title: Carmen Yulín Cruz

texts:
 21, 2019, <mask> announced that she was joining Senator Bernie Sanders' Presidential campaign as one of its four national co-chairs. 2021 Mount Holyoke College - Harriet L. Weissman and Paul M. Weissman Distinguished Fellow in Leadership

Awards

<mask> has received numerous recognitions and awards, including the Martin Luther King Centre Justice, Peace and Freedom Award and Humanitarian Leadership Award in 2018, the Antonio Villaraigosa Leadership Award in 2018, the AIDS Healthcare Foundation Humanitarian Award 2017, and the Puerto Rico Arts Alliance Felisa Rincón Legacy Public Service Award.She was also nominated by People en Español as one of the 50 most Powerful Women in 2017, and Time magazine chose her as candidate for Person of the Year recognition in 2017. In 2018, she was on the Time list of the 100 most Influential People in the World for her leadership in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria. She has also received the prestigious Ridenhour Truth-Telling Award, as well as Casa de Esperanza's Award for Inspirational leadership, the Hank Aaron Champion of Justice Award, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference's Award for Economic Justice. In 2018, she was named to Essence magazine's Woke 100 Women list. Personal life
<mask> married psychologist and University of Sacred Heart professor Alfredo Carrasquillo on September 25, 2010, three months after their relationship started. They divorced a year later, but remarried in 2013 and divorced in 2017. <mask> has a daughter, <mask> <mask>, from a previous marriage.See also

List of Puerto Ricans
History of women in Puerto Rico

References

External links

<mask> <mask> on CamaraDeRepresentantes.org

1963

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Cruz
Cruz
Cruz
Cruz
Marina Yulín
Paul Cruz
Carmen Yulín
Cruz


title: George Catlin (political scientist)

type: original

texts:
Sir <mask> (26 July 1896  – 7 February 1979) was an English political scientist and philosopher. A strong proponent of Anglo-American co-operation, he worked for many years as a professor at Cornell University and other universities and colleges in the United States and Canada. He preached the use of a natural science model for political science. McMaster University Libraries holds his correspondence archive and the body of some of his works. He had two children, one of whom was the politician and academic Shirley Williams. Early life

<mask> was born in Liverpool, the son of Edith Kate (Orton) and <mask> (1858–1936), an Anglican clergyman. He was educated at St Paul's School, and New College, Oxford.It was here that he converted to Roman Catholicism after his wartime hiatus. He volunteered for military service in the early months of the First World War, but was rejected, and spent most of the war working for the liquor traffic department of the Central Control Board. However, he became a soldier in the last months of the war, fighting on the Western Front in Belgium. Academic

After the war he received his M.A. at Oxford and won three major prizes, including the Gladstone Prize and the Matthew Arnold prize in 1921 for his essay on the political thought of Thomas Hobbes entitled Thomas Hobbes as Philosopher, Publicist and Man of Letters. He took up the relatively new field of political science. This was better established in the USA and at the invitation of the historian Wallace Notestein he began lecturing at Cornell University where he had the close association of Carl Becker.There he completed his doctoral thesis, published in 1926 entitled The Science and Method of Politics. This

masks:
George Edward Gordon Catlin
Catlin
George Edward Catlin


title: George Catlin (political scientist)

texts:
 was followed in 1929 by A Study of the Principles of Politics. He was an Assistant Professor of Politics at Cornell by the age of 28 and subsequently twice Acting chairman. In 1926 he was appointed to be the director of the National Commission (Social Research Council) to study the impact of prohibition in the United States. His conclusions were subsequently published as a book. Politics

<mask> was a strong proponent of Anglo-American co-operation, even to the extent of advocating an organic union between the two countries. He published Anglo-Saxony and Its Tradition in 1939.He also had ambitions to be directly involved in British politics through the Labour Party. Between 1928 and 1931 <mask> was attached to the personal staff of Sir Oswald Mosley. This was a period before Mosley had made his final break with the Labour Party to become openly fascist. In 1929 he assisted H.G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, and others in establishing The Realist magazine. <mask> was an unsuccessful Labour candidate in two general elections: 1931 in Brentford and Chiswick, and 1935 in Sunderland. From 1935 to 1937 he served on the executive committee of the Fabian Society.During the 1930s <mask> travelled extensively. He visited Germany, where in 1933 he witnessed the trial of Dimitrov for allegedly setting the Reichstag fire, a forewarning of what Nazism was to become. He went to Soviet Russia for a prolonged examination of the newly established Communist regime there and to Spain during the height of the Civil War. During this period <mask> wrote a large number of articles as a journalist, mostly for the Yorkshire Post. He served on the campaign team of Presidential candidate Wendell Willkie during 1940

masks: Catlin Catlin Catlin Catlin Catlin


title: George Catlin (political scientist)

texts:
 and his subsequent book, One Anglo-American Nation appeared in 1941. He was an early advocate for the independence of India, after meeting Mahatma Gandhi in 1931 in London. He visited India in 1946 and 1947 and published a tribute to Gandhi after his assassination, In the Path of Mahatma Gandhi (1948).In 1947 <mask> lectured in Peking. He served as Provost of Mar Ivanios College in India for 1953–54 and as chairman and Bronfman Professor in the Department of Economics and Political Science at McGill University between 1956 and 1960. He was a founder of the Movement for Atlantic Union, which was established in 1958. He drafted the constitution of the Paris-based Atlantic Institute, founded in 1961. He was also a member of the Pilgrims Club of Great Britain. His autobiography, on which he had worked sporadically since the end of the First World War, was finally published in 1972 as For God's Sake, Go. Honours

In the 1970 Birthday Honours, <mask> was knighted for services to Anglo-American relations.Private life
Catlin married the English novelist Vera Brittain in 1925 after a courtship that began as a correspondence. She was pursuing her own career as a writer in Britain and the marriage endured many Atlantic-wide separations. They had two children: John Edward Jocelyn Brittain-<mask> (1927–1987), whose memoirs, Family Quartet, appeared in 1987; and the Liberal Democrat politician Shirley Williams, Baroness Williams of Crosby (1930–2021). After Vera's death in 1970, <mask> married Delinda Gates (1913–2002) in Chelsea, London, in 1971. He died in Southampton, Hampshire, in 1979 at the age of 82 and was buried alongside his father at St James the Great Church, Old Milverton,

masks: Catlin Catlin Catlin Catlin


title: George Catlin (political scientist)

texts:
 Warwickshire. References

Further reading
 Brittain, Vera. Testament of Experience (1957) his wife's memoir.<mask>, <mask> Gordon. For God's Sake, Go! (1972) autobiography. Gorman, Daniel. "<mask>, the science of politics, and Anglo-American union." Modern Intellectual History 15.1 (2018): 123+. Kang, Sugwon, and Francis D. Wormuth."Sir <mask>." PS: Political Science & Politics 12.4 (1979): 544-545. obituary
 Utter, Glenn H.  and Charles Lockhart, eds. American Political Scientists: A Dictionary (2nd ed. 2002) pp 60–62,  online. Wormuth, Francis D. "The Politics of <mask>lin." Western Political Quarterly 14.3 (1961): 807-811. online

External links
Biography of <mask>lin and description of the <mask> Gordon Catlin fonds, McMaster University Libraries
The Function of Political Science Paper published 1956 by <mask>lin
 Paul Berry and Mark Bostridge, Vera Brittain: A Life (1995)

1896 births
1979 deaths
Alumni of New College, Oxford
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism
Cornell University alumni
English Roman Catholics
English autobiographers
English political scientists
Labour Party (UK) parliamentary candidates
McGill University faculty
Members of the Fabian Society
People educated at St Paul's School, London
Academics from Liverpool
20th-century English

masks:
Catlin
George Edward
George Catlin
George Catlin
George Cat
George Cat
George Edward
George Cat


title: Ryan Goins

texts:
<mask> (born February 13, 1988) is an American professional baseball second baseman and shortstop in the Atlanta Braves organization. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Toronto Blue Jays, Kansas City Royals, and Chicago White Sox. Amateur career
<mask> attended Stony Point High School in Round Rock, Texas, where he played on his school's baseball team as a shortstop. He then enrolled at Dallas Baptist University, where he played college baseball for the Dallas Baptist Patriots from 2007 to 2009. In three seasons, <mask> hit 32 home runs and recorded 117 runs batted in (RBIs). In 2009, he set the Patriots record for home runs in a single season with 22. In 2008, <mask> played for the Waterloo Bucks in the Northwoods League during the offseason.Professional career

Minor league career

The Blue Jays drafted <mask> in the fourth round of the 2009 MLB draft. He was assigned to the Rookie Gulf Coast League Blue Jays, and also played for the Short Season Auburn Doubledays and Class-A Lansing Lugnuts in 2009, collectively batting .246 with 17 RBIs. In 2010, <mask> played 77 games with the Lugnuts and batted .308 before he was promoted to the Advanced-A Dunedin Blue Jays. In 124 total games in 2010, <mask> batted .271 with 3 home runs and 53 RBIs. Apart from 1 rehab game in the Gulf Coast, <mask> played the entire 2011 season in Dunedin, and batted .284 with 3 home runs and 52 RBIs. <mask> played for the Double-A New Hampshire Fisher Cats in 2012, batting .289 with 7 home runs and 61 RBIs in a career-high 136 games played. After the season ended <mask> played 13 games with the Salt River Rafters of the Arizona Fall League, and hit .133 with 5 RBIs.The Blue Jays added him to their 40-man roster after the

masks:
Ryan Matthew Goins
Goins
Goins
Goins
Goins
Goins
Goins
Goins
Goins
Goins


title: Ryan Goins

texts:
 2012 season. For most of the 2013 season, <mask> played for the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. He was batting .257 with 6 home runs and 46 RBIs for the Bisons before his promotion. Toronto Blue Jays

