title: John Dale (minister)

texts:
 he and his wife "didn't agree on everything." Critics pointed out that <mask>'s participation in the event coupled with the conciliatory message he delivered only served to assist the Catholic Church in their ecumenical effort to improve their image. They identified this as a violation of Eph.5:11 and 2 <mask> 9. Criticism came from conservative commentators such as Michael Heath,  Walter W. Pigg, and non-institutionalist Brian Yeager. In his response to one letter of protest from Walter Pigg, <mask> distinguished his role at the event as "communication," and attempted to distance himself from the term "fellowship:"

My presence and participation in the program at St. Leo's was intended as the seizing of an opportunity to communicate with some of my religious neighbors with whom I do not share fellowship, but with whom I sincerely seek more and better discussion. However, during his participation in the event <mask> made no attempt to point out that he did not share fellowship with them. The same critic of <mask> brought the issue up again in April 2001, following his appointment to the Board of Trustees of Freed-Hardeman University, aligning <mask> with "liberal" figures such as Walt Leaver, Randy Harris, and F. LaGard Smith, and expressing disdain for the faculties of David Lipscomb University and Freed-Hardeman University. Media
According to his church's web site, <mask> is heard on a daily radio program on local radio station WNBS in Murray, Kentucky (which derives its call sign from the initials of local 19th century pre-Marconi wireless (induction) voice telephony pioneer Nathan B. Stubblefield.)References

External links
Glendale Road Church of Christ

American religious leaders
Ministers of the Churches of Christ
American members of the Churches of Christ
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Murray State University alumni
Vanderbilt University alumni
Freed–Hardeman

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Dale
John
Dale
Dale
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Dale
John Dale


title: Alexander P. Anderson

type: original

texts:
<mask> (November 23, 1862 – May 7, 1943) was an American plant physiologist, botanist, educator and inventor. His scientific experiments led to the discovery of "puffed rice", a starting point for a new breakfast cereal that was later advertised as "Food Shot From Guns". Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born  in Featherstone Township, Goodhue County, Minnesota. His parents <mask> and Britta Maria (Gustafsdotter) <mask> were Swedish-American immigrant. He grew up in Spring Creek Valley, ten miles from Red Wing, Minnesota. He seemed destined to follow his father into farming but changed course at twenty-seven, entering the University of Minnesota in 1890 to study agriculture. As a college senior in 1894, <mask> invented a "self-registering balance" that was bought by Bausch & Lomb Optical Company.Encouraged by his instructors, <mask> earned a master's degree in plant physiology in 1897. He then traveled to Munich, Germany, in June 1895 to study with leading botanists, earning a doctorate  at the University of Munich in plant physiology. A loan from his cousin, future Minnesota Governor John Lind helped fund the trip. Puffed rice
After completing his studies, <mask> accepted a position at Clemson Agricultural College and taught in South Carolina from 1896 to 1899. In 1901 he became the Curator of the Herbarium at Columbia University, which allowed him to do research at the New York Botanical Garden. He believed that a tiny speck of free water would be found in the nucleus of a starch crystal. To prove this, he tried an experiment in December 1901.He heated starch granules that were sealed in a glass tube until they showed signs of browning. <mask>

masks:
Alexander Pierce Anderson
Anderson
John Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


title: Alexander P. Anderson

texts: theorized the water inside each grain would turn to steam. He suspected that a reaction within the starch would occur if he broke the tube and set the steam free. The scientist smashed the glass and the resulting explosion produced a stick of pure puffed starch. <mask>'s new breakfast food would make him a nationally known figure and the face of a Quaker Oats advertising campaign for almost a decade. <mask> traveled to Minneapolis for a meeting set up by John Lind and William C. Edgar (1856-1932),  editor of Northwestern Miller magazine. <mask> knew he needed investors if he was to turn his puffing process into a usable product.A group of twenty wealthy businessman offered support. They gave him a laboratory at Minneapolis Steel and Machinery Company to experiment with his ideas. <mask> took a four-by-thirty-six-inch gas pipe and sealed it with pipe heads on each end, one removable. He placed raw rice inside and rotated the cylinder while heating it. When a gauge showed what he felt was enough pressure, <mask> used a sledgehammer to knock loose the removable head. A shower of puffed rice burst from the device. The Minneapolis backers, though interested, sold their shares of the process to Quaker Oats Company.Quaker gave <mask> a Chicago laboratory but took little interest in his discoveries. <mask> finally captured attention at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. He brought eight bronze, twenty-inch-long cylinders that appeared to many onlookers to be small cannons. <mask> loaded each "cannon" with six pounds of raw rice and applied heat. When he uncapped them, a blizzard of expanded rice showered into a two-story-high, forty-foot-wide cage. Helpers bagged the rice

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Alexander P. Anderson

texts:
 and sold it for a nickel to delighted onlookers. By fair's end, <mask>'s team had puffed more than 20,000 pounds of rice and sold a quarter-million packages.He obtained patents on the process and started the Anderson Puffed Rice Company in 1905. American Cereal, a subsidiary the Quaker Oats Company, sold his new product as a breakfast cereal called Puffed Rice. Two years later Quaker Oats took over production. <mask> partnered with Quaker Oats and developed puffed rice and wheat products, including the cereal Quaker Crackles. Quaker Oats advertised puffed cereal as "<mask>. <mask>'s Gift". Quaker added Puffed Wheat to their line, proclaiming the ready-to-eat cereal as "The Eighth Wonder of the World". Later, the puffed grain would be nicknamed "Food Shot From Guns".Later years
<mask> married  Lydia McDougall Johnson (1876-1934) on August 11, 1898. <mask> and <mask> moved to the Red Wing area in 1915. <mask> built a laboratory on their Tower View Farm. The <mask>s raised four children while he conducted research. They also bought more land in the area; supported charities, notably the Vasa Children's Home; and endowed student scholarships.Anderson Puffed Rice Company remained in business until 1941. Over his career, <mask> conducted more than 15,000 experiments perfecting cereals and earned 25 United States patents and foreign patents. In 1943, <mask> died at the age of eighty.One of the <mask>'s children, <mask> <mask>, was married to Eugenie (<mask>) Moore who was appointed by President Harry S Truman as Ambassador to Denmark, the first woman appointed chief of mission at the ambassador level in American history. Anderson Center at Tower View
The former Tower

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Prof
Anderson
Anderson
Alexander
Lydia Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
John Pierce
Anderson
Anderson


title: Alexander P. Anderson

texts:
 View Farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on April 13, 1977. The property is now the location of the Anderson Center, site of a 700 residency program  for artists, writers, and scholars. The A. P. <mask> award is presented annually by the Anderson Center to recognize significant contributions to the cultural and artistic life of Minnesota. References

Other sources
<mask> autobiography, "Food Shot from Guns", 2-4, prepared for Quaker Oats Co., in "Testimony of Dr. <mask><mask> in Jersey Cereal Co. v. Quaker Oats Co.," Oct. 30, 1937, found in Alexander P. Anderson Papers, Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul. Johnson, Frederick L. "Interview Notes," Lydia Hedin and Jean Chesley, July 21, 2001. Related reading
Angell, Madeline   (1977) Red Wing, Minnesota: Saga of a River Town (Minneapolis, MN: Dillon Press)
Marton, Renee (2014) Rice: A Global History (Reaktion Books)

External links
Alexander P. Anderson Records (The New York Botanical Garden)

1862 births
1943 deaths
American inventors
American educators
American botanists
American people of Swedish descent
People from Goodhue County, Minnesota
Plant physiologists
Quaker Oats Company people
University of Minnesota College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Alexander P
. Anderson


title: Mo Williams

texts:
<mask> (born December 19, 1982) is an American former professional basketball player who played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful high school career at Murrah High School, <mask> attended college at the University of Alabama, where he led his team as a freshman to a 27–8 record, and also shared an SEC regular-season championship. After two seasons at Alabama, <mask> entered the 2003 NBA draft where he was selected with the 47th overall pick by the Utah Jazz. Throughout his career, he has also played for the Milwaukee Bucks, Los Angeles Clippers, Portland Trail Blazers, Minnesota Timberwolves, Charlotte Hornets and Cleveland Cavaliers. In 2009, <mask> was selected as an NBA All-Star. In 2016, he won his first NBA championship with the Cavaliers. He retired in 2017.In May 2018, <mask> became an assistant coach for the Cal State Northridge Matadors men's basketball team. In May 2020, he became the head coach for the Alabama State Hornets basketball team. College career
<mask> attended college at the University of Alabama under Mark Gottfried. In 2002 as a freshman, he started every game at point guard. <mask> averaged 10.4 points and 4.5 assists per game. His play helped lead the Crimson Tide to a 27–8 record, including a 17–0 home record, and the SEC regular-season championship. <mask> and the Crimson Tide entered the NCAA tournament as a No.2 seed, where they lost to Kent State 71–58 in the second round. <mask> led the team in scoring and assists, averaging 16.4 points and 3.8 assists per game for the 2003 season, which ended in a first-round loss in the NCAA tournament to Indiana. He subsequently earned third-team All-SEC. After two seasons, <mask> decided to forgo his final two years at Alabama and declare for the 2003 NBA draft. Professional career

Utah Jazz (2003–2004)
<mask> was selected by the Utah Jazz in the second round, 47th overall of the 2003 NBA

masks:
Maurice Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams


title: Mo Williams

texts:
 draft. He averaged 5 points and 1.3 assists for the Jazz in his rookie season. Milwaukee Bucks (2004–2008)

On August 8, 2004, the Milwaukee Bucks signed <mask>, who was a restricted free agent, to an offer sheet.On August 21, the Jazz decided to not match the Bucks' offer. Filling in for Bucks' injured starting point guard T. J. Ford, <mask> averaged 10.2 points and 6.1 assists during the 2004–05 season. In his new role coming off the bench for the up-and-coming Bucks team, he showed a knack for clutch plays, making several game-winning shots in the 2005–06 season. In the 2006 off-season, the Bucks traded Ford to the Toronto Raptors for power forward Charlie Villanueva. This opened up a position in the starting lineup for <mask>. In the first 19 games of the 2006-07 season, <mask> averaged 15.6 points, 5.1 rebounds and 6.2 assists in nearly 35 minutes per game, all career highs. In a December 20, 2006, Bucks game vs. the Miami Heat, <mask> recorded his first career triple-double with 19 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists.<mask> was a free agent in summer 2007, but decided to stay with the Bucks by signing a six-year, $52 million deal. Cleveland Cavaliers (2008–2011)

