title: Alexander Schapiro

texts: <mask> made sure that the visiting syndicalists were apprised of the imprisonment of anarchists and the hunger strike. The foreign syndicalists raised the issue with the head of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky, and with Lenin himself.Finally, negotiations in which <mask>, Berkman, two Spanish delegates, and two French delegates represented the syndicalist side yielded a compromise with the Bolshevik leadership. The anarchist prisoners would end their hunger strike, be released, and leave the country. They remained imprisoned until September, when they were released and allowed to emigrate to Germany by the end of the year. Among them were Maximoff, Volin, Mark Mrachnyi, and Efim Iarchuk who had all worked with <mask> in the Golos Truda group. While the negotiations were still ongoing, Nikolai Bukharin addressed the RILU congress in the name of the Bolshevik Party and attacked the Russian anarchist movement. This caused the congress to erupt into chaotic shouting. The French syndicalist Henri Sirolle then responded for the syndicalist delegates and defended Russian anarchism.He demanded that a representative of the Russian syndicalist movement who was present, most likely <mask>, be allowed to address the congress, but he was denied. After the congress, <mask> denounced the RILU as "the illegitimate daughter of the Communist International, and consequently the handmaiden of the Russian Communist Party" and warned Italian syndicalists against associating with it. In November 1921, <mask>, Berkman, and Goldman received permission from the Soviet government to attend an international anarchist congress in Berlin in December. They were held up in

masks: Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro


title: Alexander Schapiro

type: original

texts: Latvia when the visa for Germany they had been promised was not issued. Goldman suspected the Bolsheviks were behind this, but this is unlikely. The American government had circulated photos <mask>, Berkman, and Goldman to its foreign embassies, as it was concerned that Goldman might try to return to the United States. With them having already missed the congress, Sweden issued the trio visas two weeks later, but on the train on their way to Stockholm the Latvian police arrested them.Their belongings were searched and they were jailed for a week. This was engineered by the American commissioner in Riga who was then able to search the anarchists' belongings and make copies of all documents the American government might be interested in. <mask>, Berkman, and Goldman were released and able to leave Latvia for Sweden on December 30. Their status in Sweden was precarious and they were only allowed to stay as long as they pledged not to participate in anarchist activities. While Berkman and Goldman remained in Stockholm and wrote about their experiences in Russia, <mask> decided to join the Russian syndicalist exiles in Berlin after entering Germany secretly. In June 1922, he attended a syndicalist conference in Berlin. The meeting was called to discuss the international organization of the movement and whether to negotiate with the RILU or start an independent syndicalist international.<mask> and Mrachnyi represented the Russian syndicalist movement, but a representative of Russia's centralist unions also attended. <mask> and Mrachnyi used the meeting as another opportunity to denounce the Soviet government's repression of syndicalists and

masks: Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro


title: Alexander Schapiro

texts: anarchists. The meeting decided to create an international Syndicalist Bureau, to which <mask> would be the Russian representative, and discussed the position the syndicalist movement should take on the RILU. Concerning negotiations with the RILU, <mask> presented the congress with two options. Syndicalists could present the Bolsheviks with minimal conditions, which they might accept, or harsher conditions, which they could not. The former he deemed a betrayal of syndicalist principles and the latter a mere ploy. Instead, he proposed that the syndicalists break off negotiations with the RILU and go their own way.The assembly adopted a resolution which made no mention of negotiations with the RILU. This was the end of collaboration between the syndicalist and the communist movements in most countries. In its stead, the conference formed a Syndicalist Bureau, in which <mask> represented Russia, to prepare a second conference at which a syndicalist international was to be formed. After the meeting <mask> decided to return to Russia, feeling he could make a contribution there. He contacted Chicherin and received assurances he could safely return to Russia. However, on the night of September 2–3, two weeks after <mask>'s return to Russia, he was arrested in Moscow. The secret police charged him with working with underground anarchists, but was mostly interested in his international contacts.Chicherin ignored a letter <mask> sent him from prison and the RILU refused to notify the Syndicalist Bureau of his arrest. Nevertheless, the news soon reached the West and sparked an international solidarity campaign to free <mask>. After Western syndicalists,

masks: Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro


title: Alexander Schapiro

texts:
 particularly the French CGTU, protested his incarceration, the Soviet government became worried about damaging the RILU's relations with them. <mask> was released and, charged with anti-Soviet activities, expelled from Russia in October 1922, on the anniversary of the October Revolution. <mask> himself sarcastically called this coincidence an "exceptional honour". He subsequently wrote about his imprisonment in several syndicalist journals in the West. Exile
<mask> decided to return to Berlin.He became one of the most active Russian syndicalist exiles. In December 1922, at conference in Berlin, he participated in the establishment of the anarcho-syndicalist International Working Men's Association (IWMA). <mask> and Efim Iarchuk, another former editor of Golos Truda, represented the Russian syndicalist movement. Reflections on the Russian Revolution played a central role in the deliberations, as the Russian experience demonstrated the fundamental differences between syndicalism and state socialism, according to the delegates. Rocker pointed to the Bolshevik government's treatment of <mask> in making the case against participation in the RILU and for the formation of a syndicalist international. <mask> himself argued that participation in the RILU would be incompatible with syndicalist principles. The establishment of the IWMA finalized the international syndicalist movement's break with Bolshevism.Berlin was selected as the seat of the IWMA. <mask>, Souchy, and Rocker were elected to its secretariat. Within a few years, the IWMA consisted of union federations in Germany, Italy, Sweden, Spain, Norway, Portugal, the Netherlands, France,


title: Alexander Schapiro

texts: Argentina, and Mexico as well as minor affiliates in numerous other countries. <mask> considered the IWMA more important than did the other members of the secretariat who mainly thought of it as a response to both Bolshevism and reformism. He viewed the IWMA as the continuation of the efforts to unite the international syndicalist movement that had begun before World War I and performed most of the secretariat's work during the organization's first year. He hoped discussions within the IWMA would lead to unity among syndicalists on questions concerning revolutionary tactics and strategy. He later found that the IWMA frequently had to mediate between contradictory understandings of anarcho-syndicalism.From 1923, <mask> served on the Joint Committee for the Defense of the Revolutionaries Imprisoned in Russia and then on the IWMA's Relief Fund for Anarchists and Anarcho-Syndicalists Imprisoned in Russia. They sent numerous aid packages and letters of encouragement to anarchists in prisons and gulags in the Soviet Union. <mask> and a group of exiles that also included Maximoff edited the anarcho-syndicalist newspaper Rabochii Put (The Workers' Way), the IWMA's Russian-language organ. It was printed on the presses of the German syndicalist journal Der Syndikalist with financial support from the IWMA and secretly distributed in Russia. It ran for six issues from March to August 1923. <mask> used the journal to expound on the lessons he drew from the Russian Revolution. According to him, anarchists reacted to the revolution in two ways, both of them partly counter-revolutionary.The first position was taken by the Soviet anarchists who regarded

masks: Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro Schapiro


title: Alexander Schapiro

texts: dictatorship as a necessary transitional phase on the way to a stateless society. The second held that the revolution must be immediately fully anarchist and therefore resorted to militarism like Nestor Makhno. He concluded that anarchism could only overcome such problematic reactions by giving more attention to a theory of the revolutionary process rather than the ideal of a post-revolutionary society. <mask> repeatedly criticized Makhno und his movement, the Makhnovshchyna, as "non-anarchist" or "war anarchism". <mask> met Makhno when the latter stayed in Berlin for a few weeks in 1925 and the dispute repeatedly escalated into shouting. In April 1932, <mask> was elected to the secretariat of the IWMA again, having left in 1925. With initially around 1.5 million workers organized in the IWMA's member organizations, it quickly declined in large part due to government repression and it had less than half a million members by its own estimates in 1929–1930.This number grew at once when democracy was restored in Spain and the Spanish affiliate of the IWMA, the National Confederation of Labor (CNT), was able to operate openly, becoming the IWMA's largest member organization. In December 1932, <mask> went to Barcelona on behalf of the IWMA in order to set up its Iberian organization. The CNT was beset by internal turmoil, divided between the more moderate leadership, known as the treintistas, and the Iberian Anarchist Federation (FAI), which was established in 1927 to ensure that anarchist principles were strictly followed. <mask> was tasked with mediating the conflict between the FAI and treintistas. He traveled on to France, where he continued to


title: Alexander Schapiro

texts:
 work with the IWMA and edited another anarcho-syndicalist paper, La Voix du Travail (The Voice of Labour). Thoroughly disillusioned, <mask> left Europe for New York in June 1939. From September 1945 to August 1946, he edited a new anarchist journal entitled New Trends''.He published articles on anarcho-syndicalism, the situations in Spain and Russia, as well as the killing of Carlo Tresca. <mask> died of heart failure in New York on December 5, 1946. The anarchist Mollie Fleshin reacted to <mask>'s death writing that "the best brains of the movement are passing out one after another and [...] I have a feeling as if the movement itself is passing out". References

Bibliography

Further reading

Year of birth unknown
1880s births
1946 deaths
Anarcho-syndicalists
Jewish anarchists
People from Rostov-on-Don
Russian anarchists
Russian Jews
Soviet anarchists
Soviet expatriates in

masks:
Schapiro
Alexander Schapiro
Schapiro


title: Peter Thorneycroft

texts:
<mask>, <mask>,  (26 July 1909 – 4 June 1994) was a British Conservative Party politician. He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer between 1957 and 1958. Early life
Born in Dunston, Staffordshire, <mask> was the son of Major <mask> and Dorothy Hope Franklyn. He was the grandson of Sir William Franklyn and nephew of Sir Harold Franklyn. He was educated at Eton and the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich. He was commissioned into the Royal Artillery as a second lieutenant on 29 August 1929 but resigned his commission on 1 July 1931. In 1933, he was called to the bar for the Inner Temple.Political career
He entered Parliament in the 1938 Stafford by-election, for the borough of Stafford. He was re-commissioned into the Royal Artillery in his previous rank on 30 August 1939. During the Second World War, he served with the Royal Artillery and the general staff. Along with other members of the Tory Reform Committee, <mask> pressed his party to support the Beveridge Report. He served in the Conservative caretaker Government 1945 as Parliamentary Secretary at the Ministry of War Transport. In the 1945 general election, he lost his seat to his Labour opponent, Stephen Swingler, but he returned in the 1945 Monmouth by-election for Monmouth a few months later. Throughout the late 1940s <mask> worked assiduously to refurbish the Conservative Party after its disastrous defeat in the 1945 general election.His opposition to the Anglo-American loan in the Commons earned him a reputation as a parliamentary debater, and when the Conservatives returned to power after the general election of 1951, he was appointed President of the Board of Trade. He was instrumental in persuading the government in 1954 to abandon the party's support for protectionism and accept the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.

