title: Noel Wien

texts:
 contracted polio, but survived with only a limp in his right leg, and continued to fly.Then, in 1938, he received a piece of metal in his right eye, and a botched operation meant the loss of sight in that eye and the consequent depth perception, yet he continued to fly. The eye was removed in 1946, and replaced with a glass eye. Though still flying, he stopped logging hours after 11,600. His last forced landing was in 1956. He died on July 19, 1977, in Bellevue, Washington. Legacy
 The <mask> Public Library in Fairbanks, Alaska is named after him. The library sits on the site of Weeks Field, the original airport in Fairbanks and base for many of Wien's early accomplishments.Weeks Field Park, adjacent to the library, was previously called Wien Park. Flying runs in the family: his sons, <mask> <mask> and Richard A<mask>, and grandsons Kurt, Michael and Kent all became commercial pilots as well. <mask> was inducted into the Minnesota Aviation History Museum Hall of Fame in 1989, the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum Hall of Fame in 2000 and the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 2010. Wien Mountain is located in the Brooks Range, Wien Lake is located in the Kilbuck-Kuskokwim Mountains, Wien Street is located in Fairbanks, 15 July 1974 was declared Noel Wien Day, and <mask> was declared Alaskan of the Year in 1975. References

External links
  <mask> interviewed at KENI-TV in Anchorage, 1972
 Air and Space Magazine 10 Great Pilots, March 2003

1899 births
1977 deaths
Aviators from Alaska
Aviators from Wisconsin
Aviation pioneers
National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
People from Douglas

masks:
Noel Wien
Noel Merrill
Wien
. Wien
Noel Wien
Noel
Noel Wien


title: Cosma Spessotto

type: original

texts:
<mask> (Spanish: <mask>) (28 January 1923 – 14 June 1980) was an Italian Catholic priest and member of the Order of Friars Minor. He was sent to serve in the foreign missions in El Salvador in 1950, where he aided the faithful through evangelization and the construction of churches. <mask> – like the then-Archbishop of San Salvador Óscar Romero – spoke out against injustices on the part of the junta of El Salvador which caused him to receive a number of death threats. He was killed in 1980 in the church where he served as pastor, just prior to the celebration of Mass, shot at point blank range. His cause for canonization was approved in 1999 under Pope John Paul II when he became titled as a Servant of God. On 26 May 2020, it was announced by the Holy See that Pope Francis had approved his beatification, with the date of the ceremony to be determined once the COVID-19 pandemic had passed while it was later announced on 27 August 2021 that the beatification rite would be celebrated on 22 January 2022. Life

Early life

He was born <mask> on 28 January 1923 in Mansuè, Treviso, to a peasant couple, <mask> and Josefina Zamuner.He received his baptism on the following 30 January. As a young woman, <mask>'s paternal aunt Maria had been in the process of becoming a nun but was forced to withdraw from the novitiate due to a bone disease. She later helped to care for her nephews and taught them catechism while aiding them with housework; she also told them stories of saints. <mask> received his confirmation in 1932 while in 1933 he felt a firm call to the priesthood and so insisted to his father that he start his education in preparation for that. Spessotto travelled to the friary of the Friars Minor in Motta di Livenza and asked a friar how much it would take for him to enter, to which the friar responded that the candidate would need to have a clear vocation and the will to serve God. He then demanded that his father relent to his request, to which he did and Sante left for Lonigo to begin his formation as a friar on 3 September 1938. He took the clothes and savings that his

masks:
Cosma Spessotto
Cosme Spessotto Zamr
Spessotto
Sante Spessotto
Vittorio Spessotto
Spessotto
Spessotto


title: Cosma Spessotto

texts:
 aunt had packed for him.While waiting for his train at the station, he said to his father: "Now I call you father but one day you'll call me father". On 16 September 1939 <mask> was admitted into the novitiate of the Province of Veneto and received the Franciscan habit as well as his religious name of "<mask>". This took place in Vicenza, in a secluded friary on a hilltop, where those at that friary tried to live according to the Rule of Life of Saint Francis of Assisi and the motto of Saint Leonard of Port Maurice. He made his temporary profession of religious vows on 17 September 1940. He was then sent to study philosophy in the friary of San Antonio de Genoa in Udine, but  World War II prompted the transfer of the friary's students to the friary of San Francesco in Padua. Spessoto's final months of philosophical studies were located in an area where aerial bombings during the conflict became a high risk – at the friary of San Pancrazio in Barbarano Vicentino – which was leveled by bombings by Allied Forces in December 1944 and again the following March, thus the students were forced to take refuge elsewhere. His theological studies were conducted at San Vito al Tagliamento, where he underwent an operation for an ulcer.The war made anesthesia impossible, so he was forced to endure the pain – he asked a nursing religious sister for a crucifix and that she squeeze his hand during the operation, which proved successful. <mask> made his profession of solemn vows on 19 March 1944 and was ordained to the priesthood on 27 June 1948. After his ordination, he requested to be sent to the missions in China, but his mother forbade it due to the volatile tensions with the Communists who had assumed power in 1949. He also wanted to go to Africa, but this too never materialized. The following year, three friars – including <mask> – were assigned to go as missionaries to El Salvador. They set sail from the port of Genoa on 9 March 1950 and arrived on 4 April 1950. El Salvador
Spessotto did not speak any Spanish when he arrived in El Salvador and so had to learn the language in order

masks: Spessotto Cosma Spessotto Spessotto


title: Cosma Spessotto

texts: to speak and connect with the locals.After three years, he was assigned to serve as the pastor of the Church of St. John the Baptist in the town of San Juan Nonualco. His entrance into his first parish on 8 October 1953 was recalled as the priest being on a Vespa and being covered in dust due to the unpaved roads. He spent his first week visiting home after home in order to meet the locals. Spessotto aimed to connect to the local communities while in El Salvador and worked to rebuild a church that an earthquake had leveled in the 1930s. He learned on one occasion that there were hundreds of couples living together but were not married and in response he organized mass weddings where he married several couples at once. On another occasion guerillas took control of a church and took several priests hostage which ended when Spessotto negotiated their release. He also raised funds for the construction of a school and health clinics.<mask> also helped in the construction of a modern and functional church and construction for that church commenced on 2 June 1960. He introduced the cultivation of wine grapes into the region. By the last 1970s, <mask> had begun to denounce the abuses on the part of the junta then ruling that nation. He grew all more vocal in his denunciations after armed gunmen had assassinated the Jesuit priest Rutilio Grande. Yet this was not without complications for he had received his own death threats due to his strong denunciations and opposition to the El Salvadorian military forces. He nonetheless continued to care to the needs of the ill of his parish while aiding the poor of the area. In May 1980 he was admitted to hospital due to liver complications but was instead diagnosed with leukemia.On 14 June 1980 <mask> had celebrated Mass that afternoon for a slain student in his parish church of St. John the Baptist in San Juan Nonualco, where he had served as pastor for many years. He was shot at point-blank range around 7:00pm. He was murdered at the altar while preparing to preside at the celebration of an evening Mass. As he lay dying, he forgave his

masks: Spessotto Spessotto Spessotto


title: Cosma Spessotto

texts:
 murderers. His final words – according to the priest Filiberto del Bosco – were "pardon ... pardon" as del Bosco gave him the anointing of the sick. Beatification

The process for the canonization of <mask>l was opened by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Zacatecoluca on 17 July 1999, with the declaration of "nihil obstat" ('nothing against') by the local bishop (the first official stage in the sainthood proceedings) and official approval to the commencement of the cause had been granted. The diocesan process opened on 14 June 2000 and closed on 14 June 2001 – marking the date of the late priest's death.The cause was officially accepted by the Holy See on 4 April 2003, in which the Congregation for the Causes of Saints approved the process for further investigation, whereupon <mask> was titled a Servant of God. On 26 May 2020, it was announced by the Holy See that Pope Francis had approved his beatification, with the date of the ceremony to be determined once the COVID-19 pandemic had passed.It was announced on 27 August 2021 that the beatification rite would be celebrated on 22 January 2022 with Cardinal Gregorio Rosa Chávez presiding over the rite on the Pope's behalf. The current postulator that is assigned to the cause is Giovangiuseppe Califano. References

External links
Hagiography Circle

1923 births
1980 deaths
People from Mansuè
1980 in El Salvador
20th-century venerated Christians
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
20th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Assassinated Italian people
Beatifications by Pope Francis
Catholic martyrs of El Salvador
Deaths by firearm in El Salvador
Franciscan martyrs
Italian Friars Minor
Italian beatified people
Human rights abuses in El Salvador
Italian people murdered abroad
Salvadoran beatified people
Salvadoran Roman Catholic priests
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
People murdered in El Salvador
People of the Salvadoran Civil War
Roman Catholic activists
Roman Catholic missionaries in El Salvador
Venerated Catholics
1980 crimes in El Salvador
1980 murders in North America
1980s murders in El Salvador
Italian expatriates in El

masks: Spessotto Spessotto


title: Ian Evatt

texts:
<mask> (born 19 November 1981) is an English professional football manager and former player. He is the current manager of Bolton Wanderers. Evatt began his career as a central midfielder, but was later converted to a central defender. He began his professional career in 1999 at Derby County, and he also played for Northampton Town (on loan), Chesterfield (in two spells), Queens Park Rangers and Blackpool. As a player, he gained promotion with Blackpool (from League One to the Championship in 2006–07, and from the Championship tier to the Premier League in 2009–10) and with Chesterfield (from League Two to League One, as champions, in 2013–14). As a manager, he won promotion with Barrow (from the National League to League Two in 2019–20) and with Bolton (from League Two to League One in 2020–21). Early life
Evatt was born in Coventry, West Midlands.As a child he supported hometown club Coventry City. He attended Caludon Castle School for his secondary education. Playing career

Derby County
When he was ten years old, Evatt played for the district side in his hometown and was scouted by Derby County. He started with them from the age of 11 years. He signed his first professional contract on his seventeenth birthday in 1998. His first appearance in the Derby team came in the last match of the 2000–01 season, on 19 May 2001 at Pride Park, when he replaced Þórður Guðjónsson in the 78th minute. In the 2001–02 season he spent two months on loan with Division Two club Northampton Town, from 10 August to 10 October 2001, playing in eleven League games.His next appearance for Derby came in April 2002 when he came on for Rob Lee against Newcastle United, then on the last day of the 2001–02 Premier


title: Ian Evatt

texts:
 he was with Derby did not fix the problem. On 26 August 2004, Evatt signed a contract extension with the club to the summer of 2007, saying that it took him just five minutes to make the decision to sign, as he felt the club were "going in the right direction". In February 2005, Chesterfield turned down an offer for Evatt from Bristol City. He was also attracting interest from other clubs, including Leicester City. At the end of the 2004–05 season, Evatt won the SIFA Player of the Season Award and was runner-up in the CFSS Player of the Season Award. He made a total of 84 League appearances, scoring nine goals for the Spireites. Queens Park Rangers
On 2 June 2005, Evatt signed a three-year contract with Championship club Queens Park Rangers for a fee of £150,000, under a clause in his contract at Chesterfield that allowed him to move if a six-figure bid was made.On 3 December 2005, during an away match against Stoke City at the Britannia Stadium, Evatt was assaulted by a Stoke fan. When a Stoke City player was sent off, resulting in a penalty being awarded to QPR, a young Potters fan ran onto the pitch and jumped at Evatt from behind, knocking him to the floor, where he was also alleged to have punched Evatt. The youth was arrested and subsequently charged with assault. He was banned from attending football matches for three years and at trial pleaded guilty to assault. Evatt made 27 League appearances for the Hoops. On 1 August 2006 he was sent on a six-month loan to Blackpool, who were then in League One. He made 26 appearances for the Bloomfield Road club.Blackpool
QPR terminated <mask>'s contract, enabling him to join Blackpool on a permanent basis on 5 January 2007, during the


title: Ian Evatt

texts:
 Premier League, he was sent off half an hour into their second fixture, a 6–0 reversal at Arsenal on 21 August 2010. <mask> was named in the "Team of the Week" for week fourteen of the campaign, sharing the centre-back role with Aston Villa's Ciaran Clark. Evatt was Blackpool's only ever-present player in their 38 Premier League matches during the 2010–11 season. This included one substitute appearance against Aston Villa at Villa Park on 10 November 2010. After the departure of Keith Southern to Huddersfield Town in July 2012, Evatt inherited the accolade of being Blackpool's longest-serving current player. Return to Chesterfield
After his release from Blackpool in June 2013, Evatt re-joined Chesterfield on a two-year contract on 30 July 2013, and was made the club's captain. He scored his first goal in his second spell for the club against Fleetwood Town in the Football League Trophy Northern Area Final on 4 February 2014.He was released by Chesterfield at the end of the 2017–18 season. Coaching career

Caretaker spell at Chesterfield

On 23 April 2018, following the departure of Jack Lester, <mask> was appointed caretaker manager for the remainder of the season, which ended in Chesterfield's relegation to the National League. Barrow

On 15 June 2018, <mask> was unveiled as the new manager of National League side Barrow. <mask> officially retired from playing after coming on as a forward late in a friendly at home to his former club Blackpool on 20 July 2019. The appearance was prompted by Barrow's social-media manager, who announced that, should their tweet be retweeted one thousand times, Evatt would come on for the last few minutes. In his second season in charge, Evatt guided

masks: Evatt Evatt Evatt Evatt


title: Ian Evatt

texts:
 Barrow back to the Football League for the first time in 48 years as champions of the National League. The season was curtailed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with standings based on a points-per-game basis.Bolton Wanderers

On 24 June 2020, Bolton Wanderers made an official approach to Barrow for <mask> to become their head coach, and Barrow demanded £250,000 compensation should he make the move. Two days later, Barrow rejected Bolton's bid for his services, stating it was below the £250,000 they had asked for. On 29 June, Bolton and Barrow agreed on compensation and Bolton began discussing personal terms with Evatt. <mask>'s appointment at Bolton was confirmed on 1 July 2020. His first action as Bolton head coach was to give a new contract to recently released Ali Crawford, and his first signing was the leading goalscorer of the 2019–20 EFL League Two season, Eoin Doyle. His first competitive match as head coach came on 5 September, a 2–1 home defeat against Bradford in the first round of the EFL Cup. Evatt lost his first four competitive matches in charge, the first time this has happened to a Bolton manager/head coach.This had Bolton in their lowest-ever league position in their history, 21st in League Two. After losing the first five matches of the season, his first win came on 3 October against Harrogate Town. Bolton's form soon turned around and after winning five matches in a row, Evatt was named EFL League Two Manager of the Month for November 2020. After the departure of director of football Tobias Phoenix on 11 December, Evatt's role was changed from head coach to manager. After five wins and one draw in February 2021, Evatt was named Manager of the Month again for the second

masks: Evatt Evatt


title: Ian Evatt

texts:
 Team of the Year: 2013–14 League Two

Managerial
Barrow
National League: 2019–20

Bolton Wanderers
EFL League Two third-place (promotion): 2020–21

Individual
National League Manager of the Month: December 2018
National League Manager of the Year: 2019–20
EFL League Two Manager of the Month: November 2020, February 2021, March 2021

References

External links
<mask> profile at blackpoolfc.co.uk
<mask> profile at qpr.co.uk

1981 births
Living people
English footballers
Association football defenders
Derby County F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Footballers from Coventry
Premier League players
English Football League players
English football managers
National League (English football) managers
Barrow A.F.C.managers
Bolton Wanderers F.C. managers
Chesterfield F.C.

masks:
Ian Evatt
Ian Evatt


title: W. Paatii Ofosu-Amaah

texts:
W<mask>h born <mask> (13 July 1950 – 13 April 2016) was a Ghanaian lawyer, international civil servant and diplomat who served as the Vice President and Corporate Secretary of the World Bank Group from 2003 to 2007. He was the Special Advisor to the President of the African Development Bank from 2008 to 2015. Early life and education
Ofosu-Amaah was born in Accra, Ghana in 1950 to Ga-Dangme parents, Lawrence and Bernice Ofosu-Amaah. He was the youngest child in a large family. It is said that growing up in Accra, he often socialised with adults in a neighbourhood barber shop and enjoyed playing street football. With accelerated promotion, he finished his first four years of his primary education in 2 years. He attended the all-boys Anglican boarding school, Adisadel College in Cape Coast for his secondary education.At age of 20, he received his undergraduate LLB degree from the University of Ghana, Legon. He proceeded to Harvard Law School, where he received an LLM in 1972. Career
W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah began his legal career as an Associate at Davis Polk & Wardwell in New York, from 1973 to 1975. He then moved to Rome where he worked as a Legal Officer at the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), from 1975 to 1978. In Rome, he developed a love for Italian suits which became his signature sartorial choice. In 1978, he joined the World Bank at its headquarters in Washington, D.C., staying on for three decades and worked in areas relating to the legal dimensions of international development. He had oversight over legal frameworks and judicial reforms for more than 500 complex World

masks:
. Paatii Ofosu Amaa
William Jacob Paatii Ofosu Amaah
. Paatii


title: W. Paatii Ofosu-Amaah

texts: Bank-financed project of the World Bank in regions such as Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe and the Middle East.He had been Senior Counsel for bank-financed operations in China, Indonesia, Jordan, Romania and Nepal. He wrote legal instruments and the constitution of the African Capacity Building Foundation. As the legal advisor for environmental affairs, he was the World Bank delegate in the negotiations of global environmental treaties between 1986 and 1991 and played a role in the establishment of the Global Environment Facility and the development of various environmental and social-related policies of the international organisation. Ofosu-Amaah's positions at the World Bank legal vice presidency include Acting General Counsel, Deputy General Counsel, Chief Counsel, Africa Division, Legal Adviser, Environmental Affairs among others. In 2003, he became the Vice President and Corporate Secretary of the World Bank and worked closely with three of the institution's presidents, including <mask> (1995-2005). As the Acting General Counsel, he was the principal legal officer of the Bank, providing legal and policy advice to the Management and the Board of the Bank. As Corporate Secretary, he was part of the committee that selected two World Bank Presidents, <mask> (2005-2007) and Robert Zoellick (2007-2012).He was also instrumental in enhancing the effectiveness of the Bank's board of trustees. He retired from the World Bank in 2007. Between September 2008 and September 2015, was appointed the Special Advisor to the President of the African Development Bank, Donald Kaberuka. Ofosu Amaah was a member of

masks:
James Wolfensohn
Paul Wolfowitz


title: W. Paatii Ofosu-Amaah

texts:
 the African Union High Level Implementation Panel that included Thabo Mbeki of South Africa and Abdulsalami Abubakar of Nigeria, facilitating negotiations between the Republics of Sudan and South Sudan. He was the author of many World Bank publications relating to institutional policies and operations, combating corruption, project and infrastructure finance, environment management and negotiation issues, post-conflict reconstruction, and governance and capacity building, legal and judicial reform in Africa. He sat on the Board of Trustees of the African University of Science and Technology, the Nelson Mandela Institution, and the International Law Institute - African Centre for Legal Excellence in Uganda. He lectured at the International Development Law Institute in Rome, the International Law Institute in Washington, D.C., and was a Visiting Professorial Fellow at Queen Mary University of London.Selected publications

W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah, "Women: Key Partners in Sustainable and Equitable Development : Resource Materials on Women and Sustainable Development," 1994
Raj Soopramien, W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah, Kishor Uprety “Combating Corruption: A Comparative Review of Selected Legal Aspects of State Practice and International Initiatives” World Bank, Washington DC, 1 July 1999
 W. <mask> Ofosu-Amaah “Reforming Business-Related Laws to Promote Private Sector Development: The World Bank Experience in Africa” World Bank, Washington DC, 16 May 2000

Personal life
He married <mask> Ofosu-Amaah in 1976, in London. He met his future wife as an 18-year old in Accra in 1968 and maintained a long-distance relationship with her while

masks:
. Paatii
. Paatii
Paatii
Waafas


title: W. Paatii Ofosu-Amaah

texts:
 they both studied abroad. Together, they raised their two children, a son, Nii Amaah Koranteng and a daughter, Naabia. <mask> Ofosu-Amaah served as the regional coordinator for African policy, at the World Bank's development office in Washington, D.C. Ofosu Amaah's siblings were Samuel, the founding Director of the School of Public Health, University of Ghana; George, former Dean of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana; May, Director at the Social Welfare Department during the PNDC years and Vincent, former Director of the Ghana Commercial Bank. W<mask> Ofosu-Amaah was a Bob Marley aficionado and loved Ghanaian highlife music. He was a lifelong Anglican. Death and funeral
W. Patii Ofosu-Amaah died suddenly in Chevy Chase, Maryland, on 13 April 2016, aged 65.His funeral service at the Grace Episcopal Church, Silver Spring, Maryland on 26 April 2016. His remains were interred in Accra on Thursday 12 May 2016. Upon his death, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) sent a note of condolence. References

1950 births
2016 deaths
Alumni of Adisadel College
Ga-Adangbe people
Ghanaian Anglicans
Ghanaian civil servants
Ghanaian diplomats
Ghanaian lawyers
Ghanaian Protestants
Harvard Law School alumni
University of Ghana

masks:
Waafas
. Paatii


title: Bronius Kutavičius

texts:
<mask> (13 September 1932 – 29 September 2021) was a Lithuanian composer and academic composition teacher. He wrote numerous oratorios and operas, often inspired by ancient Lithuanian polytheistic beliefs and music. He also composed film scores, orchestral works and chamber music. Kutavičius is regarded as a symbol of Lithuanian cultural identity, both in music as in politics. Among many awards, he received the Lithuanian State Prize in 1987. Life
Born in Molainiai, Panevėžys County, Kutavičius studied composition at the Lithuanian State Conservatory in Vilnius from 1959 to 1964, in 's composition class. He studied Western techniques such as random operations, timbre experiments and spatial sound concepts (Zufallsoperationen, Klangfarbenexperimente und Raumklangkonzepte).From the 1970s, he studied the folklore of Lithuania, songs, dances, and cults, with ethnological methods. He composed numerous oratorios and operas, among them The Last Pagan Rites, inspired by ancient Lithuanian polytheistic beliefs and music. From the 1990s, he integrated musical cultures including countries such as Japan and Karelia. He worked from 1991 to 1995 on one of his major works, The Gates of Jerusalem, which earned him the Lithuanian State Prize in 1996. He composed his first opera in 2000, Lokys to a libretto by Aušra Marija Sluckaitė-Jurašienė based on the novella by Prosper Mérimée. His music is performed at international festivals, including the Warsaw Autumn, the Huddersfield Contemporary Music


title: Bronius Kutavičius

texts:
 (Jubilee Concert): Paskutinės Pagonių Apeigos (The Last Pagan Rites) / Du Paukščiai Girių Ūksmėj (Two Birds in the Thick of the Woods): Giedrė Kaukaitė / Vilniaus M. K. Čiurlionio vidurinės meno mokyklos choras dir. Rimantas Zdanavičius, Melodiya S10-18773/4
 1985 – Lietuvių Kompozitorių Kūriniai Fortepijonui (Lithuanian Composers' Works for Piano) – Sonata. Together with works by V. Laurušas, F. Bajoras & Osvaldas Balakauskas: Birutė Vainiūnaitė, Melodiya S10 22333 006
 1987 – 1953–1983: Trente Ans De Musique Sovietique: Paskutinės Pagonių Apeigos (The Last Pagan Rites).This is a repress of Melodiya side 18773 above, Le Chant du Monde LDC 78037 (5-LP set)
 1990 – Iš Jotvingių Akmens (From the Yotvingian stone) / Pasaulio Medis (The Tree of the World), Melodiya S10-29285 009
 1990 – Du koliažai: Liuda & Kęstutis Grybauskas – Fortepijoninis Duetas (Piano Duets), Melodiya S10 29435 008

CD
 2001 <mask> Kutavičius: 1) Last Pagan Rites, oratorio for chorus, horn & organ. (organ), 2) Epitaphium Temporum Pereunti, symphony oratorio for chorus & orchestra Conductor . CD, Ondine
 2003 <mask> Kutavičius opera Lokys (The Bear). 2CD, Ondine
 2015 <mask> Kutavičius The Seasons: Oratorio. CD, Toccata Classics. Film scores
Film score by Kutavičius include:
 1978 – , cond. 1978 – , cond.1979 – , cond. 1980 – , cond. 1980 – , cond. Araminas
 1982 – , cond. 1983 – , cond. Vabalas
 1988 – , cond. Lukšas
 1988 – , cond.1990 – , cond. Jonas Vaitkus
 1990 – , cond. Vabalas

Video

Awards
Kutavičius

masks: Bronius Bronius Bronius


title: Bronius Kutavičius

texts:
 received the   in 1987 and the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts in 1995. He was awarded the prize of the Probaltica Festival in Toruń, Poland, in 1996 for his life's work. He was honoured in 1999 by the Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas, and the Polish Officers Cross Order of Poland. In 2003, he was induced in the . Prizes from the Lithuanian Composers' Union included a prize for the best stage work for Ignis et fides in 2003, a prize for the best chamber work for the cello octet Andata e ritorno in 2008, and another prize for best stage work for his music for Carl Theodor Dreyer's silent film The Passion of Joan of Arc in 2010.He  received the prize of the World Intellectual Property Organization in 2003, and a prize "Author of the Year" from the Agency of Lithuanian Copyright Protection Association in 2004. References

Further reading
 Raminta Lampsatis: <mask> Kutavičius: A Music of Signs and Changes. Publisher: Vaga. 1998, Vilnius. <mask> Kutavičius bibliography (editions in various languages, mainly Lithuanian) Panevėžys County Petkevičaitė-Bitė Public Library

External links
 <mask> Kutavičius page on MICL site
 Work list sikorski.de

1932 births
2021 deaths
People from Panevėžys District Municipality
Lithuanian composers
Lithuanian classical composers
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
Lithuanian opera composers
Recipients of the Lithuanian National Prize
Male classical composers
20th-century male


title: Charles Pitts (broadcaster)

texts:
<mask> (1941–2015) was an American gay activist and radio personality. He co-hosted The New Symposium on New York City's WBAI from 1968 to 1969, the first weekly public radio program to offer an affirming discussion of homosexuality by openly gay hosts. After the Stonewall Riots, he co-founded the Gay Liberation Front in New York City and continued his audio activism through the program Homosexual News. From 1971 to 1973, his weekly WBAI show Out of the Slough broke barriers as the first freeform radio show centered on gay politics and culture. Early life and family

<mask> was born on July 24, 1941, in Jamestown, New York. His childhood home was at 509 Lakeview Avenue in Jamestown. His father, George B<mask>, Jr. (1905–1997), ran Pitts Home and Garden, a home and hardware store inherited from his father.As a young man, he had been enrolled as a student of philosophy and religion at the University of Chicago, intending to become a minister or social worker, before a family crisis forced him to return to Jamestown. Driven by a social conscience, he integrated his company's workforce, introduced an innovative profit-sharing plan for his employees, and helped create the local community college. <mask> recalled him as a loving, well-intentioned man who provided for his family despite his life's disappointments, and who attempted to love and accept his son while unable to understand his homosexuality and unconventional life. His mother <mask> (1911–2012), was born Frances Warrington Porter in Falconer, New York. After marrying George B<mask>, Jr. she also worked for Pitts Home and Garden, and later in life was involved in founding the Bioregional Conservancy and Reclamation Trust in Maine. Frances and <mask> had four children, including <mask>, his sisters Mary and Martha, and his brother Robert. As a student at Jamestown High School, <mask> already exhibited many of the interests that he would maintain throughout his lifetime.While an

masks:
Charles Pitts
Charles Pitts
. Pitts
Charles
Frances Pitts
. Pitts
George Pitts
Charles
Charles Pitts


title: Charles Pitts (broadcaster)

texts:
 honor roll student, he found time to explore many hobbies and passions; he participated in the “Lyceum” debating society, served on the editorial committee of the school yearbook, was a school PA announcer, and held the vice president role in the Radio Club. He participated in a group of students that produced a radio program broadcast weekly on local FM stations. A yearbook caption identified him as a “hard worker” with “original ideas,” interested in photography and radio electronics. After high school, Pitts was briefly confined in a psychiatric unit at Gowanda State Hospital, related to his homosexuality. After emerging from the hospital, he began to publicly acknowledge his sexuality to his family and others. Early career

In the early 1960s, <mask> attended Jamestown Community College and worked at WJTN, the town's local radio station. He later studied at Alleghany College in Meadville, PA, where he hosted the college's program on a local radio station.Before moving to New York City, he held positions at several commercial radio stations around the state, including Rochester, Salamanca, and Olean. From 1965 to 1967 he worked for Cine Magnetics in Mamaroneck, NY, where he recorded audio soundtracks for sales presentations and teaching aids on 8-millimeter film, before moving to Manhattan. Move to New York City

In the mid-1960s, <mask> decided to move to New York City. A major impetus for his relocation was to seek treatment from psychotherapist C.A. Tripp, whose perspective that homosexuality constituted “a difference rather than an illness” promised a route towards a more affirming self-understanding. Tripp had worked under Dr. Alfred Kinsey studying human sexuality at the Kinsey Institute, became an advisor to the New York Mattachine Society, and would gain prominence as the author of The Homosexual Matrix, a controversial but influential 1975 book critiquing psychoanalytic perspectives on homosexuality and arguing in favor of

masks: Pitts Pitts


title: Charles Pitts (broadcaster)

texts:
 social acceptance of homosexuals. Upon arriving in Manhattan, Pitts met with Tripp, joined a therapy group of other gay men led by Wardell Pomeroy, and soon “developed a strong and positive gay identity and a deep anger at the cultural standards that for so long had kept him guilty and unhappy.” While exploring the city's gay world, Pitts also became an active participant in hippie and countercultural circles.During his early years in New York City, <mask> worked as a freelance sound engineer for a range of companies, including recording radio programs and commercials for Cinema Sound, Ltd. And museum and historical site tours for the Acoustiguide Corporation. He performed location dialog recording for various film projects, including the movies Greetings (1968), The Projectionist (1970), and Love and Kisses (1971). He also attended the Woodstock Festival in August 1969, where he worked as a sound engineer with a film crew documenting the performances. Their work would be released in the 1970 documentary film Woodstock; in addition to winning an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, the film also received a nomination for Best Sound. <mask> appears briefly at 13:40 in the later Woodstock Diary feature, recording the film sound. WBAI Radio and Gay Activism

As a lifelong radio enthusiast, <mask> quickly gravitated to WBAI upon moving to Manhattan, where he worked as an engineer and announcer off and on from 1967 to 1973. Longtime WBAI participant Steve Post recalled that Pitts simply wandered into the studio at some point, announcing his intention to volunteer, and by persistently showing up and taking on tasks had managed to secure engineering and announcing roles at the station.At WBAI, Pitts interacted with a range of countercultural and New Left radicals, whose convictions that “individuals could revolutionize society by thinking and acting in new ways” helped to bolster his determination to live openly as a gay man. His

masks: Pitts Charles Pitts


title: Charles Pitts (broadcaster)

texts:
 participation in community radio fed directly into his activism in the emerging gay liberation movement. In 1968, Pitts along with Baird Searles, Bill Weaver, and other gay men launched a weekly radio program on WBAI called “The New Symposium.” The program's stated goal was “inspiring a sense of social identification within our subculture.” In contrast to the standard practice of a previous generation of homophile activists who wrote and spoke publicly using pseudonyms, all of the gay men who participated in “The New Symposium” used their legal names. The thirty minute shows featured discussions between the hosts, invited guests, and callers, exploring a wide range of themes relevant to gay men and lesbians. Topics included couples and relationships, the leather scene, physique magazines, gay and lesbian youth, employment, hustlers, cruising, homosexuality in literature, anti-gay violence, and religion. The show became famous in the New York City area gay community, recognized by listeners for the openness of its hosts and its candid conversation on controversial topics that had rarely, if ever, been discussed in public media before. Founding of the Gay Liberation Front

As historian David Carter notes, “<mask>’s position as an openly gay radio personality positioned him to take action in the immediate aftermath of the Stonewall Riots.” Shortly after the riots had taken place, SDS activist Bill Katzenberg contacted Pitts, suggesting that the two discuss creating a radical gay organization.The two arranged to meet, and Pitts invited Pete Wilson, an activist with the New York City Sexual Freedom League and a frequent guest on "The New Symposium." During their meeting, Pitts came up with the slogan that would appear on the flyer promoting the new organization: “Do you think homosexuals are revolting? You bet your sweet ass we are!”

Before the riots, Katzenberg and fellow gay New Left activist John O’Brien had already reserved space at


title: Charles Pitts (broadcaster)

texts:
 acknowledging his homosexuality but before actually meeting other gay people, he learned about gay life and politics by listening to Pitts’ show on WBAI. Victor Patin began listening to “Out of the Slough” in eleventh grade, and described how his life was profoundly changed by having Pitts “with me, guiding me, giving me strength” through his voice and the voices of the other gay young people who called and wrote in to the show. R. Paul Martin, host of WBAI's free-form “Back of the Book” radio show, described his importance for the gay community: “By the ‘70s and ‘80s the number of gay men who acknowledged having been educated about gay male life and issues by <mask>s’ broadcasts was astounding.”

In May 1973, <mask> was again fired by WBAI manager Jerry Coffin. While he would continue to spend time at the WBAI studio and appeared as a guest on other shows, he would not host his own program on the station again. Beating and Recovery

Around 4:30 AM on February 18th, 1978, Pitts was violently attacked by a stranger while waiting for a cab home in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. After spending the evening at a gay leather bar and then eating at an all-night restaurant, he was walking on 22nd Street towards 10th Avenue when an unknown man accosted him and began hitting him. Pitts did not fight back, but attempted to call for help.The attacker eventually began to walk away, but when Pitts attempted to reach a telephone booth to call for help, the man returned and resumed beating him. He lost consciousness, and was eventually transported to St. Vincent’s Hospital by a police officer, where he awoke in the emergency room. The motivation for the attack was unknown. While the attacker did not use any verbal anti-gay slurs, Pitts understood the assault within the broader context of a wave of anti-gay violence taking place in New York City at the time. As he explained in a radio interview a month after the attack, “My getting beaten up

masks:
Charles Pitt
Charles Pitts


title: Charles Pitts (broadcaster)

texts:
 was necessary for society to continue as it is now; whoever beat me up was also playing his part. These things are necessary in order to continue the oppression of homosexuals.”

Pitts’ injuries were severe, including a splintered nose, a jaw broken in several places that had to be wired together, orbital fractures around the eyes, and major swelling to his head. The damage required a week of recovery at St. Vincent's, followed by a two-week stay at Bellevue where he underwent five hours of plastic surgery.Over the course of the year he underwent five different reconstructive operations, spending 48 days in hospitals. Recovery proceeded slowly, requiring a long regimen of pain medication; he would suffer from chronic pain as a result of his injuries for years. Later life

<mask> continued to work in commercial radio through much of his time in New York City. He served as a Production Engineer at WNCN-FM from 1976 to 1991. In addition to his work miking, recording, editing, and mixing, he wrote a computer program called “Sked” to facilitate scheduling feature broadcasts. His commercial work garnered recognition through several industry awards, including sharing a Peabody Award and a Major Armstrong Award for his work on the program “Conversations with Horowitz,” and another Peabody Award for “New York City Musicbox.” In 1994, he began working at as a production engineer at WQXR until his retirement. <mask> died on May 21, 2015 from lung disease.Social and Political Beliefs

Sexual Freedom

Historian Toby Marotta notes that Pitts marked an exception from the norm among early Gay Liberation Front activists, who had become politicized within the New Left and generally lacked a “strong and positive sense of identification with the gay subculture.” By contrast, Pitts and a few others were “self-taught radicals with strong libertarian biases and little experience in the organized Movement,” which informed his divergent perspective from the


title: Charles Pitts (broadcaster)

texts:
 early 1980s, Pitts had become involved in the Libertarian Party. See also

List of LGBT rights activists
Gay Liberation
WBAI
Freeform radio
Gay Liberation Front

References

Further reading

External links
“The New Symposium: The Homosexual.” Listing of episodes from "The New Symposium," 1968–9, from Pacifica Radio Archives
“Stonewall 50—Episode 1: Prelude to a Riot.” Episode of Making Gay History podcast, featuring excerpts from Pitts and “The New Symposium”
. Contains March 31, 1978 WBAI interview with Pitts
“Interview with a Hustler.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally airing September 30, 1968, hosted by <mask>s
“Violence in the Homosexual World.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired November 6, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-hosts Baird Searles and Kermit Lamb and guest Bob Milne from the Mattachine Society of New York
“The Young Lesbian.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired August 21, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-host Barbara Gittings and guests Donna and Kelly
“Homosexual Meeting Places.” Episode of “The New Symposium,” originally aired August 28, 1968, featuring Pitts along with co-hosts Kermit Lamb, Dell Tyson, Leon Smith, and Louis Maleta and guest Craig Rodwell
“Gay Liberation Front at Alternate U,” from the NYC LGBT Historic Sites Project
“<mask> Pitts: Filmography” from the British Film Institute
“GLF meeting, WBAI forum on gay liberation.” Photographs by Diana Davies from the New York Public Library’s Digital Collections. Includes several images of Pitts, who served as radio engineer during this 1970 event. 1941 births
American talk radio hosts
20th-century American journalists
21st-century American journalists
LGBT rights activists from the United States
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City
LGBT broadcasters from the United States
LGBT journalists from the United States
LGBT people from New York (state)
Gay Liberation Front members
2015

masks:
Charles Pitt
Charles


title: Igor Denisov

texts:
<mask> (; born 17 May 1984) is a Russian former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. <mask> progressed through the youth ranks at Zenit and after making his debut for the senior team in 2002 has since played his entire club career for the St. Petersburg outfit up until his transfer to Anzhi in 2013. He made his debut for Russia in 2008, going on to feature at Euro 2012 and the 2014 World Cup. He has been the subject of controversy, courting numerous arguments at the club and international level during his professional career. Club career

Zenit

<mask> was born in St. Petersburg and started his footballing career with Turbostroitel before going to Smena, the youth team of Zenit. <mask> signed his first professional contract with Zenit, St. Petersburg's only professional team, after graduating school in 2002. At the age of 18, <mask> made his debut for Zenit in a league match against CSKA Moscow in 2002.He made his breakthrough with the club the following year, scoring twice in 19 appearances. Under Dutch manager Dick Advocaat, <mask> blossomed as a player, developing into an advanced midfield role behind Andrey Arshavin and Aleksandr Kerzhakov, becoming an influential member of the Zenit squad that won their first Russian Premier League title in 2007. On 3 April 2008, <mask> scored Zenit's fourth goal in their 4–1 first leg defeat of Bayer Leverkusen in the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup match at the BayArena. <mask>'s performances helped Zenit reach the final against Scottish side Rangers on 15 May, after defeating Bayern Munich 5–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals. In the final, <mask> played the full ninety minutes and opened the scoring in the 72nd minute after being played in by winger Andrei Arshavin. Zenit went on to win the match 2–0 and lift the UEFA Cup for the first time in their history. In the resulting UEFA Super Cup, <mask> played the full ninety again, assisting Pavel Pogrebnyak's headed goal as Zenit upset English heavyweight Manchester United 2–1 on 29

masks:
Igor Vladimirovich Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
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Denisov
Denisov
Denisov


title: Igor Denisov

texts:
 August 2008.On 29 June 2010, <mask> extended his contract with Zenit for a further five years. Six months later, on 22 December, <mask> was voted by the fans as the club's "Player of the Year", beating out the likes of playmaker Danny and goalkeeper Vyacheslav Malafeev. On 27 October 2011, <mask> featured in his 300th competitive fixture for Zenit, in the 3–0 defeat of Volga, including 217 matches in the Premier League, 55 in European competition and 28 matches in domestic cup competitions. <mask> finished as runner up behind Malafeev as the club's MVP for the 2011–12 campaign, playing 57 games (starting all of them) whilst scoring one goal and providing eight assists. During the Russian Football Union awards ceremony on 26 May, <mask> was voted as the "Player of the Year" in the Russian Premier League and Zenit won five more club awards for 2011–12 including "Team of the Year." On 11 August 2012, <mask> provided two assists in Zenit's 5–0 defeat of Spartak Moscow. On 3 September, <mask> was voted as Zenit's "Player of the Month" for August after playing all five league games and providing those two assists.Three weeks later, <mask> was demoted to the reserve team for improper behavior according to the club. Following more than a month with the youth side, <mask> was reinstated to the senior squad and began training with them again on 1 November. He made his return to the first team a day later, coming on as a 58th-minute substitute for Viktor Fayzulin in Zenit's 2–1 defeat of FC Rostov. <mask>'s first full match since his return from exile with the youth team came on 6 November in a Champions League group game against RSC Anderlecht, playing the full ninety minutes in a 1–0 loss in Belgium. Anzhi
<mask> announced his move to Russian Premier League club Anzhi Makhachkala for a fee of 15 million euros on 21 June 2013. Dynamo Moscow
On 15 August 2013, <mask> moved along with fellow Anzhi players Yuriy Zhirkov and Aleksandr Kokorin to FC Dynamo for an undisclosed fee. <mask> played in only

masks: Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov


title: Igor Denisov

texts:
 three matches for Anzhi before the cash-strapped club began to sell its players.In April 2015, <mask> was put up for sale by Dynamo and told to train on his own for insulting head coach Stanislav Cherchesov. He returned to Dynamo's lineup in July 2015, after Cherchesov was dismissed as Dynamo's manager and replaced by Andrey Kobelev. Lokomotiv Moscow
On 31 August 2016, he moved on loan to FC Lokomotiv Moscow for the remainder of the 2016–17 season. On 2 February 2017, he signed a permanent deal with Lokomotiv that started at the end of the season upon the expiration of his Dynamo contract. On 27 May 2019, he left Lokomotiv by mutual consent. On 29 May 2019, he announced through his lawyers that he retired from playing. International career
<mask> first featured in the Russian national set up, representing the Under-19 side against Denmark in the second qualifying round for the 2003 UEFA U-19 European Championships.He then went on to captain the Russia U-21 team. <mask> trained with Russia in 2005 but did not get into the team. After a good run of performances at the club level with Zenit, many sports journalists called for <mask> to be included in the squad for the European Championships in 2008, but he did not make the initial squad and later refused to be called up for the provisional 25-man squad of players after a number of injuries. <mask> made his debut for Russia on 11 October 2008 in a FIFA World Cup 2010 qualifier against Germany, a 2–1 loss at Signal Iduna Park in Dortmund. He was confirmed for the finalized UEFA Euro 2012 squad on 25 May 2012. He featured in all three Group A matches, as Russia picked up four points but ultimately failed to qualify for the knockout stage due to their head-to-head record with Greece. On 7 September 2012, <mask> was appointed by new Russia manager Fabio Capello as the captain of the national team in the wake of Andrei Arshavin's absence.On 2 June 2014, he was included in Russia's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad. On 6 June 2016, <mask> was ruled out of

masks: Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov


title: Igor Denisov

texts:
 Euro 2016 with a thigh injury. Controversies
Throughout his career, <mask> has earned a reputation for poor behavior both at the club level with Zenit and at the international level with Russia. In the run up to the European Championships in 2008, <mask> was left out of the original 23-man squad by then manager Guus Hiddink; <mask> was called into the squad after a number of injuries but took umbrage and refused to play as Russia reached the semi-finals losing to eventual champions Spain. In August 2010, he was involved in a road rage incident, where he fought a driving instructor after the learner driver in the instructor's car almost collided with <mask>'s SUV. <mask> injured his foot in the incident and broke the instructor's nose. The instructor refused to press charges.In September 2010, <mask> was involved in a training ground bust up with coach Vladislav Radimov, the argument escalated from a call Radimov made in a practice game and reports claim that <mask> was readying to punch Radimov before teammates physically stopped him. Two months later in a match against Spartak Moscow, <mask> verbally abused Spartak's manager Valery Karpin, subsequently leading to a brawl with both sets of players and a four match ban for the combative midfielder. On 22 September 2012, <mask> was left off the teamsheet for Zenit's 2–2 away draw with Krylya Sovetov. The following day, the club issued a statement that read, "The decision to send <mask> to the youth team for an indefinite period... is connected to the fact that the player issued an ultimatum, refusing to take to the field against Krylya Sovetov after demanding a renegotiation of his contract." According to the Zenit website, <mask>'s current contract runs to 2015 and that he is one of the highest earners in all of the Russian Premier League. Media speculation reported that this pay strike was a result of Zenit's overhaul in the transfer market, bringing in Axel Witsel and Hulk on big contracts and in combined deals worth over $130 million.

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Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Denisov
Igor Denisov
Denisov


title: Igor Denisov

texts:
 <mask> replied in an interview with Sport Express, stating that his stand-off with club management was over "The proper organisation of the team.And respect for the Russian players which Zenit has always relied upon." Two months after his protest, <mask> released a statement, telling the media that he was finished protesting over his pay strike and has apologised not only to the club but also to the fans, as he was wrong to walk out on the club. On 7 April 2015, he was removed from training with the main Dynamo Moscow squad and transfer-listed by the team for "interfering with the work of the head coach" Stanislav Cherchesov. In November 2015, he was again moved to Dynamo's reserves squad by the new manager Andrey Kobelev after <mask> demanded that the club management fire the club's doctor whom <mask> called incompetent. On 16 April 2018, he was fined 1 million rubles by his club Lokomotiv Moscow for insulting a doping control official during a test. Personal life
<mask> and his wife Elena have four children: Viktoria, born in 2005, <mask> Jnr., born in 2008, and twin sons Ivan and Daniil who were born on 18 December 2011. He owns two South African pitbulls and is known in Russia as being a very good chess player and for never giving interviews to reporters.Career statistics

Club

Notes

Honours
Zenit Saint Petersburg
Russian Premier League: 2007, 2010, 2011–12
Russian Cup: 2009–10
Russian Super Cup: 2008, 2011
Russian Premier League Cup: 2003
UEFA Cup: 2007–08
UEFA Super Cup: 2008

Lokomotiv Moscow
Russian Premier League: 2017–18
Russian Cup: 2016–17, 2018–19

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
Russian footballers
Russia international footballers
FC Zenit Saint Petersburg players
UEFA Cup winning players
FC Anzhi Makhachkala players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
Association football midfielders
Russian Premier League players
Footballers from Saint Petersburg
UEFA Euro 2012 players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Russia under-21 international

masks: Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Denisov Igor


title: Walter Mondale

texts: <mask>Fritz" <mask> (January 5, 1928 – April 19, 2021) was an American lawyer and politician who served as the 42nd vice president of the United States from 1977 to 1981 under President Jimmy Carter. A U.S. senator from Minnesota from 1964 to 1976, he was the Democratic Party's nominee in the 1984 presidential election, but lost to incumbent Ronald Reagan in an Electoral College and popular vote landslide. Reagan won 49 states while <mask> carried his home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia. His vice presidential nominee, U.S. Representative Geraldine Ferraro from New York, was the first female vice-presidential nominee of any major party in U.S. history. <mask> was born in Ceylon, Minnesota, and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1951 after attending Macalester College. He then served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War before earning a law degree in 1956. He married Joan Adams in 1955.Working as a lawyer in Minneapolis, <mask> was appointed Minnesota Attorney General in 1960 by Governor Orville Freeman and was elected to a full term as attorney general in 1962 with 60% of the vote. He was appointed to the U.S. Senate by Governor Karl Rolvaag upon the resignation of Senator Hubert Humphrey following Humphrey's election as vice president in 1964. <mask> was elected to a full Senate term in 1966 and reelected in 1972, resigning in 1976 as he prepared to succeed to the vice presidency in 1977. While in the Senate, he supported consumer protection, fair housing, tax reform and the desegregation of schools; he served on the Church Committee. In 1976, Jimmy Carter, the Democratic presidential nominee, chose <mask> as his vice-presidential running mate. The Carter–Mondale ticket defeated incumbent president Gerald Ford and his running mate, Bob Dole. Carter and Mondale's time in office was marred by a worsening economy and they lost the 1980 election to Republicans Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.In 1984, <mask> won the Democratic presidential nomination and campaigned for a nuclear freeze, the Equal Rights Amendment, an increase in taxes, and a reduction of U.S. public

masks:
Walter Frederick "
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale


title: Walter Mondale

texts:
 debt. <mask> and Ferraro lost the election to the incumbents Reagan and Bush. After his defeat, <mask> joined the Minnesota-based law firm Dorsey & Whitney and the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs (1986–1993). President Bill Clinton appointed <mask> U.S. Ambassador to Japan in 1993; he retired from that post in 1996. In 2002, <mask> became the last-minute choice of the Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party to run for Senate after Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone died in a plane crash less than two weeks before the election. <mask> narrowly lost the race to Saint Paul mayor Norm Coleman.He then returned to working at Dorsey & Whitney and remained active in the Democratic Party. <mask> later took up a part-time teaching position at the University of Minnesota's Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on January 5, 1928, in Ceylon, Minnesota, to Theodore Sigvaard <mask>, a Methodist minister, and Claribel Hope (née Cowan), a part-time music teacher. <mask>'s half-brother <mask> became a Unitarian minister. <mask> also has two brothers, Clarence, known as Pete (1926–2014), and William, known as Mort. His paternal grandparents were Norwegian immigrants, with some distant German ancestry. <mask>'s paternal grandfather Frederik Mundal had emigrated from Norway with his family in 1856, eventually settling in southern Minnesota in 1864.The surname "<mask>" comes from Mundal, a valley and town in the Fjærland region of Norway. His mother was born in Iowa, the daughter of an immigrant father, Robert Cowan, who was born in Seaforth, Ontario; she was of Scottish and English descent. Due to the Great Depression, <mask> grew up in poverty. His family moved from Ceylon to Blue Lake in 1934, and to Elmore in 1937. Throughout his youth, <mask> was influenced heavily by his father's religious beliefs, being in favour of the civil rights movement. In 1948, his father died of a stroke. <mask> attended public schools and then Macalester College for two years before transferring to the University of Minnesota, from which he graduated cum laude with a

masks:
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Walter Frederick
Mondale
Mondale
Walter
Lester Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale
Mondale


title: Walter Mondale

texts:
 Bachelor of Arts degree in political science in 1951.As <mask> could not afford to attend law school, he enlisted in the United States Army in 1951, shortly after graduating. He served at Fort Knox during the Korean War, first as an armored reconnaissance vehicle crewman, and later as an education programs specialist. He attained the rank of corporal and was discharged in 1953. <mask> enrolled at the University of Minnesota Law School, aided by the G.I. Bill, and graduated cum laude with a Bachelor of Laws in 1956. In law school, he served on the Minnesota Law Review and as a law clerk for Minnesota Supreme Court Justice Thomas F. Gallagher. In 1955, <mask> married Joan Adams, whom he met on a blind date.He then practiced law in Minneapolis for four years before entering politics. Entry into politics
<mask> became involved in national politics in the 1940s. At age 20, he was visible in Minnesota politics by helping organize Hubert Humphrey's successful Senate campaign in 1948. Humphrey's campaign assigned <mask> to cover the staunchly Republican 2nd district. <mask>, who had grown up in the region, was able to win the district for Humphrey by a comfortable margin. After working with Humphrey, <mask> went on to work on several campaigns for Orville Freeman. <mask> worked on Freeman's unsuccessful 1952 campaign for the governorship as well as his successful campaign in 1954 and his 1958 reelection campaign.In 1960, Freeman appointed Mondale Minnesota Attorney General following the resignation of Miles Lord. At the time he was appointed, <mask> was 32 years old and had been practicing law for four years. He was elected to the post in his own right in 1962. During his tenure as Minnesota Attorney General, the case Gideon v. Wainwright (which ultimately established the right of defendants in state courts to have a lawyer) was being heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. When those opposed to the right to counsel organized a friend of the court brief representing several state attorneys general for that position, <mask> organized a countering friend of the court brief from many more state attorneys general,

masks: Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale


title: Walter Mondale

texts:
 arguing that defendants must be allowed a lawyer. He also continued the investigation of former Minneapolis mayor Marvin L. Kline and the mismanagement of the Sister Kenny Foundation. At the 1964 Democratic National Convention, <mask> played a major role in the proposed but ultimately unsuccessful compromise by which the national Democratic Party offered the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party two at-large seats.<mask> also served as a member of the President's Consumer Advisory Council from 1960 to 1964. U.S. Senator

On December 30, 1964, Minnesota Governor Karl Rolvaag appointed <mask> to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy created by Hubert Humphrey's resignation; Humphrey had stepped down after being elected Vice President of the United States. <mask> was elected to the Senate for the first time in 1966, defeating Republican candidate Robert A. Forsythe by a margin of 53.9% to 45.2%. In 1972, Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern offered <mask> an opportunity to be his vice-presidential running mate. <mask> declined. That year, <mask> was re-elected to the Senate with over 57% of the vote, even as Republican President Richard Nixon carried Minnesota.He served in the 88th, 89th, 90th, 91st, 92nd, 93rd, and 94th congresses. Policies
<mask> worked hard to build up the center of the party on economic and social issues. Unlike his father, a fervent liberal, he was not a crusader for the New Deal. Instead, he realized that the Democratic base (especially ethnic blue-collar workers) was gradually moving to the right, and he worked to keep their support. <mask> showed little or no interest in foreign policy until about 1974, when he realized that some foreign policy knowledge was necessary if he had loftier aspirations than the Senate. He developed a centrist position, avoiding alignment with either the party's hawks (such as Henry M. Jackson) or its doves (such as McGovern). <mask> took a liberal position on civil rights, which proved acceptable in Minnesota, a state with "a minuscule black population".<mask> was a chief sponsor of the federal Fair Housing Act, which

masks: Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale Mondale


title: Walter Mondale

texts:
 prohibits discrimination in housing and created HUD's Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity as the primary enforcer of the law. During Lyndon Johnson's presidency, <mask> supported the Vietnam War. After Nixon became president in 1969, <mask> began to oppose the war and participated in legislation to restrict Nixon's ability to prolong it. <mask> supported abortion rights. Committees
<mask> rotated on and off numerous committees, including the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee; the Finance Committee; the Labor and Public Welfare Committee; the Budget Committee; and the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee. He also served as chairman of the Select Committee on Equal Education Opportunity and the Intelligence Committee's Domestic Task Force. He additionally served as chairman of the Labor and Public Welfare Committee's subcommittee on Children and Youth and the Senate subcommittee on social security financing.In 1975, <mask> served on the Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, chaired by Idaho Senator Frank Church, that investigated alleged abuses by the Central Intelligence Agency and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Documents declassified in 2017 show that the National Security Agency had created a file on <mask> as part of its monitoring of prominent U.S. citizens whose names appeared in Signals intelligence. Apollo 1 accident (1967)
In 1967, <mask> served on the Aeronautical and Space Sciences Committee, then chaired by Clinton P. Anderson, when astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee were killed in a fire on January 27 while testing the Apollo 204 (later renumbered Apollo 1) spacecraft. NASA Administrator James E. Webb secured President Lyndon Johnson's approval for NASA to internally investigate the cause of the accident according to its established procedures, subject to Congressional oversight. NASA's procedure called for Deputy Administrator (and de facto general manager) Robert C. Seamans to appoint and oversee an investigative panel. In February, a reporter leaked to Mondale the existence of an

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title: Walter Mondale

texts: internal NASA report issued in 1965 by Apollo program director Samuel C. Phillips, detailing management, cost, delivery, and quality problems of the Apollo prime contractor North American Aviation. In the February 27 hearing, <mask> asked Webb if he knew of such a report.Webb had not yet seen the December 1965 written report, so he responded in the negative. Seamans had passed along to Webb neither the written report nor the briefing presentation made to him in January 1966 by Phillips and Phillips's boss, Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller. Both Seamans and Mueller had also been called to testify at this session. Mueller denied the report's existence, though he must have been aware of it, as he had appended his own strongly worded letter to the copy sent to North American Aviation president Lee Atwood. Seamans was afraid <mask> might be in possession of a copy (he was not), so he admitted that NASA often reviewed its contractors' performance, with both positive and negative results, but claimed that was nothing extraordinary. Under repeated questioning from Mondale, Webb promised that he would investigate whether the "Phillips Report" existed, and if so, whether a controlled release could be made to Congress. Immediately after the hearing, Webb saw the Phillips report for the first time.The controversy spread to both houses of Congress and grew (through the efforts of <mask>'s fellow committee member, Republican Margaret Chase Smith to include the second-guessing of NASA's original selection in 1961 of North American as the prime Apollo spacecraft contractor, which Webb became forced to defend). The House NASA oversight committee, which was conducting its own hearings and had picked up on the controversy, was ultimately given a copy of the Phillips report. While the committee, as a whole, believed that NASA should have informed Congress of the Phillips review results in 1966, its final report issued on January 30, 1968 concluded (as had NASA's own accident investigation completed on April 5, 1967) that "the findings of the [Phillips] task force had no effect on the accident, did

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 not lead to the accident, and were not related to the accident". Yet <mask> wrote a minority opinion accusing NASA of "evasiveness,... lack of candor, ... patronizing attitude exhibited toward Congress, ... refusal to respond fully and forthrightly to legitimate congressional inquiries, and ... solicitous concern for corporate sensitivities at a time of national tragedy". <mask> explained his actions in a 2001 interview: "I think that by forcing a public confrontation about these heretofore secret and deep concerns about the safety and the management of the program, it forced NASA to restructure and reorganize the program in a way that was much safer." Vice Presidency (1977–1981)

When Jimmy Carter won the Democratic nomination for president in 1976, he chose <mask> as his running mate. <mask> campaigned for the ticket in various states.While campaigning in Toledo, Ohio he said that the country needed a strong president to stop inflation and added that President Gerald Ford did not have the guts to stand up to big businesses. The ticket was narrowly elected on November 2, 1976, and <mask> was inaugurated as Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1977. Under Carter, <mask> traveled extensively throughout the nation and the world advocating the administration's foreign policy. His travels also included a visit to the , which was on station at the time in the Indian Ocean, during the Iran hostage crisis. <mask> was the first vice president to have an office in the White House and established the concept of an "activist Vice President". He began the tradition of weekly lunches with the president, which continues to this day. More importantly, he expanded the vice president's role from figurehead to presidential advisor, full-time participant, and troubleshooter for the administration.Subsequent vice presidents have followed this model. In 1979, Twin Cities Public Television produced a documentary about his trip to Norway, titled <mask>: There's a Fjord in Your Past, a play on the well-known advertising slogan "There's a Ford in Your Future". <mask> cast one tie-breaking vote in the U.S.

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 Senate on November 4, 1977, allowing the Social Security financing bill to be passed. 1980 election

Carter and <mask> were renominated at the 1980 Democratic National Convention, but soundly lost to the Republican ticket of Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush. That year, <mask> opened the XIII Olympic Winter Games in Lake Placid, New York. Carter and <mask> were the longest-living post-presidential team in American history. On May 23, 2006, they had been out of office for 9,254 days (25 years, 4 months and 3 days), surpassing the former record established by President John Adams and Vice President Thomas Jefferson, both of whom died on July 4, 1826.On September 8, 2012, Carter surpassed Herbert Hoover as the president with the longest retirement from office. On April 23, 2014, <mask> surpassed Richard Nixon as the vice president with the longest retirement from office at 12,146 days (33 years, 3 months and 3 days). At the time of his death, <mask> was the oldest living U.S. vice president and Carter was (and remains) the oldest living U.S. president. Post-vice presidency (1981–2021)

1984 presidential campaign

After losing the 1980 election, <mask> returned briefly to the practice of law at Winston and Strawn, a large Chicago-based law firm, but he intended to return to politics before long. <mask> ran for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in the Democratic presidential primaries preceding the 1984 election, and was soon the front-runner. His opposition included Reverend Jesse Jackson and Senator Gary Hart from Colorado. Hart won the New Hampshire primary in March, but <mask> had much of the party leadership behind him.To great effect, <mask> used the Wendy's slogan "Where's the beef?" to describe Hart's policies as lacking depth. Jackson, widely regarded as the first serious African-American candidate for president, held on longer, but <mask> gained the nomination with the majority of delegates. At the Democratic National Convention, <mask> chose U.S. Representative Geraldine Ferraro from New York as his running mate, making her the first woman nominated for that position by a


title: Walter Mondale

texts: major party. Aides later said that <mask> was determined to make a historic choice with his vice presidential candidate, having considered San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein (female and Jewish); Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley, an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros, a Mexican American, as finalists. Others preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to the Deep South, or even nomination rival Gary Hart. Ferraro, as a Catholic, was criticized by some Catholic Church leaders for being pro-choice.Much more controversy erupted over her changing positions about the release of her husband's tax returns, and her own ethics record in the House. Ferraro was on the defensive throughout much of the campaign, largely negating her breakthrough as the first woman on a major national ticket. She was also the first Italian American to reach that level in American politics. When <mask> made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, he said: "By the end of my first term, I will reduce the Reagan budget deficit by two‑thirds. Let's tell the truth. It must be done, it must be done. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I.He won't tell you. I just did." While this was meant to show that <mask> would be honest with voters, it was instead largely interpreted as a campaign pledge to raise taxes to spend on domestic programs, which was unappealing to many voters. <mask> ran a liberal campaign, supporting a nuclear freeze and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). He spoke against Reagan's economic policies and in support of reducing federal budget deficits. But the incumbent was popular and <mask>'s campaign was widely considered ineffective. <mask> was also perceived as supporting the poor at the expense of the middle class.In the first televised debate, <mask> performed unexpectedly well, which led many to question Reagan's age and capacity to endure the grueling demands of the presidency (Reagan was the oldest person to serve as president—73 at the time—while <mask> was 56). In the next debate on October 21, 1984, Reagan deflected the issue by quipping, "I will not make age an

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 issue of this campaign. I am not going to exploit, for political purposes, my opponent's youth and inexperience." <mask> was defeated in a landslide, receiving 37,577,352 votes (40.6% of the popular vote), and winning only the District of Columbia and his home state of Minnesota (even there his margin of victory was fewer than 3,800 votes), securing only 13 electoral votes to Reagan's 525. The result was the worst electoral college defeat for any Democratic Party candidate in history, and the worst for any major-party candidate since Alf Landon's loss to Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1936. Private citizen and ambassador

<mask> returned to private law practice with Dorsey & Whitney in Minneapolis in 1987. From 1986 to 1993, he chaired the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs.During Bill Clinton's presidency, he was United States Ambassador to Japan from 1993 to 1996, chaired a bipartisan group to study campaign finance reform, and was Clinton's special envoy to Indonesia in 1998. Until his appointment as Ambassador to Japan, <mask> was a Distinguished University Fellow in Law and Public Affairs at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs at the University of Minnesota. In 1990, he established the Mondale Policy Forum at the Humphrey Institute. The forum has brought together leading scholars and policymakers for annual conferences on domestic and international issues. <mask> spoke before the U.S. Senate on September 4, 2002, delivering a lecture on his service, with commentary on the transformation of the office of the Vice President during the Carter administration, the Senate cloture rule for ending debate, and his view of the future of the Senate. The lecture was a part of a continuing Senate "Leaders Lecture Series" that ran from 1998 to 2002. 2002 U.S. Senate election and beyond

In 2002, Democratic Senator Paul Wellstone from Minnesota, who was running for reelection, died in a plane crash 11 days before the November 5 election.<mask> replaced Wellstone on the ballot at the urging of Wellstone's relatives. The Senate seat was the one <mask> had held before resigning

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 to become vice president in 1977. During his debate with the Republican nominee, former St. Paul Mayor Norm Coleman, <mask> emphasized his experience, while painting Coleman as right-wing partisan in-line with then-president Bush. <mask> unexpectedly lost the election, receiving 1,067,246 votes (47.34%) to Coleman's 1,116,697 (49.53%). Upon conceding defeat, <mask> said, "At the end of what will be my last campaign, I want to say to Minnesota, you always treated me well, you always listened to me." In 2004, <mask> became co-chairman of the Constitution Project's bipartisan Right to Counsel Committee. He endorsed Senator Hillary Clinton for president in 2008.On June 3, 2008, following the final primary contests, <mask> endorsed Senator Barack Obama, who had clinched the nomination the previous evening, and won the presidency. Following the presidential election of 2004 and the midterm elections of 2006, <mask> is seen talking with Al Franken about the possibility of the latter running against Coleman for Senate in 2008 in the documentary Al Franken: God Spoke. In the film, <mask> encourages Franken to run, but cautions him, saying that Coleman's allies and the Republican Party would look for anything they could use against him. Franken ultimately ran and won the 2008 Senate election by 312 votes, with Coleman contesting the election results until June 30, 2009. <mask> and Senator Amy Klobuchar stood with Franken in the United States Senate chamber when Franken was sworn in on July 7, 2009. <mask> then stood again with Senator Amy Klobuchar when Tina Smith was sworn in on January 3, 2018. He endorsed Klobuchar for president in February 2019.Family and personal life

<mask>'s wife, <mask>, was a national advocate for the arts and was the Honorary Chairman of the Federal Council on the Arts and Humanities during the Carter Administration. On February 3, 2014, she died at a hospice in Minneapolis surrounded by family members. The <mask>s' eldest son, Ted, is an entrepreneur and the CEO of Nazca Solutions, a technology fulfillment venture. He is also a former Minnesota state senator. In 1998, <mask>

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title: Walter Mondale

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 unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for Minnesota governor, running as a fiscal moderate who had distanced himself from labor. The Mondales' daughter, Eleanor, was a television personality. She also had radio talk shows in Chicago and a long-running program on WCCO (AM) in Minneapolis.She died of brain cancer at her home in Minnesota on September 17, 2011, at age 51. Their younger son, William Hall <mask>, is a former assistant Attorney General of Minnesota. <mask> had a residence near Lake of the Isles in Minneapolis. He was a Presbyterian. He enjoyed fishing, reading Shakespeare and historical accounts, barbecuing, skiing, watching Monty Python, and playing tennis. <mask> was the recipient of numerous distinctions. He was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa as an honoris causa initiate at the University of South Carolina in 1981.<mask> also maintained strong ties to the University of Minnesota Law School. In 2002 the school renamed its building <mask> F. Mondale Hall. <mask> contributed cameo appearances to the law school's annual T.O.R.T. ("Theater of the Relatively Talentless") productions and allowed his name to be used as the nickname of the school's hockey team: the "Fighting Mondales". <mask> had deep connections to his ancestral Norway. Upon entering the Senate in 1964, he took over the seat of vice president Hubert Humphrey, another Norwegian-American. In later years, <mask> served on the executive committee of the Peace Prize Forum, an annual conference co-sponsored by the Norwegian Nobel Institute.On December 5, 2007, Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs Jonas Gahr Støre announced that <mask> would be named Honorary Consul-General of Norway, representing the Norwegian state in Minnesota. In 2015, <mask> was awarded the Public Leadership in Neurology Award from the American Academy of Neurology for raising awareness for brain health, having lost both his wife and daughter to brain diseases. Death

<mask> died of natural causes in his sleep at his home in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on April 19, 2021, at the age of 93. The day before his death, he had several phone

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 conversations with Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, Joe Biden, Kamala Harris, and Minnesota governor Tim Walz. <mask> also emailed a final message to his staff, as he and his family had come to the conclusion that "his death was imminent". At the time of his death, <mask> was the oldest living former U.S. vice president, his place being taken by Dick Cheney. Carter said in a statement: "Today I mourn the passing of my dear friend <mask>, who I consider the best vice president in our country's history [...] Rosalynn and I join all Americans in giving thanks for his exemplary life, and we extend our deepest condolences to his family."Carter had last seen <mask> in person at the Carter Center in June 2019. President Biden gave tribute to <mask> in a public statement, calling <mask> a "dear friend and mentor" that had "defined the vice presidency as a full partnership, and helped provide a model for my service." On April 20, 2021, Biden ordered all flags at government properties, office buildings and public grounds to be flown at half-staff until that Tuesday evening in honor of <mask>. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, funeral services for <mask> were delayed. Two public services were planned for September 2021, one in his home state of Minnesota and the other in Washington D.C.; both were later postponed. Electoral history

Records
In the "Walter F. Mondale Papers" at the Minnesota Historical Society, digital content is available for research use. Contents include speech files, handwritten notes, memoranda, annotated briefings, schedules, correspondence, and visual materials.The collection includes senatorial, vice presidential, ambassadorial, political papers and campaign files, and personal papers documenting most aspects of <mask>'s 60‑year-long career, including all of his public offices, campaigns, and Democratic Party and other non-official activities. The University of Minnesota Law Library's Walter F. Mondale website is devoted to <mask>'s senatorial career. <mask>'s work is documented in full text access to selected proceedings and debates on the floor of the Senate as recorded in the

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title: Martin Hannett

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<mask> (31 May 1948 – 18 April 1991), initially credited as <mask>, was an English record producer, musician and an original partner/director at Tony Wilson's Factory Records. <mask> produced albums by artists including Joy Division, the Durutti Column, Magazine, John Cooper Clarke, New Order, Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark and Happy Mondays. His distinctive production style used unorthodox sound recording and technology and has been described as sparse, spatial, and cavernous. Early life
Born in Manchester, England, <mask> was raised in a working class, Catholic family in Miles Platting, Manchester; he attended Corpus Christi school and Xaverian College in Rusholme. In 1967, he went to the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), where he earned a degree in chemistry but chose not to pursue the profession. Career
<mask>'s uncle was a bass player and gave his nephew a bass guitar when he was 14. <mask> played bass with Spider Mike King and as member in a band called Paradox, in 1973, alongside Paul Young, later of Sad Café and Mike + The Mechanics.<mask>'s production work began with the animation film soundtrack All Kinds of Heroes, written by Steve Hopkins (with whom <mask> later worked again). By this time, he also began to mix live sound at pub gigs. Other early production works included Greasy Bear material, Belt & Braces Road Show Band's eponymous album in 1975 and five songs from Pete Farrow's repertoire recorded at Pennine Studios, Oldham, later included on Farrow's compilation album Who Says There's No Beach in Stockport. He attracted more musical attention in 1977, when, as <mask>, he produced the first independent punk record, Buzzcocks' Spiral

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title: Martin Hannett

texts: Scratch EP. Under the same moniker he produced early records by punk poet John Cooper Clarke, whose Salford monotone was complemented by drum machines, simple synthesiser motifs and <mask>'s bass playing. Jilted John's first single (titled "Jilted John") was <mask>'s first hit single. <mask> became closely associated with Joy Division; his production incorporated looping technology to treat musical notes with an array of filters, echoes and delays.<mask> had a collection of BBD echo devices which he called his "bluetop echo and delay boxes". The Cargo Recording Studios in Rochdale were used for the recording of Digital, Glass, Atmosphere, Dead Souls and Ice Age. <mask>'s unorthodox production methods resulted in drum sounds mixed with synthesisers that were complex and highly distinctive. According to <mask>: "There was a lot of space in [Joy Division's] sound. They were a gift to a producer, because they didn't have a clue. They didn't argue. A Factory Sample was the first thing I did with them.I think I'd had the new AMS delay line for about two weeks. It was called 'Digital'. It was heaven sent." <mask> produced U2's first international single, "11 O'Clock Tick Tock", which was released in May 1980. He was set to produce their debut album, Boy, but after the suicide of Joy Division singer Ian Curtis, <mask> was too distraught to work and backed out. A rift developed with Factory and he sued them in 1982 over various financial matters. The dispute was eventually settled out of court; the lawsuit is listed as part of the Factory Records catalogue as FAC61.When <mask> returned to produce the Happy Mondays he worked as a freelance producer and was not reinstated as a Factory director.

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title: Martin Hannett

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 Personal life and death

Susanne O'Hara was <mask>'s girlfriend from 1972 until 1984. They lived together from 1975 in Chorlton and Didsbury, in Manchester. O'Hara worked with <mask> at Music Force, a musicians' cooperative in Manchester, until it closed when <mask>'s production career began to develop, around 1979. After Factory, <mask>'s career declined due to his heavy use of alcohol and drugs, especially heroin; his weight eventually reached 26 stone (165 kilograms, 364 pounds). <mask> died on 18 April 1991 at the age of 42 in Manchester, as a result of heart failure. He was survived by his wife Wendy, son James and stepdaughter Tania.His headstone at Southern Cemetery, Manchester pays him tribute as the creator of "The Manchester Sound". Legacy
A film documentary about <mask>'s life was released on DVD on the 23rd anniversary of his death on 10 April 2014. A book was released the same day, <mask> – Pleasures of the Unknown by Chris Hewitt. Another book by Hewitt, <mask>, His Equipment and Strawberry Studios, was published on 26 January 2016 to coincide with the 50th anniversary of Strawberry Recording Studios. Several weeks after his death, Factory Records released "Martin: The Work of <mask>" (FACT325) as a tribute. <mask> was portrayed by Andy Serkis in the 2002 film 24 Hour Party People, which was based on Tony Wilson's career as the co-founder of Factory Records and The Haçienda nightclub. In the DVD commentary, Wilson notes a review that described <mask> as Serkis' "strangest role" and points out that Serkis is best known for his portrayal of Gollum in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy.Wilson concludes that the reviewer's implication is correct, that indeed, <mask>

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 was far stranger than the Lord of the Rings character. <mask> was portrayed by Ben Naylor in Anton Corbijn's film Control (2007). Selected discography

Albums produced

 Belt & Braces Road Show Band – Belt & Braces Road Show Band LP 1975 private pressing – rare- tracks issued on Hannett Maverick Producer compilation CD
 Pete Farrow, Who Says There's No Beach in Stockport? recorded 1977 issued 2001 on CD by Ozit Morpheus and on Maverick Producer Hannett compilation CD
 John Cooper Clarke – Disguise in Love 1978
 Jilted John – True Love Stories 1978
 The Durutti Column – The Return of the Durutti Column 1979
 Joy Division – Unknown Pleasures 1979
 Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls – Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls 1979
 Basement 5 – 1965–1980 and In Dub 1980
 John Cooper Clarke – Snap, Crackle & Bop 1980
 Joy Division – Closer 1980
 Magazine – The Correct Use of Soap 1980
 The Psychedelic Furs – The Psychedelic Furs 1980 (songs "Susan's Strange" and "Soap Commercial")
 Various Artists - A Factory Quartet 1980 - Three tracks by The Durutti Column and six by The Royal Family and the Poor. The work of record producer <mask>
  <mask> explaining his production of Pauline Murray and the Invisible Girls' "The Visitor" song. A page about working with <mask> in the early 1980s

1948 births
1991 deaths
Alumni of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology
Buzzcocks
English record producers
English male guitarists
Male bass guitarists
English new wave musicians
People from Miles Platting
Factory Records artists
Factory Records
20th-century English musicians
20th-century English bass guitarists
20th-century British male musicians
Burials at Southern Cemetery,

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title: Mohammed Fahim

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<mask> (, also known as "<mask>"; 1957 – 9 March 2014) was a politician in Afghanistan who served as Vice President from June 2002 until December 2004 and from November 2009 until his death. Between September 2001 and December 2004, he also served as Defense Minister under the Afghan Transitional Administration. As military commander of the Northern Alliance, Fahim captured the Afghan capital Kabul in the fall of 2001 from the Taliban government. In 2004, President Hamid Karzai provided Fahim the honorary title Marshal and a year later, he became member of the House of Elders. He later became a recipient of the Ahmad Shah Baba Medal. Fahim was a member of Afghanistan's Tajik ethnic group. He was affiliated with the Jamiat Islami (Shura-e Nazar) party of Afghanistan.Early years
<mask> was born in Omarz, a small village in the Panjshir Province of Afghanistan. He was the son of Qala Dar from the Panjshir Valley. He is reported to have finished his studies in Islamic Sharia law at an Arabic institute in Kabul in 1977. Most reports show that he had been fighting the Communist rulers since the late 70s. A TOLOnews video chronicling his life reports that Fahim joined the Muslim Youth Movement of Afghanistan while he was still in college. He fled Afghanistan after the Communist coup of 1978, he became a refugee in Peshawar. He returned to Panjshir and began to work under Commander Ahmad Shah Masood.Careers
When the Soviet-backed Afghan government collapsed in 1992, Fahim became a key member in the new government. He was appointed head of the Afghan intellgicence service KHAD, under interim president Sibghatullah Mojaddedi. He continued to serve as the country's head of intelligence under president Burhanuddin Rabbani. In 1996, Fahim personally offered to evacuate former President Mohammad Najibullah, then in custody in Kabul, from the advancing Taliban forces, but Najibullah refused to be evacuated and was captured and executed by a Taliban mob. Fahim continued to serve as head of the Intelligence and Minister of National Security of the internationally

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 recognised United Islamic Front Government, even when it was ousted and the Taliban took the power over most provinces of Afghanistan in the second half of the 1990s. During this time of Taliban-reign in Afghanistan Fahim was active as military commander for the United Islamic Front in the north of Afghanistan, especially in Panjshir and Mazar-i-Sharif. As Defense Minister
On 9 September 2001, Ahmad Shah Massoud, Afghanistan's most important resistance leader and Defense Minister of the ousted but international recognized government, was assassinated by al-Qaeda operatives posing as journalists.Two days later, <mask> was confirmed as the new defence minister of the United Islamic Front (Northern Alliance), succeeding Massoud. Fahim was a close ally and protégé of Massoud. In the wake of building pressure of the US against the Taliban regime after September 11, 2001, as general commander of the mujahideen resistance forces, Fahim became America's main proxy in the fight against the Taliban. He was anxious to start a military offensive and even pledged to launch an attack against the Taliban, without waiting for US military action, saying: "Today we have a chance to defeat the Taliban and the terrorists, and we will use it whatever the cost." On 7 October, the day the US started bombing Taliban targets, he proclaimed an offensive on the northern and western fronts. On October, 20, a US team of Green Berets landed in Afghanistan and teamed up with Fahim. On 30 October, Fahim met with American General Tommy Franks where they discussed the idea to launch the first major strike of the war against Mazar-e-Sharif, a city that Fahim a month earlier named as the first city that he would conquer.Mazar-e Sharif was captured by opposition forces on 9 and 10 November and only a few days later, the Taliban evacuated Kabul. US President George W. Bush had requested that opposition forces would not enter the city before a new, broad-based, multi-ethnic government was formed. But Fahim went into the city with a group of specially trained security personnel, although he


title: Mohammed Fahim

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 leading the United Islamic Front. <mask> was reportedly advocating a broad-based government headed by someone outside the leadership of the United Islamic Front. According to sources Fahim lobbied for Hamid Karzai as the next Afghan president instead for his formal leader Rabbani. The Bonn conference bypassed President Rabbani and appointed Hamid Karzai as Interim President. Qanuni, Abdullah and Fahim all got crucial posts in the new government. Initially there was some fear that the trivium of former Massoud-aides could overshadow Karzai, but at the same time, they were praised for giving away the chairmanship while they controlled Afghanistan militarily. As commander of Afghans largest military force, <mask> was appointed Defence minister of Afghanistan.At the same time, he was one of the five vice-chairs of the Interim Administration. Together with Abdullah and Qanuni, one of the most dominant figures in the interim administration. Vice-Chairman of the Interim Administration
In the interim administration, Karzai much needed the support of <mask>. Karzai was the official chairman of the executive committee of the government, but as commander of the most effective military force commanding the capital, Fahim had the real power. Since Fahim was afraid a large international peace keeping force would take away his power base, he argued for a limited number of foreign troops in Afghanistan. Karzai, however, was less afraid of international involvement, and might even fear a Tajik hegemony of Afghanistan without them. After the inauguration ceremony on 22 December 2001, where <mask> was installed as minister of Defence and vice-chair of the interim government, he requested that international forces leave the capital.He "would no longer accept foreign troops in Afghanistan operating without a UN mandate," Fahim said. Later he demanded that 100 British servicemen who just had entered the country leave Bagram Air Base. "The British forces perhaps have an agreement with the UN but not with us," said Fahim. He also stated that a UN force should not exceed 1,000

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texts: men and should play a very limited role in Afghan politics and that his own forces could eradicate sources of instability. His own Northern Alliance forces should police Kabul, said Fahim, because he said that his troops in Kabul were security troops, not military. Fahim discussed the deployment of foreign troops with US Generals and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld who demanded the presence of a large international force. Fahim was in charge of the meetings with the British General John McColl to establish the exact task, length of stay and size of international forces.Reportedly, <mask> refused to meet McColl until Rumsfeld pressured him and told him to meet the British general. In the end, it was decided that an international security force of a few thousand troops would be deployed, but that they would agree to Fahim's demands to not take control of Kabul and not start immediately disarming Afghan militias. Of the approximately 3,000 men that would be deployed, 2,000–3,000 men would be deployed in a garrison in the center of Kabul. Of the 30,000 men, only a third would be deployed for security reasons, the others would receive logistical and humanitarian tasks. Another important task for the British and Americans would be the training of the Afghan troops. Fahim expressed the wish to build an Afghan army of around 250,000 men. After the negotiations, The Telegraph described Fahim as someone who is popularly known as "the village and Pansher valley idiot," but who actually very shrewd.When the first foreign troops of the peacekeeping mission arrived on 20 December 2001, Fahim said "They won't be needed for security." "They are here because they want to be," and because the United Nations Security Council sent them to Afghanistan to prevent another civil war, Fahim said, but insisted that their presence was merely symbolic and that the foreign troops were not supposed to use force. "Some ministers in the new government who have always lived outside the country are worried about security and they feel they need the peacekeepers for protection, but when