title: Wearside Jack

texts:
 7 but remember Preston '75.get about you know. You were right I travel a bit. You probably look for me in Sunderland, don't bother, I am not daft, just posted letter there on one of my trips. Not a bad place compared with Chapeltown and Manningham and other places. Warn whores to keep off streets cause I feel it coming on again. Sorry about young lassie. Yours respectfully

<mask> Ripper

Might write again later I not sure last one really deserved it.Whores getting younger each time. Old slut next time I hope. Huddersfield never again, too small close call last one. "Preston '75" was a reference to the murder of Joan Harrison. The Yorkshire Ripper was believed at the time to have killed her, but the supposed connection was wrongly thought not to be in the public domain leading the hoaxer's claim to gain undeserved credibility. Sutcliffe denied any knowledge and was not charged for this crime. It remained unsolved until 2011, when DNA evidence from the crime scene was matched to those of a deceased man named Christopher Smith (died 2008) who had been convicted of other offences, including attempted rape and manslaughter.The "Wearside Jack" tape
On 17 June 1979, Humble sent a cassette to Assistant Chief Constable Oldfield, where he introduced himself only under the name "<mask>per murders to that point. The recording on a cassette tape ended with a segment from the 1978 single "Thank You for Being a Friend" by Andrew Gold. George Oldfield and other senior officers were informed by the FBI that the creator of the tape was a blatant hoaxer. The US profiling expert Robert Ressler indicated, in his co-written book, Whoever Fights Monsters, that he

masks:
Jack the
Jackip


title: Wearside Jack

type: original

texts:
 call to Northumbria Police on 14 September 1979, was 12 days after Barbara Leach was killed, the first of Sutcliffe's victims to be murdered after Humble's hoax influenced the police investigation.The call, which was brief, was recorded, but hundreds of hoax calls were received by the police. It also became known that his neighbours had been interviewed by police searching for Wearside <mask>, but he had not. Humble was then living a mile from Castletown, where the Yorkshire Ripper was mistakenly thought to be living because of Humble's tape. Trial and conviction
Humble was remanded on 20 October 2005. He was tried at Leeds Crown Court on 9 January 2006 and initially pleaded not guilty. He admitted to being Wearside <mask> on 23 February 2006, and on 20 March 2006, changed his plea to guilty on four counts of perverting the course of justice. The prosecution said Humble did not contact the police to acknowledge his direct responsibility, even when it was obvious his tapes and letters were diverting police resources away from the real Ripper.His defence counsel said in court that Humble had attempted suicide in November 1979 by jumping off the  bridge spanning the River Wear and on other occasions. Instead of dying, he landed on a boat and was rescued by the police, spending three months in hospital as a result of his injuries and undergoing psychiatric treatment. The defence said he had lived an "inadequate life", and had been driven by guilt to alcoholism. On 21 March 2006, Humble was sentenced to eight years in prison. In July 2006, he launched an appeal against his sentence, which was rejected in October of the same year. Release and

masks: Jack Jack


title: Wearside Jack

texts:
 death
Humble was released in 2009 after serving four years of his sentence. Humble was given a new identity as John Samuel Anderson.On 20 August 2019, it was reported that Northumbria Police had said that Humble had died at his home in South Shields on 30 July. He died from heart failure and the effects of his alcoholism. I’m <mask>, a novel by Mark Blacklock, also from Sunderland, is a fictionalised account of Humble in his prison cell mocking the ghost of George Oldfield with further letters. References

External links
 Transcripts and images of Humble's letters

1956 births
2019 deaths
1978 crimes in the United Kingdom
1978 hoaxes
1978 in England
20th-century criminals
British people convicted of perverting the course of justice
Crime in Tyne and Wear
English criminals
Hoaxes in England
Impostors
People from Sunderland
Peter


title: Laura Zeng

texts:
<mask> (曽昳晗; <mask>; born October 14, 1999) is a retired American individual rhythmic gymnast. She is a 2020 Tokyo Olympian, 2016 Rio Olympian, 2015 Pan American Games all-around champion and 2014 Youth Olympic all-around bronze medalist. She is also a multi-time medalist in world-cup competitions and the World University Games. At the national level, she is the five-time (2015–19) U.S. national all-around champion and two-time (2013–14) U.S. junior all-around national champion. Personal life
<mask> was born in Hartford, Connecticut, and raised in Libertyville, Illinois, where she attended Libertyville High School. Her parents immigrated from China. After first studying Chinese dance and ballet, Zeng started rhythmic gymnastics at age 7 after her friend told her about it.Her older sister, Yecca <mask> (曾瞱昕) is a fashion designer at Victoria's Secret. Her favorite motto is: "Work hard and work smart". She doesn't seem to have a particularly favorite rhythmic gymnast as a role model. She represented team USA in 2016 Rio Olympics Games as sole individual rhythmic gymnast when she was a high school sophomore. In 2018, <mask> graduated from high school as a National Merit Scholar Finalist and committed to Yale University. She is currently at the North Shore Rhythmic Gymnastics Center for the 2020 Summer Olympics, taking gap years at a local community college. Career

Junior
Zeng appeared in international competitions in 2012, she won the gold in ribbon and silver in all-around at the 2012 Junior Pacific Rim Championships behind Canada's Patricia Bezzoubenko and won bronze in all-around at the 2012 Junior World Cup in Sofia, Bulgaria.In 2013, Zeng competed at the Gymnastik Schmiden International winning gold in all-around, hoop, clubs, ribbon and bronze in ball. She also won bronze medal as one-person team at junior World Cup at Lisbon. She won her first

masks:
Laura Yihan Zeng
Zeng Yi Han
Laura Zeng
Zeng
Laura


title: Laura Zeng

texts:
 junior title at the 2013 US Junior National championships. In 2014, Zeng started her season competing at the 2014 Rhythmic Challenge winning the all-around and the four event finals. She competed at the World Cup series in Lisboa, Pesaro and Minsk, she won numerous bronze and silver medals in the all-around, event finals and team competitions. At the 2014 Junior Pan American Championships, Zeng swept all gold medals (all-around, hoop, ball, clubs, ribbon) and won the United States a spot in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games; Later on, Zeng defended her junior title at the 2014 US Junior National championships, placing 1st (all-around, hoop, ball), 2nd (clubs), 3rd (ribbon). Zeng was selected as the sole representative of United States at the 2014 Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing, China.She placed second in the qualification and went on to take the all-around bronze in the finals with a total score of 56.750, just two hundredths behind Belarus’ Mariya Trubach who took the silver medal. Zeng's medal marks the first rhythmic gymnastics medal for the U.S. at an Olympic or Youth Olympic Games. Senior

2015: Rio Olympic Games Qualification
Moscow Grand Prix: In February 2015, Zeng made her senior and international debut competing at the 2015 Moscow Grand Prix finishing 21st in the all-around. USA Challenge: On March 6–7, <mask> won 2015 Challenge Championship participated only by U.S. national team members. Lisboa World Cup: On March 27–29, <mask> competed at the 2015 Lisboa World Cup finishing 14th in the all-around. Pesaro World Cup: On April 10–12, she placed 11th in all-around among 56 competitors with a score of 68.40 at 2015 Pesaro World Cup in Italy. She also made Ribbon finals.Corbeil-Essonnes Tournament: On May 8–10, she competed at the Corbeil-Essonnes International Rhythmic Gymnastics Tournament and finished 3rd in all-around behind Russians
Arina

masks: Laura Zeng


title: Laura Zeng

texts:
 Averina and Dina Averina, she qualified to 3 event finals and won silver in clubs, bronze in ball and placed 4th in ribbon. USA Nationals: On June 25–27, Zeng won the all-around title as a first year senior in USA Nationals 2015 ahead of Jasmine Kerber. In apparatus finals, she won in Hoop, Clubs, and Ribbon titles. Pan American Games: At the 2015 Pan American Games on July 15–20, Zeng swept the gold in the all-around with a total score of 64.575 points and all the apparatus finals, becoming the second American to win the all-around and all the apparatus finals at the Pan American Games since Mary Sanders in 2003. Zeng was the most decorated athlete for the Pan Am Toronto. Sofia World Cup: On August 14–16, <mask> finished 15th in the all-around at the 2015 Sofia World Cup behind Spanish veteran gymnast Carolina Rodriguez with a score of 68.750. Kazan World Cup: At the 2015 World Cup Final in Kazan, <mask> finished 10th in the all-around and qualified in ball finals finishing in 8th place.Stuttgart World Championships: On September 9–13, Zeng competed in her first World Championships in Stuttgart and ranked 11th in qualifications. Zeng qualified to 1 apparatus final finishing 7th in Clubs ahead of Korean Son Yeon-Jae. In the all-around finals; Zeng finished 8th with a total of 70.416 points, the highest finish for an American rhythmic gymnast, bettering the 10th place from Mary Sanders in the 2003 World Championships. As a result, Zeng qualifies the United States an individual spot in 2016 Rio Olympic Games. 2016: Olympic Games in Rio
Lisboa World Cup: On March 17–20 of the 2016 Olympic season, Zeng competed at the 2016 Lisboa World Cup where she finished 7th in the all-around with a total of 70.150 points and qualified to 3 event finals placing 8th in clubs, hoop and 5th in ball. Pesaro World Cup: On April 1–3, Zeng competed at the 2016 Pesaro World

masks: Zeng Zeng


title: Laura Zeng

texts:
 Cup where she finished 19th in the all-around and qualified to clubs final finishing in 7th place. Minsk World Cup: On May 20–22, Zeng competed at the 2016 Minsk World Cup finishing 7th in the all-around with a total of 70.850 points, she qualified to 3 apparatus finals where she became the first American in history to win a medal in a World Cup series taking 2 bronze medals (hoop: 18.050, ribbon: 18.050) and placed 4th in ball.Besides, this marked only the third time a country from the Americas finished on the podium at the FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup, after Canada in 1990 and Brazil in 2013. USA Nationals: Later on 11-12 of June, Zeng won her second consecutive Nationals all-around title. She was also first in Hoop, Ball, Ribbon and second in Clubs. Kazan World Cup: On July 8–10, <mask> then finished 11th in the all-around at the 2016 Kazan World Cup with a total of 70.900 points, she qualified to 3 apparatus finals in hoop (6th), clubs (5th) and ribbon (5th). Baku World Cup: On July 22–24, culminating the World Cup of the season in 2016 Baku World Cup, <mask> finished 11th in the all-around with a total of 70.350 points behind Azerbeijian's Marina Durunda, Zeng qualified to 3 apparatus finals placing 5th in hoop, clubs and 6th in ribbon. Rio Olympic Games: On August 19–20, Zeng competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She finished 11th in the qualifications behind France's Kseniya Moustafaeva, narrowly missing the Top 10 in the rhythmic gymnastics individual all-around final.Zeng's finish is the best for U.S. rhythmic gymnast since Valerie Zimring tied for 11th at the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles. 2017: New Code in Post-Rio-Olympic-Games
Pesaro World Cup: In 2017 season, Zeng's first international competition after the Rio Olympic Games was at the 2017 Pesaro World Cup, and she finished 4th in all-around


title: Laura Zeng

texts:
 behind Belarus' Katsiaryna Halkina. She qualified all four event finals and earned her third and fourth career bronze medals for hoop and clubs in a World Cup series. She also finished 7th in ball and ribbon. MTM Ljubljana Tournament: She then participated at the MTM Ljubljana International Tournament, Zeng earned 68.150 points and won the all-around gold medal. In event finals, She also took gold in clubs, hoop and ribbon and a bronze medal for ball. Guadalajara World Challenge Cup:On June 2–4, Zeng competed at the 2017 World Challenge Guadalajara Cup finishing 10th in the all-around, she qualified in 2 apparatus finals: placed 6th in ball and 5th in ribbon.USA Nationals: At the 2017 USA Nationals held on June 27 – July 2, Zeng secured her third consecutive senior National all-around title. She scored 68.552 in preliminary all-around and 69.800 in finals. She also won first in Clubs, second in Hoop, Ribbon and third in Ball. World Games: Zeng competed at the quadrennial 2017 World Games which was held in Wrocław, Poland from July 20–30, she qualified in 3 apparatus finals finishing 5th in clubs and 7th in ball and ribbon. Kazan World Challenge Cup: On August 11–13, Zeng competed at the 2017 Kazan World Challenge Cup finishing 11th in the all-around behind Italy's Alexandra Agiurgiuculese. Pesaro World Championships: On Aug 30 - Sep 1 at the 2017 World Championships in Pesaro, Italy, <mask> finished 6th in the all-around besting her own 8th in 2015 Worlds as the best American gymnast record. She also made three apparatus finals where she finished fifth in clubs and ribbon and sixth in ball finals, which also marks the American records for both event finals participation and placement.2018: Continued Code Changes for Open Difficulties
Baku World Cup: On April 27–29 in 2018 season, Zeng competed in Baku World Cup, where she finished 5th in the


title: Laura Zeng

texts: all-around with a score of 64.55 behind Bulgaria's Katrin Taseva. Zeng won a bronze medal in the hoop final, she also qualified in clubs and ball finals; finishing in fifth and eighth separately. USA Nationals: In July 2018, Zeng competed and won USA Nationals AA title, which she has done in four consecutive years. She is the first United States gymnast to accomplish the feat in 40 years since Sue Soffe did it in 1979. She also won Hoop, Clubs and Ribbon titles. World Challenge Cup: In preparation for World Championship, Zeng participated in Minsk World Challenge Cup (8/17-19), and Kazan World Challenge Cup (8/24-26). She finished in all-around 14th and 9th separately with scores of 66.400 and 69.150.Sofia World Championships: On Sept. 10-14 2018 World Championships, Zeng was tenth in all-around qualification with best 3 of 4 routines. In the AA finals, Zeng  finished eighth with a score of 73.250. She didn't make any event finals but was reserves for hoop, ball and clubs. This was third straight world championships when Zeng made top ten in the all-around. Pan American Championships: On Sept. 29-Oct 1, Zeng competed Pan American Championships with teammates Lili Muzuno and Nastasya Generalova. Zeng won AA gold with a score of 71.80 ahead of Mexcico's Marina Malpica. The United States also won team gold to secure full team for 2019 Pan American Games.Zeng also swept four event golds in finals. <mask> graduated in May 2018 from high school and committed to Yale University. She decided to take gap years and take courses at College of Lake County in Illinois while training at her home gym. On December 19, USADA announced Zeng was suspended for six months due to a doping violation detected during a drug test on October 18, 2018. She took a banned substance acetazolamide through a high altitude medicine prescribed to her parent believing it was ibuprofen.


title: Laura Zeng

texts:
 Italy.She won Bronze in all-around with a score of 72.60. She also qualified for 3-event finals in Hoop, Ball and Clubs. She finished fourth in all the event finals. Portimao World Challenge Cup: On Sep 6–9, Zeng competed the world challenge cup in Portugal. She finished sixth in all-around with a score of 78.10 behind Ukrine's Yeva Meleshchuk. She also qualified for 3-event finals in Hoop, Ball and Clubs. She ended up 7th in all with a score of 20.65(Hoop), 20.30(Ball) and 19.80(Clubs).Baku World Championships: On Sep 16–21, <mask> competed her 4th World Championships in Azerbaijan. She finished 13th in qualification all-around with a score of 62.50 behind Belarussia's Anastasiia Salos and three Russian gymnasts, with individual scores of 20.7(Hoop), 20.40(Ball), 21.15(Clubs) and 19.40(Ribbons). She qualified for ribbon finals and resulted in 5th. In the all-around finals, <mask> finished 10th behind Bulgaria's Taseva Katrin with a score of 81.850 (Hoop 21.20, Ball 20.70, Clubs 21.30 and Ribbon 18.65). As a result, Zeng earned one of two spots along with her teammate for the United States for the 2020 Summer Olympics. She also won the prestige Longines Prize for Elegance for the championships. Routine music information

References

External links

 2014 YOG Profile

1999 births
Living people
American rhythmic gymnasts
American sportspeople of Chinese descent
Doping cases in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2015 Pan American Games
Gymnasts at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Universiade medalists in gymnastics
Universiade bronze medalists for the United States
Olympic gymnasts of the United States
Medalists at the 2019 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Gymnasts at the 2020 Summer


title: Georges Poulet

texts:
<mask> (; 29 November 1902 – 31 December 1991) was a Belgian literary critic associated with the Geneva School. Best known for his four-volume work Studies in Human Time, <mask> rejected formalist approaches to literary criticism and advanced the theory that criticism requires the reader to open his or her mind to the consciousness of the author. His work has had a lasting influence on critics such as J. Hillis Miller. Biographical information
<mask> was born in Chênée, now part of Liège, Belgium in 1902. <mask> received his doctorate from the University of Liège in 1927, after which he taught at the University of Edinburgh. In 1952, <mask> became a professor of French Literature at Johns Hopkins University where he also acted as chair of the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures. He later taught at the University of Zurich and the University of Nice.<mask> died in Brussels, Belgium in 1991. His estate is archived in the Swiss Literary Archives in Bern. Although he never taught at the University of Geneva, <mask> was associated with the Geneva School of literary criticism. He worked closely with critics such as Marcel Raymond, Albert Béguin, Jean Rousset, Jean Starobinski, and Jean-Pierre Richard. <mask> was influenced by his fellow Geneva School critics as well as by critics such as Jacques Riviere, Charles du Bos, Wilhelm Dilthey, and Friedrich Gundolf (Miller 305). Lawall (1968) identifies <mask> as "the first critic to develop Raymond’s and Beguin’s concept of experience in literature as a systematic tool of analysis. . . .He shifts their focus from the individual author to the author's generic human experience"(74).A renowned author, <mask> published many works of literary criticism in his lifetime. Among his most

masks:
Georges Poulet
Poulet
Georges Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet


title: Georges Poulet

texts:
 famous books are the four volumes of his masterwork, Studies in Human Time. The first volume, also called Studies in Human Time, was published in France in 1949 and won the Prix Sainte-Beuve in 1950. <mask> was awarded the Grand prix de la Critique littéraire and the French Academy's Prix Durchon in Philosophy for the second volume, 1952’s The Interior Distance. Volume three, Le point de départ, was published in 1964. The final volume, Mesure de l’instant appeared in 1968. In these four volumes, <mask> conducts an exhaustive examination of the work of French authors such as Molière, Proust, Flaubert, and Baudelaire to find the expression of what he calls the cogito, or consciousness, of each writer (Leitch et al.1318). <mask>'s criticism of consciousness
Like other Geneva School critics, <mask> rejects the concept of literary criticism as an objective evaluation of structural or aesthetic values. For critics such as <mask> and Raymond, literature is neither an objective structure of meanings residing in the words of a poem or novel, nor the tissue of self-references of a "message" turned in on itself, nor the unwitting expression of the hidden complexes of a writer's unconscious, nor a revelation of the latent structures of exchange or symbolization which integrate a society. Literature, for them, is the embodiment of a state of mind. (Miller 306-7) Lawall (1968) writes, "[<mask>] is not concerned with technical uniqueness, verbal manipulation of themes, or any aspect of art that may be called 'craftsmanship' (130). Instead, <mask> is interested in what he calls a 'criticism of consciousness.' "

Lawall (1968) describes criticism of consciousness as "a reading that explores the work’s expression of a conscious, perceiving

masks: Poulet Poulet Poulet Poulet Poulet Poulet Poulet


title: Georges Poulet

texts: being."<mask>'s goal is to "[rethink] and [re-create] the author's own expression"(78). It is possible for the reader to recreate the individual experience of the author because that experience is both personal and universal. For <mask>, the critic's job is to "[empty] his mind of its personal qualities so that it may coincide completely with the consciousness expressed in the words of the author" (Miller 307). While reading a book, <mask> is "aware of a rational being, of a consciousness: the consciousness of another, no different from the one I automatically assume in every human being I encounter, except that in this case the consciousness is open to me" (<mask> 54). <mask> calls this consciousness the author's cogito. The cogito is "each person's perception and creation of his own existence" (Lawall 86). In order to fully grasp an author's cogito, it is important to examine all available examples of the author's work.For <mask>, letters, journals, and unpublished manuscripts hold as much information about the author's cogito as published novels or poems (Leitch et al. 1318). He did not believe that these sources should be analyzed as objects, however. Instead, they should be used by the reader to "coexist with the author's developing grasp and formulation of his own existence" (Lawall 112). By examining an author's complete body of work, the critic begins to see patterns of expression not only in the work of one particular author but also across literary periods. In addition to the cogito, <mask> looks for the "point of departure" in an author's body of work. The point of departure is a "structural and organizing principle" around which the author's work is centered and which defines the author's individuality (de Man


title: Georges Poulet

texts:
 82).<mask> asserts that all narratives emerge from a preconceived world in which the author has already determined everything that will happen in the future. This static world is the point of departure for the fictional narrative. If the critic can identify the point of departure, he or she will have a key to the author's cogito. Influence and criticism
By the 1970s, <mask>, and other phenomenological critics, had given way to a new wave of young critics (Leitch et al. 1319). Meltzer (1977) writes, "many critics sense a confidence, or complacency, in <mask>'s work, which they believe results from a deafness on his part to the recent problematization of the literary experience and the language of literature" (viii). Formalist critics disagreed with <mask>'s disregard for objective standards of literary value while structuralist, poststructuralist, and deconstructionist critics rejected the importance <mask> placed on the role of the author and his belief in engaging with the text as a representation of the author's consciousness.<mask>'s books continue to be read and admired. De Man writes, "more than any other, the criticism of <mask> conveys the impression of possessing the complexity and the scope of a genuine work of literature" (80). Although many of his ideas have fallen from critical favour, <mask>'s influence can still be seen in the work of J. Hillis Miller. List of major works
(The date given is for the publication of the English translation. For works not yet published in English, the original French title and date of publication is provided.) Studies in Human Time (1956)
The Interior Distance (1959)
Metamorphoses of the Circle (1961)
Le Point de départ (1964)
Trois essais de mythologie romantique (1966)
Les Chemins

masks:
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Poulet
Georges Poulet
Poulet


title: Georges Poulet

texts:
 actuels de la critique (1967)
Mesure de l’instant (1968)
La Conscience critique (1969)
Who Was Baudelaire? (1969)
Entre moi et moi: Essais critiques sur la conscience de soi (1977)
Proustian Space (1977)
Exploding Poetry: Baudelaire/Rimbaud (1984)
La Pensée indéterminée, vol.1-3 (1985-90)

