title: Toni Braxton

texts:
 she became the first African American performer in Las Vegas to have her act enter the top ten Vegas shows charting. <mask> also made headlines for her Giantto Million Dollar Microphone that she performed every show with. <mask> said: "I think it's a great element to the show.You have to have a little sprinkle of Liberace and this is my little sprinkle of that." <mask>'s prop was made up of white gold and encrusted with 650 karats of diamonds. The microphone reportedly cost $1 million. <mask> has also been seen as a gay icon, with some of her songs becoming gay anthems, such as "Un-Break My Heart", "He Wasn't Man Enough" and "Make My Heart". The singer stated that after the release of "Un-Break My Heart", she "recognized all the support. And it was really wonderful." When asked about her gay fans, Braxton said "I love my boys because my boys help me be a better girl.My choreographer and my video director are gay, and they’ve been my best friends since I started in the industry. They’re my favorite part of the whole industry". Personal life

Relationships
<mask> met musician Keri Lewis when his group, Mint Condition, opened for her on tour; they married on April 21, 2001. In December 2001, she gave birth to their first child, a son named Denim <mask>-Lewis. In 2002, while gearing up for the release of her fourth studio album, <mask> discovered she was pregnant with her second child; the complicated pregnancy confined her to bed rest. The couple's second son, Diezel Ky <mask>-Lewis, was born in March 2003. As Diezel has been diagnosed with autism, Braxton has become involved with Autism Speaks, serving as

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title: Toni Braxton

type: original

texts:
 their International Spokesperson.In November 2009 <mask> announced that she and her husband had separated. The couple later divorced in July 2013. In her early 30s, Braxton had an abortion after discovering she was pregnant by then-boyfriend Keri Lewis. In her memoir Unbreak my Heart, Braxton discusses her abortion and guilt, saying that her son Diezel's autism was "God's payback." In an October 2006 concert at the Flamingo Las Vegas, <mask> broke down in tears while announcing to the audience that just before the concert began she had been told that her son, Diezel, had been diagnosed with autism. <mask> has been outspoken regarding her doctor's failure to diagnose Diezel's condition earlier, contending that if he had been diagnosed earlier he could have received treatment earlier. As well as becoming a spokeswoman for Autism Speaks, she is also a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association.On July 8, 2015, <mask>'s attorney, Antavius Weems, announced that <mask> had settled her contentious child support case with her former husband, Keri Lewis. On June 2, 2016, the city and county officials of Atlanta, Georgia, named June 2 as <mask> Day. <mask> was dating rapper Birdman in May 2016, and the couple announced their engagement in February 2018. In January 2019, the couple called off the engagement. However, in April 2019, both <mask> and Birdman confirmed that they were still together. Health problems
In August 2007, rumors surfaced that <mask> had been diagnosed with breast cancer. She stated to Access Hollywood that the breast cancer rumors were false and that her health was very good.However, in

masks: Braxton Braxton Braxton Braxton Braxton Toniraxton Braxton Braxton Braxton


title: Toni Braxton

texts: 2008, she had a benign lump removed from her breast. On April 8, 2008, near the end of her two-year run at the Flamingo Hotel, <mask> was briefly hospitalized and the remaining dates on the show, which was scheduled to end on August 23, 2008, were cancelled. Later, while appearing on Season 7 of Dancing with the Stars, she stated, that she has been diagnosed with microvascular angina (small vessel disease). On November 18, 2010, <mask> revealed to CBS News that she had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a potentially life-threatening autoimmune disease. <mask>'s uncle died of complications from lupus. While taping her reality series Braxton Family Values, she went into hospital for surgery. <mask> was hospitalized in Los Angeles in December 2012 because of "minor health issues" related to

masks: Braxton Braxton Braxton Braxton


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
<mask> (December 25, 1864 – May 22, 1944) was an American track coach, athletic trainer, professor of physical training and gymnasium director for 42 years at Yale University (1890–1891, 1896–1898), the University of Michigan (1894–1895, 1898–1910), and Princeton University (1910–1932). He was considered "one of the pioneers of intercollegiate sport." Early years
<mask> was born in either 1864 or 1865 in Massachusetts. His father was born in Ireland. As a young man in the 1880s, Fitzpatrick was a sprinter with the national champion Natick Hook and Ladder Company team. As a coach, he is credited with inventing a new pole-vaulting technique and with coaching numerous Olympic gold medalists, including Archie Hahn, Ralph Rose, Charles Dvorak and Ralph Craig. He was also the trainer for the Michigan Wolverines football teams from 1894 to 1895 and 1898–1909, including Fielding H. Yost's legendary "point-a-minute" teams from 1901 to 1905.<mask> was born in Natick, Massachusetts in 1864. He died in Princeton, New Jersey at age 79 in 1944. Natick Hook and Ladder Company
In the late 1870s and 1880s, New England was "the home of the professional athlete." Teams of professional sprinters formed in New England. For a decade, the sport thrived, and <mask> was one of the leading sprinters. Sprinters took up residence in small towns and competed with the local fire companies that engaged in hose races with other companies. <mask> "was one of the first to organize the famous hose, hook and ladder teams, when racing of this kind was so popular and the rivalry between Massachusetts towns was keen."The "Natick Hook and Ladder Company" was the most

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

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 successful of the New England teams, becoming "the world's championship organization." The Natick team in the 1880s included <mask> and some of the leading sprinters of the era, including Mike Murphy, William F. Donovan, Sid Peet, Johnny Mack, Steve Farrell, and world champion Piper Donovan. In 1885, the only sweepstake race to determine the national champion of American professional sprinters was held and won by Natick's Piper Donovan. Several members of the Natick Hook and Ladder Company went on to become leading trainers at American universities, leading to Massachusetts being called the "mother of athletic mentors." Professional career

Yale University
In 1890 and 1891, <mask> was an athletic trainer at Yale University. Legendary football coach Amos Alonzo Stagg was a pupil of <mask> at Yale in 1890. Time magazine wrote in its obituary of <mask>: "When he was just beginning his coaching career, at Yale, he gave later-famed coach Amos Alonzo Stagg a primer course in the art of the fast breakaway."Detroit Athletic Club
In 1892, <mask>'s former Natick teammate, Mike Murphy, left his job as trainer at the Detroit Athletic Club to become the trainer at Yale. On Murphy's recommendation, <mask> was hired to replace him in Detroit, a position which he held until 1894. While <mask> was the trainer in Detroit, the club's leading sprinter, Harry S. Jewett, was the champion sprinter of the United States and Canada. In 1892, Jewett won the American 100-yard and one-furlong championships. Jewett also set an American record in the 220-yard dash in 1893. University of Michigan: 1894–1896

In 1894, <mask> was hired by the University of

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 Michigan as the trainer for the school's football team. During <mask>'s first stint as Michigan's trainer, the football teams had two of the best seasons in the school's history.The team lost only one game each year and outscored opponents 510-98. During these two seasons, Michigan also proved that a Western football team could compete with the major Eastern schools that dominated the game to that time. In 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, 12-4, and in 1895, the team beat Harvard, 4-0. The victory over Cornell in 1894 marked the first time that a Western school defeated an established power from the East. Prior to 1894, Michigan had never beaten one of the Eastern powers, losing to Yale, 46-0 in 1883, and to Cornell, 56-0 in 1889, 58-12 in 1891, and 44-0 in 1892. The team's record in 1894 and 1895 is set forth below. After two seasons at Michigan, <mask> had proven his value as an "expert trainer of football squads" and was recruited by Yale.When <mask> accepted the job at Yale, The Philadelphia Inquirer described the impact of his departure on the Michigan football team:"The greatest loss, however, is <mask> <mask>, the popular and efficient trainer, who has just accepted an offer from Yale, and will henceforth fill 'Mike' Murphy's place there. This loss is irreparable in the opinion of the Michigan men, for 'Fitz' has always been the prime factor in building up the teams for the past years, and had the confidence and esteem of every student." Return to Yale: 1896–1898
<mask> returned to Yale from 1896 to 1897 as the trainer of the school's track and football teams. For the second time, <mask> was hired to replace his old

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Keene Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 Natick teammate Mike Murphy, this time as Yale's trainer. In September 1896, one newspaper describe his hiring this way:"<mask> <mask> ... has just signed a contract to train Yale's track team for one year. ... In his younger days he won fame as a sprinter of great ability.He is a personal friend of Murphy and one of his pupils. ... <mask> will have charge of the other teams also, and will report Sept. 18, when the football squad will begin active training at the Yale field. ... It is reported that the salary will be the same as that paid to Murphy, $1,500." <mask> was described elsewhere as "a thoroughly good man who knows all about track and field athletics", but also "energetically devoted" to football—unlike many trainers who are "jealous of football" due to its damaging impact on "finely tempered men." Invention of new pole-vaulting technique
While at Yale, <mask> proved himself to be an innovator in track and field by inventing a new pole-vaulting technique. Dr. R.G.Clapp, who later spent 40 years as an athletic trainer and coach at the University of Nebraska, trained as a pole vaulter under <mask> in 1897. Clapp recalled that <mask> came to Yale with a "new idea on gripping the pole." <mask> "advocated sliding the lower hand up the pole to meet the upper hand at the takeoff instead of the prevailing system of taking off with the hands spread." Clapp was the first pole-vaulter to take up <mask>'s suggestion, and the two worked together on coordinating the other essentials of the vault with the hand slide. In 1898, after perfecting the technique, Clapp set a world record in the pole-vault (11 feet, 10½ inches) that stood

masks: Keene Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 for six years. Clapp later wrote:"Credit should be given where credit is due and, while it is true that <mask> <mask> and I were jointly responsible for this development which revolutionized valuting, the major credit should go to that polished Irish gentleman, who was one of the finest sportsmen I have ever known and who was so highly regarded at University of Michigan, Yale, and Princeton universities and by all of the track coaches and athletes of yesteryears." University of Michigan

