title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 perhaps the only, chance for Hungarian democracy. On another occasion (Székesfehérvár, 6 June 1926), he stressed that the legitimists were not planning any action to make their principles a reality; the time for this would come only when it would be possible without endangering the existential interests of the nation. He made another important statement on the king question, after the opening of the National Assembly in 1927. He then outlined the relationship of legitimacy to national kingship, saying that the advocates of legitimate kingship were in the public position laid down in the late King Charles' former proclamation. In this proclamation, addressed to the nation after the King's first attempt to return to power, the following basic statements were made: 'the provisions of the pragmatica sanctio concerning common possession and mutual defence have been rendered null and void, and therefore the King will never use the military and financial power of Hungary to assert his claims on other countries; if divine providence should ordain that he should rule over other countries, this circumstance will never in the least affect the independence of Hungary as a state, either from the military or from the foreign policy point of view. " <mask>i in November 1928

During the five years of the Second National Assembly and the years that followed, the focus of <mask>'s activities fell on foreign policy. On several occasions he represented Hungary and the government before the League of Nations and made a major contribution to improving Hungary's image.League of Nations

In July 1923, the issue of the former Hungarian landowners in Transylvania was on the agenda of the Council of the League of

masks:
Albert Appony
Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

type: original

texts: Nations. Romania, under the pretext of the Transylvanian "land reform", expropriated the lands of the Transylvanian landowners who had moved to Hungary without any compensation, and the Hungarian government protested against this to the League of Nations. On behalf of the government, <mask> then presented the Hungarian position in a powerful exposé, and proposed that the matter be referred to the Permanent International Tribunal in The Hague. The Council, however, postponed the resolution of the question and the serious and complicated problem it raised. The question, which from then on was known as the "Optánsperper" in the national and world public opinion, later, especially from 1927 onwards, gave rise to great complications. In the autumn of 1924, <mask> was the head of the Hungarian delegation to the General Assembly of the League of Nations. At the meeting on 9 September he made a powerful speech on the minority problem and the question of disarmament.He stressed that the League of Nations was dealing with the minority question in an unsatisfactory manner, and then went on to say that this was precisely why minorities should be given the right to submit their complaints directly to the Council, which should be obliged to refer all cases to the Permanent International Tribunal. On the question of disarmament, he said that general disarmament was a prerequisite for the disarmament of the vanquished States, and that a fully disarmed Hungary had the right to demand the fulfilment of this condition. He made a major speech at the General Assembly of the League of Nations in the autumn of 1925, during the negotiation of the Security Pact. In his introduction, he recalled the great merits of

masks: Apponyi Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts: the League of Nations High Commissioner Smith in the field of Hungarian reconstruction, and then he uttered the phrase which has become a byword, that just as the unknown soldier, so the unknown Hungarian taxpayer, by his heroic sacrifice, has earned the recognition of the League of Nations. He then presented his motion on the question of minorities, the essential content of which was that the complaints of minorities in church and school matters should be heard compulsorily, and in accordance with the rules of adversarial procedure, that the expert opinion of the Permanent International Tribunal should be obtained in all such cases, and that the autonomy of the large number of minorities living in one place should be achieved. Finally, he proposed that the League of Nations should immediately begin preparations for a general disarmament conference. <mask>'s speech had an extraordinary impact.There was a clear perception among the members of the Conference and the international press present that <mask>'s speech was one of the most significant events of the session, yet his motion was not adopted by the relevant sub-committee to which he was referred for consideration. Representing Hungary in the League of Nations was by no means the end of <mask>'s foreign policy activities during this period. Abroad, he was known as Hungary's representative statesman and one of the world's greatest orators, as eloquent in English, French, Italian and German as he was in Hungarian. He was the keynote speaker of the Hungarian group at the Inter-Parliamentary Union conferences and represented his country on many important issues with much success. He has also written extensively in foreign reviews and

masks: Apponyi Apponyi Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts: newspapers in the past, explaining Hungary's special position in the monarchy, arguing and promoting its rights and aspirations. He was particularly successful in America: his speeches there evoked the memory of Lajos Kossuth in American public opinion. In the autumn of 1923 he travelled to the United States at the invitation of American universities; he left on 19 September and returned on 10 December.At that time, several American statesmen, teachers, businessmen and industrialists tried to keep the United States interested in Europe and remind it of its responsibility for the destiny of humanity. For this reason, it was also considered necessary to make the American public aware of the situation in Central Europe, and <mask> was invited to lecture on this subject. He spoke in New York, Chicago and many other cities in the US and Canada. He lectured on the problem of Central Europe, but he also presented the Hungarian question very forcefully, with the persuasive force of the truth he represented, leaving a deep impression on public opinion with his engaging lectures. His journey was a real triumph. By this journey, as by many others, he contributed greatly to improving the world's opinion of Hungary. On the occasion of his eightieth birthday, the National Assembly wanted to give him a big celebration, but he refused with grateful thanks.But the country still showered him with a thousand testimonies of its love, affection and gratitude. His American admirers presented him with a gold medal, and the United States itself greeted him by telegram. He spent his birthday in Gyöngyösapáti, where, after the Czechs had expropriated his ancestral estate in Eberhard, he founded a new family estate.


title: Albert Apponyi

texts: <mask>, however, could not rest in the ninth decade of his life: a new great task awaited him, and he took up it with great enthusiasm. For three years he represented Hungary before the League of Nations in the optants' case, which had long been a matter of world and national public opinion. From September 19, 1927, when the matter was brought before the League of Nations, until the beginning of 1930, when the Hague Conference, which finally decided the matter, began, this question formed the backbone of his foreign policy work. It was an almost uninterrupted battle against the tactics of the League of Nations, the bias of Neville Chamberlain, the ideology of the victors and the Balkan methods of Nicolae Titulescu, in which he brilliantly used his legal training and legal acumen, which had been little in evidence in his career, and his diplomatic flair, which on more than one occasion saved situations that had seemed lost.If Bethlen managed to achieve often criticised but nevertheless satisfactory results in The Hague and Paris on this issue, it was largely due to his own achievements. This struggle for law and justice was most eloquently appreciated by Hungarian lawyers when, on 29 November 1929, <mask>, 'the great lawyer of the nation', was elected a member of the Budapest Bar Association with great ceremony. He also continued to fight for Hungary as the Hungarian government's chief delegate in Geneva. His two speeches at the Assembly of the League of Nations at this time are particularly noteworthy. One was delivered on 10 September 1929, when, pointing out the absurdity and untenability of the Treaty of Trianon and citing a lifetime of experience, he warned the world's powers that


title: Albert Apponyi

texts: "nothing is eternal in the political world", and the other on 20 September 1930, putting forward new perspectives and powerful arguments in defence of national minorities. At the 1930 General Assembly of the League of Nations, moreover, he was honoured by the election of his wife as chairman of the Social Committee. This caused a sensation throughout the world at the time, because it was the first time that the General Assembly had elected a woman delegate to the chairmanship of a committee.<mask>'s prestige and popularity in international politics now rivalled that of the best-known and greatest foreign statesmen. The great respect in which he and, through him, Hungary were held by the League of Nations is best shown by the fact that when the Union of League of Nations held its General Assembly in Budapest in May 1931, the opening session of the Congress on 26 May, on the occasion of his approaching 85th birthday, was devoted almost entirely to his celebration. On his travels abroad he was always and everywhere received with the respect due to him, even in official circles, and on such occasions he was often able to render valuable services to his country, as on 5 October 1929, when he gave a lecture on the situation of Hungary at the Diplomatic Academy in Paris, and in May 1931, when he delivered a highly successful lecture on the situation of Hungary in Vienna. His reports on his travels appeared in the Budapest Hírlap, Pester Lloyd and several major foreign newspapers. On the occasion of his 85th birthday, foreign politicians showered him with greetings in Hague, including Lord Rothermere, Austrian Chancellor Otto Ender, British Foreign Minister Henderson, Italian Foreign Minister Grandi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 and German Foreign Minister Curtius. In the House of Representatives, elected in the summer of 1931, he naturally took his seat again with a mandate from Jászberény. This time, the town of Jászberény, which he had represented in the House for 50 consecutive years, presented him with a letter of credentials engraved in gold.Death and legacy
<mask> died on 7 February 1933 in Geneva, Switzerland, where he had come to speak at the re-opening of the World Disarmament Conference. On the orders of the Swiss Federal Council, his coffin was taken to St Joseph's Church and from there to Notre-Dame in Geneva. Delegates from the League of Nations were present at the funeral service. On behalf of Switzerland, the former President of the Republic, Giuseppe Motta, paid his last respects. Such was his stature among survivors of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy that Otto von Habsburg made a short trip from Belgium to Geneva for the sole purpose to lay a wreath on his bier. The coffin was then taken to the railway station, from where it arrived in Budapest on Saturday morning. After transfer to Budapest, his body was left lying in state under the cupola of the Hungarian Parliament Building, then following a special act of parliament was buried on 14 February 1933 in the crypt of Matthias Church, the church where he used to come and pray every morning before breakfast while living nearby on Buda Castle Hill since 1902.At five o'clock in the afternoon, the Parliament held a mourning session. The funeral service was conducted by Prince Primate Serédi. Attendants at the state funeral included Regent Miklós Horthy, Prime Minister Gyula Gömbös and Archbishop Serédi. A four-meter-diameter laurel wreath was sent by


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 Benito Mussolini, whom Apponyi had met and admired, and the quasi-legendary Horn of Lehel (hu) was brought from his constituency in Jászberény where it was (and still is) kept in the local museum. In 1938, however, following the First Vienna Award, his old domain at Éberhárd became part of Hungary again, and his remains were reburied in the family chapel there. <mask>'s death was widely mourned in the world press. The press in Europe and other continents covered the death of <mask> in detail:

Popolo d'Italia and other Italian newspapers,
 Manchester Guardian wrote an editorial on the death of the Hungarian statesman,
The Daily Mail, which described the deceased as the greatest statesman of our time,
The Times paid a very warm tribute to Apponyi,
The Daily Telegraph describes how Apponyi fought the war, but could not decide who to side with in the battle between German and Slavic ambitions, and ended up choosing the Germans, so the Slavs confiscated most of his land,
According to the Morning Post, <mask> was the most popular campaigner against the peace treaties,
Deutsche Allgemeine Zeitung puts him alongside Stresemann and Briand in terms of greatness,
The Prager Tageblatt says that <mask>i laws and Magyarization. Between 1911 and 1932, he was five times nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize by Hungarian universities, scientists and political groups, but never became a laureate. He was the subject of national celebration on the occasion of his seventy-fifth birthday in May 1921, when he was made an honorary citizen by numerous Hungarian cities and towns. This is also when Ferenciek tere, a major intersection in Budapest, was renamed Apponyi tér in his honor. (It was rechristened Felszabadulás

masks:
Apponyi
Albert Apponyi
Apponyi
Albert Apponyiony


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 tér, meaning Liberation Square, by the Communist authorities in 1953.)Many Hungarian cities and towns still have an Apponyi street (Apponyi utca, sometimes Gróf Apponyi Albert utca) or Apponyi square (Apponyi tér) in his memory. There is also an Apponyi Street in Fairfield, Connecticut, a town that was home to many Hungarian immigrants in the early 20th century. A bust of <mask> by sculptor Géza Maróti was dedicated in 1939 in Jászberény, the seat of his parliamentary constituency for many decades. It was presumably destroyed during the Communist era. A new bust, by local sculptor György Máté, was dedicated in 1996. A collection of Herend Porcelain is named after <mask>, who is said to have custom-ordered the collection's design. A plaque on the Buda Castle Hill house which Apponyi inhabited from 1901 or 1902 until his death, Werbőczy (now Táncsics Mihály) street 17, honors his memory and that of his son György, a liberal politician who was arrested by the Gestapo and briefly deported to Mauthausen in March 1944 for his opposition to the persecution of Hungarian Jews.Works (selected)
In 1931 he started working on a collection of essays that was published in 1935 after his death as The Memoirs of <mask>. In these, among other themes, he describes his encounters with Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner, his audiences with Popes Pius IX and Pius XI as well as with Benito Mussolini, his impressions of Egypt and America, and his role during the 1920 sequence that led to the Treaty of Trianon. One of his earlier books was titled Esthetics and Politics, the Artist and the Statesman. 1889: Parlamentarismusunk veszedelme, őszinte szó Apponyi Albert Grófról. Budapest
1895: Aesthetika és politika, művész és

masks:
Albert Apponyi
Albert Apponyi
Count Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 államférfiu (Esthetics and Politics, the Artist and the Statesmen), Budapest
1896: Apponyi Albert gróf beszédei. 2 vols. Budapest
1908: A Brief Sketch of the Hungarian Constitution and of the Relations between Austria and Hungary.Budapest
1909: Hungary of to-day. London
1911: Lectures on the Peace Problem and on the Constitutional Growth of Hungary: lectures. Budapest: St. Stephen's Printing Press
1912: Magyar közjog osztrák világitásban. Budapest
1915: Austria-Hungary and the War, New York: Austro-Hungarian Consulate-general. Co-authors: <mask>, Ladislaus Hengelmüller von Hengervár, Konstantin Theodor Dumba, Alexander Nuber von Pereked
1919: The american peace and Hungary. Budapest
1921: Hungarian foreign policy. London, New York, Budapest
1922: Ötven év, ifjukorom--huszonöt év az ellenzéken.Budapest: Pantheon irodalmi intézet r.-t
1922: Emlékirataim. Ötven év Apponyi Albert gróf. Második, átnézett kiadás. 2 vols. Budapest, 1922, 1934. 1925: Gróf <mask> <mask> hét előadása a magyar alkotmány fejlődéséről. Budapest
1928: Justice for Hungary: review and criticism of the effect of the Treaty of Trianon.376 p. London: Longmans, Green (one of several contributors)
1935 (posthumous): The Memoirs of Count <mask>. The MacMillan Company, New York. Ancestors

See also
The "Carte Rouge", a map used by Apponyi in his presentation on 16 January 1920. References

Attribution

External links

<mask> in The New York Times

1846 births
1933 deaths
Politicians from Vienna
19th-century Hungarian people
Hungarian nobility
Austro-Hungarian politicians
Austro-Hungarian people of World War I
Apponyi family
Education ministers of Hungary
Speakers of the House of Representatives of Hungary
Members of the

masks:
Albert Apponyi
Apponyi
Albert
Albert Apponyi
Albert Apponyi


title: Wolfgang Patsch

texts:
<mask> (born 10 August 1946, Wels) is an Austrian physician, specialized in internal medicine/laboratory medicine and a professor in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology at the Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg. He is known for his work in the fields of atherosclerosis, common metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Biography
<mask> studied medicine at the universities of Innsbruck and Vienna from 1964 to 71. In 1971 he was promoted to doctor of medicine sub auspiciis by the President of Austria in Innsbruck. He received further education in biochemistry at the University of Uppsala 1978 and in site directed mutagenesis in Washington D.C. 1985. <mask> began his career as a resident in the Department of Internal Medicine at the University of Innsbruck in 1971. He obtained his licensure for internal medicine in 1977 and was named assistant professor.<mask> moved to the United States in 1978 to work in the Departments of Medicine and Preventive Medicine at the Washington University in St. Louis, where he obtained his medical licensure for the state of Missouri. From 1982 to 1993 he joined the Department of Medicine at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, where he moved through the ranks to become full professor in 1990. From 1982 to 93 he was director of the Atherosclerosis Laboratory at Baylor College of Medicine and Houston Methodist Hospital and from 1987 to 1993 also director of the CDC-Cholesterol Reference Laboratory. He was board-certified for internal medicine in 1987 and obtained his medical licensure for Texas in 1988. <mask> moved back to Austria in 1993 to become chairman of the Department of Laboratory Medicine at the Landeskliniken Salzburg, Austria until 2011. 1998 he was named Außerordentlicher Universitätsprofessor, Austria. <mask> is a cofounder of the Paracelsus Medical University (PMU) of Salzburg.From its conception he was involved in the steering committee and was Dean of Research of the PMU from 2003 to 2006. In 2006 <mask> was named full professor at the  PMU and also appointed university professor at the

masks:
Wolfgang Patsch
Wolfgang Patsch
Patsch
Patsch
Patsch
Patsch
Patsch


title: Wolfgang Patsch

texts:
 Institute of Laboratory Medicine. Since 2011 he has been a professor in the Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology <mask> headed numerous scientific projects sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the American Heart Association, the Austrian Science Fund and the Federal Ministry of Science and Research, Austria. Scientific contribution
As disturbances in plasma lipid and lipoprotein transport are established risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke the initial scientific activities of <mask> focused on the characterization of human lipoproteins. Using zonal ultracentrifugation methods developed by Josef R<mask> (and in collaboration with him), a detailed physical and chemical description of very low-density and high-density lipoproteins was completed. The methods of lipoprotein isolation, developed in Innsbruck, were used by <mask> for many clinical studies at Washington University in St. Louis. In the laboratory of Gustav Schonfeld, <mask> used rat liver perfusions and primary rat hepatocyte cultures to determine the effects of diets and hormones such as insulin and thyroid hormone on hepatic lipoprotein biosynthesis.These studies were continued at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston in collaboration with W. Strobl and S.M. Soyal. In a collaborative effort with Josef R<mask> and Antonio M. Gotto, the strong predictive value of the magnitude of postprandial lipemia for coronary heart disease was established. <mask> was one of the principal investigators of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) from 1985-94. As atherosclerotic disease is often asymptomatic for many years, knowledge about the quantitative importance of risk factors is essential to effectively manage the disorder and reduce its life-threatening sequels. ARIC investigators ascertained the effect size of numerous established and candidate risk factors in well characterized populations using the intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteries as surrogate marker for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular endpoints as outcomes. <mask> contributed to several research projects that

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Patsch
Patsch
. Patsch
Patsch
Patsch
. Patsch
Patsch
Patsch


title: Wolfgang Patsch

texts:
 quantified the risk associated with plasma lipoproteins including lipoprotein(a) in the fasting and postprandial state.After his return to Austria, <mask> concentrated on genetic and functional aspect of energy metabolism. A main research focus was PGC-1alpha, a transcriptional co-activator that orchestrates several biological programs including mitochondrial biogenesis. Other genetic factors with relevance for obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome also were studied in collaboration with H. Esterbauer, H. Oberkofler, T. Felder and F. Krempler. More recently, S.M. Soyal and <mask> discovered brain-specific isoforms of PGC-1alpha which are likely to play a role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease. Apart from his research activities, <mask> contributed to the Sciences as reviewer for numerous medical journals, as organizer of medical congresses and as committee member and/or expert for research support-providing institutions such as NIH, NHLBI and NIDDK, the Swiss National Science Foundation, the Israel Science Foundation, the Netherlands Genomic Initiative, Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and the EU. Academic Memberships
<mask> is a member in the advisory or editorial  boards of several scientific magazines:
 Diabetologia (2003-2005)
 Current Diabetes Reviews (since 2004)
 Adipocytes (since 2004)
 Open General and Internal Medicine Journal OGIM (since 2007)

Honors and awards
 1971 Promotion Sub auspiciis Praesidentis of Austria
 1974 Unilever award, Vienna
 1975/76/94 Hoechst-Stiftung, Innsbruck, Graz and Wien
 1979 Ärztekammerpreis, Tirol and Vorarlberg
 1987 American Board of Internal Medicine, unter den 2 Prozent besten Prüfungskandidaten
 1990/91/94 Österreichpreis der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde
 1999 Hans-Wendt-Prize der Salzburger Ärztegesellschaft
 1999 Austrian Atherosclerosis Society Prize
 2000 Austrian Laboratory Society Prize
 2005 Among top 5% recipients of grants distributed by NIH between 1980-2004
 2012 Sanofi-Prize, Austria

Publications
PubMed

References

Austrian internists
1946

masks: Patsch Patsch Patsch Patsch


title: Lucas Hnath

texts:
<mask> ( ) is an American playwright. He won the 2016 Obie Award for excellence in playwriting for his plays Red Speedo and The Christians. He also won a Whiting Award. Biography
<mask> grew up in Orlando, Florida. He moved to New York City in 1997 to study pre-med, and then changed to dramatic writing at the Tisch School of the Arts, at New York University, earning a BFA in 2001, and an MFA in 2002. He teaches at New York University. He is a resident playwright at New Dramatists.Red Speedo premiered Off-Broadway at the New York Theatre Workshop from February 17, 2016 to March 27, 2016. The play, directed by Lileana Blain-Cruz, won the Obie Award, Playwriting and Performance for <mask> Rooney. The play involves Ray, a competitive swimmer at the start of the trials for the Olympic team. Jesse Green, in his review for Vulture, wrote: "<mask> is never interested solely in the material repercussions of character... In Red Speedo, the underlying subject seems to be the cost of morality, which is generally too high for people like Ray... <mask> lightly suggests — he's too subtle to use the big hammer — that the immoral imbalance of our current economy is stripping us down to our animal skins. All we're good for is competition." The play opened at the Studio Theatre, Washington, DC, in 2013.The director of the production, Lila Neugebauer, explained: "...doping is just the arena for a conversation about what constitutes fairness, and the myth of equal opportunity." His play A Doll's House, Part 2 premiered on

masks:
Lucas Hnath
Hnath
Lucas Caleb
Hnath
Hnath


title: Lucas Hnath

texts:
 Broadway at the John Golden Theatre on April 1, 2017 in previews and closed on September 24, 2017. Directed by Sam Gold, the cast featured Laurie Metcalf, Chris Cooper, Jayne Houdyshell, and Condola Rashād. The play was commissioned by South Coast Repertory, Costa Mesa, California, where it was running at the same time, directed by Shelley Butler, beginning April 9, 2017. This marked <mask>'s Broadway debut. <mask>'s play "picks up after Henrik Ibsen's "A Doll's House" concludes." The play was nominated for the 2017 Tony Award for Best Play and Laurie Metcalf won the 2017 Tony Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role in a Play.His play Hillary and Clinton opened in previews on Broadway at the John Golden Theatre on March 16, 2019, officially on April 18. The play is directed by Joe Mantello and stars Laurie Metcalf and John Lithgow. The play had pre-Broadway engagements starting in 2016 at the Victory Gardens Theater, Chicago. Dana H premiered at the Kirk Douglas Theatre (Los Angeles) on May 26, 2019 in previews, officially on June 2, presented by the Center Theatre Group. The play relates a real-life incident in the life of his mother, Dana Higginbotham. The play is directed by Les Waters and stars Deidre O’Connell. The play was commissioned by The Civilians (New York) and the Goodman Theatre (Chicago), and will play at the Goodman later in 2019.The Christians
His play The Christians concerns influence and faith in a megachurch, with much of the cast being a church "spirit-raising

masks: Hnath Hnath


title: Bill Peterson

texts:
William E<mask> (May 15, 1920 – August 5, 1993) was an American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. His career included head coaching stops at Florida State University, Rice University and with the Houston Oilers of the National Football League (NFL). Considered one of the unique characters in college sports, <mask> is credited with bringing the pro passing game to college football. He is also known as the "Coach of Coaches", having tutored such coaches as Joe Gibbs, <mask>, Bobby Bowden, Don James, Dan Henning, Ken Meyer and many others. Coach "Pete", as he was known, is also remembered for his reshaping of the English language. One of his more novel expressions was to have his team "pair off in groups of threes, then line up in a circle." Beyond his trials with syntax, <mask> is best remembered for bringing the Seminoles to the forefront of college football, using pro-style offenses and a much feared passing game.Youth and family life
Born in Toronto, Ohio, <mask> was the youngest of six children. When his father died at the age of twelve, <mask> thought his dream of coaching had died as well. He recounted those feelings in his book, Building from the Start:

Visions of playing and someday coaching football would walk through my mind. I would bite my lip, fight back the tears, and roll my face into the pillow. "<mask>", I would say, "You have no right to think about such things. They are for other people." Finally, I would sleep, but the dreams would fill my young mind.I'm glad they did. <mask> persevered and ultimately earned a degree from Ohio Northern University in 1946. Playing end on the football team, <mask> was selected as a team captain. It was there that he met his wife, Marge, with whom he would be married

masks:
. Peterson
Peterson
Bill Parcells
Peterson
Bill Peterson
Peterson
Bill Peterson
Peterson
Peterson


title: Bill Peterson

texts:
 for 52 years. Together, the couple had five sons. His second youngest son, <mask>., is currently the athletics director at Shorter University in Rome, Georgia. <mask>'s brother, <mask>, was the head football coach at Wofford College from 1971 until 1973.Coaching career
<mask> began his coaching career as a high school coach in Ohio, recording a 51–22–3 record before joining Paul Dietzel in 1955 as an assistant coach at LSU. Working as the Tigers offensive line coach, <mask> was considered an integral part of the coaching staff that led the Tigers to the 1958 national championship. <mask>'s work at LSU resulted in his being named the head football coach at Florida State in December 1959. According to Florida State's 2008 football media guide, "Florida State's arrival on the national map occurred during <mask>'s eleven seasons as head coach." While at FSU, <mask> would be recognized for his offensive innovations as well as a number of significant firsts for that fledgling football program. <mask> Campbell Stadium. <mask> also coached the Seminoles to their first win ever at Florida Field.Under <mask>, Fred Biletnikoff would become the Seminoles first All-American. <mask> also recruited the Seminoles' first black football players, including J.T. Thomas, the first black to ever play varsity football at FSU. In recognition of his many accomplishments at Florida State, "H" style goal posts were added to the field at Doak Campbell Stadium in 2002 and have been named, "Pete's Posts". [<mask>] also developed a high level of discipline on and off the field and an unusual number of pro quarterbacks. His wide-open passing offense was the antithesis of what most southern teams did, and his forward-thinking schemes were frequently copied by NFL coaches.

masks:
Bill Jr
Peterson
Jack Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Petersonak
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson


title: Bill Peterson

texts: <mask> can be credited with putting Florida State on the national map.He recruited from the talent-rich areas of Pennsylvania (Fred Biletnikoff) and Ohio (Steve Tensi) as Florida, unlike today, had a smaller population and a limited high school talent base. He brought in three-platoon football mimicking the famous "Chinese Bandits" teams he used as an assistant at LSU and gave them the designations of the "Chiefs", "Renegades", and "War Party". Despite the wide-open attack, the LSU influence was obvious and he built his early teams upon a smothering defense. He later augmented this with one of the first truly innovative passing offenses that brought visiting coaches from every corner of the country. He came up with the concept of the "hot receiver", never before seen, to counter blitzes, and FSU became known as an Independent primed to upset any team at any time. <mask> served as head football coach and athletic director at Rice University during the 1971 season. Author Giles Tippette documented that 3–7–1 campaign in his 1973 book, Saturday's Children.In 1972, <mask> joined a select group who have been head coaches in high school, at the major college level and in the National Football League (NFL). As has been the case with a number of successful college coaches, <mask> did not fare well as a head coach in the NFL. <mask> coached the Houston Oilers for the entire 1972 season and for five games in the 1973 season. The team finished 1–13 in 1972 and 0–5 in his five games in 1973. His career record in the NFL was 1–18, and his .053 winning percentage is the lowest for any coach after the NFL/AFL merger who coached at least one entire season. After leaving the Oilers, <mask> was the athletic director at the University of Central Florida from 1982

masks: Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson Peterson


title: Bill Peterson

texts:
 through 1985. Honors and legacy
<mask> is a member of the Florida Sports Hall of Fame, the Florida State University Sports Hall of Fame, the Ohio Northern Athletic Hall of Fame, the Gator Bowl Hall of Fame, the Mansfield, Ohio City Schools Hall of Fame and the Toronto, Ohio High School Athletic Hall of Fame.<mask>'s greatest legacy as a coach may be in the number of successful head coaches that got their start working under him. Each of the following worked for <mask>, many getting their first coaching jobs as a member of his staff. Together, these coaches claimed five Super Bowl wins and four major college football national championships. Since 2006, every head coach of college football's BCS national champion can be found in the <mask> coaching tree. Don James (Kent State, Washington)
 Bobby Bowden (West Virginia, Florida State)
 Vince Gibson (Kansas State, Louisville, Tulane)
 Al Conover (Rice)
 Gene McDowell (Central Florida)
 Joe Avezzano (Oregon State)
 Y C McNease (Idaho)
 John Coatta (Wisconsin, Mankato State)
 Joe Gibbs (Washington Redskins)
 Dan Henning (Atlanta Falcons, San Diego Chargers, Boston College)
 <mask> (New York Giants, New England Patriots, New York Jets, Dallas Cowboys)
 Ken Meyer (San Francisco 49ers)
 Earle Bruce (Ohio State, Colorado State)
 Kay Stephenson (Buffalo Bills)
 Bobby Ross (Maryland, Georgia Tech, San Diego Chargers, Detroit Lions, Army)

Head coaching record

College

NFL

References

1920 births
1993 deaths
American football ends
Florida State Seminoles football coaches
Houston Oilers coaches
LSU Tigers football coaches
Ohio Northern Polar Bears football players
Rice Owls athletic directors
Rice Owls football coaches
UCF Knights athletic directors
High school football coaches in Ohio
People from Toronto,

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Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Peterson
Bill Parcs


title: Andrew Lord (artist)

texts:
<mask> (born 1950) is an English artist based in New York, primarily known for ceramics and drawings. In a 2010 monograph on the occasion of his exhibition at the Milton Keynes Gallery, Dawn Adès commented that his sculpture, informed by painting, ceramics  poetry, the natural world and the city, exemplifies, "The centrality of material things to memory, experience, associations." Early life

<mask> was born in Rochdale, Lancashire. He attended Rochdale College of Art   and the Central School of Art and Design, London. His early influences were artists connected with the north of England; Henry Moore, the painter LS Lowry and the poet Ted Hughes, as well as the Lancashire landscape. Career
At the Central School, he encountered two influential teachers, Gilbert Harding Green and Bonnie van de Wetering. Though, it soon became clear to him that the direction of the course was not for him  as <mask> said, “I liked working with clay but I went through a training I didn’t like.”  In 1971, upon graduating <mask> exhibited his maverick  approach to sculpting in clay.Throughout the 70s and 80s he explored both art historical and contemporary movements more associated with the domain of fine art  such as Cubism, Process Art and Performance. In his final year at the Central School <mask> travelled to Italy to study the works of the Della Robbia workshop  and in 1972 he was included in the exhibition "International Ceramics" at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London. In the same year he travelled to the Netherlands to work at "de Porceleyne Fles"  a ceramics factory in Delft, at first constructing large-scale sculptures in the factory's Architectural Department, later working in the Experimental Department  a studio for artists within the factory. As he told curator Richard Armstrong in the catalogue to his 1993 exhibition at the Carnegie Museum of Art, “I did my own work there for six months until I was asked to leave...my work

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Lord
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title: Andrew Lord (artist)

texts:
 was not considered to be of a high enough standard.”

In this period he discovered the sculptors Johann Gottlieb Kirchner and Johann Joachim Kaendler of Meissen, Delft and Staffordshire ceramics and De Stijl. As writer, artist, and authority on ceramics Tony Birks noted in 1976, <mask>'s distinctive approach placed him at the tense boundary of fine art and craft: “It is ironic that his carefully and deliberately made pieces are in distinguished public and private collections around the world, by way of fine art galleries, but are regarded as crude, childish or clumsy by some of the regular outlets for hand-made objects.”
In 1974, with a scholarship from the British Council  <mask> travelled throughout Mexico  looking at pre-Columbian art and architecture, attached to the Museo Nacional de Antropologia in Mexico City. In 1975 he returned to Rotterdam, where he received a three-year stipend from the Rotterdam Art Foundation. Whilst living there he travelled extensively in Europe and made frequent visits to Paris where he looked at paintings made there at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth centuries and discovered the ceramics of Paul Gauguin.Henry Geldzahler explained <mask>'s vision as, "precipitated by a sudden confrontation with the history of painting and sculpture and modern art in particular." Of this time, <mask> said, “I tried to understand how Picasso, Cezanne and Monet had looked at objects and how they had observed light and shade. In my studio in Rotterdam I painted the objects I was making as if through other artists eyes. When a particular kind of light fell across a plate or vase I recorded it with brushstrokes I’d seen in paintings.”

His first solo exhibition, "Pottery," was held at Anthony Stokes Gallery, London in 1978, installed on Barry Flanagan's Rowford Process furniture. Of the show, British art critic William Packer wrote, “<mask>’s work is fraught with ambiguity; when does

masks: Lord Lord Lord Lord Lord


title: Andrew Lord (artist)

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 an object become still life and taking it a further step, when does still-life, that staple of painting, become sculpture?" In 1978 he exhibited at the Stedelijk Museum  and began working with the leading Dutch art gallery, Art & Project making his second solo exhibition "Angled Pottery" with the gallery in 1980. In 1981, Kasper Koenig included him in the exhibition, "Heute-Westkunst," at Museen der Stadt Koln, Rheinhalle in Cologne  after which he left Amsterdam for New York.<mask>'s work was introduced to New York in 1981 by Irving Blum and Joseph Helman, at the Blum Helman Gallery. In the New York Times John Russell called his US debut, “The most original show of the month, and the most difficult to categorize ... before long we realise that they may not really be sculptures at all, but paintings that happen to be performed as much as painted, in three dimensions. His pieces are sculpture in that we can walk all around them, but fundamentally they are paintings.”
Reviewing his 2009 exhibition, Robert Pincus-Witten wrote, “His radical relocation of crafts to art means we now must judge his work as we do painting and sculpture.”  In a review in the New York Times of his 2014 exhibition at Gladstone Gallery, Ken Ferguson wrote, “At once bracingly ugly and sensuously beautiful, the recent ceramic sculpture by the British artist <mask> look as if they’d been made by a clumsy but aesthetically sensitive giant. Contemporary clay sculpture doesn’t get much better than this.”

Influence

In 2002 Adriaan van Ravesteijn, collector gallerist of Amsterdam's Art & Project, used an allegory of a sea of sculptors' to describe <mask>'s unique approach:

“We would have to look for him at the outer limits of the convoy, far from other artists, amid a wide expanse of sea. Along the flank of this ship we can still see clear signs of damage from a collision that he once had with another ship. Many years ago, ceramists sailing the waters

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Lord
Andrew Lord
Lord


title: Andrew Lord (artist)

texts:
 of the applied arts had tried to abduct him to their own camp. Unfortunately for them, but not for us, the attempt failed, so that <mask> was able to dedicate himself to sculpture, an art form which he has now enriched with a completely unique artistic language”

Described as an "artist's artist"  by Jerry Saltz, <mask>'s work from the 1970s onwards was collected primarily by fellow artists including Barry Flanagan, David Hockney, Jasper Johns, Ellsworth Kelly, Mark Lancaster, Roy Lichtenstein, Peter Struycken, Cy Twombly and Ugo Rondinone.Ceramics historian Garth Clark described <mask> as ‘a style’s originator’. In 2015 he wrote, “There is something of an irony about the work in <mask>’s new exhibition at Barbara Gladstone Gallery...<mask> has always been unique, a loner. His approach to clay gives an aura of craftlessness...the seeming casualness with which he moves the clay and the “sloppy” glazing has irked the ceramics community for five decades while at the same time intriguing the art world. However, now his “look” is everywhere, <mask>ts and <mask> Sculptures abound throughout New York and beyond...For the first time <mask> is now competing in a genre he pioneered and in many ways founded.”

Describing Simon de Pury’s 2015 exhibition ‘Fire’ at Venus over Manhattan Gallery, Ian Volner wrote, ‘The medium first caught Simon’s attention in the mid-1990s, when he happened on a show by <mask>, a New York–based ceramicist, at the Leo Castelli Gallery. <mask>’s expressive, unconventional handling of the material made a lasting impression not just on de Pury, but also on a generation of artists who have taken up ceramics in the years since. “He’s been very influential,” says the curator, who managed to draw together <mask> and some of the artists the ceramicist has inspired for the Venus Over Manhattan show.’

References
`

Further reading

Living people
British ceramists
British sculptors
1950

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Andrew Lord
Lord
Lord
Andrew Lord
Lord
Lord Po
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord
Lord


title: Liu Zhijun

texts:
<mask> (; born 29 January 1953) is a former Chinese politician who served as Minister of Railway. <mask> was a peasant's son who left school in his teens to take a job as a low-level bureaucrat in the Railway Ministry. He rose rapidly within the Ministry, eventually heading several regional railway departments and serving as vice-minister before being promoted to the head of the Railway Ministry in 2003. As Railway Minister, <mask> oversaw numerous expansions of China's railway system, most notably the rapid development of China's high-speed railway. He was a figure of national praise until February 2011, when he was arrested and expelled from the Party over allegations of corruption. After the Wenzhou train collision in July 2011, in which forty people died and one hundred and ninety-two people were injured, a government report singled out his leadership as one of the main contributors to the crash and he was publicly criticized. In April 2013, <mask> was arrested on corruption charges for allegedly taking bribes and abusing his power as Minister of Railways.He was convicted and received a death sentence with reprieve in July 2013. On 14 December 2015, <mask>'s sentence was statutorily commuted to life imprisonment. The prison authorities said that he was expressing repentance and had committed no intentional offences during the reprieve period. Career

Early career
<mask> was born in Huarong, Hubei. His father was a farmer, and he grew up in the villages around Hunan. When he was a teenager, in 1972, he left school and took a job as a low-level bureaucrat in the national ministry of railways. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) the next year, in August 1973.While working at the rail ministry he became a trusted letter-writer for some of his more poorly-educated superiors within the ministry, and in 1974, when he was twenty-one, he married into a politically well-connected family. <mask> graduated from the Party School of the CCP (a university established specifically to educate

masks:
Liu Zhijun
Liu
Liu
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title: Liu Zhijun

texts:
 Party leaders) in July 1988, majoring in Marxist Philosophy. <mask> continued his education, later earning a master's degree in Engineering from the Party School. <mask> ascended through the ranks of the rail ministry swiftly, and before running the entire ministry served two separate, subsequent terms as the director of two regional railway bureaus, in Liaoning and in Henan. He became a member of the CCP Central Committee during its sixteenth congress, in 2002. Minister of Railways

<mask> was promoted to vice-minister, and later succeeded then-Minister Fu Zhihuan as Minister of Railways in March 2003 at the annual meeting of the National People's Congress. At the time that <mask> was made Minister of Railways, the Ministry of Railways was the second most powerful ministry in China (second to the military).It had its own police, judges, and courts, and had a budget of billions of dollars. After being named minister, <mask> announced plans to dramatically expand China's then-underdeveloped railway system by building 7,500 miles of new high-speed railway tracks, more than could be found in the rest of the world combined. The central government supported <mask>'s plans, and allocated <mask> a budget of over two hundred and fifty billion dollars (over several years). This made <mask>'s plan the world's most well-funded public infrastructure project since the American president Ike Eisenhower constructed the American Interstate Highway System in the 1950s. In order to complete China's first high-speed rail line before the end of 2008, <mask> led the Railway Ministry's employees to work around the clock. His habit of telling people that "To achieve a great leap, an entire generation must be sacrificed" earned him the nickname "Great Leap Liu". (Some of his detractors also called him "Lunatic <mask>" for the pace of his work).While developing China's high-speed rail system, <mask> also oversaw comprehensive upgrades of China's standard rail system, and he oversaw the opening of the

masks: Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu


title: Liu Zhijun

texts: Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the world's highest railway by elevation, but he regarded the development of China's high-speed rail system as his favourite project. When China's first high-speed rail system completed its first test-run in June 2008 it was 75 per cent over budget, but was hailed in the Chinese media as an achievement worthy of national pride. <mask> described his achievement as having created a network with a comprehensive system involving indigenous Chinese intellectual property. He stated that China had created a high-speed railway system that had the "greatest comprehensive technology, best integrative ability, highest operational distance, fastest operational speed, and largest scale of construction" in the world. (In reality the rail system was largely based on German and Japanese designs). Shortly after <mask>'s completion of China's first high-speed rail line, in the autumn of 2008, the Chinese government more than doubled <mask>'s ministry's budget (as part of an effort to combat global recession), and gave him the responsibility laying ten thousand miles of high-speed rail track by 2020: five times the size of America's first transcontinental route. By 2010 <mask>'s budget was over one hundred billion dollars (US).In 2011, the American president, Barack Obama, cited <mask>'s high-speed rail system as evidence that American infrastructure was no longer the best in the world. In 2009 <mask> gave a public lecture in which he voiced his opinion that, in order to avoid rising costs due to China's high rate of inflation, his ministry must "seize the opportunity, build more railways, and build them fast." Before 2011 the Railway Ministry acted as its own regulator and was virtually unsupervised by the central government. <mask> personally attempted to intimidate academics critical of the pace of the high-speed railway's construction, and ignored Japanese warnings that his trains were being operated at speeds 25% greater than what was considered safe in Japan. Criticism,

masks: Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu Liu


title: Liu Zhijun

texts:
 investigation, and fall
During his tenure, <mask>'s ministry was criticized for its illegitimate business interests and relationships with large companies, its inability to improve conditions for migrant workers during the Chinese New Year travel season, its slow response to widespread winter storms in 2008, and its failures to prevent the 2008 train collision in Shandong and a smaller collision in Hunan a year later. In addition, <mask> was personally subject to online criticism for his repeated marriages. Illegal subcontracting was a common practice throughout <mask>'s tenure as head of the rail ministry, so that much of the staff who built the railway were poorly educated, trained, and supplied.<mask> was criticized within China for arranging a high-level position within the ministry for his brother, <mask>ng. In January 2005 <mask> was arrested for embezzlement, bribe-taking, and arranging the killing of a contractor intent on exposing him. Before being arrested, <mask>ng was able to amass a fortune equivalent to US$50 million in cash, real estate comprising 374 properties, jewelry, and art. He was sentenced to death, but this sentence was suspended and reduced to sixteen years in jail, after which he was transferred to a hospital to serve his sentence there. While serving his sentence in hospital he reportedly continued to conduct rail business by phone. In February 2011 <mask> was placed under investigation for alleged "severe violations of discipline" by the Chinese Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI). According to the CCDI and the Chinese Ministry of Supervision, the reason for the investigation was that <mask> was suspected of abusing his position to receive very large bribes.Investigators began to act after concluding that <mask> was planning to use his illegal fortune in order to bribe his way into the Communist Party Central Committee, and eventually into the Politburo. Shortly following the announcement of the investigation, <mask> was dismissed from his

masks:
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Zhixia
Liu Zhixiang
Liu Zhixia
Liu Zhijun
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Liu
Liu


title: Liu Zhijun

texts: position as party chief of the ministry on 12 February. The allegations of corruption against him led to his dismissal as Minister on 25 February 2011. His dismissal was linked to an earlier corruption case involving Shanxi business magnate Ding Yuxin (former name Ding Shumiao) of Boyou Investment Management Group Ltd., a company whose portfolio benefited greatly from China's rapid high-speed rail construction. Just prior to his dismissal <mask> had traveled over 7,000 miles across China, from 30 January to 8 February, inspecting China's railways in order to ensure smooth operations during the subsequent Chinese New Year travel season. His downfall came suddenly and unexpectedly. At the time of his dismissal, the international media considered <mask> the highest-level Party official to be prosecuted for corruption since Chen Liangyu lost his post as Party Chief of Shanghai in 2006.<mask> was expelled from the Chinese Communist Party in May 2011 for "severe violations of discipline" and "primary leadership responsibilities for the serious corruption problem within the railway system". The Chinese state press alleged that <mask> took an illegal 4% commission on railway deals, and that he had accumulated over two hundred and fifty million dollars in bribes. The CCP later accused him of "sexual misconduct", a revelation which surprised many who had followed <mask>'s career. The Hong Kong-based newspaper Ming Pao repeated this report, alleging that <mask> kept eighteen mistresses. In July 2011, while <mask> was still under investigation, the Wenzhou train collision, in which a faulty signal box led to the deaths of forty people and injured one hundred and ninety-two, exposed him to further accusations of systematic corruption and incompetence within his Rail Ministry. The Railway Ministry unsuccessfully attempted to cover up the details of the crash, but lingering public criticism led Prime Minister Wen Jiabao to visit the crash site shortly after the incident, where he promised a full, public


title: Liu Zhijun

texts:
 government investigation and justice for those found responsible. The government released its findings in December 2011, in which it acknowledged and blamed the disaster on "serious design flaws", "a neglect of safety management", and flaws in the bidding and testing processes used to acquire materials.The report publicly blamed fifty-four private and government figures for the disaster, the most prominent of which was <mask>. Following the December report, <mask>'s name became a byword for "a broken system". He was put on trial in 2013 and received a death sentence with reprieve in July 2013. After his fall in 2011, Chinese government censors removed and/or blocked within China the many glowing reviews of his government service which had accumulated over his career, so that now only the details of his arrest remain available within China. On 14 December 2015, <mask>'s sentence was commuted to life imprisonment. The prison authorities said that he was expressing repentance and had committed no intentional offences during the reprieve period. Notes

References

Sources

 Gov.cn."<mask>jun". Gov.cn: Chinese Government's Official Web Portal. 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012. Lu Hui. "China's Railway Minister Under Investigation Over 'Disciplinary Violation'". Xinhua News.12 February 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2012. Osnos, Evan. "Boss Rail: The Disaster That Exposed the Underside of the Boom". The New Yorker. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 25 October 2012.Wee, Sui-Lee, Huang Yan, and Miral Fahmy. "China Railways Minister Dismissed -Xinhua". The Los Angeles Times. 25 February 2011. Retrieved 26 February 2011. [Broken link]. Wong, Edward."China’s Railway Minister Loses Post in Corruption Inquiry". The New York Times. 12 February 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2012. 1953 births
Living people
Chinese people in rail transport
People's Republic of China politicians from Hubei
Politicians from Ezhou
Expelled members of the Chinese Communist Party
Chinese politicians convicted of corruption
Chinese

masks:
Liu Zhijun
Liu
Liu Zhijun
Liu Zhi


title: Guri Weinberg

texts:
<mask> ( born August 1, 1972) is an Israeli-American actor and writer. He is known for playing Stefan in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 (2012), from The Twilight Saga film series based on the novels of the same name by Stephenie Meyer. <mask> began his acting career with bit roles in television series and movies, such as The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles (1993) and Odd Jobs (1997), before receiving more prominent roles in films such as You Don't Mess With the Zohan (2008). <mask> also portrayed his father, <mask>, in the 2005 film Munich, directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the book Vengeance by George Jonas. He has been married to American film and television actress Tammy Lauren since 1997. Early life
<mask> was born on August 1, 1972 in Tel Aviv, Israel, to Mimi and <mask>. His father was the coach of the international wrestling team for Israel and of Hapoel Tel Aviv; he had previously been the Israeli youth wrestling champion, and also held a similar title for 8 years, as the Israeli adult wrestling champion.<mask> was one month old when his father, as national wrestling coach for Israel and as part of the 1972 Summer Olympics team, travelled to Munich, where he was killed alongside eleven team members in a terrorist attack led by Palestinian terrorist group Black September in the Munich massacre. Following the death of her husband, <mask>'s mother Mimi relocated with her son in 1986 to the United States of America, settling in Los Angeles, California. Weinberg attended Beverly Hills High School. Career
<mask> has appeared in numerous bit roles in television series and films, as well as in more prominent roles. Attending Beverley Hills High School in Los Angeles, California, <mask> was in the company of other film and television

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title: Guri Weinberg

texts: stars such as Jennifer Aniston and Angelina Jolie. He began his acting career at age 21, appearing in an episode of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles ("Young Indiana Jones and the Scandal of 1920"). Following this, Weinberg had small roles in television films, such as Odd Jobs (1997), starring Patrick Dempsey, as well as in occasional episodes of other television series such as Jack in the third season of Pensacola: Wings of Gold ("Don't Ask, Don't Tell").In 2005, when <mask> was 33, director and producer Steven Spielberg offered him the role of his own, biological father Moshe <mask>, in the historical drama film Munich, based on the events following the Munich massacre of the 1972 Summer Olympics in which his father was killed by a terrorist group known as Black September. The film was also based on the book Vengeance, by Canadian-Hungarian author George Jonas. The film received several Academy Awards nominations, including for Best Picture, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Score. It performed well worldwide in terms of commercial success, earning $130 million, and was named the 16th "Best Film of the 21st Century So Far" by The New York Times, in 2017. It generated both a lot of praise and critique for its portrayal of the historical events it was representing, including from <mask>'s own mother Mimi, who was unhappy with the film. She later said she did not for people to view the film, despite her son appearing in it. Following such success of Munich, <mask> received greater interest for his acting.He stated in an interview in 2006 that he had previously been involved in smaller roles, "but now I'm in demand, I've got a ton of auditions [following Munich]." The interest generated in him as an actor following his role in Spielberg's film resulted

masks: Weinberg Weinberg Weinberg Weinberg


title: Guri Weinberg

texts:
 in him being offered roles in successful commercial films, notably as Aharon in the political satire You Don't Mess With the Zohan (2008), starring and produced by Adam Sandler. In 2012, <mask> appeared as Stefan, a member of the Romanian vampire coven along with Canadian actor Noel Fisher (in the role of Vladimir) in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2. This film, the final of The Twilight Saga film series based on Stephenie Meyer's novels of the same name, performed successfully at the box office despite mixed reviews by critics, and was the highest-grossing film of the saga series overall, generating $292.3 million. <mask> has featured as a recurring character in the short-lived television series Cane, in the role of Yossi/Yosi, as well as in NCIS: Los Angeles, as Yaniv. More recently, he appeared in the role of Avi in the 2018 film, First We Take Brooklyn, starring Charlotte McKinney. He has enjoyed single episode or short-term roles in many popular American television shows, including The Closer, Burn Notice and The Mentalist.<mask> frequently writes on his blog, accessible via his official website, and in the past has written opinion or guest pieces for media outlets such as Fox News, for whom he wrote an opinion piece in 2014. He updated his blog during filming of The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2 (2012), recounting pranks and friendship amongst cast and crew members. He is also the co-founder (along with his wife, Tammy Lauren, and writer/director Nony Geffen) and CEO of Destiny's Saloon, a self-reported "artist owned, boutique multimedia agency based in the Coachella Valley." Filmography

Film

Television

Personal life

<mask>'s father Moshe <mask> was killed in the Munich massacre by Palestinian terrorist group Black September

masks: Weinberg Weinberg Weinberg Weinberg Weinberg


title: Guri Weinberg

texts:
 at the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, Germany, when <mask> was one month old. His father had been attending the Olympics as part of the Israeli wrestling team, due to his position as the national wrestling coach. In regards to his father's death, <mask> has said in an interview: "I was angry with him for many years...I thought that if he hadn't tried to fight them, maybe I would have had a father." He refers to his father's reported protesting against his terrorist captors, which led to them shooting him and leaving his body in the street whilst they took other team members hostage.<mask> later played the role of his father Moshe in Steven Spielberg's 2005 film Munich, which was based on the massacre as well as on the book Vengeance by George Jonas. Despite her son appearing in the film, <mask>'s mother Mimi has expressed her frustration at Spielberg's portrayal of the events and people involved, stating she "[doesn't] want people to see it, even if [her] son is in it." <mask> became married to fellow American film and television actress Tammy Lauren in 1997. The couple do not have any children together. References

External links
Official website

1972 births
Living people
Israeli emigrants to the United States
Jewish American male actors
American people of Israeli descent
Israeli Jews
21st-century American


title: Galla (wife of Theodosius I)

texts:
Galla (died 394) was a Roman empress as the second wife of <mask> I. She was the daughter of Valentinian I and his second wife Justina. Family
Little is known of Galla, including her full name. Galla is the female cognomen for Gallus and, in Latin, gallus could mean both an inhabitant of Gaul and a rooster. Galla is listed as one of four children of the marriage by Jordanes. Her paternal uncle Valens was Emperor of the Eastern Roman Byzantine Empire from 364 to his death in the Battle of Adrianople (9 August 378). Her father was emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 364 to his death on 17 November 375 and was previously married to Marina Severa.The only known child of that marriage was Gratian, Western Roman Emperor from 375 to his assassination on 25 August 383. Her mother was previously married to Magnentius, a Roman usurper from 350 to 353. However both Zosimus and the fragmentary chronicle of John of Antioch report that Justina was too young at the time of her first marriage to have children. Galla thus had no known maternal half-siblings. Galla had three full-siblings. Her only brother was Valentinian II, first co-emperor with Gratian from 375 and then the only legitimate Western Roman Emperor from 383 to his death by hanging on 15 May 392. His death was officially reported as a suicide but Arbogast, his magister militum, was suspected to have had a hand in it, an accusation found in the writings of Socrates of Constantinople, Orosius, and Zosimus.Sozomen was less certain and mentioned both versions of how Valentinian II died. Her two sisters were Grata and Justa. According to Socrates, both remained unmarried. They were probably still alive in 392 but not mentioned afterward. Marriage to <mask>

<mask> was cast into a role of significance because of conflict between three Roman emperors in the 380s. In 383, Gratian died while facing a

masks: Theodosius Theodosius Galla


title: Galla (wife of Theodosius I)

texts: major revolt under Magnus Maximus. Maximus proceeded to establish his control of a portion of the Roman Empire including Britain, Gaul, Hispania, and the Diocese of Africa.Ruling from his capital at Augusta Treverorum (Treves, Trier), he was able to negotiate his recognition by Valentinian II and <mask> I starting in 384. Valentinian II's territory was effectively limited to Italia, ruling from Mediolanum (modern Milan). In 387, the truce between Valentinian II and Maximus ended. Maximus crossed the Alps into the Po Valley and threatened Mediolanum. Valentinian and Justina fled their capital for Thessaloniki, capital of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum and at the time the chosen residence of <mask>. Galla accompanied them. <mask> was then a widower, his first wife Aelia Flaccilla having died in 385 or 386.Theodosius granted refuge to the fugitives. According to Zosimus's account, Justina arranged for Galla to appear weeping before Theodosius and to appeal for his compassion. Galla was reportedly a beautiful woman and Theodosius was soon smitten and requested to marry her. Justina used this to her advantage, setting a condition for the marriage agreement under which Theodosius would have to attack Maximus and restore Valentinian II to his throne. <mask> consented to Justina's condition, the marriage probably taking place in late 387. The account was questioned by Louis-Sébastien de Tillemont as inconsistent with the piety of Theodosius. He suggested that the marriage took place in 386, prior to the beginning of hostilities.On the other hand, Edward Gibbon in his The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire considered Zosimus' account more likely. In Theodoret and Tyrannius Rufinus's accounts, religious ardor fueled <mask>' decision to start the war, contradicting Zosimus' tale of Galla's involvement. Zosimus' explanation, as well as

masks: Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius Theodosius


title: Galla (wife of Theodosius I)

texts:
 Theodoret's and Rufinus', has been disputed by modern scholars, who believe <mask>' march against Maximus and union with Galla to be based on calculations of political gain. The marriage would cement his dynastic alliance to Valentinian II and enable him to control the newly installed Western ruler. Empress
When Galla married Theodosius, she became both a Roman empress and a stepmother to Theodosius’ two sons from his first marriage, Arcadius and Honorius. Arcadius was the eldest and had been declared an Augustus in January 383. He served as a nominal co-ruler to his father but was still approximately ten years old at the time of Galla's marriage.In July and August of 388, the combined troops of <mask> I and Valentinian II invaded the territory of Maximus under the leadership of Richomeres, Arbogast, Promotus, and Timasius. Maximus suffered a series of losses and surrendered in Aquileia. He was executed on 28 August 388 along with his son and nominal co-ruler Flavius Victor. Elen, his wife, and his two daughters were spared. Justina's condition for the marriage had been met, however she died the same year, unable to witness the result of her efforts. Theodosius installed Valentinian and his court at Vienne in Gaul, away from Milan and the influence of Ambrose. Theodosius appointed Arbogast as magister militum for the Western provinces.Acting in the name of Valentinian, Arbogast was actually subordinate only to Theodosius. Theodosius spent the years 388–391 in Italia, while Galla and her stepsons remained in the Great Palace of Constantinople. According to Marcellinus Comes, in 390 Arcadius expelled her from the palace. However, since Arcadius was only thirteen, that decision could as well have belonged to those who governed in his name. Zosimus reports her mourning over the death of her brother in 392. On August 22 of the same year, Arbogast

masks: Theodosius Theodosius


title: Galla (wife of Theodosius I)

texts:
 declared Eugenius as an emperor without the approval of Theodosius. Negotiations with Theodosius to achieve recognition were unsuccessful and, on 23 January 393, Theodosius declared his second son Honorius, an Augustus, the implication being that Theodosius alone was legitimate emperor.Conflict between the two emperors began the following year, resulting in the Battle of the Frigidus, on 5–6 September 394. <mask> was victorious and gained control of the entire Roman Empire while Arbogast committed suicide and Eugenius was executed. Whether Galla lived to see the victory is uncertain. According to Zosimus, she died in childbirth within the same year, the exact date unknown. Tillemont interpreted a passage of Philostorgius to identify Galla as an adherent of Arianism, however the passage actually seems to mean that her mother was Arian. Galla herself is identified as an Arian in the Chronicon Paschale. Children
Galla had three children with Theodosius who were:
 Gratian, a son born in 388 and who died in 394;
 Aelia Galla Placidia, a daughter (392–27 November, 450), her only child to survive to adulthood and who later became an empress in her own right.She married Ataulf, king of the Visigoths, and, after his death, Constantius III;
 John, a son, who died with his mother in childbirth in 394. References

Sources
 Rodgers, N., The History and Conquests of Ancient Rome, Hermes House, 2005. Roberts, Walter E., Valentinian I (364–375 A.D), roman-emperors.org. Woods, David, <mask> I (379–395 A.D.), roman-emperors.org. Smith, William, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, ancientlibrary.com. Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Google Books, Galla's sister <mask>usta. 370s births
394 deaths
4th-century Roman women
Arian Christians
Deaths in childbirth
Flavii
Roman empresses
Theodosian dynasty
Valentinianic dynasty
Daughters of Roman

masks: Theodosius Theodosius I


title: Didier Ben Loulou

texts:
<mask> (born 29 May 1958), is a Franco-Israeli photographer. Biography
<mask> was born on 29 May 1958 in Paris, France. He moved to Israel at the beginning of the 1980s, where he worked on a first project, Israel Eighties, a series of images in black and white. In the next two decades, <mask> undertook a vast project on towns and cities, a collection of portraits under the format of a "photographic repertoire" of urban geographies. In the historical port of Jaffa and the Ajami Neighbourhood, he observed the comings and goings of populations, their exile and asylum. His focus moved to Jerusalem between the two Intifadas (1991-2008), cornerstone of his work, where he explored the meanders of a city with multiple borders, filled with violence and the sacred. A book, Jérusalem: 1991-2006, was published in 2008.<mask> <mask> questioned the spiritual and the invisible again in a series of images on the Hebrew letters, the Aleph-Bet transcending the sacred and the profane, to establish a bond between the living and the dead (2012). He travelled along the Mediterranean coast, to cities and landscapes, in search of the meaning of wandering. From 2006 to 2008, he photographed gypsies mingling with migrants in Athens, merger of the Third and the Fourth Worlds on the outskirts of the capital. Since then, <mask> <mask> has been leading a

masks:
Didier Ben Loulou
Didier Ben Loulou
Didier Ben Loulou
Didier
Ben Loulou
Didier
Ben Loulou


title: Didier Ben Loulou

texts:
 nomadic existence between Jerusalem, Marseille, Jaffa, Athens, Tanger, Palermo, Safed, Thessaloniki and Ajaccio. From 2006 to 2019, he finalized a project on Corsica (Sanginaires), quintessence, according to him, of the Mediterranean. He examined the notion of re-enchantment and the possibility of happiness in a chaotic world. "I simply want to be the bearer of what is revealed to me, silently and in secret".The square format and colours are all-important features of his work, as well as the Fresson process used to print his analogue images since 1979. He is a Villa Medici Hors les Murs laureate (1995) and the recipient of a Fiacre (French Ministry of Culture) scholarship (1997). <mask> <mask> is the author of about twenty books, including two journals and reflections on his approach, Chroniques de Jérusalem et d’ailleurs (2016), Un Hiver en Galilée (2018), and Mise au Point with Fabien Ribery (2019). His works are regularly exhibited in Europe and the United States. The Institute for Contemporary Publishing Archives (IMEC) is the repository of his private archives since 2007. Gallery
Fresson Prints. « Le photographe Didier <mask>lou est notre invité », sur le site 9lives-magazine, 9 décembre 2019.1958 births
Living people
20th-century French photographers
Fine art photographers
20th-century photographers
Israeli

masks:
Didier
Ben Loulou
Ben Lou


title: Paul Alan Cox

texts:
<mask> is an American ethnobotanist whose scientific research focuses on discovering new medicines by studying patterns of wellness and illness among indigenous peoples. <mask> was born in Salt Lake City in 1953. Education
After receiving his B.S. in Botany and Philosophy from Brigham Young University, he was awarded a Fulbright Fellowship to read for his M.Sc. in Ecology at the University of Wales at Bangor. He received a Danforth Fellowship and a National Science Foundation Graduate Fellowship for his Ph.D. studies at Harvard University in Biology where, twice, he was awarded the Bowdoin Prize, a distinction he shares with Ralph Waldo Emerson. He was appointed as a Miller Fellow at the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science at the University of California, Berkeley and as a University of Melbourne Research Fellow in Australia.Early in his academic career he was named a National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator by Ronald Reagan, and used the research funds to pursue his interests in mathematical biology and ethnobotany. Career
After serving as professor and dean at Brigham Young University he became the first King Carl XVI Gustaf Professor of Environmental Science at the Swedish Agricultural University and the Uppsala University, a visiting professorship established by the Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences. For seven years he was director of the Congressionally-chartered National Tropical Botanical Garden (NTBG) in Hawaii and Florida. Currently, he is executive director of the Brain Chemistry Labs, in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. He is the author of

masks:
Paul Alan Cox
Cox


title: Paul Alan Cox

texts:
 over 220 scientific papers, reviews, and books and was chosen by Time magazine as one of eleven "Heroes of Medicine" in 1997 for his search for new medicines from plants. Evolutionary ecology
<mask> began his research in evolutionary ecology as a student of John L. Harper at the University of Wales in Bangor by studying dioecy in plants. At Harvard University where he served for four years as Teaching Fellow for E. O. Wilson, he studied how vertebrate pollination influenced breeding system evolution in tropical lianas.Collaborating at Harvard with tropical botanist P. B. Tomlinson, at Berkeley with Herbert G. Baker, and Melbourne with Bruce Knox, he used mathematical search theory to analyze seagrass pollination and later, with mathematician James Sethian used search theory to develop a new approach to the evolution of different size sperm and eggs, known as anisogamy, a topic he continued to pursue with Japanese biologist Tatsuya Togashi. He discovered with colleagues Sandra Banack and James Metcalf in cyanobacteria AEG, a hypothesized backbone of peptide nucleic acids in the pre-RNA world early in the earth's history. They are studying possible health consequences of exposure to isomers of AEG and other cyanobacterial toxins, including beta-Methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA). Ethnobotany
Although trained in evolutionary ecology, because of his fluency in Polynesian languages, <mask> was encouraged by Harvard Professor Richard Evans Schultes to pursue ethnobotanical studies. He became increasingly focused on ethnomedicine after his mother died from breast cancer. Subsequently,

masks: Cox Cox


title: Paul Alan Cox

texts:
 with his colleagues Gordon Cragg, Michael Boyd, and others at the National Cancer Institute, they discovered the anti-HIV/AIDS properties of prostratin found in the bark of the mamala tree of Samoa. He was elected as president of the Society for Economic Botany and has been president of the International Society for Ethnopharmacology.Together with Michael Balick, he wrote, Plants, People, and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany., and for his ethnobotanical studies was awarded the E. K. Janaki Ammal Medal from India, and the Eloise Payne Luquer Medal by the Garden Club of America. He is a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London, and appointed Adjunct Professor at the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and at the College of Pharmacy by the University of Illinois, Chicago. Currently, he is searching for a cure for ALS, Alzheimer's, and other tangle diseases. Conservation
In 1997 he received the Goldman Environmental Prize for the conservation efforts described in his book, Nafanua: Saving the Samoan Rainforest (New York: W.H. Freeman), which has been translated into German, Japanese, and Samoan. He speaks a variety of island languages and is internationally-renowned for his advocacy of indigenous peoples. <mask> lived with his family in the village of Falealupo on Savai'i island in Samoa where he helped create a covenant with chiefs to protect their lowland rainforest from logging.In 1988, he was bestowed the Nafanua matai chief title by Falealupo, one of the


title: Paul Alan Cox

texts:
 highest legendary titles in Samoa, in honor of his conservation efforts. Dr. <mask> founded the environmental nonprofit organization, Seacology, located in Berkeley, California, which has preserved over 1.5 million acres of island forests and coral reefs, and was named a Laureate for the Prince's Prize for Innovative Philanthropy in 2015 by Albert II, Prince of Monaco. At the request of Governor Scott M. Mattheson, <mask> helped defeat the MX missile project proposed for Utah and Nevada, led the successful effort to establish the 50th U.S. National Park, The National Park of American Samoa, and was a delegate to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in Lausanne, Switzerland to protect flying fox species in Pacific islands. Faith
As a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, <mask> emerged as a prominent voice for biological conservation. He served a mission in Samoa and is active in his church. References

Bibliography

 , in

External links
 Time.com: The Plant Hunter
 Seacology
Brain Chemistry Labs

Living people
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Brigham Young University faculty
21st-century American botanists
American Mormon missionaries in Samoa
Ethnobotanists
Samoan chiefs
Brigham Young University alumni
1953 births
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry
Latter Day Saints from California
Latter Day Saints from Massachusetts
Latter Day Saints from Hawaii
Latter Day Saints from Florida
Latter Day Saints from Wyoming
American expatriates in Sweden
Goldman Environmental Prize

masks: Cox Cox Cox


title: Kid Ory

texts:
Edward "<mask><mask> (December 25, 1886 – January 23, 1973) was an American jazz composer, trombonist and bandleader. One of the early users of the glissando technique, he helped establish it as a central element of New Orleans jazz. He was born near LaPlace, Louisiana and moved to New Orleans on his 21st birthday, to Los Angeles in 1910 and to Chicago in 1925. The Ory band later was an important force in reviving interest in New Orleans jazz, making radio broadcasts on The Orson Welles Almanac program, among other shows. In 1944–45, the group made a series of recordings for the Crescent label, which was founded by Nesuhi Ertegun for the express purpose of recording Ory's band. Ory retired from music in 1966 and spent his last years in Hawaii. Biography
<mask> was born in 1886 to a Louisiana French-speaking family of Black Creole descent, on Woodland Plantation in Laplace, now the site of 1811 Kid Ory Historic House.<mask> started playing music with homemade instruments in his childhood, and by his teens was leading a well-regarded band in southeast Louisiana. He kept LaPlace as his base of operations because of family obligations until his twenty-first birthday, when he moved his band to New Orleans. <mask> was a banjo player during his youth, and it is said that his ability to play the banjo helped him develop "tailgate", a particular style of playing the trombone with a rhythmic line underneath the trumpets and cornets. His use of glissando helped establish it as a central element of New Orleans Jazz. When <mask> was living on Jackson Avenue, he was discovered by Buddy Bolden, playing his first new

masks:
Kid
" Ory
Ory
Ory
Ory
Ory


title: Kid Ory

texts: trombone, instead of an old Civil War trombone. <mask>'s sister said he was too young to play with Bolden. He moved his six-piece band to New Orleans in 1910.Ory had one of the best-known bands in New Orleans in the 1910s, hiring many of the great jazz musicians of the city, including the cornetists Joe "King" Oliver, Mutt Carey, and Louis Armstrong, who joined the band in 1919; and the clarinetists Johnny Dodds and Jimmie Noone. In 1919, he moved to Los Angeles—one of several New Orleans musicians to do so at the time—and he recorded there in 1922 with a band that included Mutt Carey, the clarinetist and pianist Dink Johnson, and the string bassist Ed Garland. Garland and Carey were long-time associates who would still be playing with Ory during his 1940s comeback. While in Los Angeles, <mask> and his band recorded two instrumentals, "Ory's Creole Trombone" and "Society Blues", as well as a number of songs. They were the first jazz recordings made on the West Coast by an African American jazz band from New Orleans, Louisiana. His band recorded with Nordskog Records; Ory paid Nordskog for the pressings and then sold them with his own label, "Kid Ory's Sunshine Orchestra", at Spikes Brothers Music Store in Los Angeles. In 1925, Ory moved to Chicago, where he was very active, working and recording with Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton, Oliver, Johnny Dodds, Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and many others.He mentored Benny Goodman and, later, Charles Mingus. He was said to have attempted to take trombone lessons from a "German guy" who played in the Chicago symphony, but <mask> was turned away after a few

masks: Ory Ory Ory


title: Kid Ory

texts:
 lessons. <mask> was a member of the original lineup of Louis Armstrong's Hot Five which first recorded on November 12, 1925. His composition "Muskrat Ramble" was included in the Hot Five session in February 1926. During the Great Depression <mask> retired from music and did not play again until 1943. He ran a chicken farm in Los Angeles, California. From 1944 to about 1961, he led one of the top New Orleans–style bands of the period.His sidemen during this period included, In addition to Carey and Garland, the trumpeters Alvin Alcorn and Teddy Buckner; the clarinetists Darnell Howard, Jimmie Noone, Albert Nicholas, Barney Bigard, and George Probert; the pianists Buster Wilson, Cedric Haywood, and Don Ewell; and the drummer Minor Hall. All but Buckner, Probert, and Ewell were originally from New Orleans. The Ory band was an important force in reviving interest in New Orleans jazz, making popular 1940s radio broadcasts—among them spots on The Orson Welles Almanac program (beginning March 15, 1944). In 1944–45, the group made a series of recordings for the Crescent label, which was founded by Nesuhi Ertegun for the express purpose of recording Ory's band. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, <mask> and his group appeared at the Beverly Cavern in Los Angeles. In 1958, he played at 'On the levee' on the waterfront at San Francisco. Personal life
Ory retired from music in 1966, and spent his last years in Hawaii, with the assistance of Trummy Young.Ory died of pneumonia and a heart attack in Honolulu. He was buried at Holy Cross Cemetery, Culver City, California. <mask> was Catholic, baptized at St Peter

masks: Ory Ory Ory Ory


title: Kid Ory

texts:
 Church in Reserve, Louisiana. Legacy
In 2021, the 1811 <mask>y Museum House opened on the site of Woodland Plantation in LaPlace, Louisiana, which is in the National Register of Historic Places of the United States. The museum is dedicated both to the 1811 German Coast uprising of enslaved people and to Ory. Partial discography
 1950 <mask>y and His Creole Dixieland Band (Columbia)
 1951 At the Beverly Cavern (Sounds)
 1953 Live at Club Hangover, Vol. 1 (Dawn Club)
 1953 Creole Jazz Band at Club Hangover (Storyville)
 1954 Live at Club Hangover, Vol.3 (Dawn Club)
 1954 <mask>y's Creole Jazz Band  (Good Time Jazz)
 1954 Creole Jazz Band (Good Time Jazz)
 1954 <mask>y's Creole Band/Johnny Wittwer Trio (Jazz Man)
 1955 Sounds of New Orleans, Vol. 9 (Storyville)
 1956 <mask>y in Europe (Verve)
 1956 <mask>y's Creole Jazz Band/This Kid's the Greatest! (Good Time Jazz)
 1956 The Legendary Kid (Good Time Jazz)
 1956 Favorites! (Good Time Jazz)
 1957 The Kid from New Orleans: Ory That Is (Upbeat Jazz)
 1957 Dixieland Marching Songs (Verve)
 1957 <mask>y Sings French Traditional Songs (Verve)
 1958 Song of the Wanderer
 1959 At the Jazz Band Ball (Rhapsody)
 1959 Plays W.C. Handy
 1960 Dance with <mask>y or Just Listen
 1961 The Original Jazz
 1961 The Storyville Nights (Verve)
 1968 <mask>y Live (Vault)
 1978 <mask> Ory and His Creole Band at the Dixieland Jubilee (Dixieland Jubilee)
 19?? <mask>y The Great New Orleans Trombonist (CBS/Sony)
 1981 <mask>y Plays The Blues (Storyville)
 1990 Favorites 1992 <mask>y at the Green Room, Vol. 1 (American Recordings)
 1994 <mask>y at the Green Room, Vol.2 (American

masks:
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Edward Kid
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Or


title: Kid Ory

texts:
 Recordings)
 1997 <mask> and His Creole Band at the Dixieland Jubilee (GNP Crescendo)
 1997 <mask>'s Creole Jazz Band (EPM)
 1998 In Denmark (Storyville)
 2000 Live at the Beverly Cavern (504)

With Red Allen
 1957 Red Allen, <mask> & Jack Teagarden at Newport (Verve)

References

Sources and further reading
McCusker, John. "Creole Trombone: <mask>y and the Early Years of Jazz", University Press of Mississippi, 2012
Marcus, Kenneth. Musical Metropolis: Los Angeles and the Creation of Music Culture 1880-1940''

External links

<mask>y at the Red Hot Jazz Archive
Jubilee (Armed Forces Radio Network) at the Internet Archive; program #250 recorded between July and September 1947 includes <mask>'s Creole Jazz Band performing "Muskrat Ramble" (7:05–10:30)
 1944 Orson Welles Broadcasts at the Kid Ory Archive
 1945 Jade Palace at the Kid Ory Archive
 <mask>y's Creole Jazz Band: 1944–1945 The Legendary Crescent Recording Sessions at AllMusic (Scott Yanow)
 Profiles in Jazz: <mask>y by Scott Yanow

African-American jazz musicians
American jazz bandleaders
American jazz trombonists
Male trombonists
Dixieland trombonists
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
Jazz musicians from California
1886 births
1973 deaths
People from South Los Angeles
People from LaPlace, Louisiana
Louisiana Creole people
Vocalion Records artists
Columbia Records artists
Okeh Records artists
Verve Records artists
20th-century trombonists
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
New Orleans Wanderers members
Louis Armstrong and His Hot Five members
Good Time Jazz Records artists
African-American Catholics
20th-century

masks:
Kid Ory
Kid Ory
Kid Ory
Kid Or
Kid Or
Kid Ory
Kid Or
Kid Or


title: Felix Kubin

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 1969 in Hamburg, is an electronic musician, composer, curator, sound and radio artist. He runs the Record Label Gagarin Records. Life
<mask> began his musical career at the age of eight with piano and electronic organ. From 1992 to 1996 he attended the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften), where he studied drawing, sound installation, video and animation film. In 1995, he received a DAAD grant and spent a year at the Media Art Department of the ArtEZ Hogeschool voor de Kunsten in Enschede, Netherlands. At the age of twelve, in 1981, he started recording his first pieces with synthesizer, organ, voice and drum machine. Two years later he began experimenting with a
4-track tape recorder.In 1983, he started the band "Die Egozentrischen 2" together with Stefan Mohr. He was then soon discovered by the Hamburg label owner and impresario Alfred Hilsberg (ZickZack Records), who invited him to perform at various events, such as "In der Hitze der Nacht", a festival which took place in 1984 at Markthalle Hamburg. Some home recordings from this period have been included, among others, on the compilation "The Tetchy Teenage Tapes of <mask> 1981–1985". During the 1990s, Kubin began to experiment with music made from noises and released several albums with his band "Klangkrieg". From 1992 to 1994 he was a member of the dada-communist singing group "Liedertafel Margot Honecker". In 1998, the same year in which he founded his own record label Gagarin Records, he turned to avant-garde pop. In the following years he expanded his artistic spectrum through lecture performances, the

masks:
Felix Kubin
Felix Knoth
Kubin
Felix Kubin


title: Felix Kubin

texts: development of new radio formats and contemporary compositions for chamber orchestra and electronics.In addition to numerous publications, music releases, workshops and lectures in Germany and abroad, <mask> wrote music for films and theatre productions. He performed at more than 100 international music and media art festivals such as Sónar, Unsound, Transmediale, Wien Modern, Présences électronique and Ars Electronica, but also in museums like MoMA PS1, New Museum of Contemporary Art, La Casa Encendida and Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume. Since 2005, <mask> has been increasingly involved with contemporary experimental music, working together with ensembles, and being invited to compose for various music halls. In 2010, in collaboration with the "ensemble Intégrales", he directed "Echohaus", a live concert for six rooms, headphone ensemble and electronics, which was premiered at the MaerzMusik Festival in Berlin. In 2013 and 2015 he was commissioned the two compositions "Chromdioxidgedächtnis"  and "Takt der Arbeit" by "NDR das neue werk", a renowned radio series of contemporary music. 2016 saw the premiere of Kubin's opus magnus "Falling Still" at the Internationales Musikfest Hamburg. The orchestration of this 70min work includes string ensemble, percussion, a boys choir and live electronics.During the same year he composed music for an orchestra consisting of 20 Korg MS-20 synthesizers. The composition, by the title "A Choir of Wires", was performed by students of the LUCA School of Arts at Vooruit in Gent. In 2019 he founded the sequencer music duo CEL together with the Polish drummer Hubert Zemler. At the same time he began a

masks:
Felix Kubin
Kubin


title: Felix Kubin

texts:
 collaboration with the Hamburg based Ensemble Resonanz that led to the composition of the pieces "Lunar Plexus" and "Telephobie". French film director Marie Losier portrayed <mask> in the award-winning film "Felix in Wonderland", which premiered at the Locarno Film Festival in 2019. Genre

<mask> ́s music is influenced by the early Neue Deutsche Welle (NDW), as well as contemporary classical and film music of the 20th century. A significant connection to Neue Deutsche Welle (in which he couldn't actively participate as he was too young), can also be noticed in his surrealist German lyrics, which are wild, poetic and open to interpretation.Radio
Since 2001 <mask> has been involved with radio, producing many plays and features (Hörspiel), which can be divided into three categories:
 Radio plays which combine documentary footage with studio recordings in a fictional context, and therefore go beyond the classic feature style (Paralektronoia, Wiederhole 1–8, Syndikat für Gegenlärm, Mother in the fridge)
 Dramatic Radio Plays (Orpheus' Psykotron, Orphée Mécanique, Die Machine steht still)
 Sound Art (Nachtspeicher, Territerrortorium, Säugling, Duschkopf, Damenschritte)
<mask>'s radio play Orphée Mécanique has been awarded "Hörspiel des Jahres" in 2012 and "Best Audiobook" 2013/14 (Deutscher Hörbuchpreis). From 2010 to 2011, commissioned by Radio Web MACBA, he produced two podcast series: Parasol Elektroniczny – Rumours from the Eastern Underground, and Deutsche Kassettentäter – the rise of the German home-recording tape scene. The latter was also reflected in a compilation that he curated for the UK label Finders Keepers Records in

masks:
Felix Kubin
Felix Kubin
Felix Kubin
Felix Kubin


title: Felix Kubin

texts:
 2014. Between 2015 and 2017, <mask> has been host and co-creator of the NDR radio show Toxic Tunes, a live recorded programme of experimental music and artist talks presented at Resonanzraum Hamburg. In 2017, he conceived the show "Me & My Rhythm Box" for Savvy Funk as part of the dOCUMENTA 14 exhibition. In 20 episodes, the show featured artists such as Sven-Åke Johansson, Andrea Neumann and Alessandro Bosetti who presented their self-built instruments live on air. Together with <mask> Raeithel, he runs the conceptual DJ project Demo Dandies, a format that exclusively features demo tapes of the audience and listeners.Film and Theatre Music
<mask> worked for theatre in collaboration with other artists such as Christoph Schlingensief („Atta Atta", Volksbühne Berlin, 2003), Mariola Brillowska („House of National Dog“, Kampnagel Hamburg, 2007), Schorsch Kamerun („Hollywood Elegien“, Ruhrtriennale Essen, 2002, „Des Kaisers Neue Kleider“, Schauspiel Köln, 2010) and Robert Florczak („Macbeth“, Shakespeare Festival, Danzig 2010). He composed music for animated films by Mariola Brillowska, Martha Colburn and Anke Feuchtenberger, as well as for the experimental short film “Terminal" by Jörg Wagner. He also wrote "propaganda film" screenplays for the dada-communist art party KED (Kommunistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands) and produced short films that ran at international festivals and on television. Schallplatten)
 Idiotenmusik – 7" (2005; Ultraeczema)
 Territerrortorium (with Wojtek Kucharczyk) – 7" (2005; Gagarin Rec. + Mik.Musik)
 Anaerobic Robots (with Mark Boombastik, Jake Basker) – EP (2005; Gagarin Records)
 Atoma Exi Mono,

masks: Kubin Felix Kubin


title: Felix Kubin

texts:
 compilation – CD (2006; Solnze)
 There is a garden (with Coolhaven) – 7" (2006; A-Musik)
 Suppe für die Nacht (with Coolhaven) – CD (2006; Kormplastics)
 House of National Dog (with Mariola Brillowska) – CD (2007; A-Musik)
 Detached from all objects (with Pia Burnette) – LP/CD (2007; Gagarin Records + Stora)
 The Pataphysical Tape Club (Split-LP with IFCO) – LP/art mag. (2004)
 PLOPP! 2003 – Akustische Schnittblumen, SWF (2004)
 Territerrortorium, ORF/DLR Berlin, by Felix Kubin and Wojtek Kucharczyk (2004)
 Paralektronoia, WDR 1 Live (2004)
 Orpheus’ Psykotron, BR (2006)
 The Pataphysical Tape Club, Audiotoop III Festival für Live-Hörspiele (2006/2007)
 Wiederhole 1–8, WDR 1 Live (2008)
 Säugling, Duschkopf, Damenschritte, Author production (Ersts.Deutschlandradio Kultur) (2010)
 Parasol Elektroniczny – rumours from the eastern underground, MACBA Barcelona (2010–2012)
 Orphée Mécanique, BR (2012), published in 2013 by Intermedium/Belleville
 Mother in the Fridge, Author production (2012)
 Frau Ausweis, Author production (2014)
 Phantomspeisung, BR (2017)
 Die Maschine steht still, NDR (2018)

External links

 Gagarin Records
 Bandcamp
 <mask> discography at Discogs
  Parasol Elektroniczny. Rumours from the Eastern Underground Podcast series on the underground sound production in Eastern Europe, curated by <mask> for Ràdio Web MACBA
  Deutsche Kassettentäter. The rise of the German home-recording tape scene Podcast series on the Neue Deutsche Welle, curated by <mask> for Ràdio Web MACBA

Cassette culture 1970s–1990s

References

German male composers
German keyboardists
German electronic musicians
Musicians from Hamburg
1969

masks:
Felix Kubin
Felix Kubin
Felix Kubin


title: Charles Carroll of Carrollton

texts: <mask> (September 19, 1737 – November 14, 1832), known as <mask> of Carrollton or <mask>, was an Irish-American politician, planter, slaveholder, and signatory of the Declaration of Independence. He was the only Catholic signatory and the last surviving signatory of the Declaration of Independence, dying 56 years after signing the document. Considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, <mask> was known contemporaneously as the "First Citizen" of the American Colonies, a consequence of signing articles in the Maryland Gazette with that pen name. He served as a delegate to the Continental Congress and Confederation Congress. <mask> later served as the first United States Senator for Maryland. Of all of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, <mask> was reputed to have attained the highest formal education and wealthiest of the group. A product of his 17-year Jesuit education in France, <mask> spoke five languages fluently.Born in Annapolis, Maryland, <mask> inherited vast agricultural estates and was regarded as the wealthiest man in the American colonies when the American Revolution commenced in 1775. His personal fortune at this time was reputed to be 2,100,000 pounds sterling, the  (US$375 million). In addition, <mask> presided over his manor in Maryland, a 10,000-acre estate that included approximately 300 enslaved people. Though barred from holding office in Maryland because of his religion, <mask> emerged as a leader of the state's movement for independence. He was a delegate to the Annapolis Convention and was selected as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1776. He was

masks:
Charles Carroll
Charles Carroll
Charles Carroll III
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Carroll