title: David Rains Wallace

texts: sometimes runs out of sight, buried in sand, but overflows into waterfalls farther downstream. It can be easy to ignore, but it keeps eroding the bedrock." The article notes that more nature writers are active than ever in the late twentieth century, but asks if—given the increasing pressures of population and economic growth—nature writers will continue to have as much effect as in the past. <mask> returned to this theme twenty years later, writing an article entitled "Has Success Spoiled Nature Writing?" which observes that, despite the proliferation of nature writers and the financial success of some, positive conservation indicators such as the creation of new national parks has not kept pace with nature writing's popularity.<mask> cites the failure of his own attempts to promote a new park in the Klamath/Siskiyou Mountains region, and maintains that other new parks are needed in areas like the Great Plains,which biologists regard as necessary for the long term preservation of wild bison. Perhaps significantly, The New York Times Book Review rejected the article, although the Los Angeles Times ran a shortened version of it entitled "The Waning Power of Nature's Priests" as an op ed on November 28, 2004. The complete versions of both articles are published in Articulate Earth, Backcountry Press, 2014. In an introduction to <mask>'s 1986 book, The Untamed Garden, Ohio State University English Professor John Muste wrote: "<mask>, I think, is in love with the planet we inhabit and with those who share it with us, but his love his unsentimental. It includes the recognition that nature is not benign or hostile,

masks: Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace


title: David Rains Wallace

type: original

texts: it is itself, obeying no human laws... <mask> shows that the American landscape and most of its ecosystems have been altered irrevocably by what we have done to them and that we simply do not have anything like enough knowledge to have any idea of the long range effects of our tampering. At the same time, <mask> is no Jeremiah threatening us with destruction. He specifically rejects the role of the nature-elegist who weeps literary tears for natural changes.In a thoughtful essay on those who write about nature, he reminds us that the idea of nature as loser is a myth, once useful in the encouraging of the growth of civilization and of knowledge. But it is only a myth: 'Nature is not a loser because it is not a competitor.' There is a sanity in these essays that rejects easy formulations, whether elegaic or sanguine." <mask> has worked in other literary genres, always from a conservation stance. Two novels are "ecothrillers" revolving around issues like endangered species and wilderness protection. Two books on evolutionary history, The Bonehunters' Revenge and Beasts of Eden, try to stress the importance of evolution as a matrix for the human past and future. The National Audubon Society and Wildlife Conservation Society commissioned two of <mask>'s books, Life in the Balance and Adventuring in Central America as ways of informing the public on conservation concerns through television and ecotourism.<mask> originally wanted to be a painter, then a filmmaker. His BA thesis was a study of illusion in the plays of August Strindberg and Ingmar Bergman. He worked as a teaching assistant at Columbia Film School in

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title: Joseph Zen

texts:
<mask>iun SDB (, born 13 January 1932) is a cardinal of the Catholic Church from Hong Kong, who served as the sixth Bishop of Hong Kong. He was appointed cardinal in 2006, and has been outspoken on issues regarding human rights, political freedom, and religious liberty. His strong ties with the pro-democracy camp often attract criticism from the pro-Beijing camp and the government of the People's Republic of China. He retired on 15 April 2009, but remains a strong pro-democracy influence in Hong Kong. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Shanghai to Catholic parents, <mask> and Margaret Tseu. He studied in a church school during the Second Sino-Japanese War, but was sent to an abbey after his father suffered a stroke. <mask> fled to Hong Kong from Shanghai to escape Communist rule at the end of the Chinese Civil War.After entering the Salesians at the Hong Kong novitiate, he was ordained to the priesthood on 11 February 1961 by Cardinal Maurilio Fossati. <mask> obtained a licentiate in theology (1961) and a doctorate in philosophy (1964) from the Salesian Pontifical University in Rome. After 1973, he taught in the Holy Spirit Seminary College of Hong Kong – 1976 to 1978 of Macao Salesian School (Instituto Salesiano) as principal. In 1978 he became the Provincial Superior of Salesians (which includes mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan), then resigned in 1983. He was a lecturer in the seminaries in China, centres of studies acknowledged by the Communist party, between 1989 and 1996. He was appointed the coadjutor Bishop of Hong Kong in 1996 by Pope John Paul II. Retirement

On 18 September 2005, he told Hong Kong newspaper Apple Daily reporters that he was willing to retire in January 2007.He also said that he wanted to be a teacher in either mainland China or in Africa, as there was a shortage of teachers in Africa. Democratic Party ex-chairman Martin Lee, also a Roman Catholic, stated that because <mask> was still healthy for his age, the Pope may

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 request him to stay in his position. Legislative Council member Audrey Eu praised <mask> for being braver than other religious leaders in Hong Kong in sharing his political views and also because "he carried out his ideas of fairness, equitableness, and philanthropy via actual efforts". On the other hand, some conservatives inside the church speculated that the strained relationship between Beijing and the Holy See will become more relaxed if <mask> retires. Nonetheless, <mask> wrote a letter to the Pope on 13 January 2006 and stated that he did want to retire from his position, though not because of his age. On 15 April 2009, Pope Benedict accepted Cardinal <mask>'s resignation and John Tong Hon became the Bishop of the diocese. From 22 October 2011 for three days Cardinal <mask> went on hunger strike which was undertaken as an act of protest against losing a long-standing legal battle with the Hong Kong government over how aided schools should be run.He later wrote about his experiences in an open letter. Cardinalate

On 22 February 2006, the Vatican announced that <mask> would be elevated to the College of Cardinals by Pope Benedict XVI in the consistory on 24 March 2006. <mask>, who was created Cardinal-Priest of Santa Maria Madre del Redentore a Tor Bella Monaca, saw his elevation as indication of how much the Pope values the Church in China. He was named a member of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. Bishop <mask>'s elevation was welcomed by Catholics in Hong Kong as it was seen as a recognition of the bishop's stance on social justice and as an honour for the church in Hong Kong. Vicar General Dominic Chan Chi-ming said that it would be an honour to have a cardinal to once again head the diocese. Rev.Louis Ha Ke-loon said it shows that the Pope feels that Bishop <mask> should speak out. Democrat legislator Martin Lee added that it was good news because no matter whether he is a bishop or a cardinal, as a religious leader

masks: Zen Zen Zen Zen Zen Zen Zen Zen Zen


title: Joseph Zen

texts:
 <mask> speaks as moral voice of the people. At the time of his elevation, <mask> was the only Chinese cardinal eligible to participate in papal conclaves. His elevation can be seen as giving hope to the underground Catholic Church in China. Cardinal <mask> offered a Pontifical High Mass in the Tridentine Rite in May 2006, for which he was thanked by traditionalist Catholics around the world. Pope Benedict XVI named Cardinal <mask> to write the meditations for the Stations of the Cross led by the Pope at the Roman Colisseum on Good Friday, 21 March 2008. Relations with the People's Republic of China
In October 2011, <mask> said that he had received HK$20 million from Hong Kong tycoon Jimmy Lai since 2005, which went to helping the underground Church and the poor on the mainland.In 2014 Cardinal <mask>-kiun asked Pope Francis not to visit China, saying the pontiff would be “manipulated”. In an interview he told the Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera: “I would tell him now, ‘Don’t come, you would be manipulated'. ...The few courageous [Catholics] could not meet [the Pope], and the Communist Party would show him the illegitimate bishops, including the three excommunicated ones.” The comments came as ties between the Vatican and China improved in the early days of the pontificate of Francis, with the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs congratulating Francis on his election. Cardinal <mask> said he did not see signs of dialogue happening between the Catholic Church and China. “Even if under these conditions Beijing was to extend a hand, it would be a trick under these circumstances,” he said. “Our poor bishops are slaves, the Communist Party denies them respect, tries to take away their dignity.”

In September 2014 as part of the 2014 Hong Kong protests, Cardinal <mask> addressed the protesters saying "It's high time we really showed that we want to be free and not to be slaves. ... We must unite together".During his speech protesters were fired on with tear gas and

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 he asked them to disperse. In a 2018 interview, Cardinal <mask>, on Sino-Holy See relations, said “Pope Francis does not know the real Communist Party in China, but Parolin should know. He was there [in the Secretariat of State] so many years, so he must know. He may be happy to encourage the pope to be optimistic about the negotiations … but that’s dangerous. Pope Francis needs someone to calm him down from his enthusiasm.” <mask> added that  “It seems the Secretary of State wants to have a solution anyway. He is so optimistic. That’s dangerous.I told the pope that he [Parolin] has a poisoned mind. He is very sweet, but I have no trust in this person. He believes in diplomacy, not in our faith.”

In 2019, <mask> responded to Cardinal Filoni's weeklong trip to Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau. Cardinal Filoni said that the provisional agreement between Beijing and the Holy See signed in 2018 “will be a very good thing for the Church in the future, and also for China.” <mask> suggested that “One wonders: from which planet did our leaders in Rome descend?” <mask>, the emeritus bishop of Hong Kong, responded on his blog on 5 March. <mask> added that “The incredible thing is the invitation to trust the government! Is information on recent oppression measures missing from our superiors in the Vatican?” <mask> later expressed a desire to tell Pope Francis that the pontiff's actions were "encouraging a schism" by "legitimizing the schismatic church in China." During the 2019–2020 Hong Kong protests, <mask> criticized Pope Francis after he was quoted as saying that he loved China and would like to visit and condemned his lack of stance against China.Views

Advocacy for democracy
After he succeeded as Bishop of Hong Kong on 23 September 2002, he led the Diocese in voicing reservations about the proposed anti-subversion laws, required under Article 23 of the Basic Law. He was worried that these laws, if enacted without a thorough consultation process including a white paper,

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title: Joseph Zen

texts:
 could easily lead to future violations of basic civil rights. On 1 July 2003, he took part in a prayer gathering at Victoria Park before the 1 July March began. Many Christians, including Catholics and those of other denominations, attended the demonstration. Cardinal <mask> attended the 4 June 2006 Prayer gathering in memory of the victims of the 1989 massacre. He asked the Chinese government to let the Chinese people freely discuss the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. Education reform controversies

On 5 June 2005, <mask> announced that if the Legislative Council passed a proposal to support the schools to create incorporated management committees on 8 July 2005, he would appeal against the decision to the court.The Education (Amendment) Bill 2002, once enacted, would likely play down the role of the Church in running Catholic schools and in promoting Catholic education. However, after the Government gave up some argued points in the motion, the Diocese decided to support the motion, though the Diocese later announced plans to prosecute the Government on 28 September 2005. After two teachers committed suicide in early January 2006, <mask> said that these acts must be due to the educational reforms and he asked the government to halt new reforms. Then Permanent Secretary for Education and Manpower Fanny Law rejected causal connections, but provoked furor among teachers and the public when she questioned why only two teachers committed suicide because of the reforms. She apologised for her "inappropriate" remarks on 10 January. Tridentine Mass
In 2021, <mask> criticized Pope Francis's motu proprio, Traditionis custodes, stating that "Many tendentious generalizations in the documents [of the motu proprio] have hurt the hearts of many good people more than expected." He added that he believed that many people who had been hurt by the restrictions "have never given the smallest reason to be suspected of not accepting the liturgical reform of the [Second Vatican

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texts:
 Council]."WTO affairs
On 18 December 2005, <mask> visited protesters at the 2005 WTO Ministerial Conference and tried to visit the detained South Korean Catholics, including two priests and a nun. He criticised the Hong Kong police for their treatment of the protesters. About one month later, several unions in Hong Kong Police Force decided to write a letter to the Pope to complain about <mask>'s speech. <mask> replied that some policemen were "sycophantic to the senior officers inside the police force". Bibliography

 Way of the Cross with Pope Benedict XVI (2009)
 L'agnello e il dragone: Dialoghi su Cina e Cristianesimo (2016) - "The lamb and the dragon: Dialogues on China and Christianity"
 為了熙雍，我決不緘默 (2018) - "For Zion, I will not remain silent"
For Love of My People I Will Not Remain Silent: On the Situation of the Church in China (2019). San Francisco: Ignatius Press. See also
 Roman Catholicism in Hong Kong

References

External links

 Cheng, Jonathan."Hong Kong Cardinal's Departure Could Boost Beijing-Vatican Ties," Wall Street Journal. 24 December 2008. GCatholic.org on the Bishops of Hong Kong
Catholic Pages
His Biography by the Catholic Church
Bishop <mask> supports referendum for full democracy
Press Interview with <mask>
Bishop <mask> Talkasia Transcript
'Conscience of HK' Ordained Cardinal
Police send letter to Pope complaining about Bishop <mask> who makes light of it
Salt and Light interview with Cardinal <mask>
Zenit News Agency about Cardinal <mask>'s meditations for the Papal Way of the Cross
<mask>'s Facebook Page (Chinese)
<mask>'s Blog (Chinese)

|-

20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hong Kong
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hong Kong
1932 births
Roman Catholic bishops of Hong Kong
Chinese cardinals
Chinese democracy activists
Living people
People from Shanghai
People with acquired permanent residency of Hong Kong
Salesians of Don Bosco
Salesian cardinals
Hong Kong democracy activists
Cardinals created by Pope Benedict

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title: Jim Keays

texts:
<mask> (9 September 194613 June 2014) was a Scottish-born Australian musician who fronted the rock band The Masters Apprentices as singer-songwriter, guitarist and harmonica-player from 1965 to 1972 and subsequently had a solo career. He also wrote for a music newspaper, Go-Set, as its Adelaide correspondent in 1970 and its London correspondent in 1973. The Masters Apprentices had Top 20 hits on the Go-Set National Singles Charts with "Undecided", "Living in a Child's Dream", "5:10 Man", "Think about Tomorrow Today", "Turn Up Your Radio" and "Because I Love You". The band reformed periodically, including in 1987 to 1988 and again subsequently. <mask>, as a member of the Masters Apprentices, was inducted into the ARIA Hall of Fame in 1998. As a solo artist he issued the albums The Boy from the Stars (December 1974), Red on the Meter (October 1983), Pressure Makes Diamonds (1993), Resonator (2006) and Dirty, Dirty (2012). He published his memoirs, His Master's Voice: The Masters Apprentices: The Bad Boys of Sixties Rock 'n' Roll, in 1999.From 2000, he performed in Cotton Keays & Morris alongside other former 1960s artists Darryl Cotton and Russell Morris. In July 2007, <mask> was diagnosed with myeloma, which caused his kidneys to fail. By 2009 the cancer was in remission after chemotherapy and stem-cell transplants. However, he died in 2014 from pneumonia due to complications resulting from his cancer at age 67. Early years

<mask> was born on 9 September 1946 in Glasgow, Scotland, where his unwed mother put him up for adoption at six months old. He was adopted by <mask> Sr. (born 7 November 1916) and Jessie Cameron (née Caldwell) <mask> (born 16 February 1915), a childless couple from Clydebank. They migrated to Australia on RMS Asturias, leaving Southampton on 5 September 1951, four days before he turned

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texts:
 five.They settled in Beaumont, a suburb of Adelaide. He attended Burnside Primary School and then Norwood High School. <mask> played Australian rules football up to under-17s and golf—a passion shared with his father. His interest in rock music began when he heard "Rip It Up" by Little Richard and "Great Balls of Fire" by Jerry Lee Lewis on a school friend's turntable when he was 11. The Mustangs

The Mustangs were a surf music instrumental, dance band formed in Adelaide in 1964 with Mick Bower on rhythm guitar, Rick Morrison on lead guitar, Brian Vaughton on drums and Gavin Webb on bass guitar. After the Beatles toured Australia, the Mustangs changed styles and advertised for a lead singer. <mask> was the successful applicant.After he joined, the band played one set of instrumental covers of the Shadows and the Ventures followed by a second set of originals in the beat style with <mask> on vocals. The Masters Apprentices

In late 1965, the Mustangs with <mask> aboard renamed themselves the Masters Apprentices (deliberately omitting the apostrophe). Bower supplied the name because "we are apprentices to the masters of the blues—Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, <mask>, Elmore James and Robert Johnson". Early original songs were largely written (or co-written) by Bower, including Top 20 hit singles, "Undecided" and "Living in a Child's Dream". Ian Meldrum of Go-Set, the teen pop music newspaper, declared that they had "made the grade". Whilst a member of the Masters Apprentices, <mask> was one of hundreds of potential national service conscripts whose 20th birthday, 9 September, was picked in a 1966 ballot. He was able to legally avoid the draft by signing with the Citizens Military Force (CMF, later renamed the Army Reserve) and eluded a "short back and sides" haircut with the aid of a girlfriend, who pinned his

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texts:
 long hair up under his slouch hat whenever he attended CMF sessions.By February 1967 the band had relocated to Melbourne. Late that year he began taking the illegal psychedelic drug, LSD. After Bower left the group in September 1967, because of a severe nervous breakdown, <mask> became the de facto leader, while various line-up changes followed. <mask> chose their "velvet, satin and floral-print psychedelic gear", which they wore on stage and for photo shoots. In January 1968, Colin Burgess (ex-the Haze) joined on drums, followed by Doug Ford (ex-the Missing Links, Running Jumping Standing Still) on lead guitar. <mask> and Ford began working as a song writing team, beginning with "Brigette", released as a single in June, which peaked into the Top 40. Glenn Wheatley (from Brisbane's blues group Bay City Union) had joined on rhythm guitar by May and later took over bass guitar.The Masters Apprentices became the "bad-boys of rock", <mask> was interviewed for Go-Set by staff reporter, Lily Brett, and the 'expose' was printed on 17 July 1968, headlined "Sex is Thrust upon Us", the article and its follow-up, "Whose Breasts Are Best? ", revealed aspects of the bacchanalian scene where female groupies were called band molls:

The "bad-boy" publicity also frustrated their manager, Darryl Sambell, who had planned to market them as a wholesome teen combo. <mask> stated that there was a backlash from the interview: the roadway outside his flat in East St Kilda was daubed with the slogan "Band Moll's Paradise" in one-metre high letters, threats of physical beatings were made by male audience members and press claims that they were "sex maniacs" were regularly printed. During 1969 the band switched to wearing leather stage outfits—it was routine for the band to have their clothes and hair literally torn off by

masks: Keays Keays Keays Keays Keays


title: Jim Keays

texts: frantic fans, and the cost of buying expensive stage clothes which were being shredded nightly was sending them broke. But the leather gear—which resisted even the most ardent fans—provided them with their longest-wearing outfits in years, and <mask> maintained that it saved them thousands of dollars. In April 1970, EMI released the group's most popular single, "Turn Up Your Radio", co-written by <mask> and Ford, produced by Howard Gable, and engineered by Ern Rose. It was recorded at a late-night session and <mask> later recounted that he was so drunk when he recorded his vocals that he had to be held up to the microphone.The song was deliberately designed to be loud and offensive, and was intended as the final nail in the coffin to their ill-conceived teenybopper image. It was released just before the start of the 1970 radio ban—a major dispute between commercial radio stations and record companies—which resulted in the banning of many major-label releases. Despite little commercial radio airplay, the song raced up the charts and peaked at No. 7 nationally. During that year <mask> was the Adelaide-based correspondent for Go-Set. <mask> and Ford co-wrote four of the band's Top 20 hits with "5:10 Man" (No. 16 on the Go-Set National Top 40 Charts, 1969), "Think About Tomorrow Today" (No.12, 1969), "Turn Up Your Radio" (No. 7, 1970) and "Because I Love You" (No. 12, 1971). <mask> and Ford also co-wrote "Quicksand" which was issued as a single by Adelaide-based blues group, The Expression, in June 1970. Australian musicologist, Ian McFarlane, declared that the track "ranks as one of the most astonishing hard guitar/psychedelic singles of the period". <mask> and Ford co-wrote "St John's Wood" (mid-1970) for Brisbane-formed group, the Sect, which had relocated to Melbourne in late 1969 and signed with the

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texts:
 same booking agency. From July 1970 the Masters Apprentices had relocated to the United Kingdom where they tried to break into the local market but they disbanded in 1972 without achieving any UK charting.Solo and with Southern Cross

After leaving the Masters Apprentices in early 1972, <mask> returned to Australia and completed promotional duties for their just released single, "Love Is", which did not chart. He established a talent brokerage, Rock on Agency. <mask> compèred the Meadows Technicolor Fair in Adelaide in January that year. He wrote an article about the festival for Go-Set, which was printed to coincide with its first day. He followed by compèring the Mulwala Festival in April. According to Daily Planets Dean Moriarty the latter festival's promoters had shown "little respect for artists and audience", <mask> and his wife "spent a night ... on the ground in the rain". From late March 1973 he played the role of "The Lover" in the Australian version of the Who's rock opera, Tommy.The Melbourne performance was broadcast in early April on TV station HSV-7. Also during that year <mask> wrote for Go-Set as their London correspondent, providing "News and gossip from within the music industry". In January 1974, <mask> compèred the fourth annual Sunbury Pop Festival. He then oversaw the Masters Apprentices' compilation album Now That It's Over (October 1974), drawing on their later career. He designed its cover, with liner notes written by Howard Lindley, a freelance journalist and film maker. Lindley had been working on a film about the group before he committed suicide in 1972. EMI released a track from the compilation as single by The Masters Apprentices, "Rio de Camero", in August 1974, which garnered radio airplay but it did not chart.In December 1974, <mask> released his debut solo album, Boy

masks: Keays Keays Keays Keays Keays Keays


title: Jim Keays

texts: from the Stars, also on EMI. It was an ambitious concept LP with the science fiction theme of an alien arriving on Earth to warn of the misuse of power sources. For the album, which was produced by Ian Miller, <mask> wrote all the lyrics and most of the music. Session musicians included: David Allardice on piano, James Black on guitar, Geoff Bridgeford on drums, Joe Creighton on bass guitar, Mick Elliot on guitar, Dennis Garcia on keyboard, Billy Green on guitar, Marcia Hines on backing vocals and Lobby Loyde on guitar. The Canberra Times Tony Catterall felt the "main concept ... has been done to death" while musically it showed a "lack of expertise ... while striving for effect succeeds only in producing a sea of mud that obscures <mask>'s lyrics and drowns the individual instruments in a swirl of uninteresting sound". Whereas McFarlane declared it was "put together with a great deal of skill and attention to detail". His first single, "Kid's Blues", was also released in December.Some tracks from Boy from the Stars were performed at the final Sunbury Pop Festival in January 1975, by his all-star backing group, <mask>ays Band. They were joined on-stage by Wheatley, recently returned from the UK, in their last performance together for over ten years. As a member of The Masters Apprentices, <mask> had endured rip-offs, where promoters had made considerable profits while they had received little payment. At Sunbury 1975 <mask> and his band were one of few Australian groups to be paid for appearing—<mask> had wisely arranged an outside sponsor—low attendance and the huge $60,000 fee paid to head-lining group, Deep Purple, meant that few of the other Australian acts were paid, and the festival organisers went into liquidation soon after. His second single, "The Boy from the Stars", was released in February.

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texts: <mask> provided lead vocals for Cybotron's Steve Maxwell Von Braund's debut solo album, Monster Planet (1975). He followed with a single-only release, "Give It Up", an anti-drug song, and subsequently toured with the line-up of Allardice, Bridgeford, Creighton, Elliot and Garcia in his backing band.Late that year he formed <mask>' Southern Cross with Elliot and Rick Brewer (ex-Zoot) on drums, Rex Bullen (Bakery) on keyboards, George Cross (Clydehouse) on bass guitar. They reworked, "Undecided" which was issued as a single for CBS Records in December 1975, by then the line-up had changed to Peter Laffy (Fox) on guitar, Ron Robinson on bass guitar and John Swan (Fraternity) on drums. <mask> co-produced an album, Riding High (February 1976), by Melbourne-based hard rock group Freeway, which Catterall opined had "a serious identity problem ... not knowing if it's the Allman Brothers Band, Grinderswitch or Lynard Skynard, it also has tendencies toward sounding like Bad Company and the Doobie Brothers"; while <mask> work is criticised as he "does tend to overuse" synthesisers. In July 1977, he teamed up with Phil Manning (ex-Bay City Union, Chain) on guitar to form Manning/Keays Band. The line-up included Peter Cuddily on bass guitar (ex-Space Waltz); John Grant on keyboards (ex-Freeway); Andrew Kay on violin and keyboards; and Robert Ross on drums. The band started recording an album but <mask> left the project, which continued as Manning. Also that year <mask> relocated to the United States' West Coast, where he lived for almost two years.By 1978 he formed another version of <mask>ays Band with Black, Robinson, and David Rowe on drums. Black was replaced by John Moon (Buster Brown) on guitar and Geoff Spooner on guitar. Renamed as The Keays in 1979, his band was Moon, Peter Marshall on bass guitar, Nigel

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texts: Rough on drums (Loose Trousers) and Bruce Stewart on guitar (Loose Trousers). This line-up released the single, "Lucifer Street" in 1980, Stewart became seriously ill and the album, Red on the Meter was delayed until October 1983. It was produced by John L Sayers (Radio Birdman, <mask>, Mi-Sex). <mask> worked as a radio DJ from 1983 to 1987, and was also a producer of Melbourne music program, Performance which was renamed as Night Life, during 1984 to 1985. <mask> and Moon joined as guest musicians with The Incredible Penguins (containing future band mate Wayne Mathews) in 1985, for a cover of "Happy Xmas (War Is Over)", in a charity project for research on Fairy penguins, which peaked at No.10 on the Australian Kent Music Report in December. In 1987 he signed with Virgin Records in UK and recorded another version of "Undecided" with Andy Scott (Sweet) on guitar and produced by Craig Leon. The single was released in July, followed by a cover of Count Five's "Psychotic Reaction" in October. <mask> participated in various reunions of The Masters Apprentices from later 1987. He released his next solo album, Pressure Makes Diamonds, co-produced with producer, composer and guitarist, Frank Sablotny (a.k.a. Frank Tayla) in 1993 on Gemstone Records. It included the track, "Waiting for the Big One", co-written by <mask> and Sablotny.In 1998, Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) inducted The Masters Apprentices into the Hall of Fame. <mask> wrote his memoirs, His Master's Voice: The Masters Apprentices: The Bad Boys of Sixties Rock 'n' Roll, in 1999. Wheatley also published his memoirs, Paper Paradise: Confessions of a Rock 'n' Roll Survivor, later that year. From 2000, he toured periodically as a member of Cotton Keays & Morris with 1960s artists Darryl Cotton from Adelaide's Zoot and Russell Morris

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 from Melbourne's Somebody's Image. ABC-TV series, Long Way to the Top, was broadcast in August 2001. <mask> featured in "Episode 2: Ten Pound Rocker 1963–1968" where he discussed the UK migrant influence on The Masters Apprentices early work and "Undecided"; and in "Episode 3: Billy Killed the Fish 1968–1973" where he described pioneering pub rock and the band's groupies. The TV series inspired the Long Way to the Top national concert tour during August–September 2002, which included a range of Australian acts of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s.The classic line-up of Burgess, Ford, <mask> and Wheatley reformed The Masters Apprentices although Wheatley only performed for a couple of the concerts and was substituted on bass guitar by his son, Tim Wheatley. Performances of "Because I Love You" and "Turn Up Your Radio" at the final Sydney concert, as well as an interview with promoter, Amanda Pelman, feature on the associated DVD, Long Way to the Top: Live in Concert released in 2002. <mask> continued with Cotton Keays & Morris tours and reunions of The Masters Apprentices. His next solo album, Resonator, was released in 2006 on the Liberation Blue label. In 2007 he reflected on his longevity as a performer "I guess I'm a bit of a Peter Pan ... If you've still got the passion and can still do it. Age is no barrier".His next solo album, Dirty, Dirty, appeared in 2012. In May 2014 he performed at Crown Casino in Melbourne. <mask> died on 13 June 2014, aged 67. <mask> had been working on his next album, Age Against the Machine, prior to his death. Personal life

Early in 1970, <mask> married his pregnant girlfriend Vicki in Plympton, South Australia. They had a son, James. In 1981, the couple separated; <mask> is grandfather to James' son, Will.<mask>' adoptive parents, James and <mask>, both died in 1975. His

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 biological mother, Nancy (born 13 June), re-established contact with him in 1984. <mask> and his second wife, Karin, were parents of two daughters, Holly and Bonnie, and a son, William Grant <mask>, who was born on 1 November 2003, but only survived for six hours. Declining health and death

In July 2007 <mask> was diagnosed with myeloma, which caused his kidneys to fail. He was put on dialysis and chemotherapy, then he had stem-cell transplants and returned to performing with Cotton Keays & Morris. As of February 2009, he had been in remission. However, he died on 13 June 2014 – his mother's birthday – from pneumonia due to complications resulting from his cancer, at a Melbourne hospital.Bibliography
 Note: limited preview for on-line version. Discography
The Masters Apprentices

Studio albums

Singles

Cotton Keays & Morris

Awards and nominations

Go-Set Pop Poll
The Go-Set Pop Poll was coordinated by teen-oriented pop music newspaper, Go-Set and was established in February 1966 and conducted an annual poll during 1966 to 1972 of its readers to determine the most popular personalities. |-
| 1970
| himself
| Best Composer
| style="background:silver;"| 2nd
|-
| 1971
| himself
| Best Composer
| 5th
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References

General
  Note: limited preview for on-line version. Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality. Specific

External links
  for The Masters Apprentices, <mask>ays and Cotton Keays & Morris

1946 births
2014 deaths
Australian pop singers
Australian singer-songwriters
British adoptees
Deaths from cancer in Victoria (Australia)
Deaths from multiple myeloma
Deaths from pneumonia in Victoria (Australia)
Scottish emigrants to Australia
20th-century Australian musicians
The Masters Apprentices members
20th-century Australian male musicians
Australian male singer-songwriters
Cotton

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Jim Ke


title: Joe Theismann

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<mask> (born September 9, 1949) is an American former professional gridiron football player, sports commentator, corporate speaker and restaurateur. He rose to fame playing quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) and Canadian Football League (CFL). <mask> spent 12 seasons with the Washington Redskins, where he was a two-time Pro Bowler and helped the team to consecutive Super Bowl appearances, winning Super Bowl XVII over the Miami Dolphins and losing Super Bowl XVIII. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003. Following his retirement from football in 1985 after a career-ending injury to his right leg, <mask> worked as a sportscaster and an analyst on pro football broadcasts with ESPN for nearly 20 years. He primarily partnered with Mike Patrick, for the network's Sunday Night Football package and for one season of Monday Night Football with Mike Tirico and Tony Kornheiser. Theismann also worked as a color analyst on NFL Network's Thursday Night Football package with play-by-play voice Bob Papa and Matt Millen.<mask> also co-hosts the network's weekly show Playbook. Since 2011, he has worked on the Washington Commanders preseason television broadcast team. Additionally, he works on the NFL Network on a variety of programs, primarily as an analyst. <mask> is the owner of Theismann's Restaurant and Bar in Alexandria, Virginia, founded in 1975. He also performs as a speaker for corporate events, speaking on topics such as leadership and self-motivation. Early life
<mask> was born to Austrian Joseph John <mask> who "ran a gas station and worked in his brother's liquor store." His

