Hasenclever was elected secretary of the ADAV under association president <mask> Tölcke. From 1868 to 1870 he was responsible for the party's finances. At the same time, from 1867 to 1869, he ran the tannery in Halver that belonged to his sister. In 1869 Hasenclever became the representative for Duisburg in the Reichstag (parliament) of the North German Confederation, which had been founded in 1876 after Prussia had won the Austro-Prussian War against Austria. After the election he moved to Berlin. The other ADAV representatives were <mask> Fritzsche and the anti-Prussian, anti-Marxist Johann Baptist von Schweitzer, who had become president of the ADAV the same year.Also present in the Reichstag was the Social

masks:
Wilhelm
Carl Wilhelm
Friedrich Wilhelm


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts: Democratic Workers' Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, SDAP), with <mask>necht and August Bebel. The party, which was revolutionary and Marxist, had been formed 1869 in Eisenach, Kingdom of Saxony, from the left wing of the Saxon People's Party (Sächsische Volkspartei). Contrary to the ADAV, the SAP followed a strict anti-Prussian line and worked towards "Großdeutsche" (greater German) unification including Austria and a federal structure, with the goal of constricting the hegemony of Prussia, which was considered reactionary and militaristic by the SAP. That was not only in conflict with the goals of the conservative Prussian president and chancellor of the North German Confederation, Otto von Bismarck, but also with Schweitzer, the controversial leader of the ADAV, who was closer to the chancellor in national matters than the more internationally-oriented SAP. After the end of his first Reichstag period Hasenclever took part in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870/71. After the victory of the North German Confederation under Prussian leadership, the southern German states Baden, Württemberg and Bavaria joined the Confederation, forming the German Empire with the King of Prussia, <mask> I, as Kaiser (Emperor). So, the "Kleindeutsche" (smaller German) solution had been implemented.Bismarck became Reichskanzler and leader of the government that had been specified by the Emperor. Shortly afterwards, secret communication between the government and Schweitzer (who was known in the ADAV as an authoritarian, bordering on the dictatorial, leader) became known. Schweitzer stepped down as party leader and ended his political career. In 1871, Hasenclever was elected Schweitzer's successor as the president of the ADAV. In the following years, Bismarck tried to play SDAP and ADAV (both of which he regarded as "enemies of the Reich") against each other. The rivalry between the two parties made it easier for the government to harass worker's associations

masks:
Wilhelm Liebk
Wilhelm


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts:
 in the whole Reich with raids and searches. As newly elected president of the ADAV, Hasenclever began to give a new direction to the ADAV.That, combined with Bismarck's increasingly restrictive line, led to a party line closer to that of the SDAP. However both parties kept their priorities for the time being and criticized each other for it: reform (ADAV) versus revolution (SDAP), national influence of the worker's movement (ADAV) against proletarian internationalism (SDAP), working towards cooperatives (ADAV) versus working towards trade unions (SDAP). The two papers of the ADAV - Der Social-Demokrat ("The Social Democrat") and Der Agitator ("The Agitator"), both dominated by Schweitzer until he stepped down - now were merged into a new party publication called Der Neue Sozial-Demokrat ("The New Social Democrat"). Editors-in-chief were Hasenclever and his party friend and supporter <mask>. Additionally, Hasenclever was editor for the magazine Sozial-politische Blätter ("Socio-Political Papers") and, from 1873 onwards, publisher of the special edition Sozialpolitische Blätter zur Unterhaltung und Belehrung der deutschen Arbeiter ("Socio-Political Papers for the Entertainment and Education of the German Workers"). Under Hasenclever's leadership the ADAV grew from 5300 (1871) to more than 19000 (1873/74) members. Der Neue Sozial-Demokrat had more than 11000 subscribers.For his publications, Hasenclever got multiple criminal sentences, up to one to three months of prison, for crimes such as "publicly encouraging criminal acts", "libel" and "membership in a closed society". Fusion of the ADAV and the SDAP  - the SAP

After a hiatus of four years, Hasenclever was once again elected to the Reichstag (which had become the Reichstag of the German Empire), this time representing Altona. Since then, the positions of the ADAV and the SDAP increasingly converged. On a joint party meeting on 5 May 1875 in Gotha, the two parties finally merged, forming the


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts:
 Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands, SAP). Hasenclever and <mask>knecht, the leaders of the two parties, had struck a compromise that was written down in the Gotha programme (Gothaer Programm) of the SAP. It included toning down the revolutionary goals of the SDAP to work within legal bounds:

Additionally, these goals should be reached primarily on a national level, which weakened the internationalist aspect of social democrat politics. The party programme was also much more insistent on furthering cooperative economics than the previous programme of the SDAP.While the Marxist goals of Liebknecht were not gone entirely, Karl Marx himself criticized the more reform-oriented compromise in his Kritik des Gothaer Programms ("Critique of the Gotha Programme") from his exile in London. Hasenclever was on the board of the new SAP in 1975/76 together with Liebknecht and August Bebel. Together with Liebknecht, he founded the new central party publication Vorwärts ("Forward") 1876 in Leipzig. The first issue was published on 1 October 1876. Vorwärts is still the official publication of the SAP's successor party, the SPD. The same year, Hasenclever moved to Hamburg and founded the Hamburg-Altonaer Volksblatt ("Hamburg-Altona People's Paper") . Additionally, he published a satirical worker's newspaper in Leipzig.Work in the Reichstag and the anti-socialist laws
Because of the steady increase of support for the social democrats Bismarck tried to suppress the party and related associations more firmly. Two assassination attempts on <mask> I in May and June 1878 gave him the opportunity to act. Even though he knew the contrary was true, he accused the SAP of commissioning the assassins. After a majority decision of the Conservative and the National Liberal  representatives of the Reichstag Bismarck submitted the Gesetz gegen die gemeingefährlichen Bestrebungen der Sozialdemokratie ("Law against the highly

masks:
Wilhelm Lieb
Kaiser Wilhelm


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts: dangerous endeavors of Social Democracy", known today as the Sozialistengesetze in German and "Anti-Socialist Laws" in English) for the Kaiser to sign. It prohibited all activities, meetings and publications of the SAP outside of the Reichstag and the Landtage (state parliaments). It went into effect on 22 October 1878 and was rescinded in 1890 - one year after Hasenclever's death and shortly after Bismarck had been relieved of his post as chancellor by the new <mask> II. The Vorwärts was prohibited in this time as well.Der Sozialdemokrat was one of the few party papers that were distributed illegally in the Reich. It was printed in Zurich since 1880, and in London from 1887. Many Social Democrats were forced to emigrate to neighboring countries, others were jailed for breaching the anti-socialist laws or were expelled from the towns they were living in as "agitators". When the government declared the so-called Kleiner Belagerungszustand (small state of siege) on several cities that were Social Democrat strongholds, these sanctions further increased. Hasenclever, Liebknecht, Bebel and other SAP party members kept their seats in the Reichstag and continued to oppose Bismarck's politics and the parties that supported him. However, they were not allowed to publicly represent Social Democracy within the Reich's borders outside the Reichstag. Even though these heavy sanctions, their seats were confirmed in the next Reichstag elections, in which the SAP continued to gain additional votes.Against Bismarck's intentions, the anti-socialist laws had led to a surge of solidarity in the working class that politicized the workers and moved them closer to the party. Between 1881 and 1890 the number of Reichstag votes for the SAP rose from 312000 in 1881 to more than 1.4 Million in 1890, an increase of more than 450%. That made the SAP the party with the highest number of votes in the Reich. The new Sozialgesetzgebung (social laws) of the chancellor, which


