title: John Gillies (anaesthetist)

texts:
 Anaesthesia in the shocked patient. The Lancet, 237, 6129, 226-227.<mask>, J. (1942). Modern anæsthesia. Edinburgh Post-Graduate Lectures in Medicine, 2, 1940–41. <mask>, J. (1943). The Time Factor in Surgical Operations.Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 36, 9, 457–462. <mask>, J. (1949). Anæsthesia for the Surgical Treatment of Hypertension. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 42, 5, 295–298. <mask>, J. (1952).Physiological Trespass in Anæsthesia: President's Address. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine, 45, 1, 1–6. Minnitt, R. J., <mask>, J. (1948). Textbook of Anaesthetics ... With a section on regional analgesia by L.B. Wevill, etc. Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone.References

1895 births
1976 deaths
Medical doctors from Edinburgh
People educated at Broughton High School, Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Scottish anaesthetists
British Army personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Military Cross
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
University of Edinburgh Medical School alumni
20th-century

masks: Gillies Gillies Gillies Gillies Gillies


title: Dmitri Royster

type: original

texts:
Archbishop <mask> (November 2, 1923 – August 28, 2011) was a hierarch of the Orthodox Church in America. He served as archbishop of the church's Diocese of the South from 1978 to 2009 and was the ruling bishop of the Mexican Exarchate from 1972 to 2008. The territory of the diocese covered fourteen states in the United States – Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. In Orthodox Christian circles he is sometimes called the Apostle to the South. Birth
Archbishop <mask> was born as <mask> in Teague, Texas on November 2, 1923 and was raised as a Southern Baptist, being baptized (by single immersion) in the name of the Holy Trinity at age 12. Though his father was non-practicing, his mother was devout. Robert was instilled with a deep reverence for the Holy Scriptures at an early age.It was, for this reason, that he and his older sister became convinced that the spirit of Protestantism and the spirit of the Holy Scriptures were incompatible. Conversion to Orthodoxy
After finding incompatibility between Protestantism and the Holy Scriptures he and his sister began to search for "the original scriptural community and roots of the early church". He later stated:

We began to look around. We visited a number of Churches. We had a big book called the Book of World Religions, or something like that, in which all religions and denominations were described, Rather briefly, but at the same time rather completely. There was a rather complete description of the

masks:
Dmitri
Dmitri
Robert Roscoe Royster


title: Dmitri Royster

texts:
 Eastern Orthodox Church in there. It described the Orthodox Church as being the mother of all Christian Churches.We began to look at the New Testament rather carefully and pick out portions of the New Testament that reflected in some way what the Church was in the Apostolic Age. Really, when you put it together, there is quite a bit of it. It isn't as skimpy or as sketchy a description as it might appear on the surface. After attending Orthros and Divine Liturgy at age 15 he later recalled: We knew from that moment that we would probably not go anywhere else...It was so evident that something really took place...the Holy Spirit transforming the bread and wine. The two formally began their inquiry in 1939, with the personal blessing of Archbishop Athenagoras (at the time Archbishop of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America) with Father Daniel Sakalarios as their teacher. He and his sister were eventually received into Orthodoxy in 1941 at Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church in Dallas, Texas. Priesthood and episcopacy
He entered North Texas State University but left in 1943 to join the Army.While in the Army he served as a Japanese language interpreter on the staff of General Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines and Japan. After leaving the Army he resumed his studies, eventually becoming a Spanish language instructor at Southern Methodist University. He received his Master of Arts in Spanish. In 1954, <mask> was ordained to the priesthood, and served as the rector of St. Seraphim Orthodox Church in Dallas from then until 1969. On June 29, 1969, he was consecrated as


title: Dmitri Royster

texts:
 Bishop of Berkeley, vicar of the Diocese of San Francisco and the West. In 1970, Bishop <mask> was assigned as Bishop of Washington, auxiliary bishop to Metropolitan Irenaeus (Bekish). On October 19, 1971, Bishop <mask> was elected Bishop of Hartford and New England.In 1978, Bishop <mask> became the first ruling bishop of the newly created Diocese of the South. He was elevated to the rank of archbishop in 1993. Being a senior bishop in his church, <mask> was the locum tenens of the Metropolitan's see and temporary head of the OCA from September 4, 2008 until the election of a new primate, Metropolitan Jonah on November 12, 2008. On March 31, 2009 the then 85-year-old archbishop was granted retirement from active pastoral duties by the Holy Synod of the OCA. Death
Archbishop <mask> died in Dallas on August 28, 2011, on the Julian calendar feast of the Dormition, which was his favorite feast day. Although originally interred in Restland Cemetery in Dallas, Texas, he was disinterred on March 4, 2016 in order to transfer his body to his new tomb in the Saint Seraphim Cathedral also in Dallas. However, when they removed his body from his place of burial, his body was found to be untouched by decay (a sign of sainthood in Orthodox Christianity).This fact was attested to by a local specialist who was hired for the exhumation process. Bibliography
 articles
 A Christian Understanding of Freedom
 The Commandment of Love
 Confession
 The Goal of Lent
 Liturgical Commemorations in Preparations for the Nativity
 «The Lord Is My Shepherd»
 The Meeting of Our Lord
 Pentecost

masks: Dmitri Dmitri Dmitri Dmitri Dmitri


title: Yuri Vorobyov

texts:
<mask> (Russian: Юрий Леонидович Воробьёв; born on 2 February 1948), is a Russian statesman, who is currently a member of the Federation Council, representing Vologda Oblast, on legislative authority, since 2007. He is award the title Hero of the Russian Federation. <mask> is an honored Rescuer of the Russian Federation, twice laureate of the Prize of the Government of Russia in the field of science and technology, the acting state adviser of the Russia of the 1st class. He is a retired army officer a colonel. He was also the chairman of the Governing Council of the Russian Geographical Society. In August 1991, he was the Deputy Chairman of the Russian Rescue Corps. From August to December 1991, he worked as Deputy Chairman of the State Committee of the RSFSR for Emergency Situations.From December 1991 to January 1994, he was the First Deputy Chairman of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters. From January 1994 to April 2007 he was the First Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters. Biography

Yury <mask> was born in Krasnoyark on 2 February 1948. He began his career after graduating from the 9th grade of secondary school in 1964 at the Krasnoyarsk plant "Krasmash", worked as an apprentice machine operator, grinder and at the same time studied at an evening school for working youth 1964 to 1966. He graduated from the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals in 1971, with a degree in Foundry of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals, with the qualification as metallurgical engineer. After graduating from the institute, from 1971 to 1972, he worked as a junior researcher at the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals named after V.I. M. I.

masks:
Yury Leonidovich Vorobyov
Vorobyov
Vorobyov


title: Yuri Vorobyov

texts: Kalinina.From 1972 to 1980, he worked in various positions (senior process engineer, design engineer, head of the technological bureau, deputy head of the shop, head of the shop, deputy director) at the Krasnoyarsk trailer plant. From 1980 to 1982, he was the Secretary of the Party Committee of the Krasnoyarsk Automobile Trailer Plant. From 1982 1985, he was promoted to 1st Deputy Director of the Krasnoyarsk Automobile Trailer Plant. From 1985 to 1988, he was the first 1st Secretary of the Sosnovoborsk City Committee of the CPSU. From 1988 to 1990, he was theInspector of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Committee of the CPSU. From 1990 to 1991, he was the general director of the Krasnoyarsk Fund for Support of Small Enterprises for the Development of Social and Economic Reforms and Foreign Economic Relations in the Sphere of Small Business. On 21 April 1991, By Decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR No.229, <mask> was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Russian Rescue Corps. <mask> was one of the organizers of the Russian Rescue Corps and the founders of the EMERCOM of Russia, made a great contribution to the creation and development of the RSChS system, for many years from 1991 until 2007, and was the organizer of their successful functioning. He was the direct leader of a number of operations to eliminate large-scale emergencies, one of the organizers of peacekeeping operations during interethnic conflicts in South Ossetia in 1992, Transnistria in 1992, Abkhazia in 1993, in the Balkans from 1993 1995, and in the African countries under the auspices of the UN, humanitarian operations both in Russia and abroad. From August 1991 to December 1991, he worked as Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Emergency Situations of the RSFSR. Between December 1991 and January 1994, he was the First Deputy Chairman of the State

masks: Vorobyov Vorobyov


title: Yuri Vorobyov

texts:
 Committee of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters. In 1992, he graduated from the Russian Academy of Management in Moscow with a degree in Theory of Social and Political Relations, with the qualification of political scientist. He was an adviser and an expert on social and political issues and relations with social and political associations.He had headed the task force of the State Committee for Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic since June 1992. Between January 1994 and April 2007, <mask> was the First Deputy Minister of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, serving under Sergey Shoygu. He was the Member of the Government Commission for Road Safety in 1994, and 1997 until 2003. From 20 February 1995 to 14 January 2003, he was the Deputy Chairman of the IAC for Prevention and Elimination of the Consequences of Emergency Situations. From 1996 to 1997, Member of the IAC for the participation of the Russian Federation in international organizations of the UN system,

On 6 February 1996, he was the Member of the International Committee of the Security Council of Russia for Public Security, Combating Crime and Corruption. In 1996, by the decision of the dissertation council of the Russian Academy of State Service under the President of the Russian Federation dated 27 December 1996, No. 8, he was awarded the degree of candidate of political sciences.On 14 April 1997, he became of the Member of the IAC for the Protection of State Secrets. In 1997, he was the Chairman of the Interdepartmental Maritime Coordination Commission for the Prevention and Elimination of the Consequences of Emergencies at Sea and in the Water


title: Yuri Vorobyov

texts:
 Basins of Russia. On 25 October 1997, he was the Member of the International Committee of the Russia for the Council of Europe Affairs. On 10 December 2002, he was theDeputy Chairman of the Federal Anti-Terrorist Commission. From 2003 to 2006, he was the Deputy Chairman of the Government Commission for the Prevention and Elimination of Emergencies and Fire Safety

13 September 2004, he was the Member of the Commission for the Coordination of the Activities of Federal Executive Bodies in the Southern Federal District. From 2006 to 2008, he was the Chairman of the Supreme Council of the All-Russian public organization "Russian Union of Rescuers". He substantiated the need to implement state support for the market segment in the field of security services, as a component of a unified policy in the field of life safety.On 4 May 2007, <mask> became a member of the Federation Council, representative from the legislative (representative) body of state power of the Vologda Oblast. He became  aDeputy Chairman of the Federation Council since 19 September 2008. From September 2008 to December 2011, he was in charge of anti-corruption issues at the legislative level, was responsible for developing the policy of the Federation Council in the field of anti-corruption activities. By the decision of the Presidium of the Council of Legislators dated 13 March 2009, he was approved by the Chairman of the Commission of the Council for Interaction of the Federation Council with the legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the constituent entities o Russia, through the Council of Legislators, to improve the legal regulation of combating corruption. He was a member of the Federation Council Committee on Northern Affairs and Indigenous Peoples, as well as the Federation Council Commission on National Maritime Policy, and the


title: Yuri Vorobyov

texts: Federation Council and the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergencies and Elimination of the Consequences of Natural Disasters. He had headed the delegation of the Federation Council to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. He interacts with the Russian organizing committee "Victory". He supervises the preparation and holding of the forum of the regions of Russia and Belarus. He also participates in the work of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Union of Belarus and Russia.He also participates in the work of the Interparliamentary Commission of the F[ederation Council and the Council of the Republic of the National Assembly] of Belarus on interregional cooperation. He had been the chairman of the Russian part of the Interparliamentary Commission on Cooperation between the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the National Assembly of Armenia. He also organizes work on the implementation of the Memorandum of Interparliamentary Cooperation between the Federation Council and the Council of Cantons of the Federal Assembly of the Switzerland. As the chairman of the Expert Council of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, <mask> designed to provide expert support to the management in the field of civil defense, protection of the population and territories from emergencies, ensuring fire safety, safety of people at water bodies in cases of extreme difficulty in preparing and making decisions on the conduct of work to prevent emergencies, and uniting more than 40 leading scientists of the country in the field of security. In January 2012, he was reelected as the Chairman of the Supreme Council of ROSSOYUZSPAS. From 2017 to 2019, he was the Honorary President of ROSSOYUZSPAS. Since August 2014, he became the Chairman of the Committee for Public


title: Yuri Vorobyov

texts:
 Support of Residents of the southeastern Ukraine under the Federation Council.The work of the committee is aimed at coordinating the activities of the constituent entities of Russia, public organizations and citizens to provide humanitarian assistance to residents of southeastern Ukraine, assistance to refugees and internally displaced persons who arrive on the territory of our country. Since November 2014, he was the Chairman of the Governing Council of the All-Russian Public Organization Russian Geographical Society. Since December 2014, he was the Honorary Chairman of the Expert Council of the EMERCOM of Russia. He subsequently became the Honorary Chairman of the Vologda branch of the Russian Geographical Society. He was the ember of the Board of Trustees of the All-Russian public-state organization "Voluntary Society for Assistance to the Army, Aviation and Navy of Russia" (DOSAAF of Russia). He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of the All-Russian Children and Youth Military Patriotic Movement "YUNARMIA". He was also the editor of the journal "Problems of Risk Analysis".Honors

The mentor of the children's educational center is the cadet school "Ship of Prionezhia" named after him, as <mask> was awarded the title Hero of the Russian Federtion. Family

He is married to Lyudmila <mask>, and has two sons, Andrey and Maskim, and grandchildren. Andrey is the eldest son, who had been the  Deputy Chairman of the State Duma, the head of the United Russia faction in the State Duma of the sixth convocation (2011-2012), head of the Central Executive Committee of the United Russia party (2005—2012), and currently serving as the Governor of Moscow Oblast since 2013. Maksim is a younger son, (born 9 August 1976), who is a businessman. He is currently the chairman of the board of directors of the Russian Sea Group of

masks: Vorobyov Vorobyova


title: Frank Varrichione

texts:
<mask> (pronounced "Vair-akee-oh'-nee;" January 14, 1932 – January 6, 2018) was an American athlete. Varrichione was best remembered for being part of the 1953 University of Notre Dame football team that shared the collegiate national championship with a 9-0-1 record and for having played eleven seasons in the National Football League (NFL). During his collegiate career <mask> was named a Third Team All-American in 1954, recognized as one of the top 33 players in the college game. He would be the first lineman selected in the 1955 NFL draft, the league's sixth pick overall. <mask>'s stint in the NFL would include six seasons playing for the Pittsburgh Steelers before a trade ahead of the 1961 season sent him to the Los Angeles Rams, for whom he would play for five more years. During his career Varrichione would make five NFL Pro Bowl appearances between 1955 and 1964, indicative of his status as atop echelon offensive lineman. Biography

Early years
<mask> was born January 14, 1932 at  Natick, Massachusetts.His parents, Joseph and <mask>, were born in Italy and emigrated to the United States in 1913 — first arriving in Boston before moving slightly more than 20 miles inland to the town of Natick. He was the youngest of ten children in a Roman Catholic family. Large and strong from his early boyhood years, Varrichione took up football as a 9th grade student at Natick High School. He graduated early and then was enrolled in a Catholic prep school, St. Thomas Aquinas in Rochester, New York, where he attracted the attention of recruiters for the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. Collegiate career
Following graduation at St. Thomas Aquinas, Varrichione was enrolled on scholarship to Notre Dame. He was a 210-pound Freshman on the 1951 team, slated for immediate use on a depleted offensive line for what was expected to be

masks:
Frank Joseph Varrichione
Varrichione
Varrichione
Frank Varrichione
Mary Varrichione


title: Frank Varrichione

texts:
 one of the youngest varsity teams in school history. Varrichione was made a starter as a Freshman, the only such on the offensive side of the ball for the 1951 Fighting Irish Team.Varrichione's initial campaign was marred by injury, however, when the young right guard went down in an October 27, 1951 game against the University of Pittsburgh. The injury was not season-ending, however, and by the November 8 game against the University of Oklahoma, Varrichione's number 60 jersey was again seen on the field. During his Junior year Varrichione showed improvement on the defensive side of the ball, tutored by Notre Dame head coach <mask>. Varrichione thrived in his defensive role, scoring two points on a safety in an October 1953 game against the Pitt Panthers. The play helped Varrichione earn national Lineman of the Week honors from the Associated Press. He would also earn a place in Notre Dame lore as an offensive tackle in helping Notre Dame escape with a tie against the University of Iowa by spontaneously suffering a phantom injury which stopped the clock with no timeouts remaining and time winding down at the end of the first half, helping to enable a critical touchdown. His dramatic flop at a critical moment would help Varrichione earn the moniker "Faintin' <mask>."He would also be the recipient of a deluge of flowers and get-well-soon cards from sarcastic Hawkeye football fans, perturbed by the outcome of Varricihone's timely ailment. The tie against Iowa would prove to be the only blemish on a 9-0-1 record, and the 1953 Fighting Irish football team would go on to claim a share of the 1953 College Football Championship. Varrichione's ability was recognized during his senior season when he was named a Third Team NFA All American for 1954. Pittsburgh Steelers
As a four-year starter for the high-profile Notre Dame Fighting Irish,

masks:
Frank Leahy
Frank


title: Frank Varrichione

texts: <mask> was a highly sought-after player in the 1955 NFL Draft. He was selected in the 1st Round by the Pittsburgh Steelers, the league's 6th pick overall, and the first offensive lineman chosen. Informed of his selection by a Pittsburgh newspaper writer via telephone, Varrichione predicted no difficulty in coming to financial terms with the Steelers and indicated a desire to play professional football for "as long as I can last." Varrichione's prediction proved accurate and by the first days of February he was under contract with the Steelers to play the 1955 season.Varrichione's first pro deal paid him $8,000 for the year — a substantial sum for an offensive lineman in that day. Varrichione was well suited to the professional game and he was named to the 1955 Pro-Bowl Game, held in January following his rookie season. He saw action as part of the East team that eked out a controversial 31-30 victory over their other conference rivals. His eagerness to sign a first NFL contract had dissipated by 1957, and Varrichione remained unsigned as the Steelers assembled at St. Bonaventure University in Olean, New York for the opening of training camp. No raise was forthcoming, however, and following a telephone conversation with team president Art Rooney, <mask> signed on August 6 to play with the Steelers for another year, thereby completing the team's 45-man roster. Three days of practice were missed. Despite revelations that he battled partial deafness which forced him to wear a special helmet outfitted with a hearing aid,<ref>UPI, "Hearing Helmut," Mason City [IA] Globe-Gazette," October 21, 1957, pg.11.</ref> the season proved to be another good one for the 240-pound tackle and Varrichione was named to his second Pro Bowl at the end of the year. <mask> would repeat the feat in 1960 as one of five Pittsburgh Steelers named to the East

masks: Varrichione Varrichione Varrichione


title: Frank Varrichione

texts:
 squad. He was rewarded following the season with a new contract with the Steelers, this a three-year deal for an undisclosed amount — the longest contract of his career. The six-year veteran Pro Bowler seemed poised to finish his career in Steeler black and gold. Los Angeles Rams
In April 1961, <mask>'s world was turned upside down when the Pittsburgh Steelers with which he had just signed a three-year deal traded his contract to the Los Angeles Rams for that of defensive tackle Lou Michaels, a 1958 first round pick who was just starting to come into his own as an NFL defensive star. The Steelers had hated to part company with a top offensive lineman like Varrichione, head coach Buddy Parker told the press at the time of the transaction, but the deal had to be done to provide vitally needed defensive strength. The exchange was an even one, with no other considerations changing hands.It would be the Rams with whom Varrichione played the rest of his career. Due to family considerations, Varrichione threatened retirement following the 1961 season. "My wife is expecting her fourth child, and this traveling around is awfully tough," he told the press. "She doesn't want me to play anymore." Despite initially telling Rams general manager Elroy "Crazylegs" Hirsch that he planned to quit, <mask> eventually relented and by the start of training camp for the 1962 campaign, he was ready to don the blue and gold of the Rams again. Together with his Rams teammate Joe Carollo, a fellow Notre Dame alum, Varrichione played every single offensive play of the 1963 NFL season — 14 games in all. By his 11th and final season the right tackle Varrichione was honored by his peers through his choice as offensive captain of the team.Varrichione played in a total of 133 NFL games over the course of his 11-year career. He was never made wealthy by the NFL,

masks: Varrichione Varrichione


title: Frank Varrichione

texts:
 his top contract with the Rams bringing him just $20,000 per year. Varrichione was named to five NFL Pro Bowl teams, making the squad in 1955, 1957, 1958, 1960 and 1962. Life after football
Varrichione was prepared in measure for life after football by the fact that he had never really made enough playing the game to live even in his prime. During his Steeler playing days he ran a drive-in restaurant in Natick, while he took to selling real estate during the off season in his Ram playing days. Varrichone retired from football in 1965 and moved to Michigan, where he worked in sales for a trucking firm. After three years there, Varrichione returned to Natick to take over the family's paint contracting business there.He retired briefly in 1986 but came back two years later to run a coffee shop with his wife, finally retiring for good in 1992. In 1995 Varrichione was named to the Boston section of the Italian-American Sports Hall of Fame. Varrichione died on January 6, 2018, at the age of 85. See also

 1954 College Football All-America Team
 1955 Pittsburgh Steelers season
 1956 Pittsburgh Steelers season
 1957 Pittsburgh Steelers season
 1958 Pittsburgh Steelers season
 1959 Pittsburgh Steelers season
 1960 Pittsburgh Steelers season
 1961 Los Angeles Rams season
 1962 Los Angeles Rams season
 1963 Los Angeles Rams season
 1964 Los Angeles Rams season
 1965 Los Angeles Rams season

Footnotes

Further reading
 Jim Sargent, "<mask>," The Coffin Corner,'' vol. 21, no. 5 (1999)

1932 births
2018 deaths
American people of Italian descent
American football offensive linemen
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Los Angeles Rams players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
People from Natick, Massachusetts
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
University of Notre Dame alumni
Western Conference Pro


title: George M. Dallas

texts:
<mask> (July 10, 1792December 31, 1864) was an American politician and diplomat who served as mayor of Philadelphia from 1828 to 1829, the 11th vice president of the United States from 1845 to 1849, and the United States Minister to the United Kingdom from 1856 to 1861. The son of Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J<mask>, <mask> attended elite preparatory schools before embarking on a legal career. He served as the private secretary to Albert Gallatin and worked for the Treasury Department and the Second Bank of the United States. He emerged as a leader of the "Family party" faction of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, and <mask> developed a rivalry with James Buchanan, the leader of the "Amalgamator" faction. Between 1828 and 1835, he served as the mayor of Philadelphia, the United States Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, and the Pennsylvania Attorney General. He also represented Pennsylvania in the United States Senate from 1831 to 1833 but declined to seek re-election. President <mask> appointed <mask> to the post of Minister to Russia, and <mask> held that position from 1837 to 1839.In 1840, he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. <mask> supported Van Buren's bid for another term in the 1844 presidential election, but James K. Polk won the party's presidential nomination. The 1844 Democratic National Convention nominated <mask> as Polk's running mate, and Polk and <mask> defeated the Whig ticket in the general election. A supporter of expansion and popular sovereignty, <mask> called for the annexation of all of Mexico during the Mexican–American War. He sought to position himself for contention in the 1848 presidential election, but his vote to lower the tariff destroyed his base of support in his home state. <mask> served as the Minister to the United Kingdom from 1856 to 1861 before retiring from public office. Family and early life
<mask> was born on July 10, 1792, to Alexander James <mask> and Arabella <mask> <mask> (born in Devon, England) in Philadelphia.His father, born in Kingston, Jamaica to Dr. <mask> and educated in Edinburgh, was the Secretary of

masks:
George Mifflin Dallas
. Dallas
George Dallas
Dallas
Martin Van Buren
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
George Dallas
Dallas
Maria Smith
Dallas
Robert Dallas


title: George M. Dallas

texts:
 the Treasury under United States President <mask>, and was also briefly the Secretary of War. Dr <mask> left Jamaica in 1764, having mortgaged his estate, Dallas Castle, and put it in a trust. This property included 900 acres and 91 slaves. <mask> was given his middle name after <mask>, another politician who was good friends with his father. <mask> was the second of six children, another of whom, Alexander, would become the commander of Pensacola Navy Yard. During <mask>'s childhood, the family lived in a mansion on Fourth Street, with a second home in the countryside, situated on the Schuylkill River. He was educated privately at Quaker-run preparatory schools, before studying at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), from which he graduated with highest honors in 1810.While at College, he participated in several activities, including the American Whig–Cliosophic Society. Afterwards, he studied law in his father's office, and he was admitted to the bar in 1813. Early legal, diplomatic and financial service

As a new graduate, <mask> had little enthusiasm for legal practice; he wanted to fight in the War of 1812, a plan that he dropped due to his father's objection. Just after this, <mask> accepted an offer to be the private secretary of Albert Gallatin, and he went to Russia with Gallatin who was sent there to try to secure its aid in peace negotiations between Great Britain and the United States. <mask> enjoyed the opportunities offered to him by being in Russia, but after six months there he was ordered to go to London to determine whether the War of 1812 could be resolved diplomatically. In August 1814, he arrived in Washington, D.C., and delivered a preliminary draft of Britain's peace terms. There, he was appointed by <mask> to become the remitter of the treasury, which is considered a "convenient arrangement" because <mask>'s father was serving at the time as that department's secretary.Since the job did not entail a large workload, <mask> found time to develop his grasp of politics, his major vocational interest. He later became the counsel to the Second Bank of the United

masks:
James Madison
Dallas
George Dallas
Thomas Mifflin
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
James Madison
Dallas
Dallas


title: George M. Dallas

texts:
 States. In 1817, <mask>'s father died, ending <mask>'s plan for a family law practice, and he stopped working for the Second Bank of the United States and became the deputy attorney general of Philadelphia, a position he held until 1820. Political career
After the War of 1812 ended, Pennsylvania's political climate was chaotic, with two factions in that state's Democratic party vying for control. One, the Philadelphia-based "Family party," was led by <mask>, and it espoused the beliefs that the Constitution of the United States was supreme, that an energetic national government should exist that would implement protective tariffs, a powerful central banking system, and undertake internal improvements to the country in order to facilitate national commerce. The other faction was called the "Amalgamators", headed by the future President James Buchanan. Voters elected Dallas mayor of Philadelphia as the candidate of the Family party, after the party had gained control of the city councils.However, he quickly grew bored of that post, and became the United States attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania in 1829, a position his father had held from 1801 to 1814, and continued in that role until 1831. In December of that year, he won a five-man, eleven-ballot contest in the state legislature, that enabled him to become the Senator from Pennsylvania in order to complete the unexpired term of the previous senator who had resigned. <mask> served less than fifteen months—from December 13, 1831, to March 3, 1833. He was chairman of the Committee on Naval Affairs. <mask> declined to seek re-election, in part due to a fight over the Second Bank of the United States, and in part because his wife did not want to leave Philadelphia for Washington. <mask> resumed the practice of law, was attorney general of Pennsylvania from 1833 to 1835, was initiated to the Scottish Rite Freemasonry at the Franklin Lodge #134, Pennsylvania, and served as the Grand Master of Freemasons in Pennsylvania in 1835. He was appointed by President <mask> Buren as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia from

masks:
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Dallas
Martin Van


title: George M. Dallas

texts: 1837 to 1839, when he was recalled at his own request.<mask> was offered the role of Attorney General, but declined, and resumed his legal practice. In the lead-up to the 1844 presidential election, <mask> worked to help Van Buren win the Democratic nomination over <mask>'s fellow Pennsylvanian, James Buchanan. At the May 1844 Democratic National Convention in Baltimore, James K. Polk and Silas Wright were nominated as the Democratic ticket. However, Wright declined the nomination, and the delegates chose <mask> as his replacement. <mask>, who was not at the convention, was awakened at his home by convention delegates who had traveled to Philadelphia to tell him the news. <mask> somewhat reluctantly accepted the nomination. The Democratic candidates won the popular vote by a margin of 1.5%, and won the election with an electoral vote of 170 out of 275.<mask> was influential as the presiding officer of the Senate, where he worked to support Polk's agenda and cast several tie-breaking votes. <mask> called for the annexation of all of the Oregon Territory and all of Mexico during the Mexican–American War, but was satisfied with compromises that saw the United States annex parts of both areas. Though <mask> was unsuccessful in preventing Polk from appointing Buchanan as Secretary of State, he helped convince Polk to appoint Robert J. Walker as Secretary of the Treasury. As Vice President, <mask> sought to maneuver himself into contention for the presidency in the 1848 election, as Polk had promised to serve only one term. However, <mask>'s reluctant vote to lower a tariff destroyed much of his base in Pennsylvania, and <mask>'s advocacy of popular sovereignty on the question of slavery strengthened opposition against him. <mask> served as Vice President from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. In 1856, Franklin Pierce appointed Dallas minister to Great Britain, and he served in that post from February 4, 1856, until the appointment by President Lincoln of Charles F. Adams, who relieved him on May 16, 1861.At the very beginning of his diplomatic service in England he was called to act upon the Central

masks: Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas


title: George M. Dallas

texts:
 American question and the request made by the United States to the British government that Sir John Crampton, the British minister to the United States, should be recalled. <mask> managed these delicate questions in a conciliatory spirit, but without any sacrifice of national dignity, and both were settled amicably. At the close of his diplomatic career <mask> returned to private life and took no further part in public affairs except to express condemnation of secession. Tariffs
<mask> determined that he would use his vice-presidential position to advance two of the administration's major objectives: tariff reduction and territorial expansion. As a Pennsylvanian, <mask> had traditionally supported the protectionist tariff policy that his state's coal and iron interests demanded. But as vice president, elected on a platform dedicated to tariff reduction, he agreed to do anything necessary to realize that goal. <mask> equated the vice president's constitutional power to break tied votes in the Senate with the president's constitutional power to veto acts of Congress.At the end of his vice-presidential term, <mask> claimed that he cast thirty tie-breaking votes during his four years in office (although only nineteen of these have been identified in Senate records). Taking obvious personal satisfaction in this record, <mask> singled out this achievement and the fairness with which he believed he accomplished it in his farewell address to the Senate. Not interested in political suicide, however, Dallas sought to avoid having to exercise his singular constitutional prerogative on the tariff issue, actively lobbying senators during the debate over Treasury Secretary Walker's tariff bill in the summer of 1846. He complained to his wife (whom he sometimes addressed as "Mrs. Vice") that the Senate speeches on the subject were "as vapid as inexhaustible ... All sorts of ridiculous efforts are making, by letters, newspaper-paragraphs, and personal visits, to affect the Vice's casting vote, by persuasion or threat." Despite Dallas's efforts to avoid taking a stand, the Senate completed its voting on the Walker

masks: Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas Dallas


title: George M. Dallas

texts:
 Tariff with a 27-to-27 tie. (A twenty-eighth vote in favor was held in reserve by a Senator who opposed the measure but agreed to follow the instructions of his state legislature to support it.) When he cast the tie-breaking vote in favor of the tariff on July 28, 1846, Dallas rationalized that he had studied the distribution of Senate support and concluded that backing for the measure came from all regions of the country.Additionally, the measure had overwhelmingly passed the House of Representatives, a body closer to public sentiment. He apprehensively explained to the citizens of Pennsylvania that "an officer, elected by the suffrages of all twenty-eight states, and bound by his oath and every constitutional obligation, faithfully and fairly to represent, in the execution of his high trust, all the citizens of the Union" could not "narrow his great sphere and act with reference only to [Pennsylvania's] interests." While his action, based on a mixture of party loyalty and political opportunism, earned <mask> the respect of the President and certain party leaders—and possible votes in 1848 from the southern and western states that supported low tariffs—it effectively demolished his home state political base, ending any serious prospects for future elective office. (He even advised his wife in a message hand-delivered by the Senate Sergeant at Arms, "If there be the slightest indication of a disposition to riot in the city of Philadelphia, owing to the passage of the Tariff Bill, pack up and bring the whole brood to Washington.") While Dallas's tariff vote destroyed him in Pennsylvania, his aggressive views on Oregon and the Mexican War crippled his campaign efforts elsewhere in the nation. In his last hope of building the necessary national support to gain the White House, the Vice President shifted his attention to the aggressive, expansionist foreign policy program embodied in the concept of "Manifest Destiny." He actively supported efforts to gain control of Texas, the Southwest, Cuba, and disputed portions of the Oregon territory.Death
<mask> returned to Philadelphia, and lived in

masks: Dallas Dallas


title: George M. Dallas

texts:
 Philadelphia until his death from a heart attack on December 31, 1864, at the age of 72. He is interred in St. Peter's Churchyard. Legacy
Dallas County, Iowa and one of its cities, Dallas Center, Iowa, were named after the Vice President. In addition, Dallas County, Arkansas, Dallas County, Missouri, and Dallas County, Texas were named in his honor. Other U.S. cities and towns named in Dallas's honor include Dallas, Georgia (the county seat of Paulding County, Georgia), Dallas, North Carolina (the former county seat of Gaston County, North Carolina), Dallas, Oregon (the county seat of Polk County, Oregon) and Dallastown, Pennsylvania It is debated whether the city of Dallas, Texas is named after the Vice President—see History of Dallas, Texas (1839–1855) for more information. References

Bibliography

 "<mask> <mask>." Dictionary of American Biography Base Set.American Council of Learned Societies, 1928–1936. Hatfield, <mask>. <mask> <mask>. Vice-Presidents of the United States, 1789–1983. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1979. External links

 A Series of Letters Written from London by <mask>. <mask>
 Manuscript Diaries of <mask><mask> at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries

1792 births
1864 deaths
19th-century vice presidents of the United States
19th-century American diplomats
19th-century American Episcopalians
1844 United States vice-presidential candidates
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Ambassadors of the United States to Russia
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom
American people of English descent
Burials at St. Peter's churchyard, Philadelphia
Democratic Party (United States) vice presidential nominees
Democratic Party vice presidents of the United States
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators
Mayors of Philadelphia
Pennsylvania Democratic-Republicans
Pennsylvania Democrats
Pennsylvania lawyers
Polk administration cabinet members
Princeton University alumni
United States Attorneys for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
United States senators from Pennsylvania
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
Vice

masks:
George Mifflin
Dallas
Mark O
George Mifflin
Dallas
George M
Dallas
George M
. Dallas


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
<mask> (born 19 October 1976) is a French-American musician, record producer, and environmental activist, best known as the rhythm guitarist, vocalist, and lyricist of heavy metal band Gojira. <mask> was born in Paris and grew up in Ondres. He was raised in an environment where music and arts held a prominent place. He learned to play the guitar at the age of fourteen and formed his first band in high school. He studied art and began working as a graphic designer before co-founding the death metal band Godzilla with his younger brother Mario in 1996. He was a member of the band Empalot along with his brother. Godzilla changed its name to Gojira, which rose from obscurity to international prominence.He is also the former bassist of Cavalera Conspiracy, to which he was invited by Gloria and Max Cavalera. Duplantier possesses United States nationality by parentage, which led him to settle in New York City in 2011. He is also a recording studio owner in Ridgewood, Queens, called Silver Cord Studio. Throughout his career, he affirmed his concern for nature and animals. He is engaged in thinking about ecological problems and environmental protection, reflected in his lyrics. He also expressed his support for indigenous peoples in Brazil through fundraising efforts. Early life
<mask> was born on 19 October 1976 in Paris.His mother, Patricia (née Rosa; 6 October 1950 – 5 July 2015), was American. She was born in Madison, Wisconsin, and grew up in Los Angeles. His father, <mask>, born in 1945 in Bordeaux, is a French painter and architectural drafter, a former student in history at the Faculté des Lettres, and engraving at the Beaux-Arts de Paris. Due

masks:
Joseph Andrew Duplantier
Duplantier
Duplantier
Dominique Duplantier


title: Joe Duplantier

texts: to this, <mask> (and his brother) has dual nationality of France and the United States. He is franco-américain (French-American) based primarily on the principle of Jus sanguinis (right of blood), applied through attribution à la naissance (attribution at birth), because born outside the US but obtained its nationality as he fulfilled the condition stipulating that "at least one of his parents is American". In 1977, the family left Paris and moved to Ondres, a small seaside town in the Landes department, in an old house with no heating system dating from the Louis XV period. He was raised there, in southwest France, near the Basque country, at  north of Biarritz.His sister, Gabrielle, was born in 1978 in Bayonne, and his brother, Mario, was born in 1981. His mother, manifesting a marked interest in art  activities, was a yoga and dance teacher in the periphery of Bayonne. The work of precision and patience of his father, who got up every day at 4:30 am to work, had a significant influence on him. His mother described him as "always active, very creative. Sensitive, gentle", with "some secret force within him, some unusual maturity". As a child, the awakening of his ecological conscience had begun after walking on oil traces on the beach. When Duplantier was thirteen, he discovered New York City for the first time, accompanied by his cousin during a visit to his family in Pennsylvania, near Harrisburg.Greeted at the airport by his maternal uncle, it was then that he realized how attracted he was to the city. He grew up in an environment where his parents listened to blues, fado, pop, Mozart, Chopin, Piaf, L. Shankar; the Beatles, Michael


title: Joe Duplantier

texts: Jackson, Tina Turner; Billie Holiday, Duke Ellington, Pink Floyd, the Police, Supertramp, and Joan Baez. His sister listened to world music, country music, and African percussion. According to <mask>'s recollection, he began by taking piano lessons but soon realized that he preferred the guitar. He began playing his mother's classical guitar, which only had two strings. He listened to hip hop music during a period of time while his cousin was passionate about Iron Maiden and Metallica. He experienced bullying at school.Subsequently, a second incident marked him when his brother contracted ear infections after swimming in polluted water. With his brother, he was dismayed by the household and industrial wastes and dead animals stranded in the protected area of the dunes of Ondres. Through the influence of his cousin, he began learning to play Metallica's "Fade to Black" on the guitar when he developed his understanding on this matter. At the age of fourteen, <mask> began listening to Metallica's Ride the Lightning to find out more about this musical genre which aroused his curiosity. He continued his interests in metal music with Master of Puppets, then Sepultura, and seeking to define his own musical identity he pursued death metal through the band Death. In high school, at seventeen years of age, he formed his first band, called Eclipse, and embarked on jam sessions with his brother, who had a growing interest and aptitude for drumming. <mask> went to university for two years and spent between three and four years in art school, after which he began working as a graphic designer for a short time.Dead Man Walking by Tim Robbins has been his

masks: Duplantier Duplantier Duplantier


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 favorite movie growing up. When he was a young man, he distinguished himself by picking up trash on a beach and scattering it on a French parking lot, attracting the attention of the local media. <mask> said: "I found it so weird; people aren't bothered by what's on the beach, but when it's on a parking lot, it becomes a problem". Career

Gojira

<mask> and his brother began their band and established themselves on the southwest France live circuit. Initially called Godzilla in 1996, the band was later renamed Gojira. He recalled building cabins in the forest as a child. Then, at the age of twenty-four, he decided to return to the forest and built a new one where he would live with his girlfriend for two years without income or electricity.Gojira's 2001 debut studio album, Terra Incognita, was written during this experience. When launching the band, singing in French was irrelevant for Duplantier; he chose instead to sing in English in efforts to globally project the band's aspirations. Thus, he said he did not sing about the problems of France but international issues and the damage inflicted on the planet. He commented, "We consider ourselves above all as human, not French." According to Duplantier, the band's primary goal was to maintain complete autonomy and "total control over the band's music". He has been responsible for the artworks for Gojira's albums, each representing an idea that he spontaneously designed, highlighting visual minimalism and conciseness while trying to stand out from the codes of the metal scene. Touring in support of their second album, The Link, Duplantier used to let his imagination run free when performing the

masks: Duplantier Duplantier


title: Joe Duplantier

texts: songs' extended outro, developing a propensity to experience a "vision" while in a "trance"; saying,  One of his first achievements was when the band reached headliner status in France and performed at the Paris' Élysée Montmartre, promoting From Mars to Sirius and then initiating their first tours overseas, notably in America.In 2008, Randy Blythe flew from the US to France to record his vocals on  and was hosted at <mask>'s home in the southwest for a week. In 2012, he also occasionally played drums in live performances when he and his brother switched places. A week before the release of Gojira's Magma, he expressed his disillusionment when he said that the metal genre did not receive the attention of the main French-language media. He described the genre as a niche that has been perceived as culturally unimportant in the country, compared to Scandinavia and Germany. Benoit Guerin, department director of Ouest-France, echoed his view and wrote, "In France, [modern] chanson is the queen", noting that it took Gojira a significant impact on the metal music scene and decades-long experience "to benefit from media spotlights worthy of their rank in their own country". Throughout 2016 and 2017, the French press would publish after scrutiny that Gojira ended up being one of the largest exporters of music from France, leading the country's metal category. In 2017, Gojira performed two consecutive sold-out concerts at the Paris' Olympia, at a time when the band was at its peak of popularity.In 2021, Fortitude increased Gojira's media exposure in France and earned them global chart success through the album revolving around <mask>'s committed and


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 positive lyrics. His band's earlier success has been overshadowed when the band has been scheduled for its first headlining arena tour in France for February 2022, including the 20,300-capacity venue Accor Arena in Paris. <mask> portrayed the band's lifestyle as "marginal", comprising musicians more creative than "self-destructive", and more interested in art than partying. He later said they were "lucky" to meet because communication was the indicator of their personality matching and noted that none of them have drug addiction problems; thus, the line-up, including Jean-Michel Labadie and Christian Andreu, has never changed. Empalot

He was also in a festive and theatrical band playing a fusion of musical genres called Empalot, involving his brother and friends, which toured in France from 1999 to 2004. For him, the project was synonymous with fits of laughter and happiness. Cavalera Conspiracy

Max Cavalera and Igor Cavalera initially asked Labadie, bassist of Gojira, to do bass duties for their band, Cavalera Conspiracy; however, Labadie was busy with prior commitments, including Gojira.Instead, <mask> ended up being the band's bassist through the influence of Max Cavalera's wife, Gloria. Playing Sepultura's "Territory" with the Cavalera brothers during the first jam session in the presence of all the families left him indelible memories. Moreover, while working with the band on their debut album, he experienced a diametrically different studio process, as the songs composed in the morning were recorded "spontaneously" in the afternoon. The studio session lasted fifteen to twenty days. <mask> stated that Gojira and the recording of The Way


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 of All Flesh had been his main priority, which led him not to do extensive touring with Cavalera Conspiracy. In 2008, he was replaced by Johny Chow on bass duties for Cavalera Conspiracy. Max Cavalera regretted that <mask> did not appear on the band's second album, Blunt Force Trauma.Cavalera said, "He is a great musician, with a lot of good ideas." Silver Cord Studio
Duplantier is the owner of Silver Cord Studio, a recording studio located in Ridgewood, Queens, New York, which he designed himself. After the experience of Gojira's recording studio in the Landes, called Le Studio des Milans, Duplantier sought to continue producing albums independently and planned to create new premises for the band in the US. A friend brought his attention to the  Rockwall Studios complex, which contains 100 spaces for artists. Following the project initiation, he teamed up with a friend and sound engineer from Atlanta. With the DIY ethic, he built the studio with the help of friends and people he hired. Duplantier managed the construction project and was involved daily over a period of six months.The studio's construction began in November 2014 and was completed at the pivotal moment of the recording start of Gojira's Magma. Becoming the band's headquarter in the US, <mask>'s Silver Cord Studio was inaugurated in April 2015. The studio's name refers to Gojira's instrumental acoustic song, "The Silver Cord", from The Way of All Flesh; he said that like the song, it "now means something else, something very different". On 6 June 2015, it became available for other bands, artists, and producers. In 2016, by acknowledging that he appreciated creating musical


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 arrangements while being responsible for the overall production of recorded music, <mask> saw himself more as a producer than a musician. That year, Gojira has been considered a "bi-national band". Following a vocal collaboration with Car Bomb on "Third Revelation" in 2012, <mask> decided to undertake his production activitiesapart from Gojira, in 2016 for their album, Meta.He mainly produces American bands at Silver Cord Studio. In September 2018, Nick John, the Gojira, Mastodon, and Slayer manager, died from cancer. Mastodon performed a rendition of Led Zeppelin's Stairway to Heaven at his funeral while Duplantier recorded it on his cell phone. Afterward, Duplantier readjusted the audio taken from his phone and recorded it in his studio with Mastodon for an enhanced version. It was released for Record Store Day on a 10-inch album limited to 1,500 copies with the studio version of the song on the A-side and the live version on the B-side, whose sale proceeds were donated to the Hirshberg Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer Research. Artistry

Influences
Duplantier's early influences include bands such as Death, Metallica, Morbid Angel, Sepultura, Cannibal Corpse, and Slayer. He said that the ambition of Gojira in their early days was to be "violent and dissonant and weird".Duplantier cites Mike Oldfield and his 1983 album Crises as a significant musical inspiration. As he grew older, Duplantier mentioned other musical styles as influences, such as progressive rock, traditional rock, Americana, and blues. In 2021, he has also discussed how Pink Floyd, Led Zeppelin and Jimi Hendrix are continuing inspirations to him. Other artists who Duplantier


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 has cited as influences include Portishead, Radiohead, and Sade. He has also been surrounded by non-musical influences, such as noise, landscape, and emotion. Voice
Duplantier has been known for his aggressive vocals and own signature style, going from a typical death growl to an emphasis on clean singing in Gojira's latest works. He began using the screaming and guttural vocal styles in an instinctive response to his "rage about the world", the planet's environmental problems, the "cruelty of other kids" at school, and politics; he commented, "I had to grab a guitar and start screaming".<mask>'s clean singing had already appeared on Terra Incognitas "Clone", conveying the message of human interference with Mother Nature. He used different techniques on the From Mars to Sirius album, going from a "growling timbre" to "semi-clean" vocals in an intonation echoing post-punk singer Jaz Coleman. He experimented with his voice on The Way of All Flesh, and then he continued the clean vocals with the low note on L'Enfant Sauvages "Born in Winter". In addition, he brought the vocoder for robotic voice effects in "A Sight to Behold". In 2016, <mask> said he redefined his vocal style with an even greater emphasis on singing. He has expanded his vocal range by personal choice, citing a "vital" need to sing to develop vocal versatility and style diversity. He would take a new vocal approach to his performances during the recording of Magma.On Fortitude, music writer Chad Bowar regarded his vocal performances as a combination of all of his previous techniques: "harsh and melodic". His throat singing was incorporated with various musical forms punctuating


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 "Amazonia", such as the woodwind instrument and the Jaw harp. For their review of this album, Forbes Quentin Singer stated that <mask>'s "vocals and lyrical writing remain at the top of his game, and they further cement him as one of the most unique sounding aggressive vocalists of all time." Lyrical themes

In 2016, he gave an interpretation of the thematic in Gojira's songs; he said, "My lyrics speak above all about the liberation of the soul, encourage to see the beauty of things." According to Duplantier, the title of Gojira's second album, The Link, was a symbolic "link" between earth and sky, in allusion to an individual spiritual journey toward self-knowledge. The roots symbolized the unconscious while the branches symbolized the divine; thus, the link represented the trunk. Thematically, Gojira's third album recounted the transition from a situation of conflict and war to a situation of serenity that he hoped to see accomplished within humanity, hence the album's title, From Mars to Sirius.<mask> paid homage to the intelligence of whales on the album and was also inspired by an idea of extraterrestrial life on the "ocean planet" Sirius C. At  that time, he said he has been interested in "other worlds" beyond the earth and "different realities". While he theorized that whales would inhabit Sirius C, From Mars to Sirius was also ecologically themed. Adrien Begrand of PopMatters noted that he explored the spiritual side of this musical style using "words often poetic" in an approach exhibiting "sincerity and complete lack of pretension". Some of the lyrical themes of Gojira reflect Duplantier's personal beliefs in preserving the


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 environment. The album L'Enfant Sauvage elaborated on the theme of man's relationship with nature and was juxtaposed with his "difficult" choice he had made—collectively with Gojira—to integrate himself "to a certain extent" into society to devote his life to music, rather than living "in a cabin surrounded by nature". The newspaper Voir described him as "caught between concrete and bark" and wrote that he nevertheless kept his lucidity to focus on art. The philosophical reflection on the relationship of man to nature has been a theme that perpetually fascinated Duplantier.Lyrically "Silvera" focusses on topics including exploitation of farm animals by industrial and animal rights, and detail cruelty inflicted on animals shown in the lines, "Dead bodies falling from the sky/We are the ape with the vision of the killing." Speaking on his own behalf and on behalf of Gojira, <mask> said, nonetheless, that [he] "do not go on a crusade" or impose [his] ideas on other bands while on tour. According to him, music has remained the most important; saying, "It is raw and in your face." "Stranded" has been a personal song; thus, he did not want to reveal the meaning of the lyrics, nor to whom the song was directed, particularly the line "You kill me face down, dead". However, <mask> explained problematic communication with a person close to him whom he esteemed. His texts also explore themes such as anguish, death, and loss. Reviewing "Amazonia", Alec Chillingworth of Metal Hammer praised its musical style combined with the themes <mask> drew on his lyrics and described it as Gojira's "starkest, definitive protest song".Advocacy and activism
<mask>

masks: Duplantier Duplantier Duplantier Duplantier


title: Joe Duplantier

texts: supports and is part of the environmental corporation Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Lyon's Radio Metal asked him what he would do for a living if he was not in Gojira—or even if he would not have made music at all; he responded, "I would be an activist in Greenpeace or Sea Shepherd, an action that defends the planet or the animals. Without any hesitation." He said of himself and Gojira that they spontaneously headed toward Paul Watson and Sea Shepherd and began supporting the organization because, according to him, they became "hard heads" similarly to the band due to the same nomadic lifestyle; adding that they "give everything for their passion, to defend the earth". He felt "mentally" and "spiritually" engaged in the future of the planet; he said, "I have it in my guts. Why? I never really knew".<mask> observed that the planet has been overpopulated, and thus arguing about his lifestyle in accordance with his convictions, he would say: "I try to reduce my impact", adding, "but that seems like just a drop in the ocean". He has been interested and worried about the environmental impact of animal husbandry which demands resources such as water, food and contributes to deforestation. <mask> was a vegetarian but switched to a vegan diet. He has been vegan since 2014. He constantly described himself as an animal-defender speaking in favor of preserving species while evoking humans' responsibility, saying, "The extinction of so many species is going to be one of our legacies". His inner conviction has been represented in Magmas "Silvera" lyrics, shown in the line, "No other blood in me but mine", validating that he does not eat any animals.


title: Joe Duplantier

texts: <mask> is a member of the International Artists Solidarity organization.In April 2021, in an interview with Zane Lowe on Apple Music 1, <mask> mentioned his intention to launch the band's own foundation to develop its activist branch. He has said being sensitive to the deforestation of the Amazon rainforest, and after reflection and speech, he decided to undertake actions to accomplish positive results. During the COVID-19 pandemic, using Zoom call, <mask> decided to initiate a dialogue with the Indigenous leader Sonia Guajajara of the Articulation of Indigenous People of Brazil, an Indigenously-owned organization fighting for their rights. Guajajara represents more than 300 Indigenous tribes of the Brazilian Amazon. He also spoke with fifteen other Indigenous leaders. In 2021, along with Gojira, he launched Operation Amazonia, an auction to raise funds for the APIB. The charity auction raised more than $300,000 through donations from Metallica, Tool, Devin Townsend, Slash, Slayer, among others.For several days in late August 2021, Duplantier participated in demonstrations supporting the Indigenous cause at one of the largest rallies of Indigenous people in Brazil. The protests held at Monumental Axis were in opposition to a proposed law initiated in 2007, called "PL490", that would change the status of native people. PL490 would supplant the Fundação Nacional do Índio and the Ministry of Justice which decide on the demarcation of Indigenous peoples' lands, thus giving "the last word" to the National Congress of Brazil. The bill ("law project" in Europe) being in a favorable environment in 2021, allows the exercise of economic activities on


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 the lands of Indigenous peoples, the modification of their demarcation, and the prohibition of the expansion of existing reserves. The protests also oppose the "federal government's anti-Indigenous policies". An action organized by artists, including Duplantier, was undertaken during the protests in the Three Powers Plaza, in front of the Supreme Federal Court, with the intention of "putting pressure" on it and raising public awareness. The action, led by the Indigenous women of Guarani-Kaiowá, resulted in a performance by Duplantier accompanied by these artists who poured blood on the ground and then mopped it up, shouting repeatedly "Indigenous blood, not a drop more".<mask> said that it was "A beautiful example of unity and how to turn anger and despair into chanting and dance." Personal life

Family
In 2010, while Gojira was on tour supporting Metallica in Lithuania, Duplantier met his wife twice in the same day during a "day off"; then Lars Ulrich invited them to drink wine together at the end of the night. In late 2011, <mask> relocated to New York at the start of the recording of L'Enfant Sauvage. The couple got married, and their daughter was born during the winter months of 2012. His wife, Vilma, is an artist and animal rights activist. He described Ulrich as having become a "kind of godfather" to their children, Mila, and Orest. Though he lived in the outskirts of Bayonne in southwest France, he now resides permanently in Brooklyn, New York, where he lives with his wife, daughter, and son (born 2014).His children have been raised listening to Billie Holiday, the Beatles, Michael Jackson, Stevie Wonder, and metal to develop their


title: Joe Duplantier

texts:
 musical sensitivity. <mask> said he had made a long-planned move to the US because of his dual nationality, and to remain closer to his maternal family and Gojira's management, record company, and lawyer. He is a bilingual speaker of English and French. In mid-April 2015, he (and his brother) flew back to France after an unexpected abrupt deterioration of his mother's state of health. His mother, diagnosed with cancer, asked the family to organize a "great celebration" and a "huge fire" after her death. On 5 July 2015, his mother died in France. His sister, Gabrielle, is a fine-art photographer working alongside her father on the family property in Ondres.During the November 2015 Paris attacks, she was barricaded in a room close to the Bataclan theater's events while working on a photo shoot. Being in New York, <mask> stated he was unable to reach her on the phone during the mass shooting; he said, "It was horror. There are no words". She survived the attacks on the Bataclan. Political views
In 2008, <mask> made a pro-US discourse, stating that the influence of the United States has "a lot of weight in the world, in the world's economy", benefiting from being "a very culturally wealthy country", and has succeeded in "facing the future instead of being in the past". In 2017, he revealed that he no longer believed in politics, saying that "people spend too much time thinking about politicians", wondering "what they can do for them." He said, "I believe in revolution, but the revolution must come from each individual, from within."In 2021, he declared himself opposed to Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro, who accelerated the destruction of the


title: Machado de Assis

texts: <mask> (), often known by his surnames as <mask>, <mask>, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho (21 June 1839 – 29 September 1908), was a pioneer Brazilian novelist, poet, playwright and short story writer, widely regarded as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature. Nevertheless, <mask> did not achieve widespread popularity outside Brazil during his lifetime. In 1897 he founded and became the first President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was multilingual, having taught himself French, English, German and Greek in later life. Born in Morro do Livramento, Rio de Janeiro from a poor family, he was the grandson of freed slaves in a country where slavery would not be fully abolished until 49 years later. He barely studied in public schools and never attended university. With only his own intellect to rely on, and largely self-taught, he struggled to rise socially.To do so, he took several public positions, passing through the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade and Public Works, and achieving early fame in newspapers where he published his first poetry and chronicles. <mask>'s work shaped the realism movement in Brazil. He became known for his wit and his eye-opening critiques of society. Generally considered to be <mask>'s greatest works are Dom Casmurro (1899), Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas ("Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas", also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner) and Quincas Borba (also known in English as Philosopher or Dog?). In 1893 he published

masks:
Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis
Machado de Assis
Machado
Assis
Machado
Machado


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 "A Missa do Galo" ("Midnight Mass"), often considered to be the greatest short story in Brazilian literature. American literary critic Harold Bloom included <mask> <mask> in his list of 100 geniuses of literature. Bloom considers him the greatest black writer in Western literature.Biography

Birth and adolescence

Joaquim <mask> <mask> was born on 21 June 1839 in Rio de Janeiro, then capital of the Empire of Brazil. His parents were Francisco José <mask>, a wall painter, the son of freed slaves, and Maria Leopoldina da Câmara <mask>, a Portuguese washerwoman from the Azores. He was born in Livramento country house, owned by Dona Maria José <mask> Barroso Pereira, widow of senator Bento Barroso Pereira, who protected his parents and allowed them to live with her. Dona Maria José became Joaquim's godmother; her brother-in-law, commendatory Joaquim <mask> Sousa da Silveira, was his godfather, and both were paid homage by giving their names to the baby. <mask> had a sister who died young. Joaquim studied in a public school, but was not a good student. While helping to serve masses, he met Father Silveira Sarmento, who became his Latin teacher and also a good friend.When Joaquim was ten years old, his mother died, and his father took him along as he moved to São Cristóvão. <mask> <mask> met Maria Inês da Silva, and they married in 1854. Joaquim had classes in a school for girls only, thanks to his stepmother who worked there making candies. At night he

masks:
Machado
de Assis
Maria Machado
de Assis
de Assis
Machado
de Mendonça
Alberto de
Machado
Francisco de
Assis


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 learned French with an immigrant baker. In his adolescence, he met <mask> Paulo Brito, who owned a bookstore, a newspaper and typography. On 12 January 1855, <mask> Paula published the poem Ela ("Her") written by Joaquim, then 15 years old, in the newspaper Marmota Fluminense. In the following year, he was hired as typographer's apprentice in the Imprensa Oficial (the Official Press, charged with the publication of Government measures), where he was encouraged as a writer by Manuel Antônio <mask>, the newspaper's director and also a novelist.There he also met Francisco Otaviano, journalist and later liberal senator, and Quintino Bocaiúva, who decades later would become known for his role as a republican orator. Early career and education

Francisco Otaviano hired <mask> to work on the newspaper Correio Mercantil as a proofreader in 1858. He continued to write for the Marmota Fluminense and also for several other newspapers, but he did not earn much and had a humble life. As he did not live with his father anymore, it was common for him to eat only once a day for lack of money. Around this time, he became a friend of the writer and liberal politician <mask> Alencar, who taught him English. From English literature, he was influenced by Laurence Sterne, William Shakespeare, Lord Byron and Jonathan Swift. He learned German years later and in his old age, Greek.He was invited by Bocaiúva to work at his newspaper Diário do Rio de Janeiro in 1860. Machado

masks:
Francisco de
Francisco de
de Almeida
Machado
José de


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 had a passion for theater and wrote several plays for a short time; his friend Bocaiúva concluded: "Your works are meant to be read and not played." He gained some notability and began to sign his writings as J. M<mask> <mask>, the way he would be known for posterity: <mask> <mask>. He established himself in advanced Liberal Party circles by taking stands in defense of religious freedom and Ernest Renan's controversial Life of Jesus while attacking the venality of the clergy. His father <mask> <mask> died in 1864. Machado learned of his father's death through acquaintances. He dedicated his compilation of poems called "Crisálidas" to his father: "To the Memory of Francisco José <mask> and Maria Leopoldina <mask> <mask>, my Parents."With the Liberal Party's ascension to power about that time, Machado thought he might receive a patronage position that would help him improve his life. To his surprise, aid came from the Emperor Dom Pedro II, who hired him as director-assistant in the Diário Oficial in 1867, and knighted him as an honor. In 1888 <mask> was made an officer of the Order of the Rose. Marriage and family

In 1868 <mask> met the Portuguese Carolina Augusta <mask> Novais, five years older than him. She was the sister of his colleague Faustino <mask> Novais, for whom he worked on the magazine O Futuro. <mask> had a stammer and was extremely shy, short and lean. He was also very intelligent and well learned.He married Carolina on 12 November 1869;

masks:
. Machado
de Assis
Machado
desis
Francisco de
Assis
de Assis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
Machado
Xavier de
Xavier de
Machado


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 although her parents Miguel and <mask>, and her siblings disapproved because <mask> was of African descent and she was a white woman. They had no children. Literature

<mask> managed to rise in his bureaucratic career, first in the Agriculture Department. Three years later, he became the head of a section in it. He published two poetry books: Falenas, in 1870, and Americanas, in 1875. Their weak reception made him explore other literary genres. He wrote five romantic novels: Ressurreição, A Mão e Luva, Helena and Iaiá Garcia.The books were a success with the public, but literary critics considered them mediocre. <mask> suffered repeated attacks of epilepsy, apparently related to hearing of the death of his old friend <mask> Alencar. He was left melancholic, pessimistic and fixed on death. His next book, marked by "a skeptical and realistic tone": Memórias Póstumas de Brás Cubas (Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, also translated as Epitaph of a Small Winner), is widely considered a masterpiece. By the end of the 1880s, <mask> had gained wide renown as a writer. Although he was opposed to slavery, he never spoke against it in public. He avoided discussing politics.He was criticized by the abolitionist José do Patrocínio and by the writer Lima Barreto for staying away from politics, especially the cause of abolition. He was also criticized by them for having married a white woman. <mask> was caught by surprise with the monarchy overthrown on 15 November

masks:
Adelaide
Machado
Machado
Machado
José de
Machado
Machado


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 1889. Machado had no sympathy towards republicanism, as he considered himself a liberal monarchist and venerated Pedro II, whom he perceived as "a humble, honest, well-learned and patriotic man, who knew how to make of a throne a chair [for his simplicity], without diminishing its greatness and respect." When a commission went to the public office where he worked to remove the picture of the former emperor, the shy Machado defied them: "The picture got in here by an order and it shall leave only by another order." The birth of the Brazilian republic made Machado become more critical and an observer of the Brazilian society of his time. From then on, he wrote "not only the greatest novels of his time, but the greatest of all time of Brazilian literature."Works such as Quincas Borba (Philosopher or Dog?) (1891), Dom Casmurro (1899), Esaú e Jacó (1904) and Memorial de Aires (1908), considered masterpieces, were successes with both critics and the public. In 1893 he published "A Missa do Galo" ("Midnight Mass"), considered his greatest short story. Later years

<mask> <mask>, along with fellow monarchists such as Joaquim Nabuco, <mask> Oliveira Lima, Afonso Celso, Viscount of Ouro Preto and Alfredo d'Escragnolle Taunay, and other writers and intellectuals, founded the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was its first president, from 1897 to 1908, when he died. For many years, he requested that the government grant a proper headquarters to the Academy, which

masks:
Machado
de Assis
Manuel de


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 he managed to obtain in 1905. In 1902 he was transferred to the accountancy's directing board of the Ministry of Industry.His wife Carolina Novais died on 20 October 1904, after 35 years of a "perfect married life". Feeling depressed and lonely, <mask> died on 29 September 1908. Narrative style

<mask>'s style is unique, and several literary critics have tried to describe it since 1897. He is considered by many the greatest Brazilian writer of all time, and one of the world's greatest novelists and short story writers. His chronicles do not share the same status. His poems are often misunderstood for the use of crude terms, sometimes associated to the pessimist style of Augusto dos Anjos, another Brazilian writer. <mask> <mask> was included on American literary critic Harold Bloom's list of the greatest 100 geniuses of literature, alongside writers such as Dante, Shakespeare and Cervantes.Bloom considers him the greatest black writer in Western literature; although, in Brazil, <mask> is perceived as a Pardo. His works have been studied by critics in various countries of the world, such as Giuseppe Alpi (Italy), <mask> Andreassi (Portugal), Albert Bagby Jr. (US), Abel Barros Baptista (Portugal), Hennio Morgan Birchal (Brazil), Edoardo Bizzarri (Italy), Jean-Michel Massa (France), Helen Caldwell (US), John Gledson (England), Adrien Delpech (France), Albert Dessau (Germany), Paul B. Dixon (US), Keith Ellis (US), Edith Fowke (Canada), Anatole France

masks:
Machado
Machado
Machado
de Assis
Machado
Lourdes


title: Machado de Assis

texts: (France), Richard Graham (US), <mask> (France), David Jackson (US), G. Reginald Daniel (US), Linda Murphy Kelley (US), John C. Kinnear, Alfred Mac Adam (US), Victor Orban (France), Daphne Patai (US), Houwens Post (Italy), Samuel Putnam (US), <mask> Schmitt, Tony Tanner (England), Jack E. Tomlins (US), Carmelo Virgillo (US), Dieter Woll (Germany), August Willemsen (Netherlands) and Susan Sontag (US). Critics are divided as to the nature of <mask> <mask>'s writing. Some, such as Abel Barros Baptista, classify <mask> as a staunch anti-realist, and argue that his writing attacks Realism, aiming to negate the possibility of representation or the existence of a meaningful objective reality. Realist critics such as John Gledson are more likely to regard <mask>'s work as a faithful description of Brazilian reality—but one executed with daring innovative technique. In light of Machado's own statements, Daniel argues that Machado's novels represent a growing sophistication and daring in maintaining a dialogue between the aesthetic subjectivism of Romanticism (and its offshoots) and the aesthetic objectivism of Realism-Naturalism. Accordingly, Machado's earlier novels have more in common with a hybrid mid-19th-century current often referred to as "Romantic Realism."In addition, his later novels have more in common with another late 19th-century hybrid: literary Impressionism. Historians such as Sidney Chalhoub argue that <mask>'s prose constitutes an exposé of

masks:
Pierre Hourcade
John Hyde
Machado
de Assis
Machado
Machado
Machado


title: Machado de Assis

texts: the social, political and economic dysfunction of late Imperial Brazil. Critics agree on how he used innovative techniques to reveal the contradictions of his society. Roberto Schwarz points out that <mask>'s innovations in prose narrative are used to expose the hypocrisies, contradictions, and dysfunction of 19th-century Brazil. Schwarz,  argues that Machado inverts many narrative and intellectual conventions to reveal the pernicious ends to which they are used. Thus we see critics reinterpret Machado according to their own designs or their perception of how best to validate him for their own historical moment. Regardless, his incisive prose shines through, able to communicate with readers from different times and places, conveying his ironic and yet tender sense of what we, as human beings, are.<mask>'s literary style has inspired many Brazilian writers. His works have been adapted to television, theater, and cinema. In 1975 the Comissão Machado de Assis ("Machado de Assis Commission"), organized by the Brazilian Ministry of Education and Culture, organized and published critical editions of <mask>'s works, in 15 volumes. His main works have been translated into many languages. Great 20th-century writers such as Salman Rushdie, Cabrera Infante and Carlos Fuentes, as well as the American film director Woody Allen, have expressed their enthusiasm for his fiction. Despite the efforts and patronage of such well-known intellectuals as Susan Sontag,

masks: Machado Machado Machado


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 Harold Bloom, and Elizabeth Hardwick, <mask>'s books—the most famous of which are available in English in multiple translations—have never achieved large sales in the English-speaking world and he continues to be relatively unknown, even by comparison with other Latin American writers. In his works, Machado appeals directly to the reader, breaking the so-called fourth wall.Rio de Janeiro: Livraria Garnier (20 vols.) 1962 – Obras Completas. Rio de Janeiro: W.M. Jackson (31 vols.) 1997 – Obras Completas. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Globo (31 vols.) 2006 – Obras Completas.Rio de Janeiro: Nova Aguilar (3 vols.) Works in English translation
 1921 – Brazilian Tales. Boston: The Four Seas Company (London: Dodo Press, 2007). 1952 – Epitaph of a Small Winner. New York: Noonday Press (London: Hogarth Press, 1985; republished as The Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas: A Novel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997; Epitaph of a Small Winner. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2008; UK: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2008).1953 – Dom Casmurro: A Novel. New York: Noonday Press (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966; republished as Dom Casmurro. Lord Taciturn. London: Peter Owen, 1992; Dom Casmurro: A Novel. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997). 1954 – Philosopher or Dog? New York: Avon Books (republished as The Heritage of Quincas Borba.New York: W.H. Allen, 1957; New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992; republished as Quincas Borba: A Novel. New York: Oxford


title: Machado de Assis

texts: University Press, 1998). 1963 – The Psychiatrist, and Other Stories. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1965 – Esau and Jacob. Berkeley: University of California Press.1970 – The Hand & the Glove. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. 1972 – Counselor Ayres' Memorial. Berkeley: University of California Press (republished as The Wager: Aires' Journal. London: Peter Owen, 1990; also republished as The Wager, 2005). 1976 – Yayá Garcia: A Novel. London: Peter Owen (republished as Iaiá Garcia.Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1977). 1977 – The Devil's Church and Other Stories. Austin: University of Texas Press (New York: HarperCollins Publishers Ltd, 1987). 1984 – Helena: A Novel. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008 – A Chapter of Hats and Other Stories. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.2012 – The Alienist. New York: Melville House Publishing. 2013 – Resurrection. Pennsylvania: Latin American Literary Review Press. 2013 – The Alienist and Other Stories of Nineteenth-century Brazil. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing. 2014 – Ex Cathedra: Stories by <mask> <mask> — Bilingual Edition.Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. 2016 – Miss Dollar: Stories by <mask> <mask> — Bilingual Edition. Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. 2018 – Trio in A-Minor: Five Stories by <mask> <mask>—Bilingual Edition. Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. 2018 - The Collected Stories of <mask> <mask>. New York : Liveright & Company.2018 – Good Days! : The Bons

masks:
Machado
desis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
desis


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 Dias! Chronicles of <mask> <mask> (1888-1889) — Bilingual Edition. Hanover, Conn.: New London Librarium. Titles and honours

Titles
 Founding member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1896–1908). President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (1897–1908). Honours
 : Knight of the Order of the Rose (1867).: Officer of the Order of the Rose (1888). Tribute
On June 21, 2017, Google celebrated his 178th birthday with a Google Doodle. Notes

References
 Bueno, Eduardo (2003). Brasil: Uma História. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Ática. Encilopédia Barsa (1987).Volume 10: "Judô – Mercúrio". Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil. Scarano, Júlia Maria Leonor (1969). Grandes Personagens da Nossa História. São Paulo: Abril Cultural. Vainfas, Ronaldo (2002). Dicionário do Brasil Imperial.Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva. Further reading

 Abreu, <mask> <mask> (1939). <mask> <mask>. Rio de Janeiro: Norte. Andrade, Mário (1943). Aspectos da Literatura Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Americ.Ed. Aranha, Graça (1923). Machado <mask> e Joaquim Nabuco: Comentários e Notas à Correspondência. São Paulo: Monteiro Lobato. Barreto Filho (1947). Introdução a Machado <mask>sis. Rio de Janeiro: Agir.Bettencourt <mask>, José (1962). <mask> of Brazil, the Life and Times of <mask> <mask>, Brazil's Greatest Novelist. New York: Charles Frank Publications. Bosi, Alfredo. (Organizador) Machado de Assis. São Paulo: Editora Atica, 1982. Bosi, Alfredo (2000).<mask> <mask>: O Enigma do Olhar. São

masks:
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de Assis
Modesto
de
Machado
de Assis
desis
de As
Machado
Machado
Machado
de Assis
Machado
de Assis


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 Paulo: Ática. Broca, Brito (1957). Machado de Assis e a Política. Rio de Janeiro: Organização Simões Editora. Chalhoub, Sidney (2003). <mask> <mask>, Historiador.São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. Cheney, et al. (editors) (2014) Ex Cathedra: Stories by <mask> <mask>--Bilingual Edition. Hanover, CT:New London Librarium
 Corção, Gustavo (1956). Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Agir. Coutinho, Afrânio (1959).A Filosofia de Machado de Assis e Outros Ensaios. Rio de Janeiro: São José. Dantas, Júlio (1940). Machado de Assis. Lisboa: Academia das Ciências. Dixon, Paul B. (1989).Retired Dreams: Dom Casmurro, Myth and Modernity. West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. Faoro, Raimundo (1974). Machado de Assis: Pirâmide e o Trapézio. São Paulo: Cia. Ed. Nacional.Fitz, Earl E. (1989). Machado <mask>. Boston: Twayne Publishers. Gledson, John (1984). The Deceptive Realism of Machado <mask>. Liverpool: Francis Cairns. Gledson, John (1986).<mask> <mask>: Ficção e História. Rio de Janeiro: Paz & Terra. Goldberg, Isaac (1922). "Joaquim <mask> <mask>." In: Brazilian Literature. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, pp. 142–164.Gomes, Eugênio (1976). Influências Inglesas em Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Pallas; Brasília: INL. Graham, Richard (ed.). Machado <mask>: Reflections on a Brazilian Master Writer. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1999. Lima, Alceu Amoroso (1941).Três Ensaios sobre <mask> <mask>. Belo Horizonte: Paulo & Bruhm. Magalhães Jr, Raimundo (1981). Vida e

masks:
Machado
desis
Machado
de Assis
de Assis
de Assis
Machado
de Assis
Maria Machado
de Assis
desis
Machado
desis


title: Machado de Assis

texts: Obra de Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro/Brasília: Civilização Brasileira/INL. Maia Neto, José Raimundo (1984). <mask> <mask>, the Brazilian Pyrrhonian.West Lafayette, Ind. : Purdue University Press. Massa, Jean-Michel (1971). A Juventude de Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira. Merquior, José Guilherme (1971). "Machado de Assis e a Prosa Impressionista."In: De Anchieta a Euclides; Breve História da Literatura Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: José Olympio, pp. 150–201. Meyer, Augusto (1935). Machado de Assis. Porto Alegre: Globo. Meyer, Augusto (1958).Machado <mask> 1935–1958. Rio de Janeiro: Livraria São José. Montello, Jesué (1998). Os Inimigos de Machado de Assis. Rio de Janeiro: Editora Nova Fronteira. Nunes, Maria Luisa (1983). The Craft of an Absolute Winner: Characterization and Narratology in the Novels of <mask> <mask>.Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. Paes, José Paulo. (1985). Gregos e Baianos: Ensaios. São Paulo: Brasiliense. Pereira, Astrogildo (1944). Interpretação.Rio de Janeiro: Casa do Estudante do Brasil. Miguel-Pereira, Lúcia (1936). <mask> <mask>: Estudo Critíco e Biográfico. São Paulo: Cia. Ed. Nacional. Schwarz, Roberto (2000).Ao Vencedor as Batatas. São Paulo: Duas Cidades/Editora34. Schwarz, Roberto (1997). Duas Meninas. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. Schwarz, Roberto (1990). Um Mestre na Periferia do Capitalismo.São Paulo: Duas <mask>. Trans. as A Master on the Periphery of Capitalism. Trans. and intro. John

masks:
Machado
de Assis
desis
Machado
de Assis
Machado
desis
Cidades


title: Machado de Assis

texts:
 Gledson. Durham: Duke UP, 2001.Taylor, David (2002). "Wry Modernist of Brazil's Past." Américas, Nov.-Dec., issue. Washington, DC. Veríssimo, José (1916). História da Literatura Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Livrarias Aillaud & Bertrand.External links

  Machado de Assis at Brasialiana, University of São Paulo (digitalized first editions of all the books in PDF)
  Complete Works of Machado de Assis – Brazilian Ministry of Education
  MetaLibri Digital Library
 Contos Fluminenses
 Dom Casmurro
 Memórias Póstumas de Bras Cubas
 Quincas Borba

  <mask> a literary biography. Books of <mask> <mask> in Biblioteca Virtual do Estudante de Língua Portuguesa. Manuscrito de Machado de Assis – Handwritten pieces
 Espaço Machado de Assis
 João Cezar de Castro Rocha, "Introduction: Machado de Assis, the Location of an Author"

1839 births
1908 deaths
Brazilian monarchists
Brazilian male novelists
19th-century Brazilian dramatists and playwrights
Brazilian male dramatists and playwrights
19th-century Brazilian poets
Brazilian male poets
Brazilian male short story writers
Brazilian Roman Catholics
Brazilian translators
Members of the Brazilian Academy of Letters
19th-century Brazilian novelists
20th-century Brazilian novelists
Brazilian people of Azorean descent
Writers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
Portuguese-language writers
Translators to Portuguese
19th-century Brazilian short story writers
Brazilian people of African descent
19th-century Brazilian male

masks:
Machadosis
Machado
de Assis


title: Mercy Oduyoye

texts:
<mask> (born 1934) is a Ghanaian Methodist theologian known for her work in African women's theology. She is currently the director of the Institute of African Women in Religion and Culture at Trinity Theological Seminary in Ghana. Biography
<mask>wa <mask> was born on her grandfather's cacao farm in Amoanna, near Asamankese, Ghana, in October 1934. Her name, Ewudziwa is of Akan origin and was given to her in honor of her grandfather. Oduyoye's story begins from her location where African theology, the impression of African women, and African culture influenced her greatly. She was the first child born to her parents, Charles Kwaw Yamoah a teacher and pastor who became president of the Methodist Church in Ghana and a "strong-willed" mother, <mask>. Oduyoye has eight siblings in her family.As a young girl, concepts such as Gender and motherhood began shaping her into a young woman. Oduyoye talks about the importance of Matrilineal kinship in her Ghanaian upbringing where women held a vital part in their family, passing down their names. However, later on, she was married into a patrilineal kinship by her Nigerian husband as a part of the Yoruba culture. Oduyoye never had kids. As a young girl, she does not recall the effects of gender binary because she suggests, she and her brothers all helped around the house without separation of tasks. Therefore, gender construction was a new element to Oduyoye because it never existed in her household. Although, the main difference she remembers is how the firstborn in African families, the eldest daughter was unmistakable “the second mother.” In this sense, cultural practices became one of the main issues for Oduyoye to criticize in her later years.As big as her family was, all Children went to post-secondary education, and some trained as nurses. Education
<mask> attended Mmofraturo, a Methodist girls boarding school in Kumasi, Ghana,

masks:
Mercy Amba Oduyoye
Mercy Amba Ewudzi
Oduyoye
Mercy Yaa Dakwa Yamoah
Oduyoye


title: Mercy Oduyoye

texts: where Biblical scholarship was a required study. In 1948, as a teenager, she experienced the atmosphere of Ghana's independence as Ghanaian boycotted European goods. In the Ghanaian Administration was Kwame Nkrumah, the President and later the Prime Minister of Ghana from 1959 to 1966. These beginning in <mask>'s life gave her insight into patriarchy and the view of Europe as a Commonwealth. Also, her sense of Pan-African increased. For president Nkrumah at the time, "...Ghana's Independence meant nothing if the rest of Africa was not Independent.” This quote inspired Oduyoye's work because she saw liberation as intrinsic to African Women's Theology.Nkuruham thought education could help Africa regain its power instead of continuing to help Europe in collecting wealth. Therefore, Ghana offered free secondary school education for students in exchange for them to “...work for the Government for five years in any part of Africa" after their completion. <mask>'s analysis of Europe was critical because she thought about her grandfather's Cacao farm. The economy is very much interconnected from her perspective to politics because she says, “Cocoa is part of my heritage; it provided financial support and stability.” <mask> saw how Europe subjugated Ghana's wealth through power structure. Also, marriage in African Culture interconnects with wealth. The most leading case for polygamy in Africa, is connected to successful men, economically. In 1959, Oduyoye decided to go to the University of Ghana to study theology.However, at the time, theology was not a popular subject of study for many universities undergraduates, namely women, and she felt alone when she decided to pursue it. Later on, she realized that many African women studied theology as they went on to pursue masters and further studies in the field. Hence, it is important to note why <mask> claims she is not the first African

masks: Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye Oduyoye


title: Mercy Oduyoye

texts:
 Women Theologian because she distinguished how all these women practiced/studied theology in Africa. The purpose for the name African Women's Theology means; “we are African, we are women, and we are a theologian.” <mask> earned a Bachelor of Theology degree from the University of Ghana in 1963, a second bachelor's and master's degree from Cambridge University in 1965 and 1969. In her time at Cambridge, she realized how the education structure was not different at all. The fact rested on how the system of study in Ghana was “based on the Cambridge system.” Now, <mask> is considered one of the leading Protestant African theologians. African Women's Theology
When <mask> finished her studies at Cambridge, she taught at Princeton University in the 1960s.In the 1970s, she taught other campuses in the United States, Europe, and Africa few are Harvard University, Union Theological Seminary, and the University of Ibadan. In this period of teaching, she realized that “people who wrote about Africa and Christianity in Africa, were not Africans.” Also, the Africans who wrote about Christianity were men, having only “male face in mind." These facts made Oduyoye continue to pursue activism in challenging the status quo in Africa where women were silenced, in this case voicing for African women and theology. As she notes, “liberation theology became my theology voice.” <mask> led a few organizations besides her teaching career, such as the Ecumenical Association of Third-World Theologian (EATWOT). From 1967 to 1979, she was youth education secretary for the World Council of Churches; from 1987 to 1994, she was Deputy General Secretary for the same organization. She has taught at Harvard University, Union Theological Seminary, and the University of Ibadan. She has also served as president of the World Student Christian Federation and founded the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians