title: Ed Hochuli

texts:
 $4,330 a game. Officials were looking for a 400 percent increase in salary while the league was offering just 40 percent.During the negotiations, <mask> believed the issue in finding a resolution was to convince the league that officials are full-time employees. At the start of the season, officials had rejected a league offer of a 60 percent immediate increase in salary, followed by an 85 percent salary increase in 2002, and a 100 percent increase in 2003. For the first time in league history, replacement officials were used during the regular season. Hochuli had distributed an e-mail to 1,200 potential replacement officials warning them that "Working as a scab will actually hurt and likely kill any chances you would have of ever getting into the NFL." He later regretted sending the letter to college football officials across the United States. The stalemate between the union and the league ended on September 19, 2001, when officials agreed to a six-year deal from the league with an immediate increase in salary of 50 percent with a raise each year. Officials had been locked out since the final week of pre-season games that year and returned to work on September 23, 2001, when the league resumed games following the September 11, 2001 attacks.Celebrity
<mask>'s presence on the football field had created a cult following. His rise in popularity is believed to have been started by Phil Simms, a former NFL quarterback and current color commentator for the NFL on CBS, who made reference to the size of Hochuli's arms during a telecast. On the Internet, websites that sell Hochuli merchandise as well as blogs with his namesake exist. He is often affectionately referred to as "Hochules", a portmanteau of his last name and "Hercules", in homage to his large biceps. While he is aware of his celebrity status, Hochuli does not understand it. He said in a USA Today interview, "I get a kick out of the notoriety, because I'm just a referee. I'm not the players.The players are the game. They're what this is all about. I get notoriety because I

masks: Hochuli Hochuli


title: Ed Hochuli

type: original

texts:
 explain things, and I get notoriety because I have a decent physique, which is funny because I'm a shrimp, a peewee compared to those players. Neither one of those things has anything to do with whether I'm a good referee." His recognition extends to the streets, in airports, and in the courtroom. He has been approached by notable athletes such as former National Basketball Association (NBA) player Charles Barkley at the airport. "It never ceases to amaze me," <mask> told the Arizona Daily Star."The number of people that will just come up to me and recognize me." He appreciates the attention, saying, "I enjoy the fact that there are people who like me as a referee. I hear from a lot of people and I enjoy that. Like anybody, I like praise. Probably because of my personality, I thrive on that more than other people." <mask>'s career as an NFL official has been chronicled on the NFL Network's Six Days to Sunday in 2005. The half-hour television program detailed the game preparations that Hochuli goes through from Monday to Saturday during the season.This preparation work includes fifteen hours of video tape game review, a "couple hours" completing administrative tasks for the NFL, reading the rulebook, taking a weekly written exam on rules, and communicating with league supervisors. <mask>'s celebrity status off the field includes being mentioned on the "Top Ten List" during the edition of January 29, 2002 of the Late Show with David Letterman. His likeness appears in the Madden NFL video game franchise starting with Madden NFL 06. <mask> appeared on the cover of the October 8, 2012 issue of Sports Illustrated. In 2015, he became the subject of "Fallacy Ref", a series of Internet memes about logical fallacies. References

Further reading

1950 births
Living people
College football officials
National Football League officials
UTEP Miners football players
Arizona lawyers
James E. Rogers College of Law alumni
Sportspeople from Milwaukee
Sportspeople from Tucson, Arizona
Players of American football from Arizona
University of Texas at

masks: Hochuli Hochuli Hochuli Hochuli


title: Michael Harrington

texts:
<mask>. (February 24, 1928 – July 31, 1989) was an American democratic socialist. As a writer, he was perhaps best known as the author of The Other America. <mask> was a political activist, theorist, professor of political science, and a radio commentator. <mask> was a founding member of the Democratic Socialists of America, and its most influential early leader. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on February 24, 1928, to an Irish-American family. He attended Roch Catholic School and St. Louis University High School, where he was a classmate (class of 1944) of Thomas Anthony Dooley III. He later attended the College of the Holy Cross, the University of Chicago (MA in English Literature), and Yale Law School.As a young man, he was interested in both leftist politics and Catholicism. He joined Dorothy Day's Catholic Worker Movement, a communal movement that stressed social justice and nonviolence. <mask> enjoyed arguing about culture and politics, and his Jesuit education had made him a good debater and rhetorician. <mask> was an editor of the newspaper Catholic Worker from 1951 to 1953. However, he soon became disillusioned with religion. Although he would always retain a certain affection for Catholic culture, he ultimately became an atheist. Career

His estrangement from religion was accompanied by an increasing interest in Marxism and secular socialism.After leaving The Catholic Worker, <mask> became a member of the Independent Socialist League (ISL), a small organization associated with the former Trotskyist activist Max Shachtman. <mask> and Shachtman believed that socialism, which in their opinion implied a just and fully democratic society, could not be realized by authoritarian communism, and they were both fiercely critical of the "bureaucratic collectivist" states in Eastern Europe and elsewhere. In 1955, <mask> was placed on the FBI

masks:
Edward Michael Harrington Jr
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington


title: Michael Harrington

texts: Index, whose master list contained more than 10 million names in 1939. From the 1950s through to the 1970s, Hoover added an untold number of names of U.S. liberation activists he considered "dangerous characters", to be placed in detention camps in case of a national emergency. Later he was added to the master list of Nixon political opponents. After Norman Thomas's Socialist Party absorbed Shachtman's ISL in 1957, <mask> endorsed the Shachtman strategy of working as part of the Democratic Party rather than sponsoring candidates as Socialists. Although <mask> identified personally with the socialism of Thomas and Eugene Debs, the most consistent thread running through his life and his work was a "left wing of the possible within the Democratic Party."<mask> served as the first editor of New America, the official weekly newspaper of the Socialist Party-Social Democratic Federation, founded in October 1960. In 1962 he published The Other America: Poverty in the United States, a book that has been credited with sparking John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty. For "The Other America," <mask> was awarded one of the George Polk Awards and The Sidney Award. He went on to become a widely read intellectual and political writer, in 1972 publishing a second bestseller, Socialism. His voluminous writings included 14 other books and scores of articles, published in such journals as Commonweal, Partisan Review, The New Republic, Commentary (magazine), and The Nation. He would frequently debate noted opponent, classical liberals/libertarians like Milton Friedman and conservatives like William F. Buckley, Jr. He would also debate a younger generation of left-wing radicals.<mask> was present in June 1962 at the founding conference of Students for a Democratic Society. In clashes with Tom Hayden and Alan Haber he argued that their Port Huron Statement was not sufficiently explicit in

masks: Harrington Harrington Harrington Harrington Harrington


title: Michael Harrington

texts: excluding communists from their vision of a New Left. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Sr. referred to <mask> as the "only responsible radical" in America. Ted Kennedy said, "I see <mask> as delivering the Sermon on the Mount to America," and "among veterans in the War on Poverty, no one has been a more loyal ally when the night was darkest." By the early 1970s, the governing faction of the Socialist Party continued to endorse a negotiated peace to end the Vietnam War, an opinion that <mask> came to believe was no longer viable. The majority changed the organization's name to Social Democrats, USA. After losing at the convention, <mask> resigned and, with his former caucus, he formed the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee.(A smaller faction, associated with peace activist David McReynolds, formed the Socialist Party USA.) <mask> was appointed a professor of political science at Queens College in Flushing, New York City, in 1972. He wrote 16 books and was named a distinguished professor of political science in 1988. <mask> is also credited with coining the term neoconservatism in 1973. <mask> stated that socialists would need to go through the Democratic Party to enact their policies reasoning that the socialist vote had declined from a peak of approximately one million in the years around World War I to a few thousand by the 1950s. He considered running for the Democratic presidential nomination in 1980 against President Jimmy Carter, but decided against it after Senator Ted Kennedy announced his campaign. He later endorsed Kennedy and stated that "if Kennedy loses or is driven out of this campaign, it will be a loss for the left".In 1982, the Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee merged with the New American Movement, an organization of New Left activists, forming the Democratic Socialists of America. It had been the principal U.S. affiliate of the Socialist International, which

masks:
Harrington
Michael Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington
Harrington


title: Michael Harrington

texts:
 includes socialist parties as diverse as the Swedish and German Social Democrats, Nicaragua's FSLN, and the British Labour Party. until it voted to leave in 2017. <mask> remained the chairman of DSA from its inception to his death. During the 1980s he contributed commentaries to National Public Radio. Death
<mask> died from esophageal cancer in Larchmont, New York on July 31, 1989. Political views
<mask> embraced a democratic interpretation of the writings of Karl Marx while rejecting the "actually existing" systems of the Soviet Union, China and the Eastern Bloc.In the 1980s, <mask> said: Put it this way. Marx was a democrat with a small "d". The Democratic Socialists envision a humane social order based on popular control of resources and production, economic planning [...] and racial equality. I share an immediate program with liberals in this country because the best liberalism leads toward socialism. [...] I want to be on the left wing of the possible. <mask> made it clear that even if the traditional Marxist vision of a marketless, stateless society was not possible, he did not understand why this needed to "result in the social consequence of some people eating while others starve". Before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the DSA voiced opposition to that nation's bureaucratically managed economy and control over its satellite states.The DSA welcomed Mikhail Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union. Sociologist Bogdan Denitch wrote in the DSA's Democratic Left (quoted in 1989): The aim of democrats and socialists should be [...] to help the chances of successful reform in the Soviet bloc. [...] While supporting liberalization and economic reforms from above, socialists should be particularly active in contacting and encouraging the tender shoots of democracy from below. <mask> voiced admiration for German Social Democratic Chancellor Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik, which sought to

masks: Harrington Harrington Harrington Harrington Harrington Harrington


title: Michael Harrington

texts:
 reduce antagonism between Western Europe and Soviet states. Personal life
From May 30, 1963, until his death, <mask> was married to Stephanie Gervis <mask>, a freelance writer and staff writer for the Village Voice. During her life, Stephanie Gervis <mask> published articles in The New Yorker, New York Magazine, The Nation, The New York Times Magazine, Harper's, The New Republic, The Village Voice, Vogue, Cosmopolitan, Newsday and other publications. After <mask>'s death, she raised their two children and continued her work as a writer.Gervis <mask> died on November 8, 2008 at age 71. Religion
In 1978, the periodical Christian Century quoted <mask>: "I am a pious apostate, an atheist shocked by the faithlessness of the believers, a fellow traveler of moderate Catholicism who has been out of the church for 20 years." <mask> observed of himself and his high school classmate, Tom Dooley, that "each of us was motivated, in part at least, by the Jesuit inspiration of our adolescence that insisted so strenuously that a man must live his philosophy." In his 1983 Wilson Quarterly article "The Politics at God's Funeral", <mask> expressed his belief that religion was passing into oblivion, but he worried that the passing of the legitimizing religious authority made Western societies lose a moral basis to inspire virtue or define common values. He proposed that democratic socialism should assume the job of helping to create a moral basis; the goal was to salvage the values of progressive Judaism and Christianity "but not in religious form." In 1988, he wrote that:"The politics of international economic and social solidarity must be presented as a practical solution to immediate problems as well as a recognition of that oneness of humankind celebrated in the Biblical account of the common parents of all human beings." Legacy
The City University of New York has established "The <mask> Center

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title: Michael Harrington

texts:
 for Democratic Values and Social Change" at Queens College in his honor.Media appearances
 <mask> was a guest speaker on the television series Free to Choose and argued against some of Milton Friedman's theories of the free market. In 1966 he appeared on William F. Buckley, Jr.'s television program Firing Line. He explained his opinions on poverty and debated Buckley regarding government attempts to address poverty and its consequences. Works
 The Other America: Poverty in the United States. New York: Macmillan, 1962. The Retail Clerks. New York: John Wiley, 1962.The Accidental Century. New York: Macmillan, 1965. "The Politics of Poverty," in Irving Howe (ed. ), The Radical Papers. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Co., 1966; pp. 122–143. The Social-Industrial Complex.New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1968. Toward a Democratic Left: A Radical Program for a New Majority. New York: Macmillan, 1968; Baltimore: Penguin, 1969 paperback edition, with new afterword. Fragments of the Century: A Social Autobiography. New York: Saturday Review Press, 1973. Twilight of Capitalism. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977.The Vast Majority. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977. Tax Policy and the Economy: A Debate between <mask> and Representative Jack Kemp, April 25, 1979., with Jack Kemp, New York: Institute for Democratic Socialism, 1979. James H. Cone, "The Black Church and Marxism: what do they have to say to each other", with comments by <mask>, New York: Institute for Democratic Socialism, 1980. Decade of Decision: The Crisis of the American System. New York: Touchstone, 1981. The Next America: The Decline and Rise of the United States.New York: Touchstone, 1981. The Politics at God's Funeral: The Spiritual Crisis of Western Civilization. New York: Henry Holt, 1983. The New American Poverty. New York: Holt, Rinehart, Winston, 1984. Taking Sides: The Education of a Militant Mind. New York: Holt,

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Harrington
Michael Harrington
Michael Harrington


title: Michael Harrington

texts:
 Rinehart, Winston, 1985.The Next Left: The History of a Future. New York: Henry Holt, 1986. The Long Distance Runner: An Autobiography. New York: Henry Holt, 1988. Socialism: Past & Future, New York: Arcade Publishing, 1989

Biography
Isserman, Maurice The Other American: The Life of <mask>. New York: Perseus Books 2001

See also
 Bernt Carlsson
 Democratic Socialists of America
 New American Movement
 Socialist Youth League

References

Further reading
 Maurice Isserman, The Other American : The Untold Life of <mask>. New York: HarperCollins/Public Affairs, 2000.George Novack, "The Politics of <mask>," International Socialist Review, vol. 34, no. 1 (Jan. 1973), pp. 18–25. External links

<mask> Harrington Center at Queens College, NYC
<mask> Archive at marxists.org
Tribute to <mask>, C-SPAN  (November 10, 1989)
<mask> Papers at Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University
 Fathom Journal - Democratic Socialism, Israel and the Jews: An Interview with <mask> (1975), with new preface by Mitchell Cohen (2020)

1928 births
1989 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century atheists
Activists from New York (state)
Activists from St. Louis
American anti-communists
American anti–Vietnam War activists
American atheists
American male non-fiction writers
American people of Irish descent
American political activists
American political party founders
American political philosophers
American political writers
American social democrats
College of the Holy Cross alumni
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Former Roman Catholics
Members of the Democratic Socialists of America
Members of the Socialist Party of America
New York (state) socialists
People from Larchmont, New York
Queens College, City University of New York faculty
University of Chicago alumni
Writers from St. Louis
Yale Law

masks:
Michael Harrington
Michael Harrington
Michael Harrington
Michael
Michael Harrington
Michael Harrington
Michael Harrington
Michael Harrington


title: Tom Tully (writer)

texts:
<mask> (died 2013) was a noted British comic writer mostly of sports and action-adventure stories. He was the longest-running writer of the popular football-themed strip Roy of the Rovers, which he wrote for much of Roy Race's playing career until the weekly comic closed in 1993. Other notable strips penned by Tully included The Steel Claw, The House of Dolmann, The Incredible Adventures of Janus Stark, The Leopard from Lime Street, The Robo Machines, and Harlem Heroes. During his three-decade career, <mask> wrote exclusively for what became known as the IPC line of publishers: Amalgamated Press/Odhams/Longacre Press/Fleetway/IPC Magazines. Biography
<mask> was born in Glasgow, but grew up in Reading, Berkshire (where he became a supporter of Newcastle United). He worked as a telephone operator for the Royal Air Force as part of his national service. After a series of civil service jobs and earning a diploma in writing for children, he embarked on a freelance writing career.His first sale was at age 25 — a Buck Rogers story. From 1963 to 1970, <mask> was the principal writer on The Steel Claw for Valiant with artist Jesús Blasco, taking over for the fourth serial from Ken Bulmer, and later returning from 1971 to 1973 for the sequel strip, Return of the Claw. In the early 1960s, he wrote Heros the Spartan with art by Frank Bellamy for Eagle. Another one of his most notable strips for Valiant was The Wild Wonders, drawn by Mike Western, about a pair of wild boys, brought up by animals, who turn out to be fantastic athletes. He also worked on Kelly's Eye and Janus Stark (both with Francisco Solano López) in the 1960s. <mask> wrote his first scripts for Roy of the Rovers in 1969, and wrote the comic sporadically until 1974 when he was given the permanent job as lead writer, a position he held for nearly 20 years. During that time, the

masks:
Tom Tully
Tully
Tom Tully
Tully
Tully


title: Tom Tully (writer)

texts:
 strip moved from Tiger to its own self-titled comic.In the 1970s and '80s, <mask> worked on Johnny Red for Battle Picture Weekly. He worked on many 2000 AD projects including Dan Dare, and the sports-related Harlem Heroes and Mean Arena. He also created The Mind of Wolfie Smith for Tornado, which later transferred to 2000 AD. <mask> wrote the Roy of the Rovers strip until the main comic's demise in 1993, with the final incident of Roy's playing career coming when he lost control of his helicopter and crashed into a field. After the closure of Roy of the Rovers, <mask> had very few comics credits. He retired to Wiltshire in the West Country. He died in Autumn 2013.Bibliography
Comics work includes:

Action/adventure strips
 1962–1971 Kelly's Eye:
 in Knockout (with artist Francisco Solano López, 1962–1963)
 in Valiant (1963–1971)
 1962–1964 Heros the Spartan (with art by Frank Bellamy, in Eagle)
  1962 The Guinea Pig (in Eagle)
 1963–1973 The Steel Claw (with art by Jesús Blasco, in Valiant)
 Return of The Steel Claw (in Valiant, 1971–1973)
 1963–1964 Pike Mason (in Boys' World)
 1964– 1969 Mytek the Mighty: (with Bill Lacey and Eric Bradbury, in Valiant, first appearance September 26th, 1964)
 1966–1970 The House of Dolmann (with art by Eric Bradbury, in Valiant)
 1969–1971 The Incredible Adventures of Janus Stark (with art by Francisco Solano López, in Smash!) 1987 The Avenger (with art by Mike Western, in Eagle)

Sporting strips
 1968–1979 Football Family Robinson (with art by Joe Colquhoun):
 in Jag (1968–1969)
 in Tiger (1969–1976)
 in Roy of the Rovers (1976–1979)
 1968–1973 The Wild Wonders (with art by Mike Western, in Valiant)
 1969–1993 Roy of the Rovers (from 1969; continuously 1974–1993)
 in Tiger (1969–1976)
 in Roy of the Rovers (1976–1993)
 1969–1971 Master of the Marsh (with art by Francisco Solano López, in

masks: Tully Tully Tully


title: David Belyavskiy

texts:
<mask> (; born 23 February 1992) is a Russian artistic gymnast and three-time Olympian, representing Russia in 2012 and 2016 and ROC in 2020. He was part of the teams who won gold at the 2020 Olympic Games and 2019 World Championships and silver at the 2016 Olympic Games and 2018 World Championships. Individually Belyavskiy won an Olympic bronze medal on parallel bars in 2016 and a World silver and bronze medal on pommel horse and parallel bars, respectively, in 2017. Additionally he is the 2019 European Games champion, a five-time European Games medalist, seven-time European champion, and 18-time European medalist. Personal life
<mask> was born in Votkinsk, Udmurtia. His parents died early in his life and he was raised by his grandparents, growing up in a boarding school. He attended Ural State University.He married his fiancée, Maria, on October 30, 2016, in Santorini, Greece. In September 2017 their daughter, Alyssia Belyavskaya, was born. Career
Belyavskiy competed in his first world championships in 2010, and finished 6th in all-around at the 2011 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships. 2012
In 2012 Belyavskiy became the national champion on parallel bars. Belyavskiy won the Russian Cup all-around in 2012. He was part of the Russian team that competed at the 2012 Europeans where they won the silver medal behind Great Britain. Belyavskiy then competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics, finishing 5th in the all-around finals and 7th in the pommel horse final.He won bronze in the all-around at the 2012 Stuttgart World Cup. 2013
Belyavskiy began his 2013 season by winning the Russian National all-around title and

masks:
David Sagitovich Belyavskiy
Belyavskiy


title: David Belyavskiy

texts:
 the upcoming European Championships.He qualified to the all-around, pommel horse, parallel bars, and horizontal bar event finals. During the all-around final he finished second behind compatriot Nikita Nagornyy. During event finals he won gold on horizontal bar, silver on parallel bars behind Ferhat Arıcan, and placed sixth on pommel horse. Belyavskiy next competed at the Russian Cup where he won gold on pommel horse and parallel bars. Afterwards he was selected to represent the Russian Olympic Committee at the 2020 Summer Olympics alongside Denis Ablyazin, Artur Dalaloyan, and Nikita Nagornyy. At the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo Belyavskiy helped the team qualify to the team final in third place and individually qualified to the pommel horse and parallel bars event finals; he finished tenth in the all-around qualification but did not advance to the final due to Nagornyy and Dalaloyan placing higher. During the team final Belyavskiy competed on three events and helped the team finish first with a combined score of 262.500; this was the first team Olympic gold medal for Russian athletes in 25 years.On 11 September, he along with his Olympic Team were awarded with Order of Friendship by President Vladimir Putin. Competitive history

See also
List of Olympic male artistic gymnasts for Russia

References

External links

 <mask>y at sportgymrus.ru

1992 births
Living people
Russian male artistic gymnasts
Gymnasts at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts of Russia
Gymnasts at the 2015 European Games
European Games medalists in


title: Nathan Watts

texts:
<mask> (born March 25, 1954 in Detroit, Michigan, United States) is an American session bassist, best known for his work with Stevie Wonder from the 1970s to the present. He has served as Stevie Wonder's musical director since 1994. Biography
Born in Detroit, <mask> started playing the trumpet while he was still in elementary school, inspired by Lee Morgan. <mask> was part of a trio that featured other future prominent session musicians Ray Parker Jr. on clarinet and drummer Ollie Brown and frequented Motown's Hitsville Studios to attend rehearsals and recordings of The Funk Brothers, the base-band of the label. When Parker abandoned the clarinet in favor of the guitar, he convinced <mask> to switch to bass, which was the first thing that he did after graduating from high school in 1972. With his first instrument, a National Bass, <mask> learned "Cold Sweat" by James Brown, and soon began to study the lines of other great bassists such as James Jamerson, Chuck Rainey, and Bob Babbitt. When Ray Parker Jr. joined Marvin Gaye's band, <mask> joined a local group called the Final Decision, with the intention of studying accounting, if his career as a musician failed.In August 1974, <mask> received a call to work with Stevie Wonder, in replacement of Reggie McBride, who had joined Rare Earth. At the time, <mask> had only been playing bass for two years. After being selected as the official bassist of the band, <mask> took part in the Japanese tour of 1975, and then began recording the album Songs in the Key of Life. <mask> says throughout his career with Wonder that he recorded bass tracks on many demos that

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Nathan Lamar Watts
Nathan Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts


title: Nathan Watts

texts:
 Wonder replaced with his own keyboard bass for the final versions. This method was employed for “Knocks Me Off My Feet″ and ″Isn't She Lovely″. From that moment on, <mask>'s career has continued to develop, both alongside Stevie Wonder and with many other artists. Style and valuation
<mask> grew up listening to the Funk Brothers as well as other musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Deep Purple, Rare Earth, Mahogany Rush, and Steppenwolf.In terms of his three main influences as a bassist, <mask> lists James Jamerson, Chuck Rainey and Joseph "Lucky" Scott, bassist of Curtis Mayfield. Technically, his style is characterized by the use of three fingers of the right hand, the strong attack that prints the notes, as well as the frequent use of techniques of palm mute, hammer on, trills and slides. The musician has developed an important career along with Stevie Wonder, with whom he has recorded some songs that would become classics for lovers: "I Wish", "As", "I Ain't Gonna Stand for It" and "Do I Do" are among <mask> top favorite bass lines. More than 36 years in the service of Stevie Wonder – along with being the musical director of the band for 12 years – he earned in 2010 the International Bassist Award from the Winter NAMM Show, an award that recognizes the achievements of the musician throughout his career. Gear
<mask> has used his 1974 Fender Precision Bass and his 1979 Music Man StingRay as main instruments throughout his career. He has also used a Fender Jazz Bass and Yamaha, Aria, and B.C. Rich (four and five string) bass and Roland G-88.On the road he currently switches between Bossa 4 and 5 string

masks:
Nathan Watts
Nathan Watts
Watts
Watts
Nathan Watts


title: Nathan Watts

texts:
 1989 – True Spirit – Ronnie Laws
 1989 – Working Girl – Original Soundtrack
 1990 – Brasil 88: The Sound, The Music – VVAA
 1991 – Force Behind the Power – Diana Ross
 1991 – Live in the Stuffenbau – Bobby Byrd
 1992 – All for Love – Timmy T
 1992 – Do I Ever Cross Your Mind? – George Howard
 1992 – Too Much, Too Little, Too Late – Johnny Mathis
 1993 – Contemporary Sounds of Nicholas, Vol. 1 – Nicholas
 1993 – The Storyteller – Vinx
 1994 – D2: The Mighty Ducks – Original Soundtrack
 1994 – On & On: The Hits of Stephen Bishop – Stephen Bishop
 1994 – A Tribute to Curtis Mayfield [Warner Bros.] – VVAA
 1994 – Corrina Corrina Original Soundtrack
 1994 – Emperors of Soul – The Temptations
 1995 – Faith – Lords of the Underground

References

External links
Official website
<mask> Interview NAMM Oral History Library (2019)

1954 births
Living people
American male bass guitarists
American session musicians
American rhythm and blues bass guitarists
African-American guitarists
American funk bass guitarists
American rock bass guitarists
Guitarists from Detroit
20th-century American bass guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century African-American musicians
21st-century African-American


title: Michael Hudson (political scientist)

texts:
<mask> (June 2, 1938 – May 25, 2021) was an American political scientist, the director of the Middle East Institute and professor of political science at the National University of Singapore. He was also professor emeritus at Georgetown University, where he was professor of international relations since 1979 and Saif Ghobash Professor of Arab Studies since 1980 in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service. While at Georgetown, <mask> served as director of the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies intermittently for over twenty years, most recently from 2007 to 2010. Education
<mask><mask> received his Bachelor of Arts from Swarthmore College in 1959 and his Master of Arts and Ph.D. in political science from Yale University in 1960 and 1964, respectively. In 1961, he received a Certificate in Arabic from Princeton University. While studying for his PhD at Yale, <mask> specialized in comparative politics and international relations with his advisor, the renowned political scientist Karl W. Deutsch. His dissertation was entitled "Political Change in Lebanon: 1943-1963," which would be the basis for his first book The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon.Career
While conducting fieldwork in Lebanon for his doctoral dissertation, <mask> taught history at the American Community School in Beirut from 1962-1963. Also while completing his doctoral degree, he served as an instructor at Swarthmore College, from 1963-1964. Upon completing his studies at Yale University, <mask> became Assistant Professor at Brooklyn College at the City University of New York, from 1964-1968, and then an Associate Professor (tenured), from 1968-1970. In 1970, he became Associate Professor in the School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) at the Johns Hopkins University. He remained at SAIS until 1975, when he co-founded the Center for Contemporary Arab Studies (CCAS) at Georgetown University with a distinguished group of

masks:
Michael Craig Hudson
Hudson
Michael C
. Hudson
Hudson
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Hudson


title: Michael Hudson (political scientist)

texts:
 academics, including Hisham Sharabi, John Ruedy, Ibrahim Oweiss, Ambassador Clovis Maksoud, and Dean Peter F. Krogh. <mask> served as the director of CCAS from 1976-1989, and directed it again in 2000, 2003-2006, and 2007-2010. In 2010, <mask> became the director of the Middle East Institute (MEI) and professor of political science at the National University of Singapore (NUS).<mask> was the first director of MEI, which was founded in 2007 as an autonomous research institute within NUS. He continued to direct MEI. <mask> was also professor emeritus at Georgetown University. In January 2015, he was appointed the Kuwait Foundation Visiting Scholar at Harvard Kennedy School's Middle East Initiative. He was leading a study group at the Kennedy School on "Rethinking the Arab State: The Collapse of Legitimacy in Arab Politics." During the course of his career, <mask> served on numerous boards and committees related to the fields of political science and Middle East studies. He was a founding member of the Middle East Studies Association of North America, and served as president of the association from 1986 to 1987.He served on the editorial boards of the International Journal of Middle East Studies, the Journal of Arab Affairs, and Cambridge University Press's Middle East Library series. He also served as a manuscript evaluator for over a dozen academic journals. He was a member of the advisory board of the National Council on US-Arab Relations and the board of trustees of the American Institute for Pakistan Studies. Furthermore, he served as an external evaluator for Middle East studies programs at the University of Utah, the University of Virginia, and Kuwait University. He also served on committees within the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies. Academic work
In addition to his distinguished record of establishing and directing premier centers for Middle East studies (CCAS and

masks: Hudson Hudson Hudson Hudson Hudson


title: Michael Hudson (political scientist)

texts: MEI), <mask>  was an authoritative scholar of contemporary Middle East politics. His most notable contributions are on the problem of political legitimacy in the Arab world, as set out in his seminal work Arab Politics: The Search for Legitimacy.He identified and explored the legitimacy 'deficits' of various Arab governments, focusing on cultural, institutional, and leadership sources of legitimacy. He argued that the question of participation is key to legitimacy, an issue borne out by the Arab uprisings beginning in 2011. Further, new information technologies and social media have invigorated civil societies in these countries. <mask> also contributed to the scholarship on politics in divided societies, U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, and regional integration and conflict in the Middle East. On politics in divided societies, he took Lebanon as an ongoing case study (see his book The Precarious Republic), critiquing the theory of consociationalism and advocating the deconstruction rather than the institutionalization of sectarianism in Lebanon and elsewhere in the region, despite the recent apparent resurgence of sectarian polarization. On U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East, <mask> contends that a Pax Americana for the Middle East is illusory, owing to the U.S.'s unbalanced approach to the Palestine-Israel conflict, the negative consequences of military interventions, and the failure to maintain soft power and capitalize on a legacy of goodwill. He asserts that "Imperial America" has been driven by dysfunctional domestic pressures and poor decision-making, and suggested that the so-called "American decline" in the Middle East might not be a bad thing for all concerned.Dealing with questions of regional integration and conflict in the greater Middle East, <mask> explored the interplay between 'rationalist' classical international relations theory approaches and 'sociological' approaches that focus on the

masks: Hudson Hudson Hudson Hudson


title: Michael Hudson (political scientist)

texts:
 domestic decision-making arena. Influenced in his academic training by Kenneth Waltz on the one hand and Karl W. Deutsch on the other, <mask> argued against theoretical stovepiping; understanding integrative and conflict tendencies requires acknowledgement of Waltz's 'third image' approach as well as Deutsch's 'social mobilization approach.' As a professor at Georgetown University and elsewhere, <mask> taught courses on comparative politics, international politics, comparative politics of the Middle East, Middle East international politics, Lebanese politics, Palestine and the Arab-Israeli conflict, an introduction to social science, networked cultures and networked politics, Yemeni politics, U.S. policy in the Middle East, and politics in divided societies. <mask> was frequently consulted by news organizations for interviews and guest appearances to discuss political developments in the Middle East. Furthermore, he regularly contributed to the media through opinion editorials and short essays. Some of these outlets include Al-Jazeera English, Jadaliyya, Foreign Policy, Singapore's Middle East Insights, The Washington Post, Lebanon's The Daily Star and Al-Mustaqbal, the International Herald Tribune, and others. Much of <mask>'s academic work was supported by competitive grants and fellowships.These included the Robert R. McCormick Fellowship from Yale University (1959–62), American Philosophical Society grants (1965 and 1968), the Harvard Center for International Affairs Fellowship (1965–66), a Guggenheim Fellowship (1975–76), and a Fulbright Senior Fellowship to Yemen in 1994. He was also the recipient of various honors and awards for his academic and administrative contributions to Middle East studies, including the "Jere L. Bacharach Service Award" from the Middle East Studies Association in 2011. Publications
Books

 Middle East Dilemma: The Politics and Economics of Arab Integration. Editor and Contributor. New


title: Leona Mitchell

texts:
<mask> (born October 13, 1949, Enid, Oklahoma) is an American operatic soprano and an Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame inductee. She is also a Grammy Award-winning soprano who sang for 18 seasons as a leading spinto soprano at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. In her home state of Oklahoma, Ms <mask> has been awarded many honors. These include the Oklahoma Hall of Fame, the Oklahoma Music Hall of Fame, the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame and the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame. Her home town of Enid has a street named after her called <mask> Boulevard, as well as a Museum named in her honor called "The Leona <mask> Southern Heights Heritage Center and Museum". Governor Brad Henry of Oklahoma made her Oklahoma's State Cultural Ambassador. In late 2014, Miss <mask> was inducted into the Oklahoma African-American Hall of Fame.Early life and education
<mask> started singing at an early age in the choir of the Antioch Church of God in Christ in Enid, where her father, Reverend Dr. Hulon <mask>, was the Minister along with her mother, Dr. <mask>, who was the pianist. Leona is the tenth child of Hulon and <mask>; there were 15 children born to this union. Leona's mother went back to school, with her last two sons in high school, and became a Practical Nurse. Her brother Hulon Jr. was better known as Yahweh ben Yahweh, leader of the Nation of Yahweh cult. <mask> received a BA in music from Oklahoma City University and went on to graduate studies at The Juilliard School of Music in New York. Professional career
In 1973, she made her debut as Micaela in Georges Bizet's 1875 opera Carmen with the San Francisco Opera, subsequently she made her Metropolitan Opera debut in New York City on December 15, 1975 in the same role. She sang the role of Bess in the first complete recording of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess from which she received a Grammy for "Best Opera Recording."Miss <mask> has contributed to several recordings, had many television appearances, and served as honorary chair for Black Heritage

masks:
Leona Mitchell
Mitchell
Leona Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Pearl Mitchell
Pearl Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell


title: Leona Mitchell

texts: Month to the Oklahoma legislature. In 1988, <mask> <mask> performed the role of Liù from Turandot, directed by Italy's acclaimed movie producer Franco Zeffirelli, at the Metropolitan Opera. <mask> <mask> has collaborated with many great conductors, including Zubin Mehta, Lorin Maazel, James Levine, and Seiji Ozawa. She has had a long and illustrious career having sung at most of the world's best-known opera houses, including those in Paris, Sydney, Buenos Aires, London (Covent Garden), Vienna, Verona, Parma, Geneva, Bordeaux, Madrid, Marseilles, Toronto, Rio, San Francisco, Berlin, Hamburg, Chile, Barcelona, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Stuttgart, Chicago, Winnipeg, Rome (the Caracalla Baths), Giza in Egypt and at the Orange Festival in France. While singing in Paris, she was referred to by critics as "The Toast of Paris." <mask> was a leading soprano with the Metropolitan Opera of New York for 18 seasons. She essayed in many new productions: Ernani, Turandot, and Aida.Some other roles at the Met were: Micaela, Manon from Manon Lescaut, Leonora from La forza del destino and Il trovatore, Amelia from Un ballo in maschera, Delilah from Handel's Samson, Pamina, Madama Butterfly, Mimi and Musetta from La bohème, Lauretta, and Madame Lidoine in French and English. She has also appeared with major symphony orchestras including those in London, Japan, New York, Los Angeles, Israel, Chicago, Monte Carlo, Philadelphia, Edinburgh, Florence, Pittsburg and Cleveland. <mask> has performed recitals in Hong Kong, Australia, Japan, Spain, Canada,  Sardinia, Korea and all across the United States. <mask> also toured Japan with the Florence Opera and Zubin Mehta and Covent Garden. <mask> has performed for four U.S. Presidents: Ronald Reagan, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton and Vice President George Bush along with many dignitaries which include Prince Charles, Princess Anne, The Honourable Sandra Day O'Connor, and Bishop Desmond Tutu. On July 5, 1986, she performed in the New York Philharmonic

masks: Leona Mitchell Leona Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell


title: Leona Mitchell

texts:
 tribute to the 100th Anniversary of the Statue of Liberty, which was televised live from Central Park on ABC Television. She sang the aria 'Un bel dì vedremo' from Puccini's Madama Butterfly and the American spiritual He's Got the Whole World in His Hands.<mask> has appeared in a production with each one of the Three Tenors: Ernani with Luciano Pavarotti, Turandot with Plácido Domingo, and Carmen with José Carreras, each of which has been recorded on DVD. In addition, She has appeared on many televised broadcasts, including The Merv Griffin Show," The Dick Cavett Show, The Jerry Lewis Telethon, Good Morning America, CBS Night watch, The Charlie Rhodes Show, Public Television along with many PBS "Live from Lincoln Center Broadcasts","Live from the Met series" and The Kennedy Center Honors.She has received honorary doctorates from Oklahoma City University and the University of Oklahoma. In 1983, she was inducted into the Oklahoma Women's Hall of Fame. Videography
 The Metropolitan Opera Centennial Gala, Deutsche Grammophon DVD, 00440-073-4538, 2009

References
Notes

Sources
Leona Mitchell Southern Heights Indian Museum website home page; information retrieved 20 September 2011. Pittman, Kitty, "<mask>, <mask> Pearl", Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture'', Oklahoma Historical Society. Shepherd, Kenneth R., Contemporary Black Biography: <mask> <mask>. The Gale Group, 2006.External links
Metropolitan Opera Archives Database
Leona <mask> Southern Heights Heritage Center and Museum. 1949 births
Living people
20th-century African-American women singers
20th-century American women opera singers
African-American women opera singers
American operatic sopranos
Baptists from Oklahoma
Chickasaw people
Enid High School alumni
Juilliard School alumni
Musicians from Enid, Oklahoma
Oklahoma City University alumni
Singers from Oklahoma
Classical musicians from Oklahoma
20th-century Native Americans
21st-century Native Americans
20th-century Native American women
21st-century Native American

masks: Mitchell Mitchell Leona Leona Mitchell Mitchell


title: Katja Kankaanpää

texts:
<mask> (; born June 30, 1981)  is a Finnish former mixed martial artist who competed in the strawweight division. She is currently signed with Invicta FC. Kankaanpää started martial arts training at her teens when she was 15 years old with Goju-ryu karate. Later she had interest about combat sports by training submission wrestling and other combat arts. <mask> leads the Nordic (all Skandinavia) strawweight rankings and Finnish women, all weight classes MMA rankings. On January 2, 2015 she was awarded 'Nordic Female Fighter of the Year'. The same month, Finnish sports journalists honored her as 'Sportswoman of 2014', category MMA.In addition to her career in MMA, the BJJ purple belt competes in submission wrestling and Brazilian jiu-jitsu tournaments. As of September 13, 2015 she retired from MMA. Mixed martial arts career
Her debut fight against Paulina Suska at Oulu Fight 2, was won by unanimous decision. In her next three fights versus Dalia Grakulskyte, Niina Aaltonen and Ekaterina Tarnavskaja Kankaanpää was able to achieve an untimely victory by submission or TKO. The next five fights went the whole distance with four unanimous decision wins against Karla Benitez, Mei Yamaguchi, Aisling Daly and Juliana Carneiro Lima. Only against Simona Soukupova she fought to a split draw. On May 17, 2014 Katja returned to the cage at Lappeenranta Fight Night 10 in Finland where she defeated Ukrainian Alyona Rassohyna via submission in round 2.This fight took place outside her InvictaFC contract. Invicta Fighting Championships
According to her manager, Kankaanpää took the fight against Daly in Cage Warriors to get Invicta's attention. Kankaanpää was offered a contract with Invicta Fighting Championships immediately after she

masks:
Katja Kankaanpää
Katja


title: Katja Kankaanpää

texts:
 emerged victorious from the fight with Daly. Invicta initially wanted longer deal, but eventually agreed with Kankaanpää and closed a three-fight contract in early 2013. She made her first fight for the organisation at Invicta FC 5: Penne vs. Waterson where she defeated Brazilian Juliana Carneiro Lima by unanimous decision. The first defeat of her career Kankaanpää suffered at Invicta FC 7 on December 7, 2013. In a close decision (29:28, 29:28, 29:28), she was defeated by Joanne Calderwood.On September 6, 2014 Kankaanpää fought for the vacant strawweight title against Stephanie Eggink at Invicta FC 8. She defeated Eggink via submission in round 5 and became the second InvictaFC strawweight Champion. The bout was named "Fight of the Night". On January 17, 2015 Invicta FC announced the prolonging of the contract for 3 more fights. <mask>'s first title defense took place at Invicta FC 12: Kankaanpää vs. Souza on April 24, 2015 in Kansas City, Missouri. After dominating the first three rounds, she got caught by Brazilian Lívia Renata Souza in the fourth in a  Triangle choke  and had to tap out. Kankaanpää fought DeAnna Bennett in Kansas City on September 12 in the co-main event of Invicta FC 14.Kankaanpää lost the fight via controversial unanimous decision and subsequently announced her retirement from MMA the following day. Championships and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts
Invicta Fighting Championships
Strawweight Champion (One time)
Fight of the Night (One time) vs. Stephanie Eggink
Awards
Nordic Female Fighter of the Year 2014
Sportswoman of 2014, category MMA

Personal life
<mask> is married; her maiden name was <mask> Kalliokoski. She studied electronic business and is currently working as a media person in

masks: Katja Katja Katja


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts: <mask> (July 21, 1935 – June 10, 2006) was an American professional baseball pitcher, best-remembered for throwing  scoreless innings of relief to win Game 1 of the 1966 World Series. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago Cubs, Milwaukee Braves, Cincinnati Reds, Kansas City Athletics, Baltimore Orioles, Kansas City Royals, St. Louis Cardinals, and Chicago White Sox. A noted practical joker, Drabowsky engaged in such antics as leaving snakes in teammates' lockers or phoning the opposing team's bullpen to tell a pitcher to warm up. He batted and threw right-handed. Born in Poland to a Jewish family, <mask> emigrated to America in 1938. He excelled as a pitcher in high school and college and was signed as a bonus baby by the Chicago Cubs. He debuted for the Cubs in 1956 and finished tied for second in the National League in strikeouts in his rookie season.In 1958, he gave up Stan Musial's 3,000th hit. An arm injury that year curtailed his effectiveness, and after a couple more seasons with the team, he was traded to the Milwaukee Braves. He played for the Braves, the Cincinnati Reds, and the Kansas City Athletics in 1961 and 1962 before remaining with the Athletics through the end of the 1965 season. During this period, he was sent to the minor leagues a few times, and while in the major leagues, he typically went back and forth between the starting rotation and the bullpen, except in 1963, the year he had his lowest earned run average (ERA) as a starter. <mask> also was the losing pitcher to Early Wynn in Wynn's 300th win that season. Following

masks:
Myron Walter Drabowsky
Drabowsky
Drabowsky


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts: the 1965 season, he was selected in the Rule 5 Draft by the Baltimore Orioles. Once in Baltimore, Drabowsky was used almost exclusively as a relief pitcher.After three starts in 1966, he would pitch only in relief the rest of his career. He became a part of one of the best bullpens in the major leagues and posted ERAs of 2.80, 1.60, and 1.91 during his first three years with the club. The Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant in 1966, and in Game 1 of the World Series, <mask> relieved an innefective Dave McNally with the bases loaded and one out in the third inning. Though he walked a batter to let in a run, he finished the inning with the Orioles leading 4–2, and he threw six scoreless innings after it to preserve the Game 1 victory. The Orioles would sweep the Los Angeles Dodgers in four games, making <mask> a World Series champion for the first time. <mask> was selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft after the 1968 season. He won their first game in franchise history and led the AL in wins for relief pitchers, with 11.In 1970, he was traded back to Baltimore, where he won his second World Series, this one against the Reds. He pitched for the St. Louis Cardinals in 1971 and 1972 before finishing out his career with the Chicago White Sox that year. After his career, <mask> worked for an envelope company and a communications firm until the 1980s, when increased salaries for coaches allowed him to support himself in baseball. He was the pitching coach for the White Sox in 1986, then for several of their minor league teams. Later, he

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 served as the pitching coach for the Cubs in 1994, before rejoining the Orioles as their minor league pitching instructor in Florida. He died June 10, 2006, at the age of 70. Early life
<mask> was born Miroslav Drabowski in Ozanna, a village in southern Poland, located near Leżajsk, and was Jewish.His mother was an American citizen. The two fled to the U.S. in 1938 when Adolf Hitler began mobilizing in Eastern Europe. His father joined them a year later, and the family settled in Wilson, Connecticut, a village in the town of Windsor, just north of Hartford. Growing up in Connecticut, <mask> was an avid Boston Red Sox fan. His favorite player was Bobby Doerr, and he wanted to be a second baseman too, but he was converted to a pitcher by his prep school coach, who observed he had a good arm. Drabowsky went to the Loomis Prep School, now Loomis Chaffee School, in Windsor where he had an 8–0 record with a no-hitter his senior year. He later attended Trinity College in Hartford, where he studied economics.He had an academic scholarship to study at the school until he started partying too much in a fraternity. While at Trinity, he studied economics and played for their varsity baseball team, with whom he also threw a no-hitter. He played summers in Canada, in the Halifax and District League, for the Truro Bearcats. While with Truro, he caught the eye of former Chicago Cubs shortstop Lenny Merullo in 1956, who signed him to play for the Cubs that year. Sources differ on the exact amount of the contract, but <mask> himself said it was for $75,000 ($ today). This made

masks: Moe Drabowsky Drabowsky


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 Drabowsky a bonus baby, meaning the Cubs would have to keep him in the major leagues for two full seasons or expose him to waivers. Baseball career

Chicago Cubs (1956–60)
<mask> made his major league debut on August 7, 1956, having just turned 21.He pitched a scoreless inning of relief in a 6–1 loss to the Milwaukee Braves. Eleven days later, pitching coach Dutch Leonard asked Drabowsky, "How would you like to do some throwing tonight?” "I'd like it," Drabowsky responded. “Then you’re starting against the Cardinals tonight.” Pitching into the eighth inning, Drabowsky held the St. Louis Cardinals to one run, picking up his first major league victory. He continued to make starts for the Cubs the rest of the year and finished the season with a 2–4 record, a 2.47 earned run average (ERA), and 36 strikeouts in 51 innings pitched. In 1957, <mask> was the Cubs' number two starter. He was 4–8 with a 5.04 ERA through July 4; after that, he went 9–7 the rest of the way, with a 2.51 ERA. Control problems affected him during the year, such as in a game against the Cincinnati Redlegs on June 2, when he hit four batters (including future teammate and Hall of Famer Frank Robinson twice) in  innings, tying a major league record.On August 4, in the first game of a doubleheader against the Pittsburgh Pirates, <mask> threw a shutout in a 6–0 victory. He threw another shutout against Cincinnati on September 4, also in the first game of a doubleheader, giving up just two hits this time in a 1–0 victory. <mask> finished the year with a 13–15 record. His 170 strikeouts tied him for


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts: second in the National League with teammate Dick Drott, behind another rookie, Jack Sanford of the Philadelphia Phillies, who had 188. His 33 games started were 4th (tied with Lew Burdette and Sanford), 239 innings pitched 6th, and 12 complete games 8th in the NL (tied with Brooks Lawrence and Don Newcombe). Additionally, he led the league with ten hit by pitches. In 1958, Drabowsky did not appear in a game with the Cubs until May 1, delayed by a throat ailment and a stint in the United States Army Reserve.In his second start of the year, on May 13, he threw a curveball in the sixth inning of a start against the Cardinals which pinch-hitter Stan Musial made contact with for a double. The hit was Musial's 3,000th. Entering July 11, <mask> had an 8–7 record and a 3.80 ERA. In a game against the Pittsburgh Pirates held that day, though, <mask> "heard something snap in [his] elbow." He gave up five runs in the next inning, skipped his next start, and failed to get out of the first inning in his next before having to take time off. "The arm responded to treatment at first,” said Drabowsky, “then I had trouble again. I strained my shoulder favoring the elbow.One thing led to another." He returned for four starts in August but struggled and was shut down for the rest of the year. At season's end, <mask> had posted a 9–11 record with a 4.51 ERA and 77 strikeouts. He gave up 19 home runs, three shy of the previous year's total, despite pitching 114 fewer innings. <mask> kept his spot in the Cubs' rotation in 1959 but saw little improvement from the year before. His


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 best game of the year came on August 7, when he threw a five-hit shutout against the Pittsburgh Pirates. <mask> finished the season 5–10 in 31 games (23 starts), but his ERA dropped to 4.13, and his innings pitched rose to .However, he had seven fewer strikeouts than he had in 1958. In 1960 spring training, <mask>'s arm was pain-free. However, used mostly in relief, he posted a 9.70 ERA through July 4. This got him a demotion to the minor leagues for the first time, as he was sent to the Triple-A Houston Buffs of the American Association. At Houston, <mask> won all five of his starts and had a 0.90 ERA before getting recalled to the Cubs in August. He pitched better for the Cubs in his return, posting a 4.03 ERA in his final 11 games. In 32 games (seven starts), <mask> had a 3–1 record, a 6.44 ERA, and 26 strikeouts in  innings pitched.Milwaukee Braves (1961), Cincinnati Reds (1962), and Kansas City Athletics (1962–65)
At the end of spring training in 1961, the Cubs decided no longer required Drabowsky and traded him along with Seth Morehead to the Milwaukee Braves for Daryl Robertson and Andre Rodgers. Milwaukee did not have room for him in their rotation, though, and used him exclusively in relief, where he had an 0–2 record and a 4.62 ERA in 16 games. After <mask> gave up four runs in the sixth inning of a 10–8 loss to the Cincinnati Reds on June 8, Milwaukee banished him to the minor leagues and never bothered to call him up again the rest of the season. He finished the year pitching for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association, where in 20

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts: games (nine starts), he had a 9–6 record but a 4.75 ERA, with 54 strikeouts in 106 innings pitched. Milwaukee left him unprotected from the Rule 5 draft after the season, and he was selected by Cincinnati. He started 1962 with the Reds, who used him both as a starter and a reliever. In 23 games for them (10 starts) through August 4, he went 2–6 for them with a 4.99 ERA.On August 13, the Kansas City Athletics acquired him for cash. He appeared in 10 games (three starts) for Kansas City the rest of the year, going 1–1 with a 5.14 ERA. <mask>'s combined stats on the season were a 3–7 record, a 5.03 ERA, and 75 strikeouts in 33 games (13 starts). Kansas City sent <mask> to the Triple-A Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League to start the 1963 season; most of his appearances were in relief (19 games, 2 starts) but after going 5–1 with a 2.13 ERA, he got called up to the major league club in June. Back in the majors, he was used as a starter once again. He lost his first six decisions, then went 7–7 the rest of the year to finish 1963 with a 7–13 record. One of the losses from the losing streak was notable; it was the 300th win for Early Wynn, on July 13.Despite the losing numbers, he had a very good 3.05 ERA and topped one hundred strikeouts for the first time since his rookie year, making the 1963 season a resurgence. <mask>'s 1964 season got off to a good start, as he pitched into the eighth inning in his first start and gave up just one run in a 3–1 victory over the Washington Senators. After that, he would lose seven decisions in a row before getting

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 another win on June 8 (again against the Senators). He pitched out of the bullpen for a few games in June; by the end of July, he was being used almost exclusively as a reliever. <mask> appeared in the most games of his career that season (53), starting 21 times and logging  innings. He struck out 119, the most since his rookie season. However, his record was 5–13, and his ERA was 5.29, a jump from the 3.05 mark the year before.Despite the losing record and the high ERA the year before, <mask> was Kansas City's Opening Day starter in 1965. He went 0–3 with a 5.55 ERA in his first five starts before getting sent to the bullpen, then demoted to the Athletics' Triple-A affiliate, now the Vancouver Mounties, halfway through June. <mask> was not called back up, finishing the season in Vancouver. In 14 games (five starts) with Kansas City, he had a 1–5 record and a 4.42 ERA. In 17 games (12 starts) with Vancouver, he had an 8–2 record with a 2.44 ERA and 85 strikeouts in 96 innings—his time in Vancouver would be the last time he ever pitching in the minor leagues. After the 1965 season, Baseball-Reference reports that the St. Louis Cardinals purchased his contract from Kansas City on an unknown date. The Society for American Baseball Research reports merely that the Cardinals were interested in selecting him in the Rule 5 Draft from Kansas City but ultimately never got a chance to select him.Either way, he would not pitch for the Cardinals in 1966, as the Baltimore Orioles took him in the Rule 5 Draft on November 29, 1965. Baltimore Orioles (1966–68)
The trade to


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts: Baltimore was a turning point in <mask>'s career. It was here that he became a full-time relief pitcher; after making three starts for the Orioles in August 1966, Drabowsky would never start a game again over his final six years in the major leagues. With teammates Stu Miller, Dick Hall, and Eddie Fisher, Drabowsky was a part of one of the best bullpens of the 1960s. Though <mask> was part of the Orioles' roster to begin the 1966 season, he was only used nine times in the team's first 37 games, and he had a 3.94 ERA. At the end of May, he asked pitching coach Harry Breechen if he could throw once every two nights. Pitching more frequently from that time forth, <mask>'s ERA fell to 2.59 over his final 35 games.Bullpen coach Sherm Lollar speculated joining the Orioles gave Drabowsky new confidence. "We were a contender and could support his pitching." Drabowsky finished the year with six wins, no losses, a 2.81 ERA, and seven saves. He struck out 96 in 98 innings pitched as the Orioles won the American League (AL) pennant, sending <mask> to the playoffs for the first time in his career. In the opening game of the 1966 World Series against the Los Angeles Dodgers, <mask> entered the game in the third inning with one out and the bases loaded after starter  Dave McNally was taken out of the game. After striking out the first batter, he walked Jim Gilliam to force in Lou Johnson for a run to cut Baltimore's lead to 4–2. That would be the last run the Dodgers scored in the entire series, however, as the Orioles would sweep them 4–0, the Orioles' next three wins


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 coming on shutouts from Jim Palmer, Wally Bunker, and McNally.<mask> set a one-game World Series record for relievers by striking out 11 batters, and he tied Hod Eller's 47-year record of six consecutive fans in the 1919 World Series. Over the next two seasons, <mask> continued to perform excellently in relief. In 1967, he was one of the few Oriole pitchers to repeat his success from the season before. Struggles by Stu Miller, who had gotten most of the Oriole saves a year before, allowed <mask> to be the team's primary closer. <mask> got off to a 6–0 start, with a mere six earned runs allowed through his first 25 games of the year. Beginning with his first loss July 28, <mask> would finish out the year with a 1–5 record, and his ERA would rise to 3.45 in his final 18 games. Still, Drabowsky finished the year 7–6, with a 1.60 ERA.He struck out 96 in 95 innings pitched and was tied for seventh in the AL with 12 saves, the only season in his career that he finished in the Top 10 of a league in saves. <mask> did not allow a run in 1968 until his tenth game of the year. For the second year in a row, he posted an ERA under 2.00 (1.91). He threw  innings in 45 games, and he had a 4–4 record with seven saves and 46 strikeouts. MLB added four clubs for the 1969 season, however, and <mask> was one of the few veterans selected by the Kansas City Royals in the expansion draft, ending his first stint with the Orioles. Later career
Back in Kansas City, <mask> negotiated with his new club for a raise before signing his contract on February 28, 1969. He won the first-ever

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky Drabowsky


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts: game in Royals' history, pitching a scoreless 12th on April 8 against the Minnesota Twins in a 4–3 victory.The win was the first of many for <mask> that season; he led all AL relief pitchers in 1969 with 11 victories. Additionally, he saved 11 games and finished 37 games (7th in the league). He threw 98 innings in 52 appearances and had a 2.94 ERA. <mask> started 1970 with the Royals again. He spent time in the hospital after an averse reaction to medication, presumably during a stretch in May where he had 12 days off. On June 15, he saw on the out-of-town scoreboard that the Orioles' pitchers had struggled late in a game against the Milwaukee Brewers and speculated that the team would be wanting some bullpen help. Sure enough, he was traded back to the Orioles that same day, for Bobby Floyd."I always knew I'd come back to the Orioles someday," he said. He made 21 appearances for the Orioles the rest of the season, finishing the year with a 5–4 record, a 3.52 ERA, and 59 strikeouts in 69 innings pitched in 45 games between Kansas City and Baltimore. The Orioles won the AL East, and <mask> was a part of their playoff roster. He did not make an appearance in the first-round sweep of the Twins but was used twice in the World Series against the Reds. In Game 2, he entered in the fifth and pitched  innings, giving up a solo home run to Johnny Bench in the Orioles' 6–5 victory over the Reds. He threw a scoreless ninth inning in Game 4, but the Orioles lost that game 6–5. However, that was the Orioles only loss of the series, and Drabowsky won another World Series


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 ring as the Orioles defeated the Reds in five games.<mask> was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals for Jerry DaVanon on November 30, 1970. He got into 51 games his first season with St. Louis, going 6–1 with a 3.43 ERA, eight saves, and 49 strikeouts in  innings pitched. His ERA improved with the Cardinals during the next season; it was at 2.60 through his first 30 games when the club released him August 9. Signed days later by the Chicago White Sox, he became the 6th-oldest player in the American League. <mask> saw the end of his career coming in a game against the Boston Red Sox in August. "I threw a fastball [to Tommy Harper], and I watched that ball go to the plate, and I said, ‘When in the world is that ball going to get to the plate?’ I said, ‘Hey, my career is over.’” In 37 games, he had a 1–1 record, a 2.57 ERA, two saves, and 26 strikeouts in 35 innings. He lasted until the end of the year with Chicago, but following his release on October 6, <mask> would never pitch again.Career statistics and pitching style
In 17 seasons <mask> won 88 games, lost 105, saved 55, struck out 1,162 and walked 702 in 1,641 innings pitched, posting a 3.71 ERA. He threw a fastball, curveball, and slider. When the Cubs first signed him, he was a hard-thrower, which helped him tie for second in the league in strikeouts as a rookie. Despite control issues, <mask> was supposed to be a future star for the team. However, his velocity went down after his arm injury in 1958. “I struggled for a few years after developing arm trouble,” summed up Drabowsky. “Then I made some delivery


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 adjustments and became a pitcher instead of a thrower.I also became a student of the game, analyzing hitter’s strengths and weaknesses, and this is how I survived.”

Later life and coaching

Following his career, <mask> initially worked in other fields. He had a job with the Garden City Envelope Company in Chicago through 1982, following which he worked with a Canadian-owned communications firm. Changing salaries for coaches enabled him to return to baseball in the mid-1980s, and he became the Chicago White Sox' pitching coach in 1986. He then coached White Sox farm teams for several years: the Double-A Birmingham Barons from 1987 to 1988 and the Triple-A Vancouver Canadians from 1989 to 1991. Moving to the Cubs' organization in 1993, he served as the team's minor league pitching instructor for a year, then was the Cubs' pitching coach in 1994. After that, he served as the Orioles' minor league pitching instructor in Florida for over ten years, until his death in 2006. Practical joker
<mask> was well known as a prankster whose jokes involved, among other things, being rolled to first base in a wheelchair after claiming to be hit on the foot by a pitch while with the Cubs.(Teammate Dick Drott obtained the wheelchair and pushed <mask> to first—and was ejected from the game.) Frequently, he would make prank phone calls with the bullpen phones. While on the road at Anaheim Stadium in California, he once ordered a takeout meal from a Chinese restaurant—in Hong Kong. The year after he left Kansas City, when Baltimore was playing the Athletics on May 27, he called


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts: Kansas City's bullpen and, imitating former manager Alvin Dark's voice, ordered Lew Krausse Jr. to warm up, then sit down again. Not until the third call did someone recognize his voice. "You should've seen them scramble, trying to get Lew Krausse warmed up in a hurry," <mask> said. "It was really funny."Once, he inserted three goldfish into the other team's water cooler. Snake pranks were a specialty of <mask>'s; while he was with the Orioles, he cultivated relationships with a number of pet shops around Baltimore. The stores would loan him their snakes, and Drabowsky managed to scare such famous players as Brooks Robinson, Paul Blair, and Yogi Berra. During the 1969 World Series, a biplane flew over Memorial Stadium during Game 1 with a banner proclaiming, "Good Luck Birds: Beware of <mask>." For Game 2, he got the Baltimore Zoo to deliver a seven-foot black snake to the stadium. Though he was with the Orioles for their next World Series against the Reds, Drabowsky was more subdued in 1970: "When you're in the Series, you have to be careful because [pranks] might backfire." However, this caution did not apparently apply to people off the field, as Drabowsky gave Commissioner Bowie Kuhn a hot foot during the Orioles' 1970 World Series celebration."You never saw a shoe come off so fast in your life," Drabowsky assessed the effectiveness of that prank. In 1971, sportswriter Hal Bock was twice the victim of a Drabowsky hot foot during a series in New York (NL President Chub Feeney responded with an official censure.) During the same year, Drabowsky also threw

masks: Drabowsky Drabowsky Moe


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 cherry bombs in Chief Noc-A-Homa's teepee on a road trip to Atlanta. After retiring, he continued his jokes during his coaching days. Once, he even got arrested for cruelty to animals; Drabowsky wondered if he had done something unacceptable until he was informed at the police station that it was a joke arranged by his players. In the Jim Bouton book "Ball Four", one of Drabowsky's teammates claimed that Drabowsky got sick on a team flight and "puked up a panty girdle." "There is no bigger flake in organized baseball than Drabowsky," Bouton said.Polish heritage
Chicago columnist Mike Royko stated in his annual Cubs quiz, April 11, 1968, that <mask> "is still considered the best pitcher that Ozanna, Poland, ever produced." In 1987, Drabowsky took a trip there with Hall of Famer Stan Musial to hold a baseball clinic in Kutno. Though Poland was his birthplace, he needed an interpreter to communicate with the players. "Talent in the raw, this is," Drabowsky characterized the Polish ballplayers with his usual wry sense of humor. "Very raw. Very, very raw. Extremely raw."He and Musial brought the participants baseball equipment donated by the MLB Commissioner's office, training the players on the fundamentals of the game. <mask> was inducted into the National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame in 1999. Personal life
In 1957 <mask> met his first wife, Elisabeth Johns, a flight attendant for United Airlines, while traveling with his teammates. They were married in 1958 and had two daughters: Myra Beth and Laura Anne. A baseball fan, Elisabeth once told a reporter


title: Moe Drabowsky

texts:
 that she had harbored a crush on Dodgers' star Gil Hodges since she was ten. <mask>'s daughter Laura, played the role of Brenda Madison on Port Charles. After 35 years of marriage, <mask> and Elisabeth divorced, and <mask> got remarried in 1992.During his playing career, he worked as a stockbroker in the offseason. The Sporting News quipped that he came to the major leagues with The Sporting News in one hand and The Wall Street Journal in the other. <mask> died in Little Rock, Arkansas following a long battle with multiple myeloma at age 70 on June 10, 2006. First diagnosed with the disease in 2000 and given six months to live, he survived longer than expected, continuing to coach while undergoing stem cell treatments. See also
 List of baseball players who went directly to Major League Baseball
List of select Jewish baseball players
List of Philadelphia and Kansas City Athletics Opening Day starting pitchers

References

External links

Baseball Almanac
Baseball Library

1935 births
2006 deaths
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
Baltimore Orioles players
Chicago Cubs coaches
Chicago Cubs players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds players
Deaths from cancer in Arkansas
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Houston Buffs players
Kansas City Athletics players
Kansas City Royals players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Major League Baseball

masks: Drabowsky Moe Drabowsky Drabowsky


title: Arthur Rhoné

texts:
<mask>-<mask> (14 March 1836 – 7 June 1910) was a wealthy amateur French Arabist and Egyptologist. He was known for his efforts to prevent the vandalism of monuments in Cairo, Egypt, and in Paris, France. Often the destruction was done in the name of restoration, or of other improvements to the city. Life

Early years (1836–65)
<mask> was born in Paris on 14 March 1836. He was the eldest child of a Catholic family that had a good income from the Anzin mines, which had been discovered by an ancestor. His father, <mask>, Master of Requests (maître des requêtes) at the court of auditors, died prematurely in 1847. In November 1864 <mask> met Théodule Devéria, conservator of the Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre.A month later <mask>, Devéria and some friends sailed to Egypt, where he saw Alexandria, Cairo, Memphis, and the work on the Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps. This was Devéria's third visit to Egypt, in which he made drawings and took photographs that were reproduced in an album of 77 plates. The party went on to the Holy Land, Damascus and Istanbul. The voyage made a great impression on <mask>. Work in France (1865–79)

On his return to France in 1865 Rhoné planned a major work with his companions on ancient Egypt with historical notes on the hieroglyphs, natural history and history of the pharaohs. He would provide a precise topography of Cairo with supporting maps and explanatory notes about the city's monuments. However, there were delays in starting the project, and his lack of professional status proved a drawback.A few months later he married Gabrielle Bertrand, daughter of the mathematician and academician Joseph Bertrand. In 1867 Rhoné

masks:
Arthur
Ali Rhoné
Arthur Rhoné
Léon Rhoné
Rhoné
Rhoné
Rhoné


title: Arthur Rhoné

texts:
 monuments and the topology of Cairo.The Comité de Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe (Commission for Conservation of Monuments of Arab Art) was established by decree of the Khedive on 18 December 1881, due in part to the pressure from Rhoné and his friends. Later career (1882–1910)

In the summer of 1882 Rhoné refused an invitation to further extend his mission in Cairo. On his return to Paris Rhoné became involved in preserving that city, attacking the changes being made by Georges-Eugène Haussmann. He made one further trip to the East, when he visited Petra with Augé de Lassus. In 1884 he lost all sight in one eye, and could only see poorly with the other. Rhoné published Réflexions sur l’enlaidissement progressif des villes qu’on embellit (Reflections on the progressive disfiguration of cities by improvements) in 1889. In this work he denounced the treatment of ancient Parisian buildings and monuments, with removal of architectural elements that did not suit modern taste, addition of incongruous modern structures beside the old and destruction monuments by great boulevards.<mask> died in Paris on 7 June 1910. Memberships

Rhoné was a member of various societies:
Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France: member (1874–96)
Société des amis des monuments parisiens: associate (1885–1900), committee member and treasurer (1886–90)
Société historique du VIe arrondissement de Paris: member of the administrative council (1898–1910)
Société historique et archéologique des VIIIe et XVIIe arrondissements de Paris
Société nationale des antiquaires de France: correspondent (1889)

Publications

Notes

Sources

1836 births
1910 deaths
French


title: Li Yonghong

texts:
<mask> (born 16 September 1969) is a Chinese businessman and investor who first came into the public eye in 2016 when he succeeded Silvio Berlusconi as the owner of the Italian football club A.C. Milan. <mask> is also known for his stock market transactions in mainland China. <mask> was born in Guantang Village, Daqiao Town, Huazhou, Maoming, Guangdong Province. He also had a citizenship in the Hong Kong S.A.R. of China by migrating there in 1994 (claimed by himself), which was considered as a "foreign" investor in mainland China due to separate legal jurisdiction of Hong Kong from the rest of China. Career
According to a C.V. provided by <mask> to Duolun Industry, <mask> was the director and general manager of a Hong Kong incorporated company Enson Enterprises Limited () from 1994 to 1997 (a company dissolved by striking-off in 2000); the director and general manager of a Chongqing-based company () from 1997 to 2005, as well as chairman and CEO of Hong Kong-incorporated "Grand Dragon International Holdings Co., Ltd." from 2005. However, according to the filings in Hong Kong Companies Registry, there was no such <mask> in the board of directors of Enson Enterprises, nor in Grand Dragon.Instead, <mask> was the director of China Power Group (HK) Limited (), Hong Kong China Power Books Publication Co., Ltd. (), Noble Wisdom Development Limited () and LYH Investment Limited, according to the database of Hong Kong Companies Registry. A.C. Milan
In August 2016, Fininvest, the parent company of Italian football club A.C. Milan, signed a preliminary agreement with a Chinese investment management company Sino-Europe Sports Investment Management Changxing Co., Ltd. () to sell the club for €740 million (including €220 million indebtedness of the company), valued on 30 June 2016 (A further €90 million cost of the club from 1 July to the closing date was added to the valuation). Sino-Europe Sports paid

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong


title: Li Yonghong

texts: Fininvest €100 million immediately after the deal as a deposit, and the closing date of the deal was set at December 2016. Sino-Europe Sports, registered in Changxing County, according to Chinese Government's National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, was solely owned by mainland Chinese citizen Chen Huashan () with a share capital of just . However, it was reported that <mask> and a private equity fund () of Haixia Capital Management were the true owner of Sino-Europe Sports. Moreover, Sino-Europe Sports was represented by David Han <mask> in the signing of the contracts with Fininvest. In the same month Sino-Europe Sports found a private equity fund (incorporated as a limited partnership as ) to raise fund to acquire Milan, which Chinese listed company Rongyu Group (formerly known as Jilin Yongda Group) signed an agreement to subscribe  deferred share, which would only paid-in the capital when the fund raise enough capital in ordinary and preference share.However, Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum in December, and the deal was delayed to March 2017. Sino-Europe Sports paid a second deposit of €100 million (making the total deposit was €200 million) to Fininvest via Hong Kong subsidiaries of Sino-Europe Sports: Rossoneri Sport Investment Co., Ltd. and Rossoneri Champion Co., Ltd.. However, according to the filing in Hong Kong Companies Registry, Rossoneri Sport Investment borrowed HK$830 million (around €100 million according to exchange rate at that time) from a BVI-incorporated company, Willy Shine International Holdings Limited () on 13 December 2016. The loan was refurbished on 23 January 2017. In February 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong) was recapitalised by yet another BVI-incorporated company Rossoneri Advanced Co., Ltd. for HK$864.5 million, making Sino-Europe Sports became a minority shareholder on Rossoneri Sport Investment (of Hong Kong)

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li


title: Li Yonghong

texts: for HK$100 million share, or 10.37%, although Chen remained as the sole director of Rossoneri Sport Investment and 100% owner of the entire share capital of Rossoneri Champion. The two BVI companies had raised a concern in Italy on who was the actual investors. Sino-Europe Sports failed to pay the residual sum again in March 2017.In order to finalise the closing, the company received a loan from Elliott Management Corporation, an investment firm which has widely been described as a vulture fund. According to Calcio e Finanza, Elliott used two associate companies King George Investments and Genio Investments to finance the parent company of Milan that was owned by Li indirectly. It was also reported that another private equity fund, Blue Skye, also financed the deal. On 13 April 2017, the sale was officially finalised, which Rossoneri Sport Investment Luxembourg Sàrl became the new direct parent company of the club. Rossoneri Luxembourg, as of January 2017 was owned by Hong Kong-company Rossoneri Sport Investment. On 14 April <mask> was confirmed as the new chairman of the club, with Marco Fassone was confirmed as CEO (). It was reported that the final price of the club was €606 million (the price included a refurbishment of a €90m credit line of Fininvest to Milan), excluding the refurbishment of the club debt.The club had planned to issue 2 tranches of corporate bonds for a total of €128m, ( and ) as well as a recapitalization of a maximum of €60m, in order to funding the club in 2017 after the takeover. On 22 October 2017, it was revealed by David Webb that Teamway International Group (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time), a small-sized Hong Kong-listed company, had lent US$8.3 million (approx. HK$65 million by the narrow band floating exchange rate) to Hong Kong-based Rossoneri Sport Investment. According to the press release by Teamway (known as Jin Bao Bao at that time) on 29 August 2017, it


title: Li Yonghong

texts: was also revealed that Rossoneri Advance[d] was owned by <mask> himself; <mask> charged the entire issued shares of Rossoneri Advance[d] to Teamway International Group as collateral. In September 2017, Rossoneri Sport Investment also filed a revised "Annual Return" to reflect the "correct" condition in June 2017, that Rossoneri Advance owned all the shares of the company. On 31 October 2017, Reuters reported that <mask> only paid-in €27 million out of €60 million capital increase of AC Milan so far, matching the concern of his financial condition, willingness and ability to recapitalize Milan with such a high interest rate on a small amount of loan. Last but not the least, <mask> failed to refurbished the loan in February 2018, but was allowed to extended for a month, with an interest rate of 24% p.a.On 16 November 2017, The New York Times reported that <mask> alleged himself had a mining empire to Italian football officials, which "was hardly known even in mining circles [of China]." The mining empire, on paper record, was owned by other people. However, the newspaper also stated that "Some wealthy people in China list their holdings under the names of relatives or associates to avoid scrutiny". At the same time, UEFA was not convinced to a proposal from Milan, regarding a voluntary agreement that aiming to delay the deadline of break-even requirement of UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations, according to the report of La Gazzetta dello Sport. It was formally rejected in December by the UEFA, citing " there are still uncertainties in relation to the refinancing of the loans to be paid back in October 2018 and the financial guarantees provided by the main shareholder. "; Marca speculated that the club may face discipline action regarding the club's summer spending. Eventually Milan was banned by UEFA from European competition for 2018–19 season, citing "the break-even requirement".It was reported

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li
Li
Li
Li


title: Li Yonghong

texts:
 that Milan failed to meet the aggregate break-even requirement for the period from 2014 to 2017. In July 2018, Elliott Management acquired full ownership of Milan. On 12 July, Elliott officially struck-off Li's holding company Rossoneri Champion Inv. Lux. as a shareholder of Milan's direct parent company Rossoneri Sport Inv. Lux. According to the press release of Teamway International Group, Li also defaulted the loan from Teamway International Group.Other Business Activities

Jade Valley Group
It was reported that <mask> is the son of <mask>hi () and younger brother of <mask>i (), which were arrested in 2003 for illegally raising funds in Huazhou, Maoming. According to legal proceeding, <mask> family had set up a company in mainland China as Jade Valley Development () to invest in farmland. However, they also made false dividend forecast to attract investment as a pyramid scheme. According to the legal proceeding and Hong Kong Companies Registry, <mask> family had set up a Hong Kong company Jade Valley Group Limited (, formerly known as Lis Consortium (International) Limited; ) to channel the assets, which was 95% owned by <mask>'s eldest brother <mask> (); the rest of the share was owned by a Honduras citizen, with unknown relation with <mask> family. Chinese police failed to arrest <mask> as he also had Hong Kong citizenship and evaded from mainland China. It was reported that <mask> had emigrated to Honduras. Jade Valley Group Limited was dissolved by striking off from the register by the government of Hong Kong in 2005.According to 1993 Hainan Yearbook, <mask> family's Jade Valley Group Limited incorporated two subsidiaries in Hainan ( and ), to develop Chief Power Building (), which <mask> was the general manager and his eldest brother <mask> as the chairman. In 2010 Chief Power Real Estate was dissolved by strike-off from the registry by the administration bureau, as the bureau failed to

masks:
Li Yonghong
Li Naiz
Li Yongfe
Li
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Hongqiang
Li Hongqiang
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Hongqiang


title: Li Yonghong

texts:
 company, under the new owner Xian Yan (), pledged the entire 11.75% shares back to Li Yonghong. Half of the pledged shares were released in April 2014 and May 2014, only sold by the holding company on the same day. In August 2014, the shares pledged to Li Yonghong were released, only re-pledged to Ping An Securities on the same day.According to a news report by China Securities Journal, Chen Jianyong () and Xian <mask> (), the relatives of <mask> and Xian Yan respectively, had formed two companies ( and ) respectively, which were the investors in a private equity fund (as a trust) to buy the shares of Duolun Industry, which was accused by other investor () of the fund as insider trading. Using alias
According to news report by Securities Times (a newspaper of "People's Daily Press"), <mask> may used an alias <mask> () to do business in some companies, such as Beijing Dahe Zhizhou Group () and Li family's Chief Power Real Estate. Grand Dragon International Holding
Li Yonghong alleged himself as the chairman of Hong Kong-incorporated Grand Dragon International Holdings (). The company falsely claimed itself as the official Chinese side representative to build the Thai Canal. In 2017 a press release of Grand Dragon International Holding appeared on the website of another company Guangdong Longhao Aviation Group (), denying <mask> was the chairman of Grand Dragon International Holdings at any time. List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors
On 12 September 2018, <mask> was added to the List of Dishonest Judgment Debtors () by the local court of Jingmen. According to the press release, <mask> defaulted a loan from aforementioned Hubei Jingjiu ().References

1969 births
Living people
A.C. Milan chairmen and investors
A.C. Milan directors
Businesspeople from Guangdong
Chinese football chairmen and investors
Hong Kong businesspeople
People from Maoming
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from

masks:
Li
Li Yonghong
Li Yonghong
Li Bingfeng
Li
Li
Li


title: Cliff Couser

texts:
<mask> (born May 18, 1971) is a heavyweight boxer. Nicknamed "The Black Bull" and often "Twin Tyson" for his resemblance to Mike Tyson, <mask> fought several contenders from his era. <mask> has also claimed numerous times to be the half brother of Mike Tyson. Professional career
<mask> turned pro in 1993 and has   beaten notable fighters, such as James "Quick" Tillis, Jorge Luis Gonzalez and Monte Barrett. His career peak was 25-10, until he lost to former light Heavyweight and Heavyweight champion Michael Moorer and went 1-11 after that. He has won the Utah State Heavyweight title and also the North American Heavyweight titles. Outside the Ring
<mask> played Mike Tyson in the HBO film Don King: Only in America.He has a son by the name of Sky Christopher King who resides in Rosedale, Mississippi and a daughter by the name of Shae Moore who lives in Las Vegas.

masks:
Clifford Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser
Couser


title: Roland II Rátót

texts:
<mask>II) from the kindred Rátót (; died 1307) was a Hungarian baron at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. He was one of the seven barons in the early 14th century, who were styled themselves Palatine of Hungary. He was the ancestor of the Jolsvai family. Family
<mask> II was born into the influential and prestigious gens (clan) Rátót, as the son of magister Leustach II. His grandfather was Dominic I, who was killed in the Battle of Mohi in 1241. <mask> II had a brother Desiderius I (also "the Blind"), who served as ispán of Borsod and Gömör Counties, and married a daughter of oligarch Stephen Ákos, establishing an alliance between the two powerful kindreds. <mask> had four sons from his unidentified wife.Through his eldest son, Desiderius II, he was the ancestor of the Jolsvai (previously Gedei) noble family, which became extinct in 1427. His two younger sons, Leustach IV and <mask> III held various ispánates in the 1330s. <mask>'s fourth son, Stephen III was mentioned only once in 1321. Career
<mask> first appeared in contemporary records in 1275. During the political crisis of 1280, King Ladislaus IV adopted new Cuman laws under the pressure of the Catholic Church. However, many Cumans decided to leave Hungary instead of obeying the papal legate Philip's demands. On their way to the frontier, they ravaged and looted many settlements and estates.<mask>, his brother Desiderius and two of his cousins, Rathold <mask> and Nicholas "Vecse" successfully defended the Cistercian monastery at Egres (present-day Igriș in Romania). Thereafter <mask> and several other members of the Rátót clan participated in the royal military campaigns against the Cumans. <mask> was present at the siege of Gede

masks:
Roland (
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland
II
Roland
Roland


title: Roland II Rátót

texts: Castle (present-day Hodejov, Slovakia), where the rebellious Finta Aba barricaded himself in mid-1281. Later <mask> himself owned the castle, but the date of acquisition is unknown. He also fought against the Cumans in the battle at Lake Hód (near present-day Hódmezővásárhely) in 1282. For his military service, <mask> was made Master of the horse by Ladislaus IV in 1283. It is possible he belonged to that baronial group, which was dominated by the gens Csák during that time.The alliance disintegrated by the following year with the deaths of brothers Matthew II and Peter I Csák. Thus <mask> also lost his office. He was replaced by James Borsa, who was first mentioned in that capacity in August 1284. Maintaining the short-lived dual system in the dignity in order to avoid power struggle, which characterized the late reign of Andrew III, <mask>t became Palatine of Hungary for the Transdanubian region () – simultaneously Apor Péc was responsible for Cisdanubia – in 1298 and held that office until the next year. In the contemporary context, this meant that <mask> had jurisdiction over Eastern Hungary in this capacity (as "Transdanubia" had a different meaning than present days), while Apor Péc supervised the counties in Western Hungary. In addition, <mask> also bore the title of Judge of the Cumans. <mask> held an assembly at Gáva (today part of Gávavencsellő) in October 1298 and in Borsod County in the following year.Following the death of <mask> and the extinction of the Árpád dynasty in 1301, <mask> presumably supported the claim of Wenceslaus of Bohemia to the Hungarian throne, similarly to his cousins (including <mask>, the actual head of the family) and brother Desiderius. He attended the

masks:
Roland
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland
Roland
Roland
Andrew III
Roland
Dominic II


title: Roland II Rátót

texts: wedding of Stephen Ákos the Younger with a foreign (Bavarian or Czech) princess in early 1303, but this fact does not confirm his affiliation, as pro-Charles oligarch Amadeus Aba was also present. He was first referred to as "baron" in 1303. He took an oath of allegiance to Charles I by the next year. Within a short time, he rose to prominence in the royal court of Charles, becoming one of the most illustrious domestic partisans of the Anjou prince, alongside Ugrin Csák and Amadeus Aba. <mask> was styled as Palatine of Hungary since February 1303, he attended the aforementioned wedding in this capacity. In the first decade of the 14th century, seven barons held the dignity simultaneously.Majority of the historians, including Gyula Kristó and Jenő Szűcs, considered, these barons, <mask> Csák, Amadeus Aba, Ivan Kőszegi, Stephen Ákos, James Borsa, Apor Péc and <mask>t himself were arbitrarily took and used the title, which marked its devaluation. However, historian Attila Zsoldos developed a special theory. When <mask> formed a league against his enemies, a group of powerful lords — including the Kőszegis, Matthew Csák and <mask> — urged <mask> of Naples to send his grandson, the 12-year-old Charles of Anjou, to Hungary in order to become king, according to the Illuminated Chronicle. The young prince disembarked in Split in August 1300, supported by most Croatian and Slavonian lords. However, the Kőszegis and Matthew Csák were shortly reconciled with Andrew, preventing Charles' success. Zsoldos argued <mask> entered into a new feudal contract with the barons in the summer of 1300: Matthew Csák and Ivan Kőszegi became "perpetual" Palatines and Andrew accepted their suzerainty over their provinces,

masks:
Roland
Matthew III
Roland Rátó
Andrew III
Roland Borsa
Charles II
Andrew III


title: Roland II Rátót

texts:
 while the king's two most powerful partisans, Amadeus Aba and Stephen Ákos were also granted this privilege. In addition to them, two co-palatines of the previous year, <mask> and Apor Péc also received the title as a counterweight, according to Zsoldos' theory.Therefore the historian considers <mask> already bore the dignity of Palatine since the last regnal year of Andrew. Accordingly, the claimants to the Hungarian throne inherited Andrew's last decision, and they were forced to accept the status quo. As Zsoldos emphasized the oligarchs recognized each other's titles, in addition to the monarchs, cathedral chapters and other institutions. One of the basis of Zsoldos' theory is the fact that <mask> and Apor Péc were considered as much less important persons than, for instance Matthew Csák or Amadeus Aba. Still, other moderately influential lords did not follow the example of Apor and <mask>, and nobody else were styled as palatine beyond two of them. In a royal document from 1307, Charles also referred to <mask> as palatine, acknowledging his title. <mask>t was present at the Diet of Rákos on 10 October 1307, which confirmed Charles' claim to the throne.He used the title of palatine there too. After Charles' third coronation, which was performed in full accordance with customary law, on 27 August 1310, the king recognized only James Borsa as Palatine, who was appointed to the position in 1306 by Charles. <mask>t was deceased by then, as he was never mentioned by contemporary documents after the diet in October 1307. References

Sources

1307 deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
14th-century Hungarian people
Roland 02
Palatines of the Kingdom of Hungary
Masters of the horse (Kingdom

masks:
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland Rátót
Roland
Roland
Roland Rátó
Roland Rátó