title: Leonor Orosa-Goquingco

texts:
 Kalinangan Award in 1969 and 1964
 Rizal Centennial Award in 1962
 Republic Cultural Heritage Award in 1964
 Presidential Award of Merit in 1970
 Tandang Sora Award and the Columbia University Alumni Association Award in 1975
 National Artist for Dance on March 27, 1976

Positions

She was an Honorary Chairman of the Association of Ballet Academies of the Philippines, the founding member of the Philippine Ballet Theatre (PBT) and was known as a Zontian and a performing arts critic and columnist of the Manila Bulletin.References

Further reqading
Orosa, Rosalinda L. Above the Throng: Portraits and Profiles, Sketches and Silhouettes. 1980. Orosa, Rosalinda L. "My Sister Leonor. ", The Philippine Star. July 23, 2005. Roces, Alejandro R. "<mask> Orosa Goquingco: National Artist in Dance. ", The Philippine Star.July 19, 2005. "Farewell to National Artist <mask> Orosa-Goquingco"., Manila Bulletin. July 18, 2005. 1917 births
2005 deaths
Filipino artists
Filipino female dancers
Central Philippine University alumni
People from Sulu
Burials at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
St. Scholastica's College Manila alumni
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Philippine Women's University alumni
Manila Bulletin


title: Ahmed Zewail

type: original

texts:
<mask>ing Chair Professor of Chemistry, Professor of Physics, and the director of the Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology at the California Institute of Technology. Early life and education
<mask> was born on February 26, 1946, in Damanhur, Egypt, and was raised in Desouk. He received a Bachelor of Science and Master of Science degrees in Chemistry from Alexandria University before moving to the United States to complete his PhD at the University of Pennsylvania supervised by Robin M. Hochstrasser. Career

After completing his PhD, <mask> did postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, supervised by Charles Bonner Harris. Following this, he was awarded a faculty appointment at the California Institute of Technology in 1976, and he made the first Linus Pauling Chair in Chemical Physics.He became a naturalized citizen of the United States on 5 March 1982. <mask> was the director of the Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology at the California Institute of Technology. <mask> had been nominated and participated in President Barack Obama's Presidential Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), an advisory group of the nation's leading scientists and engineers to advise the President and Vice President and formulate policy in the areas of science, technology, and innovation. Research
<mask>'s key work was a pioneer of femtochemistry—i.e. the study of chemical reactions across femtoseconds. Using a rapid ultrafast laser technique (consisting of ultrashort laser flashes), the technique allows the description of

masks:
Ahmed Hassan Zewailus Paul
Ahmed Hasan Zewail
Zewail
Zewail
Zewail
Zewail


title: Ahmed Zewail

texts:
 reactions on very short time scales – short enough to analyse transition states in selected chemical reactions. <mask> became known as the "father of femtochemistry".Political work
In a speech at Cairo University on June 4, 2009, US President Barack Obama proclaimed a new Science Envoy program as part of a "new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world." In January 2010, <mask>, Elias Zerhouni, and Bruce Alberts became the first US science envoys to Islam, visiting Muslim-majority countries from North Africa to Southeast Asia. When asked about rumors that he might contest the 2011 Egyptian presidential election, <mask> said: "I am a frank man... I have no political ambition, as I have stressed repeatedly that I only want to serve Egypt in the field of science and die as a scientist." During the 2011 Egyptian protests he announced his return to the country. <mask> said that he would join a committee for constitutional reform alongside Ayman Nour, Mubarak's rival at the 2005 presidential elections and a leading lawyer. <mask> was later mentioned as a respected figure working as an intermediary between the military regime ruling after Mubarak's resignation, and revolutionary youth groups such as the April 6 Youth Movement and young supporters of Mohamed ElBaradei.He played a critical role during this time as described by Egyptian Media. Awards and honors
In 1999, <mask> became the first Egyptian to receive a science Nobel Prize when he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. <mask> gave his Nobel Lecture on "Femtochemistry: Atomic-Scale Dynamics of the

masks:
Zewail
Ahmed Zewail
Ahmed Zewail
Zewail
Zewail
Zewail
Zewail


title: Ahmed Zewail

texts: Chemical Bond Using Ultrafast Lasers". In 1999, he received Egypt's highest state honor, the Grand Collar of the Nile. In October 2006, <mask> received the Albert Einstein World Award of Science for "his pioneering development of the new field of femtoscience and for his seminal contributions to the revolutionary discipline of physical biology, creating new ways for better understanding the functional behavior of biological systems by directly visualizing them in the four dimensions of space and time." Other international awards include the King Faisal International Prize (1989), Wolf Prize in Chemistry (1993) awarded to him by the Wolf Foundation, the Tolman Award (1997), the Robert A. Welch Award (1997), the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (2000), the Othmer Gold Medal (2009), the Priestley Medal (2011) from the American Chemical Society and the Davy Medal (2011) from the Royal Society. <mask> became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1989 the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1993, and the American Philosophical Society in 1998.<mask> was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2001. He was awarded an honorary doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 2002. He was awarded an honorary doctorate by Lund University in Sweden in May 2003 and was made a Foreign Member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Cambridge University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science in 2006. In May 2008, <mask> received an honorary doctorate from Complutense University of Madrid. In February 2009, <mask> was awarded an honorary

masks: Zewail Zewail Zewail Zewail Zewail


title: Ahmed Zewail

texts:
 doctorate in arts and sciences by the University of Jordan. In May 2010, he gave the commencement address at Southwestern University.On 3 October 2011 he was awarded an honorary doctorate in science from the University of Glasgow. On 19 May 2014, he was awarded an honorary degree from Yale University. The Zewail city of science and technology, established in 2000 and revived in 2011, is named in his honour. Honorary Degrees
Zewail was bestowed honorary degrees by the following institutions:
University of Oxford, UK (1991);
The American University in Cairo, Egypt (1993);
Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium (1997);
University of Pennsylvania, USA (1997);
University of Lausanne, Switzerland (1997);
Swinburne University of Technology, Australia (1999);
Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Egypt (1999);
D.Sc. Alexandria University, Egypt (1999);
D.Sc. University of New Brunswick, Canada (2000);
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy (2000); and
University of Liège, Belgium (2000). Personal life
Zewail married Dema Faham in 1989.He had four children: two daughters, Maha and Amani, from his first marriage, and with Faham two sons, Nabeel and Hani. Honours

Egyptian national honours

Grand Collar of the Order of the Nile
Knight of the Order of Merit (Egypt)

Foreign honors

Knight of the Legion of Honour
Officier of the National Order of Merit

Grand Cordon of the National Order of the Cedar

Grand Officer of the National Order of the Republic of Sudan

Commander of the Order of the Republic

Grand Officer of Order of Zayed

Death and funeral
<mask> died aged 70


title: Ahmed Zewail

texts:
 on the morning of August 2, 2016. He was recovering from cancer, however, the exact cause of his death is unknown. A military funeral was held for <mask> on August 7, 2016, at the El-Mosheer Tantawy mosque in Cairo, Egypt. Those attending included President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Prime Minister Sherif Ismail, al-Azhar Grand Imam <mask>-Tayeb, Defence Minister Sedki Sobhi, former President Adly Mansour, former Prime Minister Ibrahim Mahlab and heart surgeon Magdi Yacoub. The funeral prayers were led by Ali Gomaa, former Grand Mufti of Egypt. Publications

Scientific
Advances in Laser Spectroscopy I, ed.A. H<mask>, SPIE, Bellingham, 1977
Advances in Laser Chemistry, ed. A. H<mask>, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1978
Photochemistry and Photobiology, Vols. 1 and 2, ed. A. H<mask>, Harwood Academic, London, 1983
Ultrafast Phenomena VII, eds. C. B. Harris, E. P. Ippen, G. A. Mourou and A. H<mask>, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1990
The Chemical Bond: Structure and Dynamics, ed. A. H<mask>, Academic Press, Boston, 1992
Ultrafast Phenomena VIII, eds. J.-L. Martin, A. Migus, G. A. Mourou, and A. H<mask>, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1993
Ultrafast Phenomena IX, eds.P. F. Barbara, W. H. Knox, G. A. Mourou, and A. H<mask>, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, 1994
Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Vol. I, A. H<mask>, World Scientific, 1994
Femtochemistry: Ultrafast Dynamics of the Chemical Bond Vol. II, A. H<mask>, World Scientific, 1994
Physical Biology: From Atoms to Medicine, ed. A. H<mask>, Imperial College Press, London, 2008
4D Electron

masks:
Zewail
Ahmed el
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail
. Zewail


title: Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist)

texts:
<mask> (1918–1967) was a political thinker and activist, whose three books promoted human rights in South Africa and expressed concern regarding the relationship of humans with the Earth. An anti-apartheid activist, <mask> was a supporter of universal suffrage who was harassed and imprisoned by the Apartheid regime for his dissident activities. Early life
Born 1918 in Johannesburg, was the son of Sir <mask>. <mask> was educated first in South Africa and later in England, at Winchester College and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1938 his friendship with a fellow Balliol student, Helmuth James Graf von Moltke, led to an invitation to stay with the von Moltke family in Germany: he thus came into contact with the anti-Nazi opposition group, the Kreisau Circle, and also spent three weeks in an Arbeitsdienst voluntary labour camp. Both experiences had a profound influence on him. In October 1939, having returned to South Africa, he travelled back to England hoping to join the army, but was rejected on medical grounds, because, since the age of 11, he had been lame, with a knee he couldn't bend due to an injury from a cricket ball that caused  osteomyelitis.He went on to join HM Diplomatic Service in Basutoland in 1941 where he served as an Assistant District Officer before becoming Private Secretary to the High Commissioner, Sir Evelyn Baring, in Cape Town in 1946. In 1947 he returned to Lesotho as Assistant District Officer and became Judicial Commissioner in 1951. His book, Sotho Laws and Customs, a handbook based on decided cases in Basutoland together with the Laws of Lerotholi, was published in Cape Town by Oxford University Press in 1960, and reprinted in 2006. His Assessor, Chief Leabua Jonathan, in later years became Prime Minister of Lesotho. <mask>'s approach to development in Africa was broad as well as original: he believed that soil erosion was a major issue of land management and published a pamphlet on this subject, entitled “The Enemy”, in 1943 (Morija: Lesotho), under the pseudonym ‘Melanchthon’, Greek for ‘black earth’. Political career

