title: James Cameron

texts: frequent collaborator, also praised <mask>, saying he "is a really passionate person. He cares more about his movies than other directors care about their movies", adding, "I've never seen him yell at anybody".Biehn, however, acknowledged that <mask> is "not real sensitive when it comes to actors and their trailers, and waiting for actors to come to the set". Worthington commented, "He demands excellence. If you don't give it to him, you're going to get chewed out. And that's a good thing". When asked in 2012 about his reputation, <mask> drily responded, “I don’t have to shout any more, because the word is out there already". In 2021, while giving a MasterClass during a break from his work on the Avatar sequels, <mask> acknowledged his past demanding behaviour, opining that if he could go back in time, he would improve the working relationship with his cast and crew members by being less autocratic, thinking of himself as a "tinpot dictator"; <mask> stated that when he visited one of Ron Howard's sets, he was "dumbfounded" at how much time Howard took to compliment his crew, aspiring to become "his inner Ron Howard". <mask>'s work has had an influence in the Hollywood film industry.The Avengers (2012), directed by Joss Whedon, was inspired by <mask>'s approach to action sequences. Whedon also admires <mask>'s ability for writing heroic female characters such as Ellen Ripley of Aliens, adding that he is "the leader and the teacher and the Yoda". Director Michael Bay idolizes <mask> and was convinced by him to use 3D cameras for filming Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011). <mask>'s approach to 3D inspired Baz Luhrmann during the production of The Great Gatsby (2013). Other directors that have been

masks: Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron


title: James Cameron

type: original

texts:
 inspired by <mask> include Peter Jackson, Neill Blomkamp, and Xavier Dolan. Themes

<mask>'s films are often based on themes which explore the conflicts between intelligent machines and humanity or nature, dangers of corporate greed, strong female characters, and a romance subplot. <mask> has further stated in an interview with The Talks, "All my movies are love stories."His films Titanic and Avatar are noted for featuring star-crossed lovers. Characters suffering from emotionally intense and dramatic environments in the sea wilderness are explored in The Abyss and Titanic. The Terminator series amplifies technology as an enemy which could lead to devastation of mankind. Similarly, Avatar views tribal people as an honest group, whereas a "technologically advanced imperial culture is fundamentally evil". Filmography

Awards and recognition

<mask> received the inaugural Ray Bradbury Award from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1992 for Terminator 2: Judgment Day. In recognition of "a distinguished career as a Canadian filmmaker", Carleton University awarded <mask> the honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Arts on June 13, 1998. <mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1998, presented by Awards Council member George Lucas.He also received an honorary doctorate in 1998 from Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, for his accomplishments in the international film industry. In 1998, <mask> attended a convocation to receive an honorary degree from Ryerson University, Toronto. The university awards its highest honor to those who have made extraordinary contributions in Canada or internationally. A year later, <mask> received the honorary Doctor of

masks: Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron


title: James Cameron

texts: Fine Arts degree from California State University, Fullerton. He accepted the degree at the university's summer annual commencement exercise. <mask>'s work has been recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; as one of the few directors to have won three Academy Awards in a single year. For Titanic, he won Best Director, Best Picture (shared with Jon Landau) and Best Film Editing (shared with Conrad Buff and Richard A. Harris).In 2009, he was nominated for awards in Best Film Editing (shared with John Refoua and Stephen E. Rivkin, Best Director and Best Picture for Avatar. <mask> has won two Golden Globes: Best Director for Titanic and Avatar. In recognition of his contributions to underwater filming and remote vehicle technology, University of Southampton awarded <mask> the honorary degree of doctor of the university in July 2004. <mask> accepted the award at the National Oceanography Centre. In 2008, <mask> received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame and a year later, received the 2,396th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. On February 28, 2010, <mask> was honored with a Visual Effects Society (VES) Lifetime Achievement Award. In June 2012, <mask> was inducted to The Science Fiction Hall of Fame at the Museum of Pop Culture for his contribution to the science fiction and fantasy field.Inspired by Avatar, Disney constructed Pandora – The World of Avatar, at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida which opened to the public on May 27, 2017. A species of frog, Pristimantis jamescameroni, was named after <mask> for his work in promoting environmental awareness and advocacy of veganism. In 2010, Time magazine named <mask> one of the 100 most influential people in the world. That same year, he

masks: Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron Cameron


title: James Cameron

texts:
 was ranked at the top of the list in The Guardian Film Power 100 and in 30th place in New Statesman's list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010". In 2013, <mask> received the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public, which is annually awarded by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. In 2019, <mask> was appointed as a Companion of the Order of Canada by Governor General Julie Payette, giving him the Post Nominal Letters "CC" for life. In 2020, <mask> was the subject of the second season of the Epicleff Media dramatic podcast Blockbuster.The audio drama, created and narrated by Emmy Award-winning journalist and filmmaker Matt Schrader, chronicles <mask>'s life and career (leading up to the creation and release of Titanic), and stars actor Ross Marquand in the lead voice role as <mask>. See also
 <mask>'s unrealized projects
 Hans Hass Award
 List of vegans

References

Further reading

 Matthew Wilhelm Kapell and Stephen McVeigh, The Films of <mask>: Critical Essays. McFarland & Company. 2011. External links

1954 births
20th-century Canadian male writers
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
21st-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian screenwriters
Action film directors
American Cinema Editors
Best Directing Academy Award winners
Best Director Golden Globe winners
Best Film Editing Academy Award winners
California State University, Fullerton alumni
Canadian agnostics
Canadian atheists
Canadian documentary film directors
Canadian documentary film producers
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian environmentalists
Canadian expatriate film directors in the United States
Canadian expatriate writers in the United States
Canadian emigrants to New

masks:
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
James Cameron
James Cameron


title: Bob Clear

texts:
<mask> (December 14, 1927 – April 6, 2010) was an American minor league baseball infielder, pitcher and manager, and a Major League coach with the California Angels. He was born in Denver, Colorado, and moved to Los Angeles with his family in 1940. During his active career, <mask> batted and threw right-handed and was listed as  tall and . He was the uncle of former MLB relief pitcher <mask>. Playing career
<mask> began a long playing career with the 1945 Batavia Clippers of the Class D PONY League, hitting .222 at age 17. He returned to California as a member of the Class C Bakersfield Indians in 1946, playing third base and only posting an .838 fielding percentage while batting .266. The next year, he joined the St. Louis Cardinals' minor-league organization and hit .200 for Lynchburg and .208 for the Decatur, both in Class B leagues.<mask> then attempted a pitching career. He posted a 17–12 record with a 3.45 ERA for the 1948 Willows Cardinals in the Class D Far West League; he was second in the league in games won to Larry Shepard of Medford, a future colleague as a manager in the Pittsburgh Pirates' farm system of the 1960s. He also was 0–1 with Class C Fresno of the California League. <mask> spent most of 1949 with the Pocatello Cardinals (11–6, 5.84) and also was back in Lynchburg for one loss. By his 21st birthday, he had been with seven teams. The 1950 season brought him to the Class A Western League and he went 16–7 with a 3.38 ERA. He was tied for fourth in the circuit in wins, was fourth with 119 walks and the Omaha

masks:
Elwood Robert Clear
Clear
Mark Clear
Clear
Clear
Clear


title: Bob Clear

texts:
 Cardinals pitcher led the league with four shutouts.He struggled with the Cardinals' three top minor league affiliates in 1951, going 1–2, 8.13 for the Houston Buffaloes, 0–4 with a 9.82 ERA for the Columbus Red Birds and 0–1 for the Rochester Red Wings. After playing on 11 teams by age 24, <mask>'s career then settled down. He went 9–12, with a 3.44 ERA for Houston in 1952 and 4–6, with a 3.35 ERA for the 1953 Buffaloes. Back in Omaha in 1954, <mask> went 20–11 with a 2.93 ERA, led the Western League in wins, was fifth in ERA, tied for second with 22 complete games, tied for third with five shutouts, first with 267 innings and first with 114 walks. In his 11th pro season, at age 27, he was invited to the big-league Cardinals'  spring training camp, but he wasn't given the opportunity to pitch. That season, Omaha joined the Triple-A American Association as one of the Cardinals' two top minor league affiliates. Staying with Omaha, but now competing in a higher classification, <mask> fell to 1–10, with a 4.42 ERA.He began 1956 in Omaha, but after three games, he was assigned by the parent Cardinals to the Sioux City Soos of the Western League, where on May 15 he became a player-manager at age 27. On the mound, he went 5–4 with a 6.00 ERA for the Soos. Managing career
<mask> finally left the Cardinals' chain in 1957, joining the Pirates as the player-manager of the Douglas Copper Kings of the Class C Arizona–Mexico League. He batted .313 and, on the mound, went 20–11 with a 3.63 ERA. He was second in the league in ERA behind Don

masks: Clear Clear Clear Clear


title: Bob Clear

texts:
 Bruns, tied Candido Andrade for the win lead, and led with 28 complete games (in 31 starts). Still just 29 years old, he had now played for 13 clubs. He won 18 of 26 decisions, with a 4.42 ERA, for Douglas in 1958, and helped make history on August 19 when he was hitting fifth for Douglas in a game in which all nine starters homered against the Chihuahua Dorados in a 22–6 rout.It was <mask>'s fourth 1958 home run as a hitter; he batted .303 that season and led the Copper Kings to the A–ML championship. He went 13–8, with a 2.81 ERA for the Idaho Falls Russets the next year. He then had arguably his best year yet, going 21–6, with a 2.50 ERA for the Grand Forks Chiefs, leading the Northern League in wins and finishing in the top three in ERA. In 1961, he fell to 4–5, with a 5.05 ERA for Grand Forks. Retiring more or less from pitching, he appeared briefly for the 1965 Kinston Eagles and 1967 Clinton Pirates (1–0, 1.64), wrapping up his pitching career with a 144–117 record for 17 teams. He continued to manage in the Pirates' farm system until 1969, making stops at Batavia in 1962, Gastonia in 1963–1964, Asheville in 1964, Kinston in 1965, back to Gastonia in 1966, Clinton in 1967–1968, and Geneva in 1969. With the California Angels
<mask> moved to the California Angels' system in 1970, and would remain a member of the organization for the rest of his career.He managed the Idaho Falls Angels of the Rookie-level Pioneer League from 1970 to 1973, winning the league championship in his first season. Then he became a scout and

masks: Clear Clear


title: Bob Clear

texts:
 minor-league instructor for 2 seasons, until July 1976, when he officially donned a Major League Baseball uniform for the first time as the Angels' bullpen coach under newly-named manager Norm Sherry. He held that role for the next 11 full seasons, through , working under Sherry, Dave Garcia, Jim Fregosi, Gene Mauch and John McNamara. The Angels won three American League West Division championships (1979,  and ) during his coaching tenure. In  and , he was joined on the Angels' roster by his nephew Mark, who worked out of <mask>'s bullpen for his first two seasons in MLB before being traded to the Boston Red Sox. After 1987, <mask> continued in the Angel system as a special-assignments scout and instructor through , his 56th year in professional baseball. He died in Carson, California, at the age of 82.References

External links

Coach's page from Retrosheet
BR bullpen article

1927 births
2010 deaths
Asheville Tourists managers
Bakersfield Indians players
Baseball coaches from Colorado
Baseball players from Denver
Batavia Clippers players
California Angels coaches
California Angels scouts
Clinton Pirates players
Columbus Red Birds players
Decatur Commodores players
Douglas Copper Kings players
Fresno Cardinals players
Grand Forks Chiefs players
Houston Buffaloes players
Idaho Falls Russets players
Kinston Eagles players
Lynchburg Cardinals players
Major League Baseball bullpen coaches
Omaha Cardinals players
Pocatello Cardinals players
Rochester Red Wings players
Sioux City Soos players
Sportspeople from Denver
Willows

masks:
Bob Clear
Clear


title: Dionysius Lardner

texts:
Professor <mask> FRS FRSE (3 April 179329 April 1859) was an Irish scientific writer who popularised science and technology, and edited the 133-volume Cabinet Cyclopædia. Early life in Dublin
He was born in Dublin on 3 April 1793 the son of <mask>, a solicitor in Dublin, who wished his son to follow the same calling. After some years of uncongenial desk work, <mask> entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1812, and obtained a B.A. in 1817 and an M.A. in 1819, winning many prizes. He married Cecilia Flood on 19 December 1815, but they separated in 1820 and were divorced in 1835. About the time of the separation, he began a relationship with a married woman, Anne Maria Darley Boursiquot, the wife of a Dublin wine merchant.It is believed that he fathered her son, Dion Boucicault, the actor and dramatist. Lardner provided him with financial support until 1840. Whilst in Dublin, Lardner began to write and lecture on scientific and mathematical matters, and to contribute articles for publication by the Irish Academy. Career in London
In 1828 Lardner was elected professor of natural philosophy and astronomy at University College, London, a position he held until he resigned his professorship in 1831. Lardner showed himself to be a successful populariser of science, giving talks on contemporary topics such as Babbage's Difference Engine (1834). He was the author of numerous mathematical and physical treatises on such subjects as algebraic geometry (1823), the differential and integral calculus (1825), and the steam engine (1828). He also wrote hand-books on various departments of natural philosophy (1854–1856); but it is as the editor of Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopædia (1830–1844) that he is best

masks:
Dionysius Lardner
William Lardner
Lardner


title: Dionysius Lardner

texts:
 remembered.The Cabinet Cyclopædia eventually comprised 133 volumes, and many of the ablest savants of the day contributed to it. Sir Walter Scott contributed a history of Scotland and Thomas Moore contributed a history of Ireland. Connop Thirlwall provided a history of Ancient Greece, whilst Robert Southey provided a section on naval history. Many eminent scientists contributed as well. <mask> himself was the author of the treatises on arithmetic, geometry, heat, hydrostatics and pneumatics, mechanics (in conjunction with Henry Kater) and electricity (in conjunction with C.V. Walker). The Cabinet Library (12 vols., 1830–1832) and the Museum of Science and Art (12 vols., 1854–1856) were his other chief undertakings. A few original papers appear in the Royal Irish Academy's Transactions (1824), in the Royal Society's Proceedings (1831–1836) and in the Astronomical Society's Monthly Notices (1852–1853); and two Reports to the British Association on railway constants (1838, 1841) are from his pen.Involvement in scandal
In 1840 <mask>'s career received a major setback as a result of his involvement with Mary Spicer Heaviside, the wife of Captain Richard Heaviside, of the Dragoon Guards. He had previously been married to Cecilia Flood in 1815, but had separated in 1820. Lardner ran off to Paris with Mrs Heaviside, pursued by her husband. When he caught up with them, Heaviside subjected Lardner to a flogging; he was unable to persuade his wife to return with him. Later that year he successfully sued Lardner for "criminal conversation" (adultery) and received a judgment of £8,000. The Heavisides were divorced in 1845, and in 1846 Lardner was able to marry Mary Heaviside. The scandal caused by his

masks: Lardner Lardner


title: Dionysius Lardner

texts:
 affair with a married woman effectively ended his career in England, so Lardner and his wife remained in Paris until shortly before his death in 1859.He was able to maintain his career by lecturing in the United States between 1841 and 1844, which proved financially rewarding, realising £40,000. He died in Naples, Italy, and is buried in the Cimitero degli Inglesi there. Disagreements with Brunel
<mask> became involved in a number of ill-advised public disagreements with Isambard Kingdom Brunel regarding technical matters, in which he came off the worse. During the 1833 Parliamentary hearings discussing the proposal of the Great Western Railway, Lardner criticised Brunel's design of the Box Tunnel. The tunnel had a 1-in-100 gradient from the east end to the west end. Lardner asserted that if a train's brakes were to fail in the tunnel, it would accelerate to over  , at which speed the train would break up and kill the passengers. Brunel pointed out that Lardner's calculations totally disregarded air-resistance and friction, a basic error.In 1836, when Brunel was proposing to build SS Great Western for the  transatlantic passage to New York, at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Lardner stated that: As the project of making the voyage directly from New York to Liverpool, it was perfectly chimerical, and they might as well talk of making the voyage from New York to the moon...  is the longest run that a steamer could encounter – at the end of that distance she would require a relay of coals. Again, Brunel was able to show that Lardner's calculations were too simplistic. The principle that Brunel understood, which Lardner did not, was that the carrying capacity


title: Dionysius Lardner

texts:
 of a ship increases as the cube of its dimensions, whilst the water-resistance only increases as the square of its dimensions. This meant that large ships were more fuel efficient, and could carry sufficient coal for the long voyage across the Atlantic. Brunel was proved right when the Great Western steamed into New York harbour with   of coal to spare. In 1838 while Brunel was building the broad-gauge Great Western Railway, Lardner carried out some experiments with the company's flagship locomotive, North Star. He asserted that, whilst the engine was capable of hauling   at , it was only capable of hauling  at .He also recorded excessive fuel consumption at higher speeds. <mask> attributed this to the greater wind resistance of broad-gauge engines. Brunel and his assistant Daniel Gooch carried out their own experiments on the same locomotive and found that the only problem was that the blast pipe was too small. This was easily rectified and the North Star's performance immediately improved. At the next meeting of the company's directors, Brunel triumphantly dismissed <mask>'s evidence. Contemporary influence
Lardner is mentioned in Karl Marx's Das Kapital and was well respected as an economist. He mixed with the rich and famous.He was involved in the founding of the University of London and the first person to hold the post of Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy there. He was influential in publicising Charles Babbage's Difference Engine. Whilst lecturing in America <mask> was paid by Norris Brothers, the largest firm of locomotive builders, to investigate a fatal accident in Reading, near Philadelphia, where a boiler had exploded on a newly made train. Lardner pronounced that the

masks: Lardner Lardner Lardner


title: Dionysius Lardner

texts:
 accident had been caused by lightning, which meant that Norris brothers were not personally liable for the accident. A committee of the Franklin Institute pointed out that there was no lightning present at that time and that the pumps had been faulty, the water indicator was ill-designed and the bridge-bands made of cast iron rather than wrought iron. The Coroner's inquest jury were persuaded by Lardner that the accident was an 'act of God' but the company were careful to design their later locomotives with wrought-iron bands. Selected publications
 (1828) Popular Lectures on the Steam Engine with James Renwick
 (1830) Mechanics with Captain Henry Kater
 (1830) The Western World Vol.1 United States
 (1831) Poland
 (1831) Treatise on Algebraic Geometry
 (1831) A Treatise on Mechanics Vol. 1 with Captain Henry Kater
 (1831) A Treatise on... Silk Manufacture
 (1832) Treatise on Hydrostatics and Pneumatics with Benjamin Franklin Joslin
 (1832) History of Switzerland with Roy Gerald Fitzgerald
 (1832) Lectures on the Steam-engine
 (1834) An Historical View of the Progress of the Physical and Mathematical Sciences by Baden Powell
 (1836) The Steam Engine Familiarly Explained and Illustrated with James Renwick
 (1838) The History of Maritime and Inland Discovery Vol. 3
 (1840) The Steam Engine Explained and Illustrated
 (1842) Courses of Lectures: Delivered by Dionysius <mask>
 (1843) Lardner's Outlines of Universal History
 (1844) Investigation of the Causes of the Explosion of the Locomotive Engine, "Richmond"
 (1845) Popular Lectures on Astronomy with François Arago
 (1847) Encyclopaedia of Pure Mathematics with Peter Barlow, George Peacock
 (1848) The First Six Books of the Elements of Euclid


title: Dionysius Lardner

texts:
 (1849) Popular Lectures on Science and Art Vol. 1
 (1850) Railway Economy
 (1854) Hand-books of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy First Course
 (1855) Common Things Explained
 (1856) Steam and Its Uses
 (1857) A Rudimentary Treatise on the Steam Engine
 (1857) Natural Philosophy for Schools
 (1858) A Hand-book of Optics
 (1858) Hand-books of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy Vol. 1

Bibliography
A L Martin, Villain of Steam : A Life of Dionysius Lardner (1793-1859) (Carlow, Tyndall Scientific, 2015). References include:
Kieran Byrne, 'Mechanics's Institutes in Ireland before 1855' (thesis, University College Cork, 1976)
Richard Fawkes 'Dion Boucicault'
Norman McMillan 'Prometheus's Fire'
Mark Blaug (ed.)'William Whewell (1794–1866), <mask> <mask> (1793–1859), Charles Babbage (1792–1871)'; J.N. Hays article 'Dionysius Lardner' in the Dictionary of National Biography
Nora Crook's introduction to 'Mary Shelley's Literary Lives and other writings'
R. John Brockmann "Twisted Rails, sunken ships, the rhetoric of nineteenth century Steamboat and Railroad Accident Investigation Reports, 1833–1879" (2005). Archives include Letters to Babbage, Letters in the Wellcome Library, including a 9-page autobiography in French, etc. Peckham, Morse. "Dr. <mask>'s Cabinet Cyclopaedia". The Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 45 (1951): 37–58. Andrew Odlyzko "Collective hallucinations and inefficient markets: The British Railway Mania of the 1840s" (2010)

References

External links

1793 births
1859 deaths
19th-century Irish people
Fellows of the Royal Society
Irish science writers
Irish astronomers
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Writers from Dublin (city)
Encyclopedists
Academics of University

masks: Dionysius Lardner Lardner


title: Beryl McBurnie

texts:
<mask> (2 November 1913 – 30 March 2000) was a Trinidadian dancer. She established the Little Carib Theatre, and promoted the culture and arts of Trinidad and Tobago as her life's work. She helped to promote the cultural legitimacy of Trinidad and Tobago that would ultimately arm its people to handle independence psychologically and healthily. McBurnie dedicated her life to dance, becoming one of the greatest influences on modern Trinidadian pop culture. Early life

At the age of eight years she was invited to recite the "Sycamore Tree" for a charity concert in the district. Soon after that she set about gathering children from the neighbourhood to form a group, which would present concerts. The first concert planned did not take place, but she and her friends tried again, borrowing chairs from neighbours.This time the performance was well appreciated and this successful venture encouraged her to continue. <mask> <mask> began dancing as a child, performing regularly in dances and plays at Tranquility Girls' School, Port-of-Spain. In her youth she performed Scottish reels, jigs, and other British folk dances that the teacher instructed. Though she appreciated their beauty, she yearned for more. In her teens, she decided to focus on promoting "the emotions of the folk, and which in some cases gave an insight into the history and the way of life of the ordinary people." Rise to prominence

On leaving Tranquility Girls School, McBurnie became a teacher and used this opportunity to engage in the extracurricular activities surrounding the preparation for school concerts, play productions and operettas. She danced at every opportunity that came her way, at the same time becoming quite accomplished at piano and in the use of voice.She trained at Mausica Teachers' College and started her career teaching in Port-of-Spain. She instead decided to pursue her dream career in folk-dance after touring the country with Trinidad's leading folklorist, Andrew Carr. Many melodies

masks:
Beryl Eugenia McBurnie
Beryl
McBurnie


title: Beryl McBurnie

texts:
 and folk dances that would have been lost to Trinidad and Tobago were rescued by McBurnie and promoted in her dancing. In 1938, she enrolled at Teachers CollegeColumbia University in New York and studied dance with dance pioneer Martha Graham. McBurnie also worked with American modern dancer and choreographer Charles Weidman, African-American choreographer Katharine Dunham, and studied eurhythmics with Elisa Findlay - a student of Emile Jacques Dalcroze. McBurnie also taught Trinidadian dance at the New Dance Group

<mask> <mask> was the first person to promote primitive and Caribbean dance. In 1938 when Katherine Dunham arrived in New York from Chicago, McBurnie taught her privately the rhythms and dances of the West Indies.During these sessions she taught Dunham ritual chants and from the Shango of Trinidad and dances such as the Bongo - a dance done at wakes - and Kalinda, a dance between two opponents using sticks in a mock battle. In 1940, McBurnie enjoyed a brief return to Trinidad. She presented A Trip Through the Tropics at the Empire Theatre, Port of Spain. McBurnie combined Caribbean and Brazilian dances with interpretations of New York and modern dances, performed to the music of Wagner, Beethoven and Bach, to a packed audience. Her performances sold out. She returned to New York in 1941 and stayed until 1945. During that time she began teaching classes in West Indian dance and she organized the material in an educational yet attractive package which she used in a series of lecture demonstrations and lecture recitals.She also danced and sang with Sam Manning and his ensemble, in the production of the only known calypso "soundies," film clips made for film jukeboxes located in restaurants and bars. She became a popular teacher at the New Dance Group, where in 1942 Pearl Primus was a student. Primus, like Katherine Dunham, studied West Indian dance from McBurnie and joined the group, which appeared at various venues in New York. In 1941 <mask> assumed

masks: Beryl McBurnie McBurnie


title: Beryl McBurnie

texts:
 a pseudonym name "La Belle Rosette" and performed professionally under that stage name. She was booked to perform at "coffee concerts" at the Museum of Modern Art by philanthropist Louise Crane, then a young theatrical agent. The poet Hilda Doolittle wrote a very positive review of her "coffee concert" showing. After her "coffee concert" performances, "La Belle Rosette" performed at the Brooklyn Academy of Music and the 92nd Street Y alongside American dancers Doris Humphrey and Martha Graham. .In June 1942 <mask> replaced Carmen Miranda in the hit Broadway musical revue Sons o' Fun at the Winter Garden Theatre. A review of her performance in the  People voice of New York, a reporter wrote “Belle Rosette the talented Trinidadian performer scheduled to take Carmen Miranda’s role in the hit show Son O’Fun...amply proved to an enthusiastic audience at the Y.M.H.A on Sunday evening, that she has ‘what it takes’-in the Broadway parlance." Between 1942 and 1945, McBurnie made several appearances at places such as Hunter College, Henry Street Settlement Playhouse in New York, Madison Square Gardens, The Village Gate and New York City College. During that time, she also completed two further study periods at Columbia, where she studied Dramatic Arts, Painting, Music and other Creative Arts courses that she considered important for her work. The following year, she made a film appearance with the Trinidadian vocalist Sam Manning in Quarry Road. Creation of The Little Carib Theatre

McBurnie left the United States in 1945 at the height of her popularity in New York to become a dance instructor with the Trinidad and Tobago government's Education Department in 1945. In 1948 she established the first permanent folk-dance company and theatre in Trinidad.Her first show was Bele (pronounced Bay-lay) pre-carnival 1948 at her newly opened Little Carib Theatre in Woodbrook, Port of Spain. Paul Robeson laid the cornerstone of the building during a tour of the Caribbean in 1948.


title: Beryl McBurnie

texts:
 Among the many highlights of her work from this period were Talking Drums; Carnival Bele, in which the j'ouvert ballet danced to a steel band; Sugar Ballet; Caribbean Cruise; and Parang. She is considered to be one of the foremothers of Parang music. By the 1960s, the work of the Little Carib Dance Company had been recognised and celebrated overseas, performing at such events as the Caribbean Festival of Arts in Puerto Rico in 1952, the Jamaica Tercentenary Celebrations in 1955 and the opening of the Federal Parliament of Toronto in April 1958. In fact, the celebration in Canada in 1958 would influence the way Caribbean culture was understood in Canada. Her performances in Canada helped pave the way for Canada's Caribana festival in the 1960s.In 1965 the Little Carib building, no longer safe in Port-of-Spain, had to be closed down and was re-built in three years. However the permanent dance troupe had disbanded and McBurnie instead focused her energies on teaching children. Recognition and passing

In 1950 McBurnie was appointed the director of dance in the Education Department. The British Council sent her on a dance tour of England and Europe. In 1959 she was appointed OBE, and in 1969 she was presented with the Hummingbird Gold Medal of Trinidad and Tobago. In 1976 the University of the West Indies conferred on her the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws and in America in 1978 she was honoured along with Katharine Dunham and Pearl Primus at the Twentieth Anniversary Gala of the Alvin Ailey Theater. In 1989, McBurnie received the Trinity Cross, the highest national award in Trinidad and Tobago then, for Promotion of the Arts.She died on 30 March 2000. References

External links
 Judy Raymond, "<mask> McBurnie: The First Lady of Dance", Caribbean Beat, Issue 20, July/August – 1996. 1913 births
2000 deaths
Modern dancers
Trinidad and Tobago choreographers
Trinidad and Tobago dancers
Women choreographers
Recipients of the Hummingbird Medal
Columbia University


title: Rick Alan Ross

texts: <mask> (born 1952) is an American deprogrammer, cult specialist, and founder and executive director of the nonprofit Cult Education Institute. He frequently appears in the news and other media discussing groups some consider cults. <mask> has intervened in more than 500 deprogramming cases in various countries. <mask> faced charges of unlawful imprisonment over a 1991 forcible deprogramming of United Pentecostal Church International member Jason Scott; a jury acquitted him at trial. In 1995, a civil lawsuit filed by Scott resulted in a multimillion-dollar judgement against <mask> and his co-defendants. Later, <mask> and Scott reached a settlement in which <mask> agreed to pay Scott 5,000 and provide 200 hours of professional services at no charge. <mask> was the only deprogrammer to work with members of the Branch Davidians prior to the Waco siege; some scholars later criticized his involvement with the siege.<mask> was born in 1952 in Cleveland, Ohio, and moved to Phoenix, Arizona in 1956. His mother worked for the Jewish Community Center and his father was a plumber. He was raised and went to school in Arizona with the exception of one year that he was sent to the Camden Military Academy in South Carolina after skipping too much school during high school. He graduated from Phoenix Union High School in 1971. After high school, <mask> worked for two years at a finance company and at a bank, but then got into legal trouble in his early 20s during a time period that he was in between jobs. In 1974, he pleaded guilty to trespassing after being charged for the attempted burglary of a vacant model home with a friend, and was sentenced to probation. In 1975, he was charged with grand theft, again with a friend, for embezzling from a jewelry shop where the friend

masks:
Rick Alan Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Ross
Background Ross
Ross


title: Rick Alan Ross

texts:
 worked.He returned everything, pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to 4 more years of probation, which was terminated early. While he was on probation, he worked for a cousin's car salvage business. During an interview with the New York Daily News in 2004, <mask> said, "I was young and foolish and made mistakes that I deeply regret. I did whatever the court required, completed my probation in 1979, and the guilty verdicts were vacated in 1983. I have gone on with my life and never again got in that kind of trouble." <mask> became concerned about extremist organizations in 1982 when he learned that a fringe religious group had encouraged missionaries to become employees at his grandmother's nursing home where they were targeting elderly residents for conversion to Messianic Judaism. According to <mask>, the missionaries were threatening Jewish residents, many of whom had survived persecution in Europe, that they would burn in hell if they didn't convert.Outraged, <mask> brought this to the attention of the home's director and of the local Jewish community and campaigned to have the group's activities stopped. Career
Following the incident at his grandmother's nursing home, <mask> continued his involvement in the organized Jewish community and worked with the Jewish Federation of Greater Phoenix to write a brochure on the cult phenomenon in Arizona. This led the Union for Reform Judaism to appoint <mask> to two national committees focused on cults and inter-religious affairs and he also volunteered as a lecturer and researcher for the denomination. In 1983, <mask> started working for Jewish Family and Children's Services (JFCS) in Phoenix as the coordinator for the Jewish Prisoners Program, which he founded. His work in the prison system covered social services for

masks: Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross


title: Rick Alan Ross

texts: Jewish inmates, advocating for their religious rights, and providing education regarding hate groups. In addition, he chaired the Coalition of Jewish Prisoners Programs, the umbrella organization for an international group of human services agencies providing assistance to Jewish inmates and their families. He also served on the religious advisory committee for the Arizona Department of Corrections and was later elected as its chairman.From his work in the prison system, <mask> discovered that prisoners were a prime target for cult groups and through his role on the religious advisory committee, he helped develop a policy on proselytizing to inmates. He also worked for Phoenix Bureau of Jewish Education, designing a curriculum and teaching about destructive cults. In 1986, <mask> left JFCS to become a full-time private consultant and deprogrammer. In this capacity, he worked with the Cult Awareness Network (CAN). In 1989, the CBS television program 48 Hours covered <mask>'s deprogramming of a 14-year-old boy, Aaron Paron, a member of the Potter's House Christian Fellowship. According to his mother, when she distanced herself from the church, Aaron began viewing her as "possessed by the devil"; he became suicidal and ran away from home, refusing to leave the organization. Aaron's mother had made multiple calls to the police and, prior to filming, Potter's House entered into an agreement that they would not have contact with or harbor the minor, entice him away from his mother, attempt to influence his behavior, or take any action that would interfere with his mother's parental rights.The program focused on <mask>'s efforts to persuade the boy to view Potter's House as "a destructive Bible-based group" which took control of its members' lives. According to a review

masks: Ross Ross Ross Ross


title: Rick Alan Ross

texts:
 in The New York Times, the 48-hour intervention apparently persuaded Aaron that his mother was not possessed by the Devil and that Potter's House was not what it seemed. In a closing scene filmed three weeks later, Aaron's psychologist assured his mother that Aaron was "back in the land of the living now". Waco siege

In 1987, <mask> deprogrammed two former members of the Branch Davidians in upstate New York, and in 1988 began receiving calls about the Davidian group led by David Koresh in Waco, Texas. <mask> was the only deprogrammer to work with Branch Davidian members prior to the 1993 siege at Waco. The CBS television network hired <mask> as an on-scene analyst for their coverage of the Waco siege and he was consulted by the FBI as well. Criticism of government agencies' involvement with <mask> has come from Nancy Ammerman, a professor of sociology of religion, who cited FBI interview notes which stated <mask> "has a personal hatred for all religious cults".She further stated the BATF and the FBI did rely on <mask> when he recommended that agents "attempt to publicly humiliate Koresh, hoping to drive a wedge between him and his followers". Other scholars of religion also criticized <mask>' involvement. Jason Scott deprogramming

<mask> faced unlawful imprisonment charges over a 1991 forcible deprogramming of United Pentecostal Church International member Jason Scott, whose mother was referred to <mask> by the CAN. <mask> was acquitted of these charges by the jury at trial. Scott later filed a civil suit against <mask>, two of his associates and CAN in federal court. In September 1995, a nine-member jury unanimously held the defendants liable for conspiracy to deprive Scott of his civil rights and religious liberties. In addition, the jury held that <mask> and

masks: Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross


title: Rick Alan Ross

texts:
 his associates (but not CAN) "intentionally or recklessly acted in a way so outrageous in character and so extreme in degree as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency and to be regarded as atrocious and utterly intolerable in a civilized community."The case resulted in an award of 875,000 in compensatory damages and punitive damages in the amount of 5,000,000 against <mask>, 1,000,000 against CAN, and 250,000 against each of <mask>'s two other co-defendants. The case bankrupted the CAN, and a coalition of groups that were attacked by the CAN bought its assets, and ran a new version of the CAN which become active in religious freedom causes. According to Eugene Gallagher, the Scott case marked a watershed for non-traditional religions in North America. Scott later reconciled with his mother, who had originally hired <mask> to deprogram him. Scott terminated his lawyer, Kendrick Moxon, a prominent Scientologist attorney, and was persuaded by his mother to settle with <mask>. Under the terms of the settlement, the two agreed that <mask> would pay Scott 5,000 and provide 200 hours of his professional services. According to the book American Countercultures, <mask> and others forwarded the notion that charismatic leaders were able to brainwash college-aged youths, and that such cases were in need of forcible removal from the cult environment and deprogramming.In a book that <mask> self-published in 2014, he wrote that after the Scott case he stopped involuntary deprogramming work with adults, advising against such interventions with adults because of the risk of legal consequences. Website
<mask> started a website with his archives in 1996. Launched under the name "Rick A. Ross Institute for the Study of Destructive Cults, Controversial Groups, and Movements", it

masks: Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross Ross


title: Rick Alan Ross

texts:
 displayed material on controversial groups and movements and their leaders, including Charles Manson, Jim Jones, David Koresh, as well as the Westboro Baptist Church on which <mask> had been collecting data since 1993. Content from the website and <mask>' opinion surrounding it has been cited in books such as Andrew Breitbart and Mark Ebner's Hollywood, Interrupted in which <mask> is quoted as forwarding the notion that Hollywood and the entertainment industry is rife with connections to controversial groups, and that celebrities as role models may influence people by their endorsement of such groups. According to Ann E. Robertson, the Institute "is an unusual source of considerable information about rather obscure groups". In April 2004, NXIVM sued unsuccessfully against the Institute in NXIVM Corp. v. Ross Institute, claiming copyright infringement. In June 2004, Landmark Education filed a 1 million lawsuit against the Institute, alleging that the Institute's online archives damaged Landmark Education's product.In December 2005, Landmark Education filed to dismiss its own lawsuit with prejudice, purportedly on the grounds of a material change in case law after the publication of an opinion in another case, Donato v. Moldow, regarding the Communications Decency Act of 1996. The website was renamed in 2013 as the "Cult Education Institute for the Study of Destructive Cults, Controversial Groups and Movements", published under an educational nonprofit corporation of the same name. Other activities
By 2004, <mask> had handled more than 350 deprogramming cases in various countries  and testified as an expert witness in several court cases. He has also contributed to a number of books, including a foreword to Tim Madigan's See no Evil and a chapter to Roman Espejo's


title: Rick Alan Ross

texts:
 Cults: Opposing Viewpoints. In 2014, <mask> self-published the book Cults Inside Out. The book has been translated into Chinese and Italian. References

External links

 Profile at The Cult Education Institute
 How would you define a Destructive Cult?- Cult Education Institute Videos with <mask> <mask> - 4

1952 births
Living people
Writers from Cleveland
American adoptees
American religious writers
Exit counselors
Critics of Falun

masks:
Ross
Rick Alan
Ross


title: Vassula Rydén

texts:
<mask> (born January 18, 1942) is an author, public speaker, and self-proclaimed Christian mystic living in Switzerland who says she receives messages from Jesus Christ and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Her writings frequently call for people "to repent, love God, and unify the churches." She has developed a large following, particularly among Roman Catholics, who come to her lectures and buy her writings and tapes. She writes the messages in English, and has changed some writings between editions. In 1995, the Catholic Church's Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF), led by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, published a Notification (a message from the Holy See) on the writings of Rydén, saying her communications should not be considered supernatural, and calling all Catholic bishops to prevent Rydén's ideas from being spread in their dioceses. In 2007, Cardinal William Levada confirmed that the 1995 Notification was still in effect; he recommended that Catholics should not join prayer groups organized by Rydén. In 2011, the Greek Orthodox Church officially disapproved of Rydén's teachings, instructing their faithful to disassociate from Rydén.In 2012, the Church of Cyprus said that Rydén's teachings were heretical. Early life
<mask> was born Vassiliki Claudia Pendakis on January 18, 1942, in Heliopolis on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt, the daughter of Greek Orthodox parents established in Egypt. Ryden says that from the age of six, she experienced waking dreams and nightmares that she attributed to Satan who was trying to kill her. When she was 10–12 years old, she had waking dreams of a spiritual marriage with Jesus Christ, as Blessed Virgin Mary was looking on. <mask> started school in Egypt, and then at the age of 15, she emigrated with her family to Europe. She painted and competed in tennis. During her late teens, she said she was surrounded upon occasion by the spirits of dead people, who she said were asking her to help them.None of her childhood or teenage mystical

masks:
Vassula Rydén
Rydén
Rydén


title: Vassula Rydén

texts:
 experiences resulted in a personal religious transformation, and <mask> went on to live a fairly secular life indifferent to religion. In November 1966, she married a Lutheran man in the city of Lausanne, Switzerland, at a Greek Orthodox Church. Her husband was a student who obtained a position with the United Nations after graduation. The couple had two sons together. Because of the husband's job, the family lived in various places in Asia and Africa. From 1966 to 1980, <mask> kept up an active social life. She did not practice any particular religion.The couple was divorced in Sweden in November, 1980. On June 13, 1981, she married her current husband, <mask>, a Swedish Lutheran who had been working for the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) in Mozambique. He took a new position with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) department of the United Nations in Lesotho from 1981 to 1983, then worked again for SIDA from 1984 to 1987 in Bangladesh. Rydén modeled as a hobby, and painted in oils. She also competed in tennis, once winning the women's doubles in a national tournament in Bangladesh. On October 31, 1990, the Rydéns celebrated their existing union in the Greek Orthodox Church in Lausanne. Writings

In November 1985 when Rydén was living in Bangladesh, Rydén says she experienced an extraordinary sensation when writing a grocery list, a list of cocktail party expenses, or a list of errands.Rydén says she suddenly experienced a light electrical feeling in her right hand and at the same time, an invisible presence. She was unable to open her hand, nor lift her arm. She said "an invisible force pushed my hand. I was not afraid, I do not know why." She says she permitted her hand to be guided and that she wrote a line in a very different style from her own with the words: "I am your guardian Angel and my name is Daniel." Rydén says that this guardian Angel prepared her for three months to become a conduit of spiritual messages. After a few

masks:
Rydén
Rydén
Per Rydén


title: Vassula Rydén

texts: weeks of such training, Rydén says she had a vision and message from Jesus Christ.Rydén has also received messages from what she says is the Devil. An evil presence has moved her hand to write, sometimes making her write sensible words. She says that Jesus taught her to discern which spirits were engaging her in the writing of messages, and that the Devil's hand thus became recognizable to her. After six months of receiving messages, Rydén says she was directed by her guardian angel to find a local American priest named James "Jim" Fannan and tell him about her experiences. First, though, she encountered a German priest named Karl who said she was mentally imbalanced and should consult a doctor. After several more visits from Rydén, Karl summoned Fannan and the two priests watched Rydén at times when she says she received messages. Fannan's initial response was that the messages were not from God but were some evil spirit.Fannan instructed Rydén to refuse the messages. Distraught, <mask> went home and asked her guardian angel for guidance about Fannan; she says that God told her "I will bend him." In early 1987, Fannan told Rydén to speak with the priest Raymond Dujarrier. Preparing to travel to Dujarrier, Rydén says she received an evil message: "A liar was guiding you, collect everything and burn it." Seconds later, Rydén says she felt the presence of God who guided her hand to write: "I will be with you till the end, we are united forever; let My Light shine on you child; I am Yahweh guiding you; glorify Me by loving Me..." Dujarrier assessed the messages as "Divine Revelations of the Heart", and he told Rydén they were given to her to benefit others. After Dujarrier's positive evaluation, Fannan changed his mind and became Rydén's first ardent supporter in the Catholic church. He served as her spiritual adviser, occasionally traveling with her to introduce her to new groups.In August 1987, Rydén's husband began working for the International Union for Conservation of


title: Vassula Rydén

texts: Nature (IUCN), and the <mask> family moved to Switzerland. Rydén showed her messages to various Roman Catholic and Orthodox priests in Switzerland but met with little support. At Fannan's urging, in June 1988 Rydén visited the city of Medjugorje in Bosnia and Herzegovina, to learn more about Our Lady of Medjugorje—the apparition of the Virgin Mary which appeared to six children there. In November 1988, Rydén was directed by her guardian angel to publish a book of the collected messages, and to conduct prayer meetings once a month. Theologian and sociologist Patrick de Laubier became interested in Rydén's messages, and introduced her to French Mariologist Father René Laurentin in August 1989. Laurentin and Fannan were both in the Marian Movement of Priests, a group of priests who studied modern apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Rydén is best known for a collection of nearly 2,000 of these messages published worldwide in many languages as True Life in God.She adheres to the idea that she has been called to transmit to the world the messages she receives. However, Rydén has never published the first ten months' worth of received messages. In 1993, Laurentin said that Rydén planned to publish the first messages. In 1995, Dominican theologian Father François-Marie Dermine, a Canadian-born priest serving as exorcist for the diocese of Bologna, Italy, wrote that Rydén said that she burned the early messages because there were too many, and they were loose scraps, not bound in a notebook. Dermine says that this destruction of the first messages is suspicious, as there would normally be heightened reverence held for them, if they were messages from angels and Jesus. Rydén wrote in 1995 that she destroyed or discarded the first messages. Rydén says that prior to writing the messages, she had never studied catechism or theological formation.Rydén believes that God chose her, a "spiritual zero" before the revelations began, so as to leave no doubt that it is His power at work. She


title: Vassula Rydén

texts: stated that: "Jesus wanted a nothing... in order to prove that I have not invented all this and that it comes from Him. He said it in a message: 'All you have comes from Me and is My Work and not yours. Without Me, you are unable to even wink your eyes-so abandon yourself to Me.'" Rydén's first "handwritten" edition of True Life in God was produced in 1990 by Catholic publisher Editions O.E.I.L. of Paris, with a foreword written by Fannan. In 1991, the organization called Trinitas was formed to typeset Rydén's writings and publish them in many languages.In September 1991, Mariologist Father Philip Pavich was given a copy of <mask>'s original messages complete with deletions and modifications showing how <mask> and an editorial assistant had modified the messages for publication. Pavich circulated a critical comparison showing the changes made from the original notebooks to the handwritten edition of True Life in God. Associates of Rydén questioned her; she responded by saying that the deleted text was "taken out with God's guidance." She explained that she keeps two notebooks: a private one filled with original messages, and a public one containing material rewritten from the private notebook. Dermine wrote in 2008 that the deleted material includes failed prophecies, and disappointments in <mask>'s life, such as the Virgin Mary telling Rydén in June 1988 that she would arrange a meeting between Rydén and Marian Movement of Priests founder Stefano Gobbi—a meeting that never happened. Rydén asked American Jesuit Father Mitchell Pacwa to review her messages, so he studied the first five volumes of handwritten messages. Pacwa sent his critique to Father Michael O'Carroll, one of <mask>'s spiritual advisors, who said that Pacwa ought to refrain from publishing his findings, and implied divine retribution otherwise.Pacwa had determined that Rydén's own confused interpretation of the Trinity was echoed in the messages she received, showing that it was <mask> making the messages.

masks: Rydén Rydén Rydén Rydén Rydén


title: Vassula Rydén

texts:
 Pacwa published his criticism in August 1993, arguing that Rydén and her messages both confused the roles of God the Father, God the Son (Jesus), and the Holy Spirit. Rydén had written in her own hand the explanatory note, "Jesus in this whole passage mentions the Father Himself as the Son and the Holy Spirit showing the action and the presence of the Holy Trinity," which Pacwa said demonstrated a "muddled, if not heretical" understanding of the Trinity. Pacwa listed many similar instances in the received messages of the Son and the Father being intermixed and confused in a manner not in keeping with Roman Catholic or Orthodox Catholic teaching. Years later, Dermine described the reaction of O'Carroll as typical of the Rydén organization's response to criticism—a demonization of any who oppose Rydén. Rydén's messages are believed by her followers to have been prophetic. The Holy See instructs Catholics that the messages should be considered Rydén's personal meditations, and not divine revelations.Handwriting

Rydén supporters claim that graphological analysis of the handwriting that Rydén says she produces as dictation shows elements of resisting or being forced and that this is evidence of external spiritual control. In Skeptical Inquirer magazine in 2011, longtime investigator Joe Nickell compared Rydén's "messages" to alleged communications from Jesus to other women claiming revelations and wrote, "the contrived handwriting, the linguistic lapses, and the indications of fantasizing all suggest that <mask> Ryden is not in touch with supernatural entities but is simply engaging in self-deception that in turn deceives the credulous. Her automatic writings therefore are not works of revelation but simply of pious imagination." Nickell says that Rydén's personal misspellings and linguistic errors are identical to those claimed to be written as Jesus, God, Mary, her own invisible "guardian angel, Daniel," and Satan, and all seem to have the same hand writing and grammar.


title: Vassula Rydén

texts: prevent the dissemination of Ryden's ideas in their dioceses and "invites all the faithful not to regard Mrs <mask> Ryden's writings and speeches as supernatural". In 1996, Belgian theologian Joseph Moerman criticized an attack made by Laurentin on those who had been speaking out against Rydén. Moerman said that Laurentin's defense of Rydén included unwarranted caricaturization of CDF leaders, and unsupported positive analysis of her writings. Moerman said that Rydén's writings could not be directly from Jesus because of inconsistencies within them, and because of differences between the style of known mystics writing in a state of religious ecstasy and Rydén's writings performed in "normal lucidity". In November 1996, the CDF issued a press release, stating that the Notification "retains all its force" and "was approved by the competent authorities and will be published in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis, the official organ of the Holy See".It instructed Catholics "not to regard the messages of <mask> Ryden as divine revelations, but only as her personal meditations". In 1999, the Argentine organization Servicio Para el Esclarecimiento en Sectas (Foundation S.P.E.S. ), formed to investigate new religious movements and sects, published a two-part bulletin critical of <mask> and her followers, authored by Mónica de López Roda. De López Roda described how Rydén's mission appeared to be the unification of all Christian churches under a non-hierarchical ecumenicism; a spiritual Christianity devoid of doctrinal differences. She said that the positive words from Rydén provoked division among Christians because of questions about whether the messages were fake. De López Roda named supporters such as Archbishop Emmanuel Milingo and Father René Laurentin who reportedly questioned the directives of the 1995 Notification by the Holy See. In September 2005, the spokesman for the Catholic Church in Scotland warned people against going to Rydén's conference in Edinburgh.Referring to the 1995

masks: Vassula Vassula Rydén


title: Vassula Rydén

texts:
 teachings and instructed all Orthodox Christians not to associate with her. The Ecumenical Patriarchate "denounce[d] from the Mother Church" <mask> and her organization, "True Life In God", and refused "ecclesiastical communion" to those involved. The Synodical Committee for Matters of Heresy of the Church of Cyprus announced on January 13, 2012, that Rydén's "teachings are heretical, and her claims that she communicates directly with Christ are fantastical and outside of the spirit of the experience of our Church." Lawsuit against critical website

In 2002, Maria Laura Pio, a former follower of Rydén's teachings, published a website critical of Rydén. The website hosted a collection of documents and interviews that were critical of Rydén's teachings. Niels Christian Hvidt cited the website in his book Christian Prophecy: The Post-Biblical Tradition.In May 2012 the website was closed because of the threat of legal action from <mask>'s attorneys, who argued that the term "Vassula" was trademarked, that a website named "infovassula" must belong to Rydén. Pio announced on 3 May 2012, "I am going to close the website at the end of May and unfortunately, since I do not have the means financially nor mentally to face another lawsuit, no matter how ridiculous it is, I am constrained to hand over the domain name to Vassula in June 2012." In 2013, the Catholic research group Gruppo di Ricerca e Informazione Socio-Religiosa (GRIS) obtained permission from Pio to remount the critical website under a new domain: www.pseudomystica.info. Activities
In 1998, Rydén's  True Life In God Foundation initiated the Beth Myriam (Mary's House) project to feed the poor. Rydén has made speaking appearances a Buddhist Temple in Hiroshima, Japan in 1999, in Benin, Africa in 2000, and at a Christian Unity conference "United in Christ" at Namur, Belgium in 2009. References

External links
True Life in God, Ryden's website

1942 births
20th-century Christian mystics
Living people
Visions of Jesus and

masks: Rydén Rydén


title: Branislav Andjelić

texts:
<mask> (; born 1959) is a Serbian Internet pioneer, economist and politician. He established the first Serbian Internet portal, the first Serbian e-commerce site and the first Serbian Internet news service. As a close associate of then Serbian Prime-Minister Zoran Đinđić, he established and managed the first Serbian government agency in charge of the Internet. Biography

Background and early career
<mask> was born in Belgrade, Serbia (then Yugoslavia). His father died when he was seven and he and his younger sister Jasmina were raised by their mother. To help out with the family finances, he started working as a photographer's assistant while still in the eighth grade. By the eleventh grade Branislav had a thriving wedding photography business with his friend Milovan Mišić.He volunteered teaching younger children photography at the local community center and received Nikola Tesla Award for his efforts. In 1977 he received one of the two scholarships awarded annually by the Yugoslav Government and American Field Service to complete his senior year in the United States, where he graduated from the University Lake School in 1978. Andjelic returned to Belgrade to study journalism at the University of Belgrade, but after completing three years with honors left for financial reasons. He worked as a procurement officer for the World Bank/IMF in Belgrade, translator on the military chemical complex in Iraq, commercial manager for the construction company in Kenya, site manager for a port project in Libya and marketing manager for the electrical contractor in Belgrade. During all this time <mask> worked as a journalist in parallel. In 1986 he won an award with his senior colleague Dragan Milosavljević for a TV documentary about the atrocities committed by the Okello government in the Uganda's Luwero triangle. Moving abroad
In 1987 Andjelic was posted by a Serbian magazine to Washington, D.C.He decided to go back to school in parallel and in 1991 he graduated in economics from the University of the District of Columbia. He was an early adopter of the Internet technology, having the dial-up account since 1990 with the Software Tool

masks:
Branislav Andjelić
Branislav Andjelić
Branislav


title: Branislav Andjelić

texts:
 and Die Company, the first Internet service provider in the world. In 1991 <mask> moved to Boston to join his friend Miroslav Radić in an IT startup company. The company provided early web design, as well as satellite connectivity in the remote parts of the world. Combining his economics and IT expertise <mask> also consulted in business process reengineering and technology introduction in medium-sized companies in the area. beograd.com
In 1995 <mask> moved to Toronto where he established a startup Internet company. During that time Internet was cut off to Serbia, and <mask> and his friend from Belgrade Nenad Ćosić devised a way to allow Serbian entities to have an Internet presence by uploading content through the plain old telephone lines to the site beograd.com hosted in Canada.The first clients were Yugoslav Drama Theatre, Megatrend School, Belgrade Library and Democratic Party, but the list quickly grew. In 1996 when the access to Internet was again possible in Serbia, beograd.com hosted the first censorship-free forum for the Serbian opposition and a mirror site for the student protest then held against Milošević government in Belgrade. During the food and essentials shortage in Serbia in 1997, as no money transfers were possible, <mask> and Ćosić established a fully automated e-shop on beograd.com through which Serbian expatriates could purchase goods using credit cards for delivery to their friends and relatives in Serbia. The services later added included airline ticketing, a bookshop and medical services in Serbia. When NATO attacked Serbia in 1999, <mask> and Ćosić organized a news service on beograd.com which reported live through hundreds of stringers in the field. Spotters in NATO bases in Europe reported when planes took off, so readers of the site had extra time to prepare for the attack. Stringers in the field all over Serbia reported damage before any other news outlet, often as it happened, which were often quoted by CNN and BBC.AP and Reuters wrote features about the site and hundreds of newspapers around the world picked it up. In May 1999 site reached 9 million hits per day, prompting shut-down due

masks: Andjelić Branislav Andjelić Branislav Andjelić Andjelić


title: Branislav Andjelić

texts:
 to the enormous bandwidth charges. Within a week readers from all over the world sent money and offered mirrors, and the site was back up. In 2000 beograd.com became the first electronic media to be accepted in the South East Europe Media Organisation in Vienna and Andjelić became a member of the International Press Institute. After <mask> returned to Serbia in 2000 beograd.com ceased active operation. Return to Serbia
<mask> returned to Serbia in August 2000, just before the presidential elections and upheaval that toppled Slobodan Milošević. A cabinet-level post was created for him and in June 2001 <mask> was named the first director of the Information Technology and Internet Development Agency.In this position <mask> authored the National Information Society Policy, introduced intellectual property rights regulation and fought against software piracy. He negotiated strategic partnership agreement with Microsoft in the summer of 2001, and with other major ICT companies later that year. Andjelić also begun the process of liberalization in the telecommunication sector. During 2002 he helped reinvigorate eSEE Initiative of the Stability Pact, which culminated in the regional conference in Belgrade where countries of the region signed a pact to work together on the rapid fulfillment of the eEurope goals. Also during 2002 <mask> was named a temporary administrator of the mobile operator "Mobtel" (now Telenor Serbia). In four months he restructured the company effecting savings of 1 million Euro per month and negotiating a 100 million Euro contract for new equipment with Ericsson. Following the assassination of Đinđić, Andjelić went back to private business.He established an information security company and published a magazine "Security". In the fall of 2003 <mask> organized a major regional conference on information security to raise awareness among the policymakers and promote data protection standards. In 2005 <mask> and several of his friends from the Đinđić administration formed Altis Capital, a corporate finance and strategic management advisory firm based in Belgrade. In parallel <mask> went back to school and earned

masks: Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić


title: Branislav Andjelić

texts:
 a master's degree in business from Grenoble Graduate School of Business in 2006. He is currently writing his PhD thesis on valuing companies in transition economies. Humanitarian and activist work
When the civil war in Bosnia started in 1992, <mask> and a group of friends founded Serbian-American Alliance of New England, a humanitarian organization assisting the victims of war in former Yugoslavia. Several hundred tonnes of clothes, canned and dried food and medicine were sent to the war affected area.He also organized a medical air-lift for fifty six wounded children to be treated in the hospitals in the United States. The same year he helped establish Serbian Orthodox Church in Boston, the only region in the United States with Serbian immigrant population that did not have its own house of worship. During this time <mask> was also active in trying to change the United States policy towards Serbia. His letters and opinions appeared in the Boston Globe, The New York Times and the Foreign Affairs among others, and he actively lobbied the members of Congress to support opposition to Milošević. <mask> was also involved in the strategic national security issues, particularly in the 3C+I area and he volunteered as a part of the team that formulated the National Security Strategy for the Union of Serbia and Montenegro. In 2001 he joined the Atlantic Council, an ATA member organization, where he is a member of the board. He is active in promoting NATO membership for Serbia and a quick accession to the EU.Legal problems
In January 2006 <mask> was arrested by the government of the Prime-Minister Koštunica, a key antagonist of the former prime-minister Đinđić, for the "misuse of official powers" while being temporary administrator of the mobile operator "Mobtel". As of April 2019 the charges were neither filed nor dismissed, however investigation was not officially closed, effectively removing <mask> from the public life and preventing him from holding any appointments. Notes

1959 births
Serbian politicians
Serbian economists
Internet in Serbia
Businesspeople from Belgrade
Living people
University of the District of Columbia

masks: Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić Andjelić


title: Claudio Reyna

texts:
<mask> (born July 20, 1973) is an American former professional soccer player and current sporting director of Austin FC. A former midfielder, he was the captain of the United States men's national team before retiring from international soccer following the 2006 FIFA World Cup. He is widely considered one of the greatest players the United States has ever produced. <mask> last played for New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer, where he was team captain. Early life
<mask>'s father Miguel moved to the United States in 1968 from Argentina, where he had gone through the youth system of Independiente and played professionally with Los Andes. He settled in Springfield Township, Union County, New Jersey in the 1970s, married a Portuguese American woman, Maria Silva, and raised a family. <mask> was born in Livingston, New Jersey, where he learned the game from his father.Club career

Early career
In New Jersey, <mask> became a youth player at Saint Benedict's Preparatory School, as a teammate of Gregg Berhalter and Robert Ducey. He graduated from St. Benedict's in 1991. During <mask>'s three years with the team, St Benedict's went undefeated (65–0) while <mask> was named as the only two-time Parade Magazine's national high school Player of the Year and the Gatorade National Player of the Year. In 1999, he was named by The Star-Ledger as one of the top ten New Jersey high school soccer players of the 1990s. Highly recruited out of high school, <mask> elected to attend the University of Virginia from 1991 to 1993 on a full scholarship. While at Virginia, he spent three seasons on the men's soccer team, coached by future U.S. national team coach Bruce Arena. The Cavaliers won the NCAA Championship each of his three seasons.On an individual level, <mask> won the Hermann Trophy in 1993 and the MAC Award in 1992 and 1993; and was named the 1992 and 1993 Soccer America Player of the Year. In 2000, the magazine placed him on its Team of the Century and named him the Male Player of the Century. Bayer Leverkusen and

masks:
Claudio Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna


title: Claudio Reyna

texts:
 VfL Wolfsburg
On August 8, 1994, <mask> signed with German Bundesliga club Bayer 04 Leverkusen after playing in the 1994 FIFA World Cup. He had difficulty finding playing time with the Leverkusen first team, making only five appearances. Leverkusen loaned <mask> to fellow Bundesliga side VfL Wolfsburg in July 1997. He quickly established himself in Wolfsburg's first team where he became the first American to captain a European club. He was halfway through his second year with Wolfsburg when Scottish Premier League club Rangers expressed an interest in <mask>.Rangers
On April 1, 1999, Rangers paid $826,400 to Wolfsburg and $2.76 million to Leverkusen for Reyna. <mask> would remain with Rangers until December 2001. Despite building his reputation in Germany and on the national team as a creative midfielder, he spent most of his years at Rangers playing right midfield. He scored thirteen goals for the Ibrox club in all competitions, one of the most notable was a strike that proved decisive over Italian club Parma for qualification for the 1999–2000 UEFA Champions League. Sunderland
From Rangers, he transferred to Premier League side Sunderland, who paid £2.85 million for his services. In October 2002, he injured the anterior cruciate ligament in his knee, keeping him out of action for the rest of the 2002–03 season. Manchester City
<mask> joined Manchester City on August 29, 2003, for £2.5 million after a move on the same fee to Fulham collapsed.<mask>'s time at City was frequently punctuated by injury, restricting him to thirty appearances in his first season with the club, and causing him to miss six months of the 2004–05 season. In three and a half seasons at the City of Manchester Stadium, <mask> made 87 appearances, scoring four goals and was a popular player with City supporters. On January 11, 2007, Manchester City manager Stuart Pearce announced that the club had agreed to terminate <mask>'s contract with a view to a move to Major League Soccer for family reasons. This was finalized on January

masks: Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna


title: Claudio Reyna

texts:
 23, 2007. New York Red Bulls
On January 24, 2007, <mask> signed with New York Red Bulls, where he rejoined his former University of Virginia and U.S. national team head coach Bruce Arena. However, much like his years in Britain, <mask> was almost constantly bothered by injuries. He only played in twenty-seven games during two years with New York and only six games in 2008 as he rehabilitated a herniated disc.<mask> announced his professional retirement on July 16, 2008.

