title: Lorena Garcia

texts:
<mask> is a Venezuelan chef who has opened multiple restaurants and became famous through appearances on multiple television shows. She is known for the restaurants she currently owns in airports across the United States, and for competing on the show Top Chef Masters. <mask> has put out her own cookbook and a line of kitchenware, while also making strides in her life to help end obesity. Early life
Born in Caracas, Venezuela, <mask> grew up around her family. Her mother is Blanca Ibáñez, a Venezuelan politician who served as secretary to former Venezuelan president Jaime Lusinchi. Ibáñez married Lusinchi in September 1991. Lusinchi was since <mask>'s stepfather until his death in May 2014.As a child, she would cook for them at their family gatherings. She entertained her family by cooking for them and credits her success to these gatherings. Education
Originally seeking to become a lawyer, <mask> attended Santa Maria University in Caracas, Venezuela and earned her law degree. She then relocated to the United States to earn an associate degree in Paralegal Studies and took a class on speaking English. However, <mask> soon sensed that her passion wasn't in the field of law and felt the need to change her career path. She decided to convert her career choice into becoming a chef and enrolled at Johnson & Wales University to earn her degree in culinary arts. Cooking inspirations
<mask>'s passion for food came from her family and their gatherings in her hometown.Her mother and her mother's perseverance inspired <mask> to expand on this passion of hers and become a chef. <mask> aimed to inspire others as well. She chose to develop nutritional programs for childhood obesity to inspire families to reduce childhood health issues. <mask> finds it to be fulfilling to watch

masks:
Lorena Garcia
Garcia
Lorena
Lorena
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia


title: Lorena Garcia

type: original

texts:
 families make changes and gain their own inspiration through her programs. <mask>'s main inspiration as a chef is to bring loved ones together to enjoy wonderful food, just how it would bring her own family together. Career

Early culinary jobs

After receiving her degree in culinary arts from Johnson and Wales University, <mask> began her career as a chef through an apprenticeship at the Ritz-Carlton in Paris, France. After working at the Ritz-Carlton, <mask> went on a tour through several cities known for their culinary cuisine and landed culinary jobs in several countries, including Italy, Japan, Korea, Thailand and China.Through these jobs <mask> was able to get an exposure to world cuisine and was able to work with world-renowned chefs such as Pascal Audin. Restaurants

Previous restaurants
In 2002, <mask> opened Food Café in Miami's Design District. Later that year, she established Elements Tierra in the Design District as well. The cuisine of the two restaurants was influenced by both Latin and Asian cooking styles. In 2008, <mask> sold both restaurants. Current restaurants

In February 2011, <mask> accepted a job as an executive chef at the Miami International Airport. She recognized the need to provide comfort food to stressed-out travelers.To fill this need, <mask> <mask>cina, seeks to provide diners with a healthy twist on traditional Latin Cuisine. <mask> <mask> provides travelers with dishes such as Shrimp Ceviche, Baked Empanadas, and Caribbean Jerk Chicken, in order to satisfy their cravings for nutritious and gourmet food while traveling. In August 2012, <mask> opened her second travelers' restaurant, Lorena <mask> Tapas, in the Atlanta International Airport, Delta International. <mask> has opened a third restaurant in the Dallas/ Ft. Worth Airport

masks:
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia
Garciarena
Garcia Co
Lorena
Garcia Cocina
Garcia
Garcia
Garcia


title: Lorena Garcia

texts:
 as of September 2016. In May 2017, Chef <mask> paired with John Kunkel of 50 Eggs (Yardbird, Swine, etc.) to open an upscale Latin American restaurant named CHICA inside the luxurious Venetian on the Las Vegas Strip.<mask> is the first female-Latin chef to be featured on the strip. Obesity campaigns

Big Chef, Little Chef
One thing <mask> was introduced to growing up was obesity. Living near Hispanic homes, <mask> saw it become a problem and wanted to do something about it. <mask> created "Big Chef, Little Chef", in an effort to help end the problem of childhood obesity. "Big Chef, Little Chef" is a non-profit organization that aims to encourage healthy eating starting at a young age. The foods <mask> develops for "Big Chef, Little Chef" are Hispanic foods. Taco Bell's Cantina Bell Menu
<mask> continued her fight against obesity by working with Taco Bell.The partnership began in 2010 and progressed into major changes for Taco Bell. <mask> came to Taco Bell with hopes of creating variety within the menu. To do this, <mask> helped rework the existing menu and add 8 new ingredients to various dishes. Starting on July 5, 2012, Taco Bell implemented the new Cantina Bell menu which was largely credited to <mask> <mask>. Other campaigns
<mask> also developed food for public schools through the organization "Alliance for a Healthier Generation" in 2011. As of spring 2014, <mask> was added as a partner with Charlotte Motor Speedway and promoted by NASCAR driver Danica Patrick in the "10 Blockbuster Days of Racing" in Charlotte, North Carolina. Television

Spanish television cooking shows
Due to her Latin upbringing and culinary skills, <mask> has been featured on numerous Spanish networks, including Telemundo, Gems, and Mundo TV, She hosted the cooking shows "Vida Gourmet",

masks: Lorena Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia Lorena Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia


title: Lorena Garcia

texts:
 "Cocine Mundos", "De Mañanita", and "El Arte del Buen Gusto", and on the FoxLife series "Sazón con Lorena <mask>", "Lorena en su Salsa", and "El mejor de los peores."<mask> competed on Top Chef Masters, a reality competition on the network Bravo, challenging the world's leading chefs to compete against one another. <mask> ranked third among the twelve competitors on season four of the show. <mask> was also a judge on both "Cocineros al limite" and "Top Chef: Estrellas". While on "Top Chef: Estrellas", <mask> served alongside fellow chefs Jaime Martín Del Campo and Ramiro Arvizu. Top Chef Masters
<mask> <mask> participated in the fourth season show Top Chef Masters, and she chose to compete for the organization Alliance for a Healthier Generation. <mask> made it through nine episodes, winning two quickfire competitions and two elimination challenges. Throughout the whole process <mask> was berated by other opponents for her lack of classical training.<mask>'s last episode called "Old School, New School", consisted of instructing a culinary student without getting involved in the preparation, and <mask> <mask>'s dish lost to Kerry Heffernan's. NBC's America's Next Great Restaurant
<mask> <mask> participated as one of the investors and judges on NBC's "America's Next Great Restaurant". The show was also judged by chefs Curtis Stone, Bobby Flay, and Chipotle Mexican Grill founder Steve Ells. Even though the show comes from the producers of Top Chef Masters, it is not the conventional cooking show. In fact, it is a reality show where contestants are competing for investors and do not solely compete in direct cooking competitions. On May 13, 2011, NBC cancelled the show after the first season because of low ratings. Other television appearances
<mask>'s other television

masks: Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia Garcia Lorena Garcia Garcia Lorena Garcia Lorena Garcia Lorena Garcia Garcia


title: Lorena Garcia

texts:
 appearances included The Kovak Box and El C.I.D.These two screenings are the only two appearances that she did not play herself, but she did appear as herself in many other roles. Her success with food has led her to fame, as she appeared on many talk shows. She was on The Queen Latifah Show, The Talk, Guy's Grocery Games, The Chew, The Wendy Williams Show, and The Biggest Loser. She also played a semi-fictionalized version of herself in several episodes of the Nickelodeon show Talia in the Kitchen. Products

Books
<mask> <mask> has many recipes, and she compiled many of those into a cookbook. That book is entitled "<mask> <mask>'s New Latin Classics". The hard cover book is 256 pages long of recipes of Latin cuisines, usually featuring ingredients such as beans, rice, and salsa.She is also the author of "<mask> <mask>'s New Taco Classics" (2015). Kitchenware
On November 14, 2013, <mask>, along with Ingenious Design's president, Joy Mangano, released their line of new kitchenware, the Lorena Bella Kitchen Collection. Some items included on the Lorena Bella Kitchen Collection for HSN include cookware with Technolon +, Corningware oven to tabletop serveware, and a plethora of smart accessories. On October 14, 2016, <mask> launched her first international reality show called Food Hunters, in where each team of eight (8) or six (6) kids cook-off from all about countries of Latin America compete to be called the best of the best of the competition in the farm and in the kitchen, in which she is the first new host and judge. References

External links
 Official website

Living people
Venezuelan emigrants to the United States
Johnson & Wales University alumni
Venezuelan chefs
People from Caracas
Women chefs
Year of birth missing (living people)
Venezuelan television

masks: Lorena Garcia Lorena Garcia Lorena Garcia Lorena Lorena


title: Sven Väth

texts:
<mask> (born 26 October 1964) is a German DJ and electronic music producer. He is a three-time DJ Awards winner, and his career in electronic music spans over 30 years. The single "Electrica Salsa" with OFF launched his career in 1986. Referred to as "Papa Sven" by his fans, <mask> has made his mark in the music community by being one of Germany's pop stars in the nineties, running two night clubs in Germany, and starting his own company Cocoon, which encompasses a booking agency, record label, and a branch for events. He is recognized for cultivating the underground electronic music scene not just in Germany but in Ibiza as well, with his own night at Amnesia for eighteen years and after-parties at creative locations around the island. <mask> is a major proponent of vinyl, using only two decks and a mixer for his extensive DJ sets, his longest set having been 30 hours. Biography
Both of <mask>'s parents were from East Germany.They escaped separately and met each other by chance in the West when they were very young, in a town near Frankfurt. The two of them married and had three sons, including <mask>, while his father was still a painter. Young at heart, his parents would go dancing often and his father wished to open an English pub, which they did. The pub had a small dance floor, where <mask> was introduced to a wide range of music, from rock’n’roll to disco. In the summer of 1980, Väth went for the first time to Ibiza after hearing about it from the local scene in Frankfurt, where he was living at the time. Using his job seeker's allowance money, Väth hitchhiked from Barcelona and ended up spending three months on the island, sleeping on beach chairs and distributing flyers for clubs in order to get by. It was that summer he decided that he wanted to become a

masks:
Sven Väth
Sven Väth
Sven Väth
Sven Väth
Sven
Sven


title: Sven Väth

texts:
 DJ, after becoming enchanted with Ibiza and his time there.When he returned to Germany, <mask>'s mother asked if he would DJ at his parents' pub. <mask> gladly accepted. He was 17 at the time. Career

Only a year later, in 1982, <mask> was asked to play a residency at the club Dorian Gray in Frankfurt am Main. It was there that he met Michael Münzing and Luca Anziloti and got into music production. In 1985, the three came together as Off (Organisation for Fun) and produced the track “Bad News”, which he brought with him to Ibiza and proffered it to Alfredo, Pippi, and Cesar – Ibiza's popular DJs at the time. The following year, in 1986, Off broke ground with their new record, “Electrica Salsa” from their debut album, Organisation For Fun.The track became such a hit across Europe that <mask> found himself as a pop sensation performing with stars such as Vanessa Paradis and Axel Bauer at the age of 22. It sold one million copies. Off released a series of singles and a second album, Ask Yourself, in 1989. Their final single, "Move Your Body" was released in 1990. Münzing and Anziloti moved on to their new project, Snap!. Omen
At the age of 24 in 1988, Väth opened the dance club “Omen” in Frankfurt with Michael Münzing and Mattias Martinsohn. Previously, it was open under the name “Vogue” and Väth had been its resident there as well for a stint.The new club became one of the best clubs in Germany, as voted by Groove Magazine and is considered to be one of the birthplaces of techno in Germany. A short German film of twelve minutes documents how the club prepares for another night with scenes of people on the dance floor interviewed for their thoughts on Omen. Ten years later with a heavy heart, <mask> decided to close the club in 1998. The closure came in part due to

masks:
Sven
Sven
Sven Väth
Sven
Sven


title: Sven Väth

texts:
 problems faced with landlords and city authorities. At its last party, there were so many partygoers that speakers were set up outside and people danced in the street. Police did not intervene the party except to block car traffic. Eye Q & Harthouse Records

Eye Q was started in 1991 with <mask>, Heinz Roth, and Matthias Hoffman, which released of two of Väth's best-known albums: Accident in Paradise (1992) (which Mixmag named one of the 50 best dance albums of all time) and The Harlequin, the Robot, and the Ballet-Dancer (1994).In 1992, <mask> also started the label Harthouse Records, on which he recorded under the alias Barbarella. Separation from the two labels came in 1997, when <mask> moved on to work on other projects. In 1998, the two labels declared bankruptcy. Virgin
Sven Väth signed a 3-album contract with major record label Virgin Records in 1998. He released Fusion (1998), Contact (2000), and Fire (2002). With the Fusion album, Väth toured worldwide his sound of techno, electro, and trip hop. The album was also remixed by various artists and released in a special six-record vinyl edition.Virgin also released a compilation in 2000 of some of <mask>'s best work at Eye Q Records. Cocoon
Cocoon began in 1996 as a series of parties that <mask> would pour his savings into. The name came about after <mask> saw La Fura dels Baus in 1994 in Berlin at the Tempodrom. The show featured props of hanging cocoons filled with water, which ultimately inspired the name for his next project representing metamorphosis and change. He toured with the concept throughout and Germany and even North America. Although the parties strained him monetarily and were not entirely successful, Väth decided to reopen the project in 1999, this time by starting off with a booking agency.

masks: Väth Sven Sven Väth Sven Sven


title: Sven Väth

texts:
 After the agency was established, the rest followed – events and then the record label.The booking agency, established with the help of Talida Wagner, has sported many famous names amongst its roster such as Ricardo Villalobos, Matt John, Dubfire and <mask> himself. Today it continues to provide bookings for artists such as Tobi Neumann, Onur Özer, Raresh, and many others. Cocoon Recordings has been the launchpad for many of today's famous DJs’ careers. Artists such as Martin Buttrich, Loco Dice, Roman Flügel, and Guy Gerber have all released tracks on Cocoon. Each year the record label releases a compilation named by a letter of the alphabet (i.e. Cocoon Compilation A) in order to showcase signed artist work. The goal of the label was to enable aspiring producers to have a platform to release their music on without having to refer to a major label.In 2013 the label celebrated its 100th release. Cocoon Ibiza

In the 1999 summer season in Ibiza, Mar T of Amnesia offered <mask> to throw his Cocoon parties on the one day that Amnesia was closed – Mondays. After a trial period of four parties, Cocoon parties continued for fourteen Mondays in 2000 and for the next thirteen years. The night has featured a spectacular array of the world's best DJs in electronic music, with artists such as Cassy, Carl Craig, Josh Wink, Adam Beyer, and Ricardo Villalobos manning the decks. After each season, Väth releases a mix called “The Sound of the Season.” Väth's Monday parties at Amnesia fostered the underground sound of Ibiza at a time when trance and commercial music started dominating the island. Each year, Cocoon's Ibiza team works on a new theme to create an exciting and different atmosphere for each season. Johannes Goller, a long-time friend of <mask>'s, has led the team

masks:
Sven Väth
Sven
Sven


title: Sven Väth

texts:
 since the beginning in producing each successful season.Cocoon is also famous for throwing after-parties in various locations throughout Ibiza and Formentera that were often illegal, and sometimes closed down by the police. The Cocoon parties also cultivated “Cocoon Heroes” (the theme for the 12th season) such as Richie Hawtin, Loco Dice, Dubfire, and Cassy alongside <mask>, all of them gathering on Mondays to play long sets in the terrace and main room of the club. Cocoon Mondays at Amnesia continued strong until 2018. In 2018 Cocoon was moved to Pacha. Cocoon Frankfurt
In 2004, Väth opened the club “Cocoon” in Frankfurt. Considered the successor for <mask>'s endeavor at Omen, Cocoon club was also very popular. Techno, house, and trance acts were known to play there, some of the better-known being Richie Hawtin, Ricardo Villalobos, Armin van Buuren, and Above & Beyond.Some of the resident DJs included Väth himself, DJ Karotte, Toni Rios, C-Rock, and Sidney Spaeth. The building contained two restaurants run by a celebrity chef, lounges, and interesting architecture featuring “cocoon” niches for people to hang out in. In November 2012, <mask> closed down Cocoon club due to bankruptcy. Personal life

Family
<mask> has two children. He has a daughter who was born in 1989. Then in 1991, he met Nina Peter, a Viennese leather fashion accessories designer, during a private party in his own home in Ibiza. They married in Thailand with a Buddhist ceremony in 2008, and three years later, their son Tiga was born in Vienna on July 26, 2011.Väth is good friends with the renowned Canadian DJ/producer Tiga and named his son after him. In 2012, <mask> and Peter separated. <mask> has two brothers, one of whom is an art director and DJ, and the other a flower shop owner.

masks:
Sven
Sven
Sven
Sven Väth
Väth
Sven


title: Arup Chandra

texts:
<mask>, born in 1951 in  Murshidabad district in the state of West Bengal, is a writer, poet, essayist, art critic, and an educator. He is the writer of more than fourteen books, and has edited twelve others. Two of his books are translated into English and published. His research speciality is the history, poetry, art, culture and literature of Murshidabad District. Profession & Works
Took various professions at the beginning, sold even glassware, batteries etc. Later got a job as a medical representative in a Kolkata-based company. In latter years he got a drug license and started a business of medicine.1 September 1977 he established his dream organization - Chandra Commercial & Art Institute, at Palashipara in Nadia district, a language and vocational training institute. His most known works are related to education, arts, literature and history. He remarkably researched and developed 'Bengali Shorthand'; presently 'Arup Chandra Bengali Shorthand System' is the most popular 'Bengali Shorthand System' in Bengal. A list of his 'Books' written by him is attached herewith. As an editor of Basabhumi Patrika, he always manifested the struggle of people, and their art & culture. A list of 'Special Issues of Basabhumi Patrika' is also attached here. As the secretary of 'Little Magazine Sanrakshan O Gobeshona Kendra, Berhampore' (Little Magazine Preservation And Research Centre, Berhampore), he takes care in the preservation of thousands of old & new little magazines, this organization also gives chances to other researchers to collect


title: Malachi O'Doherty

texts:
<mask>'Doherty (born 1951, Muff, County Donegal, Ireland)
is a journalist, author and broadcaster in Northern Ireland. He is the producer and presenter of the audio blog Arts Talk. Career

O'Doherty was one of the longest running commentators/columnists on any Irish radio programme, having been a regular on Radio Ulster's Talkback from its creation in the mid-1980s until a revamp of the programme in 2009. He provides political and social commentary for BBC NI's Hearts and Minds programme, and was often a frequent reporter for BBC Radio Ulster's Sunday Sequence in the programme's heyday. His political journalism has been published in many Irish and British newspapers and periodicals, including The Irish Times, The Guardian, The Sunday Times, The Observer, The Scotsman and The New Statesman. In the mid-1990s he worked on and presented several television documentaries on Northern Irish culture and politics, for Channel Four, The BBC and UTV, all of them with independent production companies, chiefly Observer Films, DBA and Chistera. He is a former Managing Editor of Fortnight magazine.He writes for the Guardians Comment is Free blog. He writes most frequently now in the Belfast Telegraph where his is often commissioned to write about religion and terrorism. He frequently writes through memoir. He has published four memoirs. One, I Was A Teenage Catholic (2003), deals with the development of his thinking on religious issues and the other, The Telling Year (2007) recounts his work as a young inept journalist in Belfast in the worst year for deaths (1972) of the Troubles in Northern


title: Malachi O'Doherty

texts:
 of Swami Paramananda Saraswati. He has written about this in I Was A Teenage Catholic. Books by <mask> O'Doherty
The Trouble With Guns: Republican Strategy and the Provisional IRA (The Blackstaff Press, 1998), . Described by the former leading IRA volunteer and informant Sean O'Callaghan as "An honest and decent book . . . It is lucid and accessible, and is the most subtle analysis of the modern-day republican movement that I have read ... one of the most valuable books to emerge from Northern Ireland in recent years."I Was a Teenage Catholic (Mercier/Marino, 2003), . An account of <mask> O'Doherty's upbringing in west Belfast, his experiences of Catholicism and his eventual rejection of the church's beliefs. The book also narrates his travels in India and his encounter with a Hindu swami. The Telling Year: Belfast 1972 (Gill and Macmillan, 2007), . A memoir of living and working as a journalist through the worst year of the Troubles, 1972. This was also the year O'Doherty was approached by an RUC officer in Northern Ireland and invited to become an "informer". He declined.Empty Pulpits: Ireland's Retreat From Religion (Gill and Macmillan, 2008), . An account of the rapid secularisation of Ireland. O'Doherty attracted the wrath of humanist groups for his own attacks on the "new atheists" and his claims that their critiques of religion were flawed by a failure to comprehend religious motivation. Under His Roof (Summer Palace Press, 2009),
On My Own Two Wheels (Blackstaff Press, 2012),
Gerry Adams: An Unauthorised Life (Faber, 2017),
Fifty Years On: The Troubles And The

masks: Malachi Malachi


title: Malachi O'Doherty

texts:
 Struggle For Change In Northern Ireland (Atlantic, 2019),
Terry Brankin Has A Gun (Merrion, 2020),
The Year of Chaos: Northern Ireland on the Brink of Civil War, 1971/72 (Atlantic 2021)

Biography
O'Doherty was born in 1951 in Muff, County Donegal but raised in West Belfast, Northern Ireland. He trained as a journalist at the College of Business Studies in Belfast and as a mature student in 1990, took a master's degree in Irish Studies from Queen's University, Belfast. In June 1995 he married poet and broadcaster Maureen Boyle. He is a former Writer in Residence at Queen's University Belfast.He was awarded a PhD by the School of English at QUB in 2012. References

External links
O'Doherty's audio blog on Irish arts
<mask> O'Doherty's Official website
Belfast Telegraph columnist profile on <mask> O'Doherty
Slugger O'Toole: O'Doherty: His best book? CAIN: 'The Trouble with Guns'
 Irish Association speech, 2003
 Speech to Alliance Party conference, 12 March 2005. 1951 births
Living people
Journalists from Belfast
Male non-fiction writers from Northern Ireland
Date of birth missing (living people)
Former Roman Catholics
21st-century writers from Northern Ireland
Columnists from Northern


title: Alfred O. Deshong

texts:
<mask> (September 30, 1837 – April 19, 1913) was an American businessman, philanthropist and art collector from Chester, Pennsylvania. <mask> came from a wealthy family including his grandfather <mask> and father John O<mask>. He operated a successful quarry business for years and was a director of the Delaware County National Bank. He invested his fortune in the collection of art. <mask> donated liberally to support the Chester Hospital and upon his death, donated his trust and land to the city of Chester which resulted in the creation of the Deshong Art Museum and Deshong Park. Over time, the museum fell into disrepair, suffered theft and eventually closed. The art museum is currently vacant and the art collection resides with Widener University.Early life
<mask> was born in Chester, Pennsylvania to John O<mask> and Emmeline L. (Terrill) <mask> and educated in the local schools. He attended the Bolmar Academy in West Chester, Pennsylvania. In 1862, <mask> enlisted as a private in Company K, Tenth Regiment of the Pennsylvania Militia and served in the Battle of Antietam under Captain Thatcher. He was honorably discharged on September 27, 1862. In 1863, <mask> re-enlisted when Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania. He enlisted in company A of the 37th Regiment, Emergency Corps, known as the "Slipher Phalanx". He served in the Battle of Gettysburg and was honorably discharged on August 4, 1863.Career
In 1865, he entered into partnership with his brother, John O<mask>, Jr., and operated the Deshong quarries in Ridley Township, Pennsylvania. The partnership was successful and lasted for 30 years until John's death on November 1, 1895. In 1895, <mask> was elected a director of the Delaware County National Bank. Philanthropy
<mask> donated liberally to support Chester Hospital, located at 9th and Barclay Streets in Chester. The <mask>. <mask> sanitary cottage for the treatment of tuberculosis was built by <mask> and donated to the Chester Hospital. After his death, he left in trust his art collection, mansion and 27-acre estate to the city of Chester as an art gallery and

masks:
Alfred Odenheimer Deshong
Deshong
Peter Deshong
. Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
. Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
. Deshong
Deshong
Deshong
Alfred O
Deshong
Deshong


title: Alfred O. Deshong

texts:
 for educational purposes. The bequest resulted in the establishment of the Deshong Memorial Park and the building of an art gallery.Deshong Mansion

The Deshong mansion was built in 1850 on 22 acres off Edgemont Avenue in the Greek Revival Italianate style by <mask>'s father, John O<mask>, Sr. It was willed to the people of Chester after <mask>'s death. The land was turned into a public park named Deshong Park and an art museum was built on the property. The mansion and art museum fell into disrepair in the 1980s. The trust was dissolved and the property was taken over by the Delaware County Industrial Development Authority. The mansion suffered a partial collapse in 2013 and was demolished in 2014. Deshong Art Museum and collection
The Deshong Art Museum was built in 1914 after his death on the same property as the Deshong Mansion.The building was designed to be fireproof with exterior walls of Dover marble. The large main gallery for paintings was modeled after the Emperor of Germany's gallery at Cassel. It housed over 300 pieces of art including carved Japanese ivory figures, Chinese carved hard stone vessels and 19th century American and European paintings including American Impressionists Edward Redfield, Robert Spencer and George Loftus Noyes

Other select works from the collection include:
Allan Piu bella, painting by Francesco Vinea
Alpine Mountain Scene, painting by Alexandre Calame
At the Cobblers, painting by Jose Jimenez Aranda
Child Feeding her Pets (1872), painting by Gaetano Chierici
Departure for the Hunt (1899), painting by Vladimir Makovsky
 Hasty Pudding (1883), oil on canvas painting by Gaetano Chierici
Her Japanese Dolls (1872) by Adrien Moreau
Kindergarten, painting by <mask>
Meadows in Winter, painting by George Loftus Noyes
Morning in Thuringia, painting by Barend Cornelis Koekkoek
 Raspberries on a Leaf (1858), oil on panel painting by Lilly Martin Spencer
Spirited Conflict (1859), painting by Alberto Pasini
The Artists Den, painting by Francois Auguste Biard
The Avalanche (1886), painting by Gerolamo Induno
Une gardienne du feu sacre de

masks:
Alfred
. Deshong
Alfred
Otto Piltz


title: Alfred O. Deshong

texts:
 vesta by Louis Hector Leroux

<mask>'s last art purchase was a pair of large Foo dogs cast in bronze. The statues were placed flanking the doors of the <mask> mansion. At one time it was the only public art gallery on the East Coast. From 1961 to 1978 the building was operated as a library, but over the years the museum fell into disrepair. Art theft
In July 1977 the museum was looted and several pieces of art were stolen.The heist was carried out by 15 year old Laurence McCall from Chester, Pennsylvania who would skip school and frequent the museum. The museum had limited security and McCall was able to steal paintings valued at the time at $450,000 by simply taking them off the wall and sliding them out of the museum's windows. Many of the stolen items were sold through Sotheby's and other art auction houses in New York City. McCall was eventually caught when he was 19. The authorities were not able to prove that he stole the artwork, but he was convicted for failure to pay taxes, sentenced to fifteen years in prison and served three. A majority of the artwork was recovered. In 1979, Widener University leased the building and restored the museum.In July 1984 the remaining trustees that managed the art museum dissolved the trust. The Asian and impressionistic art collection and $500,000 of the trust were given to Widener University where the collection is currently displayed. Personal life

<mask> was known as a lavish host, entertaining artists, musicians and political figures at the <mask> mansion. He never married and became reclusive toward the end of his life. <mask> is interred at Chester Rural Cemetery. His grave is marked by the bronze sculpture, "Sorrow" by Samuel Murray. References

External links
The Widener University Art Collection & Gallery

1837 births
1913 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists
American art collectors
American bankers
American mining businesspeople
Burials at Chester Rural Cemetery
People from Chester, Pennsylvania
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Philanthropists from

masks: Deshong Deshong Deshong Deshong Deshong


title: Pridiyathorn Devakula

texts:
<mask> (; ; ; born 15 July 1947) is a Thai economist. He was the Governor of the Bank of Thailand from 2001 to 2006. Following the 2006 Thai coup d'état he served as minister of finance and deputy prime minister in the interim civilian government led by Prime Minister Surayud Chulanont. Following the 2014 Thai coup d'état he was appointed as a deputy prime minister in the first military appointed cabinet under General Prayut Chan-o-cha. Two days earlier he had resigned from his position as chairman of the board of Post Publishing PLC, the publisher of the Bangkok Post, Thailand's leading English-language newspaper. Early life and education
<mask> is a son of Prince <mask>. He is therefore a grandson of Prince Devawongse Varopakarn, and a great-grandson of King Rama IV.(Mongkut). Reflecting his distant royal descent, Thai media refer to him as Mom Ui (; "Lord Ui"), using his nickname, "Ui". <mask> was educated at Saint Gabriel's College from year 1 to 12. During his childhood, Pridiyathorn rarely came second in school exams. He was nearly always first in his studies. He studied economics at Thammasat University, graduating with a bachelor's degree, and at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he earned an MBA in 1970. Career
From 1971 to 1990 he worked for the Thai Farmers Bank, becoming senior executive vice president.In 1990 he became official spokesman for Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan. In the governments of Anand Panyarachun and Suchinda Kraprayoon (1991–92) he was deputy minister of commerce. He was appointed a member of the Thai Senate from 1992 to 1993. In 1993 he became president of the Export-Import Bank of Thailand. Pridiyathorn served as the Chairman of the NIST International School Foundation, the governing body

masks:
Mom Rajawongse Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn
Priditheppong Devakula
Pridiyathorn


title: Pridiyathorn Devakula

texts: unprofessional. Their actions are very irresponsible. They have totally lost credibility... I don't see foreigners returning to Thailand any time in the near future. Markets now have no confidence in the government."The Export-Import Bank of Thailand also criticized the capital controls. Limiting foreign companies investing in List I and II businesses (including media, telecoms, and aviation) from holding more than 50 percent of shares. List III businesses (including retailers and hotels) were exempted from the new restrictions. Investors holding more than 50 percent would be forced to lower their stakes within a year. Investors holding more than 50 percent of voting rights would be forced to lower their voting stakes within a year. Finance Minister <mask> noted, "If they [foreign investors] had seen the details [of the foreign investment law], I am sure that they would be happy." He later backtracked, and said that telecommunications firms would be exempt from the new regulations.He claimed that he had misspoken when he earlier included the telecommunications business in the categories to be affected by amendments to the law . Corruption investigations into Thaksin Shinawatra. Pridiyathorn sparked controversy in his dealings with Jaruvan Maintaka of the junta-appointed Assets Examination Committee. Jaruvan accused Thaksin's wife of inappropriately buying a plot of land from the Financial Institutions Development Fund (FIDF) while Pridiyathorn was FIDF Chairman. Pridiyathorn asserted that the purchase was legal and refused to file charges, claiming that the FIDF was not a damaged party. Jaruvan then claimed that Pridiyathorn violated the law by sitting on the boards of more than three state enterprises. Pridiyathorn countered by claiming that Jaruvan


title: Pridiyathorn Devakula

texts:
 was trying to destroy his reputation.Monetary policy. Pridiyathorn took the unusual step of urging the Bank of Thailand to cut interest rates by half a percentage point, rather than 25 basis points as expected by most analysts. Bank of Thailand is independent of the Ministry of Finance, and did not heed <mask>'s call. He resigned the next day. <mask> resigned on 28 February 2007. As a reason for his resignation he cited Premier Surayud's decision to appoint <mask>'s rival, former Thaksin-government Finance Minister Somkid Jatusripitak, as a "self-sufficiency economy" special envoy. Somkid resigned from his position after less than a week.Another reason given was the Minister to the Office of the Prime Minister Thirapat Serirangsan's alleged preference for certain private media interests. Several analysts speculated that he was referring to the preferential treatment the junta gave to leading anti-Thaksin critic Sondhi Limthongkul, who was also a long-time critic of Pridiyathorn. His resignation shocked the political world as well as the business community. "The reasons he gave were quite strange," noted Pornsilp Patcharinpanakul, deputy secretary-general of Board of Trade. <mask> was replaced by Chalongphob Sussangkarn. Junta leader General Saprang Kalayanamitr was also implicated in <mask>'s resignation. The Bangkok Post reported that Pridiyathorn resigned in protest after a CNS member lobbied him to sell shares of IRPC (formerly known as Thai Petrochemical Industry or TPI) back to a former shareholder.Saprang's brother, Chienchuan, was a key financial advisor to Prachai Liaophairat, the estranged founder of TPI. Economic advisor to the 2014 junta
<mask> was an outspoken critic of Yingluck Shinawatra's government, especially its scheme assuring a

masks: Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn Pridiyathorn


title: Pridiyathorn Devakula

texts:
 fixed minimum rice price to farmers. In November 2013 he estimated the costs of the programme at 425 billion baht. In February 2014 he called Yingluck's economic policies a failure and asked her to step down. Instead, he called for the appointment of a "neutral", unelected government. After the 22 May 2014 coup d'état, the junta—which calls itself National Council for Peace and Order—appointed Somkid a member of its "advisory board" in charge of economic issues. On 31 August <mask> was appointed as a deputy prime minister in the first military-appointed cabinet under General Prayut Chan-o-cha.Wealth
Disclosures to the National Counter Corruption Commission revealed that 30 days after leaving his cabinet position in March 2007, Pridiyathorn had 730 million baht in assets, a slight drop from 754 million baht when he took office in October 2006. His wife, Praphaphan, had a net worth of 283 million baht, while his daughter Pudjeep had seven million baht. In October 2014 the National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC) published the declared wealth of all ministers in the cabinet. Pridiyathorn was the wealthiest with assets of 1.38 billion baht. Decorations
Pridiyathorn holds the titles Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Most Noble Order of the White Elephant and Knight Grand Cross (First Class) of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand. Ancestry

See also
 Bank of Thailand

References

External links
Speeches by Pridiyathorn Devakula
"Bt820-billion blunder",  The Nation, 2006/12/20

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<mask>, Pridiyathorn
Devakula, Pridiyathorn
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Devakula, Pridiyathorn
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn Devakula
Pridiyathorn

masks: Pridiyathorn Devakula


title: Victor Vodicka

texts:
Václav (later <mask>) Vodička AM DA (Prague) FRMIT MACE (28 September 1921 - 30 September 1992) was a Czech born gold and silversmith who emigrated to Australia in 1950 and taught at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) from 1955 to 1983. It has been said that 'his contribution to Australian jewellery was made as the lecturer in charge of gold and silversmithing in Australia'. Early life and education
Vodička was born in Modřany, a southern Prague neighbourhood in Czechoslovakia. After attending the local primary and secondary schools, in 1941 he graduated from Prague College of Industrial Arts, specialising in gold and silver design and manufacturing. He later attended the prestigious State School of Jewellery in Turnov in 1942 and 1943. After graduating, he worked for a large firm of gold and silversmiths in Prague before moving to Jablonec nad Nisou (Gablonz an der Neiße) in 1946 as the national manager/designer of the Robert Scholtze company, an expropriated Sudeten German costume jewellery manufacturing company. He also freelanced as a jeweller and lectured part-time at the Jablonec School of Applied Arts at this time.Immigration to Australia
After the Second World War, Vodička was active in democratic politics, supporting President Edvard Beneš and his Czech National Social Party (Czech: Česká strana národně sociální, ČSNS) in the only free post-war elections in Czechoslovakia (until 1990) in May 1946. When the political situation deteriorated in Czechoslovakia following the communist coup in February 1948, he fled Czechoslovakia, 'illegally' leaving the country for Germany in September 1949 and made his way to the British occupation zone in Berlin. Branded an 'enemy of the people's government' and charged with bogus crimes, he would not be


title: Victor Vodicka

texts:
 permitted to return to Czechoslovakia until the late 1980s. Vodička spent Christmas 1949 in Charlottenburg, Berlin with fellow Czech refugees and then made his way to Friedland Refugee Camp where he was officially granted political refugee status under the auspices of the International Refugee Organisation. In mid-January 1950, he moved to the Fallingbostel Displaced Persons Camp for the purposes of emigrating to Australia. In March 1950, he went by train to the Bagnoli Displaced Persons Camp in Italy and on 31 March 1950 left Naples on the USAT General M. L. Hersey with 1,335 other European refugees bound for Australia, arriving in Melbourne on 27 April 1950. After arriving in Australia, he spent about three weeks at the Bonegilla Migrant Camp before returning to Melbourne to take up work.Career
In the first few years after arriving in Australia, Vodička had a number of jobs, mainly as a silversmith at a range of companies. Early on, he began using a name Australians could pronounce and became known as <mask> or <mask> rather than Václav Vodička. When he applied for the position of instructor in gold and silversmithing at Royal Melbourne Technical College, later RMIT University, he used the name <mask> <mask> - he was appointed in August 1955. In the succeeding years, Vodicka 'transformed gold and silversmithing at RMIT into the leading course of its kind in Australia'. His vision 'right from the beginning...[was] to develop and build up a School of Gold and Silversmithing or at least Department...which would have silversmithing, jewellery, engraving, enamelling and gem cutting and possibly gem engraving divisions'. Vodicka’s first Diploma students graduated in 1957  and in 1958, Emily Hope. the daughter of poet, A.D. Hope, and Margaret Goldthorpe became the first

masks:
Victor
Vic Vodicka
Victor Vaclav
Vodicka


title: Victor Vodicka

texts:
 Wangaratta Ski Club, which has its lodge at Mount St. Bernard near Mount Hotham in the Victorian Alps and he joined it shortly afterwards in 1960.Both men were foundation members of the Mount Bogong Club, which was formed in 1965 to promote the safe recreational use of Mount Bogong. During the 1960s, Vodicka, by then a father of three young children all born in the mid to late 1950s, continued with his education, completing a Tertiary Technical Teachers Certificate in 1963 and a Fellowship Diploma in Art/Industrial Design - Gold and Silversmithing from RMIT in 1967. He was an active member of the Czech community in Melbourne being a co-founder of the Czech Language School established at the Technical Teachers College, Toorak in 1963. He was also a regular visitor to the Sumava Centre (now Sumava Peksa Centre) at Belgrave in the Dandenong Ranges, founded by the exiled priest Josef Peksa, and was involved in the Czechoslovak National Association and the Prahran Slavia soccer club. Vodicka retained his interest in democratic politics in Australia and was the Foundation President of the Clarinda Branch of the Australian Labor Party and Vice President of the Hotham Electorate Assembly for the ALP in 1989. <mask> eventually returned to his native Czechoslovakia in 1987 after the communist regime withdrew the bogus criminal charges laid nearly forty years earlier. He visited again in 1991 after the collapse of communism in November 1989 and even got back his long withheld Czech passport.In September 1992 he passed away in Melbourne due to acute myeloid leukemia. At his request, his ashes were spread on his beloved Mount Bogong. References

1921 births
1992 deaths
Silversmiths
Goldsmiths
RMIT University alumni
RMIT University faculty
Czechoslovak emigrants to


title: Joseph E. Widener

texts:
<mask> (August 19, 1871 – October 26, 1943) was a wealthy American art collector who was a founding benefactor of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. A major figure in thoroughbred horse racing, he was head of New York's Belmont Park and builder of Miami's Hialeah Park racetrack in Florida. Early life
<mask> was born in Philadelphia, the third and only surviving son of the extremely wealthy transportation and real estate magnate Peter A. B<mask> (1834 – 1915) and <mask> (1836 – 1896). His older brother <mask> died on the RMS Titanic. <mask> attended Harvard University, and for a short time studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. Thoroughbred horse racing
<mask> used his great wealth to pursue his interest in Thoroughbred horse racing on a large scale. Not only did he become an owner of a large stable of racehorses, Widener acquired the Elmendorf Farm in Lexington, Kentucky and the Belmont Park racetrack in New York, plus he built Hialeah Park racetrack in Miami, Florida.In 1901, thirty-year-old <mask> began purchasing Thoroughbred horses to compete in both flat racing and steeplechase events. He hired future U.S. Racing Hall of Fame horse trainer, J. Howard Lewis. For the next four decades, they combined to race fourteen Champions, two in flat racing and twelve Steeplechase Champions. Widener's steeplechase horses won numerous important races including three editions of the American Grand National with Relluf (1914), Arc Light (1929), and Bushranger (1936). His steeplechasers Bushranger and Fairmount were both elected to the U.S. Racing Hall of Fame.Following the death of August Belmont Jr., <mask> and friends W. Averell Harriman and George Herbert Walker, purchased much of Belmont's

masks:
Joseph Early Widener
Widener
. Widener
Hannah Josephine Dunton
George Dunton Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener


title: Joseph E. Widener

texts: Thoroughbred breeding stock. For his Elmendorf Farm breeding operation, Widener acquired Belmont's very important sire Fair Play and the broodmare Mahubah, the parents of Man o' War. He also purchased a son of Fair Play named Chance Shot who would go on to win the 1927 Belmont Stakes and following the 1929 death of Fair Play would become Elmendorf Farm's leading sire. Widener had a life-size statue of Fair Play erected by his grave at Elmendorf Farm. As part of the selloff of the August Belmont Jr. estate, in 1925 <mask> also acquired majority control of Belmont Park in Elmont, New York and would serve as the race track's president until 1939 when failing health necessitated his stepping down. In 1930, he imported the stallion Sickle from Lord Derby in England who came to visit the U.S. that year and was <mask>'s guest at the 1930 Kentucky Derby. A son of the very important sire Phalaris, Sickle would produce 45 Graded stakes race winners and be the leading sire in North America in 1936 and 1938.Following Chance Shot's win in the 1927 Belmont Stakes, <mask>'s racing stable won the race two more times with Hurryoff in 1933 and with a son of Chance Shot in 1934 named Peace Chance. He also had five horses compete in the Kentucky Derby with his best finishes a second place earned by Osmand in 1927 and by Brevity in 1936. <mask>'s father had had business interests in France and like other wealthy elite Americans of that era, maintained a place in fashionable Paris. In addition to racing horses in the United States, Widener also kept a stable of Thoroughbreds in France. Competing in French grass racing, his horses won the 1923 and 1926 editions of the Prix La Rochette and the 1923, 1924, and 1937 runnings of the Prix

masks:
Joseph Widener
Widener
Widener
Joseph Widener


title: Joseph E. Widener

texts:
 d'Aumale. Widener also owned English Hackney horses who competed at various shows. Personal life
He married <mask> ″<mask>″ Holmes Pancoast (1874–1929) with whom he had two children:
Peter Arrell <mask> II (1895–1948)
<mask> "Fifi" <mask> Leidy Holden Wichfeld Bigelow (1902–1961)
<mask> Leidy (1923–1988) was married from 1941 to 1950 to State Senator <mask> Paine (1920–1991)

<mask> raised his family at Lynnewood Hall, his father's 110-room Georgian-style mansion  in Elkins Park, Pennsylvania.Designed by Horace Trumbauer and Jacques Greber, the mansion, along with its extensive and important art collection, was part of the huge fortune he inherited. In poor health for several years, <mask> <mask> died at his Lynnewood Hall estate in 1943 and was interred in the <mask> family mausoleum, Section K, Lot 338 at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. Hialeah Park
In 1930, <mask> built a  mansion in Palm Beach, Florida. where he would spend a good part of most winters. That same year, he purchased a controlling interest in the Miami Jockey Club and in 1931 renovated Hialeah Park. Hailed as one of the most beautiful Thoroughbred race tracks in the world, in 1979 Hialeah Park was listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. Major races here were the Widener Handicap inaugurated in 1936, and the Flamingo Stakes, an important stepping stone to the Kentucky Derby for 3-year-old horses.Following <mask>'s death, ownership of the facility changed hands several times and after running into financial difficulties it closed in 2001. Art collection
<mask> added to the extensive and valuable art collection he had inherited from his father. His collection included a dozen or more works by Rembrandt as well as those

masks:
Eleanor
Ella
Browne Widener
Josephine
Widener
Joan Widener
George Eis
Joseph Widener
Joseph Early
Widener
Widener
Joseph Widener
Widener
Joseph Widener


title: Joseph E. Widener

texts:
 by Johannes Vermeer, Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and others. In 1939, <mask> made a number of donations from his assorted collections including manuscripts of historical and artistic importance given to the Rare Book Department at the Free Library of Philadelphia. However, his most important philanthropic endeavor was as a founding benefactor of the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Widener's 1939 donation of a vast collection was announced by U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Gallery's opening ceremony. Known as the Widener Collection, the more than 2,000 sculptures, paintings, decorative art, and porcelains went on display in 1942. <mask>'s own 1921 portrait by Augustus John hangs in the National Gallery of Art.References

Sources
<mask>, Paintings at Lynnewood Hall (Elkins Park, PA: privately printed, 1923). Peter A. B<mask> II, Without Drums (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1940). External links
 Normandy Farm, Lexington, Kentucky at the National Sporting Library's Thoroughbred Heritage website
 <mask><mask>, Founding Benefactor of the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
 (<mask>.) Widener Collection at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
 Lewis-Widener manuscript collection at the Free Library of Philadelphia
 <mask><mask>'s biography of at the National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

American art collectors
American racehorse owners and breeders
French racehorse owners and breeders
American horse racing industry executives
American philanthropists
Businesspeople from Philadelphia
Harvard University alumni
University of Pennsylvania School of Design alumni
1871 births
1943 deaths
Widener family
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
People from Cheltenham,

masks:
Widener
Joseph Widener
Joseph Widener
. Widener
Joseph E
. Widener
Joseph E
Joseph E
. Widener


title: Milan Božić (politician)

texts:
<mask> () is an academic, administrator, and politician in Serbia. He was a cabinet minister in the Yugoslavian government in 1999, has served in the assemblies of Yugoslavia and Serbia, and at one time was the acting mayor of Belgrade. He now serves as chair of the supervisory board of Telekom Srbija. A member of the Serbian Renewal Movement (Srpski pokret obnove, SPO) for most of his time as an elected official, <mask> is now a member of the Serbian Progressive Party (Srpska napredna stranka, SNS). Early life and career
<mask> was born in Belgrade, in what was then the People's Republic of Serbia in the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. He graduated from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Science and Mathematics in 1975 with a focus on mathematics, received his master's degree in 1978, and earned a Ph.D. in 1983. He became an assistant professor in mathematics in 1984 and was promoted to associate professor in 1991; he also served for a time as dean of the faculty.<mask> has published several academic works and has taken part in popular science programming in the Serbian media. One of his colleagues in the faculty of mathematics was Mirjana Marković, with whom he was on friendly terms. Marković was the wife of Slobodan Milošević and the leader of the Yugoslav Left (Jugoslovenska Levica, JUL) party from 1994 to 2003. <mask>'s personal association with Marković was a point of controversy during his political career. Politician

Early years
<mask> joined the Democratic Party (Demokratska stranka, DS) when multi-party politics was re-introduced to Serbia in 1990 and emerged as a prominent figure in the party. In October 1990, he was part of a group of DS activists who opposed the party leadership's decision to participate in the 1990 Serbian parliamentary election, arguing that conditions for fair elections did not exist. On 22 January 1991, <mask> and other members of this

masks:
Milan Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić
Božić


title: Milan Božić (politician)

texts:
 group left the DS to form the Serbian Liberal Party (Srpska liberalna stranka, SLS).In 1992, the SLS became part of the Democratic Movement of Serbia (Demokratski pokret Srbije, DEPOS), a broad coalition of parties opposed to the Milošević government. The party left the coalition the following year, when the SLS leadership disagreed with DEPOS's decision to participate in the 1993 Serbian parliamentary election. <mask>, who opposed this call for a boycott, left the SLS and remained within DEPOS as an individual member. Parliamentarian
<mask> appeared in the sixth position on the DEPOS electoral list for Belgrade in the 1993 Serbian election and was awarded a mandate when the coalition won eleven seats in the capital. (From 1992 to 2000, one-third of Serbia's parliamentary mandates were assigned to candidates from successful lists in numerical order, while the remaining two-thirds were distributed amongst other candidates at the discretion of the sponsoring parties and coalitions. <mask> did not automatically receive a mandate by virtue of his list position but was nonetheless included in the DEPOS delegation and took his seat when the assembly met in early 1994.) DEPOS dissolved after the election; <mask> joined the SPO, which had been the leading party in the coalition, and became an advisor to its leader Vuk Drašković.The election was won by Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia (Socijalistička partija Srbije, SPS), and <mask> served in opposition. From 1992 to 2000, the Serbian parliament nominated half the membership (i.e., twenty members) of the Chamber of Republics in the Yugoslavian parliament. By virtue of the coalition's performance in the 1993 election, the parties of DEPOS were allowed to nominate four members to the federal chamber. <mask> was selected as a delegate, receiving an appointment in February 1994 for a term that lasted four years. He continued to serve in the

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić


title: Milan Božić (politician)

texts:
 Serbian parliament during this time. In March 1995, he spoke favourably of a recent proposal by the Contact Group as the basis for a negotiated end to the Bosnian War. He also indicated that, in the longer term, he would favour the incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Republic of Serbian Krajina, and the Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia into a reconstituted Yugoslavia.1996 local elections and after
The SPO participated in the 1996 Serbian local elections with the DS and the Civic Alliance of Serbia (Građanski savez Srbije, GSS) in a new opposition alliance called Zajedno (English: Together). The alliance won victories in several major cities, including Belgrade, but the results were not initially recognized by the Serbian government. Following an extended standoff and several weeks of protest, the government belatedly recognized the victories of Zajedno in February 1997. DS leader Zoran Đinđić became mayor of Belgrade; <mask>, who had been elected to the City Assembly of Belgrade for a division in Vračar, was chosen as deputy mayor as well as being appointed as president of the managing board for Belgrade's television station Studio B. During this time, journalist Seamus Martin described <mask> as "the most influential person" in developing the policies of Zajedno. The Zajedno coalition fell apart at the republic level before 1997 was over. One of the points of controversy was participation in the 1997 Serbian parliamentary election, which the SPO supported and the DS opposed.<mask> was re-elected to the Serbian parliament in the 1997 election after appearing in the second position on the SPO's list in Palilula; the party won three seats, and he was again awarded one its optional mandates. Soon after the 1997 parliamentary election, the Zajedno alliance in the Belgrade assembly completely dissolved. On 30 September 1997, <mask> presided over an assembly session that

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić


title: Milan Božić (politician)

texts:
 removed Đinđić as mayor via a SPO motion supported by the SPS and the far-right Serbian Radical Party (Srpska radikalna stranka, SRS). The SPO subsequently occupied all of the main positions in the city government. The position of mayor was not initially filled by the assembly; as deputy mayor, <mask> served as the city's acting mayor until January 1999. He suffered injuries while attending a basketball game in November 1997, after he was hit by a tracer rocket fired by someone in the audience. Media reports did not indicate that this was a deliberate attack.<mask> was chosen for a new term in the Yugoslavian Chamber of Republics in 1998. During the early period of the Kosovo War, <mask> stated that "the whole of Serbia [would] be up in arms and react" if ethnic Albanians in Kosovo did not realize that "they live in Serbia, where they can and should exercise all their rights." Yugoslavian cabinet minister and after
In January 1999, the SPO joined a coalition government in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that was led by the SPS, the JUL, and the Socialist People's Party of Montenegro. Vuk Drašković became a deputy prime minister, and <mask> was among the SPO members appointed to the cabinet, serving as a minister without portfolio. A month after his appointment, <mask> joined Drašković in representing the SPO in the Rambouillet talks that sought a negotiated end to the Kosovo War. The Rambouillet talks did not lead to a successful outcome, and the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia began shortly thereafter. As deputy mayor of Belgrade, <mask> played a prominent role in attempting to ensure that the city's services remained as functional as possible.In an interview on American television during the bombing, <mask> accused NATO of attacking civilian targets and of having created a "humanitarian catastrophe [...] in the very downtown of Belgrade." The Yugoslavian government announced a

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić


title: Milan Božić (politician)

texts:
 unilateral ceasefire in Kosovo on 6 April 1999. In an interview with Romanian television, <mask> said that the ceasefire was being offered because the government believed "the terrorists who used the NATO bombings to put pressure on our country are now virtually destroyed." The ceasefire was not accepted by NATO, and the bombings continued. Later in the same month, <mask> took part in a Yugoslavian delegation to meetings in Strasbourg with deputies of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly. This was his last major act as a cabinet minister: Drašković was fired from cabinet on 28 April, and the other SPO ministers including <mask> announced their resignations on the same day. He continued to serve as deputy mayor of Belgrade and to oversee the city's efforts to maintain its infrastructure during the NATO bombing.After leaving the Yugoslavian government, the SPO once again positioned itself in opposition to the Milošević administration. In August 1999, <mask> announced the SPO's rejection of a SPS offer for a unity government in Serbia. He criticized the Serbian government's decision to shut down several media outlets in May 2000, and the following month he described an "anti-terrorism" law passed by the Yugoslavian government as "clearly a political" act that brought the regime closer to "real dictatorship." His term in the Chamber of Republics ended in May 2000, when the SPO boycotted a session of the Serbian assembly in which new federal mandates were chosen. 2000 elections
Slobodan Milošević was defeated by Vojislav Koštunica of the Democratic Opposition of Serbia, a broad and ideologically diverse coalition of parties that did not include the SPO, in the 2000 Yugoslavian presidential election. This event precipitated major changes in the Serbian and Yugoslavian politics. <mask> sought re-election to the Chamber of Republics in the concurrent Yugoslavian assembly election,

masks: Božić Božić Božić Božić Božić


title: Milan Božić (politician)

texts:
 appearing in the second position on the SPO's list.(This was the first and only time that members of the Chamber of Republics were directly elected.) Half of the mandates in this parliamentary election were awarded to parties on successful lists in numerical order, while the other half were distributed to candidates at the discretion of the sponsoring parties or coalitions. The SPO won only a single mandate for the Chamber of Republics, which automatically went to its lead candidate, the noted architect Spasoje Krunić. The SPO also lost all of its seats in the Belgrade assembly in the concurrent 2000 Serbian local elections; <mask> was defeated in his bid for re-election in Vračar's second division. He resigned from the SPO's presidency following the elections. He was not a candidate in the subsequent 2000 Serbian parliamentary election, and his term in the Serbian legislature ended when the new assembly convened in January 2001. Later years
<mask> was appointed to the management board of Naftna Industrija Srbije in 2002 and served until 2005.The SPO contested the 2003 Serbian parliamentary election in an alliance with New Serbia, and <mask> appeared in the fifteenth position on their combined list. By this time, the entire country had been designated as a single electoral division, and all parliamentary mandates were distributed to candidates on successful lists at the discretion of sponsoring parties or coalitions, irrespective of numerical order. Though the list won twenty-two seats, <mask> did  not receive a mandate on this occasion. The SPO joined a new coalition government with the Democratic Party of Serbia (Demokratska stranka Srbije, DSS) and other parties after the election; there were rumours that <mask> would be appointed as deputy leader of Serbia's Security Intelligence Agency, though ultimately this did not occur. He was, however, appointed to the managing board of


title: Milan Božić (politician)

texts:
 Telekom Srbija and served for a time as its chair. In 2005, he indicated that the company would seek to expand its operations by taking over telecommunications companies in the Republika Srpska. He was a member of the Telekom board until 2008 and also served from 2005 to 2009 on a committee for restructuring Serbia's public sector.He appeared on a combined SPO–New Serbia electoral list for the Vračar municipal assembly in the 2004 Serbian local elections and was given the nineteenth position on SPO's list in the 2007 parliamentary election. In each case, the list failed to cross the relevant electoral threshold to win assembly representation. Following a 2011 reform, all mandates in Serbian elections were given to candidates on successful lists in numerical order. <mask> joined the SNS in 2011 and appeared in the twenty-second position on that party's Let's Get Belgrade Moving list for the Belgrade city assembly in the 2012 local elections. The list won thirty-seven mandates, and he returned to the assembly after a twelve year absence. The DS and its allies won the election, and <mask> served in opposition. He did not seek re-election in the 2014 Belgrade City Assembly election.He was appointed as president of the supervisory board of Telekom in 2012, a position that he still holds as of 2021. In 2013, he recommended that the service partner with a foreign company as an alternative to privatization. Electoral record

Local (City Assembly of Belgrade)

References

1952 births
Living people
Politicians from Belgrade
Members of the City Assembly of Belgrade
Members of the National Assembly of Serbia
Members of the Chamber of Republics in the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Government ministers in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Mayors of Belgrade
Democratic Party (Serbia) politicians
Serbian Liberal Party politicians
Serbian Renewal Movement politicians
Serbian

masks: Božić Božić


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
<mask> (March 11, 1925 – February 12, 2016), was professor emeritus of medicine at the University of Hawaii in Honolulu, and a longtime organizer in the Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement. <mask> was the co-founder of an organization of Hawaiian health professionals called, E Ola Mau in 1984. He was also the Founding Chair, of the Department of Medicine at the University of Hawaii John Burns School of Medicine in 1966. He was the convener for the 1993 Kanaka Maoli People's Tribunal, which documented U.S. abuses throughout all major islands in great detail before an international panel of judges, and the primary organizer of Ka Pākaukau (literally, "the Table"), an ongoing forum for dialogue surrounding Kānaka Maoli sovereignty and Hawaiian independence. Early life
<mask> was born March 11, 1925 to Marguerite Nameleonalani Piltz and James Keli‘ikauahi Akana. His mother married William Kaha‘<mask> in 1940. A Graduate of the Kamehameha School for Boys in 1942, and a classmate of former U.S.Senator Daniel K. Akaka during World War II, <mask> was awarded a BA cum laude from the University of Redlands in 1945 (Class Officer, Football Team), a classmate of Warren Christopher, Secretary of State for President Clinton, and an MD from the University of Chicago School of Medicine in 1948. Early medical career
After an Osler medical internship at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland in 1949, he served as a medical resident on the Tulane Medical Service of Charity Hospital in New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1950-1954, he was in the US Army Medical Corps, as an investigator at the Climatic Research Laboratory in

masks:
Richard Kekuni Akana Blaisdell
Blaisdell
Richard Kekuni Akana
i Blaisdell
Blaisdell


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
 Lawrence, Massachusetts. He served as a battalion surgeon in Korea and a medical officer (Internist, US Army 343 Army Hosp) in Koizumi, Japan and Taiwan. In 1954-1955, he became an instructor in pathology at Duke University Hospital in Durham, North Carolina. He then returned to the University of Chicago in 1955 to complete a fellowship in hematology (research on iron enzymes and preleukemia), and he was appointed to the faculty as instructor in 1957 and assistant professor of medicine in 1958. In 1959, he was appointed Chief of Hematology and Research Associate at the Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, where he did research on anemia, leukopenia, myelodysplasia in atomic bomb survivors, and adopted Mitsunori, a Japanese orphan.He returned to the University of Chicago in 1961-1966 as an assistant professor of medicine. His research was on experimental splenic hemolytic anemia and myelodysplasia. Marriage and family
In 1962, <mask> married  Irene Hiroko Saito, RN, in Chicago, IL. with adopted Mitsunori as ring boy. The couple's only daughter,  Helen Kaleleonalani <mask>,  was born in Chicago. Eventually, the family moved back to Hawaiʻi and settled in Nuʻuanu, Oʻahu. Medical career, 1965 to 1973
In 1965, while in Chicago, <mask> received the national Lederle Medical Faculty Teaching Award, and thus became known to Dean Windsor Cutting, former Stanford Medical School dean and newly appointed first dean of the University of Hawaii School of Medicine.In 1966, <mask> became the first Professor and Chair of the Department of Medicine at the newly established University of Hawai'i

masks: Blaisdell Blaisdell Blaisdell Blaisdell


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
 School of Medicine.1,2  He and his wife joined others in lobbying for a four-year medical school. He continued platelet atherosclerosis research. During sabbatical years,  <mask> was a visiting professor of medicine at Rutgers Medical School in 1969 and Harvard Medical School in 1979. He served as an East-West Center medical consultant in the Trust Territory of the Pacific, 1968–1970, and as a University of Hawai'i teaching consultant on Okinawa, 1967-1974. Death
Blaidell died at the age of 90 from respiratory failure in Queen's Medical Center on February 12, 2016. Awards
In 1973, <mask> was named Ha'awi 'Ike Akea Outstanding Professor at the University of Hawaii School of Medicine.1,2

In 1974 Blaidell was named Kamehameha Schools Alumnus of the year.2

In 1975, <mask> received the Kaiser Teaching Award of the University of Hawai'i School of Medicine.2

In 1970-1977, <mask> was appointed, along with served with Mary Kawena Puku'i, to the University of Hawai'i Committee for the Preservation of Hawaiian Language, Art and Culture; in 1972-1976, a member of the University of Hawai'i Native Hawaiian Students Committee, Program and Hawaiian Scholars Program. He served on the 1986-1988 University of Hawai'i System Ka'u (Hawaiian Studies) Task Force and, in 1987-1989, as acting interim director of the then-created University of Hawai'i Center for Hawaiian Studies.2

1970 <mask> served on the Hui Hanai (Queen Lili'uokalanai Children's Center Auxiliary) Board of Directors, as president, 1980-1982.He worked  on the Nana I ke Kumu (Look to the Source) Book Committee, 1972–1979; and Queen's Songbook Committee,

masks: Blaisdell Blaisdell Blaisdell Blaisdell Blaisdell


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
 Rotary Club of West Honolulu. The award recognizes an individual of Hawaiian ancestry whose accomplishments and life have portrayed the idea of high achievement in such fields as art, music, dance, education, science, community service, government, religion, business or sport. The award is named after David Malo whose accomplishments and life exemplify the ideal of high achievement and community service for the betterment of the world around us. 2011 O'o Award April 7, 2011. The ‘Ō‘ō Award has become one of the most prestigious honors presented to outstanding Native Hawaiians who, through their talents, have made significant contributions to improve our communities and the well being of Native Hawaiians. The ‘ō‘ō itself is made from precious hardwoods firmly rooted in the ‘āina. Today, the tool is used as Native Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce’s symbol representing each honoree’s keen sense of firmly rooted values, business acumen, skill, and dedication to service – key ingredients for sustaining success in modern Hawai‘i, while maintaining ancient traditions and values.2015 Kalani Ali'i Award September 12, 2015, Sponsored by:  'Aha Hipu'u:  The Royal Order of Kamehameha I, The 'Ahahui Ka'ahumanu, The Hale O Na Ali'i O Hawai'i & The Daughters and Sons of Hawaiian Warriors - MAMAKAKAUA

Kānaka Maoli Medicine, research and Hawaiian sovereignty movement
Kānaka Maoli. In the 1980s, Dr<mask> discovered the term Kanaka Maoli, in Historical Text. He was the first to ask the questions:  if one compares original historic  descriptions of Hawaiians (robust health) with current statistics (ill health), what is it about


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
 western contact other than the obvious that explains  near extinction of a race? More importantly, what can be done? After this, he began to pioneer serious study of Kanaka Maoli Health Research as a medical field. Na 'Oiwi O Hawaii. In 1984, <mask> helped to found Na 'Oiwi O Hawai'i with the goal of promoting Kanaka Maoli Independence.Na 'Oiwi O Hawai'i sponsored the first Native Hawaiian Sovereignty Conference at The Kamehameha Schools. As a major speaker, <mask> emphasized that the health of Kanaka Maoli is connected to the 'āina, and to  preservation of cultural traditions and knowledge of one's own history and way of life. (This later became the basis for an M. Oneha dissertation, which <mask> nurtured and supported. )3,5

Nā Pu'uwai. In 1986, <mask> joined the board of Na Pu'uwai, a Native Hawaiian Health Care organization of the island of Moloka'i, with Emmett Aluli and Helen O'Connor. Na Pu'uwai became the Moloka'i-Lana'i Native Health Care System and conducted a study that demonstrated that the traditional Kanaka Maoli diet lowered blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels, thereby reducing risk for heart disease. (This later became the basis for the Waianae diet, popularized by T Shintani.)This study intensified interest in growing and eating traditional foods throughout the islands and invigorated the organization of health fairs in Kanaka Maoli communities to revitalize preparation and propagation of foods and other traditional medicines and healing practices. It was also one of the first studies on Kanaka Maoli health conducted largely by Kanaka Maoli themselves.3

Director, Center for Hawaiian


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
 Studies, University of Hawai'i at Manoa. <mask> served as Interim Director from 1987-1988. <mask> served on the Dissertation committees for nearly a dozen Native Hawaiian PhD candidates, including Lilikala Kame'eleihiwa and Kamana'opono Crabbe. He has helped numerous candidates write  PhD papers, including Malcolm Chun.1,2,5

E Ola Mau and Papa Ola Lokahi. <mask> was a pioneer in advocating for accessible and culturally appropriate healthcare for Native Hawaiians. He provided dramatic documentation of worsening Kanaka Maoli health conditions.After authoring the critical health report for the United States Congress Native Hawaiians Study Commission in 1983, he researched and wrote a compelling report identifying the  health needs of Native Hawaiians entitled "E Ola Mau." The report was funded by the US Public Health Services and presented at the East-West Center in December 1985. The following year,  E Ola Mau became an organization of Native Hawaiian Health professionals formed to implement the recommendations of the report. <mask> was among members of E Ola Mau who testified for the Native Hawaiian Health Bill before the US Congress in 1986, 1987 and 1988. The bill was passed in October 1988 with final language provided by members of EOM to establish five Native Hawaiian Health Care Systems on five islands. The bill specified that traditional practices be integrated with services offering western health practices. The organization Papa Ola Lokahi (POL) was formed to provide coordination and oversight.Sovereignty Movement. <mask> credits Puhipau Ahmad and Soli Niheu for inviting him to help start the


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
 Sovereignty Movement in the 1960s. Ahmad (Na Maka O Ka Aina) became the "eyes" of the movement, documenting evictions of Native Hawaiians from their homes at Sand Island and elsewhere. Niheu was the "heart" of the movement, participating in demonstrations, and <mask> became the "brains," researching and writing. It was <mask> who, with his own computer, copying machine, and checkbook, created the Native Hawaiian Tribunal, in which <mask> gathered an international panel of judges, flew the judges from island to island and asked Native Hawaiians on each island to testify as to how they had been affected by the overthrow of the monarchy, by annexation, and by statehood. Disposition of the tribunal documents are now under dispute. <mask> has specified to his attorney specifically where he would like them to reside.Other positions and awards
1987-1989  Wai'anae Coast Comprehensive Health Center Board of Directors. 1988-2006. Ke Ola Mamo, co-founder, board member. 1989. Hawai'i Medical Association (HMSA) Physician of the Year. 1989. Pro Kanaka Maoli Independence Working Group co-founder, convener.Ka Pakaukau, co-founder, convenor. 1990 Honpa Honwanji Living Treasure

1992-3. Convenor, Kanaka Maoli Tribunal Komike Covenor. 1994. Papa Ola Lokahi Ka'onohi Award . 1996. Petra Foundation Fellow in Washington, DC.http://petrafoundation.org/fellows/kekuni-blaisdell/index.html

1997. Asian and Pacific Island American Health Forum Lifetime Achievement Award in San Francisco

1998. Ahahui O na Kauka, charter member, board member. 2000. University of Chicago Alumni Community Service Award. 2001. Consultant, Native Hawaiian


title: Kekuni Blaisdell

texts:
 Center of Excellence, Dept of Native Hawaiian Health, University of Hawaii JABSOM.2003. Prof Emeritus of Medicine, JABSOM. Recipient of the Republic of Palau Joint House and Senate Commendation Resolution and Pacific
Basin Medical Association Recognition and Appreciation Award. 2007. Kekuni Blaisdell Endowment Lectureship was formed at the University of Hawaii by Osamu Fukuyama, M.D. 2008. Awarded the Hawaiian Historical Society's Paa Moolelo Award in appreciation for "steadfast leadership and dedication to promoting and preserving the proud history of our islands."2009. Awarded Honolulu Hawaiian Civic Club "I Ola Ka Lahui" Award. 2010. David Malo Award, West Honolulu Rotary Club

2011. O'O Award, Native Hawaiian Chamber of Commerce

References

1Hawaiian Historical Society, October 20, 2006;
2Kamehameha Schools Alumni Association;
3Biography <mask> Blaisdell, Peace Journal November 1996;

4Message from the Interim Chair (K Brady), Kekuni Blaisdell Endowment Dinner, August 7, 2010;
5Private documents /Dissertation documents;
6 Public Communication @ Moananui Conference, Calvary by the Sea Church 11.09.11

1925 births
2016 deaths
American medical academics
Pritzker School of Medicine alumni
Physicians from Hawaii
Native Hawaiian


title: John Constable

texts:
<mask>  (; 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was an English landscape painter in the Romantic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is known principally for revolutionising the genre of landscape painting with his pictures of Dedham Vale, the area surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his friend <mask> in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling". <mask>'s most famous paintings include Wivenhoe Park (1816), Dedham Vale (1821) and The Hay Wain (1821). Although his paintings are now among the most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful. He became a member of the establishment after he was elected to the Royal Academy of Arts at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more than in his native England and inspired the Barbizon school.Early career

<mask> was born in East Bergholt, a village on the River Stour in Suffolk, to Golding and Ann (Watts<mask>. His father was a wealthy corn merchant, owner of Flatford Mill in East Bergholt and, later, Dedham Mill in Essex. Golding <mask> owned a small ship, The Telegraph, which he moored at Mistley on the Stour estuary, and used to transport corn to London. He was a cousin of the London tea merchant, Abram Newman. Although <mask> was his parents' second son, his older brother was intellectually disabled and <mask> was expected to succeed his father in the business. After a brief period at a boarding school in Lavenham, he was enrolled in a day school in Dedham. <mask> worked in the corn business after leaving school, but his younger brother Abram eventually

masks:
John Constable
John Fisher
Constable
John Constable
) Constable
Constable
Constable
John
Constable


title: John Constable

texts:
 took over the running of the mills.In his youth, <mask> embarked on amateur sketching trips in the surrounding Suffolk and Essex countryside, which was to become the subject of a large proportion of his art. These scenes, in his own words, "made me a painter, and I am grateful"; "the sound of water escaping from mill dams etc., willows, old rotten planks, slimy posts, and brickwork, I love such things." He was introduced to George Beaumont, a collector, who showed him his prized Hagar and the Angel by Claude Lorrain, which inspired <mask>. Later, while visiting relatives in Middlesex, he was introduced to the professional artist <mask> Smith, who advised him on painting but also urged him to remain in his father's business rather than take up art professionally. In 1799, <mask> persuaded his father to let him pursue a career in art, and Golding granted him a small allowance. Entering the Royal Academy Schools as a probationer, he attended life classes and anatomical dissections, and studied and copied old masters. Among works that particularly inspired him during this period were paintings by Thomas Gainsborough, Claude Lorrain, Peter Paul Rubens, Annibale Carracci and Jacob van Ruisdael.He also read widely among poetry and sermons, and later proved a notably articulate artist. In 1802 he refused the position of drawing master at Great Marlow Military College (now Sandhurst), a move which Benjamin West (then master of the RA) counselled would mean the end of his career. In that year, <mask> wrote a letter to <mask> in which he spelled out his determination to become a professional landscape painter:

His early style has many qualities associated with his mature

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John Thomas
Constable
Constable
John Dunthorne


title: John Constable

texts:
 work, including a freshness of light, colour and touch, and reveals the compositional influence of the old masters he had studied, notably of Claude Lorrain. <mask>'s usual subjects, scenes of ordinary daily life, were unfashionable in an age that looked for more romantic visions of wild landscapes and ruins. He made occasional trips further afield. By 1803, he was exhibiting paintings at the Royal Academy. In April he spent almost a month aboard the East Indiaman  as it visited south-east ports while sailing from London to Deal before leaving for China.In 1806 <mask> undertook a two-month tour of the Lake District. He told his friend and biographer, Charles Leslie, that the solitude of the mountains oppressed his spirits, and Leslie wrote:

<mask> adopted a routine of spending winter in London and painting at East Bergholt in summer. In 1811 he first visited <mask> and his family in Salisbury, a city whose cathedral and surrounding landscape were to inspire some of his greatest paintings. To make ends meet, <mask> took up portraiture, which he found dull, though he executed many fine portraits. He also painted occasional religious pictures but, according to <mask>, "<mask>'s incapacity as a religious painter cannot be overstated." Another source of income was country house painting. In 1816, he was commissioned by Major-General Francis Slater-Rebow to paint his country home, Wivenhoe Park, Essex.The Major-General also commissioned a smaller painting of the fishing lodge in the grounds of Alresford Hall, which is now in the National Gallery of Victoria. <mask> used the money from these commissions towards his wedding with Maria Bicknell. Marriage

From 1809,

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Constable
Constable
John Fisher
Constable
John Walker
Constable
Constable


title: John Constable

texts:
 his childhood friendship with Maria Elizabeth Bicknell developed into a deep, mutual love. Their marriage in 1816 when <mask> was 40 was opposed by Maria's grandfather, Dr Rhudde, rector of East Bergholt. He considered the <mask>s his social inferiors and threatened Maria with disinheritance. Maria's father, Charles Bicknell, solicitor to George IV and the Admiralty, was reluctant to see Maria throw away her inheritance. Maria pointed out to <mask> that a penniless marriage would detract from any chances he had of making a career in painting.Golding and <mask>, while approving the match, held out no prospect of supporting the marriage until <mask> was financially secure. After they died in quick succession, <mask> inherited a fifth share in the family business. <mask> and Maria's marriage in October 1816 at St Martin-in-the-Fields (with Fisher officiating) was followed by time at Fisher's vicarage and a honeymoon tour of the south coast. The sea at Weymouth and Brighton stimulated <mask> to develop new techniques of brilliant colour and vivacious brushwork. At the same time, a greater emotional range began to be expressed in his art. Three weeks before their marriage, <mask> revealed that he had started work on his most ambitious project to date In a letter to Maria Bicknell from East Bergholt, he wrote:

The picture was Flatford Mill (Scene on a Navigable River), it was the largest canvas of a working scene on the River Stour that he had worked on to date and the largest he would ever complete largely outdoors. <mask> was determined to paint on a larger scale, his objective was not only to attract more attention at the Royal Academy exhibitions but also, it

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Constable
Constable
John
Ann Constable
Constable
Constable
John
Constable
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title: John Constable

texts:
 seems, to project his ideas about landscape on a scale more in keeping with the achievements of the classical landscape painters he so admired.Although Flatford Mill failed to find a buyer when it was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1817. Its fine and intricate execution drew much praise, encouraging <mask> to move on to the even larger canvases that were to follow. The ‘Six-Footers’

Although he managed to scrape an income from painting, it was not until 1819 that <mask> sold his first important canvas, The White Horse, described by Charles Robert Leslie as ‘on many accounts the most important picture <mask> ever painted'''. The painting (without the frame) sold for the substantial price of 100 guineas to his friend <mask>, finally providing <mask> with a level of financial freedom he had never before known. The White Horse marked an important turning point in <mask>’s career; its success saw him elected an associate of the Royal Academy and it led to a series of six monumental landscapes depicting narratives on the River Stour known as the ‘six-footers’ (named for their scale). Viewed as ‘the knottiest and most forceful landscapes produced in 19th-century Europe’, for many they are the defining works of the artist's career. The series also includes Stratford Mill, 1820 (National Gallery, London); The Hay Wain, 1821 (National Gallery, London); View on the Stour near Dedham, 1822 (Huntington Library and Art Gallery, Los Angeles County); The Lock, 1824 (Private Collection); and The Leaping Horse, 1825 (Royal Academy of Arts, London).The following year, his second six-footer Stratford Mill was exhibited. The Examiner described it as having ‘a more exact look of

masks:
Constable
Constable
Constable
John Fisher
Constable
Constable


title: John Constable

texts: nature than any picture we have ever seen by an Englishman’. The painting was a success, acquiring a buyer in the loyal <mask>, who purchased it for  100 guineas, a price he himself thought too low. Fisher bought the painting for his solicitor and friend, <mask> Tinney. Tinney loved the painting so much, he offered <mask> another 100 guineas to paint a companion picture, an offer the artist didn’t take up. In 1821, his most famous painting The Hay Wain was shown at the Royal Academy's exhibition. Although it failed to find a buyer, It was viewed by some important people of the time, including two Frenchmen, the artist Théodore Géricault and writer Charles Nodier.According to the painter Eugène Delacroix, Géricault returned to France ’quite stunned‘ by <mask>’s painting, while Nodier suggested French artists should also look to nature rather than relying on trips to Rome for inspiration. It was eventually purchased, along with View on the Stour near Dedham, by the Anglo-French dealer <mask>, in 1824. A small painting of Yarmouth Jetty was added to the bargain by <mask>, with the sale totalling £250. Both paintings were exhibited at the Paris Salon that year, where they caused a sensation, with the Hay Wain being awarded a gold medal by Charles X. The Hay Wain was later acquired by the collector Henry Vaughan who donated it to the National Gallery in 1886. Of <mask>'s colour, Delacroix wrote in his journal: "What he says here about the green of his meadows can be applied to every tone". Delacroix repainted the background of his 1824 Massacre de Scio after seeing the Constables at Arrowsmith's Gallery, which he said had done him a great deal of good.A number of

masks:
John Fisher
John Pern
Constable
Constable
John Arrowsmith
Constable
Constable


title: John Constable

texts:
 distractions meant that The Lock wasn't finished in time for the 1823 exhibition, leaving the much smaller Salisbury Cathedral from the Bishop's Grounds as the artist's main entry. This may have occurred after Fisher forwarded <mask> the money for the painting. This both helped him out of a financial difficulty and nudged him along to get the painting done. The Lock was therefore exhibited the following year to more fanfare and sold for 150 guineas on the first day of the exhibition, the only <mask> ever to do so. The Lock is the only upright landscape of the Stour series and the only six-footer that <mask> painted more than one version of. A second version now known as the ‘Foster version’ was painted in 1825 and kept by the artist to send to exhibitions. A third, landscape version, known as ‘A Boat Passing a Lock’ (1826) is now in the collection of the Royal Academy of Arts.<mask>’s final attempt, The Leaping Horse, was the only six-footer from the Stour series that didn’t sell in <mask>’s lifetime. Later life

<mask>’s pleasure at his own success was dampened after his wife started displaying symptoms of tuberculosis. Her growing illness meant that <mask> took lodgings for his family in Brighton from 1824 until 1828, in the hope the sea air could restore her health. During this period <mask> split his time between Charlotte Street in London and Brighton. This change saw <mask> move away from large scale Stour scenes in favour of coastal scenes. He continued painting six-foot canvases, although he was initially unsure of the suitability of Brighton as a subject for painting. In a letter to Fisher in 1824 he wrote

In his lifetime, <mask> sold only 20

masks: Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable


title: John Constable

texts: paintings in England, but in France he sold more than 20 in just a few years.Despite this, he refused all invitations to travel internationally to promote his work, writing to Francis Darby: "I would rather be a poor man [in England] than a rich man abroad." In 1825, perhaps due partly to the worry of his wife's ill-health, the uncongeniality of living in Brighton ("Piccadilly by the seaside"), and the pressure of numerous outstanding commissions, he quarreled with Arrowsmith and lost his French outlet.Chain Pier, Brighton was his only ambitious six-foot painting of a Brighton subject, it was exhibited in 1827. The <mask>s persevered in Brighton for five years to aid Maria’s health, but to no avail. After the birth of their seventh child in January 1828, they returned to Hampstead where Maria died on 23 November at the age of 41. Intensely saddened, <mask> wrote to his brother Golding, "hourly do I feel the loss of my departed Angel—God only knows how my children will be brought up...the face of the World is totally changed to me". Thereafter, he dressed in black and was, according to Leslie, "a prey to melancholy and anxious thoughts". He cared for his seven children alone for the rest of his life.The children were <mask>, Maria Louisa, Charles Golding, Isobel, Emma, Alfred, and Lionel. Only Charles Golding <mask> produced offspring, a son. Shortly before Maria died, her father had also died, leaving her £20,000. <mask> speculated disastrously with the money, paying for the engraving of several mezzotints of some of his landscapes in preparation for a publication. He was hesitant and indecisive, nearly fell out with his engraver, and when the folios were

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title: John Constable

texts: published, could not interest enough subscribers. <mask> collaborated closely with mezzotinter David Lucas on 40 prints after his landscapes, one of which went through 13 proof stages, corrected by <mask> in pencil and paint. <mask> said, "Lucas showed me to the public without my faults", but the venture was not a financial success.This period saw his art move from the serenity of its earlier phase, to a more broken and accented style. The turmoil and distress of his mind is clearly seen in his later six-foot masterpieces Hadleigh Castle (1829) and Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows (1831), which are amongst his most expressive pieces. He was elected to the Royal Academy in February 1829, at the age of 52. In 1831 he was appointed Visitor at the Royal Academy, where he seems to have been popular with the students. He began to deliver public lectures on the history of landscape painting, which were attended by distinguished audiences. In a series of lectures at the Royal Institution, <mask> proposed a three-fold thesis: firstly, landscape painting is scientific as well as poetic; secondly, the imagination cannot alone produce art to bear comparison with reality; and thirdly, no great painter was ever self-taught. He also spoke against the new Gothic Revival movement, which he considered mere "imitation".In 1835, his last lecture to students of the Royal Academy, in which he praised Raphael and called the Academy the "cradle of British art", was "cheered most heartily". He died on the night of 31 March 1837, apparently from heart failure, and was buried with Maria in the graveyard of St John-at-Hampstead Church in Hampstead in London. (His children <mask> <mask>

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title: John Constable

texts:
 and Charles Golding <mask> are also buried in this family tomb.) Locations
Bridge Cottage is a National Trust property, open to the public. Nearby Flatford Mill and Willy Lott's Cottage (the house visible in The Hay Wain) are used by the Field Studies Council for courses. The largest collection of original <mask> paintings outside London is on display at Christchurch Mansion in Ipswich. Somerville College, Oxford is in possession of a portrait by <mask>.Art

<mask> quietly rebelled against the artistic culture that taught artists to use their imagination to compose their pictures rather than nature itself. He told Leslie, "When I sit down to make a sketch from nature, the first thing I try to do is to forget that I have ever seen a picture". Although <mask> produced paintings throughout his life for the "finished" picture market of patrons and R.A. exhibitions, constant refreshment in the form of on-the-spot studies was essential to his working method. He was never satisfied with following a formula. "The world is wide", he wrote, "no two days are alike, nor even two hours; neither were there ever two leaves of a tree alike since the creation of all the world; and the genuine productions of art, like those of nature, are all distinct from each other." <mask> painted many full-scale preliminary sketches of his landscapes to test the composition in advance of finished pictures. These large sketches, with their free and vigorous brushwork, were revolutionary at the time, and they continue to interest artists, scholars and the general public.The oil sketches of The Leaping Horse and The Hay Wain, for example, convey a vigour and expressiveness missing from

masks: Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable


title: John Constable

texts: <mask>'s finished paintings of the same subjects. Possibly more than any other aspect of <mask>'s work, the oil sketches reveal him in retrospect to have been an avant-garde painter, one who demonstrated that landscape painting could be taken in a totally new direction. <mask>'s watercolours were also remarkably free for their time: the almost mystical Stonehenge, 1835, with its double rainbow, is often considered to be one of the greatest watercolours ever painted. When he exhibited it in 1836, <mask> appended a text to the title: "The mysterious monument of Stonehenge, standing remote on a bare and boundless heath, as much unconnected with the events of past ages as it is with the uses of the present, carries you back beyond all historical records into the obscurity of a totally unknown period." In addition to the full-scale oil sketches, <mask> completed numerous observational studies of landscapes and clouds, determined to become more scientific in his recording of atmospheric conditions. The power of his physical effects was sometimes apparent even in the full-scale paintings which he exhibited in London; The Chain Pier, 1827, for example, prompted a critic to write: "the atmosphere possesses a characteristic humidity about it, that almost imparts the wish for an umbrella". The sketches themselves were the first ever done in oils directly from the subject in the open air, with the notable exception of the oil sketches Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes made in Rome around 1780.To convey the effects of light and movement, <mask> used broken brushstrokes, often in small touches, which he scumbled over lighter passages, creating an impression of sparkling light