title: Scott Rudin

texts:
 pictures including The First Wives Club, The Addams Family, Clueless, Sabrina, and Sleepy Hollow. After the resignation of Paramount's chairwoman Sherry Lansing in 2004 and nearly simultaneous departure of Jonathan Dolgen (then president of the company), Rudin left the studio and set a five-year first-look pact with Disney that allowed him to make movies under their labels Touchstone Pictures, Walt Disney Pictures, Hollywood Pictures, and Miramax Films, whose founders Harvey and Bob Weinstein had departed. Previously, Harvey Weinstein and Rudin had public confrontations during the production of The Hours (2002), which Rudin produced for Miramax Films after it became a studio subsidiary under Disney. <mask> later said he and Weinstein "are both control freaks. We both want to run our own shows. When I'm doing a Miramax movie, I work for him.And I don't like that feeling. I chafe under that. I especially chafe under it when I feel that I'm on a leash." His projects in the 2010s have included lower-budget, independent films. In 2017 and 2018, Rudin and studio A24 released three films about adolescence by first-time writer/directors: Greta Gerwig's Lady Bird, Bo Burnham's Eighth Grade, and Jonah Hill's Mid90s. In 2015, he signed a television production deal with Fox. Theater producer
Typically producing between two and five productions per year, Rudin is one of Broadway's most prolific commercial producers.His first Broadway play, David Henry Hwang's Face Value in 1993, was produced alongside Stuart Ostrow and Jujamcyn Theaters, and it closed after eight preview performances. He started a deal with Jujamcyn to


title: Scott Rudin

type: original

texts: develop and produce new plays for the theater chain. In 1994, <mask> won the Best Musical Tony Award for his production of Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine's Passion. The following year, he co-produced Kathleen Turner's Broadway comeback, Indiscretions, and Ralph Fiennes' New York stage debut in Hamlet. In 1996, Rudin produced the revival of the Stephen Sondheim and Larry Gelbart musical A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, for which Nathan Lane won his first Tony Award. His subsequent productions and co-productions have included Skylight, The Goat or Who Is Sylvia?, Seven Guitars, The Ride Down Mt. Morgan, Copenhagen, Deuce, The History Boys, Beckett/Albee, Closer, The Blue Room, Doubt, Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, The Year of Magical Thinking, A Behanding in Spokane, God of Carnage, The House of Blue Leaves, and Exit the King.In 2010, <mask> and Carole Shorenstein Hays produced the first Broadway revival of August Wilson's Pulitzer Prize-winning play Fences, directed by Kenny Leon and starring Denzel Washington and Viola Davis. Fences garnered ten Tony Award nominations and three wins, including Best Revival of a Play, Best Actor for Washington, and Best Actress for Davis. He would later produce the 2016 film adaptation of Fences. The following year, <mask> was a producer for the Broadway musical The Book of Mormon, which opened in March 2011 at the Eugene O'Neill Theatre. The show won nine Tony Awards including Best Musical and the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theatre Album. The production has played more than 3,740 Broadway performances as of March 15, 2020. The show has also played in

masks: Rudin Rudin Rudin


title: Scott Rudin

texts:
 of the play, and while he's going along, he has a kind of running argument with Calpurnia, the housekeeper, which is a much bigger role in the play I just wrote. He is in denial about his neighbors and his friends and the world around him, that it is as racist as it is, that a Maycomb County jury could possibly put Tom Robinson in jail when it's so obvious what happened here. He becomes an apologist for these people." The following month, producer <mask> countersued for breach of contract. The legal dispute was settled by May 2018. Prior to the run of Sorkin's adaptation, another version of the play by Christopher Sergel had been available for license for over 50 years.Since the opening of Sorkin's adaptation, lawyers acting for Atticus Limited Liability Company (the company formed by Rudin for the Broadway production of To Kill a Mockingbird) claimed worldwide exclusivity for professional stage rights to any adaptation of Lee's book. The company has moved aggressively to shut down all other productions of To Kill a Mockingbird staged within 25 miles of any city ALLC determines to be a major metropolitan center that might eventually host the Sorkin adaptation – even though the companies had been legally granted rights by Dramatic Publishing Co. to produce the Sergel adaptation. One of the amateur companies, The Grand Theatre, estimated that the cancellation of Mockingbird would cost the theatre some $20,000. In the week that the New York Times story ran, it was revealed that Rudin had recently purchased a $15 million New York City home from former Vanity Fair editor Graydon Carter. Media scrutiny
Rudin has


title: Scott Rudin

texts: drawn attention for his choice to withdraw from at least two major Broadway productions. He left the Pulitzer Prize-winning play Clybourne Park in February 2012 ahead of an April opening, due to a feud with writer Bruce Norris that was unrelated to the play. At the time, the New York Post's Michael Riedel said, "And like Merrick, he does not suffer fools, especially ones who go back on their word."Jujamcyn Theaters president Jordan Roth ultimately produced Clybourne Park, and it won the 2012 Tony Award for Best Play. In 2015, it was announced that Rudin would produce Groundhog Day, a musical adaptation of the film Groundhog Day, originally starring Bill Murray. Tim Minchin, who penned the award-winning adaptation of Roald Dahl's Matilda The Musical, wrote the music and lyrics, and screenwriter Danny Rubin wrote the book. Rudin withdrew from the production in June 2016, citing creative differences with the production team. Groundhog Day opened on Broadway in 2017 and was a financial failure, closing after just five months. In 2013, after New York Times theatre reporter Patrick Healy published an interview with Colm Toibin, the author of Rudin's financially unsuccessful The Testament of Mary, Rudin ran an advertisement in the Times, saying: "Let's give a big cuddly shout-out to Pat Healy, infant provocateur and amateur journalist at The New York Times. Keep it up, Pat -- one day perhaps you'll learn something about how Broadway works, and maybe even understand it."In 2016, in a throwback to an earlier practice on Broadway, <mask> demanded that all critics attend the opening night performance of his production


title: Scott Rudin

texts:
 of The Front Page, which starred Nathan Lane, John Slattery, John Goodman, Holland Taylor, and Robert Morse. (Typically, critics are invited to several performances prior to opening night, giving them ample time to file reviews.) In a public dispute, The Hollywood Reporter critic David Rooney, who had a conflict on the date of the opening, balked at the change, adding, "You know nobody works at that pace anymore, right?" <mask> shot back, "Critics reviewed shows on Broadway this way for 100 years. You can do it for one night. Get over it." Rooney's rave review eventually ran two days later than other New York critics, on October 23.Sony Pictures email leak

On December 9, 2014, a major illegal breach of Sony's computer systems by "Guardians of Peace" hackers using Shamoon malware led to disclosure of many gigabytes of stolen information, including internal company documents. In subsequent news coverage SPE Co-Chair Amy Pascal and <mask>n were noted to have had an email exchange about Pascal's upcoming encounter with President Barack Obama that included characterizations described as racist. Both he and Pascal later apologized. The two had suggested they should mention films about African-Americans upon meeting the president, such as Django Unchained, 12 Years a Slave, The Butler, and Amistad which all discuss slavery in the United States or the pre-civil rights era. In the email thread, Rudin added, "I bet he likes Kevin Hart." Rudin later said that the e-mails were "private emails between friends and colleagues written in haste and without much thought or sensitivity." He added that he was "profoundly and

masks:
Rudin
Scott Rudi


title: Scott Rudin

texts:
 deeply sorry".Allegations of abusive behavior
Rudin is widely considered to be one of the most abusive bosses in the entertainment industry. He has been called "Hollywood's biggest a-hole" (the New York Posts "Page Six"), "the most feared man in town" (The Hollywood Reporter), and notoriously hot-tempered. Rudin acknowledged having "a temper" in a 2008 interview, but said he has "grown up". On April 7, 2021, Rudin was accused, by numerous employees speaking to The Hollywood Reporter, of demonstrating a long-standing pattern of abusive behavior towards his employees, including physical abuse, such as throwing objects at his assistants, and in one instance breaking an assistant's hand with a computer monitor. In that article, he was also accused of having victims sign non-disparagement agreements and having the victims' film credits increased or retroactively decreased after quitting. On April 14, 2021, Karen Olivo announced that they would not return to Moulin Rouge! once it reopens in protest of the industry's silence on the allegations against Rudin.In an Instagram video, Olivo stated, "I want a theatre industry that matches my integrity." As a result of the allegations, Sutton Foster, who was slated to star alongside Hugh Jackman in <mask>'s upcoming Broadway production of The Music Man, reportedly vowed to leave the show if Rudin did not "take a seat". On April 17, 2021, the Actors' Equity Association called on Rudin to release employees from any ongoing nondisclosure agreements and for actions from employers, in order to create "truly safe and harassment-free theatrical workplaces on Broadway and


title: Scott Rudin

texts:
 beyond." Members of the union have pushed for Rudin to be added to a Do Not Work list. On April 17, Rudin released a statement apologizing for "the pain my behavior caused to individuals, directly and indirectly" and said he would "step back" from active work on his Broadway productions. On April 20, he announced he would do the same for his "film and streaming" projects. On August 13, it was reported that Rudin was no longer an executive producer for the upcoming third season of the What We Do in the Shadows.This was confirmed when the first episode premiered and his name was not listed in the credits. In a September 2021 interview with Vanity Fair, Aaron Sorkin was asked about Rudin being fired from To Kill a Mockingbird, after an 18-month hiatus due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and he simply said, "I think <mask> got what he deserves." Accolades

In 2008, two of <mask>'s productions—the Coen brothers' No Country for Old Men, which were adapted from the Cormac McCarthy book of the same name, and Paul Thomas Anderson's There Will Be Blood, which was adapted from the Upton Sinclair novel, Oil!—were nominated for eight Oscars apiece at the 2008 Academy Awards, including a Best Picture nod for each. The two films shared the distinction of being the most nominated movies at that year's Oscar ceremony. Ultimately, No Country for Old Men won the Best Picture prize, with Rudin accepting the award on stage. Rudin earned Primetime Emmy award nominations for Little Gloria... Happy at Last and School of Rock, and won both Primetime and Daytime Emmys for He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'.He won a Grammy award for The Book of

masks: Scott Rudin


title: Scott Rudin

texts:
 Mormon. At the 2011 Producers Guild of America (PGA) Awards, <mask> became the only person ever to be nominated twice in one year. He was nominated (along with Dana Brunetti, Ceán Chaffin and Michael De Luca) for producing the Facebook biographical film The Social Network and was also nominated (along with Joel and Ethan Coen) for their remake of the classic western True Grit (2010). That same year, the PGA also awarded Rudin the David O. Selznick Achievement Award in Motion Pictures which recognizes an individual's outstanding body of work in the field of motion picture production. Personal life
Rudin is married to John Barlow, who previously owned the Broadway communications firm Barlow-Hartman Public Relations. In 2019, Rudin and Barlow purchased a three-story Greek Revival-style home in New York's West Village neighborhood. Filmography
Rudin was a producer in all films unless otherwise noted.(2018)
 22 July (2018)
 Mid90s (2018)
 The Girl in the Spider's Web (2018)
 Uncut Gems (2019)
The Woman in the Window (2021)

Executive producer

 Flatliners (1990)
 Sister Act (1992)
 Jennifer 8 (1992)
 I.Q. (1994)
 South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (1999)
 Closer (2004)
 Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events (2004)
 Wild Tigers I Have Known (2006)
 Reprise (2006)
 Venus (2006)
 The Queen (2006)
 There Will Be Blood (2007)
 The Other Boleyn Girl (2008)
 Julie & Julia (2009)
 The Way Back (2010)
 Moneyball (2011)
 Inherent Vice (2014)
 Ex Machina (2014)
 First Cow (2019)

As casting director

As an actor

Other acknowledgement in credits

Television

Miscellaneous crew

As casting


title: Anton Loginov

texts:
<mask> (, born <mask>, Михаил Осипович Логинов; 31 January 1882 – 21 February 1963) was a Russian Bolshevik Revolutionary, Communist Party member, journalist, writer, Soviet publicist, and propagandist of atheism. Life
<mask> was a member of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party starting in 1902 and had the party nickname "<mask>". He was also a member of the Tiflis City Party Committee and the Soviet of Soldiers' Deputies starting in 1918. From 1902 to 1912 he led illegal party work in Moscow and participated in many revolutions such as the First Russian revolution in Moscow and the October Revolution of 1917 in Tiflis. <mask> was a born speaker and a witty polemist. Lenin learned of his ability to speak with the masses in a simple and understandable language, to attract interesting material and witty answers to questions. He advised <mask> to engage in anti-religious propaganda.From the beginning of the 1920s <mask> devoted himself entirely to atheistic work, and trained qualified personnel in the anti-religious campaign. The Moscow Party had appointed <mask> to Kostelovskaia's place on the Anti-religious Commission in March 1925, and by 1926 he was a leading League official. He was a member of the bureau of the district party committee, a member of the MK RCP (b), chairman of the Moscow and Central Soviet of Atheists, deputy People's Commissar of Communications, and editor of the newspaper and magazine "Bezbozhnik". In the 1920s <mask> participated in disputes with

masks:
Anton Loginov
Mikhail Osipovich Loginov
Loginov
Anton
Loginov
Loginov
Loginov
Loginov
Loginov


title: Anton Loginov

texts:
 representatives of the clergy. He focused on exposing the counter-revolutionary activity of churchmen, the antiscientific and reactionary essence of religion, and the class implications of religious morality. <mask> was the author of many articles and brochures on atheism and on religion. His book was published under the name "<mask>".Typical of a pamphlet aimed at the countryside was <mask>'s "The Godless: the Best Friend of the Peasant" (1925). "We do not want to take religion away from you", explained Loginov, "we just want you to give it up. "And what do you replace it with? ", he has the peasant ask (quite realistically). His answer: “Evil does not have to be replaced, but simply rooted out. That is our program". <mask> died in Moscow, and is buried in Novodevichy Cemetery.Work
 Логинов, Антон. Чего ищут польские паны у русского мужика в кармане? : (загадка мужику, чтобы был он на-чеку) / Антон Логинов ; Российская коммунистическая партия (большевиков). - Москва : Агитационно-пропагандистский отдел Московского губкома Р.К.П., 1920. - 15 с.;
 Коммунизм и религия : Сборник материалов по антирелигиозной пропаганде. - Казань : Отд. политупр.Приволж. воен. окр., 1921. - 24 с.; 25 см. - (Библиотечка политработника; № 2). Стр. 11-24: "Религия и коммунизм.(Материалы для агитаторов). Антон Логинов"
 Логинов, Антон. Наука и библия / Антон Логинов ; Моск. ком. Р.К.П. - Москва : [Московский рабочий], 1922. - 38 с.;
 Логинов, Антон.Религия и нравственность : Учит ли добру

masks:
Loginov
Anton Loginov
Anton Loginov
Loginov


title: Anton Loginov

texts:
 революции" Мосполиграф). [Ч. 1-2]. - 1929. - 158, [2] с. : ил. ;
 Логинов, Антон. Жития святых / Антон Логинов ; Рис.М. Черемных. - Москва : Госиздат РСФСР "Московский рабочий", 1930 (14 тип."Мосполиграф"). - 174, [2] с. : ил. Логинов, Антон.Василий Григорьевич Шумкин  / Ант. Логинов. - Москва : Старый большевик, 1932. - 96 с.; 15 см.- (Большевики подпольщики). Логинов, Антон. Легенда о христе / Антон Логинов ; Центр. совет Союза воинств. безбожников СССР. - 2-е изд., испр. - [Москва] : Гаиз, 1933 (тип."Образцовая"). - Обл., 94, [2] с.;
 Логинов, Антон. Сектантская контрреволюция перед пролетарским судом : Объясн. брошюра к серии киноплен. диапозитивов № 49 / Логинов ; Под общ. ред. ЦС Союза воинств.безбожников ; Ф-ка киноплен. диапозитивов треста "Техфильм" Союзкино. - Москва : [б. и. ], 1933. - Обл., 15 с., без т. л., 1 с. объявл.;
 Bibel und wissenschaft / Von <mask> ; Deutsch bearbeitet von Leo Sarne. - Moskau : Zentralverlag der volker der Sowjetunion, 1927 (книжная фабрика Центр. изд-ва народов СССР). - 55 с.;

References

Notes
Atheistic Dictionary / Логинов Михаил Осипович
«Православие : Словарь атеиста» / [Беленкин И. Ф. и др.]. / Под общей редакцией доктора философских наук  Н. С. Гордиенко/  - М. : Политиздат, 1988. - 270,[2] с.; 17 см. ;  / С.123

1882 births
1963 deaths
20th-century Russian writers
20th-century historians
Christ myth theory proponents
Historians of Christianity
Soviet atheists
Soviet historians
Russian atheism activists
Russian historians of


title: Mike Sanford Sr.

texts:
<mask> (born April 20, 1955) is an American high school football coach and former player. He served as the head football coach at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) from 2005 to 2009 and at Indiana State University from 2013 to 2016. He is a graduate of the University of Southern California (USC), where he played quarterback for the Trojans from 1973 through 1976. He is the father of former Western Kentucky head coach and current Colorado offensive coordinator, <mask>.

Head coaching career

UNLV
On December 6, 2004, UNLV hired <mask> as the school's ninth head coach, taking over for the legendary John Robinson who went 2–9 his final year. <mask> inherited a program in decline. Some had blamed the program's problems on an inability to keep local talent at home. It was hoped that <mask> would reverse the fortunes of the long-suffering program with this new policy.His first two years at the helm produced just four total wins, on par with John Robinson's final season total. <mask>'s Rebels achieved one of biggest victories in UNLV football history, a 23–20 overtime win at 15th-ranked Arizona State on September 13, 2008. <mask> said it was the biggest win of his coaching career. At the end of the 2009 season, UNLV announced it had fired <mask>. He left the Rebels after five seasons with an overall mark of 16–43. Indiana State
On December 14, 2012, Indiana State hired <mask> as the school's twenty-fourth head coach, taking over for Trent Miles who went 7–4 his final year. The ensuing regime change for the Sycamores led to a season fraught with a struggle to adjust to the system implemented by <mask> and his new staff, multiple injuries to several key starters, and many off-field issues which led to Indiana State losing all but one game that season (a 70-7 victory over Quincy).Despite finishing the 2013 season with a disappointing 1-11 record, <mask>'s Sycamores were more competitive than the overall record might indicate, with close losses to Purdue, Tennessee Tech, Youngstown

masks:
Michael Charles Sanford
Mike Sanford Jr
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford


title: Mike Sanford Sr.

texts: State, South Dakota, and Western Illinois. The 2014 season, however, showed a marked improvement by Indiana State in their second year under <mask>. After suffering an early defeat at the hands of Big Ten member Indiana University; the Sycamores followed a dominant performance against Tennessee Tech by completing an upset victory over the Division I FBS and historic rival Ball State Cardinals to reclaim the Victory Bell for the first time since 1987. <mask>'s leadership led to not only a record-setting senior season by quarterback <mask>, but a regular season record of 7-5 (4-4 in MVFC); as well as maintaining a Top 25 ranking since Week 4 (27 September). The Sycamores were 5-3 against ranked FCS teams and won their opening round NCAA playoffs game before falling to Chattanooga in the second round of the playoffs. The season concluded with an 8-6 record, the best for Indiana State in thirty years. Indiana State took a step back in 2015 despite entering the season with high expectations following the successful 2014 campaign.Following the graduation of starting quarterback <mask>, <mask> opted to start redshirt sophomore Matt Adam at quarterback. This ultimately forced ISU to alter the successful offensive game plan from the previous season and install a more rush-oriented offense tailored to Adam's skill set. Despite starting the season 4-2, the Sycamores suffered several devastating injuries that wore away at both the depth and consistency and led to ISU falling to North Dakota State, Illinois State, Northern Iowa, and Western Illinois in consecutive games. The Sycamores concluded their season with a 27-24 victory over Youngstown State to finish 5-6. The 2016 season witnessed another disappointing regression. Starting quarterback Matt Adam was ruled academically ineligible to play and led to a competition that consisted of three inexperienced quarterbacks, which ultimately was won by Isaac Harker. Sparked by a potent passing game, the Sycamores started the season with a 3-1

masks:
Sanford
Sanford
Mike Perish
Mike Perish
Sanford


title: Mike Sanford Sr.

texts:
 record but ultimately faltered (blowing several leads) and lost six of their last seven games.Despite the poor 4-7 record the Sycamores notched their first victory over rival Illinois State for the first time in six years. <mask> resigned as head coach of Indiana State December 16, 2016 citing a "special opportunity" following the appointment of his son, <mask> Jr., as head coach of Western Kentucky. <mask> was 18-30 after four years at ISU. Assistant coaching career
<mask> began his coaching career as a graduate assistant at USC in 1977. Since then, he has served as an assistant coach for numerous teams in the collegiate and professional ranks, including San Diego City College, the United States Military Academy, Virginia Military Institute, Long Beach State, Purdue, USC, Notre Dame, the San Diego Chargers and Stanford. In 2003 Urban Meyer hired <mask> as his offensive coordinator at Utah. That year, the Utes won the Mountain West Conference Championship and won the Liberty Bowl.The next year, the Utes repeated as conference champs and finished the season 12–0, including a win over Pittsburgh in the Fiesta Bowl. Sanford's offense averaged 45.3 points a game, and quarterback Alex Smith was MWC Player of the Year as well as a finalist for the Heisman Trophy. The following spring, Smith was the first overall pick in the 2005 NFL Draft, selected by the San Francisco 49ers. Louisville
On December 22, 2009, <mask> was named offensive coordinator and assistant head coach at the University of Louisville. After a lackluster offensive performance against Marshall on October 1, 2011, <mask> did not travel with the Cardinals for their next game, against North Carolina. He did not attend any of the practices in the week leading up to the game. Quarterbacks coach Shawn Watson served as offensive play-caller for that game.CBSSports.com's Brett McMurphy reported that <mask> had been fired and replaced by Watson. However, The Courier-Journal's Rick Bozich reported that <mask> was still with

masks:
Sanford
Mike Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford


title: Mike Sanford Sr.

texts:
 the team, but may be demoted to a position coach. Bozich later confirmed that <mask> was no longer offensive coordinator. The following Monday, October 10, Strong announced that Watson would serve as offensive coordinator for the remainder of the season, but that <mask> would remain on the coaching staff in another capacity. He also denied rumors that there had been an altercation between them during the week. On October 22, 2011, Strong announced that <mask> was no longer with the program. Utah State (first stint)
<mask> joined the Utah State coaching staff in March 2012.He served as the assistant head coach and running backs/tight ends coach. <mask> previously worked with head coach Gary Andersen at the University of Utah. Western Kentucky
<mask> joined the Western Kentucky coaching staff in December 2016. He served as the running backs coach and special teams coordinator under his son, <mask> Jr.

Utah State (second stint)
<mask> joined the Utah State coaching staff for the 2019 season. He served as a consultant under head coach Gary Anderson and offensive coordinator <mask> Jr., his son. Personal
He is the father of former Western Kentucky head coach and current Minnesota offensive coordinator, <mask> Jr.

Head coaching record

References

External links
 Indiana State profile

1955 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Army Black Knights football coaches
High school football coaches in Nevada
Indiana State Sycamores football coaches
Junior college football coaches in the United States
Long Beach State 49ers football coaches
Louisville Cardinals football coaches
People from Los Altos, California
Players of American football from California
Purdue Boilermakers football coaches
San Diego Chargers coaches
Stanford Cardinal football coaches
UNLV Rebels football coaches
USC Trojans football coaches
USC Trojans football players
Utah State Aggies football coaches
Utah Utes football coaches
VMI Keydets football coaches
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football

masks:
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Sanford
Mike Sanford
Sanford
Mike Sanford
Mike Sanford


title: Antonio Navarro Wolff

texts:
<mask> (born 9 July 1948) is an engineer, a former combatant and a Colombian politician. <mask> used to be a former Commandant and leader of the 19th of April Movement (M-19), a former guerrilla movement that operated in Colombia in the 1970s and 1980s. After the demobilization through a peace agreement of the M-19, <mask> and others formed the M-19 Democratic Alliance, a political party of which <mask> became a leader of entering mainstream politics in Colombia. In 1990 he ran as a M-19 political candidate during the Colombian presidential elections finishing third and receiving 12.48% of the votes; he ran again unsuccessfully in the 1994 presidential election, and attempted to run for the 2006 presidential elections but lost the candidacy of his party during the primaries. In 1991 he was elected to the National Constituent Assembly, of which became Co-President along with Álvaro Gómez Hurtado and Horacio Serpa Uribe; it was this Assembly that drafted the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which remains the supreme law of the country. <mask> has also served in Congress, being elected to serve both in the Chamber from 1998 to 2002, and the Senate from 2002 to 2006 and again since 2014; and elected Mayor of Pasto serving from 1995 to 1998, and Governor of Nariño from 2008 to 2012. Before M-19
<mask> was born on 9 July 1948 in Pasto to <mask> and <mask>.In 1972, <mask> graduated as a sanitary engineer from the University of Valle, after which he took postgraduate courses and eventually became a professor at the same university. He studied Environmental Engineering at Loughborough University, UK in 1976 on a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation, the British Council and the International Development Research Center (IDRC) of Canada. As a sanitary engineer, he was an adviser of the Social Medicine Department of the University of Valle (1972), coordinator of the Multidisciplinary Research Centre for Rural Development (CIMDER, 1972–1977), international

masks:
Antonio José Navarro Wolff
Navarro
Navarro
Navarro
Navarro
Antonio José
Rafael Navarro Ube
María Emma Wolff Pizarro
Navarro


title: Antonio Navarro Wolff

texts:
 adviser of the IDRC (1976–1978), Professor at the University of Valle (1972–1978), director of the Curriculum of Sanitary Engineering at the university, and a private consultant. Militancy in M-19
At the end of the 1970s, he became a part of the guerilla group M-19. Within the M-19, <mask> ascended to second-in-command of the organization. One of the most controversial episodes of M-19 was the take-over of the Palace of Justice by armed guerrillas. They pretended to demand a trial of President Belisario Betancur for violation of the peace accords.During the operation led by security forces to retake the Palace, a large group of guerrillas, civilians, magistrates and soldiers lost their lives— at least 53 civilian casualties were registered, including several members of Colombia's Supreme Court of Justice. The siege has been catalogued as a holocaust and massacre by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Peace Negotiations
<mask> coordinated peace negotiations for this movement during President Betancur' government in 1984 and 1985. He was named head of the Commission to organize the National Dialogue, along with Vera Grabe, Alfonso Jacquin, Andrés Almarales and Israel Santamaría. Talks were broken off, truces failed and the peace process died. In May 1985, the talks collapsed after an attack in a cafeteria in the city of Cali, when a soldier threw a grenade that exploded 10 cm away from <mask>, who was severely wounded. The facial nerve that controls the left part the jaw was destroyed and he lost his left leg below the knee.M-19 received news that <mask> was to be attacked in the hospital, so he was evacuated to Mexico where the leg was amputated. He received a prosthesis in Cuba. Later, Carlos Pizarro carried out peace negotiations with the government of President Virgilio Barco. The peace agreement was on signed 11 March 1990. After signing the peace agreement, M-19 nominated its leader, Carlos Pizarro Leongómez to run as candidate for the

masks: Navarro Navarro Navarro Navarro


title: Antonio Navarro Wolff

texts:
 presidency, but he was assassinated on a commercial flight from Bogotá to Barranquilla on 26 April 1990. After Pizarro's burial, the leaders of M-19 met and decided to continue with the peace process. They nominated <mask> for the presidency, who came in third in the balloting.Political life
In the 2000s, M-19 entered a leftist coalition of parties called the Alternative Democratic Pole and <mask> became its Secretary General. <mask> has been mayor of the city of Pasto, Congressman of Colombia and was one of the three collegiate presidents of the Constituent Assembly of Colombia writing the Colombian Constitution of 1991. He has served as Colombian Minister of Health. In 2006, he ran for the presidency of Colombia, but lost to Carlos Gaviria in the party primaries. He then ran for the Senate and was elected. After he is elected governor of Nariño of the PDA. Later after the election of Gustavo Petro as mayor of Bogotá, <mask> was appointed Secretary of Government which takes turn as spokesman for the mayor.However resignation for personal reasons in late March 2012 in charge subsequently assuming the Progressive Movement spokesperson. He is also a member of Washington D.C. based think tank the Inter-American Dialogue. Popular culture
<mask> is portrayed by the actor Fabio Rubiano as the character of Marco Navia in TV series Escobar, el patrón del mal. References

 Polo Democratico Alternativo - <mask> <mask>
 terra.com.co - VoteBien: <mask> <mask>

1948 births
Living people
Colombian people of German descent
University of Valle alumni
Alumni of Loughborough University
Colombian industrial engineers
University of Valle faculty
19th of April Movement members
Colombian amputees
Candidates for President of Colombia
Members of the Constituent Assembly of Colombia
Mayors of places in Colombia
People from Pasto, Colombia
Members of the Chamber of Representatives of Colombia
Members of the Senate of Colombia
Governors of Nariño Department
Members of the

masks:
Navarro
Navarro
Antonio Navarro
Navarro
Navarro
Antonio Navarro
Wolff
Antonio Navarro
Wolff


title: Saint Piran

texts:
<mask> or Pyran (; ), died c. 480, was a 5th-century Cornish abbot and saint, of Irish origin. He is the patron saint of tin-miners, and is also generally regarded as the patron saint of Cornwall, although Saint Michael and <mask> also have some claim to this title. Traditionally, <mask> has been identified as the Irish saint Ciarán of Saigir. <mask>ran's Flag, a white cross on a black background, traditionally the emblem of the Cornish tinners, is the Cornish national flag. Saint Piran's Day falls on 5 March. Suggested Irish origins
Piran is the most famous of all the saints said to have come to Cornwall from Ireland. By at least the 13th century, since Brittonic languages and Goidelic languages regularly alternate p and k sounds (see the classification of Celtic languages for an explanation), he had become identified as the Irish Saint Ciarán of Saigir who founded the monastery at Seir-Kieran in County Offaly.The Celtic Scholar Charles Plummer suggested that Ciaran of Clonmacnoise was the patron saint of Cornwall Saint Piran challenging the more broadly accepted belief that he was Ciaran of Saigir. The difference in spelling is for dialect or linguistical reasons between the two Insular Celtic languages. Brytonic was categorized as P-Celtic, as it replaced the harder 'c' or k sound in the Goidelic languages with the softer letter 'p'. On the other hand, Goidelic was seen by scholars as being Q-Celtic, as one of the earliest Ogham inscriptions used a 'Q' represented by Queirt, which was symbolised by the Apple Tree to phonetically pronounce the k sound, although Q was later replaced by the letter 'C' in the Old Irish alphabet. The fourteenth-century Life of <mask>ran, probably written at

masks:
Saint Piran
Saint Petc
St Piran
Saint Pi
Saint Pi


title: Saint Piran

texts:
 Exeter Cathedral, is a complete copy of an earlier Middle Irish life of Saint Ciarán of Saighir, with different parentage and a different ending that takes into account Piran's works in Cornwall, and especially details of his death and the movements of his Cornish shrine; thus "excising the passages which speak of his burial at Saighir" (Doble). However, there is no shrine to him in Ireland. 5 March is the traditional feast day of both St Ciarán of Saighir and St Piran.However the Calendar of Launceston Church records an alternative date of 18 November for the latter. In Perranzabuloe parish Perran Feast is traditionally celebrated on the last Monday in October. On the previous Sunday there are services at the site of St Piran's Oratory and in the parish church of St Piran. Views from modern scholars
 Charles Plummer suggested that St Piran might, instead, be identified with St Ciarán of Clonmacnoise, who founded the monastery of Clonmacnoise also in County Offaly, but this is doubtful since this saint is believed to have died of yellow fever at the age of thirty-two and was buried at Clonmacnoise. His father is, however, sometimes said to have been a Cornishman. Joseph Loth, moreover, has argued, on detailed philological grounds, that the two names could not possibly be identical. G. H. Doble thought that <mask> was a Welshman from Glamorgan, citing the lost chapel once dedicated to him in Cardiff.David Nash Ford accepts the Ciarán of Clonmacnoise identification, whilst further suggesting that Piran's father in the Exeter life, Domuel, be identified with Dywel ab Erbin, a fifth-century prince of Dumnonia (Devon and Cornwall). The St Piran Trust has undertaken research which suggests that St


title: Saint Piran

texts:
 own remains were subsequently exhumed and redistributed to be venerated in various reliquaries. Exeter Cathedral was reputed to be the possessor of one of his arms, while according to an inventory, St Piran's Old Church, Perranzabuloe, had a reliquary containing his head and also a hearse in which his body was placed for processionals. In 1443, Cornish nobleman, Sir John Arundell bequeathed money in his Will for the preservation of the head of <mask> in the chapel at Perranzabuloe. The churches at Perranuthnoe and Perranarworthal were dedicated to Piran and holy wells at Perranwell and Probus, Cornwall are named after him.In Brittany St. Peran, Loperan and Saint-Perran are also named after him. The former Methodist chapel at Laity Moor has served as the Orthodox Church of Archangel Michael and Holy Piran since 1996. The earliest documented link to the design of the St Piran's Flag with St Piran is on the coat of arms of the <mask>-Péran or <mask>ran (pronounced Péran) family from Cornouaille in Brittany. The earliest evidence known comes from the 15th century, with the arms being De sable à la croix pattée d'argent. (a black shield with a white cross pattée). Mount St. Piran is a mountain in Banff National Park near Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada, named after the saint. St Piran's crab, Clibanarius erythropus, was also named in his honour, in 2016.St Piran's Day

St Piran's Day on 5th March is popular in Cornwall and the term 'Perrantide' has been coined to describe the week prior to this day. Many Cornish-themed events occur in the Duchy and also in areas in which there is a large community descended from Cornish emigrants. The village of Perranporth ('Porthpyran' in Cornish) hosts the annual

masks:
St Piran
de Saint
Saint Pez


title: Saint Piran

texts:
 inter-Celtic festival of 'Lowender Peran', which is also named in honour of him. The largest St Piran's Day event is the march across the dunes to St Piran's cross which hundreds of people attend, generally dressed in black, white and gold, and carrying the Cornish Flag. A play of the Life of St Piran, in Cornish, has been enacted since 2000 at the event. Daffodils are also carried and placed at the cross. Daffodils also feature in celebrations in Truro, most likely due to their 'gold' colour.Black, white and gold are colours associated with Cornwall due to St Piran's Flag (black and white), and the Duchy Shield (gold coins on black). In 2006 Cornish MP Dan Rogerson asked the government to make 5 March a public holiday in Cornwall to recognise celebrations for St Piran's Day. In 2010, a short movie about St. Piran was made and premiered at the Heartland Film Festival. See also

 Mount St. Piran
 Piran (Slovenia)
 <mask>ran, patron saint archive
 St Piran Football League

Notes

References

Sources
 Carter, Eileen. (2001). In the Shadow of St Piran
 Doble, G. H. (1965). The Saints of Cornwall.Dean & Chapter of Truro. Loth, J. (1930). 'Quelques victimes de l'hagio-onomastique en Cornwall: saint Peran, saint Keverne, saint Achebran' in Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Bretagne. Plummer, Charles. (1922). Betha Naem nErenn
 Tomlin, E. W. F. (1982).In Search of St Piran
 Rev. Charles William Boase, M.A. (Fellow and Tutor of Exeter College, Oxford). PIRANUS, ST. In: William Smith and Henry Wace. A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines During the First Eight Centuries. Volume IV: N-Z.London: John Murray, Albemarle Street, 1887. pp. 404–405. Further


title: Saint Piran

texts:
 reading
 "A man of the people who liked his pint... no wonder <mask> is Cornwall's hero." Europe Intelligence Wire 21 Feb. 2012. Eileen Carter. In the shadow of Saint <mask>, AD 500-2000: The history of the Saint and his foundations at Perranzabuloe. Wadebridge: Lodenek, 2001.90 pages. Eric Walter Frederick Tomlin. In search of St. Piran: An Account of His Monastic Foundation at Perranzabuloe, Cornwall, and Its Place in the Western Or Celtic Church and Society. Padstow, Cornwall: Lodenek Press, 1982. 41 pages. William Haslam (Rev). St. Piran & His Oratory: The History of a Celtic Saint.Penzance: Oakmagic Publications, 1998, 1845. 58 pages. William Haslam (Rev). Perran-Zabuloe: With an Account of the Past and Present State of the Oratory of St. Piran in the Sands. London: John Van Voorst, Paternoster, 1844. 181 pages. (see: Chapter II, pp.53-56). Anthony Allen Clinnick. The Story of the Three Churches of St. Piran, the miners' patron saint of Cornwall. A.W. Jordan: Truro, 1936. 15 pages. George Basil Barham.How St. Piran came to Cornwall. [London]: Great Western Railway (Great Britain), 1922. 4 unnumbered pages. External links

  St Piran's holiday. BBC News. 2 March 2006, 12:19 GMT. St. Piran's events.An Daras: The Cornish Folk Arts Project. St. Piran's celebrations. BBC Home. St. Piran's Day in Truro. BBC Home. St. Piran's Oratory – Morley B Collins, 1910
  St Piran Trust website. The Orthodox Church of Archangel Michael and Holy Piran.Laity Moor, Nr Ponsanooth, Cornwall. TR3 7HR. 6th-century Irish abbots
6th-century Christian saints
Burials in Cornwall
Cornish culture
Cornish nationalism
Irish expatriates in England
Medieval Irish saints of Cornwall
Medieval Cornish saints
Tin

masks: Piran Piran


title: Paddy Collins

texts:
<mask>Fox" <mask> (12 April 1903 – 17 February 1995) was an Irish hurler who played as a left corner-back for the Cork senior team. Born in Kinsale, County Cork, <mask> first played competitive hurling during his schooling at The North Monastery. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of twenty-five when he first linked up with the Cork senior team. He made his senior debut during the 1928 championship. <mask> immediately became a regular member of the starting fifteen, and won two All-Ireland medals, two Munster medals and one National Hurling League medal. As a member of the Munster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions, <mask> won one Railway Cup medal. At club level he was a seven-time championship medallist with Glen Rovers.Throughout his career <mask> made 24 championship appearances. He retired from inter-county hurling following the conclusion of the 1938 championship. In retirement from playing <mask> became involved in team management and coaching. He was a selector with six All-Ireland-winning Cork teams between 1941 and 1954. In 1988, when he was the last surviving member of Cork's 1931 championship triumph, he was the recipient of the GAA All-Time All-Star Award. Playing career

Colleges

During his schooling at The North Monastery in Cork, <mask> became a key member of the senior hurling team. In 1919 he won a Harty Cup medal following a 3–2 to 2–2 defeat of Cistercian College, Roscrea.Club

<mask> played his club hurling with Glen Rovers. In 1924 he was a member of the team when the Glen claimed their first major victory. A defeat of Dohenys, who conceded the match after a fifty minutes due to a huge lead by the Glen, gave <mask> a junior championship medal. The following year, a 7–2 to 2–3

masks:
Paddy "
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins


title: Paddy Collins

texts:
 win over Inniscarra gave <mask> an intermediate championship medal. The victory also secured senior status for Glen Rovers. Having lost the senior decider to Blackrock in 1930, it would take four years for the Glen to qualify for a second senior final. A 3–2 to 0–6 defeat of four-in-a-row hopefuls St. Finbarr's gave <mask> a senior championship medal.He added a second championship medal to his collection the following year when Carrigtwohill gave Glen Rovers a walkover in the championship decider. The Glen continued to dominate Cork hurling once again in 1936. In spite of having two players sent off, <mask> won a third successive championship medal following a 7–5 to 4–2 defeat of Sarsfield's. Having been granted a walkover by the same opposition two years earlier, Glen Rovers faced Carrigtwohill in the county decider of 1937. A 3–5 to 1–0 score line gave <mask> a fourth championship medal. In 1938 Glen Rovers set out to make history by besting Blackrock's twenty-five-year-old championship record of successive championship titles. Midleton stood in the way of a fifth successive championship title, however, a comprehensive 5–6 o 1–3 score line secured the victory and gave <mask> his fifth championship.The following year Glen Rovers faced Blackrock in their first championship decider meeting in almost a decade. A 5–4 to 2–5 win for the Glen gave <mask> a sixth successive championship medal. Sarsfield's stood in the way of Glen Rovers securing a seventh successive championship in 1940. In one of the most high-scoring county finals of all-time, <mask> won his seventh championship medal following a 10–6 to 7–5 defeat of Sars. <mask> brought the curtain down on his club hurling career following this victory. Inter-county

<mask>

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins Collins


title: Paddy Collins

texts: made his senior championship debut for Cork in a Munster semi-final defeat of Waterford in 1928. He was dropped from the panel for the rest of the championship as Cork went on to claim the Munster and All-Ireland crowns.After being reinstated to the starting fifteen in 1929, <mask> went on to line out in his first provincial decider. A 4–6 to 2–3 defeat of Waterford gave him his first Munster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland final was a replay of the previous year as Cork lined out Galway once again. Mick Ahern scored a goal for Cork after just twenty-five seconds to start the rout. Cork won by 4–9 to 1–3 giving <mask> his first All-Ireland medal. <mask> added a National Hurling League medal to his collection in 1930 as Cork defeated Dublin by 3–5 to 3–0. Cork later surrendered their provincial and All-Ireland crowns.In 1931 Cork were back in the provincial decider against Waterford, however, the game ended in a draw. A 5–4 to 1–2 victory for Cork in the replay gave <mask> a second Munster medal. The subsequent All-Ireland final pitted Cork against Kilkenny. As the final whistle approached Cork were in arrears by one point when Eudie Coughlan took off for goal along the wing. He stumbled and fell to his knees, but struck the sliotar while still on his knees and sent it over the bar the level the game at 1–6 apiece and secure a draw. The replay took place four weeks later. Cork took the lead at half-time, however, Kilkenny fought back.Once again both sides finished level at 2–5 apiece. After this game officials pressed for extra time, however, this was rejected by both sides. It was also suggested at a meeting of the Central Council that both counties be declared joint champions and that half an All-Ireland medal by given to

masks: Collins Collins Collins Collins


title: Paddy Collins

texts:
 each player. This motion was later defeated. The first week of November saw the second replay of the All-Ireland final take place. The absence of Kilkenny captain Lory Meagher hampered Kilkenny and, at the third attempt, Cork triumphed by 5–8 to 3–4. It was <mask>'s second All-Ireland medal.The rest of the decade proved difficult as Cork went into decline. A defeat by Clare in the provincial final of 1932 was <mask>'s last big occasion with Cork. He continued to play with further success until his retirement after Cork's exit from the championship in 1938. Inter-provincial

<mask> was also selected for Munster in the inter-provincial series of games. He made his debut with the province in 1931 and was a regular until his retirement in 1933. In 1931 he lined out in his first inter-provincial decider. A 1–12 to 2–6 defeat of rivals Leinster gave <mask> first Railway Cup medal.He lined out again in the deciders of 1932 and 1933, however, Leinster triumphed on both occasions. Honours

Team

Glen Rovers
Cork Senior Hurling Championship (7): 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940
Cork Intermediate Hurling Championship (1): 1925
Cork Junior Hurling Championship (1): 1924

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1929, 1931
Munster Senior Hurling Championship (2): 1929, 1931
National Hurling League (1): 1929–30

Munster
Railway Cup (1): 1931

Selector

Cork
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship (6): 1941, 1942, 1946, 1952, 1953, 1954

Individual

Awards
 GAA All-Time All-Star Award (1): 1988

References

1903 births
1995 deaths
Glen Rovers hurlers
Cork inter-county hurlers
Munster inter-provincial hurlers
All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners
Hurling selectors
People from Kinsale
People educated at North

masks:
Collins
Collins
Collins
Murphy Collins


title: Logan (Iroquois leader)

texts:
<mask> the Orator (c. 1723–1780) was a Cayuga orator and war leader born of one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy. After his 1760s move to the Ohio Country, he became affiliated with the Mingo, a tribe formed from Seneca, Cayuga, Lenape and other remnant peoples. He took revenge for family members killed by Virginian Long knives in 1774 in what is known as the Yellow Creek Massacre. His actions against settlers on the frontier helped spark Dunmore's War later that year. <mask> became known for a speech, later known as <mask>'s Lament, which he reportedly delivered after the war. Scholars dispute important details about <mask>, including his original name and whether the words of <mask>'s Lament were his. Identity debate
Scholars agree that <mask> was a son of Chief  Shikellamy, an important diplomat for the Iroquois Confederacy.But, as anthropologist Anthony F. C. Wallace has written, "Which of Shikellamy's sons was <mask> the orator has been a matter of dispute." <mask> the orator has been variously identified as Tah-gah-jute, Tachnechdorus (also spelled "Tachnedorus" and "Taghneghdoarus"), Soyechtowa, Tocanioadorogon, the "Great Mingo", <mask>, and <mask>. The name "Tah-gah-jute" was popularized in an 1851 book by Brantz Mayer entitled Tah-gah-jute: or <mask> and Cresap. However, historian Francis Jennings wrote that Mayer's book was "erroneous from the first word of the title." He identified <mask> as <mask>, also known as Soyechtowa and Tocanioadorogon. Historians who agree that <mask> the orator was not named "Tah-gah-jute" sometimes identify him as Tachnechdorus. But Jennings identifies Tachnechdorus as <mask> the orator's older brother.<mask>'s father Chief Shikellamy, who was Oneida, worked closely with Pennsylvania official <mask> to maintain the Covenant Chain

masks:
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan Elrod
Logan
Logan
James Logan
John Logan
Logan
Logan
James Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
James Logan


title: Logan (Iroquois leader)

texts:
 relationship with the colony of Pennsylvania. Following a prevailing Native American practice, the young man who would become <mask> the Mingo took the name "<mask>" out of admiration for his father's friend. With the disruption of warfare, disease, and encroachment, some Seneca and Cayuga among the Iroquois migrated to the Ohio Country, as did Lenape. Joining together in a process of ethnogenesis, they became known as the Mingo tribe. <mask> the Mingo is usually identified as a Mingo "chief", but historian Richard White has written that "He was not a chief. Kayashuta and White Mingo were the Mingo chiefs. <mask> was merely a war leader.... " The Iroquois and other Native American tribes tended to have peace chiefs and war chiefs, or leaders. Like his father, <mask> generally maintained friendly relationships with white settlers who were moving from eastern Pennsylvania and Virginia into the Ohio Country: the region that is now Ohio, West Virginia, Kentucky, and western Pennsylvania. Biography

Early life and family
<mask>'s  Father was the Iroquois Chief, Shikellamy of the Oneida Tribe. His mother was Neanoma a Cayuga. Shikellamy and Neanoma were married in New York State. A historical marker in Danby, New York, designates the "possible birthplace of Chief <mask> (Tah-Gah-Jute)," and then quotes <mask>'s famous speech (see https://www.hmdb.org/results.asp?SearchFor=%22cayuga+indian+village%22). <mask> was also known as Tachnechtoris, "The Spreading Oak" or John Shikellamy.He had 3 known brothers and one sister. John was the oldest of the siblings. His next brother was known as Tah-gah-jute, Sayughtowa, "The Beetling Brow", or <mask>. James later in life was referred to as "<mask>, the Mingo." His brother, Arahhot or "Unhappy Jake" was killed in the war with the Catawbas in 1744. John

masks:
Logan
James Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
John Logan
Logan
Logan
John Logan
James Logan
Logan


title: Logan (Iroquois leader)

texts:
 Petty or Sogogeghyata, was the youngest of his brothers and bore the name of a Shamokin Indian Trader. <mask>'s sister was known as the widow of Cajadies who was known as "the best hunter among all of the Indians" who died in November 1747.Children, by tradition, took the clan or tribe of the mother. The Shikellamy children were of the Cayuga Tribe. Statement of <mask>y
Cornplanter Reservation, Penn October 9, 1915
"I was born on the West Bank of the Allegheny River, in the Cornplanter Reservation, in 1809, the same year as Abraham Lincoln. My father was <mask>, Jr., a Cayuga, the only surviving child of Captain <mask>, the oldest son of Shikellamy. My mother was a daughter of the Seneca Chief Cornplanter. My father after retiring from the war path, settled at Cold Spring, in the Allegheny Reservation, in New York State, where he died in 1944 aged 100 years. Early in life he married Annie, a daughter of Cornplanter, who bore him fine children, three daughters and two sons.The last were names Lyman and Jesse. When my grandfather was old he came to this Reservation, where he lived with my father until his death. To the best of my knowledge, he died in this reservation, and is buried near the grave of Chief Cornplanter. I married Susan, a Seneca maid, and we had one child, <mask>, who died at the age of thirty. He was named for my great-uncle, the immortal Cayuga orator. Physically, my father and my son were small men, much smaller than my grandfather and my great-uncle. I took after my grandfather, as I am of large stature.I remember Cornplanter, my maternal grandfather, very well. He was a large, strong man, not dark in color, and with grey eyes. He was a great man for work. Every morning, winter or summer, rain or shine, at six o'clock he would come out of his house and ring a big dinner

masks:
John Logan
Jesse Logankellam
John Logan
John Logan
James Logan


title: Logan (Iroquois leader)

texts: bell as a signal for all to get busy. He wore a red cap much the same as the white hunters do now. I remember Philip Tome, the great elk and panther hunter, who lived a mile up the river. I hunted elk with the famous Jim Jacobs many times.I was taught to hunt by my grandfather, who died in 1820. He was a very old man when I was very young, but I recall what he looked like. I killed hundreds of elk, many bear and deer, and quite a few panthers, the last in 1860. I have always been fond of sports. I walk two miles to town (Corydon) every time there is a baseball game. As a boy I excelled at the Indian games of long ball and snow snake. I love a joke and enjoy a good dinner.I use tobacco and liquor sparingly. I attribute my long life to my love of outdoor exercise and hunting and fishing. In my old age I am well cared for by my Indian friends, but regret that 'my blood flows not in any living person,' to use the language of my great-uncle James. There are many <mask>s in the Reservations in Pennsylvania and New York; some are descended from my brother and sisters, others adopted the name because of the honor attached to it. I wish I had been invited to attend the unveiling of my great-grandfather's [Shikellamy's] monument in Sunbury next week, but I guess that the world has forgotten <mask>. I tried to fight for the white man in the Civil War, but when I got to Harrisburg I was sent back as too old. But I was a dead shot, and can still beat men one-quarter of my age with the gun and bow and arrow.Next summer, if I live I hope to visit Logan Valley, where my grandfather resided, and view the scenes that my father loved to talk about. I would also like to visit Mrs. Gross, at Fort Augusta, who has done so much to honor Shikellamy's memory. I have lived a long while, but I am not tired of life,

masks: Logan Logan


title: Logan (Iroquois leader)

texts:
 and each day seems new and pleasant to me." Yellow Creek Massacre
<mask>'s friendly relations with white settlers changed after the Yellow Creek Massacre of April 30, 1774. A group of Virginia Long knives led by Daniel Greathouse murdered a number of Mingo, among them <mask>'s brother (commonly known as John Petty) and at least two other close female relatives, one of them pregnant and caring for an infant daughter. Her children's father was John Gibson, a prominent trader in the region.These Mingo had been living near the mouth of Yellow Creek, and had been lured to the cabin of Joshua Baker, a settler and rum trader who lived across the Ohio River from their village. The Mingo in Baker's cabin were all murdered, except for the infant mixed-race child, who was spared with the intention of giving her to her father. At least two canoes were dispatched from the Yellow Creek village to aid their members, but they were repelled by Greathouse's men concealed along the river. In all, approximately a dozen Mingo were murdered in the cabin and on the river. <mask> was not present in the area when the massacre took place, and was summoned to return by runners. <mask>'s revenge
Influential tribal chiefs in the region, such as Cornstalk (Shawnee), White Eyes (Lenape), and Guyasuta (Seneca/Mingo), attempted to negotiate a peaceful resolution lest the incident develop into a larger war, but by Native American custom <mask> had the right to retaliate for the murders. Several parties of mixed Mingo and Shawnee warriors soon struck the frontier, including one led by <mask>.They attacked settlers in several frontier regions, both killing and taking captives. One known as the Spicer Massacre in Greene County, Pennsylvania. The Royal Governor of Virginia, Lord Dunmore, responded by launching an expedition

masks: Logan Logan Logan Logan Logan Logan


title: Logan (Iroquois leader)

texts:
 against the Mingo and Shawnee, in the conflict known as Dunmore's War. <mask>'s Lament

<mask> was not at the Battle of Point Pleasant (October 10, 1774), the only major battle of Dunmore's War. Following the battle, Dunmore's army marched into the Ohio Country and compelled the Ohio Indians to agree to a peace treaty. According to tradition, <mask> refused to attend the negotiations and instead made a speech that became legendary:

The speech was printed in colonial newspapers, and in 1782 Thomas Jefferson reprinted it in his book Notes on the State of Virginia. The American elm tree in Pickaway County, Ohio under which <mask> was said to have given the speech became known as the Logan Elm.it grew to great size before dying in 1964. <mask>'s Letter

Later life and death
The remainder of <mask>'s life is shrouded in obscurity. <mask> continued his attacks on white settlers and associated himself with the Mohawk auxiliaries of the British during the American Revolution. He died in an altercation near Lake Erie in 1780. Legacy
Numerous places carry <mask>'s name, including:
Logan, Ohio
Logan County, West Virginia (None of the 9 other "Logan" counties in the USA is named for the Mingo leader.) Logan, West Virginia
Chief Logan State Park, West Virginia
Logan Elm State Memorial, Ohio
Logan Elm High School is located near the state memorial
Fort Hill Cemetery in Auburn, New York, an area traditional to the Cayugas, has a large monument to him. Chief Logan Reservation - a camp property in Ray, Ohio opened in 1963 by the Chief Logan Council of the Boy Scouts of America.The Chief Logan Council was consolidated in 1994, and the camp management was passed on to the newly created Simon Kenton Council, who closed the camp permanently after the 2019 season. Logan Honors Program - at Fort Steuben Scout

masks: Logan Logan Logan Logan Logan Logan Logan Logan


title: Logan (Iroquois leader)

texts:
 Reservation in Freeport, Ohio, managed by the Ohio River Valley Council of the Boy Scouts of America. <mask> and Michael Cresap resolved their differences after Cresap proved that he was innocent of the massacre of <mask>'s people. Cresap named a son after <mask> and, since then, three generations of Cresap male descendants have been named <mask>. The tradition has been continued in the 21st century. Indianola Junior High School in Columbus, Ohio has a sculpture detail of <mask> with the carved caption TAHGAHJUTE (see image to right)

Notes

References
"<mask>." Britannica School, Encyclopædia Britannica, October 31, 2017. school.eb.com/levels/high/article/<mask>/48752.Hurt, R. Douglas. The Ohio Frontier: Crucible of the Old Northwest, 1720-1830. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996. Jennings, Francis. "<mask>". American National Biography. 13:836–37.Ed. John A. Garraty and Mark C. Carnes. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. .
Sugden, John. Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees. Lincoln and London: University of Nebraska Press, 2000. .
Tanner, Helen Hornbeck. Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History. Norman, OK, 1987.Wallace, Anthony F. C. Jefferson and the Indians: The Tragic Fate of the First Americans. Cambridge: Belknap, 1999. White, Richard. The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650-1815. New York, 1991. Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography

Bibliography
 <mask> — The Mingo Chief, 1710-1780, Ohio Archæological and Historical Society Publications: Volume 20 [1911], pp. 137–175.External links
Logan Elm State Memorial in Ohio
Chief Logan State Park, West Virginia

1720s births
1780 deaths
Native American leaders
Iroquois people
People from West Virginia
People from Columbiana County, Ohio
People in Dunmore's

masks:
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
Logan
James Logan
James Logan
James Logan
Logan


title: Henry William de Saussure

texts:
<mask> (August 16, 1763 – March 26, 1839) was an American lawyer, state legislator and jurist from South Carolina who became a political leader as a member of the Federalist Party following the Revolutionary War. He was appointed by President George Washington as the 2nd Director of the United States Mint, was a co-sponsor of the legislation that established the South Carolina College which was to become the University of South Carolina and was given the title of Chancellor as a justice of the SC Equity Court, also known as chancery court. In this capacity he wrote and codified much of the state's equity law still in use today. He served as Intendant (Mayor) of Charleston while his son, <mask>, likewise, served as Intendant (Mayor) of Columbia, SC. He was a principal investor in founding what was originally intended to be the city's Federalist leaning newspaper, the Charleston Courier in 1803. The newspaper still exists today as it was merged with others over the course of two centuries to become The Post and Courier. As a sitting appellate court judge, his opinions on a variety of issues were widely published under a pseudonym, which was the custom then for public officials, particularly judges, who wished to express their views away from the bench.He openly opposed Nullification along with other leading South Carolinians. After the Federalist Party faded in the early 1820s, he was a voice for Unionist moderation before a rising tide of States Rights supporters swept the stage of all others in South Carolina a generation later. Though deep political differences would eventually separate them, John C. Calhoun studied law in the offices of <mask> <mask> and Timothy Ford, his partner and brother-in-law. As a founder and early trustee of the University of South Carolina in Columbia, one of the original buildings located on the Horseshoe at the center of the campus, DeSaussure College, was named in his honor. Early life

At the age of 16, together with his father <mask> <mask> (1736–1798), he participated

masks:
Henry William de Saussure
William Ford de Saussure
Henry de
Saussure
Daniel de
Saussure


title: Henry William de Saussure

texts:
 in the defense of the city during the 1780 Siege of Charleston. When the city surrendered to British forces, both were captured. As a prisoner of war, <mask> was detained aboard the Pack-Horse, a prison ship in Charleston Harbor.Due to the deplorable conditions of the confinement, his health declined on board the ship. He was later released to his mother's custody and those others fortunate to survive the ordeal were released in a prisoner exchange in June 1781, more than a year after the surrender. His father, Daniel, was deemed to be more of a prize and sent to the British prisons at St. Augustine, Florida along with other leaders of the American rebellion captured in South Carolina. As a prominent merchant in the city, Daniel's properties in Charleston and Beaufort were also confiscated. Daniel's wife, Mary, and their younger children, three daughters, were then exiled to Philadelphia for the remainder of the American Revolution. The family was reunited at Philadelphia after <mask>'s father was released as part of a prisoner exchange following the surrender of British forces at Yorktown. Still occupied, Charleston and New York City would remain in British hands for some time longer.Refugees and exiles were unable to return until after the withdrawal of British troops from those areas. In addition to his father, <mask> <mask> had three uncles who served as officers of the Continental Line during the American Revolution. All three uncles died in service to the American cause leaving no male heirs to the <mask> family in America except that of Daniel. <mask> <mask> was killed during the Siege of Savannah in 1779. <mask> <mask> died in camp during the Siege of Charleston in 1780. <mask> <mask> was killed at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781. Education and marriage

While in Philadelphia young <mask> attended Princeton College and studied law under Jared Ingersoll, a noted Philadelphia attorney who would later be an active participant in the Constitutional Convention and a leading proponent of the

masks:
Henry
Henry
Henry William
de Saussure
de Saussure
Louis de
Saussure
Henry de
Saussure
Thomas de
Saussure
de Saussure


title: Henry William de Saussure

texts:
 Federalist Party.Before returning to Charleston, <mask> married Elizabeth Ford, the daughter of Colonel Jacob Ford, Jr. and Theodosia Johnes Ford of Morristown, New Jersey. <mask> and Elizabeth were married at her family's home in Morristown. <mask> & <mask> <mask> had 12 children. Their second son, <mask>. De <mask>, was appointed to fill an unexpired term in the United States Senate in 1852. It was the same seat held by John C. Calhoun. Despite <mask> <mask>'s early political association with the Federalist Party and later support of Unionist candidates in opposition to the Nullification movement, most notably Joel Roberts Poinsett, his son <mask> <mask> would become a signer of the Ordinance of Secession in 1860. Famous family members
In addition to his son <mask>. De <mask>, notable relatives of <mask> <mask>ure include his grandfather's brother César-<mask> <mask> (1705–1783), foreign service attaché and social commentator; European cousins Horace-Bénédict <mask> (1740–1799), Swiss naturalist, Albertine Necker <mask> (1766–1841), Swiss writer, educationalist, and advocate of education for women, <mask> <mask> (1857–1913), Swiss linguist, and Éric <mask> (1925–2007), Swiss artist and member of the Taizé Community.Other American descendants include grandson Wilmot Gibbes <mask> (1822–1886), South Carolina militia general and South Carolina Secretary of the Treasury during the American Civil War and Arthur Ravenel, Jr. (1927–), a member of the United States Congress who represented the First Congressional District of South Carolina from 1987 to 1995. Further reading

External links

1763 births
1839 deaths
People from Jasper County, South Carolina
South Carolina Federalists
Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain
People of South Carolina in the American Revolution
Huguenot participants in the American Revolution
Directors of the United States Mint
Mayors of Charleston, South Carolina
<mask>
Washington administration

masks:
de Saussure
Henry
Henry
Eliza de
Saussure
William F
Saussure
Henry de
Saussure
William Ford
De Saussure
William F
Saussure
Henry William
de Sauss
François de
Saussure
de Saussure
de Saussure
Ferdinand de
Saussure
de Saussure
de Saussure
Henry William


title: Inger Stevens

texts:
<mask> (born Ingrid Stensland; October 18, 1934 – April 30, 1970) was a Swedish–American film, television, and stage actress. Early life
<mask> was born in Stockholm, Sweden, the eldest child of Per Gustaf and Lisbet Stensland. When she was six years old, her mother abandoned the family (taking her youngest son Peter with her). Soon afterwards <mask>' father moved to the United States, leaving <mask> and her brother, Ola, in the custody of the family maid—and then later with an aunt in Lidingö, near Stockholm. In 1944, she and her brother moved to the United States and lived with their father and his new wife in New York City where he was teaching at Columbia University. At age 13, <mask> moved with her family to Manhattan, Kansas, where her father taught at Kansas State University. <mask> attended Manhattan High School.At 16, she ran away from home to Kansas City, and worked in burlesque shows. At 18, she left Kansas City to return to New York City, where she worked as a chorus girl and in the Garment District while taking classes at the Actors Studio. Career

<mask> appeared on television series, in commercials, and in plays until she received her big break in the film Man on Fire, starring Bing Crosby. Roles in major films followed, including a starring role opposite Harry Belafonte in 1959's The World, the Flesh and the Devil, but she achieved her greatest success in the television series The Farmer's Daughter (1963–1966), with William Windom. Previously, <mask> had appeared in episodes of Bonanza, Route 66, The Alfred Hitchcock Hour, The Eleventh Hour, Sam Benedict, The Aquanuts (1960 TV series) and The Twilight Zone. Following the cancellation of The Farmer's Daughter in 1966, <mask> appeared in several films: A Guide for the Married Man (1967), with Walter Matthau; Hang 'Em High, with Clint Eastwood; 5 Card

masks:
Inger Stevens
Inger Stevens
Stevens
Stevens
Stevens
Stevens
Stevens
Stevens
Stevens


title: Inger Stevens

texts:
 Stud, with Dean Martin and Robert Mitchum; and Madigan with Henry Fonda and Richard Widmark. At the time of her death, <mask> was attempting to revive her television career with the detective drama series The Most Deadly Game.Personal life
Her first husband was her agent Anthony Soglio, to whom she was married from 1955 to 1957. In January 1966, she was appointed to the Advisory Board of the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute by then-California governor Edmund G. "Pat" Brown. She also was named Chairman of the California Council for Retarded Children. Her aunt was Karin Stensland Junker, author of The Child in the Glass Ball. After her death, Ike Jones, the first Black person to graduate from UCLA's School of Theater, Film, and Television, claimed that he had been secretly married to <mask> since 1961. Some doubted this due to the lack of a marriage license, the maintenance of separate homes and the filing of tax documents as single people. However, at the time <mask>'s estate was being settled, the actress's brother, Carl O. Stensland, confirmed in court that his sister had hidden her marriage to Jones "out of fear for her career".Los Angeles Superior Court Commissioner A. Edward Nichols ruled in Ike Jones's favor and made him administrator of her estate. A photo exists of the two attending a banquet together in 1968. Death
On the morning of April 30, 1970, <mask>'s sometime roommate and companion, Lola McNally, found her on the kitchen floor of her Hollywood Hills home. According to McNally, when she called <mask>'s name, she opened her eyes, lifted her head, and tried to speak, but was unable to make any sound. McNally told police that she had spoken to <mask> the previous night and had seen no sign of trouble. <mask> died in the ambulance on the way to the hospital. On arrival, medics removed a small bandage from

masks: Stevens Stevens Stevens Stevens Stevens Stevens Stevens


title: Inger Stevens

texts:
 her chin that revealed a small amount of fresh blood oozing from a cut which appeared to have been a few hours old.Los Angeles County Coroner Dr. Thomas Noguchi attributed <mask>'s death to "acute barbiturate poisoning" that was eventually ruled a suicide. Filmography

Film

Man on Fire (1957) — Nina Wylie
Cry Terror! (1958) — Mrs. Joan Molner
The Buccaneer (1958) — Annette Claiborne
The World, the Flesh and the Devil (1959) — Sarah Crandall
The New Interns (1964) — Nancy Terman
The Borgia Stick (1967, TV) — Eve Harrison
A Guide for the Married Man (1967) — Ruth Manning
A Time for Killing (1967) — Emily Biddle
Firecreek (1968) — Evelyn Pittman
Madigan (1968) — Julia Madigan
5 Card Stud (1968) — Lily Langford
Hang 'Em High (1968) — Rachel Warren
House of Cards (1968) — Anne de Villemont
A Dream of Kings (1969) — Anna

Television

Kraft Television Theatre (1 episode, 1954)
Robert Montgomery Presents (1 episode, 1955)
Studio One (3 episodes, 1954–1955) — Lucy Henderson / Mary / Sue Ellen
Crunch and Des (1 episode, 1956) — The Actress
Matinee Theatre (1 episode, 1956)
Crusader as Alicia in "The Girl Across the Hall" (CBS, 1956) — Alicia
Conflict (1 episode, 1956) — Lady Arabella
The Joseph Cotten Show, or On Trial (1 episode, "Law Is for the Lovers", 1956) — Ruth
The Millionaire (1 episode, 1956) — Betty Perkins
Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1 episode, 1957) — Laura Ross
Climax! / Internet Archive (dead link)

1934 births
1970 suicides
Actresses from Kansas
Actresses from Stockholm
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (television) winners
Drug-related suicides in California
Barbiturates-related deaths
People from Manhattan, Kansas
Swedish emigrants to the United States
20th-century American actresses
Female suicides
20th-century Swedish


title: Arthur F. Gorham

texts:
Lieutenant Colonel <mask> (January 11, 1915 – July 12, 1943) was a United States Army officer and paratrooper. Gorham was the first commander of the 1st Battalion, 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment, part of the 82nd Airborne Division. He led the unit from its inception until Operation Husky, the July 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily, where he was killed in action. Early life and family
Gorham was born in Brooklyn, New York, to <mask>, Sr. (September 13, 1890 – February 9, 1972) and <mask> (April 1885 – July 4, 1966). His older brother was <mask>, Jr. (November 26, 1911 – May 15, 2005). Gorham's parents were second generation Americans and were both of Scottish descent. The Gorhams moved from Brooklyn to Bellevue, Ohio, in July 1917.James, Sr. owned a successful dry goods business. While awaiting transportation from Governors Island in New York to his first assignment after graduating from West Point, Gorham renewed a previous acquaintance with Corrine "Colonel" Bennett (later Clarke) (October 21, 1917 – October 20, 2001). They had met for the first time a few years earlier at an army football game. Bennett was then a senior at the University of Wichita where she was president of the Pi Beta Phi sorority (then called the Sorosis Sorority), captain of the rifle team and had held titles in both golf and tennis. The two were married on June 21, 1939, in Wichita, Kansas. The couple had one child, Bruce Bennett <mask> Clarke (born January 26, 1943, at Ft. Benning, GA). Clarke followed in his father's footsteps graduating from West Point, serving in an airborne unit, fighting in Vietnam at Khe Sanh and commanding at every level from a platoon to a brigade.Education
Gorham was educated in Bellevue, Ohio, first at the Ellis School and he later graduated from Bellevue High School in 1932. During high school, he played in the

masks:
Arthur Fulbrook Gorham
James Allison Gorham
Louise Fox Gorham
James Allison Gorham
Gorham


title: Arthur F. Gorham

texts:
 band for four years, was secretary of the junior and senior classes, earned two varsity letters in football and two more in track and served on the high school newspaper, the Blazer, for four years. He was also a member of the National Honor Society. After his high school graduation, having not secured a sought-after appointment to West Point, he attended Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, for a year where he played football winning his "numeral." During this time he pledged the Ohio Alpha chapter of Phi Delta Theta Fraternity. <mask> left Miami when he received the principal Congressional appointment to West Point from Rep. William L<mask>nger. After taking the West Point substantiating examination in February 1934 he spent time at Stanton Preparatory Academy in Cornwall, New York.On July 2, 1934, Gorham joined the Class of 1938 at West Point. While at West Point, Gorham was known for pipe smoking, surviving academics and maintaining a famously clean M1 rifle. To his classmates, he was known for his easy-going way and love of jazz. He played football for two years winning two monograms as an end on the Army "B" team and earned a marksmanship medal—one shot short of winning an "expert" badge he refused to wear the award mailing it home to his parents instead. During his four years he was an acting corporal, acting sergeant, sergeant, acting company supply officer, and, in his fourth year, wore three chevrons as the lieutenant for Company B. Gorham graduated in the middle of his class and received a commission as an Infantry officer. Gorham's graduation was front page news in his native Bellevue. At the time, he was just the second graduate of Central High School to graduate from a service academy.Admiral John Greenslade was previously the school's sole graduate. Early Career and Leadership Style
After less than two

masks:
Gorham
. Fiesi


title: Arthur F. Gorham

texts:
 years with the 30th Infantry in San Francisco, Gorham moved to Fort Benning, Georgia. In November 1941 he graduated from the newly created Airborne School receiving a "Certificate of Proficiency" signed by then Major Robert Sink and, more importantly, a set of silver jump wings. A month later, he completed the School's demolition and sabotage course. It was at this point in his short career that he began to stand out. As one of the early airborne qualified officers, he gained more rank and responsibility as the United States began to form parachute regiments and later airborne divisions. In 1941 he volunteered to organize the first group of paratroopers on skis.So in February 1942 then-Captain <mask> took his B Company, 503rd Parachute Infantry Regiment to Alta, Utah, where the United States was testing the concept of dropping paratroopers into the Alps behind the Germans and having them ski down to attack and harass their lines of communication. During this period <mask> is credited with having made the first parachute jump from over 10,000 feet. As was his leadership style, before Gorham would let anyone else jump he first made a solo jump to test whether it was safe. On that first jump, he was soon followed by LT Robert Ellis, SGT Roy Taylor and SGT W.P. Walsh. The troopers trained hard, but falling on skis was different than falling when landing in a parachute jump. There were many legs and ankles injured.Despite much favorable press, the project was eventually abandoned and the troopers were spread out to the newly forming parachute units. In a 1989 article in Assembly, the magazine of the U.S. Military Academy's Association of Graduates, his son Bruce B.G. Clarke described Gorham's leadership style:

The article goes on to report this observation by General Winton:

In the summer of 1942 the 505th Parachute

masks: Gorham Gorham


title: Arthur F. Gorham

texts:
 Infantry Regiment was activated in the tarpaper shack Frying Pan area of Fort Benning, overlooking Lawson Army Airfield. Gorham, then a major, was assigned as commander of the 1st Battalion. There was no time lost in getting a hard training schedule started. In Combat Jump: The Young Men Who Led the Assault into Fortress Europe, July 1943 (page 53), Ed Ruggero writes:

Gorham was promoted to lieutenant colonel on December 26, 1942, just shy of his 28th birthday. At the time of his promotion, he was one of the youngest lieutenant colonels in the U.S. Army.Operation Husky: The Invasion of Sicily
On the night of July 9, 1943, the Paratroopers of the 505th Parachute Infantry Regiment loaded aircraft and departed the coast of North Africa for the island of Sicily. The 1st Battalion, under the command of the 28-year-old <mask> spearheaded the first regimental-sized airborne assault. Winds were high as they jumped in the early morning hours of July 10 and the Paratroopers were scattered across and well beyond their drop zones. Assembling in little groups of Paratroopers, the men began to wreak havoc among the German and Italian defenders of Sicily. In the combat that followed, Gorham positioned himself and the few dozen stragglers he found on the high ground near Comico airfield. On July 11, when approximately ten German tanks and a battalion of infantry began to assault their position, and all of his men were lying as low as possible, Gorham was on his feet, dodging incoming fire and moving around the position, bucking up his outnumbered men. When one of the bazooka teams was killed, Gorham sprang for the weapon, loaded it himself, and went after one of the tanks.He hit the tank’s vulnerable side which set the tank on fire. <mask> then moved from point to point firing at the eye-slit of tanks, shouting encouragement to


title: Arthur F. Gorham

texts: the men and directing their fire until the counterattack was beaten off. For his actions on July 11, 1943, Gorham was awarded the nation's second highest award for bravery, the Distinguished Service Cross. The next day, July 12, Gorham and his little group of paratroopers came face to face with another German tank near Niscemi, Sicily. William B. Breuer in Drop Zone Sicily describes the action: Gorham “grabbed a rocket launcher and edged his way within range of a menacing Tiger Tank which had continued to roll forward. Gorham, out in the open and in full view of enemy tankers, kneeled to take aim at the tank. Gunners in the Tiger spotted the parachute leader and fired an 88mm shell at Gorham at point blank range.<mask>, hardnosed to the end, fell over dead." The citation for the Distinguished Service Cross he was awarded for his actions reports: “Lieutenant Colonel Gorham personally manned a rocket launcher and destroyed one tank. While attempting to destroy another with hand grenades and a rifle, Lieutenant Colonel Gorham was killed.” This second description is consistent with the reports relayed to Gorham's family by Chicago Tribune reporter John Hall Thompson in December 1943. Gorham's death was first reported by Bill Ryder in a March of Time radio broadcast on August 19, 1943. "One of the outstanding examples of heroism was Lt. Col. <mask> whose unit was attacked by tanks. When one of his bazooka teams was wiped out by an approaching tank, he manned the weapon himself and got the tank single-handed before being killed himself by another tank on their flank." There is some confusion about the actual date of Gorham's death.Army records list his date of death as July 11, 1941. His second Distinguished Service Cross citation lists the date as July 14, 1943. This is the date listed on Gorham's headstone. In Phil

masks:
Gorham
Arthur Gorham


title: Olivia Harrison

texts: <mask> (née Arias; born May 18, 1948) is an American author and film producer, and the widow of musician <mask> of the Beatles. She first worked in the music industry in Los Angeles, for A&M Records, where she met George and then helped run his Dark Horse record label. In 1990, she launched the Romanian Angel Appeal to raise funds for the thousands of orphans left abandoned in Romania after the fall of Communism there. Since her husband's death in 2001, <mask> has continued his international aid efforts through projects in partnership with UNICEF, and is the curator of film, book and music releases related to his legacy. She represents his voice on the Beatles' Apple Corps board and is similarly a director of his charity organisation, the Material World Foundation (MWF). Under the auspices of MWF, she has sponsored the preservation of film history in collaboration with American director Martin Scorsese. These restoration projects include short films by Charlie Chaplin and works from 1940s Mexican cinema.She and her husband shared an interest in Eastern mysticism and spiritual practice, and her presence in his life, starting in the mid-1970s, began a period of more optimistic content in <mask>'s music. At their Friar Park home in December 1999, when she overpowered a knife-wielding intruder who had repeatedly stabbed George, she was recognized as having saved her husband's life. Among <mask>'s film projects, her production of Concert for George won the Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video in 2005, and her co-production of Scorsese's 2011 documentary <mask>: Living in the Material World won an Emmy Award in the category "Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special". She authored books to accompany both these films, and in 2017 compiled

masks:
Olivia Trinidad Harrison
George Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
George Harrison


title: Olivia Harrison

texts:
 a revised edition of George's 1980 autobiography, I, Me, Mine. She is the mother of George's son, Dhani <mask>, who is also a musician. Life

Childhood and music industry career
Arias was born in Los Angeles. Her grandparents migrated to California, having grown up in Guanajuato in central Mexico.Her father, Zeke, was a dry cleaner, and her mother, Mary Louise, worked as a seamstress. Arias's siblings include Peter and Louise. She attended Hawthorne High School in the 1960s. In a 2016 interview, she recalled that Mexican music and films were a regular part of her upbringing, with Zeke having been a singer and guitarist, and that Jorge Negrete, Trío Calaveras and Trío Los Panchos were among the artists she enjoyed. In 1972, she began working for A&M Records, at the former site of Charlie Chaplin Studios in Hollywood. By 1974, as a member of the marketing department, she regularly liaised by long-distance telephone with <mask>, whose new record label, Dark Horse, was distributed by A&M. Impressed with Arias, <mask> arranged for her to work exclusively for Dark Horse Records.The pair met for the first time in October 1974 and soon became romantically involved. Until the late 1970s, Arias worked with a roster of artists that included Ravi Shankar, Splinter, Stairsteps, Attitudes, Keni Burke and Henry McCullough. According to author Robert Rodriguez, she was "a capable and even-tempered administrator, ably handling the routine chaos involved with setting up a record label and dealing with all manner of personalities". Before meeting <mask>, Arias had studied meditation with the Indian guru Maharaj-ji. Their shared interest in spirituality, together with a lifestyle incorporating vegetarianism, had a calming effect on <mask>, whose reliance on

masks:
Harrison
George Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Olivia Harrison

texts:
 drugs and alcohol Arias helped curb. His 1976 album Thirty Three & 1/3 conveyed a more contented outlook in which he expressed his faith without the disapproving tone that, for many music critics, had marred his previous two albums. While accompanying <mask> on his promotional campaign for Thirty Three & 1/3, Arias told an interviewer: "We have a nice relationship.When you strive for something higher in the next world, you have a much easier time in this one." Marriage to <mask>
Arias gave birth to the couple's son Dhani <mask> at Princess Christian Nursing Home in 1 August 1978. The following month, <mask> and George married in a private ceremony at the Henley-on-Thames Register Office in England. Their contentment during this period was again reflected in George's music, much of which he wrote at their holiday property on Maui in Hawaii. His self-titled 1979 album includes the song "Dark Sweet Lady", which he said best captured the renewal Arias had provided in his life. Following John Lennon's murder in New York in December 1980, <mask>, George and Dhani spent much of the early 1980s traveling in the Pacific region, alternately residing in Hana on Maui, and Hamilton Island in the north-east of Australia. As the wife of a former Beatle, <mask> largely stayed out of the public spotlight.During the late 1980s, she supported George's campaign to save Henley's Regal Cinema from redevelopment by the John Lewis supermarket chain, and campaigned with Ringo Starr's wife, Barbara Bach, on behalf of Parents for Safe Food. In 1989, she was the target of hate mail and death threats at her and George's Henley estate, Friar Park, the details of which were kept secret until a London police officer leaked the story to the press the following year. In 1990,

masks:
Harrison
George Harrison
Harrison
Olivia
Olivia
Olivia


title: Olivia Harrison

texts: she fully embraced the media spotlight, in reaction to the plight of around 100,000 Romanian orphans left abandoned amid the chaos that followed the deposing of Romania's Communist leader, Nicolae Ceaușescu. After visiting Romania in early April, she said she was "overwhelmed, devastated and shocked" by the suffering she had witnessed. That same month, she founded the Romanian Angel Appeal (RAA) to provide aid to the children, having enlisted support from the other Beatles' wives: Bach, Linda McCartney and Yoko Ono. George helped her promote the appeal on British television and radio, and, with his Traveling Wilburys bandmates, recorded a cover version of the song "Nobody's Child" to help raise funds for the orphans. In October 1992, she wrote to The Guardian newspaper to express her disgust with the author Geoffrey Giuliano, who had recently published a biography of her husband.She accused Giuliano of falsifying a brief acquaintance with George into a friendship and criticised his depiction of Paul McCartney, whom Giuliano had dismissed as "vacuous and shallow". On December 30, 1999, George and <mask> were attacked by a deranged man who broke into Friar Park. George went downstairs after hearing noises. Moments later, George returned, followed by the intruder, and was stabbed multiple times. <mask> attacked the assailant with a fireplace poker and a heavy table lamp, and he turned on her. After the local police arrived and detained the intruder, the <mask>s were treated for their wounds at a hospital. The man was quoted as saying he was on a "mission sent by God", and that the Beatles were "witches".The home invasion was a front-page news story around the world, with some headlines recognising <mask> as having "saved" her husband. The attack

masks: Olivia Olivia Harrison Olivia


title: Olivia Harrison

texts:
 followed the arrest of a female stalker who had broken into the <mask>s' Maui home on December 23. In a 2005 interview, <mask> said of the December 30 incident: "I remember everything about it, every millisecond. I was terrified, but it is one of those things that you just do in a heightened state of awareness so that you can never really forget any of it." George's death and aftermath
George's injuries from the Friar Park attack were more severe than was reported in the press and led to the removal of a portion of one of his lungs. Within a year, the cancer that he had beaten through treatment in 1998 returned in the form of lung cancer. <mask> and Dhani were at his bedside when he died in Los Angeles on November 29, 2001.She later remembered him in a Sunday Times interview: "George was the funniest man I knew. When he died, it was like, 'Oh, no, the party's over' … He didn't put up with any crabbiness – other than his own." <mask> spent a period in seclusion while mourning her loss. In 2004, she alleged that Gilbert Lederman, a doctor at Staten Island University Hospital, where George received experimental radiation therapy before traveling to Los Angeles, had acted inappropriately by forcing him to listen to the doctor's young son playing guitar and, while in pain and lacking his mental faculties, autograph the boy's guitar. The suit, which also addressed Lederman's discussion of the former Beatle's condition with the media, was settled out of court with a stipulation that the guitar be destroyed. Following her husband's death, <mask> joined Yoko Ono (Lennon's widow), Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr in controlling the lucrative Beatles financial empire. As of 2021 she is one of the five Directors of Apple Corps.In June 2006, she attended

masks: Harrison Olivia Olivia Harrison Harrison


title: Olivia Harrison

texts:
 the Las Vegas launch of the Beatles' Love stage show, a project George had initiated through his friendship with Guy Laliberté of Cirque du Soleil. She appeared on stage at Microsoft's E3 press conference in June 2009, again with Ono, McCartney and Starr, to promote The Beatles: Rock Band. Film production, album reissues and book projects
In November 2002, <mask> produced the Concert for George tribute, which featured Eric Clapton, Jeff Lynne, Billy Preston, Tom Petty, Shankar, Starr and McCartney, along with Dhani. Held at London's Royal Albert Hall and filmed by director David Leland, the event was presented under the auspices of George's Material World Foundation; all proceeds from the concert and subsequent album, film and book releases went to the foundation for dispersal to charities that he and the family supported. <mask>'s video production for the Concert for George film received the Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video in 2005. She wrote the introduction to the 2002 reissue of George's autobiography, I, Me, Mine, and authored the book Concert for George, which was published by Genesis Publications in 2005. <mask> has overseen reissue campaigns of her late husband's recording catalogue.In early 2005, she operated out of an office in London's Knightsbridge area; while in Los Angeles at that time, she used Dark Horse's offices in Santa Monica. She helped Dhani compile the Dark Horse Years box set in 2004 and wrote an introduction on the history of Dark Horse Records in the accompanying booklet. She co-produced the Concert for Bangladesh Revisited documentary accompanying the 2005 reissue of the Concert for Bangladesh album and film. She was reissue producer (with Dhani) of Living in the Material World in 2006. In 2007, <mask>

masks:
Olivia Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Olivia Harrison

texts: produced the documentary included in the Traveling Wilburys' box set The Traveling Wilburys Collection. In 2010, she served as compilation producer of George's works with Ravi Shankar, in a box set titled Collaborations – a project she described as a "labor of love for me". In addition to designing the elaborate packaging with Drew Lorimer, she oversaw the collection and restoration of long-lost footage of a 1974 Music Festival from India performance from the Royal Albert Hall.She co-produced the Martin Scorsese documentary <mask>: Living in the Material World (2011), and appeared with Scorsese at Cannes in 2010 and in New York City in the summer of 2011 promoting it. In a radio interview with Leonard Lopate for WNYC, she said that the film had involved five years of work and that it was a project George had hoped to undertake himself after working on the Beatles Anthology series in the mid 1990s. She also authored the accompanying book, <mask>: Living in the Material World, published by Abrams. The film won two awards at the 2012 Emmy Awards, with <mask> and her fellow producers being recognised in the category "Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special". For the 2014 reissue of George's Apple Records solo albums, overseen by Dhani, <mask> directed a seven-minute film, The Apple Years, which was included on the DVD in the eight-disc box set of the same name. She compiled a revised edition of I, Me, Mine (subtitled The Expanded Edition), which was published by Genesis in February 2017. The updated work involved her searching for George's handwritten lyrics and notes for songs that he had omitted from the 1980 book or had written in the years following its original publication.She told Rolling Stone magazine, referring to her dedication to

masks:
George Harrison
George Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Olivia Harrison

texts:
 preserving his legacy: "I have an overdeveloped sense of duty. It obviously means everything to me." Following her work with Scorsese on Living in the Material World, <mask> has funded film restoration projects undertaken by his non-profit organization The Film Foundation. Through the Material World Foundation, she first financed the restoration of some Charlie Chaplin short films and then of works from Mexico's "Golden Age" of cinema. Emilio Fernández's Enamorada (1946), one of three Mexican titles restored by The Film Foundation up to mid 2018, was presented by Scorsese at the Cannes Film Festival that year. Philanthropy
As of 2002, <mask>'s 1990 Romanian Angel initiative was still active. In May 1990, before the release of the fundraising single and album, ten trucks filled with food, medical supplies and clothing, together with 32 aid workers, were dispatched to Romania.According to <mask>, all the funds raised by the appeal went directly to the cause, as the administrative costs were paid for by her and the other RAA founders. In September 2000, she and George met with local representatives to monitor the progress of the RAA-funded programs for orphanage sanitation and professional staff. <mask> has continued to develop George's philanthropic initiatives. She is a director of the Material World Foundation (MWF), which he established in 1973 to "sponsor diverse forms of artistic expression and to encourage the exploration of alternative life views and philosophies", and of the Harrison Family Foundation. The Harrison Family Scholarship was launched by the MWF in 2002. It awards scholarships at Brown University in the United States, with preference given to non-American students, especially those from India and Mexico. In late 2005,

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison