title: Hosni Mubarak

texts:
 occurred between pro-<mask> and anti-Mubarak protesters.On 10 February, contrary to rumours, <mask> said he would not resign until the September election, though he would be delegating responsibilities to Vice President Omar Suleiman. The next day, Suleiman announced that <mask> had resigned. The announcement sparked cheers, flag-waving, and celebrations from protesters in Egypt. Discussions about the nation's future direction began. It had been suggested that Egypt be put in the hands of a caretaker government. Protests
On 25 January 2011, protests against <mask> and his government erupted in Cairo and around Egypt calling for <mask>'s resignation. <mask> stated in a speech that he would not leave, and would die on Egyptian soil.Opposition leader Mohamed ElBaradei paid no attention to <mask>'s remarks and labeled it as a trick designed to help <mask> to stay in power. In a state televised broadcast on 1 February 2011, <mask> announced that he would not seek re-election in September but would like to finish his current term and promised constitutional reform. This compromise was not acceptable for the protestors and violent demonstrations occurred in front of the Presidential Palace. On 11 February, then Vice President Omar Suleiman announced <mask> had resigned and that power would be turned over to the Egyptian military. Two and a half hours after <mask>'s resignation, an Egyptian military member came on air and thanked <mask> for "putting the interests of the country first." The statement, which said "The Supreme Council is currently studying the situation," did not state what the council would do next. Post-resignation
<mask> made no media appearances after his resignation.Except for his family and a close circle of aides, he reportedly refused to talk to anyoneeven

masks: Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak


title: Hosni Mubarak

type: original

texts:
 his supporters. His health was speculated to be rapidly deteriorating; some reports said he was in a coma. Most sources said he was no longer interested in performing any duties and wanted to "die in Sharm El-Sheikh". On 28 February 2011, the General Prosecutor of Egypt issued an order prohibiting <mask> and his family from leaving Egypt. It was reported that <mask> was in contact with his lawyer in case of possible criminal charges against him. As a result, <mask> and his family were placed under house arrest at a presidential palace in the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh. On 13 April 2011, a prosecutor originally appointed by <mask> ordered the former president and both his sons to be detained for 15 days of questioning about allegations of corruption and abuse of power amid growing suspicion that the Egyptian military was more aligned with the Mubaraks than with the revolution.Gamal and Alaa were jailed in Tora Prison; state television reported that <mask> was in police custody in a hospital near his residence following a heart attack. Former Israeli Cabinet minister Benjamin Ben Eliezer told Israeli Radio that he had offered <mask> refuge in the southern Israeli city of Eilat. On 11 May 2013, he told El-Watan in his first media appearance since his resignation said, "History will judge and I am still certain that the coming generations will view me fairly." He added that President Mohammed Morsi faced a tough time and that it was too early to judge him. Trial

On 24 May 2011, <mask> was ordered to stand trial on charges of premeditated murder of peaceful protesters during the revolution and, if convicted, could face the death penalty. The decision to try <mask> was made days before a scheduled protest in Tahrir Square. The full list of charges released by the

masks: Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak


title: Hosni Mubarak

texts: public prosecutor was "intentional murder, attempted killing of some demonstrators ... misuse of influence, deliberately wasting public funds and unlawfully making private financial gains and profits".On 28 May, a Cairo administrative court found <mask> guilty of damaging the national economy during the protests by shutting down the Internet and telephone services. He was fined LE200 millionabout which the court ordered he must pay from his personal assets. This was the first court ruling against <mask>, who would next have to answer to the murder charges. The trial of <mask> <mask>, his sons Ala'a and Gamal, former interior minister Habib el-Adly and six former top police officials began on 3 August 2011 at a temporary criminal court at the Police Academy in north Cairo. They were charged with corruption and the premeditated killing of peaceful protesters during the mass movement to oust the <mask> government, the latter of which carries the death penalty. The trial was broadcast on Egyptian television; <mask> made an unexpected appearancehis first since his resignation. He was taken into the court on a hospital bed and held in a cage for the session.Upon hearing the charges against him, <mask> pleaded not guilty. Judge Ahmed Refaat adjourned the court, ruling that <mask> be transferred under continued arrest to the military hospital on the outskirts of Cairo. The second court session scheduled for 15 August. On 15 August, the resumed trial lasted three hours. At the end of the session, Rifaat announced that the third session would take place on 5 September and that the remainder of the proceedings would be off-limits to television cameras. The trial resumed in December 2011 and lasted until January 2012. The defense strategy was that <mask> never actually resigned, was

masks: Mubarak Mubarak Hosni Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak


title: Hosni Mubarak

texts: still president, and thus had immunity.On 2 June 2012, <mask> was found guilty of not halting the killing of protesters by the Egyptian security forces; he was sentenced to life imprisonment. The court found <mask> not guilty of ordering the crackdown on Egyptian protesters. All other charges against <mask>, including profiteering and economic fraud, were dismissed. <mask>'s sons, Habib el-Adly, and six senior police officials were all acquitted for their roles in the killing of demonstrators because of a lack of evidence. According to The Guardian, the relatives of those killed by <mask>'s forces were angered by the verdict. Thousands of demonstrators protested the verdict in Tahrir Square, Arbein Square and Al-Qaed Ibrahim Square. In January 2013, an appeals court overturned <mask>'s life sentence and ordered a retrial.He remained in custody and returned to court on 11 May 2013 for a retrial on charges of complicity in the murder of protesters. On 21 August 2013, a Cairo court ordered his release. Judicial sources confirmed that the court had upheld a petition from <mask>'s longtime lawyer that called for his release. A day later, interim prime minister Hazem El Beblawi ordered that <mask> be put under house arrest. On 21 May 2014, while awaiting retrial, <mask> and his sons were convicted on charges of embezzlement; <mask> was sentenced to three years in prison, while his sons received four-year sentences. The three were fined the equivalent of , and were ordered to repay . In November 2014, conspiracy to kill charges were dismissed by the Cairo Criminal Court on a technicality.The court also cleared <mask> of corruption charges. On 13 January 2015, Egypt's Court of Cassation overturned <mask>'s and his sons' embezzlement charges, the last remaining conviction against

masks: Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak


title: Hosni Mubarak

texts:
 him, and ordered a retrial. A retrial on the corruption charges led to a conviction and sentencing to three years in prison in May 2015 for <mask>, with four-year terms for his sons, Gamal and Alaa. It was not immediately clear whether the sentence would take into account time already served – <mask> and his sons have already spent more than three years in prison, so potentially will not have to serve any additional time. Supporters of <mask> jeered the decision when it was announced in a Cairo courtroom on 9 May. The sentence also included a 125 million Egyptian pound (US$16.3 million) fine, and required the return of 21 million embezzled Egyptian pounds (US$2.7 million). These amounts were previously paid after the first trial.Support for Sisi
Though mostly out of the public eye, <mask> granted a rare interview in February 2014 with Kuwaiti journalist Fajer Al-Saeed, expressing support for then-Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Armed Forces Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as the next President of Egypt, recognizing that Sisi was working to restore the confidence of the Egyptian people. "The people want Sisi, and the people's will shall prevail," <mask> noted. <mask> also expressed great admiration and gratitude towards the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan of the United Arab Emirates and his children, for their continuous support of Egypt and its people. However, <mask> expressed his dislike of opposition politician Hamdeen Sabbahi, a Nasserist following the policies of Gamal Abdel Nasser. Health problems
In July 2010, the media said Egypt was about to undergo dramatic change because <mask> was thought to have cancer and because of the scheduled 2011 presidential election. Intelligence sources said he had esophageal cancer, stomach or pancreatic


title: Hosni Mubarak

texts: cancer; this was denied by Egyptian authorities. Speculation about his ill health increased after his resignation from the presidency.According to Egyptian media, <mask>'s condition worsened after he went into exile in Sharm el-Sheikh. He was reportedly depressed, refused to take medications, and was slipping in and out of consciousness. According to the sourcean unnamed Egyptian security official"<mask> wants to be left alone and die in his homeland". The source denied that <mask> was writing his memoirs, stating that he was almost completely unconscious. After his resignation, Egypt's ambassador to the United States Sameh Shoukry reported that his personal sources said <mask> "is possibly in somewhat of bad health", while several Egyptian and Saudi Arabian newspapers reported that <mask> was in a coma and close to death. On 12 April 2011, it was reported that he had been hospitalized after suffering a heart attack during questioning over possible corruption charges. In June 2011, <mask>'s lawyer Farid el-Deeb said his client "has stomach cancer, and the cancer is growing".<mask> had undergone surgery for the condition in Germany in 2010 and also suffered from circulatory problems with an irregular heart beat. On 13 July 2011, unconfirmed reports stated that <mask> had slipped into a coma at his residence after giving his final speech, and on 17 July, el-Deeb confirmed the reports. On 26 July 2011, <mask> was reported to be depressed and refusing solid food while in hospital being treated for a heart condition and in custody awaiting trial. On 2 June 2012, <mask> was reported as have suffered a health crisis while being transported to prison after his conviction on the charges of complicity in the killing of protestors. Some sources reported he had had a heart attack.

masks: Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak Mubarak


title: Hosni Mubarak

texts:
 Further reports stated that <mask>'s health continued to decline; some said he had to be treated with a defibrillator. On 20 June 2012, as <mask>'s condition continued to decline, state-run media erroneously reported that the former president had been declared "clinically dead", causing widespread confusion.Officials later clarified that <mask> was in a critical condition. On 27 December 2012, <mask> was taken from Tora Prison to the Cairo military hospital after falling and breaking a rib. He was released from prison in August 2013. On 19 June 2014, <mask> slipped in the bathroom at the military hospital in Cairo where he was being held and broke his left leg, also fracturing his left thighbone, requiring surgery. <mask> was serving a three-year sentence for corruption, and also awaiting retrial regarding the killing of protesters during his regime. At one time, his release was ordered. However, <mask> had remained at the military hospital since January 2014 due to his ongoing health issues.Acquittal
On 2 March 2017, the Court of Cassation, Egypt's top appeals court, acquitted <mask> of conspiring in the killing of protesters during the 2011 uprising. He was subsequently released on 24 March 2017. Personal life
<mask> <mask> was married to <mask> and together they had two sons: Alaa and Gamal. Both sons served four years in Egyptian jail for corruption and were released in 2015. Through his son Alaa, <mask> has two grandsons, Mohammed and Omar; and through his son Gamal, he has a granddaughter Farida. Mohammed died in 2009 from a cerebral hemorrhage. In April 2016, Alaa <mask> was named in the Panama Papers as someone with financial interests that intersect with that of Mossack Fonseca, the firm implicated in that scandal.<mask> <mask> died on 25 February 2020, in a

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Mubarak
Mubarak
Mubarak
Mubarak
Mubarak
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Hosni
Mubarak
Suzanne Mubarak
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Mubarak
Hosni
Mubarak


title: Dick Gray

texts:
<mask> (July 11, 1931 – July 8, 2013) was an American professional baseball player. He was an infielder in Major League Baseball, playing mainly as a third baseman for the Los Angeles Dodgers and St. Louis Cardinals from 1958 through 1960. Listed at  tall and , he batted and threw right handed. <mask> is best known as the player who hit the first home run in Los Angeles Dodgers' history and the first to homer in their opening game at LA Memorial Coliseum. Early life
Born in Jefferson, Pennsylvania, <mask> started playing sandlot ball at an early age with his neighborhood friends. He attended Jefferson High School in Pennsylvania, where he formed part of the baseball, football and wrestling teams. He graduated from Jefferson in June 1949 and immediately started his professional baseball career.Professional career
At age 18, <mask> attended a Brooklyn Dodgers' tryout camp at Dodgertown in Vero Beach, Florida, during 1949 spring training. Signed by Brooklyn, he played in their minor league system from 1950 to 1952 at three different levels. <mask> reported to Class D Sheboygan Indians in 1950, batting a .310 average and 11 home runs in 122 games. In 1951 he spent time with two clubs, hitting .221 in 21 games for the Greenwood Dodgers and made 110 appearances with the Valdosta Dodgers, batting for them .302 with six home runs, while leading the Georgia–Florida League in runs scored with 118 and also played third base for the All-Star team. Promoted to Class B Miami Sun Sox in 1952 he dropped to a .240 average with three homers in 153 games. But, like many

masks:
Richard Benjamin Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray
Gray


title: Dick Gray

texts:
 baseball players, <mask> had his career interrupted during the Korean War, missing two years after enlisting in the United States Army. "I did not go to Korea," he explained in one interview."I was fortunate and contracted pneumonia and I went to the hospital, the outfit that I was with finished their basic training and went to Korea. I stayed at Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri and I played baseball there for two years. On our ball club in the service we had about six or seven guys that went on to play in the major leagues. Whitey Herzog was on our team. I really grew up a lot in those two years in the service." Following his discharge in 1955, he joined the Fort Worth Cats of the Texas League for two seasons. In 1955 he batted .251 with six home runs and 50 runs batted in, and improved to .285 with 24 homers and 91 RBIs in 155 games during the 1956 season.In 1957, <mask> gained a promotion to the Triple-A St. Paul Saints of the American Association, where he posted career-numbers with a .297 average and 111 RBIs, while batting 16 home runs and ending third for the most RBIs behind Marv Throneberry (124) and Norm Siebern (118). After the season ended, the parent Dodgers moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles. Two 'firsts' for the Los Angeles Dodgers
In , <mask> was the regular third baseman for the Dodgers in their opening series against the San Francisco Giants at Seals Stadium. On April 16, in the second game of the series, the Dodgers crushed the Giants, 13–1. In the second inning of that game, <mask> belted a two-run homer off Ramón Monzant to become

masks: Gray Gray Gray Gray


title: Dick Gray

texts:
 the first player to hit a home run in Los Angeles Dodger history. On April 18, 1958, the Dodgers played their first home game at LA Memorial Coliseum—also against the Giants. In this game, <mask> became the first Dodger to hit a home run in the city of Los Angeles.In the bottom of the seventh inning, the Dodgers were on top 5–3. With one out, <mask> performed his feat against the Giants' Johnny Antonelli to put the Dodgers ahead 6–3. "It was in the seventh inning and the count was 3–0 and he was just trying to throw a strike and I nailed it", he said. The Dodgers held on to win 6–5 their first game in their new home city. "The Coliseum wasn’t a baseball field and a lot of guys just couldn’t get adjusted to that football field. Left field was only about 280 feet, but then you had an eighty foot fence and then in right center ... poor Duke Snider, he used to hit balls 450 feet and it was an out", <mask> stated. After the Dodgers
In 1958, <mask> spent part of the season at Triple-A with the Montreal Royals.On June 15, 1959, after a slow start with Los Angeles, he was dealt to the St. Louis Cardinals in exchange for Chuck Essegian and Lloyd Merritt. He played in 36 games for the Redbirds, including six starts at shortstop, and raised his average to .233. In , <mask> went hitless in eight early-season plate appearances with the Cardinals; then, on May 28, he was sent along with Vinegar Bend Mizell to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the same transaction that brought Ed Bauta and Julián Javier to St. Louis. Mizell won 13 games for Pittsburgh, helping them win the

masks: Gray Gray Gray Gray Gray


title: Dick Gray

texts:
 1960 National League pennant en route to the world championship. Javier became a two-time NL All-Star in St. Louis. The Pirates immediately sent <mask> to Triple-A, where he played the remainder of his pro career, retiring in 1962. In a four-season career, <mask> posted a slash line (BA/OBP/SLG) of .239/.321/.420 in 124 games overall, which included seven doubles, six triples, 12 home runs and four stolen bases, while driving in 41 runs and scoring 43 times.In his ten-year minor league career, he batted a combined .274 average with 96 home runs and 622 RBIs in 1,196 games. Following his baseball career, <mask> resided in Anaheim, California, with his wife Joanne and their three daughters: Catherine, Stacey and Nancy. He worked for the Buena Park School District maintenance department for a long time, retiring from there in 1993. In addition, he usually attended vintage baseball card shows and signed autographs. He was inducted into the Washington-Greene County Sports Hall of Fame in 2009. <mask> died in 2013 at home, just three days before his 82nd birthday. References

External links

1931 births
2013 deaths
American military personnel of the Korean War
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Columbus Jets players
Fort Worth Cats players
Greenwood Dodgers players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball third basemen
Miami Sun Sox players
Montreal Royals players
People from Greene County, Pennsylvania
St. Louis Cardinals players
St. Paul Saints (AA) players
Sheboygan Indians players
Baseball players from Anaheim, California
Valdosta Dodgers


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; July 10, 1897 – January 9, 1936) was an American actor, screenwriter and director. He rose to fame during the silent film era and became a popular leading man known as "The Great Lover". His breakthrough came in 1925 with his starring roles in The Merry Widow and The Big Parade. At the height of his career, <mask> rivaled Rudolph Valentino as a box office draw. <mask>'s career declined precipitously when silent pictures gave way to talkies. Though <mask> was often cited as one of the high-profile examples of an actor who was unsuccessful in making the transition to sound films, his decline as a star had far more to do with studio politics and money than with the sound of his screen voice, which was rich and distinctive. Early life and stage work
Born <mask> in Logan, Utah, to stock-company actor parents, <mask> (1865–1929) and <mask> (1877–1913), he struggled through a childhood of abuse and neglect, with his family moving frequently and young "Jack" having to attend assorted schools throughout the United States.When his family finally settled in California, he attended Hitchcock Military Academy in San Rafael. After he left school,  <mask> worked as a rubber goods salesman in San Francisco, then performed with the Baker Stock Company in Portland, Oregon, in 1914. He subsequently found work the following year as a stage manager in another stock company in Spokane, Washington, but he soon lost that job when the company went out of business. Film career
After losing his stage job in 1915, <mask> decided to try screen acting, and he quickly gained work as a film extra

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John Gilbert
John Cecil Pringle
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
John Cecil Pringle
John George Pringle
Ida Adair Apperly Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 through Herschell Mayall. <mask> first appeared in The Mother Instinct (1915), a short directed by Wilfred Lucas. He then found work as an extra with the Thomas Ince Studios in productions such as The Coward (1915), Aloha Oe (1915), Civilization (1915), The Last Act (1916), and William Hart's Hell's Hinges (1916). Kay-Bee Company
During his initial years in films, <mask> also performed in releases by Kay-Bee Company such as Matrimony (1915), The Corner (1915), Eye of the Night (1916), and Bullets and Brown Eyes (1916).His first major costarring role was as Willie Hudson in The Apostle of Vengeance, also with William S. Hart. Viewed by studio executives as a promising but still "juvenile" actor at this stage of his career, <mask>'s contract salary was $40 a week ($ today), fairly ample pay for most American workers in the early 1900s. <mask> continued to get more substantial parts at Kay-Bee, which billed him as "<mask>" in The Aryan (1916), The Phantom (1916), Shell 43 (1916), The Sin Ye Do (1917), The Weaker Sex (1917), and The Bride of Hate (1917). His first true leading role was in Princess of the Dark (1917) with Enid Bennett, but the film was not a big success and he went back to supporting roles in The Dark Road (1917), Happiness (1917), The Millionaire Vagrant (1917), and The Hater of Men (1917). Triangle Films and other studios
<mask> went over to Triangle Films where he was in The Mother Instinct (1917), Golden Rule Kate (1917), The Devil Dodger (1917) (second billed), Up or Down? (1917), and Nancy Comes Home (1918). For Paralta Plays, <mask> did Shackled (1918), One Dollar

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Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Jack Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 Bid (1918), and Wedlock (1918) and More Trouble (1918) for Anderson, but the company went bankrupt.He also was cast in Doing Their Bit (1918) at Fox and then returned to Triangle for The Mask (1918). <mask> also did Three X Gordon (1918) for Jesse Hampton, The Dawn of Understanding (1918), The White Heather (1919) for Maurice Tourneur, The Busher (1919) for Thomas Ince, The Man Beneath for Haworth, A Little Brother of the Rich (1919) for Universal, The Red Viper (1919) for Tyrad, For a Woman's Honor (1919) for Jess Hampton, Widow by Proxy (1919) for Paramount, Heart o' the Hills (1919) for Mary Pickford,  and Should a Woman Tell? (1919) for Screen Classics. Actor, screenwriter and director for Tourneur
Maurice Tourneur signed him to a contract to both write and act in films. <mask> performed in and co-wrote The White Circle (1920), The Great Redeemer (1921), and Deep Waters (1921). As a writer only, he worked on The Bait (1921), which starred and was produced by Hope Hampton. For Hampton, <mask> wrote and directed as well, but he did not appear in Love's Penalty (1921).Fox and stardom

In 1921, <mask> signed a three-year contract with Fox Film Corporation, which subsequently cast him in romantic leading roles and promoted him now as "<mask>". The actor's first starring part for the studio was in Shame (1921). He followed it with leading roles in Arabian Love (1922), Gleam O'Dawn (1922), The Yellow Stain (1922), Honor First (1922), Monte Cristo (1922), Calvert's Valley (1922), The Love Gambler (1922), and A California Romance (1922). Many of the scenarios for these films were written

