title: Antonio de Guevara

texts:
 and, thirdly, in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, a rediscovery and more positive reassessment of his work. The attitude of censure towards <mask>’s work first arose against the liberties he took in his pseudo-histories. <mask> Rhúa in his Cartas censorias wrote three letters to Guevara expressing indignation that <mask> had written ‘fábulas por historias’. Pierre Bayle's judgment in his Dictionary Historical and Critical is in many ways representative of a negative view of <mask>'s work prevailing during the late Renaissance and Enlightenment periods:

<mask>, (<mask>), preacher and historiographer to the emperor Charles V, was born in the province of Alaba in Spain. He was brought up at court; but after the death of queen Isabella of Castile, he turned a Franciscan monk, and very honourable employments in his order. Afterwards, having made himself known at court, he was made a preacher to Charles V, and was much esteemed for his politeness, eloquence, and great parts.He ought to have been contented with the glory he got by his tongue; for, pretending to write books, he made himself ridiculous to good judges. His high-flown and figurative style, full of antitheses, is not the greatest fault of his works. An ill taste, and a wrong notion of eloquence, put him upon such a way of writing; which was an inconsiderable thing, if compared with his extravagant way of handling history. He broke the most sacred and essential laws of it, with a boldness that cannot be sufficiently detested; and he

masks:
Guevara
Pedro de
Guevara
Guevara
Guevara
Antony de


title: Antonio de Guevara

type: original

texts:
 shewed that no man was ever so unworthy of the character of Chronicler to Charles V, which was given him. He alledged a very bad excuse, when he was censured for it: he pretended, that, excepting the holy scripture, all other histories are too uncertain to be credited. Bayle concludes his entry on Guevara by stating of The Dial of Princes that “if the French are to blame for having highly valued such a book, the Spaniards who have esteemed it still more, deserve more to be laughed at.”

In the twentieth century, scholarship on Guevara grew considerably. Book-length studies by Redondo, Ernest Grey, Joseph R. Jones, and Horacio Chiong Rivero have recounted Guevara’s harsh critical reception and made strong cases for his importance.Presently Guevara's complete works are freely available in accurate HTML editions at Filosofia. The scholar and editor Emilio Blanco has edited works by and about Guevara and in 2018 delivered public lectures on the life and works of Guevara at the Fundación Juan March in Madrid. Works
Libro áureo de Marco Aurelio (Sevilla, 1528)
Reloj de príncipes (Valladolid, 1529)
Las obras del illustre señor don <mask> gueuara (Valladolid, 1539)
Una década de Césares, es a saber: Las vidas de diez emperadores romanos que imperaron en los tiempos del buen Marco Aurelio
Aviso de privados y doctrina de cortesanos
Menosprecio de corte y alabanza de aldea
Arte del Marear y de los inventores de ella: con muchos avisos para los que navegan en ellas
Epístolas familiares (1539, 1541)
Oratorio de


title: Antonio de Guevara

texts:
 Satyrical, and Moral, trans.John Savage (London, 1697)
The mysteries of mount Calvary, trans. Rev. Orbley Shipley (London: Ribingtons, 1868)
A Looking Glasse for the Court, trans. Sir Francis Bryan and Jessica Sequeira. Seattle, WA: Sublunary Editions, 2021. References

Further reading
Alborg, José Luis. Historia de la literatura española: Edad Media y Renacimiento.Segunda edición ampliada. Madrid: Editorial Gredos, 1981: 726-734.
<mask>, Kathleen Bollard. 'Judging a Literary Career: The Case of <mask> <mask> (1480?-1545)'. European Literary Careers: The Author from Antiquity to the Renaissance, edited by Patrick Cheney and <mask>. De Armas, University of Toronto Press, 2002, pp. 165–185. Castro, Américo.Hacia Cervantes. Tercera (considerable renovada) edición. Madrid: Taurus, 1967: 86-142. Concejo, Pilar. <mask> <mask>, un ensayista del siglo XVI. Madrid : Ediciones Cultura Hispánica, Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana, 1985. Costes, René.<mask> <mask>: Sa Vie, Son Œuvre. Bibliothèque de l'école des hautes études espagnoles. Paris, 1925. Grey, Ernest. <mask>, a Forgotten Renaissance Author. University of Nijhoff, 1973. <mask>, <mask>.Libro aureo. In Revue Hispanique. Ed. R. Foulche-Delbosc, n. 169, t. 76 (1929): 6-319. <mask>, <mask>. Obras Completas. 2 tomes.Ed. Emilio Blanco. Madrid: Turner (Biblioteca Castro), 1994. Jones, Joseph R<mask> <mask>. Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1975. Lupher, David A. Romans in a New World: Classical Models in Sixteenth-Century Spanish America. Ann Arbor: The

masks:
de Broce
Antonio de
Guevara
Frederick A
Antonio de
Guevara
Antonio de
Guevara
Guevara
Guevara
Antonio de
Guevara
Antonio de
. Antonio
de Guevara


title: Antonio de Guevara

texts:
 University of Michigan Press, 2003, pp.50–56. Redondo, Augustin. <mask> <mask> (1480?-1545) et l'Espagne de son temps. Librairie Droz, 1976. 883pp. Rivero, Horacio Chiong. The Rise of Pseudo-Historical Fiction: Fray <mask> <mask>'s Novelizations.New York: Peter Lang, 2004. <mask>, John Garrett. Spanish Literature in the England of the Tudors. Macmillan, 1899. External links
Digitizations of <mask>'s manuscript of 'some letters by Marcus Aurelius' (a section of Libro áureo) at the Biblioteca Digital Hispánica
Video of Emilio Blanco's lecture on <mask>'s life and time (in Spanish) and another lecture on <mask>'s work

1480s births
1545 deaths
People from the Western Coast of Cantabria
Spanish Franciscans
Clergy from Cantabria
Writers from Cantabria
Spanish male

masks:
Antonio de
Guevara
Antonio de
Guevara
Underhill
Guevara
Guevara
Guevara


title: George Grimson

texts:
<mask> (October 1915 - 14 April 1944) was a bomber crewman serving in RAF Bomber Command during the Second World War. He was shot down, captured and subsequently imprisoned in a succession of prisoner of war camps in Germany before escaping and forming a network which assisted fellow escapers. <mask> remained on the run in the Third Reich, hunted by the Gestapo, but eventually disappeared probably having been captured and murdered by the SS in or after mid-April 1944 in the Danzig area. Early life
<mask> was born in Putney, south-west London in October 1915, the son of plumber <mask> and his wife Rebecca. The family lived in Bendemeer Road in Putney until 1930 when they moved to Gladwyn Road. He had two older brothers William John and Frederick, a sister Lilian and a younger brother Walter. <mask> abandoned his architectural studies to join the RAF in early 1938, in order to help support his mother and siblings after their father died in 1937.Royal Air Force service
<mask> trained at RAF Uxbridge and trained as aircrew to fly as a wireless operator/air gunner. After completing training he was posted to No. 37 Squadron RAF and commenced flying operational sorties in Vickers Wellington bombers at the outbreak of war. Prisoner of War
<mask> was the wireless operator aboard a No. 37 Squadron RAF Vickers Wellington (serial number  "L7792") squadron codes "LF-L" which was shot down by anti-aircraft flak on 15 July 1940 during a raid on barges in the dockyards of the German port of Hamburg by the anti-aircraft defences over Bremen. He was one of only two survivors who baled out before the bomber exploded. Allocated prisoner of war number 134, <mask> passed through Luftwaffe interrogation

masks:
George Grimson
Grimson
Grimson
William John Grimson
Grimson
Grimson
George Grimson
Grimson


title: George Grimson

texts:
 centre Dulag Luft, before being sent to Stalag Luft I at Barth, Stalag VIIIb, Lamsdorf and back to Barth before finally being sent to Stalag Luft III.Escaper
At Barth, <mask> escaped with a number of other prisoners while being used to bring the harvest in. Unlike his later more sophisticated escapes <mask> simply kicked his German guard in the backside and ran, but he was quickly recaptured. He started to learn to speak German and collate information which would aid his next attempt. <mask> began to work on relationships with any Germans who he felt might be able to supply something which could help him. <mask> assisted with another escape from Stalag Luft I Barth in which he dressed as a German guard to assist another prisoner, Tubby Dixon, to escape by digging a drainage trench under the wire. The attempt failed when a real guard was waiting outside the wire to recapture him. In September 1942 <mask> made his first solo escape attempt when he noticed that the German in charge of the stores where he helped out, looked very similar to himself.<mask> stole the German corporal's pay book and camp pass and smuggled them into the camp for the prisoner's forgery department to quickly copy them so he could get them replaced before the soldier noticed. A copy of a German fatigue uniform was made for him with German badges, a leather belt and a pistol holder made from cardboard stained brown with boot polish. An RAF cap was adjusted to resemble the German version to complete the disguise. Dressed up he walked to the camp gate where the sentry opened the gate hardly looking at his papers and let him through reaching the outer gate the guard took a quick look at the papers and let him pass

masks: Grimson Grimson Grimson Grimson Grimson Grimson


title: George Grimson

texts: through. <mask>'s pass would not let him out of the main gate until darkness so he hid for 6 hours and escaped through the gate by the officer's mess and into the woods where he changed into his civilian outfit and made straight for the railway station. His papers passed scrutiny and he then purchased a ticket to a point on his journey to the Swiss border. His papers were checked at the next stop and he was arrested and returned to prison camp.In late December 1942, <mask> and Allan Morris walked out of the camp with a group of German servicemen but were recaptured 2 days later, when they showed more courtesy than was expected from a German Officer. The prisoner forgery department had produced the documents necessary for the escape and the German uniforms to go over their civilian clothing. Both <mask> and Morris had again noticed that they had near doubles serving as officers in the German guard company who they impersonated and both had lain in wait for 3 nights fully disguised in their German uniforms waiting for the right moment when the two clones attended the show. Outside the wire they changed into civilian clothes disguised as foreign workers, walking to Sagan station and catching a train to the outskirts of Leipzig before being caught. In the late Spring of 1943 he made another attempt which was foiled before hatching a scheme to dress up as a guard with a fake rifle and march four prisoners out of the camp. Later he escaped again as the prisoners were being moved to Stalag Luft VI and was seen aboard the same train as the other prisoners; however, he was travelling in comfort impersonating a Gestapo agent. His plan was based on the confusion he had seen in the move to

