title: Count Campau

texts:
 reconsidered and reported for his umpiring assignment the next day. It is unknown how many more games <mask> umpired, but his umpiring career ended in 1906. Later years
After his baseball career ended, <mask> became involved in the horse racing business. Between 1906 and 1910, he handled the finances of horse racing tracks in Texas, Havana, Seattle, Jacksonville, Florida, and Salt Lake City. He later moved to New Orleans, where he worked as a "clerk of scales and placing judge" at local race tracks. <mask> died in New Orleans in 1938 at age 74. He was interred at Metairie Cemetery.See also

List of Major League Baseball player-managers

References

External links

Major League Baseball outfielders
Major League Baseball player-managers
Detroit Wolverines players
St. Louis Browns (AA) players
St. Louis Browns (AA) managers
Washington Senators (1891–1899) players
Minor league baseball managers
Erie (minor league baseball) players
London Cockneys players
New Orleans Pelicans (baseball) players
Savannah (minor league baseball) players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Detroit Wolverines (minor league) players
Troy Trojans (minor league) players
Columbus Reds players
Wilkes-Barre Coal Barons players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Detroit Creams players
Detroit Tigers (Western League) players
Seattle Yannigans players
Seattle Rainmakers players
Grand Rapids Bob-o-links players
Minneapolis Millers (baseball) players
St. Paul Apostles players
St. Paul Saints (Western League) players
Rochester Bronchos players
Binghamton Bingoes players
University of Notre Dame alumni
19th-century baseball players
American people of French-Canadian descent
Baseball players from

masks: Campau Campau Campau


title: Lene Rachel Andersen

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born May 15, 1968), Danish author, indie publisher, economist, futurist, and philosopher. She was born and raised in Taastrup, a suburb west of Copenhagen, Denmark. Her first books were the series Baade-Og, her latest books are The Nordic Secret (2017), Metamodernity (2019) and Bildung (2020). In 2018, <mask> co-founded the Copenhagen based think-tank Nordic Bildung and the folk-Bildung association Fremvirke. In 2019, she was the main initiator of European Bildung Day and in 2020 the co-founder of the European Bildung Network. Since January 2019, <mask> is a member of the Club of Rome. Biography
From age 16, <mask> produced radio programs and wrote scripts for radio- and television satire.After studying business economy for three years, <mask> worked as a temp teacher and a temp secretary for two years before she studied theology for four years with the specific goal become a pastor in the Danish Evangelical Lutheran church. During her years of theology studies, she wrote entertainment for Danish television, in 1993, she had a religious crisis and quit her studies when she decided to convert to Judaism

<mask>'s debut as an author was in 2005 when she published the first book in the five volumes, 2,300 pages book series Baade-Og (Both-And, 2005–2009). She has since written several books, among them Democracy Handbook, which is also a website www.democracy-handbook.org. The Nordic Secret – A European story of beauty and freedom, she wrote together with Tomas Björkman. Her latest book is Metamodernity: Meaning and Hope in a Complex World. As an indie publisher in Denmark, <mask>'s Det Andersenske Forlag (Andersenske publishing) has focused on popularizing philosophy and topics essential to democracy. In 2011, <mask> was appointed as a

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Lene Rachel Andersen
Andersen
Andersen
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title: Lene Rachel Andersen

texts:
 member of the Danish government's short-lived Værdikommissionen (Values Commission).Baade-Og
The book series Baade-Og (Both-And), consists of five books with the subtitles Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. They are written as a dialogue between the retired television producer Cornelius Magnussen, who is highly erudite and currently admitted to the psychiatric ward, and a lifestyle journalist, Tenna E. Rasmussen, who interviews him for five days. Over the course of the five days, they cover big history and a number of scientific theories explaining how nature and culture evolve: scale-free networks, thermodynamics, chaos theory, complexity theory, the concepts of memes and meme-plexes, and evolution itself plus a host of other sciences in order to explore how culture and civilization evolve. It is all connected in what <mask> calls Global Existentialism: what kind of species do we want to be? The scientific theories are thus linked together and put in new contexts, e.g. Darwin's evolutionary theory being compared to Kierkegaard's teachings about the three stages in life. In the Wednesday-part, the protagonist Magnussen formulates a declaration of "global existentialism" which departs from the old perception of the world characterized by the linear, absolute and inflexible.Instead, the proposed new world view takes into account relativity, complementarity and quantum theory, posing that everything is unpredictable, complex and cannot be described in absolute terms. Here the concept of "Homo Liquens" (the liquid human being) is introduced, as opposed to being "one or the other", which refers to Kierkegaard's Either-Or. Global Existentialism must also be political since human beings have a universal civil obligation. In order to


title: Lene Rachel Andersen

texts:
 preserve the rule of law, humanity, democracy and pluralism, approaches that embrace "both and" are needed for global and complex solutions. <mask>'s later books in Danish, such as  (Globally Shifting Up) from 2014, also approach the complexity of the future and how we can prepare for it. The Nordic Secret
The Nordic Secret – A European Story of Beauty and Freedom. A book by <mask> <mask>, written together with Tomas Björkman and published November 2017.The Nordic countries are repeatedly in the top-ten of happiest countries, best for business etc. <mask> and Björkman explore why and trace the success of the Nordics back to the invention of the folk high schools that were invented in Denmark in 1844. The schools did not become an immediate success, but after the Danish military defeat to Bismarck’s Prussia in 1864, a movement started in Denmark creating folk high schools. The 1860s was also when the concept of the folk high schools was copied in Norway and Sweden, later folk high schools were started in Finland as well. Through the folk high schools, the Nordic countries have created a culture of civic responsibility, cultural self-awareness, and high expectations of individual moral and emotional development. Metamodernity
In 2019, <mask> wrote Metamodernity: Meaning and Hope in a Complex World. Contrary to most versions of metamodernism, which generally integrate only modernity and postmodernism, in Metamodernity <mask> explores the possible integration of indigenous, premodern, modern, and postmodern cultural code into one future cultural code that can serve as a model for meaning-making in the 21st century.The advantage of integrating all four cultural codes into metamodernity rather than just two cultural codes into metamodernism, is the

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Lene
Rachel Andersen
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title: Lene Rachel Andersen

texts:
 much deeper potential for meaning-making that this offers. Metamodernity thus provides us with a framework for understanding ourselves and our societies in a complex way that matches the complexity of the globalized world in which we already live. By integrating both indigenous, premodern, modern, and postmodern cultural elements, metamodernity provides social norms and a moral fabric for intimacy, spirituality, religion, science, and self-exploration, all at the same time. It is a way of strengthening local, national, continental, and global cultural heritage among all and it thus has the potential to protect cultures as the economy as well as the internet and exponential technologies are disrupting our current modes of societal organization and governance. Metamodernity, according to <mask>, will thus allow us to be meaning making at a deeper emotional level and a higher intellectual level compared to today; it will allow us more complex understanding, which may match the complexity of the problems we need to solve. Bildung
<mask>’s latest book is Bildung: Keep Growing (2020). The first half of this 171-page book is a condensed version of The Nordic Secret (512 pages), the second half offers both a theoretical exploration of why and how folk-bildung affected Scandinavian youth and society as of the 1860s, and a new and more concise vocabulary for dealing with bildung in the 21st century.Among the models used as analytical tools in the second half of the book are the cultural codes explored in Metamodernity, Circles of Belonging and The Bildung Rose. The Circles of Belonging model explores 10 circles or spheres of consciousness, belonging, identity, solidarity, conscience, and sense of responsibility. The ten Circles are: 1: Self, 2: Family One

masks: Andersen Andersen


title: Lene Rachel Andersen

texts:
 (where we grow up), 3: Peer groups, 4: Family Two (the family we establish ourselves), 5: Local communities, 6: Nation and/or religion, 7: Culture Zone, 8: Humanity today, 9: All life on the planet now, and 10: Life as such, now and in the future. Circles 2-5 are real communities, whereas Circles 6-10 are what Benedict Anderson referred to as imagined communities. The Bildung Rose
The Bildung Rose explores how societies evolve, grow and become more complex across seven domains: 1) production; 2) technology; 3) knowledge/science; 4) ethics; 5) narrative; 6) aesthetics, and 7) power. Since we need to understand our society in order to thrive, the model thus connects our inner worlds to society. Understanding the relationship between self and society is increasingly crucial as societies become more complex.Awards and recognition

<mask> has received two Danish awards for her books:

 In 2007 she was awarded the Ebbe Kløvedal Reichs Demokratistafet (The Ebbe Kløvedal Reich Democracy Baton, named after Danish author Ebbe Kløvedal Reich). The recipients of the Ebbe Reich Democratic Party are characterized by bringing the political debate to something beyond the usual. <mask> received the Doessingprisen (the Danish librarians’ award) in 2012 for her work in supporting and promoting democracy, debate and diversity. Bibliography

In English

<mask>, <mask> <mask> (2019). Metamodernity: Meaning and Hope in a Complex World, Nordic Bildung. .
Wiki-project democracy-handbook.org, from 2010

In Danish

Baade-Og

Other

References

External references

1968 births
Living people
Danish women writers
20th-century Danish publishers (people)
21st-century Danish publishers (people)
Converts to Judaism
Danish Jews
People from Høje-Taastrup

masks: Andersen Andersen Andersen Lene Rachel


title: Jay Howard

texts:
<mask> (born 16 February 1981) is a British professional race car driver who competes in the IndyCar Series and Indianapolis 500 and resides in Indianapolis, Indiana. <mask> was the 2005 US Formula Ford Zetec champion (now known as the Cooper Tires USF2000 Championship) and moved up to the Indy Lights series, where he captured two wins on his way to the 2006 championship for Sam Schmidt Motorsports in his rookie season. He qualified for his first Indianapolis 500 in 2011. <mask> was born in Basildon, England. Indy Pro Series (2006–07)
In 2006, <mask> competed in the Indy Pro Series for Sam Schmidt Motorsports, winning the series championship in his rookie season over Jonathan Klein and Wade Cunningham. <mask> earned two victories (Nashville and Kentucky) and seven total podium finishes. He made three starts for SpeedWorks at the beginning of the 2007 season, but was inactive for the rest of the year.IndyCar Series (2008)

Roth Racing announced on 26 November 2007 that they had signed <mask> to drive their second car for the 2008 IndyCar Series season. <mask> was hired on merit/talent and did not bring sponsorship to the team. The team was presented with a sponsorship opportunity with another driver and <mask> was replaced in the No. 24 Roth Racing entry by John Andretti for the 2008 Indianapolis 500. This was originally announced as a one–race arrangement, meaning <mask> would be back for the Milwaukee race. However, on 30 May, it was announced that Andretti would continue in the No. 24 car in the Milwaukee Mile and Texas Motor Speedway races.Andretti also drove in the next two races at the Iowa Speedway and Richmond International Raceway, but <mask> returned to the car for the Watkins Glen International road course race. It would be <mask>'s last race with the team, as it contracted to a single car driven by team owner Marty Roth for the rest of the season. Firestone Indy Lights (2009)

<mask> began the 2009 Indy Lights season – the new name for the Indy Pro Series – for the rookie outfit Team PBIR. He competed in five races, before

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 being replaced by paying drivers Pablo Donoso and Richard Philippe for the remainder of the season. Return to the IndyCar Series (2010–18)

2010 season
While <mask> was announced in late 2009 with SFR for four events – Indianapolis Motor Speedway, Texas Motor Speedway, Chicagoland Speedway, Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course – on 1 March 2010, SFR announced that they would add the Kansas Speedway event to <mask>'s campaign. On 14 April, <mask> joined team owner Fisher when he was the first entrant for the 2010 Indianapolis 500, while celebrating the 100th anniversary of English drivers competing at the legendary Indianapolis Motor Speedway. On 21 April, <mask> unveiled the 2010 paint scheme for his No.66 Service Central entry at Kansas Speedway during a private test. On 23 May, <mask> had qualified for the 94th running of the Indianapolis 500. With just minutes left before the gun would fire to signal the 33-car field, <mask>'s entry was withdrawn due to pressure from next in queue, veteran driver Paul Tracy. <mask> failed to show sufficient speed to qualify and missed the race. On 28 August, <mask> competed in his last race with SFR, fulfilling his contract with the team. On 10 October, <mask> won the RoboPong 200 all-star kart race at the New Castle Motorsports Park along with teammate Bill McLaughlin Jr., beating such notable drivers as Will Power and Graham Rahal, among others. 2011 season
<mask> noted in an interview on 14 October 2010, on Trackside with Curt Cavin and Kevin Lee on 1070 The Fan Indianapolis, that he would in no way return to SFR after the year they had.He also noted that he has his 2011 Indianapolis 500 program solidified and the team would be announced soon. <mask> Letterman Lanigan Racing in association with Sam Schmidt Motorsports to race in the 2011 Indianapolis 500 and the twin races at Texas Motor Speedway. <mask> successfully qualified for the Indy 500 on pole day in the 20th position. He crashed out of the race after completing 60 laps and was credited with 30th place. Two weeks later, he finished 15th and 20th in

masks: Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Howardhal Howard


title: Jay Howard

texts:
 the twin races at Texas Motor Speedway. 2012 season
<mask> was announced on 23 April 2012 as the driver of a Mike Shank Racing entry, which was filed for the 96th running of the Indianapolis 500. On 2 May 2012, MSR Indy announced they had relieved <mask> of his duties to the team, after an engine deal had not materialised for the team, leaving the Brit open to pursue other options.2017 season
After a four-year absence from the Verizon IndyCar Series, <mask> made his return to the series during the 101st running of the Indy 500 in a car financed by Tony Stewart and Sam Schmidt. 2018 season
<mask> returned to Sam Schmidt Motorsports and competed in the 2018 Indy 500 for the second consecutive time in the race and for the team. Motorsports Driver Development (MDD)
In 2012, <mask> founded <mask>'s Motorsports Driver Development (MDD) in hopes of creating a unique program capable of taking drivers from karts to cars and then up the motorsports ladder. Karts

In the karting field, <mask> has used his experience from the British Karting Championship, Indy Lights, and IndyCar to coach drivers of all ages. Initially, <mask> focused only on drivers that already competing at the national level of karting; more recently, however, he has begun working with drivers at a club level, primarily at NOLA Motorsports Park. In the short time of running MDD, <mask> has already coached drivers to two national championships in 2016, when Braden Eves won the World Karting Championship in Italian American Motor Engineering X-30 Senior and Yamaha Senior. MDD also claims multiple wins in the SuperKarts!USA Pro Tour as well as several wins in the United States Pro Kart Series. In January 2017, <mask> began running the "MDD Sprint Kart Championship" series at NOLA Motorsports park. Formula 4 (U.S.)

In 2017, <mask> entered 4 cars into the second year of the FIA Formula 4 United States Championship under the umbrella of MDD. Since the start of the season, the rookie team has found tremendous success. MDD obtained their highest finish during the second round of the

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title: Jay Howard

texts:
 championship, when rookie driver Braden Eves was able to obtain second at Indianapolis Motor Speedway after only one day in the car. Eves is set to race again in the final round of the championship at Circuit of the Americas in October. Since the first round of the F4 United States Championship, <mask> has had a total of 8 drivers compete in the series.Currently, <mask> is working on growing his F4 Program with the hopes of advancing some of his prominent kart racers to the F4 Championship in 2018. Media work
In a national promotion with MTV and American Family Insurance, <mask> served as a driver coach for music-obsessed teen Lauren Goodell during the fall of 2009. Commercials were filmed on 12 and 13 October in Nebraska at Mid-America Motorplex. The commercials were first aired during MTV's Real World/Road Rules Challenge on 28 October 2009, and ran for four weeks during MTV's flagship program. A fifth installment was scheduled for 4 December 2009 during the mtvU Woodie Awards, which were filmed on 18 October in New York City. <mask> is represented by BRANDed Management agency, founded by Klint Briney. Personal life
<mask> married his longtime girlfriend Courtney Nicoson on Saturday, 29 October 2011 in a private ceremony in Indianapolis, Indiana.<mask> & Courtney live in Carmel, Ind., with their only child, a son, Hudson. <mask> was the subject of the cover story for the Carmel Monthly magazazine's May 2021 issue. Motorsports career results

American open-wheel racing results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

Indy Lights

IndyCar Series

* Season still in progress. 1 Run on same day. 2 Non-points-paying, exhibition race. 3 Race cancelled due to death of Dan Wheldon. Indianapolis 500

References

External links

IndyCar Driver Page

1981 births
English racing drivers
British Formula Renault 2.0 drivers
Indy Lights champions
Indy Lights drivers
IndyCar Series drivers
Living people
Sportspeople from Basildon
Toyota Racing Series drivers
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Indy Pro 2000 Championship drivers
U.S. F2000 National

masks: Howard Howard Howard Howard Howard Jay Howard


title: Francesco Maria di Francia

texts:
<mask> (19 February 1853 - 22 December 1913) was an Italian Roman Catholic priest and the founder of the Capuchin Sisters of the Sacred Heart. He formed a close bond with his older brother (canonized in 2004) and the two studied together under a priest uncle. He tried music after experiencing doubts about his vocation but continued his studies leading to his ordination in Messina where he would spend his entire life ministering to people. He aided the ill during a cholera epidemic while in 1908 aiding in rescue and reconstruction efforts following a violent earthquake. <mask> also taught moral theological studies to seminarians for a time before being given a role in archdiocesan curial affairs some months before his death from a heart attack. The beatification process for the late priest opened in the mid-1980s (he became titled as a Servant of God) after his order lobbied for a cause to be opened in the Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela archdiocese. The cause culminated on 19 March 2019 after Pope Francis acknowledged his life of heroic virtue and so titled him as Venerable.Life
<mask> <mask> was born on 19 February 1853 in Messina as the last of four children to the nobleman <mask> <mask> (c. 1818-10.10.1852) and Anna Toscano (c. 1829-1888). His father died just four months before his birth. His parents married around 1846. His older brother Annibale was canonized in 2004. He was baptized on 27 February 1853 in the names of "<mask> <mask>" in honor of the saint of that name. His siblings (in order) were his brother Giovanni and his sister <mask> and then his saint brother Annibale. Both he and his older brother Annibale were first entrusted to an old aunt before being sent to the College of the Cistercian Fathers in Messina under the care of their paternal priest uncle Raffaele <mask>.It was he who oversaw his and his older brother Annibale's education due to

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title: Francesco Maria di Francia

texts: his mother being unable to provide for all her children on her own. His brother was noted for being more like his father while he was noted for being more like his mother due to his affection and dedication. Their schooling under their uncle both instilled in them a desire to enter the priesthood but their mother opposed her two sons entering the priesthood (despite her own strong religious devotion) though relented at a later point. <mask> loved music since his childhood as well as poems and in 1869 composed a short song in honor of Saint <mask> Paola (his patron saint). <mask> received the clerical garb (in secret from his mother since she was still opposed to his vocation at that stage) in the San Francesco church on 7 December 1869. But he soon experienced doubts about the strength of his vocation and so left his studies to discern his future. His passion for music saw him twice pursue paths down a musical career in Naples but these did not work out in the end.He returned to his studies after determining God's plan for him and on 19 March 1877 received the tonsure in 1877. He received his ordination to the priesthood on 18 December 1880 in the San Paolo church in Messina from the metropolitan archbishop Cardinal Giuseppe Guarino. His pastoral duties extended to all, though his brother's activities as a priest inspired him to focus on the poor in more depth than he had before. In the late summer of 1887 a cholera epidemic hit Messina and Guarino granted <mask>cia permission to tend to the ill sufferers of the disease in the most affected areas despite his mother's concerns that he would contract the disease himself (she died in 1888 after the epidemic ended). He also was motivated to help when he saw few doctors offering their support to the victims. He worked among the ill for the duration of the epidemic and following this in 1888 began tending to ill

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Di Francia
Francesco di
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title: Francesco Maria di Francia

texts: children in the civic hospital. For a time <mask> taught moral theological studies to seminarians in Messina.In 1896 he first met the Servant of God Natala Briguglio and she inspired him to found an order catering to female religious. In 1897 in Messina he founded a religious congregation called the Poor Sisters of the Sacred Heart which later became titled the Capuchin Sisters of the Sacred Heart; Briguglio became a professed religious as "Veronica di Gesù Bambino" and was the first to join this order. He and his brother helped in the rescue and reconstruction efforts following the violent earthquake that struck Messina on 28 December 1908. On 28 February 1912 the archbishop Letterio D'Arrigo <mask> appointed him as the archdiocesan vicar general in a move that meant he had curial responsibilities to manage and which saw him work closer to the archbishop. But he still managed to go around preaching and hearing confessions despite the increased workload. <mask> came to Messina via train during the morning on 22 December 1913 but felt unwell in the train station in what was a heart attack. He asked to go to Roccalumera despite his deteriorating condition and said: "I prepare for paradise".<mask> died there at 9:00pm from a heart attack with the nuns of his order gathered at his bedside after he blessed them. His brother learnt about his death on 31 December from Florence and wrote a letter to the archbishop to extoll his brother's good works and to express his condolences to the archdiocese. His remains were exhumed and relocated on 24 May 1935 from his grave to the Santuario di Sant'Antonio di Padova in Roccalumera that Briguglio oversaw work on. His order received a decree of praise on 4 March 1943 and then papal approval from Pope Pius XII on 16 February 1957 and exists in countries such as Colombia and Slovakia. The end of 2008 saw the order have 224 religious

