title: Lana Turner

texts: A remake of The Broadway Melody, the film was marketed as featuring <mask>'s "hottest, most daring role". The following year, she had a lead role in her second musical, Ziegfeld Girl, opposite James Stewart, Judy Garland and Hedy Lamarr. In the film, she portrayed Sheila Regan, an alcoholic aspiring actress based on Lillian Lorraine. Ziegfeld Girl marked a personal and professional shift for <mask>; she claimed it as the first role that got her "interested in acting", and the studio, impressed by her performance, marketed the film as featuring her in "the best role of the biggest picture to be released by the industry's biggest company". The film's high box-office returns elevated <mask>'s profitability, and MGM gave her a weekly salary raise to $1,500 as well as a personal makeup artist and trailer ($ in  dollars ).After completing the film, <mask> and co-star Garland remained lifelong friends, and lived in houses next to one another in the 1950s. Following the success of Ziegfeld Girl, <mask> took a supporting role as an ingénue in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1941), a Freudian-influenced horror film, opposite Spencer Tracy and Ingrid Bergman. MGM had initially cast <mask> in the lead, but Tracy specifically requested Bergman for the part. The studio recast <mask> in the smaller role, though she was still given top billing. While the film was financially successful, Time magazine panned it, calling it "a pretentious resurrection of Robert Louis Stevenson's ghoulish classic ... As for <mask>, fully clad for a change, and the rest of the cast ... they are as wooden as their roles." <mask> was then cast in the Western Honky Tonk (1941), the first of four

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title: Lana Turner

type: original

texts: films in which she would star opposite Clark Gable. The Turner-Gable films' successes were often heightened by gossip-column rumors about a relationship between the two.In January 1942, she began shooting her second picture with Gable, titled Somewhere I'll Find You; however, the production was halted for several weeks after the death of Gable's wife, Carole Lombard, in a plane crash. Meanwhile, the press continued to fuel rumors that <mask> and Gable were romantic offscreen, which <mask> vehemently denied. "I adored Mr. Gable, but we were [just] friends," she later recalled. "When six o'clock came, he went his way and I went mine." Her next project was Johnny Eager (1941), a violent mobster film in which she portrayed a socialite. James Agee of Time magazine was critical of co-star Robert Taylor's performance and noted: "<mask> is similarly handicapped: Metro has swathed her best assets in a toga, swears that she shall become an actress, or else. Under these adverse circumstances, stars Taylor and <mask> are working under wraps."At the advent of World War II, <mask>'s increasing prominence in Hollywood led to her becoming a popular pin-up girl, and her image appeared painted on the noses of U.S. fighter planes, bearing the nickname "Tempest <mask>". In June 1942, she embarked on a 10-week war-bond tour throughout the western United States with Gable. During the tour, she began promising kisses to the highest war bond buyers; while selling bonds at the Pioneer Courthouse in Portland, Oregon, she sold a $5,000 bond to a man for two kisses, and another to an elderly man for $50,000. Arriving to sell bonds in her hometown of Wallace, Idaho, she was greeted

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title: Lana Turner

texts: with a banner that read "Welcome home, <mask>", followed by a large celebration during which the mayor declared a holiday in her honor. Upon completing the tour, <mask> had sold $5.25 million in war bonds. Throughout the war, <mask> continued to make regular appearances at U.S. troop events and area bases, though she confided to friends that she found visiting the hospital wards of injured soldiers emotionally difficult. In July 1942, <mask> met her second husband, actor-turned-restaurateur Joseph Stephen "Steve" Crane, at a dinner party in Los Angeles.The two eloped to Las Vegas a week after they began dating. Their marriage was annulled by <mask> four months later upon discovering that Crane's previous divorce had not yet been finalized. After discovering she was pregnant in November 1942, <mask> remarried Crane in Tijuana in March 1943. During her early pregnancy, she filmed the comedy Marriage Is a Private Affair, in which she starred as a carefree woman struggling to balance her new life as a mother. Though she wanted multiple children, <mask> had Rh-negative blood, which caused fetal anemia and made it difficult to carry a child to term. <mask> was urged by doctors to undergo a therapeutic abortion to avoid potentially life-threatening complications, but she managed to carry the child to term. She gave birth to a daughter, Cheryl, on July 25, 1943.<mask>'s blood condition resulted in Cheryl being born with near-fatal erythroblastosis fetalis. Meanwhile, publicity over <mask>'s remarriage to Crane led MGM to play up her image as a sex symbol in Slightly Dangerous (1943), with Robert Young, Walter Brennan and Dame May Whitty, in which she portrayed a

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title: Lana Turner

texts:
 woman who moves to New York City and poses as the long-lost daughter of a millionaire. Released in the midst of <mask>'s pregnancy, the film was financially successful but received mixed reviews, with Bosley Crowther of The New York Times writing: "No less than four Metro writers must have racked their brains for all of five minutes to think up the rags-to-riches fable ... Indeed, there is cause for suspicion that they didn't even bother to think." Critic Anita Loos praised <mask>'s performance in the film, writing: "<mask> typifies modern allure. She is the vamp of today as Theda Bara was of yesterday. However, she doesn't look like a vamp.She is far more deadly because she lets her audience relax." In August 1944, <mask> divorced Crane, citing his gambling and unemployment as primary reasons. A lifelong Democrat, she spent the remainder of the year campaigning for Franklin D. Roosevelt during the 1944 presidential election. In 1945, she co-starred with Laraine Day and Susan Peters in Keep Your Powder Dry, a war drama about three disparate women who join the Women's Army Corps. She was then cast as the female lead in Week-End at the Waldorf, a loose remake of Grand Hotel (1932) in which she portrayed a stenographer (a role originated by Joan Crawford). The film was a box-office hit. 1946–1948: Expansion to dramatic roles

After the war, <mask> was cast in a lead role opposite John Garfield in The Postman Always Rings Twice (1946), a film noir based on James M. Cain's debut novel of the same name.She portrayed Cora, an ambitious woman married to a stodgy, older owner of a roadside diner, who falls in love with a drifter and their desire to be together

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 motivates them to murder her husband. The classic film noir marked a turning point in <mask>'s career as her first femme fatale role. Reviews of the film, including <mask>'s performance, were glowing, with Bosley Crowther of The New York Times writing it was "the role of her career". Life magazine named the film its "Movie of the Week" in April 1946, and noted that both <mask> and Garfield were "aptly cast" and "take over the screen, [creating] more fireworks than the Fourth of July". <mask> commented on her decision to take the role:

The Postman Always Rings Twice became a major box office success, which prompted the studio to take more risks on <mask>, casting her outside of the glamorous sex-symbol roles for which she had come to be known. In August 1946, it was announced she would replace Katharine Hepburn in the big-budget historical drama Green Dolphin Street (1947), a role for which she darkened her hair and lost 15 pounds. The film was produced by Carey Wilson, who insisted on casting <mask> based on her performance in The Postman Always Rings Twice.In the film, she portrayed the daughter of a wealthy patriarch who pursues a relationship with a man in love with her sister. <mask> later recalled she was surprised about replacing Hepburn, saying: "I'm about the most un-Hepburnish actress on the lot. But it was just what I wanted to do." It was her first starring role that did not center on her looks. In an interview, <mask> said: "I even go running around in the jungles of New Zealand in a dress that's filthy and ragged. I don't wear any make-up and my hair's a mess." Nevertheless, she insisted she would not give up her glamorous image.In the

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texts: midst of filming Green Dolphin Street, <mask> began an affair with actor Tyrone Power, whom she considered to be the love of her life. She discovered she was pregnant with Power's child in the fall of 1947, but chose to have an abortion. During this time, she also had romantic affairs with Frank Sinatra and Howard Hughes, the latter of which lasted for 12 weeks in late 1946. <mask>'s next film was the romantic drama Cass Timberlane, in which she played a young woman in love with an older judge, a role for which Jennifer Jones, Vivien Leigh and Virginia Grey had also been considered. As of early 1946, <mask> was set for the role, but schedules with Green Dolphin Street almost prohibited her from taking it, and by late 1946, she was nearly recast. Production of Cass Timberlane was exhausting for <mask>, because it was shot in between retakes of Green Dolphin Street. Cass Timberlane earned <mask> favorable reviews, with Variety noting: "<mask> is the surprise of the picture via her top performance thespically.In a role that allows her the gamut from tomboy to the pangs of childbirth and from being another man's woman to remorseful wife, she seldom fails to acquit herself creditably." In August 1947, immediately upon completion of Cass Timberlane, <mask> agreed to appear as the female lead in the World War II-set romantic drama Homecoming (1948), in which she was again paired with Clark Gable, portraying a female army lieutenant who falls in love with an American surgeon (Gable). She was the studio's first choice for the role, but it was reluctant to offer her the part, considering her overbooked schedule. Homecoming was well received by audiences, and

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texts:
 <mask> and Gable were nicknamed "the team that generates steam". By this period, <mask> was at the zenith of her film career, and was not only MGM's most popular star, but also one of the ten highest-paid women in the United States, with annual earnings of $226,000. 1948–1952: Studio rebranding and personal struggles
In late 1947, <mask> was cast as Lady de Winter in The Three Musketeers, her first Technicolor film. Around this time, she began dating Henry J."Bob" Topping Jr., a millionaire socialite and brother of New York Yankees owner Dan Topping, and a grandson of tin-plate magnate Daniel G. Reid. Topping proposed to her at the 21 Club in New York City by dropping a diamond ring into her martini, and they married shortly after in April 1948 at the Topping family mansion in Greenwich, Connecticut. <mask>'s wedding celebrations interfered with her filming schedule for The Three Musketeers, and she arrived to the set three days late. Studio head Louis B. Mayer threatened to suspend her contract, but <mask> managed to leverage her box-office draw with MGM to negotiate an expansion of her role in the film, as well as a salary increase amounting to $5,000 per week ($ in  dollars ). The Three Musketeers went on to become a box-office success, earning $4.5 million ($ in  dollars ), but <mask>'s contract was put on temporary suspension by Mayer after production finished. After the release of The Three Musketeers, <mask> discovered she was pregnant; in early 1949, she went into premature labor and gave birth to a stillborn baby boy in New York City. In 1949, <mask> was to star in A Life of Her Own (1950), a George Cukor-directed drama about a woman who aspires


title: Lana Turner

texts: to be a model in New York City.The project was shelved for several months, and <mask> told journalists in December 1949: "Everybody agrees that the script is still a pile of junk. I'm anxious to get started. By the time this one comes out, it will be almost three years since I was last on the screen, in The Three Musketeers. I don't think it's healthy to stay off the screen that long." Though she was unenthusiastic about the screenplay, <mask> agreed to appear in the film after executives promised her suspension would be lifted upon doing so. A Life of Her Own was among the least successful of Cukor's films, receiving unfavorable reviews and low box-office sales. On May 24, 1950, <mask> left her handprints and footprints in cement in front of Grauman's Chinese Theatre.In response to the poor reception for A Life of Her Own, MGM attempted to rebrand <mask> by casting her in musicals. The first, Mr. Imperium, released in March 1951, was a box-office flop, and had <mask> starring as an American woman who is wooed by a European prince. "The script was stupid," she recalled. "I fought against doing the picture, but I lost." It earned her unfavorable reviews, with one critic from the St. Petersburg Times writing: "Without <mask>, Mr. Imperium ... would be a better picture." During this period, <mask>'s personal finances were in disarray, and she was facing bankruptcy. Suffering from chronic depression over her career and financial problems, she attempted suicide in September 1951 by slitting her wrists in a locked bathroom.She was saved by her business manager, Benton Cole, who broke down the bathroom door and called emergency medical services. The following

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texts:
 year, she began filming her second musical, The Merry Widow. During the shoot, <mask> began an affair with her co-star Fernando Lamas, which ended after Lamas physically assaulted her; the incident also caused Lamas to lose his MGM contract upon the production's completion. The Merry Widow proved more commercially successful than <mask>'s previous musical, Mr. Imperium, despite receiving unfavorable critical reviews. <mask>'s next project was opposite Kirk Douglas in Vincente Minnelli's The Bad and the Beautiful (1952), a drama focusing on the rise and fall of a Hollywood film mogul, in which <mask> portrayed an alcoholic movie star. The Bad and the Beautiful was both a critical and commercial success, and earned her favorable reviews. A little over a week before the film's release in December 1952, <mask> divorced her third husband, Bob Topping.She later claimed Topping's drinking problem and excessive gambling as her impetus for the divorce. Her next film project was Latin Lovers (1953), a romantic musical in which Lamas had originally been cast. He was replaced by Ricardo Montalbán. 1953–1957: MGM departure and film resurgence
In the spring of 1953, <mask> relocated to Europe for 18 months to make two films under a tax credit for American productions shot abroad. The films were Flame and the Flesh, in which she portrayed a manipulative woman who takes advantage of a musician, and Betrayed, an espionage thriller set in the Nazi-occupied Netherlands; the latter marked <mask>'s fourth and final film appearance opposite Clark Gable. In The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote of Betrayed: "By the time this picture gets around to figuring out whether the


title: Lana Turner

texts: betrayer is <mask> or Mr. Mature, it has taken the audience through such a lengthy and tedious amount of detail that it has not only frayed all possible tension but it has aggravated patience as well."Upon returning to the United States in September 1953, <mask> married actor Lex Barker, whom she had been dating since their first meeting at a party held by Marion Davies in the summer of 1952. In 1955, MGM's new studio head Dore Schary had <mask> star as a pagan temptress in the Biblical epic The Prodigal (1955), her first CinemaScope feature. She was reluctant to appear in the film because of the character's scanty, "atrocious" costumes and "stupid" lines, and during the shoot struggled to get along with co-star Edmund Purdom, whom she later described as "a young man with a remarkably high opinion of himself". Variety deemed the film "a big-scale spectacle ...End result of all this flamboyant polish, however, is only fair entertainment." <mask> was next cast in John Farrow's The Sea Chase (1955), an adventure film starring John Wayne, in which she portrayed a femme fatale spy aboard a ship. The film, released one month after The Prodigal, was a commercial success. MGM then gave <mask> the titular role of Diane de Poitiers in the period drama Diane (1956), which had originally been optioned by the studio in the 1930s for Greta Garbo.After completing Diane, <mask> was loaned to 20th Century-Fox to headline The Rains of Ranchipur (1955), a remake of The Rains Came (1939), playing the wife of an aristocrat in the British Raj opposite Richard Burton. The production was rushed to accommodate a Christmas release and was completed in only three months, but it

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texts: received unfavorable reviews from critics. Meanwhile, Diane was given a test screening in late December 1955, and was met with poor response from audiences. Though an elaborate marketing campaign was crafted to promote the film, it was a box-office flop, and MGM announced in February 1956 that it was opting not to renew <mask>'s contract. <mask> gleefully told a reporter at the time that she was "walking around in a daze. I've been sprung. After 18 years at MGM, I'm a free agent ...I used to go on a bended knee to the front office and say, please give me a decent story.I'll work for nothing, just give me a good story. So what happened? The last time I begged for a good story they gave me The Prodigal." At the time of her contract termination, <mask>'s films had earned the studio more than $50 million. In 1956, <mask> discovered she was pregnant with Barker's child, but gave birth to a stillborn baby girl seven months into the pregnancy. In July 1957, she filed for divorce from Barker after her daughter Cheryl alleged that he had regularly molested and raped her over the course of their marriage. According to Cheryl, <mask> confronted Barker before forcing him out of their home at gunpoint.Weeks after her divorce, <mask> began filming 20th Century-Fox's Peyton Place, in which she had been cast in the lead role of Constance MacKenzie, a New England mother struggling to maintain a relationship with her teenage daughter. The film, directed by Mark Robson, was adapted from Grace Metalious' best-selling novel of the same name. Released in December 1957, Peyton Place was a major blockbuster success, which worked in <mask>'s favor as she had agreed to take a


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texts:
 percentage of the film's overall earnings instead of a salary. She also received critical acclaim, with Variety noting that "<mask> looks elegant" and "registers strongly", and, for the first and only time, she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Though grateful for the nomination, <mask> would later state that she felt it was not "one of my better roles". 1958–1959: Johnny Stompanato homicide scandal

In January 1958, Paramount Pictures released The Lady Takes a Flyer, a romantic comedy in which <mask> portrayed a female pilot. While shooting the film the previous spring, she had begun receiving phone calls and flowers on the set from mobster Johnny Stompanato, using the name "John Steele".Stompanato had close ties to the Los Angeles underworld and gangster Mickey Cohen, which he feared would dissuade her from dating him. He pursued <mask> aggressively, sending her various gifts. <mask> was "thoroughly intrigued" and began casually dating him. After a friend informed her of who Stompanato actually was, she confronted him and tried to break off the affair. Stompanato was not easily deterred, and over the course of the following year, they carried on a relationship filled with violent arguments, physical abuse and repeated reconciliations. <mask> would also claim that on one occasion he drugged her and took nude photographs of her while unconscious, potentially to use as blackmail. In September 1957, Stompanato visited <mask> in London, where she was filming Another Time, Another Place, co-starring Sean Connery.Their meeting was initially happy, but they soon began fighting. Stompanato became suspicious when <mask> would not allow him to


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texts:
 visit the set and, during one fight, he violently choked her. To avoid further confrontation, <mask> and her makeup artist, Del Armstrong, called Scotland Yard in order to have Stompanato deported. Stompanato got wind of the plan and showed up on the set with a gun, threatening her and Connery. Connery answered by grabbing the gun out of Stompanato's hand and twisting his wrist, causing him to run off the set. <mask> and Armstrong later returned with two Scotland Yard detectives to the rented house where she and Stompanato were staying. The detectives advised Stompanato to leave and escorted him out of the house and to the airport, where he boarded a plane back to the U.S.

On the evening of March 26, 1958, <mask> attended the Academy Awards to observe her nomination for Peyton Place and present the award for Best Supporting Actor.Stompanato, angered that he did not attend with her, awaited her return home that evening, whereupon he physically assaulted her. Around 8:00 p.m. on Friday, April 4, Stompanato arrived at <mask>'s rented home at 730 North Bedford Drive in Beverly Hills. The two began arguing heatedly in the bedroom, during which Stompanato threatened to kill <mask>, her daughter Cheryl and her mother. Fearing that her mother's life was in danger, Cheryl - who had been watching television in an adjacent room - grabbed a kitchen knife and ran to <mask>'s defense. According to testimony provided by <mask>, Stompanato died at the scene when Cheryl, who had been listening to the couple's fight behind the closed door, stabbed Stompanato in the stomach when <mask> attempted to usher him out of the bedroom. <mask> testified that she initially believed

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texts: Cheryl had punched him, but realized Stompanato had been stabbed when he collapsed and she saw blood on his shirt. Because of <mask>'s fame and the fact that the killing involved her teenage daughter, the case quickly became a media sensation.More than 100 reporters and journalists attended the April 12, 1958 inquest, described by attendees as "near-riotous". After four hours of testimony and approximately 25 minutes of deliberation, the jury deemed the killing a justifiable homicide. Cheryl remained a temporary ward of the court until April 24, when a juvenile court hearing was held, during which the judge expressed concerns over her receiving "proper parental supervision". She was ultimately released to the care of her grandmother, and was ordered to regularly visit a psychiatrist alongside her parents. Though <mask> and her daughter were exonerated of any wrongdoing, public opinion on the event was varied, with numerous publications intimating that <mask>'s testimony at the inquest was a performance; Life magazine published a photo of <mask> testifying in court along with stills of her in courtroom scenes from three of her films. The scandal also coincided with the release of Another Time, Another Place, and the film was met with poor box-office receipts and a lackluster critical response. Stompanato's family sought a wrongful death suit of $750,000 in damages against both <mask> and her ex-husband, Steve Crane.In the suit, Stompanato's son alleged that <mask> had been responsible for his death, and that her daughter had taken the blame. The suit was settled out of court for a reported $20,000 in May 1962. A 1962 novel by Harold Robbins entitled Where


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texts:
 Love Has Gone and its subsequent film adaptation were inspired by the event. 1959–1965: Financial successes
In the wake of negative publicity related to Stompanato's death, <mask> accepted the lead role in Ross Hunter's remake of Imitation of Life (1959) under the direction of Douglas Sirk. She portrayed a struggling stage actress who makes personal sacrifices to further her career. The production was difficult for <mask> given the recent events of her personal life, and she suffered a panic attack on the first day of filming. Her co-star Juanita Moore recalled that <mask> cried for three days after filming a scene in which Moore's character dies.When she returned to the set, "her face was so swollen, she couldn't work", Moore said. Released in the spring of 1959, Imitation of Life was among the year's biggest successes, and the biggest of <mask>'s career; by opting to receive 50% of the film's earnings rather than receiving a salary, she earned more than two million dollars. Imitation of Life made more than $50 million in box office receipts. Reviews were mixed, although Variety praised her performance, writing: "<mask> plays a character of changing moods, and her changes are remarkably effective, as she blends love and understanding, sincerity and ambition. The growth of maturity is reflected neatly in her distinguished portrayal." Critics and audiences could not help noticing that the plots of Peyton Place and Imitation of Life both seemed to mirror certain parts of <mask>'s private life, resulting in comparisons she found painful. Both films depicted the troubled, complicated relationship between a single mother and her teenage daughter.During this


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texts: time, <mask>'s daughter Cheryl privately came out as a lesbian to her parents, who were both supportive of her. Despite this, Cheryl ran away from home multiple times and the press wrote about her rebelliousness. Worried she was still suffering from the trauma of Stompanato's death, <mask> sent Cheryl to the Institute of Living in Hartford, Connecticut. Shortly before the release of Imitation of Life in the spring of 1959, <mask> was cast in a lead role in Otto Preminger's Anatomy of a Murder, but walked off the set over a wardrobe disagreement, effectively dropping out of the production. She was replaced by Lee Remick. Instead, <mask> took a lead role as a disturbed socialite in the film noir Portrait in Black (1960) opposite Anthony Quinn and Sandra Dee, which was a box-office success despite bad reviews. Ray Duncan of the Independent Star-News wrote that <mask> "suffers prettily through it all, like a fashion model with a tight-fitting shoe".In November 1960, <mask> married her fifth husband, Frederick "Fred" May, a rancher and member of the May department-store family whom she had met at a beach party in Malibu shortly after filming Imitation of Life. <mask> moved in with him on his ranch in Chino, California, where the two took care of horses and other animals. The following year, she made her final film at MGM with Bob Hope in Bachelor in Paradise (1961), a romantic comedy about an investigative writer (Hope) working on a book about the wives of a lavish California community; the film received a mostly positive critical reception. Upon completing filming, <mask> collected the remaining $92,000 from her pension fund with MGM. The same year, she


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texts:
 starred in By Love Possessed (1961), based on a bestselling novel by James Gould Cozzens. The film became the first in-flight movie to be shown on a regular basis on a scheduled airline flight when TWA showed it to its first-class passengers. In mid-1962, <mask> filmed Who's Got the Action?, a comedy in which she portrayed the wife of a gambling addict opposite Dean Martin.In September of that year, <mask> and May separated, divorcing shortly after in October. They remained friends throughout her later life. In 1965, she met Hollywood producer and businessman Robert Eaton, who was ten years her junior, through business associates. The two married in June of that year at his family's home in Arlington, Virginia. 1966–1985: Later films, television and theatre

In 1966, <mask> had her last major starring role in the courtroom drama film Madame X, based on the 1904 play by Alexandre Bisson, in which <mask> portrayed a lower-class woman who marries into a wealthy family. A review in the Chicago Tribune praised her performance, noting: "when she takes the stand in the final (with Keir Dullea) courtroom scene, her face resembling a dust bowl victory garden, it's the most devastating denouement since Barbara Fritchie poked her head out the window." Kaspar Monahan of the Pittsburgh Press lauded her performance, writing: "Her performance, I think, is far and away her very best, even rating Oscar consideration in next year's Academy Award race, unless the culture snobs gang up against her."The role earned <mask> a David di Donatello Golden Plaque Award for Best Foreign Actress that year. In late 1968, she began filming the low-budget thriller The Big Cube,  in

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texts: which she portrayed a glamorous heiress being dosed with LSD by her stepdaughter in hopes of driving her insane and receiving the family estate. One critic deemed <mask>'s acting in the film "strained and amateurish", and declared it "one of her poorest performances". In April 1969, <mask> filed for divorce from Eaton after four years of marriage upon discovering he had been unfaithful to her. Weeks later, on May 9, 1969, she married Ronald Pellar, a nightclub hypnotist whom she had met at a Los Angeles disco. According to <mask>, Pellar (also known as Ronald Dante or Dr. Dante) falsely claimed to have been raised in Singapore and to have a Ph.D. in psychology. With few film offers coming in, <mask> signed on to appear in the television series Harold Robbins' The Survivors.Premiering in September 1969, the series was given a major national marketing campaign, with billboards featuring life-sized images of <mask>. Despite ABC's extensive publicity campaign and the presence of other big-name stars, the program fared badly, and it was canceled halfway into the season after a 15-week run in 1970. Meanwhile, after six months of marriage, <mask> discovered Pellar had stolen $35,000 she had given him for an investment. In addition, she later accused him of stealing $100,000 worth of jewelry from her. Pellar denied the accusations and no charges were filed against him. She filed for divorce in January 1970, after which she claimed to be celibate for the remainder of her life. <mask> married a total of eight times to seven different husbands, and later famously said: "My goal was to have one husband and seven children, but it turned out to be the other way


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texts: around."<mask> returned to feature films with a lead role in the 1974 British horror film Persecution, in which she played a disturbed wealthy woman tormenting her son. Variety noted of her performance: "Under the circumstances, <mask>'s performance as Carrie, the perverted dame of the English manor, has reasonable poise." In April 1975, <mask> spoke at a retrospective gala in New York City examining her career, which was attended by Andy Warhol, Sylvia Miles, Rex Reed and numerous fans. Her next film was Bittersweet Love (1976), a romantic comedy in which she portrayed the mother of a woman who unwittingly marries her half-brother. Lawrence Van Gelder of The New York Times wrote that the film served "as a reminder that <mask> was never one of our subtler actresses". In the early 1970s, <mask> transitioned to theater, beginning with a production of Forty Carats, which toured various East Coast cities in 1971. A review in The Philadelphia Inquirer noted: "Miss <mask> always could wear clothes well, and her Forty Carats is a fashion show in the guise of a frothy, little comedy.It wasn't much of a play even when Julie Harris was doing it, and it all but disappears under the old-time Hollywood glamor of <mask>'s star presence." In 1975, <mask> gave a single performance as Jessica Poole in The Pleasure of His Company opposite Louis Jourdan at the Arlington Park Theater in Chicago. From 1976 to 1978, she starred in a touring production of Bell, Book and Candle, playing Gillian Holroyd. Critic Elaine Matas noted of a 1977 performance that <mask> was "brilliant" and "the bright spot in an otherwise mediocre play". In the fall of 1978, she appeared in a Chicago

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texts: production of Divorce Me, Darling, an original play in which she portrayed a San Francisco divorce attorney. During rehearsals, a stagehand told reporters that <mask> was "the hardest working broad I've known". Richard Christiansen of the Chicago Tribune praised her performance, writing that, "though she is still a very nervous and inexpert actress, she is giving by far her most winning performance".Between 1979 and 1980, <mask> returned to theater, appearing in Murder Among Friends, a murder-mystery play that showed in various U.S. cities. During this time, <mask> was in the midst of a self-described "downhill slide". She was suffering from an alcohol addiction that had begun in the late 1950s, was missing performances and weighed only . In 1980, <mask> made her final feature-film appearance alongside Teri Garr in the comedy horror film Witches' Brew. The same year, she had what she referred to as a "religious awakening", and again began practicing her Catholic faith. On October 25, 1981, the National Film Society presented <mask> with an Artistry in Cinema award. In December 1981, it was announced that <mask> would appear as the mysterious Jacqueline Perrault in an episode of Falcon Crest, marking her first television role in 12 years.Her appearance was a ratings success, and her character returned for an additional five episodes. In January 1982, <mask> reprised her role in Murder Among Friends, which toured throughout the U.S. that year; paired with Bob Fosse's Dancin', the play earned a combined gross of $400,000 during one week at Pittsburgh's Heinz Hall in June 1982. In September, <mask> released an autobiography entitled <mask>: The Lady, the

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texts:
 Legend, the Truth. She subsequently guest-starred on an episode of The Love Boat in 1985, which marked her final on-screen appearance. 1986–1995: Illness and death
<mask> was a regular drinker and cigarette smoker for most of her life. During her contract with MGM, photographs that showed her holding cigarettes had to be airbrushed at the studio's request in an effort to conceal her smoking. In her early 60s, <mask> stopped drinking to preserve her health, but she was unable to quit smoking.She was diagnosed with throat cancer in the spring of 1992. In a press release, she stated that the cancer had been detected early and had not damaged her vocal cords or larynx. She underwent exploratory surgery to remove the cancer, but it had metastasized to her jaw and lungs. After undergoing radiation therapy, <mask> announced that she was in full remission in early 1993. The cancer was found to have returned in July 1994. In September 1994, <mask> made her final public appearance at the San Sebastián International Film Festival in Spain to accept a Lifetime Achievement Award, and was confined to a wheelchair for much of the event. She died nine months later at the age of 74 on June 29, 1995, of complications from the cancer, at her home in Century City, Los Angeles, with her daughter by her side.According to Cheryl, <mask>'s death was a "total shock", as she had appeared to be in better health and had recently completed seven weeks of radiation therapy. <mask>'s remains were cremated and given to Cheryl. Multiple accounts have the ashes still in Cheryl's possession, while other accounts say the ashes were scattered in the ocean, but which ocean and location


title: Lana Turner

texts:
 varies by the sources. Cheryl and her life partner Joyce LeRoy, whom <mask> said she accepted "as a second daughter", inherited some of <mask>'s personal effects and $50,000 in <mask>'s will. Her estate was estimated in court documents to be worth $1.7 million. <mask> left the majority of her estate to her maid, Carmen Lopez Cruz, who had been her companion for 45 years and caregiver during her final illness. Cheryl challenged the will, and Cruz said that the majority of the estate was consumed by probate costs, legal fees and medical expenses.Public and screen persona

