title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 tournaments.He qualified from the round-robin group stage with victories against Julien Benneteau, Marc Gicquel, and Josselin Ouanna. In the final against Michaël Llodra, Llodra pulled out with a shoulder injury, resulting in <mask>'s becoming the inaugural winner of the tournament. 2009: Australian Open Quarterfinal

<mask> started the year off rising to a new career high of world no. 6 and played at the Hopman Cup, teaming up with compatriot Alizé Cornet to form the French mixed doubles duo. <mask> played at the first grand slam of the year, the 2009 Australian Open, as the sixth seed, winning against Pablo Andújar in the first round. He also competed with Jérémy Chardy as his partner in the doubles, but the pair was defeated by Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić in the first round. The second round saw him beat Chris Guccione in four sets.He defeated Mario Ančić in the third round, winning in straight sets, advancing to his fourth-round encounter with compatriot Gaël Monfils. <mask> was leading in the first two sets before Monfils retired due to a wrist injury. He then played world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in the quarterfinals, where he was dispatched, although he had two set points in the second set. He participated in the Davis Cup with other French team members Michaël Llodra, Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, and Richard Gasquet. The team competed against the Czech Republic from 6–8 March. <mask> lost to Tomáš Berdych, and then played Radek Štěpánek (whom his fellow team member Tsonga beat).<mask> lost to Štěpánek, which gave the Czechs a 3–1 lead, and France was out of the Davis Cup in the first round for the first time


title: Gilles Simon

type: original

texts: since 2000. He went into the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami ranked no. 7 in the world. After early round wins over former world no. 1 Lleyton Hewitt and Rainer Schüttler, he lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the fourth round. <mask> competed at the Monte Carlo Masters against Andreas Beck in the men's singles, suffering a first-round loss. This result caused his world ranking to drop 2 spots down to no.9.<mask> played at the Estoril Open as the top seed, before losing to Albert Montañés, in the third round. He competed with fellow players Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and Jérémy Chardy, forming the French team at the ARAG World Team Cup in Düsseldorf. He lost to Robin Söderling and Rainer Schüttler. He entered Roland Garros as the seventh seed and defeated Wayne Odesnik in five sets in the first round, and Robert Kendrick in straight sets. He was ousted by Victor Hănescu in the third round. During his third-round match, he also injured his right knee. Although he finished the match, this knee injury turned into a chronic problem that bothered him for a long time.<mask> competed at the Aegon Championships at Queens as the third seed, where he beat Grigor Dimitrov, but lost to Mikhail Youzhny in the third round. At Wimbledon, <mask> was the eighth seed. He defeated Bobby Reynolds and Thiago Alves in the first two rounds. He defeated Victor Hănescu in the third round with a comfortable victory. He was ousted in the fourth round by unseeded Spaniard Juan Carlos Ferrero. <mask> was the top seed at Stuttgart's MercedesCup and defeated Philipp Petzschner in the first round in straight sets before falling to Mischa Zverev. At the

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts: 2009 International German Open, after receiving a bye in the first round, he lost to wildcard Daniel Brands.During the 2009 US Open Series, he played at the 2009 Rogers Cup where he lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the third round. One week later, he played at the 2009 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women's Open in Cincinnati, where he defeated Nikolay Davydenko en route to the quarterfinals, where he would lose to world no. 4 Novak Djokovic. At the 2009 US Open, <mask> equalled his best result of third round before retiring with a right knee injury during his third-round match against Juan Carlos Ferrero. <mask> then won his first title of 2009 at the 2009 PTT Thailand Open, where he defeated Viktor Troicki in the final. In Tokyo, <mask> was third seeded, but fell to Mikhail Youzhny in the second round. A week later he played at the Shanghai Masters as the eight seed and received a bye in the first round.He beat Viktor Troicki and Tomáš Berdych, but lost to Novak Djokovic in the quarterfinals. <mask> returned to France to play in Lyon and lost in the semifinal to Michaël Llodra. At the next tournament in Valencia, he lost to Mikhail Youzhny in the quarterfinal. He continued to Bercy to play at the BNP Paribas Masters. He was seeded 11th and had a first-round bye. In the second round, he faced Ivan Ljubičić, whom he had never beaten in three previous meetings. In the third set of the match, <mask> has a break point to go up.While lunging to return a wide serve, he aggravated a right knee injury that has been bothering him for half of the 2009 season. Although with his movement severely hampered,


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 <mask> decided to play on to finish the match in front of an enthusiastic home crowd. He went on to win the match. Two days later, he played his R3 match against Jo-Wilfried Tsonga and lost. In an interview during the Paris tournament, <mask> said that the doctor had recommended that he take at least two months to recover from his knee injury. 2010: 7th ATP title
<mask> started the 2010 season with an exhibition event, the World Tennis Challenge in Adelaide. It started badly for him, as he struggled with injury.He lost three straight matches, including to the home favourite Bernard Tomic. <mask> pulled out of the Australian Open due to his knee injury. He did not make any appearances in the 2010 season until mid-February, at the 2010 Open 13 tournament in Marseille. As the fifth seed, he lost in the first round to Olivier Rochus in Marseille. He then participated in the 2010 Dubai Tennis Championships as the eighth seed, but lost in the first round to Marcos Baghdatis. Continuing to struggle, he lost to Brian Dabul, in the second round of the 2010 BNP Paribas Open Masters 1000 in Indian Wells. He also lost to Horacio Zeballos in the second round of the 2010 Sony Ericsson Open.The right knee injury eventually caused <mask> to miss the entire spring European clay season, including the French Open. He returned to the tour in mid-June, winning two rounds in Eastbourne before losing to Michaël Llodra, in the quarterfinals. At the 2010 Wimbledon tournament <mask> reached the third round with one win, due to a second-round walkover (Illya Marchenko), before losing to Andy Murray. He began the summer US hard court

masks: Simon Simon Gilles Simon Simon Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts: season by participating in the Legg Mason Tennis Classic in Washington, D.C. and won two rounds of matches, including a win over top 10 player Andy Roddick. He lost in the quarterfinals to David Nalbandian in three sets. However, he suffered first-round defeats in his next two ATP Masters 1000 series tournaments, the 2010 Rogers Cup in Toronto and the 2010 Western & Southern Financial Group Masters and Women's Open in Cincinnati, showing that he still had a long way to go to return to his top form and regain his confidence. He moved on to New York to take part in US Open, reaching the thirdround by defeating Donald Young in three sets and Philipp Kohlschreiber in five sets.He went on to meet the no. 1 player Rafael Nadal in the third round. Before the match, upon hearing about the birth of <mask>'s son, Nadal jokingly offered to buy <mask> a flight ticket back to Europe to see his son before the match. <mask> stayed, and lost to the eventual champion Nadal in three sets. After the US Open, <mask> was picked to represent France in the semifinal of the Davis Cup because Tsonga was unavailable due to injury. He did not play any live rubber, but defeated Eduardo Schwank in a dead rubber. <mask> then entered 2010 Open de Moselle as a wildcard.Originally, he did not plan to play the tournament because his son was supposed to be due that week. He took his newly extended family to Metz and eventually won the tournament by beating Mischa Zverev in the final. This was his seventh career title, coming only weeks after the birth of his first child. During the award ceremony, he thanked his girlfriend for the support and


title: Gilles Simon

texts: called the victory a "family effort." The rest of 2010 was more ups and downs, indicating that after returning from the serious knee injury, he was still struggling to find his consistency. He went on to participate in two Asian tournaments. He beat Sam Querrey and Michael Berrer to reach the quarterfinals of the China Open in Beijing, but lost to Djokovic in two relatively easy sets.He then crashed out at the first round of the Shanghai Masters to Stanislas Wawrinka in two sets. After Asia, he returned to France to play Open Sud de France in Montpellier. During his second-round encounter, he was down a set and a break to David Nalbandian before fighting back to even the match at one all. He was then down a break again before coming back to beat the seeded player in three sets. He eventually lost in the quarterfinals to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in three sets. The next tournament was the Valencia Open 500, where <mask> beat two seeds (Fernando Verdasco and Nikolay Davydenko) en route to his semifinal appearance, only to lose to the Spanish qualifier Marcel Granollers in two sets. At the last tournament of the season, BNP Paribas Masters, <mask> again came from behind to beat newcomer Andrey Golubev in three sets during their first-round encounter.However, in the seoncd round, after failing to convert numerous breakpoints in the beginning of set 1, a set that he eventually lost, <mask> faded and lost the second set to the eventual title winner Robin Söderling in two easy sets. In December 2010, <mask> was picked to play the Davis Cup final for France, which was hosted in Belgrade, Serbia. The final was filled with

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 controversies over which player was to be called on to play each match. France called on <mask> to play Novak Djokovic in day 1, while others were expecting Michaël Llodra to play, based on Llodra's good form in the BNP Paribas Masters (including beating Djokovic in two sets). <mask> lost the match in three sets. When France won the doubles and led 2–1 going into day 3, the French team seemed to be on its way to yet another Davis Cup victory. But day 3 opened with Djokovic in strong form defeating Monfils in three easy sets, leaving the championship to a deciding fifth match.The schedule originally stated that the fifth match was to be played by Janko Tipsarević and <mask>. Last-minute replacement saw both replaced by their teammates Viktor Troicki and Michaël Llodra respectively. The fifth match ended in anticlimactic fashion with an overwhelming victory for Troicki in three sets. Serbia won the Davis Cup for the first time in history. France's defeat caused some to question the choice of Llodra to play Troicki when <mask> has a 4–0 head-to-head record against the Serb. Nevertheless, everyone agrees that Troicki and the Serbian team had displayed convincing performances over their French opponent, and the victory was well deserved. 2011: 8th & 9th ATP title
<mask> started his 2011 campaign by entering three tournaments in Australia: Brisbane, Sydney, and the 2011 Australian Open.He lost in the first round of Brisbane to Santiago Giraldo. One week later, he beat Alexandr Dolgopolov and Ernests Gulbis in the quarterfinals and semifinals and then captured his eighth title by defeating Viktor Troicki, in the


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 final of the Sydney International. In the Australian Open, he lost to Roger Federer in the second round in a five set match. <mask> went on to defeat Nicolás Almagro in Hamburg, capturing the most important title (in terms of ATP Rankings) of his career to date. <mask> reached the fourth round of Roland Garros but lost to Robin Söderling. At Wimbledon, he lost to Juan Martín del Potro in the third round. At the US Open, he advanced to the fourth round by defeating Ricardo Mello, Guillermo García-López, and Juan Martín del Potro before losing to John Isner.2012: 10th ATP title, Two Masters 1000 semifinals
<mask> started his season at the Brisbane International, where he made the semifinals before losing to Alexandr Dolgopolov. At the 2012 Australian Open, <mask> went out in the second round to his countryman Julien Benneteau. He made the semifinals of the Open Sud de France and the quarterfinals at Indian Wells, where he went down against John Isner. In Miami, he was defeated by Andy Murray in the fourth round. <mask> reached the semifinals at the Monte Carlo Rolex Masters, defeating Janko Tipsarević and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the third round and quarterfinals, respectively. He lost in the semifinals to champion Rafael Nadal. Subsequently, he won the tournament in Bucharest, Romania, defeating Fabio Fognini in the final.At the Masters 1000 event in Madrid, he lost in the third round to Janko Tipsarević. In Rome, he lost to David Ferrer in the third round. At the French Open he lost in the third round to Stanislas Wawrinka in five sets. At Wimbledon he lost in the second round to Xavier Malisse. He fell in the


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 third round of the US Open to Mardy Fish. He made the semifinals at Paris Bercy Masters where he lost to qualifier and eventual runner-up Jerzy Janowicz to close the year. 2013: 11th ATP title
He started off the season once again at the Brisbane International where he lost in the quarterfinals to Marcos Baghdatis.At the 2013 Australian Open, he reached the fourth round before losing to Andy Murray. He also made it to the fourth round of the French Open, before losing to Roger Federer in five sets. At Wimbledon he lost in the first round to Feliciano Lopez. He missed the US Open due to illness. In September, he won the Moselle Open for his 11th career title, beating Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the final in straight sets. 2014: Late resurgence, Second Masters 1000 Final in Shanghai
<mask> began his season at the Brisbane International with a shocking loss to world no.147 Marius Copil in the first round. He lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in the third round of the 2014 Australian Open after beating both Daniel Brands (saved seven match points) and Marin Cilic in five sets.He lost to Andy Murray despite taking the first set and serving for the match in the second at 5–3 in the quarterfinals of the 2014 Abierto Mexicano Telcel. At the Rome Masters, <mask> pushed World no.1 Rafael Nadal in three sets. He made to semifinals of the 2014 Open de Nice Côte d'Azur before falling to Federico Delbonis. <mask> made back-to-back grand slam third rounds in 2014 French Open and 2014 Wimbledon Championships. At the 2014 US Open, he pull off an upset against world no.5 David Ferrer in reach the fourth round, where he was defeated by

masks: Simon Simon Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 eventual champion Marin Cilic in five sets. <mask> reached the final of the 2014 Shanghai Rolex Masters, upsetting Stan Wawrinka, Tomas Berdych and Feliciano Lopez. He lost to Roger Federer in two tight tiebreak sets.2015: 12th ATP title, Wimbledon quarterfinal & return to the top 10
<mask> started 2015 slowly, losing to James Duckworth in Brisbane. He made the third round of the 2015 Australian Open, where he was defeated by David Ferrer. He reached the quarterfinals of the 2015 Open Sud de France, losing to Jerzy Janowicz. He then snapped his 12-match losing streak against Andy Murray in the quarterfinals of the 2015 ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament. However, he was defeated by Tomas Berdych in the semifinals. A week later, he won his second title at the Open 13 tournament in Marseille by defeating compatriot Gael Monfils. He reached the fourth round at Roland Garros, losing to eventual champion Stan Wawrinka in straight sets.He later reached his second grand slam quarterfinal at Wimbledon, defeating Monfils and Berdych before losing to Roger Federer. In September, he made the final of the Moselle Open, where he was denied a third title at the tournament in a hard-fought final by Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, who took his third title at the tournament instead. 2016: Semifinals in Shanghai
<mask>, seeded no. 5, lost in the first round of the World Tour 250 Series event in Brisbane to unseeded Grigor Dimitrov to start the year. <mask> competed in the Australian Open, where he fell to World No. 1 Novak Djokovic in the 4th round, following a straight sets win against Federico Delbonis in the 3rd round. In March, <mask>


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 lost in the quarterfinals of the Miami Open to David Goffin, having beaten world no.11 Marin Čilić in the third round. He lost in the 3rd round of the Masters 1000 events in Monte Carlo and Madrid to Stan Wawrinka and Andy Murray respectively. <mask> lost to Viktor Troicki in the 3rd round of the French Open. That was the last ATP World Tour clay court tournament of the first half of the year. Unlike the first five months of the year, the grass court season did not yield much success for <mask>. Two grass-court warmup tournaments, Stuttgart and Queen's Club, saw premature defeats, both to much lower-ranked opponents. <mask>, seeded no.16, lost in the second round of Wimbledon to Grigor Dimitrov. After losing in the 3rd round to Rafael Nadal at the Olympics, <mask> (seeded no. 30) fell to Italian Paolo Lorenzi at the US Open in the second round. <mask>, seeded no. 4, lost to top seed Dominic Thiem in the semifinals of the Moselle Open. At the Shanghai Masters, the unseeded <mask> upset no. 3 seed Stan Wawrinka 6–4,6–4 in the third round before losing in the semifinals to Andy Murray in straight sets – it was one of the last matches of the year that Murray played as the world no.2 before he became world no. 1 three weeks later on 7 November. <mask> played his last ATP World Tour tournament of the year at the Paris Masters, where he upset no.10 seed Roberto Bautista Agut in the second round before losing to no.7 seed Tomáš Berdych in the third round. 2017: Finished year outside the Top 50 in singles, first time since 2005
At the Australian Open, <mask> (seeded no. 25) fell one round short of matching the

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 previous year's performance, bowing out in the third round to no. 3 seed and eventual quarter-finalist Milos Raonic. For the whole of 2017, he managed to progress beyond the round of 16 of the singles main draw in only two ATP World Tour tournaments – in Marseille (lost in the quarterfinals to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga) and Lyon (lost in the quarterfinals to Tomáš Berdych).At the Shanghai Masters, the unseeded <mask> upset no. 8 seed and world no. 10 David Goffin  7–6(4), 6–3 in the second round before losing to unseeded compatriot Richard Gasquet in three sets in the third round. <mask> managed just a 16–25 singles win-loss record and finished the year outside the Top 50 of the ATP singles rankings for the first time since 2005. 2018: Two ATP World Tour singles titles and first career doubles final
In the opening week of the 2018 ATP World Tour, <mask> won his 13th career ATP World Tour singles title and his first since the 2015 Open 13 in Marseille by defeating each of the top 3 seeds in the ATP World Tour 250 series tournament in Pune, India; he beat defending champion and third seed Roberto Bautista Agut in the second round, top seed Marin Čilić (ranked world No. 6 in the ATP singles rankings) in the semi-finals and Kevin Anderson 7–6(7–4), 6–2 in the final (it was his first victory against Anderson in their FedEx ATP Head2Head series, after losing their previous three matches). <mask> also reached his first career ATP World Tour doubles final in Pune; he and his French partner Pierre-Hugues Herbert lost in the doubles final to Robin Haase and Matwé Middelkoop.On 8 January (the first Monday after the end of the


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 Pune tournament), <mask>'s ATP singles ranking and ATP doubles ranking improved from world no. 89 (7 days earlier) to no. 57 and from world no. 824 (7 days earlier) to no. 300 respectively. <mask> lost his first round match against Jared Donaldson in straight sets in his next tournament, at the Sydney International. At the Australian Open, he was forced to retire from his second round match when he was trailing 2–6, 0–3 against the no.10 seed Pablo Carreño Busta because of an injury to his left thigh muscles that he had sustained the week before in Sydney. In the final of the Lyon Open against Dominic Thiem, <mask> won the first set 6–3 and failed to convert a break point while leading 4–2 in the second set; that was the turning point of the match and Thiem recovered to defeat <mask>  3–6, 7–6(7–2), 6–1. <mask> won his 14th ATP Tour singles title of his career in Metz, defeating Matthias Bachinger in the final. 2019: Second ATP final on grass
<mask> reached his second final on grass at the 2019 Queen's Club Championships where he lost to Feliciano Lopez in a tight three set match. 2020: Fifth semifinal at the Open 13, struggles in COVID season
<mask> was eliminated from the 2020 Australian Open by Nick Kyrgios and from the US Open by Taylor Fritz, both in the second rounds. He was also eliminated from the 2020 French Open by Denis Shapovalov in the first round. He reached the semifinal at the 2020 Open 13 in Marseille for the fifth time in his career with a win over top seed Daniil Medvedev in the quarterfinals before he was defeated by Felix Auger-Aliassime.He has won 29 matches at the tournament (29-11),

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 more triumphs than he has earned at any other event. 2021: Loss of form, Hiatus, return and continued struggles, out of top 100 in 15 years
<mask> began his 2021 season at the first edition of the Murray River Open. He lost in the second round to Jérémy Chardy. At the Australian Open, he was defeated in the first round by fifth seed Stefanos Tsitsipas. In Montpellier, <mask> was eliminated in his first-round match by Dennis Novak. After suffering that first-round defeat, he announced that he would be stepping away from the tour for an undetermined period of time because his heart wasn't in it and also for his Mental health. <mask> returned to action in April at the Sardegna Open.He was beaten in the second round by third seed and eventual champion, Lorenzo Sonego. On 19 July 2021, he fell out of the top 100 after 15 years, being there for 785 consecutive weeks in the top 100, having the sixth longest streak, that began back in January 2006 behind Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Fernando Verdasco, Richard Gasquet and Novak Djokovic. At the 2021 Kremlin Cup he reached the quarterfinals where he was defeated by Aslan Karatsev. It was the first time he won two ATP matches in a row and reached an ATP quarterfinal in a year. With this run <mask> improved his win-loss record to three matches shy of his 500 win. Coaching team and equipment
<mask> plays with a Head YouTek IG Prestige MP and 2009 Team series bag, both from Head, a brand which he has endorsed. His racquet is strung with Head IntelliTour 16 String.He is sponsored by Adidas for his clothing. In September 2012, <mask> parted ways with his longtime coach

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon


title: Eugene Lee Yang

texts:
<mask> (born January 18, 1986) is an American filmmaker, actor, producer, author, director, activist and internet celebrity, best known for being one-fourth of the YouTube group The Try Guys (2014–present) and his work with BuzzFeed (2013–2018). <mask> is also known for his work with various human rights and LGBTQ+ advocacy charities such as The Trevor Project. Early life and education
<mask>, the only son of South Korean immigrants <mask> (이민영) and <mask> (양재홍), was born and raised in Pflugerville, Texas. He is the middle child with two sisters, <mask> and <mask>. Growing up in Pflugerville, <mask>’s family was one of the few Asian Americans in their community. He struggled with body image issues and low self-esteem as, in his own words, no one looked like him, and suffered bullying due to his appearance. Early on, he lost his Texan accent by the prodding of his sister, who told him he might face difficulties getting into Ivy League schools.Initially, he was skeptical going into films, explaining that his doubts on getting mainstream acceptance stemmed from the lack of representation of Asian American in films and for being queer. "I was a very insecure, self-conscious kid, and as an artist even more so. I always assumed that my otherness was a curse — that I would be held back by my Asian and queer identities. My time online has shown me that the viewers will respond most to authentic storytelling. "At school, he engaged in artistic activities including visual arts, illustration, theater, choir, and dance. However, a seventh-grade teacher recommended that he should consider studying filmmaking. He later went to the University of Southern California and, during his studies, wrote and directed six short films discussing wide-ranging social and political topics, including mental health care, gay marriage, and school

masks:
Eugene Lee Yang
Eugene Lee Yang
Yang
Min yeong Lee
Jae hong Yang
Christie Yang
Whitney Yang
Yang


title: Eugene Lee Yang

texts:
 shootings.He graduated with a B.A. in cinema production in 2008. Career

Early career
After college, <mask> did freelance work producing music videos, and writing and filming commercials for five years. BuzzFeed
In 2013, he started working for the video branch of the internet media company, BuzzFeed, at the recommendation of a colleague who saw his potential in creating short format videos. He was given free control on experimental video productions and exploring new modes of storytelling. A few of his works were centered on stereotypes, body issues, and Asian American identity, producing If Disney Princes Were Real, which had earned over 70 million views, and Women’s Ideal Body Types Throughout History, which was viewed over 40 million times and remained one of the Buzzfeed's most watched, on YouTube. According to Glamour, "<mask>'s videos work because they're funny-with-a-message riffs on all-American cultural touchstones—like high school vs. college, awkward private moments, and, pet ownership.But he's also not afraid to tackle issues surrounding race—especially when it comes to the Asian American community." The Try Guys

Reaction to some of his early works was positive particularly on their distinct candor and reliability, which led to more provocative sketches such as The Try Guys, which was established in Buzzfeed in 2014, together with co-stars Ned Fulmer, Keith Habersberger, and Zach Kornfeld. The show is a mix of social commentary and humor depicting scenarios such as men going through labor pains and prostate cancer check at a doctor's office. The cast initially were hesitant about stepping out from behind the camera as they had limited experience being talents, but they continued producing videos for the show after receiving positive feedback. <mask> became a recognized name on social media, taking on

masks: Yang Yang Yang


title: Eugene Lee Yang

texts:
 challenges, such as the first season's first episode, "Guys Try Ladies' Underwear For the First Time". The New York Times considered him as the breakout star of The Try Guys. On June 16, 2018, he and the rest of the cast of The Try Guys announced that they had left BuzzFeed and established 2nd Try LLC, a company that they own and manage.The 2nd Try LLC gained all rights to The Try Guys brand. <mask> was the first of The Try Guys to leave Buzzfeed, as his contract was up before the other Try Guys. On May 4, 2019, The Try Guys announced that they were publishing a book called The Hidden Power of F*cking Up, which was published June 18, 2019, and became a New York Times Best Seller. In the same video, The Try Guys also announced their tour which took on a "'80s rock-band theme" and their podcast which is called the "Try-Pod". In October 2020, the Try Guys endorsed Joe Biden's 2020 presidential campaign. Television
In 2019, <mask> made a guest appearance on NBC sitcom Brooklyn Nine-Nine, portraying Theo Lorql. Themes

Asian American representation
<mask> advocates for equality, representation and diversity in his projects, tackling racial issues surrounding Asian American identity and the lack of interest in casting Asian American men as audiences are exposed to desexualized secondary roles or comedic sidekicks.The Buzzfeed video parody, Awkward Moments Only Asians Understand, in which he starred, listed a slew of racial stereotypes and daily microaggressions. Marcie Bianco wrote in her critique, "The microaggressions detailed in this BuzzFeed video don't have to do with the size of the Asian population, but rather highlight how stereotypes are perpetuated by generalizations. Perhaps sometimes useful shorthand, these generalizations turn into ugly and limiting stereotypes that foreclose the possibility of people knowing


title: Eugene Lee Yang

texts:
 each other as individuals." In another related video, If Asians Said the Stuff White People Say, in which he starred in together with Los Angeles-based writer and comedian <mask>, featured Asian Americans asking questions and comments to white characters that were considered uncomfortable for Asian Americans. In her review, Lauren Davidson wrote, "That's the first racist stereotype turned on its head in BuzzFeed Yellow's latest video, which shows, with that classic trick of role reversal, how ridiculous Asian typecasting has become." On March 17, 2017, he produced Asian Men Re-Create Iconic Underwear Ads, which explored the theme of Asian men as sexually inferior. The video recreated iconic ads of underwear using average Asian male models.LGBTQ
<mask> is the only openly gay member among the cast of The Try Guys, which also produced LGBTQ-themed videos such as season 1 episode 3 The Try Guys Try Drag for the First Time. On October 31, 2018, he published the video, My Dad’s First Drag Show (Featuring Kim Chi), where he adopted a similar approach into exploring drag culture by inviting his father and stepmother to a drag show. <mask> has adopted the drag queen persona named Cheyenne Pepper, and Mayhem Miller from season 10 of RuPaul's Drag Race is Pepper's drag mother. He also executive produced and hosted Buzzfeed's Queer Prom five-part video series that documented the journey of eight high school seniors who attended the company's first LGBTQ-themed prom together with other students. On October 11, 2018, commemorated as the 30th year of National Coming Out Day, he took over the website of the advocacy group Human Rights Campaign, publicly sharing his experience growing up as a young queer man and advocating for LGBTQ representation in the media. Furthermore, he collaborated with The Trevor Project, a non-profit LGBTQ

masks:
Jenny Yang
Yang
Yang


title: Eugene Lee Yang

texts:
 suicide prevention organization, to raise awareness on the incidence of suicide among LGBTQ youth and in inviting volunteers in the video Eugene Volunteers at the Trevor Project, which was posted on December 3, 2018. He previously referred to himself as "queer" and "LGBT".However, on June 15, 2019, <mask> explicitly came out as gay in a music video. Two days later, <mask> released an accompanying video documenting the creation of the video, his feelings, and his thoughts surrounding his coming out process. Personal life
On June 15, 2019, <mask> came out as gay in a YouTube video that has donated over $150,000 to The Trevor Project. Since 2012, he has been in a relationship with Matthew McLean. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards
<mask> won several awards with his work with The Try Guys. Additionally, on Jun 20, 2016, he was awarded Unforgettable 2015 Male Breakout Star of the Year. In October 2019, he was awarded the Human Rights Campaign's Visibility Award.In May 2020, he was given the Phenom Award for LGBTQ+ Activism from the Shorty Awards for his work with The Trevor Project, for whom he's hosted multiple fundraising events and raised over $120,000 through his coming out video. See also
 List of The Try Guys episodes

References

External links

1986 births
American male web series actors
American male actors of Korean descent
American film directors of Korean descent
Web series producers
People from Pflugerville, Texas
BuzzFeed people
American gay actors
LGBT American people of Asian descent
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American comedians
Living people
LGBT YouTubers
YouTubers from Texas
LGBT people from Texas
Male actors from Texas
Male bloggers
Male YouTubers
Streamy Award winners
Video bloggers
Comedy YouTubers
Film directors from Texas
Shorty Award winners
20th-century LGBT

masks: Yang Yang Yang Yang


title: Mikhail Budyko

texts:
<mask> (; 20 January 1920 – 10 December 2001) was a Soviet and Russian climatologist and one of the founders of physical climatology. He pioneered studies on global climate and calculated temperature of Earth considering simple physical model of equilibrium in which the incoming solar radiation absorbed by the Earth's system is balanced by the energy re-radiated to space as thermal energy. <mask>'s groundbreaking book, Heat Balance of the Earth's Surface, published in 1956, transformed climatology from a qualitative into a quantitative physical science. These new physical methods based on heat balance were quickly adopted by climatologists around the world. In 1963, Budyko directed the compilation of an atlas illustrating the components of the Earth's heat balance. Life
Ethnically Belarussian, Budyko earned his M.Sc. in 1942 from the Division of Physics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute.As a researcher at the Leningrad Geophysical Observatory, he received his doctorate in physical and mathematical sciences in 1951. Budyko served as deputy director of the Geophysical Observatory until 1954, as director until 1972, and as head of the Division for Physical Climatology at the observatory from 1972 until 1975. In that year he was appointed director of the Division for Climate Change Research at the State Hydrological Institute in Leningrad. Studies
He was the first researcher to discuss the Pleistocene megafauna extinction. Budyko published a study in 1969 outlining Arctic amplification, describing how Arctic sea ice decline affects Arctic temperatures due to the

masks:
Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko
Budyko


title: Mikhail Budyko

texts: ice–albedo feedback. The study attracted significant attention since it hinted at the possibility for a runaway positive feedback within the global climate system. In 1972, Budyko published forecasts focusing on Artic sea ice and global mean temperature extending out 100 years.He calculated that a few tenths of one percent increase in solar radiation input could melt the icecaps. <mask> reckoned that, as early as 2050, the Arctic Ocean's ice cover could be melted away entirely. His models showed that a 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 would melt all the polar ice, whereas a reduction of the gas by half "could lead to a complete glaciation of the Earth." For the period 1970 to 2019, <mask>'s model predicted an increase in the global mean temperature of  and the disappearance of about 50% of Arctic multiyear ice. Observations have since corroborated his figures, recording that mean global temperature increased by  over this period and that the extent of multiyear Arctic sea ice in September 2019 was about 46% smaller than in 1970. He predicted that Earth's mean global temperature would increase about  by 2070. In 1972, Budyko calculated that a mere few tenths of one percent increase in solar radiation input could melt the ice caps.Moreover, his models similarly indicated that a 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 would melt all the polar ice, whereas reduction of the gas by half "can lead to a complete glaciation of the Earth." Due to the rising use of fossil fuels, at some time "comparatively soon (probably not later than a hundred years)... a substantial rise in air

masks: Budyko Budyko


title: Mikhail Budyko

texts:
 temperature will take place." As early as 2050, Budyko calculated, the Arctic Ocean's ice cover could be melted away entirely. In 1987 <mask> together with Yuri Izrael published a study on anthropogenic climate change dealing with climate impact assessment, concluding that parts of the northern hemisphere would gain some benefit from climate change. However, near the end of his life in 1998 he gave a speech titled, "Global Climate Warming and its Consequence" when accepting the Blue Planet Prize 1998, and concluding, "On balance, it is very difficult to conclude with higher accuracy whether the projected global warming would be globally beneficial to human society or not." In 1990, Budyko was co-author of section five of the IPCC First Assessment Report, writing about equilibrium climate change and its implications for the future, and was a peer reviewer for the report. Climate engineering
Budyko is believed to have been the first, in 1974, to put forth the concept of artificial solar radiation management with stratospheric sulfate aerosols if global warming ever became a pressing issue.This climate engineering proposal has been dubbed "Budyko's Blanket" in his honor. Bibliography
Испарение в естественных условиях, Л., 1948;
Атлас теплового баланса, Л., 1955 (ред. );
Тепловой баланс земной поверхности, Л., 1956. Andronova, Natalia G<mask>, <mask>. In Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change, edited by Ted Munn, vol. 1. New York: Wiley, 2002.Dr. <mask><mask>. Profiles of the 1998 Blue Planet Prize Recipients. The Asahi Glass Foundation. 2001 [cited May 23, 2002].

masks:
Budyko
. Budyko
Mikhail Ivanovich
Mikhail I
. Budyko


title: Mikhail Budyko

texts:
 <mask>, M. I., G. S. Golitsyn, and Y. A. Izrael. Global Climatic Catastrophes. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1988.<mask>, M. I., Global Ecology. Progress Publisher Moscow, 1980
<mask>, M. I. and Y. A. Izrael., eds. Anthropogenic Climatic Change. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991. <mask>, M. I., A.B. Ronov, and A. L. Yanshin. History of the Earth's Atmosphere. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1987. <mask>, <mask>. "Global Climate Warming and its Consequence." Blue Planet Prize 1998 Commemorative Lectures . Ecology Symphony.October 30, 1998 [cited May 23, 2002]. References

External links
<mask><mask>'s Ice-Albedo Feedback Model
<mask>'s (1920–2001) contributions to Global Climate Science: from heat balances to climate change and global ecology
<mask> interviewed by Spencer Weart

1920 births
2001 deaths
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University alumni
Lenin Prize winners
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 4th class
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian people of Belarusian descent
Russian climatologists
Burials at Serafimovskoe

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. Budyko
Budyko
Budyko
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Mikhail I
Mikhail I
. Budyko
Mikhail Budyko
Mikhail Budyko


title: Stella Immanuel

texts:
<mask>el (born 1965) is a Cameroonian-American physician and pastor. In mid-2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, a video went viral on social media platforms in which <mask> said hydroxychloroquine can cure COVID-19, and that public health measures such as social distancing and the wearing of face masks are ineffective and unnecessary. The platforms removed <mask>'s videos and posts, which they said promote misinformation related to the pandemic. <mask> is also the founder of a charismatic religious organization called Fire Power Ministries; in her role as its founder, she has made fringe claims about other medical conditions, especially in relation to human sexuality. She has said endometriosis, infertility, miscarriages, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are caused by spirit spouses, and has also endorsed a number of conspiracy theories that include the involvement of space aliens and the Illuminati in manipulating society and government. <mask> emigrated to the United States after completing her medical education in Nigeria. , she practices at a private clinic in a strip mall in Texas.Early life and education

<mask>-Ambe Immanuel was born in 1965 in Cameroon. She recalled an interest in becoming a doctor from the age of four. <mask> attended Cameroon Protestant College, a secondary school in Bali, Cameroon. In 1990, she graduated from medical school at the University of Calabar in Nigeria, and in 1992, she moved to the United States. <mask> completed a pediatric residency at the Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center in New York City. Career

<mask> began her career at a pediatric clinic in Louisiana. In December 1998, she began practicing at the Southern Pediatric Clinic in Alexandria, Louisiana.In February 1999, she joined the General Pediatric Care Clinic as a pediatrician. In 2006, she owned the Rapha Medical and Therapeutic Clinic in

masks:
Stella Gwandiku Ambe Immanu
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Immanuel
Stella Gwandiku
Immanuel
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Immanuel


title: Stella Immanuel

texts:
 Louisiana. She is a registered physician in Texas and has an active medical license from the Texas Medical Board. The Texas Medical Board licensed Immanuel in November 2019 for pediatrics and emergency medicine with an address associated with Houston's Rehoboth Medical Center, which she also owns. <mask> is a pastor, founder of Fire Power Ministries, and host of a radio-and-television show entitled Fire Power. She is a self-described "wealth transfer coach" and has written several books as part of her Occupying Force series. She has been an outspoken supporter of U.S. president Donald Trump and a long-time critic of what she views as sexual immorality, including "unmarried couples living together, homosexuality, bestiality, polygamy" and what she calls "homosexual terrorism".According to Concordia University theological studies professor André Gagné, Immanuel's beliefs originate in African Pentecostalism and the charismatic movement. A January 2020 medical malpractice lawsuit filed against Immanuel alleged that a 37-year-old woman died after Immanuel failed to remove a needle fragment from her arm. According to the lawsuit, the woman told Immanuel that the broken needle had lodged in her arm while injecting methamphetamine. Immanuel prescribed medication but did not take X-rays or attempt to retrieve the needle. It was removed later, by a different physician, after a flesh-eating infection had developed. In April 2020, local deputies were unable to serve notice of the Louisiana suit because Immanuel had moved to Houston, where she set up a new practice in a strip mall. Medical and other claims

Immanuel's medical claims are sometimes combined with her spiritual beliefs: she believes many gynecological illnesses are the result of having sex dreams with succubi and incubi, and receiving demon sperm; and that endometriosis, infertility,


title: Stella Immanuel

texts:
 miscarriages, and sexually transmitted infections are caused by spirit spouses.In a 2015 sermon, <mask> said space alien DNA is used in medical treatments and that "reptilian spirits" and other extraterrestrials run the U.S. government. The same year, she also said Illuminati are using witches to destroy the world through abortion, gay marriage, children's toys, and media, including Harry Potter, Pokémon, Wizards of Waverly Place and Hannah Montana. In another 2015 sermon, she said scientists are developing vaccines to stop people from being religious. COVID-19 misinformation

On July 27, 2020, <mask> appeared in a Tea Party Patriots-backed press event that was organized by the group "America's Frontline Doctors" in front of the steps of the U.S. Supreme Court Building. She said she had cured COVID-19 in 350 patients at her clinic using a combination of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and zinc , and that public health measures such as the wearing of facial coverings and social distancing are unnecessary. Republican representative Ralph Norman from South Carolina attended the event. The far-right website Breitbart News published the press event's video.On October 15, 2021, the Texas medical board took corrective action against Immanuel over her hydroxychloroquine prescription for COVID patient. In the decision, the board ordered Immanuel to submit proof of informed consent, or permission given by a patient who understands the possible health outcomes, for all of the off-label treatments she provides. She also was ordered to pay a $500 fine to the medical board. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had earlier removed the emergency use authorization for the antimalarial medication hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19; the FDA said the drug had not been proven to be an effective treatment for the disease. The video was viewed millions of

masks: Immanuel Immanuel


title: Stella Immanuel

texts:
 times, and was retweeted by President Trump and his son Donald Trump Jr., before it was removed from Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube because it broke their rules on misinformation. At a press conference on July 28, President Trump was asked why he would trust Immanuel in the context of her claims about alien DNA and its supposed use in medicine; Trump defended Immanuel, saying, "I thought she was very impressive, in the sense that, from where she came—I don't know what country she comes from—but she said she's had tremendous success with hundreds of different patients. I thought her voice was an important voice, but I know nothing about her."After being pressed further, Trump abruptly ended the briefing. After her content was removed from Facebook, <mask> expressed her frustration on Twitter, saying, "Hello Facebook put back my profile page and videos up or your computers with  start crashing till you do. You are not bigger that  God. I promise you. If my page is not back up face book  will be down in Jesus  name." She later posted a tweet accusing technology companies of censorship; that content was also removed from the platform. In July 2021, she sued CNN and specifically Anderson Cooper, saying that their coverage of her in 2020 had defamed her.Notes

References

External links

1965 births
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women physicians
21st-century American physicians
21st-century American women writers
21st-century Cameroonian women writers
American Christian writers
American conspiracy theorists
Anti-same-sex-marriage activists
Cameroonian Christians
Cameroonian emigrants to the United States
Cameroonian pediatricians
University of Calabar alumni
Women Christian religious leaders
Women pediatricians
Women religious writers
COVID-19 conspiracy theorists
Illuminati conspiracy


title: John Wesley

texts: <mask> (; 2 March 1791) was an English cleric, theologian, and evangelist, who was a leader of a revival movement within the Church of England known as Methodism. The societies he founded became the dominant form of the independent Methodist movement that continues to this day. Educated at Charterhouse and Christ Church, Oxford, <mask> was elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, in 1726 and ordained as an Anglican priest two years later. At Oxford, he led the "Holy Club", a society formed for the purpose of the study and the pursuit of a devout Christian life; it had been founded by his brother Charles and counted George Whitefield among its members. After an unsuccessful ministry of two years, serving at Christ Church, in the Georgia colony of Savannah, he returned to London and joined a religious society led by Moravian Christians. On 24 May 1738, he experienced what has come to be called his evangelical conversion, when he felt his "heart strangely warmed". He subsequently left the Moravians and began his own ministry.A key step in the development of <mask>'s ministry was, like Whitefield, to travel and preach outdoors. In contrast to Whitefield's Calvinism, <mask> embraced Arminian doctrines. Moving across Great Britain and Ireland, he helped form and organise small Christian groups (societies) that developed intensive and personal accountability, discipleship, and religious instruction. He appointed itinerant, unordained evangelists – both women and men – to care for these groups of people. Under <mask>'s direction, Methodists became leaders in many social issues of the day, including the abolition of slavery and prison reform.

masks:
John Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts:
 Although he was not a systematic theologian, <mask> argued for the notion of Christian perfection and against Calvinism—and, in particular, against its doctrine of predestination. His evangelicalism, firmly grounded in sacramental theology, maintained that means of grace sometimes had a role in sanctification of the believer; however, he taught that it was by faith a believer was transformed into the likeness of Christ.He held that, in this life, Christians could achieve a state where the love of God "reigned supreme in their hearts", giving them not only outward but inward holiness. <mask>'s teachings, collectively known as Wesleyan theology, continue to inform the doctrine of Methodist churches. Throughout his life, <mask> remained within the established Church of England, insisting that the Methodist movement lay well within its tradition. In his early ministry years,  <mask> was barred from preaching in many parish churches and the Methodists were persecuted; he later became widely respected, and by the end of his life, was described as "the best-loved man in England". Early life

<mask> was born in 1703 in Epworth, 23 miles (37 km) north-west of Lincoln, as the fifteenth child of <mask> and his wife Susanna <mask> (née Annesley). <mask> was a graduate of the University of Oxford and a poet who, from 1696, was rector of Epworth. He married Susanna, the twenty-fifth child of Samuel Annesley, a dissenting minister, in 1689.Ultimately, she bore nineteen children, of which nine lived beyond infancy. She and <mask> had become members of the Church of England as young adults. As in many families at the time, <mask>'s parents gave their

masks:
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
John Wesley
Samuel Wesley
Wesley
Samuel Wesley
Samuel Wesley
Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts: children their early education. Each child, including the girls, was taught to read as soon as they could walk and talk. They were expected to become proficient in Latin and Greek and to have learned major portions of the New Testament by heart. Susanna <mask> examined each child before the midday meal and before evening prayers. The children were not allowed to eat between meals and were interviewed singly by their mother one evening each week for the purpose of intensive spiritual instruction.In 1714, at age 11, <mask> was sent to the Charterhouse School in London (under the mastership of <mask> from 1715), where he lived the studious, methodical and, for a while, religious life in which he had been trained at home. Apart from his disciplined upbringing, a rectory fire which occurred on 9 February 1709, when <mask> was five years old, left an indelible impression. Some time after 11:00 pm, the rectory roof caught on fire. Sparks falling on the children's beds and cries of "fire" from the street roused the <mask>s who managed to shepherd all their children out of the house except for <mask> who was left stranded on an upper floor. With stairs aflame and the roof about to collapse, <mask> was lifted out of a window by a parishioner standing on another man's shoulders. <mask> later used the phrase, "a brand plucked out of the fire", quoting Zechariah 3:2, to describe the incident. This childhood deliverance subsequently became part of the <mask> legend, attesting to his special destiny and extraordinary work.<mask> was also influenced by the reported haunting of Epworth Rectory between 1716 and 1717. The <mask> family reported frequently

masks:
Wesley
Wesley
John King
Wesley
Wesley
John
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts:
 hearing noises and occasionally seeing apparitions which they believed were caused by a ghost called 'Old Jeffery'. Education

In June 1720, <mask> entered Christ Church, Oxford. After graduating in 1724, <mask> stayed on at Christ Church to study for his master's degree. He was ordained a deacon on 25 September 1725—holy orders being a necessary step toward becoming a fellow and tutor at the university. On 17 March 1726, <mask> was unanimously elected a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. This carried with it the right to a room at the college and regular salary.While continuing his studies, he taught Greek and philosophy, lectured on the New Testament and moderated daily disputations at the university. However, a call to ministry intruded upon his academic career. In August 1727, after completing his master's degree, <mask> returned to Epworth. His father had requested his assistance in serving the neighbouring cure of Wroot. Ordained a priest on 22 September 1728, <mask> served as a parish curate for two years. In the year of his ordination he read Thomas à Kempis and Jeremy Taylor, showed his interest in mysticism, and began to seek the religious truths which underlay the great revival of the 18th century. The reading of William Law's Christian Perfection and A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life gave him, he said, a more sublime view of the law of God; and he resolved to keep it, inwardly and outwardly, as sacredly as possible, believing that in obedience he would find salvation.He pursued a rigidly methodical and abstemious life, studied Scripture, and performed his religious duties diligently, depriving himself so that he would have

masks: Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts:
 alms to give. He began to seek after holiness of heart and life. <mask> returned to Oxford in November 1729 at the request of the Rector of Lincoln College and to maintain his status as junior fellow. Holy Club

During <mask>'s absence, his younger brother Charles (1707–88) matriculated at Christ Church. Along with two fellow students, he formed a small club for the purpose of study and the pursuit of a devout Christian life. On <mask>'s return, he became the leader of the group which increased somewhat in number and greatly in commitment. The group met daily from six until nine for prayer, psalms, and reading of the Greek New Testament.They prayed every waking hour for several minutes and each day for a special virtue. While the church's prescribed attendance was only three times a year, they took Communion every Sunday. They fasted on Wednesdays and Fridays until nones (3:00 pm) as was commonly observed in the ancient church. In 1730, the group began the practice of visiting prisoners in gaol. They preached, educated, and relieved gaoled debtors whenever possible, and cared for the sick. Given the low ebb of spirituality in Oxford at that time, it was not surprising that <mask>'s group provoked a negative reaction. They were considered to be religious "enthusiasts", which in the context of the time meant religious fanatics.University wits styled them the "Holy Club", a title of derision. Currents of opposition became a furore following the mental breakdown and death of a group member, William Morgan. In response to the charge that "rigorous fasting" had hastened his death, <mask> noted that Morgan had left off fasting a year and a half


title: John Wesley

texts:
 since. In the same letter, which was widely circulated, <mask> referred to the name "Methodist" with which "some of our neighbors are pleased to compliment us." That name was used by an anonymous author in a published pamphlet (1732) describing <mask> and his group, "The Oxford Methodists". This ministry, however, was not without controversy. The Holy Club ministered and maintained support for Thomas Blair who in 1732 was found guilty for sodomy.Blair was notorious among the townspeople and his fellow prisoners, and <mask> continued to support him. For all of his outward piety, <mask> sought to cultivate his inner holiness or at least his sincerity as evidence of being a true Christian. A list of "General Questions" which he developed in 1730 evolved into an elaborate grid by 1734 in which he recorded his daily activities hour-by-hour, resolutions he had broken or kept, and ranked his hourly "temper of devotion" on a scale of 1 to 9. <mask> also regarded the contempt with which he and his group were held to be a mark of a true Christian. As he put it in a letter to his father, "Till he be thus contemned, no man is in a state of salvation." Journey to Savannah, Georgia

On 14 October 1735, <mask> and his brother Charles sailed on The Simmonds from Gravesend in Kent for Savannah in the Province of Georgia in the American colonies at the request of James Oglethorpe, who had founded the colony in 1733 on behalf of the Trustees for the Establishment of the Colony of Georgia in America. Oglethorpe wanted <mask> to be the minister of the newly formed Savannah parish, a new town laid out in accordance with the famous Oglethorpe Plan.It was on the

masks: Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts: voyage to the colonies that the <mask>s first came into contact with Moravian settlers. <mask> was influenced by their deep faith and spirituality rooted in pietism. At one point in the voyage a storm came up and broke the mast off the ship. While the English panicked, the Moravians calmly sang hymns and prayed. This experience led <mask> to believe that the Moravians possessed an inner strength which he lacked. The deeply personal religion that the Moravian pietists practised heavily influenced <mask> and is reflected in his theology of Methodism. <mask> arrived in the colony in February 1736, and lived for a year at the parsonage that stood on the site of today's Oliver Sturges House.He approached the Georgia mission as a High churchman, seeing it as an opportunity to revive "primitive Christianity" in a primitive environment. Although his primary goal was to evangelise the Native American people, a shortage of clergy in the colony largely limited his ministry to European settlers in Savannah. While his ministry has often been judged to have been a failure in comparison to his later success as a leader in the Evangelical Revival, <mask> gathered around him a group of devoted Christians, who met in a number of small group religious societies. At the same time, attendance at Communion increased over the course of nearly two years in which he served as Christ Church's parish priest. Nonetheless, <mask>'s High Church ministry was controversial among the colonists and it ended in disappointment after <mask> fell in love with a young woman named Sophia (or Sophy) Hopkey. He hesitated to marry her because he felt that his first priority in

masks: Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts:
 Georgia was to be a missionary to the Native Americans, and he was interested in the practice of clerical celibacy within early Christianity. Following her marriage to William Williamson, <mask> believed Sophia's former zeal for practising the Christian faith declined.In strictly applying the rubrics of the Book of Common Prayer, <mask> denied her Communion after she failed to signify to him in advance her intention of taking it. As a result, legal proceedings against him ensued in which a clear resolution seemed unlikely. On 22 December 1737, <mask> fled the colony and returned to England. It has been widely recognised that one of the most significant accomplishments of <mask>'s Georgia mission was his publication of a Collection of Psalms and Hymns. The Collection was the first Anglican hymnal published in America, and the first of many hymn-books <mask> published. It included five hymns he translated from German. <mask>'s "Aldersgate experience"

<mask> returned to England depressed and beaten.It was at this point that he turned to the Moravians. Both he and Charles received counsel from the young Moravian missionary Peter Boehler, who was temporarily in England awaiting permission to depart for Georgia himself. <mask>'s noted "Aldersgate experience" of 24 May 1738, at a Moravian meeting in Aldersgate Street, London, in which he heard a reading of Martin Luther's preface to the Epistle to the Romans, revolutionised the character and method of his ministry. The previous week he had been highly impressed by the sermon of <mask>, whom he was assisting in the service at St Mary le Strand. Earlier that day, he had heard the choir at St Paul's

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Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
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title: John Wesley

texts:
 Cathedral singing Psalm 130, where the Psalmist calls to God "Out of the depths." But it was still a depressed <mask> who attended a service on the evening of 24 May. <mask> recounted his Aldersgate experience in his journal:
"In the evening I went very unwillingly to a society in Aldersgate Street, where one was reading Luther's Preface to the Epistle to the Romans.About a quarter before nine, while he was describing the change which God works in the heart through faith in Christ, I felt my heart strangely warmed. I felt I did trust in Christ, Christ alone for salvation, and an assurance was given me that he had taken away my sins, even mine, and saved me from the law of sin and death." A few weeks later, <mask> preached a sermon on the doctrine of personal salvation by faith, which was followed by another, on God's grace "free in all, and free for all." Considered a pivotal moment, Daniel L. Burnett writes: "The significance of <mask>'s Aldersgate Experience is monumental ... Without it, the names of <mask> and Methodism would likely be nothing more than obscure footnotes in the pages of church history." Burnett describes this event <mask>'s "Evangelical Conversion". It is commemorated in Methodist churches as Aldersgate Day.After Aldersgate: Working with the Moravians

<mask> allied himself with the Moravian society in Fetter Lane. In 1738 he went to Herrnhut, the Moravian headquarters in Germany, to study. On his return to England, <mask> drew up rules for the "bands" into which the Fetter Lane Society was divided and published a collection of hymns for them. He met frequently with this and other religious societies in London but did


title: John Wesley

texts:
 not preach often in 1738, because most of the parish churches were closed to him. <mask>'s Oxford friend, the evangelist George Whitefield, was also excluded from the churches of Bristol upon his return from America. Going to the neighbouring village of Kingswood, in February 1739, Whitefield preached in the open air to a company of miners. Later he preached in Whitefield's Tabernacle.<mask> hesitated to accept Whitefield's call to copy this bold step. Overcoming his scruples, he preached the first time at Whitefield's invitation a sermon in the open air, near Bristol, in April 1739. <mask> wrote,
I could scarce reconcile myself to this strange way of preaching in the fields, of which he [Whitefield] set me an example on Sunday; having been all my life till very lately so tenacious of every point relating to decency and order, that I should have thought the saving of souls almost a sin if it had not been done in a church. <mask> was unhappy about the idea of field preaching as he believed Anglican liturgy had much to offer in its practice. Earlier in his life he would have thought that such a method of saving souls was "almost a sin." He recognised the open-air services were successful in reaching men and women who would not enter most churches. From then on he took the opportunities to preach wherever an assembly could be brought together, more than once using his father's tombstone at Epworth as a pulpit.<mask> continued for fifty years—entering churches when he was invited, and taking his stand in the fields, in halls, cottages, and chapels, when the churches would not receive him. Late in 1739 <mask> broke with the Moravians in London.

masks: Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts:
 <mask> had helped them organise the Fetter Lane Society, and those converted by his preaching and that of his brother and Whitefield had become members of their bands. But he believed they fell into heresy by supporting quietism, so he decided to form his own followers into a separate society. "Thus," he wrote, "without any previous plan, began the Methodist Society in England." He soon formed similar societies in Bristol and Kingswood, and <mask> and his friends made converts wherever they went. Persecutions and lay preaching
From 1739 onward, <mask> and the Methodists were persecuted by clergy and religious magistrates for various reasons.Though <mask> had been ordained an Anglican priest, many other Methodist leaders had not received ordination. And for his own part, <mask> flouted many regulations of the Church of England concerning parish boundaries and who had authority to preach. This was seen as a social threat that disregarded institutions. Clergy attacked them in sermons and in print, and at times mobs attacked them. <mask> and his followers continued to work among the neglected and needy. They were denounced as promulgators of strange doctrines, fomenters of religious disturbances; as blind fanatics, leading people astray, claiming miraculous gifts, attacking the clergy of the Church of England, and trying to re-establish Catholicism. <mask> felt that the church failed to call sinners to repentance, that many of the clergy were corrupt, and that people were perishing in their sins.He believed he was commissioned by God to bring about revival in the church, and no opposition, persecution, or obstacles could prevail against the


title: John Wesley

texts:
 divine urgency and authority of this commission. The prejudices of his High-church training, his strict notions of the methods and proprieties of public worship, his views of the apostolic succession and the prerogatives of the priest, even his most cherished convictions, were not allowed to stand in the way. Seeing that he and the few clergy co-operating with him could not do the work that needed to be done, <mask> was led, as early as 1739, to approve local preachers. He evaluated and approved men who were not ordained by the Anglican Church to preach and do pastoral work. This expansion of lay preachers was one of the keys of the growth of Methodism. Chapels and organisations

As his societies needed houses to worship in, <mask> began to provide chapels, first in Bristol at the New Room, then in London (first The Foundery and then Wesley's Chapel) and elsewhere. The Foundery was an early chapel used by <mask>.The location of the Foundery is shown on an 18th-century map, where it rests between Tabernacle Street and Worship Street in the Moorfields area of London. When the <mask>s spotted the building atop Windmill Hill, north of Finsbury Fields, the structure which previously cast brass guns and mortars for the Royal Ordnance had been sitting vacant for 23 years; it had been abandoned because of an explosion on 10 May 1716. The Bristol chapel (built in 1739) was at first in the hands of trustees. A large debt was contracted, and <mask>'s friends urged him to keep it under his own control, so the deed was cancelled and he became sole trustee. Following this precedent, all Methodist chapels were committed in trust to him until by a "deed of


title: John Wesley

texts: declaration", all his interests in them were transferred to a body of preachers called the "Legal Hundred". When disorder arose among some members of the societies, <mask> adopted giving tickets to members, with their names written by his own hand. These were renewed every three months.Those deemed unworthy did not receive new tickets and dropped out of the society without disturbance. The tickets were regarded as commendatory letters. When the debt on a chapel became a burden, it was proposed that one in 12 members should collect offerings regularly from the 11 allotted to him. Out of this grew the Methodist class-meeting system in 1742. To keep the disorderly out of the societies, <mask> established a probationary system. He undertook to visit each society regularly in what became the quarterly visitation, or conference. As the number of societies increased, <mask> could not keep personal contact, so in 1743 he drew up a set of "General Rules" for the "United Societies".These were the nucleus of the Methodist Discipline, still the basis. <mask> laid the foundations of what now constitutes the organisation of the Methodist Church. Over time, a shifting pattern of societies, circuits, quarterly meetings, annual conferences, classes, bands, and select societies took shape. At the local level, there were numerous societies of different sizes which were grouped into circuits to which travelling preachers were appointed for two-year periods. Circuit officials met quarterly under a senior travelling preacher or "assistant." Conferences with <mask>, travelling preachers and others were convened annually for the purpose of co-ordinating doctrine


title: John Wesley

texts: and discipline for the entire connection. Classes of a dozen or so society members under a leader met weekly for spiritual fellowship and guidance.In early years, there were "bands" of the spiritually gifted who consciously pursued perfection. Those who were regarded to have achieved it were grouped in select societies or bands. In 1744, there were 77 such members. There also was a category of penitents which consisted of backsliders. As the number of preachers and preaching-houses increased, doctrinal and administrative matters needed to be discussed; so <mask> and <mask>, along with four other clergy and four lay preachers, met for consultation in London in 1744. This was the first Methodist conference; subsequently, the Conference (with <mask> as its president) became the ruling body of the Methodist movement. Two years later, to help preachers work more systematically and societies receive services more regularly, <mask> appointed "helpers" to definitive circuits.Each circuit included at least 30 appointments a month. Believing that the preacher's efficiency was promoted by his being changed from one circuit to another every year or two, <mask> established the "itinerancy" and insisted that his preachers submit to its rules. <mask> had strong links with the North West of England, visiting Manchester on at least fifteen occasions between 1733 and 1790. In 1733 and 1738 he preached at St Ann's Church and Salford Chapel, meeting with his friend <mask>. In 1781 <mask> opened the chapel on Oldham Street—part of the Manchester and Salford Wesleyan Methodist Mission, now the site of Manchester's Methodist Central Hall. Following an illness in

masks:
John
Charles Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
John Wesley
John Clayton
Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts:
 1748 <mask> was nursed by a classleader and housekeeper, Grace Murray, at an orphan house in Newcastle. Taken with Grace, he invited her to travel with him to Ireland in 1749 where he believed them to be betrothed though they were never married.It has been suggested that his brother <mask> objected to the engagement, though this is disputed. Subsequently, Grace married <mask>, a preacher. Ordination of ministers

As the societies multiplied, they adopted the elements of an ecclesiastical system. The divide between <mask> and the Church of England widened. The question of division from the Church of England was urged by some of his preachers and societies, but most strenuously opposed by his brother Charles. <mask> refused to leave the Church of England, believing that Anglicanism was "with all her blemishes, [...] nearer the Scriptural plans than any other in Europe". In 1745 <mask> wrote that he would make any concession which his conscience permitted, to live in peace with the clergy.He could not give up the doctrine of an inward and present salvation by faith itself; he would not stop preaching, nor dissolve the societies, nor end preaching by lay members. In the same year, in correspondence with a friend, he wrote that he believed it wrong to administer sacraments without having been ordained by a bishop. When, in 1746, <mask> read Lord King's account of the primitive church, he became convinced that apostolic succession could be transmitted through not only bishops, but also presbyters (priests). He wrote that he was "a scriptural episkopos as much as many men in England." Although he believed in apostolic succession, he also once

masks:
John Wesley
Charles Wesley
John Bennett
Wesley
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Wesley
Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts: called the idea of uninterrupted succession a "fable". Edward Stillingfleet's Irenicon led him to decide that ordination (and holy orders) could be valid when performed by a presbyter rather than a bishop. Nevertheless, some believe that <mask> was secretly consecrated a bishop in 1763 by Erasmus of Arcadia, and that <mask> could not openly announce his episcopal consecration without incurring the penalty of the Præmunire Act.In 1784, he believed he could no longer wait for the Bishop of London to ordain someone for the American Methodists, who were without the sacraments after the American War of Independence. The Church of England had been disestablished in the United States, where it had been the state church in most of the southern colonies. The Church of England had not yet appointed a United States bishop to what would become the Protestant Episcopal Church in America. <mask> ordained Thomas Coke as superintendent of Methodists in the United States by the laying on of hands, although Coke was already a priest in the Church of England. He also ordained Richard Whatcoat and Thomas Vasey as presbyters; Whatcoat and Vasey sailed to America with Coke. <mask> intended that Coke and Francis Asbury (whom Coke ordained as superintendent by direction of <mask>) should ordain others in the newly founded Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. In 1787, Coke and Asbury persuaded the American Methodists to refer to them as bishops rather than superintendents, overruling <mask>'s objections to the change.His brother, Charles, was alarmed by the ordinations and <mask>'s evolving view of the matter. He begged <mask> to stop before he had


title: John Wesley

texts:
 "quite broken down the bridge" and not embitter his [Charles'] last moments on earth, nor "leave an indelible blot on our memory." <mask> replied that he had not separated from the church, nor did he intend to, but he must and would save as many souls as he could while alive, "without being careful about what may possibly be when I die." Although <mask> rejoiced that the Methodists in America were free, he advised his English followers to remain in the established church. Doctrines, theology and advocacy

The 20th-century Wesleyan scholar Albert Outler argued in his introduction to the 1964 collection <mask> that <mask> developed his theology  by using a method that Outler termed the Wesleyan Quadrilateral. In this method, <mask> believed that the living core of Christianity was contained in Scripture (the Bible), and that it was the sole foundational source of theological development. The centrality of Scripture was so important for <mask> that he called himself "a man of one book," although he was well-read for his day.However, he believed that doctrine had to be in keeping with Christian orthodox tradition. So, tradition was considered the second aspect of the Quadrilateral. <mask> contended that a part of the theological method would involve experiential faith. In other words, truth would be vivified in personal experience of Christians (overall, not individually), if it were really truth. And every doctrine must be able to be defended rationally. He did not divorce faith from reason. Tradition, experience and reason, however, were subject always to Scripture, <mask> argued, because only there is the Word of God revealed "so far as it is

masks:
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John Wesley
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texts: necessary for our salvation."The doctrines which <mask> emphasised in his sermons and writings are prevenient grace, present personal salvation by faith, the witness of the Spirit, and entire sanctification. Prevenient grace was the theological underpinning of his belief that all persons were capable of being saved by faith in Christ. Unlike the Calvinists of his day, <mask> did not believe in predestination, that is, that some persons had been elected by God for salvation and others for damnation. He understood that Christian orthodoxy insisted that salvation was only possible by the sovereign grace of God. He expressed his understanding of humanity's relationship to God as utter dependence upon God's grace. God was at work to enable all people to be capable of coming to faith by empowering humans to have actual existential freedom of response to God. <mask> defined the witness of the Spirit as: "an inward impression on the soul of believers, whereby the Spirit of God directly testifies to their spirit that they are the children of God."He based this doctrine upon certain Biblical passages (see  as an example). This doctrine was closely related to his belief that salvation had to be "personal." In his view, a person must ultimately believe the Good News for himself or herself; no one could be in relation to God for another. Entire sanctification he described in 1790 as the "grand depositum which God has lodged with the people called 'Methodists'." <mask> taught that entire sanctification was obtainable after justification by faith, between justification and death. <mask> defined it as:"That habitual disposition of soul which, in the sacred


title: John Wesley

texts:
 writings, is termed holiness; and which directly implies, the being cleansed from sin, ‘from all filthiness both of flesh and spirit;’ and, by consequence, the being endued with those virtues which were in Christ Jesus; the being so ‘renewed in the image of our mind,’ as to be ‘perfect as our Father in heaven is perfect. "The term “sinless perfection” was one which <mask> avoided using "because of its ambiguity," rather, he contended that a Christian could be made "perfect in love".(<mask> studied Eastern Orthodoxy and embraced particularly the doctrine of Theosis). This love would mean, first of all, that a believer's motives, rather than being self-centred, would be guided by the deep desire to please God. One would be able to keep from committing what <mask> called, "sin rightly so-called." By this he meant a conscious or intentional breach of God's will or laws. Secondly, to be made perfect in love meant, for <mask>, that a Christian could live with a primary guiding regard for others and their welfare. He based this on Christ's quote that the second great command is "to love your neighbour as you love yourself." In <mask>'s view, this orientation would cause a person to avoid any number of sins against his neighbour.This love, plus the love for God that could be the central focus of a person's faith, would be what <mask> referred to as "a fulfilment of the law of Christ." He maintained that individuals could have assurance of perfection, akin to a second conversion or instantaneous sanctifying experience, through the testimony of the Spirit. <mask> collected and published such testimonies. Advocacy of Arminianism

<mask> entered


title: John Wesley

texts: controversies as he tried to enlarge church practice. The most notable of his controversies was that on Calvinism. His father was of the Arminian school in the church. <mask> came to his own conclusions while in college and expressed himself strongly against the doctrines of Calvinistic election and reprobation.His system of thought has become known as Wesleyan Arminianism, the foundations of which were laid by <mask> and his fellow preacher <mask> Fletcher. Although <mask> knew very little about the beliefs of Jacob Arminius and arrived at his religious views independently of Arminius, <mask> acknowledged late in life, with the 1778 publication of The Arminian Magazine, that he and Arminius were in general agreement. Theology Professor W. Stephen Gunther concludes he was "a faithful representative" of Arminius' beliefs. <mask> was perhaps the clearest English proponent of Arminianism. By contrast, Whitefield inclined to Calvinism; in his first tour in America, he embraced the views of the New England School of Calvinism. Whitefield opposed <mask>'s advocacy of Arminianism, though the two maintained a strained friendship. When in 1739 <mask> preached a sermon on Freedom of Grace, attacking the Calvinistic understanding of predestination as blasphemous, as it represented "God as worse than the devil," Whitefield asked him not to repeat or publish the discourse, as he did not want a dispute.<mask> published his sermon anyway. Whitefield was one of many who responded. The two men separated their practice in 1741. <mask> wrote that those who held to unlimited atonement did not desire separation, but "those who held 'particular redemption' would

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John William
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texts:
 not hear of any accommodation." Whitefield, Howell Harris (leader of the Welsh Methodist revival), <mask>, and others, became the founders of Calvinistic Methodism. Whitefield and <mask>, however, were soon back on friendly terms, and their friendship remained unbroken although they travelled different paths. When someone asked Whitefield if he thought he would see <mask> in heaven, Whitefield replied, "I fear not, for he will be so near the eternal throne and we at such a distance, we shall hardly get sight of him."In 1770, the controversy broke out anew with violence and bitterness, as people's view of God related to their views of men and their possibilities. Augustus Toplady, Daniel Rowland, Sir Richard Hill and others were engaged on one side, while <mask> and Fletcher stood on the other. Toplady was editor of The Gospel Magazine, which had articles covering the controversy. In 1778, <mask> began the publication of The Arminian Magazine, not, he said, to convince Calvinists, but to preserve Methodists. He wanted to teach the truth that "God willeth all men to be saved." A "lasting peace" could be secured in no other way. Support for abolitionism

Later in his ministry, <mask> was a keen abolitionist, speaking out and writing against the slave trade.<mask> denounced slavery as "the sum of all villainies," and detailed its abuses. He addressed the slave trade in a polemical tract, titled Thoughts Upon Slavery, in 1774. He wrote, "Liberty is the right of every human creature, as soon as he breathes the vital air; and no human law can deprive him of that right which he derives from the law of nature". <mask> influenced George Whitefield to

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John Cennick
Wesley
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texts:
 journey to the colonies, spurring the transatlantic debate on slavery. <mask> was a mentor to William Wilberforce, who was also influential in the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. It is thanks to <mask>'s abolitionist message that a young African American, Richard Allen, converted to Christianity in 1777 and later founded, in 1816, the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), in the Methodist tradition. Support for women preachers
Women had an active role in <mask>'s Methodism, and were encouraged to lead classes.In 1761, he informally allowed Sarah Crosby, one of his converts and a class leader, to preach. On an occasion where over 200 people attended a class she was meant to teach, Crosby felt as though she could not fulfill her duties as a class leader given the large crowd, and decided to preach instead. She wrote to <mask> to seek his advice and forgiveness. He let Crosby to continue her preaching so long as she refrained from as many of the mannerisms of preaching as she could. Between 1761 and 1771, <mask> wrote detailed instructions to Crosby and others, with specifics on what styles of preaching they could use. For instance, in 1769, <mask> allowed Crosby to give exhortations. In the summer of 1771, Mary Bosanquet wrote to <mask> to defend hers and Sarah Crosby's work preaching and leading classes at her orphanage, Cross Hall.Bosanquet's letter is considered to be the first full and true defense of women's preaching in Methodism. Her argument was that women should be able to preach when they experienced an 'extraordinary call,' or when given permission from God. <mask> accepted Bosanquet's argument, and formally began to

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Wesley
Wesley
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John Wesley
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texts:
 allow women to preach in Methodism in 1771. Personality and activities

<mask> travelled widely, generally on horseback, preaching two or three times each day. Stephen Tomkins writes that "[<mask>] rode 250,000 miles, gave away 30,000 pounds, ... and preached more than 40,000 sermons... " He formed societies, opened chapels, examined and commissioned preachers, administered aid charities, prescribed for the sick, helped to pioneer the use of electric shock for the treatment of illness, and superintended orphanages and schools (including Kingswood School). <mask> practised a vegetarian diet and in later life abstained from wine for health reasons. He wrote, "thanks be to God, since the time I gave up flesh meals and wine I have been delivered from all physical ills."<mask> warned against the dangers of alcohol abuse in his famous sermon, The Use of Money, and in his letter to an alcoholic. In his sermon, On Public Diversions, <mask> says: "You see the wine when it sparkles in the cup, and are going to drink of it. I tell you there is poison in it! and, therefore, beg you to throw it away". These statements against alcohol use largely concerned "hard liquors and spirits" rather than the low-alcohol beer, which was often safer to drink than the contaminated water of that time. Methodist churches became pioneers in the teetotal temperance movement of the 19th and 20th centuries, and later it became de rigueur in British Methodism. He attended music concerts, and was especially an admirer of Charles Avison.After attending a performance in Bristol Cathedral in 1758, <mask> recorded in his journal: "I went to the cathedral to hear Mr. Handel's


title: John Wesley

texts:
 Messiah. I doubt if that congregation was ever so serious at a sermon as they were during this performance. In many places, especially several of the choruses, it exceeded my expectation." He is described as "rather under the medium height, well proportioned, strong, with a bright eye, a clear complexion, and a saintly, intellectual face". Though <mask> favoured celibacy rather than marital bond, he married very unhappily in 1751, at the age of 48, to a widow, Mary Vazeille, described as "a well-to-do widow and mother of four children." The couple had no children. <mask> writes: "By 1758 she had left him – unable to cope, it is said, with the competition for his time and devotion presented by the ever-burgeoning Methodist movement.Molly, as she was known, was to return and leave him again on several occasions before their final separation." <mask> wryly reported in his journal, "I did not forsake her, I did not dismiss her, I will not recall her." In 1770, at the death of George Whitefield, <mask> wrote a memorial sermon which praised Whitefield's admirable qualities and acknowledged the two men's differences: "There are many doctrines of a less essential nature ... In these we may think and let think; we may 'agree to disagree.' But, meantime, let us hold fast the essentials..." <mask> may have been the first to use "agree to disagree" in print – in the modern sense of tolerating differences – though he himself attributed the saying to Whitefield, and it had appeared in other senses previously. Death

<mask>'s health declined sharply towards the end of his life and he ceased preaching. On 28 June 1790, less than a year before his death, he

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John Singleton
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 wrote:

This day I enter into my eighty-eighth year.For above eighty-six years, I found none of the infirmities of old age: my eyes did not wax dim, neither was my natural strength abated. But last August, I found almost a sudden change. My eyes were so dim that no glasses would help me. My strength likewise now quite forsook me and probably will not return in this world. <mask> died on 2 March 1791, at the age of 87. As he lay dying, his friends gathered around him, <mask> grasped their hands and said repeatedly, "Farewell, farewell." At the end, he said, "The best of all is, God is with us", lifted his arms and raised his feeble voice again, repeating the words, "The best of all is, God is with us."He was entombed at his chapel on City Road, London. Because of his charitable nature he died poor, leaving as the result of his life's work 135,000 members and 541 itinerant preachers under the name "Methodist". It has been said that "when <mask> was carried to his grave, he left behind him a good library of books, a well-worn clergyman's gown" and the Methodist Church. Literary work

<mask> wrote, edited or abridged some 400 publications. As well as theology he wrote about music, marriage, medicine, abolitionism and politics. <mask> was a logical thinker and expressed himself clearly, concisely and forcefully in writing. Between 1746 and 1760, <mask> compiled several volumes of written sermons, published as Sermons on Several Occasions; the first four volumes comprise forty-four sermons which are doctrinal in content.His Forty-Four Sermons and the Explanatory Notes Upon the New Testament (1755) are Methodist doctrinal standards. <mask> was a

masks:
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Wesley
John Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley
Wesley


title: John Wesley

texts: fluent, powerful and effective preacher; he usually preached spontaneously and briefly, though occasionally at great length. In his Christian Library (1750), he writes about mystics such as Macarius of Egypt, Ephrem the Syrian, Madame Guyon, François Fénelon, Ignatius of Loyola, <mask> of Ávila, Francis de Sales, Blaise Pascal, and Antoinette Bourignon. The work reflects the influence of Christian mysticism in <mask>'s ministry from the beginning to the end, although he ever rejected it after the failure in Georgia mission. <mask>'s prose, Works, were first collected by himself (32 vols., Bristol, 1771–74, frequently reprinted in editions varying greatly in the number of volumes). His chief prose works are a standard publication in seven octavo volumes of the Methodist Book Concern, New York. The Poetical Works of <mask> and Charles, ed.G. Osborn, appeared in 13 vols., London, 1868–72. In addition to his Sermons and Notes are his Journals (originally published in 20 parts, London, 1740–89; new ed. by N. Curnock containing notes from unpublished diaries, 6 vols., vols. i–ii, London and New York, 1909–11); The Doctrine of Original Sin (Bristol, 1757; in reply to <mask> of Norwich); An Earnest Appeal to Men of Reason and Religion (originally published in three parts; 2nd ed., Bristol, 1743), an elaborate defence of Methodism, describing the evils of the times in society and the church; and a Plain Account of Christian Perfection (1766). <mask>'s Sunday Service was an adaptation of the Book of Common Prayer for use by American Methodists. In his Watchnight service, he made use of a pietist prayer now generally known as the Wesley Covenant

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John
John Taylor
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title: John Wesley

texts:
 Prayer, perhaps his most famous contribution to Christian liturgy. He was a noted hymn-writer, translator and compiler of a hymnal.<mask> also wrote on physics and medicine, such as in The Desideratum, subtitled Electricity made Plain and Useful by a Lover of Mankind and of Common Sense (1759). and Primitive Physic, Or, An Easy and Natural Method of Curing Most Diseases. In spite of the proliferation of his literary output, <mask> was challenged for plagiarism for borrowing heavily from an essay by <mask>, published in March 1775. Initially denying the charge, <mask> later apologised officially. Commemoration and legacy
<mask> continues to be the primary theological influence on Methodists and Methodist-heritage groups the world over; the Methodist movement numbers 75 million adherents in more than 130 countries. Wesleyan teachings also serve as a basis for the Holiness movement, which includes denominations like Free Methodist Church, the Church of the Nazarene, the Salvation Army, and several smaller groups, and from which Pentecostalism and parts of the Charismatic movement are offshoots. <mask>'s call to personal and social holiness continues to challenge Christians who attempt to discern what it means to participate in the Kingdom of God.He is commemorated in the Calendar of Saints of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America on 2 March with his brother Charles. The <mask> brothers are honoured with a Lesser Feast on 3 March in the Calendar of Saints of the Episcopal Church, and on 24 May (Aldersgate Day, with a Lesser Festival) in the Church of England's Calendar. In 2002, <mask> was listed at number 50 on the BBC's list of the 100

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Samuel Johnson
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texts:
 Greatest Britons, drawn from a poll of the British public. <mask>'s house and chapel, which he built in 1778 on City Road in London, are still intact today and the chapel has a thriving congregation with regular services as well as the Museum of Methodism in the crypt. Numerous schools, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are named after <mask>; additionally, many are named after Methodism. In 1831, Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, was the first institution of higher education in the United States to be named after <mask>. The now secular institution was founded as an all-male Methodist college.A replica of the rectory where <mask> lived as a boy was built in the 1990s at Lake Junaluska, North Carolina. This was an addition to a group of buildings built starting in the 1950s for the World Methodist Council, including a museum which housed letters written by <mask> and a pulpit <mask> used. The museum was already having difficulty staying open, and the COVID-19 pandemic finally made closing the museum necessary. Its contents went to Bridwell Library of Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas. In film
In 1954, the Radio and Film Commission of the British Methodist Church, in co-operation with J. Arthur Rank, produced the film <mask>. This was a live-action re-telling of the story of the life of <mask>, with Leonard Sachs in the title role. In 2009, a more ambitious feature film, <mask>, was released by Foundery Pictures, starring Burgess Jenkins as <mask>.The film was directed by the award-winning filmmaker <mask>. In musical theatre
In 1976 the musical Ride! Ride!, composed by Penelope

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title: John Wesley

texts:
 Thwaites AM and written by Alan Thornhill, premiered at the Westminster Theatre in London's West End. The piece is based on the true story of eighteen-year-old Martha Thompson's incarceration in Bedlam, an incident in <mask>'s life. The premier ran for 76 performances. Since then it has had more than 40 productions, both amateur and professional, including a 1999 concert version, issued on the Somm record label, with Keith Michell as <mask>. Works

  (in reply to Dr. <mask> of Norwich)

  (This edition has many errors)
  (This is better than the preceding, but is still very erroneus.)(At present, the standard edition.) (in seven volumes, combining two volumes of the Jackson Edition into one. Containing two extra letters and more footnotes.) (in 15 volumes the Jackson Edition with an additional volume containing his Notes to the New Testament)

  (originally published in 20 parts)
  (containing notes from unpublished diaries)
Source: The Works of <mask> and <mask> – a bibliography, containing an exact account of all the publications issued by the <mask>s, arranged in chronological order, with a list of the early editions, and descriptive and illustrative notes

See also
Sermons of <mask>
 List of Methodist theologians
 History of Christianity in Britain
 Wesley College, for educational institutions named after <mask>

Notes and references

Citations

Sources

Books

Articles

Further reading

Historiography

External links

 <mask> at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry

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John Taylor
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Charles Wesley
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title: John Wesley

texts:
 Archive (ECPA)

 Selected text from the Journal of <mask> on A Vision of Britain through Time, with links to the places named. <mask> papers, 1735–1791 at Pitts Theology Library, Candler School of Theology
 <mask> historical marker in Savannah, Georgia
 A Man Named <mask> Passed This Way historical marker at St. Simons Island, Georgia
 Reverends <mask> & Charles Wesley historical marker
 The World Is My Parish historical marker

1703 births
1791 deaths
18th-century apocalypticists
18th-century English Anglican priests
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Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Anglican saints
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British evangelicals
British expatriates in the United States
Burials at <mask>'s Chapel
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Translators of the Bible into English
John
Methodist

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