title: Otto Neitzel

texts:
 Beethovens Symphonien - nach ihrem Stimmengehalt erläutert (mit zahlreichen Notenbeispielen), Tonger, Köln 1891

Titel

Innenseite
 Thematischer Leitfaden durch das Programm des 69. Niederrheinischen Musikfestes, Köln 1892.Camille Saint-Saëns, Harmonie Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 1899
 Einführung in Hauseggers Zinnober, Ahn, Köln 1898
 (mit L. Riemann), Musikästhetische Betrachtungen, Breitkopf und Härtel, Leipzig 1907, 3. Auflage: 1909
 Aus meiner Musikantenmappe - Ernstes und Heiteres, Loesdau, Berlin 1914 (Rev.3,4 p. 27,6)
 Der Führer durch die Deutsche Oper, Cotta, Stuttgart 1920. Records (Rev.A,B)
 Edison Phonograph: 23 January 1890 at Rudolf Ibach und Sohn am Neumarkt in Köln, 1.24 Min., Aufnahme von Adelbert Theodor Wangemann, Auszüge 3. Satz "Klavierkonzert No2" f-Moll, Frédéric Chopin. Source: Thomas Edison National Historical Park, West Orange, NJ, USA. http://www.nps.gov/edis/photosmultimedia/prince-bismarck-and-count-moltke-before-the-recording-horn.htm
 Welter-Flügel: 2 Lochstreifenrollen, ca. 1910, ca.5 Min., "Davidsbündler Tänze", Robert Schumann, Musik-instrumenten-museum Berlin, Deutschland. Literatur
 Eintrag in der Deutschen Biographischen Enzyklopädie  (Rev.1)
 Hans Engel: <mask>, in: Pommersche Lebensbilder, Band 1: Pommern des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts (A. Hofmeister, Erich Randt und M. Wehrmann, Hrsg. ), Sauniers, Stettin 1934, S. 391-394. Pommersche Lebensbilder, Band 1: Pommern des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts, edited by Martin Wehrmann et al., Stettin 1934. Weblinks
 * Commons: <mask> – Sammlung von

masks:
Otto Neitzel
Otto Neitzel


title: Otto Neitzel

type: original

texts:
 Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
 * Literatur von und über <mask>zel im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek
 * <mask>, Kniestück, Profil, mit Flügel, Fotografie von Westendorp im Archiv der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
 * Neitzels Recording in the Edison Archiv: (Rev.A)
 * http://www.nps.gov/edis/photosmultimedia/prince-bismarck-and-count-moltke-before-the-recording-horn.htm
 * Free Library of Philadelphia (Fleisher Collection): https://catalog.freelibrary.org/Record/850208
 * Article about the Edison Recording Expedition through Europe by Stefan Puille and the transcriptionand identification of the wx-cylinder with Neitzels record for the Edison Archive: http://www.cylinder.de/deeplink_resource_bismarck.html  (Rev.A)

Singel Evidences
 Neitzels sister Helene made career as a Concert-singer, his brother Erich, a trade-construction-counselor, composed too. Loeser sponsored later the music talented Severin Eisenberger. <mask> in der Datenbank der Akademie der Künste
 The "Köllnische Zeitung" from the 27th Januar 1890 is from the cut out desk Berliner Bundesarchiv, Bestand R 4701 Reichspostministerium: Akte 5578, Phonographen, 1878-1919. (Rev.C)
 http://www.nps.gov/edis/photosmultimedia/prince-bismarck-and-count-moltke-before-the-recording-horn.htm (Rev.C)
 Article about the Edison Recording Expedition through Europe by Stefan Puille:  http://www.cylinder.de/deeplink_resource_bismarck.html  (RevA)

From 1873 to 1875 he was a student of Franz Liszt. He composed several operas. Neitzel died in

masks:
Otto Neit
Otto Neitzel
Otto Neitzel


title: Alexei Shirov

texts:
<mask> (, ; born 4 July 1972) is a Latvian and Spanish chess player. <mask> was ranked number two in the world in 1994. He won a match against Vladimir Kramnik in 1998 to qualify to play as challenger for the classical world championship match with Garry Kasparov. However it never took place for lack of sponsorship. Career
<mask> became the world under-16 champion in 1988 and was the runner-up at the World Junior Championship in 1990 (second on tiebreaks to Ilya Gurevich). In the same year, he achieved the title of Grandmaster. <mask> is the winner of numerous international tournaments: Biel 1991, Madrid 1997 (shared first place with Veselin Topalov), Ter Apel 1997, Monte Carlo 1998, Mérida 2000, Paul Keres Memorial Rapid Tournament in Tallinn (2004, 2005, 2011, 2012, 2013), Canadian Open Chess Championship 2005.He reached second on the FIDE rating list in January and July 1994, behind Anatoly Karpov, though Garry Kasparov was excluded from those lists and was rated higher. In 1998 <mask>'s ranking rose again, to number four in the PCA rating list. On the basis of this rating, he was invited to play a ten-game match against Vladimir Kramnik to select a challenger for PCA World Champion Garry Kasparov. <mask> won the match with two wins, no losses and seven draws. However, the plans for the Kasparov match fell through when sufficient financial backing could not be found. When Kasparov instead played Kramnik for Kasparov's world title in 2000, <mask> maintained that the match was invalid and he was the rightful challenger. In 2000, <mask> reached the final of the FIDE World Chess Championship, losing 3½–½ to Viswanathan Anand.In 2002, he played in the Candidates Tournament to choose a challenger for Classical World Champion Kramnik. He won his group of four, but lost his semi-final 2½–½ to eventual winner Peter

masks:
Alexei Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov


title: Alexei Shirov

texts: Leko. In May–June 2007 he played in the Candidates Tournament of the World Chess Championship 2007. He won his first round match against Michael Adams (+1−1=4, won in rapid playoff), but was eliminated when he lost his second round match to Levon Aronian (+0−1=5). this is <mask>'s last appearance at a Candidates Tournament. In November–December 2007 <mask> played in the Chess World Cup 2007, which was a qualifier for the World Chess Championship 2010. He made the final, but lost the final 2½–1½ to Gata Kamsky.In May 2009, <mask> won the category 21 M-Tel Masters 2009 tournament, held in Sofia, Bulgaria. In September 2010, <mask> participated in the Grand Slam Chess Masters preliminary tournament in Shanghai, where he faced world No. 4 Levon Aronian, world No. 5 Vladimir Kramnik, and Wang Hao; the top two scorers qualified for the Grand Slam final supertournament from October 9 to 15 in Bilbao against world No. 1 Magnus Carlsen and World Champion Viswanathan Anand. After drawing his first two games, <mask> then won three consecutive games, including his first victory over Kramnik since 2003. Finishing with 4½/6 points, <mask> won the tournament, qualifying along with Kramnik for the Grand Slam final.In May 2011, <mask> won a strong round-robin tournament in Lublin, Poland, the 3rd Lublin Union Memorial 2011 with a score of 5/7. In December 2011, he switched back federations from Spain to Latvia. In February 2012, <mask> won the Aivars Gipslis Memorial in Riga with 8 points out of 9. In June 2012 <mask> won the Buenos Aires Masters Tournament (category 13) with 5½/7. In August 2013, he played in the Chess World Cup. He won his first round match against Hou Yifan, and was eliminated when he lost his second round match to Wei Yi. In August 2015, <mask> won the 5th Riga Technical University Open edging out Robert

masks:
Shirov
Shirov
Alexei Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov
Shirov


title: Alexei Shirov

texts:
 Hovhannisyan on tiebreak score, after both players finished on 7½/9.In March 2017, <mask> won the Mikhail Tal Memorial blitz tournament in Jūrmala scoring 9½/11 points. In 2018 and 2019, he won the 5th and 6th Arica Open. In September 2020, during the FIDE Online Chess Olympiad 2020, <mask> won the Gazprom Brilliancy Prize for his win as Black against Danyyil Dvirnyy in the Slav Defense, involving a queen sacrifice in a queenside attack, and achieved an overall score of 13/15 (+12−1=2) playing for the Spanish team. In February 2021, <mask> won the 3rd Salamanca Chess Festival with a score of 6/7. Personal life
<mask> is of Russian descent. In 1994 he married an Argentine, Verónica Alvarez, moved to Tarragona, and became a citizen of Spain. He was married to Lithuanian Viktorija Čmilytė, also a chess grandmaster, from 2001 to 2007.Shortly before the Shanghai 2010 tournament, <mask> got married for a third time to WIM Olga Dolgova. At that time he still played for Spain, but he and his wife also had an apartment in Riga, Latvia. Playing style

<mask> is one of the greatest tactical players and is noted for his attacking style and often excels in complications, a tendency which has led to comparisons with fellow Latvian and former world champion, Mikhail Tal, under whom he studied in his youth. <mask> is also a fantastic endgame player. has been regarded by some to be among the greatest chess moves of all time. Chess books

<mask> has written two books on his best games:

References

Further reading

External links

1972 births
Living people
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Latvian chess players
Spanish chess players
Soviet chess players
Sportspeople from Riga
Latvian chess writers
World Youth Chess Champions
Latvian emigrants to Spain
Naturalised citizens of Spain
Latvian people of Russian

masks: Shirov Shirov Shirov Shirov Shirov Shirov Shirov Shirov


title: Aviva Kempner

texts:
<mask> (born December 23, 1946) is a German-born American filmmaker. Her documentaries investigate non-stereotypical images of Jews in history and focus on the untold stories of Jewish people. She is most well known for The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg. Life and career
A child of Holocaust survivor Helen Ciesla, a Polish citizen, and <mask>, a US Army officer, <mask> was born in Berlin, Germany, after World War II. Her family history inspired her to create her first documentary, Partisans of Vilna (1986). She grew up in Detroit and has a brother, Jonathan. <mask> lives in Washington, DC and is an activist for voting rights for the District of Columbia.She was a member of the Class of 1976 at the progressive Antioch School of Law. In 1981, Kempner founded The Ciesla Foundation to produce films that investigate non-stereotypical images of Jews in history and celebrate the untold stories of Jewish heroes. In 1986, Kempner conceived and produced Partisans of Vilna, a documentary on Jewish resistance against the Nazis, Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye. She co-founded the Washington Jewish Film Festival in 1989 together with Miriam Mörsel Nathan, and served as the festival's Founding Director. Additionally, she was the executive producer of the 1989 Grammy Award-nominated record Partisans of Vilna: The Songs of World War II Jewish Resistance. She is the scriptwriter, director and producer of The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg, a film about first Jewish baseball star in the Major Leagues. In 2009, she produced Yoo-Hoo, Mrs. Goldberg, a 90-minute documentary about Gertrude Berg, a popular American radio and television personalities who received the first Best Actress Emmy in history and paved the way for women in media and entertainment.Berg was the creator, principal writer, and star of the popular 1930s radio show and then the 1950s

masks:
Aviva Kempner
Harold Kempner
Kempner
Kempner


title: Aviva Kempner

texts:
 Washington Jewish Week and The Washington Post. Kempner said in a 2009 interview with FF2 Media's Jan Huttner: "In The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg, we use this line: 'When America needed a hero, a Jewish slugger stepped to the plate.' I think you can also say: 'When America needed a hero, a Jewish mother was there for you.'" <mask> is currently co-producing and co-directing Imagining the Indian: The Fight Against Native American Mascoting, a full length documentary exploring the history of using Native American images in mascoting and the fight to change the name of current professional sports teams. Kempner is also producing and directing a short film, Pissed Off, exploring the under-publicized struggles faced by female lawmakers in Congress who advocated for equal access to restroom facilities in their place of work, the United States Capitol, and a full length documentary on Academy Award winning Hollywood screenwriter, Ben Hecht. Ben Hecht was a Jewish screenwriter as well as novelist, playwright, journalist, and activist.He worked to rescue European Jewry and helped to expose the nature of the Holocaust and the need for a Jewish homeland to the American public. Awards and accolades
Source:
 Member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
 1996 Guggenheim Fellowship
 2000 DC Mayor's Art Award
 2001 Women of Vision Award, D.C.’s Women in Film and Video chapter
 2001 Media Arts Award, The National Foundation for Jewish Culture
 2009 San Francisco Jewish Film Festival's Freedom of Expression Awardee
 2017 Bernardo O'Higgins Award
 2018 Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from the University of the District of Columbia

Publications

Filmography (director/producer)

Partisans of Vilna (1986) (producer only)
The Life and Times of Hank Greenberg (1999),  awarded the Audience Awards at the Hamptons International Film


title: William Bendix

texts:
<mask> (January 14, 1906 – December 14, 1964) was an American film, radio, and television actor, who typically played rough, blue-collar characters. He is best remembered in films for the title role in The Babe Ruth Story. He also portrayed the clumsily earnest aircraft plant worker Chester A. Riley in both the radio and television versions of The Life of Riley. He received an Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actor for Wake Island (1942). <mask> was a frequent co-star of Alan Ladd, the two appearing in ten films together; both actors coincidentally died in 1964. Early life
<mask> was born in Manhattan, the only child of Oscar and Hilda (Carnell) <mask>. Named <mask> after his paternal German grandfather, his uncle was composer, conductor, and violinist <mask>.In the early 1920s, <mask> was a batboy for the New York Yankees and said he saw Babe Ruth hit more than 100 home runs at Yankee Stadium. However, he was fired after fulfilling Ruth's request for a large order of hot dogs and soda before a game, which resulted in Ruth being unable to play that day. He worked as a grocer until the Great Depression. Career

Film

<mask> began his acting career at age 30 in the New Jersey Federal Theatre Project. He made his film debut in 1942. He played in supporting roles in dozens of Hollywood films, usually as a warm-hearted gangster, detective or serviceman. He began with appearances in film noir, including a supporting role in The Glass Key (1942), which featured Brian Donlevy, Alan Ladd and Veronica Lake in the leads.He soon gained attention after appearing in Alfred Hitchcock's Lifeboat (1944) as Gus, a wounded and dying American sailor. <mask>'s other well-known movie roles include his portrayal of Babe Ruth in The Babe Ruth Story (1948) – a film roundly considered one of the worst sports biopics in film history and

masks:
William Bendix
Bendix
Bendix
Bendix
William
Max Bendix
Bendix
Bendix
Bendix


title: William Bendix

texts:
 Sir Sagramore opposite Bing Crosby in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1949), in which he took part in the trio, "Busy Doing Nothing". He played Nick the bartender in the film version of <mask>an's The Time of Your Life (1948) starring James Cagney. <mask> had appeared in the stage version, but in the role of Officer Krupp (a role played on film by Broderick Crawford). He was cast in The Blue Dahlia (1946), appearing for the second time alongside Ladd and Lake. <mask> starred in a film adaptation of his radio program The Life of Riley (1949). Radio and television
<mask>'s appearance in the Hal Roach-produced film The McGuerins from Brooklyn (1942), playing a rugged blue-collar man, led to his best-remembered role.Producer and creator Irving Brecher saw <mask> as the perfect personification of Chester A. Riley, giving a second chance to a show whose audition failed when the sponsor spurned Groucho Marx for the lead. With <mask> stumbling, bumbling, and skating almost perpetually on thin ice, stretching the patience of his otherwise loving wife and children, The Life of Riley was a radio hit from 1944 through 1951, and <mask> brought an adaptation of the film version to Lux Radio Theatre. The show began as a proposed Groucho Marx radio series, The Flotsam Family, but the sponsor balked at what would have been essentially a straight head-of-household role for the comedian. Then creator and producer Irving Brecher saw <mask> as taxicab company owner Tim McGuerin in The McGuerins from Brooklyn. Brecher stated, "He was a Brooklyn guy and there was something about him. I thought, This guy could play it. He'd made a few films, like Lifeboat, but he was not a name.So I took The Flotsam Family script, revised it, made it a Brooklyn Family, took out the flippancies and made it more meat-and-potatoes, and thought of a new

masks:
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title: William Bendix

texts: title, The Life of Riley. <mask>'s delivery and the spin he put on his lines made it work." The reworked script cast <mask> as blundering Chester A. Riley, a wing riveter at the fictional Cunningham Aircraft plant in California. His frequent exclamation of indignation"What a revoltin' development this is! "became one of the catchphrases of the 1940s. It was later reused by Benjamin J. Grimm of the Fantastic Four. <mask> was not able to play the role on television because of a contracted film commitment.The part instead went to Jackie Gleason and aired a single season beginning in October 1949. Despite winning an Emmy award, the show was cancelled, in part because Gleason was less acceptable as Riley, since <mask> had been so identified with the part on radio. In 1953, <mask> became available for a new television version, and this time the show was a hit. The second television version of The Life of Riley ran from 1953 to 1958, long enough for Riley to become a grandfather. On the 1952 television program This Is Your Life, hosted by Ralph Edwards, <mask> was claimed to be a descendant of the 19th-century composer Felix Mendelssohn. <mask> played the lead in Rod Serling's "The Time Element" (1958), a time-travel adventure episode about a man who travels back to 1941 and unsuccessfully tries to warn everyone in Honolulu about the impending attack on Pearl Harbor. <mask> also appeared on The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford (also 1958).He returned for a second appearance on October 1, 1959, the fourth-season premiere of the series, in which he and Tennessee Ernie performed a comedy skit about a safari. In NBC's Wagon Train ("Around the Horn", 1958), <mask> played the captain of a sailing cargo ship who shanghaied Major Adams (Ward Bond), Bill Hawks (Terry Wilson) and Charlie Wooster (Frank McGrath), forcing them to

masks: Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix


title: William Bendix

texts:
 work on his ship. On November 16, 1959, <mask> appeared on NBC's color broadcast of The Steve Allen Plymouth Show with Jack Kerouac. A color videotape of the broadcast survives. <mask> starred in all 17 episodes of the NBC western series Overland Trail (1960) in the role of Frederick Thomas "Fred" Kelly, the crusty superintendent of the Overland Stage Company. Doug McClure, later Trampas on The Virginian, co-starred as his young understudy, Frank "Flip" Flippen. He guest-starred in an episode of Mister Ed ("Pine Lake Lodge", 1961) which served as a back door pilot for a proposed sitcom that was not picked up.In the fall of 1964, an American situation comedy starring <mask> and Martha Raye was scheduled to air on CBS, but due to <mask>'s shaky health, the network decided not to air the program. This action resulted in a lawsuit from <mask> for $2.658 million in May, with the actor stating that the decision hurt his career and that he was in excellent health and could perform all of the requirements of the agreement. The case was settled out of court. <mask> died on December 14, 1964, of complications from pneumonia. Reflections
<mask> saw advantages to both film and stage work. "“Films take tremendous pressure offyou can always reshoot a scene. But on the stage you can work with a part, build it from performance to performance.”

As a professional, he was pragmatic and unsentimental about his career.His credo, he remarked, was, “Save a buck or two and keep on actingthat's me.” In an interview in 1960 he summed up his life: “I've had a long, – varied, pleasant, eventful career. I don't hate anybody and I don't have any bitter thoughts. I started out without any advantages, but I've been lucky and successful and I've had fun.”

