title: Greg Mortenson

texts:
 Philadelphia Insurance company was ordered by Magistrate Judge Jeremy Lynch to repay Central Asia Institute $1.2 million to pay for legal costs involved in the lawsuits and investigations. In May 2015, the Montana Attorney General stated that Central Asia Institute and <mask> had completed the terms of a three-year compliance monitoring period, and CAI stated that the IRS had completed its examination of the nonprofit. The organization reported that it was having a return in donors and rise in contributions. 3000 Cups of Tea
Jennifer Jordan and Jeff Rhoads refuted the claims against Mortenson in their 2016 documentary 3000 Cups of Tea.In the film and through interviews Jordan showed that the accusations against Mortenson put forward by 60 Minutes and Jon Krakauer were largely not true and both failed to do adequate research and source verification. Jordan said in 2014: "Yes, <mask> is a bad manager and accountant, and he is the first to admit that, but he is also a tireless humanitarian with a crucially important mission." Recognition

Awards
 2003 Al Neuharth Free Spirit of the Year Award for building schools for Pakistani girls. In 2011, Mortenson was diagnosed with hypoxia and had surgery for an aneurysm and an atrial septal defect, an event which exactly coincided with the airing of the 60 Minutes expose and the release of Krakauer's accompanying book. References

External links
Official website of <mask>
Official website of "Pennies For Peace"

"The Real Enemy is Ignorance," <mask>'s Ubben Lecture at DePauw University, November 13, 2008. Living people
American memoirists
American humanitarians
American philanthropists
American Protestants
American mountain climbers
Founders of educational institutions
Education in Afghanistan
Education in Pakistan
Literacy advocates
University of South Dakota alumni
Writers from Bozeman, Montana
People from St. Cloud, Minnesota
People from Roseville, Minnesota
American expatriates in Pakistan
Male nurses
Recipients of the Sitara-e-Pakistan
Year of birth missing (living

masks:
Mortenson
Greg
Greg Mortenson
Greg Mortenson


title: Josefa de los Dolores Peña y Lillo Barbosa

type: original

texts:
Sister () <mask> y <mask>, OP (also known as sor <mask> or sor <mask>, 12 March 1739 – 29 August 1823)
was a Dominican nun and a self-taught writer of the Chilean Colonial period ascribed to Catholic confessional discourse produced by Indian nuns in South American cloisters during the fifteenth and seventeenth centuries. She cultivated the epistolary genre, but also rarely wrote poetry. She entered the religious life in 1751 against her parents' wishes, and began her literary production in 1763 probably by own choice. She is considered today "the best existing sources for the study of the Spanish language that was spoken during the Chilean Colonial period" and the most reliable source for diachronic linguistics. Despite her humble origins, she achieved great influence in the political world of the nascent Republican Chile, especially within government ministers during the Independence, who consulted her regularly. Alongside the autobiography of Ursula Suarez and collections of poems by Juana López and <mask>uín, the epistolary production of <mask> is included today within the first female literary records in Chile that identify and express themselves "in the literate territory of the city and culture of eighteenth-century Chilean colonial society". This is not to say that during that period there were no more written texts by nuns, but probably many of them are gone by authors' request.Biography
There are little biographical data available on <mask> <mask> <mask>, most of which are available in the monastery's records where she lived, some hagiographic publications, and her own confessional handwritten letters. She was born on 25 March 1739; and according to the clergyman and historian José Ignacio <mask> Portales, her parents were Ignacia <mask> and <mask> <mask>, both of humble origin, who was sent her to "Beaterio Dominico de Santa Rosa de Lima"—latter named "Monasterio de Dominicas de Santa Rosa de Lima de Santiago de Chile"—at age of seven, to pursue music studies. On 18 December 1751, aged 12, she decided to enter the convent as a postulant without her

masks:
Josefa de los Dolores Peña
Lillo Barbosa
Josefa de los Dolores
Dolores Peña y Lillo
Tadea de San Joaq
Sister Josefa
Josefa
de los
Dolores
Eyzagure
Barbosa
Alonso Peña
y Lillo


texts:
 parents' permission, made a vow of perpetual chastity at 15 and on 15 October 1756, she made her formal profession as a white veil nun under the tutelage of the Prioress Maria Antonia Wandin, thereby becoming a fully recognized member of the religious community. She lived in the monastery until her death in the first half of the 1820s: the historian <mask> in his 1850s "Historia eclesiástica, política y literaria de Chile, Tomo II" (Ecclesiastical, Political, and Literary History of Chile, Volume II) indicates that it was on 29 August 1823, while Raïssa Kordic, the editor of her work, indicates that she died on 27 August 1822, aged 83. Literary work

Historical context
Nuns' writings in colonial convents were a common practice in South American subcontinent, not only because it allowed to reinforce faith or because it was done "for confessional mandate", but also because it allowed "to express some concerns or dissatisfactions against the lived reality" for including issues related to material and spiritual life that they had within the convent. In this context, literary works by nuns were framed and developed in Chilean convents and monasteries during the colonial period until the 19th century; these included spiritual letters, diaries, autobiographies and epistolaries. Highlighted in these genres Tadea de San Joaquín, Úrsula Suárez and Josefa de los Dolores, whose works became the best known of its kind in the South American region, along with those of Capuchin Sister Maria Jacinta from cloister of Our Lady of the Pillar in Buenos Aires, possibly dating back to the 1820s.Characteristics of her work
Her literary output was based on a series of epistolary letters sent to her confessor Manuel José Álvarez López (1701–1773) of the Society of Jesus—with whom the convent remained a close connection—probably in a period between 15 March 1763, and 7 March 1769, or such later date (as several letters contain no precise data). In 1923, the existence of these manuscripts was first mentioned by the historian José Toribio Medina in History. Letters of women in Chile,


texts:
 1630–1885 (), but without a philological or linguistical point of view and with a short, imprecise descriptive character. Their rescue, analysis and publication started in the 2000s thanks to funding from the National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research, CONICYT. Genre
According to its literary technique, tone, content or length, her literary work is considered part of the epistolary genre, and constitutes "the only so far known in Chile, of significant size, that remains whole", while the subgenre is the letter. Several investigators "undearscore the letter's value as a 'technique' of confession, guided self-analysis, self-knowledge, self-development, and management of the cloistered nuns' inner life". In the case of Sister <mask> <mask> los <mask>, such writings have enabled to know their discursive production, and have allowed to include her in the group of the first female literates in Chile.Corpus
The letters were discovered in the archives of the monastery by the researcher and theorist Raïssa Kordic, who rescued over a hundred epistles "written in tiny italics, and developed in booklets of four to eight pages" that probably do not constitute all of her written work. Such correspondence was held by the Jesuit priest Manuel Álvarez until his departure from Chile in unspecified date due to the expulsion of the Jesuits; those missives passed into the hands of the Bishop and his successors until 1861, when the Prioress of the time requested them: their content was partially censured and then were returned to the monastery. In the early 2000s, an academic group from the University of Chile began a rescue process. Then in 2008, an edition containing 65 letters was published under the title of the "Epistolary of Sister <mask> y Lillo (Chile, 1763–1769)" () that included a critical analysis. Notes

References

Bibliography

1739 births
1823 deaths
Chilean women poets
Roman Catholic writers
18th-century Chilean women writers
Chilean Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
18th-century Chilean writers
Chilean Dominicans
Chilean non-fiction

masks:
Josefa
de
Dolores
Dolores Peña


title: Geoffrey Hodgson

texts:
<mask> (born 28 July 1946, Watford) is a Professor in Management at the London campus of Loughborough University, and also the editor-in-chief of the Journal of Institutional Economics. <mask> is recognised as one of the leading figures of modern critical institutionalism which carries forth the critical spirit and intellectual tradition of the founders of institutional economics, particularly that of Thorstein Veblen. His broad research interests span from evolutionary economics and history of economic thought to Marxism and theoretical biology. He first became known for his book Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics (1988), which criticises modern 'mainstream' economics and calls to revise economic theory on the new grounds of institutionalism. His reputation has become enhanced owing to the trilogy of more recent books – Economics and Utopia (1999), How Economics Forgot History (2001) and The Evolution of Institutional Economics (2004) all of which built <mask>'s arguments into a more rounded and powerful critique of mainstream economic theory. In 1988, <mask> was involved in setting up the European Association for Evolutionary Political Economy (EAEPE). He was its general secretary until 1998.In 2000 <mask> co-founded The Other Canon, a center and network for heterodox economics research, with main founder and executive chairman Erik Reinert and others. In 2013, <mask> co-founded the World Interdisciplinary Network for Institutional Research (WINIR). In his 2015 book "Conceptualizing Capitalism" and an article entitled "Legal Institutionalism", he sketched his own research program of a legal institutionalism. Institutions according to <mask>
According to <mask>, institutions are the stuff of social life. He defines them in a 2006 article by saying that institutions are "the systems of established and prevalent social rules that structure social interaction". Examples of institutions may be language,

masks:
Geoffrey Martin Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson
Hodgson


title: Geoffrey Hodgson

texts:
 money, law, systems of weights and measures, table manners and organisations (for example firms). Conventions, that may be included in law, can be regarded to be institutions as well (<mask>, 2006, p. 2).What <mask> considers important about institutions is the way that they structure social life and frame our perceptions and preferences. They also create stable expectations. He argues that: "Generally, institutions enable ordered thought, expectation, and action by imposing form and consistency on human activities". Consequently, institutions enable as well as constrain action. <mask> regards institutions as systems of rules. Broadly understood a rule is "a socially transmitted and customary normative injunction or immanently normative disposition, that in circumstances X do Y" (<mask>, 2006, p. 3). This means that to be effective a rule has to be embedded in dispositions or habits.Mere decrees are not necessarily rules in this sense. Habits and customs help to give a normative status to a legal rule that can help a new law to become effective. In the process of social interaction norms are constantly changed (<mask>, 2006, pp. 3–4)

