title: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

texts: breakup of the friendship between <mask> and Courbet. During the 1870s and much of the 1880s, he lived with his model-mistress Maud Franklin.Her ability to endure his long, repetitive sittings helped <mask> develop his portrait skills. He not only made several excellent portraits of her but she was also a helpful stand-in for other sitters.<mask> had several illegitimate children, of whom Charles Hanson is the best documented. After parting from his mistress Joanna Hiffernan, she helped to raise <mask>'s son, <mask> <mask> Hanson (1870–1935), the result of an affair with a parlour maid, Louisa Fanny Hanson. By his common law mistress Maud Franklin <mask> had two daughters: Ione (born circa 1877) and <mask> <mask> Franklin (born 1879). She sometimes referred to herself as 'Mrs. <mask>',  and in the census of 1881 gave her name as 'Mary M<mask>'. In 1888, Whistler married Beatrice Godwin, (who was called 'Beatrix' or 'Trixie' by Whistler).She was the widow of the architect E. W. Godwin, who had designed <mask>'s White House. Beatrix was the daughter of the sculptor John Birnie Philip and his wife Frances Black. Beatrix and her sisters Rosalind Birnie Philip  and Ethel Whibley posed for many of Whistler's paintings and drawings; with Ethel Whibley modeling for Mother of pearl and silver: The Andalusian (1888–1900). The first five years of their marriage were very happy, but her later life was a time of misery for the couple, due to her illness and eventual death from cancer. Near the end, she lay comatose much of the time, completely subdued by morphine, given for pain relief. Her death was a strong blow Whistler never quite

masks:
Whistler
Whistler
Whistler
Whistler
Charles James
Whistler
Whistler
Maud McNeill
Whistler
Whistler
. Whistler
Whistler


title: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

type: original

texts:
 overcame. Legacy

<mask> was inspired by and incorporated many sources in his art, including the work of Rembrandt, Velázquez, and ancient Greek sculpture to develop his own highly influential and individual style.He was adept in many media, with over 500 paintings, as well as etchings, pastels, watercolors, drawings, and lithographs. <mask> was a leader in the Aesthetic Movement, promoting, writing, and lecturing on the "art for art's sake" philosophy. With his pupils, he advocated simple design, economy of means, the avoidance of over-labored technique, and the tonal harmony of the final result. <mask> has been the subject of many major museum exhibitions, studies, and publications. Like the Impressionists, he employed nature as an artistic resource. <mask> insisted that it was the artist's obligation to interpret what he saw, not be a slave to reality, and to "bring forth from chaos glorious harmony". During his life, he affected two generations of artists, in Europe and in the United States.Whistler had significant contact and exchanged ideas and ideals with Realist, Impressionist, and Symbolist painters. Famous protégés for a time included Walter Sickert and writer Oscar Wilde. His Tonalism had a profound effect on many American artists, including John Singer Sargent, William Merritt Chase, Henry Salem Hubbell and Willis Seaver Adams (whom he befriended in Venice). Another significant influence was upon Arthur Frank Mathews, whom Whistler met in Paris in the late 1890s. Mathews took <mask>'s Tonalism to San Francisco, spawning a broad use of that technique among turn-of-the-century California artists. As American

masks: Whistler Whistler Whistler Whistler Whistler


title: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

texts:
 critic Charles Caffin wrote in 1907:

He did better than attract a few followers and imitators; he influenced the whole world of art. Consciously, or unconsciously, his presence is felt in countless studios; his genius permeates modern artistic thought.During a trip to Venice in 1880, <mask> created a series of etchings and pastels that not only reinvigorated his finances, but also re-energized the way in which artists and photographers interpreted the city—focusing on the back alleys, side canals, entrance ways, and architectural patterns—and capturing the city's unique atmospherics. In 1940 <mask> was commemorated on a United States postage stamp when the U.S. Post Office issued a set of 35 stamps commemorating America's famous Authors, Poets, Educators, Scientists, Composers, Artists, and Inventors: the 'Famous Americans Series'. The Gilbert and Sullivan operetta Patience pokes fun at the Aesthetic movement, and the lead character of Reginald Bunthorne is often identified as a send-up of Oscar Wilde, though Bunthorne is more likely an amalgam of several prominent artists, writers, and Aesthetic figures. Bunthorne wears a monocle and has prominent white streaks in his dark hair, as did <mask>. <mask> was the favorite artist of singer and actress Doris Day. She owned and displayed an original etching of <mask>'s Rotherhithe, and two of his original lithographs, The Steps, Luxembourg Gardens, Paris and The Pantheon, from the Terrace of the Luxembourg Gardens. The house in which <mask> was born is now preserved as the Whistler House Museum of Art.He is buried at St Nicholas Church, Chiswick. <mask> achieved worldwide

masks:
Whistler
Whistler
Whistler
Whistler
Whistler
Whistler
Honors Whistler


title: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

texts:
 recognition during his lifetime:

1884, elected an honorary member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Munich. 1892, made an officer of the Légion d'honneur in France. 1898, became a charter member and first president, International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers. A statue of <mask> <mask> by Nicholas Dimbleby was erected in 2005 at the north end of Battersea Bridge on the River Thames in the United Kingdom. Gallery

Auction records
On October 27, 2010, Swann Galleries set a record price for a Whistler print at auction, when Nocturne, an etching and drypoint printed in black on warm, cream Japan paper, 1879–80 sold for $282,000. See also
John Wharlton Bunney
Western painting

Notes

References

Snodin, Michael and John Styles.Design & The Decorative Arts, Britain 1500–1900. V&A Publications: 2001.

.
Spencer, Robin (1994). Whistler. London: Studio Editions. .

Primary sources

<mask>, <mask> McNeill, The Gentle Art of Making Enemies (3rd ed, Puttnam, New York, 1904

Further reading
Bendix, D M (1995). Diabolical Designs:  Paintings, Interiors and Exhibitions of <mask> Whistler. Washington D.C. The Smithsonian Institution Press. .

Curry, David Park (1984).<mask> <mask> at the Freer Gallery of Art. New York: W. W. Norton and Freer Gallery of Art. .
Denker, Eric (2003). Whistler and His Circle in Venice. London: Merrell Publishers. .
Dorment, R and MacDonald, M. F. (1994). <mask> <mask>. London: Tate Gallery..

Glazer, Lee, et al. (2008).<mask> <mask> in Context. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution..
Glazer, Lee and Merrill, Linda eds. (2013). Palaces of Art: <mask> and the Art Worlds of Aestheticism.

masks:
James McNeill
Whistler
Whistler
James Abbott
James McNeill
James McNeill
Whistler
James McNeill
Whistler
James McNeill
Whistler
Whistler


title: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

texts:
 Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press.  .

Grieve, Alastair (1984). Whistler's Venice. Yale University Press. .
Heijbroek, J. E. and MacDonald, Margaret F. (1997).Whistler and Holland. Rijksmuseum Amsterdam. .
Levey, Mervyn (1975). Whistler Lithographs, Catalogue Raisonne. London: Jupiter Books. Lochnan, Katherine A.(1984). The Etchings of <mask> <mask>. Yale University Press. .
MacDonald Margaret F. (2001).Palaces in the Night: Whistler and Venice. University of California Press. .
MacDonald, Margaret F. ed. (2003). Whistler's Mother, An American Icon. Aldershot: Lund Humphries. .
MacDonald, Margaret F., Galassi, Susan Grace and Ribeiro, Aileen (2003). Whistler, Women, & Fashion. Frick Collection/Yale University. .
MacDonald, Margaret F., and de Montfort, Patricia (2013).An American in London, Whistler and the Thames. London: Philip Wilson Publishers. .
 MacDonald, Margaret F., et al. (2020). The Woman in White Joanna Hiffernan and <mask> Whistler. Washington, D.C.: Freer Gallery of Art and London: Royal Academy of Arts/ Yale University Press.  .
Merrill, Linda (1992). A Pot of Paint; Aesthetics on Trial in Whistler v. Ruskin. Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press. .
Merrill, Linda (1998).The Peacock Room: A Cultural Biography. Washington, D.C.: Freer Gallery of Art / Yale University Press. .
Merrill, Linda, and Ridley, Sarah (1993) The Princess and the Peacocks; or, The Story of the [Peacock] Room. New York: Hyperion Books for Children, in association with the Freer Gallery of Art. .
Merrill, Linda, et al. (2003) After Whistler: The Artist and his Influence on American Painting. Yale

masks:
James McNeill
Whistler
James McNeill


title: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

texts:
 University Press. .
Munhall, Edgar (1995). Whistler and Montesquiou. Paris: Flammarion. .

Petri, Grischka (2011).Arrangement in Business: The Art Markets and the Career of <mask> <mask>. Hildesheim: G. Olms. .
Robins, Anna Gruetzner (2007). A Fragile Modernism, <mask> and his Impressionist Followers. Yale University Press..
Spencer, Robin (1991). Whistler: A Retrospective. New York: Wing Books. .
Stubbs, Burns A. (1950).<mask> Whistler: A Biographical Outline Illustrated from the Collections of the Freer Gallery of Art. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. Sutherland, Daniel E. and Toutziari, G. (2018). <mask> <mask>. Yale University Press..
Thompson, Jennifer A. (2017). "Purple and Rose: The Lange Leizen of the Six Marks by <mask> <mask> <mask> (cat.1112)." In The John G. Johnson Collection: A History and Selected Works, edited by Christopher D. M. Atkins. A Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication. .
Twohig, Edward (2018). Print REbels: Haden – Palmer – Whistler and the origins of the RE (Royal Society of Painter-Printmaker) by Edward Twohig RE. . Published by the Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers in London, in May 2018. Young, MacDonald, Spencer, Miles (1980). The Paintings of <mask> <mask>.Yale University Press.. External links

The Correspondence of <mask> <mask>, Glasgow University Edited by M.F.MacDonald, P.de Montfort, N. Thorp. Catalogue raisonné of the etchings of <mask> Whistler by M.F. MacDonald, G. Petri, M. Hausberg, J. Meacock. <mask> Whistler: The Paintings, a Catalogue Raisonné, University of Glasgow, 2014 by M.F. MacDonald, G. Petri. <mask> Whistler exhibition catalogs
The Freer

masks:
James McNeill
Whistler
Whistler
James McNeill
James McNeill
Whistler
James Abbott
McNeill
Whistler
James McNeill
Whistler
James McNeill
Whistler
James McNeill
James McNeill
James McNeill


title: James Abbott McNeill Whistler

texts:
 Gallery of Art which houses the premier collection of Whistler works including the Peacock Room.An account of the Whistler/Ruskin affair
Whistler House Museum of Art official web site
Works by <mask> <mask> Whistler at University of Michigan Museum of Art
Rudolf Wunderlich Collection of <mask>eill Whistler Exhibition Catalogs at the Smithsonian's Archives of American Art
The Whistler Society, London. Founded 2012. Jennifer A. Thompson, "Purple and Rose: The Lange Leizen of the Six Marks by <mask> McNeill Whistler (cat. 1112)" in The John G. Johnson Collection: A History and Selected Works'', a Philadelphia Museum of Art free digital publication. 1834 births
1903 deaths
19th-century American painters
19th-century male artists
American male painters
20th-century American painters
American etchers
American emigrants to England
American Impressionist painters
American people of Scottish descent
Artist authors
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Artists from Lowell, Massachusetts
Artists from Springfield, Massachusetts
Royal Society of Portrait Painters
Tonalism
Vanity Fair (British magazine) artists
American portrait painters
American people of English descent
Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees
20th-century American printmakers
Neo-Jacobite Revival
Members of the Royal Society of British Artists
Pre-Raphaelite

masks:
James Abbott
McNeill
James McN
James Abbott


title: Jack Collison

texts:
<mask> (born 2 October 1988) is a football coach and former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He is the head coach of Atlanta United 2 in the USL Championship. <mask> began his career with Peterborough United's youth system in 1998, before moving to Cambridge United in 2000, where he stayed for five years. He then moved to West Ham United in 2005 and signed his first professional contract in 2007. Collison played 121 matches and scored 14 goals in seven seasons with the club. After missing a whole year through injury, he spent time on loan at AFC Bournemouth and Wigan Athletic in his final season. He then joined Ipswich Town in 2014, but did not play a single match due to injury, before returning to Peterborough United in 2015 and played in 12 matches.<mask>'s career was ended through injury in 2016 after 147 career matches. He was capped 15 times for Wales. Club career

Early career
Born in Watford, Hertfordshire and raised in Shefford, Bedfordshire, <mask> started out at the local club Shefford Saints as a schoolboy. He moved to Peterborough United, and later Cambridge United, but was forced to find another club when Cambridge announced their disbanding of the youth set-up after being relegated from the Football League, due to financial problems. West Ham United

Early career
After leaving Cambridge United, the 17-year-old was offered a trial with West Ham and impressed Academy director Tony Carr enough to be offered a first year scholarship. <mask> continued his development under Carr and his staff at Little Heath before being made reserve team captain at the start of the 2007–08 season. That summer, the teenager also

masks:
Jack David Collison
Collison
Collison
Collison
Collison


title: Jack Collison

texts:
 featured in pre-season friendlies against Hornchurch and Milton Keynes Dons.He made his first-team debut on 1 January 2008, when he came on as a substitute for the injured Freddie Ljungberg in their 2–0 Premier League defeat away to Arsenal. <mask> was handed his first league start in place of the injured Mark Noble in a 1–0 defeat away to Bolton Wanderers on 11 April 2008. Rise to first-team
<mask> joined the first-team squad on the pre-season tour of North America where he appeared as a 71st-minute substitute for Scott Parker in the 3–1 win over Major League Soccer club Columbus Crew, followed by a 3–2 defeat to the MLS All-Stars. The 2008–09 season began with Collison in Alex Dyer's reserve team, and a loan move to League One promotion-chasers Peterborough had been lined up. However, an impressive substitute appearance in the 2–0 Premier League loss at Manchester United on 29 October coupled by injury problems in the midfield convinced manager Gianfranco Zola that Collison would be better served by remaining at Chadwell Heath and training with the first-team squad. Collison repaid Zola's faith with more solid performances. He scored his first goal for West Ham, an 18-yard strike, on 8 November in a 3–1 defeat at home to Everton, after coming on as a substitute for the injured Matthew Upson to make his home debut.<mask>'s good form earned him praise from Zola, who rewarded the 20-year-old with a new five-year contract extension in December, keeping him at the club until the summer of 2013. On Boxing Day, he scored the equaliser at Portsmouth and had a hand in the next two goals in a 4–1 rout. <mask> scored his third goal of the season,

masks: Collison Collison Collison Collison


title: Jack Collison

texts: the only goal of the match in a 1–0 win at home to Manchester City on 1 March 2009. Although he mostly played in centre midfield during his days in the reserves, he eventually established himself as first-choice on the left side of Zola's midfield diamond. In a 1–0 win away at Wigan Athletic three days later, Collison dislocated his kneecap while attempting to chest down a long ball and was ruled out for six weeks. He returned to the first-team two months later, coming on as an 82nd-minute substitute in a 1–0 win away at Stoke City. On 24 May, he finished the season on a high, by assisting Junior Stanislas to score the winner, in a 2–1 win at home to Middlesbrough.<mask> ended the season having made 24 appearances in all competitions, before being named Young Hammer of the Year by Tony Carr. On 23 August 2009, Collison played 89 minutes of a 2–1 defeat at home to Tottenham Hotspur, before learning that his father had been killed in a motorcycle accident, while travelling to the game. Two days later, he started a League Cup match against Millwall that went into extra time and ended 3–1 to West Ham. His teammates all wore black armbands to show their support. The match also featured a number of pitch invasions and violent clashes between fans outside the ground. After full-time, Collison left the pitch in tears visibly upset. During the post-match interview, manager Gianfranco Zola complimented Collison's character in light of his father's death.After missing most of September's games due to the recurrence of the knee injury suffered at Wigan during the previous season, <mask> returned to training in October and made his comeback on 9

masks: Collison Collison


title: Jack Collison

texts:
 October in a behind-closed-doors friendly against French club Valenciennes and scored one goal. He then marked his return to league action by being named in the starting lineup in a 2–1 defeat away to Stoke City eight days later. Collison scored his first goals of the season in consecutive matches, against Hull City and Burnley. Having not played since Wales' 1–0 defeat to Sweden on 3 March 2010, on 7 May 2010, it was announced that Collison would be out for around nine months after undergoing knee surgery, having never fully recovered from the cartilage damage he suffered in the 2008–09 season. Return from injury and promotion

After 14 months out through injury, Collison made his first-team return in a 1–1 draw with Blackburn Rovers on 7 May 2011. On the opening weekend of the 2011–12 season, Collison came on as a 74th-minute substitute for Mark Noble in a 1–0 defeat at home to Cardiff City. Four days later, Collison committed his future to the football club by signing a new long-term deal with West Ham.On 15 October, <mask> scored his first goal of the season in a 4–0 win at home to Blackpool. After just over a month out of the starting lineup, <mask> returned in the final away game of the season against Leicester City, with West Ham needing to win to ensure the final automatic promotion place would be determined on the final day of the season. With the score at 1–1, Collison hit a 25-yard shot that beat Kasper Schmeichel giving West Ham the points needed. West Ham finished the season in third-place with 86 points, and would enter the Championship play-offs. On 3 May 2012, <mask> scored twice in a 2–0 win away at Cardiff City in the

masks: Collison Collison Collison


title: Jack Collison

texts:
 first leg of the play-off semi-final, before West Ham won the second leg 3–0 to advance to final after a 5–0 aggregate scoreline. He also played the full 90 minutes in the play-off final as West Ham defeated Blackpool 2–1 at Wembley Stadium, securing an instant return to the Premier League. Loans
<mask> signed a one-month loan deal with Championship club AFC Bournemouth on 1 October 2013.He made his debut the same day in a 2–1 defeat away to Leeds United. At the end of October 2013, after playing four games for Bournemouth, <mask> returned to West Ham United. On 18 March 2014, <mask> signed for Championship club Wigan Athletic on loan until the end of the season. Having not played for West Ham in the FA Cup during the 2013–14 season, Collison was not cup-tied. He played for Wigan in their semi-final match against Arsenal at Wembley Stadium on 12 April 2014. After the match ended 1–1 after extra time, Arsenal won the penalty shoot-out 4–2, with <mask> taking the second Wigan penalty which was saved by Arsenal goalkeeper Lukasz Fabianski. Collison was released by West Ham at the end of the 2013–14 season.He had played 121 games in all competitions for West Ham, scoring 14 goals. Ipswich Town and Peterborough United
Collison signed a short-term contract with Championship club Ipswich Town on 26 September 2014 until the end of December. After struggling with injury during his time with Ipswich, by December he had not played for the club and manager, Mick McCarthy, confirmed that Collison's contract would not be renewed. On 29 May 2015, Collison returned to Peterborough United, signing a one-year contract with the League One club. On 3 August,


title: Jack Collison

texts:
 he was named as Peterborough's under-21 team coach, remaining registered as a player. On 13 February 2016, aged 27, Collison retired from playing following persistent knee injuries, having made 12 appearances for the club. International career
Collison was eligible to play for Wales through his maternal grandfather and is related to John Gwilliam, a former captain of the Wales rugby union team.Born and brought up in England, <mask> chose to play for Wales due to his Welsh ancestry. His then-West Ham teammate and former Wales captain Craig Bellamy had alerted Wales youth coach Brian Flynn about Collison's eligibility. After observing the 19-year-old, Flynn named him in the squad to face Bosnia and Herzegovina under-21 in a UEFA European U-21 Championship qualifier. Under-21
In November 2007, <mask> made his debut for the Wales under-21 team in that match and scored in a 4–0 rout. He made further appearances in a 4–2 win over France under-21 on 20 November 2007, and a 4–0 win over Malta under-21 on 5 February 2008, in which he scored Wales' third goal. He was in the squad that narrowly lost to England under-21 in the qualification play-offs and were denied a place in the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship. While in the under-21s, he formed a burgeoning partnership with Aaron Ramsey of Arsenal in central midfield.Senior team
<mask> made his senior debut for Wales in a friendly win away at Iceland on 29 May 2008. Bellamy praised the young midfielder saying, "I've seen him every afternoon at West Ham and he does extra training. If you want to give this career a good go then you get the rewards and that seems to be how <mask> is looking at

masks: Collison Collison Collison Jack


title: Jack Collison

texts:
 it." After the death of <mask>'s father, national team coach John Toshack gave him the choice whether to make himself available for selection. Having played in West Ham's last two games, he declared himself available for the World Cup qualifier against Russia. This match would confirm <mask> as a full Wales international, as his previous six caps all came in friendlies. He did not play, however, as he had to attend his father's funeral, which took place on the day of the match.A calf injury ruled <mask> out of Wales' remaining World Cup qualifying matches. With Collison back to full fitness, Toshack named him in the 23-man squad for the 14 November friendly against Scotland. Collison later withdrew from the squad after picking up a knock during the weekend match against Everton. In November, <mask> was in the final nomination for the Welsh Young Player of the Year award along with Simon Church and Aaron Ramsey. On 6 September 2011, Collison made his competitive debut in the Euro 2012 qualifier against England and put to rest further speculation about his future at the international level. Managerial career
Whilst still only 26 and a player at Peterborough United, <mask> was confirmed as manager of their under-21 team whilst completing his coaching badges. Collison began managing the under-18 team in November 2015, and continued in the role after announcing his retirement from his playing career.On 20 July 2017, it was announced that <mask> had returned to West Ham United as under-16 manager. He left the role in June 2019 to coach at MLS team, Atlanta United. He was named head coach of Atlanta United's Reserve team, Atlanta United 2 on June

masks: Collison Collison Collison Collison Collison Collison


title: Vladimir Cvijan

texts:
<mask> (; 24 November 19765 January 2018) was a Serbian lawyer and politician. From 2004 until 2010, he served as the legal advisor and General Secretary to President of Serbia Boris Tadić. After joining then opposition Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), he became a member of the party presidency and one of the most prominent members. From 2012 until 2014, he served as the SNS member of the National Assembly. Cvijan was later an independent representative in the parliament and an active dissident for a short period until his unnoticed disappearance in 2014. In 2014, Cvijan abruptly disappeared from public life. He died by drowning in the Danube on 5 January 2018 in Belgrade, Serbia, according to the Belgrade Higher Public Prosecutor Office in March 2021.Before that there was no single trace of his fate, except for some tabloid claims that he allegedly fled the country to the United States in 2017. His death was kept hidden from the public for three years, until it was revealed by the media in March 2021. The circumstances and reasons why his death was hidden from the public for so long are still unknown. Biography

Education and law career
Cvijan was born on 24 November 1976 in Belgrade. His father, Mirko, has heritage from Bosnia and Herzegovina but was born in Peć and was a biology professor and Dean of the Faculty of Biology of the University of Belgrade, while his mother Zlatinka is from Kikinda. In 1999 he graduated from the University of Belgrade's Faculty of Law as the best student of his generation. In 2004, he obtained LL.M.in the field of Protection of Intellectual Property Rights and Internet Law at the Faculty of Law in Belgrade. He worked in the Institute for Comparative Law from 2000 to 2004. He was the target of public criticism as the legal representative of Sreten Jocić, better known as Joca Amsterdam, in the trial for the murder of the Croatian journalist Ivo Pukanić. He later withdrew from representing Jocić under public pressure. Cvijan was also the lawyer of Ivan Pavlović Iker, accused of cocaine smuggling.


title: Vladimir Cvijan

texts:
 Administration and political career
From October 2004, he was engaged as a consultant for expert analysis in the field of law for the needs of the cabinet of President Boris Tadić and as the secretary of the Legal Council of the President of Serbia. In February 2008, after Tadić was re-elected president, he was appointed adviser and served as the general secretary of the presidency.He left the staff of the Presidency in March 2010, according to him, due to disagreements over the re-election of judges, and joined the emerging Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) the following month. The vice president of the SNS, Aleksandar Vučić, presented Cvijan as one of the best lawyers in Serbia, the creator of 70 legal proposals, and one of the most recognized legal experts in Europe. <mask> was elected Member of the National Assembly following the 2012 Serbian parliamentary election won by the SNS-led coalition, and was considered a very serious candidate for Minister of Justice. During his time as MP, <mask> served as the President of the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly. In late 2013, he began to oppose the policies of the then Deputy Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić and accused Vučić of abusing the constitution and laws, and setting up scandals for his political opponents. He later filed a criminal complaint against Vučić. On 9 December 2013, <mask> also announced his intention to run for the presidency of SNS.On 18 December 2013 at a meeting of the SNS presidency, Vučić allegedly physically attacked Cvijan. On 30 December 2013, Cvijan left the SNS and resigned from all party functions. He continued to act as an independent MP until his term ended with the calling of an snap election in May 2014. In January 2014, he joined the minor opposition Reformist Party becoming its president, announcing its rebranding as the anti-corruption Republican Party. Shortly after, he disappeared from public life. Disappearance and death
Cvijan's disappearance from public life went largely unnoticed; it was alleged that he had fled to the

masks: Cvijan Cvijan Cvijan


title: Katharine Isabelle

texts:
<mask> (born November 2, 1981), known professionally as <mask>, is a Canadian actress. She has been described as a scream queen due to her roles in various horror films. She started her acting career in 1989, playing a small role in the television series MacGyver. She gained fame for the role of Ginger Fitzgerald in the films Ginger Snaps, Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed, and Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning. In 2014 <mask> was awarded the Fangoria Chainsaw Award for Best Actress for her role as Mary Mason in the Canadian body horror film American Mary. Personal life
<mask> was born on November 2, 1981, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Her parents are Graeme Murray, a production designer who has won two Emmy Awards for work on The X-Files, and Gail Johnson Murray, a writer and producer.Her paternal grandparents and maternal grandfather are from Scotland. Her paternal half-brother is Joshua Murray, a director and former actor. Despite acting in a large number of gorey films and television productions, <mask> is uneasy with the sight of real blood. In 2003, <mask> almost died from a viral infection that caused a lung collapse and kidney failure. She fell into a coma and had to be treated with a ventilator. <mask> made this revelation in 2020, on her Instagram account. Career
<mask> has been credited under several stage names during the course of her career.She began her acting career at the age of eight as Katie Murray, playing an episodic role in the television series MacGyver in 1989. Then she continued to act in small episodic roles in television series and films such as: Cold Front, Immediate Family, The Last Winter, Burning Bridges, Children of the Dust, Salt Water Moose, and Married to a Stranger. <mask> has worked with her half-brother Joshua Murray in Cold Front and The Last Winter. In 1998, she worked with her father Graeme Murray on an episode of The X-Files titled "Schizogeny". In 1998, there were big changes in <mask>'s career when she played Lindsay Clark in

masks:
Katharine Isobel Murray
Katharine Isabelle
Katharine Isabelle
Katharine Isobel Murray
Isabelle
Isabelle
Isabelle
Isabelle
Isabelle
Isabelle


title: Katharine Isabelle

texts:
 the film Disturbing Behavior, where Katie Holmes, James Marsden, and Nick Stahl became her film partners. She first found fame with the role of Ginger Fitzgerald in the film Ginger Snaps, directed by John Fawcett; actress Emily Perkins became her co-star in the film as Brigitte Fitzgerald. Casting took place in Los Angeles, New York, Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver.<mask> auditioned on the same day as Perkins at their agency in Vancouver, reading to one another off-camera. Screenwriter Karen Walton said that they were exactly as she had pictured the characters when their taped auditions had arrived. The film tells how during the filming of an amateur horror film, the two sisters find themselves in the clutches of a huge monster, from the bites of one of the sisters on the body, there are strange wounds that heal quickly and suspiciously. From this point on, real problems begin for young heroines, the progress of development of which the viewer follows with intense attention. What Culture said:

Obsessed with death and morbidity, and afraid of adulthood, Ginger Fitzgerald, portrayed by <mask> <mask> of American Mary fame, only gets worse when she's bitten by a lycanthrope and the transformation into a wolf begins. She gradually becomes aggressive and over-sexualised, loses her relationship with her sister, grows pointy teeth and sprouts hair in really weird places. She even grows a tail that she actually attempts to cut off.It takes a big set of cojones to try to cut off any body part. Ultimately though, the film is interesting because it examines the dichotomy between Ginger's humanity and her animalistic side. Jessica Roakes of The Toast also mentions the metaphorical nature of the character saying "Ginger’s body has betrayed her by menstruating. This is a key tenet of the body-horror genre — the monstrous comes not just from the outside, but from within the human body, from infection or perversion or unwanted biological functions. In Ginger’s case, it is her

masks: Isabelle Katharine Isabelle


title: Katharine Isabelle

texts:
 metamorphosis from girl to woman that renders her monstrous." The actress also portrayed Ginger in the sequel Ginger Snaps 2: Unleashed (2004) and the prequel Ginger Snaps Back: The Beginning. Two years later, <mask> appeared in the film Insomnia.In this detective thriller directed by Christopher Nolan, the actress played along with Al Pacino, Robin Williams and Hilary Swank. In 2012, <mask> starred in the horror film twins Jen and Sylvia Soska American Mary. American Mary premiered at the London FrightFest Film Festival on 27 August 2012. It received a limited theatrical run in the U.S. on 31 May 2013 and became available on video on demand on 16 May 2013. This role brought her many awards at various horror film festivals, including the "Fangoria Chainsaw Awards". In 2008, <mask> received the Gemini Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Featured Supporting Role in a Dramatic Program or Mini-Series for her role in The Englishman's Boy. She later reunited with Perkins in Another Cinderella Story where they played the daughters of Jane Lynch's character.Cooperation with the gothic sisters continued in 2014 when <mask> played a major role in their 2006 horror sequel, See No Evil 2. Later, she played a major role in the thriller Primate. In 2015, the film 88 starred <mask>, after she played a cameo role in the film The Girl in the Photographs. Also, she played a small role in the short film Iteration 1 and one of the main roles in the action film Countdown in 2016. In 2019, <mask> was cast as Vera Stone in the Netflix horror-drama series, The Order. Filmography

Film

Television films

Television

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Actresses from Vancouver
Canadian child actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Best Supporting Actress in a Television Film or Miniseries Canadian Screen Award

masks: Isabelle Isabelle Isabelle Isabelle Isabelle Isabelle


title: George Philip (cartographer)

texts:
<mask> (1800–1882) was a cartographer, map publisher and founder of the publishing house George Philip & Son Ltd.

Family
<mask> was born in Huntly, Aberdeenshire, to a staunchly Calvinist family. In 1819 <mask> travelled to Liverpool where his brother Robert, who was a nonconformist minister, lived. Here <mask> made his home and in 1819 <mask> became assistant to the Liverpool bookseller, William Grapel. In 1834, <mask> set up his own business as a bookseller and stationer in Paradise Street, Liverpool. He rapidly expanded the business by producing books, particularly educational works and maps. Within his first year of trading to keep up with demand he had to move his business into larger premises at the Atlas Buildings in South Castle Street. <mask> and his wife Jane had a daughter Jane (born 1827) and one son, <mask> (1823–1902).In 1848, <mask>. was admitted as a partner into the family publishing business now called George Philip & Son Ltd.

