title: Jackson Martínez

texts:
 to action on 9 August in a goalless draw against Beijing Guoan, playing the last 20 minutes of the match. In October 2016, after playing 16 games, <mask> suffered an ankle injury that ruled him out for two years. He had another ankle surgery in July 2017. In March 2018, Guangzhou Evergrande terminated his contract and released him because of his injuries, and they thought there was no point of paying his salary if he wasn't going to play. Portimonense
On 31 August 2018, <mask> returned to Portugal's top flight, joining Portimonense on a season-long loan. The deal was subsequently made permanent, but only until the end of 2019.He made his debut in a 3–2 victory against Vitoria de Guimaraes on 23 September, playing the last 17 minutes of the match. On 3 November 2018, he scored his first goal for the club, a penalty, in a 1–1 draw against Belenenses. On 7 December, he returned to the Estádio do Dragão for the first time since leaving Porto, playing 75 minutes and receiving a standing ovation by the fans and players as he was subbed off. A week later, he scored a double in a 3–1 win against Vitoria Setubal. On 11 May 2019, he scored an 88th minute winner against Maritimo in a 3–2 victory. In October 2019, <mask> scored his first goal for the club in the Taça de Portugal against Académica de Coimbra, a match which Portimonense lost 2–1. In January 2020, he signed a new contract with the Portuguese club, keeping him until 2022.However, still troubled by his chronic ankle injuries, <mask> left Portimonense in August 2020, stating that he wanted to return to Independiente Medellín. On 7 December 2020, after spending six months as a free agent, <mask> officially announced his retirement. International career
A Colombian international at the age of 22, he made his debut and scored his first international goal on 5 September 2009 in a 2–0 victory against Ecuador as part of the 2010 FIFA World

masks: Martínez Martínez Jackson Martínez Martínez


title: Jackson Martínez

type: original

texts:
 Cup qualifiers. Four days later, he came on as a substitute and scored his second international goal against Uruguay, although Colombia lost 3–1. On 7 June 2011, he was selected by Hernán Darío Gómez to the 23-man-squad for the 2011 Copa América. On 2 June 2014, <mask> was named by coach José Pékerman in Colombia's 23-man squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. After a substitute appearance in the team's opening match win over Greece, <mask> was selected to start in the final group game against Japan, scoring twice in a 4–1 win.<mask> was also chosen for the 2015 Copa América in Chile. The last time he was called up to the national team was for a 2018 World Cup qualification match against Chile on 12 November 2015, where he suffered an injury. Personal life
His nickname "Cha Cha Cha" came from his father, Orlando Martinez, who was a second division footballer in Colombia. He would celebrate his goals by doing the "Cha Cha Cha" dance, and so his teammates began to call him that. The nickname was passed on to <mask> and he often does the celebration as well. <mask> married Tatiana Castillo in March 2013, and the couple have a son named Josue. He is a Christian.In September 2018, he released a seven-track Christian hip hop album titled No Temeré ("I Will Not Fear"). Martinez has two sisters named Yajaira and Yadira. Martinez's mother is named Ernes. Style of play
<mask> was known as a prolific goalscorer, being able to use both feet effectively, and having excellent volleying technique. He combined his volleying technique with his agility, which allowed him to score multiple acrobatic goals throughout his career. His height made him an aerial threat, and he combined this with his strength to win aerial battles. His strength also made it difficult for opponents to knock him off the ball.Former Porto player Paulo Futre compared his traits to those of George Weah. Noted BBC journalist Tim

masks: Martínez Martínez Martínez Jackson Martínez Martínez


title: Peter Anthony Motteux

texts:
<mask> (born <mask> ; 25 February 1663 – 18 February 1718) was a French-born English author, playwright, and translator. <mask> was a significant figure in the evolution of English journalism in his era, as the publisher and editor of The Gentleman's Journal, "the first English magazine," from 1692 to 1694. Life
A native of Rouen, he was a French Huguenot who came to England in 1685 after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. At first he lived with his godfather, Paul Dominique, and made his living as an auctioneer; by 1706 he maintained a shop in Leadenhall Street, selling imports from China, Japan, and India, and (in his own words) "silks, lace, linens, pictures, and other goods." He also held a position with the Post Office in the first decade of the 18th century. His death in a bawdy house was thought to be suspicious, and caused a good deal of legal disturbance. Five people were tried for his murder, but were acquitted.He was survived by his widow Priscilla, two sons and a daughter. Translations
<mask> is perhaps best known for completing Sir Thomas Urquhart's translation of Rabelais' Gargantua and Pantagruel. Books I and II of Urquhart's translation of Rabelais had been published in 1653; <mask> (with outside help) revised these, completed Urquart's translation of Book III, and translated Book IV and the possibly-spurious Book V. The entire work was published in 1693 and 1694 (reprinted in 1708; revised by John Ozell in 1737). While Urquhart's original version of Rabelais has sometimes been acclaimed as a masterpiece in

masks:
Peter Anthony Motteux
Pierre Antoine Motteux
Motteux
Motteux
Motteux


title: Peter Anthony Motteux

texts:
 itself, critics have had reservations about <mask>'s continuation. In part, Motteux suffered for frankly rendering the vulgarity of Rabelais, to a generation of readers less prepared to tolerate it than Urquhart's had been. <mask> produced an important translation of the Miguel de Cervantes novel Don Quixote; this 4-volume 1700–03 edition (3rd edition in 1712) was credited as "translated from the original by many hands and published by <mask>." Very popular in its own era, <mask>'s version of the work has been condemned by later translators.John Ormsby listed numerous faults he found with <mask>'s translation, and described it as "worse than worthless ... worthless as failing to represent, worse than worthless as misrepresenting" the spirit and flavour of the original. Motteux translated other works as well, one example being The Present State of the Empire of Morocco (1695) by French diplomat François Pidou de Saint-Olon. Dramas
Motteux wrote a series of plays and musical librettos that were produced during the 1690s and early 18th century, including:

 The Loves of Mars and Venus (1695)
 Love's a Jest (1696)
 She Ventures and He Wins (1696)
 The Novelty, or Every Act a Play (1697)
 Beauty in Distress (1698)
 Britain's Happiness (1704)
 The Stage Coach (1704)
 The Amorous Miser, or the Younger the Wiser (1705)
 Thomyris, Queen of Scythia (1707)
 Love's Triumph (1708)

—among others. As its subtitle indicates, The Novelty was an anthology of five short plays in different genres, comedy, tragedy, pastoral, masque, and farce.

masks:
Motteux
Motteux
Peter Motteux
Motteux
Motteux


title: Peter Anthony Motteux

texts:
 <mask> worked in the English stage genre then called "opera," which were semi-operas somewhat comparable to modern musicals; works like The Rape of Europa by Jupiter (1694), Acis and Galatea (1701), and Arsinoe, Queen of Cyprus (1705), Thomyris, Queen of Scythia (17078 the first two with music by John Eccles, the third with music by Thomas Clayton and the fourth arranged by Johann Christoph Pepusch. His final works are translations and adaptations of opera libretti from the Italian. As was typical of Restoration drama, Motteux's plays often adapted earlier works; and his plays in turn were adapted by others into new forms.His semi-opera The Island Princess, or the Generous Portuguese (1699) was an adaptation of John Fletcher's play The Island Princess, with music by Daniel Purcell, Richard Leveridge and Jeremiah Clarke. The mezzo-soprano, Mrs Lindsey sang interludes at its first performance at Drury Lane in February 1699. After his death, the comic subplot of Acis and Galatea was transformed into "a comic mask" called Roger and Joan, or the Country Wedding (1739). Much later, David Garrick adapted The Novelty into a farce titled The Lying Varlet, published in 1823. Journalism
Motteux edited The Gentleman's Journal, or the Monthly Miscellany from its initial issue, dated January 1692, to its last of November 1694; evidence suggests he wrote most of the prose in each issue as well. (The plan was for monthly issues, though some were late, and some were missed.) Motteux may have been influenced by Le Mercure Galant, a French


title: Peter Anthony Motteux

texts: periodical of the 1670s devoted to Court news and gossip—though Motteux's Journal was more ambitious.The Journal published "News, History, Philosophy, Poetry, Musick, Translations, &c." It covered a wider range of topics than other periodicals of its era like John Dunton's The Athenian Gazette, giving it some claim as the first "general interest" magazine in English. <mask> reviewed plays by John Dryden (a personal friend) and William Congreve among others; he published verse by the poets of the era, including Matthew Prior and Charles Sedley; he covered the musical career of Henry Purcell and printed several of his songs. The short fictions published in the journal contributed to the formation of the novel in English. The Journal even featured a "Lovers' Gazette," foreshadowing the advice-to-the-lovelorn columns of later generations of popular journalism. Though its existence was relatively brief in historical terms, the Journal provided a precedent for later publications of the same type, notably The Gentleman's Magazine and The London Magazine. One curiosity of the Journal is that the title page of its first issue bore the motto E pluribus unum, apparently the earliest use of what would later become the motto of the United States of America. <mask> used the phrase in the sense of "one chosen among many," rather than its common later connotation.(Classicists have attempted to trace possible sources for the motto, ranging from Vergil to Aristotle to Horace to Cicero to St. Augustine.) <mask> published early arguments in favor of

masks: Motteux Motteux Motteux


title: Peter Anthony Motteux

texts:
 the equality of the sexes; he re-titled the October 1693 issue of the Journal "The Lady's Journal," and devoted it to articles by and about women. Notes

References
Arnold, Howard Payson. Historical Side-Lights. New York, Harper & Brothers, 1899. Baldwin, Neil.The American Revelation. New York, St. Martin's Griffin, 2006. Bayer, Gerd. "Novel Horizons: The Genre Making of Restoration Fiction." Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2016. Cervantes, Miguel de. The History of Don Quixote De La Mancha.Translated by John Ormsby. Chicago, Encyclopædia Britannica Press, 1952. Cunningham, Robert Newton. <mask> <mask>: A Biographical and Critical Study. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1933. Gillespie, Stuart, and David Hopkins, eds. The Oxford History of Literary Translation in English.Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005. Jackson, Mason. The Pictorial Press: Its Origin and Progress. London, Hurst and Blackett, 1885. MacDonald, Hugh. John Dryden: A Bibliography of Early Editions and of Drydeniana. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1939; reprinted Kessinger, 2006.Owen, Susan J. A Companion to Restoration Drama. London, Blackwell, 2001. Van Laun, Henri. "Life," in: Motteux's Don Quixote, edited by John Gibson Lockhart; 4 Volumes, reprinted London, J. M. Dent, 1880. External links