International career

As a U.S. national player, <mask> got his first cap against Norway on January 15, 1994. He was a member of the team at the 1994 FIFA World Cup, but did not play due to injury. <mask> did play in the 1998, 2002 and 2006 FIFA World Cups. In 2002, despite sitting out the opening 3–2 upset win over Portugal due to injury, he was a key contributor in the next three U.S. games — a tie against South Korea, a loss to Poland, and a win over CONCACAF rival Mexico. In the quarterfinals, the U.S. lost to eventual runner-up Germany. He became only the third American ever (after Bert Patenaude and John Souza) named to the World Cup all-tournament team. In 2006, <mask> again captained the U.S. at the World Cup in Germany.Trailing 1–0 in the opener against the Czech Republic, <mask> fired a 30-yard shot that bounced off the post, the best American chance in the game. In the final group game against Ghana, <mask> suffered a sprained medial collateral ligament when he lost the ball to Haminu Draman who then dribbled in alone and scored Ghana's first goal. On June 23, 2006, the day after the U.S. was eliminated from the World Cup, <mask> announced his retirement from the national team. He ended his international career with 111 caps and eight goals. <mask> also represented the U.S. at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona and at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. In Great Britain, he was occasionally referred to as Captain America because of his status as captain of the U.S. national team. Other roles

New York City

masks: Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna Reyna


title: Claudio Reyna

texts:
 FC
On May 22, 2013, <mask> was appointed Sporting Director of MLS expansion team New York City FC.New York City FC made the conference semifinals four of the five years that <mask> was the Sporting Director. Between 2016 and 2019, New York City FC accumulated 231 points, the most of any team in the league during that time. <mask> left the club in November 2019. Austin FC
On November 21, 2019, <mask> was named Sporting Director of another MLS expansion team, Austin FC. <mask> led the club in its 2021 inaugural season with his former US national team teammate, Austin FC head coach Josh Wolff. Personal life
<mask> married Danielle Egan, then a member of the United States women's national soccer team, in July 1997, one week after attending the FIFA All-Star Game in Hong Kong and two weeks after the U.S. team's World Cup qualifier at El Salvador. They have had four children: Jack (1999–2012), Giovanni (born 2002), Joah-Mikel, and Carolina.Giovanni, named after former Rangers teammate Giovanni van Bronckhorst, has achieved great success playing in the New York City FC development academy, and joined Borussia Dortmund's academy in November 2018. Jack, Reyna's eldest child, died of brain cancer in 2012. The family resides in Bedford, New York. <mask> now spends much of his time managing the <mask> Foundation, his non-profit established to provide soccer training and mentoring to underprivileged youth around the nation and abroad. <mask> was elected to the National Soccer Hall of Fame on February 29, 2012. <mask> speaks fluent English and Spanish, as well as conversational in German. Career statistics

International goals
Scores and results list the United States' goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Reyna goal.Honors
Rangers
 Scottish Premier League: 1999–2000
 Scottish Cup: 1999–2000

Individual
 Hermann Trophy: 1993
 Fútbol de Primera Player of the Year: 2000
 FIFA World Cup All-Star Team: 2002
 Soccer America College Team of the Century

See also
 List of men's footballers with 100 or

masks:
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Reyna
Claudio Reyna
Claudio
Reyna


title: John P. Bankhead

texts:
<mask> (1821–1867) was an officer in the United States Navy who served during the American Civil War, and was in command of the ironclad  when it sank in 1862. He went on to command three other ships. Early life
<mask> was born on August 3, 1821, at Fort Johnson on James Island, South Carolina. His father was General <mask>, a brigadier general who distinguished himself in the Mexican–American War. His mother was <mask>. <mask>'s family were prominent citizens from both Virginia and South Carolina. As the Civil War approached secession badly divided his family as it did with so many others in these states.<mask>'s two brothers, Henry C., a regular army officer who also sided with the Union and <mask>, a lawyer in Memphis, Tennessee, who joined the Confederate army became a colonel. Major General <mask> Magruder was a cousin who left the Union and served under the Confederate flag. Military career
<mask> entered the navy in August 1838 at the age of 17. His first ship was the frigate , and his early career was spent with the Coast Survey in the Carolinas. He was promoted to passed midshipman on 20 May 1844. While in Vera Cruz during the Mexican–American War, <mask> served under his father. He was later promoted to  master on 8 May 1851 and lieutenant on 7 April 1852.After the Confederates fired on Fort Sumter and President Lincoln's declaration of a blockade, <mask> was ordered to ,{{efn|Also spelled as Susquahanna'}} a side-wheel steamer carrying fifteen guns launched in 1850. In August Susquahanna participated in the joint army-navy expedition to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. On August 28 the Union naval force, including Susquahanna, bombarded the forts guarding

masks:
John Pyne Bankhead
John Payne Bankhead
James Monroe Bankhead
Ann Smith Pyne
Bankhead
Bankhead
Smith Pyne
John Bankhead
Bankhead
Bankhead
Bankhead


title: John P. Bankhead

texts:
 Hatteras Inlet as troops landed. The following day the bombardment continued until the forts finally surrendered. <mask> criticized the way the attacks were carried out and later wrote Captain Gustavus Fox, the Assistant Secretary of the Navy and an old shipmate, that the forts could have been taken in much less time:

Had a boat been sent in to take soundings and a few buoys placed at the commencement of shoal waters,the squadron could have gone in close and finished the whole matter up in a few hours instead of two daysand saved to the Government money, tons of shot and shell which were literally thrown away...

<mask> was later stationed on  and was sent to Charleston, South Carolina, for blockade duty, where his years with the coast survey were put to good use. On May 15 <mask> was assigned to USS Pembina and which was ordered to join the blockading force off Charleston. Pembina was assigned to this important blockading station because of her shallow draft, which was necessary for this inshore duty.On May 16 Pembina arrived off Charleston and <mask> was ordered by the senior officer present, Commander <mask>. Marchand, to determine if the water over the bar at the entrance to the Stono River was deep enough to allow his warships to cross over. Throughout the summer of 1862, <mask> remained on blockade duty near Charleston. <mask> was promoted to commander on July 16, 1862, and in the middle of August Pembina was ordered to New York for repairs. Flag Officer <mask> wrote a letter on <mask>'s behalf to Captain Gustavus Fox, Assistant Secretary of the Navy, requesting that he be transferred to an ironclad vessel. <mask> was given Monitor and took command from

masks:
Bankhead
Bankhead
Bankhead
Bankhead
John B
Bankhead
Bankhead
DuPont
Bankhead
Bankhead


title: John P. Bankhead

texts:
 Thomas Stevens on September 10, 1862. Command of USS Monitor

<mask> was sent to New York in the beginning of September with Pembina for needed repairs to the vessel. He was recommended by Flag Officer <mask> for command of Monitor to which Secretary Fox complied.Upon arriving in New York, <mask> received orders to take command of Monitor. He was then sent to Hampton Roads and upon arrival relieved Commander Stevens on September 10. Shortly after the change of command, a board of survey condemned the ironclad's engines and boilers and recommended that they be extensively overhauled and on October 3, 1862, the ironclad arrived at the Washington Navy Yard for repairs. For approximately six weeks the vessel remained in Washington's Navy yard while her bottom was scraped clean of barnacles and other sea foul while the engines and boilers were overhauled and the entire vessel cleaned and painted, and a number of improvements made, including an iron shield around the top of the turret. She was taken out of drydock on October 26. By November the ship was fully repaired and outfitted and ready to return to service at Hampton Roads.Still, 1988, p. 67

Orders were issued on December 24, 1862, for Monitor to move to Beaufort, North Carolina, to join  and . There the ship would join the blockade off Charleston.On Christmas Day Monitor was ready for sea, but because of stormy weather and rough seas the departure was delayed until 29 December. The actual orders were received on Christmas Day as the crew were celebrating the holiday aboard Monitor at Hampton Roads in what was described as a most merry fashion while many other celebrations were occurring along the shore. Bankhead

masks: Bankhead DuPont Bankhead


title: John P. Bankhead

texts: paid the ship's cook one dollar to prepare a meal for the crew befitting the day, however it was received with mixed opinion. That day, Monitor was made ready for sea, her crew under strict orders not to discuss the impending voyage with anyone. but bad weather delayed her departure until 29 December. While the design of Monitor was well-suited for river combat, her low freeboard and heavy turret made her highly unseaworthy in rough waters. Monitor put to sea on December 31, under tow from , when a heavy storm developed off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.Using chalk and a blackboard, <mask> wrote messages alerting Rhode Island that if Monitor needed help she would signal with a red lantern. On December 31, 1862, a storm hit seas off Cape Hatteras, and Monitor, under tow by Rhode Island. Monitor was soon in trouble as the storm increased in ferocity, large waves splashing over and completely covering the deck, flooding into the vents and ports. She began rolling uncontrollably in the high seas. Sometimes she would drop into a wave with such force the entire hull would tremble. Leaks were beginning to appear everywhere. <mask> ordered the engineers to start the Worthington pumps, which temporarily stemmed the rising waters, but soon Monitor was hit by a squall and a series of violent waves and water continued to work its way into the hull.When the Worthington pump could no longer control the flooding, a call came from the engine room that water was gaining there. Realizing the ship was in serious trouble, <mask> signaled Rhode Island for help and hoisted the red lantern next to Monitors white running light atop the turret. He then called for volunteers and ordered the

masks: Bankhead Bankhead Bankhead


title: John P. Bankhead

texts: towline cut and the anchor dropped to stop the ship's rolling and pitching, with little effect, making it no easier for the rescue boats to get close enough to receive her crew. Acting Master Stodder, along with crewmates <mask>, and James Fenwick volunteered and climbed down from the turret, but eyewitnesses said that as soon as they were on the deck Fenwick and Stocking were quickly swept overboard and drowned. Stodder managed to hang onto the safety lines around the deck and finally cut through the  towline with a hatchet. At 11:30 p.m. <mask> ordered the engineers to stop engines and divert all available steam to the large Adams centrifugal steam pump; but with reduced steam output from a boiler being fed wet coal it too was unable to stem the rapidly rising water.Broadwater, 2012, p. 13 After all steam pumps had failed, <mask> ordered some of the crew to man the hand pumps and organized a bucket brigade, but to no avail. Despite a prolonged and desperate rescue effort, Monitor was finally overwhelmed, foundered and sank approximately  southeast off Cape Hatteras with the loss of sixteen men, including four officers, some of whom remained in the turret and went down with the ironclad.A total of forty-seven men were rescued by the life boats from Rhode Island.Holloway, 2013, pp.7-8  <mask> survived the ordeal and was the last man to abandon the ship, but suffered from exposure. After his initial recovery, <mask> filed his official report, as did the commanding officers of the Rhode Island, stating officers and men of both Monitor and Rhode Island did everything within their ability to keep Monitor from sinking. The Navy did not find it necessary to commission a

masks:
John Stocking
Bankhead
Bankhead
Bankhead
Bankhead


title: John P. Bankhead

texts:
 board of inquiry to investigate the affair and took no action against <mask> or any of his officers. Command of USS Otsego
After surviving the ordeal with the loss of Monitor during the fall and early winter months of 1863–1864, <mask> recovered slowly. He finally requested active duty in January 1864 and on February 3 was given command of the new double ender side-wheel gunboat . The ship was commissioned in the spring and reached Hampton Roads by 24 May 1864. Otsego was assigned to the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron with her station to be the North Carolina sounds.On June 21 <mask> was given command of Union naval forces in the sounds. His major responsibility was capturing or destroying the Confederate ironclad ram  up the Roanoke River. In April Confederate troops assisted by Albemarle had seized and were now occupying Plymouth, North Carolina, a few miles up the Roanoke. On 5 May Albemarle descended the river and attacked Union gunboats in the sound in an engagement that lasted nearly three hours. The Confederate vessel, badly damaged and in need of repairs, returned to Plymouth. Throughout the summer months it was feared that she would again attempt to enter the sounds and <mask>, with Otsego and four additional gunboats, guarded the river's mouth. Sometime in the late summer he was detached from Otsego, probably because of poor health.Command of USS Wyoming
 was transferred to the Asiatic Squadron, and <mask> was promoted to captain on 25 July 1866 and remained in command until 1867, when due to poor health he requested to be relieved of duty. He died on April 27, 1867, off Aden on the Bengal steamer Simla, on his way home to the United States. <mask>

masks: Bankhead Bankhead Bankhead Bankhead Bankhead Bankhead


title: Michael Scheuer

texts: <mask><mask> (pronounced "SHOY-er"), (born 1952) is an American former intelligence officer for the Central Intelligence Agency, blogger, author, commentator and former adjunct professor at Georgetown University's Center for Peace and Security Studies. One assignment during his 22-year career was serving as Chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station (the Osama bin Laden tracking unit at the Counterterrorism Center, known as "Alec Station") from 1996 to 1999. He also served as Special Advisor to the Chief of Alec Station from September 2001 to November 2004. <mask> became a public figure after being outed as the anonymous author of the book Imperial Hubris (2004), in which he criticized many of the United States' assumptions about Islamist insurgencies and particularly Osama bin Laden. Later in 2004, shortly after the "outing" of Scheuer's harsh criticism of America's close alliance with Israel, <mask> resigned from his position at the CIA. In his book, <mask> depicted bin Laden as a rational actor who was fighting to weaken the United States by weakening its economy, rather than merely combating and killing Americans. <mask> challenges the common assumption that terrorism is the threat facing the United States in the modern era, arguing rather that Islamist insurgency (and not "terrorism") is the core of the conflict between the U.S. and Islamist forces, who in places such as Kashmir, Xinjiang, and Chechnya are "struggling not just for independence but against institutionalized barbarism."Osama bin Laden acknowledged the book in a 2007 statement, suggesting that it revealed "the reasons for your losing the war against us". In February 2009, <mask> was fired from his position as a senior fellow of the Jamestown Foundation by the foundation's president. In December 2013 and January 2014, <mask> was criticized for seeming to advise American citizens to seriously consider assassinating U.S. President Barack Obama. In September 2014, in addition to earlier "praise" received from Al-Qaeda, the Islamic

masks:
Michael F
. Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer


title: Michael Scheuer

texts:
 State issued a press release quoting Scheuer in order to appeal to an American audience. By 2019, <mask> was endorsing QAnon conspiracy theories and advocating violence against various perceived enemies of Donald Trump, including former president Barack Obama, whom <mask> falsely claimed was "Kenya-born." Biography
<mask> was born in Buffalo, New York, and graduated from Canisius College with a B.A in History in 1974. He went on to earn an M.A.in American History from Niagara University in 1976 and another M.A. in American Canadian Relations from Carleton University in 1982. He also received a Ph.D. in British Empire–U.S.–Canada–U.K. relations from the University of Manitoba in 1986. <mask> served in the CIA for 22 years before resigning in 2004. He was chief of the Bin Laden Issue Station at the CIA's Counterterrorism Center from 1996 to 1999, and worked as Special Adviser to the Chief of the bin Laden unit from September 2001 to November 2004. He is now known to have been the anonymous author of both the 2004 book Imperial Hubris: Why the West is Losing the War on Terror and the earlier anonymous work Through Our Enemies' Eyes: Osama bin Laden, Radical Islam, and the Future of America.After his anonymously published books were publicly associated with his name, he was mentioned by Osama bin Laden in his statement of September 7, 2007. According to bin Laden, "If you want to understand what's going on and if you would like to get to know some of the reasons for your losing the war against us, then read the book of <mask> in this regard." After leaving the CIA in 2004, <mask> worked as a news analyst for CBS News and a terrorism analyst for the Jamestown Foundation's online publication Global Terrorism Analysis. He made radio and television appearances and taught a graduate-level course on Al-Qaeda at Georgetown University. He also participates in conferences on terrorism and national security issues, such as the New America Foundation's December 2004 conference, "Al Qaeda 2.0: Transnational

masks:
Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer
Michael Scheuer
Scheuer


title: Michael Scheuer

texts:
 Terrorism After 9/11." In 2009, <mask> reported that he had lost his position as a Senior Fellow with the Jamestown Foundation, after "several major financial donors to Jamestown threatened to withdraw funding" if he continued in that role. The funding threats were pursuant to his criticism of Barack Obama's "dancing the Tel Aviv two-step" in allegedly kowtowing to the Israeli lobby, as well as <mask>'s disdaining of Obama's selection as Chief of Staff of Rahm Emanuel, "a U.S. citizen who during the 1991 Gulf War left America to serve in Israel's military."Publications

Through Our Enemies' Eyes
His first book, published anonymously, is an analysis of the public discourse available on al-Qaeda's ideology and strategy. In it, <mask> explores the bin Laden phenomenon and its implications for U.S. security. He began the book in 1999 as an unclassified manual for counterterrorism officers. Due to the secrecy agreement he signed as an employee of the CIA, the book is based solely on unclassified intelligence or material available from open sources such as media reports. His main thesis in the work is that the view of bin Laden as a lunatic is a form of "myopia" that limits Western military thinkers' ability to respond to the bin Laden phenomenon. He writes that "the West's road to hell lies in approaching the bin Laden problem with the presumption that only the lunatic fringe could oppose what the United States is trying to accomplish through its foreign policy toward the Muslim world. Bin Laden's philosophy is slowly harnessing the two most powerful motivating forces in contemporary international affairs: religion and nationalism."[T]he crux of my argument is simply that America is in a war with militant Islamists that it cannot avoid; one that it cannot talk or appease its way out of; one in which our irreconcilable Islamist foes will have to be killed, an act which unavoidably will lead to innocent deaths; and one that is motivated in large measure by the impact of U.S. foreign policies in the

masks: Scheuer Scheuer Scheuer


title: Michael Scheuer

texts:
 Islamic world, one of which is unqualified U.S. support for Israel. Imperial Hubris

In his second book, Imperial Hubris, a New York Times bestseller, <mask> writes that the Islamist threat to the United States is rooted in "how easy it is for Muslims to see, hear, experience, and hate the six U.S. policies bin Laden repeatedly refers to as anti-Muslim:
 U.S. support for apostate, corrupt, and tyrannical Muslim governments. U.S. and other Western troops on the Arabian Peninsula. U.S. support for Israel that keeps Palestinians in the Israelis' thrall. U.S. pressure on Arab energy producers to keep oil prices low. U.S. occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan. U.S. support for Russia, India, and China against their Muslim militants."<mask> contends that Al-Qaeda is following a martial strategy that is more rational than it is given credit for among Western politicians and media. He cites Clausewitz's dictum that one must strike one's enemy's "center of gravity", and pairs it with an al-Qaeda writer's assertion that "the American economy is the American center of gravity". In a videotape released around September 7, 2007, Osama bin Laden stated, "If you want to understand what's going on and if you would like to get to know some of the reasons for your losing the war against us, then read the book of <mask>." Marching Toward Hell
<mask>'s book Marching Toward Hell: America and Islam After Iraq was published on February 12, 2008. It details how the 2003 Iraq War has affected Al-Qaeda and the United States. He argues that the instability in the Iraq War has benefited Al-Qaeda without serving any U.S. interests. Views

War on Terror
<mask>'s views emphasized the danger of Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda, as well as the ineffectiveness of U.S. policy against these imminent threats.The threat to the United States, Scheuer has consistently maintained, continues to grow, and the U.S. continually fails to grasp the nature of the struggle in which it is engaged: Islamist and anti-American sentiment continue to

masks:
Scheuer
Scheuer
Michael Scheuer
Scheuer
Scheuer


title: Michael Scheuer

texts:
 grow around the world, and the bin Laden movement is aimed, not at killing or conquering Americans or reforming their internal political systems, but rather bankrupting them in order to reduce their worldwide influence and thereby liberate Muslims from the yoke of American political, military, and financial influence. The failure of the U.S. to apprehend this threat is, in part, rooted in a misunderstanding and underestimation of Osama bin Laden himself. To Scheuer, Osama bin Laden's "beliefs, goals, and intentions" were

carefully chosen, plainly spoken, and precise. He has set out the Muslim world's problems as he sees them; determined that they are caused by the United States; explained why they must be remedied; and outlined how he will try to do so. Seldom in America's history has an enemy laid out so clearly the basis for the war he is waging against it. <mask>'s criticism of U.S. foreign policy includes a sweeping condemnation of the invasion of Iraq, which he has characterized as a "Christmas present" to Osama bin Laden's Islamist recruitment efforts, and a validation of bin Laden's claims that the U.S. is at war with Islam. From his personal involvement in background research in the run-up to the war, <mask> states that "there was no connection between [Al Qaeda] and Saddam."U.S. rhetoric about bin Laden having allegedly "hat[ed] freedom" has also irked <mask>, who suggests that those "willing to give their lives to destroy the dictatorship in Saudi Arabia ... must want freedom in some kind of way." This erroneous rhetoric, according to Scheuer, is not only to be found in the media and among politicians, but even in the 9/11 Commission Report, in which bin Laden and his followers were identified "as takfiris, who kill Muslims if they don't agree with them. They're not takfiris. They're just very devout, severe Salafists and Wahhabis." The insistence on referring to al-Qaeda and the Islamist movement around it as a terrorist group or terrorist movement has also been a mistake,