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title: Francesco Maria di Francia

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 in 29 houses. Beatification process
The beatification process launched on 8 July 1986 after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints provided the official "nihil obstat" (no objections to the cause) declaration and titled <mask> as a Servant of God. This decree also enabled for the cause's initial investigation to be launched on the archdiocesan level.This diocesan process for the investigation was opened in the Messina-Lipari-Santa Lucia del Mela archdiocese on 12 June 1989 and closed less than a decade later on 3 October 1996. The investigation saw 144 testimonies collected as well as documentation attesting to di Francia's reputation for holiness. Other processes were held in Albano and Turin as well as in Brescia and Trani for supporting evidence. The investigation moved to Rome where the C.C.S. issued a decree on 6 November 1998 validating the process and confirming that it abided to their rules for conducting diocesan investigations. The postulation (the officials coordinating the cause) compiled and submitted the official Positio dossier to the C.C.S. officials for additional evaluation on 22 December 2014.Historians approved the cause on 29 September 2015 as did nine theologians on 19 June 2018 and the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members later on 5 March 2019. <mask> became titled as Venerable on 19 March 2019 after Pope Francis signed a decree acknowledging the fact that <mask> had practiced heroic virtue throughout his life. The current postulator for the cause is Fra Carlo Calloni O.F.M. Cap. References

External links
 Hagiography Circle
 Saints SQPN

1853 births
1913 deaths
19th-century Italian people
19th-century Roman Catholic priests
19th-century venerated Christians
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
20th-century venerated Christians
Founders of Catholic religious communities
Religious leaders from Messina
Venerated Catholics by Pope

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di Francia
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Di Francia


title: Mick Softley

texts:
<mask> (26 September 1939 – 1 September 2017) was an English singer-songwriter and guitarist. A figurehead during the British folk scene, <mask> set up his own folk club, released three albums and worked with performers such as Mac MacLeod, Donovan, and Maddy Prior. Donovan covered two of <mask>'s songs ("Goldwatch Blues" and "The War Drags On") in 1965. Dave Berry also covered two of <mask>'s songs ("Walk Walk Talk Talk" and "I Love You Baby") in 1966. Early life
Born at Danbury Palace Emergency Maternity Hospital, South Woodford, <mask> grew up in Essex near Epping Forest. His mother was of Irish origin (from County Cork) and his father had East Anglian tinker roots, going back to a few generations. Softley first took up trombone in school and became interested in traditional jazz.He was later persuaded to become a singer by one of his school teachers, and this led to him listening to Big Bill Broonzy and promptly changed his attitude to music, to the extent of him buying a mail-order guitar and some tutorial books and teaching himself to play. By 1959, <mask> had left his job and home and spent time travelling around Europe on his motorbike, with a friend, <mask>. He ended up in Paris, where he came into the company of musicians such as Clive Palmer, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, and Wizz Jones. Here he improved his guitar skills and spent time busking with friends until his return to England in the early 1960s. He set up a folk club at The Spinning Wheel in Hemel Hempstead. Songs for Swingin' Survivors
<mask> began singing in 'The Cock', a pub in St Albans, which was a hang out for beatniks and hippies and attracted musicians down from London. Informal sessions were common.This was where he met a young Donovan Leitch, to whom he taught cross-picking guitar techniques. (Leitch later cited <mask> as a "major influence"). Donovan was soon snapped up by a record label and shot to stardom, but this enabled him to bring <mask> to the attention of producers and record companies. His first

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texts:
 release was the 1965 single "I'm So Confused", released by Immediate Records. He went on to work with Peter Eden and Geoff Stephens, and his debut album Songs For Swinging Survivors, which was a purely folk record. The album featured only <mask> and his acoustic guitar and includes the songs "The War Drags On" (covered by Donovan on his Universal Soldier EP), and <mask>'s own interpretations of Billie Holiday's "Strange Fruit", and Woody Guthrie's "The Plains of the Buffalo". In 1964 he opened a folk club, in the Spinning Wheel restaurant in Hemel Hempstead.It was shut down by the police after only a year, however, for "various reasons", mainly health and safety; a very small basement room, with only one way in (and out). <mask> did not look back on this time favourably claiming during production he had gone "through a lot of hells and no heavens, a terrifying amount of personal pain" to the extent that he quit the music business for over four years. During this time he survived as a market trader in Hemel Hempstead, fathered two children, in 1963 and 1964, and still played gigs frequently in folk clubs around the south east. He returned to life on the road in 1968. Due to contractual issues he never received any royalties in the later years. Sunrise and Street Singer
After his absence, <mask> returned with an electric group, Soft Cloud, Loud Earth. The group was soon trimmed down to a duo consisting of <mask> and Mac MacLeod called Soft Cloud.They only performed a few times before they split up and <mask> went on to pursue a solo career. Meeting Donovan again, he was persuaded to record for a second time. This time  Tony Cox was on board for production and Softley claimed that "everybody all along the line was really good. Totally different to what I'd been through five years before – No-one was trying to make a fast penny out of me, and they were prepared to let me do everything exactly how I wanted to". Softley recorded three albums during this period, which have a different tone

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title: Mick Softley

texts:
 from the first album, due to the variety of instruments and styles showcased on these albums, from upbeat rock ("Can You Hear Me Now?") and folk ("Goldwatch Blues") to eastern-inspired sitar pieces ("Love Colours") and skiffle ("Ragtime Mama"). In 1971 he performed on French television programme Grande Affiche.Later years
Avoiding capitalising on the opportunity of stardom, <mask> continued to travel and play for free, preferring to watch people enjoy his music than make money. He moved to County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland, in 1984, eventually settling in Enniskillen. He was a well recognised character in the town and he also performed occasionally at the Belfast Folk Festival. In later years he has concentrated on writing poetry, some of which has been published. In 2011, <mask> suffered a head injury after being knocked off his bicycle, and spent a considerable time in hospital recovering. In an effort to counter the unfounded rumours of his death, a Facebook page was set up and amassed a following of over 1,000 friends. In August 2011, an evening of entertainment featuring Softley's music and poetry was held in Cafe Merlot in Enniskillen, with all proceeds being donated to the brain injury unit at Altnagelvin Hospital.<mask> died on 1 September 2017, aged 77. Albums
Songs For Swingin' Survivors (1965), Columbia – reissued on CD in 2003 by Hux Records and as part of The Folk Eve Recordings CD (2014)
Sunrise (1970), CBS
Street Singer (1971), CBS
C'est la Fête à Malataverne (1971), Expression Spontanée – one track, "Time Machine" record live in French folk festival
Any Mother Doesn't Grumble (1972), CBS
Capital (1976), Doll Records
Mensa (1978), Doll Records
War Memorials (1985), Doll Records

Note: Sunrise and Street Singer were reissued as a two-CD set on BGO Records, 2009

References

External links
 Home.arcor.de
 Myspace site
 Review by Brian R. Banks

1939 births
2017 deaths
English folk guitarists
English male guitarists
English male singer-songwriters
People from Woodford,

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Softley
Death Softley


title: Zinnetullah Ahsen Böre

texts:
<mask>re (Tatar: Zinnätulla Ahsän, surname previously Imadutdinoff, March 20, 1886 - November 11, 1945) was a merchant, businessman and imam who was a part of the Tatar community in Finland. He had his own shop, which mainly sold fabrics and furs in Tampere. He is also the publisher of the first Finnish translation of the Quran. <mask> was a tenacious spokesperson of a "Turkish identity" for the Tatars and eventually acquired Turkey's citizenship. Biography
Zinnätulla Imadutdinoff (later <mask>öre) was born on March 20, 1886 in a Mishar Tatar village called Aktuk, which was located in Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, Russian Empire. His parents were father Imadütdin (1849-1906) and mother Merhaba (1855-1941). The father of <mask>re was, according to him, a peasant who was illiterate, but a faithful man who never missed his daily duty of Salah.<mask> Böre learned trading from him and in 1903, went to Saint Petersburg the first time as a merchant himself. While his father did always remind him of the importance of righteousness, <mask> Böre credits the local imam of his village, a man named Abdulvahap for his religious upbringing. In his memoirs, he remembers the imam as someone who could bring great clarity into difficult questions he might have had regarding the subject. In 1906, <mask> Böre moved to Viipuri (Vyborg). In there, he continued his profession as a merchant and also operated as an imam to a small local Muslim community. In 1910 he moved to Terijoki (Zelenogorsk), where he and his younger brothers set up a shop that sold fabrics and furs. In 1916, <mask> Böre graduated as an imam from Ufa.During the Finnish Civil War (1918), <mask> Böre was a

masks:
Zinnetullah Ahsen Bö
Ahsen Böre
Ahsen B
Ahsen Bö
Ahsen
Ahsen
Ahsen
Ahsen
Ahsen


title: Zinnetullah Ahsen Böre

texts: prisoner of "the reds" at the Terijoki railway station, and during this time his possessions were stolen. After he was freed, he escaped to Saint Petersburg, but soon had to came back to Terijoki. The closing of the border weakened the business opportunities at Terijoki, and therefore <mask> Böre moved with his family to Helsinki in 1919. During those times, some fellow Tatar activists and for example Finnish professor Yrjö Jahnsson started the pursuits for the independence of the minorities of Russia, but <mask> <mask> thought it was all hopeless and was against it fiercely. Due to the many conflicts that ensued, he eventually was deported from Helsinki. In June 1920 he moved to Tampere with his family. In 1922, <mask> Böre applied for Finnish citizenship but was not able to get one.Eventually, in the late 1920s, he became a citizen of Turkey. In 1922, <mask> <mask> established a shop in Tampere, which once again focused on selling fabrics and furs. Before becoming a Turkish citizen, <mask> <mask> had a Nansen passport, which he used to make business trips for example to London and Leipzig. He acquired products to his shop from foreign producers; such as costume fabrics from England, textiles from France, lace fabric from Belgium, furs and textiles from Germany, carpets from Turkey and textiles from Japan. <mask> <mask> had refused to identify as a Tatar. He rather thought of himself as a "Volga Turk". As a citizen of Turkey, he was inspired by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's nationalism and in the footsteps of Turkey, he was in favor of replacing the Arabic script with the Latin script in his native language.Not everyone in the Finnish Tatar community was

