title: Manfred Buchroithner

texts:
<mask> (born 17 December 1950 in Wels, Upper Austria) is an Austrian cartographer, developer of autostereoscopic cartographic visualisations, geologist, mountain researcher and mountaineer. Biography
After finishing college (Ramsauergymnasium) in Linz an der Donau, Austria, in 1969, he did his military service before studying geology and palaeontology as well as mineralogy and petrography at the University of Graz, Austria. In 1976 and 1977 he underwent professional training to become a certified UIAGM mountain guide. The same year he received his PhD in Graz and became research fellow there. In 1979 and 1980 he carried out postdoctoral studies in remote sensing and cartography at the ITC Enschede in the Netherlands. In 1975 he took part in a scientific expedition of several months to the Wakhan Corridor in Afghanistan in 1975 which molded his future career. In 1980 he took a position at the Cartographic Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, Austria, under Erik Arnberger.In 1983 he went as a Fulbright scholar to Fort Worth (Texas), Denver and Boulder (Colorado) as well as to the Stanford University (California). In 1984 he accomplished his habilitation in General Geology and Remote Sensing at the University of Graz. 1984 to 1992 he was employee at, and as from 1985, Head of the Institute of Digital Image Processing and Computer Graphics at Joanneum Research in Graz and taught at the University of Graz, at the Graz University of Technology and at the University of Stockholm. From 1992 to 2016 he was holding the position of Full Professor of Cartography at the Dresden University of Technology (Director of Institute for Cartography 1994–1997 and from 2003 until his retirement in 2016). In 1989 he was invited Visiting Professor at the University of Munich, in 2000/01 and 2002/03 at the University of Salzburg, Austria, in 2002 at the Center


title: Manfred Buchroithner

type: original

texts: for Energy and Processes (CEP) of the École National Supérieur des Mines de Paris (ENSMP) in Sophia Antipolis, France, in 2015 at the Institute of Information Technology (IIT) of COMSATS in Islamabad, Pakistan, and in 2015/16 at the University of Bergamo, Italy. He followed several invitations to the IIT Kanpur, India. Major research fields of Buchroithner are true-3D visualization of geoinformation, high-mountain cartography (especially multitemporal 3D glacier mapping using spaceborne remote sensing and AI methods), and remote sensing cartography; furthermore dynamic cartography with remote sensing, geographic information systems, environmental monitoring, multimedia in cartography, as well as epistomology of cartography.In 2006 he initiated the first European (civilian) real-time transmission of true-3D geodata for stereoscopic vision. One of the most spectacular applications of his developments is the linking of a detailed 3D-model and visualization of the mighty Dachstein Southface with climbers' mobile phone GPS data for the support of mountain rescue actions at poor or no visibility. He initiated and led several scientific expeditions to high-alpine areas all over the world. In 1997/98 he produced the first holographic relief map worldwide (with motion-animated labeling) and displayed it at the 1999 International Cartographic Conference (ICC) in Ottawa. His developments in true-3D cartography by means of lenticular foil technology in the late 1990s led to two international patents. In 1992 <mask> has been appointed as scientific advisor of the Tibetan Mount Everest National Park Qomolangma National Nature Preserve (QNNP). From 1993 to 1997 he was Vice President of the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories (EARSeL), where he also chaired a SIG on landslides and mudflows, and from 1999 to 2001 of EURO-STRIM (Association for the


title: Manfred Buchroithner

texts:
 Establishment of a European Master and Doctorate in Space Technologies for Risk Management).2002–2017 Buchroithner is Vice President of the German Cartographic Society (DGfK) International and 2003–2017 German National Delegate to the International Cartographic Association (ICA). In 2011, in his capacity as Chairman of the German Society for the Support of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Buchroithner initiated the Wissenschaftspreis der Deutschen Geodätischen Kommission (DGK-Preis, Science Award of the German Geodetic Commission) for highly qualified postdoctoral researchers. Buchroithner was instrumental in founding three Commissions of the International Cartographic Association (ICA), the Commission on Mountain Cartography (1995), the Commission on Planetary Cartography (1995) and the Commission on Cartography in Early Warning and Crisis Management (2003). <mask> is married and has a son and a daughter. Achievements in mountaineering
Apart from initiating and leading numerous scientific high-mountain expeditions into the ranges of High Asia and the Andes, Buchroithner was also successful as a mountaineer. He made first ascents of Koh-e Asp-e Safed (6101 m, Afghan Pamir, 1975, solo) and Tenzin Gyatso Peak (5984 m, Tibetan Himalaya, south of Karo La, later in Chinese maps indicated as Jitan Zhoma, 6004m, 1992, together with Hans-Dieter Sauer and Bernhard Jüptner). Buchroithner took part at the second ascent of Koh-e Bardar (6078 m, Afghan Pamir, via the challenging North Ridge, with Gernot Patzelt, Heinz Badura and Martin Posch, in 1975, three days after the first ascent by a Polish expedition via the comparatively easy south face).In 1978 he and Rudi Brandstetter opened a new direct route
through the East Face of Nevado Rasac (6017 m, Cordillera Huayhuash, Peruvian Andes). In 2005 he opened, together with Martin Rihs and Reinhold Lazar, a new route onto


title: Manfred Buchroithner

texts:
 mount Llullaillaco () from southwest. He climbed, most times solo, several 6000 m and numerous 5000 m peaks in the Andes and in the ranges of High Asia. As a rock climber he opened several new routes in the climbing sites of the Austrian Alps, both south west of Vienna and in the Grazer Bergland. He also soloed numerous rock and mixed routes in the entire Alps, Scandinavia, the Rocky Mountains, the Andes, the HKH Ranges, on Borneo and in New Zealand. Main Publications
<mask> has (co-)authored about 750 scientific publications, which have been cited about 5400 times. His h-index is 31 (status 2020).Books
 Remote Sensing. Towards Operational Application; Joanneum Research, Graz, Austria 1987 (coeditor with Robert Kostka, coauthor)
 Die Herstellung der österreichischen Satellitenbildkarten 1:100000 und 1:200000; Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1987
 Fernerkundungskartographie mit Satellitenbilddaten. Band IV/2 der Enzyklopädie der Kartographie und ihrer Randgebiete; Deuticke, Vienna 1989
 Europe. From Sealevel to Alpine Peaks, from Iceland to the Urals; Joanneum Research, Graz 1991 (editor, coautor)
 Applications of Imaging Radar for Hydro-Geological Disaster Management. A Review; Harwood Academic Publ., Amsterdam / Chur 1995 (with Klaus Granica)
 High Mountain Remote Sensing Cartography ; Institute for Cartography, Dresden, Germany 1996 (editor, coautor)
 High Mountain Cartography; Kartographische Bausteine 18; Institute for Cartography, TU Dresden, Dresden 2000 (editor, coautor)
 Remote Sensing for Environmental Data in Albania. A Strategy for Integrated Management; Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands 2000 (editor)
Karten und Gletscher; Institut für Kartographie, Dresden 2000 (editor with Wolf Günther Koch and Werner Stams, coautor)
 A Decade of Trans-European Remote Sensing Cooperation; Balkema, Lisse,


title: Manfred Buchroithner

texts:
 (Vice Chairman) of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für vergleichende Hochgebirgsforschung e. V. (Association for Comparative High Mountain Research)
 2006: HMRSC Award of the HMRSC Group of the International Cartographic Association (ICA)
 2006: Award of Appreciation of the FIG / Arab Ligue of Surveyors
 2010: Friedrich Hopfner Medal of the Austrian Geodetic Commission for his achievements in high mountain cartography
 2013: ICA Diploma for Outstanding Services
 2014: Kudos Certificate of DGfK
 2018: Silvermedal of Honour of the DGfK
 2018: Denny Medal of IMarEST, jointly with Martin Kada and Emil Bayramov

References

 Jörg Albertz, Hans-Peter Bähr, Helmut Hornik, Reinhard Rummel (Herausgeber): "Am Puls von Raum und Zeit. 50 Jahre Deutsche Geodätische Kommission.Festschrift"; Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, München 2002. Dirk Burghardt (Hrsg. ): Vom Gelände zur Karte ... Festschrift anlässlich des 65. Geburtstages von Prof. Dr. phil. habil. <mask>. Buchroithner. Kartographische Bausteine, Band 40; Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 2016;
 Klaus Gertoberens: "Sächsische Erfindungen.1650 bis heute". Edition Sächsische Zeitung, Dresden 2008. Madeleine Godefroy, Gunnar Østrem, Robin Vaughan: EARSeL’s History. The First 30 Years of the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories; European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories, Hannover 2008. Christiane Martin: GIS-Szene Serie: "Professoren und ihre Forschungsfelder." Teil 1: Kartierung von Gletschern. Auf dem Dach der Welt.GIS Business 1/2 – 2007
 Dorit Petschel: Die Professoren der TU Dresden 1828 – 2003. 3rd volume of the 175 Jahre TU Dresden series; Böhlau Verlag, Cologne 2003. University of Graz alumni
Living people
1950 births
Austrian cartographers
20th-century Austrian geologists
Members of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences
Theodor Körner Prize recipients
21st-century


title: Robert Charles Wallace

texts:
<mask>  (June 15, 1881 – January 29, 1955) was a Scots-Canadian geologist, educator, and administrator who served as president of the University of Alberta (1928–1936), the principal of Queen's University (1936–1951), and the head of the Arctic Institute of North America (1951–1955). Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born on June 15, 1881, in the Orkney Islands of Scotland. He completed his secondary education at the Kirkwall Grammar School in Orkney funded by a county scholarship. He went on to earn a B.A. from the University of Edinburgh in 1901 and a B.Sc. in geology and mathematics from the same institution in 1907, during which time he received Exhibition Scholarship. <mask> left for Germany to pursue graduate studies in geology, obtaining an M.Sc.from the University of Göttingen. He returned to Scotland to finish his graduate work, earning his Ph.D. from Edinburgh in 1912. Later that year, <mask> married Elizabeth Harcus Smith (another Orcadian). She later became the founder and first president of the Faculty Women's Club at the University of Alberta (1933) and at Queen's University (1939). The pair had four children: Ronald, Sheila, Brenda, and Elspeth. The latter would become the last Dean of Women at Queen's. Exploring Manitoba (1912–1928)
Increasingly renowned for his vast knowledge of rocks and minerals, <mask> moved to Canada in 1912 to take a position as the very first head of the Department of Geology and Mineralogy at the University of Manitoba, a position he held for nearly sixteen years (from 1912 to 1928).A charismatic and erudite professor, <mask> was held in high esteem by his students and colleagues. His legacy at the University can be still be seen today. In 1986, construction of the <mask>

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title: Robert Charles Wallace

texts:
 Building was completed on the University of Manitoba's Fort Garry Campus. The building, part of what is now the Department of Geological Sciences, contains the traditional classrooms and offices, as well as a seismographic data centre and a small geological museum. In the midst of his tenure at the University of Manitoba, <mask> also became the Commissioner of Northern Manitoba at the behest of the provincial government. He traveled the north of the province extensively via foot, dogsled, and canoe, camping out with prospectors and explorers while documenting the extensive natural resources of the Canadian north. His reports on the plentiful mineral resources of Northern Manitoba resulted in the beginnings of government resource projects and the extensive infusion of capital into that region.The Manitoban Government later promoted <mask> to the position of Commissioner of Mines in 1927. He would occupy this post for less than a year, however, as his move to the University of Alberta came in 1928. Further West: The Move to Alberta (1928–1936)
The University of Alberta was just beginning to establish itself as an important post-secondary institution when it offered <mask> the presidency in 1928. <mask> was to succeed the university's first ever president, Henry Marshall Tory, who had left the institution to take a position as the President and CEO of the National Research Laboratories (later called the National Research Council of Canada). When <mask> arrived, the University was nearing the end of its first period of significant expansion. <mask>'s presidency was less than one year old when the global economy began to collapse into the Great Depression in the fall of 1929. Almost immediately, funding for University programs was in

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title: Robert Charles Wallace

texts:
 short supply and <mask> was forced to take action.He was to decide between shutting down existing University departments or cutting staff salaries across the board. Needless to say, <mask> chose the latter action, and no departments at the University were closed despite the desperate economic situation. The financial difficulties did, however, slow the expansion of the University. No new buildings were constructed on the Edmonton Campus until after the Second World War. Despite the massive monetary restrictions placed on him by the Great Depression, <mask> managed not only to maintain the integrity and viability of the institution, but to improve it as well. During his period in office, the School of Nursing became an autonomous department with the ability to grant degrees. (Previous to this development, nursing students studying at Alberta had to travel to Ontario or British Columbia to complete their degrees.)<mask> also helped to establish the Banff School of Fine Arts (now called the Banff Centre) in 1933. <mask>'s contributions were not limited to the educational sphere. During his time in Alberta, <mask> continued with his passion for field geology and resource prospecting. He helped unearth the vast and profitable pitchblende deposits in the far north region of the province. <mask> was also among the first geologists to suggest that there may be economic potential in the development of the tar sands on the outskirts of Fort McMurray. The Queen’s Principalship (1936–1951)
After nearly eight years as the President of the University of Alberta, <mask> was offered the Principalship at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario by chancellor James Richardson. <mask> accepted the offer, and was installed as the University's

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title: Robert Charles Wallace

texts: eleventh Principal on September 1, 1936.He was the first scientist to ever hold the position. (Nine of the previous 10 Principals were ministers, the other was a Classics professor.) He would hold the position until his formal retirement in 1951. Prior to <mask>'s arrival, growth at Queen's University had stagnated significantly (as it had with most other institutions during the depression years). Under <mask>, however, Queen's would undergo an extended period of massive expansion. During his reign, <mask> added a large number of new departments and institutes including a School of Nursing and a School of Fine Arts (just like Alberta), a School of Physical Education and Health, a Board of Graduate Studies, and a Biological Research Station (at Lake Opinicon). Three new buildings were erected during his tenure, and the Students' Union building was torn down and rebuilt—it had been seriously damaged in a fire in 1947.<mask> also worked hard to improve the quality and quantity of academic staff. Faculty and staff salaries were increased four times during his time as Principal. <mask> also defended so-called “left wing” professors during the intense anti-communist atmosphere of the cold war, refusing to fire those staff members despite heated calls for their dismissal. It was during his tenure at Queen's that <mask> became highly regarded nationally (and internationally) as an extremely effective and efficient academic administrator. He was one of just three Canadians chosen to represent the country at the United Nations Conference for the establishment of an educational and cultural organization (ECO/CONF) held in London in November 1945. It was at this conference that the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Educational

masks: Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace


title: Robert Charles Wallace

texts:
 Organization (UNESCO) was created. Additionally, <mask> received honorary degrees from twenty different universities.In 1951, <mask> formally resigned his position as the Principal of Queen's. His time at the institution was marked by tremendous growth, in terms of both facilities and enrollment. Under his leadership, Queen's University had become a premier post-secondary institution, and it is no surprise that his time at Queen's is looked upon fondly by staff, students, and alumni. To many close friends, he was known as “<mask> of Queen’s”. <mask> Hall, a large medieval style meeting hall (that is now part of the John Deutsch University Centre Complex), was named in his honor. The portrait collection of Queen's Principals and Chancellors can also be found in <mask> Hall. The Human Stock: Wallace and Eugenics
Controversially, <mask> was a prominent and outspoken advocate of eugenics and selective breeding programs, particularly during his time in Alberta.In an address to the Canadian Medical Association entitled “The Quality of the Human Stock” in Calgary in June 1934, <mask> asserted the following:

"Science has done very much to raise the quality of the stock in the domesticated animals which man has reared for his service; it has done virtually nothing to raise the quality of the human stock." "The time has come to make eugenics not only a scientific philosophy but in very truth a religion." "These are steps to a still far distant goal—that of a fitter, healthier, intellectually more capable people to do the world’s work, which through its increasing difficulty calls for better quality of brain and brawn that has yet been given to the task." <mask>, along with fellow University of Alberta faculty member John MacEachran, was a

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title: Robert Charles Wallace

texts:
 frank supporter of Alberta's eugenic legislation, including the 1928 Sexual Sterilization Act, which permitted the forcible sterilization of "undesirables" in the province. Alberta was one of only two provinces (the other was British Columbia) to pass such legislation. The Act was not repealed until 1972. The Arctic Institute of North America (1951–1955)
Following his retirement from Queen's in 1951, <mask> joined the newly formed Arctic Institute of North America (AINA), which at that time was housed at McGill University in Montreal.(In 1976, the institute transferred to the University of Calgary, becoming a full, multi-disciplinary Arctic research institute in 1979.) <mask> signed on as the institute's executive director. Having spent many years exploring the vast Northern regions of Manitoba and Alberta, <mask> was ideally suited to the task. Though many were surprised that he would accept such a position in his twilight years, <mask>'s passion for discovery and his love for the northern landscape meant the position was a perfect fit. <mask>'s tenure at the Institute ended with his sudden death on January 29, 1955. His death was mourned not only at the AINA, but at Queen's and Alberta as well. <mask> Hall, in the John Deutsch University Centre at Queen's, is named in his honour.<mask> Drive, a street in Kingston, Ontario, is named in his honour. External links
 Orcadian Birth Data (from Orkney Genealogy Online)
 The Quality of the Human Stock (from the CMAJ Archives)
 <mask> <mask> (Queen's University Biography Page)
 History Trails - R.C<mask> (Edmonton Journal Obituary)
 University of Alberta - Historical Sketch (U of A 2006 Calendar)
 The History of the AINA (from the Arctic Journal)
 University of Alberta (Official

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title: John (Roshchin)

texts:
Metropolitan <mask> (secular name <mask>, ; 22 October 1974, Moscow) is a Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and primate of the diocese of Vienna and Budapest. During 2014-2018 he served as the US-based titular bishop , vicar of the Patriarch of Moscow and all Russia. Metropolitan <mask> is also the former administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes in the USA. Biography

Early life
In 1991, he graduated from Secondary School №4 in Moscow with depth study of English Language. In 1991-1993, he studied at the Faculty of Law of the Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities with a specialization. During the same period, he served as an altar boy of the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity on Sparrow Hills. During 1993-1994, he held obediences at the Pskov-Caves Monastery.From 1994-1997, he studied at the Moscow Theological Seminary. During the seminary training he served guide of the Church archaeological cabinet at the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary. In 1996-1997, he worked as a staff member of the Publishing Council of the Russian Orthodox Church specializing in drafting liturgical guidelines. In 1997, he was appointed the Secretariat for Inter-Christian Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate’s Synodal Department for External Church Affairs. In December 1998, he was a member of the Moscow Patriarchate's delegation at the Eighth Assembly of the World Council of Churches (Harare, Zimbabwe) and was elected to the WCC Central Committee. During 1999-2000, he studied at Saint Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary in Crestwood, New York. In 2000-2002, he

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title: John (Roshchin)

texts: executive secretary of the Interreligious Council of the Commonwealth of Independent States. On April 19, 2011 in the cathedral church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit of the stauropegial Conception Convent in Moscow, he was elevated to the rank of archpriest by the Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia.On 4 October 2012, the Holy Synod appointed him representative of the World Russian People's Council at the UN and assigned him to St Nicholas Cathedral in New York City. On 11 March 2014, with the blessing of Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Rus', the Superior of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, Archbishop Theognost (Guzikov) of Sergiev Posad, tonsured him a monk with the name <mask> in honour of St. <mask> (Maximovitch) of Shanghai and San Francisco. A Holy Synod decision, on 25 July 2014, appointed him as Administrator of the Patriarchal Parishes in the USA, and vicar bishop of the Diocese of Moscow with the title of bishop . On July 28, 2014, Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia, at the Liturgy in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, elevated him to the rank of archimandrite. On August 1, 2014, in Church of George the Great Martyr at Poklonnaya Hill during the Divine Liturgy the Episcopal Consecration of Archimandrite <mask>) as Bishop of Naro-Fominsk was performed by: Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and all Russia, Metropolitan Juvenaly (Poyarkov) of Krutisty and Kolomna, Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) of Volokolamsk, Archbishop Mark (Golovkov) of Yegorievsk, Bishop Sergius (Chashin) of Solnechnogorsk. Primate of the Patriarchal Exarchate in Western Europe

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title: John (Roshchin)

texts:
 (PEWE)

On 15 October 2018, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church appointed him , in charge of the parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church in Italy. "On 28 December 2018,the Holy Synod appointed him as the primate of the Western Europe Exarchate, with the title "of Chersonesus and Western Europe", he was also simultaneously appointed as the primate of the diocese of Chersonesus.He temporarily continue[d] to administer the parishes in Italy." "January 3, 2019: Patriarch Kirill elevated him to the dignity of metropolitan at the Kremlin Dormition Cathedral in Moscow, during the Divine Liturgy for the feast of Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow." Nestor (Sirotenko) [ru] was the previously the primate of the diocese of Chersonesus, but he was replaced by <mask> (<mask>) by the Holy Synod on 28 December 2018. Metropolitan of Vienna and Budapest
On 30 May 2019, the Holy Synod of the ROC decided to appoint archbishop Anthony (Sevryuk) of Vienna and Budapest as primate of the PEWE and of the diocese of Chersonesus. At the same time, <mask>), who was until then the primate of the PEWE and of the diocese of Chersonesus, was appointed as primate of the ROC diocese of Vienna and Budapest to replace archbishop Anthony. In the same decision, Bishop  was appointed Bishop of Bogorodsk. References

External links
Metropolitan Ioann to head Russian Orthodox in Europe // asianews.it, January 5, 2019

Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church
Russian Orthodoxy in the United States
Eastern Orthodoxy in Austria
Eastern Orthodoxy in Hungary
21st-century Eastern Orthodox bishops
1974

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title: James Giles (painter)

texts: <mask> ARSA (4 January 1801 – 6 October 1870) was a Scottish landscape painter. Several of his landscapes were commissioned and purchased by Queen Victoria and members of the Scottish aristocracy. He was a member of the Royal Scottish Academy. <mask> was born in Glasgow on 4 January 1801, the son of a designer at the local calico. The family moved to Aberdeen around 1805 where his father worked in a printing factory at Woodside, Aberdeen, an artist of some repute. His father's early death threw his son at an early age upon his own resources. His mother was named Jean Hector.At 13 he maintained himself, his mother and sister by painting, and before he was 20 was teaching private classes in Aberdeen. At 21 he married a widow Clementina Farquharson. Shortly afterwards he made a tour through Scotland and visited the continent, and on his return home he settled in Glasgow at 64 Bon accord Street, where a plaque commemorates him. He then became a member of the Royal Scottish Academy and elected to the council of the Spalding Club. Success in his profession soon gave him prestige and modest wealth. He lived next door to his sister Jane and her husband <mask>. <mask> was both versatile and shrewd: he excelled not only as a landscape-artist and portrait-painter but also as a town-planner and landscape-designer, designing such notable Aberdeen features as the Demeter Sculpture above Simpson House and the obelisk, now in the Duthie Park, which formerly stood in the quadrangle of Marischal College.But above all <mask> was a landscape painter. His close friendship with George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen (and British Prime Minister in the mid-1850s) was of major importance. Not only did

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title: James Giles (painter)

texts: he design the gardens and parkland of the Earl’s estate at Haddo House in Aberdeenshire, but after Queen Victoria had viewed a painting by <mask> of the old Balmoral Castle, the lease of which had been held by the Earl’s younger brother Robert until his death, she decided to lease it without having actually seen what would become her Scottish residence from 1848 on, and in 1852 she purchased Balmoral with its lands. The old castle was completely rebuilt, and it is surprising how closely the new Balmoral resembles <mask>’ painting of its predecessor. In later years <mask> was to carry out several commissions for the royal family and these remain in the possession of H.M. the present queen. Some of his finest work is represented by his posthumously-published Drawings of Aberdeenshire Castles, commissioned by Lord Aberdeen. This comprises a series of some ninety watercolour sketches, completed between 1838 and 1855.They are brilliantly-executed, and offer a fine impression of these old Scottish buildings. Most of the original pictures are preserved in the James Giles Room at Haddo House, and copies of the entire set were published in 1936 by the Third Spalding Club. His earliest successes were in portrait-painting, however his visit to Italy gave him a taste for classic landscape, which he never entirely lost, for the mist seldom hangs about his mountains, even when the scene is laid near "dark Lochnagar". He was a keen angler, and fond of painting the result of a successful day's fishing. These pictures were his best works. He first exhibited at the "Royal Institution for the Encouragement of the Fine Arts in Scotland", and in 1829 became an academician of the Royal Scottish Academy,

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title: James Giles (painter)

texts:
 and contributed numerous works to its exhibitions from that time until near the close of his career. He also exhibited frequently at the British Institution in London, and occasionally at the Royal Academy and the Society of British Artists.His last work was a painting of himself, his wife, and youngest son, which he left unfinished. In 1852 he is listed as a member of the council to The Spalding Club. Family
By his first wife, <mask> had six children: a daughter, Emily, and five sons. All the sons predeceased him, which may account for a certain melancholy displayed by <mask> in later life. His wife, Clementina, died in 1866, and <mask> subsequently married Margaret Walker, by whom he had a son and a daughter. So the <mask> line did not die out. <mask> himself died 6th October 1870 and is buried at Aberdeen in the graveyard of St Machar's Cathedral in Old Aberdeen where a granite tombstone of his own design stands prominently among the others to the east of the church.Next to him lies his brother-in-law, Peter Robertson. By his first wife, Clementina Farquharson or Ruxton (a widow), he had two sons, <mask> and John, one of whom gave great promise as an artist, but died of consumption at the early age of 21. His first wife died in 1866. His second wife was Margaret Walker (1846-1883) forty-five years his junior. Overview

During his lifetime, <mask> was among the first to be mentioned as one of the most vital of the Aberdeen artists - his patrons included the landed aristocracy of Aberdeenshire and Queen Victoria - but he has been little remembered in subsequent surveys in Scottish art. This is due in part to the fact that he spent most of his working life in Aberdeen – unlike his

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title: James Giles (painter)

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 contemporaries who left the north-east to find fame in London. Work

<mask> was a versatile artist.He specialised in portrait and landscape painting, but in addition was a successful landscape architect, designing a number of public gardens and monuments in Aberdeen, in addition to landscaping estates in Aberdeenshire. <mask>’ spiritual home was Italy, where he spent three years from 1823 to 1826. There he followed the well-trodden pathways of the 18th century Grand Tour to the many points of historic interest. The bright Italian light fascinated <mask>, and all his sketches are enlivened with an impression of this Mediterranean atmosphere. The sights that he saw and recorded in Italy were to remain with him for the rest of his life. His watercolour sketches often provided materials for the oils he painted and exhibited on his return to Scotland. Some thirty of his works are held at Haddo House and shown on Art UK.Also at Haddo House, a series of water colour paintings by <mask> depicting eighty five Scottish castles.Museums and galleries

 National Portrait Gallery (6 portraits)
 National Gallery of Scotland  (The Weird Wife)

References

Further reading

Ferguson, O. (2001). Aspects of Landscape - A Bicentenary Celebration of <mask> RSA, Aberdeen Art Gallery. External links

Paintings by <mask> (Royal Collection)
Study of a 'Panther' (James Harvey British Art)
Windsor Forest (Bourne Fine Art Gallery)
Aqua Claudia near Tivoli (Oil on Panel - Christie's)

1801 births
1870 deaths
19th-century Scottish painters
Artists from Aberdeen
Scottish male painters
Scottish watercolourists
Scottish landscape painters
Scottish portrait painters
Royal Scottish Academicians
Landscape or garden

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title: Stanley Brouwn

texts:
<mask> (25 June 1935 – 18 May 2017) was a South American-born Dutch conceptual artist. His works explored dematerialization. As an anonymous artist, he exemplified 1960s conceptualism. His best-known works include “This Way Brouwn”, “Afghanistan-Zambia” and “BROUWNTOYS 4000AD”. Life

Early life
Brouwn was born in 1935 at Paramaribo, the capital of the smallest South American country, Suriname. In 1957, he relocated to Amsterdam. While there, Armando, an artist and friend of Brouwn, introduced him to the Zero movement.They were a group of artists who deferred from the style other artists often applied to their works. Brouwn's first works coincided with his introduction to this movement. Brouwn taught as a professor at the University of Fine Arts of Hamburg for multiple years. The extensive privacy Brouwn maintained throughout his career and personal life has resulted in a lack of information surrounding his marital status, and if he has fathered any children. Death
Brouwn died on 18 May 2017 in his hometown of Amsterdam. Career

Early works
In 1957 Brouwn relocated to Amsterdam at the age of 22. His career as an artist flourished after he was introduced to the Zero movement by Armando.The Zero movement, a group of artists who rejected the role of authorship upon their works, is largely responsible for the anonymity Brouwn demonstrated throughout his career. In the early 1960s, Brouwn produced his first works. These consisted of iron and wooden sculpture. He also used suspended polythene bags filled with garbage. Few of these early works have survived, as Brouwn destroyed most of them. Eventually, Brouwn began to consider the role of the audience in the development of artwork. One of his early works involved the


title: Stanley Brouwn

texts:
 occurred. Brouwn was seated upon a chair, placed atop a pedestal in the corner of the gallery with a polythene bag over his head. That same year, at the opening of the René Block Gallery, Brouwn asked guests directions through the streets of Berlin through a walkie-talkie. Works of the 1970s
During the 1970s, Brouwn produced works exploring units of measurement. Brouwn developed units of measurement based on the length of his various body parts. He developed the ‘<mask> Brouwn foot’, which was the length of his foot. It measured approximately 26 cm.One of his works, Afghanistan-Zambia, is a typewritten register of the number of steps Brouwn completed in various cities across the world, and a physical example of his concerns surrounding measurement and distance. In 1972, Brouwn exhibited grey filing cabinets at the Documenta 5 in Kassel. Each cabinet consisted of varied numbers of white cards. One of these cabinets held 1000 cards, an outline of a 3000-step walk and the length of the strides between 840 and 890 millimetres. Brouwn also explored the concept of deformation. In 1974, he drew lines constructing borders upon three sheets of paper. Each of these lines denoted the length of a step.If these sheets were hung together, a movement in a single direction could be observed. Later works and exhibitions
Brouwn's works gained fame and earned him positions in a variety of prestigious exhibitions. During his lifetime, his works were included in Documentas 5, 6, and 11, the 1982 Venice Biennale and a 2005 retrospective exhibition at the Van Abbe Museum. Another dominant trait of Brouwn's conceptualism was his absence. Brouwn refrained from attending exhibitions of his works and no bibliographical information was


title: Perry Van der Beck

texts:
<mask> (born November 5, 1959 in Florissant, Missouri) is a retired American soccer midfielder, former coach and technical director, and the current Vice President of Competition and Operations for the United Soccer League. <mask> began his playing career with the Tampa Bay Rowdies of the original North American Soccer League and ended it with the St. Louis Ambush of the indoor National Professional Soccer League. He also earned twenty-three caps, scoring two goals, with the U.S. national team between 1979 and 1985. He played for various indoor and outdoor teams until 1998, when he retired from the pitch and became an assistant coach with the Tampa Bay Mutiny. After coaching for several other clubs and youth soccer organizations, <mask> was hired as the technical director and youth director for the new Tampa Bay Rowdies in 2008. He was later promoted to be the club's executive vice president and director of player development. In January 2014 he was again promoted to the position of general manager.Following the hiring of former teammate Farrukh Quraishi as president and general manager, <mask> <mask> returned to his role as the team's technical director. NASL
In 1978, the Tampa Bay Rowdies of the North American Soccer League (NASL) drafted <mask> <mask> out of St. Thomas Aquinas High School in Florissant, Missouri. At the time he was the youngest native born American playing professional soccer. He was also the first American ever drafted out of high school. Despite his youth and relative inexperience when he joined the Rowdies, he gradually worked himself into becoming a significant contributor to the team. At the time, the Rowdies were a top-tier team in the NASL. In both 1978 and 1979, they made it to the Soccer Bowl championship game.In 1983, <mask> <mask> played with Team America during its dismal single season. USSF wanted to

masks:
Perry Van der Beck
Van der Beck
Van der Beck
Van der
Beck
Perry Van
der Beck
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title: Perry Van der Beck

texts:
 combine all the dominant U.S. players in NASL onto one team to give them an opportunity to develop, as well as to create publicity for the national team. While the concept attracted the support of <mask> <mask> and some other U.S. players, it was viewed with suspicion by many others, such as Rick Davis. Team America went 10-20 and folded after the 1983 season. <mask> <mask> then returned to the Rowdies for a single season. During his time with the Rowdies, the NASL had played both an indoor as well as its more well known outdoor seasons. He was member of the Rowdies' 1979–80 NASL indoor championship team as well as their 1981–82 indoor runner-up squad.However, the NASL was at heart an outdoor league and when the Major Indoor Soccer League (MISL) began operation, it quickly took over the indoor soccer market. By the time <mask> <mask> had returned to the Rowdies in 1984, the NASL was on its last legs and in 1985, <mask> <mask> left the team to follow former Rowdies coach Gordon Jago to the Dallas Sidekicks of the MISL. MISL
<mask> <mask> remained with the Sidekicks for three seasons, capping his time with the team by winning the MISL championship in 1987. On July 4, 1987, the Sidekicks announced they would not renew <mask> <mask>'s contract and he became a free agent. On August 11, 1987, he signed with the St. Louis Steamers. He then moved, sometime later, to the Wichita Wings. National Team
In 1979, <mask> <mask> played his first game with the U.S. national team.He would go on to earn 23 caps, scoring two goals with the team. He was an integral part in the U.S. failed attempts to qualify for the 1982 and 1986 FIFA World Cups. In 1979, he was a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1979 Pan American Games. In 1980, he would have been the captain of the U.S. soccer team at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Despite qualifying for the

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Beck
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title: Perry Van der Beck

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 tournament, the U.S. did not send a team to Moscow when President Jimmy Carter organized a boycott of the games in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. In 1985, <mask> <mask> was selected the U.S. Soccer Athlete of the Year. <mask> <mask> served on the US Soccer Board of Directors from 1986 to 1993.In 2011, <mask> <mask> was inducted into the St. Louis Soccer Hall of Fame. <mask> <mask> has owned and operated the original Camp Kikinthagrass since 2003. NPSL
He served as the player/coach with the Tampa Bay Terror of the National Professional Soccer League during the 1996–97 season. Coaching and front office
At the end of the 1997 season, he retired from playing and joined the Tampa Bay Mutiny of Major League Soccer (MLS) as an assistant coach for the 1998 season. In 2001, he became the head coach of the Mutiny for its last 11 games of the team's existence when then head coach, Alfonso Mondelo was fired. While assistant coach of the Mutiny, he also coached the Northdale Rangers of the Florida Youth Soccer Association to three State Cups and the 1998 Region III Cup. After MLS shut down the Mutiny at the end of the 2001 season, <mask> <mask> replaced Peter Vermes as the Super Y-League Olympic Development Program National Camp Technical Director.He also spent one season as a staff coach with the Adidas Elite Soccer Program, which identifies the nation's best high school players and coaches them in weeklong training programs. Tampa Bay Rowdies
In June 2008, <mask> <mask> was hired as the technical director of the expansion FC Tampa Bay of the USL First Division . By the time the team took the pitch in 2010, the team switched to the USSF Division 2 Professional League and <mask> <mask> had been promoted to executive vice president and director of player development. Head coach Paul Dalglish left the team with 2 games remaining

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title: Perry Van der Beck

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 in the regular season, and <mask> <mask> served as the interim coach until January 2011, when Ricky Hill was hired as the club's new head coach and <mask> <mask> returned to his executive position. In January 2014 he was promoted from the position of technical director to the club's general manager. With the November 18, 2014 hiring of Quraishi as team president and general manager, <mask> <mask> re-assumed the role of technical director. In May 2016 <mask> <mask> resigned as the Tampa Bay Rowdies’ assistant general manager and vice president of community relations.USL vice president
On June 23, 2016, the United Soccer League announced that <mask> <mask> would be the new Vice President of Competition and Operations, replacing David Wagner. In his new role he is responsible for the day-to-day league operations, competition, schedule, discipline and refereeing. References

External links

NASL/MISL stats

1959 births
Living people
American soccer players
American Professional Soccer League players
American soccer coaches
American people of Dutch descent
Dallas Sidekicks (original MISL) players
Association football midfielders
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) players
Major League Soccer coaches
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor players
National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001) players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Soccer players from St. Louis
St. Louis Steamers (original MISL) players
Tampa Bay Rowdies draft picks
Tampa Bay Rowdies (1975–1993) players
Tampa Bay Mutiny coaches
Tampa Bay Rowdies coaches
Tampa Bay Rowdies executives
Tampa Bay Terror players
Team America (NASL) players
United States men's international soccer players
Wichita Wings (MISL) players
North American Soccer League coaches
Pan American Games competitors for the United States
Footballers at the 1979 Pan American

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title: Witold Bełza

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<mask> (8 May 1886 – 24 February 1955) was a Polish librarian, writer, publicist and cultural activist. He was the director of the Provincial and Municipal Public Library of Bydgoszcz from 1920 to 1939 and from 1945 to 1952. Biography

Youth and First World War
<mask> was born on 8 May 1886, in Warsaw. His father, <mask> (1849-1929) was a Silesian lawyer and journalist and his mother Jadwiga née Kobylańska, the daughter of a Warsaw doctor. Stanisław  and Jadwiga had also two daughters, Janina and Helenas. <mask>, in his early years, was impressed by the strong patriotic feelings of his father and his travels, his social activities: he even attended a rally organized by Stanisław in Opole while
aged 7. <mask> attended a gymnasium in Warsaw.At that time, the social unrest in the Polish capital against russification in the education and the social life under Russian rule stirred strikes in schools, preventing <mask> from finishing his junior high school. He had to leave to join the prestigious Jesuit School in Chyrów (today's Khyriv, Ukraine) where in 1905, he passed his end of secondary school examination. In 1910, he started to work in the library of the National Ossoliński Institute in Lviv: he left the position only in 1920. Between 1911 and 1914, he studied at the Faculty of Humanities of Lviv University. During his stay in the Ukrainian capital, he was engaged in journalistic and literary works: among others, he was the editor of "Poradnika Teatrów i Chórów Włościańskich" and a collaborator of "Pamiętnik Literacki" (Literary Diary). <mask> was traveling in Switzerland when World War I broke out. He opted to stay in the country and took a job as a

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Witold Stanisław Kazimierz Bełza
Witold Bełza
Stanisław Bełza
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Witold
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Bełza


title: Witold Bełza

texts:
 librarian in the Polish Museum in Rapperswil.In January 1917, he was able to move back to the Ossolineum of Lwów. There, under the supervision of professor Wilhelm Bruchnalski, <mask> wrote his thesis entitled "Wernyhora in Słowacki's poetry", for which he obtained his Doctor of Philosophy from the University of Lviv. During the graduating ceremony, the poet Jan Kasprowicz himself handed out the Ph.D to <mask>. Until 1920, he worked at the Ossolineum in Lviv, at the time led by Wojciech Kętrzyński and Ludwik Bernacki. Life in Bydgoszcz

Head of the Municipal Library
In August 1920, aged 34, <mask> <mask> settled in Bydgoszcz, as a winner of a contest for the library direction launched by the local authorities. He lived downtown at 6 20 Stycznia 1920 Street, apartment 3. On 1 September, he sat at the position of director of the Municipal and People's Library.There, he took care of the comprehensive Polonization of the institution. Within a few years, he transformed the German book collection into a valuable Polish one. He expanded the manuscript department and recovered from German hands the remains of the Bernardine Library. <mask> received numerous donations and deposits for the library and educated many librarians. Among the donators there were writers,
scientists, artists, among others: painters Franciszek Teodor Ejsmond and Jerzy Mieczysław Rupniewski, Konstanty Laszczka, scholar Rudolf Mękicki, Feliks Nowowiejski, Stanisław Łempicki, Marian Turwid and Kornel Makuszyński. The director of the library even donated manuscripts he owned from authors like Józef Kallenbach, Aleksander Brückner or from his father's or uncle's works. He converted the

masks: Witold Bełza Witold Bełza Bełza


title: Witold Bełza

texts:
 institution into a significant research center.Noticeable donator includes Kazimierz Kierski, then president of the General Prosecutor's Office in Poznań, who handed over a collection of almost 2700 documents (privileges, diplomas, nomination letters, etc.) with 13 parchments and more than 500 letters and royal documents. Unfortunately, Kierski's collection was lost during WWII and German occupation. Another important contributor was Adam Grzymała-Siedlecki, who donated a dozen of books from Vladimir Lenin's Poronin collection, from the period when the soviet leader-to-be used to stay in the Polish Tatra (1913-1914). In 1945, the City Council handed it over back to the Soviet Union as a gift from the Polish People's Republic. From the 75,000 volumes (almost exclusively in German) in 1920, Bełza increased the collection of the library to more than 136 000 volumes
in 1939, and up to 231 000 volumes in 1952. In addition to the library director position, <mask> kept working on scientific and literary topics: he published studies in the field of library science, history of Polish literature and theater criticism.He was also the author of several works of fiction and translations of German and French books, from authors such as Franz Werfel, Bruno Traven or Henri-Robert. From 1935 to 1936, he started to collaborate regularly to the Polish Biographical Dictionary, preparing several biographies. Similarly, he wrote correspondence and columns for local and national press. Many of his literary work manuscripts were lost during the German occupation, notably a 600-page writing entitled "Ksawera Deibel" based on authentic letters from Adam Mickiewicz to Xawera


title: Witold Bełza

texts:
 (1818-1900), a Polish singer, Chopin's student and Mickiewicz's long-time lover. From 1934 to 1939, he fulfilled an additional duty as head of the Department of Education and Culture of the Municipal Board. Cultural activist

As an early lover of music and singing, Bełza regularly attended premieres at the City Theater. He also, thanks to his position, often joined music events.He often played piano during social gatherings and was active in the chamber music section from the Bydgoszcz Music Society, created in 1922 by Ludwik Regamey. He was a member of the Society board and eventually became its vice president. In the 1920s, <mask> performed a series of lectures related to French music and culture, which included Ludwik Regamey's musical performances. <mask> was active in other socio-cultural organizations:
 the Polish Intelligentsia Organization (from 1921), disseminating Polish literature and the History of Poland;
 the Society of the Lovers of the City of Bydgoszcz (), which he co-created in 1923. Bernard Śliwiński, then mayor of Bydgoszcz, was its first president till 1925;
 the Regional Museum in Bydgoszcz, as one of the initiators of the establishment;
 the Artistic and Cultural Council in Bydgoszczz () (1934-1939). With his hectic activity, he significantly contributed to the growth of Bydgoszcz as a cultural center in Pomorskie Voivodeship and in the country. In 1933, thanks to the efforts of Zygmunt Malewski, an employee of the Municipal Archives, <mask> <mask> launched the first issue of "Przegląd Bydgoski" (Bydgoszcz Review), a scientific journal devoted to the history of the city, to religious and secular art, and literature.World War

masks: Witold Bełza Witold Bełza


title: Witold Bełza

texts:
 II and final years
<mask> <mask> spent the war time outside of Bydgoszcz. He first stayed a few months in Briukhovychi near Lviv as a teacher, then he moved to Lviv, where he was running and organizing the library at the Children's Clinic. In 1944, when a bomb destroyed the house they lived in, <mask> and his family moved to Ciężkowice near Tarnów, staying there during the last months of the war. He returned to Bydgoszcz on 14 March 1945, and was once again entrusted with the management of the Municipal Library. In the post-war years, he combined other posts:
 head of the Municipal Department of Culture and Art (September 1945 - February 1949);
 literary director of the Municipal Theater (1946 - 1947);
 lecturer at the Bydgoszcz Drama School (1947). After 1946, under his leadership, a network of Public Libraries was being developed within the city. On 28 August 1945, the city authorities assigned Bełza to organize the jubilee celebration of the 600th anniversary of Bydgoszcz.His other activities in this period include:
 the set up of a Medical Library branch in the City library (December 1947), as a result of his experience in Lviv during the war;
 active membership of multiple Literary Societies (A. Mickiewicz association, Association of Polish Librarians, Polish Writers' Union);
 publishing in several periodicals between 1945 and 1949 ("Ilustrowany Kurier Polski", "Trybuna Pomorska", "Ziemia Pomorskie", "Tygodnik Warszawski"). The end of the 1940s marked the beginning of his parting from the new city authorities, for political reasons. Although <mask> joined the United People's Party and participated in the ideological training, he was no more

masks: Witold Bełza Bełza Bełza


title: Witold Bełza

texts:
 conveniently considered by the ruling organs. As a consequence, in April 1951, he had to leave his apartment at 7 Asnyka street, which was soon put at the disposal of the Provincial Public Security Office. As a result, he moved to live in a flat at 33 Gdańska street. His fall was pushed down further as on 1 December 1952, he was removed from the position of Library director and deprived of the associated allowance. Finally, on 31 December of that year he was put to retirement.For some time, <mask> worked in the Municipal Library as an assistant, but he eventually left for good the institution on 31 August 1953. State authorities prevented him to resume any further professional activity, like at the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków or at the City Print House ("Państwowe Zakłady Wydawnictw Szkolnych" or PZWS). <mask> <mask> died on 24 February 1955 in Bydgoszcz. He was buried in Bydgoszcz Nowofarny Cemetery. After his death, not a single official obituary was released. Personal life and family
On 21 April 1917, <mask> married Karolina Ludwika née Winiarz; Jan Kasprowicz was one of his witnesses. Karolina originated from a family of distinguished booksellers and printers of Lviv.They had a daughter, Halina (1919–1992), who married Jan Harasymowicz, a Polish professor of technical sciences from the Tadeusz Kościuszko University of Technology in Kraków, and a son Stanisław Janusz (1921-1982), lawyer and court expert. Janusz' daughter, Anna Dzierżykraj-Lipowicz, has been instrumental to keep the memory of her grandfather alive, collecting and sharing family mementoes and other details of his life. <mask>'s father Stanisław was a lawyer, writer and an

masks: Witold Witold Bełza Witold Witold


title: Witold Bełza

texts:
 independence activist. He traveled across Europe, Asia and Africa. He published his impressions of his journeys in the form of small brochures which he gave to libraries, e.g. "Holandia" (1890), "W kraju tysiąca jezior" (In the country of a thousand lakes (1896), "Obrazy i obrazki z Indii" (Images and Pictures from India) (1912) or "Echa Szwajcarii" (The echoes of Switzerland) (1927). He often addressed topics related to Polish Silesia in his writings and social activities, especially at the time of the Upper Silesia plebiscite in 1921.Stanisław was a member of the Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences. He was at the initiative of the creation of the municipal library in Chorzów, Silesia, in 1922. <mask>'s uncle, Władysław <mask> (1847–1913), was also a writer, journalist and administrative secretary of the National Ossoliński Institute in Lviv. Like his brother Stanisław, he was a social activist and a correspondent member of the Poznań Society for the Advancement of Arts and Sciences. <mask>'s grandfather, Józef <mask> (1805-1888), was a Polish chemist, pioneer of the sugar industry in Poland. Decorations
 Golden Cross of Merit

Commemorations
<mask>'s son donated his father's diary to the University of Bydgoszcz. The book was bought by <mask>'s father in 1910.Inside, one can discover articles, watercolours, sketches, thoughts of the librarian, but also mementoes from famous scholars he met: lines from Teofil Lenartowicz, Aleksander Brückner or Stanisław Przybyszewski, a photo of William Morfill while in Oxford in 1909, a sketch by Konstanty Laszczka, fragments of music scores by Feliks Nowowiejski, Ludomir Różycki, words of

masks: Witold Bełza Witold Bełza Witold Witold


title: Hans Philipp

texts: <mask> (17 March 1917 – 8 October 1943) was a German Luftwaffe fighter ace during World War II. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat. He is credited with 206 enemy aircraft shot down in over 500 combat missions. The majority of his victories were claimed over the Eastern Front, with 29 claims over the Western Front. Born in Meissen, <mask> grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany as the only child of a single parent, <mask>. He was raised under challenging financial circumstances, and volunteered for military service in the Wehrmacht in 1936. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 76 (JG 76—76th Fighter Wing) of the Luftwaffe and participated in the invasion of Poland and as a Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) in the Battle of France.His unit was reformed as II./Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing) in June 1940. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 22 October 1940 during the Battle of Britain. He then fought in the aerial battles of the Balkans Campaign and Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union. He received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves after 62 aerial victories on 24 August 1941 and the Swords () to his Knight's Cross on 12 March 1942, his score now at 86 aerial victories. He claimed his 100th victory on 31 March 1942, the fourth fighter pilot to achieve this mark, and his 150th aerial victory on 14 January 1943. <mask> claimed four aircraft shot down on 17 March 1943 taking his total to 203 aerial victories. He thus surpassed Hermann Graf as the leading German fighter pilot at the time, and six months after Graf, became the second pilot to claim more than 200 victories.<mask> was promoted to Major (major) and given command as the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of

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title: Hans Philipp

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 Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—1st Fighter Wing) on 1 April 1943, conducting Defense of the Reich operations against the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). He was promoted to Oberstleutnant (lieutenant colonel) on 1 October 1943 and was killed in action a week later on 8 October during an attack on Bremen. It is believed that he was shot down by the P-47 Thunderbolt pilot Robert S. Johnson. <mask> managed to bail out but his parachute failed to open. Childhood and education
Johannes "<mask>" <mask> was born on 17 March 1917 at 22:45 at Gustav-Graf-Straße 5 in Meissen, in the Kingdom of Saxony, part of the German Empire. His mother <mask> was not married. His father was Leopold Gushurst whom his mother had met while serving at the hospital at Meissen-Zaschendorf.Gushurst had studied medicine at the universities in Erlangen (1912–14) and Freiburg (1914–16) and served as battalion doctor with the heavy artillery on the Western and Eastern Fronts of World War I. He attained his doctorate in the field of radiology in April 1920 and opened his medical practice in Plauen. In the 1920s, his social status as a doctor did not allow him to disclose his relationship with the unmarried mother of his child. <mask>'s mother, who never married, was the eighth child of relatively poor parents. Her father made a living as a driver and as a laborer in the construction business. The financial situation was always tight, and taught everyone in the family discipline and to work hard to survive. To support the family, Alma worked as an accountant and clerk.<mask>'s father paid a monthly alimony of 35 Reichsmark (RM) until 1933. Initially he had to be reminded by his mother of his obligations. <mask> was baptized on 29 July 1917, taking the name Johannes Fritz, and was confirmed in 1931. In 1924, <mask> attended the 4. Volksschule (Pestalozzischule—4th elementary school) in Meissen. <mask>

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title: Hans Philipp

texts: was a very good student. His mother understood that education was essential to <mask>'s future.She worked very hard to raise the funds to pay for higher education in order to send <mask> to a Gymnasium (secondary school). In 1927, she managed to have <mask> admitted to the Franziskaneum in Meissen, the Realgymnasium—a secondary school built on the mid-level Realschule to achieve the Abitur (university entry qualification)—in Meissen. Alma, desperate to secure her son's schooling, wrote to the city council of Meissen in 1932 asking if the school fees could be waived. <mask> participated in various sporting events organized by the Christlicher Verein Junger Männer (CVJM—the German equivalent of YMCA) such as hiking, bicycling, skiing, paddling and rowing. He also was a member of the Hitlerjugend (HJ—Hitler Youth) and received the HJ-Ehrenzeichen (Honor Badge). <mask> learned to fly glider aircraft in the Hitler Youth and received his A and B glider license, leading the local HJ-Fliegerschar (Flying Squad) in Meissen. Adolf Hitler officially re-established the Luftwaffe in March 1935.Following this event, <mask> then changed his mind and decided he did not want to become a journalist. He passed his physical examination to become a pilot, observer, aircraft mechanic and or radio operator on 6 September 1935 in Dresden. The financial situation of the <mask> family was always a cause for concern. When Alma's mother was paralyzed and required nursing care, the financial situation became severe. Alma's monthly income was 225 RM and the annual school fee of 180 RM was a big burden. She wrote to the city council multiple times asking for the fees to be waived. By early 1935, the family was behind on their payments which had accumulated to a debt of 390 RM by 31 March 1935.<mask>'s graduation from school was at risk as he was threatened with expulsion on financial grounds.

masks: Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp


title: Hans Philipp

texts:
 <mask>'s decision to opt for military service in the Wehrmacht eased the financial tension. He was permitted to graduate, provided that his mother paid back the debt in instalments of 10 RM per month. Early career
Following his graduation from school, <mask> had to complete his compulsory six months in the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD—Reich Labor Service). He began his RAD service on 2 January 1936 in Lager 5/150 (Camp 5/150) in Riesa. He was released early and started his military training as a Fahnenjunker (cadet) on 6 April 1936 at the 2nd Air Warfare School (Luftkriegsschule 2) at Gatow, on the south-western outskirts of Berlin. Among his classmates were Werner Baumbach, who became a bomber pilot, and Helmut Lent, a nightfighter pilot.<mask>, as a member of the 4. Schülerkompanie (4th Student Company), completed Lehrgang I (1st course) by 4 August 1936, Lehrgang II (2nd course) by 31 May 1937, and the final Lehrgang III (3rd course) by 31 August 1937. He received the Pilot's Badge after completing these courses. During this training period he was promoted to Fahnenjunker-Gefreiter (cadet-private) on 1 October 1936, Fahnenjunker-Unteroffizier (cadet-corporal) on 1 December 1936, Fähnrich (ensign) on 1 April 1937 and Oberfähnrich (senior ensign) on 1 December 1937. <mask> was promoted to the officer rank of Leutnant (second lieutenant) on 24 February 1938, with the effective date was backdated to 1 January 1938. His commanding officer released him with the words, "I release you with great concern for your own career, but with even greater concern for the Air Force as a whole"—apparently <mask> had been aware that his promotion was at risk for his opposition to the monotony of the training system. Just prior to his promotion he had started looking for an alternative employment with the Maschinenfabrik Pekrun (machine factory Pekrun) in Coswig, which his dance

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title: Hans Philipp

texts:
 partner, Margarete Strunz, had helped to arrange.<mask> was transferred to the I. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 253 (I./KG 253—1st group of the 253rd Bomber Wing) on 1 March 1938. This assignment did not suit <mask>, and on 1 May 1938 he managed to get himself transferred to the Jagdfliegerschule Werneuchen (fighter pilot school) in Werneuchen, then under the command of Oberst (Colonel) Theodor Osterkamp. The Anschluß, the 1938 occupation and annexation of Austria into the German Reich, spawned the rapid expansion of the Luftwaffe. <mask>'s fighter pilot career benefited from this expansion and he was transferred to the I./Jagdgeschwader 138 (I./JG 138—1st group of the 138th Fighter Wing) stationed in Wien-Schwechat on 1 July 1938. Here he underwent flight conversion training from the Heinkel He 51 biplane to the then modern Messerschmitt Bf 109. This posed challenges, and on 21 June and again 19 July 1939, he damaged his Bf 109 during takeoff and landing. In 1939, <mask> bought a DKW Meisterklasse automobile.With this car he went on a tour through Italy where he met his future fiancée Katharina Egger from South Tyrol. On 1 May 1939, his unit I./JG 138 was re-designated I./Jagdgeschwader 76 (I./JG 76—1st group of the 76th Fighter Wing). World War II
The German invasion of Poland began on 1 September 1939, and marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. <mask>'s unit was tasked with bomber escort and ground attack as well as combat air patrol missions. He was credited with his first aerial victory on 5 September 1939 over a PZL P.24  south of Radomsko. <mask> maneuvered himself into a favorable attack position and aimed carefully. Just as he was about to open fire, the enemy pilot bailed out without firing a single shot.Nevertheless, he was given credit for the destruction of the aircraft and was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd Class (), which was presented to him on

masks: Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp


title: Hans Philipp

texts:
 10 October 1939. He lost his wingman during the Phoney War air skirmishes with the Armée de l'Air (French Air Force) in late November 1939. Case Yellow (Fall Gelb), the invasion of France and the Low Countries on 10 May 1940, marked the beginning of the Battle of France. <mask> claimed four victories in the early phase of the campaign which earned him the Iron Cross 1st Class () on 31 May 1940. The next day, 1 June, he was promoted to Oberleutnant (first lieutenant) and appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader). His unit was tasked with bomber escort missions against the British Expeditionary Force in the Battle of Dunkirk and was relocated to airbases in the vicinity of Paris on 3 June. Following the armistice on 22 June I./JG 76 was moved to Eindhoven and Schiphol where they were tasked with the aerial defense of the Netherlands.On 5 July 1940, I./JG 76 was renamed II./Jagdgeschwader 54 (JG 54—54th Fighter Wing), 1./JG 76 became 4./JG 54, and at the same time relocated at Campagne, south of Calais. On 25 August 1940, the Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 4. Staffel of JG 54, Oberleutnant Dietrich Hrabak, was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of II./JG 54. In consequence, <mask> was given command of 4./JG 54. Battle of Britain
Aerial operations in what would become the Battle of Britain began for his unit on 12 July 1940. The fighting reached a climax on 7 August when Eagle Day was launched (code name Adlertag). Hitler had issued Führer Directive no.17 (Weisung Nr. 17) on 1 August 1940; the strategic objective was to engage and defeat the Royal Air Force (RAF) to achieve air supremacy, or at least air superiority, in preparation for Operation Sea Lion (Unternehmen Seelöwe), the proposed amphibious invasion of Great Britain. From 7 September onwards, the Luftwaffe switched to attack British towns and cities, with London coming under particularly heavy attack, during

masks: Philipp Philipp


title: Hans Philipp

texts:
 what was dubbed The Blitz by the British. In total, <mask> flew 130 missions over England. His number of aerial victories increased, including his 12th to 15th on 27 September, which led to the presentation of the Honor Goblet of the Luftwaffe () on 28 September 1940. He claimed his 20th victory on 20 October, and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (). He was the second pilot of JG 54 to receive this award.The first was his Gruppenkommandeur (group commander) Hauptmann Hrabak, who received the award one day earlier. The German air offensive against England was a failure, and only resulted in heavy losses. To replenish these, II./JG 54 was withdrawn from the Channel Front on 3 December 1940 and stationed at Delmenhorst. The pilots were sent on a ski vacation at Kitzbühl and given home leave. <mask> made a public propaganda appearance at his Franziskaneum home school on 16 December, speaking of his actions as fighter pilot. On 15 January 1941, his unit was moved to Le Mans, southwest of Paris, to protect the airspace over Normandy. Here they stayed until 29 March 1941 when they were ordered to Graz-Thalerhof in preparation for the attack on Yugoslavia.Balkans campaign and Operation Barbarossa
The Balkans campaign began on 6 April 1941, with multiple objectives. Operation Marita was the codename for the German invasion of Greece, while JG 54's Stab, II. Gruppe, and III. Gruppe were committed to the invasion of Yugoslavia. During the early missions, JG 54 engaged the Bf 109s of the Jugoslovensko Kraljevsko Ratno Vazduhoplovstvo (JKRV—Yugoslav Royal Air Force) in numerous air battles. <mask> claimed two JKRV Bf 109s shot down during a Stuka escort mission on the second day of operations on 7 April, taking his total to 25 aerial victories. 4./JG 54 made four claims in total.<mask>'s opponents were from 32 Grupa which suffered eight Yugoslav-flown Bf 109s

masks: Philipp Philipp Philipp Philipp


title: Hans Philipp

texts: shot down. Five pilots were killed—Captain Miha Klavova, 104 Eskadrila; Second Lieutenant Jovan Kapesic, 103 Eskadrila; Warrant Officer Branislav Todorovic, 103 Eskadrila, Sergeant Vladimir Gorup, 103 Eskadrila and Sergeant Milivoje Boskovic, 104 Eskadrila. Following the surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army on 17 April 1941, while stationed at an airfield at Zemun near Belgrade, the Geschwader received orders on 3 May 1941 to turn over all Bf 109-Es so they could receive the new Bf 109-F variant. Transition training was completed at Airfield Stolp-Reitz in Pomerania. Following intensive training, the Geschwader was moved to airfields in Eastern Prussia. On 22 June at 03:05, 120 aircraft of the Geschwader crossed into Soviet airspace in support of Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. <mask>, like many other German fighter pilots, enjoyed superiority over his Soviet adversaries in the early phase of Barbarossa, both in terms of the training he had received and the aircraft that he flew.He quickly accumulated further victories and on account of his 31st to 33rd victories achieved on 4 July was mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht radio report, the first of five such mentions, on 7 July. <mask> claimed his 62nd victory on 24 August 1941, an achievement which earned him the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (). He was the 33rd member of the German armed forces to be so honored. The presentation was made on 27 August 1941 by Hitler at the Führer Headquarter Wolfsschanze (Wolf's Lair) in Rastenburg (now Kętrzyn in Poland). Following the loss of Hauptmann Franz Eckerle, who had been reported as missing in action since 14 February 1942, <mask>, who had claimed his 77th victory, was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of I./JG 54 on 17 February 1942. On 23 February, <mask> shot down his 82nd opponent, the 158 IAP's (158th Fighter Aviation Regiment)


title: Hans Philipp

texts:
 Leytenant Mikhail Satalkin, who was posted as missing in action. Eastern Front

Following his 86th victory claimed on 12 March 1942, <mask> became the first member of the Geschwader to receive the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords ().The Swords had been awarded only seven times before. The presentation on 5 April 1942 was again made by Hitler himself at the Wolfsschanze. By this date his total had increased further. On 31 March 1942, he became only the fourth Luftwaffe fighter pilot to achieve 100 victories. Following the presentation of the Swords, <mask> went on home leave. Again he was asked to make a number of propaganda appearances. On 1 May 1942, he spoke before his home school and before the Meissen youth at the Hamburger Hof.He, his mother and his fiancée were also invited to Meissen Town Hall on 30 April. Among other officials, present were the NSDAP-Kreisleiter (county leader) Helmut Böhme and the mayor of Meissen, Walter Kaule. <mask> was granted the privilege of signing the Meissen Golden Book (Goldenes Buch)—a book signed in German communities and cities by special guests of honor. <mask> returned to the Eastern Front at Krasnogwardejsk south of Leningrad and claimed his 101st to 103rd victories on 6 June 1942, which were mentioned in the Wehrmachtbericht on 7 June. His third mention in the Wehrmachtbericht on 27 June came after he achieved his 108th to 110th victories on 26 June. In addition to the references in the Wehrmachtbericht he received the German Cross in Gold () on 29 June 1942. He also received the Croatian Order of the Crown of King Zvonimir () 2nd Class with Swords on 15 September 1942 for his work with the Croatian Air Force Legion's fighter unit commanded by Franjo Džal.On 14 January 1943, he claimed his 150th aerial victory. This led to the presentation of the Picture of the Reichsmarschall in Silver Frame


title: Hans Philipp

texts:
 () on 16 February 1943. His unit received the Focke-Wulf Fw 190 in February 1943. He quickly accumulated further victories, and on 17 March 1943, his 26th birthday, he claimed his 200th to 203rd enemy aircraft shot down, recognized by his fourth mention in the Wehrmachtbericht. He was the second pilot after Hermann Graf to achieve this mark, and at the time was the most successful fighter pilot of the Luftwaffe. Wing commander of JG 1 and death
In April 1943, <mask> was transferred to Defense of the Reich duties as Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of Jagdgeschwader 1 (JG 1—1st Fighter Wing), flying high altitude interception operations against the USAAF Eighth Air Force over the North Sea and northern Germany. He succeeded Oberstleutnant Erich Mix who was transferred.<mask> claimed his 204th victory on 2 May, and his 205th on 18 May before falling ill with appendicitis. This required hospitalization in Meissen. On 4 October 1943, Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring is said to have issued the following instructions after another attack by the Eighth Air Force. There are no meteorological conditions which would prevent fighters from taking off and engaging in combat. Every fighter pilot returning in a machine not showing any sign of combat, or without having recorded a victory will be prosecuted by a court-martial. In the case of where a pilot uses up his ammunition, or if his weapons are unusable, he should ram the enemy bomber. <mask>'s response was "As far as I'm concerned, I categorically refuse to allow myself to be held to such advice; I know what I have to do!"On 8 October 1943, the US Eighth Air Force attacked targets in Bremen and Vegesack with 156 bombers. The bombers were escorted by more than 250 Thunderbolts from six different fighter groups. Phillipp's flight was intercepted by P-47s of the 56th Fighter Group. The Stab Flight of the Geschwader heard

masks: Philipp Philipp Philipp


title: Hans Philipp

texts: <mask> announce a victory over a Thunderbolt. The last transmission from him was, "Reinhardt, attack! ", Feldwebel <mask> Reinhardt was <mask>'s wingman on this day. He last saw the Kommodore's aircraft disappear in a cloud.Reinhardt was wounded after colliding with an enemy aircraft, but made a successful forced landing. Later that evening, the Geschwader learned that their Geschwaderkommodore had been shot down and killed in his Fw 190 A-6 "Red 6" (Werknummer 530407—factory number). The report filed by Reinhardt on 10 October 1943 stated that he and <mask> had taken off at 14:11 on a mission against enemy bombers in the vicinity of Bremen. The group led by Y-Verfahren (Y-Control) had sighted a formation of about 30 Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses southwest of Bremen at 15:12. The bombers had already completed their bomb run and were returning to England. <mask> started his attack from the right, driving the attack to pointblank range, flaming one of the B-17s which crashed at 15:32. <mask> then flew under the formation to the left when he was hit from the defensive fire of a rear gunner on one of the B-17s which was lagging behind.<mask> then went into a dive and Rheinhardt asked by radio "what has happened?" His response was "Reinhardt, attack". Reinhardt, who had seen that <mask> had been hit, followed <mask> down until he disappeared in a lower cloud layer. More recent research has suggested that <mask> may also have been hit by a P-47 "Thunderbolt" piloted by Robert S. Johnson of the 61st Fighter Squadron. <mask> tried to return to his airfield, but was forced to bail out at low altitude at 15:45 between Hardenberg and Itterbeck, near Wielen (). His parachute failed to open and the jump from an altitude of about  mortally wounded him. His body was recovered and examined in the field hospital in Rheine the next day.The post mortem examination revealed

masks:
Philipp
Hans Güher
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp
Philipp


title: Hans Philipp

texts:
 extensive burns, particularly to the face, a laceration on the back of his head, multiple broken bones and flesh wounds as well as a particularly deep injury to his upper abdomen and inner organs. From Rheine, on 10 October 1943 <mask>'s body was transported to Meissen by train  where it arrived the next day. The Wehrmachtbericht announced his death on 12 October. The funeral at the Trinitatisfriedhof (Trinitatis Cemetery) in Meissen, on 14 October 1943, was dominated by military, public and Nazi officials. His coffin, which was draped in the national flag of Nazi Germany along with his honors and decorations on a velvet cushion, was put on display on the entry steps of the town hall in Meissen. Present at the funeral along with his mother, his fiancée and other members of the family, were Oberstleutnant Hannes Trautloft and Generaloberst Alfred Keller, who delivered the eulogy. <mask>'s mother died on 7 May 1973, her urn was buried next to her son.Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 193 aerial victory claims, plus nine further unconfirmed claims. This figure includes 171 claims on the Eastern Front, two during the Balkan Campaign, and 20 claims on the Western Front, including one four-engined bomber. Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock list 206 aerial victory claims plus one further unconfirmed claim. This number includes up to two further unconfirmed claims on 31 March 1942. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 00281". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a


title: Totila

texts: <mask>, original name Baduila (died 1 July 552), was the penultimate King of the Ostrogoths, reigning from 541 to 552 AD. A skilled military and political leader, Totila reversed the tide of the Gothic War, recovering by 543 almost all the territories in Italy that the Eastern Roman Empire had captured from his Kingdom in 540. A relative of Theudis, sword-bearer of Theodoric the Great and king of the Visigoths, Totila was elected king by Ostrogothic nobles in the autumn of 541 after King Witigis had been carried off prisoner to Constantinople. Totila proved himself both as a military and political leader, winning the support of the lower classes by liberating slaves and distributing land to the peasants. After a successful defence at Verona, Totila pursued and defeated a numerically superior army at the Battle of Faventia in 542 AD. Totila followed these victories by defeating the Romans outside Florence and capturing Naples. By 543, fighting on land and sea, he had reconquered the bulk of the lost territory.Rome held out, and Totila appealed unsuccessfully to the Senate in a letter reminding them of the loyalty of the Romans to his predecessor Theodoric the Great. In the spring of 544 the Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I sent his general Belisarius to Italy to counterattack, but Totila captured Rome in 546 from Belisarius and depopulated the city after a yearlong siege. When Totila left to fight the Byzantines in Lucania, south of Naples, Belisarius retook Rome and rebuilt its fortifications. After Belisarius retreated to


title: Totila

texts:
 reading

External links

 The Diplomacy of <mask> (paper on Totila's foreign policy)
  La guerra gotico-bizantina
  Le sepolture regie del regno italico (secoli VI-X) – Totila (541–552)

552 deaths
6th-century kings of Italy
People from the Province of Treviso
Ostrogothic kings
6th-century monarchs in Europe
Gothic warriors
People of the Gothic War (535–554)
Year of birth unknown
Monarchs killed in action
6th-century Ostrogothic


title: Ace Mumford

texts:
Arnett William "<mask>" <mask> (November 26, 1898 – April 28, 1962) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at historically black colleges and universities in Texas and Louisiana from 1924 to 1961, compiling a career college football record of 233–85–23. His head coaching positions were at Jarvis Christian College (1924–1926), Bishop College (1927–1929), Texas College (1931–1935), and Southern University (1936–1961). He has been inducted into at least eight halls of fame for his coaching accomplishments. Background
In 1924 <mask> graduated from Wilberforce University, where he served as a member of Kappa Alpha Psi social fraternity. He began coaching later that same year. After a brief stint at Jarvis Christian, he then coached football, basketball, and baseball at Bishop.He first came to the attention of Southern University officials after one of his Texas College teams soundly defeated Southern in a game; afterward, when a Southern dean accused his Texas College players of stealing from the school, <mask> forced all of his players to get off of the team bus and to display their personal belongings until the school's missing items could be located. Southern officials were impressed by both his coaching and disciplinary actions of that day. Once at Southern he was also known for emphasizing the importance of education. On the field itself he earned a reputation for perfectionism, making the team practice the same play late into the night to get it just right, even employing a white-colored football to assist visibility during late night use. He was also notably opposed to attempting field goals; at one point Southern was documented to have made just three successful kicks in the decade prior to a November 1955 game—and perhaps even extending for an undocumented period of time after that as well. A contemporary newspaper article concerning a banquet to be held to recognize <mask> for his then-twenty years of

masks: Ace Mumford Mumford Mumford Mumford


title: Ace Mumford

texts:
 service to Southern summed up his career:

In those days, long before the formal creation of the Bayou Classic, <mask> led Southern to an 8–1 record against Grambling State (including 5–1 against the famed Eddie Robinson). Southern's biggest intrastate rivalry of that era was actually with Xavier, and it quickly grew too heated to remain at on-campus venues.<mask> supported philanthropic efforts to move the game to a neutral field and convert it into a charitable fundraiser for the local chapter of the Lions Club, in its fight against the causes of visual impairment. Multiple "Glasses Bowl" classic games were held, starting in 1939. <mask> died of a heart attack at the age of 63, while directing a track meet. It is said that "he died in his cleats." <mask> once had the third most wins among all college football coaches, behind only Pop Warner and Amos Alonzo Stagg; he still has the fourth most wins among HBCU coaches, behind Robinson, Billy Joe, and "Big" John Merritt. <mask> led Texas College to 1 black college football national championship and Southern to 5 black national championships. He also coached Texas College to 2 and Southern to 11 Southwestern Athletic Conference football championships.During one particular stretch between 1948 and 1951, his teams posted a 38-game unbeaten streak. In addition, he coached Southern to the 1941 black national championship in basketball by taking the National Intercollegiate Invitational Tournament in Cincinnati. He also served as athletic director while at Southern. <mask>'s teams produced more than 40 All-Americans. In 1960 it was also estimated that "more than half of Louisiana's high school coaches are former Jaguars." By the 1939 season <mask>'s football program was so successful that it had begun turning heads even within the local white community; as a sign of the changing times, Southern had begun to advertise accommodations for white patrons on its new stadium grounds. When the stadium was

masks:
Mumford
Mumford
Mumford
Legacy Mumford
Mumford
Mumford
Mumford


title: Ace Mumford

texts: completed in 1940, it included a 150-seat section for white patrons.One of the more noteworthy white fans was Ellis A. "Little Fuzzy" Brown who, along with his twin brother James ("Big Fuzzy"), coached Istrouma High School into the most successful dynasty in Louisiana's highest classification of prep football. Likewise, white coaches such as Frank Broyles and Bear Bryant were known to have visited Mumford during his coaching career to discuss football strategy. Mumford's 1948 team also further bridged the racial gap by participating in the first game between an HBCU and a predominantly white institution, at the Fruit Bowl; Southern defeated San Francisco State 30–0, and finished the year at 12–0—a single-season won–loss record that has yet to be surpassed by any HBCU team. As evidence of the respect that he retained within the HBCU coaching community, among the pallbearers and honorary pallbearers serving at his funeral were past, present, and future college football head coaches Alex Durley, T. B. Ellis, Jake Gaither, Zip Gayles, Howard Gentry, B. T. Harvey, Emory Hines, Bob Lee, Pop Long, Merritt, Billy Nicks, Alfred Priestly, Robinson, and E. E. Simmons. The funeral was officiated by Rev. Dr. T. J. Jemison.Among the honors bestowed upon <mask> include him being elected president of the SWAC and executive vice president of the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics. In 1958 he was inducted into the NAIA–Helms Foundation Hall of Fame. In 1960 he was named "Coach of the Decade" for the 1950s by the 100% Wrong Club of Atlanta, an organization that fosters HBCU athletic competition. In 1961 he was given the Small College Service Award "for outstanding contributions to intercollegiate athletics" by the Football Writers Association of America. On February 25, 1962, shortly before his sudden death, <mask> was recognized by the Baton Rouge Alumni Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi "for outsanding achievement and social service." Though he was

masks: Mumford Mumford


title: Ace Mumford

texts:
 much more closely associated with the NAIA, the National Collegiate Athletic Association even made a special point to issue a memorial resolution for <mask> at its fifty-seventh annual convention, in 1963. Southern's A. W. Mumford Stadium, which saw its original concrete grandstand constructed during his tenure, was renamed for him on September 25, 1982, following an expansion project.<mask> was subsequently posthumously inducted into the Louisiana Sports Hall of Fame (1984), the Southern University Sports Hall of Fame (1988), the SWAC Hall of Fame (1992), the HBCU Heritage Museum and Hall of Fame (before or in 2000), and the College Football Hall of Fame (2001). The American Football Coaches Association, of which he was a member, also selected him posthumously for the 2006 Trailblazer Award, for his coaching accomplishments at an HBCU in the decade of the 1940s (an especially noteworthy achievement considering that, back in 1960, he had been named "Coach of the Decade" for another decade—the 1950s). In 2011 he was inducted into the West Virginia Sports Hall of Fame. In October 2016 the city of Buckhannon, West Virginia erected a plaque at the lot where his childhood home had been located. On November 4, 2016 <mask> was again acknowledged by the Southern University Sports Hall of Fame, this time with a new, life-sized statue bearing his likeness. Most recently he was inducted into the Black College Football Hall of Fame, in 2019. Head coaching record

See also
 List of college football coaches with 200 wins

References

External links

1898 births
1962 deaths
Bishop Tigers football coaches
Southern Jaguars and Lady Jaguars athletic directors
Southern Jaguars football coaches
Texas College Steers football coaches
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
People from Buckhannon, West Virginia
African-American coaches of American football
African-American college athletic directors in the United States
20th-century African-American

masks: Mumford Mumford Mumford


title: Edward Boscawen

texts:
Admiral of the Blue <mask>, PC (19 August 171110 January 1761) was a British Admiral in the Royal Navy and Member of Parliament for the borough of Truro, Cornwall. He is known principally for his various naval commands during the 18th century and the engagements that he won, including the siege of Louisburg in 1758 and Battle of Lagos in 1759. He is also remembered as the officer who signed the warrant authorising the execution of Admiral John Byng in 1757, for failing to engage the enemy at the Battle of Minorca (1756). In his political role, he served as a Member of Parliament for Truro from 1742 until his death although due to almost constant naval employment he seems not to have been particularly active. He also served as one of the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty on the Board of Admiralty from 1751 and as a member of the Privy Council from 1758 until his death in 1761. Early life
The Honourable <mask>wen was born in Tregothnan, Cornwall, England, on 19 August 1711, the third son of <mask>, 1st Viscount Falmouth (1680–1734) by his wife Charlotte Godfrey (died 1754) elder daughter and co-heiress of Colonel Charles Godfrey, master of the jewel office by his wife Arabella Churchill, the King's mistress, and sister of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. The young <mask> joined the navy at the age of 12 aboard  of 60 guns.Superb was sent to the West Indies with Admiral Francis Hosier. Boscawen stayed with Superb for three years during the Anglo-Spanish War. He was subsequently reassigned to , , and  under Admiral Sir Charles Wager and was aboard Namur when she sailed into Cadiz and Livorno following the Treaty of Seville that ended hostilities between Britain and Spain. On 25 May 1732 Boscawen was promoted lieutenant and in the August of the same year rejoined his old ship the 44-gun fourth-rate Hector in the Mediterranean. He remained with her until 16 October 1735 when he was promoted to the 70-gun .

masks:
Edward Boscawen
Edward Bosca
Hugh Boscawen
Edward


title: Edward Boscawen

texts:
 On 12 March 1736 Boscawen was promoted by Admiral Sir John Norris to the temporary command of the 50-gun . His promotion was confirmed by the Board of Admiralty.In June 1738 Boscawen was given command of , a small sixth-rate of 20 guns. He was ordered to accompany Admiral <mask> to the West Indies in preparation for the oncoming war with Spain. War of Jenkins' Ear

Porto Bello

The War of Jenkins' Ear proved to be Boscawen's first opportunity for action and when Shoreham was declared unfit for service he volunteered to accompany Vernon and the fleet sent to attack Porto Bello. During the siege, Boscawen was ordered with Sir Charles Knowles to destroy the forts. The task took three weeks and 122 barrels of gunpowder to accomplish but the British levelled the forts surrounding the town. Vernon's achievement was hailed in Britain as an outstanding feat of arms and in the furore that surrounded the announcement the patriotic song "Rule, Britannia" was played for the first time. Streets were named after Porto Bello throughout Britain and its colonies.When the fleet returned to Port Royal, Jamaica Shoreham had been refitted and Boscawen resumed command of her. Cartagena

In 1741 Boscawen was part of the fleet sent to attack another Caribbean port, Cartagena de Indias. Large reinforcements had been sent from Britain, including 8,000 soldiers who were landed to attack the chain of fortresses surrounding the Spanish colonial city. The Spanish had roughly 6,000 troops made up of regular soldiers, sailors and local loyalist natives. The siege lasted for over two months during which period the British troops suffered over 18,000 casualties, the vast majority from disease. Vernon's fleet suffered from dysentery, scurvy, yellow fever and other illnesses that were widespread throughout the Caribbean during the period. As a result of the battle Prime Minister Robert Walpole's government collapsed and George II removed his


title: Edward Boscawen

texts:
 John Byng. Boscawen signed the order of execution after the King had refused to grant the unfortunate admiral a pardon. Boscawen was advanced to Senior Naval Lord on the Admiralty Board in November 1756 but then stood down (as Senior Naval Lord although he remained on the Board) in April 1757, during the caretaker ministry, before being advanced to Senior Naval Lord again in July 1757.Siege of Louisburg

In October 1757 Boscawen was second in command under Admiral <mask>. On 7 February 1758 Boscawen was promoted to Admiral of the blue squadron. and ordered to take a fleet to North America. Once there, he took naval command at the siege of Louisburg during June and July 1758. On this occasion rather than entrust the land assault to a naval commander, the army was placed under the command of General Jeffrey Amherst and Brigadier James Wolfe. The siege of Louisburg was one of the key contributors to the capture of French possessions in Canada. Wolfe later would use Louisburg as a staging point for the siege of Quebec.The capture of the town took away from the French the only effective naval base that they had in Canada, as well as leading to the destruction of four of their ships of the line and the capture of another. On his return from North America Boscawen was awarded the Thanks of both Houses of Parliament for his service. The King made Boscawen a Privy Counsellor in recognition for his continued service both as a member of the Board of Admiralty and commander-in-chief. Battle of Lagos

In April 1759 Boscawen took command of a fleet bound for the Mediterranean. His aim was to prevent another planned invasion of Britain by the French. With his flag aboard the newly constructed  of 90 guns he blockaded Toulon and kept the fleet of Admiral de le Clue-Sabran in port. In order to tempt the French out of port, Boscawen sent three of his ships to bombard the port.The guns of the batteries surrounding the town drove


title: Edward Boscawen

texts:
 off the British ships. Having sustained damage in the action and due to the constant weathering of ships on blockade duty Boscawen took his fleet to Gibraltar to refit and resupply. On 17 August a frigate that had been ordered to watch the Straits of Gibraltar signalled that the French fleet were in sight. Boscawen took his available ships to sea to engage de la Clue. During the night the British chased the French fleet and five of de la Clue's ships managed to separate from the fleet and escape. The others were driven in to a bay near Lagos, Portugal. The British overhauled the remaining seven ships of the French fleet and engaged.The French line of battle ship  began a duel with Namur but was outgunned and struck her colours. The damage aboard Namur forced Boscawen to shift his flag to  of 80 guns. Whilst transferring between ships, the small boat that Boscawen was in was hit by an enemy cannonball. Boscawen took off his wig and plugged the hole. Two more French ships,  and  escaped during the second night and on the morning of 19 August the British captured  and  and drove the French flagship  and  ashore where they foundered and were set on fire by their crews to stop the British from taking them off and repairing them. The five French ships that avoided the battle made their way to Cadiz where Boscawen ordered Admiral Thomas Broderick to blockade the port. Final years, death, and legacy
Boscawen returned to England, where he was promoted General of Marines in recognition of his service.He was given the Freedom of the City of Edinburgh. Admiral <mask> <mask>,Admiral of the Blue, General of Marines,Lord of the Admiralty, and one of hisMajesty's most Honourable Privy Council.His birth, though noble,His titles, though illustrious,Were but incidental additions to his greatness. William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham and Prime Minister once said to Boscawen: "When I apply to other Officers respecting any expedition I

masks: BoscaEdward Boscawen