title: Ezra Cohen-Watnick

texts:
 inadvertently identified reports suggesting that members of Trump's campaign team had been subjected to incidental surveillance by the United States intelligence community, as part of an unrelated review of privacy procedures. This information was passed on to Chairman of the House Intelligence Committee Devin Nunes by Assistant White House Counsel Michael Ellis.It has been reported that Cohen-Watnick has advocated using the American intelligence community to overthrow the current Iranian government. The White House announced Cohen-Watnick's dismissal on August 2, 2017, following policy disagreements with National Security Advisor H.R. McMaster over Afghanistan, Iran, and Intelligence Oversight. According to The Washington Post, Cohen-Watnick resigned following a power shift under McMaster. Upon Cohen-Watnick's departure, the White House commented that "General McMaster appreciates the good work accomplished in the NSC's Intelligence directorate under <mask>'s leadership... General McMaster is confident that <mask> will make many further significant contributions to national security in another position in the administration." In late September 2017, Cohen-Watnick was reportedly succeeded by Michael Barry. Support for counterintelligence initiatives
In May 2017, Cohen-Watnick and the FBI assistant director for counterintelligence reportedly advocated for strong law enforcement actions against Chinese government officials conducting operations targeting Chinese dissidents and asylum seekers inside the United States, against objections from Acting Assistant Secretary of State Susan Thornton.Cohen-Watnick reportedly charged Thornton with "improperly hindering law-enforcement efforts to address China's repeated violations of U.S. sovereignty and law." On December 25, 2017, The Washington Post reported that in the weeks before Trump's inauguration, Brett Holmgren, Cohen-Watnick's predecessor in the Obama White House, briefed Cohen-Watnick on the actions the Obama Administration had taken to counter Russian active measures. Once in the job, Cohen-Watnick sent out memos identifying counterintelligence threats, including Russia's, as his top priority, officials said. He convened regular meetings in the White House Situation Room at which he pressed

masks:
Ezra Cohen
Ezra


title: Charles Philip Brown

type: original

texts:
<mask> (10 November 1798 – 12 December 1884) was a British official of the East India Company. He worked in what is now Andhra Pradesh, and became an important scholarly figure in Telugu language literature. Background
Telugu literature was in a dormant phase in the 18th century, for a number of social and political reasons - a lack of creative Telugu poets, prevailing illiteracy and the decline of the Vijayanagara Empire as patrons of Telugu literature. <mask>, as official in the region, collected and edited works. He believed he had saved the heritage of the Telugu language. In his own words,

"Telugu literature was dying out; the flame was flickering in the socket in 1825, I found Telugu literature dead. In 30 years I raised it to life".Janamaddi Hanumath Sastri, who has researched <mask>'s life, established a library in Kadapa in his memory. Biography
<mask> was born in Calcutta on 10 November 1798. His father <mask> was a manager of an orphanage and a missionary and scholar in many languages including Sanskrit. <mask> moved back to England in 1812 after his father's death, to obtain training from Haileybury College for a civil service position in India. He returned to Madras on 4 August 1817

In 1820, Thomas Munro, governor of Madras had ordered that every official should learn a local language. <mask> chose Telugu, under the guidance of Velagapudi Kodandarama Panthulu, and passed a Telugu examination as well as the civil service examination that year. He became deputy to John Hanbury, the collector of Kadapa.Hanbury was fluent in Telugu and <mask> continued to study. He was transferred to Machilipatnam in 1822 and then to Rajahmundry in 1825. Moved to Guntur at the beginning of the famine of 1832–3, he employed

masks:
Charles Philip Brown
Brown
Brown
Charles Brown
David Brown
Charles Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Charles Philip Brown

texts:
 active methods, while dealing with sceptical superiors in Madras. <mask> was relieved from his duties in 1834. He went back to London and stayed there from 1835 to 1838. <mask> returned to Madras again in 1837 as a translator of Persian for the East India Company and joined as a member of the Madras College Board. He retired in 1854 because of health reasons and went back to London again.He worked at London University as Telugu Professor for some time. Legacy

While <mask> concentrated on Telugu, he was a polyglot. Other languages <mask> is said to have known were Greek, Latin, Persian and Sanskrit. He supported Telugu in three ways - he produced his own works, he recovered and discovered old works and he printed books in Telugu. He financed himself and sometimes borrowed to do so. He established two free schools in Cuddapah and two more in Machilipattanam. <mask>'s interests turned to Vemana's writings in 1824.He studied Telugu meter and grammar under the guidance of Venkatasivasastri Tippabhatla and  Advaitabrahmasastri Vatthyam. He continued his study of Telugu literature in Rajahmundry from 1825. He collected rare manuscripts of Telugu kavyas (poems) and had them copied. He also collected essays, stories, and poems that existed as an oral literature. During his stay in London from 1835, he was employed by Horace Hayman Wilson in cataloguing South Indian language manuscripts from the East India House Library. Ultimately, many of those were sent back to Madras. Friedrich August Rosen encouraged his work on Telugu prosody, and had <mask>'s essay on it published in the Asiatic Journal.There, <mask> advocated a more incisive approach,
less reliant on Indian traditions, and levelled some criticisms at the old school of

masks: Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown


title: Charles Philip Brown

texts:
 Henry Colebrooke, Sir William Jones and William Yates. He published in the Madras Journal of Literature and Science, on Colin Mackenzie's manuscript collection from 1838 to 1848. Works
<mask> wrote:

 A Dictionary, Telugu and English, ( Brownya Nighantuvu) explaining the Colloquial Style used in Business, and the Poetical Dialect, with Explanations in English and in Telugu; explaining the English Idioms and Phrases in Telugu. with the Pronunciation of English Words. With a Dictionary of Mixed Telugu, also an Explanation of the Telugn Alphabet. By <mask> <mask>. Three vols.Madras, 1852–54. A Grammar of the Telugu Language, By <mask> <mask>, Second Edition, much enlarged and improved, Madras, 1857. A Dictionary of the Mixed Dialects and Foreign Words used in Telugu; with an Explanation of the Telugu Alphabet By C. P<mask>, Madras, 1854. The Telugu Reader, being a series of Letters, Private and on Business, Police and Revenue Matters, with an English Translation, Notes explaining the Grammar, and a little Lexicon. By <mask> <mask>. Three Parts. Madras, 1852.A Little Lexicon, explaining such Words as occur in the first three Chapters of the Telugu Reader, and in the Telugu Dialogues. By C. P<mask>. Madras, 1862. Dialogues in Telugu and English, with a Grammatical Analysis. By C. P<mask>. Second Edition. Madras, 1853.The Zillah Dictionary, in the Roman Character; explaining the various Words used in Business in India. By C. P<mask>, Madras, 1852. Disputations on Village Business; the Original Telugu Record. Edited by C. P<mask>. Madras, 1855. Andhra Geervana Chandamu (ఆంధ్ర గీర్వాణ చందము) (Prosody of Telugu and Sanskrit), College Press, Madras in 1827. Vemana Satakam (వేమన శతకము) (verses of Vemana): Collection of 693 poems

masks:
Brown
Charles Philip
Brown
Charles Philip
Brown
. Brown
Charles Philip
Brown
. Brown
. Brown
. Brown
. Brown


title: Charles Philip Brown

texts:
 by Vemana along with English Translation and glossary in 1829.Lokam Cheta Vrayabadina Subha Vartamanamu (లోకం చేత వ్రాయబడిన శుభ వర్తమానము), translation of bible stories in Telugu. The Wars of the Rajas or Rajula Yuddhamulu (రాజుల యుద్ధములు), being the History of Anantapur. Written in Telugu; in or about the year 1750–1810. Translated into English by <mask> <mask>. Madras, 1853. <mask>'s grammar book of Telugu in 1840
 Telugu to English and English to Telugu dictionaries (తెలుగు-ఆంగ్ల నిఘంటువు, ఆంగ్ల-తెలుగు నిఘంటువు) in 1852 and 1854. Vemana Satakam (వేమన శతకము) (verses of Vemana): Second collection of 1164 poems by Vemana along with English Translation and glossary in 1839.Other publishings
He had prepared commentaries for all of the published works so that non-scholars can understand them. Some of the publishings sponsored by him are:
 Tale of Nala by Raghava in 1841. The Calamities of Harischandra by Gaurana Mantri in 1842. Nannaya's Andhra Mahabharatam in 1843
 Ramarajabhushanudu's Vasu Charitra in 1844
 Peddana's Manu Charitra in 1851. Potana's Andhra Mahabhagavatam in 1848 along with Puranam Hayagreeva Sastry. Tikkana's Andhra Mahabharatam in 1848 along with Puvvada Venkata Rao. Srinatha's Palanadu Veera Charitra in 1852.He also left many press ready copies like Basavapurana, PanDitaaraadhya Charitra, Ranganaatha Ramayanam, 'Uttara Raamaayanam, Vijaya Vilasam, Sarangadhara Charitra, Hari Vamsam, Kasi Khandam, Aniruddha Charitra, Kuchelopakhyaanam, Radhika Santvanam, Vikramaarka charitra etc. They were published by different institutions in Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh after his death. He also collected poems of Sumathi Satakam and Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Academy published it in 1973 acknowledging him. This is

masks:
Charles Philip
Brown
Brown


title: Charles Philip Brown

texts:
 similar to Vemana Satakam that <mask> published. Style
He collected the stories and poems of common people and published them first. Though he was less interested in pedantic works, he also published many major Telugu works along with translations written by him or other copiers closely monitored by him. He prepared an index, a glossary and commentaries to all the works.<mask> mentioned that the purpose of the commentary was to make the poems to be understood clearly without oral instructions. He also included many spoken words in his dictionary. There is no concrete evidence that <mask> introduced any more than Sandhi breaks for the Telugu alphabet. The 1906 Linguistics Survey of India does not credit <mask>ara'', saviour of Telugu.A library building was constructed at Cuddapah on the site of <mask>'s Bungalow known in those days as Brown's College. See also
 Vemana
 Tyāgarāja
 Arthur Cotton, another beloved western by Telugu people, a civil engineer. Daniel Negers, a French national who fell in love with Telugu culture. Tenali Ramakrishna
 Potana

Notes

References

External links

C. P<mask> background
C. P<mask> history from Vepachedu research foundation
The restless British Pandit
<mask>'s Digital Online dictionary hosted at Univ. of Chicago, 2nd edition 1903
C P Brown Academy, Hyderabad
Extended Brown's online dictionary
Brown's online dictionary
Brown's Verses of Vemana
Cuddapah's pages on <mask>
An article about <mask> in Popular Telugu Magazine
Rare picture of the legendary C.P.<mask>, Reviver of the Telugu literature. ( Image now with TTD archives )