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts:
 truth, freedom and justice"). Today, the Wilhelm-Hasenclever-Platz, a square in Berlin-Wedding which features another memorial plaque, is named in his honor.Also, a street in Treptow is named after him. In 1987, <mask>'s house of birth in Arnsberg was fitted with a memorial plaque as well. Work as a writer
Hasenclever's work as a writer went beyond the numerous publications in newspapers and magazines, many of which he had founded himself. He wrote various treatises on sociopolitical problems of the time, but also novellas, poems and songs, in which he addressed the cause of the workers in emotionally and full of pathos. The roots of his poems were the political poems of the Vormärz and were intended to be more political than artistical. In day-to-day politics, however, Hasenclever was regarded as more moderate than other leading Socialists of the time. Inside the party, one of his most controversial works was the treatise "Der Wahrheit die Ehre.Ein Beitrag zur Judenfrage in Deutschland" ("Truth Honored. A Submission on the Question of Jews in Germany"), which he had published in 1881 under the pen name "<mask>". In it, Hasenclever addressed the racist-antisemitic position of Adolf Stoecker, who had founded the  Christian Social Party (Christlich-soziale Partei) to promote an anti-Semitic agenda politically. However, by criticizing this "movement", which tried to attract and subvert the social democrat voters (with limited success), Hasenclever touched upon the anti-Semitic ressentiments in the worker's movement and showed understanding for their anti-capitalist and anti-intellectual motivations. So, he showed his own latent antisemitical bias, which led to criticism by other leading party members, who saw it as a threat to the official party line of emancipation and assimilation of Jews. Partial bibliography

Über die Beeinflussung des Arbeiterstandes durch die gegenwärtige Presse ("On the Influence of the Current Press on the Working

masks:
Hasenclever
Wilhelm Revel


title: Wilhelm Hasenclever

texts:
 Class"), Heidelberg 1864. Erlebtes - Skizzen und Novellen ("Experiences - Sketches and Novellas"), Leipzig 1877.Erlebtes. Erinnerungen aus dem Soldatenleben 1857 bis 1871 ("Experiences. Recollections of Life as a Soldier 1857 to 1871"), Leipzig 1877. Liebe, Leben, Kampf. Gedichte ("Love, Life, Struggle. Poems. "), Hamburg 1878.Noch einmal Herr Findel und die Socialdemokratie ("Once Again Mister Findel and Social Democracy"), Leipzig 1880. Der Wahrheit die Ehre. Ein Beitrag zur Judenfrage in Deutschland ("Truth Honored. A Submission on the Question of Jews in Germany"), Nuremberg 1881 (published under the pen name <mask>). References
Eduard Bernstein: Die Geschichte der Berliner Arbeiterbewegung.. Berlin 1907. Franz Mehring: Die Geschichte der deutschen Sozialdemokratie. Dietz, Berlin 1898, 1980.Ludger Heid, Klaus-Dieter Vinschen, Elisabeth Heid (publishers): <mask>ver. Reden und Schriften. Dietz, Bonn 1989. Georg Eckert (publisher): <mask>necht. Briefwechsel mit deutschen Sozialdemokraten. 1862 bis 1878. Vol.1. Assen 1973. Ludger Heid: "Pazifist - Patriot - Parlamentarier. <mask>ver in der antimilitaristischen Tradition der deutschen Arbeiterbewegung". In: <mask>ver. Erlebtes., published by Ludger Heid and others. F. Franke, Arnsberg 1987.Anne Roerkohl: <mask>ver. Westfalen im Bild. Bildmediensammlung zur westfäl. Landeskunde. Persönlichkeiten aus Westfalen. Volume 3. Münster 1991.External links

Biographical portrait of <mask>ver by Konrad Beck
Short biography of <mask>ver
The Gotha programme of the SAP on Wikisource

1837 births
1889 deaths
People from Arnsberg
People from the Province of Westphalia
German Protestants
General German Workers' Association politicians
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Members of the 2nd Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 3rd Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 5th Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 6th Reichstag of the German Empire
Members of the 7th Reichstag

masks:
Wilhelm Revel
Wilhelm Hasencle
Wilhelm Liebk
Wilhelm Hasencle
Wilhelm Hasencle
Wilhelm Hasencle
Wilhelm Hasencle
Wilhelm Hasencle


title: Norborne Berkeley (soldier)

texts:
<mask> (March 31, 1828 – January 12, 1911) was a northern Virginia planter who became an officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, and afterward served in the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868 representing Loudoun County. Early and family life
<mask> was the third son of <mask> (1789-1853) and Frances Callendar Noland (1797-1855). He was born near Aldie in Loudoun County, although his father soon built Evergreen manor in nearby Prince William County. He was named after the Virginia governor known as Lord Botetourt, although not a descendant. His siblings were <mask> (1824-1915), <mask> (1826-1907), <mask> (a/k/a Molly; 1830-1897; who married Richard Smith Cox, son of the Georgetown's mayor) and <mask> (1833-1871). After studies at Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia, this <mask> entered the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1848. He had three brothers who also later graduated from VMI, and who served under him during the Civil War in what was sometimes known as the "Berkeley Regiment".He owned a farm "Stoke" in Loudoun County given to him by his father when he reached age 25, and $20,000 in personal property (including 20 slaves) in 1860. <mask> <mask> admitted in his postwar pardon application that he inherited slaves from his father. In 1849 <mask> married Lavinia <mask> (daughter of a distant cousin, Dr. <mask> and granddaughter of Dr. Carter Burwell <mask>). They had four sons who survived their father: Edmund Spottswood <mask> (b. 1859, who later moved to Van Vleck, Texas), <mask> <mask>. (b. 1861, who moved to Pendleton, Oregon), Charles Carter <mask> (who moved to Seattle, Washington), and William Noland <mask> (b. 1867, who moved to Annapolis, Maryland).Confederate service

Before Virginia seceded from the Union in early 1861, <mask> had been training with a local militia company in Loudoun County. Local Commonwealth's attorney Charles Tebbs had organized the unit, but had problems in maintaining discipline, relying on this <mask> for that function. <mask> <mask> received a commission as major

masks:
Norborne Berkeley
Norborne Berkeley
Lewis Berkeley
Edmund Callendar Berkeley
William Noland Berkeley
Mary Lewis Berkeley Cox
Charles Fenton Mercer Berkeley
Norborne Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Berkeley
Hart Berkeley
Edmund Berkeley
Berkeley
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley Jr
Berkeley
Berkeley
Berkeley
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley


title: Norborne Berkeley (soldier)

texts:
 in the unit, which was part of Eppa Hunton's 8th Virginia Infantry. Three of <mask>'s younger brothers also joined, and <mask> convinced her husband to join the Confederate cause and moved their family as well to Aldie, although the many related <mask> families (with their enslaved servants but without their officer fathers/husbands) would move to Hanover, Caroline and Goochland counties during the war. After Tebbs left for desk duty in Richmond, the men of the 8th Virginia elected <mask> <mask> their Lt. Colonel on April 27, 1862. He was promoted to colonel on August 9, 1863 on account of his actions at the Battle of Gettysburg, where he was wounded in the leg and taken prisoner, as were his younger brothers William Noland <mask> and <mask> (his brother Edmund was wounded but not captured).<mask> <mask> was taken to the Point Lookout Prison hospital in Maryland in October 1863. In February 1864 he was moved to Johnson's Island in Ohio, from which he was exchanged for a Union prisoner on March 18, 1864 (as were his younger brothers earlier the same month). However, by October 1864 <mask> <mask> was hospitalized in the Chester hospital. He allegedly received a brevet promotion to brigadier general. He was present at the Howlett Line on January 28, 1865, but resigned on March 2, 1865 due to chronic rheumatism and spent the next weeks in a Richmond hospital. He was paroled on April 24, 1865. Postwar career