masks: Grimson Grimson Grimson


title: George Grimson

texts: Heydekrug during which he had impersonated a German "ferret" (security search soldier).Wearing German overalls and leather belt pretending to test the boundary lighting, with a large ammeter fashioned from tins and dangling leads. Whilst the prisoners were preparing to transfer he stole a ladder setting it at a point 10 feet from a guard machine gun tower, calling up to the guard in fluent German he stepped over the warning wire and used his ladder to climb up to the lights, placing a plank across the two barbed wire fence lines. He tested a few bulbs, shouting to the guard each time he had to move. Twice Grimson was questioned by patrolling guards but each time he convinced them he was looking for a broken wire. 30 minutes later he dropped some pliers just inside the outer wire and told the guards that he was going to get them and return via the gate. He slowly lowered himself down, cracked a joke with the guard and retrieved his pliers. He walked calmly down the line until slipping into the woods where he changed into his civilian outfit and made off to the railway station.<mask> changed trains and was making his way towards the Baltic to Stettin in the hope of stowing away on a ship. On his fifth day of freedom, he was arrested as he tried to board a Swedish ship. As a prisoner in Stalag Luft VI he was involved in the Tally-Ho network, whose acquisition of German uniforms, passes and ration cards from suborned guards enabled <mask> to escape from the camp in February 1944 dressed as a German soldier. Arriving in Danzig (Gdańsk) he renewed contact with the Polish underground and organised a courier system using Germans on the Tally-Ho payroll. He travelled extensively through

masks: Grimson Grimson


title: George Grimson

texts:
 north-eastern Germany maintaining contact with the camp and even on occasion returning to its vicinity. Later <mask> secured employment as a boatman in Danzig harbour in which job he was able to pass escapees onto Swedish vessels. He assisted two of his fellow RAF NCOs to escape to England via the underground escape route that he established.Harold Bennett quotes in his Official RAF liberation questionnaire that he was "a member of the Tally-ho club in Sagan and Heydekrug and helped to gather information and escape kit together. Spoke German. Participated in the escapes of W/<mask>, Flockhart, Gilbert, Townsend-Coles, etc. from Stalag Luft 6 – Heydekrug. Last heard of <mask> in Danzig where he was waiting to help Leaman to get through. Source of information not reliable". Disappearance
<mask> was supported by anti-Nazi Germans, forced labourers from German-occupied countries and a network of informants but was constantly hunted by the Gestapo agents of SS-Obersturmbannführer Dr. Günther Venediger,  a price was placed on his head and wanted posters printed.He was last seen on 14 April 1944 in the Danzig area and was probably seized by the Gestapo, disappearing in captivity. Awards

<mask> was Mentioned in Despatches posthumously in December 1947 for bravery during his escaping attempts and for his work to assist fellow escapers. There is a dedication on the forces war records dedication wall. References

Bibliography

World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
1915 births
1944 deaths
Royal Air Force personnel killed in World War II
British escapees
Extrajudicial killings in World War II
British World War II prisoners of war
People from Putney
Military

masks:
Grimson
O Grimson
Grimson
Grimson
Grimson


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
<mask> (born December 3, 1955) is the president of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church), a polygamous denomination. In 2011, he was convicted of two felony counts of child sexual assault, for which he is currently serving a life sentence plus twenty years. In 2006, <mask> was placed on the FBI's Ten Most Wanted List for his flight from the charges that he had arranged illegal marriages between his adult male followers and underage girls in Utah. In 2007, Arizona charged him with eight additional counts in two separate cases, including incest and sexual conduct with minors. In September 2007, <mask> was convicted of two counts of rape as an accomplice, for which he was sentenced to imprisonment for ten years to life in Utah State Prison. This conviction was overturned by the Utah Supreme Court in 2010 due to flawed jury instructions. <mask> was extradited to Texas, where he was found guilty of sexual assault of a child (for sex with a 15-year-old he had married) and aggravated sexual assault against a child (for sex with a 12-year-old he had married), for which he was sentenced to life in prison plus twenty years and fined $10,000.Family and early life

<mask> <mask> was born on December 3, 1955, to Rulon <mask> (1909–2002) and Merilyn Steed (born circa 1935). <mask> was born more than two months prematurely in Sacramento, California. Rulon <mask> became the President of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church) in 1986, and at his death, was survived by nineteen or twenty wives and approximately 60 children. Former church members claim that <mask> himself has 87 wives.

masks:
Warren Steed Jeffs
Jeffs
Jeffs
Jeffs
Warren Steed
Jeffs
Jeffs
Warren
Jeffs
Warren


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 <mask> grew up outside of Salt Lake City, Utah, and for more than twenty years served as the principal of Alta Academy, an FLDS private school at the mouth of Little Cottonwood Canyon. <mask> became principal in 1976, the year he turned 21. He was known for being "a stickler for the rules and for discipline."Church leadership
Prior to his father's death in 2002, Jeffs held the position of counselor to the church leader. <mask> became Rulon's successor with his official title in the FLDS Church becoming "President and Prophet, Seer and Revelator" as well as "President of the Priesthood". The latter concerned being head of the organization of all adult male church members that were deemed worthy to hold the priesthood, a tradition carried on in the Latter Day Saint movement. Following Rulon's death, <mask> told the high-ranking FLDS officials, "I won't say much, but I will say thishands off my father's wives." When addressing his father's widows he said, "You women will live as if Father is still alive and in the next room." Within a week he had married all but two of his father's wives; one refused to marry Jeffs and was subsequently prohibited from ever marrying again, while the other, Rebecca Wall, fled the FLDS compound. Naomi Jessop, one of the first of Rulon's former wives to marry Jeffs, subsequently became his favorite wife and confidant.As the sole individual in the FLDS Church with the authority to perform marriages, Jeffs was responsible for assigning wives to husbands. He also had the authority to discipline male church members by "reassigning their wives, children and homes to another man." Until courts in Utah intervened, Jeffs

masks: Warren Jeffs Jeffs Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 controlled almost all of the land in Colorado City, Arizona, and Hildale, Utah, which was part of a church trust called the United Effort Plan (UEP). The land has been estimated to be worth over $100 million. All UEP assets were put in the custody of the Utah court system pending further litigation. As the result of a November 2012 court decision, much of the UEP land is to be sold to those who live on it. In January 2004, Jeffs expelled a group of twenty men from the Short Creek Community, including the mayor, and reassigned their wives and children to other men in the community.<mask>, like his predecessors, continued the standard FLDS and Mormon fundamentalist tenet that faithful men must follow what is known as the doctrine of plural marriage in order to attain exaltation in the afterlife. Jeffs specifically taught that a devoted church member is expected to have at least three wives in order to get into heaven, and the more wives a man has, the closer he is to heaven. Changes in location, leadership
Before his 2006 arrest, <mask> had last been seen on January 1, 2005, near Eldorado, Texas, at the dedication ceremony of the foundation of a large FLDS temple on the YFZ Ranch. The ranch came into the public eye on April 7, 2008, when Texas authorities conducted a raid and took legal custody of 416 children, in response to a March 31 phone call alleging physical and sexual abuse on the ranch. The caller claimed to be a 16-year-old girl married to a 50-year-old man who had, at age 15, given birth to his child. Residents, however, told authorities that there was in fact no such girl, and the calls were ultimately traced to 33-year-old Rozita

masks: Jeffs Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 Church effective November 20, 2007. In an email to the Deseret News, Jeffs' attorneys made the following statements: "Mr. Jeffs has asked that the following statement be released to the media and to members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints .... Mr. Jeffs resigned as President of the Corporation of the President of The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Inc." The statement did not address his ecclesiastical position as prophet of the FLDS Church, and many in the FLDS communities still regard him as the prophet and their current leader. There are also reports that Jeffs admitted his position of prophet in the FLDS Church was a usurpation in a conversation to his brother, and declared that "Brother William E. Jessop has been the prophet since [my] Father's passing", though Jeffs' attorneys have claimed he misspoke. In early 2011, Jeffs retook legal control of the denomination. Sex crimes allegations and FBI's Most Wanted
In July 2004, <mask>' nephew, <mask>, filed a lawsuit alleging that Jeffs had anally raped him in the FLDS Church's Salt Lake Valley compound in the late 1980s. Together with author Maia Szalavitz, Brent wrote the memoir Lost Boy, which recounts alleged incidents of child sexual abuse inflicted upon him by Jeffs, his brothers, and other family members, committed when Brent was aged 5 or 6.Brent's brother Clayne committed suicide after accusing Jeffs of sexually assaulting him as a child. Two of Jeffs' nephews, and two of Jeffs' own children, have also publicly claimed to have been sexually abused by him. In June 2005, <mask> was charged in Mohave County, Arizona, with

masks:
Jeffs
Brent Jeffs
Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts: sexual assault on a minor and with conspiracy to commit sexual misconduct with a minor for allegedly arranging, in April 2001, a marriage between a then-14-year-old girl and her 19-year-old first cousin, Allen. The young girl, Elissa Wall (then known as "Jane Doe IV", and the younger sister of Rebecca Wall), testified that she begged Rulon Jeffs to let her wait until she was older or choose another man for her. The elder <mask> was apparently "sympathetic", but his son was not, and she was forced to go through with the marriage. Wall alleged that Allen often raped her and that she repeatedly miscarried. She eventually left Allen and the community.In July 2005, the Arizona Attorney General's office distributed wanted posters offering $10,000 for information leading to <mask>' arrest and conviction. On October 28, <mask>' brother Seth was arrested under suspicion of harboring a fugitive. During a routine traffic stop in Pueblo County, Colorado, police found nearly $142,000 in cash, $7,000 worth of prepaid debit cards and personal records. During Seth's court case, FBI Agent Andrew Stearns testified that Seth had told him that he did not know where his older brother was and that he would not reveal his whereabouts if he did. Seth was convicted of harboring a fugitive on May 1, 2006. On July 14, he was sentenced to three years' probation and a $2,500 fine. On April 5, 2006, Utah issued an arrest warrant for <mask> on felony charges of accomplice rape of a teenage girl between 14 and 18 years old.Shortly after, on May 6, the FBI placed <mask> on its Top Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list, offering a $60,000 reward. He was the 482nd fugitive listed on

masks: Jeffs Jeffs Jeffs Jeffs Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 the list. The reward was soon raised to $100,000, and the public was warned that "Jeffs may travel with a number of loyal and armed bodyguards". On June 8, 2006, Jeffs returned to Colorado City to perform more "child-bride marriages." On May 27, 2008, The Smoking Gun website released images of Jeffs with two underage wives, one of whom was 12 years old, celebrating one-year anniversaries in 2005 and 2006. Arrest, trial and conviction
On August 28, 2006, around 9 p.m. PDT, <mask> was pulled over on Interstate 15 in Clark County, Nevada, by highway trooper Eddie Dutchover because the temporary license plates on his red 2007 Cadillac Escalade were not visible. One of <mask>' wives, Naomi Jessop, and his brother, Isaac, were with him.Jeffs possessed four computers, sixteen cell phones, disguises (including three wigs and twelve pairs of sunglasses), and more than $55,000 in cash. Jeffs' wife and brother were questioned and released. In a Nevada court hearing on August 31, Jeffs waived extradition and agreed to return to Utah to face two first-degree felony charges of accomplice rape. Each charge carries an indeterminate penalty of five years to life in prison. Arizona prosecutors were next in line to try Jeffs. He was held in the Washington County jail, pending an April 23, 2007 trial on two counts of rape, as an accomplice for his role in arranging the marriage between Elissa Wall and her first cousin. Jeffs was believed to be leading his group from jail, and a Utah state board has expressed dissatisfaction in dealing with Hildale police, believing that many members of the force had ties to Jeffs, so therefore did not cooperate.In May and July


title: Warren Jeffs

texts: 2007, <mask> was indicted in Arizona on eight counts, including sexual conduct with a minor and incest. <mask>' trial began on September 11, 2007, in St. George, Utah, with Judge James L. Shumate presiding. Jeffs was housed in Utah's Purgatory Correctional Facility in solitary confinement for the duration. At the culmination of the trial, on September 25, <mask> was found guilty of two counts of being an accomplice to rape. He was sentenced to prison for ten years to life and began serving his sentence at the Utah State Prison. On July 27, 2010, the Utah Supreme Court, citing deficient jury instructions, reversed Jeffs' convictions and ordered a new trial. The court found that the trial judge should have told the jury that Jeffs could not be convicted unless he intended for Elissa's husband to engage in nonconsensual sex with her.Elissa subsequently wrote an autobiography on her experiences in the FLDS Church and with Jeffs entitled Stolen Innocence. The book was co-authored with former New York Times journalist Lisa Pulitzer. <mask> was also scheduled to be tried in Arizona. He had entered a not-guilty plea on February 27, 2008, to sex charges stemming from the arranged marriages of three teenage girls to older men. He was transported to the Mohave County jail to await trial. On June 9, 2010, a state judge, at the request of Mohave County prosecutor Matt Smith, dismissed all charges with prejudice. Smith said that the Arizona victims no longer wanted to testify, and that Jeffs had spent almost two years in jail awaiting trialmore than he would have received had he been convicted.Combined with the pending charges against Jeffs in Texas,

masks: Jeffs Jeffs Jeffs Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 Smith concluded that "it would be impractical and unnecessary" to try Jeffs in Arizona. Jeffs was then returned to Utah; at the time, his appeal of the 2007 conviction was still pending. On August 9, 2011, <mask> was convicted on two counts of sexual assault of a child and sentenced to life in prison. <mask>, Texas Department of Criminal Justice #01726705, will be eligible for parole on July 22, 2038. Prison life
<mask> tried to hang himself in jail in 2007 in Utah. On July 9, 2008, he was taken from the Mohave County, Arizona jail in Kingman, Arizona to a Las Vegas, Nevada hospital for what was described as a serious medical problem. Sheriff Tom Sheahan did not specify Jeffs' medical problem but said it was serious enough to move him about 100 miles from the Kingman Regional Medical Center to the Nevada hospital.Jeffs has engaged in lengthy hunger strikes, which his doctors and attorneys have claimed were for spiritual reasons. In August 2009, Superior Court Judge Steve Conn ordered that Jeffs be force fed, at the Arizona jail. On August 29, 2011, Jeffs was taken to East Texas Medical Center, Tyler, Texas, and hospitalized in critical condition under a medically induced coma after excessive fasting. Officials were not sure how long he would remain hospitalized, but expected Jeffs to live. Jeffs  is incarcerated at the Louis C. Powledge Unit of the TDCJ near Palestine, Texas. In December 2012, Jeffs predicted that the world would end before 2013 and called for his followers to prepare for the end. The United Effort Plan (UEP) trust that formerly belonged to the FLDS was taken over by Utah in 2005 and controlled by the court for over a

masks:
Jeffs
Warren Jeffs
Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 decade, before a judge handed it over to a community board mostly composed of former sect members.In 2017, both the trust and Jeffs were sued by a woman alleging she was sexually abused by Jeffs when she was a child. Jeffs allegedly suffered a mental breakdown in the summer of 2019, leaving him unfit to give a deposition in the sex abuse case against him. Forcing him to testify would be “futile,” alleged attorneys representing the UEP community trust. The plaintiff's attorney said there is a lack of evidence to support a claim of Jeff's incompetency, accusing the trust of being "understandably very fearful" about Jeffs' testimony since it is liable for his actions as the past president of the FLDS.<ref name=trust>Lawyer: Polygamist leader <mask> has mental breakdown, AZCentral, Bracy McCombs (AP), 13 August 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2021.</ref>

Current FLDS members continue to consider Jeffs to be their leader and prophet who speaks to God, and has been wrongly convicted. Jesus Christ Message to All Nations
While incarcerated at the Powledge Unit, Jeffs released a book entitled Jesus Christ Message to All Nations which included several directives to set Jeffs free. Views

 End times
In the FLDS Priesthood History, Jeffs stated that “today the Lord rules over this people through President Jeffs, yet we’re under the bondage of the gentiles here in America.Soon the Lord will overthrow our nation and the priesthood people will rule over this land because the priesthood people will be the only ones left.”

While in prison, he made several end times predictions. Homophobia
In a 2001 sermon, <mask> stated that "the people grew so evil, the men

masks:
Warren Jeffs
Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 used by the devil, as a mortal man, to do great evils … If you, young people, were to marry a Negro, you could not be a priesthood person, even if you repented. You could not stay in this work." "Today you can see a black man with a white woman, et cetera.A great evil has happened on this land because the devil knows that if all the people have Negro blood, there will be nobody worthy to have the priesthood." "If you marry a person who has connections with the Negro, you would become cursed." Popular culture
In print

  An autobiography about a girl inside the FLDS Church and her experiences in the community and her escape as well as her accounts in the Jeffs trial. A book about Jeffs and the FLDS Church, which chronicles the details of Jeffs' rise to power, the activities of church members in Colorado City and Hildale and their trials. An autobiography concerning his youth and interactions with his uncle <mask>. Private Investigator Brower's account of his research about Jeffs and the FLDS Church and pursuit of justice for them. Documents the history of the FLDS Church, including Jeffs' role.<mask>, Rachel (2017). Breaking Free: How I Escaped Polygamy, the FLDS Cult, and My Father, <mask>. Harper. . Kindle . Memoir of the daughter of <mask>, takes you deep inside the secretive polygamist Mormon fundamentalist cult run by her family and how she escaped it. Films and documentaries
 The 2005 Regional Emmy and Edward R. Murrow Award-winning documentary Colorado City and the Underground Railroad, by Mike Watkiss
 The 2006 documentary feature, Damned to Heaven, produced by Pawel Gula and Tom Elliott. The film premiered in Europe at the Kraków

masks:
Warren
Jeffs
Warren Jeffs
Warren Jeffs


title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 Film Festival in Poland. In September 2007, it premiered in the U.S. at the Temecula Valley International Film Festival, where it received honors in the Best Documentary category.The film investigates the practice of plural marriage, and includes 20 minutes of Jeffs' original teachings, recorded for the purpose of educating followers. The 2006 documentary film Banking on Heaven documents Jeffs and the FLDS Church in Colorado City, Arizona. On July 19, 2006, Britain's Channel 4 ran the documentary The Man with 80 Wives. The program featured presenter Sanjiv Bhattacharya's unsuccessful search for Jeffs in Colorado, Utah, and Texas. The 2010 documentary Sons of Perdition describes life inside FLDS including Jeffs' control over the church's members. The film focuses on the experiences of children who have left the FLDS church. The movie was directed by Tyler Measom and Jennilyn Merten."Sons of perdition" is a derogatory term used by the FLDS Church to describe former members who have apostatized from their religion and faith. On April 9, 2012, the National Geographic Channel aired a 45-minute documentary, I Escaped a Cult, about three ex-members of religious cults. One story featured Brent W<mask>, nephew of Jeffs, whose testimony was critical in getting Jeffs convicted. On June 28, 2014, Lifetime aired a movie called Outlaw Prophet: <mask>s starring Tony Goldwyn. It is an adaptation of the non-fiction book When Men Become Gods (2009) by Stephen Singular. The 2015 documentary film, Prophet's Prey,  directed by Amy J. Berg. It is an adaptation of Sam Brower's book of the same name.^
 On January 22, 2017, Investigation Discovery aired <mask>'

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title: Warren Jeffs

texts:
 story in season 2, episode 3 of the original series Evil Lives Here in an episode entitled "My Brother, The Devil."It was told from the point of view of Jeff's brother Wallace and Jeff's nephew Brent. On February 19, 2018, A&E aired a documentary called <mask>s: Prophet of Evil''. See also

 Legality of polygamy
 List of polygamy court cases
 Placement marriage
 Mormon abuse cases#Fundamentalist abuse cases
 Under the Banner of Heaven
 Lyle Jeffs

References

Further reading

 Carolyn Jessop  with Laura Palmer (2007), Escape, Penguin Books

1955 births
Living people
20th-century apocalypticists
21st-century American criminals
21st-century apocalypticists
American Latter Day Saint leaders
American people convicted of child sexual abuse
American people of English descent
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
American members of the clergy convicted of crimes
American white supremacists
Criminals from California
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints members
Mormon fundamentalist leaders
People extradited within the United States
People from Sacramento, California
People from Washington County, Utah
People from Mohave County, Arizona
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Texas
Religious figures convicted of child sexual


title: Matthias Hentze

texts:
<mask> (born 25 January 1960 in Wiedenbrück, Germany) is a German scientist. He is the Director of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) and Professor of Molecular Medicine at Heidelberg University. Biography
<mask> studied medicine in the UK at the medical schools at the universities of Southampton, Oxford, Glasgow and Cambridge, and in Germany at the Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster from which he qualified in 1984. In the same year, he received his M.D. degree for a dissertation on the role of glycosylation in lysosomal enzyme expression with Kurt von Figura as his advisor. After a short phase of clinical work <mask> became a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland, USA) in 1985, having been awarded a fellowship by the German Research Foundation (DFG). In 1989, he joined the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg as an independent group leader.At the age of 30, he obtained the Habilitation from the Ruprecht-Karls University in Heidelberg and was appointed Dean of the EMBL International Ph.D. Programme in 1996. Together with Prof. Andreas Kulozik of the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg University, <mask> co-founded the Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU) in 2002 and serves as its Co-Director. The MMPU represents the first institutional partnership between EMBL and a national research institution and is devoted to interdisciplinary research at the interface between molecular biology and clinical medicine. In 2005, <mask> became Associate Director of the EMBL and Professor for Molecular Medicine at the University of Heidelberg. In 2013, <mask> was appointed Director of EMBL, advising and supporting EMBL's Director General, Edith Heard. He is married and has three daughters. He regularly participates in marathons of the World Marathon Majors series.Work

Research
<mask>’s research focuses on RNA biology and RNA-binding proteins. In 1987, <mask> and his colleagues discovered iron-responsive elements