Books
 Is Socialism Feasible? Towards an Alternative Future (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019). Is There a Future for Heterodox Economics? Institutions, Ideology and a Scientific Community (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2019).Evolutionary Economics: Its Nature and Future (Cambridge University Press, 2019). Wrong Turnings: How the Left Got Lost (University of Chicago Press, 2018). Conceptualizing Capitalism: Institutions, Evolution, Future (University of Chicago Press, 2015)
 From Pleasure Machines to Moral Communities: An Evolutionary Economics without Homo Economicus (University of Chicago Press, 2013)
 (Edited with Charles Camic) Essential Writings of Thorstein Veblen (Routledge, London and New York, 2011). (With Thorbjoern Knudsen) Darwin's Conjecture: The Search for General Principles of Social and Economic Evolution

masks: Hodgson Hodgson Hodgson Hodgson Hodgson


title: Geoffrey Hodgson

texts:
 (University of Chicago Press, 2010). .
 Economics in the Shadows of Darwin and Marx (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, 2006). . . The Evolution of Institutional Economics: Agency, Structure and Darwinism in American Institutionalism (Routledge, London, 2004). A Modern Reader in Evolutionary and Institutional Economics (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, 2002)
 How Economics Forgot History: The Problem of Historical Specificity in Social Science (Routledge, London, 2001). . Also in a Chinese edition.Evolution and Institutions: On Evolutionary Economics and the Evolution of Economics  (Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham and Northampton, 1999)
 Economics and Utopia: Why the Learning Economy is Not the End of History (Routledge, London, 1999)
 Economics and Evolution: Bringing Life Back Into Economics (University of Michigan Press and Polity Press, 1993). Economics and Institutions: A Manifesto for a Modern Institutional Economics (Polity Press, Cambridge, and University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1988). After Marx and Sraffa: Essays in Political Economy (Macmillan Press, London, 1991). The Democratic Economy: A New Look at Planning, Markets and Power (Penguin, Harmondsworth, 1984). Capitalism, Value and Exploitation (Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1982). Labour at the Crossroads (Martin Robertson, Oxford, 1981). Socialism and Parliamentary Democracy (Spokesman, Nottingham, 1977.Also in Italian, Spanish, Turkish and Japanese editions)
 Trotsky and Fatalistic Marxism (Spokesman, Nottingham. 1975). .

References
 <mask>, G.M., ‘What are institutions?’, Journal of Economic Issues 2006 vol. 40 no.1, p. 2–4 (on the internet: )

External links

 <mask>'s homepage
 <mask>'s New Politics blog
 Journal of Institutional Economics
 World Interdisciplinary Network for Institutional Research (WINIR)
 How Did Economics Get into Such a State? Academics of the University of Hertfordshire
English economists
People from Watford
1946 births
Living

masks:
Hodgson
Geoffrey Hodgson
Geoffrey Hodgson


title: Džanan Musa

texts:
<mask> (, born 8 May 1999) is a Bosnian professional basketball player for Río Breogán of the Liga ACB. Standing at  and weighing , <mask> plays the small forward position. He was selected by the Brooklyn Nets with the 29th pick in the 2018 NBA draft. Early career
Born in Bihać, Bosnia and Herzegovina, <mask> began playing soccer at first, before choosing to focus on basketball. <mask> started playing junior basketball in the youth setup at KK Bosna XXL, when he was 8 years old. He then moved to Sarajevo-based KK Koš, before joining Croatian team KK Cedevita in 2014. Professional career

Cedevita (2014–2018)
In December 2014, he signed a deal with Croatian team Cedevita.<mask> made his debut in Europe's top-tier level competition, the EuroLeague, on 15 October 2015, making him the ninth-youngest player to make their debut in the EuroLeague. <mask> played the first 4:55 minutes of the game and recorded 4 points. In June 2017, <mask> attended the Adidas Eurocamp, a basketball camp based in Treviso for international NBA draft prospects. He was named the Eurocamp 2017 Most Improved Player. In the 2017–18 season, while a member of Cedevita, <mask> was awarded the EuroCup Rising Star Trophy, after averaging 10.5 points and 3.2 rebounds per game, in 16 games played in Europe's 2nd-tier level EuroCup competition. He was also named the ABA League Top Prospect as well as to the All-ABA League Team for the 2017–18 season. Brooklyn Nets (2018–2020)
On April 12, 2018, <mask> declared for the 2018 NBA draft, where he was expected to be a first round selection.On June 21, he was selected with the 29th overall pick by the Brooklyn Nets. On July 12, the Nets signed <mask> to a rookie scale contract. During his rookie season, <mask> has had multiple assignments to the Long Island Nets of the NBA G League. On November 19, 2020, <mask> was traded to the Detroit Pistons in a three-team trade. On December 21, 2020, <mask> was waived by the Pistons. Anadolu Efes (2021)
On January 13, 2021, <mask> signed a 2.5 year contract with

masks:
Džanan Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa
Musa


title: Džanan Musa

texts:
 Anadolu Efes of the Turkish Basketball Super League. On June 27, 2021, Efes used their option to exit from their mutual contract and <mask> became a free agent.His short run with the Turkish club had four EuroLeague appearances and a short playing time total of 12 minutes. He also played in eight Turkish league games, averaging 11.4 points per game. Río Breogán (2021–present)
On July 21, 2021, <mask> signed with Río Breogán of the Liga ACB. National team career
<mask> played at the 2014 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship with the Bosnian national Under-16 team, leading the tournament in scoring, at 23.0 points per game. He also played at the 2015 FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship, which he led in scoring, at 23.3 points per game, and in assisting, at 6.3 assists per game. He also averaged 9.0 rebounds per game, during the tournament. In the tournament's finals game, against the tournament's hosts, Lithuania, <mask> scored 33 points, to go along with his 8 rebounds, 7 assists, 3 steals and 2 blocks, leading his team to an 85–83 victory, and securing a gold medal for his team.<mask> was named the MVP of the tournament, and he was also selected to the All-Tournament Team. <mask> also played at the 2016 FIBA Under-17 World Cup, which he led in scoring, at 34.0 points per game. He also averaged 8.1 rebounds and 3.0 assists per game. During the tournament, <mask> scored 50 points, in 27 minutes played, in a game against Chinese Taipei, which is the current record for the most points scored in a single game at the FIBA Under-17 World Cup tournament. players
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate basketball people in the United States
Bosnia and Herzegovina men's basketball players
Bosniaks of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslims
Brooklyn Nets draft picks
Brooklyn Nets players
CB Breogán players
Expatriate basketball people in Turkey
KK Cedevita players
Liga ACB players
Long Island Nets players
National Basketball Association players from Bosnia and Herzegovina
People from Bihać
Shooting guards
Small

masks: Musa Musa Musa Musa Musa Musa Musa


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts: <mask> (classical ; 4 April 182029 October 1907) was an Armenian Apostolic Church leader, educator, and publisher who served as Catholicos of All Armenians from 1893 to 1907. During this period he was known as <mask> of Van (Մկրտիչ Ա Վանեցի, <mask>i). A native of Van, one of the largest cities in Turkish (Western) Armenia, <mask> became a celibate priest (vardapet) in 1854 after the death of his wife and daughter. In the 1850s and 1860s he served as the abbot of two important monasteries in Turkish Armenia: Varagavank near Van and Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush. During this period he established schools and journals in both monasteries. He served as Patriarch of Constantinople—the most influential figure within the Ottoman Armenian community—from 1869 to 1873 and resigned due to pressure from the Ottoman government which saw him as a threat. He was the head of the Armenian delegation at the 1878 Congress of Berlin.Returning from Europe, he encouraged Armenian peasants to follow the example of Christian Balkan peoples by launching an armed struggle for autonomy or independence from the Ottoman Turks. Between 1879 and 1885 he served as prelate of Van, after which he was forced into exile to Jerusalem. He was elected as head of the Armenian Church in 1892, however, he was enthroned more than a year later and served in that position until his death. He opposed the Russian government's attempt to confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church in 1903, which was later canceled in part due to his efforts. Khrimian further endorsed the liberation movement of the Armenian revolutionaries. He is a towering figure in modern Armenian history and has been affectionately

masks:
Mkrtich Khrimian
Mkrtich I
Mkrtich A Vanets
Khrimian


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts:
 called Khrimian Hayrik (hayrik is diminutive for "father"). A well-known defender of Armenian interests and aspirations, his progressive activities are seen as having laid the groundwork for the rise of Armenian nationalism and the consequent national liberation movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.Early life, education, and travels
<mask> was born in the Aygestan (Aikesdan) quarter of Van. His father, a weaver, died when <mask> was a child and he was brought up by his uncle, Khachatur, a merchant. The root of his last name, Khrim, is the Armenian language term for Crimea, suggests a link his family had with the peninsula. He received informal education at parochial schools of Lim and Ktuts islands in Lake Van and Varagavank, where he studied classical Armenian, history, and ecclesiastical literature. Upon returning to Van in 1842, he embarked on a journey across the region and made a pilgrimage to Etchmiadzin, the center of the Armenian Church. Khrimian wished to continue his education at a European university, but this desire was never realized. He lived in Constantinople from 1844 to 1846 where he made connections with Armenian intellectuals.Returning to Van in 1846, he married Mariam Sevikian. In 1847 he crossed to Persia and the Russian Caucasus, where he visited the Ararat plain, Shirak, and Nakhichevan. He lived in Alexandropol (Gyumri) for six months. In 1848 once again moved to Constantinople via Tiflis, Batumi, and Trabzon. From 1848 to 1850 he taught at an all-girl school in Constantinople's Khasgiugh (Hasköy) quarter. In 1851 he traveled to Cilicia where he was sent to report on the state of Armenian schools. By traveling and living in

masks: Khrimian Mkrtich


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts:
 various Armenian-populated provinces, he acquired an intimate knowledge of the problems and aspirations of ordinary Armenians.He was upset with the apathy the upper and middle classes of the Armenian community of Constantinople showed towards provincial Armenians. Returning to Van in 1853, he found himself with no immediate family left; his wife, daughter, and mother had died. He thereafter decided to devote himself to a life in the Armenian Apostolic Church. In 1854, at age 34, Khirimian was ordained as vardapet (celibate priest) at the Aghtamar Cathedral in Lake Van. In 1855 he was appointed abbot of the Holy Cross Church in Scutari (Üsküdar), near Constantinople. <mask> began production of the periodical Artsvi Vaspurakan at a publishing house located next to his Scutari church. Van, Mush, and Constantinople

Monasteries of Varag and Surb Karapet
Khrimian returned to Van in 1857 and established the Zharangavorats School at Varagavank monastery.He founded a publishing house at the monastery, through which he resumed the publication of Artsvi Vaspurakan in 1859. Its publication continued until 1864. In 1862 he was appointed abbot of the Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush, which meant he was also the prelate of Taron. He revitalized the monastery and transformed it into a flourishing center. He founded a school there and a journal, called Artsvik Tarono. He succeeded in convincing the wali (governor) of the Erzurum Vilayet to lower taxes for Armenians. Patriarch of Constantinople
On 20 October 1868, <mask> was ordained as a bishop in Etchmiadzin.On 4 September 1869 he was elected as the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople, who was the de facto leader of the

masks: Khrimian Khrimian


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts: Armenian community of the Ottoman Empire in both religious and secular matters. According to Ali Tekkoyun, a Turkish scholar of religion, his election indicated that the Amira (wealthiest) class and the imperial authorities lost power over the Armenians as went against their interests. He cleared the patriarchate's debt and sought to increase the provincial representation in the Armenian National Assembly. As the de facto political leader of the Christian Armenian millet in the eyes of the Sublime Porte, he prepared a detailed report documenting instances of oppression, persecution, and miscarriage of justice in the Armenian provinces and presented the document to the Sublime Porte. Khrimian used the position to advance the interests and conditions of the poor and oppressed provincial Armenians. The Khrimian report, officially titled First Report on Provincial Oppressions needs to be understood in the context of the Tanzimat reforms (1839, 1856). Aimed at centralizing the administration and improving the tax base of the government, the reforms had not been effectively implemented in the more peripheral parts of the Empire, among them the Anatolian provinces.As a consequence, the local populations often suffered from double taxation, both from the central government and from the part of local tribal leaders who had access to tax farming rights, most of them Kurdish notables. Issues explicitly mentioned in <mask>'s report include: violence committed by tax farmers against the local population, forced conversions to Islam and other crimes committed out of religious fanaticism, over-taxation, and neglect of tax farmer duties, leading to harvest losses. The report


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts:
 also made several suggestions on how to address the above-mentioned problems: In particular, the Kurdish tribesmen were supposed to be disarmed and taught an agricultural lifestyle. Moreover, the report asked for the creation of an effective police force, with Armenians being allowed to serve at all levels, and for transparent communication of the Sublime Porte's orders. His outspokenness about the issues facing the Armenian population annoyed not only the Ottoman authorities but some of the Armenian wealthy elite as well. According to Gerard Libaridian, the promotion of rights of provincial Armenians "made him an enemy of many influential Armenians in Istanbul." He was compelled to resign by the Ottoman government in 1873.Armayis Vartooguian wrote in 1896 that <mask> "could have held the post of Patriarch of Constantinople for life had he not been driven to resign by the intrigues of the Turkish Government, which disliked him very much because of his zeal for the well-being of his flock." Following his resignation, Khrimian dedicated his time to literary pursuits. Berlin Congress
In the aftermath of the 1877–78 Russo-Turkish War, <mask> led the Armenian delegation at the Congress of Berlin. The delegation's mission was to present a memorandum to the great powers concerning the implementation of reforms in the Armenian provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The delegation's main goal was to secure substantial reforms in the Armenian provinces that would be supervised by European powers—which meant Russia in reality, as its troops where stationed in parts of Armenia. Armenians hoped that Russian pressure (and threat of intervention) would force the Ottoman government


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts:
 swords make noise, what significance do appeals and petitions have?" He added:

Prelate of Van and exile

After his return from Europe, <mask> demonstration, four representatives of the Armenian National Assembly (<mask>, Garegin Srvandztiants, Matthew Izmirlian, Grigoris Aleatjian) presented a report criticizing the Ottoman government for the treatment of the Armenian peasantry. In December 1890, he was exiled to Jerusalem "under pretense of being on a pilgrimage." He lived in the St. James monastery in the city's Armenian Quarter. Catholicos
On 5 May 1892, an election held at Etchmiadzin unanimously elected Khrimian to the position of Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church. According to Vartooguian, "Khrimian's popularity was so overwhelming that any one opposing him would be recognized by the nation as a traitor. Khrimian was recognized as the standard of patriotism, and whoever sought the best interests of the nation could not but favor his election."Vartooguian adds that the Russian imperial government was displeased with his election as they sought to incorporate the Armenian Church under the jurisdiction of the Russian Orthodox Church in an attempt to Russify the Armenian population. <mask>, aged 72, was not initially allowed to travel to Etchmiadzin by Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Over a year later, after the Russian emperor's request was he granted permission to travel, but only if he did not set foot in Turkey. According to Hacikyan et al., the Ottomans feared "excessive manifestations of jubilations by the Armenians." The Ottoman government forbade <mask> from traveling to Echmiadzin through their territory, and so he was required to travel via

masks: Khrimianpu Khrimian Khrimian Khrimian


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts:
 Jaffa, Alexandria, Trieste, Vienna, Odessa, Sevastopol, Batumi, and then Tiflis. Some 17 months after his election, he was enthroned as Catholicos on 26 September 1893. His Ottoman citizenship was revoked and he became a Russian subject.In 1895, he traveled to Saint Petersburg to meet the Russian Tsar Nicholas II to request the implementation of reforms in the Ottoman Empire's Armenian provinces. During the Hamidian massacres of 1894–96, Khrimian provided material assistance to the Armenian refugees. Among his other accomplishments were the renovations of numerous ancient monasteries and churches. In June 1903, the Russian government issued an edict to close down Armenian schools and confiscate the properties of the Armenian Church, including the treasures of Etchmiadzin. The act had the primary purpose of accelerating the process of Russification of the Armenian people and church. <mask> collaborated with the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or Dashnaktsutyun) to organize mass demonstrations against the edict. According to the historian Rouben Paul Adalian, it was a combination of Dashnaktsutyun's popular resistance and Khrimian's personal defiance that resulted in the edict being canceled in 1905.In 1907, Khrimian clarified the relations between the patriarch of Constantinople and emphasized the primacy of the see of Echmiadzin. In September of that year he sent a letter to Nicholas II in which he called upon the Russian government to prevent the violence then facing the Ottoman Empire's Armenian population. Views and ideological influence

Progressivism

In the 1860s and 1870s, <mask> was, along with Harutiun Svadjian, one of the major liberal Armenian


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts:
 the international stage." According to Tekkoyun, Khrimian "always advocated the awareness of laymen with nationalistic and patriotic ideas, which was possible only through the medium of journals and literature." Khrimian particularly emphasized the use of vernacular language in his writings. <mask>'s view of Armenian nationalism as a cultural reawakening transformed into nationalism as an armed revolutionary movement in response to the repressive regime of Ottoman and Russian government as well as European policies towards Armenia. Khrimian explicitly endorsed the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaktsutyun) in an 1896 letter to the Armenians of Van, in which he wrote:

Before this the church had maintained a distance from the Armenian revolutionary groups as the latter saw the former as a conservative institution. It was Khrimian who welcomed revolutionary activism, especially by the Dashnaktsutyun, the most influential Armenian party. According to Panossian, Khrimian thus radicalised, to a certain degree, the Armenian Church and as such secularised in its vision of the Armenian nation.Death and legacy

<mask> died on 29 October 1907. He was buried, like many of his predecessors, at the courtyard of Etchmiadzin Cathedral. Sculptor Sergey Merkurov made his death mask. Khrimian was revered by Armenians during his lifetime. He was called Hayrik (diminutive for "father") since his time as abbot of Surb Karapet Monastery near Mush in the early 1860s. Sarkis Atamian claims that "[n]o man, perhaps, in Armenian history, has come to symbolize the kind, wise, paternalistic leader of his flock as did Khrimian who was given the title Hairig (little father) in


title: Mkrtich Khrimian

texts:
 centuries and speak with a familiar language about her cherished aspirations and immortal goals." Khrimian is the subject of paintings of several prominent Armenian artists, such as Ivan Aivazovsky, Yeghishe Tadevosyan, and Vardges Sureniants.Armenian-American composer Alan Hovhaness wrote a concerto titled Khrimian Hairig in October 1944. In his own words, "The music was inspired by a portrait of the heroic priest <mask> Hairig, who led the Armenian people through many persecutions." The composition was first commercially recorded in 1995 by the Manhattan Chamber Orchestra, conducted by Richard Auldon Clark. A school in Yerevan, Armenia's capital, founded by Khrimian in 1906 and renamed for the 26 Baku Commissars during the Soviet period, was renamed after him in 1989. Publications

Khrimian authored essays and books. His most notable works are the following:
1850: Հրաւիրակ Արարատեան, Hravirak Araratian (Convoker to Ararat): "a verse essay in classical Armenian in which he assumes the role of guide and leads a group of youths though the history and geography of the ancestral homeland, extolling its ancient glories and exquisite beauty in an attempt to instill a love and passion for the mother country in the young generation"
1851: Հրաւիրակ երկրին աւետեաց, Hravirak yerkrin avetiatz (Convoker to the Promised Land): "a similar verse essay published after a trip to the Holy Land in which he leads youths on a tour of the holy sites, teaching them the essence of Christianity as they go." 1876: Խաչի ճառը, Khachi char (Discourse on the Cross)
1876: Ժամանակ եւ խորհուրդ իւր, Zhamanak yev khorhurd yur (Time and its mystery)
1876: Դրախտի ընտանիք, Drakhti entanik (The


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
<mask> (born 16 April 1997) is a professional Australian rules footballer playing for the Richmond Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). He is a three-time premiership player with the club and in 2017 he received the award for the AFL's Goal of the Year. Early life and junior football
<mask> was born in Fremantle, Western Australia and grew up in Pirlangimpi on Melville Island, among the Tiwi Islands of the Northern Territory. He first attended high school at St John's Catholic College in Darwin and played competitive football with the St Mary's Football Club in the Northern Territory Football League. He moved away from home to Victoria at age 14 however, where he boarded at St Patricks College in Ballarat and played in the school's 2015 state schools championship winning side. In 2015 he played nine

masks:
Daniel Rioli
Rioli


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 matches for the North Ballarat Rebels in the TAC Cup including a four-goal performance in the club's qualifying final against the Geelong Falcons. <mask> played representative football for the Northern Territory in the 2015 Under-18 championships where he appeared in three matches for the side.He went on to play as part of the Under-18s Allies in a match against the AFL Academy held prior to the 2015 AFL Grand Final in which he kicked four goals. At the 2015 Draft Combine he recorded impressive results, finishing second in the 20 metre sprint and first in the 30 metre repeat sprint tests. AFL career

2016 season
<mask> was drafted by  with the club's first selection and the 15th pick overall in the 2015 national draft. He made his AFL debut in round 1 of the 2016 AFL season in a victory against the club's traditional

masks: Rioli Rioli


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: rival  at the MCG. He did not play the following week, sitting out one match with a minor leg injury. <mask> kicked his first career goal in his next match, a round 3 loss to . He missed another match in round 9, this time to travel home because of an illness in the family.At the mid-season bye he had played 10 of a possible 12 matches and kicked six goals over that span. He missed two matches after the bye, this time in rounds 14 and 15 before returning in round 16 and remaining in the side for the final eight matches of the season. <mask> won nomination for the 2016 AFL Rising Star award after a 16 disposal, four tackle and two goal performance in the club's round 22 loss to . He finished his debut season having played 18 matches and kicking a club sixth-best 13 goals. He also finished ranked sixth at the clubs for


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 tackles and was awarded the Cosgrove-Jenkins Award as Richmond's best first-year player. 2017 season

<mask>, along with forward-line companions Jason Castagna and Dan Butler, played a key role in Richmond's five game unbeaten start to the 2017 season. After five rounds the small-forward trio had combined for 23 goals (<mask> with eight) and 44 tackles (10 for Rioli).<mask> earned a goal of the week nomination in round 3 for a boundary line snap in the club's win over . In addition to his work on-field, <mask> was impressive with his leadership off-field. Captain Trent Cotchin lauded <mask> for his leadership and maturity, saying "He's been nothing short of outstanding and taking other guys that we’ve drafted into the club under his wing this season has been really special.” In April, coach Damien Hardwick said a

masks: Rioli Rioli Rioli Rioli Rioli


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: midfield role lay in <mask>'s future, once the young forward developed the aerobic capacity required to play higher up the ground. After six rounds, <mask> was tied-second at the club for goals scored that season. His 76.9% conversion rate was the best of Richmond's top five goal kickers. At the mid-season bye <mask> had played in all 11 Richmond AFL matches and kicked a total of 12 goals. In round 19 he kicked a then career-best three goals, with all coming in the first quarter of the club's win over .To that point he ranked fourth among all forwards in the league for both turnovers created and points from turnovers created. When September came <mask> would play in his first career final, turning in eight disposals and four tackles in a qualifying final victory over . He turned in a starring performance the next week

masks: Rioli Rioli Rioli Rioli


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 though, kicking a career-high four goals as he helped Richmond towards their first Grand Final since his uncle Maurice did so in 1982. There he became a premiership player, contributing 11 disposals and five tackles in his side's 48 point victory over minor premiers . He did not come away unscathed however, suffering a broken foot that would require surgery and at least three months of rest and rehabilitation. At season's end <mask> was named on the bench of the AFL Players' Association's 22 Under 22 team which recognises the best young players in the league. He also received the league Goal of the Year award for his round 3 snap, despite it not winning the fan vote for that round's best.<mask> ranked first at Richmond and eighth in the league for tackles inside 50 in the 2017 season. 2018 season
The lingering effects


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: of his previous year's foot injury saw <mask> miss the entirety of the club's 2018 pre-season training including a second surgery to remove the previously inserted metal plates. Initial forecasts  had <mask> slated to begin running again in early January but these proved overly optimistic. His return to training would instead be delayed until late January, with club officials at that time still remaining optimistic that he would be fit for a round 1 return to AFL action. Again, these predictions proved optimistic, with <mask> ruled no chance to play in round 1 from as far out as early March. He returned to full training after round 5 of the AFL season but club doctors remained tight-lipped on an expected match-day return date given his significant lack of conditioning. He set a personal goal to play in the club's round

masks: Rioli Rioli Rioli


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: 11 Dreamtime at the 'G match with Essendon and appeared close to the mark when upgraded to 'possible' on the club's injury list in mid-May.He made his return to competitive football, albeit in limited game-time and via the club's reserve side in the VFL, in the weekend of the AFL's round 9. He played a further three matches at the lower level, increasing playing time with each. <mask> finally earned a return to AFL football in round 13's win over  at the MCG. There he set a new career-high with eight tackles, was named in the club's best players by the Herald Sun and was one of five Richmond players to earn a vote in the Coaches Association's player of the year award. Two weeks later he attracted similar praise for kicking a two-goal performance in a win over  where he left the field early with a suspected but


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: ultimately unfounded groin injury. <mask> showed no signs of injury the following week, when he kicked a season-best three goals in a tight loss to the  that saw him labelled in Richmond's best by AFL Media. He played his 50th AFL match in round 20, adding 12 disposals in a win over  at the MCG.The following week <mask> set a career best with 25 disposals in a win over . After playing the final 10 consecutive matches of the home and away season, <mask> entered the finals series with the minor premiership winning Richmond hosting fourth placed  in a qualifying final. <mask> added three goals in what was ultimately a 31-point win, including a notable dribble kick goal in the second quarter of that match. In the week-long break that followed, <mask> suffered a minor finger injury while completing a club training session.


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 Despite some initial concern about the injury, <mask> would not miss a training session after scans confirmed the injury to be nothing more than a minor jarring. He played at full health and recorded 14 disposals in the club's preliminary final, a shock knock-out loss to  that brought his season to an end. <mask> finished the season having played 12 matches and set new career best averages in all major statistical categories including goals, disposals, marks and tackles.2019 season

<mask> spend the 2018/19 off-season training as a part time midfielder in addition to his forward-line duties. He was among Richmond's best players in the first of his club's two pre-season matches, where he spend part of his time playing as a midfielder. After playing in the season-opening match against Carlton, <mask> kicked his first goal


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: of the season in round 2 against  at the MCG. He followed that with three goals against the  in round 3, but where he also suffered bruised ribs during a collision with an opposition player. <mask> did not miss a match as a direct result of that injury, but in round 7 suffered more damage with thigh, hip and rib bruising sustained in a marking contest that would lead to him to be ruled out from playing the following week. After one week rest and recovery, <mask> failed to earn immediate selection to AFL level, instead playing one match with the club's reserves side in the VFL. <mask> returned to AFL level for the Dreamtime at the 'G match in round 10, wearing a guernsey he had designed with his mother and father and that featured imagery central to his family and the Tiwi Islands that were his childhood home, including


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: the family totem of the turtle.He could not hold his place past that match however, immediately dropped back to VFL level the next week. It would prove to be another short stint though, with <mask> immediately recalled to AFL level after laying seven tackles in that VFL win over . He lifted his goalkicking tally over the next month, with five goals across the three weeks from round 13. In round 17 he recorded a season-best 18 disposals in a win over the Giants. <mask> closed out the regular season with form The Age described as "patchy", kicking three goals in total and only twice gathering more than 15 disposals in the final six weeks of the season. <mask> was named by AFL Media as one of his side's best players in a 47-point qualifying final victory over the  to open the finals series, kicking two goals but suffering


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 a rolled ankle during that match. The injury did not require significant treatment or rehabilitation and allowed <mask> to play a full match in his side's preliminary final victory over  a fortnight later.His output was poor in that match however, going scoreless, contributing only nine disposals and with AFL Media noting he "didn't provide enough forward pressure." In the grand final against , AFL Media labelled <mask> "fantastic in the forward half of the ground" despite a modest stat line that included one goal and four tackles in his side's 89-point victory that earned him a second premiership in three years. At the end of the year, <mask> placed equal-tenth in the club's best and fairest count alongside fellow small forward Jason Castagna. 2020 season
<mask> took part in each of his club's two pre-season series


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: possibility of continuing the season as planned.<mask> contributed six disposals when the season resumed in June after an 11-week hiatus, before another six disposal outing in round 3 saw him omitted from the club's round 4 lineup. He instead played in an unofficial scratch match against 's reserves that same week, held due to all AFL clubs' withdrawal from the VFL season. After starring with two goals at the lower level, he earned an immediate recall for the club's round 5 win over , in which <mask> kicked one goal. <mask> held his spot for a further three matches, over which time the club was relocated to the Gold Coast in response to a virus outbreak in Melbourne. He was once again dropped from senior football in round 10, this time following an eight disposal outing against  the previous week. After two matches out,


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: <mask> made his return to football in a round 11 loss to . He was among his side's best during round 13's Dreamtime in Darwin match, recording 16 disposals, a team-high five tackles and kicking a goal in his first AFL match in his Northern Territory home.<mask> played in each of the final four matches of the regular season, before contributing a season-best two goals in a qualifying final loss to the . He had another goal and recorded 15 disposals in a semi-final win against  one week later, before adding 39 pressure points and six tackles to help his side to a preliminary final victory over . <mask> became Richmond's youngest three-time premiership player ever the following week, adding four tackles in his side's 31-point grand final victory over . He finished the year having played 18 of a possible 21 matches, and


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 placed equal 14th in the club's best and fairest count. 2021 season
<mask> was hampered by part of the 2021 pre-season training period with an ankle injury, but was ultimately recovered to feature in both the club's pre-season match against  and its season-opening match against . After recording seven disposals in round 2, <mask> was formally omitted from the club's round 3 side, though ultimately activated as a medical substitute to replace the injured Dion Prestia in that match. He was again dropped the following week, but played reserves football in the VFL.One week later, he returned with two goals in a round 5 win over  before notching his 100th AFL game in round 6's loss to . In early May, <mask> was punched in the face by a nightclub patron who he confronted for inappropriate behaviour to his girlfriend. <mask>


title: Daniel Rioli

texts: faced no sanction from the league or the club for his part in the fight and he was medically cleared to play the following week despite suffering a cut to the face, going on to kick the match-winning goal in that round 9 victory over . Following a seven-disposal showing in round 10, <mask> was once again dropped from the first-choice senior side, but was used as the medical substitute in each of the following two matches. He was returned to the starting lineup for a single game in round 13, before being dropped to reserves level for an extended period. <mask> was trialed in a new role as a half-back during his stint at VFL level and was immediately impressive, earning elevation to the club's AFL backline in round 17 following a 26-disposal game in the VFL and an injury to veteran half-back Bachar Houli. <mask> grew well


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 into the role over the final seven weeks of the season, playing in each match and recording 20 more disposals on three occasions.With the club failing to qualify for finals, <mask>'s season ended at the conclusion of the regular reason, having played 19 matches. Player profile
<mask> plays primarily as a rebounding half back. He is notable for his acceleration and sprint speed while carrying the ball out of defense. For the first five and a half seasons of this career, <mask> played as a defensive small forward and was lauded for his ability apply forward-half pressure and create turnovers among opposition defenders. Statistics
 Statistics are correct to the end of the 2021 season

|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 17 || 18 || 13 || 6 ||


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 || 6 || 120 || 127 || 247 || 54 || 46 || 0.5 || 0.3 || 6.3 || 6.7 || 13.0 || 2.8 || 2.4
|-
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 114
! 89
! 56
! 677
! 652
!1329
! 312
! 352
! 0.8
! 0.5
! 5.9
! 5.7
!11.7
! 2.7
! 3.1
|}

Notes

Honours and achievements
Team
 3x AFL premiership player: 2017, 2019, 2020
 McClelland Trophy (): 2018

