title: Frederick Hamilton (soldier)

texts:
 he left Ireland for Scotland where he became a colonel of a regiment of horse in the army of the Solemn League and Covenant fighting in Scotland and Northern England, while still retaining his foot regiment in western Ulster where his sons <mask> and James probably represented him. However, his son <mask> was killed and on 5 June 1646 the Covenanter army under Robert Monro lost the Battle of Benburb against the Confederates under Owen Roe O'Neill, after which they retreated to Carrickfergus, abandoning Leitrim and southern Ulster to the Confederates.Death, succession, and timeline
In 1647, Sir <mask>, aged 57, left the then disbanding Scottish army and retired to Edinburgh, where he died later that year in relative poverty. He had received very little compensation for his military efforts from the English parliament. He was succeeded by his son James, who had two daughters with which Manorhamilton passed out of the family. In 1652 Manorhamilton Castle was burned by Ulick Burke, 1st Marquess of Clanricarde, who had taken over as leader of the royalists from Ormond. The castle then fell into ruins. Notes, citations, and sources

Notes

Citations

Sources
 (for details on his siblings)
 – Ab-Adam to Basing

 (for timeline)
 – Viscounts

 – Abercorn to Balmerino
 – Fife to Hyndford (for Hamilton)

Further reading

 (Google Books, no Preview)

External links

Manorhamilton in The Irish Aesthete
Page about Sir <mask> on the town's website

1590 births
1647 deaths
Covenanters
Scottish soldiers
Younger sons of

masks:
Frederick
Frederick
Frederick
Frederick Hamilton


title: Hicham Nostik

type: original

texts:
<mask> (Arabic: هشام نوستيك, also known as Kafer Maghribi كافر مغربي) born in 1976 in Taza, Morocco, is a Moroccan writer, podcaster and YouTuber, living in Canada, most known for his outspoken stance against Islam and religion in general, expressed through his books, podcasts and comedy videos, in Moroccan Darija and Standard Arabic. Identity

The real name of <mask> is unknown. He was first known by his YouTube username Kafer Maghribi (Arabic for Moroccan Infidel). He stated that he purposefully used the term kafer (infidel), a pejorative term in Islamic countries, so that people would get used to it, and to the fact that infidels do live among them. The name Nostik was derived from agnostic. In an interview with writer and intellectual Hamed Abdel-Samad on his program Box of Islam, he used makeup to keep his identity anonymous. Life

Childhood
<mask> was born in Taza, grew up an orphan after losing both his parents at a young age, and was raised by his sister in Kenitra.He joined the Islamist Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane organization at a young age, then the Movement of Unicity and Reform, another Islamist organization in Morocco. Moving to Germany
In the mid 1990s, Nostik moved to Germany to study German literature. He stayed in a mosque in Heidelberg since he could not afford to pay rent, and was radicalized due to his constant interaction with Muslim extremists and Mujahideen. At the instigation of his friends at the time, he traveled twice to join the Balkan war in Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Mujahid, but did not participate in the combat. He later left the mosque, and had to move around until he found an opportunity in Frankfurt, and enrolled in a Christian University. This allowed him to study Christianity and its history, and compare this knowledge with the Islamic understanding of Christianity, which according to him contradicted the historical evidence, regarding the origin and

masks:
Hicham Nostik
Hicham Nostik
Hicham Nostik


title: Hicham Nostik

texts:
 evolution of Christianity. This led him to question other aspects of Islam, such as the morality of Sharia laws, e.g.slavery, punishment for apostasy, etc. He later finished a master's degree in linguistics. After his application to German citizenship was rejected three times, he moved to Canada. Family
Nostik is married and has two kids. Views
<mask> <mask> is an agnostic atheist. He does not believe in the Abrahamic god who intervenes in human affairs, but does not deny the possibility of some sort of god to exist under some other definition. He does not for example reject, deist or pantheist conceptions of deities.In politics, Nostik supports Constitutional monarchy as the best political system for Morocco in his opinion. He was also in favor of the Israel–Morocco normalization agreement. He believes that many Moroccans have been alienated from their Amazigh origins and culture, and taken over by Arabism and Islamism. He considers Islam and the Arab nationalist ideology as the causes of this "acculturation" or loss of identity in Morocco. <mask> is himself of Rifian Amazigh descent, but does not speak Tarifit. He also stated that he follows a philosophy he calls pragmatic nihilism, which is the topic of his most recent book. Work

Books

All works of Hicham <mask> were originally written in Moroccan Darija, using Arabic characters.His first book Notes of a Moroccan Infidel was also translated to French. Notes of a Moroccan Infidel (original title: مذكرات كافر مغربي, also known as Memories of a Moroccan Infidel): published by Dar Al Watan publishing house, is an autobiography of the author, where he recounts his childhood and life in Germany until he left Islam. It was a best-selling book in the 2019 and 2020 editions of the Casablanca Book Fair. Discussion with my Inner-Muslim (original title: حوار مع المسلم اللي ساكن فيا, also known as Dialogue with the Muslim who lives inside

masks: Hicham Nostik Nostik Nostik


title: Hicham Nostik

texts:
 me): published by Dar Al-Tawhidi publishing house, is a semi-autobiographical time-travel story where the author encounters himself in the past, before he left Islam, and discusses various topics with himself. In the Salon international du livre de Casablanca (Casablanca International Book Fair) in 2020, all 500 copies of the book at the fair were sold. Pragmatic Nihilism; the Key to Happiness (original title: العدمية البراغماتية ؛ مفتاح السعادة): published in January 2022. <mask> <mask> previously announced that he will be working on a book about Christianity.YouTube channels
Hicham Nostik had several YouTube channels, first of which was Kafer Maghribi, which was closed due to massive reporting. He then created the channel Kafer Maghribi LIVE, renamed later as Hicham Nostik where he makes regular podcasts, comedy videos and discussions, and the channel Hiwarat Hicham (حوارات هشام, or Hicham's discussions), where he invites known and obscure personalities to discuss various topics, mostly related to religion and politics. Some of the most prominent personalities he interviewed include:

 Former Tunisian president Moncef Marzouki
 Former Moroccan Minister of Tourism Lahcen Haddad
 Israeli Lieutenant Colonnel Avichay Adraee
 Salafist Mohamed Fizazi
 Moroccan Christian TV host and writer Brother Rachid
 German-Egyptian intellectual Hamed Abdel-Samad
 Moroccan intellectual Ahmed Assid
 Moroccan intellectual Said Nachid
 Egyptian intellectual Sayyid Al-Qemany
 Liberal Muslim intellectual and former Islamist Abdelwahab Rafiki, also known as Abou Hafs
 Syrian Human Rights activist Rana Ahmad
 Iraqi intellectual Ahmed Al-Gubbanchi
 Jordanian molecular biologist Rana Dajani
 Moroccan intellectual Rachid Aylal

Comedy series
One of the first comedy series written and produced by Nostik on his channel was Qabasat min hayat ar-rasul (قبسات من حياة الرسول, snippets from the life of the

masks: Hicham Nostik


title: Stefanos Skouloudis

texts:
<mask> (; 23 November 1838 – 19 August 1928) was a Greek banker, diplomat and the 34th Prime Minister of Greece. Early life
He was born in Istanbul (then Constantinople) on 23 November 1838. His parents, John and <mask>, were originally from Crete and his father was a businessman in Constantinople, where Skouloudis completed grade school. In 1852, he was sent to Athens to attend high school, after which he completed medical school at the University of Athens. In 1859, Skouloudis joined the famed trading house of Ralli and became a manager of its import/export business, advancing, by 1863, to head of Turkish operations. In 1871, along with Andreas Syngros, Skouloudis founded the Bank of Constantinople. Skouloudis occasionally assisted the Greek government with diplomatic matters with the Ottoman Empire.He earned great wealth, and by 1876, Skouloudis moved permanently to Athens. Diplomatic and political life
In Athens, Skouloudis became active politically, and the crisis of 1877 provided him an opportunity to serve the government. As the "Eastern Crisis" developed into the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78, Skouloudis was a secret emissary to the Albanian population outside Greece's borders. He also served as a representative of the city of Ioannina in talks leading to the Congress of Berlin which readjusted the border between Greece and the Ottoman Empire after that war. Besides his diplomatic efforts, Skouloudis also involved himself in other public service. He was appointed to the Board of Governors of the Bank of Greece in 1880. In 1882, he formed the first company to drain Lake Copais, a lake that abutted very productive farmland north of Thebes, and which sometimes flooded.First elected to the Hellenic Parliament in the election of 1881, representing Syros (and later Thebes), <mask> was a member of Trikoupis' liberal New Party. In 1883, he was appointed Greek Ambassador to Spain where he served until 1886. After Bulgaria's unilateral unification with Eastern Rumelia from the Ottoman Empire, <mask> represented the

masks:
Stefanos Skouloudis
Zena Skouloudis
Skouloudis
Skouloudis


title: Stefanos Skouloudis

texts: Greek government at peace talks in Constantinople in 1886. He was again elected to parliament representing Thebes in 1892 and was appointed by Prime Minister Trikoupis as Minister of Religion and Education and later as Minister for the Navy. He also was called upon by both the liberal Trikoupis and conservative Theodoros Deligiannis governments to represent Greece in seeking loans and loan extensions from wealthier governments. Skouloudis served on the Organizing Committee for the 1896 Summer Olympics. He noticed that costs for the Games were rising beyond the original estimates given by Pierre de Coubertin and gave a report to the president of the committee, Crown Prince Constantine, recommending that Greece withdraw from hosting the Games.Skouloudis, and a number of others who agreed with him, resigned the committee at that point. However, Constantine decided to allow the Games to continue and the first modern Olympics were widely considered to be highly successful, especially in comparison to the 1900 and 1904 Summer Olympics. Because of his extensive diplomatic service, the liberal <mask> was appointed Minister for Foreign Affairs in the conservative government of Dimitrios Rallis in 1897. In this position, he found himself overseeing Greece's diplomatic response to its first military defeat in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, which despite the fairly complete defeat of Greece's army, resulted in a relatively small loss of Greek territory, partly because of Skouloudis' diplomatic efforts. In 1905, <mask> was again elected to parliament from Thebes, but he did not serve in the government. After the Goudi Revolt in 1909, Skouloudis' name was heard often as a potential reformer Prime Minister, along with <mask> Dragoumis, who was ultimately selected as Prime Minister and who paved the way for Eleftherios Venizelos to assume the premiership in 1910 and end the political crisis. <mask> was later tapped by Venizelos to be Greece's representative at peace talks in London after the First Balkan War in 1912.National Schism

masks: Skouloudis Skouloudis Stefanos Skouloudis


title: Stefanos Skouloudis

texts:
 and prime ministry

Following the death of King George I in 1913, Greece's Prime Minister Venizelos and new king Constantine were increasingly at odds. As Europe descended into the First World War, the pro-German king and the pro-Allied Prime Minister struggled politically over Greece's entry into the war with the king supporting neutrality and Venizelos favoring entry on the side of the Allies. Venizelos resigned and was succeeded by Alexandros Zaimis. In October 1915 Venizelos left Athens and would later set up a rival government in Thessaloniki and Prime Minister Zaimis resigned. At that point, the king asked Skouloudis to form a government of national unity, including representatives of all the parties in parliament in his government. The Skouloudis government focused almost exclusively on the question of Greece's entry into World War I, and attempts to stave off the formation of a rival government in the north. Skouloudis was unsuccessful and Prime Minister Zaimis was reappointed by the king.Eventually, with the abdication of Constantine in summer 1917 and the return of Venizelos triumphant to Athens, Skouloudis found himself investigated for collaboration with the former king, such as the reasons for the surrender of Fort Roupel in 1916 to Central Powers. It was decided, due to his age, to not be exiled, such others, but to be placed under custody. He was charged and convicted along with his cabinet and remained in prison until November 1920. With the electoral defeat of Venizelos, <mask>' sentence was commuted in 1921 and he was pardoned. <mask> died in Athens on 19 August 1928. Sources
 Gennadios Library

1838 births
1928 deaths
19th-century Greek politicians
20th-century prime ministers of Greece
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens alumni
Greek bankers
New Party (Greece) politicians
Prime Ministers of Greece
Foreign ministers of Greece
People convicted of treason against Greece
Recipients of Greek royal pardons
Turkish people of Greek descent
Constantinopolitan Greeks
Ambassadors of Greece to

masks: Skouloudis Skouloudis


title: Harry Mulisch

texts:
<mask> ( ; 29 July 1927 – 30 October 2010) was a Dutch writer. He wrote more than 80 novels, plays, essays, poems, and philosophical reflections. <mask>'s works have been translated into over thirty languages. Along with Willem Frederik Hermans and Gerard Reve, <mask> is considered one of the "Great Three" (De Grote Drie) of Dutch postwar literature. His novel The Assault (1982) was adapted into a film that won both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award. <mask>'s work is also popular among the country's public: a 2007 poll of NRC Handelsblad readers voted his novel The Discovery of Heaven (1992) the greatest Dutch book ever written. He was regularly mentioned as a possible future Nobel laureate.He won the 2007 International Nonino Prize in Italy. Life

<mask> <mask> was born on 29 July 1927 in Haarlem in the Netherlands. <mask>'s father was from Austria-Hungary and emigrated to the Netherlands after the First World War. During the German occupation in World War II his father worked for a German bank, which also dealt with confiscated Jewish assets. His mother, Alice Schwarz, was Jewish. <mask> and his mother escaped transportation to a concentration camp thanks to <mask>'s father's collaboration with the Nazis, but his maternal grandmother was killed in a gas chamber. <mask> was raised largely by his parents' housemaid, Frieda Falk.<mask> said of himself, he did not just write about World War II, he was WWII. <mask> lived in Amsterdam from 1958 until his death in 2010. <mask> had two daughters, his daughters Frieda and Anna, with his wife Sjoerdje Woudenberg, and a son, Menzo, from his relationship with Kitty Saal. Death

<mask> died in 2010. His death occurred at his Amsterdam home and his family was with him at the time. Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte described his death as "a loss for Dutch literature and the Netherlands". Culture minister Halbe Zijlstra bemoaned the demise of the "Big Three" as Gerard Reve and Willem Frederik Hermans had already died.Marlise Simons of The New

masks:
Harry Kurt Victor Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Harry Kurt
Victor Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch
Mulisch


title: Harry Mulisch

texts:
 York Times said his "gift for writing with clarity about moral and philosophical themes made him an enormously influential figure in the Netherlands and earned him recognition abroad". The L Magazines Mark Ashe quoted the American editions of his novels by referring to him as "Holland's Greatest Author" and "Holland's most important postwar writer". Works
<mask> gained international recognition with the film The Assault (1986), based on his book of the same title (1982). It received an Oscar and a Golden Globe for best foreign movie and has been translated into more than twenty languages. His novel The Discovery of Heaven (1992) is considered his masterpiece, and was voted “the best Dutch-language book ever” by Dutch readers in a 2007 newspaper poll. “It is the book that shaped our generation; it made us love, even obsess, with reading,” said Peter-Paul Spanjaard, 32, a lawyer in Amsterdam at the time of <mask>'s death. It was filmed in 2001 as The Discovery of Heaven by Jeroen Krabbé, starring Stephen Fry.Among the many awards he received for individual works and his total body of work, the most important is the Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren (Prize of Dutch Literature, a lifetime achievement award) in 1995. Themes in his work
A frequent theme in his work is the Second World War. His father had worked for the Germans during the war and went to prison for three years afterwards. As the war spanned most of <mask>'s formative phase, it had a defining influence on his life and work. In 1963, he wrote a non-fiction work about the Eichmann case: Criminal Case 40/61. Major works set against the backdrop of the Second World War are De Aanslag (The Assault), Het stenen bruidsbed, and Siegfried. <mask> often incorporated ancient legends or myths in his writings, drawing on Greek mythology (e.g.in De Elementen), Jewish mysticism (in De ontdekking van de Hemel and De Procedure), well known urban legends and politics (Mulisch was politically left-wing, once signing a book "dedicated in

masks: Mulisch Mulisch Mulisch Mulisch


title: Harry Mulisch

texts:
 admiration" to Fidel Castro). <mask>'s works are widely read. In 1984 he delivered the Huizinga Lecture in Leiden, The Netherlands, under the title: Het Ene (the unifying principle). De Kamer (1984; stories)
Hoogste Tijd ("Last Call", 1985; novel);
De Pupil ("The Pupil", 1987; novel)
De Elementen ("The Elements", 1988; novel)
Het beeld en de klok (1989; short story)
De Ontdekking van de Hemel (The Discovery of Heaven, 1992; novel)
De Procedure ("The Procedure", 1999; novel)
Het Theater, de brief en de waarheid ("The Theatre, the Letter and the Truth", 2000; novel); "Boekenweekgeschenk". 2007: Prize for best Dutch novel of all time, for the novel "The Discovery of Heaven"
2009: Golden Century Award, for his entire oeuvre

Planetoid
<mask> was honored with a planetoid in his name on 12 October 2006 (see 10251 Mulisch)

References

External links

 Schrijversnet – Dutch website with info on Dutch writers
 <mask>ch 'Bookweb' on literary website The Ledge, with suggestions for further reading. Literatuurplein – Dutch literature website (Dutch language). Marianne Lamers page
 University of Leiden, "Huizinga-lezing archief"

Obituaries
 The Daily Telegraph
 The New York Times

1927 births
2010 deaths
Writers from Amsterdam
People from Haarlem
20th-century Dutch novelists
21st-century Dutch novelists
Dutch male novelists
Dutch male poets
Dutch Jews
Jewish Dutch writers
Libris Prize winners
Constantijn Huygens Prize winners
P. C. Hooft Award winners
Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren winners
Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands
Dutch essayists
Commanders of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Officers of the Order of Orange-Nassau
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
20th-century Dutch poets
20th-century Dutch male writers
20th-century Dutch dramatists and playwrights
Dutch male dramatists and playwrights
Male essayists
20th-century essayists
21st-century essayists
21st-century Dutch male writers
Pipe

masks:
Mulisch
Mulisch
Harry Mulis


title: Andrew Keen

texts:
<mask> (born c. 1960) is a British-American entrepreneur and author. He is particularly known for his view that the current Internet culture and the Web 2.0 trend may be debasing culture, an opinion he shares with Jaron Lanier and Nicholas G. Carr among others. Keen is especially concerned about the way that the current Internet culture undermines the authority of learned experts and the work of professionals. <mask> was born in Hampstead, North London, to a Jewish family. He attended the University of London, studying History under Hugh Seton-Watson, a British historian and political scientist. Keen earned a bachelor's degree in history and then studied at the University of Sarajevo in Yugoslavia. Having been influenced by Josef Škvorecký, Danilo Kiš, Jaroslav Hašek and especially the writings of Franz Kafka; Keen relocated to America, where he earned a master's degree in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, studying under Ken Jowitt.After Berkeley, Keen taught modern history and politics at Tufts University, Northeastern University and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He currently lives in Berkeley, California with his family. Career

Keen returned to Silicon Valley in 1995 and founded Audiocafe.com, which received funding from Intel and SAP. The firm folded in April 2000 and after the demise of Audiocafe.com, Keen worked at various technology companies including Pulse 3D, SLO Media, Santa Cruz Networks, Jazziz Digital and Pure Depth, where he was director of global strategic sales. Keen stated in October, 2007, that he is working on his new book, tentatively titled, Star Wars 2.0. In 2013, Keen founded FutureCast, a salon-style event series hosted by the AT&T Foundry and

masks:
Andrew Keen
Life Keen


title: Andrew Keen

texts:
 Ericsson, which brings together start-up entrepreneurs, investors, and technologists to discuss the digital revolution. He is currently the host of "Keen On" show, a TechCrunch chat show.Criticism of Web 2.0

In 2005, <mask> wrote that Web 2.0 is a "grand utopian movement" similar to "communist society" as described by Karl Marx. He states:

On 5 June 2007, Keen released his first book The Cult of the Amateur, published by Doubleday Currency, and gave a talk at Google the same day. The book is critical of free, user-generated content websites such as Wikipedia, YouTube, Digg, Reddit and many others. He prominently featured in the 2008 Dutch documentary The Truth According to Wikipedia and was also featured in the 2010 American documentary Truth in Numbers?. Keen stresses the importance of media literacy and claims that user generated blogs, wikis and other "democratized" media, cannot match the resources of mainstream media outlets. Pointing to examples like being able to gather teams together, travel to dangerous locations (sometimes spending years in the region) and having skilled and experienced editors oversee the process, Keen forecasts that if the current Web 2.0 mentality—where content is either given away or stolen—continues, in 25 years there will not exist a professional music business, newspaper industry or publishing business and challenges his audience to question whether they value these or not. Keen discusses often-overlooked problems with participatory technology.He describes the Internet in amoral terms, saying it is a mirror of human culture. "We see irreverence, and vitality, and excitement. We see a youthfulness. But we also see, I think, many of the worst developments in modern cultural


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
<mask>, 1st Viscount <mask>, PC, FRSE (28 April 1742 – 28 May 1811), styled as <mask> from 1802, was a Scottish advocate and independent Whig politician. He was the trusted lieutenant of British prime minister William Pitt, and the most powerful politician in Scotland in the latter decades of the 18th century. <mask> was instrumental in the encouragement of the Scottish Enlightenment, in the prosecution of the war against France, and in the expansion of British influence in India. Prime Minister Pitt appointed him lord of trade from 1784 to 1786, Home Secretary (1791–1794), President of the Board of Control for Indian Affairs (1793–1801), Secretary at War (1794–1801), and First Lord of the Admiralty (1804–1805). His deft and almost total control of Scottish politics during a long period when no monarch visited the country, led to him being nicknamed King Harry the Ninth, the "Grand Manager of Scotland" (a play on the masonic office of Grand Master of Scotland), the "Great Tyrant" and "The Uncrowned King of Scotland". He is commemorated by one of the most prominent memorials in Edinburgh, the 150-foot high, Category A listed Melville Monument at St Andrew Square, in the heart of the New Town he helped to establish. The monument was paid for mostly by friends and Naval personnel.Memorials to Dundas have become the focus of controversy over accusations that he delayed the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade. Background and education
Dundas was born in Edinburgh on 28 April 1742 in the house known as 'Bishop's Land' (a former lodging of the Archbishop of St Andrews) on the Royal Mile. He was the fourth son of Robert

masks:
Henry Dundas
Melville
Lord Melville
Henry Dundas


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
 Dundas of Arniston, Lord President of the Court of Session, by his second wife, Anne Gordon, daughter of Sir William Gordon of Invergordon. He first attended Dalkeith Grammar School before an attack of smallpox interrupted his studies, after which he moved to the Royal High School, Edinburgh, before enrolling at the University of Edinburgh to study law. While a student he was a member of the Edinburgh University Belles Lettres Society, participating in its meetings and gaining his first experience of public speaking at the society's debates. Legal career
Becoming a member of the Faculty of Advocates in 1763, he soon acquired a leading position in the Scottish legal system. He became Solicitor General for Scotland in 1766; but after his appointment as Lord Advocate in 1775, he gradually relinquished his legal practice to devote his attention more exclusively to public affairs.In 1776, Dundas acted as counsel to Joseph Knight, who had been purchased as a slave in Jamaica and was later taken to Scotland. As a young man Knight tried to escape from his owner, and when that failed he launched a legal battle for his freedom. The case went to Scotland's highest civil court, where Dundas led Knight's legal team, in the case of Knight v. Wedderburn. Dundas was assisted by prominent members of the Scottish Enlightenment, and also Samuel Johnson, whose biographer James Boswell later wrote: "I cannot too highly praise the speech which Mr. <mask> generously contributed to the cause of the sooty stranger." Arguing that "as Christianity gained ground in different nations, slavery was abolished", and appealing to the earlier ruling in


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
 Town Maroons to Nova Scotia. Walpole was disgusted with the governor's actions, pointing out that he had given the Maroons his word that they would not be transported off the island. Walpole resigned his commission, and went back to England, where he became an MP and protested in vain in the House of Commons how Balcarres had behaved in a duplicitous and dishonest way with the Maroons. Dundas sided with Balcarres in the dispute, and turned down Walpole's requests to get the Maroons returned to Jamaica. Dundas was a vigorous advocate of a strong British presence in the Mediterranean. He promptly met the challenge of Napoleon's attack on Egypt with actions which were vigorous and pivotal. While he did not prevent the French landing he did play a key role in defeating it, thus enhancing British security in India.From about 1798 on he pleaded frequently to be allowed to resign from his offices on health grounds, but Pitt, who relied on him greatly, refused even to consider it. Pitt's ministry left office in 1801. In 1802, Dundas was elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom as <mask> and Baron Dunira, of Dunira in Perthshire. When Pitt returned to power in 1804, Dundas again entered office as First Lord of the Admiralty. Suspicion had arisen, however, as to the financial management of the Admiralty, of which Dundas had been treasurer between 1782 and 1800. Commission of Inquiry
In 1802 the Commissioners of Naval Inquiry commenced inquiries into misappropriation of public funds while Dundas was treasurer of the Navy. Its report was presented in 1805.The Navy's paymaster, Alexander Trotter, admitted to the Commissioners


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
 that he had transferred public money from the Bank of England to his own credit in a private account at Coutts Bank, investing and loaning the funds at interest, from which he benefited. Although his transactions caused no loss of public money, but rather the loss of interest on that money, impeachment proceedings were taken against Dundas in 1806, given that the misappropriation had occurred during his term as Treasurer of the Navy. The trial, in the House of Lords, attracted considerable notice because of "dislike of patronage and the Pittite ‘system’, anti‐Scottish bias, and advocacy of financial and parliamentary reform." The process ended in an acquittal. Dundas had already left the Privy Council, in 1805, but he remained in the House of Lords. He was readmitted to the Privy Council in 1807. He declined an offer of an earldom in 1809.Family

Lord <mask>'s first marriage was to Elizabeth Rannie, daughter of David Rannie, of Melville Castle, in 1765. She is believed to have been about 16 at the time of the marriage, although the date of her birth is not certain. She committed adultery (then known as "criminal conversation") with a Captain Everard Faukener in 1778, after 13 years of marriage, and abandoned Dundas and their four children, fleeing to an undisclosed location. Within days she confessed in a letter to Dundas, saying she was "undeserving of being your wife or the mother to your unhappy children." Approximately a month later they were divorced. She went on to marry Faukener and never saw her children again. <mask> became the owner of the family patrimony she brought to the marriage, in accordance with the law

masks:
Melville
Henry Dundas


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
 of the time, and he and their four children remained at Melville Castle after the marriage ended.Dundas paid Elizabeth a monthly annuity until his death, which was not required by law. Their eldest son Robert inherited the estate in 1811. Robert, the 2nd Viscount <mask>, continued the annuity until Elizabeth's death at the age of 98. Between 1785 and 1806 he leased a large country house called Warren House on the edge of Wimbledon Common where he entertained George III and Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger. After his divorce Dundas was married again, to Lady Jane Hope, daughter of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, in 1793. He died in May 1811, in Edinburgh, aged 69, and was succeeded in his titles by his son from his first marriage, Robert. The Viscountess <mask> later married Thomas Wallace, 1st Baron Wallace and died in June 1829.Dundas is buried in a vault in Old Lasswade Kirkyard, with most of his descendants. Legacy and memory

Late in life Dundas's health suffered and he was financially distressed. He attended debates in the House of Lords and maintained his position as a member of Privy Council, but kept a lower public profile. However at his death the immediate reaction was one of widespread praise from most quarters (apart from the Whigs in Scotland). By 1900, however, historians were harsh, denouncing him as the epitome  of corruption and oppression who had sold out Scotland to the English. By the late 20th century his reputation had been restored. He was praised for his military policies, for giving Scotland a cohesive government, and for making it a major player in imperial affairs.Dundas was a friend of

masks: Melville Melville


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts: John Graves Simcoe, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, who named the town of Dundas in southern Ontario after him. Owing to the town's short-lived prominence in Upper Canada, streets and historical highways leading to Dundas were named Dundas Street; these include portions of Highway 5, Highway 2 and Highway 8. In 1792 Dundas County was named in his honour. In the city of Toronto, Yonge–Dundas Square is a prominent landmark and commercial centre, while Dundas Street is a main thoroughfare of the city. Dundas Island was named by Captain George Vancouver in Dundas's honour. Vancouver originally believed it to be one island, Dundas's Island, but it was later determined that it was in fact a small archipelago. The group became known as the Dundas Islands, while constituent islands were given the names Melville Island, Baron Island, and Dunira Island, in respect of Dundas's titles.The District of Dundas in New South Wales was named after the Colonial Secretary, <mask>. The District of Dundas was abolished in 1889 although the name still survives in the Sydney suburb of Dundas. In 1848, John Septimus Roe, the government surveyor (in the then colony of Western Australia), was searching for pastoral land and discovered the area around Norseman which he named Dundas Hills, after the colonial secretary. Gold was discovered there in 1893, the Dundas Field was proclaimed, and the town of Dundas established (ca. 40 km south of Norseman, later abandoned), which eventually led to the present Shire of Dundas. A monument to Dundas, modeled loosely on Trajan's Column in Rome, stands in the centre of St Andrew Square, Edinburgh. The cost


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
 foot in Canada". In Edinburgh, demonstrators graffitied the Melville Monument in June 2020.In March 2021, the City of Edinburgh Council approved a permanent plaque dedicated to the memory of enslaved Africans. Professor Sir Tom Devine and descendants of Dundas criticised the content of the plaque as historically inaccurate. Fictional references
Lord <mask>, as First Lord of the Admiralty, is present or a background character in several of Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin novels. As a major official favourably disposed to Jack Aubrey, Lord <mask>'s political interest is often helpful to the captain. O'Brian casts <mask>'s impeachment for malversation of public monies as a political attack using naval intelligence spending, the details of which cannot be disclosed for security and the safety of intelligence agents—such as Stephen Maturin. Additionally, Heneage 'Hen' Dundas, a real-life naval officer son of Thomas Dundas, appears as a younger son of Lord <mask>. As a former crewmate and close friend of one of the eponymous main characters, Jack Aubrey, Heneage Dundas is one of the recurring characters of the series.He is also a supporting character in the legal drama Garrow's Law. As a leading figure of the establishment, he is a bitter enemy of the radical hero, William Garrow. He is played by Stephen Boxer. Also, fictional references were made to Sir <mask> in Chapter 24 of L.A. Meyer's third book in the Jacky Faber series, which was titled "Under the Jolly Roger" as well as the former Lord Dundas in Meyer's sixth book, which was titled, "My Bonny Light Horseman". He was portrayed as 'bookish', although a sweet and

masks:
Melville
Melville
Melville
Melville
Henry Dundas


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
 sincere man otherwise. A reference was made to <mask> and his role in the abolition of the Slave Trade in the motion picture Amazing Grace (2006) where he was played by Bill Paterson. Dundas is also featured in Joseph Knight, by James Robertson (Fourth Estate, 2003) - a fictional account of the true story of the former slave for whom Dundas successfully appealed to two levels of Scottish courts, ultimately winning a declaration of Knight's emancipation, and the emancipation of all purported slaves on Scottish soil.Arms

References

Further reading
 Brown, David. "The Government of Scotland under <mask> and William Pitt." History 83.270 (1998): 265–279. Dwyer, John, and Alexander Murdoch. "Paradigms and Politics: Manners,	Morals	and the	Rise	of <mask>, 1770-1784," in	John Dwyer, Roger A. Mason, and	Alexander Murdoch (eds. ), New	Perspectives on the Politics and Culture of Early modern Scotland (Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1982), pp. 210–248.Ehrman, John. The Younger Pitt: The Years of Acclaim (1969); The Reluctant Transition (1983); The Consuming Struggle (1996). Monumental scholarly study with extensive coverage of Dundas. Fry, Michael. "Dundas, <mask>, first Viscount <mask> (1742–1811)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004)
 Fry, Michael. The Dundas despotism (1992) on Scotland
 Furber, Holden. <mask>: First Viscount <mask>, 1741–1811, Political Manager of Scotland, Statesman, Administrator of British India (Oxford UP, 1931).Long scholarly biography   online
 Hutchison, Gary D. "‘The Manager in Distress’: Reaction to the Impeachment of <mask>, 1805–7." Parliamentary History 36.2 (2017): 198-217. PDF

masks:
Henry Dundas
Henry Dundas
Henry Dundas
Henry
Melville
Henry Dundas
Melville
Henry Dundas


title: Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville

texts:
 Ingram, Edward. Two Views of British India: Private Correspondence of Mr. Dundas and Lord Wellesley, 1798-1801 (Adams & Dart, 1970)
 Lovat-Fraser, J.A. <mask>, viscount <mask> (1916) online
 McCarthy, Angela. "Bad History: The Controversy over <mask> and the Historiography of the Abolition of the Slave Trade." Scottish Affairs (2022): 1-26.Matheson, Cyril. The Life of <mask>, First Viscount <mask>, 1742–1811 (1933). Mullen, Stephen. "<mask>: a ‘great delayer’of the abolition of the transatlantic slave trade." Scottish Historical Review (2021). online
 Murdoch, Alexander. "<mask>, Scotland and the Union with Ireland, 1792–1801."in Scotland in the Age of the French Revolution (2005) pp: 125–39. Taylor, Michael. The Interest: How the British Establishment Resisted the Abolition of Slavery (Penguin, 2020)
 Wright, Esmond. "<mask>das--Harry the Ninth." History Today (March 1958) 8#3 pp 155–163

External links
 Finding aid to the <mask> papers at the University of Pennsylvania Libraries

 Letters and memoranda (1792-1812) of <mask>, <mask> and Robert Dundas, Viscount <mask> (1771-1851) are held by SOAS Archives. 1742 births
1811 deaths
People from Dalkeith
Dundas, <mask>, <mask>, <mask> MPs 1774–1780
British MPs 1780–1784
British MPs 1784–1790
British MPs 1790–1796
British MPs 1796–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Edinburgh constituencies
UK MPs 1801–1802
Dundas, <mask>
Chancellors of the University of St Andrews
<mask>ndas
Governors of the Bank of Scotland
Impeached British officials
Lord Advocates
Lords of the Admiralty
Dundas, <mask>
Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain
Members of Parliament

masks:
Henry Dundas
Melville
Henry Dundas
Henry Dundas
Melville
Henry Dundas
Henry Dundas
Henry Du
Henry Dundas
Henry Dundas
Viscount Melville
Melville
Henry Dundas
Henry Dundas
Henry British
Henry
Henry Du
Henry


title: Alexander Gibson (botanist)

texts:
<mask> (1800–1867) was a Scottish surgeon and botanist who worked in India. He was born in Kincardineshire and studied at Edinburgh. He went to India as a surgeon in the Honourable East India Company. He became a superintendent of the Dapuri botanical gardens (1838-47) under the erstwhile Bombay Presidency.He was appointed as the first Conservator of Forests of India on March 22, 1847.He published several works on botany and reports on forestry in India. He laid a foundation stone of Indian forestry and made a memorable contribution. Early life
<mask> was born on October 24, 1800, in Lorensk, Scotland. As a child, <mask> learned from his father religious tolerance, love of nature, and progressive farming skills.He studied Latin, Greek, and natural history at the Mauritius College in Monterrey, Montreux Academy. In the year 1825, the East India Company sent Dr. <mask> as ‘Flag Surgeon’. <mask> was awarded the Ava Medal in Burma for his outstanding service. In 1827, Dr<mask> came to Matunga in Mumbai from Burma after being appointed as an 'Assistant Surgeon' for the Troops of Bombay Horse, Artillery. In 1830, he was appointed for vaccination work in Gujarat, Konkan and Deccan. He could speak Marathi, Hindi, Gujarati.Dr. <mask> interacted with the Bhils and other tribal communities on the cultivation of moha.He built a 'Botanical Garden' in village Hiware in Junnar taluka of Pune district of India. He provided  free medical services to the villagers . He introduced new agricultural crops to local farmers here by experimenting on crops like sago, potato, sugarcane. The medical service in India during the late 19th century widely quoted the works of <mask> linking deforestation, increasing aridity, and temperature change on a global scale. Several reports which spoke of large-scale deforestation and desiccation were coming up, prominent among them being the medico-topographical reports by Ranald Martin, a surgeon. In another report, <mask> wrote to Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1841 that "the Deccan is more bare than Gujarat" with the

masks:
Alexander Gibson
Alexander
Alexander
Appointed Gibson
Gibson
. Gibson
Gibson
Alexander Humboldt
Gibson


title: Alexander Gibson (botanist)

texts:
 ghat mountain trees disappearing fast. He requested Hooker to influence the government to control the forests in the Deccan and Konkan region.This led to the creation of the Bombay forest conservancy and <mask> was made conservator of forests. This was the first case of state management of forests in the world. He has written two valuable books on Indian flora they are Bombay Flora in 1861 na Handbook to the Forests of the Bombay Presidency in 1863. Service to Forest
Due to shortage of timber supply to the East India Company for shipbuilding, in 1840, the Government of Mumbai ordered a survey of the northern forests of the Western Ghats. Given to <mask>. Dr. <mask> conducted the survey on horseback from 1840 to 1844. To avoid the dangers of malaria and toxic gases, <mask> would get up at three in the morning and walk eight miles in the light of a flashlight.Four miles on horseback and four miles from eight o'clock in the morning. He traveled 800 miles for 100 days and traveled from Mumbai to South Karnataka. At that time, a large amount of deforestation and barren and barren lands. <mask> was found. Coal, agricultural implements, wheels, civil works, poles, ammunition trucks, guns, fuel, etc. The vast forest was destroyed for things. In 1842, he recorded that "the locals are ready to cut down trees but are not aware of the importance of planting trees."Regarding handing over the responsibility of the forest to the people, Dr. <mask> advised the government to reconsider and stressed the need to create rules to curb illegal logging. Extra pruning of trees gave people wood. The foundation of social forestry was laid through public participation and partnership. <mask> first underlined the need for proper management of forests. In the year 1836, the Governor of Mumbai, Sir Robert Grant appointed Dr. <mask> at Dapodi Udyan wcich was situated on 90 acres along the river Pawana. <mask> emphasized the quality of medicinal plants and crops there. <mask> hired an anonymous Portuguese painter for 26 months at a salary of 20 rupees a month

masks: Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson


title: Alexander Gibson (botanist)

texts:
 for making sketches of flowering plants in the vicinity of Dapodi and Hiware Garden .<mask> himself took pains to make paintings of 173 plants. These paintings are known as 'Dapodi Drawings'. These original paintings are still preserved in Edinburgh. The agricultural implements <mask> sent to Scotland 177 years ago included local spades, shovels, seed drills, plows, and threshing machines. The bullock cart sent from Junnar is housed in the National Museum of Scotland. He was instrumental in the implementation of forest conservation laws under the East India Company, and he was able to systematically propagandise a forest conservation program with help from Hugh Francis Cleghorn and Edward Balfour. Dr. <mask> wrote over 48 research papers on traditional medicinal plants.His writings were published in the research journal 'Journal of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society of India'. Memorial at Junnar
A memorial was erected by his wife on the back water of Kukadi River dam. Nearby are also the stone tombs of <mask>'s three pet dogs, Lazy, Hector and Tipu. Near the memorial is <mask>'s bungalow, where <mask> used to write 'Forest' and 'Garden Report' in the dim light of a lantern on a stormy rainy night, and the stable for horses on which he rode eight miles a day are still in good condition. The rare mahogany tree planted by <mask> two hundred years ago still stands out. The existence of a small dam built by Stokes can be seen here. <mask> left for Scotland in 1864.<mask> breathed his last on January 16, 1867, at Scotland, during a blizzard. Further reading
 Noltie, H. J. (2002) The Dapuri drawings: <mask> and The Bombay Botanic Gardens. The Antique Collectors Club in association with the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 240pp. References

External links

 Biographic film on life of Dr. <mask>, Botanist

1800 births
1867 deaths
Scottish botanists
Scottish surgeons
Scottish people of the British Empire
People from Kincardine and Mearns
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Colonial Forest Service officers
People of British

masks:
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Alexander Gibson
Alexander Gibson


title: Cornelius Ryan

texts:
<mask> (5 June 1920 – 23 November 1974) was an Irish-American journalist and author known mainly for writing popular military history. He was especially known for his histories of World War II events: The Longest Day: 6 June 1944 D-Day (1959), The Last Battle (1966), and A Bridge Too Far (1974). Born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, he began working as a journalist in London in 1940. He became involved in covering World War II and travelled with troops in Europe. After the war, he covered the establishment of Israel. He immigrated to the United States in 1947 to work for Time. In 1951 <mask> became a naturalized US citizen and lived there for the remainder of his life.Early life and education
<mask> was born in Dublin and educated at Synge Street CBS, Portobello, Ireland. He was an altar boy at St Kevin's Church, Harrington Street and studied the violin at the Irish Academy of Music in Dublin. He was a boy scout in the 52nd Troop of the Catholic Boy Scouts of Ireland and travelled on their pilgrimage to Rome on the liner Lancastria in 1934. Career

<mask> moved to London in 1940, where he became a war correspondent for The Daily Telegraph in 1941. He initially covered the air war in Europe. After the US entered the war, he flew along on fourteen bombing missions with the Eighth and Ninth United States Army Air Forces (USAAF). He joined General George S. Patton's Third Army and covered its actions until the end of the European war in 1945.That year he transferred to the Pacific theater until the war ended there. He travelled to Jerusalem in 1946 to cover the end of the Palestinian mandate and rise of an independent

masks:
Cornelius Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan


title: Cornelius Ryan

texts: Israel. <mask> emigrated to the United States in 1947 to work for Time. He reported on the postwar tests of atomic weapons carried out by the United States in the Pacific. He also reported for Time on the Israeli war in 1948. This was followed by work for other magazines, including Collier's Weekly and Reader's Digest. He married Kathryn Morgan (1925–1993), a novelist.<mask> became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1951. On a trip to Normandy in 1949, <mask> became interested in telling a more complete story of Operation Overlord than had been produced to date. He began compiling information and conducting over 1000 interviews as he gathered stories from both the Allies and the Germans, as well as French civilians. In 1956 he began to write down his World War II notes for The Longest Day: 6 June 1944 D-Day, which tells the story of the D-Day Invasion of Normandy. He completed it and published it in 1959. It was an instant success, and film rights were purchased. <mask> helped to write the screenplay for the 1962 film of the same name.Darryl F. Zanuck paid the author US$175,000 for the screen rights to the book. <mask>'s 1957 book One Minute to Ditch! is about the successful ocean ditching of a Pan American Boeing 377 Stratocruiser. After publishing an article about the ditching for Collier's in their 21 December 1956, issue, <mask> expanded it and developed it as a book. His next work was The Last Battle (1966), about the Battle of Berlin. The book contains detailed accounts from all perspectives: civilian, and American, British, Russian and German military. It deals with the fraught military and

masks: Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan


title: Cornelius Ryan

texts:
 political situation in the spring of 1945, when the forces of the western allies and the Soviet Union contended for the chance to liberate Berlin and to carve up the remains of Germany.<mask> followed this work by A Bridge Too Far (1974), which tells the story of Operation Market Garden, the ill-fated assault by Allied airborne forces on the Netherlands, culminating in the Battle of Arnhem. This work was also adapted for the cinema and released as a major 1977 film of the same name. He was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1970, and struggled to finish A Bridge Too Far during his illness. He died in Manhattan, while on tour promoting the book, two months after its publication in 1974. He is buried in the Ridgebury Cemetery in northern Ridgefield, Connecticut. Four years after his death, his widow Kathryn Morgan <mask> published a memoir about his last years, entitled A Private Battle (1978). She based it on notes that he had secretly left behind for that purpose.For many years <mask>'s editor at Simon & Schuster was Peter Schwed, who was assisted by Michael Korda. <mask>'s literary agent was Paul Gitlin. Legacy and honours
<mask> was awarded the French Legion of Honour. He received an honorary Doctor of Literature degree from Ohio University. His papers are kept there as the <mask> Collection in Vernon R. Alden Library. Bibliography
 1946. – Star-Spangled Mikado.– with Frank Kelley. – New York City:: R.M. McBride. OCLC
 1950. – MacArthur: Man of Action. – with Frank Kelley. – Garden City, New York: Doubleday.– OCLC:
 1957. – One Minute to Ditch!. – New York: Ballantine Books. – OCLC
 1959. – The Longest Day: 6

masks:
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Cornelius Ryan


title: Cornelius Ryan

texts:
 June 1944 D-Day. – Greenwich, Connecticut: Fawcett Publications. 1966.– The Last Battle. – New York City: Simon & Schuster
New English Library (1979) – . Simon & Schuster; Reprint edition (1995) –
 1974. – A Bridge Too Far. – New York City: Simon & Schuster. –
 1979. – A Private Battle.– Posthumously with Kathryn Morgan <mask>. – New York City:: Simon & Schuster. –

References

External links

<mask> Collection of World War II Papers – Ohio University Libraries
The Reporter Whom Time Forgot by Michael Shapiro, Columbia Journalism Review

1920 births
1974 deaths
Bancarella Prize winners
The Daily Telegraph people
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Irish emigrants to the United States
Journalists from Dublin (city)
Irish male writers
Irish war correspondents
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Military historians
Time (magazine) people
War writers
Historians of World War II
20th-century Irish writers
20th-century Irish historians
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American historians
American military historians
American male non-fiction writers
People educated at Synge Street CBS
20th-century journalists
War correspondents of World War II
20th-century English

masks:
Ryan
Cornelius Ryan


title: Bobbi Kristina Brown

texts:
<mask> (March 4, 1993 – July 26, 2015) was an American reality television personality, media personality, and singer. She was the daughter of singers Whitney Houston and <mask>. Her parents' fame kept <mask> in the public eye, as did her appearances on the reality show Being Bobby Brown. <mask> intended on becoming a singer, actor, and dancer like her parents. She performed with her mother at concerts a number of times, as well as singing a cover of her mother's song "I'm Your Baby Tonight" on Being Bobby <mask>. She appeared as herself on a number of television shows and specials, and played a role on Tyler Perry's television series For Better or Worse in 2012. On January 31, 2015, <mask> was found unconscious in a bathtub in her home.After being in a coma for nearly six months, <mask> died from lobar pneumonia on July 26, 2015, at the age of 22. After her death, her life was the subject of a television movie in 2017 and documentary in 2021. Early life
<mask> <mask> <mask> was born on March 4, 1993, at Saint Barnabas Medical Center in Livingston, New Jersey, to singers Whitney Houston and <mask>. Through her mother, <mask> was related to many singers and entertainers: her maternal grandmother was singer Cissy Houston of The Drinkard Singers; her mother's cousins were singers Dee Dee Warwick, Dionne Warwick, and Leontyne Price. <mask>'s uncle was former professional basketball player Gary Garland, her mother's half-brother. Through her father, <mask> had six half-siblings: Landon, La'Princia, Robert "Bobby" Jr., Cassius, Bodhi, and Estelle. Her godmother was gospel singer CeCe Winans and her godfather was music executive Clive Davis.<mask> grew up in front of cameras, appearing besides Houston during an interview with Barbara Walters at eight months old, and appearing aged one on stage at the 1994

masks:
Bobbi Kristina Brown
Bobby Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Bobbi
Kristina
Brown
Bobby Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Bobbi Kristina Brown

texts:
 American Music Award when her mother accepted an award. Her vocals were featured on her mother's 1998 song "My Love Is Your Love," for the album of the same title. When her mother brought her to the recording studio and held her up to the microphone, she said "Sing, mommy," which can be heard during the first verse of the song; she says "Clap your hands!" at the end of the track. <mask> was featured on her mother's 2003 Christmas album titled One Wish: The Holiday Album on "The Little Drummer Boy". When <mask>'s parents divorced in 2007, her mother was awarded custody. The Guardian writer Caroline Sullivan characterized <mask>'s childhood as difficult because of her parents' drug problems.TheWrap stated, "<mask> grew up under the media glare, with her family issues playing out in a very public way." The media also scrutinized <mask>'s weight; BET, Essence, and the Daily Beast all wrote articles commenting and speculating on <mask>'s fluctuating weight. Author Mark Bego characterized <mask>'s teenage years as "no picnic" because of the media focus on her and her "extreme growing pains" because of that. Adult life
<mask>'s mother died at age 48 in a hotel bathtub in February 2012 from what was later ruled an accidental drowning with heart disease and cocaine use listed as contributing factors. <mask> was described as "inconsolable" and a few days later was admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles; according to a family friend, <mask> was "overwhelmed". In accordance with her mother's will, <mask> was the beneficiary of Houston's entire estate including her clothing, jewelry, cars, personal effects, and furniture. The will provided for <mask> to receive trust fund payments in installments until she reached age 30, after which she was to receive the remainder of Houston's $115-million

masks: Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown


title: Bobbi Kristina Brown

texts:
 estate.In March 2012, <mask> said she felt her mother's spirit and expressed her intention to carry on her mother's legacy by doing the "singing thing," along with starting a career as an actor and dancer. She was subsequently cast in her acting debut for a recurring role as Tina the receptionist in Tyler Perry's For Better or Worse television series. Perry stated "She did a fantastic job. And that kid has a such a future. She's such an actor. I'm so proud of her. I'm telling you, as far as she wants to go in the business, she can."After rumors began <mask> had "tearfully exited the set" of the show, Perry came to her defense stating that had never happened. <mask> hoped to be cast in Angela Bassett's biographical film Whitney based on her mother. When Bassett did not cast her, <mask> called her a "bitch". Bassett said that she did not cast <mask> "for a number of reasons... she's not an actress, and acting is a craft". <mask> later apologized to Bassett on Twitter after generating controversy among fans. In July 2013, <mask> announced her engagement to a close family friend, Nick Gordon, who had come to live in the Houston household when he was 12 years old but was never formally adopted. The announcement caused controversy within the family; before making their romantic involvement known, <mask> had referred to him as her "big bruh" in online posts.<mask> said the couple received her grandmother Cissy's blessing prior to their engagement. Though the two never legally married, <mask> and Gordon announced they had married on January 9, 2014. Coma and death
On January 31, 2015, Gordon and a friend found <mask> face down in a bathtub in her home in Alpharetta, Georgia. They began CPR until emergency medical services personnel arrived. According to a police spokesperson, <mask> was alive and breathing


title: Bobbi Kristina Brown

texts:
 after being transported to North Fulton Hospital in Roswell, Georgia. At first, they found no evidence to indicate drugs or alcohol caused the incident, but this was later disputed. Doctors placed <mask> in an induced coma after determining her brain function was "significantly diminished", and her family was told a meaningful recovery would be "a miracle".<mask> died in hospice care on July 26, 2015, at age 22. Her death was considered similar to her mother's death, as both had died from effects of being submerged in a bathtub. The initial autopsy found no "obvious underlying cause of death and no significant injuries", and the Fulton County Medical Examiner's office said more tests were forthcoming. A statement released by the family thanked "everyone for their tremendous amount of love and support during these last few months". Several prominent celebrities offered their condolences, including <mask>, Oprah Winfrey, and Whitney Houston protegées Brandy and Monica. Funeral services were held August 1, 2015, at St. James United Methodist Church in Alpharetta, Georgia. <mask> was buried two days later between her mother and maternal grandfather at Fairview Cemetery in Westfield, New Jersey.Autopsy report
The Fulton County Medical Examiner's office said it used both medical records and police investigative files to arrive at a determination for <mask>'s cause of death. According to the statement, "marijuana, alcohol (ethanol), benzoylecgonine (a cocaine metabolite), benzodiazepines (medications used for sedation or to treat anxiety), and morphine" were found in the body. As to the cause of death, it found the "underlying cause" of death as "immersion associated with drug intoxication". However, the manner of death could not be confirmed. The summary statement read, "Death was clearly not due to

masks:
Brown
Brown
Chris Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Bobbi Kristina Brown

texts:
 natural causes, but the medical examiner was not able to determine whether death was due to intentional or accidental causes, and therefore classified the manner of death as undetermined." A final autopsy report determined <mask> died of lobar pneumonia. Posthumous films
After <mask>'s death, a television movie about her life was released, followed by a documentary on her and her mother.TV One released <mask> <mask> in 2017. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution wrote, "The story is ripe with melodrama as newcomer actress Joy Rovaris channels <mask> <mask>'s relationship with her mom, her love affair with Nick Gordon and the aftermath of her mother's death." Lifetime released the documentary Whitney Houston & Bobbi Kristina: Didn’t We Almost Have It All in 2021, which The Atlanta Journal-Constitution called "...less an exposé and more a loving tribute to these two women". Discography
<mask> spoke and sang in some of her mother's recordings and televised performances, as well as on a television show after her mother's death. Filmography

Notes

References

External links

1993 births
2015 deaths
20th-century African-American women singers
Participants in American reality television series
Singers from New Jersey
Burials in New Jersey
Death in Georgia (U.S. state)
Drug-related deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from pneumonia in Georgia (U.S. state)
Infectious disease deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Livingston, New Jersey
People with severe brain damage
People with hypoxic and ischemic brain injuries
People with disorders of consciousness
21st-century American actresses
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
21st-century American women musicians
21st-century American women singers
21st-century African-American women

masks: Brown Brown Bobbi Kristina Bobbi Kristina Brown


title: Jim McLay

texts:
Sir <mask>  (born 21 February 1945) is a New Zealand diplomat and former politician. He served as the ninth deputy prime minister of New Zealand from 15 March to 26 July 1984. <mask> was also Leader of the National Party and Leader of the Opposition from 29 November 1984 to 26 March 1986. Following his ousting as party leader, he retired from parliamentary politics in 1987. In June 2009, he became New Zealand's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. In May 2015, <mask> became New Zealand's Representative to the Palestinian Authority. From May 2016 to January 2017, he was New Zealand's Consul General in Honolulu.Early life
<mask> was born in Devonport, Auckland, the son of Robert and <mask>. Peter Wilkinson was his half-brother. He was educated at King's College, Auckland and the University of Auckland, gaining a law degree in 1967. He worked as a lawyer for some time, and also became involved in a number of law associations. In 1983 he married Marcy Farden, who was an assistant to American congressman Daniel Akaka. Member of Parliament

<mask> had joined the National Party in 1963, and held a number of prominent positions within the party's Auckland branch. He also served on the party's national council.In the 1975 election, he stood as the National Party's candidate for the Birkenhead electorate, and defeated the incumbent Labour MP, Norman King. King had been the local MP for 21 years and <mask>'s win was seen as a surprise result. Cabinet Minister

In Parliament, <mask> was known as one of the more liberal members of the National Party, and had a particular focus on reforming laws that related to women's rights. In 1978, Prime Minister Robert Muldoon appointed <mask> to the posts of Attorney General and Minister of Justice. In October and November 1980 <mask> was a leading member of

masks:
James Kenneth McLay
McLay
McLay
McLay
Joyce McLay
McLay
McLay
McLay
McLay
McLay


title: Jim McLay

texts:
 'the Colonels' (alongside Derek Quigley, <mask> and George Gair) who attempted to oust Muldoon as leader. In what became known as the Colonels' Coup after its originators it intended to supplant Muldoon with his deputy, Brian Talboys, who was more economically liberal and in tune with traditional National Party philosophy than Muldoon. The Colonels' waited until Muldoon was out of the country before moving against him, however Talboys was reluctant to challenge and the ploy failed with Muldoon remaining leader.Deputy Prime Minister
In early 1984, following the retirement of Duncan MacIntyre, <mask> became deputy leader of the National Party, and thus Deputy Prime Minister. He defeated fellow cabinet ministers <mask> and Bill Birch for the position, receiving a majority in the first caucus ballot. His elevation to the deputy leadership was thought to be a reflection of his youth and stance as a social and economic liberal which was seen as key at the time to blunt the growth of the incipient New Zealand Party which was making serious inroads among National's traditional support base. Likewise it placed him as the most likely person to inevitably replace Muldoon as leader. Leader of the Opposition

When National lost the 1984 election, there was widespread desire in the party for a leadership change. This desire came mainly from the younger and less conservative wing of the party, which saw Robert Muldoon as representing an era that had already passed. Muldoon, however, refused to leave the position voluntarily, thereby forcing a direct leadership challenge.The two main candidates in the leadership race (apart from Muldoon himself) were <mask> and <mask>r. <mask>, in distinct contrast to Muldoon, promoted free market economic policies and a relatively liberal social outlook. Bolger, meanwhile,

masks:
Jim Bolger
McLay
Jim Bolger
Jim McLay
Jim Bolge
McLay


title: Jim McLay

texts:
 was seen as a more traditionalist and pragmatic candidate but less conservative as Muldoon. <mask> won the caucus vote with slightly over half the votes. <mask>'s first major challenge was Muldoon himself. On his defeat, Muldoon refused to accept any portfolios offered him, thereby becoming a backbencher. <mask>'s attempts to give Muldoon an "elder statesman" role within the party were rebuffed, with Muldoon insisting on an active role.The relationship between <mask> and Muldoon deteriorated further, as <mask> outlined a major departure from Muldoon's interventionist economic policies. Muldoon's hostility was to prove a major problem for <mask>'s leadership, and undermined all attempts to promote unity within the party. Later, when Muldoon made a strong public criticism of the entire party leadership, Muldoon (along with loyalist Merv Wellington) was demoted to the lowest ranking within the National caucus. Muldoon, apparently realising that there was little chance of him regaining the leadership, threw his support behind Bolger, who remained opposed to <mask>. There was considerable media speculation that <mask> would be deposed before the end of 1985. The rumoured challenge, however, failed to happen, and <mask> remained leader. In early 1986, however, <mask> made a fatal mistake: in an attempt to "rejuvenate" the party's upper ranks, he demoted George Gair and Bill Birch, both of whom were highly respected for their long service.Gair and Birch had earlier been opponents of <mask>'s in the 1984 leadership election before they withdrew. Both of them, who were among National's most experienced politicians, quickly allied themselves with Bolger. From then on, <mask>'s fall was almost guaranteed. Ousting
On 26 March, Gair, Birch, and party whip Don McKinnon presented <mask> with a letter signed

masks: McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay


title: Jim McLay

texts:
 by a majority of MPs in the National Party caucus asking him to step aside. Bolger received a clear majority in the resulting caucus vote, ending <mask>'s leadership of the National Party. After his defeat he was appointed by Bolger as Shadow Minister of Justice and Shadow Attorney-General but given the relatively low caucus rank of 10 (below Muldoon at 8). This prompted him to retire at the .<mask> is one of three leaders of the National Party (along with Simon Bridges and Todd Muller) who neither became Prime Minister nor led the party to an election. After Parliament
<mask> retired from Parliament at the 1987 election. Between 1994 and 2002 he was the New Zealand representative on the International Whaling Commission. He served as chairman of the New Zealand Council for Infrastructure Development, an independent industry body which advances best practice in infrastructure development, investment and procurement, from 2005 to 2006 and remained as patron until 2009. Permanent Representative to the United Nations
In July 2009 <mask> took up the role of New Zealand's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. On 16 October 2014, <mask> led New Zealand to victory in the United Nations Security Council election for a temporary seat on the United Nations Security Council winning in the first round of voting with 145 votes out of a possible 193 beating both Spain and Turkey. <mask> took up New Zealand's seat on the United Nations Security Council on 1 January 2015.Representative to the Palestinian Authority
On 20 February 2015, it was announced that <mask> is to finish his role as Permanent Representative after the end of his second term. <mask> is set to become New Zealand's Representative to the Palestinian Authority, as well as being a special advisor to Minister of Foreign Affairs Murray

masks: McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay


title: Jim McLay

texts:
 McCully and, when required, a Prime Ministerial special envoy. Honours and awards

In 1977, <mask> was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal, and in 1990 he received the New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal. In 1993, he was awarded the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal. In the 1987 Queen's Birthday Honours, <mask> was appointed a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services. In the 2003 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to conservation, and in the 2015 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was promoted to Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to business and the State. In 2012, <mask> was awarded an honorary degree, a Doctor of Humane Letters, by Juniata College.Honorific eponym
The <mask> Glacier in Antarctica's Churchill Mountains is named in <mask>'s honour, in recognition of his service as the New Zealand representative on the International Whaling Commission during which he advocated for the establishment of a whale sanctuary in the Southern Ocean. Notes

References

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1945 births
Attorneys-General of New Zealand
Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit
Companions of the Queen's Service Order
Living people
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
New Zealand lawyers
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand National Party leaders
People educated at King's College, Auckland
People from Auckland
University of Auckland alumni
Permanent Representatives of New Zealand to the United Nations
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Recipients of the New Zealand Suffrage Centennial Medal 1993
New Zealand politicians awarded

masks: McLay McLay McLay McLay McLay


title: Larry Gagner

texts:
<mask> (born December 30, 1943) is a former professional football player who was an offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for parts of five seasons during the 1960s and 1970s. <mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio and grew up near Daytona Beach, Florida, where he was a multi-sport all-state athlete at Seabreeze High School. He choose to attend college at the University of Florida, where he played several positions on offense and defense for the Florida Gators under head coach Ray Graves. Gagner became a regular starter on the Gators' offensive line during his junior year in 1964. He was a two-time All-SEC guard and was a consensus All-American at that position during his senior year in 1965. Gagner was a second-round pick in the 1966 NFL Draft by the Pittsburgh Steelers of the NFL and became a part of the Steelers' offensive line rotation during his rookie year. He started 14 games with Pittsburgh and was named a team captain in 1969.His professional career was derailed by a near-fatal automobile accident in March 1970 near his home in Ormond Beach, Florida. Gagner was unable to play during the 1970 and 1971 seasons and finally returned to the field as a backup for the Kansas City Chiefs during the 1972 preseason. However, continued health issues hindered his performance, and he left the Chiefs prior to the regular season and did not sign with a team in 1973. He made a final return to action with the Jacksonville Sharks of the World Football League in 1974 and was a reserve lineman for the team for two years, after which the league folded. Gagner drew interest from some NFL and Canadian Football League teams before the 1976 season, but after failing two team physicals with lingering injuries, he decided to retire from football at the age of 32. After football, Gagner worked in several professions before becoming a successful artist. He lives and works in Tampa, Florida.Early life

<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio in 1943. He attended

masks:
Lawrence Joseph Gagner
Gagner
Gagner


title: Larry Gagner

texts:
 Seabreeze High School in Daytona Beach, Florida, where he was a standout two-way prep player for the Seabreeze Sandcrabs high school football team. The Sandcrabs posted a 19–2–1 overall win-loss record during Gagner's junior and senior years, and laid claim to the state football championship his junior year. In 2007, forty-six years after he graduated from high school, the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA) named Gagner to its "All-Century Team," recognizing him as one of the thirty-three greatest Florida high school football players of the last 100 years. College career

Gagner accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, and played for coach Ray Graves' Florida Gators football teams from 1963 to 1965. During his college career, Gagner primarily played offensive guard, but also appeared at center, defensive tackle, and linebacker due to his combination of strength and speed. He was a first-team All-Southeastern Conference (SEC) selection in 1964 and 1965, and a first-team All-American in 1965.As a senior lineman, Gagner participated in the 1966 Sugar Bowl, the Gators' first-ever major bowl appearance. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in fine arts in 1967, and was later inducted into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame as a "Gator Great." Professional career

Pittsburgh Steelers
Gagner was selected by the Pittsburgh Steelers in the second round (nineteenth pick overall) of the 1966 NFL Draft, and also by the Miami Dolphins in the third round (18th pick overall) of the 1966 American Football League (AFL) Draft. Gagner chose to sign with the Steelers for the then-staggering sum of $150,000, and played regularly at guard from  until , starting 14 games, regularly serving as a team captain, and being called Pittsburgh's "most consistent" offensive lineman. Automobile accident
In March 1970, <mask> was involved in a near-fatal traffic accident in his Porsche 911 while driving


title: Larry Gagner

texts:
 intoxicated near his home in Ormond Beach, Florida. He suffered multiple serious injuries, including a broken arm, lacerations that required over 30 stitches, a chipped left femur head, and a badly dislocated left hip, leaving him hospitalized for two months. He reported to the Steelers' training camp in July, but after one practice, the team doctor determined that Gagner had not recovered from his injuries and recommended that he postpone his return.Though the team put him on a physical therapy program, his hip continued to give him problems, and Gagner missed the entire  season. He was traded to the New York Giants in January 1971 but did not pass a physical exam, so the Giants put him on waivers. He signed with the Denver Broncos, who hoped that Gagner would be able to contribute after further rehabilitation. However, he never recovered sufficiently to make the active roster and missed the entire  season as well, after which he became a free agent. Later career
In , <mask> finally returned to the field as a reserve lineman for the Kansas City Chiefs. However, he was frustrated by his inability to perform as he had before the accident and decided to retire during the  preseason. <mask> came out of retirement in 1974, playing in a backup role for the Jacksonville franchise of the World Football League (WFL) for two truncated seasons.The WFL folded in 1975, and Gagner signed a free agent contract with the NFL's expansion Tampa Bay Buccaneers in March 1976. However, he did not pass a team physical and was released. He signed with the New Orleans Saints in May 1976, but was cut in early in the preseason. In one last attempt to continue his career, Gagner tried out for the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League, where the team doctor warned him that returning to the field would accelerate the degeneration of his injured hip. Following this advice, Gagner finally decided to retire. Overall, <mask>ner appeared in 60 regular season NFL games. Life

masks:
Gagner
Gagner
Larry Gag


title: Larry Gagner

texts:
 after football

After football, Gagner worked several different jobs, including as a taxi driver, security guard, and substitute teacher, before deciding to make use of his college degree in commercial art.He and his wife Doris live in the Seminole Heights neighborhood of Tampa, Florida, where he is a working artist, mainly in painting and sculpture. See also

 1965 College Football All-America Team
 Florida Gators football, 1960–69
 List of Florida Gators football All-Americans
 List of Florida Gators in the NFL Draft
 List of Kansas City Chiefs players
 List of Pittsburgh Steelers players
 List of University of Florida alumni
 University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame

References

Bibliography

 Carlson, Norm, University of Florida Football Vault: The History of the Florida Gators, Whitman Publishing, LLC, Atlanta, Georgia (2007).  .
 Golenbock, Peter, Go Gators! An Oral History of Florida's Pursuit of Gridiron Glory, Legends Publishing, LLC, St. Petersburg, Florida (2002).  .
 Hairston, Jack, Tales from the Gator Swamp: A Collection of the Greatest Gator Stories Ever Told, Sports Publishing, LLC, Champaign, Illinois (2002).  .
 McCarthy, Kevin M.,  Fightin' Gators: A History of University of Florida Football, Arcadia Publishing, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (2000).  .
 McEwen, Tom, The Gators: A Story of Florida Football, The Strode Publishers, Huntsville, Alabama (1974).  .
 Nash, Noel, ed., The Gainesville Sun Presents The Greatest Moments in Florida Gators Football, Sports Publishing, Inc., Champaign, Illinois (1998).  . External links
  LarryGagner.com – Official website for <mask>'s artworks. 1943 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American football offensive guards
Florida Gators football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Players of American football from Cleveland
Players of American football from Florida
Seabreeze High School alumni
American taxi drivers
Sportspeople from Daytona


title: Otto Muehl

texts:
<mask> (16 June 1925 – 26 May 2013) was an Austrian artist, who was known as one of the co-founders as well as a main participant of Viennese Actionism and for founding the Friedrichshof Commune. In 1943,  <mask> had to serve in the German Wehrmacht. There he registered for officer training. He was promoted to lieutenant, and in 1944 he took part on  infantry battles in the course of the Ardennes Offensive. After the war, he studied teaching German and History, and Pedagogy of Art at the Wiener Akademie der bildenden Künste. In 1972 he founded the Friedrichshof Commune, which has been viewed by some as an authoritarian sect, and that existed for several years before falling apart in the 1990s. In 1991, Muehl was convicted of sexual offences with minors and drugs offences  and sentenced to 7 years imprisonment.He was released in 1997, after serving six and a half  years, and set up a smaller commune in Portugal. After his release, he also published his memoirs from the prison (Aus dem Gefängnis). Viennese Actionism
In the 1960s, Muehl's aim was 'to overcome easel painting by representing its destruction process'. He made rhizomatic structures with scrap iron ("Gerümpelplastiken"), but soon proceeded to the "Aktion" in the vein of the New York Happenings. In 1962, when he was 37, the first "Aktion" "Die Blutorgel" was performed in Muehl's atelier on Perinetgasse by Muehl himself, Adolf Frohner, and Hermann Nitsch. The "Fest des psycho-physischen Naturalismus" and "Versumpfung einer Venus" followed in 1963. From 1964 to 1966, many "Malaktionen" were filmed by Kurt Kren and photographed by Ludwig Hoffenreich.In 1966, a new concept of

masks:
Otto Muehl
Muehl


title: Otto Muehl

texts:
 Aktion was developed with Günter Brus: instead of the canvas, the body became the scene of action. In 1968, <mask>, Brus, and Oswald Wiener organized an Aktionsveranstaltung titled Kunst und Revolution in the University of Vienna, which caused a scandal in the press; they were arrested and Brus emigrated to Berlin. From art to life

Gradually, Muehl began to distance himself from "Aktion". He regarded the "happening as a bourgeois art form, mere art". The "transition from art to life" resulted in the founding of the Friedrichshof commune as a kind of anti-society. The declared aim was the destruction of bourgeois marriage and private property, free love, and collective education of the children. In 1974 he played a small role as a member of an anarchic/therapy commune in Dusan Makavejev's Sweet Movie.In the eighties, tensions within the commune increased until they culminated in a revolt. When, on top of that, Muehl was arrested and imprisoned in 1991, the commune fell apart. In 1998, Muehl moved to Faro, Portugal to live in a new commune experiment. Muehl's authoritarianism at Friedrichshof commune

Critics such as former community member Andreas Schlothauer point to Muehl's strong authoritarian tendencies. For example, Muehl did not expose himself to the rituals of the Aktionsanalyse. He required members to crush the "body armor" (after Wilhelm Reich) and in some individual cases he experimented with the so-called “Watschenanalyse” ("slapping analysis"). He also created a "structure", in which all community members were placed in a hierarchical pecking order by numbering them.He established a "first wife" and prepared his son


title: Otto Muehl

texts:
 have sex?” (FAZ, 22 February 2004)
 "I'm not a child molester.This is nonsense. The girls were all developed. "(DIE ZEIT, 26 February 2004)
 "The statement of young people in the courtroom at that time made me speechless. I wanted to free them, but instead, I overwhelmed and offended them with sexual transgression. It definitely was not my intention. I hope they forgive me." Further reading
 Aus dem Gefängnis, Klagenfurt, Ritter-Verlag, 1997
 7, (Exhibition catalogue) MAK Vienna, 1998.Impossible: The <mask> Story by William Levy, New York: Barany Artists, 2001
 Leben/Kunst/Werk (Exhibition catalogue), MAK/ König; Vienna/ Köln, 2004
 Writings of the Vienna Actionists, by Malcolm Green, London, Atlas Press, 1999 ()

Filmography

References

External links
 <mask>l-Website
 <mask>l biographical overview and essay about Muehl and the commune Friedrichshof, written by Stefan Beyst, (August 2002)
  An interview with Otto Muehl
 Films by <mask> at UbuWeb
 Thomas Dreher: <mask>l: Material Actions Nr.16 and 17, 1965 In German, with 20 illustrations (all photo prints of <mask>l's documentation "Bimmel Bammel" in the Archive Sohm, Staatsgalerie Stuttgart)

1925 births
2013 deaths
Austrian film directors
20th-century Austrian painters
20th-century male artists
Austrian male painters
21st-century Austrian painters
21st-century male artists
German-language film directors
Modern painters
People convicted of drug offenses
Austrian people convicted of child sexual abuse
People from Oberwart District
Obscenity controversies in film
Obscenity controversies in art
Controversies in Austria
Austrian contemporary artists
Austrian experimental

masks:
Otto Muehl
Otto Mueh
Otto Mueh
Otto Muehl
Otto Mueh
Otto Mueh


title: Diane Swanson

texts:
<mask> (born 5 April 1944) is a Canadian writer of science books for children. Biography
<mask> was born and raised in Lethbridge, Alberta. As a child, she and her terrier Sammy would spend summers looking for ladybugs and spiders outside. She graduated from the University of Alberta with an Honors Bachelor of Arts in the social sciences. She taught in the West Indies for two years. She researched water resources for the Canadian government while living in Ottawa. <mask>'s first book was published when she was 18.She has written over 70 books and 450 magazine articles. <mask> lives in Victoria, British Columbia. Her hobbies are hiking, piano-playing, and reading. She is married and has two children. Reception

The Toronto Globe and Mail described Swanson's A Crash of Rhinos, A Party of Jays as providing "a cheerfully educational vantage point from which to view the natural world and its denizens". Booklist called it "part science and part English lesson", deeming it "great for individual or classroom consumption". The Globe and Mail called The Wonder in Water a "well-laid-out and attractively illustrated book".Nzong Xiong, writing for The Fresno Bee, described The Dentist & You as an "easy-to-read" book designed to help make dentist visits for children ages 4 to 7 "easier and less fearful". Resource Links found it to be useful for "parents wanting to prepare their children for their first visit to the dentist" or teachers, but found the book "a bit too long and detailed" for the target audience. School Library Journal, however, tagged it as "excellent in relation to other titles on the same subject". Buffalo Sunrise was called "a full-bodied photo essay" and an "exemplary book" that "ably" recounts the history of the American buffalo by the San Francisco Chronicle. Booklist called it "a useful resource for middle-graders". Reviewing Alligators and Crocodiles, Frogs and Toads and Penguins from the Welcome to the World of Animals series for the School Library

masks:
Diane Swanson
Swanson
Swanson
Swanson


title: Sergen Yalçın

texts: <mask>n (born 5 November 1972), known as <mask>n, is a Turkish football commentator, coach and former international footballer who played as a midfielder. Coming through the Beşiktaş Youth Infrastructure which he entered at the age of 10, he broke into the first team for which he played for 15 years. He said that Serpil Hamdi Tüzün, who watched Sergen for 15 seconds and brought him to Beşiktaş, drew 10 goal positions every day in line with his directive and applied them. He took part in the squad which was the "Undefeated Champion" in 1992. Turkey, 1993 Mediterranean Games France U21 team in the semifinals, was the owner of the gold medal finals, defeating Algeria. In 1997, he transferred to Istanbulspor with a record transfer fee. Wearing the uniform of the four largest in Turkey is the first of the two players.In 2000, The Guardian newspaper said, "He has an invaluable left foot, he can even put the ball in an ashtray 60 meters away." He also stated that Newcastle United coach Bobby Robson was a fan of Sergen Yalçın. In his album "On the Bosphorus" by jazz musician Önder Focan, he was inspired by producing "Negres" (reverse Sergen). Returned to Beşiktaş in 2002. Beşiktaş's top goal scorer of the squad which, became the champion in its 100th year. In the match played between Beşiktaş and Galatasaray in the 33rd week of the season, he scored the goal that brought the 100th year championship, and he realized the classic saying of Ercan Taner; "Sergen scored, championship came". He was selected as one of the best footballers of 100 years in 2003 as a result of the votes cast by the directors, media representatives and fans who were members of the Board of Directors, and the Board of Directors at Beşiktaş JK.In 2003 Player of the

masks:
Ali Rıza Sergen Yalçı
Sergen Yalçı


title: Sergen Yalçın

texts:
 Year in Turkey has been selected. October 1, 2003 Chelsea-Besiktas in the Champions League group game <mask> Yalcin's 2 goals led the throw to break a lot of records Besiktas and Turkey. In the 2003-04 season, with the Beşiktaş shirt, he got close to the penalty bow against Çaykur Rizespor with the ball he won from the back of the middle field and completed with a scoring goal with İlhan Mansız, he won the "Goal of the Year" award. He came to Besiktas in 2002 and left in 2006. He became one of the rare midfielder players, who exceeded 100 goals in the league. From the British press, in September 2017 These Football Times published an article entitled "Sergen Yalçın: The man who could have been the world's best." He is the coach of Beşiktaş JK.He became the first name to become a champion in the Süper Lig as a football player and coach in Beşiktaş. Childhood and early years
Ali Rıza <mask> Yalçın opened his eyes to the world as the first child of Günsel-Özer Yalçın couple in Kilyos town of Istanbul on November 5, 1972. Two more brothers, first Gürsoy and then Volkan, were born after him. He met football before he went to school on the beaches of Kilyos. Like Sergen, father Özer Yalçın was a footballer and he soon realized his son's interest in football and his special talent at the age of children. Taking to Beşiktaş for the auditions, Özer Yalçın entrusts the little Sergen to the palms of Serpil Hamdi Tuzun. However, Özer Yalçın, who was working at the hotel at that time, took Sergen to training.Later, little Sergen, who started secondary school, starts to go and come on his own. Club career

Sergen began at Beşiktaş JK in 1991, and quickly became renowned for his skill and creativity. His first spell at the club saw him score 46

masks: Sergen Sergen


title: Sergen Yalçın

texts: never yet played for a club outside Istanbul and it was believed that removing him from the distractions of the big city would do good for his appalling disciplinary record. Ironically, it was the most unsuccessful season of his career. At the season's end, Trabzonspor did not wish to extend his loan deal.Fatih Terim gave up on him at Galatasaray. Zdenek Zeman could not work with him at Fenerbahçe. He publicly criticised former national coach Mustafa Denizli after Euro 2000. British coach Gordon Milne worked with him at Beşiktaş and he too despaired of trying to get Sergen – and his magical left foot to the training ground on time. It was thought to be the end of <mask> Yalcin, the great enfant terrible of Turkish football. Ahead of the 2001–2002 season, Galatasaray manager Mircea Lucescu took a gamble and signed Sergen on loan (still from Siirt-Jet). He cast Sergen as the natural successor to Gheorghe Hagi.The move was rewarded as Sergen repaid his manager's faith by starring in the UEFA Champions League with 2 goals and 2 assists as Galatasaray progressed to the second group stage. Unfortunately, Sergen tore his knee ligaments and would miss the rest of the season. He was told to lose weight or never play football again. After elimination from the UEFA Champions League, Lucescu remained insistent that if Sergen had remained fit, Galatasaray would have gone on to win the tournament. Galatasaray did still go on to win the league title. In the 2002–2003 season, after years of wandering, Sergen returned home to Beşiktaş. Sergen was signed on a permanent deal by Lucescu, who had also moved to Beşiktaş.Under the tutelage of Lucescu, some whispered that, perhaps, the talent had been tamed. Sergen was finally maturing to fulfill some


title: Sergen Yalçın

texts:
 of his long-lost potential. Beşiktaş won the league, with Sergen the key instigator. The 2003–2004 season would see Beşiktaş' re-entry to the Champions League where Sergen was to feature in arguably the most memorable match of his career. Roman Abramovich became the owner of the English club, Chelsea FC, spending £112m on quality transfers. Chelsea's 'invincibles' were undefeated under the Abramovich-era ahead of the match with Beşiktaş, which was played at Stamford Bridge. With the odds stacked against them, Beşiktaş shocked the footballing world by winning 0–2, both goals courtesy of Sergen.Beşiktaş were eliminated in the group stage, but Sergen once again proved his class by scoring 2 goals and providing 3 assists in the six matches. He continued playing in Beşiktaş for another two years, becoming a fan-favourite of the club. Before the 2006–2007 season, manager Jean Tigana did not see Sergen as part of his future plans and therefore, Beşiktaş terminated his contract with immediate effect. This enraged the fans, as Sergen was their greatest symbolic icon. Upon his departure, he stated that he would always be a Beşiktaş fan. He spent that season at lowly Etimesgut Şekerspor in the TFF Second League, before moving to Eskişehirspor of the TFF First League, retiring at the end of 2007–08 as his team achieved promotion to the top flight. When Sergen was asked why he never moved to Europe, he simply replied, "If I was 20 again, I would leave Turkey within 3 days."International career

<mask> made his debut in a friendly game against F.Y.R. Macedonia in 1994. He would represent his nation in Euro 1996 and 2000, but injury prevented him from featuring at the FIFA World Cup in 2002. For the Turkish national team, Sergen scored 5 goals


title: Sergen Yalçın

texts:
 produced another man of the match performance.Turkey opened their Euro 2000 campaign with a controversial 2–1 defeat to Italy. The Guardian writer Ian Ross recalled the game. It was his assist from a nicely flighted free-kick from which Turkey scored. Surprisingly, Sergen then came on as a substitute in their 0–0 draw with Sweden, and he didn't feature at all during the 2–0 victory over Belgium. In the quarter-finals, Sergen came on in the final few minutes as Turkey were defeated by Portugal. Sergen heavily criticised Denizli for not starting him in all of the matches, "He's got problems, he's not all there in the head. Don't ask me why I didn't play, ask him."FIFA World Cup 2002
Sergen missed most of 2002 FIFA World Cup qualification due to his dismal performances at club level. His transfer to Galatasaray and performances in the UEFA Champions League allowed him back into the team and he featured in the 5–0 thrashing of Austria to qualify for the World Cup. Tragically though Sergen had injured himself prior to the tournament and did not feature. Euro 2004

Sergen again wasn't involved in most of the Euro 2004 qualification campaign, but due to his memorable performance against Chelsea, he was selected for the crucial final qualifying match against England. It was his final match for Turkey, which ended 0–0. Due to injury, he did not feature in the play-off ties against Latvia as Turkey were defeated. Managerial career
He has signed a contract with Gaziantepspor for one and a half year after former manager.In 2021 <mask> returned to Besiktas as manager. He secured the Turkish Premier League title for Besiktas,completing his career first wins at the club. Statistics

Club

International goals

Managerial

Honours

Player


title: J. B. Fagan

texts:
<mask> (18 May 1873 – 17 February 1933) was an Irish-born actor, theatre manager, producer and playwright in England. After turning from the law to the stage, <mask> began an acting career, including four years from 1895 to 1899 with <mask>'s company at Her Majesty's Theatre. He then began writing plays, returning eventually to acting during World War I. In 1920 he took over London's Court Theatre as a Shakespearean playhouse and soon began to produce plays at other West End theatres. His adaptation of Treasure Island in 1922 was a hit and became an annual Christmas event. He was the first manager of the Oxford Playhouse for several years in the 1920s. As a producer, he popularised Anton Chekhov and Seán O'Casey in Britain.In 1929, he was a director of the Festival Theatre, Cambridge. Several of his plays were adapted for film, and he moved to Hollywood in his last years. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Belfast, the eldest of the five children (three boys and two girls). His father, Sir <mask>, was a surgeon at the Belfast Royal Hospital and an inspector of Irish reformatories, and his mother was Mary Catherine <mask>, née Hughes. He attended Clongowes Wood College near Clane, County Kildare and then moved to England. Initially interested in a career in the church, <mask> began studying law at Trinity College, Oxford in 1892 but left in 1893 without a degree. He worked for a time in the Indian Civil Service but abandoned this career for the stage.<mask> began his career as an actor with the company of Sir <mask> for two years, then joining, from 1895 to 1899, the company of <mask>bohm Tree at Her Majesty's Theatre. There he appeared in Katherine and Petruchio, A Man's Shadow, Julius Caesar, The Musketeers and Carnac Sahib. He started writing plays in 1899, with The Rebels, for the time forsaking acting.

masks:
James Bernard Fagan
Fagan
Herbert Beerhm Tree
Fagan
James Fagan
Fagan
Fagan
Fagan
Frank Benson
Herbert Beer