title: Hamdi Ulukaya

texts:
 his trip to pick up the separator, the name "Chobani"  – a variation on çoban, the Turkish word for shepherd – popped into his head. Ulukaya made Chobani yogurt without preservatives.Since he could not afford advertising, he invested time and money on the product's packaging, using a distinctive new bowl-style shape to differentiate the brand. Launch

In October 2007, he shipped his first order of Chobani, a few hundred cases, to a grocer on Long Island. The store repeated the order the following week. <mask>'s early business approach included strategies the larger companies did not use. Rather than pay stores a slotting fee, which his start-up company could not afford, he paid stores in yogurt rather than in cash to stock his wares. He also negotiated to pay off the slotting fees over time as the yogurt sold. He also implemented in-store samples so customers could taste the product and purchase it immediately.Lacking the budget for traditional marketing, after hearing customers phoning in to say that they loved Chobani, <mask> had his small team reach out to bloggers, Facebook, and Twitter to have constant and direct communication with consumers. In 2010 he also created a sampling truck, the  CHOmobile, which handed out free cups of Chobani yogurt at festivals, parades, and other family-friendly events all over the U.S. In its first year, the sample truck gave away 150,000 full-size containers of Chobani. In 2009, the chain stores Stop & Shop and ShopRite began carrying Chobani, and by the middle of 2009, Chobani was selling 200,000 cases a week. Later that same year, a major breakthrough came when the warehouse club stores BJ's Wholesale Club and Costco began carrying the brand. <mask> began adding new product lines to his brand in 2010. Expansion
After BJ's and Costco began carrying Chobani in 2009, the company doubled its sales every year through 2013.With an eye on Australian and Asian markets, in 2011 <mask> acquired Melbourne dairy producer Bead Foods, and began manufacturing and selling Chobani in Australia. In mid 2012, he initiated an $88.5 million

masks: Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya


title: Hamdi Ulukaya

type: original

texts:
 expansion for the company, acquiring 100 acres next to its upstate New York facility and building an 80,000-square-foot addition. The expansion was partially funded by $1.5 million in New York State grants for economic development. Since strained or Greek yogurt uses three times the amount of milk per cup that unstrained yogurt does, to keep up with Chobani's ever-increasing market, in December 2012 the company opened the world's largest yogurt factory in Twin Falls, Idaho, a $450 million investment. In 2012 Chobani had more than $1 billion in annual sales, and in 2012 it became the world's leading yogurt brand. Ulukaya joined the world's billionaires in the early 2010s. In March 2016, Chobani announced that it will be incrementally investing almost $100 million into the Greek yogurt plants it has in Twin Falls, Idaho.In 2015 the Twin Falls plant employed more than 1,000 people, almost 100 of whom were hired in the last half of 2015. Chobani planned to add a global research and development facility for the Twin Falls scientific team, plus office expansions and an employee cafeteria. In the summer of 2016, they planned to start production of a yogurt-based dip and drinkable yogurt in the Twin Falls factory. In November 2019, Chobani began offering new oat-based products and natural dairy creamers. La Colombe Coffee Roasters

In mid-2015 Ulukaya became the majority investor in La Colombe Coffee Roasters. Business philosophy

Ulukaya has stated that higher wages for employees leads to greater corporate success. In an interview with Ernst and Young Global chairman & CEO Mark A. Weinberger, Ulukaya said that businessmen should promote a sense of purpose in their corporate culture to create a climate of positive change in business and the world.He stated that companies should focus on humanity and not just on their bottom lines. When <mask> opened his second yogurt manufacturing plant in Twin Falls, Idaho, he created a job training program together with the College of Southern Idaho and the Chobani Foundation (formerly known as Shepherd's Gift Foundation.) He has also


title: Hamdi Ulukaya

texts:
 worked to improve the community in Twin Falls by supporting the Southern Idaho Children's Learning Center, Twin Falls Rapids Soccer Club, and other community programs. In March 2017 the New York Times reported <mask>'s efforts to work with Idaho colleges to offer technical training for workers to solve the area's labor shortage. The Chobani yogurt plant in Twin Falls is the largest in the world and pays its workers in the area on average twice minimum wage. Additionally, he raised the starting wage to $15 per hour as of spring 2021. In the fall of 2017, Chobani announced a brand evolution that featured new packaging and positioned the company as a “food-focused wellness company.”

In 2017, Chobani started offering six weeks of paid leave to new parents as a result of <mask>'s own experience when his son was born in 2015.The policy ensures that Chobani employees have the needed time to bond with their newborns, and it covers adoption, foster care and same-sex couples as well. In the spring of 2018, <mask> appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show and Good Morning America to announce that the company was celebrating its 10th anniversary as a national brand by giving a Chobani yogurt to every person in America. In March 2017, <mask> was featured on the cover of Fast Company magazine. The cover story was titled "How Chobani's <mask> Ulukaya Is Winning America's Culture War." Later that spring, <mask> was featured by CBSNews' 60 Minutes on 9 April 2017 in a segment called "Chief of Chobani" that focused on his approach to business and philanthropy. In April 2019, <mask> gave a TED Talk on the TED conference main stage in Vancouver, entitled "The anti-CEO playbook." In June 2019, <mask> launched Milk Matters, a program to support the future of dairy farming in America.Part of the program includes a new collaboration with Fair Trade USA to explore developing the first standard and certification program of the dairy industry. Philanthropy

In 2014 <mask> pledged to donate $2 million to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. He has also donated to many Muslim

masks: Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Hamdi Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya


title: Hamdi Ulukaya

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 charities associated with Iraq and Syria and has explored philanthropic avenues for helping refugees around the world. He signed up for The Giving Pledge, a philanthropic initiative by Warren Buffett and Bill Gates

<mask> visited the Greek island of Lesbos in September 2015 to see first-hand the situation of the mostly Syrian refugees there. In 2015 he launched the Tent Foundation to help refugees. At Chobani's plants in Upstate New York and Idaho, <mask> has long hired refugees from around the world from regions across Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In 2015, <mask> attended the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and launched several new initiatives to help refugees while also encouraging world and business leaders to do more.In 2016, <mask> was invited to join the Special Olympics International Board of Directors. He is part of the volunteer Board of Directors which determines international policy along with other business leaders, sport leaders, professional athletes, educators and others. In July 2017, <mask> launched the Hamdi Ulukaya Initiative (HUG) to train Turkish entrepreneurs who are running existing startups or planning on starting a new venture. HUG has a $5 million budget over five years. In May 2019, it was reported that the Warwick school district in Rhode Island would be instituting a policy whereby students who had outstanding school lunch debt would only be served sunflower seed butter and jelly sandwiches, causing an uproar that they were essentially "school lunch shaming" students who had delinquent accounts, aside from denying them nutritionally balanced lunches. Many of these families were struggling and this was harmful to the students on many levels. <mask> stepped in and paid the US$77,000 to cover all the students' outstanding school lunch debt.Influence and adviserships

<mask> has been noted both for his entrepreneurial skills and also his commitment to making affordable and nutritious foods using only natural ingredients. In addition to receiving awards for entrepreneurship, in April 2014 he was named by President Barack

masks: Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya


title: Hamdi Ulukaya

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 Obama as an inaugural member of the Presidential Ambassadors for Global Entrepreneurship (PAGE) initiative – 11 selected business leaders who will encourage entrepreneurship in the U.S. and abroad. <mask> was a member of the Upstate Regional Advisory Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and previously served as vice chair of the corporate fund board of the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. He is on the board of the Pathfinder Village (Community for Down Syndrome) Foundation in Edmeston, New York. From establishing Chobani, <mask> has given 10% of his company's net profits to charitable causes. In 2010 he established the company's charitable arm, the Chobani Shepherd's Gift Foundation, now called the Chobani Foundation, to manage this philanthropy. Donations have included major grants to support famine relief efforts in Somalia, and to underwrite the New York City Pianos project launched by Sing for Hope.<mask> <mask> pledged to donate most of his wealth, at the time of the pledge at least 700 million dollars, to help the Kurdish refugees, as well as refugees from all around the world. Honors
<mask>'s success and entrepreneurship has garnered him numerous awards, honors. These include:

Fulton County Economic Development Corp.'s Outstanding Business Award 2008
The Business Reviews 40 Under Forty Award of 2009
American Advertising Federation's Advertising Hall of Achievement (inducted 2011)
Small Business Administration's 2012 Entrepreneurial Success of the Year Award
Ernst & Young U.S. Entrepreneur of the Year 2012
Tribeca Disruptive Innovation Awards (2013)
Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur of the Year 2013
Brand Genius Award from Adweek in 2013, in the Consumer Packaged Goods category
Sing for Hope honoree at 2013 Art for All Gala
Honorary Ph.D. in Humane Letters from Colgate University (2013)
Honorary Ph.D. in Humane Letters from the Sage Colleges (2013)
Honorary Ph.D. in Humane Letters from the University at Albany (2014)
Culinary Institute of America Leadership Award for Health and Wellness (2014)
Presidential Ambassador for Global

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title: Hamdi Ulukaya

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 Entrepreneurship (2014)
 2015 UN Global Leadership Award
In November 2015, <mask> was honored by the Children's Aid Society with their Corporate Leadership Award. In October, 2015, <mask> was honored with a humanitarian award by the American Turkish Society (ATS) for his personal work in helping to relieve the suffering of Syrian refugees. 2016 Eminent Advocate honor from the UNHCR
 2016 Women's Refugee Committee Voices of Courage Corporate Leadership Award
2016, Disruptor Awards' Christensen Prize. He was a 2013 honoree for the same award.Personal life
<mask> lives in New Berlin, New York, near Chobani's South Edmeston factory and headquarters. He was briefly married in the late 1990s to New York City doctor Ayşe Giray. In 2012, <mask> <mask>'s Turkish ex-wife Dr. Ayse Giray sued him for a 53 percent stake in the company claiming her family lent him $500,000 for the business. The suit was settled for an undisclosed amount. Other claims that emerged from the divorce proceedings included her accusations that <mask> stole the recipe for his yogurts. These accusations were proven unfounded and dropped. In 2015, he had a son, Aga, with Alida Boer.In January 2018, Ulukaya married Louise Vongerichten, co-founder and president of Food Dreams Foundation, founder of sustainable's kids clothing line Mon Coeur and daughter of famous French-American chef Jean-Georges Vongerichten. The couple has two children, Miran and Leyla. Ulukaya has additional offices in Manhattan and Twin Falls, Idaho. References

External links
2014 Keynote speech (interview) at Ernst & Young World Entrepreneur of the Year ceremony (53 minutes)

1972 births
Living people
21st-century Turkish businesspeople
American drink industry businesspeople
American food company founders
American food industry business executives
American investors
American people of Kurdish descent
Ankara University alumni
Businesspeople from New York (state)
Giving Pledgers
People from İliç
Turkish billionaires
Turkish emigrants to the United States
Turkish Kurdish people
Turkish people of Kurdish descent
Turkish

masks: Ulukaya Ulukaya Ulukaya Hamdi Ulukaya Hamdi


title: Dennis Erickson

texts:
<mask> (born March 24, 1947) is an American football coach who most recently served as the head coach for the Salt Lake Stallions of the Alliance of American Football league. He was also the head coach at the University of Idaho (1982–1985, 2006), the University of Wyoming (1986), Washington State University (1987–1988), the University of Miami (1989–1994), Oregon State University (1999–2002), and Arizona State University (2007–2011). During his tenure at Miami, <mask>'s teams won two national championships, in 1989 and 1991. His record as a college football head coach is

Erickson was also the head coach of two teams in the NFL, the Seattle Seahawks  and the San Francisco 49ers  and tallied a mark of

Erickson retired on December 30, 2016, after 47 years in coaching. In 2018, the AAF named Erickson as the head coach of the Salt Lake Stallions, bringing him out of retirement. Early life
Erickson was raised in Ferndale, Washington,  north of Seattle, and in Everett,  north of Seattle. Robert "Pinky<mask>, was the head football coach at Ferndale High School and later at Cascade High School   Erickson played quarterback at the rival Everett High, coached by next-door neighbor, Bill Dunn.This "made for some quiet dinners on game day." As a junior, <mask> was the starting quarterback, beating out the former starter, senior Mike Price, another future college

Price, the son of the head coach of Everett Junior College, was moved to defense as a safety. When Erickson left Washington State for Miami in 1989, he recommended Mike Price (who got the job) as his replacement, and Price rented Erickson's Pullman home. Erickson had beaten out Price for the Washington State job in 1987. Six years earlier in 1981, Price had beaten Erickson out for the job at Weber State College  in Ogden, Utah. While at Idaho, Erickson  in conference play against Price's Weber teams, and at Oregon State, he  against Price's Washington State

masks:
Dennis Brian Erickson
Erickson
" Erickson
Dennis


title: Dennis Erickson

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 teams. Erickson graduated from EHS in 1965 and accepted a football scholarship to Montana State in Bozeman to play for head coach  and was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity.He was an effective undersized quarterback from 1966 to 1968, earning all-conference honors in the Big Sky. Immediately after his senior season, <mask> began his coaching career as a graduate assistant for the Bobcats in 1969. In 1970 at age 23, he was the head coach at Billings Central Catholic High School, staying for just a single season. Assistant coaching

From 1971 to 1981 Erickson was a college assistant coach, working with the offense. Beginning at his alma mater, Montana State University, in 1971 under Sonny Holland, he became an offensive coordinator in 1974 at the University of Idaho under newly promoted head coach, Ed Troxel, and stayed for two seasons. <mask>'s college coach, Jim Sweeney, resigned from neighboring Washington State after the 1975 season, soon moved to Fresno State, and Erickson joined him as offensive coordinator for 1976. After two years, Sweeney left to become an assistant with the NFL's Oakland Raiders under John Madden, and Erickson continued at Fresno in 1978 under new head coach Bob Padilla.When Jack Elway, a former Sweeney assistant at WSU, was hired at San Jose State in 1979, <mask> joined him for three seasons, again as the offensive coordinator. They instituted the spread offense, which Elway had picked up from his son John's high school head coach, Jack Neumeier. Erickson was a finalist for the Weber State job after the 1980 season, but lost out to high school teammate and friend Mike Price; he finally got his head coaching chance following the 1981 season. Head coaching

College

Idaho
<mask>'s head coaching career began at age 34 at the University of Idaho. He was hired on December 11, 1981, to succeed Jerry Davitch, who had been fired nine days prior to his final game (a one-point home

masks: Erickson Erickson Erickson Erickson


title: Dennis Erickson

texts: loss against rival Boise State). A pre-season playoff pick, Idaho finished the disappointing 1981 season with six consecutive losses, and were winless in seven games in the Big Sky. Erickson was hired by UI athletic director Bill Belknap and accepted a one-year contract at $38,001.Building on his reputation as an offensive innovator, <mask> became Idaho's all-time winningest head coach in just four seasons with the Vandals (1982–85), taking them to the I-AA playoffs in his first and fourth seasons. In his first season of 1982, Erickson took an underachieving (and injured) 3–8 team in 1981 and immediately turned it into an 8–3 playoff team, led by decathlete quarterback Ken Hobart. <mask>'s overall record with the Vandals was 32–15 (.680), 31–13 (.704) in the regular season and 1–2 in post season. He went 4–0 in the rivalry game with Boise State, a team which had dominated the series by winning the previous five games. (The winning streak against the Broncos reached 12 games; it was broken in 1994 when BSU advanced to the I-AA finals.) His most notable recruits at Idaho were his quarterbacks - future NFL head coach Scott Linehan, who had future Oakland Raiders head coach Tom Cable blocking for him, and future College Football Hall of Famer John Friesz, who had Mark Schlereth blocking for him. Erickson revived Vandal football and quickly turned it into a top I-AA program, whose success was continued for another decade by former assistants Keith Gilbertson (1986–88) and John L. Smith (1989–94).Before 1982, the Vandals had posted only four winning seasons in over four decades, and had not had consecutive winning seasons since 1938. Idaho had three consecutive winning seasons only once (1903–05), and never had four. With <mask>'s arrival as head coach, the program embarked on 15 consecutive winning seasons (1982–96), and 11 trips to the Division I-AA playoffs in 14 seasons. <mask>'s compensation for his fourth and


title: Dennis Erickson

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 final year at Idaho was $47,940. Wyoming
<mask> was introduced as the head coach of the Division I-A Wyoming Cowboys on December 2, 1985. His four-year contract included a base annual salary of $60,000 plus $20,000 from radio and television, and the rent-free use of a home in Laramie. The Cowboys had just concluded 3–8 season in 1985, tied for seventh in the nine-team WAC.He installed his "Air Express" form of the spread offense and led the Cowboys to 3–1 start in September, with road wins at Air Force and Wisconsin. Wyoming finished at 6–6 season in 1986, tied for fourth in the WAC with a 4–4 record. He left Wyoming without notice after accepting the head coaching job at Washington State in early January. Washington State
When <mask> was introduced as the head coach of the Washington State Cougars of the Pac-10 on January 7, 1987, he stated that it was his lifelong goal to be the head coach   at WSU in 1987 was a five-year deal at an annual base salary of $70,000, with up to $30,000 from radio, television, and speaking   to the Palouse after just 13 months in Wyoming, then led the Cougars to  in his first year, the same record the Cougars had the year before under Jim Walden. Erickson turned around the Washington State program quickly, going  in 1988 with a post-season victory in the Aloha Bowl, WSU's first bowl win since the 1916 Rose Bowl. Erickson's continued success led to his hiring by the University of Miami  although a week before he stated he was not leaving WSU. Miami
Expectations were very high at Miami, as Erickson replaced the successful Jimmy Johnson, who had led the Hurricanes to ten or more wins each the previous four seasons and a national championship in 1987 before departing for the NFL's Dallas Cowboys.<mask> led Miami for six seasons (1989–1994), winning national championships in 1989 and 1991. That gave <mask> more national championships than any other Miami coach. <mask>'s 0.875 winning

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 percentage (63–9) at Miami remains the highest in the history of the program. However, his 1993 team went 9–3, the first season with fewer than ten wins for Miami since 1985. That team was drubbed 29–0 by Arizona in the 1994 Fiesta Bowl, still Miami's worst bowl loss ever. In September 1994, the Hurricanes lost, 38–20, to Washington at the Orange Bowl, snapping the Canes' NCAA record 58-game home win streak. Moreover, in 1991 Miami self-reported rampant violations of NCAA rules dating back to 1985, Johnson's second year.However, when it emerged that an academic adviser had helped players fraudulently obtain Pell Grants, the federal government asked Miami to stop its probe so the Department of Education could conduct an investigation of its own. Ultimately, Miami was placed on three years' probation not long after Erickson left the school, banned from postseason play in 1995 and docked 31 scholarships over three years. Erickson himself was not implicated in wrongdoing. Erickson was interviewed about his time at the University of Miami for the documentary The U, which premiered December 12, 2009, on ESPN. NFL

Seattle
After turning down offers from both the Denver Broncos and Philadelphia Eagles, Erickson accepted an offer to coach the Seattle Seahawks in January 1995 for about $1 million per year, compared to the estimated $700,000 in his final year at Miami. In his first season, he switched starting quarterbacks from the #2 overall pick in the 1993 NFL Draft, Rick Mirer, and went to John Friesz, whom he recruited to Idaho in 1985. Friesz guided the Seahawks to their second  biggest comeback win ever in a game, rallying from 20–0 down at the half after Mirer had started, and took the Seahawks to the final week of the season with an 8–7 record after starting 2–6 and a playoff berth on the line only to lose to Kansas City and finish 8–8.In 1996, the Seahawks finished 7–9, <mask>'s worst record with the team. 1997


title: Dennis Erickson

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 saw an ownership change in Seattle, in which Microsoft co-founder Paul G. Allen purchased the team from then owner Ken Behring and helped pass a referendum for a new stadium to be built; that season, the Seahawks had one of the best passing offenses in the league, only to finish 8–8 after an 0–2 start in which they were outscored 76–17 in two home losses. After the season, <mask>, who had been told by new owner Paul Allen that he would return in 1998, had to fire longtime friend and assistant the special teams coach Dave Arnold and replace him with Pete Rodriguez. With a revamped lineup led by 1997 passing leader Warren Moon, the Hawks flew out of the gate in 1998 with a three-game winning streak (including a Kickoff Weekend shutout of the Eagles at Veterans Stadium), but stumbled and lost their next three games. Later in the year, with the team playing at .500, he turned to Jon Kitna to lead the offense, and they responded with a close win at home against the Tennessee Oilers before going on the road to New York to play the Jets. In a hotly contested game that many viewed as the best combined offensive performances of 1998, the game came down to a blown call on a short touchdown run by Jets quarterback Vinny Testaverde (where he was ruled to have scored despite replay evidence clearly showing his forward progress had been stopped short of the goal line), which cost Seattle the game and Erickson his job. This game would be cited as one of the main reasons the NFL restored its instant replay review system following the season.The final year of <mask>'s NFL contract for 1999 was valued at $1.3 million. Return to the college ranks

Oregon State
In January 1999, <mask> returned to the college ranks when he was hired at Oregon State University in Corvallis, with a five-year contract at $300,000 per year. The OSU Beavers had become one of three perennial "cellar dwellers" in the Pacific-10 Conference; expectations

masks: Erickson Erickson Erickson


title: Dennis Erickson

texts: were so low that <mask>'s predecessor, Mike Riley, was promoted to an NFL head coaching position with the San Diego Chargers after leading the Beavers to a 5–6 record in 1998. In his first season, Erickson directed the Beavers to a 7–5 record, the program's first winning season in 29 years. They secured an invitation to the Oahu Bowl—their first bowl appearance in 35 years, and Erickson received an improved contract. The following year, Oregon State went 11–1, snapped a 33-year losing streak to the USC Trojans, and earned a share of the Pac-10 conference championship for the first time since the conference expanded to ten teams in 1978. It was the first time the Beavers won at least a share of a conference championship since 1964.Oregon State began to develop a national reputation for its high-powered offense and a swarming defense. In fact, the team barely missed an invitation to play in the national BCS title game due to a late-in-the-game missed field goal against Washington. The win over USC did, however, help <mask>'s crew clinch a spot in the Fiesta Bowl against the Notre Dame Fighting Irish—the Beavers' first major-bowl appearance since the 1965 Rose Bowl. Oregon State won 41–9, in what is generally considered to be one of <mask>'s crowning career achievements. At the close of the 2000 season's bowl games, the Beavers were ranked fourth nationally in the AP Poll, their highest final ranking ever. Some media outlets suggested Oregon State would have been a favorite to win the BCS Championship at the Orange Bowl had they been selected. Before the 2001 season, Sports Illustrated ranked Oregon State as the number one team in the nation.However, a lack of returning talent from the 2000 team took its toll, and the Beavers went 5–6. Among the players who hail from Erickson's high-octane 2000 team are NFL stars Chad Johnson and T. J. Houshmandzadeh; both were selected in the 2001 NFL Draft by the Cincinnati


title: Dennis Erickson

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 Bengals. Erickson was named Sporting News National Coach of the Year in 2000, and his name came up for several high-profile college football positions. In late 2000, <mask> was a primary choice to fill the vacant position at USC, however he spurned a $7.2 million, five-year contract to remain with the Beavers, and the position eventually went to Pete Carroll. Erickson remained coach at Oregon State for four seasons (1999–2002) before accepting another coaching position in the NFL. His early departure left some OSU fans angry with him for not finishing-out his contract, but he is still credited with playing a leading role in reviving the Beavers football program. Mike Riley returned to Corvallis to succeed Erickson as head coach in 2003.Return to the NFL

San Francisco
Erickson returned to the NFL in February 2003 with the San Francisco 49ers, and received a five-year contract at $2.5 million per year. The 49ers had serious salary cap problems, and Erickson lasted just two seasons before being fired, along with general manager Terry Donahue, after a 2–14 season in 2004. The hiring of Erickson was very surprising and highly criticized by the fans and the media after a longer-than-usual coaching search to replace the fired coach Steve Mariucci. This move was the first strong indicator that the fans believed that John York was not cut out to be the owner of the team after taking over the franchise from his brother-in-law Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr. in 2000. The search began without much direction and several candidates in the coaching search withdrew from consideration. When the 49ers had reportedly named their finalists, three defensive coordinators were named. But the offensive-minded Erickson ended up being hired and due to the timing of the hiring, Erickson did not have the time to properly assemble his coaching staff.The 49ers' offense had mostly players who specialized in the West Coast Offense that Mariucci


title: Dennis Erickson

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 ran. But the aggressive style of offense that <mask> is known for deviated greatly from that scheme and the hybrid scheme that Erickson tried to employ in order to maintain parts of the West Coast Offense and ease the transition to his offense never worked out. After two seasons, Erickson was fired with three years remaining on his contract; he did not coach during the 2005 season. Second return to college ranks

Return to Idaho
On February 8, 2006, the University of Idaho announced the re-hiring of <mask> as its head football coach. <mask> had won 32 games in his first four seasons as a head coach (1982–85) to establish Idaho as a top I-AA program in the Big Sky Conference. The Vandals moved up to Division I-A in 1996 but had not had a winning season since 1999. Idaho had just completed its first season in the WAC in 2005 when previous head coach Nick Holt resigned in early February, after just two seasons.He left to take a higher paying assistant's job in the NFL, as the defensive line coach for the St. Louis Rams under new head coach Scott Linehan, a former Vandal quarterback and offensive coordinator. After a few days, Holt reconsidered and accepted another job back at USC, as defensive coordinator under Pete Carroll for even more money, more than double his salary at Idaho. When asked at his introductory press conference if Idaho was indeed a long-term arrangement, Erickson responded, "You want to look at the age on my driver's license?...This, hopefully, is going to be my last job." <mask>'s rejuvenated 2006 Vandals broke to a 4–3 record and were and 3–0 in the WAC, then lost the final five conference games to finish at 4–8 overall and sixth in the WAC. Erickson was paid $215,000 by Idaho and nearly $2.3 million by the 49ers for the fourth year of his NFL contract. Arizona State
After just ten months back at Idaho, Erickson left again for the opportunity to lead his fourth BCS program. Arizona State


title: Dennis Erickson

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 athletic director Lisa Love hired him on December 9 to replace recently fired Dirk Koetter, who had finished the 2006 regular season at 7–5.Arizona State was <mask>'s third head coaching stint in the Pac-10, after Washington State and Oregon State. Arizona State paid $2.8 million to Koetter and a $150,000 buyout to Idaho to complete the hiring of <mask> to a five-year contract. He immediately paid dividends at ASU, leading the Sun Devils to a 10–2 regular season record in 2007, a share of the Pac-10 title,  and a berth in the Holiday Bowl. <mask> was named the Pac-10 Coach of the Year; the first to ever win the award at three different Pac-10 schools. He also coached another major award winner; placekicker Thomas Weber was named the Lou Groza Award winner. Erickson worked for the relatively low salary of $500,000 from ASU in his first season, with another $2 million paid by the 49ers for the last year of his NFL contract. The remaining four years of the original ASU contract paid $1.275 million per year.In 2008 the Arizona Board of Regents had approved a contract extension to keep Erickson at Arizona State through June 2012. <mask>'s early success at ASU was not sustained, as the Sun Devils failed to have another winning season and lost three of four Territorial Cup rivalry games against Arizona. In his final four seasons, Erickson was 21–28 overall and 14–22 in conference. After opening the 2011 season with a promising 6–2 record, Arizona State suffered four straight Pac-12 defeats in November to end the regular season, and Erickson was fired on November 28. He was allowed to coach in their bowl game on December 22, but ASU was soundly beaten 56–24 by Boise State in the Maaco Bowl in Las Vegas for their fifth consecutive loss. Third return to college ranks
In February 2013, Erickson came out of retirement to join the staff at the University of Utah as the co-offensive coordinator with Brian Johnson under head


title: Dennis Erickson

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 coach Kyle Whittingham. In announcing the hire, Erickson is quoted "Being around football players and coaches has been my life and that's why I am coming out of retirement, I will do whatever I can to help the players and coaches at Utah be successful and I am excited to get back out on the football field."<mask> retired on December 30, 2016 after 47 years of coaching. Alliance of American Football
In 2018, <mask> was named the head coach of the Salt Lake Stallions, a team part of the Alliance of American Football, set to play in 2019. On April 2, 2019 the AAF suspended operations, and went bankrupt on April 17. <mask> and his wife, Marilyn, have two sons: Bryce and Ryan. Erickson hired Bryce to the Arizona State staff, as a graduate assistant for his first two seasons. In 2012, Bryce became the head coach at South Albany High School in Albany, Oregon. Later that year, he was hired as an assistant coach for Idaho.Head coaching record

College

NFL

AAF

See also
 List of college football head coaches with non-consecutive tenure

References

Further reading
"Out of Everett," The Seattle Times' Pacific Magazine, Sunday, August 13, 1995, p. 12-17. External links
 Utah profile

1947 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Arizona State Sun Devils football coaches
Fresno State Bulldogs football coaches
Idaho Vandals football coaches
Miami Hurricanes football coaches
Montana State Bobcats football coaches
Montana State Bobcats football players
Oregon State Beavers football coaches
Salt Lake Stallions coaches
San Francisco 49ers head coaches
San Jose State Spartans football coaches
Seattle Seahawks head coaches
Utah Utes football coaches
Washington State Cougars football coaches
Wyoming Cowboys football coaches
High school football coaches in Montana
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Everett, Washington
People from Ferndale, Washington
Players of American football from

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Erickson
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title: Mimi Smith (artist)

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<mask> (born May 13, 1942) is an American visual artist. She is a pioneer in early feminist and conceptual art focusing on clothing sculpture and drawing installation. She lives and works in New York City. Early life and education
Born in Brookline Massachusetts, <mask> spent her early years in Boston. In 1949, her family moved to Milton, Massachusetts where she grew up. She attended the Massachusetts College of Art and graduated with a BFA degree in 1963. In May of the same year, she moved to New York City.<mask> enrolled in Rutgers University and received a MFA degree in 1966. Artwork

Clothes sculptures
During her graduate studies at Rutgers, <mask> began making sculpture that utilized clothing as both content and form. <mask>’s early works were prescient of feminist and clothing art and predicted the feminist artists fascination with clothing as an extension of the body. Using the autobiographical as a point of departure, her work often parallels everyday moments. In 1965, she produced Recycle Coat, Model Dress and Bikini. These works were made of plastic, an important material for <mask>. In 1966, she produced a room-size installation called The Wedding for her thesis show at Rutgers University.Designed as a plastic box that viewers were not permitted to enter, it contained a plastic wedding gown with a thirty-foot train. Within the next year she was to create her signature piece Steel Wool Peignoir. About the piece <mask> said, “Growing up in the 1950s, I associated peignoirs [with] storybook romance… steel wool, however, was the stuff of everyday life… I felt that [the materials] combined the reality of my life with the

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title: Mimi Smith (artist)

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 romance of what I thought it would be”. That same year she made Maternity Dress and Girdle. These pieces were also prescient in their acknowledgment that fashion is part of what helps to construct women’s individual and social identities. In 1968 <mask> made a conceptual piece about her own pregnancy that played on the idea of knitting baby clothes. Knit Baby was conceived as a knit-your-own-baby kit, with instructions to enable any woman, or man, to knit themselves a baby.Knotted thread and tapemeasure drawings

<mask> moved with her husband and two children from New York City to Cleveland, Ohio in the early 1970s. During this time, <mask> created a series of wall drawings that replicated furniture, architectural features, and rooms in her home using knotted thread and tape measures to mark their precise dimensions. With this series, <mask> used the fundamental parameters of conceptual art to tell her own story. When exhibited, the individual works are arranged on gallery walls in a ghostly reproduction of the domestic sphere. In a review of <mask>’s solo show at Kustera Tilton Gallery in 1999, art critic <mask> wrote “These wall drawings combine elements of high conceptualism with instant accessibility and a feminist viewpoint”. Installation art and artist books

<mask> and her family moved back to New York City in the mid 1970s. At this time, <mask>’s work began to focus on installations and drawings about television news, the environment and nuclear threat.Installations ranged in size and included individual drawings hung directly on the wall to ten-foot tall paper houses suspended from the ceiling. These works often included

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title: Mimi Smith (artist)

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 audio of the artist reciting the daily news accompanied by her own phrases. Simultaneously, she began making artists books and in 1983 she published This is a Test with Visual Studies Workshop. This is a Test was produced in an edition of 700 and deals with nuclear disaster told through television news. Recent clothes and drawings

From the 1990s to the present, <mask> has returned to clothing sculpture producing pieces that comment on the lives of women in the workplace and the military (Slave Ready Corporate, 1993, To Die For, 1991, and Camouflage Maternity Dress, 2004) as well as illness, the environment and aging (Protectors Against Illness, and Coverings for an Environmental Catastrophe). Continuing with her drawing practice, <mask>’s ongoing series, Timelines tracks the aging process of a woman through her clothes. Consisting of individual drawings displayed in a line, each Timeline depicts a specific article of clothing viewed from birth to seventy-nine, the average life expectancy of a woman.Exhibitions, grants, writings

<mask> has exhibited extensively throughout the United States and internationally. Her many exhibits include a retrospective ‘Steel Wool Politics’ at the ICA Philadelphia, a survey show at Ramapo College, NJ, and solo shows at Anna Kustera Gallery, NYC; Group shows ‘WACK! Art and the Feminist Revolution’ at LA MOCA, ‘Building Blocks’ at RISD Museum, ‘Artwear’ at Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco,  ‘Addressing the Century, 100 Years of Art and Fashion’ at the Haywood Gallery, London, Committed to Print at MoMA, NYC, and at many other museums. She has been the recipient of grants from the National Endowment

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title: Mimi Smith (artist)

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 of the Arts, the New York Foundation on the Arts and the Joan Mitchell Foundation. Among the many publications that have written about her work are Artforum, Art in America, Art News, Frieze, and Time Out magazines, as well as The New York Times, Dallas Morning News, and several books. 159–179 photos
Art Journal, Spring 1995, Women’s Work: A lineage 1966-94, Nina Felshin, <mask>, p.72
Art in America, Nancy Princenthal, Reviews, Philadelphia, “<mask> at the Institute for Contemporary Art”, November, 1994, p. 135-6 photo
The New Art Examiner, Jude Schwendenwein, Reviews, Pennsylvania, “<mask>, Institute of Contemporary Art”, October, 1994, p. 38
Woman’s Art Journal, Robin Rice, Review, “<mask>: Steel Wool Politics,” Spring/Summer 1996, pp. 58–59
Bound and Unbound, “<mask>, Books and Small Objects”, catalogue essay “A Sense of Time” by Barbara Moore, 1990
The Dallas Morning News, Janet Kutner, “Art Alert-This is TV-Tune Out-Your Minds”, Nov.28, 1980, p. 1C,
Catalogue: “<mask> Smith: Television Drawings”, 1980, essay by Paul Rogers Harris, Director, The Art Center, Waco, TX
"This is A Test", Mimi Smith, 1983, published by Visual Studies Workshop, Rochester, NY, offset book, 42p, edition of 700,
Mimi Smith, Brooklyn Museum Feminist Art Base, Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art
Ana Kustera Gallery "Mimi Smith"\
National Museum of Women in the Arts "Mimi Smith"

Living people
1942 births
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
Sculptors from Massachusetts
People from Milton, Massachusetts
Massachusetts College of Art and Design alumni
Rutgers University alumni
American women sculptors
21st-century American women artists
Recycled

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title: Tim Keller (pastor)

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<mask><mask> (born September 23, 1950) is an American pastor, theologian, and Christian apologist. He is the Chairman and co-Founder of Redeemer City to City, which trains pastors for service around the world. He is also the founding pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church in New York City, New York, and the author of The New York Times bestselling books The Prodigal God: Recovering the Heart of the Christian Faith (2008), Prayer: Experiencing Awe and Intimacy with God (2014), and The Reason for God: Belief in an Age of Skepticism (2008). The prequel for the latter is Making Sense of GOD: An Invitation to the Skeptical (2016). Biography
<mask> was born in Allentown, Pennsylvania, to Louise A<mask> (Clemente) and William B<mask>, a television advertising manager. <mask> is a graduate of Bucknell University (BA, 1972), Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary (M.Div., 1975) and Westminster Theological Seminary, where he received his D.Min. in 1981, under the supervision of Harvie M. Conn.He became a Christian while at Bucknell University, due to the ministry of InterVarsity Christian Fellowship, with which he later served as a staff member. He was ordained by the Presbyterian Church in America (PCA) and served as a pastor at West Hopewell Presbyterian Church in Hopewell, Virginia for nine years, while serving as director of church planting for the PCA. He also served on the faculty of Westminster Theological Seminary, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he and his wife <mask> were involved in urban ministry. <mask> was recruited by his denomination to

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title: Tim Keller (pastor)

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 start Redeemer Presbyterian Church in Manhattan in 1989 despite his relative lack of experience after two others had turned down the position. Today the church's attendance is over 2,000 each week. In 2008, <mask> published his first book in 20 years (since his report to his denomination on diaconal ministries titled "Ministries of Mercy" in 1989). The book, entitled The Reason for God, was based on common objections to the Christian faith heard during his ministry in New York City.The book reached No. 7 on the New York Times Nonfiction bestseller list. Personal life
<mask> currently resides in a high rise apartment on Roosevelt Island in New York City with his wife, Kathy. The <mask>s have three sons, David, Michael and Jonathan. In June 2020, <mask> revealed that he was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. According a tweet on December 3, 2021, the pancreatic cancer is under control. Ministry

Redeemer Presbyterian Church
Redeemer Presbyterian Church grew from 50 people to a total attendance of over 5,000 people each Sunday as of 2008, leading some to call him "the most successful Christian evangelist in the city".In 2004, Christianity Today praised Redeemer as "one of Manhattan's most vital congregations". The church's emphasis on young urban professionals, whom <mask> believes exhibit disproportionate influence over the culture and its ideas, has given the church an unusual makeup for a US megachurch. The majority of the congregation is made up of single adults; it is also over forty percent Asian-American, and has many congregants working in

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title: Tim Keller (pastor)

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 the arts and financial services. In his preaching, "he hardly shrinks from difficult Christian truths, [but] he sounds different from many of the shrill evangelical voices in the public sphere." <mask> often critiques both political parties and avoids taking public stances on political issues, resulting in a politically centrist church. Redeemer Presbyterian Church has also founded Hope for New York, a non-profit organization that sends volunteers and grants to over 40 faith-based ministries serving social needs in New York City, the Center for Faith and Work to train professionals in Christian theology, and Redeemer City to City to train and fund pastors in New York and other cities. <mask> is a co-founder of The Gospel Coalition, a group of Reformed leaders from around the United States.His mentoring of younger church leaders, such as Scott Sauls in Nashville and Steve Chong in Sydney, has increased his influence globally. On July 1, 2017, <mask> stepped down from his role as senior pastor of Redeemer Presbyterian Church. The move was part of a larger vision to shift his efforts from preaching to training the next generation of church leaders and starting new churches in global cities through Redeemer City to City. Theology
<mask> shuns the label "evangelical" because of its political and fundamentalist connotation, preferring to call himself orthodox because "he believes in the importance of personal conversion or being 'born again,' and the full authority of the Bible." He identifies with Calvinist theology, although he has been critiqued by

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 some in that tradition for his modern interpretation of its doctrines. He has been described as a "doctrine-friendly emerging pastor" and a "neo-Calvinist." Gospel versus religion
The centerpiece and underpinning of <mask>'s ministry has been his teaching of the doctrine of the gospel, emphasizing the doctrines of total depravity, unmerited grace and substitutionary atonement.This teaching is summarized in his oft-used explanation, "The gospel is this: We are more sinful and flawed in ourselves than we ever dared believe, yet at the very same time we are more loved and accepted in Jesus Christ than we ever dared hope.” This understanding of the gospel is contrasted to what <mask> calls “traditional religion” (which he defines as a set of rules, rituals or actions that enable an individual to earn salvation or favor with God) as well as “irreligion” (which he defines as the belief that there is no God or no need for his favor). This has been referred to as a “gospel third way,” or “gospel-centered” approach. Typical of this teaching is his interpretation of the Parable of the Prodigal Son (see The Prodigal God), based on a teaching of one of <mask>'s mentors, Edmund Clowney. Apologetics
<mask>'s preaching and writing in his apologetics is characterized by a respectful orientation towards an educated and skeptical audience outside the faith. His most explicit work on the subject is The Reason for God which he attributes to thousands of conversations with skeptical New Yorkers over the course of his ministry (Reason, xix). Elsewhere he has written


title: Tim Keller (pastor)

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 about the loss of a Christian culture in the West, including in the academic and cultural establishments, and the need for Christians to contextualize to the current secular and anti-religious cultural climate. On creationism, <mask> states that his view is not strictly literal and that evolution is "neither ruled in nor ruled out" in his church.<mask> has written on the topic for the Biologos Foundation. <mask>'s major influences in apologetics include C.S. Lewis, Cornelius Van Til, John Stott, Alvin Plantinga and Miroslav Volf. Idolatry
Another central theme in <mask>'s teaching is idolatry, as based on teachings of Martin Luther and John Calvin, and on the Ten Commandments and other parts of the Bible. <mask> states that contemporary idol worship continues today in the form of an addiction or devotion to money, career, sex, power and anything people seek to give significance and satisfaction in life other than God (detailed in his book Counterfeit Gods). Social justice and politics
<mask> disavows the "Social Gospel" that has characterized Mainline Protestant churches, which advocates liberal political causes and de-emphasizes the doctrines of sin and substitutionary sacrifice. However he has also criticized the evangelical alliance with Republicans and argued that Christianity is a much broader global movement that agrees with some liberal and some conservative issues (and critiques them both).He has argued for giving to charitable causes and caring for the needs of the poor based on biblical texts such as the Torah and the Parable of the

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title: Tim Keller (pastor)

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 Good Samaritan. Cultural engagement
Attributed partly to his congregation of upwardly mobile Manhattanites, <mask> has been a leader in applying Christian theology to secular vocations such as business, art and entrepreneurship. The Center for Faith and Work at Redeemer has sponsored business competitions and theological education for working professionals. His views on Christianity and culture are outlined in his books Every Good Endeavor and Center Church. <mask> is an avid fan of the work of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien, both well-known Christian authors, and also supports the Harry Potter novels which have been considered pagan by certain conservative Christians.Sex and gender
<mask> has a complementarian view of gender that believes that the Bible teaches defined roles for both genders, but the specific duties accompanying each gender's role is undefined. He believes that "Marriage provides the personal growth that comes through cross-gender relationships." He elaborates on the biblical view of sex and marriage in his book The Meaning of Marriage and believes homosexuality is inconsistent with scripture. <mask> is a signatory of the Manhattan Declaration and is opposed to abortion, but is not opposed to contraception. Cities and urban church planting
While at Westminster Theological Seminary, <mask> was mentored by Harvie Conn, an early advocate of ministry in urban centers, and was recruited to start Redeemer Presbyterian Church due to a shortage of biblically orthodox churches in center-city Manhattan. He has since become a worldwide


title: Tim Keller (pastor)

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 spokesman for the need to create new kinds of churches in urban centers to address rapid urbanization. He delivered a plenary address on the subject at the Lausanne Conference of 2010.Through Redeemer City to City, <mask> mentors and chairs a network of center-city churches that represents similar ministry values worldwide. He writes extensively on the importance of cities and gives a biblical theological framework for ministry in cities in his book on ministry, Center Church. Romans 8-16 For You (The Good Book Company, February 2015)
Preaching: Communicating Faith in an Age of Skepticism (Viking, June 2015)
The Songs of Jesus: A Year of Daily Devotionals in the Psalms (Viking, November 2015)
Making Sense of GOD: An Invitation to the Skeptical Viking  ebk. Hidden Christmas: The Surprising Truth Behind the Birth of Christ (Viking, Nov 2016)
God's Wisdom for Navigating Life: A Year of Daily Devotions in the Book of Proverbs (Viking, Nov 2017)
The Prodigal Prophet: Jonah and the Mystery of God's Mercy (Viking, Oct 2018)
The Meaning of Marriage: A Couple's Devotional: A Year of Daily Devotions (Viking, Nov 2019)
How to Reach the West Again (Redeemer City to City, 2020)
On Birth (Penguin Books, 2020)
On Marriage (Penguin Books, 2020)
On Death (Penguin Books, 2020)
Hope in Times of Fear: The Resurrection and the Meaning of Easter (Viking, March 9, 2021)

Contributions in edited volumes
 . .
 .
 .

 . Interviews
 Amanpour, Christiane (2011). Interview with Pastor <mask>, ABC News This Week, April 24.Barkhorn, Eleanor (2011), "How <mask>

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title: Gérard Étienne

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<mask> (born 28 May 1936 in Cap Haïtien, Haiti; died 14 December 2008 in Montreal, Quebec) was a linguist, journalist and writer of poems, novels and essays. Biography

Haiti
<mask> wrote his first poems when only 13 and performed them on radio, but he left his paternal home at 15. Declaring that his father had been violent towards his mother because she did not share his Vodun religion, <mask> said that he had been terribly affected by his childhood. In Port-au-Prince he took part in an uprising against the despotic regime of the U.S.-backed Paul Magloire. Arrested with Luc B. Innocent and Windsor Kléber Laferrière, he was imprisoned and tortured. Prison and torture had marked him deeply, but after Magloire was deposed in 1956, <mask> found the strength to pursue classical studies.As he was later to comment in an interview with Ghila Sroka, "The more we deny the people the right to exist, the more they express their disappointment in the arts, literature, music." In 1958 he began a career as a journalist, teacher and writer. A follower of Haitian Marxist novelist and physician Jacques Stephen Alexis (himself murdered by the Tonton Macoute in 1961), he took part in a 1959 plot against the army-supported regime of François ("Papa Doc") Duvalier, for which he was arrested and tortured a second time. Upon his release, <mask> published in rapid succession four books of poetry and two literary essays. He founded the "Samba" cultural group (later

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 to become Haïti-littéraire). While teaching at colleges and a high school, he was simultaneously literary critic and reporter with the daily Le Nouvelliste (1961-1962) and Panorama (1962-1964). <mask> has followed parallel military and artistic trajectories, especially at Syto Cavé's Société des Messagers de l'art (1963) and the Haitian Air Corps, where as an air cadet he was assigned to the meteorology department (1955–1957).With the publication of his first book of poetry Au milieu des larmes ("Amidst the tears") in 1960, he found himself a cultural and literary leader within his country. Following a long detention in Duvalier's prisons, he fled to Quebec as a refugee in August 1964. Quebec and New Brunswick
On his arrival in Montreal, he taught at the Lycée Da Silva (1964-1965) and worked as a reporter for the Métro Express and Quartier Latin newspapers. While studying literature at the Université de Montréal (1964–1970), he worked first in a factory and then as a hospital orderly at the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal. He taught at the Cégep de Matane (1968-1970) and wrote for the newspaper La Voix Gaspe — a newspaper that ceased publication in 2012. In 1965 he published "Letters to Montreal," his first Canadian book. Since then, he continued to publish poems and stories; his work is in several French and Haitian anthologies and has been translated into English, Portuguese and German.In his early years in Canada he had converted to Orthodox


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 Judaism. In 1967 he married Natania Feuerwerker, whom he had met at the Université de Montréal. She was a daughter of the French jurist and Haganah fighter Antoinette Gluck (1912-2003) and the rabbi and historian David Feuerwerker (1912–1980). <mask> and his wife had two children, Joël and Michaëlla. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the Université de Montréal (1968) and a PhD in linguistics from the University of Strasbourg (1974). In 1967-68 he was editor of Lettres et Écritures, a journal published by the Université de Montréal's arts faculty in 1967-68; later in 1968 he founded the Théâtre de Matane. From 1971 till his retirement in 2001 he was a journalism professor at the Université de Moncton.From 1972 to 1987 he wrote a column for the Montreal newspaper "Le Devoir". From 1974 to 1980 he also edited a review published by the Université de Moncton. Later he wrote for the now defunct daily Le Matin and the weeklies Le Voilier and Le Moniteur acadien in Shediac, New Brunswick (1986-1987). Confrontation
Despite having suffered two comas and having undergone brain surgery, he continued to write to the weekly Le Voilier (1987–1989). In 1993, just before he was to appear for a Radio-Canada interview on Denise Bombardier's Raison Passion television show, <mask> <mask> was the victim of a bloody gang assault, a politically motivated attack that increased his determination to resist what he characterized as Haitian feudalism. He later

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 wrote of the event in his 1998 book L'Injustice, la désinformation, le mépris de la loi ("Injustice, misinformation, disregard of the law"). Subsequently, to that assault, <mask>, through his columns in the Haïti-Observateur newspaper, continued his struggle for sustainable democratic change in his Haitian homeland.In this capacity, he published in 2008, through Éditions du Marais, an uncompromising play, Monsieur Le Président. The Racine actors group staged five performances of the play at the Théâtre Stanislas d'Outremont in April 2008. Aside from his poetry and journalism, <mask> has also followed an academic career in the field of linguistics. He founded a new discipline in the humanities known as anthroposemiotics. His two essays on this subject, La Question raciale et raciste dans le roman québécois (1995) and La Femme noire dans le discours littéraire haïtien (1998), received critical acclaim in both Quebec and the broader francophone world. Awards and honours
<mask> <mask> in 1991 received the Medal of the Guadeloupe writers union, Association des écrivains de la Guadeloupe. In 1996, the International Council for Francophone Studies (Conseil international d'études francophones) conferred upon him the prestigious Maurice-Cagnon Certificate of Honour, for his exceptional contribution to world French-language studies.In 1997 he received the Gold Medal of the La Renaissance Française organization. He was also awarded the Cator trophy for

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 his lifetime of work. As a member of the Quebec writers union, Union des écrivaines et des écrivains québécois (UNEQ), he notably worked during 2005–2006 on their language and sovereignty committee. Death
As reported by Bryan Miles in Le Devoir, Natania, the writer's widow, said: "He died in my arms" at their home in Côte Saint-Luc, "asking me to help him get dressed for writing." She added that he died "standing up totally straight, really." Selected works

Novels
 1974: Le Nègre crucifié ("The Negro crucified "). Montreal: Éditions Francophone et Nouvelle Optique; Geneva: Éditions Métropolis (1990), ; Montreal/Paris: Balzac, 1994. .
 1979: Un Ambassadeur macoute à Montréal ("A Macoute ambassador in Montreal").Montreal: Nouvelle Optique. Montreal: Éditions du Marais, 2011. .
 1983: Une Femme muette ("A mute woman"). Montreal/Paris: Éditions Nouvelle Optique/Silex. .
 1987: La Reine Soleil Levée. Montreal: Éditions Guérin-Littérature; Geneva: Metropolis, 1989. . An extract of this work was translated by Carrol F. Coates into English as "From The Queen Sun Rises" in Callaloo 15.2 (spring 1992): pp. 498–505; preceded by an interview with <mask> <mask>, trans. B. McRae Amos, Jr.
 1991: La Pacotille. Montréal: l'Hexagone.Portions of this work were translated by Keith L. Walker into English. Chapter 9 appeared in La Revue Noire (summer 1998). Chapter 11, part 1 appeared in Fiery Spirits: Canadian writers of African descent (Ed. Ayanna Black).

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 Toronto: Harper Collins, 1994: pp. 100-124 and 360-361. Chapter 11, part 2 appeared in Eyeing to the North Star (Ed.George Eliott Clark). Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1997: pp. 19-25. 2000: Maître-Clo, ou la romance en do mineur ("Master Clo, or romance in C minor"). Montréal/Paris: Balzac. .
 2001: Vous n'êtes pas seul ("You are not alone"). Montreal/Paris: Balzac; Montreal, Éditions du Marais, 2011. .
 2002: Au cœur de l'anoréxie ("At the heart of anorexia"). Montreal: CIDIHCA.2004: Au bord de la falaise ("At the edge of the cliff". Montreal: CIDIHCA. Theatre
 2008: Monsieur le Président. Montreal: Éditions du Marais. Poetry

 1960: Au milieu des larmes ("Amidst the tears"). Port-au-Prince: Togiram Press. 1960: Plus large qu'un rêve ("Wider than a dream").Port-au-Prince: Éditions Dorsainvil. 1961: La Raison et mon amour ("Reason and my love". Port-au-Prince: Presses Port-au-princiennes. 1963: Gladys. Port-au-Prince: Éditions Panorama. 1966: Lettre à Montréal ("Letter to Montreal"). Montreal: L'Estérel.1972: Dialogue avec mon ombre ("Dialogue with my shadow "). Montreal: Éditions francophones du Canada. 1982: Cri pour ne pas crever de honte. Montreal: Nouvelle Optique. . Translated by Henri Dominique Paratte into English as "A Scream Not to Die of Shame" in Poésie acadienne contemporaine — Acadian Poetry Now. Moncton/Charlottetown: Éditions Perce-Neige/Ragweed Press, P.E.I., 1985. 1992: Les Yeux de Natania: poésie par <mask> <mask> ("The


title: Albert Wolff (conductor)

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<mask> (19 January 1884 – 20 February 1970) was a French conductor and composer of Dutch descent. Most of his career was spent in European venues, with the exception of two years that he spent as a conductor at the Metropolitan Opera and a few years in Buenos Aires during the Second World War. He is most known for holding the position of principal conductor with the Opéra-Comique in Paris for several years. He was married to the French mezzo-soprano Simone Ballard. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born in Paris, of Dutch parents, though he was a French citizen from birth, never lived in the Netherlands, and never had a Dutch passport. When only 12 years old, he began his musical education at the Paris Conservatoire. There, he studied with such teachers as André Gedalge, Xavier Leroux, and Paul Antonin Vidal.At the same time he played the piano in cabarets and was organist at  the Église Saint-Thomas-d'Aquin (Paris) for four years. Upon graduation at the age of 22, <mask> was awarded first prizes in harmony and accompaniment. Early career
In 1906 <mask> joined the staff of the Opéra-Comique, the theatre which became the centre of his career, while leading ensembles elsewhere in the city of Paris. He made his conducting debut at an opera gala in Strasbourg (then under German control) on 9 May 1909, following this by getting as much experience as possible with many short engagements in all operatic genres around France. Meanwhile, in 1908, <mask> was appointed chorus master at the Opéra-Comique. This was his first experience with any form of stage work. He remained in that position for three years before being given an opportunity to conduct the premiere of Laparra's La jota.Impressed with his performance, the Opéra-Comique took him with

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title: Albert Wolff (conductor)

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 them to Argentina in 1911 where he conducted the Buenos Aires premiere of Pelléas et Mélisande at the Teatro Colón. He later conducted the opera again in its premieres in Naples, Copenhagen, Kristiania (now Oslo) and Stockholm. In August 1910 <mask> conducted Fauré’s incidental music in Georgette Leblanc’s production of the play Pelléas and Mélisande in the cloisters and gardens of Saint-Wandrille abbey. He continued as a conductor at the Opéra-Comique until the outbreak of World War I. Throughout that conflict, <mask> served his country first as at Les Éparges, then as a pilot (including a tour of Morocco), and was decorated for his courage. At the end of the War, <mask> went to the United States to join the conducting staff at the Metropolitan Opera, replacing Pierre Monteux in the French repertoire. His made his debut on 21 November 1919, in Gounod's Faust.Although <mask>'s work with the company received consistently positive reviews from critics, he spent less than two full seasons at the Metropolitan Opera. While with the company <mask> was able to conduct several performances of his own opera L'oiseau bleu, the premiere being in the presence of Maurice Maeterlinck, whose play of the same name the opera was based on. Later career
<mask> returned to the Opéra-Comique in 1921, succeeding André Messager as chief conductor, a position he held for the next three years. He notably conducted the first Paris performances of L'enfant et les sortileges and Angélique by Ibert, and the world premiere of Le brebis égarée (1923) by Milhaud. Around this same time, he founded the Concerts Modernes Paris to provide a medium for the public performance of new works. In 1924 he resigned his post at the Opéra-Comique and became musical director of the Théâtre des

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title: Albert Wolff (conductor)

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 Champs-Élysées. In 1925 he became second conductor of the Concerts Pasdeloup, greatly extending his work in purely orchestral music (including an appearance at the Royal Albert Hall, London in 1926); he later served as head conductor and director of the Pasdeloup from 1934–1940.From 1928 to 1934 he became principal conductor of the Orchestre Lamoureux. He notably conducted the premiere of Roussel's 4th symphony (which was dedicated to him) with the Orchestre Lamoureux in October 1935; he had previously made the premiere recording of Roussel's 3rd symphony with the Lamoureux. In 1938 he was twice a guest conductor at the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra; in 1947 he conducted the same orchestra with Geirr Tveitt in a recording of the latter's 3rd piano concerto. He also conducted a radio performance of his own flute concerto with Per Wang as soloist with Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra on NRK. <mask> conducted the premieres of the opéra-comiques L'École des maris (1935) and Madame Bovary (1951) by Emmanuel Bondeville. In 1945 he became director of the Opéra-Comique for a short while. While there, he conducted the first performance of Poulenc's Les mamelles de Tirésias (1947) and although he resigned from the position not long after he took it, <mask> continued to conduct occasionally at the theatre up until his death in 1970.He conducted 124 performances of Pelléas et Mélisande at the house, more than any other conductor. He also became associated with the Paris Opera where he became a conductor beginning in 1949. He died on  20 February 1970. Recordings
Having made a couple of records with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra in 1928, <mask> made many recordings of French orchestral music for Polydor in Paris in the 1930s, along with some Russian pieces, and

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Wolff
Wolff
Albert Wolff


title: Albert Wolff (conductor)

texts:
 abridged versions of Faust and La Bohème (in French). In the 1950s he set down opera and orchestral music for Decca, first in mono and later a few in stereo. His recordings included Carmen, and Bizet's complete music (in the context of the play) for L'Arlésienne. With the Paris Conservatoire Orchestra, his discography included Adam's Giselle (complete) and Glazunov's The Seasons, overtures by Berlioz, Auber, Hérold, Suppé, Nicolai and Řezníček, orchestral works by Falla, Ravel, Lalo and Franck, Gustave Charpentier's Impressions d'Italie and Massenet's Scènes Pittoresques and Scènes Alsaciennes.With the Pasdeloup Orchestra, he recorded Landowski's Symphony No. 1 'Jean de la Peur'. Some of his opera recordings for French radio have subsequently been issued on CD, such as Adam's Le chalet (Gaité-Lyrique label), Massenet's Thaïs (Le Chant du Monde) and Bondeville's L'École des maris (Decca/London). Works

Operas
 Sœur Béatrice (1911 ; Nice, 1948),
 Le marchand de masques (Nice, 1914),
 L'oiseau bleu (New York, 27 December 1919). Ballet
 Le clochard, from a scenario by his son Pierre. Music for orchestra
 La randonnée de l'âme défunte
 Concerto pour flûte (1943)
 Symphonie en la

Other works
 Requiem for soloists, choirs (Concerts Pasdeloup, 25 March 1939),
 Trois images marocaine for piano

References

Biography: Jean-Philippe Mousnier: <mask> - Eugène Bigot, Edition L'Harmattan 2001. External links

CD Review

1884 births
1970 deaths
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
French male conductors (music)
French classical composers
French male classical composers
French military personnel of World War I
French opera composers
Male opera composers
French people of Dutch descent
Musicians from Paris
20th-century French conductors (music)
20th-century French male


title: B. D. Kulkarni

texts:
<mask> (1949–2019), popularly known as B. D. among his friends and colleagues, was an Indian chemical reaction engineer and a Distinguished Scientist of Chemical Engineering and Process Development at the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune. An INSA Senior Scientist and a J. C. <mask> Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards for his contributions to Engineering Sciences in 1988. Biography

B. D<mask>, born on 5 May 1949 in Nagpur in the western Indian state of Maharashtra, did his schooling at New English High School and after passing the matriculation with distinction in 1964, he did his pre-university course at Hislop College before joining Laxminarayan Institute of Technology of Nagpur University from where he graduated in chemical engineering in 1970. He continued there to complete his master's degree in chemical engineering in 1972 and enrolled at National Chemical Laboratory, Pune (NCL) in 1973 for his doctoral degree under the guidance of L. K<mask>, a noted chemical engineer and Padma Bhushan recipient. He worked under <mask>, who is credited with developing Organic Synthesis Engineering as a definitive scientific stream, and secured a PhD in 1978 during which time he was invited by Man Mohan Sharma, a Padma Vibhushan laureate, to join the Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai but, on advice from <mask>, he remained at NCL where he would spend the rest of his career.He served the institution in various capacities as Scientist C (1979–84), Scientist EI (1984–88), Scientist EII (1988), Scientist F (1988–93) and superannuated as Scientist G in 2010. On the administration front, he served as the Deputy Director and Head of the Chemical Engineering Division. Post-retirement, he served NCL as a Distinguished Scientist and continues his researches. Legacy

<mask>'s researches were mainly in the fields of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Applied Mathematics and Transport phenomena and he is known for his work on fluidized bed reactors and chemical reactors. He is credited with introducing an integer-solution approach and novel ideas on

masks:
Bhaskar Dattatraya Kulkarni
Boseti
. Kulkarni
. Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Doraiswamy
Kulkarni


title: B. D. Kulkarni

texts:
 Science Academy awarded <mask> Swarup Bhatnagar Prize, one of the highest Indian science awards the same year. The National Chemical Laboratory selected him s the Best Scientist of the Year in 1992 and the year 2000 brought him two awards, ChemTech-CEW Award of the ChemTech Foundation and the FICCI Award of the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry. <mask>, a CSIR Distinguished Scientist at NCL, was elected as a fellow by Maharashtra Academy of Sciences in 1988, the same year as he became a fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences. He received the elected fellowship of the Indian National Academy of Engineering and the Golden Jubilee Fellowship of the Institute of Chemical Technology (then known as the University Department of Chemical Technology-UDCT) in 1989. The Indian National Science Academy elected him as a fellow in 1990 and The World Academy of Sciences chose him as an elected fellow in 2002. When the Science and Engineering Research Board of the Department of Science and Technology selected scientists for the J. C. Bose National Fellowship in 2009, he was also included in the list of recipients. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, the official journal of the American Chemical Society, issued a festschrift on him in 2009 titled Kulkarni Issue with the guest editorial written by his mentor, L. K<mask> and the issue featured his biosketch jointly written by Ganapati D. Yadav, V. K. Jayaraman and V. Ravikumar, all known chemical engineers.Contributions

Books

Chapters

Selected patents

See also

 List of chemical engineers
 History of chemical engineering

Notes

References

External links

Recipients of the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award in Engineering Science
1949 births
Indian scientific authors
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
People from Nagpur district
TWAS fellows
Indian chemical engineers
Chemical reaction engineering
20th-century Indian inventors
Living people
Fellows of the Indian National Academy of Engineering
Indian technology writers
20th-century Indian engineers
Engineers from

masks:
Kulkarniti
Kulkarni
. Doraiswmy


title: Wes Chandler

texts:
<mask> (born August 22, 1956) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for eleven seasons during the 1970s and 1980s. He was selected to the Pro Bowl four times, and ranked twelfth in NFL history in receiving yards and thirteenth in receptions when he retired. <mask> is a member of the San Diego Chargers Hall of Fame. He played college football for the Florida Gators and was also inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2015. Playing as a receiver in a run-oriented wishbone offense at Florida, <mask> set a school record with 28 touchdowns. He was named both an All-American and an Academic All-American in 1977. He was picked third overall by the New Orleans Saints in the 1978 NFL Draft.Over an 11-year NFL career, <mask> played for the Saints, the San Diego Chargers and the San Francisco 49ers. He holds the NFL record for most receiving yards per game in a season, set in 1982 with the Chargers. After retiring as a player, he became a football coach, and served as the wide receivers coach for various teams at the professional and college level. Early life

<mask> was born in New Smyrna Beach, Florida. He attended New Smyrna Beach High School, where he was a standout high school football player for coach Bud Asher's New Smyrna Beach Barracudas. In his junior year the team was undefeated, including a victory over the Rams of Interlachen High School which snapped their 21-game regular season win streak. <mask> scored twenty-two touchdowns as a senior in 1973 (scoring five in a single game), and rushing for 1,052 yards and catching twenty-two receptions as a wishbone halfback.Prominent with him in the

masks:
Wesley Sandy Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler
Chandler


title: Wes Chandler

texts:
 backfield were the brothers Reggie and Keith Beverly. <mask> earned the nickname "Little Joe" due to his small size. In 2007, thirty-three years after he graduated from high school, the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) recognized <mask> as one of the "100 Greatest Players of the First 100 Years" of Florida high school football. College career

<mask> accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, where he was a wide receiver under coach Doug Dickey on the Gators football team from 1974 to 1977. While he was a Florida undergraduate, <mask> became a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity (Theta Sigma Chapter). As a Gator, he caught ninety-two passes for 1,963 yards and a school record twenty-two touchdowns in a run-oriented offense, adding six more scores on rushes and kick returns to set the school record for total touchdowns with twenty-eight. He led the Gators in receiving yards for three straight seasons (1975, 1976 and 1977), and despite many seasons of pass-oriented offenses since his time in Gainesville, he still holds Florida's career records in average yards per catch (21.3) and touchdown to reception ratio (one touchdown per 4.18 catches).<mask> Ferguson Award as a senior team captain in 1977. He also finished tenth in the balloting for the Heisman Trophy in 1977. He is widely considered to be one of the best all-around football players to ever play for the University of Florida, and has been named to several all-time Gators and all-SEC teams, and was inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great" in 1989. In 2006, The Gainesville Sun recognized <mask> as No. 6 among the top

masks: Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandlerie Chandler


title: Wes Chandler

texts:
 100 Florida Gators players of the first 100 years of the team, and in 2015, <mask> was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Professional career

The New Orleans Saints selected <mask> in the first round (third pick overall) in the 1978 NFL Draft, and he played for the Saints for four seasons from  to . <mask> was selected to the Pro Bowl after his second season in the league after finishing with 1,069 yards and six touchdown receptions.He was traded to the San Diego Chargers in 1981 to replace star receiver John Jefferson, who was traded to the Green Bay Packers after a bitter contract hold-out. In the opening round of the playoffs that year in a game known as The Epic In Miami, he caught six passes for 106 yards and returned a punt 56 yards for a touchdown in the Chargers 41–38 victory. The following season was <mask>'s best, when he led the NFL with 1,032 receiving yards and nine receiving touchdowns in the strike-shortened  season; his average of 129 yards receiving per game that year is still an NFL record. He also caught nine passes for 124 yards in a playoff win over the Pittsburgh Steelers. <mask> represented Chargers players in the players' union, and many NFL players in that role were cut or traded after the 1987 NFL strike. After he was elected to the union's executive committee, <mask> was traded to the San Francisco 49ers, with whom he finished his career in 1988. He played in four games before retiring in October after tendinitis in a knee and frustration over his performance.The 49ers went on to win the Super Bowl that season. "My heart wasn't in it. It had nothing to do with being a quitter. It was more about real-life decisions," he said. During his

masks: Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler


title: Wes Chandler

texts:
 11-year NFL career, <mask> caught 559 passes for 8,966 yards and 56 touchdowns, rushed for 84 yards, returned 48 kickoffs for 1,048 yards, and gained 428 yards on 77 punt returns. Overall, he amassed 10,526 all-purpose yards. At the time of his retirement, <mask> ranked twelfth in NFL history in receiving yards and thirteenth in receptions.He also earned four Pro Bowl selections, including three with the San Diego Chargers. In 2001, <mask> was inducted into the San Diego Chargers Hall of Fame. Post-playing career

<mask> eventually went to Dallas after seven years coaching in NFL Europe, including a stint as head coach of the Berlin Thunder in 1999. Before that, he also coached at the University of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida and Father Lopez Catholic High School in Daytona Beach, Florida. In January 2012, he joined the California Golden Bears as their receivers coach. <mask> has established a scholarship fund for minority students through the Wes <mask> Celebrity Golf Classic. <mask> also has two nephews in athletics.Dallas Baker was a standout wide receiver for the Florida Gators and was drafted by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the 2007 NFL Draft. <mask>'s other nephew and Dallas's younger brother, Perry Baker, is a professional rugby player with the United States national rugby sevens team. In 2015, he was one of the founders of the proposed league, Major League Football, and served as its first president. He resigned in July 2017 when the league was reorganizing after failing to launch. See also

 1976 College Football All-America Team
 1977 College Football All-America Team
 List of Alpha Phi Alpha brothers
 List of Florida Gators football All-Americans
 List of

masks: Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler Chandler


title: Wes Chandler

texts:
 Florida Gators in the NFL Draft
 List of National Football League season receiving yards leaders
 List of New Orleans Saints first-round draft picks
 List of New Orleans Saints players

References

Bibliography

 Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007).  .
 Golenbock, Peter, Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002).  .
 Hairston, Jack, Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002).  .
 McCarthy, Kevin M.,  Fightin' Gators: A History of University of Florida Football, Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (2000).  .
 Nash, Noel, ed., The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football, Sports Publishing, Inc., Champaign, Illinois (1998).  . External links

 Image of <mask>

1956 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Berlin Thunder coaches
California Golden Bears football coaches
Florida Gators football players
Frankfurt Galaxy coaches
National Conference Pro Bowl players
New Orleans Saints players
New York Sentinels coaches
Orlando Thunder coaches
Rhein Fire coaches
San Diego Chargers players
San Francisco 49ers players
UCF Knights football coaches
American Conference Pro Bowl players
All-American college football players
People from New Smyrna Beach, Florida
Players of American football from Florida
African-American players of American football
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American


title: Mary Dublin Keyserling

texts:
<mask> (1911–1997) was a liberal economist and federal employee noted for her sometimes contrarian views on issues facing working women. Her time as an economist is largely linked to her time as a federal employee by her career and positions in the United States government. During her career as head of the United States Women's Bureau, Keyserling and her husband <mask> faced loyalty allegations during the Red Scare that impacted their governmental careers. Early years
<mask> was born in New York City, New York on May 25, 1911 to a Jewish family. Both of her parents, Augusta Salik, her mother, and Louis I<mask>, her father, were immigrants to the United States. From a young age <mask> was influenced by various social reforms that took place in the United States. This was due to her parents' positive interactions and open minds about many of these social reforms, such as women gaining more rights, that took place during the United States Progressive Era.Career

Economist
<mask> <mask> was a Keynesian economist. She first went to school at Barnard College to study economics and graduated in 1930 as president of her senior class. She then pursued graduate studies at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, the London School of Economics, and ultimately at Columbia University to gain a doctoral degree that she did not finish. While in college, <mask> <mask> was taught by economist Wesley Clair Mitchell. During a fellowship while still at Barnard, Keyserling, studied with Economist John Maynard Keynes. It was at Columbia University did she meet and marry <mask>, then an economics instructor, in 1940. She worked for the United States government as an economist under the presidential administrations of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry Truman, and Lyndon D. Johnson.Government employee
Keyserling began to work for the United States’ Government in 1930 after graduating from college. Her first government job was as a researcher in the Committee

masks:
Mary Dublin Keyserling
Leon Keyserling
Mary Dublin Keyserling
. Dublin
Mary Dublin Keyserling
Mary Dublin
Keyserling
Mary Dublin
Keyserling
Leon Keyserling


title: Mary Dublin Keyserling

texts:
 on the Costs of Medical Care. Within a year Keyserling worked in the State Charities Aid Association of New York City as an administrator. Between 1940 and 1953 Keyserling served on various positions in the American Government. 1940–1941, Consumers Division
 1941–1942 in the House Committee on National Defense Migration
 1942–1943, Chief of the Office of Civilian Defense's Research and Statistics Division
 1943–1945, director of the Foreign Economic Administration's Liberated Areas Division
 1946–1953, director of the Department of Commerce's International Economic Analysis Division, Office of International Trade. 1964–1968, head of the Women's Bureau. In 1953, following her loyalty trial, Keyserling retired from her governmental position in the Commerce Department.She later returned to working for the government at a later date, as shown in her accepting the position of head of the Women's Bureau in 1964. <mask> was the head of the Women's Bureau from 1964 to 1968. However, she was an Associate Director on the Council on Economic Progress before selected by President Johnson to be the head of the Women's Bureau in 1964. While in office she used the emphasis on improving the purchasing power of workers from the War on Poverty to justify legislation concerning a minimum wage and maximum hours for workers. Red Scare
<mask> was one of the many women working in the United States government that was challenged over her loyalty from 1930s to 1950s. In 1952 and 1953, Keyserling was put on a loyalty trial due to possible Communist leanings. It has been speculated that she was accused due to her husband <mask>.Another factor was that as a Keynesian economist her ideals went against one of the Red Scare's goals, the goal of rolling back the gains of the New Deal. The accusation that started the trail was made on  February 9, 1952 by Joseph McCarthy. McCarthy stated that Keyserlying was a former member of ten Communist groups. Two months later, McCarthy stated that

masks:
Keyserling
Keyserling
Leon Keyserling


title: John Appleton

texts: <mask> (February 11, 1815 – August 22, 1864) was an American lawyer, politician and diplomat who served as the  United States' first chargé d'affaires to Bolivia, and later as special envoy to Great Britain and Russia. Born in Beverly, Massachusetts, <mask> graduated from Bowdoin College in 1834 and attended Harvard Law School from 1835 to 1836. On leaving Harvard, he became a barrister and newspaper editor while maintaining a vigorous involvement in Democratic politics. In 1840 he was appointed as registrar of probates for Cumberland County, Maine, and in 1845 became Chief Clerk for the United States Department of the Navy. In January 1848 <mask> was promoted to Chief Clerk of the State Department, but resigned in March when he was named as the United States' first chargé d'affaires to Bolivia. The posting was unsuccessful, and <mask> resigned after six months service and returned to the United States to pursue his personal political interests. In 1851 he was narrowly elected to Congress, representing Maine's 2nd congressional district.As a Congressman he became noted for his oratorical skills, and was selected to give the obituary address for former Senator and Secretary of State Daniel Webster in 1852. In 1855 <mask> was sent as diplomatic envoy to London, England to promote United States interests in negotiations to end the Crimean War. He returned to the United States in 1857 and was appointed as the fourth Assistant Secretary of State, a post he held for the following three years. As Assistant Secretary he opened discussions with Russia regarding a prospective Alaska Purchase, leading to the United States acquiring that territory in 1867. Concurrently, he was editor of a pro-Democratic newspaper The Washington Union, but his career was marred by allegations that he misused this position for personal gain. He was the United States' envoy to

masks:
John Appleton
Appleton
Appleton
Appleton
Appleton


title: John Appleton

texts:
 Russia from 1860 until his retirement in 1861. <mask> died on August 22, 1864, and is buried in Portland's Evergreen Cemetery.Early life: 1815–44
<mask> was born in Beverly, Massachusetts on February 11, 1815. His father, <mask> <mask> (1780–1862), was a resident of Portland, Maine; his mother, <mask> (nee Williams) (1786–1860) was from Connecticut. <mask> was the third child of nine of his parents and spent most of his childhood in Portland. <mask> studied law at Bowdoin College in the 1830s, graduating as a Legum Doctor in 1834 and pursuing further studies at Harvard Law School in the summers of 1835 and 1836. Throughout the 1830s he worked in New England legal firms. On 20 June 1837 he passed his bar examination in Cumberland County, Maine and subsequently opened his own legal practice in Portland. In 1838 <mask> was appointed as lead editor of the Eastern Argus, a now-defunct newspaper serving the Portland area, and in 1840 and from 1842 to 1844 he served as registrar of probates for Cumberland County.He married Susan Lovering Dodge in 1840, and their only child, Eben <mask>, was born in Portland in 1843. Political career: 1845–64

Chief Clerk

In addition to his legal practice, <mask>'s abiding interest was in Democratic Party politics. In the 1840s he became associated with Tennessee Governor James K. Polk, who would be elected President in a close-fought race in 1844. Following Polk's inauguration, <mask> accepted an offer from United States Navy Secretary George Bancroft to join the administration as the Navy's Chief Clerk. His closeness to Polk continued while in this role, culminating in an invitation to act as the President's personal diarist for a goodwill tour of the northeastern states. Appleton's record of this visit was later published as a 135-page volume entitled North for Union. The book includes Appleton's endorsement of

masks:
Appleton
John Appleton
John White
Appleton
Sophia Appleton
Appleton
Appleton
Appleton
Dodge Appleton
Appleton
Appleton


title: John Appleton

texts:
 northeastern arts and industry, alongside a studied disapproval of its urban culture.Boston is described as having a "greatness" bestowed by its role in the American Revolutionary War, which permitted Appleton to "almost forget its meanness" today. Industrialized Lowell is criticized for commercialism, as "not in such places are republican spirits and Spartan hearts best educated." Describing the region's largest city, Appleton wrote:

New York ... has the social faults which belong to an eminently business place, and to a shifting, moneymaking people. Everything there is confused, and every man there is busily pursuing some selfish aim. One who walks slowly in the streets is in danger of being run over, and everybody is so much in a hurry there that, in such a case, no resident would probably stop to pick him up. On January 26, 1848 <mask> was promoted to the role of Chief Clerk for the Department of State. In this position, <mask> was the second-ranking officer of the Department.Chargé d'affaires to Bolivia
On March 30, 1848, then-Secretary of State James Buchanan appointed <mask> as United States chargé d'affaires to Bolivia, which had recently declared independence from Peru. His primary instructions were to open economic relations with Bolivia, assure them of United States' goodwill and help secure a cross-border treaty that would transfer the port of Arica from Peruvian to Bolivian control. Buchanan further urged <mask> to use his influence as chargé d'affaires to encourage Bolivia towards democracy, by "presenting to them the example of our own country, where all controversies are decided at the ballot box." <mask> set out for his Bolivian post in the summer of 1848. However his arrival was delayed first by the shipwreck of the USS Onkahye, which had been carrying him to South America, and then by slow progress through the Andes

masks: Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton


title: John Appleton

texts:
 Mountains en route to La Paz. In October he reached the Bolivian capital to discover that the government of President José Miguel de Velasco Franco was besieged by soldiers under the command of former Minister for War Manuel Isidoro Belzu. Both de Velasco and Belzu claimed to be head of state, but neither would receive Appleton in order that he might present his diplomatic credentials and assume office.Belzu's forces seized national control eight weeks later, and  <mask> was able to take up his position as chargé in December. Having finally taken office, <mask> found his posting a challenging one. In correspondence with the United States Government he noted that the country seemed to have a difficult climate, few North Americans and no roads. Attempts to deliver on Buchanan's instructions for a cross-border treaty with Peru were also rebuffed, as the Peruvian Government had not been advised that <mask> would be undertaking this task and declined to negotiate with him. Discontented and in poor health, <mask> requested that he be recalled to the United States. He resigned on May 4, 1849, less than six months after assuming his post. Election to Congress

<mask> returned to Maine in late 1849 and resumed his interests in a political career.On March 4, 1851, he was elected to the 32nd United States Congress as the Democratic candidate in Maine's 2nd congressional district, defeating Whig candidate William Ferguson by 40 votes. Despite the failures of his Bolivian post, <mask> continued his interest in international relations by taking up a position on the House Committee on Foreign Affairs. His focus was now on European affairs, taking a conservative line against international republicanism and political reform which he felt was motivated by emotion rather than reason. For Appleton, European republican sentiment was "like the fabled Phaeton, [who]

masks: Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton


title: John Appleton

texts:
 seizes the reins with passion, drives madly off the course, and nearly engulfs the world in darkness." The new Congressman also demonstrated a talent for oratory, delivering a series of speeches noted for their graceful, impressive delivery. His speaking skills were recognized in December 1852 when he was chosen by Congress to read the obituary address for former Senator and Secretary of State Daniel Webster. Envoy to London
Appleton declined to run for re-election to Congress in 1852.Instead he returned to Maine, and in February 1855 was appointed as diplomatic envoy to London, England, with instructions to lead United States engagement in negotiations to end the Crimean War. The principal United States interest was to prevent the Crimean peace negotiations from also encompassing a prohibition on privateering in international waters. Despite repeated efforts, <mask> was unsuccessful in advancing this case, and privateering was duly prohibited in the Declaration of Paris in 1856. <mask> did not remain in Europe to see the Declaration signed, resigning his post on November 16, 1855. A State Department offer to remain in London as United States chargé d'affaires was also declined and <mask>.returned to the United States in December, immediately throwing himself into James Buchanan's 1856 Presidential campaign. Assistant Secretary of State, Envoy to Russia

After Buchanan's inauguration in 1857, <mask> was nominated by Edmund Burke to run a pro-Buchanan newspaper, the Washington Union. After a few months, <mask> resigned due to ill health.On April 4, 1857 he was nominated as United States Assistant Secretary of State. <mask> superseded the Chief Clerk as the second-ranking officer of the Department. In 1858, <mask> was charged with corruption from his involvement in the "public printing plunder", in which he used his influence and his position

masks: Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton


title: John Appleton

texts:
 as editor to make around $10,000 ($ in ). <mask> did not deny the charges. While in office he was involved in preliminary discussions with Tsarist Russia over the prospective Alaska Purchase. Talks were held in Washington between <mask>, Russian representative Eduard de Stoeckl and chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Naval Affairs William M. Gwin. <mask> and Gwin offered $5 million ($ in ) in 1859, but de Stoeck wanted more money.No decision had been made before the 1860 Presidential election, and discussion was then indefinitely postponed upon the outbreak of the American Civil War. <mask> resigned as Assistant Secretary of State on June 10, 1860. On September 9 he was appointed as diplomatic envoy to Russia. <mask> showed impatience with the rise of Congress Poland. When he commented back to the United States, not much was done, since the rise of the Confederate States. During meetings with Prince Gortchacow in April 1861, <mask> and Gortchacow concluded Russia would not recognize the Confederacy, however, trade between the two would still remain. <mask> retired for health reasons on June 8, 1861.Death
<mask> died on August 22, 1864. He is buried in Portland's Evergreen Cemetery. Notes

References

External links

1815 births
1864 deaths
<mask> family
United States Assistant Secretaries of State
Bowdoin College alumni
Ambassadors of the United States to Bolivia
Ambassadors of the United States to Russia
Politicians from Portland, Maine
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine
Maine lawyers
People from Beverly, Massachusetts
Maine Democrats
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery (Portland, Maine)
19th-century American diplomats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
Chief Clerks of the United States Department of State
19th-century American

masks: Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton Appleton