Individual
22under22 team: 2017
 AFL Goal of the Year: 2017
 AFL Rising Star nominee: 2016

Personal life
He is the fourth in the <mask> family to play in the AFL, following in the footsteps of uncles, Dean and Maurice and cousin Cyril. His older cousin <mask> joined the family's playing ranks when he debuted in 2018. He is also cousin to former Essendon player Michael Long. His younger brother Brayden is a member of 's Next Generation Academy, boarded at <mask>'s alma mater St Patrick's

masks:
Rioli
Willie Rioli
Daniel


title: Daniel Rioli

texts:
 College in Ballarat and has represented the Northern Territory at AFL Under 16 Championships. Rioli lived with Richmond senior coach Damien Hardwick and his family for the first two years of his AFL career.In March 2018 he began dating Mia Fevola, the daughter of former  and  forward, Brendan Fevola. They announced their separation in February 2020. References

External links

<mask>'s statistics from Footy Wire

Living people
1997 births
Greater Western Victoria Rebels players
Richmond Football Club players
Richmond Football Club Premiership players
Indigenous Australian players of Australian rules football
Australian rules footballers from the Northern Territory
St Mary's Football Club (NTFL) players
Tiwi Islands people
Rioli family
People educated at St Patrick's College, Ballarat
Three-time VFL/AFL Premiership


title: Basil Montagu

texts:
<mask> (24 April 1770 – 27 November 1851) was a British jurist, barrister, writer and philanthropist. He was educated at Charterhouse and studied law at Cambridge. He was significantly involved in reforms to bankruptcy laws of Britain. He served as Accountant-General in Bankruptcy between 1835 and 1846. He was highly influenced by the writings of Francis Bacon. He was the son of <mask>, 4th Earl of Sandwich, and his mistress, singer Martha Ray. Life
He was the second illegitimate son of <mask> by Martha Ray; he was acknowledged by his father, and brought up at Hinchingbrooke, Huntingdonshire.He was educated at Charterhouse School and Christ's College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in 1786, graduated B.A. (fifth wrangler) in 1790, and proceeded to obtain an M.A. in 1793. On 30 January 1789 he was admitted as a member of Gray's Inn, but continued to reside at Cambridge until 1795, when, having by a technical loophole lost the portion of inheritance intended for him by his father, he came to London to read for the bar. He was on intimate terms with Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth, whose early enthusiasm for the ideas of the French Revolution he shared. In the autumn of 1797 he made a tour in the Midlands counties with William Godwin. He spent a week in Godwin's house in 1797, assisting the distraught Godwin, whose wife Mary Wollstonecraft was dying, following the birth of a daughter.He was called to the bar on 19 May 1798. By Sir James Mackintosh, whose acquaintance he soon afterwards made, and

masks:
Basil Montagu
John Montagu
John Montagu


title: Basil Montagu

texts:
 with whom he went the Norfolk circuit, he was converted to political moderation and the study of Francis Bacon. <mask> was also a friend of Samuel Parr. <mask> never became eminent as a pleader, but he gradually acquired a practice in chancery and bankruptcy; his leisure time he devoted to legal and literary work. Appointed by Lord Erskine, 1806–7, to a commissionership in bankruptcy, <mask> set himself to reform the bankruptcy law. He also founded in 1808 the Society for the Diffusion of Knowledge upon the Punishment of Death, with William Allen. In July 1825 he gave evidence before the chancery commission, and suggested a radical reform.In Trinity term 1835 <mask> was made K.C., and soon afterwards accountant-general in bankruptcy. His tenure of this office, which lasted until 1846, he established the liability of the Bank of England to pay interest on bankruptcy deposits. He was a member of the Athenæum Club, and his town house, 25 Bedford Square, was for many years a centre of reunion for London literary society. He was one of the most attentive listeners to Coleridge's monologues at Highgate. He died at Boulogne-sur-Mer on 27 November 1851. Founder Member of RSPCA
Along with Sir James Mackintosh, Thomas Fowell Buxton, William Wilberforce, Richard Martin MP and the Reverend Arthur Broome, <mask> attended a meeting on 16 June 1824 at Old Slaughter's Coffee House in St. Martin's Lane, London that created the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (in 1840 by royal assent from Queen Victoria it

masks: Montagu Montagu Montagu Montagu Montagu


title: Basil Montagu

texts:
 became the RSPCA). <mask> was one of eleven members that formed a sub-committee to "superintend the Publication of Tracts, Sermons, and similar modes of influencing public opinion" about the humane treatment of animals.<mask> Broome for many years before the SPCA was founded. In 1815 Broome dedicated his book Selections from the Works of Fuller and South, with Life and Character of Fuller to <mask>. Works
In 1801 <mask> published A Summary of the Law of Set Off, with an Appendix of Cases argued and determined in the Courts of Law and Equity upon that subject, London, on an intricate branch of the law; and between 1805 and 1807 compiled A Digest of the Bankrupt Laws, with a Collection of the Cases argued and determined in the Courts of Law and Equity upon that subject, London, 4 vols. In 1809 he published An Enquiry respecting the Expediency of Limiting the Creditor's power to refuse a Bankrupt's Certificate, London; in 1810 an Enquiry respecting the Mode of Issuing Commissions in Bankruptcy, London, a protest against the practice then in vogue of initiating bankruptcy proceedings by means of secret commissions; and in 1811 Enquiries respecting the Administration of Bankrupts' Estates by Assignees, London. He published in 1809 a volume of selections entitled The Opinions of different Authors upon the Punishment of Death, London; and in subsequent years a variety of pamphlets on the same topic. In 1813 appeared his Enquiries respecting the Proposed Alteration of the Law of Copyright as it affects Authors and

masks: Montagu Montagud Montagu Montagu


title: Basil Montagu

texts: Bankrupt Court Act, arranged with a copious Index and Observations upon the Erroneous Principle on which it is Founded, London, 1831. In 1837 <mask> published, with Scrope Ayrton, The Law and Practice in Bankruptcy as altered by the New Statutes, Orders, and Decisions, London, 2 vols. ; 2nd edit.1844. <mask> also published several series of bankruptcy reports: with John Macarthur, London, 1830, 1832; with Scrope Ayrton, 1834–9, 3 vols. ; with Richard Bligh, 1835; with Edward Chitty, 1840; with Edward E. Deacon and John De Gex, 1842–5, 3 vols. To the Retrospective Review <mask> contributed in 1821 two articles on the Novum Organum of Francis Bacon, whose Works he edited, in 16 vols., between 1825 and 1837. He attempted to rehabilitate Bacon's character as a man. Thomas Babington Macaulay criticised <mask> in a celebrated Essay on Bacon, originally published in the Edinburgh Review for July 1837. In 1841 <mask> began the publication of Letters to the Right Hon.T. B. Macaulay upon the Review of the Life of Lord Bacon; only the first, however, dealing with Bacon's conduct in Peacham's case, appeared. <mask>'s edition was effectively superseded by James Spedding's work from 1860; he was assisted in it by Francis Wrangham and William Page Wood, who were responsible for the translations of the Latin treatises. <mask> also published a volume of Essays, mainly reprints, with An Outline of a Course of Lectures upon the Conduct of the Understanding, London, 1824; Thoughts on Laughter, London, 1830; Thoughts of Divines

masks: Montagu Montagu Montagu Montagu Montagu Montagu Montagu


title: Basil Montagu

texts:
 and Philosophers, London, 1832, (a volume of selections); Lectures delivered at the Mechanics' Institution upon the connexion between Knowledge and Happiness, London, 1832; Essays and Selections, London, 1837; and Thoughts on the Conduct of the Understanding, a fragment of an intended major work that he had on hand for thirty years, printed for private circulation, probably in 1847. <mask> published a long series of pamphlets denouncing the death penalty (1811–30), and two on the emancipation of the Jews (1833–34). Other works were:

 Enquiries and Observations respecting the University Library, Cambridge, 1805;
 Selections from the Works of Taylor, Hooker, Hall, and Lord Bacon, with an Analysis of the Advancement of Learning, London, 1805;
 An Examination of some Observations upon a passage in Dr. Paley's Moral Philosophy on the Punishment of Death, London, 1810;
 Some Enquiries into the Effects of Fermented Liquors, London, 1814;
 Some Thoughts upon Liberty, and the Rights of Englishmen, London, 1819;
 The Private Tutor, or Thoughts upon the Love of Excelling and the Love of Excellence, London, 1820;
 A Letter to the Right Hon. Charles, Lord Cottenham, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, on the Separation of the Judicial and Political Functions of the Lord Chancellor, London, 1836;
 Knowledge, Error, Prejudice, and Reform, London, 1836;
 Rules for the Construction of Statutes, Deeds, and Wills, London, 1836;
 Adam in Paradise, or a View of Man in his first State, London, 1837, a reprint of Robert South's


title: Basil Montagu

texts:
 sermon on Gen. i. 27;
 A Letter addressed to Charles Purton Cooper, Esq., Secretary to the Commissioners on the Public Records upon the Report of the recent Record Committee, London, 1837;
 The Law of Parliamentary Elections (with W. Johnson Neale), London, 1839;
 The Funerals of the Quakers, London, 1840;
 The Law and Practice upon Election Petitions before Committees of the House of Commons, London, 1840;
 Three Lectures on the Works of Lord Bacon (unknown date).<mask> married three times:
 On 4 September 1790, Caroline Matilda Want of Brampton, Huntingdonshire;
 at Glasgow, in 1801, Laura, eldest daughter of Sir William Beaumaris Rush of Roydon, Suffolk, and Wimbledon, Surrey;
 the widow of Thomas Skepper, lawyer, of York. He had by his first wife a son <mask>, mentioned in William Wordsworth's lines 'To my Sister' and 'Anecdote for Fathers'. By his second wife he had three sons; and two sons and a daughter by his third wife. All his children but two (his daughter and one of his sons by his third wife) died in his lifetime. His third wife, whose maiden name was Benson, was the daughter of a wine merchant of York, and in her youth had known Robert Burns (cf. his complimentary letter to her dated Dumfries, 21 March 1793, in his Correspondence). She in middle age fascinated Edward Irving, who gave her the sobriquet of "the noble lady".'Thomas Carlyle, introduced to her by Irving in 1824, corresponded with her; and during the earlier years of his residence in London was a frequent visitor at 25 Bedford

masks:
Family Montagu
Basil Caroline


title: Basil Montagu

texts:
 Square. Carlyle was offended by an offer of a clerkship at £200 a year which <mask> made him in 1837. His early letters to her were printed for private circulation by her daughter by her first husband, Mrs Procter, soon after the publication of the 'Reminiscences' (see Bryan Waller Procter). A portrait of <mask> by Opie was lent by Bryan Waller Procter ("Barry Cornwall") to the third Loan Exhibition (No. 183). References