See also
 Structuralism
 New Criticism

Sources
de Man, Paul. Blindness and Insight: Essays in the rhetoric of contemporary criticism. New York: Oxford, 1971. Lawall, Sarah N. Critics of Consciousness: The existential structures of literature. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1968. Leitch, Vincent B. et al. "<mask>".The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. New York: Norton, 2001. 1317-20. Meltzer, Françoise. Introduction. Exploding Poetry. By <mask>.Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1977. vii-xi. Miller, J. Hillis. "The Geneva School: The Criticism of Marcel Raymond, Albert Béguin, <mask>, Jean Rousset, Jean-Pierre Richard, and Jean Starobinski". The Critical Quarterly VIII, 4 (Winter 1966): 302–321. <mask>, <mask>. "Phenomenology of Reading". New Literary History 1, 1 (October 1969): 53–68.Further reading
Miller, J. Hillis. "Geneva or Paris? The Recent Work of <mask>." University of Toronto Quarterly 39 (1970): 212–228. Miller, J. Hillis. "The Literary Criticism of <mask>." Modern Language Notes LXXVIII (December 1963): 471–488.External links
 Literary estate of <mask> in the archive database HelveticArchives of the Swiss National Library
Publications by and about <mask> in the catalogue Helveticat of the Swiss National Library
The Geneva School of Literary Criticism''

1902 births
1991 deaths
Writers from Liège
Belgian academics
Belgian literary critics
University of Liège alumni
Prix Sainte-Beuve winners
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Johns

masks:
Georges Poulet
Georges Poulet
Georges Poulet
Poulet
Georges
Georges Poulet
Georges Poulet
Georges Poulet
Georges Poulet


title: Simone Zucato

texts:
<mask> (born January 18, 1976 in Socorro, SP, Brazil) is an actress, theater producer, translator and medical doctor. Biography
Daughter of <mask> and <mask>, <mask> was born in Socorro, São Paulo, in 1976. She lived great part of her childhood in Miami, Florida. It was during her years studying that she started showing an interest in acting and began to study drama. <mask> went to elementary, junior high and high schools while she lived in the United States. When she returned to Brazil, her father did not allow her to study drama and asked her to go to medical school. <mask> graduated as a medical doctor in 2003 and started studying drama and arts in Brazil in the same year.After graduating from medical school, <mask> invested in the country's well-known theater schools, such as Teatro Escola Macunaíma, Escola de Atores Wolf Maya and Fundação Armando Alvares Penteado in São Paulo. In Rio de Janeiro she studied at the famous O Tablado, and participated in many courses at CAL. She was also one of eight students invited to form part of the group that attended Bárbara Heliodora's discussions about Shakespeare. Bárbara was one of Brazil's most popular and respected critics and the most important expert on Shakespeare's work in Brazil. <mask> also took classes with Camila Amado, a well known and highly respected actress and acting coach in Rio de Janeiro. Following this experience, <mask> decided to hone her artistic skills in the US, where she studied with Robert Castle, from Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute, Susan Batson, Jandiz Estrada, Nancy Bishop, Michelle

masks:
Simone Zucato
Eurico Zucato
Sonia Regina Pessoa Zucato
Simone
Simone
Simone
Simone
Simone
Simone


title: Simone Zucato

texts:
 Danner and Bernard Hiller. She also attended classes at the HB Studio, in NY.<mask> started working as an actress in 2008. Career

In 2007, she acquired her license to work as an actress in Brazil. She started her career by playing the role of Lilia, the lesbian daughter of a writer and a prejudiced actress, in the play De Corpo Presente, in 2008. In the same year, she played the role of Carol, a drug addict, in the play Inimigos do Vício, directed by Paulo Trevisan. While she was at the theater, <mask> was invited to be part of the cast of the series Casos e Acasos in the episode "A Fuga Arriscada, A Nova Namorada e O Recheio do Bolo" on Globo Television. In the following year, she was invited to play Sonia in Cama de Gato, a soap opera written by Thelma Guedes and Duca Rachid, also on Globo. Also in 2009, <mask> acquired the legal rights of Rabbit Hole, written by David Lindsay-Abaire, to be produced in Brazil.In 2010, <mask> played the role of Pietra, a ballet dancer, on another Globo soap opera, Caras e Bocas, written by Walcyr Carrasco. In the same year, she started the production of the play A Toca do Coelho, title given to Rabbit Hole in Brazil. In 2011, she played the role of Cinira, a bitter art gallery owner, in the soap opera Corações Feridos, written by Iris Abravanel. After that, <mask> was invited to play the role of Aurora in the successful As Princesas do Castelo Encantado. Written by Ronaldo Ciambroni, this play took thousands of people, mostly children, to the theater in 2011 and 2012. In the same years (2011 and 2012), she gave life to Trair e

masks: Simone Simone Simone Simone Simone


title: Simone Zucato

texts: Coçar É Só Começar's possessive and controlling Vera, written by Marcos Caruso. The play, a huge success in Brazil, has been in theaters for more than thirty years and was considered "a gift from the theater gods" by the actress.Also in 2011, <mask> was invited to play the jealous Laura, in Na Boca do Leão, title given to Love, Lies and the IRS written by Jane Milmore and Billy Van Zandt's play in Brazil. And in the same year, she also played Maria, in the play Papai Noel Existe, written by Ronaldo Ciambroni. Her passion and dedication for the theater allowed her to play four plays in a same week, over a period of months, throughout 2011. Nowadays, <mask> is seen not only on stage, but also as an active participant of the theatrical universe's backstage. In 2013, she finally stepped on the stage, in her own production, in the role of Izzy, the funny and irresponsible sister of Becca, played by Maria Fernanda Cândido. The play starred in Teatro FAAP, in São Paulo, on September 23, 2013, and after a very successful season in São Paulo and in Rio de Janeiro in 2014, she travelled with it through thirteen Brazilian cities in 2014, coming back to São Paulo's stages for another two months season in 2015. <mask> also cast actor Reynaldo Gianecchini for the role of Howie.The play took over 120,000 people to the theaters throughout Brazil. In 2015, <mask> was invited to form part of the cast for Malhação, a soap opera, written by Rosane Svartman, on Globo Television. <mask> will also act in and produce Falling, written by Deanna Jent. The play was on the Broadway circuit in

masks:
Simone
Simone Zucato
Simone
Zucato
Simone


title: Simone Zucato

texts:
 2012, and it had its debut in Brazil in 2018. She is also the owner of the rights of the play Sylvia, written by A. R. Gurney, which she is already pre-producing and intends to star in 2019, in the same role played by Sarah Jessica Parker in the Broadway production 1995 and by Annaleigh Ashford in 2015. Her last job on television was the Brazilian soap opera "O Sétimo Guardião", in 2018. <mask> was invited to play "Liliane" by the author Aguinaldo Silva, and it was her first acting role in prime time at the Brazilian television channel, Rede Globo.Television

Theater

References

External links
Reynaldo Gianecchini e outros famosos participam de coletiva Ego.com
Peça com globais mostra a relação de casal jovem após a perda do filho Folha de S.Paulo
Reynaldo Gianecchini e Maria Fernanda Cândido estreiam peça de teatro O Fuxico
Gianecchini faz casal com Maria Fernanda Cândido em A Toca do Coelho, do novo Tennessee Williams Blogue do portal R7
Espetáculo 'A Toca do Coelho' discute as angustiantes faces do luto O Estado de S. Paulo
Reynaldo Gianecchini confere estreia em SP Portal do Leão Lobo

21st-century Brazilian actresses
Brazilian theatre directors
1976 births
Living


title: Johnny Abarrientos

texts:
<mask> (born July 17, 1970) is a Filipino retired professional basketball player in the Philippine Basketball Association. He was also a many-time member of the Philippine National team, and was the 1996 PBA Most Valuable Player, becoming the shortest player to win the league's highest individual award. He is known by many as The Flying A when he started playing for the Alaska Milkmen in 1993. He is currently an assistant coach for the Magnolia Hotshots and the Head Coach for the FEU Tamaraws. Amateur career
<mask> began his basketball career in the University Athletic Association of the Philippines for the Far Eastern University Tamaraws alongside future pro Victor Pablo and led the Tamaraws to two UAAP crowns in 1991 and 1992. His jersey #14 was retired by FEU on July 6, 2011. He also played in the Philippine Basketball League for the Crispa Redmanizers and Triple-V before jumping ship to the PBA.Professional career

Alaska Aces
Alaska selected <mask> 3rd overall in the 1993 PBA Draft and showed impressive performances in his rookie season. In his second season, he was included in the RP National team bound for the 1994 Asian Games held in Hiroshima, Japan. From 1994-1998, <mask> led Alaska to eight PBA titles, including the grand slam winning 1996 season. He was named as the Most Valuable Player during the same season and the Best Player of the Conference in the Commissioner's Cup. In 1997, talks of <mask>' potential participation in the NBA came, when Charlotte Hornets scout Joe Bettancourt offered <mask> a contract to participate in the Hornets' pre-season camp. <mask>, though, declined the offer to concentrate on his pro

masks:
Johnny Abarrientos
Abarrientos
Abarrientos
Abarrientos
Abarrientos
Abarrientos
Abarrientos


title: Johnny Abarrientos

texts:
 career in the PBA. In 1997 <mask> average a career high 16.7 Points and a league leading 8.6 assists per game.In 1998, <mask> was included in the Philippine Centennial Team, coached by his Alaska mentor Tim Cone. With him, Alvin Patrimonio and fellow Alaska teammates Kenneth Duremdes, Bong Hawkins and Jojo Lastimosa, the Nationals took home the bronze medal in the Bangkok Asian Games. Two years later, <mask> was named in the PBA's 25 Greatest Players of All-Time as part of the league's anniversary on April 9, 2000. During the same year, <mask>' career started to diminish despite the Aces winning the All-Filipino crown. After the season, <mask> and Poch Juinio were swapped to the Pop Cola Panthers for Ali Peek and Jon Ordonio. Pop Cola Panthers

<mask> put on a decent performance in his only season with the Panthers in 2001. With Rudy Hatfield and former Alaska teammates Lastimosa and Juinio around, they led Pop Cola to a third-place finish in the All-Filipino Cup.After the year, Pop Cola was bought by the San Miguel Corporation and was renamed as the Coca-Cola Tigers. Coca-Cola Tigers
Prior to joining the Tigers in 2002, <mask> was part of the RP Training Pool for the Busan Asian Games but was later cut. He returned later to lead Coca-Cola to a third-place finish in the Governor's Cup. In the All-Filipino, <mask> led his team to the finals against Alaska. After he scored 20 points in the first half of Game 1, <mask> left the game with an injury and was sidelined for the rest of the series. The Tigers went on to win the crown 3-1 over his former team. In 2003, <mask> and his team led the Tigers to the 2003 Reinforced Conference

masks: Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos


title: Johnny Abarrientos

texts:
 title.By the 2004-2005 season, injuries and decline have hampered Abarrientos and saw his minutes diminished. In the 2005-2006 season, <mask> shared point guard duties with fellow FEU alumni, rookie Dennis Miranda and Dale Singson. Barangay Ginebra Kings
Two weeks before the start of the PBA season, the Coca-Cola Tigers released Abarrientos. Rumors persisted that his former team Alaska and Ginebra were interested in acquiring him. Five days after his release, <mask> was signed by Coke's sister team Ginebra to a contract for the 2006-07 season after none of the non-SMC teams showed interest in signing the former 1996 MVP. He played reserve role to lead point guard and 2009 Most Valuable Player Jayjay Helterbrand, as his court generalship gave additional factor in the Kings' line-up. The Flying A made a memorable moment when he surpassed Ramon Fernandez as the all-time leader in steals on February 5, 2007 as Ginebra defeated the Talk 'N Text Phone Pals and won their semis matchup, 4-2.Ginebra would go on to win the 2006-07 Philippine Cup against San Miguel, 4-2, with <mask> hitting a three-pointer in a crucial stretch of the final game. Afterwards, <mask> went into semi-retirement, serving in the coaching staff of Ginebra. Before the 2009-2010 PBA season started, he announced his retirement, ending his very successful 16 years in the PBA. But, during the KFC Philippine Cup 2009-10 of the PBA, when Celino Cruz, Jayjay Helterbrand and Mark Caguioa got injured, Head Coach Jong Uichico brought back Abarientos to the active roster as point guard. Retirement and coaching

After <mask> was elevated as assistant coach of the Barangay Ginebra

masks: Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos Abarrientos


title: Johnny Abarrientos

texts:
 Kings, he was invited by Alaska management for the Alaska 25th Anniversary Reunion as a result of their triumphant title conquest in the 2010 PBA Fiesta Conference against the San Miguel Beermen. In that occasion, Alaska management decided to retire his #14 jersey because of his valuable contributions to the team including his 1996 Grand Slam conquest and his MVP award during that same year. The 1996 PBA MVP had spent the last few years as part of the coaching staff of Ginebra.For the 37th season of the PBA, <mask> joins the B-Meg team as assistant coach, together with former teammate Jeffrey Cariaso, to help Coach Tim Cone install his vaunted triangle offense in the talent-laden B-Meg squad. Accomplishments
 UAAP Champion
 1996 PBA MVP
 12-Time PBA Champion
 Three-Time Member of the RP National Team
 PBA All Time Leaders in Steals (1,302)

References

External links
<mask> Player Profile

1970 births
Living people
Alaska Aces (PBA) draft picks
Alaska Aces (PBA) players
Asian Games bronze medalists for the Philippines
Asian Games medalists in basketball
Barangay Ginebra San Miguel players
Basketball players at the 1994 Asian Games
Basketball players at the 1998 Asian Games
Basketball players from Camarines Sur
FEU Tamaraws men's basketball players
Filipino men's basketball coaches
Filipino men's basketball players
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
Philippine Basketball Association All-Stars
Philippine Basketball Association coaches
Philippine Basketball Association players with retired numbers
Philippines men's national basketball team players
Point guards
Pop Cola Panthers players
Powerade Tigers players
Sportspeople from Naga,

masks:
Abarrientos
Johnny Abarrientos


title: Bill Muckalt

texts:
<mask> (born July 15, 1974) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who is currently the associate head coach at Michigan. He was the head coach and general manager of the Tri-City Storm of the United States Hockey League. Muckalt played in the National Hockey League for the Vancouver Canucks, New York Islanders, Ottawa Senators and Minnesota Wild from 1998 until 2003. In 2016, Muckalt led the Tri-City Storm to its first Clark Cup during his first season as head coach and general manager. Career

Playing career
Muckalt played Junior A in the British Columbia Junior Hockey League (BCJHL) with the Merritt Centennials and briefly with the Kelowna Spartans before joining the American college ranks with the University of Michigan of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association (CCHA) in 1994. While with Merritt, Muckalt delivered a check from behind that rendered the opposing player a quadriplegic. Muckalt played four years for the Michigan Wolverines and was named to the CCHA and NCAA West First All-Star Teams in his senior year in 1998.The school won two NCAA titles while Muckalt was a sophomore in 1996 and a senior in 1998. The 1996 championship team also featured future NHLers Brendan Morrison, Jason Botterill and goalie Marty Turco. Muckalt was selected in the ninth round (221st overall) of the 1994 NHL Entry Draft by his hometown Vancouver Canucks. He played his first NHL game with the Canucks on October 12, 1998, against the Los Angeles Kings, notching his first NHL point as well, an assist. Muckalt scored his first NHL goal on October 20 against the Carolina Hurricanes. He played in 73 games during his rookie season, scoring 16 goals and 36 points. Muckalt was traded to the New York Islanders along with


title: Abby Dernburg

texts:
<mask><mask> is a Professor of Cell and Developmental Biology at the University of California, Berkeley, an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and a Faculty Senior Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Education & early career
<mask> received her Bachelor of Arts in Biochemistry in 1987 from the University of California, Berkeley. There, she spent half a year working in an organic chemistry lab before she joined Dan Koshland's laboratory, studying bacterial chemotaxis, or how cells and organisms move in response to a chemical stimulus. Following graduation, she spent a year working as a research technician in Koshland's lab, where she co-authored a study analyzing the structure of a bacterial sensory receptor. <mask> then entered the Tetrad Program at the University of California, San Francisco for her doctoral work. She received her PhD in 1996 working in the laboratory of John Sedat studying several aspects of chromosomes organization and function. She developed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) methods to study the genetic content of cells and to investigate how chromosomes are organized within cell nuclei.Using these tools she investigated how chromosome organization within the nucleus can affect transcription, and how chromosomes interact to separate from each during the process of meiosis, using the fly Drosophila as a model organism. Specifically, she used (FISH) to monitor the chromosomal position of regions of heterochromatin—a tightly packed region of DNA associated with non-expressed genes—and of a fly gene called brown, which codes for the red pigment that gives the flies their red eyes; when the brown gene is turned off, flies have brown eyes. Heterochromatic regions of chromosomes tend to associate together in a specific compartment of the nucleus. <mask> found that when a region of heterochromatin was inserted

masks:
Abby F
. Dernburg
Dernburg
Dernburg
Dernburg


title: Abby Dernburg

texts: near the brown gene, the gene would associate with a heterochromatic region of the nucleus and would thus be inactivated, giving flies with this insertion brown eyes. The study demonstrated the effect of chromosomal positioning on gene expression. <mask> also studied the role heterochromatin plays in chromosome segregation during meiosis, finding that the heterochromatic regions of homologous chromosomes remain associated with one another until metaphase I, or the stage at which chromosomes line up along the center of the nucleus prior to the first round of meiotic division. This association ensures that the resulting daughter cells have the appropriate number of chromosomes.She completed her dissertation, called Nuclear Architecture in Drosophila melanogaster, documenting this work in 1996. Her thesis received the Larry Sandler Memorial Award in 1997 from the Genetics Society of America, which recognizes the most outstanding dissertation in the area of Drosophila genetics and biology. For her postdoctoral research, <mask> joined the laboratory of Anne Villeneuve at Stanford University, where she transitioned to working on the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans. There, focused on the process of meiosis, which she continues to study in her own lab. She adapted FISH methods to study the cytology of chromosome pairing in the worm. In 1998, she published a study documenting how meiosis in the worm is distinct from meiosis in many other eukaryotic organisms. In most eukaryotes, double-strand breaks in the DNA are required for pairing and synapsis between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.<mask> found that in Caenorhabditis elegans, double-strand breaks are required for recombination and for chromosome segregation during meiosis, but not for homologous pairing and synapsis. The finding suggested that there may be more diversity in meiotic mechanisms than was

masks: Dernburg Dernburg Dernburg


title: Abby Dernburg

texts:
 previously expected. Research

In 2000, <mask> started up her laboratory at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California, Berkeley to continue investigating chromosome organization and dynamics, focusing on meiosis using the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. Her laboratory has contributed to the community's understanding of how chromosomes find and pair with the appropriate homolog during meiosis, which is essential for proper chromosome segregation and ensuring the appropriate chromosome copy number in daughter cells. Her group has worked to understand how special regions of  chromosomes, known as pairing centers, promote homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis, and segregation in the worm. In 2005, they published a study demonstrating how pairing centers perform two separable functions during meiosis. First, they facilitate pairing through stabilizing an intermediate complex involved in the pairing process.Second, pairing centers promote the formation of a synaptonemal complex, in which a protein polymer acts as a scaffold to hold homologous chromosomes together during recombination. In a related study, her group also uncovered a conserved meiotic checkpoint that acts during meiosis to recognize unpaired/unsynapsed chromosomes. Cells identified as having unsynapsed chromosomes undergo apoptosis, or programmed cell death, to guard against the formation of sex cells with the wrong number of chromosomes. <mask>'s group also discovered that the functions of pairing centers depend on a family of four DNA-binding zinc-finger proteins—called HIM or ZIM proteins—that recognize and bind short, repetitive sequences that are hallmarks of pairing centers. Each him or zim protein recognizes a particular pairing center sequence to help bring homologous chromosomes together. <mask>'s group first uncovered the him-8 gene, which


title: Abby Dernburg

texts:
 encodes a protein responsible for proper meiotic separation of the worm's X chromosome. These proteins facilitate an interaction between the pairing centers and a complex of microtubules and a motor protein called dynein, which allow chromosomes to move along the nuclear envelope until they encounter their partner.<mask> has also moved beyond the nematode worm to begin to study meiotic mechanisms in planarians, which are non-parasitic flatworms, as well as another species of nematode called Pristionchus pacificus to understand how meiotic mechanisms are conserved—or diverge—across species. The Dernburg lab also develops methods for microscopy of living nematodes. Using live cell imaging they discovered that the synaptonemal complex, the special structure that holds together homologous chromosomes and enables them to undergo meiotic recombination, is a liquid crystal. This has led them to propose a mechanism for crossover interference based on a reaction–diffusion mechanism. In 2008, <mask> became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. She also has a joint appointment as a Faculty Senior Scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Awards & Honors

 Larry Sandler Memorial Award, 1997
 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, National Institutes of Health, 2002
 Early Career Life Scientist Award, 2007
 Novitski Prize, Genetics Society of America, 2011
Fellow, American Society for Cell Biology, 2017

References

Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
American women biologists
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Berkeley College of Letters and Science faculty
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory people
University of California, San Francisco alumni
Stanford University postdoctoral scholars
Cell biologists
American geneticists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American

masks: Dernburg Dernburg


title: Sisnando Davides

texts:
Sisnando (or Sesnando) <mask> (also Davídez, Davídiz, or Davidiz, and sometimes just David; died 25 August 1091) was a Mozarab nobleman and military leader of the Reconquista, born in Tentúgal, near Coimbra. He was a contemporary and acquaintance of El Cid, but his sphere of activity was in Iberia's southwest. Much information can be gleaned about Sisnando's life from the detailed narratives that begin the diplomas issued by his Abbadid-influenced Mozarabic chancery at Coimbra, though the authenticity of these has lately come to be doubted. Service with Seville and León
He was educated in Córdoba by Muslims. He was captured during a raid by Abbad II al-Mu'tadid of Seville and taken into the service of the latter. To the Arabs he was known as Shishnando. He served al-Mu'tadid as an administrator and ambassador, but he left Seville and entered the service of Ferdinand I of León in an identical capacity.In the following years the towns of Galicia from Guimarães down to Coimbra were captured from the Moors, the latter on Sisnando's advice in 1064 or 1069, with Sisnando leading the siege and being granted the countship of the region south of the Douro from Lamego to the sea after his success. He took the title aluazir (vizier) de Coimbra. Sisnando continued in the service of Ferdinand's successor, Alfonso VI. In March 1075 Sisnando was at Oviedo with the king—his first appearance at court—and El Cid for the opening of the Arca Santa. Later that same month he was one of many judges in a case between the bishop of Oviedo and count Vela Ovéquiz concerning the property of the monastery of San Salvador de Tol, though only he and El Cid signed the decision. Later in the year Sisnando was


title: Sisnando Davides

texts:
 faithful consul, lord Sisnando"). Formation of the diocese of Coimbra
The appearance of a second ecclesiastical center on the Mondego River at Coimbra seems to have been a result of the operation of local forces rather than Sisnando's initiative, as an interpolated document of 13 April 1086 suggests.According to a diploma of 1086, when Paternus, Mozarab Bishop of Tortosa, came to Ferdinand I at Santiago de Compostela in 1064 on a mission from Moctadir of Zaragoza, he was approached by Sisnando, who offered him the see of Coimbra. Between 1076 and 1080, while he was at Zaragoza, Sisnando is said to have finally convinced Paterno to come west and take up the see of Coimbra. But the document of 1 March 1088 on which this claim is made is not trustworthy and the notion that the king sent Sisnando to Zaragoza for just such a purpose as recruiting a bishop is false. A Paternus was bishop of Coimbra as early as 20 November 1078. He is last mentioned as bishop on 1 March 1088 and never appears as a confirmant of a royal document. Apparently part of the royal agenda for the Council of Husillos of 1088 was the enhancing of royal control over Coimbra and its environs. The sole preserved document of the council was confirmed by a Martim, bishop-elect of Coimbra.Later in the same year a private document of Coimbra cited him, although still just as bishop-elect. Pierre David identified him as prior of the cathedral chapter of Coimbra and as the protégé of Sisnando <mask>, who opposed the substitution of the Mozarabic rite (also known as Visigothic or Hispanic rite) for the Roman rite. But if Sisnando had proposed him and Alfonso had accepted him it is difficult to see why he was never


title: Thomas Rugge

texts:
<mask> was a diarist and later compiler of 'Mercurius Politicus Redivivus'. The "Diurnall" of <mask>, which is preserved in the British Museum, corroborates Pepys in many ways.MERCURIUS POLITICUS REDIVIVUS

or, A Collection of the most materiall occurrances and transactions

in Public Affairs since Anno Dni, 1659, untill

28 March 1672,

serving as an annuall diurnall for future satisfaction and

information,

BY THOMAS RUGGE. Est natura hominum novitatis avida.—Plinius.<mask>'s Diurnall is preserved in the British Library, where it forms Add MSS 10116–10117. It belonged in 1693 to <mask>, second earl of Stamford, and was purchased by the British Museum at Heber's sale in February 1836. It was published as The diurnal of <mask>, 1659-1661 by William Lewis Sachse ed. in 1961. The journal is important, early source for the drinking habits of the English of hot drinks, including a strange, new trend that would later have great cultural impact.According to <mask>'s Diurnall, in London 'Coffee, chocolate and a kind of drink called tee were 'sold in almost every street in 1659'.And theire ware also att this time a Turkish drink to bee sould, almost evry street, called coffee, and another kind of drink called tee, and also a drink called Chacolate, which was a very harty drink.<mask> paid hearth tax for nine hearths when he lived in Covent Garden, Middlesex in 1666. He lived in King Street 1651–c.1663. «<mask> was descended from an

masks:
Thomas Rugge
Thomas Rugge
Thomas Rugge
Thomas Grey
Thomas Rugg
Thomas Rugge
Thomas Rugge
Thomas Rugge


title: Thomas Rugge

texts:
 ancient Norfolk family, and two of his ancestors are described as Aldermen of Norwich. His death has been ascertained to have occurred about 1672; and in the Diary for the preceding year he complains that on account of his declining health, his entries will be but few. Nothing has been traced of his personal circumstances beyond the fact of his having lived for fourteen years in Covent Garden, then a fashionable locality.»

This was the same ancient Norfolk family that <mask>, Bishop of Norwich, belonged to. He may have been the <mask> of St. Paul, Covent Garden whose will was probated on 31 March 1670, though this seemingly predates the end of the journal entries. That would make him the <mask> who was buried on 16 March 1669/70 at St. Paul's, Covent Garden.At St. Paul's, Covent Garden, we find the following baptisms:

 Elizabeth, baptised 26 October 1653, daughter to <mask> and Elizabeth Rugg, born on 26 October, the first entry of The registers of St. Paul's church, Convent garden, London
 Ann, baptised 11 December 1654, daughter to <mask> and Elizabeth Rugg, born 11 December 1654, buried 9 May 1657 at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, Anna, daughter of Tho : Rugg
 Mary, baptised on 27 June 1659, daughter to <mask> and Eliza : Rugg, born on 26 June 1659, buried 12 October 1659 at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, Mary, daughter of Tho : Rugg
 John, baptised 16 April 1662, son of <mask> and Elizabeth Rugg, buried 17 October 1673 at St.

masks:
William Rugge
Thomas Rugge
Thomas Rugge
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas


title: Thomas Rugge

texts:
 Paul's, Covent Garden, John, son of <mask>g

At the time of the Commonwealth of England date of birth had to be registered in the parish registers. Half the entries in the journal, which spans more than a decade, are after the death of Mary in late 1659 and before the birth of John in early 1662. ODNB identifies the preceding marriage as that between <mask>ugg and Elizabeth Cox at St. Clement Danes, in the City of Westminster, London, both of Covent Garden. The will of the widow of <mask>ge, <mask> née Cox (d.1695) of Saint Giles in the Fields, Middlesex, England, does not mention any children, but does mention her nephew, John Rugge of Bugden in the County of Huntingdon. This was the John Rugge (d.1720) of the Inner Temple, London and Stirtloe, Buckden, Huntingdonshire, gentleman, who married Elizabeth, the daughter of Sir Robert Wright, Chief Justice of the King's Bench. Their grandson was the Reverend William Rugge, Rector of Buckland (16 May 1740 – 2 November 1786). From his monument in Buckland Church, the coat of arms of the Reverend William Rugge, Rector of Buckland is described as: Arms: Gules a chevron engrailed between three mullets pierced Argent.Of the arms of <mask>, Bishop of Norwich, it is said: <mask>, Esq. of Felmingham, is said to have changed his arms, per fess, sable and argent, and unicorn saliant, counterchanged, armed, mained and unguled or, to that of gules, a chevron engrailed, between three mullets

masks:
Thomas Rug
Thomas R
Thomas Rug
Elizabeth Rugge
William Rugge
William Rugge


title: Thomas Rugge

texts:
 pierced, argent; but Richard de <mask>, who lived in the 2d of Richard III. and the Bishop of Norwich, bore, as it appears, this last coat. <mask>, Rector of Buckland and <mask>, Bishop of Norwich, were of the same family. So also were the Reverend's Rugge relations, amongst them his great-granduncle <mask>ge, the diarist. The Coat of Arms

Arms: Gules a chevron engrailed between three mullets pierced Argent

In heraldry:

Gules is the tincture with the colour red

Chevron engrailed

A star with straight-sided rays is usually called a mullet, and which may or may not be pierced

Argent is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". It is very frequently depicted as white and usually considered interchangeable with it.In engravings and line drawings, regions to be tinctured argent are either left blank, or indicated with the abbreviation ar'''The Rugge coat of arms can be seen on the monument of <mask> (1535–1607), Mayor of Norwich at St. Andrew's Church in Norwich, though the chevron does not appear to be engraileded. Francis Blomefield, Rector of Fersfield in Norfolk, writing some three hundred years prior to this, however, confirms this to be the coat of arms of Rugge in his An Essay Towards A Topographical History of the County of Norfolk: Volume 4, Containing the History of Norwich, Part II. The coat of arms of Rugge quarters, 1st, arg. a chevron ingrailed between six keys sab.

masks:
Rugge
William Rugge
William Rugge
Thomas Rug
Francis Rugge


title: Thomas Rugge

texts:
 2d, arg. a chevron ingrailed sab. between three birds.3d, Brome. There is a crescent for difference. The said quartered coats impale Aldrich, and there is a shield of Aldrich single. Of the other coats of arms the Rugge coat of arms is quartered with, Argent, a chevron, between three birds (martlets), sable, appears to be the coat of arms of Elizabeth Wood, <mask>'s mother. The Reverend Edmund Farrer in his The Church Heraldry of Norfolk : A Description of All Coats of Arms on Brasses, Monuments, Slabs, Hatchments, &c., Now to Be Found in the County writes that at Hoveton St. John can be found coloured shields on the screen, one of which is:Gules, a chevron engrailed between three pierced mullets argent, RuggeThe Rugge family owned property in Hoveton from at least 1533, when <mask>, abbot of St. Bennet's, conveyed the manor of Greengate to <mask>, his brother, alderman of Norwich. Robert still owned the manor of Greengate in 1558, with that of Spicer's, alias Berds, in Hoveton St. John, and St. Peter, Tunsted, Below, and Ashmanagh, the last sold to him also by the late abbot, his brother. The family held property there until at least 1618.External links

 The Diurnall of <mask>, Mercurius Politicus Redivivus'', Camden (Third Series), Volume 91, July 1961, pp. 1–180, at Cambridge University Press

References

English diarists
People from the City of London
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male

masks:
Francis Rugge
William Rugge
Robert Rugge
Thomas Rugge


title: Wu Po-hsiung

texts:
<mask>siung (; born 19 June 1939) is a Taiwanese politician who is a former chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT). He has been the Interior Minister (1984-1988), Mayor of Taipei (1988–1990), Secretary-General to the President (1991–1996), and Chairman of the KMT (2007-2009). <mask> was nominated as Honorary Chairman of the Kuomintang when he was succeeded by Ma Ying-jeou as the Chairman of the Kuomintang. Early life
Born to a Hakka family in Zhongli, Taoyuan in 1939, <mask> received a bachelor's degree in business administration from National Cheng Kung University in 1962. Early political life
He entered politics when he was elected into the Taiwan Provincial Council in the Taoyuan County electoral district from 1968 to 1972. Taoyuan County Magistrate
<mask> become the Magistrate of Taoyuan County from 1973 to 1976. His father <mask>-ling had served in the same position from 1960 to 1964.ROC Interior Ministry
Wu become the Ministry of the Interior twice in 1984-1988 and 1991-1994. ROC citizens permitted to visit China
On 15 October 1987, <mask> announced the lifting of prohibition of ROC citizens to travel to the Mainland Area. Citizens were allowed to do so for family visits. KMT Vice Chairmanship
<mask> was the first vice-chairman of the main opposition Kuomintang party after Kuomintang lost in the 2000 ROC Presidential Election to the Democratic Progressive Party. KMT Chairmanship
After Chairman Ma Ying-jeou resigned on 13 February 2007, he became the acting chairman. <mask>, however, subsequently resigned his post as acting chairman and member of the Central Standing Committee on 14 March 2007 in order to compete in the KMT chairman election scheduled for 7 April 2007. Ma announced

masks:
Wu Po h
Wu
Wu
Wu
Wu Hong
Wu
Wu
Wu


title: Wu Po-hsiung

texts:
 his support for <mask> for chairmanship.<mask> eventually won the party chairmanship election and become KMT Chairman on 11 April 2007. He garnered about 90% of votes cast, defeated KMT Legislator Hung Hsiu-chu. Of all eligible voters, about 53% voted. Cross-strait relations

2005 China visit

In April 2005, <mask> joined Lien Chan and other Pan-Blue officials to visit China. 2009 China visit

In May 2009, <mask> left for China for an 8-day visit. He was accompanied by three KMT Vice Chairmen, Lin Fong-cheng, <mask>-yih (which doubles as KMT Secretary-General) and John Chiang. Wang Yi, Director of Taiwan Affairs Office welcomed the delegations upon arrival in Beijing.Prior to departure, <mask> said that we would not mention the "Republic of China" if the Beijing government did not mention the "People's Republic of China" as well. If Beijing was to refrain from mentioning the One China principle, then he also would not talk about the 1992 consensus. The delegations visited several cities. In Beijing, they visited the Guangdong-Guangxi House, where Sun Yat-sen was elected as Chairman of Kuomintang in 1912. In Hangzhou, they visited the Manao Temple, where a museum of Lian Heng is located. In Nanjing, they visited Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. And in Chongqing, they attended the Taiwan Week celebration organized by Taiwanese businessmen doing business in China.2012 Beijing visit
<mask> lead a delegation from Taiwan to visit Beijing in March 2012 to meet Hu Jintao, the then-General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC); <mask> proposed that cross-strait relations be governed under the framework of "one country, two areas" (一國兩區), in which from the Republic of China's point of

masks:
Wu
Wu
Wu
Wu
Wu Den
Wu
Wu
Wu


title: Wu Po-hsiung

texts:
 view, ROC consists of Taiwan area and the mainland area. Among the delegates are three of Kuomintang vice chairpersons, which are Lin Fong-cheng, John Chiang and Hung Hsiu-chu. Taiwanese branch of Bank of China

On 27 June 2012, <mask> attended the opening ceremony of the first Taiwanese branch of the Bank of China. The ceremony was held in Taipei and <mask> was accompanied by Straits Exchange Foundation Chairman Chiang Pin-kung, Bank of China President Li Lihui and the bank's Taiwan branch General Manager Tsai Rong-jun. 2013 Beijing visit
<mask> visited Beijing on 12–14 June 2013 to meet with Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Communist Party for the first time since Xi took office, accompanied by high ranking KMT officials, such as Chan Chun-po, Hung Hsiu-chu, Huang Min-hui and Su Chi. Accompanying Xi Jinping was Wang Huning, Li Zhanshu, Yang Jiechi and Zhang Zhijun from the CPC. 2013 Yunnan CPC secretary visit
During a meeting between <mask> and visiting Yunnan Communist Party of China secretary, Qin Guangrong, to Taiwan in mid September 2013, <mask> said that Taiwan and Mainland China should put aside political questions and disagreements aside to facilitate bilateral exchanges.He said that by showing patience, setting aside differences and focusing on economic cooperation and cultural exchanges, more common areas such as lifestyle and values would emerge. During the meeting, Qin encouraged Taiwanese businessmen to invest in Yunnan and make use of the province as the gateway to Southeast Asia and South Asia, creating business opportunities. He added that Yunnan welcomes Taiwanese farmers, township wardens, teachers, students, media and religious and business

masks: Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu


title: Wu Po-hsiung

texts:
 representatives. Qin's delegation, which consisted of more than 200 people, participated in several activities while in Taiwan, such as promoting bilateral exchanges in education, culture, technology, tourism and civil aviation. 2013 Nanjing visit
In October 2013, <mask> traveled to Nanjing, Jiangsu to give a speech at the Xianlin Campus of Nanjing University. Personal life
Outside of Taiwanese politics, <mask> is a prominent and practicing Buddhist and plays an active role in the Fo Guang Shan Buddhist Order. Before he ascended to the KMT chairmanship, <mask> served as the second worldwide president of the Buddha's Light International Association.See also

Kuomintang
Politics of the Republic of China
History of the Republic of China
Elections in the Republic of China

References

External links
 Kuomintang Official Website

|-

1939 births
Taiwanese politicians of Hakka descent
Taiwanese people of Hakka descent
People from Yongding District, Longyan
Affiliated Senior High School of National Taiwan Normal University alumni
Taiwanese Buddhists
Mayors of Taipei
Living people
Kuomintang politicians in Taiwan
National Cheng Kung University alumni
Magistrates of Taoyuan County
Chairpersons of the Kuomintang
Recipients of the Order of Brilliant Star
Taiwanese Ministers of the

masks: Wu Wu Wu


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
<mask> FRSE FRS (7 June 1761 – 4 October 1821) was a Scottish civil engineer who designed many bridges, canals, docks and warehouses, and a pioneer in the use of structural cast-iron. Early years

He was born the younger son of <mask>, a farmer near Phantassie, near East Linton, East Lothian, Scotland. <mask> showed a taste for mechanics at a very early age, and was allowed to spend much time in the workshop of Andrew Meikle, a millwright and the inventor of the threshing machine, who lived at Houston Mill on the Phantassie estate. After receiving a normal basic education at the parish school of Prestonkirk Parish Church, he was sent to the burgh school at Dunbar, and in November 1780 he matriculated at the University of Edinburgh, where he remained until 1783. His older brother George remained to assist in the family agricultural business, achieving notability in this arena. Rennie seems to have employed his vacations in working as a millwright, and so to have established a business on his own account. At this early date the originality of his mind was exhibited by the introduction of cast iron pinions instead of wooden trundles.In 1784 he took a journey south for the purpose of enlarging his knowledge, visiting James Watt at Soho, Staffordshire. Watt offered him an engagement, which he accepted. After a short stay at Soho he left for London in 1784 to take charge of the works at the Albion Flour Mills, Blackfriars, for which Boulton & Watt were building a steam-engine. The machinery was all designed by Rennie, a distinguishing feature being the use of iron instead of wood for the shafting and framing. About 1791 he started in business as a mechanical engineer on his own account in Holland Street, Blackfriars, whence he and his successors long conducted engineering operations of vast importance. (In the same year, the Albion Flour Mills

masks:
John Rennie
James Rennie
John


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 were destroyed by arson.) Canals and waterways

In 1791, he moved to London and set up his own engineering business, having by then begun to expand into civil engineering, particularly the construction of canals.His early projects included the Stowmarket Navigation (River Gipping) in 1791, the  Lancaster Canal (started 1792), the Chelmer and Blackwater Navigation (1793), the Crinan Canal (1794–1801), Rudyard Lake (1797) and the Rochdale Canal, which passes through difficult country between Rochdale and Todmorden (1799). The Kennet and Avon Canal – including the Dundas Aqueduct, Caen Hill Locks and Crofton Pumping Station – occupied him between 1794 and 1810. In 1802 he revised the plans for the Royal Canal of Ireland from Dublin to the Shannon near Longford. He also served as advisor to Dublin Corporation's Pipe Water Committee, for which he was presented with the Freedom of the City of Dublin in 1804. For many years he was engaged in extensive drainage operations in the Lincolnshire and Norfolk Fens (1802–1810), and in the improvement of the River Witham. The Eau Brink Cut, a new channel for the River Ouse, was completed just before his death. He was also chief engineer for the canal and major, but abortive lazaret at Chetney Hill, on the River Medway estuary in Kent.Bridges

Over the next few years <mask> also attained a deserved reputation as a builder of bridges, combining stone with new cast-iron techniques to create previously unheard-of low, wide, elliptical arches. Waterloo Bridge, over the River Thames in London (1811–1817), with its nine equal arches and perfectly flat roadway, is thought to have been influenced by Thomas Harrison's design of Skerton Bridge over the River Lune in Lancaster. In Leeds he was commissioned to build two stone bridges, one over the River Aire and a second smaller structure over the Leeds & Liverpool


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 Canal, to the west side of the town centre and upstream from Leeds Bridge. The main instigator of this scheme was mill owner Benjamin Gott, who had properties on both sides of the waterways and wanted an easier route between them. The larger bridge was described in 1934 (Parsons' Directory) as 'a beautiful structure, consisting of an elliptical arch of one hundred feet span'. The bridge, initially known as Waterloo Bridge, was soon renamed Wellington Bridge. <mask>'s later efforts in this line also show that he was a skilful architect, endowed with a keen sense of beauty of design.Waterloo Bridge was considered his masterpiece and was the most prestigious bridge project in England, described as 'perhaps the finest large masonry bridge ever built in this or any other country'. The Italian sculptor Canova called it ‘the noblest bridge in the world’ and said that ‘it is worth going to England solely
to see Rennie's bridge.’ After <mask>'s death, London Bridge was built from his design by his sons <mask> (junior) and <mask>. It replaced the medieval bridge which was proving a serious impediment to the flow of the river. <mask>'s bridge was eventually moved to Arizona. Southwark Bridge (1815–1819) was built as three cast-iron spans over the river. He also designed the Old Vauxhall Bridge. Docks and harbours
Rennie was also responsible for designing and building docks at Hull, Liverpool, Greenock, London (London, East India and West India docks), and Leith and improving the harbours and dockyards at Chatham, Devonport, Portsmouth, Holyhead, Ramsgate, Sheerness, Howth and Dunleary.He devoted much time to the preparation of plans for a government dockyard at Northfleet, but they were not carried out. Dún Laoghaire
Dunleary harbour of 'Asylum' was a very difficult and important project, because it was critical to maintain an effective communication

masks:
Rennie
Rennie
John Rennie
George Rennie
Rennie


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 link between Ireland and London, the seat of government. <mask> was responsible for the construction of Howth Harbour on the North side of Dublin bay a decade earlier. This was originally planned as the landing for the Holyhead packets, but it silted up to such an extent that it became unfit for purpose. An Act of Parliament of 1816 (56 Geo.III. Cap 62) authorised the building of Dunleary harbour. Originally it was intended that only one pier (the East Pier) would be built (3,500 feet long), but when <mask> was appointed directing engineer for the work, he insisted that a single pier would result in sand drifting behind the pier and that a second West Pier (4,950 feet long) would prevent this from occurring.He was correct as the sand has built up behind the west pier. The harbour once built was renamed 'The Royal Harbour of Kingstown' in 1821 on the occasion of the visit of George IV. The material for the harbour is Dalkey Hill granite. The granite was provided by Richard Toucher (a long time campaigner for the new harbour) at no cost to the construction team. The foundations of the piers are 300'-0" wide and 24'-0" below low water level. Many options were considered for the width of the space between the two pier heads. Rennie wrote to the Harbour Commissioners that the opening should be 430'-0" wide with the pier heads turned into the harbour to control swells within the harbour.His demands were never met and the harbour opening was built at 1,066'-0". This was clearly too wide and was subsequently reduced to 760'-0". Custom House Docks and the CHQ Building, Dublin
One of <mask>'s last projects was the construction of the Custom House Docks in Dublin, along with its  locks and warehouses, including the CHQ Building where he pioneered the use of cast-iron in the early 19th century. <mask> was first invited to work on the scheme in 1809 by

masks:
Rennie
John Rennie
John Rennie
Rennie


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 <mask>, the Irish Chancellor of the Exchequer. The first stone of the docks was laid in May 1817; they were formerly opened at the end of August 1821 in front of ‘a most select company of Noblemen, Bishops, Ladies, &c.’  In 1824 the docks were placed on a long-term lease to Harry and <mask>, and their nephew George. Harry and <mask> were the younger brothers of Sir George Scovell, the intelligence officer famed for cracking Bonaparte's secret codes during the Napoleonic Wars. By March 1820, Rennie was seeking 33 tons of structural cast-iron, along with a large quantity of wrought iron, for the purpose of building a "Tobacco Warehouse, with the Spirit Stores under it."The iron was supplied by the Butterley Iron Company from Derbyshire. However, an obituary of Shropshire-born engineer and iron founder William Hazeldine from 1841 claimed that Hazeldine also supplied ‘the Iron Roofs for the Dublin Custom House and Store Houses.’ In 1821, <mask> Macgregor noted: ‘The tobacco stores have been finished on the south side at the expense of £70,000. They are 500 feet long by 160 feet wide. The roof is of cast iron, and the building finished in the most permanent manner.’ In 1821, the Rev. George Newenham Wright, an Anglican clergyman, likewise noted:
To the east of the new basin is the tobacco store (500 feet by 160, and capable of containing 3,000 hogsheads), the plan of which was given by <mask>, Esq. In this store, which is now completed and in use, there is not one particle of wood or other combustible matter. There are nine vaults beneath, which altogether afford perfect and convenient storage for 4,500 pipes of wine, allowing a walk behind the heads of the pipes as well as between them; these vaults are lighted by means of thick lenses set in iron plates in the floor of the tobacco store; but this is not sufficient to supersede the necessity

masks:
John Foster
John Scovell
John
John James
John Rennie


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 Delacherois, probably with the help of <mask>, the distinguished civil engineer who had apparently made earlier more elaborate plans for extending the harbour, and who had just rebuilt Portpatrick harbour. The old quay remained until after the completion of the new harbour, and then, despite its continued favour by local fishermen, was removed for local wall building about 1833 (it appears in the 1832 drawing but not on the first O.S. map of 1834). The foundation stone of the new harbour was laid by the Marquess of Downshire on 1 August 1821.The initial plans and surveys for this ambitious undertaking were made by <mask>. He, however, died within two months of work beginning, and was succeeded by his son, <mask>, who had as his resident engineer a fellow Scot, the seasoned marine builder, David Logan, who had assisted Robert Stevenson at the Bell Rock Lighthouse (1807–1810). The new harbour had to have greater depth to accommodate steam packets. Rock blasted from the sea bed, within the harbour area and further south in what became known as the Quarry Hole at Meetinghouse Point was used to form the outer slopes of the two piers; but the inner faces were built of limestone from the Moelfre quarries of Anglesea. This 'Anglesea marble' lends itself to the finest ashlar dressing and the new piers remain a triumph of stone carving. The flights of steps display special skill in the deep diagonal binding of each solid step, providing a typically robust engineer's response to the wear of seaboots and waves alike. The harbour consists of two independent piers running north westwards out to sea; parallel nearer the shore, they converge at the outer ends to form a harbour mouth 150 feet (46m) wide.At low tide the water in the harbour is fifteen feet deep. Bell Rock Lighthouse and Holyhead Mail Pier Lighthouse

The Bell Rock Lighthouse, near the

masks:
John Smeaton
John Rennie
John


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts: entrance to the Firths of Forth and Tay, was built during 1807 and 1810. <mask> was, by some, credited with the design and execution, but there seems little doubt that he was only nominally responsible for the great undertaking. Robert Stevenson, surveyor to the Commissioners of Northern Lights, drew the original plans and, at his suggestion, the commissioners called <mask> to assist with obtaining parliamentary approval for the project, giving him the title of chief engineer (for which however he was only paid £400). Stevenson did not accept many of the modifications proposed by Rennie, but the two men remained on friendly terms. <mask> visited the lighthouse twice while it was being built. When Stevenson died in 1850, the Commissioners put on record in their minutes that to him was 'due the honour of conceiving and executing the Bell Rock lighthouse'.However, <mask>'s son, Sir <mask>, claimed in a long exchange of letters with Alan Stevenson in 1849 that the advice which Rennie gave Stevenson entitled him to rank the building as one which he "designed and constructed". The Holyhead Mail Pier Light is a conical white house which was built by Rennie in 1821. It is probably the second oldest lighthouse in Wales, after Point of Ayr Lighthouse. The lighthouse is of national significance as one of Rennie's surviving works. Of particular importance, in a Welsh context, is the early date of the lighthouse lantern, which was originally lit by gas. Before the conversion to electricity a gas works was located on the island to power the lighthouse, the piers and even part of Holyhead itself. The works were constructed at a cost of £130,000, an astronomical sum at the time.The tower survives intact and has beautifully curving gallery railings, similar to those at Bardsey Lighthouse. It is no longer in use, although it is used as a navigation reference

masks:
Rennie
Rennie
Rennie
Rennie
John Rennie


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 for sailors. The Howth Harbour Lighthouse is a matching tower in Howth, Ireland, also designed by Rennie, for the other terminal of the Irish packet steamer. Plymouth breakwater

Of all Rennie's works, that which appeals most strongly to the imagination is perhaps the breakwater at Plymouth Sound, consisting of a wall a mile in length across the Sound, in about  of water, and containing 3,670,444 tons of rough stone, besides  of masonry on the surface. It was constructed to provide safe passage for naval vessels entering the river Tamar (Hamoaze) at Devonport. This colossal work was first proposed in a report by Rennie, dated 22 April 1806; an order in council authorising its commencement was issued on 22 June 1811, and the first stone was deposited on 12 August following. The work was completed by his son, Sir <mask>, and by Joseph Whidbey.Technical innovator
<mask> was a man of unbounded resource and originality. During the improvement of Ramsgate harbour he made use of the diving-bell, which he greatly improved. He is generally credited with the invention of a form of steam-dredging machine with a chain of buckets, but in this he seems to have been anticipated by Sir Samuel Bentham. He was certainly the first to use it on an extensive scale, which he did during the construction of the Humber Dock, Hull (1803–09), when he devised a steam dredger to overcome the difficulties of that particular work, and apparently without any knowledge of Bentham's invention. Another expedient was the use of hollow walls, which was suggested by the necessity of providing an extensive bearing surface for the foundations of a wall in loose ground. Walls built upon this plan were largely used by Rennie. Distinguishing characteristics
The distinguishing characteristics of Rennie's work were firmness and solidity, and it has stood the test of time.He was most

masks:
John Rennie
Rennie


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 conscientious in the preparation of his reports and estimates, and he never entered upon an undertaking without making himself fully acquainted with the local surroundings. He was devoted to his profession, and, though he was a man of strong frame and capable of great endurance, his incessant labours shortened his life. He was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh on 28 January 1788, Fellow of the Royal Society on 29 March 1798, and in 1815 he served as a Manager of the newly built London Institution. Family and death
In 1790 he married Martha Ann Mackintosh (d.1806), daughter of E. Mackintosh, and by her had seven children, two of whom, George and <mask>, became notable engineers. His daughter Anna married the architect Charles Cockerell. He died, after a short illness, at his house in Stamford Street, London, on 4 October 1821, and was buried in the crypt at St. Paul's Cathedral. Honours

In 2014 he was inducted into the Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame.The Ruislip Lido Railway, based at Ruislip Lido (one of the dams <mask> built), named one of its locomotives after him. The Bo-Bo type diesel '<mask>nie' was built in 2004 and is one of the main engines of the line. More recently, Lancaster Royal Grammar School Boat Club named one of their boats after him as he built the aqueduct over the river on which they row. List of projects

Lune Aqueduct (1794–97)
Dundas Aqueduct (1797)
Kelso Bridge, of five arches (1800–1804)
Boston bridge, a cast iron arch (1800)
London Docks (1800–05)
East India Docks joint project with Ralph Walker (1803–06)
Humber Dock, Hull, 1803–9, cost £230,000
Greenock Docks (1806)
Musselburgh bridge (1806–1808)
West India Docks (consultant to William Jessop) extension to docks (1809–1821)
Liverpool Docks, two new docks including Prince's, estimated cost £929,878 (1809)
Waterloo Bridge (old), granite of nine

masks:
John
John Rennie
John Ren


title: John Rennie the Elder

texts:
 arches each 120 feet wide (1810–17) cost £1,050,000
New Galloway Ken Bridge, of granite (1811–21) spans the River Ken. Cree Bridge at Newton Stewart (1812–14)
Old Wye Bridge, Chepstow cast iron bridge (design 1812), redesigned and built in 1816 by <mask> Rastrick
Plymouth Breakwater (1812–1841) completed by his son
Southwark Bridge (old) of three cast iron arches (1814) replaced 1920
 Dunleary Asylum Harbour – later Kingstown Harbour- Later Dún Laoghaire Harbour. 1816–1842. Completed by his son.Cost £690,717 against the original estimate of £801,059. Donaghadee & Portpatrick Harbours (1819) estimated cost £145,000
Leeds Bridge cast iron designed (1820), built after his death by the resident engineer G<mask>
Dublin Docks, 'Stack A' bonded warehouse; introduces lightning conductors, gas works and gas lighting (1820)
London Bridge (old), designed 1820, built after his death by his son (1824–31) moved to Lake Havasu City in the USA
Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope Main Building, completed posthumously in 1828
Blackwall Dock
Ruislip Reservoir, Grand Union Canal
Deeping Fen Drainage and pumping engines at Pode Hole (incomplete at his death)
Caen Hill Locks, a flight of locks on the Kennet and Avon Canal, between Rowde and Devizes in Wiltshire, England, comprising 29 locks. See also

Canals of the United Kingdom
History of the British canal system

Bibliography

References

External links

BBC brief biography of <mask>
"Significant Scots: <mask>"
"Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame: <mask>

1761 births
1821 deaths
People from East Linton
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
British bridge engineers
British canal engineers
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society
Kennet and Avon Canal
Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
Millwrights
Scottish civil engineers
Scottish businesspeople
Scottish inventors
Scottish

masks:
John Urpeth
. Leather
John Rennie
John Rennie
John Rennie


title: Rich Balling

texts:
<mask> (also known as R. Loren or <mask>) is an American musician, producer, and curator. He is best known for being a former member of Rx Bandits. He is also known for his work in Pyramids, The Sound of Animals Fighting, and being the editor of two books Revolution on Canvas and its sequel Revolution on Canvas 2. <mask> is currently involved in a number of projects using his first initial and middle name, R. Loren: Pyramids, Sailors With Wax Wings, and White Moth. Career

Rx Bandits
His career started with Rx Bandits, when the band was founded in 1995 and he worked at Drive-Thru Records during the early stages of the label. In 2001, after the tours on the release of their third album "Progress", <mask> left the band, citing frustrations he had with certain aspects of the music industry. Revolution on Canvas
After leaving Rx Bandits, <mask> lectured on music and the music industry as an adjunct faculty member at California State University, Fullerton, and worked as a music buyer for Hot Topic Inc., where his interests moved into anthologizing poetry, essays, and art created by himself and other musicians who he knew while recording and touring with Rx Bandits.He went on to curate and edit the book Revolution on Canvas: Poetry From the Indie Music Scene, which was published by Warner Books (now Grand Central Publishing) in 2005, and received with critical acclaim. In 2007, <mask> went on to publish a sequel to the book, entitled Revolution on Canvas 2: Poetry

masks:
Rich Balling
Rich Loren
Balling
Balling
Balling
Balling


title: Rich Balling

texts:
 From the Indie Music Scene, again through Warner Books. The Sound of Animals Fighting
In 2004, while in the process of publishing the two books, <mask> continued his music career by founding the experimental rock band The Sound of Animals Fighting, and went on to release three albums. In 2005, the band self-released "Tiger and the Duke", which received positive reviews in the media, and was reissued in 2007 by Equal Vision Records with new artwork by Drew Roulette (Dredg), and included bonus remixes curated by <mask> from notable artists such as Portugal The Man, and Evol Intent. The success of the first album led the supergroup to release two more albums. <mask> became heavily influenced by the art of found poetry through his work with the Revolution on Canvas book series. In 2006, Equal Vision Records released the unorthodox "Lover, The Lord Has Left Us..." an album crafted in the found poetry style, whose theme is homage to the band's contemporaries, as evident in its song titles and lyrics, many of which were gathered from the very releases that inspired the experimental tendencies of the band.The album's title was fashioned in the same way, when Balling approached Gared O’Donnell (Planes Mistaken For Stars) to donate a phrase that could be used for the album, and ironically, homage to Gared. The phrase "Lover, The Lord Has Left Us…" is the first lyric in a song that at the time had not been released by Planes Mistaken For Stars, but later appeared on

masks: Balling Balling Balling


title: Rich Balling

texts:
 their album "Mercy". The album layout was done by Stephen O’Malley also known as Sunn O))). “The Ocean and the Sun" was released by Epitaph Records in 2008 with artwork by Seldon Hunt. On November 11, 2013, Balling announced The Sound of Animals Fighting would be performing the following March, seven years after their first and only other concerts. Pyramids
After the release of the third album with The Sound of Animals Fighting, <mask>, having relocated from California to North Texas, moved onto his next project, Pyramids, where he would begin to record under his first initial and middle name: R. Loren, in order to forge a new musical direction free of influence from past projects. Since 2008, the band has released three full-length albums on Hydra Head Records, titled "Pyramids", which contained bonus remixes by notable artists including Jesu, Blut Aus Nord, and Birchville Cat Motel, "Pyramids with Nadja" which included cameos from Simon Raymonde of Cocteau Twins and Chris Simpson of Mineral, and a collaboration with Horseback titled "A Throne Without A King".In addition, Pyramids released two EPs "Mamiffer/Pyramids" (Hydra Head Records) and "Pyramids With Wraiths" (Aurora Borealis), a five cassette box titled "Wvndrkmmer" (Small Doses Records), and a 12" containing remixes by Lustmord, and Ulver (Hydra Head Records). Sailors With Wax Wings and White Moth
In 2010, <mask> founded two more bands, again recording as R. Loren: Sailors With Wax Wings, and White

masks: Balling Balling


title: Rich Balling

texts:
 Moth. These bands were large scale collaborations curated by <mask>, who also performed lead vocals on both records. Sailors With Wax Wings is a collaboration between Balling and notable artists Simon Scott (Slowdive), James Blackshaw, Vern Rumsey (Unwound), Jonas Renkse (Katatonia), Dominick Fernow (as Prurient), Aaron Stainthorpe (My Dying Bride), Colin Marston (Krallice), Aidan Baker (Nadja), Ted Parsons (Godflesh, Swans, Prong), Hildur Gudnadottir, Jessica McWhirter, and Marissa Nadler, with cover art by David Tibet (Current 93), and Faith Coloccia (Mamiffer). All lyrics on the album come from the poetry of Stephen Crane, who <mask> says appeared to him in a vision. White Moth is a collaboration between <mask> and notable artists Lydia Lunch, Alec Empire (Atari Teenage Riot), Shelby Cinca (Frodus), John Gossard (Weakling, Dispirit), Sam Hillmer (Zs), Dälek, Colin Marston (Krallice), Ashley Scott Jones (Treasure Fingers), Jacob Kirkegaard, Christoph Heemann, and Charlene Rogers, with album art by Chet W. Scott (Blood of the Black Owl). Both albums were released on Angel Oven Records.Handmade Birds records
In February 2011, <mask> started a boutique record label called Handmade Birds. The label began live with the release of the LP "When California Falls Into The Sea" by Evan Caminiti (Barn Owl), and a reissue of Blut Aus Nord's dark opus "Mort". <mask> was quoted saying the label was a way for him to "collaborate with artists that I love, acting as a

masks: Balling Balling Balling Balling Balling


title: Chinua Achebe

texts: <mask> (; 16 November 1930 – 21 March 2013) was a Nigerian novelist, poet, and critic who is regarded as the dominant figure of modern African literature. His first novel and magnum opus, Things Fall Apart (1958), occupies a pivotal place in African literature and remains the most widely studied, translated and read African novel. Along with Things Fall Apart, his No Longer at Ease (1960) and Arrow of God (1964) complete the so called "African Trilogy"; later novels include A Man of the People (1966) and Anthills of the Savannah (1987). He is often referred to as the "father of African literature", although he vigorously rejected the characterization. Born in Ogidi, British Nigeria, <mask>'s childhood was influenced by both Igbo traditional culture and postcolonial Christianity. He excelled in school and attended what is now the University of Ibadan, where he became fiercely critical of how European literature depicted Africa. Moving to Lagos after graduation, he worked for the Nigerian Broadcasting Service (NBS) and garnered international attention for his 1958 novel Things Fall Apart.In less than 10 years he would publish four further novels through the publisher Heinemann, with whom he began the Heinemann African Writers Series and galvanized the careers of African writers, such as Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o and Flora Nwapa. Achebe sought to escape the colonial perspective that framed African literature at the time, and drew from the traditions of the Igbo people, Christian influences, and the clash of Western and African values to create a uniquely African voice. He wrote in and defended the use of English, describing it as a means to reach a broad audience, particularly readers of colonial nations.

masks:
Chinua Achebe
Achebe


title: Chinua Achebe

texts: In 1975 he gave a controversial lecture, "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", which was a landmark in postcolonial discourse. Published in The Massachusetts Review, it featured criticism of Albert Schweitzer and Joseph Conrad, who <mask> described as "a thoroughgoing racist." When the region of Biafra broke away from Nigeria in 1967, Achebe supported Biafran independence and acted as ambassador for the people of the new nation. The subsequent Nigerian Civil War ravaged the populace, and he appealed to the people of Europe and the Americas for aid.When the Nigerian government retook the region in 1970, he involved himself in political parties but soon became disillusioned by his frustration over the continuous corruption and elitism he witnessed. He lived in the United States for several years in the 1970s, and returned to the US in 1990 after a car crash left him partially disabled. He stayed in the US in a nineteen-year tenure at Bard College as a Professor of Languages and Literature. Winning the 2007 Man Booker International Prize, from 2009 until his death he was Professor of African Studies at Brown University. <mask>'s work has been extensively analyzed and a vast body of scholarly work discussing it has arisen. In addition to his seminal novels, <mask>'s oeuvre includes numerous short stories, poetry, essays and children's books. His style relies heavily on the Igbo oral tradition, and combines straightforward narration with representations of folk stories, proverbs, and oratory.Among the many themes his works cover are culture and colonialism, masculinity and femininity, politics, and history. His legacy is celebrated annually at the Chinua Achebe Literary

masks: Achebe Achebe Achebe


title: Chinua Achebe

texts:
 Festival. Life and career

Birth and background (1930–1947)

Chinua Achebe was born on 16 November 1930 and baptised as Albert Chinụalụmọgụ Achebe. His father, Isaiah Okafo <mask>, was a teacher and evangelist, and his mother, Janet Anaenechi Iloegbunam, was the daughter of a blacksmith from Awka, a leader among church women, and a vegetable farmer. His birthplace was Saint Simon's Church, Nneobi, which was near the Igbo village of Ogidi; the area was part of British Colonial Nigeria at the time. Isaiah was the nephew of Udoh Osinyi, a leader in Ogidi with a "reputation for tolerance"; orphaned as a young man, Isaiah was an early Ogidi convert to Christianity. Both Isaiah and Janet stood at a crossroads of traditional culture and Christian influence, which made a significant impact on the children, especially Chinua.His parents were converts to the Protestant Church Mission Society (CMS) in Nigeria. As such, Isaiah stopped practicing Odinani, the religious practices of his ancestors, but continued to respect its traditions. The Achebe family had five other surviving children, named in a fusion of traditional words relating to their new religion: Frank Okwuofu, John Chukwuemeka Ifeanyichukwu, Zinobia Uzoma, Augustine Ndubisi, and Grace Nwanneka. After the youngest daughter was born, the family moved to <mask>'s ancestral town of Ogidi, in what is now the state of Anambra. Storytelling was a mainstay of the Igbo tradition and an integral part of the community. Achebe's mother and his sister Zinobia told him many stories as a child, which he repeatedly requested. His education was furthered by the collages his father hung on the walls of their home, as well as almanacs and numerous

masks:
Achebe
Isaiah Achebe