Return to Michigan in 1898
During the two seasons that <mask> was at Yale, Michigan lost both games to its then rival University of Chicago.When Charles A. Baird was hired as Michigan's first athletic director in 1898, his first act was to recruit <mask> to return to Michigan. <mask> agreed to re-join Baird, who had been the manager of the 1894 and 1895 teams trained by <mask>. On September 15, 1898, one week before moving to Ann Arbor, <mask> was married to Mary Quinlan in Natick, Massachusetts. In <mask>'s first season back at Michigan, the football team went 10-0 and won the school's first Western Conference (now known as the Big Ten Conference) championship. The team outscored its opponents 205 to 26, and closed the season with a 12-11 win over Chicago. <mask> was credited for the team's turn-around in 1898. One writer recalled how "sadly out of condition" the Michigan team had been in 1897 when it lost to Chicago and earlier in 1898 when it narrowly beat Northwestern."Then after <mask> worked with these men they approached the Thanksgiving day contest with Chicago strong and fit to beat any team in the west. Physical condition improved

masks: Keene Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 100 per cent." During the 1898 football season, <mask> received a bruise on the back and "thought nothing of it" until an "ugly abscess" developed on his back. An operation was performed by a Detroit physician, but after two weeks, his condition deteriorated, and he returned to Massachusetts where he underwent a second surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. In late January 1899, he remained seriously ill at the Massachusetts hospital, though he was able to return in time for the 1899 track season. Yost's point-a-minute teams
In 1901, Michigan hired Fielding H. Yost as its football coach, and <mask> worked closely with Yost as trainer of the football team over the next nine years. In Yost's first four seasons at Michigan, the team was 44-0-1, outscoring opponents 2,331-40.The Michigan teams from 1901 to 1905, known as the "Point-a-Minute" teams, played 56 consecutive games without a loss and outscored their opponents 2,821 to 42. Michigan football drew widespread press attention, and though the lion's share of the credit went to Yost, much praise was also paid to <mask> for his role in training Michigan's players. In 1903, <mask> was recognized as a trainer "without peers in the country" and was paid a salary of $3,000 per year. The Los Angeles Times reported that Michigan's athletic director (Baird), football coach (Yost) and trainer (<mask>) were collectively paid $10,250, an amount "over double that of United States Senators", but noted that each was "conceded to be worth all he gets." The Times said the following about <mask>:"Trainer <mask> <mask>, the 'Professor of Athletics,' is also recognized as without a

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Keene Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts: superior in his line, which is the education of the young idea in the cinder path of track athletics, jumping, pole vaulting, and work with the weights. In all these branches Michigan ranked high last year, and to Fitzpatrick was given most of the credit." <mask>'s training was often credited as the reason why so few Michigan football players were injured during his years as trainer.Michigan's legendary football coach Fielding H. Yost held a high opinion of <mask> and praised his role in the success of Michigan's football teams:"Fitz and I worked together for nine years. We were like brothers during that association at Michigan. There is no one person who contributed so much to the University of Michigan as this great trainer. His wonderful personality, his expert assistance and that great optimism of his stood out as his leading qualifications. My association with him is one of the pleasantest recollections of my life. He put men in shape, trained them and developed them. They were 'usable' all the time.He is a trainer who has his men in the finest mental condition possible. I don't think there was ever a trainer who kept men more fit, physically and mentally, than <mask> <mask>." During the 1903 season, <mask> also played a central role in the birth of the Little Brown Jug trophy that is still awarded to the winner of the Michigan-Minnesota football game. The student manager of the 1903 Michigan team, Tommy Roberts, recalled the origin of the jug as follows: "Trainer <mask> <mask> was afraid Minnesota would try to dope Michigan's water supply, and bought the jug for about 30 cents in a Minneapolis store." Track success at

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Keene Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Keene Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 Michigan

Western Conference championships

Fitzpatrick was Michigan's track coach from 1900 to 1910, and during those years, Fitzpatrick's teams compiled a 24-2-1 record in dual meets and won Western Conference track championships in 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904, and 1906. <mask>'s athletes also excelled in Olympic competition. Over the course of four Olympic Games held during his tenure as track coach, Michigan track and field athletes won 15 medals, including 7 gold medals.1900 Paris Olympics
In 1900, funds were solicited from faculty, students, alumni and Ann Arbor businessmen to send <mask> and four Michigan track athletes to the Olympics in Paris. Michigan's John McLean won a silver medal in the high hurdles, and Michigan's champion pole-vaulter, Charles Dvorak, became involved in the Sabbath controversy. When finals of some events were scheduled for Sunday, several American university teams agreed they could not violate the Sabbath. Among the finals scheduled for Sunday was the pole vault, in which Dvorak was a favorite. Dvorak was reportedly told that the final had been rescheduled, but the event was held after Dvorak and another American left. Several special competitions were conducted later to accommodate the Americans, which allowed Dvorak to win a silver medal. On his return from Paris, <mask> praised the American athletes and criticized Paris officials for holding key event finals on a Sunday:"The Americans showed themselves superior in every kind of track athletics.They won practically everything. We felt keenly the breach of faith in holding the Paris games on Sunday, but we could do nothing more than make a

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

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 formal protest." 1904 Olympics in St. Louis
One of the highlights for Michigan athletics during the Fitzpatrick years came at the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis, Missouri, which have sometimes been referred to as the "Michigan Olympics." Five University of Michigan track and field athletes won 9 medals: six gold, two silver, and one bronze. The Michigan medal winners at the 1904 Olympics were:
 Archie Hahn – gold medals in the 60 meters, 100 meters, and 200 meters;
 Ralph Rose – gold medal in the shot put, silver medal in the discus, and bronze medal in the hammer throw;
 Charles Dvorak – gold medal in the pole vault;
 Fred Schule – gold medal in the 110-meter hurdles; and
 Wesley Coe – silver medal in the shot put. Archie Hahn became a major star, and <mask> was credited with inventing his unusual running style. Shortly before the 1904 Olympics, a Wisconsin sports writer described the Fitzpatrick-invented style this way:"Hahn has a new style of running.Nobody at Michigan understands the style, except that <mask> <mask> invented it, and that Hahn steps differently than ever before. Even to see Hahn's new stride is not to analyze how he manages to lift his feet so high in front. The new stride suggests that he is trying to climb a hill. The little man has toughened every muscle in his body and trained it to be a spring." With three medals, Ralph Rose also became a star. In December 1904, the New York Evening Sun wrote that Rose was "the first perfect physique ever seen at the University of Michigan" as measured by Fitzpatrick's anthropometric charts. Before Rose, Michigan never had an athlete who did not fall short of either

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

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 size or symmetry requirements to draw "an uncurving line on the cart at the 100 mark."At 6 foot, 3 inches, 246 pounds, a 29.9 inch right thigh, and a 47.6 inch expanded chest, he was the school's first "perfect physique." 1906 and 1909 Olympics

At the 1906 Summer Olympics in Athens, Archie Hahn repeated as the 100-meter champion, winning his fourth gold medal. And at the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, Michigan athlete Ralph Rose repeated as the gold medalist in the shot put, and John Garrels won a silver medal in the 110-meter hurdles and a bronze in the shot put. Ralph Craig
<mask> also coached Ralph Craig at Michigan. Following <mask>'s departure from Michigan, Craig went on to win gold medals in the 100 metres and 200 metres at the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm. In 1932, <mask> said that Craig was the best sprinter he ever turned out, though Johnny Garrels was the best all-around athlete he ever handled. <mask>'s pupils, Hahn and Craig, were the only Olympic double sprint winners prior to another Michigan athlete, Eddie Tolan, accomplishing the feat at the 1932 Summer Olympics.Gymnasium director and advocate for "physical culture"
In addition to serving as the trainer for the football team and coach of the track team, <mask> also served as a professor of physical training and the director of the school's Waterman Gymnasium. He was first hired at Michigan in 1894, the same year the Waterman Gymnasium was opened. Gymnasium training was compulsory for Michigan students at the time, and it was <mask> who oversaw the training. The gymnasium training included "muscular strengthening and improvement", exercises (known as

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts: "correctives"), basketball, and Swedish gymnastics. During his years at Michigan, <mask> was an outspoken advocate of vigorous exercise and what was then known as "physical culture." In 1910, a profile of <mask>'s work was published under the headline, "Makes Man Out of Weakling, Chart Shows Wonders of Scientific Physical Training." The article displayed one of the anthropometric charts (pictured to right) used by <mask> in tracking the progress of Michigan's students, including measurements of lung capacity, weight, shoulders, neck, chest, hips, waist, thighs, forearms, and arms.The article touted <mask>'s work as evidence that "scientific physical culture" can turn "a poor weed into a splendidly developed man." <mask> was also an advocate of a healthy diet. In 1909, he wrote: "Diet takes a foremost part in the training of athletes. Men in training should not eat anything fried, pastry, pork sausages, etc. ... Tea and coffee, smoking and drinking intoxicating liquors must be absolutely barred from an athlete's diet." In another article, <mask> told of his work with a student who had been "horribly crippled" from birth.The student asked to be excused from the compulsory gymnasium work, claiming it would be "utterly impossible" for him to participate. The student had never walked a step, his legs were twisted out of shape, and he could not control his head and neck. <mask> denied the request and promised the young man: "I will teach you to walk." <mask> invented exercises to strengthen every part of the student's body, until eventually the student could walk on his own. <mask> recalled:"Day after day I taught him. I showed him

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 how to step and helped him with my hands to take steps. The first two steps he took alone were followed by tears of joy.Of course, he'll never be able to walk as an able-bodied man, but he learned to discard his shuffle. ... This is but an instance of gymnasium work's benefits. If people realized the value of physical culture, we would be a splendidly developed race of men and women." Those who knew <mask> described his "magnetic personality", his ability to rouse men "out of the gloom of despair and defeat", and noted that "he knew men and how to get the best out of them." <mask>'s accomplishments draw fame and offers from Eastern universities
By 1905, the success of Michigan's athletic programs had brought fame to <mask> and to the school. <mask> had "turned out more championship teams than any other man in the West", and the school's "athletic reputation had spread so far" that requests were received from all over the country from school's seeking to hire Michigan graduates to teach athletics.<mask> noted that the demand was so great that a Michigan athlete could command $400 to $500 more a year in salary than students from other schools, and an All-Western player from Michigan's football team could command a salary of $1,500 for three months' work. In what one newspaper called "Fitzpatrick's call to the book worms", <mask> extended an offer even to students without the ability to make the big teams that he would "teach them all the tricks by which they can show other men to success on the cinder path and gridiron." In 1905, Yale sought to recruit <mask> to return once again to that school. At the time, one paper wrote: "It

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts: is no exaggeration to say that today <mask> stands head and shoulders over every trainer in the country, just as Yost outshines rival football coaches. And without <mask>, Yost could not produce the winning football teams he does." A team from Yale visited Fitzpatrick in June 1905 but left Ann Arbor with the report that it was "impossible to get Keene away from Michigan." It was said: "Keene is located there, with everything pleasant and just as he wants it, and they say they won't let him go and he says he can't come.So Yale must give up hoping for him." <mask> declined to comment on the offers and said, "Ann Arbor is a good place to live in and I like the Michigan spirit." <mask>'s reputation as one of the greatest trainers and conditioners continued to grow as his four-mile-relay team won the event at the Penn relays for seven consecutive years. And in January 1910 a Minnesota newspaper wrote a lengthy profile on <mask> describing him as the "great little man" responsible for molding Michigan's teams:"A great asset to Michigan is <mask> <mask>. He knows athletics from A to Z. As a trainer of track men he is beyond a peer; for keeping football players in condition he is unbeatable and in the capacity of a football coach he ranks high. He works over an unconscious player, binds up a nasty hurt or squeezes a soaked sponge down the neck of a perspiring husky with the same calmness that he looks for dangerous stones in the training lot at Whitmore Lake."<mask>'s conditioning was credited with the success of the Michigan football team in his two games at the team's trainer. On November 13, 1900, Michigan beat Penn, 12-6, after a

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

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 long train ride to Philadelphia. On a hot day in Philadelphia, Penn's coach was forced to make nine substitutions, but Michigan made only one. Seven days later, after long train rides to Ann Arbor, and then to Minnesota, the Michigan football team beat Minnesota, 15-6, in the bitter cold. One writer of the victories: "It was a test that is seldom paralleled in football, but <mask> had the men in shape to stand it -- and then a whole lot." <mask> accepts an $8,000 a year offer from Princeton

In 1910, <mask> was offered the position of athletic trainer and track coach by Princeton University. <mask> stated that he was content in Michigan, but Princeton representative persisted and asked him to name the salary that would cause him to leave Michigan.<mask> did not want to leave Michigan so he gave the figure "in the neighborhood of $8,000 per year"—an amount he assumed would be prohibitive. Princeton agreed to the amount, and <mask>, "having made the terms himself felt in honor bound to leave Michigan and come East." <mask>'s impact on the student body was such that, when he left for Princeton in 1910, the following tribute was paid to him:"He made men better, not alone physically, but morally. His work has been uplifting along all lines of university activities. In character and example he is as great and untiring as in his teaching and precept. ... Next to President Angell, no man of the University of Michigan, in the last ten years, has exerted a more wholesome influence upon the students than <mask> <mask>. His work brought him in close touch with the students and his influence over them for good has been wonderful.He is a

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 man of ideals and clean life." In the decade after <mask> left, Michigan's football teams did not play to the same level they had in the nine years that Yost and <mask> had worked together. In 1915, one paper noted that <mask>'s departure "left a gap in the circle which has never been properly filled." In nine years under Yost-<mask>, the Michigan football team had a record of 75-6-2 (.903 winning percentage), and outscored opponents, 3,248-193. In the ten years after <mask> left, Yost's teams went 52-18-6, a .684 winning percentage. Princeton University
<mask> was hired by Princeton in 1910 and remained the track coach and athletic trainer there for 22 years. Four of his Princeton track teams placed second in the intercollegiates–1920, 1922, 1923, and 1925.Fifteen of his track athletes from Princeton won individual intercollegiate championships, including two double champions, Charles R. Erdman and Randolph E. Brown, and two repeat champions, J. Coard Taylor and Ralph G. Hills. After his first year at Princeton, the Daily Princetonian published an editorial in November 1911 proclaiming <mask> as "the best trainer Princeton has ever had", and concluded, "if we were asked to name the man who had done most for Princeton athletics in general during the past year, we should name <mask> <mask>, the trainer of a championship football team, the trainer of a championship baseball team and the coach of the first Princeton track team that has beaten Yale in fifteen years." In 1918, collegiate track coaches formed the Association of College Track Coaches of American and elected <mask> as their first president. By 1919, <mask> had been a

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Keene Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 track coach for 30 years and was known as the "Dean of College Coaches." A columnist that year observed: "Princeton has learned to love <mask> just as much as it does the members of the famous Poe family, Sam White and others who have brought glory to the Jungletown institution. He has built up the athletic department, just as he had done at Michigan..." In 1921, another writer noted: "His success in coaching in all branches of sport makes him one of the greatest athletic instructors of all time." In 1922, syndicated sports columnist Billy Evans wrote a profile about <mask> that was published in newspapers across the United States.Evans compared <mask> to Connie Mack:"In collegiate track athletics <mask> <mask> occupies much the same place that Connie Mack holds in major league baseball. <mask> stands out as one of the greatest developers of college athletics in the history of the track sport. ...  Much of <mask>'s success is due to his knowledge of the anatomy. He is a great conditioner." In 1927, <mask> spoke publicly in favor of allowing college football teams to conduct early practice before the school year began. He argued that the lack of sufficient time for training and conditioning was the greatest cause of football injuries. He argued that, although football is the most strenuous of all sports, it gets the least amount of actual preparation.In 1928, U.S. Senator Royal S. Copeland joined in <mask>'s call for "systematic training." Copeland credited <mask> with doing "more to develop straight thinking than any college president of modern times." Retirement and tributes
In 1932, <mask> retired after 42 years in the

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title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts: business as an athletic trainer and coach. <mask>, who was 67 years old at the time, noted that he sought to retire to a "less strenuous mode of life." At the time of <mask>'s resignation, the chairman of Princeton's board and supervisor of sports said, "For 22 years Mr. <mask> has been to Princeton men the symbol of all that is fine in amateur sport." Columnist Walter S. Trumbull wrote that <mask> "is known, admired and respected wherever a football shoe has trod or a running spike has pressed."At the dedication of the Michigan Union in 1935, former University of Michigan athletic director Charles A. Baird said, "I often think that if I were asked to produce a live, flesh-and-blood specimen of the perfect gentleman, I would unhesitatingly select <mask> <mask>. He was indeed a super-coach." Famed sports writer Grantland Rice regularly sought out <mask> on questions involving track and field, referring to <mask> in his columns as "the oracle" and "one of Natick's immortals." Even after <mask> died, Rice continued to write about his old friend, calling <mask> a man who "could coach and train football, track, rowing and the art of living." Rice recalled that one of the most common topics of discussion with <mask> was "this matter of weight and age." <mask> believed that a man of 50 or 60 should keep his weight close to what it was at 25 or 30. <mask> claimed he had never missed a day's work and was never out of condition.In 44 years, <mask> was never more than two pounds away from 164 pounds. Even at age 60, <mask> claimed he could outrun many of his students who came back to school "overweight and soft from a summer that

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Keene Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Keene Fitzpatrick

texts:
 certainly wasn't devoted to keeping in condition." As a tribute to his years of service, Princeton named an athletic field and fieldhouse after him. Later years and death
<mask> continued to live in Princeton, New Jersey after his retirement. He died at his home in Princeton in 1944 after a long illness. Head coaching record

Football

See also
 <mask> (name)
 List of Michigan Wolverines football trainers

References

1864 births
1944 deaths
American track and field coaches
Athletic trainers
Michigan Wolverines track and field coaches
Michigan Wolverines football coaches
People associated with physical culture
Princeton Tigers football coaches
Princeton Tigers track and field coaches
People from Natick, Massachusetts
People from Princeton, New Jersey
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Mercer County, New

masks: Fitzpatrick Fitzpatrick


title: Domenico Beccafumi

texts:
<mask>mi (1486May 18, 1551) was an Italian Renaissance-Mannerist painter active predominantly in Siena. He is considered one of the last undiluted representatives of the Sienese school of painting. Biography
<mask> was born in Montaperti, near Siena, the son of Giacomo di Pace, a peasant who worked on the estate of Lorenzo Beccafumi. Seeing his talent for drawing, Lorenzo adopted him, and commended him to learn painting from Mechero, a lesser Sienese artist. In 1509 he traveled to Rome, where he learned from the artists who had just done their first work in the Vatican, but soon returned to Siena. However, while the Roman forays of two Sienese artists of roughly his generation (Il Sodoma and Peruzzi) had imbued them with elements of the Umbrian-Florentine Classical style, Beccafumi's style remains, in striking ways, provincial. In Siena, he painted religious pieces for churches and of mythological decorations for private patrons, only mildly influenced by the gestured Mannerist trends dominating the neighboring Florentine school.There are medieval eccentricities, sometimes phantasmagoric, superfluous emotional detail and a misty non-linear, often jagged quality to his drawings, with primal tonality to his coloration that separates him from the classic Roman masters. Pavement of Duomo di Siena
In addition to painting, he also directed the celebrated pavement of the cathedral of Siena from 1517 to 1544, a task that took over a century and a half. The pavement shows vast designs in commesso work—white marble, that is, engraved with the outlines of the subject in black, and having borders inlaid with rich patterns in many colours. From the year Beccafumi was engaged in continuing this pavement, he made very ingenious improvements in the technical processes employed, and laid down scenes from the stories of Ahab and Elijah, of Melchisedec, of Abraham and of Moses. He made a triumphal arch and an immense mechanical horse for

masks:
Domenico di Pace Beccafu
Domenico


title: Domenico Beccafumi

texts:
 the procession of the emperor Charles V on his entry into Siena. Critical assessment and legacy

Compared to the equilibrated, geometric, and self-assured Florentine style, the Sienese style of painting edges into a more irrational and emotionally unbalanced world. Buildings are often transected, and perspectives awkward.The setting is often hallucinogenic; the colors, discordant. For example, in the Nativity (Church of San Martino) hovering angels form an architectural hoop, and figures enter from the shadows of a ruined arch. In his Annunciation, the Virgin resides in a world neither in day or dusk, she and the Angel Gabriel shine while the house is in shadows. In Christ in Limbo (Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena), an atypically represented topic, Christ sways in contrapposto as he enters a netherworld of ruins and souls. S.J. Freedberg compares his vibrant eccentric figures to those of the Florentine mannerist contemporary Rosso Fiorentino, yet more "optical and fluid". While all the elements of the expected religious scenes are here, it is like a play in which all the actors have taken atypical costumes, and forgotten some of their lines.In Medieval Italy, Siena had been an artistic, economic, and political rival of Florence; but wars and natural disasters caused a decline by the 15th century. Stylistically, Beccafumi is among the last in a line of Sienese artists, a medieval believer of miracles awaking in Renaissance reality. Drawing of Abraham
 St. Peter - -Woodcut, Cleveland Museum of Art
 Angels drawing (1524–25) -San Francisco

Gallery

References
Painting in Italy 1500–1600, S.J. Freedberg, (Penguin History of Art, 2nd Edition, 1983). Notes

External links

 <mask> in the "A World History of Art"
 <mask> Pace Beccafumi. paintings

Italian Renaissance painters
Italian Mannerist painters
Painters from Siena
1486 births
1551 deaths
Italian male painters
People from Castelnuovo Berardenga
16th-century Italian

masks:
Domenico Beccafumi
Domenico di


title: Juan Luna

texts:
<mask> (, ; October 23, 1857 – December 7, 1899) was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late 19th century. He became one of the first recognized Philippine artists. His winning the gold medal in the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts, along with the silver win of fellow Filipino painter Félix Resurrección Hidalgo, prompted a celebration which was a major highlight in the memoirs of members of the Propaganda Movement, with the fellow Ilustrados toasting to the two painters' good health and to the brotherhood between Spain and the Philippines. Regarded for work done in the manner of European academies of his time, <mask> painted literary and historical scenes, some with an underscore of political commentary. His allegorical works were inspired with classical balance, and often showed figures in theatrical poses. Biography

Early life
Born in the town of Badoc, Ilocos Norte in the northern Philippines, <mask> was the third among the seven children of <mask> Pedro y Posadas and Laureana Novicio y Ancheta. In 1861, the <mask> family moved to Manila and he went to Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree.He excelled in painting and drawing, and was influenced by his brother, Manuel N<mask>, who, according to Filipino patriot José Rizal, was a better painter than <mask> himself. <mask> enrolled at Escuela Nautica de Manila (now Philippine Merchant Marine Academy) and became a sailor. He took drawing lessons under the illustrious painting teacher Lorenzo Guerrero of Ermita, Manila. He also enrolled in the Academy of Fine Arts (Academia de Dibujo y Pintura) in Manila where he was influenced and taught how to draw by the Spanish artist Agustin Saez. However, <mask>'s vigorous brush strokes displeased his teacher and <mask> was discharged from the academy. However, Guerrero was impressed by his skill and urged <mask> to travel to Madrid to further pursue his work. Travel abroad
In

masks: Juan Luna de San Pedro y Novicio Ancheta


title: Juan Luna

texts:
 1875 Manuel and <mask> traveled to Europe, where Manuel studied music and Juan painting.<mask> entered the Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, where he befriended the painter Don Alejo Vera. <mask> was discontented with the style of teaching in school and decided that it would be much better to work with Vera. Vera brought him to Rome for some of his commissions, and <mask> was exposed to the art of the Renaissance painters. It was in 1878 when his artistic talents was established with the opening of the first art exposition in Madrid which was called the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes (National Demonstration of Fine Arts). From then on, <mask> became engrossed in painting and produced a collection of paintings that he exhibited in the 1881 Exposition. In 1881, his La Muerte de Cleopatra (The Death of Cleopatra) won him a silver medal and came in second place. <mask>'s growing reputation as an artist led to a pensionado (pension) scholarship at 600 pesos annually through the Ayuntamiento of Manila.The condition was that he was obliged to develop a painting which captured the essence of Philippine history which would then become the Ayuntamiento's property. Artistic career

In 1883 <mask> started the painting demanded of him by the Ayuntamiento. In May 1884, he shipped the large canvas of the Spoliarium to Madrid for the year's Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes. He was the first recipient of the three gold medals awarded in the exhibition and <mask> gained recognition among the connoisseurs and art critics present. On June 25, 1884, Filipino and Spanish nobles organized an event celebrating <mask>'s win in the exhibition. That evening, Rizal prepared a speech for his friend, addressing the two significant things of his art work, which included the glorification of genius and the grandeur of his artistic skills. <mask> developed a friendly relationship with King Alfonso XII and was later commissioned by the Spanish Senate to paint a large canvas which

masks:
Juan Luna
Juan
Luna
Luna
Luna
Luna
Luna
Luna
Luna
Luna


title: Juan Luna

texts:
 was called the La Batalla de Lepanto (The Battle of Lepanto).He moved to Paris in 1885 where he opened his own studio and befriended Hidalgo. A year after, he finished the piece El pacto de sangre (The Blood Compact) in accordance with the agreement he had with the Manila City Council. Depicted in this piece was the blood compact ceremony between the Datu Sikatuna, one of the lords in Bohol island, and the Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi. It is now displayed in the Malacañan Palace. He also sent two other paintings in addition to the one required; the second canvas sent to Manila was a portrait of López de Legazpi reconstructed by <mask> from his recollection of a similar portrait he saw in the hall of the Cabildo, and the third was of Governor-general Ramón Blanco y Erenas. In 1887, <mask> traveled back to Spain to enter in that year's Exposition two of his pieces, the La Batalla de Lepanto and Rendición de Granada (Surrender of Granada), which both won in the exhibition. He celebrated his triumph with his friends in Madrid with Graciano López-Jaena delivering the congratulatory speech.<mask>'s paintings are generally described as being vigorous and dramatic. With its elements of Romanticism, his style shows the influence of Delacroix, Rembrandt, and Daumier. In 2015, a <mask> masterpiece called ¿A Do...Va la Nave? sold for P46.8M at a Makati auction. Marriage
On December 4, 1886, <mask> married María de la Paz Pardo de Tavera, a sister of his friends Félix and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. The couple traveled to Venice and Rome and settled in Paris. They had one son, whom they named Andrés, and a daughter, María de la Paz, nicknamed Bibi, who died when she was three years old.<mask> was fond of his wife. However, the jealous <mask> frequently accused Paz of having an affair with a certain Monsieur Dussaq. Finally in a fit of jealousy, he shot the door wherein his wife was behind. Killing his wife and mother-in-law and wounded his brother-in-law Félix

masks: Luna Luna Luna Luna Luna Luna Luna


title: Juan Luna

texts:
 in the process, on September 22, 1892. He was arrested and murder charges were filed against him. <mask> was acquitted of charges on February 8, 1893, on the grounds of a crime of passion. Temporary insanity; the "unwritten law" at the time forgave men for killing unfaithful wives.He was ordered to pay the Pardo de Taveras a sum of one thousand six hundred fifty one francs and eighty three cents, and an additional twenty five francs for postage, in addition to the one franc of claims for damages ("dommages-intérêts"). Five days later, <mask> went to Madrid with his brother, <mask>, and his son, Andrés. Murcia

A few years later, in October 1889, the artist travelled to southeast Spain, Murcia, as contained in the news release at the time, was provisionally installed in Moratalla where he made a portrait of the daughter of <mask>, an eminent man in this town. Passing through Murcia gave two portraits of the Queen Regent had made to the Provincial and City Council, respectively, and one of these was acquired by the provincial body for five hundred seventy-five pesetas installed on top of the Hall of Sessions of the Provincial Palace and then going to the presidential office in April 1932, one year after the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic, enters as a deposit Museum of Murcia along with several official portraits of royal iconography, being included in the different inventories and catalogs without sufficient data or references, just a terse "DJ.LUNA" as artistic attribution. Final years

In 1894 <mask> moved back to the Philippines and traveled to Japan in 1896, returning during the Philippine Revolution of the Cry of Balintawak. On September 16, 1896, he and his brother <mask> were arrested by Spanish authorities for being involved with the Katipunan rebel army. Despite his imprisonment, <mask> was still able to produce a work of art which he gave to a visiting priest.He was pardoned by the Spanish courts on May 27, 1897, and was released from prison

masks:
Luna
Luna
Antonio Luna
Juan Tamayo
Luna
Antonio Luna
Luna


title: Juan Luna

texts:
 and he traveled back to Spain in July. He returned to Manila in November 1898. In 1898, he was appointed by the executive board of the Philippine revolutionary government as a member of the Paris delegation which was working for the diplomatic recognition of the República Filipina (Philippine Republic). In 1899, upon the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1898), <mask> was named a member of the delegation to Washington, D.C. to press for the recognition of the Philippine government. He traveled back to the Philippines in December 1899 upon hearing of the murder of his brother Antonio by the Kawit Battalion in Cabanatuan. Death
He traveled to Hong Kong and died there on December 7, 1899, from a heart attack. His remains were buried in Hong Kong and in 1920 were exhumed and kept in <mask>'s house, to be later transferred to a niche at the Crypt of San Agustin Church in the Philippines.Five years later, <mask> would be reinstated as a world-renowned artist and Peuple et Rois, his last major work, was acclaimed as the best entry to the Saint Louis World's Fair in St. Louis, Missouri. Some of his paintings were destroyed by fire in World War II. Media portrayal
Portrayed by Bryan Benedict in the 2014 TV series Ilustrado. See also
Spoliarium
The Blood Compact
España y Filipinas
Antonio <mask> Rizal
José Honorato Lozano
Damián Domingo
Fernando Amorsolo
Fabián de la Rosa
Justiniano Asuncion
Félix Resurrección Hidalgo

References

External links
INQUIRER.net: <mask>'s work
López Memorial Museum: <mask>

1857 births
1899 deaths
19th-century Filipino painters
Filipino portrait painters
Impressionist painters
Orientalist painters
Filipino sculptors
People of the Philippine Revolution
Filipino exiles
Filipinos imprisoned abroad
Filipino murderers
Filipino people of Spanish descent
Ilocano people
People from Ilocos Norte
People of Spanish colonial Philippines
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando alumni
Burials at San Agustin Church

masks:
Luna
Andrés Luna
Juan
Luna José
Juan Luna
Juan Luna


title: Austin Rivers

texts: <mask> (born August 1, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). <mask> led Winter Park High School to back-to-back Florida 6A state championships in 2010 and 2011. He also played in the 2011 Nike Hoop Summit for the Team USA, and was a McDonald's All-American. He was one of the top rated high school basketball players in the class of 2011, being rated as high as No. 1 by Rivals.com. On September 30, 2010, <mask> committed to Duke University. <mask> gained national recognition after making a game winning 3-pointer against Duke rival North Carolina in 2012.He was drafted with the 10th pick in the NBA draft by the New Orleans Hornets (now Pelicans),

masks:
Austin James Rivers
Rivers
Rivers
Rivers


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 playing three seasons there before being traded to the Los Angeles Clippers. After three years with the Clippers, he was traded to the Wizards in June 2018. In December 2018, he joined the Houston Rockets. On January 16, 2015, <mask> became the first player in NBA history to play for his father, coach <mask>, then-head coach of the Clippers. High school career
In 2010, <mask> led Winter Park High School to the school's first state title in a 76–57 win against Dr. Phillips High School in the 6A state championship. <mask> scored 23 points in the game. In June 2010, <mask> was a part of the gold medal winning team at the FIBA Americas U18 Championship where he set a Team USA record for an U18 event with 35 points against

masks:
Rivers
Doc Rivers
Rivers
Rivers
Rivers


title: Austin Rivers

texts: Canada.On August 5, 2010, <mask> was named to the fifth annual Boost Mobile Elite 24 game, where he was named co-MVP after he had 25 points, 4 rebounds and 4 assists. On September 30, 2010, <mask> committed to Duke University. His commitment was widely covered by ESPN and various other sports networks given his status as the Class of 2011's top recruit. He officially signed with the program on November 16, 2010. On March 5, 2011, <mask> led Winter Park to back to back Florida 6A state championships with a 52–44 victory over Dr. Phillips High School, in which he had 25 points, 11 rebounds and 4 steals. <mask> was named the 2011 Naismith Prep Player of the Year on March 10, 2011. He was also an All-American and All-State

masks: Rivers Rivers Rivers Rivers


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 honoree, and played in the 2011 Nike Hoop Summit for Team USA.College career

As a freshman, <mask> played in Duke's exhibition games in China and Dubai during an international tour in August 2011. In the first game against the China men's national basketball team, <mask> scored 18 points on 8–19 shooting and led Duke to a 77–64 victory. In the second game (also against the Chinese national team), <mask> scored 12 points in a 78–66 victory, making several dunks during the first half. In the final game played in Beijing, <mask> chipped in 11 points as Duke topped the Chinese, 93–78. In his team's 86–66 victory over the Dubai national team, he scored 16 points, including 10 in the second quarter, on an array of impressive


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 drives. On February 8, 2012, his three-point basket as time expired allowed Duke to overcome an 82–72 deficit with two minutes to play in an 85–84 victory over the University of North Carolina. The victory ended North Carolina's 31 game winning streak at the Dean Smith Center.On March 16, 2012, <mask>' college career ended in the "Round of 64" of the NCAA tournament, when Duke lost to Lehigh University. <mask> shot 5-14 from the field, while playing 34 minutes. Lehigh led for most of the game, earning their first NCAA Tournament victory. On March 26, 2012, <mask> declared for the NBA draft, foregoing his final three years of college eligibility. Professional career

New Orleans Hornets / Pelicans (2012–2015)

<mask> was


title: Austin Rivers

texts: selected by the New Orleans Hornets with the 10th overall pick the 2012 NBA draft. <mask> chose to wear the #25 jersey, the same number his father wore when he was in the NBA. The night before <mask> said, "I want to be like my dad, only better."Joining him as a rookie on the Hornets was Anthony Davis, the first overall pick of the draft. On July 24, 2012, <mask> signed his rookie scale contract with the Hornets. Three days later, <mask> underwent successful surgery to clean up bone spurs in his right ankle. On October 31, 2012, <mask> made his NBA debut in the Hornets' season opener against the San Antonio Spurs. In 24 minutes as a starter, he scored 7 points on 1-of-9 shooting in a 99–95 loss. On December 14, he scored a

masks: Rivers Rivers Rivers Rivers Rivers


title: Austin Rivers

texts: then career-high 27 points in a 113–102 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. On March 6, 2013, he broke his hand and subsequently required surgery that forced him to miss the remainder of the season.For his rookie season, he averaged 6.2 points on 37% shooting from the field and 33% from three-point range. In April 2013, the Hornets changed their name to the Pelicans. On October 16, 2013, the Pelicans exercised their third-year team option on <mask>' rookie scale contract, extending the contract through the 2014–15 season. On April 12, 2014, <mask> recorded season-highs in points and rebounds with 20 and 10 respectively in the Pelicans' 111–104 loss to the Houston Rockets. On October 24, 2014, the Pelicans declined to

masks: Rivers Rivers


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 exercise their fourth-year team option on <mask>' rookie scale contract, thereby not extending the contract through the 2015–16 season. On December 20, 2014, he scored a season-high 21 points in a 114–88 loss to the Portland Trail Blazers. Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2018)

On January 12, 2015, <mask> was traded to the Boston Celtics in a three-team trade involving the Pelicans and the Memphis Grizzlies.Three days later, he joined his father on the Los Angeles Clippers after he was traded in a three-team trade involving the Celtics and the Phoenix Suns. On January 16, <mask> made his debut for the Clippers and became the first son to play for his father in an NBA game. On February 21, <mask> scored a then career-high 28


title: Austin Rivers

texts: points in a 129–98 win over the Sacramento Kings. On May 8, he scored a playoff career-high 25 points in the Clippers' 124–99 victory that gave them a 2–1 lead in the Western Conference semi-finals against the Houston Rockets. On July 13, 2015, <mask> re-signed with the Clippers. On February 6, 2016, he was ruled out for four to six weeks with a broken left hand. On March 31, he scored a career-high 32 points in a 119–117 loss to the Oklahoma City Thunder.On April 29, <mask> recorded 21 points and eight assists against the Portland Trail Blazers in Game 6 of their first-round playoff series. However, with a 106–103 loss, the Clippers were eliminated from the playoffs. In the game, <mask> required 11 stitches above his left

masks: Rivers Rivers Rivers


title: Austin Rivers

texts: eye from a collision in the first quarter. On July 8, 2016, <mask> again re-signed with the Clippers. On December 14, 2016, he scored a season-high 25 points on 7-of-10 from three-point range and 9-of-12 from the field in a 113–108 win over the Orlando Magic. On January 4, 2017, he set a new season high with 28 points in a 115–106 win over the Memphis Grizzlies. He averaged career highs of 12.0 points, 2.2 rebounds and 2.8 assists during the 2016–17 regular season, but due to a strained left hamstring, <mask> missed the last six games of the regular season and the first four games of the playoffs before returning in Game 5 of the Clippers' first-round playoff series against the Utah Jazz.On December 3, 2017, <mask> scored a


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 season-high 30 points in a 112–106 loss to the Minnesota Timberwolves. On December 22, 2017, he scored 30 of his career-high 36 points in the second half of the Clippers' 128–118 win over the Houston Rockets. The following night, he set a new career high with 38 points in a 115–112 loss to the Memphis Grizzlies. <mask> missed 18 games between late December and early February with a heel bruise. Washington Wizards (2018)
On June 26, 2018, <mask> was traded to the Washington Wizards in exchange for Marcin Gortat. On December 17, 2018, <mask> was traded with Kelly Oubre Jr. to the Phoenix Suns for Trevor Ariza. <mask> was waived by the Suns the following day.Houston Rockets (2018–2020)
On December 24, 2018, <mask> signed with


title: Austin Rivers

texts: the Houston Rockets. On January 5, 2019, he scored a season-high 21 points in a 110–101 loss to the Portland Trail Blazers. On April 7, in a 149–113 blowout win against the Phoenix Suns, <mask> made the 27th three-pointer of the game with 1:09 left on the clock in the fourth quarter, beating the Rockets’ own previous record of most made threes by one team in a game (26). He appeared in 47 games while averaging 8.7 points, 2.3 assists and 1.9 rebounds in 28.6 minutes per game. The Rockets won 72% of their games after signing <mask>. He started 13 straight games as a Rocket from Dec. 31 through Jan. 25, averaging 11.6 points, 3.8 assists and 2.7 rebounds in 38.1 minutes per game. Houston was 15–5 when <mask> scored in


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 double-figures and 9–1 when he recorded at least four assists.He also had nearly as many steals (29) as turnovers (32) with the Rockets. On August 9, 2020, <mask> scored a career-high 41 points off the bench and the Rockets used a big third quarter to pull away and cruise to a 129-112 victory over the Sacramento Kings in the Orlando bubble. <mask> made six 3-pointers as Houston improved to 4-1 at Disney on a night the Rockets played a second straight game without Russell Westbrook, who had a bruised right quadriceps. New York Knicks (2020–2021)
On November 27, 2020, <mask> was acquired by the New York Knicks via a sign-and-trade deal. On March 25, 2021, <mask> was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder in a three team trade


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 and was waived three days later. Denver Nuggets (2021–present)
On April 20, 2021, the Denver Nuggets signed <mask> to a 10-day contract following a season ending injury sustained by Jamal Murray. Ten days later, he was signed for the rest of the season.On September 1, 2021, <mask> re-signed with the Nuggets. Career statistics

NBA

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| 61 || 26 || 23.2 || .372 || .326 || .546 || 1.8 || 2.1 || .4 || .1 || 6.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| 69 || 4 || 19.4 || .405 || .364 || .636 || 1.9 || 2.3 || .7 || .1 || 7.7
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|New Orleans
| 35 || 3 || 22.1 ||


title: Austin Rivers

texts:
 24.0 || .426 || .235 || .667 || 2.7 || 2.7 || .5 || .0 || 10.3
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2017
| style="text-align:left;"|L.A.His older brother, Jeremiah, played basketball for Georgetown and Indiana and later joined the Maine Red Claws, while his older sister Callie played volleyball for the University of Florida and is married to his former Duke teammate Seth Curry. His younger brother, Spencer, is a guard who currently plays for UC Irvine. He was named <mask> after former Cleveland Cavaliers guard <mask>, while his middle name, James, is in honor of his great-uncle Jim Brewer. His first child with Brittany Hotard, Kayden, was born in 2018. <mask>' second child, a son with Audreyana Michelle, was born in March 2021.

masks:
Austin
Austin Carr
Rivers


title: Abraha

texts:
<mask> (Ge’ez: አብርሃ) (also spelled Abreha, died after CE 570; r. 525–at least 553), also known as <mask> (), was an  Aksumite army general, then the viceroy of South Arabia for the Kingdom of Aksum, and later declared himself an independent King of Himyar. <mask> ruled much of present-day Arabia and Yemen from at least 531–547 CE to 555–570 CE. Life
Dhu Nuwas, the Jewish Himyarite ruler of Yemen, in the period c. 523–525 or c. 518–20 launched military operations against the Aksumite Christians and their local Arab Christian allies. The Aksumites in Zafar were killed, their fortresses in the Yemeni highlands destroyed, and Najran sacked. Najran fell in 518 or 523 and many members of the Himyarite Christian community were put to death. This incident also mentioned in the Quran in Sura #85-Al-Burooj evoking great sympathy throughout the Christian regions of the Orient and prompting an intercontinental Aksumite military intervention using the massive Aksumite fleet aided by a small extra Byzantine fleet first made in 518/523. Procopius identifies Abraha as the former slave of a Roman merchant who did business in Adulis.Later, <mask> was either one of the commanders or a member of one of the armies led by King Kaleb of Axum against Dhu Nuwas. In al-Tabari's history, '<mask> is said to have been the commander of the second army sent by Kaléb after the first failed, led by 'Ariat. <mask> was reported to have led his army of 100,000 men with hundreds of elephants to successfully crush all resistance of the Yemeni army and then, following the suicide of Dhu Nuwas, seized power and established himself at

masks:
Abraha
Abrahah al Ashram
Abraha
Abraha
Abraha
Abraha


title: Abraha

texts:
 Sanaa. He aroused the wrath of Kaléb, however, by withholding tribute who then sent his general 'Ariat to take over the governorship of Yemen. '<mask> rid himself of the latter by a subterfuge in a duel resulting in 'Ariat being killed and 'Abraha suffering the injury which earned him the sobriquet of al-Asräm, "scar-face." <mask>'s nose had either been lost in battle or had fallen in owing to some disease. According to Procopius, 'Abraha seized control of Yemen from Esimiphaios (Sumuafa' Ashawa'), the Christian Himyarite viceroy appointed by Kaléb, with the support of dissident elements within the Aksum occupation force who were eager to settle in the Yemen, then a rich and fertile land.Stuart Munro-Hay, who proposes a 518 date for the rise of Dhu Nuwas, dates this event to 525, while by the later chronology (in which Dhu Nuwas comes to power in 523), this event would have happened about 530, although a date as late as 543 has been postulated by Jacques Ryckmans. An army sent by Kaléb to subdue '<mask> joined his ranks and killed the ruler sent to replace him (this is perhaps a reference to 'Ariat) and a second army was defeated. After this Kaléb had to accord him de facto recognition before earning recognition under Kaleb's successor for a nominal tribute. Rule

<mask> is seen as then becoming a prominent figure in Yemen's history, promoting the cause of Christianity in the face of the prevalent Judaism and the paganism of Central Arabia. A zealous Christian himself, he is said to have built a great church at San'a' (in competition of the Kaaba located in Mecca which was the most prominent

masks: Abraha Abraha Abraha Abraha


title: Abraha

texts:
 religious site in all of Arabia) and to have repaired the principal irrigation dam at the Sabaean capital of Marib. Epigraphic sources chronicling '<mask>'s career include an inscription on the Marib Dam recording the quelling of an insurrection backed by a son of the deposed ruler, Esimiphaios, in the year 657 of the Sabaean era, i.e. between 540–550; vital repairs effected to the dam later in the same year; the reception of envoys from the Negus, from Byzantium, from Persia and from Al-Harith ibn Jabalah, the phylarch of Arabia; and the completion of repairs to the dam in the following year, followed by a great feast of rejoicing.The royal title adopted by '<mask> "King of Saba' and dhü-Raydän and Hadhramaut and Yamanat and of their Arabs on the plateau and the lowland." was of the Himyarites

National Museum of Saudi Arabia
According to the National Museum of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh, <mask> built Al-Qullays in Sana'a. He also built a similar one in Najran for Bani Al-Harith, the House of Allat in Taif for the tribe of Thaqeef, the House of Yareem and the House of Ghamdan in Yemen. The traditions also say that <mask> is said to have built a cathedral at San'a' known as al-Qullays (from the Greek Ekklesia) to rival the Kaaba at Mecca and specifically came with his forces of elephants to destroy the Kaaba. Death

Munro-Hay dates his death to some time after 553 based on the inscription at Murayghän. Islamic tradition places it immediately after his expedition to Mecca. He was succeeded on the throne by two of his sons, Yaksum and Masruq, born to him by Raihäna, a Yemenite noblewoman whom


title: Abraha

texts:
 'Abraha had abducted from her husband.Between 570 and 575 the pro-Persian group in Yemen made contact with the Sassanid king through the Lakhmid princes in Al-Hirah. The Persians then sent troops under the command of Wahriz, who helped the semi-legendary Sayf ibn Dhi Yazan drive the Aksumites from Yemen and Southern Arabia became a Persian dominion under a Yemenite vassal within the sphere of influence of the Sassanian empire. Islamic tradition

Islamic tradition credits Abraha with a military expedition against the Quraysh of Mecca in an invasion of the Hejaz in 570, known as the Year of the Elephant. According to these Islamic traditions, Abraha was building a cathedral in the city of Sanaa to act as a centre for pilgrimage. Realizing that the Kaaba was already in use for such a purpose, <mask> set out to destroy the Kaaba in order for all the pilgrims to direct themselves to his new cathedral and maximize his profits. Abraha had an army of elephants in the expeditionary forces. Muhammad's paternal grandfather, Abd al-Muttalib, put the favour in God's hands, realizing that he could not take on the forces of Abraha.As Abraha's forces approached the city, the story goes:

The next day, as they prepared for battle, they discovered that their elephant (called Mahmud, a good Islamic name) refused to approach Mecca. Even worse, birds came from the sea, each of which brought three small stones, which they dropped on the soldiers of Abraha. Everyone hit by these stones was killed. <mask> himself was hit repeatedly and slowly dismembered. By the time he reached Sanua, he had nothing but a miserable

masks: Abraha Abraha


title: Abraha

texts:
 stump of a body. His heart burst from his chest, and he died. So the year of the War of the Elephant was a year of death.But it was also a year of life, for in that same year Muhammad was born. Outside of later Islamic tradition, there is no mention of <mask>'s expedition, including from <mask>'s own inscriptions. Historical-critical scholars see the story as a later Islamic tradition designed to explain the "Men of the Elephant" in Qur'an 105:1-5. However, recent findings of Himyaritic inscriptions describe an hitherto unknown expedition of <mask>, which subsequently led Gajda et al to identify this expedition as the failed conquest of Mecca. In addition, scholar Christian Julien Robin notes that the historicity of a failed expedition is completely plausible, given that the Quraysh, despite their small number and poverty, quickly rose to prominence in the following years, evidenced by the great fair of Quraysh, held in al-ʿUkāẓ, as well as the ḥums cultural association, which associated members of tribes of Western Arabia with the Mecca sanctuary. On the other hand, Daniel Beck notes several issues with the story. For one, African war elephants hadn't been used in the region for over 600 years.It is also difficult to explain how Abraha would have gotten a hold on African war elephants in Arabia. Furthermore, Qur'an 105 appears to be appealing to traditions from 2 Maccabees, and not referencing any expedition on Abraha's part. See also
Kingdom of Aksum
Shaiba ibn Hashim

References

Aksumite Empire people
6th-century soldiers
6th-century viceregal rulers
Pre-Islamic Arabia
Yemeni

masks: Abraha Abraha Abraha


title: Meg Wheatley

texts:
Margaret (<mask><mask> (born 1944) is an American writer, teacher, speaker, and management consultant who works to create organizations and communities worthy of human habitation. She draws from many disciplines: organizational behavior, chaos theory, living systems science, ancient spiritual traditions, history, sociology, and anthropology. Early life and education
Born in Yonkers, New York, in 1944, to an English father who was a mechanic running a foreign car service and a Jewish-American mother, Wheatley grew up in the New York City area. Her grandmother, Irma Lindheim, was a well-known activist, writer, and fund-raiser for the creation of the state of Israel. Lindheim lived in the kibbutz Mishmar HaEmek, frequently visiting her family in the U.S.A. She was <mask>’s primary guide and role model. <mask> graduated from Lincoln High School (Yonkers, New York), in 1962. She completed her baccalaureate degree in 1966 at the University of Rochester, where she majored in English and history, and spent her junior year abroad at the University College London.From 1966–1968, <mask> served in the Peace Corps in Cholla Namdo Province, Korea, teaching high school English. She returned from Korea via the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and recalled she and her travelling companion were assumed to be CIA agents in the Peace Corps, and were called "thugs wearing peace masks." Advised by Neil Postman, <mask> received her M.A. in communications and systems thinking from New York University. She moved to the Boston, Massachusetts area when she was 30 years old to earn her Ed.D. in Administration, Planning, and Social Policy at Harvard Graduate School of Education. Her dissertation was titled Equal Employment Opportunity Awareness Training: the Influence of Theories of Attitude Change and Adult

masks:
Meg
) Wheatley
Wheatley
Wheatley
Wheatley
Wheatley


title: Meg Wheatley

texts:
 Learning in the Corporate Setting.In 1977, while completing her doctoral work at Harvard, <mask> married a widower who had five children aged five to sixteen. They added two more children together for a total of six boys and one girl. They divorced in 1992 and remain a very strong and loving Italian-American family. As of 2020, there are 23 grandchildren and six great- grandchildren. Most of the family lives in Utah, where <mask> has resided since 1989. Career
Her practice as an organizational consultant and researcher began in 1973  working with Rosabeth Moss Kanter in the firm Goodmeasure, Cambridge MA. Kanter mentored her well and is the reason <mask> moved so quickly into being both a keynote speaker and author.Since 1973 <mask> has worked on every inhabited continent in "virtually every type of organization"  and with people in all positions, from government prime ministers to small town religious ministers, from teen-age social entrepreneurs to corporate CEOs, from the head of the U.S. Army to the Dalai Lama. She considers herself a global citizen since her youth. Wheatly has been Associate Professor of Management in two graduate programs: the Marriott School of Management, Brigham Young University, and Cambridge College, Massachusetts. She served in a formal advisory capacity for leadership programs in England, Croatia, Denmark, Australia, and the United States. Through the Berkana Institute, (a global charitable leadership foundation, founded by <mask> and friends in 1991) she worked with leadership initiatives in India, Senegal, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Mexico, and Brazil as well as Europe. The Berkana Institute has worked globally (especially in the Global South) with dedicated, creative, spiritually-grounded leaders, all of whom are experimenting with new forms of

masks: Wheatley Wheatley Wheatley Wheatley Wheatley


title: Meg Wheatley

texts:
 leading and organizing. Berkana’s current work is training leaders and activists as Warriors for the Human Spirit.<mask> has a strong spiritual practice. From 2010 to 2018, she did long winter retreats  to Gampo Abbey, a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Nova Scotia, under the direction of her teacher, Pema Chödrön. She cites Namkhai Norbu who died in 2018 as her Tibetan teacher. She is now a student of the Indian mystic and yogi,  Sadhguru. Awards and tributes
<mask> has received multiple awards and honorary doctorates. In 1992, her first book, Leadership and the New Science, won the award from Industry Week as the best management book, as well as one of CIO Magazine's "Top Ten Business Books of the 1990s," and one of Xerox Corporation's "Top Ten Business Books of all time." The American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) has named her one of five living legends.In May 2002, ASTD awarded her their highest honor: "Distinguished Contribution to Workplace Learning and Performance," with the following citation:

She was elected to the Leonardo da Vinci Society for the Study of Thinking in 2005. In 2010, she was appointed to the National Park Service advisory board by the Obama White House and the United States Secretary of the Interior, Ken Salazar. She served until 2018 when the twelve member advisors resigned en masse in protest of the new policies of the government of President Donald Trump. She received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Leadership Association (ILA) in 2014. An interviewer from ILA said:

The introduction to her interview with staff from the Association for Talent Development notes, "<mask> writes, teaches, and speaks about radically new practices and ideas for organizing in chaotic times. She works to create organizations of all types

masks:
Wheatley
Margaret Wheatley
Meg Wheatley


title: Meg Wheatley

texts:
 where people are known as the blessing, not the problem. Her last book, Turning to One Another: Simple Conversations to Restore Hope to the Future, proposes that real social change comes from the ageless process of people thinking together in conversation."In 2016, <mask> was honored with the Clara Snell Woodbury Distinguished Leadership Award, as well as recognition from Leadership California. Publications
Her books include:

 1992. Leadership and the New Science: Discovering Order in a Chaotic World (in 3 editions and 20 languages), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 1998. A Simpler Way (with Myron Kellner-Rogers), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2002. Turning to One Another: Simple Conversations to Restore Hope to the Future, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; .2007. Finding Our Way: Leadership for an Uncertain Time, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2010. Perseverance (paintings by Asante Salaam), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2011. Walk Out Walk On: A Learning Journey into Communities Daring to Live the Future Now (with Deborah Frieze), Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2012.So Far From Home: Lost and Found in Our Brave New World, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2014 How Does Raven Know: Entering Sacred World /A Meditative Memoir,  Berkana Publications;
 2017. Who Do We Choose to Be? : Facing Reality, Claiming Leadership, Restoring Sanity, Berrett-Koehler Publishers; . 2020. Warriors for the Human Spirit: A Songline. A Journey Guided By Voice And Sound. An mp3 with accompanying book.(music by Jerry Granelli), Berkana Publications; . References

External links
 Margaret J. Wheatley homepage

1944 births
American management consultants
American non-fiction writers
Brigham Young University faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
Living people
New York University alumni
Peace Corps


title: Charles Nelson (businessman)

texts:
<mask> (July 4, 1835 – December 13, 1891) was a prominent businessman and distiller in Middle Tennessee who was well known for his contributions to the banking, rail, music, and whiskey industries, among others. <mask> was the owner of <mask>'s Greenbrier Distillery, which until American Prohibition, was one of the largest producers of whiskey in the United States. Early life

<mask> was born on July 4, 1835, in Hagenow, a small town in the Mecklenburg-Schwerin state of northern Germany. He was the oldest of six children whose father was a successful soap and candle manufacturer. In 1850, the <mask>s embarked for the United States on the Helena Sloman, with <mask>’s father converting all of the family’s wealth to gold that he carried on his person, concealed by clothing he had made especially for that purpose. During the voyage, the Helena Sloman encountered storms with gale-force winds, which resulted in many of the passengers being thrown overboard – The <mask> patriarch was one of these passengers, and with the weight of his family’s fortune strapped to his person, he was pulled to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean. <mask>, along with his mother, brother, and four sisters, arrived in New York City with nothing but the clothes on their backs.While the mother looked after the young children, <mask> and his brother found work with Hayes & Schultz Co., a producer of soap and candles in New York City. The family remained in New York for approximately two years before relocating to Cincinnati, Ohio, where <mask> began working as a butcher, an experience which later helped him to open a grocery store under the name Blersch & Nelson. Move to Nashville

In 1857, <mask> moved to Nashville, Tennessee, opening another grocery branch

masks:
Charles Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Charles
Charles
Nelson
Charles


title: Charles Nelson (businessman)

texts:
 under the name Nelson & Pfeiffer. <mask>’s store quickly flourished, and became known especially for three products: coffee, meat, and whiskey. <mask> saw whiskey as the most profitable of his products, and began to concentrate solely on the production and bottling of his spirit. Among his more noteworthy sales techniques, it is known that <mask> was one of the first to sell whiskey by the bottle rather than the jug or barrel. According to family records, <mask> encouraged his coffee delivery boy, Joel Cheek, to take his blend to the Maxwell House Hotel in downtown Nashville, where it later was famously proclaimed as “good to the last drop”.<mask> also encouraged his butcher, Horace G. Hill, to start his own business, which became known as H.G. Hill Food Stores and continues to operate as a Nashville-based company. The beginnings of a distillery

Under the company name Chas. Nelson & Co., <mask> sought to expand the production of his whiskey – He had begun distilling his product through a contract distiller in the Nashville area before purchasing the Green Brier Distillery in Greenbrier, Tennessee, a small town in the surrounding Robertson County area, in 1867. The distillery, which was commonly known as “Old Number Five” due to the fact that it was registered distillery number five and was located in the fifth tax district, quickly saw its production increase under <mask>’s leadership, eventually becoming the largest producer of Tennessee whiskey in the county. <mask>’s Green Brier Distillery’s increased production capacity was due, at least in part, to the H.H. Kirk patent for improved distillation that <mask> bought in 1868.Although <mask> did not own the distillery outright until 1867, his whiskey was trademarked in

masks:
Nelson
Nelson
Charles
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Charles Nelson
Nelson


title: Charles Nelson (businessman)

texts:
 1860, making it one of the oldest trademarked liquors in the United States. The popularity of the brand, “<mask>’s Green Brier Tennessee Whiskey” was growing at such a rapid rate, that by 1885, the distillery was producing 380,000 gallons of whiskey per year, making it the largest producer in Robertson County. In comparison, the annual production capacity of Jack Daniel’s distillery in Lynchburg, Tennessee was 23,000 gallons. <mask> was also on the forefront of marketing and advertising at the time, giving away sets of calendars with pictures of beautiful women, originally painted by artists such as Henri Rondel, G.T. Collins, and Angelo Asti (known as one of the fathers of pin-up art), to promote his brand. Other business ventures

<mask> was also highly involved in ventures outside of distilling whiskey, such as music, banking and rail.. In fact, <mask>’s Green Brier Distillery was the primary reason that the small town of Greenbrier had a rail station built in order to transport ingredients and products to and from the distillery.He was also one of the founders of both the Nashville Trust Company and the Nashville Musical Union, and the first president of each of those organizations. “<mask> felt strongly about the creation of such a company for the city that by this time was growing at a rapid rate. Mr. <mask> was in the fullest sense a public-spirited citizen. Every enterprise intended for the good of Nashville received his hearty support and generous help. He was a man not of words but of actions. As an example of this it may be mentioned that when it was proposed several years ago to establish a Musical Union and a meeting was held at the Maxwell House for that purpose, Mr. <mask> arose after everyone else had

masks:
Nelson
Charles Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson


title: Charles Nelson (businessman)

texts:
 spoken and announced that he had come to join the enterprise, and that he wished all the members of his family to be enrolled as life members, and subscribed $200 on the spot. He was the Union’s first President.That was Mr. <mask>’s way, he went into everything heartily, and to this may be attributed the success that attended every enterprise with which he was connected. Mr. <mask>’s charity was bounded only by his means, or by the cause that appealed to him. He never gave grudgingly, but with a lavish hand.” Daily American Newspaper (December 14, 1891)

Personal life

<mask>’s first son, <mask> Jr. was the result of his first marriage, which was short-lived due to the death of his wife. He married his second wife, Louisa Rohlfing on March 4, 1863, and except for a brief stint in Cincinnati, Ohio, the <mask>s resided in Nashville. His second marriage produced two sons and three daughters (William, Henry, Emma, Alice, and Louise), all of whom were college educated; the boys at Harvard University and the girls at Vassar College. He was survived by his wife Louisa and all six of his children, including <mask>, Jr.

His obituary said:
The home life of Mr. <mask> was ideally beautiful. Business cares never crossed the threshold.When he hung up his hat he laid down his cares, burying himself in the bosom of his family. He was not only a father upon whom his children could lean but he was to them a companion in whom they could confide and with whom they could make free. He was to them at one and the same time father, brother, sweetheart and friend. Stern when sternness was necessary, yet gentleness was the prevailing ingredient of his royal nature. He ruled by the divine attribute of love, and if his children feared him it was

masks:
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Charles Nelson
Nelson
Charles
Nelson


title: Charles Nelson (businessman)

texts:
 not the fear that he would visit punishment upon them, but the fear that they might displease him. In all family matters he would with knightly grace defer to his beloved wife, whose word to him was law. Seldom do we find a happier more perfect home than this one.All that cultivated taste could suggest or wealth provide were to be found in this beautiful home. At Christmas time, and on July 4, Mr. <mask>’s birthday, the children were summoned whether at school in Massachusetts or New York, to the family gathering. These were the two days when joy was unconfined. Until Mr. <mask>’s children were grown, Mr. <mask> had been accustomed to provide a Christmas tree and a surprise for the children and the good wife. When the children were grown they provided the Christmas tree and prepared surprises for the father. Thus the family was bound together by ties that only death could sever, and even death cannot break such bonds, for they live in the heart always. Mr. <mask>, accompanied by his wife and children, has several times visited Europe, and on each occasion he paid his native town a visit, always bestowing upon the place some token as a mark of love and affection for his first home.It is said that whenever he visited Hagenow the natives turned out en masse to greet him. This was natural, for he was a son of whom the little German town could well be proud, and upon whom such an honor was worthily bestowed. Though foreign born, Mr. <mask> always declared himself, heart and soul, an American. He was loyal to the country of his adoption, while cherishing a natural and proper affection for the land of his birth. -Daily American Newspaper (December 14, 1891)

1835 births
1891 deaths
People from Hagenow
Grand Duchy of

masks: Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson


title: Willi Smith

texts:
<mask> (February 29, 1948 – April 17, 1987) was an American fashion designer. At the time of his death, <mask> was regarded as one of the most successful African-American designers in the fashion industry. His company, WilliWear Limited, launched in 1976 and by 1986 grossed over $25 million in sales. After <mask>'s death, his business partner, Laurie Mallet, continued the line with various designers creating collections. Without <mask>, the company foundered and due to financial problems and poor sales, WilliWear Limited ceased production in 1990. WilliWear was the first clothing company to create womenswear and menswear under the same label. The accessibility and affordability of <mask>'s clothing helped to democratize fashion.Early years
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to <mask> <mask>, an iron worker, and June Eileen <mask>, a homemaker, both of whom were extremely clothes-conscious. <mask>'s grandmother was the housekeeper for a family that was close with designer Arnold Scaasi, and she helped her grandson get an internship with Scaasi. <mask> helped with the design of clothing for Elizabeth Taylor. As a boy, <mask> spent hours sketching on the floor of his home and at the Philadelphia Museum College of Art. When reflecting on his childhood, <mask> once stated, "I loved to draw and design clothes, and my mother told me I was born to be an artist or designer." After his parents divorced, his grandmother, Gladys Bush, nurtured and motivated <mask> to pursue his dreams in design. Education
<mask> studied commercial art at Mastbaum Technical High School and attended Philadelphia Museum College of Art, taking a course in fashion

masks:
Willi Donnell Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Willie Lee
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Willi Smith

texts:
 illustration.He then moved to New York City to go to Parsons The New School for Design, the art and design college of The New School. He received two scholarships to fund his studies at Parsons. In 1965, <mask> interned for couturier Arnold Scaasi, and began studying fashion design at Parsons in the fall while taking liberal arts classes at New York University. Designer Arthur McGee had served as <mask>'s mentor. Career
In 1967, <mask> left Parsons and pursued a career designing on his own. He first sought design inspiration from what people wore on the streets of New York. He befriended model Bethann Hardison in 1967 after striking up a conversation about her style on the street.Hardison became the fit model for <mask>'s designs and a close friend. From 1969 to 1973, <mask> worked as lead designer for the junior sportswear label Digits. <mask> met future business partner and lifelong friend Laurie Mallet in 1970 while Mallet was in New York for a holiday break and hired her as his design assistant at Digits in 1971. The following year, 1972, <mask> was nominated for the Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award for his work as lead designer at Digits. In 1973, <mask> was nominated for the Coty American Fashion Critics’ Winnie Award for the second time, and began designing patterns for the commercial pattern company Butterick. <mask> resigned from Digits later that same year and Digits went bankrupt shortly after. In 1974, <mask> partnered with his sister Toukie <mask> and close friend Harrison Rivera-Terreaux to form his own label Willi Smith Designs, Inc. Unfamiliar at the time with the business aspect of running a label, the company struggled and

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Willi Smith

texts:
 closed a few months later.<mask> continued to design and, in 1976, traveled to Bombay (Mumbai) India with Mallet to produce a small collection of women's separates in natural fibers. The collection was a success, and soon after, Smith and Mallet formed the label WilliWear Ltd., with Mallet as President of the company and <mask> <mask> as Vice President and lead designer. The first Williwear fashion show was held at the Holly Solomon Gallery in the Spring of 1978 and showcased a collection of garments “influenced by nautical uniforms and Southeast Asian dress.” Subsequent WilliWear fashion shows were held in unconventional locations such as Alvin Ailey Studio and the Puck Building. WilliWear was a massive success, providing chic, stylish clothing for the modern woman, and later men, at affordable prices and in natural fabrics. In 1982, <mask> produced the first WilliWear men's collection with Stuart Lazar as Executive Vice President of menswear. <mask> also hired Mark Bozek as head of communications for WilliWear that same year. After receiving his fifth Coty Award nomination, <mask> <mask> won the Coty American Fashion Critics’ Award in 1983.WilliWear produced several hallmark collections from 1982 to 1986, and in 1986 the company reached $25 million in sales. Smith and Mallet further enriched the reputation of the brand through artist collaborations. After <mask>'s death, on April 17, 1987, Mallet continued to run WilliWear. However, without its visionary namesake, the company faltered and ceased production in 1990. Andre Walker was one of the designers hired to lead the brand after <mask>'s death. Collaborations
<mask> <mask> was an avid patron

masks: Smith Willi Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith


title: Willi Smith

texts: of the arts and collaborated with an extensive group of artists from 1973 up until his death in 1987. He designed costumes for choreographer Dianne McIntyre’s productions The Lost Sun (1973), The Deep South Suite (1976), and Take-Off From a Forced Landing (1984).<mask> also designed costumes for the Bill T. Jones/Arnie Zane Dance Company’s performance Secret Pastures (1984), as well as for Ellen Stewart's La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club's production Cotton-Club Gala (1985). Smith and Mallet also collaborated with twenty-one contemporary artists in 1984 to design T-shirts with silk-screened artwork. These T-shirts displayed original work by artists including Keith Haring, Christo, SITE, Suzan Pitt, Les Levine, Edwin Schlossberg, Kim Steele, Jose Gracia Severo, Barbara Kruger, Lynn Hershman, Jenny Holzer, Tod Siler, Dan Friedman, and Andrew "Zephyr" Witten. The shirts were a part of the WilliWear Productions’ collection and video presentation Made in New York (1984). Made in New York, directed by Les Levine, was the first short film project that WilliWear commissioned to present <mask>'s clothes in motion on the street and to combine the disciplines of art, fashion, and film in one form. In 1985, <mask> also worked with Max Vadukul to direct the short film Expedition, which was shot in Senegal and showcased ensembles inspired by Senegalese street fashion. Expedition debuted in New York at the Ziegfeld theater.<mask> showcased his designs through film in Made in New York (1984) and Expedition (1985), as well as for film in Spike Lee’s School Daze (1987), creating the homecoming court costumes. Elements of film were also included in the presentation

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Willi Smith

texts:
 of the Fall 1983 WilliWear collection "Street Couture", held at the Puck Building, and incorporated video art by Juan Downey, music by Jorge Socarras, and makeup by Linda Mason. The presentation of  the Spring 1983 WilliWear collection "City Island", featured video art, which was created by artist Nam June Paik. Other significant WilliWear collections include the Fall 1984 collection "SUB-Urban", Spring 1985 collection "Sightseeing", the 1984 collection for WilliWear Productions’ Made in New York, and the 1985 collection for Expedition. From 1982 to 1987, WilliWear showrooms and boutiques in New York City and London were designed by the conceptual design and architecture studio SITE, led by partners Alison Sky and James Wines. For the WilliWear showroom on 209 W 38th Street in New York City, SITE partnered with <mask> and Mallet to design a monochrome streetscape with a sidewalk doubling as a runway and chain-link fencing serving as display racks. Additionally, <mask> designed the suits for Edwin Schlossberg and his groomsmen when he married Caroline Kennedy, in 1986, and designed the wedding dress worn by Mary Jane Watson when she married Peter Parker in the Amazing Spider-Man Annual #21, in 1987.<mask> also designed the uniforms for the workers on Jeanne-Claude and Christo's 1983 installation Surrounded Islands as well as for Pont Neuf Wrapped (1985) in Paris, France. Death
On April 16, 1987, <mask> was admitted to Mt. Sinai Medical Center in New York City after contracting shigella and pneumonia while on a fabric buying trip to India in February 1987. He died of pneumonia complicated by shigella the following day at the age of 39. According to


title: Willi Smith

texts:
 <mask>'s lawyer Edward Hayes, <mask>'s death was AIDS-related. <mask> was apparently unaware that he had contracted the virus and had shown no symptoms. It was only after he was hospitalized that tests revealed he was HIV positive.Mallet later said that while the designer was always "fragile" and often too sick to work, she did not feel that he was seriously ill. When asked if <mask> had any idea that he had AIDS, Mallet said that <mask> never confided this to her, but she felt "maybe he had some idea, some feeling." <mask>'s funeral was held on April 20 at the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel in Manhattan, after which his remains were cremated. On May 1, 1987, a memorial service was held for <mask> at his alma mater, Parsons The New School for Design. <mask>, who was openly gay, has a panel in the original NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. <mask> is also lamented in a poem "Speak: A Poem for the Millennium March", by Keith Boykin, read by its author for the Millennium March on Washington for Equality on April 29, 2000. Legacy
<mask> <mask> was one of the first American designers to create clothing inspired by and for everyday people and what they wore on city streets – making his sportswear a bridge to commercial streetwear.<mask> also sourced natural fabrics from India for WilliWear collections. The designer blurred the lines of gendered fashion in American sportswear with garments created for both his WilliWear Men's and Women's collections. <mask> also played a key role in the democratization of fashion by keeping WilliWear at an affordable price-point, as well as by partnering with pattern companies Butterick and McCall's to produce home

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Willi Smith Smith Smith


title: Willi Smith

texts: sewing patterns of his collections. He sought not to target an exclusive clientele with his work, but instead to ensure that his clothing could be worn by people from varied backgrounds. <mask>'s label WilliWear set the stage for later streetwear brands such as FUBU and WalkerWear. <mask>'s gender-neutral collections for WilliWear can be seen as precursors for contemporary gender-neutral brands such as One DNA and the Phluid Project. <mask>'s influence can also be seen in brands such as Supreme, Off-White, Telfar, Vaquera, Eckhaus Latta and Pyer Moss.Additionally, many young designers and artists worked at WilliWear before launching their own successful careers and labels, including Antthony Mark Hankins, James Mischka, Jon Coffelt, John Bartlett, and Andre Walker, among many others. While WilliWear was very successful, the company had experienced creative, quality, and merchandising problems in the year before <mask>'s death. In an effort to remedy these problems, <mask>'s business partner Laurie Mallet hired a new staff and brought in additional designers in an effort to appeal to a more sophisticated demographic. After <mask>'s death, Mallet vowed to continue the line. In late 1987 and 1988, she opened WilliWear stores in Paris and New York City (a London location was opened before <mask>'s death which proved to be very successful). However, Mallet struggled to maintain the success the line had when <mask> was alive. By 1989, sales had decreased.In November 1989, Mallet hired then up and coming designer Andre Young to design the line's Fall 1990 collection. Upon its debut in April, the line was panned by critics. To save money, Mallet closed

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith