title: Waldtraut Lewin

texts:
<mask> (8 January 1937 – 20 May 2017) was a German writer, dramaturge and stage director. Life
Waldtraut <mask> was born in Wernigerode, a small town on the northeastern flank of the Harz Mountains, roughly equidistant between Hanover and Leipzig. Her mother was a singer. On leaving school she enrolled at the Humboldt University of Berlin where till 1961 she studied Germanistics, Latin and Theatre studies. She worked between 1961 and 1973 as a music-dramaturge and stage director at the Regional Theatre (as it was then known) in Halle, in a team that also included Horst-Tanu Margraf and Rudolf Heinrich. Her daughter Miriam Margraf, subsequently notable in her own right as an author and music critic, was born during this period in 1964. Another achievement during the time she worked in Halle involved the translation of the libretti of sixteen Handel operas from Italian.She was awarded the city's Handel Prize in 1970. <mask> moved in 1973 to the Rostock People's Theatre, taking a position as an opera producer and chief dramaturge for music theatre. Between 1977 and 1979 she wrote the libretto for Rosa Laub, East Germany's first rock opera, which had its premier at Rostock, although by this time <mask> was no longer among the theatre's permanent staff, having turned freelance in 1977. She published her first novel in 1973. "Herr Lucius und sein Schwarzer Schwan" is, like many of her subsequent books, an historical novel. Her next book, also an historical novel, was Die Ärztin von Lakros, and appeared in 1977. The focus of her professional career was as a freelance author after 1977.Her own website, consulted shortly after her death, stated that she had

masks:
Waldtraut Lewin
Lewin
Lewin
Lewin


title: Waldtraut Lewin

type: original

texts: published around 70 titles, including twelve written jointly with her daughter. There were several biographies, notably of George Frideric Handel and of Julius Caesar. As her writing career progressed she increasingly specialised in works for younger adults and teenagers. There were also radio plays, libretti, and screen plays. Her published translations took in works previously accessible in French, Russian or Italian. <mask> <mask> died in May 2017 in Berlin. She had celebrated her 80th birthday "still in good health, in Israel" a few months earlier.During the closing days of the East German dictatorship officers of the Ministry for State Security (Stasi) took frantic steps to destroy the records that the ministry had accumulated during the previous forty years. Angry protesters took steps to prevent the destruction of the records, which were believed to evidence forty years of domestic espionage by a principal East German government agency devoted to controlling and monitoring people in the name of "security". The Stasi were diligent in their record keeping: there were a lot of files. Many survived. It is not known how many were destroyed. The Stasi files are preserved by the Stasi Records Agency, headquartered in Berlin, accessible to scholars, journalists and others interested. Search of the Stasi archives disclosed that Between 1975 and November 1988 Waldtraut <mask> was one of several hundred thousand Stasi informers.The code name by which she is identified in Stasi files is "IM Wald". A sympathetic commentator observes dryly in an obituary piece that Waldtraut <mask> would undoubtedly have been able to come up with a better code name for

masks: Waldtraut Lewin Lewin Lewin


title: Waldtraut Lewin

texts:
 herself, had she been invited to do so. The same commentator quotes another sympathetic source insisting that it abundantly is clear from the thick Stasi files on Waldtraut <mask> that no one suffered damage because of her reports on them. Nevertheless, a number of major publishers stopped publishing her works after receiving reports of her Stasi connections. Personal
Both Waldtraut <mask>'s children, Miriam Margraf and Niklas <mask>, are writers. Awards and honours (selection)

 1978 Lion Feuchtwanger Prize by the Academy of Arts, Berlin (East Germany)
 1981  (Listeners' prize, 3rd place)
 1981 East German children's radio play prize (Critics' prize)
 1984 East German children's radio play prize (Listeners' prize, 2nd place)
 1988 East German children's radio play prize (Listeners' prize, 2nd place)
 1988 National Prize of the German Democratic Republic for literature, 2nd class
 1989 East German children's radio play prize (Critics' prize)
 2000 Bad Harzburg Youth Literature prize

Output (selection)

 Herr Lucius und sein schwarzer Schwan (1973)
  Die Ärztin von Lakros (1977)
 Katakomben und Erdbeeren (1977)
 Die stillen Römer (1979)
 Gaius Julius Caesar (1980)
 Viktoria von jenseits des Zauns. Drei Märchen um die Liebe (1981).Als E-Book 2011, EditionDigital
 Der Sohn des Adlers, des Müllmanns und der häßlichsten Frau der Welt (1981). Als E-Book 2011, EditionDigital
 Garten fremder Herren. 10 Tage Sizilien (1982)
 Vom Eulchen und der Dunkelheit (1982)
 Kuckucksrufe und Ohrfeigen (1983)
 Federico (1984), bei Freese:
 Georg Friedrich Händel (with Hannah M. Margraf, 1984)
 Waterloo liegt in Belgien (1985)
 Villa im Regen. Impressionen aus der

masks: Lewin Lewin Lewin


title: Francis Hastings, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon

texts:
<mask>, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon, KG (151420 June 1561) was the eldest son of George Hastings, 1st Earl of Huntingdon and Anne Stafford, Countess of Huntingdon, the ex-mistress of Henry VIII. His maternal first cousins included Henry Stafford, 1st Baron Stafford and Henry Radclyffe, 2nd Earl of Sussex. He was born in Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Leicestershire. He was tutored by John Leland during his youth. His mother, Anne Stafford, Countess of Huntingdon had an affair with Henry VIII in 1510, the discovery of which led her husband to remove her to a convent and her brother to leave court in a rage, refusing to stay under Henry's roof. As late as 1513, Anne was the courtier who received the second most expensive New Year's gift from Henry, indicating that their relationship continued until then. However, there are no contemporary references to the possibility of <mask> being an illegitimate son of the Tudor monarch.His father was created the first Earl of Huntingdon by Henry VIII of England on 3 November 1529. He was awarded stewardship over two abbeys in 1530. Marriage and children
<mask> married Katherine Pole (151923 September 1576) on 25 June 1532. She was a daughter of Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu and Jane Neville. Henry Pole was the oldest son of Sir Richard Pole and Lady Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George of York, Duke of Clarence and his wife Lady Isabel, Duchess of Clarence. Jane was in turn a daughter of George Neville, 5th Baron Bergavenny and Margaret, daughter of Hugh Fenn. They had eleven children:
Frances Anne Hastings (1533–1574).Married Henry Compton, 1st Baron Compton and was mother of William Compton, 1st Earl

masks:
Francis Hastings
Francis
Francis


texts:
 of Northampton. Henry Hastings, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon (153614 December 1595). William Hastings (born 1537). George Hastings, 4th Earl of Huntingdon (15403 December 1604). Sir Edward Hastings (1541–1603?). Married Barbara Devereux, daughter of Sir William Devereux and Jane Scudamore. Her paternal grandfather was Walter Devereux, 1st Viscount Hereford.She was the sole heir of both her father and her previous husband Edward Cayce. Her considerable inheritance included Leicester Abbey. <mask> Hastings, 12th Earl of Huntingdon and all subsequent Earls of Huntingdon are descended in the paternal line from Edward. Catherine Hastings (11 August 154222 September 1576). Married Henry Clinton, 2nd Earl of Lincoln and was mother of Thomas Clinton, 3rd Earl of Lincoln. Walter Hastings (154420 August 1616). Married Joyce Roper.Elizabeth Hastings (c. 154624 August 1621). Married Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester. Anne Hastings (born 1548). <mask> (c. 155026 September 1610). Married Maud Longford. Mary Hastings (born 1552) (ru) – Ivan the Terrible's potential bride. The 1583 Russian Embassy to discuss the marriage was unsuccessful.Political career
He seems to have gained some favour and was created a Knight of the Bath in 1533. His father died on 24 March 1544 and <mask> succeeded as the 2nd Earl of Huntingdon. At the coronation of Edward VI of England on 20 February 1547, Huntingdon carried St. Edward's staff and took a prominent part in the jousting competition held in celebration of the event. He was a political supporter of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland during the protectorate of Edward Seymour, 1st Duke of Somerset. He was the one to lead

masks:
Hans Francis
Francis Hastings
Francis


texts: Somerset to the Tower of London for his imprisonment on 13 October 1549. He was rewarded with a creation as a Knight of the Garter before the end of that day, alongside George Brooke, 9th Baron Cobham, Thomas West, 9th Baron De La Warr and William Herbert, 1st Earl of Pembroke. The Kingdom of England was at this point at war with Scotland and France, under Mary, Queen of Scots and King Henry II, respectively.<mask> was named Lieutenant General of the army and Chief Captain of the fleet in a campaign against Boulogne-sur-Mer. His complaining about the lack of sufficient funding and equipment for his campaign was probably justified. The campaign led however to the signing of the Peace of Boulogne. According to its terms all English claims were forfeit in exchange for 400,000 crowns. The British forces accordingly withdrew from Boulogne and all hostilities ceased for a time. After this reasonable success for Huntingdon, Northumberland was able to provide his supporter with a membership in the Privy council. He accompanied Edward VI in 1552 and Northumberland in 1553 during their respective travels in English territory away from London.He probably enjoyed the trust of both at the time. In 1553, Huntingdon was further awarded with several estates in Leicestershire which were previously held by John Beaumont. Beaumont had been attainted and was by then deceased. Huntingdon generously allowed the widow of Beaumont to keep their family manor in Grace-Dieu where further members of this family would survive. On 21 May 1553, his eldest son Henry married Katherine Dudley, the youngest daughter of their ally Northumberland. Huntingdon was among the nobles


texts:
 who signed the document proclaiming Lady Jane Grey heir of Edward VI. Jane was married to Lord Guildford Dudley, son to Northumberland and brother-in-law of Henry Hastings.<mask> probably held high hopes for his son under the new reign. He was among the supporters of Jane in her brief reign (1019 July 1553) but this reign ended in revolt in favour of her cousin Mary I of England. <mask> was arrested and incarcerated in the Tower of London. He was released in January 1554 and immediately assigned to locate and arrest the rebellious Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk, father of Jane Grey. He was successful and led Suffolk to the Tower for his incarceration. He was present for the execution of Thomas Wyatt the younger (on 11 April 1554). Hastings was a nephew by marriage of Cardinal Reginald Pole who was a favourite of Mary I and briefly Archbishop of Canterbury (1554–1558).This connection allowed him to avoid persecution for his Protestantism. Mary died in 1558 and was succeeded by the Protestant Elizabeth I. In 1555 he had completed the building of a huge Manor house at Stoke Poges, four miles to the North of Windsor Castle. He died in 1562 and was buried in St Helen's Church, Ashby-de-la-Zouch where his alabaster monument still exists in the Hastings Chapel. He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son Henry two years later. References

External links
A biography article on him

|-

1514 births
1561 deaths
Lord-Lieutenants of Derbyshire
Lord-Lieutenants of Leicestershire
People from Ashby-de-la-Zouch
Knights of the Garter
16th-century English nobility
Knights of the Bath
<mask>, 02nd Earl of Huntingdon
2
Barons Hastings
Barons Botreaux
Barons

masks:
Huntingdon
Huntingdon
Francis Hastings


title: Sir Hereward Wake, 13th Baronet

texts:
Major-general Sir <mask>, 13th Baronet,  (11 February 1876 – 4 August 1963) was a British Army officer. Born into an historic and noble family, he joined the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) as a second lieutenant in 1897. He served on the staff during the Second Boer War, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Order. During the First World War, he served again as a staff officer with the British Expeditionary Force. In 1917 he was promoted to the temporary rank of brigadier-general and appointed to the secretariat of the Supreme War Council (SWC). Wake led E Branch, responsible for advising the British military representative, General Sir Henry Wilson on enemy strength and supply. Wake's unit predicted the 1918 German spring offensive but countermeasures recommended by the SWC were ignored by the British commander-in-chief Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig.Towards the end of the war Wake predicted that Germany would remain the predominant military power in Europe. After the war, Wake returned to his regiment and commanded its 4th battalion in British India. He was made an aide-de-camp to George V and promoted to major-general. Wake afterwards commanded the 12th Infantry Brigade and the 46th (North Midland) Division. Wake retired from the army in 1937 but maintained links, being appointed to the honorary role of colonel-commandant of the KRRC, and later chairing the Northamptonshire Territorial Army Association. During the Second World War, he commanded the county's Local Defence Volunteers, and was colonel-commandant of the 1st battalion of the Northamptonshire Army Cadet Force. He also held non-military roles as a Deputy Lieutenant and High Sheriff of Northamptonshire.He had an interest in history, was a member of the Northamptonshire Record Society and campaigned for the restoration of abandoned ironstone quarries in the county. Early life
<mask> Wake was born in

masks:
Hereward Wake
Hereward


title: Sir Hereward Wake, 13th Baronet

texts:
 London on 11 February 1876, the eldest son of Sir <mask> Wake, 12th Baronet. The Wake family, owners of the manor of Courteenhall since 1672, claim descent from the Anglo-Saxon noble, <mask> the Wake, who led an armed opposition in East Anglia to the 1066 Norman conquest. This may have been an attempt to improve the family's English provenance in the 14th century, and it seems more likely the Wakes were descended from a 12th-century Norman immigrant. <mask> Wake was educated at Eton College. Military career

Boer War
Wake attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst from 1896, and after graduating, he was appointed a second lieutenant in the King's Royal Rifle Corps (KRRC) on 17 March 1897. Wake served in South Africa during the Second Boer War from 4 November 1899.He was seconded to the staff on 13 March 1900, by which time he had been promoted to the rank of lieutenant. Wake was aide-de-camp to the Commander-in-Chief of British Forces in South Africa (initially Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts, later Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener) from 18 March 1900 to 1 March 1901. Wake saw action at the Battle of Colenso (15 December 1899), Battle of Spion Kop (23–24 January 1900), Battle of the Tugela Heights (14–27 February 1900) and the Relief of Ladysmith (1 March 1900). He was wounded in action during the war and was also twice mentioned in dispatches (on 3 February and 9 March 1900). Wake was awarded the Distinguished Service Order on 29 November 1900 and, during this war, also received the Royal Humane Society's bronze medal for the saving of life. Also serving on Roberts' staff in South Africa was Major Henry Wilson, with whom Wake would be associated in his later career. Later in the war Wake commanded a company on operations in the Orange Free State, the Colony of Natal, the South African Republic and Cape Colony.Wake was appointed to the supernumerary

masks: Hereward Hereward Hereward


title: Sir Hereward Wake, 13th Baronet

texts:
 and Courteenhall Branch of the Royal British Legion and presented them with a wooden hut to host their meetings. Later career
Wake commanded 4th battalion, KRRC in British India from 1920 to 1923, was appointed an aide-de-camp to George V on 5 December 1930, then promoted to major-general on 23 May 1932. He commanded the 12th Infantry Brigade until placed on half pay on 23 August 1932. He returned to service on 1 April 1934 as commander of the Territorial Army's 46th (North Midland) Division, by this time he had also been appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath. Retiring from the army on 11 February 1937, on 20 January 1938, he became colonel-commandant of the KRRC, an honorary and ceremonial role. During the Second World War, Wake chaired the Northamptonshire Territorial Army Association and commanded the Northamptonshire Local Defence Volunteers. He was general officer commanding of the Northern Home Guard from 1940 to 1943.On 5 May 1942, Wake was appointed the first colonel-commandant of 1st battalion, Northamptonshire Army Cadet Force (this unit is now A Company of the Leicestershire, Northamptonshire and Rutland Army Cadet Force). Wake co-authored Swift and Bold, a history of the KRRC in the Second World War, published in 1949. Personal life and other interests

Wake married Margaret Winifred Benson, the daughter of banker and art collector Robin Benson, at St George's Hanover Square Church, Westminster, on 30 October 1912. The Wakes lived at their ancestral home, Courteenhall House. They had seven children, including <mask> Wake who also served in the KRRC. One of their daughters, Diana Wake, was killed in a riding accident at Bicester Hunt Races on 11 March 1950, another married the son of Major-General Guy Dawnay. Wake inherited the baronetcy (as 13th baronet) upon his father's death in 1916.He was appointed as a deputy lieutenant for


title: Yuwen Shu

texts:
<mask> (宇文述; died 616), courtesy name Botong (伯通), formally Duke Gong of Xu (許恭公), was a Chinese military general and politician during the Sui Dynasty. He was a confidant of Emperor Yang (Yang Guang) and was instrumental in Yang Guang's displacement of his brother Yang Yong as crown prince; therefore, after Yang Guang became emperor, <mask> became exceedingly powerful and was one of two generals who spearheaded Yangdi's efforts in the Goguryeo-Sui Wars. His son <mask>i later led a coup against Emperor Yang in 618 and, after killing Emperor Yang, briefly claimed imperial title in 619, but was soon captured and killed. Another son of <mask>, <mask>, however, was a friend of Tang Dynasty's founder Li Yuan (Emperor Gaozu), and after Li Yuan established Tang remained an influential official. Background
Yuwen <mask>'s ancestors were originally named Poyetou (破野頭) and were ethnically Xianbei. As they became followers of the Yuwen branch of the Xianbei, their names were named to Yuwen. His great-great-grandfather Yuwen Juyudun (宇文侰與敦), great-grandfather <mask> (宇文長壽), and grandfather <mask> (宇文孤) all served under Northern Wei as army officers at Woye Garrison (沃野, in modern Bayan Nur, Inner Mongolia).<mask> <mask>'s father <mask> Sheng (宇文盛) was a general under Northern Zhou and eventually served as the minister of imperial clan affairs, one of the six main ministers under Northern Zhou's six-department governmental structure. It is not known when <mask> <mask> was born. When he was young, he became known for his skills at riding and archery. Because of his father's achievements, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou, he was made a mid-level governmental official. He was much favored by Emperor Wu's regent <mask> Hu, and he became a

masks:
Yuwen Shu
Yuwen Shu
Yuwen Huaj
Yuwen Shu
Yuwen Shiji
Shu
Yuwen Changshou
Yuwen Gu
Yuwen
Shu
Yuwen
Yuwen
Shu
Yuwen


title: Yuwen Shu

texts:
 commander of <mask> Hu's personal guards. After Emperor Wu killed <mask> Hu and personally took power in 572, he made <mask> <mask> the deputy minister of imperial clan affairs, and eventually, he was created the Duke of Boling, and then the Duke of Puyang. In 580, after the death of Emperor Wu's son and successor Emperor Xuan, Emperor Xuan's father-in-law Yang Jian seized power as regent, and the general Yuchi Jiong, suspicious of Yang's intentions, rose against him at Xiang Province (相州, roughly modern Handan, Hebei).Yang sent the general Wei Xiaokuan against Yuchi, and Yuwen served under Wei. He defeated Yuchi's general Li Jun (李雋), and later, with other generals, defeated Yuchi's son Yuchi Dun (尉遲惇). Eventually, after Wei was victorious over Yuchi Jiong, forcing Yuchi Jiong to commit suicide, <mask>'s title was promoted to Duke of Bao. During Emperor Wen's reign
In 581, Yang Jian had Emperor Xuan's young son Emperor Jing yield the throne to him, ending Northern Zhou and starting Sui Dynasty as its Emperor Wen. <mask> <mask> served as a general for Sui. In winter 588, when Emperor Wen launched a major attack on rival Chen Dynasty, <mask> <mask> participated in the campaign, and after the generals Han Qinhu (韓擒虎) and Heruo Bi (賀若弼) crossed the Yangtze River to attack the Chen capital Jiankang, Yuwen advanced to the nearby fortress of Shitou to aid Han and Heruo. After Heruo and Han captured Jiankang and the Chen emperor <mask>bao, the Chen generals Xiao Huan (蕭瓛) and Xiao Yan (蕭巖) were holding out in modern Zhejiang.<mask> was sent, along with Yan Rong (燕榮), to attack Xiao Huan and Xiao Yan, and he defeated Xiao Huan and forced Xiao Yan to surrender. After the completion of the campaign, in recognition of his contributions, Emperor

masks:
Yuwen
Yuwen
Yuwen
Shu
Yuwen
Yuwen
Shu
Yuwen
Shu
Chen Shu
Yuwen


title: Yuwen Shu

texts: Wen gave his son <mask> Huaji a mid-level governmental post, while making <mask> <mask> himself the commandant at An Province (安州, roughly modern Xiaogan, Hubei). After the campaign against Chen, Emperor Wen's son Yang Guang the Prince of Jin, who was in overall command of the campaign against Chen, became the commandant at Yang Province (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu). <mask> <mask> was friendly with Yang Guang, and Yang Guang, whose ambitions included displacing his older brother Yang Yong the Crown Prince as his father's heir, therefore requested in 600 and received Emperor Wen's approval to have Yuwen's command post moved to Shou Province (壽州, roughly modern Lu'an, Anhui), closer to Yang Guang's post. At one point, Yang Guang consulted <mask> <mask> as to how he could displace his brother. Yuwen suggested entering an alliance with the powerful official Yang Su—and forming the relationship with Yang Su through Yang Su's brother and confidant Yang Yue (楊約). Yang Guang therefore gave Yuwen much treasure and had him go to the capital Chang'an to try to meet Yang Yue.<mask> offered some of the treasures pillaged from Chen to Yang Yue, and then also intentionally lost to Yang Yue when the gambled. After he had become sufficiently familiar to Yang Yue, he revealed to Yang Yue that it was Yang Guang's intent to enter into an alliance with Yang Su—persuading Yang Yue that given that Yang Su did not have a warm relationship with Yang Yong, his family would be in danger if Yang Yong were to succeed Emperor Wen. Yang Yue, in turn, persuaded Yang Su, who subsequently persuaded Emperor Wen and Emperor Wen's wife Empress Dugu that Yang Yong should be deposed. Emperor Wen and Empress Dugu agreed, and in 600 Emperor Wen deposed Yang Yong and