On August 13, 2008, <mask> was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in a three-team, six-player deal involving the Cavaliers, the Milwaukee Bucks, and the Oklahoma City Thunder that also sent Cleveland's Joe Smith and Milwaukee's Desmond Mason to Oklahoma City and sent Cleveland's Damon Jones and Oklahoma City's Luke Ridnour and Adrian Griffin to Milwaukee. Upon his arrival, he changed his jersey number to #2 because his traditional #25 was already retired by former Cavalier Mark Price. On February 10, 2009, <mask> was chosen to replace forward Chris Bosh in the 2009 NBA All-Star Game. He was the second alternate choice, after Ray Allen, who replaced an injured Jameer Nelson. On February 11, <mask> scored a then career high 44 points to go

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


title: Mo Williams

texts:
 along with 7 assists against the Phoenix Suns. During the 2008–09 season, <mask> helped the Cavaliers reach a league-leading 66–16 record.The team went 39–2 at the Quicken Loans Arena. After the departure of LeBron James, <mask> became a very vocal member of the Cavaliers. Amidst trade rumors, <mask> hinted on his Twitter account that he didn't wish to be traded. He also criticized the events surrounding LeBron's flight from Cleveland and even shot back at insults made to the Cavaliers by Miami Heat guard Dwyane Wade. On November 14, 2010, <mask> made his first buzzer beater as a Cavalier, to win the game 83-81 over his former team, the Milwaukee Bucks. It was a 15-foot shot over Brandon Jennings as time expired. He scored a total of 25 points in the game and was the team's leading scorer.Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2012)
On February 24, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Los Angeles Clippers along with Jamario <mask> in exchange for Baron Davis and a first round pick, which ended up being the first pick in the 2011 NBA draft, Kyrie Irving. With the Clippers, <mask> was immediately inserted into the starting lineup to play both guard positions, and was able to raise his averages in points-per-game and field goal percentage. The following season, the Clippers traded for Chris Paul and claimed Chauncey Billups off waivers, making <mask> the Clippers' new sixth man. He embraced the role and finished eighth in voting for NBA Sixth Man of the Year. Return to Utah Jazz (2012–2013)
On June 29, 2012, <mask> was traded back to the Jazz in a 4 team deal that sent Lamar Odom to the Los Angeles Clippers and the Utah Jazz's trade exception to the Dallas Mavericks. The Clippers also sent their second round pick Furkan Aldemir to the Houston Rockets. Portland Trail Blazers (2013–2014)
On August 8, 2013, <mask> signed with the Portland Trail Blazers.On November 23, 2013, in a game against the Warriors, <mask> was ejected

masks:
Williams
Williams
Mo
Williams
Williams
Moon
Williams
Williams
Mo Williams
Williams
Williams


title: Mo Williams

texts:
 along with teammate Wesley Matthews after getting involved in an altercation. He was subsequently suspended for one game. <mask> injured his groin in game two of the Trail Blazers' second round play-off match-up against the San Antonio Spurs. Minnesota Timberwolves (2014–2015)
On July 30, 2014, <mask> signed a one-year, $3.75 million contract with the Minnesota Timberwolves. On January 13, 2015, <mask> scored a career-high 52 points on 19-of-33 shooting, breaking the franchise single-game scoring record set by Kevin Love and Corey Brewer by one point in a 110–102 win over the Indiana Pacers. This was just the third time in <mask>' career that he scored more than 40 points in a game. He subsequently earned Western Conference Player of the Week honors for the week of January 12–18.Charlotte Hornets (2015)
On February 10, 2015, <mask> was traded, along with Troy Daniels and cash considerations, to the Charlotte Hornets in exchange for Gary Neal and a 2019 second-round draft pick. He made his debut for the Hornets on February 21 against the Oklahoma City Thunder, recording 24 points and 12 assists in a 110–103 loss. <mask> continued to play well as he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, March 2 through Sunday, March 8. <mask>, who led the Hornets to the NBA's only 4–0 record in the week, was previously named Western Conference Player of the Week on January 19 while playing for the Timberwolves, making him the first player to earn the honor in both conferences in the same season since the award was split into two conferences starting with the 2001–02 season. Over the four-game week, <mask> averaged 19.5 points and 10.8 assists in 35.5 minutes played, while shooting .429 from the field (24-56), .375 from beyond the three-point line (9-24) and .913 from the free throw line (21-23). The only Eastern Conference player to average double figures in assists, he also posted an

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


title: Mo Williams

texts:
 assist-to-turnover ratio of 4.78. Return to Cleveland (2015–2017)
On July 10, 2015, <mask> signed a two-year, $4.3 million contract with the Cleveland Cavaliers, returning to the franchise for a second stint and reuniting him with LeBron James.In his first game for the Cavaliers since 2011, <mask> recorded 19 points and 7 assists, filling in for the injured Kyrie Irving as a starter in the team's season opening loss to the Chicago Bulls on October 27. Over the Cavaliers' first 23 games of the season, <mask> played in 20 of them and started in 14. Over that stretch, he averaged 13.0 points and 4.1 assists in 27.6 minutes per game, as he shared the point guard role with Matthew Dellavedova. However, upon the return of Kyrie Irving from injury on December 20, <mask>' role decreased and his minutes were drastically reduced, partially due to suffering from his own injury, a torn ligament in his right thumb. On January 12, he was excused by the team from their game in Dallas to tend to a personal matter. He started seeing more minutes in early February, but following the All-Star break, he appeared in just one game between February 18 and March 24 due to swelling in his left knee after being diagnosed with chondromalacia. He made his return to the line-up on March 26 against the New York Knicks, scoring eight points in 13 minutes off the bench.However, in early April, he began experiencing discomfort and increased soreness in his left knee, forcing him to miss more time. <mask> received limited playing time during the Cavaliers' playoff run, a run that saw the team reach the 2016 NBA Finals with a 12–2 record. <mask> made his first appearance in the NBA Finals during a Game 1 loss to the Golden State Warriors. Despite the Cavaliers going down 3–1 in the series following a Game 4 loss, they went on to win the series in seven games to become the first team in NBA history to win the championship after being

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


title: Mo Williams

texts:
 down 3–1. On June 14, 2016, before the end of the 2016 NBA Finals, <mask> exercised his player option with the Cavaliers for the 2016–17 season. <mask> originally declared that the 2016–17 season would be his last, but on September 26, 2016, he announced his intentions to retire from the NBA. However, he never officially signed retirement papers and instead remained on the Cavaliers' roster.Not being a rotation player in 2015–16 for the first time had been the most challenging time of <mask>' career, and while the departure of Matthew Dellavedova in the 2016 off-season opened a spot at point guard, the Cavaliers drafted Kay Felder in the 2016 draft, which would have left <mask> a third-string point guard for a second straight season. <mask> did not join the playing group for the 2016–17 season and in October 2016, he underwent surgery on his left knee. In January 2017, rumors began to surface of <mask> being a possible trade piece for the Cavaliers. On January 7, 2017, <mask> was traded, along with Mike Dunleavy Jr. and a future first-round draft pick, to the Atlanta Hawks in exchange for Kyle Korver. He was later shipped to the Denver Nuggets alongside cash considerations on January 18, 2017 in exchange for the rights to Cenk Akyol; he was immediately waived by the Nuggets upon being acquired. Two days later, he was claimed off waivers then immediately waived by the Philadelphia 76ers. The 76ers reportedly made the claim in order to get $2.2 million closer to the salary floor while preventing the Nuggets from doing so after Denver acquired <mask> in a trade with the Hawks.He was later claimed and waived by the Nuggets on January 23 for a similar reason. Coaching career
In May 2018, <mask> was named an assistant coach for the Cal State Northridge Matadors men's basketball team, effectively ending his playing career. In May 2020, he was appointed head coach of the Alabama State Hornets basketball


title: Murder of Marcia King

texts:
<mask> (<mask>) ( – ) was a 21-year-old Arkansas woman who was murdered in April 1981 and whose body was discovered in Troy, Ohio approximately 48 hours after her murder. Her body remained unidentified for 36 years before being identified via DNA analysis and genetic genealogy in April 2018. <mask> was one of the first unidentified decedents to be identified via this method of forensic investigation. Prior to her 2018 identification, <mask> was informally known as "Buckskin Girl" and "Miami County Jane Doe". The first of these two names is in reference to the distinctive tasseled buckskin poncho she was wearing at the time of her discovery. Following the identification of her body, <mask>'s family erected a new headstone at her grave in Riverside Cemetery, inscribed with her actual name. The investigation into her murder is ongoing.Discovery
On April 24, 1981, three young men discovered the body of a young Caucasian woman in a ditch alongside Greenlee Road in Newton Township, Troy, Ohio. One of the three men, Greg Bridenbaugh, initially noticed the decedent's distinctive buckskin poncho. Informing one of his companions, <mask>, to take a look at the coat, <mask> walked closer to the article of clothing before turning toward Bridenbaugh, stating: "Oh my God, there's a woman in that coat!" The young woman was lying in a fetal position, on her right side, and without shoes or socks. The men immediately reported their discovery to the police. Autopsy
The decedent's body was autopsied on the afternoon of her discovery. The medical examination revealed she had suffered extensive blunt force trauma to the head and neck, before she had been strangled to death approximately 48 hours before her body was discovered.Additionally, her liver was found to have been lacerated. She had not been subjected to any form of sexual assault. The woman had been between  and  in height, aged between eighteen and twenty-six, and weighed . She had naturally reddish-brown hair, which was parted in the

masks:
Marcia Lenore Sossoman
King
King
King
Marcia King
Neal Hoffman
Hoffman


title: Murder of Marcia King

texts:
 Buckskin Girl had either originated within the Northeastern United States, or had spent a significant amount of time in this region in the year prior to her murder. Her clothing also contained high levels of soot from exposure to vehicular traffic and/or industrial activity, supporting investigators' initial suspicions she may have been a habitual hitchhiker.In addition, the pollen recovered from her external clothing suggested that, shortly before her murder, she had been in an arid climate such as the Western United States, or northern Mexico. Identification
On April 9, 2018, the Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory announced they had identified the decedent as 21-year-old <mask> <mask> of Little Rock, Arkansas. Her identification had been achieved via DNA analysis conducted by the DNA Doe Project, with assistance from the Miami Valley Regional Crime Laboratory and Full Genomes Corporation. This organization had been contacted by Dr Murray in 2017, and was able to successfully match a sample of <mask>'s DNA to a sample submitted for comparison by a first cousin. Her family declined to release a press statement, requesting that their confidentiality be respected. <mask> had last been seen by her family in 1980. She had never officially been reported as a missing person, although her family had continued to search for her.It is believed <mask> had frequently hitchhiked as a means of transportation, as investigators had long theorized prior to her identification. She is also known to have had ties with both the Pittsburg and Louisville, Kentucky districts. Addressing the media to announce the formal identification of Buckskin Girl, a spokesman for the Miami County Sheriff's Office informed all present: "Law enforcement never forgets. We've had a long journey to [be] where we are today." This spokesman also emphasized the investigation into <mask>'s homicide is ongoing, with the primary focus being upon <mask>'s movements in the last month of her life, when she was known

masks:
Marcia Lenore
King
King
King
King
King
King


title: Murder of Marcia King

texts:
 to have been in both Pittsburgh and Louisville. Ongoing investigation
In July 2018, the Miami County Sheriff's Office announced they had received further information regarding <mask>'s actual whereabouts shortly prior to her death. This information included eyewitness accounts placing her in Louisville, Kentucky, approximately 14 days before her death.Six eyewitnesses have also corroborated accounts of <mask> also being in Arkansas shortly before her murder. It is believed the reason she had traveled to Ohio may have been due to her suspected involvement with the religious organization The Way. In February 2020, the Miami County Sheriff's Office announced they had been able to further reconstruct <mask>'s whereabouts, and relationships, in the two weeks prior to her murder, adding that as advances in technology now mean nuclear DNA samples can be retrieved from hair samples missing the actual root, they remained confident hair samples discovered at the crime scene and submitted to a renowned Californian paleogeneticist could yield a nuclear DNA profile of either her murderer, or an individual she had been in the company of very shortly before her death. Addressing these latest developments, Miami County Sheriff Dave Duchalk stated: "We always have hopes to bring justice for homicide victims and their families. We never have, nor will we ever forget, and will continually work the case and, as new technologies are developed, will review our evidence to learn if it is worth re-submitting." Funeral
<mask> had been buried as a Jane Doe at Riverside Cemetery in Miami County, Ohio weeks after her death, with several officers assigned to investigate her murder serving as pallbearers at her funeral. Following the identification of her body, <mask>'s family chose for her to remain buried within this cemetery, with her stepmother, Cindy Sossoman, explaining her family's belief that it had been God's plan that their daughter was to be murdered and to remain unidentified for so long,

masks: King King King King King


title: Murder of Marcia King

texts:
 they believed <mask> was blessed to have died within a community which had shown such consideration and dignity to her while she had remained unidentified.Her parents had long since divorced, and her father, John Wesley Sossoman, had remarried, having several children with his second wife, all of whom had long wondered as to <mask>'s whereabouts and welfare. On July 20, 2018, a memorial service for <mask> was held at a chapel in Troy, Ohio. This service was officiated by the Reverend Gregory Simmons. Her new headstone was unveiled at this service. <mask>'s father, John, had died on January 5, 2018. Her brother, <mask>, and half-brother, Jonathan Sossoman, had also died by the time <mask>'s identity was discovered. <mask>'s stepmother and eight other surviving family members replaced the headstone simply reading "Jane Doe" with a headstone bearing her actual name at this service, which was attended by over fifty local residents.Describing <mask>'s personality, her stepmother described her as a "very trusting" young woman, before informing all present: "Words don't describe the feelings we have for all of you, how you have loved her and taken her in your arms." See also

 Cold case
 Crime in Ohio
 List of formerly unidentified decedents
 The Doe Network
 Unidentified decedent
 List of solved missing person cases
 List of unsolved murders

Notes

References

Cited works and further reading

External links

 Contemporary news article pertaining to the 2018 forensic identification of Buckskin Girl
 DNA Doe Project webpage pertaining to the identification of Buckskin Girl

1980s missing person cases
1981 in Ohio
1981 murders in the United States
Deaths by beating in the United States
Deaths by strangulation in the United States
Female murder victims
Forensic palynology
Formerly missing people
History of women in Arkansas
History of women in Ohio
Incidents of violence against women
Missing person cases in Arkansas
Unsolved murders in the United States
Violence against women in

masks:
King
King
King
Marcia
Daniel King
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Marcia
King


title: Scott Linehan

texts:
<mask> (born September 17, 1963) is an American football coach who currently works as an offensive analyst for Missouri. He was most recently the passing game coordinator for LSU. He was previously the head coach of the St. Louis Rams and the offensive coordinator for the Dallas Cowboys, Miami Dolphins, Minnesota Vikings and Detroit Lions. Prior to becoming an NFL coach in 2002, <mask> was a college assistant coach for 13 seasons. Early years
<mask> was born and raised in Sunnyside, Washington, about three hours southeast of Seattle, in the lower Yakima Valley of eastern Washington. He was a three-year starter at quarterback at Sunnyside High School, where his father was principal. <mask> graduated from high school in 1982 and accepted a scholarship to play college football at the University of Idaho in Moscow, about  to the east.He was a member of Dennis Erickson's first recruiting class as a collegiate head coach. <mask>'s brothers, Ron and Rick, had played at Idaho in the 1970s, and were team leaders on defense. Playing career
<mask> was a quarterback for the Vandals under head coaches Erickson (1982–85) and Keith Gilbertson. He backed-up junior All-American Ken Hobart as a true freshman in 1982, then redshirted in 1983. <mask> became the starter in 1984 as a redshirt sophomore, but broke his clavicle early in the second game and missed most of that game and two additional starts. Following two successful seasons behind Hobart, the Vandals struggled to a  record in 1984, then won four straight to finish  and third in the Big Sky. It concluded with a  shutout at Bronco Stadium for a third consecutive win over rival Boise State, a streak that extended to twelve straight in 1993.<mask> led the Vandals to a 5–1 record as a starter in 1985, then a stress fracture in his  right foot required surgery and sidelined him for  Idaho won the Big Sky title and had consecutive Division I-AA playoff appearances in 1985 and 1986. Finally healthy for a full

masks:
Scott Thomas Linehan
Linehan
Linehan
Linehan
Linehan
Linehan
Linehan
Linehan


title: Scott Linehan

texts:
 season as a fifth-year senior in  1986, Idaho went 8–3 in the regular season and he threw for 2,954 yards, ending his college career with over 7,000 yards. Tom Cable and Mark Schlereth both blocked for Linehan during his college career at Idaho. <mask> credits Erickson as the "biggest influence" on his attack-style offensive philosophies. Not selected in the 1987 NFL Draft, <mask> signed a rookie free agent contract with the Dallas Cowboys in 1987, but a shoulder injury quickly ended his playing career when he was cut at the start of his rookie training camp. High school coaching career
<mask> began his coaching career as a volunteer coach at Sunset High School in Portland in 1987. At this time, he also was helping a friend with his business, selling class rings for Jostens.College coaching career
<mask>'s college coaching career began in 1989 at his alma mater, the University of Idaho, as wide receivers coach under first-year head coach John L. Smith. After two seasons at Idaho, <mask> coached a year at UNLV, and returned for two more seasons at Idaho as offensive coordinator. <mask> then spent five years at Washington in Seattle under Jim Lambright and three at Louisville under John L. Smith. On February 10, 2020, LSU hired <mask> as passing game coordinator. Following the 2020 season, <mask> was let go by LSU. In May 2021, the University of Missouri announced that <mask> had official joined the Tigers' staff as offensive analyst. NFL coaching career
<mask> took his first NFL job as the offensive coordinator/wide receivers coach with the Minnesota Vikings in 2002.After three seasons in Minneapolis, <mask> served in a similar capacity with the Miami Dolphins in 2005 under Nick Saban, then was hired as head coach by the St. Louis Rams on January 19, 2006. <mask> inherited a team in transition. Most of the Rams' stars from earlier in the decade had gone elsewhere, and the remaining players from "The Greatest Show on Turf" era had noticeably lost a

masks: Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan


title: Scott Linehan

texts: step. Nonetheless, <mask>'s tenure started out on a promising note, as the Rams went 4–2 in their first six games. However, a four-game losing streak in October and November effectively ended any chance of making the playoffs. Despite this slump, the NFC West was so weak that year that while they finished 8–8, missing the division title by a single game. However, the Rams regressed to 3–13 in his second season.Years of questionable draft and free-agent acquisitions caught up with the team, and the season degenerated into a fiasco due to a rash of injuries to the offensive line. The season was also marked by disputes with star players such as Steven Jackson, Torry Holt, and, most notoriously, quarterback Marc Bulger. Holt and Jackson openly feuded with <mask> on the sidelines during games. The easygoing <mask> didn't discipline them, leading to criticism that he wasn't willing to assert his authority. The bottom fell out in 2008. After an 0–3 start in which the Rams were outscored 116–29, a significant departure from the days of "The Greatest Show on Turf", <mask> benched Bulger in favor of Trent Green for their game against the Buffalo Bills. The move did not work; the Rams lost 35–14 after allowing 25 unanswered points in the second half.<mask> was fired hours later, tallying an 11–25 record in his 36 games as head coach. On January 9, 2009, <mask> interviewed with the San Francisco 49ers as a candidate for the open offensive coordinator position. <mask> was announced as the offensive coordinator of the Detroit Lions on January 23, 2009, by new head coach Jim Schwartz. On December 30, 2013, head coach Jim Schwartz was fired, and all of Schwartz' assistants were fired as well, including Linehan. On January 27, 2014, the Dallas Cowboys hired <mask> as offensive play caller and was later given the title of passing game coordinator. Incumbent offensive coordinator and play caller Bill Callahan remained on staff, but relinquished play calling duties

masks: Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan Linehan


title: Scott Linehan

texts:
 and was given the new title of running game coordinator. <mask> served as the de facto offensive coordinator by leading offensive meetings and calling plays during games.He was formally promoted to offensive coordinator upon Callahan's departure at the end of the season. <mask> had previously worked with Cowboys head coach Jason Garrett when they served as assistants on the staff of Nick Saban's Miami Dolphins in 2005. On January 18, 2019, <mask> was fired by the Dallas Cowboys. Head coaching record

Personal life
<mask> is the youngest of seven children of William and <mask>; he has three brothers and three sisters. His father, Bill (1921–98), was born in Plummer, Idaho, and was the high school principal in Sunnyside, after serving in World War II with the U.S. Army in the Pacific. Both parents and a sister attended the University of Idaho, as did brothers, Ron and Rick, who also played football at Idaho. was a three-time All-Big Sky linebacker  and was selected in the 1972 NFL Draft; he was a high school coach in the Portland area until his death at age 55.Rick had ten career interceptions as a Vandal defensive back (1976–78). <mask> and his wife have three sons: Marcus, Matthew and Michael. Matthew played quarterback for the Salt Lake Stallions and Michael played linebacker for the University of North Texas. <mask>'s wife, Kristen (née Browitt), is the sister-in-law of actor Jim Caviezel; she and Caviezel's wife, Kerri, are sisters. References

External links

 LSU Tigers bio

1963 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
Dallas Cowboys coaches
Detroit Lions coaches
Idaho Vandals football coaches
Idaho Vandals football players
Louisville Cardinals football coaches
LSU Tigers football coaches
Miami Dolphins coaches
Minnesota Vikings coaches
Missouri Tigers football coaches
St. Louis Rams head coaches
UNLV Rebels football coaches
Washington Huskies football coaches
National Football League offensive coordinators
People from Sunnyside,

masks:
Linehan
Linehan
Linehan
Linehan
Margaret Linehan
Linehan
Linehan


title: Atmaram Bhairav Joshi

texts:
<mask> (1916 – 2010) was an Indian agricultural scientist and academic, known for his contributions to the field of wheat and other crop breeding. He was the vice-chancellor of Mahatma Phule Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Rahuri and the chairman of the Research Advisory Committee of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest Indian civilian award of Padma Shri in 1975. Biography
Born on 17 November 1916, A. B<mask>ama Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri and worked there till his retirement in 1980. He was also associated with Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute in 1980s as an advisor and Principal Investigator of couple of projects. <mask> was a member of the Task Force on Agricultural Education of the Kothari Commission (1964–66) set up by the Government of India to advise on general principles and policies for the development of education in India. He was the co-ordinator of the ICAR sponsored Wheat Research Project (1960–66) During his tenure as the vice-chancellor of the MPKV university, he also served as a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee to the prime minister of India (1972–76). <mask> died on 3 July 2010 at the age of 93, at Pune, in Maharashtra. Legacy
<mask> is known to have conducted cytogenetic research on a number of crops such as sesame, chickpea, tobacco, and Capsicum and research on the evolutionary origin of Okra (Bhindi) and Panicum maximum (fodder grass).He introduced crop improvement of wheat and cotton through quantitative genic exploitation and is known to have contributed for the success of the Green Revolution in India in the 1960s and 1970s. His researches were published by way of over 300 articles which included many monographs on sesame and cotton. He also guided 45 post graduate and doctoral students in their researches. The Task Force of Kothari Commission, in which

masks:
Atmaram Bhairav Joshi
. Joshihat
Joshi
Joshi
Joshi


title: Atmaram Bhairav Joshi

texts: <mask> was a member, is reported to have made several recommendations aimed at developing agricultural education in India. He was a member of the High Level Committee set up by the Government of India for the establishment of a national centre for plant introduction and germplasm augmentation for use in crop improvement and the National Bureau of Plant Introduction was established in August 1976 on the advice of the committee. The centre was again revamped to establish the present day National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources in January 1977. His assistance to M. S. Swaminathan and Benjamin Peary Pal were also reported in the development of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute.<mask> served the Quintennial Review Team of the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad as a member and chaired the Research Advisory Committees of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, the Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur, NABARA, Mumbai and the Agharkar Research Institute, Pune. He headed the Indian Agricultural Universities Association as its president in 1980. He was also associated as a member with several international projects such as the International Team for Improvement of Agricultural Research Organization in Indonesia (1969), the advisory committee of Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Washington DC, USA (1973–77) and the World Bank Mission to Tanzania (1979). He was the project manager of the FAO/UNDP project on the improvement of field crop productivity in Egypt and a member of the board of directors of the International Potato Research Institute, Lima (1972–76). <mask> was the president of the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding for two terms, in 1962 and 1978. He was the secretary of the Indian National Science Academy from 1973 to 1976. He was the president of

masks: Joshi Joshi Joshi


title: Atmaram Bhairav Joshi

texts:
 Maharashtra Association for Cultivation of Science and the chairman of the Research Development Committee of the Central Bee Research Institute, Pune as well as the Khadi and Village Industries Commission centre attached to the institution.He also served as the vice-president of the Maharashtra Education Society, Pune. Awards and honours
Several Indian universities such as G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantanagar, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, and Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (Maharashtra) awarded him DSc (honoris causa). In 1976, the Government of India awarded him the civilian honour of Padma Shri and he received the Norman Borlaug Award from Coromandel International the same year. The Indian National Science Academy elected him as a fellow in 1961 and selected him for the BD Tilak Award lecture in 1984. He was an elected fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, New Delhi Indian Academy of Sciences,
Maharashtra Academy of Sciences, Pune,
the Indian Botanical Society, and the Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute instituted the AB Joshi Memorial Award in 2002, in his honour and organises an annual lecture under the name, <mask> Memorial award lecture. See also

 Indian Agricultural Research Institute
 Green Revolution in India

References

Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
1916 births
2010 deaths
Scientists from Nagpur
Heads of universities and colleges in India
Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Fellows of the Indian Academy of Sciences
Indian scientific authors
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
World Bank people
Food and Agriculture Organization officials
United Nations Development Programme officials
Indian agronomists
20th-century Indian biologists
Indian officials of the United


title: William Dodd (priest)

texts:
<mask> (29 May 1729 – 27 June 1777) was an English Anglican clergyman and a man of letters. He lived extravagantly, and was nicknamed the "Macaroni Parson". He dabbled in forgery in an effort to clear his debts, and was caught and convicted. Despite a public campaign for a Royal pardon, in which he received the assistance of Samuel Johnson, he was hanged at Tyburn for forgery. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Bourne in Lincolnshire, the son of the local vicar. He attended Clare Hall in the University of Cambridge from 1745 to 1750, where he achieved academic success and graduated as a wrangler. He then moved to London, where his spendthrift habits soon left him in debt.He married impulsively on 15 April 1751, to Mary Perkins, daughter of a domestic servant, leaving his finances in an even more precarious position. Priesthood

At the urging of his concerned father, he decided to take holy orders, and was ordained a deacon in 1751 and a priest in 1753, serving as a curate in a church in West Ham, then as a preacher at St James Garlickhythe, and then at St Olave Hart Street. He became a popular and fashionable preacher, and was appointed as a chaplain in ordinary to the King in 1763. He became a prebend in Brecon, and was a tutor to Philip Stanhope, later 5th Earl of Chesterfield. He became chaplain to the King, and became a Doctor of Laws at Cambridge University in 1766. After he won £1,000 in a lottery, he became involved in schemes to build the Charlotte Chapel in Pimlico, and bought a share of the Charlotte Chapel in Bloomsbury. Despite his profession, he continued his extravagant lifestyle, and became known as the "macaroni parson".In 1772, he became rector of Hockliffe, in Bedfordshire, and vicar of Chalgrave. Bribery
In 1774,

masks:
William Dodd
Dodd


title: William Dodd (priest)

texts:
 in an attempt to rectify his depleted finances, he attempted to obtain the lucrative position of rector of St George's, Hanover Square. He caused an anonymous letter to be sent to Lady Apsley, wife of the Lord Chancellor, offering her £3,000 to secure the position. The letter was traced back to <mask>, and he was dismissed from his existing posts. He became an object of public ridicule, and was taunted as Dr Simony in a play by Samuel Foote in the Haymarket Theatre. He spent two years abroad, in Geneva and France, until the scandal subsided. He returned to England in 1776.In The Luck of Barry Lyndon, Thackeray has his protagonist refer to meeting "Dr Simony" in Soho and to a friendship with Foote. Forgery and execution
In February 1777, he forged a bond for £4,200 in the name of his former pupil, the Earl of Chesterfield, to clear his debts. A banker accepted the bond in good faith, and lent him money on the strength of it. Later the banker noticed a small blot in the text and had the document re-written. When the clean copy was presented to the Earl to sign, in order to replace the old one, the forgery was discovered. <mask> immediately confessed, and begged time to make amends. He was, however, imprisoned in the Wood Street Compter pending trial.He was convicted, and sentenced to death. Samuel Johnson wrote several papers in his defence, and some 23,000 people signed a 37-page petition seeking a pardon. Nevertheless, <mask> was publicly hanged at Tyburn on 27 June 1777. The following appears as a footnote in the book 'Street Lore of Bath' written by R.E.M Peach and published in 1893. Dr. <mask> had provided the opening sermon at a newly built chapel in Bath in 1773. 1 THE EXECUTION OF THE UNFORTUNATE DR. DODD. The following faithful

masks: Dodd Dodd Dodd Dodd


title: William Dodd (priest)

texts:
 description of the last moments and ignominious death of the clever writer and "fashionable parson" Dr. <mask>, for forgery in the year 1777, is taken from some interesting papers on that gifted but unhappy man in the Dublin University Magazine for the month:

When they went to call the hapless criminal, he did not at first recollect what was to take place, but presently on its coming back upon him, suffered the most dreadful horror "and agony of mind," and became outrageously vehement in his speech and looks; but on coming out of the chapel his face was seen to exhibit the greatest calmness and composure.Mr. Villette, who filled the dreadful office of "Ordinary of Newgate," attended on him, together with the chaplain of Magdalen, Mr. Dobey. The friends who had been there the preceding night also appeared upon this occasion; and all moved on to the chapel. In the vestry they met the other criminal, who was to suffer also – Harris, the youth convicted for the "two half-sovereigns and some silver," and who had attempted suicide in his cell. Him, Dr. <mask> addressed with "great tenderness and emotion of heart" on the great heinousness of his offence, and begged that the other clergyman might be called in to assist in moving the heart of the poor youth. But "the Doctor's words," says one who stood by "were the most pathetic and effective." All who looked on were greatly affected and shed tears. The Doctor seems to have been a poor craven hearted creature all through.He kept up his dandyism, but he shewed neither resignation nor courage. "The executioner took both the hat and wig off at the same time. Why he put on his wig again I do not know, but he did, and the doctor took off his wig a second time, and then tied on a night cap which did

masks: Dodd Dodd


title: William Dodd (priest)

texts:
 not fit him : but whether he stretched that or took another, I could not perceive. He then put on his night cap himself, and upon him taking it he certainly had a smile on his countenance, and very soon afterwards there was an end of all his hopes and fears on this side the grave." Storer to George Selwyn. As the unhappy man got out of the coach by which he was conveyed to Tyburn, and entered the cart, a heavy shower of rain fell, during which an umbrella was held over his head, which Gilly <mask>, who was present, observed was quite unnecessary, as the doctor was going to a place where he might be dried. Published works
He wrote several published works, including poems, a novel, and theological tracts.His most successful work was The Beauties of Shakespeare (1752), in which he may be said to have invented the "index.". He also wrote a Commentary on the Bible (1765–1770), and composed the blank verse Thoughts in Prison while in Newgate Prison between his conviction and execution. "It concentrates his mind wonderfully"
<mask>'s sermon  The Convict's Address to his unhappy Brethren was largely written by Samuel Johnson to be used as <mask>'s own. When one of Johnson's friends doubted the authorship, Johnson, in order to protect <mask>, made his famous remark "Depend upon it Sir, when a man knows he is to be hanged in a fortnight, it concentrates his mind wonderfully". James Boswell gives Johnson's explanation of the circumstances in his Life of Samuel Johnson:

Johnson disapproved of Dr. <mask>'s leaving the world persuaded that The Convict's Address to his unhappy Brethren was of his own writing. 'But, Sir, (said I,) you contributed to the deception; for when Mr. Seward expressed a doubt to you that it was not <mask>'s own, because it

masks: Williams Dodd Dodd Dodd Dodd Dodd


title: William Dodd (priest)

texts:
 had a great deal more force of mind in it than any thing known to be his, you answered, --"Why should you think so? Depend upon it, Sir, when a man knows he is to be hanged in a fortnight, it concentrates his mind wonderfully."'JOHNSON. Sir, as <mask> got it from me to pass as his own, while that could do him any good, there was an IMPLIED PROMISE that I should not own it. To own it, therefore, would have been telling a lie, with the addition of breach of promise, which was worse than simply telling a lie to make it be believed it was <mask>'s. Besides, Sir, I did not DIRECTLY tell a lie: I left the matter uncertain. Perhaps I thought that Seward would not believe it the less to be mine for what I said; but I would not put it in his power to say I had owned it.' References

Further reading
Boswell, James, Life of Johnson, 1777 passim, for more information on Johnson's work in behalf of <mask>. (and several other editions with different ISBNs, as well as various public domain editions)
Brack, O. M., editor.The Macaroni Parson and the Concentrated Mind: Samuel Johnson's Writings for the Reverend <mask>. Tucson: Chax Press, 2004
Howson, Gerald, The Macaroni Parson: A Life of the Unfortunate Dr. <mask>. London, Hutchinson, 1973 . External links

<mask> at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)
Dr<mask>, the publisher

1729 births
1777 deaths
Forgers
English criminals
18th-century English Anglican priests
English male poets
18th-century English novelists
People executed by the Kingdom of Great Britain
People from Bourne, Lincolnshire
Executed people from Lincolnshire
People executed for forgery
People executed by England and Wales by hanging
Members of the clergy convicted of fraud
English male novelists
18th-century English male

masks:
Dodd
Dodd
Dodd
William Dodd
Dodd
William Dodd
. Dodd


title: Dorit Bar-On

texts:
<mask>-On is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Connecticut and Director of the Expression, Communication, and the Origins of Meaning (ECOM) Research Group. Her research focuses on philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, epistemology, and metaethics. She previously held positions at the University of Rochester and UNC-Chapel Hill, where she was the Zachary Smith Distinguished Term Professor of Research and Undergraduate Education from 2014 to 2015. Education and career
Bar-On earned a BA (summa cum laude) at Tel Aviv University in Philosophy & Linguistics before earning her MA and PhD in Philosophy at UCLA. Her dissertation, Indeterminacy of Translation: Theory and Practice, was written under the supervision of Tyler Burge, Rogers Albritton, Keith Donnellan, David Kaplan, and David Pears. Bar-On has also written Hebrew translations of poetry, fiction, and philosophy, including three anthologies in modern philosophy, writings by Iris Murdoch, Kurt Vonnegut, Dos Passos, Dorothy Richardson, E. E. Cummings, Robert Louis Stevenson, Walter Scott, and, in collaboration with Marcia Falk, a collection of poems by Zelda Schneerson Mishkovsky and The Book of Blessings. Her other professional experience includes being a radio producer, editor and broadcaster for the Israel IDF radio station, a television writer and host in Israel, and a Hebrew television newscaster and interviewer for Channel


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts: <mask> (or Jocelyn) (died 1199) was a twelfth-century Cistercian monk and cleric who became the fourth Abbot of Melrose before becoming Bishop of Glasgow, Scotland. He was probably born in the 1130s, and in his teenage years became a monk of Melrose Abbey. He rose in the service of Abbot Waltheof, and by the time of the short abbacy of Waltheof's successor Abbot William, Jocelin had become prior. Then in 1170 <mask> himself became abbot, a position he held for four years. Jocelin was responsible for promoting the cult of the emerging Saint Waltheof, and in this had the support of Enguerrand, Bishop of Glasgow. His Glasgow connections and political profile were already well-established enough that in 1174 Jocelin succeeded Enguerrand as Glasgow's bishop. As Bishop of Glasgow, he was a royal official.In this capacity he travelled  abroad on several occasions, and performed the marriage ceremony between King William the Lion and Ermengarde de Beaumont, later baptising their son, the future King Alexander II. Among other things, he has been credited by modern historians as "the founder of the burgh of Glasgow and initiator of the Glasgow fair", as well as being one of the greatest literary

masks: Jocelin Jocelin


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts:
 patrons in medieval Scotland, commissioning the Life of St Waltheof, the Life of St Kentigern and the Chronicle of Melrose. Early life
<mask> and his family probably came from the south-east of Scotland. The names of neither his father nor his mother are known, but he had two known brothers, with the names Helia and Henry, and a cousin, also called Helia. The names suggest that his family were of French, or at least Anglo-Norman origin, rather than being a Scot or native Anglo-Saxon. There are some indications that his family held land in South Lanarkshire, namely because they seem to have possessed rights in the church of Dunsyre. It is unlikely that he would have thought of himself as "Scottish".For Jocelin's contemporary and fellow native of the Borders, Adam of Dryburgh, this part of Britain was still firmly regarded as terra Anglorum (the "Land of English"), although it was located inside the regnum Scottorum (the "Kingdom of the Scots"). This would be no obstacle to Jocelin, however. His Anglo-French cultural background was in fact probably necessary for the patronage of the King of Scots. As Walter of Coventry wrote of King William's era, "the modern kings of Scotland count themselves


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts:
 monks from the intrusiveness of would-be pilgrims. However, William was unable to get the better of Waltheof's emerging cult, and his actions had alienated him from the brethren.As a result, William resigned the abbacy in April 1170. <mask> was by this stage the Prior of Melrose, that is, the second in command at the monastery, and thus William's most likely replacement. Abbot of Melrose

So it was that Prior <mask> became abbot on 22 April 1170. Jocelin embraced the cult without hesitation. Under the year of his accession, it was reported in the Chronicle of Melrose that:

Promoting saints was something Jocelin would repeat at Glasgow, where he "transferred his enthusiasm to St Kentigern" and commissioned a hagiography of that saint, the saint most venerated by the Celts of the diocese of Glasgow. It is no coincidence that <mask> of Furness, the man who wrote the Life of St. Waltheof, was the same man later commissioned to write the Life of St. Kentigern. This kind of literary patronage started while Jocelin was abbot of Melrose.Archie Duncan has shown that it was probably Jocelin who first commissioned the writing of the Chronicle of Melrose. Duncan argued that Jocelin commissioned the

masks: Jocelin Jocelin Jocelin


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts:
 entries dealing with the period between 731 and 1170, putting the writing in the hands of a monk named Reinald (who later became Bishop of Ross). This chronicle is one of the few extant chronicles from "Scotland" in this period. G. W. S. Barrow, writing before Duncan advanced these arguments, noted that down to the end of King William's reign "the chronicle of Melrose Abbey ... represents a strongly 'Anglo-Norman' as opposed to a native Scottish point of view". It is thus possible that this anti-Scottish world-view reflected that of Jocelin's, at least before he left the abbey. After his election to the prestigious bishopric of Glasgow in 1174, Jocelin would continue exerting influence on his home monastery. Jocelin brought one of his monks from the abbey, a man called Michael, who acted as Jocelin's chaplain while Bishop of Glasgow.He did not resign his position as abbot until after his consecration in 1175. Jocelin consecrated his successors as abbot, and continued to spend a great deal of time there. Moreover, he used his position as bishop to offer the monastery patronage and protection. Bishop of Glasgow
 After the death of his friend Bishop Enguerrand, <mask> was elevated to the


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts: forcing Jocelin to travel to Rome. Conveniently, it was at Cistercian house of Clairvaux that, sometime before 15 March 1175, Jocelin was consecrated by the Papal legate Eskil, Archbishop of Lund and Primate of Denmark.<mask> had returned to the Kingdom of Scotland by 10 April, and it is known that on 23 May he had consecrated a monk named Laurence as his successor at Melrose. He was soon faced with a political challenge to the independence of his church. The challenge came from the English church, and was not new, but had lain dormant for some decades. The reason it was awakened was that in the summer of 1174 King William had invaded northern England, and on 13 July, having been caught underprotected during a siege at Alnwick, was captured and taken into English custody. The capture was disastrous for the king, leading to a revolt by Gilla Brigte, Lord of Galloway, and to many of William's discontented subjects "ruthlessly" slaying "their English and French neighbours" and perpetrating a "most wretched and widespread persecution of the English both in Scotland and Galloway", that is, of the English and French-speaking settlers William and his predecessors had planted around the castles and


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts: Jocelin refused to acknowledge this part of the treaty, and presented him with the Papal Bull declaring Glasgow to be a "special daughter". This Bull was confirmed by Pope Alexander's successor Pope Lucius III.<mask> had obtained this confirmation while at Rome in late 1181 and early 1182. He had been sent there by King William, along with abbots of Melrose, Dunfermline and Kelso and the prior of Inchcolm, in order to appeal to the Pope regarding his stance in a struggle over the Bishopric of St Andrews and the sentence of excommunication and interdict the Pope had placed over the king and kingdom. The dispute concerned the election to the bishopric of John the Scot, which had been opposed by the king, who organised the election of his own candidate, Hugh. The mission was successful. The Pope lifted the interdict, absolved the king and appointed two legates to investigate the issue of the St Andrews succession. The Pope even sent the king a Golden Rose, an item usually given to the Prefect of Rome. The issue of the succession, however, did not go away.In 1186, Jocelin, along with the abbots of Melrose, Dunfermline and Newbattle, excommunicated Hugh on the instructions of Pope Lucius. Hugh


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts:
 their chamber, and it was to Jocelin's escort that King William entrusted her for the journey to Scotland. When a son was born to William and Ermengarde, the future King Alexander II, it was Jocelin who performed the baptism. In April 1194, Jocelin again travelled to England in King William's company when William was visiting King Richard I. Jocelin's intimacy with the king would be the key to earning his patronage, thus making possible the legacy that Jocelin would leave to Glasgow. Legacy and death

His years at Glasgow left a mark on history that can be compared favourably with any previous or future bishop. Jocelin commissioned his namesake <mask> of Furness, the same man who had written the Life of St. Waltheof, to write a Life of St. Kentigern, a task all the more necessary because, after 1159, the Papacy claimed the right to canonise saints. Kentigern, or Mungo as he is popularly known, was the saint traditionally associated with the see of Glasgow, and his status therefore reflected on Glasgow as a church and cult-centre.There had already been a cathedral at Glasgow before Jocelin's episcopate. The idea that the ecclesiastical establishment before Jocelin was simply a small church


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts:
 settlement. As well as new revenues for the bishop, the rights entailed by Glasgow's new burghal status and market privileges brought new people to the settlement, one of the first of whom was one Ranulf de Haddington, a former burghess of Haddington. The new settlement was laid out (probably under the influence of the burgh of Haddington) around Glasgow Cross, down the hill from the cathedral and old fort of Glasgow, but above the flood level of the River Clyde.When <mask> died, he was back at Melrose Abbey, where his career had begun. He may have retired to Melrose knowing his death was near. <mask> certainly did die at Melrose, passing away on St Patrick's Day (17 March) 1199. He was buried in the monks' choir of Melrose Abbey Church. Hugh de Roxburgh, Chancellor of Scotland, was elected as <mask>'s replacement. The Chronicle of Melrose has only a short obituary. Notes

References

 Anderson, Alan Orr, Early Sources of Scottish History: AD 500–1286, 2 Vols, (Edinburgh, 1922), vol.ii
 Anderson, Alan Orr, Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers: AD 500–1286, (London, 1908), republished, Marjorie Anderson (ed.) (Stamford, 1991)
 Barrow, G. W. S. (ed. ), The Acts of William I, Regesta Regum


title: Jocelin of Glasgow

texts:
 D. R., The Reign of William the Lion: Kingship and Culture,, (East Linton, 1997)
 Scott, W. W., "William I [William the Lion] (c.1142–1214)", in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 , accessed 1 Dec 2006
 Shead, Norman F., "Glasgow: An Ecclesiastical Burgh", in M. Lynch, M. Spearman & G. Stell (eds.), The Scottish Medieval Town, (Edinburgh, 1988), pp. 116–132
 Shead, Norman F., "Jocelin, abbot of Melrose), and bishop of Glasgow)", in The Innes Review, vol. 54, no. 1 (Spring, 2003), pp. 1–22
 Skene, Felix J. H., <mask> Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation, (Edinburgh, 1872)
 Skene, William F., Johnnis de Fordun: Chronica Gentis Scotorum, (Edinburgh, 1871)
 Stringer, Keith J., "Reform Monasticism and Celtic Scotland", in Edward J. Cowan & R. Andrew McDonald (eds. ), Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Middle Ages, (East Lothian, 2000), pp. 127–165

Further reading
 Driscoll, Stephen T., Excavations at Glasgow Cathedral, Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph 18, (Leeds, 2002)
 Driscoll, Stephen T., "Excavations in Glasgow Cathedral: A preliminary report on the archaeological discoveries made in 1992–3", in Glasgow Archaeological Journal, 17, (1992),


title: Maik Hamburger

texts:
<mask> (12 February 1931 - 16 January 2020) was a German translator, writer and dramaturge, regarded as one of the leading Shakespeare scholars of his generation in the German-speaking world. Biography

Early life
Michael Pitt "<mask>" <mask> was born on 12 February 1931 in Shanghai, where his parents were living and working at the time. His father, <mask> (1903-1980), was a German architect originally from Lower Silesia who had probably been drawn to Shanghai by the spectacular building boom which the city was experiencing. His mother, born Ursula Kuczynski (1907-2000), had accompanied her husband to China. His maternal grandfather was economist and demographer Robert René Kuczynski. Hamburger's family was Jewish. Both his parents were committed to antifascist communism, and his mother had joined the party in 1926.Both parents at some stage became involved in spying for Soviet intelligence; the Shanghai construction boom may have been the chief reason for their decision to relocate to Shanghai during the first half of 1930. <mask>'s espionage career was probably not of huge value to the Soviet Union: Ursula Kuczynski, however, would become well known to English and American espionage watchers some decades later, as the Oxfordshire-based "handler" of nuclear scientist Klaus Fuchs between 1943 and 1950. The marriage of <mask> <mask>'s parents came under increasing pressure, ending in divorce in 1939. By the time he was ten, he had lived successively in China, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Switzerland, before ending up in England in 1940, after his mother had married Len Beurton, also a Soviet agent, and one who came with the added attraction of a British passport for his new wife. While still a toddler <mask> <mask> was separated from his parents and sent to live with his father's parents (now

masks:
Maik Hamburger
Maik
Hamburger
Rudolf Hamburger
Rudolf Hamburger
Maik
Hamburger
Maik
Hamburger


title: Maik Hamburger

texts:
 relocated from Germany to Czechoslovakia) for seven months, while his mother was sent to Moscow for a half-year training session in "espionage spycraft". There had been a concern that if baby Michael had accompanied her to Moscow he might inadvertently have blown her cover later by blurting out words in Russian. After settling with his mother and Janina, his younger half-sister, in Oxford in 1940 he appears initially to have attended  school in the city.Later his mother moved into a village outside the city while her son - possibly in connection with his maternal grandfather's senior lectureship at the London School of Economics - lived "as a cultural omnivore" in London, attending performances at the city's famous theatres and sitting in the top gallery at each of them where, as he later recalled, you "could sit on a hard bench for sixpence and view the action from an overhead perspective". At weekends he often attended Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park, listening to orators setting out their visions for solving the world's problems, and staying late into the night till there were no more than two people left, at which point he underwent, on at least one occasion, the unsettling experience of being approached by an orator whose chief objective seemed to have become an unsuccessful (as he insisted!) attempt to win Hamburger over for a night of homoerotic adventurism. During his time as an adolescent in London, <mask> <mask> was also an exceptionally appreciative member of his local public library. Studies
He enrolled later at the University of Aberdeen and embarked on a Philosophy degree course. One of his teachers, as Professor of Moral Philosophy, was Donald M. MacKinnon (1913-1994), known to friends and students alike as "Mac", a "corpulent eccentric" whose teaching was based around Kant and

masks: Maik Hamburger


title: Maik Hamburger

texts:
 Hegel. The other principal teacher was a glamorous Polish exile called Wladyslaw Bednarowski (1908-2002), whose contributions involved invoking Wittgenstein, Ryle and Ayer to prove that "90% of what Kant and Hegel wrote was senseless twaddle" ("aus sinnlosem Geschwätz besteht").Hamburger realised he did not wish to spend the rest of his life trying to create new patterns of philosophy by "reconfiguring very old ones", and he became "disillusioned with Britain’s turn right". He briefly considered moving to the recently launched state of Israel and joining a Kibbutz, but was unenthusiastic about the "militant" aspects of life in Israel. Shortly before the unmasking of Klaus Fuchs, his mother had relocated suddenly from north Oxfordshire to (east) Berlin in 1950, and in August 1951 <mask> Hamburger visited the city to attend the "Weltfestspiele der Jugend und Studenten" ("World Festival of Youth and Students"). He was impressed: as he later told an interviewer, he "wanted to be somewhere where things were happening. I wanted to be in the middle of political life. And in Germany, particularly in Berlin, you had all this…". In or before November 1951 he abandoned his studies at Aberdeen and enrolled at Leipzig University (known, after 1953, as the "Karl-Marx-University Leipzig").Here he started to study for a degree in physics. Theatre
Very soon, however, it became clear that he was more strongly drawn to the world of the theatre. In 1952 he made his stage debut in a student theatre production of Simonov's "Russische Frage" ("The Russian Question"). By 1954, still in Leipzig, he was at the centre of a circle of student actors, artists and instrumentalists. An important member of the group was the student Adolf Dresen, who became a colleague and later a notable and, some said, controversial


title: Maik Hamburger

texts:
 theatre and opera director. Work as a translator
After leaving Leipzig, between 1956 and 1966 <mask> <mask> lived in East Berlin, where he supported himself as a freelance translator and journalist. In 1966 he took a post at the Deutsches Theater (Berlin), where he would remain for almost thirty years, working both as a dramaturge and, later, as a director.During this time he also built a reputation as a talented translator into German of foreign works by dramatists such as William Shakespeare, Sean O'Casey, Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams. In 1982 he teamed up with Christa Schuenke to translate and publish a volume of John Donne's poetry under the title "Zwar ist auch Dichtung Sünde" (loosely, "Poetry is indeed also sin"). In 2008 he compiled and published an English-language history of German theatre with Simon Williams, which was published by the Cambridge University Press. Teaching career
<mask> Hamburger pursued a parallel career in teaching. During the East German years he taught at the Leipzig Theatre Academy (Theaterhochschule) and at the Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts in Berlin. He also taught at the Berlin University of the Arts and led theatre workshops at Santa Barbara, Stanford and Montreal. He was a member of PEN Centre Germany.After reunification in 1990 he was elected and repeatedly re-elected as vice-president of the German Shakespeare Society, a position from which he resigned in 2002. He was succeeded by Roland Petersohn. In 2007 he received the honour of a stipendium from the Hermann Hesse Foundation of Calw. Death
Hamburger died in Berlin on 16 January 2020. References

People from East Berlin
20th-century German Jews
Ernst Busch Academy of Dramatic Arts faculty
German theatre directors
Dramaturges
English–German translators
Shakespearean scholars
2020

masks: Maik Hamburger Maik


title: David Jewett

texts:
<mask> (June 17, 1772 – July 26, 1842) is known for his role in the sovereignty dispute between the United Kingdom and Argentina over the Falkland Islands. He was an American naval commander in the Quasi-War with France and following the end of that conflict he offered his services as a mercenary in both Argentina and Brazil. Licensed as a privateer by the United Provinces of the River Plate (one of the precursor states of Argentina) to seize Spanish ships, he was later accused of piracy following the seizure of US and Portuguese flagged vessels. He finished his career in the Brazilian Navy, serving under Lord Cochrane and died in Rio de Janeiro in 1842. Early life
<mask> was born in New London (North Parish), in what was then the Connecticut Colony (presently the town of Montville, Connecticut in the United States), on 17 June 1772, son of Patience Bulkley and captain <mask>. He studied for a career in law, but after the experience of a sailing trip to Europe he changed his mind. <mask> joined the United States Navy in 1791, at age 19.Early career

<mask>, with the rank of Master Commandant, commanded the 18 gun sloop-of-war USS Trumbull in the Quasi-War with France. Following fitting out, Trumbull departed New London, Connecticut in March 1800 under his command. Its first mission was to escort the provisions ship Charlotte from New York to the West Indies, replenishing the American Squadron operating against the French. Trumbull later joined the American Squadron commanded by Silas Talbot in the , where the main duties in the area were protection of American shipping and the interception of French privateers and merchantmen. <mask> was authorized as commander of the Trumbull to capture any vessel sailing under the flag of France. On April 24, 1800, it came

masks:
David Jewett
Jewett
David Hibbard Jewett
Jewett
Jewett
Jewett


title: David Jewett

texts:
 upon the French schooner Peggy and captured it. The Peggy was returned to Connecticut where the local courts ruled her a prize of war in September 1800.The owners of the Peggy appealed for her return in the US Supreme Court case United States v. Schooner Peggy. On August 3, while off Jérémie in Haiti, Trumbull captured the French schooner Vengeance, armed with eight or ten guns (not, as is sometimes found, the 38-gun frigate Vengeance that tangled with the USS Constellation and was later taken into the Royal Navy). The ship had fled Haiti with 130 people aboard, crew and refugees together, as Toussaint's troops took possession of the island. Talbot ordered <mask> home with Vengeance as a prize, Trumbull arriving back at New London in late summer. The Vengeance was later condemned as a national vessel and was returned to France under the treaty soon afterwards concluded with that country. Trumbull then returned to patrol off Santo Domingo, before later transporting Navy Agent Thomas T. Gantt to St. Kitts to relieve Thomas Clarkson. Following the end of hostilities with France as a result of the Treaty of Mortefontaine, Trumbull returned to the United States in the spring of 1801, was sold later that year and her crew discharged.<mask> left the Navy but rejoined during the War of 1812 against Britain, when he acted as a privateer. <mask> had earlier crossed the line between privateer and pirate after taking the Portuguese ship Carlota as a prize. Service to the United Provinces

On June 22, 1815, <mask> arrived in the port of Buenos Aires, aboard his own ship the Invincible. He offered his services to the newly independent United Provinces of the River Plate (later Argentina), which accepted his proposal and authorized his corsair activities against the Spanish.

masks: Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett


title: David Jewett

texts:
 From 1815 to 1817 the Invincible made use of the letter of marque issued for her and <mask>, and four ships were captured: the polacca Tita, the frigate Santander, the brigantines Jupiter and San Antonio, all of them deemed lawful prize by the Government of the United Provinces. In January 1820 he was appointed a Colonel in the Argentine Navy. He was given command of the frigate Heroína, a ship owned by Patrick Lynch, acting as a privateer.<mask>'s activities were licensed by letter of marque that Lynch obtained from the Buenos Aires Supreme Director José Rondeau. In March 1820 he set out on a voyage marked by misfortune, a mutiny, scurvy and piracy against Portuguese and American ships. Some 80 of his crew of 200 were either sick or dead by the time he arrived on 27 October 1820 at Puerto Soledad (later renamed Puerto Luis by Argentine settlers, it was the one-time Spanish capital of the Falkland Islands). At anchor there he found some 50 British and US sealing ships. Captain <mask> chose to rest and recover in the islands seeking assistance from the British explorer James Weddell of the British brig Jane. Weddell reports only 30 seamen and 40 soldiers out of a crew of 200 fit for duty, and how <mask> slept with pistols over his head following an attempted mutiny for which he had executed 6 members of his crew. Declaration of Possession of the Islands

On November 6, 1820, <mask> raised the flag of the United Provinces of the River Plate and claimed possession of the islands.Weddell reports the letter he received from <mask> as:

<blockquote>Sir, I have the honour to inform you of the circumstance of my arrival at this port, commissioned by the supreme government of the United Provinces of South America to take possession of these islands in the name of the

masks:
Jewett
Jewett
Jewett
Jewett
Col Jewett
Jewett


title: David Jewett

texts:
 country to which they naturally appertain. In the performance of this duty, it is my desire to act towards all friendly flags with the most distinguished justice and politeness. A principal object is to prevent the wanton destruction of the sources of supply to those whose necessities compel or invite them to visit the islands, and to aid and assist such as require it to obtain a supply with the least trouble and expense. As your views do not enter into contravention or competition with these orders, and as I think mutual advantage may result from a personal interview, I invite you to pay me a visit on board my ship, where I shall be happy to accommodate you during your pleasure. I would also beg you, so far as comes within your sphere, to communicate this information to other British subjects in this vicinity. I have the honour to be, Sir Your most obedient humble Servant, Signed, <mask>, Colonel of the Navy of the United Provinces of South America and commander of the frigate Heroína''.</blockquote>

Many modern authors report this letter as the declaration issued by <mask>. <mask>'s ship received Weddell's assistance in obtaining anchorage off of Port Louis, and, according to Weddell, "In a few days, he took formal possession of these islands for the patriot government of Buenos Ayres, read a declaration under their colours, planted on a port in ruins, and fired a salute of twenty-one guns."Weddell also linked the ceremony to <mask>'s claim to the wreck of the Uranie and comments that it was calculated to make an impression on the masters of ships in the area. Weddell stated that some ship-masters were alarmed by <mask>'s appearance, fearing being robbed or captured and said that one contemplated an armed response. Weddell was able to convince him <mask> was

masks: Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett


title: David Jewett

texts:
 no danger and after being introduced to <mask>, he overcame his fears. Based upon <mask>'s statements in 1820, some researchers assert that he was ordered to claim the islands by Argentine authorities; others assert there is no documentary evidence to support a specific order. <mask> did not mention the claim in his 13-page request for resignation to the government of Buenos Aires, nor did the government gazette the sovereignty claim in the Gazeta de Buenos Ayres. 1820 was one of the most anarchical years in Argentine history, where there was twenty-four Governments in one year;  three in one day. Other factors cited include the roundabout route <mask> took to the islands (he was eight months into the voyage when he arrived)  and the fact that the declaration was only reported in Argentina as a foreign news story after being reported in the Salem Gazette in 1821.The article was also reproduced in The Times of 3 August 1821. Brazilian Navy career and later life
<mask> arrived in Rio de Janeiro in 1822 in command of the Maipu of 284-tons and armed with 18 cannons. The ship, originally named Vicuña when flying under Chilean flag had been captured by the Spanish, and subsequently by the Heroina. <mask> acquired her and in 1822 sold her  to Emperor Dom Pedro I, to serve as the Caboclo. <mask> then offered to join the Brazilian Navy and was appointed commander of the frigate Union on October 6, 1822. In 1823, while under the command of Lord Cochrane (the Sea Wolf), <mask> held the rank of “Chefe de Divisão” and fought in the northern provinces of Brazil, then still sympathetic to Portugal. <mask> was accused of misconduct, whilst in command of the ship Pedro I, and sentenced by the Supreme Military Court to 2 years of imprisonment, on May 20, 1824.He was pardoned two

masks: Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett Jewett


title: David Jewett

texts:
 months later by the Emperor Pedro I. In 1824, <mask> fought in the revolt in Pernambuco, against the rebel forces of Manuel de Carvalho Pais de Andrade. Cochrane's forces, including <mask>, took an active role in the restoration of public order. When the Cisplatine War began in the early 1826, it was announced on April 10 that <mask> was to replace the second in command of the Imperial Navy of the Rio de la Plata, Rear Admiral Diego de Brito. However, two days later he asked for a medical licence, and the appointment never took effect. Whilst on a trip to New York on Brazilian navy matters in 1826, <mask> married Eliza Lawrence Mactier, daughter of NYC Alderman Augustine H. Lawrence. They had a son, <mask> <mask>.<mask> had recurring health issues in his last years of service, and was on a medical licence from 1828 to 1830, and for two years in 1834-1835. His last mission was carried out in 1836. He was awarded the Imperial Order of the Southern Cross for service in the Imperial Navy of Brazil. <mask> died 26 July 1842 in Rio de Janeiro. He was interred the day after in the São Francisco de Paula church; his wife Eliza died a few months later. In 1850 his remains were relocated to the new cemetery of the Order of the Minims, in Catumbí. References

Bibliography

Child, Jack.Geopolitics and Conflict in South America: Quarrels Among Neighbors. New York; Praeger, 1985, pp. 112–115. Gough, Barry. The Falkland Islands/Malvinas: The Contest for Empire in the South Atlantic. London: Athlone Press, 1992, pp. 55–59.Strange, Ian J. The Falkland Islands''. London: David & Charles Press, 1983, p. 194. History of the Falkland Islands
Maritime history of Argentina
American emigrants to Argentina
Naturalized citizens of Argentina
Naturalized citizens of Brazil
1772

masks:
Jewett
Jewett
Jewett
Jewett
Augustine David
Lawrence Jewett
Jewett
Jewett


title: Kala Bagai

texts:
<mask> (later <mask>; 1893-1983) was one of the first South Asian women in the United States. The Smithsonian described her as "a life-long advocate for immigrants and a mother figure among South Asian communities in California." Early life in India
<mask> was born into a Sikh family in Amritsar in British India on April 15, 1893, the daughter of Narain Singh and Kani Dhingra. She married <mask>, and moved to Peshawar to live with him and his family. They had three sons, Brij, Madan, and Ram. <mask> was involved with the anti-colonial Ghadar Party. After the death of his parents, he hoped to move to the United States with his family to join other Ghadar activists, leaving what he described as an enslaved country.Immigration
When <mask> <mask> was 22, she, Vaishno and their sons moved to the United States, arriving in San Francisco in September 1915. Upon arrival, the Bagais spent a few days in detention at Angel Island. They were questioned about why they immigrated, but officials became less suspicious after seeing that the Bagais had brought all their savings with them. <mask> <mask> was one of very few South Asian women in the United States, and her family was among the few able to immigrate together to the United States. Life in Northern California
In San Francisco, according to granddaughter <mask>, "She delighted in seeing a city newly rebuilt from earthquake ruins, touring the marvels of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, and walking on a sandy beach, things she’d never experienced in India." <mask> <mask>'s arrival in San Francisco was noted in newspapers like the San Francisco Call-Post and the Washington Post, which remarked on her nose ring. Vaishno <mask> had learned English in school at India, but Kala

masks:
Kala Bagai
Kala Bagai Chandra
Kala
Vaishno Das Bagai
Vaishno Das Bagai
Kala
Bagai
Kala
Bagai
Rani Bagai
Kala
Bagai
Das Bagai


title: Kala Bagai

texts: had yet to learn the language.She learned English after arrival, with the support of a German family who helped look after her children, giving her time to study. She also found ways to support the Indian independence movement. Writes <mask>, "And from then on, they were kind of pioneers, because there really were very few Indians there around to help them, or to help them…acclimate…[Vaishno <mask>] dressed in a Western style with suits. My grandmother still wore a sari, though. She was very traditional, and she didn't eat meat, so that was kind of hard for her to adjust to, because, you know, so meat-centric, their diet then…But she managed…eating fruits and vegetables, and got by, and so they embarked on this adventure in San Francisco." In her 1982 oral history interview, <mask> <mask> described how she and her husband attempted to move from San Francisco to Berkeley, California, where racist neighbors prevented them from entering their newly purchased home. Writes historian Erika Lee, "The family achieved a dream when they bought their first home in the city of Berkeley.But when they pulled up to their new neighborhood on moving day, they found that the neighbors had locked up the house to prevent them from moving in. 'All of our luggage and everything was loaded on the trucks,' recounted <mask> <mask>. 'I told Mr. <mask> I don’t want to live in this neighborhood. I don’t want to live in this house, because they might hurt my children, and I don’t want it. He agreed. We paid for the house and they locked the doors? No!'"They made their lives in San Francisco, where over the years, Vaishno ran several stores. One was an import store called "Bagai's Bazaar," which sold things like curios and handmade goods from

masks:
Rani Bagai
Das Bagai
Kala
Bagai
Kala
Bagai
Bagai


title: Kala Bagai

texts:
 India, embroideries from China, and other goods from Asia. Another was a general store that sold items like candy, trinkets, soap, and supplies; the Bagais lived in an apartment right above. The battle for citizenship
Vaishno <mask> became a naturalized United States citizen in 1921, but his citizenship was revoked in the wake of the 1923 Bhagat Singh Thind decision. This forced them to sell their property, including their store, and left them stateless people unable to get a U.S. passport. According to <mask>, "that meant that now he could not travel to India unless it was back under an Indian passport under the crown, the British Crown…But there were a lot worse implications…he now could not own a business. So I believe it had to be transferred to a friend or someone who was not Indian.So there were a lot of problems then with that. It was bad enough trying to run it on his own, and the discrimination and the bias, but now having to run it through a second party and, you know, the trust you put into someone to manage the money and give you the money that's owed to you…there were…issues there where he was swindled or lost money and he felt, I think, quite a bit of despair and frustration towards the end. No matter what he did…he can't go home to India. They would pursue him, they would probably arrest him if he came back there because of the work he did with the Ghadar party in San Francisco. He couldn't make a go of things the way he dreamed of in San Francisco, for his family and, you know, the idea of a business and all that were kind of vanishing. So it was a very…depressing, frustrating time for him." Vaishno <mask> committed suicide in 1928.In his suicide note, he wrote "I do not choose to live the life

masks:
Das Bagai
Rani Bagai
Das Bagai


title: Kala Bagai

texts:
 of an interned person: yes, I am in a free country and can move about where and when I wish inside the country. Is life worth living in a gilded cage? Obstacles this way, blockades that way, and the bridges burnt behind." <mask> <mask>, now a widow, raised her three children without the benefit of United States citizenship. She was proud to be able to eventually send all three of her sons to college, to Stanford, UC Berkeley, and USC. She remarried in 1934, to Mahesh Chandra, another Ghadar activist and an old family friend. She finally received her United States citizenship in 1950, after the passage of the Luce-Celler Act of 1946.Activism in Southern California
<mask> <mask> and Mahesh Chandra moved to Southern California in the late 1940s, where she built a new life for herself. Granddaughter <mask> described her new life: "She flouted her cultural norms by marrying again, to another Indian activist and a graduate of UC Berkeley, Mahesh Chandra. She reinvented herself, attending night school, wearing Western dresses, and even learning tennis. She had many close American friends and never went on a social visit without a gift box of See’s candy." By the 1950s, <mask> <mask> had become an activist and community-builder in the early Indian and Pakistani immigrant community. She organized with other South Asian immigrant and American women, planned arts events, raised funds for post-Partition refugees, welcomed newcomers to her home, and built connections. According to <mask>:"it seemed to be my grandmother’s personal mission to create a welcoming community to other immigrants arriving in this land, where she herself was once a stranger, and to show the kind of generosity of spirit to them that had been denied to

masks:
Kala
Bagai
Kala
Bagai
Rani Bagai
Kala
Bagai
Rani Bagai


title: Kala Bagai

texts:
 her and her family.Working with both American and South Asian immigrant women like herself, she went on in the 1950s and 1960s to become an active community builder in Southern California, hosting Indian American cultural events, receptions, and benefits at community halls, theaters, and homes. She built bridges wherever she could between her adopted American culture and the great diversity of Indian culture." South Asian immigrant community members would sometimes refer to her as "Jhaiji" or "Mother India." <mask> <mask> died in Los Angeles on October 4, 1983, at age 90. Legacy
<mask> <mask>'s photos, letters, and oral history audio are archived by the South Asian American Digital Archive. Her story has become a subject of increasing interest to Asian American and other historians after her death. The city of Berkeley, California named a downtown street after <mask> <mask> in 2021, as part of the reconfiguration of Shattuck Avenue.A two block stretch of Shattuck Avenue East was renamed "Kala Bagai Way" after a year of community activism in support, in recognition of both her activism and her racist exclusion from the city a century before. It was the first street in the city named after an Asian American. See also
 Racial classification of Indian Americans
 Kartar Dhillon
 Anandi Gopal Joshi
 Pandita Ramabai

References

External links
 Kala Bagai materials on the South Asian American Digital Archive
 "Kala Bagai" video by Timeline

Immigrant rights activists
1892 births
1983 deaths
American people of Indian descent
American people of Pakistani descent
American people of Punjabi descent
History of Berkeley, California
Indian expatriates in the United States
People from Los Angeles
People from San

masks: Kala Bagai Kala Bagai Kala Bagai


title: Janie Dee

texts:
<mask> (born 20 June 1962) is an English actress and singer. She won the Olivier Award for Best Actress, Evening Standard Award and Critics' Circle Theatre Award for Best Actress in a Play, and in New York the Obie and Theatre World Award for Best Newcomer, for her performance as Jacie Triplethree in Alan Ayckbourn's Comic Potential. She also won the Olivier Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Musical for her performance as Carrie Pipperidge in Nicholas Hytner's acclaimed production of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Carousel at the National Theatre. In 2013, <mask> won the TMA Theatre Award UK for Best Performance in a Musical for her performance as Dolly Levi in Hello Dolly at Curve, Leicester. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Old Windsor, Berkshire. She is the daughter of John Lewis and Ruth Lewis (née Miller) and the eldest of four sisters. She trained at the Arts Educational School in Chiswick, London.On leaving ArtsEd, <mask> began her career as a dancer, subsequently moving to Rome, Italy where she taught dance, took singing lessons, and learned to speak Italian. Theatre

1986–2000

<mask>'s first West End production was Gillian Lynne's 1986 revival of Cabaret by Kander and Ebb in which she played Gertie and understudied the role of Sally Bowles. This led to an invitation from Wayne Sleep, who played the Emcee in that production, to join his UK tour. Subsequently, the choreographer Bill Deamer invited her to the Salisbury Playhouse to perform in A Chorus of Disapproval by Alan Ayckbourn. This began a close association between <mask>, Ayckbourn and his work. This led to leading roles in musical theatre, including Sarah Brown in Guys and Dolls, Ellie May Chipley in the award-winning Royal Shakespeare Company and Opera North production of Show Boat at the London Palladium, Bombalurina in Andrew Lloyd Webber's Cats, Duke Ellington's

masks:
Janie Dee
Dee
Janie Dee
Dee
Dee
Dee


title: Janie Dee

texts:
 Sophisticated Ladies, Claudine in Cole Porter's Can-Can, and Ado Annie in the national tour of Oklahoma!. <mask>'s portrayal of Carrie Pipperidge in the 1993 Royal National Theatre's production of Carousel earned her an Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical and an invitation from Sir Richard Eyre to play her first major straight role; that of Julie in Johnny on a Spot at the National Theatre, where she subsequently went on to play Helen of Troy in The Women of Troy.<mask> has had an important working relationship with the playwright and director Alan Ayckbourn. This began with Paul Todd's fringe production of Between The Lines for which Ayckbourn wrote song lyrics and was followed by Dreams From A Summerhouse at the Stephen Joseph Theatre in Scarborough. She returned to work with Ayckbourn in 1996 in Neil Simon's They're Playing Our Song and it was during the run of this show Ayckbourn wrote Comic Potential 'with Janie in mind'. Her performance as Jacie Triplethree at Scarborough, subsequently in the West End and then at the Manhattan Theatre Club in New York, won her three Best Actress Awards in 1999 and 2000, an Obie Award in 2001 and a 2000–1 Theatre World Award as Best Newcomer, as well as considerable critical acclaim. In New York Magazine, John Simon wrote "Miss <mask>'s creation is a spectacular achievement. I am not sure that I have ever seen its equal, but I am certain I have never seen, nor ever will see, it's superior." 2001–10

<mask> is known for her versatility as a performer.She was invited by opera director David Pountney, to play Lidotchka in his production of Shostakovich's Paradise Moscow for Opera North. She followed this playing Masha in Brian Friel's translation of Chekhov's Three Sisters and Edyth Herbert, opposite Tim Flavin in the George Gershwin musical My One and Only, both at the Chichester

masks: Dee Dee Dee Dee


title: Janie Dee

texts: Festival Theatre. My One and Only subsequently transferred to the West End and <mask> was nominated for an Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical. As a result, in 2003 Sir Peter Hall asked <mask> to star in his season at the Theatre Royal, Bath, playing Gilda in Noël Coward's Design for Living and Emma in Harold Pinter's Betrayal, opposite Aden Gillett and Hugo Speer. Betrayal subsequently transferred to the Duchess Theatre in the West End. Hall then invited her to play Beatrice in his production of Much Ado About Nothing. In 2005 Pinter invited <mask> to play Kate in Old Times at the Gate Theatre, Dublin and to participate in a celebration of his work, including a reading of his play Celebration, with Jeremy Irons, Derek Jacobi, Sinéad Cusack, Penelope Wilton, Michael Gambon, Stephen Rea and Stephen Brennan.Producer, Michael Colgan, subsequently transferred the piece to London's Noël Coward Theatre, for 3 performances, with Charles Dance playing the Maitre D. Six months later Celebration was filmed for Channel 4, with Colin Firth playing the role of Russell, opposite <mask> as Suki. In 2006 <mask> returned to musical theatre to play Mabel Normand in John Doyle's production of Jerry Herman's Mack and Mabel opposite David Soul at the Criterion Theatre, after which <mask> took over the role of Lady Driver in Michael Frayn's Donkeys' Years at the Comedy Theatre. At the end of the run <mask> helped to organise a reading for charity of William Nicholson's play Shadowlands which deals with the relationship between C. S. Lewis and the American writer Joy Gresham. Charles Dance played C.S. Lewis. Sir Peter Hall, Harold Pinter and <mask> were reunited for the National tour of Old Times with Susannah Harker and Neil Pearson and then a West End Production of Shadowlands was mounted in which <mask> was reunited with director Michael Barker-Caven and Charles

masks: Dee Dee Dee Dee Dee Dee Dee Dee Dee