Attribution

External links
Biography from the Montague family history
Biography from Thoemmes Continuum

1770 births
1851 deaths
People educated at Charterhouse School
English barristers
Francis Bacon scholars
<mask>
English philanthropists
Younger sons of earls
Members of Gray's Inn
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
16th-century English

masks:
Montagu
Montagu
Basil Montagu


title: Ramlan Ibrahim

texts:
<mask> (born 6 January 1957) is a current member of the Election Commission of Malaysia and a former Secretary-General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Malaysia. He is the 15th person to hold the post since the establishment of the Ministry in 1956. A career diplomat, <mask> was previously the country's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. His stint in New York coincided with Malaysia's membership to the United Nations Security Council, as one of its ten non-permanent members. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Penang, a state in the north of Malaysia, in 1957. He obtained a bachelor's degree from the National University of Malaysia (UKM), and a Masters in International Relations from Webster University. Career
<mask> entered the Administrative and Diplomatic Service of Malaysia in 1983.His first posting was as Second Secretary to the Embassy of Malaysia in Jakarta in 1988. Two years later, he was reassigned to the Embassy of Malaysia in the Netherlands, but as First Secretary. In 1994, <mask> returned to the headquarters and was assigned to the Europe Division. It was not long before the Ministry sent him on another posting - this time as the Chargé d'Affaires ad interim in the Embassy of Malaysia in Zagreb, Croatia. He returned three years later, in 2000, to become the Principal Assistant Secretary at the Division of South East Asia. The following year, <mask> was appointed as Deputy High Commissioner to Singapore. His first posting as Ambassador was to Bosnia Herzegovina, in 2004.When he returned to the Ministry in 2006, he was appointed as the Undersecretary of the Americas Division, before becoming Undersecretary of South East Asia Division in quick succession. In 2009, <mask> was again appointed Ambassador of Malaysia - this time to the Republic of Korea. His return from Korea in 2013 saw him heading the Bilateral Department, the second-highest post in the Malaysian foreign service. His services were needed

masks:
Datuk Seri Ramlan bin Ibrahim
Ramlan
Ramlan
Ramlan
Ramlan
Ramlan
Ramlan


title: Ramlan Ibrahim

texts:
 elsewhere however, and in April 2015, <mask> was appointed as Malaysia's Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York. Malaysia was at the time a member of the Security Council, thus <mask> was also Malaysia's Permanent Representative in the Council, the highest decision-making organ of the United Nations. Malaysia became President of the Security Council twice, in April 2015 and August 2016. As Ambassador, <mask> presided over those meetings, only relinquishing the responsibility when the Deputy Prime Minister or Foreign Minister was in New York for the session.At the UNSC
<mask>'s first task upon taking up the post in New York in April 2015 was to preside over the much-vaunted UN Security Council. In fact, <mask>'s arrival to New York as Permanent Representative of Malaysia to the United Nations coincided with Malaysia's first tenure as President of the Security Council, in April 2015. At the Security Council, <mask> was also Chair of the Security Council's Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict, and held open debates on the subject on 18 June 2015 and 2 August 2016. UN Resolution 2225 on 'children and armed conflict' was adopted with a unanimous vote during Malaysia's Chairmanship in 2015. In the closing days of the Malaysia's tenure at the UN Security Council in December 2016, a draft resolution on the issue of Palestine was circulated. The draft condemned the illegal Israeli settlement in the Occupied Territories, and was tabled by Egypt, on behalf of other co-sponsors. When Egypt found itself "under immense pressure", Malaysia stepped in to ensure that the draft resolution was not derailed.Other co-sponsors - Senegal, Venezuela, and New Zealand - remained steadfast and the draft resolution was finally put to a vote on 23 December 2016. In a historic decision not seen in nearly 36 years, the UN Security Council managed to adopt the resolution (now known as United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334 with a vote of 14 in

masks: Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan


title: Ramlan Ibrahim

texts:
 favour and one abstention (the United States). The adoption of Resolution 2334  is seen as a victory for Malaysia, and particularly for <mask>, who with the blessing of the Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak and Minister Anifah Aman, was able to canvas support for a non-veto resolution. As MFA Secretary General
<mask> was appointed as Secretary General of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on 1 January 2017 and received his letter of appointment from the Chief Secretary to the Government, Tan Sri Dr Ali Hamsa. Barely two months into his stewardship, Malaysia was plunged into a standoff with North Korea over the death of a North Korean citizen, rumored to be none other than Kim Jong-nam, the estranged brother of Kim Jong-il. <mask>'s skills a diplomat-negotiator, honed during Malaysia's tenure at the UN Security Council became invaluable and he was tasked with spearheading the negotiations to free the 11 Malaysians held captive by the Pyongyang regime. <mask> became the first top management officer at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Malaysia to establish his own Twitter account in line with his own vision of making the service more transparent and social media-friendly.He continues to remould the Ministry, introducing innovative advances to Malaysia's foreign service and encouraging ideas that will bring the Ministry into the digital age. Awards and honours
  :
  Commander of the Order of Meritorious Service (PJN) - Datuk (2017)
  :
  Knight Companion of the Order of Loyalty to the Royal House of Kedah (DSDK) - Dato' (2008)
  :
  Grand Knight of the Order of Sultan Ahmad Shah of Pahang (SSAP) - Dato' Sri (2017)
  :
  Commander of the Order of the Defender of State (DGPN) - Datuk Seri (2017)
  :
 Honorary Citizen of Seoul (2012)

References

1957 births
Webster University alumni
Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia)
Living people
Commanders of the Order of Meritorious Service
Ambassadors of Malaysia to Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ambassadors of Malaysia to

masks: Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan Ramlan


title: Dondon Hontiveros

texts:
Donaldo "<mask>" <mask> (born June 1, 1977) is a Filipino politician and former professional basketball player currently serving as the Vice Mayor of Cebu City. He is also an assistant coach for the Phoenix Super LPG Fuel Masters of the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA), though he is on leave from the team due to his vice mayoral duties. Early life, high school and collegiate career
Born in Cebu City, <mask> fancied basketball at a young age and tried to enter the sport at a competitive level in his first year of high school. But at that time, since he lacked the height, no one took notice of him. However, he had a growth spurt by the time he was in third year so he was taken into the high school basketball team of Don Bosco Technical College-Cebu. His first year with the varsity team was spent mostly on the bench. By the time he became a high school senior, he was already part of the team's rotation.At this point, he was already as tall as the team's center. His jump to college basketball suffered a minor setback when he ended his senior high school year with an injury. To keep himself competitive, he played in the intramural games at University of San Jose–Recoletos. He eventually played college basketball at the University of Cebu for three years. Professional career

Metropolitan Basketball Association
<mask> joined the Metropolitan Basketball Association in its maiden season in 1998 playing for the Cebu Gems. However, despite being a fan favorite among the Cebuano fans, his stint with the Gems was marred with chaos, as he requested to be released by the team because he wanted to finish his studies and the constant travelling to different provinces with the team prompted him to drop some of his subjects. Philippine Basketball Association
The Cebu Gems management tried to trade Hontiveros to different MBA teams.But <mask>' desire to play for the PBA eventually materialized as the Gems strike an agreement with Tanduay Rhum Masters, who acquired <mask> in exchange for cash. But after Tanduay franchise was

masks:
Dondon
Cabañes Hontiveros
Hontiveros
Hontiveros
Hontiveros
Hontiveros


title: Dondon Hontiveros

texts:
 sold to the Lina Group in 2002, San Miguel (his favorite team) acquired him through a trade. Soon, he found himself a vital cog in the team's offensive rotation as he was quickly promoted as a starter for the team. He was a member of the two championships won by San Miguel in 2004-2005 Fiesta Conference and the 2009 Fiesta Conference. In March 2011, he, along with Danny Seigle, Dorian Pena and Paul Artadi were shipped to Air21 for younger players Rabeh Al-Hussaini, Nonoy Baclao and Rey Guevarra. During his stint with the Express, he emerged as one of the key players  In 2011 draft-day, he was traded back to Petron (San Miguel) along with the No.3 pick which was used to draft Chris Lutz. Before the end of August 2012, he was involved in a six-player, four-team trade that sent him to Alaska.He was a vital addition off-the-bench for the Aces, and was a member of the 2013 championship team. He would often provide heroics when it mattered, as evidenced in the games he played during the 2014-15 Philippine Cup. He was the game's best player once during the elimination round against NLEX, and would provide his usual heroics in the playoffs, once against Rain or Shine and another during the Game 6 (a potential elimination game) against San Miguel in the Finals. On January 16, 2015, he surpassed fellow Cebuano gunner Al Solis for the No. 4 all time in three-point field goals with 1,002. ASEAN Basketball League
After finishing his contract with Alaska, <mask> was signed by ASEAN Basketball League (ABL) team Alab Pilipinas. It was after this stint that he retired from the game.He also donned the national colors for the Smart-Gilas Team Pilipinas in 2011 and helped Gilas Pilipinas defeat Japan in the semifinals of the 2015 FIBA Asia Championship in China. Political career
In the 2019 elections, <mask> won a seat in the Cebu City Council. Running under Barug PDP-Laban, he garnered the most votes in the 2nd district. He then became chairman of the council's Committee on Scholarship Program and Committee on Games and Amusement,

masks: Hontiveros Hontiveros


title: Dondon Hontiveros

texts:
 and vice-chairman of the Committee on Youth and Sports Development. He sponsored the resolution that amended the city's scholarship program to include high school dropouts pursuing vocational education. In September 2021, <mask> and colleague Phillip Zafra announced that they will seek reelection in 2022 as independent candidates; Barug PDP-Laban still endorses them as guest candidates. On October 31, the two councilors announced that they had changed their minds and would not leave Barug.However, the Commission on Elections still categorizes them as independents since they filed their certificates of candidacy (COC) as independents. On November 20, 2021, <mask>, as the first councilor of the Cebu City Council, succeeded to the vice mayorship of Cebu City, replacing Mike Rama, who ascended as mayor of Cebu City after the death of Edgardo Labella. Personal life
<mask> is a Christian, and has a son named Isaiah with singer and fellow Cebu native Gail Blanco. He speaks three languages - his native Cebuano, English and Tagalog. He is also a cousin to Philippine Senator Risa and CNN Philippines anchor Pia <mask>. He has also worn the following numbers during his career: the numbers 7 with Cebu Gems and San Miguel, the number 34 which was his first jersey number with Tanduay, and 24 with Air21, and 25 with Alaska Aces. References

1977 births
Living people
Alaska Aces (PBA) players
Barako Bull Energy players
Basketball players at the 2002 Asian Games
Basketball players from Cebu
Cebuano people
Filipino sportsperson-politicians
Philippine Basketball Association All-Stars
Philippine Basketball Association broadcasters
Philippines men's national basketball team players
Filipino men's basketball players
San Miguel Beermen players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Cebu City
San Miguel Alab Pilipinas players
Tanduay Rhum Masters players
Asian Games competitors for the Philippines
UC Webmasters men's basketball players
Filipino men's basketball coaches
Philippine Basketball Association coaches
Vice Mayors of Cebu

masks: Hontiveros Hontiveros Hontiveros Hontiveros


title: General D

texts:
<mask> is a rapper, Hip hop tuga and World music artist. Being the first rapper in Portugal to sign a major record deal, he is considered the Godfather Of Portuguese Hip Hop. Although largely influenced by big name U.S. rap acts such as Public Enemy, Ice Cube and Ice-T, his music carried a distinct African flavor incorporating many live tribal percussion instruments. He recorded two solo albums for EMI-Valentim de Carvalho and has also appeared as a guest on other artists' releases including; Ithaka, Cool Hipnoise, Água d'Amanhã and Pop Dell'Arte. Early life

<mask> (Sergio Matsinhe) was born in Maputo (then Lourenço Marques) the capital city of the Mozambique, (a former Portuguese colony), his family immigrated to Barreiro on the southern shore of the Tagus river near Lisbon, Portugal when he was two years old. As a youth he competed in Track and field events and set regional records for both the 100-meter dash and the 4 × 100 metres relay. Early career

In 1990, at the age of nineteen, <mask> was one of organizers of the very first rap festival in Portugal.The event was held at the Sociedade Filarmónica Incrível Almadense, in Almada. There he presented the rap group Black Company (of which he was one of the founding members) and also the project, Africa Power. He also performed with his first band along with co-members, singer Maimuna Jalles and the rapper, Lince. In 1991 he made his first studio recording as a guest vocalists and lyricist on the track "MC Holy" by the Portuguese new-wave band, Pop dell'Arte for their album, Ready-Made. It was through the TV program, Lentes de Contacto (produced by Latina Europa), where <mask> met composer/producer Tiago Lopes

masks:
General D
General D
General D
General D


title: General D

texts:
 who in 1993 invited him to record the track "Norte Sul" for the film, Até amanhã, Mário (See You Tomorrow Mario). This gained the attention of several Portuguese record labels and General D eventually signed a multiple-album deal with Valentim de Carvalho, a local sub-division of EMI Records. In 1994 he released the controversial EP "PortuKKKal É Um Erro" (Portugal is Error), lyrically shedding light on Portugal's previously hidden racism.The attention derived from this record frequently got <mask> invited to primetime television talk shows, to discuss the problems of African immigrants to Portugal, from the former Portuguese colonies

In 1995, he released his first full-length album "Pé na Tchôn, Karapinha Na Céu", recorded with a group live African musicians, known as Os Karapinhas. The first single was "Black Magic Woman" (featuring Sam). The song's well-produced video was a favorite on MTV Portugal at the time, leading to many opportunities for live performances. In 1997, <mask> released his second album "Kanimambo". It was produced by Joe Fossard and recorded at Regiestúdio in Lisbon and featured several guest performers including the legendary António Chainho on Portuguese Guitar for the song, "Hora Di Bai". Nuno Guerreiro contributed vocals on a politically oriented track entitled, "Xanana Gusmão". The percussionist, Netos <mask>'Gumbé performed on the song, "Respeito".Lyrics for the song, "Rappi Ta Doddo" were written by Brazilian superstar Gabriel O Pensador. And singer <mask> and Californian rapper/lyricist Ithaka appeared on the song, "Ekos do Passado". General <mask> toured extensively with this album nationally and also performed in Spain and

masks:
General D
General D
Do N
Marta Dias
D


title: General D

texts:
 France. Disappearance From Portugal
A few years later, General <mask> then spent several months in Jamaica preparing his third album with legendary reggae duo Sly and Robbie (as producers), but the disc was never released by EMI-Valentim de Carvalho and until this day has never been heard by the public. In the years that followed, General <mask> went missing. Rumors circulated on the rapper's whereabout, but were never confirmed until 2014. Reappearance And Career Comeback
After eventually being tracked down by acclaimed writer and culture journalist, Vitor Belanciano in London, General <mask> gave an exclusive interview to Belanciano for an issue of Ipsilon Magazine, a supplement of the Portuguese newspaper, Público.General <mask> confessed that he had seen hard times abroad mostly living in London, and at one point was even cleaning the streets in New York City. He appeared on the cover of that issue of the magazine, an exposure that brought about many reunions in the music industry. In 2015, a double-disc release featuring both of his studio albums, Pé na Tchôn, Karapinha Na Céu and Kanimambo were released by his original label EMI-Valentim de Carvalho. And <mask> finally returned to the stages that had defined his early career. On March 8, 2019, a large concert took place called "A História Do Hip-Hop Tuga" (The History of Portuguese Hip Hop) at the Altice Arena, part of the Parque das Nações complex, just outside of Lisbon (he site of the former Expo'98). The show, produced by Música no Coração, featured many of the founding fathers of hip hop in Portugal, many with their roots directly from Africa. Performers included; General D, Boss AC, Black Company,

masks:
D
D
D
D
General D


title: General D

texts:
 Chullage, NBC e Sir Scratch.Album Cover Art
The photographs on the covers, back covers and cd booklets of all General D's releases (and even the image for his 2014 cover issue of Ipsilon Magazine) were made by his personal friend, the; recording artist, sculptor and hip hop photographer Ithaka <mask> Pappas, a Californian who had lived in Lisbon during the formation period of Hip hop tuga. Before moving to Portugal in 1992, Ithaka had previously been working in Los Angeles with artists such as Eazy E, N.W.A. and Ice Cube for Priority Records. Albums
1995 General D & Os Karapinhas - "Pé Na Tchôn, Karapinha Na Céu" - Label: EMI-Valentim de Carvalho
1997 General D "Kanimambo" - Label: EMI-Valentim de Carvalho
2015 [Re-Release] Kanimambo and Pé Na Tchôn, Karapinha Na Céu" (Double-Album Special Edition)

Singles
1994 General D "PortukKKKal" - Label: EMI-Valentim de Carvalho
1996 General D (feat. Sam) "Black Magik Woman" - Label: EMI-Valentim de Carvalho
1997 General D "Rappi Ta Doddo" - Label: EMI-Valentim de Carvalho
1997 General D "Estado De Sítio (O Ke É Ke Se Passa)" Label: EMI-Valentim de Carvalho

Guest appearances On Other Artists' Songs
1992 "MC Holy" Pop Dell'Arte feat. General D - Album: Ready-Made /Label: Variodisc
1995 "Soldadinho" Cool Hipnoise feat. General D - Album: Nascer Do Soul / Label: Nortesul
1995 "Erase the Slate Of Hate" Ithaka feat.General D - Album: Flowers And The Color Of Paint - Label: Fábrica De Sons
1998 "Regadinho" Água d'Amanhã feat. General D

External links
Discogs
Instagram
Facebook

References

Living people
21st-century Portuguese male singers
Singers from Lisbon
Portuguese hip hop musicians
1971 births
20th-century Portuguese


title: Count Campau

texts:
Charles Columbus "<mask>" <mask> (October 17, 1863 – April 3, 1938) was an American professional baseball outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1888 through 1894 for the Detroit Wolverines, St. Louis Browns, and Washington Senators. He was the American Association's home run leader in 1890 and was also the Browns' manager for 41 games that season. <mask> was also a player and sometimes a manager in minor league baseball for 19 years, including stints with the New Orleans Pelicans (1887, 1892–94, 1903), Kansas City Blues (1888, 1896, 1898), Detroit Tigers/Detroit Wolverines (1889–90, 1894–95), Seattle Yannigans/Rainmakers (1896), Grand Rapids Bob-o-links (1897), Rochester Bronchos (1899–1900), and Binghamton Bingoes (1901, 1903–05). Although minor league records from the 1880s and 1890s are incomplete, <mask> is known to have tallied at least 2,115 hits, 1,305 runs, 597 stolen bases, 157 triples, and 125 home runs in his minor league career. Early years
<mask> was born in Detroit in 1863. He was a descendant of the French-Canadian <mask> family that was among the founders of the City of Detroit.Like other members of his family, <mask> was educated at Notre Dame (in the 19th century, Notre Dame included primary as well as college education). <mask> stated that he first played baseball while attending Notre Dame in 1875, at which time he would have been 11 years old. After leaving Notre Dame, <mask> helped Detroit's Cass Club team win several Michigan championships. Professional baseball career

Power and speed
<mask>'s success as a baseball player is largely attributed to two talents: power and speed. He is probably most referenced in baseball's record books

masks:
Count
Campau
Campau
Campau
Charles Columbus Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau


title: Count Campau

texts: for having won the American Association's home run championship in 1890. Although minor records from the 1880s and 1890s are incomplete, he hit at least 135 home runs in his professional baseball career, including a high of 20 home runs in 1894. This he accomplished during a deadball era before the home run became a major offensive weapon in baseball.His power was surprising, too, given his slight build at 5 feet, 11 inches, and 160 pounds. In its obituary of <mask>, the 1939 Spalding Guide wrote that, despite his slight build, Campau "seemed to get extraordinary power from his wrists and arms". Although less well reported, <mask> also played the game with exceptional speed. While records were not kept for stolen bases during some of his minor league seasons, <mask> is known to have stolen at least 660 bases during his career, including 100 stolen bases in 1887. According to at least one account, <mask> and two other players held the world record for the fastest time, 14 seconds, in rounding the bases on a baseball diamond. In 1891, Campau began competing for money in foot races against other players and never lost a race. In a race against Tom Messitt, Campau won with a time of 11 seconds.The best evidence of <mask>'s speed and base-running intelligence may lie in a 1906 historical account by sportswriter Revere Rodgers. In an article on remarkable incidents in baseball history, Rodgers wrote that Campau once scored a home run on an infield pop-up. According to Rodgers, Campau hit a high pop fly about  in front of home plate. The pitcher and catcher converged on the ball, but in what was described by Rodgers as "an Alphonse and Gaston act", no one took control. Campau saw

masks: Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau


title: Count Campau

texts:
 their confusion and rounded first base. The ball fell between them, took a "sudden twist", and rolled into foul territory. Campau kept running and crossed home plate one foot ahead of the player with the ball.Early years in the minors
<mask> began his professional baseball career with the Erie, Pennsylvania team in the Interstate League. <mask> later recalled that he had caught "western fever" and planned to travel west, but he remained in Detroit until Al Buckenberger, a prominent Detroit baseball man, secured a post as the manager in Erie and advised <mask> to head east with him. <mask> joined Buckenberger in Erie for the 1884 season and helped lead Erie to the Interstate League pennant. In 1885, Buckenberger was hired as the manager of an independent baseball team in Guelph, Ontario, and <mask> followed him there. The following year, <mask> played for a team in London, Ontario that won the Canadian championship in 1886. Savannah and New Orleans
In 1887, <mask> signed with Charlie Morton, who had managed the Detroit Wolverines in 1885 and was in 1887 the manager of the Savannah, Georgia team in the Southern League. <mask> joined Morton in Savannah, but the team disbanded in June 1887.Before the collapse, <mask> appeared in 29 games for Savannah and compiled a .379 batting average with five doubles, six triples, three home runs, and 17 stolen bases. After the Savannah team collapsed, <mask> joined the New Orleans Pelicans mid-season. In 84 games with New Orleans in the second half of the 1887 season, <mask> compiled a .398 batting average and .626 slugging percentage with 19 doubles, 12 triples, 14 home runs and 83 stolen bases. Combining his season totals from Savannah and

masks: Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau


title: Count Campau

texts:
 New Orleans, <mask> stole 100 bases and had 59 extra base hits (17 of them home runs). With <mask>'s help, New Orleans won the Southern Association pennant. <mask>'s best game in New Orleans was on June 7, 1887, when he hit three home runs in one game. He later recalled his favorable treatment by the fans in New Orleans

I will say that my luck commenced from this city.I was kindly treated by the people. I had the pleasant experience of having $90 thrown to me from the grand stand for making three home runs. Detroit Wolverines
After his outstanding performance in Savannah and New Orleans, <mask> had an opportunity to sign with Philadelphia, but he later recalled that he did not think he was "strong enough" and accepted an offer from Jim Manning, manager of the Kansas City team in the Class A Western Association. <mask> appeared in 42 games for Kansas City, compiling a .227 batting average but showed great speed with seven triples and 17 stolen bases. Kansas City released <mask> in June 1888, and he then signed with the Detroit Wolverines, a team that had won the National League pennant in 1887 but had lost its star right fielder, Sam Thompson, to injury. <mask> made his major league debut on July 7, 1888, and appeared in 70 games in the outfield for Detroit. <mask> proved to be a capable defensive replacement, compiling a .933 fielding percentage (16 points higher that the National League average) and contributing 10 outfield assists and 3 double plays.At the plate, <mask>'s major league debut was less auspicious as he compiled a .203 batting average. His speed continued to help his cause, as he stole 27 bases and had three triples and a home run. His 27 stolen bases led the

masks: Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau


title: Count Campau

texts:
 team, and he was the recipient of a prize from a local business as the team's leading base-runner. <mask> later expressed his gratitude to Detroit first baseman Dan Brouthers who he recalled was "like a father to me" in <mask>'s first major league season. At the end of the 1888 season, the Detroit Wolverines left the National League, and most of the players were sold to other clubs. A new Detroit Wolverines team was formed for the 1889 as part of the International League. <mask> joined the new Detroit club, appeared in 111 games in left field and stole 69 bases.The 1889 Detroit club was, according to Campau, "one of the greatest minor league teams gathered" and "won the flag so easy that fans stopped going out to see the games." <mask> began the 1890 season in Detroit. He appeared in 39 games, primarily in right field, and compiled a .310 batting average with three home runs. St. Louis Browns

After beginning the 1890 season with Detroit, <mask> returned to the major leagues with the St. Louis Browns of the American Association. He appeared in 75 games for the Browns, all but one in the outfield. <mask> led the league with nine home runs and was among the league leaders with a .513 slugging percentage (2nd), .322 batting average (9th), 12 triples (8th), and 75 RBIs (9th). He also stole 36 bases, contributing to his having the best sabermetric power-speed number in the league.During the month of July, <mask> established a major league record (still intact) with 15 consecutive multi-hit games. In July 1890, <mask> was named player-manager. In late July, team owner Chris von der Ahe praised Campau as "the best captain I have ever had", "a general on the field and a gentleman

masks: Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau Campau


title: Count Campau

texts:
 off of it." Camapu compiled a 27-14 record as the team's manager but was stripped of the title in late August. According to an account published at the time in the Sporting Life, <mask> took seriously his responsibility to look after the players while they were off the field. He stayed up late, watching over the club, and fined several players heavily for violations of the rules. The fines caused dissent, and ultimately <mask>'s "resignation was asked for, more to make peace in the family than anything else."At least one baseball writer perceived the unfairness of von der Ahe's removing Campau for enforcing rules established by von der AheThere is gratitude for you. Von der Ahe tells his manager to do certain things and because he does it he is humiliated by being removed and a more 'agreeable' man put in his place. I know <mask>, and a bigger-hearted or more honorable man never lived. Shortly after being removed as manager, Campau hit an inside-the-park grand slam against the first-place Louisville Colonels that prompted a tremendous show of support from the St. Louis crowd. When Campau stepped to the plate a fan called out for a home run, and Campau smiled and complied. A fan threw a cigar to Campau, and "then the fun commenced." The crowd of 13,000 showed their appreciation as it "rained cigars steadily for ten minutes.Long ones, short ones, thin ones, thick ones, good ones and bad ones were all mixed up on the grass together." <mask> joked that he would pack them away and start a store of his own. After the season ended, St. Louis team owner von der Ahe released Campau in an attempt to cut costs, leading the Sporting Life to write

The St. Louis Club has released that

masks:
Campau
Campau
Charley Campau
Campau


title: Count Campau

texts:
 excellent player, <mask>, to reduce expenses. Von der Ahe can't reach first place now, and is cutting off his highest salaried men. With Fuller, McCarthy and others missing next year, he'll regret letting such a man as Campau go. Three weeks later, <mask> announced that he had secured a job as a brakeman with the Michigan Central Railroad. Return to the minors
<mask> returned to the minor leagues in 1891.He spent the season as player/manager of the Troy Trojans in the Eastern Association. In 122 games for Troy, <mask> hit .236 with 18 doubles, 10 triples, three home runs and 45 stolen bases. Although he had already shown great speed (100 stolen bases in 1887), <mask> wrote that it was while playing at Troy that he "developed as a fast runner", often competing in foot races against other players. <mask> recalled that he won all his races and backed himself in bets on the races. In 1892, he signed with Gus Schmelz to play for the Columbus Reds and won the Western League championship. In 46 games for Columbus, he hit .262 with eight doubles, seven triples, two home runs and 35 RBIs. In November 1892, <mask> entered the fray in the debate over moving the pitcher's box.<mask> sided with those advocating moving the pitcher back by five feet. <mask> argued that batting averages had suffered and that moving the pitcher back would "electrify" the crowds and "enliven" the game with more hitting. <mask>'s side prevailed, and the pitcher's box was moved back for the 1893 season. In 1893, <mask> was back in New Orleans with the Pelicans. In 96 games, he hit .337 and scored 98 runs. In 1894, <mask> returned to his hometown of Detroit, this time playing for the Detroit Tigers in the

masks:
Count Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau
Campau


title: Count Campau

texts:
 Western League. He also appeared in two games in the major leagues in July 1894 season for the Washington Senators, but spent most of the 1894 season with the Detroit club.He remained in Detroit for two seasons and had one of the best seasons of his career in 1895. That year, he hit .359, scored 115 runs and had 40 doubles, seven triples, 13 home runs and 44 stolen bases. In 1896, <mask> moved to the west coast as the player/manager of the Seattle Yannigans/Rainmakers in the New Pacific League. In 32 games at Seattle, <mask> had career highs in batting average (.403) and slugging percentage (.887) with 55 runs, 13 home runs and 19 stolen bases. The league folded before the season ended, and <mask> was the league leader in slugging percentage, runs and home runs. <mask> returned in 1897 to the Western League with the Grand Rapids Bob-o-links. He batted .303 in 130 games, scored 109 runs, and had 26 doubles, 10 triples, 12 home runs and 25 stolen bases.In 1898, <mask> was reunited with Gus Schmelz, who was then managing the Minneapolis Millers. He was released by Minneapolis in June and immediately signed with Charles Comiskey, owner of the St. Paul Apostles. He played only two months at St. Paul before he was released and then signed by the Kansas City Blues. Kansas City won the Western League championship that year. <mask>'s fielding error in the second game of the three-game championship series nearly cost Kansas City the championship. <mask> later recalled that the costly error occurred when the sun was directly in his eyes in right field, and he had not even seen the ball until it was past him. Rochester and Binghamton
In 1899, <mask> was reunited with his first manager,


title: Count Campau

texts:
 Al Buckenberger.Buckenberger had taken over as manager of the Rochester Bronchos and persuaded <mask> to play for him. <mask> played the 1899 and 1900 seasons in Rochester, appearing in 243 games, scoring 164 runs and stealing 61 bases. In 1901, <mask> became a player/manager for the Binghamton, New York team in the New York State League. In 1902, he led Binghamton to a disputed pennant. At the end of the season, Binghamton was ahead in a tight pennant race, but the Albany team played and won an extra, unscheduled game and thereupon claimed it had won the pennant. With the exception of 64 games with the New Orleans club in 1903, <mask> spent the rest of his career at Binghamton, finally retiring after the 1905 season. His brief excursion to New Orleans in 1903, however, resulted in a lawsuit by the Binghamton team seeking to enjoin him from playing for the Pelicans.He was lured to sign with New Orleans with a promise of part ownership of the club. The Binghamton team alleged that, although there was not a signed contract, it had personal letters from <mask> agreeing to manage the team in 1903. In the end, <mask> played nine games for New Orleans in 1903 and returned to Binghamton for the 1904 and 1905 seasons. Umpire

In December 1905, after his playing career ended, <mask> signed to become an umpire in the Eastern League. He was released by the Eastern League and hired by the Southern League. In August 1906, he was attacked by "an angry army of fans" during a game in Memphis, Tennessee. Three fans were arrested, but then released "when no one appeared to prosecute them".<mask> initially announced he would be tendering his resignation shortly after his escape, but