After the war, <mask> <mask> returned to Loudoun County, but soon sold his primary plantation, Stoke, to his brother-in-law, pardoned Confederate paymaster Richard Cox, in part to pay off debts, although Cox also had financial problems and would lose both his Georgetown house and Stoke to foreclosure by 1876.Loudoun County voters narrowly (by 100 votes) elected <mask> <mask> and fellow former Confederate and P.O.W. Dr. George E. Plaster (of the 6th Virginia Cavalry) to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1868, over William Williams of Waterford and former Union captain John G. Viall. However, in the next election, <mask> failed to win election

masks:
Berkeley
Molly Berkeley
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Berkeley
Charles Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Berkeley


title: Norborne Berkeley (soldier)

texts:
 as county treasurer, perhaps because of his well-known financial problems. He lost to a Republican running as an independent. Thus, the Conservative party did not sweep Loudoun offices in that election. This <mask> ceased overt political involvement, although he lived at various <mask> family properties in northern Virginia and would briefly teach at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia. Death and legacy

<mask> <mask> died at his brother's Evergreen manor house in Haymarket, Virginia on January 19, 1911.He is buried in the cemetery of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Haymarket. On February 24, 2001 at Mt. Atlas mansion in Haymarket, the Prince William County Historical Commission discovered an undated, postwar manuscript that this <mask> <mask> prepared which concerns the First Battle of Manassas. <mask> <mask>'s prewar manor house, Stoke, still exists today near Aldie, Virginia, and was placed on the Virginia Landmarks register and on the National Register of Historic places in 2015, in part because of its association with him, but mainly for association with prize-winning horticulturalist Eleanor Truax Harris (1868-1937), whose second husband Col. Floyd Harris extensively remodeled the house. Eleanor Truax Harris operated "Berkeley Gardens" early in the 20th century, which used local labor and provided cut flowers for the Washington D.C. market even during the Great Depression. Two other Virginia legal graduates named <mask> <mask> have some historical significance, but are related to Lord Botetourt rather than this Col. <mask> <mask>. <mask> <mask> (1918-1964) was a lawyer and business executive born in Danville, Virginia who became vice-president of Bethlehem Steel in Pennsylvania and who donated his papers to the University of Virginia.His son <mask> <mask>. (1922-2011) also graduated from the University of Virginia Law School and became President of Chemical Bank (later part of J.P. Morgan Chase). Notes

People of Virginia in the American Civil War
1828 births
1911 deaths
Loudoun County in the American Civil War
Confederate States Army

masks:
Berkeley
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley
Norborne
Berkeley Jr


title: Mark Dantonio

texts: <mask> (born March 9, 1956) is a former American football coach and player. He most recently served as the head football coach at Michigan State University, a position he had held from 2007 to 2019, presiding over one of the most successful eras in the program's history. He led the Michigan State Spartans to three Big Ten Conference championships, and eight victories over archrival Michigan in 13 years. In 2013, he coached Michigan State to its first 13-win season and the program's fifth trip to the Rose Bowl, where they defeated Stanford and finished the season ranked No. 3 in the nation. This was the second time a Big Ten team reached the 13-win mark, the previous being Ohio State's national championship season in 2002, where <mask> was the defensive coordinator. The 2013 season also marked the first time a Big Ten team won nine conference games each by double digits.In 2015, <mask> became the first head coach in Big Ten history to achieve at least 11 wins in five of six seasons. On December 6, 2015, <mask>'s Spartans qualified for the College Football Playoff for the first time in the program's history. In 2006, <mask> was hired as the Spartans head coach, returning to the school where he served six years as an assistant coach under Nick Saban and Bobby Williams. Known as a defensive-minded coach, Dantonio led the Spartans to the school's first bowl game win since 2001, in the 2012 Outback Bowl, and the school's first Rose Bowl since 1988 in 2014. <mask>'s Spartans hold the active school record with four consecutive bowl wins. On October 8, 2011, Dantonio signed a contract extension that made him a "Spartan for life." In 2014, he earned the second highest salary among college football coaches, due largely to a retention bonus.On September 21, 2019, with his 110th victory, Dantonio became the winningest head coach in MSU football surpassing Duffy Daugherty. Dantonio had compiled a 110–52 record through

masks:
Mark Justin Dantonio
Dantonio
Dantonio
Dantonio
Dantonio
Dantonio


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 this date at Michigan State, giving him a .691 winning percentage, the highest of any Michigan State football coach since Clarence Munn, who coached the Spartans from 1947 to 1953. On February 4, 2020, Dantonio announced he would be retiring as the head coach of the Michigan State football team after 13 seasons and 114 wins. Early life
<mask> was born in El Paso, Texas, to <mask> and Maryan (née Sonsalla) Dantonio. <mask> is of Italian descent. Dantonio's Grandfather Frank D'antonio moved from Montenerodomo, Italy, to the United States - losing the apostrophe at Ellis Island – in 1912. His father played basketball at Salem University and met his mother while teaching in El Paso.<mask> was the second of four boys. When <mask> was one, the family moved to Zanesville, Ohio, where Justin became the vice principal and basketball coach at Zanesville High School. <mask> was an all-state safety at Zanesville. College career
<mask> attended the University of South Carolina and earned three letters as a defensive back for Coach Jim Carlen for the Gamecocks 1976-78. He earned a bachelor's degree in education from South Carolina in 1979. <mask> later earned a master's degree in education from Ohio University in 1980. Coaching career

Early coaching career
Dantonio began his coaching career at Ohio University, where he was a graduate assistant.In 1981, he made his first stop in the Big Ten Conference when he moved on to Purdue University as a graduate assistant. He spent two years, in 1983 and 1984, as a graduate assistant at Ohio State University  under head coach Earle Bruce. In 1986, he began a five-year stint on Jim Tressel's staff at Youngstown State University as a defensive secondary coach. In 1990, Dantonio led the Penguins' defense to an 11–0 record and a #2 ranking nationally. Glen Mason hired Dantonio in 1991 to be the defensive secondary coach for the Kansas Jayhawks. When Nick Saban was hired at Michigan

masks:
Mark Dantonio
Justin Dantonio
Mark
Mark
Mark
Mark
Dantonio
Dantonio


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 State in 1995, he hired Dantonio to join his staff in East Lansing where he remained even after Saban left for LSU. After Bobby Williams was named head coach in 1999 following Saban's departure, Dantonio was promoted to associate head coach where he remained through the 2000 season.At Ohio State in 2001, Dantonio reunited with his former Youngstown State boss and good friend Jim Tressel when he opted out of East Lansing to serve as defensive coordinator at Ohio State University for three seasons. His defense became known as one of the stingiest in the country. During the Buckeyes' 2002 National Championship season, Ohio State ranked second nationally in scoring defense and third in rushing defense. For his efforts, Dantonio was named a 2002 finalist for the Broyles Award, given annually to the nation's top college football assistant coach. In the 2003 season, his defense ranked number one in the country in rushing defense and ninth in total defense, which led the Buckeyes to an 11–2 record and #4 national ranking. Six Buckeye defenders were named first team All-Big Ten during Dantonio's tenure. Thirteen were drafted into the NFL, including two first round picks in Chris Gamble and Will Smith.Cincinnati (2004–2006)
<mask> was named head coach at Cincinnati on December 23, 2003. He became the first head coach in 23 years to lead the school to a winning season in his first season at UC. The Bearcats' 7–5 record included a 5–3 record in Conference USA, which was good enough for a second-place finish. The Bearcats finished the season on a winning note with a 32–14 win over Marshall in the PlainsCapital Fort Worth Bowl. During <mask>'s time at UC, he led the Bearcats to a bowl game victory and directed the team's transition into the Big East Conference. As head coach, Dantonio had 15 players earn all-conference honors and 25 received conference academic recognition. Michigan State (2007–2020)
<mask> became

