title: Beth Ditto

texts: returns". <mask> launched her first plus-size collection for women's clothing retailer Evans on July 9, 2009, in collaboration with head of design Lisa Marie Peacock. <mask> provided sketches and drew inspiration from her favourite vintage and charity shop clothes as well as bands like Blondie, The Slits and Grace Jones, and Art Deco movements. Her second collection for Evans launched in 2010 with just over 20 individual items. Marianne Kirby, writing in The Guardian, said the "collection struck a nerve with its iconic pieces" and that it was an "international success".She opened (modeled) and closed the Jean Paul Gaultier spring 2011 fashion show during Paris Fashion Week in October 2010. In June 2012 <mask> collaborated with MAC Cosmetics to create a make up collection. <mask> released her memoir in 2012 called Coal to Diamonds, which she co-wrote with Michelle Tea. It was positively reviewed in The Guardian and NME. In July 2013, <mask> married her girlfriend and best friend since she was 18, Kristin Ogata, in Maui, Hawaii. Both were outfitted entirely in white for the occasion; <mask> wore a gown by Jean Paul Gaultier and went barefoot while Ogata wore a jacket, a shirt, shorts, and shoes. In December 2014, seventeen months after the two first walked down the aisle in a wedding, the couple legally married in their home state of Oregon, having to wait until same-sex marriage became legal there to make their marriage official.<mask> confirmed the split of the band Gossip to pursue a career in fashion and her solo career in 2016. In an interview in March 2018, <mask> announced that she and her wife had split and she was dating musician Ted Kwo. Earlier that month, she addressed how her relationship with Kwo, who is an openly transgender man, has urged her to consider the privileges of being perceived as a straight woman. In particular, she spoke about the sharp difference in how she

masks: Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto Ditto


title: Beth Ditto

type: original

texts:
 was treated when she was with Ogata: “I was always really afraid, I was always really protective. Straight privilege is real." In 2018, <mask> made her film acting debut in Gus Van Sant's Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot. The following year she was cast in On Becoming a God in Central Florida, a Showtime series starring Kirsten Dunst.Books

Books by <mask>
Coal to Diamonds: A Memoir Co-written with Michelle Tea. New York, NY: Spiegel & Grau, 2012. . Hardback. London: Simon & Schuster UK, 2012. . Hardback. London: Simon & Schuster UK, 2013. . Paperback. Books with contributions by Ditto
Riot Grrrl: Revolution Girl Style Now! by Nadine Monem.London: Black Dog Publishing, 2007. . <mask> contributes an introduction. Discography

Albums

Extended plays

Singles

Filmography

Awards and nominations
 2006 – NME – Cool List – Won
 2007 – Stonewall Awards – Hero of the Year – Nominated
 2007 – NME Awards – Sexiest Woman of the Year – Nominated
 2007 – Virgin Media Music Awards – Legend of the Year – Nominated
 2007 – PLUG Awards – Female Artist of the Year – Nominated
 2008 – Glamour Awards – International Artist of the Year – Won
 2017 – Gay Music Chart Awards – Best Lyric Video for "In and Out" – Nominated

References

1981 births
American dance musicians
Female models from Arkansas
American feminists
Women post-grunge singers
American women rock singers
Feminist musicians
Kill Rock Stars
Lesbian feminists
American lesbian musicians
LGBT singers from the United States
LGBT songwriters
LGBT memoirists
Living people
Singers from Arkansas
People from Searcy, Arkansas
Synth-pop singers
Musicians from Portland, Oregon
Songwriters from Oregon
Songwriters from Arkansas
LGBT people from Arkansas
LGBT people from Oregon
Singers from Oregon
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
American lesbian actresses
American atheists
Columnists
20th-century LGBT

masks: Ditto Ditto Ditto


title: Paula Wessely

texts:
<mask> (20 January 1907 – 11 May 2000) was an Austrian theatre and film actress. Die Wessely (literally "The Wessely"), as she was affectionately called by her admirers and fans, was Austria's foremost popular postwar actress. Biography
She was born in Vienna, the daughter of butcher <mask>, younger brother of the late Burgtheater actress <mask> (1860–1887). Like her adored aunt, <mask>y prepared for an artistic career. From 1922 she attended the Vienna State Academy of Music and Performing Arts and later the Max Reinhardt Seminar, while she made her debut as an actress in 1924 at the Volkstheater, followed by several minor roles of the boulevard repertoire, also performing at the Raimund Theater. Her career proceeded, when in 1926, she became a member of the New German Theatre ensemble in Prague, where she and her future husband Attila Hörbiger (1896–1987) performed in Les Nouveaux Messieurs by Flers and Croisset. In 1927, she returned to the Volkstheater, playing in Ibsen's The Lady from the Sea and Wedekind's Spring Awakening.After being denied the role of Jenny in Brecht's Threepenny Opera in 1929, she quit and joined the ensemble of the Theater in der Josefstadt under director Max Reinhardt. Strongly insisting on major roles, she performed in Der Gemeine by Felix Salten, together with Attila Hörbiger and Hans Moser. Supported by Reinhardt, she played in Schiller's Intrigue and Love at the 1930 Salzburg Festival. In  1932, she appeared in Hauptmann's Rose Bernd under director Karlheinz Martin at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, acclaimed by the audience as well as by critics like Alfred Kerr and colleagues like Werner Krauss. On 23 December 1932, having taken singing lessons, she played the leading role in the premiere of Fritz Kreisler's Singspiel Sissy at the Theater an der Wien. From 1933

masks:
Paula Anna Maria Wessely
Carl Wessely
Josephine Wessely
Paula Wessel


title: Paula Wessely

texts: until 1938 she again performed at the Salzburg Festival as Gretchen in Goethe's Faust, together with Ewald Balser. In 1936, she made her first appearance on the Burgtheater stage in Shaw's Saint Joan.<mask>, who was not particularly photogenic, was passed over in favor of Magda Schneider for the role of Christine in Max Ophüls' 1933 filmization of Arthur Schnitzler's Liebelei, a part she had played at Theater in der Josefstadt. Her first major movie role was that of Leopoldine Dur in the 1934 film Maskerade directed by Willi Forst, together with Adolf Wohlbrück. Further appearances in films like Episode by Walter Reisch, for which she was awarded the Volpi Cup as best actress at the 1935 Venice Film Festival, finally made her a star. In 1938, she was the speaking voice of Snow White in the first German-dubbed version of Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Immediately banned by the Nazi authorities after the Austrian Anschluss in the same year, this version was re-released in 1948 in Austria and in 1950 in West Germany (the first public performance ever), for the last time performed in 1957. As Disney Germany re-dubbed this movie in 1966 and again in 1994, both older versions are no longer available — although they are archived at London. Like her brother-in-law Paul Hörbiger, Wessely had publicly acclaimed the Anschluss, after which she smoothly continued her film and theatre career.Her most notorious movie appearance was in the anti-Polish Nazi propaganda film Heimkehr ("Homecoming") by Gustav Ucicky in 1941. Heavily criticized by Austrian intellectuals after World War II, she later publicly regretted her involvement. On 23 November 1935, she married Attila Hörbiger at the Vienna Rathaus. They had three daughters: Elisabeth Orth (born 1936), Christiane Hörbiger (born 1938) and Maresa


title: Paula Wessely

texts:
 Great Foolishness (1937)
 Mirror of Life (1938)
 Maria Ilona (1939)
 Heimkehr (1941)
 Late Love (1943)
 The Heart Must Be Silent (1944)
 The Angel with the Trumpet (1948)
 Cordula (1950)
 Maria Theresa (1951)
 Walking Back into the Past (1954)
 Different from You and Me (1957)
 Die unvollkommene Ehe (1959)
 Jedermann (1961)

Awards and decorations
 1935: Volpi Cup for Best Actress for the film Episode (Venice Biennale)
 1949: Max Reinhardt Ring
 1960: Kainz Medal
 1962: Bambi Prize
 1963: Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
 1967: Gold Medal of the capital Vienna
 1976: Grand Silver Medal for Services to the Republic of Austria
 1979: Alma-Seidler-Ring (female counterpart to the Iffland Ring and donated in 1978 by the Austrian Government to mark the death of Burgtheater-actress Alma Seidler (1899–1977); Wessely was the first recipient)
 1982: Honorary Ring of Vienna
 1984: Gold German Film Award for many years of excellent work in German films

References

Further reading
 Georg Markus: Die Hörbigers. Biografie einer Familie. Wien: Amalthea Verlag, 2006. Edda Fuhrich & Gisela Prossnitz (ed. ): <mask>, Attila Hörbiger.Ihr Leben – ihr Spiel. Eine Dokumentation. München: Langen Müller, 1985. André Müller: Entblößungen. München: Goldmann, 1979. Elisabeth Orth: Märchen ihres Lebens. Meine Eltern Paula <mask> und Attila Hörbiger.Wien: Molden, 1975. Maria Steiner: <mask>. Die verdrängten Jahre. Wien: Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik, 1996. External links

Photographs and bibliography
German Disney dubbings

1907 births
2000 deaths
20th-century Austrian actresses
Actresses from Vienna
Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class
Recipients of the Bambi (prize)
Recipients of the Grand Decoration for Services to the Republic of Austria
Volpi Cup for Best

masks:
Paula Wessely
Wessely
Paula Wessely


title: Walter Hill (garden curator)

texts:
<mask> (1820–1904) was the first curator of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens at Gardens Point in Brisbane, Australia. Personal life
<mask> was born at Scotsdyke, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, on 31 December 1819, the son of <mask> and Elizabeth Beattie. Scotsdyke is virtually on the border of England and Scotland and is presumably a reference to the moat about  south of the village of Canobie (now spelled Canonbie). <mask> married Jane Smith, the daughter of John Smith and Jane Brunton, on 16 September 1849 at Holy Trinity Brompton Church, Middlesex, England. They had a daughter Ann (born 25 April 1850 in England, died 1 November 1871 in Brisbane). The family immigrated to Sydney, Australia in 1852 on the "Maitland", where <mask> initially tried his luck on the goldfields. In 1854,  <mask> undertook an expedition (as a botanist) to North Queensland in which most of the party were murdered by Aborigines.After this, <mask> accepted the position of superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens. The death of their only daughter, Ann, in 1871 was tragic for <mask> and Jane. She was buried in Toowong Cemetery, despite it not being opened for burials. However, Governor Samuel Blackall had already been buried there prior to its opening and Ann's burial was the 2nd of six burials that preceded the official openings. <mask> planted a hoop pine near Ann's grave and did a number of other plantings in the cemetery, despite having no apparent official role in connection with it. It appears he was simply motivated to make her burial ground a beautiful place. Until <mask>'s retirement in 1881, the family lived in the Curator's Cottage at the Brisbane Botanic Gardens.This cottage was washed away in the 1890s in a flood and was replaced by the Curator's Cottage which exists today as the City Gardens Cafe, a venue well-patronised by tourists and staff of the adjacent

masks:
Walter Hill
Walter Hill
David Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Walter
Hill
Hill
Hill


title: Walter Hill (garden curator)

texts:
 Queensland University of Technology's Gardens Point campus. After retiring, <mask> established a new home "Canobie Lea" at Eight Mile Plains, Queensland, which was (perhaps unsurprisingly) well known for its landscaping. Canobie is a village in Dumfriesshire close to <mask>'s birthplace of Scotsdyke. He died at his home "Canobie Lea" on 4 February 1904. He is buried in Toowong Cemetery together with his wife Jane (died 1888) in the same grave as their daughter Ann (died 1871). As his wife and only child pre-deceased him, <mask>'s niece, Mrs Mary Hamilton (daughter of <mask>'s brother David Hall) appears to have inherited "Canobie Lea". The Hamiltons restored the house, replacing the shingle roof with a tin roof.Mary died in 1921 and in 1931, the property was sold. Professional life in horticulture

Early career
<mask> started out as an apprentice to his brother, David, then head gardener at Balloch Castle, Dumbartonshire, Scotland. Later he worked at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and then in 1843 moved to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Brisbane Botanic Gardens
<mask> was the first Superintendent of the Brisbane Botanic Gardens located at Gardens Point from 1855 to 1881. After his appointment, he made rapid progress in establishing the gardens, which he organised into 34 separate areas, each with a specific purpose. In the spring of 1856, the newspaper Moreton Bay Courier urged the local citizens to come and enjoy the gardens and walkways, giving praise to <mask> for achieving so much so quickly. In late 1859, <mask> worked very diligently to prepare the gardens for the arrival of Sir George Bowen, Queensland's first governor, as the gardens had been chosen as the landing stage for the ship which conveyed the governor and his family and also as focus for many of the associated ceremonies and festivities.In 1861, he worked with the

masks: Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill


title: Walter Hill (garden curator)

texts:
 Governor's wife, Lady Diamantina Bowen, to organise Christmas festivities in the gardens, personally decorating the Christmas trees. Although his interests primarily lay in economic plants, he also took an interest in more decorative plants. In 1857, he exhibited a native water lily at the Australian Horticultural and Agricultural Show held in Sydney. He introduced the flowering trees, the jacaranda and poinciana, which are still popular garden plants in Queensland. Indeed, it is claimed that all jacaranda trees in Australia are descended from the original jacaranda tree that grew from a seed imported by <mask> in 1864. The tree is believed to the subject of the 1903 painting Under the Jacaranda by Richard Godfrey Rivers (Queensland Art Gallery); sadly the tree died in 1980 when it was blown over in a storm. Colonial botanist
When Queensland was separated from New South Wales in 1859, <mask> was appointed the first Colonial Botanist of Queensland in 1859, a role he held until his retirement in 1881.In this role, he conducted a number of expeditions to northern Queensland to collect native plants, including trips to Cape York Peninsula in 1862 and the north-east coast to Mossman and the Daintree River in 1873, climbing Mount Bellenden Ker. He sent many of the specimens he gathered to herbariums around the world (including the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne and Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in London). Although <mask> wanted to establish a herbarium in Queensland, he was unable to do so due to lack of a suitable building and the other demands on his time. However, on his retirement in 1881, <mask> gave his books to the Queensland Museum, which later became the nucleus of the present Queensland Herbarium library. <mask> also had a significant role in acclimatisation of exotic plant species into Queensland. He was also responsible for the

masks: Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill


title: Walter Hill (garden curator)

texts:
 introduction of mango, pawpaw, ginger, tamarind, arrowroot, cotton and mahogany. In particular, he introduced sugarcane and established through experiments that the juice of the Queensland-grown sugarcane could be successfully granulated, opening up a major new farming crop for Queensland.Conversely, he also cultivated an Australian native nut, the Queensland nut, which went on to become known as the macadamia. In 1862, <mask> was appointed as one of Queensland's Commissioners to arrange for produce and other articles to be exhibited in the Exhibition of Industry as part of the 1862 International Exhibition held in London. Retirement
<mask> frequently clashed with his superiors and, following a disagreement regarding his upkeep of the gardens, <mask> was forced to retire in 1881. However, he continued to experiment with fruit trees in his retirement. Memorials
Hill is memorialised in a number of ways, including the Walter Hill Fountain. The Walter Hill Fountain is located in the Brisbane Botanic Gardens and was built as a drinking fountain in 1867 when mains water was introduced to Brisbane. In 1972, the fountain was renamed to commemorate <mask>'s achievements.Botanical citation information

References
<mask>, Walter — Brisbane City Council Grave Location Search

External links
 Biography of <mask>, Australian National Botanic Gardens
 Biography of <mask>, Australian Dictionary of Biography
 Photo of <mask>'s house in the Brisbane Botanic Gardens, taken about 1868
 Photo of Walter Hill, taken about 1880
 Photo of Canobie Lea, home of Walter Hill, taken about 1910
 Walter Hill fountain

Botanists active in Australia
People from Brisbane
Scottish botanists
1820 births
1904 deaths
Burials at Toowong Cemetery
People from Dumfries and Galloway
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Pre-Separation Queensland
19th-century Australian public servants
Public

masks:
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Hill
Walter Hill
Water Hill
Walter Hill


title: Anthony Francis Lucas

texts:
<mask> (born Antun Lučić; September 9, 1855 – September 2, 1921) was a Croatian-born American oil explorer. With Pattillo Higgins he organized the drilling of an oil well near Beaumont, Texas, that became known as Spindletop. This led to the widespread exploitation of oil and the start of the petroleum age. Early life
Count <mask> was the son of <mask>, a Croatian shipbuilder and shipowner, and Giovanna Giovanizio. Born in the Austrian Empire city of Split, his family moved to Trieste, where his father served in the Austro-Hungarian navy. At the age of 20, <mask> completed studies at the Polytechnical Institute (Technische Hochschule) in Graz, Austria, and became an engineer. After graduating from the Austrian Naval Academy of  Pula and Rijeka, <mask> was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1878.Move to the United States
In 1879, <mask> visited his uncle in Saginaw, Michigan, and started work in a sawmill, improving the design of a gang saw then in use. In 1883, he started working in the Colorado, California and North Carolina gold, copper, silver and iron mining industries. He changed his name to <mask> <mask>, receiving his naturalization papers on May 9, 1885, at Norfolk, Virginia. He married Caroline Weed Fitzgerald in 1887. They moved to Washington, D.C. in 1888, where <mask> worked as a mechanical and mining engineer, except for a two year break prospecting for gold in Colorado. Their son <mask>d was born on 21 July 1889. Career
In 1893, <mask> started to work as a salt mine superintendent for Myles and Company of New Orleans.The damaged mine was located at Petite Anse (Avery Island),

masks: Anthony François Maria Vincent Giovanizio de Bertuchevich Lucas


title: Anthony Francis Lucas

texts:
 and over the next three years, <mask> restored operations. <mask> drilled and explored for salt on Jefferson Island for Joseph Jefferson, and Belle Isle, where he discovered the relationship between salt deposits, sulfur, natural gas, and oil deposits. In <mask>' words, "This led me to study the accumulation of oil around salt masses, and I formed additional plans for prospecting other localities. Thus I began my investigations into the occurrence of oil on the Coastal Plain." In 1898, <mask> mined salt on Grand Côte, Weeks Island, and Anse la Butte, having by then become an expert on salt domes. <mask>her

In 1899, <mask> visited the Sour Spring Mound south of Beaumont, Texas, with Pattillo Higgins. This was the future site of Spindletop.<mask> noted, "This mound attracted my attention on account of the contour, which indicated possibilities for an incipient dome below, and because at the apex of it there were exudations of sulphuretted hydrogen gas. This has suggested to me, in the light of my experience at Belle Isle, that it might prove a source of either sulphur or oil, or both." <mask> then signed a lease agreement with the Gladys City Oil, Gas, and Manufacturing Company, and a separate agreement with Higgins. Using a rotary drilling rig from Louisiana, <mask> began his well in August or September 1899, reaching a depth of  in Dec.  At a depth of , the casing collapsed, but only after a layer of oil sand was found. Short on money, <mask> sought funding from any source, including Henry Folger of Standard Oil, but to no avail. <mask> received an opportunity when Dr. William Battle

masks:
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas Gus
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas


title: Anthony Francis Lucas

texts:
 Phillips, geologist for the University of Texas and the Texas State Mineral Survey, endorsed <mask>' dome theory, and wrote a letter of introduction to John H. Galey. Galey, with his partner James M. Guffey, put together financing with Andrew Mellon, allowing <mask> to drill three wells  deep.<mask> also retained 12.5 percent of the deal. Galey further recommended that the Hamill brothers, Al, Curt, and Jim, drill the well. After reaching the depth of , on 10 January 1901, mud and water erupted followed by a stream of crude oil reaching . The eruption lasted nine days, flowing between 70,000 and 100,000 barrels per day, before the Lucas Gusher was finally brought under control. Beaumont became a boomtown. Yet, tiring of his loss of privacy, in May 1901, <mask> sold his stock in the Guffey Petroleum Company, and continued his scientific search for oil in the United States and Mexico. Legacy
The <mask> Gusher helped revolutionize world fuel use and transformed the economy of southeast Texas.It helped further the development of the combustion engine automobile since significant amounts of energy were needed for fuel. The city of Houston become the national center of the oil industry, with the United States surpassing Russia as the world's leading producer. <mask> <mask> is considered to be the founder of modern petroleum reservoir engineering. He later served as a consulting engineer in Romania, Russia, Mexico, Algeria, as well as in the United States. As a successful businessman and expert in mining, <mask> was the lifelong chairman of the American Committee for Oil and Gas. Inventions and

masks:
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Lucas
Anthony Francis
Lucas
Lucas


title: Anthony Francis Lucas

texts:
 applications
A number of <mask> inventions and scientific or technical knowledge were used in early oil exploration and extraction, with most still being employed. Some are:
 overhead method of mining in salt mines
 surface exploration for underground mineral deposits
 application of steam-driven, hydraulic-rotary drilling rig and of mud in oil well drilling
 construction and application of back pressure valve
 construction of blowout preventers
 designing of well logs
 invention of the Christmas tree oil well

Heritage
<mask> died on September 2, 1921, in Washington, D.C.He was often mistakenly described as Austrian, sometimes even as a Trieste-born Italian. On his grave in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C., he is described as being of Illyric origin, which was the standard term for Croatian at the time. In 1936, the American Institute for Geological and Metallurgical Investigations founded the Anthony F. <mask> Gold Medal prize for development in the area of oil exploration. A museum with a granite obelisk was built to honor the explorer about which is inscribed: "On this spot on the tenth day of the twentieth century a new era in civilization began." A street and an elementary school in Beaumont, Texas, bear his name. Notes

1855 births
1921 deaths
American petroleum geologists
Texas Oil Boom people
Wildcatters
History of the petroleum industry in the United States
Austro-Hungarian Navy officers
Austro-Hungarian emigrants to the United States
People from Beaumont, Texas
Engineers from Trieste
Burials at Rock Creek Cemetery
19th-century American geologists
20th-century American

masks: Lucas Lucas Lucas


title: Guy Bertrand (chemist)

texts:
<mask>, born on July 17, 1952 at Limoges is a chemistry professor at the University of California, San Diego. <mask> obtained his B.Sc. from the University of Montpellier in 1975 and his Ph.D. from the Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, in 1979. He was a postdoctoral researcher at Sanofi Research, France, in 1981. The research interests of <mask> and his co-workers lie mainly in the chemistry of with main group elements from group 13 to 16, at the border between organic, organometallic and inorganic chemistry; especially their use in stabilizing carbenes, nitrenes, phosphinidenes, radicals and biradicals, 1,3-dipoles, anti-aromatic heterocycles, and more. He has directed the synthesis of some original persistent carbenes, including bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenylidene, the first example of a carbene with all-carbon environment that is stable at room-temperature. <mask> is an honorific member or fellow of several scientific societies, such as the AAAS (2006), the French Academy of Sciences (2004), the European Academy of Sciences (2003), Academia Europaea (2002), and the recipient of various prizes and awards.Scientific work
Questioning the current dogma is a design feature of <mask>'s research program. He has made many important contributions to the chemistry of main group elements and new binding systems in inorganic, organometallic and organic chemistry. Throughout his career, he has isolated a variety of species that were supposed to be only transitional intermediates, and are now powerful tools for chemists. Its best-known contribution was the discovery in 1988 of the first stable carbene, a (phosphino)(silyl)carbene, three years before Arduengo's report on a stable N-heterocyclic carbene. <mask> is at the origin of the chemistry of stable carbenes. Since then, he has made several revolutionary discoveries that have allowed us to better understand the stability of carbenes. He was the first to isolate cyclopropenylidenes, mesoionic carbenes that cannot

masks:
Guy Bertrand
Bertrand
Bertrand
Guy Bertrand
Guy Bertrand
Guy Bertrand


title: Guy Bertrand (chemist)

texts: dimerize, resulting in a relaxation of steric requirements for their isolation More importantly, he discovered cyclic (alkyl) (amino) (amino) carbenes (CAACs), including the recently published six-membered version.CAACs are even richer in electrons than NHCs and phosphines, but at the same time, due to the presence of a single pair of free electrons on nitrogen, CAACs are more accepting than NHCs. The electronic properties of CAACs stabilize highly reactive species, including organic and major group radicals, as well as paramagnetic metal species, such as gold complexes (0), which were completely unknown. CAACs have also allowed the isolation of bis(copper)acetylide complexes, which are key catalytic intermediates in the famous "Click Reaction", and which were supposed to be only transient species. He also used CAACs to prepare and isolate the first isoelectronic nucleophilic tricoordinated organoborane from amines. These recent developments appear paradoxical since they consist in using carbenes long considered as prototypic reactive intermediates to isolate otherwise unstable molecules. Among the large-scale applications already known of CAACs are their use as a ligand for transition metal catalysts. For example, in collaboration with Grubbs, <mask> has shown that ruthenium catalysts bearing a CAAC are extremely active in the ethenolysis of methyl oleate.This is the first time that a series of metathesis catalysts have performed so well in cross-metathesis reactions using ethylene gas, with sufficient activity to make ethenolysis applicable to the industrial production of linear alpha-olefins (LAOs) and other olefinic end products from biomass. Today, hundreds of academic and industrial groups use <mask>'s CAACs and other carbenes in transition metal catalysis, but also for other purposes. The most recent developments cover a wide range from nanoparticle stabilization to the antibacterial and anti-cancer properties of silver (I) and gold (I) complexes. A CAAC-copper

masks:
Guy Bertrand
Guy Bertrand


title: Guy Bertrand (chemist)

texts:
 complex even allows OLEDs to be used with a quantum efficiency close to 100% at high brightness. The discovery of stable carbenes was a breakthrough for fundamental chemistry, a real paradigm shift, but its importance also comes, and perhaps more importantly, from applications. In his review article on "N-heterocyclic carbenes", a terminology that includes carbenes, Glorius et al. wrote: "The discovery and development of N-heterocyclic carbenes is undoubtedly one of the greatest successes of recent chemical research", "N-heterocyclic carbenes are today among the most powerful tools in organic chemistry, with many applications in commercially important processes", "the meteoric rise of NHC is far from over".<mask>'s contribution is not limited to carbenes. Recent highlights include the isolation of the first stable nitrenes and phosphinidenes. He showed that the first can be used to transfer a nitrogen atom to organic fragments, a difficult task for nitrido complexes of transition metals. For the second, it has recently demonstrated that it mimics the behaviour of transition metals, just like carbenes. Honours and awards
He was awarded the CNRS silver medal in 1998. He is a member of the French Academy of Technology (2000), the Academia Europaea (2002), the European Academy of Sciences (2003), the French Academy of Sciences (2004) and the American Association for Advancement of Sciences (2006). He was recently awarded the Sir Ronald Nyholm Medal from the SRC (2009), the Grand Prix Le Bel from the French Chemical Society (2010), the ACS Prize in Inorganic Chemistry (2014), the Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson Prize from the SRC (2016) and the Sacconi Medal from the Italian Chemical Society (2017).He is one of the associate editors of Chemical Reviews and a member of the editorial boards of several journals. He is Chevalier of the Légion d'Honneur. References

University of California, San Diego faculty
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Inorganic chemists
Organic


title: Nikos Kavvadias

texts:
<mask> (; January 11, 1910 in Nikolsk-Ussuriysky – February 10, 1975 in Athens) was a Greek poet, writer and a sailor by profession. He used his travels around the world, the life at sea and its adventures, as powerful metaphors for the escape of ordinary people, outside the boundaries of reality. His poems are widely regarded as belonging to symbolism, and he has been characterized by some as a poète maudit. Early life and education

Kavvadias was born in Nikolsk-Ussuriysky (now Ussuriysk in the Primorsky Krai region of Russia), where his father was a merchant. He believed that this had established a permanent connection between him and the Far East as he wrote in one of his short stories titled "Li". His parents were Greek, originating from the island of Kefalonia and as a young child he had the opportunity to travel extensively. His family returned to their island of origin for a few years before finally moving to Piraeus in 1921.He wrote his first poems while in school. In 1928, after having graduated from high school he sat an entrance exam for medical school but as his father fell sick the same year, young Kavvadias was forced to get a job as an office clerk in a shipping company to help his family. He lasted only a few months and after his father's death, he went on board the freighter ship Agios Nikolaos (Saint Nicholas) as a sailor. For the following years he worked on freighter boats, returning home wretched and penniless. At that point he aspired to train as a captain but settled for a


title: Nikos Kavvadias

texts:
 Mikroutsikos made a great comeback to the subject in 1991, when he released his record Lines of the Horizons which included a whopping 17 of Kavvadias' poems set to song. Though many of the songs were the same as in the 1979 album - only reperformed - the record was very well received.Some of the poems that have been set to music since 1967 are:

1979: Woman (Γυναίκα)
 1979: Esmeralda (Εσμεράλδα)
 1979: Cambay's water
 1979: Federico Garcia Lorca
 1979: Kuro Siwo
1984: Black and White
1986: Yara yara
1987: The Monkey (Η μαϊμού)
 1989: Letter to a Poet (Γράμμα σ’ έναν ποιητή)
1992: A bord de l΄ aspasia

Works

Poetry
 1933: Marabu (Μαραμπού, Marampou)
 1947: Fog (Πούσι)
 1975: Traverso (Τραβέρσο)
 1975: Mal du départ (Ιδανικός Κι Ανάξιος Εραστής, Idanikós Ki Anáxios Erastís)
 1979: Esmeralda (Εσμεράλδα)
 1987: The Collected Poems of <mask> Kavadias, tr. G. Holst-Warhaft [Greek and English texts]

Prose
 1954: The Shift (Βάρδια)
 1987: Li (Λί); on 1995 adapted to film
 1987: Of War/On My Horse (Του Πολέμου/Στ' άλογό μου)

References

External links
 A website with poems by Kavvadias (Greek originals & English translations)
 "The Affinity between Anthropology and Literature: Reflections on the Poetics of Ethnography in the work of <mask> Kavvadias" by Michelangelo Paganopoulos (LSE 2007)

1910 births
1975 deaths
People from Ussuriysk
Greek Resistance members
Modern Greek poets
Greek sailors
Maritime culture
20th-century Greek poets
National Liberation Front (Greece) members
Greek expatriates in the

masks: Nikos Nikos


title: Lucian Grainge

texts:
Sir <mask>  (born 29 February 1960) is the chairman and chief executive officer of Universal Music Group. Over the course of his career, he has worked with artists including Lady Gaga, Amy Winehouse, ABBA, Eurythmics, Rihanna, Shawn Mendes, Kanye West, Sam Smith, Take That, Psychedelic Furs, The Rolling Stones, Sting, Jamie Cullum and Andrea Bocelli. Grainge has worked in the music business for his entire career. Billboard magazine named Grainge as the most powerful person in the music business on four occasions in the 2010s, and the first-ever Executive of the Decade. Early life and career
<mask> grew up in North London. He was raised Jewish. Grainge left Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School for Boys at the age of 18, and began working as a runner at MPC, a talent scout company in 1978.After contacting several record label bosses, he was offered a job by Maurice Oberstein, chairman of CBS Records, working at publishing company April Music's A&R department. His first signing was The Psychedelic Furs. In 1982, he became the director of RCA Music Publishing. Two years later he became an A&R director for MCA Records. He set up PolyGram Music Publishing in 1986 and joined Polydor as general manager of A&R and business affairs in 1993. He was promoted to managing director of Polydor in 1997. Universal Music Group
Grainge became the chairman of the UK division of the Universal Music Group, and then in 2005 of Universal Music Group International.He served in this position until 2010. On 1 January 2011 he became CEO of Universal Music Group, and then chairman on 9 March 2011, succeeding Doug Morris. Within his first year as chairman & CEO of Universal, the company acquired EMI's Recorded Music operations. Grainge argued that selling to Universal was the only way to

