title: Juan Leal

texts:
 of the settlers' caravan at San Luis de Potosí on November 14, 1730, <mask> told the alcalde of the city that four Canarian men had abandoned the caravan and fled. The alcalde sent soldiers in pursuit, and they were arrested several days later and imprisoned at San Luis. The alcalde told Leal that if he would agree to be responsible for them, he would release the deserters to his custody. Leal accepted his proposal. The fact that <mask> led the four Canarians in handcuffs back to the caravan and did not respond to them while they were incarcerated at San Luis was the source of many problems that divided the Canarian families once they were established in San Antonio. Many days after this, <mask> gave a loan to the fugitives, who were not returned until later, when <mask> forced them.After passing through many other towns and cities, the settlers finally reached the Presidio of San Antonio on the morning of March 9, 1731, after eight months of travel in a caravan and almost a year since they had left the port of Santa Cruz de Tenerife for Texas. <mask> was 54 years old. Mayor of San Antonio
On August 31, 1731, <mask> was elected alcalde (mayor) and regidor of the city. Since departing from Tenerife, he had been the group's leader. Once the Canarian people established themselves in the city, Leal found they had problems, including frequent clashes with the Franciscan missionaries of San Antonio and the soldiers stationed at the presidio. The Franciscans were opposed to the Canarians settling in the middle of an area where they had already established their domain and that they regarded as belonging to them. Given these considerations and his investment in his own decision to settle in Texas, Leal traveled from San Antonio to Mexico to

masks:
Leal
Juan Leal
Juan Leal
Juan Leal
Leal
Leal


title: Juan Leal

type: original

texts: speak to the viceroy and request that the appropriate orders be given to the Captain of the presidio, Almazan, and thus ensure that the Cabildo (council) constituted by the new settlers in Texas had the greater power in the matter and the Canarian settlers would be enabled to succeed in their mission.He also requested necessary instructions on how to administer the council. The viceroy, again assisted by Brigadier Rivera, sent clear orders to the captain of the presidio to recognize and respect the will of the council. <mask> succeeded in establishing the new colony and the city was populated with new families. During <mask>'s administration, the settlers twice requested that the viceroy assign Native Americans working in the Spanish missions to farm their lands (whether they were willing or not). The settlers maintained that missionaries should engage in ecclesiastical functions only and forego entering trade or enlarging their farm lands, since they were trained as clerics, and should not compete with the farmers in either endeavor. The viceroy, however, rejected both their requests. The following year, 1733, <mask> completed his term as alcade of San Antonio and was replaced by Antonio de los Santos.In 1735 <mask> was appointed as town councilman, and soon after was appointed to a life term as alcalde. <mask> was not considered either tolerant or judicious by many among the military, the clergy, and the settlers themselves, and soon gained their general contempt. Consequently, his second term as mayor lasted only a year and he was replaced again by Antonio de los Santos. Although <mask>'s administration seems to have been successful, he had clashes with other Canarians in Texas. The first of the Canarians with whom he had problems was

masks: Leal Leal Leal Leal Leal Leal


title: Juan Leal

texts:
 Mayor Alguacil Vicente Álvarez Travieso, from whom he was to reclaim a loan in court when they arrived in Coahuila. <mask> had made a loan to Travieso in San Luis Potosí, and Travieso had not repaid him by the deadline. This circumstance and the distribution of land lots (<mask> had chosen the last one and therefore the worst one) in the city was a trigger for a series of lawsuits and claims against other families like the Traviesos, the Curvelos, the Padróns, and the Santos.These events occurred between 1732 and 1735. Later years
<mask> Goraz died in the Villa de San Fernando in March 1742 or 1743 in San Antonio, Texas. He was buried in the Campo Santo of the Cathedral of San Fernando. Personal life
According to the Our Lady of the Lake University, <mask> married Lucía (Catarina) Hernández in his native Lanzarote,  and they had five children: <mask> "El Mozo" (born 1700), José (born 1708), Catalina  (1714–1794),  Bernardo (1717–1751) and  <mask>, but Lucia, exhausted by the rigors of the long journey to San Antonio, got sick and died, as some of the other Canarians had also. <mask> then married María Melano, who bore him three children: <mask> Goraz, Jr., Bernardo and Catrina <mask>. His son, <mask>, was mayor of San Antonio in 1748. Currently, some of their descendants still live in San Antonio, as in the case of John O<mask>, historian and president of the Canary Islands Descendants Association of San Antonio, Texas.A descendant of <mask> was a Bexar County's archivist at the end of the 20th century. References

External links
Sixteen Families of the Canary Islands
 The <mask> family. 1676 births
People from Teguise
People of Spanish Texas
Texas Isleño people
People from San Antonio
Mayors of San Antonio
History of San Antonio
1740s

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Leal
Juan Leal
Juan Leal
Leal
Juan
Vicente Leal
Leal
Juan Leal
Leal
José Leal
. Leal
Juan Leal
Leal


title: Kōichi Kido

texts:
Marquis  (July 18, 1889 – April 6, 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan from 1940 to 1945, and was the closest advisor to Emperor Hirohito throughout World War II. He was convicted of war crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment, of which he served 6 years before being released in 1953. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born on July 18, 1889 in Akasaka, Tokyo to <mask> and Sueko Yamao. He was the grand-nephew of <mask>, one of the leaders of the Meiji Restoration. After graduating from the Gakushuin Peer's School in Tokyo, he went to the law school of Kyoto University, where Marxist economist Hajime Kawakami was one of his professors. After graduation in 1915, he held numerous minor bureaucratic posts in the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce, followed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Together with Shinji Yoshino and Nobusuke Kishi, he was one of the architects of the Strategic Industries Control Act on 1931, which set the stage for state control of numerous industries during the increasing militarization of Japan in the 1930s.<mask> became chief secretary of the Home Ministry in 1930. Political career
When his long-time friend Fumimaro Konoe became Prime Minister of Japan in 1937, <mask> was named Minister of Education. From January 1938, he concurrently held the post of Minister of Health and Welfare. In January 1939, <mask> was appointed Home Minister in the Hiranuma Cabinet. As Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan from 1940, Kido became one of the most influential advisors to Emperor Hirohito following the death of Saionji Kinmochi. He recommended to Hirohito that Konoe

masks:
Kōichi Kido
Takamasa Kido
Kido Takayoshi
Kido
Kido
Kido


title: Kōichi Kido

texts:
 succeed Mitsumasa Yonai for a second term as Prime Minister of Japan and was active with Konoe in the movement to replace the existing political parties with the Taisei Yokusankai (Imperial Rule Assistance Association) to form a single party state. In 1941, Kido recommended that Hideki Tōjō become Prime Minister after Konoe's third term in office, as being one of the few people eligible who might be able to maintain control over more radical elements within the Imperial Japanese Army.However, <mask> remained one of the more cautious advisors to Hirohito at the beginning of World War II, and is known to have advised the emperor against attacking the Dutch East Indies in 1941, explaining that such an attack might provoke the United States into war, and that any oil obtained by taking the East Indies would still have to be transported, and would be subject to blockades and attacks by plane and submarine. Kido also claimed after the war that Hirohito was never aware of the plans to attack Pearl Harbor until after the attack occurred. As the war situation deteriorated for Japan, <mask> was one of the chief advocates of a negotiated peace, and Kido is generally credited with convincing the government to accept the Potsdam Declaration and surrender. He also convinced the emperor that it would be necessary to deliver a personal speech in order to ensure that all civilians and soldiers would cease fighting. He was one of the principal targets for assassination during the Kyūjō Incident in the final days of the war. Post-war period

<mask> was not only the chief advisor to the emperor; he was a major liaison between the

masks: Kido Kido Kido


title: Kōichi Kido

texts: emperor and the government, and a representative of the Japanese government to the Allied Occupation Forces. He advised General MacArthur on many aspects of the logistics surrounding the surrender, the end of the war, and the Occupation of Japan.One of his chief motives was consistently to protect the honor of the emperor. In the International Military Tribunal for the Far East held in Tokyo after the war, Kido was charged as a Class A War Criminal. He initially attempted to plead guilty in order to protect the emperor by taking all responsibility for imperial decisions advocating war unto himself. His personal diary, kept in detail since 1930, was voluntarily turned over to the prosecution, and became an important document in determining the internal workings of the Japanese government during the war and was often cited by the prosecution as evidence against the defendants, including <mask> himself. Kido was found guilty of Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, and 32, and was sentenced to life imprisonment in Sugamo Prison, Tokyo. In 1951, as the Occupation of Japan was ending, Kido sent a message to the emperor, advising him as he had advised three years earlier, to accept responsibility for the defeat and abdicate, at the end of the American Occupation. In addition, Kido opposed the idea of continuing to punish war criminals under Japanese law after the end of the American Occupation.According to his diary, "those called war criminals by the enemy's standards, especially those in responsible positions, were all performing loyal duties, and to punish them in the name of the emperor would be unbearable". In 1953, due to


title: Kōichi Kido

texts:
 health problems, <mask> was released from prison. He lived the rest of his life in Oiso, Kanagawa Prefecture and had a flat in Tokyo's Aoyama. He died at age 87 of cirrhosis of the liver at the Imperial Household Agency hospital in Tokyo in 1977. His grave is at the Tama Cemetery in Tokyo. <mask> was married to Kodama Tsuruko, the daughter of General Kodama Gentaro. He had two sons and one daughter.Cabinet Positions

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References
 Bix, Herbert P. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial (2001). Dower, John W. Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II. New York: W.W. Norton & Company (1999). Yagami, Kazuo. Konoe Fumimaro and the Failure of Peace in Japan, 1937–1941. McFarland  (2006)
Wetzler.Peter. Hirohito and War: Imperial Tradition and Military Decision Making in Prewar Japan. University of Hawaii Press. (1998)
Finn,Richard B. Winners in Peace: MacArthur, Yoshida, and Postwar Japan. University of California Press (1992)

External links

Annotated bibliography for Koichi Kido from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
Tama Cemetery

Notes

1889 births
1977 deaths
People from Tokyo
Education ministers of Japan
Ministers of Home Affairs of Japan
Kazoku
Kyoto University alumni
Japanese people convicted of war crimes
Japanese people convicted of the international crime of aggression
Japanese prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by international courts and tribunals
People convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East
Ministers of Health and Welfare of Japan
Japanese politicians convicted of crimes
Japanese

masks: Kido Kido


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
<mask> (born October 4, 1960, Vichy, France) is a French singer songwriter, guitar player, music producer and musicologist sometimes nicknamed "Doc Reggae". He is mostly known for his work in the reggae, Caribbean music, rock music and African musics fields, and also works as a comic book artist, illustrator, painter, photographer, video director, writer, journalist, music historian, interpreter and speaker. An eclectic character
On the back cover of his extensive Electric Dandy Lou Reed biography, his publisher introduced him in the following words: "A musician and producer, illustrator and speaker, and a legendary music journalist for Best Magazine, <mask> lived in London during the reggae-punk years." Originally renowned as the enfant terrible of French rock critics based in London in 1977–1982, <mask> started out in teenage punk group Private Vices in London in 1977–79. He gradually embodied an adventurer-musician globe-trotter figure, a free-spirited, astute lyric writer and a remarkable guitar player, as well as a historian of English-speaking popular music, photographer and skilled graphic artist. A fully bilingual (English-French) vegan and ecologist, he has lived without drugs or alcohol for over twenty years. In the "Human Race" CD booklet, a Blum production, noted American reggae historian Roger Steffens described him as "a virtuosic polymath" and concluded: "An artist, producer, director, archivist, musician as well as author of and contributor to dozens of books [including 'Jamaïque, sur la piste du reggae,' where Blum tells his own

masks:
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 account of his musical adventures in Jamaica], Doc Reggae stands supreme among France's reggae chroniclers in his perceptive observations and the impressive variety of his accomplishments, not the least of which can be found on the album you now hold."Musician
As a teenage bass player with Private Vices he was part of the late 1970s London punk movement and was later the first French musician to record and release dub music, as well as afrobeat. He has released several French songs albums (including the classic reggae album Nuage d'Éthiopie) in a wide variety of styles. "Viens Fumer un P'tit Joint à la Maison," a reggae pastiche of the drinking hit song "Viens Boire un P'tit Coup à la Maison" obtained over four million views on YouTube. His versions of Bob Marley's "War" also adapted in French as "Guerre," was another couple of hits. A Blum-produced version of "War" featuring a duet between Haile Selassie and Bob Marley reached number one in British magazine Black Echoes charts in April 1998 and remains an enduring reggae classic. <mask> is known, among other things, for his work with the press-acclaimed Asmara All Stars and on Serge Gainsbourg's two studio reggae albums, which he has produced new mixes of, as well as dub and deejay versions in 2003. He also produced a definitive mix of Serge Gainsbourg's Gainsbourg Et Cætera Palace live album in 2006.In 2015 two "Super DeLuxe" triple CD sets were released in the form of books: Gainsbourg and the Revolutionaries (Gainsbourg's three reggae albums in the Blum mixes form, including 8 previously


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 satirical songs such as "Ça Bouge (sur la place Rouge)". His own French songs output often displays puzzling double-entendre lyrics. In 2015, he formed Cabaret Végane, the first all-vegan group, releasing an album of mostly original songs the following year and playing several shows in Paris, singing with female singer Joy Gross, who stars in 'Clémentine est végane,' a hit music video on Facebook  (also in English as 'Clementine Is a Vegan' ). Following the demise of the record industry, <mask> was also one of the first French musicians to release most of his output on brunoblum.bandcamp.com, where most of his recordings can be heard. Writer, musicologist

Besides his extensive work as a lyric writer, <mask> has completed a master's degree in music, musicology, creation and society and speaks worldwide on the history of reggae music, African musics and other rock and blues culture-related subjects as well as veganism.His reggae lectures come with his reggae photography exhibition. In 2013 he was awarded a Prix Coup de Cœur de l'Académie Charles Cros for his 3CD set and booklet for Jamaica Folk, Trance, Possession - Roots of Rastafari 1939–1961. Written in a lively style, several of his books on music history give him an authority status in the French-speaking world. These include Lou Reed, Bob Marley and John Lennon biographies, best-seller Le Reggae, a fully illustrated Jamaican travel journal autobiography and a major contribution to best-selling Le Dictionnaire du Rock. His bilingual English-French documented music reissues (he runs three

masks:
Bruno Blum
Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 series of documented CD box sets for Frémeaux & Associés for which he wrote substantial, informative ethnomusicologic booklets) have become scholar references. Major Bob Marley & the Wailers reissues with U.S. partner Roger Steffens have also given him some international recognition. He is often working as an interpreter, has published many translations and texts in English, including English versions of his many Frémeaux & Associés booklets, translated six books and has also directed several documentaries for television.In addition, <mask> has moved on and published two substantial surveys on societal issues: his book Shit! Tout Sur Le Cannabis includes an autobiographical chapter and the 2016 De Viandard à Végane is written in the form of an autobiography depicting his growing awareness of veganism through his musical career. Perhaps his most important effort in the musicology field is the book Les Musiques des Caraïbes, which extensively depicts the history of each Caribbean island's original music before the 1960s 'big mix.' Each chapter of the book is based on a CD box set booklet originally released by Frémeaux & Associés and later extended for the book purpose, which allows the reader to listen to each chapter's contents. Forewords by Roger Steffens and French ex-Minister of Justice of Guyane origin Christiane Taubira complement this major undertaking. Illustrator, cartoonist, artist, photographer, filmmaker
<mask> has published many cartoons, illustrations and comic strips in several of his books, in U.K. comic books and newspapers as

masks: Blum Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts: well as a long list of French magazines, including Best, Actuel, L'Environnement Magazine, Panda Magazine and Hara-Kiri. Perhaps his most significant work as a graphic artist is his 150-page Rock And Roll Comics album, a collection of his early comic strips, featuring a popular Motörhead story, done at a time when he played in a London punk rock group and was the London correspondent of French rock magazine Best.This "autobio-graphic novel" includes time period fiction stories, previously unpublished art and also features a substantial chapter of his rock photography. A prolific artist, besides photography, illustration and comic strips, he has also always produced graphic work meant to be exhibited. He often draws a blurry line between plastic arts and comic strip, as in the "Don't Drink and Drive, Smoke and Fly" series (see picture above) where the story jumps out of the pages to become a series of pictures, before going back to its initial, former frame. As a reporter photographer he has accumulated archives published in several of his books alongside his illustrations. His photo exhibition "Jamaica on the Reggae Tracks" has been shown all over France since 2008. His 2007 book of the same name, Jamaïque sur la piste du reggae features a mix of his photographs, narrative and art. <mask> is one of the few photographers who managed to take pictures of nearly all of the British new wave groups, including Buzzcocks, Sex Pistols, the Clash, and many US artists such as Iggy Pop, the Heartbreakers, Johnny Thunders, Devo, David Johansen and Patti Smith


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 as well as several lesser-known groups, as shown in his Fils de Punk photo exhibition premiered at Stereolux in Nantes (France) in March–April 2017.In 2017, he illustrated the travel books Carnets exceptionnels de mes voyages. He has also directed Tenor Saw's classic Ring the Alarm reggae video as well as other videos, and worked as a journalist/director for Tracks, an Arte TV channel show about music culture. His artwork can be seen in the video of his song "Papa Legba," which was directed by Pascal Le Gras (best known for his cover artwork for British post-punk group the Fall). The hit video Clémentine est végane (English version: Clementine Is a Vegan) features some of his art, as well as Le Gras', Mandryka and street artist Invader. Biography

Early life
A Spirou magazine reader and André Franquin (Spirou, Marsupilami, Gaston Lagaffe) fan, the song Les Élucubrations d'Antoine was a revelation for him at an early age. When advertising was permitted on French television from October 1, 1968, his parents of humble origins Nicole and <mask> started producing advertising films. Their success was immediate.Their company, named FBI (Falby Blum International) had already produced several films by young director Jean-Jacques Annaud when they were awarded the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Advertising Film Festival in 1972 for Annaud's Crackers Belin film. The company had opened offices in five countries as <mask> moved to Toronto in Canada, where his son joined him during the 1974 and 1975 summers. Aged fifteen, he was already bilingual after several stays

masks:
Tony Blum
Tony Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 in the UK, USA and Canada. His father produced the first feature film by Jérôme Savary Le boucher, la star et l'orpheline (1975). <mask> got to meet and know his parents' colleagues and friends, including directors Jean-Jacques Annaud, Ridley Scott and actors such as Pierre Desproges and Jerry Lewis, but he was not interested in advertising. A dedicated comic strip reader, as early as twelve he was the founder of several amateur college comic magazines with his classmates. After an encounter with Asterix author René Goscinny, he created a magazine named Klaus in the Paris art school Les Arts Appliqués where he studied comic book art with Georges Pichard, Jacques Lob and Yves Got.In 1974–1975, the very young editor gathered a team of talented artists that would all become professionals, including Bernar, Fernand Zacot, Klaus, Jean Teulé and classmate Jean-Marie Blanche, son of the famous French comedian and humorist Francis Blanche, an inspiration to both friends. Failing all studies, <mask> was evicted out of three colleges, including two art schools. Self-taught from then on, he would build teams following the same pattern, being the prime mover in many of his future projects. Move to London
Following two convictions for record theft, and as his parents' company was going bankrupt, causing them to lose almost everything, in 1976-1977 the drifting teenager moved to London to study animation film with Oscar Grillo (who directed an animation film for Linda and Paul McCartney) and keenly attended rock clubs. In 1977–1978 he lived in North London's


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 chronicler to nationwide French radio station Europe 1's Monde de la Musique show hosted by Pierre Lescure. He was recording and touring the UK in 1978-1979 with British punk group Private Vices, which he founded in 1977 with Christophe Ruhn.He was to be the first French journalist to write about the Pretenders, Devo, Linton Kwesi Johnson, Madness, Motörhead and the then-unknown Stray Cats, which he put up in his London squat as they first arrived from New York City. He also drew their original logo (as seen on the original Runaway Boys single cover), and drummer Slim Jim Phantom's tattoo showing a drum set bearing his name. His Rock and Roll Comics book is a testimony of his rock artwork and photographs from this London phase. In 1979–1981 he had a love affair with the late Saskia Cohen-Tanugi, who appeared in the James Bond film Never Say Never Again with Sean Connery and later became a noted theater director and writer. 1980s
Blum was a militant ecologist since the age of fourteen, and after discussing the matter with Pretenders singer Chrissie Hynde, he went vegetarian like her, a theme he would later sing about in his songs "Clementine Is a Vegan" and "Les Andouilles" and write much about in his animalist, 2016 autobiography De Viandard à végane. <mask> then became a DJ at the London Marquee Club as an occasional replacement for his girlfriend, DJ Mandy Hermitage. Initially published in Best, his fiction comic strip Rock Commando staging Motörhead was published in New Music News in London, then issued by the band as a comic book in the


title: Bruno Blum

texts: UK.He then created the Nutty Boys comic book for pop group Madness, drawing their biopic in issue #1. <mask> came back to live in Paris after a busking episode in Nice in the summer of 1982 with Nice-born photographer Youri Lenquette on second guitar. In 1983 he formed Les Amours, a six-piece vocal group which recorded and toured in 1984. In 1984-85 <mask> begun a side career as fashion model, posing for several advertising pictures, including for France Inter radio. Still writing for Best in the 1980s, for a time he contributed to the Les Enfants du Rock rock TV show with Antoine de Caunes as a reporter and published cartoons in the magazines Rigolo, Best and Zoulou, an Actuel magazine offshoot. In 1985, as seen in several TV shows, including Michel Drucker's, he was featured live in Catherine Ferry's rock backing band produced by French pop star Daniel Balavoine. Blum then recorded a few demos of his compositions in 1986 with a five-piece version of Les Amours not including the vocal group.After treating some personal problems reported in his Cultures Cannabis book, he has since abstained from using any legal (alcohol, tobacco) or illegal drug. In 1989 he recorded with some of Ziggy Marley's musicians in Kingston, Jamaica where he pressed his "Des Couleurs" vinyl single. In late 1989, he recorded and released Ça Bouge (Sur la Place Rouge) in Paris, coinciding with the fall of the Berlin Wall. His first album <mask> (1989) assembled these various recordings. He became the first French musician to have played, produced and released a dub record.

masks:
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Blum
Bruno Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 A video of his rock song L'Histoire de ma Guitare taken from the album was broadcast several times on M6 television in France. 1990s

In 1990 <mask> played onstage with Willy DeVille and joined Bo Diddley live at Le Casino de Paris.A noted singer and guitar player, in 1990–1994 he led a rock cover band featuring John Weeks and other American musicians named the Sexy Frogs, with whom he recorded the original "J'aime les blondes" as well as various original songs. In 1994 he was the editor of a Best special reggae issue for which he interviewed Lee "Scratch" Perry, among others. In 1995 with the help of Patrick Zerbib and Léon Mercadet he then edited a special Bob Marley issue for one-shot new magazine Radio Nova Collector that was soon to become Nova Magazine. Blum persuaded Chris Blackwell to let him include a CD featuring Bob Marley's "Punky Reggae Party" and a rare dub of "Is This Love" entitled "Is This Dub" in the issue. He drew several album covers and published artwork in Backstage, Actuel (Kronik le Kritik), Best (Scud le Rok Kritik Sourd), Hara Kiri Hebdo (weekly comic strips on vegetarian culture), L'Environnement Magazine, Panda Magazine, hosted a short, daily radio show on Radio Nova and directed the documentary film Get Up, Stand Up – L'Histoire du Reggae produced by Jean-François Bizot for the Canal + channel. Jamaican producer Clement Dodd produced two of his original songs at Studio One in Kingston, Jamaica. As Dodd aka Coxsone saw Blum's Best of Reggae special issue, he nicknamed him "Doc Reggae", which has stuck since.In


title: Bruno Blum

texts: Bashung, Linton Kwesi Johnson, Jacques Dutronc (he has recorded a parody of Dutronc's "Et moi, et moi, et moi") and Serge Gainsbourg of whom he recorded a version of "L'Appareil à Sous" (originally recorded by Brigitte Bardot) – and soon an English version of "Lola Rastaquouère". Think Different, his third album of original compositions, was recorded in a wide array of styles and released in 2002 (featuring duets with Annabelle Mouloudji and John Hostetter), followed by Welikom 2 Lay-Gh-Us !recorded in Lagos (Nigeria) with a 20-piece band from Fela Kuti's group, and released by BMG, which also reissued his Bob Marley 1967–1972 twelve-album series. JAD Records suddenly signed a distribution deal with Universal, and BMG was compelled to retrieve the entire JAD stock from the shops. The JAD delivery included two previously unreleased Peter Tosh albums, a Buffalo Bill album as well as Amala & Blum's Welikom 2 Lay-Gh-Us ! album which, although just released,  was also retrieved from the shops by mistake (as it had nothing to do with JAD Records) in spite of getting daily airplay on José Artur's Pop Club show on France Inter. Nevertheless, <mask> remains the first French musician to release an afrobeat album – deleted shortly after its release, it only reached about a hundred journalists. In 2003 Universal Music releases two double Serge Gainsbourg CD albums, Aux Armes Et Cætera and Mauvaises Nouvelles des Étoiles in a new 1970s style Kingston mix produced by <mask>, featuring veteran Jamaican sound engineer Soljie Hamilton. Also included on the album

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Bruno Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 featuring pianist Gilbert Shelton, the well-known Fabulous Furry Freak Brothers comic book artist. Blum also produces an album by Shelton. In 2006 he was invited to play a series of shows in Asmara, Eritrea by the French Ambassador in Eritrea. It is his first of a series of trips that would lead to producing an anthology album of the best Eritrean singers (released in 2010). In June 2007, the publication of his book Culture Cannabis led <mask> to an hour-long clash with Professor Jean Costentin live on national radio France Inter.In 2008 he obtains a Master in musicology in Paris and publishes Le Rap Est Né en Jamaïque (Rap Was Born in Jamaica) in 2009. He also produced the Harry Belafonte - Calypso, Mento & Folk 1954–1957 anthology. Still performing onstage, he MCs dances as deejay and selecter, and speaks regularly in conferences around his country and abroad. In 2009 as he was one of the main writers in Best Magazine he creates the Facebook group Best, le mensuel du rock. This internet site would eventually lead to Blum directing an anthology book of Best'''s best stories. 2010s
In the summer of 2010 a major Emma Lavigne exhibition on punk rock visual aesthetics and photographs at the Rencontres d'Arles showed his collection of rare original punk records. At this occasion he spoke on punk musical aesthetics from 1930s jazz to 1940s–1970s rock music.In September, Doc Reggae performed at the Trois Baudets in Paris. For the first time, he offered a multimedia event where his paintings, artwork, comics trips as well as his Jamaïque sur la Piste


title: Bruno Blum

texts: Rastafari et Judaïsme" in the Paris 4 Town Hall. In 2011 <mask> also translated Kim Gottlieb-Walker's Bob Marley and the Golden Age of Reggae photo book (published in France as Bob Marley, un portrait inédit en photos) to which director Cameron Crowe contributed.An anthology of his Jamaican record label Human Race was released in late 2011. Essentially recorded in Jamaica, the double roots reggae CD Human Race includes The War Album with a bonus track, and features the voices of Haile Selassie I, Marcus Garvey, Gandhi, Nelson Mandela as well as Big Youth, Spectacular, Buffalo Bill, King Stitt, Brady, Annabelle Mouloudji, Joseph Cotton, Lady Manuella, <mask> and several previously unreleased tracks. Illustrated by several photographs and original artwork by Blum, the CD booklet is written by renowned U.S. reggae historian Roger Steffens. Unveiling much information and rare original music, he also edited the following Caribbean music anthologies: Jamaica, Mento 1951–1958, Bahamas, Goombay 1951–1959, Trinidad, Calypso 1939–1959 and Calypso, Jamaica - Rhythm and Blues 1956–1961, Voodoo in America - Blues Jazz Rhythm and Blues Calypso 1926–1961, Bermuda - Gombey and Calypso 1953–1960 for which he writes sizeable, standard reference booklets. In 2011 he designs and draws both ten-CD Anthologie des musiques de danse du monde (Dance Music Masters) box sets covers as well as each of the twenty album covers they contain. Five of his documented anthologies albums were co-published by national museums of France: Great Black Music Roots 1927–1962 and Jamaica

masks:
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts: - Folk Trance Possession 1939–1961, the latter being awarded the Académie Charles Cros' World Music Coup de Cœur in 2014. Slavery in America - Redemption Songs 1914–1972 includes a foreword by French Minister of Justice Christiane Taubira, author of a law compelling the French educational system to include the memory of slavery in school programs.Haiti - Vodou - Ritual Music From the First Black Republic - Folk, Trance, Possession 1937–1962 and Beat Generation 1936–1962 followed. His contribution to the Frémeaux & Associés label also delivered several rock albums, including Elvis Presley & the American Music Heritage - 1954–1956 containing both Elvis' versions as well as all of the original versions of the songs he recorded; The Indispensable Bo Diddley 1955–1960 and many others. His Caribbean series are perhaps his most significant reissue work, documenting and making available to the public rare foundation recordings of most Caribbean islands including the Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Trinidad, Bermuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, etc. As more audio and ethnomusicologic analysis contributions to CD Box sets for major, national museums exhibitions took place (including Beat Generation at Centre Pompidou and The Color Line at Musée du Quai Branly, both in 2016), <mask> was granted a foreword by Paul McCartney for his 2016 book De Viandard à Végane. He also played several shows with his new vegan group Cabaret Végane formed in 2015, featuring young female singer Gojy Gojy, who stars in the Clémentine est végane video, to which artists


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 Mandryka, Pascal Le Gras and Invader (artist) contributed. An English version of the song was also issued. Both were successful on Facebook.In 2017 <mask> ran for MP in the French General Elections (for the Parti Animaliste) and obtained 1,36% of the votes in the Paris district of Le Marais. In January until March 2018, his three-CD collection devoted to the history of avant-garde music in the twentieth century created an opportunity for the Frémeaux Gallery to put together an exhibition about avant-garde visual arts, as well as a conference by Blum on the topic. Blum translated three books that year: Roger Steffens' definitive Bob Marley biography, Norman Mailer's Hipster, street artist Invader's Invasion Los Angeles for which he also wrote a four-page introduction and bluesman Robert Johnson's award-winning biography Up Jumped the Devil in 2020. His 2021 major book Les Musiques des Caraïbes echoes his African-American cults-inspired Culte album, which was recorded in several African countries, Yemen, Jamaica and France. Discography

 Albums
 <mask> (New Rose, 1990))
 Sexy Frogs: Sexy Frogs (Ménilmontant International, 1993)
 Nuage d'Éthiopie (Culture Press, 2001)
 Think Différent (Culture Press, 2002)
 Amala & Blum: Welikom 2 Lay-Gh-Us! (55/BMG, 2003, bandcamp.com)
 Cabaret Végane (Ménilmontant International, 2016)
 Rock n Roll Deluxe (Ménilmontant International, 2017)
 Culte (Ménilmontant International, 2017)
 Dub De Luxe: Sophisticated Love (Ménilmontant International, 2019)
(all albums can be listened to on bandcamp.com  )

 Compilations


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 voyages (Magellan 2017) (travel book illustrations and text)
 Rock and roll comics (Tartamudo 2019) (autobiographic novel and fiction)
 Humour végane extrémiste (À Base de Plantes 2021) (vegan cartoons and comics)

Most of <mask>'s books are illustrated by some of his artwork and photographs. Translations
 Sur la route avec Bob Marley, un chevalier blanc à Babylone by Mark Miller (Bob Marley's stage manager in 1978–1980)(Scali 2007. Revised, augmented and illustrated edition: Le Castor Astral 2010). Introduction, translation, iconography, Marley biography and various added texts by <mask>. Bob Marley l'Africain (Scali 2008) by Adebayo Ojo, introduction and translation by <mask>. Bob Marley, un portrait inédit en photos (Hors Collection 2011) by Kim Gottlieb-Walker, Jeff Walker, Roger Steffens and Cameron Crowe. Hipsters (Castor Astral 2017) by Norman Mailer, introduction, translation and illustrations by <mask>.So Much Things to Say - L'histoire orale de Bob Marley (Robert Laffont 2018) by Roger Steffens. Translation and footnotes. Foreword by Linton Kwesi Johnson. Et le diable a surgi - la vraie vie de Robert Johnson (Castor Astral 2020) by Bruce Conforth and Gayle Dean Wardlow. Foreword and two illustrations also by <mask>. Rencontres avec des musiciens remarquables - The Seekers (Castor Astral, 2022) by John Densmore. Contributions

In French:
 Seventies Graffiti (1993), special issue of Best, le mensuel du rock.Best of Blues (1994), special issue of Best, le mensuel du rock. Best of Reggae (1994), special issue of Best, le mensuel du rock,

masks:
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum


title: Bruno Blum

texts:
 edited by <mask>, with contributions by Florent Droguet, Mehdi Boukhelf, Christian Eudeline, Patrick Eudeline, Blaise Ndjehoya, Jean-Pierre Boutellier, Pascale Geoffrois, Awal Mohamadou, Hélène Lee, Steve Barrow and Roger Steffens. Le Siècle rebelle, dictionnaire de la contestation au XXe siècle (Larousse 1999) edited by Emmanuel de Waresquiel. Nova Collector, a special issue magazine devoted to Bob Marley, edited by <mask>, with contributions by Léon Mercadet (the magazine included a CD of Punky Reggae Party and the previously unreleased Is This Dub). Le Dictionnaire du rock (Robert Laffont 2000) (contribution: 14% of the texts, edited by Michka Assayas)
 Rock Critics (Don Quichotte, 2010). Best of Best, tome 1, 1968–1979 (Le Castor Astral, 2010), an anthology of Best, le mensuel du rock. Conception, coordination and editing: <mask>m
 Le Nouveau dictionnaire du rock (Robert Laffont 2014) (contribution: 14% of the texts, edited by Michka Assayas)

In English:
 Rebel Music (Genesis Publications, Guildford, Surrey, UK, 2004) by Kate Simon.Invasion Los Angeles by Invader (artist) (Control P Editions, 2018), introduction and English version. CD booklets
Nearly all of the following albums were also produced by <mask>, as new productions or as reissues. The Asmara All Stars - Eritrea's Got Soul (Out Here, 2010)
 Bill Haley Live in Paris 14–15 Octobre 1958 (Frémeaux & Associés 2017)

In both English and French:The Complete Bob Marley & the Wailers 1967–1972 series in partnership with Leroy Jodie Pierson and Roger Steffens:
 Bob Marley & the Wailers,

masks:
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blum
Bruno Blu
Bruno Blum


title: Matthias Ringmann

texts:
<mask> (1482–1511), also known as Philesius Vogesigena was an Alsatian German humanist scholar and cosmographer. Along with cartographer Martin Waldseemüller, he is credited with the first documented usage of the word America, on the 1507 map Universalis Cosmographia in honour of the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci. Biography
<mask> was born in 1482 in the small farming village of Eichhoffen, Alsace. In 1498 he enrolled at the University of Heidelberg and then went on to study at the University of Paris. He pursued a course of studies typical for a humanist of the day, including Greek, Latin, classical literature, history, mathematics and cosmography. In 1505 he settled in Strassburg, worked at a printing press, and began to study Ptolemy's Geography. In 1505, <mask> came across a copy of Mundus Novus, a booklet attributed to Amerigo Vespucci that described the explorer's voyage along the cost of present-day Brazil.<mask> was familiar with the speculation of classical authors that a giant, unknown continent lay on the other side of the world and he became convinced that this is what Vespucci had encountered. <mask> republished the work under the title Concerning the Southern Shore Recently Discovered by the King of Portugal. In July 1507, he wrote to a friend calling Vespucci "a great man of brave courage" and included this letter in the introduction to his reprint. Later that same year, he traveled to Italy where he likely searched for more information about Vespucci and the lands that he had explored. In 1506,

masks:
Matthias Ringmann
Ringmann
Ringmann
Ringmann
Ringmann


title: Matthias Ringmann

texts:
 he began another project, the first German translation of Julius Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War. He used Ptolemy's Geography  to identify the historic Roman place-names and associate them to their corresponding contemporary locations. His translation was published in 1507.Meanwhile, an association of humanist scholars was forming in Saint-Dié under the patronage of René II, Duke of Lorraine. They called themselves the Gymnasium Vosagense and their leader was Walter Lud. Their intention was to publish a new edition of Ptolemy's Geography. <mask> was brought into the group because of his previous work with the Geography and his knowledge of Greek and Latin. Martin Waldseemüller, a cartographer, was also hired to draw and illustrate the maps for the new publication. In 1506, the Gymnasium obtained a French translation of the Soderini Letter as well as a Portuguese maritime map that detailed the coast of lands recently discovered in the western Atlantic. <mask> again surmised that this was the "new world" or the "antipodes" hypothesized by classical writers.The Soderini Letter gave Vespucci credit for discovery of this new continent and implied that the Portuguese map was based on his explorations. They decided to put aside the Geography for the moment and publish a brief Introduction to Cosmography with an accompanying world map. The Introduction was written by <mask> and included a Latin translation of the Soderini Letter. In a preface to the Letter, Ringmann wrote
I see no reason why anyone could properly

masks: Ringmann Ringmann Ringmann


title: Matthias Ringmann

texts:
 disapprove of a name derived from that of Amerigo, the discoverer, a man of sagacious genius. A suitable form would be Amerige, meaning Land of Amerigo, or America, since Europe and Asia have received women's names. A thousand copies of the Introduction and the accompanying world map were printed on April 25, 1507. It was the first time that the word 'Americas' had appeared in print.In a later edition after <mask>'s death, Waldseemüller dropped the term America and named South America "Terra Nova", but the name America was already established. After 1507, <mask> and Waldseemüller continued working together on creating new edition of Ptolemy's Geography. In 1508 <mask> returned to Italy and obtained a Greek Ptolemy manuscript (Codex Vaticanum Graecorum 191.). With this important reference they were apparently able to complete their project but the new Ptolemy was not published until after <mask>'s death. By 1509, <mask> was seriously ill with tuberculosis but continued working. In 1509, he published a card game, Grammatica Figurata, to make the grammatical rules of Donatus' Ars Minor, more appealing to children. He died in 1511 in Sélestat.Grammatica Figurata

The Grammatica Figurata was first published by <mask> in 1509. This work was an attempt to enliven Donatus' Ars Minor by printing up illustrated card sets for each grammatical rule. Apparently the children would have a card set. The rules are not explained at length, but a few hints are scattered here and there in the work. The final section on

masks:
Ringmann
Ringmann
Ringmann
Ringmann
Ringmann
Mathias Ringmann


title: Matthias Ringmann

texts:
 "Exclamations" has a sentence on how to figure out which student has won. Each card represented a part of speech, a gender, a case, or a tense, etc. Depending upon the teacher's questions a student would play the appropriate card or cards.Long believed to be lost, one copy of Grammatica figurata was found and reprinted in 1905. Works
Waldseemüller, Martin, & Matthias Ringmann. Cosmographiae Introductio, (St. Die: 1507)
Caesar, Julius. Ringmann <mask> (tr.) Julius der erst römisch Keiser von seinem Leben und Krieg, erstmals uss dem Latein in Tütsch gebracht vnd mit andrer Ordnung der Capittel und uil zusetz nüw getruckt. (Strassburg: Durch Joannem Grüninger, 1508).<mask>, <mask>. Grammatica Figurata, (St. Die: 1509)
Waldseemüller, Martin, & <mask> (ed.). Clavdii Ptolemei Viri Alexandrini ... Geographie Opus Novissima Traductione E Grecorum Archetypis Castigatissime Pressum. (Strassburg: Johann Schott, 1520

Notes

References

External links

Plaque in Freiburg commemorating <mask> and Waldseemüller
Wieser, Franz, Ritter von (ed.). Grammatica figurata des <mask> (Philesius Vogesigena) in Faksimiledruck, (Strassburg: Heitz, 1905)
Mayer, Ken. <mask>mann: Grammatica Figurata, <http://trionfi.com/0/c/09/t.html> Retrieved April 4, 2005
Fischer, J.'Martin Waldseemüller', Catholic Encyclopedia, (1912)
Press release about a new edition of the Waldseemüller world map

1482 births
1511 deaths
People from Bas-Rhin
Alsatian-German people
German cartographers
16th-century cartographers
German Renaissance humanists
16th-century

masks:
Matthias
Ringmann
Matthias
Matthias Ringmann
Ringmann
Mathias Ringmann
Matthias Ring


title: Jetsun Pema

texts:
<mask> (; Wylie: rje btsun padma; born 4 June 1990) is the Druk Gyaltsuen (Dzongkha: Dragon Queen) of Bhutan, as the wife of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck. She is currently the youngest queen consort in the world. She and the King have two children: Prince Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, the heir apparent to the Bhutanese throne, and Jigme Ugyen Wangchuck. Early life and education
Jetsun <mask> was born at Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital in Thimphu on 4 June 1990. Her father, Dhondup Gyaltshen, is the grandson of two Trashigang Dzongpons, Thinley Topgay and Ugyen Tshering (governors of Trashigang). Her mother, Aum Sonam Choki, comes from the family of Bumthang Pangtey, one of Bhutan's oldest noble families. Sonam Choki's father was a half-brother of two queens consort of Bhutan, Phuntsho Choden (great-grandmother of the present king) and her sister <mask>hen.Her ancestor is also the 48th Druk Desi and 10th Penlop of Trongsa Jigme Namgyal (father of King Ugyen Wangchuck and of her great-great-grandmother, Ashi Yeshay Choden). The King and Queen of Bhutan are distant cousins. Jetsun <mask> is the second eldest of five children. Her siblings are two brothers, Jigme Namgyel and Dasho Thinley Norbu (the eldest, who is the husband of the king's half-sister, Princess Ashi Euphelma Choden Wangchuck), and two sisters, Serchen Doma and Ashi Yeatso Lhamo (the eldest, who is married to the king's brother, Prince Gyaltshab Jigme Dorji Wangchuck). Jetsun <mask>'s early education took place in Thimphu at the

masks:
Jetsun Pema
Pema
Pema Dec
Pema
Pema


title: Jetsun Pema

texts:
 Little Dragon School, the Sunshine School (1995–96) and finally the Changangkha Lower Secondary School (1997–98). She then received a convent education at St. Joseph's Convent in Kalimpong, West Bengal, India, in 1999–2000. She pursued her secondary education at the Lungtenzampa Middle Secondary School in Thimphu from 2001 to 2005 and moved to The Lawrence School, Sanawar, in Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India, in April 2006.She joined Lawrence as a Class-XI student and studied English, history, geography, economics, and painting. She completed her Higher Secondary education on 31 March 2008. She then began her tertiary education at Regent's University London, where she graduated with a degree in international relations, with psychology and art history as minor subjects. Marriage and family

Royal wedding

On 20 May 2011, during the opening of the Parliament's seventh session, the king announced their engagement, saying  "As King, it is now time for me to marry. After much thought I have decided that the wedding shall be later this year." Describing <mask> <mask>, he said  "Now, many will have their own idea of what a Queen should be like—that she should be uniquely beautiful, intelligent and graceful. I think with experience and time, one can grow into a dynamic person in any walk of life with the right effort.For the Queen, what is most important is that at all times, as an individual she must be a good human being, and as Queen, she must be unwavering in her commitment to serve the People and Country. As my queen,

masks: Jetsun Pema


title: Jetsun Pema

texts:
 I have found such a person and her name is Jetsun <mask>. While she is young, she is warm and kind in heart and character. These qualities together with the wisdom that will come with age and experience will make her a great servant to the nation." The couple married on 13 October 2011, at Punakha Dzong. The ceremony was held in Punakha, followed by a public celebration in Thimphu and Paro. During the ceremony, the King bestowed the Crown of the Druk Gyaltsuen on her, formally proclaiming her the Queen of the Kingdom of Bhutan.The wedding was held in traditional style with the "blessings of the guardian deities." Although Bhutan allows polygamy, the king said that he would never marry another woman. For their wedding, the Netherlands sent the royal couple tulips and named one "Queen of Bhutan" after her. Issue

On 11 November 2015, it was announced that she was expecting their first child, a son, to be born in early 2016. She gave birth on 5 February 2016 at the Lingkana Palace. The king was present for the birth of the prince, known by the title Gyalsey. The baby's name, Jigme Namgyel Wangchuck, was announced on 16 April 2016.On 17 December 2019, it was reported that she was expecting their second child, to be born in Spring 2020. On 19 March 2020, the King and Queen's official Instagram accounts reported that she had given birth to her second son in Lingkana Palace in Thimphu. On 30 June 2020, the Royal Family announced that the second Gyalsey had been named Jigme Ugyen Wangchuck, and would be known as His Royal


title: Jetsun Pema

texts:
 Highness Gyalsey Ugyen Wangchuck. Royal duties

Following her marriage to the King, <mask> <mask> has joined him on several visits abroad to India, Singapore, Japan and the United Kingdom. <mask> <mask> accompanied Jigme Khesar on several of his royal visits to various parts of Bhutan before their wedding, and as Queen of Bhutan, accompanies him on all such visits. The royal visits on road through the country involve meeting and interacting with as many local people, students and public servants as possible. <mask> <mask> is an advocate of environmental issues, and the Patron of the Royal Society for Protection of Nature (RSPN).She is also the UNEP Ozone Ambassador. She works closely with various organisations working with children with special needs as the patron of Ability Bhutan Society. She is the Patron of the Bhutan Kidney Association (Jigten Wangchuck Tshogpa) and the Bhutan Kidney Foundation. Since 2016 she has been the President of the Bhutan Red Cross Society (BRCS). Personal interests

The Queen's interests include fine arts, painting, and basketball. She captained her school team in basketball games and maintains an interest in the sport. Her other diversions during her school days included participation in school bands and dance programs.Besides Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan, she is fluent in English and Hindi. References

External links

 ジツェン・ペマ・ワンチュク陛下略歴 - 日本国外務省

1990 births
Living people
Bhutanese Buddhists
People from Thimphu
Wangchuck dynasty
Lawrence School, Sanawar alumni
Queens

masks: Jetsun Pema Jetsun Pema Jetsun Pema


title: Lawrence Dillon

texts:
<mask> (born July 3, 1959) is an American composer, and Composer in Residence at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts. His music has a wide range of expression, generally within a tonal idiom notable both for its rhythmic propulsiveness and a strong lyrical element. Acclaimed particularly for his chamber music, he has also written extensively for voice and large ensembles. Early life and education
<mask>inoff Prize upon graduation.He studied privately with Vincent Persichetti, and in classes with Milton Babbitt, Elliott Carter, David Diamond, Leon Fleischer and Roger Sessions. Other teachers included Edwin Finckel and James Sellars. As a student, he won an ASCAP Young Composers Award and first prize in the annual CRS New Music Competition. Upon graduation, he was appointed to the Juilliard faculty. Career highlights
In 1990, <mask> was offered the position of Assistant Dean at the University of North Carolina School of the Arts where he is now Composer in Residence. His works are recorded on the Bridge, Naxos and Albany labels and published by American Composers Editions, a subdivision of BMI. In recent years, he has received increasing recognition for music that Gramophone called "arresting and appealing."In the last ten years, his compositions have been commissioned and performed by the Emerson String Quartet, Lauren Flanigan,  the Ravinia Festival, the Daedalus String Quartet, the Lincoln Trio, the Seattle Chamber Music Society, the Cassatt String Quartet, the Kavafian/Jolley/Vonsattel Trio, Danielle Belén, Le Train Bleu, the Mansfield Symphony, the Boise Philharmonic, Wintergreen Summer Arts Festival, the Salt Lake City Symphony, the Quartetto di Sassofoni d'Accademia, the Winston-Salem Symphony, Low and Lower, the University of

masks:
Lawrence Dillon
Dillonchan
Dillon


title: Lawrence Dillon

texts:
 Utah and the Idyllwild Symphony Orchestra. From 1999-2014 he worked on the Invisible Cities String Quartet Cycle, a set of six quartets zooming in on individual aspects of the quartet tradition. <mask> has been a guest composer at numerous schools and festivals, including The Curtis Institute of Music, the St. Petersburg/Rimsky Korsakov Conservatory, SUNY Stony Brook, the Colburn School of Music, the Ravinia Festival, the Hartt School of Music, the Charles Ives Center, Seisen International School, Wintergreen Summer Arts Festival, Charlotte New Music Festival, Spoleto Festival and Indiana University. <mask> was the Featured American Composer in the February 2006 issue of CHAMBER MUSIC magazine. He is a two-time winner of the North Carolina Artist Fellowship, the highest honor accorded to artists in the state. Critical reception
Reviewers of <mask>’s music have repeatedly noted his arresting ideas, technical skill, lyricism and wit. In a review of his fourth string quartet, the Washington Post cited the work’s “jewel-like craftsmanship,” saying, “<mask>’s control of time was a conspicuously imaginative element throughout.”  Gramophone called his recording Insects and Paper Airplanes “Sly and mysterious…just when you thought the string quartet may have reached the edge of sonic possibilities, along comes a composer who makes something novel, haunting and whimsical of the genre… Each score is an arresting and appealing creation, full of fanciful and lyrical flourishes…Highly recommended.”  And Musicweb International commented on “music that is often profound without being pretentious, sometimes light-hearted but never 'lite', humorous without being arch, and immensely appealing but never frivolous."Fanfare magazine called him “an original in the best

masks: Dillon Dillon Dillon Dillon


title: Lawrence Dillon

texts:
 sense of the word.”

Recordings
 Six Scenes and a Fantasy (1983), produced by Contemporary Record Society, along with works by Peter Mennin, Henry Cowell and Martin Rokeach
 Chamber Music of <mask> (2000), produced by Albany Records. Contains Furies and Muses, Devotion and String Quartet No. 1: Jests and Tenderness performed by the Borromeo, Cassatt and Mendelssohn String Quartets with flutist Ransom Wilson and bassoonist Jeff Keesecker
 A New Century Christmas (2000), contains The Last Nowell and O Hellish Night performed by the New Century Saxophone Quartet
 Appendage and Other Stories (2009), produced by Albany Records. Contains spoken-text chamber works Entrance and Exit, as well as the song cycle Appendage and a song Still Point
 Insects and Paper Airplanes (2010), produced by Bridge Records. Contains String Quartet No. 2: Flight, String Quartet No. 3: Air, String Quartet No.4: The Infinite Sphere and a piano quartet What Happened performed by the Daedalus String Quartet and Benjamin Hochman
 Lawrence <mask> Violin Music (2011), produced by Naxos Records. Contains seven works for violin solo and violin with one other instrument performed by Danielle Belén
Yael Manor Elixir (2015), produced by ACA. Includes the debut recording of Honey for solo piano. Major works
 Appendage (1993), recorded by Lauren Flanigan, conducted by Ransom Wilson;
 Devotion (1996), recorded by flutist Ransom Wilson and the Borromeo String Quartet;
 Furies and Muses (1997), premiered and recorded by the Cassatt String Quartet and bassoonist Jeffrey Keesecker;
String Quartet No. 1: Jests and Tenderness (1999), premiered and recorded by the Mendelssohn String Quartet;
String Quartet No. 2: Flight (2002), premiered and recorded by the Daedalus Quartet;
 Amadeus ex machina

masks:
Lawrence Dillon
Dillon


title: Lawrence Dillon

texts:
 (2001), given its Russian premiere by the St. Petersburg Chamber Philharmonic;
 Wright Flight (2003) for orchestra, projected images and three strands of narrative, commissioned by the 2003 Illuminations festival at Roanoke Island Festival Park;
 Revenant: Concerto for Horn and Orchestra (2005), premiered by hornist David Jolley with the composer conducting;
 What Happened (2005), for piano quartet, premiered by the Atlantic Ensemble;
 Entrance and Exit (2007), two concert-framing works for actor and chamber ensemble;
 String Quartet No. 4: The Infinite Sphere (2009), commissioned and recorded by the Daedalus String Quartet;
 String Quartet No.5: Through the Night (2009), commissioned by the Emerson String Quartet;
 Figments and Fragments (2010), commissioned by the Idyllwild Symphony Orchestra, the Boise Philharmonic, the University of Utah Philharmonia and the Salt Lake Symphony;
 Seven Stories (2013), premiered by Le Train Bleu with soprano Mary Mackenzie;
 Sanctuary (2013) septet for piano, horn and strings, commissioned and premiered by the Seattle Chamber Music Society;
 String Quartet No. 6: Rapid Eye (2014), commissioned by the Carpe Diem String Quartet. <mask>'s blog Infinite Curves was featured on Sequenza21.com for ten years before moving to ArtsJournal. References

External links

1959 births
Living people
20th-century classical composers
21st-century classical composers
American male classical composers
American classical composers
Musicians from Summit, New Jersey
Juilliard School alumni
University of North Carolina School of the Arts faculty
Juilliard School faculty
21st-century American composers
20th-century American composers
Classical musicians from New Jersey
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male


title: Lily Zhang

texts:
<mask> (born June 16, 1996) is an American table tennis player who competed in the 2012 Summer Olympics in London with teammates Ariel Hsing and Erica Wu. She also competed in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio with teammates Jiaqi Zheng and Jennifer Wu. She is a five time US national champion in women's singles. <mask> has won the US national championship in 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, and 2019. In 2011, she was a bronze medalist in women's singles and women's team at the Pan American Games and won the women's doubles title at the Qatar Peace and Sport Cup. She is currently a member of the United States National Women's team. She has been ranked as high as #2 in the cadet (U-15) world ranking and #5 in the junior (U-18) world ranking.Personal life
<mask> was born in Redwood City, California on June 16, 1996, to Chinese parents. Her family lived on the campus of Stanford University, where her father was then a mathematics professor. Her mother played for his province's table tennis team in Xi'an, China, and <mask> enjoyed playing table tennis with her parents while she was growing up. Dennis Davis, a friend and table tennis colleague of her father, would also bring her to the Palo Alto Table Tennis Club to practice. <mask> graduated from Palo Alto High School in 2014 before enrolling in the University of California, Berkeley. After her first year, <mask> took a gap year off to train for the 2016 Olympic Games. For a part of her gap year, she trained and played league in Austria (trained at home club ICC as well).<mask> is featured in the documentary Top Spin. <mask> is sponsored by JOOLA Table Tennis. U.S. career
From a young age, <mask> showed promising skill. When she was 7 years old, Dennis Davis, the

masks:
Lily Ann Zhang
Zhang
Lily Zhang
Lily
Lily
Lily
Lily
Lily
Lily Zhang


title: Lily Zhang

texts:
 president and head coach of the Palo Alto Table Tennis Club and the North American representative of the junior commission of International Table Tennis Federation, began training her. When she was 11, <mask> made the U.S. Cadet Team. By age 12, <mask> became the youngest player to ever make the U.S. Women's Team, and when she was 13 years old, she was the #2 ranked Junior Woman table tennis player in the United States. At the 2010 and 2011 U.S. National Championships, <mask> won the title in the junior girls' event and was the runner-up in women's singles.In 2012, she won her first national championship in women's singles, beating defending champion Ariel Hsing in 7 games. International career
Since 2007, <mask> has competed in numerous international events in the cadet, junior girls' and women's categories. 2011 Pan American Games
<mask> participated in the 2011 Pan American Games where she played both as an individual and  as part of the United States team. <mask> and the two other Americans on the team, Ariel Hsing and Erica Wu, took home a team bronze medal. She also won a bronze medal in women's singles. Qatar Peace and Sport Cup
On November 22, 2011, <mask> and Russian Anna Tikhomirova won the Women's Doubles title at the Qatar Peace and Sport Cup. 2012 Olympics
After qualifying for the last singles position on the 2012 United States Olympic Team by beating Canada's Anqi Luo in five games in the North American Olympic Trials, <mask> would head into London as the youngest player of the table tennis competition and was seeded 49th behind her teammate Ariel Hsing.In the first round, <mask> drew Croatian veteran Cornelia Molnar and lost in straight games (11–6,11–8,11–7,11–5). The team competition

masks:
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Lily Zhang
Lily Zhang
Zhang


title: Lily Zhang

texts:
 saw the United States play second-seeded Japan in the first round of proceedings. <mask> lost to Sayaka Hirano in straight games (11–9,11–5,11–3) and teamed with Erica Wu in the doubles to lose to Kasumi Ishikawa and Ai Fukuhara, also in straight games (11–7,11–7,11–1). 2012 North American Championships
On September 2, 2012, <mask> won the women's singles title at the ITTF North American Championships with a victory over fellow 2012 Olympian Erica Wu in straight games (11–8,11–3,11–7,11–9). Twice before, at both the 2011 and the 2010 North American Championships she had failed to achieve the title, with losses in the finals on both occasions to Canada's <mask>. 2012 World Junior Championships
At the 2012 ITTF World Junior Championships in Hyderabad, India, <mask> reached the quarterfinals in singles and also led the USA into the quarterfinals of the team competition. As a result of her performance during the championships (12 wins, 2 losses), <mask> broke into the top 100 of the ITTF women's world ranking for the first time in her career.2013 US Open
At the 2013 US Open, <mask> won the title in the junior girls' event. In women's singles (part of the ITTF World Tour), she beat <mask> to advance to the semi-final, where she lost to world #19 Elizabeta Samara in 5 games. Following this tournament, <mask>'s world ranking improved to a career-high 84. 2014 Youth Olympic Games
In August 2014, <mask> was the first ever US athlete to win a bronze medal in the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. In the contest for bronze, she won over Miyu Kato of Japan in six games. 2019 ITTF Women's World Cup
She was in fourth place, losing in the POS 3–4 to Feng Tianwei. <mask>'s performance included a high-profile upset over Miu

masks:
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Mo
Lily Zhang
Zhang
Zhang
Zhang Mo
Zhang
Lily Zhang
Zhang


title: Lily Zhang

texts:
 Hirano.2020 ITTF Women's World Cup
<mask> extended her World Cup success in 2020 with an upset over Feng Tianwei. 2021
At the Tokyo Olympics, after receiving a brief scare and dropping the first game in her opening round of 64 match against Nigeria's Offiong Edem, <mask> was able to quickly regroup and adjust to cruise to a 4–1 victory. References

External links

1996 births
Living people
Palo Alto High School alumni
American female table tennis players
Olympic table tennis players of the United States
Table tennis players at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Table tennis players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Table tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Table tennis players at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in table tennis
American sportswomen
American sportspeople of Chinese descent
People from Redwood City, California
Sportspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Table tennis players at the 2011 Pan American Games
Table tennis players at the 2015 Pan American Games
Table tennis players at the 2019 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2019 Pan American Games
21st-century American women
World Table Tennis Championships

masks: Zhang Zhang


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
<mask> (March 28, 1909 – June 23, 1976) (pronounced WARN-a-key), nicknamed "The Arkansas Hummingbird", was a Major League Baseball player, Major League umpire, county judge, and businessman from Montgomery County, Arkansas, whose career won-loss record as a pitcher for the Chicago Cubs (1930–36, 1942–43, 1945) and St. Louis Cardinals (1937–42) was 192–121. <mask> pitched for the National League in the first Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 1933, hitting the first triple and scoring the first National League run in All-Star game history. He pitched in two other All-Star Games (1934, 1936) and was also selected in 1939 and 1941. <mask> pitched in two World Series for the Cubs (1932, 1935), compiling a record of 2–1, with a 2.63 earned run average (ERA). He pitched a no-hitter for the Cardinals on August 30, 1941; opened the 1934 season with back to back one-hitters (April 17 and 22); and set a Major League Baseball fielding record for pitchers (since eclipsed) of 227 consecutive chances without an error, covering 163 games. After retiring as a player in 1945, <mask> was an umpire in the Pacific Coast League for three years and then in the National League from 1949 to 1955. <mask> is the only person who has both played and umpired in both an All-Star Game and a World Series.Early years
<mask> <mask>, which was his baptismal name, was born March 28, 1909, the fourth of five children to Louis W. ("Luke") <mask> and Martha Belle <mask> in Owley, Arkansas, six miles south of Mount Ida, the county seat of Montgomery

masks:
Lonnie Warneke
Warneke
Warneke
Warneke
Warneke
Lonnie
Warneke
Warneke
Scott Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts: County. Mount Ida had a population of 298 in 1920 and 512 in 1930. <mask> (who stood ) had homesteaded 160 acres and was a successful farmer in the farming community of Owley, which consisted of fifteen families. Montgomery County was one of the most rural and sparsely populated counties of Arkansas; by 1910 its population had peaked at 12,455. At the time of <mask> <mask>'s birth the county had no paved roads, no electricity, and no running water. <mask>, from 1907 to 1913, was in charge of improving the county roads and, using the newly acquired road graders drawn by eight mules, he made major improvements to the roads throughout the county, transforming them from dirt trails often overgrown by brush, pocketed by mud holes, and punctured by tree stumps, to passable, graded two-lane (wagon) roads—although still unpaved. Electricity and running water would not come to most of the county until the 1930s.Young <mask> <mask> attended grade school in the one-room schoolhouse in Owley. He soon grew to be among the tallest students in the tiny school. He helped his father on the farm and did chores for his mother. In his free time, he enjoyed the outdoors, hunted and fished; he also played the guitar and fiddle—pursuits that would occupy him his entire life. "<mask> <mask> is a country boy. He loves hunting dogs and good guns, the trails and loneliness of the wilderness in the rugged mountains surrounding his old home." Even after he became a professional ballplayer, he would return to the country and enjoy the

masks:
Luke Warneke
Lon
Warneke
Luke Warneke
Lonnie
Warneke
Lonnie
Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts: arm, defense, hitting, power) must be made by more than one person" of their organization. Warneke completed the year with another team in the Cotton States League, the Alexandria Reds, a team affiliated with Shreveport of the Texas League. One of Warneke's teammates on Alexandria was Ray Prim, with whom he would pitch for the Cubs in 1943 and 1945.As a converted pitcher in his first professional season, Warneke posted a 1928 combined record for Laurel and Alexandria of 6 wins, 14 losses, with a 5.32 ERA in 176 innings pitched. Warneke returned to Alexandria for the 1929 season and posted a 16–10 record, with a 3.09 ERA in 245 innings pitched. Alexandria finished first under manager Pete Kilduff. Warneke's success attracted the Chicago Cubs, that year's National League pennant winner. On August 23, just before the Cotton States season closed, the Associated Press carried a story announcing that Warneke had been sold to the Cubs "for $10,000 or more", the highest price ever paid for a Cotton States League player. The sale was initially denied by the Shreveport organization but then confirmed by telegraph to the Alexandria Daily Town Talk a few days later by Kilduff, although he stated the sales price of Warneke was $7,500. Whatever the figure, Lonnie "Country" Warneke reported to the Chicago Cubs spring training facilities on Santa Catalina Island, California in late-February 1930, a month before his twenty-first birthday.<mask> was at once involved in an on-field accident that sent him to the hospital. On February


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 24, while pitchers were taking batting practice, fellow rookie Bill McAfee, fresh out of the University of Michigan, was taking swings and lost his grip on his bat, sending it hurtling against the forehead of <mask>, who was standing near the batting cage. Warneke slumped to the ground but suffered no serious damage, although he did have to report to the hospital and receive a couple stitches. <mask> made the regular season roster for the Cubs, although he appeared in only one game before being assigned to the Cubs Class-AA affiliate Reading Keystones on May 23. A week later Warneke pitched a complete game 6–2 victory over Newark, allowing eight hits and striking out five. Yet success largely escaped Warneke that year, as he compiled a 9–12 win-loss record with a 6.03 ERA. He allowed 236 hits in 185 innings for Reading, which finished under .500.Despite such numbers, <mask> would never appear in another minor league game; instead he played at the major league level for the next fourteen years. Among his teammates on Reading was infielder Billy Jurges, who would play in the major leagues for seventeen years, including six seasons (1931–36) with Warneke as a Cub. Major league career

Chicago Cubs (1930–36)

1930 and 1931

First major league appearance
<mask> <mask> appeared in one major league game for the Cubs in 1930. His major league debut was on the fourth day of the season, Friday, April 18, at Sportsman's Park, St. Louis versus the Cardinals with 6000 in attendance. The twenty-one-year-old Warneke took the

masks: Warneke Warneke Warneke Lon Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts: mound in the bottom of the sixth in relief of Guy Bush, with the Cardinals ahead 5–0. Warneke promptly doubled the Cubs' deficit. He worked the sixth inning and gave up one run.In the seventh he recorded one out and gave up another four runs before being pulled for fellow rookie Lynn Nelson. In all, Warneke faced eleven batters, walked five of them, surrendered two hits and allowed five earned runs and a wild pitch in  innings. The final score of the game was 11–1; the winning pitcher was Bill ("Wild Bill") Hallahan. <mask> would not pitch again in the majors until exactly one year later. The defending National League Champion Cubs finished in second place, two games behind the Cardinals in 1930. Rogers Hornsby, future Hall of Famer, took over managing the Cubs from Joe McCarthy with four games left in the 1930 season. Hornsby continued as player-manager for the Cubs throughout 1931 and the first ninety-nine games of 1932.<mask>'s second major league game was a year to the date after his first. It was also his first major league loss. This time he took the mound on the fifth day of the season, Saturday, April 18, 1931, before 30,000 at Wrigley Field in Chicago versus the visiting Cardinals. The Cubs had rallied for two runs in the ninth to tie the score 5–5 and, having used eight pitchers in the first four games of the season and another two in this game, sent Warneke out in the top of the tenth. He again showed signs of wildness, walking three of six batters faced, allowing a hit and two earned runs, and lasting

masks: Warneke Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts: two thirds of the inning before getting pulled. The Cubs could not make up the deficit and lost 7–5, with Bill ("Wild Bill") Hallahan once again recording the win—and <mask> the loss. In two games, a year apart, <mask>'s major league record was 0–1, 2 innings pitched, allowing seven earned runs on three hits and eight walks, for an ERA of 31.50 and a WHIP of 5.50.Although <mask> was not sent down to the minors, and never saw minor league service again in his career, he didn't pitch again for the Cubs for two months. On June 18 <mask> pitched a scoreless inning of relief in a game at Ebbets Field against the Brooklyn Dodgers. He fanned two batters, which strike outs were the first two of 1140 in his career. <mask>'s performance earned him the first start of his career, three days later, on Sunday, June 21 in the series closer against Brooklyn. With 15,000 in attendance, Warneke pitched seven innings, allowing six earned runs on nine hits and five walks, with one hit batsman. He allowed his only home run of the season to the Dodgers' cleanup hitter, Del Bissonette, and departed the game after seven with the Cubs down 6–3. Chicago rallied for three in the top of the ninth, thus removing Warneke as the pitcher of record.The Dodgers scored one in the ninth to win the game. <mask> lost his next two starts, versus the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Philadelphia Phillies, before recording his first major league win. On Wednesday, August 5, <mask> pitched a complete game victory at Wrigley Field against the Cincinnati Reds for

masks: Warneke Warneke Warneke Warneke Warneke Warneke Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 the first of 192 career victories and 192 career complete games. Warneke faced 37 batters, allowing 2 earned runs on 8 hits (all singles) and two walks, while striking out 3, winning 3–2. <mask> doubled to drive in the first run of his career. The Chicago Tribune wrote:
"Of great importance in yesterday's game was <mask> <mask>, another of the [player-manager, Rogers] Hornsby debutants who may be heard from in the future. The slat-like lad threw so skillfully that...the Reds were confined to eight hits."<mask> started three more games in 1931, two of them complete games. For the year, <mask> finished 2–4 with a 3.22 ERA in twenty games, including seven starts. In  innings pitched he allowed 67 hits and 37 walks while striking out 27. The Cubs ended the year 84–70 in third place, 17 games behind the repeat league champion Cardinals. Between 1903 and 1942 the Cubs and Chicago White Sox would almost annually face off in a postseason "City Series" when neither team was playing in the World Series. The series was officially sanctioned by Major League Baseball beginning in 1905. Although official rules and league umpires were used, results and statistics, just as those for the World Series, were not added to regular season totals.Other such "city series" were played elsewhere, such as in Boston, Philadelphia, New York, and Ohio. The 1931 Chicago City Series was played on seven consecutive days from Wednesday, September 30 to Tuesday, October 6. <mask> played in Game 1 of the 1931 Chicago City Series, in which

masks: Warneke Lon Warneke Warneke Warneke Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 43-year-old Urban (Red) Faber of the White Sox shut out the Cubs 9–0 at Wrigley Field before a crowd of 15,000. Warneke came on in the seventh inning, faced six batters, allowed one hit and one walk, no runs. After the 1931 season, <mask> returned home to the family farm in Owley and invested part of his summer pay in 200 feeder cattle at $2.00 a head. Soon after fattening his herd, the cattle market bottomed out. Warneke remarked that he would "keep 'em as pets."1932: Breakout season
In 1932, Cubs manager, Rogers Hornsby credited veteran backup catcher Zack Taylor with helping correct a flaw in Warneke's pitching delivery. Instead of looking at the plate when he threw, he looked down at his feet. Taylor corrected the error and Warneke gained more control over his blazing fastball and hard-breaking curveball. Warneke mused that he would win "about a half dozen games" during the regular season. Instead, Warneke led the National League in wins (22), earned run average (2.37), shutouts (4), and winning percentage (.786), leading the Cubs to the National League Pennant and placing second in Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award voting. Warneke rose to the top of a pitching staff that included Guy Bush (19–11), Charlie Root (15–10), and Pat Malone, another 15-game winner. Offensive stars included Gabby Hartnett, Charlie Grimm, Riggs Stephenson, Billy Herman.<mask> opened the season with five straight complete game victories, helping the Cubs to a 17–6 first-place start to the season. From mid-June to late July, <mask> ran

masks: Warneke Warneke Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 off a nine-game winning streak, all complete games, in a span of 44 Cubs games in which the rest of the pitching staff went 14–21. On August 4, The Sporting News reported on its front page: "Warneke...is the sensation of the outfit, and there is as yet no indication that he is going to slow down." That same day first baseman Charlie Grimm took over as the Cubs' manager, replacing player-manager Rogers Hornsby, whose record was 53–46; the Cubs were in second place, five games behind the Pittsburgh Pirates. On August 11, Warneke started, but did not win, a 3–2 extra inning victory in which the Cubs leapfrogged over the Pirates into first place, where they remained for the last 47 games of the season. The Cubs finished 37–18 under Grimm. <mask> went 5–1 with two shut outs and four no decisions down the stretch.1932 World Series
The Cubs' World Series opponent were the New York Yankees, who finished 107–47, outscoring their opponents 1002–724. Led by sluggers Babe Ruth (.341–41–137), Lou Gehrig (.349–34–151), Tony Lazzeri (.300–15–113), Bill Dickey (.310–15–84), and Ben Chapman (.299–10–107), the team was never shut out all season. The pitching staff included Lefty Gomez (24–7), Red Ruffing (18–7), George Pipgras (16–9), and Johnny Allen (17–4). The Cubs' scored 720 runs (fourth in the N.L.) and were shut out eight times. Only three Cub's batters drove in more than 65 runs: Stephenson, 85; Grimm, 80; Kiki Cuyler, 77. Both teams led their leagues in ERA: the Yankees, 3.98 and the Cubs, 3.44.The Yankees swept the Cubs


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 in the World Series. <mask> started and lost Game 2, 5–2, before 50,000 fans at Yankee Stadium in New York. Nevertheless, he was the Cubs' most effective starter during the series, throwing Chicago's only complete game, in which he scattered ten hits, all singles. Warneke suffered early game jitters, walking the first two batters he faced (both scored) before striking out Babe Ruth. Warneke allowed two more runs in the third and another in the fifth. He retired the side in the sixth, seventh, and eighth innings, facing the minimum nine batters. He struck out seven Yankees in the game and eight in the Series, the most by any Cubs' starter and twice as many as any other Cubs' pitcher.On just two days rest, with the Cubs down three games to none, Warneke was called upon to relieve in the first inning of Game 4; he departed in the fourth inning with the Cubs ahead. 1932 Accolades
Major American newspapers of the day called Warneke the outstanding National League pitcher of the 1932 season and The Sporting News (which had hailed Warneke as "a great pitcher, such as pops up once in a lifetime") named him as one of two pitchers to its 1932 All-Star team, honors foreshadowing the then non-existent Cy Young Award. St. Louis Cardinals (1937–42)

In October 1936 the Cubs traded Warneke to the St. Louis Cardinals for infielder Ripper Collins and pitcher Roy Parmelee. The trade was not popular with many Cub fans and may have cost the Cubs the pennant. Cub's Gabby Hartnett, player-manager from 1938 to 1940, said "That trade


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 hurt us. It probably cost us the pennant in '37." Without Warneke the Cubs finished 93–61, in second place, three games behind the New York Giants.Meanwhile, Warneke led the Cardinals staff with an 18–11 record. Parmelee went 7–8 for the Cubs and was sold the following year; Collins lasted two seasons with the Cubs. Warneke won 83 games for the Cardinals during his five and a half seasons in St. Louis. In 1937, Warneke led the Cardinals' staff with an 18–11 record. This was the only season in which Warneke and fellow Arkansas phenom pitcher Dizzy Dean were on the same team. With the Cardinals, Warneke played guitar and banjo and sang as a member of teammate John "Pepper" Martin's "Mississippi Mudcats" band. Chicago Cubs (1942–43 and 1945)
On July 8, 1942, two days after the All-Star Game, the Chicago Cubs purchased <mask>'s contract for $7,500.Through the remainder of the 1942 season, <mask> had 15 appearances (12 of them starts) with the Cubs, compiling a 5–7 record. In 1943, he made 21 appearances (10 of them starts), and had a 4–5 record. <mask> was notified that he passed his military pre-induction physical on March 28, 1944, his 35th birthday. He had previously announced that he was ready "to toss hand grenades at Hitler and Hirohito." As a civilian director, <mask> was put in charge of recreation at the Shumaker Naval Ammunition Depot near Camden, Arkansas, where he organized, managed, and pitched in a baseball league comprising teams from nearby cities, colleges, and military facilities. Many civilians

masks: Warneke Warneke Warneke Warneke


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 worked in supporting positions during World War II, and <mask>'s role was consistent with President Roosevelt's 1942 statement that baseball was a morale booster. <mask> rejoined the Cubs in June 1945, but pitched in only nine games in his final season as a player, compiling an 0–1 record.Although the Cubs won the pennant, <mask> did not appear in the 1945 World Series. Umpiring career

Warneke first umpired a major league game in 1940, under unusual circumstances. A game on April 23 between the Cincinnati Reds and St. Louis Cardinals had been postponed, and when it was about to be played at Crosley Field on May 13, it was found that no umpires had been assigned by the National League. Umpire Larry Goetz, who lived in Cincinnati, was summoned to the ballpark and served as home plate umpire. Reds' coach Jimmie Wilson umpired at first base, and Warneke umpired at third base. The game ended as an 8–8 tie after 14 innings, called due to darkness. After his playing career ended, <mask> umpired in the Pacific Coast League for the 1946, 1947, and 1948 seasons.In 1949, he became a National League umpire, working that season on a three-man umpiring crew with Jocko Conlan and Bill Stewart. Warneke umpired through the 1955 season, working a total of 1055 games while making 44 ejections. He was an umpire for the 1952 All-Star Game and for the 1954 World Series; he was umpiring along the left field line when Willie Mays made "The Catch" on September 29, 1954. Warneke resigned as an umpire after the 1955 season. Later life and


title: Lon Warneke

texts:
 death
Warneke was a businessman in Hot Springs, Arkansas, before serving as County Judge of Garland County, Arkansas, from 1963 to 1972. <mask> was elected to the Arkansas Sports Hall of Fame on January 19, 1961, and still leads all Arkansas players in many Major League pitching categories including wins, games started, innings pitched, complete games, and shutouts. <mask> died on June 23, 1976, at his home in Hot Springs; he is buried in Owley Cemetery in Montgomery County.On July 21, 2011, <mask> was posthumously inducted into the Reading Baseball Hall of Fame. See also
 List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
 List of Major League Baseball no-hitters

References

Further reading

External links

<mask> <mask> at SABR (Baseball BioProject)

1909 births
1976 deaths
People from Mount Ida, Arkansas
Baseball players from Arkansas
Laurel Cardinals players
Reading Keystones players
Chicago Cubs players
St. Louis Cardinals players
National League All-Stars
National League ERA champions
National League wins champions
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball umpires
County judges in


title: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi

texts: <mask> (born Toscolano-Maderno 1772; died 1846) was a performing musician, composer, author, and virtuoso of both the guitar and the mandolin. He was credited by music historian Philip J. Bone as helping to pull the mandolin out of decline. The mandolin has risen and fallen in its popularity since its invention in the 1730s or 1740s. The instrument went into decline in the early 19th Century, and that decline was commented on by Salvador Leonardi, who was writing for the instrument when it was becoming popular again around 1880. According to Bone, <mask>'s playing inspired people to take up the instrument and for music to be written for it. "This artist, by his extraordinary talent, produced the most wonderful and unheard-of nuances of tone and charms of expression, at that time deemed scarcely possible on so small an instrument.Instead of the monotonous, nasal tone which had hitherto been produced he so manipulated the strings and plectrum that he opened an enlarged sphere of capabilities for the instrument. It is to <mask> that we are indebted for the first revival of the mandolin as a popular instrument, a popularity which lasted for about thirty years and caused most of the great musicians of that time to compose for it." <mask> was born to musical parents, and when quite a child studied the mandolin. At a very early age, he made concert tours through northern Italy, meeting with considerable success. In the year 1800, he visited England where he was well received, remaining there two years and surprising the English audiences with his instrument. At the beginning of the year 1801 <mask> commenced the study of the guitar, and so great was his natural ability that the next year he was performing and teaching this instrument also, to the elite of London society. Whilst residing in London he composed many works for voices and guitar, and piano and guitar, dedicating one of the latter compositions to his pupil, the Duchess of York this being published by

masks:
Bartolomeo Bortolazzi
Bortolazzi
Bortolazzi
Bortolazzi
Bortolazzi


title: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi

texts:
 Monzani & Hill, London.He left London in 1803, touring professionally through Germany and giving concerts in all the important cities with his usual success. He appeared the same year in Dresden, and in Leipzig, Brunswick and Berlin the year following, where critics and musicians were unanimous in their praise of his performances. After his last concert tour, he settled in Vienna in 1805, and devoted himself to teaching and composition. Among his published works we find a method for the guitar entitled: New theoretical and practical guitar school, Op. 21, and a method for the mandolin entitled School for the mandolin, violin system. The guitar method was published in French and German by Haslinger, Vienna; it was a standard work in Austria during the first part of the nineteenth century, and met with such success that it passed through eight editions up to the year 1833. The first eleven chapters, of his method are devoted to the theoretical part, and the twelfth concerns the instrument.After these twelve introductory chapters, follow scales, cadenzas, and studies in all keys, arranged progressively, and thirty exercises on arpeggios, the work is concluded with a fantasia of three pages for guitar solo. The mandolin method, which was issued by Breitkopf & Hartel, of Leipzig, in 1805, also passed through many editions, including one revised by Engelbert Rontgen and published in German. The first lesson describes the mandolin and its various types (lute, Milanese, Cremona and Neapolitan mandolins, etc. )., and it is followed by various exercises for the management of the plectrum. It treats of arpeggios, harmonics, etc., and concludes with a theme and six variations for mandolin with guitar accompaniment. This method was seen as completely out-of-date by 1914. <mask> was the composer of many simple, yet beautiful songs, which were very popular during his life, and among other of his published compositions we mention the following:

Op.5, Six Italian songs


title: Bartolomeo Bortolazzi

texts:
 with guitar
Op. 8, Variations for mandolin and guitar, published in 1804 by Breitkopf & Hartel, Leipzig, and also by Cappi, Vienna
Op. 9, Sonata for mandolin and piano, same publishers
Op. 10, Six themes with variations (in two volumes) for mandolin and guitar
Op. 11, Six Italian songs with guitar, Simrock, Bonn;
Op. 13, Six variations for guitar with violin obbligato
Op. 19, Twelve variations concertante for guitar and piano, Haslinger, Vienna
Op.20, Six French romances with guitar
Periodical Amusements for the Spanish Guitar volume 4. Twelve airs for guitar solo
Rondo for guitar and piano in A, Concha, Berlin
Sonata for guitar and piano, Peters, Leipzig
Six variations for violin and guitar, Spehr, Brunswick
Six dances and twelve books of guitar solos, Haslinger, Vienna
Six Venetian songs with guitar, published in 1802 by Chappell, London
Today, a trio for three voices with piano, dedicated to Count Waldestein, and printed for the author in 1801, London
Cantate a Voccasion de la reception d'un frere, London, 1801
Maurer lied, London 1802,

and numerous other similar works published in London and on the continent. He also left twelve variations for guitar remain in manuscript in Dresden and several others in Vienna. References

External links
Periodical Amusements for the Spanish Guitar, Volume 4. External links
 IMSLP page for Bartholomeo <mask>'s mandolin method. Includes public domain scan in .PDF format. "<mask> <mask> (1772-1846): Mandolinist, Singer, and Presumed Carbonaro" Revista Portuguesa de Musicologia 2:1 (2015); contains data on <mask>'s life in Brazil (1809 to 1846).1773 births
1820 deaths
18th-century Italian people
18th-century Italian male musicians
19th-century classical composers
19th-century Italian composers
19th-century Italian male musicians
Italian classical guitarists
Italian classical mandolinists
Italian male classical composers
Italian male writers
Italian music educators
Italian male guitarists
18th-century Italian

masks: Bortolazzi Bartolomeo Bortolazzi Bortolazzi


title: Mary Ellen Pleasant

texts: <mask> (August 19, 1815 – January 11, 1904) was a 19th-century entrepreneur, financier, real estate magnate and abolitionist. She was arguably the first African-American self-made millionaire, preceding Madam C. J. Walker by decades. She identified herself as "a capitalist by profession" in the 1890 United States census. Her aim was to earn as much money as she was able to help as many people as she could. With her riches she was able to provide transportation, housing, and food for survival. She trained people how to stay safe, succeed, carry themselves, and more. The "one woman social agency" served African Americans before and during the Civil War, as well as meeting a different set of needs after Emancipation.She worked on the Underground Railroad and expanded it westward during the California Gold Rush era. She was a friend and financial supporter of John Brown and was well known among abolitionists. She helped women who lived in California during the California Gold Rush to stay safe and become self-sufficient. After the Civil War, she won several civil rights victories that resulted in her being called "The Mother of Human Rights in California". Legal battles, though, had mixed results. Realizing that she was in a tenuous position as a black woman who had gained political and financial power, she sought ways to blend in to the culture of the times. She portrayed herself as a housekeeper and a cook, long after she was wealthy, but she used these roles to get to know wealthy citizens and gain information for her investments.In the 1870s, she made the acquaintance of Thomas Bell, a wealthy banker and capitalist, which helped her make


title: Mary Ellen Pleasant

texts:
 money and keep her riches and true financial status a secret. She spent her money, and developed the plans, to build a large mansion that outwardly was to seem as if it was the Bell's residence. She assumed the role of housekeeper for the Bells, but it was not a secret in the city that she actually ran the household, managed the servants, and also managed the relationships among the Bells. Author Edward White said of her: "As an entrepreneur, civil-rights activist, and benefactor, <mask> <mask> made a name and a fortune for herself in Gold Rush–era San Francisco, shattering racial taboos." Biography

Early years
<mask> was likely born on August 19, 1814. There are various accounts about where she was born, who her parents were, and if she was born free or not. She claimed that she was born free in Philadelphia on Barley Street.Others state that she was born into slavery in Georgia or Virginia. She may have been the daughter of a voodoo priestess from the Caribbean, a Hawaiian merchant, or a wealthy Virginian. It was said that she had so many stories about her origins to "please her audience or justify her behavior." Her mother disappeared when she was a child, after which she lived with Mr. and Mrs. Williams, and was known as <mask> Williams. When she was six or eleven years of age, but was taken from a household in Philadelphia or Cincinnati. Mr. Williams brought her to Nantucket, Massachusetts to be a domestic or indentured servant to the Hussey-Gardner family, who were Quakers and abolitionists. He left some money for her education with the Husseys, yet <mask> did not get a formal education.She later said "I often wonder what I would

masks:
Mary Ellen
Pleasant
Pleasant
Mary Ellen
Pleasant


title: Mary Ellen Pleasant

texts:
 have been with an education." <mask> stated in her memoir that she was brought to Nantucket by her father, but she had no memories of life before Nantucket or why she went there. When she arrived, around 1820, Nantucket was in the "golden era of Nantucket whaling." As she grew up, she worked in the Hussey's store. Located on Union Street, it was run by <mask>, who she called "Grandma Hussey". Hussey was the grandmother of Phebe Hussey Gardner, who was married to Captain Edward W. Gardner, a whaler. <mask> sought to create a better life for herself by focusing on learning what she could from her surroundings.Working at the store helped her develop a friendly manner and business acumen. She said of that time: "I was a girl full of smartness [who] let books alone and studied men and women a good deal … I have always noticed that when I have something to say, people listen. They never go to sleep on me." She was considered a member of the family by 1839 when she was taken into the home of abolitionists Phebe Hussey Gardner and Edward Gardner. Their son Thomas Gardner taught her how to read and write. She left Nantucket around 1840. Thenceforth she exchanged letters with Phebe Gardner and Ariel Hussey until they died.Phebe and her husband Edward were lost at sea in 1863 and Ariel was deceased by that time. The Underground Railroad

Pleasant was an apprentice for a tailor in Boston on Merrimac Street, and she may have met her first husband in the shop. She married James Smith in Boston in the 1840s. Her husband was an abolitionist and together they helped people who had been enslaved make it north to freedom in Nova Scotia via the Underground

masks:
Pleasant
Mary Hussey
Pleasant