masks:
Dantonio
Dantonio
Mark Dantonio


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 the 24th head coach at Michigan State on November 27, 2006.Upon his arrival, Dantonio planned to return the Spartans to a more traditional philosophy on offense and defense, eliminating the spread offense and the "bandit" linebacker/safety position used under previous head coach John L. Smith. 2007 season
Dantonio began his Michigan State career well at Spartan Stadium when on April 21, 2007, Michigan State drew over 25,000 fans to watch the team's spring scrimmage game. The white team, led by sophomore quarterback Connor Dixon, defeated junior quarterback Brian Hoyer and the green team by a score of 21–8. During the game, Dantonio was seen behind the line of scrimmage watching and coaching the action. Dantonio won his first game at Michigan State on September 1, 2007, when the Spartans defeated the UAB Blazers, 55–18. His first season at Michigan State was the school's most successful since 2003. <mask>'s Spartans went 7–5, losing all five games by seven points or fewer, and were bowl eligible for the first time in four years.However, the Spartans lost to Boston College in the Champs Sports Bowl in Orlando on December 28. 2008 season
<mask>'s second season at MSU began with a loss at Cal, after which the Spartans came home and won six straight games against Eastern Michigan, Florida Atlantic, Notre Dame, Indiana, Iowa, and Northwestern. The victories propelled Michigan State into the top 25. Following a lopsided 45–7 loss to the Ohio State Buckeyes, the Spartans beat Michigan, 35–21, winning in Ann Arbor for the first time since 1990. Michigan State won its final two home games against Wisconsin and Purdue before losing to Penn State in Happy Valley. A win against Penn State would have resulted in Michigan State splitting the Big Ten Conference title with Ohio State. The nine regular season wins were Michigan State's most since 1999.Michigan State finished third in the conference and was invited to play

masks: Dantonio Dantonio


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 Georgia in the Capital One Bowl. Michigan State lost the game, 24–12, finishing the season 9–4. 2009 season
<mask>'s third season, 2009, was disappointing in performance and off-the-field issues. The team lost five games (Central Michigan, at Notre Dame, Iowa, at Minnesota, Texas Tech) in which they held the lead in the fourth quarter, leading to a disappointing 6–7 record. 2010 season
On September 19, 2010, just hours after a stunning fake field goal touchdown pass gave MSU a 34–31 overtime victory over Notre Dame, Dantonio checked himself into a hospital after noticing chest pains. He later suffered a heart attack. He had a stent implanted in a blocked artery near his heart.His doctor stated that the damage was minimal and that Dantonio was expected to make a full recovery. Offensive coordinator Don Treadwell became acting head coach while Dantonio recovered. On September 30, after Dantonio had stated that he would be coaching the next game from the press box and just two days before Michigan State played Wisconsin, Dantonio was admitted back into the hospital as a blood clot was found in his leg. Dantonio had to watch the game from his hospital room. He was reportedly released from Sparrow Hospital around noon on October 4, 2010. On October 9, Dantonio coached his first game since his heart attack against rival Michigan. Michigan State won the game, 34–17, in Ann Arbor.The Spartans under <mask> continued to win and on November 20 reached 10–1 on the season, winning all home games for the first time during his tenure. It was just the third time in school history that Michigan State had won 10 or more games in a season, the other two seasons being those of 1965 and 1999. On November 27, 2010, <mask>'s Spartans defeated Penn State 28–22 in Happy Valley to finish the season 11–1 and clinch a share of the Big Ten Championship for the first time since 1990. On December 5, 2010, MSU announced that the

masks: Dantonio Dantonio Dantonio


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 Spartans were selected to play in the Capital One Bowl on January 1, 2011, against Alabama (ranked 15th in the BCS standings). The Spartans lost to the Crimson Tide 49–7 and finished 11–2. 2011 season
In 2011, Michigan State had another successful year. The Spartans beat the Ohio State Buckeyes on the road for the first time since 1998, defeated arch-rival Michigan, and upset #6 Wisconsin on a last-second Hail Mary pass from Kirk Cousins to Keith Nichol.The Spartans finished 10–2 (7–1 in Big Ten play), earning the Legends Division championship and a place in the inaugural Big Ten Championship Game. After coming up just short in a rematch with Wisconsin, MSU was selected to play in the Outback Bowl against the Georgia Bulldogs. <mask> led his team to a triple-overtime victory, his first bowl win at MSU. The Spartans reached the 11-win mark for the second straight season, finishing 11–3. 2012 season
In 2012, <mask> led the Spartans to a 7–6 record and a Buffalo Wild Wings Bowl win against Texas Christian University. The season started with promise, when preseason #13 Michigan State beat #24 Boise State; but two games later, the #10 Spartans lost to No. 20 Notre Dame, and went on to suffer four home losses in Big Ten play.The defense finished ninth in FBS points allowed, giving up just 16.3 points per game, but the offense struggled to score in several games. MSU lost a 12–10 decision to Michigan, despite the defense keeping the Wolverines out of the end zone the entire game. In May 2013, four months after the end of the 2012 season, <mask> filmed himself at the Rose Bowl, predicting a successful 2013. 2013 season
In 2013, <mask>'s team finished 11–1 in the regular season, including notable victories over Michigan (29–6) and Nebraska (41–28) to secure the third and final Legends Division title. On December 7, 2013, Michigan State, ranked #10 at the time of the game, defeated second-ranked Ohio State 34–24

masks: Dantonio Dantonio Dantonio Dantonio


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 in the Big Ten Championship Game in Indianapolis. The win snapped Ohio State's 24-game winning streak and sent Michigan State to its first Rose Bowl since the 1987–88 season. Michigan State was ranked #4 in the final BCS standings, its highest rank since the BCS's inception.The Spartans defeated the fifth-ranked Stanford Cardinal 24–20 in the 100th Rose Bowl Game on January 1, 2014. <mask> was named Big Ten Football Coach of the Year. 2014 season
In 2014, the Spartans finished the regular season 10–2, finishing second in the East division with a 7–1 record and ranked #8 in the nation. After losing to third-ranked Oregon in the season's second game, the Spartans reeled off nine wins in their next 10 games. The Spartans earned a bid to the Goodyear Cotton Bowl Classic, part of the New Year's Six bowls, and rallied from 20 points down in the fourth quarter to defeat fifth-ranked Baylor 42–41 and finish the season with an overall record of 11–2. The two losses came against Oregon and Ohio State, the teams that would play in the 2015 College Football Playoff National Championship. After the Cotton Bowl game, Dantonio said "It's a feeling of belief in each other, and that's what we have.We don't give up on each other. Consequently, they don't give up in the game. We just keep playing hard. And that's what we've been able to accomplish." 2015 season
The 2015 season included an unlikely 17–14 road win against then-#2 Ohio State, in which the Spartans played without starting quarterback Connor Cook. With the game tied at 14 in the final seconds, Michael Geiger kicked a 41-yard field goal as time expired. This season was also known for its game-changing touchdown following a botched punt on the final play of the Michigan game, giving MSU a shocking 27–23 victory.MSU also defeated Oregon and Penn State to finish the regular season with an 11–1 record, winning the East division with a 7–1 record. Michigan State went


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 on to beat an undefeated Iowa team in the Big Ten Championship Game, and ended the season ranked #3 in the nation. The #3 ranking earned the Spartans a spot in the NCAA College Football Playoff and the right to play #2 ranked Alabama on New Year's Eve for a spot in the Championship game. They lost to eventual National Champion Alabama in the semi-final game (Cotton Bowl), 38–0. 2015 capped a six year stretch in which Michigan State went 65-16, the zenith of <mask>'s tenure. 2016 season

In 2016, the Spartans had their worst season under Dantonio, going 1–8 in Big Ten play and finishing the season at 3–9, the program's worst overall record in more than 30 years. 2017 season
The 2017 season featured upset wins over then-#7 Penn State at home and then-#7 Michigan on the road.Dantonio moved to 8–3 all-time against in-state rival Michigan, as the Spartans forced five turnovers and defeated the Wolverines 14–10 in Ann Arbor. They finished the regular season at #16 in the CFP rankings and second in the B1G East Division (7–2). The Spartans were selected to play the 9–3 Washington State Cougars in the Holiday Bowl on December 28. The Spartans routed the Cougars, 42–17, to finish the season 10–3, giving <mask> his sixth season of 10+ wins at MSU. 2018 season
Michigan State started the season ranked #11 in the AP Top 25 Poll. They avoided an upset by unranked Utah State in the first game of the season, with a late interception from junior linebacker Joe Bachie preserving a 38–31 victory. In the Spartans' second game of the season they would fall to Arizona State 16-13.Falling back in the polls, Michigan State then defeated Indiana 35–21. The following week <mask>'s team beat Central Michigan 31–20 in their last non-conference game of the season. Michigan State was then upset at home by Northwestern 29–19 the following week, sending them out of the AP top 25. The following week, the Spartans traveled to play a top


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 10 team in Penn State. Despite being heavy underdogs, Michigan State stunned Penn State with a last second touchdown pass to win 21–17. On October 20, Michigan State hosted Michigan, and the Wolverine defense overpowered Michigan State 21–7. The following week, the Spartans would rebound to beat Purdue by a score of 23–13.MSU then traveled to Maryland and dominated the Terps 27–3. After the win, MSU came home and lost to Ohio State, 26–6, before traveling to Lincoln and losing to Nebraska, 9–6. In the final game of the season, the Spartans narrowly defeated Rutgers by a score of 14–10. MSU finished the regular season 7–5, and went on to lose to Oregon in the Redbox Bowl, 7–6. The 2018 season featured a number of low-scoring games as MSU's stout defense, ranked in the national top ten in six categories, was offset by an oft-struggling offense that finished in the bottom 20 nationally in six categories. 2019 season
Despite anemic offensive production in 2018 with scoring offense (18.7 points per game) that ranked 125th out of 129 teams, Dantonio resisted major restructuring of his offense but instead chose to reshuffle the offensive staffs in 2019. Brad Salem, the QB coach in 2018 was promoted to offensive coordinator while Dave Warner and Jim Bollman, the co-offensive coordinators in 2018, were reassigned to be the QB coach and O-line coach respectively.After winning its first two games, Michigan State was ranked #18 in the AP Poll. However, in their third game they fell 10–7 at home to Arizona State. The Spartans had appeared to tie the game with a last-second field goal, but they were penalized for having 12 players on the field and forced to attempt the field goal again from five yards further, which they missed. The following week, MSU defeated Northwestern 31–10 to open its B1G schedule. This gave <mask> his 110th win as Spartans head coach, surpassing Duffy Daugherty for the most football wins in


title: Mark Dantonio

texts:
 school history. After defeating Indiana to improve to 4–1, the Spartans' season took a major downturn, losing five games to Ohio State (34–10), Wisconsin (38–0), Penn State (28–7) Illinois (37–34) and Michigan (44–10) consecutively. Against Illinois, the Spartans blew a 28–3 lead in first half and were outscored 27–3 in the fourth quarter at home.The following week at Michigan, the Spartans took an early 7–0 lead in the first quarter but were outscored 44–3 in the final three quarters. In their 12 losses over the 2018-2019 seasons, the Spartans were outscored 139–13 in the fourth quarter. MSU defeated Rutgers (27–0) and Maryland (19–16) in its final two regular season games to finish at 6–6 and achieve bowl eligibility. The 2019 season concluded on December 27 with a 27–21 win over Wake Forest in the Pinstripe Bowl, giving Dantonio his second consecutive 7–6 season. On February 4, 2020, <mask> announced he was retiring as head coach. He left the Michigan State football program as its all-time winningest coach with a record of 114–57 and a .667 winning percentage. Personal life

<mask> married his wife, Becky, in 1990.The couple's two daughters, Kristen and Lauren, attended Michigan State. <mask> is a devout Roman Catholic. Head coaching record

*Departed for Michigan State before the Bowl

Coaching tree
 Don Treadwell: Miami (OH) (2011–2013)
 Pat Narduzzi: Pittsburgh (2015–present)
 Dan Enos: Central Michigan (2010–2014)

References

External links

 Michigan State profile

1956 births
Living people
American football defensive backs
Butler Grizzlies football coaches
Cincinnati Bearcats football coaches
Kansas Jayhawks football coaches
Michigan State Spartans football coaches
Ohio State Buckeyes football coaches
South Carolina Gamecocks football players
Youngstown State Penguins football coaches
Players of American football from El Paso, Texas
Sportspeople from Zanesville, Ohio
Catholics from

masks:
Mark Dantonio
Mark Dantonio
Dantonio


title: Yvonne Maldonado

texts:
<mask>Bonnie<mask> is an American physician, pediatrician, and Professor of Pediatrics and of Health Research and Policy at Stanford University, with a focus on Infectious Diseases. She founded Stanford's pediatric HIV Clinic and now serves as Stanford University School of Medicine's Senior Associate Dean of Faculty Development and Diversity. Early life
Raised in Los Angeles, <mask> is the daughter of Mexican immigrants and was the first in her family to attend college. <mask> received her bachelor's degree from University of California, Los Angeles. She then attended Stanford University School of Medicine, where she received her Doctor of Medicine degree in 1981. She then performed her residency in pediatrics at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where she remained for her fellowship in pediatric infectious diseases. Career
Following her residency she joined the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Officer in the mid-1980s at the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States.There, she became interested in how to prevent the spread of HIV infection from mothers to their babies, particularly in developing countries. In 1988, she became a professor of pediatrics at Stanford University, where she started the pediatric HIV Clinic. Leadership and service
Maldonado has contributed her expertise to governmental policy, serving on the National Vaccine Advisory Committee through the United States Department of Health and Human Services and as a member of Governor Gavin Newsom's California Initiative to Advance Precision Medicine Advisory Council. She is the Chair of the committee on infectious diseases at the American Academy of Pediatrics and serves as a Senior Fellow at the Stanford Center for Innovation in Global Health. She is also an advocate for diversity, equity, and inclusion, serving as Stanford's Associate Dean of Faculty Development and Diversity since May 2014, succeeding Hannah Valantine. Research
Her research focuses on the epidemiology and prevention of infectious diseases, such as rotavirus,

masks:
Yvonne "
" Maldonado
Maldonado
Maldonado


title: Yvonne Maldonado

texts:
 increasing immunization, <mask> and her colleagues have also advocated for interventions to combat misinformation and address vaccine hesitancy. COVID-19 response
<mask> and her team have been involved in many of the studies at Stanford University seeking to understand the biology and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2. She has worked on a study of the accuracy of three different self-administered nasal swab techniques, which would allow individuals to test themselves for infection without the need to come to the hospital. In the meantime, she has spoken of the importance of drive-through COVID-19 testing, which Stanford implemented to minimize the risk of spreading the disease at hospitals.She also launched a study to understand how COVID-19 is transmitted within a household. Adults who come into the hospital for COVID-19 were asked to perform at-home nose swab tests, along with all members of their household, as well as keep a symptom log to understand when infection is spread and whether that spread occurs before or after symptoms have disappeared. Her team also worked to develop and implement an antibody test to determine if someone had contracted COVID-19; the test was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in early April 2020. Awards and honors

 Epidemic Intelligence Service Alumni Award, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1989
 Multicultural Alumni Hall of Fame, Stanford University, 2001
RISE (Reach, Inspire, Serve and Engage) Alumni Award, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2018

