title: Jake LaMotta

texts:
 against <mask>.<mask> hit Dauthuille with a barrage of punches that sent him down against the ropes toward the end of the round. Dauthuille was counted out with 13 seconds left in the fight. This fight was named Fight of the Year for 1950 by The Ring magazine. Saint Valentine's Day Massacre of boxing

The sixth and final fight between <mask> and Robinson took place at Chicago Stadium. This fight was scheduled for 15 rounds and was for the middleweight title. Held on February 14, 1951, Saint Valentine's Day, the fight became known as boxing's version of the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre. In the last few rounds, <mask> began to take a horrible beating and was soon unable to defend himself from Robinson's powerful blows.But <mask> refused to go down. Robinson won by a technical knockout in the 13th round, when the fight was stopped. Light heavyweight
LaMotta moved up to light heavyweight after losing his world middleweight title. He had poor results at first. He lost his debut against Bob Murphy, lost a split decision to Norman Hayes, and drew with Gene Hairston in his first three bouts. In his next three fights, <mask> had rematches with Hayes, Hairston, and Murphy, and defeated all of them by unanimous decision. On December 31, 1952, <mask> had his next fight against Danny Nardico.He knocked <mask> down for the only time in his career (not counting his thrown 1947 fight) by a right hand in the seventh round. LaMotta got up and was beaten against a corner by Nardico until the bell rang. <mask>'s corner stopped the bout before the eighth round began. Following that fight, LaMotta took time off; when he returned, in

masks: LaMotta LaMotta LaMotta LaMotta LaMotta LaMotta LaMotta LaMotta LaMotta


title: Jake LaMotta

type: original

texts:
 early 1954, he knocked out his first two opponents, Johnny Pretzie (TKO 4) and Al McCoy (KO 1), but a controversial split decision loss to Billy Kilgore on April 14, 1954 convinced him to retire. Post-boxing
After retiring from the ring, <mask> owned and managed a bar at 1120 Collins Ave in Miami Beach. He also became a stage actor and stand-up comedian. In 1958 he was arrested and charged with introducing men to an underage girl at a club he owned in Miami.He was convicted and served six months on a chain gang, although he maintained his innocence. LaMotta appeared in more than 15 films, including The Hustler (1961) with Paul Newman and Jackie Gleason, in which he had a role as a bartender. He appeared in several episodes of the NBC police comedy Car 54 Where Are You? (1961–63). A lifelong baseball fan, he organized the <mask> All-Star Team in the Bronx. The LaMotta team played in Sterling Oval which was located between 165th and 164th Streets between Clay and Teller Avenue. In 1965, <mask> appeared as "Big Jule" in the New York City Center production of Guys and Dolls for 15 performances alongside  Alan King and Jerry Orbach.In 1960 <mask> was called to testify before a U.S. Senate sub-committee that was looking into underworld influence on boxing. He testified that he had thrown his bout with Billy Fox so that the mob would arrange a title bout for him. Fighting style
LaMotta is recognized as having had one of the best chins in boxing. He rolled with punches, minimizing their force and damage when they landed, but he was also able to absorb many blows. In the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, his sixth bout with

masks:
LaMotta
Jake LaMotta
LaMotta
LaMotta


title: Jake LaMotta

texts:
 Robinson, LaMotta suffered numerous severe blows to the head. Commentators could be heard saying "No man can take this kind of punishment!" But LaMotta did not go down.The fight was stopped by the referee in the 13th round, declaring it a TKO victory for Robinson. <mask> was one of the first boxers to adopt the "bully" style of fighting, in that he always stayed close and in punching range of his opponent, by stalking him around the ring, and sacrificed taking punches himself in order to land his own shots. Due to his aggressive, unrelenting style he was known as "The Bronx Bull." He boasted "No son-of-a-bitch ever knocked me off my feet", but that claim was ended in December 1952 at the hands of Danny Nardico when Nardico caught him with a hard right in the seventh round. <mask> fell into the ropes and went down. After regaining his footing, he was unable to come out for the next round. Raging Bull: My Story
Raging Bull: My Story is a 1970 second edition of <mask>'s memoir.The autobiographical details include: <mask>'s life as a young teenage criminal; his reformation in prison; his extensive career as an amateur and professional boxer; his struggles with organized crime (the mafia) who kept the boxing title out of reach; and his jealous obsession with his wife, Vikki. The book details his life, from childhood until the end of his fame. The first edition is:
La Motta, <mask> with Carter, Joseph and Savage, Peter (1970). Raging Bull: My Story. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall [1970]. . Raging Bull

Hollywood executives approached LaMotta with the idea of a movie about his life, based on his 1970 memoir Raging

masks:
LaMotta
LaMotta
Jake LaMotta
Jake LaMotta
Jake


title: Jake LaMotta

texts:
 Bull: My Story. The film, Raging Bull, released in 1980, was initially only a minor box office success, but eventually received overwhelming critical acclaim for both director Martin Scorsese and actor Robert De Niro, who gained about 60 pounds during the shooting of the film to play the older LaMotta in later scenes.To accurately portray the younger <mask>, De Niro trained with LaMotta until LaMotta felt he was ready to box professionally. De Niro lived in Paris for three months, eating at the finest restaurants in order to gain sufficient weight to portray <mask> after retirement. De Niro won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance. Later life and death

LaMotta had a troubled personal life, including a spell in a reformatory, and was married seven times. He admitted having raped a woman, having beaten his wives, and coming close to beating a man to death during a robbery. In February 1998, <mask>'s elder son, <mask> Jr., died of liver cancer. In September 1998, his younger son, <mask>, died in the crash of Swissair Flight 111.His nephew, <mask>, fought in the heavyweight-novice class of the 2001 Golden Gloves championship tournament. John later became an actor, and one of his roles was as "Duke", who ran the bar of that name featured in the television comedy series Frasier. Another nephew, William Lustig, is a well-known director and producer of horror films and the president of Blue Underground, Inc.

LaMotta had four daughters, including Christi by his second wife Vikki <mask> and Stephanie by his fourth wife Dimitria. He married his seventh wife, his longtime fiancée Denise Baker, on January 4,

masks:
LaMotta
LaMotta
LaMotta
Jake LaMotta
Joseph LaMotta
John LaMotta
LaMotta


title: Jake LaMotta

texts:
 2013. LaMotta remained active on the speaking and autograph circuit, and published several books about his career, his life, and his fights with Robinson. LaMotta appeared in a 50-minute New York stage production, Lady and the Champ, in July 2012. The production focused on <mask>'s boxing career, and was criticized by The New York Times as poorly executed and a "bizarre debacle".LaMotta is the subject of a documentary directed and produced by Greg Olliver. The film features an appearance by Mike Tyson among other notable athletes, actors and <mask>'s family and friends. Also in production was a sequel to Raging Bull, although MGM filed suit to halt the project, saying that LaMotta did not have the right to make a sequel. The lawsuit was settled on July 31, 2012, when LaMotta agreed to change the title of the film to The Bronx Bull. LaMotta: The Bronx Bull stars actor William Forsythe as <mask>, while Paul Sorvino plays his father. It also features Joe Mantegna, Tom Sizemore, Penelope Ann Miller, Natasha Henstridge, Joey Diaz and Ray Wise. LaMotta died on September 19, 2017, from complications of pneumonia in a nursing home in Florida, at the age of 95.Professional boxing record

See also
List of middleweight boxing champions
Bronx Walk of Fame

References

External links

 Whitney Martin (AP), "Lamotta Near End Of Trail", Lewiston Daily Sun, January 3, 1953

1922 births
2017 deaths
American boxers of Italian descent
American male stage actors
American stand-up comedians
International Boxing Hall of Fame inductees
Middleweight boxers
Boxers from New York City
Sportspeople from the Bronx
American male

masks: LaMotta Jake LaMotta


title: John J. Emery

texts:
<mask>. (January 28, 1898 — September 24, 1976) was an American real estate developer. He was the developer of the Carew Tower (1931) in Cincinnati, Ohio, at the time the tallest building west of the Alleghenies, and the Netherland Plaza Hotel, opened at the same time. He was a major figure in the city's cultural life for more than four decades. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City on January 28, 1898. He was the son of <mask>. (1835–1908), a real-estate millionaire, and Lela (née Alexander<mask> (1867–1953), daughter of General Charles T. Alexander, of Washington. Among his siblings was <mask>, who married the impecunious Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia; <mask>, who married first Capt. Alastair Mackintosh (second husband of Constance Talmadge) and secondly Hély, the Marquis de Talleyrand; and  Alexandra, who married Benjamin Moore and Robert Gordon McKay.His paternal grandfather was <mask>, who was born in Bedford, England and settled in Cincinnati in 1832. His maternal grandparents were General Charles Tripler Alexander and <mask> (née Barrett) Alexander of St. Paul, Minnesota and Bar Harbor, Maine. He was raised on the East Coast and in Europe, after his mother married, as her second husband, the Hon. Alfred Anson, a British stockbroker living in New York City, in 1912. Anson was the seventh son of Thomas Anson, 2nd Earl of Lichfield and Lady Harriett Georgiana Hamilton (the eldest daughter of <mask>, 1st Duke of Abercorn). As a child and young man, his family moved each year between their houses in New York City (5 East 68th Street), Bar Harbor, Maine (The Turrets, now owned by The College of the Atlantic), Palm Beach (where his mother owned several houses) and Paris and Biarritz, France (where his mother

masks:
John Josiah Emery Jr
Jack Emery
John Josiah Emery Sr
) Emery
Audrey Emery
Lela Emery
Thomas Emery
Julia
James Hamilton


title: John J. Emery

texts:
 owned a large house, later converted into a school). <mask> prepared at Groton for Harvard, where his education was interrupted by World War I when he served as an ensign in Naval Aviation.After he returned from War, he received his BA degree, cum laude, in 1920. He spent one year at Harvard Law School and then went to Trinity College, Oxford, where received a diploma in Economics in 1922. Career
His grandfather founded a lard oil and candle business in 1840, known as Emery Candle Company, that his father developed into the Emery Chemical Company, later known as Emery Industries. His grandfather had also assembled sizable real estate holdings in the center of Cincinnati, which was enlarged by <mask>'s father. In 1924, <mask>, who was planning on going into the publishing business with Cass Canfield, returned to Cincinnati on a visit and stayed to manage what he perceived to be the faltering family business. He proceeded to consolidate the family's real estate holdings into several blocks in downtown Cincinnati. The real estate company, Thomas Emery's Sons, built the first substantial apartment houses in Cincinnati as well as numerous other buildings downtown (Mercantile Library Building, The Cincinnatian Hotel and others) and in the immediately adjacent hills.After World War II, Thomas Emery's Sons built the Terrace Plaza Hotel, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, placing the hotel lobby on the eighth floor, reached by elevators that by-passed the commercial floors. For the hotel he commissioned three works of art that passed to the Cincinnati Art Museum when he sold the Terrace Plaza: a mural by <mask> and a cartoon mural by Saul Steinberg and a giant mobile by Alexander Calder. He was a founder of the Cincinnati

masks:
Emery
Emery
Emery
Joan Miró


title: John J. Emery

texts:
 Country Day School, a leading trustee and important benefactor of the Cincinnati Art Museum. He served as vice-president of the Boy Scouts of America in the Cincinnati area, and was an original member of the Cincinnati Public Recreation Commission. He was a trustee of the Children's Symphony Orchestra, Cincinnati Summer Opera, the Conservatory of Music and the Taft Museum of Art, as well as a trustee of the National Cultural Center in Washington, D.C. Personal life
In 1926, he married Irene Langhorne (née Gibson) Post (1897–1973). Irene was the daughter of the celebrated illustrator Charles Dana Gibson and the niece of Lady Astor, the first woman elected to the British Parliament.Irene was the mother of George B. Post IV and Nancy Langhorne Post from her first marriage to George B. Post III (grandson of the architect George B. Post). Together, <mask> and Irene were the parents of four children, all born in Cincinnati:

 <mask> (1927–2017), who married painter Robert Perkins Goodale at the Académie Julian art school in Paris, in 1946. Lela <mask> (1929–2006), who married <mask>. Steele (b. 1924) in 1967.<mask> (1933–1999), who married Lloyd Addison Lanier (1924–2002) in 1953. <mask> (1937-2021), a 1959 graduate of Harvard who married Liliane Solmsen in 1962. After his first wife's death in 1973, he remarried to widow Adele Sloane (née Hammond) Olyphant (1902–1998) on December 3, 1975. Adele, a member of the Vanderbilt family, was the sister of record producer <mask>, the daughter of Emily Vanderbilt Sloane, a granddaughter of Emily Thorn Vanderbilt and William Douglas Sloane, and a great-granddaughter of William Henry Vanderbilt. Adele was also the grandmother of actor Timothy Olyphant. <mask> died on September 24, 1976 and

masks:
John
Irene Emery
Emery
John F
Melissa Emery
Ethan Emery
John Hammond
Emery


title: John J. Emery

texts:
 is buried at the Indian Hill Church near Cincinnati. Residences
<mask> and his family spent summers in Dark Harbor, Maine on Seven Hundred Acre Island, where his father-in-law, Charles Dana Gibson, had built a house beginning in 1904.During those summers, the children were tutored in preparation for school, including daughter Lela who prior to leaving home for the Foxcroft School in 1944 was tutored by Connie Frazer at their homes at Peterloon and on Seven Hundred Acre Island. In 1929, he began constructing his  estate, Peterloon immediately north of Indian Hill, then a rural outer suburb of Cincinnati to which some affluent citizens of Cincinnati, Ohio were moving in search of a country life-style. Indian Hill of the 1930s revolved around the Camargo Club and the Camargo Hunt. Since his death, much of Peterloon has been divided into housing lots, leaving the neo-Georgian brick house on  as an event destination owned by The Peterloon Foundation. The house was designed by Delano and Aldrich of New York, who also designed a five-bedroom stucco cottage nearby, in which the <mask> family could live while the Peterloon house was being built. Awards and honors
<mask> was the recipient of the "Great Living Cincinnatian" award from The Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce; the William Booth Award from the Salvation Army; the "President's Award for Excellence" from the University of Cincinnati. He also received an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the Cincinnati Conservatory of Music and a Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Cincinnati.References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at the University of Cincinnati. 1898 births
1976 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
Harvard Law School alumni
Alumni of Trinity College,

masks:
Emery
Emery
Emery
John Josiah
Emery


title: Mira Sorvino

texts:
<mask> (; born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She won the Academy Award and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Woody Allen's Mighty Aphrodite (1995). She also starred in the films Romy and Michele's High School Reunion (1997), Mimic (1997), Lulu on the Bridge (1998), The Replacement Killers (1998), Summer of Sam (1999), and Like Dandelion Dust (2009). For her work in television, <mask> was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her portrayal of Marilyn Monroe in Norma Jean & Marilyn (1996), and twice nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film, again for her performance as Marilyn Monroe and for her leading role in Human Trafficking (2005). Early life
<mask> was born in Manhattan, New York City to Lorraine Ruth Davis, a drama therapist for Alzheimer's disease patients and a former actress; and <mask>, an actor and film director. She has two siblings, <mask> and Amanda. She is of Italian descent on her father's side.She was raised in Tenafly, New Jersey, where she wrote and acted in backyard plays with her childhood friend Hope Davis, and in theater productions at Dwight-Englewood School. As a child, she was strongly influenced to pursue social causes by her mother, who participated in the March on Washington. Sorvino excelled in high school and was accepted into Harvard University. She studied for one year as an exchange student with CIEE in Beijing, China, where she became fluent in Mandarin Chinese. In 1989, she graduated from Harvard magna cum laude with a degree in East Asian studies. She also helped found the Harvard-Radcliffe Veritones, one of Harvard's co-ed a cappella groups, in 1985. Career
Sorvino's first major screen appearance was in the teen television series Swans Crossing, where she appeared in six

masks:
Mira Katherine Sorvino
Sorvino
Sorvino
Paul Sorvino
Michael Sorvino


title: Mira Sorvino

texts:
 of the medical television drama House. Plans to make hers a recurring character were interrupted by the writers' strike. She starred in Attack on Leningrad (2009), Multiple Sarcasms (2010) with Timothy Hutton and Stockard Channing, and Nancy Savoca's Union Square (2012), with Patti Lupone and Tammy Blanchard. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival to good reviews. In the same year, Sorvino played the mother of the lead in the film adaptation of Wendy Mass's popular children's book Jeremy Fink and the Meaning of Life.In 2014, she reappeared as Head Detective Betsy Brannigan on the final season of Psych, and on the fourth season of Falling Skies as John Pope's love interest, Sara. Sorvino also joined the cast of the television series Intruders, playing the role of Amy Whelan. In 2016, she appeared in the Netflix series Lady Dynamite as an actor working on a sitcom pilot named White Trash. In 2018, Sorvino played the role of Amy in the psychological thriller Look Away, alongside Jason Isaacs and India Eisley. In 2019, Sorvino was cast in the Netflix miniseries Hollywood, as an actor whose career stalled out after a relationship with a studio head. Personal life
Between 1996 and 1998, <mask> was romantically involved with director Quentin Tarantino, who was her escort to the Academy Awards ceremony where she won Best Supporting Actress for Mighty Aphrodite. Sorvino met actor Christopher Backus at a friend's charades party in August 2003.On June 11, 2004, they married in a private civil ceremony at the Santa Barbara, California courthouse, then later had a hilltop ceremony in Capri, Italy. They have four children: daughters born in 2004 and 2012, and sons born in 2006 and 2009. In honor of Sorvino's role as Susan Tyler, an entomologist who investigated deadly insect mutations in the film Mimic, the discovery of a compound excreted


title: Mira Sorvino

texts:
 as a defense mechanism by the sunburst diving beetle was named mirasorvone by entomologist Thomas Eisner. In September 2014, Sorvino gave a wide-ranging interview on The Nerdist Podcast where she discussed her education, living in China, and her varied interests. She is a Christian and resides with her family in Los Angeles, California. In 2017, Sorvino came out publicly about the sexual harassment she endured from producer Harvey Weinstein and believes her career was damaged after she rebuffed Weinstein's advances. According to Peter Jackson, Weinstein blocked Sorvino and Ashley Judd, another of his alleged victims, from being considered for parts in The Lord of the Rings films.In 2019 she also made public that she was a date rape victim. Political activism
Sorvino has been affiliated with Amnesty International since 2004. In 2006 she was honored with their Artist of Conscience Award, given to those who have made longstanding philanthropic and humanist efforts. From 2009 to 2012 she was a United Nations Goodwill ambassador for combatting human trafficking, and has lobbied Congress to abolish the practice in Darfur. Filmography

Film

Television

Awards and nominations

Works and publications

References

External links

 <mask> at the American Film Institute

 Honolulu Advertiser interview (October 24, 2005)
 Mira Sorvino Video produced by Makers: Women Who Make America

1967 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from New Jersey
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from New York City
American Christians
American film actresses
American people of Italian descent
American television actresses
Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners
Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (film) winners
Dwight-Englewood School alumni
Harvard University alumni
People from Manhattan
People from Tenafly, New


title: József Mindszenty

texts:
<mask> [jo:ʒɛf mindsɛnti] (29 March 18926 May 1975) was the Prince Primate, Archbishop of Esztergom, cardinal, and leader of the Catholic Church in Hungary from 2 October 1945 to 18 December 1973. According to Encyclopædia Britannica, for five decades "he personified uncompromising opposition to fascism and communism in Hungary". During World War II, he was imprisoned by the pro-Nazi Arrow Cross Party. After the war, he opposed communism and communist persecution in his country. As a result, he was tortured and given a life sentence in a 1949 show trial that generated worldwide condemnation, including a United Nations resolution. After eight years in prison, <mask> was freed in the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and granted political asylum by the United States embassy in Budapest. He lived there for the next fifteen years.He was finally allowed to leave the country in 1971, and died in exile in 1975 in Vienna, Austria. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 29 March 1892 in Csehimindszent, Vas County, Austria-Hungary, to <mask> Pehm and Borbála Kovács. His father was a magistrate. He attended St Norbert's Premonstratensian High Grammar School in Szombathely, before entering the Szombathely Diocesan Seminary in 1911. Mindszenty was ordained a priest by Bishop János Mikes on 12 June 1915, the Feast of the Sacred Heart. In 1917, the first of his books, Motherhood, was published. He was arrested by Mihály Károlyi's socialist government on 9 February 1919 for speaking out against its 'socialist policies', then rearrested by the communist Béla Kun government on 31 July that year.In 1939, <mask> urged his followers

masks:
József Mindszenty
Mindszenty
Mindszenty
József
Mindszenty


title: József Mindszenty

texts:
 to vote against the Arrow Cross Party. In 1940, he published a pamphlet, "The Green Communism", in which he characterised the Hungarian Nyilas Nazi Movement as diabolic and as evil as the communists. Green was the colour of the Nyilas uniform. (Paksy, 213–215. p). In 1941, during a Magyarization campaign amongst Germans living in Hungary, he adopted his new Hungarian name of Mindszenty, part of his home village's name. On 25 March 1944, he was consecrated Bishop of Veszprém.<mask> organised a letter to the Nazi authorities urging them not to fight in Western Hungary; he also protested to Miklós Horthy in favour of converted Jews. After Horthy was overthrown, <mask> was arrested on 27 November 1944 for his opposition to the Arrow Cross government's plan to quarter soldiers in parts of his official palace. In April 1945, with the Arrow Cross puppet state collapsing, <mask> was released from house arrest at a church in Sopron. Church leader and opposition to communism
On 15 September 1945, <mask> was appointed Primate of Hungary and Archbishop of Esztergom, the seat of the head of the Catholic Church in Hungary. On 21 February 1946, Archbishop <mask> was elevated to Cardinal-Priest of Santo Stefano Rotondo by Pope Pius XII, who reportedly told him, "Among these thirty-two you will be the first to suffer the martyrdom symbolized by this red color." To the ruling Hungarian Working People's Party, <mask> was regarded as the archetypal figure of "clerical reaction". He continued to use the traditional title of prince-primate (hercegprímás) even after the use of noble and royal titles was outlawed by the 1946 puppet

masks: Mindszenty Mindszenty Mindszenty Mindszenty Mindszenty Mindszenty


title: József Mindszenty

texts: parliament.He contacted the US embassy, asking it to "engage in activities which were simply not diplomatically proper or politically feasible", for which he was rebuked by the embassy. In addition to such contacts, the Party accused him of having "aristocratic attitudes" and attacked his demands for compensation following the state seizure of church-owned farmlands during the Party's campaign to abolish private farm ownership. Because the main source of income for the Church was its agricultural lands, confiscations by the communist government left many Church-run institutions destitute. Cardinal <mask> believed and preached that "The Church asks for no secular protection; it seeks shelter under the protection of God alone". For this reason, he fought fiercely against the state policy to emancipate the Hungarian educational system from Church control by seizing parochial schools. In 1948, religious orders were banned by the government. Soon after, Hungarian Premier Mátyás Rákosi accused the Cardinal and the Catholic Church of being both "the largest landowner in Hungary" and "a reactionary force in our country, supporting the monarchy and later the fascist dictatorship of Admiral Horthy".These, Rákosi claimed, were the only reasons for <mask>'s opposition to the Party's policy of land confiscation. On 26 December 1948, Cardinal <mask> was arrested and accused of treason, conspiracy, and other offences against the new Hungarian People's Republic. Shortly before his arrest, he wrote a note to the effect that he had not been involved in any conspiracy and that any confession he might make would be the result of

masks: Mindszenty Mindszenty Mindszenty


title: József Mindszenty

texts: duress. While imprisoned, <mask> was repeatedly hit with rubber truncheons and subjected to other forms of abuse, until he agreed to confess. <mask>'s forced confession included the following "admissions": orchestrating the theft of the Crown of Saint Stephen for the sole purpose of crowning Crown Prince Otto von Habsburg as King of Hungary, scheming to overthrow the Party and reestablish capitalism, planning a third World War, and, once it had been won by the Americans, plotting to assume supreme political power himself. Almost alone among the Western news media, reporter George Seldes, who had previously been expelled from the Soviet Union and fascist Italy for his reporting, believed the allegations against Cardinal Mindszenty. Seldes spent the rest of his life accusing Mindszenty of being a Nazi collaborator, a Holocaust perpetrator, and a virulent antisemite.In his 1987 memoirs, Seldes wrote, "In 1948 the entire American section of the resident foreign press corps in Hungary implored me to report the facts about Cardinal <mask>'s collaboration with the Nazis, his part in the deportation of the Jewish population to Hitler's death camps, and also to expose the scores of fraudulent news items coming from outside Hungary, from Vienna, London, Prague, and Rome especially, alleging drugging and torturing of the Cardinal." On 3 February 1949, Mindzenty's show trial began. The Cardinal admitted to being involved in a Habsburg restorationist organization which planned to form a government after an American invasion, however he denied hoping for the outbreak of war. He said "we prayed for peace". He accepted the


title: József Mindszenty

texts: charges of smuggling tens of thousands of dollars into Hungary, and admitted his contacts with Otto von Habsburg and American politicians, but did not admit to willful espionage on behalf of foreign powers. In court, Mindzenty said about the charges: "I do not deny one or another part of it, but I do not subscribe to the conclusion". As he followed the trial, a weeping Pope Pius XII told Sister Pascalina Lehnert, "My words have come true and all I can do is pray; I cannot help him any other way."On 8 February, <mask> was sentenced to life imprisonment for black marketeering, treason and espionage. The government released a white book, Documents on the Mindszenty Case, containing his alleged confessions and case materials. On 12 February 1949, Pope Pius XII announced the excommunication of all persons involved in the trial and conviction of Mindszenty. On 20 February 1949, the Pope addressed a series of questions to a crowd which had gathered in St. Peter's Square to protest the Cardinal's show trial, asking:Do you want a Church that remains silent when She should speak; that diminishes the law of God where she is called to proclaim it loudly, wanting to accommodate it to the will of man? Do you want a Church that departs from the unshakable foundations upon which Christ founded Her, taking the easy way of adapting Herself to the opinion of the day; a Church that is a prey to current trends; a Church that does not condemn the suppression of conscience and does not stand up for the just liberty of the people; a Church that locks Herself up within the four walls of Her temple in unseemly sycophancy, forgetting


title: József Mindszenty

texts:
 the divine mission received from Christ: 'Go out the crossroads and preach the people'? Beloved sons and daughters! Spiritual heirs of numberless confessors and martyrs!Is this the Church you venerate and love? Would you recognize in such a Church the features of your Mother? Would you be able to imagine a Successor of St. Peter submitting to such demands?According to Sister Pascalina, who witnessed the rally, "In reply to the Holy Father came a single cry like thunder still ringing in our ears: 'No!'" In Acerrimo moerore, an apostolic letter to the Hungarian Episcopate, the Pope publicly condemned the Cardinal's conviction and described his tortures. Over seven years later, on 30 October 1956, in the midst of the Hungarian Revolution, <mask> was released from prison. He returned to Budapest the next day, and on 2 November, praised the insurgents. The following day, he made a radio broadcast in favour of recent anti-communist developments.Confinement at the US embassy

On 4 November 1956, when the Soviet Union invaded Hungary to restore the communist government, Cardinal <mask> sought Imre Nagy's advice, and was granted political asylum at the United States embassy in Budapest. Mindszenty lived there for the next 15 years, unable to leave the grounds, and did not participate in the papal conclaves of 1958 and 1963. György Aczél, the communist official in charge of all cultural and religious matters in Hungary, felt increasingly uncomfortable about <mask>'s plight in the late 1960s when the latter fell seriously ill and rumors spread of his impending death. Yet Aczél failed to convince party leader János Kádár


title: József Mindszenty

texts:
 that commuting Mindszenty's sentence would create valuable confusion in the Holy See and allow the state to better control the remaining clergy. Exile
Eventually, Pope Paul VI offered a compromise: declaring Mindszenty a "victim of history" (instead of communism) and annulling the excommunication imposed on the people involved in his trial. The Hungarian government allowed <mask> to leave the country on 28 September 1971. Beginning on 23 October 1971, he lived in Vienna, Austria, as he took offence at Rome's advice that he should resign from the primacy of the Catholic Church in Hungary in exchange for uncensored publication of his memoirs backed by the Holy See.Although most bishops retire at or near age 75, <mask> continually denied rumors of his resignation, and was not canonically required to step down at the time. In December 1973, at the age of 81, <mask> was stripped of his titles by the Pope, who declared the Archdiocese of Esztergom officially vacated, but who refused to fill the seat while Mindszenty was still alive. Mindszenty visited Hungarian emigrants in 1975 in Caracas, Venezuela, and then Bogotá, Colombia. Just after this visit, he traveled back to Europe feeling quite ill. <mask> died on 6 May 1975, at the age of 83, in exile in Vienna. In early 1976, the Pope made Bishop László Lékai the primate of Hungary, ending a long struggle with the communist government. Legacy
In 1991, <mask>'s remains were repatriated to Esztergom by the newly elected government and buried in the basilica there. <mask> is widely admired in modern-day Hungary for his courage and resolve while opposing the Arrow Cross


title: József Mindszenty

texts:
 Party, during Communist imprisonment, and in exile.The Mindszenty Museum in Esztergom is dedicated to the life of the Cardinal. A commemorative statue of Cardinal Mindszenty stands at St. Ladislaus Church in New Brunswick, New Jersey, US. A monument was donated by the Hungarian community of Greater Cleveland in 1977 and stands at Cardinal Mindszenty Plaza in downtown Cleveland. <mask> is remembered in Santiago, Chile with a memorial in Parque Bustamante, the same park where a monument to the martyrs of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution stands. In June 1974, Cardinal Mindszenty visited the Woodside Priory School in Portola Valley, California. The school was founded by seven Hungarian Benedictine monks, associated with Saint Martin's Archabbey in Pannonhalma, who fled the repression in Hungary following the 1956 revolution. A bronze memorial was placed on the school's campus noting his visit.The Cardinal's visit to the San Francisco Bay Area included mass in December 1974 at St Raymond Church in Menlo Park, California; a monument commemorating the service was placed on parish grounds. Beatification process
The beatification and eventual canonization of Cardinal <mask> has been on the Hungarian Catholic Church's agenda ever since communism fell in 1989, and the 2005-2013 pontificate of Pope Benedict XVI was seen by many analysts as an excellent opportunity to achieve both, as the Pope had commented favourably on <mask>'s calling and legacy. The cause for the cardinal's beatification opened on 15 June 1993; Mindszenty became titled as a Servant of God after the Congregation for the Causes of Saints (CCS) assented to


title: József Mindszenty

texts:
 introducing the cause in a decree nihil obstat ("no objection"). The diocesan process (collecting his spiritual writings and collecting witness interrogatories to attest to his reputation for holiness) opened in Esztergom on 19 March 1994 and closed 17 October 1996; the CCS validated the process as having complied with their regulations in Rome on 8 November 1999. In 2012, the Hungarian Bishops' Conference reaffirmed its support for continuing the late cardinal's cause for beatification. Theologians voiced their approval for the cause on 14 June 2018. Pope Francis declared Mindszenty venerable on 12 February 2019.In popular culture

<mask>'s life and battle against the Soviet domination of Hungary and communism were the subject of the 1950 American film Guilty of Treason, partly based on his personal papers and starring Charles Bickford as the cardinal. The 1955 British thriller The Prisoner is loosely based on Mindszenty's imprisonment, with Alec Guinness playing a fictionalized version of the cardinal. <mask> is reported to have disliked at least one of his film portrayals. The two-part 1966 episode "Old Man Out" of television's Mission: Impossible was loosely based on Mindszenty. The episode's premise was that a Catholic cardinal, a political prisoner and hero to his people, was slated for execution in an Eastern European prison. The series' protagonists were tasked with smuggling him out of the prison and country before his execution. See also
 Josef Beran
 John Fisher
 Ignatius Kung Pin-Mei
 Josyf Slipyj
 Alojzije Stepinac
 Stefan Wyszyński
 List of Eastern Bloc defectors
 List of people granted political

masks: Mindszenty Mindszenty


title: József Mindszenty

texts:
 asylum
 The Black Book of Communism

References

Further reading
Lehnert, Pascalina; Susan Johnson (transl.).His Humble Servant: Sister M. Pascalina Lehnert's Memoirs of Her Years of Service to Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII. Saint Augustine's Press, South Bend. February 2014. .
"His Eminence files": American Embassy, Budapest: from Embassy archives, 15 (1971). ed by Ádám Somorjai, OSB, Budapest, METEM, 2008. Do Not Forget This Small Honest Nation: Cardinal Mindszenty to 4 US Presidents and State Secretaries 1956-1971 as Conserved in American Archives and Commented by American Diplomats. Ed. by Ádám Somorjai OSB and Tibor Zinner.XLIBRIS, 2013. Paksy Zoltán: Mindszenty József nézetei és politikai tevékenysége. Korunk, 2014. 4. szám (accessible online at www.multunk.hu). Somorjai, A.; Zinner, T.: Correspondence of Cardinal <mask> <mask> with the Holy See from the American Legation, 1956–71. – EOS Verlag, Sank Ottilien, 2017. . External links

The Cardinal Mindszenty Foundation

The lead door – a documentary about Cardinal <mask>'s life while in exile in the USA Embassy in Budapest

1892 births
1975 deaths
20th-century Hungarian cardinals
Archbishops of Esztergom
Bishops of Veszprém
Burials at Esztergom Basilica
Cardinals created by Pope Pius XII
Hungarian anti-communists
Hungarian-German people
Hungarian defectors
Hungarian prisoners and detainees
Hungarian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956
Prisoners and detainees of Hungary
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Hungary
Soviet show trials
Hungarian monarchists
Hungarian exiles
Venerated Catholics by Pope

masks:
József
Mindszenty
Joseph Mindszenty


title: Jodie Emery

texts:
<mask>  (born January 4, 1985) is a Canadian cannabis rights activist and politician. She is the spouse of fellow activist <mask>. Until the business was shut down by police, the couple were co-owners of Cannabis Culture, a business that franchised pot dispensaries, later deemed to be illegal. They had obtained the cannabis from illegal sources, according to Crown prosecutors. They are the former operators and owners of Cannabis Culture magazine and Pot TV. She has run a cannabis legalisation platform in the Green Party of British Columbia, and the British Columbia Marijuana Party, and in 2014 unsuccessfully filed a nomination for the federal Liberal Party in the riding of Vancouver East. Early life
<mask> was born and raised in Kamloops, BC, and graduated from St. Michael's University School in Victoria, British Columbia.She moved to Vancouver in 2004. She and <mask> married on July 23, 2006. Activism
As the former editor of Cannabis Culture magazine, she has been active in cannabis legalisation movements worldwide since 2004. She began her activism working for <mask> helping pack mail order cannabis as a teenager, and was later hired as assistant editor of Cannabis Culture magazine in early 2005. <mask> has spoken regularly at "4/20", "Cannabis Day" and Global Marijuana March rallies in Vancouver and Toronto, as well as other events in Canada and the United States, including Moses Znaimer's Idea City conference in June 2012 and 2014, the New Hampshire Liberty Forum in February 2012, Canadian University Press conference in 2010, Canadian Investors Conference in 2014, Boston Freedom Rally in 2012 and 2013, and the Burgundy Luncheon Club in 2011. <mask> testified in favor of legalization at the Washington state legislature in 2011, and participated in marijuana legalization initiatives in California in November 2010 and Washington State in 2012. She was part of a national press conference hosted by Stop the Violence BC in April 2012 featuring former British Columbia attorney general Geoffrey Plant, Dr. Evan Wood, and the United States prosecutor of her husband, John McKay.During her

masks:
Jodie Emery
Marc Emery
Emery
Marc Emery
Marc Emery
Emery
Emery


title: Jodie Emery

texts:
 husband's five year incarceration beginning in 2010 in the United States, <mask> was active seeking the repatriation of her husband back to Canada, including protests at Conservative Party constituency offices in 2010, including the Calgary office of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, and holding a press conference inside Parliament alongside three Members of Parliament in October 2013. <mask> produced a weekly video broadcast called The <mask> <mask> Show from 2010 to 2014. In 2014, <mask> appeared in the Trailer Park Boys film "Don't Legalize It". Other film appearances include the documentaries "Evergreen: the Road to Legalization", "Prince of Pot: The US vs <mask>", "A NORML Life", and "Legalize It". Criminal charges
<mask> and <mask> were both arrested in Montreal, and subsequently released, on December 16, 2016 after opening several new Cannabis Culture dispensaries in that city. At one time, there were 19 Cannabis Culture dispensaries in operation, in British Columbia, Ontario and Quebec. On March 8, 2017, the couple was arrested at Pearson International Airport and the Cannabis Culture shops were raided, leading to charges on a number of offences.The charges against 17 employees were withdrawn, but <mask> <mask> was convicted of possession of marijuana for the purpose of trafficking and possession of proceeds of crime over $5,000. <mask> was convicted of possession of marijuana for purpose of trafficking, trafficking marijuana and possession of proceeds of crime more than $5,000. They were required to pay fines ($150,000 and a $45,000 victim surcharge) and placed on two year probation. After a guilty plea, the couple was convicted of drug related charges on December 18, 2017, fined and placed on two years probation. Three other individuals were also convicted of drug-related charges. The couple had  claimed that the operation of pot shops was a form of civil disobedience, but Justice Leslie Chapin ruled as follows: "No doubt there were pro social motivations that were behind the actions, but at the same time, I have to recognize that much profit was made". In the media
Since 2004,

masks:
Emery
Emery
Jodie
Emery
Emery
Marc Emery
Jodie
Marc Emery
Jodie
Emery
Marc Emery


title: Jodie Emery

texts:
 <mask> has been featured in the mainstream media.She has had many letters to the editor published in newspapers across Canada, and has written for the National Post, Huffington Post, and The Guardian UK. Her activism has led to hundreds of interviews on local, provincial and national television and radio. <mask> has been interviewed and profiled in newspapers and magazines in the United States and Canada, including Maclean's magazine, Fresh Magazine, Elle Canada magazine, the Globe and Mail, National Post, and the Georgia Straight. From 2013 to 2014, <mask> was a regular participant on the Global TV's BC1 channel show "Unfiltered" with Jill Krop, providing opinion on a wide range of current events and news stories. Political career
<mask> regularly comments on issues beyond legalization, usually through her Twitter account. She advocates for non-violence, tax spending reform, electoral reform, environmental awareness, policing and prison reform, and affordable education. She ran for provincial office as a B.C.Marijuana Party candidate in 2005, and again in a 2008 by-election. She ran as a candidate for the BC Green Party in the May 2009 election, coming in third, losing to Liberal Party member Kash Heed. During the campaign, she was the BC Green Party's Policing and Crime Critic, and was elected as a Director-At-Large at the 2010 BC Green Party Annual General Meeting. She ran again in the 2013 general election for the BC Green Party in Vancouver-West End, finishing with 11.39% of the vote. <mask> unsuccessfully  filed her intention to seek the nomination for the Liberal Party in the riding of Vancouver East, held in Parliament by NDP MP Libby Davies, who announced she would not run in the 2015 federal election. Personal life
<mask> and her husband have been separated for over a year as of January 2019. References

External links
 Official site
 Cannabis Culture

Canadian women in business
Living people
1985 births
Marijuana Party (Canada) politicians
British Columbia Marijuana Party politicians
People from Kamloops
Liberal Party of Canada leadership candidates
Canadian cannabis

masks: Emery Emery Emery Emery Emery Emery


title: Donogh O'Malley

texts:
<mask>'Malley (17 January 1921 – 10 March 1968) was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and rugby union player who served as Minister for Education from 1966 to 1968, Minister for Health from 1965 to 1966 and Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance from 1961 to 1965. He served as a Teachta Dála (TD) for the Limerick East constituency from 1954 to 1968. He is best remembered as the Minister who introduced free secondary school education in the Republic of Ireland. Early and private life
O'Malley was born in Limerick in 1921. Born into a wealthy middle-class family, he was educated by the Jesuits at Crescent College and later at Clongowes Wood College, County Kildare. He later studied at University College Galway (UCG), where he was conferred with a degree in engineering in 1943. He then returned to Limerick, where he worked as an engineer before becoming involved in politics.Rugby
O'Malley played rugby at provincial level for Munster, Leinster and Connacht and at club level for Garryowen and Shannon RFC. HIs chances at an international career were ruined by the suspension of international fixtures during World War II. It was at a rugby match in Tralee that he first met Dr. Hilda Moriarty (1922–1991), who he would go on to marry in August 1947. Moriarty was from a Gaeltacht area in Daingean Ui Chuis, County Kerry and assisted him with the Irish language segments of his speeches. The couple had two children: the actor Daragh O'Malley, and Suzanne, a fashion designer. O'Malley's wife is famous as Patrick Kavanagh's ideal love in the poem "On Raglan Road". Prior to meeting Hilda, O'Malley had been engaged to Audrey Harris (sister of the actor Richard Harris) who died tragically at the age of 21.Early political career
Although O'Malley ran as a Fianna Fáil candidate (the party which emerged from the anti-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War), he was born into a politically active family who supported Cumann na


title: Donogh O'Malley

texts:
 nGaedheal (the party which emerged from the pro-Treaty side) until a falling-out with the party in the early 1930s. He first became involved in local politics as a member of Limerick Corporation. He became Mayor of Limerick in 1961, the third O'Malley brother to hold the office (Desmond O'Malley was mayor from 1941 to 1943, and Michael O'Malley from 1948 to 1949). <mask> O'Malley was first elected to Dáil Éireann as a Fianna Fáil TD for Limerick East at the 1954 general election; Fianna Fáil was not returned to government on that occasion. He spent the rest of the decade on the backbenches; however, his party was returned to power in 1957. Two years later, the modernising process began when Seán Lemass took over from Éamon de Valera as Taoiseach. Lemass introduced younger cabinet ministers, as the old guard who had served the party since its foundation in 1926 began to retire.In 1961, O'Malley joined the government as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Finance. O'Malley was part of a new, brasher style of politician that emerged in the 1960s, sometimes nicknamed "the men in the mohair suits". It was expected that this generation of politician, born after the Civil War, would be a modernising force in post-de Valera Ireland. Although his sporting background was in rugby and swimming, it was Association football which O'Malley got involved in at a leadership level, going on to become President of the Football Association of Ireland. Cabinet career
Following Fianna Fáil's retention of power in the 1965 general election, O'Malley joined the cabinet as Minister for Health. He spent just over a year in this position before he was appointed Minister for Education, a position in which he displayed renowned dynamism. Having succeeded another dynamic young minister, Patrick Hillery (a political ally and friend who had attended medical school with O'Malley's wife, Hilda) he resolved to act swiftly to introduce the


title: Joseph S. Fruton

texts:
<mask> (May 14, 1912 – July 29, 2007), born <mask>, was a Polish-American biochemist and historian of science. His most significant scientific work involved synthetic peptides and their interactions with proteases; with his wife <mask>s he also published an influential textbook, General Biochemistry (1953; 1958). From 1970 until his death, Fruton worked extensively on the history of science, particularly the history of biochemistry and molecular biology. Childhood and education

<mask> was born in Częstochowa, Poland; his father <mask> (Charles) Fruchtgarten was a grain merchant, and his mother Ella (Aisenstadt) Fruchtgarten was a French teacher. Like many other Polish Jews, the Fruchtgartens immigrated to the United States shortly before the outbreak of World War I. They lived in New York City from 1913 to 1917, and in April 1917 they moved to Minsk (then occupied by the Red Army in the midst of the Russian Civil War). Between 1917 and 1923, Fruchtgarten attended school intermittently, moving from Minsk to Siedlce to Warsaw to Berlin, and learning French, German and Latin (in addition to Polish and English).In 1923, the Fruchtgartens returned to New York and changed their name to Fruton to avoid being targets of anti-Semitism. <mask>n followed his father in rejecting religion, but learned early on "not to advertise either [his] Jewishness or [his] atheism." After a few months at De Witt Clinton High School, Fruton joined the first class of students at James Madison High School. He graduated summa cum laude in 1927, excelling particularly in chemistry. He applied to Columbia University, and after an initial rejection—possibly because he was only 15 at the time, possibly because the school had already admitted the quota of New York Jews—his mother convinced an admissions official to reverse the decision. Inspired by the character Max Gottlieb from the Sinclair Lewis novel Arrowsmith, Fruton planned his Columbia education around becoming a scientist. The lectures and

masks:
Joseph Stewart Fruton
Joseph Fruchtgarten
Sofia Simmond
Joseph Fruchtgarten
Shama Nuta
Joseph Fruto


title: Joseph S. Fruton

texts:
 lab-work of organic chemist John M. Nelson turned Fruton on to biochemistry.He received his degree in chemistry in 1931, and entered graduate school in the Department of Biological Chemistry in the Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, working under Hans Thacher Clarke. Fruton's PhD work focused on "the lability of cystine in alkali", although he developed a broad interest in the range of biochemistry-related research being pursued at the College of Physicians and Surgeons. During graduate school Fruton also became active politically, opposing fascism, militarism and anti-Semitism. In 1933 he met <mask> "Topsy" <mask>, whom he married in 1936. Upon completing his PhD in May 1934, Fruton became a research assistant to Max Bergmann at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. Research at the Rockefeller Institute

Fruton was a researcher at the Rockefeller Institute from 1934 to 1945, part of Max Bergmann's long-term and very successful research program in protein chemistry. In his earliest work there, Fruton tested the stereochemical specificity of dipeptidase.Under the tutelage of fellow Bergmann lab researcher Leonidas Zervas, a pioneer in peptide synthesis, Fruton synthesized stereospecific dipeptides and other small peptides as enzyme substrates. Fruton and his colleagues found significant instances of specificity in a range of proteases—observations that were relevant to the ongoing theoretical discussions of protein structure. His most significant discovery at the Rockefeller Institute was a synthetic peptide substrate for pepsin, contrary to the common idea that pepsin would not act on short synthetic peptides. As a side project, he also worked on applications of Bergmann and Zervas's carbobenzoxy method of peptide synthesis and some of the associated side reactions. Between December 1941 and the end of World War II, research in Bergmann's lab shifted from basic protein chemistry to war-related research under the National Defense Research

masks: Sophia Simmonds


title: Joseph S. Fruton

texts:
 which was thought (and ultimately confirmed) to be part of the biosynthesis of proteins. Rather than leading a team effort focused on a small number of high-priority problems, Fruton allowed members of his laboratory to choose their own problems (usually within the broad bounds of protein synthesis and proteinases). Ph.D. students and postdoctoral researchers who worked in Fruton's lab include: Mary Ellen Jones, Melvin Fried, Hannelore Würz, Peter Heinrich, Karen Nilsson, Bob Metrione, Yoshihiro Okuda, George Taborsky, Christine Zioudrou, Maxine <mask>, Louis Cohen, Frederick Newth, John Thanassi, Charles Drey, Derek George <mask>, Atsuo Nagamatsu, and Milton Winitz. A number of prominent biochemists from outside Yale also spent time in Fruton's biochemistry department during his tenure as chair, including: Harry Kroll, Rosabelle McManus, John Clark Lewis, Herbert Gutfreund, Max Gruber, Frank Hird, Vernon Ingram, Hans Kornberg, Dimitrios Theodoropoulos, and Hans Tuppy. In 1953, Fruton and <mask>onds completed the textbook General Biochemistry, which became one of the most influential textbooks for a generation of biochemistry students. They produced a second edition in 1958.Administrative work
In 1959, after offering advice to Yale president A. Whitney Griswold on strengthening the sciences at Yale, Fruton became Director of the Division of Science, a position he held until 1962. His work led to the creation of the short-lived Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics (MBB), although his initial proposal to create a similar department that combined the existing biophysics and biochemistry departments was rejected. Fruton became burnt out on Yale politics after an extended conflict with provost Kingman Brewster, in which Brewster attempted to bypass Fruton's science advisory committee and create a molecular biology department independent of biochemistry department; the MBB department was created only after Brewster had failed to attract a prominent scientist

masks: Singer Smyth Simm


title: Joseph S. Fruton

texts:
 from outside Yale to head a molecular biology department, and the Department of Biochemistry remained separate as part of the medical school until the creation of the Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry (MB&B) in 1969 (which was itself created after a lengthy and unsuccessful attempt to find a suitably eminent replacement for Fruton to head the Department of Biochemistry). Fruton and <mask> traveled abroad during the 1962–1963 academic year, returning just as the MBB department was being created and the Department of Biochemistry was entering a "crisis" because of the loss of experienced faculty (in particular, Fred Richards, the new head of MBB, and Ernie Pollard, who had left to head a biophysics department at Penn State). Death

Fruton died two days after his wife in New Haven on 29 July 2007. Works
General Biochemistry (1953, 1958), with <mask>s
Molecules and Life: Historical Essays on the Interplay of Chemistry and Biology (1972)
A Bio-bibliography for the History of the Biochemical Sciences since 1800 (1982, 1985, 1994)
Contrasts in Scientific Style: Research Groups in the Chemical and Biochemical Sciences (1990)
A Skeptical Biochemist (1992)
Eighty Years (1994)
Proteins, Enzymes, Genes: The Interplay of Chemistry and Biology (1999)
Methods and Styles in the Development of Chemistry (2002)

Awards and honors
In 1993, Fruton received the Dexter Award for Outstanding Achievement in the History of Chemistry from the American Chemical Society. Notes

References

External links
Joseph Stewart Fruton Papers (MS 1396).Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. National Academy of Sciences Biographical Memoir

American biochemists
Historians of science
1912 births
2007 deaths
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Columbia University alumni
Rockefeller University people
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons alumni
James Madison High School (Brooklyn) alumni
Scientists from New York (state)
Polish emigrants to

masks:
Sophia Simmonds
Sophia Simmond


title: Bob Ehrlich

texts:
<mask>. (born November 25, 1957) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 60th Governor of Maryland from 2003 to 2007. A Republican, <mask> represented Maryland's 2nd Congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 2003. Prior to that, he was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates. In 2006, <mask> was defeated in his bid for re-election by Democrat Martin O'Malley. In 2010, <mask> sought an unsuccessful rematch against O'Malley. <mask> then announced, via his website, that he would "return to private life." In October 2011, he was named chair of Mitt Romney's Maryland campaign for the 2012 Republican nomination for President.Early life, career, and family
<mask> was born in the Southwest Baltimore suburb of Arbutus, Maryland, the son of Nancy (Bottorf), a legal secretary, and Robert Leroy <mask>, a commission car salesman. After attending Gilman School, he studied at Princeton University, where he attended on a partial scholarship and was captain of the football team and a member of the Cap and Gown Club. <mask> graduated from Princeton with an A.B. in politics in 1979 after completing a 140-page long senior thesis titled "Alexander Solzenitsyn: The Man and His Politics." He continued on to law school, graduating from Wake Forest University School of Law in 1982. After law school, <mask> worked for Ober, Kaler, Grimes and Shriver, a Baltimore law firm, and became active in politics. In November 1986, <mask> won a seat in the Maryland House of Delegates, representing parts of Baltimore County from 1987 to 1995.Personal
He married Kendel Sibiski in 1993. They have two sons, Drew Robert <mask> and Joshua Taylor <mask>. He is also a frequent guest on the Sports Junkies. Congress

In 1993, 2nd district Representative Helen Delich Bentley announced she would be vacating her seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. <mask>

masks:
Robert Leroy Ehrlich Jr
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich
Ehrlich


title: Bob Ehrlich

texts:
 announced his candidacy for the open seat and won the election in November 1994. During his term, he introduced legislation aimed at helping disabled people maintain employment and supported harsher gun violence penalties. While in Congress, <mask> served on the U.S. House Energy and Commerce Committee.He was also a member of the subcommittees on health, telecommunications and the Internet, and environment and hazardous materials; the Congressional Biotechnology Caucus, where he served as co-chairman; and the Congressional Steel Caucus. <mask> won all his elections in Congress by margins of at least 25%. He announced he would be forgoing reelection in 2002 to run for governor. He was succeeded by Dutch Ruppersberger. Governor of Maryland

2002 gubernatorial election

In 2002, Democratic Governor Parris Glendening's second term was ending. While Glendening had been reelected by a substantial margin in 1998, the final years of his term were plagued by a personal marital crisis, and a large state budget deficit. The rural areas of Marylandlargely Republicanhad long criticized Glendening for what they perceived as zealous environmental regulations; in addition, they believed that he did not give sufficient attention to their needs for infrastructure improvements (bridges, highways, etc.).On March 15, 2002, <mask> announced his candidacy for the governorship. He attacked Glendening's record, tying his Democratic opponent, Lt. Gov. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, to him. <mask> promised, if elected, to increase school funding, balance the budget, and protect the Chesapeake Bay. His running mate was Michael Steele, an African-American and the chair of the Maryland Republican Party. During the election, Townsend was criticized for her choice of running mate; she picked retired Admiral Charles R. Larson, a novice politician who had switched parties only a few weeks before.

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


title: Bob Ehrlich

texts:
 The Townsend campaign was also hurt by the unpopularity of Glendening, who had implemented a redistricting proposal that was overturned by Maryland's highest court.Townsend's popularity continued to fall when it was reported that much of her campaign money was given by out-of-state donors; <mask> remained on the attack while the lieutenant governor's poll numbers declined. Though Maryland traditionally votes Democratic and had not elected a Republican governor in almost 40 years, <mask> won the race (52% of the vote to Townsend's 47%). He was the sixth Republican governor in state history and the first since Spiro Agnew left office to take the Vice Presidency in 1969. Tenure as governor

<mask> said "fiscal responsibility, education, health, and the environment, public safety, and commerce" were the "Five Pillars" of his administration. He opposed sales and income tax increases and supported legalization of slot machines to raise revenue. Under <mask>'s tenure, Maryland stayed 0.5% or more below the national unemployment average. The unemployment rate dropped significantly from 4.5% in 2003 to 3.9% in 2006, with an increase of 98,000 private sector jobs, aided by its proximity to the strong labor market associated with the national capital.<mask> established a Department of Disabilities within his cabinet for people with disabilities – the first such cabinet-level agency in the nation. In 2004, <mask> signed the Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act: it funds upgrades of water treatment plants to reduce pollution discharge by a surcharge on business and residential water and septic bills. The resulting reduction in pollution into the bay was expected to meet approximately one-third of Maryland's obligations under the 2000 Chesapeake Bay Agreement. The Chesapeake Bay Foundation described the Chesapeake Bay Restoration Act as the most significant piece of legislation

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


title: Bob Ehrlich

texts:
 for the Bay in a generation. <mask> opposed President George W. Bush's 2006 approval for a United Arab Emirates firm to take control of six U.S. port operations, including those at the Port of Baltimore. (See Dubai Ports World controversy). In 2006, <mask> signed a law banning police traffic ticket quotas.Veto of the "Wal-Mart" Health Care Bill
In January 2006, <mask> vetoed the "Fair Share Health Care Bill," also known as the Walmart Bill, which required businesses with more than 10,000 employees in the state (three of the four companies being Walmart, Northrop Grumman, and Giant) to either spend eight percent of payroll on employee health care, or pay that amount to a state health program for the uninsured. The bill was commonly nicknamed after Walmart because it was the only company in Maryland of that size that did not already spend the requisite eight percent. <mask>, after consulting with counsel regarding the legal validity of the bill, vetoed the proposed legislation as it would run afoul of federal law. Despite this, and over the pleas of state representatives whose constituents benefited from Walmart's employment and feared a diminished presence in the state, the Democratic legislators of the Maryland Legislature passed the bill over <mask>'s veto, in part leading to cancellation of the building of a Walmart distribution center in one of Maryland's poorest counties. Critics of the international discount chain claimed that Wal-Mart's low wages force employees and their dependents to rely on state healthcare assistance. (See Wal-Mart Employee and Labor Relations). The bill's supporters claimed that the veto showed <mask>, whose official biography describes him as "unapologetically pro-business," had sided with "big corporate interests rather than Maryland's working families."For his part, <mask> called the bill the "first step toward government-run

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


title: Bob Ehrlich

texts:
 health care" by "anti-jobs lawmakers." He claimed that it would hurt low and middle-income consumers and was unfair to Wal-Mart and other businesses. On July 7, 2006, the Maryland law was overturned in federal court by U.S. District Judge Frederick Motz, who ruled that the law violated the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974, while also noting that it would "hurt Wal-Mart by imposing the administrative burden of tracking benefits in Maryland differently than in other states." 2006 gubernatorial election

Governor <mask> opted to seek a second term and did not face opposition in the Republican primary. On November 7, 2006, <mask> was defeated for re-election in the 2006 gubernatorial election by Baltimore Mayor Martin O'Malley, who won 53% to <mask>'s 46%. <mask>'s term as governor expired at noon on January 17, 2007. Between elections
A month after he left public office, <mask> and several aides from his administration opened a Baltimore-area office of North Carolina law firm Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice.His wife Kendel took a consulting job as a director of the BankAnnapolis. In March 2007, <mask> endorsed former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani for the US presidency. He was the Chairman of Giuliani's Mid-Atlantic Campaign Committee. <mask> and his wife hosted their own radio show on WBAL-AM Radio every Saturday from 2007 to 2010. Governor <mask> has guest lectured at Towson University in Professor Richard Vatz's political persuasion class twice a year since 1993. 2010 gubernatorial campaign

On March 30, <mask> announced that he would challenge incumbent Governor Martin O'Malley. In June 2010, <mask> was endorsed by Terrapin basketball standout and Memphis Grizzlies NBA draft pick Greivis Vásquez.On June 30, 2010, <mask> announced that his running mate would be Mary Kane, who had served under Governor <mask> as secretary of state, August 2,

masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


title: Bob Ehrlich

texts:
 2005, to January 17, 2007, and also as deputy secretary of state and chief legal counsel, March 2003 to August 2, 2005. He easily won the Republican primary. His former lieutenant governor, then Chairman of the Republican National Committee Michael Steele, traveled to Maryland on his "Fire Pelosi" bus tour to endorse <mask>. Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney also appeared at a fundraiser to endorse <mask>. Former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani campaigned in Maryland with <mask>, calling him "one of the best governors of all-time." In the general election, <mask> lost again to O'Malley 56% to 42%. In December 2011, <mask>'s 2010 campaign manager, Paul E. Schurick, was convicted of four counts of fraud and conspiracy concerning a scheme to suppress the black vote using 112,000 fraudulent robocalls, which discouraged voters from going to the polls.Political consultant Julius Hensen was also convicted on one count. Support for presidential candidates
In October 2011, <mask> was named chairman of Mitt Romney's Maryland campaign for election as president in 2012. After initially supporting John Kasich as a Republican candidate in the 2016 presidential primaries, <mask> endorsed nominee Donald Trump in May 2016. After politics
As of December 2020, <mask> was working as senior counsel in the Washington office of King & Spalding, a major corporate law firm, on the governmental advocacy and public policy (lobbying) team. Election history

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masks: Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich Ehrlich


title: Jaroslav Křička

texts:
<mask> (; 27 August 1882 in Kelč, Moravia – 23 January 1969 in Prague) was a Czech composer, conductor, and music teacher. He was the brother of poet <mask>[de]. Life
<mask> was born into the family of the Kelč village cantor and headmaster <mask> (1848–1891) as the oldest of three siblings. His mother was Františka Křičková (1861-1936). His brother <mask> (1884–1949) later became a well-known poet, and his sister Pavla Křičková (1886–1972) became a writer. Their father enthusiastically supported the musical education of his children; Jaroslav received violin, piano, and voice lessons as a child. He attended high school in Havlíčkův Brod and graduated in 1900.As a high school student, he founded his own vocal quartet, string quartet, and student orchestra and began to compose. After graduating from high school, he moved to Prague and studied at the Prague Conservatory from 1902 to 1905. Under the tutelage of Josef Klicka, he studied organ, orchestration, and harmony. He studied conducting with Karel Knittl[cs] and composition with Karel Stecker[cs]. His musical role models were the famous Czech composers Antonín Dvořák, Bedřich Smetana, and Zdeněk Fibich, and later also the Czech modernists Vítězslav Novák and Josef Suk. After studying for a year in Berlin (1905–1906), he moved to Russia  for three years (1906–1909) and taught music theory, harmony, and chamber music at the Imperial Music School in

masks:
Jaroslav Křička
Petr Křička
Jaroslav Křička
František Křička
Petr Křička


title: Jaroslav Křička

texts: Ekaterinoslav. There he founded an orchestra with which he performed works by Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana.In Russia, he developed friendships with the composers Alexander Glazunov and Sergei Tanejev. <mask> was inspired by Russian poetry and music, and the work of composers Mikhail Glinka and Modest Mussorgsky particularly influenced his compositions. It was in Ekaterinoslav that he penned one of his most famous songs, "Albatross," from the cycle Severní noci (Northern Nights). Mussorgsky's song cycles for children also inspired him to compose his own children's songs. <mask> moved to Prague in 1909, and from 1911 to 1920 he directed the Prague choir Hlahol[cs]. His tenure as director afforded him the opportunity to study numerous works by contemporary Czech composers such as Leoš Janáček, Vítězslav Novák, and Otakar Jeremiáš, in addition to premiering Novák's cantata Svatební košile (The Wedding Shirt), Op.48. During this period, he also began his first major work: the opera Hipolyta.From 1911 he championed his former teacher Karel Stecker at the Prague Conservatory, and after Stecker's death in 1919 he was appointed as a full professor of composition. On October 14, 1918, he married Marie Krbová, a pianist and singer in the Hlahol choir who studied under Josef Bohuslav Foerster. Together with his student <mask> Řídký, <mask> conducted the choir of the Czech Philharmonic from 1922 to 1930.

masks: Křička Křička Jaroslav Křička


title: Jaroslav Křička

texts:
 During the critical years of World War II and the German occupation (1942–1945), he also served as rector of the Conservatory. During his many years of teaching at the Prague Conservatory, <mask> <mask> trained numerous composers, including <mask> Řídký, Karel Hába, Emil Hlobil, Karel Janeček, Václav Trojan, Ján Cikker, Jan Kapr and Jarmil Burghauser. He spent the last years of his life in the peaceful foothills of the Bohemian forest, where he dedicated himself to his composing in the village of Červené Dvorce near Sušice. He is buried in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague.Honors
In 1936, <mask> <mask> won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his Horácká suita (Horácko Suite a.k.a. Mountain Suite), Op. 63. He was elected a member of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1921, and in 1957 he received the esteemed title of Honored Artist (Zasloužilý umělec). The Křička Brothers Museum is located in his hometown of Kelč. Works
<mask> <mask>'s work encompasses almost all musical genres, in his words, “from passions to operetta,” with a distinct emphasis on vocal compositions. In addition to song cycles and cantatas, he also composed operas, operettas, incidental music, symphonies, string quartets, and chamber music works.His compositions for children were significant and unique for his time; he wrote numerous children's song cycles and the first Czech children's opera, Ogaři

masks: Jaroslav Křička Jaroslav Jaroslav Křička Jaroslav Křička


title: Jaroslav Křička

texts:
 (1918). At the end of the silent film era, <mask> began composing film scores; in 1929, he wrote the music for the historical film Svatý Václav, which commemorated one thousand years since the death of the Bohemian ruler Wenceslaus I. He began composing operettas after 1945. In addition to his musical compositions, <mask> wrote many treatises on music and published regularly in the music periodicals Hudební revue and Hudební rozhledy. Song Cycles

 Severní noci (Northern Nights), Op. 14 (1909/1910), four songs based on poetry by Konstantin Balmont
 1. Albatros (Albatross)
 2.Labuť (Swan)
 3. Ukolébavka (Lullaby)
 4. U skandinávských skal (By the cliffs of Scandinavia)
 O lásce a smrti (On Love and Death), Op. 15 (1910), four songs on texts by Konstantin Balmont
 Písně rozchodu (Farewell Songs), Op. 19 (1916), four songs based on texts by Otakar Theer[cs]
 Tři bajky pro soprán a klavír (Three Fables for soprano and piano), (1917), based on fairytales by Božena Němcová and Alexander Afanasyev's fables
 Jaro pacholátko (Spring Child), Op. 29 (1919), three recitatives for high voice and piano
 Jiříčkovy písničky (Little Jiří's Songs), Op. 36 (1917, 1922-1923), collection of children's songs
 Daniny písničky a říkadla (Dana's Songs and Rhymes), Op.49 (1928), children's songs and rhymes for toddlers
 Míšovy písničky (Míša's Songs) (1932), collection of children's songs
 Naše paní Božena Němcová (Our Lady

masks: Křička Křička


title: Jaroslav Křička

texts:
 Julianna), Op.90 (1948), opera
 Zahořanský hon (The Hunt of Zahořany), Op. 98a (1949), musical comedy based on a story by Alois Jirásek
 Český Paganini aneb Slavík a Chopin (Czech Paganini, or Slavík and Chopin) (1951), operetta
 Kolébka (The Cradle), Op. 101 (1950), musical comedy with songs and dances based on a story by Alois Jirásek
 Tichý dům (The Silent House), Op. 105 (1952), operetta based on a story by Jan Neruda
 Polka vítězí (The Polka Wins), Op. 111 (1954), operetta
 Cirkus Humberto (Circus Humberto), Op. 118 (1955), operetta
 Kalhoty (The Pants) (1962), Singspiel
 Pohádka o 12 měsíčkách (Fairy Tale of the 12 Months) (1962), Singspiel for school children based on a fairy tale by Božena Němcová
 Dvě komedie televizní: 1. Měsíc divů; 2.Šlechetný kasař aneb s poctivostí nejdál dojdeš (Two TV Comedies: 1. The Month of Marvels; 2. The Noble Safecracker, or Honesty is the Best Policy) (1963), two opera miniatures

Film Music

 Svatý Václav (1929)
 Naši furianti (1937)
 Cech panen kutnohorských (1938)
 Gabriela (1942)
Jarní píseň (1944)
 Nikola Šuhaj (1947)
 Štika v rybníce (1951)

Literature
 Ondřej Maňour: Křička, <mask>. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg. ): Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Zweite Ausgabe, Personenteil, Band 10 (Kemp – Lert). Bärenreiter/Metzler, Kassel u. a.2003, , Sp. 712–715 (online entry, subscription required for full access)
 Jaromíra Trojanová: Jaroslav Křička:


title: Dian Wei

texts:
<mask> () (died February or March 197) was a military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. Famed for his enormous strength, <mask> excelled at wielding a pair of jis (a halberd-like weapon), each of which was said to weigh 40 jin. He was killed in action at the Battle of Wancheng while covering Cao Cao's escape from Zhang Xiu's forces. Background
<mask> was from Jiwu County (), Chenliu Commandery (), in present-day Ningling County, Henan. He was described as a stalwart man with great strength and the ambition of becoming a youxia (vigilante). Assassinating Li Yong
When he was young, <mask> once agreed to help a certain Liu family in Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County, Henan) take revenge against one Li Yong (). As Li Yong was a former county chief, he had bodyguards to protect him during his travels.<mask> <mask> disguised himself as a marquis and travelled to Li Yong's house in a carriage filled with food and wine. He entered the house without challenge, stabbed Li Yong with a concealed dagger, and killed Li Yong's wife as well. He then left the house and retrieved his weapons (a sword and a ji) from the carriage and walked away. As Li Yong lived near the marketplace, news of his death spread quickly and the whole town was shocked. Hundreds of men went to pursue the murderer but none of them dared to approach <mask> <mask>. After travelling four or five li on foot, <mask> <mask> met his companions and they escaped after a brief fight with the pursuers. <mask> <mask> became recognised as a hero after this

masks:
Dian Wei
Dian Wei
Dian Wei
Dian Wei
Dian
Wei
Dian
Wei
Dian
Wei
Dian
Wei


title: Dian Wei

texts:
 incident.Service under Cao Cao
Around February or March 190, when the regional official Zhang Miao was rallying an army to join the campaign against Dong Zhuo, <mask> <mask> answered the call and became a subordinate of Zhao Chong (), a military officer serving under Zhang Miao. Once, a large banner was swaying in the strong wind and many men could not stop it from swaying despite their combined efforts. <mask> <mask> used only one hand to grab the banner pole and succeeded in keeping it upright. Zhao Chong was very impressed with <mask> <mask>'s strength. <mask> <mask> later became a subordinate of Xiahou Dun, a general under the warlord Cao Cao. He was promoted to the rank of Major () for his valour in battle. Battle of Puyang

Around September 194, when Cao Cao was at war with a rival warlord Lü Bu in Yan Province, he launched a surprise night raid on one of Lü Bu's camps located 40-50 li west of Puyang County and destroyed it before dawn.Just as Cao Cao and his troops were planning to return to their base, Lü Bu personally led reinforcements from Puyang County to attack them and caught them in an onrush. <mask> <mask> ordered dozens of men to gather around him, put on two layers of armour, discard their shields and arm themselves only with spears and jis. Another wave of enemy soldiers closing in from the west unleashed a barrage of arrows onto <mask> <mask> and his men. <mask> <mask> remained oblivious to the arrows and told his men, "Let me know when the enemy is ten paces away." The men did so. <mask> <mask> then said again, "Let me know when they are

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


title: Dian Wei

texts:
 five paces away." The men then suddenly cried out in fear, "The enemy is upon us!"<mask> <mask> was holding on to a dozen jis, and he flung them at the enemy when they approached him. Each ji knocked down an enemy soldier and not a single one missed its target. As the sun rose, Lü Bu retreated back to Puyang while Cao Cao withdrew back to his base as well. Cao Cao was so impressed with <mask> <mask> that he promoted him to the rank of Commandant () and put him in command of hundreds of his personal bodyguards who patrolled the areas around his tent. As Cao Cao's bodyguard
<mask> <mask> was a robustly built fighter. He personally selected the soldiers who would serve under him. In battle, <mask> <mask> and his men were always the first to charge into the enemy formation.<mask> <mask> was later promoted to the rank of Colonel (). <mask> <mask> was known for being a loyal, prudent and responsible man. He often stood guard outside Cao Cao's tent from morning until dusk, and even at night he would sleep beside Cao Cao's tent, and he rarely returned to his own quarters. He was also a heavy eater and drinker, eating in huge mouthfuls and drinking in long gulps. Because of his enormous appetite, several men were required to serve him whenever he sat down for meals. Cao Cao was very impressed with him. <mask> <mask>'s weapons of choice were a pair of jis or long swords.There was a saying in Cao Cao's army about <mask> <mask>: "In our camp resides the warrior <mask> <mask>, who wields a pair of jis weighing 80 jin in total." Death at the Battle of Wancheng

In February

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


title: Dian Wei

texts: 197, Cao Cao invaded Wancheng (宛城; present-day Wancheng District, Nanyang, Henan) in the north of Jing Province. Wancheng was the territory of the warlord Zhang Xiu, who immediately surrendered upon learning of Cao Cao's invasion. Cao Cao was pleased so he threw a party for Zhang Xiu and his men. During the party, <mask> <mask> stood guard behind Cao Cao, holding a giant battle axe whose blade was one chi long. Zhang Xiu and his followers did not dare to look up when they toasted to Cao Cao. Cao Cao had stayed in Wancheng for more than 10 days when Zhang Xiu suddenly rebelled and launched a surprise attack on his camp.Cao Cao was caught unprepared so he retreated with a few horsemen. <mask> <mask> stood guard at the entrance to the camp and prevented Zhang Xiu's soldiers from advancing further. The enemy then scattered and broke into Cao Cao's camp from the other entrances. <mask> <mask> had about a dozen men with him and they were all heavily outnumbered by Zhang Xiu's forces. However, <mask> <mask> fought bravely with a long ji, and with each swing of his weapon, he broke more than ten enemy spears. As the battle went on, <mask> <mask>'s men were eventually all killed and <mask> himself had sustained several wounds all over his body, but he continued fighting the enemy at close quarters with short weapons. <mask> <mask> grabbed two enemies and killed them, and the others did not dare to approach him.<mask> <mask> then rushed forward and slew several more enemy soldiers before eventually succumbing to his wounds. Just before his death, he was still glaring

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Dian Wei Dian Wei


title: Dian Wei

texts:
 and swearing at the enemy. Only after confirming that <mask> <mask> was dead did the enemies dare to come forward and decapitate him. <mask> <mask>'s head was passed around for Zhang Xiu's men to see. They also came to look at his headless body. By then, Cao Cao had already retreated safely to Wuyin County (舞陰縣; southeast of present-day Sheqi County, Henan), and he broke down in tears when he heard of <mask> <mask>'s death. He ordered his men to retrieve <mask> <mask>'s body and personally attended the funeral and had <mask> <mask> buried in Xiangyi County (襄邑縣; present-day Sui County, Henan).Later, whenever Cao Cao passed by <mask> <mask>'s grave, he would stop to pay his respects and mourn <mask> <mask>. Family
Cao Cao appointed <mask> <mask>'s son, <mask> Man (), as a langzhong (). Cao Cao missed <mask> <mask> later so he promoted <mask> Man to Major () and kept <mask> Man close to him. After Cao Cao died in 220, his son Cao Pi appointed <mask> Man as a Commandant () and granted him the title of a Secondary Marquis (). In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
<mask> <mask> appears as a character in the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the historical events before and during the Three Kingdoms period. <mask> <mask> first appeared in Chapter 10, and he was first introduced by Xiahou Dun to Cao Cao sometime in 193. According to Xiahou Dun, <mask> <mask> used to serve Zhang Miao but he could not get along well with Zhang's men, and he once killed tens of men before fleeing into the hills.While Xiahou Dun was out hunting,

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Dian Wei Dian Dian Dian Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


title: Dian Wei

texts:
 he saw <mask> <mask> chasing a deer across a stream and he brought the man back to his lord. Xiahou Dun continued to tell Cao Cao about <mask> <mask>'s background and physical prowess. Cao Cao then asked <mask> <mask> to demonstrate his skills. At that time, a huge banner was swaying in the wind and was on the verge of collapsing. Many of Cao Cao's men were unable to keep the banner upright even with their combined efforts. <mask> <mask> shouted at them to move back and he grabbed the banner pole with one hand and kept it steady. Cao Cao exclaimed, "This is Elai of ancient times!"<mask> <mask> then became a Commandant under Cao Cao. <mask> <mask>'s death at the Battle of Wancheng is described in greater detail in Chapter 16, but is more exaggerated than his historical biography. In this exaggeration, it was mentioned that <mask> <mask> was able to pick up the dead bodies of enemies by their feet and swing them as a means of attack, before he was finally killed by raining arrows and piercing spears. At <mask> <mask>'s funeral, Cao Cao wept and told his followers, "I don't feel very sad over the loss of my eldest son (Cao Ang) and my favourite nephew (Cao Anmin). I'm only mourning <mask> <mask>!" In popular culture

<mask> <mask> appears as a character in Koei's Dynasty Warriors, Warriors Orochi, and Romance of the Three Kingdoms video game series. He also appears in Chan Mou's manhua series The Ravages of Time, a retelling of the historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.<mask> <mask> appears alongside Xu Chu as a guardian spirit of General Cao Yanbing in

masks: Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei Dian Wei


title: Nathan Wang

texts:
<mask><mask> (born August 8, 1956 in Los Angeles, California, USA) is an American music composer and director. He graduated from Pomona College in California and received an Ambassadorial Scholarship from Rotary International to study at Oxford University. He is the winner of the Cable Ace award for the soundtrack to the documentary The Lost Children of Berlin. He also composed the acclaimed soundtrack for the aviation film, One Six Right. <mask> is a Master of Movie Music with Beijing DeTao Masters Academy (DTMA), a high-level, multi-disciplined, application-oriented higher education institution in Shanghai, China. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California, to parents from Shanghai, China. He began playing the piano at age three.He attended Pomona College, graduating in 1979. <mask> is an associate professor of film scoring at Peking University. Flight of the Living Dead (USA: new title)
 Highlander: The Search for Vengeance (2007) (V)
 Everest E.R. (2006)
 Wendy Wu: Homecoming Warrior (2006) (TV)
 The World According to Sesame Street (2006)
 Ten Days That Unexpectedly Changed America: Massacre at Mystic (2006) (TV)
 She's the Man (2006)
 ... a.k.a. L'homme c'est elle (Canada: French title)
 Tom and Jerry: The Fast and the Furry (2005) (V)
 Enter the Dragonfly (2005)
 San wa (2005)

masks:
Nathan T
. Wang
Nathan Wang
Wang
Career Wang


title: Emma Lee French

texts:
<mask> (April 21, 1836 – November 16, 1897), better known as <mask>, was an English nurse born in Uckfield, East Sussex. She travelled to Utah and Arizona in the United States, where she became well known as a carer for the sick. Journey to Salt Lake City
After being converted to Mormonism, <mask> arrived in Chicago from England. She then headed to Iowa, where she pushed a cart filled with goods given by her church. She then left for Salt Lake City, Utah. She pushed the cart herself for the 1,400 mile walk, as one of the many Mormon handcart pioneers. She joined a company of her church's members for that trip, of which 150 died during snowstorms.Many others suffered from other illness, such as frozen feet, noses and other diseases. <mask> helped care for them, eventually leading to most of them fully recovering. During the trip, she also served as midwife to a pregnant woman, carrying her in the cart as the woman was close to delivering. Life with John D<mask>
Upon arriving in Salt Lake City, she worked for seven years as an indentured servant to pay for her trip from England. Afterwards, she met John D<mask>, a prominent man among Latter-day Saints members. Brigham Young married the couple on January 7, 1858. <mask> was John’s 17th wife.John D<mask> was eventually convicted for his participation in the Mountain Meadows massacre that left 140 people dead. Before this, John and <mask> were followed by federal marshals for about twenty years. At one time <mask> was tried but was freed after a hung jury. In 1868, George Hicks, a columnist from Harmony, Utah, wrote in a local newspaper that the <mask>s had to

masks:
Emma Louise Batchelor Lee French
Emma Lee French
Emma Lee
Emma Lee
. Lee
. Lee
Emma
. Lee
Emma Lee
John Lee
Lee


title: Emma Lee French

texts: leave town in ten days or John would be hanged. <mask> then spoke personally with George Hicks, warning him not to keep making threats against her and her husband. Hicks relented, never speaking against the <mask>s on his column again. He did, however, complain about the <mask>s to the town's Bishop, who proposed that Hicks and <mask> should be baptized together.<mask> agreed, but not without complaining; she told the bishop she'd do it "seeing that (the bishop) are so inconsiderate as to require a woman to be immersed when the water is full of snow and that too for defending the rights of her husband". She continued on, saying: "Perhaps if (the bishop's) backside gets wet in ice water (he) will be more careful how (he) decide again". Impressed by her speech, the bishop then agreed not to go on with the baptism. <mask> was ordered to carry out important tasks for the Mormons, and in 1871, he was sent to the Colorado River, near the border between Arizona and Utah, to establish a ferry service in a location now known as Lee's Ferry. Because, under Mormon doctrine, John Doyle <mask> was allowed to have multiple wives, he had to travel much of the time, to attend to his other wives and children. <mask> often left to visit his "gold mines". As a consequence, <mask> was left to attend both the ferry and her children.When <mask> left Lonely Dell after <mask>'s death, she had several coffee cans of gold. At one time there was a gold map showing the location of the mine which is now under Lake Powell. In 1873, a settlement of Navajo people came up near the <mask> home. Fearful for her children's fate, she decided

masks:
Emma
Lee
Lee
Lee
Emma Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Emma Lee
Emma Lee
Lee
Lee


title: Emma Lee French

texts:
 to befriend the Navajos, and discovered that the tribe's chief was a friend of her husband's. They spent one night at the Navajo camp, after which the Navajo left. At one time, a Navajo Chief came into <mask>'s lodge to attack her, but <mask> had a steaming pot of water on the stove. She threw the hot water into his face.Later, the chief came back and apologized and asked medical attention for the burns. Afterwards, he told his tribe that <mask> was a very powerful woman and had a great spirit and to leave her alone. Another time, a group of warriors camped nearby. <mask> heard them talking about killing her and the children. In response, she took the children and camped with the Navajos. Later that year, <mask> gave birth to her sixth baby. With John Doyle gone, she had to ask the oldest person besides her at the <mask> house, her son John Jr., to help her cut the umbilical cord.They did this task to perfection, and a daughter was safely born. John Doyle <mask> was caught by the US Army, tried again for the Meadow Mountain Massacre, found guilty, and shot by a firing squad on March 23, 1877, and buried at the site of the massacre. With small children and economically in need, <mask> sold the ferry to the LDS Church for 100 milk cows in 1879. She was helped by a Civil War veteran, <mask>. <mask> was a wandering gold prospector. Life with <mask>
On August 9, 1879, <mask> and <mask> married, in Snowflake, Arizona. They found a home near Holbrook, Arizona.Afterwards, they moved to the White Mountains. The White Mountain Apaches rose up in 1882 and killed 150 settlers that night. <mask> was warned just before

masks:
Emma
Emma
Emma
Emma
Emma Lee
Lee
Lee
Emma Lee
Franklin French
French
Franklin French
Emma Lee
French
Emma


title: Emma Lee French

texts:
 the attack on her ranch and was able to escape with her children and some ranch hands. She heard the shooting of the livestock and saw the smoke from the burning buildings. Later, French sued the government for $10,000 for the loss of the ranch, but the land was resurveyed and was found to be on Apache land. In 1887 she and Franklin moved to Winslow, Arizona, and established a dairy ranch. At that time, the Santa Fe railroad was being built.Many times, the railroad would send a special train to bring <mask> to help take care of the railroad workers injuries. She was known as "Dr. French", although she had no official medical title. She helped multiple women, including Navajos and prostitutes, give birth. In 1888, her daughter, <mask>, committed suicide. In 1892, her son Ike confronted a man who was trying to seduce his wife and was murdered by the man. Death
On November 17, she was fixing breakfast when she said "I don't feel too well" and suffered a heart attack. A crowd of businessmen, Navajos and prostitutes kept vigil outside her home as she lay in bed dying that night.Her funeral was one of the largest held in Winslow. The Santa Fe railway stopped their trains as a tribute to her. Her tombstone is in the old cemetery in Winslow, Arizona, marked as "Dr. French". See also
Lee's Ferry and Lonely Dell Ranch

References

Further reading

External links
Page about her on the website of one of her descendants

1836 births
1897 deaths
Mormon pioneers
People from Winslow, Arizona
People from Uckfield
English Latter Day Saints
English emigrants to the United States
Place of death missing
People from Holbrook,

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Emma
Victoria Lee


title: Irving Peress

texts:
<mask> (July 31, 1917 – November 13, 2014) was a New York City dentist who became a primary target for investigation of alleged communist leanings during the 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings. Early life
<mask> was born in the Bronx on July 31, 1917. The son of a tailor, he was raised in Manhattan and attended George Washington High School. He graduated from the City College of New York, where he was a member of the Reserve Officer Training Corps. He graduated from the New York University College of Dentistry in 1940 and established a practice in New York City. He became involved in politics after marrying Elaine Gittelson, an English teacher who became a therapist and psychiatric social worker. In the 1940s, he indicated the American Labor Party (ALP) as the party choice on his voter registration form.(New York voter registration and elections include party enrollment and closed primaries.) As a liberal third party, the ALP was a frequent target of anti-Communists who viewed it as a Communist front. Military service
<mask> applied for a commission as an Army dentist during World War II, but failed his physical because of a hernia and did not serve. <mask> was maintaining a thriving practice by the early 1950s when doctors and dentists were being drafted for the Korean War. He gained weight in an effort to aggravate his high blood pressure, fail his physical, and avoid induction into the military. After passing the physical, he applied for and received a commission as a captain in the Army Dental Corps. He was inducted into the Army Reserve on October 5, 1952, and reported for active duty on January 3, 1953.Originally slated for assignment to Japan, <mask> asked for and received a compassionate reassignment based on his wife's and

masks:
Irving Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress


title: Irving Peress

texts:
 daughter's illnesses. He was reassigned to Camp Kilmer, New Jersey. As part of his application for his commission, <mask> signed an oath indicating that he had never been a member of an organization that sought to overthrow the U.S. government by unconstitutional means. When he later completed a more detailed questionnaire, <mask> responded to queries about membership in the Communist party or affiliated organizations with the phrase "federal constitutional privilege", an allusion to the Fifth Amendment. The chief dental surgeon at Camp Kilmer later testified that <mask> had no access to sensitive information there and that he and his assistant had, at the request of the camp's intelligence officer, monitored <mask>' activities without discovering anything at all suspicious. Although this monitoring failed to uncover any wrongdoing by <mask>, he still received fitness reports that called him a "very disloyal and untrustworthy type of officer" and stated that he was devoting himself to "the seeding of dissatisfaction". Target of McCarthy
In October 1953, <mask> was promoted to major, even though his commanding officer had recommended that <mask> be separated from the military because of suspicions stemming from his questionnaire answers.The Army later described it as a "readjustment in rank" made to comply with the Doctors' Draft Act, a recent law that required that the rank of military medical professionals reflect their level of experience. Soon after <mask> was promoted, the Senate Government Operations Committee received an anonymous complaint stating that <mask> had been promoted even though he was under surveillance for communist activities. As a result of the complaint and subsequent inquiries, Army leaders decided in

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