title: Patrick Gallagher (businessman)

texts: was this support that allowed <mask> to outbid all his competitors in purchasing sites, paying more than market value. It also allowed him to offer very generous payment schedules to the builders who bought land off him for residential development, and flipping commercial sites before purchase payments were due, allowed <mask> to hold a large debt burden with a relatively small cash flow in comparison.His success was attributed, in part, to the rise of Haughey's political prominence. He continued to donate to Fianna Fáil, while giving Haughey annual payments of £2,000 to £3,000 and free use of his company cars. He facilitated the purchase of a house by Haughey's daughter with loans from Merchant Banking to companies controlled by Haughey in 1976. These loans from Merchant Banking were often used as gifts, with no expectation of repayment. In December 1979, when Haughey was elected taoiseach, <mask> was the only non-politician beside Haughey during his first press conference. The following day, <mask> was informed by Haughey that he owed over £1 million to Allied Irish Banks and he requested £750,000 be paid towards the debt. Agreeing to pay £300,000, this transaction was concealing the fact that this was a non-refundable deposit for land which Haughey would later sell to the Gallagher Group in 1984.However, there was no intention that this sale would ever take place. <mask> invested in racehorses, including £4 million in the bloodstock market, and participating in the racing and breeding syndicate at Coolmore. This led to a loss of £200,000 with the loss of Try My Best at the English 2,000 Guineas, leading to <mask> selling all but £50,000 of his interests. In a partnership with 2 others, <mask> bought Phoenix Park

masks: Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher


title: Patrick Gallagher (businessman)

type: original

texts:
 racecourse in 1980, and started a redevelopment. <mask> continued to spend large amount of money personally, including £200,000 on improving Ballymacarney House before he purchased Straffan House on its 300-acre estate in 1979 for £1 million. He then spent another £1 million renovating it over 3 years. During this time he ignored the gallery that his father had promised to the Royal Hibernian Academy, which had come to a halt in 1975.Instead, he used the site on Ely Place as a storage yard for his other building sites. In 1981, he paid the £1.5 million ransom for his friend Ben Dunne after his kidnapping by the IRA, which was later repaid. Gallagher Group collapse
The Irish economy began to falter under high interest rates from 1980, and for the first time <mask>'s properties were not rising in value to compensate for the interest on his debts. <mask> responded by taking on a number of ill-advised and ambitious projects, despite warnings from other including Haughey. He bought a 330-acre site at Fortunestown for low-cost residential development, but could not find any builders to develop it. In an attempt to stimulate cash flow, he built a high-end shopping centre on St Stephen's Green, the Galleria and started on the redevelopment of Phoenix Park racecourse, against the advise of his bankers. The Galleria struggled to find tenants, and the racecourse ran over budget, costing £2 million over the year from 1981 to 1982.As his debts mounted, <mask> relied on the O'Connell Benefit, taking out large sums and taking longer to repay. When his demand of £1 million was denied by the society's board of directors in 1981, <mask> lost control of O'Connell Benefit. Merchant Banking (Northern Ireland), now called Merbro, had been

masks: Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher


title: Patrick Gallagher (businessman)

texts: transferring such large amounts to Merchant Banking in Dublin that in March 1972, the Bank of England revoked its licence. Undeterred, <mask> bought the 4.5-acre Slazenger site on St Stephen's Green, the largest commercial property site in Dublin that would later become Stephen's Green Shopping Centre, acquiring the site for £50,000 in cash with the agreement that he would take on the Slazenger's debts of £10 million. Irish Life Assurance company had indicated it would pay £16 million for the site in 1981 if the outstanding planning and lease problems could be resolved by <mask>. <mask> wrongly assumed he had a legal agreement with Irish Life, and proceeded to by a 4-acre Earlsfort Terrace site in January 1982 for £9.5 million with plans of selling it to a British institution. <mask> struggled to resolve leasing issues with the Slazenger site, making some progress before he was stymied by one tenant with a strong legal case.In face of this, Irish Life backed out of the purchase, and later the British institution also reneged on the purchase of the site at Earlsfort Terrace after issues with planning permission. With the Irish recession beginning to take hold, and public opinion against the government, on minister conceded that many of the regulations and taxes on property development had been designed to benefit developers such as <mask>. In an attempt to save his business, <mask> made a bid to buy the successful supermarket chain, H. Williams, but delays resulted in the sellers realising <mask>'s perilous financial situation. <mask> sold off many personal assets, and proposed the sale of the Phoenix Park racecourse to his partners, but the banks did not agree to restructure <mask>'s debts. This resulted in him

masks: Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher


title: Patrick Gallagher (businessman)

texts:
 accumulating £100,000 in interest charges alone every week. The Gallagher Group was placed in receivership on 29 April 1982, owing £30 million to banks such as Bank of Ireland and AIB, and £20 million to other creditors. <mask> blamed the bankers for acting too swiftly, and he maintained that his assets were worth £60 million, double their real £26 million.Straffan House was repossessed by the banks just 3 weeks after <mask> had moved in, along with his stud farm, horses worth £2 million, and his Rolls-Royce. <mask>'s brother, Paul, had to vacate Castle Howard, and his mother forfeited his home, Dolanstown House. <mask> assisted the receiver for a year. The Dublin property market faltered under the burden of the fallout from <mask>'s bankruptcy, including all of the smaller creditors that went under following the Gallagher Group collapse. O'Connell Benefit survived, but both Merchant Banking and Merbro were liquidated, having lent 80% of their assets to the Gallagher Group, leading to many savers losing their money as the Irish government did not cover the losses of Merchant Banking. The liquidator's report, released in 1984, showed that the <mask> family, as well as associates, had accrued more than £250,000 in fictitious loans, and a wider fraud investigation was instigated. Later life and death
In partnership with his brother Paul, <mask> attempted to restart his career in property development in 1983, securing finances from small banks.This was owing to a group of friends, Tony O'Reilly, P. V. Doyle, Byrne, and his uncle Charles, paying <mask>'s living expenses and guaranteeing his loans. He moved to London in 1984, where he bought flats which he refurbished and sold on, and by 1987 he could afford Balsoon House

masks: Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher Gallagher


title: Patrick Gallagher (businessman)

texts:
 on 31 acres at Bective, County Meath, where he lived at the weekends. <mask> was arrested in March 1988 by the British police following a fraud investigation into the management of Merbro Ltd, he was later bailed. He pleaded guilty in Belfast crown court in November 1989. His sentencing was postponed if he agreed to compensate the depositors, and while he made an initial payment of £500,000 but was unable to pay the further £500,000 with the agreed 11 months. He was imprisoned from October 1990 to October 1991. In June 1990, the Irish director of public prosecutions received a report recommending the <mask> be charged with fraud in relation to the management of Merchant Banking Ltd, but it was decided not to pursue the charges.The depositors of the bank took a high court civil action against <mask>, resulting in a settlement in 1996 of an undisclosed sum. When he was released from prison, <mask> separated from his wife, and immigrated to Zimbabwe. There he bought a farm and was involved in a scheme to settle Afrikaner farmers which was abandoned. He then moved to South Africa, and was involved in a number of failed investment schemes across Africa. In 1998, he confirmed that he paid Haughey money, and gave evidence to the Moriarty tribunal in 1999 on the matter. He denied he received any favours in return, and remained friendly with Haughey. He suffered with poor health, and his friends paid for his medical expenses.He divided his time between Dublin and Cape Town. <mask> died on 15 March 2006 in Dublin, and is buried at Three-Mile-Water cemetery, County Wicklow. He was survived by his partner, Yvonne D'Arcy. References

Notes

Sources

1951 births
2006 deaths
Irish businesspeople
Irish businesspeople in real


title: Steve Rizzono

texts:
<mask> is a former professional wrestler best known for his stint in Xtreme Pro Wrestling. Coombs competed primarily as "The Gigolo" <mask>. At one time, <mask> was also a bouncer and a personal trainer. Professional wrestling career
<mask> trained alongside Spike Dudley at All Pro Wrestling's school, and made his debut on March 29, 1995, teaming with Mike Modest against Robert Thompson and Mike Diamond. While competing in APW, he captured the APW Tag Team titles with Mike Modest and Tony Jones. He also won a famous three-way dance that featured Vic Grimes and Erin O' Grady. On January 22, 1996 in Stockton, CA, <mask> made his World Wrestling Federation debut in a losing effort to Justin "Hawk" Bradshaw.The following night in Oakland, Rizzono jobbed to Duke "The Dumpster" Droese in a match that was featured on the WWF Superstars TV program. On the weekend of ECW’s November to Remember 1997 pay-per-view, Rizzono had a match with Robert Thompson on an APW show. Wrestling Observer journalist Dave Meltzer attended both shows. A few weeks later, Meltzer wrote in the observer that <mask>'s match with Thompson was better than almost anything he saw on the ECW event. In between his APW stint and his early 2000 entrance into XPW, <mask> wrestled in the United States Wrestling Association and for independent promotions based in the Portland area. In Portland, Rizzono was managed by Jonny Fairplay. Upon joining XPW, Rizzono initially had a partnership with Kid Kaos, but it quickly escalated into a bitter rivalry.At one point, Rizzono was

masks:
Steve Coombs
Steve Rizzono
Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Rizzono
Rizzono
Rizzono


title: Steve Rizzono

texts:
 managed by "Playboy" Buddy Rose, in an unsuccessful journey after the XPW World Heavyweight Championship. During his early tenure, he had matches against Public Enemy, John Kronus, and Juventud Guerrera. He was a member of The Black Army, and (following his banishment from the Army) founded The Enterprise with manager and porn star Veronica Caine, in order to avenge the rejection from his former teammates. Besides feuding with the Black Army, Rizzono feuded heavily with Pogo the Clown, as Rizzono was usually privy to receiving harsh beatings from Pogo. Their feud was featured in two (2001 and 2002) of XPW's annual King of the Deathmatch Tournaments, as both matches began as singles matches, but soon turned into triple threat matches midway through. In both bouts, Rizzono fell victim to brutal and memorable beatings from his nemesis, which resulted in Rizzono savagely losing in both of his appearances. <mask> departed from XPW in mid-2002 when XPW relocated its operations to the Pennsylvania area on the East Coast.<mask> returned to APW on November 8, 2002
as a trainer, a commentator, and a manager before leaving the business. He currently resides in California and he has health problems due to the severe injuries he incurred in XPW, including multiple concussions and broken noses as a result of death matches in which he participated. On July 18, 2007, <mask> received spinal surgery in which two ligaments were removed from his spine. Championships and accomplishments
All Pro Wrestling
APW Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Mike

masks: Rizzono Rizzono Steve


title: Steve Rizzono

texts:
 Modest (1) and Tony Jones (1)
NWA: Extreme Canadian Championship Wrestling
NWA/ECCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Chance Beckett
NWA/ECCW Vancouver Island Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Media
Video and DVD appearances
XPW: After the Fall. Perf. <mask>. DVD.Big Vision Entertainment, 2006. XPW: Retribution. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2003. XPW: Best of XPW TV, Vol.1. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2003. XPW: Best of The Enterprise. Perf.<mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW Class-X Presents: XPW Baptized in Blood, Vol. 1 & 2. Perf. <mask>.DVD. Big Vision Entertainment, 2007. XPW Class-X Presents: XPW TV The Complete First Season. Perf. <mask>o. DVD. Big Vision Entertainment, 2007.XPW: New Year's Revolution. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW: Blown To Hell. Perf.<mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW: Liberty or Death. Perf. <mask>. DVD.Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW: Baptized In Blood 2. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW: Baptized In Blood 3: Night of Champions.Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW: Free Fall. Perf. <mask>.DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW: Genocide. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002.XPW: Best of The Black Army. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2002. XPW: Damage Inc.. Perf. <mask>.DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2001. XPW: Redemption. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2001.XPW: Go Funk Yourself. Perf. <mask>. DVD. Xtreme Pro Wrestling, 2001. XPW: We Wrestle. Perf.<mask>o. VHS. Xtreme Pro

masks:
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzon
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzon


title: Steve Rizzono

texts:
 Wrestling, 2001. Film and television appearances
Nash Bridges. CBS. Jan. 2001. Obscenery.Executive Producer Melissa Wegman. ClearVision Media Production Group. XPW archive footage appearance. "Pornographer runs for Los Angeles mayor." Extra TV. Syndication. July 2000."XPW archive footage appearance." References

Further reading
Ginzburg, Evan. <mask> interview. Wrestling - Then & Now<. Issue #165. Goldsmith, Susan. Mortal Combat.The East Bay Express<. January 14, 2004. Howell, Brian. One Ring Circus: Extreme Wrestling in the Minor Leagues. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp Press, 2002. Hunt, Don. Pro show at Armory brings out the beast in fans.The Mail Tribune July 2, 1999. Hunt, Don. Racing will be a real drag tonight. The Mail Tribune August 3, 1999. Hunt, Don. Wrestling: tights, fights, a ringside night.The Mail Tribune June 30, 1999. Meyers, Michelle.In Pursuit of a Dream. The Alameda Times-Star, The Oakland Tribune. October 20, 2003. Rodgers, Mike. <mask>o interview. Ring Around the Northwest newsletter. 2005.Saito, Fumi. Article and photo gallery on XPW’s second King of the Deathmatch Tournament. Baseball Magazine Japanese language. February 2001. Spotlight on All Pro Wrestling. The Fremont Argus October 19, 2003. External links
<mask> at CageMatch.net
<mask> at Genickbruch.com
<mask> at WrestleZone.ru

American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Sportspeople from Camden, New Jersey
Sportspeople from California
American exercise instructors
Professional wrestling announcers
Professional wrestling managers and

masks:
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzon
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono
Steve Rizzono


title: Warner Baxter

texts:
<mask> (March 29, 1889 – May 7, 1951) was an American film actor from the 1910s to the 1940s. <mask> is known for his role as the Cisco Kid in the 1928 film In Old Arizona, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor at the 2nd Academy Awards. He frequently played womanizing, charismatic Latin bandit types in Westerns, and played the Cisco Kid or a similar character throughout the 1930s, but had a range of other roles throughout his career. <mask> began his movie career in silent films with his most notable roles being in The Great Gatsby (1926) and The Awful Truth (1925). <mask>'s most notable talkies are In Old Arizona (1929), 42nd Street (1933), Slave Ship (1937) with Wallace Beery, Kidnapped (1938) with Freddie Bartholomew, and the 1931 ensemble short film, The Stolen Jools. In the 1940s, he was well known for his recurring role as Dr. Robert Ordway in the Crime Doctor series of 10 films. For his contributions to the motion-picture industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.Early life
<mask> was born on March 29, 1889. in Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio, to Edwin F<mask>, born October 1, 1867, Marysville, Union County, Ohio, and Jennie (Jane) B. Barrett, born December 30, 1869, Columbus. Jennie Barrett was the daughter of Leroy Barrett and Hattie Snider. (Note: Ohio Birth Index shows date as March 30, 1889.) <mask>'s parents were married May 10, 1888, Columbus. <mask> owned a cigar stand in Columbus. Edwin F<mask>, son of William E<mask> and Mary C. Miller <mask>, died on September 16, 1889, in Columbus. <mask> was not quite five months old when his father died.<mask>'s mother survived her son by ten years.

masks:
Warner Leroy Baxter
Baxter
Baxter
Baxter
Baxter
Baxter
. Baxter
Baxter
Edwin Baxter
. Baxter
. Baxter
Baxter
Baxter
Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts:
 Jane/Jennie <mask> died on March 29, 1962, at her home in Beverly Hills, California. Her cremated remains were inurned at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Great Mausoleum, Glendale, California, as well as those of his widow, Winifred Bryson <mask>, many years later but in different locations. <mask> and his mother went to live with her brother in Columbus. They later moved to New York City, where he became active in dramatics, both participating in school productions and attending plays. In 1898, the two moved to San Francisco, where he graduated from Polytechnic High School. When the 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck, <mask> and his mother lived in Golden Gate Park for eight days and then went to live with friends in Alameda for three months.In 1908, they returned to Columbus. After selling farm implements for a living, <mask> worked for four months as the partner of Dorothy Shoemaker in an act on the Keith Vaudeville Circuit. Film career

<mask> began his film career as an extra in 1914 in a stock company. He had his first starring role in Sheltered Daughters (1921), and starred in 48 features during the 1920s. His most notable silent roles were in The Great Gatsby (1926), Aloma of the South Seas (1926) as an island love interest opposite dancer Gilda Gray, and as an alcoholic doctor in West of Zanzibar (1928) with Lon Chaney. David Shipman wrote in 1970,"He is the beau ideal, a Valentino without a horse and the costume of a sheik. He is the fellow the girls meet around the corner, that is, if the fellow were <mask>.He is the chap the lonely woman on the prairie sees when she looks at the men's ready-to-wear pages in the latest mail

masks:
Barrett Baxter
Baxter Manger
Baxter
Baxter
Baxter
Baxter
Warner Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts:
 order catalogue"; this appraisal by Jim Tully appeared in Picturegoer in 1936. <mask> was certainly the inspiration for artwork in mail-order catalogues and adverts for pipes, the prototype for men modelling cardigans or pullovers or tweeds. During the early Sound period he was one of Hollywood's leading actors. There was no éclat with him no scandals, no Hollywood careering. Women liked him because he was mature and reliable. He was a good work-horse of an actor, often at the mercy of his material. When it was good, he gave positive, likeable performances.It was a long career but he is hardly remembered today. <mask>'s most notable starring role was as The Cisco Kid in In Old Arizona (1929), the first all-talking Western, for which he won the second Academy Award for Best Actor. He also starred in 42nd Street (1933), Grand Canary (1934), Broadway Bill (1934), and Kidnapped (1938). By 1936, <mask> was the highest-paid actor in Hollywood, but by 1943, he had slipped to B movie roles, and he starred in a series of Crime Doctor films for Columbia Pictures. <mask> had roles in more than 100 films between 1914 and 1950. In 1936, <mask> had what Leonard Maltin considered his finest job of acting in John Ford's The Prisoner of Shark Island. Personal troubles and breakdown
It was about this time that <mask> began to have career and personal troubles.The studio system and being a top leading man with Fox made him wealthy beyond his dreams but it also let him in for some significant personal problems. <mask> said he was envious of his friend, Ronald Colman. "Look at that guy. He only makes one or two pictures a year. I've got to work

masks: Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts: practically every day in the year." He seemed unable to pry himself away from his salary as a contract star. Some of his best roles in this period were on loan out from his home studio, Fox Picture Corporation.His MGM loan out for Robin Hood of El Dorado was an example. Director William Wellman's recollections in the 2015 biography by his son went into some detail. <mask>, according to Wellman, was aging and troubled by that, as evidenced by a major drinking problem. <mask> told Wellman he was fine during the day but as evening approached he was "gone". Adding to his own insecurities as a leading man, his home studio was not known for having a strong story department. They relied on the formula of having their major stars repeat the same type of stories and characters when it reverberated with an audience. In many cases, even for Will Rogers, it often would decrease the value of the actor's contract.By 1939 he was publicly complaining about being teamed up with new bright and very young actresses as he was advancing in years. He said working with Loretta Young was fine as she had been around since the silent days and fans did not view her as a youngster, but the new crop such as Lynn Bari and Arleen Whelan made him feel very uncomfortable. As his 20th Century Fox contact was nearing completion, he was openly talking of retiring, a decision he was making with his wife, Winifred Bryson. By 1941, columnist Jimmie Fidler was stating the retirement talk was on the level. Some time between Adam Had Four Sons and Lady in the Dark he suffered a mental breakdown. Over the subsequent years he was fairly candid about it in interviews. He said

masks: Baxter Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts: "It's like chasing a rainbow.You never see the end of it. Each part you get has to be better than the last one and before you know it you've got a nervous breakdown." Between 1935 and 1941, the Internal Revenue Service published annually the individuals with the highest incomes. These amounts may differ from other published sources that are usually higher. Baxter was under contract for a full years service to 20th Century Fox. Normally top talent contracts ran for seven years and allowed for six weeks off per year. The IRS stated in 1935, Baxter made $203,000 ($3,837,319.19 in 2019), 1936 reported $284,000 ($5,315,313.12 in 2019), and for 1937, $225,961 ($4,082,105.70 in 2019).As stated earlier, he was the highest paid contract actor in 1936. In contrast, toward the end of his career, <mask> signed a contract with Columbia Picture Corporation on July 1, 1947, for two pictures per year for the next two years effective December 8, 1947. The terms were that he be paid initially in increments of $12,000 a week the sum of $30,000 ($348,337.37 in 2019) for each picture. He also was to pay 1.5% of his compensation to the Motion Picture Relief Fund. Each picture was to be filmed in  weeks. Principal filming if beyond the  weeks was to be compensated additionally at a rate of $6,000 per week. The US minimum wage in 1947 was $0.40 per hour.The films described were a "Crime Doctor" story based on the radio program of the same name or another so-called "crime" film. He was to be given script approval and star billing above the title. His day was limited to nine hours within a 24-hour period with principal filming to begin at 10 am to include one


title: Warner Baxter

texts: hour for meals during his workday. The morals clause and a section of negative provisions were lined out. He was also obligated to participate in still photography, advertising and publicity to be in "good taste" and was not to travel by air during principal photography without written permission from the studio. Travel and lodging in excess of 25 miles from the studio would be at studio expense. As was common in this era he was to supply his own modern wardrobe, wearing apparel and shoes if called for by the story.Damage to his own personal wardrobe would be paid for by the studio. Character costumes and shoes would be supplied if necessary by the studio. <mask> was represented by Philip M. Schiefer Agency at 9172 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles 46, California. <mask> was candid in interviews giving credit for his long and financially rewarding career to his wife. "I never take a role until we both talk it over. I have a high opinion of her judgment". He said he no longer cared about high budget films or being a star."I don't need the money, and I work just to keep interested. I had a good part in a big picture about six years ago. There was tension in making it and I felt myself getting nervous again. I was glad when it was over." Describing his breakdown ten years previously he said he worried and stewed and fussed. "I'd start to walk one way and discover that I was going in the opposite direction. When I thought I was carrying on a conversation, all I was doing was mumbling.I thought I was going crazy." He said all he did for six months was sit and stare into space. They moved to their beach house in Malibu, soaking up the sun and


title: Warner Baxter

texts: gradually getting better. <mask> felt that the best role in motion pictures was being a leading man in a series. He had reached that conclusion during the production years of the various Crime Doctor films. "It's wonderful. I make two of them a year.Columbia has juggled it so I can make two in a row. That takes about eight weeks of my time. The rest of the year I relax. I travel. I enjoy life". Between 1930 and 1936, Myrna Loy costarred with <mask> four times: Renegades, Penthouse, Broadway Bill, and To Mary—With Love. She wrote in her 1987 autobiography, "And I have fond memories of <mask>, a good actor and a charming man, because we did several pictures together.Renegades was a happy film because of them [<mask> and director Victor Fleming]". Of Renegades, <mask> said it was so hot "they had to keep the cameras packed in ice-bags like a fever patient so the celluloid wouldn't catch fire." Loy liked and respected <mask>, a high-salaried (because he had won an Oscar in 1928 for Old Arizona), competent, and darkly handsome but a rather stiff and bland Ohio native with whom she would appear again. Only two other actors costarred with Loy more often: Clark Gable and William Powell." <mask> Kid for the pictures. Then, too, the fact that I got an Oscar for the job caused me no pain." He said this film allowed him to ultimately play the roll of Cisco five times. Arizona Kid in 1930 was the second of five. He liked the warmth and color of the character while modifying O. Henry's story with comedy and drama.In 1945, <mask> said about his Oscar, "My gosh, I don't know. I think it's up in my gun room buried under a heap of maps. I must look

masks: Baxter Baxter Warner Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxterisco Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts: and see." In keeping his Oscar in proper perspective, around 1945, Life magazine photographed him with the trophy but never published it. The photo shows <mask> in a club chair in his Beverly Hills home looking fondly at his dog, an American Cocker Spaniel, on the floor. The dog's leash is anchored to his gold Oscar and sitting on the floor with the dog. <mask> became for the first time a radio actor on May 24, 1934.After years of declining such offers he appeared on Hollywood Hotel as the guest the show's host, Louella O. Parsons. He and his film co-star Ketti Gallian, performed several scenes from their soon to be released film, Under the Pampas Moon. For a number of years stunt man and western actor Frank McGrath (actor) known best for his roll portraying Charlie Wooster on the TV series Wagon Train was a stand-in and stunt double for <mask>. He so greatly resembled <mask> that they could have passed for brothers according to Los Angeles Times reporter John Scott's 1935 article. The two men formed a friendship outside of the studios and McGrath worked in several capacities for him away from filming. Studio still photos exist today from 20th Century Fox film Slave Ship (1937) showing identically dressed <mask> and McGrath looking like brothers. In late 1938, McGrath gave an extensive interview carried by the Associated Press.He said they had met in 1928. <mask> was taken by their resemblance to each other and had him used as a stand-in. If closer in age they could have passed for twin brothers. In 1935, that professional relationship was written into <mask>'s contracts. By 1938, McGrath was being paid $150 per week ($2,762.32 in


title: Warner Baxter

texts:
 2019) part by <mask> and part by his studio to be a stand-in, stunt double, personal trainer, and occasional body guard. In that era stand-ins usually were paid $35 per week. They did much together to maintain <mask>'s fitness, swimming, tennis, and boxing.<mask> also was a bicycle enthusiast. A personal friendship grew from that. They hunted several times a year in addition to fishing trips. It was on a hunting trip to a remote part of Colorado in 1934 when McGrath saved <mask>'s life. <mask> had broken his leg and McGrath carried him for four days on his back out of the wilderness and to a hospital. It was that event that cemented the personal friendship. When asked what they would talk about, McGrath said anything but pictures.Personal life
<mask> married Viola Caldwell in 1911, but they were soon separated and then divorced in 1913. He married actress Winifred Bryson in 1918, remaining married until his death in 1951. Through his marriage to Bryson he was an uncle by marriage to actress Betty Bryson. Betty Bryson was born Elizabeth Bryson Meikklejohn, daughter of Winifred's sister, Vivian. On August 5, 1931, <mask> survived uninjured with 40 other cast and crew members the train derailment of the Southern Pacific Argonaut east of Yuma on route to Tucson for location shooting for "The Cisco Kid" (1931). Two trainmen were killed in the derailment. <mask>, Conchita Montenegro, and Edmund Lowe were among the passengers in cars at the end of the train.The Baxter's beach house was at 77 Malibu Beach, Malibu, California for many years as noted in the 1942 voter roll for Malibu. He also had a cabin in the San Jacinto Mountains. He was

masks: Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts: very active in Malibu civic affairs. Was named Honorary Mayor of Malibu from 1946, replacing Brian Donlevy, through 1949. For a number of years he had an 80-acre working ranch about 12 miles north of Palm Springs at Desert Hot Springs, the Warner Baxter Ranch, later renamed the Circle B Ranch. It was used for years at a location for western films. It was listed for sale in mid 1945 for a price of $40,000 and sold over a year later.It was listed as having a large and comfortable house of four bedrooms and laid out for entertaining along with a caretaker's house. It was sold furnished. During the war he was chairman of the Malibu Rationing Board and also did some troop entertaining in Army camps in Fresno and Bakersfield areas. He and his entertainers put on dozens of day and night shows for the service men. He was a close friend of William Powell with whom he had starred in three silent films, the best of which was "The Great Gatsby" now considered lost. He was at Powell's side when Jean Harlow died in 1937. His friendship with Ronald Colman was perhaps even deeper.While tennis and the film industry were the origins of their friendship going back to their earlier days at Paramount Studios, Colman and his wife Benita Hume named <mask> and Tim McCoy as godfathers to their daughter, Juliet Benita Colman at her christening in 1944. Juliet Colman's biography of her father describes in detail the very private social circle of cocktails, dinner, and games of tennis or poker held between her father's Hollywood house at 2092 Mound Street above and behind the Castle Argyle, and <mask>'s home on South Beachwood Drive. When not acting, <mask> was

masks: Baxter Baxter Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts:
 an inventor who co-created a searchlight for revolvers in 1935, which allowed a shooter to more clearly see a target at night. He also developed a radio device that allowed emergency crews to change traffic signals from two blocks away, providing them with safe passage through intersections. He financed the device's installation at a Beverly Hills intersection in 1940. Death
<mask> suffered from arthritis for several years, and in 1951, he underwent a lobotomy as a last resort to ease the chronic pain. On May 7, 1951, he died of pneumonia at age 62 and was interred in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California.His grave is located in a gated and locked private section, Garden of Memory. His bronze headstone has a reproduction of his signature. The remaining inscription is in the handwriting of his wife, Winifred Bryson <mask>. <mask> <mask>'s death certificate stated the following. He died at his residence on May 7, 1951, at 5:50 pm, 911 North Roxbury Drive, Beverly Hills, California. Informant Philip M. Schiefer (his manager). The death certificate further stated, "Cause of Death, Broncho-pneumonia, terminal 24 hrs.Carcinoma of prostate with generalized metastasis - 6 months. Treatment: 1/8/1943 to death; no operation; no autopsy." Much has been written about arthritis and the chronic pain <mask> endured toward the end of his life but it is not unreasonable to imagine the drastic action taken by undergoing a lobotomy may very well have been to relieve the pain from end stage cancer, a disease at that time most kept confidential. His funeral was held at the Wee Kirk O' The Heather chapel at Forest Lawn Memorial Park

masks:
Baxter
Baxter
Warner Leroy
Baxter
Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts: in Glendale, California on May 11, 1951. The service was conducted by Dr. Franklin Kelly  of Christ Church, Unity. The Los Angeles Times noted that the private funeral service was markedly reminiscent of the film capital's earlier days. Among his pallbearers were long time close friends Ronald Colman, William Powell, and Tim McCoy.He was buried in a bronze casket with a portrait of his wife. Prior to his death he was reported on February 6, 1951, to being "seriously ill" with a "chronic illness" in hospital since January 18, 1951. It mentions he was much improved and celebrated his 33rd wedding anniversary on January 29. On April 8, 1951, the L A Times reported the actor being ill at home the last month. His doctors John Sharpe and Richard Barton reported his "condition is steadily becoming more critical." On April 21, 1951, the L A Times reported that <mask> was out of the hospital following "a cranial nerve operation" described as a "complete success" by Phil Schaefer, <mask>'s manager. He said <mask> "had suffered for years from a chronic illness which caused eating difficulties and induced malnutrition."On June 13, 1951, his last will and testament dated April 10, 1946 was entered into probate at Los Angeles. He left all his property to his wife and no valuation was made in the documents other than stating it will exceed $10,000. His obituary stated in recent years he had long been interested in real estate and business projects. On the evening of October 15, 1953, his widow, Winifred Bryson <mask> married Ferdinand Herman Manger (December 22, 1910 – October 17, 1991) at the Desert Inn in Las Vegas, Nevada. Menger was an

masks: Baxter Baxter Baxter Baxter


title: Warner Baxter

texts:
 architect from St. Louis, Missouri, and they would remain married until the end of her life. Recognition
In 1960, <mask> posthumously received a motion pictures star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6284 Hollywood Boulevard. Filmography

See also
 List of actors with Academy Award nominations

Note

References

External links

Photographs of <mask>
 <mask> and his mother Jane tour the Fox lot in Hollywood: #1...#2(Wayback)

American male stage actors
American male film actors
American male silent film actors
Best Actor Academy Award winners
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
Male actors from Columbus, Ohio
Vaudeville performers
Deaths from pneumonia in California
1889 births
1951 deaths
1906 San Francisco earthquake survivors
20th-century American male actors
Lobotomised people
American inventors
20th-century American

masks:
Baxter
Warner Baxter
Warner Baxter


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts: <mask>'Flanagan (; 13 August 1876 – 7 August 1942) was a Roman Catholic priest, Irish language scholar, inventor and historian. He was a popular, socialist Irish republican; "a vice-president of the Irish Agricultural Organisation Society, he was a proponent of land redistribution." He was Gaelic League envoy to the United States from 1910 to 1912, and he supported the striking dockers in Sligo in 1913. O'Flanagan was friends with many of the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising and was vocal in his admiration for the sacrifice made by the men of Easter Week. He was active in reorganising the Sinn Féin party after the Rising. He was the main driving force behind the Election of the Snows in North Roscommon in February 1917, when Count Plunkett won a by-election as an independent candidate. At the Sinn Féin Convention in October 1917, Éamon de Valera was elected president.Along with Arthur Griffith, O'Flanagan was elected joint Vice-President, a position he held from 1917 to 1923 and again from 1930 to 1931. He campaigned for the imprisoned Griffith in the East Cavan by-election in 1918, and was instrumental in securing the seat. For this O'Flanagan was suspended by the Bishop; he went on to work full-time for Sinn Féin and was the main platform speaker and campaigner during the 1918 election. While O'Flanagan was Acting President of Sinn Féin in 1920, he corresponded publicly with David Lloyd George about peace moves, to the upset of his colleagues. He went on to hold meetings with Lloyd George and Edward Carson in January 1921, and reported British terms to Éamon de Valera on his return. He was President of Sinn


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 Féin from 1933 to 1935. O'Flanagan travelled extensively throughout his lifetime, spending many years in the United States, and several months in Rome.After five months as Republican Envoy to Australia he was deported in 1923. O'Flanagan, James Larkin and Frank Ryan were considered the best open-air orators of the twentieth century. He was suspended from the priesthood for many years because of his political beliefs and attitudes. In later years he edited the 1837 Ordnance Survey letters and prepared sets for institutions and universities; in the 1930s he worked on a series of County Histories, and ten volumes were published by the time of his death. He died in 1942, was given a State Funeral, and is buried in the Republican Plot in Glasnevin Cemetery. Early life and education

<mask> was born on 13 August 1876 at Cloonfower in the parish of Kilkeeven, close to Castlerea in County Roscommon. He was the fourth of eight children born to Edward Flanagan (born 1842) and Mary Crawley (born 1847); the children in order of birth were Maire, Luke, Patrick, <mask>, Brigid, Edmund, Kate and Joseph.Both parents were fluent speakers of Irish and English, living on a small farm in what was known as a breac or speckled gaeltacht. When he was three years old, the 1879 famine swept through the west of Ireland. While conditions were not as severe as thirty years earlier, there was great fear among the people who had survived the earlier starvation, expressed in a wave of religious fervour, as for example, the apparitions at Knock in 1879. The Flanagan family were staunch supporters of the Fenian movement. As a young man <mask>

masks:
Michael Flanagan
Michael
Michael


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 lived through the evictions, boycotts and shootings of the Land War. His parents were and members of the Land League, and he was fascinated by politics, avidly following the rise and fall of Charles Stewart Parnell. O'Flanagan attended the local national school at Cloonboniffe, known as the Don School, where his teacher was <mask>'Callaghan.In 1890 O'Flanagan went on to attend secondary school at Summerhill College in Sligo. He entered St Patrick's College, Maynooth in the autumn of 1894 where he had an excellent academic record, winning prizes in theology, scripture, canon law, Irish language, education, and natural science. O'Flanagan was ordained a priest of the Third Order of St. Francis for the Diocese of Elphin in Sligo Cathedral on 15 August 1900 at the age of 24. It was around this time that he began to use the Irish form of his surname. While working in Sligo O'Flanagan was active in his promotion of the Irish culture and language, and he gave evening language classes in Sligo Town Hall. He was a founding member and secretary of the Sligo Feis, which was first held in 1903, when Padraig Pearse was invited to give a lecture titled "The Saving of a Nation" in Sligo Town Hall. Both Pearse and Douglas Hyde were the judges of the Irish language competitions in 1903 and again in 1904.Fundraising in the United States

O'Flanagan was a keen supporter rural development and Irish self-reliance, with practical knowledge and point of view, having grown up on a small farm. He was a skilled public speaker and communicator and was vocal in agitating for radical social and political change. In 1904 he was invited by


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 committees of North Roscommon. If Sinn Féin spreads rapidly the Irish Alliance will not be needed. However, there is no time to lose.In 1914 O'Flanagan was invited back to Rome to give a series of Lenten lectures, and he spent six weeks, again preaching in San Silvestro's.At the end of his course of lectures he received a medal from the pope, Benedict XV. While preparing to leave Rome, O'Flanagan was informed he was to be removed from Roscommon and was to proceed to Cliffoney in County Sligo. Cliffoney

In late July 1914 the Bishop Bernard Coyne transferred O'Flanagan to Cliffoney, a small village in the parish of Ahamlish in north county Sligo. He had instructions from the bishop to assist the ailing priest, help the faltering lace industry in Cliffoney, and to look for land or a building for a village hall. Initially he rented a Lodge in Mullaghmore before eventually moving up to Cliffoney where he rented a cottage from Mrs. Hannan. While living in Cliffoney he actively campaigned against recruitment in the British army. His sermons were noted down by the RIC from the barracks next to the church who often occupied the front pew with notebooks to hand.Along with his old pupil from Summerhill, Alec McCabe, O'Flanagan was instrumental in re-organising the company of the Irish Volunteers in the Cliffoney area after the split with Redmond's National Volunteers. "At that time we had a Catholic Curate, the late Father <mask>'Flanagan, a great Irishman and strong supporter of the Republican Movement. He gave us every assistance and encouragement and advised the young men of the parish to join the Irish Volunteers.


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts: Dublin, with arrangements for Count Plunkett to speak in Boyle and Ballaghdereen: "I have written to you in Oxford asking you to come to Boyle by the train that leaves Broadstone at 9 a.m. on Thursday & to speak there and at the fair in Ballaghadereen next, lest you might have left Oxford I am also writing this to Dublin."Indicating the importance of the Catholic church in elections, he adds that they are planning to hold meetings at some 25 churches the following day. The campaign became known as the Election of the Snows on account of the adverse weather conditions which saw snow drifts of up to ten feet high blocking the roads. O'Flanagan, though forbidden to speak outside the boundaries of the parish, was at the forefront in running the campaign for the Count, which included the organisation of clearing the snow off the roads so that supporters could get out to vote. Count Plunkett only arrived two days before election day. O'Flanagan was joined by Seamus O'Doherty, a native of Derry, who became director of elections for the Count and Laurence Ginnell, the rebellious independent MP for Westmeath, who became Plunkett's election agent. They were joined by workers from Dublin and other parts, such as <mask>, Arthur Griffith, Larry Nugent, Rory O'Connor, Darrell Figgis, William O'Brien, Kevin O'Shiel, Joseph McGrath and Count Plunkett's daughter Geraldine with her husband Thomas Dillon. After the election the Irish Times commented "For twelve days and nights he was up and down the constituency like a whirlwind and talking to people at every village and street corner and crossroads where he could get people to


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 listen to him."The winner was Count Plunkett, who took the seat by a large majority, the tally being Plunkett: 3,022; Devine: 1,708; Tully: 687. Count Plunkett and O'Flanagan were "chaired" from the courthouse to a celebration where Plunkett surprised his audience by announcing he would abstain from Westminster. Count Plunkett's Convention
On 19 April 1917 Count Plunkett chaired a Convention of advanced nationalists at the Mansion House in Dublin in an attempt to seek common ground in the aftermath of the North Roscommon election victory. There were tensions between Count Plunkett and Arthur Griffith, as to the form and direction the movement should take and who should be in charge. Count Plunkett wanted to establish branches of his Liberty Clubs throughout the country, while others present felt they should more usefully continue to use the name and organisation of Sinn Féin. A split seemed imminent. Fr.Robert Fullerton proposed that O'Flanagan to mediate between the two groups and prevent a split. O'Flanagan reached an agreement with Griffith, and they proceeded with the meeting, though later that evening O'Flanagan had to break up a row between <mask> and Arthur Griffith at a post convention gathering at Count Plunkett's residence. A compromise "rainbow" committee was formed represented by members from all sides: Plunkett, O'Flanagan, Cathal Brugha and Thomas Dillon representing the republican wing, Arthur Griffith and Seán Milroy for Sinn Féin, Thomas Kelly and William O'Brien representing the Labour movement and Stephen O'Mara for the Irish Nation League. O'Flanagan proposed Countess Plunkett to represent


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 seditious speech, died while being force-fed in Mountjoy Prison on 25 September. Requiem Mass was celebrated at the Pro-Cathedral by O'Flanagan on Friday morning before removal to City Hall where his body lay in state for two days. Ashe's remains were followed by a procession of 30,000 who marched to Glasnevin cemetery where <mask> gave the graveside oration.Vice-President of Sinn Féin
A convention was held at the end of October 1917, where the Easter Rising veterans and other supporting groups merged with Arthur Griffith's older organisation and adopted the name of Sinn Féin. Despite expectations of a split, Arthur Griffith and Count Plunkett stepped aside allowing de Valera to become president, with Griffith and O'Flanagan elected vice-presidents for a three-year term. "Long-term friends of Griffith in Sinn Féin, such as Alderman Tom Kelly, Robert Brennan and Jennie Wyse Power, remained the party's directors of elections, but this responsibility was taken on more by newcomers such as Fr. O'Flanagan who, in the absence of a chief whip (this was not a parliamentary party), was effectively the party's chief organiser." O'Flanagan proved a highly effective organiser and party manager. On the same day the Irish Convention published their report the British Government decided to impose conscription on Ireland. The resulting backlash brought all the diverse nationalist strands together, including the Catholic church leaders and the Irish Party, united in a massive anti-conscription protest campaign.When the Military Service Act was passed in the House of Commons on 16 April 1918, John Dillon led the IPP members


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 out in protest and they returned to Ireland to join the campaign. O'Flanagan had a long record of protesting against conscription dating back to his time in Cliffoney at the start of the war. He spoke at the conclusion of the monster rally in Ballaghadereen on 5 May, where John Dillon and Eamon de Valera shared a platform for the first and only time. In response to this wave of protest, Lord French's German Plot was set in motion, when old letters belonging to Sir Roger Casement were resurrected and used as flimsy propaganda. On 16 and 17 May sixty-nine Sinn Féin leaders were arrested and imprisoned by Crown forces, or went on the run if they had been tipped off by <mask>. O'Flanagan was exempted because he was a priest, and was left as the acting-president of the party. Sinn Féin issued a statement:

East Cavan By-election

In early 1918 Sinn Féin contested and failed to win three by-elections in South Armagh, Waterford and Tyrone.Another important by-election occurred on 20 June 1918 in East Cavan. With most of the leading Sinn Féin members in prison as a result of the German Plot, seasoned campaigners were in short supply. O'Flanagan was approached by Andy Lavin and asked to canvas for Arthur Griffith, then incarcerated in Gloucester prison. He broke the Bishop's "muzzle" and delivered a vitriolic speech to 10,000 people at Ballyjamesduff on Sunday 26 May. The oration, which was suppressed by the censor, was printed and distributed widely as by Sinn Féin as "Father O'Flanagan's Suppressed Speech." O'Flanagan put terrific energy into the contest, and featured widely in both RIC and newspaper reports, always


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts: Sinn Féin candidates abstained from Westminster and instead proclaimed an Irish Republic with Dáil Éireann as its parliament. The First Dáil's inauguration took place in the Mansion House in Dublin on 21 January 1919."The majority of the 103 members returned in the 1918 election were not present – some by choice, others through force of circumstance, their absences recorded in the recurring phrase of that day 'faoi ghlas ag Gallaibh.'" Harry Boland and <mask> were absent, having travelled to England to engineer de Valera's escape from Lincoln prison. O'Flanagan was appointed chaplain to the First Dáil. He was introduced by the chairman Cathal Brugha as "the Staunchest Priest who ever lived in Ireland," and invited to open the proceedings with a prayer. He duly read a prayer in both Irish and English calling for guidance from the holy spirit. The opening of the First Dáil coincided with the outbreak of the War of Independence when two policemen were shot dead in Tipperary that afternoon. O'Flanagan attended a meeting of the Dáil in early April, attended by a larger number of TDs including escapee de Valera, Collins and Boland.The event was photographed for publicity and was printed as a poster and postcard. In early May the Irish American delegation visited Dublin on their return from a fruitless mission to the Paris Peace Conference. The delegates, <mask>. Ryan, Edward Dunne and Frank P. Walsh posed for a photograph with senior members of Sinn Féin. O'Flanagan is standing with Count Plunkett and Arthur Griffith, accompanied by Éamon de Valera, Lawrence O'Neill the Lord Mayor of Dublin, and possibly W. T.

masks:
Michael Collins
Michael F


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 at Coolavin came to north Sligo for reprisals. Several houses in Cliffoney were burned along with Grange Temperance Hall and Ballintrillick Creamery. Also burned in reprisal was the Sinn Féin hall at Cliffoney, named after Father <mask>'Flanagan. Painted on the ruined walls of the latter was a message for local republicans: 'Vacated home of murder gang.'"On 1 November, the day of Kevin Barry's execution and Terence MacSwiney's funeral, O'Flanagan took his personal papers and hid them in the laundry room at the convent in Loughglynn. Bloody Sunday took place on 21 November when thirteen members of the Crown forces, sixteen civilians and three republican prisoners, including Dick McKee and Conor Clune, were killed. Telegrams to Lloyd George
O'Flanagan was Acting-President of Sinn Féin while de Valera was in the United States and Arthur Griffith was in prison. On 6 December, responding to comments about peace made in the press by Prime Minister Lloyd George, O'Flanagan began a public dialogue through the medium of telegrams and newspapers. The first message ran "you state that you are willing to make peace at once without waiting for Christmas. Ireland is also waiting. What first step do you propose?"These unexpected and unsanctioned moves caught his colleagues in Sinn Féin by surprise and they were quick to distance themselves from his comments. His critics, including <mask>, who was conducting his own secret peace moves through Archbishop Clune, was not impressed. "Collins made certain that the press was informed that O'Flanagan had acted unilaterally, writing in disgust, 'We must not allow ourselves to be

masks:
Michael O
Michael Collins


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 the republican journal An Phoblacht between June and December 1925. In September "Fr. <mask>'Flanagan and Eamonn Donnelly TD and Republican MP for Armagh, were arrested by the RUC, at a concert at Derrymacash, near Lurgan, on September 26. Held overnight, they were put, next day upon a train for Dublin." Sinn Féin split 1926
On 9–11 March 1926, an extraordinary Ard-Fheis was summoned by de Valera.There he tabled a proposal that Sinn Féin members should be free to enter the Free State Oireachtas if the Oath of Allegiance were removed. "He was prepared to 'take the risks and go after the people'; he would take 'the bog road' instead of 'the High road.'" O'Flanagan possibly expected this, since rumours that "a number of Irregulars are in favour of entry to the Dáil" had been circulating since January. O'Flanagan tabled a counter motion stating:That it is incompatible with the fundamental principles of Sinn Féin as it is injurious to the honour of Ireland, to send representatives into any usurping legislature set up by English law in Ireland. De Valera left to found Fianna Fáil, and the majority of the more talented members of Sinn Féin followed him, leaving behind the rump Sean Lemass referred to as a "galaxy of cranks. "Bishop Coyne died of a seizure July 1926, and was replaced by Dr. Edward Doorly. On 20 October 1927 when his father Edward O'Flanagan died, the ban on O'Flanagan's ministry was revoked by Fr.Harte, allowing him to celebrate the funeral mass. Fr. Harte was vicar general while Bishop Doorly was away in Rome. O'Flanagan considered his ban removed, though he did not celebrate mass in public and was


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 Seal's Eye, in 1926 and again in 1930. By the late 1920s, when he had no income from the Church, he was selling his goggles by mail order from his home in Bray, County Wicklow, advertising them in the Catholic Bulletin and on his lecture tours in the USA. The Father O'Flanagan Patent Goggles were the first real replacement for motorcycle goggles. They became popular for long distance swimmers such as International Marathon Swimming Hall of Fame Honor Swimmer Abilio Alvaro Da Costa Couto of Brazil.Four months after his death, in November 1942, O'Flanagan was awarded a prize for his goggles at an exhibition of scientific inventions held in the Mansion House in Dublin. Ordnance Survey letters
O'Flanagan became immersed in academic work from the mid 1920s. He undertook the task of editing the many hand-written volumes of letters by John O'Donovan and other collectors in Ordnance Survey of Ireland notebooks, a project of colossal scope. Some of the papers had been stored at the Ordnance Survey depot in the Phoenix Park, and members of the Gaelic League, concerned that the papers might be destroyed, had been attempting to make copies under the cover of <mask>'Rahlly's Irish Topographical Society. O'Flanagan oversaw the project, editing the handwritten letters into typed transcripts, making multiple copies for each county. These records are invaluable, and are still being used by Irish archaeologists, and O'Flanagan's name appears in the notes of countless papers as Ordnance Survey editor. In his 1927 lecture, Church and Politics, O'Flanagan describes how he funded the massive undertaking using a donation from


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 at meetings in Barcelona and Madrid, and also met with representatives of the Republican government. On 3 April 1939, after much lobbying by his friends and supporters, O'Flanagan was restored to his full clerical faculties by the Bishop of Elphin, Dr. Edward Doorly. In retirement he lived in Sandyford, Dublin, and acted as chaplain at the Carmelite Convents in Kilmacud and Roebuck, and the Convalescent Home of the Sisters of Charity in Kilternan. Asked about his beliefs in later years, he replied: I've been thinking recently where the Catholic Church has failed.It seems to me we have omitted the whole of Christ's teaching. We are introduced to Christ as a babe, absolutely overshadowed by His mother. Then you hear almost nothing about Him until His death. If I were to write a biography of a mere man, his birth and then his death, what kind of biography would that be—nothing about the object of his life? Death and funeral

After a short illness in the nursing home at 7 Mount Street Crescent, Dublin, O'Flanagan died of stomach cancer on at 4.30 pm on Friday 7 August 1942, within a few days of his sixty-sixth birthday. His last letter was to Bernie Conway of Cliffoney, dated 2 August 1942: Dear Bernie, Good bye to you and to dear dear Cliffoney. I am dying with a very special love of the people in my inmost heart.I'll be waiting in heaven to greet the Cliffoney people, especially those who prayed for me in front of the church door. —Fr. <mask>'Flanagan. O'Flanagan was given a state funeral, organised by Sean Fitzpatrick of the ITGWU. His remains lay in state in the Round Room in City Hall, where he had made his


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts: speech at O'Donovan Rossa's funeral in 1915. His remains were laid out in an open coffin and guarded by veterans of the War of Independence and 21,000 people, including Éamon de Valera came to pay their respects. The graveside oration, given by his old friendceilg, was later printed and published by the National Aid Auxiliary Committee, Dublin, 1942.This pamphlet, titled "Fr. <mask>'Flanagan: Sceilg's Graveside Oration, August 10, 1942," has become a collectors item.'' O'Flanagan is buried in the Republican Plot in Glasnevin Cemetery, between Maude Gonne and Austin Stack. The font was placed in the porch adorned with a plain Latin cross and the date 1943. O'Flanagan was described in a memoir by Sean O'Casey as "An unselfish man, a brilliant speaker, with a dangerous need of more respect for bishops dressed in a little brief authority; a priest spoiled by too many good qualities." In 1954 C. Desmond Greaves, editor of the Irish Democrat, fearing O'Flanagan's memory was becoming lost to the younger generation, published a booklet titled "<mask> O'Flanagan: Republican Priest." In 1992 a plaque with Fr.O'Flanagan's name was finally permitted by the Catholic church. The unveiling was attended by Pat O'Flanagan, a grand-nephew of O'Flanagan, and Thomas Hargadon, the last living member of the 1942 memorial committee. A memorial was placed on his grave by the National Graves Association in 1992 to mark the 50th anniversary of his death. A memorial commemoration organised by the National Graves Association was held at O'Flanagan's grave in Glasnevin cemetery on August 25, 2019. After an oration delivered by Tommy

masks:
Michael O
Father Michael


title: Michael O'Flanagan

texts:
 McKearney a new Celtic cross headstone was unveiled. References

External links
Fr. <mask>'Flanagan: Official Website maintained by the Cliffoney Memorial Group: www.frmichaeloflanagan.com
Father <mask>'Flanagan - Republican Priest.The story of his life with extracts from his speeches by C. Desmond Greaves. The Staunchest Priest: Fr <mask>'Flanagan from Roscommon was known as 'The Republican Priest' - President of Sinn Féin from 1933-35 (Broadcast 1976). Fr. <mask>'Flanagan, Rebel Priest. Documentary by Marcus Howard. 1876 births
1942 deaths
Alumni of St Patrick's College, Maynooth
Burials at Glasnevin Cemetery
Catholicism and far-left politics
Deaths from stomach cancer
Irish Christian socialists
20th-century Irish Roman Catholic priests
20th-century Irish historians
Leaders of Sinn Féin
People educated at Summerhill College
People from County

masks:
Michael O
Michael O
Michael O
Michael O


title: Dariusz Michalczewski

texts:
<mask> (born 5 May 1968) is a Polish-German former professional boxer who competed from 1991 to 2005. He held multiple world championships in two weight classes, including the WBA, IBF, WBO and lineal light-heavyweight titles between 1994 and 2003, and the WBO junior-heavyweight title from 1994 to 1995. BoxRec currently ranks him No.63 in its ranking of the greatest pound for pound boxers of all time. Amateur career
Michalczewski came up through Poland's state-run sports program as a boy and had a successful amateur career. He achieved an amateur record of 139–11–2 (89 KO). Highlights of his amateur career include:

1986 – European Junior Semi-Finalist in middleweight division, defeating Fabrice Tiozzo but losing to Ray Close
1990 – German National Champion in light heavyweight division
1991 – European Champion in light heavyweight division

Defection to Germany
On 24 April 1988, while competing beyond the Iron Curtain in West Germany for the Polish national team, Michalczewski defected from the amateur team to stay in West Germany. Becoming a citizen of the now united Germany in 1991 and turning professional the same year, he was soon signed by Universum Box-Promotion, one of the leading boxing promoters in Europe.His aggressive style earned him the nickname "Tiger". Professional career
<mask> turned professional in September 1991. He won the German International light-heavyweight title early on 13 February 1993, a title for foreign-born fighters based in Germany. He then won the IBF Intercontinental title on 22 May 1993. Two-weight world champion
On 10 September 1994, <mask>, at 23-0 (18 KOs), captured the WBO light-heavyweight title with a 12-round decision over defending champion Leeonzer Barber at Sporthalle, Alsterdorf, Hamburg, Germany. Between then and March 2003, <mask> made 23 successful defenses of his WBO title against 20 different boxers, and picked up three other belts along the way. Three months after beating Barber, he won the WBO cruiserweight title with a

masks:
Dariusz Tomasz Michalczewski
Michalczewski
Michalczewski
Michalczewski


title: Dariusz Michalczewski

texts:
 tenth-round knockout of Nestor Giovannini.However, he soon gave up that title to continue campaigning as a light-heavyweight. In 1996, Universum Box-Promotion's conditioning coach Fritz Sdunek became head coach and replaced Chuck Talhami as Michalczewski's trainer, which resulted in a marked improvement in Michalczewski's performances. Hill vs Michalczewski unification
On 13 June 1997, he defeated Virgil Hill over 12 rounds to add Hill's WBA, IBF and Lineal light-heavyweight titles to his own. However, Michalczewski soon lost both alphabet titles; Scandalously, the WBA immediately stripped him for displaying its belt along with that of the WBO. <mask> was then forced to relinquish the IBF title when he was unable to defend the title in a court-ordered defense against mandatory challenger William Guthrie within a little over a month after the bout with Hill. After beating Hill, Michalczewski knocked out 14 consecutive opponents, all in defense of his Lineal/WBO titles. In 1998, he defeated Drake Thadzi, in 1999, he defeated Montel Griffin, and in 2000, he defeated Graciano Rocchigiani.Going for Marciano's record

<mask> had a perfect record of 48-0 when he faced Julio César González of Mexico in defense of his title on 18 October 2003. Coming into the fight, he was within one victory of tying Rocky Marciano's record of 49 wins with no losses. A win also would have put him just one victory short of Joe Louis' all-time record for successful defenses at any weight class. However, as when Larry Holmes went for the same record against Michael Spinks, the now 35-year-old Michalczewski was unable to pull it off. He lost a split decision to the 27-year-old Gonzalez at the Color Line Arena in Hamburg, and his career record dropped to 48-1. Despite the loss, he still holds the record for the most consecutive successful world title defenses at light-heavyweight. Final fight
In October 2004, it was announced that <mask> would come out of retirement to box France's Fabrice Tiozzo for the WBA


title: Dariusz Michalczewski

texts:
 light heavyweight title on 26 February 2005 in Hamburg.<mask> was stopped in six round, then he announced his retirement in May 2005. <mask> was to come out of retirement to fight German boxing icon Sven Ottke in Germany in May 2008, but the bout never materialized. In popular culture
Tiger Energy Drink is named after the famous boxer. His picture and text "Recommended by <mask> 'Tiger' <mask>" appears on the cans and bottles. <mask> <mask> struck a friendship with performer Mark Wahlberg, known at the time by his stage name Marky Mark of the formation Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch. In 1995, Marky Mark released a track called "No Mercy" about his friend <mask> <mask>, including excerpts in Polish from Dariusz, who also appears in the video clip shot by Frank Papenbroock. "No Mercy" appears in the album The Remix Album by Prince Ital Joe and Marky Mark, although this particular track is a solo effort by Marky Mark.In 2006, a documentary was made by Pawel Kocambasi alias P.M.Starost. The 60-minute documentary entitled "Tiger" took part in Filmfest München and won the award for the Best Documentary at the Biberacher Filmfestspiele. Social involvement
In 2003 <mask> Michalczewski established foundation "Równe Szanse" (equal chances) which was aimed at supporting initiatives for youth from dysfunctional families. Since 2014 he supports the social campaign for civil union and the right for adoption by homosexual couples. Professional boxing record

See also
List of light heavyweight boxing champions
List of WBA world champions
List of IBF world champions
List of WBO world champions

References

External links

<mask> Michalczewski profile at Cyber Boxing Zone

1968 births
Living people
World Boxing Association champions
International Boxing Federation champions
World Boxing Organization champions
Polish male boxers
Sportspeople from Gdańsk
Polish defectors
Polish emigrants to Germany
German male boxers
Middleweight boxers
World light-heavyweight boxing champions
World cruiserweight

masks: Michalczewski Michalczewski Dariusz Michalczewski Dariusz Michalczewski Dariusz Michalczewski Dariusz Dariusz


title: Lars Windhorst

texts:
<mask> (born November 22, 1976) is a German entrepreneur and co-founder of Sapinda Group. In 2015, he was ranked in the Sunday Times Rich List, with his net worth reported as being £320 million. He notably founded businesses in his teens, filing for bankruptcy in 2003 as a result of the Dot-com bubble. The following year, Windhorst co-founded the Sapinda Group. Following restructuring, Sapinda Holding BV, founded in 2009, is the group's parent company. Windhorst is its Non-Executive Chairman. In December 2007, shortly after Christmas, Windhorst was severely injured during a plane crash in Kazakhstan.One of the pilots died when the Bombardier Challenger 604 hit a wall and exploded after leaving the runway in Almaty. Early life
While aged 14, Windhorst, the son of a local stationery store owner, turned the family garage in his hometown of Rahden, into a makeshift computer lab. He mobilised his classmates to help him build PCs, which he later sold in his father's shop, while seeking suppliers of individual components in China. In 1993 while still at school, he established his first company. He was helped in administering its operations by his parents, given he was underage, such as by signing contracts on his behalf and driving him to work. Windhorst became well known as one of the most successful young entrepreneurs in Germany. Being termed the "Wunderkind" and Germany's Bill Gates, he was invited to join the former German Chancellor Helmut Kohl on a trip to Asia as part of the official government delegation.It was on this trip that Windhorst developed international business contacts, being the youngest participant in the World Economic Forum in Davos. Early businesses
In October 1993, Windhorst founded his first company, Windhorst Electronics GmbH, alongside Chinese


title: Lars Windhorst

texts:
 subsidiary Vatas.In April 2009, all business activities were restructured and the new parent company for the group became Sapinda Holding BV, founded that same year in Amsterdam. The Group now has offices in several countries and employs a team of more than 80 employees worldwide. Sapinda Holding BV combines investments in agriculture and food processing with mining/raw materials, oil and gas extraction and production, in both public and private companies. It also holds stakes in the media, technology and real estate sectors. In February 2018 Sapinda acquired luxury brand La Perla. Together with Carl Heinrich Bruhn, <mask> set up Amatheon Agri to give Sapinda Holding BV exposure to the African agricultural sector, according to German news magazine Der Spiegel. In an interview, Windhorst stated the Sapinda business organised investments amounting to around €3.5 billion between 2009 and 2012, including loans for companies like Air Berlin and Infineon.Sapinda's partners include management consultant Roland Berger, its advisory board being managed by Hubertus von Grünberg, who is also Chairman of Swiss corporation ABB Ltd. The group changed its name in May, 2019, to Tennor (Tennor Holding B.V.). Lawsuits
Windhorst filed for personal bankruptcy in the summer of 2007. According to an article in German news magazine Focus from 3 September 2007, the lawsuit against him presented by his joint creditor, Ulrich Marseille, was rejected by the German Federal Court of Justice in August, meaning Windhorst's debts were cleared. The Public Prosecutor in Berlin pressed charges against Windhorst for fraud, breach of trust, embezzlement and several counts of insolvency offences in 2009. Windhorst's breach of trust involved transferring €800,000 of personal funds into one of his


title: Lars Windhorst

texts:
 alternative accounts. After a plea-bargain, prosecutors agreed to drop the fraud charges if he paid a fine of €1 million, repaid €2.5 million to his alleged victim and admitted a breach of trust offence, for which he was given a one-year probation period.At proceedings commencing on 18 December 2009, these charges were discontinued, and the amount was paid back. In 2010, Windhorst also faced a civil suit by Alki Partners, an American hedge fund, which filed papers in a Manhattan court alleging that he and others took part in a "fraudulent scheme" to "manipulate" the share price of Remote DX, a US company. The complaint was dismissed later that year. Philanthropy
Windhorst is a founding patron of the Serpentine Sackler Gallery and member of the Council of Trustees of the Serpentine Gallery in London. Since 2014 <mask> has supported the C/O-Gallery in Berlin, a private museum specialising in photographic-art, acting as a "Patron". Windhorst purchased part of the Christo and Jeanne-Claude collection, including documents and objects (such as scaffolding) involved in the 1995 Reichstag "wrapping". In November 2015, Norbert Lammert, President of the Bundestag, and the artist Christo opened an exhibition displaying 400 original drawings and sketches of the wrapping after Windhorst donated the works to the Bundestag until 2035.From 2002 to 2012, Windhorst served as board of trustees of the Mentor Foundation, and collaborates with the Ein Herz für Kinder foundation. Hertha BSC
In June 2019, he bought stakes of Bundesliga side Hertha BSC. In 2020, he bought more stakes of the club. References

External links
 Lars Windhorst Archive

1976 births
Living people
Child businesspeople
German expatriates in the United Kingdom
German investors
German football chairmen and


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
<mask> (24 October 1923 – 20 December 1997) was a British-born naturalised American poet. She was a recipient of the Lannan Literary Award for Poetry. <mask>'s 'What Were They Like?' is currently included in the Pearson Edexcel GCSE (9–1) English Literature poetry anthology, and the Conflict cluster of the OCR GCSE (9-1) English Literature poetry anthology, 'Towards a World Unknown.' Early life and influences
<mask> was born and grew up in Ilford, Essex. Her mother, Beatrice Adelaide (née Spooner-Jones) Levertoff, came from a small mining village in North Wales. Her father, Paul Levertoff, had been a teacher at Leipzig University and as a Russian Hasidic Jew was held under house arrest during the First World War as an 'enemy alien' by virtue of his ethnicity.He emigrated to the UK and became an Anglican priest after converting to Christianity. In the mistaken belief that he would want to preach in a Jewish neighbourhood, he was housed in Ilford, within reach of a parish in Shoreditch, in East London. His daughter wrote, "My father's Hasidic ancestry, his being steeped in Jewish and Christian scholarship and mysticism, his fervour and eloquence as a preacher, were factors built into my cells". <mask>, who was educated at home, showed an enthusiasm for writing from an early age and studied ballet, art, piano and French as well as standard subjects. She wrote about the strangeness she felt growing up part Jewish, German, Welsh and English, but not fully belonging to any of these identities. She

masks:
Priscilla Denise Levertov
Levertov
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title: Denise Levertov

texts: notes that it lent her a sense of being special rather than excluded: "[I knew] before I was ten that I was an artist-person and I had a destiny". She noted: "Humanitarian politics came early into my life: seeing my father on a soapbox protesting Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia; my father and sister both on soap-boxes protesting Britain's lack of support for Spain; my mother canvasing long before those events for the League of Nations Union; and all three of them working on behalf of the German and Austrian refugees from 1933 onwards… I used to sell the Daily Worker house-to-house in the working class streets of Ilford Lane".When <mask> was five years old she declared she would be a writer. At the age of 12, she sent some of her poems to T. S. Eliot, who replied with a two-page letter of encouragement. In 1940, when she was 17, <mask> published her first poem. During the Blitz, <mask> served in London as a civilian nurse. Her first book, The Double Image, was published six years later. In 1947, she met and married American writer Mitchell Goodman and moved with him to the United States the following year. Although <mask> and Goodman would eventually divorce in 1975, they did have one son, Nikolai, together and lived mainly in New York City, summering in Maine.In 1955, she became a naturalised American citizen. <mask>'s first two books had comprised poems written in traditional forms and language. But as she accepted the US as her new home and became more and more fascinated with the

masks: Levertov Levertov Levertov Levertov Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 American idiom, she began to come under the influence of the Black Mountain poets and most importantly William Carlos Williams. Her first American book of poetry, Here and Now, shows the beginnings of this transition and transformation. Her poem "With Eyes at the Back of Our Heads" established her reputation. Later life and work
During the 1960s and 70s, <mask> became much more politically active in her life and work. As poetry editor for The Nation, she was able to support and publish the work of feminist and other leftist activist poets.The Vietnam War was an especially important focus of her poetry, which often tried to weave together the personal and political, as in her poem "The Sorrow Dance," which speaks of her sister's death. Also in response to the Vietnam War, <mask> joined the War Resisters League, and in 1968 signed the "Writers and Editors War Tax Protest" pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the war. <mask> was a founding member of the anti-war collective RESIST along with Noam Chomsky, Mitchell Goodman, William Sloane Coffin, and Dwight Macdonald. Much of the latter part of <mask>'s life was spent in education. After moving to Massachusetts, <mask> taught at Brandeis University, MIT and Tufts University. She also lived part-time in Palo Alto and taught at Stanford University, as professor of English (professor emeritus). There she befriended Robert McAfee Brown, a professor of religion at Stanford and pastor.Franciscan Murray Bodo also became a spiritual


title: Denise Levertov

texts: advisor to her. In 1984 she uncovered notebooks of her mother and father, resolving some personal and religious conflict. In 1989 she moved from Somerville, Massachusetts to Seattle, Washington, and lived near Seward Park on Lake Washington, with a view of her beloved Mount Rainier. On the West Coast, she had a part-time teaching stint at the University of Washington and for 11 years (1982–1993) held a full professorship at Stanford University, where she taught in the Stegner Fellowship program. In 1984 she received a Litt. D. from Bates College. After retiring from teaching, she travelled for a year doing poetry readings in the US and Britain.In 1990 she joined the Catholic Church at St. Edward’s Parish, Seattle; she became involved in protests of the US attack on Iraq. She retired from teaching at Stanford. In 1994 <mask> was diagnosed with lymphoma, and also suffered pneumonia and acute laryngitis. Despite this she continued to lecture and participate at national conferences, many on spirituality and poetry. In February 1997 she experienced the death of Mitch Goodman. In December 1997, <mask> died at the age of 74 from complications due to lymphoma. She was buried at Lake View Cemetery in Seattle, Washington.Her papers are held at Stanford University. The first full biography appeared in October 2012 by Dana Greene <mask>: A Poet's Life (Chicago: University of Illinois, 2012). Donna Krolik Hollenberg's more substantial biography, A Poet's Revolution: The Life of <mask>, was published by

masks:
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Denise Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 the University of California Press in April 2013. Political poetry
Both politics and war are major themes in <mask>'s poetry. <mask> was published in the Black Mountain Review during the 1950s, but denied any formal relations with the group. She began to develop her own lyrical style of poetry through those influences. She felt it was part of a poet's calling to point out the injustice of the Vietnam War, and she also actively participated in rallies, reading poetry at some.Some of her war poetry was published in her 1971 book To Stay Alive, a collection of anti-Vietnam War letters, newscasts, diary entries, and conversations. Complementary themes in the book involve the tension of the individual vs. the group (or government) and the development of personal voice in mass culture. In her poetry, she promotes community and group change through the imagination of the individual and emphasizes the power of individuals as advocates of change. She also links personal experience to justice and social reform. Suffering is another major theme in <mask>'s war poetry. The poems "Poetry, Prophecy, Survival," "Paradox and Equilibrium," and "Poetry and Peace: Some Broader Dimensions" revolve around war, injustice, and prejudice. In her volume Life at War, <mask> uses imagery to express the disturbing violence of the Vietnam War.Throughout these poems, she addresses violence and savagery, yet tries to bring grace into the equation, mixing the beauty of language and the ugliness of the horrors of war. The

masks: Levertov Levertov Levertov Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 themes of her poems, especially "Staying Alive," focus on both the cost of war and the suffering of the Vietnamese. In her prose work, The Poet in the World, she writes that violence is an outlet. <mask>'s first successful Vietnam poetry was her book Freeing of the Dust. Some of the themes of this book of poems are the experience of the North Vietnamese, and distrust of people. She attacks the United States pilots in her poems for dropping bombs. Overall, her war poems incorporate suffering to show that violence has become an everyday occurrence.After years of writing such poetry, <mask> eventually came to the conclusion that beauty and poetry and politics can't go together. This opened the door wide for her religious-themed poetry in the later part of her life. Religious influences
From a very young age <mask> was influenced by her religion, and when she began writing it was a major theme in her poetry. Through her father she was exposed to both Judaism and Christianity. <mask> always believed that her culture and her family roots had inherent value to herself and her writing. Furthermore, she believed that she and her sister had a destiny pertaining to this. When <mask> moved to the United States, she fell under the influence of the Black Mountain Poets, especially the mysticism of Charles Olson.She drew on the experimentation of Ezra Pound and the style of William Carlos Williams, but was also exposed to the Transcendentalism of Thoreau and Emerson. Although all these factors shaped her


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 poetry, her conversion to Christianity in 1984 was the main influence on her religious writing. Sometime shortly after her move to Seattle in 1989, she became a Roman Catholic. In 1997, she brought together 38 poems from seven of her earlier volumes in The Stream & the Sapphire, a collection intended, as <mask> explains in the foreword to the collection, to "trace my slow movement from agnosticism to Christian faith, a movement incorporating much doubt and questioning as well as affirmation." Religious themes
<mask> wrote many poems with religious themes throughout her career. These poems range from religious imagery to implied metaphors of religion. One particular theme was developed progressively throughout her poetry.This was the pilgrimage/spiritual journey of <mask> towards the deep spiritual understanding and truth in her last poems. One of her earlier poems is "A Tree Telling of Orpheus" from her book Relearning the Alphabet. This poem uses the metaphor of a tree, which changes and grows when it hears the music of Orpheus. This is a metaphor of spiritual growth. The growth of the tree is like the growth of faith, and as the tree goes through life we also go through life on a spiritual journey. Much of <mask>'s religious poetry was concerned with respect for nature and life. Also among her themes were nothingness and absence.In her earlier poems something is always lacking, searching, and empty. In "Work that Enfaiths" <mask> begins to confront this "ample doubt" and her lack of

masks:
Levertov
Denise Levertov
Levertov
Levertov
Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts: "burning surety" in her faith. The religious aspect of this is the doubt vs. light debate. Levertov cannot find a balance between faith and darkness. She goes back and forth between the glory of God and nature, but doubt constantly plagues her. In her earlier religious poems Levertov searches for meaning in life. She explores God as he relates to nothing(ness) and everything.In her later poetry, a shift can be seen. A Door in the Hive and Evening Train are full of poems using images of cliffs, edges, and borders to push for change in life. Once again, <mask> packs her poetry with metaphors. She explores the idea that there can be peace in death. She also begins to suggest that nothing is a part of God. "Nothingness" and darkness are no longer just reasons to doubt and agonise over. "St. Thomas Didymus" and "Mass" show this growth, as they are poems that lack her former nagging wonder and worry.In Evening Train, <mask>'s poetry is highly religious. She writes about experiencing God. These poems are breakthrough poems for her. She writes about a mountain, which becomes a metaphor for life and God. When clouds cover a mountain, it is still huge and massive and in existence. God is the same, she says. Even when He is clouded, we know He is there.Her poems tend to shift away from constantly questioning religion to accepting it simply. In "The Tide," the final section of Evening Train, <mask> writes about accepting faith and realizing that not knowing answers is tolerable. This acceptance of the

masks: Levertov Levertov Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 paradoxes of faith marks the end of her "spiritual journey." <mask>'s heavy religious writing began at her conversion to Christianity in 1984. She wrote a great deal of metaphysical poetry to express her religious views, and began to use Christianity to link culture and community together. In her poem "Mass" she writes about how the Creator is defined by His creation. She writes a lot about nature and individuals.In the works of her last phase, <mask> sees Christianity as a bridge between individuals and society, and explores how a hostile social environment can be changed by Christian values. Accomplishments
<mask> wrote and published 24 books of poetry, and also criticism and translations. She also edited several anthologies. Among her many awards and honours, she received the Shelley Memorial Award, the Robert Frost Medal, the Lenore Marshall Prize, the Lannan Award, a Catherine Luck Memorial Grant, a grant from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. This is not to be confused with the 2002 US volume of the same title. From Neil Astley, of Bloodaxe Books:

"Selected Poems (1986) had no editor as such: the book was edited by Bloodaxe Books in consultation with <mask>, with helpful suggestions made by Linda Anderson and Cynthia Fuller. It was originated by Bloodaxe Books for publication in the UK and there was no corresponding US edition.It had no introduction or preface." Selected Poems (NY: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2002), preface by Robert

masks:
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Levertov
Levertov
Denise Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 Creeley, edited with an afterword by  Paul A. Lacey
New Selected Poems (UK: Bloodaxe Books, 2003), preface by Robert Creeley, edited with an afterword by Paul A. Lacey

The latter two volumes are identical in contents. From Neil Astley, of Bloodaxe Books:

"New Selected Poems was first published in the US by New Directions in 2002 under the title Selected Poems, and published by Bloodaxe Books in the UK in 2003 under the title New Selected Poems to avoid confusion with the previous UK edition called Selected Poems. It was edited with an afterword by Paul A. Lacy and has a preface by Robert Creeley. So it is the same book as New Directions' Selected Poems." Prose
The Poet in the World (NY: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1973)
Light Up the Cave (NY: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1981)
New & Selected Essays (NY: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1992)
Tesserae: Memories & Suppositions (NY: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 1995)

Letters
The Letters of <mask> and William Carlos Williams, Edited by Christopher MacGowan (1998).The Letters of Robert Duncan and <mask> (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2004), Edited by Robert J. Bertholf & Albert Gelpi. Bibliography
A Bibliography of <mask> (New York: Phoenix Book Shop, Paper, 1972), Compiled by Robert A. Wilson. <mask>ov: An Annotated Primary and Secondary Bibliography (NY: Garland Publishing, Garland Reference Library of the Humanities, Vol. 856, November 1988), Liana Sakelliou-Schultz. Criticism
Critical

masks:
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Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
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title: Denise Levertov

texts: Essays on <mask> (Boston, MA: G. K. Hall & Co., Critical Essays on American Literature, January 1991), Edited by Linda Wagner-Martin. <mask> (DeLand, FL: Everett/Edwards, 1972), Charles Molesworth. <mask> (NY: Twayne Publishers, Inc., Twayne's United States Authors Series 113, 1967), Linda Welshimer Wagner.<mask>: In Her Own Province (NY: New Directions Publishing Corporation, Insights, Working Papers in Contemporary Criticism, Paper, May 1979), Edited by Linda W. Wagner. <mask>: New Perspectives (West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill Press, 2000), Edited by Anne Colclough Little and Susie Paul. <mask> Revisited (Boston, MA: Macmillan Library Reference/Twayne Publishers, Inc., 30 July 1997), Diana Surman Collecott. <mask>: Selected Criticism (Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press, Paper, 1993), Edited, with an Introduction, by Albert Gelpi . <mask>: The Poetry of Engagement (Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, Associated University Presses, Inc., March 1993), Audrey T. Rodgers. From Out of the Vietnam Vortex: a study of poets and poetry against the war (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1974), James F. Mersmann. A House of Good Proportion: Images of Women in Literature (NY: Simon and Schuster, 1973), Michele Murray.Levertov's Poetry of Revelation, 1988–1998: The Mosaic of Nature and Spirit (Athens, Greece: George Dardanos, Paper, June 1999/February 2002), Liana Sakelliou.Our Last First Poets: Vision and History in Contemporary American Poetry (Urbana, IL: University

masks:
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Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 of Illinois Press, 1981), Cary Nelson.The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry in English (NY: Oxford University Press, 1994), Edited by Ian Hamilton.The Oxford Companion to Women's Writing in the United States (NY: Oxford University Press, 1995), Edited by Cathy N. Davidson and Linda Wagner-Martin.Poetics of the Feminine: Authority and Literary Tradition in William Carlos Williams, Mina Loy, <mask>, and Kathleen Fraser (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Studies, March 1994), Linda A. Kinnahan.The Poetry of Politics, the Politics of Poetry (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, Paper, 2006), Edited by Albert Gelpi and Robert J. Bertholf.Poets in Progress: Critical Prefaces to Thirteen Modern American Poets (Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press, 1967), Edited by Edward Buell Hungerford.Revelation and Revolution in the Poetry of <mask> (London: Binnacle Press, 1981), Peter Middleton. Understanding <mask> (Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1988), Harry Marten.Writing in a Nuclear Age (Hanover, NH: New England Review and Bread Loaf Quarterly: Distributed by University Press of New England, 1984), Edited by Jim Schley. Biography
Green, Dana. <mask>ov: A Poet's Life (Chicago: University of Illinois, 2012). First full biography of the author. Hollenberg, Donna Krolik, A Poet's Revolution: The Life of <mask> (Berkeley: University of California Press, 17 April 2013). More authoritative biography of the author.Further reading
 Keillor, Garrison.

masks:
Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
Denise Levertov
Denise Levert
Denise Levertov


title: Denise Levertov

texts:
 "Poems by <mask>ov", The Writer's Almanac''

Notes

External links

 Profile and poems at the Academy of American Poets
 Profile and poems at the Poetry Foundation
 Profile at Modern American Poetry
 Levertov Chronology
 <mask>ov Page on New Directions Publishing

1923 births
1997 deaths
American tax resisters
English women poets
English people of Russian-Jewish descent
English people of Welsh descent
English Roman Catholics
Black Mountain poets
Catholic poets
Converts to Roman Catholicism from atheism or agnosticism
British emigrants to the United States
20th-century British poets
Jewish poets
People from Ilford
Roman Catholic writers
20th-century American poets
20th-century English women writers
20th-century English writers
20th-century American women

masks:
Denise Levert
Denise Levert


title: Remi De Roo

texts:
<mask> (February 24, 1924 – February 1, 2022) was a Canadian bishop of the Catholic Church. He was Bishop of Victoria from 1962 to 1999 and the longest-serving Catholic bishop in Canada at the time of his retirement. He was also the last living bishop who had attended all sessions of the Second Vatican Council. He was notable for his advocacy of social justice and for making investments that impacted diocesan finances. Early life
<mask> was born in Swan Lake, Manitoba, on February 24, 1924. He was the second of eight or nine children; his sister became a Ursuline nun and his younger brother also became a priest. His first language was Flemish.<mask> attended seminary at St. Boniface seminary in Winnipeg starting when he was 15 years old. On June 8, 1950, he was ordained to the Catholic priesthood in his hometown. He subsequently undertook postgraduate studies at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas in Rome, obtaining a Doctor of Sacred Theology degree in 1952. Presbyteral ministry
<mask>'s first pastoral assignment was as assistant parish priest at Holy Cross Parish in Winnipeg's Norwood neighbourhood shortly after his ordination. He then became diocesan director of Catholic Action the following year, before serving as vice-chancellor of the Archdiocese of Saint Boniface and secretary to Maurice Baudoux. He eventually became parish priest at Holy Cross in 1960, his final position before becoming bishop in 1962. He ultimately served as a priest in Saint Boniface for 12 years.Episcopal ministry
<mask> was appointed as the thirteenth Bishop of Victoria on October 29, 1962. The see had been vacant since March of that year, when James Michael Hill died. He was consecrated bishop on December 14, 1962, at Saint Boniface Cathedral in Winnipeg, with Maurice Baudoux serving as the principal consecrator. He was installed in Victoria six days later on December 20. He was the youngest Catholic bishop at the time, as well as the first Bishop of Victoria born in Western Canada. During his tenure as diocesan bishop, <mask> was known as a strong proponent of social action and liberation

masks:
Remi Joseph De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo
De Roo


title: Remi De Roo

texts: theology and was a critic of capitalism. He was the main force behind the 1983 Canadian bishops' statement "Ethical Reflections on the Economic Crisis".That document stated that the "goal of serving the human needs of all people in our society must take precedence over the maximization of profits and growth""  He also supported the ordination of women and married priests. His decision to broach the latter subject during a lunch with Pope John Paul II and other bishops in 1994 drew the ire of the pope, while his address to a conference in the US calling for a dialogue about the former resulted in <mask> being summoned to Rome in 1986 and reprimanded by Joseph Ratzinger, the prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith at the time. <mask> co-wrote the book In the Eye of the Catholic Storm with a former nun in 1992. The decision by Catholic newspapers in the nearby Archdiocese of Vancouver (The B.C. Catholic) as well as Toronto (The Catholic Register) not to run ads promoting the book made national headlines, underscoring the friction between conservative and liberal Catholics. At around the time of his retirement, he intended to address an international convention of married Catholic priests in Atlanta. However, he ultimately backed out after the Vatican told him not to proceed.<mask> was at the centre of a financial scandal that left his diocese nearly bankrupt. Over a 15-year period, despite being a critic of capitalism he made a series of large investments in real estate and in a horse-breeding ranch without adhering to canonical requirements for consent from the Vatican, consultation with diocesan clergy, or financial record-keeping. When the ventures failed the diocese was left with a debt of over $17 million. <mask> was not accused of fraud but did not obtain Vatican approval for any of these transactions. Vatican approval is required for transactions over $3.5 million. In May 2000, <mask> issued an apology to all Catholics in his former diocese which was printed in parish bulletins. In the apology he wrote that "I am truly sorry and beg your forgiveness."The diocese

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