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title: Joe Theismann

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 Hungarian mother, Olga Tóbiás, worked for Johnson & Johnson until her retirement.<mask> was raised in South River, New Jersey, and attended South River High School, where he lettered in baseball, basketball, and football. He was a high school teammate of Drew Pearson. Theismann accepted a college football scholarship to attend the University of Notre Dame, where he lived in Zahm House. College career
At Notre Dame, <mask> became the starting quarterback in his sophomore year, after Terry Hanratty was injured late in the season. In the three remaining games in the regular season, he led the Irish to two wins and a tie. In 1969, <mask> led the Irish to a number five ranking, but lost to the University of Texas in the 1970 Cotton Bowl Classic, 21–17. The next year, the Irish had a 10–1 record, a number two ranking, and won against Texas in the 1971 Cotton Bowl Classic, 24–11.That year, <mask> was an All-American and an Academic All-American, and was in contention for the Heisman Trophy. <mask>, whose last name was actually pronounced THEES-man, recounted in 2007 that it was Notre Dame publicity man Roger Valdiserri who insisted that he change the pronunciation of his name to rhyme with "Heisman", but he finished second to Jim Plunkett of Stanford University. <mask> set school records for passing yards in a season (2,429) and touchdowns in a season (16). He also set a school record for passing yards in a game (526) and completions in a game (33) while playing against the University of Southern California in a torrential downpour in 1970, which they lost 38–28. As a starting quarterback, <mask> compiled a 20–3–2

masks: Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann


title: Joe Theismann

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 record while throwing for 4,411 yards and 31 touchdowns. His 4,411 passing yards rank fifth on Notre Dame's career passing list. <mask> was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003.He was the eighth Notre Dame quarterback enshrined into the hall, joining former Heisman Trophy winners Angelo Bertelli, John Lujack, and Paul Hornung. Professional career

Canadian Football League
<mask> was selected 99th overall in the fourth round of the 1971 NFL Draft by the Miami Dolphins and in the 39th round of the 1971 Major League Baseball Draft by the Minnesota Twins. After prolonged negotiations with the Dolphins failed, <mask> elected to sign with the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League for $50,000 per season. In his rookie year, <mask> quarterbacked the Argonauts to a 10–4 record, led the league's Eastern Conference in passing statistics and won a berth in the Grey Cup game in Vancouver, British Columbia versus the Calgary Stampeders (59th Grey Cup). A fumble late in the fourth quarter by Argonaut running back Leon McQuay close to the goal line cost the Argonauts what would have been their first Grey Cup victory since 1952. In 1971, <mask> completed 148 of 278 passes for 2,440 yards and 17 touchdowns (with 21 interceptions). His 1972 season was shortened by injury, but he hit 77 of 127 passes for 1,157 yards and ten touchdowns.During his last CFL season, 1973, 157 of his 274 passes were complete, for 2,496 yards and both 13 touchdowns and interceptions. He was an all-star in both 1971 and 1973. National Football League

In 1974, the Washington Redskins obtained <mask>'s rights from the

masks: Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann


title: Joe Theismann

texts: Dolphins in exchange for the team's first-round draft pick in 1976 (the Dolphins selected linebacker Larry Gordon with the pick). <mask> left the CFL and joined the Redskins, where he served as the team's punt returner during his first season. In 1978, <mask> became the Redskins' starting quarterback, succeeding Billy Kilmer. In 1982, <mask> led the Redskins to their first championship in 40 years against the Dolphins in Super Bowl XVII. He threw two touchdowns and, with the Redskins trailing 17–13 in the third quarter, made arguably the most important defensive play of the game — after his pass was deflected by Dolphins lineman Kim Bokamper, causing what appeared to be an interception and sure touchdown (which would have given Miami a two-score lead and effectively taken MVP running back John Riggins out of the game), <mask> himself was able to knock the ball out of Bokamper's hands, keeping the score close enough for Washington to stick to the run-heavy strategy that would eventually lead to victory.He also led the team to an appearance in Super Bowl XVIII the following year, and would go on to set several Redskins franchise records, including most career passing attempts (3,602), most career passing completions (2,044) and most career passing yards (25,206), while also throwing 160 touchdown passes, with 138 interceptions. On the ground, he rushed for 1,815 yards and 17 touchdowns. He was named NFL MVP in 1983 by four organizations. He earned the Player of the Game Award in the second of his two Pro Bowl appearances. Theismann also punted once in his career, for one yard against the Chicago Bears. In an

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title: Joe Theismann

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 era when most quarterbacks had long since used variations of a double-bar facemask (or even triple-bar facemasks) that afforded more protection, Theismann refused to use anything but a one-bar face mask throughout his career. However, on at least one occasion, Theismann wore a helmet with a more standard facemask.Substituting for an ineffective Billy Kilmer against the Dallas Cowboys on October 16, 1977, <mask> entered the game wearing a facemask similar to the style worn by Kenny Stabler at the time. Career-ending injury

On November 18, 1985, <mask> suffered a comminuted compound fracture of the tibia and fibula in his right leg during a sack by linebackers Lawrence Taylor and Harry Carson during a Monday Night Football game against the New York Giants telecast by ABC from RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The injury was later voted the NFL's "Most Shocking Moment in History" by viewers in an ESPN poll, and the tackle was ultimately dubbed "The Hit That No One Who Saw It Can Ever Forget" by The Washington Post. The game's score was 7–7 in the second quarter when the Redskins attempted to run a "flea-flicker" play; Theismann had handed off to fullback John Riggins, who subsequently lateralled the ball back to the quarterback. The Giants' defense, however, was tightly focused, and they tried to blitz <mask>. As Taylor pulled <mask> down, Taylor's knee came down and drove straight into Theismann's lower right leg, fracturing both the tibia and the fibula as Giants linebackers Gary Reasons and Harry Carson also joined Taylor in the sack. The pain was unbelievable, but it didn't last more than a second or two.My


title: Joe Theismann

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 leg snapped like a breadstick. I heard it clearly, it sounded like two muzzled gunshots over my left shoulder. Pow, pow! ... It was at that point, I also found out what a magnificent machine the human body is. Almost immediately, from the knee down, all the feeling was gone in my right leg. The endorphins had kicked in, and I was not in any great pain.”

As <mask> was down, Taylor waved for emergency medical technicians.Initially, many Redskins personnel thought that Taylor's calling and pointing directed at their sideline was him taunting over the fact that he had successfully stopped their play, and it was a few moments later that they realized <mask> was seriously injured. The Monday Night Football announcer team of Frank Gifford, O. J. Simpson and <mask> had correctly inferred from the start that Taylor was calling for help. While initially only the players on the field could see the extent of the damage to <mask>'s leg, the reverse-angle instant replay provided a clearer view of what had actually happened: <mask>'s lower leg bones were broken midway between his knee and his ankle, such that his leg from his foot to his mid-shin was lying flat against the ground while the upper part of his shin up to his knee was at a 45-degree angle to the lower part of his leg. ABC's decision to screen the reverse-angle instant replay several times despite its palpably graphic content shocked millions of viewers, although as the replays were shown, Gifford repeatedly urged viewers at home to exercise discretion. The repeated screening of this replay remains to this day one of the most controversial in-game television

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 production decisions in NFL history. The compound fracture of the tibia and fibula led to insufficient bone growth during <mask>'s recovery, leaving his right leg shorter than his left. As a result, the injury ended <mask>'s career, forcing him to retire at the age of 36.Theismann never blamed Taylor for his injury; while Taylor has apologized to Theismann many times, the quarterback has reiterated that Taylor was merely doing his job. Theismann's injury was highlighted in the film The Blind Side as the reason that, after the quarterback, one of the highest paid football players is the left tackle, who protects a right-handed quarterback's blind side. The same injury occurred exactly 33 years later to another Redskins quarterback, Alex Smith, on November 18, 2018, in a game against the Houston Texans when cornerback Kareem Jackson and defensive end J. J. Watt sacked Smith, a game that <mask> himself was attending. However, unlike <mask>, Smith managed to play an additional season two years later, making his season debut against the Los Angeles Rams and retiring at the end of the season after he was released from the team a month prior. Career statistics

CFL statistics

NFL statistics

Washington Commanders franchise records
 Most career wins by a quarterback (87)
 Most career passing yards (25,206)
 Most career passing completions (2,044)
 Most career passing attempts (3,602)

Broadcast and acting career
In 1985, <mask> helped call Super Bowl XIX for ABC alongside Frank Gifford and Don Meredith, becoming only the second player to do commentary on a Super Bowl telecast while still an active player at the

masks: Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann Theismann


title: Joe Theismann

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 time (the first was Jack Kemp when he helped call Super Bowl II for CBS). <mask> served as a color commentator on regional CBS NFL coverage in 1986 and 1987, then worked on ESPN's Sunday Night Football telecasts from 1988–2005, and on their Monday Night Football coverage in 2006. In addition to covering football, <mask> hosted the first half of the first season of American Gladiators in 1989.On March 26, 2007, ESPN announced that Ron Jaworski would replace <mask> in the Monday Night Football booth. <mask> rejected an offer to work on the network's college football coverage. He has since done a number of Washington Redskins pre-season games on CSN. On September 16, 2009, the NFL Network announced that <mask> would analyze game films on the show Playbook, airing Thursday and Friday nights at 6 p.m. Eastern. On January 9, 2010, <mask> and his former head coach <mask> served as color commentators, along with play-by-play man Tom Hammond, for the Saturday AFC Wild Card Game between the New York Jets and the Cincinnati Bengals. On September 6, 2010, NFL network announced that they had added <mask> to their Thursday Night Football broadcast crew alongside Bob Papa and Matt Millen. The grouping lasted one season.He also co-hosted NFL games on NBC in 2010, and co-hosted NFL Network's No Huddle in 2011. Acting appearances
<mask> has occasionally acted, although most appearances are as himself or as himself in a fictional context. He does have several TV and movie appearances, including the B.J. and the Bear (1981), Cannonball Run II (1984), and The Man from Left Field (1993). <mask> appeared as himself, as part of a

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Joe Gibbs
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title: Joe Theismann

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 buyer group for the fictional "New York Hawks" football team on the TV series Necessary Roughness (2013) and on the post-Super Bowl episode "Operation: Broken Feather" of Brooklyn Nine-Nine (2014). His most recent acting appearances were in movies for the Hallmark Channel. In 2016's "Love on the Sidelines," he appeared as the father of an injured professional football player.In 2019's "SnowComing," he played an agent for professional athletes (in particular, a professional football player). Theismann has acted as a national spokesman for several companies including Colonial Penn Life Insurance Company and for Super Beta Prostate. Personal life
Theismann fathered three children — Joseph Jr., Amy, and Patrick — with his first wife, the former Shari Brown. Soon after <mask>'s injury, the couple divorced, after which <mask> began a seven-year relationship - including a brief engagement - with television personality Cathy Lee Crosby. Early in 1991, Crosby sued for $4.5 million, touching off a counter suit. The suits were settled several months later. His second marriage, to former Miss Connecticut winner and Miss America contestant Jeanne Caruso, ended in divorce after three years in 1995.Theismann was ordered to pay nearly $1 million of marital property and $3,500 a month in alimony. <mask> is currently married to the former Robin Smith, self described as "a country girl from Memphis." They have homes in Virginia, Tennessee, and the Florida Panhandle. Awards
<mask> received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member Tom Landry in 1983. <mask> was inducted


title: Joe Theismann

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 into the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association Hall of Fame in 1997. In 2011, <mask> was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame. On September 5, 2014, <mask> was honored by the Ride of Fame as they christened a double decker sightseeing bus in Washington DC dedicated to him and his achievements.UFL
On August 19, 2010, head coach Jay Gruden of the UFL's Florida Tuskers "confirmed that <mask> introduced himself to the Tuskers as the team's new part owner". <mask> expressed disappointment at the way he was treated during his time in the league and left the team when it was folded into the Virginia Destroyers in January 2011. References

External links

 <mask> CFL & NFL Statistics – totalfootballstats.com

 <mask>'s Restaurant
 Washington Times article about Theismann's injury

1949 births
Living people
American football quarterbacks
American people of Austrian descent
American people of Hungarian descent
American players of Canadian football
American restaurateurs
Canadian football quarterbacks
College football announcers
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
National Conference Pro Bowl players
National Football League announcers
Notre Dame Fighting Irish baseball players
Notre Dame Fighting Irish football players
People from Germantown, Tennessee
People from South River, New Jersey
Players of American football from New Jersey
Sportspeople from New Brunswick, New Jersey
Toronto Argonauts players
United Football League (2009–2012) owners
Washington Redskins players
National Football League Offensive Player of the Year Award winners
National Football League Most Valuable Player Award

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Joe Theismann


title: Songtsen Gampo

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<mask> (; 569–649? 650), also Songzan Ganbu (), was the 33rd Tibetan king and founder of the Tibetan Empire, and is traditionally credited with the introduction of Buddhism to Tibet, influenced by his Nepali consort Bhrikuti, of Nepal's Licchavi dynasty, as well as with the unification of what had previously been several Tibetan kingdoms. He is also regarded as responsible for the creation of the Tibetan script and therefore the establishment of Classical Tibetan, the language spoken in his region at the time, as the literary language of Tibet. His mother, the queen, is identified as Driza Tökarma ( "the Bri Wife [named] White Skull Woman"). The date of his birth and of when he took the throne are not certain. In Tibetan accounts, it is generally accepted that he was born in an Ox year of the Tibetan calendar, which means one of the following dates: 557, 569, 581, 593, 605 or 617 CE. He is thought to have ascended the throne at age thirteen (twelve by Western reckoning), by this reckoning c. 629.There are difficulties with this position, however, and several earlier dates for the birth of <mask> Gampo have been suggested, including 569, 593 or 605. Early life and cultural background

It is said that <mask> <mask> was born at Gyama in Meldro, a region to the northeast of modern Lhasa, the son of the Yarlung king Namri <mask>. The book The Holder of the White Lotus says that it is believed that he was a manifestation of Avalokiteśvara, of whom the Dalai Lamas are similarly believed to be a manifestation. His identification as a cakravartin and incarnation of Avalokiteśvara began in earnest in the indigenous Buddhist literary histories of the 11th century. Family
Some Dunhuang documents say that, as well as

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title: Songtsen Gampo

texts: his sister Sad-mar-kar (or Sa-tha-ma-kar), <mask> <mask> had a younger brother who was betrayed and died in a fire, sometime after 641. Apparently, according to one partially damaged scroll from Dunhuang, there was hostility between Sa-tha-ma-kar and Songtsen <mask>zan-srong, who, as a result, was forced to settle in gNyal (an old district to the southeast of Yarlung and across the  Yartö Tra Pass, which bordered on modern Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh in India). Little, if anything, else is known about this brother.Songtsen Gampo's mother, the queen, is identified as a member of the Tsépong clan (, Tibetan Annals ), which played an important part in the unification of Tibet. Her name is recorded variously but is identified as Driza Tökarma ("the Bri Wife [named] White Skull Woman", , Tibetan Annals ). Songtsen Gampo had six consorts, of whom four are considered "native" and two - the well-known ones - foreign. Highest-ranking was Pogong Mongza Tricham (, also called Mongza, "the Mong clan wife", who is said to have been the mother of Gungsong Gungtsen. Other notable wives include a noble woman of the Western Xia known as Minyakza ("Western Xia wife", ), and a noble woman from Zhangzhung. Well-known even today are his two 'foreign' wives: the Nepali princess Bhrikuti ("the great lady, the Nepalese wife", ) as well as the Chinese Princess Wencheng ("Chinese Wife", ). These two wives are credited in Tibetan tradition in playing crucial roles in the adoption of Buddhism in Tibet and held to explain the two great influences on Tibetan Buddhism, Indo-Nepali and Chinese.<mask> <mask>'s heir, Gungsong Gungtsen, died before his father, so his son, Mangsong Mangtsen, took the throne. His mother is sometimes said to

masks: Songtsen Gampo GampoT Songtsen Gampo


title: Songtsen Gampo

texts: have been a Chinese princess () but this is thought to be highly unlikely. His mother was most probably Mangmoje Trikar (), who is mentioned in the Genealogy found in the hidden library in the caves in Dunhuang, the Tibetan Annals, which list the names of the Tibetan emperors and the names of their consorts who bore future emperors, and the clans they came from). Some accounts say that when Gungsong Gungtsen reached the age of thirteen (twelve by Western reckoning), his father, <mask> <mask>, retired, and he ruled for five years (which could have been the period when <mask> Gampo was working on the new constitution). Gungsong Gungtsen is also said to have married 'A-zha Mang-mo-rje when he was thirteen, and they had a son, Mangsong Mangtsen (r. 650-676 CE). Gungsong Gungtsen is said to have only ruled for five years when he died at eighteen. His father, <mask> <mask>, took the throne again.Gungsong Gungtsen is said to have been buried at Donkhorda, the site of the royal tombs, to the left of the tomb of his grandfather Namri <mask> (gNam-ri Srong-btsan). The dates for these events are very unclear. According to Tibetan tradition, <mask> Gampo was enthroned while still a minor as the thirty-third king of the Yarlung Dynasty after his father was poisoned circa 618. He is said to have been born in an unspecified Ox year and was 13 years old (12 by Western reckoning) when he took the throne. This accords with the tradition that the Yarlung kings took the throne when they were 13, and supposedly old enough to ride a horse and rule the kingdom. If these traditions are correct, he was probably born in the Ox year 605 CE. The Old Book of Tang notes that he "was still a minor when he succeeded to the throne."The

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title: Songtsen Gampo

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 current head of the Royal House of Tibet and king in exile is a direct descendant of the Dharma kings   and crowned King of Tibet by Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama is His Majesty King Lhagyari Trichen Namgyal Wangchuk
The King lives in the United States and travels the world speaking out for the human and religious rights of the Tibetan people, under the occupation of the People's Republic of China. Cultural activities
<mask> <mask> is said to have sent his minister Thonmi Sambhota to India to devise a script for Classical Tibetan, which led to the creation of the first Tibetan literary works and translations, court records and a constitution. After Thonmi Sambhota returned from India, <mask> <mask> stayed in a cave for three years with Thonmi Sambhota to learn whatever he had learned in India. <mask> Gampo moved the seat of his newly unified kingdom from the Yarlung Valley to the Kyichu Valley, site of the future city of Lhasa. The site itself was originally a herding ground called Rasa ("the place of goats") but the name was changed to Lhasa ("the place of gods") on the king's founding of the Jokhang Temple. The name Lhasa itself originally referred simply to the temple precincts. He is also credited with bringing many new cultural and technological advances to Tibet.The Jiu Tangshu, or Old Book of Tang, states that after the defeat in 648 of an Indian army in support of Chinese envoys, the Chinese Emperor, Gaozong, a devout Buddhist, gave him the title variously written Binwang, "Guest King" or Zongwang, "Cloth-tribute King" and 3,000 rolls of multicoloured silk in 649 and granted the Tibetan king's request for "silkworms' eggs, mortars and presses for making wine, and workmen to manufacture paper and

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title: Songtsen Gampo

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 ink." Traditional accounts say that, during the reign of <mask> Gampo, examples of handicrafts and astrological systems were imported from China and the Western Xia; the dharma and the art of writing came from India; material wealth and treasures from the Nepalis and the lands of the Mongols, while model laws and administration were imported from the Uyghurs of the Second Turkic Khaganate to the North. Introduction of Buddhism

<mask> Gampo is traditionally credited with being the first to bring Buddhism to the Tibetan people. He is also said to have built many Buddhist temples, including the Jokhang in Lhasa, the city in which he is credited in one tradition with founding and establishing as his capital, and Tradruk Temple in Nêdong. During his reign, the translation of Buddhist texts from Sanskrit into Tibetan began. <mask> Gampo is considered to be the first of the three Dharma Kings () — <mask> <mask>, Trisong Detsen, and Ralpacan — who established Buddhism in Tibet. The inscription on the Skar cung Pillar (erected by Ralpacan, who ruled c. 800-815) reports that during <mask> <mask>'s reign, "shrines of the Three Jewels were established by building the temple of Ra-sa [Lhasa] and so on."The first edict of Trisong Detsen mentions a community of monks at this vihara. 620s
Songtsen Gampo was adept at diplomacy as well as on the field of battle. The king's minister, Nyang Mangpoje Shangnang, with the aid of troops from Zhangzhung, defeated the Sumpa in northeastern Tibet circa 627 (Tibetan Annals [OTA] l. 2). 630s
Six years later (c. 632/633), Myang Mang-po-rje Zhang-shang was accused of treason and executed (OTA l. 4-5, Richardson 1965). Minister Mgar-srong-rtsan succeeded him. The Jiu Tangshu records

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 that the first ever embassy from Tibet arrived in China from <mask> Gampo in the 8th Zhenguan year, or 634 CE. Tang dynasty chronicles describe this as a tribute mission, but it brought an ultimatum demanding a marriage alliance, not subservient rituals.After this demand was refused, Tibet launched victorious military attacks against Tang affiliates in 637 and 638. The conquest of Zhang Zhung

There is some confusion as to whether Central Tibet conquered Zhangzhung during the reign of Songtsen Gampo or in the reign of Trisong Detsen (r. 755 until 797 or 804 CE). The Old Book of Tang do seems to place these events clearly in the reign of <mask> Gampo, for they say that in 634, Yangtong (Zhangzhung) and various Qiang peoples "altogether submitted to him." Following this, he united with the country of Yangtong to defeat the 'Azha, or Tuyuhun, and then conquered two more tribes of Qiang before threatening Songzhou with an army of (according to the Chinese) more than 200,000 men (100,000 according to Tibetan sources). He then sent an envoy with gifts of gold and silk to the Chinese emperor to ask for a Chinese princess in marriage and, when refused, attacked Songzhou. According to the Tang annals, he finally retreated and apologised, and, later, the emperor granted his request, but the histories written in Tibet all say that the Tibetan army defeated the Chinese and that the Tang emperor delivered a bride under threat of force. Early Tibetan accounts say that the Tibetan king and the king of Zhangzhung had married each other's sisters in a political alliance.However, the Tibetan wife of the king of the Zhangzhung complained of poor treatment by the king's principal wife. War ensued, and, through the treachery

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 of the Tibetan princess, "King Ligmikya of Zhangzhung, while on his way to Sum-ba (Amdo province) was ambushed and killed by King Srongtsen <mask>'s soldiers. As a consequence, The Zhangzhung kingdom was annexed to Bod [Central Tibet]. Thereafter the new kingdom born of the unification of Zhangzhung and Bod was known as Bod rGyal-khab." R. A. Stein places the conquest of Zhangzhung in 645. Further campaigns
He next attacked and defeated the Tangut people who later formed the Western Xia state in 942 CE), the Bailang, and Qiang tribes. The Bailan people were bounded on the east by the Tanguts and on the west by the Domi.They had been subject to the Chinese since 624. After a successful campaign against China in the frontier province of Songzhou in 635–36 (OTA l. 607), the Chinese emperor agreed to send a Chinese princess for <mask> Gampo to marry. Around 639, after <mask> Gampo had a dispute with his younger brother Tsensong (), the younger brother was burnt to death by his own minister, Khasek (), possibly at the behest of the emperor. 640s
The Old Book of Tang records that when the king of 泥婆羅, Nipoluo ("Nepal"), the father of Licchavi king Naling Deva (or Narendradeva), died, an uncle, Yu.sna kug.ti, Vishnagupta) usurped the throne. "The Tibetans gave him refuge and reestablished him on his throne [in 641]; that is how he became subject to Tibet." Sometime later, but still within the Zhenguan period (627-650 CE), the Tibetans sent an envoy to present day Nepal, where the king received him "joyfully", and, later, when a Tibetan mission was attacked in present-day India by then minister of emperor Harshavardhan who had usurped the throne after emperor Harshavardhan's death around 647 AD, the Licchavi king

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texts: came to their aid. Songtsen Gampo married Princess Bhrikuti, the daughter of King Licchavi.The Chinese Princess Wencheng, niece of the Emperor Taizong of Tang, left China in 640 to marry Songtsen Gampo, arriving the next year. Peace between China and Tibet prevailed for the remainder of Songtsen Gampo's reign. Both wives are considered to have been incarnations of Tara (), the Goddess of Compassion, the female aspect of Chenrezig, where "Dolma, or Drolma (Sanskrit means Tara). As Sarat Chaundra explains, the two wives of Emperor Srong-btsan gambo are venerated under this name. The Chinese princess is called Dol-kar, of 'the white Dolma,' and the Nepalese princess Dol-jang, or 'the green Dolma.' The latter is prayed to by women for fecundity." The Jiu Tangshu adds that Songtsen Gampo thereupon built a city for the Chinese princess, and a palace for her within its walls.According to Chinese sources, "As the princess disliked their custom of painting their faces red, Lungstan (<mask> Gampo) ordered his people to put a stop to the practice, and it was no longer done. He also discarded his felt and skins, put on brocade and silk, and gradually copied Chinese civilization. He also sent the children of his chiefs and rich men to request admittance into the national school to be taught the classics, and invited learned scholars from China to compose his official reports to the emperor." However, according to Tibetologist John Powers, such accounts of Tibet embracing Chinese culture through Wencheng are not corroborated by Tibetan histories. <mask> Gampo's sister Sad-mar-kar was sent to marry Lig-myi-rhya, the king of Zhangzhung. However, when the king refused to consummate the marriage, she then helped Songtsen


title: Songtsen Gampo

texts:
 Gampo to defeat Lig myi-rhya and incorporate the Zhangzhung of Western Tibet into the Tibetan Empire in 645, thus gaining control of most, if not all, of the Tibetan plateau. Following the visit by the famous Chinese pilgrim monk Xuanzang to the court of Harsha, the king ruling Magadha, Harsha sent a mission to China which, in turn, responded by sending an embassy consisting of Li Yibiao and Wang Xuance, who probably travelled through Tibet and whose journey is commemorated in inscriptions at Rajagrha - modern Rajgir – and Bodhgaya.Wang Xuanze made a second journey in 648, but he was badly treated by Harsha's usurper, his minister Arjuna, and Harsha's mission plundered. This elicited a response from Tibetan and Nepalese (Licchavi) troops who, together, soundly defeated Arjuna's forces. In 649, the King of Xihai Jun was conferred upon <mask> Gampo by Tang Gaozong, the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. According to the Tibetan Annals, <mask> Gampo must have died in 649, and, in 650, the Tang emperor sent an envoy with a "letter of mourning and condolences". His tomb is in the Chongyas Valley near Yalung, 13 metres high and 130 metres long. Notes

See also
Tengri Tribe

References

Citations

Sources

External links
 http://www.asianart.com/articles/jaya/kings.html A list of Licchavi kings and their attributed dates, from: "A Kushan-period Sculpture from the reign of Jaya Varma-, A.D. 184/185. Kathmandu, Nepal."Kashinath Tamot and Ian Alsop. See: http://www.asianart.com/articles/jaya/index01_12.html

Tibetan emperors
Buddhist monarchs
7th-century rulers in Asia
Tibetan Empire
7th-century births
649 deaths
7th-century Tibetan people
Child rulers from Asia
Date of birth unknown
7th-century Buddhists
Deified


title: William Warner Bishop

texts:
<mask> (July 20, 1871 – February 19, 1955) was an American librarian who is credited and remembered for his work organizing and cataloging the Vatican Archives, his time served working with the American Library Association, as well as his support of academic libraries. He has the honor of being named one of the most influential librarians in American history. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Missouri in 1871; he relocated to Detroit, Michigan, when he was seven years old. <mask> went on to obtain his undergraduate degree at the University of Michigan in Classics in 1892 and then earned his master's degree the following year. He taught Greek and Latin from the time he graduated until 1902. He was an instructor at Missouri Wesleyan College, Garrett Biblical Institute in Evanston, Illinois and even had the opportunity to spend a year in Rome between 1898-1899 studying Greek and Latin. While he taught he usually worked part-time in the academic libraries.He originally thought that he would like to have a career in education but found himself instead drawn to a career working to improve the quality of library services. <mask> went on to work at Princeton University where he was in charge of cataloging and was also as librarian from 1902-1907. He then worked as superintendent of the reading room at the Library of Congress during the years spanning 1905-1915. During this time

masks:
William Warner Bishop
William Warner Bishop
Bishop
Bishop


title: William Warner Bishop

texts:
 <mask> married his wife Finie Murfree Burton in 1907. He and Finie had a son, <mask> <mask>. <mask> accepted the position as director of Michigan Libraries in 1915. The University remained his primary place of employment until he retired in 1941. He worked as not only a Director but he also worked to help create a Library Science program of study which became a reality in 1926.Influential librarian

United States and international organizations
<mask> was a member of the American Library Association having joined in 1896. It was here that he became interested in helping the library system to serve people as productively as possible. He worked as a part of many committees where he also had the honor of presenting countless scholarly papers that he wrote in regard to the controversial topics of the day. <mask> also wrote several books some of these are: Practical Handbook of Modern Library Cataloging, (first edition 1914 and second edition 1924); Cataloging as an Asset, (1916); The Backs of Books and Other Essays in Librarianship, (1926); Carnegie Corporation and College Libraries. (1929–38)...". He was elected President of the ALA in 1918. When his one year term as president was completed he went on to serve as "...president of the Bibliographical Society of America in 1921-23 and in 1931 President of the International Federation of Library Associations… In 1928 he became

masks:
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William Warner
Bishop Jr
Bishop
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Bishop


title: William Warner Bishop

texts:
 chairman of the Advisory Group on College Libraries of Carnegie Corporation...".In 1951 he was awarded Honorary Membership in the American Library Association

Vatican City
Bishop served as the main advisor in helping The Vatican Library to become better by updating the cataloging system it used as well as reconstructing the building the archives were housed in. This project was sponsored by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in 1927 and lasted seven years. In <mask> <mask>’s book, The Backs of Books and Other Essays in Librarianship (1926) he explained that the Vatican archives were in poor shape having few if any systems of organization. He chose to request the aid of Charles Martel who worked at the Library of Congress as a cataloger and was considered to be one of the best in his field. With a strong team of people working alongside him, <mask> was able to accomplish his goal. Because of his strong abilities as not only a librarian but also as man who exhibited strong leadership skills and earned the respect of his colleagues, he was able to successfully implement positive change within the Vatican Archives. Advisory Group on College Libraries
Bishop worked to aid college libraries in spending grant money supplied to them by the Carnegie Corporation during the years spanning 1928-1943.He and others from the ALA worked out of his office at the University of

masks:
William Warner
Bishop
Bishop


title: William Warner Bishop

texts:
 Michigan where they put together lists of acceptable books for colleges as well as helped college librarians determine their individual needs. Once the books were decided on the group worked to get the best prices from publishers in both the United States and Europe. He worked diligently to ensure that libraries were stocked with only the most acceptable books. For example, if a librarian were to order a book that <mask> felt was not quite right, he would show the librarian a review of the book to try to persuade him or her to choose a different title. Placing the very best material on library shelves became very important to him which could be seen in his article “Changing Ideals In Librarianship” (1919) where <mask> explained that the professional life of a librarian is very demanding due to the many facets of their jobs, which could cause him or her to end up purchasing book that is not worthwhile to the users of that particular library. It was his hope that librarians would remain educated informed of trends in literature so that “trash” would not be purchased just to fill the shelves in an expedient manner. Death and legacy
<mask> <mask> was ahead of his time.He believed that the public library as a whole should be made accessible for all persons in the community it served. "In short we librarians are convinced that all printed matter is our province- not necessarily

masks:
Bishop
Bishop
William Warner
Bishop


title: William Warner Bishop

texts:
 literature alone in the old sense- and that it is our business to get things in print into the hands of every one who can profitably use them- whether he knows it or not". He believed that libraries should be advertised to the public, explaining how what was in the walls could be of service to all citizens; not just scholars or those who had attained a certain level of education. <mask> was also a big proponent of staying ahead of the trends or at least remaining current in library practices. He did not want to see librarians fall behind the ideals of great service and fair practice to all patrons, which would cause a disservice to the instruction he or she represented. He was a dedicated librarian, who worked hard to ensure the future success of libraries. He died on February 19, 1955.Notes

References
 <mask>, W. W. (1926). "The Vatican Library: Some Notes by a Student". In The Backs of Books and Other  Essays in Librarianship (pp. 15–24). Baltimore, MD: The Williams & Wilkins Company. (Reprinted from Library Journal, 1900, March, XXV, pp. 110–112).<mask>, W. W. (1949). "The Library Association: Fragments of Autobiography". The Library  Quarterly, 19(1), 36-45. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from JSTOR
 <mask>, W. W. (1951, January). "(The American Library Association. II. Fragments of Autobiography".The Library Quarterly, 21(1), pp. 35-41. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from

masks: Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop


title: William Warner Bishop

texts:
 JSTOR
 <mask>, W.W. (1992, November) "Changing Ideals in Librarianship". Library Journal. 117(18), p.S1. (Reprinted from Library Journal, 1919, January, XLIV, pp. 5-10.)Kaser, D. (1956, January). "<mask> <mask>: Contributions to a Bibliography". The Library Quarterly, 26(1), 52-60. Retrieved January 23, 2001, from JSTOR
 Keppel, F. P. (1941). "<mask> <mask>". In H. M. Lydenberg & A. Keogh (Eds. ), <mask> <mask> A Tribute 1941 (pp.1–4). London, Humphrey, Milford, Oxford University Press: New Haven Yale University Press. Kniffel, L., Sullivan, P., & McCormick, E. (1999, December). "100 of the Most Important Leaders we had in the 20th Century". American Libraries, 11(30), 38-47. Sparks, C. G. (1978). "<mask>, <mask> (1871-1955)".In I. Bobinski, G. Sylvan, J. Shera, & B. S. Wynar (Eds. ), Dictionary of American Library Biography (pp. 33–36). Littleton, Colorado: Libraries Unlimited. INC.
 Sparks, C. G. (1993a). "<mask>, <mask> (1871-1955)". In R. Wedgeworth (Ed.), World Encyclopedia of library and information services (pp. 131–132). American Library Association . Sparks, C. G. (1993b). Doyen of Librarians A Biography of <mask> <mask>. Metuchen, N.J., & London: The Scarecrow Press. External links

 https://bentley.umich.edu/research/guides/libarch/bishop.php
 http://www.law.umich.edu/historyandtraditions/faculty/Faculty_Lists/Alpha_Faculty/Pages/<mask>op,Jr.aspx

masks:
Bishop
William Warner
Bishop
William Warner
Bishop
William Warner
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Bishop
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William Warner
William Warner
Bishop
WilliamWBish


title: Edward Mezvinsky

texts:
<mask> (; born January 17, 1937) is an American politician and lawyer from Iowa. He is a former U.S. Representative and felon. A Democrat, he represented Iowa's 1st congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives for two terms (1973–77). <mask> grew up in Ames, Iowa, and played high school football there. He received his law degree from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law (1965). After being elected to the Iowa Legislature (1968), he lost a race for Congress in 1970, then won in 1972 and was re-elected in 1974. He made several unsuccessful U.S. Senate attempts in the 1980s.In 2001, he was convicted of 31 charges of felony fraud, and served five years in federal prison. In 2010, he became father-in-law to Chelsea Clinton, the daughter of Hillary and Bill Clinton. Life and career
<mask> grew up in Ames, Iowa, the son of Jewish grocery store owner <mask>. His father was born in Russia and his mother in Poland. He was an all-state football end and member of the Ames High School state championship basketball and track teams of 1955. <mask> attended the University of Iowa, graduating in 1960. He went on to earn a masters in political science from the University of California, Berkeley in 1963, and a J.D.from the University of California, Hastings College of Law in 1965. He returned briefly to Iowa to practice law, but quickly began a political career. In 1965, he worked for former Rep. Neal Smith in Washington on lobbyist disclosure and ethics bills. He was elected to the Iowa Legislature in 1968, where he attracted publicity as a consumers' advocate. He lost a 1970 campaign to unseat Republican Congressman Fred Schwengel in Iowa's 1st congressional

masks:
Edward Maurice Mezvinsky
Mezvinsky
Mezvinsky
Abe Mezvinsky
Mezvinsky


title: Edward Mezvinsky

texts: district by only 765 votes (out of over 120,000 cast). After reapportionment improved his chances, <mask> won a 1972 rematch. During his first term in Congress, he sat on the House Judiciary Committee and voted for the impeachment of President Richard Nixon for his activities in the Watergate scandal.He was one of eight Democratic members of the committee who voted for all five articles of impeachment drafted against Nixon; three were reported to the House, while two failed. Although <mask> defeated Davenport businessman Jim Leach in 1974 in the immediate aftermath of the impeachment hearings, Leach defeated him two years later, in 1976. Six months into his first term in Congress, <mask> separated from his wife of ten years Myra Shulman; they were divorced two weeks after his 1974 re-election. During his final term he married Marjorie Margolies, a television journalist. After his 1976 defeat, they relocated to suburban Philadelphia. After serving in Congress, <mask> was United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1977-79. <mask> unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for the United States Senate seat held by retiring incumbent Republican Richard Schweiker in 1980, but lost to former Pittsburgh Mayor Pete Flaherty.Flaherty lost the general election by a narrow margin to Republican, later Democrat Arlen Specter, who went on to serve five terms in the Senate. He became chairman of the Pennsylvania Democratic Party, and made a run for state attorney general in 1988. He won the Democratic primary, but lost to Republican Ernie Preate in the general election. He also unsuccessfully sought the Democratic nomination for lieutenant governor in

masks: Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky


title: Edward Mezvinsky

texts:
 1990, losing to incumbent Mark Singel. Criminal activities
In March 2001, <mask> was indicted and later pleaded guilty to 31 of 69 felony charges of bank fraud, mail fraud, and wire fraud. <mask>, who had been working as an attorney at the time, was funneling embezzled and fraudulently obtained money to West African con men after falling victim to an online advance-fee scam. In the waning days of the Clinton presidency, before the indictment was handed down, <mask>'s wife wrote personally to President Clinton requesting a pardon for her husband.Clinton declined. Nearly $10 million was involved in the crimes. Shortly after <mask>'s indictment, he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder, but the judge at his trial disallowed a mental illness defense. He entered prison in February 2003, and served his time at Federal Prison Camp, Eglin. <mask>, Federal Bureau of Prisons # 55040-066, was released in April 2008, after 5 years. He remained on federal probation until 2011, and  still owed $9.4 million in restitution to his victims. Family
From 1993-95, <mask>'s wife Marjorie Margolies served a term in Congress.Together, they raised eleven children, three of whom were adopted. In 1998, she was the Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania. In 2000, she was running for the Democratic nomination for the U.S. Senate when her husband's business problems forced them to file for bankruptcy and forced her abrupt withdrawal. They divorced several years later. Friendship with the Clintons
<mask> and his wife Marjorie Margolies-<mask> became close to U.S. President Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton in the 1990s, both families met when they attended the annual Renaissance Weekend

masks: Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky Mezvinsky


title: Edward Mezvinsky

texts:
 gathering in South Carolina. President Clinton was reportedly indebted to Margolies-<mask> since she provided the crucial vote in the House of Representatives to pass his budget and tax bill, despite being "one of very few Democrats who represented a district with more constituents who'd get tax hikes than tax cuts, and in her campaign she'd promised not to vote for any tax increases", which cost her re-election in 1994. The Mezvinskys were frequent guests at White House state dinners during the Clinton administration.In 2010 <mask>'s son, <mask>, married Chelsea Clinton, daughter of Bill and Hillary. See also

 List of Jewish members of the United States Congress

References

External links
"Nigerian 'Black Money' Scam Turns Deadly for Two Suspected Con Men", April 1, 2009

1937 births
American Conservative Jews
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American prisoners and detainees
Ames High School alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Iowa Democrats
Iowa lawyers
Jewish members of the United States House of Representatives
Living people
Members of the Iowa House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
Mezvinsky family
Pennsylvania Democratic Party chairs
People from Ames, Iowa
People with bipolar disorder
Politicians from Philadelphia
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Representatives of the United States to the United Nations Human Rights Council
University of California, Hastings College of the Law alumni
Jewish American people in Iowa politics
Jewish American people in Pennsylvania politics
American people convicted of

masks:
Mezvinsky
Mezvinsky
Marc Mezvinsky


title: William Constable (designer)

texts:
<mask> (8 March 1906 – 22 August 1989) was a leading Australian film and stage designer, painter, cartoonist, printmaker and illustrator. Biography
<mask> was born in Eaglehawk a suburb of Bendigo, Victoria. <mask> was raised with two younger brothers in the family of the Reverend <mask>, rector of St. John's Church of England. <mask>'s childhood home still standing next to the church in Malmsbury, a small town in regional Victoria, Australia. Trained as apprentice electrical fitter at the Jolimont Workshops he worked for Victorian Railways. He took watercolour lessons from Meta Townsend. In 1926 he was laid off from the position, he left for England, where studied in London's Saint Martin's School of Art.At nights, he was involved with the most advanced experimental theatres in England, which set his passion for life. On return to Australia in 1930s, <mask> worked on several commercial design projects, and was noticed after his very first theatrical commission in 1933, the cubist stage decorations for the Gregan McMahon Players’ production of Bridie's Jonah and the Whale at the Garrick in South Melbourne. The play was directed by Alec Coppel. The press claimed that the "production will be notable for the unusual settings by <mask>, a young artist who recently reached Melbourne from abroad … <mask>'s stage settings are great fun. They are simple and attractive." <mask> took several commissions to create promotional visuals for Ford, Shell, some Government departments and even designed the float. In 1940s <mask> illustrated Sir Eugene Goossens’ vision of his "dream child" Opera House.The two published an article with the visual proposal to build an Australian National Theatre in the style of a Greek amphitheatre built at Bennelong Point  (4)  With <mask>'s departure for Europe and the scandalous conclusion of Goossen's career in Australia, the proposed design was forgotten along with a few others

masks:
William Henry Archibald Constable
William Constable
Constable
Archibald Henry Constable
Constable
Constable
William Constable
Constable
Constable
Constable
Constable


title: William Constable (designer)

texts:
 of the time. <mask>'s artwork is not held in the Opera House archives. <mask> and Edouard Borovansky met in the 1940s, beginning a lifelong creative partnership and friendship. As scenic director of the Borovansky Ballet Company for 15 years, <mask> was behind most productions as a designer and a painter. Frank Salter described Borovansky and <mask> working together "in total harmony over his [<mask>] entire Australian career." <mask> "was always fascinated by Boro's method of working with him" and often was entertained by Boro's comments, such as "You clever bastard, Bill; you’ve realised exactly what I had in mind". (2)

The 1950 World Premier of Australian ballet Corroboree with the Rock motif on the backdrop designed by <mask> was a milestone for <mask>'s career.This minimalistic composition accurately translated the desert of Central Australia. He used bold organic shapes, strong details, variation in textures and contrasting colours. The inclusion of a full solar eclipse added drama and mystery, and possibly represented the everlasting life cycle. The highlighted top of the stone is the visual focus of the composition, where a pastel pink sandy foreground is the centre of action during the dance. The fine lines of dried trees, a ritual pole and still sand waves make a statement of human presence and support the greatness of the rock. <mask> was production designer and Art Director for Long John Silver, which was shot in Sydney in 1954. The film was produced by Joseph Kaufman at Pagewood Studios and starred Robert Newton.He also worked on the subsequent television series The Adventures of Long John Silver in 1956-1957. <mask> created almost 160 dramas, operas (16 of these for Sir Eugene Goossens), ballets (mostly for the Borovansky Ballet) and a long list of films with his artistic abilities and impeccable taste as claimed by Sydney Ure. The designer illustrated books and had several

masks: Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable Constable


title: William Constable (designer)

texts: commissions for theaters. In 1952 he produced two murals, one for the lower foyer of the Theatre Royal which was partially demolished to clear way for the current ML Center. And another for The Empire Theatre on Quay Street in Sydney in 1953, that was destroyed by a fire in 1970s. After departure from Australia again in 1955 for England, he produced sets and costumes for the only ballet by Sir Noël Coward London Morning and then dedicated himself to design for cult movies such as Taste of Fear, The Hellions, The Skull, Doctor Who, and Casino Royal. The village built for "Long Ships" set has become a tourist attraction in Yugoslavia.His sets and for The Trials of Oscar Wilde has won him Medallion for the Best Art-Direction in Moscow 1960 Film Festival. The production of the film Lord Jim took <mask> to Cambodia in 1963 where he extended his stay for a few months to paint. His collection of prints and paintings on Cambodia was exhibited across Australia and in England. Designer himself considered it another milestone after Corroborree. <mask> returned to Melbourne in 1972 to design and supervise the production of the curtain for Her Majesty Theatre in Melbourne, which was recently located in Queensland. Paintings of Australia and prints of Great barrier Reef prints produced by <mask> in 1970s were extensively exhibited across the country. <mask> was significant in retaining great traditions of style and perfection that were established by the Ballets Russes and its artists.His legacy in stage decor, his input into Australian theatrical design and according to Frank Van Straten, his "most important legacy, however, is the generation of Australian theatre makers who admired and loved him, and to whom he passed on his vast knowledge and his deep love of theatre" (5). 1 Meta Townsend, wife of Reginald Sturgess, Victorian Art Society members, Australian artists, Meta Townsend's family lived in

masks:
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William Constable


title: Jurij Moskvitin

texts:
<mask> (<mask>, 6 January 1938 – 25 May 2005) was a classical pianist, composer, philosopher, mathematician and boheme. <mask> grew up in Denmark; his mother was a Russian aristocrat and his father was a Danish civil engineer. After World War II he studied at The Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen. He then obtained a master's degree in Philosophy at the University of Copenhagen. He was a friend of Isak Dinesen (Karen Blixen), Simon Spies, Tao Nørager and Henrik Stangerup. His works include:
Essay on The Origin of Thought 1974 (philosophy)
Det er spændende at tænke 1976 (philosophy)
Music to the movie "Jorden Er Flad or The Earth is Flat" 1977 by Henrik Stangerup
Den store undren 1992 (philosophy)
Simon Spies. Historien om et venskab 1984–1999 (biography)
Den døve øgle 2001 (Self-Portraits)
Du må ikke sjuske med dit liv 2008 (biography; Henrik Stangerup)

He was one of the main characters in the documentary "En aften i november" the other being Ilja Bergh.He was also interviewed in the documentary "At skrive eller dø & At forråde virkeligheden" about his relationship with Henrik Stangerup. He regularly appeared in the Danish TV-program "Smagsdommerne" until his death. He also appears in the radio documentary "Eliten fra Minefeltet" where he talks about his relationship to the pianist Klaus Heerfordt. Books

Essay on the Origin of Thought (1974)

In this book, Moskvitin records a collection of his theories on the beginnings of thought and language. In his view, the origin of language and thought lie in spontaneous and rare creative acts, often inspired in a human in a stressful and dangerous situation. These thoughts are inspired by a period in which the author turned his attention "from 'what he thinks' to 'how he thinks'", a turn to introspection. Moskvitin describes how he came to observe "states of mind when consciousness is kept somewhere

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Jurij Moskvitin
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title: Jurij Moskvitin

texts:
 lower-level, interior forms and the exterior. He further postulates that the act of creation might involve a temporary state of schizophrenia. There are also further explorations of the topics of mysticism, occultism, and mathematics.It's Exciting to Think (1976)
Original title "Det er spændende at tænke". This book was made by Moskvitin in an effort to kick start a child's imagination. It contains classical examples in philosophy and logic and features illustrations by Jakob Hoffmeyer. It was published by Sommer og Sørensen. The Great Wonder (1992)
Original title "Den store undren". This book takes up the philosophical questions: What is time? who am I?What is real? Why does anything exist at all? and presents them for the adult reader while guiding the reader through the history of philosophy. The book was published by Lindhart og Ringhof in 1992. Shortly thereafter Moskvitin wrote a highly critical and devastating review of his book in the Danish newspaper Politiken under a pen name. The aim was to create debate and interest in the book, but <mask>'s plan backfired and the result was a low sale. Simon Spies.The Story of a Friendship (1984,1999)
Original title "Simon Spies. Historien om et venskab". This book was published twice. Immediately after Spies's death on 16 April 1984, Moskivitin began writing the book which he managed to publish within the same year under the title "Simon Spies – en myte" (Simon Spies - a myth). The book received a critical reception in that it painted an honest, but non-glamorous portrait of the Danish tycoon. The book concerns itself with the psychedelic era of Simon Spies's life during the late 60's in which Moskvitin and Spies were close friends. Years later Moskivitin decided to edit out some of the more obscene details while making the book more readable.This "final version" called "Historien om et venskab" was


title: Jurij Moskvitin

texts:
 published in 1999 by Lindhardt og Ringhof. The Deaf Lizard (2001)

Original title "Den døve øgle". <mask> wrote this self-portrait as the first of two books, the second of which was never published. It contains the story of <mask>'s childhood and youth. <mask> notably describes how he became friends with Karen Blixen, how he had his first sexual intercourse in Paris, his first great concert in Cairo, and his mother's aristocratic friends. The book follows <mask> in his never ending search for women, drugs and spiritual insight. The book was published in 2001 by Lindhardt og Ringhof.Thou Shalt Not Waste Thy Life (2008)

Original title "Du må ikke sjuske med dit liv". Shortly after the death of Henrik Stangerup in 1998, <mask> <mask> started writing Stangerup's biography. It was completed in the spring of 1999. It was due to be released later that year by the publisher Lindhardt & Ringhof, though the latter canceled the publication in the last moment due to concerns about Henrik's posthumous reputation. Only after the journalist Poul Pilgaard, having heard about the manuscript while interviewing pianist Ilja Bergh, tracked down a person possessing a copy, was the book published by Pilgaard's own publishing house Bianco Luno. The publication date was 28 August 2008, three years after <mask> <mask>'s death. See also
Karen Blixen
Simon Spies
Tao Nørager
Ove von Spaeth
Philosophy of mind

References

 ..
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

 .
 .
 . External links
the following link to media about, or featuring, <mask> Moskivitn. They are all in Danish

Eliten fra Minefeltet   (radio broadcast)
I tonernes verden   (radio broadcast)

1938 births
2005 deaths
Danish composers
Male composers
Philosophers of mind
Danish classical pianists
Danish people of Russian descent
Royal Danish Academy of Music alumni
20th-century classical pianists
Male classical pianists
20th-century

masks: Moskvitin Moskvitin Moskvitin Moskvitin Jurij Moskvitin Jurij Moskvitin Jurij


title: Vitaly Zdorovetskiy

texts:
<mask> ( ; ; born March 8, 1992), better known by his YouTube username VitalyzdTv, is a Russian-American YouTube personality, content creator and website owner. His YouTube videos, as of November 2021, have reached over 1.8 billion views and over 10 million subscribers, while his video blog channel has more than 270 million views and 1.93 million subscribers. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Murmansk in 1992. As a child, he lived in Odessa. He grew up in Boca Raton, Florida and attended Park Vista Community High School. Zdorovetskiy attempted to become a professional skateboarder at an early age but quit due to injuries. In the video titled "Why I Did Porn!", he tells his audience he got his first job at age 15 as a garbage collector making $5.00 an hour. His second job was a sign-spinner dressed as Uncle Sam making $20 for 3 hours of work. After that, <mask> picked up a job as a bus boy at a restaurant in Miami, Florida. Shortly after turning 18, Zdorovetskiy took part in an adult film scene with pornographic actress Diamond Kitty for the adult entertainment company Bang Bros in 2011. Career
In 2012, Zdorovetskiy received his first significant success, with the video "Miami Zombie Attack Prank!" Inspired by the cannibal attack of a homeless man in Miami in May 2012, he dressed up as a zombie and traveled to some of the poorest neighborhoods in Miami to scare random bystanders. By January 2015, the "Miami Zombie Attack Prank!"had been viewed more than 30 million times. A sequel video prank was produced in Columbus, Ohio. On June 16, 2012, Zdorovetskiy and

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Vitaly Zdorovetskiy
Zdorovetskiy
Vitaly