References

21st-century American women physicians
American women epidemiologists
American epidemiologists
COVID-19 researchers
American pediatricians
Stanford University alumni
Stanford University faculty
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
HIV/AIDS researchers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American medical researchers
21st-century American physicians
Women pediatricians
American academics of Mexican descent
21st-century American women scientists
Women medical researchers
Scientists from California
Physicians from

masks: Maldonado Maldonado


title: John Lester

texts:
<mask> (August 1, 1871September 3, 1969) was an American cricketer, active in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. <mask> was one of the Philadelphian cricketers who played from the end of the 19th century until the outbreak of World War I. His obituary in Wisden Cricketers' Almanack, described him as "one of the great figures in American cricket." During his career, he played in 53 matches for the Philadelphians, 47 of which are considered first class. From 1897 until his retirement in 1908, <mask> led the batting averages in Philadelphia and captained all the international home matches. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Penrith in Cumberland, England in 1871. He began playing cricket at a very young age.He was playing a game in Yorkshire in 1892 when he met Dr. Isaac Sharpless. Sharpless was the president of Haverford College, and invited him to the United States to attend the school. In his early days as a student in Cumberland's Ackworth School, he had been described as a "very indifferent batsman". It was only after entering Haverford that he developed his batting style. As a student at Haverford, <mask> excelled as an athlete and a scholar and played football, track, tennis, and soccer. During his freshman year, he averaged 100.5 runs per innings. <mask> also won the Cope Bat every year during his time at Haverford.In his final season with the school in 1896, he scored 1,185 total runs and took 40 wickets for averages of 79 and 23.2, respectively. He also captained Haverford on their first overseas tour, scoring 105 against the MCC on his first appearance at Lord's. On this tour, he created a great impression with an average of over 84 and prepared himself for the Philadelphian's tour of England the following year. Tour of England in 1897
The tour undertaken by the Philadelphian cricketers was very ambitious. Though the results might have been less satisfactory than hoped for by its promoters, the tour was arranged mainly for educational purposes and few of those on the American side expected to win many matches.

masks:
John Ashby Lester
Lester
Lester
Lester
Lester
Lester


title: John Lester

texts:
 Previous tours had tended to involve amateur English sides as opponents, with a low level of competition. In 1897 a schedule was prepared including all of the top county cricket teams, the Oxford and Cambridge University teams, the Marylebone Cricket Club, and two other sides, though only a few of the counties thought it worthwhile to put their best elevens onto the field.Starting on June 7 at Oxford, the tour lasted for two months and ended in late July at The Oval. While it initially aroused some curiosity, many English fans lost interest until <mask> and the Philadelphians met the full Sussex team at Brighton on June 17. Behind a dominant bowling performance by Bart King,  <mask> helped to seal the victory with his batting. In the first innings, <mask> and King were partners in a fourth-wicket stand of 107, with <mask> top-scoring with 92. He continued in the second innings with 34 not out. Despite the excitement surrounding <mask>'s and King's performances, the Americans did not fare well overall. Fifteen matches were played, but only two were won, while the team lost nine and earned a draw in four.The other win came against Warwickshire. During this match at Edgbaston, <mask> scored 35 runs in the first innings and 67 in the second. <mask> was the best batsmen on the Philadelphian side; beginning with 72 not out in his first match, he kept up his form all through the tour, scoring 891 runs for an average 37.12. Several counties offered him contracts to play in England. Tours of England in 1903 and 1908
<mask> was chosen to captain the Philadelphians in 1903 and 1908 on their tours to England. Against Leicestershire in August 1903, <mask> made his highest score in first-class cricket. In the first innings, he made 126 not out, and this was followed by a respectable 64 in the second innings.His batting on this tour so impressed the critics that he was called the "one batsman (among the Philadelphians) who may almost (be) described as great" and that he "would soon be one of the greatest men of his day"
In his last first-class

masks:
John Lester
Lester
Lester
Lester
Lester
Lester
Lester
John Lester
Lester


title: John Lester

texts:
 match on the 1908 tour, <mask> posted a score of 34 in the first innings, but was dismissed LBW for nought in the second innings. He did manage to take 4 wickets in the Philadelphians' loss to Kent. Legacy and later life

<mask> helped to lift Philadelphia cricket to the highest levels of international play with his leadership and understanding of the sport. He is one of the few American cricketers noted in Cricket Scores and Biographies, which said that he was "a watchful batsman who could hit well and had plenty of strokes and strong defence." In 1951 he authored A Century of Philadelphia Cricket, which was a definitive history of the game in the area. <mask> was also integral in the foundation of the C.C. Morris Cricket Library when he proposed in 1964 that cricket, "with a history and literature second to none should be given a permanent home in the United States."In 1969, he made his final public appearance at a cricket function when the library was opened at Haverford. <mask> received his PhD in education from Harvard University in 1902 and for many years was head of the English department at The Hill School in Pottstown, Pennsylvania and served as a university professor. He died in 1969 and as a lasting memorial, the pavilion at Cope Field is named in his honor. Teams

International
United States of America (in two non-first-class matches against Canada, one in 1901 and one in 1906)

USA first-class
Philadelphia

Philadelphia club
Merion

Publications
Essays of Yesterday and Today. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1943. A Century of Philadelphia Cricket. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951.References

External links

1871 births
1969 deaths
Cricketers from Philadelphia
Philadelphian cricketers
American academics
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
Haverford Fords men's soccer players
People from Penrith, Cumbria
English emigrants to the United States
American cricketers
The Hill School faculty
Association footballers not categorized by position
Association football players not categorized by

masks:
Lester
John Lester
Lester
Lester


title: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

texts: <mask>-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr.; April 16, 1947) is an American former professional basketball player who played 20 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Milwaukee Bucks and the Los Angeles Lakers. During his career as a center, Abdul-Jabbar was a record six-time NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP), a record 19-time NBA All-Star, a 15-time All-NBA selection, and an 11-time NBA All-Defensive Team member. A member of six NBA championship teams as a player and two more as an assistant coach, Abdul-Jabbar twice was voted NBA Finals MVP. He was named to the league's 35th, 50th and 75th anniversary teams. NBA coach Pat Riley and players Isiah Thomas and Julius Erving called him the greatest basketball player of all time. With him on the team, parochial high school Power Memorial, in New York City, won 71 consecutive basketball games. He was recruited by Jerry Norman, the assistant coach at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he played for coach John Wooden on three consecutive national championship teams.He was a record three-time MVP of the NCAA Tournament. Drafted with the first overall pick by the one-season-old Bucks franchise in the 1969 NBA draft, Alcindor spent six seasons in Milwaukee. After leading the Bucks to its first NBA championship at age 24 in 1971, he took the Muslim name Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. Using his trademark "skyhook" shot, he established himself as one of the league's top scorers. In 1975, he was traded to the Lakers, with whom he played the final 14 seasons of his career in which they won five


title: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

texts: forward, he wanted to be called by his Muslim name, <mask> Abdul-Jabbar (, Karīm Abd al-Jabbār), its translation roughly "noble one, servant of the Almighty [i.e., servant of Allah]". Abdul-Jabbar remained a dominant force for the Bucks. The following year, he repeated as scoring champion (34.8 ppg and 2,822 total points) and became the first player to be named the NBA Most Valuable Player twice in his first three years. In 1974, Abdul-Jabbar led the Bucks to their fourth consecutive Midwest Division title, and he won his third MVP Award in four years. He was among the top five NBA players in scoring (27.0 ppg, third), rebounding (14.5 rpg, fourth), blocked shots (283, second), and field goal percentage (.539, second). Robertson, who became a free agent in the offseason, retired in September 1974 after he was unable to agree on a contract with the Bucks. On October 3, Abdul-Jabbar privately requested a trade to the New York Knicks, with his second choice being the Washington Bullets (now the Wizards) and his third, the Los Angeles Lakers.He had never spoken negatively of the city of Milwaukee or its fans, but he said that being in the Midwest did not fit his cultural needs. Two days later in a pre-season game before the 1974–75 season against the Boston Celtics in Buffalo, New York, Abdul-Jabbar caught a fingernail in his left eye from Don Nelson and suffered a corneal abrasion; this angered him enough to punch the backboard stanchion, breaking two bones in his right hand. He missed the first 16 games of the season, during which the Bucks were 3–13, and returned


title: Kareem Abdul-Jabbar

texts:
 Brazil to promote education for local youths. President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition
Former President Barack Obama announced in his last days of office that he has appointed Abdul-Jabbar along with Gabrielle Douglas and Carli Lloyd to the President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition. Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee
In January 2017, Abdul-Jabbar was appointed to the Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee by United States Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin. According to the United States Mint, Abdul-Jabbar is a keen coin collector whose interest in the life of Alexander Hamilton had led him into the hobby. He resigned in 2018 due to what the Mint described as "increasing personal obligations". Personal life