masks:
George Edward Peter Thorneycroft
Baron Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
George Edward Mervyn Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft


title: Peter Thorneycroft

texts:
 Chancellorship and resignation
<mask>'s support for Harold Macmillan in Macmillan's successful 1957 leadership contest for the premiership led to his appointment as Chancellor of the Exchequer, one of the most senior positions in the government. He resigned in 1958, along with two junior Treasury Ministers, Enoch Powell and Nigel Birch, because of increased government expenditure. Macmillan, himself a former chancellor, made a famous and much-quoted remark that the resignations were merely "little local difficulties". (In reality, Macmillan was deeply concerned about the possible effects of <mask>'s resignation.) In retrospect, <mask> questioned the wisdom of his resignation, saying that "we probably made our stand too early."Later political career
<mask> returned to the Cabinet in 1960, when he was appointed Minister of Aviation by Macmillan. In 1962, he was promoted to be Minister of Defence. He retained the post upon Macmillan's replacement by Sir Alec Douglas-Home; then in April 1964 the post was combined with the First Lord of the Admiralty, Secretary of State for War and Secretary of State for Air as the Secretary of State for Defence. At Defence, <mask> played a pivotal role in the Sunda Straits Crisis, first supporting and then opposing the passage of the aircraft carrier HMS Victorious through the Indonesian-claimed Sunda Strait during the height of the Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation in August and September 1964. After the Government was defeated in 1964, <mask> first served as Shadow Secretary of State for Defence under Alec Douglas-Home, before being made Shadow Home Secretary by Edward Heath the next year. <mask> lost his seat at the 1966 general election, and was raised to the peerage as a life peer as <mask>, of Dunston in the County of Stafford on 4 December 1967. Later

masks:
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Baron Thorneycroft


title: Peter Thorneycroft

texts:
 life
<mask> was a strong supporter of Margaret Thatcher's monetarist policies, and she made him Chairman of the Conservative Party in 1975.He held the position until 1981. He was notable as an amateur watercolourist and held exhibitions. Winston Churchill, when told of <mask>'s interest, had said, "Every minister must have his vice. Painting shall be yours". He was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 1980 New Year Honours. Family

His grandfather was the Victorian Colonel <mask>, a Wolverhampton industrialist, eccentric, landowner and well-known Conservative; he was asked to stand for election by Benjamin Disraeli. Colonel <mask> owned or leased various houses in Staffordshire and Shropshire including Tettenhall Towers and Tong Castle.His great-grandfather was George Benjamin <mask>, an ironfounder, JP, Deputy Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire and first Mayor of Wolverhampton. His grandfather's cousin was John Isaac <mask> who founded Vosper Thorneycroft. A second cousin was Siegfried Sassoon. A third cousin was William Whitelaw. Another second cousin was the novelist <mask> Fowler. His great uncle was Lord Wolverhampton. After his first marriage, to Sheila Wells Page, and divorce, he married Carla, Contessa Roberti (later known as <mask>, DBE) in 1949.He had a son by his first wife and a daughter by his second wife. Popular culture
In 2021, Historian and Archaeologist Niles Schilder wrote and performed several audio scripts for a soundscape intended for an English Heritage Cold War Bunker in York. Niles Schilder did the voice for both Thorneycroft and an unnamed Civil Servant in the recording. References

Further reading

 Dell, Edmund. The Chancellors: A History of the Chancellors of the Exchequer, 1945-90 (HarperCollins, 1997) pp 223–41, covers his term as

masks:
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thomas Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Thorneycroft
Ellen Thorneycroft
Lady Thorneycroft


title: Sarah Storey

texts:
Dame <mask>,  (née Bailey; born 26 October 1977) is a British Paralympic athlete in cycling and swimming, and a multiple gold medalist in the Paralympic Games, and six times British (able-bodied) national track champion (2 × Pursuit, 1 × Points, 3 × Team Pursuit). Her total of 28 Paralympic medals including 17 gold medals makes her the most successful (by gold medals) and most decorated (by total medals) British Paralympian of all time as well as one of the most decorated Paralympic athletes of all time. She has the unique distinction of winning five gold medals in Paralympics before turning 19. <mask>'s major achievements include being a 29-time World champion (6 in swimming and 23 in cycling), a 21-time European champion (18 in swimming and 3 in cycling) and holding 75 world records. She is regarded as one of the most experienced campaigners in the history of the Paralympics as she took part at the Paralympics on eight occasions in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016 and 2020. She is a current para world record holder in women's 3000m individual pursuit and hour record. On 2 September 2021, she surpassed Mike Kenny's 16 Paralympic gold medal record to become Great Britain's most successful Paralympic athlete of all time after securing her 17th Paralympic gold medal when she won the women’s road race C4-5 event.Early life
<mask> was born <mask> in Manchester without a functioning left hand after her arm became entangled in the umbilical cord in the womb and the hand did not develop as normal. As a schoolgirl, she was subjected to bullying by her school mates and also faced eating disorder issues at school. She joined her first swimming club at the age of ten and was told by her coach that she had started her training too late to be good at anything. Swimming at the Paralympic Games
Storey began her Paralympic career as a swimmer, winning two golds, three silvers and a bronze in Barcelona in 1992. She made her maiden appearance at the Paralympics in 1992 at the age of 14. She continued swimming in the next three Paralympic Games before

masks:
Sarah Joanne Storey
Storey
Storey
Sarah Bailey


title: Sarah Storey

texts:
 switching to cycling in 2005, reputedly because of a persisting ear infection. It was revealed that she ended up with chronic fatigue syndrome before her 19th birthday.She retained her Paralympic gold medals in women's 100m backstroke and 200m individual medley events at the 1996 Summer Paralympics. Despite the ear infection triggered by chronic fatigue syndrome, she continued to participate in swimming and claimed four silver medals and a solitary bronze in the next two Paralympic Games in 2000 and 2004 before quitting the sport. Cycling

At the 2008 Paralympic Games, her fifth, Storey won the individual pursuit – in a time that would have been in the top eight at the Olympic final – and the road

Storey also competes against non-disabled athletes and won the 3 km national track pursuit championship in 2008, eight days after taking the Paralympic title, and successfully defended her title in 2009. In 2014, she added a third national track title with a win in the points race. Storey qualified to join the England team for the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, where she was "the first disabled cyclist to compete for England at the Commonwealth Games", against non-disabled cyclists. She was also the second Paralympic athlete overall competing for England at the Games, following archer Danielle Brown earlier in Delhi. In 2011, Storey competed for one of the three places in the GB squad for the women's team pursuit at the 2012 Olympic Games.Although she was in the winning team for the World Cup event in Cali, Colombia in December 2011, she was informed afterwards that she was being dropped from the team pursuit squad. London's 2012 Paralympics Games saw Storey win Britain's first gold medal, in the women's individual C5 pursuit. She went on to win three more gold medals, one in the Time Trial C4–5 500m, one in the Individual Road Time Trial C5 and finally one in the Individual Road Race C4–5. In 2014, <mask> and her husband <mask> founded the Pearl Izumi Sports Tours International women's amateur cycling team, supporting the charity Boot Out Breast

masks:
Storey
Barney Storey


title: Sarah Storey

texts:
 Cancer. The team fielded squads in the 2014 and 2015 British road race seasons. Storey attempted to break the world hour record at the Lee Valley VeloPark in London on 28 February 2015. She set a distance of 45.502 km, which was 563m short of Leontien Zijlaard-van Moorsel's 2003 overall world record – however Storey's distance did set a new world record in the C5 Paralympic cycling class as well as a new British record.In the Rio 2016 Paralympics Storey became Britain's most successful female Paralympian when she won the C5 3000m individual pursuit final. She became the first athlete to win the gold medal for Great Britain at the 2020 Summer Paralympics when she defended her Paralympic title in the women's individual pursuit C5 event. It was also her fifth Paralympic gold medal in track cycling and her tenth Paralympic gold medal in women's cycling. It was also her record 15th gold medal in her Paralympic career. During the qualifying heat event at the 2020 Summer Paralympics, she also incredibly shattered her own world record by four seconds in the individual pursuit C5 category. Personal life
Storey married tandem pilot and coach <mask> in 2007. She gave birth to a daughter on 30 June 2013 and a son on 14 October 2017.She and her husband live in Disley, Cheshire. In April 2019, <mask> was appointed Active Travel Commissioner for the Sheffield City Region. Honours
<mask> was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1998 New Year Honours. Following the Beijing Games, she was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2009 New Year Honours. In 2012, she was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Manchester. Following the 2012 London Games, she was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours. Storey was a nominee for the 2008 Laureus World Sportswoman of the Year with a Disability and the 2012 BBC Sports Personality of the Year.She won The Sunday Times Disability Sportswoman of the Year in 2020, her win being officially announced in an online

masks:
Barney Storey
Storey
Storey


title: Stefan Payne

texts:
<mask> (born 10 August 1991) is an English footballer who plays as a forward for Havant & Waterlooville on loan from Chesterfield. He began his career in non-league football with Croydon and Sutton United before joining Fulham, and made his professional debut for Gillingham in League Two in 2010. He did not maintain a first-team place at Gillingham and dropped back into non-league between 2012 and 2016, moving clubs frequently. After two prolific seasons in the Conference Premier for Dover Athletic he signed for Championship club Barnsley,  where he did not feature frequently. <mask> then played for Shrewsbury Town in League One, initially on loan, and was their top scorer in the 2017–18 season as they reached the finals of the EFL Trophy and League One play-offs. He subsequently signed for Bristol Rovers, and after a brief loan back at Shrewsbury, Tranmere Rovers. Career

Early career
<mask> played for the Croydon youth team during the 2008–09 season and broke into the first team towards the tail end of the campaign and impressed Sutton United officials during a Southern Youth League cup final against them.In the summer of 2009, <mask> signed a contract with Sutton for the 2009–10 season. He made an immediate impact, scoring a hat-trick in the club's first league game of the season, a 4–0 win over Margate. He quickly attracted attention from Football League scouts. In September 2009, Premier League club Fulham offered <mask> and Sutton a contract. It was thought to be worth a six-figure-sum for Sutton. Although Fulham could not officially sign a player outside the transfer window,

masks:
Stefan Steve Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne
Payne


title: Stefan Payne

texts:
 <mask> joined the reserve squad in October. He played many games for the reserve team but did not break into the first team.Gillingham
During the 2010 close-season, Gillingham manager Andy Hessenthaler revealed his eagerness to sign <mask>, and the striker joined Gillingham on a free transfer in June 2010, signing a two-year contract. He made his professional debut in the first league game of the League Two season on 7 August, starting in a 1–1 home draw with Cheltenham Town. In February 2011, <mask> went to Braintree Town of the Conference North on a one-month loan, and scored a hat-trick in his second appearance to help beat Basingstoke Town 5–2. <mask> scored his first goal for Gillingham to conclude the 6–1 away win over Hereford United on 17 September 2011, nine minutes after coming on as a substitute for Frank Nouble. His only other goal for the Gills was on 22 November in an FA Cup first round replay at home to AFC Bournemouth, when he came on at half time for Chris Whelpdale and scored the 3–2 winner. He totalled 37 appearances for the Kent-based club, but only three as a starter. Aldershot Town and return to non-league
On 27 January 2012, <mask> signed for Aldershot Town of League Two for the rest of the season, having rescinded his Gillingham contract by mutual consent.He made his only appearance the following day in a 2–1 win at AFC Wimbledon, replacing Adam Mekki for the final ten minutes. However, days later Aldershot stated on their website that <mask> had been sent out on loan to Sutton United in the Conference South until the end of the season, as manager Dean

masks: Payne Payne Payne Payne Payne Payne


title: Stefan Payne

texts:
 Holdsworth said that he needed to play regular football. The Sutton Guardian announced that <mask>'s contract at Aldershot had been cancelled and that Sutton had got the player for nothing. In January 2013, <mask> stepped up to the Conference Premier by signing for Macclesfield Town. Again, he was limited to one ten-minute appearance for the Silkmen, in a 2–1 loss at Dartford on 15 January replacing Amari Morgan-Smith. Before the end of the month, he switched to struggling Ebbsfleet United of the same division for the rest of the campaign. He scored twice in 13 matches for the eventually relegated Fleet, and received two straight-red cards including one in the first half of a 2–0 loss at Luton Town on 18 April.<mask> signed in August 2013 for AFC Hornchurch in the Isthmian League, scoring twice on his debut away at Dulwich Hamlet. He totalled 31 goals in 46 games for the Urchins. On 3 June 2014, <mask> signed for newly promoted Dover Athletic of the Conference on a free transfer. He was the club's top scorer in both of his seasons with the Kent club, and was named Players' Player of the Year for the 2015–16 season. Return to Football League
On 18 May 2016, <mask> signed for Barnsley on a two-year contract with the option to extend for another year, on a free transfer. He made his Championship debut on 6 August in a 4–2 opening day loss at Ipswich Town, playing the final 17 minutes in place of Tom Bradshaw. He totalled 12 goalless appearances for Barnsley across all competitions, all as a substitute.He signed on loan for Shrewsbury Town in League One for the remainder of the season

masks: Payne Payne Payne Payne Payne


title: Stefan Payne

texts: on 30 January 2017 and debuted five days later by starting in a 2–1 home win over Bury. On 8 April he scored his first goal, the only one against Rochdale at the New Meadow to pull the Shrews out of the relegation zone. Six days later he struck again to ensure a 1–1 draw at local rivals Walsall. After Shrewsbury secured their place in the third tier, <mask> signed a two-year contract for an undisclosed fee in August 2017. He was the club's top scorer with 54 total games and 14 goals in a season in which they lost two finals at Wembley Stadium – the 2018 EFL Trophy Final to Lincoln City and the 2018 EFL League One play-off Final to Rotherham United. On 9 August 2018, after starting in Shrewsbury's first match of the new season, <mask> signed an undisclosed contract for Bristol Rovers of the same division. He made his debut two days later, starting up front alongside fellow former Shrew Alex Rodman and scored a late equaliser in a 2–1 home loss to Accrington Stanley.In October, he was fined for making offensive gestures towards the club's own fans after they lost at Barnsley. <mask> returned to Shrewsbury on 31 January 2019, signing on loan for the remainder of the season. He made five appearances, all but one as a substitute, and did not score. After cancelling his Bristol Rovers contract by mutual consent, <mask> signed a two-year deal at Tranmere Rovers on 28 June 2019, who had just been promoted to League One. <mask> captained Tranmere in the EFL Trophy third round tie against Leicester City under-21, where he scored, but eventually lost the match 2–1. On 25 January 2021, <mask>


title: Stefan Payne

texts:
 joined Grimsby Town on a deal until the end of the season, under former Shrewsbury manager Paul Hurst. Five days later on his debut at home to Stevenage, he came on as a 64th-minute substitute for Ira Jackson Jr and scored an added-time equaliser, though the team still lost 2–1.On 10 April, in a 1–0 loss at Bradford City, he was sent off for headbutting teammate Filipe Morais. Grimsby then removed both players from the first team squad. On 12 May 2021 it was announced that he would leave Grimsby at the end of the season, following the expiry of his contract. Return to Non-League
On 2 July 2021, <mask> agreed to return to the National League to sign for Chesterfield. On 4 February 2022, <mask> joined National League South side Havant & Waterlooville on loan until the end of the 2021–22 season. Career statistics

Honours
Shrewsbury Town
EFL Trophy runner-up: 2017–18

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
Footballers from Lambeth
English footballers
Croydon F.C. players
Sutton United F.C.players
Fulham F.C. players
Gillingham F.C. players
Braintree Town F.C. players
Aldershot Town F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C. players
Ebbsfleet United F.C. players
A.F.C.Hornchurch players
Dover Athletic F.C. players
Barnsley F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Bristol Rovers F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C.players
Havant & Waterlooville F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Isthmian League players
England semi-pro international footballers
Association football

masks: Payne Payne


title: Brian Billick

texts:
<mask> (born February 28, 1954) is an American former football coach and commentator. He is currently an Offensive Analyst and advisor to Herm Edwards for Arizona State football. He was the offensive coordinator for the Minnesota Vikings from 1994 to 1998; the team broke the NFL scoring record in the 1998 season. He then spent nine seasons as head coach of the Baltimore Ravens from January 19, 1999 to December 31, 2007. On January 28, 2001, <mask> won Super Bowl XXXV as the Ravens' head coach in a 34–7 victory over the New York Giants. It was the  Ravens' first Super Bowl appearance. He was inducted into the Baltimore Ravens Ring of Honor in 2019.Early life

Playing career
<mask>, who played football and basketball at Redlands High School in Redlands, California, had his #17 jersey retired by the school in March 2001. He played both quarterback and cornerback and holds the state record with 21 career interceptions. After spending his freshman season as a linebacker at the United States Air Force Academy, <mask> transferred to Brigham Young University  and became a tight end. He later told friends that he left the Air Force Academy because he learned, after he'd already enrolled, that his height and size (6-foot-5, 230 lb.) precluded him from ever becoming a fighter pilot. He received All-Western Athletic Conference and honorable mention All-America honors in 1976. <mask> was selected in the 11th round with the 295th overall pick of the 1977 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers, but was released by both the 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys that year and never played in the NFL.Coaching career

College
In 1977, after being cut by the 49ers, <mask> appeared as a

masks:
Brian Harold Billick
Billick
Billick
Billick
Billick
Billick


title: Brian Billick

texts:
 contestant on TV's Match Game PM. He later returned to his hometown of Redlands, California, and served as a volunteer wide receivers coach for the University of Redlands football team (NAIA), under coach Frank Serrao. That season, he also split time as an assistant coach at Redlands High School. <mask> said he coached the high school team's practice from 2 to 4 p.m., then headed over to the university for the college practice. <mask> worked as a graduate assistant at Brigham Young for one season (1978) before joining the 49ers as the assistant director of public relations for two years (1979–1980). He returned to coaching with San Diego State University, serving as the tight ends coach and recruiting coordinator for five seasons (1981–1985) under Doug Scovil. After being named the offensive coordinator of Utah State University, <mask> improved the second-worst offense in Division I-A into a top-10 offense in three seasons (1986–1988).<mask> was then hired as the assistant head coach and tight ends coach at Stanford by Dennis Green, serving both roles for three seasons (1989–91). National Football League

Assistant coach
<mask> was hired as an Assistant coach by the Vikings. The Vikings made the playoffs during six of the seven seasons (1992–1998) that <mask> spent with the team, and set several offensive records in the process. In 1998, Minnesota set an NFL record for most points scored in a season (556) (which has since been broken by the 2007 Patriots and the 2013 Broncos), and set a team record with 41 touchdown passes. His work under Minnesota head coach Dennis Green put <mask> in the Bill Walsh coaching tree. Head coach
<mask> became the second head coach

masks: Billick Billick Billick Billick Billick Billick Billick Billick


title: Brian Billick

texts: in Baltimore Ravens history on January 20, 1999 when he was appointed to replace Ted Marchibroda. He had an 85–67 record in nine seasons (1999–2007) with the team, including 5–3 in the playoffs.He won a Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XXXV over the New York Giants. Although <mask> had the opportunity to interview for the head coaching job of the reactivated Cleveland Browns and was rumored to be their top candidate, he chose to interview with the Ravens first. He signed with Baltimore in under 24 hours after his initial interview. In his first season with the Ravens, <mask> led the team to its first non-losing record (8–8) in the franchise's four-year history. The next season, the Ravens finished with a 12–4 record and earned their first playoff berth. Prior to reaching the playoffs, <mask> forbade his players from using either the term "playoffs" or the term "Super Bowl," with the idea of keeping them focused on winning each game instead of on a more distant prize. <mask> felt this approach would help them reach that goal, and went so far as to fine Tony Siragusa for violating the rule.In response, the players borrowed the term "Festivus" from the television series Seinfeld for the playoffs, and the term Festivus Maximus for the Super Bowl. When they reached the playoffs, <mask> lifted this ban. The Ravens took advantage of their vaunted defense, which allowed an NFL record-low 165 points in the regular season (for a point differential of 168; the Ravens also led the league in turnover differential at +23) during the playoffs to advance to Super Bowl XXXV against the New York Giants. It was a blowout 34-7 victory, giving <mask> his first and only Super Bowl.

masks: Billick Billick Billick Billick Billick Billick


title: Brian Billick

texts:
 <mask> led the Ravens to a 10–6 record and a victory over the Miami Dolphins in a 2001 wild card playoff game before losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Divisional Round. Baltimore finished 7–9 and missed the playoffs in 2002, but bounced back in 2003 with a 10-6 record and the franchise's first division title; the key game of this season was a wild 44–41 overtime win over the Seattle Seahawks in which the Ravens scored 20 unanswered points from the 10:14 mark of the fourth quarter through overtime; the win launched the then 5–5 Ravens into the division title. The Ravens lost to the Titans, 20–17, in the Wild Card Round of the playoffs.The Ravens missed the playoffs in 2004 with a 9–7 record and in 2005 with a 6–10 record before bouncing back in the 2006 season. <mask> fired offensive coordinator Jim Fassel on October 17, 2006, assuming the role for the remainder of the season, as the Ravens earned a franchise best 13–3 record, won the AFC North, and earned the first playoff bye in team history. Baltimore, however, lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Indianapolis Colts, 15–6, in the divisional round. <mask> was fired on December 31, 2007, one day after the conclusion of a 5–11 season punctuated by a Week 15 22–16 overtime loss to the previously winless Miami Dolphins at Dolphin Stadium on December 16. He was succeeded by John Harbaugh on January 19, 2008. Broadcasting career
When the Ravens were eliminated in the playoffs in 2003, <mask> was used as a studio analyst by ABC Sports. After being fired by the Ravens, <mask> became a draft analyst for the NFL Network during the 2008 NFL Draft.<mask> then became a game analyst for the NFL on Fox during the


title: Brian Billick

texts:
 2008 NFL season, working alongside Thom Brennaman. <mask> returned with his NFL on Fox broadcasting partner Brennaman as a game analyst for the 2009 NFL season. On NFL Network, <mask> appeared alongside Dennis Green on The Coaches Show, as well as Sterling Sharpe and <mask> on Thursday and Friday editions of Playbook, the ultimate NFL “Xs and Os” program utilizing the same “all 22” game film that coaches and players use to preview upcoming games. He also serves as an analyst on NFL Network's signature show NFL Total Access and has provided on location analysis for the Network's coverage of the NFL Scouting Combine and NFL Draft. He often appeared on ESPN's Mike and Mike in the Morning to discuss football matchups and news. <mask> left Fox after the 2013 season. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Kim have two daughters, Aubrey and Keegan.The family resides in Queenstown, Maryland. Through his daughter Keegan, <mask> is the father-in-law of former NBA player Jon Leuer. Head coaching record

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
People from Fairborn, Ohio
People from Redlands, California
Sportspeople from San Bernardino County, California
Players of American football from California
American football tight ends
BYU Cougars football players
Coaches of American football from California
BYU Cougars football coaches
San Diego State Aztecs football coaches
Utah State Aggies football coaches
Stanford Cardinal football coaches
Minnesota Vikings coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
Baltimore Ravens head coaches
Super Bowl-winning head coaches
National Football League announcers
College football announcers
Contestants on American game

masks:
Billick
Billick
Brian Baldinger
Billick
Billick
Billick


title: Dimitar Anakiev

texts: <mask> (<mask>v) is an independent filmmaker, writer and poet, who was born in Belgrade in 1960. He completed his Faculty of Medicine at University of Niš in Niš, Serbia, in 1986 and worked seven years as a medical doctor. He resided in Slovenia, beginning in 1987, but shortly thereafter and without warning found himself among the victims of administrative ethnic cleansing ("Erased"), the result of secret illegal action enacted 26 February 1992 by the democratic Slovenian government one year after the disintegration of the state of Yugoslavia. For 10 years Anakiev was compelled to live without personal documents (such as passport or personal identification), rendering him an invisible prisoner of the Slovenian democracy. At this point he purchased a small video camera and began his film career, in an attempt to make himself and other marginal Balkan people visible. The success of his films (including winning the Slovenian national film award) has made it possible for Anakiev to continue filmmaking as a producer, director and writer. His company, Dimitar Anakiev Films s.p.-DAF (now Anakiev Production) specializes in socially engaged films of the Balkans in the post-communist era.<mask> is a founding member of the Slovenian Director Guild, and a member of the Slovenian Filmmaker Association. To find out the truth you have to go among the people of the lowest social classes. To them, life is tattooed on the skin. The more you climb the social ladder, the less truth, the more lies. People from the upper classes are usually not good for a movie

masks:
Dimitar Anakiev
Dimitar Grigorov Anakie
Anakiev


title: Dimitar Anakiev

texts:
 camera (they are good for a TV camera) ..." (<mask> Anakiev, from the conversation with Zdravko Duša, Lukatelce, Volče, 2019)

Tributes

"Destiny of the erased people is for Mr. Anakiev an individual and collective tragedy that should actually never happen. The ultimate purpose of the film is to eliminate reasons, that caused this film to be made". - Dr. Nikolai Jeffs, critic, University of Ljubljana

"Although Mr Anakiev is telling the story through the personal stories, he manages to show the lives of the erased through many different dimension and therefore offers a holistic picture".- Nataša Posel, director, Amnesty International Slovenia

"Mr. Anakiev is a compassionate artist who seeks to improve life for his subjects and bring attention to the neglected, and in this, he is a rare and vital talent... Anakiev is in possession of personal methodology of documentary filmmaking which will enable him to follow destinies of his heroes with different ethnic backgrounds but at the same time to present the realities in social, political and economic circumstances..."

- Želimir Žilnik, Serbian film director

"As an erased person, Anakiev’s radical ethical act was to give up practicing medicine to become a film-maker. He helped educate a generation of Slovenians through powerful films that juxtaposed the actions of politicians and rightwing nationals with the day-to-day privations of erased people. His use of montage reflects Eisenstein’s revolutionary dialectics and, ironically, Anakiev’s film practices raise awareness of the brutal


title: Dimitar Anakiev

texts:
 imperialism that is sometimes embedded in what we have come to think of as democracy." - Stuart C. Aitken, anthropologist, San Diego State University

"<mask> Anakiev has been a filmmaker from the social margin for three decades - by subject matter and by the circumstances in which he creates. He was one of the first who treated the problem of erased people in Slovenia – he also was erased for ten years himself -. His first documentary, Amigo, a portrait of Walter Dragosavljević Rutar, won the award for best documentary at the Slovenian Film Festival in Celje in 2003. He also receives awards from international festivals.He is not only independent in production, but also in film format choices: everything from a few minutes to a feature film can be found. If his films are bound by any red thread, this is the loyalty to the documentary style of work and stubborn engagement for the benefit of all possible sidekicks." - Zdravko Duša, Slovenian screenwriter, dramaturg, translator and editor

Poetry and essays

<mask> is also an internationally renowned haiku poet, editor and essayist. Anakiev began writing haiku in 1985, and is considered the "grandfather" of many Balkan haiku projects such as Haiku novine (Haiku Newspapers, Serbia 1993), Prijatelj (Slovenia 1996) and Apokalipsa haiku edition (1996 Slovenia). He is the co-founder of the World Haiku Association with Jim Kacian and Ban'ya Natsuishi. One of the best known haiku by Anakiev was broadcast on BBC London in August 2000:
      Spring evening. The wheel of a troop carrier
      crushes

masks: Dimitar Anakiev


title: Ken Holtzman

texts:
<mask> (born November 3, 1945) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher from  through , most notably as a member of the Chicago Cubs for whom he pitched two no-hitters and, with the Oakland Athletics dynasty that won three consecutive World Series championships between 1972 to 1974. A two-time All-Star, <mask> was a 20-game-winner for the Athletics in 1973. He also played for the Baltimore Orioles and the New York Yankees. <mask> was the first Cubs pitcher in the live-ball era to throw two no-hitters; the next Cubs pitcher to do so was Jake Arrieta some three and a half decades later. In 2007, <mask> managed the Petach Tikva Pioneers in the Israel Baseball League. Early and personal life
<mask> was born in St. Louis, Missouri.He graduated from University City High School in St. Louis in 1963. <mask> is Jewish, and through 2010, his 174 career victories were the most in the major leagues by a Jewish pitcher (ahead of Sandy Koufax). He tied Koufax' record for the most wins by a Jewish pitcher in 1977, and passed him in 1978. <mask>'s 1,601 strikeouts were second (behind Koufax), and his 451 games were second (behind Scott Schoeneweis). He held the record for most pitching appearances by a Jewish pitcher until 1998, when Scott Radinsky passed him to become the major league leader in appearances among Jewish pitchers. His 3.49 ERA was fifth (behind Koufax, Radinsky, Barney Pelty, and Erskine Mayer). Early career
<mask> obtained his B.A.in business administration and French from the University of Illinois, and

masks:
Kenneth Dale Holtzman
Holtzman
Holtzman
Holtzman
Holtzman
Holtzman
Holtzman
Holtzman


title: Ken Holtzman

texts:
 was selected by the Cubs in the fourth round of the 1965 amateur draft. At age 19, <mask> pitched only 12 games in the minor leagues in 1965, four with the Treasure Valley Cubs in the Pioneer League, and eight with the Wenatchee Chiefs in the Northwest League. He was 8–3 in the dozen starts, with a 1.99 earned run average and 114 strikeouts in 86 innings. He was called up to the major leagues in September and pitched four innings over three games in relief. Major league career

Chicago Cubs (1965–1971)
After three relief appearances in September 1965, <mask> joined the Cubs' starting rotation in 1966, and had an 11–16 rookie campaign as the team finished in last place. The team's fortunes turned around, however, as they had winning years in every season from 1967 through 1971. As a promising Jewish left-hander, he was heralded as "the new Sandy Koufax."He pitched against Koufax in 1966 on September 25, and took the win by a 2–1 score. Koufax made his last regular-season appearance a week later, on October 2. <mask> served in the National Guard in 1967 and was only available to play on weekends. He appeared in 12 games and had a 9–0 record. Through 2006, only four pitchers in baseball history were undefeated with more decisions. With his military obligations behind him, he became a strong second starter behind Ferguson Jenkins, and the Cubs began being successful in the National League for the first time since World War II. After going 11–14 in 1968, he posted consecutive 17-win seasons.<mask> was named NL Player of the Month in May 1969 with a 6-0 record, a 2.16 ERA, and 44

masks: Holtzman Holtzman Holtzman Holtzman


title: Ken Holtzman

texts: strikeouts. That August 19, he pitched his first no-hitter at Wrigley Field against the eventual Western Division champion Atlanta Braves, winning 3–0 on Ron Santo's three-run home run and outdueling the Braves' Phil Niekro. <mask> had no strikeouts and three walks in the game. This was the first no-hitter by a Cub left-hander at Wrigley Field and the third no-hitter ever thrown without a strikeout (Earl Hamilton on August 30, 1912; Sad Sam Jones on September 4, 1923), a feat that has been not been equaled since. In the seventh inning, Hank Aaron crushed a drive to left field that appeared to be a home run, but the wind held up the ball, enabling Billy Williams to catch the long fly ball in the recessed "well" at the wall in left field. <mask> faced Aaron again in the ninth, and got him to ground out to second base to complete the no-hitter. The Cubs led the Eastern Division for much of the season before finishing in second place, eight games behind the eventual world champion New York Mets.In 1970, <mask> had his best year with the Cubs, with a 17–11 record and a 3.38 ERA, and finished third in the NL in starts (38), fifth in both strikeouts (202) and innings pitched (), sixth in complete games (15) and ninth in wins. On June 3, 1971, <mask> pitched a no-hitter — the first ever at Riverfront Stadium — against the defending league champion Cincinnati Reds, winning the game 1–0 during what would prove to be his final year with the Cubs. In doing so, he became the first Cubs pitcher since Larry Corcoran (who had three from 1880 to 1884) to have two no-hitters for the team. Oakland


title: Ken Holtzman

texts:
 Athletics (1972–1975)

<mask> asked to be traded at the end of the 1971 season, so he was dealt to the Oakland Athletics in November in exchange for outfielder Rick Monday. Oakland had won the Western division in 1971 but were swept by the Baltimore Orioles in the American League Championship Series. This was just as Oakland began its run of three straight World Series titles. Joining a staff that featured Vida Blue and Catfish Hunter, he won 19 games in 1972 (7th in the AL) and was named to the All-Star team for the first time.He lost Game 3 of the 1972 American League Championship Series against the Detroit Tigers as opposing pitcher Joe Coleman set an ALCS record with 14 strikeouts. After Oakland won the ALCS in five games, <mask> won Game 1 of the World Series against the Reds. He started Game 4, but left in the eighth inning with a 1–0 lead and a runner on third base. The Reds scored twice to take the lead, but Oakland scored twice in the ninth inning to win 3–2. He relieved Hunter in the eighth inning of Game 7 with a 3–1 lead but after surrendering a double to Joe Morgan, he was replaced by Rollie Fingers. The A's hung on for a 3–2 win, taking their first Series title since 1930 (when the team was located in Philadelphia). In 1973, <mask> led the A's with a 2.97 ERA (6th best in the league) as each of their three top starters won 20 or more games.He was again an All-Star, going 21–13 in 40 starts (his 21 wins 4th-best in the AL) with 157 strikeouts. Over the next 33 years only two other left-handers had as many starts in a season. In the 1973 ALCS against the Baltimore Orioles,

masks: Holtzman Holtzman Holtzman


title: Ken Holtzman

texts: he won an 11-inning 2–1 duel against Mike Cuellar in Game 3 when Bert Campaneris homered to lead off the last inning. He started three times in the 1973 World Series against the Mets, winning Game 1 2–1. He lasted only  of an inning in Game 4, departing after a 3-run homer by Rusty Staub, which was followed by two more base runners. He recovered to win Game 7, leaving in the 6th inning with a 5–1 lead as the A's won the game 5–2 and their second straight title. In both his victories, he doubled and also scored the first run for the A's after not having batted all season due to the American League using the designated hitter for the first time in the 1973 season.Despite posting better or equal numbers with Catfish Hunter in 1973, <mask> was not among the ten AL pitchers that year to receive votes in Cy Young Award considerations, while Hunter finished third. <mask> would never earn so much as a single Cy Young or MVP vote in his entire career. He again won 19 games in 1974, but this time endured 17 losses despite his 3.07 ERA, which ranked 11th in the League. Facing the Orioles in the 1974 ALCS, he pitched a 5–0 shutout in Game 2, taking a one-hitter into the eighth inning and allowing only five singles. Against the Los Angeles Dodgers in the World Series, he started Game 1 but was pulled in the fifth inning with a 2–1 lead; the A's went on to win 3–2. He won Game 4 5–2, hitting a home run off Andy Messersmith in the third inning for a 1–0 lead (the designated hitter was not used in World Series play until 1976). He would be the last pitcher to hit a World Series home run until Joe

masks: Holtzman Holtzman


title: Ken Holtzman

texts:
 Blanton in 2008.During the nine seasons in which he batted regularly during the season, he had only two home runs. Oakland won Game 5 and became the first team to win three straight World Series since the New York Yankees won five straight from 1949 to 1953. After losing in salary arbitration in February, <mask> had an 18–14 record for the 1975 A's as they won their fifth straight American League Western Division title. On June 8, against the Detroit Tigers, he had what would have been his third career no-hitter broken up with two out in the ninth by a Tom Veryzer double. He would have become the third pitcher (after Cy Young and Jim Bunning) to pitch no-hitters in both leagues. <mask> lost Games 1 and 3 of the ALCS to the Boston Red Sox as the A's were swept. He was fourth in the AL in games started (38), sixth in hits allowed per 9 innings pitched (7.33), and seventh in wins.Later career
Paid $93,000 in 1975 and one of nine Oakland players refusing to sign 1976 contracts, <mask> sought a three-year $460,000 pact. With free agency imminent after the season and the expectations of higher salaries for which Athletics owner Finley was unwilling to pay, he was traded along with Reggie Jackson and minor-league right-handed pitcher Bill Van Bommel to the Orioles for Don Baylor, Mike Torrez, and Paul Mitchell on April 2, 1976. Eleven weeks later in mid-June, he was traded by the Orioles with Doyle Alexander, Jimmy Freeman, Ellie Hendricks, and Grant Jackson to the New York Yankees for Rudy May, Tippy Martinez, Dave Pagan, Scott McGregor, and Rick Dempsey. <mask> posted a 12–10 record for


title: Ken Holtzman

texts:
 the Yankees over three years, but his playing time was increasingly limited. He did not appear in the 1976 or 1977 postseasons with New York. In June 1978, after making 5 appearances, he was traded by the Yankees to the Chicago Cubs for Ron Davis. He ended his career with Chicago in 1979, going 6–9 with a 4.59 ERA.Over 15 years, he had a 174–150 record with a 3.49 ERA, 1,601 strikeouts, and 31 shutouts in 451 games and  innings. He held batters to a .220 batting average with 2 outs and runners in scoring position. His 80 victories with Chicago were the fourth most by a left-hander, behind Hippo Vaughn (151), Larry French (95), and Dick Ellsworth (84). He received four votes in Baseball Hall of Fame voting in 1985, and 5 in 1986. Later years
<mask> went on to attempt a career as an insurance salesman. He also worked for the St. Louis Jewish Community Center, running the gymnasium in the Marilyn Fox Building. He coached the St. Louis baseball team for the Maccabi games for a few years and is a member of the Chicagoland Sports Hall of Fame.Managing career
<mask> managed the Petach Tikva Pioneers in the inaugural 2007 season of the Israel Baseball League, but was fired before the season ended. The Pioneers finished the 2007 regular season in last place (9–32; .220) and lost to the Modi'in Miracle in the quarterfinals of the 2007 championship. See also
 List of select Jewish baseball players

References

Further reading
 Bike, William S. The Forgotten 1970 Chicago Cubs: Go and Glow (2021). The History Press. ISBN 978-1467149082. This chapter in Ruttman's history, based on a June 21, 2007


title: Ken Holtzman

texts:
 interview with <mask> conducted for the book, discusses <mask>'s American, Jewish, baseball, and life experiences from youth to the present. External links

BaseballLibrary.com — bio and career highlights
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
Jewish Major Leaguers: Career leaders
BR Bullpen profile
The Baseball Page

1945 births
Living people
American League All-Stars
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball players from St. Louis
Chicago Cubs players
Illinois Fighting Illini baseball players
Israel Baseball League managers
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Yankees players
Oakland Athletics players
Stockbrokers
Treasure Valley Cubs players
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign alumni
Wenatchee Chiefs players
21st-century American


title: Michelangelo Albertazzi

texts:
<mask> (born 7 January 1991) is an Italian professional footballer who plays as a defender. Club career

Early career
Born in Bologna, Emilia-Romagna region, <mask> started his career at Bologna F.C. 1909. On 30 August 2007 <mask> was sold to A.C. Milan in a co-ownership deal worth €1 million. He was loaned back to Bologna until January 2008. In June 2008 Milan bought <mask> outright for another €1 million. Despite his young age, <mask> had already played for Bologna in the "Primavera" under-20 reserve league in 2006–07 season.<mask> also won the "Primavera" Italian Cup with Milan in 2010. He was also loaned back to Milan's under-18 team for the finals of 2009 Campionato Nazionale Dante Berretti, where Milan was the champion of the wild card group. Milan's "Primavera" team (U19) failed to qualify for the playoffs round that season, but the "Berretti" U17 team did. The coach used the majority of the "Primavera" U19 team (such as reserve keeper Miśkiewicz, Romagnoli, Oduamadi and Strasser, all born in 1989 or 1990) to beat Juventus' "Berretti" U17 team 2–1 (with only two born 1990 and the rest of the squad born 1991). A.C. Milan Primavera was eliminated by Sampdoria in the quarter-finals in 2010, and by Roma in the quarter-finals in 2011. Milan and loans
<mask> left for Spanish club Getafe in June 2011. However, he did not play any games.On 31 January 2012 <mask> returned to Italy for Serie B club A.S. Varese 1910. <mask> failed to make a debut in the first 3 months. Instead, he played 5 games for the reserves as an over-age player (at most 4 born 1991 players were allowed). Near the end of season both the first team and the reserves were aiming for promotion and the title respectively, at

masks:
Michelangelo Albertazzi
Albertazzi
Albertazzi
Albertazzi
Albertazzi
Albertazzi
Albertazzi
Albertazzi
Albertazzi


title: Michelangelo Albertazzi

texts:
 which point <mask> returned to the first team. <mask> made his Serie B debut on 1 May 2012 as starting defender, beating A.S.G. Nocerina 2–0. The team also rested a number of players in order to prepare for the next match against eighth placed Brescia.On the same day that the first team played against Brescia, <mask> started for the reserves against Fiorentina in the second round of the playoffs on 5 May 2012. <mask> returned to the first team again on 2 June, for the away match of the promotion playoffs. He was named in the reserve squad for the playoffs quarterfinals held in the Province of Perugia, but did not travel with the team. He remained in the first team squad (for the finals first leg only) after the reserves were eliminated by Roma, but <mask> failed to make the starting lineup or the bench. Hellas Verona
Albertazzi returned to Milan at the beginning of the 2012–13 season, being also named in 23-man squad for the pre-season TIM Trophy. However, on 31 July 2012 he was loaned to Serie B club Hellas Verona. <mask> was injured in his left knee from January to February 2013.Half of his registration rights, however, were purchased on 12 July 2013, for €250,000. On 20 June 2014, <mask> returned to Milan after his full rights were acquired by the club. On 30 July 2015, <mask> joined Hellas Verona on a free transfer. In the 2015–16 Serie A season he made 10 appearances for the club. In August 2016, he sustained an anterior cruciate ligament injury that was not diagnosed in a timely manner and eventually left him out of play for the two consecutive seasons. In 2017, he took a legal action against Hellas Verona citing medical negligence and deliberate refusal to reintegrate him into the

masks: Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi


title: Michelangelo Albertazzi

texts:
 squad as causes for the early contract termination and won the court case. The verdict also included his former club paying him €144,000 as a compensation (which was the equivalent of his yearly salary).Livorno
On 3 August 2018, <mask> joined Serie B club Livorno. Two days later, he made his debut for the club, playing the entire 120-minute Coppa Italia game against Casertana and scoring in the penalty shootout. However, having made only 6 appearances for the club (the last of which was on 31 October 2018), he left the club as a free agent at the end of season. International career
<mask> played for Italy from U16 to U20 level. He started his career in 2005 Christmas Youth Event (). U17
<mask> entered born 1989 squad instead of 1991 squad, in which he played all three matches in 2006 UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship elite qualification. He was rested in the first 2 matches in the qualification of 2007 edition and played all 3 matches of the elite qualification.<mask> played 3 times and scored 2 goals in the qualification of 2008 edition and all three matches in the elite round in March 2008. Between the qualification and elite round of 2007–08 season, <mask> also received a call-up to the 2008 Minsk under-17 International Tournament. However, no line-ups were available for the whole tournament. U19
<mask> immediately entered the Italy national under-19 football team in 2008–09 season, skipping the U18 team. <mask> already played twice in 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship elite qualification in May 2008. He also played 3 times in 2008 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship. He played for the team in friendlies to prepare for 2009 UEFA European Under-19

masks: Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi


title: Michelangelo Albertazzi

texts:
 Football Championship qualification, but dropped out from the final squad.In the rest of the season he played for Italy national under-20 football team instead, after Italy was eliminated in the qualification. <mask> returned to U19 team in 2009–10 season, rejoining other born 1991 players. <mask> played twice in 2010 UEFA European Under-19 Football Championship qualification. He also played all the matches in the next round and two in the final tournament. He was sent off in the second match. U20
<mask> played all 5 matches for Italy in 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in September–October. He also played all 4 matches in 2009 Mediterranean Games in June to prepare for the World Youth Cup.References

External links
 FIGC

Italian footballers
Italy youth international footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Bologna F.C. 1909 players
A.C. Milan players
Getafe CF footballers
S.S.D. Varese Calcio players
Hellas Verona F.C. players
U.S. Livorno 1915 players
Association football defenders
Italian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Sportspeople from Bologna
1991 births
Living people
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Competitors at the 2009 Mediterranean Games
Mediterranean Games medalists in

masks: Albertazzi Albertazzi Albertazzi


title: James Oddo

texts:
<mask> (born January 12, 1966) is an American attorney and politician who served as the Borough President of Staten Island from 2014 to 2021. <mask> had previously served as a member of the New York City Council, representing the 50th district from 1999 to 2013. Early life and education
<mask> was born on Staten Island as the youngest of four sons in a family of city employees. He earned a Bachelor of Arts from Fordham University, and a Juris Doctor from New York Law School. Career
He started in politics by working as Chief of Staff to then-councilman John Fusco for seven years and as Legal Counsel to the former Council Minority Leader Thomas Ognibene. <mask>'s career as a politician began in February 1999 when he won a special election to fill the seat vacated by John Fusco. After the resignation of Tom Ognibene, he was elected Minority Leader of the City Council with the consent of the three other Republicans on the Council in 2002.His district, the 50th, is located mainly on Staten Island and encompasses the neighborhoods of Arrochar, Bulls Head, Castleton Corners, Concord, Dongan Hills, Emerson Hill, Fort Wadsworth, Grant City, Graniteville, Grasmere, Heartland Village, Isle of Meadows, Meiers Corners, Midland Beach, New Dorp, New Springville, Oakwood, Ocean Breeze, Old Town, Prall's Island, Richmondtown, South Beach, Todt Hill, Travis, Westerleigh, and Willowbrook; but also parts of Bensonhurst, Dyker Heights and Bath Beach in Brooklyn. On October 20, 2010, he announced he would run for the office of Staten Island Borough President in 2013. On November 5, 2013, he was elected to office with 48,168 votes (69%). He outran Democratic candidate Lou Liedy, Green Party candidate Henry Bardel, and Libertarian Party candidate Silas Johnson. His percentage of 69% was the highest ever for a non-incumbent winner of the office, beating the record set by Republican Robert Connor in 1965. <mask> was re elected Borough President on November 7, 2017, with 75.56% of the vote. Staten Island Bus Study

Borough President <mask> championed the Staten Island Bus Study which has recommended major

masks:
James Steven Oddo
Oddo
Oddo
Oddo
James Oddo
Oddo


title: James Oddo

texts:
 service changes to Staten Island express buses.As a result of the study, express bus service to Staten Island was to be completely reorganized in August 2018. As part of the redesign, all of the existing bus routes would be discontinued and replaced with 21 new routes with a "SIM" prefix. Norwegian comedy show incident
Councilman <mask> received attention when a video of the councilman appeared on YouTube around October 5, 2007. In the video clip, <mask> is shown being interviewed by a film crew from the Norwegian comedy show Rikets røst (meaning "Voice of the Nation"), a show similar to The Colbert Report. The comedians had gained entry to councilman <mask>'s office by posing as TV journalists who wanted to get the view of a Republican on the upcoming U.S. presidential election. Instead, the interviewer, Pia Haraldsen, played the role of an uninformed foreigner. She asked how Barack Obama could run for president, "as he is not a U.S. citizen" (when informed by Oddo that Obama is indeed an American, she wondered about that, given that she had read somewhere that he was "African-American") and asked if Senator Clinton could be president "after that embarrassing incident with the cigar?"On the aired clip, Haraldsen cannot refrain from smiling as <mask> starts swearing at and threatening the film crew. One of the film crew's cameras continues recording the incident, as <mask>, in a profanity-laced tirade, furiously tells them to get "the fuck" out of his office and threatens to physically harm the film crew. <mask> later apologized, stating the tirade was "inappropriate" but that the sentiment beneath it was entirely appropriate, despite threatening physical harm to the film crew. Support of Congressman Fossella
In 2008, <mask> supported Congressman Vito Fossella, stating that he "knows what [Fossella's] core is about" and "He is my friend ... and I stand with him during the good times and I stand with him during the difficult times. What he needs to do is what he did today: Say, 'I'm ready to be held accountable and apologize and I have to heal myself, heal my relationship with

masks: Oddo Oddo Oddo Oddo Oddo Oddo Oddo


title: James Oddo

texts:
 my friends and family, and heal my relationship with my community.'" Fossella had been arrested for driving under the influence, was living with one woman while being married to another woman, and had fathered a child with the other woman. 2018 Surrogate Court election

<mask> was widely believed to be running for surrogate court judge in 2018 despite running for election as Borough President in 2017.When asked about a potential surrogate court judge candidacy, <mask> stated that he honestly did not know if he would serve a full second term; this statement led critics and his main opponent in the 2017 Borough President election, Tom Shcherbenko, to argue that he should not run for Borough President if he already had one foot out the door. <mask> was re-elected Borough President in 2017. Oddo ultimately chose not to run for Surrogate Court Judge. Views towards Muslims

In 2010, when developers planned to build a Muslim community center and mosque in Lower Manhattan, Oddo said he understood the outrage of families opposed to building a Muslim place of worship within a mile of the World Trade Center. Later that year, when a Catholic church planned to sell a convent to a group intending to use the building for a mosque, Oddo said that he would oppose the plan until the "responsible leadership of the Muslim community wholeheartedly, full-throatedly condemns the extremists of their religion." In 2005, <mask> said that police officers conducting random security searches on the New York subway system was not enough. Instead, he wanted police officers to prioritize the searching of young Muslim men.References

External links
NYC Council: District 50 - <mask>. Oddo
Longer version of Norwegian show Rikets røst including more of <mask> interview
Exploding New York City Councilman Refuses To Get 'Punked' (Fox News, 2007)

1966 births
American politicians of Italian descent
Fordham University alumni
Living people
New York City Council members
New York Law School alumni
New York (state) Republicans
People from Staten Island
Staten Island borough presidents
Monsignor Farrell High School

masks:
Oddo
Oddo
Oddo
Oddo
James S
James Oddo


title: Till Roenneberg

texts:
<mask> (born May 4, 1953) is a professor of chronobiology at the Institute of Medical Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU) in Munich, Germany. Roenneberg, in collaboration with Martha Merrow, explores the impact of light on human circadian rhythms, focusing on aspects such as chronotypes and social jet lag in relation to health benefits. Life

<mask> was born in Munich, Germany. He began working with Jürgen Aschoff at the age of 17. <mask> attended both the University College London and Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich where he began by studying physics. He switched to medicine in order to focus on the science of the human body, but ended up studying biology. As a postdoctoral fellow, he studied again under Jürgen Aschoff, studying annual rhythms in the body, then moved to the United States to study the cellular basis of biological clocks under Woody Hastings at Harvard University.In 1991, he began the tradition of giving the Aschoff's Ruler prize to a chronobiologist who has advanced the field. He is currently the vice-chair of the Institute for Medical Psychology of the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, the head of the Centre for Chronobiology, the president-elect of the European Biological Rhythms Society, the president of the World Federation of Societies for Chronobiology, and a member of the Senior Common Room of Brasenose College, University of Oxford. From 2005 to 2010 he was the coordinator of "EUCLOCK" and coordinator of the Daimler-Benz-Foundation network "ClockWORK", and from 2010 to 2012 was the member at large of the Society for Research of Biological Rhythms

Work

Early work

Dinoflagellates
Aside from human chronobiology, <mask> has significantly contributed to other aspects of the chronobiology field. He has done extensive work on dinoflagellates, a unicellular organism, and has been able to show that even this simple organism is capable of

masks:
Till Roenneberg
Roenneberg
Roenneberg
Roenneberg


title: Till Roenneberg

texts:
 possessing two independent rhythms, providing evidence that a single cell can have two different oscillators. In addition, his work on dinoflagellates has been able to show that these two independent oscillators differ to a significant extent in that they respond differently when treated with various light pulses. They found that the two oscillators have varying sensitivities to different types of light. The B-oscillator is most sensitive to blue light while the A oscillator is sensitive to both blue and red light.Neurospora crassa
<mask> has also completed work on Neurospora crassa, determining the masking qualities of entrainment through a Frequency (gene)-null circadian oscillator. He observed in the period of spore production (conidia bands) the phenomenon of masking, an unexpected effect on circadian entrainment due to a particular zeitgeber (such as light or temperature). Masking has significant implications not only for future studies – which must attempt to demask affected data – but also in relation to entrainment in everyday life. Current work

Chronotype questionnaire

One of <mask>'s most renowned accomplishments is the development of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). As a collaboration with Martha Merrow at LMU Munchen, the MCTQ samples sleep and circadian rhythm data from more than 25,000 participants. Unlike other chronotyping methods, which address the psychology of sleep, the MCTQ measures the phase angle of entrainment, the difference between an organism's intrinsic circadian period and the environmental light cycle. Thus, this questionnaire is the first to use a biological foundation, rather than psychology to determine the basis of sleep schedules.Questions about work day and free day sleep schedules, work details, and lifestyle provide data to aid in the understanding of the interplay of biological clocks and social influences. Such research has led

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Roenneberg
Till Roenneberg


title: Till Roenneberg

texts:
 <mask> to his theory of social jet lag. The MCTQ categorizes each participant into one of seven chronotype groups and utilizes data on participants’ midsleep phase and sleep debt to survey what “type” of sleeper each person is, such as late sleepers, slightly late sleepers, early sleepers, and others. From these data, the MCTQ offers methods to make up for sleep debt (if any), and offers suggestions on what to do to wake up earlier or sleep later. This chronotype questionnaire is important because it delves into the social aspects of circadian rhythms. By testing behavior rather than directly testing genetic factors, the MCTQ may offer new information regarding how the effects of external factors, including geographic location, seasons, obesity, social jet lag, or shift work, may relate to genetic predispositions of circadian rhythms. Internal time
<mask> released a book in March 2012 titled Internal Time: Chronotypes, Social Jet Lag, and Why You're So Tired where he explains the concepts behind circadian rhythm to the masses.One of the major points in his book is, "Early birds and night owls are born, not made." <mask> wanted to rid people of labels such as "lazy" that frequently get placed upon those who wake up late. With this book, he wanted to deliver his point that these sleep patterns are due to people's genetics and are not from choice. He discusses how everyone is born with an internal clock, and living a lifestyle in dissonance with this inherent biological clock puts individuals at greater risk for health problems. <mask> introduces the term “social jet lag," saying it is more dangerous than normal jet lag because social jet lag forces individuals to persistently go against their biological clock in a consistent light/dark cycle. In this book, he defines social jet lag as “the difference between midsleep on free days and midsleep on work days." Free days are defined as

masks: Roenneberg Roenneberg Roenneberg Roenneberg


title: Till Roenneberg

texts:
 days without an alarm clock, where one naturally wakes up, and work days where one wakes up with an alarm clock.Midsleep is defined as the midpoint of an individual's sleeping period. One of the significant health risks of social jet lag is obesity, and <mask> claims that for every hour of social jet lag, the probability of being overweight increases by approximately 33%. In fact, social jet lag is so prevalent that <mask> claims that 87% of the population of Central Europe suffers from social jet lag to some degree. Roenneberg also claims that adolescents, biologically, have an internal clock that causes their midsleep to fall later than young infants and adults. Thus, teenagers are not lazy, but are simply following their internal rhythms by going to sleep later and waking up later. This late midsleep pattern changes after adolescence, but at different points for men and women. Women's midsleep changes around age eighteen, while men's midsleep changes at the age of twenty-one.Forcing teenagers to wake up early, against their internal rhythms, leads to stress. As many studies have shown, stress leads to unhealthy decisions such as smoking and drinking. Awards
 Harvard-Hoops Price for Excellence in Teaching
 Honma Prize for Outstanding Contributions to Chronobiological Research
 Silver Medal of the University of Munich
 Professional Lighting Design Recognition Award for Research and Education

Selected publications
Some of Roenneberg's publications include:

References

External links
 MCTQ Chronotype Questionnaire
 "Internal Time" by <mask>berg

 LMU-Munich Website
 European Biological Rhythms Society
 EUCLOCK
 Society for Research on Biological Rhythms

20th-century German biologists
Chronobiologists
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich faculty
Harvard University alumni
Living people
1953 births
Alumni of University College London
Scientists from Munich
21st-century German

masks:
Roenneberg
Roenneberg
Till Roenne


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
<mask>, Count of Nagyappony (29 May 18467 February 1933) was a Hungarian aristocrat and politician. He was a Board Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Chairman of St Stephen Academy (hu) from 1921 to 1933, and a knight of the Austrian Golden Fleece from 1921. Early life

He was born on 29 May 1846, in Vienna, where his father, Count <mask>, was the resident Hungarian Chancellor at the time. He belonged to an ancient noble family dating back to the 13th century. While other Hungarian aristocrats like István Széchenyi or Lajos Batthyány had to learn Hungarian separately in the aristocratic world of the time, <mask>i family with Hungarian as his mother tongue, but he mastered several Western European languages from an early age. He was educated at the Jesuit institute in Calxburg (Lower Austria) until 1863, after which he studied law in Pest and Vienna. After completing his studies, he spent a long period (1868-70) abroad, as was customary at the time, mainly in Germany, England and France, where he was introduced to the royalist aristocracy.Among the French aristocrats he was particularly influenced by Count Charles de Montalembert. It was at his house that he met Pierre Guillaume Frédéric Le Play, the famous conservative sociologist whose work was to have a major influence on his intellectual development. Despite he owned a villa in London, he mostly spent time with the British royal family in the Buckingham Palace due to his close friendship to Queen Victoria and Edward VII. Beyond his talent as an orator and fluency in six languages, <mask> had wide-ranging interests outside politics, encompassing philosophy, literature, and especially music and religion, namely Roman Catholicism.

masks:
Albert György Gyula Mária Apponyi
György Apponyi
Albert Apponyippony
Albert Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 He visited the United States three times, first in 1904 and last in 1924, where he engaged in lecture tours and befriended leading public figures, including Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. He also visited Egypt twice, including in 1869 when he was invited to the inauguration of the Suez Canal. He owned the family castle in Éberhard, (now Malinovo, Slovakia), where he entertained guests including Theodore Roosevelt during his tour of Europe in 1910.Roosevelt described <mask> as "an advanced Liberal in matters political but also in matters ecclesiastical" and "like an American Liberal of the best type." He considered his first political activity to be the role he once played alongside Ferenc Deák as a university student, when he was present as an Italian interpreter at a meeting with a delegation from Dalmatia. Marriage and Family

Count <mask> married to the women's rights activist Countess Clotilde von Mensdorff-Pouilly in Vienna on 1 March 1897. Their children:

 Count György II Alexander <mask> (Éberhárd, 30 June 1898 - Saarbrücken, West Germany, 7 August 1970), politician, member of the Parliament, journalist. Mária Alexandrina (Éberhárd, 29 May 1899 - Salzburg, 3 July 1967); marriage: Budapest, 29 June 1933 to Prince Karl de Rohan (9 January 1898 - 17 March 1975)
 Julianna (Budapest, 9 November 1903 - Paris, 17 January 1994); 1st husband: (1924, (divorced: 1934) Count Ferenc Pálffy (30 August 1898); 2nd husband: (1943 (divorced: 1947) Elemér Klobusiczky (Debrecen, 20 August 1899 - Budapest, 25 February 1986)

Political career

Count <mask> became a member of the Hungarian Parliament in 1872 and remained a member almost uninterrupted until his death. Returning home

masks:
Apponyi
Albert Apponyi
Apponyi
Albert Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts: Party merged to form the united (moderate) opposition ("the mortar party", as Gyula Verhovay called it), he joined it, and his abilities made him a leader in this party after Dezső Szilágyi's departure. His party took the name of the National Party in October 1892, and remained under that name until February 1900, when it merged with the Libertarian Party. In 1889, he led all opposition parties in the debate on the development of the memorable army, demanding the assertion of the national rights guaranteed by the Compromise. This struggle broke the fifteen-year reign of Prime Minister Kálmán Tisza, and his fall soon followed (1890). His successor, Prime Minister Gyula Szapáry, was initially supported by Apponyi, but he turned against him when, instead of the original bill on administrative reform, he would have settled for a law stating that public administration was a state function. He then went into permanent opposition when Szapáry asked for and received a provisoire in October 1891 to dissolve parliament. The dissolution was carried out, but the opposition, and with it the National Party, emerged stronger from the electoral struggle, which in 1892 was conducted in an exile situation.Szapáry was defeated in the same year, and <mask> played no small part in his downfall. After the retirement of Baron Pál Sennyey (1878), when his conservative party, Dezső Szilágyi's extraordinary party group and the Independent Libertarian Party merged to form the united (moderate) opposition ("the mortar party", as Gyula Verhovay called it), he joined it, and his abilities made him a leader in this party after Dezső Szilágyi's departure. His party took the name of the National Party in October 1892, and


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 remained under that name until February 1900, when it merged with the Libertarian Party. In 1889, he led all opposition parties in the debate on the development of the memorable army, demanding the assertion of the national rights guaranteed by the Compromise. This struggle broke the fifteen-year reign of Prime Minister Kálmán Tisza, and his fall soon followed (1890). His successor, Prime Minister Gyula Szapáry, was initially supported by <mask>, but he turned against him when, instead of the original bill on administrative reform, he would have settled for a law stating that public administration was a state function. He then went into permanent opposition when Szapáry asked for and received a provisoire in October 1891 to dissolve parliament.The dissolution was carried out, but the opposition, and with it the National Party, emerged stronger from the electoral struggle, which in 1892 was conducted in an exile situation. Szapáry was defeated in the same year, and <mask> played no small part in his downfall. Advisor to Franz Joseph

A serious and long crisis ensued, during which Franz Joseph sought <mask>'s opinion, and which ended with the appointment of Baron Dezső Bánffy, then Speaker of the House of Representatives, as Prime Minister on 17 January 1895. Bánffy invited Apponyi to formal merger talks, but these ended inconclusively, as Bánffy made the merger conditional on the renunciation of national military requirements. It was in this year that Count <mask> first appeared in the Inter-Parliamentary Union. The conference was held in Brussels, and Bánffy initiated the strong participation of the Hungarian parliament, because in connection with the upcoming millenary celebrations of the

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title: Albert Apponyi

texts: Hungarian state, he wanted to invite the conference to be held the following year to Budapest, and a great battle was expected to develop around this invitation. The Hungarian delegation succeeded brilliantly: Budapest was accepted as the venue for the next conference by a majority of votes, with only five votes against.Towards the end of the year the opposition, led by <mask>, was again at war with the government. <mask> was so taken by the idea of the upcoming millenary celebrations that on Christmas Day he proclaimed a "treuga Dei" in his party's organ, the National Newspaper. However, 1896 had not yet ended when <mask>'s fight against Bánffy began again, as the government resorted to all means of violence and corruption in the general elections of that year. <mask> was merciless in his scourging of abuses and public corruption in the newspapers, and then turned against him over the so-called 'Ischl clause'. However, he still did not participate in the resulting parliamentary filibuster, because he considered it "medicina pejor morbo" (medicine is worse than death). The fight ultimately led to Bánffy's downfall. The government of Széll Kálmán followed.<mask> came to an agreement with Széll and joined the Libertarian Party with his party. Shortly afterwards, the 1901 Diet elected him president, and in the same year he became a de facto internal privy councillor to the king. Before the 1903 recruitment bill was discussed, he presented his military programme, calling for the implementation of the so-called national concessions, but he agreed to postpone the issue until the new law on defence was implemented. For this reason, he did not approve of the Independence Party's obstruction of the

masks: Apponyi Apponyi Apponyi Apponyi Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

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 recruitment bill, but as President he conducted the House's often stormy negotiations objectively and urged the delegations that came to see him to maintain their confidence in Parliament. After Széll's resignation on 1 July 1903, in order to stop the obstruction, he resigned his presidency and made a speech in favour of parliamentary peace, but the obstruction continued until Khuen-Héderváry's second resignation, and when the Libertarian Party had to take a stand on military issues, <mask> became a member of the Committee of Nine sent to draw up the party's new military programme. <mask> was inclined towards the opposition: although he did not succeed in asserting his position, he remained in the Libertarian Party until it became clear that he could not realise his military demands in that party. His intention to leave was matured by the parallel meetings decided by the majority, which were aimed at violently breaking down the obstruction.On 26 November, he therefore left the party, having already resigned the presidency on 3 November. He was followed by members of the former National Party, with whom he has now re-formed the National Party. This party was sixty-seven strong, but it was particularly close to the Independence Party on the military question and agreed with the Independence Party on the question of the house rule revision planned by István Tisza, which brought the house rule revision into line with a substantial extension of the right to vote. Leader of the opposition

<mask> was now the leader of the opposition in the struggle against the revision of the constitution, and on 18 November 1904 he declared on behalf of the whole opposition that he would never recognise the

masks: Apponyi Apponyi Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts: validity of the revision forced by the majority. This was followed that same evening by the memorable Perczel handkerchief vote. The fight went on. <mask> joined the alliance of opposition parties (allied opposition) and the government hired bits and pieces to defend the lex Daniel (new house rules).The final big confrontation followed: on 13 December, the opposition beat up the bits and smashed up the Chamber. István Tisza responded by dissolving the House, although the next year's budget had not yet been voted. <mask>, thoroughly disillusioned with the politics of the 60 weeks, joined the Independence Party at the end of the year. He led the 1904/1905 winter election campaign, which ended in a resounding victory for the opposition (26 January 1905). The opposition had thus become a majority, but was not yet in government. Attempts to mediate with the king were fruitless. The Fejérváry government came to power and the serious internal political crisis was complete.Finally, on 23 September, the king invited the leaders of the allied opposition, including <mask>, who was the leader of the national resistance and who, in order to counteract the plans of József Kristóffy, Minister of the Interior, advocated a broad extension of suffrage. On 8 April 1906, the so-called pact between the Crown and the allied opposition was finally reached, by ruling out the military question, and <mask> took over the cultural ministry in the Second Wekerle Government, appointed on 9 April under the presidency of Sándor Wekerle. His party alone won an absolute majority (61.26%) in parliament in the elections of 11 April, which confirmed this, and together with his coalition partners won almost 87% of the seats.

masks: Apponyi Apponyi Apponyi Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 which, given the government's means at the time, certainly did not lead to breathtaking scenes in the House of Representatives. After the death of Ferenc Kossuth in 1914, he became the party's president. At the outbreak of the First World War, the opposition and the government were at their fiercest. <mask> was again the one who initiated the reconciliation of the parties, so that by breaking down the partitions, the whole public opinion would stand united behind the government in the struggle that was forced upon the country. The Treuga Dei lasted until 1916. At that time the opposition, seeing the great mistakes that had been made in the conduct of foreign affairs and military affairs, demanded that it should be allowed greater influence in the conduct of these affairs. The king and the government acceded to this demand, and the opposition gave Apponyi, jr. Gyula Andrássy Jr. Rakovszky István Jr.However, the then Foreign Minister, Baron István Burián, was so dismissive of the committee when it appeared in Vienna that all three resigned their mandates at an open session of the House of Representatives. The fight in the Chamber of Deputies now revolved around the right to vote. <mask> was one of the first to call for a democratic extension of suffrage after the great blood sacrifices made by the Hungarian people in the war. István Tisza, the prime minister, refused to give in, but when the manuscript of Charles IV on suffrage appeared in April 1917, Tisza's position was shaken and he was soon forced to resign. <mask> government and then in the third Wekerle government, which lasted two years during the war. Interwar Period

Károlyi government and the Hungarian Soviet Republic

During the

masks: Apponyi Apponyi Apponyizy


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 Michael Karolyi regime, he completely withdrew from public life and was forced to flee from the Soviet Republic. The Reds did not allow him to leave the capital by rail: he fled by carriage and hid for a time in Fejér County and other parts of the Danube region, until he finally managed with great difficulty to cross the Danube to his estate in Éberhard.He lived there even after the collapse of the Communist Party and only returned home in November 1919, when his presence was indispensable in the unfolding negotiations initiated by Sir George Clark, the Entente's chief envoy in Budapest. Asked about his understanding of the Christian nationalist tendency then prevailing, he replied that his Christianity knew neither sectarian hatred nor racism, and that persecution was not a policy. He had been a strong participant in the unfolding negotiations for the formation of a government of concentration, and had already appeared to be forming the new government, when this combination was thwarted at the last moment by opposition to Christian-National unification. On 18 November, at the last inter-party conference held under Clark's chairmanship, Károly Ereky, the Minister of Public Food in the Friedrich government, said on behalf of that party that he would not support an Apponyi government. "At last an honest word!" - Apponyi replied and left the meeting. Paris Peace Conference

After World War I, <mask>'s most notable public office was his appointment in late 1919 to lead the Hungarian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference to present Hungary's case to the Allied and Associated Powers assembled there to determine the terms of the peace treaty with Hungary, which subsequently became known as the


title: Albert Apponyi

texts:
 Treaty of Trianon on account of it having been signed in the Grand Hall of the Palace of Trianon.<mask>'s mission culminated in a speech to the negotiators at the Quai d'Orsay on 16 January 1920, which he delivered in French, simultaneously translated himself into English, and concluded in Italian. Aponyi tried to convience the decision makers about the importance of democratic referendums about the disputed borders:

This performance was widely acclaimed but remained eventually fruitless as the Allies refused to amend the terms of the peace treaty, or even to discuss them with the Hungarian delegation. Even so, <mask>'s reputation in Hungary was enhanced by the episode and he came close to being chosen as provisional head of state, a position that however went to Miklós Horthy on 1 March 1920. After leading the Hungarian delegation at the Paris Peace Conference, he remained active in politics and diplomacy, as an opposition member of Parliament, legitimist advocate of the Habsburgs as Kings of Hungary, and regular representative at the League of Nations. The Horthy era

In May 1921, he celebrated his seventy-fifth birthday, and with it the fiftieth anniversary of his public life. On this day of his life, he was the subject of an overflowing celebration. The National Assembly devoted its sitting of 27 May to him, and two speeches were made on that occasion alone: a welcome speech by István Rakovszky, then Speaker of the House, and Apponyi's magnificent words of thanks.On the following day, in the St. Stephen's Basilica and in the Pesti Vigadó, Governor Miklós Horthy, the capital, the army and the entire public of the country celebrated the "greatest living Hungarian", who thanked the

masks: Apponyi Apponyi


title: Albert Apponyi

texts: unanticipated and unlooked-for celebration with noble simplicity and wonderful modesty. On the occasion of the celebration, the capital city of Budapest elected him an honorary citizen and erected a commemorative plaque in the square named after him - today Ferenciek Square. A few weeks later, he was in Geneva, where he participated with much success in the conference of the Union of the League of Nations, held in early June. On that occasion, he visited King Charles IV in Hertenstein, who made him a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece. Charles IV's appearance in Hungary on 20 October was unexpected for Apponyi, who was not privy to the King's intentions. He did not meet with him until 1 November in Tihany, where he travelled with Count Miklós Szécsen, former ambassador to the Vatican, with the government's permission. This meeting, together with the tragedy that had taken place in the space of a few days, had a shattering effect on Apponyi, and there was talk in political circles at the time that he would resign his mandate and retire from public life under the impact of the events.But this did not happen: on the contrary, he opposed the dethronement proposal with all his energy, and in his speech to the National Assembly on 3 November he vehemently protested against the King's surrender to the enemy. At the end of his speech, he read out the declaration of the legitimists that the dethronement proposal constituted a break with the ancient constitution and was legally invalid. After the declaration was read out, <mask> left the chamber with the Legitimist MEPs. In the last session of the National Assembly, when the House was in a fever of suffrage and the complication seemed to be