2013–2014
<mask> was called up by the Blue Jays on August 22, 2013, when Maicer Izturis was placed on the 15-day disabled list. He made his MLB debut on August 23, batting ninth and playing second base against the Houston Astros. <mask> would later move to shortstop and finished the game 2–4 with a double. He recorded his first career RBI on August 25 when he grounded out in the ninth inning.On August 31, 2013, <mask> tied a Blue Jays franchise record by hitting in his 8th consecutive game to begin his major league career. Jesse Barfield also opened his career with an 8-game hitting streak in 1981. <mask>' hit streak ended at 8 games on September 1 against the Kansas City Royals, when he went 0–4 with 2 strikeouts. He hit his first big league home run on September 18, off David Huff of the New York Yankees, and would finish the season with a .252 average, 2 home runs, and 8 RBIs. <mask> attended 2014 spring training, seeing regular playing time at second base. He was announced as the starting second baseman for the Blue Jays on March 24, after posting a batting average of just .176. He was optioned to Triple-A Buffalo on April 28.On July 22, <mask> was recalled from Buffalo. He set career-highs in both hits and RBI, with 4 each, in a 14–1 win over the Boston Red Sox on July 28. He was sent down once again, before being called up on September 1. In total for 2014, <mask> batted .188 with 1 home run and 15 RBI in 67 games. 2015–2017
Goins did not make the 2015 Opening Day roster out of spring training, with Toronto opting

masks: Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins


title: Ryan Goins

texts: to open the season with an eight-man bullpen. On April 16, he was recalled from Buffalo after Todd Redmond was designated for assignment. <mask> became the starting shortstop on April 28, as José Reyes was placed on the disabled list with a cracked rib.After Reyes returned from the disabled list on May 25, <mask> remained with the Blue Jays as a utility infielder. On July 26, he became the starting second baseman due to an injury to Devon Travis. It was at this time that Blue Jays' hitting coach, Brook Jacoby, made a change to <mask>' batting stance. Rather than hold the bat above his shoulder while awaiting a pitch, Jacoby had <mask> lower the bat and rest it on his shoulder before swinging. The change paid immediate dividends, as <mask> experienced the most productive month of his career, batting .314 with two home runs, 16 walks, and an .885 on-base plus slugging (OPS) in August. On September 1, <mask> hit a two-run walk-off home run in the 10th inning to defeat the Cleveland Indians 5–3. <mask> would record the first five-hit game for a shortstop in franchise history on September 30, aiding the Blue Jays to a division-clinching 15–2 victory over the Baltimore Orioles.<mask> played in a career-high 128 games in the 2015 regular season, and batted .250 with five home runs and 45 RBI. He played in all five games of the 2015 American League Division Series, and went hitless in 17 at-bats. In game 3 of the 2015 American League Championship Series against the Kansas City Royals, <mask> hit his first postseason home run, drove in three runs and scored twice to help Toronto to an 11–8 win. <mask> began the 2016 season as the team's primary second baseman, with Devon Travis still recovering from offseason shoulder

masks: Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins


title: Ryan Goins

texts:
 surgery. On July 1, 2016, <mask> made his professional pitching debut, being pressed into service in the 18th inning of a 19 inning marathon game against the Cleveland Indians. <mask> was placed on the 15-day disabled list the following day with forearm tightness. He was activated on August 1, and optioned to Buffalo on August 2.On August 19, <mask> was recalled from Triple-A. He finished the 2016 regular season with a .186 batting average, three home runs, and 12 RBI. <mask> was on the Wild Card roster but did not play in the game. He was not on the Division Series roster. During the Division Series, Devon Travis suffered a knee injury that kept him out of the lineup for two games. With team management unsure of Travis' health, <mask> was added to the Championship Series roster. <mask> recorded the first grand slam of his career in the Blue Jays 8–4 win over the Milwaukee Brewers on May 24, 2017.He led MLB in 2017 with 10 bases-loaded hits. On December 1, 2017, <mask> was non-tendered by the Blue Jays, making him a free agent. Kansas City Royals
On January 24, 2018, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Kansas City Royals that included an invitation to spring training. <mask> earned a spot on the Royals' Opening Day Roster. <mask> was designated for assignment on June 28. He was assigned outright to the Omaha Storm Chasers on July 2, and elected free agency. Philadelphia Phillies
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Philadelphia Phillies on July 3, 2018, and was assigned to the Triple-A Lehigh Valley IronPigs, for whom he batted .220/.291/.315.He elected free agency on November 2, 2018. Chicago White Sox
On December 10, 2018, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox

masks: Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins Goins


title: Ryan Goins

texts:
 that included an invitation to spring training. On March 26, 2019, he was sent to minor league camp to play for the Triple-A Charlotte Knights. On July 17, <mask> was called up and made his White Sox debut that same day. <mask> had 2 hits with a 2-run home run in his first game with the club. On October 28, the White Sox outrighted <mask> off of the roster. <mask> elected free agency on October 31.Oakland Athletics
<mask> signed a minor league contract, with an invitation to major league spring training, with the Oakland Athletics on November 25, 2019. He was released on July 19, 2020. Second stint with the White Sox
On July 23, 2020, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox. On July 27, his contract was purchased and he was called up to the major leagues. On August 31, <mask> was designated for assignment by the White Sox. He elected free agency on September 28. Atlanta Braves
On February 26, 2021, <mask> signed a minor league contract with the Atlanta Braves organization.References

External links

1988 births
Living people
People from Round Rock, Texas
Baseball players from Texas
American baseball players of Mexican descent
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Major League Baseball shortstops
Toronto Blue Jays players
Kansas City Royals players
Chicago White Sox players
Dallas Baptist Patriots baseball players
Gulf Coast Blue Jays players
Auburn Doubledays players
Lansing Lugnuts players
Dunedin Blue Jays players
New Hampshire Fisher Cats players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Major League Baseball second basemen
Salt River Rafters players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Charlotte Knights players
Baseball players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic baseball players of


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
<mask> (born 26 August 1981) is a British singer-songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. Initially known for her interpretation of jazz and swing standards, she is now established as a writer of original compositions, including musical theatre. She has been described as "an exquisite wordsmith" with "a voice that can effortlessly render any emotion with commanding ease" and her songs as being "impressively crafted and engrossing vignette[s] of life's more difficult moments". Three of her six albums have received four-starred reviews in the British national press. Another album, Between Me and the Wardrobe, received a five-starred review in The Observer. Her seventh album, Letters I Haven't Written, was released in October 2018. Early life and education
Born in Wimbledon, London, to Mary and <mask>, she was brought up in Surrey and Hampshire in the south of England.She began playing the piano at the age of three and was writing basic songs at the age of five. She also learned the French horn, achieving Grade 8 by the age of 15. Throughout her teenage years she played music with local orchestras and bands such as the Surrey County Youth Orchestra and also briefly formed a short-lived punk band called Wasted Minds. At 14 she recorded a demo tape of her own songs at Trinity Studios, Woking; however, despite music industry interest, she chose to continue with her studies. <mask> went to Glebelands School in Cranleigh, Surrey and, for her sixth form studies, to Alton College in Hampshire, where her musical tastes moved more towards jazz music. While she was studying at St Chad's College, University of Durham, she met up with

masks:
Gwyneth Herbert
Brian Herbert
Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 fellow student Will Rutter and together they began to write and perform in the cafés and bars of North East England as a jazz duo called Black Coffee. Professional career

First Songs
After leaving university, <mask> and Rutter moved to London, where they soon met a former member of Boney M, who had been asked to judge a forthcoming Polish television music competition.She and Rutter were invited to enter, and Black Coffee won the competition. Returning to London, Black Coffee continued to perform in local bars, before being introduced to Ian Shaw, a noted jazz vocalist. This led eventually to the production of a debut CD, First Songs, initially credited to "Gwyn and Will", of both original songs and jazz standards, which was launched at London's PizzaExpress Jazz Club in September 2003. The <mask> song "Sweet Insomnia" featured guest vocals from Jamie Cullum. Described by BBC Music's reviewer as "a lovingly crafted debut", the album received a significant amount of radio airplay on Jazz FM and BBC Radio 2, and was promoted by Michael Parkinson. Bittersweet and Blue
Soon after, <mask> was signed to the Universal Classics and Jazz label and released, in September 2004, her first major label album, Bittersweet and Blue. This comprised mainly standards, but also included three original tracks by <mask> and Rutter.<mask>'s version of Neil Young's "Only Love Can Break Your Heart", taken from this album, was featured on the soundtrack of romantic comedy Leap Year, directed by Anand Tucker and starring Amy Adams and Matthew Goode. John Fordham, in a four-starred review of the album for The Guardian, praised <mask>'s "precociously powerful chemistry of

masks:
Herbert
Herbert Rutter
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 taste and meticulous care for every sound – from a whisper to an exhortation". Between Me and the Wardrobe
<mask> left Universal Classics and Jazz to pursue a less commercial and more personal musical direction and then self-financed a project in which she collaborated with Polar Bear's Seb Rochford in a production role. Between Me and the Wardrobe, an album of self-penned songs, was recorded in three days and was never intended for general release. The album was initially made available, in 2006, on <mask>'s own Monkeywood label before being picked up by Blue Note Records, making <mask> their first UK signing in 30 years. In a five-starred review, Stuart Nicholson of The Observer said that on this album she "lets the lyrics do the work for her. They are well thought out, moving between artfully constructed soft-focus simplicities to poignant yearning".Ten Lives and All the Ghosts
In early 2008, <mask> was commissioned by a collaborative project between Peter Gabriel and Bowers & Wilkins to record an acoustic album at Gabriel's Real World Studios. The result of these sessions – Ten Lives – was released as a digital download in July 2008, available only from the Bowers & Wilkins website as part of their Music Club. Remixed versions of these songs were to form the basis of <mask> Edge in July 2009 in Europe to critical acclaim, including four-starred reviews from The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian; the album was released in the United States in June 2010. This album also featured two further recordings – including a cover version of David Bowie's "Rock 'n' Roll Suicide" – by Robert Harder, who had previously collaborated with <mask> as

masks: Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbertim Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 recording engineer of Between Me and the Wardrobe. It was remastered for vinyl by Steve Rooke at Abbey Road Studios, London and reissued in LP format in 2010. Clangers and Mash
In October 2009, <mask> returned to Harder Sound Studio to record the song "Perfect Fit" which she gave away as a free download, available exclusively from Naim Edge. It was also released as a single on 7 March 2011.The track was also one of nine tracks on her EP Clangers and Mash, released on 1 November 2010, which included remixes, by Seb Rochford of Polar Bear, of some of her previously published songs. In a four-starred review for The Guardian, John Fordham described it as a "fascinating set of variations on the familiar for <mask> regulars, or an appealing introduction for jazz-averse newcomers", saying that although her songs had been radically transformed, "<mask>'s unfussy soulfulness and personal vision always glow through". The Sea Cabinet
In January 2010, <mask> was commissioned by Snape Maltings as artist in residence to write, record and perform a new body of work based on stories of the sea. This was performed in October 2010 at Snape Maltings. An album of this music, The Sea Cabinet, was released in May 2013 and launched in a series of concerts from 23 to 26 May at Wilton's Music Hall in London's East End. In a review of the album launch, The Guardians jazz critic John Fordham said that "<mask>'s imaginative narrative, and her casually commanding voice – whether softly nuanced as confiding speech or at full soaring-contralto stretch – were the central characters in an entertaining and often moving show that opens a new chapter in her creative story".

masks: Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 Michal Boncza, in a review for the Morning Star of musical performances in 2013, described it as a "stand-out", admiring "a voice that can effortlessly render any emotion with commanding ease.Every song is an impressively crafted and engrossing vignette of life's more difficult moments and they grab the attention time and again". The Financial Times four-starred review called it "a concept album about the debt British history owes to the sea". In a four-starred review The Independent described it as a "cabinet of curiosities" with "a cabaret approach to storytelling, in rollicking sea shanties and waltzes", and "inventive" instrumentation "featuring wheezing accordions, warbling woodwind, tinkling music boxes and rolling bells". Alexander Varty, for Vancouver's The Georgia Straight, said that the album "blends Weimar cabaret and English music-hall stylings, with disquieting touches of avant-garde jazz". Commenting on her live performance in July 2013 at the Love Supreme Jazz Festival in Glynde Place, East Sussex, Nick Hasted of The Independent said: "<mask> <mask> sings the shanties on her The Sea Cabinet album with happy, cabaret sensuality, detailing a relationship’s shipwrecked, sunken past in 'I Still Hear The Bells'". In a performance described as "mesmerising" and "a surreal delight", with "beautiful entrancing music", Theatre Elision gave the song cycle its United States premiere from 30 May to 9 June 2019 at The Southern Theater in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The production, which had a running time of 75 minutes, was directed by Lindsay Fitzgerald.Letters I Haven't Written
Letters I Haven't Written, her seventh album, was released on 12

masks: Gwyneth Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 October 2018. It was produced at Rockfield Studios, Monmouth and, like <mask>'s previous album The Sea Cabinet, was crowdfunded. The songs on the album, all written by <mask>, have been described as "exquisitely crafted". On the subjects of "love, gratitude and protest", they are about the lost art of letterwriting. Reviewing the album for Jazzwise magazine, Peter Quinn said that "Letters I Haven't Written is by turns moving, thrilling and entrancing". The A–Z of Mrs P
In 2010, <mask> won the Stiles and Drewe Song of the Year Award with her composition "Lovely London Town", from a musical she wrote with playwright Diane Samuels. The musical, The A–Z of Mrs P, tells the story of Phyllis Pearsall's creation of the London A to Z street atlas.It was performed in workshop with actress Sophie Thompson in May 2011 and opened at Southwark Playhouse on 21 February 2014 starring Peep Show actress Isy Suttie. The show's original cast recording, which includes a bonus track sung by <mask>, was released in March 2014. Springtime for Henry (and Barbara)
At Site Gallery, the contemporary art space in Sheffield, <mask> <mask> and the artist Mel Brimfield explored an imagined relationship between the sculptors Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth in Barbara and Henry – The Musical, which ran from 18 November to 13 December 2014. This developed into the spoof musical Springtime for Henry (and Barbara), which was performed at Wilton's Music Hall in London's East End on 26 and 27 January 2016. It starred Frances Ruffelle as Hepworth and Andrew C. Wadsworth as Moore. The Snow Queen and A Christmas Carol
In December 2016 and January 2017 she performed in, and was

masks: Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Gwyneth Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 composer, lyricist and musical director for, a musical production at Bristol Old Vic of Hans Christian Andersen's story The Snow Queen, directed by Lee Lyford. The Guardians reviewer, Lyn Gardner, praised "<mask> <mask>’s delightful songs and their deadpan wit".She returned to Bristol Old Vic in December 2018 as a performer, composer, lyricist and musical director for a musical production of the Charles Dickens story A Christmas Carol, also directed by Lee Lyford, which received a five-starred rating from the Bristol Post and four stars from BroadwayWorld. Reviewing the show for WhatsOnStage.com, Daisy Bowie-Sell said: "<mask> <mask>'s music is a lovely, a-tonal mix of minor chords that are a little reminiscent of those heard in the Old Vic's recent The Grinning Man. And though the songs are not exactly ear worms, they are absolutely beautiful, including a love song sung by Crystal Condie as Scrooge's one-time love interest and Harry Bird as her partner." The Guardian described <mask>'s music for the show as "haunting". The production continued its run until 13 January 2019 and returned on 28 November 2019. Other musicals and compositions
In April 2012, <mask> <mask>'s one-act musical Before the Law, co-written with Christine Denniston and adapted from Peter Barnes' A Hand Witch of the Second Stage, received a Special Commendation at the inaugural Sidney Brown Memorial Award (now called the S & S Award) for the best new unproduced musical of the year, which is run by Mercury Musical Developments (MMD), the organisation that supports new musical theatre writing. It is the companion piece to After Lydia''', a 30-minute one-act musical based on

masks: Gwyneth Herbert Gwyneth Herbert Herbert Gwyneth Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts: Terence Rattigan’s play of the same name, which was commissioned by Sounds of England and was also a collaboration with Christine Denniston.After Lydia was given a 45-minute reading at Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club in London on Monday 14 March 2011, starring Rebecca Caine, Andrew C. Wadsworth, Simon Green and Daniel Fraser, with Stefan Bednarczyk as musical director. Directed by Maria Friedman, it also had a staged reading at the Watermill Theatre, Newbury, Berkshire in August 2012. <mask> was the composer and sound designer for a play by Diane Samuels, Poppy + George, which was performed at Watford Palace Theatre in February 2016. <mask> has also collaborated with Diane Samuels in writing a new musical about contraception, The Rhythm Method, which was performed at the Landor Space in Clapham, London in May 2018. <mask> composed music for Le Tabou, a full two-act musical theatre piece based on the surrealist novel Froth on the Daydream and the life of its author Boris Vian, written by Kath Burlinson and performed by Youth Music Theatre UK at the Barbican Theatre, Plymouth in August 2013. Her songs have been covered by other artists. "Not the Kind of Girl", a song that <mask> wrote for a screening of the 1928 film The Patsy at the Birds Eye View film festival at the BFI, was included by Ian Shaw on his 2017 album Shine Sister Shine.In 2017, <mask> wrote the song "Boxed Up Broken Heart" for actress Jasmine Armfield to perform in the BBC television programme EastEnders, in her role as Bex Fowler. She also co-wrote, with Olivia Stevens, the song "Leave A Little Light On", which was released as a single by Ruby and the Revelators in January 2019. Other


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 work

Performances
In March 2010, <mask> performed a newly commissioned score for Marion Davies’ 1928 silent comedy classic The Patsy, at BFI Southbank's Birds Eye View Film Festival. One of the songs, "Not the Kind of Girl", subsequently appeared as the final track on her 2018 album Letters I Haven't Written. In 2012, <mask> joined forces with members of the Buck Clayton Legacy Band to explore, in a series of concerts and talks, the jazz repertoire of Peggy Lee. In July 2012, she performed, with BBC Radio 3 DJ Max Reinhardt and Paris-based singer China Moses, in a revue by Alex Webb which told the story of Café Society, New York's first non-segregated nightclub. The show had a London Jazz Festival premiere at the Southbank Centre and a successful run at Kilburn's Tricycle Theatre.In 2014, she collaborated with artist Mel Brimfield in presenting The Palace That Joan Built, a celebration of the centenary of Joan Littlewood's birth, as part of the London Underground's Art on the Underground programme. This included a live performance at Stratford Underground station. In 2015, as part of the London Sinfonietta’s Notes to the New Government concert, which expressed composers' hopes for the future of society following Britain's general election, she performed a new song, "Tick Tock", described by The Guardian as "gloriously done, inveigh[ing] against educational conformity". In January 2016 she and Frances Ruffelle performed a cabaret piece when Charles, Prince of Wales and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall visited Wilton's Music Hall. In autumn 2017 she and her band previewed a new touring show and forthcoming album, Letters I Haven't Written.

masks: Herbert Herbert


title: Gwyneth Herbert

texts:
 Broadcasts
<mask> <mask> talked to Claire Martin about her album Bittersweet and Blue on BBC Radio 3's Jazz Line-Up on 12 February 2005 and was interviewed about her career on BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour on 28 November 2007. On 13 December 2013, with Frances Ruffelle, Isy Suttie and Neil Marcus, she talked with Tom Service on his BBC Radio 3 programme Music Matters about the development of musical theatre and The A–Z of Mrs P.

On 1 February 2008, in a broadcast for BBC Radio 3's Jazz Library, she joined the programme's presenter Alyn Shipton to discuss the recordings of Ella Fitzgerald.On 23 March 2008 she joined Alyn Shipton to select the best albums from singer Anita O'Day's discography. On 23 October 2011, in another broadcast for Jazz Library, subsequently made available as a podcast, she joined Shipton to identify the best work of the saxophonist and singer Louis Jordan. On 22 March 2014 she picked, with Shipton, the essential recordings of Dinah Washington. In 2010, 2011 and 2013 she and Thomas Guthrie sang in The Playlist, a series of BBC Radio 4 broadcasts recreating the previously unknown musical lives of famous figures from the past, discovering and recording their favourite songs – including songs they themselves had composed. Recordings
<mask> <mask> has appeared on other artists' albums. She is featured on the track "A Day In The Life Of A Fool" on Konishi Yasuharu's 2011 album One and Ten Very Sad Songs – Konishi Yasuharu Is Pizzicato One (Universal Music). She provided "vocal theremin"  on the track "C.H.A.O.S.(The Third version)" on Bourgeois & Maurice's 2013 album The Third. She also produced this track and three others on the

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title: Gwyneth Herbert

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 album, co-producing a fifth track with Ben Humphreys. She was a vocalist on Dave Price's original soundtrack digital album for The Roof, which was performed by London's Fuel Theatre during 2014. On Janette Mason's 2014 album D'Ranged she took lead vocals on two tracks – the Alison Moyet song "This House"  and Paul Weller's "You Do Something To Me". London Jazz News described the treatment of Paul Weller's song, with <mask> accompanied only by Mason's piano, as "a haunting and affecting performance". <mask> is also a record producer. She produced Frances Ruffelle's album, I Say Yeh-Yeh, released on 9 October 2015 and provided musical arrangements for Ruffelle's shows in New York City in 2017 and 2019, which she co-created, Frances Ruffelle Live(S) in New York!''Performance
<mask> <mask> has been described as a "sophisticated jazz-ballad artist" with a "precociously powerful chemistry of taste and meticulous care for every sound – from a whisper to an exhortation" and "a voice that can effortlessly render any emotion with commanding ease". Personal life
After several years in Hackney, London, <mask> <mask> now lives in St Leonards-on-Sea, Hastings, East Sussex. In 2016 she married musician Ned Cartwright. Discography

<mask> <mask> and Will Rutter

Gwyneth <mask>

Various artists

The A–Z of Mrs P Original London Cast

Janette Mason

References and footnotes

External links

"Gwyneth <mask> Sounds Like This", October 2015
"Perfect Fit" (free download)

1981 births
Living people
21st-century British pianists
21st-century English composers
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English singers
21st-century women composers
Alumni of St

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title: Filippo Menczer

texts:
<mask> is an American and Italian professor of informatics and computer science who is the former director at the Center for Complex Networks and Systems Research,  a research unit of the Indiana University School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering. He holds courtesy appointments in Cognitive Science and Physics, is a founding member and advisory council member of the IU Network Science Institute, a senior research fellow of the Kinsey Institute, and a fellow of the Center for Computer-Mediated Communication, and a former fellow of the Institute for Scientific Interchange in Turin, Italy. In 2013 he was named a Distinguished Scientist of the ACM. Education, career, service
Menczer holds a Laurea in physics from the Sapienza University of Rome and a PhD in computer science and cognitive science from the University of California, San Diego. He used to be an assistant professor of management sciences at the University of Iowa, and a fellow-at-large of the Santa Fe Institute. At Indiana University Bloomington since 2003, he served as division chair in the Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing in 2009–2011. Menczer has been the recipient of Fulbright, Rotary Foundation, and NATO fellowships, and a Career Award from the National Science Foundation.He holds editorial positions for the journals EPJ Data Science, Network Science, and PeerJ Computer Science. He has served as program or track chair for various conferences including the International World Wide Web Conference and the International ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media. He was general chair of the ACM Web Science 2014 Conference and general co-chair of the NetSci 2017 Conference. Research
Menczer's research focuses on Web science, social networks, social media, social computation, Web mining, data science, distributed and intelligent Web applications, and modeling of complex information networks. He introduced the idea of topical and adaptive Web crawlers, a specialized and


title: Delwyn Young

texts:
<mask> (born June 30, 1982) is an American former professional baseball utility player. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates. He is currently the manager of the State College Spikes of the MLB Draft League. High school years
<mask> attended Littlerock High School in Littlerock, California where he was a student and a four-year letterwinner in baseball. Delwyn graduated in 2000. College years and draft
<mask> attended Santa Barbara City College under coach Teddy Warrecker where he still holds the team records for hits, runs, home runs and RBIs. <mask> was drafted twice by the Atlanta Braves in 2000 (31st round) and 2001 (29th round), but did not sign as he preferred to remain in college.Professional career

Los Angeles Dodgers
<mask> was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 4th round of the 2002 MLB draft and signed with them on June 12, 2002. After hitting well in the Dodger rookie leagues in 2002 (.300) & 2003 (.323), <mask> played for the Vero Beach Dodgers in 2004, hitting .281 with 22 HRs, 85 RBIs, and 11 SBs earning Baseball America's second team Minor League All-Star honors as well as being a Florida State League All-Star at second base. In 2005, with the Double-A Jacksonville Suns he hit .296 with 16 HRs and 62 RBIs, leading to his promotion to the Triple-A Las Vegas 51s. He hit .325 with the 51s in 36 games the remainder of the season. While he was with the 51s, the organization decided to change his position, moving him from second base to the outfield. He spent the entire 2006 season with the 51s, hitting .273 with 18 HRs and 98 RBIs, though he had a high strikeout total with 104 strikeouts. <mask> made his MLB debut with the

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title: Delwyn Young

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 Dodgers on September 7, 2006 against the New York Mets at Shea Stadium.He went hitless in one at bat. He appeared in eight games for the Dodgers in September, going hitless in five at bats as a pinch hitter. On August 3, 2007, <mask> made his first career start with the Los Angeles Dodgers. He recorded his first hit as a pinch hitter on August 4 against the Arizona Diamondbacks. On August 9, in his second career start, he went 4 for 4 against the Cincinnati Reds. He hit his first major league home run on September 25, off Colorado Rockies' Manny Corpas. A couple days later he hit another one off San Francisco Giants' Barry Zito.On April 1, 2008, <mask> hit his first career walk-off single against San Francisco Giants pitcher Keiichi Yabu. He battled injuries the rest of the season, and had to undergo off-season surgery on his elbow  <mask>'s attempt to rejoin the Dodgers roster for 2009 was derailed when he suffered another minor injury in spring training and he began the season on the disabled list. He was eventually traded on April 14 to the Pittsburgh Pirates for two players to be named later. The Pirates sent Eric Krebs to the Dodgers on May 22, 2009, and they sent Harvey García to the Dodgers on August 1, 2009, to complete the trade. Pittsburgh Pirates
Although mostly an outfielder, <mask> began working with Pirates coach Perry Hill on playing second base, a position he played in the minor leagues and occasionally with the Dodgers. He finished 2009 with 16 doubles, 2 triples, 7 home runs, 43 runs batted in, 2 stolen bases, to go along with a .266 average, a .326 on-base percentage, a .381 slugging percentage, in 354 at bats. <mask> <mask> made the Pirates Opening Day roster out of spring

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title: Delwyn Young

texts:
 training as a bench player in 2010.On June 8, he hit a two-run homer against Stephen Strasburg during Strasburg's first start as a big league pitcher. He was granted free agency on November 2. Philadelphia Phillies
On January 6, 2011, the Philadelphia Phillies announced that <mask> had signed a minor league contract, with an invitation to spring training. He played the entire 2011 season with the Phillies top farm team, the Lehigh Valley IronPigs. He became a free agent again at the end of the season. Chicago White Sox
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Chicago White Sox on January 23, 2012. However, after not making the club out of spring training, he was released in March.Camden Riversharks
<mask> signed with the Camden Riversharks on July 26, 2012. Washington Nationals
<mask> signed a minor league contract with the Washington Nationals on January 14, 2013. <mask> was released in March 2013. Sugar Land Skeeters
Young signed with the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball for the 2014 season. He became a free agent after the 2016 season. Personal life
<mask>'s father, <mask> <mask>, Sr., was drafted in 1981 by the Cincinnati Reds out of Belmont High School in Los Angeles. He played 11 seasons with five different organizations.Coaching career
<mask> has previously served as the hitting coach for the rookie level Kingsport Mets in 2018 and the Short-Season A Brooklyn Cyclones in 2019, both minor league affiliates of the New York Mets. On April 12, 2021, <mask> was announced as the manager of the State College Spikes for the inaugural season of the MLB Draft League. <mask> also is an instructor for the Sugar Land Skeeters of the Atlantic League of

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title: Delwyn Young

texts:
 Professional Baseball. On January 18, 2022, <mask> was named the hitting coach for the High-A minor league affiliate of the Washington Nationals. https://www.talknats.com/2022/01/18/nats-player-development-hires-restructure-complete/

References

External links

1982 births
Living people
African-American baseball coaches
African-American baseball players
Albuquerque Isotopes players
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from California
Brooklyn Cyclones coaches
Camden Riversharks players
Cardenales de Lara players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Great Falls Dodgers players
Jacksonville Suns players
Las Vegas 51s players
Lehigh Valley IronPigs players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
Major League Baseball second basemen
Mayos de Navojoa players
Mexican League baseball left fielders
Mexican League baseball right fielders
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Riverside City Tigers baseball players
Santa Barbara City Vaqueros baseball players
South Georgia Waves players
Sugar Land Skeeters players
Team USA players
Tigres de Quintana Roo players
Vero Beach Dodgers players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American


title: Frank Westheimer

texts:
<mask> (January 15, 1912 – April 14, 2007) was an American chemist. He taught at the University of Chicago from 1936 to 1954, and at  Harvard University from 1953 to 1983, becoming the Morris Loeb Professor of Chemistry in 1960, and Professor Emeritus in 1983. The Westheimer medal was established in his honor in 2002. <mask> did pioneering work in physical organic chemistry,
applying techniques from physical to organic chemistry and integrating the two fields. He explored the mechanisms of chemical and enzymatic reactions,
and made fundamental theoretical advances. <mask> worked with John Gamble Kirkwood on  the Bjerrum electrostatic analysis of carboxylic acids;
with Joseph Edward Mayer  on the calculation of molecular mechanics;
explored the mechanisms of enzyme catalysis with Birgit Vennesland
and determined the mechanisms of chromic acid oxidations and kinetic isotope effects. He received the National Medal of Science in 1986 "For his series of extraordinary, original and penetrating investigations of the mechanisms of organic and enzymic reactions, which have played an unequaled role in the advancement of our knowledge of the ways in which chemical and biochemical processes proceed."Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on January 15, 1912, to Henry F<mask> (1870–1960) and Carrie C (Burgunder) <mask> (1887–1972) of Baltimore, Maryland. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1932. He went on to  Harvard University, where he earned his masters in chemistry in 1933 and his doctorate in chemistry in 1935. <mask> came to Harvard hoping to do research with James Bryant Conant. When told that Conant would not take on new students, <mask> outwaited him and was finally accepted as his last graduate student. <mask> did some work on semicarbazone at Conant's suggestion. Conant also suggested that <mask> work during the summer with Alsoph Corwin at Johns Hopkins University.By doing porphyrin synthesis with Corwin, <mask> gained needed laboratory experience. In 1933, Conant became president of Harvard in 1933 and ceased doing research. Nonetheless, Conant's interactions

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title: Frank Westheimer

texts:
 with <mask> had a lasting effect, impressing <mask> with the need "to do important things". <mask> completed his Ph.D. with E.P. Kohler. Although <mask> described Kohler's organic chemistry class as "marvelous", Kohler gave <mask> little direction or feedback about his research, which was largely self-directed. Another of Kohler's students, Max Tishler, expanded upon some of  <mask>'s research, leading to a co-publication on the derivation of a furanol.In 1935 and 1936, as a National Research Council Fellow, <mask> worked with physical chemist Louis P. Hammett at Columbia University. Hammett was a founder of the field of physical organic chemistry. <mask> taught at the University of Chicago from 1936 to 1954, and at  Harvard University from 1953 to 1983. He served as Chairman of the chemistry department at Harvard  from 1959 to 1962. He became the Morris Loeb Professor of Chemistry at Harvard in 1960. He retired from teaching to become Professor Emeritus in 1983, and retired from research in 1988. University of Chicago
<mask>'s first academic appointment was an independent Research Associateship at the University of Chicago, from 1936 to 1937.He became an instructor in 1937 and a Professor in 1948. As a lecturer in chemistry he taught the university's first course in physical organic chemistry. During <mask>'s second year at Chicago, John Gamble Kirkwood taught there. <mask> worked with Kirkwood on problems in organic chemistry involving electrostatics. <mask> related electrostatics to their effects on the properties of organic compounds. Kirkwood and <mask> published four classical papers developing fundamental ideas in enzymology about the theory of the electrostatic influence of substituents on the dissociation constants of organic acids. They developed a Bjerrum electrostatic analysis of carboxylic acids.Their Kirkwood-Westheimer model for an ellipsoid cavity reconciles the work of Niels Bjerrum on dibasic acids with that of Arnold Eucken on dipole substituted acids, showing that they could coexist in the same physical world. Elaborations and fuller testing of their ideas

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title: Frank Westheimer

texts:
 have required forty years and the development of computers. During World War II, from 1943 to 1945, <mask> worked for the National Defense Research Committee. He was a supervisor at the Explosives Research Laboratory in Bruceton, Pennsylvania. He did research on nitric acid, discovering a new acidity function for nitration reactions. He hesitated to discuss his work on the triphenyl carbinol series with physical chemists because of the secrecy requirements of the project. Other researchers such as Christopher Ingold were first to publish in the area.<mask> was also influenced by the development of statistical mechanics by physicists Joseph Edward Mayer and Maria Goeppert-Mayer, who moved to the University of Chicago in 1945. <mask> applied the principles of statistical mechanics to the structure of organic molecules, to better understand the ways in which molecules are assembled from atoms. <mask> first consulted Mayer about applying techniques from statistical mechanics to the racemization of optically active biphenyls. All of his calculations were worked out by hand. The work became a model for studies of other elements and is considered foundational. The field of molecular mechanics, as it is now known, has wide applications. In 1943, <mask> began publishing on the mechanisms of chromic acid oxidations, publishing a "masterly
review" of the area in 1949.In 1950, University of Chicago biochemist Birgit Vennesland approached <mask> about a project she and her student Harvey Fisher were doing, involving isotopes in enzyme reactions. Vennesland had developed a project involving the fate of hydrogen atoms in alcohol dehydrogenase. Vennesland and Fisher's results were puzzling in that a specific hydrogen in the pair at C1 in ethanol appeared to be uniquely reactive in the presence of the enzyme. <mask> joined the project and helped develop an explanation based on the idea of enantiotopicity to explain how the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase removed hydrogen from the alcohol molecule, enabling the body to metabolize alcohol. The researchers published two classic papers in 1953, "the

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title: Frank Westheimer

texts:
 first demonstration of the enzymatic discrimination between the two enantiotopic hydrogen atoms on the methylene carbon atom of ethanol." The phenomenon they reported was not named enantiospecificity until much later. <mask> designed additional experiments that proved their initial conjecture and established the isotope-based chirality of  enzymes.This work was essential to understanding topicity, the enantiotopic and diastereotopic relationships between groups (or atoms) within molecules. In 2006, their 1953 paper (part I) received a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of the History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society. Harvard University
In 1953, soon after completing the work on alcohol dehydrogenase, <mask> moved to Harvard University. He continued his interest in reaction mechanisms, isotopes and oxidation. In 1955, <mask> published the first of many articles on the chemistry of phosphate esters and phosphorus derivatives. He proposed that ATP transfers phosphate through a reactive monomeric metaphosphate species. While this did not turn out to be the literal case, many enzymic reactions do proceed through transition states that have this as a significant component.In a 1961 article, <mask> applied ideas from statistical mechanics to the effects of isotopic substitution on the reactivity of organic molecules. His work on the magnitude of kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) is still the basis of understanding in the field. Transition state structure's dependence on the kinetic isotope effect is known as the Westheimer Effect. The standard nontunnelling approach to KIEs is developed from <mask> and Lars Melander. The Melander-<mask> postulate has successfully predicted the ways in which KIEs and transition state (TS) structures vary. <mask> introduced the idea of photoaffinity labeling of the active site of proteins. The identification of the "active sites" of an enzyme is difficult in cases where proteins have hydrocarbon-rich sites.In 1962, <mask> and others demonstrated the synthesis of p-nitrophenyl diazoacetate and the subsequent acylation

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title: Frank Westheimer

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 of chymotrypsin to form diazoacetylchymotrypsin, which was then photolyzed. The introduction of an aliphatic diazo group into a bifunctional reagent enabled it to react with the enzyme. The photolabel generated a reactive carbenoid species capable of inserting into hydrocarbon C-H bonds. <mask> also approached the reactions of phosphate transfer through mechanisms that involve five-coordinate intermediates. In 1968, <mask> examined pseudorotation in phosphate ester chemistry and predicted the occurrence of pseudo-rotation of oxyphosphoranes. He showed the significance of this route and the importance of stereochemical rearrangements of the intermediates. <mask> developed a set of guidelines, based on experimental observations, also known as <mask>'s rules.They have been widely used for describing and predicting the products and stereochemistry of substitution reactions involving phosphorus. <mask>'s 1987 paper in Science, "Why nature chose phosphates", discusses the importance of phosphates as signaling and building blocks for living organisms. Phosphates possess a value of pKa that allows them to be doubly ionized at physiological pH. The singly ionized form in the phosphodiester linkages of nucleic acids resists being hydrolyzed by water, but is not so stable that it won't undergo enzymatic hydrolysis. This work continues to challenge and inspire researchers studying biological chemistry and reactions in RNA, DNA, and ribozymes. Awards and honors
<mask> became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1954 and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London in 1983. He chaired the National Academy of Sciences Committee for the Survey of Chemistry from 1964 to 1965.Chemistry: Opportunities and Needs, also known as the "Westheimer Report", encouraged the federal government to increase spending on fundamental research in chemistry, to achieve parity with other physical sciences. It identified biochemistry as a promising and overlooked area for medical and pharmaceutical research. The report's recommendations were implemented, and it is still considered to be

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title: Frank Westheimer

texts:
 "comprehensive, definitive, and forward-looking". <mask> was a member of President Lyndon Johnson's science advisory committee from 1967 to 1970. <mask> served on the Council of the National Academy of Sciences for two terms, from 1973 to 1975 and 1976-1978, as well as  being a Councillor of the American Philosophical Society (1981-1984), and Secretary of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1985-1990). As well as emphasizing the need for fundamental research, <mask> was concerned about other political issues. He argued against wars in Vietnam and Iraq.He was aware of environmental issues, supporting measures to decrease pollution, combat global warming, increase energy conservation, and develop alternative energy sources. He advocated that science needed to be taught in new ways, to better educate nonscientists about scientific issues. Among <mask>'s many honors are the U.S. National Academy Award in Chemical Sciences in 1980, the Robert A. Welch Foundation Award in 1982, the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1981, the U.S. National Medal of Science in 1986, the Priestley Medal in 1988; the Repligen Award for the Chemistry of Biological Processes in 1992; and the Nakanishi Prize in 1997. The <mask> medal was established in his honor in 2002. The medal is awarded by Harvard University "for distinguished research into the field of chemistry", particularly in the areas of organic and biological chemistry. Family
<mask><mask> was married in 1937 to Jeanne E. Friedman (1915-2001). They had two children, <mask> and  Ruth Susan <mask>.References

External links

 McLafferty, Fred W.; Abruña, Héctor D. A Conversation with Fred W. McLafferty 2006, 90 minute video, for Cornell University. Obituaries

1912 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American chemists
Jewish American scientists
National Medal of Science laureates
Harvard University faculty
Dartmouth College alumni
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
20th-century American

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title: Rima Melati

texts:
Marjolein Tambayong, better known by her stage name <mask> (born 22 August 1939), is an Indonesian actress and singer. Born in Tondano, Sulawesi, by the 1950s she had moved to Jakarta and become a model. After joining the girl group The Baby Dolls and taking a minor acting role, in 1961 <mask> starred in her first film, Kasih Tak Sampai (Unrealized Love, 1961). Since then she has appeared in almost a hundred feature films, including works by Wim Umboh, Sjumandjaja, and Teguh Karya. For this oeuvre she has received multiple awards, including a PWI Award for Best Actress for Noda Tak Berampun (Unforgivable Smear), a Citra Award for Best Leading Actress for Intan Berduri (A Thorned Gem, 1972), and five nominations for the Citra Award for Best Supporting Actress. <mask> has also worked as a fashion designer and, together with her husband Frans Tumbuan, restaurateur. Since surviving breast cancer in the 1990s, <mask> has campaigned for breast cancer awareness.Biography
Marjolein Tambayong was born in Tondano, Sulawesi, Dutch East Indies, on 22 August 1939. Though her father, Marinus Van Rest, was Dutch, she took the family name of her step-father, Tambayong. She moved to Jakarta and became a model, using the diminutive form of her name, Lientje. In the late 1950s she became a member of the girl group The Baby Dolls; this group also included Indriati Iskak, , and Baby Huwae. In 1958 Tambayong made her feature film debut with a minor role in Djuara Sepatu Roda (Roller-Skating Champion), a film which starred Indriati Iskak. Tambayong took the stage name Rima <mask> around 1960. Several sources, including the Encyclopedia of Jakarta, write that this occurred following the

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title: Rima Melati

texts: stillbirth of a child she had wanted to name Rima after Audrey Hepburn's character in Green Mansions; when she broached the subject with President Sukarno, he recommended that she take the name for herself, as her birth name was "too western" ("terlalu kebarat-baratan").In an interview with The Jakarta Globe, however, Tambayong stated that she had received the name when she had gone to the presidential palace to get petrol. She was called to speak with President Sukarno, and he said that her name was too western. Tambayong then combined the name of Hepburn's character with <mask> ("jasmine"), the name of a friend's daughter. <mask> <mask> took her first leading role in Kasih Tak Sampai (Unrealized Love) in 1961. Over the following two years she acted in ten further films, including Djantung Hati (Heart and Soul, 1961), Violetta (1962), and Kartika Aju (The Beautiful Kartika, 1963). She also made several appearances on the newly established State television network, TVRI. After finishing Kunanti Jawabmu (I Await Your Answer, 1963), <mask> took a hiatus from acting; the Encyclopedia of Jakarta attributes this to her having remarried.<mask> returned to the silver screen in 1969, after marrying Ir. Herwindo, with a role in Wim Umboh's Laki-Laki Tak Bernama (Man Without a Name). Over the next twenty years she appeared in more than seventy films, including Teguh Karya's directorial debut Wadjah Seorang Laki-Laki (Ballad of a Man, 1971), Sjumandjaja's directorial debut Lewat Tengah Malam (After Midnight, 1971), and the Indonesia–Netherlands collaboration Max Havelaar (1975). She received multiple awards and nominations during this period, including a Citra Award for

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title: Rima Melati

texts: Best Leading Actress at the 1973 Indonesian Film Festival for Intan Berduri (A Thorned Gem, 1972). <mask> married Frans Tumbuan, whom she met during a trip to the Netherlands, in 1973. Tumbuan, a restaurateur who was living in the Netherlands at the time, moved to Jakarta, and the couple opened several restaurants, including La Bistro, La Bodega, and Jaya Pub; this last one, established in 1975, is Jakarta's oldest bar and has been described as "iconic". Tumbuan also began acting, making his feature film debut in Bung Kecil (Little Man); this film began production in 1978, but was only released in 1983 owing to difficulties with the censorship bureau.<mask> and Tumbuan remained together until the latter's death in 2015. In 1989, shortly after shooting Sesaat dalam Pelukan (A Moment's Embrace), <mask> was diagnosed with Stage 3B breast cancer. She underwent treatment for a year in the half, travelling to the Netherlands as Indonesian surgeons were unable to perform a partial mastectomy. She did not return to cinema until 1994, when she appeared in Sesal (Regret). Directed by her friend Sophan Sophiaan, this film starred Sophiaan as a writer who was unable to accompany his wife, played by Widyawati, on her deathbed. In 1997 <mask> directed the television serial Api Cinta Antonio Blanco (The Flame of Antonio Blanco's Love, 1997), based on the life of Antonio Blanco, a Spanish-American painter who settled in Bali. Melati has made several films after the turn of the millennium, including Banyu Biru (Blue Water, 2004) and Ungu Violet (Purple Violet, 2005)., her most recent feature film is Ayah, Mengapa Aku Berbeda? (Father, Why Am I Different?, 2011). In a 2012

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title: Rima Melati

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 interview, she stated that she had no intention of returning to film or television. She has continued as a fashion designer, and has campaigned for breast cancer awareness through the Jakarta Foundation of Breast Health. Filmography
In her career, which has spanned more than five decades, <mask> has appeared in almost a hundred films. She also directed Api Cinta Antonio Blanco (1997), which was released in cinemas as two separate films: Blanco, the Colour of Love (1997) and Bali Forever (2007). (2011)

Awards
<mask> won Best Actress at the 1971 PWI Awards, held by the Jakarta branch of the Indonesian Journalists Association, for her role as Marina in Noda Tak Berampun (Unforgivable Smear); she received three further nominations in that category, in 1972, 1973, and 1974, but did not win again.At the 1973 Indonesian Film Festival,  <mask> won a Citra Award for Best Leading Actress for her portrayal of Saleha in Intan Berduri. In the late 1980s she was nominated for five Citra Awards for Best Supporting Actress, but did not receive any. Awards and nominations

References

Works cited

1939 births
Citra Award winners
Indonesian Christians
Indonesian film actresses
Indonesian musicians
Living people
Actresses from North Sulawesi
Indo people
Minahasa

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title: Dan Hampton

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<mask> (born September 19, 1957) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive tackle for twelve seasons with the Chicago Bears from 1979 to 1990 in the National Football League (NFL). He was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002. He currently hosts the Bears postgame show on WGN Radio in Chicago. High school
The son of Robert and <mask>, he graduated from Jacksonville High School in Jacksonville, AR, in 1975. <mask> played football his junior and senior year. He suffered a disabling fall from a tree that kept him out of organized sports from grades 7-10. He participated in band, playing saxophone and five other instruments.He also played bass guitar and sang for a local band named "Sanctuary Woods." Doug Matthews of Jacksonville filled his large shoes in that band after he left. Whenever he was in town he would come to where they were playing and sit in with them. He never forgot his roots. He was always just like he had never left. Jacksonville High School coach Bill Reed is credited for "rescuing" him from the band.-
<mask> was also the bassist and vocalist for the band created by "Chicago Sports Profile Magazine" editor Lisa Levine after the success of the "Super Bowl Shuffle." The band "The Chicago Six" played "off season" from 1987-1990.The alumni from the group include Walter Payton (drums), Otis Wilson (lead vocalist), Shaun Gayle (sax & voice), Gary Nylund (guitar & voice), Curt Fraser (guitar & voice), drummers Graham Watson, Steve Cobb, and keyboardists John Redfield, Larry Harris and Jeffrey Abbott (Keytarjeff). The band also performed on both local and national television. College
Hampton played college football at Arkansas and was drafted in the first round of the 1979 NFL Draft by the Bears. He was part of a Razorback team that

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Dan


title: Dan Hampton

texts: thumped the highly favored Oklahoma Sooners in the 1978 Orange Bowl by a score of 31-6. Several key Razorback players had been suspended for the game by Arkansas Head Coach Lou Holtz which left the team short-handed. The fired up Razorbacks charged from the locker room in a fashion that the media noticed. When asked why the team came out of the locker room in such a hurry, <mask> answered, "Coach Holtz said the first eleven out of the locker room will start."As a senior <mask> was an All-American as he logged 98 tackles (18 behind the line of scrimmage). He was also named the Southwest Conference Defensive Player of the Year in 1978. In addition, that same season, <mask> was named by the Houston Post the SWC Player of the Year. As a junior, he had 70 tackles (8 for a loss). In 1976, as a sophomore, <mask> made 48 tackles (2 for losses) and recovered two fumbles. As a freshman, he had 21 tackles (4 for a loss). In his career, he made a total of 237 tackles with 32 being behind the line of scrimmage and recovered six fumbles.He was a four-year letterman, a three-year starter at Arkansas and a two-time All-Conference selection. He was also a member of the Razorback All-Decade team of the 1970s. During his time at Arkansas <mask> played alongside Ron Calcagni, Steve Little and Ben Cowins. In 1991, he was elected to the University of Arkansas Sports Hall of Honor and the following year he was voted to the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame. In 1994 <mask> was voted to the All-Century team of the University of Arkansas. <mask> was named one of the state of Arkansas' Top 50 greatest athletes in the 20th century. Mike Ditka remembers scouting <mask> while a member of the Dallas Cowboys coaching staff:  "I watched <mask> when he came out of Arkansas," Ditka said."I remember Coach [Tom] Landry

masks: Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Dan


title: Dan Hampton

texts:
 saying what a great football player he was going to be." NFL
<mask> was drafted by the Bears in the first round of the 1979 draft and on June 27, 1979, he signed a four-year $470,000 contract with the club that included a $60,000 signing bonus. In 1979, he was voted All-Rookie by the Pro Football Writers Association. The following year, he was a Second-team All-Pro selection and was voted to his first Pro Bowl after recording 11½ sacks which lead the Bears. His fierce style of play earned him the nickname of "<mask>mal". He was selected to four Pro Bowls and was a key defensive member of the Bears' Super Bowl XX win against the New England Patriots in 1986. <mask> was a versatile defensive lineman, making All-Pro at both defensive end and defensive tackle.In all, <mask> was 1st or 2nd team All-Pro in 1980, 1982, 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1988. His versatility likely cost him several post-season honors, for example, in 1986 he was an alternate for the Pro Bowl at both defensive end and defensive tackle. His playing both positions likely split the votes of his NFC peers. <mask> was also a 1st alternate for the Pro Bowl in 1988 and graded out as the top defender on the Bears that season, even though Mike Singletary was the NFL Defensive Player of the Year. During <mask>'s tenure in Chicago (1979–90), the Bears defense ranked #1 in the NFL in allowing the fewest rushing yards, the fewest rushing touchdowns, the fewest total yards, the fewest points and inflicted the most sacks. {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:lightsteelblue; width:20em;" cellspacing="5"
| style="text-align: left;" | "A lot of times in football, it's not so much the stat, but how you play the game. If that's the measuring stick, then <mask> played

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 the game as well as anybody."|-
| style="text-align: right;" | Coach Mike Ditka
|}
In 1982, he had a tremendous year while playing defensive tackle, recording 9 sacks in the 9-game, strike-shortened season. He was also named NFL defensive player of the year by Pro Football Weekly. He played out his option after that season and became a free agent. On July 15, 1983, <mask> signed a deal that made him the Bears' second highest-paid player (behind Walter Payton). <mask> signed three one-year contracts worth about $1 million (including bonuses), an average of about $333,000 per year. "<mask> will be the highest paid defensive lineman in the league this year," said Jim Steiner, <mask>'s agent. "I'm very happy," said <mask>."I'm glad to have the contract behind me so I can concentrate on training camp. I'm optimistic about this season and I didn't want to miss any of the fun." <mask> didn't miss out on the fun. He was voted the NFLPA NFC Defensive Lineman of the Year in 1984 along with being consensus All-Pro and made his third Pro Bowl. <mask> also tied his own career-best of 11½ sacks in 1984. The Bears' defense was the tops in the league and he was part of 1984 Bear defense that set the NFL record for most sacks in a season, with 72, and is the co-holder of the record for most sacks in a game with 12. The latter occurred against the Detroit Lions on December 16, 1984.Earlier in that season the Bears sacked Minnesota Viking quarterback Archie Manning 11 times, to tie the record for the second-most sacks in a game. During the middle of the Bears 1985 Super Bowl run, <mask> signed a 4-year contract extension. On November 8, 1985, he signed a
four-year deal worth $2.7 million. <mask> became the fifth highest-paid defensive lineman in the NFL when the contract began in 1986 with an

masks: Hampton Hampton Dan Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton Hampton


title: Dan Hampton

texts:
 estimated salary of $625,000. <mask> was making $325,000 during for the 1985 season. Also in the middle of 1985 <mask> moved from right defensive tackle to left defensive end, allowing William Perry to move into the starting lineup. Also that season, <mask>, feeling the "Bears Super Bowl Shuffle" was too cocky, declined involvement.Sports Illustrated 's Paul Zimmerman relates an anecdote that when he picked fellow Bear DT Steve McMichael for his All-Pro team in 1985 he was chided a year later by Buddy Ryan, then the head coach of the Philadelphia Eagles.Ryan told Zimmerman that he was disappointed in him and that he thought Zimmerman knew football. He then pulled out Bears films and showed Zimmerman that "<mask> was the cornerstone to our 46 defense by drawing constant double teams". That year, he also was credited for inventing the 'Gatorade dump" in which a coach is drenched with the drink after a victory, which was often credited with Harry Carson. <mask> remained at left defensive end in 1986 and was a First-team All-Pro. However, in the Bears 46 defense he would line up as a nose tackle and when the Bears lined up in a nickel defense, <mask> would play right tackle. Late in the 1987 season, Mike Ditka moved <mask> back to defensive tackle (where he played from 1982–1984), where he remained throughout the rest of his career. In his 1987 book "Fatso" Hall of Fame defensive tackle Art Donovan called <mask> the best defensive lineman in the NFL and "the closest thing to Gino Marchetti I've seen".<mask>'s play also caught the eye of John Madden, who named <mask> to his All-Madden team six times and to the 10th Anniversary All-Madden team. Injuries
During his football career <mask> endured 10 knee surgeries (five on each knee) and had two more just after finishing his 12th NFL

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title: Dan Hampton

texts:
 season in 1990. He is credited by the Chicago Bears as having 82 career sacks. He had a career-high of 11½ in both 1980 (as a DE) and 1984 (as DT). After his contract expired after 1989, <mask> signed a 1-year deal for $850,000 to play the 1990 season for the Bears. The final contract was incentive based, if <mask> played he got paid, if an injury forced him to the sidelines he would not. <mask> played 14 games—had he played all 16 he would have earned the full $1 million value of the contract.After the 1990 season <mask> was voted to the NFL All-Decade team of the 1980s. <mask>, who missed 23 games in his career due to severe knee injures, was a positive force on the Bear defense. From 1983-90, in games he missed the Bears only won 33% of the time. In games he played they won 75%. When he was in the lineup the Bears sacked the quarterback 3.6 times a game and only 2.3 times a game without him. When <mask> played the defense gave up an average of 14 points a game and allowed 23 points a game in the games he missed, all seemingly remarkable statistics. Retirement

<mask> retired from the Chicago Bears after the 1990 season.In 1990, he was the recipient of the George S. Halas Courage Award by the Pro Football Writers Association which is given to the player or coach who "has performed with abandon despite injury." Other winners over the years have been Robert Edwards, Dick Butkus, as well as others. <mask> was selected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2002. He was inducted with Washington Redskins head coach George Allen, Oakland Raiders tight end Dave Casper, Buffalo Bills quarterback Jim Kelly and Pittsburgh Steelers wide receiver John Stallworth. Post-NFL
<mask> is a co-host for the syndicated Pro Football Weekly television show which is approaching its 20th season on the

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 air. The show is hosted by a panel, Pro Football Weekly publisher/editor Hub Arkush as well as Chicago sportscaster Pat Boyle, and former Bear Tom Waddle. <mask> was also a color commentator for NFL games on NBC in the early 1990s, and called XFL games for the network in 2001.On May 22, 2002, <mask> was sentenced in Arkansas for his third DWI in six years. He received a sentence of one week in jail, a $1,000 fine, and was ordered to attend alcohol education courses. On November 20, 2021, <mask> was arrested in Winfield, Indiana on a charge of operating a vehicle while intoxicated. It was later reported that a toxicology report resulting from that arrest revealed a blood alcohol content of 0.189. <mask> is part of a Miller Lite and Gridiron Greats promotion to raise funds for retired NFL players in need. He also participates in "One for the Kids" Annual Golf Tournament that raises funds for various charities that support children in the Chicago area. <mask> has also been a spokesperson for companies such as Chevrolet and Firestone.<mask> is also renowned for coining various catch phrases, such as: "de facto'' cream-of-the-class, if you will," "throw it against the pallet to see what sticks," and "hit that town like Hurricane Katrina." He later apologized for his Katrina comment. References

External links

Member profile Pro Football Hall of Fame
<mask>'s Official Website

1957 births
Living people
Jacksonville High School (Arkansas) alumni
American football defensive ends
American football defensive tackles
Arkansas Razorbacks football players
Chicago Bears announcers
Chicago Bears players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
Sportspeople from Oklahoma City
Players of American football from Oklahoma
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
XFL

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title: Lawrence Vankoughnet

texts:
<mask> was an agent with Canada's Department of Indian Affairs in the late 19th century. <mask> moved quickly up the ranks of the DIA, beginning as a clerk with family connections to prime minister John A. Macdonald. From chief civil servant to deputy superintendent, <mask> accomplished a lot when he was present. After a 3-month sick leave for a "disordered nervous system", he wasted little time picking up where he left off. <mask> was noted by many historians to be the man who cut costs on the rations the government supplied to the reserves. Despite only visiting the reserves once, where he was reluctant to socialize with the chiefs, <mask> announced his change of policy plans in Battleford shortly afterwards: Indians would only be supplied with rations if they were unable to sustain themselves. <mask>’s goals as deputy superintendent of the DIA was to keep costs to a minimum.He thought that so long as they were supplying reserve peoples with rations, they would remain dependent on the government and therefore a significant burden to their expenditures. The Department of Indian Affairs and the loss of the buffalo

Relationships between settlers and Indigenous populations shifted drastically around the same time that Plains bison (buffalo) populations disappeared from the plains. With the loss of the buffalo came the loss of the nomadic lifestyles of the indigenous peoples. Their freedom was not something that they could maintain. With the collapse in the 1870s being something that many were not expecting, the government’s ability to supply adequate food was insufficient. Lack of food on reserve land combined with close living conditions and widespread poverty brought on devastating illnesses, including tuberculosis. Many historians viewed TB as the main killer of early reserve populations despite its presence in populations beforehand.The Metis, who were the offspring of white settlers and Indigenous women, lived less nomadic lives than the Indigenous people. After many fled the Red River

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title: Lawrence Vankoughnet

texts:
 settlement, they began setting up permanent settlements throughout the 1870s throughout the northwest. Many forts were the result of the Catholic mission, like Fort Laurent. <mask>, chairman of the Metis Council and fellow developer of Fort Laurent, saw the opportunity to higher eager metis workers and lower standards and wages. Laws and regulations at the Fort meant a secure supply of pemmican as buffalo populations dwindled. The Metis and Indians were hunting the same buffalo and many sensed their demise. As the decline of buffalo increased, so did the Metis and Indigenous' concern for their way of life.When the Liberal government of Alexander Mackenzie came into power in 1873, they began to hesitantly prepare the west for settlement. With Fort Laurent on the proposed railway route, <mask>, the Hudson Bay Company (HBC) and the federal government authorities sought control over the buffalo and pemmican supply- wanting it out of metis hands. In the mid 1870s, <mask>, Metis council president Gabriel Dumont and the Metis people got into an affair which illegitimated the Fort Laurent law system, bringing the British law into power and the buffalo and pemmican into the hands of the HBC. Two bad years of wheat production caused by an early frost in 1883 and a wet summer in 1884 further aggravated those struggling for food and money on the plains. The Numbered Treaties: The 1870s

Treaties were decided orally and later finalized in writing. First Nations people saw oral words to be as binding as written words, however, the government saw what was written as the final. Mistranslations often meant that what First Nations agreed to was not what they received.In 1873, the government began changing how they approached the treaty making process. A new chief negotiator and crucial Metis intervention were beneficial for both parties. In 1875, Treaty Six was successfully negotiated at Fort Carlton with the presence of a police force. Big Bear, a chief of the Cree people, refused to sign- worried about a

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title: Lawrence Vankoughnet

texts: hanging in the future. He was the first major chief on the Canadian Prairies to not sign. The heart of the fertile belt could now be prepared for settlers. Cree leaders signed Treaty Six with the understanding that they would receive medical help, protection from famine and assistance converting into an agricultural lifestyle.They did not account for mistranslations in the treaty process, extinction of the bison and economic marginalization. First Nations saw treaties as government reassurance that their way of life would be protected. The decline of the buffalo, the fur trade economy, and the increasing influx of white settlers presented a challenging and changing environment. The government saw treaties as an opportunity to get First Nations off the plains and white settlers onto the plains. When John A. Macdonald's Conservatives took over in 1878, development in the west took off. The colonization company scheme and the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway was seen as the key to a large influx of money. The metis were worried that they would be treated as squatters and lose the land that they were living on when settlers moved in.At the end of the 1870s, the Conservatives temporally ended the work-for-rations program upon realizing the extent to which the famine impacted the native population after the famine conference took place in Battleford. However, <mask>, then the deputy superintendent, kept a secret agenda in place which pushed agents of the Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) to continue demanding work from Indians who could work for them to earn the food that they were receiving. This was to ensure that they did not expect gift giving form the government. As life on the reserve continued to include starvation, malnutrition and illness, many Metis were caught sharing what little food they had. The head of the DIA between 1883 and 1893, Hayter Reed, discovered that even some of the police began sharing their rations. Natives in northwestern Saskatchewan and Alberta who were not


title: Lawrence Vankoughnet

texts:
 part of Treaty Six asked the government for assistance. Since the northern land was not suitable for agriculture, the government did not desire the land for settlement.<mask> made his point clear alongside Macdonald, in a letter written on February 22, 1890, saying that the making of a Treaty would be postponed until settlement was required. Dewdney, Vankoughnet and the Tension of the 1880s

In 1880, Edgar Dewdney was concerned that the clothes in which the people were living in was not adequate, and after much discussion, Vankougnet agreed that the Indians would be better-abled to work if they were supplied with better clothing. Following his trip to the west in the early 1880s, <mask> cut $140,000 headed for the prairies. He stated that the staff of the Indian administration were corrupt and employee termination was required to prevent further discrepancies. When the prime minister heard this from <mask>, he insisted that immediate termination should be completed without excuses. Dewdney was not consulted before this decision was made and tension between <mask> and Dewdney grew. In 1882, the police resisted the closer of Fort Walsh because they feared that it would prolong and worsen the famine.When <mask> told the prime minister that tighter control of the police would prevent them from acting on their own accord, the police argued that they wanted to be on good terms with the Indians. In 1884, the police force was taken under control by the Department of Indian Affairs- hence marking a major shift in the relationship between the police and the northwest aboriginals. In August 1883, an island in Indonesia called Krakatoa exploded at such a magnitude that shifts in weather patterns were felt globally. As summer turned to fall, unexpected frost destroyed crops across the prairies. Hunger broke out and illness moved in as populations were weakened from growing famine. The loss of crops not only meant hunger and illness, but a season’s worth of agricultural economy was also lost. After the

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title: Lawrence Vankoughnet

texts: time of the frost, prime minister Macdonald wrote to Dewdney asking for reports on reserve settlement progress.The DIA file was subject to a Parliament session the coming winter and Macdonald was worried about the effects a bad report may bring. Dewdney recognized his Conservative leader's concern and managed to keep the report in a positive light, describing the progress of Indians as "satisfactory" and mentioning that the government had been able to lessen the number of flour rations given out. Despite Dewdney’s service to the prime minister, he recognized the reserve situation and the impractical path <mask> was leading. He wrote a letter to Macdonald voicing his concerns. Without consulting with Dewdney beforehand, <mask> ordered additional cuts, explaining to Dewdney that the "country" expected expenditure cuts and failing to do so would result in consequences within the department. Around 1883, the government began depending on bacon as the bulk of reserve rations. Due to lack of proper preservation and storage, the bacon was difficult to digest and often arrived on reserves spoiled.The spoiled bacon was fatal when ingested and the Assiniboine bands of Indian Head experienced a great tragedy in 1883 when nearly 130 people died from the rancid rations. Cree leaders Lucky Man, Big Bear and Little Pine, accompanied by thousands of followers, left their reserves to take up land around Fort Walsh in Cypress Hills, despite knowing they would receive no government help due to their unsanctioned departure. Upon the closure of Fort Walsh shortly after the Cree leaders arrived, it was planned that a Treaty 4 chief council would be held to discuss reserve conditions. The DIA refused to supply the council with rations and the Cree leaders cancelled the gathering. To add to the heightening concern, Dewdney received a 2-month leave in February 1884- giving Vankoughnet full control of the department. Furthering restraints on department expenditures saw a rise in tensions throughout the west. Several

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title: Lawrence Vankoughnet

texts:
 small-scale confrontations occurred, with the most significant taking place on the Sakimay (Yellow Calf) reserve in the Qu’Appelle Valley.<mask>’s orders to cut reckless spending employees saw the end of farming instructor James Setter’s career. When Setter was replaced with an inexperienced man by the name of Hilton Keith, an armed stand-off took place, which is known as the Yellow Calf Incident. 5 weeks after Setter’s replacement, Chief Sakimay and several armed men raided the ration storehouse in which Keith was guarding and stole sixty bags of flour and twelve containers of bacon. Lead by hunger and frustration, Assistant Commissioner Reed reasoned that the rations were on the reserve for the Indians to eat, regardless of when they ate it. Back in Ottawa, <mask> heard of the trouble and warned police of potential storehouse raids. In April 1884, Dewdney returned to more frustrations than he left with due to Vanoughnet’s new orders. By the time the summer came around, treaty populations were experiencing bad climate, lack of small game and department dismissals.After meeting with Cree leaders, Dewdney aimed to repair Vankoughnet’s damage by raising ration expenditures by $17,000 despite warning of Parliament criticism. Big Bear and the Metis Rebellion of 1885

The Metis rebellion was the product of years of frustration. Historians describe it as a clash of cultures and an expression of metis nationalism. The loss of the buffalo and agricultural failures meant a struggle for food, health, and economic survival. Big Bear was a big influence on the plains people. He encouraged united peace and defiance by leaving reserve lands and travelling as a group. Off reserve land, they received no rations from the government.In 1884, he organized a thirst dance at Battleford. A thirst dance was a traditional spiritual festival which involved a gathering of many Indian bands together. The government became aware of the Indian mobilization and Hayter Reed, along with the DIA and police force were


title: Lawrence Vankoughnet

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 present- nearly avoiding bloody confrontation. Shortly after the Thirst Dance at Battleford, Big Bear’s son and Indian chief Wandering Spirit got caught up in a fight with incomers and blood was shed against Big Bear’s wishes. The men were arrested, along with Big Bear, despite his plea for peaceful protest. Since Big Bear was not directly involved with the killings, he was tried for treason and remained in prison for nearly a year. His head was shaved, he was taught carpentry and was baptized.Big Bear was released due to poor health and died a year later. The spring of 1885 saw a series of what many historians describe as "isolated and sporadic events". Cree violence was aimed at agents who acted beyond their granted authority. Metis populations also began their insurrection in the east. Dominion authorities began their hunt for the Cree leaders responsible for the killings in the summer of 1885. They were found by troopers, starving, and were sentenced to death in Battleford. Dewdney and Reed insisted that the hangings were public and hence the end of the Cree resistance was marked.What started as a peaceful protest ended in a two-week military campaign and a loss of negotiable treaties. Louis Riel and his metis followers tried unsuccessfully to rouse Indigenous peoples and angry settlers together against the government and form their own provisional government, with Riel as the leader. Commencing on March 19, the battle of Batoche was brief. The Metis were outnumbered and under armed. The result saw the execution of Louis Riel- who was tried for treason- and stricter regulations and policy in place to control the metis and Indigenous peoples in the years to follow. Further reading
 Douglas Leighton: A Victorian Civil Servant at Work: <mask> and the Canadian Indian Department 1874-1893 in Ian A. L. Getty, Antoine S. Lussier: As Long as the Sun Shines and Water Flows. A Reader in Canadian Native Studies.Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press 1983, pp. 104–119

References

Canadian


title: Malati Choudhury

texts:
<mask> (née Sen) (26 July 1904– 15 March 1998) was an Indian civil rights and freedom activist and Gandhian. She was born in 1904 in an upper middle class Brahmo family. She was the daughter of Barrister Kumud Nath Sen, whom she had lost when she was only two and a half years old, and Snehalata Sen, who brought her up. Early life and education
<mask>’s family originally belonged to brahmin family of Kamarakhanda in Bikrampur, Dhaka, (now in Bangladesh), but her family members had settled in Simultala, Bihar. Her maternal grandfather was Behari Lal Gupta, ICS, who became the Dewan of Baroda. Her first cousins on her mother's side of the family were Ranajit Gupta, ICS, a former Chief Secretary of West Bengal, and  Indrajit Gupta, the famous parliamentarian and former Home Minister of India. Here eldest brother, P. K. Sen Gupta, a former Income Tax Commissioner, belonged to the Indian Revenue Service, and another brother, K. P. Sen, a former Postmaster General, was from the Indian Postal Service.Being the youngest child of her parents, she was a darling of all her brothers and sister. Her mother Snehalata was a writer in her own right, and had translated some works of Tagore, as is seen from her book Jugalanjali. <mask> Choudhury adopted to a completely different life style once she joined Rabindranath Tagore's Vishva-Bharati. In an article entitled ‘Reminiscences of Santiniketan’, her mother had written: "<mask> was very happy and benefited much from her residence at Viswa-Bharati as a student. The personal influence of Gurudev and his teachings, his patriotism and idealism, have influenced and

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title: Malati Choudhury

texts: guided <mask> throughout her life." She was fortunate enough to have been deeply influenced by both Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi. It was the former at whose feet she learnt and acquired some rare values and principles of education, development, art and culture, which had been the guiding principles in her life; and it was the latter who cast a magic spell on her and at whose instance she plunged herself into the freedom struggle.<mask> came to Santiniketan in 1921, when she was only sixteen years old, and lived there for a little more than six years. In those days Santiniketan was small and beautiful. There were nine girls of her age living in the hostel called Notun Bari (New House). They were Manjushree, Surekha (who later on became her sister-in-law), Eva, Satyabati, Latika, Saraju, Tapasi, Amita (mother of Professor Amartya Sen) and herself. They attended classes in the open under trees, learnt embroidery, handicrafts, music, dancing, painting and gardening. Leonard Knight Elmhirst, an Englishman, was in charge of the Agricultural Institute at Surul in Sriniketan, and he used to encourage them to learn gardening. Mr. Pearson, another Englishman, also taught them.It was he who inspired Malati to work for the tribals. Gurudev used to take classes on Balaka, when he read poems from his book ‘Balaka’, and explained the significance of the poems to them. Miss Stella Kramisch, who came to India on Gurudev’s invitation, taught them the principles of Indian Art and dancing. <mask> and her friends spent very happy days at Santiniketan. As a young student there, she was quite famous for her outgoing

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title: Malati Choudhury

texts:
 personality, taking active part in Gurudev’s dance dramas and music sessions, as well as being the source of innocent mischiefs in the community. At this time, a young man, Nabakrushna Choudhuri, from a well known family of Orissa, came to Santiniketan as a student. He came from Sabarmati Ashram at the instance of the Mahatma.He had as batchmates G. Ramachandran, B. Gopala Reddy, and Syed Mujtaba Ali. <mask> got engaged to and later married Nabakrushna Choudhuri, who later became the Chief Minister of Orissa and the two left Santiniketan in 1927. This proved to be a turning point in her life. Social work and politics

After her marriage, Orissa became her home and her area of activities. The Chaudhuris settled in a small village named Anakhia, now in Jagatsinghpur District of Orissa, where her husband started improved sugarcane cultivation. Apart from agriculture, establishing rapport with the surrounding villages was their main concern. In their concept and scheme of rural reconstruction, people are at the center of activities.Their development depended on their empowerment, which was again the result of education. They started adult education work in the neighbouring villages. Soon came the Salt Satyagraha, and they jumped into the movement. As activists they used principles of education and communication in creating a conducive environment for Satyagraha. Even as prisoners, they taught fellow prisoners, organized choral singing and disseminated Gandhiji’s teachings. In February 1933 the Chaudhuris organized the Utkal Congress Samajvadi Karmi Sangh, which later became the Orissa Provincial