Abdul-Jabbar met Habiba Abdul-Jabbar (born Janice Brown) at a Lakers game during his senior year at UCLA. They eventually married and together had three children: daughters Habiba and Sultana and son <mask> Jr., who played basketball at Western Kentucky after attending Valparaiso.Abdul-Jabbar and Janice divorced in 1978. He has another son, Amir, with Cheryl Pistono. Another son, Adam, made an appearance on the TV sitcom Full House with him. In 2016, Abdul-Jabbar performed a tribute to friend Muhammad Ali along with Chance the Rapper. Religion and name
At age 24 in 1971, he converted to Islam and became Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, which means "noble one, servant of the Almighty." He was named by Hamaas Abdul Khaalis. Abdul-Jabbar purchased and donated 7700 16th Street NW, a house in Washington, D.C., for Khaalis to use as the Hanafi


title: Rupert Downes

texts: Major General <mask>,  (10 February 1885 – 5 March 1945) was an Australian soldier, general, surgeon and historian in the first half of the 20th century. <mask> attended the University of Melbourne, graduating with his medical degrees in 1907. He returned to the university to pursue a Doctor of Medicine degree, which was awarded in 1911. The son of British Army officer Major <mask>, <mask> joined the Army as a trumpeter while he was still at school. He was commissioned as a captain in the Australian Army Medical Corps in 1908, and joined the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in 1914 as its youngest lieutenant colonel. He served in the Gallipoli campaign, and was appointed Assistant Director of Medical Services (ADMS) of the newly formed ANZAC Mounted Division in 1916, which he combined with the post of ADMS AIF Egypt. In 1917, he became Deputy Director of Medical Services (DDMS) of the Desert Mounted Corps.After the war, he wrote articles on medical aspects of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, and the section on the campaign for the official history. Returning to Australia, <mask> became an honorary consulting surgeon at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and honorary surgeon at Prince Henry's Hospital. He became a foundation fellow of the College of Surgeons of Australasia in 1927, and president of the Victorian branch of the British Medical Association in 1935. He lectured on medical ethics at the University of Melbourne, writing the course textbook. He was also Victorian State Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, which he led for 25 years, and was president of the St John Ambulance Association

masks:
Rupert Major Downes
Downes
Francis Downes
Downes
Downes


title: Rupert Downes

texts:
 for eight years. In 1934 <mask> became Director General of Medical Services, the Australian Army's most senior medical officer, with the rank of major general. He oversaw the construction of major military hospitals in the capital cities.In 1944 he accepted a commission to edit the medical series volumes of the Official History of Australia in the War of 1939–1945 but was never able to do so as he was killed in a plane crash in 1945. Education and early life
<mask> <mask> was born on 10 February 1885 in Mitcham, South Australia. He was the youngest of fifteen children of Colonel Major <mask>—a British Army officer—and his wife Helen Maria, formerly Chamberlin, only five of whom survived to adulthood. After service in the Crimean War, Colonel <mask> served as commandant of the Colonial forces of South Australia and Victoria and retired with the rank of major general in the Australian Army in 1902. <mask> was educated at Haileybury, Melbourne as a boarding student. In March 1901, at the age of 16, he joined the Victorian Horse Artillery (St Kilda Battery), a part-time volunteer militia unit, as a trumpeter. In May 1901 he served in this capacity at the opening of the inaugural Parliament of Australia by The Duke of Cornwall and York at the Royal Exhibition Building.In 1903, <mask> became a medical student at the University of Melbourne. A good result in his first year examinations earned him a residential scholarship to Ormond College, and he graduated with the double degree of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) in 1907. Soon after graduation, <mask> enlisted in the Militia. He was commissioned as a captain in the Australian Army Medical

masks:
Downes
Rupert Major
Downes
Francis Downes
Francis Downes
Rupert
Downes
Downes


title: Rupert Downes

texts:
 Corps on 1 July 1908 and was promoted to major on 26 March 1913. He served his residency at Melbourne Hospital and became a general practitioner in Malvern, Victoria, but soon returned to the university to pursue a doctorate. His Doctor of Medicine (MD) thesis, entitled "The anatomical relations of the Thymus, especially considered in regard to thymic death with an account of cases of abnormality", was accepted in 1911. He also did the coursework for a Master of Surgery (MS), and this degree was conferred in 1912.<mask> married Doris Mary Robb on 20 November 1913 at St John's Church, Toorak, Victoria. They had three children: Rosemary Major, born in 1914; Valerie Major, born in March 1918; and <mask> Major, born in 1922. First World War
<mask> joined the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on 2 October 1914, assuming command of the 2nd Light Horse Field Ambulance with the rank of lieutenant colonel—making him the youngest officer of that rank in the AIF at the time. Soon after his taking command, the unit was renamed the 3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance. After training at the Broadmeadows Army Camp near Melbourne, the unit embarked for Egypt on the transport Chilka on 2 February 1915. The 3rd Light Horse Field Ambulance departed Alexandria for Gallipoli on 17 May 1915. It moved to Lemnos in June, where it operated a hospital, but returned to ANZAC Cove for the August offensive.<mask> missed this operation, as he remained on Lemnos supervising the hospital until he returned to Anzac on 11 August. He remained with his unit until 13 November, when he departed for Lemnos and then Egypt. After the evacuation of Gallipoli, <mask> was appointed Assistant Director of

masks:
Downes
John Rupert
Downes
Downes
Downes


title: Rupert Downes

texts: Medical Services (ADMS) of the newly formed ANZAC Mounted Division on 15 March 1916. He was given the temporary rank of colonel, before substantive promotion on 20 February 1917. <mask> combined this post with that of ADMS AIF Egypt from 6 September 1916. <mask> therefore had to travel back and forth to Cairo. In November 1916, a Deputy ADMS was appointed to assist him.Medically speaking, the health of the Anzac Mounted Division was remarkably good, but the Sinai Peninsula still had its challenges—especially for medical officers unfamiliar with conditions in the Middle East. The Battle of Romani revealed the importance of transportation in an area with few roads. A poorly organised casualty evacuation effort caused a great deal of preventable hardship and suffering for the wounded, and resulted in a number of avoidable deaths. An inquiry into the matter was held after the battle, at which <mask> was called to testify. The Commander in Chief if the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF), General Sir Archibald Murray, declined to assign blame to any individual, but implemented the inquiry's recommendations for improving the casualty evacuation process. There was also the heat, and the problem of supplying adequate quantities of potable water. Diseases included cholera, typhus and bilharzia.To combat these, <mask> obtained the services of the Lieutenant Colonel Charles James Martin,  and created the Anzac Field Laboratory to investigate these diseases. As a result of aggressively tackling the problem, <mask> reduced rates of disease among Australian and New Zealand troops well below those of British troops serving alongside them. Martin advanced the notion that

masks: Downes Downes Downes Downes Downes


title: Rupert Downes

texts: heat exhaustion and heat stroke were not the result of defective evaporation, as had previously been believed, but simply a matter of failing to drink enough water. He in turn converted Downes to the belief that "provided water is available in adequate amount the heat mechanism of the body can defy all ordinary climatic ranges of temperature even under conditions of hard work." With so many people and horses, sanitation was a challenge, and discipline in this area was initially slack, as it had been with disastrous results at Gallipoli. <mask> took measures to improve the situation. Although not normally one to engage in disputes, <mask> repeatedly clashed with the British medical officers of the EEF, especially the DMS EEF, Colonel Alfred  Keble, whose attitudes <mask> regarded as endangering his troops.Doris travelled to Egypt to visit her husband in March 1917. By June, <mask> was becoming increasingly immersed in preparations for the Third Battle of Gaza and Doris, who had become pregnant during her visit, decided to return home. On her return journey to Australia in June 1917, her ship, the P&O liner Mongolia struck a mine and was sunk in the Indian Ocean with the loss of 23 lives. Doris spent 11 hours in a crowded lifeboat, before being rescued by a passing steamer, which took her to Bombay. From there she eventually made her way back to Australia via Singapore and Batavia. In 1918 Doris was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for her volunteer work among soldiers' families as secretary of the Friendly Union of Soldiers' Wives and Mothers. On 10 August 1917, <mask> became Deputy Director of Medical Services (DDMS) of the

masks: Downes Downes Downes Rupert Downes


title: Rupert Downes

texts: Desert Mounted Corps, while still retaining the post of ADMS AIF Egypt.He was therefore answerable to three superiors—to Lieutenant General Harry Chauvel, the commander of the Desert Mounted Corps and AIF Egypt; to Major General Neville Howse, the DMS AIF in London; and to the new British DMS EEF, Major General William Travers Swan. As the EEF advanced into Palestine, the major medical problem remained transportation. During the operations in the Es Salt area, <mask> experimented with the delivery of drugs and medical supplies by air. In the Jordan valley in 1918, however, <mask> was confronted with an epidemic of malaria and vigorous preventative and prophylactic efforts were required in order to bring it under control. In October 1918, with victory near, <mask> was confronted by his most serious medical crisis. Damascus contained over 3,000 sick and wounded Turkish soldiers, many of them in appalling condition. <mask> appointed the DADMS of the Australian Mounted Division, Major W. Evans, as Principal Medical Officer of Damascus, and gave him orders to organise the medical arrangements, bury the dead and provide care for the living.The task was made more difficult by the poor communications and transport shortages, which hampered the delivery of supplies and evacuation of the hospitals; by shortages of medical units; and by the actions of Lieutenant Colonel T. E. Lawrence, who was more concerned with establishing the political authority of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca over Damascus. At this point the Desert Mounted Corps itself began to experience epidemic diseases, particularly of bronchopneumonia, cholera and malaria, putting the medical services

masks: Downes Downes Downes Downes


title: Rupert Downes

texts:
 under enormous pressure. Through extraordinary measures, including the diversion of lighthorsemen and motor vehicles to medical units, <mask> managed to evacuate the sick to Beirut, and the crisis abated. For his service in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, <mask> was mentioned in despatches four times, and was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George on 1 January 1918. His citation read:

Interwar years
Returning to Australia, <mask> was discharged from the AIF, but remained in the Army as a reservist. He became an honorary consulting surgeon at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne and Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and honorary surgeon at Prince Henry's Hospital. He was a founding fellow of the College of Surgeons of Australasia in 1927, and became president of the Victorian branch of the British Medical Association in 1935.He established a reputation as one of Melbourne's leading paediatric surgeons, but found himself in disagreement with certain medical practices then in vogue. In a 1922 paper published in the Medical Journal of Australia, he examined 100 cases of tonsillectomy in children, and concluded that the majority of them were unnecessary. It would be another four decades before the medical profession in Australia accepted this. He lectured on medical ethics at the University of Melbourne from the late 1930s until his death in 1945, and wrote a course textbook on the subject, entitled Medical Ethics, which was published in 1942. In addition to his medical writings, <mask> wrote a book-length section on the Sinai and Palestine campaign for Volume I of the Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services in


title: Rupert Downes

texts: the War of 1914–1918 in the late 1920s under the direction of Medical Series editor Graham Butler. The two men had discussed the prospect during a visit Butler made to Egypt in 1918 to inspect the medical records of the AIF, and again in France in 1919. <mask> published an article in the Journal of the British Army Medical Corps entitled "The Tactical Employment of the Medical Services in a Cavalry Corps" in 1926, which was expanded into one of the chapters of the Official History.<mask>' manuscript proved too long for the proposed book, and was extensively edited by Butler before it was published in 1930. <mask> was instrumental in supporting Butler's Medical Series and helped obtain the funding necessary to complete the project. <mask> was chairman of the Masseurs' Registration Board, a councillor of the Victorian division of the Australian Red Cross, and chairman of the Red Cross National Council. He was Victorian State Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade for 25 years. He was also president of the St John Ambulance Association for eight years, and chairman of the Victorian Civil Ambulance Service from 1937 to 1938. In 1930, he was appointed a Commander of the Venerable Order of Saint John, and later became a Knight of Grace of the order in 1937. At the same time, Doris became an Officer of the Order of Saint John, in recognition for her fund raising efforts for the Victorian branch.She also later served as a member of its council from 1942 to 1953. <mask> was instrumental in persuading the various state branches to come together as a national organisation, arguing that without a national body, the organisation would be eclipsed by the Red


title: Rupert Downes

texts: Cross. In 1930, <mask>' son John, then in his first year as a boarder at Geelong Grammar School, fell seriously ill with meningitis. Despite the best efforts of two eminent medical practitioners, Dr Keith Fairley and Dr Reginald Webster, John succumbed to toxaemia and died in 1933, at the age of 10. The failure of modern medicine to save his son affected <mask> deeply, and led him to abandon his medical career in favour of a military one. <mask> remained in the Army throughout the inter-war period. He became a colonel in the Australian Army Medical Corps on 8 January 1920.He was DDMS of the 3rd Military District (Victoria) from 1 July 1921 to 26 June 1933, and Officer in Charge of Voluntary Aid Detachments from 1 July 1921 to 15 March 1940. He also served as head of the medical services of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). Although the RAAF had become a separate service in 1921, the Minister for Defence decided in 1927 that the Army's Director General of Medical Services should be responsible for the administration of the RAAF's medical services. In this capacity, <mask> was answerable to the Air Board. In addition, he was honorary surgeon to the Governor General of Australia from 1 July 1927 to 30 June 1931. On 20 August 1934 <mask> became Director General of Medical Services (DGMS), a full-time post and the Army's most senior medical officer. His priority was a recruiting campaign to increase the number of medical professionals in the Army.The Munich Crisis caused people to believe that another war was imminent, and an Army-wide recruiting campaign led by Major General Sir Thomas Blamey doubled the size of the Army from 35,000 in 1938 to 70,000 in


title: Rupert Downes

texts:
 1939. <mask>' efforts at recruiting were far more modest. In 1934, there were 299 part-time officers in the AAMC; by 1939 there were 394, and increase of only 32 per cent. This included 320 medical practitioners, 37 dentists and 13 pharmacists. <mask> was acutely aware that a large Army would require mobilisation of the country's doctors, and pushed for all doctors to be prepared for either military service or direction by civil authorities. He presided over a major effort to stockpile drugs and medical equipment required for a mobilisation. With the help of the Department of Health and the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, most of this was delivered by July 1939.In 1939, <mask> began a tour of military and other medical centres in India, the Middle East, the United Kingdom, France, the United States and Canada. While in London, he arranged for Doris and Valerie to be formally presented to the King and Queen at Buckingham Palace by Ethel Bruce, the wife of Stanley Bruce, the Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. <mask> foresaw a major war, fought in the islands to the north of Australia. While in London, he took steps to obtain the services as consultants of two eminent Australian physicians, the surgeon Sir Thomas Dunhill and Neil Hamilton Fairley, an expert on tropical diseases. The outbreak of the Second World War caused <mask> to curtail the North American leg of his tour, and return to Australia in October 1939. Second World War

<mask>, in his role as DGMS, pressed for the construction of major military hospitals in the capital cities. He argued that, after the war, they should be handed over to the Repatriation Commission for the care of

masks: Downes Downes Downes Downes Downes Downes