title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 Federation of Islamic Councils head Ikebal Patel said no Islamic community leaders knew anything about Monis and believed he "could be a fake deliberately stirring up anti-Islamic sentiment". On 28 January 2008, Australia's senior Shia leader and head of Supreme Islamic Shia Council of Australia, Kamal Mousselmani, told The Australian that Monis "was not a genuine Shia spiritual leader" and "there are no ayatollahs in Australia." He urged Federal government officials to investigate his identity. "From the way he writes his fatwas (or religious edicts), I don't think he is Shia Muslim", he added. Psychiatric assessment
In 2010 <mask> was involuntarily hospitalised at Canterbury Hospital after displaying bizarre and erratic behaviour in a parking lot in Ashfield.A psychiatrist who assessed Monis said she believed he had chronic schizophrenia and needed to be on anti-psychotic medication. Monis stated that he had been forced to close his spiritual business, was $20,000 in debt, and had to change his name for "security reasons." Monis was treated by two different psychiatrists who didn't know about the other and he was giving them different information. He was described as "quite guarded and reluctant to disclose too much information" and refused to give his phone number and home address. He was concerned that "ASIO and police were following him... and that some people could read his mind," according to a psychologist who grew up in Iran, who diagnosed him with obsessive-compulsive disorder. He avoided buying medication for mental illness with his Medicare card to conceal his use of medication from authorities. One solicitor said that Monis seemed paranoid and would often


title: Man Haron Monis

type: original

texts:
 speak with his hand over his mouth because he thought people "watching him" might be able to lip read.In an inquest held after <mask>' death, Dr. Jonathan Phillips diagnosed him with narcissistic and antisocial personality disorders. Hate mail campaign
<mask>, together with Amirah Droudis, undertook a campaign protesting against the presence of Australian troops in Afghanistan, by writing letters to the families of soldiers killed there, in which he called the soldiers murderers, and urged the soldiers' families to petition the government to remove its troops from Afghanistan. According to Justice Dyson Heydon of the High Court, the letters compared "the (deceased soldier) son to a pig and to a dirty animal. It calls the son's body 'contaminated'. It refers to it as 'the dirty body of a pig'. It describes Hitler as not inferior to the son in moral merit". Monis was arrested on charges of "using a postal or similar service to menace, harass or cause offence".Droudis received a 2-year good-behaviour bond for "assisting Monis in sending the letters". She appealed the sentence, but on 12 March 2015 Droudis dropped her appeal. Court cases

On 10 November 2009, Monis appeared in court and claimed through his lawyers to be a peace activist. He later chained himself to the courthouse in protest over the charges. Monis was subsequently barred by the courts from expanding his protest to include letters to UK soldiers' families. In an inquest, lawyer Chris Murphy said that Monis claimed to be contacting families to recruit "people who had suffered loss in war" to join his cause. Murphy said "He didn't strike me as very intelligent."Monis chained himself to the courthouse against

masks: Monis Monis


title: Man Haron Monis

texts: the directions of lawyers, and Murphy said "He was entirely self absorbed with his performance ... my recollection is he held a pen in the air and said 'this is my sword'." Lawyers described Monis as a "pest" and a "dickhead". <mask> said that conversations with Monis were "draining and exhausting." Monis expressed conspiracy theories about ASIO, claiming that families of dead soldiers were not upset at his letters, but "ASIO was putting them up to it." He said "Monis was a very proud man," who cried "like a baby" in prison. Another lawyer said he always wanted to be "the centre of attention" in the media. In December 2011, Monis appeared before the Court of Criminal Appeal in Sydney arguing that the charges against him were invalid because they infringed his implied constitutional freedom of political communication, but the three-judge panel unanimously dismissed his case.Upon further appeal to the High Court of Australia, the six-judge panel split 3–3 over the issue. Although the High Court of Australia normally comprises seven judges, one seat was vacant and as yet unfilled at the time <mask>'s case appeared before the court. Failing to achieve a majority vote in <mask>'s favour, the lower court's unanimous decision was left to stand. On 12 December 2014, <mask>' appeal against his conviction for criminal use of the postal service resulted in a split decision of the High Court. The decision related to his protest against the presence of Australian troops in Afghanistan, which he expressed by sending letters to the families of soldiers killed there in which he called the soldiers murderers and urged the families to petition the government to remove its troops from

masks:
Manny Conditsis
Monis
Monis
Monis


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 Afghanistan. One of the letters compared a dead soldier to a pig and called his body "contaminated". He sent similar letters to the families of British soldiers and the mother of a government official killed by a bombing in Jakarta, Indonesia.Monis pleaded guilty and was sentenced to probation and 300 hours of community service and banned from using the Australian postal service. According to The Age, this conviction consumed him for several years, and the hostage incident followed three days after an unsuccessful attempt to have the conviction overturned. Monis had been granted conditional bail because the magistrate said "there were significant flaws in the Crown's case". Rebels Motorcycle Club
Monis attempted to join the Rebels Motorcycle Club sometime in 2012 or 2013, and was photographed with a "1%" logo representing outlaw motorcycle clubs. Club members reportedly stated "no one really liked him" and described him as "strange and weird" and said "He would say he had a lot of money, but then he didn't have any." He was kicked out of the club and Rebels took his motorbike. Sexual assault charges
Monis ran a "spiritual healing" business and promoted himself as a clairvoyant and an expert in "astrology, numerology, meditation and black magic" services.Monis used the business to make unwelcome sexual advances toward vulnerable women, telling them that they could only receive treatment if they undressed and allowed him to massage their breasts and genitals. He also threatened to put curses on his victims if they refused. On 14 March 2014, <mask> was arrested and charged with sexually assaulting a young woman who went to his consultancy in Wentworthville, New South


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 Wales, for "spiritual healing", after seeing an advertisement in a local newspaper. Seven months later, on 13 October 2014, a further 40 charges were added, including 22 counts of aggravated sexual assault and 14 counts of aggravated indecent assault, allegedly committed against six more women who had visited his business. Political activity
<mask> promoted himself as a peace activist, and told his lawyers that his hate-mail campaign was to make families of dead soldiers support peace. Commercial news media in Sydney often condemned Monis for making videos with his girlfriend narrating, expressing happiness about the Holocaust and 9/11 and attacking rape victims. Monis hated Channel Seven for their coverage of the Muhamed Haneef affair, and ran aggressive protests outside their studios.He once rushed at television hosts Melissa Doyle and David Koch in Martin Place yelling, "You are a killer and a terrorist." Monis would often put on clerical garb and chain himself to a post visible from the Channel Seven live studio, handing out pamphlets declaring there was a "War on Islam" - leading the network to move studios when broadcasting the Sunrise program. Following the Haneef affair, in which a doctor was accused of aiding terrorists, Monis handed out pamphlets against Sunrise alleging that they told "Muslim doctors" that "If you want to kill people, why not use the tools of your own trade like a plague or a disease or something?" Monis made complaints to Channel Seven and the Australian Communications and Media Authority, which were dismissed. Kevin Rudd publicised his consideration of changes to citizenship laws during the prosecution of Monis's letters. Monis used social


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 media to attack politicians including then Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott and former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd. His criticisms of Abbott, from 2013, related to Australia's military presence in Afghanistan.On 5 December 2014, he referred to a statement made by Rudd on changing immigration laws after Monis had been charged with seven counts of harassment. Before it was taken down, on 15 December 2014, Monis's Facebook account had 14,000 "likes". Monis featured a photograph of Osama bin Laden on his website in 2008. It has been reported that Monis was radicalised by members of Hizb ut-Tahrir. In June 2014 Monis attended a presentation by Uthman Badar and Wassim Doureihi of Hizb ut-Tahrir which was held in response to an earlier Uthman Badar lecture titled 'Honour Killings are Morally Justified', which was cancelled. Monis attended Hizb ut-Tahrir rallies and was described by Sydney Morning Herald journalist Anne Davies as "a little unstable. He also seemed a little creepy.Ominously, he also told me he did not think giving speeches would be enough." Seeking contact with ISIS
In October 2014, <mask> wrote a letter to George Brandis' office seeking advice on the legality of communicating with ISIS. Conversion to Sunni Islam
<mask> claimed to have converted from Shia Islam to Sunni Islam. An announcement on his now-suspended website, posted a week before the Sydney siege, stated: "I used to be a Rafidi, but not any more. Now I am a Muslim, Alhamdu Lillah." "Rafidi", which means "one who rejects" in Arabic, "is typically used by Sunnis to denigrate Shias as non-Muslim." <mask> also used his website to pledge allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, leader of the Islamic State

masks: Monis Monis Monis


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 police in the early hours of the following morning and Monis was confirmed by police to have died in the ensuing confrontation. Two of the hostages total died, several others were wounded, and a police officer suffered minor injuries. In a website posting prior to the hostage incident, <mask> denied all the charges against him, calling them politically motivated, accusing the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Australia's ASIO of framing him. No one claimed Monis's body when it was released by the NSW Coroner, and he was subsequently buried in an undisclosed NSW location at state expense.In 2016, Monis was listed under mentally disturbed individuals who have launched recent violent attacks justified with Islamist ideas or slogans. Other examples include the perpetrator of the 2016 Munich knife attack and Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, the perpetrator of the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa. According to psychologists and psychiatrists who study radicalisation, jihad propaganda and calls to kill the infidels can push mentally ill individuals to act, even in the absence of direct or personal contact with Islamists. Investigations
Prime Minister Tony Abbott was briefed by the Australian Federal Police on 16 December 2014 that Monis had a gun licence, but the AFP later confirmed that Monis "was not a registered firearms licence holder". A joint review has been announced by the federal and state governments, to be helmed by Michael Thawley from the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet and Blair Comley of the New South Wales Department of Premier and Cabinet. It will investigate the handling of the siege, and how Monis "slipped through state and federal security and


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
<mask> (June 9, 1910 – December 2, 1990) was an American film and television actor known mainly for his roles in comedy films such as The Devil and Miss Jones (1941) and Princess O'Rourke (1943), but who was also effective in dramatic films, especially two of Alfred Hitchcock's thrillers, Saboteur (1942) and Dial M for Murder (1954). He received five Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and won the Primetime Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Single Performance in 1955. On February 8, 1960, he received two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the motion picture and television industries, at 6816 Hollywood Boulevard and 1718 Vine Street. Early life
<mask> was born in Joplin, Missouri, a son of Dr. <mask> and the former Ruth Annabelle Kraft. His father was a surgeon, part of the original medical staff of St. John's Hospital in Joplin, and the founder of the Jasper County Tuberculosis Hospital in Webb City, Missouri. <mask>'s mother was an ordained minister of the Science of Mind. While attending Joplin High School, <mask> was taught to fly by his godfather, aviation pioneer Orville Wright.His first solo was on March 3, 1927. During high school, <mask> gave Joplin residents rides in his aircraft for $5 per person. When the government began licensing flight instructors, <mask> was issued flight instructor certificate No. 1, making him the first official flight instructor in the United States. Education
<mask> studied briefly at Drury College in Springfield, Missouri, but his love of flying caused him to transfer to the Carnegie Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh. He studied aeronautical engineering for a year before he dropped out

masks: Charles Clarence Robert Orville Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 for financial reasons, his family having lost heavily in the 1929 stock market crash. <mask> became interested in acting while performing in plays at Carnegie Tech, and decided to pursue it as a career.Since the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City paid its male actors $14 a week, <mask> decided to study there. He stayed only  one season, but later said he learned "three basic principles of acting. The first – never anticipate; second – take pride in my profession. And third – trust in God. And that last is said in reverence." Early acting career

Blade Stanhope <mask> started looking for work in 1930, but couldn't find any roles, forcing him to get a job at a theatrical agency. Realizing that, at the time, "three quarters of Broadway plays were from England" and that English accents and actors were in demand, <mask> decided to cash in an insurance policy and buy a round-trip ticket there.He was driving a motorbike through the countryside, picking up the accent and learning about the country, when his bike broke down at Harrogate. While waiting for repairs, he devised a plan. He invented the name "Blade Stanhope Conway" and bribed the janitor of a local theatre to put on the marquee: "Blade Stanhope Conway in Candida". He then had a photo taken of himself in front of the marquee and had 80 prints made. In London, he outfitted himself with a new wardrobe, composed a letter introducing the actor-author-manager-director "Blade" of Harrogate Repertory Theatre, and sent it off to 80 New York theatrical agents and producers. As a result, when <mask> returned to New York, he was able to obtain several meetings. One of the producers to

masks:
Cummings
Cummings
Conway Cummings
Cummings
Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 whom he sent letters, Charles Hopkings, cast him in a production of The Roof by John Galsworthy, playing the role of the Hon.Reggie Fanning. Also in the cast was Henry Hull. The play ran from October to November 1931 and Brooks Atkinson of the New York Times listed "Conway" among the cast who provided "some excellent bits of acting." In November 1932, "Conway" replaced Edwin Styles in the Broadway revue Earl Carroll's Vanities after studying song and dance by correspondence course. <mask> later encouraged an old drama school classmate, Margaret Kies, to use a similar deception – she became the "British" Margaret Lindsay. He later said pretending to be Conway broke up his first marriage, to a girl from Joplin. "She couldn't stand me."He was an extra in the Laurel and Hardy comedy film Sons of the Desert (1933) and in the musical short Seasoned Greetings (1933). Bryce Hutchens
<mask> decided to change his approach, when in the words of one report, "suddenly the bottom dropped out of the John Bull market; almost overnight, demand switched from Londoners to lassoers." In 1934, <mask> changed his name to "Bryce Hutchens". He appeared under this name in the Ziegfeld Follies of 1934, which ran from January to June in 1934. He had a duet with Vivi Janiss, a native of Nebraska, with whom he sang "I Like the Likes of You". <mask> and Janiss went with the show when it went on tour after the Broadway run, and they married towards the end of the tour. Paramount
The tour of Ziegfeld ended in Los Angeles in January 1935.<mask> enjoyed the city and wanted to move there. He returned to New York, then heard King Vidor was looking for Texan actors for So Red the

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 Rose (1935). He auditioned, pretending to be a Texan, having acquired his own version of a Texan accent by listening to cowboy bands on the radio. His ruse was exposed, but Vidor nevertheless cast him, under his actual name. In their review, the New York Times said that <mask> "does a fine bit" and "has the only convincing accent in the whole film." He followed this with a part in Paramount's The Virginia Judge (1935). In July, the studio signed <mask> to a long-term contract.Before his first two Paramount films were released, he was also cast in a supporting part in Millions in the Air (1935). <mask> appeared as one of the leads in the Western Desert Gold (1936), then had a supporting role in Forgotten Faces (1936) and a starring part in Three Cheers for Love (1936). He also appeared in:
 Beyond Flight (1936)
Hollywood Boulevard (1936)
 The Accusing Finger (1936)
 Hideaway Girl (1936)
 Arizona Mahoney (1936)
 The Last Train from Madrid (1937). Most of these were B pictures. He had a small role in an A picture, Souls at Sea (1937), then appeared in Sophie Lang Goes West (1937), Wells Fargo (1937) and College Swing (1938). He had a small role in You and Me (1938) (directed by Fritz Lang), and was in The Texans (1938) and Touchdown, Army (1938). Eventually, Paramount dropped their option on him."I was poison", he said. "No agent would look at me." In June, Paramount announced he would return for King of Chinatown with Anna May Wong, but he does not appear in the final film. In September he was cast at Republic, playing the lead in the crime movie I Stand Accused (1938). <mask> said it was "...a fluke hit—so at least I could get inside the casting

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 agents again." Universal
In November 1938, <mask> auditioned for the romantic lead in Three Smart Girls Grow Up (1939), starring Deanna Durbin, for producer Joe Pasternak. Pasternak was reluctant to cast him, preferring to find a musician, but <mask> told him, "I could fake it".He later said, "I'd had a lot of experience faking things harder than that. He let me try it and he signed me up." On 21 November <mask> gave Universal an option on a seven-year contract starting at $600 a week, going up to $750 a week the following year, then ultimately up to $3,000 a week. His first film for them, Three Smart Girls Grow Up (1939) was a big success, and in March 1939 Universal took up their options on the actor. The film was directed by Henry Koster, who called <mask> "brilliant, wonderful… I made five pictures with him. I thought he was the best leading man I ever worked with. He had that marvelous comedy talent and also a romantic quality."Reviewing the film, the New York Times said <mask> "displays a really astonishing talent for light comedy—we never should have suspected it from his other pictures." Pasternak used him again, supporting another singing star, Gloria Jean, in The Under-Pup (1939). (He was meant to reteam with Jean in Straight from the Heart,  but it appears not to have been made.) In August 1939 Columbia wanted him for the lead in Golden Boy, but could not come to terms with Universal. <mask> supported Basil Rathbone and Victor McLaglen in Rio (1939), then was borrowed by 20th Century Fox to romance Sonia Henie in Everything Happens at Night (1939). At Universal he had a key role in Charlie McCarthy, Detective (1939), then was borrowed

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 by MGM to play the lead in a B movie with Laraine Day, And One Was Beautiful (1940). Back at Universal, <mask> was the romantic male lead in a comedy, Private Affairs (1940); then he romanced Durbin again in Spring Parade (1940).<mask> made his mark in the CBS Radio network's dramatic serial titled Those We Love, which ran from 1938 to 1945. He also played the role of David Adair in the serial drama Those We Love, opposite Richard Cromwell, Francis X. Bushman and Nan Grey. A series of classic films
 <mask> and Allan Jones were cast as the comic team leads in the film One Night in the Tropics (1940), but were overshadowed by the performances (as supporting actors, in their first film) by Abbott and Costello.. MGM borrowed <mask> a second time, to play opposite Ruth Hussey in Free and Easy (1941). In the same period, he was borrowed by a company established by Norman Krasna and Frank Ross, who were making a comedy from a script by Krasna for release through RKO: The Devil and Miss Jones (1941). <mask> played a union leader, Jean Arthur's love interest, under the direction of Sam Wood. <mask> shot the film at the same time as Free and Easy. Free and Easy lost money for MGM, but Devil and Miss Jones was a critical and commercial success.20th Century Fox borrowed him for Moon Over Miami (1941), starring Don Ameche and Betty Grable; Fox was willing to postpone the film so <mask> could finish Devil and Miss Jones. In January 1941 Louella Parsons wrote, "is that boy going places in 1941. From the looks of things it's a <mask> year – because all his troubles with Universal are ironed out and almost every studio in town wants to borrow him. Back at

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts: Universal, Pasternak used <mask> as the romantic male lead in It Started with Eve (1941), from a script by Krasna, opposite Deanna Durbin and Charles Laughton. Meanwhile, Sam Wood was directing an adaptation of the novel Kings Row (1942), over at Warner Bros, where the head of production was Hal Wallis. Wallis did not have any contract players at Warner Bros who were considered ideal for the role of Paris, and after trying desperately to get Tyrone Power tried to borrow <mask>, who had done an impressive test. However, <mask> was busy on It Started with Eve and the actor had to drop out.Then the schedule was rearranged and <mask> was able to make both films. Production of Kings Row did have to be suspended for a week so <mask> could return to Universal to do reshoots for Eve. Both films were huge successes. Hal Wallis said <mask> "was actually too old for the part" in Kings Row "not quite right, but he was helped considerably by an extraordinary support cast." Back at Universal, <mask> starred in the Alfred Hitchcock spy thriller Saboteur (1942), made at Universal, with Priscilla Lane and Norman Lloyd. He played Barry Kane, an aircraft worker wrongfully accused of espionage, trying to clear his name. In December 1941, John Chapman said <mask> was among "the most sought-after leading men in town" and was one of his "stars for 1942".Universal announced <mask> for Boy Meets Baby with Deanna Durbin, which became Between Us Girls (1942) with Diana Barrymore. He filmed it concurrently with a Hal Wallis movie at Warner Bros, and Princess O'Rourke (made 1942, released 1943), Norman Krasna's directorial debut. <mask> was meant to be in We've Never Been

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 Licked for Walter Wanger at Universal, but it appears to have not been made. World War II
In December 1941, <mask> joined the fledgling Civil Air Patrol, an organization of citizens and pilots interested in helping support the U.S. war effort. In February 1942, he helped establish Squadron 918-4 located in Glendale, California, at the Grand Central Air Terminal, becoming its first commanding officer. Two weeks later, he and other members of the squadron went in search of the Japanese submarine that had attacked the oil refinery at Goleta, California. During the war, <mask> participated in search and rescue missions, courier missions, and border and forestry patrols around the Western United States.For this work he used his own aircraft, Spinach I, a 1936 Porterfield, and Spinach II, a Cessna 165 Airmaster. The squadron he established still operates as San Fernando Senior Squadron 35 and is based at Whiteman Airport in Pacoima, Los Angeles. In November 1942, <mask> joined the United States Army Air Forces. During World War II, he served as a flight instructor. After the war, <mask> served as a pilot in the United States Air Force Reserve, where he achieved the rank of captain. <mask> played aircraft pilots in several of his postwar film roles. During the war service, he had small roles in the all-star Forever and a Day (1943) and Flesh and Fantasy (1943), but he was effectively off screen for two years.Suspension from Universal
<mask> was meant to be in Fired Wife with Teresa Wright, Charles Coburn, and Eddie Anderson and a director "comparable with" Leo McCarey. However, when he found out these actors would not be in the film, and the director


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 would be Charles Lamont, he refused to be in it. (Filming began in April 1943 with <mask> taking <mask>'s role.) Universal put him on suspension for five weeks, refused to give him a new part, or pay his weekly salary of $1,500 after the suspension had been lifted. <mask> notified the studio in May 1943 that he considered himself no longer under contract. In September 1943, <mask> sued the studio for withheld wages of $10,700, also arguing that for some time, Universal tried to put him in minor roles to "run him ragged" and "to teach him a lesson". In March 1944, the court ruled in <mask>'s favor, saying Universal had voided its contract with the actor and owed him $10,700.This decision happened in the same fortnight as another court case involving Olivia de Havilland, which also ruled in the actor's favor. Freelance star

Hal Wallis
<mask> was considered free of Universal since August 1944. In January he signed a four-year exclusive contract with Hal Wallis, who had left Warner Brothers to become an independent producer. Shortly after, he took leave from the Air Force to star in You Came Along (1945) for Hal Wallis, directed by John Farrow with a screenplay by Ayn Rand. The Army Air Forces pilot <mask> played, Bob Collins, died off camera, but was resurrected 10 years later for <mask>'s television show. <mask> was under contract to Wallis for four years. Also for Wallis—who had now moved to Paramount—he did The Bride Wore Boots (1946), a comedy with Barbara Stanwyck.He was announced for Dishonorable Discharge for Wallis from a story by John Farrow, but it appears to have not been made. Neither was Its Love Love Love, which was announced by RKO,

masks:
Robert Paige
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 or Dream Puss, which Wallis announced for <mask> at Paramount. In 1946, <mask> said, "Often I play the boyfriend of a girl young enough to be my daughter. I'm 36, and whenever I start drooping, I run one of my pictures and feel like a kid again." Around this time, he also said he was more interested in producing and directing, and hoped to act in only one film per year. United California Productions
<mask> had the leads in two films for Nero Films, a company of Seymour Nebenzal and Eugene Frenke, who released through United Artists: a film noir, The Chase (1946); and a Western, Heaven Only Knows (1947). <mask> decided to form his own production company with Frenke and Philip Yordan, which they called United California.(They originally called it United World, but it was too similar to another company's name.) In December 1946, it was announced that <mask> had signed an exclusive contract with United California Productions, and that his deal with Wallis was for one film a year for seven years. They announced Bad Guy from a script by Yordan. They were also going to do Joe MacBeth (which was ultimately made by others). In 1947, <mask> had reportedly earned $110,000 in the preceding12 months. The Lost Moment (1947) was a film noir for Walter Wanger at Universal based on The Aspern Papers by Henry James. It was a big flop at the box office.He was meant to follow it with The Big Curtain for Edward Alperson at Fox, but it was never made. <mask> appeared in Sleep, My Love (1948), another noir, directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Mary Pickford. United California eventually brought in manufacturer Frank Hale as partner. Its first film, Let's Live a

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 Little (1948), was a romantic comedy with Hedy Lamarr, released through United Artists. <mask> announced a series of projects for United California: Ho the Fair Wind from a novel by IAR Wylie, The Glass Heart by Mary Holland, Poisonous Paradise (a docudrama for which some footage had been shot called Jungle), Passport to Love by Howard Irving Young, and a remake of Two Hearts in Three Quarter Time. <mask> was also trying to interest Norman Krasna into writing the story of how <mask> broke into acting, to be called Pardon My Accent. <mask> did The Accused (1949) for Hal Wallis at Paramount, supporting Loretta Young.Reign of Terror (1949) was a thriller set in the French Revolution for director Anthony Mann; Eagle Lion co-produced with United California. <mask> did a comedy at Universal, Free for All (1949). Columbia
In July 1949, <mask> signed a three-picture deal with Columbia. He made Tell It to the Judge (1949), with Rosalind Russell, for them. He did one for Wallis at Paramount, Paid in Full (1950) (originally Bitter Victory), then went back to Columbia for The Petty Girl (1950) a musical with Joan Caulfield. <mask> did announce he would make The Glass Heart for his own company and release through Columbia, but this did not happen. <mask> supported Clifton Webb in For Heaven's Sake (1950) at Fox, then played a con man in The Barefoot Mailman (1950), his third film for Columbia.<mask> began working in television, appearing in Sure as Fate ("Run from the Sun") and Somerset Maugham TV Theatre ("The Luncheon"). He was in a Broadway play Faithfully Yours (originally The Philemon Complex), which had a short run in late 1951. At Columbia, he was in

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 The First Time (1952), the first feature directed by Frank Tashlin. On TV, he was in Lux Video Theatre ("The Shiny People", "Pattern for Glory"), Betty Crocker Star Matinee ("Sense of Humor"), and Robert Montgomery Presents ("Lila My Love"). <mask> was one of the four stars featured in the short-run radio version of Four Star Playhouse. He was offered Battle in Spain, the story of El Cid, with Linda Darnell, but turned it down because it was too controversial. Television star

My Hero
<mask> starred in his first regular television series in the comedy My Hero (1952–53), playing a bumbling real estate salesman.He also wrote and directed some episodes. The series ran for 33 episodes before (it was reported) <mask> decided to end it and accept other offers. In reality, the show had been axed. "After it was dropped, I was as dead as you could possibly get in show business" said <mask>. "I sat in my agent's office one day and heard a top producer tell him on the phone that nobody would buy me." Out of work, he accepted the State Department's invitation to go on a goodwill mission to Argentina. The show earned him an Emmy nomination.<mask> was in Marry Me Again (1953) at RKO for Tashlin, then went to England to star in another Hitchcock film, Dial M for Murder (1954), playing the lover of Grace Kelly, whose husband Ray Milland tries to kill her. The film was a hit. <mask> then supported Doris Day in a musical at Warner Bros, Lucky Me (1954). He was chosen by producer John Wayne as his co-star to play airline pilot Captain Sullivan in The High and the Mighty, partly due to <mask>'s flying experience; however, director William A. Wellman overruled Wayne


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 and hired <mask> for the part. Twelve Angry Men
In 1954, <mask> appeared in Twelve Angry Men, an original TV play for Westinghouse Studio One written by Reginald Rose and directed by Franklin Schaffner,  alongside actors including Franchot Tone and Edward Arnold. <mask> played Juror Number Eight, the role taken by Henry Fonda in the feature-film adaptation. <mask>'s performance earned him the 1955 Emmy Award for Best Actor in a Single Performance.Other television appearances included Campbell Summer Soundstage ("The Test Case"), Justice ("The Crisis"), The Elgin Hour ("Floodtide"), and a TV version of Best Foot Forward (1954). Laurel Productions and The Bob Cummings Show
In July 1954, <mask> formed his own independent film production company, Laurel Productions, Incorporated. The company's name had several affiliations to <mask>: his youngest daughter was named Laurel Ann <mask>; the street he and his family lived on was named Laurel Way; his wife's grandmother's name was Laurel; and finally, the fact that Laurel & Hardy had given <mask> his film debut back in 1933. His wife Mary Elliott was appointed president of Laurel Productions. In July 1954, <mask> filmed the pilot for his television show, The Bob Cummings Show, and would go on to produce 173 episodes. <mask> intended to produce a film titled The Damned through Laurel Productions, from a novel by John D. MacDonald and to be written and directed by Frank Tashlin. In December 1954, <mask> and George Burns formed Laurmac Productions, with the hope of co-producing a feature film in May 1955.In January 1955, The <mask> Show began airing, and went through 1959. <mask> starred on the successful

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title: Robert Cummings

texts: NBC sitcom, The Bob <mask> Show (known as Love That Bob in reruns), where he played Bob Collins, a former World War II pilot who became a successful professional photographer. As a bachelor in 1950s Los Angeles, the character considered himself quite the ladies' man. The sitcom was noted for some very risqué humor for its time. A popular feature of the program was <mask>'s portrayal of his elderly grandfather. His co-stars were Rosemary DeCamp as his sister Margaret MacDonald; Dwayne Hickman as his nephew Chuck MacDonald; and Ann B. Davis, in her first television success, as his assistant Charmaine "Schultzy" Schultz. When <mask> appeared on the NBC interview program Here's Hollywood, he was seen by Nunnally Johnson, who cast him opposite Betty Grable in How to Be Very, Very Popular (1955) at Fox, which turned out to be Grable's last film.<mask>'s contract was amended to allow him time off to rehearse and record his TV show. Around this time, <mask> said he had made 78 films, and "I always had the feeling I was distinguished for none of them. Hollywood's never been really hot about me. I was always second choice. I used to say to my wife Mary, 'Somebody's got to be sick someday – Bill Holden or maybe some boy not even born yet! I used to say 'If I could find another business where I could be successful!'." <mask> was one of the hosts on ABC's live broadcast of the opening day of Disneyland on July 17, 1955, along with Ronald Reagan and Art Linkletter.On that day, <mask> played off his playboy character image by being “caught” embracing and kissing a young woman in a bonnet with a stricken look on her face. <mask>'s performance in The Bob <mask>


title: Robert Cummings

texts: Show earned him another Emmy nomination for Best Actor in a Continuous Role in 1956. He turned down The Heavenly Twins for the Theatre Guild; and was mentioned for Bewitched by Charles Bennett in England, but did not do it. During the series' production, <mask> still found time to play other roles. He returned to Studio One ("A Special Announcement"), and did episodes of General Electric Theater ("Too Good with a Gun"), The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show, and Schlitz Playhouse ("One Left Over", "Dual Control"). He was also in "Bomber's Moon" for Playhouse 90 (1958), from a Rod Serling script directed by John Frankenheimer, who said "Bobby's a really fine dramatic actor, but people usually associate him only with comedy. Naturally enough I suppose.Directing an actor like this who feels immediately what the script wants and what the director wants makes you love this business." "It's a great life, acting", <mask> said in 1959. "I wouldn't have it any other way. I'm a completely content actor." When his TV show ended in 1959, <mask> claimed it was his decision, as he was tired and wanted to take a year off. He was also keen to sell the show into syndication. "I don't think I'll do another comedy", he said.In 1960, <mask> starred in "King Nine Will Not Return", the opening episode of the second season of CBS's The Twilight Zone, written by Serling and directed by Buzz Kulik. He guested on Zane Grey Theater ("The Last Bugle", directed by Budd Boetticher), The DuPont Show of the Week ("The Action in New Orleans"), The Dick Powell Theatre ("Last of the Private Eyes", co-starring Ronald Reagan), and The Great Adventure ("Plague"). The New <mask>

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title: Robert Cummings

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 Show
The New <mask> Show followed on CBS for one season, from 1961 to 1962. It was a variation of The Bob <mask> Show with <mask> as a pilot who had various adventures. It ran for 22 episodes before being cancelled. <mask> returned to films with a supporting role in My Geisha (1962), written by Krasna. He was top-billed in Beach Party (1963), although the film is better remembered today for first teaming Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello.<mask> had supporting roles in two popular films, The Carpetbaggers (1964) and What a Way to Go! (1964), and was in Theatre of Stars ("The Square Peg"). In 1964, he was a guest as a beauty pageant judge in The Beverly Hillbillies episode, "The Race for Queen". My Living Doll

In 1964–65, <mask> starred in another CBS sitcom, My Living Doll, co-starring Julie Newmar as Rhoda the robot and Jack Mullaney as his friend. After 21 episodes, <mask> asked to be written out of the show. It lasted five more episodes. Later career
In the late 1960s, <mask> had supporting roles in Promise Her Anything (1966) and the remake of Stagecoach (1966) (playing the embezzler).<mask> had the lead in Five Golden Dragons (1967) for producer Harry Alan Towers and supported in Gidget Grows Up (1969). He was in another Broadway play, The Wayward Stork, which had a short run in early 1966. A review in the New York Times said <mask> "is not in top form. He sounded a bit hoarse and somewhat strained. Usually he is a quite , breezy farceur." He guest-starred again on Theatre of Stars ("Blind Man's Bluff"), as well as The Flying Nun ("Speak the Speech, I Pray You"), Green Acres ("Rest and Relaxation"), Here Come the Brides ("The She-Bear"),

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 Arnie ("Hello, Holly"), Bewitched ("Samantha and the Troll"), Here's Lucy ("Lucy's Punctured Romance", "Lucy and Her Genuine Twimby"), and several episodes of Love, American Style. <mask>'s last lead roles on film were in a pair of TV movies, The Great American Beauty Contest (1973) and Partners in Crime (1973).During the 1970s for over 10 years, <mask> traveled the US performing in dinner theaters and short stints in plays while living in an Airstream travel trailer. He relayed those experiences in the written introduction he provided for the book Airstream written by <mask> and James Phillippi in 1984. <mask> had a cameo in Three on a Date (1978) and appeared in 1979 as Elliott Smith, the father of Fred Grandy's Gopher on ABC's The Love Boat. In 1986, <mask> hosted the 15th-anniversary celebration of Walt Disney World on The Wonderful World of Disney. In 1987, he said, "I wouldn't mind living until I'm 110. I still swim, do calisthenics, and keep fit. I've never been in hospital, except for a hernia operation at one time.People laugh about my using so many vitamins. When I tell them I take 50 liver pills a day, they look surprised, but whether they laugh or not, the thing works." He added, "I'm retired, I live on a pension" and "if I have a problem I get expert counsel, then ask the opinion of a good psychic." <mask>'s last public appearance was on The Magical World of Disney episode "The Disneyland 35th Anniversary Special" in 1990. Personal life

Marriages
<mask> got married five times and fathered seven children. His first marriage was to Emma Myers, a girl from his hometown. His second marriage was to Vivi Janiss, an actress he met while

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 performing in Ziegfeld Follies.His third wife, Mary Elliott, was a former actress and she ran <mask>'s business affairs. They separated in 1968 and had a bitter divorce, during the course of which she accused him of cheating on her with his former secretary Regina Fond, and using methamphetamines which she said caused wild mood swings. She also claimed he relied on astrologers and numerologists to make financial decisions with "disastrous" consequences. In 1970, when the divorce was finalized, their communal property was estimated as being worth from $700,000 to $800,000 (equivalent to between $ million and $ million in ). He was married to Gina Fong from 1971 to 1987, and married Martha Burzynski just two years later. He died the following year. Hobbies
He was an avid pilot and owned a number of airplanes, all named "Spinach."He was a staunch advocate of natural foods and published a book on healthy living, Stay Young and Vital, in 1960. Legal troubles
In May 1948 Hedda Hopper reported that there were four lawsuits against <mask>. In 1952, <mask> was sued by a writer of My Hero who had been fired. In 1952, <mask> was served with papers concerning the suit by LA County Deputy Sheriff William Conroy; <mask> assaulted Conroy and was then sued by the sheriff for damages. Conroy stated that when he tried to serve <mask> with a subpoena the actor gunned the motor of his car and dragged him along the pavement. <mask> explained that he didn't know Conroy was a deputy. Both cases were settled in 1954.In 1972 he was charged with fraud for operating a pyramid scheme involving his company, Bob Cummings Inc, which sold vitamins and food supplements. In 1975


title: Robert Cummings

texts:
 he was arrested for being in possession of a blue box used to defraud the telephone company. He avoided trial under the double jeopardy rule. Reported drug addiction
Despite his interest in health, <mask> was alleged to have been a methamphetamine addict from the mid-1950s until the end of his life. In 1954, while in New York to star in the Westinghouse Studio One production of Twelve Angry Men, <mask> began receiving injections from Max Jacobson, the notorious "Dr. Feelgood". His friends Rosemary Clooney and José Ferrer recommended the doctor to <mask>, who was complaining of a lack of energy. While Jacobson insisted that his injections contained only "vitamins, sheep sperm, and monkey gonads", they actually contained a substantial dose of methamphetamine.<mask> allegedly continued to use a mixture provided by Jacobson, eventually becoming a patient of Jacobson's son Thomas, who was based in Los Angeles, and later injecting himself. The changes in <mask>'s personality caused by the euphoria of the drug and subsequent depression damaged his career and led to an intervention by his friend, television host Art Linkletter. The intervention was not successful, and <mask>'s drug abuse and subsequent career collapse were factors in his divorces from his third wife, Mary, and fourth wife, Gina Fong. After Jacobson was forced out of business in the 1970s, <mask> developed his own drug connections based in The Bahamas. Suffering from Parkinson's disease, he was forced to move into homes for indigent older actors in Hollywood. Children
<mask> had seven children. His son, <mask>, played Rick Halloway in the NBC daytime serial Another World in the early

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 1980s.Political affiliation
<mask> was a supporter of the Republican Party. Death
On December 2, 1990, <mask> died of kidney failure and complications from pneumonia at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, California. He is interred in the Great Mausoleum at Forest Lawn Cemetery in Glendale, California. Filmography

Stage work
 The Roof (1931)
 Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934)
 Faithfully Yours (1951)
 The Wayward Stork (1966)
 Remember It's Never Too Late (1972)

Television credits

 My Hero (1951–1952) as <mask>. Beanblossom
 Justice ("The Crisis") (1954)
 Disneyland (1954) as Himself
 Studio One in Hollywood (1954–1956) as George Lumley / Juror No. 8
 The George Burns and Gracie Allen Show ("A Marital Mix-Up") (1957) as Bob Collins / <mask>
 General Electric Theater ("Too Good with a Gun") (1957) as Russ Baker
 The <mask> Show (1955–1959) as Bob Collins / Grandpa Josh Collins / Josh Collins
 The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hour (1957–1960) ("The Ricardos Go To Japan") (1959) as Himself
 The Twilight Zone ("King Nine Will Not Return") (1960) as Capt. With Amusement For All. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2006. .
 Christensen, Lawrence O., ed.Dictionary of Missouri Biography. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 1999. .
 Critchlow, Donald T. When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2013. .
 Gilmore, Susan. "Tired of the commute? All you need is $3.5 million". The Seattle Times, September 5, 2006. Greenwood, James R. "Meet <mask>...Pilot, Actor, Businessman".Flying, 66:3, March

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 1960, pp. 44–46, 54, 56. Lertzman, Richard A. and William J. Birnes. Dr. Feelgood: The Shocking Story of the Doctor Who May Have Changed History by Treating and Drugging JFK, Marilyn, Elvis, and Other Prominent Figures. New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2013. .
 Lyon, Christopher, James Vinson, Susan Doll and Greg S. Faller. The International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers. New York: St. James Press, 1987. .
 Maltin, Leonard."<mask>". Leonard Maltin's Movie Encyclopedia. New York: Dutton, 1994. .
 McGivern, Carolyn. The Lost Films of John Wayne. Nashville, Kentucky: Cumberland House, 2006. .
 Tucker, David C. Eve Arden: A Chronicle of All Film, Television, Radio and Stage Performances. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland& Company, 2011. . Wise, James E. and Paul W. Wilderson.Stars in Khaki: Movie Actors in the Army and the Air Services. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 2000. .
 Woog, Adam. Sexless Oysters and Self-Tipping Hats: 100 Years of Invention in the Pacific Northwest. Sasquatch Books, 1991. . External links

 "<mask> Biography." 1910 births
1990 deaths
Male actors from Missouri
American male comedians
20th-century American comedians
American male dancers
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male radio actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American television directors
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners
American television personalities
Deaths from kidney failure
Deaths from pneumonia in California
People from Joplin, Missouri
People from Greater Los Angeles
Military personnel from Missouri
United

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title: Brian O'Dwyer

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<mask>'Dwyer (born October 10, 1945) is an American lobbyist and lawyer. O'Dwyer was appointed the Commissioner of the United States National Commission of UNESCO by United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Early years and education

O'Dwyer was born on October 10, 1945 in the Upper West Side of New York City. He attended the High School of Music and Art (which later became Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts). In 1961 following the election of John F. Kennedy he was one of the founders of the High School Democratic Association, with members drawn from most of New York's top high schools. Educational background
<mask>'Dwyer received his Bachelor of Arts degree from the George Washington University in Spanish-American Literature and his Master of Arts degree in Spanish-Language Literature from Middlebury College in Madrid. Before becoming a lawyer, he studied Spanish at the National University of Mexico.He then received his Juris Doctorate degree from Georgetown University and his Masters in Law from the George Washington University. In July 2013 he was an honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dublin City University. On August 16, 2019, his graduate alma mater, Middlebury College, conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Humane Letters (hc) at its Language Schools commencement. Honorary awards
O'Dwyer is a member of the Sigma Delta Pi National Spanish Honorary Society, as well as a member and past International President of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity. He was honored in 2011 by its members as "Man of the Year". In 2000, he received recognition from the Catholic Church by being named as a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre, a papal knighthood conferred by Cardinal Edward Egan and has also been conferred The Child of Peace Award by the Catholic Home Bureau. He has received an honorary doctorate of philosophy from Dublin City University in 2013, which is the highest award given by the University.In

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title: Brian O'Dwyer

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 October 2015 O'Dwyer was awarded the Sean MacBride Humanitarian Award by the Ancient Order of Hibernians for his work "To memorialize the human rights contributions made by Nobel Peace Laureate Dr. Sean MacBride and to recognize the efforts of others who make similar contributions in the cause of peace, justice, and the economic well-being of the Irish people…" On August 16, 2019, Middlebury College conferred an honorary doctorate of humane letters. New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade Grand Marshal
It was announced in the fall of 2018 that O'Dwyer would be honored by the New York City St. Patrick's Day Parade Committee by serving as the parade's Grand Marshal in 2019. <mask> has long served as an advocate for the Irish-American community in New York, focusing on immigration rights and reform for Irish citizens immigrating into the United States as well as supporting investment and development throughout Ireland, particularly focused on his family's original home of County Mayo. He will be the third O'Dwyer honored as Grand Marshal, following in the footsteps of his Uncle William O'Dwyer who held the title in 1938 and his father, Paul O'Dwyer, who did the same in 1974. Work

Legal career
O'Dwyer has spent virtually his entire legal career at O'Dwyer & Bernstien, LLP, a law firm founded by his late father, Paul O'Dwyer, which concentrates on personal injury, immigration rights, labor relations, disability rights and general commercial litigation. He serves as the firm's senior partner. He has been cited as a New York Super Lawyer since its inception, which is a peer ranking is given to only the top 5% of the profession as surveyed by the Bar of New York City.He has also been awarded a rating for 25 years that puts him at the very top of his profession. He serves as General Counsel of the US Airline Pilots Association, and represents pilots throughout the United States. O'Dwyer has been cited as winning the highest personal injury award


title: Brian O'Dwyer

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 – $61 million – in the United States. Academic studies
As a former teacher of Spanish at the George Washington University and Malcolm King College, O'Dwyer has been active in education. He serves as Treasurer of the City University of New York Law School Foundation and was a recipient of the Dean's Medal. He also serves as a Co-Chair of the board of the Graduate School of Political Management of the George Washington University. He was national president of his college fraternity, Kappa Sigma, and serves as an advisor to many chapters in the New York City area.He was also named as the Fraternity's Man of the Year in 2011, only one of 84 in the history of Kappa Sigma. Lobbyist and causes
O'Dwyer is known as a Democratic Party "stalwart." He considers the Democratic Party the party for the "poor and dispossessed." Immigration
Immigration is high on O'Dwyer's list for lobbying. He has received special citations from Governor Mario Cuomo at the New York City Council for his work with immigrant groups. As a son of Irish immigrants, O'Dwyer has been especially influential and active in America's Irish Community. He has been a guest of honor and an award recipient by the Irish Immigration Reform Movement; an award recipient of the Brehon Law Society, the Ancient Order of Hibernians and was selected Chief Brehon of the Coney Island Irish Fair.In 1998, he was the Grand Marshal of the St. Patrick's Day Parade, in Rockaway, N.Y.

O'Dwyer has been a consummate advocate for immigrants' rights. He was founder of the Emerald Isle Immigration Center, which is the largest Irish immigrant center in the United States. In its almost 25 years of existence, the center has helped literally thousands of Irish men and women as they immigrated to New York City. The center also serves as a focal point for the advocacy of Irish immigrant causes. <mask> has served as chairman and counselor to the Associacion Tepeyac as well, which provides advocacy and services to


title: Brian O'Dwyer

texts:
 New York's growing Mexican community. One of his greatest accomplishments for immigration reform was when helped convince the late New York City Mayor Edward Koch to open the doors of New York City's public universities and colleges to all immigrants regardless of their documented status. As an attorney he has concentrated on defending undocumented workers hurt in the course of their employment.Causes
O'Dwyer has been cited for his efforts on behalf of the people of Puerto Rico by the Governor of Puerto Rico and was made Honorary Grand Marshal of the Puerto Rican Parade in 1993. He has been chosen by "Irish America" magazine on numerous occasion as a member of the "Top 100" Irish in the United States. O'Dwyer is a recipient of the Ellis Island Medal of Honor Award and the Outreach Project Annual Service Award 1994. In June 2012, O'Dwyer was honored as one of the top 25 Irish who have made a difference by Irish Voice Magazine. The award recognized him as one of the top leaders of the Irish Community in the New York area, and as someone who has had a significant positive impact in changing the community. The Irish Echo, the oldest Irish American Newspaper, has bestowed upon him 2013's Man of the Year Award. <mask>'Dwyer's work in the political arena has concentrated largely on promoting Irish and Irish-American interests.He served as national chairman of Irish Americans for Clinton-Gore in 1992 and 1996 and Irish-Americans for Gore in 2000, and was founding member of the National Democratic Ethnic Coordinating Committee and Irish American Democrats. He was part of the delegation that accompanied President Bill Clinton to Ireland on each of his three trips and served as an advisor to the White House on Irish issues including the peace process. He was appointed by President Clinton as a Commissioner of the President's Commission on White House Fellowships and was awarded the Director Citation for Exemplary Public Service by the White House


title: Don Garber

texts:
<mask><mask> (born October 9, 1957) is an American sports executive who has served as the Commissioner of Major League Soccer since 1999. Garber is also the CEO of Soccer United Marketing and a member of the United States Soccer Federation board of directors. <mask> has spent his entire career in the sports industry, working in a variety of capacities in marketing, events, television, and league administration prior to becoming MLS commissioner. Before joining MLS, <mask> was with the National Football League for 16 years. Under his leadership, MLS has experienced sustained growth in size and popularity in the United States and Canada. During his tenure, MLS has expanded from 10 to 30 teams and set records for attendance and broadcast revenue. In addition, the league has seen significant increases in every metric – including team valuations, attendance, sponsorship, and digital and social media engagement.MLS ranks seventh among global soccer leagues in average game attendance. <mask> has been selected by SportsBusiness Journal as one of the sports industry's most powerful executives every year since 2005. In 2018, he was 16th on the list. In 2016, SportsBusiness Journal presented MLS with its award for League of the Year. In May 2019, <mask> was named the Sports Business Journal Executive of the Year. <mask> has received numerous other industry honors, and in 2011 was named by the Los Angeles Times as one of the top sports commissioners. He has received an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters from both Montclair State University and the State University of New York.<mask> was also inducted into the Athletic Hall of Fame at his alma mater, SUNY Oneonta. <mask> was elected into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 2016, but deferred his enshrinement until 2018. Early life
Garber grew up in a second generation Jewish family. His mother's parents were socialists from Russia; his father's were Orthodox Jews from Poland. <mask>'s mother worked as a nursery school teacher and <mask>'s father

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 as an accountant. He grew up in Queens, New York, during the 1960s and 1970s. National Football League
<mask> spent 16 years with the National Football League, finishing his tenure as the senior vice president/managing director of NFL International, where he oversaw all aspects of the NFL's business outside the United States, including the NFL Europe League.<mask> began his career at NFL Properties in 1984 as a marketing manager and became the League's director of marketing in 1988. In 1992, he was appointed the NFL's senior vice president of business development and was responsible for a variety of television, special event and marketing activities. MLS Commissioner
<mask> was appointed as Major League Soccer commissioner on August 4, 1999, succeeding Doug Logan. One of his first moves as commissioner was to bring the league more in line with the international standard, eliminating the shootout and having the referee keep the time on the field. In 2004, MLS also eliminated overtime and the three-plus-one substitution rule. This enabled teams to substitute three field players as well as an additional goalkeeper. "This decision reflects our focus on continuing our alignment with the world's game," said <mask> at the time.MLS growth
Garber has emphasized gradual, sustained growth of the league over decades rather than attempting grandiose moves to win headlines. Before <mask> came into the Commissioner's office, the league had only one team in its own stadium, Columbus Crew SC, whose Mapfre Stadium was built by Lamar Hunt in 1999. On December 7, 2001, <mask> met with club owners at the Colorado ranch of Philip Anschutz in order to establish a plan to ensure the league's survival. Among the concepts agreed upon was building soccer-specific stadiums; establishing what would be known as Soccer United Marketing – an agency designed to manage soccer content in the U.S.; and pursuing (and ultimately winning) broadcast rights to the 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. The entire summit led by <mask>

masks: Garber Garber Garber Garber Garber Garber Garber


title: Don Garber

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 at the Anshutz ranch is regarded as a critical moment in the eventual rise of MLS. Soccer-specific stadiums
Following Columbus Crew SC's lead, and after the summit at Anshutz's ranch, MLS clubs soon began building soccer-specific stadiums. The new venues enhanced the game-day experience for fans and granted teams full operating control of the stadiums and greater shares of stadium revenue.In 2003, the "cathedral of American Soccer," the Home Depot Center (now known as Dignity Health Sports Park), was built to house the Los Angeles Galaxy, and both senior national teams. Four more soccer-specific stadiums were built by the start of the 2007 MLS season. In 2021, MLS has 22 stadiums built or transformed for soccer. Within the next few years, a minimum of six more stadiums built for MLS clubs will debut. Soccer United Marketing
Soccer United Marketing (SUM), one of the game-changing ideas to come out of <mask>'s meeting with club owners at the Anshutz ranch, was established in 2002 and manages all sponsorship, licensing and advertising sales for MLS and other premier soccer properties in North America, including US Soccer and the Mexico National Team. SUM's first deal was the purchase of the English-language rights to the 2002 and 2006 World Cups for $40 million and to have the games broadcast on ESPN, splitting advertising revenue with the network. A decade later, FOX Network paid more than ten times that amount for the same rights.SUM continues to increase its partnerships. In 2016, the Confederation of North, Central America and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) selected SUM to market and service its worldwide sponsorship rights. Today, SUM is valued at more than $2 billion. Expansion

Through a detailed and comprehensive expansion process, Major League Soccer grew under Garber's leadership from 10 clubs in 2004 to 30 clubs in 2023. The cost of expansion clubs has risen steeply during this period. Toronto FC paid an expansion price of $10 million in 2006. The cost for teams


title: Don Garber

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 to join MLS in its next wave of expansion is a reported $325 million.On April 18, 2019, <mask> confirmed the league announced it would expand to 30 teams. There are some proposals to expand the league to 32 teams, with potential new teams in Detroit, Phoenix, Las Vegas, and San Diego. However, none of this has been confirmed by MLS. Club valuation
As the league expanded and established a footprint across North America with successful clubs in Seattle, Portland, Toronto, New York, and Atlanta, among many others, team valuations have soared. When Forbes first released valuations of MLS clubs in 2008, the average team value was $48 million. In 2018, Forbes reported that the average value of a MLS club was $240 million – a 500 percent increase in 10 years. Designated Player rule
At the conclusion of the 2006 season, MLS created the Designated Player Rule.The rule enables clubs to sign up to three players whose total costs exceed the maximum salary budget charge. <mask> stated that fan research was one of the driving forces behind the decision to institute the Designated Player Rule. <mask> and the league's owners also acknowledged that MLS needed additional "marquee" players to boost interest and the long-term strength of the league in a quicker fashion. The rule made it possible for clubs to sign an international icon like David Beckham with the LA Galaxy in 2006, or current stars like Jozy Altidore to larger contracts. The strategy for signing Designated Players has evolved in recent years. Whereas clubs were more likely to use the rule to sign older, brand-name stars from Europe toward the perceived latter stages of their careers, teams began to utilize it to acquire younger, rising stars. For example, Seattle won MLS Cup in 2016 in part behind the strong play of 26-year-old midfielder Nicolas Lodeiro, who was signed as a Designated Player.When Atlanta United FC won MLS Cup in 2018, its Designated Players were 19-year-old Ezequiel Barco, 23-year-olds Miguel Almiron and Josef Martinez,

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title: Don Garber

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 and 22-year-old Hector Villalba. The average age of Designated Players in MLS in 2019 is 27. Youth academies
The implementation of high-level player development initiatives has been a hallmark of Garber's stewardship of the league. In 2006, the league mandated the creation of youth development systems and declared that any player developed by a team could be signed by that team without the player having to go through the MLS SuperDraft. In 2010, MLS required each of its teams to establish youth amateur programs separate from the pro club. Players registered for at least 1 year in an MLS youth program became eligible to sign a pro contract with that team without entering the SuperDraft. With a true foundation in place after a decade, homegrown players like FC Dallas’ Paxton Pomykal, LA Galaxy's Efrain Alvarez, Real Salt Lake's Justen Glad and Seattle's Jordan Morris have emerged.Smaller-market clubs like Sporting KC have been able to develop their own stars from local communities. And in 2019, the Under-17 club of Seattle Sounders FC proved how far it had come in a relatively brief time by winning the Champions Division of the Generation adidas Cup over the academy teams of top international clubs. Canada
MLS expanded into Canada midway through <mask>'s tenure. There are currently three Canadian teams playing in MLS. Toronto FC joined the league in 2007, Vancouver Whitecaps FC in 2011, and the CF Montreal in 2012. All of them established successful MLS clubs. The league has signed multiple, long-term broadcast agreements with Canada's sports networks.In January 2017, MLS extended its deal with TSN for five years and signed a new five-year contract with the French language network TVA Sports. This was in the wake of a banner year for Canadian teams in MLS in 2016, as Toronto FC defeated the CF Montreal in the Eastern Conference Final. In 2018, DAZN Canada, a leading live-streaming sports service, and MLS announced a three-year agreement. In 2017, the league enacted a major change in


title: Don Garber

texts:
 decision to be the first professional sports league in North America to allow sponsor's names on the front of jerseys.Real Salt Lake signed the first agreement with XanGo in 2006 for an estimated $4–5 million over 4 years. Teams now generate multimillion-dollar sponsorships for their jersey-front sponsorships. Most jersey-front sponsorships run between $2 million – $5 million per year. MLS has announced that starting in 2020, the league will remove its logo from the right sleeve of jerseys, allowing teams to sell a 2.5-by-2.5-inch square ad to corporate partners. The new sponsorship opportunity will bring each team more than $1 million a year. In addition, major brands such as adidas, The Home Depot, Coca-Cola, Heineken, Audi, Johnson & Johnson, Continental Tire, Allstate, and Kellogg's have signed league-wide sponsorships and partnership renewals in recent years. Ownership
During <mask>'s tenure, ownership has been dramatically diversified.In 2001, there were just three investor-operators in the league: Philip Anschutz's Anschutz Entertainment Group (AEG) controlled six teams, Lamar Hunt's Hunt Sports three teams, and Robert Kraft one team. When AEG sold its remaining interests in Houston Dynamo in 2015, the then 20-team MLS became for the first time a league without multiple-team operators. Garber champions “diversity of thought” among club owners in the current era of Major League Soccer. They range from Atlanta United FC owner Arthur Blank, the founder of Home Depot; NYCFC ownership groups City Football Group (which also owns Manchester City of the Premier League) and the New York Yankees; Brazilian businessman Flavio Augusto da Silva, who owns Orlando City SC; entrepreneurs Merritt Paulson (Portland Timbers), Andrew Hauptmann (Chicago Fire) and Anthony Precourt (Austin FC); and Seattle Sounders owners Adrian Hanauer and Drew Carey. Among the owners of Los Angeles FC, which began play in 2018, are majority owners Larry Berg, Brandon Beck and Bennett Rosenthal, Magic Johnson, movie


title: Don Garber

texts:
 studio CEO Peter Gruber, U.S. Soccer icon Mia Hamm Garciaparra, and actor Will Ferrell. Inter Miami CF is owned by a diverse group of global entrepreneurs, including Jorge Mas, Marcelo Claure, Masayoshi Son and David Beckham. Garber detailed his view of the league's quality of ownership in a 2013 interview with Sports Illustrated: “It is about expanding our geographic footprint, trying to have more and more people on a national level engaging in soccer generally and Major League Soccer specifically.It’s about diversity of thought around our board table and having more committed investors. It’s about more jobs for players and administrators and all those other things that make Major League Soccer more valuable.”

Influence in sports business
<mask> has been ranked by Sports Business Daily as one of the 50 most influential people in the U.S. sports business every year since 2005. MLS WORKS
In 2007, <mask> formed MLS WORKS, the league's community outreach initiative, dedicated to addressing important social issues affecting young people throughout the United States and Canada. <mask> is married, has two adult children and lives in Montclair, New Jersey. He serves on a variety of professional and philanthropic boards, including the Committee for Club Football at Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). On November 30, 2018, <mask> was appointed the vice-chairman of the World Leagues Forum, an international body convened by soccer leagues. <mask> is also a member of FIFA's Football Stakeholders committee.He is Vice President of Hope and Heroes, an organization raising funds and creating programs for pediatric cancer patients at the New York Presbyterian Hospital. References

1957 births
Living people
Major League Soccer executives
National Football League executives
NFL Europe executives
Sportspeople from Queens, New York
Jewish American sportspeople
American chief executives
State University of New York at Oneonta alumni
National Soccer Hall of Fame members
21st-century

masks:
Don Garber
Garber
Personal Garber
Garber
Garber


title: Yan Keqiu

texts:
<mask> (嚴可求) (died November 19, 930) was a key official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Wu, as the chief strategist for the Wu regent Xu Wen and each of Wu's three rulers, <mask>, <mask>, and <mask>u. Background
It is not known when <mask>u was born. His family was from Tong Prefecture (同州, in modern Weinan, Shaanxi), but his father <mask> () had served as an assistant to a Tang Dynasty director for Yangtze River-Huai River shipping, and therefore settled at the future Wu capital Guangling (廣陵, in modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), which was then the capital of Tang's Huainan Circuit (). It was said that <mask>u was intelligent and capable of strategies in his youth, and became a guest of the Huainan officer Xu Wen, then serving under Huinan's military governor (Jiedushi) <mask>mi. Through Xu's relationship with <mask>, <mask> became a member of <mask>'s staff and often offered advice to <mask>. Service under <mask>mi
Even though <mask>u was directly serving under <mask>, he remained closely allied with Xu Wen. In 903, when <mask>'s brother-in-law and subordinate <mask> the military governor of Fengguo Circuit (奉國, headquartered in modern Lu'an, Anhui) was planning to join the rebellion started by two other <mask> subordinates, Tian Jun the military governor of Ningguo Circuit (寧國, headquartered in modern Xuancheng, Anhui) and An Renyi () the military prefect (團練使, Tuanlianshi) of Run Prefecture (潤州, in modern Zhenjiang, Jiangsu), it was <mask> who suggested to Xu a plan to

masks:
Yan Keqiu
Yang Wo
Yang Longyan
Yang P
Yan Keqi
Yan Shi
Yan Keqi
Yang Xing
Yang
Yan
Yang
Yang
Yang Xing
Yan Keqi
Yang Xingmi
Yang
Zhu Yanshou
Yang
Yan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts:
 trick Zhu into a trap, which Xu then suggested to <mask> and which <mask> then accepted — that <mask> would pretend to be blind to his wife (Zhu's sister) Lady Zhu and be preparing to offer the command of Huainan to Zhu.When Zhu believed so and went to Guangling to accept <mask>'s offer, <mask> had Xu seize and execute him. After Zhu's death, <mask> promoted both Xu and <mask>. When <mask> became gravely ill late in 905, he directed <mask> to meet with him privately on one occasion. At the meeting, he stated to <mask> that he was waiting for the arrival of his oldest son <mask>, who was then serving as the governor (觀察使, Guanchashi) of Xuan Prefecture (宣州, i.e., the capital of Ningguo Circuit) and that he had directed his key advisor Zhou Yin () to issue an order summoning <mask>. Subsequently, <mask> and Xu went to see Zhou, and they realized that Zhou, who opposed <mask>'s succession, had drafted the order but had left the order on his desk. They took the order from Zhou's desk and had it delivered to <mask>, who then returned to Guangling. When <mask>mi subsequently died, <mask> succeeded him as the military governor of Huainan Circuit.Service under <mask> and in the aftermaths of <mask>'s assassination
In 907, the powerful warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) forced Tang's final emperor Emperor Ai to yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. <mask>, along with several other

masks:
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yang
Yan
Yang
Yan
Yan
Yang Wo
Yang Wo
Yan
Yang Wo
Yang Wo
Yang Xing
Yang Wo
Yang Wo
Yang Wo
Yang Wo


title: Yan Keqiu

texts: regional warlords, refused to recognize the Later Liang emperor and continued to use the Tang era name of Tianyou, but by this point was effectively the ruler of his own domain, then known as Hongnong (as he carried the title of Prince of Hongnong) and later known as Wu (as <mask>mi carried the title of Prince of Wu). Nevertheless, by this point, his own powers were limited, as Xu Wen, who was then one of the headquarters guard commanders, as well as fellow guard commander Zhang Hao, had effectively taken over most of Hongnong's governance after killing a number of <mask>'s associates in a coup earlier in 907. <mask>u's role in the early parts of <mask>'s administration, if any, is not clear. In 908, fearing that <mask> would seize power back and act against them, Zhang and Xu assassinated <mask>, while claiming that <mask> had died of an illness. Their original plan was to divide Hongnong between themselves and then submit to Later Liang, but once the assassination occurred, Zhang postured at taking over the rule over Hongnong himself. <mask> pointed out to him, however, that several senior generals posted away from Guangling, including Liu Wei (), Tao Ya (), Li Yu (), and Li Jian (), could hardly be expected to support his takeover, and therefore advocated having <mask>'s younger brother <mask>yan take over the Hongnong throne — and he subsequently made a public declaration, which he wrote in the name of <mask>'s and <mask>'s mother Lady Dowager Shi, asking the generals and officials to support

masks:
Yang Xing
Yang Wo
Yan Keqi
Yang Wo
Yang Wo
Yang Wo
Yang Wo
Yan
Yang Wo
Yang Long
Yang Wo
Yang Longyan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts: <mask>.Zhang was depressed at this public display and acquiesced to <mask>'s taking the throne. It was said that the senior general Zhu Jin was so impressed by <mask>'s public display of bravery in standing up against Zhang that he honored <mask> like an older brother. (This might imply that <mask> was older than Zhu; if so, <mask> would have been born before 867, when Zhu was born.) Zhang, however, maintained control over the Hongnong governance, and soon made Xu the governor of Zhexi Circuit (浙西, headquartered at Run Prefecture). <mask> pointed out to Xu, however, that once Xu left Guangling, Zhang would blame <mask>o's death on him. Xu agreed with <mask>'s analysis and asked for <mask>'s help. <mask> persuaded another senior general, Li Chengsi () the deputy military governor of Huainan to meet with Zhang and Xu (persuading Li that once Xu left Guangling, Li himself would be isolated); at that meeting, <mask> openly cursed at Xu for wanting to leave Guangling and not supporting <mask>'s new reign; Xu "apologized" and offered to stay at Guangling, and Zhang acquiesced.Zhang soon thereafter realized that <mask> was working in league with Xu, and so sent an assassin to kill <mask>. When the assassin arrived, <mask> did not beg for his life, but instead begged to write a letter to <mask> to bid farewell. After he did so, the assassin read the letter and was touched by it, and therefore spared him, taking only his treasure. Meanwhile, Xu and <mask> were planning on eliminating Zhang. They persuaded

masks:
Yang Longyan
Yang Longyan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yang W
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yang Longyan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yang Longyan
Yan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts:
 the officer Zhong Taizhang () to join the plan, and Zhong gathered 30 soldiers and assassinated Zhang. Shortly after, Xu publicly stated that Zhang was the one behind the plot to assassinate <mask>, and pledged loyalty to <mask>. Effectively, he became Hongnong's regent.He divided up the administrative responsibilities between <mask> (who became in charge of military matters) and Luo Zhixiang () (who became in charge of fiscal matters). Both were capable in what they did, and their abilities were appreciated by the people. Service under <mask>
In 909, when Wei Quanfeng, a semi-independent warlord who was nominally submitting to both Hongnong and Later Liang and who controlled the region around Fu Prefecture (撫州, in modern Fuzhou, Jiangxi), rose against Hongnong and claimed to be the military governor of Zhennan Circuit (鎮南, headquartered in modern Nanchang, Jiangxi), Hongnong's rival state Chu (a vassal to Later Liang) sent an army to aid Wei by attacking Hongnong's city of Gao'an (高安, in modern Yichun, Jiangxi). As Wei put Zhennan's capital Hong Prefecture () under siege, Zhennan's military governor Liu Wei sought aid from the Hongnong headquarters. Xu Wen sought <mask>u's advice on whom to send, and <mask> recommended Zhou Ben — who, however, had refused to accept any military commands and claimed to be ill since he was defeated by Wuyue forces at Su Prefecture (蘇州, in modern Suzhou, Jiangsu) in 908. <mask> went to visit Zhou and went directly into his bedroom, forcing a meeting. Zhou confessed

masks:
Yang Wo
Yang Longyan
Yan
Yang Longyan
Yan Keqi
Yan
Yan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts: his opinion that the defeat at Su Prefecture occurred because he was not given full command powers.<mask> promised to get him full authority, and Zhou accepted the command. Zhou subsequently defeated and captured Wei, and Chu forces withdrew, allowing Hongnong to take full control of Wei's territory. Wei's defeat left one semi-independent warlord in the Zhennan region — Lu Guangchou, who controlled the region around Qian Prefecture (虔州, in modern Ganzhou, Jiangxi), who, like Wei previously, was nominally submitting to both Hongnong (which became named Wu in 910 when <mask> claimed the title of Prince of Wu that his father carried) and Later Liang. In 911, Lu died, and his son <mask> inherited his domain, still nominally submitting to both Wu and Later Liang. <mask> proposed posting an army to Xingan (新淦, in modern Ji'an, Jiangxi) to plot an eventual campaign against Qian Prefecture, and that each time a new corps is rotated to the Xingan post, that a small increase be made in the number of soldiers. <mask>'s plan was carried out, and as the Wu army at Xingan gradually increased, the Qian Prefecture army did not realize Wu's intent. By 916, Xu was remotely controlling the Wu command decisions from Sheng Prefecture (昇州, in modern Nanjing, Jiangsu), leaving his son Xu Zhixun in command at Guangling as the junior regent.Early that year, the officers Ma Qian () and Li Qiu () seized <mask> one night and intended to attack Xu Zhixun. Xu Zhixun wanted to flee Guangling that night, but <mask> pointed out

masks:
Yan
Yang Longyan
Lu Yanchang
Yan
Yan
Yang Longyan
Yan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts: that if he did, the situation would become uncontrollable, so Xu Zhixun did not. The headquarters officials were still panicking, but <mask> comforted them and then went to sleep himself in the open, showing that he was not fearful, and this calmed the other officials. The next morning, Zhu Jin arrived with an army from Run Prefecture, and the mutineers under Ma and Li collapsed in fear, and Ma and Li were captured and killed. In 918, Wu finally launched an operation to capture Qian Prefecture and the surrounding region, which by that point was controlled by Lu Guangchou's old associate Tan Quanbo, with the general Wang Qi () in command. Prior to the attack's being launched, <mask> hired engineers to open up the Gan River rapids at Ganshi (贛石, in modern Ji'an), allowing the Ganshi rapids to be navigated by the Wu fleet and allowing the Wu attack to quickly reach Qian Prefecture. (Wang Qi would subsequently be stymied by Tan's defense and would eventually die in illness while still sieging Qian, but the succeeding commander Liu Xin () was able to defeat Tan and capture Qian Prefecture, allowing Wu to take over the region.)While the Qian campaign was going on, though, another plot against Xu Zhixun was occurring at Guangling. Zhu, who had previously had a good relationship with Xu Zhixun, had drawn Xu Zhixun's jealousy for carrying a greater title than Xu Zhixun himself, as the deputy generalissimo of all circuits (with <mask> himself as generalissimo). Xu Zhixun therefore wanted to eject Zhu from

masks:
Yan
Yan
Yang Longyan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts: Guangling by making him the military governor of a new Jinghuai Circuit (靜淮, headquartered in modern Huai'an, Jiangsu). This drew Zhu's anger, but Zhu outwardly appeared to be still respectful to Xu Zhixun (who was also alienating the other generals and officials as he was arrogant and promiscuous). Zhu invited Xu Zhixun to his home for a farewell feast; at the feast, he assassinated Xu Zhixun, and then tried to ask <mask> to cooperate with him; <mask>, however, did not dare to be involved, and Zhu, who then came under attack by Xu Wen's associate Zhai Qian (), committed suicide. Both Xu Zhixun's adoptive brother Xu Zhigao, who was then the military prefect of Run Prefecture, and Xu Wen himself subsequently arrived to control the situation at Guangling,. Xu Wen immediately suspected the general Mi Zhicheng () of acting in league with Zhu and wanted to kill Mi, but <mask> was concerned that Mi might resist.He therefore falsely claimed that the Wu army at Yuan Prefecture (袁州, in modern Yichun) had just defeated a Chu army and summoned the generals and officials all to the headquarters to congratulate <mask> on the victory. As the generals were arriving, <mask> had soldiers that he posted at the headquarters gates seize Mi and then killed Mi and his sons. Xu Wen subsequently wanted to expand the reprisals, as he believed that many other generals were acting in concert with Zhu. Both <mask> and Xu Zhigao pointed out to him that Xu Zhixun had brought disaster on himself through his unreasonable actions.

masks:
Yang Longyan
Yang Longyan
Yan
Yang Longyan
Yan
Yan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts: Xu Wen's anger subsided gradually, and he did not carry out the large-scale reprisals that he initially was inclined to carry out. In the aftermaths of Xu Zhixun's death, Xu Wen, seeing no other options (as his other sons were young), made Xu Zhigao junior regent at Guangling, and Xu Zhigao, by behaving humbly and reasonably, gradually won the hearts of the people. <mask>, seeing this and believing that Xu Wen should eventually pass his powers to a biological son, repeatedly suggested to Xu Wen that he had another biological son, Xu Zhixun (younger), take over as junior regent.Knowing that <mask> was against him, Xu Zhigao, in cooperation with Luo Zhixiang, tried to have <mask> ejected from Guangling to serve as the prefect of Chu Prefecture (楚州, in modern Huai'an). When <mask> received the order, however, he went to see Xu Wen. At the meeting, he pointed out that at that time, Wu's nominal ally and fellow rival to Later Liang, Jin, was winning victory after victory over Later Liang, and that Jin's prince Li Cunxu appeared to be posturing to claim the imperial title himself and claim lawful succession from the Tang emperors. <mask> argued that, with that being the case, Wu's political structure was untenable since it, like Jin, had been claiming its desire to reestablish Tang. <mask> instead suggested that Xu Wen advise <mask> to claim imperial title as well and restructure the Wu political structure to cut off connections to Tang. Xu Wen agreed, and he kept Yan at Guangling to prepare for

masks:
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yang Longyan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts:
 ceremonies for such a break with Tang. Xu Zhigao, seeing that he could not eliminate <mask>, instead decided to make peace with <mask> by giving a daughter in marriage to <mask>'s son <mask>.In 919, under Xu Wen's advice, <mask>, while not claiming imperial title, claimed the greater title of King of Wu and formally broke from Tang-bestowed titles. In the new Wu government, modeled after the Tang imperial government and no longer structured like a circuit headquarters, <mask> received the title of Menxia Shilang () — the deputy head of the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng) (although in effect in command of examination bureau, as since middle Tang times, the position of head of examination bureau, Shizhong (), was usually an honorary title that was rarely actually filled, and in the edicts that <mask> issued after becoming king, no one was made Shizhong). After <mask> died in 920 and was succeeded by his brother <mask>u, <mask> continued to serve in the Wu government. Service under <mask>u
In 923, Li Cunxu claimed imperial title as the emperor of a new Later Tang (as Emperor Zhuangzong), and was soon set to make a final confrontation with Later Liang after gaining a foothold south of the Yellow River (which had generally defined the boundary between his former Jin state and Later Liang) at Yun Prefecture (鄆州, in modern Tai'an, Shandong). He sent emissaries to Wu, requesting that Wu jointly attack Later Liang with him. Xu Wen considered launching a fleet north but not actually

masks:
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan Xu
Yang Longyan
Yan
Yang Longyan
Yang Longyan
Yang P
Yan
Yang P


title: Yan Keqiu

texts:
 commit to attacking Later Liang — instead, having the fleet observe the campaign and aid the winning side. <mask>u opposed, pointing out that the Wu fleet could be caught in the middle if Later Liang requested aid, so Xu did not do so.After Later Tang forces captured the Later Liang capital Daliang later in the year, destroying Later Liang (as Later Liang's final emperor, Zhu Zhen, committed suicide before Daliang's fall), Later Tang emissaries delivered the news to Wu and Former Shu, drawing apprehension from both states that they would be the Later Tang emperor's next target. Xu blamed <mask> for not launching the fleet north, but <mask> believed that the Later Tang emperor's victories were unsustainable given his own personal behavior, stating while smiling:

Possibly under <mask>'s advice, <mask>u subsequently refused to receive edicts (i.e., communiques that would imply that he was a subject of Later Tang's) from Emperor Zhuangzong. Emperor Zhuangzong, not yet wanting to break with Wu, instead resent his communique as a letter (i.e., treating Wu as an equal state) that started with the greeting of, "The letter of the emperor of the great Tang to the lord of Wu." Wu's return communique started with the greeting of, "The respectful letter of the lord of the great Wu to the emperor of the great Tang," to show respect and yet equality. Late in the year, Wu sent the official Lu Ping () as an emissary to Later Tang. Before Lu went to the Later Tang court, <mask> anticipated what kind of questions

masks:
Yan Keqi
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yang P
Yan


title: Yan Keqiu

texts: Emperor Zhuangzong might ask him, and had Lu prepare answers; as it turned out, the questions Lu was asked matched what <mask> anticipated. After Lu returned, Lu reported that Emperor Zhuangzong had become occupied with hunting and tours, was obsessed with treasure, and was refusing good advice, such that he was beginning to draw resentment from the people.In 926, by which time <mask> was carrying the title of You Pushe (), one of the heads of the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng), he was again made Menxia Shilang, but this time given the additional designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (), making him a chancellor. Later in the year, Emperor Zhuangzong was killed in a mutiny and succeeded by adoptive brother Li Siyuan (as Emperor Mingzong). When the news arrived at Wu, Xu became even more respectful of <mask> for his correct predictions. Despite Xu Zhigao's previous attempts to make peace with <mask>, <mask>, along with Xu Jie, continued to make suggestions to Xu Wen over the years to replace Xu Zhigao with the younger Xu Zhixun. Xu Wen continually refused because Xu Zhigao was filially pious and careful, but by 927 became resolved to do so. He was ready to head to Guangling himself to advise <mask> to take imperial title, and then reassign Xu Zhigao and the younger Xu Zhixun. However, as he was getting ready to depart Sheng Prefecture, he became ill, so he instead sent the younger Xu Zhixun to submit his petition to <mask>, with directions to stay at Guangling after

masks:
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Yan
Yan
Yan
Yan
Yang Pu
Yang Pu


title: Yan Keqiu

texts:
 submitting the petition.Xu Zhigao, hearing the news, was prepared to resign his post as junior regent and request a post as the military governor of Zhennan Circuit, but while the younger Xu Zhixun was still on the way, Xu Wen died, causing the younger Xu Zhixun to immediately return to Sheng Prefecture, so Xu Zhigao never actually submitted his resignation. Shortly after Xu Wen's death, <mask>, in accordance with his petition, claimed imperial title. <mask> himself died in 930, while serving as Zuo Pushe and chancellor. Notes and references

 Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (), vol. 10. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 265, 266, 267, 269, 270, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277.9th-century births
930 deaths
Politicians from Yangzhou
<mask> chancellors
<mask> people born during

masks:
Yang Pu
Yan
Yang Wu
Yang Wu


title: Chris Cuomo

texts:
<mask> ( ; born August 9, 1970) is an American television journalist, best known as the former presenter of Cuomo Prime Time, a weeknight news analysis show on CNN. He has previously been the ABC News chief law and justice correspondent and the co-anchor for ABC's 20/20, and News anchor for Good Morning America from 2006 to 2009. Subsequently, he was one of two co-anchors of the weekday edition of New Day, a three-hour morning news show, until May 2018. Cuomo is the brother of <mask>, who was the 56th Governor of New York from 2011 to 2021, and the son of <mask>, who served as the 52nd Governor of New York from 1983 until 1994. In November 2021, Cuomo was suspended indefinitely by CNN, after reports that he assisted in the defense against the sexual harassment allegations that led to his brother's resignation. He was fired by CNN the following month. Early life and education
<mask> was born in the New York City borough of Queens.He is the youngest child of <mask>, the former governor of New York, and <mask> (née Raffa), and the brother of <mask>, the former Governor of New York. His parents were both of Italian descent; his paternal grandparents were from Nocera Inferiore and Tramonti in the Campania region of southern Italy, while his maternal grandparents were from Sicily (his grandfather from Messina). Cuomo was educated at Immaculate Conception School in Jamaica, Queens, and at The Albany Academy, a private university preparatory day school in Albany, New York, followed by Yale University, where he earned an undergraduate degree, and the Fordham University School of Law, where he earned his Juris Doctor in 1995. He is a licensed attorney. <mask>'s early career in journalism included appearances related to social and political issues on CNBC, MSNBC, and CNN. He was a correspondent and political policy analyst for Fox News and Fox Broadcast Network's Fox Files, where he covered a wide range of stories focusing on controversial social issues. When asked if he should be considered a journalist on his show Cuomo

masks:
Chris Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo
Mario Cuomo
Cuomo
Mario Cuomo
Matilda Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo
Career Cuomo


title: Chris Cuomo

texts: said: "I don't know how that's relevant.I don't care what they classify me as. I'm not forwarding my agenda. That's not my thing. My opinion is irrelevant." When hired for Fox Files Roger Ailes, the Fox News chairman called Cuomo "fearless." At ABC and as co-anchor of 20/20, his year-long coverage of heroin addiction revealed the extent to which it was affecting suburban families. His other work has included coverage of the Haiti earthquake, child custody, bullying, and homeless teens.Policy changes followed his undercover look at for-profit school recruiters, including an industry-wide cleanup. <mask>'s tip from a BMW owner led to a recall of over 150,000 affected vehicles. From September 2006 to December 2009, he was the news anchor for Good Morning America. He was the primary reporter on breaking news stories, both in the U.S. and around the world, including dozens of assignments in some 10 countries. He covered the war on terrorism, embedded on multiple occasions in Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iraq (where his convoy was hit by an IED). In the U.S., he covered the Virginia Tech shooting, the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, and the Pennsylvania Amish school shootings. He did live broadcasts of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, the Sago Mine collapse, and the Minneapolis bridge collapse in August 2007.He anchored morning and evening coverage. During his period at ABC, he had a website, "Cuomo on the Case," as well as two weekly digital programs: The Real Deal and Focus on Faith. He also appeared with Father Edward Beck on ABC News Now, the network's 24-hour digital outlet. In February 2013, Cuomo moved to CNN to co-host its morning show. He made his debut on CNN as field anchor on the February 8, 2013, episode of Piers Morgan Tonight, covering the February 2013 nor'easter. In March 2018, while serving as the co-anchor of CNN's morning show New Day, it was announced that Cuomo would move to prime time to host Cuomo Prime Time. In October 2017, sister network HLN premiered a new documentary series hosted by the anchor,


title: Chris Cuomo

texts:
 Inside with <mask>, which focused on "stories affecting real people, in real towns and cities across America."In September 2018, he began hosting a two-hour weekday radio show "Let's Get After It" on the P.O.T.U.S. channel on SiriusXM. Andrew Cuomo coverage and termination from CNN
While recovering from COVID-19 in early 2020, <mask> interviewed his brother, New York Governor <mask>, on his CNN program. After reports about sexual harassment allegations against his brother surfaced, Cuomo said on his program in March 2021 that he could not cover any issues regarding the allegations on the program, acknowledging his obvious conflict of interest. In May 2021, Cuomo was reported to have participated in strategic discussions to advise his brother on how to respond to the allegations. CNN called Cuomo's engagement in the conversations "inappropriate" but said that it would not take any disciplinary action against him. Multiple CNN staffers said they were "vexed" by Cuomo's conduct and the violation of journalism ethics and standards.Cuomo subsequently issued an apology and stated that advising his brother was a "mistake" that would "never happen again." In August, <mask> addressed his brother's impending resignation, reiterating he was not an adviser to Andrew and noting he had persuaded his brother to step down as governor. On November 29, 2021, the New York attorney general's office released documents that show Cuomo used his media sources to uncover information about his brother's known accusers and inquire about the possibility of new accusers who had yet to come forward publicly. The documents also show that Cuomo helped formulate statements for Andrew and that Cuomo was actively in touch with a top aide to Andrew about future reports about Andrew's alleged misconduct. The following day, Cuomo was suspended indefinitely from CNN. Cuomo called his suspension "embarrassing" but said he understood "why some people feel the way they do about what I did." On December 4, after an internal review conducted by a law

masks:
Chris Cuomo
Chris Cuomo
Andrew Cuomo
Cuomo