title: Jennifer Hale

texts:
 also worked as a production assistant at age 17. She attended Birmingham–Southern College, where she found the program's style was broader than what she wanted to do, and realized that she was more interested in film acting than theater acting. She graduated with a business degree. She began working as an actress and continued doing voice-overs, commuting frequently between Birmingham and Atlanta, Georgia. Career

<mask>'s first big break in acting was in 1988 for the made-for-television movie A Father's Homecoming, which was an NBC movie of the week. She was also selected among a group of about six thousand girls in a nationwide search to be in several episodes of the Santa Barbara soap opera television series. After doing more regional work, she eventually moved to Los Angeles, where she took on sporadic guest roles typical for young actresses on shows such as Melrose Place, ER, and Charmed.Her first major voice-over role in cartoons was the main character Ivy in Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego? which was based on the computer game series. As it was her first cartoon, she sought extra classes and training. The show spanned multiple seasons until its final broadcast in 1999. <mask> enjoyed the project and noted that it was one of the first network TV cartoons that met the educational requirements. <mask>'s next animation project was Skeleton Warriors where "there were ten cast members, [two] of whom were girls, and we blew stuff up and cartoon maimed each other every week." The development of a tie-in video game for Carmen Sandiego gave <mask> the opportunity to do her first ever voice-over for a video game.She describes her time with the game as a "really confusing experience" as it required a lot more lines and time than the show did. Her next major video game was with BioWare on their Baldur's Gate series on various roles, which would eventually lead to large roles in Mass Effect and other titles. She has been involved in many

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale


title: Jennifer Hale

type: original

texts: other cartoons. In 1994, she was cast as Felicia Hardy/Black Cat in Spider-Man, the first in a long line of Marvel Comics characters she has voiced. She plays Cinderella and Princess Aurora in various Disney projects. In 2003, <mask> voiced Mrs. Little in the short-lived Stuart Little TV series. <mask> has provided the voice of lead character Sam and rival character Mandy in the French- and Canadian-produced animated television series Totally Spies!.In a 2004 interview, she said "I'm so happy that David (Michel, creator and producer), Jamie (Simone, voice director) and everyone gave me the opportunity to be part of the show, it's been one of my absolute favorite experiences." She describes Sam as "smart and adventurous, but now you see more of her wacky side and her girly side as well," and Mandy as a "total snot, which is fun too." She voiced the two characters as well as others for the show's six seasons and its feature movie. <mask> voiced Bastila Shan in Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic and returned for a brief appearance in the sequel Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II – The Sith Lords. She later voiced the female version of Jaden Korr in Star Wars: Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy. In the BioWare MMOPRG Star Wars: The Old Republic, <mask> voiced the Republic Trooper Female as well as the recurring NPC Jedi Grand Master Satele Shan. <mask> interpreted the voices of Fall-From-Grace and Deionarra in the role-playing computer game Planescape: Torment.She is also known as the "voice" of Samus Aran in all three games in the Metroid Prime trilogy, providing grunts and screams as the player moves and takes damage. <mask> is also known for playing several voices in the Metal Gear Solid series (Naomi Hunter in Metal Gear Solid and Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots, and Emma Emmerich in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty). <mask> was also the voice of Jean Grey in Wolverine and the X-Men and Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two

masks: Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale Hale


title: Jennifer Hale

texts:
 Worlds as well as a small role in Swat Kats. She also voiced British mercenary <mask> in Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction and Mercenaries 2: World in Flames. In 2011, she was the voice of Ms. Marvel (Carol Danvers) on Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes. She provided the voice of Leah in Diablo III, and appeared as Rosalind Lutece in BioShock Infinite. <mask> also played the role of Krem, a trans man character in BioWare's Dragon Age: Inquisition.<mask> was selected to voice Commander Shepard, the main player character in the Mass Effect series. She had said that she is very invested in helping to "create" the stories of video games, though she herself is not a gamer. Although <mask> does object to certain lines if they seem out-of-character in other works, she prefers not to mess with the words for Shepard and BioWare. Although reports showed that only 18% of players chose to play as a female Shepard in Mass Effect 2, vocal support for her character was high, leading to the fan-driven nickname "FemShep" and an e-mail campaign to put her character on the cover of Mass Effect 3. She was nominated for "Best Performance by a Human Female" at the 2010 Spike Video Game Awards,  in 2012, she was nominated again for Mass Effect 3. Influences and reception

In an interview with The Geek Forge regarding her influences, <mask> cited voice actors such as Dee Bradley Baker, Grey DeLisle, Phil LaMarr, Tress MacNeille, Kath Soucie, Frank Welker, and April Winchell, with emphasis on LaMarr. She also admires the work of actors Judi Dench, Edward James Olmos, and Mary McDonnell.<mask>'s peers and critics have noted her versatility in her roles: Michael Abbott, a professor at Wabash College who blogs about video games, said that she has made herself "untraceable" despite having voiced dozens of roles. Journalist Tom Bissell noted that she has been referred as "a kind of Meryl Streep of the form". In an interview, she said, "I love the anonymity.

masks:
Jennifer Mui
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale
Hale


title: Jennifer Hale

texts:
 I could walk through Comic Con, and no matter how many people who might be a fan of what I do, we're in proximity and no one knew. I'm invisible. If I'd have done as many on-camera roles as I've done voiceover, I couldn't go to the grocery store in peace." She stated in the same interview, "As cheesy as it sounds, the player is the star of the game.That's the beauty of games—that it's you that inhabits it. It's not about someone else, it's about that you get to be that person, and if I do my job right, I as a person disappear. Your experience is primary." Personal life
<mask> lives in the Los Angeles area. She has a son. She has several pets and enjoys the outdoors, stating that she might have become an architect because she likes to redo houses. She has said that she was not allowed to watch cartoons as a child, and had not played any video games until her 2011 interview with Tom Bissell for The New Yorker, in which she played Mass Effect for the first time.She likes horses and has mentioned being part of the local evacuation response team that rescues horses from advancing wildfires. Filmography

Notes

References

Book references

External links

 <mask> at Behind The Voice Actors

  – Video interview

Living people
American film actresses
American television actresses
American video game actresses
American voice actresses
American people of Inuit descent
Actresses from Birmingham, Alabama
Actresses from Atlanta
Actresses from Newfoundland and Labrador
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from Georgia (U.S. state)
Actresses from California
People from Happy Valley-Goose Bay
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian expatriate actresses in the United States
Canadian people of Inuit descent
Canadian television actresses
Canadian video game actresses
Canadian voice actresses
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Year of birth missing (living

masks:
Hale
Jennifer Hale


title: Faeq al-Mir arrest controversy

texts:
The Faeq al-Mir arrest controversy refers to the arrest, imprisonment, and calls for release of <mask>-Mir, leader of the Syrian People’s Democratic Party, after he telephoned Elias Atallah, a Lebanese politician critical of Syrian policies there. In the call, taped by Syrian Intelligence forces, al-Mir gave condolences to Atallah regarding the assassination of Pierre Gemayel, Lebanon's Minister of Industry. Al-Mir was detained by Syrian security forces at his home in Latakia on December 13, 2006, and charged in March 2007 with "undertaking acts that weaken national sentiment during times of conflict" and "communicating with a foreign country to incite it to initiate aggression against Syria or to provide it with the means to do so." On December 31, 2007, Damascus's First Criminal Court ruled him guilty of "circulating false or exaggerated news which would weaken the morale of the nation" and sentenced him to three years in prison, though the duration was immediately reduced to 18 months. Human rights groups, including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, criticized the arrest and demanded al-Mir's unconditional release. Background
Having worked together for communist organizations in the mid-1980s, <mask> and Elias Atallah boasted a close relationship at the time of the arrest. Al-Mir, a human rights activist, led the left-wing People’s Democratic Party, an unauthorized party critical of the Syrian government.Atallah was the leader and sole parliamentarian of the Democratic Left Movement, a leftist Lebanese party. He was also a senior figure in the March 14 Alliance, a Lebanese parliamentary coalition critical of Syrian policies. The two conversed over the phone several times prior to the arrest. They often lamented the assassinations of

masks:
Faeq al
Faeq al Mir


title: Faeq al-Mir arrest controversy

texts:
 call is unheard of... every free and democratic Lebanese citizen is in solidarity with [Mir] and his comrades, and they demand that he is set free along with all the political prisoners in Syria.”

According to NOW Lebanon, al-Mir's indictment implied that "any support for March 14 – the ruling parliamentary majority in Lebanon – is tantamount to treason," a precedent that was "portentous for the future of Lebanese-Syrian relations or for the revitalization of democracy inside of Syria." In a letter smuggled out of Adra Prison and published by a Lebanese newspaper, al-Mir and five other imprisoned activists denounced the "repressive climate" in their country and wrote "Our situation as prisoners of conscience is part ... of the crisis of public freedoms and human rights in Syria, which started with the state of emergency imposed 44 years ago."Al-Mir was released from prison on July 13, 2008 after spending a year and a half in prison. During the Syrian Uprising
<mask> al-Mir became actively involved in the Syrian uprising (2011–present) right from the beginning. As a result, he went into hiding in Ghouta near Damascus to avoid arrest by the security agencies of the Syrian government. However, on Monday October 7, 2013, he was arrested during a visit to the city of Damascus. <mask> al-Mir is known among supporters of the Syrian opposition with the title "al-e'mem" (Levantine Arabic: العميم, meaning "the uncle") in recognition for his lifelong political activism against the dictatorship of Al-Assad family in Syria. See also
National Progressive Front
Politics of Syria

References

Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Syria
Human rights abuses
Emergency laws
Political repression in Syria
Politics of Syria
Syrian prisoners and

masks: Faeq Faeq


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
Joseph Michael Laurinaitis (September 12, 1960 – September 22, 2020), better known by his ring name <mask> (or simply <mask>), was an American professional wrestler. Along with <mask>, he was one half of the tag team The Road Warriors/The Legion of Doom. He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF and WCW, competing for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship at 2001's Sin. <mask> was inducted with Hawk and their manager Paul Ellering into the WWE Hall of Fame in 2011. Early life
Laurinaitis was born in Philadelphia on September 12, 1960 to Lithuanian parents. He grew up in Minnesota, having to work for a living from a very early age. He attended Irondale High School.Because of his size and love of power lifting, Laurinaitis was an imposing figure and thus a very effective bouncer. He worked as a bouncer at Grandma B's in the Twin Cities where he caught the eye of Eddie Sharkey, a well-known wrestling trainer. Sharkey thought that Laurinaitis and Mike Hegstrand, Richard Rood, and Barry Darsow could make it big in professional wrestling, and trained all four of them. Professional wrestling career

Early career (1982–1983)
Laurinaitis made his debut in November 1982, competing as The Road Warrior using a biker gimmick. After only a few matches as a singles competitor, his career and life would change thanks to an idea by Paul Ellering. American and Japanese territories (1983–1986)

When Paul Ellering was looking to put together a stable of heels in Georgia Championship Wrestling (GCW) called "The Legion of Doom", it was decided to put Laurinaitis together with his good friend Mike Hegstrand and change their names to "<mask>" and "Hawk"

masks:
Road Warrior Animal
Animal
Road Warrior Hawk
Animal
Animal


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 respectively. Thus, the Road Warriors were born.They first started out as biker gimmicks; on The Road Warriors DVD, <mask> said he felt like one of the Village People. To look more intimidating, the two shaved their heads into Mohawks and started wearing studded dog collars, spiked shoulder pads, and face paint. The look and name were taken from The Road Warrior, helping to paint the two as no-mercy monsters. Their interview style was vicious, yet charismatic and a bit humorous. The team was an instant hit, revolutionizing the tag-team scene with their power moves, no mercy attitudes, and innovative face paint that would spawn many future imitators in wrestling. In Georgia, they won the NWA National Tag Team Championship four times before moving on to bigger promotions, such as the American Wrestling Association in the US and All Japan Pro Wrestling, winning more tag team titles. Jim Crockett Promotions (1986–1990)
Their hard hitting style, no nonsense attitude, and winning ways made the Road Warriors fan favorites.Even when they were booked as heels, the fans refused to boo them. They started to split their time between the AWA and the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) until finally leaving the AWA for big money contracts with the NWA and a huge push for the monster duo. The move paid off instantly as they won the inaugural Jim Crockett Sr. Memorial Cup Tag Team Tournament and feuded with the top stars of the NWA such as The Four Horsemen and The Russian Team (which included the Road Warriors' old training buddy Barry Darsow). During their initial run in the NWA, they helped popularize the WarGames match, the Scaffold match, and their


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 trademark Chicago Street Fight. In 1988, the Road Warriors engaged in a violent feud with The Powers of Pain (The Barbarian and The Warlord) the first team that could truly match the Road Warriors in power (and who were one of the most well known Road Warrior clones). The Powers of Pain even went so far as to injure <mask>'s eye (kayfabe) during a weightlifting competition. When <mask> returned, he initially wore a hockey goalie mask to protect his eye.The angle abruptly ended when the Powers of Pain left the NWA after finding out they were booked against the Road Warriors in a series of Scaffold Matches and they did not want to get hurt by falling off the scaffold. Near the end of 1988, the Road Warriors captured the NWA World Tag Team Championship from The Midnight Express whom they mauled in short order to win the titles. After being the "Uncrowned champions" for a long time the Road Warriors' run with the tag team titles was short-lived. Teddy Long used a fast count to cheat the Road Warriors out of their titles. In their last year with the NWA, the Warriors feuded mainly with The Varsity Club, The Samoan Swat Team, and The Skyscrapers before leaving the NWA in the summer of 1990, due to conflicts with Jim Herd. World Wrestling Federation (1990–1992)
The Road Warriors immediately signed with the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) in 1990 and were pushed into a feud with the most famous of all "Road Warrior Clones", Demolition, a group which included their old training partner Barry Darsow. Due to the ailing health of one of Demolition (Ax) he was replaced by Crush but the magic of the original Demolition was gone and the feud did not live

masks: Animal Animal


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 up to the high hopes of the fans.Just over a year after signing with the WWF, the Legion of Doom won the WWF Tag Team Championship and held it for about eight months. When they lost the titles, they briefly left the WWF, only to return with longtime manager Paul Ellering by their side, as well as a wooden ventriloquist dummy called "Rocco". Both members of the L.O.D. thought the Rocco gimmick was stupid, and it led to Hegstrand walking out of the WWF immediately following SummerSlam 1992, leaving Laurinaitis on his own for the first time in nine years. <mask> went ahead and finished his contractual obligations with the WWF, as a singles wrestler and occasionally teaming with former rival Crush, formerly of Demolition. During a handicap match in Japan against the Beverly Brothers in September 1992, Laurinaitis legitimately injured his back from a botched double suplex and had to take a lengthy hiatus. His last match was a victory over Papa Shango in San Francisco, California on October 16.After this his back was too injured to allow him to wrestle. World Championship Wrestling (1993, 1996)
Laurinaitis made some non-wrestling appearances in WCW in 1993. On August 18, at the Clash of the Champions XXIV, <mask> made his appearance, getting out of a black Camaro Z28 indicating his partner Hawk was Dustin Rhodes' mystery partner against Rick Rude and The Equalizer. On September 19, at Fall Brawl, <mask> was the advisor for Sting's team, consisting of Sting, Davey Boy Smith, Dustin Rhodes, and The Shockmaster for WarGames, defeating Big Van Vader, Sid Vicious, and Harlem Heat. For the next couple of years, Laurinaitis stayed out of the wrestling

masks: Animal Animal Animal


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 ring, collecting on an insurance policy from Lloyd's of London while Hegstrand competed all over the world. Near the end of 1995, Laurinaitis' back had finally recovered enough for him to return to active competition. Three years after everyone thought the Road Warriors had ended, they reunited and signed a contract with World Championship Wrestling.On January 4, 1996, <mask> seconded Hawk in his match against Scott Norton in New Japan Pro-Wrestling's annual Tokyo Dome show. Upon their return in January 1996, they immediately started a feud with the Steiner Brothers, who returned in March, and Harlem Heat, before moving on to challenge the WCW Tag Team Champions Sting and Lex Luger. The Road Warriors had several shots at the champions but never won the title in the six months they were with the company. The Steiner Brothers also arrived shortly after the Warriors did, and feuded with them to try to prove who the best team of all time was. The Steiners got the better of the feud and the Warriors left WCW in June 1996. Return to WWF (1997–1999)
After leaving WCW they returned to the WWF where the Legion of Doom took part in the Stone Cold Steve Austin vs. the Hart Foundation feud, siding with Austin against the Harts. The Legion of Doom also became two-time tag team champions on October 7, 1997, when they defeated The Godwinns.In November 1997, the Legion of Doom faced the newly formed New Age Outlaws (<mask> Dogg and Billy Gunn) and lost the titles to the upstart team. After several unsuccessful challenges the L.O.D. were repackaged as "Legion of Doom 2000" with manager Sunny, although she did not stay with the team for long. At the same

masks: Animal Road


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 time, Paul Ellering returned, but sided with D.O.A., whom L.O.D. were feuding with at the time; Ellering and <mask> explained on the Road Warriors DVD that it was hard for Ellering to work with another team against the Road Warriors and difficult to rip on his former team on promos. In 1998, the Legion of Doom became involved in their most controversial angle; playing off Hegstrand's real life drug and alcohol problems. Hawk started to show up drunk or "unable to perform" on TV.As Hawk proved more and more erratic and unreliable, a third L.O.D. member, Puke, was introduced to team with <mask> while Hawk dealt with his personal issues. The storyline ended with accusations that Puke had been the "enabler" of Hawk's problems, exploiting them to take Hawk's place in the team. During the controversial segment, Hawk was shown to have fallen off the Titan Tron. Neither Hegstrand nor Laurinaitis approved of the WWF exploiting Hegstrand's personal problems, which caused them to subsequently leave the WWF. While the Road Warriors never officially broke up, <mask> started making an increasing number of solo appearances after they left the WWF as Hegstrand struggled with drug and alcohol addiction. Return to Japan, Australia and independent circuit (1999–2000)
After his release from WWF, the Road Warriors wrestled at the AJPW Giant Baba Memorial Show defeating Jun Akiyama and Kenta Kobashi in Tokyo, Japan on May 2, 1999.In 2000, the Road Warriors worked for i-Generation Superstars of Wrestling in Australia feuding with The Public Enemy over the i-Generation Tag Titles. They also worked in the independent circuit. Later that year, <mask> wrestled for

masks: Animal Animal Animal Animal


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 Battlearts in Japan as Animal <mask> teaming with Alexander Otsuka. Return to WCW (2001)
In January 2001 <mask> returned with a prominent position in WCW as the "enforcer" of the stable known as The Magnificent Seven with the objective to protect WCW World Champion Scott Steiner. He appeared on the main event of Sin for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship against champion Scott Steiner, Jeff Jarrett and Sid Vicious in a four corners match. Steiner retained the title. The Magnificent Seven split up shortly before Vince McMahon purchased WCW in March 2001; <mask>'s contract was not one of the contracts the WWF picked up.Later career (2001–2008)
After WCW folded; <mask> reunited with Hawk at Jersey Championship Wrestling defeating the Moondogs 2000 in Lodi, New Jersey on September 8, 2001. The Road Warriors mainly continued working in the independent circuit. In 2002, <mask> once again returned to All Japan Pro Wrestling as <mask> teaming with Keiji Muto. In 2003, The Road Warriors last stint was for Fighting of World Japan Pro Wrestling feuding with the Shane Twins. Hawk would die on October 19, 2003. After Hawk's death, <mask> returned to the ring nearly a year later focusing on his singles career. On May 11, 2008, <mask> teamed with <mask> to defeat Damián 666 and El Terrible to win the UWA Tag titles for Toryumon Mexico Dragonmania III in Mexico City, Mexico.<mask> would then retire from wrestling. Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2002–2003, 2007, 2016)
The Road Warriors appeared in Total Nonstop Action Wrestling in late 2002 to early 2003 as part of a group that opposed Vince Russo's faction Sports Entertainment Xtreme, but would only

masks:
Warrior
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal Warrior
Animal
Animal
Power Warrior
Animal