Personal life
<mask> married a childhood friend, Theresa Stefanotti, on October 22, 1927. They

masks: Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix Bendix


title: William Bendix

texts:
 remained married until his death 37 years later in 1964. The couple had a daughter, Lorraine, and  adopted another, Stephanie. <mask> died in Los Angeles at age 58 in 1964 as the result of a chronic stomach ailment that brought on malnutrition and ultimately lobar pneumonia. He was interred at the San Fernando Mission Cemetery in Mission Hills, Los Angeles.<mask> was a Republican. During the 1944 presidential election campaign, he attended a massive rally organized by David O. Selznick in the Los Angeles Coliseum in support of the Dewey-Bricker ticket as well as Governor Earl Warren of California. Complete filmography

Partial television credits
 The Life of Riley (1953-1958)
 Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse: "The Time Element" (1958, episode of TV series) as Peter Jenson; Rod Serling was the author and the show was a forerunner of Serling's series The Twilight Zone
 The Untouchables: "The Tri-State Gang" (1959, episode of TV series) as Wally Legenza
 Overland Trail, a 1960 Western series starring <mask> and Doug McClure

Dramatic radio appearances
 Cavalcade of America (1952) -- Portraying Lou Diamond in "The Marine Who Was 200 Years OldReferences

 Smithsonian Collection: Old Time Radio All-Time Favourites, liner notes from audio cassette box set. Joe Bevilaqua. Radio Spirits: Schiller Park, 1994. John Dunning, On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio'' (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.) External links

 Bendix on Television

1906 births
1964 deaths
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male radio actors
American male television actors
Male actors from New York City
People from Manhattan
Deaths from pneumonia in California
Burials at San Fernando Mission Cemetery
20th-century American male actors
California Republicans
Western (genre) television actors
People of the New Deal

masks: Bendix Bendix Bendix


title: Henryk IX Starszy

texts:
<mask>zy (literally <mask> the Elder) (b. probably between 1387 and 1392, d 11 November 1467 in Krosno) was a Duke of Żagań-Głogów during 1397–1412 (as co-ruler of his brother), during 1412–17 ruler over Szprotawa, Krosno Odrzańskie, Świebodzin and half of Głogów (with his brothers as co-rulers), since 1417 ruler over Szprotawa, half of Głogów, since 1420 ruler over Kożuchów and Zielona Góra, from 1430 ruler over Krosno Odrzańskie and Świebodzin and since 1446 Duke of Lubin. He was the second son of Henry VIII the Sparrow, Duke of Głogów by his wife Katharina, daughter of Duke Władysław of Opole. Life
After his father's death in 1397, the Dowager Duchess Katharina moved with their children to Kożuchów, who, together with Zielona Góra, was her dower. Between 1397 and 1401 the official custody of the princes and the regency of the Duchy was held by Duke Rupert I of Legnica. This was a difficult task, since Henryk VIII leave his lands in a difficult financial situation. Rupert I gradually began the payment of Henryk VIII's creditors and improved the general situation of the Duchy. The Regent showed special assistance to the main cities of the Duchy: Głogów, Krosno Odrzańskie and Szprotawa.After his older brother Jan I attained his majority in 1401, he assumed the guardianship of his younger brothers and assumed the full government of the Duchy. In 1403 the brothers received the lands of their uncle Henry VI the Older after the resignation of his widow Hedwig of Legnica, who ruled them as her dower since 1393. In 1412 was made the formal division of the Duchy: <mask>, together with his brothers Henry X Rumpold and Wenceslaus obtained the Duchy of Głogów (who included half of Głogów, Świebodzin, Krosno Odrzańskie and Szprotawa). By 1417 was made a

masks:
Henryk IX Stars
Henry IX
Henry IX


title: Henryk IX Starszy

texts: new divisionary treaty, this time in the Duchy of Głogów: <mask> <mask> and <mask> X Rumpold retained Głogów and Szprotawa, but give to their younger brother Wenceslaus the towns of Świebodzin, Krosno Odrzańskie and Bytnica (those areas returned to him in 1431 after Wenceslaus's death). <mask> and Henry X Rumpold ruled jointly, but the tasks of government remained in the hands of <mask>. Henry X Rumpold remains at the service of the Kings of Bohemia and Hungary and the Emperor Sigismund, under whose orders he fought against the Hussites and made diplomatic missions to Denmark, where he died in 1423 shortly before his wedding with a relative of King Eric. Since the death of his brother, <mask> <mask> ruled the Duchy alone.Previously, he received the towns of Kożuchów and Zielona Góra after the death of his mother in 1420; however, this inheritance wasn't count with the approval of his older brother Jan I and led to short-term war between the sons of Henry VIII. The conflict ended successfully by <mask>, who could retain the towns (the dispute ultimately was decided by the Elector Rudolf III of Saxony, leaving the two princes with his lands intact). According to the contemporary chronicles <mask> <mask> was a mild man, of a peaceful mindsets. In his youth he suggested as Bishop of Wroclaw, but he did not accept. During his government were developed the turbulent Hussite Wars, which included the Duchy of Silesia; however, he managed to maintain the peace over Głogów. In 1416 <mask> <mask> was a mediator in a dispute between the sons of Przemyslaus I Noszak, Duke of Cieszyn. In 1420 took place in Wroclaw the great congress of Silesian princes, were <mask> was also present.The princes paid tribute to Emperor Sigismund. In 1423 <mask>, together

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IX
Henryk
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Henryk
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Henry IX
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Henryk
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Henry IX
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title: Henryk IX Starszy

texts: with his brother Jan I, and other Silesian princes took part in the meeting of Preszburg (now Bratislava), where he discussed with the Teutonic Order and the Lusatia cities the further partition of Poland. There was made a special emphasis to waived the politics of King Władysław II Jogaila of Poland, who promoted the Hussites insurgents. The cooperation with the House of Luxembourg allowed <mask> <mask> to obtain parts of the inheritance of his maternal grandfather Władysław of Opole; however, the volatility of economic and the subordination of Dukes Bernard of Niedmolin (Falkenberg) and Bolko IV of Opole ultimately convinced the Emperor on 16 September 1435 to confirm the favorable ruling to the Dukes of Opole after an arbitration made in Prague on 2 July 1417, who obliged Henryk <mask> to return to the Dukes of Opole the lands taken by him. In the first months of 1425 began to organize the Hussite retaliatory expedition to Silesia. The reaction of the Silesian rulers was different: some of them passed by on the Hussites (like Bolko V the Hussite), while others fight against them, like <mask>. The entry of the Hussite troops to the Duchy Głogów caused great destruction.<mask> seek the assistance of the Polish King Wladyslaw II Jogaila. In return for the King's protection against the Hussites, he promised named him his heir, but these efforts have produced no major results. In 1431, during the subsequent Hussite invasion, <mask> <mask> was able to repelled them. In 1433, together with troops from Poland and the Teutonic Order, he took part in the war against the Hussites. During the next war against Bohemia during 1438-1439 <mask> <mask> supported Albert V of Habsburg, and on 3 December 1438 he paid homage to him. At the beginning of the

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title: Henryk IX Starszy

texts: following year he managed to repelled the Greater Poland troops at the crossings of the Odra River despite his much smaller forces. The reputation of Henryk <mask> in Silesia was an enormous; for example, in September 1444 the Duke was a mediator in the conflict between the Dukes of Oleśnica.Two years later, in 1446, he could take control over Lubin, when his rulers, the Dukes Jan I and <mask> X pledged this land to him. On 19 April 1458 <mask> acceded to preside the association of Silesian princes and cities against George of Poděbrady the new King of Bohemia. However, after the general recognition of the new Bohemian ruler the next year, he finally paid homage to him in Świdnica. This step was followed by the formal investiture to King George of the Duchy of Opole on 26 October 1463. However, in view of the strong resistance of both Dukes <mask> and Nicholas I, the King finally decided to make a compromise on 29 April 1464, under which he waived all his claims over Opole in return for 14,000 pieces of gold. During his reign, Głogów was the witness of important events: on 17 May 1462 took place in the city the meeting between King Casimir IV of Poland and King George of Bohemia. They accorded there that, after George's death, the Bohemian throne could passed to Casimir IV's son.During this important meeting was also discussed the disputes between Poland and the Duchy of Głogów. Any dispute between them was resolved after further congress in Babimost and Gościkowo (Paradyż). Despite the fruitful cooperation with the Bohemian King, on 23 December <mask> was excommunicated by the Pope for accepted the nomination of the Polish prince as heir of Bohemia. At the end of his reign, <mask> <mask> concentrated all his energy in his war against his

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title: Henryk IX Starszy

texts:
 nephew Jan II the Mad, in order to restore the Duchy of Żagań to his eldest nephew and Jan II's brother, Balthasar. In the present, were little information of the government activities of Henryk <mask>. However, in Głogów was founded new laws, judicial orders, etc. created by him.During this time, the financial problems continued. <mask> died on 11 November 1467 in Krosno Odrzańskie and was buried in the chapel of the missionaries of Kożuchów. Marriage and issue
By 1432, probably no later than 1423, <mask> <mask> married with Jadwiga (died by 25 June 1447 – 1453), daughter of Konrad III the Old, Duke of Oleśnica. They had six children:
Zygmunt (born 1431 or 1432 – died 24 December 1458). Henryk XI (after 1428 – died 22 February 1476). Anna (born probably 1430-1440 – died 17 December 1483), married in 1454 Jan II of Rosenberg. A son (born before 30 May 1447 – died before 11 November 1467).Hedwig (born c. 1450 – died by 30 May 1482). Katharina (born before 1454 – died after 14 November 1497). In a will written in 1447 he left the Duchy to his three sons as co-rulers. In the testament was an entry who expressed the wish that the Duchy was not divided for 20 years. His heirs weren't allowed to consult foreign advisers. This was to ensure the unify of Głogów. However, the early death of two of his sons prevented the danger of further divisions, and all the Duchy of Głogów passed to his only surviving son, Henry XI, the last male member of his line.Footnotes

References

Genealogical database by Herbert Stoyan
This article was translated from his original in Polish Wikipedia. |-

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1380s births
1467 deaths
People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
Piast dynasty
Medieval nobility of the Holy Roman Empire
14th-century Polish people
15th-century

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title: Daniel Henry Chamberlain

texts:
<mask> (June 23, 1835April 13, 1907) was an American planter, lawyer, author and the 76th Governor of South Carolina from 1874 until 1876 or 1877. The federal government withdrew troops from the state and ended Reconstruction that year. <mask> was the last Republican governor of South Carolina until James B. Edwards was elected in 1974. <mask> was born in West Brookfield in Worcester County in central Massachusetts, the ninth of ten children born to <mask> and Achsah Forbes. In 1862, he graduated with honors from Yale University, where he was a member of the Skull and Bones society. He attended Harvard Law School, leaving in 1863 to serve as a second lieutenant in the United States Army with the 5th Massachusetts Cavalry, a regiment of black troops. In 1866, <mask> moved to South Carolina to tend to the affairs of a deceased classmate.South Carolina politics

<mask> entered politics as a delegate to the 1868 South Carolina Constitutional Convention from Berkeley County. He served as state attorney general from 1868–1872 in the administration of Governor Robert K. Scott. After he failed to win the Republican nomination for governor in 1872, <mask> practiced law in Charleston. His partner later recalled that he worked hard for little compensation; whatever his ethics in office, he certainly had not amassed a fortune. In 1873, he was elected to the board of trustees of the University of South Carolina as the first black students were admitted and faculty hired for the institution. <mask> was elected Republican governor on November 3, 1874, when he defeated John T. Green. <mask> received 80,403 votes (53.9%) to Green's 68,818 votes (46.1%).<mask>'s reputation had been a dubious one; there certainly was evidence of a willingness to make

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title: Daniel Henry Chamberlain

texts: his office pay, and possibly of corruption, in his earlier career. But by the time he became governor, he had become the representative of those Republicans convinced of the need for reform—a conviction strengthened by the notorious administration of his predecessor, Franklin J. Moses, Jr., and the national publicity given to The Prostrate State, the exposure of South Carolina political conditions written by James Shepherd Pike. <mask> delivered on his promises. While continuing his support of civil rights, he made war on government expenses and the high tax levels in the state. He tried to reduce all public officers' wages by a third and used his veto against tax rates that he considered too high. He urged that spending be cut for the lunatic asylum and that many of its inmates be shipped off to county poorhouses. Instead of paying so much for the penitentiary, he endorsed revival of the convict-lease system.There should only be half as much money for the agricultural college and an end to any state scholarship program. As for the state university, <mask> called for dismissing its faculty and replacing them with school teachers. "We only want a good high school", as he put it. His struggles over patronage pitted him against some of the leading African-American Republicans in the legislature and gave him a national reputation. It also made him deep enemies in the party. At one point, it was alleged, a senator rallied his colleagues: "Are you going to let <mask> frighten you off with his cry of reform and economy? Why, gentlemen, there are five years of good stealing in South Carolina yet."Enjoying a close alliance with the Democratic editor of the Charleston News and Courier, <mask> may have hoped for bipartisan support in his bid

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


title: Daniel Henry Chamberlain

texts:
 for re-election. It did not come. South Carolina Democrats chose to adopt a white-supremacy program, re-enforced with intimidation and the use of force against black Republican voters. The bitterly fought 1876 campaign was disrupted with mob violence and gunmen breaking up Republican campaign meetings. After <mask> informed President Ulysses S. Grant of the violent situation, Grant sent troops in October 1876 under General of the Army William T. Sherman to stop the violent mob action. On election night, his second term hinged on disputed votes from Laurens and Edgefield counties, where the counts greatly exceeded the total population. These overwhelmingly favored his opponent, ex-Confederate Wade Hampton, III.Through the winter, <mask> and Hampton both claimed to lead the lawful government, but <mask>'s found it nearly impossible to raise the money or military force to function beyond the rooms in which it met. <mask> left South Carolina in April 1877 when President Rutherford B. Hayes withdrew Federal troops to barracks from their place protecting the Republican government and ended the interventions that had taken place intermittently in the state since the Civil War. Embittered, <mask> blamed the President for having betrayed the mass of South Carolina's voters; the population was 58% African American. In later years, however, he grew disillusioned with Reconstruction and contended that letting black people vote had been a mistake. Later years
<mask> moved to New York City and became a successful Wall Street attorney. He was a professor of constitutional law at Cornell University from 1883 until 1897. <mask> authored the 1902 book Charles Sumner and the Treaty of Washington, as well as numerous articles.Upon his retirement, he

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


title: Daniel Henry Chamberlain

texts:
 traveled extensively in Europe. He moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, where he died of cancer on April 13, 1907. He is interred at Pine Grove Cemetery in West Brookfield, Massachusetts. <mask> was the last Republican to fill a high office in South Carolina until 1964, when U.S. Senator Strom Thurmond defected from the Democratic to the Republican parties. Notes

References

Thomas Holt, Black Over White: Negro Political Leadership in South Carolina during Reconstruction (Urbana; University of Illinois Press, 1977. South Carolina Encyclopedia article and photo
 <mask> on Reconstruction in South Carolina
 "Governor <mask>'s Administration in South Carolina".New Englander and Yale review. Volume 49, Issue 221, August 1888. Library of Congress American Memory archive. Retrieved September 20, 2006. SCIway Biography of <mask> <mask>
NGA Biography of <mask> <mask>

External links

1835 births
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People from West Brookfield, Massachusetts
Politicians from Charleston, South Carolina
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title: Subra Suresh

texts:
<mask> is an Indian-American biological engineer, materials scientist, and academic administrator. On 1 January 2018, he was inaugurated as the fourth President of Singapore's Nanyang Technological University (NTU), where he is also the inaugural Distinguished University Professor. He was the Vannevar Bush Professor of Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Dean of the School of Engineering at MIT from 2007 to 2010 before being appointed as Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) by Barack Obama, where he served from 2010 to 2013. He was the president of Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) from 2013 to 2017. <mask> was elected to the US National Academy of Engineering in 2002, to the National Academy of Sciences in 2012 and to the Institute of Medicine (now the National Academy of Medicine) in 2013. He is one of a very small number of Americans to be elected to three branches of the U.S. National Academies, and the only current university president to hold this distinction. He was the first Asian-born professor to lead any of the five schools at MIT and the first Asian-born scientist to lead the NSF.He also served on the Engineering and Computer Science jury for the Infosys Prize in 2009 and 2010. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1956 in Mumbai, India, and graduated from high school in Tamil Nadu at the age of 15. In May 1977, he received his BTech degree from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in Chennai, graduating with a First Class with Distinction. <mask> received a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering from Iowa State University in 1979, and a PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology under guidance of Robert O. Ritchie in 1981, specializing in materials science. After postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, he joined the faculty of engineering at Brown University in December 1983. Career

Brown University
<mask> joined Brown University in December 1983 as Assistant Professor of Engineering and was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure in July 1986 and to

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title: Subra Suresh

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 Professor in July 1989. In 1985, he was selected by the White House to receive the NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award.He also received the 1982 Hardy Medal "for exceptional promise for a successful career in the broad field of metallurgy by a metallurgist under the age of 30", and the 1992 Ross Coffin Purdy Award from the American Ceramic Society for the best paper published in the Journal of the American Ceramic Society in 1990. In 1991, his book Fatigue of Materials was published by Cambridge University Press. According to Google Scholar it has been cited more than 5,300 times in scholarly publications, and has been translated into Chinese and Japanese and adopted as both a textbook and a reference work. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Suresh moved to MIT in 1993 as the R.P. Simmons Professor of Materials Science and Engineering. He led MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering from 2000 to 2006. He served as Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Dean of Engineering from 2007 to 2010 and held MIT faculty appointments in Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Biological Engineering, and Health Sciences and Technology.In his leadership roles at MIT, he helped create new state-of-the-art laboratories, a new undergraduate curriculum in materials science and engineering, the MIT Transportation Initiative, and the Center for Computational Engineering; led MIT's efforts in establishing the Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Center; and oversaw the recruitment of a record number of women faculty in engineering. As Dean of Engineering, he launched or oversaw a number of MIT's major international programs in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and the Americas. National Science Foundation
In June 2010, <mask> was nominated by U.S. President Barack Obama to be the Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and was unanimously confirmed by the US Senate in September 2010. The NSF is an independent federal agency with an annual (US)$7-billion budget. Its 2013 Fact Sheet stated that "[NSF's] programs and initiatives keep the United States at the forefront of science and


title: Subra Suresh

texts: engineering, empower future generations of scientists and engineers, and foster economic growth and innovation. NSF funds discovery, learning, innovation, and research infrastructure to boost U.S. leadership in all aspects of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics research and education. In Fiscal Year 2012, NSF supported more than 300,000 individuals in 1,895 institutions in every state in the United States".<mask> led NSF from 2010 to 2013. He established a number of new initiatives including Integrated NSF Support Promoting Interdisciplinary Research and Education (INSPIRE); Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER), in collaboration with the United States Agency for International Development (USAID); Science Across Virtual Institutes (SAVI); the NSF Career-Life Balance Initiative; Graduate Research Opportunities Worldwide (GROW); and the NSF Innovation Corps (I-Corps). During this time <mask> served as a member of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), a cabinet-level council comprising federal agency heads and cabinet secretaries. He co-chaired the NSTC Committee on Science and the Committee on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Education, and served as a member of the cabinet-level National Ocean Council. <mask> also chaired the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee (IARPC), which helped set priorities for coordinating future arctic research across the federal government. Under <mask>'s leadership, IARPC released a multiagency five-year strategic plan. In response to an invitation from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, <mask> established and chaired a Global Summit on Scientific Merit Review at NSF in May 2012.This Summit included the participation, for the first time, of the heads of leading science funding agencies from nearly 50 countries. Summit participants endorsed a Statement of Principles of Scientific Merit Review to serve as a basis for potential multilateral collaborations in the future, and launched a virtual entity, the Global Research Council (GRC), to co-ordinate practices and enhance international scientific collaboration

masks: Suresh Suresh Suresh Suresh Suresh


title: Subra Suresh

texts:
 between developed and developing countries. In an editorial in Science magazine, <mask> stated, "Good science anywhere is good for science everywhere". Commenting on <mask>'s departure from NSF, President Obama stated, "We have been very fortunate to have <mask> <mask> guiding the National Science Foundation for the last two years. He has shown himself to be a consummate scientist and engineer – beholden to evidence and committed to upholding the highest scientific standards. He has also done his part to make sure the American people benefit from advances in technology, and opened up more opportunities for women, minorities, and other underrepresented groups. I am grateful for his service."Carnegie Mellon University
<mask> was appointed as the 9th president of Carnegie Mellon University in 2013 and served as president until 2017. During this time he also held faculty appointments in CMU's Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Engineering and Public Policy, School of Computer Science, and in the Heinz College. In 2017, his total compensation was $1.1 million, making him the second highest paid private college president in Pennsylvania. As President, <mask> worked to increase the numbers of women recruited to science, technology and mathematics disciplines. He was quoted as saying “If the United States is to remain a leader in discovery and innovation, we must engage the enormous talent pool represented by our young women.”

During <mask>'s tenure, CMU settled a major patent infringement lawsuit against Marvell Technology Group. <mask> announced that the majority of the funds received by the university, expected to be about $250 million, would be dedicated to programs that "enhance the student experience". <mask> also negotiated several major donations from philanthropists and corporations, including $67M from CMU alum David Tepper to enhance collaboration among CMU's schools and colleges, $35M from Tata Consultancy Services and $5.5M from Uber.In early 2017 <mask> pledged support to CMU's students following President Trump's immigration ban. In a letter circulated to students, <mask> <mask>

masks: Suresh Suresh Subra Suresh Suresh Suresh Suresh Suresh Suresh Suresh Subra Suresh


title: Subra Suresh

texts:
 commented that he was "deeply troubled by some of the news out of Washington in recent days, and potential threats – explicit and implicit – posed to the work of so many students and scholars across the nation who were not born in the United States." <mask> recounted his own journey as an immigrant to the United States writing, "I first came to the US at age 21 with a partially filled suitcase, less than $100 in cash, and a one-way airplane ticket purchased with a loan. Once in the US, I was able to pursue a series of extraordinary opportunities for scholarship and service without regard for my national origin — an experience that forged in me an unshakeable faith in the ability of this nation to help everyone to succeed, wherever they came from." <mask> has consistently advocated for diversity in higher education. In 2014 he commented to the Pittsburgh Gazette that "Diversity in the broadest sense — intellectual, cultural, ethnic, racial or national origin — intrinsically enhances artistic and technical innovation". He resigned from presidency on 30 July 2017 after completing four years of his five-year term.He gave no reason as to why he was stepping down from the post. Nanyang Technological University Singapore
<mask> was inaugurated as President of NTU Singapore in January 2018. He quickly launched an initiative to turn the NTU campus into a "smart" campus, with eco-friendly buildings, greater use of robotics, and driverless electric buses. He has overseen the establishment of the Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute on artificial intelligence, a collaboration with Volvo on driverless buses, a second artificial intelligence collaboration with SenseTime, and a collaboration with Surbana Jurong focused on urban challenges. On 27 August 2018, <mask> announced a 5-year plan with a number of major initiatives:

 Creation of a new university-wide postdoctoral fellowship program to attract up to 350 of the best young scholars world-wide to NTU;
 Recruitment of up to 300 faculty members;
 Introduction of 300 new four-year Ph.D. fellowships;
 Introduction of 100 new named professorships;
 Construction of a 40,000 gross sq. m (400,000

masks: Suresh Suresh Suresh Suresh


title: Subra Suresh

texts:
 gross sq. ft.) academic building by 2021, which will be the largest wooden building in Asia;
 Doubling of the energy harvested from the sun, to up to 10MW, to power up to 10% of the electricity needs of the NTU campus by 2019;
 A reduction in campus-wide energy consumption by 35% and 50% by 2021 and 2025, respectively, compared to 2011;
 Streamlining of academic and administrative services to improve operational efficiency; and
 A new S$10M fund (Accelerating Creativity and Excellence) for multidisciplinary research.Research
<mask>'s research is focused in three areas: modeling and engineering the mechanical properties of structural and functional materials, the mechanical properties of biological cells and molecules, and the implications of these properties for human disease. His work crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries in engineering, physical sciences, life sciences, and medicine. More than 100 students, postdoctoral fellows, and visiting scholars have been members of his research group, and many now occupy prominent positions in academia, industry, and government worldwide. Publications, Patents
<mask> is the author or co-author of more than 300 research articles in international journals, co-editor of five books, and co-inventor on 26 U.S. and international patent applications. He has authored or co-authored three books: Fatigue of Materials, Fundamentals of Functionally Graded Materials, and Thin Film Materials. <mask>'s research contributions at the intersections of engineering, physical sciences, life sciences, and medicine include:

 Identification of key mechanisms that influence the growth of fatigue cracks in a wide variety of brittle and ductile materials;
 Development of experimental and computational methods for optimising the mechanical performance of composites and compositionally graded materials;
 Formulation of new experimental methods and algorithms to link the mechanical characteristics of thin films, coatings, and multi-layered materials with performance;
 Study of nano-crystallisation during room-temperature mechanical contact in metallic glasses;
 Development of strategies to optimise strength,

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title: Subra Suresh

texts:
 ductility, and damage tolerance of materials through the controlled introduction of nano-scale internal interfaces;
 Delineation of links between the mechanics of individual blood cells and human disease states;
 Elucidation of the role of RESA [ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen] protein in modulating the mechanical properties and rheological response of human blood cells invaded by malaria parasites; and
 Development of new microfluidic platforms for human disease diagnostics, therapeutics, and drug efficacy essays. Honors
In 2007 he became a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.In 2013, <mask> was elected to the Institute of Medicine. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering

In 2011, <mask> received the Padma Shri award, India's fourth-highest civilian honour, bestowed by the President of India. Other honors include the 2006 Acta Materialia Gold Medal; the 2007 European Materials Medal, the highest honour conferred by the Federation of European Materials Societies; the 2008 A. Cemal Eringen Medal from the Society of Engineering Science; the 2011 General President's Gold Medal from the Indian National Science Congress; the 2012 R.F. Mehl Award from the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society; the 2011 Nadai Medal from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME); and the 2011 National Materials Advancement Award from the Federation of Materials Societies. In 2011, Science Watch/Thomson Reuters selected <mask>enko Medal, the highest recognition in the field of theoretical and applied mechanics, and the 2013 Alan Cottrell Gold Medal for his pioneering work on fracture and fatigue of materials. He received the Franklin Institute's 2013 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science for "outstanding contributions to our understanding of the mechanical behaviour of materials in applications ranging from large structures down to the atomic level."and for showing "how deformation of biological cells can be linked to human disease". In 2015, <mask> was awarded the IRI Medal by the Industrial Research Institute. <mask> is a member

masks: Suresh Suresh Sureshosh Suresh Suresh


title: Subra Suresh

texts:
 of the Royal Academy of Engineering of Spain; the Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences; the German Academy of Sciences; the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences; the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World; the Indian National Academy of Engineering; the Indian Academy of Sciences; the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and the French Academy of Sciences. He is a recipient of 15 honorary doctorate degrees from universities in the United States, Sweden, Spain, Switzerland, India, China, and the United Kingdom. <mask> has been elected a fellow or honorary fellow of many materials societies in the United States and India, including the Materials Research Society; ASM International; the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society; the American Society of Mechanical Engineers; the American Ceramic Society; the Indian Institute of Metals; and the Materials Research Society of India. He served as an independent director of Battelle Memorial Institute from 2014 to 2017, and of the Lord Corporation in 2010. He has been a member of the Board of Directors of Hewlett-Packard since 2015.Recently, he was nominated by the Singapore Exchange (SGX) to be an independent director of the SGX Board. References

External links

Biography at Carnegie Mellon University
Biography at NTU Singapore

1956 births
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title: Wallace Lambert

texts:
<mask><mask> (December 31, 1922 – August 23, 2009) was a Canadian psychologist and a professor in the psychology department at McGill University (1954–1990). Among the founders of psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics, he is known for his contributions to social and cross-cultural psychology (intergroup attitudes, child-rearing values, and psychological consequences of living in multicultural societies), language education (the French immersion program), and bilingualism (measurement of language dominance, attitudes and motivation in second-language learning, and social, cognitive, and neuropsychological consequences of bilingualism). Personal life

<mask> ("Wally") <mask> was born in Amherst, Nova Scotia, Canada, on December 31, 1922. When he was 4 years old, his family moved to Taunton, Massachusetts, where he was raised. <mask> received his undergraduate education at Brown University (1940–1947), where his studies were interrupted for 3 years of U.S. military service in the European Theatre of Operations. While on release from the army, he studied psychology, philosophy, and economics at Cambridge University, and French language and literature at the University of Paris and the Aix-Marseille University. <mask> received his master's degree in psychology from Colgate University in 1950, and his doctorate in 1953 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.<mask> met his future wife Janine in France after the second world war. They had two children, Philippe and Sylvie. Watching his children grow up to be fluently bilingual in a household in Montreal with an English-speaking father and a French-speaking mother is said to have sparked his interest in bilingualism-biculturalism. Professional career
In 1954, <mask> took up a position in the Psychology Department at McGill University in Montreal, where he published nearly 200 journal articles, monographs, and books on the topic of bilingualism. Among <mask>'s former graduate students are: Allan Paivio, Robert C. Gardner, Leon Jakobovits, Malcolm Preston, Moshe Anisfeld, Elizabeth Peal Anisfeld, G. Richard Tucker, Josiane Hamers, Allan

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title: Wallace Lambert

texts:
 Reynolds, Gary Cziko, and Jyotsna Vaid. <mask> remained at McGill University as an emeritus professor from 1990 until his death in 2009. Over the course of his career, <mask> further served as an editor for five academic journals, and as a consultant for the United States Office of Education.Research
In 1960, <mask> and colleagues published the article Evaluational Reactions to Spoken Languages, which describes a study in which the authors investigated the effect of language on people's perception of other cultural groups. The authors showed that socioeconomic disparities between cultural groups were reflected even in how people reacted to recorded voices. Led by <mask>, the researchers examined the reactions of Francophone and Anglophone participants as they listened to recordings of who they thought were monolingual French and English speakers. In fact, the speakers were bilingual individuals—fluent in French and English. The speakers were recorded in both French and English to ensure reliability. Once the listening procedure was over, the participants were asked to fill in an attitudinal questionnaire intended to assess feelings toward members of the other community. This technique was developed by <mask> and termed the Matched-guise test, an experimental procedure meant to assess attitudes and identify stereotypes held toward the out-group.<mask> and his colleagues believed that upon hearing recordings of voices speaking in the listener's native language, both French-speaking Quebecers as well as English-speaking Quebecers would judge the speakers as having more social and economic success than speakers recorded in the listener's non-native language. For example, they believed that a Francophone subject would think more positively of a French speaker than of an English speaker. This was found to be true for English subjects; however, it was not true for French subjects. French subjects rated English voices more favourably than French voices. The researchers attributed these results to the higher socioeconomic situation understood to be experienced by most Anglophones in comparison to

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title: Wallace Lambert

texts: Francophones in Montreal at that time. This study emphasized the links between stereotypes and language embedded in Quebec's culture. In 1962, <mask> and Peal published an article entitled The Relation of Bilingualism to Intelligence, describing a study in which <mask> and Peal examined whether bilingualism was associated with impaired performance in nonverbal and verbal intelligence tests.Previous research suggested, but did not clearly demonstrate, a relationship between bilingualism and decreased cognitive performance. <mask> and Peal aimed to resolve the issue of whether bilingualism was associated with impaired cognitive performance by addressing some of the methodological problems inherent in previous studies, operationalizing bilingualism as the ability to speak two languages fluently, and controlling for socioeconomic status as well as other potential confounding factors (e.g., gender, age, etc.). The findings of this study showed that, contrary to the dominant view at the time, bilingual people outperformed monolinguals on nonverbal and verbal intelligence tests. These findings changed Canadians' views on bilingualism and led to Canadian parents becoming less reticent about having their children learn two languages (e.g., French and English). In 1965, a group of parents, concerned that their children were growing up as English monolinguals in a predominantly French-speaking Quebec, wanted to implement French immersion programs in their community of St. Lambert, Quebec. These parents sought help from bilingualism experts such as <mask> and Richard Tucker to implement these programs. To address the concerns of these parents, <mask> and Tucker designed an experiment in which there were two groups of English-speaking children.One group attended increasing numbers of classes (subjects) taught in French, with the remaining classes taught in English, while the other group received instruction solely in the traditional English. <mask> and Tucker's objective was to determine whether learning French would be beneficial for English-speaking children in Quebec's social and political context. They also


title: Wallace Lambert

texts:
 sought to evaluate the consequences of learning a second language on academic performance in general. After the fourth year of instruction in their respective groups, the children were compared in terms of their attitudes toward the Francophone community, as well as their academic scores. Results showed that the French immersion group performed as well as the English control group in all academic subjects, while mastering a second language. In a follow-up evaluation, the researchers found that those who had acquired French as a second language had more favourable attitudes toward the French community compared to those in the control groups. The implications of this study led to the successful implementation of many language immersion programs in Canada and around the world.Honours and awards
<mask>'s many contributions led to multiple honours, including Fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University (1964–1965), Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (1973), Fellow of the National Academy of Education (1976), the Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal (1978), Honorary President of the Canadian Psychological Association (1982–1983), Distinguished Alumni Award from the University of North Carolina (1983), Canadian Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Contribution to Psychology (1984), American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Award for the Applications of Psychology (1990), James McKeen Cattell Fellow Award of the Association for Psychological Science (1992), Visiting Fellow, Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study, Wassenaar (1987), and five honorary doctorates. References

Psycholinguists
Sociolinguists
Canadian psychologists
McGill University faculty
1922 births
2009 deaths
Brown University alumni
Colgate University alumni
People from Amherst, Nova Scotia
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
20th-century psychologists
Presidents of the Canadian Psychological Association
Canadian expatriates in the United States
United States Army personnel of World War II
Canadian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Canadian


title: Johnny Weaver

texts:
<mask> (November 17, 1935 – February 15, 2008) was an American professional wrestler and wrestling commentator in the National Wrestling Alliance, better known by his ring name, <mask>. Career

1960s
<mask>'s career spanned four decades in many different territories in the NWA. He held championships across the southeast United States, the first of which was the Mid-Atlantic (Carolinas, Virginia) version of the NWA Southern Tag Team Championship, which he won with “Cowboy” Bob Ellis on December 2, 1963. His best known run was with partner George Becker in the Mid-Atlantic in the 1960s. The two held the NWA Mid-Atlantic Southern Tag Team Championship five times together, and they were household names in the territory for a period of nearly eight years. The team had memorable feuds with Rip Hawk and Swede Hanson, Lars Anderson and Gene Anderson, Gene Anderson and Ole Anderson, Aldo Bogni and Bronko Lubich with manager "Colonel" Homer O'Dell, the Infernos with manager J. C. Dykes, and many others. <mask>'s next major success came in Championship Wrestling from Florida, where he teamed with Becker to win the Florida version of the NWA Southern Tag Team Championship in February 1967.He also competed as a singles wrestler, winning his first NWA Florida Southern Heavyweight Championship that year by defeating the Missouri Mauler. He dropped it back to the Mauler but regained the belt on October 25, 1967. The following summer, he won the belt for a third time. He lost the belt to Hiro Matsuda but then regained it in a rematch in late 1968. 1970s
Returning to the Carolinas, <mask> was a successful tag team wrestler in Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling. He teamed with Becker to win the NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship on May 1, 1969. They held the belts for over nine months before dropping them to Rip Hawk and Swede Hanson on February 17, 1970.<mask> and Becker regained the title exactly one month later, however. They lost the belts to Gene and Ole Anderson but regained

masks:
Kenneth Eugene Weaver
Johnny Weaver
Weaver
Weaver
Weaver
Weaver


title: Johnny Weaver

texts:
 them on June 3, 1971 from Hawk and Hanson. Once again, <mask> and Becker dropped the titles to Hawk and Hanson but regained them in a rematch. The following year, <mask> teamed with Art Neilson to win the title twice more. <mask> returned to Florida to compete in 1975 and won the NWA Florida Tag Team Championship by teaming with Dick Slater. He also competed in Texas, where he won the Amarillo version of the NWA International Heavyweight Championship in November 1976. After a brief absence from the Mid-Atlantic territory in 1975, he returned for one more main event run in 1978 with Baron Von Raschke for the area's Television championship.1980s
<mask>'s final championship reigns came in 1981 while wrestling in the Mid-Atlantic area. He teamed with Dewey Robertson to win the NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship in 1981 by defeating Genichiro Tenryu and Mr. Fuji. They lost the belts to Chris Markoff and Nikolai Volkoff later that year, but <mask> regained the title on November 27, 1981 while teaming with Jay Youngblood. <mask> also worked as a booker while Mid Atlantic was partnered with Frank Tunney`s Maple Leaf Wrestling in Toronto and briefly held the North American title during a feud with Leo Burke Leonce Cormier. <mask>'s last years in the ring were in an "elder statesman" role, helping establish new stars just entering the territory, most notably Roddy Piper. He also helped book the Mid-Atlantic territory for nearly 8 years as well, roughly between 1966 and 1973. In the early 1980s, <mask> also booked the house shows in the southern part of the territory.<mask> began his broadcasting career in 1979 as color commentator with World Wide Wrestling host Rich Landrum. He became Landrum's permanent sidekick for the early 1980s, where he became famous for singing "Turn out the lights, the party's over" at the end of matches that face wrestlers won (a nod to Don Meredith, who did the same thing on Monday Night Football near the end of games). When Landrum left the company

masks: Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver


title: Johnny Weaver

texts:
 in 1983, <mask> then worked briefly with David Crockett, wrestling in a tag team match at Starrcade '83, before becoming paired with the longtime voice of Mid-Atlantic Wrestling Bob Caudle; whom he worked with until leaving the company in 1988. For a period of time in the early 1980s, there was a string of recurring angles in which <mask> would get into ringside verbal confrontations with heel wrestlers or their managers. These confrontations always ended with <mask> slapping the wrestler or manager across the face, to the delight of the fans in the studio. Recipients of these slaps have included Roddy Piper, Lord Alfred Hayes, and Kevin Sullivan. <mask> made a brief in-ring return in late 1987 in the corner of the "American Dream" Dusty Rhodes who was using a sleeper hold, calling it the "Weaver lock", and chasing down Lex Luger and the N.W.A.United States Title. During this angle, <mask> was placed in a Japanese version of the sleeper by Hiro Matsuda, causing him to bleed from the mouth. <mask> was in Rhodes' corner at Starrcade '87: Chi-Town Heat, when Rhodes defeated Luger in a steel cage after DDTing Luger onto a steel chair. Legacy
CWF Mid-Atlantic out of Burlington, North Carolina promotes the Johnny Weaver Cup tournament every summer, culminating in Weaver Cup Finals Night every August. Mr. <mask> was a special guest in attendance to present the trophy to the tournament winner at every Finals Night until his death in 2008. Since then a former tournament winner usually presents the trophy, often accompanied by surviving members of Mr. <mask>'s family. Past tournament winners have been "Dangerous E" Corey Edsel (2004), Jesse Ortega (2005), Gemini Kid (2006), "Handsome" Mitch Connor (2007), Brass Munkey (2008), Kamakazi Kid (2009), "The 1st" Ric Converse (2010), Arik Royal (2011, 2012) and Trevor Lee (2013)

Personal life
<mask> was a deputy sheriff with Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.In his 50s, <mask> became one of the oldest people to take the basic law

masks: Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver Weaver


title: Johnny Weaver

texts:
 enforcement test and ultimately joined the sheriff's office. He spent most of his nineteen-year career transporting prisoners on the same back roads he had traveled as a wrestler and promoter. <mask> was married to female wrestler Penny Banner for decades. They had a daughter together named Wendi. In her self-published autobiography, Banner Days, Banner describes decades of physical abuse at the hands of her controlling, womanizing husband - who she referred to as "<mask>" instead of naming him. She finally divorced him after what she described as a drunken murder attempt when he nearly killed her with his wrestling finisher, the sleeper hold. <mask> also had a son by a previous marriage.<mask> of Houston Texas, still living and a retired D.J. and webmaster

<mask> died of natural causes on February 15, 2008, aged 72. Championships and accomplishments
American Wrestling Alliance
AWA Indiana World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with <mask>
Championship Wrestling from Florida
NWA Florida Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Dick Slater (1)
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (Florida version) (4 times)
NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Florida version) (1 time) - with George Becker
Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling
NWA Atlantic Coast Tag Team Championship (6 times) - with George Becker (4) and Art Nielson (2)
NWA Mid-Atlantic Tag Team Championship (2 times) - with Dewey Robertson (1) and Jay Youngblood (1)
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship/NWA Eastern States Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
NWA Southern Tag Team Championship (Mid-Atlantic version) (6 times) - with Cowboy Bob Ellis (1) and George Becker (5)
NWA Television Championship (1 time)
NWA Western States Sports
NWA International Heavyweight Championship (Amarillo version) (1 time)

References

External links

SLAM! Wrestling Article: <mask> dead at 72

1935 births
2008 deaths
American male professional wrestlers
NWA/WCW World Television Champions
Professional wrestling announcers
Stampede Wrestling

masks:
Weaver
Johnny Ace
Weaver
Bill Weaver
Weaver
Sonny Weaver
Johnny Weaver


title: Alessandro Salucci

texts:
<mask> (Florence, 1590 – Rome, c. 1655-60) was an Italian painter who played an important role in the development of the genre of cityscapes (vedute) of Rome. He created capricci, i.e. imaginary architectural perspectives and harbour views, in which the figures were often executed by another artist. Life
Very little is known about <mask>'s early life and training. He is believed to have been born in Florence in 1590. The first written record of the artist dates from 1628 when he is mentioned in connection with other artists in Rome. <mask> completed important public and private commissions in Rome.In 1628 he made frescos in the castle of the Sacchetti family (the 'Casino Sacchetti', now 'Casino Chigi') in Castelfusano, working alongside Andrea Sacchi and Pietro da Cortona. In 1634 <mask> became member of the Roman Accademia di San Luca (the "Academy of Saint Luke"). In 1635 he worked in the Santa Maria in Vallicella (also known as the 'Chiesa Nuova') where in the Chapel of the Presentation of Our Lady he painted fresco's on the vault, depicting the story of Hannah, Elkanah and the young Samuel. His fresco's were painted over the decorations made by Domenico de Coldie in 1590. He began to collaborate with Jan Miel, a Flemish history and genre painter residing in Rome, around 1535. Many of their collaborative paintings have been preserved to this day, for the most part in private collections. He collaborated in a similar way with Michelangelo Cerquozzi.A few compositions painted in collaboration with Johannes Lingelbach are also known. <mask> also got to know Viviano Codazzi, another painter of architectural

masks:
Alessandro Salucci
Alessandro Salucci
Salucci
Salucci
Salucci


title: Alessandro Salucci

texts:
 paintings who had worked in Naples until 1647 and then moved to Rome. He clearly also was familiar with the work of the landscape artist Claude Lorrain then working in Rome. In 1647-48 he painted a major cycle of frescoes in the Church of Sant’Elisabetta dei Fornari, which was destroyed in 1889. <mask> died, probably in Rome, after 1650. Work

General

<mask> is regarded as one of the significant early exponents of the genre of the veduta. The type of decorative architectural paintings that <mask> created represent a form that became popular in mid-17th century Rome.Art historians interpret the growing popularity of the architectural piece in 17th century Italy as the result of a shift of patronage from 'committente' to 'acquirente', that is, from painting on commission to painting on the open market. Architectural canvases were particularly welcome within the typical 17th-century decorative ensemble, where walls were completely covered with paintings of various types and sizes. The architectural piece lent variety to such ensembles by introducing the strong verticals and horizontals of its subject matter. The roots of this type of vedute can be found in 16th-century painting, and in particular in the architectural settings that were painted as the framework of large-scale frescoes and ceiling decorations known as . These architectural elements gained prominence in 17th-century painting to become stand-alone subjects of easel paintings. A number of artists practiced this genre. Viviano Codazzi was an important contemporary practitioner of the genre whose work influenced <mask>.Codazzi's vedute where, however,

masks:
Salucci
Alessandro Salucci
Salucci
Salucci


title: Alessandro Salucci

texts:
 more realistic in nature than those of <mask> who showed more creativity and fantasy in his works in which he rearranged many Roman monuments with elegance. <mask> preferred a lighter palette and removed thereby any dramatization. Unlike the Flemish and Dutch artists active in Rome who strived for realism in their depictions of Roman cityscapes, many of <mask>'s city and harbour views do not aim to give a realist rendering of his subjects. His views tend to mix antique monuments in Rome with fantasy elements, and thus resemble more "capricci". The antique structures in his compositions are not recorded in archeological detail but are solely used for decorative effect. <mask>'s compositions are generally composed of a Roman arcade dominating the centre on the left, water in the distance on the right, and figures in the foreground. He also often included in his views a portico with paired columns and pedestals and a double-story loggia.<mask>'s work reveals an awareness of the classical marine views of Claude Lorrain, who was active in Rome in the 1640s and 1650s. Claude's warm, golden light and balanced compositional structure are found in <mask>'s works such as the Fantasy view with figures (Busiri-Vici collection, Rome) which was likely inspired by Claude's port views, such as Seaport with the Embarkation of the Queen of Sheba of 1648 (National Gallery, London). Collaborations
<mask> often collaborated with specialist figure painters who painted the staffage in his architectural compositions. Collaborations with Jan Miel, Michelangelo Cerquozzi and Johannes Lingelbach have been recorded. These three

masks:
Salucci
Salucci
Salucci
Salucci
Salucci
Salucci
Alessandro Salucci


title: Alessandro Salucci

texts:
 collaborators all painted in the bambocciante style pioneered by the Dutch painter Pieter van Laer. The bamboccianti had brought existing traditions of depicting 'low-life' subjects from Dutch and Flemish Renaissance painting with them to Italy and created small-scale depictions of the lower classes in Rome and its countryside. Jan Miel was <mask>'s most frequent collaborator, a collaboration, which commenced in 1635 and ended when Miel left Rome for Turin in 1658 to work at the court of Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy.The only dated example of the two artists' collaborative efforts is an Imaginary Seaport (Cincinnati Art Museum), which is dated to 1656. Miel excelled in depicting stories for which the large open spaces in <mask>'s view paintings provided suitable settings. Miel often included multiple anecdotal scenes in a single work. This is evident in An architectural capriccio with an ionic portico, a fountain, a two story loggia, a Gothic palace and figures on a quay (Christie's, Sale 1708, Lot 56) where the elegant couple on the lower left on the stairs of the portico are acting separately from the figures at the well next to them, while the latter figures, in turn, are oblivious to the card players on the steps further back. Miel's figures were typically farmers, beggars, morra players, innkeepers and porters often mixed with elegantly dressed men and women, thus providing a rich flavor of Roman daily life to the architectural setting created by <mask>. References

External links

Painters from Florence
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian Baroque painters
Italian

masks: Salucci Salucci Salucci


title: Frederick C. Weyand

texts:
<mask> (September 15, 1916 – February 10, 2010) was a general in the United States Army. Weyand was the last commander of United States military operations in the Vietnam War from 1972 to 1973, and served as the 28th Chief of Staff of the United States Army from 1974 to 1976. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Arbuckle, California, on September 15, 1916. He attended and graduated from Fresno High School. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the United States Army through the Reserve Officers Training Corps program at the University of California, Berkeley, where he graduated in May 1938. He married Arline Langhart in 1940. Military career

World War II, Korean War and interbellum
From 1940 to 1942, Weyand was assigned to active duty and served with the 6th Field Artillery.He graduated from the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth in 1942 and served as adjutant of the Harbor Defense Command in San Francisco from 1942 to 1943. He moved on to the Office of the Chief of Intelligence for the US War Department General Staff in 1944. He became assistant chief of staff for intelligence in the China-Burma-India Theater from 1944 to 1945. In the immediate aftermath of the war he was in the Military Intelligence Service in Washington, D.C. from 1945 to 1946. Weyand was chief of staff for intelligence, United States Army Forces, Middle Pacific from 1946 to 1949. He graduated from the United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning in 1950. He became commander of the 1st Battalion, 7th Infantry Regiment and the assistant chief of staff, G–3, of the 3d Infantry Division during the Korean War from 1950 to 1951.Weyand served on the faculty of the Infantry School from 1952 to 1953. Following this assignment he attended the

masks:
Frederick Carlton Weyand
Weyand


title: Frederick C. Weyand

texts:
 Armed Forces Staff College, and upon graduation became military assistant in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Financial Management until 1954. He moved on to become military assistant and executive to the Secretary of the Army from 1954 to 1957. He then graduated from the Army War College in 1958, moving on to command the 3d Battalion, 6th Infantry Regiment, in Europe (1958–1959). He served in the Office of the United States Commander in Berlin in 1960 then became chief of staff for the Communications Zone, United States Army, Europe from 1960 to 1961. He was the deputy chief and chief of legislative liaison for the Department of the Army from 1961 to 1964. Vietnam War
Weyand became commander of the 25th Infantry Division, stationed in Hawaii, in 1964.He continued to lead the division as it was introduced into operations in Vietnam in 1965 and 1966. He served as the head of the 25th Division until 1967, when he became deputy, then acting commander, and finally commander of II Field Force, Vietnam responsible for III Corps Tactical Zone comprising the 11 provinces around Saigon. In 1968, he became chief of the Office of Reserve Components. A dissenter from General William Westmoreland's more conventional war strategy, Weyand's experience as a former intelligence officer gave him a sense of the enemy's intentions. He realized that "the key to success in Vietnam was in securing and pacifying the towns and villages of South Vietnam" (Mark Salter, <mask> "Hard Call: The Art of Great Decisions"). Weyand managed to convince a reluctant General Westmoreland to allow him to redeploy troops away from the Cambodian border area closer to Saigon, significantly contributing to making the 1968 Tet Offensive a military catastrophe for


title: Frederick C. Weyand

texts:
 North Vietnam. Before the 1968 holiday truce for Tet went into effect, Fred Weyand got the feeling that "something was coming that was going to be pretty bad, and it wasn't going to be up on the Laotian border somewhere, it was going to be right in our own backyard."Westmoreland's obsession with the enemy hitting the Marines at Khe Sanh turned out to be a tactical feint, and the Communist strategy all along was a multi-pronged, simultaneous attack of key cities (Hue', Da Nang, Nha Trang, Quinhon, Kontum, Banmethuot, My Tho, Can Tho, Ben Tre and Saigon)

From his Tactical Operations Center, most incredibly, Fred Weyand denied the Communists from taking Saigon. A perfect surprise attack, the jewel in the crown of the Communist offensive would have been the fall of Saigon. He "had prepared better than he could have known for a battle he could never have anticipated." The Tet offensive had the "will-breaking effect" on the American psyche, equivalent to that of Dien Bien Phu to the French. In 1969, <mask> was named the military advisor to Ambassador <mask>ot Lodge, Jr. at the Paris Peace Talks. In 1970 he became assistant chief of staff for force development. Later in 1970, he became deputy commander of Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV).Weyand succeeded General <mask> Abrams, who was appointed as Army Chief of Staff, as commander of MACV on June 30, 1972. By the end of 1972 General Weyand had overseen the withdrawal of all United States military forces from South Vietnam. In March 1973, Weyand was awarded the National Order of Vietnam, first class and the Vietnamese Gallantry Cross. Senior commands and Chief of Staff
Weyand served briefly as Commander in Chief of the United States Army Pacific in 1973 and was Vice Chief of Staff of

masks:
Weyand
Henry Cab
Creighton


title: Frederick C. Weyand

texts:
 the United States Army from May 1973 to October 1974. Weyand was appointed as Chief of Staff of the United States Army from October 3, 1974 to September 30, 1976. As Chief of Staff he supervised army moves to improve the combat-to-support troop ratio, to achieve a sixteen-division force, to enhance the effectiveness of roundout units, and to improve personnel and logistical readiness. Weyand retired from active service in October 1976.Confidential source for 1967 New York Times article
In an editorial in The New York Times on December 11, 2006, Murray Fromson, a reporter for CBS during the Vietnam War, stated that General <mask> had agreed to reveal himself as the confidential source for New York Times reporter R.W. Apple, Jr.'s August 7, 1967, story "Vietnam: The Signs of Stalemate." General <mask>, then commander of III Corps in Vietnam, was the unidentified high-ranking officer who told Apple and Fromson (reporting the same story for CBS) that:

The story was the first intimation that war was reaching a stalemate, and contributed to changing sentiment about the war. Dates of rank

Awards and decorations
His awards and decorations include:

Personal life

After retiring from the United States Army in 1976, Weyand moved to Honolulu, Hawaii, which was also the home of the 25th Infantry Division. He became active in Hawai'i community affairs and held a number of prominent business positions, including corporate secretary and senior vice president of First Hawaiian Bank between 1976 and 1982. He was an active member of the Rotary Club of Honolulu and a trustee of the now-dissolved Samuel M. Damon Estate, as well as the American Red Cross Hawaii Chapter, where he served as chairman of the board in 1992 and director of the Honolulu Symphony. He

masks: Weyand Weyand


title: Clark Spencer Larsen

texts:
<mask> (born 1952) is an American biological anthropologist, author, and educator. His work focuses on bioarchaeology, the study of human remains from archaeological settings. Although his interests span the entire record of human evolution, his research largely pertains to the last 10,000 years, a period of dynamic change in health, well-being, and lifestyle, much of which relates to population increase, overcrowding, and nutritional decline that co-occurred with the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture, creating living conditions that humans are grappling with to the present day. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Omaha, Nebraska, the middle child of five children, including two older sisters and two younger sisters. He spent most of his childhood in Beatrice, Nebraska, graduating from high school in 1970. His exposure to artifacts and exhibits at the Homestead National Monument’s museum near his home town initiated his fascination with all matters ancient. Within weeks of high school graduation, <mask> spent his first archaeological field season on a Nebraska State Historical Society excavation of Fort Atkinson, the first military fort west of the Missouri River.The discovery of human bone fragments at the site that summer captured his interest in the study of archaeological human remains. <mask> attended Kansas State University (BA, Anthropology, 1974), where he studied with archaeologist Patricia J. O’Brien and physical anthropologists William M. Bass III and Michael Finnegan. Following his freshman and sophomore years, he worked with Smithsonian Institution physical anthropologists, Douglas H.

masks:
Clark Spencer Larsen
Larsen
Larsen
Larsen


title: Clark Spencer Larsen

texts:
 Ubelaker and T. Dale Stewart, on field projects in South Dakota (1971) and Maryland (1972) and subsequently with American Museum of Natural History archaeologist David Hurst Thomas in Nevada (1973, 1974). He completed his graduate education at the University of Michigan (MA, Anthropology, 1975; PhD, Biological Anthropology, 1980), studying with Milford H. Wolpoff (advisor), C. Loring Brace, David S. Carlson, Frank B. Livingstone, and Stanley M. Garn. Career
Soon after entering the graduate program at Michigan, he began working with David Hurst Thomas on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, a project that lead to <mask>'s Ph.D. dissertation research on the bioarchaeology of the Georgia coast, documenting the health and lifestyle impacts of the introduction of agriculture and its intensification in later prehistory on native populations. His long-term research program in the American Southeast has been called “…the most comprehensive data for all of North America.” This research program is part of a decades-long (1975–   ) collaboration with the American Museum of Natural History involving the study of health, dietary, and economic changes prior to and after the arrival of Europeans and the establishment of the mission system in Spanish Florida. He has served as a Research Associate with the American Museum since 1980.<mask> has played a lead role in the study of ancient human remains in other regions of North America (Great Basin, Nevada), at Çatalhöyük (Turkey) (cite Wiki), and Badia Pozzeveri (Tuscany, Italy). He is co-director of the European History of Health Project, tracking health and lifestyle history based on human

masks: Larsen Larsen


title: Clark Spencer Larsen

texts: remains from across Europe over the last 5,000 years with an international collaboration of bioarchaeologists, archaeologists, economic historians, climatologists, and geologists. <mask> began his professional teaching and research career at the University of Massachusetts, North Dartmouth campus (1979–1983), subsequently moving to Northern Illinois University (1983–1989; chair, 1987–1989), Purdue University (1989–1993), and the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill (1993–2001). He spent a term (Spring, 1999) at the University of California, Berkeley, where he taught bioarchaeology. He was Adjunct Professor in Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University (1995–2001). He moved to Ohio State University (2001–    ), where he was recruited to chair the Department of Anthropology. Over the course of his tenure as chair (2001–2017), he led the transformation of the department from an unknown unit into a leading program in science-based anthropology, adding nine faculty positions, expanding laboratory facilities, and attracting top students to its undergraduate and graduate programs.In <mask>’s role in graduate education, he has directed 26 doctoral students in their dissertation research. <mask> has played a leadership role in professional societies and in publishing, serving as Vice President (1996–1998) and President (1999–2001) of the American Association of Biological Anthropologists, Chair of the Anthropology section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (2010–2011), Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2001–2007), and founding editor of the book series, Bioarchaeologial

masks: Larsen Larsen Larsen


title: Clark Spencer Larsen

texts:
 Interpretations of the Human Past, for the University Press of Florida (2006–  ). <mask> is a member of professional societies including the National Academy of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Association of Biological Anthropologists, and the Society for American Archaeology. Honors
<mask> has published 35 books and monographs and over 200 articles and contributions to books. His textbook, Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology(W. W. Norton), is a leading introductory textbook, and Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton (Cambridge University Press),  the first major synthesis of the field of bioarchaeology. 1978–79 Pre-Doctoral Fellowship, Division of Physical Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution
 1984 Elected Member, Sigma Xi, the Scientific Research Society
 1990 Gary Shapiro Memorial Distinguished Lecturer, Museum of Florida History, Tallahassee
 1999 Amos Hawley Distinguished Term Professor, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
 2000 Marshall Urist Lecturer, Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons
 2001 Distinguished Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Ohio State University
 2002 Charles P. Taft Distinguished Lecturer, University of Cincinnati
 2003 Educational Hall of Fame Award, Beatrice, Nebraska
 2005–08 National Distinguished Lecturer, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Society
 2006 Elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
 2008 Gabriel W. Lasker Distinguished Service Award, American Association of Biological Anthropologists


title: Clark Spencer Larsen

texts:
 2016 Elected Member, National Academy of Sciences
 2017 Distinguished University Professor, Ohio State University
2020 Elected Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2020 Cozzarelli Prize, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Selected works
Clark Spencer Larsen (1982) The Anthropology of St. Catherines Island: 3. Prehistoric Human Biological Adaptation.Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 57, part 3. 115 pp. Christopher B. Ruff, <mask> <mask>, and Wilson C. Hayes (1984) Structural Changes in the Femur with the Transition to Agriculture on the Georgia Coast. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 64:125–136. <mask> <mask>, Margaret J. Schoeninger, Nikolaas J. van der Merwe, Katherine M. Moore, and Julia A. Lee-Thorp (1992) Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotopic Signatures of Human Dietary Change in the Georgia Bight. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 89:197–214. <mask> <mask> and George R. Milner (editors) (1994) In the Wake of Contact: Biological Responses to Conquest.Wiley-Liss, New York. 216 pp. <mask> <mask> (1995) Biological Changes in Human Populations with Agriculture. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:185–213. <mask> <mask> (2000) Skeletons in Our Closet: Revealing Our Past through Bioarchaeology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. 248 pp.Richard H. Steckel, Jerome C. Rose, <mask> <mask> and Phillip L. Walker (2002) Skeletal Health in the Western Hemisphere from 4000 B.C. to the Present. Evolutionary Anthropology 11:142–155. <mask> <mask> (2003) Animal Source Foods and Human Health during Evolution. In (Montague Demment and Lindsay Allen,

masks:
Clark Spencer
Larsen
Clark Spencer
Larsen
Clark Spencer
Larsen
Clark Spencer
Larsen
Clark Spencer
Larsen
Clark Spencer
Larsen
Clark Spencer
Larsen


title: Clark Spencer Larsen

texts:
 supplement editors) Animal Source Foods to Improve Micronutrient Nutrition and Human Function in Developing Countries. Journal of Nutrition 133:3893S–3897S. <mask> <mask> (2006) The Agricultural Revolution as Environmental Catastrophe: Implications for Health and Lifestyle in the Holocene.In (S.A.G. Leroy, H. Jousse, and M. Cremaschi, guest editors), Impact of Rapid Environmental Changes on Humans and Ecosystems. Quaternary International 150:12–20. John L. Brooke and <mask> <mask> (2014) The Nurture of Nature: Genetics, Epigenetics, and Environment in Human Biohistory. In: Roundtable Forum on History and Biology, edited by Randolph Roth. American Historical Review 119:1500–1513. <mask> <mask> (2015) Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton, Second Edition.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 650 pp. <mask> <mask> (2020) Our Origins: Discovering Physical Anthropology, Fifth Edition. W. W. Norton, New York. 509 pp. http://books.wwnorton.com/books/webad.aspx?id=4294992858

Pedro Da-Gloria and <mask> <mask> (2017) Subsisting at the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary in the New World: A View from the Paleoamerican Mouths of Central Brazil. PaleoAmerica 3:101–121.Richard H. Steckel, <mask> <mask>, Charlotte A. Roberts, and Joerg Baten, editors (2019) The Backbone of History: Health, Diet, Work, and Violence over Two Millennia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 462 pp. <mask> <mask>, Christopher J. Knüsel, Scott D. Haddow, Marin A. Pilloud, Marco Milella, Joshua W. Sadvari, Jessica Pearson, Christopher B. Ruff, Evan M. Garofalo, Emmy Bocaege, Barbara J. Betz, Irene Dori, Bonnie Glencross (2019)