masks: Ahsen Ahsen Böre Ahsen Ahsen Böre Ahsen Böre Ahsen Böre


title: Zinnetullah Ahsen Böre

texts:
 as excited about the idea, but some were, and especially a bit later, the reform spread all throughout the community. From 1928 forwards, <mask> Böre also rallied for the establishing of a school for the Tatars, or as he put it, Turks of Finland. This dream of his materialized only after his death. The school operated in Helsinki for 21 years and though it used the name "Turk" (fin. Turkkilainen kansakoulu), it mostly taught Tatar language, not Turkish. In 1931, <mask> Böre published a Finnish translation of Lord Headley's work which focused on Islam. In 1936, <mask> Böre started the process of translating the Quran to Finnish.The official translator of the text was Russian-born Georg Pimenoff and the proofreading was done by the Finnish school principal Jussi Ahtinen-Karsikko, but <mask> <mask> himself also used a lot of his time for the process, and according to fellow Tatar Hasan Hamidulla, sacrificed his health during it. The Quran was published in 1942. In the preface of the publication, <mask> Böre spoke of the Finns in positive light; "During my time in Finland i have noticed that the Finns are enlightened and want to get the right picture of everything". Mannerheim thanked <mask> Böre for distributing the Quran among the Muslim soldiers. <mask> <mask> died at his home in Tampere on November 11, 1945. He was buried at the Tatar cemetery in Helsinki. Family
Zinnetullah <mask> Böre was married three times.His first wife was Katiye Ziadetdin, second wife was Mürside Bedretdin and the third Safiye Kemaletdin. From his first marriage, he had two daughters, Saadetbanu and Afife, and from second marriage he had one daughter, Gülanber. From the third

masks: Ahsen Ahsen Ahsen Ahsen Böre Ahsen Ahsen Ahsen Böre Ahsen


title: Zinnetullah Ahsen Böre

texts:
 marriage <mask> Böre had two daughters and four boys. The daughters were Zekiye and Rusane, and the boys were hockey players Feyzi, Murat, Zeyd and Vasif. Feyzi also worked as a bookseller in Istanbul later in his life and in 1972, published the first Turkish-Finnish-dictionary. Murat <mask> Böre operated his fathers shop after his death. <mask> Böre had eight siblings; Fettehutdin, Halime, Zahidullah, Halise, Abdullah, Abdulkayoom, Abdülhak, Katiye.Name
During his lifetime, <mask> Böre went by different names/spellings of his name. They were at least the following;

 Zinnätulla, Zinetullah, <mask>
 Ahsän Böre, <mask> Böre
 Imadütdin, Imadutdinoff, Aimadetdinoff, Imadütdinoglu
He took the name <mask> (Ahsän) from his grandfather, Ahsän Bedüihan. Böre is a nickname that over the years became a familyname. Imadütdin was his father's name and according to the old Tatar tradition, he took his father's name (at first), and therefore was named Zinnätulla Imadutdinoff. The letter ä was often changed into letter e during the 1900s among the Tatar community in Finland, due to the "Turkish mindedness". Russian suffixes (such as -off) were left out usually during the independence of Finland (1917). Oglu (oğlu) on the other hand is a Turkish patronymic.Further reading
 Thesis on Ahsen Böre (includes pictures, written in Finnish)

Sources

 Bedretdin, Kadriye: Tugan Tel: Kirjoituksia Suomen tataareista. Suomen Itämainen Seura, 2011. ISBN 978-951-9380-78-0
 Leitzinger, Antero: Mishäärit - Suomen vanha islamilainen yhteisö. Kirja-Leitzinger, 1996, Helsinki. ISBN 952-9752-08-3

Citations

Mishar Tatars
Finnish Tatars
Finnish publishers (people)
Quran

masks: Ahsen Ahsen Ahsen Ahsen Zinnetullah Ahsen Ahsen


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
<mask> or Antony of Padua () or <mask> of Lisbon (; born Fernando Martins de Bulhões; 15 August 1195 – 13 June 1231) was a Portuguese Catholic priest and friar of the Franciscan Order. He was born and raised by a wealthy family in Lisbon, Portugal, and died in Padua, Italy. Noted by his contemporaries for his powerful preaching, expert knowledge of scripture, and undying love and devotion to the poor and the sick, he was one of the most quickly canonized saints in church history. He was proclaimed a Doctor of the Church by Pope Pius XII on 16 January 1946. Life

Early years
Fernando Martins de Bulhões was born in Lisbon, Portugal. While 15th-century writers state that his parents were Vicente Martins and Teresa Pais Taveira, and that his father was the brother of Pedro Martins de Bulhões, the ancestor of the Bulhão or Bulhões family, Niccolò Dal-Gal views this as less certain. His wealthy and noble family arranged for him to be instructed at the local cathedral school.At the age of 15, he entered the Augustinian community of Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross at the Abbey of Saint Vincent on the outskirts of Lisbon. In 1212, distracted by frequent visits from family and friends, he asked to be transferred to the motherhouse of the congregation, the Monastery of the Holy Cross in Coimbra, then the capital of Portugal. There, the young Fernando studied theology and Latin. Joining the Franciscans

After his ordination to the priesthood, Fernando was named guestmaster at the age of 19, and placed in charge of hospitality for the abbey. While he was in Coimbra, some Franciscan friars arrived and settled at a small hermitage outside Coimbra dedicated to <mask> of Egypt. Fernando was strongly attracted to the simple, evangelical lifestyle of the friars, whose order had been founded only 11 years prior. News arrived that five Franciscans had been beheaded in Morocco, the first of their order to be killed.King Afonso II ransomed their bodies to be returned and buried as martyrs in the

masks: Anthony Anthony Anthony


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 Monastery of Santa Cruz. Inspired by their example, Fernando obtained permission from church authorities to leave the Canons Regular to join the new Franciscan order. Upon his admission to the life of the friars, he joined the small hermitage in Olivais, adopting the name <mask> (from the name of the chapel located there, dedicated to <mask> the Great), by which he was to be known. <mask> then set out for Morocco, in fulfilment of his new vocation. However, he fell seriously ill in Morocco and set sail back for Portugal in hope of regaining his health. On the return voyage, the ship was pushed off course and landed in Sicily. From Sicily, he made his way to Tuscany, where he was assigned to a convent of the order, but he was met with difficulty on account of his sickly appearance.He was finally assigned to the rural hermitage of San Paolo near Forlì, Romagna, a choice made after considering his poor health. There, he had recourse to a cell one of the friars had made in a nearby cave, spending time in private prayer and study. Preaching and teaching

In 1222, in the town of Forlì, a number of visiting Dominican friars were present for the occasion of an ordination, and a misunderstanding arose over who should preach. The Franciscans had expected that one of the Dominicans would occupy the pulpit, being renowned for their preaching. However, the Dominicans had come unprepared, thinking a Franciscan would be the homilist. In this quandary, the head of the hermitage, who did not think any of his own humble friars could give a homily for the occasion, called upon <mask>, whom he suspected was most qualified, and entreated him to speak whatever the Holy Spirit might inspire. <mask> objected, but was overruled, and his impromptu sermon created a deep impression on his audience.His audience was moved by not only by his rich voice and arresting manner, but also the theme and substance of his discourse, his deep knowledge of Scripture, and the eloquence with which he delivered his message. <mask> was

masks: Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony


title: Anthony of Padua

texts: then sent by Brother Gratian, the local minister provincial, to the Franciscan province of Romagna, based in Bologna. He soon came to the attention of the founder of the order, Francis of Assisi. Francis had held a strong distrust of the place of theological studies in the life of his brotherhood, fearing it might lead to an abandonment of their commitment to a life of real poverty and service. In <mask>, however, he found a kindred spirit who shared his vision and could also provide the teaching any young members of the order seeking ordination might need. In 1224, he entrusted the pursuit of studies for any of his friars to the care of <mask>. The traditional practice of praying for St. <mask>'s help in finding lost or stolen things is traced to an incident during his lifetime that occurred in Bologna.According to the story, <mask> had a book of psalms that was important to him, as it contained his notes and comments for use in teaching his students. A novice who had chosen to leave had taken the psalter with him. Prior to the invention of the printing press, any book was hand-copied, and thus, an item of high value; a Franciscan friar in particular, given his vow of poverty, would have found such an item difficult to replace. When <mask> realized his psalter was missing, he prayed it would be found or returned, after which the thief was moved to not only return the book to <mask>, but also return to the order. The stolen book is said to be preserved in the Franciscan friary in Bologna. Occasionally, <mask> took another post as a teacher at universities such as University of Montpellier and University of Toulouse in southern France, but his preaching was considered to be his supreme gift. According to historian Sophronius Clasen, <mask> preached "the grandeur of Christianity".His method included allegory and symbolical explanation of Scripture. In 1226, after attending the general chapter of his order held at Arles, France, and preaching in the region of Provence, <mask> returned to Italy and

masks: Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 was appointed Provincial superior of northern Italy. He chose the city of Padua as his location. In 1228, he served as envoy from the general chapter to Pope Gregory IX. At the papal court, his preaching was hailed as a "jewel case of the Bible" and he was commissioned to produce his collection of sermons, Sermons for Feast Days (Sermones in Festivitates). Gregory IX described <mask> as the "Ark of the Testament" (Doctor Arca testamenti). Legends

The story of <mask> "preaching to the fish,“ originated in Rimini, where he had gone to preach.When heretics there treated him with contempt, <mask> was said to have gone to the shoreline, where he began to preach at the water's edge until a great crowd of fish was seen gathered before him. The people of the town flocked to see this marvel, after which <mask> charged them with the fact that the fish were more receptive to his message than the heretics of the church, at which point the people were moved to listen to his message. In another often-told story, which took place in Toulouse, <mask> was challenged by a heretic to prove the reality of the presence of Christ in the Eucharist. The man, who sought to mock <mask>, brought out a half-starved mule and showed it fresh fodder on one hand, and the sacramental host on the other. The mule was said to have ignored the fodder and, instead of eating either, bowed before the sacrament. Another account tells of an occasion in Italy when <mask> was dining with heretics. He realized the food they put before him was poisoned, and he confronted them.The men admitted to attempting to kill him, but then challenged him to eat if he truly believed the words spoken in Mark 16:18 about the apostles of Christ: "…and if they drink any deadly thing, it will not harm them." <mask> is said to have blessed the food, eaten it, and suffered no harm, much to the amazement of his hosts. Death

<mask> became sick with ergotism in 1231, and went to the woodland retreat at Camposampiero with two other friars for a respite. There,


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 he lived in a room built for him under the branches of a walnut tree. <mask> died on the way back to Padua on 13 June 1231 at the Poor Clare monastery at Arcella (now part of Padua), at the age of 35. According to his request, <mask> was buried in the small church of Santa Maria Mater Domini (probably dating from the late 12th century) and near a convent which had been founded by him in 1229. Nevertheless, due to his increased notability, construction of a large basilica began around 1232, although it was not completed until 1301.The smaller church was incorporated into the structure as the Cappella della Madonna Mora (Chapel of the Dark Madonna). The basilica is commonly known today as "Il Santo" (The Saint). Various legends also surround the death of <mask>. One holds that when he died, children cried in the streets and all the church bells rang of their own accord. Another legend is in regards to his tongue. He was buried in a chapel that became part of the basilica, where his tongue, jaw, and vocal cords were symbolically chosen as relics for veneration (as was tradition in medieval times) to be displayed in a large reliquary. When his body was exhumed 30 years after his death, it was found turned to dust, but the tongue was claimed to have glistened and looked as if it were still part of a live body; a further claim being made that this was a sign of his gift of preaching.On 1 January 1981, Pope John Paul II authorized a scientific team to study <mask>'s remains and the tomb was opened five days later. Saint and Doctor of the Church

<mask> was canonized by Pope Gregory IX on 30 May 1232, at Spoleto, Italy, less than one year after his death. In the words of Pope Benedict XVI:

Veneration as patron saint
<mask>'s fame spread through Portuguese evangelization, and he has been known as the most celebrated of the followers of Francis of Assisi. He is the patron saint of Lisbon, Padua and many places in Portugal and in the countries of the former Portuguese Empire. He is especially invoked


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 and venerated all over the world as the patron saint for the recovery of lost items and is credited with many miracles involving lost people, lost things and even lost spiritual goods. St. <mask>ts help devotees to meditate on the thirteen virtues of the saint. Some of these chaplets were used by members of confraternities which had <mask> as their patron saint.North America

In 1692, Spanish missionaries came across a small Payaya Indian community along what was then known as the Yanaguana River on the feast day of Saint <mask>, 13 June. The Franciscan chaplain, Father Damien Massanet, with agreement from General Domingo de Teran, renamed the rivers in his honor, and eventually built a mission nearby, as well. This mission became the focal point of a small community that eventually grew in size and scope to become the seventh-largest city in the country, the U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas. In New York City, the Shrine Church of St. Anthony in Greenwich Village, Manhattan celebrates his feast day, starting with the traditional novena of prayers asking for his intercession on the 13 Tuesdays preceding his feast. This culminates with a week-long series of services and a street fair. A traditional Italian-style procession is held that day through the streets of its South Village neighborhood, during which a relic of the saint is carried for veneration. Each year on the weekend of the last Sunday in August, Boston's North End holds a feast in honor of Saint <mask>.Referred to as the "Feast of All Feasts", <mask>'s Feast in Boston's North End was begun in 1919 by Italian immigrants from Montefalcione, a small town near Naples, where the tradition of honoring Saint <mask> goes back to 1688. Each year the Sandia Pueblo along with Santa Clara Pueblo celebrates the feast day of <mask> with traditional Native American dances. On 27 January 1907, in Beaumont, Texas, a church was dedicated and named in honor of <mask>. The church was later designated a cathedral in 1966 with the formation of the Roman

masks:
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title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 Catholic Diocese of Beaumont, but was not formally consecrated. On 28 April 1974, St. Anthony Cathedral was dedicated and consecrated by Bishop Warren Boudreaux. In 2006, Pope Benedict XVI granted the cathedral the designation of minor basilica. St. Anthony Cathedral Basilica celebrated its 100th anniversary on 28 January 2007.St<mask> gives his name to Mission San Antonio de Padua, the third Franciscan mission dedicated along El Camino Real in California in 1771. In Ellicott City, Maryland, southwest of Baltimore, the Conventual Franciscans of the St. Anthony Province dedicated their old novitiate house as the Shrine of St. Anthony which since 1 July 2004 serves as the official shrine to <mask> for the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Brazil and Europe

Saint <mask> is known in Portugal, Spain, and Brazil as a marriage saint, because legends exist of him reconciling couples. His feast day, 13 June, is Lisbon's municipal holiday, celebrated with parades and marriages (the previous day, 12 June, is the Dia dos Namorados in Brazil). He is one of the saints celebrated in the Brazilian Festa Junina, along with John the Baptist and Saint Peter. He is venerated in Mogán Village in Gran Canaria, where his feast day is celebrated every year with oversized objects carried through the streets for the fiesta. In the town of Brusciano, Italy, located near Naples, an annual feast in honor of Saint <mask> is held in late August.This tradition dates back to 1875. The tradition started when a man prayed to Saint <mask> for his sick son to get better. He vowed that if his son would become healthy he would build and dance a giglio like the people of Nola do for their patron San Paolino during the annual Fest Dei Gigli. (A giglio is a tall tower topped with a statue of the saint that is carried through the streets in carefully choreographed maneuvers that resemble a dance.) The celebration has grown over the years to include six giglio towers built in honor of the saint. This tradition has also carried over to America,

masks:
. Anthony
Saint Anthony
Anthony
Anthony
Anthony


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 specifically the East Harlem area of New York, where the immigrants from the town of Brusciano formed the Giglio Society of East Harlem and have been holding their annual feast since the early 1900s. In Albania, the Franciscans arrived in 1240 spreading the word of <mask>.The St. Anthony Church, Laç () in Laç was built in his honor. In Poland, he is the patron saint of Przeworsk. The icon of Saint <mask>, dating from 1649, is housed in a local Franciscan church, . Asia

Saint <mask> is honored in Uvari, in Tamil Nadu, India, where legend holds that the crew of a Portuguese ship was cured of cholera through the intercession of St. <mask>. The local church is dedicated to St. <mask> and houses an ancient wooden statue believed to have been carved by one of the crew. Also in India, a small crusady known with the name of <mask> is located in the village called Pothiyanvilai, state of Tamil Nadu Kanyakumari district near Thengapattinam. The southern Indian state of Karnataka is also a holy pilgrimage center in honor of <mask> (specifically located in the small village of Dornahalli, near Mysore).Local lore holds that a farmer there unearthed a statue that was later identified as being that of Saint <mask>. The statue was deemed miraculous and an incident of divine intervention. A church was then erected to honor the saint. Additionally, <mask> is highly venerated in Sri Lanka, and the nation's Saint Anthony National Shrine in Kochikade, Colombo, receives many devotees of <mask>, both Catholic and non-Catholic. There is also a church in Pakistan of Saint Anthony of Padua in the city of Sargodha under the Diocese of Rawalpindi. In the Philippines, the devotion to St. <mask> of Padua began in 1581, in the town of Pila, Laguna, where Franciscans established the first church in the country dedicated to St. <mask> of Padua, now elevated as the National Shrine of St. Anthony of Padua under the Diocese of San Pablo. In Siolim, a village in the Indian state of Goa, St. <mask> is always shown holding a

masks:
Saint Anthony
Anthony
Anthony
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Anthony
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Saint Anthony
Anthony
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Saint Anthony
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Anthony
Anthony


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 serpent on a stick.This is a depiction of the incident which occurred during the construction of the church wherein a snake was disrupting construction work. The people turned to St. <mask> for help and placed his statue at the construction site. The next morning, the snake was found caught in the cord placed in the statue's hand. Africa
Antonianism () was a syncretic Bakongo Catholic movement formed in the Kingdom of Kongo between 1704 and 1708 as a development out of the Roman Catholic Church in Kongo, yet without denying the authority of the Pope. Its founder was a young charismatic woman named Beatriz Kimpa Vita who said she was possessed by Saint <mask> of Padua. Beatriz became known for healing and other miracles. It was eventually suppressed by King Pedro IV of Kongo, and Dona Beatriz was burned at the stake as a heretic.In art

As the number of Franciscan saints increased, iconography struggled to distinguish <mask> from the others. Because of a legend that he had once preached to the fish by the mouth of the river Marecchia in Rimini, this was sometimes used as his attribute. He is also often seen with a white lily stalk, representing his purity. Other conventions referred to St. <mask>'s visionary fervor. Thus, one attribute in use for some time was a flaming heart. He is also sometimes depicted along with the mule in Rimini that allegedly bowed down to him holding the Eucharist. In 1511, Titian painted three large frescoes in the Scuola del Santo in Padua, depicting scenes of the miracles from the life of Saint <mask>: The Miracle of the Jealous Husband, which depicts the murder of a young woman by her husband; A Child Testifying to Its Mother's Innocence; and The Saint Healing the Young Man with a Broken Limb.Another key pattern has him meditating on an open book in which the Christ Child himself appears, as in the El Greco above. Over time the child came to be shown considerably larger than the book and some images even do without the book entirely. He typically appears carrying

masks: Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony Anthony


title: Anthony of Padua

texts:
 the infant Jesus and holding a cross. In popular votive offerings, <mask> is often depicted as miraculously saving individuals in various accidents. In films
 The 1931 silent film <mask> of Padua (Antonio di Padova, il santo dei miracoli) was directed by Giulio Antamoro. He was played in the 1949 Italian film Anthony of Padua by Aldo Fiorelli. Punitha Anthoniyar (<mask>), a 1977 Indian Tamil-language film directed by Nanjil Durai, starring R. Muthuraman and Lakshmi in the lead roles.Umberto Marino's 2002 Sant'Antonio di Padova or <mask>: The Miracle Worker of Padua is an Italian TV movie about the saint. While the VHS format is without English subtitles, the DVD version released in 2005 is simply called <mask> and is subtitled. * Antonello Belluco's 2006 Antonio guerriero di Dio or <mask>, Warrior of God is a biopic about the saint. João Pedro Rodrigues directed the 2016 film The Ornithologist, a sort of modern-day fantastic allegory of the life of St. <mask>. See also

Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua
Catholic Church in Italy
List of Catholic saints
List of Latin nicknames of the Middle Ages: Doctors in theology
Marian doctrines of St. <mask>

References

Further reading

The Moral Concordances of Saint Anthony of Padua, London, 1856

External links

 Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua – Official website
 Church of Saint Anthony of Lisbon – Official website
 "Saint Anthony of Padua" at the Christian Iconography website
 "St Anthony of Padua – St Peter's Square Colonnade Saints"

1195 births
1231 deaths
13th-century Christian saints
13th-century Portuguese people
13th-century Roman Catholic theologians
13th-century Christian mystics
Augustinian canons
Burials at the Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua
Deaths from edema
Disease-related deaths in Veneto
Franciscan Doctors of the Church
Franciscan mystics
Franciscan saints
Franciscan spirituality
Franciscan theologians
June observances
People from Lisbon
Portuguese Friars Minor
Portuguese Roman Catholic saints
Wonderworkers
Fish in

masks:
Anthony
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Saint Anthony
Saint Anthony
Saint Anthony
Anthony
Anthony
Anthony


title: Anthony Lynch (Gaelic footballer)

texts:
<mask> (born 21 August 1977 in Ballyvourney, County Cork) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays Gaelic football with his local club Naomh Abán and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 1999 to 2011. Playing career

Club
<mask> plays his club football with his local club called Naomh Abán in Ballyvourney. <mask> first came to prominence as a member of the club's underage teams. After the minor grade, he quickly joined the under-21 team. In 1995 Naomh Abán won their divisional championship and subsequently reached the final of the county under-21 championship. The opponents on that occasion were Mallow and a close game developed.At the full-time whistle the victory went to Mallow, as their ability to score goals clinched a 2–9 to 0–12 win. <mask> subsequently joined the Naomh Abán intermediate football team. In 1999 the club reached the final of the county intermediate championship, with Castletownbere providing the opposition. A close game developed between these two sides, however, at the full-time whistle the sides could not be separated and a draw was the result. The subsequent replay was also a close affair; however, it proved to be more conclusive. In the end victory went to Naomh Abán by 1–9 to 1–6 and <mask> collected a county intermediate championship winners' medal. Inter-county
<mask> first came to prominence on the inter-county scene as a member of the Cork senior football team in the late 1990s.He made his debut in the 1998–99 National Football League, a season which saw Cork reach the final of the competition. Dublin provided the opposition at Cork's home venue, Páirc Uí Chaoimh. A close game developed, however, Cork were never really troubled. A 0–12 to 1–7 score line resulted in victory for 'the Rebels',

masks:
Anthony Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch
Lynch


title: Anthony Lynch (Gaelic footballer)

texts: and gave <mask> a National League winners' medal in his debut season. Later that year he made his championship debut in the provincial series as Cork cruised to a Munster final showdown with arch-rivals Kerry. The men from 'the Kingdom' were on the hunt for a fourth successive provincial title, while Cork were out for success for the first time since 1995. Cork's victory on a score line of 2–10 to 2–4 was unexpected as <mask> claimed his very first Munster winners' medal.A subsequent defeat of Mayo saw Cork book their place in the All-Ireland final against Meath. The pressure was on the Cork footballers to secure a rare double, particularly since their hurling counterparts had won the All-Ireland title a fortnight previously. Ollie Murphy's first-half goal gave 'the Royals' a huge boost at half-time. Immediately after the interval Trevor Giles missed a penalty while Joe Kavanagh responded with a goal which gave Cork a brief lead. It was not enough as <mask>'s side eventually lost the game by 1–11 to 1–8. In spite of this defeat <mask> was later rewarded with an All-Star award. After the highs of 1999, the following year proved disappointing as Cork exited the championship at a very early stage.In 2001 Cork were back and <mask> lined out in his second provincial decider. Reigning All-Ireland champions Kerry were the opponents. The game was a reasonably close affair; however, 'the Kingdom' never looked like losing. At the full-time whistle Cork were defeated by 0–19 to 1–13. 2001 was the first year of the qualifier system so, in spite of being defeated, Cork had another chance to battle for the All-Ireland title. <mask>'s side, however, were subsequently dumped out of the championship by eventual champions Galway. 2002 proved to be a

masks: Lynch Lynch Lynch Lynch Lynch Lynch


title: Anthony Lynch (Gaelic footballer)

texts: more successful year for <mask>.After defeating Kerry in the provincial semi-final, Cork qualified for a Munster final showdown with Tipperary. While many people expected Cork to win the game easily, Tipp nearly sneaked a win, however, the provincial decider ended in a draw. The replay was an absolute rout. Cork won by a huge score line of 1–23 to 0–7, giving <mask> a second Munster winners' medal. Cork's next game was the All-Ireland semi-final where they met Kerry for the third time in the championship that year. Furthermore, it was the first-ever meeting of these two great rivals in Croke Park. While expectations were high the game turned into a rout as everything went Kerry's way.Talismanic forward Colin Corkery was red-carded as 'the Rebels' were humiliated by 3–19 to 2–7. 2002 ended with the Cork hurling team going on strike. In turn, the football team joined in a sympathy strike. The players, who had been seeking better conditions, refused to play or train with the county again until the dispute with the county board was resolved. After a protracted standoff, the players' grievances were eventually settled. 2003 was a difficult year as Cork surrendered their provincial crown at an early stage before later crashing out of the championship in the All-Ireland qualifiers. In 2004 <mask>'s side fared no better.After losing to Kerry in the Munster semi-final Cork were forced to manoeuvre through the All-Ireland qualifiers once again. An unconvincing victory over Clare was followed by a humiliating 0–18 to 0–12 defeat by Fermanagh and an end to Cork's championship ambitions. By 2005 the Cork footballers had regrouped and reached the Munster final for the first time in three years. Once again Kerry, the reigning All-Ireland

masks: Lynch Lynch Lynch


title: Anthony Lynch (Gaelic footballer)

texts: champions, provided the opposition. The game was a close affair, however, <mask>'s side were narrowly defeated by just 1–11 to 0–11. This did not mean the end of Cork's All-Ireland campaign. After winning their next two games 'the Rebels' qualified for an All-Ireland semi-final meeting with Kerry.In an embarrassing game of football for Cork, <mask>'s side were trounced by thirteen points on a score line of 1–19 to 0–9. In 2006 <mask>'s team reached the Munster final with Kerry lining out against them. That game ended in a 0–10 points apiece draw. The replay saw a much fresher Cork team surprisingly defeat Kerry by 1–12 to 0–9. James Masters proved the hero of the day, as he scored 1–7 of Cork's total. <mask> had secured a third Munster winners' medal. The quirks of the championship saw Cork face Kerry again in the subsequent All-Ireland semi-final for the third time in five seasons.In a similar pattern to previous encounters Cork failed to beat Kerry at Croke Park. A 0–16 to 0–10 resulted in Cork being knocked out of the championship. In 2007 Cork were out to atone for their defeats by Kerry the previous year. Both sides met in the provincial decider for the third year in succession. Cork gave a good account of themselves, however, Kerry could not be beaten and <mask>'s side went down on a 1–15 to 1–13 score line. Cork later did well in the All-Ireland series and finally qualified for the All-Ireland final after an eight-year absence. In a cruel twist of fate Kerry were the opponents and, in an even crueller twist, a late injury ruled <mask> out of a place on the starting fifteen.While the first half was played on an even keel, 'the Kingdom' ran riot in the second half and a rout ensued. Goalkeeper Alan Quirke came in for much


title: Anthony Lynch (Gaelic footballer)

texts:
 criticism after conceding some easy goals. <mask> was sprung from the bench as a substitute, however, at the full-time whistle Cork were trounced by 3–13 to 1–9. In 2008 Cork gained a modicum of revenge on Kerry when the sides met again in that year's Munster final. Kerry were cruising by eight points at the interval, however, Cork stormed back in the second-half. Kerry could only muster three points as Cork secured a remarkable 1–16 to 1–11 victory. It was <mask>'s fourth Munster winners' medal.Both sides met again in the All-Ireland semi-final, however, after a thrilling draw and a replay Kerry were the team that advanced to the championship decider. AT the start of 2009 Cork were earmarked as potential All-Ireland contenders. The team laid down their credentials at an early stage with a defeat of Monaghan to take the National League Division 2 title. After a subsequent defeat of Kerry in a replay of the Munster semi-final, Cork subsequently faced Limerick in the Munster final. <mask> was ruled out of that game through injury. Cork were the red-hot favourites going into the game, however, his loss on the field was felt as Limerick put Cork to the pin of their collars. After a slow start 'the Rebels' settled and eventually secured a narrow 2–6 to 0–11 victory.<mask> also missed Cork's subsequent All-Ireland quarter-final but looks set to return for a semi-final showdown with reigning champions Tyrone. In December 2011 <mask> retired from Inter-county football. Inter-provincial
<mask> has also lined out with Munster in the inter-provincial series of games and has enjoyed some success. He first lined out with his province in 1999 when Munster qualified to play Connacht in the final. The game was a largely dull affair, with the


title: Anthony Lynch (Gaelic footballer)

texts:
 southern province securing a 0–1 to 0–6 victory and a Railway Cup winners' medal for <mask>. It was the first of four consecutive call-ups to the Munster team, however, <mask>'s province

International
<mask> has also been chosen for duty with the Ireland team in the International Rules Series against Australia. He first lined out for his country in the first test in 2002.Australia, however, narrowly won that game by 65 points to 58 points. The second test ended in a 42 points apiece draw. As a result of this Ireland lost by an aggregate score of 7 points. <mask>'s football prowess earned him a place on the Ireland team again in 2003. A close series of games developed once again. Australia won the first test by 10 points; however, Ireland narrowed the margin of victory to just 3 points for the second test a week later. A 101–94 aggregate score line gave Australia a second consecutive International Rules title.After failing to make the squad in 2004, <mask> was included in the Ireland squad that travelled to Australia for the International Rules series the following year. It was a disappointing two-game series as Ireland were trounced in both tests. A 163–106 aggregate score line resulted in a defeat for <mask>'s Ireland side. Honours

Naomh Abán
Cork Intermediate Football Championship:
Winner (1): 1999

Cork
Munster Senior Football Championship:
Winner (5): 1999, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2009 (sub)
Runner-up (3): 2001, 2005, 2007
National Football League (Div 1):
Winner (1): 1998–99
National Football League (Div 2):
Winner (1): 2009

Munster
Railway Cup:
Winner (1): 1999

References

1977 births
Living people
Naomh Abán Gaelic footballers
Cork inter-county Gaelic footballers
Munster inter-provincial Gaelic footballers
Irish international


title: Gloria Foster

texts:
<mask> (November 15, 1933 – September 29, 2001) was an American actress. She had acclaimed roles in plays In White America and Having Our Say, winning three Obie Awards during her career. She played the Oracle in The Matrix (1999) and The Matrix Reloaded (2003) films, the latter film being her last. She played the role of the mother of Yusef Bell in the mini series The Atlanta Child Murders which aired in 1985. Early life
<mask> was born on November 15, 1933, in Chicago, Illinois. As a young child she was put into the custody of her maternal grandparents. She never knew who her father was and she moved to Janesville, Wisconsin after her mother was hospitalized for a mental illness.She attended the University of Illinois at Chicago, where she participated in plays, but did not focus on acting. She decided to be a professional actor when her godmother introduced her to the Goodman Theatre in Chicago. She became one of the few African Americans at the Goodman School of Drama at the Art Institute of Chicago (now at DePaul University). During her studying at the Goodman School she also, "learned professional acting skills in the Court Theater at the University of Chicago". One of her most influential instructors was Bella Itkin, who cast <mask> in many classical roles. <mask> began acting  on Broadway in 1963. Her first role was Ruth in the show of A Raisin in the Sun.Her first professional performance was In White America. <mask>, "play[s] a 13-year-old Arkansas girl who tries to enter her Little Rock school". She won an Obie Award or Off-Broadway Theater Award. Instead having to audition for roles, people started to

masks:
Gloria Foster
Foster
Gloria
Gloria Foster
Foster


title: Gloria Foster

texts:
 make parts for her to be in. She was known for her work with Joe Papp, and appeared in his productions of Long Day's Journey into Night, Chekhov's Cherry Orchard, Brecht's Mother Courage (adapted by Ntozake Shange), and Shakespeare's Coriolanus. <mask> searched for roles in which she could perform to the best of her ability. She once said, "Young people today, I think, are thinking in terms of stepping stones.…I don't know that I ever thought that way.It sounds ridiculous, but I was always thinking in terms of a more difficult role". Personal life

<mask> married the actor Clarence Williams III in 1967. They appeared on an episode of Williams's television show The Mod Squad that ran from 1968 to 1973; <mask> made two guest appearances. The two acted together in a 1964 film, The Cool World. Williams was the one to announce her death in 2001. While <mask> did not have many close relatives,  she stayed in contact with her Delta Sigma Theta sorority sister, Cicely Tyson. Tyson stated that, although they did not see each other often, their telephone conversations would often last for hours.Highlights
Moving from the New York stage, <mask> started to do roles on the big screen. She was in many theatrical performances and also performed some roles on television. The Cool World (1964) – This was <mask>'s first appearance on a full-length feature film. She played Mrs. Custis. It was on the set of this film that she starred next to her future husband, Clarence Williams III. Nothing But a Man (1964) – <mask> plays a woman named Lee, who lives with the main character's (Duff Anderson) father. She was also active in television,

masks:
Foster
Foster
Foster
Foster
Gloria Foster
Gloria Foster
Gloria Foster


title: Gloria Foster

texts:
 appearing in such programs as I Spy, two episodes of Law & Order and The Cosby Show (1987).Her character in both Law and Order episodes, named Satima Tate, was based on the widow of Malcolm X, Betty Shabazz. The first episode, titled Conspiracy (1992), was based on Malcolm X's assassination. Malcolm X was played by Hal Miller. The second episode, titled Entrapment (1997), focused on her character's children's acts of revenge against the people they believed were really responsible. She returned to theatre again in 1995, acting alongside Mary Alice (who was later to replace her in The Matrix films following her death), appearing as 103-year-old Sadie Delany, in Having Our Say, on Broadway at the Booth Theatre, for which she received rave reviews. The Matrix (1999) and The Matrix Reloaded (2003) – She played the Oracle, however, she died during filming and was thus unable to portray her role in the third film. As a result, Mary Alice replaced her in The Matrix Revolutions and Enter the Matrix.Death

<mask> died on September 29, 2001, at age 67. The cause of her death was diabetes. A memorial was held at Cypress Hills Cemetery in Brooklyn on October 15, 2001. Martin Duberman, the author of In White America, told the audience about her 1963 performance that, "she embodied it. At the end of the scene each night, there were tears streaming down her face, her body was trembling, but her dignity was intact ... <mask> had to be covered with blankets in order to calm her shaking". She is interred in Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York. Filmography

Film
 The Cool World (1964) as Mrs. Custis
 Nothing But a Man (1964) as

masks:
Gloria Foster
Foster


title: Gloria Foster

texts:
 Lee
 The Comedians (1967) as Mrs. Philipot
 The Angel Levine (1970) as Sally
 Man and Boy (1972) as Ivy Revers
 Leonard Part 6 (1987) as Medusa
 City of Hope (1991) as Jeanette
 The Matrix (1999) as The Oracle
 The Matrix Reloaded (2003) as The Oracle (posthumous release)
 The Matrix Resurrections (2021) as The Oracle (Archive Footage)

Television
 The Bill Cosby Show as Dolores Winters
 I Spy (1968) as Shana
 The Outcasts (1968), "Take Your Lover in The Ring", Episode #5, as Sabina
 Mod Squad (1969) as Jenny
 To All My Friends on Shore (1972) as Serena
 Top Secret (1978) as Judith
 The Files on Jill Hatch (1983) as Mrs. Hatch
 House of Dies Drear (1984) as Sheila Small
 The Atlanta Child Murders (1985) (miniseries) as Camille Bell
 The Cosby Show (1987) as Dr. Barbara Bracy
 Separate but Equal (1991) as Buster
 Law & Order (1992 and 1997) as Mrs. Tate
 Percy & Thunder (1993) as Sugar Brown

References

External links

 <mask> Biography, UMass.<mask> Biography, New York Times. Gloria Is The Glory, New York Times, March 26, 1972. 1933 births
2001 deaths
Burials at Cypress Hills Cemetery
Deaths from diabetes
Actresses from Chicago
Actresses from Wisconsin
Obie Award recipients
University of Illinois alumni
DePaul University alumni
Burials at Kensico Cemetery
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
African-American actresses
American television actresses
American film actresses
American stage actresses
Delta Sigma Theta members
People from Janesville, Wisconsin
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women
21st-century

masks:
Gloria Foster
Gloria Foster


title: Ibn Mada'

texts:
Abu al-Abbas Ahmad bin Abd al-Rahman bin Muhammad bin Sa'id bin Harith bin Asim al-Lakhmi al-Qurtubi, better known as <mask> (; 1116–1196) was an Arab Muslim polymath from Córdoba in Islamic Spain. <mask> was notable for having challenged the traditional formation of Arabic grammar and of the common understanding of linguistic governance among Arab grammarians, performing an overhaul first suggested by Al-Jahiz 200 years prior. He is considered the first linguist in history to address the subject of dependency in the grammatical sense in which it is understood today, and was instrumental during the Almohad reforms as chief judge of the Almohad Caliphate. Biography

Education
<mask>'s exact date of birth is a matter of dispute, having been listed as both 1116 and 1119 according to the Gregorian calendar. His family was famous within their local community. <mask> was not known to have traveled outside of Cordoba prior to his academic study. He grew up in a family of noble origin, and as a youth he seemed to concern himself only with pursuing his education.In addition to religion, he was also well-versed in geometry and medicine. He moved from Cordoba to Seville where he studied Arabic grammar and syntax from the works of Sibawayh. Later, he left the Iberian Peninsula for Ceuta in North Africa in order to study historiography and prophetic tradition with Muslim academic Qadi Ayyad. <mask> was most affected by his linguistic study, excelling so far as to develop his own independent opinions in regard to disputes among grammarians. Career
<mask> initially served as a judge in Fes in present-day Morocco and later at Béjaïa in present-day Algeria. It was during his initial judgeship that he

masks:
Ibn Maḍāʾ
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada


title: Ibn Mada'

texts:
 was a teacher of fellow Andalusian theologian and litterateur, <mask> al-Kalby. Later on, Almohad Caliph Abu Yaqub Yusuf chose him to serve as the chief judge for the caliphate.He served in Fes, Marrakesh and Seville, outliving Abu Yaqub to serve under the caliph's son Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur and remaining as the empire's chief judge for the remainder of his life. During the Almohad reforms, he assisted the Almohad authorities in banning any and all religious books written by non-Zahirites during the reign of Abu Yaqub Yusuf, and oversaw the outright burning of such books under Yusuf's son Abu Yusuf Yaqub al-Mansur. <mask>āʾs adherence to Zahirism has been described by Dutch arabist Kees Versteegh as "fanatical." He died in Seville the Islamic calendar month of Jumada al-awwal during the Hijri year of 592, corresponding to 1196 in the Gregorian calendar, just as he was approaching eighty years of age. Views
<mask> rose to fame as one of the first to launch attack on Arabic grammar theory and called for its reformation. Although he was concerned with attacking all major schools of Arabic grammar, he was focused on the grammar of the linguists of Basra, as it was the most popular school around him. His attack on eastern Arabic grammar was violent yet reasoned and eloquent, defending his view that grammar as it was understood in that region was complicated, casuistic, obscure and artificial; <mask> instead called for building simple and clear grammar based on true facts of the language.Among his ideas which were considered revolutionary both during his life and with renewed interest in his work during the 1950s was the abolition of governance and linguistic analogy. <mask> felt that

masks:
Ibn Dihya
Ibn Maḍ
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada


title: Ibn Mada'

texts:
 scholarly work on the Arabic language was intentionally convoluted and inaccessible to both non-native speakers and laymen Arabs, and that an overall simplification of language and grammar would enhance overall comprehension of Arabic. <mask> held great respect for the language as the native speakers understood it, and while he emphasized a simplification of grammar he did not advocate a complete overhaul of the entire language. His Zahirite views in Muslim jurisprudence influenced his views in linguistics. He explicitly denied the ability of human beings to willfully choose what they say and how they say it, since speech – like all other things – is predetermined by God. Because Arabic grammarians during <mask>'s time often linked the spoken language to grammatical causes, they earned both his linguistic and theological ire. In his view, the Zahirite denial of legal causality in regard to Islamic law carried over into a denial of linguistic causality in regard to Arabic grammar.<mask>'s reaction toward Arabic grammar and grammarians wasn't without provocation. Both earlier Zahirite jurists such as <mask>m and al-Ballūṭī and some Shafi'ites sparred with Hanafite jurists who sought to justify practices such as Istihsan, anathema to the more orthodox schools, on the basis of grammatical and linguistic arguments. Thus suspicion and antagonism toward grammarians in the east, where the Hanafite rite predominated, had already been started before <mask> began his whole-scale vehemence. Legacy

Influence
<mask>'s mastery of the Arabic language and its subfields was so great that, at the time, he was said to have been isolated from the general body of scholarship in terms of sheer knowledge.

masks:
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Haz
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada


title: Ibn Mada'

texts:
 His refutation was written toward the end of his life and demonstrated his clarity of thought and independent judgment, causing his student <mask> al-Kalby to brand him as the leader of all grammarians. His critical views of Arabic grammar as it was taught in the eastern Muslim world found an audience with other linguistic and religious scholars of the western half, Abu Hayyan Al Gharnati being one example. Gharnati also criticized so-called "eastern grammarians" and, after his treatise on the non-existence of grammatic causality, cited <mask> as his inspiration.Although <mask>, Abu Hayyan and <mask> shared their Zahirite and Andalusian backgrounds, not all of <mask>'s intellectual descendants shared these traits. Thus, while <mask> opened the discussion regarding the competence of grammarians, suspicion surrounding them and the religious implications of their work continued even after his death. In the mid-20th century, the rediscovery of <mask>'s Refutation by Egyptian linguist Shawqi Daif caused minor shockwaves. Convinced that <mask>'s abolition of linguistic analogy and governance were the solutions to the failure of Arabic language education, Daif used this foundation for his later advocacy of modernizing language arts education in the Middle East. So strong was <mask>'s refutation of grammarians that University of Oxford Laudian Professor of Arabic Geert Jan van Gelder referred to <mask> as the Sextus Empiricus of the Arab world. Works
 ()
 ()
 ()

References

1116 births
1196 deaths
12th-century Arabs
12th-century Muslim scholars of Islam
Arab grammarians
Medieval grammarians of Arabic
Medieval Moorish mathematicians
Medieval Arab mathematicians
Zahiris
12th-century

masks:
Ibn Dihya
Ibn Mada
Ibn Dihya
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada
Ibn Mada


title: Edward Natapei

texts:
<mask>i (17 July 1954 – 28 July 2015) was a Vanuatuan politician. He was the prime minister of Vanuatu on two occasions, and was previously the minister of Foreign Affairs briefly in 1991, the acting president of Vanuatu from 2 March 1999 to 24 March 1999 (during a time in which he was the speaker of Parliament) and the deputy prime minister. He was the president of the Vanua'aku Pati, a socialist, Anglophone political party. Politics
<mask> was first elected to Parliament in 1983. In 1996, he was elected as speaker of Parliament, and in 1999 he was elected as President of Vanua'aku Pati. In a parliamentary vote on 25 November 1999, <mask> was a candidate for the position of Prime Minister, but was defeated by Barak Sopé, receiving 24 votes against 28 for Sope. When Sopé lost a vote of no confidence, <mask> became Prime Minister on 13 April 2001, receiving 27 votes in parliament, with one vote against him.He retained the position after the May 2002 election. Even though his party performed poorly in the July 2004 election, he was re-elected as a Member of Parliament for the Port Vila Constituency with the highest number of votes. He supported Ham Lini for the post of Prime Minister, but Lini was defeated; however, Serge Vohor was ousted in a motion of no confidence and Ham Lini was elected Prime Minister. Being Vanua'aku Party President entitled <mask> to the post of Speaker of the House, which he declined and referred to Sam Dan Avock, who was a Party Executive Member. <mask> became minister for Infrastructure and Public Utilities in the Lini-led government in July 2005. A split in Vanua'aku Pati was resolved in August 2005, and <mask> was re-elected as its President, receiving 124 votes against 67 for Sela Molisa. In late July 2007 he became

masks:
Edward Nipake Natapei Tuta Fanuarak
Natapei
Natapei
Natapei
Natapei
Natapei
Natapei


title: Edward Natapei

texts:
 Minister of Public Utilities again, replacing Serge Vohor, as well as becoming Deputy Prime Minister.Second term as Prime Minister (2008–2011)
<mask> was elected Prime Minister on 22 September 2008, by the Parliament of Vanuatu after three weeks of negotiations following the country's September 2nd general election. <mask> received 27 of the 52 votes in Parliament to become Prime Minister for a second time and a second non-consecutive term. He narrowly beat his nearest opponent, Maxime Carlot Korman, another former Vanuatu Prime Minister and the leader of the Vanuatu Republican Party, who captured 25 votes in Parliament. <mask> succeeded Ham Lini as Prime Minister and headed a new coalition government encompassing his own Vanua'aku Pati, as well as Lini's National United Party, independents and several smaller political parties, such as Namangi Aute. <mask> pledged to continue the policies and reforms of the outgoing Lini government. He announced that some of his government's primary policies would include transparency, good governance and fighting corruption. Opposition leader Maxime Carlot Korman attempted a vote of no confidence motion just two days after <mask> became Prime Minister.The Opposition, led by Korman, claimed that two MPs had defected from the Natapei coalition and were now supporting Korman. However, the Speaker of the Parliament George Wells rejected Korman's motion against <mask> on a technicality saying that one of the two MPs in question had not withdrawn their support for <mask>'s government. A no-confidence vote was nevertheless held on 3 October 2008, but the motion was defeated, with 20 votes in favor and 31 votes against. Because <mask>'s government won the vote by a substantial margin, it was expected that the

masks: Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei


title: Edward Natapei

texts: political situation would be stabilized as a result. Nevertheless, another motion of no confidence was attempted on 25 November 2008; <mask> survived the vote by a narrow margin of 26 to 24. Three Vanua'aku Pati MPs signed the motion of no confidence, and after they refused to withdraw their signatures, Natapei suspended them from the party immediately prior to the vote. In November 2009 Prime Minister <mask>, facing another vote of no confidence, organized a second major cabinet reshuffle.<mask> removed half of his cabinet members and cut ties with two political parties, the National United Party and the Vanuatu Republican Party, when it was revealed that the parties and their members were planning to launch a no confidence motion against his government. <mask> replaced the sacked cabinet members with sixteen members from the opposition Alliance. Among the highest profile reshuffles, Ham Lini, <mask>'s predecessor and a member of the NUP, was replaced as <mask>'s deputy prime minister by the leader of the Alliance bloc, Sato Kilman. In 2010 Maxime Carlot Korman was replaced as the Speaker of parliament by George Wells only for Kormanti to return later and succeed Wells in the position again . Alliance leader Sato Kilman confirmed that because of the reshuffle the Natapei government now had the support of 33 of the 52 MPs in the House. On 27 November 2009, <mask> became ineligible to continue serving as Prime Minister. His parliamentary seat was declared vacant as he had missed three parliamentary sittings without informing the Speaker of the House.Despite being overseas on legitimate parliamentary business, his staff had failed to file the necessary paperwork with the Speaker to give notice of his absence. Serge Vohor became the acting Prime

masks: Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei


title: Edward Natapei

texts:
 Minister. On December 5, however, Chief Justice Vincent Lunabek ruled that "the Speaker’s decision to unseat the PM on 27 November 2009 was ‘unconstitutional and of no legal effect’". On December 10, Parliament formally confirmed their confidence in <mask>, who thus remained Prime Minister. As of June 2010 <mask> retained the Prime Ministership, with the support of 34 MPs (against 18 for the Opposition). On December 2, 2010 <mask> was ousted by a vote of no confidence. He was succeeded by Sato Kilman.On June 16, 2011 however, Chief Justice Vincent Lunabek ruled in a case put forward by <mask>, contesting the constitutionality of Kilman's election. Lunabek ruled that Kilman's election to office had indeed been unconstitutional, as "[t]he speaker of Parliament Maxime Carlot Korman [had] appointed Mr Kilman prime minister without following article 41 of the constitution which required he be elected by secret ballot". Kilman's premiership was annulled, and <mask> was restored as interim Prime Minister, instructed to convene Parliament for the election of a new Prime Minister. <mask> immediately indicated that he himself would not be a candidate for the position, and that he would support Serge Vohor's candidacy. During his interim premiership, Natapei cancelled Vanuatu's diplomatic recognition of Abkhazia, issued by Kilman the previous month. On June 26, Parliament elected Sato Kilman to the premiership, with 29 votes to Serge Vohor's 23, thus ending <mask>'s interim duties. First cabinet

<mask> named his government's cabinet line-up on 22 September 2008, the day of his election as Prime Minister.His cabinet included members of his own Vanua'aku Pati (VP) as well as the National United Party (VNUP). <mask>'s predecessor, outgoing Prime Minister

masks: Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei


title: Edward Natapei

texts:
 Ham Lini, was named as the new Minister for Public Utilities and Works. <mask>'s full cabinet included:
 Bakoa Kaltongga as the Minister of Justice and Social Welfare (VP)
 Sela Molisa as Finance Minister (VP)
 Paul Telukluk as Lands Minister (Namangi Aute) (Telukluk is the lone member of Natapei's cabinet from Namangi Aute.) On 21 March 2013, Kilman resigned, after eight of his MPs (including two government ministers) had crossed the floor to join the Opposition. <mask> backed Moana Carcasses Kalosil (leader of the Green Confederation) as the new Prime Minister, and Carcasses appointed him Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs on 23 March. As Minister for Foreign Affairs, he applied Carcasses' policy in beginning a clean-up of the sale of diplomatic passports by previous governments. Within his first few days in office, he revoked the passports of "about ten" diplomats who are understood to have bought them.In a review praised by Transparency International, he indicated that more than two thirds of the country's diplomats could lose their position, as their appointment had not followed proper procedures. <mask> lost office when the Carcasses government was brought down by a motion of no confidence on 15 May 2014. <mask> died on 28 July 2015 at the age of 61 following a long illness. References

External links

 Government of Vanuatu – official website
 Pacific Magazine: Vanuatu promises new backing for West Papuans
 Prime Minister <mask> addresses the United Nations General Assembly, September 27, 2010

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1954 births
2015 deaths
Presidents of Vanuatu
Prime Ministers of Vanuatu
Speakers of the Parliament of Vanuatu
Foreign Ministers of Vanuatu
Members of the Parliament of Vanuatu
Vanua'aku Pati politicians
Vanuatuan

masks: Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei Natapei


title: Greg Tate

texts:
<mask> (October 14, 1957December 7, 2021) was an American writer, musician, and producer. A long-time critic for The Village Voice, <mask> focused particularly on African-American music and culture, helping to establish hip-hop as a genre worthy of music criticism. Flyboy in the Buttermilk: Essays on Contemporary America (1992) collected 40 of his works for the Voice and he published a sequel, Flyboy 2, in 2016. A musician himself, he was a founding member of the Black Rock Coalition and the leader of Burnt Sugar. Early life and education
<mask> was born on October 14, 1957, in Dayton, Ohio. When he was 13 years old, his family moved to Washington, D.C. His parents Charles and Florence (Grinner) <mask> were civil rights movement activists involved in the Congress of Racial Equality, and played Malcolm X speeches and Nina Simone's music around the house. <mask> credited Amiri Baraka's Black Music and Rolling Stone, which he first read when he was 14, with stimulating his interest in collecting and writing about music.As a teenager, <mask> taught himself how to play guitar. He attended Howard University, where he studied journalism and film. Career

Early career and music
In 1981, following an introduction by family friend Thulani Davis, The Village Voice critic Robert Christgau asked <mask> to contribute to the Voice. The following year <mask> moved to New York City, where he developed friendships with other musicians, including James "Blood" Ulmer and Vernon Reid. In 1985, he co-founded the Black Rock Coalition (BRC) with some of the African-American musicians he knew who had a common interest in playing rock music, writing in a manifesto that the group "opposes those racist and reactionary forces

masks:
Gregory Stephen Tate
Tate
Gregory Stephen Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate
Tate