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 wrestle one actual match for the promotion. On June 17, 2007, <mask> Warrior <mask> returned to Total Nonstop Action Wrestling on the pay-per-view, Slammiversary, with Rick Steiner; he replaced Scott Steiner, who was out with an injury. They ended up losing to Team 3D. On December 15, 2016, <mask> returned to TNA for a guest appearance on the Impact Wrestling special, "Total Nonstop Deletion". Second return to WWE (2003, 2005–2006, 2011–2012)
<mask> and Hawk made a surprise appearance on Raw on May 12, 2003 when they took on Kane and Rob Van Dam for the World Tag Team Championship. This would be the last time the two would pair together as Hawk died a few months later in October.<mask> made a return to WWE on the July 14 episode of SmackDown! in 2005, where he was challenged by the then-WWE Tag Team Champions MNM to a title match at The Great American Bash. Finding a new tag team partner in Heidenreich, <mask> went on to defeat MNM for the titles, dedicating the win to Hawk by saying, "Hawk, this one was for you, brother!" The two would team up for a few months in a new chapter of the Legion of Doom, with Heidenreich adopting the L.O.D. 's shoulder pads, face paint, and mohawk haircut. However, this came to an end with Heidenreich's release from WWE on January 17, 2006. On the March 3, 2006, episode of SmackDown!, <mask> teamed up with Matt Hardy to face MNM.After he and Hardy lost the match, <mask> turned heel for the second time in his career by attacking and injuring Hardy's knee. <mask> reasoned that he had realized that Hardy and Heidenreich were screw-ups and that <mask> Warrior Hawk was the only tag team legend and partner for him.

masks: Road Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Animal Road


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 After the heel turn, <mask>, once again known simply as "<mask> Warrior", would drop many aspects of the well-known <mask> Warrior gimmick, losing the face paint, and shoulder pads. <mask>'s look at this time was similar to his old Road Warrior gimmick in the early 1980s he had prior to teaming up with Hawk. On the March 17 episode of SmackDown!, <mask> lost to Hardy in a Money in the Bank qualifying match. <mask> was defeated by United States Champion Chris Benoit on the March 31 episode of SmackDown!. In his final WWE match, <mask> defeated Paul Burchill on the May 6, 2006, episode of Velocity.On June 26, 2006, <mask> was released from his WWE contract. WWE announced on March 28, 2011, on Raw that the Road Warriors would be inducted into the 2011 Hall of Fame. <mask> also spoke openly about his future induction on Right After Wrestling just minutes after the announcement on WWE Raw. <mask> told hosts, Arda Ocal and Jim Korderas that the WWE was going to create a physical Hall of Fame in Tampa and he was going to donate his trademarked 'spiked-shoulder pads' to that Hall. On the July 20, 2012, episode of SmackDown on Syfy, <mask> returned to face Heath Slater in honor of [[WWE Raw 1000|''Raws 1,000th episode]]. He went on to squash Slater. He then reappeared on the actual 1,000th episode on July 23 with other WWE Legends to help Lita take down Slater, in what would be <mask>'s final WWE appearance and the last match that he wrestled.All In (2018)
On September 1, 2018, <mask> made a surprise appearance at All In to open the event. SWE FURY (2020)
On the June 12, 2020 episode of SWE Fury, a Plano, TX based nationally televised wrestling

masks:
Animal
The Road
Road
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal
Animal


title: Road Warrior Animal

texts:
 Illustrated made a joke about borrowing his father's shoulder pads and later did an interview with him that included a picture of him wearing them. He was drafted by the St. Louis Rams in the second round as the 35th overall pick in the 2009 NFL Draft, and played with the Rams through the team's final season in St. Louis in 2015, after which he moved to the New Orleans Saints. In July 2016, Laurinaitis was named part of a class action lawsuit filed against WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury. The suit was litigated by attorney Konstantine Kyros, who had been involved in a number of other lawsuits against WWE. US District Judge Vanessa Lynne Bryant dismissed the lawsuit in September 2018. An appeal was filed but the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit dismissed it two weeks before Laurinaitis's death.Death
Laurinaitis died of a heart attack on September 22, 2020, ten days after his 60th birthday, at the Margaritaville Resort (formerly known as the Tan-Tar-A Resort) in Osage Beach, Missouri. WWE released a statement regarding his death. Former Road Warriors manager Paul Ellering along with numerous others also paid tribute. It was later confirmed that Laurinaitis died from a sudden heart attack shortly after he and his wife’s wedding anniversary celebrations. He had collapsed on the bed when he and his wife went back to their room. 2Hawk and <mask>'s reign with this championship also happened after Ted Turner bought and renamed the promotion. However, it took place before the title was renamed the WCW World Tag Team


title: Dara Rasmi

texts:
<mask>mi, The Princess consort (; , , , August 26, 1873 – December 9, 1933), was a princess of Chiang Mai and Siam (later Thailand) and the daughter of King Inthawichayanon of Chiang Mai and Queen Thip Keson of Chiang Mai descended from the Chet Ton Dynasty. She was one of the princess consorts of Chulalongkorn, King Rama V of Siam and gave birth to one daughter by King Chulalongkorn, Princess Vimolnaka Nabisi. Early life
Princess <mask> of Chiang Mai was born on 26 August 1873 at Khum Luang in Chiang Mai, Lanna (now Northern Thailand). She was a daughter of King Inthawichayanon and Thip Keson of Chiang Mai. Her mother was a daughter of King Kawilorot and Queen Usa. Princess <mask>mi had one elder sister, Princess Chantra Sopha of Chiang Mai, who died as a child. As a young girl, Dara Rasami was educated in different languages and traditional royal customs.She was taught in and was proficient in Thai, Tai Yuan, and English, as well as in the traditional royal customs of both Lanna and Siam. Her favorite sport was horse riding, and later in life she was said to be a skilled horsewoman. To the royal palace
As the British encroached further and further into Burma in the 1860s and '70s, Siam became concerned that England wanted to annex the Kingdom of Chiang Mai (later northern Thailand). In 1883 a rumor spread that Queen Victoria wanted to adopt Princess Dara Rasami of Chiang Mai, which the Siamese saw as a British attempt to take over Lanna. King Chulalongkorn then sent his brother Prince Phicit Prichakorn to Chiang Mai to propose an engagement to Dara Rasami to become the king's concubine. In 1886, she left Chiang Mai to enter the Grand Palace in Bangkok, where she was given the title Chao Chom <mask> Rasami of the Chakri Dynasty. Life in the Grand Palace
When <mask> Rasami arrived at the Grand Palace her father sent money from Chiang Mai to

masks:
Dara Rasa
Dara Rasami
Dara Rasa
Dara
Dara


title: Dara Rasmi

texts:
 King Chulalongkorn to build a new house for her.While she lived in the Grand Palace, Dara Rasami and the ladies in her entourage were ribbed and called "Lao ladies," as well as teased that they "smelled of fermented fish." Despite these difficulties, Dara Rasami and her entourage always wore Chiang Mai style textiles for their skirts (known as pha sin) with their long hair pulled up into a bun on the back of the head, in contrast to the clothing and hairstyles of the Siamese women. After seeing stage plays in Bangkok, Dara Ratsami wrote a dramatic plot for a dance-drama in the northern style. Since then, many northern-style dances have been adapted for the stage. She gave birth to King Chulalongkorn's daughter, Princess Vimolnaka Nabisi, on 2 October 1889, whereupon the king promoted her to the rank of Chao Chom Manda from Chao Chom. However, when her daughter was only two years, eight months old, she became ill and died on 21 February 1892. Her death brought sadness to the King, and the royal families of both the Siamese and Chiang Mai kingdoms.Princess <mask> Rasami was so distraught after her only daughter's death, that she destroyed all photos and portraits of her as well as those of her husband and daughter together. The child's ashes were divided in half, with one part kept with her mother's ashes in the Chiang Mai Royal Cemetery at Wat Suan Dok, and the other in the Royal Cemetery, Wat Ratchabophit, Bangkok. On 12 February 1908, King Chulalongkorn raised Chao Chom Manda <mask> Rasami to  Her Highness Princess <mask> Rasami , The Princess consort or Chao Dara Rasami Phra Racha Chaya, in the only such promotion ever. Her title as fifth consort remained junior to those of the other four royal consorts, Sunandha Kumariratana, Sukumalmarsri, Savang Vadhana and Saovabha Phongsri. Return to Chiang Mai
From the time she became Princess

masks: Dara Dara Dara


title: Dara Rasmi

texts:
 Consort in 1886, <mask> Rasami returned to Chiang Mai twice. In 1908, King Intavarorot Suriyavongse of Chiang Mai, who was her half brother, came to Bangkok and visited King Chulalongkorn. At that time, Princess <mask> Rasami asked for permission from King Chulalongkorn to visit her relatives in Chiang Mai, which he granted.However, King Chulalongkorn was concerned for her safety on the long journey. On 2 February 1909, the King along with the royal family, officials of the department and senior government officials, came to send her off by train at Samsen train station. The King ordered his brother, Prince Damrong Rajanubhab and Prince Dilok Noppharat (son of King Chulalongkorn and Lady Thipkesorn of Chiang Mai) to meet Princess <mask> Rasami at Nakorn Sawan from where she traveled to Chiang Mai by boat. At that time, transportation was very slow and it took Dara Rasami two months and nine days to travel to Chiang Mai, where she arrived on 9 April 1909. Chao Phraya Surasri Wisitsak, the governor general of northwest territory, the royal family of Chiang Mai, soldiers and people from all over Lan Na came to celebrate her arrival. While in Chiang Mai, <mask> Rasami visited her relatives in Lamphun and Lampang as well as the people in Lan Na. She and King Chulalongkorn corresponded regularly via many affectionate letters throughout the time she was away from Bangkok.Princess Dara Rasami returned to Bangkok after about six months. Upon her return, the King and the royal family, government officials and people came to receive her with 100 royal boats at Ang Thong. From there, she and the King went to Bang Pa-In Royal Palace, where they stayed for two days before returning to Bangkok on 26 November 1909. Death of King Chulalongkorn
After Dara Rasami came back to Bangkok, she moved into a new house, Suan Farang Kangsai, which the King had built

masks: Dara Dara Dara Dara


title: Dara Rasmi

texts:
 for her next to Vimanmek Palace while she was away. Only a year later, however, her husband died on 23 October 1910 of kidney disease at Dusit Palace. Following his death, Dara Rasami continued to live in Dusit Palace until 1914, when she asked for permission from King Vajiravudh to return to Chiang Mai to retire. The King granted her permission, and she returned Chiang Mai on 22 January 1914.Later life and death

Princess <mask> Rasami continued with her royal duties for the people of Lanna. In later life, she lived in Daraphirom Palace that King Vajiravudh built for her and her official attendants. On 30 June 1933, an old lung ailment recurred. Both western and Thai doctors tried to cure her, but no one succeeded. Her half brother, King Kaew Nawarat moved her into his palace at Khum Rin Keaw for treatment, but on 9 December 1933, she died there peacefully at the age of 60. Dararatsami Hospital, 101 Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, is named for her. Royal decorations
  Dame Cross of the Most Illustrious Order of Chula Chom Klao (First class)
  Dame Grand Cordon (Special Class) of the Most Noble Order of the Crown of Thailand
   King Rama VII Royal Cypher Medal, First Class