In South Africa
After the National Party won the 1948 General Election in South Africa,

masks:
Patrick Baker Duncan
Duncan
Patrick Duncan
Duncan
Duncan


texts: <mask> decided to involve himself directly in South African politics. Four factors were especially important in influencing this decision.First, he had developed a profound horror of racism. Secondly, he had become deeply influenced by the theories of the Mahatma Gandhi, particularly the concept of satyagraha. Thirdly, he had by then realised that for the African majority in South Africa the constitutional politics of the time were meaningless and hopeless. Fourthly, he always had an intense feeling of personal destiny, partly as the consequence of his father’s career, which had culminated in his being Governor-General of the Union of South Africa. After his resignation from the Colonial Service in 1952, <mask> and his family moved to a farm in the Orange Free State on the border with Basutoland. In November 1952 the ANC and the South African Indian Congress agreed to his participation in their defiance campaign. With Manilal, son of the Mahatma, <mask> led a procession into the African location in Germiston, where they and others were arrested.<mask> was sentenced to three months’ imprisonment with hard labour, for breaking the law requiring whites to possess a permit before visiting a location; he served only two weeks, as ill health forced him to pay a fine in lieu of the remainder of his sentence. At this point he was working closely with the Congress movement, but soon considerable mutual distrust developed as a result of his suspicions that the ANC was being manipulated by members of the South African Communist Party, which had been secretly revived in 1953. In 1955 <mask> joined the Liberal Party of South Africa, within which he was to become a radicalising influence, often evoking antipathy from its more conservative leaders. He worked as the National Organiser of the Liberal Party throughout 1956-57, although remained in close contact with the developing national movement in Basutoland and, in particular, with Chief Leabua Jonathan, whose BNP he helped found in late 1957 and early 1958. In 1958 the <mask>s moved to Cape Town where <mask> started the newspaper Contact, directed at a non-racial readership. Contact, a

masks: Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Patrick


texts:
 fortnightly tabloid, became a vehicle for his radicalism and his hostility to communism. The newspaper aroused resentment for its strong stance on various issues: for instance, it attacked Albert Luthuli, leader of the ANC (for allegedly allowing the ANC to be dominated by communists); it also advocated immediate universal adult franchise (which alarmed the more conservative members of the Liberal Party).Although, given the nature of its largely impoverished readership, Contact never achieved massive sales, it nevertheless had considerable impact, achieved partly by its identification with African nationalist movements throughout the continent. <mask> represented the Liberal Party at the All-African Peoples' Conference at Accra in 1958. In 1959 he stood as the Liberal Party candidate in the Sea Point district of Cape Town for election to the Cape Provincial Council: in a forthright campaign, when asked if ‘Natives and Coloureds’ should be allowed to swim in the famous Sea Point swimming pools,  he replied “Yes”. The result of the ‘swimming pool election’ was a win by the United Party candidate with 4476 votes, against <mask>’s 1505. His sympathy for nationalism, as well as his feelings about communism, led <mask> to support the anti-pass campaign led by the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) in 1960. In particular he played a crucial role in Cape Town during the negotiations between the PAC and the police after the march of 30,000 blacks from the townships into the city centre. The defeat of the campaign and the banning of the African political movements contributed to <mask>’s growing disillusion with solely non-violent opposition to apartheid.In exile
In March 1961, <mask> was served the first of his banning orders, which tried to curtail his political activities and his movements round the country. During 1960 and 1961, reports in Contact on the Communist Party had attracted even more than usual attention from the security police, and in 1961 <mask> was arrested and imprisoned in Roeland Street police cells. Asked to disclose the sources of his information on the banned Communist party, he refused. After three weeks of continuing

masks: Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan


texts: refusal, he was released but then charged with publishing ‘subversive literature’; <mask> refused to plead and wrote his own speech in defence of his actions, later published in Blom-Cooper’s anthology, The Law as Literature (London: Bodley Head 1961). In March 1962 he was served another banning order which restricted him to the magisterial district of Cape Town. Defying this order, <mask> drove overnight to the Free State in a car with a false number plate, and was driven in the boot of a friend’s car over the border into Basutoland, where he set up as a trader in two remote stores in the Quthing District, planning to use these as a base for further political activity in South Africa. In early 1963 he resigned from the Liberal Party and joined the PAC, the first white man to be accepted into its ranks.After corresponding with Robert F. Kennedy, <mask> visited America as a representative of the PAC to try to affect US policy on South Africa; he was still, at this stage, still very pro-American, and he received some encouragement from members of the Kennedy administration. In July 1963 he addressed the UN Special Committee on Apartheid. However, while <mask> and his family were visiting England, the Resident Commissioner of Basutoland declared him a prohibited immigrant in that country. <mask> continued to work in the PAC and, in 1964, was sent to investigate financial malpractices at the PAC office in Dar es Salaam. In the same year, he published South Africa’s Rule of Violence, an analysis of the violent repression of political protest in the country. He was appointed PAC representative for the North African countries, based in Algeria, where military training was being provided for PAC recruits: his ability to speak French stood him in good stead. However, in 1965 he was dismissed from his post:  the reasons given included the fact that he had sent a personal letter congratulating his old friend and colleague, Chief Leabua Jonathan, on winning the Lesotho general election (the PAC was allied to Leabua's opponents, the BCP); and that, without waiting for an accord from Headquarters, he had recognised  the new Government of Algeria

masks: Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan


texts:
 formed by Houari Boumedienne after his coup d’état in 1965.However, <mask> remained a PAC member, and he took the decision to stay in Algeria, where he found work within a relief organisation, Comité Chrétien de Service en Algerie, part of the World Council of Churches. During the years 1964-7 he deepened the ideas he had first expressed in The Enemy in 1943 about the effect of humans on what is now called ‘biodiversity’, and wrote Man and the Earth (published posthumously in 1975.). This analysis of the way people exploit the planet had a breadth which was exceptional at the time, and covered detailed issues in politics, history and science. He propounded an ethical system which he called ‘Geism’, ‘a new morality based on the totality of the planet’. Though such ideas on what is now called sustainable development were beginning then to be familiar when applied at a local level (see for instance the ‘hima’ concept in Arabia), <mask>’s special contribution was his call for a response, at a global level, to environmental challenges, within a broad ethical, philosophical and spiritual perspective. This scholarly work is remarkable since it proposes an approach to dealing with the challenges at a prescient date (the mid-1960s), and at a time when <mask> might have been preoccupied with the more immediate struggle against apartheid. Personal life
Married to Cynthia Ashley Cooper (later Lady Bryan) in 1947, he had two sons and two daughters.While working for the relief organisation in Algeria, <mask> contracted a blood disease, aplastic anaemia and died in London, in 1967. See also
List of people subject to banning orders under apartheid

Notes and references

 1964. London: Methuen, 169 pp. External links
 Archival Information can be found at the Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York: <mask>, <mask> (1918-1967) South African Political Journalist

1918 births
1967 deaths
South African people of Scottish descent
People from Johannesburg
South African people of British descent
South African prisoners and detainees
White South African anti-apartheid activists
South African expatriates in the United Kingdom
Alumni of Balliol

masks: Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Duncan Patrick


title: Colin Davis

texts:
Sir <mask>  (25 September 1927 – 14 April 2013) was an English conductor, known for his association with the London Symphony Orchestra, having first conducted it in 1959. His repertoire was broad, but among the composers with whom he was particularly associated were Mozart, Berlioz, Elgar, Sibelius, Stravinsky and Tippett. <mask> studied as a clarinettist, but was intent on becoming a conductor. After struggles as a freelance conductor from 1949 to 1957, he gained a series of appointments with orchestras including the BBC Scottish Orchestra, the BBC Symphony Orchestra and the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra. He also held the musical directorships of Sadler's Wells Opera and the Royal Opera House, where he was principal conductor for over fifteen years. His guest conductorships included the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the New York Philharmonic and the Staatskapelle Dresden, among many others. As a teacher, <mask> held posts at the Royal Academy of Music, London, and the Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber" (preparatory school for music) in Dresden.He made his first gramophone recordings in 1958, and his discography over the next five decades was extensive, with many studio recordings for Philips Records and a substantial catalogue of live recordings for the London Symphony Orchestra's own label. Early years
<mask> was born in Weybridge, Surrey, the fifth of seven children, to Reginald George and <mask>. The family was musical, and he was exposed to music from an early age. He recalled:

"I can still see Sargent conducting

masks:
Colin Rex Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Lillian Davis


title: Colin Davis

texts: the first concert I ever attended. I can still hear Melchior in the final scene of Siegfried – an old 78 playing on my father's gramophone. … I can also remember the moment I decided to make music my life. I was 13 or 14 at the time and the performance was of Beethoven's Eighth.Doors were suddenly opened. I became totally involved, even obsessed by music, although I was frightfully enclosed by my likes and dislikes. Today I'm game for anything." With financial assistance from his great-uncle, <mask> was educated at Christ's Hospital in Sussex and then won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music in London, where he studied the clarinet with Frederick Thurston. His fellow-students included Gervase de Peyer, but <mask> developed a greater interest in conducting. He was, however, not eligible for the conducting class at the college, because he could not play the piano. Following compulsory military service and completing his studies at college, <mask> served as a clarinettist in the band of the Life Guards.Stationed at Windsor, he had continual opportunities to attend concerts in London under conductors including Sir Thomas Beecham and Bruno Walter. In 1949, he began his career as a freelance musician (the "freelance wilderness", in his own phrase) where he remained until 1957. His first conducting work was with the Kalmar Orchestra, which he co-founded with other former students of the Royal College. He was subsequently invited to conduct the recently founded Chelsea Opera Group in Don Giovanni. In the early years of his career, he

masks: Davis Davis Davis


title: Colin Davis

texts:
 also took some engagements as an orchestral clarinettist. What seemed at first to be a full-time conducting appointment, for the Original Ballet Russe in 1952, ended abruptly after three months, when the company collapsed. In between sparse conducting engagements, <mask> worked as a coach and lecturer, including spells at the Cambridge University Musical Society and the Bryanston Summer School, where a performance of L'enfance du Christ awakened his love of Berlioz's music.BBC and Sadler's Wells
His first breakthrough came in 1957 when, at his third attempt, he secured the post of assistant conductor of the BBC Scottish Orchestra (now the BBC Scottish Symphony Orchestra). The chief conductor of the orchestra generally chose to conduct the standard repertoire pieces himself, and left <mask> with modern works and non-standard repertoire works, including those of Berlioz. By 1959, <mask> had developed to the extent that, after a concert of Stravinsky and Mozart with the London Mozart Players, the chief music critic of The Observer, Peter Heyworth, wrote:

 "Mr <mask> conducted two works in a manner that showed that he is not only outstanding among our younger conductors, but probably the best we have produced since Sir Thomas Beecham, his senior by forty-eight years." <mask> first found wide acclaim when he stood in for an ill Otto Klemperer in a performance of Don Giovanni, at the Royal Festival Hall in 1959. A year later, Beecham invited him to collaborate with him in preparing The Magic Flute at Glyndebourne. Beecham was taken ill,

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis


title: Colin Davis

texts: and <mask> conducted the opera. After the Don Giovanni, The Times wrote, "A superb conductor of Mozart declared himself last night at the Festival Hall….Mr <mask> emerged as a conductor ripe for greatness." Neville Cardus in The Guardian was less enthusiastic but nevertheless considered that he "had his triumphs" in the performance. After The Magic Flute, The Times called <mask> "master of Mozart's idiom, style and significance", although Heyworth in The Observer was disappointed by his tempi, judging them to be too slow. In 1960, <mask> made his début at the Proms in a programme of Britten, Schumann, Mozart and Berlioz. In the same year, he was appointed chief conductor of Sadler's Wells Opera, and in 1961 he was made musical director of the company, with whom he built up a large repertoire of operas, conducting in London and on tour. Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians wrote of this period, "He excelled in Idomeneo, The Rake's Progress and Oedipus rex, and Fidelio; his Wagner, Verdi and Puccini were less successful. He introduced Weill's Mahagonny, and Pizzetti's Assassinio nella cattedrale to the British public and conducted the première of Bennett's The Mines of Sulphur (1965)."Together with the stage director Glen Byam Shaw, he worked to present operas in a way that gave due weight to the drama as well as the music. In his early years, <mask> was known as something of a firebrand with a short fuse in rehearsals, and his departure from Sadler's Wells in 1965 was not without acrimony. After he left Sadler's Wells, and being


title: Colin Davis

texts:
 passed over as principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, <mask> was named chief conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra (BBC SO), effective September 1967. At first, in the general view of the public, his tenure was overshadowed, at least during the Proms, by the memory of Sir Malcolm Sargent. Compared to the "suave father figure" image of Sargent to the promenaders, it took some time for the much younger <mask> to be accepted. The BBC's official historian of the Proms later wrote, "<mask> never really identified himself with the Proms in the way that Sargent had done. <mask> was uncomfortable with the traditional hullabaloo of the Last Night of the Proms and attempted, unsuccessfully, to modernise it.The BBC's Controller of Music, William Glock, was a long-standing admirer of <mask>, and encouraged him to put on adventurous programmes, with a new emphasis on modern music, both at the Proms and throughout the rest of the orchestra's annual schedule. Following his tenure as BBC SO chief conductor, <mask> served as chief guest conductor of the BBC SO from 1971 to 1976. Covent Garden
In 1970, Sir David Webster, who ran the Royal Opera and the Royal Ballet companies at Covent Garden, invited <mask> to succeed Sir Georg Solti as principal conductor of the opera. At about the same time, the Boston Symphony Orchestra invited him to become its musical director, but <mask> felt that if Covent Garden needed him, it was his duty to take on the post. Webster's vision was that <mask> and the stage director Sir Peter Hall, formerly of

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis


title: Colin Davis

texts: the Royal Shakespeare Company, would work in equal partnership as musical director and director of productions. After early successes together, including the première of Michael Tippett's The Knot Garden in December 1970, Hall left to succeed Laurence Olivier as director of the National Theatre. Webster had retired by that time, leaving <mask>, together with Webster's successor as General Administrator, Sir John Tooley, to run the Royal Opera.<mask>' early months in charge at Covent Garden were marked by dissatisfaction among some of the audience, and booing was heard at a "disastrous" Nabucco in 1972. His conducting of Wagner's Ring cycle was at first compared unfavourably with that of his predecessor. Among his successes were Berlioz's massive Les Troyens (with Jon Vickers and Anja Silja) and Benvenuto Cellini, Verdi's Falstaff, the major Mozart operas, and, as one critic put it, he "confirmed his preeminence as a Britten and Stravinsky interpreter" with productions of Peter Grimes and The Rake's Progress. <mask> conducted more than 30 operas during his fifteen-year tenure, but "since people like Maazel, Abbado and Muti would only come for new productions", <mask> yielded the baton to these foreign conductors, giving up the chance to conduct several major operas, including Der Rosenkavalier, Rigoletto and Aida. In addition to the standard operatic repertoire, <mask> conducted a number of modern and unfamiliar operas, including Tippett's The Knot Garden and The Ice Break (of which he is the dedicatee), and Alexander Zemlinsky's The


title: Colin Davis

texts:
 Dwarf and Eine florentinische Tragödie. With later stage directors at Covent Garden, <mask> preferred to work with those who respected the libretto: "I have a hankering for producers who don't feel jealous of composers for being better than they are, and want to impose their, often admittedly clever, ideas on the work in hand." <mask> hoped that Götz Friedrich, with whom he worked on Wagner's Ring cycle, would take on the role of principal producer vacated by Hall, "but it seemed that nobody wanted to commit themselves."During his Covent Garden tenure, <mask> returned to the BBC Symphony Orchestra as principal guest conductor from 1971 to 1975, and held the same post with the Boston Symphony Orchestra from 1972 to 1984. In 1977, he became the first English conductor to appear at Bayreuth, where he conducted the opening opera of the festival, Tannhäuser. Despite the Bayreuth habitués' suspicion of newcomers, his Tannhäuser was "highly successful". He debuted at the Metropolitan Opera, New York City, in 1967 with Peter Grimes, the Vienna State Opera in 1986 and the Bavarian State Opera in 1994. Bavarian Radio Symphony and London Symphony Orchestras
From 1983 to 1993, <mask> was chief conductor of the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, with whom he developed his concert hall repertoire, including symphonies by Bruckner and Mahler. He was offered but declined the music directorships of the Cleveland Orchestra in succession to Maazel and the New York Philharmonic in succession to Zubin Mehta. As a principal guest conductor he was

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis


title: Colin Davis

texts: associated with the Dresden Staatskapelle, which appointed him honorary conductor (Ehrendirigent) in 1990, the first in the orchestra's 460-year-history, and whose musicians referred to <mask> with the nickname "Der Sir".From 1998 to 2003, he was principal guest conductor of the New York Philharmonic. In 1995, <mask> was appointed principal conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra, the culmination of a long association with the orchestra. He had first conducted the LSO in 1959, and in 1964 he headed the orchestra's first world tour. He became principal guest conductor in 1975 and was at the helm in the LSO's first major series at its new home, the Barbican Centre, in a Berlioz/Tippett festival in 1983. In 1997 he conducted the LSO's first residency at Lincoln Center in New York City. <mask> was the longest-serving principal conductor in the history of the LSO, holding the post from 1995 until 2006, after which the orchestra appointed him its President, an honour previously held only by Arthur Bliss, William Walton, Karl Böhm and Leonard Bernstein. On 21 June 2009, 50 years to the day after his first LSO performance, a special concert was given at the Barbican, at which present-day players were joined by many past members of the orchestra.His programme for the concert was Mozart's Symphony No 40 in G minor, and Brahms's Piano Concerto No 2, with Nelson Freire as soloist. During his time with the LSO, both as principal conductor and later as president, <mask> conducted series and cycles of the music of Sibelius, Berlioz, Bruckner,


title: Colin Davis

texts:
 Mozart, Elgar, Beethoven, and Brahms, and in 2009 began presenting a cycle of the symphonies of Carl Nielsen. Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians wrote:

 "He conducted a Sibelius cycle in 1992 and a concert performance of Les Troyens the following year, both of which have become the stuff of legend. More recently he has added grand performances of Bruckner, Richard Strauss and Elgar, the première of Tippett's last major work, The Rose Lake (1995), and a Berlioz cycle begun with Benvenuto Cellini in 1999 and crowned by an incandescent Les Troyens in December 2000, all confirming his partnership with the LSO as one of the most important of its time." Teacher
<mask> was president of the Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber" in Dresden, and held the International Chair of Orchestral Studies at the Royal Academy of Music, London. Jonathan Freeman-Attwood, principal of the academy, wrote of <mask>:

 "As the Academy's International Chair of Conducting over 25 years, Sir <mask> helmed six opera productions and over sixty concerts, classes and chamber music projects. Such extraordinary generosity from a major international conductor is surely unique.He inspired a whole generation here, as did Henry Wood and John Barbirolli before him." Recordings
<mask>'s discography is extensive, numbering over 300 recordings. He made his first record in 1958 conducting the Sinfonia of London in performances of Mozart's Symphonies 29 and 39 for World Record Club (TZ 130). This was followed on 8 May 1959 by a recording made in Kingsway

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 Hall, London, for Decca with the New Symphony Orchestra of London and pianist Peter Katin performing Rachmaninov's Piano Concerto No. 2 in C minor Op. 18. He made several records for the small independent label L'Oiseau Lyre, including a 1960 L'enfance du Christ and a 1962 Béatrice et Bénédict which, at April 2013, were both still available on CD.For EMI he made both operatic and orchestral recordings, the former with Sadler's Wells forces, including excerpts from Carmen and a complete Oedipus rex, and the latter including Harold in Italy with Yehudi Menuhin, and what remains one of his best-known recordings, a 1961 Beethoven Seventh Symphony. Philips and RCA
In the 1960s, <mask> signed as an exclusive artist for Philips Records, with whom he made an extensive range of recordings in the symphonic repertoire and many operatic recordings, including the major Mozart operas; operas by Tippett, Britten, Verdi and Puccini; and a comprehensive survey of the operas of Berlioz, culminating in an award-winning first recording of the complete Les Troyens issued in May 1970. <mask>'s 1966 Philips recording of Handel's Messiah was regarded as revelatory at the time of its issue for its departure from the large-scale Victorian-style performances that had previously been customary. Other Philips recordings included a 1982 set of Haydn's twelve London symphonies with the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra "distinguished by performances of tremendous style and authority, and a sense of rhythmic impetus that is most exhilarating"; and a 1995 Beethoven

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 symphony cycle with the Dresden Staatskapelle, of which Gramophone wrote, "There has not been a Beethoven cycle like this since Klemperer's heyday." <mask> made a number of records with the Boston Symphony Orchestra for Philips, including the first of his three Sibelius cycles, which remains in the CD catalogues. They also recorded works by Debussy, Grieg, Schubert, Schumann, and Tchaikovsky. For RCA Victor Red Seal, <mask> recorded complete symphony cycles of Sibelius (with the LSO), Brahms (Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, 1989–98), and Schubert (Dresden Staatskapelle, 1996).LSO Live

<mask>'s term as principal conductor of the LSO coincided with the orchestra's decision to launch its own record label, LSO Live. <mask>' recordings on the LSO Live label include Beethoven's opera Fidelio (2006), a wide range of Berlioz works, including a second recording of Les Troyens (2000), La damnation de Faust (2000), Roméo et Juliette (2000), Béatrice et Bénédict (2000), Harold en Italie (2003), and the Symphonie fantastique (2000); Britten's Peter Grimes (2004); Dvořák's Symphonies Nos. 6–9 (1999–2004); five Elgar sets: the Enigma Variations (2007) and the Introduction and Allegro for Strings (2005), the three symphonies (2001), and The Dream of Gerontius (2005); Handel's Messiah (2006); Haydn's Die Schöpfung (2007); Holst's The Planets (2002); James MacMillan's St John Passion, (2008) The World's Ransoming and The Confession of Isobel Gowdie (2007); Mozart's Requiem (2007); Nielsen's Symphonies Nos. 4–5 (2011); a third Sibelius symphony


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 cycle (2002–2008); Smetana's Má vlast (2005); Tippett's A Child of Our Time (2007), Verdi's Falstaff (2004), Requiem (2009), and Otello (2010); and Walton's First Symphony (2005). Awards
<mask> was appointed CBE in 1965, knighted in 1980 and appointed Companion of Honour in 2001. He was awarded the Royal Philharmonic Society's gold medal in 1995, the Queen's Medal for Music, 2009, and has numerous international awards, including Commendatore of the Republic of Italy, 1976; Commander's Cross, Order of Merit (Germany), 1987; Commandeur, l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (France), 1990; Commander, Order of the Lion (Finland), 1992; Order of Merit (Bavaria), 1993; Officier, Légion d'honneur (France), 1999 (Chevalier, 1982); Order of Maximilian (Bavaria), 2000. Other awards include Pipe Smoker of the Year in 1996, Male Artist of the Year in the Classic Brit Awards 2008,  the Grammy Award in 2006 for Best Opera for his LSO Live recording of Verdi's Falstaff, and the Elgar Medal in 2012.Personal life
In 1949, <mask> married the soprano April Cantelo. They had two children, Suzanne and Christopher. Their marriage ended in 1964, and in that same year, <mask> married Ashraf Naini, known as Shamsi. To satisfy both the Iranian and British authorities, the couple were married three times, once in Iran and twice in the UK, in the Iranian Embassy in London as well as in a UK civil ceremony; they had five children. One of their children is the conductor Joseph Wolfe, who chose a different surname, because he wanted to "create some space to grow and


title: Colin Davis

texts:
 develop my own identity as a musician." Lady <mask> died in June 2010 at the time <mask> was conducting Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro at the Royal Opera House. <mask> continued the run of performances just days later and when asked, the following year, how he had the strength to perform, he replied:

 "It comes from the music.There is so much negative nonsense talked about Mozart, but he is – well, he's life itself." Illness and death
After his wife's death, <mask>'s health declined rapidly. He fell from the podium at Covent Garden in February 2011, and cancelled many engagements in the subsequent months. His last concert in France was on 7 June 2012 at the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées in Paris with the Orchestre National de France and Emanuel Ax. His last concert with the LSO was a performance of Berlioz's Grande Messe des morts on 26 June 2012 at Saint Paul's Cathedral in London. His last known performance was with an amateur London orchestra and soloist Thomas Gould, a month before his death. On 14 April 2013, <mask> died in London at the age of 85.Antonio Pappano, music director at the Royal Opera House, said <mask>'s death came as a "huge blow". Labour MP Harriet Harman tweeted that <mask> had "made a historic contribution to music – in this country & worldwide", while Borjan Canev, former assistant conductor to <mask>, said "thank you for being my inspiration". References
Notes

Sources

External links

Morrison, Richard. "Monarch of all he's survived", Profile of <mask> at 80 – The Times, 21 September 2007
The Hector Berlioz


title: Colin Davis

texts:
 Website, page on Sir <mask>
The Hector Berlioz Website, page on discography of Sir <mask>, compiled by Malcolm Walker and Brian Godfrey

1927 births
2013 deaths
Academics of the Royal Academy of Music
Members of the University of Cambridge Faculty of Music
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy of Music
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
BBC Symphony Orchestra
People educated at Christ's Hospital
English conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
20th-century British conductors (music)
21st-century British conductors (music)
Music directors (opera)
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour
Knights Bachelor
Conductors (music) awarded knighthoods
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Commanders of the Order of the Lion of Finland
Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
Royal Philharmonic Society Gold Medallists
Grammy Award winners
People from Weybridge
London Symphony Orchestra principal conductors
20th-century British Army personnel
British Life Guards

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title: Nava Applebaum

texts:
<mask> (or Naava<mask> (also spelled Appelbaum) (; c. 1983 – September 9, 2003) was a 20-year-old Israeli-American woman who was murdered together with her father on the evening before her wedding by a Palestinian suicide bomber. Journalist Yossi Klein Halevi described the incident as an "epic tragedy", and wrote: "If a new book of the Bible were ever written about the modern return to Zion, it would have to include the story of the Applebaums." Biography
<mask> was the eldest daughter of David and <mask>, the third of six children. Her father, <mask>, was a prominent emergency department doctor well known for work on methods for assisting suicide bombing victims. He was born in Detroit, Michigan, and moved to Chicago, Illinois, as a teenager. After being ordained as a rabbi, he attended Northwestern University and graduated with a Masters in Biology. David then attended the University of Toledo Medical Center.He moved to Israel in 1982, and traveled back at times to practice in the United States. David's daughter <mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio. The family later moved to Israel, where David became chief of the emergency department and trauma services at Jerusalem's Shaare Zedek Medical Center, and <mask> graduated from Horev Girls High School. <mask> first met her fiancé, Chanan Sand, when she was 17 and he was 16, at an Ezra religious youth group, where they both served as youth group advisers. A year later they were engaged, but delayed their wedding for two years. As part of her two-year Sherut Leumi service (alternative national service), <mask> worked with children with cancer. She planned on studying chemistry or genetics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and her goal was to find a cure for cancer.Sand and <mask> scheduled their wedding for September 10, 2003, in Ramat Rachel, a kibbutz south of Jerusalem. Bombing

A few hours before the bombing, on September 9, <mask> attended the mikveh (ritual bath), as required by Halakha (Jewish law) for all brides prior to their wedding. She then began helping her family with the

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texts:
 wedding arrangements, when her father decided to take her out for a "father-daughter" talk before her wedding. They went to Café Hillel on Emek Refaim Street, in Jerusalem. On the day of the bombing, September 9, security guards in the vicinity of Café Hillel were told to be on the lookout for a suicide bomber. At around 11:20 pm, a security guard stationed at a nearby pizza parlor noticed a man walking by with a bulky square-shaped box under his shirt. He yelled at the man to stop, but the man refused.The security guard did not want to shoot him in the back, for fear that it would detonate the bomb. A few seconds later, the suicide bomber detonated the bomb close to the entrance of Café Hillel. <mask> and her father were entering the cafe at that time. <mask> was killed together with her father. She was dead by the time she was reached by paramedics. <mask>'s fiancé, Chanan Sand, collapsed in the emergency department of Shaare Zedek Medical Center upon hearing that his fiancée had not survived. She was buried the next day adjacent to her father in the Har HaMenuchot cemetery, in the western part of Jerusalem.Hundreds of friends and relatives traveling to Israel for the wedding arrived to find that they would be attending her funeral instead, on the day she was supposed to get married. Sand attended the funeral, and placed in her grave the wedding ring he had planned on giving her at the wedding. Post-death events
The poignant tragedy of a father and daughter murdered on the evening before the daughter's wedding moved Israelis, who continue to recall the tragedy years later. A few days after the bombing, another engaged couple decided to hold their Sheva Brachot celebrations at the site of the suicide attack. The choice of venue was intended  "as a sign of 'continuity'". The celebration was video-conferenced to numerous Jewish communities around the world. Numerous memorials and charity projects were undertaken in memory of <mask> <mask>.The top of <mask>'s unworn wedding gown was made into a covering for the Torah ark at Rachel's

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 Tomb. It is inscribed: "<mask> <mask>, A Bride for Eternity." The skirt of the wedding gown was formed into a wedding canopy for other couples to stand beneath during their chuppah ceremony. Dr. <mask> Farkas, a Teaneck, New Jersey, resident and second cousin to <mask>, and her brother, Dr. <mask>, also of Teaneck, raised money to build a special room for brides at the mikvah in the Har Homa neighborhood of Jerusalem. A memorial service honoring <mask> and her father held in New Jersey one year after their deaths drew over a thousand people. The Naava Applebaum Circle of Life Endowment was established by the Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, and it supports the Sherut Leumi service, in which <mask> participated. All Bat Mitzvah girls (12-year-old girls, who at that age become responsible for their actions according to Jewish law) of Moriah School in Englewood, New Jersey receive a book of Psalms inscribed in the memory of <mask> <mask>.A dowry fund was also established, the Naava Applebaum Kallah Fund, for brides that cannot afford the basic wedding necessities. In 2006, <mask>'s brother Yitzchak was in medical school. At that time, her sister Shira was a paramedic planning on attending medical school. When Shira got married she used <mask>'s wedding gown as part of the canopy. <mask>'s fiancé, Chanan Sand, was unable to date for several years after her death because of his grief, but became engaged in 2009. Members of the <mask> family attended the engagement party. In October 2011, Ibrahim Dar Musa, who was involved in the planning of the suicide attack, was released from prison as part of the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange.References

External links
  (pic)

1983 births
2003 deaths
Murdered American Jews
American emigrants to Israel
Israeli Jews
Israeli casualties in the Second Intifada
Israeli murder victims
Terrorism deaths in Jerusalem
People from Cleveland
People murdered in Israel
Israeli terrorism victims
Terrorist incidents in Jerusalem in the 2000s
Terrorist incidents in Asia in 2003
American people murdered

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title: Robert Wyatt

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<mask> (born <mask>-Ellidge, 28 January 1945) is a retired English musician. A founding member of the influential Canterbury scene bands Soft Machine and Matching Mole, he was initially a kit drummer and singer before becoming paraplegic following an accidental fall from a window in 1973, which led him to abandon band work, explore other instruments, and begin a forty-year solo career. A key player during the formative years of British jazz fusion, psychedelia and progressive rock, <mask>'s own work became increasingly interpretative, collaborative and politicised from the mid 1970s onwards. His solo music has covered a particularly individual musical terrain ranging from covers of pop singles to shifting, amorphous song collections drawing on elements of jazz, folk and nursery rhyme. <mask> retired from his music career in 2014, stating "there is a pride in [stopping], I don’t want [the music] to go off." He is married to English painter and songwriter Alfreda Benge. Early life
<mask> was born in Bristol.His mother, <mask>, was a journalist with the BBC, and his father, George Ellidge, was an industrial psychologist. <mask> was a cousin of <mask>, whose political stance influenced <mask> in joining the Communist Party of Great Britain. <mask> had two half-brothers from his parents' previous marriages, <mask>'s son, actor Julian Glover, and George Ellidge's son, press photographer Mark Ellidge. His parents' friends were "quite bohemian", and his upbringing was "unconventional". <mask> said "It seemed perfectly normal to me. My father didn't join us until I was six, and he died ten years later, having retired early with multiple sclerosis, so I was brought up a lot by women." <mask> attended the Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys, Canterbury and as a teenager lived with his parents in Lydden near Dover, where

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 he was taught drums by visiting American jazz drummer George Neidorf.It was during this period that <mask> met and became friends with expatriate Australian musician Daevid Allen, who rented a room in <mask>'s family home. In 1962, <mask> and Neidorf moved to Majorca, living near the poet <mask>. The following year, <mask> returned to England and joined the Daevid Allen Trio with Allen and Hugh Hopper. Allen subsequently left for France, and <mask> and Hopper formed the Wilde Flowers, with Kevin Ayers, Richard Sinclair and Brian Hopper. <mask> was initially the drummer in the Wilde Flowers, but following the departure of Ayers, he also became lead singer. Soft Machine and Matching Mole

In 1966, the Wilde Flowers split into two bands—Caravan and the Soft Machine—and <mask>, along with Mike Ratledge, was invited to join Soft Machine by Kevin Ayers and Daevid Allen. <mask> both drummed and shared vocals with Ayers, an unusual combination for a stage rock band.In 1970, after chaotic touring, three albums and increasing internal conflicts in Soft Machine, <mask> released his first solo album, The End of an Ear, which combined his vocal and multi-instrumental talents with tape effects. A year later, after becoming increasingly unhappy about his musical ideas being rejected by the others, <mask> left Soft Machine. He participated in the fusion bigband Centipede, and performed at the JazzFest Berlin's New Violin Summit, a live concert with violinists Jean-Luc Ponty, Don "Sugarcane" Harris, Michał Urbaniak and Nipso Brantner, guitarist Terje Rypdal, keyboardist Wolfgang Dauner and bassist Neville Whitehead, formed his own band Matching Mole (a pun, "machine molle" being French for 'Soft Machine'), a largely instrumental outfit that recorded two albums. Accident
Matching Mole gradually disbanded, and <mask> began

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texts:
 writing material that would eventually appear on his second 'solo' album in Venice. He began to assemble a new band in England to record these numbers, but on 1 June 1973, during a birthday party for Gong's Gilli Smyth and June Campbell Cramer (also known as Lady June) at the latter's Maida Vale home, an inebriated <mask> fell from a fourth-floor window and broke his spine. He was paralysed from the waist down and has used a wheelchair for mobility ever since. On 4 November that year, Pink Floyd performed two benefit concerts, in one day, at London's Rainbow Theatre, supported by Soft Machine, and compered by John Peel.The concerts raised a reported £10,000 for <mask>. In a BBC Radio 4 profile aired in 2012, <mask> revealed that he and his wife Alfreda Benge were also given generous help by friends of Benge's, including supermodel Jean Shrimpton, who gave them a car, and actress Julie Christie, who gave them use of a flat in London, which they subsequently purchased from her. In the same interview, <mask> also observed that, ironically, his accident probably saved his life – although he did not drink at all when he was younger, he quickly fell into a pattern of heavy drinking while touring the US in the late 1960s supporting The Jimi Hendrix Experience, and that he often caroused with heavy-drinking colleagues like Mitch Mitchell, Noel Redding and especially Keith Moon (who introduced him to the practice of alternating shots of tequila and Southern Comfort). By his own estimation, he was an alcoholic by the early 1970s, and he felt that, had the accident not intervened to change his lifestyle, his heavy drinking and reckless behaviour would have eventually killed him. Solo career
The injury led <mask> to abandon the Matching Mole project, and his rock drumming (though he would continue to play drums and

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title: Robert Wyatt

texts: percussion in more of a "jazz" fashion, without the use of his feet). He promptly embarked on a solo career, and with musician friends (including Mike Oldfield, Ivor Cutler and Henry Cow guitarist Fred Frith) released his solo album Rock Bottom on 26 July 1974. The album had been largely composed prior to <mask>'s accident, but during <mask>'s convalescence, he rethought the arrangements to adjust to his new circumstances, and many of the lyrics were completed during this period.The album was met with mostly positive reviews. Two months later <mask> put out a single, a cover version of "I'm a Believer", which hit number 29 in the UK chart. Both were produced by Pink Floyd drummer Nick Mason. There were strong arguments with the producer of Top of the Pops surrounding <mask>'s performance of "I'm a Believer", on the grounds that his use of a wheelchair "was not suitable for family viewing", the producer wanting <mask> to appear on a normal chair. <mask> won the day and "lost his rag but not the wheelchair". A contemporary issue of New Musical Express featured the band (a stand-in acting for Mason), all in wheelchairs, on its cover. <mask> subsequently sang lead vocals on Mason's first solo album Fictitious Sports (1981), a suite of songs composed by American jazz musician Carla Bley.His follow-up single, a reggae ballad remake of Chris Andrews's hit "Yesterday Man", again produced by Mason, was eventually given a low-key release, "the boss at Virgin claiming that single was 'lugubrious', the delay and lack of promotion denting <mask>'s chances of a follow-up hit." <mask>'s next solo album, Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard (1975), produced by <mask> apart from one track produced by Mason, was more jazz-led, with free jazz influences. Guest musicians included Brian Eno on guitar, synthesizer and "direct inject

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title: Robert Wyatt

texts: anti-jazz ray gun". <mask> went on to appear on the fifth release of Eno's Obscure Records label, Jan Steele/John Cage: Voices and Instruments (1976), singing two Cage songs. Throughout the rest of the 1970s <mask> guested with various acts, including Henry Cow (documented on their Concerts album), Hatfield and the North, Carla Bley, Eno, Michael Mantler, and Roxy Music guitarist Phil Manzanera, contributing lead vocals to lead track "Frontera", from Manzanera's 1975 solo debut Diamond Head. In 1976 he was featured vocalist on Mantler's settings of the poems of Edward Gorey, appearing alongside Terje Rypdal (guitar) Carla Bley (piano, clavinet, synthesizer), Steve Swallow (bass) and Jack DeJohnette (drums) on the album The Hapless Child and Other Stories. His solo work during the early 1980s was increasingly politicised, and <mask> became a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain.In 1983, his original version of Elvis Costello and Clive Langer's Falklands War-inspired song "Shipbuilding", which followed a series of political cover-versions (collected as Nothing Can Stop Us), reached number 35 in the UK Singles Chart, having reached number 2 in John Peel's Festive Fifty for 1982-released tracks. In 1984 <mask> provided guest vocals, along with Tracey Thorn and Claudia Figueroa, on "Venceremos (We Will Win)", a song expressing political solidarity with Chilean people suffering under Pinochet's military dictatorship, released as a single by UK soul-jazz dance band Working Week, also included on their debut album released the following year. In 1985 <mask> released Old Rottenhat, his first album of original songs since Rock Bottom. The album featured strongly political songs with relatively sparse arrangements played largely by <mask> alone. In the late 1980s, after collaborations with other acts such as

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title: Robert Wyatt

texts: News from Babel, Scritti Politti, and Japanese recording artist Ryuichi Sakamoto, he and his wife Alfreda Benge spent a sabbatical in Spain, before returning in 1991 with a comeback album Dondestan. His 1997 album Shleep was also praised. In 1999 he collaborated with the Italian singer Cristina Donà on her second album Nido.In the summer of 2000 her first EP Goccia was released and <mask> made an appearance in the video of the title track. <mask> contributed "Masters of the Field", as well as "The Highest Gander", "La Forêt Rouge" and "Hors Champ" to the soundtrack of the 2001 film Winged Migration. He can be seen in the DVD's Special Features section, and is praised by the film's composer Bruno Coulais as being a big influence in his younger days. In June 2001, <mask> was curator of the Meltdown festival, and sang "Comfortably Numb" with David Gilmour at the festival. It was recorded on Gilmour's DVD David Gilmour in Concert. In January 2003, BBC Four broadcast Free Will and Testament, a programme featuring performance footage of <mask> with musicians Ian Maidman, Liam Genockey, Annie Whitehead and Janette Mason, and interviews with John Peel, Brian Eno, Annie Whitehead, Alfie and <mask> himself. Later in 2003, the Mercury Music Prize nominated album Cuckooland was released.In 2004 <mask> collaborated with Björk on the song "Submarine" which was released on her fifth album Medúlla. He sang and played cornet and percussion with David Gilmour on Gilmour's album On an Island, and read passages from the novels of Haruki Murakami for Max Richter's album Songs from Before. In 2006 <mask> collaborated with Steve Nieve and Muriel Teodori on the opera Welcome to the Voice interpreting the character 'the Friend', both singing and playing pocket trumpet. <mask> released Comicopera in October 2007 on Domino Records, who

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title: Robert Wyatt

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 went on to re-release Drury Lane, Rock Bottom, Ruth Is Stranger Than Richard, Nothing Can Stop Us, Old Rottenhat, Dondestan, Shleep, EPs and Cuckooland on CD and vinyl the following year. In 2009 he appeared on the album Around <mask> by the French Orchestre National de Jazz. <mask> was one of the guest editors of BBC Radio 4's Today programme, working on the 1 January 2010 programme. Among other things he advocated greater prominence for amateur choirs, and admitted to a preference for them over professional choirs "because there's a greater sense of commitment and meaning in their singing."October 2014 saw the release of Different Every Time: The Authorised Biography of <mask> by Marcus O'Dair. In promotion of the book <mask> appeared at the Wire "Off the Page" festival in Bristol on 26 September, and at the Queen Elizabeth Hall on 23 November. A companion compilation album, Different Every Time – Ex Machina / Benign Dictatorships was released on 18 November 2014. <mask> performed the soundtrack to Jimmy McGovern's 2014 BBC production, Common. In an interview with Uncut magazine in December 2014, <mask> announced that he had "stopped" making music. He cited age and greater interest in politics as his reasons. In January 2015 <mask>'s biography Different Every Time was featured as BBC Radio 4's Book of the Week, abridged by Katrin Williams and read by Julian Rhind-Tutt.On 16 December 2016 <mask> appeared at the Brighton Dome, with Paul Weller and Danny Thompson, in support of Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn, as the opening instalment of "People Powered: Concerts for Corbyn". It was <mask>'s most recent public appearance. Influence on other artists
The Tears for Fears song "I Believe" from their 1985 album Songs from the Big Chair was originally written by bandmember Roland Orzabal for <mask>, and is

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 dedicated to him. As a further tribute to <mask>, on the B-side of the single, Orzabal performs a cover version of "Sea Song", from the Rock Bottom album. This recording later appeared on the compilation album Saturnine Martial & Lunatic and the remastered versions of Songs from the Big Chair. "Sea Song" was also covered by Rachel Unthank and the Winterset on their 2007 album The Bairns, and The Guardians David Peschek said of the cover: "That’s the best version of that I’ve ever heard". In November 2011, The Unthanks released a live album, The Songs of <mask> and Antony & the Johnsons, and <mask> is quoted on the cover of the album as saying "I love the idea.It makes me happy just thinking about it." Sea Song has also been recently covered by Bonnie Prince Billy on his 2022 album Blind Date Party. Dev Hynes credited <mask>'s album, Old Rottenhat as an influence on the song, "Take Your Time" from Hynes' 2018 album (as Blood Orange), Negro Swan. "Wyatting"
The verb "Wyatting" appeared in some blogs and music magazines to describe the practice of playing unusual tracks, in particular songs from <mask>'s album Dondestan, on a pub jukebox to annoy the other pub goers. <mask> was quoted in 2006 in The Guardian as saying "I think it's really funny" and "I'm very honoured at the idea of becoming a verb." When asked if he would ever try it himself, he said: "I don't really like disconcerting people, but even when I try to be normal I disconcert anyway." However, Alfreda Benge said it made her angry "that <mask> should be used as a means of clever dicks asserting their superiority in pubs ...It's so unlike <mask>, because he's so appreciative of the strengths of pop music. So that, I think, is a real unfairness. The man who coined it, I should like to punch him in the nose." Personal life
<mask> is married to English

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title: Artem Dzyuba

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<mask> (or Artyom<mask> (, ; born 22 August 1988) is a Russian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Zenit Saint Petersburg and the Russia national team for which he is captain. He began his career with Spartak Moscow, debuting in 2006 and making 166 appearances and scoring 38 goals. He also had two loans each at Tom Tomsk and Rostov, winning the 2013–14 Russian Cup with the latter. In 2015, he joined Zenit. He is the record holder for most goals scored in the Russian Premier League with 147. <mask> made his senior international debut for Russia in 2011. He represented the nation at UEFA Euro 2016, the 2018 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 2020.Club career
<mask> was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, on 22 August 1988. His father, Sergey, is from Poltava Oblast, Ukraine and worked as a policeman, while his mother, Svetlana, is from Tsivilsk, Chuvashia and worked at a grocery store in Moscow, where she met his father. He attended Spartak Moscow's football school and started playing for the team's reserves in 2005. In 2006, he first played for the first team in a Russian Cup match against FC Ural, replacing Roman Pavlyuchenko in the 85th minute. He had his first substitute appearance in the Russian Premier League in the 12th round against Saturn Moscow. He had 7 substitute appearances in that season, but did not score. On 7 August 2009, Tom Tomsk signed the striker on loan until December 2009.In the 2013–14 Russian Premier League, <mask> scored 17 goals while loaned to Rostov. In 2015, he was signed for Zenit Saint Petersburg by André Villas-Boas. In the 2015–16 UEFA Champions League, <mask> managed to score a total of six goals in five consecutive matches. On 31 January 2018, he joined Arsenal Tula on loan for the remainder of the 2017–18

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Artem
) Sergeyevich Dzyuba
Dzyuba
Dzyuba
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Dzyuba


title: Artem Dzyuba

texts:
 season. He became the joint top scorer of the 2019–20 Russian Premier League with 17 goals, tied with his teammate Sardar Azmoun. That season he also provide the most assists for a second season in a row. On 25 July 2020, he scored a late penalty to hand Zenit the 2019–20 Russian Cup.On 7 August 2020, he scored the first goal in a 2–1 victory over Lokomotiv Moscow to win the 2020 Russian Super Cup. On 2 May 2021, he scored twice as Zenit secured their third title in a row in a 6–1 victory over second-place FC Lokomotiv Moscow. On the last match day of the 2020–21 league season on 16 May 2021, he scored 4 goals against FC Tambov, bringing his total to 20 and overtaking his teammate Sardar Azmoun (who had 19 goals) as the top goal scorer. On 16 October 2021 in a game against FC Arsenal Tula he scored his 100th goal for Zenit. On 29 October 2021 in a game against FC Dynamo Moscow, he scored his 144th goal in the Russian Premier League, becoming the league's record holder for the number of goals scored. International career

<mask> was a part of the Russia U21 side that was competing in the 2011 European Under-21 Championship qualification. He made his national team debut on 11 November 2011 in a friendly against Greece.He was called up to the provisional squad for UEFA Euro 2012. He was not included on the finalized squad that Dick Advocaat chose for the competition. After the 2014 World Cup, which <mask> also missed with Fabio Capello preferring Aleksandr Kokorin and Aleksandr Kerzhakov instead, he started to be called up regularly during the UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying. He scored his first goal against Liechtenstein on 8 September 2014, his side's final goal in a 4–0 rout of the minnows at the Arena Khimki. Exactly a year later, he scored four goals in a 7–0 win

masks: Dzyuba Dzyuba


title: Artem Dzyuba

texts: over the same opponents in the reverse fixture; he ended the campaign as Russia's top goalscorer with eight goals as they qualified for UEFA Euro 2016. On 11 May 2018, he was included in Russia's extended 2018 FIFA World Cup squad, and on 3 June, he was included in the final edition. He came on as a substitute in the opening game on 14 June and scored the third goal of a 5–0 win over Saudi Arabia.He continued his impressive performance by scoring a goal in the second match that Russia beat Egypt 3–1, sending Russia to the knockout stage for the first time. In the match against Spain in the Round of 16 on 1 July, he converted a penalty minutes before half-time, making the score 1–1. <mask> was then substituted in the second half and Russia eventually won the game 4–3 on penalties. After the retirement of Sergei Ignashevich and Igor Akinfeev from the national team, <mask> became the team's captain. On 9 June 2019, he scored four goals in a UEFA Euro 2020 qualifying match against San Marino which ended in a 9–0 home rout, with Russia recording their biggest ever win while he took his international tally up to 20 goals. On 10 October, he scored his 23rd international goal, overhauling fellow Roman Pavlyuchenko in the tally. On 8 November 2020, <mask> was dropped from the national team ahead of the Nations League matches against Moldova, Turkey, and Serbia, after an explicit video depicting him masturbating leaked and went viral.On 11 May 2021, he was included in the preliminary extended 30-man squad for UEFA Euro 2020. On 2 June 2021, he was included in the final squad. He played the full match in Russia's opening game against Belgium on 12 June 2021 as Russia lost 3–0. He played 83 minutes in Russia's second game against Finland on 16 June 2021 as Russia won 1–0,

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title: Fenner Brockway

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<mask>, <mask> (1 November 1888 – 28 April 1988), was a British socialist politician, humanist campaigner and anti-war activist. Early life and career
<mask> was born to W. G<mask> and Frances Elizabeth Abbey in Calcutta, British India. While attending the School for the Sons of Missionaries, then in Blackheath, London (now Eltham College) from 1897 to 1905 he developed an interest in politics. In 1908 <mask> became a vegetarian. Several decades later, during a debate in a House of Lords on animal cruelty, he said: 'I am a vegetarian and I have been so for 70 years. On the whole, I think, physically I am a pretty good advertisement for that practice.' After leaving school he worked as a journalist for newspapers and journals including The Quiver, the Daily News and the Christian Commonwealth.In 1907, <mask> joined the Independent Labour Party (ILP) and was a regular visitor to the Fabian Society. He was appointed editor of the Labour Leader (the newspaper of the ILP, later called the New Leader) and was, by 1913, a committed pacifist. He opposed sending troops to France during the First World War and, through his position as editor of the Labour Leader, was outspoken in his views about the conflict. On 12 November 1914 he published an appeal for men and women of the military age to join him in forming the No-Conscription Fellowship to campaign against the possibility of the government attempting to introduce conscription in Britain. <mask> acknowledged his wife, <mask>, had the foresight 'that those who intended to refuse military service should band themselves together'. Lila acted as provisional secretary at their cottage in Derbyshire until the beginning of 1915, when the membership had grown so large that it had become necessary to open an office in London. In London, Catherine Marshall became the Fellowship's political secretary since she was adept at political strategy as the Parliamentary Secretary of the National

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. Brockway
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title: Fenner Brockway

texts:
 Union of Women's Suffrage Societies.The No-Conscription Fellowship produced a weekly newspaper The Tribunal that was suppressed; through the activity of Joan Beauchamp it continued production although her refusal to divulge the name of the printer caused her to be charged with contempt of court and held in custody for 10 days. The offices of the Labour Leader were raided in August 1915 and <mask> was charged with publishing seditious material. He pleaded not guilty and was acquitted in court. In 1916 <mask> was again arrested, this time for distributing anti-conscription leaflets. He was fined, and after refusing to pay the fine, was sent to Pentonville Prison for two months. Shortly after his release <mask> was arrested for a third time for his refusal to be conscripted, after being denied recognition as a conscientious objector. He was handed over to the Army and court-martialled for disobeying orders.As if a traitor, he was held for a night in the Tower of London, in a dungeon under Chester Castle and in Walton Prison, Liverpool, where he edited an unofficial newspaper, the Walton Leader for conscientious objectors in the prison. This led to his being disciplined, which in turn led to a 10-day prison strike by conscientious objectors before he was transferred to Lincoln Jail, where he spent some time in solitary confinement until finally released in 1919. In October 1950 he revisited the jail with Éamon de Valera, the Irish statesman. Following his release he became an active member of the India League, which advocated Indian independence. He became secretary of the ILP in 1923 and later its chairman. Years later, the Government of India honoured him with the third highest civilian award of the Padma Bhushan in 1989. Political activities, 1924–1935
<mask> stood for Parliament several times, including at Lancaster in 1922 and against Winston Churchill at Westminster Abbey in a 1924 by-election.In 1926, he became the first

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title: Fenner Brockway

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 chairperson of War Resisters' International, serving in this post until 1934. <mask> was a member of the League against Imperialism created in Brussels in 1927. At the 1929 general election, he was elected as the Member of Parliament for Leyton East as a Labour Party candidate. He polled 11,111 votes and, immediately after the election, the Liberal candidate announced that <mask> had converted him to socialism. His convictions brought him into difficulties with the Labour Party. He was also outspoken in Parliament, and was once "named" (suspended) by the Speaker while demanding a debate on India at Prime Minister's Questions. In 1931 <mask> lost his seat and the following year he disaffiliated from the Labour Party along with the rest of the ILP.He stood unsuccessfully for the ILP in the 1934 Upton by-election (Upton was a division of West Ham), placed a remote third with only a 3.5% share of the votes cast, and in Norwich in the 1935 election. He also wrote a book on the arms trade, The Bloody Traffic, published by Gollancz Ltd in 1934. According to David Howell, after 1932 <mask> "sought to articulate a socialism distinct from the pragmatism of Labour and the Stalinism of the Communist Party". In <mask>'s science fiction novel, Purple Plague (1935), a sea liner is quarantined for a decade as a result of a plague. An egalitarian society emerges. Spanish Civil War
Despite his previous pacifist commitment, he resigned from War Resisters' International, explaining:

He assisted in the recruitment of British volunteers to fight the fascist forces of Francisco Franco in Spain through the ILP Contingent. He sailed to Calais in Feb 1937 and was believed to have been destined for Spain.Among those who went to Spain was Eric Blair (better known as George Orwell) and it is known that <mask> wrote a letter of recommendation for Blair to present to the ILP representatives in Barcelona. Following the Spanish Civil War, he advocated

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title: Fenner Brockway

texts:
 public understanding of the conflict. He wrote a number of articles about the conflict and was influential in getting Orwell's Homage to Catalonia published. Notwithstanding his support for British participation in the Second World War, he served as Chair of the Central Board for Conscientious Objectors throughout the war, and continued to serve as Chair until his death. He also sought to re-enter Parliament, unsuccessfully contesting wartime by-elections for the ILP at Lancaster in 1941 and Cardiff East in 1942. After the Second World War

In May 1946, <mask> toured the British occupation zone in Germany as an accredited war correspondent, meeting German socialists and reporting on living conditions there; he wrote about the visit in German Diary, published by the Left Book Club. <mask> appeared in Hitler's Black Book that contained a list of British subjects and residents who would have been subject to arrest had the Nazi's successfully invaded the UK.The contents of the book was not publicly known until after the Second World War. <mask> later rejoined the Labour Party. After the 1950 general election he returned to the House of Commons, following an absence of over 18 years, as the MP for Eton and Slough. In 1951, he was one of the four founders of the charity War on Want, which fights global poverty. He helped establish the Congress of Peoples Against Imperialism (est. 1945), an organisation he continued to work with throughout the 1950s. His activities there included protesting against the response of the government to the Mau Mau Uprising in the British Kenya Colony.In this area, he was a part of the larger Movement for Colonial Freedom. From the late 1950s he regularly proposed legislation in Parliament to ban racial discrimination, only to be defeated each time. He strongly opposed the use or possession of nuclear weapons by any nation and was a founding member of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. On 18 July

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title: Fenner Brockway

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 1961, <mask> was chosen by Speaker Harry Hylton-Foster to ask the first question at the very first Prime Minister's Questions in the current format. <mask> was a prominent member of the British Humanist Association and South Place Ethical Society where he became an Appointed Lecturer during the 1960s. He gave the 1986 Conway Memorial Lecture on 21 May 1986. The Lecture was titled M D Conway: His Life and Message For Today and was chaired by Michael Foot.The Brockway Room at Conway Hall in London is named after him. House of Lords
He narrowly lost his seat in the House of Commons at the 1964 election, despite the national swing to Labour at that election, as he was portrayed by his opponents as being the principal cause of immigrants from the West Indies settling in Slough. He subsequently was created a life peer on 17 December 1964 taking the title <mask>, of Eton and of Slough in the County of Buckingham, and took a seat in the House of Lords. Last years
<mask> continued to campaign for world peace and was for several years the chairman of the Movement for Colonial Freedom. Other important posts held by him include the Presidency of the British Council for Peace in Vietnam, and membership of the Advisory Council of the British Humanist Association. The World Disarmament Campaign was founded by <mask> in 1979, together with Philip Noel-Baker, to work for the implementation of the policies agreed at the 1978 Special Session on Disarmament of the UN General Assembly. <mask> died on 28 April 1988, aged 99.He was some six months shy of his centenary. <mask> had been twice married: firstly in 1914 (divorced 1945) to Lilla, daughter of the Rev. W. Harvey-Smith; secondly in 1946 to Edith Violet King. By his first marriage, he had four daughters, and by his second, he had a son. Writings
While he was in prison, <mask> met the prominent peace activist Stephen Henry Hobhouse, and in 1922 they co-authored English prisons to-day: being

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title: Fenner Brockway

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 the report of the Prison system enquiry committee, a devastating critique of the English prison system which resulted in a wave of prison reform that has continued to this day. <mask> wrote over twenty other books on politics and four volumes of autobiography. 1915 The devil's business; a play and its justification
 1915 Is Britain blameless?1916 Socialism for pacifists
 1918? All about the I.L.P. 1919 The recruit: a play in one act
 1927 A week in India
 1928 A new way with crime
 1930 The Indian crisis
 1931 Hands off the railmen's wages! 1932 Hungry England
 1933 The bloody traffic
 1934 Will Roosevelt succeed? A study of Fascist tendencies in America
 1935 Purple Plague: A Tale of Love and Revolution (fiction)
 1937 The truth about Barcelona
 1938 Pacifism and the left wing
 1938 Workers' Front
 1940 Socialism can defeat Nazism: together with Who were the friends of fascism, with John McNair
 1942 The way out
 1942 Inside the left; thirty years of platform, press, prison and Parliament
 1942? The C.O. and the community
 1944 Death pays a dividend, with Frederic Mullally
 1946 German diary
 1946 Socialism over sixty years: the life of Jowett of Bradford (1864–1944)
 1949 Bermondsey story; the life of Alfred Salter
 1953?Why Mau Mau? : an analysis and a remedy
 1963 Outside the right; a sequel to 'Inside the left., with George Bernard Shaw
 1963 African socialism
 1967 This shrinking explosive world: a study of race relations
 1973 The colonial revolution
 1977 Towards tomorrow: the autobiography of <mask> <mask>
 1980 Britain's first socialists: the Levellers, Agitators, and Diggers of the English Revolution
 1984 Bombs in Hyde Park? 1986 98 not out

Tributes
His life and legacy are celebrated in his old constituency of Slough with the now annual FennerFest''', a community arts and culture festival. A statue of <mask> stands at the entrance to Red Lion Square Park in Holborn, London; it was funded by many involved in the

masks: Brockway Fenner Brockway Brockway


title: Fenner Brockway

texts:
 Commonwealth independence movements he supported and was expected to be unveiled after his death. However, he achieved such longevity that it was likely that the original Planning Permission to erect it would run out, causing problems to renew the process. It was decided to ask him to unveil it, he being one of the few private individuals, as opposed to Heads of State to do so. It was damaged (an arm was broken off) by a falling tree in the Great Storm of 1987.The refurbished and insured statue was installed shortly after his death. A close in the town of Newport in southern Wales is named after him. See also
 List of peace activists

References

Further reading
 <mask>, Fenner Inside the Left: Thirty Years of Platform, Press, Prison and Parliament'', London: George Allen and Unwin, 1942 [reprint: Spokesman, 2010]. External links
<mask> Brockway: 1960 Racial Discrimination Bill UK Parliament Living Heritage
 Papers of <mask> <mask> at the Churchill Archives Centre

 Biography at Peace Pledge Union
 <mask> <mask> talking in 1981 about his early involvement with socialism

1888 births
1988 deaths
Anti-war activists
British anti-war activists
British conscientious objectors
British humanists
British pacifists
British people of the Spanish Civil War
Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament activists
English anti-fascists
English socialists
European democratic socialists
Government and politics of Slough
Independent Labour Party MPs
Independent Labour Party National Administrative Committee members
Labour Party (UK) life peers
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Members of the Executive of the Labour and Socialist International
People educated at Eltham College
People from Slough
Place of death missing
Politicians from Kolkata
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in public affairs
UK MPs 1929–1931
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
UK MPs 1955–1959
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs who were granted

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title: Susan B. Neuman

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<mask> is an educator, researcher, and education policy-maker in early childhood and literacy development. In 2013, she became Professor of Early Childhood and Literacy Education, and Chair of the Department of Teaching and Learning at NYU's Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development. Neuman previously served as Assistant Secretary of Elementary and Secondary Education in the US Department of Education during the George W. <mask> Administration and was primarily responsible for initial implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act. Neuman has written or edited 12 books and has written more than 100 peer-reviewed articles on topics such as media literacy, early childhood literacy education and curriculum, family literacy, parent education, and education policy. She has been co-editor of the Journal of Literacy Research, and serves on several editorial boards, including Reading Research Quarterly, Reading Teacher, and Journal of Literacy Research. Neuman has directed or been actively involved with numerous early literacy research organizations and state and national projects. She has received many awards and honors for her research and public service.Neuman's most recent professional endeavors have been directed towards improving the quality of early childhood education services in disadvantaged communities and promoting principles of educational initiatives to help children living in poverty. Education
Neuman graduated from American University in Washington, DC with a BA in religion and philosophy in 1968. She earned her teaching certification in 1969 from University of California, Berkeley. In 1974, Neuman received an MA in Reading Supervision and Administration from California State University, Hayward and an EdD from the University of the Pacific (United States) in Stockton, California in 1977. Neuman was recently awarded an honorary doctoral degree from California State University, Hayward in 2002.

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title: Susan B. Neuman

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 Career

California/Connecticut
After receiving her BA and teacher certification, Neuman began her professional career in California as a first grade teacher. She later worked as a Title I reading teacher and resource teacher while earning her MA in Reading Supervision and Administration from California State University, Hayward.After receiving her doctorate in education from University of the Pacific in Stockton, California, Neuman taught and conducted research as an associate professor from 1979 to 1986 at Eastern Connecticut State University in Willimantic, Connecticut. During this time, she also taught as visiting faculty at Yale University in New Haven, CT.

Massachusetts
From 1984 to 1986, Neuman was a Senior Research Associate for the Educational Development Center (EDC) in Newton, Massachusetts. EDC is a nonprofit organization that designs, delivers and evaluates innovative programs to address urgent challenges in education, health and economic opportunity. While at EDC, Neuman worked on a US Department of Education field-based project focused on the use of microcomputers to facilitate writing development in learning disabled children. She also taught and conducted research as an associate professor at University of Massachusetts Lowell from 1984 to 1990. Philadelphia
In 1990, <mask>an became an associate professor of Curriculum, Instruction and Technology in Education and Coordinator of the Reading and Language Arts Graduate Program at Temple University in Philadelphia, PA. Her research agenda addressed numerous issues in early literacy and childhood education, including effective instructional practices, literacy as a cultural tool in play, family literacy, and parent education.In addition, Neuman worked with the William Penn Foundation in Philadelphia, as well as the Philadelphia Public Library system to implement and evaluate projects aimed at improving access to books/media in disadvantaged communities (see section on Major Topics of


title: Susan B. Neuman

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 Research below). Michigan
In 2000, Neuman joined the College of Education faculty at University of Michigan at Ann Arbor as Professor of Educational Studies. There, she also served as Director of Dissemination and National Leadership for the Center for the Improvement of Early Reading Achievement (CIERA), succeeding Elfrieda "Freddy" Hiebert as the director, an educational research organization funded through the US Department of Education. Headquartered at the University of Michigan, CIERA was a consortium of university researchers, teacher educators, teachers, publishers of texts, tests, and technology, professional organizations, schools and school districts across the United States. CIERA's mission was "to improve the reading achievement of America's children by generating and disseminating theoretical, empirical, and practical solutions to persistent problems in the learning and teaching of beginning reading." As director, Neuman worked to bring CIERA's message to a broad range of audiences in education, government and policymaking. Washington, DC
Neuman took a two-year hiatus from her professorship at University of Michigan when she was named US Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education in 2001 by President George W. <mask>.In her role as US Assistant Secretary, Neuman managed the Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, served as the principal adviser to the secretary of education on all matters related to elementary and secondary education, and initiated implementation of the No Child Left Behind Act. As US Assistant Secretary, Neuman was primarily responsible for directing, coordinating and recommending policy and funding for programs designed to assist state and local agencies to improve achievement of students K to 12. A primary focus of this office is to expand educational opportunities and excellence for all children, particularly those who are educationally or economically disadvantaged, and to increase school


title: Susan B. Neuman

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 accountability for students’ educational progress nationwide. Neuman held this office from 2001 to 2003, during which time she established the Reading First program and the Early Reading First program, and was responsible for all activities in Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. During her tenure with the US Department of Education, Neuman also established the Early Childhood Professional Development Education Program. The purpose of this program is to promote young children's school readiness and learning outcomes by providing high quality, professional development for early childhood educators and caregivers working in poverty-stricken communities. In 2003, Neuman resigned from her position as US Assistant Secretary and returned to academic life as a professor and researcher.She was a visiting professor at University of Georgetown at the Center on Health and Education, an organization that focused on ways to help realize health equity and achieve educational excellence worldwide. Michigan
Later in 2003, <mask>an returned to her position at University of Michigan to teach and conduct research as a full-time Professor of Educational Studies. Dr. Neuman's current projects include evaluation of the Every Child Ready to Read, a program designed to provide public libraries with vital tools to help prepare parents for their critical role as their child's first teacher. She is also involved with the University of Michigan Ready to Learn Project. This project focuses on developing and assessing scientifically based literacy curricula for use in early childhood (pre-K and K) classrooms, online education for teachers and care providers, and resources for parents and families. Major topics of research

Media and literacy

The role of media and language/literacy development has been an early and ongoing topic of <mask>an's research. During the 1980s, Neuman conducted several studies that explored the impact of television on listening,

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Susan Neum


title: Susan B. Neuman

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 between media and learning to other early literacy projects and research over the course of her career. She has incorporated multimedia resources and technologies into preschool and professional development curricula to provide a "360 degree surround" of information for early childhood education programs.In Multimedia and Literacy Development: Improving Achievement for Young Readers, Neuman and co-editor Adriana <mask>, provided an updated synthesis of evidence-based research that documents young readers’ experiences with evolving multimedia materials. This research suggests how new features of media might enhance children's ability to understand stories and gain in independent reading. Access to books and media resources
Neuman saw the potential for newly evolving media as means to support young children's literacy development and close the knowledge-gap for disadvantaged students with limited opportunities for enriched experiences. However, rapidly expanding technology along with limited access to both technology-based and traditional print resources threatens to further widen the knowledge divide for many of these children. While at Temple University, Neuman and research associate, Donna Celano, conducted a study that revealed the drastic inequities in available print resources for children in four different Philadelphia communities. Children in low-income areas were dependent on public institutions for access to print, yet libraries in these areas offered impoverished physical resources and limited access to books and technology as compared with libraries in more affluent areas. Similarly, day-care centers that served disadvantaged communities provided a caring environment for children, but were lacking in print-rich materials and staff expertise in early literacy development.Neuman engaged in several local projects and research initiatives aimed at increasing access to print and technology in disadvantaged communities of Philadelphia. Two


title: Susan B. Neuman

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 during the early years of life, Neuman has been a strong proponent of intensive, content-rich preschool instruction that fosters essential links between vocabulary/language, concepts, and content area learning. Neuman states that within content-rich settings, "early literacy skills serve children's developing thirst for knowledge and greater understanding."While emphasizing the importance of literacy and content area goals for early childhood programs, Neuman insists that national and state educational reform initiatives need to encourage school readiness through developmentally appropriate practices. Neuman warns that "nonsensical" skill-and-drill approaches to learning focus on a small set of procedural skills within activities disconnected from the real purposes of literacy. As architects of the foundations for later learning, early childhood educators need to provide at-risk children with a "great infusion of knowledge" developed through words, meanings and a network of concepts that connect them to real world experiences. Neuman argues that if we are to close the achievement gap for at-risk children in the US, educators and policymakers must be committed to creating intensive, high-quality programs anchored in best practice for early childhood education

Changing the odds: Breaking the cycle of poverty
<mask>an stated that the major lesson she learned from her experiences as administrator of the NCLB was, "Poverty trumps all". She observed that in the face of overwhelming disadvantages of children living in poverty, extensive school-based educational reforms can only hope to marginally close the achievement gap for these youngsters. In her two books, Changing the Odds for Children At Risk  and Educating the Other America, she advocated for a "broader, bolder approach" to comprehensive reform that encompasses not only education, but coordinated social and health services for children and families living in poverty-stricken communities. Neuman


title: Susan B. Neuman

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 derived essential principles for this approach from an extensive review of highly effective programs that were consistently "changing the odds" for young, at-risk children.Effective programs target children and families who evidence multiple-risk factors associated with poverty and provide early intervention efforts during the preschool years. Services need to "invest in two generations at a time", both parents and child, and coordinate delivery of critical health, education and social services across disciplines so that children arrive at school healthy and able to learn. Neuman further argues that intensive, compensatory services need to be provided by highly trained professionals with an eye toward accountability and continuous monitoring children's progress and program improvement. Neuman insists that only through this "broader, bolder approach" can we break the cycle of poverty so that at-risk children can learn, achieve and succeed. Dr. Neuman's personal mission to "change the odds" is reflected in her current research efforts toward designing quality preschool curriculum and professional development initiatives for early childhood programs in disadvantaged communities. Moreover, through her determination and dedication to bringing this positive, yet urgent message to a national level of awareness and action, <mask>an makes a significant contribution to the field of early literacy education as well as society. Awards and honors
2003 Distinguished Alumni Award for Public Service, University of the Pacific, Stockton,CA
2003 Named by Choice magazine, "Outstanding Academic Titles for 2002: Handbook on Early Literacy Research - II.Edited by S. B. <mask> & D. K. Dickinson.NY: Guilford Press, 2003. 2002 Honorary Doctorate, California State University, Hayward
2000–2003 Elected to Board of Directions, International Reading Association
2001 Recipient of Dina Feitelson Research Award, International Reading Association
2002 Early Childhood Educator of

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