masks: Yuwen Yuwen Shu Yuwen Shu Yuwen Shu Yuwen


title: Yuwen Shu

texts:
 replaced him with Yang Guang. Yang Guang made <mask> <mask> a commander of his palace guards and gave his daughter, the Princess Nanyang, to <mask> <mask>'s son <mask> Shiji (宇文士及) in marriage. In 604, while Emperor Wen was ill, <mask> <mask> was one of the guard commanders that Yang Guang summoned to guard Emperor Wen's vacation palace Renshou Palace (仁壽宮, in modern Baoji, Shaanxi). Emperor Wen soon died—a death that traditional historians, while admitting a lack of direct evidence, generally believed to be a murder ordered by Yang Guang.Yang Guang then took the throne as Emperor Yang, and he put Yang Yong to death. During Emperor Yang's reign
After Emperor Yang took the throne, <mask> <mask>, as one of his confidants, became more and more powerful, eventually becoming one of the most powerful individuals in the realm; Emperor Yang also elevated his title to Duke of Xu (許國公). In 607, <mask>, in order to allow Yun Dingxing (雲定興), the father of Yang Yong's favorite concubine Consort Yun, to join Emperor Yang's regime, persuaded Yun that Yang Yong's sons needed to die, and then persuaded Emperor Yang of the same. Emperor Yang poisoned Yang Yong's oldest son (by Consort Yun), Yang Yan (楊儼) the former Prince of Changning, and exiled Yang Yong's other sons, but eventually had them all killed. It was only after the deaths of Yang Yong's sons that <mask> was able to recommend Yun to Emperor Yang, who made Yun one of his chief engineers. In 607, while Emperor Yang was conducting a tour of the northern border, he arrived at Yulin Commandery (榆林, roughly modern Yulin, Shaanxi). <mask> <mask>'s sons <mask> Huaji and Yuwen Zhiji (宇文智及), who were mid-level officials in Emperor Yang's government, secretly conducted forbidden trade with Tujue.Emperor

masks: Yuwen Shu Yuwen Shu Yuwen Yuwen Shu Yuwen Shu Yuwen Yuwen Yuwen Shu Yuwen


title: Yuwen Shu

texts: Yang was incensed and ordered that they be executed, but at the last minute spared them, formally awarding them to their father as slaves. In 608, the official Pei Ju persuaded Tiele to attack Tuyuhun, and after Tiele defeated Tuyuhun, Tuyuhun's Bujiabo Khan Murong Fuyun offered to surrender to Sui. Emperor Yang sent his cousin Yang Xiong (楊雄) the Prince of Ande and Yuwen to rendezvous with Murong Fuyun to accept his surrender, but once Yuwen arrived at Linqiang (臨羌, in modern Xining, Qinghai), Murong Fuyun, fearful of the strength of Yuwen's force, changed his mind and fled west, and Yuwen attacked Tuyuhun's trailing people instead, capturing thousands of Tuyuhun's people. Emperor Yang thus established four commanderies over the former Tuyuhun territory. In 612, <mask> <mask> participated in Emperor Yang's first campaign against Goguryeo. Emperor Yang's main forces put Goguryeo's key northern city Liaodong (遼東, in modern Liaoyang, Liaoning) under siege (although he was ultimately unable to capture it), but sent Yuwen with a branch army to head deep south, across the Yalu River, heading directly toward the Goguryeo capital Pyongyang. However, on the way, his army ran out of food supplies and was forced to withdraw, and as it did, Goguryeo forces gave chase and crushed him.When Emperor Yang retreated as well, he put Yuwen under imprisonment, but still remembering his relationship with Yuwen, did not execute him, but reduced him to commoner rank. However, soon he had Yuwen's title restored. In 613, Emperor Yang launched his second campaign against Goguryeo—and again, he himself headed for Liaodong while ordering <mask> and Yang Yichen to head for Pyongyang. In the midst of the campaign, however, news arrived that Yang Su's son Yang

masks: Yuwen Shu Yuwen


title: Yuwen Shu

texts: Xuangan had rebelled near the eastern capital Luoyang. Emperor Yang was forced to abandon the campaign against Goguryeo, and he sent Yuwen and Qutu Tong (屈突通) ahead of himself, to reinforce the forces near Luoyang against Yang Xuangan. Yuwen, Qutu, and the generals defeated Yang Xuangan, and Yang Xuangan fled west, intending to attack Chang'an. Yuwen, Qutu, Wei Wensheng (衛文昇) and Lai Hu'er (來護兒) gave chase, catching up with Yang Xuangan at Hongnong (弘農, in modern Sanmenxia, Henan) and dealt him a final crushing blow.Yang Xuangan tried to flee further, but knowing that he could not escape, had his brother Yang Jishan (楊積善) kill him. Pursuant to <mask>'s suggestions, Emperor Yang had Yang Jishan and Yang Xuangan's strategist Wei Fusi (韋福嗣) put to death in cruel manner. In 615, <mask> was involved in a major massacre of a noble clan. While <mask> was still Emperor Yang's guard commander when Emperor Yang was crown prince, Li Hun (李渾) the son of the senior noble Li Mu (李穆) the Duke of Shen, who had died in 586, had become angry at his nephew Li Yun (李筠), who had inherited the title of Duke of Shen, and he had Li Yun assassinated, while framing his cousin Li Jutan (李瞿曇) for the murder and had Li Jutan executed. He then bribed <mask>, his brother-in-law, with a promise that if he were allowed to inherit the ducal title, he would give Yuwen half of the stipend received from the fief. Yuwen persuaded the Crown Prince to in turn persuade Emperor Wen to agree, so Li Hun inherited the title. However, after Li Hun received the title, he only paid the bribe for two years and then stopped.<mask>, resentful of Li Hun's broken promise, planned his revenge. By 615, there had been rumors throughout Sui territory that the next emperor would be named Li.

masks: Yuwen Yuwen Yuwen Yuwen Yuwen


title: Yuwen Shu

texts: Emperor Yang therefore particularly became suspicious of Li Hun's nephew Li Min (李敏), the husband of his sister Yang Lihua's daughter <mask> Eying (宇文娥英, who was also the daughter of Northern Zhou's Emperor Xuan, as the Yang Lihua, the Princess Leping, was Emperor Xuan's wife and empress), because Li Min's nickname was "Hong'er" (洪兒), meaning "son of a flood," and Emperor Wen had long ago dreamed that a flood would overflow the capital. Emperor Yang therefore tried to hint to Li Min that he should commit suicide, but Li Min did not. <mask> <mask> then had the official Pei Renji (裴仁基) falsely accuse Li Hun of plotting treason. Emperor Yang put <mask> <mask> in charge of the investigation, and <mask> <mask> manufactured evidence, particularly persuading <mask> Eying that Emperor Yang would have the Lis executed anyway, and that she should save herself. <mask> Eying thus wrote a confession implicating both Li Hun and Li Min.Li Hun, Li Min, and 32 of their clansmen were executed, and their other relatives were exiled. Several months later, <mask> Eying was also poisoned. In fall 615, Yuwen accompanied Emperor Yang on a tour of the northern frontier. The Eastern Turk leader Shibi Khan took the opportunity to launch a surprise attack against Yanmen Commandery in reprisal against various offenses by the emperor. His Chinese wife, the princess Yicheng, secretly sent a warning of the Turkish plans to Emperor Yang, who took refuge at the commandery seat in present-day Daixian, Shanxi. The Turks began their siege of the town on September 11. Yuwen suggested Emperor Yang select a few thousand elite cavalry soldiers to attempt a break out, but Su Wei and Fan Zigai (樊子蓋) persuaded Emperor Yang not to attempt this.Instead, at the suggestion of his

masks: Yuwen Yuwen Shu Yuwen Shu Yuwen Shu Yuwen Yuwen Yuwen


title: Yuwen Shu

texts:
 brother-in-law Xiao Yu, the emperor sought more help from Princess Yicheng, who was one of his relatives but—according to Turkish custom—was in charge of managing military affairs at home in her husband's absence. She sent Shibi Khan a false report of a northern attack on the Khaganate; hearing this and learning of Chinese reinforcements on their way to the emperor's relief, the khan abandoned the siege and returned north. Su subsequently suggested to Emperor Yang that he return to Chang'an, but at Yuwen's suggestion, Emperor Yang went to Luoyang instead. In fall 616, while Emperor Yang was inquiring about the status of agrarian rebellions (by this point, most of Sui territory was in fact engulfed in agrarian rebellions), Yuwen, in order to placate him, informed him that the rebellions had largely been suppressed. Su, however, truthfully informed Emperor Yang that the rebellions were causing major problems for Sui rule. Emperor Yang, not happy about the news, soon considered putting Su to death, but eventually only reduced Su to commoner rank. Soon thereafter, seeing that Emperor Yang wanted to go back to Jiangdu, the capital of Yang Province, Yuwen formally suggested that he does so, and Emperor Yang agreed.Yuwen followed Emperor Yang there, and became ill at Jiangdu. He died in winter 616. Pursuant to his dying wishes, Emperor Yang pardoned <mask> Huaji and <mask> Zhiji, returning them to governmental service. See also
 Goguryeo-Sui Wars
 Emperor Yang of Sui
 Yuwen Huaji
 Collapse of the Sui

Notes

References

Citations

Bibliography
 Book of Sui, vol. 61.
 .
 Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 174, 177, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183. 616 deaths

Year of birth unknown
Northern Zhou generals
Sui dynasty generals
Sui dynasty politicians
Transition from

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title: Sylvia Plath

texts:
<mask> (; October 27, 1932 – February 11, 1963) was an American poet, novelist, and short-story writer. She is credited with advancing the genre of confessional poetry and is best known for two of her published collections, The Colossus and Other Poems (1960) and Ariel (1965), as well as The Bell Jar, a semi-autobiographical novel published shortly before her death in 1963. The Collected Poems were published in 1981, which included previously unpublished works. For this collection Plath was awarded a Pulitzer Prize in Poetry in 1982, making her the fourth to receive this honour posthumously. Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Plath studied at and graduated from Smith College in Massachusetts and at Newnham College, Cambridge, England. She married fellow poet Ted Hughes in 1956, and they lived together in the United States and then in England. Their relationship was tumultuous and, in her letters, Plath alleges abuse at his hands.They had two children before separating in 1962. Plath was clinically depressed for most of her adult life, and was treated multiple times with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). She killed herself in 1963. Life and career

Early life
<mask> was born on October 27, 1932, in Boston, Massachusetts. Her mother, Aurelia Schober <mask> (1906–1994), was a second-generation American of Austrian descent, and her father, <mask> (1885–1940), was from Grabow, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany. Plath's father was an entomologist and a professor of biology at Boston University who authored a book about bumblebees. On April 27, 1935, Plath's brother Warren

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title: Sylvia Plath

texts: was born.In 1936 the family moved from 24 Prince Street in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, to 92 Johnson Avenue, Winthrop, Massachusetts. Plath's mother, Aurelia, with Plath's maternal grandparents, the Schobers, had lived since 1920 in a section of Winthrop called Point Shirley, a location mentioned in Plath's poetry. While living in Winthrop, eight-year-old Plath published her first poem in the Boston Heralds children's section. Over the next few years, Plath published multiple poems in regional magazines and newspapers. At age 11, Plath began keeping a journal. In addition to writing, she showed early promise as an artist, winning an award for her paintings from the Scholastic Art & Writing Awards in 1947. "Even in her youth, Plath was ambitiously driven to succeed".Plath also had an IQ of around 160. <mask> died on November 5, 1940, a week and a half after Plath's eighth birthday, of complications following the amputation of a foot due to untreated diabetes. He had become ill shortly after a close friend died of lung cancer. Comparing the similarities between his friend's symptoms and his own, Otto became convinced that he, too, had lung cancer and did not seek treatment until his diabetes had progressed too far. Raised as a Unitarian, Plath experienced a loss of faith after her father's death and remained ambivalent about religion throughout her life. Her father was buried in Winthrop Cemetery, in Massachusetts. A visit to her father's grave later prompted Plath to write the poem "Electra on Azalea Path".After Otto's death, Aurelia moved her children and


title: Sylvia Plath

texts: write from a more female perspective. Plath began to consider herself as a more serious, focused poet and short-story writer. At this time <mask> and Hughes first met the poet W. S. Merwin, who admired their work and was to remain a lifelong friend. Plath resumed psychoanalytic treatment in December, working with Ruth Beuscher.Plath and Hughes traveled across Canada and the United States, staying at the Yaddo artist colony in Saratoga Springs, New York in late 1959. Plath says that it was here that she learned "to be true to my own weirdnesses", but she remained anxious about writing confessionally, from deeply personal and private material. The couple moved back to England in December 1959 and lived in London at 3 Chalcot Square, near the Primrose Hill area of Regent's Park, where an English Heritage plaque records Plath's residence. Their daughter Frieda was born on April 1, 1960, and in October, Plath published her first collection of poetry, The Colossus. In February 1961, Plath's second pregnancy ended in miscarriage; several of her poems, including "Parliament Hill Fields", address this event. In a letter to her therapist, Plath wrote that Hughes beat her two days before the miscarriage. In August she finished her semi-autobiographical novel The Bell Jar and immediately after this, the family moved to Court Green in the small market town of North Tawton in Devon.Nicholas was born in January 1962. In mid-1962 Plath and Hughes began to keep bees, which would be the subject of many Plath poems. In 1961, the couple rented their flat at Chalcot Square to


title: Sylvia Plath

texts:
 children with tape, towels and cloths. She was 30years old.Plath's intentions have been debated. That morning, she asked her downstairs neighbor, Trevor Thomas (1907–1993), what time he would be leaving. She also left a note reading "Call Dr.Horder", including the doctor's phone number. It is argued Plath turned on the gas at a time when Thomas would have been able to see the note (although the escaping gas had seeped downstairs and also rendered Thomas unconscious while he slept). However, in her biography Giving Up: The Last Days of <mask>h, Plath's best friend, Jillian Becker, wrote, "According to Mr.Goodchild, a police officer attached to the coroner's office, [Plath] had thrust her head far into the gas oven and had really meant to die." Horder also believed her intention was clear. He stated that "No one who saw the care with which the kitchen was prepared could have interpreted her action as anything but an irrational compulsion."Plath had described the quality of her despair as "owl's talons clenching my heart". In his 1971 book on suicide, friend and critic Al Alvarez claimed that Plath's suicide was an unanswered cry for help, and spoke, in a BBC interview in March2000, about his failure to recognize Plath's depression, saying he regretted his inability to offer her emotional support: "I failed her on that level. I was thirtyyears old and stupid. What did I know about chronic clinical depression? She kind of needed someone to take care of her. And that was not something I could do." Following Plath's death
An inquest was held on February 15 and


title: Sylvia Plath

texts:
 gave a ruling of suicide as a result of carbon monoxide poisoning.Hughes was devastated; they had been separated for six months. In a letter to an old friend of Plath's from Smith College, he wrote, "That's the end of my life. The rest is posthumous." <mask>'s gravestone, in Heptonstall's parish churchyard of St Thomas the Apostle bears the inscription that Hughes chose for her: "Even amidst fierce flames the golden lotus can be planted." Biographers attribute the source of the quote to the Hindu text the Bhagavad Gita or to the 16th-century Buddhist novel Journey to the West written by Wu Cheng'en. The daughter of <mask> and Hughes, Frieda Hughes, is a writer and artist. On March 16, 2009, Nicholas Hughes, their son, hanged himself at his home in Fairbanks, Alaska, following a history of depression.Works

Plath wrote poetry from the age of eight, her first poem appearing in the Boston Traveller. By the time she arrived at Smith College she had written over 50 short stories and been published in a raft of magazines. In fact Plath desired much of her life to write prose and stories, and she felt that poetry was an aside. But, in sum, she was not successful in publishing prose. At Smith she majored in English and won all the major prizes in writing and scholarship. Additionally, she won a summer editor position at the young women's magazine Mademoiselle, and, on her graduation in 1955, she won the Glascock Prize for "Two Lovers and a Beachcomber by the Real Sea". Later, she wrote for the university publication, Varsity.The Colossus

By the time Heinemann

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 really, but I think it will show how isolated a person feels when he is suffering a breakdown... I've tried to picture my world and the people in it as seen through the distorting lens of a bell jar". She described her novel as "an autobiographical apprentice work which I had to write in order to free myself from the past".She dated a Yale senior named Dick Norton during her junior year. Norton, upon whom the character of Buddy in The Bell Jar is based, contracted tuberculosis and was treated at the Ray Brook Sanatorium near Saranac Lake. While visiting Norton, Plath broke her leg skiing, an incident that was fictionalized in the novel. Plath also used the novel to highlight the issue of women in the workforce during the 1950s. She strongly believed in women's abilities to be writers and editors, while society forced them to fulfill secretarial roles. Double Exposure
In 1963, after The Bell Jar was published, Plath began working on another literary work titled Double Exposure. It was never published and the manuscript disappeared around 1970.According to Hughes, Plath left behind "some 130 [typed] pages of another novel, provisionally titled Double Exposure". Theories about what happened to the unfinished manuscript are repeatedly brought up in the book <mask>'s Fiction: A Critical Study by Luke Ferretter including the claim that the rare books department at Smith College in Massachusetts has a secret copy of the work under seal or that the draft of Double Exposure may have been destroyed, stolen, or even lost. He also postulates in his book that the draft


title: Sylvia Plath

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 poems on freedom of expression of an artist. Plath's fellow confessional poet and friend Anne Sexton commented: "<mask> and I would talk at length about our first suicide, in detail and in depth—between the free potato chips.Suicide is, after all, the opposite of the poem. <mask> and I often talked opposites. We talked death with burned-up intensity, both of us drawn to it like moths to an electric lightbulb, sucking on it. She told the story of her first suicide in sweet and loving detail, and her description in The Bell Jar is just that same story." The confessional interpretation of Plath's work has led to some dismissing certain aspects of her work as an exposition of sentimentalist melodrama; in 2010, for example, Theodore Dalrymple asserted that Plath had been the "patron saint of self-dramatisation" and of self-pity. Revisionist critics such as Tracy Brain have, however, argued against a tightly autobiographical interpretation of Plath's material. Other works
In 1971, the volumes Winter Trees and Crossing the Water were published in the UK, including nine previously unseen poems from the original manuscript of Ariel.Writing in New Statesman, fellow poet Peter Porter wrote:

Crossing the Water is full of perfectly realised works. Its most striking impression is of a front-rank artist in the process of discovering her true power. Such is Plath's control that the book possesses a singularity and certainty which should make it as celebrated as The Colossus or Ariel. The Collected Poems, published in 1981, edited and introduced by Ted Hughes, contained

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 poetry written from 1956 until her death. Plath was posthumously awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. In 2006 Anna Journey, then a graduate student at Virginia Commonwealth University, discovered a previously unpublished sonnet written by Plath titled "Ennui". The poem, composed during Plath's early years at Smith College, was published in the online journal Blackbird.Journals and letters
Plath's letters were published in 1975, edited and selected by her mother Aurelia Plath. The collection, Letters Home: Correspondence 1950–1963, came out partly in response to the strong public reaction to the publication of The Bell Jar in America. Plath began keeping a diary from the age of 11 and continued doing so until her suicide. Her adult diaries, starting from her first year at Smith College in 1950, were first published in 1982 as The Journals of <mask> Plath, edited by Frances McCullough, with Ted Hughes as consulting editor. In 1982, when Smith College acquired Plath's remaining journals, Hughes sealed two of them until February 11, 2013, the 50th anniversary of Plath's death. During the last years of his life, Hughes began working on a fuller publication of Plath's journals. In 1998, shortly before his death, he unsealed the two journals, and passed the project onto his children by Plath, Frieda and Nicholas, who passed it on to Karen V. Kukil.Kukil finished her editing in December 1999, and in 2000 Anchor Books published The Unabridged Journals of <mask>h (Plath 2000). More than half of the new volume contained newly released material; the American author

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 Joyce Carol Oates hailed the publication as a "genuine literary event". Hughes faced criticism for his role in handling the journals: he claims to have destroyed Plath's last journal, which contained entries from the winter of 1962 up to her death. In the foreword of the 1982 version, he writes, "I destroyed [the last of her journals] because I did not want her children to have to read it (in those days I regarded forgetfulness as an essential part of survival)." Hughes controversies

As Hughes and <mask> were legally married at the time of her death, Hughes inherited the Plath estate, including all her written work. He has been condemned repeatedly for burning Plath's last journal, saying he "did not want her children to have to read it". Hughes lost another journal and an unfinished novel, and instructed that a collection of Plath's papers and journals should not be released until 2013.He has been accused of attempting to control the estate for his own ends, although royalties from Plath's poetry were placed into a trust account for their two children, Frieda and Nicholas. <mask>'s gravestone has been repeatedly vandalized by those aggrieved that "Hughes" is written on the stone; they have attempted to chisel it off, leaving only the name "<mask>h". When Hughes' mistress Assia Wevill killed herself and their four-year-old daughter Shura in 1969, this practice intensified. After each defacement, Hughes had the damaged stone removed, sometimes leaving the site unmarked during repair. Outraged mourners accused Hughes in the media of dishonoring her name by

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texts: removing the stone. Wevill's death led to claims that Hughes had been abusive to both Plath and Wevill. Radical feminist poet Robin Morgan published the poem "Arraignment", in which she openly accused Hughes of the battery and murder of Plath.Her book Monster (1972) "included a piece in which a gang of Plath aficionados are imagined castrating Hughes, stuffing his penis into his mouth and then blowing out his brains". Hughes threatened to sue Morgan. The book was withdrawn by the publisher Random House, although it remained in circulation among feminists. Other feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name and pursue a conviction for murder. Plath's poem "The Jailor", in which the speaker condemns her husband's brutality, was included in Morgan's 1970 anthology Sisterhood Is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Women's Liberation Movement. In 1989, with Hughes under public attack, a battle raged in the letters pages of The Guardian and The Independent. In The Guardian on April 20, 1989, Hughes wrote the article "The Place Where <mask>lath Should Rest in Peace": "In the years soon after [Plath's] death, when scholars approached me, I tried to take their apparently serious concern for the truth about <mask>h seriously.But I learned my lesson early. ... If I tried too hard to tell them exactly how something happened, in the hope of correcting some fantasy, I was quite likely to be accused of trying to suppress Free Speech. In general, my refusal to have anything to do with the Plath Fantasia has been regarded as an attempt to suppress Free Speech

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title: Sylvia Plath

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 ... The Fantasia about <mask>h is more needed than the facts. Where that leaves respect for the truth of her life (and of mine), or for her memory, or for the literary tradition, I do not know." Still the subject of speculation and opprobrium in 1998, Hughes published Birthday Letters that year, his own collection of 88 poems about his relationship with Plath.Hughes had published very little about his experience of the marriage and <mask>'s subsequent suicide, and the book caused a sensation, being taken as his first explicit disclosure, and it topped best seller charts. It was not known at the volume's release that Hughes was suffering from terminal cancer and would die later that year. The book went on to win the Forward Poetry Prize, the T. S. Eliot Prize for Poetry, and the Whitbread Poetry Prize. The poems, written after Plath's death, in some cases long after, try to find a reason why Plath took her own life. In October 2015, the BBC Two documentary Ted Hughes: Stronger Than Death examined Hughes' life and work; it included audio recordings of Plath reciting her own poetry. Their daughter Frieda spoke for the first time about her mother and father. Themes and legacy

<mask>h's early poems exhibit what became her typical imagery, using personal and nature-based depictions featuring, for example, the moon, blood, hospitals, fetuses, and skulls.They were mostly imitation exercises of poets she admired such as Dylan Thomas, W. B. Yeats and Marianne Moore. Late in 1959, when she and Hughes were at the Yaddo writers' colony in New York State, she wrote the

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texts: more, 'Daddy' was merely the first jet of flame from a literary dragon who in the last months of her life breathed a burning river of bile across the literary landscape.... In her most ferocious poems, 'Daddy' and 'Lady Lazarus', fear, hate, love, death and the poet's own identity become fused at black heat with the figure of her father, and through him, with the guilt of the German exterminators and the suffering of their Jewish victims. They are poems, as Robert Lowell says in his preface to Ariel, that 'play Russian roulette with six cartridges in the cylinder'." Some in the feminist movement saw Plath as speaking for their experience, as a "symbol of blighted female genius". Writer Honor Moore describes Ariel as marking the beginning of a movement, Plath suddenly visible as "a woman on paper", certain and audacious. Moore says: "When <mask>'s Ariel was published in the United States in 1966, American women noticed. Not only women who ordinarily read poems, but housewives and mothers whose ambitions had awakened ...Here was a woman, superbly trained in her craft, whose final poems uncompromisingly charted female rage, ambivalence, and grief, in a voice with which many women identified." Some feminists threatened to kill Hughes in Plath's name. Smith College, Plath's alma mater, holds her literary papers in the Smith College Library. The United States Postal Service introduced a postage stamp featuring Plath in 2012. An English Heritage plaque records Plath's residence at 3 Chalcot Square, in London. In 2018, The New York Times published an obituary for


title: Sylvia Plath

texts:
 Plath as part of the Overlooked history project. Portrayals in media
Plath's voice is heard in a BBC documentary about her life, recorded in London in late 1962.Of the BBC recording Elizabeth Hardwick wrote:
I have never before learned anything from a poetic reading, unless the clothes, the beard, the girls, the poor or good condition of the poet can be considered a kind of knowledge. But I was taken aback by <mask>’s reading. It was not anything like I could have imagined. Not a trace of the modest, retreating, humorous Worcester, Massachusetts, of Elizabeth Bishop; nothing of the swallowed plain Pennsylvania of Marianne Moore. Instead these bitter poems—"Daddy", "Lady Lazarus", "The Applicant", "Fever 103°"—were beautifully read, projected in full-throated, plump, diction-perfect, Englishy, mesmerizing cadences, all round and rapid, and paced and spaced. Poor recessive Massachusetts had been erased. "I have done it again!"Clearly, perfectly, staring you down. She seemed to be standing at a banquet like Timon, crying, "Uncover, dogs, and lap!" Gwyneth Paltrow portrayed Plath in the biopic <mask> (2003). Despite criticism from Elizabeth Sigmund, a friend of Plath and Hughes, that Plath was portrayed as a "permanent depressive and possessive person", she conceded that "the film has an atmosphere towards the end of her life which is heartbreaking in its accuracy". Frieda Hughes, now a poet and painter, who was two years old when her mother died, was angered by the making of entertainment featuring her parents' lives. She accused the "peanut crunching" public

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 of wanting to be titillated by the family's tragedies. In 2003, Frieda reacted to the situation in the poem "My Mother" in Tatler:
Now they want to make a film
For anyone lacking the ability
To imagine the body, head in oven,
Orphaning children

 ... they think
I should give them my mother's words
To fill the mouth of their monster,
Their <mask> Suicide Doll

In the 2019 film How to Build a Girl, Plath is one of the figures in Johanna's collage who "talk" to her.(2003). Rough Magic: A Biography of <mask>h. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. .
 Alvarez, Al. (2007). Risky Business: People, Pastimes, Poker and Books. London: Bloomsbury. .
 Badia, Janet and Phegley, Jennifer. (2005).Reading Women: Literary Figures and Cultural Icons from the Victorian Age to the Present. University of Toronto Press. .
 Becker, Jillian. (2003). Giving Up: The Last Days of <mask>h. New York: St Martins Press. . Brain, Tracy. (2001).The Other <mask>h. Harlow, Essex: Longman. . Brain, Tracy. (2006). "Dangerous Confessions: The Problem of Reading <mask>h Biographically" . Modern Confessional Writing: New Critical Essays. Ed.Jo Gill. London: Routledge. pp. 11–32. . Brain, Tracy. (2007). "The Indeterminacy of the Plath Canon".In Helle (2007) pp. 17–38. Butscher, Edward. (2003). <mask>h: Method and Madness. Tucson, AZ: Schaffner Press. .
 Carmody, Denise Lardner and Carmody, John Tully. (1996).Mysticism: Holiness East and West. Oxford University Press. .
 Christodoulides, Nephie. (2005). Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking: Motherhood in <mask>'s Work. Amsterdam: Rodopi. .

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title: Sylvia Plath

texts:
 Dalrymple, Theodore. (2010). Spoilt Rotten: The Toxic Cult of Sentimentality.London: Gibson Square Books. .
 Ferretter,Luke. (2009). <mask>'s Fiction: A Critical Study . Edinburgh University Press. 1st ed. .
 Gifford, Terry. (2008). Ted Hughes .Routledge. .
 Gill, Jo. (2006). The Cambridge Companion to <mask>h . Cambridge University Press. .
 Hayman, Ronald. (1991). The Death and Life of <mask>. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing. .
 Helle, Anita (Ed).(2007). The Unraveling Archive: Essays on <mask>h . Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. .
 Hemphill, Stephanie. (2007). Your Own, <mask>: A Verse Portrait of <mask>h. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. .
 Hughes, Frieda (2004). "Foreword" .In <mask>, <mask>. Ariel: The Restored Edition. London: Faber and Faber. . Via British Library. Kibler, James E. Jr (Ed.). (1980). American Novelists Since World War II.2nd ed. Dictionary of Literary Biography. Volume 6. Detroit: A Bruccoli Clark Layman Book, The Gale Group. .
 Kirk, Connie Ann. (2004). <mask>h: A Biography . Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. .
 Kyle, Barry.(1976). <mask>: A Dramatic Portrait; Conceived and Adapted from Her Writings. London: Faber and Faber. .
 Malcolm, Janet. (1995). The Silent Woman: <mask> and Ted Hughes. New York: Vintage. .
 McCullough, Frances. (2005)."Introduction". In <mask>, <mask>. (2005) [Originally published 1963]. The Bell Jar. New York: Perennial Classics. 1st Harper Perennial Classics ed. .
 Middlebrook, Diane. (2003).Her Husband: Hughes and Plath – a Marriage. New York: Viking. .
 Morgan, Robin. (1970).

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texts:
 Sisterhood Is Powerful: An Anthology of Writings from the Women's Liberation Movement. New York: Random House. .
 Peel, Robin. (2007). "The Political Education of <mask>h".In Helle (2007) pp. 39–64. <mask>, <mask>. (2000). The Unabridged Journals of <mask>. Edited by Karen V. Kukil. New York: Anchor.Steinberg, Peter K. (2004). <mask>h. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Chelsea House. .
 Stevenson, Anne. (1990) [originally published 1989]. Bitter Fame: A Life of <mask>. London: Penguin. .
 Stevenson, Anne. "Plath, <mask>".(1994). The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry in English. Hamilton, Ian (Ed.). Oxford University Press. .
 Tabor, Stephen. (1988). <mask>h: An Analytical Bibliography. London: Mansell. .
 Taylor, Robert.(1986). Saranac: America's Magic Mountain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. .
 Thomas, David N. (2008). Fatal Neglect: Who Killed Dylan Thomas?. Bridgend: Seren. .
 Wagner, Erica. (2002). Ariel's Gift: Ted Hughes, <mask>, and the Story of Birthday Letters.New York: W. W. Norton. .
 Wagner-Martin, Linda (Ed). (1988). <mask> (Critical Heritage). London: Routledge. .
 Wagner-Martin, Linda. (2003). <mask>: A Literary Life. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. .

Further reading

 Alexander, Paul.(1991). Rough Magic: A Biography of <mask>h. New York: Da Capo Press. .
 Axelrod, Steven Gould. (1992). <mask>: The Wound and the Cure of Words. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University. . External links

 Peter K. Steinberg's A celebration, this is
 Plath profile from American Academy of Poets
 <mask>h drawings at The Mayor Gallery The Daily

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 Telegraph

 <mask>h at the British Library
 Ted Hughes and <mask>h collection at University of Victoria, Special Collections
 <mask>h collection, 1952–1989, Stuart A.Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University Libraries
 Harriet Rosenstein research files on <mask>, 1910–2018, Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University Libraries
Sylvia Plath Collection at the Mortimer Rare Book Collection, Smith College Special Collections

 BBC profile and video. BBC archive. Plath reading "Lady Lazarus" from Ariel (sound file)

1932 births
1963 suicides
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American short story writers
20th-century essayists
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
American child writers
American diarists
American essayists
American expatriates in England
American people of Austrian descent
American people of German descent
American Unitarians
American women essayists
American women novelists
American women poets
American women short story writers
Burials in West Yorkshire
Glascock Prize winners
McLean Hospital patients
Novelists from Massachusetts
People from Jamaica Plain
People from Winthrop, Massachusetts
People with mood disorders
Poets from Massachusetts
Pseudonymous women writers
Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners
Smith College alumni
Suicides by carbon monoxide poisoning
Suicides by gas
Suicides in London
Wellesley High School alumni
Women diarists
Writers from Boston
Ted Hughes
20th-century pseudonymous

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title: Jeff Locke (baseball)

texts:
<mask> (born November 20, 1987) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He previously played for the Miami Marlins and Pittsburgh Pirates, where he was an All-Star in 2013. Early life

<mask> is the son of Alan and <mask> and the grandson of <mask>. In 2003, his first year, he was a New Hampshire State Second-Team All-Star. In 2004, his second year, he was a New Hampshire State First-Team All-Star. In 2005, his junior year, he was the New Hampshire player of the year and a New Hampshire State First-Team All-Star. In 2006, his senior season, he was the New Hampshire player of the year, a New Hampshire State First-Team All-Star, co-captain of the Kennett High baseball team, and he shared the Jack Burns Baseball Award.In June 2006, <mask> graduated from A. Crosby Kennett High School. <mask> is the all-time leader in wins for Kennett High School. The Redstone Rocket
<mask> is nicknamed "The Redstone Rocket". In June 2006, The Conway Daily Sun sports editor Lloyd Jones established the nickname because of <mask>'s fastball, the name of his hometown (Redstone, New Hampshire, a neighborhood within the town of Conway, New Hampshire), and in reference to America's first man in space, Alan Shepard of Derry, New Hampshire, whose Freedom 7 flight was launched by a Redstone rocket. Career

Atlanta Braves
<mask> was the first selection in the second round in the 2006 Major League Baseball draft by the Atlanta Braves. <mask> was assigned to the Gulf Coast Braves (Rookie League) upon signing with the organization on June 18, 2006. In June 2007 the Atlanta Braves assigned <mask> to the Danville Braves in the Advanced Rookie Appalachian League.In November 2007, Baseball America ranked <mask> No. 8 on their Atlanta Braves Top 10 Prospects list. <mask> played for the Rome Braves in 2008. In December 2008, Baseball

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title: Jeff Locke (baseball)

texts:
 America ranked <mask> No. 7 on their Atlanta Braves Top 10 Prospects list. <mask> started the 2009 season with the Myrtle Beach Pelicans. On June 3, 2009, the Braves traded <mask> to the Pittsburgh Pirates along with Charlie Morton and Gorkys Hernández in exchange for Nate McLouth.Pittsburgh Pirates
When <mask> was acquired, the Pirates assigned him to their Class A Advanced affiliate, the Lynchburg Hillcats. In 2010, the Pirates took control of the Sarasota Reds and moved the team to Bradenton, where the club was renamed the Bradenton Marauders. <mask> was assigned to the new team and was the starting pitcher in the team's second-ever game, against the Fort Myers Miracle on April 9, 2010. On July 14, 2010, <mask> was promoted to the Pirates' Double A team, the Altoona Curve. In January 2011, Baseball America ranked <mask> No. 8 on their Pittsburgh Pirates Top 10 Prospects list. In 2011, <mask> pitched for Altoona and the Indianapolis Indians before being called up to the majors in September 2011.He made his MLB debut on September 10, 2011 against the Florida Marlins which resulted in a loss. He pitched a total of 4 games in 2011 for the Pittsburgh Pirates and went 0–3 with an ERA of 6.48 and 5 strikeouts. In November 2011, Baseball America ranked <mask> No. 10 on their Pittsburgh Pirates Top 10 Prospects list. <mask> recorded his first career win on October 1, 2012, giving up one run in six innings against the Atlanta Braves. In 2013, he was selected as an All-Star by San Francisco Giants manager Bruce Bochy. <mask> did not pitch in the game due to back stiffness.Despite making the 2013 All-Star team, <mask> was demoted to the Pirates' Double-A affiliate Altoona Curve on August 28. <mask> had a 2.15 ERA in his first 18 starts, but then had an 8.10 ERA over his next eight. <mask> was also left off the NLDS

masks: Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke


title: Jeff Locke (baseball)

texts:
 roster. <mask> was promoted from Altoona in a spot start on June 8, 2014 after Gerrit Cole was placed on the disabled list. After being recalled for the 2nd stint of the season <mask> showed success, carrying a 2.13 ERA over his last seven starts before the 2014 All-Star Break, including a very dominant performance against his mentor, A. J. Burnett, where he picked up his second win of the season. In 2015, <mask> made 30 starts for the Pirates, going 8–11 with a 4.49 ERA. <mask> began the season in the Pirates rotation, despite posting a record of 8–6, <mask>'s ERA stood at 5.54 and he was soon moved to the bullpen for the remainder of the season.On November 29, 2016, <mask> was designated for assignment by the Pirates. Miami Marlins
On December 12, 2016, <mask> signed a one-year contract with the Miami Marlins. On the first workout day of spring training, <mask> said to be feeling discomfort while tossing from 60 feet away. <mask>'s MRI came back clean, but on March 30, 2017 he was put on the 10-day disabled list. On June 1, 2017 <mask> returned to the Marlins, and gave up 1 run over  innings against the Arizona Diamondbacks. On July 3, 2017, against the St. Louis Cardinals, <mask> surrendered 11 earned runs over 2.2 innings as the Cardinals beat the Marlins 14–6, bringing his ERA up to 8.16 for the season. In his career against the Cardinals, he has an 0–7 record.This also gave the Marlins a record of 0–6 in games started by <mask> in the 2017 season. The next day, he was designated for assignment. <mask> cleared waivers and was sent down to the Jupiter Hammerheads, the Marlins' Class A-Advanced affiliate, but never pitched for the team in a game. <mask> sat out the 2018 season, dealing with a partially torn labrum in his shoulder. Although he received offers from multiple Major League teams <mask> chose not

masks: Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke


title: Jeff Locke (baseball)

texts:
 to sign with another team until he felt fully healthy. Pitching style
Prior to 2009, <mask> used an over-the-head pitching delivery. Upon his trade to the Pirates, pitching coach Wally Whitehurst recommended that <mask> change his pitching style to incorporate a turn toward first base.which would aid in deceptiveness. <mask> returned to the overhead delivery during spring training in 2016, because he had gotten increasingly inconsistent results over the years by looking toward first base. <mask> throws a two-seam fastball (88–95), a circle changeup (79–82), and a knuckle curveball (77–84). In 2016, <mask>'s knuckle curve has become more of a slurve. Awards
New Hampshire State High School Baseball Second-Team All-Star (2003)
3x New Hampshire State High School Baseball First-Team All-Star (2004, 2005, 2006)
2x New Hampshire State High School Baseball Player of the Year (2005, 2006)
Jack Burns Baseball Award (2006, shared with Rob Knox)
Appalachian League Pitcher of the Week (July 17–23, 2007)
Appalachian League Post-Season All-Star (2007)
Baseball America Rookie All-Star (2007)
Carolina League Pitcher of the Week (April 28 – May 4, 2009)
Florida State League Mid-Season All-Star (2010)
Eastern League Mid-Season All-Star (2011)
 MLB All-Star (2013)

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
People from Conway, New Hampshire
People from North Conway, New Hampshire
Baseball players from New Hampshire
Major League Baseball pitchers
National League All-Stars
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Miami Marlins players
Altoona Curve players
Bradenton Marauders players
Danville Braves players
Gulf Coast Braves players
Indianapolis Indians players
Lynchburg Hillcats players
Myrtle Beach Pelicans players
Rome Braves players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp players
Sportspeople from Carroll County, New

masks: Locke Locke Locke Locke Locke


title: Donald Wolfit

texts:
Sir <mask>, CBE (born <mask>; 20 April 1902 – 17 February 1968) was an English actor-manager, known for his touring wartime productions of Shakespeare. He was especially renowned for his portrayal of King Lear. Personal life
<mask> was born at New Balderton, near Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, and attended the Magnus Grammar School. He made his stage début in 1920 and first appeared in the West End in 1924, playing in The Wandering Jew. He was married three times. His first wife was the actress Chris Castor, and their daughter <mask> (1929–2008) was also an actress. He also had two children by his second marriage--Harriet Graham, actress and children's book author, and <mask>, a photographer.An active Freemason, he became Master of Green Room Lodge in 1965. Wolfit was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1950 for his services to the theatre, and knighted in 1957. Career
He played some major supporting roles at the Old Vic Theatre in 1930, appearing in Richard of Bordeaux with John Gielgud, and finally gained prominence at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre in 1936 as Hamlet, whereupon he tried to persuade the management to finance him on a tour of the provinces. They declined the invitation, so he withdrew his savings and in 1937 started his own touring company, which he would lead for many years, prompting Hermione Gingold's bon mot: "Olivier is a tour-de-force, and Wolfit is forced to tour." Shakespearean theatre
<mask>'s speciality was Shakespeare. He was known especially for his performances as King Lear and Richard III. He also played Oedipus, and the lead roles in Ben Jonson's Volpone and Christopher Marlowe's

masks:
Donald Wolfit
Donald Woolfitt
Wolfit
Margaret Wolfit
Adam Wolfit
Wolfit


title: Donald Wolfit

texts:
 Tamburlaine.His touring company performed in London during the Battle of Britain in 1940 and <mask> staged a very successful series of abridged versions of Shakespeare's plays in London during the Second World War in the early afternoon for lunchtime audiences. In January 1942, by arrangement with Lionel L. Falck, <mask> presented Richard III at the Strand Theatre in London. <mask> played King Richard; others in the production included Eric Maxon (King Edward IV), and Frank Thornton (Sir William Catesby). In 1947 <mask> proved unpopular with American critics when he took the company to Broadway. He appeared at Stratford during the 1950s in his signature role of King Lear, and was invited to play Falstaff at the RSC in 1962 but turned the offer down when he discovered Paul Scofield would be playing Lear there at the same time, saying "Lear is still the brightest jewel in my crown!" Edith Sitwell wrote to Wolfit: "The cosmic grandeur of your King Lear left us unable to speak. ... all imaginable fires of agony and all the light of redemption are there."Amongst his many other theatrical roles were appearances in A Murder Has Been Arranged by Emlyn Williams, Agatha Christie's Black Coffee, Constance Cox's The Romance of David Garrick and Bill Naughton's All in Good Time. Film and radio
Although Wolfit was primarily a stage actor, he appeared in over thirty films, such as Svengali (1954), Blood of the Vampire (1958), Room at the Top (1959), Lawrence of Arabia (1962) and Becket (1964). He worked a good deal for the BBC, performing as King John and Volpone on television, and as Lear, Falstaff and Richard III for radio – as well as modern parts

masks:
Wolfit
Donald Wolfit
Wolfit
Wolfit


title: Donald Wolfit

texts:
 like Archie Rice in The Entertainer. Death
<mask> died on 17 February 1968, at the age of 65 in Hammersmith, London, of cardiovascular disease. His final two films, Decline and Fall... of a Birdwatcher and The Charge of the Light Brigade, were released posthumously. According to Roger Moore, legend had it that on his deathbed, <mask> said, “Dying is easy, comedy is hard” (however this tale has also been told of Edmund Gwenn, <mask>, and Edmund Kean, and most of Moore's anecdotes are unsourced). Legacy
Ronald Harwood, who at one time was Wolfit's dresser, based his play The Dresser (later turned into cinema and TV films) on his relationship with Wolfit.Harwood also wrote <mask>'s biography. Peter O'Toole, who worked with <mask> on several films and plays over the course of his career, considered Wolfit his most important mentor. Wolfit was also an important influence on the early acting career of Harold Pinter, who worked for the Donald Wolfit Company at the King's Theatre, Hammersmith, in 1953–54, performing eight roles with him. Wolfit long maintained a bitter hostility to John Gielgud, fuelled by <mask>'s resentment of Gielgud's public school background and family connections in the theatre. The actor Leslie French contrasted the two men: "John was a very gentle person, very caring, with a lovely sense of humour. <mask> was a joke, a terrible actor with no sense of humour, who believed he was the greatest in the world. Once John and I took a call in front of the curtain; <mask> collapsed in tears because he wasn't called."<mask>'s last appearance on stage was in a musical, as the domineering Mr Barrett in Robert and Elizabeth (1966–67).

masks:
Wolfit
Donald Wolfit
Donald Crisp
Wolfit
Wolfit
Wolfit
Donald
Donald
Wolfit


title: Donald Wolfit

texts:
 The papers of <mask>, and those of his first wife Chris Castor, are archived at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin as part of their extensive British performing arts holdings. The papers include Wolfit's promptbooks, management records, tour schedules, production papers, scene and costume designs, extensive correspondence, and more. The Ransom Center also holds a small selection of costumes and personal effects from Wolfit and his company, including <mask>'s certification as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and Rosalind Iden's gown worn as Beatrice in the company's production of Much Ado About Nothing. Filmography

Notes

References

External links

 <mask> Papers and the Chris Castor Papers at the Harry Ransom Center

 Amazon.com link to Wolfit biography

1902 births
1968 deaths
British people of English descent
20th-century English male actors
Actors awarded knighthoods
Actor-managers
English male film actors
Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England
English male stage actors
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Magnus Church of England School
People from Balderton
English male Shakespearean actors
People from Hammersmith
20th-century theatre

masks:
Donald Wolfit
Wolfit
Donald Wolfit


title: Amanda Harrison

texts:
<mask> is an Australian actress and singer, known for her roles in Wicked (Elphaba), We Will Rock You ("Meat" understudy in the UK, and “Oz" understudy in Australia), and for originating the role of Paula Pokrifki in the world premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman. She has performed in cabaret several times, including her current production Up Close and Reasonably Personal which she is expected to perform at Melbourne Cabaret Festival in June 2014 and recently David Harris, Michael Ball, Lea Salonga and Marie Zamora for Enda Markey Presents Do You Hear The People Sing at Shanghai Grand Theatre. She voiced characters for Get Ace an animation series released in January 2014. She appeared with Mig Ayesa, Michael Falzon and Carly Thomas-Smith for three performances of The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular. The concert series began on 7 February 2014, at Sydney Opera House supported by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra before three performances in Perth, Western Australia (Joondalup Resort, Riverside Theatre and Boardwalk Theatre) between 13–15 February. Early years
<mask> grew up in Bangor and attended Menai High School in Sydney's Sutherland Shire. <mask> attended short courses at The Actors Centre and started the Musical Theatre BA at the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts (WAAPA) in 1997, but left after only six weeks to take the role of Betty Schaefer in the Original Australian Production of Andrew Lloyd Webber's Sunset Boulevard.In 1993 <mask> graduated from the Talent Development Project – a program aimed at identifying and supporting students with talent and an interest in a career as an entertainer. Theatre career
<mask> made her professional debut playing Jenny in Aspects of Love. Other

masks:
Amanda Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Amanda Harrison

texts: theatrical credits include Sunset Boulevard, Les Misérables, The Journey Girl, and as Liza Minnelli in The Boy from Oz with Todd McKenney. For The Production Company, she has appeared in Mame, She Loves Me, Guys and Dolls, and a Green Room nominated performance of Ado Annie in Oklahoma! In 2001 <mask> moved to London and made her debut in the West End as Ali in Mamma Mia! She was an Original London Cast member of the Queen and Ben Elton musical We Will Rock You, starring Tony Vincent and Hannah Jane Fox which opened at the Dominion Theatre on 14 May 2002. <mask> understudied the roles of Scaramouche and Meatloaf.She returned to Australia in 2003 for the Australian Tour, which ran from 7 August 2003 – 13 March 2005 in the role of Oz – short for Ozzie Osbourne (formerly Meatloaf in London) The production also starred Michael Falzon as Galileo, Kate Maree Hoolihan as Scaramouche, and Jason Chong– (later Daniel Fletcher) as Brit. For her portrayal of Oz, <mask> was awarded the 2004 Helpmann Award for Best Female Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical. In 2005 <mask> appeared in Leader of the Pack – The Ellie Greenwich Musical playing Ellie Greenwich, an inspirational songwriter of the 1960s. Her performance was nominated for both Helpmann and Green Room Awards. Taking over the role from Sophie Katinis, <mask> played Ellen in Miss Saigon for the Brisbane and Sydney seasons in 2007. This production featured David Harris as Chris and Laurie Cadevida as Kim. In 2008, <mask> originated the role of Elphaba in the Australian production of Wicked which opened in Melbourne at the Regent Theatre.<mask> took a leave of absence from the show in November 2009 citing health and family reasons, with the intention of returning in 2010,

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Amanda Harrison

texts:
 however by February the leave would be permanent. For playing the role, <mask> was nominated for Green Room, Helpmann and Sydney Theatre Awards for Best Leading Actress in a Musical. <mask> appeared as Reno Sweeney in Anything Goes for The Production Company. She starred alongside Todd McKenney (Lord Evelyn Oakleigh), Wayne Scott Kermond (Moonface Martin), Christie Whelan (Erma) and Alex Rathgeber (Billy Crocker). Anything Goes ran from 20 – 24 July 2011 at the State Theatre in The Arts Centre, Melbourne, Victoria. <mask> originated the role of Paula Pokrifki in the World Premiere of An Officer and a Gentleman at the Sydney Lyric Theatre which ran for six weeks in 2012. <mask> was cast opposite Ben Mingay as Zack May, in a production that included Alex Rathgeber, Kate Kendall, Bert Labonte, Bartholomew John and Tara Morice.Despite its short run (18 May 2012 to 1 July 2012) An Officer and A Gentleman was nominated for five Helpmann Awards and five Theatre People Pro Choice Awards including Best Female Actor in a Musical and Best Actress nominations for <mask>. <mask> stepped in to sing the role of Anita in The Production Company's 2015 West Side Story, when actor Deone Zanotto suddenly came down with laryngitis. Anita's spoken dialogue was provided by assistant director Natalie Gilhome, while Zanotto continued to provide the physical performance. Theatre Credits

Concert
<mask> performed her own cabaret "The Story Goes On" at Statement Lounge Bar, in Sydney from 13 July 2006 to 15 July 2006 describing the show as  "... a little tongue-in-cheek, piss-take of my life," <mask> says. "When I was looking at my life trying to make something for this show I [realised] I've done some really cool things, but in essence I'm still

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Amanda Harrison

texts:
 a really big dag." With Wicked castmate Lucy Durack, she sang the Australian national anthem Advance Australia Fair at the opening of the AFL Grand Final. <mask> performed the song "One Short Day" with fellow Wicked cast members at the 2008 Melbourne Myer Windows display to kick off the Christmas Parade.On 24 December, <mask> and Durack sang at Vision Australia's Annual Carols by Candlelight Concert at the Sydney Meyer Music Bowl. On 20 January 2009, <mask> performed at Carnegie Hall as part of Australia Week in "Australia Plays Broadway", where she sang "The Wizard and I" from Wicked, "Arthur's Theme" from The Boy From Oz and "I Still Call Australia Home" alongside Olivia Newton-John, Simon Burke and David Campbell. For the 2010 Rob Guest Endowment Concert, held on 4 October <mask> sang The Story Goes On. In conjunction with Sharon Millerchip and Caroline O’Connor, <mask> performed a tribute to JC Williamson Award winners Nancye Hayes OAM, Toni Lamond AM and Jill Perryman AM MBE at the 2011 Helpmann Awards. On 13 February 2011 at the Seymour Centre in Sydney and then on 28 August at the National Theatre in Melbourne, <mask> performed for Hats Off! an annual fundraising concert presented by Oz Showbiz Cares/Equity Fights AIDS (OSCEFA), then in its 12th year. <mask> also performed at the 2012 concert in Sydney on 13 February.Hats Off raises money to support Australians living with HIV. Martin Crewes performed with <mask> at QPAC Spirit of Christmas on 9–10 December 2011. <mask> performed as a guest at We Will Rock You castmate Michael Falzon's cabaret "Michael Falzon—Plugged In!" in October 2012

<mask> – Up Close and Reasonably Personal debuted in The Basement, The Arts Centre Gold Coast, on 20 July 2013 for The Arts

masks:
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Amanda Harrison


title: Amanda Harrison

texts:
 Centre Gold Coast and Matt Ward Entertainment. This was followed by a performance at Slide in Sydney on 3 October and 17 January 2014, again in Queensland, at The Powerhouse Theatre, Brisbane. It will also make up part of the Melbourne Cabaret Festival in June 2014. Up Close and Reasonably Personal was written by James Millar in collaboration with <mask> and includes songs from a variety of genres.<mask> joined Michael Ball, Lea Salonga David Harris, and Marie Zamora for Enda Markey Presents Do You Hear The People Sing at Shanghai Grand Theatre from 27 November until 1 December 2013. <mask> is to rejoin Harris and Ball in Taipei to continue the tour. No further dates are as yet available. Do You Hear The People Sing features the work of Alain Boublil and Claude-Michel Schönberg including music from Les Misérables and Miss Saigon. She appeared at Sydney's annual Carols in the Domain on 21 December where she sang Let It Go from Disney's Frozen. <mask>, along with Mig Ayesa, Michael Falzon and Carly Thomas-Smith headlined six performances of The Music of Queen - Rock and Symphonic Spectacular. The concert series began on 7 February 2014, at Sydney Opera House with two shows following on 8 February, supported by the Sydney Symphony Orchestra.A further three performances in Perth, Western Australia (Joondalup Resort, Riverside Theatre and Boardwalk Theatre) with the Perth Symphony Orchestra followed between 13–15 February. All three of the Opera House performances sold out and the Perth shows were at capacity, including an 8000-person event for the City of Joondalup at the Joondalup Resort. Other performances

Television
In 2000, <mask> performed in Cardiff, Wales as a finalist at the inaugural Voice of Musical Theatre for

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Amanda Harrison

texts:
 BBC Radio 2. She was subsequently featured in the BBC documentary about the competition Broadway Babies, which aired throughout the UK and Australia. Highlights of her year in London's WWRY included performing at Party in the Park at Hyde Park, and again at Buckingham Palace with Queen members Brian May and Roger Taylor for the Jubilee Celebration, 'Party at the Palace'. <mask>'s TV appearances in the UK include Parkinson, Children in Need and guest roles in Oscar Charlie, Grange Hill and Casualty, all for the BBC. On 27 September 2008, <mask> performed the Australian National Anthem with Wicked co-star Lucy Durack at the 2008 AFL Grand Final.As part of the cast of We Will Rock You, <mask> performed at the opening of the Australian Rules Football Grand Final, 2003 at the (approx) 90,000 person capacity MCG, and aired nationally on the 10 Network Australia. <mask>s appearance as part of the 2013 annual Carols in the Domain was telecast nationally via the Seven Network on Saturday 21 December 2013. She voiced characters for Get Ace, an animation series scheduled for release in January 2014. <mask> was asked to be one of The 100 judges in the Channel 7 talent show All Together Now aired in 2018
<mask> has a recurring role on Neighbours since 2019 as Angela Lane. Recordings
 Included in internationally released cast recording of We Will Rock You
 Featured in promotional release of five songs from An Officer and A Gentleman with Ben Mingay, including
Up Where We Belong, performed by Ben Mingay, <mask>, Kate Kendall and Alex Rathgeber, and
If You Believe in Love, sung by <mask>. I Dreamed A Dream – Hit Songs from Broadway with Michael Falzon; Trisha Crowe; Lucy Maunder; Jacqui Dark; Toni Lamond; Andy Conaghan and the

masks:
Amanda
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Amanda Harrison
Amanda Harrison


title: Russell T Davies

texts: <mask>  (born 27 April 1963), better known as <mask>, is a Welsh screenwriter and television producer whose works include Queer as Folk, The Second Coming, Casanova, the 2005 revival of the BBC One science fiction franchise Doctor Who, Cucumber, Years and Years and It's a Sin. Born in Swansea, <mask> had aspirations as a comic artist before focusing on being a playwright and screenwriter. After graduating from Oxford University, he joined the BBC's children's department, CBBC, in 1985 on a part-time basis and held various positions, which included creating two series, Dark Season and Century Falls. He eventually left the BBC for Granada Television, and in 1994 began writing adult television drama. His early scripts generally explored concepts of religion and sexuality among various backdrops: Revelations was a soap opera about organised religion and featured a lesbian vicar; Springhill was a soap drama about a Catholic family in contemporary Liverpool; The Grand explored society's opinion of subjects such as prostitution, abortion and homosexuality during the interwar period; and Queer as Folk recreated his experiences in the Manchester gay scene. His work in the 2000s included Bob & Rose, which portrayed a gay man who fell in love with a woman; The Second Coming, which focused on the second coming and deicide of Jesus Christ from a mostly non-religious point of view; Mine All Mine, a comedy about a family who discover they own the entire city of Swansea; and Casanova, an adaptation of the complete memoirs of Venetian adventurer Giacomo Casanova. Following the show's sixteen-year hiatus, <mask> revived and ran Doctor Who for the period between 2005 and 2010, with Christopher Eccleston and

masks:
Stephen Russell Davies
Russell T Davies
Davies
Davies


title: Russell T Davies

texts:
 later <mask> in the title role.<mask>' tenure as executive producer of the show saw a surge in popularity which led to the production of two spin-off series, Torchwood and The Sarah Jane Adventures, and the revival of Saturday prime-time dramas as a profitable venture for production companies. <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 2008 for services to drama, which coincided with the announcement he would step down from Doctor Who as the show's executive producer with his final script, "The End of Time" (2009–10). <mask> moved to Los Angeles in 2009, where he oversaw production of Torchwood: Miracle Day and the fifth and final series of The Sarah Jane Adventures. <mask> is set to return as showrunner of Doctor Who in 2023, the show's sixtieth anniversary. After his partner developed cancer in late 2011, <mask> returned to the UK. He co-created the CBBC drama Wizards vs Aliens, and created Cucumber, a Channel 4 series about middle-aged gay men in the Manchester gay scene; Banana, an E4 series about young LGBT people in the Cucumber universe; and Tofu, an All 4 documentary series which discussed LGBT issues. <mask>' later work for BBC One in the 2010s include A Midsummer Night's Dream, a television film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play; A Very English Scandal, a miniseries adaptation of John Preston's novel; and Years and Years, a drama series which follows a Manchester family affected by political, economic, and technological changes to Britain over 15 years.<mask> returned to Channel 4 for a third time in 2021 as creator of It's a Sin, a semi-autobiographical drama about the HIV/AIDS crisis of the 1980s and 1990s. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on 27

masks:
David Tennant
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Stephen Russell
Davies


title: Russell T Davies

texts: April 1963 at Mount Pleasant Hospital in Swansea. His father, <mask> (1925–2015), and his mother, Barbara (1929–1999), were teachers. <mask> was the youngest of three children and their only son. Because he was born by caesarean section, his mother was placed on a morphine drip and was institutionalised after an overdose resulted in a psychotic episode. He described his mother's experience as "literally ... like science fiction" and an early inspiration for his writing career. As a child, <mask> was almost always referred to by his middle name.He grew up in a household that "never switched the TV off" until after closedown, and he subsequently became immersed in dramas such as I, Claudius and Doctor Who. One of his first memories, at the age of three, was the 1966 Doctor Who serial The Tenth Planet. He was also an avid cartoonist and comics enthusiast, and purchased series such as Asterix and Peanuts. <mask> attended Tycoch Primary School in Sketty and enrolled at Olchfa School aged 11. In his first year, the main school buildings were closed for rebuilding after inspectors discovered the high alumina cement used in construction had caused other public buildings to collapse. Lessons were instead held in portable buildings, which influenced <mask>' imagination to create mystery, science-fiction, and conspiracy thriller stories about the main building. He also immersed himself in books such as Sons and Lovers by D. H. Lawrence and The Crystal Mouse by Babs H. Deal; the latter influenced him so much he could "see it echoing in anything" he wrote.At age 14, he auditioned for and joined the newly formed West Glamorgan Youth Theatre Company (WGYTC). The group's founder and director, Godfrey

masks:
Vivian Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies
Davies


title: Russell T Davies

texts: Evans, considered him to be "a total all-rounder" who was talented and popular with the other students. Working with the group allowed him to define his sexual identity, and he embarked on a several-month relationship with fellow youth actor Rhian Morgan. He later came out as homosexual in his teenage years. In 1979, <mask> completed his O-Levels and stayed at Olchfa with the ambition to study English literature at the University of Oxford; he abandoned his aspirations of becoming a comic artist after a careers advisor convinced him that his colour-blindness would make that path unlikely. During his studies, he participated in the WGYTC's assignments to create Welsh language drama to be performed at the National Eisteddfod of Wales; two such productions were Pair Dadeni, a play based on the Mabinogion myth cycle, and Perthyn, a drama about community belonging and identity in early-1980s West Glamorgan. In 1981, he was accepted by Worcester College, Oxford to study English literature.At Oxford, he realised he was enamoured with the narrative aspect of fiction, especially 19th-century literature such as Charles Dickens. <mask> continued to submit scripts to the WGYT during his studies at Oxford, including Box, a play about the influence of television which Evans noted contained <mask>' penchants for misdirecting the audience and mixing comedy and drama; In Her Element, which centred on the animation of still objects; and Hothouse, an Alan Bennett-inspired piece about internal politics in an advertising office. In 1984, he made his final performance for the WGYT and signed up for a course in Theatre Studies at Cardiff University after he graduated from Oxford. He worked sporadically for the

masks: Davies Davies Davies


title: Russell T Davies

texts:
 Sherman Theatre's publicity department and claimed unemployment benefit in the interim. In 1985, <mask> began his professional television career after a friend suggested he should talk to a television producer who was seeking a temporary graphic artist for the children's show Why Don't You? Children's television career (1985–1993)
<mask> was taken on as a member of the BBC Wales children's department (CBBC) in 1985 and given one-day contracts and commissions, such as illustrating for Why Don't You?. As he was only given three days of work per month by the BBC, he continued to freelance and volunteer for the Sherman Theatre.In 1986, he was approached by the Sunday Sport before its launch to provide a football-themed daily strip; he declined because he was concerned about the pornographic content of the newspaper. He submitted a script for Crossroads in response to an appeal for new writers; it was not used because the show was cancelled in 1987. He ultimately abandoned his graphic art career entirely when he realised in his early twenties that he enjoyed writing the dialogue of a comic more than creating the art. On 1 June 1987, <mask> made his first and only appearance as a television presenter on Play School alongside regular presenter Chloë Ashcroft. Why Don't You? line producer Peter Charlton suggested that he would "be good on camera" and advised him to take his career public. <mask> was granted the opportunity for sporadic appearances over a period of six months; he hosted only one episode as a storytelling illustrator before he walked off the set and commented he was "not doing that again".The appearance remains an in-joke in the industry, and the recordings were invariably

masks: Davies Davies Davies Davies


title: Russell T Davies

texts: requested for wrap parties <mask> attended. On Why Don't You?, <mask> held various jobs including: researcher, director, illustrator, assistant floor manager and unofficial publicist for fan-mail. He was offered his first professional scriptwriting job in 1986 by producer Dave Evans; he had entered Evans's office to collect his wages and was offered an extra £100 to write a replacement script. <mask>' script was positively received by the CBBC and led to increasingly larger roles which culminated in a six-month contract to write for the show after it relocated to Manchester in 1988. He worked for the show for two more years and became the show's producer. He oversaw an increase in drama which tripled its audience—despite the fact BBC Manchester was not permitted by the corporation to create children's dramas—which reached its climax with his last episode: a drama where the Why Don't You? protagonists, led by the show's longest running presenter Ben Slade, were trapped in a café by a supercomputer which tried to kill them.While producing Why Don't You?, <mask> branched out within CBBC at BBC Manchester: he attended directors' courses; wrote for older audiences with his contributions to DEF II and On the Waterfront; and accompanied Keith Chegwin to Norway to assist in the production of a children's documentary about politics. The head of CBBC, Ed Pugh, offered him the chance to produce Breakfast Serials, a new series scheduled for an 8:00 am slot. Breakfast Serials incorporated elements of non-sequitur comedy and popular culture references aimed at older pupils, such as a parody of Land of the Giants. He decided to leave the CBBC during the production of Breakfast Serials: a friend called


title: Russell T Davies

texts:
 him after the first episode was transmitted and observed he had "broadcast a joke about the juvenilia of Emily Brontë at eight o'clock in the morning"; the conversation caused him to reflect he was writing for the wrong audience. <mask> worked as a writer on three more children's series while he pursued an adult drama career, creating Dark Season and Century Falls, and writing for Children's Ward. Dark Season and Century Falls

During his tenure on Why Don't You?, <mask> oversaw the production of a story that took place in Loch Ness. The story was the precursor for his first freelance children's project: Dark Season.The show, originally called The Adventuresome Three, would feature the Why Don't You? characters in a purely dramatic setting influenced by his childhood. He submitted the script to the head of CBBC, Anna Home, and Granada Television. Both companies were interested in producing the show with minor changes: Granada wished to produce it as one six-part serial, as opposed to <mask>' plan of two three-part serials; and Home was interested in accepting the show on the condition it included a new cast of characters. He accepted Home's offer, and the show was allocated the budget and timeslot of Maid Marian and her Merry Men, which had been put on hiatus the year before. The first three episodes of Dark Season feature three young teenagers in a contemporary secondary school, Reet (Kate Winslet), Marcie (Victoria Lambert), and <mask> (Ben Chandler), who discover a plot by the villain Mr Eldritch (Grant Parsons) to take over the world using school computers. Eldritch is eventually defeated by Marcie and the computer expert Professor Polzinsky (Rosalie Crutchley).The next three episodes

masks: Davies Davies Davies Tom