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Gilbert
Gilbert
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John Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 by Jules Furthman. <mask> returned temporarily to Tourneur to costar with Lon Chaney in While Paris Sleeps (1923). Back at Fox, he starred in Truxton King (1923), Madness of Youth (1923), St. Elmo (1923), and The Exiles (1923). The same year he starred in Cameo Kirby (1923), directed by <mask>, co starring Jean Arthur.He went into The Wolf Man (1923) with Norma Shearer, not a horror film, but the story of a man who believes he murdered his fiancée's brother while drunk. <mask> also performed in his last films for Fox in 1924, including Just Off Broadway, A Man's Mate, The Lone Chance, and Romance Ranch. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Under the auspices of movie producer Irving Thalberg, <mask> obtained a release from his Fox contract and moved to MGM, where he became a full-fledged star cast in major productions. First starring in His Hour (1924) directed by King Vidor and written by Elinor Glyn his film career entered its ascendancy. He followed this success with He Who Gets Slapped (1924) co-starring Chaney and Shearer and directed by Victor Sjöström; The Snob (1924) with Shearer; The Wife of the Centaur (1924) for Vidor. The next year, <mask> would star in two of MGM's most critically acclaimed and popular film productions of the silent era: Erich von Stroheim's The Merry Widow and King Vidor's The Big Parade. The Merry Widow (1925)
<mask> was assigned to star in Erich von Stroheim's The Merry Widow by Irving Thalberg, over the objections of the Austrian-American director.Von Stroheim expressed his displeasure bluntly to his leading man: "<mask>, I am forced to use you in my picture. I do not

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John Ford
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Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 want you, but the decision was not in my hands. I assure you I will do everything in my power to make you comfortable." <mask>, mortified, soon stalked off the set in a rage, tearing off his costume. Von Stroheim followed him to his dressing room and apologized. The two agreed to share a drink. Then <mask> apologized and they had another drink.The tempest subsided and was resolved amicably. According to <mask>, the contretemps served to "cement a relationship which for my part will never end." The public adulation that <mask> experienced with his growing celebrity astounded him: "Everywhere I hear whispers and gasps in acknowledgment of my presence...[t]he whole thing became too fantastic for me to comprehend. Acting, the very thing I had been fighting and ridiculing for seven years, had brought me success, riches and renown. I was a great motion picture artist. Well, I’ll be damned!" The Big Parade (1925)
<mask> was next cast by Thalberg to star in the King Vidor's war-romance The Big Parade (1925), which became the second-highest grossing silent film and the most profitable film of the silent era.<mask>'s  "inspired performance" as an American doughboy in France during World War I was the high point of his acting career. He fully immersed himself in the role of Jim Apperson, a Southern gentleman who, with two working class comrades, experiences the horrors of trench warfare. <mask> declared: "No love has ever enthralled me as did the making of this picture...All that has followed is balderdash." The following year, Vidor reunited <mask> with two of his co-stars from that picture,

masks: Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 Renée Adorée and Karl Dane, for the film La Bohème (1926) which also starred Lillian Gish. He then did another with Vidor, Bardelys the Magnificent (1926). Greta Garbo
In 1926, <mask> made Flesh and the Devil (1926), his first film with Greta Garbo. <mask> first encountered Garbo on the set during filming of the railway station scene, and the chemistry between the two was evidently instantaneous.Director Clarence Brown remarked approvingly that he "had a love affair going for me that you couldn’t beat, any way you tried." Garbo and <mask> soon began a highly publicized romance, much to the delight of their fans and to MGM. He made The Show (1927) with Adoree for Tod Browning then did Twelve Miles Out (1927) with Joan Crawford and Man, Woman and Sin (1927) with Jeanne Eagels. <mask> was reunited with Garbo in a modern adaptation of Tolstoy's 19th-century novel, Anna Karenina. The title was changed to Love (1927) to capitalize on the real life love affair of the stars and advertised by MGM as "Garbo and <mask> in Love." <mask> made The Cossacks (1928) with Adoree; Four Walls (1928) with Crawford; Show People (1928) with Marion Davies for Vidor, in which <mask> only had a cameo; and The Masks of the Devil (1928) for Victor Sjöström. Though officially directed by Edmund Goulding, <mask>, though uncredited, was responsible for directing the love scenes involving Garbo.He was perhaps the only person in the industry whose "artistic judgment" she fully respected. As such, MGM approved of this arrangement. <mask> and Garbo were teamed for a third time in A Woman of Affairs (1928). His last

masks: Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 silent film was Desert Nights (1929). Sound Era
With the coming of sound, <mask>'s vocal talents made a good first impression, though the studio had failed to conduct a voice test. The conventional wisdom of the day dictated that actors in the new talkies should emulate "correct stage diction". <mask>'s strict adherence to this method produced an affected delivery that made audiences giggle, and not due to any particularity in <mask>'s natural speech.Indeed, the "quality of his voice compared well with that of co-star Conrad Nagel, regarded as having one of the best voices for sound." <mask> signed an immensely lucrative multi-picture contract with MGM in 1928 that totaled $1,500,000. The terms of the agreement positioned MGM executives Irving Thalberg and Nicholas Schenck, both sympathetic to the star, to supervise his career. <mask>, however, frequently clashed with studio head Louis B. Mayer over creative, social and financial matters. A confrontation between the two men, one that became physical, occurred at the planned double-wedding of Garbo and <mask> and director King Vidor and actress Eleanor Boardman. Mayer reportedly made a crude remark to <mask> about Garbo, and <mask> reacted by knocking Mayer to the floor with his fist. While this story has been disputed or dismissed as hearsay by some historians, Vidor's bride Eleanor Boardman insisted that she actually witnessed the altercation.In the all-star musical comedy The Hollywood Revue of 1929 (1929), <mask> and Norma Shearer played the balcony scene from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, first as written, then followed with a


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 slang rendition of the scene. The comic effect served to "dispell the bad impression" produced by <mask>'s original "mincing" delivery. His Glorious Night

Audiences awaited further romantic roles from <mask> on the talking screen. The next vehicle was the Ruritanian romance His Glorious Night (1929), directed by Lionel Barrymore. According to reviewers, audiences laughed nervously at <mask>'s performance. The offense was not <mask>'s voice, but the awkward scenario along with the overly ardent love scenes. In one, <mask> keeps kissing his leading lady, (Catherine Dale Owen), while saying "I love you" over and over again.(The scene was parodied in the MGM musical Singin' in the Rain (1952) in which a preview of the fictional The Dueling Cavalier flops disastrously.) Director King Vidor speculated that the late Rudolph Valentino, <mask>'s main rival for romantic leads in the silent era, probably would have suffered the same fate in the talkie era had he lived. <mask>'s inept phrasing, his "dreadful enunciation" and the "inane" script as the genuine sources of his poor performance, that drew "titters" from audiences. The "Squeaky Voice" Myth

The persistent myth that <mask> had a "squeaky voice" that doomed his career in sound films first emerged from his performance in 1929 with His Glorious Night. It was even rumored that Louis B. Mayer ordered <mask>'s voice to be gelded by manipulating the sound track to give it a higher, less masculine pitch. Later, after analyzing the film's sound track, British film historian Kevin Brownlow found that the timbre and frequency of <mask>'s speaking

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title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 scenes in His Glorious Night were no different than in his subsequent talkies. Brownlow also reported from that analysis that <mask>'s voice, overall, was "quite low".With regard to the alleged manipulation of <mask>'s footage by Mayer or by anyone else, television technicians in the 1960s determined that the actor's voice was consistent with those of other performers on the same print, casting doubt that any targeted "sabotaging" of <mask>'s voice occurred. Film critic <mask> described <mask> as having "a light speaking voice", a minor defect that both MGM and the star "magnified into an obsession." Despite any conflicting opinions or myths surrounding the actor's voice, Mayer's lingering resentment and hostility toward <mask> remained apparent, especially after MGM's star signed a new contract for six pictures at $250,000 each. Those ill feelings fueled additional speculation that Mayer deliberately assigned <mask> bad scripts and ineffective directors in an effort to void the contract. Decline

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cast <mask> in a film adaptation of The Living Corpse by Tolstoy re-titled  as Redemption (1929). The bleak atmosphere and maudlin dialogue presaged the disaster looming in the star's personal life and career. <mask>'s confident screen presence had vanished, while his use of the exaggerated stage diction that elicited laughs from the audience persisted.In one scene <mask> declares ominously "I’m going to kill myself to let the whole world know what it has lost." MGM put him in a more rugged film, Way for a Sailor (1930) with Wallace Beery. He followed it with Gentleman's

masks:
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
John Baxter
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 Fate (1931). <mask> became increasingly depressed by progressively inferior films and idle stretches between productions. Despite efforts by studio executives at MGM to cancel his contract, <mask> resolved to thwart Louis B. Mayer and see the six-picture ordeal through to the end. <mask>'s fortunes were temporarily restored when MGM's production chief Irving Thalberg gave him two projects that were character studies, giving <mask> an excellent showcase for his versatility. The Phantom of Paris (1931), originally intended for Lon Chaney (who died from cancer in 1930), cast <mask> as a debonair magician and showman who is falsely accused of murder and uses his mastery of disguise to unmask the real killer.Downstairs (1932) was based on <mask>'s original story, with the actor playing against type as a scheming, blackmailing chauffeur. The films were well received by critics and fans but failed to revive his career. In between, he appeared in West of Broadway (1931). Shortly after making Downstairs, he married co-star Virginia Bruce; the couple divorced in 1934. <mask> fulfilled his contract with MGM with a perfunctory "B" picture – Fast Workers (1933) directed by Browning. He left the studio in 1933, terminating his $10,000 a week contract. Exhausted and demoralized by his humiliations at MGM and his declining success at the box office, <mask> began to drink heavily, contributing to his declining physical and mental health.Queen Christina (1933)
<mask> announced his retirement from acting and was working at Fox as an "honorary" director when, in August 1933, he announced he had signed a


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 seven-year contract with MGM at $75–100,000 a picture. The reason was  Greta Garbo insisted that <mask> return to MGM to play her leading man in Queen Christina (1933), directed by Rouben Mamoulian. Garbo was top-billed, with <mask>'s name beneath the title. Queen Christina, though a critical success, did not revive <mask>'s poor self-image or his career. Garbo was reported to have dropped the young Laurence Olivier scheduled to play the part, but director Rouben Mamoulian recalled that Olivier's screen tests had already eliminated him from consideration. Columbia Pictures gave <mask> what would be his final chance for a comeback in The Captain Hates the Sea (1934) in which he gave a capable performance as "a dissipated, bitter [and] cynical" playwright. But the off-screen cast of heavy drinkers encouraged his alcoholism.It was his last film. Biographer Kevin Brownlow's eulogy to <mask> considers the destruction of both the man and his career:
"The career of <mask> indicates that the star, and the person playing the star, were regarded by producers as separate entities, subject to totally different attitudes. <mask>, as an ordinary human being, had no legal right to the stardom that was the sole property of the studio. When <mask>, as an employee, tried to seize control of the future of <mask> the star, the studios decided to save their investment from falling into the hands of rivals, [so] they had to wreck their property. Other properties – books, films, sets – could be destroyed with impunity. But the destruction of a star carried with it the destruction of a person…it seems

masks:
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
John Gilbert
John Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 somewhat abhorrent that it took such tragedies as that of <mask> to bring us our entertainment." Personal life
<mask> was married four times.His first marriage, on August 26, 1918, was to Olivia Burwell, a native of Mississippi whom <mask> had met after her family moved to California. They separated the following year and Burwell returned to Mississippi for a while. She filed for divorce in Los Angeles in 1921. In February 1921, <mask> announced his engagement to actress Leatrice Joy. They married in Tijuana in November 1921. As <mask> had failed to secure a divorce from his first wife and the legality of <mask> and Joy's Mexican marriage was questionable, the couple separated and had the marriage annulled to avoid a scandal. They remarried on March 3, 1922.The marriage was tumultuous and, in June 1923, Joy filed for legal separation after she claimed that <mask> slapped her face after a night of heavy drinking. They reconciled several months later. In August 1924, Joy, who was pregnant with the couple's daughter, filed for divorce. Joy later said she left <mask> after discovering he was having an affair with actress Laurette Taylor. Joy also claimed that <mask> had conducted affairs with Barbara La Marr (with whom he had a romance before his marriage to Joy), Lila Lee and Bebe Daniels. <mask> and Joy had a daughter, Leatrice <mask> (later Fountain; September 4, 1924 – January 20, 2015). Joy was granted a divorce in May 1925.In 1929, <mask> eloped with actress Ina Claire to Las Vegas. They separated in February 1931 and divorced six months later. <mask>'s fourth and final marriage was

masks:
John Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert
Gilbert


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 on August 10, 1932, to actress Virginia Bruce, who had recently costarred with him on the MGM film Downstairs. The entertainment trade paper The Film Daily reported that their "quick" wedding was held in <mask>'s dressing room on the MGM lot while Bruce was working on another studio production, Kongo. Among the people attending the small ceremony were the head of MGM production Irving Thalberg, who served as <mask>'s best man; screenwriter Donald Ogden Stewart, whose wife Beatrice acted as Bruce's matron of honor; MGM art director and set designer Cedric Gibbons; and his wife, actress Dolores del Río. Bruce retired briefly from acting following the birth of their daughter Susan Ann; however, she resumed her career after her divorce from <mask> in May 1934. Before his death, <mask> dated actress Marlene Dietrich from 1935 until his death in 1936 as well as Greta Garbo from 1926 to 1927.When he died, he had recently been slated to play a prominent supporting role in Dietrich's film Desire. Death
By 1934, alcoholism had severely damaged <mask>'s health. He suffered a serious heart attack in December 1935, which left him in poor health. <mask> suffered a second heart attack at his Bel Air home on January 9, 1936, which was fatal. A private funeral was held on January 11 at the B.E. Mortuary in Beverly Hills. Among the mourners were <mask>'s two ex-wives, Leatrice Joy and Virginia Bruce, his two daughters, and stars Marlene Dietrich, Gary Cooper, Myrna Loy, and Raquel Torres.<mask> was cremated and his ashes were interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale in Glendale, California.


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 <mask> left the bulk of his estate, valued at $363,494 (equivalent to $ million in ), to his last ex-wife Virginia Bruce and their daughter, Susan Ann. He left $10,000 to his eldest daughter Leatrice, and other amounts to friends, relatives and his servants. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1755 Vine Street. In 1994, he was honored with his image on a United States postage stamp designed by caricaturist Al Hirschfeld. Filmography

In popular culture
<mask> is the subject of a mini-documentary film called Rediscovering <mask> (2010) featuring an on-camera interview with <mask>'s daughter and biographer, Leatrice <mask>. The short film, directed and produced by film historian Jeffrey Vance, has aired on the Turner Classic Movies cable channel and is also available on DVD from home video distributor Flicker Alley.Fictional portrayals
<mask> has been portrayed in several films. Barry Bostwick appeared as the actor in the television film The Silent Lovers first shown in 1980. He has also been portrayed by his grandson, <mask>, in Sunset (1988), Christopher Renstrom in La Divina (1989), and Adnan Taletovich in Return to Babylon (2012). <mask> was the inspiration behind the character of George Valentin, played by Jean Dujardin in The Artist (2011). Footnotes

Sources
Baxter, <mask>. 1970. Hollywood in the Thirties.International Film Guide Series. Paperback Library, New York. LOC Card Number 68–24003. Baxter, <mask>. 1976. King Vidor. Simon & Schuster, Inc. Monarch Film Studies.LOC Card Number 75–23544. Brownlow, Kevin

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Gilbert
Gilbert
John Gilbert
John Gilbert
John Gilbert
Gilbert Fountain
Gilbert
John Fountain
Gilbert
John
John


title: John Gilbert (actor)

texts:
 and Kobal, <mask>. 1979. Hollywood: The Pioneers. Alfred A. Knopf Inc. A Borzoi Book, New York. Koszarski, Richard. 1983.The Man You Loved to Hate: Erich von Stroheim and Hollywood. Oxford University Press. Laurier, Joanne. 2011. The Artist: An amiable gimmick. The World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved May 26, 2020. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2012/01/arti-j07.html
Phillips, Richard.2009. Several movies well worth revisiting: Sydney Film Festival 2009. World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved May 24, 2020.https://www.wsws.or g/en/articles/2009/07/sff5-j17.html
Reinhardt, Bernd. 2020. Rediscovering Hallelujah (1929), director King Vidor's sensitive film with all-black cast: 70th Berlin International Film Festival. World Socialist Web Site.Retrieved May 24, 2020. https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2020/04/07/ber2-a07.html

External links

 Interview with Marlene Dietrich's daughter mentioning <mask>
 Photographs of <mask>
 Sidereality review of "Gilbert and Garbo in Love" Book review/essay with considerable biographical material concerning <mask>

1897 births
1936 deaths
20th Century Fox contract players
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male writers
Alcohol-related deaths in California
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male silent film actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Film directors from Los Angeles
Film directors from Utah
Male actors from Utah
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
People from Bel Air, Los Angeles
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from Utah
Writers from Logan, Utah
20th-century

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John
Gilbert
John Gilbert
John Gilbert


title: Senzo Meyiwa

texts:
<mask> (24 January 1984 – 26 October 2014) was a South African professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper for Orlando Pirates in the Premier Soccer League, and for the South Africa national team. He was shot and killed in a robbery on 26 October 2014. Club career

Orlando Pirates
Meyiwa was a goalkeeper of Orlando Pirates from 2005 as reserve goalkeeper to Francis Chansa until 2008. The arrival of new coach Milutin Sredojević at Pirates gave Meyiwa a debut against AmaZulu in a league match won 2–1 by The Bucs at Ellis Park on 8 November 2006. But in 2008 when he was about to show his talent after depture of Francis Chansa to Engen Santos, Pirates brought Moeneeb Josephs from Wits University in 2008 and Meyiwa again had to be goalkeeper from the bench. But in 2012 season the interim coach Augusto Palacios gave Meyiwa some games by swiping him with Josephs, and the new coach of Pirates Roger De Sa gave Meyiwa a chance due to Josephs shoulder injury in 2012 season. Meyiwa showed his talent until he was picked for 2013 Africa Cup of Nations by then Bafana Bafana coach Gordon Igesund.Josephs wanted to leave Pirates in 2013 and he left Pirates to Bidvest Wits after seeing that he has no chance to play. Pirates brought Ghanaian first choice goalkeeper Fatau Dauda in 2013 season but Meyiwa continued to play and Dauda played only 3 games for Pirates and he left to Chippa United in 2014. <mask> is known by saving penalties in the Champions League 2013 against TP Mazembe in Lubumbashi, DRC when he saved two awarded penalties against Pirates which were both taken by then TP Mazembe captain Tresor Mputu and Pirates' then

masks:
Senzo Robert Meyiwa
Meyiwa


title: Senzo Meyiwa

texts:
 captain Lucky Lekgwathi was red carded in that match that which Pirates lost by 1-0 but Pirates won there by aggregate of 3–2, Meyiwa also saved another penalty in group stage match against Al Ahly in Cairo, Egypt that which was taken by Mohamed Aboutrika and Pirates won by 3–0, and Meyiwa also helped Pirates to go to the final against Al Ahly where Pirates were runners-up in the Final. Meyiwa was backed up by Brighton Mhlongo until his last kick of his game life in his last game against Ajax Cape Town F.C. in 2014 Telkom Knockout quarterfinal victory of 4–1 at Orlando Stadium on Saturday 25 October 2014, before his death on 26 October 2014 Sunday. <mask> was made captain of Orlando Pirates by coach Vladimir Vermezovic in his last four games for Pirates before his death after then club captain Lucky Lekgwathi was not playing and he was also made captain of Bafana Bafana by coach Shakes Mashaba in his last four games of 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification. International career
<mask> made his debut for South Africa on 2 June 2013 in a 2–0 away victory against Lesotho as substitute of the whole second half to Wayne Sandilands.He was included in the South African squad led by manager Gordon Igesund for the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, but made no appearances. For the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification, he played four times, with his last match being a 0–0 draw against Congo on 15 October 2014 at Peter Mokaba Stadium in Polokwane. He was given a captain's armband in all of his last four games that which he played in 2015 Africa Cup of Nations qualification and he joined Brian Baloyi and Moeneeb Josephs by

masks: Meyiwa Meyiwa


title: Senzo Meyiwa

texts:
 being the only goalkeepers who captained Bafana in four occasions each without conceding a goal during their captaincy, with two draws and two wins each of them. He earned a total of seven international caps with six clean sheets. Death
On 26 October 2014, Meyiwa was shot and killed in a robbery at his girlfriend's, actress and singer Kelly Khumalo, house in Vosloorus. He was pronounced dead on arrival at the hospital in Johannesburg. Three people were believed to have been involved in the shooting, and police released composite images of two suspects.One suspect, Zamokuhle Mbatha, was arrested on 31 October and appeared in court, but he was freed on 11 November due to lack of evidence. <mask>'s death sparked outrage over the country's high crime and murder rates. As a mark of respect, the Soweto derby between Orlando Pirates and Kaizer Chiefs, due to be played on 1 November, was postponed. President Jacob Zuma mourned the loss and called for Meyiwa's killers to be found. Former FIFA president Sepp Blatter called <mask>'s death a "senseless, tragic loss." Spain goalkeeper Iker Casillas posted a picture on Instagram of Meyiwa holding Casillas' Real Madrid jersey that was exchanged when Spain played South Africa in an international friendly. He was given a state funeral which took place in Durban, at Moses Mabhida Stadium on 1 November, his funeral was attended by his fans and friends, multitude of football fans, his football club colleagues, football officials and politician dignitaries included Premier Soccer League and Orlando Pirates chairman Dr. Irvin Khoza, Kaizer Chiefs chairman Kaizer Motaung, Mamelodi


title: Senzo Meyiwa

texts:
 Sundowns owner Patrice Motsepe, SAFA President Dr. Danny Jordaan, General Bantu Holomisa, Bheki Cele, Former Premiers of KwaZulu-Natal S'bu Ndebele, Dr. Zweli Mkhize who was also the program director of the funeral, Minister of Sport and Recreation Fikile Mbalula, Premier of KwaZulu-Natal <mask> Mchunu, Minister in the Presidency Jeff Radebe who made a eulogy for Meyiwa.Meyiwa was laid to rest in Chesterville, KwaZulu-Natal. During the funeral at Moses Mabhida Stadium, his father, Samuel, was photographed greeting the crowd in attendance by leaning out his car window with his arms outstretched, which sparked an internet trend. In October 2020, five men were charged with murdering Meyiwa. The suspects said that they were uninvolved in the killing. Age controversy
In November 2014, it was reported that Meyiwa had apparently lied about his real age throughout his professional career. According to his tombstone and the school register, he was born on 24 January 1984, making him thirty years old, and not 27, at the time of his death. Honors
Orlando Pirates
Premier Soccer League: 2010–11, 2011–12
Nedbank Cup: 2010–11, 2013–14
MTN 8: 2010, 2011
Telkom Knockout: 2011
CAF Champions League unner-up: 2013

References

External links

1987 births
2014 deaths
Age controversies
South African soccer players
Association football goalkeepers
Orlando Pirates F.C.players
Sportspeople from Durban
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
South Africa international soccer players
Deaths by firearm in South Africa
People murdered in South Africa
South African murder victims
Male murder victims
2014 crimes in South Africa
2010s murders in


title: William Grover-Williams

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, 16 January 1903 – 18 March 1945 (or shortly thereafter)), also known as "<mask>", was a British Grand Prix motor racing driver and special agent who worked for the Special Operations Executive (SOE) inside France. As a racing driver, he is best known for winning the first-ever Monaco Grand Prix and as an SOE agent he organised and coordinated the Chestnut network, before being captured and executed by the Nazis. Personal and early life
Grover-<mask> was born in Montrouge, Hauts-de-Seine, France, on 16 January 1903 to Frederick and Hermance Grover. Frederick Grover was an English horse breeder who had settled in Montrouge. Frederick met a French girl, Hermance Dagan, and they were soon married. Their first child was Elizabeth, born in 1897. <mask> had two other siblings – Alice and Frederic.Born to an English father and a French mother, Grover-<mask> grew up fluent in both the French and English languages. When <mask> was eleven, he was sent to live with relatives in Hertfordshire, in the United Kingdom. After the war, Frederick Grover moved the family to Monte Carlo. It was there that <mask> developed a fascination for automobiles, having been taught to drive a Rolls-Royce by his sister's boyfriend. Grover-<mask> passed his driving test whilst in Monaco and was granted a licence. Mechanically inclined, and fascinated by motorised vehicles, at the age of 15, Grover-<mask> acquired an Indian motorcycle and it became his pride and joy. He would later go on to compete in motorcycle races in the early 1920s, although he kept it secret from his family by adopting the pseudonym, "<mask>".In 1919, the Irish portrait painter, <mask> became the official artist of the Paris Peace Conference. Orpen bought a Rolls-Royce car and hired Grover-<mask>, who had returned to Paris, as his chauffeur. At the time, Orpen had a mistress named Yvonne Aupicq. Aupicq and Grover-<mask> became good friends and, after the collapse of Aupicq's relationship with Orpen, the pair were married in November

masks: William Charles Frederick Grover Williams


title: William Grover-Williams

texts:
 1929. Racing career

By 1926, Grover-<mask> had begun racing a Bugatti in races throughout France, using the alias, "<mask>", entering the Grand Prix de Provence at Miramas and the Monte Carlo Rally. In 1928, he won the French Grand Prix, repeating in 1929. That same year, driving a Bugatti 35B, painted in what would become known as "British racing green", he won the inaugural Monaco Grand Prix beating the heavily favoured Mercedes of the great German driver, Rudolf Caracciola.Successful financially, Grover-<mask> and his wife maintained a home in a fashionable district of Paris while owning a large house in the resort town of La Baule, Pays de la Loire, on the Bay of Biscay, which was home to one of the annual Grand Prix races. In 1931, he won the Belgian Grand Prix at Spa-Francorchamps. He also won the Grand Prix de la Baule in three consecutive years (1931 to 1933). Then his career waned and he was out of racing by the latter part of the 1930s. Second World War
Following the German occupation of France in the Second World War, Grover-<mask> fled to England where he joined the Royal Army Service Corps. Due to his fluency in French and English, he was recruited into the Special Operations Executive (SOE) to foster the French Resistance. He recruited fellow racing driver Robert Benoist and together they worked in the Paris region to build up a successful circuit of operatives, forming sabotage cells and reception committees for Allied parachute operations.On 2 August 1943, Grover-<mask> was arrested by the Sicherheitsdienst and underwent lengthy interrogation before being deported to Berlin and was then held prisoner in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. Death
Grover-<mask> was executed at Sachsenhausen in the spring of 1945, along with fellow SOE network leader Francis Suttill. The date of death shown on the official War Office casualty lists, originally "On or shortly after 1.2.1945" has been amended to read "On or shortly after 18.3.1945", while the Commonwealth War Graves Commission

masks:
Williams
W Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


title: William Grover-Williams

texts:
 records the date simply as 18 March 1945. No evidence has been found to support speculation that Grover-<mask> survived the war and lived on under an assumed identity as "Georges Tambal", who allegedly lived with Grover-<mask>' widow for many years. Legacy and recognition

Grover-<mask> is recorded on the Brookwood Memorial in Surrey, England, and as one of the SOE agents who died for the liberation of France, he is listed on the Valençay SOE Memorial's Roll of Honour in the French town of Valençay. Grover-<mask> was recommended for an Order of the British Empire by the head of the SOE, Major-General Colin Gubbins, in September 1945, but when it became clear that he had died the honour was not awarded. The Saboteur, a 2009 video game, features an Irish protagonist named Sean Devlin who is inspired by Grover-<mask>.A statue of Grover-<mask> in his 1929 Monaco Grand Prix-winning Bugatti Type 35 is located at the first corner of the Circuit de Monaco (Sainte-Dévote Chapel). The statue is temporarily moved a couple of meters during the yearly Monaco Grand Prix and the biannual Monaco ePrix and Historic Grand Prix of Monaco. Results and records

Grand Prix wins

Complete European Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

References

Books

 (A novel based on Grover-<mask>'s life.) Notes

1903 births
1945 deaths
British Army personnel killed in World War II
British people executed in Nazi concentration camps
Bugatti people
Chauffeurs
English expatriates in Monaco
English people of French descent
English racing drivers
Executed people from Île-de-France
Executed spies
French people executed in Nazi concentration camps
French racing drivers
French Resistance members
Grand Prix drivers
People from Montrouge
People who died in Sachsenhausen concentration camp
British Army General List officers
Spies who died in Nazi concentration camps
French Special Operations Executive personnel
British Special Operations Executive personnel
Sportspeople from Hauts-de-Seine
European

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


title: Rei Yasuda

texts:
 because all of the band's events use high tech pre-recorded video of her for Live PA, with the notable example of Lumi introducing the former U.S. Vice President Al Gore using Musion Eyeliner in Live Earth concert, Tokyo 2007. Yasuda noted that at first her voice and appearance are heavily processed but later the process effect became weaker and her identity became more clear.2013-present: Solo career

After graduating high school, Yasuda decided to pursue a full-time music career in spite of advice given to her to attend university instead. In 2013, Yasuda changed agencies and debuted as a solo singer under Sony Records with her Japanese name, <mask> <mask>, debuting with "Best of My Love", which served as the ending theme to Space Battleship Yamato 2199. Unlike Genki Rockets, the song's music video was shot on location instead of a green screen. In its music video, the UFO came to the world where the civilization hasn't been developed, which Yasuda found that that contrast is interesting. Kenji Tamai, who Yasuda worked with in Genki Rockets, helped produce and prepare for her solo debut after her high school graduation. In addition to singing, Yasuda also continued modeling, starting the fashion blog Nylonista for Nylon Japan and performing for Nylon's special stage in Girls Award 2013 Autumn/Winter. In April 2014, she started shoe blog for ABC-Mart, accompanied with the release of her single "Passcode 4854."She participated in Escada fashion event in April 2014 and Tokyo Girls Collection festival once a year from 2013 to 2016, with the 2013 Autumn/Winter being her first live performance. She was featured in Sendai Collection 2014 and her song "Inside Out" became the brand's promotional single for the brand's event in August 2014. Her first two albums, Will and Prism, both ranked first on the Japanese iTunes Store's J-Pop Top Album chart and second on the Overall Album chart. She was selected as Japanese iTunes New Artist 2014 and nominated in 57th Japan Record Awards for Best New Artist in 2015. In August

masks: Rei Yasuda


title: Rei Yasuda

texts:
 2015, she performed to 34,000 youths from 150 countries gathered in Yamaguchi Prefecture for 23rd World Scout Jamboree. She had been appeared as a model for three consecutive years on Flags fashion building in Shinjuku for its 16th-18th anniversary and was selected alongside with Rihwa as campaign ambassadors for its 20th anniversary. She was both the performer and model for Kansai Collection Autumn/Winter 2016.She was the 60th Tokyo IT Girls model for Vogue Girl Japan. Her first live performance outside Japan was in November 2016 for the event "Japan Media Mix Festival in Taipei 2016". She was nominated for Best Teen Choice Award in 2016 MTV Video Music Awards Japan. In 2017, she became Lumine Est brand ambassador and her song "Up to Me" became its promotional theme for their summer collection and "Not Enough" for winter collection. Radio host
<mask> hosted her own program "City Girls Music" for Japan FM Network since 2016. She also co-host "JA Zen-noh Countdown Japan" with another British-Japanese radio personality George Williams for Tokyo FM in every Saturday noon began in April 2017. Other works
Rei was the NylonTV Japan's backstage reporter for Vantan Cutting Edge 2013 fashion show.She was selected as Yahoo! Japan smartphone guide for iTunes Festival 2014 in London, interviewing Foxes, Jenny Lewis, and Clean Bandit. She wrote the lyrics for the Japanese version of Charli XCX's song Boom Clap and later wrote the lyrics for some of her own songs. She made a cameo appearance in TBS drama "100 days: Love, Marriage, Sickness and Mom" that used her song "Ashitairo" as theme song. Discography

Albums

EP

Singles

Digital exclusives

As featured artist

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Singers from Tokyo
Japanese pop singers
Japanese women pop singers
Japanese pop musicians
Sony Music Entertainment Japan artists
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
Anime singers
Anime musicians
Japanese people of American descent
Japanese female models
Japanese radio


title: Galusha A. Grow

texts:
<mask> (August 31, 1823 – March 31, 1907) was an American politician, lawyer, writer and businessman, who served as 24th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1861 to 1863. Elected as a Democrat in the 1850 congressional elections, he switched to the newly-organized Republican Party in the mid-1850s when the Democratic Party tried to force the extension of slavery into western territories. Elected speaker for the 37th Congress, <mask> presided over the House during the initial years of the American Civil War. During his tenure Congress passed the landmark Homestead Act of 1862, which he supported. <mask> was defeated for reelection in 1862. For over a century he remained the last incumbent House speaker to be defeated, until Speaker Tom Foley lost his seat in 1994. After leaving office he continued to speak out on political issues, but did not serve in elective office.Then, 31 years after leaving office, <mask> won an 1894 special election to succeed William Lilly. It remains one of the longest known interregnums between terms of service for a House member. Over the course of his career, <mask> represented the people of three Pennsylvania congressional districts: the  (1851–1853),  (1853–1863), and  (1894–1903). Early life and education
<mask> was born <mask> <mask> in Ashford, Connecticut. His given names were the suggestions of an aunt living in Vermont, who was visiting <mask>'s mother when he was christened: "<mask>" was the aunt's husband's name (his full name was <mask> (1764–1807)), and "Galusha" was the surname of a governor of Vermont she admired. His family called him Galusha when he was growing up, and before <mask> was a teenager, he had started writing his name with his given names reversed.

masks:
Galusha Aaron Grow
Grow
Grow
Grow
Grow
Grow
Aaron Galusha
Grow
Grow
Aaron
Aaron Nichols
Grow


title: Galusha A. Grow

texts:
 He was educated at Franklin Academy in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, and later at Amherst College.He studied law and was admitted to the bar in November 1847 and then began his law practice. Political career

Early elections
<mask> ran as a Democrat in the 1850 election and served as a member of that party during the 32nd and 33rd congresses, and into the 34th Congress. He switched parties in the wake of President Pierce's signing of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. He ran as a Republican in the 1856 election and remained a member of that party for the rest of his political career. Congressional brawl of 1858
During the 35th United States Congress, on February 5, 1858, he was physically attacked by Democrat Laurence M. Keitt in the House chambers, leading to a brawl between northerners and southerners. Keitt, offended by <mask>'s having stepped over to his side of the House chamber, dismissively demanded that <mask> sit down, calling him a "black Republican puppy". <mask> responded by telling Keitt that "No negro-driver shall crack his whip over me."Keitt became enraged and went for <mask>'s throat, shouting that he would "choke [him] for that". A large brawl involving approximately fifty representatives erupted on the House floor, ending only when a missed punch from Rep. Cadwallader Washburn upended the hairpiece of Rep. William Barksdale. The embarrassed Barksdale accidentally replaced the wig backwards, causing both sides to erupt in spontaneous laughter. Later that year <mask> was re-elected to a fifth term. When the next Congress convened in December 1859, he was one of 90 congressmen to receive votes during the two-month-long 44-ballot speaker election, dropping out following the first ballot. 1861 speaker

masks: Grow Grow Grow Grow Grow Grow


title: Galusha A. Grow

texts:
 election
The deepening rift between slave states and free states overshadowed <mask>'s 1861 re-election victory, as a national crisis erupted in December 1860 when South Carolina became the first of several Southern states to adopt an Ordinance of Secession. Four months later, on April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired upon Fort Sumter, igniting the Civil War.In response, President <mask> called the 37th Congress into session on July 4. When the House convened that day, <mask> was nominated to be Speaker of the House; also nominated was Francis Preston Blair Jr. <mask> was elected on the first ballot, but only after Blair withdrew following the roll call vote, at which time 28 votes shifted to Grow. 1861 election for speaker159 votes cast, 80 votes necessary to win election:
 <mask> A<mask> (R–Pennsylvania) 99
 Francis Preston Blair Jr. (R–Missouri) 12
 John J. Crittenden (U–Kentucky) 12
 John S. Phelps (D–Missouri) 7
 Clement Vallandingham (D–Ohio) 7
 Erastus Corning (D–New York) 7
 Samuel S. Cox (D–Ohio) 6
 Others 9

Although events of the war dominated and the First Battle of Bull Run occurred only two weeks after the 37th Congress was called into session, under <mask>'s leadership, several major acts of Congress were passed and signed into law, particularly the Morrill Land-Grant College Act (passed House June 17, 1862), the Pacific Railway Act authorizing land grants to encourage the construction of the transcontinental railroad, and the Homestead Act, which in over a century resulted in the establishment of 1.6 million homesteads. Loss of congressional seat and interim
<mask>, a supporter of the Radical Republicans, was defeated in his re-election bid in 1862, becoming the second sitting House Speaker in a

masks:
Grow
Abraham Lincoln
Grow
Grow
Galusha
. Grow
Grow
Grow


title: Galusha A. Grow

texts:
 row to lose his seat. <mask> was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1864 and 1868. He moved to Houston, Texas in 1871, and that year became president of what became known as the International - Great Northern Railroad, a position he held until 1875.He then returned to Pennsylvania and the practice of law from 1875 to 1894. Return to Congress

<mask> returned to the United States Congress as a member at-large from Pennsylvania from 1894 to 1903; was the chairman of the committee on education in the 56th Congress. Death and legacy
<mask> resided in Glenwood, Pennsylvania from 1903 until his death at age 84. A biography of <mask> <mask>, <mask> A<mask>: Father of the Homestead Law, was written by James T. Du Bois and Gertrude S. Mathews and published by Houghton Mifflin in 1917. A monument to <mask> was erected in 1915 at the Susquehanna County Courthouse Complex in Montrose, Pennsylvania. See also
 List of American politicians who switched parties in office
 List of United States representatives who switched parties

References

External links
  <mask> <mask> from Mr. Lincoln's White House, a website of the Lehrman Institute
 <mask>, <mask> <mask> (1823-1907) from The Political Graveyard

American transportation businesspeople
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania lawyers
Speakers of the United States House of Representatives
1823 births
1907 deaths
Amherst College alumni
People from Ashford, Connecticut
Pennsylvania Democrats
Pennsylvania Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American

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Grow
Grow
Grow
Galusha
Grow
Galusha
. Grow
Grow
Galusha
Grow
Grow
Galusha
Aaron


title: Peggy Angus

texts:
Margaret MacGregor "<mask>" <mask> (9 November 1904 – 28 October 1993) was a British painter, designer and educator. Born in Chile, she spent her career in Britain. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Chile on 9 November 1904, in a railway station, the eleventh of thirteen children of a Scottish railway engineer. She spent her first five years in Chile. In Britain, she grew up in Muswell Hill and became a pupil at the North London Collegiate School. At 17, she entered the Royal College of Art and, later, won a painting and teaching scholarship to Paris. At the RCA, her contemporaries included the sculptors Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth, the painters Eric Ravilious and Edward Bawden, and illustrators Barnett Freedman and Enid Marx.<mask> wanted to be a painter but soon transferred to the Design School at the RCA, where she was taught by Paul Nash. In order to earn a living, <mask> took a teacher training course and began her first teaching post in 1925. <mask> travelled to Russia in 1932 for an art teachers' study visit and later urged her students to travel to the Soviet Union. This earned her the nickname "<mask>." Personal life

After her visit to Russia in 1932, she became one of the founding members of Artists' International Association, an organisation born out of social and political conflicts of the 1930s. Between 1938 and 1947, <mask> was married to James Maude Richards, a young architect and writer, with whom she had a daughter, Victoria, and a son <mask>. Later, Richards and <mask> divorced.Richards became editor of the Architectural Review and introduced her to many modernist architects. She was a charismatic and formidable character, opinionated and inclined to exhibitionism but also

masks:
Peggy
Angus
Margaret MacGgor Angus
Angus
Angus
Angus
Red Angus
Angus
Angus
Angus


title: Peggy Angus

texts:
 generous spirited, extremely sociable and a great inspiration to many young people. <mask> had a great love of the outdoor life – camping and hiking – and was an intrepid traveller with her rucksack on her back. She eschewed a bourgeois lifestyle for places without modern conveniences, such as Furlongs on the Sussex Downs and her bothie she bought from Artist Charles Higgins in the Outer Hebrides. In her childhood, she befriended gypsies in north London encampments and learnt a little Romany. She travelled widely in Europe and across the Middle East to India and Pakistan, looking at patterns and popular culture. <mask> spent a year in Indonesia on a scholarship studying Folk Art in Java and Bali.She went twice to the USSR, in 1932 as a delegate for the Art Masters Association, and again in the late 1960s with her friends Ursula Mommens and Pearl Binder and teachers of music, art and drama, arranged through the Society of Cultural Relations with the USSR. Design work and art
<mask> became best known for her industrial designs, tiles and wallpapers. Her significant achievements included a tile mural for the Susan Lawrence School in east London, a 'live exhibit' for the Festival of Britain, a tile mural at the British Pavilion at the 1958 Bruxelles Exhibition, and tile designs for Sir Frederick Gibberd at London Heathrow Airport Underground Station. She also designed a new form of marbling design for glass cladding for the original buildings at Gatwick Airport, which produced by the firm TW Ide was given the trade name 'Anguside'. The massive post-war increase in new public architecture led to a large number of commissions from F.R.S. Yorke of YRM (Yorke Rosenberg and Mardell) for tile designs, particularly

masks: Angus Angus Angus


title: Peggy Angus

texts:
 for new schools and colleges. Her tile designs were produced commercially by Carter and Sons of Poole, Dorset.In 1952, she was made a member of the national Council of Industrial Design. <mask> was also interested in mural painting and made several murals for private clients. She tested her designs on demonstration lengths of lining paper. Architects who saw these encouraged her to develop a hand-printed wallpaper business. This coincided with the 1960s expansion of DIY and the development of 'choose your own colour mix' vinyl emulsion paints which she used with hand-cut linoleum printing blocks. She won the Sanderson Centenary wallpaper prize but their subsequent commercial version, which had the regularity of a machine printed design, was far less restful to the eye than the subtle changes of pigment and pressure when done by her own methods. The artist always wanted her designs to be a sympathetic background on which to hang pictures.She continued to print her own designs with the help of a team of willing apprentices. <mask>'s paintings of the family of Ramsay MacDonald and of John Piper hang in the National Portrait Gallery in London. Ishbel MacDonald was a lifelong friend; <mask> occasionally stayed at Chequers with her and enjoyed the subversiveness of drawing cartoons for the Daily Worker while she was there. Furlongs

From 1933 onwards <mask> rented a shepherd's cottage, Furlongs, near Beddingham at the foot of the South Downs, and made that a home to which a circle of artists of gathered. These included Eric Ravilious and John Piper. Ravilious considered that his time at Furlongs:

Ravilious made many drawings and paintings of the Downs around Furlongs and of the cottage inside and out. He and

masks: Angus Angus Angus Angus


title: Peggy Angus

texts:
 <mask> both made paintings together at the quarry and cement works at Asham nearby.Other visitors included Herbert Read, Olive Cook and Edwin Smith and Percy Horton and architects Moholy-Nagy, Serge Chermayeff, Ernő Goldfinger, Frederick Gibberd, Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew. Her lifelong friendship with John Piper and Myfanwy Evans resulted in a long correspondence about Folk Art and Popular Art. Teacher
<mask> was a part-time teacher for much of her life and believed her teaching was as important as creating her own work. Post-war she taught briefly alongside Quentin Bell at a private girls' school in Sussex (they had been friends and colleagues in the Artists International Association). From 1930 to 1946, <mask> taught art at secondary schools in Sussex and London, before returning to the North London Collegiate School in 1947. As Head of Art at the North London Collegiate School for Girls, her own old school, she believed in setting up communal projects where pupils' works could be displayed to their best advantage. These projects also improved the school's visual environment and expanded her influence beyond the art rooms.She wanted to encourage a sense of patronage and visual literacy for all, including those not thinking of following an artistic career. She remained a teacher at the school until 1970. Further reading
 Carolyn Trant, Art for Life: the Story of <mask> (2 vols., 2005. Incline Press) [Limited edition]

References

External links

1904 births
1993 deaths
20th-century English painters
20th-century British women artists
People educated at North London Collegiate School
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
British designers
English women painters
People from Muswell Hill
20th-century English

masks:
Peggy
Peggy Angus
Angus
Peggy Angus


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts: <mask> (; born 17 March 1939), sometimes popularly known as "Trap" or "Il Trap", is an Italian football manager and former footballer, considered the most successful club coach of Italian football. A former defensive midfielder, as a player he spent almost his entire club career with AC Milan, where he won two Serie A league titles (1961–62 and 1967–68), and two European Cups, in 1962–63 and 1968–69. Internationally, he played for Italy, earning 17 caps and being part of the squad at the 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile. One of the most celebrated managers in football history, <mask> is one of only five coaches, alongside Carlo Ancelotti, Ernst Happel, José Mourinho and Tomislav Ivić to have won league titles in four different European countries; in total, <mask> has won 10 league titles in Italy, Germany, Portugal and Austria. Alongside Udo Lattek, he is the only coach to have won all three major European club competitions (European Cup, UEFA Cup, UEFA Cup Winners' Cup) and the only one to make it with the same club (Juventus). Also, he is the only one to have won all official continental club competitions and the world title, achieving this with Juventus during his first spell with the club. He is one of the rare few to have won the European Cup, the Cup Winners' Cup and Intercontinental Cup as both a player and manager.Regarded as the most famous and consistent disciple of Nereo Rocco, <mask> coached his native Italy national team to the 2002 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2004, but could not replicate his club successes with Italy, suffering a controversial early exit in both competitions. <mask> was most recently the manager of the Republic of Ireland national football team. He

masks:
Giovanni Trapattoni
Trapattoni
Trapattoni
Trapattoni
Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 led them to their first European Championships in 24 years, enjoying a successful UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying campaign. This followed narrowly missing out on the 2010 FIFA World Cup, after his team were controversially knocked out by France. Club career

Born in Cusano Milanino near Milan, <mask> had a successful career as a player with AC Milan, playing either as a central defender or as a defensive midfielder with the main task of passing the ball to more creative players such as <mask> and Gianni Rivera. He won two Serie A titles (1961–62, 1967–68) and two European Cups (1962–63, 1968–69) during his time with Milan, and was one of the stars of the 1963 European Cup Final against Benfica, successfully man-marking Eusébio in the second half. Similarly, in the team's 4–1 victory in the 1969 European Cup Final against Ajax, he drew praise in the Italian media for his defending and ability to nullify the offensive threat of Johann Cruyff.After taking a break from the national team, <mask> thought he could settle with a mid-table team for one last season instead of being at one club all his life, subsequently moving to Varese and, after a successful season with them, retired from professional football and embarked on a highly successful managerial career two years later. International career

<mask> also played for the Italy national football team between 1960 and 1964, earning 17 caps and scoring 1 goal. Most notably, he was part of the squad at the 1962 FIFA World Cup in Chile, although he was unable to play any matches during the tournament after sustaining an injury. He was also part of Italy's squad at the 1960 Summer Olympics. <mask> is also remembered for his performance in

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Trapattoni
Giovanni Lodetti
Trapattoni
Trapattoni
Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 Italy's 3–0 friendly victory over Brazil at the San Siro stadium in Milan on 12 May 1963; during the match, he was able to nullify Pelé's impact on the game through his man-marking ability, with the latter asking to be substituted for Quarentinha in the 26th minute of the second half, whom <mask> also successfully defended. However, Pelé later stated in 2000 that his performance was due to stomach pains, and that he was forced to play due to contractual obligations; <mask> himself also frequently downplayed his performance during the match, even prior to Pelé's comments, stating: "the truth is that on that day he was half-injured. Tired.I was a good footballer, but let's leave Pelé alone. He was a martian." Style of play
A talented defensive-minded player, <mask> began coaching at Milan as a youth team coach, before becoming caretaker coach. <mask> was caretaker coach from 9 April 1974 to 30 June 1974. His first match was the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup semi–final first leg against Borussia Mönchengladbach.Milan won the match 2–0. They got to the final after only losing the second leg 1–0. Milan lost the final 2–0 to East German club 1. FC Magdeburg. Milan finished seventh in Serie A. He was appointed first team coach in 1975. <mask> was head coach for Juventus for ten consecutive years, from 1 July 1976 to 30 June 1986.<mask> won all UEFA club competitions (a European record). He won the Serie A league title six times (1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86), the Coppa Italia twice (1978–79 and 1982–83), the European Cup in 1984–85 (in a final against then-reigning champions Liverpool marked by the Heysel disaster), the Intercontinental Cup in 1985, the Cup Winners'

masks: Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattonirapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 Cup in 1983–84, the European Super Cup in 1984, and the UEFA Cup in 1976–77. Apart from winning the European Cup in 1984–85, <mask> came close to conquering the trophy on another occasion, in 1982–83, but Juventus suffered a surprising defeat at the hands of Hamburg in the Athens final, finishing as runners-up. During his years managing Juventus, <mask> established himself as one of the best managers in football history, well-known and respected among fans and journalists throughout Europe. He was renowned for combining expert man-management with almost unmatched tactical knowledge. 1986–1994: Inter Milan and return to Juventus
Trapattoni coached Inter Milan from 1 July 1986 to 30 June 1991. While in charge of the nerazzurri, he won the Serie A in 1988–89, the Supercoppa Italiana in 1989 and the UEFA Cup in 1990–91.He then managed Juventus for a second time between 1991 and 1994, winning the UEFA Cup in 1992–93. 1994–1998: Bayern Munich, return to Serie A, and back to Bayern Munich
<mask> became coach of Bayern Munich in the summer of 1994, after the end of his second spell with Juventus. However, he left at the end of the 1994–95 season. <mask> coached Cagliari in the 1995–96 season. His first match was a 1–0 loss to Udinese on 26 August 1995. The club's board of directors decided to dismiss him in February 1996, after a string of bad results; <mask> was thus fired for the first time in his career. His final match was a 4–1 loss to Juventus.Cagliari were in 13th place at the time of his sacking. <mask> returned to manage Bayern again in July 1996. He is well remembered by German fans for an emotional outburst in broken German during a press conference on 10 March 1998 (" [...]

masks: Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 " [German uses the verb  ('to be') and not  ('to have') to express "I have finished"/"I am done"] − "How dare Strunz? [...] I have finished!") where he criticised the attitude of Mehmet Scholl and Mario Basler ("" − "These players were weak like a bottle empty!"). In a 2011 interview, <mask> himself explained his famous outburst thus:

As Bayern manager <mask> won the German Bundesliga in 1996–97, the German Cup (DFB-Pokal) in 1997–98 and the German League Cup (DFB-Ligapokal) in 1997. He left Bayern at the end of the 1997–98 season and was replaced by Ottmar Hitzfeld.1998–2004: Fiorentina and Italy national team
<mask> coached Fiorentina from 1998 to 2000. With <mask>'s expert guidance, Fiorentina made a serious challenge for the title in 1998–99, finishing the season in 3rd place, which earned them qualification to the Champions League, also reaching the 1999 Coppa Italia Final. The following season was rather disappointing in Serie A, with Fiorentina finishing in 7th place, but <mask> led them to some historic results in the Champions League, beating Arsenal 1–0 at the old Wembley Stadium and Manchester United 2–0 in Florence. In July 2000, <mask> took charge of the Italy national football team after the resignation of Dino Zoff. He led the team to the 2002 FIFA World Cup, qualifying undefeated to that tournament. Prior to the tournament, <mask> was surrounded by controversy after he omitted fan favourite Roberto Baggio – who had recently recovered from injury – from Italy's final 23-man squad, as he believed that the player was not yet fully fit. Italy were drawn in Group G of the tournament with Ecuador, Croatia and Mexico.They won their first match, beating Ecuador 2–0,

masks: Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts: but then suffered a surprise 2–1 defeat at the hands of Croatia. In their final group game, Italy drew 1–1 with Mexico, securing qualification to the Round of 16 with a second-place finish in their group, where they faced tournament co-hosts South Korea. Italy lost 2–1 and were eliminated from the World Cup, conceding an equaliser two minutes from full-time and losing in extra time with Ahn Jung-Hwan scoring the golden goal. The game was highly controversial with members of the Italian team, most notably <mask> and forward Francesco Totti, suggesting a conspiracy to eliminate Italy from the competition. <mask> even obliquely accused FIFA of ordering the official to ensure a South Korean victory so that one of the two host nations would remain in the tournament. The most contentious decisions were an early penalty awarded to South Korea (saved by Gianluigi Buffon), a golden goal by Damiano Tommasi ruled offside, and the sending off of Totti, who received a second yellow card for an alleged dive in the penalty area, all ruled by the referee Byron Moreno. Following the team's exit, Italy were criticised in the Italian and International press for their poor performance and ultra-defensive playing style under <mask>, who also came under fire in the Italian media for his tactics, which included initially refusing to play two of the team's star playmakers – Alessandro Del Piero and Francesco Totti – alongside one another during the tournament, and substituting a forward – Del Piero – for a holding midfielder – Gennaro Gattuso – in the second half of Italy's round of 16 match, in order to attempt to defend their 1–0 lead against South Korea.Italy went on to secure qualification for

masks: Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 UEFA Euro 2004 easily, but once again failed to impress at the tournament itself. They were drawn in Group C with Denmark, Sweden and Bulgaria. They drew 0–0 with Denmark and 1–1 with Sweden, beating Bulgaria 2–1 in their final group game. This led to an unexpected early exit from the tournament, despite Italy being undefeated. Denmark and Sweden drew in the group's final match, eliminating Italy who finished in third place of Group C, on account of goal difference. More specifically, Sweden, Denmark and Italy all finished with five points, with each team having defeated Bulgaria but drawn their two other games. As all results between the three teams in question were draws, both the points won in these games and the goal difference accrued in these games still left the teams undivided.The decisive tiebreaker was therefore the goals scored during the games between one another: Italy, having scored the fewest goals of the three teams, were therefore eliminated. <mask> later said: "Sweden against Denmark, I remember the game. Do you know what Johansson [the then UEFA president Lennart Johansson] said? 'If this game finishes in a draw, we will open an investigation' Do you know if he made the investigation? I'm still waiting for the investigation." These comments came eight years later, in 2012. Marcello Lippi replaced <mask> on 15 July 2004.2004–2008: Benfica, Stuttgart, and Red Bull Salzburg
On 5 July 2004, <mask> was named as new coach of Benfica. He led them to the 2004–05 Portuguese league title, which was the club's first in 11 years. Benfica also reached the Portuguese Cup final that season, but lost to Vitória de Setúbal. <mask> resigned after the end of the 2004–05 season,

masks: Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 saying he wanted to be closer to his family (in the north of Italy). <mask> returned to management in the German Bundesliga in June 2005, by signing at VfB Stuttgart. However, during his 20 games at the helm, Stuttgart produced poor results. Denmark internationals Jon Dahl Tomasson and Jesper Grønkjær openly criticised their coach, claiming he was afraid to attack.<mask> immediately responded by dropping both players to the bench. With the atmosphere in the team worsening, he was sacked after just seven months, on 9 February 2006, reportedly for "not fulfilling the ambitions of the club". He was replaced as manager by Armin Veh. In May 2006, Red Bull Salzburg announced they had signed <mask> as their new manager and Director of Football, along with one of his former players, Lothar Matthäus, who was to serve as <mask>'s co-manager. <mask> initially cast doubt on this report, claiming he had not signed any contract. But three days later, both he and Matthäus signed and made their hirings official. As he had done with Benfica in Portugal two years before, <mask> managed to deliver instantly, winning the league title after a long period of failures for the club; he secured the 2006–07 Austrian Bundesliga, which was Salzburg's first in 10 years.At the end of the season, the club's board of directors unanimously decided to dismiss Matthäus, and Thorsten Fink became Trapattoni's assistant manager. 2008–2013: Republic of Ireland

On 11 February 2008, Trapattoni "agreed in principle" to take over the Republic of Ireland manager's job, but finished the season with Red Bull before taking up the Irish position on 1 May. Former Ireland midfielder Liam Brady was expected to be part of the


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts: Italian's backroom staff, while Marco Tardelli was confirmed as Trapattoni's assistant manager. Trapattoni signed Brady back in 1980 for Juventus from Arsenal for just over £500,000. Red Bull Salzburg confirmed, on 13 February 2008, that at the end of the 2007–08 season, Trapattoni would be leaving the club to take over as the Republic of Ireland manager. Manuela Spinelli became Trapattoni's interpreter. Because of her ability to speak both Italian and English, she became a familiar sight alongside him during most interviews.She also appeared on The Late Late Show without <mask>. <mask>'s first game in charge, a friendly against Serbia on 24 May 2008, ended in a 1–1 draw. His second, another friendly, against Colombia five days later, meant his first victory with the national side, 1–0. This was followed by a 1–1 draw with Norway, his first competitive win against Georgia and a draw with Montenegro in 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification. <mask>'s first defeat came in a friendly against Poland on 19 November 2008, a 3–2 loss at Croke Park. He also managed to claim a 1–1 away draw against 2006 FIFA World Cup champions Italy, that he had managed himself from 2000 to 2004, thanks to a late equaliser from Robbie Keane. He finished the qualifying campaign unbeaten, becoming only the third Irish manager to do so, qualifying for a playoff place for the 2010 World Cup.In September 2009, he signed a new contract with Ireland that would have seen him continue as manager until UEFA Euro 2012. In the first leg of the World Cup playoff in Croke Park on 14 November 2009, France won 1–0 with a goal by Nicolas Anelka. In the second leg in Paris, on 18 November 2009, a goal from Robbie Keane


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 levelled the aggregate scores at 1–1 in the first half. In extra time, however, a William Gallas equaliser put France through 2–1 on aggregate. Replays of the French goal showed that Thierry Henry had twice used his hand to control the ball and was in an offside position before crossing for Gallas to head home. In May 2011, he managed Ireland as they won the Nations Cup, after a 1–0 win against Scotland. Later that year he managed the Ireland national team to UEFA Euro 2012 qualification, following a 5–1 aggregate play-off win against Estonia.<mask> was rewarded with a new two-year contract by the Football Association of Ireland (FAI). His success was praised by, among others, Dietmar Hamann. Ireland exited UEFA Euro 2012 at the group stage, after losing to eventual finalists Spain and Italy. Early in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualification, Ireland suffered a 6–1 defeat to Germany at home with a severely depleted team available. On 29 May 2013, Trapattoni's Ireland side faced off against England for the first time in eighteen years at the Wembley Stadium in a match which ended 1–1. <mask> parted ways with the Republic of Ireland national team on 11 September 2013 by mutual consent, after a defeat by Austria effectively ended their chances of qualification for the 2014 World Cup. Vatican City
Trapattoni has managed the Vatican City national football team which is a member of neither FIFA nor UEFA.His first match as manager was played on 23 October 2010 when Vatican City faced a team composed of Italian financial police. Previously, at the age of 71 <mask> was quoted as saying, "When I retire, I would like to become coach of the Vatican." S. Pietro e Paolo Desio

In 2015, <mask> was


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts:
 symbolically appointed S. Pietro e Paolo Desio's manager during the related patronal feast. Personal life
<mask> comes from a working-class background and lost his father as a child. A devout Roman Catholic, he regularly attends Regina Pacis Church in his hometown of Cusano Milanino whenever he is home and is a cooperator of Opus Dei. He and his wife Paola have a son and a daughter and are grandparents. Health
In August 2010, <mask> was admitted to a hospital in Dublin, one-day before Ireland's friendly with Argentina.It was initially believed that the shellfish he had eaten before arriving in the country was to blame for him feeling unwell. He underwent surgery in the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin on 11 August. He missed the Argentina game due to his surgery. In January 2011, reports in the Italian media, claimed that he was at home recovering from a mild stroke he suffered during surgery on 28 December 2010. The reports claimed that the stroke had caused partial paralysis on the right side of his body. In a statement released through the FAI, <mask> said that while he did have scheduled surgery in Italy over Christmas, he had not suffered a stroke. Style of management

Considered one of the greatest and most successful managers of all time, <mask> is highly regarded for his man-management, motivational and organisational abilities, as well as his tactical acumen, being referred to in international media as "the King of Catenaccio" or the "Old Fox".He is known in particular for his direct management style and use of rigorous, innovative tactics, while his teams are usually known for their mental strength, organisation, and use of prepared set plays; <mask>

masks: Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni Trapattoni


title: Giovanni Trapattoni

texts: was the main author and practitioner of the "zona mista" style of play (or "Gioco all'Italiana"), which was regarded as an evolution of the more traditional and defensive-minded Catenaccio system, which had been popularised in Italy by one of his major influences as a manager, Nereo Rocco; Rocco's tactics mainly focussed on sitting back and defending, and subsequently scoring on counter-attacks with few touches after winning back the ball. The zona mista tactical system came to be known as such as it instead drew elements from both man-marking strategies – such as Italian catenaccio – and zonal marking systems – such as the Dutch total football; this tactical system dominated Italian football from the mid-1970s until the late 1980s, which saw the emergence of Arrigo Sacchi's high-pressing, offensive minded zonal marking system. Although <mask> was known for his defensive minded approach as a manager, his teams often made use of a ball–playing sweeper or libero – with good technique, vision, and an ability to read the game –, who was responsible both for defending and starting attacking plays from the back, as well as a creative and skilful offensive playmaker in midfield behind the forwards. As such, his teams were known for their defensive strength and playing style, as well as their ability to score from counter-attacks. In 2014, <mask> attributed his success and tactical intelligence as a manager to his time playing in midfield throughout his playing career, which allowed him to understand both the offensive and defensive phases of the game. Throughout his career, he used several different formations, including a 4–4–2, a 4–3–1–2, 4–2–3–1, 3–4–1–2, and a 3–5–2, as well as

masks: Trapattoni Trapattoni