When <mask> was discovered, MGM executive Mervyn LeRoy envisioned her as a replacement for the recently deceased Jean Harlow and began developing her image as a sex symbol. In They Won't Forget (1937) and Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938), she embodied an "innocent sexuality" portraying ingénues. Film historian Jeanine Basinger notes that she "represented the girl who'd rather sit on the diving board to show off her figure than get wet in the water ... the girl who'd rather kiss than kibbitz". In her early films, <mask> did not color her auburn hair—see Dancing Co-Ed (1939), in which she was billed "the red-headed sensation who brought "it" back to the screen". 1941's Ziegfeld Girl was the first film to showcase <mask> with [[Blond#Varieties %3c/span>|platinum blonde]] hair, which she wore for much of the remainder of her life and for which she came to be known. After <mask>'s first marriage in 1940, columnist Louella Parsons wrote: "If <mask> will behave herself and not go completely berserk she is headed for a top spot in motion pictures. She is the most glamorous actress since Jean

masks:
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Turner
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title: Lana Turner

texts: Harlow."She also likened her to Clara Bow, adding: "Both of them, trusting and lovable, use their hearts instead of their heads. <mask> ... has always acted hastily and been guided more by her own ideas than by any advance any studio gave her." By the mid-1940s, <mask> had been married and divorced three times, had given birth to her daughter Cheryl and had numerous publicized affairs. However, her image in 1946's The Postman Always Rings Twice marked a departure from her strictly-sex symbol screen persona to that of a full-fledged femme fatale. By the 1950s, both critics and audiences began noting parallels between <mask>'s rocky personal life and the roles she played. The likeness was most evident in Peyton Place and Imitation of Life, both films in which <mask> portrayed single mothers struggling to maintain relationships with their teenage daughters. Film scholar Richard Dyer cites <mask> as an example of one of Hollywood's earliest stars whose publicized private life perceptibly inflected their careers: "Her career is marked by an unusually, even spectacularly, high degree of interpenetration between her publicly available private life and her films ... not only do her vehicles furnish characters and situations in accord with her off-screen image, but frequently incidents in them echo incidents in her life so that by the end of her career films like Peyton Place, Imitation of Life, Madame X and Love Has Many Faces seem in parts like mere illustrations of her life."Basinger echoes similar sentiments, noting that <mask> was often "cast only in roles that were symbolic of what the public knew—or thought they knew—of her life from headlines she made as

masks: Lana Turner Turner Turner Turner Turner


title: Lana Turner

texts:
 a person, not as a movie character ... Her person became her persona." In addition, Basinger credits <mask> as the first mainstream female star to "take the male prerogative openly for herself", publicly indulging in romances and affairs that in turn fueled the publicity surrounding her. Film scholar Jessica Hope Jordan considers <mask> an "implosion" of both a "real-life image and star image" and suggests that she utilized one to mask the other, thus rendering her representative of the "ultimate femme fatale". Columnist Dorothy Kilgallen took note of the intersections between <mask>'s life and screen persona early in her career, writing in 1946:

Historians have cited <mask> as one of the most glamorous film stars of all time, an association that was made both during her lifetime and after her death. Commenting on her image, she once told a journalist: "Forsaking glamour is like forsaking my identity. It's an image I've worked too hard to obtain and preserve."Michael Gordon, who directed <mask> in Portrait in Black, remembered her as "a very talented actress whose chief reliability was what I regarded as impoverished taste ... <mask> was not a dummy, and she would give me wonderful rationalizations why she should wear pendant earrings. They had nothing to do with the role, but they had to do with her particular self-image." According to her daughter, <mask>'s obsessive attention to detail often resulted in dressmakers storming out during dress fittings. No matter the setting, <mask> also took care to ensure she was always "camera-ready", wearing jewelry and makeup even while lounging in sweatpants. <mask> often purchased her favorite styles of shoes in

masks: Turner Turner Turner Turner Turner Lana Turner Turner Turner


title: Lana Turner

texts:
 every available color, at one time accumulating 698 pairs. She favored the designers Salvatore Ferragamo, Jean Louis, Helen Rose and Nolan Miller. Film historians Joe Morella and Edward Epstein have observed that, unlike many female stars, <mask> "wasn't resented by female fans", and that women made up a large part of her fan base in later years.<mask> maintained her glamorous image into her late career; a 1966 film review characterized her as "the glitter and glamour of Hollywood". While she consistently embraced her glamorous persona, she was also vocal about her dedication to acting and attained a reputation as a versatile, hard-working performer. She was an admirer of Bette Davis, whom she cited as her favorite actress. Legacy

<mask> has been noted by historians as a sex symbol, a popular culture icon and "a symbol of the American Dream fulfilled ... Because of her, being discovered at a soda fountain has become almost as cherished an ideal as being born in a log cabin." Critic Leonard Maltin noted in 2005 that <mask> "came to crystallize the opulent heights to which show business could usher a small-town girl, as well as its darkest, most tragic and narcissistic depths". She has also been cited by scholars as a gay icon because of her glamorous persona and triumphs over personal struggles. While discussions surrounding <mask> have largely been based on her cultural prevalence, little scholarly study has been undertaken on her career, and opinion of her legacy as an actress has divided critics.Upon <mask>'s death, John Updike wrote in The New Yorker that she "was a faded period piece, an old-fashioned glamour queen whose fifty-four films, over four


title: Lana Turner

texts: decades didn't amount, retrospectively to much ... As a performer, she was purely a studio-made product." Defenders of <mask>'s acting ability, such as Jessica Hope Jordan and James Robert Parish, cite her performance in The Postman Always Rings Twice as an argument for the value of her work. <mask>'s role in the film has also caused her to be frequently associated with film noir and the femme fatale archetype in critical circles. In a 1973 Films in Review retrospective on her career, <mask> was referred to as "a master of the motion picture technique and a hardworking craftsman". Jeanine Basinger has similarly championed <mask>'s acting, writing of her performance in The Bad and the Beautiful: "None of the sex symbols who have been touted as actresses—not Hayworth or Gardner or Taylor or Monroe—have ever given such a fine performance." Because of the intersections between <mask>'s high-profile, glamorous persona, and storied, often troubled personal life, she is included in critical discussions about the Hollywood studio system, specifically its capitalization on its stars' private travails. Basinger considers her the "epitome of the Hollywood machine-made stardom".<mask> has also been cited in scholarly discussions of women's sexuality. <mask> has been depicted and referenced in numerous works across literature, film, music and art. She was the subject of the poem "<mask> has collapsed" by Frank O'Hara, and was depicted as a minor character in James Ellroy's novel L.A. Confidential (1990). The Stompanato murder and its aftermath were also the basis of the Harold Robbins novel Where Love Has Gone (1962). In popular music, <mask> was referenced in songs


title: Lana Turner

texts:
 recorded by Nina Simone and Frank Sinatra, and was the source of the stage name of singer-songwriter <mask> Rey. In 2002, artist Eloy Torrez included <mask> in an outdoor mural, Portrait of Hollywood, painted on the auditorium of Hollywood High School, her alma mater.<mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6241 Hollywood Boulevard. In 2012, Complex named her the eighth-most infamous actress of all time. Filmography and credits

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 <mask> media archive at the University of Alabama

1921 births
1995 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Idaho
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from San Francisco
American film actresses
20th-century American memoirists
American people of Dutch descent
American people of English descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Scottish descent
American radio actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Catholics from Idaho
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Protestantism
David di Donatello winners
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from oropharyngeal cancer
California Democrats
Idaho Democrats
Glamour models
Hollywood High School alumni
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
People from Shoshone County, Idaho
People from Wallace, Idaho
Former

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title: Stefanos Korkolis

texts:
<mask> (; born 12 September 1960) is a Greek composer and pianist. He has performed in theaters and auditoriums all around the world, including the Concertgebouw, the Belém Cultural Center (Portugal and Brazil), the Royal Theater Carré, the Athens Concert Hall, the Thessaloniki Concert Hall, and the Odeon of Herodes Atticus. Early life
<mask> was born in Athens and showed a passion for music in his early youth. At the age of 4, although unaware of musical notation, he had the ability of memorizing pieces of classical music with great ease and reproducing them on the piano almost intact. He began his studies at the Athens Conservatoire under the guidance of  the late Marika Papaioannou and the instruction of Phoebe Vallinda. After receiving his diploma in piano, he traveled to Paris to continue his studies – thanks to a fellowship from the French government – next to internationally renowned pianist Yvonne Lefébure. He simultaneously attended courses in composition, orchestration, conducting and cinema music.These included classes by Pierre Boulez, Astor Piazzolla and other acclaimed music masters. While in Paris, Stefanos became acquainted with famous Argentinian pianist, Martha Argerich and was joined by ties of friendship and mutual artistic appreciation. It was thanks to Martha that Stefanos dream to meet the great Vladimir Horowitz came true. In his short apprenticeship with Horowitz, Stefanos learned about the true value of music as well as techniques that only a master of that caliber could transfuse. By that time Stefanos completed his studies at the Conservatoire de Paris and the École Normale de Musique de Paris he achieved the first prize for modern ballet composition at the Val-de-Marne International Music Festival. He kept on performing around the world with a repertory consisting mainly of his own works as well as works by great Russian composers, such as Alexander Scriabin and Sergei Prokofiev. His performances were received with much enthusiasm and received excellent critiques, which continue

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Stefanos


title: Stefanos Korkolis

texts:
 like the Concertbaum (Netherlands), the Opera de la Corunia, the Centro Cultural de Belem (Portugal and Brazil), the Carre Theatre of Amsterdam and of course the Athens Concert Hall, the Thessaloniki Concert Hall, and the Odeon Herodus Atticus. He was invited to perform at José Carreras' gala in Leipzig. He also composed the Russian Air Force Anthem that he performed in Kremlin for the celebration of the 85th anniversary of the Federal Air Transport Agency under permission by the Dmitri Shostakovich family for the transcription for piano and orchestra of Shostakovitch's work, the Concertino for two pianos. <mask> is the official ambassador of Mikis Theodorakis' music in Greece and abroad. In May 2017, at the request of Mikis Theodorakis, he presented symphonic works of the latter, in Cologne, in the presence of the composer himself, and on September 1, 2017, <mask> once again appeared at the Herodes Atticus theatre, in the framework of a charity concert to support the Association of Friends of Children with Cancer "ELPIDA", next to Maria Farantouri and Sofia Manousaki.Special Olympics
He has composed the Special Olympics’ Anthem and also the song of the Union “Mazi gia to pedi – Together for the child”, for charity purposes of which Stefanos gave a concert in September 2012 at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus (Athens Herodion). The concert had an enormous success and the revenues, which reached the amount of 153,000 euros, were distributed entirely to 10 clubs of the Union. Other projects
Stefanos finished his last project abroad entitled «Bloody Faeries», a production of legendary British producer Haydn Bendall and he continues to give concerts in Greece and worldwide as a soloist in recitals and in collaboration with famous orchestras. The most recent concert he gave was at the Chopin Academy of Music in Warsaw, in January 2014, where Stefanos presented for the first time his new “discovery” Sophia Manousaki, a very young and talented singer of the new generation, in front of a very demanding audience,

masks: Stefanos Stefanos


title: Stefanos Korkolis

texts: winning rave reviews. On August 27, 2014, <mask> and Sophia Manousaki launched the brand new institution “Αrt in the square» at the Cyprus Limassol Marina, in front of a large audience. Also, on September 5, 2014 <mask> participated with huge success, in the charity concert “sing me an angel”, which took place at the Odeon of Herodes Atticus (Athens Herodion), in collaboration with the internationally renowned tenor Mario Frangoulis and Norwegian soprano Sissel, under the direction of conductor, Richard Balcombe. Finally, on September 13, 2014 he participated in the Russian-Cypriot charity gala, which took place in the gardens of the Presidential Palace in Cyprus.In May 2015, the new album of Stefanos, entitled “SINANTISI/ THE MEETING” was released in Greece and Cyprus. In this double CD, for the first time Stefanos, as a piano soloist, touches pieces from all over the musical spectrum of the great Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis, such as preludes for piano, adaptations / arrangements of orchestral pieces for piano and of course, lyrical songs, which were interpreted by the talented young singer Sophia Manousaki. From the first days of the release, the double CD received excellent reviews and on October 17, 2015, the award ceremony of the gold disc, took place  at the Athens Concert Hall, with the presence of Mikis Theodorakis, who, after the ceremony and the concert, and while the audience was giving Stefanos a standing ovation, said: What happened today means a new beginning for my music, I owe this new beginning to <mask> <mask>, who is, first of all, an important and great composer and it is a heavy responsibility for a composer to recognize the value of another composer. This never happens! Only Liszt did this and he was the only one. Stefanos shows his love and devotion to my music not only through words but also through his acts. When he plays piano, he combines Apollo and Dionysus.From one moment to another he can become Apollo or Dionysus. This is very difficult. It makes you feel the light !”.

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title: Stefanos Korkolis

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 Already this concert entitled "SINANTISI" has traveled in twenty cities across Greece, achieving a huge success. All the concerts were sold out and in some cities the concerts were repeated because of the excessive attendance of the world. Everywhere the reviews were dithyrambic. Many people consider the tour "SINANTISI" by Mikis Theodorakis, <mask> <mask> and Sophia Manousaki as the success of this year's winter

Also, the song "Thes" from the album entitled "Pes mou t' alithina sou'' in lyrics of Rebecca Roussi and music of <mask> <mask>, which was sung in an unique way by Dimitris Mitropanos, thanks to a tasteful tv spot, came back to the news scoring a  great success 11 years, after it was released, so it gained the hearts of all Greek people and conquered the first positions even in the international charts.In November 2016, the project "SINANTISI" was presented in Paris, at the Alambra Theatre, where it received an enormous success from the French public. Immediately afterwards took place two sold out concerts at the bookstore “IANOS”, where <mask> and Sophia Manousaki presented the new double CD entitled SYNANTISI II" which includes, at first nationwide release, the circle of songs entitled "A sea full of music" in poetry by Dimitra Manda, as well as the circle of songs entitled "Chairetismoi" in poetry of Giannis Theodorakis, Angeliki Eleftheriou and Mikis Theodorakis. These two circle of songs belong to the circle “'Betrayed Projects" by great Greek composer Mikis Theodorakis. This double CD, also, received excellent reviews and on January 16, 2017, the award ceremony of the gold disc, took place  at the bookstore “IANOS”. <mask> continues the concerts all over Greece and abroad while in April 2018, was released his new album, a double cd entitled “I should like to relate this memory” which includes songs and orchestral works inspired by Constantine P. Cavafy's poems. References

Living people
Greek classical musicians
Greek pianists
Greek songwriters
Greek pop musicians
1960 births
21st-century

masks: Stefanos Korkolis Stefanos Korkolis Stefanos Stefanos


title: Judy Grahn

texts:
<mask> (born July 28, 1940) is an American poet and author. Inspired by her experiences of disenfranchisement as a butch lesbian, she became a feminist poet, highly-regarded in underground circles before achieving public fame. A major influence in her work is Metaformic Theory, tracing the roots of modern culture back to ancient menstrual rites, though she does not regard the philosophy as exclusively feminist. Grahn teaches women's mythology and ancient literature at the California Institute for Integral Studies and other institutions. Personal life

<mask> was born in 1940 in Chicago, Illinois. Her father was a cook and her mother was a photographer's assistant. Grahn described her childhood as taking place in "an economically poor and spiritually depressed late 1950s New Mexico desert town near the hellish border of West Texas."When she was eighteen, she eloped with a student named Yvonne at a nearby college. Grahn credits Yvonne with opening her eyes to gay culture. Soon thereafter she would join the United States Air Force. At twenty-one she was discharged (in a "less than honorable," manner, she stated) for being a lesbian. Grahn experienced a fair amount of homophobia during the odd jobs she did to earn money for school, trying to find housing, and was beat up for her butch attire. "These jolts taught me everything I would ever need to know about the oppression of Gay people," she mentioned in an interview with Tongue. At the age of 25, Grahn suffered from Inoculation lymphoreticulosis, or Cat Scratch Fever, which led to her being

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 the best of bread/ and will rise.'" Theory

Margot Gayle Backus cites Grahn's best work as her poem, "A Woman is Talking to Death". She argues for its "extraordinary impact on its audiences and readers", and attributes this to "Grahn's assumption of an utterly believable, vulnerable poetic voice that fearlessly and scrupulously speaks the truth to an overwhelming but nonetheless nameable, identifiable, and therefore negotiable power."<ref name="Backus, Margot Gayle 1993 p. 816">Backus, Margot Gayle. <mask>n and the Lesbian Invocational Elegy: Testimonial and Prophetic Responses to Social Death in 'A woman is Talking to Death'. Signs, Vol. 18, No. 4, Theorizing Lesbian Experience (Summer, 1993), p. 816.</ref> Backus argues that Grahn's "prophetic poetic voice" may be attributed to works such as "Lycidas" or that of the poets Shakespeare and Donne. Backus writes that in "A Woman is Talking to Death", "the central themes of the elegy and the love lyric interpenetrate in complex and innovative ways... Grahn thematically consolidates two major canonical poetic genres with deep roots in the historical development of poetic representation in Europe while radically transforming them by introducing into poetic form a broad nexus of trends in twentieth-century lesbian writing." Grahn is a chief theorist behind Metaformic Theory, a theory that traces the roots of culture back to ancient menstrual rites.The theory first emerged in her book Blood, Bread, and Roses. Although some believe that Grahn was a separatist due to her involvement in lesbian


title: Judy Grahn

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 feminism, she states that her Metaformic philosophy was inclusive. Grahn also plays with language in her poem "The woman in three pieces". Lydia Bastida Tullis cites Grahn as emphasizing language's formal properties "by increasingly straining its ability to make 'sense,'" and ultimately calling into question "the speaker's (and reader's) relationship to language." Awards

Aside from the Lambda Literary Award, Grahn has been the recipient of other awards for her work. She has received a grant from the National Endowment for the Arts, an American Book Review award, an American Book Award, a Gay Book Award, and a Founding Foremothers of Women's Spirituality Award. She received the Bill Whitehead Award for Lifetime Achievement from Publishing Triangle in 1994.<mask>n Award for Lesbian Nonfiction

In 1997, Publishing Triangle, an association of lesbians and gay men in publishing, established the Judy Grahn Award for Lesbian Nonfiction to recognize the best nonfiction book of the year affecting lesbian lives. Works

 Nonfiction Another Mother Tongue. Boston: Beacon Press (1984). The Highest Apple: Sappho And The Lesbian Poetic Tradition (Spinster’s Ink 1985).Really Reading Gertrude Stein: A Selected Anthology With Essays (Crossing Press 1990). Blood, Bread, and Roses: How Menstruation Created the World  (Beacon Press 1993). A Simple Revolution: the Making of an Activist Poet (Aunt Lute Books 2012). with Gina Covina and Laurel Galana.The Lesbian Reader. Barn Owl Books (1975). with Lisa Maria Hogeland. The Judy Grahn Reader. San Francisco: Aunt


title: Judy Grahn

texts:
 Lute Books (2009). Fiction Mundane's World. Crossing Press (1988).The Work of a Common Woman: The Collected Poetry of <mask>n 1964–1977. Crossing Press (1984). A Simple Revolution. Aunt Lute Books (November 27, 2012). Poetry The Common Woman Poems (Women's Press Collective 1970). Edward the Dyke and Other Poems. (Women's Press Collective 1971).A Woman is Talking to Death (Women's Press Collective 1974)She Who (Women's Press Collective/Diana Press 1977).The Work of a Common Woman: Collected Poetry (1964–1977). St. Martin's Press (1982). The Queens of Wands. (Crossing Press 1982). The Queen of Swords (Beacon Press 1987). Love Belongs to Those Who Do the Feeling (1966-2006). Red Hen Press (2008).(Winner, 2009 Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Poetry)Hanging on our Own Bones (Red Hen Press 2017). Recordings Detroit Annie Hitchhiking (2009)Lunarchy (2010)

Further reading

Dehler, Johanna. Fragments of Desire: Sapphic Fictions in Works by H.D., <mask>n, and Monique Wittig. New York: Peter Lang Publishing (1999). Marc, Stein. "Encyclopedia of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender History in America". Charles Scribner's Sons/Thomson/Gale (2004).Zimmerman, Bonnie. "Lesbian Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia". Garland Publishing, Inc. (2000). See also
 Lesbian Poetry

References

External links

A Simple Revolution: Community Dialogue with <mask>n website created by Aunt Lute Books honoring the history and legacy of the Bay Area lesbian movement
Grahn, <mask> article in glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and

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title: Judy Grahn

texts:
 Queer Culture
Modern American Poetry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign website on Grahn: biographical information, analyses of several poems, excerpts from interviews. Companion to the Anthology of Modern American Poetry''. Serpentina website founded by Dianne Jenett and <mask>n to support research, projects, and social activism in women's spirituality. 1940 births
American women poets
Lesbian feminists
American lesbian writers
Living people
Writers from Chicago
Lambda Literary Award for Lesbian Poetry winners
New College of California alumni
New College of California faculty
American feminist writers
Writers from the San Francisco Bay Area
American LGBT poets
LGBT people from Illinois
American Book Award winners
Stonewall Book Award winners
21st-century American


title: Judith A. Bense

texts:
<mask> is an American academic, Florida historical archaeologist, and a former president of the University of West Florida. She is also the chairwoman of the Florida Historical Commission at the University of West Florida, she served as a faculty member and department chair in the anthropology program, which she started at the school. In 2008, she started her 7-year term as president of the university. Prior to this, she was the executive director of anthropology and archaeology at UWF. During her career, she was fundamental in drafting the legislation to create the Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN). Early life
<mask> was born in New Jersey, but grew up in Panama City, Florida, where she lived on her family’s dairy farm with both parents and two brothers. By the time she was eight, she knew she wanted to be an archaeologist, a decision heavily influenced by family trips to historical state parks.She attended Panama City’s Bay High School and graduated in 1963. Education
<mask> graduated from Florida State University (FSU) with a bachelor's degree in anthropology in 1967. She then went on to receive her master's in anthropology with a focus on archaeology from this institution in 1969. Her Master’s thesis research, working with David S. Phelps, focused on a Late Woodland shell ring located in Wakulla County, Florida. After graduated from FSU in 1969, Bense and took a job in cultural resource management working for the Florida Division of Archives, History, and Records Management on the Interstate 10 survey. Later that same year, <mask> went on to receive her Ph.D. in anthropology from Washington State University (WSU) in 1972. At WSU, <mask> worked with archaeologist Richard Daugherty and her advisor Frank C. Leonhardy.Her dissertation research focused on

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title: Judith A. Bense

texts:
 prehistoric climate change along the lower Snake River. In 1972, <mask> graduated and moved back to Florida to help take care of her family in the light of both her parent’s deaths, her father in 1967 and mother in 1972. Early career
<mask> spent the next five years focusing on business endeavors related to her family’s north Florida farm. In 1977, she began teaching anthropology and archaeology classes at UWF and taught an archaeology field school at Kings Point site, St. Andrews Bay, Florida. This was the first field school taught by UWF. Next, <mask> headed the cultural resource reconnaissance of the St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge on the Florida Gulf Coast from 1977–1978. This project was immediately followed by a mitigation project in Mobile, Alabama, and a testing project along the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway, Mississippi.The last project led her to be appointed as a senior research archaeologist for the Office of Archaeological Research at the University of Alabama. In this position she managed numerous large projects. Career
<mask> made a deal with UWF to bring her CRM contracts to the school if they agreed to allow her to establish an anthropology program. In 1980, <mask> started the WSU anthropology department as well as a research unit, the UWF Archaeology Institute. In 1988, she received tenure and became a full professor eight years later in 1994. In 1991, she collaborated with the UWF History department to create a master’s program in historical archaeology. In 2000, she became the department chair and introduced a master’s program in anthropology two years later.In 1984, a new city hall was constructed in downtown Pensacola and in the process unearthed and destroyed some of the town’s colonial history. Bense led a short salvage project and in the

masks: Bense Bense Bense Bense Bense


title: Judith A. Bense

texts:
 curriculum. She felt strongly that underwater resources in the area needed equal attention.In 1999, UWF began excavating the remains of frigate and flagship of the Spanish Windward Fleet names the Rosario. In 2004, <mask> worked alongside other CRM professionals and public archaeologists to write the legislature and obtain funding to start the Florida Public Archaeology Network (FPAN)

When <mask> began doing public archaeology within both the Pensacola community and the broader state of Florida, she recognized that the information could be distributed in multiple ways to the public. She started a radio show through the UWF NPR channel called Unearthing Pensacola. The show has now morphed and discusses more broadly Florida historical archaeology and is produced under the name Unearthing Florida

Other activities
<mask> served from 1984-1999 on the Governmental Affairs Committee of the Society of American Archaeology’s (SAA); as the conference chair for the Southeastern Archaeological Conference in 1984 and 1999 and their board of directors from 1980-1985 and 1997-1999; vice president of the Florida Anthropological Society from 1992-1993; from 1995-1997 on the Florida Archaeological Council’s board of directors; chair of the Stewards of Heritage Awards Committee from 1994-1995; and on the Florida Archaeological Week Committee in 1993. <mask> P. Bullen Award in 1998. National History Award Medal, from the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1996. References

External links
Pensacola newspaper writes about appointment
Official UWF Directory Info
Archaeology.com article about Dr. Bense
Book written by Dr. Bense

Living people
Presidents of University of West Florida
Florida State University alumni
Washington State University alumni
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Bense Bense Bense Benseipley


title: Harold Bride

texts:
<mask> (11 January 1890 – 29 April 1956) was a British merchant seaman and the junior wireless officer on the ocean liner RMS Titanic during its ill-fated maiden voyage. After the Titanic struck an iceberg at 11:40 pm 14 April 1912, <mask> and his senior colleague Jack Phillips were responsible for relaying CQD messages (later SOS at Captain Edward Smith's urging) to ships in the vicinity, which led to the survivors being picked up by the RMS Carpathia. The men remained at their posts until the ship's power was almost completely out. <mask> was washed off the ship as the boat deck flooded, but managed to scramble onto the upturned lifeboat Collapsible 'B', and was rescued by the Carpathia later in the morning. Despite being injured, he helped <mask>, the Carpathia's wireless operator and a personal friend of his, transmit survivor lists and personal messages from the ship. Early history
<mask> was born in Nunhead, London, England, in 1890 to <mask> and Mary Ann Lowe. The youngest of five children, <mask> lived with his family in Bromley.After primary school <mask> decided he wanted to become a wireless operator and he worked in his family's business to help pay for training. He completed training for the Marconi Company in July 1911. Working for Marconi, his first sea assignment as a wireless operator was on the SS Haverford; later he worked on the Beaverford, the LaFrance, the Lusitania, and the Anselm. RMS Titanic
In 1912 <mask> joined the crew of the RMS Titanic as the junior wireless operator and assistant to Jack Phillips at Belfast, Ireland. Stories have appeared that <mask> knew Phillips before the Titanic, but <mask> insisted that they had never met before Belfast. The Titanic left on her maiden voyage to New York City from Southampton, England, on 10 April. During the voyage, <mask> and Phillips worked from the wireless room on the Boat Deck, sending out passengers' personal messages and receiving iceberg warnings from other ships.On 11 April, a day after the ship set sail, Phillips and <mask> had celebrated

masks:
Harold Sydney Bride
Bride
Bride
Harold Cottam
Harold Bride
Arthur Bride
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Harold Bride
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title: Harold Bride

texts: Phillips' 25th birthday, with pastries brought from the first class dining room. On the evening of 14 April 1912 <mask> had gone to bed early in preparation to relieve Jack Phillips at midnight, two hours earlier than normal. The wireless had not been working earlier and Phillips was busy catching up on a backlog of passengers' personal messages being sent to Cape Race, Newfoundland. The Titanic hit the iceberg at 11:40 pm that night and began sinking. <mask> woke up shortly after and asked Phillips what was happening. Phillips said they struck something; <mask> acknowledged Phillips and began to get ready to go on duty. Captain Edward Smith soon came into the wireless room alerting <mask> and Phillips to be ready to send out a distress signal.Shortly after midnight he came in and told them to request help and gave them the ship's position. Jack Phillips sent out CQD while <mask> took messages to the Captain about which ships were coming to the Titanic assistance. However, the closest ship to respond, the RMS Carpathia, would not reach the Titanic until after she sank. At one point <mask> reminded Phillips that the new code was SOS and jokingly said, "Send SOS, it's the new call, and it may be your last chance to send it." Later Phillips took a quick break and <mask> took over the wireless. Phillips soon returned to the wireless room reporting that the forward part of the ship was flooded and that they should put on more clothes and life vests. <mask> began to get dressed while Phillips went back to work on the wireless machine.The wireless power was almost out when Captain Smith arrived and told the men that they had done their duty and that they were relieved. Phillips continued working while <mask> gathered some money and personal belongings. <mask> later remembered being moved by the way Phillips continued working. When his back was turned a crew member had sneaked in and was taking Phillips' life vest. <mask>, outraged at the man's behaviour, attacked the man and might have hit him with an object. The water was

masks: Bride Bride Bride Bride Bride Bride Bride Bride Bride Bride Bride


title: Harold Bride

texts:
 beginning to flood the wireless room as they both ran out of the wireless room, leaving the motionless crewman where he fell. <mask> thought the man was "a stoker, or someone from below decks".<mask> wrote later: "I did my duty. I hope I finished [the man]. I don't know. We left him on the cabin floor of the radio room, and he was not moving." The men then split up, <mask> heading forward and Phillips heading aft. This was the last time <mask> saw Phillips. <mask> began helping remove one of the last two lifeboats, Collapsible B, off the roof of the officer's quarters.The crew was unable to launch the boat before it was washed off the deck upside down. <mask> was also washed off the deck and found himself beneath the overturned boat. He swam out from under and climbed onto the boat, on which he and fifteen other men were able to survive, although the collapsible was waterlogged and slowly sinking. <mask> and the others on B were later assisted into other lifeboats and were eventually taken aboard the RMS Carpathia. On the Carpathia, the seriously injured <mask> rested, and later helped the Carpathia's wireless operator, <mask>, send out the large number of personal messages from the survivors. According to Encyclopedia Titanica: "Incidentally, <mask> and Cottam had met before the disaster and were good friends. After the tragedy they stayed in contact for many years."Post-Titanic

<mask>, who had to be carried off the Carpathia because of injuries to his feet (one was badly sprained, the other frostbitten), was met in New York City by Guglielmo Marconi and The New York Times, which gave <mask> $1,000 for his exclusive story, "Thrilling Story by Titanic's Surviving Wireless Man". <mask> later gave testimony in the American and British inquiries into the Titanic disaster, describing what iceberg warnings had been received and what had happened the night of the disaster. In the American Inquiry, <mask> was also questioned about ignoring requests for information, while on the Carpathia, from the press and the U.S. Navy,

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Bride
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Harold Cottam
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title: Harold Bride

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 which wanted to know the fate of President Taft's personal friend and aide, Archibald Butt. <mask> stated that priority was given to personal messages and survivor lists over answering questions from the press and claimed that the Navy did not understand British Morse signals, which the Navy denied. The Marconi Company was accused of secretly setting up the New York Times interview with <mask> and telling him and <mask>m to keep quiet until they arrived in New York, but Marconi denied the accusations. This matter was not pursued, and <mask> was considered one of the heroes of the disaster. Despite being a key witness in the inquiries, <mask> kept a low profile after the sinking.Before Titanic, on 16 March 1912, he became engaged to Mabel Ludlow, but he broke off the engagement in September when he met Lucy Downie, whom he married on 10 April 1920. In August 1912, London via Melbourne, records show <mask> being aboard the SS Medina as a Marconi Operator. During World War I, <mask> served as the wireless operator on the steamship Mona’s Isle, and in 1922 he and Lucy moved to Glasgow, where <mask> became a salesman. They had three children: Lucy in 1921, John in 1924 and Jeanette in 1929. Death
<mask> died aged 66 of lung cancer on 29 April 1956 in Glasgow. His body was cremated at Glasgow, and his ashes were scattered in the garden of the crematorium's chapel. Portrayals
David McCallum (1958) (A Night to Remember)
Barry Pepper (1996) (Titanic) (TV miniseries)
Craig Kelly (1997) (Titanic)
Martin Moran (1999) — Titanic (Broadway musical)
Steve Kearney (1999) (The Titanic Chronicles) (TV documentary) (voice only)
Jake Swing (2012) (The Last Signals)

See also
Sinking of the RMS Titanic
United States Senate inquiry into the sinking of the RMS Titanic
British Titanic inquiry

Notes

References

Further reading

External links

1890 births
1956 deaths
British Merchant Service personnel of World War I
British Merchant Navy officers
Telegraphists
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in Scotland
RMS Titanic

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Bride
Bride
Harold Cotta
Bride
Bride
Bride
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title: Elisabeth Welch

texts:
<mask> (February 27, 1904July 15, 2003) was an American singer, actress, and entertainer, whose career spanned seven decades. Her best-known songs were "Stormy Weather", "Love for Sale" and "Far Away in Shanty Town". She was American-born, but was based in Britain for most of her career. Early life
According to her birth certificate, <mask> was born at 223 West 61st Street in New York City. Her father was chief gardener of an estate in Englewood, New Jersey. Her father was of indigenous American and African American ancestry; her mother was of Scottish and Irish descent. <mask> was brought up in a Baptist-Christian family, and began her singing in a church choir.She first intended to go from high school into social work, but instead chose to become a professional singer. She started her career in New York in 1922, but in 1929 she went on to Europe – first to Paris and then to London. Professional career
After her first appearance in America in Liza in 1922, <mask> was the initial singer of the Charleston in the show Runnin' Wild (1923). During the 1920s she appeared in African-American Broadway theatre shows, including The Chocolate Dandies (1924) and Blackbirds of 1928. She made relatively few recordings. Before moving to Europe she made only one record – "Doin' The New Lowdown", b/w 'Digga Digga Do", as vocalist for the Irving Mills-assembled Hotsy Totsy Gang (Brunswick 4014, 27 July 1928). "Blackbirds of 1928" was taken to the Moulin Rouge in Paris in 1929 and it was here that <mask> began her career as a cabaret singer including performances at the popular nightclub Chez Florence.<mask> was asked to return to New York, where she replaced a singer in The New

masks:
Elisabeth Margaret Welch
Welch
Welch
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Welch


title: Elisabeth Welch

texts: Yorkers (1930–1931) and sang Cole Porter's controversial song "Love for Sale". The composer met her afterwards in Paris, and then invited her to perform his song "Solomon" in Nymph Errant in London in 1933. That year, before this show was available, <mask> was given permission to perform in London in Dark Doings, in which she sang "Stormy Weather", newly written by Harold Arlen and Ted Koehler. She subsequently took the song as her signature tune. <mask>'s show-stopping performance in Nymph Errant was seen by Ivor Novello, and in 1935, he gave her a part in his show Glamorous Night, in which she stood out again singing his blues song "Far Away in Shanty Town". In 1931, she had included in her cabaret act the new song "As Time Goes By", almost a dozen years before it achieved screen fame in Casablanca. In the mid 1930s, <mask> entered two media: she appeared in films – usually as a singer, and as leading lady to Paul Robeson in Song of Freedom and the musical Big Fella – and she was also one of the first artists to perform on British television, appearing on the BBC's new TV service from Alexandra Palace.During World War II, she remained in London during the Blitz. She entertained the armed forces along with many other artists. After the war she was in many West End theatre shows, including revues. She continued on both television and radio. She also had a series of one-woman shows until 1990. She was in the Royal Variety Performance in 1979 and 1985. In 1979, she was cast as a Goddess by Derek Jarman and sang "Stormy Weather" in his film version of Shakespeare's The Tempest.In 1980, she returned to New York to appear in Black Broadway and she appeared there again

masks: Welch Welch Welch


title: Elisabeth Welch

texts:
 in 1986 when her one-woman show earned her an Obie Award. She was nominated for a Tony Award for her performance in Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood. <mask> was the subject of This Is Your Life in October 1985 when she was surprised by Eamonn Andrews outside London's Palace Theatre. Her final performance was in 1996 for Black Divas, a Channel 4 television documentary, in which she sang "Stormy Weather", at the age of 92. Personal life
In 1928, she was married to Luke Smith, a musician, but they separated after a few months. He died in 1936. They had no children.<mask> died at the age of 99 at Denville Hall in Northwood, London on July 15, 2003. Legacy
In February 2012, writer Bonnie Greer unveiled an English Heritage blue plaque at Ovington Court in Kensington, London, where <mask> lived from 1933 to 1936. She was twice a guest on the BBC radio programme Desert Island Discs, on February 26, 1952 and November 18, 1990; her latter appearance is now part of the programme's online archive. Guinness Who's Who of Stage Musicals, ed. C. Larkin. Guinness – )
 Stephen Bourne, <mask> – Soft Lights and Sweet Music (foreword by Ned Sherrin) (2005, Scarecrow Press)

References

External links

 Photos

1904 births
2003 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from New Jersey
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American people of Irish descent
American people of Scottish descent
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Traditional pop music singers
Singers from New Jersey
People from Englewood, New Jersey
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
21st-century

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title: Tony P. Hall

texts:
<mask> (born January 16, 1942) is an American politician, businessman, and diplomat who served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, representing Ohio's 3rd congressional district from 1979 to 2002. <mask> had previously served in both chambers of the Ohio General Assembly. From 2002 to 2006, <mask> served as United States Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture, and as chief of the United States Mission to the UN Agencies in Rome, which includes the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme, and the International Fund for Agricultural Development. Subsequently, <mask> worked on a Middle East peace initiative in collaboration with the Center for the Study of the Presidency. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Dayton, Ohio. His father, <mask>, served as a Republican mayor of Dayton. <mask> graduated from Fairmont High School in Kettering, Ohio, in 1960.He received a bachelor's degree from Denison University in 1964. While in college, <mask> was named Little All-American football tailback and the Ohio Conference's Most Valuable Player (1963). Career
After college, <mask> served as Peace Corps Volunteer in Thailand, teaching English in 1966 and 1967, an experience that contributed to his strong interest in world hunger issues. He also worked in the real estate business. Ohio Legislature
<mask> became active in politics, joining the Democratic Party in a change from his father's affiliation. He was elected as a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, serving from 1969 to 1973, and as an Ohio state senator from 1973 to 1979. In 1974, <mask> ran for Ohio Secretary of State and lost to Republican incumbent Ted W. Brown.U.S. Representative
<mask> was first

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Tony Patrick Hall
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Dave Hall
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title: Tony P. Hall

texts:
 elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1978, to succeed 12-year incumbent Charles W. Whalen Jr., a moderate Republican. He won election with 54 percent of the vote, but would never face another contest anywhere near that close. He would be reelected 11 more times, never dropping below 57 percent of the vote. As a measure of how popular he was in the Dayton area, he was unopposed for reelection in 1984 even as Ronald Reagan carried the district in a landslide. He was unopposed again in 1990, and faced no major-party opposition in 1982 and 2000. In the 1980s, <mask> became an evangelical Christian, prompting him to change his position on abortion from abortion rights to pro-life. Otherwise, his voting record was liberal.During his tenure in Congress, <mask> concentrated on seeking to alleviate world hunger. He made frequent trips to more than 100 countries such as Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, Sudan, and North Korea where hunger was widespread. He was chairman of the Select Committee on Hunger from 1989 to 1993. When the committee was abolished, <mask> fasted for 22 days in protest. He was founder of the Congressional Friends of Human Rights Monitors and the Congressional Hunger Center. <mask> served terms on the foreign affairs and small business committees before being appointed to the House Rules Committee in 1981. Twice during his tenure as U.S. representative, <mask> introduced legislation that would have apologized for slavery in the United States.<mask> was an Ohio delegate to the 2000 Democratic National Convention. U.S. Ambassador
<mask> served in the House into 2002, when President George W. Bush nominated him to succeed George McGovern as United States Ambassador to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture. <mask>'s

masks: Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall


title: Tony P. Hall

texts:
 confirmation to the post was held up for several months, but he was confirmed and sworn into the post in September 2002 by U.S. Secretary of State <mask>. He served in this position until 2006, leading as chief of the United States Mission to the UN Agencies in Rome, which includes the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme, and the International Fund for Agricultural Development. Later career
With <mask>, <mask> wrote Changing the Face of Hunger: One Man's Story of How Liberals, Conservatives, Democrats, Republicans, and People of Faith Are Joining Forces to Help the Hungry, the Poor, and the Oppressed (2007). In March 2007, <mask> announced he was committed to fostering a Middle East peace initiative, by working with the Center for the Study of the Presidency and Congress and religious leaders of the Holy Land, principally among Muslims, Christians and Jews in the Middle East.Under a $1 million grant from U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice via the U.S. Agency for International Development, to be applied to both economics and faith-based efforts, <mask> was to work with religious leaders to help prepare the way for peace in the Middle East. <mask> received no salary for his work. He serves as executive director emeritus of The Alliance to End Hunger. <mask> also serves on the Board of Advisors of Opportunity International, a charity that seeks to end poverty through microcredit lending to entrepreneurs. <mask> remains active fighting hunger in his hometown of Dayton. In 2015, he created the Hall Hunger Initiative, a Dayton-based nonprofit working to “create a just and equitable food system. "He also served as the Capital Chair for the Gem City Market, a co-op grocery store, and lead a

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Colin Powell
Tom Price
Hall
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title: Tony P. Hall

texts:
 successful effort to raise $5 million.Recognition
Ambassador <mask> was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for 1998, 1999 and 2001 for his humanitarian and hunger-related work. For his hunger legislation and for his proposal for a Humanitarian Summit in the Horn of Africa, Ambassador <mask> and the Hunger Committee received the 1992 Silver World Food Day Medal from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization. Ambassador <mask> is a recipient of the United States Committee for UNICEF 1995 Children's Legislative Advocate Award, U.S. AID Presidential End Hunger Award, 1992 Oxfam America Partners Award, Bread for the World Distinguished Service Against Hunger Award, and NCAA Silver Anniversary Award. He received honorary Doctor of Laws degrees from Asbury College, Antioch College and Eastern College and a Doctor of Humane Letters degree from Loyola College in Baltimore. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Janet Sue Dick, were married in 1973. They had two children together, Jyl <mask> and <mask>. Matthew died in 1996, at age 15, of leukemia.See also
 List of United States political appointments that crossed party lines
 List of United States representatives from Ohio

References

External links

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1942 births
Representatives of the United States to the United Nations Agencies for Food and Agriculture
Denison University alumni
Living people
Members of the Ohio House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio
Ohio state senators
Politicians from Dayton, Ohio
Peace Corps volunteers
Writers from Dayton, Ohio
Ohio Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives

masks:
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Hall Smith
Matthew Hall


title: Ariana Grande

texts: <mask>  (; born June 26, 1993) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Her four-octave vocal range has received public acclaim, and her personal life has been the subject of widespread media attention. She has received numerous accolades throughout her career, including two Grammy Awards, one Brit Award, one Bambi Award, two Billboard Music Awards, three American Music Awards, nine MTV Video Music Awards, and 26 Guinness World Records. <mask> began her music career at age 15 in the 2008 Broadway musical 13. She rose to fame for playing Cat Valentine in the Nickelodeon television series Victorious (2010–2013) and Sam & Cat (2013–2014). <mask> signed with Republic Records in 2011 after label executives viewed YouTube videos of her covering songs. Her 1950s doo-wop-influenced pop and R&B debut album, Yours Truly (2013), topped the US Billboard 200, while its lead single, "The Way", reached the top ten of the US Billboard Hot 100.<mask>'s voice and whistle register on the album drew immediate comparisons to Mariah Carey. She continued to explore pop and R&B in her second and third studio albums, My Everything (2014) and Dangerous Woman (2016). The former experimented with EDM and achieved global success with its singles "Problem", "Break Free" and "Bang Bang"; the latter became her first of four consecutive number-one albums in the UK. Personal struggles influenced her trap-infused fourth and fifth studio albums, Sweetener (2018) and Thank U, Next (2019), both of which were critical and commercial successes. Sweetener won the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album, and Thank U, Next broke the record for the largest streaming week for a pop album and was nominated for

masks:
Ariana Grande Butera
Grande
Grande
Grande


title: Ariana Grande

texts: Album of the Year. The singles "Thank U, Next", "7 Rings", and "Break Up with Your Girlfriend, I'm Bored" made <mask> the first solo artist to hold the top three spots on the Hot 100 simultaneously and the first woman to succeed herself at the top of the UK Singles Chart. Her 2020 collaborations "Stuck with U" with Justin Bieber and "Rain on Me" with Lady Gaga helped her break the record for most number-one debuts on the Hot 100, the latter winning the Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.<mask>'s R&B-focused sixth studio album, Positions (2020), and its title track debuted at number-one in the UK and US. In 2021, she had her sixth US number-one single after featuring on the remix of The Weeknd's "Save Your Tears". Often regarded as a pop cultural icon and triple threat entertainer, <mask> is one of the world's best-selling music artists; she has sold more than 85 million records globally, and all of her studio albums have been certified platinum or higher. Among her Billboard chart records, she is the first artist and only woman to have five number-one debuts, to chart three number one-debuts in one calendar year, to debut the lead singles from each of her studio albums in the top ten, and to have their first five number one singles debut at top spot. <mask> is the most streamed female artist ever, the most streamed female artist on Spotify and Apple Music, the most followed female artist on Spotify, and the most subscribed female artist on YouTube. She has been included on Times annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world (2016 and 2019) and the Forbes Celebrity 100 (2019–2020). <mask> was named Woman of the Year (2018), the greatest pop star of

masks: Grande Grande Grande Grande Grande


title: Ariana Grande

texts:
 2019, and the most successful female artist to debut in the 2010s by Billboard.Aside from music, <mask> worked with many charitable organizations and advocates for animal rights, mental health, and gender, racial, and LGBT equality. <mask> has a large following on social media; she became the most followed woman on Instagram in 2019, and has also ventured into the cosmetics and fashion industries. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on June 26, 1993, in Boca Raton, Florida. She is the daughter of <mask>, the Brooklyn-born CEO of Hose-McCann Communications, a manufacturer of communications and safety equipment, and Edward Butera, a graphic design firm owner in Boca Raton. <mask> is of Italian descent, and has described herself as an Italian American with Sicilian and Abruzzese roots. She has an older half-brother, <mask>, who is an entertainer and producer, and she has a close relationship with her maternal grandmother, <mask>. Her family moved from New York to Florida before her birth, and her parents separated when she was eight or nine years old.When her parents were Florida Panthers season ticket holders, she was accidentally hit on each wrist by errant hockey pucks on two different occasions in 1998, sustaining minor bruises both times. The second occurrence happened during the Panthers' inaugural regular-season game at National Car Rental Center on October 9, 1998, in which she was also the first child to ever ride a Zamboni in the brand-new arena during the first intermission, the result of her parents' $200 winning bid at an auction. A photograph of her on the Zamboni was featured in the South Florida SunSentinel the next day. At age 8, she sang "The Star-Spangled

masks:
Grande
Grande
Ariana
Grande Butera
Joan Grande
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Frankie Grande
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title: Ariana Grande

texts:
 Banner" at the Panthers' home game against the Chicago Blackhawks on January 16, 2002. As a young child, <mask> performed with the Fort Lauderdale Children's Theater, playing her first role as the title character in the musical Annie. She also performed in their productions of The Wizard of Oz and Beauty and the Beast. At age eight, she performed at a karaoke lounge on a cruise ship and with various orchestras such as South Florida's Philharmonic, Florida Sunshine Pops and Symphonic Orchestras.During this time, she attended the Pine Crest School and later North Broward Preparatory. Career

2008–2012: Career beginnings and Nickelodeon
By age 13, <mask> became serious about pursuing a music career, although she still concentrated on theater. When she first arrived in Los Angeles, California to meet with her managers, she expressed a desire to record an R&B album: "I was like, 'I want to make an R&B album,' They were like 'Um, that's a helluva goal! Who is going to buy a 14-year-old's R&B album?!'" In 2008, <mask> was cast as cheerleader Charlotte in the Broadway musical 13. When she joined the musical, <mask> left North Broward Preparatory School, but continued to be enrolled; the school sent her materials to study with tutors. She also sang various times at the New York City jazz club Birdland.<mask> was cast in the Nickelodeon television show Victorious along with 13 co-star Elizabeth Gillies in 2009. In the sitcom, set at a performing arts high school, she played the "adorably dimwitted" Cat Valentine. She had to dye her hair red every other week for the role, which severely damaged her hair. The show premiered in March 2010 to the second-largest audience for a live-action


title: Ariana Grande

texts: series in Nickelodeon, with 5.7 million viewers. The role helped propel <mask> to teen idol status, but she was more interested in a music career, saying that acting is "fun, but music has always been first and foremost with me." Her character was compared to "Brittany Murphy's performance as the hapless Tai in Clueless" and described as being "very impressionable and easily swayed" but "generally sweet". She also played Miriam in the musical Cuba Libre, written and produced by American songwriter Desmond Child.After the first season of Victorious wrapped, <mask> wanted to focus on her music career and began working on her debut album in August 2010. To strengthen her vocal range, she began working with vocal coach Eric Vetro. The second season premiered in April 2011 to 6.2 million viewers, becoming the show's highest-rated episode. In May 2011, <mask> appeared in Greyson Chance's video for the song "Unfriend You" from his album Hold On 'til the Night (2011), portraying his ex-girlfriend. She made her first musical appearance on the track "Give It Up" from the Victorious soundtrack in August 2011. While filming Victorious, <mask> made several recordings of herself singing covers of songs by Adele, Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey, and uploaded them to YouTube. A friend of Monte Lipman, chief executive officer (CEO) of Republic Records, came across one of the videos.Impressed by her vocals, he sent the links to Lipman, who signed her to a recording contract. <mask> voiced the title role in the English dub of the Spanish-language animated film Snowflake, the White Gorilla in November 2011. From 2011 to 2013, she voiced the fairy Princess Diaspro in the Nickelodeon revival of