1798 births
1884 deaths
Writers from Kolkata
Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
19th-century Indian writers
British writers
People from Kadapa
Telugu

masks:
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brownodhad
Brown
. Brown
. Brown
Brown
Charles Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Senidah

texts:
Senida Hajdarpašić (, ; born 9 April 1985), known by her stage name <mask> (pronounced ), is a Slovenian singer-songwriter. Born in Ljubljana, Slovenia, she rose to prominence as a lead singer of the Slovenian band Muff. She is often dubbed "the Balkan Trap Diva" by the media. <mask> achieved regional fame with the release of her single "Slađana" in March 2018. The song was named Hip-Hop/Rap Song of the Year at 2019 Music Awards Ceremony. It was the lead single off her debut studio album Bez Tebe, released in March 2019 for the Belgrade-based label Bassivity. The album was followed by a string of commercially successful singles, including "Mišići", "Kamikaza", "100%" and "Replay".Career

Early beginnings
Senidah's singing talent was discovered by her sister, who would record her singing and post it on the internet. In February 2011, Senidah released her debut R&B-influenced single "Pustinjom" (Through a Desert), but soon after joined electro soul-pop band Muff as the lead singer. Their first single "Naj sije v očeh" (Keep the Glow in the Eye) was awarded the song of the year in Slovenia. In March 2014, Muff took part in the preselection contest for Slovenia's representative at the Eurovision Song Contest 2014 with "Let Me Be (Myself)", finishing as the runner-ups to Tinkara Kovač and "Round and Round". Their debut eponymous album, released in November, was then declared the album of the year. 2018–2019: Breakthrough, "Slađana" and Bez Tebe
In March 2018, Senidah released her solo trap single "Slađana" in Serbian to lackluster success. However, after being discovered by Serbian rappers and producers Reksona and Coby from the Belgrade-based hip-hop label Bassivity Digital,

masks: Senidah Senidah


title: Senidah

texts:
 she accepted their offer to re-upload the music video to their official YouTube channel.Soon, "Slađana" went viral and has accumulated more than sixty million views. Senidah successfully continued collaborating with Bassivity, through which she released her following single "Belo" (White) in June. She was also featured on "4 strane sveta" (4 Sides of the World) by Coby as part of the soundtrack to Serbian film South Wind. At the last day of the year she released two more singles, titled "Bez tebe" (Without You) and "Nisi bio tu" (You Weren't Here). In January the following year, Senidah won the Hip-Hop/Rap Song of the Year Award with "Slađana" at the 2019 Music Awards Ceremony. In March, she released a single in English, titled "Ride", under Universal Serbia, which had been recorded a couple of years prior. Her debut album, Bez Tebe, was eventually released on 25 March, entirely in Serbian.2019–present: "Mišići" and "100%"
On 21 April, Senidah performed at the Bassivity Showcase event in Belgrade Sports Hall, alongside Bassivity Digital collective. Senidah released "Mišići" (Muscles) and "Sve bih" (I Want Everything) featuring Atlas Erotika for FCKN A! in April and May, respectively. The former one saw great success, counting more than 74 million views on YouTube. That summer as a part of her tour, she also performed at Exit Gang and Sea Dance Festival. In July, she co-wrote Đogani's single "Dodiri" (Touches). On 9 August, she released "202", again in English.In mid August, media started the rumour that <mask> was internally selected to represent Slovenia at Eurovision Song Contest 2020; however, the rumour turned out to be false. On 15 August, a new single "Kamikaza"


title: Arpad Busson

texts:
<mask> (born 27 January 1963) is a French financier. <mask> entered the world of hedge funds in 1986 working in New York. He is the founder and Chairman of the EIM Group,  a fund of funds company. <mask> is also active in a number of philanthropic causes around the globe. According to the French business magazine Challenges, he has a net worth of €290 million at 2013. Early life
<mask>'s father, <mask>, was a former French army officer and Algerian War veteran, who later turned financier. His mother, Florence "Flockie" Harcourt-Smith, was an English former debutante.His parents met in Paris and named their son after the Hungarian-born banker Árpád Plesch (1889–1974), who not only was Florence's step-father (he was the second husband of her mother, Marysia Ulam Krauss Harcourt-Smith), but had also been her step-grandfather (Plesch's first wife, Leonie Caro Ulam, was his second wife's mother). Plesch was a mentor to Italy's richest man, Gianni Agnelli, the late head of Fiat. <mask>'s aunt, Joanna Harcourt-Smith, was a companion of Timothy Leary, who coincidentally was married in the early 1960s to Nena von Schlebrügge, the mother of Arpad's partner Uma Thurman. Some sources have suggested that, while growing up in France, Busson made early profits selling toothpicks door-to-door (which he denies), but he was educated in France and at the Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland. He then passed through national service as a medical orderly in the French army, of which a friend said: "He loved the discipline of the army – it was the making of him.". On being demobilised, Busson had a well-publicised relationship with the actress Farrah Fawcett and appeared in tabloid gossip columns. As he often refuses to give interviews, stories

masks:
Arpad Busson
Busson
Busson
Arpad Busson
Pascal Busson
Busson


title: Arpad Busson

texts:
 surround Busson – the story about Fawcett is that they met on the French Riviera.The story is only partly true, in that it was perpetuated by the gossip columnist "Taki" as a sort of in-joke: Taki knew <mask>'s mother, who was friends with Fawcett. Finance career

<mask> entered the world of hedge funds in 1986 working with Dubin Swieca. He was later employed as a marketing representative for Paul Tudor Jones's fund Tudor Investments. In 1991, <mask> founded the EIM Group to provide fund-of-fund management services to the growing institutional market for hedge funds. On 8 December 2008, EIM Group was reported as being a victim of Bernie Madoff's Ponzi scheme. In November 2001, EIM, an asset management company run by <mask>, was asked by the FBI to help trace the finances of al-Qaida. The FBI noted that the firm was not a target of the investigation, and was cooperating fully.In December 2013, <mask> merged his EIM group with Swiss listed investment company Gottex Fund Management Holdings. In July 2015, <mask> was named the next executive chairman of Gottex Fund Management for the interim, following Joachim Gottschalk stepping down from the position and finding a permanent executive chairman. Gottex Fund Management rebranded itself as LumX and was eventually delisted from the Swiss Stock Exchange in June 2020 after suffering losses of more than $55 million the previous five years, essentially ending <mask>'s time as a hedge fund manager. Charity

<mask> is a proponent of "venture philanthropy", which seeks to multiply the effectiveness of charitable pursuits by applying to them the same management practices which are used in business ventures. He is a founding trustee of the children's charity ARK (Absolute Return

masks: Busson Busson Busson Busson Busson Busson Busson Busson


title: Arpad Busson

texts:
 for Kids) and serves as chairman of its board of directors. <mask> held the post of Chairman since the charity's inception. He stepped down from that position in 2009 but remains a member of the Board as founding chairman, and as chairman of ARK US.ARK raises charitable contributions from the hedge fund industry for children who are victims of abuse, disability, illness and poverty. ARK finances and manages projects aimed at transforming the lives of children in Eastern Europe, South Africa and the UK through education and healthcare. The annual Ark Dinner hosted by Busson sees a range of high-profile individuals attend the event to raise money for the charity. Previous years have seen the likes of Bill Clinton (2006), Queen Rania of Jordan (2010) and in 2011 the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge took the limelight as Prince William announced a joint venture by the Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry and the Ark charity. Its activities include funding treatment for AIDS victims in Africa, taking children out of care in Bulgaria and Romania and developing educational opportunities for disadvantaged children in India. It also operates eight academies, six of which are in London, through its subsidiary charity ARK Academies. <mask> says of ARK, "If we can apply the entrepreneurial principles we have brought to business to charity, we have a shot at having a really strong impact, to be able to transform the lives of children."He is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation and a founding member of Theodora Children's Trust, a charity which brings music, magic and laughter to children in hospital through visits from performers known as "Giggle Doctors". Personal life
<mask> began a relationship with Australian

masks: Busson Busson Busson


title: Arpad Busson

texts:
 supermodel Elle Macpherson in 1996. They have two sons together: <mask> <mask>, known as Flynn (born February 1998 in New York City), and Aurelius Cy Andrea <mask> (born February 2003 in London). The family lived together in London until <mask> and Macpherson's separation in July 2005. Busson began dating American actress Uma Thurman in 2007 and they announced their engagement in June 2008. In December 2009, it was reported that the two had ended their engagement, but they reconciled and dated soon after their daughter's birth. <mask> and Thurman have one daughter together, Rosalind Arusha Arkadina Altalune Florence Thurman-<mask>, known as Luna (born July 2012 in Boston, MA).The couple called off the engagement for the second time in April 2014. In January 2017, Thurman and Busson began a custody battle for their daughter. Thurman ultimately received primary physical custody later that month. In 2012, <mask> sold Andy Warhol's portrait Mao (1973) for $12 million at Phillips in New York. References

1963 births
Alumni of Institut Le Rosey
Living people
Businesspeople from Paris
French expatriates in England
French financial analysts
French financiers
French investors
French hedge fund managers
French money managers
Philanthropists from Paris
French stock traders
French people of English

masks:
Arpad
Flynn Busson
Busson
Busson
Busson
Busson
Busson


title: Dietrich von Jagow

texts:
<mask> (29 February 1892 – 26 April 1945) was a German naval officer, politician, SA Obergruppenführer and diplomat. Naval career
Jagow was born into a distinguished aristocratic family in Frankfurt an der Oder. <mask>, who served as the German foreign minister was his cousin. Jagow ascribed to the typical Junker values of militarism, nationalism and a deep devotion to serving the state. After attending the Mürwik naval school, he joined the Imperial German Navy as an officer on 1 April 1912. During the First World War, he served on a submarine and then commanded a minesweeper after the Armistice of 11 November 1918. Jagow began the war in 1914 as a lieutenant and had risen to the rank of senior lieutenant by 1918.Völkisch activist
In September 1919, Jagow joined the Marinebrigade Ehrhardt of the Freikorps and took part in the Kapp Putsch of March 1920. Refusing to take an oath of loyalty to the Weimar Republic, he left the Navy later in March 1920. Settling in Bavaria, he joined the right-wing terrorist group Organization Consul that assassinated pro-Weimar politicians. His first job was as a sales agent for the Bavarian Wood Processing Company, which was a front for the Organization Consul. In the fall of 1920, he joined the NSDAP and in early 1921 he joined the SA. In the spring of 1921, he fought against the Poles in Silesia. The commander of the company Jagow served in during the Silesian war was Baron <mask> Killinger, who remained a close associate thereafter.In January 1922, Adolf Hitler sent Jagow to set up the first NSDAP group in Tübingen, and Jagow subsequently became one of the most important Nazi leaders in Württemberg. Jagow worked as a guest lecturer at Eberhard Karls

masks:
Dietrich Wilhelm Bernhard von Jagow
Gottlieb von Jagow
Manfred von


title: Dietrich von Jagow

texts:
 minesweepers in the English channel, leading his forces into nightly clashes with the Royal Navy for control of the channel. In January 1941, long-standing rivalries between the Auswärtiges Amt (Foreign Office) and the SS exploded with the attempted coup d'etat in Bucharest that saw SS back the coup by the Iron Guard under its leader Horia Sima against the Prime Minister, General Ion Antonescu while the Auswärtiges Amt together with the Wehrmacht back Antonescu. In the aftermath of the coup, the Foreign Minister <mask> Ribbentrop made an effort to curb the power of the SS to conduct a foreign policy independent of the Auswärtiges Amt. Taking advantage of the long-standing rivalries between the SS and the SA, in 1941, Ribbentrop appointed an assemblage of SA men to head the German embassies in Eastern Europe, with <mask> Killinger going to Romania, Siegfried Kasche to Croatia, Adolf-Heinz Beckerle to Bulgaria, Jagow to Hungary, and Hanns Ludin to Slovakia in order to ensure that there would be minimal co-operation with the SS. Ribbentrop that the traditional aristocratic diplomats who dominated the Auswärtiges Amt were too genteel to handle the SS, and wanted SA brawlers, whom he felt would be better in upholding the authority of the Auswärtiges Amt against the SS.Minister plenipotentiary in Budapest
The role of the SA ambassadors was that of "quasi-Reich governors" as they aggressively supervised the internal affairs of the nations they were stationed in, making them very much unlike traditional ambassadors. The aristocratic professional diplomats who dominated the Auswärtiges Amt saw the SA ambassadors as "outsiders", the disparaging term used by the professional diplomats to

masks:
Joachim von
Manfred von


title: Dietrich von Jagow

texts: describe anyone who was not part of their clique.. The German historian Daniel Siemans wrote that it was significant that four of the five SA ambassadors had served as policemen in their careers, suggesting it was their ability to impose their will on others as police chiefs that led them for them being appointed as ambassadors. From the viewpoint of Berlin, southeast Europe was viewed as the ergänzungsraum ("complementary space") to the lebensraum ("living space") in Eastern Europe. Unlike the lebensraum, which was to be colonised with millions of German settlers while the indigenous peoples living there would be exterminated, expelled or enslaved, the ergänzungsraum were seen as a source of food, raw materials and manpower that would assist the Reich in its quest for "world power status". Because the states in the ergänzungsraum were not to be colonised, the role of these states were seen as essentially protectorates of Germany that would be allowed a nominal independence as long as they played their role in the "New Order in Europe". Those who knew him reported that Jagow was "deeply unhappy" about serving as a diplomat as he much preferred to be fighting in the war.Hungary was a society dominated by the Magyar nobility who owned most of the land and generally held almost all of the high offices of the Hungarian state. It was felt that Jagow as a nobleman was the best man to talk to the Magyar aristocracy, who would had resented it if the German minister was a commoner. From 1941 to 1944, he was the German minister (ambassador) to Hungary. The Hungarian politician Count Miklós Kállay described him: "In those days I had my first meeting with the German minister , Herr <mask>


title: Dietrich von Jagow

texts: that Kállay in his first speech as prime minister on 19 March 1942 described the war against the Soviet Union as "our war" and ordered a police crackdown on the Hungarian Social Democrats, sending hundreds of Jewish Social Democrats to the dreaded Labor Service of the Royal Hungarian Army where conditions were extremely harsh. Jagow described Kállay in his reports to Ribbentrop as a proponent of what was known in Hungary as "civilized antisemitism" who favored social exclusion and discrimination as the solution to the "Jewish Question", but who deeply deplored violence. However, in July 1942, Jagow reported to Ribbentrop that Kállay was basically loyal to alliance with Germany and his government had taken "a sharper position on the Jewish Question than all of his predecessors". In the coming months, Jagow was to find that he was wrong in his assessment of Kállay. On 6 October 1942, Martin Luther, the diplomat in charge of the anti-Semitic polices in the Auswärtiges Amt, informed Jagow that his number one duty in Budapest was to impress upon the Hungarians that Hungary must do its part in the "Final Solution". Ribbentrop made a major push to involve Hungary on 14 October 1942 where the State Secretary of the Auswärtiges Amt, Baron <mask> Weizsäcker, met with Döme Sztójay, the Hungarian minister in Berlin and on the same day Jagow met Count Jenő Ghyczy, the Hungarian Foreign Minister. Both Weizsäcker and Jagow made the same arguments in their respective meetings, saying the Führer was extremely unhappy with the Hungarian foot-dragging about the "Jewish Question", and that Hungary's place in the "New Order in Europe" would entirely depend upon Hitler's goodwill.To buy time, the


title: Dietrich von Jagow

texts: armistice talks. The Allies had made numerous statements to the media, accusing Nazi Germany of crimes against humanity, which caused Horthy to recognize that keeping the Hungarian Jewish population safe would improve his odds of signing an armistice with the Allies. In February 1943, Jagow was approached by Baron László Vay, a prominent MP of the MEP (Magyar Elet Partja-Party of Hungarian Life) about an up-coming visit of a delegation of MEP MPs led by Béla Lukács to Munich to meet Martin Bormann scheduled for 12 March 1943. Vay wanted Bormann  to pressure Lukács and the other MEP MPs at the Munich meeting to do more to resolve the "Jewish Question" in Hungary, saying "there is much to done yet in this area in Hungary".<mask> agreed to pass on Vay's message to Berlin alongside a note stating this initiative must be not revealed as coming from Vay. At the meeting in Munich, Bormann hammered the MEP MPs, saying that Hungary was not doing its part to solve the "Jewish Question", and this was going to affect Hungary's relations with Germany in general. Knowing of the Hungarian obsession with regaining all of the lands lost under the Treaty of Trianon, Bormann stated that there was a connection between the two issues, saying the Hungarians really wanted to take back all of the lost lands, then they should be willing to do their part with the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question". Throughout 1943, Hungarian diplomats in Turkey were secretly in contact with British and American diplomats, telling them that their government no longer wished to be fighting with Germany. Turkey under the leadership of President İsmet İnönü leaned towards a pro-Allied neutrality, and the Turks often


title: Dietrich von Jagow

texts:
 Ribbentrop have been lost.Along the way to Italy, he stopped in South Tyrol in the city of Meran (modern Merano, Italy), which had been annexed to the Reich in September 1943. On 26 April 1945, Jagow committed suicide in the house of the German ambassador to the Italian Social Republic, Rudolf Rahn, shooting himself in the head. His suicide note stated that he did not want to live in a world controlled by Jews, which is what he believed would be the situation after Germany's defeat. Reputation today

Despite his commitment to Nazism, Jagow was posthumously "de-Nazified" with a judge in West Germany ruling on 13 February 1950 that Jagow was a "lesser offender" as the judge ruled he was not a committed Nazi and conducted himself in "an idealistic and decent way". Jagow's widow was living in dire poverty with seven children to raise, and it appears that the judge's ruling was intended to help her by allowing her to collect a widow's pension rather than being based on an objective assessment of his career. Jagow's son, Henning, defends his father today, insisting that he was "a political idealist, naïve and relatively stubborn with regard to political developments, but at the same time a decent man, guided by Christian ethical principles, for whom morality and honor were important and who in latter years surely must had his doubts about the evils of the Nazi regime". Henning <mask>w claims that his father's suicide was an act of political protest against the Nazi regime that was consistent with the aristocratic code of honor that he professed to live by.By contrast, in Württemberg, the Land (state) where Jagow spent much of his life, he is still remembered for the "reign of terror" he


title: Ken Arthurson

texts:
<mask>Arko<mask> AM (born 1 October 1929) is an Australian rugby league football identity. Affectionately known as "The Godfather of Manly", he played, coached and was later an administrator at the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles club in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. Later he ran the NSWRL, and then the Australian Rugby League during the 1990s' Super League war, resigning in 1997 as part of the peace process for creating the unified National Rugby League. Background
Born in the Sydney suburb of in Glebe, <mask> became a rugby league footballer through the Freshwater Surf Club, playing in their 1945 D-Grade premiership win alongside another future Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles legend, and the club's first home-grown Australian international, Roy Bull. Playing career
<mask> made his first grade debut in the 1950 NSWRFL season for the three-year-old Manly-Warringah club under the coaching of former Kangaroo tourist and Australian test captain Wally O'Connell, who had moved to Manly from Eastern Suburbs. Arko played at half-back in Manly-Warringah's first Grand Final appearance in the 1951 NSWRFL Grand Final against the South Sydney Rabbitohs at the Sydney Sports Ground. The day didn't go as planned for the Sea Eagles though as Souths ran out easy 42-14 winners.Although Manly were easily defeated by Souths, they gained respect around the league for having reached the Grand Final in just their fifth year in the premiership having joined in 1947 (fellow 1947 entrant Parramatta did not play their first Grand Final until 1976, a 13–10 loss to Manly). <mask>, by then regarded as one of the best young halfbacks in the

masks:
Kenneth Richard "
" Arthurson
Ken Arthurson
Ken Arthurson
Arthurson


title: Ken Arthurson

texts:
 league, then played another full season at Manly in 1952, before accepting the role of player-coach with NSW Country Group 11 team Parkes' for 1953. His reason for leaving Manly and going to Parkes was that with players such as Australian and NSW halfback Keith Holman generally being the first picked for representative teams (City Firsts, NSW and Australia), <mask> felt he had a better chance at NSW and Australian selection playing for Country Firsts. Just three weeks into his stint at Parkes in a match between Northern and Southern NSW Zones in April 1953, <mask> was badly injured. The 27 April edition of the Parkes Champion Post reported that it 'was early in the game when <mask> fell over the goal line and another player, who was following him, fell on top of him, striking ken's head with his knee'. He was rushed to Parkes District Hospital in a serious condition with a fractured skull. <mask> had taken part in only two other matches since his arrival.He was later to spend three months in hospital recuperating from his injury and never played Rugby League again. Coaching career
<mask> returned to Sydney and coached Manly's third grade team in 1954 and reserve grade in 1955–56. He was first grade coach from 1957 to 1961, making the semi finals every year and the 1957 Grand Final as a 27-year-old. His side made another Grand Final appearance in 1959. Unfortunately for <mask> and Manly, both Grand Finals were played against a St George side in the early years of their record run of 11 straight premierships. <mask> later said that there was no shame to running second to those St George teams whose talent included

masks: Arthurson Ken Ken Ken Arthurson Arthurson Arthurson


title: Ken Arthurson

texts:
 <mask>, Norm Provan, Eddie Lumsden, Brian "Poppa" Clay, Harry Bath and future rugby league Immortal Johnny Raper. Administration
Following his coaching stint at Manly, <mask> became the club's secretary, taking over from Jack Munro after Munro's passing in 1963.<mask> held this post for 20 years, during which time he helped build the Sea Eagles into one of the most successful clubs in the league by use of his negotiating skills and the club's finances, something which made Manly the team others loved to hate (many believe that <mask>'s only rival as a top club administrator in Australia was his close friend, Canterbury-Bankstown's Peter "Bullfrog" Moore). During his time as club secretary, Arko signed players who went on to become legends not only at Manly but also in rugby league. His list of players includes Graham Eadie, <mask>, Terry Randall, Mal Reilly, John O'Neill, Ray Branighan, Max Krilich, Phil Lowe, Paul Vautin, Les Boyd, Kerry Boustead, and possibly his greatest signing, Australian Rugby League Immortal Bob Fulton. As told by people such as Paul "Fatty" Vautin, Arko's negotiating skills often led a player to sign or re-sign with Manly for less money than they were being offered by other clubs. In his biography "The Strife and times of Paul Vautin", Fatty told how in the early 1980s Parramatta Eels coach Jack Gibson offered him a substantial amount of money to join the Eels. When he told Arthurson about the offer, Arko convinced him that living on the Northern Beaches and playing for Manly offered him a far better lifestyle than in the western suburbs, including asking Vautin to compare swimming at any of

masks:
Ken Kearney
Arthurson
Arthurson
Arthurson
Ken Irvine


title: Ken Arthurson

texts: the peninsula's renowned beaches to having to swim in the Parramatta River, telling him "You'll catch Typhoid". Fatty ended up re-signing with Manly for more than his previous contract (on the provision that he used at least half of the money to buy a house in the area...another Arthurson incentive to remain at the club), but far less than what Gibson was offering.<mask>'s tireless efforts as secretary of Manly-Warringah paid off big time in the 1970s as the Sea Eagles won the NSWRL premiership in 1972, 1973, 1976 and 1978 making the club the most successful of the decade. In total, during his 20 years as club secretary, Manly appeared in 8 Grand Finals for four premierships; 1968, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1982 and 1983. The club also won the Minor premiership in 1971, 1972, 1973, 1976 and 1983, the NSWRFL club championship in 1972 and 1973, the pre-season competition in 1980 and the KB Cup in 1982 and 1983. They also reached the finals series in 1966, 1968-1978 and 1981–1983. In 1984 he became the Chairman of the Australian Rugby League (ARL) and in 1986 took over from Tom Bellew as Chairman of the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL). He was made a Member of the Order of Australia in 1988 "in recognition of (his) service to Rugby League football". In the mid-1990s <mask> led the ARL's fight against Rupert Murdoch's News Ltd in the Super League war.On 28 February 1997, in order to improve the chances of a peace deal with Super League being reached, <mask> resigned as ARL chairman. Also in 1997, <mask> released his book, Arko, My Game. On 24 October 2000, <mask> was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for his

masks: Arthurson Arthurson Arthurson Arthurson Arthurson


title: Ken Arthurson

texts:
 fourteen years presiding over the NSWRL and ARL. The <mask> Stand, located in the south-eastern corner at Brookvale Oval and linking the Jane Try and (now) Fulton-Menzies stands, is named in his honour and was officially opened by <mask> and the Mayor of Warringah Council Brian Green on Sunday 14 June 1995. During his time as head of the ARL, <mask> also served as President of the Manly Leagues Club until retiring in October 2004. Honours
In November 2009, <mask> was awarded the 'Spirit of Rugby League Award' by the Rugby League International Federation, in their inaugural awards presentation. He was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame in 2010.The Manly Warringah Sea Eagles have also named one of their club awards in his honour. The Sea Eagles' Rookie of the Year award is known as the "<mask>son Award - Rookie of the Year". Retirement
<mask> currently lives with his wife Barbara on the Gold Coast in Queensland where his love of rugby league has seen him attend NRL games involving the Gold Coast Titans and Manly as a guest of the Titans, though he has stated that his heart will always be at Brookvale and he remains a staunch supporter of his beloved Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles. References

Further reading

External links
<mask> at Unofficial Manly Club Website

1929 births
Living people
Australian rugby league administrators
Australian rugby league coaches
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles coaches
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles players
Members of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Rugby league halfbacks
Rugby league players from Sydney
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees
Sportsmen from

masks:
Ken Arthurson
Arthurson
Arthurson
Arthurson
Ken Arthur
Ken Arthurson
Ken Arthurson


title: Robert of Ketton

texts:
<mask>tton, known in Latin as Rodbertus Ketenensis ( 1141–1157), was an English astronomer, translator, priest and diplomat active in Spain. He translated several works of Arabic into Latin, including the first translation of the Quran into any Western language. Between 1144 and 1157 he held an archdeaconry in the diocese of Pamplona. In the past he has been confounded with <mask> of Chester (Latin <mask>rensis), another English translator active in Spain in the mid-twelfth century; and at least one modern scholar believes they are the same person. <mask>'s byname, Ketenensis or on one occasion de Ketene, is usually taken to refer to Ketton, a village in Rutland, a few miles from Stamford, Lincolnshire. It was probably <mask>'s birthplace. This nickname was never used in official documents associated with Pamplona, where he was always simply "Master <mask>" (magister Rodbertus), indicating that he had a master of arts degree.The identification of the translator known as <mask> of Ketton and the archdeacon known as <mask> is provided by a letter of Peter the Venerable, abbot of Cluny. In the spring or summer of 1144, when Peter sent some of <mask>'s translations to Bernard of Clairvaux. In the accompanying letter he named the translator as "<mask> of Ketton from England, who is now archdeacon of the church of Pamplona" (<mask>i de Anglia, qui nunc Pampilonensis ecclesiae archidiaconus est). Translations
Prior to 1141, <mask> of Ketton and Hermann of Carinthia were engaged in a project of translating Arabic texts into Latin for their own use and education. Only one product of <mask> from this early

masks:
Robert of Ke
Robert
Robertus Cast
Robert
Robert
Robert
Robert
Master Robert
Robert
Robert
Roberto Keens
Robert
Robert


title: Robert of Ketton

texts: collaboration is known or has survived. On Hermann's request, <mask> translated al-Kindi's Astrological Judgements, under the Latin title Judicia. (Many later manuscripts misattribute it to the astronomer <mask> Anglicus.)In the preface to this translation, he explains that his interest is in geometry and astronomy, but that he is undertaking an astrological work for the sake of his friendship with Hermann. Their real plan, he says, is to work through Euclid's Elements and Theodosius's Sphaerics in order to be capable of understanding Ptolemy's Almagest. All of these texts would have been available to them only in Arabic at that time. It has been suggested that one other text that survives might be <mask>'s work from his and Hermann's private collaboration: a translation of Euclid's Elements known as "Adelard II", which is usually attributed to Adelard of Bath and sometimes to <mask> of Chester. It was the most popular of several Latin translations of Euclid from the twelfth century. In his translation of Ptolemy's Planisphere of 1143, Hermann also mentions that <mask> gave him the astronomical tables of al-Battani, perhaps in translation. In 1141, <mask> and Hermann met Abbot Peter the Venerable on the banks of the Ebro, probably at Logroño, and he convinced them to translate some Islamic texts for his collection, which has become known as the Toledan Collection.For this project, <mask> translated a history of the early Caliphate under the title Chronica mendosa Saracenorum (Lying Chronicle of the Saracens) and the Quran itself under the title Lex Mahumet pseudoprophete (Law of the False Prophet

masks: Robert Robertus Robert Robert Robert Robert Robert


title: Robert of Ketton

texts:
 Muhammad). For the latter work he was assisted by a certain Muhammad. His translation is very free and he does not subdivide the text according to the suras. The entire Toledan Collection was printed by the Protestant printer Theodore Bibliander at Basel in 1543. As late as 1143, <mask> still had in mind his and Hermann's pet project of astronomical translations, for he wrote a letter to Peter the Venerable promising "a celestial gift which embraces within itself the whole of science … revealing most accurately, according to number, proportion and measure, all the celestial circles and their quantities, orders and conditions, and, finally, all the various movements of the stars, and their effects and natures." Ecclesiastical career
<mask>'s career in the church began after his career as a translator had ended. (Perhaps he received his benefice as a reward for his work.)He was an archdeacon at Pamplona from at least 1144—and probably shortly before that—until 1157, when he was transferred to a canonry of Tudela. His presence at Pamplona is known from documents of 1145, 1147, 1149 and 1151. He was in Barcelona on official business in 1152. He seems to have held the archdeaconry of Valdonsella, which included the town of Uncastillo. Since the Kingdom of Navarre regained its independence in 1134, this lay on the border with and was disputed by the Kingdom of Aragon. <mask> served King García Ramírez of Navarre (whose grandfather, Sancho Garcés, was lord of Uncastillo) as a diplomat, even drawing up the peace treaty signed with Raymond Berengar IV, regent of Aragon, on 1 July 1149. For this effort on

masks: Robert Robert Robert


title: Robert of Ketton

texts:
 behalf of peace, he was commended by Pope Eugenius III.In 1151, <mask>'s bishop, Lope de Artajona, sent him as his delegate to a conference to resolve the disputed boundary between the dioceses of Pamplona and Zaragoza. Later, <mask> led some of the Pamplonese clergy into rebellion against Lope. Their dispute was for a time patched up, but when Lope came into conflict with King Sancho VI, <mask> joined the king's side. It was probably through the king that he obtained the canonry in Tudela after his archdeaconry had become untenable. There is no record of him after 1157. Charles Burnett notes that "<mask>'s education fit him well for the roles of diplomat, royal adviser and redactor of official documents." See also
Latin translations of the 12th century

Notes

References
 Thomas E. Burman, "Tafsir and Translation: Traditional Arabic Quran Exegesis and the Latin Qurans of <mask> of Ketton and Mark of Toledo", Speculum, 73 (1998), pp.703–32. Richard Lemay, "L'authenticité de la préface de <mask> Chester à sa traduction du Morienus (1144)", Chrysopœia, 4 (1991), pp. 3–32

External links
<mask> of Ketton's Qu'ran, the Latin text as edited by Theodor Bibliander (1550 revised edition)
Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History: 600-1300
Islamic perspective

Arabic–Latin translators
Christian scholars of Islam
Canons (priests)
People from Ketton
Translators of the Quran into Latin
English Arabists
Medieval Arabists
Medieval orientalists
12th-century linguists
Ketton
12th-century translators
12th-century astronomers
12th-century English writers
Medieval English astronomers
12th-century Latin writers
English

masks:
Robert
Robert
Robert
Robert
Robert
Robert de
Robert


title: Helen Dore Boylston

texts:
<mask> (April 4, 1895 – September 30, 1984) was the American author of the popular "Sue Barton" nurse series and "Carol Page" actor series. Biography
Born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, <mask> spent her childhood there, and was nicknamed "Troub", short for Troubles. She attended Simmons College in Boston for a year. She thought of studying medicine like her father, but chose nursing since the training was shorter. She graduated as a nurse from Massachusetts General Hospital in 1915 and sailed for France to serve in the First World War with the Harvard Medical Unit, as part of the British Expeditionary Force. She nursed the wounded at a front-line field hospital, specializing as a nurse anesthetist and reaching the rank of captain. <mask> wrote about her experiences in Sister: The War Diary of a Nurse, which was published in 1927.After the 1918 Armistice, <mask> remained in Europe working for the Red Cross for two years providing services to civilians in Albania, Poland, Russia, Italy, and Germany. <mask> met reporter Rose Wilder Lane, daughter of the not-yet-famous Laura Ingalls Wilder on a train between Paris and Warsaw. During periods in the United States, <mask> worked as the head of an outpatient department and as an instructor in anesthesiology at Massachusetts General Hospital, as well a psychiatric nurse in New York City and a head nurse in a Connecticut hospital, experiences she was to mine in future books. Between 1921 and 1924 she worked again with the Red Cross in Europe, and in 1925 wrote a reminiscence of her student nursing days that was published in the American Journal of Nursing. <mask> was still anxious for adventure and wrote to a friend "Daddy wants me to settle down, but I'm young! I'm young! Why shouldn't I live?What is old age if it has no memories

masks:
Helen Dore Boylston
Boylston
Boylston
Boylston
Boylston
Boylston
Boylston


title: Helen Dore Boylston

texts: except of 40 years or so of blank days?" In 1926 Lane and <mask> traveled to Europe with the goal of moving to Albania and earning their living by writing. In preparation, between March and September 1926 they lived in Paris, studying French, Italian, German and Russian at the Berlitz School. In August they purchased a maroon Model T Ford which they named "Zenobia" in honor of the Bedouin queen of ancient times, and set off to Albania with their French maid, Yvonne. An account of the journey, called Travels With Zenobia: Paris to Albania by Model T Ford was published in 1983. <mask> lived in a comfortable house in Tirana, Albania for two years. The house she shared with Lane was the scene of numerous parties, where members of the Albanian government danced to the sound of their imported Victrola.According to her publisher, <mask> "once made the Albanian Prime Minister carry her trunk off the boat and tried to tip him, not knowing who he was." She was also "shot at for two hours in a ditch in southern Albania, owing to a mistake in identity". While in Albania, <mask> assisted at an Albanian school of nursing that was directed by a fellow graduate from the School of Nursing at Massachusetts General Hospital. After about two years,  <mask> saw a picture of a baked potato in a magazine, and feeling an "irresistible lure", returned to the US. A less dramatic version has her deciding to accompany Lane home after Lane had received a disturbing cablegram from her parents in January 1928. In the summer of 1928 <mask> arrived at Rocky Ridge, the Wilder family farmhouse in Mansfield, Missouri. Encouraged by the publication of her War Diary in book form, she decided to gain a living by writing, though she also supported in part by inherited income.She initially lived in a tent on a

masks: Boylston Boylston Boylston Boylston Boylston Boylston


title: Helen Dore Boylston

texts: hill near the farmhouse, though the plan was that <mask> and Lane would live in the remodeled and modernized farmhouse, while Lane's parents, Laura Ingalls Wilder and Almanzo Wilder, moved into a newly built English stone cottage. <mask> lost considerable sums of investment income in the Depression and in the early 1930s moved east to work again as a nurse. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, <mask> began writing and publishing stories more seriously. She published articles and stories in The Atlantic Monthly, Harper's, and Argosy, and wrote a radio script for the Canadian Broadcasting Company. In 1936 <mask> published Sue Barton: Student Nurse, the first of her seven Sue Barton books. In publisher's note in a 1967 British edition of the book, <mask> stated that all the nursing incidents in the first two books were based on real events. The Kit, Connie and Bill characters were also based on real individuals and used their real names, while others used pseudonyms.She denied that Barton herself was an autobiographical portrait, saying "I made her up, lock, stock and barrel. She is the kind of person and the kind of nurse I wished I were, and I had a lot of fun creating her." The books followed the career of a red-haired nurse as she progressed through her training, career, marriage and motherhood, and sought to maintain her independence. They were significant in providing role models to girls who wanted careers from the 1930s to 1950s, and in being among those that defined the young adult category of literature. The books were highly successful, selling millions of copies in English and translations, and were praised for their authentic representation of nursing practice and freedom from sentimentality. The books have been translated into several foreign languages, they

masks: Boylston Boylston Boylston Boylston Boylston


title: Helen Dore Boylston

texts:
 remained in print ever since. With Sue Barton married to Bill Barry and expecting her first baby in Sue Barton: Superintendent Nurse, <mask> began a new series about another career woman, this time an actress, Carol Page.She incorporated the advice and experience of Eva Le Gallienne, her friend and neighbor, as well as researching her stories backstage at La Gallienne's Civic Repertory Theatre in New York City. <mask> later returned to Sue Barton, publishing the final two books in the series Sue Barton: Neighborhood Nurse and Sue Barton: Staff Nurse in 1949 and 1952 respectively. In 1955, <mask> published Clara Barton: Founder of the American Red Cross, a biography for young adults of Civil War nurse Clara Barton. <mask> never married. She suffered from dementia in later years, and died in Trumbull, Connecticut at the age of 89, leaving no known relatives. Works

 Sister: The War Diary of a Nurse (1927)
 Sue Barton, Student Nurse (1936)
 Sue Barton, Senior Nurse (1937)
 Sue Barton, Visiting Nurse (1938)
 Sue Barton, Rural Nurse (1939)
 Sue Barton, Superintendent of Nurses (1940)
 Sue Barton, Neighborhood Nurse (1949)
 Sue Barton, Staff Nurse(1952)
 Carol Goes Backstage (1941)
 Carol Plays Summer Stock (1942)
 Carol on Broadway (1944)
 Carol on Tour (1946)
 Clara Barton: Founder of American Red Cross (1955 and 1963)
 Travels With Zenobia: Paris to Albania by Model T Ford (with Rose Wilder Lane) (1983)

References

Bibliography

20th-century American novelists
American nursing administrators
Harvard Medical School people
Simmons College (Massachusetts) alumni
1895 births
1984 deaths
Female nurses in World War I
Psychiatric nurses
Female wartime nurses
American women novelists
20th-century American women writers
Novelists from New Hampshire
People from Portsmouth, New

masks: Boylston Boylston Boylston Boylston


title: Bernie Taupin

texts:
<mask>  (born 22 May 1950) is an English songwriter. He is best known for his long-term collaboration with Elton John, having written the lyrics for most of John's songs. In 1967, <mask> answered an advertisement placed in the music paper New Musical Express by Liberty Records, a company that was seeking new songwriters. John responded to the same advertisement and they were brought together, collaborating on many projects since. <mask> and John were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1992. Birth and childhood
<mask> was born at Flatters House, a farmhouse located between the village of Anwick and the town of Sleaford, in the southern part of Lincolnshire, England, the son of Daphne (née Cort) and <mask>. His paternal grandparents were French.<mask>'s father was educated in Dijon and was employed as a stockman by a large farm estate near the town of Market Rasen. <mask>'s mother worked as a nanny, having previously lived in Switzerland. The family later moved to Rowston Manor, a significant step up from Flatters farmhouse, which had no electricity. <mask>'s father decided to try independent farming, and the family moved to the run-down Maltkiln Farm in the north-Lincolnshire village of Owmby-by-Spital. <mask>'s 11-year-younger brother, Kit, was born there. Unlike his older brother, Tony, who attended a grammar school (selective secondary school), Taupin was not a diligent student, although he showed an early flair for writing. At age 15, he left school and started work as a trainee in the print room of the local newspaper, The Lincolnshire Standard, with aspirations of becoming a journalist.<mask>

masks:
Bernard John Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Robert Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin


title: Bernie Taupin

texts:
 soon left that job, and spent the rest of his teenage years hanging out with friends, hitchhiking the country roads to attend youth club dances in the surrounding villages, playing snooker in the Aston Arms Pub in Market Rasen and drinking. <mask> had worked at several part-time jobs when, at age 17, he answered the advertisement that eventually led to his collaboration with Elton John. Early influences
<mask>'s mother had studied French literature and his maternal grandfather John Leonard Palchett "Poppy" Cort was a classics teacher and graduate of the University of Cambridge. They instilled in him an appreciation for nature and literature and narrative poetry, both of which influenced his early lyrics. Collaboration with Elton John

In 1967, <mask> answered an advertisement for talent that was placed in the New Musical Express by Liberty Records A&R man Ray Williams. Elton John answered the same advert. Neither <mask> nor John passed the audition for Liberty Records.Elton told the man behind the desk that he could not write lyrics, so the man handed Elton a sealed envelope from the pile of people submitting lyrics, which he opened on the London Underground ride home. The envelope contained poems by <mask>. The duo have collaborated on more than thirty albums to date. The team took some time off from each other for a while between 1977 and 1979, while <mask> worked with other songwriters, including Alice Cooper, and John worked with other lyricists, including Gary Osborne and Tom Robinson. (The 1978 single-only A side "Ego" was their only collaboration of note during the period, although John/Taupin B-sides

masks: Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin


title: Bernie Taupin

texts: such as "Lovesick" and "I Cry at Night" were issued with the respective singles "Song for Guy" and "Part-time Love" from the album A Single Man.) John and <mask> resumed writing together on an occasional basis in 1980, with <mask> contributing lyrics to several songs on albums such as The Fox, 21 at 33 and Jump Up!. However, by 1983's Too Low for Zero, the two renewed their partnership on a full-time basis and from that point forward <mask> was again John's primary lyricist for his solo releases.John often works with other lyricists on specific theatrical or film projects such as 1994's The Lion King and 2000's Aida, both of which featured lyrics by Tim Rice, and 2005's Billy Elliot, which has script and lyrics by the original film's screenwriter, Lee Hall. Hall also wrote the screenplay for Elton John biopic Rocketman, in which <mask> features as a major character. <mask> wrote the lyrics for "Rocket Man", "Levon", "Crocodile Rock", "Honky Cat", "Tiny Dancer", "Candle in the Wind", "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting", "Bennie and the Jets", "Goodbye Yellow Brick Road", "Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters", "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "The Bitch is Back", "Daniel", and 1970's "Your Song", their first hit. Hits in the 1980s include "I'm Still Standing", "I Guess That's Why They Call It The Blues", "Sad Songs", and "Nikita." In the 1990s, <mask> and John had more hits, including "The One", "Simple Life", "The Last Song", "Club at the End of the Street" and "Believe." In September 1997, <mask> rewrote the lyrics of "Candle in the Wind" for "Candle in the Wind 1997", a tribute to the late Diana, Princess of

masks: Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin


title: Bernie Taupin

texts: Wales. The 1991 film documentary Two Rooms described the <mask> writing style, which involves <mask> writing the lyrics on his own and John then putting them to music, with no further interaction between the two.The process is still fundamentally the same, with John composing to <mask>'s words, but the two interact on songs far more today, with <mask> joining John in the studio as the songs are written and occasionally during recording sessions. <mask> and John had their first Broadway musical open in March 2006 with Lestat: The Musical. <mask> wrote lyrics for 10 songs (and an 11th completed non-album track "Across the River Thames") for John's 2006 album The Captain & The Kid (sequel to Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy) and appeared on the cover with him for the first time marking their 40th anniversary of working together. ("Across the River Thames" was issued as an Internet-only download as a bonus with certain editions of The Captain & the Kid.) On 25 March 2007, <mask> made a surprise appearance at John's 60th birthday celebration at Madison Square Garden, briefly discussing their 40-year songwriting partnership. Of <mask>'s importance to their careers, as recorded on the Elton 60 – Live at Madison Square Garden DVD, John told the audience that without <mask> there probably would not be an 'Elton John' as the public has come to know him. <mask> and John also composed several songs for The Union, a collaboration album between Elton and his longtime hero Leon Russell released in October 2010.They also collaborated on five original songs for the 2011 Miramax movie Gnomeo and Juliet, including the

masks:
John Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin
Taupin


title: Bernie Taupin

texts:
 Golden Globe-nominated "Hello Hello". <mask> and John's most-recent album collaboration is Wonderful Crazy Night, released in 2016. In 2018, <mask> and John collaborated on two original songs for the animated film Sherlock Gnomes. In 2019, the movie Rocketman was released, containing an original song written by <mask> and John for the film, "(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again", which plays over the closing credits. The film depicts the personal friendship of <mask> (played by Jamie Bell) and John during the 1970s and 1980s. They later won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for the song "(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again". Collaboration with other artists
In addition to writing for Elton John, <mask> has also written lyrics for use by other composers, with notable successes including "We Built This City", which was recorded by Starship, and "These Dreams," recorded by Heart (both of which were collaborations with English composer/musician Martin Page).In 1978, he co-wrote the album From the Inside with Alice Cooper. <mask> has also produced American Gothic for singer-songwriter David Ackles. Released in 1972, it did not enjoy big sales, but the album was highly acclaimed by music critics in the US and UK. The influential British music critic Derek Jewell of the UK Sunday Times described the album as being "the Sgt. Pepper of folk." Of Ackles's four albums, it was the only one recorded in England rather than in the United States. <mask> and Ackles had become acquainted when Ackles was selected to be the co-headlining act for Elton John's 1970 American debut at the Troubadour in Los Angeles.<mask> was mentioned specifically

masks: Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin Taupin


title: Bernie Taupin

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 as being one of the reasons American Gothic was selected by the writers and editors for inclusion in the book, 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. He also collaborated on the book Burning Cold with photographer Gary Bernstein. In the late 1980s and early 1990s <mask> also collaborated with French American musician, Josquin Des Pres (20th century musician) on at least 13 songs in his collection that have been performed and recorded by artists worldwide. In 2002, Willie Nelson and Kid Rock recorded "Last Stand in Open Country" for Nelson's album The Great Divide. The song was the title track of the first album from <mask>'s band Farm Dogs (see below). Nelson's album included two other Taupin songs, "This Face" and "Mendocino County Line". The latter, a duet between Nelson and Lee Ann Womack, was made into a video and released as the album's first single.The song won the 2003 Grammy for best vocal collaboration in country music. In 2004, he co-wrote Courtney Love's song "Uncool", from her 2004 debut solo album America's Sweetheart. In 2005, he co-wrote the title track to What I Really Want For Christmas with Brian Wilson for his first seasonal album. In 2006, he won a Golden Globe Award for his lyrics to the song "A Love That Will Never Grow Old" from the film Brokeback Mountain. The music of the song was composed by Argentine producer and songwriter Gustavo Santaolalla. Works as a performer

Solo albums
 1971 – Taupin
 1980 – He Who Rides the Tiger
 1987 – Tribe

With Farm Dogs
 1996 – Last Stand in Open Country
 1998 – Immigrant Sons

In 1971, <mask> recorded a spoken-word album titled Taupin, in which he

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title: Bernie Taupin

texts: recites some of his early poems against a background of impromptu, sitar-heavy music created by some members of Elton's band, including Davey Johnstone and Caleb Quaye. Side one, "Child", contains poems about his early childhood in southern Lincolnshire.The first poem, "The Greatest Discovery," which looks at his birth from the perspective of his older brother Tony, was also set to music by Elton John and included on Elton's eponymous second album, Elton John. There are poems about <mask>'s first two childhood homes, Flatters and Rowston Manor, and others about his relationship with his brother and grandfather. Side Two includes a variety of poems of varying obscurity, from a marionette telling her own story to a rat catcher who falls victim to his prey. <mask> stated in interviews that he was not pleased with the album. In 1980, <mask> recorded his first album as a singer, He Who Rides the Tiger. The album failed to make a dent in the charts. <mask> later suggested in interviews that he did not have the creative control he would have liked over the album.In 1987, he recorded another album, Tribe. The songs were co-written with Martin Page. "Citizen Jane" and "Friend of the Flag" were released as singles. Videos of both singles featured Rene Russo, the sister of Toni, his wife at that time. In 1996, <mask> formed a band called Farm Dogs, whose two albums were conscious (and successful) throwbacks to the grittier, earthier sound of Tumbleweed Connection. While <mask> wrote the lyrics, the music was a collaborative effort among the band members. Their first album, 1996's Last Stand in Open Country, received


title: Bernie Taupin

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 critical praise but little airplay.The title track was later recorded by Willie Nelson and Kid Rock for Nelson's 2002 album The Great Divide. In 1998, Farm Dogs released its second and final album, Immigrant Sons. The album was unsuccessful despite a tour of small clubs across America. Non-musical projects
In 1973, <mask> collected all his lyrics up through the Goodbye Yellow Brick Road album into a book, <mask>: The One Who Writes the Words for Elton John. In addition to the lyrics from the albums, this book contained the lyrics to all the single B-sides, various rarities, and <mask>'s 1970 spoken-word album. The songs are illustrated by various artists, friends, and celebrity guests such as John Lennon and Joni Mitchell. The book is in black & white except for the cover.In 1977, <mask> collaborated with rock photographer David Nutter on It's A Little Bit Funny, adding text and helping chronicle Elton John's year-long Louder Than Concorde Tour. The now-collectible book was published in hard and soft cover editions by Penguin Books. It collects the better part of one year's worth of personal adventures and memories of Elton and the band, aboard his private plane, on the beaches of Barbados, at backstage gatherings and in some quieter off-stage moments with friends (including some famous faces that Elton and <mask> met and palled around with in their travels). In 1978, <mask> also appeared in an episode of The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, "The Hardy Boys & Nancy Drew Meet Dracula", singing backup to Shaun Cassidy. In 1988, <mask> published an autobiography of his childhood, A Cradle of Haloes: Sketches of a

masks:
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Bernie Taupin
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Bernie
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title: Bernie Taupin

texts:
 Childhood. The book was released only in the UK. It tells the tale of a childhood fuelled by fantasy in rural Lincolnshire in the 1950s and 1960s, ending in 1969 as <mask> gets on the train to seek his fortune in London.In 1991, <mask> self-published a book of poems called The Devil at High Noon. In 1994, <mask>'s lyrics up through the Made in England album were collected into a hardcover book, Elton John & Bernie Taupin: The Complete Lyrics, published by Hyperion. However, it does not appear that <mask> was intimately involved in this project, as it contains multiple misspellings and outright misrenderings of the lyrics. It is also missing some of the rarities and B-sides found in the earlier collection. As with the 1973 collection, the songs are illustrated by various artists, this time in full colour throughout. In 1992, <mask> was asked to produce a benefit for AIDS Project Los Angeles. The event featured no songs written by the writer, instead opening with an acoustic set of performances of material chosen by the performers followed by selections from the musical West Side Story, chosen for its "timeless message of tolerance that is relevant to every decade."Bibliography
 1971 – The Songs of Elton John and <mask> (sheet music)
 1973 – <mask>: The One Who Writes the Words for Elton John
 1977 – Elton: It's a Little Bit Funny
 1991 – Two Rooms: Elton John and <mask>

Visual art career
In addition to his music, much of his time is spent creating his visual art. Attributing his passion for art to his mother, Daphne, Taupin began displaying and selling his original artwork in 2010. Consisting of large, mixed

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title: Bernie Taupin

texts:
 media, contemporary assemblages, the art has been shown and collected across the United States and Canada. <mask>'s artwork has been seen at Art Miami, Art Southampton, the LA Art Fair, and in various galleries. His artwork often incorporates the American flag. Personal life

<mask> has been married four times, his first three marriages having ended in divorce. His wives were: Maxine Feibelman (1971–76); Toni Lynn Russo (1979–91), sister of actress Rene Russo; Stephanie Haymes Roven (1993–98), daughter of entertainers Dick Haymes and Fran Jeffries; and Heather Kidd (March 2004–present), with whom he has two daughters, Charley Indiana and Georgey Devon.<mask> moved to the United States from England in the mid-1970s and became a US citizen in 1990. He lives in Santa Barbara County, California. <mask> was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2022 New Year Honours for services to music. See also
List of songs with lyrics by <mask>

References

External links

 Spots related to <mask>'s life and career
 "<mask>: 'Lyricist? I think of myself as a storyteller'," The Telegraph, 16 September 2013

1950 births
Living people
Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters
Golden Globe Award-winning musicians
Elton John
English lyricists
English people of French descent
English male poets
English male singer-songwriters
British soft rock musicians
People from Sleaford, Lincolnshire
Singers from London
English emigrants to the United States
People with acquired American citizenship
Musicians from Lincolnshire
People from Santa Barbara County, California
Commanders of the Order of the

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title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts: <mask> (born 9 March 1949) is a social psychologist and a pioneer in the field of cultural psychology. She is the Davis-Brack Professor in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in Stanford, California. She is also a founder and faculty director of Stanford SPARQ, a "do tank" that partners with industry leaders to tackle disparities and inspire culture change using insights from behavioral science. She is a founder and former director of the Research Institute of the Center for Comparative Studies in Race and Ethnicity (CCSRE). Her research focuses on how culture shapes mind and behavior. She examines how many forms of culture (e.g., region of origin, ethnicity, race, social class, gender and occupation) influence the self, and in turn, how we think, feel, and act. <mask> is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and a Corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.A former president of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, she is a recipient of the Donald T. Campbell Award, the Society of Experimental Social Psychology Distinguished Scientist Award, and the American Psychological Association Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award. <mask> is a Fellow of the American

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Hazel June Linda Rose Markus
Markus
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title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts:
 Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science. Recent books include Doing Race: 21 Essays for the 21st Century, Facing Social Class: How Societal Rank Influences Interaction, and Clash! : How to Thrive in a Multicultural World. Biography
<mask> was born <mask> <mask> in London, England. Her family later moved to Southern California. She received her bachelor's degree in psychology from San Diego State University, where she initially wanted to pursue a career in journalism.Following a demonstration in a Psychology 101 class on the formidable power of expectations to shape what you see and hear, she changed her major to psychology, holding onto her fascination with the role of the media and other aspects of culture in shaping the self. She earned her doctorate in social psychology from the University of Michigan, where she later became a faculty member in the psychology department and a research scientist at the Research Center for Group Dynamics at the Institute for Social Research and where together with Richard Nisbett she established the Culture and Cognition Program. With her husband, the late social psychologist Robert Zajonc, <mask> moved to the Stanford department of psychology in 1994. Research contributions
<mask>' most

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Markus
Hazel June
Linda Rose
Markus
Markus


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts:
 psychologists <mask>, together with social and cultural psychologist Shinobu Kitayama, has expanded the field of cultural psychology and examined how individuals’ many cultural contexts both shape and reflect individuals' emotions, cognitions, motivations,  relationships, as well as their physical and mental health and their well-being. Independent and interdependent selves
<mask> and Kitayama distinguished between independent and interdependent selves, and among the different types of social contexts that give rise to these different ways of being a self or an agent. Selves in European American middle class contexts, for example, tend to emphasize independence and to view people as fundamentally separate individuals, unique, influencing others and their environments, free from constraints, and equal to others. Selves crafted in more interdependent national contexts such as Japan, by contrast, tend to view people as fundamentally relational, similar to others, adjusting to their situations, rooted in traditions and obligations, and ranked in hierarchies.People in all contexts become selves through their interactions with others and the social context. The difference rests with the nature of their relationships with others and their contexts. With former

masks: Markus Markus


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts:
 students and colleagues, <mask> validated the distinction between independent and interdependent ways of being with many laboratory studies comparing people in middle class European American contexts with those in East or South Asian contexts, showing, for example how cultural contexts influence choice, i.e., what is chosen, what choice means, the consequences of exercising choice or having choice denied, and how the opportunity for expression of preferences  through choice is particularly characteristic of European American middle class contexts. <mask> was among the first in social psychology to investigate social class as a significant cultural context and reveal how the ideas and practices of well-resourced middle or upper class contexts tend to foster independent selves, while ideas and practices common in less resourced, low income or  working class contexts tend to foster interdependent selves. These studies also illuminate the powerful role of mainstream institutions in the U.S, such as universities, in fostering independent ways of being. The culture cycle
Their research conceptualizes cultures as multilayered cycles of individuals, interactions, institutions, and ideas. Different blends of these culture cycles create different forms of


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts: agency.As described by <mask> and Conner, the culture cycle is a model that represents culture as a system of four interacting layers. Culture includes the ideas, institutions, and interactions that guide individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and actions. From the left side, the ideas, institutions, and interactions of an individual’s mix of cultures shapes the “I”, so that a person thinks, feels, and acts in ways that reflect and perpetuate these cultures. From the right side, I’s (i.e., individuals, selves, minds) create (i.e., reinforce, resist, change) cultures to which other people adapt. The “individuals level” is the usual focus of psychologists and includes thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, feelings, emotions, biases, motives, goals, identities, and self-concepts. The “interactions level” is the part of the culture cycle in which most people live their lives. As people interact with other people and with human-made products (artifacts), their ways of life manifest in everyday situations that follow seldom-spoken norms about the right ways to behave at home, school, work, worship, and play.The next layer of culture is made up of the “institutions” level,” within which everyday interactions take place. Institutions spell out and formalize the roles for a


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts: society and include government, religious, legal, economic, education, and scientific institutions. The last and most abstract layer of the culture cycle is the “ideas level,” and it is made up of the pervasive, often invisible, historically derived and collectively held ideologies, beliefs, values, narratives and mindsets  about what is good, right, moral, natural, powerful, real and necessary. These ideas inform institutions, interactions, and ultimately, the I’s. Culture cycles are embedded in ecological systems, and all of the systems—within the individual and without—are coevolving. <mask> and Conner analyzed eight cultural divides that are consequential for people’s answers to the universal questions of identity and belonging (i.e., “who am i/are we?”). These include: East versus West, Global North versus Global South, men versus women, rich versus poor, whites versus people of color, businesses versus governments and nonprofits, liberal religious groups versus conservative religious groups, and coasts versus heartlands.Using a blend of experiments, surveys, and analyses of cultural products, they show that one set of culture cycles (i.e., those of the West, the Global North, men, the rich or middle-class, whites, businesses, liberal religious


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts:
 groups, and the coasts) tend to promote independence, while the culture cycles of the less well-resourced and less powerful sides of these divides tend to promote interdependence. Any given person’s social orientation toward independence or interdependence will depend on that person’s mix of these culture cycles and on which ones are salient at a given time or situation. Given the hegemony of independence in American ideas and institutions, along with the historical dominance of color, culture and gender blindness, the more interdependent tendencies that  arise from intersections of national culture with social class, race and ethnicity, and gender may go unrecognized and can be misunderstood and stigmatized. Race and diversity
<mask> has also explored concepts of race, ethnicity, diversity, colorblindness and multiculturalism. With literary scholar Paula Moya, she examined what race and ethnicity are, how they work, and why achieving a just society requires taking account of them. In their book, Doing Race, they emphasize that race is not something that people or groups have, or are, but rather a set of actions that people do. Specifically, race is a dynamic system of historically-derived and institutionalized ideas and practices.She has studied both


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts:
 the pride and prejudice consequences of racial identities, mixed racial identities, and the role of narratives and practices of colorblindness and multiculturalism. At Stanford SPARQ, <mask> and co-director Jennifer Eberhardt work with research scientists to  design and implement programs and interventions that address police-community trust, trust and community building in universities, mobility from poverty, reducing bias in financial services, and  strategies for cultural change. Selected publications

Books
 Fein, S., Kassin, S., & <mask>, H. R. (2016). Social Psychology (10th ed.). New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin Company. <mask>, H. R., & Conner, A. L. (2014). Clash!How to thrive in a multicultural world. New York, NY: Penguin Group (Plume). Fiske, S. & <mask>, H. R. (2012). Facing social class: How societal rank influences interaction. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. <mask>, H. R., & Moya, P. (2010). Doing Race: 21 essays for the 21st century.New York, NY:  W. W. Norton & Co.
 Shweder, R., Minow, M., & <mask>, H. R. (2008). Just schools: Pursuing equal education in societies of difference. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Shweder, R., Minow, M., & <mask>, H. R. (Eds.) (2002). Engaging cultural differences: The multicultural challenge

masks: Markus Markus Markus Markus Markus Markus Markus


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts:
 in liberal democracies.New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. Kitayama, S., & <mask>, H. R. (Eds.) (1994). Emotion and culture: Empirical studies of mutual influence. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Jones, E. E., Farina, A., Hastorf, A., <mask>, H., Miller, D., & Scott, R. (1984).Social stigma: The psychology of marked relationships. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman & Co.

Journal articles

 Hamedani, M. G., <mask>, H. R., & Fu, A. S. (2013). In the land of the free, interdependent action undermines motivation. Psychological Science. Stephens, N. M., <mask>, H. R., & Fryberg, S. A. (2012). Social class disparities in health and education: Reducing inequality by applying a sociocultural self model of behavior.Psychological Review, 119(4), 723-744. Plaut, V. C., <mask>, H. R., Treadway, J. R., & Fu, A. S. (2012). The cultural construction of self and well-being: A tale of two cities. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(12), 1644-1658. Stephens, N. M., Fryberg, S. A., <mask>, H. R., Johnson, C. S., & Covarrubias, R. (2012). Unseen disadvantage: How the American universities’ focus on independence undermines the academic performance of first-generation college students. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 102,

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title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts: 1178-1197.Savani, K., Stephens, N., & <mask>, H.R. (2011). The unanticipated interpersonal and societal consequences of choice: Victim-blaming and reduced support for the public good. Psychological Science, 22(6), 795-802. <mask>, H. R. (2010). Who am I? : Race, ethnicity and identity.In H. <mask> & P. Moya (Eds. ), Doing race: 21 essays for the 21st century. New York: W.W. Norton. Savani, K., <mask>, H. R., Naidu, N. V. R., Kumar, S., & Berlia, N. (2010). What counts as a choice? U.S. Americans are more likely than Indians to construe actions as choices. Psychological Science, 14(3), 391-398.Stephens, N., Hamedani, M., <mask>, H., Bergsieker, H. B., & Eloul, L. (2009). Why did they “choose” to stay? Perspectives of Hurricane Katrina observers and survivors. Psychological Science, 20, 878-886. Savani, K., <mask>, H., & Conner A. L. (2008). Let your preference be your guide? Preferences and choices are more tightly linked for North Americans than for Indians.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(4), 861-876. <mask>, H. (2008). Pride, prejudice, and ambivalence: Toward a unified theory of race and ethnicity. American Psychologist, 63(8), 651-670. Schwartz, B., <mask>, H. R., & Snibbe, A. C. (2006). Is freedom just another word for many things to

masks: Markus Markus Markus Markus Markus Markus Markus Markus


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts: buy? The New York Times.February 26. Conner Snibbe, A., & <mask>, H. R. (2005). You can’t always get what you want: Social class, agency and choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88(4), 703-720. Adams, G., & <mask>, H. R. (2004). Toward a conception of culture suitable for a social psychology of culture. In M. Schaller & C. S. Crandall (Eds.), The psychological foundations of culture (pp. 335–360). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. <mask>, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (2003). Models of agency: Sociocultural diversity in the construction of action. In V. Murphy-Berman & J. Berman (Eds. ), The 49th Annual Nebraska symposium on motivation: Cross-cultural differences in perspectives on self (pp.1–57). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. Kim, H., & <mask>, H. R. (2002). Freedom of speech and freedom of silence: A cultural analysis of talking. In R. Shweder, M. Minow, & H. <mask> (Eds. ), Engaging cultural differences: The multicultural challenge in liberal democracies (pp. 432–452).New York: Russell Sage Foundation. <mask>, H. R., Steele, C. M., & Steele, D. M. (2000). Colorblindness as a barrier to inclusion: Assimilation and nonimmigrant minorities. Daedalus, 129(4), 233-259. Kim, H., & <mask>, H. R. (1999). Deviance or uniqueness,


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts: harmony or conformity? A cultural analysis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(4), 785-800. Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., <mask>, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999). Is there a universal need for positive self-regard? Psychological Review, 106(4), 766-794. Fiske, A., Kitayama, S., <mask>, H. R., & Nisbett, R. E. (1998). The cultural matrix of social psychology. In D. Gilbert, S. Fiske, & G. Lindzey (Eds.), The Handbook of Social Psychology, Vol. 2 (4th ed., pp. 915–981). San Francisco: McGraw-Hill. <mask>, H. R., Kitayama, S., & Heiman, R. (1997). Culture and “basic” psychological principles. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 857–913). New York: Guilford. <mask>, H. R., Mullally, P., & Kitayama, S. (1997). Selfways: Diversity in modes of cultural participation. In U. Neisser & D. Jopling (Eds. ), The conceptual self in context: Culture, experience, self-understanding (pp.13–61). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <mask>, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1994). A collective fear of the collective: Implications for selves and theories of selves. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 568-579. Oyserman, D., & <mask>, H. R. (1993). The sociocultural self.In J. Suls (Ed. ), Psychological


title: Hazel Rose Markus

texts:
 perspectives on the self (Vol. 4, pp. 187–220). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. <mask>, H., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.Psychological Review, 98, 224-253. <mask>, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969. <mask>, H., & Kunda, Z. (1986). Stability and malleability in the self-concept in the perception of others.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(4), 858-866. <mask>, H., & Zajonc, R. B. (1985). The cognitive perspective in social psychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds. ), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 137–229, 3rd ed.).New York: Random House. <mask>, H. (1980). The self in thought and memory. In D. M. Wegner & R. R. Vallacher (Eds. ), The self in social psychology (pp. 102–130). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Erlbaum.<mask>, H. (1977). Self-schemata and processing information about the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 63-78. References

External links

 Stanford homepage
 Possible Selves (pdf)

1949 births
American psychologists
American women psychologists
Social psychologists
Positive psychologists
University of Michigan faculty
Fellows of the American Psychological Association
Members of the United States National


title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
William Christopher "<mask>" <mask> (; born November 20, 1969) is an American football coach, currently serving as the head coach at Clemson University. <mask> took over midway through the 2008 season, following the resignation of Tommy Bowden. <mask> has led them to national championships in 2017 and 2019, and trails only Frank Howard for the most wins by a head coach in Clemson history. Playing career
<mask> was raised in Pelham, Alabama, and attended the University of Alabama, where he joined the Crimson Tide football program as a walk-on wide receiver in 1989. He earned a scholarship and lettered on three teams (1990–1992), including the Crimson Tide's 1992 National Championship team. During his time as an undergraduate at Alabama, <mask> was twice named an Academic All-SEC and SEC Scholar Athlete Honor Roll member. In three seasons at Alabama, he caught 7 passes for 81 yards.He received his degree in commerce and business administration in 1993 as well as a master's degree in business administration from Alabama in 1995. <mask> was involved in Greek Life during college, and was initiated as a brother of the Pi Kappa Alpha. Coaching career

Alabama
While completing work on his MBA, <mask> served as a graduate assistant at Alabama under Gene Stallings. In December 1995, <mask> received his MBA from Alabama and became a full-time assistant coach for the Crimson Tide in charge of wide receivers and tight ends. He retained these posts under Stallings' successor, Mike DuBose. He was fired with all of DuBose's staff in early 2001. <mask> sat out the 2001 season while receiving his contractual payments from Alabama.His former strength coach at Alabama, Rich Wingo, had become president of Birmingham-based AIG Baker Real Estate and offered him a job. From April 2001 through February 2003, he did not coach and instead worked for AIG Baker Real Estate on development projects in Alabama. Clemson
In 2002, Tommy Bowden—<mask>'s former position coach at Alabama— offered him the position of wide receivers

masks: Dabo Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney


title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
 coach at Clemson, and <mask> joined in 2003. He also took over as recruiting coordinator from popular longtime coordinator Rick Stockstill. <mask> proved to be both an excellent wide receivers coach as well as recruiting coordinator, coaching ACC-leading receivers and being named one of the nation's top 25 recruiters in 2007 by Rivals.com. 2008 season

<mask> was named the interim head football coach on October 13, 2008, after head coach Tommy Bowden resigned six games into the season. The Tigers had started the year ranked #9 in the preseason polls, but then went 3–3 (1–2 ACC) in their first six games.At the time he was informed of his promotion, he was working with the wide receivers on their upcoming game. With a reputation as a top-notch recruiter, Swinney was chosen over Clemson defensive coordinator Vic Koenning (former head coach of Wyoming), and associate head coach Brad Scott (former head coach of South Carolina). <mask>'s first actions as interim head coach were to fire offensive coordinator Rob Spence and introduce a new tradition, the "Tiger Walk", where all players and coaches walk through the parking lot outside Memorial Stadium about two hours before a game as they head inside for final game preparations. On October 18, in his first game as interim Head Coach, the team lost to Georgia Tech 21–17. On November 1, 2008, <mask> claimed his first victory as the Tigers' head coach by defeating Boston College, breaking Clemson's six-game losing streak against the Eagles. On November 29, 2008, <mask> coached Clemson to a 31–14 win over South Carolina in the annual rivalry game, after which Clemson became bowl eligible. After a vote of confidence from athletic director Terry Don Phillips, <mask> was formally named as Clemson's 27th head coach on December 1, 2008.In his first game as the full-time head coach, he lost the 2009 Gator Bowl to the Nebraska Cornhuskers 26–21. <mask>'s recruiting reputation became evident when he produced five top-20 ESPN recruiting classes in a row, including

masks: Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney


title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
 top 10 classes in 2011 and 2012. As a result, Clemson was one of only 10 schools to be ranked in the top 20 of recruiting five years in a row (along with LSU, Alabama, Texas, USC, Florida, Georgia, Florida State, Ohio State, and Oklahoma), and as of 2014 <mask> was one of only four active head coaches at the time to accomplish the feat (along with Nick Saban, Les Miles, and Bob Stoops). Despite his recruiting reputation, <mask> was an unpopular hire among some Clemson fans. Some fans and pundits noted that he had never been more than a position coach. Others were skeptical that Clemson had opted to retain one of Bowden's assistants. 2009 season

During the 2009 season, which was <mask>'s first full season at the helm, Clemson achieved several accomplishments.The 2009 team finished the season with a record of 9–5 (6–2 in ACC) to win the Atlantic Division title of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The 2009 season included three marquee wins: a win over #8 Miami (FL) in overtime on the road, a 16-point win over Florida State at home, and a win over Kentucky 21–13 in the 2009 Music City Bowl. <mask> coached the Clemson Tigers to a #24 AP Top 25 final season ranking for the 2009 football season. 2010 season

In 2010, <mask> led Clemson to a 6–6 (4–4 in ACC) regular season. Of the 6 losses in the 2010 season, 5 were by less than 10 points and 4 were by 6 points or less. The season included close losses to Cam Newton and the eventual national champion Auburn Tigers (27–24 on the road in OT), and the eventual division champion Florida State Seminoles (16–13 on a 55-yard, time-expiring field goal on the road). After the conclusion of the regular season, many fans called for the firing of both <mask> and athletic director Terry Don Phillips.<mask> would say years later he expected to be fired after the regular season ended with a loss to South Carolina. Phillips instead gave <mask> another vote of confidence and allowed him to return for the 2011 season. Discontent with <mask> grew even more after a bowl

masks: Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney


title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
 loss to South Florida made Clemson's final record 6–7, Clemson's first losing season since 1998. <mask>, who was 19–15, entered the 2011 season widely considered to be a coach on the hot seat. Despite a disappointing 6–7 record, the 2010 team featured one of the nation's top defenses and the Bronko Nagurski and Ted Hendricks award winner, Da'Quan Bowers. 2011 season

In 2011, <mask> led the Tigers to a 10–3 record that included an ACC Championship, the Tigers' first since 1991. They earned a trip to the Orange Bowl, their first major-bowl appearance since the 1981 national championship season.During a pre-game ESPN interview prior to the 2012 Orange Bowl, <mask> said, "Hopefully when this thing is over, people are going to be talking about the Clemson defense." The comment proved to be prescient as #15 Clemson went on to lose to the #23 West Virginia Mountaineers, 70–33, conceding an all-time record number of points scored in a quarter (35), half (49) and game (70) in the 109-year history of bowl games. Defensive coordinator Kevin Steele was fired after the game. Part of <mask>'s success the past three years was the 2011 offensive coordinator hire of Chad Morris, who was originally seen as a risk as most of his coaching experience had been on the high school level. Morris brought in a fast-paced, up-tempo offense that shattered many Clemson offensive records. <mask> was the 2011 winner of the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award, which was established to honor the NCAA Division 1 football coach whose team excels on the field, in the classroom, and in the community. The award is named for Bobby Dodd, longtime head football coach of the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets.The award was established in 1976 to honor the values that Dodd exemplified. 2012 season

In 2012, <mask> led Clemson to its first 11-win season since the 1981 national championship year, capping the year off with an upset victory over the #8 LSU Tigers in the Chick-fil-A Bowl. The Tigers finished the year at 11–2, ranked 9th in the

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