Ancestry

Literature

Saengdao na Chiang Mai, Biography of Phra Rajajaya Jao <mask> Rasami, 26 August 1873 – 9 December 1933.Published in Conjunction With the 100-Days Ceremony for Jao Saengdao Na Chiang Mai, 18 August 1974. Chiang Mai: กลางเวียง [Central City], 2517. References

External links
 พระราชชายา เจ้าดารารัศมี – Chiang Mai person
 "เจ้าดารารัศมี" ดวงใจแห่งเมืองเหนือของพุทธเจ้าหลวง
 Chiang Mai celebrates a family legacy

Thai princesses
Thai princesses consort
Chet Ton Dynasty
Consorts of Chulalongkorn
19th-century Thai women
20th-century Thai women
19th-century Chakri dynasty
20th-century Chakri dynasty
Dames Grand Cross of the Order of Chula Chom Klao
1873

masks: Dara Dara


title: Jason Rohrer

texts:
<mask> (born November 14, 1977) is an American computer programmer, writer, musician, and game designer. He publishes most of his software into the public domain (Public domain software) and charges for commercial platform distributed versions of his games, like on the iPhone appstore or Steam. He is a graduate of Cornell University. From 2004 until 2011 he practiced simple living, stating in 2009 that his family of four had an annual budget of less than $14,500. They have since relocated from Las Cruces, New Mexico to Davis, California. In 2005 <mask> worked on a local currency, called North Country Notes (NCN), for Potsdam, New York. In 2016 Rohrer became the first videogame artist to have a solo retrospective in an art museum.His exhibition, The Game Worlds of <mask>, was on view at The Davis Museum at Wellesley College until June 2016. Games
Rohrer has placed most of his creative work, like video games' source code and assets, into the public domain as he is a supporter of a copyright-less free distribution economy. Many of his project are hosted on SourceForge. Transcend – Rohrer's first game, released in 2005. Transcend is "an abstract 2D shooting game that doubles as a multimedia sculpture." Cultivation – Rohrer's second game, released in 2007, is "a social simulation about a community of gardeners." Passage – Rohrer's third game, which was released in 2007 and garnered much attention from the mainstream and independent gaming communities.The game lasts exactly five minutes, and focuses on life, mortality and the costs and benefits of marriage. It was featured in Kokoromi's curated GAMMA 256 event. In 2012 Passage became part of the permanent collection at the Museum of Modern Art. Gravitation – <mask>'s fourth game, released in 2008. That same year, it won

masks:
Jason Rohrer
Jason Rohrer
Jason Rohrer
Rohrer


title: Jason Rohrer

texts: the Jury award at IndieCade. Between – Rohrer's fifth game, released in 2008. It is hosted by Esquire Magazine as an adjunct to <mask>'s profile in the December 2008 issue and was the recipient of the 2009 Independent Games Festival's Innovation Award.Primrose – <mask>'s sixth game, designed for the iPhone (although released for home computers as well). It was released on February 19, 2009. It is a departure from the art-game theme, and is a simple puzzle game. Sleep is Death – Adventure-game-making software, released April 16, 2010. Sleep is Death games require the creator to be present to respond to the player's actions in near real-time. It has received favorable reviews from a number of mainstream game review sites. Game Design Sketchbook – In 2008 Rohrer created a number of games for The Escapist.These would usually be unpolished prototype games that explore a single theme, with an accompanying article by Rohrer describing the creative process of making games. Inside a Star-filled Sky – An "infinite, recursive tactical shooter" released in February 2011, favorably reviewed. Selected for presentation at the 2011 Tokyo Game Show's Sense of Wonder Night. The game was put by Rohrer into public domain, like many other games of Rohrer. Diamond Trust of London – A 2012 crowdfunded two-player strategy game for the Nintendo DS into public domain. The Castle Doctrine – An MMO burglary and home defense video game. Sold on Steam while being Public domain software.Cordial Minuet – A two-player online gambling strategy game played anonymously for real money. One Hour One Life – A multiplayer survival game of parenting and civilization building, released February 2018 and exclusively sold via the developer's webpage. Like the games before, public domain software and hosted on

masks: Rohrer Rohrer


title: Jason Rohrer

texts:
 GitHub. GDC 2011 Game Design Challenge
At the 2011 Game Developers Conference Rohrer won the annual Game Design Challenge by proposing a game that could only be played once by a single player and then passed on to another. This idea was based on stories of his late grandfather that had been passed down. He stated  "We become like gods to those who come after us." With this in mind he created a Minecraft mod, Chain World, that was put on a single USB flash drive, which he then passed to an audience member.The rules of the game were simple: No text signs are allowed in the game, players may play until they die once, upon respawning they must quit the game and the game must then be passed onto someone that is interested and willing to respect the rules. GDC 2013 Game Design Challenge
In March 2013 the Game Design Challenge was held at the Game Developers Conference for the final time. Its theme was "Humanity's Final Game." <mask> was among the six contestants and won with his entry A Game For Someone, a physical game constructed of titanium. After its completion Rohrer buried it in an undisclosed location in the Nevada desert. At the challenge he released lists containing over one million discrete GPS coordinates, one of which was the actual burial spot. He estimated that with coordinated searching it would take at least 2,700 years to locate the game.The Game Worlds of <mask>rer
In February 2016, the Davis Museum at Wellesley College exhibited The Game Worlds of <mask>, the first museum retrospective dedicated to the work of a single video game maker. The museum stated "Rohrer's exhibited work is deft, engaging, and often surprisingly moving. It refers to a diverse set of cultural influences ranging from the fiction of Borges to Black Magic; at the same time, it also

masks:
Rohrer
Jason Roh
Jason Rohrer


title: Jason Rohrer

texts:
 engages pressing emotional, intellectual, philosophical, and social issues. Rohrer's substantial recognition, which has included feature coverage in Wired, Esquire and The Wall Street Journal, as well as inclusion in MoMA's initial videogame acquisition, has been built on a singularly fascinating body of games. These range from the elegantly simple—such as Gravitation (2008), a game about flights of creative mania and melancholy—to others of Byzantine complexity. The exhibition featured four large build-outs that translate Rohrer’s games into unique spatial experiences, alongside a section dedicated to exploring a large body of his work." The exhibit was designed by IKD, a Boston-based design firm.Other projects
konspire2b, a pseudonymous channel-based distributed file system
token word, a Xanadu-style text editing system
tangle, a proxy server which attempts to find relationships between websites and user visits. MUTE, a file sharing network with anonymity in mind. Monolith, a thought experiment that might be relevant to digital copyright. This has expanded to a computer program implemented on his ideas. seedBlogs, a modular building block that lets users add PHP and MySQL-backed dynamic content to any website. silk, a web-based hypertext system to simplify web page linking. Similar to Wiki markup.hyperlit, a literary hypertext authoring system. subreal, a distributed evolution system. Project December, an online conversation AI using GPT-2 and GPT-3 technology. References

External links

<mask> official website
 , with <mask> and Chris Crawford (2009)

American computer programmers
American video game designers
1977 births
Cornell University alumni
Living people
Video game developers
Open content activists
Free software programmers
Independent video game

masks:
Jason Rohrer
Jason Rohrer


title: Ann Catley

texts: <mask> (1745–1789), also known as <mask>, was an English singer, actress, and prostitute. Life of <mask> was born near Tower Hill, London, to hackneyed coachman and a washer woman. Mr. <mask> spent his earnings only on himself, often taking his wife's wages as well. <mask> helped her mother as a laundress. at the age of ten, she became acquainted with Colonel Lascelles, known for his relation to the Prince of Wales. He found she could sing and she began performing for the neighborhood, at a young age, she was known for her angelic voice and looks, garnering multiple admirers.She first made her money singing in pubs and to the garrison of the Tower of London. It was not known if <mask> lost her virginity to any of the “numerous corp admirers who daily laid siege to her” but it was “certain that she had scarcely entered her fourteenth year when she parted with her innocence” (Ambross, 8).Her parents’ strict account of her earnings and subsequent abuse may have been a factor in her introduction to sex. <mask> later moved in with a linen draper after an abusive bout with her parents that resulted in “cuffs and blows” and <mask> “fully determined to accept the first asylum offered” (Ambross 9). After a week spent with the draper, <mask>'s parents begged her to come back after recognizing her full value. Her parents welcomed her with open arms and her affair with the draper ended after a month. <mask> then “resolved to indulge in them [sex] for the purposes of pecuniary advantage, as well as sensual gratification” (Ambross, 12). She was apprenticed aged fifteen to William Bates, a composer and singing teacher, with a £200 penalty in

masks:
Ann Catley
Ann Lascelles
Ann Catley Catley
Catley
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Catley
Ann


title: Ann Catley

texts: case of misconduct from the child.It would be three years before she met Delaval at nineteen at the Marybone Gardens. She managed to gain an appearance at Vauxhall music hall at aged 17 in the summer and the Covent Garden the following fall under his mentorship.However, even though <mask> gained the beginnings of success, <mask> soon found herself at odds with Mr. Bates, a scandal soon emerged when Bates sold <mask>'s apprenticeship to her admirer Sir Francis Blake Delaval of Seaton Delaval Hall for £200. Bates was given money by Delaval in addition to make up for any financial loss to him. Catley's father, <mask>, could see that <mask> had been sold. Aided by his employer, her father sued the rake Delaval and Bates. Lord Chief Justice Mansfield's judgement extended British law as he ruled that Delaval had offended society and the King's Bench could take action against Delaval on society's behalf; he was heavily fined. Catley's relationship with Delaval ended. Delaval found future relationships difficult and Catley continued her career.Charles Macklin was the first to discover <mask> for the stage with which she “assum[ed] chaste acting, and executed many characters of difficulty with critical justice” (Ambross 36). Rosenthal recounts that although critics insisted that “genteel manners were inimitable and that only women of proper virtue and extraction could posses them,” women, like <mask>, who succeeded challenged class convention (Rosenthal, 167). For Rosenthal, this exposed class identity as conditional and performative. On a trip to Ireland, <mask> was wholly embraced. She took her sister Mary in, exacting similar

masks:
Ann
Ann
Ann
Robert Catley
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann


title: Ann Catley

texts:
 treatment upon her as the Catleys with “violence of her fists…[resulting in bloody noses and cheeks]” (Ambross 37). Mary eventually ran off with a lover and <mask> vowed not to offer her any protection; her lover quickly became disgusted with Mary, using the excuse of her affair with a Dublin college student to leave her. <mask>, unbothered, continued her life in Ireland, taking lovers at a price proportioned at her idea of the men's fortunes.<mask> was “perhaps the only woman of early virtue that ever received countenance on the stage from the modest women of Ireland,” for “in spite of Catley’s blatant prostitution necessary for her survival, female spectators at the theater absolved her of responsibility for her sexual looseness” (Nussbaum, 445). On March 27, 1773, <mask> sang Mandane in Arne's Artaxerxes for her benefit performance and again in 1777 (Burden, 110). In 1768 she met Lieutenant-Colonel Francis Lascelles (1744–1799) and they became a couple. She married General Lascelles and bore him several children; her “former levity gave way to domestic decorum” (Ambross, 48). <mask> had, essentially, become an honest woman. She tasked the General to keep the marriage secret until after her retirement and resolved to leave her fortune to the children. Performance and brand

<mask> was known to "[have] a performing style to match her life history" (Burden p. 111).Her notable sexually explicit roles, such as Polly from The Beggar's Opera and Juno in The Golden Pippin, were a stylistic reflection of her own life. <mask> is notable for her sexual escapades, not because they were disingenuous to her but because they made her whom

masks:
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann
Ann Catley
Ann Catley


title: Ann Catley

texts: she embodied, <mask>'s sexuality was integrated into her brand. It allowed her to afford her lavish lifestyle, be self-sufficient and the constant controversy allowed her to stay relevant, allowing her to influence "the fashion of dressing the hair..catleyfied" (Pearce 815)—growing popularity with men and women through fashion and sexuality. Due to her eccentric acting style and melodious voice, Ms. <mask>ley did not shy away from knowing her worth and power. <mask> would negotiate her salary in order to get paid extravagant sums that she deemed she was worth. <mask>ley embodied a business mogul for restoration women. She built a brand for herself and reversed the power dynamic of commodifying women's bodies by using it as her strength and proving her worth.Although <mask> was a prostitute, her refusal to be seen as a cheap whore led to her success. Her best performances, according to Ambross, were Rosetta in Love in a Village and Euphrosyne in Comus. <mask>'s “Catlified hair,” a hairstyle that was “cut down upon like a fan,” became fashionable. Ambross claims that “<mask> had great capabilities for an actress and...would have succeeded not only in comedy, but tragedy, had she made them her study” (Ambross, 49).Going back to the stage, <mask> was but a shadow of her former glory. She attempted Macheath in The Beggar’s Opera but her voice proved inefficient and garnered pity, not praise from the audience. She moved to Ealing, Middlesex, beloved by her neighbors and the poor. Catley died of consumption in 1782 of consumption at 44 and was buried in Ealing church.Apparently, Catley died “in charity with the world, and in lamenting

masks:
Ann
Ann Cat
Ann
Ann Cat
Ann Catley
Catley
Miss Catley
Ann


title: Ann Catley

texts:
 that the early parts of her life had not been equally virtuous and honourable with her latter days” (Ambross 55). She performed many roles on the London and Dublin stage, until 1782. Her pupil Margaret Martyr's style is said to have come from Catley. Thomas Bellamy wrote of Martyr in 1795 "Catley's pupil - Catley's boast, Sportive, playful, arch and free, Lovely MARTYR, hail to thee!" Catley spent her last years living at Little Ealing and died on 14 October 1789. John O'Keeffe wrote of her: "she was one of the most beautiful women I ever saw: the expression of her eyes, and the smiles and dimples that played round her lips and cheeks, enchanting". References
Rosenthal, Laura J.“Entertaining women: the actress in eighteenth-century theatre and culture.” The		 Cambridge Companion to British Theatre, 1730–1830, edited by Jane Moody and Daniel			 O’Quinn, 2007, pp. 159–171. Ambross, E. The life and memoirs of the late Miss <mask>, the celebrated actress: with biographical sketches of Sir Francis Black Delaval, and the Hon. Isabella Pawlet, Daughter to the Earl of Thanet. By Miss Ambross. Printed for J. Bird, No. 11, Poppin's Cout, Fleet-Street, [1789].Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Burden, Michael. “Imaging Mandane: Character, Costume, Monument.” Music in Art, vol. 34, no. 1/2, 2009, pp. 107–136. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41818584.Accessed 14 Mar. 2021. Pearce, Charles E. "Polly Peachum": Being the Story of Lavinia Fenton (Duchess of Bolton) and "The Beggar's Opera". Brentano's, 1913. External links
 The Life of Miss <mask>. Anon. 1888

1745 births
1789 deaths
English women singers
18th-century English people
English

masks:
Ann Catley
Anne Catley


title: Carl Christian Hall

texts:
<mask> (25 February 1812 – 14 August 1888) was a Danish statesman. <mask> served as the Council President of Denmark (Prime Minister), first from 1857 to 1859 and again from 1860 to 1863. Early life
<mask> was the son of the highly respected artisan and train-band colonel <mask>. He was born at Christianshavn. After a distinguished career at school and college, he adopted the law as his profession, and in 1837 married the highly gifted but eccentric Augusta Marie, daughter of the philologist Peter Oluf Brøndsted. A natural conservatism indisposed <mask> at first to take any part in the popular movement of 1848, to which almost all his friends had already adhered; but the moment he was convinced of the inevitability of popular government, he resolutely and sympathetically followed in the new paths. Sent to the Rigsforsamling of 1848 as member for the first district of Copenhagen, a constituency he continued to represent in the Folketing till 1881, he immediately took his place in the front rank of Danish politicians.From the first he displayed rare ability as a debater, his inspiring and yet amiable personality attracted hosts of admirers, while his extraordinary tact and temper disarmed opposition and enabled him to mediate between extremes without ever sacrificing principles. <mask> was not altogether satisfied with the fundamental law of June; but he considered it expedient to make the best use possible of the existing constitution and to unite the best conservative elements of the nation in its defence. The aloofness and sulkiness of the aristocrats and landed proprietors he deeply deplored. Failing to rally them to the good cause he determined anyhow to organize the great cultivated middle class into a political party. Hence the "June Union," whose programme was progress and reform in the spirit of the constitution, and at the same time opposition to the one-sided democratism and party-tyranny of the Bondevenner or peasant party. The "Union" exercised an essential influence on the elections of 1852, and was, in fact, the beginning of the national Liberal party, which found its natural leader in <mask>. During the years 1852-1854 the burning question of the day was the connexion between

masks:
Carl Christian Hall
Hall
Hall
Mads Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


title: Carl Christian Hall

texts:
 the various parts of the monarchy.<mask> was  by conviction. He saw in the closest possible union between the kingdom and a Schleswig freed from all risk of German interference the essential condition for Denmark's independence; but he did not think that Denmark was strong enough to carry such a policy through unsupported, and he was therefore inclined to promote it by diplomatic means and international combinations, and strongly opposed to the Conventions of 1851-1852, though he was among the first, subsequently, to accept them as an established fact and the future basis for Denmark's policy. Politics
<mask> first took office in the Bang administration (12 December 1854) as Kultus Minister. In May 1857 he became president of the council after <mask>, Bang's successor, had retired, and in July 1858 he exchanged the kultus ministry for the ministry of foreign affairs, while still retaining the premiership. <mask>'s programme, , i.e. a single state with a common constitution, was difficult enough in a monarchy which included two nationalities, one of which, to a great extent, belonged to a foreign and hostile jurisdiction. But as this political monstrosity had already been guaranteed by the Conventions of 1851-1852, <mask> could not rid himself of it, and the attempt to establish this Helstat was made accordingly by the Constitution of 13 November 1863.The failure of the attempt and its disastrous consequences for Denmark are described elsewhere. Here it need only be said that <mask> himself soon became aware of the impossibility of the Helstat, and his whole policy aimed at making its absurdity patent to Europe, and substituting for it a constitutional Denmark to the Eider which would be in a position to come to terms with an independent Holstein. That this was the best thing possible for Denmark is absolutely indisputable, and the diplomatic "Seven Years' War" which <mask> in the meantime conducted with all the powers interested in the question is the most striking proof of his superior statesmanship. <mask> knew that in the last resort the question must be decided not by the pen but by the sword. But he relied, ultimately, on the protection of the powers which had guaranteed the integrity

masks:
Hall
Hall
Carl Andræ
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


title: Carl Christian Hall

texts:
 of Denmark by the treaty of London, and if words have any meaning at all he had the right to expect at the very least the armed support of Great Britain. But the great German powers and the force of circumstances proved too strong for him. On the accession of the new king, <mask>, <mask> resigned rather than repeal the November Constitution, which gave Denmark something to negotiate upon in case of need.But he made matters as easy as he could for his successors in the Monrad administration, and the ultimate catastrophe need not have been as serious as it was bad his advice, frankly given, been intelligently followed. After 1864 <mask> bore more than his fair share of the odium and condemnation which weighed so heavily upon the national Liberal party, making no attempt to repudiate responsibility and refraining altogether from attacking patently unscrupulous opponents. But his personal popularity suffered not the slightest diminution, while his clear, almost intuitive, outlook and his unconquerable faith in the future of his country made him, during those difficult years, a factor of incalculable importance in the public life of Denmark. In 1870 he joined the Holstein-Holsteinborg ministry as minister of public worship, and in that capacity passed many useful educational reforms, but on the fall of the administration, in 1873, he retired altogether from public life. In the summer of 1879 <mask> was struck down by a stroke, and for the remaining nine years of his life he was practically bedridden. He died on 14 August 1888. In politics <mask> was a practical, sagacious opportunist, in the best sense of that much abused word, with an eye rather for things than for persons.Moreover, he had no very pronounced political ambition, and was an. utter stranger to that longing for power, which drives so many men of talent to adopt extreme expedients. His urbanity and perfect equilibrium at the very outset incited sympathy, while his wit and humour made him the centre of every circle within which he moved. References

1812 births
1888 deaths
Foreign ministers of Denmark
Danish Kultus Ministers
Politicians from Copenhagen
Prime Ministers of Denmark
Members of the Folketing
19th-century Danish

masks:
Christian IX
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


title: James Paxton (baseball)

texts:
<mask> (born November 6, 1988), nicknamed "The Big Maple", is a Canadian professional baseball pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played in MLB for the Seattle Mariners and New York Yankees. <mask> played college baseball for the Kentucky Wildcats. He was drafted in the fourth round of the 2010 MLB draft by the Mariners and made his MLB debut for them in 2013. On May 8, 2018, <mask> pitched a no-hitter against the Toronto Blue Jays, becoming the first Canadian major league pitcher to throw a no-hitter in Canada. Following the 2018 season, <mask> was traded to the Yankees. Amateur career

North Delta Blue Jays
<mask> attended Delta Secondary School in Ladner, British Columbia.He played for the North Delta Blue Jays of the British Columbia Premier Baseball League (PBL) and for Team Canada at the Junior National level. In his junior year, <mask> won 10 games and had a 1.51 earned run average (ERA) to go along with 100 strikeouts in 78 innings pitched. This led to him being named the top pitcher of the PBL and a first-team All-Star. After starting his senior year injured, <mask> finished the year with a 7–1 win–loss record and 65 strikeouts and 32 walks in 50 innings pitched. Both years <mask> and the Blue Jays won the league title and the B.C. 's Best Tournament. University of Kentucky
After graduating from high school in 2006, <mask> attended the University of Kentucky, where he played college baseball for the Kentucky Wildcats baseball team in the Southeastern Conference (SEC).As a freshman, he led the Wildcats

masks:
James Alston Paxton
Paxton
Paxton
Paxton
Paxton
Paxton
Paxton
Paxton
Paxton


title: James Paxton (baseball)

texts:
 in appearances with 25 and had a 2–0 record in relief with one save. In 2008 as a sophomore, <mask> worked his way into the starting rotation midway through the season and earned 11 starts while making 17 appearances. He finished the year 4–2 with a 2.92 ERA. That same year <mask> pitched a complete-game shutout over Ole Miss to win the SEC Tournament earning him SEC Pitcher of the Week. Due to injury, he did not participate in the NCAA Tournament. That summer <mask> was invited to play collegiate summer baseball in the Alaska Baseball League where he pitched in four games with three starts, finishing with a 1–0 record and a 2.25 ERA in 16 innings. He struck out 12 batters and allowed opponents to hit just .179 against him.<mask> started 13 games in 2009, finishing 5–3 with 115 strikeouts (5th best in school history) in  innings. He drew the attention of Major League Baseball scouts as he was considered a possible first-round draft pick. <mask> was drafted by the Toronto Blue Jays in the first round (37th overall) of the 2009 Major League Baseball Draft. However, he did not sign with the Blue Jays opting to return to Kentucky for his senior season; the NCAA subsequently ruled him ineligible, stemming from his contract with agent Scott Boras. <mask> was named to the SEC Academic Honor Roll every year he was at Kentucky. He held a 3.3 GPA heading into his senior year as an accounting major. Professional career

Grand Prairie AirHogs
After being ruled ineligible to return to Kentucky, <mask> signed with the Grand Prairie AirHogs in the independent

masks: Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton


title: James Paxton (baseball)

texts:
 American Association in 2010.There, he went 1–2 with a 4.08 ERA and striking out 18 batters in  innings. Seattle Mariners
In June 2010, <mask> was drafted by the Seattle Mariners in the fourth round of the 2010 Major League Baseball Draft. He signed with the Mariners on March 4, 2011. In the 2011 season, <mask> played for Single A Clinton LumberKings and the Double A Jackson Generals of the Southern League. He finished with a 6–3 win–loss record, 2.37 ERA, 131 strikeouts, and 43 walks in 95 innings pitched, while allowing an opposing batting average of .215. <mask>, along with Alex Liddi, represented the Mariners at the 2011 All-Star Futures Game. <mask> was invited to attend the Mariners' main spring training camp in 2012, but did not make the opening day roster.He was sent to the Jackson Generals. In 2013, <mask> played for the Tacoma Rainiers of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League. With the Mariners' coaching staff, he worked to change his pitching mechanics to mirror that of Clayton Kershaw, resulting in an improvement in his performance. On September 3, 2013, <mask> was promoted to the major leagues. His first major league appearance came on September 7 when he started against the Tampa Bay Rays. He earned the win as the Mariners won 6–2. <mask> finished with a 3–0 record in 4 starts.<mask> began the 2014 season in the Mariners rotation, but after his first start of the season, he was placed on the disabled list. He would finish the season appearing in only 13 starts due to an extended stint on the disabled list. His injury woes would continue

masks: Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton


title: James Paxton (baseball)

texts: into the 2015 season, during which he would appear in only 13 starts for the second consecutive season. In 2016, <mask> was in competition for a rotation spot in spring training, but after posting an ERA of over 9, he was optioned to AAA. He was recalled a few months later after Félix Hernández landed on the disabled list. <mask> started the 2017 season for the Mariners with 0.00 ERA over his first three starts. He won the American League Player of the Week Award for April 10–16 after pitching a combined 15 scoreless innings in two wins.On May 5, 2017, <mask> was placed on the 10-day disabled list due to a left forearm strain. <mask> pitched exceedingly well in July, going 6–0. He and Adrián Beltré were the co-winners of the American League Player of the Week Award for July 24–30, and he was also the AL Pitcher of the Month for July. However, on August 10, <mask> strained his left pectoral muscle pitching against the LA Angels, putting him on the disabled list once again. He tied for the major league lead in wild pitches, with 15. In 2018, before his start against the Minnesota Twins, <mask> gained national media attention when a bald eagle, which had been participating in a patriotic pre-game ceremony, flew around and landed on <mask>. <mask>, who reacted calmly, later stated, "No, I wasn't going to run.I figured I'm not going to outrun an eagle, so I might as well see what happens." On May 2, 2018, against the Oakland Athletics, <mask> struck out a career-high 16 batters, but the bullpen behind him faltered, and the Mariners lost 3–2. On May 8,

masks: Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton


title: James Paxton (baseball)

texts:
 2018, <mask> threw a no-hitter against the Toronto Blue Jays at Rogers Centre. He threw 99 pitches while issuing three walks in a 5–0 victory, becoming the second Canadian to throw a no-hitter (the first was Dick Fowler of the Philadelphia Athletics, pitching against the St. Louis Browns on September 9, 1945). He is also the first Canadian Major League pitcher to throw a no-hitter in Canada, and the first Seattle Mariners pitcher to throw a no-hitter in a road game. He was placed on the disabled list on July 13, 2018, with a back injury. He finished the season 11–6 with a 3.76 ERA.New York Yankees

On November 19, 2018, the Mariners traded <mask> to the New York Yankees for Justus Sheffield, Dom Thompson-Williams, and Erik Swanson. In April 2019, <mask> became only the second Yankees pitcher (after David Cone in 1998) to strike out 12 or more batters in consecutive starts. In 2019 he was 15-6 with a 3.82 ERA in 29 starts, in which he struck out 186 batters in 150.2 innings (11.1 strikeouts per 9 innings). On February 5, 2020, it was revealed that <mask> underwent a microscopic lumbar discectomy to remove a peridiscal cyst. Recovery time required 3–4 months. <mask> made 5 appearances in 2020 for the Yankees, pitching to a 1-1 record with a 6.64 ERA and 26 strikeouts over 20.1 innings pitched. He became a free agent after the season.Seattle Mariners (second stint)
On February 18, 2021, <mask> agreed to a one-year, $8.5 million contract with the Seattle Mariners. In his first start of the season on April 6, 2021 against the Chicago White Sox, <mask>


title: James Paxton (baseball)

texts:
 threw only 24 pitches before being removed from the game with left elbow discomfort. Two days later on April 8, it was announced that Tommy John surgery was recommended for <mask>. On April 13, the Mariners announced that <mask> would undergo the procedure, ending his season. He underwent the surgery in late April. Boston Red Sox
On December 1, 2021, <mask> signed a one-year, $10 million contract with the Boston Red Sox that included a two-year club option. Pitching style
A power pitcher with a long stride and a  release from a closed position that hides most of his deliveries, comparable to a faster version of Andy Petitte, <mask> relies on a four-seam fastball that ranges in velocities in the high 90s miles per hour (MPH).He also complements his four-seam fastball with a cutter (high 80s MPH) and a knuckle curve (low 80s MPH). He has decreased the use of his sinker/changeup. His strikeout pitches are high fastballs and a low inside knuckle curve against right-handers. His increased usage of knuckle curves on the first pitch of at bats limited the number of hits and runs that he allowed during the end of the 2019 season. However, his glove position pre-pitch made it easy for a knuckle curve to be tipped, so he now puts the glove sideways while wriggling the ball and the glove. Personal
<mask> and his wife, Katie, reside in Kirkland, Washington during the offseason. See also
List of Major League Baseball no-hitters

References

External links

1988 births
Arkansas Travelers players
Baseball people from British Columbia
Canadian expatriate baseball

masks: Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton Paxton


title: Job Cohen

texts: <mask> (; born 18 October 1947) is a retired Dutch politician and jurist who served as Mayor of Amsterdam from 2001 to 2010 and Leader of the Labour Party (PvdA) from 2010 to 2012. <mask> studied Law at the University of Groningen obtaining a Master of Laws degree. <mask> worked as researcher at the Leiden University before finishing his thesis and graduated as a Doctor of Law in Jurisprudence. <mask> worked as a professor of Jurisprudence at the State University of Limburg from September 1983 until June 1993, he also served as Rector Magnificus of the State University of Limburg from January 1991. <mask> was appointed as State Secretary for Education and Sciences in the Cabinet Lubbers III following a cabinet reshuffle taking office on 9 June 1993. In February 1994 <mask> announced that he wouldn't stand for the election of 1994. <mask> continued to be active in politics and after the Senate election of 1995 was elected as a Member of the Senate on 13 June 1995 and served as a frontbencher and spokesperson for Justice, Education and Science.<mask> also returned to State University of Limburg and again worked as professor of Jurisprudence and served as Rector Magnificus from January 1995 until August 1998. Following the resignation of Parliamentary leader Joop van den <mask> was selected as his successor on 1 August 1996. After the election of 1998 <mask> was appointed as State Secretary for Justice in the Cabinet Kok II taking office on 3 August 1998. In December 2000 <mask> was nominated as the next Mayor of Amsterdam serving from 15 January 2001 until his resignation on 12 March 2010. Shortly before a upcoming election Labour Leader Wouter Bos unexpectedly announced his retirement and <mask> announced his candidacy and was anonymously selected as his successor on 25 April 2010. For the election of 2010 <mask> served as Lijsttrekker (top candidate) and was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives and became Parliamentary leader on 17 June 2010. In January 2012 <mask> announced his retirement and that he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader on 20 February 2012 but

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title: Job Cohen

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 continued to serve in the House of Representatives as a backbencher until his resignation on 29 February 2012.<mask> retired from active politics at 64 and became active in the public sector as a non-profit director and served on several state commissions and councils on behalf of the government, and worked as a distinguished professor of Constitutional law and Governmental studies at his alma mater in Leiden from April 2014 until January 2019. Biography

Family and education
<mask> <mask> was born in Haarlem. He is the second child (of two) of Adolf Emile "Dolf" <mask> (1913–2004) and Henriëtte "Hetty" Koster (1913–1996). His elder brother is Floris <mask> (born 1946). His parents both studied history and became high school teachers of history. They were liberal (non-religious) Jews, and were forced into hiding until the end of World War II. His paternal grandparents Hendrik <mask> and Flora Polak both were murdered in Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945.After the war, his father worked at the Dutch Institute for War Documentation. Later he became a professor of medieval history and a rector magnificus at Leiden University. His mother became a member of the city council of Heemstede. His parents were both early members of the Labour Party. <mask> attended public primary school in Heemstede. He attended the secondary school Stedelijk Gymnasium in Haarlem from 1960 to 1966. He studied Dutch public law at the University of Groningen from 1966 and obtained his Master of Laws degree in 1971.During his student years, he was a member of the student association Vindicat atque Polit. <mask> married Lidie Lodeweges on 2 July 1972 in Groningen. She studied Dutch language in Groningen and was a high school teacher. She had multiple sclerosis and needed a wheelchair. <mask> and his wife had two children, son Jaap (born 1980) and daughter Lotje (born 1983). Lidie <mask> died on 4 August 2015. Academic career
Between 1 September 1971 and 1 September 1981, <mask> held a scientific position at the Bureau Research of Education at Leiden University.He obtained a doctorate (PhD) from this university in June 1981,

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 with a dissertation on the rights of university students. On 1 September 1981 he joined the State University of Limburg in a higher scientific capacity, and was chairman of the commission that prepared the establishment of a faculty of law. On 1 September 1983 <mask> became professor of methods and techniques at the faculty of law; on 1 January 1991 he also became rector magnificus of the State University of Limburg. He resigned from this position to become State Secretary for Education and Sciences in 1993. In 1995 he returned to his position in Maastricht as professor and rector magnificus at Maastricht University (the former State University of Limburg). From 1 January 1998, he took a sabbatical year, but he resigned in August 1998 when he became State Secretary for Justice. <mask> has received two honorary degrees for his contributions to law and society, one in 2007 from the University of Windsor and one in 2008 from the Radboud University Nijmegen.Political career

State Secretary for Education and Sciences
On 2 July 1993, <mask> became State Secretary (deputy minister) for Education and Sciences in the third cabinet of Ruud Lubbers, under education minister Jo Ritzen. In <mask>'s portfolio were higher and academic education, science policy, and adult education. The term of this post expired after a year and <mask> returned to his academic post in Maastricht. Member of the Senate
From 13 June 1995, <mask> was a member of the Senate of the Netherlands. Between 1 August 1996 until he resigned from the Senate on 3 August 1998, he was also the parliamentary group leader of the Labour Party in the Senate. During his period in the Senate, he also worked for the Maastricht University, where he began a sabbatical year on 1 January 1998. In February 1998 however, he took on the function of interim-director of the broadcasting organization VPRO, lasting until 15 August.State Secretary for Justice
On 3 August 1998, he resigned from the Senate to take up the position of State Secretary for Justice in the second cabinet of Wim Kok, dealing chiefly with immigration. In this capacity he was responsible

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 for a new immigration law, intended to restrict entry of refugees to "genuine cases". Mayor of Amsterdam
He resigned his position as State Secretary on 31 December 2000 in order to take up the position of Mayor of Amsterdam (burgemeester) on 15 January 2001. Mayors of Dutch cities are appointed by the cabinet in the name of the monarch. At midnight on 1 April 2001, <mask> became the first public official to wed same-sex couples, following the passing of legislation opening up marriage to people of the same gender (see same-sex marriage in the Netherlands). On 2 February 2002, <mask> performed the civil marriage of Prince Willem-Alexander and Máxima Zorreguieta in the Beurs van Berlage in Amsterdam. In November 2004, controversial film maker Theo van Gogh was killed in Amsterdam by a Muslim extremist.Time awarded <mask> the title "European Hero" in 2005, for his inclusive approach towards the Muslim community after the murder, defusing tension in the city. <mask> found himself thrown into the role of mediator between the city's Muslims, the original Dutch population and other groups in the cultural and racial mix. Almost half Amsterdam's residents are of non-Western descent, a majority of them Muslims. "Islam is here to stay, in this country, in this city (...) We have to deal with Islam as a fact, not whether we like it. So the real question is how to get on with each other." <mask> took pride in the fact that in Amsterdam no violence or arson occurred in response to the killing. By his visiting ethnic groups, organizing debates among religious leaders and his listening and promoting dialogue, he received from opponents the mocking nickname of "tea drinker" – an image that would be exploited by them when he returned in the Dutch national politics in 2010.On 27 January 2006 <mask> announced he would be willing to serve a second term as mayor of Amsterdam. On 12 July 2006 the municipality of Amsterdam almost unanimously (Democrats 66 opposed, being in favour of an elected mayor) supported <mask> to prolong his career as a mayor after 15 January 2007 when his first term ended. <mask>'s politics

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 towards ethnic minorities in Amsterdam was characterized by the slogan "keeping things together" (de boel bij elkaar houden). On 2 May 2006 Immigration Minister Rita Verdonk of the centre-right VVD accused Amsterdam of becoming a "banana republic" with a lax safety policy; she cited the criminal liquidations and the disturbance caused by young people as examples of this. However, in the yearly crime meter of the Algemeen Dagblad Amsterdam did not perform particularly badly in safety policy and crime fighting. One of the reasons for this was <mask>'s targeted approach towards those who commit multiple crimes (veelplegers). <mask> stated that his policy which combines soft and hard approaches, fighting crime and fighting the causes of crime, was the key to his successful safety policy.In 2006 <mask> was the runner-up in the award for World Mayor of 2006, behind Melbourne mayor John So, and ahead of Harrisburg mayor Stephen R. Reed. World Mayor praised <mask>'s leadership following the murder of Theo van Gogh in 2004, and his efforts at bringing together the diverse population of Amsterdam. In late 2007, <mask> moved to reduce prostitution in Amsterdam, following allegations that Hells Angels and other organized criminals had taken over the prostitution industry. The city council bought 18 buildings in the red light district De Wallen from Charlie Geerts in order to convert them into upscale establishments and revoked the license of the luxury brothel Yab Yum. Leader of the Labour Party

On 12 March 2010, Wouter Bos resigned as leader of the Labour Party. Bos named <mask> as candidate for the position, which he accepted. At the subsequent elections, <mask> was a candidate for Prime Minister.He was expected to be a strong opponent to Geert Wilders and was described in the press as "authoritarian but enlightened." Exit polls showed the Labour Party as the second largest with 30 seats and 19.6% of the total vote. Eventually his opponent Mark Rutte of the VVD became the Prime Minister of the Netherlands. He has been chair of the Labour Party in the House of Representatives since 10 June 2010 and a member

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title: Job Cohen

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 of the House of Representatives since 17 June 2010. On 20 February 2012, he resigned as leader of the Labour Party, he also left the House of Representatives over criticisms that he had been too moderate towards the center-right Dutch government's planned economic austerity measures and the Dutch government's support for the EU Commission's plan to bail out Greece, which had been passed with the support of the Dutch Labour Party. At the time of his resignation, the Dutch Socialist Party, politically to the left of the Dutch Labour Party, had overtaken the Dutch Labour Party in a number of opinion polls. M.J. (Job) Cohen Parlement & Politiek
  Prof.Mr.Dr.M.J<mask> (PvdA) Eerste Kamer der Staten-Generaal

1947 births
Living people
Copyright activists
Dutch academic administrators
Dutch Jews
Dutch legal scholars
Dutch legal writers
Dutch lobbyists
Dutch memoirists
Dutch nonprofit directors
Dutch nonprofit executives
Dutch public broadcasting administrators
Dutch scholars of constitutional law
Dutch trade association executives
Euthanasia activists
Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Governmental studies academics
Jewish Dutch politicians
Jewish Dutch writers
Jewish educators
Jewish mayors of places in the Netherlands
Jurisprudence academics
Knights of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Labour Party (Netherlands) politicians
Leiden University alumni
Leiden University faculty
Maastricht University faculty
Mayors of Amsterdam
Members of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)
Members of the Senate (Netherlands)
Rectors of universities in the Netherlands
Leaders of the Labour Party (Netherlands)
People from Haarlem
Recipients of the Cross of Recognition
State Secretaries for Education of the Netherlands
State Secretaries for Justice of the Netherlands
University of Groningen alumni
Writers from Amsterdam
20th-century Dutch educators
20th-century Dutch jurists
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century Dutch politicians
21st-century Dutch educators
21st-century Dutch jurists
21st-century Dutch male


title: Death of Li Wangyang

texts:
<mask> (, 12 November 1950 – 6 June 2012) was a Chinese dissident labor rights activist, member of the Workers Autonomous Federation and chairman of the Shaoyang WAF branch. Following his role in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, he served twenty-one years in prison on charges of counterrevolutionary propaganda, incitement, and subversion. Of all Chinese pro-democracy activists from 1989, <mask> spent the longest time in prison. On 6 June 2012, one year after his release from prison, and a few days after a television interview in which he continued to call for vindication of the Tiananmen Square protests, <mask> was found hanged in a hospital room. Shaoyang city authorities initially claimed suicide was the cause of death, but it was revised to 'accidental death' after the autopsy. Following a protest march attended by up to 25,000 people, Pan Democrats and senior establishment figures in Hong Kong publicly commented on the suspicious nature of the death, and said they had escalated the demands of citizens to politicians or "relevant departments" at national level for an independent investigation. The uproar in Hong Kong is said by commentators to have put pressure on mainland authorities to order a criminal investigation so as not to overshadow the impending visit of Chinese Communist Party general secretary Hu Jintao for the 15th anniversary celebrations of the handover of Hong Kong.Protests and imprisonment
A worker in a glass factory, <mask> set up a labour union under inspiration of the Democracy Wall in 1983. In 1989, China saw mass pro-democracy protests throughout the country, with the largest protests in Tiananmen Square, Beijing. After hundreds died when the People's Liberation Army suppressed the protests on 4 June, <mask> pasted a poster on a Shaoyang traffic sign urging a general strike in support of the protests. Two days later, <mask> organized a memorial for the victims. As a result of his actions, <mask> was jailed on 9 June for "counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement". He was sentenced to ten years of imprisonment, but his sentence was increased to thirteen years when he appealed to the court. He

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title: Death of Li Wangyang

texts: was also sentenced to hard labour.As his health deteriorated, he was granted medical parole in June 1996, but the authorities cancelled his release after Deng Xiaoping died in 1997, fearing calls for the other responsible officials to be held to account for the 4 June Massacre. In June 2000 <mask> was released again for reasons of poor health. Human Rights in China (HRIC) alleged that <mask> was tortured while in custody, resulting in his losing both his sight and hearing. <mask> himself said in his last interview that the only explanation for his becoming blind was through nerve damage caused by being repeatedly beaten about the head. During his spells in prison, <mask> was a frequent inmate in solitary confinement. In 2001, <mask> began a hunger strike as part of a petition to authorities to repay his health care costs, and was given an additional ten-year sentence for "inciting subversion". Whilst attempting to force feed <mask> during his hunger strike, guards knocked out <mask>'s front teeth.He finally gained freedom in May 2011, when he checked into Daxiang District Hospital to treat his medical conditions. His sister, who lived 7 km away from the hospital, visited him twice a day with his meals. <mask> remained vocal in demanding vindication of the Tiananmen protesters up until his death: in an interview with i-CABLE broadcast four days before, he said "the souls of the martyrs deserve to finally find some peace". He advocated a multi-party democracy for his country, and said he did not regret his fight for a better China, "even had [he] been beheaded". In another interview, broadcast on French radio the eve of the 23rd anniversary of the Tiananmen Square crackdown, he appealed to his compatriots "to observe 6-4". Amnesty International designated him a prisoner of conscience. Apple Daily reported that he had no minders before the interviews.After his interviews were broadcast, <mask> was kept under around the clock surveillance by a team of 10 police officers. An account that was opened to receive donations from supporters from China and abroad to pay his medical fees was inexplicably blocked; he was also severely

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title: Death of Li Wangyang

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 impeded from going to Beijing to see a specialist physician. Death
<mask> was found dead on 6 June 2012, one year after his latest release from prison, in the Daxiang Hospital where he was being treated for heart disease and diabetes. <mask> was reportedly found on his feet with a strip of cloth tied around his neck and connected to a window bar. <mask>'s next of kin, his sister <mask> and her husband Zhao Baozhu, rushed to the hospital shortly after they were telephoned at 6 am. His brother-in-law said that the body was "on its feet next to his bed, with a white strip of cloth tied tightly around its neck and connected to a window bar above". The authorities said to relatives that there would be an autopsy.Although the latter were denied permission to take photographs, some stills and one video made it onto the internet. Later, i-Cable television in Hong Kong reported that officials had been attempting to persuade <mask>'s family members to cremate his body immediately. Domestic reaction
Official statements that <mask> had committed suicide caused "outrage" among China's dissident community, as his family questioned how <mask> would have been capable of killing himself. They said that leaving aside his minders, <mask> was blind and nearly deaf and could "barely hold a bowl without his hands shaking". Friends and local activists strongly allege that <mask> "was suicided" (), and formed a 'Committee in quest of the truth about <mask>'s death'. The Wall Street Journal commented that Chinese activists on Twitter had begun to tweet their own declarations that they had no plans to commit suicide (); dissident Hu Jia recommended that fellow dissidents who are frequently arrested and political prisoners prepare a notarised statement declaring one's lack of intention to commit suicide. To avoid internet censorship, "suicided" became a web-search term of choice.HRIC said <mask>'s sister had been detained by police and was taken to a hotel where they were being held. Media reported that <mask>'s family was under pressure to consent to an autopsy, and that police had given an ultimatum of noon on 8 June. Family members were denied

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title: Death of Li Wangyang

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 access to the body since police removed it from the hospital. The Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy conveyed that <mask>'s next of kin were prepared to grant an autopsy subject to the presence of a lawyer from outside Shaoyang. On 8 June, an autopsy of <mask>'s body was carried out by authorities in Shaoyang, apparently against the wishes of his family, and the body was cremated on 9 June. According to the Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy, an unnamed member of staff at a funeral parlour implied that the government ordered the cremation; another worker told Cable TV that <mask>'s sister and brother-in-law had given signed consent. According to Shaoyang city authorities, people on <mask>'s wards saw him "acting strangely" by the window at around 3 am on the day he died."Surveillance camera footage showed that on the night <mask> died, no suspicious persons entered the ward except <mask>'s wardmates and hospital staff ... The ward's door was not forced open", and there were no other bruises on his body. Shaoyang city authorities said the autopsy was conducted by four pathologists from Sun Yat-sen University on 8 June. It is claimed that the entire process was videotaped and in the presence of the media, members of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. The university is expected to report the autopsy within four days. The city continued to assert that <mask> committed suicide, that his body was cremated at his family's request, and that his ashes were buried under the supervision of his sister and brother-in-law. The media made a connection to the Wukan protests, pointing out the medical examiner assigned to perform <mask>'s autopsy was the same person who pronounced that Xue Jingbo had died of "cardiac failure"

International response
By the day following news of <mask>'s demise, over 2,700 people, including dissident Ai Weiwei, had signed an online petition calling for an independent investigation.Human rights activist and lawyer Teng Biao posted a picture of a calligraphy scroll which read "An inch of blood for an inch of freedom, thousands

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 of miles of rivers bring thousands of miles of woes" to his Twitter account, dedicating the post to <mask>. The Information Centre for Human Rights and Democracy raised the possibility that "security guards monitoring him tortured him to death and faked a suicide". Amnesty International issued a statement urging the Chinese government to "thoroughly investigate the circumstances surrounding <mask>'s death and take seriously the claims made by his family and friends that this was not suicide". At the request of the Hong Kong Confederation of Trade Unions (HKCTU), LabourStart launched a global online campaign demanding that the Chinese government open an investigation. Response in Hong Kong

The death and its subsequent handling angered and sent shock waves through Hong Kong. The Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements of China rebuked claims that <mask> died of suicide. Its convener, Lee Cheuk-yan argued that <mask> never regretted support for democracy in the course of his imprisonment, and that his poor health condition did not allow him to hang himself under surveillance of National Security Guards.Kinseng Lam, who gave <mask> the last interview, called it an assassination and believed it was his interview that triggered the authorities to kill him. Alan Leong, Civic Party legislator in Hong Kong, suggested <mask> 'paid the price' for his interview with iCable TV. Several representatives to the National People's Congress (NPC), including Liberal Party chairman Miriam Lau, Maria Tam, Michael Tien, called on the central government to look into the case. Several staunchly pro-establishment legislators argued against escalating the issue to Beijing. Wong Kwok-kin argued that such incidents were "daily occurrences" and that it would be impractical to have them all investigated. Notably, Ip Kwok-him of the DAB initially said it was "unnecessary" to write to air his concerns, because Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) members should not tell the authorities how to conduct their affairs. Ip later made a U-turn owing to public pressure.At City Forum, CPPCC member Lew Mon-hung said he

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texts: would immediately write to the CPPCC regarding the death under bizarre circumstances. He opined that for a man to be killed under guise of protecting social stability would be complete denial of human rights. Nevertheless, he defended the Central government, saying it was still uncertain whether <mask>'s death was a suicide or a homicide. According to organisers of the march on 10 June, in Hong Kong to demand a thorough investigation into <mask>'s death, 25,000 people attended the largest-scale protest ever at the main entrance of the Central Government Liaison Office; Police estimated the turnout at 5,400. On 13 June 1500 people attended a candlelight vigil held outside the former Legislative Council Building commemorating the seventh day of <mask>'s death. Editorials in the main newspapers all referred to <mask>'s death as "suspicious", and said ongoing publicity about the case was unfavourable to China's image, and that it was in China's interests for the death to be probed transparently by central authorities. An opinion piece in the Hong Kong Economic Journal said <mask>'s death stoked the anger of the Hong Kong people and brought up to 25,000 people onto the streets."It not only reopened the wounds of the Tiananmen protests; the ridiculous claims that he committed suicide was a travesty of the rule of law". The writer lamented that despite China's rise, she still languished third from last in world rankings in terms of respect for human rights. In a piece translated and published in the South China Morning Post, Chang Ping wrote that <mask>'s death "exposed the relationship between the June 4 crackdown and the Chinese government's policy to 'maintain stability' ... [which] becomes the priority that overrides all. June 4 became the government's model for dealing with any dissent, using extreme force." Wang Xiangwei, the newly appointed editor-in-Chief of the South China Morning Post was criticised for his decision to reduce paper's coverage of <mask>' death on 7 June. Wang reportedly reversed the decision to run a full story, and instead published a two-paragraph report inside the paper; other news media reported it

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title: Death of Li Wangyang

texts: prominently. A senior staff member who sought to understand the decision received a stern rebuff by return email from Wang.Self-censorship concerns were raised in the Chinese-language press of the territory because Wang is mainland born, and is a member of the Jilin Provincial CPPCC. Other than on the first day, <mask>'s death and aftermath was covered in the Post as major news stories. On 21 June, responding to news of alleged downplaying of <mask>'s case, Wang said he understood the "huge responsibility to deliver news... [and]... the journalistic heritage we have inherited". He said that his decision not to pursue extensive coverage as the story broke was pending "more facts and details surrounding the circumstances of this case". Outgoing Health Secretary York Chow was the first minister to express scepticism of the 'suicide' claim; then others followed suit. Former Legco president and National People's Congress Standing Committee member Rita Fan noted the doubts of the public in Hong Kong over the death of <mask>. She said that "If these doubts can be resolved, and if some people are held responsible, Hong Kong people will have a better impression of the country."She added that "Matters like these happen because the officials do not value the lives of the people, do not respect the rights of the people … do not have an in-depth understanding of accountability to the people." Chief Executive-elect, CY Leung maintained his refusal to directly comment on <mask>'s death, which was universally hailed as "suspicious". Many local pro-establishment politicians said they had escalated the matter to various Communist Party officials or bodies. Nine days after the death, outgoing Chief Executive Donald Tsang expressed doubts about <mask>'s case, said he understood the views of Hong Kong people. He said: "Under the principle of 'one country, two systems', the most important responsibility for a chief executive is to safeguard the freedoms of speech and expression of Hong Kong people"; Chief executive-elect CY Leung said he shared the feelings of fellow citizens about the issue. On 16 June, Chief Executive-elect, C.Y. Leung, observed

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