masks:
Lucian Charles Grainge
Grainge


title: Lucian Grainge

texts:
 improve EMI, for the benefit of the entire industry. UMG subsequently attempted to revitalise former EMI labels including Capitol Records and Virgin Records. Commenting on the EMI acquisition, Buzzfeed commented that "Grainge will go down as the master architect of what is likely to be the last big deal in the music business". As chairman and Chief Executive of Universal, <mask> has also sought to increase the group's international digital expansion via distribution partnerships with technology companies, including Apple, Spotify, Facebook, Tencent, and YouTube.Grainge led the 2017 multi-year global license agreement between UMG and Spotify. Grainge led the acquisition of Bravado, then part of Sanctuary, and transformed it into UMG's entertainment merchandising and brand management division, Bravado. The company represents artists including Justin Bieber, Lady Gaga, and Kanye West, and has formed partnerships with retailers including Barneys, Bloomingdale's and Selfridge's. Grainge also oversaw the expansion of classical labels Deutsche Grammophon and Decca Classics, and agreed a global strategic partnership with entertainment company Live Nation. In 2017, UMG was worth $22 billion, triple what it was worth when Grainge took over at the company. In July 2018, JPMorgan said that UMG could be worth as much as $40 billion and then increased the valuation to $50 billion in 2019. In 2015, Vivendi announced that <mask> had agreed to extend his tenure as UMG's chairman and CEO until at least 2020, stating he was key to its strategy.Under his management, UMG experienced growth in annual revenue, digital recorded music revenue and EBITDA. Grainge successfully floated UMG into its IPO in 2021. Personal life
In January 1993, Grainge married his first wife, attorney

masks: Grainge Grainge


title: Lucian Grainge

texts:
 Samantha Berg. That November, she experienced complications while giving birth to their son Elliot, and fell into a coma from which she never recovered. She died in England in 2007. Elliot is founder and CEO of independent record label 10K Projects. In 2002, Grainge married his second wife, Caroline.Their daughter Alice was born in 2001. They also have a daughter, Betsy. In November 2012 Grainge and his wife reportedly paid US$13 million for a house in Pacific Palisades. They had previously leased a Brentwood home from the owner of Rhino Entertainment. In 2020, <mask> was hospitalised after contracting COVID-19 and was later admitted from hospital. His older brother was <mask>, the founder of Ensign Records. Honours and awards
In 2008, Grainge received the Music Industry Trusts' Award, which recognises the world's most successful music executives.The award was presented by members of U2, and Take That performed at the ceremony. <mask> was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2010 New Year Honours for services to the creative industries. In 2012, he was appointed a British Business Ambassador by the UK Prime Minister David Cameron. He was knighted in the 2016 Birthday Honours for services to British business and inward investment. He was inaugurated to appointment to the Order of the British Empire and Knight Bachelor by Prince William on 29 November 2016. <mask> is a trustee of the American Friends of The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry. In 2013, he received the Humanitarian Award from The Foundation for Ethnic Understanding.That same year, UMG was honoured with a SAG-AFTRA American Scene Award, recognising the company's commitment to diversity as exemplified by its "entire catalog and

masks:
Grainge
Nigel Grainge
Grainge
Grainge


title: Lucian Grainge

texts: roster of artists." In 2014, he was awarded the President's Merit Award ("Icon Award") by the Grammy Award in recognition of his significant contributions to the music industry. In 2015, he received the Spirit of Life Award from the City of Hope, awarded for outstanding achievements in business and dedication to philanthropic causes. Grainge serves on the boards of Lionsgate and Northeastern University. In 2015, Grainge was featured in Amy, a documentary film depicting the life and death of British singer Amy Winehouse. In October 2016, Variety presented Grainge with its 2016 Empowerment Award for overseeing a "noticeable shift in the demographics of the industry leader’s C-suites" with women occupying some of the highest executive positions at Universal Music Group. In May 2017, the Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity announced that Grainge would be honored as the 2017 Media Person of the Year, the first music executive to receive this honour.Philip Thomas, CEO of Ascential Events, organizers of Cannes Lions, praised his "bold investments in music and technology that helped return the industry to growth, while continuing to foster an environment that puts artists first". In June 2018, <mask> Richmond Hitmaker award. At the ceremony, Ariana Grande performed in his honor and Grainge was inducted by The Weeknd. He was awarded an honorary doctorate of music by the Berklee College of Music in May 2016 and an honorary doctorate of global commerce by Northeastern University in May 2017. In March 2019, Grainge received a PTTOW! Icon Award, which "honors trailblazers in their industries who have had an impact on culture around the world." In September 2019, Grainge received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by


title: Lucian Grainge

texts:
 Awards Council member Peter Gabriel.Billboard named <mask> as the first-ever Executive of the Decade after he topped the magazine's "Power 100" list as the most powerful person in the music business in 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019 and 2022. He is the only person to ever hold that distinction more than once and for consecutive years. Irving Azoff called him "'the great hope for the music business'" and Jimmy Iovine commented that Grainge "is working to restore [a] spirit of risk-taking and innovation" by being "'willing and open to entrepreneurship and that kind of thing the record industry has gotten depleted of.'" An interview feature in Billboard described Grainge as "a fierce and tireless advocate for the recorded-music business". In 2013, CNET wrote that "Grainge is positioning Universal to lead the pack" of major labels in their embracing of new digital opportunities. A 2014 front-page Los Angeles Times profile said that "if anyone can save the music business, it might be Grainge." In January 2020, Grainge was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame with UMG artists including Beck, Justin Bieber, Birdman, Lewis Capaldi, Tori Kelly, Sam Smith, and Hailee Steinfeld in attendance.Shawn Mendes and Lionel Richie were the ceremony's featured presenters. Ellen K of KOST Radio Morning Show host, the emcee of the event, said, "I've never seen so many stars show up to a Walk of Fame ceremony before." References

External links
 The Rise of <mask> Grainge
 Mandelson web cutoff plan 'potentially illegal'

Living people
1960 births
British Jews
British music industry executives
American music industry executives
Universal Music Group
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Bachelor
Businesspeople awarded knighthoods
People from Pacific Palisades,

masks: Grainge Lucian


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts:
<mask>, 1st Viscount <mask> (May 1619 – 29 November 1695), Scottish lawyer and statesman, was born at Drummurchie, Barr, Ayrshire. Biography
<mask> descended from several generations of a family inclined to the principles of the Reformation. He had ancestors among the Lollards of Kyleboth both on his father's and his mother's side. His father, <mask>, laird of the small estate of Stair in the District of Kyle, Ayrshire, died when he was an infant. His mother, Janet Kennedy of Knockdaw, is described as "a woman of excellent spirit", who took care to have him well-educated. From the grammar school at Mauchline he went, in 1633, to the University of Glasgow, where he graduated in arts on 26 July 1637. Next year he went to Edinburgh, probably with the intention of studying law, but the troubles of the times, then approaching a crisis, led him to change his course, and we next find him serving in the Earl of Glencairn's regiment in the War of the Covenant.What part he took in it is not certainly known, but he was in command of a troop when recalled in 1641 to compete for a regency (as a tutorship or professorship was then called) in the University of Glasgow. He was elected in March. Mathematics, logic, ethics and politics were the chief subjects of his lectures, and a notebook on logic by one of his students has been preserved. His activity and skill in matters of college business were praised by his colleagues, who numbered amongst them some of the leading Covenanting divines, and his

masks:
James Dalrymple
Stair
James Dalrymple
James Dalrymple


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts: zeal in teaching was gratefully acknowledged by his students. After nearly seven years' service he resigned his regency, and removed to Edinburgh, where he was admitted to the bar on 17 February 1648. This step had probably been rendered easier by his marriage, four years before, to Margaret Ross, co-heiress of Balneil in Wigtown. Stair's practice at the bar does not appear to have been large.His talents lay rather in the direction of learning and business than of oratory or advocacy. His reputation and the confidence reposed in him were shown by his appointment in 1649 as secretary to the commission sent to the Hague to treat with Charles II by the Scots Parliament. The negotiation having been broken off through the unwillingness of the young king to accept the terms of the Covenanters, <mask> was again sent in the following year to Breda, where the failure of Montrose's expedition forced Charles to change his attitude and to return to Scotland as the covenanted king. <mask> had preceded him, and met him on his landing in Aberdeenshire, probably carrying with him the news of the execution of Montrose, which he had witnessed. During the Commonwealth of England, <mask> continued to practise at the bar, but like most of his brethren he refused in 1654 to take the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth. Three years later, on the death of <mask>, Lord Balcomie, <mask> was appointed one of the Commissioners for the Administration of Justice in Scotland, on the recommendation of Monk. His

masks:
Stair
Stair
Stair
James Learmonth
Stair


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts: appointment to the bench on 1 July 1657, by Monk, was confirmed by Oliver Cromwell on the 26th.<mask>'s association with the English judges at this time must have enlarged his acquaintance with English law, as his travels had extended his knowledge of the civil law and the modern European systems which followed it. He thus acquired a singular advantage when he came to write on law, regarding it from a cosmopolitan, or international, rather than a merely local or national point of view. His actual discharge of judicial duty at this time was short, for after the death of Cromwell the courts in Scotland were shut—a new commission issued in 1660 not having taken effect, it being uncertain in whose name the commission ought to run. It was during this period that <mask> became intimate with Monk, who is said to have been advised by him when he left Scotland to call a full and free parliament. Soon after the Restoration <mask> went to London, where he was received with favour by Charles, knighted, and included in the new nomination of judges in the Court of Session on 13 February 1661. He was also put on various important commissions, busied himself with local and agricultural affairs, and, like most of the Scottish judges of this and the following century, acted with zest and credit the part of a good country gentleman. In 1662 he was one of the judges who refused to take the declaration that the National Covenant and the Solemn League and Covenant were unlawful oaths, and, forestalling

masks: Stair Stair Stair


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts: the deposition which had been threatened as the penalty of continued non-compliance, he placed his resignation in the king's hands.The king, however, summoned him to London, and allowed him to take the declaration under an implied reservation. The next five years of <mask>'s life were comparatively uneventful, but in 1669 a family calamity, the exact facts of which will probably never be ascertained, overtook him. His daughter Janet, who had been betrothed to Lord Rutherfurd, was married to Dunbar of Baldoon, and some tragic incident occurred on the wedding night, from the effects of which she never recovered. As the traditions vary on the central fact, whether it was the bride who stabbed her husband, or the husband who stabbed the bride, no credence can be given to the mass of superstitions and spiteful slander which surrounded it, principally levelled at Lady <mask>. Sir Walter Scott took the plot of his Bride of Lammermoor from this incident, but he disclaimed any intention of making Lord <mask> the basis for Sir William Ashton. In 1670 <mask> served as one of the Scottish commissioners who went to London to treat of the Union, but the project, not seriously pressed by Charles and his ministers, broke down through a claim on the part of the Scots to what was deemed an excessive representation in the British parliament. In January 1671 <mask> was appointed Lord President of the Court of Session.In the following year, and again in 1673, he was returned to parliament for

masks: Stair Stair Stair Stair Stair


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts: Wigtownshire, and took part in the important legislation of those years in the department of private law. During the bad time of Lauderdale's government <mask> used his influence in the Privy Council and with Lauderdale to mitigate the severity of the orders passed against ecclesiastical offenders, but for the most part he abstained from attending a board whose policy he could not approve. In 1679 he went to London to defend the court against charges of partiality and injustice which had been made against it, and was thanked by his brethren for his success. When, in the following year, the Duke of York came to Scotland <mask> distinguished himself by a bold speech, in which he congratulated the duke on his coming amongst a nation which was entirely Protestant. This speech can have been little relished, and the duke was henceforth his implacable enemy. His influence prevented <mask> from being made Chancellor in 1681, on the death of the Duke of Rothes. The parliament of this year, in which <mask> again sat, was memorable for two statutes, one in private law and the other in public law.The former, relating to the testing of deeds, was drawn by <mask>, and is sometimes called by his name. The other was the infamous Test Act, probably the worst of the many measures devised at this period with the object of fettering the conscience by oaths. <mask> also had a minor share in the form which this law finally took, but it was confined to the insertion of a definition of "the Protestant

masks: Stair Stair Stair Stair Stair Stair


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts: religion", by which he hoped to make the test harmless, but his expectation was disappointed. Yet, self-contradictory and absurd as it was, the Test Act was at once rigidly enforced. Argyll, who declared he took it only insofar as it was consistent with itself and the Protestant religion, was tried and condemned for treason and narrowly saved his life by escaping from Edinburgh Castle the day before that fixed for his execution. <mask>, dreading a similar fate, went to London to seek a personal interview with the king, who had more than once befriended him, perhaps remembering his services in the Netherlands, but the Duke of York intercepted his access to the royal ear, and when he returned to Scotland he found a new commission of judges issued, from which his name was omitted. He retired to his wife's estate in Galloway, and occupied himself with preparing for the press his great work, The Institutions of the Law of Scotland, which he published in the autumn of 1681, with a dedication to the king.He was not, however, allowed to pursue his legal studies in peaceful retirement. His wife was charged with attending conventicles, his factor and tenants severely fined, and he was himself not safe from prosecution at any moment. A fierce dispute arose between Claverhouse and <mask>'s son, John, Master of Stair, relative to the regality of Glenluce, and, both having appealed to the Privy Council, Claverhouse, as might have been expected, was cleared of all the charges brought against him

masks: Stair Stair


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts: and the Master was deprived of the regality. <mask> had still powerful friends, but his opponents were more powerful, and he received advice to quit the country. He repaired to Holland in October 1684, and took up his residence, along with his wife and some of his younger children, at Leiden. While there he published the Decisions of the Court of Session between 1666 and 1671, of which he had kept a daily record, and a small treatise on natural philosophy, entitled Physiologia nova experimentalis. In his absence a prosecution for treason was raised1 against him and others of the exiles by Sir George Mackenzie, the Lord Advocate.He was charged with accession to the rebellion of 1679, the Rye House Plot, and the expedition of Argyll. With the first two he had no connexion. With Argyll's unfortunate attempt he had no doubt sympathized, but the only proof of his complicity was slight, and was obtained by torture. The proceedings against him were never brought to an issue, having been continued by successive adjournments until 1687, when they were dropped. The cause of their abandonment was the appointment of his son, the Master of Stair, who had made his peace with <mask>, as Lord Advocate in place of Mackenzie, who was dismissed from office for refusing to relax the penal laws against the Roman Catholics. The Master only held office as Lord Advocate for a year, when he was "degraded to be Justice Clerk" the king and his advisers finding him not a fit tool for their purpose. <mask>

masks:
Stair
James II
Stair


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts: remained in Holland till the following year, when he returned under (from the Protestant viewpoint) happier auspices in the suite of William of Orange.William, who had made his acquaintance through Fagel, Grand Pensionary of the States of Holland, was ever afterwards the firm friend of <mask> and his family. The Master was made Lord Advocate, and, on the murder of Lockhart of Carnwath in the following year, <mask> was again placed at the head of the Court of Session. An unscrupulous opposition, headed by Montgomery of Skelmorlie who coveted the office of Secretary for Scotland, and Lord Ross, who aimed at the presidency of the court, sprang up in the Scottish parliament, and an anonymous pamphleteer, perhaps Montgomery himself or Ferguson the Plotter, attacked <mask> in a pamphlet entitled The Late Proceedings of the Parliament of Scotland Stated and Vindicated. He defended himself by publishing an Apology, which, in the opinion of impartial judges, was a complete vindication. Shortly after its issue he was created Viscount Stair (1690). He had now reached the summit of his prosperity, and the few years which remained of his old age were saddened by private and public cares. In 1692 he lost his wife, the faithful partner of his good and evil fortune for nearly fifty years.The massacre of the Macdonalds of Glencoe (13 February 1692), which has marked his son, the Master of Stair, with a stain which his great services to the state cannot efface—for he was undoubtedly the principal


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts:
 foundation of the judicial procedure in the Scottish courts for many years. On 29 November 1695 <mask>, who had been for some time in failing health, died at his house in Edinburgh, aged 76, and was buried in the church of St Giles. His Edinburgh house, the former palace of Mary of Guise on the Castlehill was purchased by John Wightman of Mauldslie, a future Lord Provost of Edinburgh. It was redeveloped in 1843 to build New College. In 1695 there was published in London a small volume with the title A Vindication of the Divine Perfections, Illustrating the Glory of God in them by Reason and Revelation, methodically digested By a Person of Honour.It was edited by the two Nonconformist divines, William Bates and John Howe, who had been in exile in the Netherlands along with <mask>, and is undoubtedly his work. Perhaps it had been a sketch of the " Inquiry Concerning Natural Theology " which he had contemplated writing in 1681. It is of no value as a theological work, for <mask> was no more a theologian than he was a man of science, but it is of interest as showing the serious bent of his thoughts and the genuine piety of his character. Works

<mask>'s major legal work, The Institutions of the Law of Scotland deduced from its Originals, and collated with the Civil, Canon and Feudal Laws and with the Customs of Neighbouring Nations, shows influences from his philosophical training, his foreign travels, and Continental jurists as well as English lawyers. Its name lives on in the Stair

masks: Stair Stair Stair Stair


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts:
 Memorial Encyclopaedia, which provides a contemporary statement of the Laws of Scotland. The Physiologia was favourably noticed by Robert Boyle. Offspring
<mask> was fortunate in his descendants."The family of Dalrymple", observed Sir Walter Scott,
"produced within two centuries as many men of talent, civil and military, of literary, political and professional eminence, as any house in Scotland." His five sons were all remarkable in their professions:
John, Master of Stair (1648–1707), who succeeded as 2nd Viscount of Stair and was later created 1st Earl of Stair in 1703, an able lawyer and politician, who is, however, principally remembered for his part in the massacre of Glencoe, is dealt with above. Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet, created a baronet in 1698, was one of the principal Clerks of Session, and a very thorough and accurate historical antiquary. Sir Hew Dalrymple of North Berwick (1652–1737) succeeded his father as president, and was reckoned one of the best lawyers and speakers of his time. He, too, was created a baronet in 1698. Thomas Dalrymple became physician to Queen Anne. Sir David Dalrymple, 1st Baronet (1665–1721), who was created a baronet in 1701, was Lord Advocate under Anne and George I.In 1709 he bought a fine Palladian mansion house, Whitehill (designed and built by the Scottish architect <mask>, 1645–1731), from Lord Bellenden and renamed it Newhailes. It stands to this day near Musselburgh, East Lothian, not far from Edinburgh. His grandson was the famous judge

masks:
Stair
James Dalrymple
James Smith


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts:
 and historian, Lord Hailes. <mask>'s grandson, John (1673–1747), rose to be a field-marshal and gained equal credit in war and diplomacy. He was ambassador in Paris (1715–1720), and, besides seeing service under Marlborough, was commander-in-chief of the British forces on the Continent in 1742, showing great gallantry at Dettingen. He had no son, and in 1707 had selected his nephew John (1720–1789) as heir to the title, but through a decision of the House of Lords in 1748 he only became 5th Earl, after his cousin <mask> and <mask>'s son had succeeded as 3rd and 4th Earls. John's son, the 6th Earl, died without issue, and a cousin again succeeded as 7th Earl, his two sons becoming 8th and 9th Earls.The 8th Earl (1771–1853) was a general in the army, and Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. The 9th Earl's son and grandson succeeded as 10th and 11th Earls. Published works
Theses logicae, metaphysicae, physicae, mathematicae, et ethicae. Glasgow, 1646 (partial translation available of section: Ethical Theses)
An apology for Sir <mask> of Stair, President of the Session, by himself ... Edinburgh, 1690 (which responds to the pamphlet by Robert Ferguson: The late proceedings and votes of the Parliament of Scotland)
The decisions of the Lords of Council & Session, in the most important cases debate before them, with the Acts of Sederunt. As also, an alphabetical compend of the decisions, with an index of the Acts of Sederunt, and the pursuers and defenders names. From June 1661. to July

masks:
Stair
James
James
James Dalrymple


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts:
 1681. ... observed by Sir <mask> of Stair.2 vols. Edinburgh, 1683
The institutions of the law of Scotland, deduced from its originals, and collated with the civil, canon and feudal laws; and with the customs of neighbouring nations ... . Edinburgh, 1681 (which includes his:Modus litigandi, or form of process observed before the Lords of Council and Session in Scotland. Edinburgh, 1681)
The institutions of the law of Scotland, deduced from its originals, and collated with the civil, canon and feudal laws, and with the customs of neighbouring nations. 2nd ed. Edinburgh, 1693
The institutions of the law of Scotland, deduced from its originals, and collated with the civil, and feudal-laws, and with the customs of neighbouring nations. 3rd ed. Edinburgh, 1759
The institutions of the law of Scotland deduced from its originals and collated with the civil, canon and feudal laws and with the customs of neighbouring nations.New ed. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1832. The institutions of the law of Scotland deduced from its originals, and collated with the civil, canon and feudal laws, and with the customs of neighbouring nations … ; edited by David M. Walker. Edinburgh : University Presses of Edinburgh and Glasgow, 1981. (Text based on the 1693 edition)
The laws of Scotland : Stair memorial encyclopaedia. Edinburgh : Butterworths, 1999-
Physiologia nova experimentalis in qua generales notiones Aristotelis, Epicuri, & Cartesii supplentur errores deteguntur & emendantur ….Lugduni-Batavorum [Leiden],


title: James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount of Stair

texts:
 [1686]

References

Further reading
J. M. Graham: Annals and correspondence of the Viscount and the first and second Earls of Stair, Edinburgh, 1875, 2 volumes. A. J. G. Mackay, Memoir of Sir <mask>, first Viscount Stair ...: a study in the history of Scotland and Scotch law during the seventeenth century. Edinburgh, 1873
Sir <mask> Paul: The Scots' Peerage, founded on Wood's edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, Edinburgh, 9 vols., 1904–1914

References

External links
The Stair Society - founded in 1934 "to encourage the study and to advance the knowledge of Scots law." 1619 births
1695 deaths
People from South Ayrshire
Stair
Scottish lawyers
Scottish politicians
Viscounts in the Peerage of Scotland
Peers of Scotland created by William II
Shire Commissioners to the Parliament of Scotland
People of the Rye House Plot
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Scottish legal writers
Lords President of the Court of Session
17th-century Scottish peers
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1669–1674
Members of the Convention of the Estates of Scotland 1678
Members of the Parliament of Scotland

masks:
James Dalrymple
James Balfour


title: Domingos Fernandes Calabar

texts:
<mask> (c. 1600–1635) was a Portuguese soldier, smuggler, and plantation owner during the time of the Netherlands intrusion into Brazil. He first fought for Portugal against the Netherlands before switching sides and fighting for  the Netherlands. He was eventually captured and executed by the Portuguese for treason. Personal life

Little is known of <mask>'s life in Brazil. <mask> was born around 1600 in Alagoas, then part of the Captaincy of Pernambuco. He was baptized as a Catholic on 15 March 1610. <mask> studied with the Jesuits, and it is believed that he made money from smuggling.It is also believed that he was a mulatto; however, several chroniclers dispute this and claim that he was a mameluco. With the Portuguese

In 1580, Portugal passed under the Spanish rule by marriage of King Philip II with a Portuguese Princess after the death of her brother the King. The Netherlands were an ally of Portugal until then, but an enemy of the Spaniards. Strong merchant ties between the Netherlands and Portugal resulted in the establishment of a truce which lasted until 1621, when fighting between the Dutch and Portuguese began. The Dutch West India Company invaded Bahia, a state of Brazil, and was subsequently expelled in 1625 by a Spanish and Portuguese army. The grandson of Duarte Coelho, Matias de Albuquerque, Calabar traveled from Spain to Brazil in order to coordinate the defense of the country from Dutch attacks. Portugal gave him only 27 soldiers, but he also recruited native men to serve as soldiers under him.Calabar retreated after Olinda fell to the Dutch and engaged in guerrilla warfare,

masks:
Domingos Fernandes Calabar
Calabar
Calabar
Calabar


title: Domingos Fernandes Calabar

texts:
 admiration:

Capture

The conflict between the Spanish and Portuguese and the Dutch lasted five years. Forced to retreat more and more, Matias de Albuquerque went to Alagoas, taking about 8,000 men. Close to Porto Calvo was a group of approximately 380 Dutch, among them Calabar.One resident of this place, Sebastião do Souto, volunteered to infiltrate the Dutch ranks. Souto went to the Dutch commander, Picard, saying that he had changed sides, and convinced him to attack the Portuguese forces of Albuquerque, who Souto said had no more than 200 men. The trap worked, and when the Dutch troops attacked, they were defeated by Matias de Albuquerque's Portuguese troops and Calabar was captured in the process. Execution

<mask> was executed for treason against Portugal. He was garroted, quartered, and displayed openly on the palisade fortress. Robert Southey, a historian, says of this:

With much patience received the death, giving many signs of sincere contrition for all his misdeeds, accompanied by so devout hope of forgiveness. the priest confessor Fr Manuel do Salvador who watched the last moments had kept no doubt on the salvation of the sufferer.Asked if he knew some Portuguese who were in treacherous correspondence with the enemy, Calabar replied that he knew much about this chapter, not being of the lowest people involved

In Porto Calvo, now under the command of Arciszewski, the Netherlands paid him funeral honors.Two years later, in 1637, Prince Maurice of Nassau came to Brazil. Prince Maurice contributed to the idea that the Dutch colonization would be better than others, something


title: Adnan Sami

texts:
<mask> (born 15 August 1971) is an Indian singer, musician, music composer, and pianist. He performs Indian and Western music, including for Hindi movies. He has been awarded with Padma Shri (India's fourth highest civilian award) for his remarkable contribution in music. His most notable instrument is the piano. He has been credited as "the first musician to have played the santoor and Indian classical music on the piano". A review in the US-based Keyboard magazine described him as the fastest keyboard player in the world and called him the keyboard discovery of the nineties. He was raised and educated in the United Kingdom and spent his life in Canada.He was born to Arshad <mask>, a Pakistani Air Force veteran and diplomat of Pashtun origin, and Naureen, who was originally from the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The Times of India has called him the "Sultan of Music". In 2016 he became an Indian citizen. He was awarded the Padma Shri on 26 January 2020. Early life and education
<mask> was born in London, England on 15 August 1971. He was raised and educated in the United Kingdom. His father, Arshad <mask>, was a Pakistani Pashtun while his mother Naureen Khan was an Indian from Jammu.<mask>'s father served as a Pakistan Air Force pilot, before becoming a senior bureaucrat and serving as Pakistan's ambassador to 14 countries. His paternal great-great-grandfather, General Ahmed Jan, was from Afghanistan and a military advisor to king Abdur Rahman Khan. His paternal great-grandfather Agha Mehfooz Jan was the governor of four Afghan provinces under King Amanullah Khan's reign and was also the King's first cousin, while his paternal grandfather <mask> Khan served as the Deputy Inspector

masks:
Adnan Sami Khan
Sami Khan
Sami
Sami Khan
Adnan
Abdul Sami


title: Adnan Sami

texts: General of Police. Agha Mehfooz Jan was assassinated by Habibullah Kalakani and therefore <mask>'s father's family migrated to Peshawar, then in British India. <mask> attended Rugby School in Rugby, West Midlands, UK. <mask> followed his bachelor's degree with a law degree (LLB) from King's College London. He went on to qualify as a barrister from Lincoln's Inn, England.He had played the piano since the age of five and composed his first piece of music when he was nine years old. <mask> began taking lessons in Indian classical music from the santoor maestro Pandit Shivkumar Sharma when visiting India during his school vacations. Indian singer Asha Bhosle saw him at age ten at an R. D. Burman concert in London, and encouraged him to take up music as a career. He is an accomplished concert pianist, music composer and singer with a command of Indian and Western classical/semi-classical music, jazz, rock and pop music. As a teenager, <mask>, when performing on the piano on a TV program in Stockholm, was described by the US-based Keyboard magazine as the fastest man on keyboard in the world and the keyboard discovery of the nineties. <mask> went on to learn Indian classical music from Pandit Shivkumar Sharma, the Santoor maestro in India. At the age of sixteen, <mask> was approached to write a song for famine-hit Ethiopia, for which he won a special award from UNICEF.In his career of 32 years, <mask> has won many international awards including the Nigar Award, Bolan Academy Award and Graduate Award. <mask> is the youngest recipient of the Naushad Music Award for Excellence in Music. Previous recipients of this award include Lata Mangeshkar and Music Maestro Khayam. <mask> was invited as a member

masks: Sami Sami Adnan Sami Adnan Sami Sami Sami Adnan Sami


title: Adnan Sami

texts:
 of the jury of the music festival Voice of Asia competition held annually at Almaty, Kazakhstan. Career

His first single, "Run for His Life", was released in 1986. It was in English, and recorded for UNICEF. It went to No.1 in the music charts in the Middle East. This was followed by three more No. 1s: "Talk to Me", "Hot Summer Day" and "You're My Best Kept Secret". His first formal album, The One & Only (1989), was a classical album on the piano accompanied by tabla maestro Zakir Hussain. He released his first vocal solo album Raag Time in 1991. The song from his album Teri Yaad was the title track of his first album, which became a huge hit in Pakistan. In 1994, he composed music for a film for the first time.The 1995 Pakistani film Sargam, in which he was the lead actor and Indian playback singer Asha Bhosle did the playback Sargam, was a box office success. It was also the first time that an Indian playback singer was featured in an album in Pakistan. To date Sargam is the only film <mask> has acted in, and the score is the best-selling album of all time in Pakistan. In 2000, Asha Bhosle collaborated with <mask> on a collection of love songs named Kabhi to Nazar Milao in India. The music was also composed by <mask>. The album became an instant success and topped the Indipop charts for most of 2001 and 2002. According to Business Week magazine, the album sold 4 million copies in India alone.Two songs from the album Kabhi To Nazar Milao, whose music video featured model Aditi Gowitrikar, and Lift Karaa De, whose music video starred the popular Indian actor Govinda became popular at that time. The videos were shot by Anil Mehta, who had shot popular Hindi films like Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam

masks: Sami Sami Adnan


title: Adnan Sami

texts: and Lagaan. Because of the album's success, Magnasound and <mask> released an album named Always Yours which was a remix version of numbers from that album. He soon became popular, which led Hindi filmmaker Boney Kapoor to invite him to provide music for his film. This was the beginning for him to compose and sing for Hindi films and for the top Hindi film producers of the time like Yash Chopra and Subhash Ghai. Due to the popularity of his music videos and live performances, he started getting acting offers at the same time. The song "Tu Sirf Mera Mehboob" from the Hindi film Ajnabee, sung by <mask>, became popular and was declared a "superhit" by Screen Magazine, who called him the pop personality of the year in 2001.In 2002, Pepsi Foods made <mask> its brand ambassador in India, a contract which involved hosting a series of live music concerts across cities as well as featuring in ads for Pepsi products. He is the only artist in all of Asia and Europe to have endorsed Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola together. According to the Pakistani newspaper Dawn, no Pakistani artist has ever managed to gain as much popularity in India as <mask> has. According to an article in The Times of India, <mask> is the "most successful face in non-film music in India". His second studio album, Tera Chehra, was released in October 2002 to critical acclaim. The music videos for this album were shot by Binod Pradhan, who had shot the popular 2002 Hindi film Devdas. The album features Bollywood stars Rani Mukerji in the title track and Amitabh Bachchan in the track "Kabhi Nahi", who also sang the duet with <mask>.Actress Mahima Chaudhry was also seen in another song. The title track was written by well-known Hindi movie

masks: Sami Adnan Sami Sami Sami Sami


title: Adnan Sami

texts: lyricist Sameer. According to Screen Magazine, it was the only successful pop album of the year. <mask>'s Tera Chehra broke sales records by becoming India's best-selling album of 2002 (including film soundtracks), continuing its No. 1 position in 2003, and by becoming the best-selling Indian album of all time (including film soundtracks) in the U.S. and Canada. The album stayed in the No. 1 position in all the music charts of India from the time of its release in September 2002 for over a year, beating his debut album's No.1 record. Saathiya (2002) brought him the opportunity to work with A. R. Rahman in the form of "Aye Udi Udi". According to Screen Magazine, the song was "the highlight of the album". Rediff.com called him the "Reigning King of Indipop" in early 2003 based on the sales of his albums in the previous two years. His most successful albums have been Kabhi To Nazar Milao (with Asha Bhosle) and Tera Chehra, and his music videos usually have had Bollywood stars in them, including Namrata Shirodkar ("Bheegi Bheegi Raat"), Mahima Chaudhry, Raveena Tandon, Rani Mukerji ("Tera Chehra"), Govinda, Fardeen Khan, Amisha Patel ("O Meri Jaan"), Bhumika Chawla ("Maahiya"), Dia Mirza ("Pal Do Pal") and Amitabh Bachchan (Kabhi Nahi). Since 2003, he has sung for a few Tamil movies like Boys, Aaytha Ezhuthu composed by A. R. Rahman. The songs, "Boom Boom" from Boys and "Nenjamellam Kadhal" from Aayitha Ezhuthu, were hits.He also sang for the Tamil and Telugu versions besides the Hindi version of songs from the movie Yuva (2004), whose music was also composed by A. R. Rahman. Besides Rahman, he has also worked with composer Yuvan Shankar Raja, and sang the Tamil songs "Oh Intha Kadhal" from


title: Adnan Sami

texts: Satham Podathey and "OruKal" from Siva Manasula Sakthi. He sang the song "Chanchadi Adi Urang Nee" in the Malayalam movie Makalkku. He has also sung for a Kannada film. His first Kannada song was "Don't Worry Madabeda" for the film Super Star starring Upendra. He has also worked with music composers Devi Sri Prasad and M. M. Keeravani and sang songs in Telugu films Varsham, Chatrapathi, Shankar Dada MBBS and 100% Love. In 2005, he suffered from lymphoedema and developed an abscess in the knee, which interrupted his career.In 2006, he took a sabbatical and reportedly lost 130 kg. He came back in April 2007 with the album Kisi Din. In 2007, he sang the soundtrack "Dil Kya Kare" from the Hindi film Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love and "Noor-e-Khuda" from My Name Is Khan. He was also one of the guest judges on the Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Challenge 2007. He has composed film music for several other Hindi films, including Lucky: No Time for Love, Yeh Raaste Hain Pyar Ke, Dhamaal, 1920, Chance Pe Dance, Mumbai Salsa, Khubsoorat, Sadiyaan, Shaurya and several others. As a classical concert pianist, <mask> has given solo performances before royalty such as the King of Sweden and King Hussein of Jordan. He has performed before heads of state and governments such as President Mitterrand of France, the President of the United Arab Emirates, the President and Prime Minister of India, the President and Prime Minister of Pakistan, the President and Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, the Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, the Prime Minister of Sweden and Princess Christina of Sweden.<mask> has performed for music festivals to sold-out stadiums of his solo concert tours all over the world in over forty countries. <mask> wrote a

masks: Sami Adnan Sami


title: Adnan Sami

texts: song for India during the 2003 Cricket World Cup. The video of this song captures the nationalistic spirit of competition, depicting <mask> performing with the Indian cricket team with guest appearances from Indian film stars like Amitabh Bachchan, Abhishek Bachchan, Fardeen Khan and Kareena Kapoor. His work has associated him with prominent people from the Indian film and music industry. On 15 December 2002, BBC World Service celebrated 70 years of broadcasting by organizing a worldwide live concert with artists representing different parts of the world who performed before a global audience via satellite. <mask> was chosen to represent India. In the summer of 2003, <mask> became the only musical artist from the entire Asian region to have sold out Wembley Stadium in London for two nights in a row; this was recorded in the Limca Book of World Records (Asia's equivalent to the West's Guinness Book of World Records).He did this again in 2005, 2008, and 2012. In 2010, <mask> received the "Lifetime Achievement Award" from the Prime Minister of Pakistan at a ceremony by Pakistan Television. In 2011, <mask> was given the "Glory of India Award" by the India International Friendship Society. This was the 350th anniversary of the completion of the Taj Mahal, and <mask> gave a solo concert performance in front of the Taj Mahal on the final night of the celebrations. After this performance, the Indian media dubbed him the "Sultan of Music". He hosted the Indian version of the American music game show Don't Forget the Lyrics! called Bol Baby Bol on the Star TV network in 2008.Prior to that in 2005, he was the sole jury for the singing competition program on Channel [V] called Super Singer. In 2011,

masks: Adnan Sami Sami Sami Sami Sami


title: Adnan Sami

texts:
 <mask> returned as a judge on the singing reality show Sa Re Ga Ma Pa L'il Champs, which became popular worldwide. He performed a qawwali "Bhar Do Jholi Meri" in the 2015 film Bajrangi Bhaijaan, he appeared in the movie as well. Personal life
<mask> first married to actress Zeba Bakhtiar in 1993, with whom he had a son named Azaan <mask>. They divorced after three years. <mask> began living in India since 13 March 2001, on a visitor's visa which was extended from time to time. In 2001, <mask> married Dubai-based Arab Sabah Galadari.This was his second marriage and Sabah's second marriage as well; she had a son from her previous marriage. This relationship also ended in divorce, a year-and-a-half later. In June 2006, he weighed 230 kilograms (506 lb); he claimed his doctor had given him just six months to live. By diet and exercise, he lost  in 16 months. In 2008, his wife Sabah returned to Mumbai, remarried him and began living with him, but the marriage only lasted one year, after which Sabah filed for divorce again. In 2009, his father died of pancreatic cancer, which he described as the "biggest blow" of his life, saying that he had been extremely close to his father. On 29 January 2010 <mask> married Roya <mask>, the daughter of a retired diplomat and army general.He first met Roya in India during her visit in 2010 and proposed to her after some time. On 10 May 2017, he became a father to a daughter, <mask> Khan. On 26 May 2015, he submitted a request for Indian citizenship to the Ministry of Home Affairs, when his Pakistani passport expired, he had lived an adequate number of years in India that made him eligible for Indian citizenship hence he naturalised as an Indian citizen. In late

masks:
Adnan
Sami
Sami Khan
Sami
Sami
Sami
Sami Khan
Medina Sami


title: Adnan Sami

texts:
 December 2015, the Indian Home Ministry approved his request for legal status as a citizen of India, effective as of 1 January 2016. Filmography

As an actor
 Sargam (1995)
 Bajrangi Bhaijaan (2015)

As a playback singer

Urdu songs

Hindi songs

Telugu songs

Tamil songs

Kannada songs

Other languages

As a music director and composer
 Sargam (1995)
 Love at Times Square (2003)
 Lucky: No Time for Love (2005)
 Dhamaal (2007)
 Mumbai Salsa (2007)
 Khushboo (2008)
 1920 (2008)
 Shaurya (2008)
 Daddy Cool, co-director: Raghav Sachar
 Sadiyaan (2010)
 Chance Pe Dance (2010), co-director: Pritam Chakraborty, Ken Ghosh, Sandeep Shirodkar

Discography

Badaltay Mausam (1997) was re-released in India as Kabhi To Nazar Milao (2000). Awards and accolades

<mask> has won a number of international awards, including the Nigar Award, the Bolan Academy Award, and the Graduate Award. He was given a special award by UNICEF for the song he wrote for famine-hit Ethiopia as a teenager and a United Nations Peace Medal for a song he wrote and performed for Africa.A review of his piano solo performance on British TV Channel 4 in Keyboard magazine called him the "Keyboard Discovery of the 90s". In 2001, he was awarded the Breakthrough Artist of the Year by MTV. Swedish and British radio and television have often referred to him as the fastest keyboard player in the world. <mask> has performed for prestigious music festivals to sold-out stadiums of his solo concert tours all over the world in over forty countries. In summer 2003, he became the only Asian artist to have sold out Wembley Stadium, London, for two consecutive nights, which won him a place in the Limca Book of Records. As a classical concert pianist,

masks: Sami Adnan


title: Adnan Sami

texts:
 <mask> has given performances before the King of Sweden and King Hussein of Jordan. In 2007, <mask> was given a Special Award from the U.K. Parliament (House of Commons) for his 'Outstanding Contribution to Sub-Continental Music'.In 2008, he was presented the "Naushad Music Award" by Andhra Pradesh Department of Culture, in Hyderabad. In 2008 he also won "Best International Act" at the UK Asian Music Awards. In 2013, he was given the BrandLaureate International Brand Personality award by the President of The BrandLaureate, Dr KK Johan, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Later in 2013, <mask> was given a Special Award by the Canadian Parliament for his 'Exceptional Services to Indian Music'. In April 2017, <mask> became the first South Asian to have performed at London's Wembley Stadium 8 times; tickets were sold out on all 8 occasions. The Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, attended the concert. On 25 January 2020, he was awarded the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour in the field of Arts, by Government of India.He received the award from President of India on 8 November 2021

Notes

References

External links
 Interview on Republic TV by Arnab Goswami. 1971 births
Living people
Alumni of King's College London
Bollywood playback singers
Indian film score composers
Indian male playback singers
Indian male pop singers
Indian television presenters
Indian Muslims
Indian people of Pashtun descent
Indian pop composers
Musicians from London
Musicians from Mumbai
Nigar Award winners
Pakistani emigrants to India
Indian people of Afghan descent
People with acquired Indian citizenship
People educated at Rugby School
People who lost Pakistani citizenship
Indian male film score composers
Recipients of

masks: Sami Sami Sami Sami


title: Sam Wells (priest)

texts:
<mask> is an English priest of the Church of England. , he has been the vicar of St Martin-in-the-Fields in central London, and Visiting Professor of Christian Ethics at King’s College London. In 2018, he was installed as Honorary Canon Theologian of Guildford Cathedral. Early life and education
<mask> studied at Merton College, Oxford, and graduated in 1987 with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree; as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Oxon) degree. In 1988, he entered Edinburgh Theological College to train for ordination. During his time at theological college, he also studied theology at New College, University of Edinburgh, and graduated in 1991 with a Bachelor of Divinity (BD) degree. He later undertook post-graduate study at Durham University and received his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1996.Ordained ministry
Ordained in 1991, he served Church of England parish appointments for 14 years in Newcastle, Cambridge and Norwich. He spent ten years of his ministry in areas of social disadvantage. For six years he was involved in establishing a community-led development trust, called the North Earlham, Larkman and Marlpit Development Trust. <mask> was also involved in the 'Body, Mind and Spirit' project at St Elizabeth's Earlham, offering children opportunities to participate in creative play. Dean of Duke Chapel
In 2005, <mask> became dean of Duke Chapel and research professor of Christian ethics at Duke Divinity School, North Carolina. He developed and chaired the Faith Council, which consists of 12 members from different faith traditions. He initiated

masks:
Samuel Martin Bailey Wells
Wells
Wells
Wells


title: Sam Wells (priest)

texts:
 dialogue and led discussions on faith and ethics.While acting as the Dean at Duke Chapel, <mask> coordinated the ministry and music of the chapel, preached and led worship. He also oversaw the campus ministries and taught in the divinity school and the school of public policy. He worked with the local Durham community through organizations such as the Religious Coalitions for a Nonviolent Durham to foster a closer relationship with the university and the city. Vicar of St Martin-in-the-Fields
, <mask> has been the vicar of St Martin-in-the-Fields in central London. He was inducted by Richard Chartres, Bishop of London, on 2 July 2012. As vicar, in addition to his pastoral ministry, <mask> is a trustee of The Connection at St Martin's, and of the St Martin-in-the-Fields Trust. From 2014, he has been a regular contributor to Thought for the Day on BBC Radio 4.In his review of How Then Shall We Live?, Walter Brueggemann wrote, "<mask> arguably has the liveliest, most agile, best informed, critically disciplined mind in the entire Christian community. And he has a baptized heart of honesty, compassion, and passion to match his baptized mind. In this book he ranges over a cluster of complex issues and at every turn his sound judgment instructs us as he moves easily from life to Scripture and back through church tradition. This book will serve many of us well who live with daily perplexities that admit no resolution." Personal life
<mask> is married to Jo Bailey <mask>, Bishop of Dorking. They have two children; a son and a daughter. Publications

 Liturgy on the Edge: Pastoral and

masks:
Wells
Wells
Wells
Sam Wells
Wells
Wells


title: John Dolan (writer)

texts:
<mask> (born July 1955) is an American poet, author and essayist. He has been identified as the once-secret identity behind the pseudonym Gary Brecher, fictional author of the War Nerd column for the newspaper the eXile which has ceased publication. <mask> writes as the War Nerd, but no longer "in full character" as Brecher, the two identities having merged. <mask> formerly also wrote for and co-edited the eXile under his own name. After the newspaper's demise, he was a regular contributor to NSFWCorp and then from 2013 to 2015 to PandoDaily, again both as <mask> and Brecher. He appears on a regular podcast "Radio War Nerd", which he co-hosts with Mark Ames. He also writes the podcast's subscriber newsletter and contributes to the eXiled Online.Biography
<mask> was born in Denver, Colorado in 1955. <mask> taught and studied at UC Berkeley, where he completed a PhD thesis on the literary works of the Marquis de Sade. He has published poems in many U.S. and New Zealand literary journals and his first collection won the Berkeley Poetry Prize in 1988. In 1993, he moved to Dunedin, New Zealand, where he lectured at the University of Otago. During his time in Dunedin, <mask> contributed to the Otago literary journal Deep South. He is married to his former student, the author, reviewer, poet and essayist Katherine Liddy, a New Zealander 24 years his junior. In 2001, <mask> resigned his academic post, and moved to Moscow to become co-editor of the eXile, a bi-weekly English-language publication based in the Russian

masks:
John Carroll Dolan
John Dolan
Dolan
Dolan
Dolan
Dolan
Dolan
Dolan


title: John Dolan (writer)

texts:
 city.He relocated to Canada to teach at the University of Victoria in Canada in 2006. He claims to have been fired for encouraging students to criticize British environmentalist George Monbiot in 2008. Until spring 2010, <mask> was an associate professor of English composition and literature at the American University of Iraq - Sulaimani. He subsequently taught English as a Second Language in Najran, Saudi Arabia, until he was fired for one of the War Nerd Articles, and shortly after from East Timor, where he was fired for writing an article on the Indonesian occupation of Timor. Recently he has been living in Europe, where he was finishing work on his now-published retelling of The Iliad. Gary Brecher
Gary Brecher is a character invented by <mask> to be the pseudonymous author of The War Nerd column, which first appeared in The eXile, discussing current wars and other military conflicts from the perspective of a "war fan", and later for NSFWCorp, and PandoDaily. "Crude, scatological, un-P.C., yet deeply informed", he analyzes military strategy, tactics, and contexts of ongoing and past conflicts.A collection of his columns was published by Soft Skull Press in June 2008 (). Brecher's identity was mostly secret throughout the run of The eXile from 1997 to 2008. He was suspected to be <mask> as early as 2005 and by 2010 <mask> was openly discussing his alter ego. Revelation of identity
The fictional version of Brecher's identity, referenced from his first column, was that he was employed as a data entry clerk

masks: Dolan Dolan Dolan Dolan


title: John Dolan (writer)

texts: in Fresno, California and deeply unsatisfied with his job. Mark Ames, editor of The eXile offered Brecher a column as a "war reviewer". Brecher wrote that life in Fresno was a "death sentence" and that he spent 15 hours a day in front of a computer ("6 or 7 hours entering civilian numbers for the paycheck and the rest surfing the war news"). In a Dolan article in The eXile about the newspaper and "the strange being known as the War Nerd" (mythologizing Brecher as a separate person to <mask>), Brecher is described as a community-college dropout, and "fat, miserable, and incidentally brilliant".The first hint that Brecher was <mask> was perhaps in a 2001 eXile article, "Cleanse the World", in which <mask> openly admitted to being a "war nerd": "Oh, my poor naive war-nerd brothers, how could you ever have dreamed that Bush." The columns were the only source of information on Brecher until an email interview with him conducted by Steve Sailer was published by United Press International. Brecher's reclusive nature and the lack of information about him raised speculation during the interview that Brecher was a pseudonym for another eXile contributor. The use of invented characters was not unprecedented for the eXile. Researchers of the original Wikipedia Gary Brecher page found the photo on which the illustration at the top of each War Nerd column, supposedly representing Brecher, was based. It was actually that of Roger Edvardsen the tour manager of the Norwegian rhythm & blues band Ehem. One of the page authors

masks: Dolan Dolan Dolan


title: John Dolan (writer)

texts: emailed the band, and they confirmed the image was of Edvardsen.Brecher participated in radio interviews including a April 5, 2008, interview by Chuck Mertz on the Evanston/Chicago radio station WNUR and a May 25, 2008 interview by Steve Paulson on Wisconsin Public Radio. A review in the Buffalo Beast of Dolan's novel/memoir Pleasant Hell stated that "a faithful eXile reader [would] have to be as dense as young <mask> not to realize you're reading about the birth of 'Gary Brecher' – nome [sic] de guerre of the famed 'War Nerd'." In the memoir, <mask> writes of obsessively studying military history and Jane's manuals while binging on junk food in the basement of a UC Berkeley library building in the mid-seventies. In one War Nerd column, Brecher writes, "I used to spend every free hour, back before there was an internet, going over those big heavy reference books in the library: Jane's Tanks, Jane's Missile Systems, Jane's Combat Vehicles." On June 25, 2008, the following revelation was published within a short book review on Philadelphia CityPaper.net: "But the War Nerd is, in fact, neither of those things. He is not even Gary Brecher! Brecher is the creation of <mask>, a poet, novelist, lecturer in English at the University of Victoria, and The eXile co-editor.That's very exciting news for the War Nerd's regular readers: The columns you've been dissecting and debating for the last six years were written by an English professor who writes poetry!" On November 2, 2010, in an interview with Scott Horton for

masks:
John Dolan
Dolan
John Dolan


title: John Dolan (writer)

texts:
 Antiwar Radio, <mask> spoke for the first time about his Gary Brecher alter-ego which he described as being strongly based on his younger self. During the interview, he described Gary Brecher "as a more honest version of who I really am". War Nerd writings
Every two to five weeks, Brecher published his War Nerd column in The eXile. In each installment, Brecher offered his idiosyncratic analyses of armed conflict from a military, political, or (rarely) social standpoint. In his first eXile column, Brecher declared that The War Nerd was to be "a column on how all the wars are going, kind of a war reviewer." He has since migrated to the subscription-only Radio War Nerd podcast,
"American peace truly sucks (That's what I live in and work in: American peace.Fresno. Townhouses in a dry riverbed. Scrub acreage with fancy British names. America the hot and stupid)." "That's why we need a war now and then. You can drain your dick at every bondage site on the web, but you can't really drain your head there, it takes something bigger like a decent war and some of those guncamera shots. I figure about one a year.Which is why this was already a good year." Following publication of Brecher's article, "Victor Hanson: Portrait of an American Traitor", Hanson responded with an article accusing Brecher of being an anarchist. In the September 9, 2005 of The eXile, the editors announced that the War Nerd would be suspended without pay for one issue as a result of these accusations. It is doubtful that this was a serious


title: John Dolan (writer)

texts:
 reprimand. Nonetheless, the subsequent issue of The eXile did not contain Brecher's regular column. Another similarly themed Brecher article, "It's All Greek to Victor Davis Hanson", appeared in the December 19, 2005 issue of The American Conservative. Brecher has summarized his view of modern warfare as follows:
 Most wars are asymmetrical/irregular.In these wars, the guerrillas/irregulars/insurgents do not aim for military victory. You cannot defeat these groups by killing lots of their members. In fact, they want you to do that. Hi-tech weaponry is mostly useless in these wars. "Hearts and minds," meaning propaganda and morale, are more important than military superiority. Most people are not rational, they are TRIBAL: "my gang yay, your gang boo!" It really is that simple.The rest is cosmetics. Publications

Non-fiction
The War Nerd (as Gary Brecher) (Soft Skull Press, 2008, )

Novels
 Pleasant Hell (Capricorn Press November 2004, ). Short fiction
 Sherlock Holmes and the Case of the Dead Cat" and "The Very Moment When The Camera Left Me," Deep South v.2 n.3 (Spring 1996). "Children's book"
 Neighbors from Hell (Feral House 2015, ), with Jan Frel and illustrations by Taras Kharechko. Poetry
 People With Real Lives Don't Need Landscapes (Paul & Co Pub Consortium September 2003, ). Slave (Occident Press, January 1988, ). Stuck Up : Poems from Great Central Lake (Paul & Co Pub Consortium April 1995, )."Collage," a poem by <mask> appearing in Double Jointed, a compendium of poems compiled by Jenny


title: John Dolan (writer)

texts:
 Powell-Chalmers (Inkweed Press, Titahi Bay, NZ 2003). "A Couple of Mongols," published the New Zealand literary journal, Sport (v.10 1993). "An Angel Reports to Darwin," Deep South v.1 n.1 (February 1995). "What Happens to a Cyanide Molecule? A Ballet," Deep South v.1 n.2 (May 1995). "HOW I KILLED THE MOUSE". Translation
 A Young Scoundrel (Russian: Молодой Негодяй), a novel by Eduard Limonov (to which <mask> wrote a translator's note).The War Nerd Iliad (Feral House 2017, ). Criticism
 "Books," a review of The Paris Review Book appearing in New York Press (v.16, n.30). Poetic Occasion from Milton to Wordsworth (Palgrave Macmillan June 2000, )
 , a lecture given May 22, 2004 at Budapest University of Technology and Economics, during an international conference entitled "Dissolving and Emerging Communities – The Culture of Periodicals from the Perspective of the Electronic Age". The title of <mask>'s talk was originally listed in the conference's program as "Our Friends From Frolix 8: Offending, Attracting and Ignoring the Reader from Afar." "Attack Ships on Fire off the Shoals of Otago: Arguing about Starship Troopers," Deep South v.4 n.2 (Spring, 1995). "The King's Bow: Review of Rick McGregor's Per Olof Sundman and the Icelandic Sagas," Deep South v.1 n.3 (Spring, 1995). , originally appearing in eXile May 29, 2003.This was the first review to expose James Frey's memoirs as fraudulent. War Nerd archives
Archive of Brecher's columns at The Exile (April 2002 - May 2008)
Archive of Brecher's columns at The

masks: Dolan Dolan