title: Charles Cornelisz. de Hooch

texts:
 accompanied by firmer, more tangible modeling details”.Best known works
‘De duiventil - <mask>’, Panel 27x32, in Museum Kunstliefde in Utrecht
‘De grot - <mask><mask> f.’ Panel, 53x79, in Fredensborg Palace in Kopenhagen
‘De Catacomben, panel 68x93, in the collection <mask> d’Arenberg in Brussel

An interesting case are two landscapes with ruins in Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum of Aken (nr 67 and 68 of their 1883 catalogue), are both wrongly attributed to <mask> <mask> (according to Dr. <mask> <mask>), because Pieter never painted landscapes. Although Arnold Houbraken thought that he was a pupil of Nicolaes Berchem, it could be that these were Carel <mask>’s paintings. De Hooch family of artists
<mask>z. <mask> is not the father of the famous painter of interiors <mask> <mask>, as is often mentioned. C.H.C. Flugi van Aspermont argues that this is not true, though Het schildersregister by Jan Sysmus, doctor of the city of Amsterdam, which was published by Dr. Abraham Bredius in Oud Holland VIII, mentions (p.222) ‘Karel <mask>, vader van Pieter’ and on p. 307 ‘’. P. Haverkorn van Rijsewijk writes in Oud-Holland X, p. 172, that he found a testament (dating 21 dec 1657) saying: “Henrick <mask>ge, metselaer benoemt SIJN SOON <mask> <mask>, schilder”.Which implies that not <mask>. <mask>, but Henrick <mask> is Pieter's father. <mask> Hoogh lived in the same street as Hendrik <mask> during his marriage. A Hendrik <mask>h was a witness during the baptism of Pieter's daughter Anna. Pieter's age coincides with the age on Hendrik's son Pieter's baptising. <mask> <mask> was possibly the brother of Dirck Cornelis <mask>. References

<mask>.<mask> on Artnet

1600s births
1638 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Artists from

masks:
Charles DHooch
Charles D
. Hooch
Prince Charles
Pieter de
Hooch
Hofstede
de Groot
de Hooch
Charles Colis
de Hooch
Pieter de
Hooch
de Hoogh
de Ho
Pieter de
Hooch
Charles Cornelisz
de Hooch
de Hoge
Pieter de
de Hoogh
de Hoog
Charles Cornelisz
de Hooch
de Hooch
Charles Cornelisz
De Hooch


title: Feliciano de Silva

type: original

texts:
<mask> (1491 – June 24, 1554) was a Spanish writer. <mask> was born in Ciudad Rodrigo to a powerful family, <mask> wrote “sequels” to La Celestina and Amadis de Gaula. <mask> was a prolific writer. His first chivalresque work, Lisurate de Grecia (nephew of <mask>a), was published in 1514. It is a relatively short work. His Amadis of Greece (1530) continued the success enjoyed by this first work. Amadis of Greece is divided into two parts which deal with the adventures of Amadis of Greece, Knight of the Burning Sword, son of Lisuarte of Greece and Onoloria of Trabizond (Trapisonda), as well as his love for both Princess Lucela of France and Princess Niquea of Thebes, whom he subsequently marries.<mask> followed this work with two others: Don Florisel <mask> (Sir Florisel of Nicaea) (1532) – which deals with the knightly adventures and loves of first-born son of Amadís <mask> and Princess Niquea – and Don Rogel <mask> (Sir Rogel of Greece) (1535). In 1551, he published the voluminous Cuarta parte de don Florisel. Many of his chivalreque works were translated into English and French. <mask>'s sequels to Amadis of Gaul:
 Book VII : 1514 Lisuarte de Grecia
 Book IX : 1530 Amadis de Grecia
 Book X : 1532 Don Florisel de Niquea
 Book XI : 1535 & 1551 Don Rogel <mask>recia

His Segunda Celestina, his sequel to Celestina, is an original work in its own right, and is a mixture of Erasmian satire, picaresque themes, and high-quality verses. One of many imitations of Celestina, <mask>’s was the most popular, and features the love shared between Felides and Polandria. He also wrote Sueño de Feliciano <mask> (<mask> <mask>’s Dream), added to the end of Amadis of Greece, which deals with the history of <mask>’s

masks:
Feliciano de Silva
de Silva
Silva
de Silva
Amadis de Gaul
Silva
de Niquea
de Gcia
de Gcia
Feliciano
de G
Silva
de Silva
Feliciano
de Silva
Silva


title: Feliciano de Silva

texts:
 romance with the woman who would become his wife (in 1520), Gracia Fe, daughter of the converso Hernando <mask>, against the wishes of his family. <mask> died in Ciudad Rodrigo, and was buried in the convent of Santo Domingo (no longer extant).Florisel of Niquea
Florisel of Niquea is a Spanish Chivalric romance of the sixteenth century , tenth in the series of Amadís de Gaula , and continues the action. It was first printed in Valladolid in 1532. Its full title is 'The Chronicle of the Very Brave and Hard-working and Invincible Knights Don Florisel <mask>a and the Strong Anaxartes, sons of the very excellent Prince Amadís of Greece'. The work is divided into two books, the first of which has sixty-nine chapters and the second sixty-four. In accordance with the topic of false translation , the text is said to have been originally written in Greek language by Zirfea, queen of Argines, and later translated into Latin , from which <mask> supposedly translated it into Spanish. Summary
In the pages of the work the adventures of Don Florisel <mask>, son of Amadís of Greece and Niquea, and of his half-brothers Anaxartes and Alastraxerea, extramarital children of Amadís of Greece and Zahara, queen of the Caucasus, and others are recounted. many knights and maidens.The main characters are built on the Amadisian models of Amadís and Galaor, except that in this work the main protagonist, Don Florisel, is the fickle and fickle lover and Anaxartes, the secondary protagonist, is exemplary faithful. First book
The twins Anaxartes and Alastraxerea, sons of Queen Zahara of the Caucasus , who believe they are children of the god Mars but whose real father is Amadís of Greece, are armed knights and set out in search

masks:
de Caracena
de Silva
de Nique
Silva
de Niquea


title: Feliciano de Silva

texts: of adventure. Florisel <mask>a is deceived by the princess Arlanda of Thrace , a relationship from which Florarlán will be born. Silvia, who is Florisel's aunt but thinks her parents are shepherds from Alexandria , arrives in Niquea and finds Alastraxerea, and together they decide to try to free Prince Anastarax, whom Silvia is in love with and who is enchanted in the Tower of the Universe. On the way they join a group in which they travel Zair of Trabzon (son of Lisuarte from Greece and his second wife Abra), his twin Leonoria and second Oriana, daughter of Olorius from Spain and Luciana from Greece . Silvia manages to disenchant Anastarax and it is discovered that she is the daughter of Lisuarte <mask>recia and the late Onoloria. Florisel <mask>a falls in love with Elena, daughter of King Brimartes of Apollonia ( Poland ), fiancee of Prince Lucidor of France.Florisel manages to evade Arlanda's harassment by pretending that she is Alastraxerea, whom she remarkably resembles; Alastraxerea tries to free him by pretending that she is Florisel, but falls prey to Arlanda. Wanting to escape from there, Florisel, who is supposed to be Alastraxerea, accepts the commission to defend the Tower of the Universe. Arlanda discovers the deception and orders Alastraxerea to go kill the Guardian of the Tower. However, before his arrival, Anaxartes appears in the Tower and confronts Florisel, without knowing their identities. Their combat is very violent and both fall senselessly to the ground, which breaks the enchantment of the Tower and all the princes who were enchanted there are released, among which were Amadís <mask>, Esplandián, Lisuarte <mask>recia and Amadís from Greece. Florisel goes to Apolonia, to try to

masks:
de Nique
de G
de Nique
de Gaula
de G


title: Feliciano de Silva

texts:
 prevent the marriage of Lucidor and Elena. Alastraxerea, still under the identity of Florisel, is kidnapped by Don Falanges <mask>, extramarital son of the King of Trapobana, who has fallen in love with her.To rescue her, Florisel disguises herself as Alastraxerea, is captured by Phalanges, and achieves her sister's freedom. Phalanges forgives the deception and decides to accompany Florisel to Apolonia, where they arrive shortly before Lucidor. Florisel secretly marries Elena and they escape to Constantinople, where the weddings are held. Second book
Prince Lucidor, seized with anger, swears revenge on the Greek imperial house and a war breaks out between France and Greece. After several battles and challenges, the support of Lucidor from the troops of Breo, king of Russia , who until then was an ally of the Greeks, forces them to retreat, but later the king of Russia decides to attack the French. The Greeks support Lucidor's army and together they defeat the traitor. After the war, Amadís of Greece feels his old love for Princess Lucela reborn and he retires to an uninhabited mountain, where he is the victim of an enchantment.Florisel and other gentlemen looking for him. In the course of this search, and to save Don Falanges <mask> from death, Florisel is forced to marry, under the feigned identity of Morayzel, the beautiful Sidonia, queen of the Guindaya island. Sidonia becomes pregnant with Florisel, but he abandons her as soon as possible. Sidonia gives birth to a daughter, Diana, whose hand is offered by the spiteful mother to whom she brings Florisel's head. During a trip to Constantinople , Lucela manages to disenchant Amadís from Greece. At the end of the play, the main characters congregate

masks:
de Astra
de Astra


title: Feliciano de Silva

texts:
 in Rhodes, where, through the intervention of Zirfea, Alquife and 'Urganda the Unknown' , Amadís of Greece recognizes Anaxartes and Alastraxerea as children. Again in Constantinople, the weddings of Falanges and Alastraxerea, Anaxartes and the second Oriana, Florisel and Elena, Anastarax and Silvia and Lucidor and Leonoria are celebrated.Reception
The work presents the peculiarity, very rare in the chivalric genre, of beginning with its chronological location, since as it is said in the first lines of chapter I of the first book, Queen Zahara gave birth to twins Anaxartes and Alastraxerea in May of the year 115 AD. Florisel <mask>a was a significantly popular work among readers of chivalric books, as it had at least six reprints: three in Seville (one in 1536 and two in 1546 ), one in Lisbon ( 1566 ) and two in Zaragoza ( 1584 and 1587 ). Translations
Florisel <mask>quea was translated into Italian language and published in that language in Venice in 1551 . It was also translated into French language , but its two books were published as separate works, the first in 1551 and the second in 1552 , as Books IX and X of the French Amadisian cycle. Thus divided, the work was translated into German language and published as books IX ( 1573 ) and X ( 1574 ) of the so-called Amadís cycle of France , and into Dutch language ( 1596 and 1597 ). Sequels
<mask> <mask> continued the action of the book in Rogel de Grecia , which is the third part (or third book) of Florisel <mask>quea and was published in 1535 . This work was continued by <mask> Luján in Silves de la Selva , published in 1546 .<mask> ignored Luján's work and in 1551 published a voluminous Fourth Part of Don Florisel <mask>a , which was the last

masks:
de Nique
de Ni
Feliciano
de Silva
de Ni
Pedro de
Silva
de Nique


title: Feliciano de Silva

texts:
 work in the Spanish Amadisian cycle. Mambrino Roseo wrote in Italian a continuation of Silves de la Selva , the First part of Esferamundi of Greece, first published in Venice in 1558. In 1554 the same Mambrino Roseo published in Italian another continuation of the Florisel called Florarlán de Thracia , in which the adventures of this son of Don Florisel <mask> and Princess Arlanda of Thrace are related. Legacy

<mask>’s style was subsequently mocked by <mask> Cervantes, who made <mask> <mask> Don Quixote's favorite author:

Translation:

The majority of Don Quixote commentators and scholars have sided with Cervantes in mocking <mask>’s works, though many of them had neglected to read them. Though he is hardly remembered today, <mask> enjoyed considerable success during the sixteenth century. His works are currently being re-evaluated and examined for their contribution to Spanish literature in the Siglo de Oro. External links
Ecos celestinescos en el "Lisuarte de Grecia" de Feliciano <mask>
 Reading guide for Books I and II by Florisel <mask> .Centro de Estudios Cervantinos, [1] 2003. Preview in Google Books . Antología de libros de caballerías castellanos Florisel <mask>a , Books I and II: fragments in Anthology of books of Castilian chivalry , pp. 53 - 58. Copy in Google Docs of the text in PDF of the Miguel de Cervantes Virtual Library . Reading guide for Book III by Florisel <mask> . Center for Cervantine Studies, 1999.Preview in Google Books. Florisel <mask> , Book III. Center for Cervantine Studies, 1999. Preview in Google Books. 1491 births
1554 deaths
People from the Province of Salamanca
Spanish male writers
Don Quixote
16th-century Spanish writers
16th-century Spanish novelists
16th-century

masks:
de Niquea
Silva
Miguel de
Feliciano
de Silva
Silva
de Silva
de Silva
de Niquea
de Nique
de Niquea
de Niquea


title: Nadja Swarovski

texts:
<mask> (born 5 May 1970) is an Austrian-American businesswoman. She joined the Swarovski family company in 1995, 100 years after it was founded by her great-great-grandfather Daniel Swarovski in 1895 in Wattens, Austria. She was the first female member of the executive board, and led the global brand strategy and communications of the business, which turned over approximately €3.5 billion in 2017. She served as the Chair of the Swarovski Foundation and headed the global Swarovski Waterschool program. She stepped down from the company at the end of December 2021. Early life and education
Swarovski was born in Germany and grew up in Austria, the fifth generation of her family to be involved in the Swarovski Crystal Business. Her great-great-grandfather Daniel supplied Swarovski crystals to embellish dresses for Queen Victoria; and her grandfather Manfred Swarovski worked with Christian Dior to create the iconic 'Aurora Borealis' stones.Her father Helmut Swarovski ensured that Swarovski remained at the forefront of technological advances and new market opportunities. She received a BA in Art History and Foreign Languages with a minor in Latin American Studies at Southern Methodist University in Texas, and studied at Sotheby's Institute of Art and the Gemological Institute of America in New York City. Career
Swarovski's career began at the Gagosian Gallery, before she went on to work for New York fashion PR Eleanor Lambert. She first worked for the Swarovski Crystal Business in Hong Kong before developing its branding and creative services functions in New York, followed by Paris, London and Singapore. On joining the family business in the mid-1990s she initiated a program of collaborations between the Swarovski brand and leading figures in fashion and jewelry, design and architecture, and stage and screen. Through these collaborations she sought to position the company at the vanguard of creative and lifestyle trends and established herself as a leading patron of creativity. In fashion, Swarovski initiated and oversaw Swarovski's collaborations with more than 200 designers, including Alexander McQueen, Philip Treacy, Jason Wu, Hussein


title: Nadja Swarovski

texts: Swarovski, a documentary short which captures the creative process behind a Swarovski crystal collaboration. From 2012 to 2020, Swarovski led the company's Sustainability strategy and oversaw its Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives.Building on <mask>'s founding principles of doing business in a way that respects the wellbeing of people and the planet, she steered the company in the direction of designing and manufacturing luxury goods that prioritize sustainable and ethical practices, while aligning Swarovski's efforts with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Swarovski champions gender equality on international platforms and promotes women's empowerment through the Swarovski Foundation. Swarovski is a signatory of the United Nations’ Women's Empowerment Principles (WEPs), and part of the UN Women UK National Committee Corporate Advisory Group. In 2018, the company supported a research program with BSR (Business for Social Responsibility) to explore and improve the lives of women in the jewelry supply chain. <mask> set up and chairs the philanthropic Swarovski Foundation, which was established in 2013 to support charitable initiatives and organizations working in three areas: culture and creativity, promoting human empowerment and preserving the environment. Key Swarovski Foundation partners include Women for Women International, Barefoot College, Nest, and The Nature Conservancy, while major capital projects have included the creation of the Swarovski Foundation Centre for Learning at the Design Museum in London. <mask> leads the efforts of Swarovski Waterschool, the company's flagship community investment program, which educates students in six continents across the globe about safe and sustainable water use.In 2018, Swarovski collaborated with the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television to create WATERSCHOOL, a feature-length documentary which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival and was released globally on Netflix. In 2015, she was appointed UK ambassador for the non-profit Women for Women International, which empowers women survivors of war. In 2018 she was also made its German ambassador. Swarovski

masks:
Daniel Swarovski
Swarovski
Swarovski


title: Nadja Swarovski

texts:
 holds Board level positions at UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television, FIT Foundation and the German Fashion Council and is a member of The Nature Conservancy's European Council for Global Conservation. In December 2021, she announced resignation from her family firm after 26 years to start a new chapter in her career, and that she would remain involved with the Swarovski Foundation as Chair Emeritus. Recognition
In 2020, Swarovski was named to the Business of Fashion’s BoF 500 professional index of the people shaping the fashion industry. In 2020, she received the Business Leader of the Year Award from Positive Luxury for her sustainability initiatives.In 2019, she received the Fashion Institute of Technology Social Impact in Sustainability Award. In 2019, she received an honorary doctorate from University of the Arts London. In 2018, she received the Fellowship Award at the Society of British and International Design awards. In 2018, she was awarded the Luxury Briefing Award for Outstanding Individual. In 2018, the Canadian Arts & Fashion Awards named <mask> as the recipient of the Global Fashion Business Leader Award. In 2018, she received the Visionary Award from the Women's Jewelry Association. In 2017, she received a Stephan Weiss Apple Award from Donna Karan's Urban Zen Foundation.In 2016, she was made a Chevalier de l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, in recognition of <mask>'s support for the Palace of Versailles in France. In 2013, she received the NatWest UK Fashion & Textile Award for Outstanding Achievement. In 2012, she received the Making a Difference Award 2012 from Women for Women International. In 2011, the Council of Fashion Designers of America honored Nadja for the company's continued support of the American fashion industry. In 2007, <mask> received a Visionaries Award from New York's Museum of Arts and Design. Personal life
<mask> is married to hedge-fund manager Rupert Adams. They have a son and two daughters.References

Women business executives
Living people
1970 births
Austrian women in business
20th-century Austrian businesspeople
21st-century Austrian businesspeople
20th-century businesswomen
21st-century

masks: Swarovski Swarovski Swarovski Swarovski


title: Marlene van Niekerk

texts:
<mask> (born 10 November 1954) is a South African poet, writer, and academic. She is best known for her novels, the satirical tragicomedy Triomf (1994) and the Herzog-winning Agaat (2004), which explore themes including the family, the change in power dynamics occasioned by the end of Apartheid, and inequalities of race, gender, and class. <mask> is also an award-winning poet. She writes in her native tongue, Afrikaans, and teaches at Stellenbosch University. Biography

<mask> was born on 10 November 1954 on Tygerhoek farm near Caledon in the Western Cape of South Africa. She attended school in Riviersonderend and Stellenbosch, matriculating from Hoërskool Bloemhof. She studied languages and philosophy at Stellenbosch University.She published her literary debut while still a student – Sprokkelster (1977), a volume of poetry, won the Eugène Marais Prize and the Ingrid Jonker Prize. In 1978, she obtained a Master's degree, with a thesis titled "Die aard en belang van die literêre vormgewing in 'Also sprach Zarathustra'" ("The nature and significance of the literary design in 'Also sprach Zarathustra'"). In 1985, she obtained a Dutch doctorandus in philosophy from the University of Amsterdam. Her thesis was on the works of Claude Lévi-Strauss and Paul Ricoeur, and was titled "Taal en mythe: een structuralistische en een hermeneutische benadering" ("Language and myth: a structuralist and a hermeneutic approach"). <mask> later taught philosophy at the University of Zululand and the University of South Africa, and from 1989 taught Afrikaans and Dutch literature at the University of the Witwatersrand. Currently, she is associate professor at Stellenbosch University's Afrikaans and Dutch department, where she teaches creative writing. She has published two novels, five volumes of poetry, and several short story collections.Theatre

While an undergraduate, <mask> wrote three plays for amateur theatre. In 1979, between her Master's and her doctorate, she moved to

masks:
Marlene van Niekerk
Van Niekerk
Marlene van Niekerk
Van Niekerk
van Niekerk


title: Marlene van Niekerk

texts:
 Germany to study directing as an apprentice at theatres in Stuttgart and Mainz. In April 2011, her play Die korstondige raklewe van Anastasia W, set in a funeral parlour, was staged in Stellenbosch under the direction of Marthinus Basson. It divided audiences (and provoked several angry letters to the editor in Afrikaans newspapers), with one favourable review calling it "a baroque assault of forms, idioms, wordplay, lyricism, operatic tragic-comic interludes, Brechtian theatrical alienation, and ripping symbolic violence." Novels

Triomf (1994)
Triomf (1994) is a tragicomedy about the Benade family: Mol, her brothers Treppie and Pop, and her son Lambert. Unemployed, they live in Triomf (“triumph”), a poor white suburb of Johannesburg, which was built on the ruins of Sophiatown, the famous black township, after the Apartheid government razed it down in the 1950s. The book opens in late 1993, with South Africa’s first democratic elections impending, and chronicles the Benades’ relationships with each other – they reel between hostility and (sometimes incestuous) intimacy – and their difficulties adapting to the new, post-Apartheid South Africa.Among other themes, the novel explores Apartheid's class dimensions and the status of poor whites in South Africa, who, <mask> suggests, were ostensibly the beneficiaries of Apartheid, but in fact became downtrodden and disfigured by its ideology. It received generally, but not exclusively, positive reviews, both in South Africa and abroad. The New York Times called it South Africa's "only world-class tragicomic novel, the kind of book that stabs at your heart while it has you rolling on the floor." Reviewers complimented the effectiveness of <mask>'s satirical treatment of the Benades' racism and sexism. Triomf was dramatised in a 2008 film, directed by Michael Raeburn. Agaat (2004)
Agaat (2004), <mask>'s second novel, takes place in 1996, when Kamilla (Milla) de Wet is in the late stages of motor neurone disease,

masks:
van Niekerk
van Niekerk
van Niekerk


title: Marlene van Niekerk

texts:
 deteriorating daily into complete paralysis and able to communicate only by blinks and glances. Agaat is the name she has given to her longstanding maid, on whom she now relies for her care.In this way, the shift in the power dynamics between Milla and Agaat mirror those occurring on a national level in post-Apartheid South Africa. By way of first-person narrative and extracts from her diaries from the 1950s, Milla reflects on her earlier life, as her relationship with Agaat begins to take on extraordinary significance in her memories, dwarfing her relationships with her son and with other men. The novel was met with critical acclaim. Liesl Schillinger of the New York Times called its register "more generous and humane" than that of Triomf, and said that it exemplified "the reason people read novels, and the reason authors write them." Writing in Bookforum, Mary Gaitskill said it was "extraordinary. "Agaat won seven South African literary awards, and Michiel Heyns won the 2007 Sol Plaatje Prize for Translation for his translation of Agaat into English. Asked about Agaat's depiction of the separation between men and women, <mask>k said that she was inspired by gender dynamics in Afrikaner culture, and by her experience of being treated, as a lesbian, as an outsider in the Afrikaner community.Bibliography

Novels
Triomf (1994; English version: Triomf, trans. Leon de Kock, 2000)
Agaat (2004; English version: Agaat or The Way of the Women, trans. Michiel Heyns, 2007)
Memorandum: 'n verhaal met skilderye, with pictures by Adriaan <mask> (2006, English version: Memorandum: A Story with Paintings, trans. Michiel Heyns)

Poetry
Sprokkelster, 1977
Groenstaar, 1983
Kaar, 2013
Gesant van die mispels: gedigte by skilderye van Adriaen Coorte ca. 1659-1707 (2017)
In die stille agterkamer: gedigte by skilderye van Jan Mankes 1889-1920 (2017)

Short stories
Die vrou wat haar verkyker vergeet het (1992)
Die verleiding van Margarethe <mask>liet deur die misbruik van die

masks:
van Nieker
van Zyl
van V


title: Marlene van Niekerk

texts:
 poësie en ander verhale (1999) (erotic stories in Dutch)
Die sneeuslaper: verhale (2010; English version: The Snow Sleeper, trans. Marius Swart, 2019)
The Swan Whisperer (2015; trans. <mask>k and Marius Swart)
<mask>'s work has also been translated into French, Danish, Italian, Swedish, and, frequently, Dutch.Awards
Novels

M-Net Literary Award (1995) for Triomf
 CNA Prize (1995) for Triomf
 Noma Award for Publishing in Africa (1995) for Triomf
 M-Net Literary Award (2005) for Agaat
 W.A. Hofmeyr Prize (2005) for Agaat
 University of Johannesburg Prize for Afrikaans Creative Writing (2005) for Agaat
Hertzog Prize (2007) for Agaat
Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns C.L. Engelbrecht Prize (2007) for Agaat
 Sunday Times Literary Award (2007) for Agaat
 Helgaard Steyn Prize (2008) for Agaat
Shortlisted for the Independent Foreign Fiction Prize (2008) for Agaat

Poetry and short stories
Eugène Marais Prize (1977) for Sprokkelster
 Ingrid Jonker Prize (1978) for Sprokkelster
 University of Johannesburg Prize for Afrikaans Creative Writing (2011) for Die Sneeuslaper
University of Johannesburg Prize for Afrikaans Creative Writing (2014) for Kaar
 Elisabeth Eybers Prize (2014) for Kaar
 Hertzog Prize (2014) for Kaar
In 2011, the South African president awarded <mask>k the Order of Ikhamanga (Silver) or her "outstanding intellectual contribution to the literary arts and culture." She was nominated for the 2015 Man Booker International Prize, and has honorary doctorates from Tilburg University and Stellenbosch University. References

External links
Journal of Literary Studies 25(3), 2009 (special issue dedicated to <mask>'s work)
Interview with the White Review, 2016

South African women novelists
1954 births
Living people
Afrikaans-language writers
White South African people
Lesbian writers
Hertzog Prize winners for prose
Stellenbosch University alumni
Stellenbosch University faculty
University of the Witwatersrand academics
LGBT writers from South

masks:
van Nieker
Van Niekerk
van Nieker
van Niekerk


title: Alberto Pérez (musician)

texts:
<mask> (Sigüenza, Guadalajara, 1950) is a Spanish singer, composer, guitarist and music producer. He has also been involved in radio and cinema throughout his career. Professional biography

1956–80 early years
He took his first steps in the music world in the choir of the Sagrada Familia (1956) and the so-called Rondalla Seguntina (1961), where he set foot on a stage and went on tours for the first time. At 16 he formed a pop group called "Somos" ("This is us") for which he composed his first songs and recorded his first demo tape. While doing military service in Madrid (1968–70), he got to know musicians from Guinea and for the first time had the chance to experiment with non-European music. He moved permanently to Madrid (1972), studied Spanish Philology (Linguistics) at the Complutense University and music, harmony and counterpoint at the Royal School of Music. In those years he travelled extensively around different European countries, where he worked as a 'troubadour' and theatre musician.1981 "La Mandrágora" (The Mandrake)
In 1981 he formed "La Mandrágora" together with Joaquín Sabina and Javier Krahe, a trio to which he brought his romantic touch as well as a sense of showmanship, and with whom he would make a record of the same name that is still being re-released. 1984–96 "Si yo fuera presidente" (If I were the President) – RTVE. The Alberto Pérez Orchestra
In 1984 he was invited to take part in the Spanish television programme "Si yo fuera presidente" for which he created a character inspired in the vocalists and crooners of the 1940s and 1950s who sung a selection of around 100


title: Alberto Pérez (musician)

texts:
 famous if long-forgotten songs. He formed the Alberto Pérez Orchestra that he would conduct for 12 years. His record "Amar y Vivir" (To Love and To Live) belongs to that period. 1989 "Corazón loco" (Crazy Heart) – Radio 3
In 1989 he accepted a proposal from Spanish Radio 3 to produce and host a programme about the history and evolution of Afrocuban music. It would be the origin of "Corazón Loco", a radio space that <mask> would conduct with a guitar in his hands and conversing with the listeners.Although with the unexplained closure of Radio 3 so too the programme had to end. 1990–99 "Sobre la pista" (On the dance floor) y "Tiempo de baile" (Time to dance): meeting Chicho Sánchez Ferlosio
Meeting Chicho Sánchez Ferlosio – with whom <mask> would have a fifteen-year-long friendship till Chicho's death in 2003 – was fruitful in the way of a collection of 20 dance songs, of various genre, that were composed as stylistic exercises. This enterprise would keep them busy for over two years and would eventually take form in "Sobre la pista" (1990) and "Tiempo de baile" (1997), produced and interpreted by <mask> himself and in which musicians from different generations and nationalities took part. Another project they both worked on was composing the soundtrack to the film Buenaventura Durruti, anarchist (1999), this time performed by Chicho. 1994–95 Voice and vibraphone: <mask> y <mask>
He met <mask> in 1994 while on a tour in Morocco and managed to arrange and perform, using only vocals and vibraphone, an overview of the history of the 'bolero'. Their collaboration lasted for about two years

masks:
Alberto Pérez
Alberto Pérez
Alberto Pérez
Alberto Pérez
Alberto Vergara
Alberto Vergara


title: Alberto Pérez (musician)

texts:
 until the return of the Venezuelan vibraphonist, <mask>, to his home country. 1995 Coming back to songwriting and solo music tours.A new guitar-playing technique. After his experience with the vibraphonist, <mask>, <mask> set about developing a new guitar-playing technique so as to be able to interpret some of his dance songs, as it were, in troubadour fashion. He put it to the test in a show called  "Más allá de la Mandrágora", that is, "Beyond the Mandrágora" (1995), which most unexpectedly brought him back to the solo singing tours, leading him to give up his role as orchestra conductor. 1997–2000 "Avizor Records" and Carmen Martín Gaite
In 1997 <mask> and the writer Carmen Martín Gaite launched the record company "Avizor Records", with a view to giving publicity to new poets and musicians. The project was solely funded with earnings made from their own recitals and it lasted until Carmen's death in 2000. 2005 "Alberto Pérez y su Orquesta Volátil" (The Volatile Orchestra)
In 2005 he set up the show "Alberto Pérez y su Orquesta Volátil" –entirely done a cappella- in order to pay tribute to his friend Chicho Sánchez Ferlosio. This half-spoken, half-sung proposal with elements from the troubadour tradition would take <mask> on theatre tours.Working for the radio. Workshops and lectures. Acting. <mask> has directed and conducted various radio programmes, among which the most noteworthy include "Corazón loco" (RNE, 1989–90) and "A vivir, que son dos días" or "Live it up, life's too short" (SER, 1994–95). He has also been invited to lecture at various universities and academic institutions,

masks:
Alberto Vergara
Alberto Vergara
Pérez
Pérez
Pérez
Pérez


title: Philip Barry

texts:
<mask>  (June 18, 1896 – December 3, 1949) was an American dramatist best known for his plays Holiday (1928) and The Philadelphia Story (1939), which were both made into films starring Katharine Hepburn and Cary Grant. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on June 18, 1896, in Rochester, New York to <mask> and <mask>. James died from appendicitis a year after <mask>'s birth, and the family's marble-and-tile business faltered from then on. His oldest brother, Edmund, who was 16 at the time, left school to take over the business and became a father figure for <mask>. <mask>'s play, The Youngest, written when he was 28, is an autobiographical account of his family history following his father's death. In 1910, at the age of 14, <mask> discovered that a New York State interpretation of his father's will entitled him to a share of his father's estate that eventually left him the entire business. Family conflicts ensued; he later claimed he never intended to keep the money, and he eventually signed over the estate to his mother and brothers.Because of his poor eyesight, <mask> was rejected for military service during World War I; but, he eventually found a wartime job deciphering cables at the U.S. Embassy in London and left Yale to assume his duties. At the end of the war, he returned to college, where he studied writing with Henry Seidel Canby, and earned his B.A. His mother and two elder brothers strongly demanded that he return to the family in Rochester after college and take a place in the family business. He was, however,

masks:
Philip Jerome Quinn Barry
Philip Barry
James Corbett Barry
Mary Agnes Quinn Barry
Philip
Philip
Barry
Barry
Barry


title: Philip Barry

texts:
 determined to strike out on his own and, knowing that he wanted to be a writer, enrolled in George Pierce Baker's renowned playwriting course "47 Workshop" at Harvard University. (Other alumni of Baker's course include Eugene O'Neill, Sidney Howard, S.N. Behrman, and Thomas Wolfe, as well as numerous critics, directors, and designers.) Writing career
<mask>'s life as a writer started at the age of nine when he had a story called Tab the Cat published by a Rochester newspaper.Four precocious years later, he wrote a three-act drama called No Thoroughfare, which went unproduced. When he was at Yale, he devoted his time to writing poetry and short fiction while working for the Yale Literary Magazine. In 1919, when he returned from London, the Yale Dramatic Club staged his one-act play Autonomy. By the time he had enrolled in Baker's class at the end of the year, he was spending all his time writing plays. His first full-length play for the class was A Punch for Judy, written in the spring 1921. The Harvard workshop took "A Punch for Judy" on tour to Worcester, Massachusetts; Utica, New York; Buffalo, New York; Cleveland; and Columbus, Ohio, but it failed to win the backing of a New York producer. Playwright Robert E. Sherwood met <mask> at this time and thought him an "exasperating young twirp."Sherwood would eventually become a good friend and colleague who came to appreciate what he termed <mask>'s "Irish, impish sense of comedy." Many years later, Sherwood would finish writing Second Threshold, left incomplete at the time of

masks: Barry Barry Barry


title: Philip Barry

texts: <mask>'s death. While still living in Cambridge, <mask> became engaged to Ellen Semple (aunt of Lorenzo Semple Jr.) but was determined to establish himself as a playwright before settling down. Ellen lived in New York while he remained in Cambridge, and there he wrote The Jilts, which reflected his own concern that marital obligations might thwart an artistic career and force him into the business world. The play won the Herndon Prize in 1922 as the best drama written in Baker's workshop. (On July 15, 1922, his doubts calmed, <mask> and Semple were married, and their first son, <mask> <mask>, was born the following year.) Renamed You and I, the play opened on Broadway on February 19, 1923, and was a critical and commercial success.<mask>'s Broadway career was launched. Theater critic Brooks Atkinson wrote "If [his story of a businessman who gives up art for the sake of money and family] did not make <mask> exactly a revolutionary, it made him a dissenter from the materialistic mythology of America. The story spoke to the tenor of the times, a decade that both glamorized and questioned the energetic pursuit of financial success. You and I ran for 170 performances, was followed by a successful tour and many productions in college and regional theaters, and was later included in Burns Mantle's Best Plays anthology series. One person who was not happy with <mask>'s success was a classmate in Baker's seminar, Thomas Wolfe, who struggled to be a playwright before finding fame as a novelist. Wolfe was both envious of <mask>'s facility

masks:
Barry
Barry
Barry
Philip Semple
Barry
Barry
Barry
Barry
Barry


title: Philip Barry

texts: and quick rise and unforgiving about his barbed wit; <mask> had written a play for their class about North Carolina bootleggers, parodying Wolfe, his background, and his stumbling efforts to write a play. <mask>'s second work for the stage, The Youngest, was produced the following year to considerably less acclaim.The story dealt with a rich, provincial family who cannot accept the unconventional ways of one of its members. (This would eventually become a common <mask> theme, handled more deftly in later plays.) <mask>'s third Broadway play, In a Garden (1925), served as a prototype for his classic comic works in which a gracious tone seems at odds with the often disturbing implications. In a Garden contains echoes of Luigi Pirandello and in its ending alludes to the famous final scene that concludes Ibsen's A Doll's House when Nora Helmer leaves her unsympathetic husband Torvald. The play also makes use of phallic symbolism and refers to Sigmund Freud's theories of the unconscious. Theater historians W. David Sievers and David C. Gild wrote that the play is an "innovative 'psychodrama' that enacts therapeutic Freudian techniques in a theatrical context," a method <mask> employed in later plays such as Hotel Universe (1930) and Here Come the Clowns (1938). It featured a well-received performance by Laurette Taylor.Even though he knew it "would probably ruin the man who produced it" because of its calculated departures from Broadway formulae, White Wings was produced in 1926. It was a complete failure. Seen as a precursor to

masks: Barry Barry Barry Barry Barry


title: Philip Barry

texts: Thornton Wilder's The Skin of Our Teeth, the play follows a group of proud street cleaners at the turn of the twentieth century; its theme is the increasing mechanization of life. Archie Inch, the protagonist, is caught between the "White Wings" (the men who clean up after horse-drawn carriages) and his sweetheart Mary Todd, who loves her father and the automobiles he designs which are a threat to the older way of life. The symbolism was not subtle, with the horses representing tradition and the motorcars representing progress. In comparison to other plays of that era about the modern work force, such as  Eugene O'Neill's The Hairy Ape and Dynamo, Elmer Rice's The Adding Machine, and the dramas of Ernst Toller and Georg Kaiser, <mask>'s was taken less seriously and weakened by its comedic resolution. It closed after 27 performances.In 1927, a year after the birth of his second son, Jonathan Peter, <mask> took his family to France. He lived the good life on the Riviera for a year in a circle that included Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald, Gerald and Sara Murphy, Cole Porter, and Archibald MacLeish, and began work on two new plays. One of these plays, John, was not a success, lasting only several days. The plot dealt with events in the life of John the Baptist as he awaited the arrival of the Messiah. The writing was cited as being both grandiose and mundane, and the casting (with Yiddish actor Jacob Ben-Ami as John and British actress Constance Collier as Herodias) was strongly criticized. The second play, Paris Bound, a comedy about

masks: Barry Barry


title: Philip Barry

texts: infidelity, opened a few weeks later and ran in New York for 234 performances. It became <mask>'s first major hit and, as it was picked up by theaters around the country, provided him with royalties for many years.<mask> then strove to write a crowd-pleaser, Cock Robin (1928), with Elmer Rice, whom he had met on his European trip en route to Cannes. That play ran for only 100 performances. Holiday (1928), a well-crafted comedy which ran for 230 performances, was far more popular with critics and audiences and is considered to be one of <mask>'s best depictions of an affluent American family and its confrontation with less convention-bound values. The New Yorker writer Brendan Gill called it "a kindly comedy, whose precepts are <mask>'s own." It was filmed twice, first in 1930, when it garnered an Academy Award nomination for actress Ann Harding, and then, notably, in a 1938 version by George Cukor starring Katharine Hepburn as the elder daughter of a stiff-necked wealthy businessman and Cary Grant as the younger daughter's quirky, charismatic suitor who has no plans, once he makes enough money to live happily, to spend his entire life on Wall Street making more. The play was revived on Broadway in 1973 and 1995 and often was performed in regional theaters through the late 20th century. <mask>'s was not a smooth career: hit followed flop followed hit.Hotel Universe (1930) lasted for only eighty-one performances and added to the financial woes of the Theatre Guild, the famed organization of which <mask> was an original member.

masks: Barry Barry Barry Barry Barry Barry


title: Philip Barry

texts: Set in a villa in southern France based on the home of the famous expatriates Gerald and Sara Murphy, Hotel Universe tells the story of six unhappy characters in search of meaning, if not an author, though in effect they find one in Stephen Field, the aging invalid whose lonely daughter, Ann, they have all come to visit. When Field arrives in the later half of the play, the suicidal disillusionment, dark pasts, and unresolved issues of the other characters emerge. Each visitor begins to act out roles based on past traumas. In the view of theater historian Eleanor Flexner, the play's psychologizing and philosophizing are "little more than a jaunt to a Never-Never land." Other students of <mask>'s work consider it his most unjustly underrated play. Tomorrow and Tomorrow was produced in 1931 and compared favorably to Eugene O'Neill's Strange Interlude.The story concerns Eve Redman, the young wife of a businessman whose grandfather founded the college in the Indiana town where the Redmans live. Dr. Nicholas Hay, a young psychologist and visitor from out of town, lectures at the college, advocating education for women, an opportunity Eve seizes. He teaches her the "science of the emotions," and her outlook evolves. They fall in love and eventually produce the child that Eve has always longed for, the one that her husband cannot give her. Her husband believes the child is his. For its time, the story was regarded as daring and sophisticated, and the screen rights were sold for a staggering $85,000. Though remembered today for his


title: Philip Barry

texts: vintage "comedies of manners" playfully skewering the rich and fashionable, <mask> (a practicing Roman Catholic whose sister was a nun) wrote many serious dramas, often on religious themes.Brooks Atkinson, noting this dichotomy between the successful, high-living Broadway playwright of light fare and the serious-minded writer, wrote of <mask> that, at heart, "[he] liked the role of prophet; he was attracted to moralistic themes about mankind." His 1927 play John is a New Testament story, and <mask> described his 1938 allegory Here Come the Clowns as a study of "the battle with evil" in which his hero, Clancy, "at last finds God in the will of man." The Joyous Season (1934) is an admiring portrait of a strong-willed nun who has devoted her life to her faith. (The Joyous Season starred Lillian Gish in its original production and <mask> in a 1946 Chicago revival that did not do well enough at the box office to bring it to New York, despite the many parish priests in Chicago who urged their parishioners to see it.) <mask>'s best-known, most frequently revived work is The Philadelphia Story (1939), which was made into a popular 1940 film starring Katharine Hepburn, Cary Grant, and James Stewart. Hepburn, a close friend of <mask>, had appeared in the play on Broadway, but she had doubts about its commercial possibilities and, proven wrong by its box-office success, bought the movie rights with the help of her ex-boyfriend Howard Hughes. She successfully restarted her previously flagging Hollywood career with the film version.The

masks:
Barry
Barry
Barry
Ethel Barrymore
Barry
Barry


title: Philip Barry

texts:
 movie was remade as High Society, starring Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby, Grace Kelly and Louis Armstrong. The popular play ran for 417 performances on Broadway. In 1949 at the age of 53, <mask> died of a heart attack in his family apartment on Park Avenue. "It was his misfortune," Atkinson wrote, "to be at the peak of his powers during a skeptical age that resisted moral instruction." He also noted a fundamental conservatism and didacticism in <mask>: "Although <mask>'s literary style was modern, his mind was closer to Langdon Mitchell than to S.N. Behrman." He was appreciated by the many actresses (e.g., Laurette Taylor, Katharine Hepburn, <mask>) who felt that he wrote great parts for women, even if the vehicles themselves were not always as strong as the performances they inspired.Plays
Autonomy (1919)
A Punch for Judy (1921)
You and I (1923), filmed in 1931 as The Bargain
The Youngest (1924)
In a Garden (1925)
White Wings (1926), adapted as an opera by Douglas Moore, premiered in 1935
John (1927)
Paris Bound (1927), filmed in 1929 by Edward H. Griffith
Holiday (1928), filmed in 1930 by Edward H. Griffith and in 1938 by George Cukor
Cock Robin (with Elmer Rice) (1928), filmed as Who Killed Cock Robin? in 1938
Hotel Universe (1930)
Tomorrow and Tomorrow (1931), filmed in 1932 by Richard Wallace
The Animal Kingdom (1932) filmed in 1932 by Edward H. Griffith and as One More Tomorrow in 1946 by Peter Godfrey
The Joyous Season (1934)
Bright Star (1935)
Spring Dance (1936), filmed as Spring Madness in 1938 by S. Sylvan Simon
Here

masks:
Philip Barry
Barry
Barry
Ethel Barrymore


title: Philip Barry

texts:
 Come the Clowns (1938)
The Philadelphia Story (1939), filmed in 1940 by George Cukor and as High Society by Charles Walters in 1956
Liberty Jones (1941)
Without Love (1942), filmed in 1945 by Harold S. Bucquet
Foolish Notion (1945)
My Name is Aquilon (1949), adapted from Jean-Pierre Aumont's play
Second Threshold (1951), completed by Robert Sherwood

References

Sources
Anderson, Donald R. Shadowed Cocktails: The Plays of <mask> from 'Paris Bound' to 'The Philadelphia Story.''' Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois State University Press, 2010. Ashley, Leonard R.N. "'Not Enough'? The High Comedy of <mask>" (pp. 45–52) in Arthur Gewirtz (ed.), Art, Glitter, and Glitz: Mainstream Playwrights and Popular Theater in the 1920s. New York: Praeger, 2004. Atkinson, Brooks. Broadway. New York: Atheneum, 1970. Eisen, Kurt. Twentieth-Century American Dramatists.Detroit: Gale Publishers, 2000. Gill, Brendan. "The Dark Advantage," introduction to States of Grace: Eight Plays by <mask>. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975. Mordden, Ethan. All That Glittered: The Golden Age of Drama on Broadway, 1919–1959. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2007.Roppolo, Joseph Patrick. <mask>.'' New York: Twayne, 1965. External links

<mask> Papers. Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 1896 births
1949 deaths
Burials at Most Holy Trinity Catholic Cemetery
Writers from Rochester, New York
Yale University alumni
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
American male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century

masks:
Philip Barry
Philip Barry
Philip Barry
Philip Barry
Philip Barry


title: Jacob Weinberg

texts:
<mask> (1 July 1879 – 2 November 1956) was a Russian-born Jewish composer and pianist who composed over 135 works for piano and other instruments. He was one of the founders of the Jewish National Conservatory in Jerusalem before immigrating to the U.S. where he became "an influential voice in the promotion of American Jewish music" from the 1940s until his death. Life and career
<mask> was born in Odessa, Ukraine, to Dora and Wolf (Zev) <mask>. His family was middle class and his father was a merchant who died when <mask> was only 12. <mask> wrote an essay about how he had been sent to a synagogue to say the Kaddish prayer in mourning for his father. He wrote that he had not been raised in an Orthodox home and he was not familiar with the sounds of the Hebrew language in the prayer but he fell in love with the music of the language and the rhythm of the prayer. This sparked his interest in Jewish religion and Jewish music.His uncle was <mask>, a prominent translator of Shakespeare and Heine into Russian. <mask> completed law school at Moscow University, but he never practiced, preferring his piano studies. He studied at the Moscow Conservatory of Music from 1901-1906, under many prominent teachers including Taneyev and Ippolito-Ivanov. In addition, he studied composition for a year in Vienna, under Sergei Taneyev. He taught piano as well; among his students were Josef Yasser, with whom he remained friends for many years to come. <mask> toured Russia as a pianist and also toured with Emil Rosenoff in their two-piano concerts from 1912 to 1916. He adapted Rachmaninoff's works to create a two-piano piece he called Rachmaniana.It was

masks:
Jacob Weinberg
Weinberg
Weinberg
Jacob
Jacob
Peter Weinberg
Jacob
Weinberg


title: Jacob Weinberg

texts: published and performed by <mask> and Rosenoff. He was also very interested in preserving the unique melodies and music scales of Jewish religious and secular folk tunes. When the St. Petersburg Society for Jewish Folk Music was formed in 1908 by Joel Engel, Lazare Saminsky, and others, <mask> and his Moscow-based peers formed the Moscow branch of this society. Then he returned to Odessa, where he taught at the Odessa Conservatory of Music. With the advent of the Bolshevik Revolution, <mask> spent two months in prison and then fled with his wife Theresa (née Bernstein) and his only child, a son, Walter, in 1922 to Palestine (now Israel). There he composed the first Hebrew opera, The Pioneers (Hechalutz). It won First Prize in an international composition contest, sponsored by the Philadelphia Sesquicentennial.There was a performance in Jerusalem in April, 1925. He taught piano; among his students was the pianist Mordecai Sandberg. With the competition prize money of $1500, <mask> took his family to New York. <mask> produced concert versions of his opera The Pioneers at Carnegie Hall in 1941 and 1947, and at the Mecca Temple (now New York City Center) in the 1930s. In addition, there was a performance in Berlin, Germany in the 1930s, by the Kulturbund, the soprano Mascha Benya in one of the leading roles. It was performed in a synagogue since the Nazi party banned Jewish works, even masterpieces, from being performed in a proper concert hall. His many other works include religious Jewish works; he set the Sabbath service to music in several versions.These works are still performed at Temple Emanu-el, a prominent Reform synagogue in

masks:
Weinberg
Jacob Weinberg
Weinberg
Weinberg
Weinberg


title: Jacob Weinberg

texts: Manhattan. He also composed many non-religious works. He was very interested in Lincoln's Gettysburg Address and set it to music for a chorus and in three other non-singing versions. Aaron Copland attended one of the Lincoln concerts prior to composing his own Lincoln Portrait. He joined the music faculty of the New York College of Music in 1929 where he taught for many years and later joined the faculty at Hunter College. <mask> died of lung disease in New York on November 2, 1956 at the age of 77. His remains are buried at the Stephen Wise Cemetery in Ardsley, New York.<mask>'s widow, Theresa Bernstein <mask>, was a brilliant woman who spoke four languages and raised their only child, Walter, when <mask> was pursuing his work. After <mask>'s death, Theresa donated his music papers to <mask>, the collector and philanthropist, whose foundation, in turn, donated the collection to the National Library of Israel, which is located on the campus of Hebrew University at Givat Ram, in Israel. There are over 10,000 pages in this archive which has been carefully curated by its director, Dr. Gila Flam, a distinguished musicologist. <mask> also donated a second large volume of <mask>'s musical scores, personal letters, academic papers, and photos to the archive at the Glinka Museum of Music in Moscow, at 4 Fedeeva St. These papers can be viewed by request. Among the Glinka collection are <mask>'s masterpiece "Sonata for Two Pianos", and "Encyclopedia of Piano Technique, Part I and Part II." His papers from his student days at the Moscow Conservatory of Music (1901-1906) are also donated here.In addition to being <mask>'s helpmate and

masks:
Weinberg
Jacob Weinberg
Weinberg
Jacob
Jacob
Jacob Michael
Theresa Weinberg
Weinberg
Jacob Weinberg
Jacob


title: Jacob Weinberg

texts:
 supporter, Theresa Bernstein <mask> was a gifted watercolor artist and avid maker of scrapbooks. In 1960 she formally signed a paper donating 67 scrapbooks of her clippings (of <mask>'s work and also popular culture) to the NY Public Library system. These have yet to be found. Her grandchildren have been searching extensively for them. They are most likely in the basement storage areas of the NY Public Library at Bryant Park. Theresa passed away in 1962 and is interred at Ferncliff Cemetery, in Westchester County. <mask>'s works continue to be enjoyed and performed today.His Klezmer works for clarinet, in particular, are widely performed. These include "Canzonetta" and "The Maypole". <mask> was one of the in-house composers at Temple Emanu-el in Manhattan. His works are often performed during the High Holy days and during the weekly Sabbath services. Also, see YouTube for videos of contemporary performances of <mask>'s  works. See the Milken Archives for some recordings of his works. Compositions
 Hechalutz (The Pioneers of Palestine) – Opus 18
 Sonata in E-flat major for Two Pianos
 Concerto #2 in C Major
 String Quartet – Opus 55
 Taps
 Romanze
 <mask>'s Dream
 Canzonetta
 Speed Ahead (Perpetual Motion) for Violin and Piano – Op.31, No.2
 Kol Nidrei, op.25. Suite for violoncello and piano
 Causerie
 The Cabalist
 The Maypole - Klezmer
 Rabbi Meir's Dance
 Trio on Hebrew Themes
 Prelude, Passacaglia and Finale, Op. 68. for piano
 Berceause Palestinienne (1929) for violin and piano

Opera
 The Pioneers (1924)

Oratorios
 Isaiah – An Oratorio
 The Life of Moses – An Oratorio

Choral
 I See A New America
 Gettysburg Address – 4

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Weinberg
Jacob
Jacob Weinberg
Weinberg
Jacob Weinberg
Jacob


title: Jacob Weinberg

texts:
 versions
 The Gettysburg address Abraham Lincoln's immortal words set for mixed voices, S.A.T.B. Shabbat ba'aretz (Sabbath in the Holy Land Service)
 Sabbath Evening Service
 Sabbath Morning Service (Shabath baarets), Op. 41. for cantor (baritone), mixed chorus and organ
 Sabbath Service
 Psalm 29 for cantor and congregation, or two antiphonal choirs (1951)

Songs
 Song for Heroes (1944) for voice and piano (lyrics by Nahum Ben-Horim)
 Six Hebrew songs for voice and piano
 From the Dead Sea Scrolls for baritone and piano

Arrangements
Rachmaniana for Two Pianos

Discography
 1938 - Shir Hakerem (<mask>), Zvee Aroni and Helen Marie Stolz, 78 RPM RCA E2-KB-1531
 1954 - Yo Adir (<mask>), Sidor Belarsky, 33 RPM, RCA Victor LPM-3197 (E3VL-4989)
 1969 - Yankl Der Shmid ("<mask> the Blacksmith"), Dovid Pinski - <mask>, Moishe Oysher, 33 RPM, The Greater Recording GRC 154
 1977 - Berceause Palestinienne (<mask>nberg) David Sella & Paul Posnak, 33 RPM, Musique Internationale M-7504
 2004 - Klezmer Concertos and Encores The Maypole, Canzonetta (Jacob Weinberg), Naxos 8559403
 2005 - Weinberg: Piano Concerto No. 2, String Quartet Op. 55, Shabbat Ba'aretz - American Classics, Naxos 8559457

References

Further reading
Heskes, Irene (1998).The St. Petersburg Society for Jewish Folk Music. Rockwell, John (7 April 1988). "Review: Works by Russian Jewish Composers. New York Times
Mausner, M,D., Ellen "<mask>: Musical Pioneer" (KDP Amazon, New York, 2020)

External links
 <mask> (Milken Archive)
  Biography and albums on Naxos

1879 births
1956 deaths
New York College of Music faculty
Russian composers
Russian male composers
Jewish opera

masks:
Jacob Weinberg
Jacob Weinberg
Jacob
Jacob Weinberg
Jacob Wei
Jacob Weinberg
Jacob Weinberg


title: Olaf Frederick Nelson

texts:
<mask> (24 February 1883 – 28 February 1944) was a Samoan businessman and politician. He was one of the founding leaders of the anti-colonial Mau movement. Biography
<mask> was born on 24 February 1883 in Safune on the island of Savai'i to Swedish trader <mask> and his Samoan wife, Sina Tugaga, whose family had links to the Sa Tupua, a prominent chiefly family. His name Ta'isi is a matai chief title from his mother's family from the Savai'i village of Asau. <mask> grew up in the family's home village of Faleolo until the age of eight, when he was sent to the Marist Brothers School in Apia. He left the school at the age of thirteen and became an apprentice at the DH & PG firm. He worked at DH & PH for four years, during which time he founded Samoa's first brass band.After leaving DH & PG, <mask> returned to Savai'i and took over his father's business, which had started on 1895 under the name - Nelson and Robertson Limited. He expanded his father's copra trading business throughout the islands, and by the time he was thirty-five, <mask> was one of the wealthiest members of the Apia community. He was influential in both the Samoan and European communities. Under German rule, the colonial administrators treated <mask> as an equal, but after New Zealand seized control in 1914, <mask> was excluded and alienated by the new government. Despite being elected to the Legislative Council in 1924, he could do little as he and the other elected members were constantly overruled by the more numerous government appointees. This treatment turned <mask> into one of the major forces in the Samoan

masks:
Ta isi Olaf Frederick Nelson
Nelson
August Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson


title: Olaf Frederick Nelson

texts: independence movement, known as the Mau. In May 1927 <mask> founded a newspaper, the Samoa Guardian, to support its claims.In response to his growing public dissent, the New Zealand administration tried to brand <mask> as unscrupulous and a trouble maker. The colonial administration's desperation to silence <mask> led them to exile him in January 1928, along with two other part-European members of the Mau. During his five years of exile, <mask> took his protests as far as the League of Nations in Geneva. He returned to Samoa in May 1933, and continued his advocacy. General Hart, the New Zealand administrator, demanded that <mask> be excluded from any meeting (fono) swith the leadership of the Mau. The Mau insistence that <mask> should be one of its delegates. General Hart ordered police raids on the Mau’s headquarters at Vaimoso and <mask>’s residence at Tuaefu, which occurred on 15 November 1933.Eight Samoan chiefs, leaders of the Mau, who were members of a conference of 100 assembled at Tuatuanu’u were arrested on charges of collecting monies for unlawful purposes and engaging in Mau activities. A week later a further 7 chiefs were arrested at Savaii. Six months after his return to Samoa, <mask> was convicted of 3 charges of being connected to the Mau, for which he was sentenced to ten additional years in exile as well as eight months imprisonment in New Zealand. His appeal to the Full Court of the New Zealand Supreme Court quashed the sentence of imprisonment but upheld the ten years of exile. The Privy Council in London rejected his appeal. However, his exile was cut short

masks: Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson Nelson


title: Olaf Frederick Nelson

texts:
 in 1936, after Labour won the New Zealand general election in 1935. He returned to Samoa on 22 July 1936, and helped in the signing of the co-operation agreement between Samoan leaders and the New Zealand administration.He was subsequently elected to the Legislative Council in 1938, and re-elected in 1941. <mask> died in 1944, and it was not until 1962 that his dream of Samoan independence was realised. Legacy
Ta'isi had six daughters. Viopapa Lucy, Irene Gustave Noue, Olive Virginia Malienafau, Joyce Rosabel Piliopo, Sina Hope and Calmar Josephine Taufau and one son, Ta'isi who died as a result of the influenza epidemic in 1919 aged 4. Malienafau was the first Pacific Island graduate of the University of Auckland, graduating with a law degree in 1936. Ta'isi's daughter Noue went on to marry Tupua Tamasese Mea'ole, who became Joint Head of State when Samoa attained Independence in 1962. They sired Olf "Efi" <mask> who went on to become Tui Atua Tupua Tamasese Tupuola Ta'isi Efi, the third Prime Minister of Samoa and from 2007 to 2017, the Head of State of Samoa.The Nelson Memorial Public Library was donated to the Samoan people by the Nelson Family in Ta'isi's memory. His other grandson Misa Telefoni Retzlaff (Hermann Theodor Retzlaff) was in parliament from 1988 to 2010, and the Deputy Prime Minister of Samoa from 2000 to 2010. Retzlaff's son is Lemalu Hermann Retzlaff (Taisi's great-grandson), who was appointed Attorney General of Samoa in 2016. Ta-isi's grand-daughter is Dr Viopapa Annandale–Atherton. In 1964 she was the first Samoan woman to graduate in medicine from the

masks: Nelson Nelson


title: Olaf Frederick Nelson

texts:
 University of Otago and has committed her career to improving the health and welfare of women and children in the Pacific Islands. References

Patricia O'Brien, Tautai: Sāmoa,  World History and the Life of Ta'isi O. F. <mask> (Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2017)

O'Brien, Patricia "Ta'isi O. F. <mask> and Sir Maui Pomare: Samoans and Maori Reunited", Journal of Pacific History, 49:1 2014 http://www.tandfonline.com/toc/cjph20/current#.VDdbMl7rPG4

 Laracy, Hugh. '<mask>, <mask> 1883 - 1944'.Dictionary of New Zealand Biography, updated 7 April 2006 Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
‘Guardians and Wards’ : (A study of the origins, causes, and the first two years of the Mau in Western Samoa.) Albert Wendt New Zealand Electronic Text Centre

20th-century Samoan businesspeople
Samoan chiefs
Samoan exiles
1883 births
1944 deaths
Plantation owners
Western Samoa Trust Territory people
Prisoners and detainees of New Zealand
Samoan prisoners and detainees
Samoan people of Swedish descent
Members of the Legislative Council of Samoa
1910s in Samoa
1920s in Western Samoa Trust Territory
1930s in Western Samoa Trust Territory
1940s in Western Samoa Trust Territory
Samoan independence

masks:
Nelson
Nelson
Nelson
Olaf Frederick


title: Sheila Cameron (artist)

texts:
<mask> is an American artist, blogger, graphic designer and producer based in California. She is mostly known for initiating the "Free Katie" campaign, in which she designed and sold merchandise in response to the news of Katie Holmes's engagement to Tom Cruise. Hollywood
After graduating from Maryland's Loyola University, having double-majored in creative writing and fine art, Ohio native <mask> moved to Hollywood, to focus on painting and writing. While living there, she worked as a graphic designer, and also a producer and developer of content for film, television and websites, with clients and employers including HBO's original pictures department, Jagged Films, and Project Greenlight. Free Katie
In response to the news of Katie Holmes's engagement to Tom Cruise in 2005, <mask> designed and began selling merchandise online bearing slogans including "Free Katie", "Run Katie Run", and (in a reference to Cruise's  Oprah interview) "Stop Sofa Abuse", among other designs. Items for sale included buttons, hats, mugs, stickers, T-shirts and undergarments. Imitators soon copied <mask>'s designs and began selling Free Katie merchandise as well.In less than a month, the Free Katie website received more than half a million visitors, and sold thousands of shirts and other merchandise to customers both in the US and around the world. Free Katie shirts were worn on the red carpet in 2005 and made reference to by Iggy Pop in a 2006 interview, and in 2008 a group of fans picketed Katie Holmes's Broadway debut, their signs bearing <mask>'s "Free Katie" and "Run Katie Run" slogans. As late as 2012, a group of people wearing Free Katie shirts had an unexpected encounter with Holmes herself when they all dined at the same restaurant. Shortly thereafter, the then-recently divorced Holmes was

masks:
Sheila Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron


title: Sheila Cameron (artist)

texts:
 seen wearing a Free Katie shirt of her own. Free Katie's popularity also led to the creation of an online forum community, which is still active as of 2015. <mask> was deluged with emails from fans, and she had to buy more bandwidth multiple times to accommodate the traffic the Free Katie website and forums generated. <mask>'s Free Katie campaign was covered by U.S. media including ABC News, Los Angeles Times, NBC News, Newsweek, and The New York Times; she was interviewed by NPR and a British TV program; and the phenomenon was covered internationally by news outlets in Australia, Brazil, India, Spain and Sweden, among others.<mask> clarified that she did not actually believe Holmes to be in need of rescue from her relationship with Cruise, but added, "I think we need to let her know that we support her if she wants to get out of it." She also said she originally created the Free Katie campaign for the amusement of herself and some friends, but that interest in the merchandise snowballed. The success of Free Katie merchandise motivated <mask> to produce T-shirts featuring other "pop-culture satire political commentary" as well. <mask> called the Free Katie campaign her "Dear John letter to Hollywood," citing the intra-industry response to criticism of mega-stars like Tom Cruise by people at her echelon of the Hollywood ladder. She left Hollywood not long after the campaign achieved widespread notoriety. Works and exhibitions

<mask> is part of two artist collectives: Nevada County Yarn Bombers, which focuses on textile art, especially knitted and crocheted works; and DANK (Do Art Now Kids), whose "pop-up gallery" initiative, to bring art into otherwise unused spaces, she helped pioneer. Blog
<mask> maintains a noted blog, Watching the Paint Dry, that contains essays about

masks: Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron


title: Sheila Cameron (artist)

texts:
 creativity, family life and other topics, and which also serves as a storefront for her artwork.She has characterized her blogging as a way to "illustrate what it means to be an artist." <mask> began the blog in June 2010, immediately embarking on a project of posting art on a daily basis for a full year. Magazine covers
The August 2012 issue of Style magazine's Roseville Granite Bay Rocklin edition featured <mask>'s painting "Sit" as its cover image, and included a profile of her inside the magazine. Jerry Saltz's challenge

In 2013, Jerry Saltz, senior art critic for New York magazine, issued a challenge to <mask> via Facebook:"<mask>, All right. You asked for it. Make 55 works with NO allusion to Fairytale. And experiment with various mediums and finishes and touches and surfaces and ideas-of-finish.Start today; you'll be in hell by the end of this VERY simple challenge...
Maybe remove figures for these works as well. Or just get to work. See you in Hell … … … maybe." In response, <mask> created the requisite 55 works, a three-month project she described approaching as a performance piece. The resulting collection was exhibited as a Facebook event, and some pieces were auctioned via eBay. Saltz himself, in reviewing the collection, said, "<mask> did magnificently." ArtSlant competition
ArtSlant magazine named <mask>'s submission, "Original Super Power", a finalist in its 2013 juried competition.Exhibitions
Beautiful Monsters. At Miner's Foundry Cultural Center. Solo exhibition. 2011
At Art Works Gallery. Juried shows. 2012–2013

Wild & Scenic Film Festival Art Exhibition. At multiple venues.A juried exhibition, for which <mask> was one of 40 artists chosen from among 500 applicants. 2013
Smallworks. At Artist Studio in the Foothills. Group show of works measuring 12

masks:
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Sheila Cameron
Cameron
Sheila Cameron
Cameron
Cameron


title: Sheila Cameron (artist)

texts:
 inches or less. 2013
Two Johns and a Whore. At Los Angeles's Coagula Curatorial. A curated show with a theme of "art, love, sex, and commerce" and how they interrelate.2014
Art Walk program. At multiple venues including "pop-up" galleries. A project of the Nevada City-based art collective DANK. 2014– 2015
Wild & Scenic Film Festival Art Exhibition. Osborne Woods Gallery. Juried exhibition. 2015
Discover.At Off Center Stage, part of Grass Valley's Center for the Arts. Solo show, but part of a multidisciplinary exhibition matching visual art with live music, readings and other creative works. 2014
ArtExpo. At a former factory space in San Diego. Curated exhibition presented as an alternative to the concurrently-running San Diego Comic-Con International. 2014
Every Angeleno Counts. At outdoor display along route.Curated exhibition combined with a 5K () run/walk. 2014
LORE: The Art of Story. At Miner's Foundry Cultural Center. DANK group show. 2015
New Works. At Miner's Foundry Cultural Center. DANK group show.2015
Cinema. At Miner's Foundry Cultural Center. DANK group show. 2015

Personal life
<mask> and her husband Greg have two daughters. In 2008, <mask> and her family relocated from West Hollywood to the Grass Valley, California area, settling in Nevada City. References

