title: Fiamma Nirenstein

texts:
 maintained her own personal website on which she publishes material in English and Italian. Today she is columnist for the Jewish News Syndicate.Later political career

In August 2015, Benjamin Netanyahu designated Nirenstein to become Israel's ambassador to Italy. The initial reaction by the Jewish community of Rome was uneven, in fact after some negative reactions that emerged among the Italian Jewish community after the nomination, numerous reactions and declarations in favor of Nirenstein arrived from both Italy and Israel. Subsequently, Nirenstein withdrew from the offer for what she stated were personal reasons. Some press sources said the decision was related to her having called Sara Netanyahu a 'babau' in 1996, but other news sources confirmed that the decision to withdraw was for personal reasons. Internationally

On June 29, 2011, <mask> was unanimously elected chairperson of the International Council of Jewish Parliamentarians (ICJP), an organization that brings together Jewish legislators, parliamentarians and government ministers from around the world. In the same year, she established a center on Foreign Policy, "SUMMIT - for the dialogue between Europe and Middle East, human rights and democracy", with which she organized tens of events and conferences. Nirenstein is a Selection Committee Member of the Genesis Prize, a fellow of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs and of the Gatestone Institute, as well as a member of the advisory board of Ngo-Monitor and a board member of the European Friends of Israel (EFI).She is also one of the six founding members of the steering committee of the Interparliamentary Coalition on Combating Antisemitism (ICCA), and in the Board of the Friends of Israel Initiative, established on 2010 by former Prime Minister of Spain José María Aznar. She is also a Board member of the "Talmud Project", a major initiative, sponsored by the Italian government, to translate the Babylonian Talmud into Italian. <mask> has been

masks: Nirenstein Nirenstein


title: Fiamma Nirenstein

type: original

texts:
 dedicating a great effort in voicing for Muslim dissidents. In December 2007 she promoted and organized in Rome the international conference "Fighting for Democracy in the Islamic World", which was the continuation of the great Prague conference on dissidents, promoted by Natan Sharansky, Václav Havel and José María Aznar in June the same year. Fight against Antisemitism and anti-Zionism

<mask> <mask> has discussed antisemitism, anti-Zionism and the left. She has been official speaker in a variety of conferences on antisemitism, among them, the world forum of OCSE in Berlin about antisemitism, the Boston Conference on "antisemitism, the press and Europe" (2004), "Multiculturalism, the left and antisemitism" during the 2006 international symposium of the Vidal Sassoon Center (SICSA) at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In the 2014 SICSA international symposium, she raised the issue of fighting what she deemed to be "Israelophobia" as a means of beating contemporary antisemitism.Political awards
 On 16 December 2009 <mask>, together with the other members of the ICCA steering committee, was awarded by the Israeli Knesset for her commitment in the fight against Antisemitism. In April 2011, she was awarded in New York by CAMERA, together with José Maria Aznar and John Bolton, for her activity as "Friend of Israel". In June 2011, Nirenstein was included in the Jerusalem Post list of the 50 most influential Jews in the world, headed by Mark Zuckerberg. In an interview with Haaretz, Nirenstein stated that her country of origin, Italy, had much to learn about democracy from Israel. She also made the following assertions:-
"Every Jew in the world is an Israeli even if he's not aware of it. Anyone who doesn't know it is making a big mistake." "...morally speaking, there mustn't be negotiations with Hamas, which thinks that Jews are the sons of monkeys and pigs.You can't negotiate with cannibals, who eat human beings." "I'm not saying that all Muslims are terrorists, or

masks: Fiamma Nirenstein Nirenstein


title: Fiamma Nirenstein

texts:
 that all Muslims are criminals. But Hamas has announced that it wants to conquer Rome, to make it the outpost from which it will conquer all of Europe.". Bibliography
In Israele (2018), Il Giornale. Le 12 bugie su Israele, (2016) Il Giornale. Il Califfo e l'Ayatollah, (2015) Mondadori. A Gerusalemme (2012)Rizzoli.The history of Jerusalem through the eyes of twenty years of journalistic work
Israele Siamo Noi (2007) Rizzoli. On the State of Israel as archetype for a liberal democracy at war with terror. - Translated into English: Israel is us - a personal odyssey to a journalist's understanding of the Middle East, JCPA ed., 2009
La Sabbia di Gaza (2006) Rubbettino editore. On the Israeli disengagement from Gaza. Terror: The New Anti-Semitism and the War Against the West (2005) Smith and Kraus, Hannover, Usa. An English-language selection of various articles. Gli Antisemiti Progressisti (2004), Rizzoli.A look at the new anti-Semitism. Islam, la guerra e la speranza (2003)  An interview with Bernard Lewis, Rizzoli. L'Abbandono, come l'Occidente ha tradito gli ebrei (2002) Rizzoli. A book that argues the West has betrayed the Jewish people. Un solo Dio, tre verità (2001) Mondadori . (One god, three truths) written with Giorgio Montefoschi. Come le cinque dita di una mano – una famiglia di ebrei da Firenze a Gerusalemme (1998), Rizzoli.Written with her family. Israele: una pace in guerra (1996), Il Mulino. (Israel, at peace in war)
Il Razzista Democratico (1990), Modadori. (The Democratic racist)

Notes

References

External links
Official website
Articles written on il Giornale
Most recent articles by <mask> Nirenstein from New York Sun

1945 births
Living people
20th-century Italian Jews
Italian magazine editors
Italian women editors
Politicians from Florence
Italian emigrants to Israel
Journalists from Florence
Italian women journalists
21st-century Italian Jews
Jewish women writers
Jewish journalists
Jewish women politicians
Zionists
20th-century Italian


title: Jenny Thompson

texts: <mask> (born February 26, 1973) is an American former competition swimmer and anesthesiologist. She is one of the most decorated Olympians in history: twelve medals, including eight gold medals, in the 1992, 1996, 2000, and 2004 Summer Olympics. <mask>, a Massachusetts native who calls Dover, New Hampshire her hometown, began swimming at age 7 at a summer country club called Cedardale in Groveland, Massachusetts. During the indoor season, she swam at the Danvers YMCA from ages 8 to 10, and then at the Andover-North Andover YMCA from the ages of 10 to 12. At age 12 she began swimming for Seacoast Swimming Association under coaches Amy and Mike Parratto, and moved to Dover at age 13. She first appeared on the international scene as a 14-year-old in 1987, when she won the 50-meter freestyle and placed third in the 100-meter freestyle at the Pan American Games. She won her first world championship in 1991, as part of the USA's winning 4×100-meter freestyle relay team, and held the world record in the 50-meter and 100-meter freestyle when she participated in the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona.<mask> attended Stanford University, and swam for the Stanford Cardinal swimming and diving team in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and Pacific-10 Conference competition. She was the recipient of the 1994–95 Honda Sports Award for Swimming and Diving, recognizing her as the outstanding college female swimmer of the year. In 2006, <mask> received a medical degree from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, completed a residency in anesthesiology at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, and then a fellowship in

masks:
Jennifer Beth Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson


title: Jenny Thompson

texts:
 pediatric anesthesiology at Children's Hospital of Boston. World competitions and records

1992 Olympics
Thought to be at the height of her competitive career at the time, <mask> was expected to win up to five gold medals at those Olympics. However, she failed to qualify for the final in the 200-meter freestyle, finished a disappointing fifth in the 50-meter, and finished second in the 100-meter, where she was beaten by Zhuang Yong of China. <mask> won two gold medals as part of the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100-meter medley teams. Considerable controversy was raised after the 100-meter freestyle when the U.S. team speculated on the loose doping policy standards in Barcelona—at that time the event winner did not have a mandatory doping test—only the second and fourth-place finishers were tested, based on a random draw.<mask> and her teammates believed that the Olympic champion should be tested and that rule was changed a few months later when nine members of the Chinese swimming team tested positive for steroid use. University years
<mask> continued her career as a member of the U.S. national team and a member of the Stanford University swimming team, and continued to rank among the world's best swimmers for the next four years. During <mask>'s four years at Stanford, she was a member of four NCAA championship teams, considered to be some of the most dominant collegiate teams in NCAA history. During that time, <mask> amassed nineteen individual and relay NCAA titles. She competed as a member of the USA Finswimming Team at the 8th World Championship held in Hungary during August 1996. <mask> had a poor performance at the 1996 Olympic Trials which kept

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


title: Jenny Thompson

texts:
 her from qualifying in her individual events. 1996 Olympics
<mask> won Gold medals on three relay teams at the Olympics; the 4×100-meter freestyle, 4×100-meter medley, and 4×200-meter freestyle.Between 1997 and 1999, <mask> won eight more world championship titles, including three in a row in the 100-meter freestyle. 2000 Olympics
At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia she won a bronze in the 100-meter freestyle and was fifth in the 100-meter butterfly. But in the relay events, she swam the anchor leg in helping the USA defend its titles in the 4×100-meter freestyle and the 4×200-meter freestyle relays. She also swam the butterfly leg in the winning 4×100-meter relays. The 4×100-meter freestyle and medley teams set new world records in the process. 2000 through 2004
At the World Championships that year, she broke the world record in the 100-meter butterfly for the fourth time, winning a qualifying heat in a time of 56.56 en route to a gold medal in the event. <mask> seemingly retired from competition after the 2000 season with 10 Olympic medals, eight gold, one silver and one bronze, and 12 gold medals at World Championships.In 2001, <mask> moved to New York City to begin studying at the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. However, while attending medical school, she made a return to competition at the 2002 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Yokohama, Japan. <mask> won five medals in two days, setting a career-best time in winning the 50-meter freestyle. At the 2003 World Championships, she would win five medals, including two gold medals. 2004 Olympics
At age 31, <mask> was the oldest member of the 2004 U.S. Swimming

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


title: Jenny Thompson

texts:
 and Diving team, competing in her fourth Olympics in Athens, Greece. She was the anchor member of the 400-meter freestyle relay, where she contributed to a national record of 3:36.39 and a silver medal.She earned another silver medal as a member of the 4×100-meter medley relay. During her Olympic career, <mask> won twelve medals, eight of which were relay gold; the most for any female Olympic swimmer in history. Recent life and work
In 2006, <mask> received a medical degree from the Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons. She did her internship at the New York City Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and residency anesthesiologist at the Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston. In June 2010 she was assaulted when two men attempted to steal her scooter, however she was able to fight off both of her attackers. <mask> married Daniel Richard Cumpelik on September 5, 2010. She currently works as an anesthesiologist for the Spectrum medical group at Maine Medical Center in Portland, Maine.<mask> has volunteered as a celebrity swimmer for Swim Across America, a charitable organization that raises money for cancer research, since 1995. Accolades and other recognition
She was the 1993 and 1998 USA Swimming Swimmer of the Year, and ranked as the 62nd greatest female athlete of all time in a 1999 poll conducted by Sports Illustrated. She was named by Swimming World Magazine as the Female World Swimmer of the Year in 1998, and as Female American Swimmer of the Year in 1993, 1998 and 1999. She was the Women's Sports Foundation's Athlete of the Year in 2000. Her adopted hometown of Dover, New Hampshire has a public swimming pool named in her

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


title: Lionel Wilson (voice actor)

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; March 22, 1924 – April 30, 2003) was an American voice actor, reader of audiobooks, stage actor, and author of children's books. He was known for his roles from Tom Terrific through to his last role, voicing Eustace Bagge on the Cartoon Network's Courage the Cowardly Dog. Career

As stage actor
<mask>'s interest in acting on the stage began at an early age—his first professional stage performance was in 1936 at the age of twelve. A few years later, he was selected for the 1942 Barter Theatre Scholarship, which included summer in a kind of boot camp for aspiring thespians. Over the course of his career he played in at least 25 professional stage productions, including four on Broadway:
Dodsworth, as bellboy and as a lost boy. 1936. Macbeth, as a witch and as a messenger.1940. The Merry Widow, as Nish. 1942, 1955, and 1958. Janie, as Scooper Nolan (replacement), and Deadpan Hackett (replacement). Broadway, 1943–44. The Male Animal, as Wally Meyers. 1944.Good Morning Corporal, as Alvin Stacey. Broadway, 1944. Kiss and Tell, as Dexter Franklin (replacement). Broadway, 1945–46. My Sister Eileen, as Frank Lippincott. 1945–46. Tenting Tonight, as Elliott Smollens.1947. Joan of Lorraine, as one of Joan's brothers. 1947. John Loves Mary, as Fred Taylor. 1948. Waltz me Around Again, as Rick. 1948.The Intruder, as Tommy. 1952–53. High Button Shoes, as Mr. Pontdue. 1954. Fragile Fox, as Corporal Jackson. Broadway, 1954. Rio Rita, as Chick Bean.1955. Wonderful Town, as Valenti. 1955. Harvey, as Elwood P. Dowd. 1956. Girl Crazy, as Slick Fothergill. 1956.Once in a Lifetime, as Rudolph Kammerling. 1964. How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying, as Bud Frump. 1965–66 and 1968
The Fantasticks, as Henry Albertson. 1967–1969. Sweet Charity, as

masks:
Lionel Wilson
Lionel Lazarus Salzer
Lionel Wilson


title: Lionel Wilson (voice actor)

texts:
 Oscar Lindquist. 1968.Cactus Flower, as Harvey Greenfield. 1969. A Midsummer Night's Dream, as Francis Flute playing Thisbe. 1973. The Soldier's Tale, as the devil. 1984. As TV actor
Although his primary interest continued to be the stage, he also undertook supporting roles in several TV series.Since supporting roles are sometimes uncredited, the following list may be incomplete:

 Martin Kane, Private Eye, unidentified episode, 1949. NBC TV. The Silver Theatre, as a snooper in “Till Death Do Us Part”, 1949. CBS TV. Armstrong Circle Theatre, as a clerk in “The Jackpot”, season 1, episode 2, 13 June 1950. NBC TV. The Magic Cottage, as Father Time, 28 December 1950 and an unidentified 1954 episode.Unfortunately, most episodes have apparently been lost, along with the credits. DuMont TV. The Aldrich Family, as George Bigelow, occasional unidentified episodes, 1952–53. NBC TV. Broadway Television Theatre, as Kiwi in The Hasty Heart, season 3 episode 4, November 1953; as Scooper in Janie, season 3 episode 5, November 1953; as Leo Davis in Room Service, season 3 episode 14, January 1954. WOR-TV (New York City). Valiant Lady, unidentified episodes, 1953–1957.CBS TV. The Ed Sullivan Show, scene from Fragile Fox, November 7, 1954. CBS TV. Search for Tomorrow unidentified episodes. CBS TV. As voice actor
<mask> majored in Radio Production at New York University and an early venture in voiceover performance was in 1950, in the NBC radio show Top Secret. To provide an income more stable than that from stage acting he took on more voiceover work in the 1950s with television commercials.In 1957 Gene Deitch invited him to work at Terrytoons, voicing all the characters for the innovative cliffhanger cartoon series Tom Terrific, including Mighty Manfred the Wonder Dog


title: Lionel Wilson (voice actor)

texts:
 and memorable baddie Crabby Appleton. He continued to be involved in Terrytoon cartoons and cartoon series and he also took on projects with other studios. In 1999, at the age of 75, <mask> landed the role of Eustace Bagge, the main antagonist on the Cartoon Network animated series Courage the Cowardly Dog, and he reprised that role in the Cartoon Network's Staylongers series in the summer of 2000. In 2001, having completed 33 Courage episodes, <mask> retired because of illness and was replaced by Arthur Anderson. Here is a more comprehensive list of <mask>'s voiceover credits:

 Top Secret (NBC Radio, 1950), voicing Admiral Strassner voicing Karen Gaza in “The Admiral's Strange Identity”. Tom Terrific series (Terrytoons, 1957) voicing all characters. The series consisted of 26 storylines, each of which had five 5-minute episodes.John Doormat series  of four episodes (Terrytoons, 1957–58), voicing John Doormat and his wife. A Bum Steer (Terrytoons, 1957) voicing unidentified characters. Clint Clobber Theatrical Series (Terrytoons, 1957–59) voicing Miss O'Leery, radio announcer, and dog in the episodes Clint Clobber's Cat,  Springtime for Clobber, and The Flamboyant Arms. Gaston le Crayon (Terrytoons, 1959) voicing unidentified characters in "Gaston's Baby". Sidney the Elephant series of 19 episodes (Terrytoons, 1958–63), one of which, Sidney's Family Tree, was nominated for an Academy Award as best short subject in 1958. Deputy Dawg (Terrytoons, 1959–1972) as voice of Vincent Van Gopher and Possible Possum in unidentified episodes. Many Moons (Rembrandt Films, 1962), voicing Jester, Royal Mathematician, and Royal Wizard.This animated cartoon was later used as one segment of the 1965 film Alice of Wonderland in Paris. The Hector Heathcote Show

masks: Wilson Wilson Wilson


title: Lionel Wilson (voice actor)

texts: (Terrytoons, 1963), repeating 16 of the Sidney the Elephant series. The Possible Possum series of 37 shorts (Terrytoons, 1965–1971), voicing Possible Possum, Macon Mouse, Owlawishus Owl, Billy Bear and other minor characters. Martian Moochers animated series (Terrytoons, 1966), spun off from Possible Possum, voicing an unidentified character in the episode "Champion Chump". The Mighty Heroes animated series of 20 seven-minute episodes (Terrytoons 1966–67), Ralph Bakshi's spoof of super avengers, voicing Rope Man, Cuckoo Man, and James Hound. Ten of these made-for-TV episodes were later released to theaters, some in expanded form. The Astronut Show (Terrytoons, 1965–1970) voicing Astronut in two episodes, Martian Moocher in one episode, and Cuckoo Man and Rope Man in one episode.This program also included repeats of the Sidney the Elephant series. The Merry Makers (Paramount/Famous Pictures, 1967) voicing all characters in the four episodes. The World of Hans Christian Andersen (Hal Roach Studios, 1968), an English-language version of a Japanese anime, dubbing Hannibal Mouse, Mayor, and Watchdog. The Emperor's New Armor (Ariel Productions and Pyramid Films, 1969) voicing part of the narration. Winky Dink and You! (Screen Magic, Inc., 1969 revival) voicing all characters in the 52 episodes. Marco Polo Junior Versus the Red Dragon (Animation International, 1972), an Australian full-length cartoon, voicing unidentified characters.Enchanted Journey (Film Gallery, Inc., 1981), the English-language release of a Japanese anime, dubbing the voice of Glikko. Superbook (Anime Oyako Gekijō)) (Christian Broadcasting Network, 1981), voicing miscellaneous voices in unidentified episodes. Miracle at Intervale (Board of Jewish Education, 1981), voices by <mask> and six


title: Lionel Wilson (voice actor)

texts:
 others. The Season of Our Joy (Board of Jewish Education, 1982), script by <mask>, narration not credited. Braingames, ((HBO, 1983–1985) narrating Odd Card Out / Safari Solitaire and Mysteriosos / The Riddler in the six episodes. Star Blazers (Claster Television, 1984), the English adaptation of the Japanese anime series Space Battleship Yamato, dubbing the voice of Jason Jetter in episodes 53-77. The Secret of Mulan (United American Video, 1998) feature cartoon, voicing unidentified characters.Courage the Cowardly Dog (Cartoon Network, 1999–2001), voicing Eustace Bagge  in 33 episodes, each comprising two segments. Staylongers series (Cartoon Network, summer 2000), voicing Eustace Bagge. A Filmography in International Movie Database (at ) as of 26 October 2018 lists a few additional voiceover credits but does not indicate the source of the information. As audiobook narrator
In between his other activities, he narrated or helped narrate over 100 children's audiobooks. As author
<mask> wrote a dozen books for children, the scripts for several of his audiobooks such as the Clifford series, and authored or co-authored the plays Pocket Full O'Rye (with Stanley Schacter), Simon Says (with Fred Ebb),  Oh Where Have You Been, Billy Boy (with Lawrence N. Kasha), Come And Be Killed, and The Mischief on Merry Mountain. Death
<mask> died of pneumonia on April 30, 2003, at the age of 79. Citations

General references

 (<mask>'s autobiography, completed in 1999 and published posthumously)

External links

<mask> at Behind the Voice Actors
<mask> at Voice Chasers

1924 births
2003 deaths
American male voice actors
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from New York City
Writers from New York City
Audiobook narrators
Deaths from pneumonia in New York

masks:
Lionel Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Lionel Wilson
Lionel Wilson


title: Emperor Murakami

texts:
was the 62nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. <mask>'s reign spanned the years from 946 to his death in 967. Biography
Before he ascended to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (imina) was Nariakira-shinnō (成明親王). Nariakira-shinnō was the 14th son of Emperor Daigo, and the younger brother of Emperor Suzaku by another mother. <mask> had ten Empresses and Imperial consorts and 19 Imperial sons and daughters. Events of  <mask>'s reign
In 944, he was appointed crown prince and ascended the throne two years later. 16 May 946 (Tengyō 9, 13th day of the 4th month):  In the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Suzaku (朱雀天皇十六年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (the senso) was received by his younger brother, Nariakira-shinnō.31 May 946 (Tengyō 9, 28th day of the 4th month): Shortly thereafter, Emperor <mask>, who was 21 years old, acceded to the throne (the sokui). <mask>'s maternal uncle Fujiwara no Tadahira remained as the Sessho regent until 949. After the death of Tadahira, there was no regent and although contemporaries praised Murakami as the emperor who governed the state directly, in reality the Fujiwara clan seized power and ruled Japan. The brothers Fujiwara no Saneyori and Fujiwara no Morosuke became the de facto rulers of Japan. 23 October 949 (Tenryaku 3, 29th day of the 9th month):  The

masks: Murakami Murakami Murakami Murakami Murakami


title: Emperor Murakami

texts:
 former-Emperor Yōzei died at the age of 82. 951 (Tenryaku 5): The emperor ordered the compilation of Gosen Wakashū; this work was undertaken by the Five Men of the Pear Chamber under his patronage. 6 September 952 (Tenryaku 6, 15th day of the 8th month):  The  former-Emperor Suzaku died at the age of 30.16 October 960 (Tentoku 4, 23rd day of the 9th month): The Imperial palace burned down, the first time it had been  ravaged by fire since the capital was removed from Nara to Heian-kyō in 794. <mask> was a central figure in Heian period culture. He was also a skilled flute and koto (Japanese harp) player. 5 July 967 (Kōhō 4, 25th day of the 5th month):  The  former-Emperor <mask> died at the age of 42. The actual site of Murakami's grave is known. This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Kyoto. The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as <mask>'s mausoleum.It is formally named Murakami no misasagi

Kugyō
 is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During <mask>'s reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
 Kampaku, Fujiwara no

masks: Murakami Murakami Murakami Murakami


title: Emperor Murakami

texts:
 Tadahira (藤原忠平), 880–949. Daijō-daijin, Fujiwara no Tadahira (藤原忠平). Sadaijin, Ono-no Miya Fujiwara no Saneyori (藤原実頼), 900–970. Udaijin, Fujiwara no Saneyori (藤原実頼).Udaijin, Fujiwara no Morosuke (藤原師輔), 908–960. Udaijin, Fujiwara no Akitada　(藤原顕忠). Udaijin, Minamoto no Taka-akira　(源高明). Nadaijin
 Dainagon

Eras of <mask>'s reign
The years of murakami's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō. (1979). [ Jien, c. 1220], Gukanshō (The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219). Berkeley: University of California Press.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
 Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou,  Annales des empereurs du Japon.Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359], Jinnō Shōtōki ("A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa" translated by H. Paul Varley). New York: Columbia University Press. See also
 Emperor of Japan
 List of Emperors of Japan
 Imperial cult
 Emperor Go-Murakami

Japanese emperors
926 births
967 deaths
Koto players
Japanese flautists
People of Heian-period Japan
10th-century


title: Alicja Rosolska

texts:
<mask> (; born 1 December 1985) is a Polish professional tennis player. On 9 June 2003, she reached her best singles ranking of world No. 636. On 10 June 2019, she peaked at No. 23 in the doubles rankings. <mask> has won nine doubles titles on the WTA Tour in her career (in Cachantún with Līga Dekmeijere, in Marbella with Klaudia Jans-Ignacik, in Budapest with Anabel Medina Garrigues, in Monterrey with Gabriela Dabrowski, in Bastad with Andreea Mitu, in St. Petersburg with Jeļena Ostapenko, again in Monterrey with Nao Hibino, in Nottingham with Abigail Spears and in Charleston with Anna-Lena Grönefeld), as well as 14 doubles titles on the Circuit. She represented Poland at Fed Cup and both 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics, in the women's doubles again with Jans-Ignacik.Personal life
Her sister, Aleksandra <mask>, is also a tennis player. Professional career

2004–07: First WTA doubles final, Grand Slam debut
In August 2004, she played her first WTA final in doubles event at the Orange Warsaw Open in Sopot. Alongside Klaudia Jans-Ignacik, she lost to Nuria Llagostera Vives and Marta Marrero. During the season of 2005, she played two WTA finals but failed to win the trophy in both of them. First, she played final of the Tier II Warsaw Open in April 2005. She then, in July, played at the Palermo Open. She lost both finals alongside Jans.At the 2005 Zurich Open, she made her Tier I debut but lost in the first round. At the 2007 Australian Open, she made her Grand Slam debut. Partnering with Vasilisa Bardina, she lost in the second round. Later, she reached second round

masks:
Alicja Rosolska
Rosolska
Rosolska


title: Alicja Rosolska

texts:
 of the French Open and US Open as well. 2008–09: First WTA doubles title, Olympics debut
In February 2008, she won her first WTA doubles title at the Cachantún Cup. It was her first final that she not played alongside Jans. Alongside Līga Dekmeijere, she defeated Mariya Koryttseva and Julia Schruff in the straight-sets.In August, she made her debut at the Summer Olympics in Beijing. She played only in doubles event, where alongside Jans, she lost in the first round to Lindsay Davenport and Liezel Huber. At the 2008 US Open, she reached Grand Slam third round for the first time. Start of the season of 2009 was promising due to final in the first week at the Brisbane International. She returned to play alongside Jans but she lost to Anna-Lena Grönefeld and Vania King. In April, she won title at the Andalucia Tennis Experience as her first title with Jans. In October, she reached another WTA final at the Linz Open but finished as a runner-up.2010–11: Three Premier 5/Mandatory quarterfinals, second WTA doubles title
In the first four months of 2010, <mask> advanced to three semifinal. Right after that she reached her first Premier 5/Mandatory quarterfinal at the Italian Open. By the end of the year, she reached four more semifinals. <mask> was successful during the first two weeks in 2011. She started season with the final of the Brisbane International (her second there), followed up then with semifinal of the Sydney International. In March, she reached her second career Premier 5/Mandatory quarterfinal, this time at the Indian Wells Open. Prior to French Open, she

masks: Rosolska Rosolska


title: Alicja Rosolska

texts:
 played final of the Brussels Open alongside Jans but lost after three set match against Andrea Hlaváčková and Galina Voskoboeva.Right after Wimbledon, she won title at the Budapest Grand Prix, partnering with Anabel Medina Garrigues. Later, at the Canadian Open, she played another Premier 5/Mandatory quarterfinal. 2012–14: New Premier 5/Mandatory QF, completing Grand Slam 3R

At the 2012 Australian Open, she played her first third round there. That was her second one at the Grand Slams. Two weeks later, she reached semifinal of the Premier Open GdF Suez but then withdraw alongside Monica Niculescu. Week before French Open, she advanced to final of the Premier Brussels Open. For the second time in-a-row she failed to lift the trophy.In August, she played at the London Olympics. Partnering with Jans, she lost to Maria Kirilenko and Nadia Petrova. At the Tournoi de Quebec carpet tournament, she played final but lost after three sets. At the China Open, she reached another Premier 5/Mandatory quarterfinal. First half ot the 2013 was marks with a lost of losing in the either first or second rounds. In late May, she reached semifinal of the Premier Brussels Open, for the third year in-a-row. At the French Open, she reached third round as her first one there and third Grand Slam in total.At the Canadian Open, she advanced to the another Premier 5/Mandatory quarterfinal. She finished year with the Linz Open final and semifinal of the Premier Kremlin Cup. Despite the weak performances in 2014, <mask> reached the third round of the US Open, completing third round of all


title: Alicja Rosolska

texts:
 Premier Connecticut Open and quarterfinal of the Premier Mandatory China Open. At the WTA Elite Trophy, she played alongside Mihaela Buzărnescu and won first match in the round-robin stage but then lost to the following one. In January 2019, she advanced to the final of the Premier Sydney International. In April, she won the title of the green clay Premier Charleston Open. On her way to the trophy, alongside Grönefeld, she won all matches in the straight-sets. At the WTA Elite Trophy, she lost both matches in the round-robin stage alongside Darija Jurak. 2020–22: Weeker performances
At the 2020 Summer Olympics, postponed to 2021 due to COVID-19, <mask> lost in the first round alongside Magda Linette to Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Jessica Pegula.In January 2022, she reached the semifinals of the Adelaide International 2. Performance timeline

Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win–loss records. Doubles
Current after the 2022 Qatar Total Open. Grand Slam finals

Mixed doubles: 1 runner-up

WTA career finals

Doubles: 22 (9 titles, 13 runner-ups)

ITF finals

Doubles: 25 (14 titles, 11 runner–ups)

Notes

References

External links

1985 births
Living people
Tennis players from Warsaw
Polish female tennis players
Tennis players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Olympic tennis players of Poland
Universiade medalists in tennis
Universiade silver medalists for Poland
Medalists at the 2009 Summer Universiade
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer


title: Bob Greene

texts:
<mask>. (born March 10, 1947) is an American journalist and author. He worked for 24 years for the Chicago Tribune newspaper, where he was a columnist. <mask> has written books on subjects including Michael Jordan, Alice Cooper, and U.S. presidents. His book Hang Time: Days and Dreams with Michael Jordan became a bestseller. Early life
Originally from Bexley, Ohio (a suburb of Columbus), <mask> attended Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and became a reporter and feature writer for the Chicago Sun-Times upon graduating in 1969, receiving a regular column in the paper within two years. <mask> first drew significant national attention with his book Billion Dollar Baby (1974), a diary of his experiences while touring with rock musician Alice Cooper and portraying Santa Claus during the show. Newspaper column
<mask>'s primary focus remained his newspaper column, for which he won the National Headliner Award for best column in 1977 from an American journalism group.Shortly afterward, <mask> was hired by Chicago Tribune and began making occasional guest appearances on local television, eventually landing a commentary slot on the ABC news program Nightline. He also wrote the "American Beat" column in Esquire. In January 1980, <mask> assisted Los Angeles Police in apprehending a man who had allegedly written letters to <mask> as well as to police threatening to go on a killing spree. At that time <mask>'s column appeared in approximately 120 newspapers, including one in the Los Angeles community of Huntington Park where the letter writer lived. In the first week of January, <mask> traveled to Los Angeles at the request of police. Through the use of his column, <mask> gave out a phone number to his hotel room that the letter writer, who identified himself in letters as

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title: Bob Greene

texts: "Moulded to Murder", was to use to contact <mask>. Police were able to trace the call and arrest the man at a payphone.<mask> chronicled these events in his daily column as they occurred. In 1989, he asked Vietnam veterans if they had really been spat upon when they returned from overseas. The response was so overwhelming, he published a book—Homecoming: When the Soldiers Returned From Vietnam— full of the letters he received. During the 1990s, <mask> spent time covering Michael Jordan of the Chicago Bulls basketball team, forming an unlikely friendship that <mask> documented in two best-selling books. The movie Funny About Love (1990) was based on a <mask> column. In 1993, his novel All Summer Long was published by Doubleday, and his columns are collected in several books. Though <mask> was popular with readers, critics accused him of excessive sentimentality, heavy writing and repetitive coverage of the same subject, most notably the Baby Richard child custody saga.A therapist for the birth parents in the custody case, Karen Moriarty, claimed in the book Baby Richard: A Four-Year-Old Child Comes Home that <mask> never spoke to the parents, although he covered the subject with 100 columns in which he strongly took the side of the adoptive parents. <mask> claimed that the biological parents, the Kirchners, did not respond to his requests for interviews. The Chicago Reader ran a derisive column, "BobWatch: We Read Him So You Don't Have To," penned pseudonymously by Chicago Sun-Times columnist Neil Steinberg. <mask>'s experiences as a roadie for Alice Cooper were parodied by comics writer Steve Gerber in the background of the villain Dr. Bong (real name: Lester Verde) in the 1970s Marvel comic Howard the Duck. Critical coverage of <mask>, which offered extensive coverage of his

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title: Bob Greene

texts:
 predilection for rewriting pop-culture press releases, was also featured in Spy magazine in a December 1988 article by Magda Krance, "You Wouldn't Want to Be <mask>". Krance characterized his output as "the journalistic equivalent of Tuna Helper." Dismissal from the Tribune
In September 2002 <mask> was forced to resign from his newspaper column after admitting to an unconsummated extramarital sexual relationship 14 years earlier with a high school student.The student had visited <mask> at work for a school project and became the subject of one of his columns. Admission of the affair attracted considerable attention. Reports at the time stated that the woman had reached out to <mask> and that he was alarmed enough by whatever she said to contact the FBI, which looked into the matter at a pre-investigative level and did not take any action afterwards. When the news broke, <mask> had meetings with his bosses at the Tribune (he said later he was ordered not to bring a lawyer to one of them, with the Tribune stating they never said that) and offered to resign. He was surprised when the Tribune told him his resignation was accepted, and the paper publicly stated that he had been dismissed for "abusing his position for his own benefit" but did not provide details at that point. The full story, that he was basically told to leave and did so on non-criminal grounds, did not emerge fully until months later. The woman with whom <mask> had a relationship was 17, legal age in Illinois, and had graduated from high school in the months between their first meeting and his invitation to take her out to dinner.Their sole hotel tryst was described in the Chicago Tribune as a "sexual encounter that stopped short of intercourse," and <mask> told Esquire that he demurred at going further, telling

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title: Bob Greene

texts:
 her, "You should wait to do this with someone you love". Four months after <mask>'s resignation from the Chicago Tribune, his wife Susan died of heart failure following a month-long respiratory illness. Current books
<mask> did not return to newspaper or magazine journalism. He continues to write books and is a contributing writer to CNN.com. His 2006 book, And You Know You Should Be Glad: A True Story of Lifelong Friendship, is a personal account of the illness and death of his lifelong friend Jack Roth at age 57. Publishers Weekly reviewed it as follows:

Bestselling author <mask>... looks back on his youth in Bexley, Ohio (pop. 13,000), where he and his four pals grew up together, calling themselves ABCDJ (for Allen, <mask>, Chuck, Dan and Jack)... <mask> met Jack in kindergarten, and they remained best friends for life.Remembering people and places they shared, the two revisit old haunts, discovering that their beloved Toddle House, where they once went for late-night chocolate pie, is now a Pizza Plus. <mask>'s repetitive, rambling free associations recall everything from his Halloween costume and old songs to ice cream parlors, state fairs and clothing fads. Unfortunately, the author's dusty attic of lost Americana is cluttered with clichés, nostalgia and overly sentimental yearnings. His next book, When We Get to Surf City: A Journey through America in Pursuit of Rock and Roll, Friendship, and Dreams, was released on May 13, 2008. It is a chronicle of a 15-year period when he intermittently toured with surf-rock musicians Jan and Dean, singing backup and playing guitar. His latest book, Late Edition: A Love Story was released on July 7, 2009. In it, he wistfully chronicles  his days as a copyboy and other apprentice positions at the Columbus Citizen-Journal and the

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title: Bob Greene

texts:
 Columbus Dispatch.Awards and honors

In 1977, <mask> won the National Headliner Award for writing the previous year's best column. In 1995, <mask> was named Illinois Journalist of the Year. In the same year he was awarded the Peter Lisagor Award for Public Service Journalism for his reporting on courts failing children in need. Personal life

<mask> has two children with Susan Koebel <mask>. Bibliography
Late Edition: A Love Story (St. Martin's Press, 2009)
When We Get to Surf City: A Journey Through America in Pursuit of Rock and Roll, Friendship, and Dreams (St. Martin's Press, 2008)
And You Know You Should Be Glad: A True Story of Lifelong Friendship (William Morrow, 2006)
Fraternity: A Journey in Search of Five Presidents (Crown, 2004) (interviews with ex-presidents)
Once Upon a Town: The Miracle of the North Platte Canteen (William Morrow, 2002)
Duty: A Father, His Son, And The Man Who Won The War (William Morrow, 2000) (half about his relationship with his father, half on Paul W. Tibbets)
Notes on the Kitchen Table: Families Offer Messages of Hope for Generations to Come (Doubleday, 1998) (co-authored with his sister, D.G. Fulford)
The 50-Year Dash: The Feelings, Foibles, and Fears of Being Half-a-Century Old (Doubleday, 1997)
Chevrolet Summers, Dairy Queen Nights (Viking, 1997) (collection of columns)
Rebound: The Odyssey of Michael Jordan (Viking, 1995)
To Our Children's Children: Preserving Family Histories for Generations to Come (Doubleday, 1993) (co-authored with his sister, D.G. ", CNN Reliable Sources, September 21, 2002

1947 births
Living people
American columnists
Bexley High School alumni
People from Bexley, Ohio
Chicago Tribune people
Northwestern University alumni
Writers from Chicago
Chicago Sun-Times people
Journalists from Ohio
People from

masks: Greene Greene Greene Greene


title: Etienne L. de Mestre

texts:
<mask> (9 April 1832 – 22 October 1916), was a 19th-century Australian breeder and jockey of Thoroughbred racehorses, De Mestre, was Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer and racing identity. In his 30-year career he experienced all the highs and the lows of the turf in a career which ended with him dependent on donations from racing friends. With the five wins <mask>re achieved in the Cup's first 18 years, he held the record for training the most Melbourne Cup winners for nearly 100 years. De Mestre won the first two Melbourne Cups with Archer in 1861 and 1862, and later trained a further three winners: Tim Whiffler (1867); Chester (1877); and Calamia (1878). He set a training record for Melbourne Cup winners which was finally broken by Bart Cummings in 1977. De Mestre also trained many other feature race winners including two AJC and two VRC Derbies and an Epsom Handicap. In recognition of his outstanding achievements, <mask> was inducted into the Australian Racing Hall of Fame part of the Australian Racing Museum on 12 September 1992.In the racing industry one could best describe <mask> <mask> as the "Bart Cummings" (the greatest of all Australian Racehorse trainers) of the 19th century. Early life
<mask> was born in George Street, Sydney on 9 April 1832 in his parents' home, on the same block of land backing onto the Tank Stream that his mother had been born 30 years earlier. He was the third and youngest son of the Frenchman Prosper <mask>, a Sydney merchant, and Sydney-born Mary Ann Black and grandson of privateer John Black. His career was a series of triumphs with a long succession of champion horses passing through his hands. Many of these he bred himself, and many others such as Archer, Tim Whiffler, Chester, Yattendon, Plant and "Veno" he trained, and even sometimes rode. De Mestre's association with George Taylor Rowe (1822–1859) of Liverpool, England, the owner of the celebrated Veno, and the father of the little girl who was to grow up and one day to be his wife; and with his good

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Etienne Livingston de Mestre
de Mest
Etienne de Mestre
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de Mestre
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de Mestre


title: Etienne L. de Mestre

texts:
 school-friend Thomas John "Tom" Roberts (1831–1899) of Jembaicumbene near Braidwood, one of the owners of many champion horses including Mariner, Sailor, Archer, and Tim Whiffler, was at the forefront of a wonderful career of thirty years. He occupied a leading place among the racing celebrities of Australia and was the first national sportsman to represent the Shoalhaven district where he lived.As a school boy <mask> loved thoroughbred horse racing, and developed into an excellent horseman, amateur jockey, and trainer. De Mestre spent his school holidays racing and working with the thoroughbred horses on his school-friend Thomas John "Tom" Roberts' "Exeter Farm" at Jembaicumbene. It has been said that in 1847, at the age of 15, and just three years after his father's death, he won the main event at Bathurst on his favourite Roberts' horse Sweetheart. There is no newspaper support to sustain this story. It is possible that he was at the Goulburn races as a spectator after having ridden there with Tom. De Mestre later leased and trained Nancy, a foal of Sweetheart. He raced Nancy at Numba in 1856 and 1857.Family
In about 1850 <mask>'s first child Helen "Ellen<mask> <mask> (c.1850-1934) was born in the vicinity of Jembaicumbene near Braidwood when he was only about 18. Ellen's mother was the Aboriginal girl <mask>. One of Ellen's grandchildren Guboo Ted Thomas (1909–2002), who was born under a gum-tree at Jembaicumbene, became a prominent Aboriginal leader, and the last initiated tribal elder on the South Coast of New South Wales; and one of her great grand children <mask> Hornsby (1947- ) was born in Brisbane to "Ellen" <mask>re's grand daughter Gladys. <mask> Hornsby came to prominence as an urbanized contemporary Aboriginal artist combining Aboriginal dot painting with visions of contemporary Australian life and landscapes. Early career
In the early 1850s <mask>re went into partnership with his elder brother Andre Cotteral <mask> (1823–1917) and leased a section of the "Terara" (near the mouth of the

masks:
Etienne
Etienne
" de
Mestre
Sarah Lamb
Lloyd Nolan
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Lloyd Nolan
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title: Etienne L. de Mestre

texts:
 Shoalhaven River) from their mother. There they established a horse stud, stable and racecourse where unofficial races were held and which was said to be the finest training track in the colony. After inheriting "Terara" on their mother's death in 1861 they converted the rest of the farm into the best training and breeding establishment outside Sydney.In 1857 <mask> <mask>re rode George Taylor Rowe's horse Plant to victory in the Liverpool Club's Members Plate. George Taylor Rowe's horse Veno had already been sent from Sydney to Melbourne by steamship. After the Liverpool meeting <mask>re steamed to Melbourne with George Taylor Rowe to assist in the training preparation of Veno for the first inter-colonial Champion Challenge race between the champions of New South Wales and Victoria at Flemington. Veno won against the Victorian champion in front of 20,000 spectators. <mask> became recognised as a master trainer, coming to prominence after leasing, training, and successfully racing Rowland Hassall & Tom Roberts' "Exeter Farm" bred colts Mariner and Sailor from 1857 to 1859. This made him an overnight success as a trainer, with owners throughout the area keen to send him their best horses. Melbourne Cup
In 1861 De Mestre first sent horses of his own from Sydney to Melbourne by steamship.He sent three horses to run in the inaugural Melbourne Cup. His prowess as a trainer was significantly boosted by winning the Cup with one of these horses, Archer, a horse that he leased from Hassall & Roberts and raced in his own name. Archer raced again the next day to win another 2-mile long distance race, the Melbourne Town Plate. The next year, after Archer had won the 1862 AJC Queen Elizabeth Stakes in Randwick, Sydney, <mask>re again shipped horses including Archer to Melbourne to race in the Melbourne Cup. Archer won his second Melbourne Cup by 10 lengths. Winning the Melbourne Cup twice was a feat not repeated until more than seventy years later when Peter Pan won the race in 1932 and 1934, and winning the

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title: Etienne L. de Mestre

texts:
 Melbourne Cup two years in a row was a feat not repeated until more than 100 years later when <mask> won in 1968 and 1969. De Mestre's plans to run Archer in the third Melbourne Cup in 1863 were upset when, after already having shipped Archer and other horses to Melbourne, the Victoria Turf Club declared that <mask>re's telegraph of acceptance for Archer for the Cup had arrived late and scratched Archer on a technicality.In protest of this decision and in a show of solidarity, all the interstate owners boycotted the third race and scratched their horses in sympathy. What was unknown at the time, however, was that due to injuries Archer would later sustain in the lead up to the Cup it is unlikely that he would have been able to race. As a result, the scratchings the Melbourne Cup of that year ran with only the 7 local Victorian starters, the smallest number in the history of the Cup. Following the debacle over the third Melbourne Cup, <mask> swore that he would never again race in Victoria. But he did. In 1867 he returned to the Melbourne Cup with horses from his stable. He set a new record and won for a third time with a horse that he leased from the owners of Archer, Tim Whiffler.Each year he continued to ship horses to Melbourne to compete in the Melbourne Cup. De Mestre meanwhile built a formidable record in other classic races in Victoria and NSW. In 1872 <mask>re's rival trainer 'Honest' John Tait beat <mask>re's record and had won four Melbourne Cups. It was not until 1877 that <mask>re was able to match this new record, and not until 1878 that he was able to beat and hold it for the next 99 years. Marriage
On 27 December 1873, aged 41, <mask> <mask>re married 21-year-old Clara Eliza Rowe (1852–1934), daughter of George Taylor Rowe (1822–1859), at St Matthias's Church, Paddington. Twenty years older than Clara, Etienne had known her since she was a young child and watched her grow up. Together they had eleven children, 10 of whom survived infancy.Their youngest son, <mask> Maistre (1894–1968),

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Roy de


title: Etienne L. de Mestre

texts: born after <mask>re had retired from training, was a successful artist who lived the later part of his life in London where he formed a friendship with novelist Patrick White. In 1876 <mask>re's entry in the Melbourne Cup, favourite Robin Hood, and ten other horses were lost at sea when the S.S. City of Melbourne was struck by a severe storm off the coast at Jervis Bay. The loss of Robin Hood did not stop <mask>re from transporting horses by sea to Melbourne to compete in the Melbourne Cup. In the next two years <mask>re won two more Melbourne Cups with Chester in 1877 and Calamia in 1878. Having then won 5 Melbourne Cups established his place in history as Australia's first outstanding racehorse trainer. With his Melbourne Cup win on Calamia in 1878, De Mestre also equalled his rival John Tait's record set 6 years earlier of owning the winners of 4 Melbourne Cup. However, although 2 of the 3 horses that won these races, Archer and Tim Whiffler, raced in <mask> <mask>re's name, and therefore <mask>re is recorded by history as their owner, they was not actually legally owned by <mask>re.Instead <mask>re leased from the "Exeter Farm", for training and racing purposes, both Archer (1861, 1862) and Tim Whiffler (1867). As a lessee <mask>re "owned" and was fully responsible for the horses during the leases, including keeping any of their purses. Archer and Tim Whiffler were leased from Thomas John "Tom" Roberts (a close school-friend of <mask>re), Rowland H. Hassall (Tom's brother-in-law), and Edmund Molyneux Royds and William Edward Royds (Tom's nephews, the sons of Thomas Molyneux Royds who before his death in 1852 had owned Archer's dam and sire). When Archer was retired from racing he was not retained by <mask>re for breeding purposes but was returned to his legal owners at "Exeter Farm". De Mestre's success as a trainer or an owner were not repeated in the betting ring. He frequently gambled on the wrong runner from his stable, and many times lost to the bookmakers all his considerable stake winnings

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title: Etienne L. de Mestre

texts:
 from a carnival. In 1882, the first year bookmakers were licensed at Flemington, he tried to recoup some of his gambling losses by betting on two of his horses for a VRC Derby-Melbourne Cup double in what is reputed to be the largest single bet ever placed in the Colonies up to that time.After winning the first leg of the bet with Navigator, he scratched this same horse from the Cup as he felt that his other horse Sweet William would be the winner. Injury prior to the race placed Sweet William in 5th place, and <mask>re lost his gamble. Later years
De Mestre encountered many financial and health problems in the early 1880s and at the age of 51, in 1883, his inherited property of "Terara" was auctioned off to pay his debts, and the all-black livery of the Terara stable disappeared from the colonial racing world. Although most successful as owner and trainer, De Mestre had been persuaded to invest heavily in Queensland property and it was here that he ran into trouble. A severe drought in Queensland, and also on the Shoalhaven, broke him financially. Finally he sold up, and when his health began to fail, friends organised a benefit race meeting for him. It was extremely successful and the proceeds enabled him to live quietly yet comfortably until his death.Death
He died at "Garryowen" at Moss Vale on 22 October 1916 at the age of 84, and was buried in the Church of England cemetery at Bong Bong, New South Wales. Sporting Achievements

Notes

References
 The Masters Touch, Racing with <mask> <mask>, Winner of 5 Melbourne Cups by Keith W. Paterson, Published by Keith W. Paterson [Nowra] (2008) ()
D. R. Hainsworth, '<mask>, <mask> <mask>e (1832 - 1916)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 4, MUP, 1967, pp 42–43. Australian Racing Museum - E de Mestre
Shoalhaven Hall of Sporting Fame

External links

1832 births
1916 deaths
Australian horse trainers
Australian racehorse owners and breeders
Australian Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame inductees
Australian people of French descent
19th-century

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title: Donald Margulies

texts:
<mask> (born September 2, 1954) is an American playwright and Professor (Adjunct) of English and Theater & Performance Studies at Yale University. In 2000, he received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for his play Dinner with Friends. Background and education
<mask> attended John Dewey High School in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Purchase College where he received a BFA in Visual Arts. <mask> lives with his wife, Lynn Street, a physician, and their son, Miles, in New Haven, Connecticut. He is a professor of English and Theatre & Performance Studies at Yale University. <mask>' notable works include The Country House (2014), Time Stands Still (2009) and Brooklyn Boy (2004). Sight Unseen and Collected Stories were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, in 1992, and 1997, respectively; Dinner with Friends was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 2000.<mask> said of Sight Unseen, "It's about loss, like most of my plays, and about identity." Ben Brantley noted themes in his works: "The central motifs in Brooklyn Boy have always been visible in Mr. <mask>'s work, from the willed amnesia of the self-invented artist (Sight Unseen) to the hazy lines between fiction and reality (Collected Stories). And Eric's fractious, divided family, summoned in recollection in Brooklyn Boy, has been anticipated in The Loman Family Picnic and What's Wrong With This Picture? Long Lost
The play was developed in connection with the Nashville Repertory Theatre Ingram New Works Festival. The unfinished play was given a reading in May 2015 at the Festival. The play focuses on a "long-overdue reunion between two

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title: Donald Margulies

texts:
 cast featured Lynn Cohen (Lola), Akili Prince, Paul Stolarsky and Roberta Wallach. <mask> won the 1995-96 OBIE Award for Playwriting, and the play was a 1995-96 Drama Desk nominee for Best Play and a Dramatists' Guild/Hull-Warriner Award finalist. The play was revived Off-Broadway by Primary Stages, from September 24, 2013 (previews), officially on October 15. Directed by Evan Cabnet, the cast featured Mark Blum, Diane Davis and Kathryn Grody. It was nominated for two Lucille Lortel Awards (Outstanding Lead Actress in a Play, Diane Davis and Outstanding Revival) and for two 2014 Drama Desk Awards (Outstanding Revival of a Play and Outstanding Featured Actress in a Play, Diane Davis). What's Wrong with This Picture?Shirley, a Jewish housewife and mother from Brooklyn, returns from the dead to reconcile with her family. Her husband Mort is grieving and teen son Artie can't forgive her for leaving him.What's Wrong with This Picture? was first produced Off-Broadway by the Manhattan Theatre Club Stage 73, from January 29, 1985
to February 23, 1985, directed by Claudia Weill and starring Madeline Kahn as Shirley. It was next produced Off-Broadway by the Jewish Repertory Theatre from June 9, 1990 to August 5, 1990, directed by Larry Arrick. The play ran on Broadway at the  Brooks Atkinson Theatre from November 15, 1994 in previews, officially on December 8, 1994 and closed on December 18, 1994. Directed by Joe Mantello, the cast featured Faith Prince, Alan Rosenberg, Jerry Stiller, and David Moscow. Found a Peanut Found a Peanut was first produced by Joseph Papp at the New York Shakespeare Festival


title: Donald Margulies

texts:
 in June 1984, where it was directed by Claudia Weill and starred Robert Joy, Evan Handler, Peter McNicol, Greg Germann, Robin Bartlett, Nealla Spano, Kevin Geer and Jonathan Walker.Gifted Children Gifted Children was produced by the Jewish Repertory Theater (New York City) in December 1983, directed by Joan Vail Thorne and starring Dinah Manoff and Zohra Lampert. Adaptations Luna Park is a one-act play inspired by the short story "In Dreams Begin Responsibilities" by Delmore Schwartz and was his New York debut as a playwright. The play was commissioned by the Jewish Repertory Theater which produced the play in February 1982 with direction by Florence Stanley. "'Delmore,' One Acters, To Bow at Jewish Rep" New York Times, January 14, 1982

His play God of Vengeance, based on the Yiddish classic by Sholem Asch, was produced at ACT Theatre (Seattle) in April 2000, and in August 2002 at the Williamstown Theatre Festival, directed by Gordon Edelstein and starring Ron Leibman.Hampton, William. "Theater Review. 'God Of Vengeance'" New York Times, August 10, 2002Coney Island Christmas, adapted from the short story “The Loudest Voice” by Grace Paley, was commissioned and first produced by the Geffen Playhouse in November 2012. Directed by Bart DeLorenzo the cast featured Arye Gross and Isabella Acres in this "Jewish Christmas show".Film and television
<mask> has written pilots and episodes of several television shows. In the 1980s, he was under contract to Norman Lear's company to develop television pilots, and was a producer-writer for the television series Baby Boom.He has adapted a wide range of


title: Donald Margulies

texts:
 material for film and television, both fiction (including Middlesex by Jeffrey Eugenides, Tom Wolfe’s A Man in Full, The Touchstone by Edith Wharton) and non-fiction (notably American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by Jon Meacham, The Most Dangerous Book: The Battle for James Joyce’s “Ulysses" by Kevin Birmingham, and biographies of David O. Selznick, Robert Capa and Keith Moon), all of which are unproduced. The End of the Tour

Margulies adapted the memoir Although of Course You End Up Becoming Yourself: A Road Trip With David Foster Wallace, by David Lipsky, as a feature film screenplay, The End of the Tour. The film, released in 2015, was directed by James Ponsoldt and stars Jason Segel as Wallace and Jesse Eisenberg as Lipsky. The film received widespread positive reviews from critics, with a 93% "Certified Fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes,

Grants and Fellowships
Margulies has received grants from the National Endowment for the Arts, the New York Foundation for the Arts, the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation and a MacDowell Colony Fellowship. He was playwright-in-residence at the Sundance Playwrights Conference for three summers; Collected Stories was developed there, as was an early version of Sight Unseen. <mask> is an alumnus of New Dramatists and serves on the council of the Dramatists Guild of America.Selected Honors

 2019 American Academy of Arts and Sciences inductee
 2018 Thornton Wilder Prize
 2015 William Inge Theatre Festival Distinguished Achievement in American Theater Award
2014 PEN/Laura Pels International Foundation for Theater Award American Playwright


title: Donald Margulies

texts:
 in Mid-Career
 2005 American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature
 2005 National Foundation for Jewish Culture Award in Literary Arts
 2000 Madge Evans-Sidney Kingsley Award for Outstanding Achievement in the Theatre by a Playwright
 2000 Pulitzer Prize for Drama

Notable works
 Luna Park, 1982
 Resting Place, 1982
 Gifted Children, 1983
 Found a Peanut, 1984
 What's Wrong with This Picture?, 1985
 The Model Apartment, 1988
 The Loman Family Picnic, 1989
 Pitching to the Star, 1990
 Sight Unseen, 1991
 July 7, 1994, 1995
 Collected Stories, 1996
 Dinner with Friends, 1998
 God of Vengeance, 2000
 Brooklyn Boy, 2003
 Shipwrecked! An Entertainment, 2007
 Time Stands Still, 2009
 Coney Island Christmas, 2012
 The Country House, 2014Long Lost, 2019

References

External links

 Program from the world premiere of Shipwrecked! at South Coast Repertory
 Program from the world premiere of Brooklyn Boy at South Coast Repertory
<mask> - Downstage Center'' interview at American Theatre Wing.org
<mask> interview on Collected Stories - “Mentors and protégés exist everywhere” at phindie.com
<mask> Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. 1954 births
Living people
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
Drama Desk Award winners
Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners
John Dewey High School alumni
State University of New York at Purchase alumni
Jewish dramatists and playwrights
American academics of English literature
Jewish American dramatists and playwrights
Yale University faculty
20th-century American non-fiction

masks:
Donald Margulies
Donald Margulies
Donald Margulies


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
<mask> (often referred to by European missionaries as John Hormez or <mask>) (1760–1838) was the last hereditary patriarch of the Eliya line of the Church of the East and the first patriarch of a united Chaldean Church. After the death of his uncle Eliya XI in 1778, he claimed the patriarchal throne in 1780 and made a Catholic profession of faith. In 1783, he was recognized by the Vatican as patriarchal administrator and archbishop of Mosul. His career as patriarchal administrator was controversial, and was marked by a series of conflicts with his own bishops and also with the Vatican. Suspended from his functions in 1812 and again in 1818, he was reinstated by the Vatican in 1828. In 1830, following the death of the Amid patriarchal administrator Augustine Hindi, he was recognised by the Vatican as patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans and the Mosul and Amid patriarchates were united under his leadership. This event marked the birth of the since unbroken patriarchal line of the Chaldean Catholic Church.<mask> Hormizd died in 1838 and his successor Nicholas I Zaya was chosen by the Vatican, ending the centuries-old practice of hereditary succession. Sources
<mask> <mask>'s career, first as patriarchal administrator and finally as patriarch, was dogged by disputes. Most of the surviving contemporary accounts of his patriarchate are partisan, and must be used with care. <mask> <mask> himself wrote a polemical autobiography in Syriac, a fragment of which (breaking off in 1795) was translated into English by the Anglican missionary George Percy

masks:
Yohannan VIII Hormizd
Hanna Hormizd
Yohannan
Yohannan
Hormizd
Yohannan
Hormizd


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
 Badger and reproduced in his classic 1852 study of the Church of the East, The Nestorians and Their Rituals. His opponents responded with an equally intemperate history of the monastery of Rabban Hormizd under the headship of Gabriel Dambo of Mardin (1775–1832), which was published in a French translation by M. Brière in 1910 and 1911. Both texts provide spirited accounts of the intrigues that followed Yohannan's election as patriarch in 1780. Neither can be trusted on matters of interpretation, but if read judiciously they shed valuable light on the politics of the Chaldean Church in the late eighteenth- and early-nineteenth centuries and provide a wealth of factual detail omitted in many accounts of this period.The partisan spirit of the contemporary accounts was reflected in the texts of several later Chaldean authors, notably Giamil and Tfinkdji. Stephane Bello, writing in 1939 with access to the Vatican archives, was the first scholar to write a dispassionate account of <mask> Hormizd's career. He has been followed more recently by Habbi. Much of the recent scholarship on <mask> <mask> is in French or German, but convenient English summaries of his career were made by David Wilmshurst in 2000 and by Christoph Baumer in 2006. In 2003 Wilhelm Baum and Dietmar Winkler devoted three paragraphs to Yohannan Hormizd. Background
By 1760 the Church of the East had become divided into three patriarchates:
 The largest and oldest Patriarchal See was based at the Rabban Hormizd monastery of Alqosh, near Mosul. It spread from Aqrah up to Seert and

masks: Yohannan Yohannan Hormizd


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
 Nisibis, covering the South rich plain of Mosul (it is known also as Eliya line).Since the 15th century, its Patriarchs belonged to the Bar Mama (or Abuna) family and they were appointed through a strict hereditary system: the old patriarch chose one of his nephews (or sometimes his young brother), and consecrated him as metropolitan bishop with right of succession. The nephew was known as natar kursi (designated successor). In 1760 the patriarch of this See was Eliya XI (1722-1778), the uncle of Yohannan Hormizd. In 1681, the patriarchal See of Amid became independent and made a formal union with Rome (it is also known as the Josephite line). This See included a few towns such as Amid and Mardin in the North-West Mountains, which are now in Turkey. In 1760 the patriarch was Joseph IV Lazar Hindi, a relative of Augustine Hindi. The patriarchate struggled with financial difficulties due to the tax burden imposed by the Turkish authorities.The third patriarchal See was located in Qochanis and extended into the North East Mountains (also known as the Shimun line). This patriarchal line began in 1553 when <mask> Sulaqa was consecrated bishop by the Pope, but soon became independent of Rome and still survives in the denomination today known as Assyrian Church of the East

Early life

According to his autobiography, <mask> <mask> was born in 1760 in Alqosh to an Assyrian family. His father, the deacon Hanna (Yohannan), was the brother of the Mosul patriarch Eliya XI Denha (1722–1778). The Vatican opened a correspondence with both the Mosul and


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts: without open opposition from the young Yohannan. In May 1779, as soon as he had obtained his firman of office from the Ottoman civil authorities, Ishoyahb abandoned his Catholic profession of faith. The notables of Mosul, with the support of the Latin missionaries, deposed him and unanimously chose Shemon of Amid, the Chaldean metropolitan of Mardin (1758–88), as patriarch in his place.Shemon however declined to accept the honour, and Ishoyahb's opponents were obliged to turn instead to the young <mask> Hormizd, who had demonstrated his zeal for the Catholic cause since Ishoyahb's volte face by converting the Nestorians of the large Erbil villages of Aïnqawa, Armuta and Shaqlawa to Catholicism and encouraging them to withdraw their loyalty from his cousin. Yohannan was elected patriarch in 1780, and his supporters bribed the governor of Mosul to use his influence to obtain a firman from Constantinople, granting him authority over both the Chaldean Christians and the Nestorians. Yohannan then sent a profession of faith and a letter of submission to the Vatican. The Vatican was placed in a dilemma by this turn of events. If Yohannan's profession of faith was genuine, he might be the Catholic patriarch of Babylon the Vatican had long been hoping for, and his confirmation would be rapidly followed by the adoption of Catholicism by all the villages of the Mosul patriarchate. On the other hand, to confirm Yohannan's election would be to condone the distasteful practice of hereditary succession. There was also the possibility that Yohannan's submission


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

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 was no more sincere than Ishoyahb's had been two years earlier.The Vatican's initial response was therefore to inform Raphael Terconuski, the superior of the Catholic mission at Mosul, that <mask> Hormizd's profession of faith appeared to be satisfactory, but that his election was to be considered null. On 18 February 1783, having considered further, the Sacred Congregation decided to appoint Yohannan archbishop of Mosul and administrator of the patriarchate of Babylon, granting him all the necessary powers to that end except the title and the insignia of the patriarch. Patriarchal administrator and archbishop of Mosul, 1783–1830

Honeymoon period, 1783–1801
For the next eight years Yohannan Hormizd seemed to justify the hopes placed in him. He lived on amicable terms with the Catholic missionaries and devoted his energies to the conversion to Catholicism of the villages under his authority. In May 1790, on the advice of the missionaries, he consecrated his nephew Shemon metropolitan, and in August of the same year sent him to the Zibar district, where he converted the Nestorian villages of Arena and Barzane. The following year he sent Shemon to Mengesh in the Sapna district, where he was equally successful. The high point of this honeymoon period came in February 1791, when the Vatican appointed him patriarchal administrator of the Amid patriarchate, recalling Lazar Hindi to Rome to leave him a free hand.This appointment led to strenuous protests from Lazar Hindi, his vicar-general Joseph Attar and the clergy of Amid, and on 3 February 1793


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts: <mask> <mask>'s appointment was rescinded. At about the same time the Mosul missionaries began to report disquieting rumours about his performance of his duties. He was said, among other things, to have released a monk from his vows for a payment of 73 piastres, to have used liturgical books full of errors, to have visited families without a companion, and to have feasted in the house of a newly-wed couple. Although each of these incidents was relatively minor in itself, and could equally have been explained by mere imprudence rather than active corruption, their frequency was disturbing. For his part, Yohannan accused the missionaries of arrogance and mischief-making, and on his request the apostolic vicar of Baghdad, Fulgence de Sainte Marie, was sent to Mosul as apostolic vicar in 1796 to report on the situation. While his relations with the Vatican were cooling, <mask> <mask> also had to deal with the opposition of his cousin Ishoyahb, who continued to assert that he was the rightful patriarch. After Yohannan's irregular election in 1780 Ishoyahb withdrew to Amadiya, whose governor Isma'il gave him 'the Nestorian dioceses of the mountain' to govern.He made another Catholic profession of faith on 7 April 1783 in an attempt to regain the sympathies of the missionaries, and to preserve the patriarchate within his family consecrated his nephew Hnanisho metropolitan in 1784. Several years of bitter faction-fighting followed, in which the civil authorities in Baghdad held the balance between Muhammad, governor of Mosul, who supported Yohannan

masks: Yohannan Hormizd Yohannan Hormizd


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
 consistory of 23 September 1801 the possibility of appointing him patriarch of Babylon was considered. Unfortunately for Yohannan, his position was immediately undermined by renewed complaints from a section of the Chaldean church. On this occasion his opponents, supported by the Latin missionaries, impugned his orthodoxy and accused him of embezzling monastic property. In 1802 the priest <mask> Mushe of Tel Isqof was despatched to Rome with letters demanding the dismissal of both Yohannan and his nephew Shemon, metropolitan of Amadiya.He had only sufficient funds to reach Saida in Syria, where he entrusted the letter to the missionary Leopold Sebastien, who was leaving for Rome. The letters do not seem to have produced any immediate effect, but doubtless added to the concern in the Vatican about Yohannan <mask>'s reliability. Increasing opposition, 1802–12

Some years later <mask> Hormizd faced another challenge to his authority from a Baghdad merchant named Gabriel Dambo, one of the most remarkable figures of the nineteenth century Chaldean church. A Chaldean Christian born in Mardin in 1775, Dambo had made sufficient money by middle age to be able to retire from business, and he decided to devote the rest of his life to the service of the Church. The once-thriving monastery of Rabban Hormizd near Alqosh had been abandoned for many years, and he dreamed of reviving its monastic life and restoring it to its former glory. He paved the way by giving free lessons in Baghdad to young Chaldean Christians in Arabic, grammar, logic and rhetoric, and

masks: Yohannan Hormizd Yohannan


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts: after winning a formidable reputation as a teacher and scholar moved to Mosul. In 1808 he had no difficulty in persuading the Chaldean authorities and their Catholic missionary advisers to allow him to establish a seminary in the monastery of Rabban Hormizd.Before long he collected a number of pupils, who were vowed to poverty and celibacy, and was appointed lay superior of the seminary. An energetic and charismatic visionary, Gabriel had his own ideas of how things should be done, and had little patience with the leaders of the Chaldean Church. If the new seminary was to succeed it needed its own income, and Gabriel insisted, probably correctly, that a large proportion of the property then in the hands of the patriarchal family was originally owned by the monastery of Rabban Hormizd and should rightly revert to it. <mask> Hormizd, understandably, did not agree. This single issue would have been sufficient to poison relations between the two men, but there were other causes of friction as well. The new seminary had attracted men who disliked Yohannan Hormizd and wanted more vigorous leadership. The monks rallied around their superior and made no secret of their distaste for the patriarchal administrator.They were joined by the Catholic missionaries, who shared their admiration for Gabriel, and by a number of influential priests, notably <mask> of Tel Isqof and Yohannan of Alqosh. In 1809 the Vatican seriously considered the possibility of suspending <mask> Hormizd, and rumours that he had indeed been suspended were circulated by his opponents,

masks: Yohannan Yohannan Yohannan


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
 eliciting a spirited letter of protest to the Vatican by his supporters on 15 October 1811. <mask> Hormizd's opponents were eventually able to win over the pasha of Mosul to their side, who briefly imprisoned him. The missionaries, led by the priest Joseph Campanile, immediately took steps to replace him, and Campanile on his own authority consecrated the priest Shemon Sayyegh bishop of Mosul. He was later reproved by the Vatican for this abusive consecration, and Augustine Hindi was ordered to send Shemon to Mosul merely as a priest. At the same time, learning of <mask> <mask>'s imprisonment, the Vatican appointed Augustine Hindi apostolic delegate and the priest Giwargis of Alqosh apostolic vicar of Mosul, 'during the absence of the said archbishop', on 4 October 1811. This decision sent a clear signal that the Vatican's patience with <mask> Hormizd was, for the moment, almost at an end.Suspension and Reinstatement, 1812–30
<mask> Hormizd was eventually ransomed by his supporters and returned to Mosul, where he had several of his opponents imprisoned. After a series of mutual recriminations, the Rabban Hormizd monks and the Catholic missionaries wrote jointly to the Propaganda calling for Yohannan's deposition, alleging that he was opposed to their order, that he incited the Kurds of Isma'il Pasha against them, and that he was endeavouring to lead the Chaldean proselytes back to Nestorianism. The Vatican was alarmed at these charges and on 15 February 1812 suspended Yohannan from his functions as archbishop of Mosul and patriarchal

masks: Yohannan Yohannan Hormizd Yohannan Yohannan


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts: administrator and appointed Shemon Sayyegh apostolic vicar for Mosul and the priest Giwargis of Alqosh apostolic vicar for the patriarchate of Babylon. Both men were placed under the direct authority of Augustine Hindi, who was named apostolic delegate for the affairs of the patriarchate of Babylon. While this decision temporarily placed the two Catholic patriarchates under a single trustworthy authority, it was from the Vatican's point of view little more than a makeshift, as Hindi could never command the same prestige in the Mosul district as a member of the old patriarchal family. <mask> <mask>'s suspension lasted for six years. At first he refused to accept the validity of the Vatican's decision, and issued threats against his opponents.Eventually he decided to seek a reconciliation with them, and a meeting was held on 20 February 1818 at Alqosh, attended by a hundred clergymen and notables, in which he agreed to apologise in writing for his misdeeds. In return, the assembly decided to send a letter to the Vatican to ask for his suspension to be lifted. Unfortunately, these good intentions were frustrated, as the letter's courier was killed en route and the letter never reached its destination. The Vatican, ignorant of the rapprochement between Yohannan Hormizd and his opponents, was briefed on the affairs of the Chaldean Church early in 1818 by Campanile, who is unlikely to have placed a sympathetic construction on Yohannan <mask>'s previous record. The Sacred Congregation concluded that <mask> Hormizd had not taken his suspension

masks: Yohannan Hormizd Hormizd Yohannan


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts: seriously, and on 24 May 1818 it was renewed. The appointments of Augustine Hindi and Giwargis of Alqosh were renewed by briefs of 26 June 1818, and <mask> Hormizd was informed of the new sentence in a latter of 11 July 1818. Once again, Yohannan refused to accept the validity of the sentence, and for the next few years continued to assert his authority wherever he could, abetted by the civil authorities at Amadiya.The Rabban Hormizd monks refused to have anything to do with him and accepted the authority of Augustine Hindi (the colophon of manuscripts copied in the monastery at this period dutifully mention the patriarchal administrator Mar Augustine, not <mask>). Three monks of the monastery of Rabban Hormizd were consecrated metropolitan bishops at Amid by Hindi in March 1825: the future patriarch Joseph Audo for Mosul, Lawrent Shoa for Baghdad, and Basil Asmar for Amadiya. Two other bishops perhaps consecrated on the same occasion, Mikha'il Kattula and Ignatius Dashto, were sent to Seert and Mardin, traditional sees of the Amid patriarchate, but the other three returned to their home villages north of Mosul; Basil Asmar to Telkepe, Lawrent Shoa to Tel Isqof and Joseph Audo to Alqosh. There each of the three metropolitans began ordaining priests and deacons, in a direct challenge to Yohannan's authority. Meanwhile, the Vatican reconsidered the condemnation of <mask> Hormizd in the light of fresh information, and on 25 November 1826 publicly absolved him. At the same time, to restore the peace of the Chaldean Church, it urged the 66-year-old

masks:
Yohannan
Mar Yohannan
Yohannan


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts: former patriarchal administrator to renounce his claims to the archdiocese of Mosul and to retire quietly. Yohannan, vindicated by the Vatican's absolution and supported by the local civil authorities, stubbornly refused to retire.Instead, he fought back against his opponents. In 1827, during the absence of the superior Gabriel Dambo in Rome, a number of monks in the monastery of Rabban Hormizd rebelled against its administrator <mask> Gwera, who enjoyed the support of the metropolitan Joseph Audo. <mask> Hormizd upheld the rebels, and was also able to have Basil Asmar expelled from Telkepe, forcing him to take refuge in Amid. On 3 April 1827, shortly after Basil's arrival, Augustine Hindi died at Amid and was buried in a cemetery outside the city's walls. His death ended the 146-year independent existence of the Amid patriarchate. Basil Asmar, who had endeared himself to the clergy and people of Amid, was appointed Hindi's successor as metropolitan of Amid in 1828, and the Vatican confirmed the appointment. Amid reverted to a metropolitan diocese of the Chaldean Church, and the Amid patriarchate came to an end.Basil's appointment required a bishop to be found for the see of Amadiya, and as Joseph Audo had failed to overcome the opposition of Yohannan's supporters to his appointment of metropolitan of Mosul, Gabriel Dambo and the Catholic missionaries agreed that he should be reassigned to Amadiya. Like Basil before him, however, he declined to trust his life to the good faith of Isma'il Pasha, and withdrew to Alqosh, where he continued to

masks: Yohannan Yohannan


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
 intrigue among the Chaldeans and with the local authorities of Mosul against Yohannan. As a result of these intrigues Yohannan was imprisoned for a third time by the Ottoman authorities, for four months. After Yohannan's release the charges made by his opponents were investigated by the Latin apostolic vicar Pierre-Alexander Coupperie, who travelled to Mosul to interview him. Yohannan was absolved of blame and restored to the exercise of his jurisdiction. Gabriel Dambo was then in Rome, to lobby more effectively against his rival, and he and his supporters declared Coupperie's decision invalid and insisted that they would not accept Yohannan's authority unless he was absolved personally by the pope. Coupperie therefore persuaded a number of influential Chaldeans to join him in a written appeal to the Vatican for Yohannan's reinstatement.Patriarch of Babylon, 1830–8

Couperrie died shortly afterwards, and was succeeded as apostolic vicar by his assistant Laurent Trioche, who was consecrated a bishop for the purpose by Yohannan and the metropolitan Lawrent Shoa of Kirkuk on the Vatican's instructions. Like his predecessor, Trioche took Yohannan's part, and in a consistory held in the Vatican on 5 July 1830 it was agreed that Yohannan should be relieved of the archdiocese of Mosul, confirmed as patriarch of the Chaldeans and awarded the pallium (the traditional symbol of the Vatican's recognition of his succession). The decision was communicated to <mask> Hormizd, now aged 74, in two papal bulls of the same date. Fifty years after his irregular


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
 succession to Eliya XI (d. 1778), <mask> Hormizd was finally recognised as patriarch of the Chaldean Church and awarded the title patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans. The suppression of the Amid patriarchate and the union of the Chaldean dioceses under the patriarch of Babylon in 1830 marked the birth of the modern Chaldean Catholic Church. The new patriarch was awarded the pallium in a ceremony held in Baghdad on 6 April 1834. Further troubles
According to Badger, <mask> Hormizd was unhappy with the thought of the unbroken succession of the Eliya line ending with his death, and made a curious bargain with the Nestorian church in an attempt to continue the succession.He ordained his nephew Mansur Sefaro a priest, and in 1831 sent him to the Nestorian patriarch Shemon XVII Abraham (1820–61), who consecrated him at Urmi and appointed him metropolitan over the Nestorians of Amadiya. The new metropolitan took the name Eliya, the traditional name of the Chaldean patriarchs before the schism of 1552 (Yohannan's own family), and shortly afterwards abandoned the pretence of being a Nestorian and was readmitted into the Chaldean church, ultimately becoming the first Chaldean bishop of Aqra in 1852. In spite of this account, it was presumably with the intention of excluding this nephew from being his successor that in 1837 Yohannan, aware that he had not long to live, designated Gregory Peter di Natale, metropolitan of Gazarta, as coadjutor and "guardian of the throne". The feud between Gabriel Dambo and <mask> Hormizd ended in 1832, when Alqosh was


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts: pillaged by Kör Muhammad, chief of the Soran Kurds of Rawanduz. Gabriel Dambo was among the hundreds of East Syrians killed by the Kurds, and was succeeded as superior of the monastery of Rabban Hormizd by Yohannan Gwera. Despite the death of his chief rival, the patriarch's troubles continued throughout the 1830s. The monks of the monastery of Rabban Hormizd still refused to acknowledge his authority, and were supported by the metropolitan Joseph Audo, who now claimed jurisdiction over the monastery on the grounds that it lay within his diocese of Amadiya.<mask> Hormizd retaliated by suspending Audo and a number of Rabban Hormizd monks, but this action had little effect. A rumour spread that a new Latin apostolic vicar had been appointed in Rome and was now on his way to Mosul, and the patriarch's enemies temporarily came into line to make a good first impression on this important official. But when after two months he had still not arrived, they resumed their duties in flat defiance of Yohannan's orders. One man only, a priest named Stephen, sent in his submission to the patriarch, and was appointed priest of Telkepe. The patriarch now sent the metropolitan Gregory Peter di Natale to Mosul, accompanied by a priest named Andrew to represent the apostolic vicar Laurent Trioche, to inquire into the conduct of the Rabban Hormizd monks. Joseph Audo thereupon retired to Amid, where he was welcomed by its metropolitan Basil, and the delegates condemned the obstinacy of the monks and returned to Baghdad. In the light of this vindication of the


title: Yohannan VIII Hormizd

texts:
 since the middle of the fifteenth century, now renounced its hereditary right of succession but insisted on keeping the title Abuna as the family name henceforward. Nicholas Zaya duly succeeded <mask> Hormizd as patriarch, but the manner in which his succession had been arranged by the Vatican offended most of the Chaldean bishops, and Zaya's brief reign (1839–46) would prove to be as stormy as that of his predecessor. References

Sources

 Brière, M., 'Histoire du couvent de Rabban Hormizd de 1808 a 1832', ROC, 15 (1910), 4, 410–24;16 (1911), 2, 113–27; 3, 249–54; and 4, 346–55

 Hornus, J. M., 'Mémoire sur l'état actuel et l'avenir de la religion catholique et des missions lazaristes et protestantes en Perse par le Comte de Challaye, consul de France à Erzéroun' (Cahiers d'Études Chrétiennes Orientales 8-9 für 1970/73), Action Chrétienne en Orient, Strasbourg o. J., 79f. 85f. 102–109.148. Eastern Catholic bishops in the Ottoman Empire
Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon
1760 births
1838 deaths
People from Alqosh
Assyrians of the Ottoman Empire
18th-century Eastern Catholic archbishops
19th-century Eastern Catholic archbishops
18th-century people of the Ottoman Empire
19th-century people of Ottoman


title: Eduard Hanslick

texts:
<mask> (11 September 18256 August 1904) was an Austrian music critic, aesthetician and historian. Among the leading critics of his time, he was the chief music critic of the Neue Freie Presse from 1864 until the end of his life. He was a conservative critic and championed absolute music over programmatic music for much of his career. As such, he sided with and promoted the faction of Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms in the so-called "War of the Romantics", often deriding the works of composers such as Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner. His best known work, the 1854 treatise Vom Musikalisch-Schönen (On the Musically Beautiful), was a landmark in the aesthetics of music and outlines much of his artistic and philosophical beliefs on music. Biography

<mask> was born in Prague (then in the Austrian Empire), the son of Joseph Adolph Hanslik, a bibliographer and music teacher from a German-speaking family, and one of Hanslik's piano pupils, the daughter of a Jewish merchant from Vienna. At the age of eighteen <mask> went to study music with Václav Tomášek, one of Prague's renowned musicians.He also studied law at Prague University and obtained a degree in that field, but his amateur study of music eventually led to writing music reviews for small town newspapers, then the Wiener Musik-Zeitung and eventually the Neue Freie Presse, where he was music critic until retirement. Whilst still a student, in 1845, he met with Richard Wagner in Marienbad; the composer, noting the young man's enthusiasm, invited him to Dresden to hear his opera Tannhäuser; here <mask> also met with Robert Schumann. In 1854 he published his influential book On the

masks:
Eduard Hanslick
Hanslick
Hanslick
Hanslick


title: Eduard Hanslick

texts:
 Beautiful in Music. By this time his interest in Wagner had begun to cool; he had written a disparaging review of the first Vienna production of Lohengrin. From this point on, <mask> found his sympathies moving away from the so-called 'music of the Future' associated with Wagner and Franz Liszt, and more towards music he conceived as directly descending from the traditions of Mozart, Beethoven and Schumann — in particular the music of Johannes Brahms (who dedicated to him his set of waltzes opus 39 for piano duet). In 1869, in a revised edition of his essay Jewishness in Music, Wagner attacked <mask> as 'of gracefully concealed Jewish origin', and asserted that his supposedly Jewish style of criticism was anti-German. It is sometimes claimed that Wagner caricatured <mask> in his opera Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg as the carping critic Beckmesser (whose name was originally to be Veit Hanslich).<mask>'s unpaid lectureship at the University of Vienna led in 1870 to a full professorship in history and aesthetic of music and later to a doctorate honoris causa. <mask> often served on juries for musical competitions and held a post at the Austrian Ministry of Culture and fulfilled other administrative roles. He retired after writing his memoirs, but still wrote articles on the most important premieres of the day, up to his death in 1904 in Baden. Views on music

<mask>'s tastes were conservative; in his memoirs he said that for him musical history really began with Mozart and culminated in Beethoven, Schumann and Brahms. He is best remembered today for his critical advocacy of Brahms as against the school of Wagner, an episode in 19th

masks: Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick


title: Eduard Hanslick

texts: century music history sometimes called the War of the Romantics. The critic Richard Pohl, of the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, represented the progressive composers of the "Music of the Future". Being a close friend of Brahms from 1862, <mask> possibly had some influence on Brahms's composing, often getting to hear new music before it was published.<mask> saw Wagner's reliance on dramatics and word painting as inimical to the nature of music, which he thought to be expressive solely by virtue of its form, and not through any extra-musical associations. On the other hand, he referred to extra-musicality when he asked, "When you play Chopin's mazurkas, do you not feel the mournful and oppressive air of the Battle of Ostroleka?" (<mask> 1848, p. 157). The theoretical framework of <mask>'s criticism is expounded in his book of 1854, Vom Musikalisch-Schönen (On the Beautiful in Music), which started as an attack on the Wagnerian aesthetic and established itself as an influential text, subsequently going through many editions and translations in several languages. Other targets for <mask>'s heavy criticism were Anton Bruckner and Hugo Wolf. Of Tchaikovsky's Violin Concerto, he accused composer and soloist Adolph Brodsky of putting the audience "through hell" with music "which stinks to the ear"; he was also lukewarm towards the same composer's Sixth Symphony. <mask> is noted as one of the first widely influential music critics.While his aesthetics and his criticism are typically considered separately, they are importantly connected. <mask> was an outspoken opponent of the music of Liszt and Wagner, which broke down traditional musical forms

masks: Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick


title: Eduard Hanslick

texts:
 as a means of communicating something extra-musical. His opposition to "the music of the future" is congruent with his aesthetics of music: the meaning of music is the form of music. It is along these lines that <mask> became one of Brahms's champions and often pitted him against Wagner. For this reason, Brahms is often mistakenly positioned as being anti-Wagnerian himself, a historical interpretation that disregards Brahms's and Wagner's mutual admiration. Vom Musikalisch-Schönen

First published in 1854, On the Musically Beautiful is often referred to as the foundation of modern musical aesthetics. As such claims are typically overstated, it is probably best to consider it the codification of such notions of musical autonomy and organicism.These ideas proliferated in academia, in which he was the first professor of music history and aesthetics. Importantly, while this text certainly lays the theoretical groundwork for musical formalism, formal analysis is something that <mask> himself never did. Chapter 1: Aesthetics as Founded on Feelings

This chapter critiques the standing aesthetics of music, which <mask> refers to as the “aesthetics of feeling.” He cites the following authors to demonstrate “how deeply these doctrines [aesthetics of emotion] have taken root”: Mattheson, Neidthardt, J.N. Forkel, J. Mosel, C.F. Michaelis, Marpurg, W. Heinse, J.J. Engel, J.Ph. Kirnberger, Pierer, G. Schilling, Koch, A. André, Sulzer, J.W. Boehm, Gottfried Weber, F. Hand, Amadeus Autodidaktus, Fermo Bellini, Friedrich Thiersch, A. v. Dommer, and Richard Wagner.By ending his list of theorists with Wagner, he makes his primary critical target

masks: Hanslick Hanslick Hanslick


title: Eduard Hanslick

texts:
 obvious; Wagner had recently published his own essay, Opera and Drama, in 1851, in which he demonstrates how his compositional technique expresses the feelings inherent in the content and form of poetry. In contradistinction, <mask> asserts the autonomy of music, writing, “The beautiful is and remains beautiful though it arouse no emotion whatever, and though there be no one to look at it. In other words, although the beautiful exists for the gratification of an observer, it is independent of him.”

Chapter 2: The Representation of Feelings is Not the Subject of Music

<mask> posits that since emotion is not present in the music (objective) but is dependent on the listener's interpretation (subjective) it cannot be the basis for an aesthetics of music. He does admit, however, that music may “awaken feelings,” but maintains that it cannot “represent” them. Chapter 3: The Beautiful in Music

<mask> writes, “The essence of music is sound and motion” and suggests that the proper basis for an aesthetics of music are “sonically moving forms.” Furthermore, he suggests that these forms extend, or grow, from a freely conceived musical theme. He writes,

“The initial force of a composition is the invention of some definite theme, and not the desire to describe a given emotion by musical means. Thanks to that primitive and mysterious power, whose mode of action will forever be hidden from us, a theme, a melody flashes on the composer’s mind.The origin of this first germ cannot be explained, but must simply be accepted as a fact. When once it has taken root in the composer’s imagination, it forthwith begins to grow and develop; the principal