George Philip & Son Ltd.
During the early 1840s <mask> opened and ran a bookseller's and stationer's shop in South Castle Street, Liverpool, and it was during this period he laid the foundations for building and expanding his publishing empire from which he would eventually amass a substantial fortune. His son <mask>. (1823-1902), along with his nephew Thomas Dash <mask> (1829-1913), and <mask>'s daughter Jane Jr. (who served behind the counter), assisted him in the shop at South Castle Street. Both <mask>. and Thomas would, in time, head the family-run business. In 1851 the England Census shows <mask> senior and his family resided in a grand town house at 21 Great George Square, Westside, situated

masks:
George Philip
George Philip
George
George
George
Philip
George
George
George Jr
George Philip
George Jr
Philip
Philip
George Jr
George Philip


title: George Philip (cartographer)

texts: in Liverpool's prestigious and affluent Georgian quarter. <mask>'s nephew Thomas Dash <mask> was also living with the family. The Philip's also employed two live-in servants to assist <mask>'s wife Jane with the day-to-day running of the household. In 1856, George Philip & Son Ltd opened a house at 32 Fleet Street, London, where they sold their geographical and educational publications.They would later also occupy the premises next door at numbers 31 and 30 Fleet Street. In 1859, the company took over the extensive pile known as Caxton Buildings in South John Street, Liverpool, which became the company's headquarters in the city. With the establishment of their printing works in Caxton Buildings, new power-driven machinery gave the company the capacity to increase production. <mask> used cartographers such as John Bartholomew the elder, August Petermann, and William Hughes to produce maps on copper plates. <mask> then had these printed and hand-coloured by his women tinters. By the time he produced his county maps of 1862 he was using machine coloured maps produced on power-driven lithographic presses. 'His maps ranged from the expensive Imperial Library Atlas (1864) to an atlas costing as little as 3d.and, although the bulk of his production was for the commercial, and particularly the educational market, he also produced important scientific maps, notably of North America, especially the Arctic and Pacific Northwest, and of the West Indies. The firm supplied atlases, geographical and history books, school textbooks, and an array of educational books and equipment. The company also produced textbooks for overseas countries, starting with

masks: George Philip George Philip Philip


title: George Philip (cartographer)

texts: an atlas for Australian schools in 1865 and for New Zealand in 1869. The demand from board schools, established after 1870, enabled further expansion in the market for general textbooks, school stationery, atlases and wall maps, etc <mask> also employed many noted writers including the geographer and historian John Francon Williams who wrote, compiled and edited many books for the company from 1881 over a 20-year period. In 1867, a descriptive account of Philip Son & Nephew, based at Atlas and Victoria Buildings, 45-51 South Castle Street, Liverpool, was written up in the book Liverpool of Today, The Maritime Metropolis of the World, published by Historical Publishing Company. ‘This well-known emporium may be aptly designated the great Liverpool depot for all the aids to learning, mental instruction, and useful knowledge. It would be superfluous for us to say anything in praise of an establishment, which has been universally recognized as the leading house of its class in the provinces.In addition to the extensive premises in South Castle Street the firm have a wholesale warehouse, occupying the whole of Caxton Buildings in South John Street, which is carried on under the style of George Philip and Son, paper manufacturers, wholesale, export, and manufacturing stationers. This is a noble pile of buildings, five stories in height. An idea of the extent of the business done here may be gathered from the fact that over 300 hands are employed on the premises. The firm manufacture account books of every description and undertake to make them to order. Their general stock is very large and in great variety. Philip Son and Nephew have classified


title: George Philip (cartographer)

texts: up in superior style throughout, and arranged with every regard for the comfort and convenience of visitors. The firm have opened a showroom on the ground floor of the premises for the sale of school books and school stationery, and another portion of the building is devoted to school furniture of every description, maps, diagrams, and wall prints, and the other sections of the establishment are judiciously sub-divided, so that there is a separate department for each class of goods. A large and intelligent staff of assistants (about forty in number) are employed. The firm have issued a series of tourist and travelling maps, and maps and road books for cyclists, and they keep in stock guide books to all parts of the world.The business in South Castle Street was established in 1835, and its growth has kept pace with the increase and prosperity of Liverpool. The firm also have a very large and flourishing establishment at 32 Fleet Street, London, EC, which is carried on under the style of George Philip & Son.' In 1879 <mask> senior retired from the business to his country home The Retreat, in Bickley, Kent. Three years later on 3 October 1882, <mask> senior died at Huntly House, Lilley Road, Fairfield, Liverpool, at the home of one of his executors, the merchant James Askins Crowe. <mask> senior is buried alongside his wife Jane at Toxteth Park Cemetery (general section M, grave 40). <mask>’s estate upon his death was valued at £95,102 5s. 6d (the equivalent in 2018 to £11 million +).In October 1882 <mask> Jr. took over as head of the company. By this time the family firm had expanded to such a degree that <mask> Jr. now ran three companies;

masks:
George Philip
George Philip
George Philip
George Philip
George Philip
George Philip


title: George Philip (cartographer)

texts:
 George Philip & Son Ltd, Philip and Company Ltd, based in South John Street, Liverpool, and Philip, Son and Nephew, based in South Castle Street, Liverpool. Over the following 20 years the companies continued to prosper greatly under the helm of <mask> Jr.

On 30 May 1902, <mask> the younger aged 78 died, leaving an estate valued at £112,314 16s 7d gross (2018 equivalent value would be over £13 million), including the personal net value of £78,914 16s 4d. ‘The funeral of Mr. <mask> (Jr.), who died several days ago at Southport, took place at Smithdown Road Cemetery (renamed Toxteth Park Cemetery) yesterday (3 June 1902). Long resident at Huntley House, Lilley Road, Fairfield, he was the head of the three widely known firms (in the city) of Philip and Co. Ltd (of South John Street), George Philip and Son (of Hope Street), and Philip, Son and Nephew (of South Castle Street). (Among) the chief mourners were Thomas Dash <mask>, T. N. <mask>, <mask> <mask>, <mask> and Joseph Collyer. Amongst the general body of mourners, who included a large number of employees, were Colonel Whitney V.D., Captain J. Macnab R.N.R., and Messrs., T. I. Lloyd, R. Tunnicliffe, J. Fitzgerald, writer John Francon Williams, C. F. Bell, W. A. Webb and John S. Arthur.Thereafter Thomas Dash <mask> took control of the three firms. The RMS Titanic Connection
In Liverpool, apart from Admiralty House, Philip Son & Nephew Ltd were the only company to keep all the Admiralty charts and books. As such, the company had for many years conducted business with the large shipping lines based in the city including White Star Line and Cunard. In 1912, as with other White Star passenger

masks:
George Philip
George Philip
George Philip
Philip
Philip
George Stanley
Philip
George Philip
Philip


title: George Philip (cartographer)

texts:
 including 1 Dee Lane, West Kirby, 34 and later 54 Brows Lane, Formby, and 79 Lord Street, Southport. In 1947, John Keith Stanford, owner of Stanfords bookshop and publishing house in Covent Garden, London, decided to sell the company to George Philip & Son Ltd. In 1949, British Pathé produced Globe Making, a short newsreel that shows the art of making a globe. The black and white film is shot in a globe-making factory described as being "in Willesden" (North West London), and thought to be the George Philip & Son Ltd factory in Victoria Road, North Acton (on the Park Royal industrial estate).In 1955, British Pathé revisited the same North West London factory to shoot Globe Making: How the World is Made, a colour newsreel also showing the art of globe making. The films give a fascinating insight into the art of making a globe by hand. George Philip & Son Ltd operated independently for over 140 years until the company was sold in 1987 to Reed International where it continued to trade as George Philip Ltd. In 1998, following a management buy-out of the Illustrated books division, Philip's became part of the Octopus Publishing Group. Hachette Livre acquired the group in 2001. References

Further reference
 Philip, Son & Nephew files (2 boxes) (1879-1980s) relating to their store at South Castle Street, Liverpool (prior to WWII) and their new store in Liverpool built after WWII. The boxes contain pictures, photographs, biographical details of the <mask> family genealogy, newspaper advertisement cuttings, newspaper articles, letters, shop renovation plans, board meeting minutes, various yearly accounts etc.Held at Liverpool Central Library, 3rd


title: George Philip (cartographer)

texts:
 Floor, research department. The Royal Geographical Society holds an archive relating to George Philip & Son Ltd. The Philip Archive material held by the Society relates mainly to the publishing history of the firm (catalogues, price lists, variant editions, advertising, etc.) Apart from a partial listing made some years ago, the bulk of the material remains un-catalogued. An oil painting of <mask> exists that was housed at George Philip Ltd, 12–14 Long Acre, London, and is now owned by George Philip Properties Group. External links
 National Trust Collections George Philip & Son Ltd.
 A Betts's Patent portable globe by George Philip & Son Ltd. London, circa 1925, consisting of a cloth globe, stitched over a collapsible metal umbrella frame, with eight colour litho printed gores, in its original paper covered cardboard tube produced by George Philip and Son Ltd.
 David Rumsey Map Collection - George Philip & Son Ltd.
 Imperial War Museum, London, George Philip & Son Ltd.
 Philips' Handy Atlas of the Counties of England, 1895

English cartographers
English booksellers
People from Huntly
1882 deaths
19th-century English people
19th-century publishers (people)
1800 births
19th-century cartographers
19th-century English


title: Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough

texts:
Field Marshal <mask>, 1st Viscount <mask>,  (3 November 1779 – 2 March 1869) was an Irish officer of the British Army. After serving as a junior officer at the seizure of the Cape of Good Hope during the French Revolutionary Wars, <mask> commanded the 2nd Battalion of the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot during the Peninsular War. After serving as commander-in-chief of the British forces in China during the First Opium War, he became Commander-in-Chief, India and led the British forces in action against the Marathas defeating them decisively at the conclusion of the Gwalior Campaign and then commanded the troops that defeated the Sikhs during both the First Anglo-Sikh War and the Second Anglo-Sikh War. Early career
Born the son of Lieutenant Colonel <mask> and Letitia <mask>) of Lisnavagh, <mask> was commissioned into the Limerick Militia on 7 August 1793. He transferred to a locally raised regiment on 7 August 1794 and, having been promoted to lieutenant in the 119th Regiment of Foot on 11 October 1794, transferred to the 78th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot on 6 June 1795. He took part in the capture of the Cape of Good Hope in September 1795 during the French Revolutionary Wars and transferred to the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot in December 1795, before being deployed with his regiment in the West Indies and taking part in the expedition to Dutch Guiana in 1799. After returning to England he was promoted to captain in the 2nd Battalion of his regiment on 25 June 1803 and to major in the same battalion on 25 June 1803.Peninsular War
<mask> joined Sir Arthur Wellesley in Spain in January 1809 and commanded the 2nd Battalion of his regiment at the Battle of Talavera, during which he was wounded in July 1809 during the Peninsular War. He also fought at the Battle of Barrosa, where his regiment captured a French Imperial

masks:
Hugh Gough
Gough
Gough
George Gough
Goughbury
Gough
Gough


title: Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough

texts:
 Eagle in March 1811. Promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel on 30 March 1811, he also took part in the Siege of Tarifa in January 1812, the Battle of Vitoria in June 1813 and the Battle of Nivelle, during which he was again badly wounded in November 1813. He was promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant colonel on 25 May 1815, appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 4 June 1815 and appointed a Knight Bachelor on 16 March 1816. Promoted to colonel on 12 August 1819, <mask> became commanding officer of the 22nd Regiment of Foot in County Tipperary where he also served as a local magistrate. He was promoted to major general on 22 July 1830 and advanced to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 18 September 1831. Service in the east

<mask> became General Officer Commanding the Mysore division of the Madras Army in 1837.At the outset of the First Opium War in March 1839 he was appointed commander-in-chief of the British forces in China. He led the assault at the Battle of Canton in May 1841, and having been promoted to the local rank of lieutenant general in India and in China on 18 June 1841, he also led the assault at the Battle of Amoy in August 1841. Advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 14 October 1841 and promoted to the substantive rank of lieutenant general on 23 November 1841, he commanded the British forces at the Battle of Chapu in May 1842 and at the Battle of Chinkiang in July 1842. After the Treaty of Nanking, the British forces were withdrawn and he returned to India. He became a baronet on 1 December 1842 and was promoted to the local rank of full general in India on 3 March 1843. In August 1843 <mask> became Commander-in-Chief, India, and in December 1843 he led the British forces in action against the Mahrattas defeating them decisively at the conclusion of the Gwalior Campaign. He also

masks: Gough Gough Gough


title: Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough

texts:
 commanded the troops at the Battle of Mudki in December 1845, at the Battle of Ferozeshah also in December 1845 and at the Battle of Sobraon in February 1846 during the First Anglo-Sikh War.<mask> was loyally supported by Lord Hardinge, the governor-general, who served under him during these actions. <mask> was elevated to the peerage as Baron <mask> of Chinkiang in China and of Maharajpore and the Sutlej in the East Indies on 7 April 1846. The Second Anglo-Sikh War started in 1848, and again <mask> took to the field commanding in person at the Battle of Ramnagar in November 1848 and at the Battle of Chillianwala in January 1849. He was criticised for relying on frontal assault by infantry rather than using artillery and was replaced as commander-in-chief by Sir Charles Napier but, before news of his replacement had arrived, <mask> achieved a decisive victory over the Sikhs in the Battle of Gujarat in February 1849. He returned to Ireland and was advanced in the peerage as Viscount <mask> of Goojerat in the Punjab and of the City of Limerick on 4 June 1849. He retired from active service later that year and was promoted to the substantive rank of full general on 20 June 1854. <mask> also served as colonel of the 99th Regiment of Foot, as colonel of the 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot and later as colonel of the Royal Horse Guards.In Dublin, he was a member of the Kildare Street Club. He was promoted to field marshal on 9 November 1862. Death and commemoration

He died at St. Helen's, his home in Booterstown, on 2 March 1869 and was buried in Stillorgan. Proposals for a statue to <mask> began in 1869 but were rejected by Dublin Corporation, including sites in Carlisle Bridge, Foster Place and Westmoreland Street. An equestrian statue of <mask> by John Foley was ultimately erected outside the city, in Dublin's Phoenix Park in 1880 but,

masks: Gough Gough Gough Gough Gough Gough Gough Gough Gough


title: Hugh Gough, 1st Viscount Gough

texts:
 after being repeatedly vandalised in the 1940s and 1950s, it was moved to Chillingham Castle in Northumberland in 1990. The inscription reads:

In honour of Field Marshal <mask> <mask>, K.P., G.C.B., G.C.S.I., an illustrious Irishman, whose achievements in the Peninsular War, in China, and in India, have added lustre to the military glory of his country, which he faithfully served for seventy five years. This statue [cast from cannon taken by troops under his command and granted by Parliament for the purpose] is erected by friends and comrades.The cannon referred to were captured by <mask> in China and India and yielded 15 tons of gun-metal for the statue. Family
In June 1807, <mask> married Frances Maria Stephens, daughter of General Edward Stephens. As the 1st Viscount <mask>, he set down a family seat near Gort at Lough Cutra Castle, County Galway, Ireland, when purchased by him in 1852. <mask>'s first cousins included Thomas Bunbury of Lisnavagh, County Carlow, MP for Carlow, and Jane McClintock of Drumcar, mother of the 1st Baron Rathdonnell. References

Sources

Further reading

External links

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1779 births
1869 deaths
People from County Limerick
British Army personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
British Commanders-in-Chief of India
British field marshals
British military personnel of the First Anglo-Sikh War
British military personnel of the First Opium War
British military personnel of the Gwalior Campaign
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Sikh War
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights of St Patrick
Royal Horse Guards officers
1
87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot officers
Knights Bachelor
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Recipients of the Army Gold Cross
Irish knights
Peers of the United Kingdom created by Queen

masks:
Hugh Viscount
Gough
Gough
Gough
Gough
Gough


title: Miriam Neureuther

texts:
<mask> (née Gössner; born 21 June 1990) is a former German biathlete and cross-country skier. She has won an Olympic silver medal in cross-country skiing and two biathlon world championship titles, all in team events. Noted for her fast skiing performances, she won two junior world championship titles in biathlon in 2008 and 2009. Gössner was called up for the Nordic World Ski Championships 2009, where she was part of Germany's cross-country team claiming silver in the 4 × 5 kilometre relay. At the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Gössner won a silver medal in cross-country skiing in the 4 × 5 kilometre relay. She returned to biathlon for the 2010–11 season, achieving three podium finishes in her first complete winter on the Biathlon World Cup tour. At the Biathlon World Championships 2011, Gössner won the gold medal in the women's relay.The following year she defended the world championship title with the German team in the 2012 women's relay. Gössner claimed her first individual World Cup win in December 2012. Personal life
<mask> was born in the German alpine resort town of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria. Her father is German and her mother Norwegian, born in Molde, Norway. Gössner grew up bilingually and is fluent in Norwegian. She originally hoped for a career in alpine skiing, but following an accident during slalom training, in which she lost several teeth and suffered a broken cheekbone, she instead started biathlon at the age of 14. Until 2011, she had been involved in a four-year relationship with German biathlete Simon Schempp.Since 2013 she has been in a relationship with German alpine skier <mask>: in October 2017 she gave birth to the couple's first child, a girl named Matilda. She married <mask> in December 2017. In February 2014 Gössner posed nude for, and appeared on the cover of, the German edition of Playboy. Career

Early career
After

masks:
Miriam Neureuther
Miriam Gössner
Felix Neureuther
Felix Neureuther


title: Miriam Neureuther

texts:
 and IBU races which include the Biathlon World Cup, Biathlon World Championships and the Winter Olympic Games. Overall biathlon record
As of the end of the 2012–13 season, Gössner has competed in 89 Biathlon World Cup events, claiming three individual wins: one pursuit and two sprint races. In team events, she claimed her maiden World Cup win in the 2011 World Championships relay with Germany. Gössner has achieved 34 top ten finishes—38.20 per cent of all the races she has entered. * Results in all UIPMB and IBU World Cup races, Olympics and World Championships. Statistics as of 15 January 2017.''Biathlon Junior/Youth World Championships
Gössner has won two gold medals, as well as one silver and one bronze medal at the Biathlon Junior/Youth World Championships. In 2008, she competed at her first junior world championships when they were held in Ruhpolding, Germany, winning gold as part of the German relay team. One year later in Canmore, Alberta, Canada, Gössner won the pursuit title after claiming the silver medal in the sprint, and she also won bronze in the relay. Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS). Olympic Games
 1 medal – (1 silver)

World Championships
 1 medal – (1 silver)

World Cup

Discipline standings

Team podiums

 1 podium – (1 )

References

External links

 <mask> at the German Customs website

1990 births
Living people
German people of Norwegian descent
Sportspeople from Garmisch-Partenkirchen
Sportspeople from Bavaria
German female biathletes
German female cross-country skiers
Cross-country skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic cross-country skiers of Germany
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Biathlon World Championships medalists
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in


title: Pieter Aertsen

texts:
<mask> (1508 – 2 June 1575), called Lange Piet ("Tall Pete") because of his height, was a Dutch painter in the style of Northern Mannerism. He is credited with the invention of the monumental genre scene, which combines still life and genre painting and often also includes a biblical scene in the background. He was active in his native city Amsterdam but also worked for a long period in Antwerp, then the centre of artistic life in the Netherlands. His genre scenes were influential on later Flemish Baroque painting, Dutch still life painting and also in Italy. His peasant scenes preceded by a few years the much better-known paintings produced in Antwerp by <mask> the Elder. Career

<mask> was born in Amsterdam, and was apprenticed to Allaert Claesz. He later travelled to the Southern Netherlands and took up residence in Antwerp, first with his compatriot Jan Mandijn.<mask> became a member of Antwerp's Guild of Saint Luke. In the official books of the Guild he is recorded as "Langhe Peter, schilder" (Tall Peter, painter). In 1542 he became a citizen (poorter) of Antwerp. <mask> returned to Amsterdam in 1555-56. Subjects and style
After beginning by painting religious works, in the 1550s he developed the painting of domestic scenes in which he reproduced articles of furniture, cooking utensils, and food with great flair and realism. His Butcher's Shop, with the Flight into Egypt (Uppsala, 1551) "has been called the earliest example of Mannerist inversion of still life in Northern painting", showing the "lower" subject matter far more prominently than the subject from history painting. A similar inversion in landscape painting had been developed by Joachim Patinir in Antwerp several

masks:
Pieter Aertsen
Pieter Bruegel
Aertsen
Aertsen
Aertsen


title: Pieter Aertsen

texts: decades earlier when he invented the world landscape.Unlike these, in <mask>'s works the genre material dominates the front of the image, with the history scene, normally religious, easy to overlook in the background. This pictorial technique drew on the paintings of another Antwerp artist, Jan Sanders van Hemessen, whose genre treatments of religious and moral scenes had smaller scenes inset into the background in a similar way. In the Uppsala painting the zones behind the butcher's stall show (from left) a view through a window of a church, the Holy Family distributing alms on their journey, a worker in the mid-ground, with a merry company eating mussels and oysters (believed to promote lust) in a back room behind. The sign at top right advertises the land behind as for sale. The painting offers the viewer a range of options for life, in an allegory on physical and spiritual food. The painting carries the coat of arms of Antwerp, suggesting it was a civic commission, perhaps by the rich Butcher's Guild. Such subjects were mostly painted before about 1560.In the Renaissance, the classical example of the painter Peiraikos, known only from Pliny the Elder, was important in justifying genre and other "low" subjects in painting. <mask> was compared to Peiraikos by the Dutch Renaissance humanist Hadrianus Junius (Adriaen de Jonghe, 1511–1575) in his Batavia, published posthumously in 1588, which compares Aertsen at each point of Pliny's description in a wholly laudatory manner. An article by Zoran Kwak argues that a painting by his son <mask> the Elder (1540–1603), normally called Market Scene with the Journey to Emmaus, which features prominently a half-naked figure who is clearly a

masks:
Aertsen
Aertsen
Pieter Pietersz


title: Pieter Aertsen

texts: cook (with Jesus and his companions as smaller figures behind him), in fact represents a self-portrait in a partly comic spirit, depicted as Peiraikos. Later in life, he also painted more conventional treatments of religious subjects, now mostly lost as during the iconoclasm of the beeldenstorm several paintings that had been commissioned for Catholic churches were destroyed. Several of his best works, including altarpieces in various churches in Amsterdam, were also destroyed during the days surrounding the event known as the Alteratie, or "Changeover", when Amsterdam formally reverted to Protestantism from Catholicism on 26 May 1578 at the start of the Eighty Years' War. One surviving religious work is the Crucifixion in the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp. Aersten's exact formula of still life and genre figures in the foreground, with small scenes from history painting in the background only persisted for the next generation (or two, as Joachim Wtewael painted some similar works), but history paintings with very prominent and profuse still life elements in the foreground were produced by Rubens and his generation, and in the 17th century both Flemish Baroque painting and Dutch Golden Age painting developed important genres of independent still life subjects, which were just occasionally produced in Aertsen's day.Unlike <mask> the Elder, <mask>'s genre figures (especially the women) were mostly depicted idealized with considerable dignity and no effort at comedy, using poses that ultimately derived from classical art. In some cases they appear to have been borrowed from the contemporary court portraiture of artists such as Anthonis Mor. Two unusual individual genre portraits

masks:
Pieter Bruegel
Aertsen


title: Pieter Aertsen

texts:
 (probably not actual individuals) of female cooks in Genoa and Brussels, one full-length and the other in the three-quarter length format devised by Titian for royal portraits, show them holding roasting spits with poultry as if they were Marshall's batons. Legacy
Notable pupils who trained in his workshop included Stradanus and <mask>'s nephews, Joachim Beuckelaer and Huybrecht Beuckeleer. Joachim Beuckelaer continued and further developed <mask>'s style and subject matter of painting. Personal life
He married Kathelijne Beuckelaar, the daughter and sister of an Antwerp painter and aunt of Joachim Beuckelaer and Huybrecht Beuckeleer. Of the couple's eight children, three sons, <mask>, Aert, and Dirk became successful painters.Notes

References
Falkenberg, R. L. (1995), "<mask>, Rhyparographer", 1995
Falkenberg, R. L. (1988), Iconographical connections between Antwerp landscapes, market scenes and kitchen pieces, 1500-1580, Oud Holland, 102, 1988
Kwak, Zoran, "Taste the Fare and Chew it with Your Eyes': A Painting by <mask> and the Amusing Deceit in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-Century Dutch and Flemish Kitchen Scenes", in On the Edge of Truth and Honesty: Principles and Strategies of Fraud and Deceit in the Early Modern Period, edited by Toon van Houdt and others, BRILL, 2002, , 9789004125728, google books
Snyder, James. Northern Renaissance Art, 1985, Harry N. Abrams,
Sullivan, Margaret A., <mask>'s Kitchen and Market Scenes: Audience and Innovation in Northern Art, The Art Bulletin, Vol. 81, No. 2 (Jun., 1999), pp. 236–266, JSTOR

External links

Dutch Renaissance painters
16th-century Dutch painters
History painters
Painters from Antwerp
1508 births
1575 deaths
Painters from

masks:
Aertsen
Aertsen
Pieter
Pieter Aertsen
Pieter Pietersz
Aertsen


title: Arthur Du Cros

texts:
<mask>, 1st Baronet (26 January 1871 – 28 October 1955) was a British industrialist and politician. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Dublin on 26 January 1871, the third of seven sons of <mask> and his wife Annie Jane Roy. In his childhood, his father was only a bookkeeper with an income of £170 a year and <mask> grew up in modest circumstances. He attended a national school in Dublin and entered the civil service at the lowest-paid grade. Business career
In 1892 he joined his father and brothers in Dublin's Pneumatic Tyre and Booth's Cycle Agency. This business had been set up in 1889 by <mask> and <mask> to exploit <mask>nlop's pneumatic tyre. <mask> was made general manager.His brothers had been or were later sent to Europe and America to develop their family's pneumatic tyre interests there. After J B <mask> retired in 1895. Terah Hooley bought the business, now named Pneumatic Tyre Co, in 1896 for £3 million and for a return of £5 million floated a new listed company on the stock market to own it. Hooley called the new company The Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company though J B <mask> had no financial link to it. <mask> was made a joint managing director alongside his father but Harvey du <mask> was also chairman. From 1890 Pneumatic Tyre and Booth's Cycle Agency (later Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company) made its (cycle) tyres in Coventry by assembling bought-in components on its own machines and through its 1894 investment in Byrne Brothers also made cycle tyres in Birmingham. Byrne Brothers was renamed Rubber Manufacturing Company in 1896 and again, in 1900, renamed Dunlop Rubber Company.By 1914, 4,000 were employed at Castle Bromwich and 12,000 in 1927 when Dunlop controlled 90 percent

masks:
Sir Arthur Philip Du Cros
Du Cros
Harvey du Cros
Arthur
Harvey du Cros
J B Dunlop
Du
Arthur
Dunlop
Dunlop
Arthur
Cros


title: Arthur Du Cros

texts:
 of national tyre production though imports limited their share of the UK tyre sales market to 60 percent. In August 1912 the Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Company went out of business though retaining certain financial commitments. It passed its activities to Dunlop Rubber in exchange for shares. Then it changed its name to The Parent Tyre Company Limited. Dunlop Rubber purchased certain of its assets including goodwill and trading rights and in exchange the tyre company shareholders now owned three-quarters of Dunlop Rubber. The amalgamation was intended to bring about a substantial reduction in overhead and clarify what had been seen as a confusing relationship between the two enterprises when they shared most shareholders. <mask> Cros was made managing director and deputy chairman in 1912 and retained that position after his father's death in 1918 when A L Ormrod became chairman until 1921.In 1928 <mask> and his brothers Alfred and George finally resigned as president, vice-president and director of Dunlop though they had been on leave of absence from the board since March 1924.

Business and financial impropriety
During the period 1912-1921, when <mask> was chief executive, his family interests dominated the board and this period featured much financial impropriety. He found it difficult to distinguish between personal and company assets, using company funds to sponsor family investments and appointing family members to senior positions without regard for merit. He also participated in financial manipulation as a close associate of James White, a financier who specialised in share rigging and whose actions left Dunlop close to bankruptcy in 1921. <mask> had already lost influence within the

masks:
Du
Du Cros
Du Cros
Du Cros


title: Arthur Du Cros

texts:
 company and was dismissed after the 1921 depression. Personal financial demise
<mask> had significant personal investments with Clarence Hatry. The collapse of Hatry's group in 1929 and subsequent criminal fraud proceedings cost du Cros's personal company £3 million, and his personal fortunes never recovered. Political career

In 1906 <mask> entered politics, unsuccessfully contesting the seat of Bow & Bromley as a Conservative candidate, a seat to which his brother was elected in 1910.At a by-election in 1908 he was elected Member of Parliament for Hastings, immediately succeeding his father in that position. In 1909 he formed (and was the director of) the Parliamentary Aerial Defence Committee to ensure funding for military aeronautical development, of which he was a strong proponent. During the First World War he worked for the Ministry of Munitions on an honorary basis, buying two motorised ambulance convoys with his own money and helping form an infantry battalion, being a former captain of the Royal Warwickshires and for some years being the honorary colonel of the 8th battalion of the Royal Warwickshire Regiment. After the death of Edward VII, Daisy Warwick attempted to blackmail King George V by threatening to release to the press love letters that she claimed proved Edward VII's adultery. When the High Court restrained her from publishing the letters in Britain, she threatened to sell them to American media. In 1914 <mask> offered to pay £64,000 () worth of Daisy's debts in return for the letters, and for his generosity he was created a baronet in 1916. He continued to represent Hastings until 1918, when he was elected as a Member of Parliament for Clapham, a position he resigned four

masks:
Du Cros
Du Cros
Du Cros


title: Arthur Du Cros

texts:
 years later.House attacked by suffragettes
On 14 April 1913 Levetleigh, a house at St Leonards-on-Sea, close to Hastings, belonging to the Eversfield Estate, which <mask> had inhabited until March 1912, was burnt down by suffragettes angry at his opposition to votes for women. Contemporary newsreels reported the estimated cost of the damage to be £10,000. Personal life
<mask> married Maude Gooding, the daughter of a Coventry watch manufacturer in 1895, when he was 24 years old. They had two sons and two daughters before a divorce in 1923. <mask> married Florence May Walton King secretly in Paris in 1928. He was 57 years old and she was 14 years his junior, but they did not announce it until three years later, and then very quietly. After her death he married for the third time, again secretly and abroad.He was 80 years old and his bride, Mary Louise Joan Beaumont, was 71. He died at home near Watford, Hertfordshire on 28 October 1955 aged 84 and was interred in Finstock, Oxfordshire. References

External links

1871 births
1955 deaths
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1918–1922
Businesspeople from Dublin (city)
Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers


title: Odilo Globocnik

texts:
<mask> (21 April 1904 – 31 May 1945) was an Austrian Nazi and a Holocaust perpetrator. He was an official of the Nazi Party and later a high-ranking leader of the SS. He had a leading role in Operation Reinhard, which organized the murder of around one and a half million mostly Polish Jews during the Holocaust in the Majdanek, Treblinka, Sobibor and Belzec extermination camps. Historian Michael Allen described him as "the vilest individual in the vilest organization ever known". Globocnik died by suicide shortly after being captured and detained by British soldiers. Early life and ancestry
<mask> was born on 21 April 1904 in the Imperial Free City of Trieste, then the capital of the Austrian Littoral administrative region of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (now in Italy). He was the second child of <mask>, a Slovene cavalry lieutenant in the Austro-Hungarian Army.Because Globocnik was a leading Nazi official, and perpetrator of not only the Holocaust but the ethnic cleansing of millions of Poles and other Slavs, historians have been interested in accounts of Globocnik's Slavic ancestry (his surname is Slovenian). In his 2004 biography of Globocnik, historian Joseph Kranjc devoted the entire first chapter to the debate concerning Globocnik's ancestry. He says that Globocnik was ridiculed by other Nazis for his surname, because the Nazis classified Slavs as sub-human (Untermenschen). Senior Nazis such as Heinrich Himmler defended him, saying that he was of Aryan origin and that his surname had been derived from Slavicization. His father was unable to accumulate the money needed to get an officer's marriage permission and had to leave the

masks:
Odilo Lothar Ludwig Globocnik
Odilo Lothar Ludwig Globocnik
Franz Globocnik


title: Odilo Globocnik

texts: service. As was the practice at this time, he was given a job in the Imperial and Royal Mail. <mask>'s mother Anna, née Petschinka, was born in Versecz, Kingdom of Hungary (now Vršac, Serbia); she was half-Serbian and half-Croatian.In 1914, the family left Trieste for Cseklész, where <mask> was recalled to active duty after the outbreak of the First World War. The same year, <mask> joined the army, via a military school. The war ended his military education prematurely. <mask> moved with his family to Klagenfurt in Carinthia. There as a teenager, he joined the pro-Austrian volunteer militia fighting Slovene volunteers and, later, the Yugoslav Army during the Carinthian War (1918–19). In 1920, he worked as an underground propagandist for the Austrian cause during the Carinthian Plebiscite. He later enrolled at the Höhere Staatsgewerbeschule (a higher vocational school for mechanical engineering), where he passed his Matura (the Austrian equivalent of the German Abitur) and graduated with honours.He worked a variety of jobs, such as being a porter at the railway station, in order to help support his family financially. Globocnik first became active in politics in 1922, when he became a prominent member of pre-Nazi Carinthian paramilitary organisations and was seen wearing a swastika. At the time, he was a building tradesman, introduced to his job while engaged to Grete Michner. Her father, Emil Michner, had talked to the director of KÄWAG (Kärntner Wasserkraftwerke AG), an electricity distribution company of Carinthia, and secured Globocnik a job as a technician and construction supervisor. After he entered politics, Globocnik faced

masks:
Odilo
Franz Globocnik
Globocnik
Odilo


title: Odilo Globocnik

texts: Austria. In June 1933, in Vienna, a bomb was thrown at the shop of Jewish jeweller Norbert Futterweit, killing him. This was one of the first murders in Austria attributable to the Nazis. A number of historians believe that Globocnik was involved in the attack.<mask> joined the Schutzstaffel (SS) on 1 September 1934. His devotion to the Nazi cause paid off, as he quickly climbed the ladder of the party apparatus in his native Austria. He became a Deputy Gauleiter briefly in Vienna and then in Carinthia between January and May 1933. He was appointed as the head of the party intelligence apparatus in Carinthia, serving from 1934 to 1936. From September 1936 to May 1938, he served as the Chief of Staff of the National Leadership of the Austrian Nazi Party under Hubert Klausner. Globocnik was a key player in the usurpation of the Austrian government by the Nazis. With the Anschluss, Nazi Germany annexed Austria on 12 March 1938.Globocnik was rewarded with an appointment as a State Secretary in the Nazi government, set up by Chancellor Arthur Seyss-Inquart on 15 March. On 10 April 1938, he was elected to the Reichstag. Next came his appointment as Gauleiter of Vienna on 22 May 1938 by Adolf Hitler. In his early tenure as Gauleiter, Globocnik espoused Nazi anti-Jewish philosophy: "I will not recoil from radical interventions for the solution of Jewish questions." Later that same year he opened Vienna's first anti-Semitic political exhibition, which was attended by 10,000 visitors on the first day. Prominent at the exhibition and received enthusiastically by the public was the film, "The Eternal Jew". Early gestures of accommodation to the


title: Odilo Globocnik

texts:
 new government by Cardinal Innitzer did not assuage the Austrian Nazi radicals, foremost among them the young Gauleiter Globocnik.He launched a crusade against the Church, and the Nazis confiscated property, closed Catholic organisations and sent many priests to Dachau. Anger at the treatment of the Church in Austria grew quickly, and in October 1938 the first act of overt mass resistance to the new regime took place. A rally of thousands left Mass in Vienna chanting "Christ is our Führer", before being dispersed by police. A Nazi mob ransacked Cardinal Innitzer's residence, after he denounced Nazi persecution of the Church. <mask> was relieved of his posts and stripped of his party honours on 30 January 1939, when it was discovered that he was involved in illegal foreign currency speculation. As punishment, Himmler transferred Globocnik to the Waffen-SS, in the rank of corporal, where he served with SS Standarte "Germania" during the Polish campaign. Himmler liked Globocnik and recognised the value of the ruthless Austrian.In late 1939, Globocnik was pardoned, promoted to SS-Brigadeführer, and assigned to Lublin province. Crimes in occupied Poland
On 9 November 1939, Himmler appointed Globocnik as SS and Police Leader in the Lublin district of the General Government territory. After the initially disappointing party career, Globocnik now had a second chance in the ranks of the SS and the police. On 16 February 1940, Globocnik declared: "The evacuated Jews should feed themselves and be supported by their countrymen, as these Jews have enough [food]. If this does not succeed, one should let them starve." In the following years,


title: Odilo Globocnik

texts:
 camps. He was responsible for seizing the properties and valuables of murdered inmates while in charge of Operation Reinhard. Although other arms of the Nazi state were also involved in the overall management of the greater concentration camp system, Globocnik had control over the Aktion Reinhard camps, and any orders that he received came directly from Himmler. From 1942 to 1943 he also oversaw the beginning of the Generalplan Ost, the plan to expel Poles from their lands and resettle those territories with German settlers (see Zamość Uprising).On 9 November 1942, <mask> was promoted to SS-Gruppenführer and Generalleutnant der Polizei. Activities in Italy
After the Armistice of Cassibile, <mask> was appointed as Higher SS and Police Leader of the Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral of Italy on 13 September 1943. After the completion of Operation Reinhard in Poland, he was sent to Trieste, his hometown. Having looted assets stolen from Holocaust victims at death camps in occupied Poland, <mask> went to Italy with a number of his men who had taken part in Aktion Tiergarten 4 including Franz Stangl from Treblinka and Franz Reichleitner from Sobibor. A few days after 8 September 1943, Christian Wirth arrived in Trieste. Together, they converted an old rice mill on the outskirts of the city into a detention centre complete with a crematorium, known as Risiera di San Sabba (in Slovene: Rižarna). At San Sabba, thousands of Italian Jews, partisans and other political dissidents were interrogated, tortured and murdered under the direction of these men after the 1943 downfall of Benito Mussolini and the German takeover of the

masks: Globocnik Globocnik Globocnik


title: Odilo Globocnik

texts:
 the circumstances of <mask>'s survival; some had speculated that his death in either early May or June 1945 was at the hands of either partisans or a Jewish revenge squad. A false version of Globocnik's fate has circulated that says he was turned over to U.S. intelligence by the British. This is based on an "official US document signed by US CIC S/A Operations Officer Andrew L. Venters, dated 27 October 1948, more than three years after his supposed death". But, this document was exposed as a forgery in the 1980s by the investigative writer and historian, Gitta Sereny; she gives all details in a long article in the Observer newspaper.<mask> is a key antagonist in the Robert Harris alternative-history novel Fatherland, in which he is, by 1964, still alive and a top SS official. References

Further reading

 René Moehrle, Judenverfolgung in Triest während Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus 1922–1945, Berlin 2014 (), p. 305-460. Josef Wulf: "Das Dritte Reich und seine Vollstrecker", München 1978,

1904 births
1945 suicides
Ethnic Slovene people
Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
Military personnel from Trieste
Austrian people of Croatian descent
Austrian people of Serbian descent
Austrian people of Slovenian descent
Nazis
Nazis from outside Germany
Einsatzgruppen personnel
Gauleiters
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Nazi persecution of the Catholic Church
Nazis who committed suicide in Austria
Suicides by cyanide poisoning
Nazis who committed suicide in prison custody
People from Austrian Littoral
Prisoners who died in British military detention
Operation Reinhard
Recipients of German pardons
SS and Police Leaders
Waffen-SS

masks: Globocnik Globocnik


title: Oliver Heywood (minister)

texts:
<mask> (1630–1702) was a British nonconformist minister, ejected for his beliefs. Biography

Early life and education
<mask>, third son of <mask>, yeoman, by his first wife, Alice Critchlaw, was born at Little Lever, near Bolton, Lancashire, in March 1630, and baptised (without the sign of the cross) at Bolton Parish Church on 15 March. His parents were strong puritans. After passing through Bolton Grammar School and other schools, he was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge, on 12 June 1647, his tutor being Akehurst, who afterwards became a quaker. In religious matters he was much influenced by the preaching of Samuel Hammond and joined with other students in a kind of religious club which met in the "garret-chamber" of Thomas Jollie. In 1650 he graduated Bachelor of Arts and soon began to preach; his first sermon was delivered at a village near to Preston, Lancashire. By his uncle, Francis Critchlaw, he was recommended as preacher at Coley Chapel, near the village of Northowram, in the parish of Halifax in the West Riding.He accepted this post, with a stipend of £30, on 26 November 1650, and refused an offer of Houghton Chapel, Lancashire. Though under the regular age, he was ordained on 4 August 1652 at Bury, Lancashire, by the second presbyterian classis of that county. His younger brother, Nathaniel, was minister at Illingworth Chapel, in the same parish of Halifax, and the two lived together in 1654 at Godley House. <mask> removed to Northowram on his marriage in 1655. For many years before his settlement there had been no administration of Communion at Coley; he restored a monthly celebration in 1655, connecting it in 1657 with the introduction of church discipline in the presbyterian way. Hitherto his parishioners had been united in

masks:
Oliver Heywood
Oliver Heywood
Richard Heywood
Heywood


title: Oliver Heywood (minister)

texts:
 attachment to his ministry; the discipline divided them, and 'sincere Christians' became his 'greatest trouble;' his communion list reached seventy-three names. He persevered against opposition, declining calls to one of the two churches of St. Martin, York, and to the vicarage of Preston.Silenced
<mask> was a royalist presbyterian, and though he took no part in the insurrection under George Booth, 1st Baron Delamer, he disobeyed the order requiring a public thanksgiving for its suppression, and was accordingly apprehended and threatened with sequestration in August 1659. On the news that Monck had declared for the king, he breaks out in his diary into a psalm of praise. With the Restoration, however, his serious troubles began. Richard Hooke, the new vicar of Halifax, prohibited baptism in the outlying chapelries. <mask> continued to baptise, making his peace by sending the customary perquisites to the vicar. On 23 January 1661 his 'private fast' was stopped by authority. Among his parishioners an influential party, headed by Stephen Ellis of Hipperholme, the man of most substance in the chapelry, was in favour of the resumption of the prayer-book.A copy was accordingly laid on the pulpit cushion on 25 August 1661. <mask> quietly set it aside. At the instigation of Ellis, <mask> was cited to York on 13 September, after several hearings his suspension from ministering in the diocese of York was published on 29 June 1662 in Halifax Church. For two or three Sundays he persisted in preaching; within a month of the taking effect of the Uniformity Act (24 August 1662) he was excommunicated, the sentence of excommunication being publicly read in Halifax Church on 2 November, in the parish church of Bolton, Lancashire, on 4 January 1663, and again at

masks: Heywood Heywood Heywood Heywood


title: Oliver Heywood (minister)

texts:
 Halifax on 3 December 1663. Hence attempts were made to exclude him from churches, even as a hearer; while, on the other hand, Ellis, as churchwarden, claimed fines for his non-attendance at Coley Chapel, under the statute of Elizabeth. John Angier, his father-in-law, admitted him to the communion at Denton Chapel, Lancashire; on 5 June 1664 he preached, by the vicar's invitation, in the parish church of Mottram-in-Longdendale, Cheshire; and on 13 August 1665 he preached at Shadwell Chapel, near Leeds, Hardcastle, the minister, being then in prison for nonconformity. Roving ministry
Though according to law a 'silenced' minister, <mask> persistently held conventicles at the houses of the presbyterian gentry and farmers, in open defiance of the act of 1664.On the passing of the Five Mile Act (1665) he left his residence (at that time Coley Hall), but only to become an itinerant evangelist throughout the northern counties. It was his opinion that this act, by carrying the ejected ministers into new localities, promoted rather than hindered the nonconformist cause. Taking advantage of his successor's absence, he preached at Coley Chapel on the first Sunday of 1668 to 'a very great assembly;' his appearances in the pulpits of parish churches were frequent at this time. At length, on 13 March 1670, he was apprehended after preaching at Little Woodhouse, near Leeds, but was released two days after. His goods, however, were seized (13 July) to meet the fine under the new Conventicle Act, which came into force on 10 May. Under the royal indulgence of 1672 he took out two licences as a presbyterian 'teacher,' one (20 April) for his own house at Northowram, the other (25 July) for the house of John Butterworth at Warley in the parish of Halifax. Over a


title: Oliver Heywood (minister)

texts: hundred of his former parishioners entered with him (12 June) into a church covenant void of presbyterian peculiarities, and hence joined (18 June) by the members of a congregational church gathered at Sowerby Chapel in Halifax parish, by Henry Root (d 20 October 1669).On 29 October 1672 he took part in the first ordination by presbyterians of the north since the Restoration, held in Deansgate, Manchester, at the house of Robert Eaton, an ejected divine, afterwards minister of Stand, Lancashire. When the licences were recalled (February 1675) <mask> resumed his itinerant labours. He is said in a single year to have travelled 1,400 miles, preached 105 times, besides Sunday duty, and kept fifty fast days and nine of thanksgiving. He assisted in the first presbyterian ordination in Yorkshire, at Richard Mitchel's house in Craven, on 8 July 1678. On 16 January 1685 he was convicted at the Wakefield sessions for 'a riotous assembly' in his house. Refusing to pay a fine of £50, and to give sureties for good behaviour, he was imprisoned in York Castle until the end of the year. He approved of James's declaration (1687) for liberty of conscience, and at once set about building a meeting house at Northowram (opened 8 July 1688), to which he subsequently added a school.The first master was David Hartley (appointed 5 October 1693), father of David Hartley the philosopher. His meeting house was licensed under the Toleration Act on 18 July 1689. <mask> was one of the many nonconformist divines who attended solemn fasts (September 1689) in connection with the case of Richard Dugdale, known as the 'Surey demoniac.' It is clear that he originally believed in the reality of Dugdale's possession, yet in the subsequent defence of the ministers concerned he took no

masks: Heywood Heywood


title: Oliver Heywood (minister)

texts:
 part. "Happy union"
The London agreement (1691) between the presbyterians and congregationalists, known as the "happy union", was introduced into Yorkshire mainly through <mask>'s influence. On 2 September 1691 he preached in Mrs Kirby's house at Wakefield to 20 ordained and four licensed preachers of the two denominations and the "heads of agreement" were adopted. The meeting was the first of a series of assemblies of nonconformist divines of the West Riding at which preaching licences were granted and ordinations arranged.Death
The last ten years of <mask>'s life were somewhat troubled by symptoms of declining orthodoxy in some of his coadjutors. Although some supporters such as ironmaster William and Anna Cotton did not allow the Cotton children to be baptised until after <mask> died. <mask> maintained his own evangelistic work till the close of 1699. In 1700 his health broke; asthma confined him to Northowram. From 5 December 1701 he was carried to his meeting house in a chair. He died at Northowram on Monday, 4 May 1702, and was buried in a side chapel of Halifax Church, known as 'Holdsworth's works,' in his mother's grave. There is no monument there to his memory, but in Northgate End Chapel, Halifax, is a memorial slab erected by a descendant.Family
He married, first, on 24 April 1655, at Denton, Elizabeth (d 26 May 1661, aged 27), daughter of John Angier, by whom he had three sons:
John, born 18 April 1656, minister at Rotherham and Pontefract, died 6 September 1704;
Eliezer, born 18 April 1657, minister at Wallingwells, Nottinghamshire and Dronfield, Derbyshire, died 20 May 1730;
Nathaniel, born 7 August and died 24 August 1659. <mask> married, secondly, on 27 June 1667, at Salford, Abigail, daughter of James Crompton of Breightmet in

masks: Heywood Heywood Heywood Heywood Heywood


title: Oliver Heywood (minister)

texts:
 the parish of Bolton, Lancashire; she died without issue in 1707. Publications
<mask>'s Works were collected by Richard Slate (1825–27, 5 vols); the collection is complete with the exception of one or two prefaces from his pen. Among his best publications are:
Heart Treasure &c., 1667, 2nd part, 1672
Closet Prayer &c., 1671
Life in God's Favour &c., 1679
Baptismal Bonds Renewed &c., 1687
The Best Entail &c., 1693
A Family Altar &c., 1693
A Treatise of Christ's Intercession &c., Leeds, 1701

Most of his books are on topics of practical religion, and he sent them out in large quantities among his friends for free distribution. For his inner life the best authority is the series of his 'Diaries,' edited, with other papers, by J. Horsfall Turner, Brighouse, 1881–85, 4 vols. His registers of baptisms, marriages and deaths, edited, with those of his successor, Thomas Dickenson, by J. Horsfall Turner, under the title of The Nonconformist Register, Brighouse, 1881, are of great biographical value. Notes

References

External links

By Heywood:
Life in God's Favour.A Seasonable Discourse in Death-threatening Times
Nonconformist register, of baptisms, marriages, and deaths
The Rev. <mask>, B.A., 1630–1702: His Autobiography, diaries, Anecdote and Event Books
The Whole Works Of the Rev. <mask>:
Volume 1
Volume 3
Volume 4
Volume 5
The rise of the old dissent, exemplified in the life of <mask> by Joseph Hunter, 1842
Four Worthies: John Chamberlain, Anne Clifford, John Taylor, <mask>, by Wallace Notestein, 1957

1630 births
1702 deaths
English Presbyterian ministers
People excommunicated by the Church of England
Ejected English ministers of 1662
People from Little Lever
17th-century Presbyterian ministers
People educated at Bolton School
Alumni of Trinity

masks:
Heywood
Oliver Heywood
Oliver Heywood
Oliver Heywood
Oliver Heywood


title: George Zoritch

texts:
<mask>  (born Yuri Zorich; Russian: Юрий Зорич; 6 June 1917 – 1 November 2009), was a Russian-born American ballet dancer who starred in performances by Ballet Russe companies on stages all over the United States from the 1930s to the 1960s. Internationally known, he was one of the most glamorous figures and striking personalities in mid-twentieth-century ballet. Early life and training
<mask> was born in Moscow during the Russian Revolution in June 1917. He was the youngest of two sons. When he was a year old, the two boys were taken by their mother Elena, an opera singer, to the quieter city of Kovno (Kaunas), the provisional capital of Lithuania to live with her mother after she left her husband due to his infidelities. Known as "Little Paris" because of its rich cultural and academic life, the city offered refuge from the revolutionary strife of Moscow. There, Madam <mask> joined the opera company at the National Opera and Ballet Theater, while Yuri and his older brother began their first dance lessons.When Yuri was 14 years old, the family relocated to Paris to advance his training. A promising student, he won a scholarship to study with one of the most prominent teachers in the city, Olga Preobrajenskaya, a former star of the Russian Imperial Ballet. In later years, he would polish his classical technique through study with such famous pedagogues as Anatole Vilzak, Anatole Oboukhoff, and Bronislava Nijinska. Professional career
After only nine months' study with Preobrajenskaya, young Yuri, was given his first professional job in 1932 by the dancer and

masks:
George Zoritch
George Zoritch
Zoritch


title: George Zoritch

texts:
 actress Ida Rubenstein, who had a short season booked at the Paris Opera featuring ballets created by Michel Fokine. Following this engagement, <mask> rapidly became a sought-after performer in a number of companies linked with former stars of Sergei Diaghilev's famous Ballets Russes. Ballet Russe companies
An engagement with Nijinska's Ballets de Paris in 1935 led to his long-time membership in the two Ballets Russes offshoots formed after Diaghilev's death in 1929: Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, directed by René Blum, and Original Ballet Russe, directed by Colonel Wassily de Basil. In the de Basil company, the 18-year-old Zoritch became a favorite of the choreographer Léonide Massine, who cast him in no fewer than eleven ballets, notably Symphonie Fantastique (1936), set to the hallucinatory music of Hector Berlioz.Massine and Tamara Toumanova took the lead roles of the Young Musician and the Beloved. <mask> danced in the Melancholy pas de trois in the first movement (Reveries), as the Young Shepherd in the third movement (Scene in the Fields), and, with Roman Jasinski and Paul Petroff, as one of the three Monsters in the fifth movement (Dream of the Night of the Sabbath). In 1938, after a dispute with Colonel de Basil, René Blum won legal rights to the name Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, which he soon sold to wealthy American businessmen. With Massine as artistic director, they created a company expressly to tour the United States and to present occasional seasons in Monte Carlo and London. <mask>, now known as <mask>, was one of its principal male dancers, along

masks:
Zoritch
Zoritch
Yuri Zoritch
George


title: George Zoritch

texts:
 with Igor Youskevitch and Frederic Franklin. They often danced with ballerinas Alexandra Danilova, Rosella Hightower, and Nathalie Krassovska. During the company's American tours over the next few years, <mask>'s startling good looks and winning personality on stage attracted increased attention to his dancing."It is impossible for him to make a bad line, to move unrhythmically," wrote one critic, "for there is a catlike smoothness about everything he does." <mask> was notable in two new roles in vastly different works by Massine: in Bogatyri (1938), set to music by Alexander Borodin, he portrayed Khan, the fearsome Mongol leader, and in The New Yorker (1940), set to music by <mask>, he was the magazine's signature character of the effete Eustace Tilley. Neither of these works enjoyed much success, however, and both were soon dropped from the repertory. Between these two, <mask> appeared in a more substantial ballet, as the Fiancé in Frederick Ashton's Devil's Holiday, a major work in a prologue and three scenes set to music by Vincenzo Tommasini on themes of Niccolo Paganini. Presented at the Metropolitan Opera House in October 1939. it had a star-studded cast and a complicated love story that required the Devil himself to sort out. Hence Ashton's alternate title: Le Diable s'Amuse. Broadway and Hollywood

During the 1940s, <mask> had a parallel career in Broadway musicals and Hollywood movies.1943. Early to Bed. A musical comedy with book and lyrics by <mask> Jr., music by Thomas "Fats" Waller, and dances by Robert Alton. <mask> appeared as Pablo, dancing with

masks:
Zoritch
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George Gershwin
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George Mason
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