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title: Matthias Hentze

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 as first example of an RNA element regulating the translation of mammalian mRNA into proteins. <mask>’s research group has paved the way for understanding translational control (RNA-binding proteins, microRNAs) whose significance for developmental biology, brain function, carcinogenesis and other diseases has in the meantime become widely recognized. Moreover, he has made key discoveries in the area of iron metabolism and disease. In 2010, <mask> proposed the concept of REM Networks, a new interconnection between metabolism and gene expression on the basis of RNA-binding proteins. The research project was awarded the ERC Advanced Investigator Grant by the European Research Council in 2011. Work following this hypothesis led to the development of the “RNA Interactome Capture” technique and to the discovery of hundreds of formerly unknown RNA-binding proteins in the cells of living organisms from human to yeast, including more than 50 metabolic enzymes.Recently, <mask> and his colleagues discovered new RNA-binding motives of proteins which they unraveled using a newly developed method called “RBDmap”. In 2019, they described the concept of riboregulation. They found out that the autophagy receptor protein p62 is directly regulated by a small RNA, vtRNA1-1. Currently, their research focuses on how widely biological processes are riboregulated. Administrative activities
Since 1996, <mask> has held positions in EMBL’s scientific administration, initially as Dean of the EMBL International PhD Programme and in the establishment and expansion of EMBL's internal and external training programs. He played a key role in the construction and establishment of the Advanced Training Centre (ATC) in Heidelberg. He is also responsible for developing EMBL's fundraising programs as well as the alumni program, and established EMBL's first Bioethics Committee, which he chaired from 2004 to 2020.<mask> and Helmut Wachter Award of the Medical University Innsbruck
 2018 — International Honorary

masks: Hentze Hentze Hentze Hentze Hentzese


title: Jack Kramer

texts:
<mask> (August 1, 1921 – September 12, 2009) was an American tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s. A world No. 1 player for 1946 and 1947 as an amateur and in 1948 as a professional in contemporary rankings. <mask> was one of the most important people in the establishment of modern men's "Open"-era tennis, and was the leading promoter of professional tennis tours in the 1950s and 1960s. Early and personal life
<mask> was the son of a blue-collar railroad worker for the Union Pacific railroad. As a boy he was a fine all-round athlete, particularly in basketball and tennis. When he was 13, the family moved to San Bernardino, California, and after seeing Ellsworth Vines, then the world's best player, play a match, <mask> decided to concentrate on tennis.In 1944, he married Gloria, and they had five sons: Bob, David, John, Michael and Ron. They lived in Bel Air, California. He invested in the Professional Tennis Tour, the Jack Kramer Tennis Club in Palos Verdes, CA., two Golf courses at the Los Serranos Country Club in Chino Hills, California, and racehorses. Starting in 1948, the <mask> Autograph tennis racket from Wilson Sporting Goods became the most popular selling racket of all time for over 35 years (Wilson Sporting Goods-1984). Tennis career

Amateur player
<mask> began his tennis career by taking lessons from renowned teaching professional, Dick Skeen. Within a year, he was playing junior tournaments. He played on the Montebello High School tennis team with George Richards.Because of his obvious ability and his family's lack of money, he came under the guidance of Perry T. Jones. at the Los Angeles Tennis Club (LATC). Jones was the President of the Southern California Tennis Association (SCTA). <mask> traveled many hours each day from his home in Montebello, California, to play tennis at the LATC and the Beverly Hills Tennis Club. He was able to play against such great players as Ellsworth Vines, Bobby Riggs, and Bill Tilden. He was the National Boys' Champion in 1936, and the

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title: Jack Kramer

texts: winner of the 1938 National Juniors Interscholastics. He competed occasionally in men's tournaments on grass courts in the East.He won matches against nationally ranked men such as Elwood Cooke. He also played with high school teammate, George Richards, who later was nationally ranked. <mask> competed at the U.S. National Championships seven times from 1938 through 1947. He lost his first match in 1938 in straight sets, winning only two games. At the 1939 U.S. Championships he was beaten in the second round by 11th-seeded and fellow Californian Joe Hunt. In 1940 <mask> defeated fourth-seeded Frank Parker in a five-sets quarterfinal but lost to second-seeded and eventual champion Don McNeill in the semifinal. At the 1941 Championships he was seeded for the first time, at No.11, and reached the quarterfinal where third-seeded Frank Kovacs proved too strong. In 1942, <mask> won the men's singles in the Ojai Tennis Tournament. <mask> received a leave from his duties in the Coast Guard to compete at the 1943 Championships. Seeded second, he reached the final, despite being weakened by food poisoning, but lost it to Joe Hunt in four sets. During World War II he continued to win prizes in the United States, since the war had effectively put an end to international tennis, but did not compete in the U.S. Championships in 1944 and 1945. The first Grand Slam tournament <mask> entered after the war was the 1946 Wimbledon Championships where he was seeded second but was upset in by Jaroslav Drobný in a five-set fourth round match. At the 1946 U.S. Championships he was seeded third but managed to win his first Major singles title after a straight-set victory in the final against Tom Brown, losing just a single set in the tournament.He was ranked World No. 1 amateur in 1946 by Pierre Gillou and Harry Hopman. At the 1947 Wimbledon Championships <mask> was seeded first and justified it by winning the title after another straight-sets win against Brown in a final that lasted only 48 minutes. At 1947

masks: Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer


title: Jack Kramer

texts:
 U.S. Championships number one seed <mask> faced Frank Parker in the final. Parker won the first two sets as <mask> struggled to find form. Then, <mask> "changed suddenly from a stumbling novice to a raging perfectionist" and went on to win in five sets to retain his title. <mask> was ranked World No.1 amateur in 1947 by John Olliff, Pierre Gillou and Ned Potter. <mask> made his debut for the US Davis Cup team in 1939 in the final of the World Group against Australia. Together with Joe Hunt they lost the doubles match against John Bromwich and Adrian Quist. In 1946 and 1947 he was part of the winning US team, defeating Australia in both finals and winning all four of his singles matches. After 1947 he became ineligible to play for the Davis Cup on account of becoming a professional player. He compiled a Davis Cup match record of seven wins and two losses. Professional player
<mask> turned professional in November 1947, signing a $50,000 per year contract with promoter <mask>.He made his pro debut against Bobby Riggs on December 26, 1947, at Madison Square Garden. 15,114 people showed up for the match in one of the worst snow storms in New York history to watch Riggs win. <mask> went on to win the tour with Riggs 69 to 20 and became the top professional for the next six years. <mask> beat Riggs in the final of the US Professional Championships in June 1948 in four sets. Riggs "blew a 5-3 lead in that all-telling opening set, and after that he was licked, showing obvious fatigue even though he did manage to rally to win the third set". <mask> was awarded $1,450 for winning the singles, and $412 for winning the doubles. <mask> also won tours of South America and Australasia in 1948.<mask> was ranked World No. 1 pro in 1948 by the P.L.T.A. In June 1949, <mask> won the Wembley Professional Championships, beating Riggs in the final. "Riggs set a fast pace in the first set, but he appeared, to burn himself out in the early stages of the match". <mask> won the Slazenger Pro at Scarborough in

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 July 1949 beating Budge in the final. In 1949–50, <mask> beat Pancho Gonzales 94 matches to 29 in the World Series. In the 1950–51 World Series, <mask> beat Pancho Segura 64 matches to 28.<mask> won the Philadelphia round robin event in March 1951. <mask> beat Frank Sedgman, 54–41, in the 1953 World Series. <mask> retired from competitive tennis in 1954 due to arthritic back problems and went on to promote his Pro Tour. He made brief comebacks on tours with Hoad and Rosewall in the late 1950s. Assessment
Tall and slim, he was the first world-class player to play "the Big Game", a consistent serve-and-volley game, in which he came to the net behind all of his serves, including the second serve. He was particularly known for his powerful serve and forehand, as well as his ability to play "percentage tennis",  which he learned from Cliff Roche, a retired automotive engineer, at the Los Angeles Tennis Club (LATC). This strategy maximized his efforts on certain points and in certain games during the course of a match to increase his chances of winning.The key was to hold serve at all costs, which was one of many things that made up <mask>'s mature game. <mask> was ranked world number one amateur player for 1946, and 1947 and world number one professional in 1948 in contemporary rankings. <mask> was regularly billed as "world champion" for his success as winner of the marathon tours against the rookie pros. <mask> was regarded by some tennis historians as one of the greatest players ever. In 1975, Don Budge ranked his top five players of all time and rated <mask> number two behind Vines. He also said <mask> had the best forehand. In 1978, Ellsworth Vines ranked his all time top 10 in Tennis Myth and Method and rated <mask> number two, behind Budge.In the Tennis Channel series "100 Greatest of All Time" in 2012, <mask> was ranked the 21st greatest male tennis player of all time, just ahead of longtime rival Pancho Gonzales at 22nd, and close behind his former pro recruit Lew Hoad at 19th.

masks: Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer Kramer


title: Jack Kramer

texts:
 Promoter
<mask> was involved in the 1948 agreement between the touring professionals and the USPLTA, which represented the teaching professionals and tennis professionals not under contract for the pro tours. The agreement established cooperation between the contract professionals and the USPLTA over the holding of the U.S. Pro at Forest Hills, and the touring pros agreed to refrain from establishing a separate contract player's organization. The issue would emerge again in 1951 when a group of touring pros established the Professional Tennis Players Association, which supported the Cleveland event as the U.S. Pro. The PTPA included the important pros who were no longer involved in the major professional tours, namely Kovacs, Segura, and Gonzales, and there was discussion of the PTPA creating an alternative pro tour.The PTPA apparently did not continue beyond 1952. <mask> himself would remain on good terms with the USPLTA into the 1960's. <mask> incorporated his own company "World Tennis Inc. Tours" in 1952 to manage the major professional world tours. He signed Frank Sedgman and Ken McGregor to contracts for the 1953 world tour, which cemented <mask>'s position as the foremost promoter in the professional game. He subsequently signed a succession of top amateur stars to professional contracts: Tony Trabert and Rex Hartwig in 1955, Ken Rosewall in 1956, Lew Hoad in 1957, Ashley Cooper, Mal Anderson and Mervyn Rose in 1958, Alex Olmedo in 1959, Mike Davies, Andres Gimeno, Robert Haillet, Kurt Nielsen, Barry MacKay and Butch Buchholz in 1960 and Luis Ayala in 1961. Some of these amateur stars were pitted against Pancho Gonzales in marathon head-to-head match series, primarily in the U.S.. Gonzales frequently complained about the financial arrangements which guaranteed much more money to the new pro recruits than to himself. However, Hoad stated "I never had a problem with <mask>".It was said that <mask> never had a signed contract with Pancho Segura, but operated entirely on a handshake

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 basis with the Ecuadorian star. <mask> planned a women's professional tour for 1955 between Maureen Connolly and defending world professional champion Pauline Betz, but it failed to materialize due to Connolly's career-ending injury. It was expected that Connolly would earn about $75,000 from her contract. <mask> apparently gave testimony at Connolly's trial for damages. <mask> terminated his own company World Tennis Inc. Tours in early 1960, but remained as promoter and manager of the new International Professional Tennis Players Association, which was owned by the players themselves and assumed responsibility for the pro player contracts. Ramanathan Krishnan rejected a record three-year $150,000 guarantee offer from <mask> in 1959. Neale Fraser rejected a $50,000 two year contract from <mask> in 1960.Both Laver and Emerson rejected contract offers from <mask> in 1961, and <mask> was not able to field a world tour in 1962, retiring as promoter and manager that year, being succeeded by Tony Trabert. <mask> continued to assist in the pro tour occasionally thereafter, and helped to arrange an $80,000 offer to Emerson in 1964, which Emerson rejected. Emerson also rejected a $100,000 offer from Wally Dill in 1966, claiming that it would represent "a pay cut" compared to his usual earnings. <mask> was a relentless advocate for the establishment of Open Tennis between amateur and professional players. An International Tennis Federation (ITF) proposal to introduce Open tennis lost by five votes in 1960, but became a reality in 1968. In 1970, he created the Men's Grand Prix points system. In 1972, he was the first executive director of the ATP.He was unpaid at his request. In that role, he was a key figure in an ATP boycott of Wimbledon in 1973, for the banning of Nikola Pilić from the tournament. Author
In his 1979 autobiography, The Game: My 40 Years in Tennis, <mask> calls Helen Wills Moody the best women's tennis player that he ever saw. "She was the champion of the world, when I was 15

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title: Jack Kramer

texts:
 and played her. – she won Seven Forest Hills and Eight Wimbledons.... I beat her, but Helen played a very good game." <mask> ranked the best possessors of tennis shots as of 1979:

 First Serve: Ellsworth Vines had the finest serve, but Pancho Gonzales was "more consistent with his in the tightest spots.Tilden, too, must be ranked, for speed and deception". Second Serve: John Newcombe by far. Forehand: Pancho Segura was best, then Fred Perry, followed by Bill Tilden and Ellsworth Vines. Backhand: Donald Budge was the best, with Frank Kovacs, Ken Rosewall and Jimmy Connors in the next rank. Return of Serve: Don Budge was the best, followed by Connors. Forehand Volley: Wilmer Allison, followed by Budge Patty, then Newcombe. Backhand Volley: Close among Frank Sedgman, Don Budge and Ken Rosewall, with Sedgman having the edge.Overhead: Ted Schroeder was the best, ahead of Vines, Rosewall and Newcombe. Lob: Bobby Riggs was the best, "but Segura, Bitsy Grant and Rosewall were almost as effective". Half-Volley: Pancho Gonzales and Ken Rosewall. <mask>'s serve and forehand were equal to the best players in the game, but he would not talk about his own strokes. <mask> attended Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, and he played on the tennis team in the 1941 and 1942 seasons. Pauline Betz was there at the same time. Commentator
<mask> started working for the BBC as a commentator on the Wimbledon Championships in 1960, a role in which he was very popular because of his intimate off-court knowledge of most of the players.He was paired with Dan Maskell in the commentators booth. However, he was dropped by the BBC in 1973 because of his role in the ATP boycott of Wimbledon that year, which saw 81 players, including defending champion Stan Smith, stay away from the tournament. <mask> returned to the BBC to commentate on the 1976 Wimbledon championships and the 1996 Australian Open men's singles final. <mask> was the first host of BBC TV's Wimbledon evening highlights programme from 1964 to 1970.


title: Jack Kramer

texts:
 He also commentated for NBC from 1954 to 1962, ABC from 1965 to 1973 and CBS from 1968 to 1973. Thoroughbred racing
A fan of Thoroughbred racing, <mask> owned and raced a number of Thoroughbred horses. Death
<mask> died from a soft tissue cancer on September 12, 2009, at his home in the Bel Air neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.Awards and honors
<mask> was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, in 1968. From 1979 until 1981 the Los Angeles Tennis Open, a tournament he was involved with since the 1950s, was known as the "Jack Kramer Open". He was portrayed by actor Bill Pullman in the 2017 movie Battle of the Sexes. Grand Slam finals

Singles (3 titles, 1 runner-up)

Doubles (6 titles)

Pro Slam finals

Singles (2 titles, 1 runner-up)

References

Sources
 Tennis is my Racket (1949), Bobby Riggs
 Man with a Racket (1959), Pancho Gonzales
 Big Bill Tilden, The Triumph and the Tragedy (1979), Frank Deford
 Tennis Players are Made, not Born (1976), Dick Skeen
 Little Pancho (2009), Caroline Seebohm
 The Factory System (August 1950), Perry T. Jones in Life Magazine
 Mental Tennis (1994), Vic Braden
 As It Was (2009), Gardnar Mulloy
 ''Never Make the First Offer (2009), Donald Dell

External links

 Excerpts from The Game

1921 births
2009 deaths
American male tennis players
American sailors
Deaths from cancer in California
People from Bel Air, Los Angeles
Sportspeople from the Las Vegas Valley
Sportspeople from San Bernardino, California
Rollins College alumni
Tennis commentators
International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees
Tennis people from California
Tennis people from Nevada
United States National champions (tennis)
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
World No. 1 tennis players
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's singles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in mixed doubles
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in men's doubles
History of tennis
Sportspeople from Montebello, California
Professional tennis players before the Open Era
American

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title: Jill Magid

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<mask> (born 1973) is an American conceptual artist, writer, and filmmaker. Magid’s performance-based practice  "interrogates structures of power on an intimate level, exploring the emotional, philosophical, and legal tensions that exist between institutions and individual agency.”

Magid has frequently worked by forming personal relationships with governmental systems of power, including police and intelligence agencies, questioning these structures of authority on a human level by embedding herself within them. Other projects intervene at contested sites of corporate control, bureaucratic process, and the law. Life
<mask> was born in Bridgeport, CT in 1973. She graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and received an MS in Visual Studies from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She currently lives and works in New York with her husband Jonny Bauer and their two sons. She serves as an adjunct professor at The Cooper Union.Exhibitions
Magid's work has been the subject of solo exhibitions at numerous institutions, including Tate Modern, London; Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo, Mexico City; Whitney Museum of American Art, New York; San Francisco Art Institute; Berkeley Museum of Art, California;  Tate Liverpool;  the Stedelijk Museum Bureau Amsterdam;  Yvon Lambert, Paris and New York; Gagosian Gallery, New York; The Centre D'Arte Santa Monica, Barcelona; and Stroom, The Netherlands. Magid is represented by LABOR, Mexico City. Awards and residencies

Magid is an Associate of the Art, Design and the Public Domain program at the Graduate School

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title: Jill Magid

texts:
 in the book, actively seeks out training with a "personal desire to engage the war on terror and its media representation through becoming an eyewitness." This non-fiction novel marks a new stage in Magid's writing: unlike previous works, its contents never enter the gallery space. The topics of the Closet Drama and Failed States exhibitions, in turn, are barely mentioned in the book. Critical response

Magid's work "is incisive in its poetic questioning of the ethics of human behavior and the hidden political structures of society. Her intelligent conceptual strategies engage the viewer in an absorbing aesthetic and intellectual experience that turns conventional assumptions of power, secrecy, control and social space inside out." "Ms. Magid […] seems motivated by an urge to infiltrate and personalize, if not sexualize, the anonymous social and technological systems that surround us. She pursues an idiosyncratic kind of body art descended from artists like Vito Acconci, Adrian Piper and Sophie Calle."References

External links
<mask>d's website
LABOR Gallery artist page
"<mask>gid On The Proposal," Artforum, September 2016
"500 Words," Artforum, May 2012
Kunitz, Daniel. "Texting: The Artist as Writer as Artist." Art Info, 3 June 2011. "Open Secret: Pamela M. Lee on the Work of Art Between Disclosure and Redaction," Artforum, May 2011. Thomas, Elizabeth. "<mask>gid: Closet Drama." Berkeley Art Museum exhibition brochure.Crow, Kelly. "An Artist Delves Into the Lives of Spies." The Wall Street Journal, 19 September 2009. Rubin, Elizabeth. "<mask>gid." Bidoun #10. Lovink, Geert."Surveillance,

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title: Jill Magid

texts:
 Performance, Self-Surveillance: Interview with <mask>d." Institute of Network Cultures, 29 October 2004. Living people
1973 births
Cornell University College of Architecture, Art, and Planning alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
American women artists
Jewish women artists
Jewish American artists
American multimedia artists
American performance artists
21st-century American Jews
21st-century American


title: Vinny Testaverde

texts:
<mask>. (; born November 13, 1963) is a former American football quarterback who played for 21 seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Miami, where he was an All-American and won the Heisman Trophy in 1986. Testaverde was drafted by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers first overall in the 1987 NFL Draft. After leaving as a free agent, he signed with the Cleveland Browns and was among the personnel transferred to the newly created Baltimore Ravens during a controversial relocation of the team. He then joined the New York Jets, where he achieved his greatest success. In the last four seasons of his career, he played with the Dallas Cowboys, the Jets for a second time, the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers for one year each. Testaverde's professional career was principally characterized by its longevity, lasting 21 seasons, playing with seven different teams.Despite being in the top 10 upon retirement in most career passing statistics (6th in career passing yardage, 7th in career touchdown passes, 6th in career completions), his 123 losses as a starting quarterback is an NFL record, and his career regular-season winning percentage of 42.3% is the lowest of any quarterback with at least 70 wins. He played in five postseason games in his NFL career with a record of 2–3. Testaverde had a strong arm but had a tendency to commit turnovers. Early years
Testaverde was born in Brooklyn, New York. While living in Elmont, New York, on Long Island, Testaverde went to school at Sewanhaka High School in Floral Park, and graduated in 1981. He then went to Fork Union Military Academy in Fork Union, Virginia for a post-graduate year of college preparatory work. Growing up, he was a fan of the Jets.College career
Testaverde accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Miami, where he played for the Miami Hurricanes football team from 1982 to 1986. He was red-shirted as a freshman, backed up Bernie Kosar for the next two


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 hedges, and claimed himself to be a better quarterback (Upshaw was a retired offensive guard) than Testaverde. While Testaverde significantly reduced his interception total in 1989, he again led the league with 22. His numbers continued to improve, and in the 1992 season, his last with Tampa Bay, he threw for a 57.5% completion rate for 2,554 yards, 14 touchdowns, and 16 interceptions. Cleveland Browns/Baltimore Ravens
Testaverde signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Cleveland Browns in 1993. After spending half a season as a backup to his former Hurricanes teammate Bernie Kosar, he became the starter after Kosar's release by then Browns head coach Bill Belichick.Testaverde spent three seasons in Cleveland, and in 1994 led the team into the playoffs, where they won the AFC wildcard game against New England before being defeated by Pittsburgh. After 1995, he moved with most of the Browns roster, coaches and staff to Baltimore and played two seasons with the newly formed Baltimore Ravens. Testaverde scored the first touchdown in the history of the Ravens on a nine-yard run. He ended the season with over 4,000 yards passing, 33 touchdowns, and 19 interceptions. Testaverde made his first Pro Bowl appearance in 1996 with the Ravens. Said football statistics site Football Outsiders of Testaverde's unlikely 1996 season, "The real reason the Ravens ranked first in rushing [efficiency] was, believe it or not, <mask> Testaverde, who was out of his gourd as a scrambler that season. Ignore the official stats and take out the kneels, and Testaverde had 197 yards on just 23 carries, 8.6 yards per carry.He scrambled seven times on third down with 5-10 yards to go and converted six of those. He scrambled six times on a 1st-and-10 and gained a new first down five times. Testaverde had not rushed for 100 yards since 1992." Testaverde signed a restructured four-year contract with the Ravens ahead of the 1997 season. Ravens owner Art Modell complemented Testaverde on his


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 loyalty to the team and his acceptance of the city of Baltimore. However, Testaverde did not perform as well in 1997 as he had the previous year. He threw 18 touchdowns compared to 15 interceptions, and was replaced by backup Eric Zeier after suffering an injury.Zeier led the Ravens to two consecutive victories and become popular with the fans. After trading for Indianapolis Colts quarterback Jim Harbaugh, the Ravens released Testaverde prior to the 1998 season. While Modell and Ravens coach Ted Marchibroda complimented Testaverde and said that he would start elsewhere in the NFL, Testaverde and his agent were dissatisfied with the way that his release was conducted. New York Jets
In 1998, his first season with his hometown New York Jets, Testaverde flourished, completing 61.5% of his passes with 29 touchdowns, seven interceptions, and a 101.6 quarterback rating, making the Pro Bowl for the second time. In a December game against the Seattle Seahawks, Testaverde was involved in a play that was cited as an impetus for the NFL's adoption of a new instant replay review system the next season. With the Jets trailing 31-26 and twenty seconds left in the game, Testaverde attempted to score on a quarterback sneak on fourth and goal from the Seattle five-yard line. Testaverde had been tackled and the ball was not across the goal line when this happened, but because Testaverde's helmet had crossed the line the game's head linesman, Earnie Frantz, ruled the play a touchdown.The Jets won the game 32-31 and the loss was said to have cost the Seahawks a playoff berth and coach Dennis Erickson his job. The game's referee, Phil Luckett, drew criticism for the call although he was not the one who made it. In spite of the controversy, <mask>'s 1998 season was arguably his best season in the NFL. With him under center, the Jets won the AFC East for the first time since the merger and earned a first-round bye and a home playoff game. In the AFC Championship Game that year, they


title: Vinny Testaverde

texts:
 lost to the eventual Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos. The Jets had Super Bowl aspirations entering the 1999 season. However, in the first game of that campaign, against the New England Patriots, Testaverde suffered a ruptured Achilles tendon and did not play the rest of the season.In 2000, however, <mask> returned to quarterback the Jets. The highlight of the season was the "Monday Night Miracle" game against the Miami Dolphins on October 23, 2000, selected by fans as the greatest game in Monday Night Football history. In that game, the Jets fell behind 30-7 going into the fourth quarter, but came back to win the game, 40-37 behind five touchdown passes from Testaverde, including one each to Laveranues Coles, Jermaine Wiggins, Jumbo Elliott, and two to Wayne Chrebet. In 2001, <mask> led the Jets back to the playoffs, where they lost in the first round to the Oakland Raiders. In 2002, he was replaced after a 1-3 start by Chad Pennington. He made cameo appearances to take the last snap in both the playoff-clinching game versus the Green Bay Packers and the 41-0 playoff win against the Indianapolis Colts. In 2003, he was assigned to a backup role behind Pennington, although he started the first six games due to Pennington's left wrist injury.Dallas Cowboys
Despite his injuries, <mask>'s performance with the Jets endeared him to head coach Bill Parcells, who retired from coaching in 1999. One year after Parcells was lured out of retirement by Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones, he brought Testaverde to the Cowboys in 2004. Testaverde initially was signed to be a backup and mentor to young Cowboys quarterback Quincy Carter, but after Carter was abruptly cut by the Cowboys for allegedly failing a drug test, Testaverde was given the starting quarterback job. While many questioned his ability to still play in the NFL, the protection schemes and play-calling allowed him to showcase his arm, although with mixed results. He was able to throw for significant yardage, but

masks: Testaverde Testaverde Testaverde


title: Vinny Testaverde

texts:
 (the only other quarterback on New England's roster at the time was Matt Cassel). Testaverde kneeled down for the final play in a victory against the Packers on November 19, 2006. Testaverde threw a touchdown pass to Troy Brown on December 31, 2006, against the Tennessee Titans, giving him at least one touchdown pass for the twentieth straight season, extending his NFL record. The Patriots defeated the Jets, Testaverde's former team, in the first round of the playoffs, and Testaverde took the last couple of snaps to run out the clock. Testaverde wore #14 with the Patriots, the second time the number has been re-issued since Steve Grogan's retirement as P.K.Sam wore it earlier in the decade (since then the number has been used more frequently). On May 29, 2007, <mask> stated his interest in returning to the Patriots for the 2007 NFL season, and on July 13, 2007 confirmed this with Sporting News Radio. He officially signed a 1-year contract for $825,000 on August 18, 2007, but was released on September 1, 2007. Carolina Panthers
With Jake Delhomme out for the 2007 season due to an elbow injury he suffered in a Week 3 victory over the Atlanta Falcons, and David Carr out with a sore back, the Panthers signed Testaverde on October 10, 2007. Testaverde, wearing #16, started his first game with the team on October 14, 2007, against the Arizona Cardinals. In that game he threw a 65-yard touchdown pass to Steve Smith, extending his NFL record to 21 consecutive seasons with a touchdown pass. After leading the Panthers to a 25-10 victory, the 43-year-old became the oldest starting quarterback to win a game in NFL history, and the third-oldest to start one.He has also thrown touchdown passes to 71 different players, a record since broken by Tom Brady. On Sunday, October 28, coach John Fox named Testaverde the starting quarterback against the Indianapolis Colts. In that game, Testaverde led the Panthers in the longest opening drive for a touchdown in franchise history,


title: Vinny Testaverde

texts: consisting of 18 plays and lasting for 11 minutes and one second. Despite winning time of possession in the first half of the game, the Panthers entered the locker room under a 3-point deficit. In the second half, Testaverde left the field with a strained Achilles tendon, and was replaced by former Houston Texans quarterback David Carr. Ultimately, the Panthers lost 31-7. Reports said that Testaverde would be out for at least a week.On November 18, 2007, <mask> and the Panthers played at Lambeau Field against Brett Favre and the Green Bay Packers for their Week 11 matchup. With Testaverde at 44 years of age and Favre at 38 years of age, this was the oldest starting quarterback duo in any game in NFL history. The "Senior Bowl", as it was nicknamed in the media, was won by Favre's Packers 31-17. On December 2, 2007, Testaverde became the second-oldest starting quarterback in NFL history at 44 years and 19 days old. He threw two touchdown passes against the San Francisco 49ers in the Panthers' win, breaking his own record for the oldest starter to win an NFL game. During this game, Testaverde and Dante Rosario became the passer/receiver duo with the largest age gap between them (20 years, 346 days) to connect for a touchdown. Testaverde announced his plans for retirement on December 29, 2007, which would take effect after the final game of the season against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on December 30.Panthers head coach John Fox sent him into the game to take the final kneel-down snap in a game which the Panthers won 31–23 over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, expectantly bringing to an end to the 44-year-old's 21-year NFL career at the same city he was originally drafted. By the start of 2008, he made it official by announcing his retirement from professional football in January. He, therefore, first became eligible for induction into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2013. <mask> has thrown for more yards and more touchdowns in the NFL than any other eligible quarterback

masks:
Testaverde
Legacy Testaverde


title: Ovidie

texts:
<mask> is a French director, actress, producer, journalist, ex porn actress and a writer. First known as a porn actress from 1999 to 2003, she has since directed pornographic films as well as documentaries and has written several books. Overview
Ovidie refused to give her real name to the press. Her parents are liberals from "a good family background" who were teachers in 2003. She was married; her husband left a teaching position at the University of Paris to edit a pornographic magazine. They later divorced, but her job was not a factor in the divorce. Ovidie has denied entering the pornography industry for either sex or money, describing herself as middle class.Her involvement in dance and choreography, and her interest in expression of the human body, played a part in attracting her to the industry. At the time she became a pornographic actress, she described herself as a "very active militant feminist". She first viewed pornography to get a sense of the injustice that was being perpetrated on female industry workers. She found herself surprised when female porn stars, who she once felt sorry for, impressed her with their powerful sexual images. Wanting to attain this same kind of sexual strength, which seemed compatible with feminist ideals, she began acting in pornographic films. She told The Times Magazine "I am interested in these sort of experiences not just because I am perverse, which as you have seen I can be when I want to be. No, it's because not everyone can achieve them."During her active career as pornographic performer, she rarely did anal sex scenes, and she required her partners to use a condom in every role except her first. <mask> was an active porn performer until 2003, when she was featured in the porn/mainstream crossover film All About Anna. She has also been active as a porn director, both during her years as a performer and afterward. After only one year of performing, her first film as a director, Orgie en Noir (2000), was produced

masks: Ovidie Ovidie


title: Simon Perry

texts:
<mask> is a British sculptor and academic, based in Melbourne, Australia. Best known for his large-scale public art works for urban spaces in Australia and overseas, <mask>'s practice incorporates numerous sculptural techniques including casting, carving and fabrication. His works have been created in bronze, concrete, granite, steel, aluminium, wood and stone. <mask>'s commissioned pieces are predominantly site-specific, and often address elements of environment and public space with a gentle humour. Early life and education

From the age of seven <mask> was regularly taken to the British Museum where he developed an interest in Assyrian and Egyptian sculpture; he cites the smoothness, monumental scale and coolness of the stone as having a profound effect on him. Between 1981 and 1984 <mask> studied at the Chelsea College of Art (now Chelsea College of Art and Design) where he receive his Bachelor of Arts with Honours. From 1984 to 1987 he studied to receive his Master of Arts from the Royal Academy, where, in 1987, he won the Royal Academy Gold Medal for Sculpture.In 1987 he also won the prestigious British Prix de Rome for sculpture, a scholarship allowing him to study at the British School in Rome from 1987 to 1989. Career

In 1987 <mask>'s public art commission, Undercurrent, went on display at The Economist Building, London, also in 1987, <mask> held his first solo exhibition at Nicola Jacobs Gallery in London. <mask>'s major public commissions include Threaded Field, Docklands Stadium, Melbourne (1999–2000), On Tap, Caroline Springs, Melbourne (2007), and the much loved Public Purse (1994). He has also produced works in consultation with

masks:
Simon Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry
Perry


title: Simon Perry

texts:
 numerous municipal councils, corporations and architectural firms such as Habel Leonard Stent, Stockland Development, Edgewater, Seasons Apartments, and the RACV. In addition to his work in public spaces, <mask> has shown work in galleries throughout his career, including solo exhibitions at the Nicola Jacobs Gallery, London (1988), The Linden Gallery, Melbourne (1993), The Mechanic's Institute, Melbourne (1998) and the Jenny Port Gallery, Melbourne (2010). He currently lectures in Sculpture at RMIT University School of Art. Major works

<mask> has received many public commissions both in Australia and abroad, and has stated: "I have been working in the public arena for a long time because it has interested me and allowed me to work on a scale and with budgets that would not have been possible in the gallery context."Public Purse
Public Purse (right) is, for Australians at least, one of <mask>'s more recognisable works: located in the Bourke Street Mall, it functions as a unique, distinctive form of seating. The piece was commissioned by the council as part of their Percent For Art program in which one per cent of the council's budget was dedicated to funding public artworks with the goal of integrating art into the public spaces of the city. On the scheme <mask> has said: "It's important to remember the 'per cent for art scheme' model represents a hard won victory and ensures there is a significant program of art in Australia." He also comments on the competition for attention public art faces with regards to advertising: "Art in the public domain, and I am particularly referring to the city, is always competing with a whole range of things for

masks: Perry Perry Perry Perry


title: Simon Perry

texts:
 our attention." Thus, the name Public Purse, is a reference to its commission from the Percent For Art Program, and is also a comment on the retail and department stores that populate the site. Threaded Field

Threaded Field (left) is a large-scale integrated sculptural installation located on the Northwest stadium concourse at Etihad Stadium, Melbourne. Appearing in a series of thread-like segments, loops, knots and needles, the sculpture works to stitch together the various parts of the stadium exterior and concourse.Inspired by the architecture of the stadium, the sculpture is made of painted and polished steel; it weathers graffiti, and use as a children's climbing apparatus, it also offers unorthodox seating. <mask>, commenting on the "shelf life" of his work, has said: "the materials and processes I use are robust because it allows a work to survive within what can be a very hostile environment and be experienced first-hand by as many people as possible. There is something particular about physically experiencing an art work that can never be communicated through reproduction." Public Address

A scaled-up megaphone made of fibreglass, steel and sound equipment, Public Address functions in much the same way as a hand-held megaphone, except that rather than emitting the sounds of protest rallies it projects the sound of snoring. Public Address, <mask> has said, functions as a reprise to his Public Purse (1994) insofar as megaphones are associated with political demonstration, authoritarian instruction and public oration; symbolically they represent a public object and, moreover, language and communication. The irregular breathing emanating

masks: Perry Perry


title: Simon Perry

texts:
 from Public Address subverts these traditional notions of the megaphone and represents the voice of a public stupor preventing the vocalisation of objections to a world in crisis. The sound of snoring is indicative of the privacy of unconsciousness, but within the urban context, lying discarded in Federation Square, the giant megaphone appears both comical and pathetic informing to the malaise symptomatic of cultural and political fatigue.Indeed, during a large political rally at Federation Square about workplace agreements, <mask>'s megaphone had to be turned off so the snoring didn't disrupt the rally. Ironically, John Howard responded to the demands for workplace agreements by stating that he would not be influenced by megaphone politics. <mask> has observed that "[t]here are advantages and disadvantages to having a voice...if you have a voice you have a responsibility and a risk." In this way, Public Address, while dealing with notions of a public voice, also comments on the contested nature of public spaces. When <mask>, an artist famous for his large-scale public art, elects to deal with anxieties about individuals expressing themselves as part of a collective in a public space he deliberately implicates himself in that confused nexus of being unable to express something terribly important. This self-consciousness and playfulness informs to a dynamic that is consistent with the vein of irony and scepticism that runs through much of his work. See also
List of public art in Brisbane

References

 2003 Architectural Review Australia 083, Andrew Mackenzie, "Threaded Field"
 2003 Melbourne Magazine issue 013 November " Art in Public"
 2004 Angela

masks: Perry Perry Perry


title: Simon Perry

texts:
 Melkisethian, Sculpture Magazine USA, ‘Commissions’ Issue No.9 Volume 23 November 2004 pp 28–29
 2005 The Age, Domain on Line, Video on <mask>'s Urban Art Projects.Produced by Tim Mummery. January 2005
 2005 Jill Vincent, "Shrine to University" The Mathematical Association of Victoria. 2005 Chris McAuliffe, RACV Collection Catalogue, 2005 pp 38–39
 2005 Juliana Engberg – The Unquiet World (Exhibition catalogue essay), Published by The Australian Centre for Contemporary Art. 2005 The Age, Melbourne "No need to shout, we know its art" (Nov)
 2006 Jarrod Rawlins – Art & Australia ‘The Unquiet World’ (review) – Vol 44 No.2 Summer 2006, P. 272 – 277
 2006 Age/Herald Sun/Photo File, Art & Australia) National Radio and TV coverage
 2006 Sally Nolan – ABC Radio National, The Deep End Interview with <mask> discussing his work in the Idea of the Animal Exhibition, October 2006
 2006 Linda Williams – Art &The Idea of the Animal in the Idea of the Animal (catalogue essay), RMIT University Gallery Melbourne, October
 2006
 2006 Leon Van Schaik, ‘Design City Melbourne’ Wiley, UK 2006 pp 81–82
 2007 Sarah Tutton – Art & Australia ‘The Idea of the Animal’ (review) – Vol 44 No.3 Autumn 2007, Pg. 33
 2008 Linda Williams, ‘Heat’ Art and climate change, Exhibition Catalogue essay
 2008 ABC TV, " Degrees of Difficulty", Chris Mcauliffe Sunday Arts episode 32, ‘Heat’ Exhibition. 2010 Katherine Harrington – ‘Sculpture and the Enemies’  interview with <mask>. Issue 3, 2010 P 18-25

Notes

External links
 http://www.jennyportgallery.com.au/artists/sperry.html
 http://www.rmit.edu.au/staff/simonperry

1962 births
Living people
Australian artists
Prix de Rome (Britain)

masks:
Simon Perry
Simon Perry
Simon Perry


title: Gal Costa

texts:
<mask> (born <mask> on 26 September 1945) is a Brazilian singer of popular music. She was a principal figure of the tropicalia music scene in Brazil in the late 1960s and appeared on the acclaimed compilation Tropicália: ou Panis et Circenses (1968). Early life
<mask> was born on 26 September 1945, in the city of Salvador, the capital of the state of Bahia, Brazil. Her mother, <mask> (deceased 1993) spent hours listening to classical music during her pregnancy in hopes that Gal would be interested in music. <mask>'s father, Arnaldo Burgos (deceased 1960), died when Gal was 15 years old and the two would never meet. At the age of 10, Gal befriended sisters, Sandra and Andréia Gadelha, the future spouses of singer-songwriters Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso, respectively. At 14, she first listened to João Gilberto's "Chega de Saudade" on the radio and became interested in Bossa Nova.She then went on to work as a clerk in Salvador's main record store to get closer to music. At 18, she was introduced to Caetano Veloso by Andréa Gadelha, becoming close friends. Career
<mask> debuted her professional career on the night of 22 August 1964 at the concert Nós, por exemplo (We, For Example), where she performed alongside Veloso, Gil, Maria Bethânia and Tom Zé, among others. The concert inaugurated the Vila Velha Theatre in her hometown. During the same year, she also performed in Nova Bossa Velha, Velha Bossa Nova (New Old Wave, Old New Wave), at the same place and with the same singing partners. She then left Salvador to live in the house of her cousin Nívea in Rio de Janeiro, following in the

masks:
Gal Costa
Maria da Graça Costa Penna Burgos
Gal Costa
Mariah Costa Penna
Gal
Costa


title: Gal Costa

texts: footsteps of Bethânia, whose concert Opinião (Opinion) had become a huge hit there. <mask>'s first professional recording happened on Bethânia's debut album, released in 1965.It was the duet "Sol Negro" (Black Sun) written by Bethânia's brother, Caetano Veloso. She then released her first singles through RCA Records, "Eu vim da Bahia", written by Gil, and "Sim, foi você", written by Veloso. The following year <mask> met Gilberto personally and participated in TV Rio's 1st International Music Festival performing "Minha Senhora", written by Gil and Torquato Neto. It failed to captivate the Festival's audience. <mask>'s first album Domingo was released in 1967 through Philips Records. It was also Veloso's debut. <mask> stayed on the label, which later became PolyGram, until 1983.One song released from this album, "Coração Vagabundo", became a huge hit. The same year, <mask> also performed two songs on the 2nd International Music Festival, which was then hosted by Rede Globo. They were "Bom Dia", written by Gil and Nana Caymmi, and "Dadá Maria", written by Renato Teixeira. The latter was performed with Sílvio César at the Festival and with Teixeira on the recording. In 1968, <mask> became a part of the tropicália movement. She recorded four songs on Tropicália: ou Panis et Circenses. They were "Mamãe coragem", written by Veloso and Torquato Neto, "Parque industrial", by Tom Zé, "Enquanto seu lobo não vem", by Veloso, and "Baby", also by Veloso.The latter became <mask>'s first nationwide solo hit, becoming a classic of Brazilian popular music. The same year, she participated in the 3rd

masks: Costa Costa Costa Costa Costa Costa Costa


title: Gal Costa

texts: International Music Festival, performing "Gabriela Mais Bela", written by Roberto and Erasmo Carlos. In November, she participated on Rede Record's 4th Music Festival, performing the song "Divino Maravilhoso", by Gil and Veloso. The song also became a nationwide hit and a classic song of popular music. In 1969, <mask> released her eponymous solo debut album, which included "Baby" and "Divino Maravilhoso". The album is considered a Tropicalismo classic, balanced between Brazilian stylizations and North American psychedelic influences. It also featured <mask>'s third and fourth solo hits, Jorge Ben Jor's "Que pena (Ele já não gosta mais de mim)" and Veloso's "Não identificado", respectively.In the same year, she recorded her second solo album, titled Gal, and featuring the hits "Meu nome é Gal", by Roberto and Erasmo Carlos, and "Cinema Olympia", by Veloso. The album served as the basis for the repertoire of the concert Gal! Her next album, Legal, was not as far from the mainstream as its predecessor, and a live album the following year again balanced smooth Brazilian sounds with heavy rock. In 1973, the cover of <mask>'s album Índia was censored — it focuses on her red bikini bottom. <mask> has recorded songs composed by a number of Brazil's most popular songwriters such as Tom Jobim, Ben and Erasmo Carlos. In 1982 the single "Festa Do Interior" from the double album Fantasia became her biggest ever hit, going multi-platinum by the end of the year. <mask> appeared in the 1995 film The Mandarin (O Mandarim) as the singer Carmen Miranda.She has recorded songs in Portuguese, Spanish and

masks: Costa Costa Costa Costa Costa


title: Marc Bijl

texts:
<mask> (Leerdam, 7 July 1970) is a Dutch artist who lives and works in Berlin. His works are based upon social issues and their use of symbols and rules. This can result in interventions in the public space, sculptures or installations that undermine or underline this perception of the world. Biography
From 1992 until 1997 <mask> studied at the Royal Academy of Art & Design in 's-Hertogenbosch. In 1996 he studied for a year at Glasgow School of Art. In his early work <mask> reacted to global themes and to popular fascination with symbols of political power, globalization of the economy, religion and nationalism. This resulted in interventions in public space, videos, sculptures and installations that underscored or undermined world views.Bijl endeavours to expose superficialities and myths via his work. Bijl switches in his work between political activity and street culture as he does between the media of image, text and music. He exposes the superficialities, icons and myths of popular culture in his work to stimulate the spectator to contemplate about moral and ethical issues. The symbol, the logo and the label are his potential targets and his artistic tools. He likes to upset, relocate and re-connote their superficial image and their mythmaking – always aiming at a critical analysis of the social conditions of the society. Bijl employs visual elements borrowed from punk and Gothic subcultures and from anarchism. His early works are representational, cartoon-like and often textual.His recent work is more abstract and minimalistic, exemplifying a shift in approach, by which he pares down different perspectives and methodologies to a new essence. The crux is no longer the 'symbolism' but what that symbolism represents and signifies. In these most recent works Bijl makes clear references to modernist art-historical icons such as Mark Rothko, Mondriaan, De Stijl (Rietveld chair) and more subtle references to Jannis Kounellis and Joseph Beuys. Bijl adapts these classical works to his own corporate

masks:
Marc Bijl
Marc Bijl
Marc Bijl


title: Marc Bijl

texts:
 777, Upstream Gallery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands&
Bite The Beef, Kunstverein Artitude, Berlin, Germany
2009
ArtBaselMiami under auspicien of The Breeder Athens, Miami, USA
The simple complexity of it all, Kunsthalle Fridericianum, Kassel, Germany curated by
Rein Wolfs
Towards our new construction, Rental Gallery with The Breeder, Cologne, Germany
Arrested Development, DA2 Salamanca, Spain (cat.) 2008
New sites for personal structures, Upstream Gallery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2006
Indy Structures, The Breeder, Athens, Greece (Cat.) Afterhours, Cosmic Gallery, Paris, France
2005
Afterhours, curated by Roel Arkesteijn, Gem Museum, The Hague, The Netherlands (cat.) Get the balance right, Upstream gallery, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
2004
A passion play, curated by Anouk van Heesch, Museum Valkhof, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Chesed / Dien, The Breeder, Athens, Greece
In times like these, Grafisch Atelier, Utrecht, The Netherlands
Marc Bijl, Giorgio De Chirico Art Center, Volos, Greece
The nation had been flirting with forms of götterdämmerung, with extremes of vocabulary and behavior and an appetite for violent resolutions, Casco, Utrecht, The Netherlands
The world won’t listen, Bergman Designstore/gallery Frankfurt, Germany curated by Nicolaus Schafhausen
Black Planet, Magazin 4, Bregenz, Austria curated by Judith Reichart

References

Further reading
 Paco Barragàn, Marc Bijl.In case you didn't feel like showing up. Rotterdam: NAI Publishers, 2009. <mask>jl Afterhours. The Hague: GEM, Museum of Contemporary Art, 2005. <mask>jl Flash Art / "Forever" Statement. Berlin: <mask>jl and Kunstlerhaus Bethanien, 2002. External links
Studio Marc Bijl
Upstream Gallery representing <mask>jl
<mask>jl on Artmap.com
Galeries.nl
 Videowork of <mask>jl
 Exhibition in Kunsthalle Fridericianum Kassel (2009
 website <mask>'s Rotterdam gothic band Götterdämmerung

1970 births
Living people
Graffiti and unauthorised signage
Dutch performance artists
Dutch contemporary artists
Dutch installation artists
People

masks:
Marc Bi
Marc Bi
Marc Bi
Marc Bi
Marc Bi
Marc Bi
Mark Bijl


title: Ellen Klages

texts:
<mask> (, ; born 1954) is an American science, science fiction and historical fiction writer who lives in San Francisco. Her novelette "Basement Magic" won the 2005 Nebula Award for Best Novelette. She had previously been nominated for Hugo, Nebula, and Campbell awards. Her first (non-genre) novel, The Green Glass Sea, was published by Viking Children's Books in 2006. It won the 2007 Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction. Portable Childhoods, a collection of her short fiction published by Tachyon Publications, was named a 2008 World Fantasy Award Finalist. White Sands, Red Menace, the sequel to The Green Glass Sea, was published in Fall 2008.In 2010 her short story "Singing on a Star" was nominated for a World Fantasy Award. In 2018 her novella Passing Strange was nominated for the Mythopoeic Fantasy Award for Adult Literature. Biography
<mask> <mask> was born in Columbus, Ohio on July 9, 1954, and now lives in San Francisco. She holds a degree in philosophy from the University of Michigan. In 1992, she began working at the San Francisco Exploratorium, where she was selected to co-author a children's science activity book with science fiction author Pat Murphy. Murphy encouraged Klages to write her own stories as well. Her first novelette, "Time Gypsy", was published in 1999 and was a finalist for the Nebula Award and Hugo Award.She was also nominated for the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer in 2000. Besides her writing, she also graduated from the Second City Conservatory, the Clarion South Workshop, and has served on the Motherboard of the James Tiptree Jr. Award for twenty years.

masks:
Ellen Klages
Ellen Janeway
Klages


title: Ellen Klages

texts:
 Klages is also known for doing stand-up comedy and other performances as an auctioneer annually at WisCon. The WisCon Tiptree Auction is a fundraiser for the James Tiptree, Jr. Award; Klages also serves on the Board for the award. "At past Tiptree auctions, auctioneer/comedian <mask>s has auctioned off her own hair, Mary Doria Russell's brassiere, a hand-knitted uterus, a kangaroo-scrotum purse, a cherry pie, and a Xena lawn butt." <mask> was a Guest of Honor at Wiscon 33. (World Fantasy Award Nominee for Best Short Story 2010)
 "A Practical Girl", Eclipse Three: New Science Fiction and Fantasy, edited by Jonathan Strahan (Night Shade Books, Oct 2009)
 "Goodnight Moons", Life on Mars: Tales from the New Frontier, ed.Jonathan Strahan (Viking, April 2011); The Best Science Fiction and Fantasy of the Year Volume Six, ed. Jonathan Strahan (Night Shade Books, Mar 2012)
 "The Education of a Witch", Under My Hat: Tales from the Cauldron, ed. Jonathan Strahan (Random House, Aug 2012)
 "Amicae Aeternum", Reach for Infinity, ed. Jonathan Strahan (2014)

Historical fiction
 The Green Glass Sea (Viking Children's Books, 2006). (Winner Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction 2007)
White Sands, Red Menace (Viking Children's Books, 2008)
 Out of Left Field (Viking Children's Books, 2018)

Non-fiction
 Harbin Hot Springs: Healing Waters, Sacred Land (HS Publishing, Inc., 1991)
 The Science Explorer: The Best Family Activities and Experiments from the World's Favorite Hands-On Science Museum, with Pat Murphy, Linda Shore (Henry Holt & Co., 1996)
 The Science Explorer Out and About: Fantastic Science

masks:
Ellen Klage
Klages


title: Robby Thompson

texts:
<mask> (born May 10, 1962) is an American former professional baseball player and coach. He played his entire career in Major League Baseball (1986–1996) as the second baseman for the San Francisco Giants. During the Giants' resurgence in the late 1980s, he was known as a team leader who played the game with a gritty determination. <mask> most recently served as the bench coach for the Seattle Mariners, for the 2011 through 2013 seasons. Early life
<mask> was born in West Palm Beach, Florida. He attended Forest Hill Community High School in West Palm Beach, where he played high school baseball for the Forest Hill Falcons. <mask> received an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in 1983 where he played for coach Jack Rhine's Florida Gators baseball team.He was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the first round of the 1983 Major League Baseball draft, and decided to forgo his remaining NCAA eligibility. In 1985, while playing for the Shreveport Captains in the Texas League, he posted a .261 batting average along with 9 home runs and was named to the league All-Star team. MLB playing career
<mask> made his major league debut with the Giants on April 8, 1986, at the age of 24. In June, he became the first player in major league history to be caught stealing four times in one game (three occurred during attempted hit and run plays). Despite his rocky start, <mask> ended the season with a .271 batting average as the Giants leadoff hitter and provided steady defense. He won the Sporting News Rookie of the Year Award and finished second to Todd Worrell in the 1986 National League Rookie of the Year Award. <mask> had surgery at the end of the season to have cartilage removed from his right knee.<mask> continued to perform well defensively in 1987, teaming up

masks:
Robert Randall Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson


title: Robby Thompson

texts: with Giants shortstop José Uribe to form one of the best double play combinations in baseball, and helped the Giants lead the major leagues with 183 double plays. The Giants clinched the National League Western Division title by six games over the Cincinnati Reds. In the 1987 National League Championship Series, <mask> played in pain with a bulging disc but still played well defensively helping the Giants set a playoff record with 10 double plays. He also hit 1 home run and had 2 runs batted in as the Giants were defeated by the St. Louis Cardinals in a seven-game series. In 1988, <mask> was hitting above .300 at mid-season to earn a spot as a reserve on the 1988 National League All-Star team. Unfortunately, he was once again plagued by an injury and had to miss the game due to a pinched nerve in his leg. Brett Butler took over as the Giants leadoff hitter and <mask>, as the new number two hitter in the batting order, struggled to make contact, striking out 111 times and ending the year with a .264 average.In 1989, <mask>'s batting average dropped to .241. However, he led the National League with 11 triples and scored a career-high 91 runs while hitting ahead of Will Clark and Kevin Mitchell in the batting order. The Giants once again won the Western Division crown and faced the Chicago Cubs in the 1989 National League Championship Series. <mask> hit 2 home runs in the series including a game-winning two-run home run in Game 3 as the Giants went on to win the series in five games. <mask> was held to only one hit in the 1989 World Series against the Oakland Athletics as the Giants were swept in four straight games. <mask>'s best year statistically was in 1993 when he was hitting for a .325 average at mid-season to earn his second All-Star selection; however, a leg injury would

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson