title: Amy Poehler

texts: and Recreation premiered on NBC on April 9, 2009, at 8:30 pm between two episodes of The Office. An ensemble cast including Aziz Ansari, Rashida Jones, Chris Pratt, Aubrey Plaza, Paul Schneider, and Nick Offerman joined <mask>.<mask> played Deputy Director of the Parks Department Leslie Knope in the fictional city of Pawnee, Indiana. After the first season had received a mixed reception, the show's second season received more positive reviews. One key change between seasons one and two was to distinguish the character of Leslie from Michael Scott, the central character of The Office. Parks decidedly down-played Leslie's ditziness from the first season and emphasized her intelligence, work ethic and earnest nature instead. A second-season episode, "Galentine's Day", included a new holiday Leslie created celebrating female friendship on February 13. Galentine's Day has since transcended the show with real-life celebrations. Adam Scott and Rob Lowe joined the show at the end of the second season, with Scott playing Leslie's eventual husband, Ben Wyatt.At the end of filming the second season, <mask> was once again pregnant. The show began producing the first six episodes of season three without a break to accommodate her pregnancy. <mask> was nominated again for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy in 2011. That same year, the show won a Peabody Award for "developing a hilarious venue to explore the good side of American democracy in an age when that side is so rarely on display. ", the show was a success with critics, but its future was still uncertain. Two episodes were written that could serve as series finales if it was cancelled,

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title: Amy Poehler

type: original

texts: including the mid-season episode where Leslie and Ben get married. The show was ultimately renewed for a sixth season in May 2013.<mask> was nominated for an Emmy Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy in 2013 for her work in season five. Season six included the show's 100th episode, "Second ", co-written by <mask> and Schur. In 2014, she won the Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Television Series – Comedy at the 71st Golden Globe Awards, which she co-hosted with Tina Fey. In the middle of season six, <mask> and Schur decided that it felt like the right time to plan the end of the show. They met with representatives from NBC, who agreed. The show was renewed for a final thirteen-episode season. <mask> and Schur co-wrote the final episode of the series, "One Last Ride",  which aired on February 24, 2015.By season 5, in addition to starring on Parks and Recreation, <mask> was also a producer. Behind the scenes, <mask> started a tradition of inviting the show cast and crew to a group dinner the last night of any location shoot. <mask> would start impromptu dance parties in the makeup trailer on set. <mask> wrote several episodes throughout the series, starting with the season two episode "Telethon". Other episodes she penned include "The Fight" (season three), "The Debate" (season four), "Second Chunce" (season six) and the finale "One Last Ride". Producer Dan Goor praised <mask>'s writing as "exceptionally good" and theorized, "[i]f <mask> submitted a blind script to any staff, she would be hired." <mask>'s writing of "The Debate" was recognized with nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and the Writers Guild of

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texts:
 America Award for Television: Episodic Comedy.In addition to writing "The Debate", <mask> also directed the episode. Additionally, she directed the episodes "Article Two" (season five) and "Gryzzlbox" (season seven). Golden Globe Awards
<mask> and Fey co-hosted the Golden Globe Awards ceremony for the first time in 2013. The program was watched by 20 million viewers, a 17 percent increase over the previous year. The pair co-hosted again in 2014 as part of a three-year contract. Gilbert Cruz, of the Vulture website, wrote: "They killed it last year with their opening monologue and they did so again this year." The 2014 show garnered its highest ratings in ten years.Before the 2015 Golden Globes, <mask> confirmed it would likely be the last time she and Fey hosted. Rolling Stone magazine wrote afterward that the pair "left no superstar unscathed during their riotous opening monologue" in which they "casually roasted the assembled masses". At the 2020 Television Critics Association winter press tour, NBC announced <mask> and Fey would host the Golden Globes again in 2021. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> and Fey hosted the Golden Globes from separate locations with <mask> in Los Angeles and Fey in New York City. Making It

In March 2017, NBC ordered to series a Poehler-produced crafting series, then-titled The Handmade Project. The show, retitled Making It, debuted on NBC in July 2018 with <mask> and her Parks and Recreation co-star Nick Offerman as co-hosts. The debut episode tied for the highest-rated premiere of summer 2018 and earned <mask> and Offerman a Primetime Emmy Nomination for Outstanding Host for a Reality or Competition Program.The show

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texts:
 returned for a second season which aired in December 2019. NBC has picked up Making It for a third season. Film
In 1999, <mask> had a small role in the movie Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo. The following year, she was cast in the film Wet Hot American Summer. Wet Hot American Summer was the first film from David Wain, who cast <mask> based on her work with Upright Citizen's Brigade. The film, which cost only $1.8 million to make, was not a success initially when it was released in 2001. It gained a following after its release on DVD.<mask> also appeared in the 2004 movie Mean Girls, written by Tina Fey. Fey wrote the role of self-described "cool mom" with <mask> in mind; however, Fey and director Mike Waters had to push for <mask>'s casting. The studio had been wary of casting too many SNL cast members and were concerned that <mask> was too young to play the mother of Rachel McAdams, who is only seven years younger than her. <mask> filmed the role in Toronto during the week while filming SNL. The movie grossed $129 million at the box office worldwide and saw its popularity continue to rise after its release on DVD. In 2008, she starred in Baby Mama, which reunited her with Tina Fey. <mask> plays trashy Angie Ostrowiski, who is hired by Fey's Kate to be her child's surrogate mother.The film opened on April 25, 2008, and was the number one movie at the box office in its opening weekend. The film went on to gross over $60 million at the U.S. box office. <mask> and Fey also co-starred in the movie Sisters (2015). Other film credits include: Envy (2004), Southland Tales (2006), Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny (2006), Blades of Glory (2007), Mr. Woodcock (2007),

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texts:
 Hamlet 2 (2008), Spring Breakdown (2009), A.C.O.D. (2013), and They Came Together (2014), and The House (2017). Poehler has also voiced several characters in animated films. Her voice-over credits include: Shrek the Third (2007), Horton Hears a Who!(2008), Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel (2009), Monsters vs. Aliens (2009), Hoodwinked Too! : Hood vs. Evil (2011), and Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chip-Wrecked (2011), The Secret World of Arrietty (2012), Free Birds, and Inside Out (2015). In Pixar's Inside Out, <mask> provides the voice for the main character, Joy, an emotion living inside an 11-year-old girl. <mask> also received a screen credit for writing some of Joy's dialogue. The film has a 98% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes and went on to gross $857 million worldwide. Director
<mask> made her film directorial debut with Wine Country, which premiered on Netflix on May 10, 2019.She also stars in the film, along with Maya Rudolph, Rachel Dratch, Ana Gasteyer, Paula Pell, and Emily Spivey. The screenplay is loosely based on a real trip the actresses took together to Napa Valley. <mask> is directing the film adaptation of the 2017 novel Moxie by Jennifer Mathieu, also for Netflix. Principal photography began in October 2019. Producer
In 2001 <mask> set up her own production company, Paper Kite Productions, which is part of Universal Television. As of 2019, the production company's staff is all female. To describe her success as a producer, The Hollywood Reporter called Poehler "a powerful arbiter of sophisticated comedy."<mask> co-created, produced, and starred in an animated series for Nickelodeon titled The Mighty B!, about Bessie Higgenbottom, a

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texts: "sweet, merit-badge-obsessed girl scout". The character of Bessie was inspired by a character <mask> performed doing improv. Season one averaged 3.1 million viewers and ranked as one of the top five animated programs in television. Nickelodeon renewed the show for a second season. In 2009 and 2010, <mask> earned Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Performer in an Animated Program. She has been an executive producer on series such as Difficult People and Broad City. Hulu ordered the comedy Difficult People in 2014 as the streaming service's first  ever scripted series.Starring Billy Eichner and Julie Klausner, Difficult People ran for three seasons. Broad City grew out of a web series starring Abbi Jacobson and Ilana Glazer. Jacobson and Glazer used their connections at UCB to approach <mask> about starring in the finale of their web series. <mask> agreed to appear in it and then joined Jacobson and Glazer to executive produce a television series. After initially selling a script to FX, the project ultimately landed at Comedy Central where it aired for five years until its 2019 series finale. <mask> appeared in the season one finale. Welcome to Sweden is a Swedish sitcom that premiered in March 2014 and began airing on NBC in the United States three months later.It is based on the experiences of <mask>, who moved with his girlfriend to her native country of Sweden in 2006. The series was canceled by NBC on July 28, 2015, after two seasons due to low ratings. <mask> makes cameo appearances in multiple episodes as herself as a celebrity client of her brother's character, a former New York tax accountant. She is also co-executive producer with him.

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title: Amy Poehler

texts:
 <mask>, along with Natasha Lyonne and Leslye Headland, created and executive produced the comedy-drama series Russian Doll for Netflix. The series premiered on February 1, 2019. The genesis of the series started seven years earlier after <mask> remarked Lyonne was always "the oldest girl in the world."<mask> and Lyonne liked the idea of a female character being many things at once, but joked the only way to have a female character that complex would be to re-do the part repeatedly. The idea evolved into the series where Lyonne's character dies repeatedly on her 36th birthday. <mask>, Lyonne, and Headland put together an all-female team of writers and directors. The series debuted on Netflix with a 100% fresh rating on the ratings aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes. As of December 28, 2020, the rating remained at 97%. In June 2016, BBC America announced it is developing a scripted series called Zero Motivation. The project is being executive produced by Brooke Posch and <mask>.<mask> is an executive producer on the upcoming series Three Busy Debras, a comedy series being produced for Adult Swim that stars Mitra Jouhari, Alyssa Stonoha, and Sandy Honig. In addition to serving as an executive producer, <mask> also provides the voices for two main characters in the series Duncanville, which premiered on Fox on February 16, 2020. Other work
In 1999, <mask> and Tina Fey provided voices for the video game Deer Avenger 2: Deer in the City. In September 2008, <mask> and Meredith Walker and <mask> founded Smart Girls at the Party, an online community and digital web series aimed at empowering girls. The first season  premiered online on November 17, 2008, with Mattel's

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title: Amy Poehler

texts: Barbie signed on as the lead sponsor. Smart Girls at the Party returned in 2012 as part of the YouTube Original Channel Initiative that focused upon the creation of new content. The new Smart Girls at the Party YouTube Channel went live on July 2, 2012, including new episodes of the series along with additional shows by <mask>, Walker and Miles.Four years after the launch of Smart Girls at the Party, digital network company Legendary Entertainment acquired ownership of the project. <mask> said in a statement, "We at Smart Girls are excited to be working with Legendary and look forward to providing funny and inspirational content for all of the goofballs out there." By the time of the deal, over five million views were registered on its YouTube channel and over 550,000 fans had liked the initiative on Facebook. On the Smart Girls YouTube channel, viewers have the opportunity to ask for life advice from <mask> in segments called Ask Amy. Smart Girls celebrated its 10th Anniversary in 2018. <mask> has also publicly championed a number of social and political causes. In 2012, she collaborated with the National Domestic Workers Alliance to film a public service announcement (PSA) to draw attention to the proposed California Domestic Worker Bill of Rights.The law, providing overtime pay to domestic workers, was signed into law the following year. Poehler also supported One Fair Wage, a campaign to require New York businesses to pay tipped workers the general minimum wage. Poehler has served as a celebrity ambassador for Worldwide Orphans Foundation, traveling to Haiti in 2013. The following year, Poehler joined Michelle Obama in Miami to celebrate the four year


title: Amy Poehler

texts:
 anniversary of her Let's Move! youth health initiative. Poehler's memoir, Yes Please, was published on October 28, 2014. She explained in a promotional interview with National Public Radio (NPR) that she was "used to writing in characters and not really writing about myself... it was easier to share the early parts of my life rather than my own current events."Topics covered in the book include body image, parenthood, and learning about the limitations of physical appearance. The book debuted at number one on The New York Times Best Seller list. In 2011, <mask> was included on Times "100 most influential people in the world". She also delivered the Class Day address to Harvard University's class of 2011. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences invited <mask> to become a member as part of its 2017 class. <mask> is a known fan of the musical group Beastie Boys. She has a role as a disgruntled cafe patron in the music video for the group's song "Make Some Noise", which was nominated for the MTV Video of the Year in 2011.<mask> also wrote a chapter in the Beastie Boys Book in which she reviews 17 of the group's music videos. In the chapter, <mask> states, "Beastie Boys mean a great deal to me. Their music was the soundtrack I heard while I sat in my room, drank in the woods, and rode my bike to my dead-end job." She is also featured as a voice on the audio version of the book. Personal life
<mask> married actor Will Arnett on August 29, 2003. They met in 1996 when he saw one of her performances and they started dating four years later. During their relationship, <mask> and Arnett worked together on several projects including the series Arrested

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 Development, the 2007 film Blades of Glory, Horton Hears a Who!, and The Secret World of Arrietty.<mask> and Arnett announced their separation in September 2012; and Arnett filed for divorce in April 2014. <mask> and Arnett have two sons: Archie, born in October 2008 and Abel James, born August 2010. Poehler lives with her children in Los Angeles. She praised her children's nannies as part of her Time 100 speech for helping to take care of them and allowing her to balance her career and family. From 2013 to 2015, Poehler dated fellow comedian Nick Kroll. She is a feminist. In 2016, Poehler received a letter from the city of Beverly Hills for her excessive water usage during the state of California's drought that year.<mask>'s property used 12,000 gallons per day. Filmography

Bibliography

Awards and nominations

See also
 Saturday Night Live parodies of Hillary Clinton

Notes

References

External links

1971 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American women writers
Actors from Newton, Massachusetts
Actresses from Massachusetts
American film actresses
American impressionists (entertainers)
21st-century American memoirists
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
Showrunners
American sketch comedians
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Portuguese descent
American television actresses
American television directors
Television producers from Massachusetts
American women television producers
American television writers
American voice actresses
American women comedians
American women screenwriters
American feminists
Audiobook narrators
Best Musical or Comedy Actress

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title: Linda Addison (lawyer)

texts:
<mask> is an American business executive, lawyer and author. <mask> served as U.S. Managing Partner, Chair of the U.S. Management Committee, and global board member of Norton Rose Fulbright. She is Founding President of the Center for Women in Law, and co-chaired the New York State Bar Association’s Task Force on the Future of the Legal Profession. Crain's New York Business named <mask> one of the "50 Most Powerful Women in New York." She is a member of the Board of Directors of Globe Life Inc. <mask> also is an independent board member of KPMG LLP, the U.S. audit, tax and advisory firm. She previously served on the Advisory Board of Northern Trust Bank, N.A.Early life and education
<mask> is the daughter of Marcus and Theresa Leuchter, Nazi concentration camp survivors who immigrated to the United States in 1946. After graduating from Bellaire High School in 1969, she attended The University of Texas, graduating in 1973 with a B.A. cum laude in the Plan II Honors Program, headed by Vartan Gregorian. At the University of Texas School of Law, she became the first woman Managing Editor of the Texas Law Review and received her J.D. in 1976. She was named the 2008 Outstanding Alumnus of the University of Texas School of Law, the first woman in active law practice to receive this award. <mask> was named a 2013 Distinguished Alumnus of the University of Texas.On April 16, 2015, The University of Texas at Austin President William C. Powers presented <mask> with The Presidential Citation, which recognizes "the extraordinary contributions of individuals who personify the University’s commitment to the task of transforming lives." Career and achievements
As lead counsel for GE Energy, <mask> v. GE Energy) and served as lead counsel for GE Healthcare in the multi-jurisdictional litigation alleging overexposure to radiation from CT machines. <mask>'s other cases include the jury trial for Mars Incorporated involving infringement of one of its pet food patents, in which, as lead counsel, she obtained a

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title: Linda Addison (lawyer)

texts: judgment for monetary damages and a permanent injunction requiring consumer goods giants Heinz and Del Monte to remove six infringing product lines from the market (Mars, Incorporated v. H.J. Heinz Company). As lead counsel for the Northern Trust Company, the former directed trustee of the Enron 401(k) plan in the $1.7 billion Enron employee benefit plan class action cases, the largest ERISA class action in U.S. history, she successfully negotiated a settlement within policy limits (Tittle v. Enron Corp). <mask> was lead counsel for Handy Dan Hardware in the trial of the case that challenged the constitutionality of Texas Blue Laws (Retail Merchants Association of Houston v. Handy Dan Hardware), leading to their repeal in 1985, and making it possible for Texans to shop on Sunday. In 2001, she became the first woman named to Fulbright & Jaworski’s Executive Committee, which is now the Norton Rose Fulbright  US Management Committee, which she chaired from 2013 to 2016.In 2009, the American Bar Association awarded <mask> its Margaret Brent Women Lawyers of Achievement Award, which recognizes the accomplishments of women lawyers who have achieved professional excellence and paved the way to success for other women. Prior award recipients include U.S. Supreme Court Justices Sandra Day O'Connor and Ruth Bader Ginsburg. <mask> co-chaired the New York State Bar Association's Task Force on the Future of the Legal Profession. She is Founding President of the Center for Women in Law. The Center launched in April 2009 with its inaugural Women's Power Summit on Law and Leadership where the keynote speaker was The Honorable Sandra Day O'Connor. Crain's New York Business named <mask> one of the "50 Most Powerful Women in New York." The National Law Journal named her one of the "50 Most Influential Women Lawyers in America" and one of the "100 Most Influential Lawyers in America."In 2001, The National Law Journal named her one of "America's Top 50 Women Litigators." Texas Lawyer named <mask> the number one

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texts:
 "Go-To Lawyer" for commercial litigation in its Go-To Guide, and honored her with its Lifetime Achievement Award. The New York Law Journal named her a Distinguished Leader. <mask> is the author of Texas Practice Guide: Evidence (Thomson West 2017) and Federal Civil Procedure & Evidence During Trial: 5th Circuit, (Chapter 9 - Evidence: Burden of Proof, Admissibility and Objections West Group 1997). Civic and charitable involvement
She is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, The Committee of 200, the International Women's Forum, The River Club of New York, the University Club of New York, the Economic Club of New York and the Coronado Club of Houston. <mask> serves on the Boards of Directors of Catalyst and the Kay Bailey Center for Energy, Law and Business, and the Board of Visitors of The University Cancer Center Foundation of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.She serves as a Trustee of the University of Texas Law School Foundation and as a Lifetime Member of the Executive Committee of the Chancellor's Council of the University of Texas System. In 2014, <mask> was honored as "Woman of the Year" by the Police Athletic League of New York City. Legal Momentum presented her with its Equal Opportunity Award in 2011. In 2006, The United Way of the Texas Gulf Coast named <mask> Woman of the Year. References

External links
Norton Rose Fulbright biography of <mask>

American Bar Association video of 2009 Margaret Brent Award Recipient <mask>

American Bar Association profile of 2009 Margaret Brent Award Recipient <mask>
Houston Chronicle profile of <mask> "Houston Lawyer 'Able to Defy Long Odds'
Super Lawyers article profiling <mask> "Tough As Nails"
Crain's 50 Most Powerful Women in New York 2011
Crain's 50 Most Powerful Women in New York 2013
Crain's 50 Most Powerful Women in New York 2015

Living people
1951 births
Texas lawyers
New York (state) lawyers
American women lawyers
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
University of Texas School of Law alumni
21st-century American

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title: John Nathan-Turner

texts:
<mask> (12 August 1947 – 1 May 2002), born <mask>, was the ninth producer of the long-running BBC science fiction series Doctor Who. He was also the final producer of the series' first run on television (from 1980 until it was cancelled in 1989). He finished the role having become the longest-serving Doctor Who producer and cast Peter Davison, Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy as the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Doctors, respectively. Early life
Born <mask> in Birmingham, he adopted the double-barrelled stage name <mask> to distinguish himself from the British actor <mask>. He was educated at King Edward VI School, at Aston in Birmingham, where he showed an early interest in acting and theatre. His earliest television acting work was as an extra in TV productions for ITV, including Crossroads and The Flying Swan. Both shows were made in Birmingham (the former at ATV's Aston studios).On leaving school, he initially worked as an actor and assistant stage manager at Birmingham's Alexandra Theatre. Turner was later taken on by the BBC as a television floor assistant, working on every type of show (from light entertainment to news and current affairs), including – more importantly for his later career – drama. Shows produced by the BBC's drama department that he worked on included The Pallisers, How Green Was My Valley, Angels, and All Creatures Great and Small. An assignment to the BBC's light entertainment department also led to him spending two years working on The Morecambe and Wise Show, prior to Eric and Ernie's 1978 move to ITV. Doctor Who
Having joined the BBC as a floor assistant in the 1960s, he first worked on Doctor Who in 1969 as part of the floor crew at a time when

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texts: "<mask>-Turner should be applauded for enticing big-name guest stars and his 'stunt casting' of actors in wildly inappropriate roles often pays off", although he cited Briers as an example who was "shockingly bad". He was criticised for the casting of companions purely as gimmicks: the character Tegan Jovanka (an Australian air-stewardess played by Janet Fielding) was introduced solely to curry favour with viewers in Australia; whilst Peter Davison reported that the American character Peri Brown (played by Nicola Bryant) was introduced only in an attempt to endear the show to American viewers. Davison has said Nathan-Turner's decision to introduce an American companion merely to appeal to the American market was one of his reasons for leaving the show, as he felt it was wrong for the series, but led to his realising that – despite being its star – the direction of the series was out of his control, and he could do nothing about decisions he disagreed with. In 1985, BBC1 controller Michael Grade enforced an 18-month hiatus on Doctor Who, publicly criticising the series as tired, violent and unimaginative. In 1986, after the series had returned (with a greatly reduced number of episodes per season), Grade insisted that Nathan-Turner replace the actor he had cast as the Sixth Doctor, Colin Baker, as a condition of it continuing.According to an interview with Peter Davison in 2018, Baker was "the victim" because "the power structure in the BBC had changed and they didn't want <mask>-Turner around." Nathan-Turner also received criticism from his former executive producer, Barry Letts, for introducing the question mark motif on Tom Baker's costume. Peter Davison, Colin

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texts:
 alone bring anything to the show."Terrance Dicks was particularly scathing of Nathan-Turner's production of Doctor Who during an interview in 2013: "There was a decline, without a doubt. I think the people working on it, particularly <mask>-Turner, were not fit for purpose, as it were. Colin Baker, for example, never got a chance with that silly costume, which I thought was a great shame. I was sorry, but I wasn't surprised when they took it off." However, composer and audio engineer Mark Ayres made an impassioned defence of Nathan-Turner on the DVD commentary for The Greatest Show in the Galaxy, stating: "<mask> gets a lot of criticism as a producer but he was absolutely fantastic in giving people a chance: new writers, new composers, new actresses. And a lot of what <mask> did didn't work, let's be honest, but when it does work I think you get something really quite special." Later career

After the series ended in 1989, and until shortly before his death, Nathan-Turner continued to be involved in Doctor Who-related events, and remained a familiar face at conventions for many years afterwards.In the early 1990s, while working for BBC Video, Nathan-Turner produced and wrote several Doctor Who videotape documentary releases: The Hartnell Years, The Troughton Years, The Pertwee Years, The Tom Baker Years, The Colin Baker Years, Daleks: The Early Years, Cybermen: The Early Years, and a special release of the unfinished story Shada with Tom Baker doing first person linking narration as the Fourth Doctor in place of the missing scenes. Also during the early 1990s, Nathan-Turner produced the earliest Doctor Who commercial releases on audio cassette, for the BBC Radio

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texts:
 his long-term partner, Gary Downie, who was also a BBC employee (ultimately becoming a production manager with BBC Television). They met in 1972, and worked together on All Creatures Great and Small, where Nathan-Turner was Production Unit Manager (Downie was the Assistant Floor Manager at BBC Pebble Mill on series 3), and on Doctor Who. Downie, who was born Roderick Pinkus in South Africa in 1940, died on 19 January 2006.He spoke of his life with Nathan-Turner in an interview with Doctor Who Magazine. Richard Marson's book, The Life and Scandalous Times of <mask>-Turner (2013), alleges inappropriate sexual behaviour on Nathan-Turner's part by stating that he and Downie were preying on male teenage fans during his period as producer of the series. The age of consent for gay men at the time was 21 in the UK, compared to 16 for heterosexual relationships. Books
 Doctor Who – The TARDIS Inside Out (May 1985, Picadilly Press Ltd., by <mask>-Turner and illustrated by Andrew Skilleter, Paperback; October 1985, Random House Children's Books (library), Hardback)
 Doctor Who: The Companions (November 1986, Picadilly Press Ltd., by <mask>-Turner and illustrated by Stuart Hughes, Paperback; January 1987, Random House Children's Books (library), Hardback)
 JN-T: The Life and Scandalous Times of <mask>-Turner By Richard Marson  (May 2013, Miwk Publishing Ltd.)

References

External links

1947 births
2002 deaths
20th-century English screenwriters
BBC television producers
English television producers
English television writers
British gay writers
LGBT writers from England
People educated at King Edward VI Aston School
People from Brighton
Writers from Birmingham, West

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title: Scott Gates (academic)

texts:
<mask> (born 29 December 1957 in Minneapolis, Minnesota) is an American political scientist and economist based in Norway. He was director of the Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO)'s Centre for the Study of Civil War (CSCW), which was a Norwegian Center of Excellence funded by the Research Council of Norway for a twelve-year period 2002-2013. He is currently a Research Professor at PRIO, a Guest Researcher at ESOP in the Department of Economics at the University in Oslo and also holds a professorship in the Department of Political science at the University of Oslo. He used to work at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) and Michigan State University (MSU). His current research topics include Rise of China, Islamic State and Police Brutality. His previous research includes Applied Game Theoretic Analysis, International Relations Theory, International Political Economy, Formal Models of Bureaucracy and Economic Modeling. <mask> holds a BA in political science and anthropology from the University of Minnesota (1980), an MA in political science from the University of Michigan (1983), an MSc in applied economics from the University of Minnesota (1985) and a PhD in political science from the University of Michigan (1989).He moved to Norway in 2003, was a visiting research fellow at PRIO from 1997 to 1999 and continued as program leader and research professor until 2002, when he was appointed director of the CSCW. He has also held assistant and associate professorships at Michigan State University. <mask> was accepted in the Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters in 2008. He is also a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Selected publications

Books

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title: Scott Gates (academic)

texts:
 (Monographs)
 <mask>, <mask> and Kaushik, Roy. 2014. Unconventional Warfare in South Asia.Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency. Farnham, UK: Ashgate. Brehm, John and <mask>. 2008. Paperback issued in 2010. Teaching, Tasks, and Trust. Functions of the Public Executive.A Volume in the Russell Sage Foundation Series on Trust. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Fink, Evelyn, <mask>, and Brian D. Humes. 1998. Game Theory Topics: Incomplete Information, Repeated Games and N-Player Games. London: Sage Publications. Brehm, John and <mask>.1997. Paperback issued in 1999. Working, Shirking, and Sabotage: Bureaucratic Response to a Democratic Public. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. <mask>, <mask> and Brian D. Humes. 1997. Games, Information, and Politics: Applying Game Theoretic Models to Political Science.Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. Journal Articles
 <mask>, <mask>, Benjamin Graham, Yonatan Lupu, Håvard Strand, and Kaare Strøm. Forthcoming 2016. Powersharing, Protection, and Peace. Journal of Politics. Strøm, Kaare Wallace, Benjamin Graham, Håvard Strand, and <mask>. Forthcoming 2015.Inclusion, Dispersion, and Constraint: Powersharing in the World’s States, 1975 – 2010. British Journal of Political Science. Kim, Woosang and <mask>. 2015. Power Transition and the Rise of China. International Area Studies Review. 18(3): 219 – 226.<mask>, <mask> and Sukanya Podder. 2015. Social Media, Recruitment, Allegiance, and the Islamic State. Perspectives on Terrorism. 9(4): 107 – 116. Brehm, John and <mask>. 2015.Bureaucratic Politics rising from, Not Defined by, a Principal-Agency Dyad. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 25 (1): 27 – 42. <mask>, <mask> and Håvard

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title: Scott Gates (academic)

texts: Mokleiv Nygård. 2013. Soft Power at Home and Abroad: Sport Diplomacy, Politics, and Peace-building. International Area Studies Review .16(3): 235 – 243.Binningsbø, Helga Malmin, Cyanne Loyle, <mask>, and Jon Elster. 2012. Armed Conflict and Post-Conflict Justice, 1946 – 2006. A Dataset. Journal of Peace Research. 49(5): 731 – 740. <mask>, <mask>, Håvard Hegre, Håvard Nygård, and Håvard Strand.2012. The Development Consequences of Civil Conflict. World Development. 40 (9): 1713 – 1722. Butler, Christopher and <mask>. 2012. African Range Wars: Climate, Conflict, and Property Rights.Journal of Peace Research. 49(1): 23 – 34. Rustad, Siri Aas, Halvard Buhaug, Åshild Falch, and <mask>. 2011. All Politics Is Local. Modeling Subnational Variation in Conflict. Conflict Management and Peace Studies.28(1): 15 – 40. Butler, Christopher and <mask>. 2009. Asymmetry, Parity, and (Civil) War: Can International Theories of Power Help Us Understand Civil War. International Interactions. 35(3): 330 – 40. Buhaug, Halvard, <mask>, and Päivi Lujala.2009. Geography, Rebel Capability and the Duration of Civil Conflict. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 53(4): 544 – 569. Buhaug, Halvard, <mask>, Håvard Hegre, Håvard Strand, & Henrik Urdal. 2009. Nils Petter Gleditsch: A Lifetime Achiever.European Political Science. 8(1): 79 – 89. <mask>, <mask>, Håvard Hegre, Mark Jones, and Håvard Strand. 2006. Institutional Inconsistency and Political Instability: Polity Duration, 1800 – 2000. American Journal of Political Science. 50(4): 33 – 48.Fredriksson, Per G., Eric Neumayer, <mask>, and Richard Damania. 2005. Environmentalism, Democracy, and Pollution Control. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. 49:343 – 365.

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title: Scott Gates (academic)

texts: Murshed, S. Mansoob and <mask>. 2005.Spatial-horizontal Inequality and the Maoist Insurgency in Nepal. Review of Development Economics. 9(1): 121 – 134. [Reprinted in Kanbur, Ravi, Anthony J. Venables and Guanghua Wan, eds. Spatial Disparities in Human Development: Perspectives from Asia. Tokyo: UNU Press. 188 – 206.2006.] Buhaug, Halvard and <mask>. 2002. The Geography of Civil War. Journal of Peace Research. 39(4): 417 – 433. [Reprinted in Diehl, Paul F. Diehl, editor.War. Library of International Relations. London: Sage. 3:209 – 229. 2005.] <mask>, <mask>. 2002.Recruitment and Allegiance: The Microfoundations of Rebellion. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 46(1): 111 – 130. Hegre, Håvard, Tanja Ellingsen, <mask>, and Nils Petter Gleditsch. 2001. Toward a Democratic Civil Peace? Democracy, Political Change, and Civil War, 1816 – 1992.American Political Science Review. 95(1): 33 – 48. [Reprinted in Diehl, Paul F. Diehl, editor. War. Library of International Relations. London: Sage. 5: 165 – 193.2005.] Mitchell, Sara McLaughlin, <mask>, and Håvard Hegre. 1999. Evolution in Democracy-War Dynamics. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 43(6): 771 – 792. McLaughlin, Sara, <mask>, Håvard Hegre, Ranveig Gissinger, and Nils Petter Gleditsch.1998. Timing the Changes in Political Structures: A New Polity Database. Journal of Conflict Resolution. 42(2): 231 – 242. <mask>, <mask> and Mark Lanier. 1996. Incarcerated Youth At Risk: An Empirical Assessment of the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) Employing Ordered Probit Analyses.Journal of Criminal Justice. 24(6): 537 – 547. [Reprinted in Lanier, Mark M. Lanier, editor. The Impact of HIV/AIDS on Criminality and Criminal Justice. Hampshire,  UK: Ashgate. 2006.] <mask>,

masks:
Scott Gates
Scott Gates
Gates
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Gates


title: Scott Gates (academic)

texts:
 <mask>, Torbjørn Knutsen, and Jonathon Moses.1996. Democracy and Peace: A More Skeptical View. Journal of Peace Research. 33(1): 1 – 10. <mask>, <mask> and Jeffrey Hill. 1995. Democratic Accountability and Governmental Innovation in the Use of Non-Profit Organizations.Policy Studies Review. 14(1): 137 – 148. <mask>, <mask> and Sherry Bennett Quiñones. 1995. Economic Risk and the Politics of Protectionism. International Interactions. 21(1): 63 – 83.Brehm, John and <mask>. 1994. When Supervision Fails to Induce Compliance. Journal of Theoretical Politics. 6(3): 323 – 343. Brehm, John and <mask>. 1993.Donut Shops and Speed Traps: Evaluating Models of Police Supervision. American Journal of Political Science. 37(2): 555 – 581. References

Research Topics
 Research relevant to current affairs: Rise of China, Islamic State and Police Brutality. Research Topics: Applied Game Theoretic Analysis, International Relation Theory, International Political Economy, Formal Models of Bureaucracy, and Economic Modelling. <mask> research interests include: Governance, Bureaucracies and Organizations, Conflict Dynamics, and The Development Consequences of Warfare. External links
 Staff page at PRIO/CSCW
 <mask>' homepage: http://scottgates.weebly.com/
 <mask> at ISA: http://www.isanet.org/Conferences/New-Orleans-2015/Program/Sapphire-Series
 <mask> at Peace Science Society: http://sites.psu.edu/pssi/organization/

1957 births
Living people
Scientists from Minneapolis
University of Minnesota College of Liberal Arts alumni
Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies alumni
American political scientists
American expatriates in Norway
Royal Norwegian Society of Sciences and Letters
Members of the Norwegian Academy of

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Gates
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Scott Gates


title: Noize MC

texts:
Noize MC is the stage name of Ivan Alexandrovich Alexeyev (, born 9 March 1985), is a Russian rapper, singer and actor. Biography

Birth, early work (1985–2002)
Alexeyev was born on 9 March 1985 in Yartsevo, Smolensk Oblast, Russia. His father is a musician and his mother is a chemist. His parents divorced in 1994. When he was about eight or nine years old, Alexeyev first began to write poetry, and at the age of ten became interested in music. In the winter of 1995–96 he enrolled in music school, studying classical guitar. In 1997 he moved with his mother to the city of Belgorod, where he twice won the regional competition for classical guitar: 1st place in 1998 and 2nd in 2000.When Alexeyev was 13 he formed his own rock band. His idols were Nirvana and The Prodigy. In 2001 Alexeyev graduated music school and in 2002 he graduated high school with a "gold medal". That summer, the musician went to the Russian State Humanities University, and therefore had to leave his band and move to Moscow. Formation (2003–2006)

Settled in an RSHU dormitory, Ivan started his solo career. In 2003, he organized the alternative rock band "Protivo Gunz", composed of non-resident students. It was in his dormitory period that he perfected his mastery of the hip-hop freestyle, and composed most of his demos as Noize MC.The tracks became popular among young people, thanks to the Internet. From 2003 to 2005 Noize <mask> MC won against the famous rapper <mask>, in the final freestyle Battle at the festival of street culture "Snickers Guru Clan." <mask> <mask> was invited by the organizers to become a judge and presenter at another large street festival, called "Snicckers Urbania". In May

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title: Noize MC

texts:
 of this year, Ivan Alexeyev moved out of the dormitory into a rented room on the street Old Arbat. The band "Protivo Gunz" regularly appeared in impromptu street concerts.Some concerts were interrupted by police. In the summer of 2005 and 2006, Noize <mask> <mask> signed to "Respect Productions" as a solo artist, but continued to sing with the band "Protivo Gunz". On 9 September 2006 his rock band won the Russian competition "Urban Sound". Rise in popularity (2007–2008)

As the grand prize for winning "Urban Sound", Protivo Gunz was filmed in a low-budget video for "Pesnya dlya radioefira" (an old song from the solo repertoire of Ivan Alexeyev), which was shown on the TV channel "Muz-TV". At the insistence of the label, the artist was specified as Noize <mask> in the final output.In November 2006, the track appeared on the radio station "DFM". In March 2007, Muz-TV showed retakes from the making of the music video. The Estonian music video was directed by Hindrek Maasik. 13 April 2007 a contract was signed between Noize MC and Respect Productions, and the Russian subsidiary of Universal Music Group. Music journalists regarded the signing of the contract as a significant event not only for the artist, but for Russian hip-hop as well. "This event is not easy to overestimate," said analyst portal Rap.ru. "We have seen an underground artist become an artist with an international label name."There was originally a plan to release a <mask> MC debut album jointly with Respect Production and Universal Music Russia, but several months later the previous label artist completely handed over rights to Universal Music Group. At the same time, Noize MC won the largest Russian

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title: Noize MC

texts:
 its animated music video, became very popular on the internet.Lyrics of Mercedes S666 (in Russian) retrieved 18 November 2012 (This reaction can be seen as part of a larger social movement against oligarchs' impunity in traffic violations.) Noize MC, along with other celebrities such as writer Boris Akunin addressed the crowds at an anti-government demonstration on 10 December 2011. In August 2014 Noize <mask> performed in Ukraine during the Russian intervention and partial occupation of Ukraine. During a festival in Lviv, he had a Ukrainian flag on stage and dedicated his performance to "all the victims of information warfare". Upon his return to Russia, more than 60% of his upcoming shows were subsequently cancelled by concert promoters following pressure from local authorities, while a number of the remaining were disrupted by unexpected police drug raids and fake bomb searches; the band also had trouble rescheduling events or finding alternative venues.Speaking to the BBC in November 2014, he said that his group was being "blacklisted" in Russia and added that they were "watched and monitored everywhere. It's pretty creepy. I'm really against war. And now this kind of position is considered dangerous." Band members

Current members
Ivan Alexeyev – lead vocals, guitar (2003–present)
Alexander Kislinskiy – bass guitar, backing vocals (2003–present)
Ashot Petrosyan – scratching, sampling, beatboxing, backing vocals, tambourine (2013–present)
Vladimir Zinovyev – drums (2017–present)

Current touring musicians
Andrey Shinkevich – guitar (2013–present)

Former members
Andrey Pikh – drums (2003-2005)
Stanislav Ammosov – scratching, sampling (2012-2013)
Pavel


title: Emily Rosa

texts:
<mask> (born February 6, 1987) is the youngest person to have a research paper published in a peer reviewed medical journal. At age nine <mask> conceived and executed a scientific study of therapeutic touch which was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in 1998. She graduated from the University of Colorado at Denver in 2009 with a major in psychology. Her parents, Larry Sarner and <mask>, are leaders of the advocacy group Advocates for Children in Therapy. Therapeutic Touch study
In 1996, <mask> saw a video of Therapeutic Touch (TT) practitioners claiming they could feel a "Human Energy Field" (HEF) emanating from a human body and could use their hands to manipulate the HEF in order to diagnose and treat disease. She heard Dolores Krieger, the co-inventor of Therapeutic Touch, claim that everyone had the ability to feel the HEF, and <mask> heard other nurses say the HEF felt to them "warm as Jell-O" and "tactile as taffy." <mask> was impressed by how certain these nurses were about their abilities.She said, "I wanted to see if they really could feel something." Using a standard science fair display board, <mask> devised a single-blind protocol, later described by other scientists as "simple and elegant", for a study she conducted at age nine for her 4th grade science fair. There were two series of tests. In 1996, 15 practitioners were tested at their home or office on different days over a period of several months. In 1997, 13 practitioners, including 7 from the first series, were tested on a single day. The second series was observed and videotaped by the producers of Scientific American Frontiers. Stephen Barrett, MD, of Quackwatch was senior author, her mother (<mask>, RN) was lead author, and her stepfather (Larry Sarner)

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title: Emily Rosa

texts:
 served as statistician when the experiment was written up for the Journal of the American Medical Association.The study, which included an extensive literature search, was published on April 1, 1998. George Lundberg, editor of JAMA, aware of the uniqueness of the situation, said:  "Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters, and this is good science". The study tested the ability of 21 TT practitioners to detect the HEF when they were not looking. <mask> asked each of the practitioners to sit at a table and extend their hands through a screen. On the other side of the screen, <mask> randomly selected one of the TT practitioners' hands and held her own hand over it. The TT practitioners were then asked which of their hands detected <mask>'s HEF.Subjects were each given ten tries, but they correctly located <mask>'s hand an average of only 4.4 times. Some subjects were asked before testing to examine <mask>'s hands and select which of her hands they thought produced the strongest HEF. <mask> then used that hand during the experiment, but those subjects performed no better. The results showed that TT practitioners could not detect the hand more often than chance, and <mask> and her co-authors therefore concluded that there was no empirical basis to the HEF and by extension therapeutic touch:

Reaction
Publication of <mask>'s experiment in JAMA was an international media sensation. In an article in The New York Times, <mask> was likened to the child in the short tale "The Emperor's New Clothes". The article noted that <mask>'s parents and helpers on the project were <mask>, a registered nurse who had been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade, and Larry Sarner, chairman of the National Therapeutic Touch Study Group, an anti-TT organization.

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title: Emily Rosa

texts:
 Scientific American Frontiers (three programs); Discovery Channel (two programs); ABC radio; and NPR "All Things Considered". Keynoted the 1998 Ig Nobel Ceremonies at Harvard, and accepted the Award in Science Education for an absent Dolores Krieger, who "could not or would not attend" herself. Krieger, a nursing professor and co-inventor of Therapeutic Touch, was cited "for demonstrating the merits of therapeutic touch, a method by which nurses manipulate the energy fields of ailing patients by carefully avoiding physical contact with those patients." In her keynote, <mask> expressed her gratitude that Dr. Krieger had, for two decades, left basic research in TT for her to do.The next day, <mask> delivered an "Ig Nobel" Address at MIT. Stossel, John (October 6, 1998). "The Power of Belief". ABC News. "New Age Medicine". Penn & Teller: Bullshit! 2008.Publications
  <mask>, <mask>, L Sarner, S Barrett, "A Close Look at Therapeutic Touch". Journal of the American Medical Association, April 1, 1998; 279(13):1005–1010. "TT and Me," by <mask>, Jr. Skeptic, 1998; 6(2):97–99. "A Different Way to Heal?". Science Hotline: Scientists Answer Your Questions, with <mask>, Scientific American Frontiers, PBS, June 4, 2002. "How to Make an Alien Autopsy Cake," by <mask> and <mask>, Jr.Skeptic, 1999; 7(3):105. "Growing Up Godless: How I Survived Amateur Secular Parenting" by <mask>, in Parenting Beyond Belief: On Raising Ethical, Caring Kids Without Religion, Dale McGowan, ed., AMACOM, 2007. . (Other contributors included Richard Dawkins, Julia Sweeney, and Penn Jillette.) References

External links
"The 9th First Annual Ig Nobel Prize Ceremony "

Living people
1987 births
American skeptics
University of Colorado Denver alumni
People from Loveland, Colorado
American

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title: Toshisada Nishida

texts:
<mask> (3 March, 1941 – 7 June, 2011) was a Japanese primatologist who established one of the first long term chimpanzee field research sites. He was the first to discover that chimpanzees, instead of forming nuclear family-like arrangements, live a communal life with territorial boundaries. His discoveries of the medicinal use of plants by wild chimpanzees helped form the basis of the field of zoopharmacognosy. <mask> was a full professor of Zoology at Kyoto University, the President of the Primate Society of Japan, the President of the International Primatological Society, and the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Primates. In 2008, he was a recipient of the Leakey Prize for his accomplishments in human evolutionary science. Scientific career

Early career
As a graduate student, <mask> studied primatology at Kyoto University under Junichiro Itani, a successor of Japanese primatologist Kinji Imanishi. Nishida studied Japanese macaques with Imanishi from 1963-1965 before travelling to Tanzania to study chimpanzees.Chimpanzee research
Despite being more genetically distant from humans than chimpanzees, in the 1960s baboons were considered the best model of human evolution as they had descended from the trees to become savanna-dwellers like early humans did. However, baboons did not possess many of the characteristics deemed important for human evolution, such as tool technology, cooperative hunting, food sharing, territoriality, cultural traditions, and certain cognitive capacities, such as planning and theory-of-mind. Chimpanzees, however, show all characteristics. Early primatologists had observed chimpanzees traveling through trees, eating fruits at their leisure, but rarely noted anything of interest in their behaviour. In the 1960s, there were only two field sites studying chimpanzee behaviour: one led by Jane Goodall in the Gombe Stream, and another located in the foothills of the Mahale

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title: Toshisada Nishida

texts:
 Mountains at Lake Tanganyika, which was staffed by Japanese scientists and led by <mask>. <mask>'s team planted sugarcane to attract the chimpanzees, who began to consistently visit the site after only six months. Based on his field observations, <mask> defended his dissertation at Kyoto University in 1968.Discoveries regarding chimpanzees

During <mask>'s first visit to Mahale, he observed chimpanzees living in communities with territorial boundaries, noting the existence of hostility between neighbouring groups. As chimpanzees are often encountered alone or in small groups in the forest, and due to the difficulty of determining community relations between chimpanzees, this challenged the existing scientific belief that chimpanzees lived in nuclear family-like groups. At the Mahale site, scientists followed Kinji Imanishi's methods to identify and name individual chimpanzees, following them over a long period of time in order to understand relationships within the community. The Mahale scientists habituated themselves to the chimpanzees through food provisioning: first with sugar cane, and later with bananas. <mask> developed a "mobile provisioning" technique in which a random site was chosen to distribute food, then scientists would announce their presence by imitating the chimpanzees' hooting calls, allowing the apes to approach and obtain food. As the scientists never used a fixed feeding site, the chimpanzees normal roaming patterns remained intact. Since the 1960s, the Mahale field site has been important to chimpanzee research.There, scientists have learned that chimpanzees medicate themselves with plants, that they have complex tool skills that differ from group to group, they hunt and eat meat, they raid neighbouring territories, and that males engage in power politics while competing over status and females. In 1982, at the same time that Frans de Waal wrote Chimpanzee Politics on

masks: Nishida Nishida Nishida Nishida Nishida


title: Toshisada Nishida

texts:
 apes in captivity, <mask> and his students were documenting very similar power struggles among wild chimpanzees, including one by a male named Kalunde. Kalunde played a game that Nishida called "allegiance-fickleness", which allows elderly males to maintain a key position in the group by regularly switching sides in alliances with younger males. Cultural differences in chimpanzees
<mask> collaborated frequently with Western scientists. In 1975, he invited William McGrew and Caroline Tutin, primatologists familiar with the chimpanzees at Gombe National Park, to Mahale. They had no reason to expect major behavioural differences in the same subspecies of chimpanzee with the same ecology; however, McGrew and Tutin observed the Mahale chimpanzees frequently engaging in handclasp grooming, a behavior that had not been observed in the Gombe chimpanzees. Based on their visit, McGrew and Tutin were the first to seriously question the assumption of "typical" chimpanzee behaviour, an important step towards culture studies on the great apes.Zoopharcognosy
While at the Mahale site in the early 1970s, Nishida observed wild chimpanzees consuming Aspilia leaves, which have no nutritional value and are not digested. He noticed the chimpanzees consuming them very slowly in the morning, swallowing the leaves without chewing. <mask>, along with primatologist Richard Wrangham, published their observations of the potentially medicinal use of plants by wild chimpanzees in 1971. De Waal believes that this paper, along with later studies conducted on self-medication among animals, became the foundations of the field of zoopharmacognosy, or the study of self-medication by animals through the ingestion of plants, insects, or soils. Published works
<mask> was listed as the first author or editor on 17 books and volumes, two of which were in English. His body of work, which featured some of the first papers published

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title: Toshisada Nishida

texts:
 in English by Japanese primatologists, often featured great attention to detail, resulting in comprehensive catalogues of behaviour patterns. His final book, Chimpanzees of the Lakeshore, was published posthumously in 2012 by Cambridge University Press.Conservation work
<mask> was a patron of the United Nations Environment Programme's Great Ape Survival project, and worked with UNESCO in an attempt to establish the great apes as a "World Heritage Species". In 1985, he successfully lobbied the Tanzanian government to protect the Mahale Mountains, forming the Mahale Mountains National Park. In 1994, he founded the Mahale Wildlife Conservation Society. Recognition
In 2008, <mask> <mask> and primatologist Jane Goodall were made co-recipients of Leakey Prize, which recognizes accomplishments in human evolutionary science. That year, <mask> also received the International Primatological Society lifetime achievement award. Retirement and death
In March 2004, <mask> retired from Kyoto University. De Waal, who attended his lectures often, stated that they were "riveting, especially given the historical details of how our knowledge has grown over the years and the critical role Japanese scientists have played in modern primatology".After his retirement, <mask> stayed focused on primatology and chimpanzee conservation. In 2004, he became Director of the Japan Monkey Centre, serving as Editor-in-Chief of its journal, Primates, until his death. He made his last field trip to Mahale in the summer of 2009. In 2011, <mask> asked two of his colleagues to ensure the Mahale project would continue for at least another century. <mask> died from cancer later that year, in June 2011. Notes

References

Attribution

External links
 Mahale Wildlife Conservation Society
Mahale Mountains National Park

Primatologists
Japanese mammalogists
Kyoto University faculty
Japanese conservationists
1941 births
2011

masks: Nishida Toshisada Nishida Nishida Nishida Nishida Nishida Nishida


title: Gillian Rose

texts:
<mask> (née Stone; 20 September 1947 –  9 December 1995) was a British philosopher and non-fiction writer. At the time of her death, <mask> held the chair of social and political thought at the University of Warwick. <mask> began her teaching career at the University of Sussex. She worked in the fields of philosophy and sociology. Notable facets of her work include criticism of neo-Kantianism, post-modernism, and political theology along with what has been described as "a forceful defence of Hegel's speculative thought." Early life
<mask> was born in London into a non-practising Jewish family. Shortly after her parents divorced, when <mask> was still quite young, her mother married another man, her stepfather, with whom <mask> became close as she drifted from her biological father.These aspects of her family life figured in her late memoir Love's Work: A Reckoning with Life (1995). Also in her memoir, she writes that her "passion for philosophy" was bred at age 17 when she read Pascal's Pensées and Plato's Republic. <mask> attended Ealing Grammar School and went on to St Hilda's College, Oxford, where she read PPE. Taught philosophy by Jean Austin, widow of the philosopher J. L. Austin, she later described herself as bristling under the constraints of Oxford-style philosophy. She never forgot Austin remarking in class, "Remember, girls, all the philosophers you will read are much more intelligent than you are." In a late interview, <mask> commented of philosophers trained at Oxford, "It teaches them to be clever, destructive, supercilious and ignorant. It doesn't

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title: Gillian Rose

texts: teach you what's important.It doesn't feed the soul." She graduated with upper second-class honours. Before beginning her DPhil at St. Antony's College, Oxford, she studied at Columbia University and the Free University, Berlin. <mask>'s career began with a dissertation on Theodor W. Adorno, supervised by the Polish philosopher Leszek Kołakowski, who wryly spoke to her of Adorno as a third-rate thinker. This dissertation eventually became the basis for her first book, The Melancholy Science: An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno (1978). She became well known partly through her critiques of postmodernism and post-structuralism. In Dialectic of Nihilism (1984), for instance, she leveled criticisms at Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida.Later, in her essay "Of Derrida's Spirit" in Judaism and Modernity (1993), <mask> critiqued Derrida's Of Spirit (1987), arguing that his analysis of Heidegger's relation to Nazism relied in key instances on serious misreadings of Hegel, which allowed both Heidegger and Derrida to evade the importance of political history and modern law. In an extended "Note" to the essay, <mask> raised similar objections to Derrida's subsequent readings of Hermann Cohen and Walter Benjamin, singling out his notion of the "mystical foundation of authority" as centrally problematic. Her first academic appointment was as a lecturer in sociology in 1974 at the School of European Studies (the University of Sussex). In 1989, <mask> left Sussex for the University of Warwick when a colleague was unexpectedly promoted over her.

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title: Gillian Rose

texts: Inquiring about the promotion with economist Donald Winch, the then pro-vice-chancellor, he told her that her future at the institution was not bright: "He said to me that I was working in a contextual manner and that the future belonged to those whose work was acceptable to the Government, to industry and to the public." Her chair at Warwick in Social and Political Thought was created for her and she was encouraged to bring her funded PhD students with her. She held her position at Warwick until her death in 1995.As part of her thinking into the Holocaust, <mask> was engaged by the Polish Commission for the Future of Auschwitz in 1990, a delegation which included theologian Richard L. Rubenstein and literary critic David G. Roskies, among others. She wrote about her experience of this commission in her memoir Love's Work and in Mourning Becomes the Law and Paradiso. One of her colleagues on the commission, Marc H. Ellis, has written about <mask>'s experience as well: At a crucial moment in our deliberations on the historical knowledge of the Polish guides, <mask> spoke, out of turn and off the subject, of the nearness of God. This was a violation of etiquette, and worse. <mask> was suggesting that the anger of these delegates, for the most part Holocaust scholars and rabbis, was a retrospective one that, paradoxically sought the Holocaust past as a safe haven from inquiries of the present conduct of the Jewish people. <mask>'s memoir, Love's Work, detailing her background, maturation as a philosopher, and years-long battle with ovarian cancer, was a bestseller

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title: Gillian Rose

texts:
 when it was published in 1995. "She has, hitherto, been a respected, weighty, but lone voice among a specialised readership," wrote Elaine Williams at the time, "[but] she has, since her illness, been driven to write philosophy which has created ripples of excitement among a wider critical audience."Marina Warner, writing for the London Review of Books, said "[Love's Work] provokes, inspires and illuminates more profoundly than many a bulky volume, and confronts the great subjects...and it delivers what its title promises, a new allegory about love." In a review in The New York Times, upon the publication of the U.S. edition of the book, Daniel Mendelsohn wrote, "'Love's Work' is a raw but always artfully wrought confrontation with the 'deeper levels of the terrors of the soul'" Love's Work was re-published by NYRB Books in 2011, in the NYRB Classics series, with an introduction by friend and literary critic Michael Wood and including a poem by Geoffrey Hill, which he had dedicated to her. In a review of the re-publication, in The Guardian, Nicholas Lezard commented, "I struggle to think of a finer, more rewarding short autobiography than this." Death
<mask> was diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 1993. She died in Coventry at the age of 48. She made a deathbed conversion to Christianity through the Anglican Church. (Andrew Shanks notes that "there is evidence, among the papers left behind from her final illness, that at one point [<mask>] seriously considered the alternative of Roman Catholicism.")She left to the library of Warwick University parts of her own

masks: Rose Rose


title: Gillian Rose

texts:
 personal library, including a collection of essential works on the History of Christianity and Theology, which are marked "From the Library of Professor <mask>, 1995" on the inside cover. <mask> is survived by her parents, her sister, the academic and writer <mask>, her half sisters, <mask> and Diana Stone, and her half brother, Anthony Stone. <mask>'s papers are held by Warwick University Library in the Modern Records Centre. Philosophy

Dialectic of Nihilism (1984)
<mask>'s third book, Dialectic of Nihilism, is a reading of post-structuralism through the lens of law. Specifically, she attempts to read a number of thinkers preceding and constituting post-structuralist philosophy against Kant's "defense of the 'usurpatory concept' of freedom", that is, his answer to the question of "How [Reason] is to justify its possession" of freedom "through pure reason, systematically arranged." <mask>'s primary foci are Martin Heidegger, to whom she devotes three chapters, and Gilles Deleuze, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida, to whom she devotes one chapter apiece. In addition, however, she scrutinises a few of the neo-Kantians (Emil Lask, Rudolf Stammler, and Hermann Cohen), Henri Bergson, and Ferdinand de Saussure and Claude Lévi-Strauss.Her central argument is that with the post-structuralists a "newly insinuated law [is] dissembled as a nihilistic break with knowledge and law, with tradition in general." Describing this situation in the case of Foucault, <mask> writes, "like all nihilist programmes, this one insinuates a new law disguised as beyond politics."

masks:
Gillian Rose
Rose
Jacqueline Rose
Alison Rose
Archives Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose


title: Gillian Rose

texts: Concomitantly, <mask> contends that similar fates befall the neo-Kantians and other thinkers who try to transcend or ignore the problems of law. According to <mask>, the neo-Kantians seek to resolve the Kantian antinomy of law "by drawing an 'original' category out of the Critique of Pure Reason, be it 'mathesis', 'time', or 'power'", yet remain unable to do so because "[t]his mode of resolution ... depends on changing the old sticking point of the unknown categorical imperative into a new vanishing point, where it remains equally categorical and imperative, unknowable but forceful"; while other thinkers—including Lévi-Strauss and Henri Bergson—"fall into the familiar transcendental problem" wherein the "ambiguity in the relation between the conditioned and the precondition is exploited." The philosopher Howard Caygill—also <mask>'s literary executor—has taken issue with her readings of Deleuze and Derrida in Dialectic of Nihilism, going so far as to call some of them "frankly tendentious". In a more critical review of the book, Roy Boyne, too, argues that <mask> failed to do justice to these figures. "She operates on the highest plane of abstraction", Boyne writes, "for it is only at that level that the polemic makes any sense.Were she to drop down a level or so, she would see that the position she is so concerned to defend is not under attack from the quarters to which she addresses herself." However, Caygill insists that "Whatever the shortcomings of the readings in Dialectic of Nihilism and the unfortunate and unnecessary borders it raised between <mask>'s


title: Gillian Rose

texts:
 thought and that of many of her contemporaries, it did mark a further stage in her retrieval of speculative thought." Scott Lash has asserted that the "real weakness of Dialectic of Nihilism is its propensity toward academic point-scoring", the result of which, according to Lash, is <mask>'s "devoting some half of its length attempting to discredit the analysts under consideration with their own assumptions, rather than straightforwardly confronting them with her own juridical prescriptions." Yet Lash considers her chapters on Derrida and Foucault to be partial remedies to this issue. Influence and legacy
Already in 1995, Rowan Williams commented, "<mask>'s work has had far less discussion than it merits." In the decades following Williams' statement others have reiterated the sentiment. Indeed, scholar of religion Vincent Lloyd comments: Everywhere I went I kept encountering professors who loved <mask>'s work, who thought she was brilliant and right, but who had for one reason or another never mentioned her name in print.There were Jeffrey Stout and Cornel West at Princeton, both of whom taught <mask>'s books, Paul Mendes-Flohr at Chicago who knew her well, and Judith Butler and Daniel Boyarin at Berkeley. Nevertheless, <mask>'s work has made more explicit inroads among a number of important thinkers, not the least of them Williams, whose revaluation of Hegel in the 1990s has been attributed to <mask>'s influence. On the philosophy of Hegel, in a text of 1991, Slavoj Žižek writes, "one has to grasp the fundamental paradox of the speculative identity as it was

masks:
Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose


title: Gillian Rose

texts: recently identified by <mask>." Žižek here refers to <mask>'s second book Hegel contra Sociology (1981); subsequently, his Hegelianism was dubbed "speculative" by Marcus Pound. In turn, Howard Caygill observes of Hegel contra Sociology: "This work revolutionized the study of Hegel, providing a comprehensive account of his speculative philosophy that overcame the distinction between religious ('right Hegelian') and political ('left Hegelian') interpretations that had prevailed since the death of the philosopher in 1832." And the work  is still cited in Hegel scholarship. Two of <mask>'s students, Paul Gilroy and David Marriott, have emerged as key thinkers of critical race theory and have acknowledged her influence.When John Milbank published Theology and Social Theory in 1990, he cited <mask> as one of the thinkers without whom "the present book would not have been conceivable." Marcus Pound recently found that "<mask> was the Blackwell reader for Milbank's Theology and Social Theory. The <mask> archives at Warwick include the letters Milbank and <mask> exchanged on the subject. In particular she pushed him to clarify the nature of the subject which underpinned Theology and Social Theory. In response Milbank wrote 'The Sublime in Kierkegaard'." Two special issues on <mask> have appeared from scholarly journals. The first, "The Work of <mask>," appeared in 1998 in volume 9, issue 1 of the journal Women: A Cultural Review.It contained contributions from students and friends, including Laura Marcus, Howard Caygill, and Nigel Tubbs, as well as an edited transcription

masks:
Gillian Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose


title: Gillian Rose

texts:
 of "two W. H. Smith exercise books containing the notes and observations that [<mask>] had been writing...until shortly before her death" in hospital. An essay by literary critic Isobel Armstrong, which appeared alongside but not as a part of the special issue, turns on <mask>'s concept of "the broken middle" and presents a careful and appreciative reading of her work. In 2015 the journal Telos released a special issue on <mask>, gathering responses and critiques to her work from Rowan Williams, John Milbank, Peter Osborne, and Tubbs. In 2019, The Centre for Research in Modern European Philosophy at Kingston University, London established an annual <mask> Memorial Lecture. The inaugural speaker was professor of philosophy and comparative literature Rebecca Comay. Works

Dissertation
"Reification as a Sociological Category: Theodor W. Adorno's Concept of Reification and the Possibility of a Critical Theory of Society," University of Oxford (1976)

Books
The Melancholy Science: An Introduction to the Thought of Theodor W. Adorno (1978)
Hegel contra Sociology (1981)
Dialectic Of Nihilism: Post-Structuralism and Law (1984)
The Broken Middle: Out of Our Ancient Society (1992)
Judaism and Modernity: Philosophical Essays (1993)
Love's Work: A Reckoning With Life (1995)
Mourning Becomes the Law: Philosophy and Representation (1996)
Paradiso (1999)

Essays, articles and reviews
"How Is Critical Theory Possible? Theodor W. Adorno and Concept Formation in Sociology," Political Studies 24.1 (March 1976), 69–85.Review of Theodor W. Adorno, Negative Dialectics, in The American

masks:
Rose
Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose


title: Gillian Rose

texts:
 Political Science Review 7.2 (June 1976), 598–9. Review of Susan Buck-Morss, The Origin of Negative Dialectics and Zolton Tar, The Frankfurt School, in History and Theory 18.1 (February 1979), 126–135. Review of Thomas McCarthy, The Critical Theory of Jürgen Habermas, in British Journal of Sociology 31.1 (March 1980), 110–1. "A ghost in his own machine", review of Points...: Interviews, 1974–1994 and Spectres of Marx by Jacques Derrida. The Times 27 July 1995. "The Final Notebooks of <mask>", Women: A Cultural Review 9:1 (1998), 6–18, edited by Howard Caygill. "Beginnings of the Day: Fascism and Representation", paper in Modernism, Culture and 'the Jew'  (1998) [the book is dedicated to <mask>]

Unpublished writings
"Italian Journey" (uploaded to www.gillianrose.org)
"Your Visit to Auschwitz" (uploaded to www.gillianrose.org)

Notes

Further reading
 Avrahami, Einat, "Illness as Life Affair in <mask>'s Love's Work", chap.1 of The Invading Body: Reading Illness Autobiographies (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2007). Bernstein, Jay, "Philosophy Among the Ruins", Prospect 6 (1996), 27–30. Brower Latz, Andrew, The Social Philosophy of <mask> (Eugene, Ore.: Cascade Books, 2018). Caygill, Howard, "The Broken Hegel: <mask>'s retrieval of speculative philosophy", Women: A Cultural Review 9.1 (1998), 19–27. Davis, Joshua B., ed. Misrecognitions: <mask> and the Task of Political Theology (Eugene, Ore.: Cascade Books, 2018). Jarvis, Simon, "Idle Tears: A Response to <mask>" in Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit: A Reappraisal (edited by Gary K. Browning,

masks:
Gillian Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose


title: Gillian Rose

texts:
 Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1997), 113–9.Kavka, Martin, "Saying Kaddish for <mask>, or on Levinas and Geltungsphilosophie" in Secular Theology: American Radical Theological Thought (edited by Clayton Crockett, London and New York: Routledge, 2001), 104–129. Lloyd, Vincent, Law and Transcendence: On the Unfinished Project of <mask> (Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008). Lloyd, Vincent, "The Race of the Soul: On <mask>" in Religion of the Field Negro: On Black Secularism and Black Theology. (New York: Fordham University Press, 2018), 216–32. Lloyd, Vincent, "On the Use of <mask>", The Heythrop Journal 48.5 (2007), 697–706. <mask>, Jacqueline "On <mask>" in The Last Resistance (London: Verso, 2007). Schick, Kate, <mask>: A Good Enough Justice (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University, 2012).Shanks, Andrew, Against Innocence: <mask>'s Reception and Gift of Faith (London, SCM Press, 2008). Tubbs, Nigel, Contradiction of Enlightenment: Hegel and the Broken Middle (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997). Williams, Rowan D. "Between Politics and Metaphysics: Reflections in the Wake of <mask>", Modern Theology 11.1 (1995), 3–22. External links
Catalogue of <mask>'s papers, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
"Obituary from ''Radical Philosophy" by Howard Caygill
"Mind the Gap: The Philosophy of <mask>" by Nigel Tubbs
Sermon by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Christmas Day 1996
Harrison Fluss, "The Spiritual Animal Kingdom: On <mask> Hegelian Critique of Bourgeois Society" 2011

1947 births
1995 deaths
20th-century British non-fiction writers
20th-century British philosophers
Alumni of

masks:
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Rose
Rose
Gillian Rose
Gillian Roses


title: Klaus Bruengel

texts:
<mask> (born in October 1949 in Holzwickede) is a German Composer and bass player. Noteworthy are his 46 musical representations of the characters and places in Homer's epic Odyssey, summarized in the Odyssey Suite 2014 he composed the Ballet Suite "In Monets Garden"

Life
Bruengel studied music at the Hochschule für Musik Detmold and educational science at the University of Münster. He made a name for himself as composer, bassist and music-arranger with the "Kurt Weil Orchestra" in Sweden and Switzerland, and also as a member of the jazz rock band Time in Space. There followed a number of years as session musician and musical arranger at the WDR (German radio/TV station). He collaborated with Schauspielhaus Bochum, there he played in Saint Joan of the Stockyards by Bertolt Brecht, The Cherry Orchard by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, The Bat by Johann Strauss II, Bruengel also worked as a bassist with artists like Markus Stockhausen, Herbert Grönemeyer, Jon Eardley and Jimmy Smith. He composed the Musical "Meeresleuchten". His Pseudonym is Nicola de Brun.2002 he had his own Orchestra and played for the Unicef with Kevin Tarte and Afsaneh Sadeghi. 2), EAN 4250928388919, 2016
 Woodwinds Nocturne


title: Paul Dessau

texts:
<mask> (19 December 189428 June 1979) was a German composer and conductor. He collaborated with Bertolt Brecht and composed incidental music for his plays, and several operas based on them. Biography

<mask> was born in Hamburg into a musical family. His grandfather, <mask>, was a cantor in the Hamburg synagogue. From 1909, Dessau majored in violin, studying with Florian Zajic at the Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory in Berlin. In 1912 he became répétiteur at the Stadttheater Hamburg, the municipal theatre. He studied the work of the conductors Felix Weingartner and Arthur Nikisch and took classes in composition from .He was second Kapellmeister at the Tivoli Theatre in Bremen in 1914 before being drafted for military service in 1915 . After World War I he became conductor at the Kammerspiele Hamburg, and was répétiteur and later Kapellmeister at the Cologne Opera under Otto Klemperer between 1919 and 1923. In 1923 he became Kapellmeister at the Staatstheater Mainz and from 1925 Principal Kapellmeister at the Städtische Oper Berlin under Bruno Walter. In 1933 Dessau emigrated to France, and 1939 moved further to the United States, where initially he lived in New York before moving to Hollywood in 1943 . Dessau returned to Germany with his second wife, the writer Elisabeth Hauptmann, and settled in East Berlin in 1948. Starting in 1952, he taught at the Staatliche Schauspielschule (State drama school) in Berlin-Oberschöneweide where he was appointed professor in 1959. He became a member of the GDR Akademie der Künste in 1952 and was vice-president of this institution between 1957 and 1962.He taught many

masks:
Paul Dessau
Dessau
Moses Berend Dessau


title: Paul Dessau

texts:
 master classes, his students including Friedrich Goldmann, Reiner Bredemeyer, Jörg Herchet, , Friedrich Schenker, Luca Lombardi and Karl Ottomar Treibmann. Dessau was married four times: Gudrun Kabisch (1924), with whom he had two children, Elisabeth Hauptmann (1948),  (1952), and choreographer and director Ruth Berghaus (1954), with whom he had a son, <mask> (b. 1954) who became a film director. Dessau died on 28 June 1979 at the age of 84, in Königs Wusterhausen, on the outskirts of Berlin. Works
Dessau composed operas, scenic plays, incidental music, ballets, symphonies and other works for orchestra, and pieces for solo instruments as well as vocal music. From the 1920s on, he was fascinated by film music. He composed music for early movies of Walt Disney, as well as background music for silent pictures and early German films.While in exile in Paris he wrote the oratorio Hagadah shel Pessach after a libretto by Max Brod. In the 1950s in collaboration with Bertolt Brecht he focused on the musical theatre. During that time several of his operas were produced. He also wrote Gebrauchsmusik (utility music) for the propaganda of the German Democratic Republic. At the same time he lobbied for the musical avant-garde (e.g. Witold Lutosławski, Alfred Schnittke, Boris Blacher, Hans Werner Henze and Luigi Nono). His compositions were published by Schott.The Akademie holds many of his works in its archives. Operas
All operas by Dessau were premiered at the Staatsoper Berlin. Clownspiel (clown play)  1949
 Der Hofmeister 1950
 Herrnburger Bericht for youth choir, soloists and orchestra 1951
 Mann ist Mann 1951–1956


title: Paul Dessau

texts:
 Urfaust 1952–1953
 Don Juan 1953
 Der kaukasische Kreidekreis 1953–1954
 Coriolan 1964

Film music
 Alice the Fire Fighter (Alice und ihre Feuerwehr) (21.8.1928), Alice's Monkey Business (Alice und die Flöhe) (25.9.1928), Alice in the Wooly West (Alice und die Wildwest-Banditen) (18.10.1928) and Alice Helps the Romance (Alice und der Selbstmörder) (31.1.1929) by Walt Disney
 L'Horloge Magique. 2. La Forêt enchanté (Der verzauberte Wald) (7 September 1928) and L'Horloge Magique. 1. L'Horloge Magique (Die Wunderuhr) (12 November 1928) by Ladislas Starewitch
 Doktor Doolittle und seine Tiere (15 December 1928) by Lotte Reiniger with arrangements of music by Kurt Weill, <mask> and a private composition
 Musical director in musical and operetta films together with Richard Tauber (among others The Land of Smiles, Melody of Love).with melodies by Franz Lehár and Bronislaw Kaper
 400 cm^3 documentary
 Storm over Mont Blanc, The White Ecstasy and S.O.S. Eisberg by Arnold Fanck
 White Cargo (by Robert Siodmak), Yoshiwara (by Max Ophüls), The Novel of Werther (by Ophüls)
 Crossroads (1938)
 Gibraltar (1938)

Works for choir
 Deutsches Miserere for mixed choir, children's choir, soprano, alto, tenor and bass soloists, large orchestra, organ and trautonium 1943–1944
 Internationale Kriegsfibel for soloists, mixed choir and instruments 1944–45
 Die Erziehung der Hirse, musical epic for one narrator, one solo voice, mixed choir, youth choir and large orchestra 1952–1954
 Vier Grabschriften. 3 with concluding chorus "Grabschrift für Lenin" 1969
 Für Helli, small piece for piano 1971
 Bagatelles for viola and piano (1975)


title: Paul Dessau

texts:
 Sonatine for viola and piano (1929)
 2 symphonies
 7 string quartets and others

Awards
 Award of the music publisher Schott 1924
 National Prize III. Category 1953
 National Prize II. Category 1956
 National Prize I. Category 1965
 Vaterländischer Verdienstorden (Decoration of Honour for Services to the GDR) in Gold 1965
 Karl-Marx-Orden (Karl-Marx–Decoration) 1969
 National Prize I. Category 1974

 Sources
 Dessau, <mask>.Notizen zu Noten, ed. Fritz Henneberg (Reclam, Leipzig 1974). Dessau, <mask>. Aus Gesprächen (VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1974). Henneberg, Fritz. Dessau – Brecht. Musikalische Arbeiten.(Henschel, Berlin 1963). Hennenberg, Fritz. <mask>. Eine Biographie. (VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, Leipzig 1965). Lucchesi, Joachim (ed.). Das Verhör in der Oper: Die Debatte um die Aufführung "Das Verhör des Lukullus" von Bertolt Brecht und <mask>u'' (BasisDruck, Berlin 1993).References

Cited sources

External links

 <mask> (Composer) Bach Cantatas Website
 <mask> – Komponist / Biografie (in German) cinegraph.de

1894 births
1979 deaths
German male classical composers
German opera composers
Male opera composers
German film score composers
Male film score composers
20th-century classical composers
Jewish classical composers
Jewish classical musicians
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
Musicians from Hamburg
German military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit
Recipients of the National Prize of East Germany
20th-century German composers
Klindworth-Scharwenka Conservatory alumni
20th-century German male musicians
East German

masks:
Paul
Paul
Paul Dessau
Paul Dessa
Paul Dessau
Paul Dessau


title: Luigi Ricci (composer)

texts:
<mask> (8 July 1805 – 31 December 1859), was an Italian composer, particularly of operas. He was the elder brother of <mask>, with whom he collaborated on several works. He was also a conductor. Life
<mask> was born and educated in Naples, where he wrote his first opera at the conservatory in 1823. His triumphs in 1831 at La Scala with Chiara di Rosembergh and in 1834 with Un'avventura di Scaramuccia made him famous throughout Europe, and in 1835 he and his younger brother Federico collaborated in the first of the four operas they wrote together. In 1837 <mask> ran into financial problems, brought about mainly by his extravagant life-style. He was forced to accept a job at Trieste, and he composed no operas for seven years.Then, however, he fell in love, at the same time, with both Francesca and Ludmila, the 17-year-old identical twin sisters of the singer Teresa Stolz, also singers, and this inspired him to create (in 1845) an opera for them both to sing in, at Odessa. Back in Trieste he married Ludmila (without, however, letting go of the other). He then composed three more operas on his own, which were well received, although his greatest success of these years was actually Crispino e la comare, his last collaboration with his brother, of which he wrote the greater part. Comedy was <mask>'s strong suit, and though not quite reaching the level of Donizetti (whom he himself greatly admired), Crispino is generally considered one of the best Italian comic operas of the period. 'The Brewer of Preston', however, is treated irreverently by Andrea Camilleri in the novel

masks:
Luigi Ricci
Federico Ricci
Ricci
Ricci
Ricci


title: Luigi Ricci (composer)

texts:
 of the same name. His conducting credits include the world premiere of Verdi's Il corsaro. In 1859, shortly after the production of his last opera, <mask> succumbed to mental illness, and he ended his life in a hospital in Prague.His daughter Lella <mask> (with Ludmila, 1850–71) was an opera singer, and his son <mask>-Stolz (with Francesca, 1852–1906) was a composer, too. <mask>'s operas and their librettists

 L'impresario in angustie (G. M. Diodati), farsa – Naples, Conservatorio, 1823
 La cena frastornata (Andrea Leone Tottola) – Naples, Teatro Nuovo, Autumn 1824
 L'abbate Taccarella, ovvero Aladino (also produced as La gabbia de' matti, Poeta Taccarella, etc.) ), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol. Three, pp. 1310–1311. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
Budden, Julian (1998), "<mask>, Federico", in Stanley Sadie (ed. ), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Vol.Three, pp. 1309–1310. London: Macmillan Publishers, Inc.
Rose, Michael (2001), "Ricci, <mask>", in Holden, Amanda (ed. ), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, p. 745. Rose, Michael (2001), "Ricci, Federico", in Holden, Amanda (ed. ), The New Penguin Opera Guide, New York: Penguin Putnam, p. 744. External links

 Short biography of <mask> brothers

1805 births
1859 deaths
Italian opera composers
Male opera composers
Italian classical composers
Italian male classical composers
Italian Romantic composers
Italian conductors (music)
Italian male conductors (music)
Musicians from Naples
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male conductors (music)
19th-century conductors

masks:
Ricci
Ricci
Luigi Ricci
Ricci
Ricci
Luigi
Ricci


title: Gustave Foëx

texts:
<mask> (<mask>, born in Marseille in 1844 - died in 1906) was a French ampelographer and a colleague of Pierre Viala. <mask> who was Director of the National School of Agriculture of Montpellier (French: École nationale d’agriculture de Montpellier, now known as Supagro) from 1881 to 1897 was a professor of viticulture here from 1870 to 1896 and he created the school vineyard in 1876 to test the American vine-stock's resistance to phylloxera). At the end of the 19th century, Montpellier was recognized to be THE European centre for studying vines, attracting both eminent researchers and viticulture specialists to the school. / Montpellier : Coulet, 1884
 Ampélographie américaine : Description des variétés les plus intéressantes de vignes américaines, avec une introduction à l'étude de la vigne américaine par M. Gustave Foëx,... M. Pierre Viala,... / 2ème édition / Montpellier : aux bureaux du "Progrès agricole et viticole , (1885)
 Catalogue des ampélidées cultivées à l'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier (1884) par G. Foex Directeur et professeur de viticulture. / Montpellier : Typographie et lithographie Bohem et fils , 1885
 Le Mildiou ou Peronospora de la vigne. Montpellier, Coulet ; Paris, Delahaye, 1885. (with Pierre Viala).Cours complet de viticulture 44. 1886
 Les vignes américaines et les maladies de la vigne : conférences par M. <mask> Foex / Genève : Athénée , 1887
 Manuel pratique de viticulture pour

masks:
Gustave Foëx
Gustave Louis Émile Foëx
Gustave Foex
Gustave


title: Gustave Foëx

texts:
 la reconstitution des vignobles méridionaux : vignes américaines, submersion, plantation dans les sables par Gustave Foex / 4e éd. revue et considérablement augm / Montpellier : C. Coulet , 1887
 Création de pépinières départementales : Rapport sur la reconstitution par les cépages américains des vignes phylloxérées, et instructions relatives au traitement du mildiou par M. Foëx.... ; Département du Doubs. / Besançon : impr. de Millot frères , 1888
 Cours complet de viticulture par M. <mask> Foëx,... / 2e éd. revue et considérablement augmentée / Montpellier : Camille Coulet , 1888
 Le "Rot" blanc ou "Coniothyrium diplodiella par G. Foëx,... et L. Ravaz / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1888
 Rapport sur le plâtrage des vins par G. Foëx / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1888
 Catalogue des ampélidées cultivées à l'Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Montpellier (1889) par G. Foex,... / Montpellier : Typographie et lithographie Charles Boehm, 1889
 Carnet de notes ampélographiques, destiné aux élèves de l'école nouvelle d'agriculture de Montpellier par M. G. Foëx, directeur et professeur de viticulture. / Montpellier : Impr.Serre et Ricome, 1890
 Manuel pratique de viticulture pour la reconstitution des vignobles méridionaux : vignes américaines, submersion, plantation dans les sables par Gustave Foëx,... / 5e éd. revue et considérablement augmentée / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1891
 Cours complet de viticulture par G. Foëx,.. / 3e édition,


title: Gustave Foëx

texts:
 revue et considérablement augmentée avec 6 cartes en chromo hors texte et 575 gravures dans le texte / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1891
 Cours complet de viticulture par M. G. Foëx,... / 4e éd., revue et considérablement augmentée... / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1895
 Comment devons-nous reconstituer nos vignobles ? : Les vignobles nouveaux, emploi des vignes Américaines par M. Gustave Foëx ... / Deuxième édition / Paris : E. Brocheriouxt, 1899
 Manuel pratique de viticulture pour la reconstitution des vignobles méridionaux : Vignes américaines, submersion, plantation dans les sables par M. Gustave Foëx ... / 6ème édition, / Montpellier : C. Coulet, 1899
 Historique de la crise phylloxérique en France : exposition universelle de 1900 : congrès international de viticulture, 13-17 juin 1900, Paris par G. Foex,... / Paris : Société anonyme de publications périodiques, 1900
 La vinificación moderna : ¿Cómo debemos debemos hacer nuestro vino? por Gustave Foëx / Santiago de Chile : Impr. moderna, 1900
 Los viñedos nuevos : ¿Cómo debemos reconstituir nuestros viñedos? por Gustave Foëx / Santiago de Chile : Impr. moderna, 1900
 La vinificación moderna : ¿Cómo debemos hacer nuestro vine ?<mask> Foex ; Trad. al castellano y anot. en lo que se refieremás particularmente a Chile i Sud-América por Gaston Lavergne / Santiago de Chile : Impr. y lit. Franco-chilena, 1902-1903

References

External links

French botanists
1844 births
1906


title: Annibale Bugnini

texts:
<mask>  (14 June 1912 – 3 July 1982) was a Catholic prelate. Ordained in 1936 and named archbishop in 1972, he was secretary of the commission that worked on the reform of the Catholic liturgy that followed the Second Vatican Council. Critics and proponents of the changes made to the Roman Rite Mass and other liturgical practices before and after Vatican II consider him a dominant force in these efforts. He held several other posts in the Roman Curia and ended his career as papal nuncio to Iran, where he acted as an intermediary during the Iran hostage crisis of 1979 to 1981. Early life and ordination
<mask> was born in Civitella del Lago in Umbria. In 1928 he began his theological studies with the Congregation of the Mission and was ordained a priest on 26 July 1936. He completed his doctorate in sacred theology at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas Angelicum in 1938 with a dissertation entitled De liturgia eiusque momento in Concilio Tridentino.He spent ten years in parish work in a suburb of Rome. In 1947 Bugnini became involved in the production of the missionary publications of his order and became the first editor of Ephemerides Liturgicæ, a scholarly journal dedicated to the reform of the Catholic liturgy. Starting in 1949, he taught liturgical studies at the Pontifical Urban College (now the Pontifical Urban University). He later became a professor at the Pontifical Lateran University. Curial career
On 28 May 1948, Pope Pius XII appointed Bugnini secretary to the Commission for Liturgical Reform, which created a revised rite for the Easter Vigil in 1951 and revised ceremonies for the rest of Holy Week in 1955. The commission also made changes in 1955 to the rubrics of the Mass and office, suppressing many of the Church's octaves and a number of vigils, and abolishing the first vespers of most feasts. In 1960 the commission modified the Code of Rubrics, which led to new editions of the Roman Breviary in 1961 and of the Roman Missal in 1962.On 25 January 1959, Pope John XXIII announced his plan to convene the Second Vatican Council. On

masks:
Annibale Bugnini
Annibale Bugnini


title: Annibale Bugnini

texts:
 6 June 1960 Fr<mask> was named secretary of the Pontifical Preparatory Commission on the Liturgy. This body produced the first drafts of the document that, after many changes, would become the council's Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (1963). When the council convened in October 1962, the Preparatory Commission was succeeded by the Conciliar Commission on the Sacred Liturgy, on which <mask> was assigned the role of a peritus (expert). At the same time, <mask> was removed from the chair of Liturgy at the Pontifical Lateran University because, in the words of Piero Marini, "his liturgical ideas were seen as too progressive." In his posthumously published memoirs, Second Vatican Council consultant Louis Bouyer called Bugnini "a man as bereft of culture as he was of basic honesty."The council and Pope Paul VI approved the Constitution on the Liturgy on 4 December 1963. On 30 January 1964, the Pope appointed Bugnini secretary of the Council for the Implementation of the Constitution on the Liturgy. Bugnini was appointed the secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship by Pope Paul in May 1969. In January 1965, he had become an undersecretary in the Congregation of Rites responsible for causes for beatification and canonization. On 6 January 1972, Pope Paul named Bugnini Titular Archbishop of Diocletiana and consecrated him as bishop on the following 13 February. On 16 July 1975, Pope Paul announced the merger of two curial departments to form the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, ending <mask>'s career in the Roman Curia. His personal secretary was Piero Marini, who is now an archbishop and president of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses.Diplomatic service
On 4 January 1976, Pope Paul named Bugnini pro-nuncio to Iran. Bugnini studied the country, its history, and traditions. The results of his researches appeared in 1981 as La Chiesa in Iran (The Church in Iran). In 1979, Bugnini tried unsuccessfully to obtain, in the name of the pope, the release of the American hostages being held at

masks:
. Bugnini
Bugnini
Bugnini
Bugnini


title: Johanna Gertze

texts:
<mask> (née Kazahendike) (Otjimbingwe, 16 July 1836 – 3 July 1935, Otjimbingwe) was a Namibian Herero and Christian convert. Gertze worked in the household of Carl Hugo Hahn and his wife at Otjikango. She initially came to the school at the mission to learn sewing and soon became so proficient that she was teaching the art to others. She appears to have been fluent in English, Dutch, and German, and she assisted in translating a variety of materials into Herero. Between 1860 and 1862 Hahn published nine Herero publications in Germany, and there is evidence that Gertze assisted considerably in ensuring their success. She traveled with Hahn and his wife to Germany, participating in mission work as a convert and working on the books on Herero. In 1862 she came back to Cape Town, and in 1864 she returned to Otjikango.The following year, she married the Herero-German <mask>. He was a widowed father of eight; the couple had nine more children in the ensuing fifteen years, ending with Samuel's death in 1880. <mask> worked as a midwife and pharmacist for the remainder of her life. She was featured on a Namibian postage stamp in 1999. With the Hahn family
Uerita Kazahendike's mother was Herero and her father was Damara. By tribal custom, she was raised Herero. At 11 years old, she became the governess to the missionary Carl Hugo Hahn and his wife and children in Otjikango (later named Gross Barmen after the Rhenish Missionary Society's hometown).Hahn had founded the mission, west of Okahandja, on 31 October 1844. While looking after the Hahn children, she attended the mission school. In the service of the Kreft family
In 1853, the Rev. Hahn took home leave in Germany, and Uerita accompanied

masks:
Johanna Uerieta Gertze
Samuel Gertze
Johanna