 Three Motteux plays online. French–English translators
English dramatists and playwrights
English male dramatists and playwrights
People from Rouen
French expatriates in England
1663 births
1718 deaths
Translators of Don Quixote
17th-century journalists
18th-century

masks:
Peter Anthony
Motteux


title: Judy Darcy

texts:
<mask> (born 1950) is a Canadian health care advocate, trade unionist, and former politician. <mask> was the first Minister of Mental Health and Addictions of British Columbia. She was the fourth National President of the Canadian Union of Public Employees from 1991 until 2003, making her the second woman and second Jewish-Canadian person to hold the post, and business manager of the Hospital Employees' Union from 2005 to 2011. <mask> was elected to the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia in the 2013 election, as a BC NDP candidate for the provincial constituency of New Westminster. Early life
<mask> was born Ida Maria Judith Borunsky in Denmark and came to Canada with her parents when she was 18 months old. Her father was a research chemist who was a shipping clerk for years until he could re-establish his credentials in Canada and resume work in his profession. Her father, Jules (Youli) Simonovich Borunsky, was a Russian Jew whose family had moved to France following the Russian Revolution.Borunsky's first wife was a French Catholic woman. During the war he enlisted in the French Army and was taken prisoner during the Battle of Dunkirk. During his detention as a Prisoner of war, he survived and avoided deportation to a concentration camp by hiding his Jewishness and pretending to be a devout Catholic, including Catholic references and symbols in his letters to his wife as part of the ruse. With Paris occupied by the Nazis, Borunsky convinced his father that it would be safer for him to join the rest of the family in Kovno, Lithuania. However, four days after he arrived, the town was invaded by the Nazis. Einsatzgruppen murdered most of the Jewish population, presumably including Borunsky's father, sister, her husband and their

masks:
Judy Darcy
Darcy
Darcy
Darcy


title: Judy Darcy

texts:
 daughter. According to <mask>, her father "carried tremendous guilt, [t]he guilt of having survived when others died and the guilt of having sent his father to his death."Borunsky's first wife died of illness around the end of the war. Borunsky, after being liberated, worked as deputy director of a United Nations Refugee Agency displaced persons camp where he met Else Margrethe Rich, a veteran of the Danish resistance movement who found work on the staff of the camp after the war. Traumatized by the war and the loss of his family, and afraid of further anti-Semitic oppression, Borunsky continued to hide his Jewishness from everyone except for his wife until later life. Borunsky and Rich married and moved to Denmark where <mask> was born in 1950. <mask> and her sister and brother were all baptized in the Russian Orthodox Church but were not raised in any faith. The family emigrated to Canada in 1951, and settled in Sarnia where Borunsky found work in the  petrochemical industry. When she was 8, her parents changed the family's name to <mask> as her father wanted a French sounding name.After his retirement, her father started attending Holy Blossom Synagogue and the Bernard Betel Centre for Creative Living in order to rekindle his Jewish roots and gradually revealed his story to his children. <mask> was raised in Sarnia, and moved to Toronto to study political science at York University but quit after 1½ years, but not before infiltrating and disrupting the Miss Canadian University Pageant yelling "It's true it's a meat market and they do exploit women!" as the winner was announced. After travelling and doing odd jobs, she became a University of Toronto library clerk in 1972 and became active in CUPE. Union activism
In her youth, <mask>

masks: Darcy Darcy Darcy Darcy Darcy Darcy


title: Judy Darcy

texts: was active with the Workers' Communist Party of Canada, a Maoist group, and was a candidate for the party in the 1981 Ontario provincial election in the Toronto riding of St. Andrew—St. Patrick. By 1985, she had left the party and joined the New Democratic Party saying of her earlier radicalism ""I'm older, I don't think we're going to remake the world, but we've got to change what we can."In 1983, she became a regional vice-president of the union's Ontario division and was also working at the Metropolitan Toronto Reference Library. By the mid-1980s, she was president of the Metro Toronto Council of CUPE. In 1986, she ran for the position of Ontario president of CUPE challenging 10-year incumbent Lucie Nicholson. She was unsuccessful, losing by a margin of 318-240, her defeat blamed on a red-baiting campaign by the union's leadership. <mask>, however, did manage to retain a spot on the union's executive board topping the slate of "member at large" positions. By 1988, she was first vice-president of CUPE's Ontario division as well as a vice-president of the Ontario Federation of Labour. In 1989, she successfully ran for the position of national secretary-treasurer of CUPE, the union's number two position.saying that said she stands for strong leadership to help CUPE cope with "some of the incredibly difficult challenges we'll see in the next few years, especially in light of free trade." In the 1988 federal election, <mask> was the NDP's candidate against Liberal Frank Stronach and Progressive Conservative John E. Cole in York—Simcoe placing a "distant third" in the suburban Toronto riding. In 1991, she was elected CUPE national president taking over the 406,000 member trade union. By the time she retired 13 years later the union had

masks: Darcy Darcy


title: Judy Darcy

texts:
 grown to 525,000 members. Electoral record

After CUPE
She moved to British Columbia subsequently and ran for the provincial British Columbia New Democratic Party nomination in Vancouver-Fairview but was upset by a businessman Gregor Robertson by a margin of 76 votes on the second ballot. In February 2005, <mask> returned to work in the trade union movement acquiring a position as secretary-business manager and chief negotiator with British Columbia's Hospital Employees' Union. She was known as being on the left of the union and an advocate of issues such as employment equity and childcare.She resigned from this position in September 2011 in preparation for her candidacy in the 2013 BC provincial election in New Westminster. She celebrated her election as New Westminster's Member of the Legislative Assembly at the Heritage Grill. At this party, <mask> led attendees in chanting "NDP". References

1950 births
20th-century Canadian women politicians
21st-century Canadian politicians
21st-century Canadian women politicians
Jewish Canadian politicians
British Columbia New Democratic Party MLAs
Canadian people of Russian-Jewish descent
Trade unionists from British Columbia
Canadian Union of Public Employees people
Candidates in Ontario provincial elections
Danish emigrants to Canada
Living people
Members of the Executive Council of British Columbia
New Democratic Party candidates for the Canadian House of Commons
Ontario candidates for Member of Parliament
University of Toronto people
Women government ministers of Canada
Women in Ontario politics
Women labour leaders
Women MLAs in British Columbia
York University alumni
Canadian women trade unionists
Trade unionists from Ontario
Jewish women politicians
Workers' Communist Party (Canada)


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
Bernard-<mask> (; ; born 5 November 1948) is a French public intellectual. Often referred to in France simply as BHL, he was one of the leaders of the "Nouveaux Philosophes" (New Philosophers) movement in 1976. His opinions, political activism and publications have also been the subject of several controversies over the years. Life and career

Early life and career
<mask> was born in 1948 in Béni Saf, French Algeria, to an affluent Sephardic Jewish (Algerian-Jewish) family. His family moved to Paris a few months after his birth. He is the son of Dina (Siboni) and <mask>, the founder and manager of a timber company, Becob, and became a multimillionaire from his business. His father participated in the battle of Monte Cassino during World War II.He is the brother of Philippe Levy and . After attending the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris, Lévy entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1968 and graduated with a degree in philosophy in 1971. His professors there included French intellectuals and philosophers Jacques Derrida and Louis Althusser. Inspired by a call for an International Brigade to aid Bangladeshi separatists made by André Malraux, he became a war correspondent for Combat in 1971, covering the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan. The next year he worked as a civil servant for the newly established Bangladesh Ministry of Economy and Planning. His experience in Bangladesh was the source of his first book, Bangla-Desh, Nationalisme dans la révolution ("Bangladesh, Nationalism in

masks:
Henri Lévy
Lévy
André Lévy


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
 the Revolution", 1973). He visited Bangladesh again in 2014 to speak at the launch of the first Bengali translation of this book and to open a memorial garden for Malraux at Dhaka University.New Philosophers
After his return to France, Lévy became a lecturer at the University of Strasbourg where he taught a course on epistemology. He also taught philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure. He was a founder of the New Philosophers (Nouveaux Philosophes) school. This was a group of young intellectuals who were disenchanted with communist and socialist responses to the near-revolutionary upheavals in France of May 1968, and who developed an uncompromising moral critique of Marxist and socialist dogmas. In 1977, the television show Apostrophes featured <mask> together with André Glucksmann as a nouveau philosophe. In that year, he published Barbarism with a Human Face (La barbarie à visage humain, 1977), arguing that Marxism was inherently corrupt. Notable books

In the Footsteps of Tocqueville
Although <mask>'s books have been translated into the English language since La Barbarie à visage humain, his breakthrough in gaining a wider US audience was the publication of a series of essays between May and November 2005 for The Atlantic Monthly, later collected as a book.In preparation for the series, In the Footsteps of Tocqueville, Lévy criss-crossed the United States, interviewing Americans, and recording his observations, with direct reference to his claimed predecessor, Alexis de

masks: Lévy Lévy


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
 Tocqueville. His work was published in serial form in the magazine and collected as a book by the same title. The book was widely criticized in the United States, with Garrison Keillor publishing a damning review on the front page of The New York Times Book Review. The Spirit of Judaism
In February 2016, Lévy published a book entitled L'Esprit du Judaisme. An English version, The Genius of Judaism, was published by Random House in January 2017. In his foreword he describes this work as "a sequel, 40 years later" to Testament de Dieu, his earlier, widely considered seminal, opus. The book explores the reasons why the State of Israel is considered to be a litmus test for Jews and non-Jews alike; as well as the roots and causes of anti-Semitism where it existed, still exists, or is newly nascent.But, most of all, the book is devoted to Levy's "defense of a certain idea of man and God, of history and time, of power, voice, light, sovereignty, revolt, memory, and nature—an idea that contains what I call, in homage to one of the few really great French writers to have understood some of its mystery, the genius of Judaism." Notable movies

The Tobruk Oath
Documentary released in 2012. It tells the diplomatic events of the Libyan Civil War seen from the inside by Lévy. Peshmerga
Lévy's involvement with the Kurdish cause goes back to the early 1990s. On 16 May 2016, Bernard-Henri <mask>'s new documentary film, Peshmerga, was chosen by the Cannes film festival as a special screening to its


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
 dream. There is no longer really any doubt. Enlightened Islam exists: I found it in Erbil." A year later, <mask> said that "Jews have a special obligation to support the Kurds", and that he hopes "they will come say to the Peshmerga: 'For years now you have spilled your blood to defend the values of our shared civilization.Now it is our turn to defend your right to live freely and independently.. He received the 2017 Cinema for Peace Most Valuable Documentary of the Year Award for such film. The Mosul Battle
Documentary released in 2017. Alongside Kurdish fighters and Iraqi soldiers, Lévy chronicles, street after street, the liberation of the self-proclaimed capital of the organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Mosul. Political activism and social involvement
In 1981, Lévy published L'Idéologie française ("The French Ideology"), arguably his most influential work, in which he offers a dark picture of French history. It was strongly criticised for its journalistic character and unbalanced approach to French history by some of the most respected French academics, including Marxism-critic Raymond Aron. In the 1990s, Lévy called for European and American intervention in the Bosnian War during the breakup of Yugoslavia.He spoke about the Serb POW camps which were holding Muslims. He referred to the Jewish experience in the Holocaust as providing a lesson that mass murder cannot be ignored by those in other nations. At the end of the 1990s, with <mask> and Alain Finkielkraut,

masks:
Lévy
Benny Lévy


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
 play Hotel Europa at the National Opera of Ukraine on the first anniversary of the Euromaidan's toppling of the pro-Russian oligarchy of Viktor Yanukovych. In April 2014, he visited Bangladesh for the first time since 1972 to speak at the launch of the first Bengali translation of his first book  Bangla-Desh, Nationalisme dans la révolution ("Bangladesh, Nationalism in the Revolution", 1973), and to open a memorial garden for Malraux at Dhaka University. On 5 June 2018, he performed his one-man play Last Exit before Brexit at the Cadogan Hall in London. The play is a revised version of Hotel Europa and argues passionately that Brexit should be abandoned. In December 2019, Lévy visited the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, where he met Kurdish fighters led by General Mazloum Abdi. In July 2020, Lévy arrived on Misrata Airport in Libya, then he met some Government of National Accord officials. Criticisms and controversies
Early essays, such as Le Testament de Dieu or L'Idéologie française faced strong rebuttals from noted intellectuals on all sides of the ideological spectrum, such as historian Pierre Vidal-Naquet and philosophers Cornelius Castoriadis, Raymond Aron, and Gilles Deleuze, who called Lévy's methods "vile".More recently, <mask> was publicly embarrassed when his essay De la guerre en philosophie (2010) cited the writings of French philosopher Jean-Baptiste Botul. Botul's writings are actually well-known spoofs, and Botul himself is the purely fictional creation


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts: of a living French journalist and philosopher, Frédéric Pagès. The obviousness of the hoax, with Botul's philosophy being botulism, led to suspicions that Levy had not read Botul, and that he consequently might have used a ghostwriter for his book. Responding in an opinion piece, Levy wrote: "It was a truly brilliant and very believable hoax from the mind of a Canard Enchaîné journalist who remains a good philosopher all the same. So I was caught, as were the critics who reviewed the book when it came out. The only thing left to say, with no hard feelings, is kudos to the artist." In the essay Une imposture française, journalists Nicolas Beau and Olivier Toscer claim that <mask> uses his unique position as an influential member of both the literary and business establishments in France to be the go-between of the two worlds, which helps him to get positive reviews as marks of gratitude, while silencing dissenters.For instance, Beau and Toscer noted that most of the reviews published in France for Who Killed Daniel Pearl? did not mention strong denials about the book given by experts and by Pearl's own family including wife Mariane Pearl, who called Lévy "a man whose intelligence is destroyed by his own ego". Who Killed Daniel Pearl? In 2003, <mask> wrote an account of his efforts to track the murderer of Daniel Pearl, The Wall Street Journal reporter who was taken captive and beheaded by Islamic extremists the previous year. At the time of Pearl's death, <mask> was visiting Afghanistan as

masks: Lévy Lévy Lévy


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
 French President Jacques Chirac's special envoy. He spent the next year in Pakistan, India, Europe and the United States trying to uncover why Pearl's captors held and executed him. The resulting book, Who Killed Daniel Pearl?, argues it was because Pearl knew too much about the links between Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence and al-Qaeda.The book was strongly criticized by both experts and Pearl's own family, including wife Mariane Pearl who called Lévy "a man whose intelligence is destroyed by his own ego". The book was condemned by William Dalrymple, a British historian of India and travel writer, and others, for its lack of rigour and its caricatured depictions of Pakistani society. Dalrymple also criticized <mask>'s fictionalised account of Pearl's thoughts in the last moments of his life. Pie throwing
Bernard-Henri <mask> is a favorite victim of pie thrower Noël Godin. Threats
<mask> was one of six Jewish public figures in Europe targeted for assassination by a Belgium-based Islamist militant group in 2008. The list included others in France such as Josy Eisenberg. That plot was foiled after the group's leader, Abdelkader Belliraj, was arrested on unrelated murder charges from the 1980s.Personal life
<mask> has been married three times. His eldest daughter by his first marriage to Isabelle Doutreluigne, Justine <mask>, is a best-selling novelist. He has a son, Antonin-Balthazar <mask>, by his second wife, Sylvie Bouscasse. He is currently married to French actress and singer

masks: Lévy Lévy Lévy Lévy Lévy Lévy


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
 Arielle Dombasle. The affair between Lévy and English socialite Daphne Guinness was an open secret known amongst US society columnists since 2008. On 13 July 2010, Daphne Guinness confirmed the stories to Harper's Bazaar. Lévy is proudly Jewish, and he has said that Jews ought to provide a unique Jewish moral voice in society and politics.Lévy has been friends with Nicolas Sarkozy since 1983. Relations between them deteriorated during Sarkozy's 2007 presidential run in which Lévy backed the Socialist candidate and also described Sarkozy as "A man with a warrior vision of politics". However, they grew closer again after Sarkozy's victory. In 2004, his fortune amounts to 150 million euros. The owner of seven companies, this fortune comes essentially from inheritance from his parents, then complemented by stock exchange investments (in 2000 he was suspected of insider trading by the Commission des opérations de bourse). Works
<mask>'s works have been translated into many different languages; below is an offering of works available in either French or English. , 1973 (reissued in 1985 under the title Les Indes Rouges)., 1977. "Response to the Master Censors". Telos 33 (Fall 1977). New York: Telos Press. , 1978.
 , 1981.
 , 1984.
 , 1987.
 , 1988.
 , 1991; translated as Adventures on the Freedom Road: The French Intellectuals in the 20th Century, 1995, Harvill Press,
 , 1992
 , 1992
 , 1994.
 , 1994.
 , 1994. What Good Are Intellectuals: 44 Writers Share Their Thoughts, 2000, Algora


title: Bernard-Henri Lévy

texts:
 University of California Press, 1992), 243–52.External links

  (in English and French)

 * Institute for Levinassian Studies, co-founded by Bernard-Henri <mask>, <mask> and Alain Finkielkraut
  France's Most Famous Intellectual Urges Jews Not To Leave

1948 births
Living people
20th-century French male writers
20th-century French Sephardi Jews
20th-century French writers
21st-century French writers
École Normale Supérieure alumni
French film directors
French male non-fiction writers
French male novelists
French novelists
French philosophers
Jewish anti-communists
Jewish philosophers
Jewish writers
Lycée Louis-le-Grand alumni
Lycée Pasteur (Neuilly-sur-Seine) alumni
Neoconservatism
People from Béni Saf
Pieds-Noirs
Prix Interallié winners
Prix Médicis winners
Sciences Po


title: Craig Mabbitt

texts:
<mask> (born April 9, 1987) is an American singer-songwriter and recording artist. He is the lead vocalist for American rock band Escape the Fate. He was formerly the lead vocalist for the bands Blessthefall and The Word Alive. He is also the current lead vocalist of his side-project band, The Dead Rabbitts. Early life

In his early childhood, Mabbitt required the frequent and scheduled use of a nebulizer as a result of severe asthma. He also had to attend a special class due to a speech disorder, but nevertheless he overcame these setbacks, and in his adolescent years, realized his "dream of becoming a singer in a rock band." Musical career

Blessthefall (2003–2008)

While with Blessthefall, Mabbitt released two self-released EPs and one full-length album.Their first full album, His Last Walk, was released on April 10, 2007 on Science Records/Ferret Music. It produced four singles; the last of which, "Rise Up", was released after he left the band, and he does not appear in the video. In the middle of their 2007 European Tour with Silverstein and The Vincent Black Shadow, <mask> left the band for personal reasons, and was replaced by Beau Bokan, the former lead vocalist for Take the Crown. Both <mask> and Jonny <mask> filled in for A Skylit Drive on clean and unclean positions after leaving their bands, during their tour in late 2007. The Word Alive (2008)

<mask> founded the Arizona-based metalcore band The Word Alive in 2008 as a side-project while also performing in Escape the Fate. He and the group recorded songs for an EP that was never officially released, and November 2008 the band dropped <mask>, claiming complications due to his involvement with Escape the Fate. <mask> was replaced by Tyler Smith, formerly the bassist of Greeley Estates and singer/keyboardist of In Fear and Faith; since

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title: Craig Mabbitt

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 then, The Word Alive has released an EP and five albums.Escape the Fate (2008–present)

After singer Ronnie Radke was sentenced to five years' probation for battery charges (and then two years' imprisonment for failure to report to his probation officer) Escape the Fate turned to <mask>, who had played with Escape the Fate on the Black on Black Tour while with Blessthefall. After several trial shows he became the official new singer and they entered the studio to record their second full-length album This War Is Ours, which was released on October 21, 2008. It was the first Escape the Fate album with <mask> as singer; the album was a commercial success, entering at No. 35 on the Billboard 200 and selling 13,000 copies in the first week. The third studio album from the band and second to feature <mask> was Escape the Fate which was released on November 2, 2010 and is the band's most successful album to date charting No. 25 on the Billboard 200, No. 1 at Hard Rock Albums, No.14 in a Rock Albums, No. 13 in Alternative and Independent charts and No. 118 in Digital Albums Chart. On May 14, 2013 the band released their fourth studio album and third with <mask> Ungrateful. On October 30, 2015 the band released their fifth studio album and fourth with <mask> "Hate Me". The band released their sixth studio album, I Am Human on March 30, 2018. On April 16, 2021 the band released their seventh studio album and sixth with Mabbitt Chemical Warfare.The Dead Rabbitts (2011–present)

In late December 2011, <mask> announced an upcoming side project, along with a new Escape the Fate album. He revealed that a single would be released in February 2012, and the album will be produced by Caleb Shomo of Beartooth and will be a reminiscent of his music from Blessthefall and The Word Alive. <mask> was set to release his

masks: Mabbitt Mabbitt Mabbitt Mabbitt Mabbitt Mabbitt Mabbitt


title: Craig Mabbitt

texts: debut solo album April 9, stating "what better day to release your album than on your birthday?" On Facebook, <mask> announced that if his official Facebook page got to 50,000 likes, he would release a new song. On his Twitter, he revealed that he was working on a song titled "Are You Still On Drugs", which may be related to a song titled "Are You On Drugs" that he wrote back when he was in The Word Alive. When the page got to about 49,500 likes, he revealed the title and lyrics for the upcoming song, titled "Edge of Reality". "Edge of Reality" was released the moment the page reached 50,000 likes.<mask> posted a status update on his Facebook page informing that if the page got up to 75,000 likes, he would release another new song for his fans from his upcoming solo album. He also revealed a part of the lyrics of the upcoming song. Along with this announcement, he revealed an upcoming video for "Edge of Reality". On March 30, he announced the name of the upcoming EP titled Edge of Reality under the band name The Dead Rabbitts. On April 9, the EP or full length wasn't released on <mask>'s birthday as expected, so instead, he released a new song on YouTube, titled "World of Disaster", along with the final version of "Edge of Reality" on YouTube, and the "Edge of Reality – Single" on iTunes as well. <mask> also announced that he plans on releasing the "Edge of Reality EP" once 100% is met on the scale for the pledge, so fans can pledge now, which means pre-ordering the EP, for just digital download or also with the physical copy as well. <mask> has announced that he plans on releasing the Edge of Reality EP on October 19, 2012.He has streamed a new track only for the people who pledged, it's entitled "Nuthin But a Reject". Another new track was released online by <mask> entitled "Make Me Believe It"

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title: Craig Mabbitt

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 featuring Caleb Shomo of Attack Attack! On October 3, the goal was met for the pledge and for this <mask> released another track entitled "Sleep The Night Away" online. In late 2013, <mask> and the band announced the release of their full-length debut album sometime in 2014. In December, they began recording songs with Andrew Wade, On May 16. the band released their first single "My Only Regret" from their debut album Shapeshifter, which was released on July 1, 2014. The album debuted at No. 127 on the Billboard 200.The band released their second studio album, This Emptiness on April 17, 2017. On October 25, 2019, the band released "Dead By Daylight", a single written by <mask> with his son, Mizo, as a guest vocalist It is based on the horror-survival video game, Dead by Daylight. On December 6, 2019, the band's second EP, Break the Static, was released. Solo career (2020)

<mask> released his first solo song "Never Be" through SoundCloud on April 9, 2020. The song was released to celebrate his 33rd birthday. Discography

Solo career
 "Never Be" (Single, 2020)
 "One More Light" (Linkin Park cover, 2020)
 "Hollywood's Bleeding" (Post Malone cover, 2020)

Blessthefall
 Black Rose Dying (ЕР) (2005)
 Blessthefall (ЕР) (2006)
 His Last Walk (2007)

The Word Alive
 The Word Alive (ЕР) (2008)

Escape the Fate
 This War Is Ours (2008)
 Escape the Fate (2010)
 Ungrateful (2013)
 Hate Me (2015)
 I Am Human (2018)
 Chemical Warfare (2021)

The Dead Rabbitts
 Edge of Reality (ЕР) (2012)
 Shapeshifter (2014)
 This Emptiness (2017)
 Break the Static (ЕР) (2019)
 Rumination (2022)

Collaborations

References

1987 births
Living people
American male singers
Musicians from Scottsdale, Arizona
American heavy metal singers
Escape the Fate members
Musicians from Glendale, Arizona
21st-century American

masks: Mabbitt Mabbitt Mabbitt Mabbitt


title: Zaha Hadid

texts: Dame <mask>ā Ḥadīd; 31 October 1950 – 31 March 2016) was an Iraqi-British architect, artist and designer, recognised as a major figure in architecture of the late 20th and early 21st centuries. Born in Baghdad, Iraq, <mask> studied mathematics as an undergraduate and then enrolled at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in 1972. In search of an alternative system to traditional architectural drawing, and influenced by Suprematism and the Russian avant-garde, <mask> adopted painting as a design tool and abstraction as an investigative principle to "reinvestigate the aborted and untested experiments of Modernism [...] to unveil new fields of building." She was described by The Guardian as the "Queen of the curve", who "liberated architectural geometry, giving it a whole new expressive identity". Her major works include the London Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Olympics, the Broad Art Museum, Rome's MAXXI Museum, and the Guangzhou Opera House. Some of her awards have been presented posthumously, including the statuette for the 2017 Brit Awards. Several of her buildings were still under construction at the time of her death, including the Daxing International Airport in Beijing, and the Al Wakrah Stadium in Qatar, a venue for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.<mask> was the first woman to receive the Pritzker Architecture Prize, in 2004. She received the UK's most prestigious architectural award, the Stirling Prize, in 2010 and 2011. In 2012, she was made a Dame by Elizabeth II for services to architecture, and in February, 2016, the month preceding her death, she became the first woman to be individually awarded the Royal Gold Medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects

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 (Ray Eames and Sheila O'Donnell had previously been awarded it jointly with Charles Eames and John Tuomey respectively). Early life, academic career and family
<mask> <mask> was born on 31 October 1950 in Baghdad, Iraq, to an upper class Iraqi family. Her father, Muhammad al-Hajj Husayn <mask>, was a wealthy industrialist from Mosul. He co-founded the left-liberal al-Ahali group in 1932, a significant political organisation in the 1930s and 1940s. He was the co-founder of the National Democratic Party in Iraq and served as minister of finance after the overthrow of the monarch after the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état for the government of General Abd al-Karim Qasim.Her mother, Wajiha al-Sabunji, was an artist from Mosul while her brother Foulath <mask> was a writer, accountant and expert on Arab affairs. <mask> once mentioned in an interview how her early childhood trips to the ancient Sumerian cities in southern Iraq sparked her interest in architecture. In the 1960s <mask> attended boarding schools in England and Switzerland. <mask> studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut before moving, in 1972, to London to study at the Architectural Association School of Architecture. There she studied with Rem Koolhaas, Elia Zenghelis and Bernard Tschumi. Her former professor, Koolhaas, described her at graduation as "a planet in her own orbit." Zenghelis described her as the most outstanding pupil he ever taught.'We called her the inventor of the 89 degrees. Nothing was ever at 90 degrees. She had spectacular vision. All the buildings were exploding into tiny little pieces." He recalled that she was less interested in details, such as staircases. "The way she drew a staircase you

masks: Zaha Hadid Hadid Hadid Hadid Hadid Hadid


title: Zaha Hadid

texts: would smash your head against the ceiling, and the space was reducing and reducing, and you would end up in the upper corner of the ceiling. She couldn't care about tiny details.Her mind was on the broader pictures—when it came to the joinery she knew we could fix that later. She was right.' Her AA graduation thesis, Malevich's Tektonik, was a concept and design for a 14-level hotel on London's Hungerford Bridge executed as an acrylic painting, inspired by the works of the Russian suprematist artist Kazimir Malevich. After graduation in 1977, she went to work for her former professors, Koolhaas and Zenghelis, at the Office for Metropolitan Architecture, in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Through her association with Koolhaas, she met the architectural engineer Peter Rice, who gave her support and encouragement during the early stages of her career. <mask> became a naturalised citizen of the United Kingdom. She opened her own architectural firm, Zaha Hadid Architects, in London in 1980.During the early 1980s <mask>'s style introduced audiences to a new modern architecture style through her extremely detailed and professional sketches. At the time people were focused on postmodernism designs, so her designs were a different approach to architecture that set her apart from other designers. She then began her career teaching architecture, first at the Architectural Association, then, over the years at Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge University, the University of Chicago, the Hochschule für bildende Künste in Hamburg, the University of Illinois at Chicago, and Columbia University. She earned her early reputation with her lecturing and colourful and radical early designs and

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title: Zaha Hadid

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 together in the centre. The design plans appeared in architecture magazines before construction.When completed, it only served as a fire station for a short period of time, as Weil am Rhein soon opened their own fire station. It became an exhibit space instead, and is now on display with the works of Gehry and other well-known architects. It was the launching pad of her architectural career. Spittelau Viaducts Housing Project (1994–2005)
In 1994, <mask> was commissioned by the city of Vienna to design and construct a three-part scheme for the urban redevelopment of an area adjacent to the Danube Canal. Situated along the Spittelauer Lände, the series of buildings interact with and cross over the railway viaduct by Viennese Modernist architect Otto Wagner, a protected structure. In its initial design consisting of five buildings, the mixed-use scheme, described as a "sculpture-like overbuilding" of the historic Stadtbahn railway, was designed by <mask>'s practice ZHA. <mask>, together with British architectural artist Brian Clarke, developed an unexecuted collaborative proposal for the project that incorporated integral artworks by Clarke as part of the Neo-Futurist structures, with interrelated glass mosaic and traditionally-leaded stained glass forming part of the cladding and fenestration of the complex.Clarke developed a new type of mouth-blown glass for the scheme, which he christened 'Zaha-Glas'. Later reduced to three buildings, the project, which experienced delays in construction, was completed in 2006, without the artwork. Bergisel Ski Jump (1999–2002)
<mask> designed a public housing estate in Berlin (1986–1993) and organised an exhibition, "The Great Utopia" (1992), at

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 the Guggenheim Museum in New York. Her next major project was a ski jump at Bergisel, in Innsbruck Austria. The old ski jump, built in 1926, had been used in the 1964 and 1976 Winter Olympics. The new structure was to contain not only a ski jump, but also a cafe with 150 seats offering a 360-degree view of the mountains. Hadid had to fight against traditionalists and against time; the project had to be completed in one year, before the next international competition.Her design is 48 metres high and rests on a base seven metres by seven metres. She described it as "an organic hybrid", a cross between a bridge and a tower, which by its form gives a sense of movement and speed. Contemporary Arts Center, Cincinnati (1997–2000)
At the end of the 1990s, her career began to gather momentum, as she won commissions for two museums and a large industrial building. She competed against Rem Koolhaas and other well-known architects for the design of the Contemporary Arts Center in Cincinnati, Ohio (1997–2000). She won, and became the first woman to design an art museum in the United States. At 8,500 square metres, the museum was not huge, and her design did not have the flamboyance of the Guggenheim Bilbao of Frank Gehry, built at the same time. But the project demonstrated <mask>'s ability to use architectural forms to create interior drama, including its central element, a 30-metre long black stairway that passes between massive curving and angular concrete walls.Phaeno Science Center (2000–2005)
In 2000 she won an international competition for the Phaeno Science Center, in Wolfsburg, Germany (2002–2005). The new museum was only a little larger than the Cincinnati Museum, with 9,000 square


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 attached to four tunnel-like exhibition spaces she termed "pods", which spread onto the island, for a total length of 275 metres.The pods are covered with a skin of 26,000 triangular shingles, many of which open to let in air and light. Like her other structures, the bridge-pavilion is composed entirely of diagonal slopes and curves, with no right-angles of orthogonal forms. By its curving shape and low profile, the bridge-pavilion fits smoothly into the grassy landscape along the river. Sheikh Zayed Bridge (1997–2010)
Between 1997 and 2010, she constructed a much more ambitious bridge, the Sheikh Zayed Bridge, which honors Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, between the island of Abu Dhabi and the mainland of Abu Dhabi, as well as to the Abu Dhabi International Airport. Both the design of the bridge and the lighting, consisting of gradually changing colours, were designed to give the impression of movement. The silhouette of the bridge is a wave, with a principal arch 235 metres long, standing 60 metres above the water. The total span of four lanes is  long, and also includes pedestrian walkways.National Museum of Arts of the 21st Century (MAXXI), Rome, Italy (1998–2010)
The National Museum of Arts of the 21st Century (MAXXI for short), in Rome, was designed and built between 1998 and 2010. The main theme of its architecture is the sense of movement;  Everything in the structure seems to be moving and flowing. <mask> took inspiration from the surrounding orthogonal site grids to determine the overall form. The facade belongs to her earlier period, with smooth curving white walls and an austere black and white colour scheme. The building is perched on groups of five very thin


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 pylons, and one gallery with a glass face precariously overhangs the plaza in front of the museum, creating shade. Rowan Moore of The Guardian of London described its form as "bending oblong tubes, overlapping, intersecting and piling over each other. The imagery is of flow and movement and it resembles a demented piece of transport architecture.Inside, black steel stairs and bridges, their undersides glowing with white light, fly across a void. They take you off to the galleries, which are themselves works of frozen motion. The design is intended to generate what <mask> called  "confluence, interference and turbulence",

Guangzhou Opera House (2003–2010)
In 2002 <mask> won an international competition for her first project in China. The Guangzhou Opera House is located in a new business district of the city, with a new 103-storey glass tower behind it. It covers 70,000 square metres and was built at cost of US$300 million. The complex comprises an 1,800-seat theatre, a multipurpose theatre, entry hall, and salon. A covered pathway with restaurants and shops separates the two main structures.This building, like several of her later buildings, was inspired by natural earth forms; the architect herself referred to it as the "two pebbles". It appears akin to two giant smooth-edged boulders faced with 75,000 panels of polished granite and glass. Edwin Heathcote, writing for the Financial Times, noted <mask>'s concentration on how her design could transform the urban landscape of Guangzhou, as the building rose as the centre of the new business area. He wrote in 2011 that Hadid "produced a building that seems to suck the surrounding landscape into a vortex of movement and swirling

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 space... appears both as alien object in a landscape of incomprehensible vastness (and often overwhelming banality), and as an extrusion of the peculiar nature of this landscape." Nicolai Ourousoff, architecture critic of the New York Times, wrote that "stepping into the main hall is like entering the soft insides of an oyster...The concave ceiling is pierced by thousands of little lights—it looks like you're sitting under the dome of a clear night sky." Ourousoff noted that the finished building had construction problems: many of the granite tiles on the exterior had to be replaced, and the plaster and other interior work was poorly done by the inexperienced workers, but he praised <mask>'s ability "to convey a sense of bodies in motion" and called the building "a Chinese gem that elevates its setting." Major projects  (2011–2012)

Riverside Museum, Glasgow, Scotland  (2004–2011)

The Riverside Museum (2004–2011), on the banks of the River Clyde Glasgow, Scotland, houses the Glasgow Museum of Transport.<mask> described the 10,000-square metre building, with 7,000 square metres of gallery space, as "a wave", "folds in movement", and "a shed in the form of a tunnel, open at the extreme ends, one end toward the city and the other toward the Clyde." Like many of her buildings, the whole form is only perceived when viewed from above. The facades are covered with zinc plates, and the roofline has a series of peaks and angles. The interior galleries caused some controversy; visitors who came to see the collection of historic automobiles found that they are mounted on the walls, high overhead, so it is impossible to look into them. Rowan Moore of  The Guardian of London wrote: "Obviously


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 the space is about movement...Outside it is, typologically, a supermarket, being a big thing in a parking lot that is seeking to attract you in...It has enigma and majesty, but not friendliness." London Olympics Aquatics Centre (2005–2011)
<mask> described her Aquatics Centre for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London as "inspired by the fluid geometry of water in movement". The building covers three swimming pools, and seats 17,500 spectators at the two main pools.The roof, made of steel and aluminium and covered with wood on the inside, rests on just three supports;  it is in the form of a parabolic arch that dips in the centre, with the two pools at either end. The seats are placed in bays beside the curving and outward-leaning walls of glass. At £269 million, the complex cost three times the original estimate, owing principally to the complexity of the roof. This was the subject of much comment when it was constructed, and it was the first 2012 Olympic building begun but the last to be finished. It was praised by architecture critics. Rowan Moore of The Guardian said that the roof "floats and undulates" and called the centre "the Olympics' most majestic space". Broad Art Museum, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, US (2007–2012)
The Broad Art Museum at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan, Hadid's second project in the United States, has a space of 4,274 square metres, dedicated to contemporary art and modern art and an historical collection.The parallelogram-shaped building leans sharply and seems about to tip over. <mask> wrote that she designed the building so that its sloping pleated stainless steel facades would reflect the surrounding


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 neighbourhood from different angles;  the building continually changes colour depending upon the weather, the time of day and the angle of the sun. As <mask> commented, the building "awakens curiosity without ever truly revealing its contents". Elaine Glusac of The New York Times wrote that the architecture of the new museum "radicalizes the streetscape". The Museum was used in a scene of the 2016 Batman vs. Superman movie. Galaxy SOHO, Beijing, China (2008–2012)
Many of <mask>'s later major works are found in Asia. The Galaxy SOHO in Beijing, China (2008–2012) is a combination of offices and a commercial centre in the heart of Beijing with a total of 332,857 square metres, composed of four different ovoid glass-capped buildings joined together by multiple curving passageways on different levels.<mask> explained, "the interior spaces follow the same coherent formal logic of continual curvilinearity." The complex, like most of her buildings, gives the impression that every part of them is in motion. Last completed major projects  (2013–2016)

Heydar Aliyev Center, Baku Azerbaijan (2007–2013)
The Heydar Aliyev Center in Baku, Azerbaijan (2007–2013) is a gigantic cultural and conference centre containing three auditoriums, a library and museum, with a total space of 10,801 square metres on a surface of 15,514 square metres, and a height of 74 metres. <mask> wrote that "its fluid form emerges from the folds of the natural topography of the landscape and envelops the different functions of the centre",  though the building when completed was largely surrounded by Soviet-era apartment blocks. Peter Cook in Architectural Review called it "a white vision, outrageously total, arrogantly


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 complete ... a unique object that confounds and contradicts the reasonable ... a wave form sweeping up, almost lunging, into the sky ... here is architecture as the ultimate statement of theatre ... It is the most complete realisation yet of the Iraqi-born architect's vision of sweeping curves and flowing space." Consisting of eight storeys, the centre includes an auditorium with 1000 seats, exhibition space, conference hall, workshop and a museum.No straight line was used in the project of the complex. The shape of the building is wave-like and the overall view is unique and harmonic. Such an architectural structure stands for post-modernist architecture and forms oceanic feeling. The lines of the building symbolise the merging of past and future. While the building itself was widely praised, <mask> was criticized in many circles when she was awarded Britain's most prestigious prize in architecture, the Design Museum "Design of the Year," the first woman to do so. The building was named for the former ruler of Azerbaijan,
Heydar Aliyev, and commissioned by his son, Illham, who became president after his father's death in 2003. Hugh Williamson, director of Human Rights Watch for Europe and the Central Asian division, called Aliyev "an authoritarian leader and so is his son."The former Soviet secret police general ruled for 30 years, first as its Communist leader and then as its president. Amnesty International accused him of human rights abuses, balloting irregularities and intimidating the opposition while in power. Several architecture critics who admired the work itself felt that <mask> should have raised questions about this repressive leader even as she accepted the

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 commission, and other critics questioned the UK granting its most prestigious architecture award to a building which memorialized a vicious Soviet dictator. Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Seoul, Korea (2007–2013)
The Dongdaemun Design Plaza (2007–2013) is among the largest buildings in Seoul, South Korea. Its name means "Great Gate of the East", in reference to the old walls of the city. The complex of 86,574 square metres contains exhibition space, a museum of design, conference rooms and other common facilities, as well as the bureaux and a marketplace for designers which is open 24 hours a day. The main building is 280 metres long with seven levels, including three levels underground.The smooth-skinned, giant mushroom-like structure floating atop sloping pylons is made of concrete, aluminium, steel and stone on the exterior, and finished inside with plaster reinforced with synthetic fibre, acoustic tiles, acrylic resin, and stainless steel and polished stone on the interior. <mask> wrote that the principal characteristics of her design were "transparency, porousness, and durability." It also features many ecological features, including a double skin, solar panels, and a system for recycling water. Library and Learning Center, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Vienna, Austria (2008–2013)
The Library and Learning Center was designed as the centrepiece of the new University of Economics in Vienna. Containing 28,000 square metres of space, its distinctive Hadid features include walls sloping at 35 degrees and massive black volume cantilevered at an angle over the plaza in front of the building. She described the interior as follows: "The straight lines of the building's


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 exterior separate as they move inward, becoming curvilinear and fluid to generate a free-formed interior canyon that serves as the principal public plaza of the Center, as well as generating corridors and bridges ensuring smooth transitions between different levels." Serpentine Sackler North Gallery, Kensington Gardens, London UK (2009–2013)
The Serpentine Sackler Gallery is a synthesis of two distinct parts – the 19th century classical brick structure named The Magazine (a former gunpowder store), and a 21st century tensile structure.This is the second art space (after the MAXII Museum in Rome) where Zaha Hadid Architects worked on the melding of both old and new elements. Zaha Hadid's Magazine extension on the original Grade II building was aided by the reinstatement of the building to an historic arrangement as a free-standing pavilion within an enclosure, with the former courtyards covered. The North Gallery extension features <mask>'s distinct hallmark of curves, and houses a series of skylights which welcome natural light into the space as well as retractable blinds when less light is needed. <mask> also worked in collaboration with architect and heritage specialist Liam O'Connor, whose reconstructions and conversions of the original space were designed in consultation with English Heritage and Westminster City Council. The extension houses internal exhibition spaces as well as the museum shop and offices for the curatorial team. Innovation Tower, Hong Kong Polytechnic University (2007–2014)
The Innovation Tower in Hong Kong (2007–2014) is part of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The building of 15 floors has 15,000 square metres of space, with laboratories, classrooms,


title: Zaha Hadid

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 studios and other facilities for 1,800 students and their faculty.It was built on the site of the university's former football pitch. The extremely complex forms of the building required computer modelling. Early designs experimented with a facade made of reinforced plastic, textiles or aluminium, but <mask> finally settled upon metal panels with multiple layers. The building seems to lean towards the city. The floors inside are visible from the exterior like geological strata. Wangjing SOHO Tower, Beijing (2009–2014)
Wangjing SOHO tower in Beijing is the second building <mask> designed for the major Chinese property developer, located half-way between the centre of Beijing and the airport. The towers slope and curve; <mask> compared them to Chinese fans, "whose volumes turn one around the other in a complex ballet."The tallest building is 200 metres high, with two levels of shops and 37 levels of offices. A single atrium level three storeys high joins the three buildings at the base. Nanjing International Youth Cultural Centre (2012–2015)
The Nanjing International Youth Cultural Centre are two skyscrapers in Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. Tower 1 is 314.5 metres (1,032 ft) tall and Tower 2 is 255 metres (837 ft). Construction began in 2012 and ended in 2015. Issam Fares Institute, AUB, Beirut (2014)
The Issam Fares Institute is located in the campus of the American University of Beirut (AUB). It won the Agha Khan Award in 2016, the same year <mask> passed away.It has a 21 meters cantilever in order to preserve the existing landscape. The institute aims to harness, develop and initiate research of the Arab world to enhance and broaden debate on public policy and international


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texts:
 relations. Port Authority, Antwerp, Belgium (2016)
Of all her works, <mask> designed only one government building, the Port Authority Building, or Havenhuis, in Antwerp, Belgium, completed in 2016. Most new government buildings attempt to express solidity and seriousness, but Port Authority, a ship-like structure of glass and steel on a white concrete perch, seems to have landed atop the old port building constructed in 1922. The faceted glass structure also resembles a diamond, a symbol of Antwerp's role as the major market of diamonds in Europe. It was one of the last works of <mask>, who died in 2016, the year it opened. The square in front of the building was renamed to Zaha Hadidplein (Zaha Hadidsquare) to honor her death.Death

On 31 March 2016, <mask> died of a heart attack at Mount Sinai Medical Center in Miami, where she was being treated for bronchitis. She was 65 years old. The statement issued by her London-based design studio announcing her death read: "<mask> <mask> was widely regarded to be the greatest female architect in the world today". She is buried between her father <mask> and brother Foulath <mask> in Brookwood Cemetery in Brookwood, Surrey, England. In her will she left £67m, and bequeathed various amounts to her business partner and family members. Her international design businesses, which accounted for the bulk of her wealth, were left in trust. Posthumous major projects (2016–present)

Salerno Maritime Terminal in Salerno, Italy (2000–2016)
The first major project to be completed shortly after her death was the Salerno Maritime Terminal in Salerno, Italy, her first major transportation building.She won the competition for the building in 2000, but then

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 the project was delayed due to funding and technical issues. <mask> scouted the site from a police boat in the harbour to visualise how it would appear from the water. The final building covers 50,000 square feet and cost 15 million Euros. Paola Cattarin, the project architect who completed the building after <mask>'s death, said, "We thought of the building as an oyster, with a hard shell top and bottom, and a softer, liquid, more organic interior." At the opening of the new building, posters of Hadid were placed around the city, saying, "Goodbye <mask> <mask>; Genius and Modernity, Inspiration and Transformation, Light That Takes Shape." Scorpion Tower of Miami
The Scorpion Tower of Miami, now known as One Thousand Museum, was started while <mask> was still alive though currently undergoing completion posthumously. It is noted by its curved external columns standing the full length of the building.Its twin Scorpion Tower has also been built in Dubai. Skyscraper re-purposing of 666 Fifth Avenue (2015–incomplete)
On 25 March 2017, Kam Dhillon reported a yet-to-be completed skyscraper design designed by <mask> prior to her death in 2016 in an article titled "Zaha Hadid Architects Unveils Monumental Skyscraper Project for NYC". Grand Théatre de Rabat (2014–incomplete)

A futuristic building, faithful to the imprint of the architect, which should host the biggest cultural events of the Moroccan capital. The works, launched in October 2014, are still in progress. This project consists of a large multipurpose room, which has 1822 seats and can accommodate different types of shows. For each artistic presentation with specific acoustics needs, the theater will be equipped with adjustable

masks: Hadid Hadid Zaha Hadid Hadid Hadid


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 systems. The theater also has a small modular room with 127 seats, a restaurant with panoramic views, shops, cafes and a bookstore.Beijing Daxing International Airport, China
The Beijing Daxing International Airport opened in September 2019. Sky Park Residence, Bratislava, Slovakia
The complex of three 31-storey residential towers neighbouring Bratislava city centre is still under construction. Part of the construction area includes a preserved historical waterworks building designed by one of the most influential Slovak architects of early 20th century – Dušan Jurkovič. Teaching
In the 1990s, she held the Sullivan Chair professorship at the University of Illinois at Chicago's School of Architecture. At various times, she served as guest professor at the Hochschule für bildende Künste Hamburg (HFBK Hamburg), the Knowlton School of Architecture at Ohio State University, the Masters Studio at Columbia University, and was the Eero Saarinen Visiting Professor of Architectural Design at the Yale School of Architecture. From 2000, <mask> was a guest professor at the Institute of Architecture at the University of Applied Arts Vienna, in the Zaha Hadid Master Class Vertical-Studio. Interior architecture and product design

<mask> also undertook some high-profile interior work, including the Mind Zone at the Millennium Dome in London as well as creating fluid furniture installations within the Georgian surroundings of Home House private members club in Marylebone, and the Z.CAR hydrogen-powered, three-wheeled automobile.In 2009 she worked with the clothing brand Lacoste to create a new, high fashion, and advanced boot. In the same year, she also collaborated with the brassware manufacturer


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 Triflow Concepts to produce two new designs in her signature parametric architectural style. In 2007, <mask> designed Dune Formations for David Gill Gallery and the Moon System Sofa for leading Italian furniture manufacturer B&B Italia. In 2013, <mask> designed Liquid Glacial for David Gill Gallery which comprises a series of tables resembling ice-formations made from clear and coloured acrylic. Their design embeds surface complexity and refraction within a powerful fluid dynamic. The collection was further extended in 2015–2016. In 2016 the gallery launched Zaha's final collection of furniture entitled UltraStellar

Architectural firm
Hadid established an architectural firm named Zaha Hadid Architects in New York.One of the notable buildings designed by this agency is the boutique pavilion of Il Makiage. Reputation
Following her death in March 2016, Michael Kimmelman of The New York Times wrote: "her soaring structures left a mark on skylines and imaginations and in the process re-shaped architecture for the modern age...Her buildings elevated uncertainty to an art, conveyed in the odd way of one entered and moved through these buildings and in the questions that her structures raised about how they were supported ... <mask> embodied, in its profligacy and promise, the era of so-called starchitects who roamed the planet in pursuit of their own creative genius, offering miracles, occasionally delivering." She is quoted as saying "I don't make nice little buildings". Deyan Sudjic of The Guardian described <mask> as "an architect who first imagined, then proved, that space could work in radical new ways ... Throughout her career, she was a dedicated teacher, enthused by the energy of


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 the young. She was not keen to be characterised as a woman architect, or an Arab architect. She was simply an architect."In an interview published in Icon magazine, she said: "I never use the issue about being a woman architect ... but if it helps younger people to know they can break through the glass ceiling, I don't mind that." However, she admitted that she never really felt a part of the male-dominant architecture "establishment". She once said "As a woman in architect you're always an outsider. It's OK, I like being on the edge.' Sometimes called the "Queen of the curve", <mask> was frequently described in the press as the world's top female architect. although her work also attracted criticism. The Metropolitan Museum in New York cited her "unconventional buildings that seem to defy the logic of construction".Her architectural language was described as "famously extravagant" and she was accused of building "dictator states". Architect Sean Griffiths characterised <mask>'s work as "an empty vessel that sucks in whatever ideology might be in proximity to it". Qatar controversy
As the architect of a stadium to be used for the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, <mask> was accused in The New York Review of Books of giving an interview in which she allegedly showed no concern for the deaths of migrant workers in Qatar involved in the project. In August 2014, <mask> sued The New York Review of Books for defamation and won. Immediately thereafter, the reviewer and author of the piece in which she was accused of showing no concern issued a retraction in which he said "work did not begin on the site for the Al Wakrah stadium, until two months after Ms <mask> made those comments; and

masks: Hadid Hadid Hadid Hadid Hadid


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 construction is not scheduled to begin until 2015 ... There have been no worker deaths on the Al Wakrah project and Ms <mask>'s comments about Qatar that I quoted in the review had nothing to do with the Al Wakrah site or any of her projects. I regret the error."Style
The architectural style of <mask> is not easily categorised, and she did not describe herself as a follower of any one style or school. Nonetheless, before she had built a single major building, she was categorised by the Metropolitan Museum of Art as a major figure in architectural Deconstructivism. Her work was also described as an example of neo-futurism and parametricism. An article profiling <mask> in the New Yorker magazine was titled "The Abstractionist". At the time when technology was integrating into design, Zaha accepted the use of technology but still continued to hand draw her buildings and make models of the designs. This was because she did not want to limit herself and her designs to only to what the computer could do. Through her design style, she paints the conceptual designs of her many projects in fluid and geometrical forms where "<mask> <mask>'s work took shape."These would be large paintings that would aspire towards her design process and "rational nature of her construction, the drawings pulled the parts and pieces apart, exploding its site and programme." When she was awarded the Pritzker Prize in 2004, the jury chairman, Lord Rothschild, commented:  "At the same time as her theoretical and academic work, as a practising architect, <mask> <mask> has been unswerving in her commitment to modernism. Always inventive, she's moved away from existing typology, from high tech, and has shifted the

masks: Hadid Hadid Hadid Zaha Hadid Zaha Hadid


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 geometry of buildings." The Design Museum described her work in 2016 as having "the highly expressive, sweeping fluid forms of multiple perspective points and fragmented geometry that evoke the chaos and flux of modern life". <mask> herself, who often used dense architectural jargon, could also describe the essence of her style very simply: "The idea is not to have any 90-degree angles. In the beginning, there was the diagonal. The diagonal comes from the idea of the explosion which "re-forms" the space.This was an important discovery." Awards and honours
<mask> was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2002 Birthday Honours and Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to architecture. <mask> was named an honorary member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and an honorary fellow of the American Institute of Architects. She was on the board of trustees of The Architecture Foundation. In 2002, <mask> won the international design competition to design Singapore's one-north master plan. In 2004, <mask> became the first female recipient of the Pritzker Architecture Prize. In 2005, her design won the competition for the new city casino of Basel, Switzerland and she was elected as a Royal Academician.In 2006, she was honoured with a retrospective spanning her entire work at the Guggenheim Museum in New York; that year she also received an Honorary Degree from the American University of Beirut. In 2008, she was ranked 69th on the Forbes list of "The World's 100 Most Powerful Women". In 2010, she was named by Time as an influential thinker in the 2010 TIME 100 issue. In September 2010 the New


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 Statesman listed <mask> <mask> at number 42 in its annual survey of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures of 2010". In 2013, she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the UK by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. In 2014, 2015 and 2016, <mask> appeared on Debrett's list of the most influential people in the UK. In January 2015, she was nominated for the Services to Science and Engineering award at the British Muslim Awards.She won the Stirling Prize, the UK's most prestigious award for architecture, two years running: in 2010, for one of her most celebrated works, the MAXXI in Rome, and in 2011 for the Evelyn Grace Academy, a Z‑shaped school in Brixton, London. She also designed the Dongdaemun Design Plaza & Park in Seoul, South Korea, which was the centrepiece of the festivities for the city's designation as World Design Capital 2010. In 2014, the Heydar Aliyev Cultural Centre, designed by her, won the Design Museum Design of the Year Award, making her the first woman to win the top prize in that competition. In 2015, she became the first woman to receive the Royal Gold Medal awarded by the Royal Institute of British Architects. In 2016 in Antwerp, Belgium a square was named after her, Zaha <mask>plein, in front of the extension of the Antwerp Harbour House designed by <mask> <mask>. Google celebrated her achievements with a Doodle on 31 May 2017, to commemorate the date (in 2004) on which <mask> became the first woman to win the prestigious Pritzker Architecture Prize. 1982: Gold Medal Architectural Design, British Architecture for 59 Eaton Place, London
1994: Erich Schelling Architecture Award
2001: Equerre d'argent Prize, special mention
2002: Austrian State Prize

masks: Zaha Hadid Hadid Hadid Zaha Hadid Hadid


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 2010, commissioned by the Iraqi government to design the new building for the Central Bank of Iraq. An agreement to complete the design stages of the new CBI building was finalised on 2 February 2012, at a ceremony in London. This was her first project in her native Iraq.In 2012, <mask> won an international competition to design a new National Olympic Stadium as part of the successful bid by Tokyo to host the 2020 Summer Olympics. As the estimated cost of the construction mounted, however, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe announced in July 2015 that <mask>'s design would be scrapped in favour of a new bidding process to seek a less expensive alternative. <mask> had planned to enter the new competition, but her firm was unable to meet the new requirement of finding a construction company with which to partner. 600 Collins Street, Melbourne, Australia
Mercury House Tower, St Julians, Malta
Nuragic and Contemporary art museum (on hold), Cagliari, Italy
Eleftheria square (Freedom Square) in Nicosia, Cyprus
Esfera City Center in Monterrey, Mexico
New Century City Art Center, Chengdu, China
Dominion Tower in Moscow, Russia
Danjiang Bridge in New Taipei, Taiwan
Iraqi Parliament Building in Baghdad
2014 Qatar 2022 FIFA World Cup stadium design
2016 Winton (Mathematics) Gallery at the Science Museum, London
2017 666 Fifth Avenue, New York, USA
California Residence, California, USA
Middle East Centre. <mask> <mask> designed the stage set for the Pet Shop Boys' world tour. A Day with <mask> <mask> (2004). A 52-minute documentary where <mask> <mask> discusses her current work while taking the camera through her retrospective exhibition "<mask> <mask> has Arrived".Directed by Michael

masks: Hadid Hadid Hadid Zaha Hadid Zaha Hadid Zaha Hadid Zaha Hadid


title: Zaha Hadid

texts:
 Blackwood. In October 2008, she guest-edited Wallpaper magazine. On 2 January 2009, she was the guest editor of the BBC's flagship morning radio news programme, Today. See also

Iraqi art
List of Iraqi artists
List of Iraqi women artists

Bibliography

Fontana-Giusti, Gordana and Schumacher, Patrik. (2004). Complete Works of <mask> <mask>, 4 volumes, Thames and Hudson, Rizzoli, published in English, translated into German and Spanish. References

External links

1950 births
2016 deaths
American University of Beirut alumni
Alumni of the Architectural Association School of Architecture
British interior designers
British jewellery designers
British Muslims
British women architects
Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Honorary Fellows of the American Institute of Architects
Harvard University faculty
Columbia University faculty
Iraqi architects
Iraqi designers
Iraqi emigrants to the United Kingdom
Iraqi Muslims
Iraqi women architects
Naturalised citizens of the United Kingdom
Neo-futurism architecture
People educated at Berkhamsted School
People from Baghdad
Pritzker Architecture Prize winners
Recipients of the Praemium Imperiale
Recipients of the Austrian State Prize
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Royal Academicians
Stirling Prize laureates
University of Illinois at Chicago faculty
British

masks: Zaha Hadid


title: Rafael Ferrer (artist)

texts:
'<mask>' is a Puerto Rican artist. Since 1940: Strategies of Being Author: Fineberg, Jonathan.Prentice Hall</ref>  He was a 1993 recipient of a Pew Fellowship in the Arts and a 2011 recipient of an Annalee and Barnett Newman Foundation Grant. Extensive documentation can be found on his website rafaelferrerstudio.com

Life
From an early age <mask> traveled between Puerto Rico and the United States, studying in his teens at Staunton Military Academy and then went on to Syracuse University from 1951 to 1953. Since his years at Staunton, he learned to play drums, which began his involvement with Afro-Cuban music. At Syracuse, fellow students introduced him to the world of art through books, causing a failed attempt to register in the Art Department. During his vacations he would travel to New York City, where he would stay with his half-brother, the Academy Award winner actor, <mask>, whom he would accompany to Jazz clubs, meeting many of the musicians who were friends of his brother. He also began to regularly visit the Museum of Modern Art, as well as visiting art galleries.In the fall of 1953 he returned to Puerto Rico and enrolled at the University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, where he spent one year studying with Eugenio Granell, a surrealist painter and writer who was an exile of the Spanish Civil War,. Through this teacher, while on a trip to Europe, he met many of the surrealist group then living in Paris, including its "High Priest"  André Breton. His most important early connection was a friendship with the Cuban artist Wifredo Lam, who gave and dedicated one of his drawings to the young <mask>. In 1955 he moved to New York to work as a musician. He was a professional

masks:
Rafael Ferrer
Ferrer
José Ferrer
Ferrer


title: Rafael Ferrer (artist)

texts: percussionist until 1960, after which he used it as a means of support while he focused more on his work as an artist in his studio. Since the mid-1960s he has had exhibitions and given lectures and seminars across the US, Europe, and the Caribbean. Ferrer's success began in the late 1960s with installations engaging conceptual and process art.These first involved actions, such as his "3 Leaf Pieces" at the Castelli Warehouse and then developed into installations that became progressively more narrative in tone, which included complicated artifacts assembled and fabricated by the artist which inferred voyages. Many of these artifacts became part of recurring themes or series, including this paper bag faces, kayaks and maps, themes that he returns to up to the present. These installations were done at prominent museums including the Museum of Modern Art, New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art, New York, the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, D.C., the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam and the Museums Of Contemporary Art in both Philadelphia and Chicago. In the 1980s he became known for his expressionistic paintings of his native Caribbean, works that dealt with the tropic's under belly, breaking the stereotype of the tourist cliche. These works deal with the marvelous, the rough, the frightful and the beautiful as seen through the eyes of one born of these regions. Painting enabled <mask> to go back to the privacy of working alone in his studio. Aside from his continuing interest in sculptures made in the studio, <mask> has been commissioned to create permanent sculptures, such as "Puerto Rican Sun"  featured on Art in America, March 1980 issue.Fabricated by Lippincott out of

masks: Ferrer Ferrer


title: Rafael Ferrer (artist)

texts: steel, it was erected in the South Bronx in 1979. The sculpture depicts the two sides of the Caribbean, light and dark, sun and moon. In 1981 he was commissioned by the Fairmount Park Art Association to make a sculpture for the city of Philadelphia. With the fabricator Bob Giza he created an aluminum crown which sat on an existing building featuring cutouts of acrobats and performers and words which spelled out its title or marquee: "El Gran Teatro de la Luna", (dismantled, restored and reinstalled on a new open arbor-like base by the city in 2012). In 2002 <mask> was commissioned by the Government of Puerto Rico to create a permanent sculpture for the waterfront of La Parguera, a village on the southern coast where boats depart for the Phosphorescent Bay. Installed in 2004 and titled "El Museo Rodante" (the rolling museum). It comprises 5 bronze sculptures, cast from wooden templates which contain imagery from artist's throughout history that <mask> has admired.The five sculptures have since been moved, reinstalled in Old San Juan. The mediums <mask> has worked in include sculpture, painting, drawing, printmaking, and installation art. <mask> taught at several universities: University of Pennsylvania, the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture in Maine, New York's School of Visual Arts, New York, The San Francisco Art Institute, and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Living and working on the North Fork of Long Island since 1999, <mask> has returned to his earlier influences, the visual world used only to spark the imagination. Along with paintings and a multitude of works on paper, including his ongoing series of paper bag faces, he has developed a new format

masks: Ferrer Ferrer Ferrer Ferrer Ferrer


title: Rafael Ferrer (artist)

texts:
 which enables him to combine his fascination for both images and words: large blackboard installations. He had a major exhibition at El Museo Del Barrio in 2010 titled Retro/Active from June 8 - August 21 and a Survey of Works on Paper at the Lancaster Museum of Art from September 7 - November 11, 2012, both with  comprehensive catalogues. He was included in the Guggenheim Museum's Latin American exhibition "Under the Same Sun" in 2014, for which the museum purchased the 1973 piece ARTFORHUM.He is represented the Fredric Snitzer Gallery, Miami, FL. A monograph on his work was released in November, 2012 by UCLA Chicano Studies Research Center, A Ver Series, distributed by the University of Minnesota Press. Personal Life Twice divorced, <mask> met Francoise Crandall in 1971, whom he married in 1982 to the present. She has worked with him as an assistant and managed most domestic and financial details, leaving Ferrer to focus on this work. They have no children. He has 1 child from each of his first 2 marriages, but has been estranged from both for much of the past 40 years. References

External links
 http://www.adambaumgoldgallery.com/
 https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/11/arts/design/11ferrer.html?_r=1
 http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/finch/rafael-ferrer6-25-10.asp
 http://dawire.com/2010/06/23/retroactive-the-work-of-rafael-ferrer/
 Kemper Art Museum
 Tandem Press article
"RAFAEL FERRER", The Left Matrix "<mask>rrer", Artnet''
 https://web.archive.org/web/20100714111103/http://ondemand.psu.edu/viewer.php?id=09052007094501

Puerto Rican sculptors
Living people
Pew Fellows in the Arts
Staunton Military Academy alumni
Syracuse University alumni
Year of birth missing

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Ferrer
Rafael Fe


title: Edmund Giambastiani

texts:
<mask>. (born May 4, 1948) is a retired United States Navy admiral who served as the seventh vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 2005 to 2007. He retired in 2007, after 37 years of service. Early life and education
<mask> was born on May 4, 1948 in Canastota, New York. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy with leadership distinction in 1970. Naval career

<mask>'s operational assignments included several in which he was responsible for both demanding at-sea operations and the development of new technologies and experimental processes. Early sea assignments included  and the s blue crew. While assigned to USS Puffer, he was a 1973 winner of the Fleet Commander's Junior Officer Submarine Shiphandling Competition.He commanded the NR-1 Deep Submergence Craft, the Navy's only nuclear powered deep diving ocean engineering and research submarine and , where the crew was awarded three consecutive Battle Efficiency "E"s, three Navy Unit Commendations, and two Fleet Commander Silver Anchors for excellence in enlisted retention. Giambastiani also led Submarine Development Squadron Twelve, an operational submarine squadron that also serves as the Navy's Warfare Center of Excellence for submarine doctrine and tactics. Established in 1949, Submarine Development Squadron Twelve is the oldest experimental unit of its kind in the U.S. military. He served as the first director of strategy and concepts at the Naval Doctrine Command, as well as Commander, Atlantic Fleet Submarine Force; Commander, Submarines Allied Command Atlantic; and Commander, Anti-Submarine and Reconnaissance Forces Atlantic in Norfolk, Virginia. Giambastiani's other shore and staff assignments include duties as an enlisted program manager at the Navy Recruiting Command Headquarters, Washington, D.C., in the early days of the all volunteer force; Special Assistant to the Deputy Director for Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency; and, a fellowship with the Chief of Naval

masks:
Edmund Peter Giambastiani Jr
Giambastiani
Giambastiani


title: Wade Clark Mackey

texts:
W. C<mask> is an American author and social scientist who has researched topics in anthropology, criminal justice and criminology, psychology, and sociology in his academic and professional career. He has authored Fathering Behaviors (Plenum, 1985) and The American Father (Plenum, 1996), and co-authored the 2000 book Gender Roles, Traditions and Generations to Come: The Collision of Competing Interests and the Feminist Paradox with Nancy S. Coney for Nova Science Publishing. He has written on the relationship of gender on parental interaction. Early life and family
Born in 1946 in New Jersey, <mask><mask> has developed close attachments to Virginia, Iowa and Texas in his career and private life. He married Bonnie Lee Watson of Norfolk, Virginia in 1969, and they had three children, Shannon, Jennifer and Michael. They divorced in 1995 while residing in Texas. She continues to do cooperative research with him (Mackey and Mackey, 2003; 2009) and is an associate professor of education at the University of Houston–Clear Lake.Education
Dr<mask> earned his B. A.  in Anthropology and Sociology at the University of Virginia in 1967, the M.A. in Psychology from Louisiana State University in 1970, and the  Ph.D. in Anthropology at the University of Virginia in 1976 (Vita – <mask>. Mackey, 2008). Career
One of <mask>'s widely cited criminal justice articles is "Police Violence as a Function of Community Characteristics,"  (with Dr. Richard R. E. Kania) which appeared in Criminology in 1977. He revisited the topic in 2009 with Dr. Vance McLaughlin in an article in Criminal Justice Studies, “Police-Caused

masks:
. Mackey
Wade C
. Mackey
. Mackey
Wade C
Mackey


title: Wade Clark Mackey

texts: Homicides in the U.S. as a Function of Community Characteristics: Revisiting a Set of Relationships from a Previous Generation.”  In both studies he and his colleagues demonstrated strong correlations between police decision-making in deadly-force situations and features of the communities the police served. His article, “Violent Crime and the Loss of Fathers: Beyond the Long Arm,” was included in a collection prepared by anthropologist Myrdene Anderson, The Cultural Shaping of Violence, Purdue University Press, 2004. He has been a frequent contributor to Mankind Quarterly, often co-authoring articles with psychiatrist Dr. Ronald S. Immerman.Together they have explored some of the psychological aspects of human social evolution and cultural development. The common thread to his work has been the proposition that the role of the father in child development is far more important than is usually supposed or credited in contemporary family studies (<mask> and <mask> 2003). Showing empirically that growing up fatherlessness often has negative social consequences for children, he has challenged the social desirability of social policies which sustain and even reward single-parent family arrangements. This has set him at odds with some feminist scholars and his work has been deemed “politically incorrect” in their circles (Kania and <mask> 1983; <mask> and Coney, 2000). He taught for the Department of Criminal Justice at Jacksonville State University of Alabama between 2007 and 2009 before retiring. Since his retirement he has lived in Wilton, Iowa. <mask> also taught for Cy-Fair College in Cypress,

masks: Mackey Mackey Mackey Mackey Mackey


title: Wade Clark Mackey

texts:
 Texas; North Harris College in Houston, Texas; Tomball College in Tomball, Texas; the University of Arkansas at Monticello, Arkansas; Southeastern Community College in West Burlington, Iowa;  El Paso Community College and the Army’s Sergeant-Major’s Academy in El Paso, Texas; Iowa Wesleyan College in Mt.Pleasant, Iowa; Tarkio College in Tarkio, Missouri;  South Dakota State University in Brookings, South Dakota; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond Virginia; School of Continuing Education of the University of Virginia and the Piedmont Community College in Charlottesville, Virginia; the Louisiana State University at Eunice, La. ; and Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana (Vita – <mask>. <mask>, 2008). He has been the recipient of three	Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation research grants, in 1977, 1980 and 1989, and was the 1985 Chadwick Distinguished Teacher of the Year at Iowa 	Wesleyan College. In 1974	 he received a National Science Foundation research grant to study adult-child behavior in public places. He has done extensive field research in Iceland in 1977, Ireland in 1980, Mexico in 1975 and Spain in 1974, and directed field research projects on adult-child interaction in Austria (1986), Kenya (1986), France, (1986), Great Britain (1986), Brazil (1977, 1981), Taiwan (1980), Israel (1980), Japan (1977), Hong Kong (1979), Morocco (1977), India (1978), Peru (1976), Sri Lanka (1982), and Ivory Coast (1977, 1981) (Vita – <mask>. <mask>, 2008). Bibliography

 Kania, Richard R. E., and <mask>, <mask>.  (1977)  "Police Violence as a Function of Community Characteristics,"

masks:
Wade C
Mackey
Wade C
Mackey
Mackey
Wade C


title: Wade Clark Mackey

texts:
 Criminology, Volume 15, #1. Kania, Richard R. E., and <mask> C. <mask>  (1983)  "A Preliminary Analysis of Feminist Views on the Crime of Rape,"  Southern Journal of Criminal Justice, Volume 8, #1.<mask>, Bonnie W., and <mask><mask>  (2009)  “The Presence of the U.S. Father as an Enhancement for His Children's Reading Achievement: Masculine Influence or a Second Parent?”  Reading Improvement, Summer 2009. Accessed on-line at <http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb6516/is_2_46/ai_n32067949/?tag=content;col1>
 <mask>, <mask>.  (2008)  Vita – <mask>. <mask>. Document on file in the Department of Criminal Justice at Jacksonville State University of Alabama. <mask>, <mask>.  (1996)  The American Father, Plenum. <mask>, <mask>.  (1985)  Fathering Behaviors,  Plenum. <mask>, <mask>.  (2004)  “Violent Crime and the Loss of Fathers: Beyond the Long Arm,” in The Cultural Shaping of Violence, Purdue University Press, edited by Myrdene Anderson. <mask>, <mask>., and Nancy S. Coney  (2000)  Gender Roles, Traditions and Generations to Come: The Collision of Competing Interests and the Feminist Paradox, Nova Science Publishing.<mask>, <mask>., and <mask>, Bonnie W.  (2003)  “The Presence of Fathers in Attenuating Young Male Violence: Dad as Social Palliative,” Marriage and Family Review 35: 63-75. References

American sociologists
University of Virginia alumni
Louisiana State University alumni
Iowa Wesleyan University faculty
Jacksonville State University faculty
Virginia Commonwealth University faculty
University of Arkansas faculty
South Dakota State University faculty
1946 births
Living people
People from

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Wade
Mackey
Mackey
Wade C
. Mackey
Mackey
Wade C
Wade C
Mackey
Mackey
Wade C
Mackey
Wade C
Mackey
Wade C
Mackey
Wade C
Mackey
Wade C
Mackey