External links

<mask>'s blog, Watching the Paint Dry

20th-century American painters
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American painters
21st-century American women artists
New media artists
American graphic designers
Women graphic designers
American women bloggers
American bloggers
Film producers from California
Television producers from California
Internet activists
Living people
American women painters
Year of birth missing (living people)
American women film producers
American women

masks: Cameron Cameron Cameron


title: Ralph E. Gomory

texts:
<mask> (born May 7, 1929) is an American applied mathematician and executive. Gomory worked at IBM as a researcher and later as an executive. During that time, his research led to the creation of new areas of applied mathematics. After his career in the corporate world, Gomory became the president of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, where he oversaw programs dedicated to broadening public understanding in three key areas: the economic importance of science and research; the effects of globalization on the United States; and the role of technology in education. Gomory has written extensively on the nature of technology development, industrial competitiveness, models of international trade, social issues under current economics and law, and the function of the corporation in a globalizing world. Biography
Gomory is the son of Andrew L<mask> and Marian Schellenberg. He graduated from George School in Newtown, PA in 1946.He received his B.A. from Williams College in 1950, studied at Cambridge University, and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton University in 1954. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1954 to 1957. While serving in the Navy, he shifted his focus to applied mathematics in operations research. Among his mathematical achievements were founding contributions to the field of integer programming, an active area of research to this day. He was Higgins lecturer and assistant professor at Princeton University, 1957-59. He joined the Research Division of IBM in 1959.In 1964 he was appointed IBM Fellow. In 1970, <mask> became Director of Research with line responsibility for IBM's Research Division. During his tenure IBM researchers made major contributions to the understanding of memory devices (Dennard Scalling), made major advances possible in high-density storage devices and produced advanced silicon processing methods. They also invented the relational

masks:
Ralph Edward Gomory
. Gomory
Gomory


title: Ralph E. Gomory

texts: database (Codd) and the RISC computer architecture. His researchers also won two successive Nobel Prizes in Physics and it was at IBM Research that Benoit Mandelbrot created the now widely accepted concept of fractals. He continued in a leadership role for the next 20 years eventually becoming IBM Senior Vice President for Science and Technology. In 1979, the book Science and Technology, A Five Year Outlook was published, collaborated with the National Academy of Sciences by W.H.Freeman and Company, with Gomory took the role of Study Chairman. In 1975, Gomory was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for contributions to the fields of linear and integer programming, and leadership in the development of computer technology. After reaching the mandatory retirement age of 60 for corporate officers at IBM, Gomory became president of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation in 1989. During his tenure as president he led the foundation’s effort to sponsor research in numerous fields relevant to major national issues. The foundation’ work in the field of online learning predated the public Internet; its continued support has resulted in nearly seven million people taking online courses for credit as of 2012. The foundation started the now-widespread program of industry studies, and launched a program advocating a more flexible workplace. It developed an approach to overcoming the problem of underrepresented minority Ph.D.’s in scientific and technical fields.Among scientific achievements, the foundation supported the widely recognized Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which has made major contributions to the problem of dark energy, and initiated a worldwide effort to survey life in the oceans known as the Census of Marine Life. Under <mask>'s leadership the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation also supported programs on public understanding of science and the development of the


title: Ralph E. Gomory

texts:
 Professional Science Masters, designed to allow students to pursue advanced training in science or mathematics while simultaneously developing workplace skills. In December 2007, after 18 years as President of the Sloan Foundation, <mask> became president emeritus and joined the Stern School of Business at New York University as a research professor. Currently he focuses his work on addressing the increasing complexities of the globalized economy and the differing goals of countries and companies. His 2001 book, co-written with Professor William Baumol, Global Trade and Conflicting National Interests, focuses on the roles and responsibilities of American corporations in the modern American economy. He served on the U.S. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) from 1984 to 1992, and again from 2001 to 2009, advising three Presidents that included Ronald Reagan, George H.W Bush, and George W. Bush. He has also served as director of The Washington Post Company and The Bank of New York, and he currently serves on the Board of the National Academies Board on Science, Technology and Economic Policy.Gomory currently blogs at The Huffington Post and his work has been profiled in The Nation and The Wall Street Journal. Awards and honors
Gomory has been awarded eight honorary degrees and many significant awards including the National Medal of Science. Awards: Lanchester Prize of the Operations Research Society, 1963; Harry Goode Memorial Award of the American Federation of Information Processing Societies, 1984; John von Neumann Theory Prize of INFORMS, 1984; IRI Medal of the Industrial Research Institute, 1985; National Medal of Science, 1988; IEEE Engineering Leadership Recognition Award, 1988; Arthur M. Bueche Award of the National Academy of Engineering, 1993; the 4th Annual Heinz Award for Technology, the Economy and Employment, 1998; Madison


title: Ralph E. Gomory

texts:
 Medal of Princeton University, 1999; Sheffield Fellowship Award of the Yale University Faculty of Engineering, 2000;  International Federation of Operational Research Societies’ Hall of Fame, 2005; Harold Larnder Prize of the Canadian Operational Research Society, 2006. 2002 class of Fellows of the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences. <mask> has been elected to many honorific societies including the National Academy of Science, the National Academy of Engineering, and the American Philosophical Society. He was also elected to the governing councils of all three of these societies. Additionally three awards have been established in Gomory’s honor.The National Academy of Science’s Award for the industrial application of science, established by IBM, the Ralph Gomory Prize of the Business History Conference, established by the Sloan Foundation, and the Ralph E. Gomory Award for quality online education presented annually by the On-Line Consortium. Publication
In addition to the book Global Trade and Conflicting National Interests, <mask> has published more than 80 articles on a great variety of subjects including mathematics, economics, the management and impact of science and technology, and the role and function of corporations. His articles were published in various platforms and sites, including American Philosophical Society, Scientific American, Harvard Business Review,

masks: Gomory Gomory


title: Abu Musa al-Ash'ari

texts:
<mask>'ari, better known as <mask>-Ash'ari () (died c. 662 or 672) was a companion of Muhammad and an important figure in early Islamic history. He was at various times governor of Basra and Kufa and was involved in the early Muslim conquest of Persia. Life
<mask> came originally from Zabid, in the region of Yemen, where his tribe, the Asha'ir, lived in the pre-Islamic period. He accepted Islam at Mecca prior to the hijra and returned to his native Yemen to propagate the faith. He lived in Habasha after some time until following the conquest of Khaybar in 628, when he came to Muhammad in Medina with more than fifty converts from Yemen, including his two brothers <mask> and <mask>. Following the conquest of Mecca in 629, <mask> was named among those sent by Muhammad on the expedition to Awtas. Two years later he was appointed as one of the governors over Yemen, where he remained until the caliphate of <mask>, whom he joined in fighting the local leader of the ridda (lit.apostasy) movement. During Muhammad's era

He was present during the Expedition of Dhat al-Riqa. Some scholars claim that the expedition took place in Nejd (a large area of tableland in the Arabian Peninsula) in Rabi‘ Ath-Thani or Jumada Al-Ula, 4 A.H (or beginning of 5AH). They substantiate their claim by saying that it was strategically necessary to carry out this campaign in order to quell the rebellious bedouins in order to meet the exigencies of the agreed upon encounter with the polytheists, i.e. minor Badr Battle in Sha‘ban, 4 A.H. Muhammed received the news that certain tribes of Banu Ghatafan were assembling at Dhat al-Riqa with suspicious purposes. Muhammad proceeded towards Nejd at the head of 400 or 700 men, after he had mandated Abu Dhar - in the Umayyad version, the Umayyad chief : Uthman ibn Affan was given this honor- to

masks:
Abu Musa Abd Allah ibn Qays al Ash
Abu Musa al
Abu Musa
Abu Ruhm
Abu Burdah
Abu Musa
Abu Bakr


title: Abu Musa al-Ash'ari

texts:
 dispose the affairs of Madinah during his absence. The Muslim fighters penetrated deep into their land until they reached a spot called Nakhlah where they came across some bedouins of Ghatfan.The most authentic opinion according to "Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri", however, is that Dhat Ar-Riqa‘ campaign took place after the fall of Khaibar (and not as part of the Invasion of Nejd). This is supported by the fact that <mask>rah and <mask> Ashaari witnessed the battle. <mask> embraced Islam only some days before Khaibar, and <mask> Al-Ash‘ari came back from Abyssinia (Ethiopia) and joined Muhammad at Khaibar. The rules relating to the prayer of fear which Muhammad observed at Dhat Ar-Riqa‘ campaign, were revealed at the Asfan Invasion and this scholars say, took place after Al-Khandaq (the Battle of the Trench). After the Caliphate of Abu Bakr
The appointments of <mask> to the governorates of Basra and Kufa were made during the caliphates of Umar and Uthman, but the exact dates and circumstances are not clear. However, during the period that he was governor of one or the other of the two Muslim garrison towns in Iraq, <mask> is frequently mentioned in connection with the early Muslim conquest of the Sasanian Empire. In the Battle of Tostar (642) he distinguished himself as a military commander.The Persian commander, Hormuzan, had withdrawn his forces to the fortified city of Tostar. The Caliph Umar did not underestimate the strength of the enemy and he mobilized a force to confront Hormuzan. Among the Muslim forces were dedicated veterans like Ammar ibn Yasir, Al-Baraa ibn Malik al-Ansari and his brother Anas, Majra'a al-Bakri and Salamah ibn Rajaa. Umar appointed <mask> as commander of the army. Tostar was impossible to take by storm and several unsuccessful attempts were made to breach the walls. However,

masks:
Abu Hurai
Abu Musa
Abu Hurairah
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa


title: Abu Musa al-Ash'ari

texts:
 a Persian defector opened the city's gates from within making way for <mask>'s army. When Basra was established during 'Umar's period, he started building some canals for conveying drinking water and for irrigation.Al-Tabari reports that 'Utba ibn Ghazwan built the first canal from the Tigris River to the site of Basra when the city was in the planning stage. After the city was built, 'Umar appointed <mask> al-Ash'ari as the first governor. Al-Ash'ari governed during the period 17-29/638-650. He began building two important canals linking Basra with the Tigris River. These were al-Ubulla River and the Ma'qil River. The two canals were the basis for the agricultural development for the whole Basra region and used for drinking water. 'Umar also devised the policy of cultivating barren lands by assigning such lands to those who undertook to cultivate them.This policy continued during the Umayyad period and it resulted in the cultivation of large areas of barren lands through the construction of irrigation canals by the state and by individuals. During the time of Caliph Uthman he was replaced by Abdullah ibn Aamir as governor of Basra. He didn't show resentment about his replacement, instead he praising his Abdullah Ibn Aamir as the worthy and adequate successor. Following the assassination of Uthman
There are many unresolved issues regarding the First Fitna (literally "trial") period of dissension and civil war, which split the Muslim community following the assassination of the Caliph Uthman. When Ali arrived in Kufa in 656 seeking support against Aishah bint Abi Bakr and the Basrans it is agreed that <mask> (then the governor of Kufa), urged his subjects not to support Ali and avoid participation in the upcoming battle. When his advice was rejected and the people of Kufa supported Ali, <mask> was forced

masks:
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa


title: Abu Musa al-Ash'ari

texts:
 to leave and Ali disposed him from his Governorate. However, the next year <mask> is named as the arbitrator (hakam) chosen by defactors in Ali's party in accordance with the terms agreed between Ali Muawiyah after the battle of Siffin.There are many historical versions of the result of the arbitration court. According to an academic research done by Khalid Kabir Alal in University of Algeria, the most authentic version is that both <mask> and 'Amr ibn al-'As, the arbitrator appointed by Muawiyah I, decided that Muawiyah will be deposed, and the fate of the murderers of Uthman will be decided by the remaining of The Ten Promised Paradise. After this <mask> died in Mecca and some say in Kufa. There are a number of different dates given for his death, the most common being 662 and 672. Contributions to Islamic learning
Despite <mask>’s reputation as a soldier and politician, he was also praised for his beautiful recitation of the Qur'an, and he is associated with one of the early versions (mashahef), which was superseded by Uthman's recension. Some of the variants of <mask>'s version have been preserved. He was also a respected faqih and was regarded among the leading judges in early Muslim history.People used to say: "The judges in this ummah are four: Umar, Ali ibn Abi Talib, <mask> and Zayd ibn Thabit." <mask> is also credited with narrating numerous hadith, as well as being the ancestor of the founder of the Ash'ari theological school within Islam, <mask>-Hasan al-Ash'ari (d.935). See also
Al-Asha'ir Mosque
Sunni view of the Sahaba
Dhikr
Al Haleem
List of battles of Muhammad

Notes

External links
Sunni view
<mask> al-Ashari

Year of birth unknown
6th-century Arabs
7th-century Arabs
7th-century deaths
Companions of the Prophet
Rashidun governors of Kufa
Rashidun governors of Basra
Sahabah hadith

masks:
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu Musa
Abu al
Abu Musa


title: W. Walter Menninger

texts:
<mask> (born October 23, 1931), known by his peers as "Dr. <mask>", is an American psychiatrist in the third generation of the <mask> family, which has run the Menninger Foundation since 1925. He served as dean of the Karl Menninger School of Psychiatry and Mental Health Science and he was the CEO of the Menninger Clinic from the 1993 to 2001. During his tenure as CEO, the clinic began negotiations to move from Topeka, Kansas, to Houston, Texas, where it is affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine. Menninger has special interests in psychoanalysis and forensic psychiatry. He has served on several boards or committees related to prisons, police work and violence prevention. His research with Peace Corps volunteers resulted in his development of the Menninger morale curve, a schematic used to predict responses among people who are in new environments. Menninger wrote a nationally syndicated newspaper column for several years; he has served as editor of Psychiatry Digest and the Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic.Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in 1931 in Topeka, Kansas, to <mask><mask> and the former <mask>. His father was a doctor and psychiatrist in practice with his brother Karl and father C. F<mask>. They had founded the Menninger Clinic in 1925. The younger <mask> attended Stanford University, where he graduated in 1953. He joined Alpha Phi Omega. He wrote for The Stanford Daily for four years and ultimately served as its managing editor. He earned a medical degree from Cornell University Medical College.Career

Early career
Early in his career, Menninger became affiliated with Topeka State Hospital. In the early 1970s, he spoke out about budget cuts that affected the

masks:
William Walter Menninger
Walt
Menninger
William Walter
Menninger
William C
. Menninger
Catherine Wright
. Menninger
William


title: W. Walter Menninger

texts:
 training and hiring of personnel at the hospital. By that time, Menninger was also seeing psychiatric patients at his family's Menninger Foundation. By the mid-1970s, Menninger had taken leave from the foundation to focus on administration of the state hospital. Menninger conducted research on the morale of volunteers in the Peace Corps and in Volunteers in Service to America. As a result, he created the Menninger morale curve, which reflects the responses that can be expected when a person faces life changes. Menninger created a curve for positive life changes and one for negative changes.The curves identify four crisis points that a person must surmount when entering a new environment. Menninger Foundation

<mask>'s grandfather, C. F<mask>, father, <mask><mask>, and uncle, <mask>, established The Menninger Foundation in 1925 in Topeka, Kansas. With years of managing the large state hospital, in 1993 <mask> succeeded his older brother, Roy W<mask>, as the leader of the foundation. Menninger named Efrain Bleiberg as the president of the organization. He realized that he was probably the last family member to lead the organization; his plan included grooming Bleiberg for the CEO position when he decided to step down. Retiring from the Menninger Foundation in 2001, Menninger became the chairman of Menninger Trustees. The Menninger Clinic moved from Topeka to Houston in 2003, becoming affiliated with Baylor College of Medicine.While his older brother Roy was bothered by the move, <mask> backed the change in location. Consultants had recommended that the clinic be moved to an urban area near a medical school and an airport. In 2000, <mask> had said that the clinic would be out of business in

masks:
Menninger
. Menninger
William C
. Menninger
Karl Menninger
Walt
. Menninger
Walt Menninger
Walt Menninger


title: W. Walter Menninger

texts:
 a few years unless it moved. In the summer of 2001, negotiations between Menninger and Baylor College of Medicine were briefly called off, but the two institutions were able to work out an affiliation before the move. Relationships between the Menninger brothers and with other family members have sometimes been contentious, especially over moving the clinic after decades in Topeka, determining where to locate its archives, and the leadership of the organization in general. Psychiatrist <mask> has described the battles at the Menninger Clinic, saying, "First Dr. Roy pushed Dr. <mask> aside, and he went into exile at the state mental hospital. Then Dr. <mask> [came back and] pushed Dr. Roy aside."Other affiliations and awards
Menninger was the editor of Psychiatry Digest for several years in the 1970s. He authored close to 1,000 articles in a national newspaper column known as In-Sights in the 1970s and 1980s. He served as editor of the Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic for more than ten years until 2014. He has specific interests in psychoanalysis, forensic psychiatry and administrative psychiatry. He was called as an expert witness at the competency hearing of Sara Jane Moore. He served on the U.S. National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence and was a consultant to the Federal Bureau of Prisons. He was a member of the board of trustees of the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse (now PCA America).He is on the board of directors for the Police Foundation, a nonprofit organization that works to enhance policing techniques. In 1982, he testified before the Kansas legislature in support of the establishment of the guilty but mentally ill legal verdict.

masks:
William Simpson
Walt
Walt


title: W. Walter Menninger

texts:
 Menninger is president of the Tower Mental Health Foundation, which assists mental health organizations in Kansas. Personal
Menninger met his wife Connie while attending Stanford University. They had six children together: Fritz, John, Eliza, Marian, <mask>, and David. Daughter Eliza Menninger became a psychiatrist affiliated with Harvard Medical School. <mask> died in 2008.Menninger was a member of the Boy Scouts of America National Health and Safety Committee. He served on the BSA Executive Board and is a recipient of the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award. He received the BSA Silver Buffalo Award in 2001. Legacy and honors
Menninger has received honorary doctorates from Dominican University, Middlebury College, Washburn University, Ottawa University and Heidelberg College. He received the Distinguished Service Award from the American Psychiatric Association. Popular culture
Menninger served as a consultant for the 2013 film adaptation of The Great Gatsby, which begins and ends in a sanatorium, based on the Menninger Clinic. As a nod to Menninger, the psychiatrist in the movie is named <mask>.Selected publications
 <mask>, W. W. (1976). Happiness Without Sex: And Other Things Too Good to Miss. Sheed Andrews and McMeel. <mask>, W. W. (ed.) (1987). Military Psychiatry: Learning from Experience.Menninger Foundation. <mask>, W. W. (ed.) (1996). Coping with Anxiety: Integrated Approaches to Treatment. J. Aronson. Notes

External links
Search on W<mask> <mask> in Menninger Foundation Archives from Kansas State Historical Society

1931 births
Living people
American psychiatrists
Writers from Topeka, Kansas
Stanford University alumni
<mask>ll Cornell Medical College alumni
American health care

masks:
Will
Connie Menninger
Walter Perkins
Menninger
Menninger
Menninger
. Walter
Menninger
Wei


title: Robert Arthur Johnstone

texts:
<mask> (1843 – 16 January 1905) was an officer in the Native Police paramilitary force which operated in the British imperial colony of Queensland. He was stationed at various locations in central and northern Queensland between 1867 and 1880 conducting regular punitive expeditions against clans of Indigenous Australians who resisted British invasion. He also participated in several surveying expeditions in Far North Queensland, including those under the leadership of George Elphinstone Dalrymple, providing well-armed protection for the British explorers. As a result of being at the frontier of British colonial expansion in this region of Australia, a number of geographical and zoological entities are named after him, such as the Johnstone River and the freshwater crocodile. After resigning from the Native Police in 1880, <mask> was a police magistrate in various locations around Queensland before he retired from government service in 1891. In his years of duty for the Native Police, <mask> led many investigations, punitive expeditions and "dispersals". Whilst the activities of the Native Police were consistent with both Government policy and popular expectation, thousands of Aboriginal people were killed or displaced from their traditional lands by the Native Police.Early life and family history
<mask> <mask> was born in Richmond, Tasmania in 1843 to parents <mask> (alias Johnston Need) and Annie Elizabeth Easton. His paternal grandfather was Lieutenant-General Samuel Need. Lieutenant-General Need married an Indian woman, most likely the daughter of Saadat Ali Khan II, and had several children with her, one of whom was <mask>'s father. After the death of his wife, Samuel Need

masks:
Robert Arthur Johnstone
Johnstone
Johnstone
Robert Arthur
Johnstone
John Johnstone
Robert Johnstone


title: Robert Arthur Johnstone

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 returned with his children to Britain and remarried. Due to their Indian heritage and the strong racial prejudices present in English society, the sons were disinherited. One of the sons, Johnston Need, changed his name to <mask>, married Annie Easton, and moved to Tasmania in 1835 where <mask> was born. It is notable that a number of other Native Police officers, such as Lieutenant John Murray have similar family backgrounds involving Indian grandmothers.In 1850, at the age of seven, <mask> <mask> was sent to England to be educated at Norwich Grammar School. His father, in the meantime, had remarried and changed residence across Bass Strait to Tower Hill near Warrnambool in the British colony of Victoria. After his schooling, <mask> re-joined with his father and siblings at this location in around 1860. During this time <mask> claimed that he came in frequent contact with the remnants of the local Aboriginal population (probably the Koroit gundidj clan of the Gunditjmara) and with those residing on the Wannon River. In 1865, at the age of 22, <mask> decided to move to Queensland to pursue a career in pastoral land management along the colonial frontier. Property manager in Mackay region
After an apparently brief period of managing a pastoral property in the Apis Creek area northwest of Rockhampton, <mask> became property manager of the Greenmount run 10 km west of Mackay in North Queensland. Here he became acquainted with the operations and personnel of the local detachment of Native Police based at Fort Cooper.This government funded paramilitary force had been in existence in various forms throughout British colonised Australia since 1837 and consisted of white officers in

masks:
John Johnstone
Robert
Robert Arthur
Johnstone
Robert
Robert
Robert
Johnstone