title: Anthony Firkser

texts:
 coach Tim Murphy at Harvard on October 17, 2012. College statistics

<mask> saw his first collegiate action in 2014 as a sophomore. He appeared in 10 games for Harvard and made 32 catches for 485 yards.His four touchdown receptions tied for first on the team and he ranked second on the team in both catches and yards. After the season, <mask> was named to the All-Ivy second team. Firkser started nine games and caught 22 passes for 372 yards and three touchdowns in 2015 as a junior. For the second consecutive season, he was named to the All-Ivy League second team. As a senior in 2016, Firkser started all 10 games for Harvard and made 45 receptions for 702 yards and seven touchdowns. He was named to the All-Ivy League first team. At the conclusion of his collegiate career, Firkser ranked 12th all-time in school history in receptions, ninth all-time in receiving yards, and sixth all-time in touchdown receptions.He graduated from Harvard in 2017 with a degree in applied mathematics. During the 2018 offseason, Firkser participated in actuarial credential exams in hopes of potentially pursuing a post-football career as an actuary. Professional career
Coming into the 2017 NFL Draft, scouting reports projected Firkser to best fit with an NFL team in a role of a fullback/tight end hybrid player. Scouts believed Firkser was tough, intelligent, and relatively athletic. Scouts also praised him for his ability to quickly get into pass routes and adjust to errant throws. However, scouts negatively viewed him as possessing just average size and questioned his strength as a blocker. On March 19, 2017, Firkser participated in the Harvard Pro Day, an event at which Harvard football players demonstrate their skills to an audience of NFL scouts and coaches.Nearly half of the NFL teams attended this event. New York Jets
<mask> signed with the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent on May 5, 2017. He was waived by the Jets on September 2, 2017. Kansas City Chiefs
On November 29, 2017, <mask>

masks: Firkser Firkser Firkser Firkser


title: Anthony Firkser

type: original

texts:
 was signed to the Kansas City Chiefs' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract with the Chiefs on January 8, 2018. He was waived on April 30, 2018. Tennessee Titans
On May 14, 2018, Firkser was signed by the Tennessee Titans.2018 season

In the preseason, <mask> was second on the team in both receptions (10) and receiving yards (108). On September 1, 2018, he was named to the Titans' initial 53-man roster. He was waived by the Titans on September 17, and was re-signed to the practice squad the next day. He was promoted to the active roster on October 8. On October 14, 2018, <mask> caught his first NFL reception in a Week 6 loss against the Baltimore Ravens. On December 2, <mask> scored his first NFL career touchdown on a 12-yard reception from Marcus Mariota in a 26–22 Week 13 victory against the New York Jets. Firkser finished the 2018 season with 19 receptions for 225 yards and a touchdown.2019 season

<mask> began the season as one of four tight ends on the Titans opening day roster along with veterans Delanie Walker, Jonnu Smith, and MyCole Pruitt. For the first six weeks of the regular season, Firkser played sparingly and was even a healthy inactive in Week 4. During that six-week span, he caught only one pass for 25 yards. After Walker was later placed on injured reserve, Firkser played a larger role in the Titans offense. During Week 10 against the Kansas City Chiefs, he caught three receptions for 36 yards and his only touchdown of the regular season as the Titans won by a score of 35–32. Firkser finished the 2019 season with 14 receptions for 204 yards and a touchdown. Ironically, Firkser's first two career touchdowns were against the Jets and Chiefs – the two teams that had previously waived him.The Titans finished the regular season with a 9–7 record and were the sixth seed in the AFC playoffs. <mask> played his first postseason game on January 4, 2020, against the defending Super Bowl champions, the New England Patriots. In that game, he caught two

masks: Firkser Firkser Firkser Firkser Firkser


title: Anthony Firkser

texts:
 passes for 23 yards and a touchdown in the Titans 20–13 upset victory. With the touchdown, he became the first player from Harvard to score a touchdown in an NFL postseason game. <mask>'s final reception of the season was also the final touchdown of the Titans 2019 season. He caught a 22-yard touchdown pass in the fourth quarter of the AFC Championship Game in a 35–24 loss to the Chiefs. 2020 season
On February 13, 2020, Firkser signed a one-year extension with the Titans.On October 18, Firkser recorded his first career 100-yard receiving game and his first touchdown of the 2020 season in a 42–36 overtime victory against the Houston Texans. He caught eight of nine  targets from Titans quarterback Ryan Tannehill for 113 yards including a seven-yard touchdown in the first quarter. Firkser finished the 2020 season with 39 receptions for 387 yards and one touchdown. 2021 season
On March 17, 2021, <mask> re-signed with the Titans on a one-year deal. In the 2021 season, Firkser finished with 34 receptions for 291 receiving yards and two touchdowns. NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Personal life
Firkser volunteers with his former high school football coach to help train and give advice to aspiring young football players in his hometown community of Manalapan. He enjoys pencil drawings, jigsaw puzzles and playing online collectible card games.His brother, Josh, played football at Wagner. See also
List of select Jewish football players

References

External links
Tennessee Titans bio
Harvard Crimson bio

1995 births
Living people
American football tight ends
Harvard Crimson football players
Manalapan High School alumni
People from Manalapan Township, New Jersey
Players of American football from New Jersey
Sportspeople from Monmouth County, New Jersey
Tennessee Titans players
Jewish American sportspeople
Maccabiah Games basketball players of the United States
Maccabiah Games gold medalists for the United States
Jewish men's basketball players
21st-century American

masks: Firkser Firkser


title: Brígida Baltar

texts:
<mask> (Rio de Janeiro, born in 1959) is a Brazilian visual artist. Baltar works with actions, sculpture and drawings among other media. She is interested in capturing the ephemeral in her artwork. <mask> was born in 1959 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where she still lives and works. Her career began in the 1990s, often working with primordial elements, such as the material she took from her own house in the neighborhood of Botafogo. In recent years, Baltar’s work was shown in institutions throughout Brazil and in the United States, Japan and Argentina, and other countries. She also took part in important group shows, such as The Peripatetic School – Itinerant Drawing From Latin America (2011), which premiered at the Drawing Room in London, and then toured to several other venues.She participated in important Biennials, such as the I Biennial of the Americas, Denver (USA) (2010); 25a Bienal Internacional de São Paulo (2002); V Bienal de la Habana (1994); 12a Bienal do Mercosul (2020). Her work is featured in important public collections such as MOCA Cleveland (USA); Blumenthal Collection (Boston, USA); MIMA Museum (Middlesbrough, United Kingdom); Coleccíon Copel, CIAC (México); Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo (São Paulo, Brazil); MAC-USP, Museu de Arte Contemporânea USP (São Paulo, Brazil); Itaú Cultural (São Paulo, Brazil); Fundação Joaquim Nabuco (Recife, Brazil); Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Works
Baltar's artistic career began in the 1990s and crosses many different mediums. Brígida Baltar started from her home, where she would gather drops of

masks:
Brígida Baltar
Brígida Baltar


title: Lucie Odier

texts:
<mask> (7 September 1886, Geneva – 6 December 1984, Geneva) was a Swiss nurse from a Patrician family background. She became a leading expert at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) for relief actions to civilians. As only the fourth female member of the ICRC's governing body <mask> helped to pave the way towards gender equality in the organisation which itself has historically been a pioneer of international humanitarian law. During the Second World War she became an outspoken advocate inside the ICRC leadership to publicly denounce Nazi Germany's system of extermination and concentration camps. After her resignation as a member for age reasons in 1961 she was appointed as the first female honorary vice-president of the ICRC. Life

Family background and education

On the paternal side, <mask> hailed from a family of Huguenot background from Pont-en-Royans in the Dauphiné region of southeastern France, which was  a center of Protestantism in the 16th century. When the 1598 Edict of Nantes, which had restored some civil rights to the Huguenots, was revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, some 20,000 Protestants fled from Dauphiné in the following years, amongst them <mask>, Lucie's great-great-great-grandfather.As a teenager, he acquired the citizenship of the Republic of Geneva in 1714 where he started working as a merchant. Some of his descendants became politicians, amongst them Lucie's uncle Édouard <mask> (1844-1919), who was elected a member of the Council of States and of the National Council. Lucie's father was Albert Octave <mask> (1845-1928), a civil engineer working first at the Western Switzerland railways and then in a leading position at the municipality of Geneva. There he was responsible for the reconstruction of a number of bridges linking the Île de Genève and the Île Rousseau in the middle of the Rhone, which are still landmarks today. Lucie's mother Camille Jeanne Louise Chaponnière (1856-1927) came from Marseille, where Lucie's Genevan grandfather was a trader and judge at the commercial court. Lucie was the

masks:
Lucie Odier
Odier
Odier
Antoine Odier
Odier
Odier


title: Lucie Odier

texts:
 fifth of the seven children that Albert and Camille had. She was part of Geneva's patrician class which «turned to banking and philanthropic activities at the end of the 19th century, after losing control of the major public offices».The <mask> family played a particularly important role in Geneva's financial sector thanks to marriages with other Patrician families and especially since <mask> (1804–81) became associated with the bank Lombard, Bonna & Cie in 1830, which later became Lombard, Odier & Cie.However, numerous other members of the family became medical doctors and nurses. While <mask> <mask> attended Geneva's Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1911, she subsequently followed in that medical tradition and obtained her nursing diploma in 1914 from the School of the Samaritans. World War I

Shortly after the outbreak of the First World War in July 1914, <mask> <mask> upon the recommendation of the Genevan orthopedist Alfred Machard (not to be confused with the namesake French writer and actor) started working in a leading position as a nurse in the military hospital Grand Cercle at Aix-les-Bains, a commune in the French department of Savoie, some 70 km south of Geneva. The auxiliary hospitals in the town not only provided care to French soldiers, but also to members of the U.S. Army. In December 1914, she went back to Geneva to treat those who returned there with war injuries, since thousands of Swiss volunteers had joined the French army. In addition, she tended to Prisoners of War, who were interned in Switzerland because they were either seriously ill or wounded or relatively old. She also took up tasks concerning the care for civilian refugees.After the outbreak of the Spanish Flu, she dedicated herself to the care of its victims as well. Between the World Wars

In 1920, <mask> was assigned to lead the social hygiene dispensary of Geneva's Red Cross section. It aimed to contain the spread of sexually transmissible diseases through sex education and the regulation of prostitution. Odier also engaged in child welfare for the poorest

masks:
Odier
Charles Odier
Lucie
Odier
Lucie
Odier
Odier


title: Lucie Odier

texts:
 groups of Geneva's population. In addition, she led the visiting nurses service. From these activities she was obviously drawn to the ICRC to follow in the footsteps of her uncle Édouard <mask>. The jurist was one of its founding members, since he joined the organisation in 1874 barely a decade after its founding, eventually became vice-president of the ICRC and was also a personal friend of its president Gustave Ador:

During the first phase of the Chinese Civil War (1927–1936), <mask> directed the relief actions which the ICRC undertook in that conflict.In July 1929, she represented the ICRC at the congress of the International Council of Nurses – founded in 1899 as the first international organization for health care professionals and headquartered in Geneva – in Montreal. In early 1930, <mask> was elected as a member of the ICRC. She was only the fourth woman to be part of the governing body after Marguerite Frick-Cramer, Pauline Chaponnière-Chaix and Suzanne Ferrière. In October 1934, <mask> travelled along with Frick-Cramer and another fellow female ICRC-pioneer – Marguerite van Berchem – to Tokyo to represent the ICRC at the 15th international conference of the Red Cross Movement, where Frick-Cramer presented the draft text of a convention to grant civilian detainees at least the same protections as POWs. The conference accepted the recommendations and commissioned the ICRC to organise a diplomatic conference, which could not take place though due to objections from the British and French governments. <mask> also became an active member of the Florence Nightingale Foundation, soon after it was founded in 1934 to provide post-graduate education to nurses in commemoration of Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), the English social reformer and founder of modern nursing. During the Fascist war of aggression of the Second Italo-Ethiopian War (1935-1937) <mask> was the only woman involved in the Ethiopia operations of the ICRC.When it received information in April 1936 from the delegate and medical doctor Marcel Junod about the use of

masks: Odier Odier Odier Odier Odier Odier


title: Lucie Odier

texts:
 Italian chemical weapons in Korem, <mask> was part of the group that pushed to denounce the chemical warfare publicly. She made preprations to do so, but at last the legalist faction of ICRC President Max Huber prevailed and only a «timid and excessively polite» letter was sent to the Italian Red Cross. A few days after the Anschluss – the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938 – <mask> received from the exiled Austrian Princess Nora von Starhemberg, who was a Jewish actress and married to former Vice-Chancellor Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, a list with the names of 49 missing and/or detained people. However, President Huber stopped all efforts by <mask> and her colleague Suzanne Ferrière to request information about the disappeared from the German Red Cross. During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), <mask> directed all the relief actions which the ICRC undertook in that conflict, working closely with Renée Bordier, who was likewise a nurse hailing from a prominent Patrician family of bankers (Bordier & Cie) and became the fifth-ever female ICRC-member in 1938. In June of that year, <mask> represented the ICRC at the 16th International Red Cross Conference in London,  where the two rival Spanish Red Cross Societies participated. World War II
At the beginning of the Second World War <mask> set up the and led the relief bureau and subsequently the relief division.In August 1940, Odier flew with Marcel Junod to London, risking their lifes in the middle of the Battle of Britain. There they toured for two weeks British camps for POWs and civilian detainees. Upon her return she reported that the British authorities lost all confidence in the effective application of the Geneva conventions by their Axis adversaries. Nevertheless, she managed to convince them to lift a blockade on foodstuffs destined to the POWs in Germany. In December 1940, Odier and fellow ICRC member Martin Bodmer travelled to Berlin to discuss principal issues with the German Red Cross, the Foreign Office and the High Command of the Wehrmacht

Odier


title: Lucie Odier

texts:
 was widely considered to belong to the idealists within the ICRC leadership who gradually lost influence vis-à-vis the "pragmatists". The latter were led by Huber, who at the same time did private business in the arms industry. In contrast, when it came to Odier,«Her colleagues appreciated her humanitarian spirit, devotion, common sense, courage and tenacity.These qualities made her not an accommodating but a rather challenging member. Carl Jacob Burckhardt considered her as 'unintelligent and dangerously obstinate in delicate affairs'. [..] Odier courageously questioned several times a line of action which did not seem right to her, especially when legal considerations were overriding general humanitarian concerns.»
According to the historian Jean-Claude Favez, <mask> was one of the ICRC members who were informed in August / September 1942 by Gerhart Riegner, the Secretary of the World Jewish Congress in Geneva, about alarming reports on Nazi Germany's intention to mass murder the European Jews. By autumn of that year, the ICRC leadership received more information about the systematic extermination of Jews by Nazi Germany in Eastern Europe, the so-called Final Solution. A large majority of the ICRC's about two dozen members at its general assembly on 14 October 1942 – especially its four female members Frick-Cramer, <mask>, Ferrière, and Bordier  –  was in favour of a public protest. <mask> stated:«if we do nothing, we will compromise our post-war activities, as our silence could be interpreted as acceptance»However, Burckhardt –  who went on to become the ICRC president in 1944 – and Switzerland's President Philipp Etter firmly denied that request. <mask> later admitted that each member of the Committee suffered from this silence.Subsequently, her standing inside the organisation was diminished: when the executive committee established a department for special assistance to civilian detainees, <mask> as well as her fellow experts Ferrière and Frick-Cramer were left out of it. In early 1943, <mask> and Ferrière conducted a joint


title: Lucie Odier

texts:
 mission to the Middle East and Africa to assess the situation of civilian detainees. Their tour of three months duration included stops in Istanbul, Ankara, Cairo, Jerusalem, Beirut, Johannesburg, Salisbury, and Nairobi. In the same year she visited Berlin, when the German capital was subject to one of the first large-scale air raids by the allied forces. In late 1944, the Norwegian Nobel Committee announced that it awarded the ICRC its second Nobel Peace Prize after 1917. As in World War I, it was the only recipient during the war years. While the then leadership of the ICRC was later sharply criticized for not publicly denouncing Nazi Germany, <mask> all the more made her distinct contribution to what the Nobel Committee credited the ICRC with, i.e.«the great work it has performed during the war on behalf of humanity.»

Post-WWII

Still in 1945, at the end of the Second World War, <mask> went to Northern Italy to provide assistance to hospitals for taking care of returning refugees.When thousands of former POWs and civilians, who had been taken to Germany as slave labourers, were caught in a sudden cold spell at the Brenner Pass while crossing the alps, <mask> mangaged to organise a convoy with medical help for them. In the following years, she continued to focus on issues concerning the recruitment and training of nurses and of voluntary nursing auxiliaries as well as on medical equipment, including editing a number of publications in several languages. In addition, she extended her commitment to questions on the rehabilitation of disabled people. In August 1948, Odier represented the ICRC at the Seventeenth International Conference in Stockholm. Four years later, in July and August 1952, she participated in the Eighteenth International Red Cross Conference in Toronto. And«She contributed much to strengthen the ICRC's links with nursing associations which looked upon her as a model and a guide.»In 1960, <mask> received the gold medal of the ICRC as only the third person ever, after Huber and Jacques Cheneviére. In the following

masks: Odier Odier Odier Odier


title: Lucie Odier

texts:
 year, she announced her resignation as a member of the ICRC for age reasons.She was subsequently elected not only as an honorary member of the ICRC but also as its honorary vice-president. In 1963, the ICRC received its third Nobel Peace Prize after 1917 and 1944, making it the only organisation to be honoured thrice. It may be argued that <mask> contributed to this award as well. <mask> lived in Geneva's affluent Rue de l'Athénée until her eighties and then moved into the mansion of the Bern deaconesses in Presinge, a municipality in the rural northeastern part of the canton of Geneva. When she died in her 99th year, the Journal de Genève called her the «grande dame» of the ICRC. The International Review of the Red Cross wrote in its obituary:«All who had the privilege of knowing and working with this great lady praised her dedication, perseverance, enthusiasm, unaffected manner and courage, and remember her with affection and gratitude.»On the occasion of the 100th birthday, the Journal de Genève published a tribute to <mask> which stressed her «extreme humility». <mask> is buried in Cologny – one of the most affluent municipalities in the Canton of Geneva – where also other former ICRC colleagues like Gustave Ador and Gautier-van Berchem have their graves.Her gravestone bears a verse from 1 John 2:10:CELUI QUI AIME SON FRÈRE DEMEURE DANS LA LUMIÈRE  ("Whoever loves his brother remains in the light")

Selected works

 Some advice to nurses and other members of the medical services of the armed forces, Geneva 1951
 Medical personnel assigned to the care of the wounded and sick in the armed forces (training, duties, status and terms of enrolment), Geneva 1953

External links

 Correspondence between <mask> <mask> and Carl Jacob Burckhardt - 17 letters written in French between 1941 and 1965 - from Burckhardt's bequest at the library of the University of Basel
<mask> <mask> in the Dodis data bank of the Diplomatic Documents of Switzerland

References

1886 births
1984 deaths
People from Geneva
Red Cross personnel
Huguenots
Nursing

masks: Odier Odier Odier Odier Lucie Odier Lucie Odier


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
<mask> (May 16, 1917 – January 28, 1982) (Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate) was a U.S. Army National Guard combat veteran of both World War II and the Korean War. In 2008 he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for heroic actions during the Korean War. He was a full-blooded member of the people of the Lake Traverse Reservation, a federally recognized tribe of Dakota people. On March 3, 2008, following a long campaign by his family and the congressional delegations of both North and South Dakota, President George W. Bush posthumously awarded Keeble the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions on October 20, 1951, in the Korean War. Keeble had previously been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross for these actions in 1952. He was wounded at least twice in World War II and three times in Korea, but he had received only two Purple Hearts for these injuries; later he was credited with four Purple Hearts. Early life
Keeble was born on May 16, 1917, in Waubay, South Dakota, to Isaac and Nancy (née Shaker) <mask>, members of the Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate.While still very young, he moved with them to Wahpeton, North Dakota, where his mother worked at the Wahpeton Indian School. (Since being transferred to the tribe in the 1970s, it is now called Circle of Nations School). She died when Keeble was still a child. Keeble's father, who was too impoverished to feed his family, permanently enrolled <mask> and his siblings in the school. Keeble excelled in sports, especially baseball. He pitched the Wahpeton amateur team to 10 straight victories. He was being recruited by the Chicago

masks:
Woodrow Wilson Keeble
Keeble
Woodrow


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
 troops adopted the Banzai charge, wildly attacking in human waves. Sometimes the hand-to-hand battles would last all through the night. During these battles, Keeble's reputation for bravery and skill grew. Nearly a head taller than most of his fellow soldiers, he was an expert with the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR).His other great weapon was his pitching arm, which he used to hurl hand grenades with deadly accuracy. James Fenelon (Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota), who fought with Keeble on Guadalcanal, once remarked, "The safest place to be was right next to <mask>." Despite its ad hoc formation, the Americal Division fought well at Guadalcanal, the 164th Infantry taking on a key role in the defeat of a major Japanese offensive in October 1942. The Dakotans performed so heroically on Guadalcanal in support of the Marines that they received a Navy Presidential Unit Citation. After the battles on Guadalcanal, Keeble and the rest of the regiment participated in combat campaigns on the islands of Bougainville, Leyte, Cebu, and Mindanao. Following the Japanese surrender, the entire Americal Division landed in Japan and took part in the occupation of the Yokohama region. Keeble was discharged from the Army on April 11, 1946, after more than five years of active duty.He had spent most of that period overseas. After the war, Keeble returned to Wahpeton and worked at the Wahpeton Indian School. On November 14, 1947, he married Nettie Abigail Owen-Robertson (born March 30, 1917). <mask>le on combat
Discussing the experience of being in combat for the first

masks:
Woody
Woodrow Keeb


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
 with grenades. "Then without hesitation, he lobbed a grenade into the back entrance of the middle pillbox and with additional rifle fire eliminated it." Hawkins, Keeble's stepson, said one eyewitness told him the enemy directed its entire arsenal at Keeble during his assault. "He said there were so many grenades coming down on <mask>, that it looked like a flock of blackbirds."Even under heavy enemy fire, Keeble was able to complete his objective. Only after he killed the machine gunners did Keeble order his men to advance and secure the hill. That day, Master Sergeant Keeble single-handedly destroyed three enemy machine-gun bunkers and killed an additional seven enemy soldiers in nearby trenches. His bravery in the face of enemy fire was so remarkable that a recommendation that he receive the Medal of Honor was twice submitted. In both cases, the recommendation was lost. When Keeble's men endeavored to submit the recommendation a third time, officials informed them they were too late; they were told regulations prevented them from submitting another recommendation. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross on December 20, 1952.The DSC was upgraded posthumously in 2008 to the Medal of Honor. <mask> was removed from front line duty to recover from his wounds and was discharged on August 26, 1952. Later life
<mask> returned to North Dakota after the Korean War. He resumed working at the Wahpeton Indian School. Soon after, he was diagnosed with tuberculosis, which required that he undergo long-term treatment in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Surgeons ultimately removed

masks: Woody Keeble Keeble


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
 statute of limitations would prevent the Medal of Honor from being granted. The four Dakota senators immediately drafted legislation to remove the last barrier to the posthumous awarding of the medal.In May 2007, the congressional funding bill for Iraq included language to grant a waiver of the statute of limitations to award a Medal of Honor to <mask><mask>. The President could sign off on the recommendation, conditioned on the Secretary of Defense's recommendation for the upgrade of Keeble's DSC. President Bush signed the legislation on May 24, 2007. Senator Thune issued a statement on June 2, 2007, that read, in part,
Master Sergeant <mask>. Keeble served with bravery and dignity, going beyond the call of duty not for notoriety or recognition-but for the mission he believed in and the country he loved. Keeble's legacy is a great source of pride for his family, his fellow Dakota Sioux, and all Americans. The Secretary of the Army's recommendation is wonderful and long-awaited news. I began working with Master Sergeant Keeble's family and tribal officials on resolving this long overdue issue in the spring of 2002, and I will continue to work with Defense officials to ensure that this legendary soldier receives the final and most distinguished honor he deserves.Senator Johnson urged Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates to act quickly on the recommendation. " ... it is my hope that both you and the President can move forward on Master Sergeant Keeble's case as expeditiously as possible," Johnson said in a letter to Gates quoted in the Argus Leader of Sioux Falls,

masks:
Woodrow W
. Keeble
Woodrow W


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
 South Dakota. It would be another year before the President would finally award the Medal of Honor to Keeble. Despite failing health, Blossom <mask> was determined to live long enough to accept the Medal of Honor on her husband's behalf, but she died quite suddenly on June 3, 2007. In February 2008, the White House announced that Keeble would be awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously in a ceremony scheduled for March 3, with his family to receive it. "We are just proud to be a part of this for <mask>," Keeble's stepson Russell Hawkins said in a U.S. Army announcement. "He is deserving of this, for what he did in the Armed Services in defense of this country."Hawkins added that this victory is as important for the Sisseton-Wahpeton tribe and North and South Dakota as it is for Keeble and his family. "We are all extremely proud that <mask> is finally receiving this honor. He epitomized our cultural values of humility, compassion, bravery, strength and honor." Hawkins added that Keeble was the embodiment of woyuonihan ("honor"), always carrying himself in a way so that those who knew him would be proud of him. "He lived a life full of honor and respect." Hawkins said his feelings about Keeble echo those of all who knew him. "If he was alive today, I would tell him there's no one I respect more, and how he is everything a man should be: brave, kind and generous.I would tell him how proud I am of him, and how I never realized that all this time, I was living with such greatness." Awards and decorations

Medal of Honor citation

The President of the United States of

masks: Keeble Woody Woody


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
 America, authorized by Act of Congress, March 3, 2008, has awarded in the name of Congress the Medal of Honor to:

Master Sergeant <mask>. Keeble
United States Army

Citation:

For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his life above and beyond the call of duty:

Master Sergeant <mask>. Keeble distinguished himself by acts of gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with an armed enemy near Sangsan-ni, Korea, on October 20, 1951. On that day, Master Sergeant <mask> was an acting platoon leader for the support platoon in Company G, 19th Infantry, in the attack on Hill 765, a steep and rugged position that was well defended by the enemy. Leading the support platoon, Master Sergeant Keeble saw that the attacking elements had become pinned down on the slope by heavy enemy fire from three well-fortified and strategically placed enemy positions. With complete disregard for his personal safety, Master Sergeant Keeble dashed forward and joined the pinned-down platoon. Then, hugging the ground, Master Sergeant Keeble crawled forward alone until he was in close proximity to one of the hostile machine-gun emplacements. Ignoring the heavy fire that the crew trained on him, Master Sergeant Keeble activated a grenade and threw it with great accuracy, successfully destroying the position.Continuing his one-man assault, he moved to the second enemy position and destroyed it with another grenade. Despite the fact that the enemy troops were now directing their firepower against him and unleashing a shower of grenades in a frantic attempt to

masks:
Woodrow W
Woodrow W
Keeble


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
 stop his advance, he moved forward against the third hostile emplacement, and skillfully neutralized the remaining enemy position. As his comrades moved forward to join him, Master Sergeant Keeble continued to direct accurate fire against nearby trenches, inflicting heavy casualties on the enemy. Inspired by his courage, Company G successfully moved forward and seized its important objective. The extraordinary courage, selfless service, and devotion to duty displayed that day by Master Sergeant Keeble was an inspiration to all around him and reflected great credit upon himself, his unit, and the United States Army. Additional honors
On March 17, 2008, the South Dakota Governor Mike Rounds, before a joint session of the State Congress, officially proclaimed the date to be forever commemorated as Woodrow Wilson Keeble Day in the state of South Dakota. On July 23, 2008, North Dakota Governor John Hoeven posthumously presented Keeble with the Theodore Roosevelt Rough Rider Award.The award recognizes present or former North Dakotans who achieve national recognition in their fields of endeavor. In addition to these awards, numerous regional sites also pay homage to the memory of <mask>le. A section of U.S. Highway 12 near Keeble's birthplace in Waubay, South Dakota, is named in his honor. A special shelter in Chahinkapa Park in Wahpeton was built in his honor. Previous to the Medal of Honor ceremony, the gymnasium at the Wahpeton Indian School, now called the Circle of Nations School, was named for him. In May 2008, the school celebrated its 100th anniversary and named a


title: Woodrow W. Keeble

texts:
 new dormitory for Keeble. The State of North Dakota erected a Medal of Honor Memorial in Roosevelt Park in Minot.North Dakota has more Medal of Honor recipients, per capita, than any other state. A separate pillar was built for <mask>le. It was dedicated during a special celebration on July 4, 2008. A new Armed Forces Reserve Center in Sioux Falls has also been named for Keeble. References

Native American United States military personnel
Korean War recipients of the Medal of Honor
People from Day County, South Dakota
Dakota people
1917 births
1982 deaths
United States Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Silver Star
People from Wahpeton, North Dakota
Military personnel from North Dakota
Sisseton Wahpeton


title: Megahertz (record producer)

texts:
Dorsey Wesley, better known by his stage name <mask>, is an American record producer, composer and songwriter. Vibe Magazine dubbed Megahertz one of music's "10 Most Valuable Producers", while About.com ranked him on its list of the "Top 50 Greatest Hip-Hop Producers". Described by Billboard Magazine as a "Powerful Producer", Megahertz has enjoyed commercial success producing music for television, film, video games, mixtapes & songs that have been certified gold, platinum and multiplatinum. Associated with artists such as P. Diddy, Snoop Dogg, Jay-Z, 50 Cent, R. Kelly, Busta Rhymes, Nas & Saturday Night Live's Robert Smigel – it has been said that Megahertz "..brings the wattage." Early career
Megahertz is a native of Willingboro, New Jersey. He was raised in a "Christian household that didn't allow rap music." Trying to keep his passion hidden, he would get "extra church time" if his mom heard him rapping.Despite his rigid religious upbringing, <mask> immersed himself in what his mother called "evil music". But as <mask> admitted to Billboard Magazine, "Not being able to listen to music only made me want to hear it more." Tired of rapping over other people's beats, Megahertz began to purchase his own equipment and secretly keep it at his friend's house. Before long, producing music took precedence over rapping. One of his first breakthrough hits was "Bad Boy for Life". According to Vibe Magazine, "...<mask>'s bionic rubber-band beat for 'Bad Boy for Life' put Diddy back in the winner's circle." Grammy nominated and certified four times platinum, it was the second single from P. Diddy's The Saga Continues, which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Mainstream Top 40.The "Bad Boy for Life" music video featured cameo's by actor Ben Stiller, rock drummer Travis Barker, NBA star

masks: Megahertz Megahertz Megahertz Megahertz


title: Megahertz (record producer)

texts:
 Britney Spear's 'Toxic.' What was once sugar-sweet pop takes on a menacing and minister tone and Yayo takes full advantage as he attacks the beat with confidence." Megahertz's diverse production style, opened the door for collaborations with rock groups like P.O.D.& Linkin Park. Attracted to unusual musical pairings, <mask> told Source Magazine, "I like System of a Down and I wouldn't mind doing something with them....I'd work with Limp Bizkit and I'm a Björk fan. I'll do Calypso. I'll do some Indian music, whatever, just bring it on. I'll do it." Resolute that his music continue to evolve, <mask> said, "I'm not into repeat joints- I want to be re-discovered for new sounds each time." Performer
As a performer <mask> grew up rapping, a talent that blossomed into creating jingles, commercial spots and ultimately led to songwriting & singing.In one such performance, Megahertz drops a cameo on the chorus of "Superstar", a song that features Ice Cube, WC & Mack 10. Controversy
One of the most high-profile feuds in American hip hop history was the rivalry between Jay-Z & Nas. Vibe Magazine writer Dave Tompkins recounts, "When Jigga's (a.k.a. Jay-Z's) publicized beef with Nas reached nasty proportions, everyone waited on a response from God's Son (a.k.a. Nas). And he came out swinging with the Megahertz produced "Got Ur Self A Gun" – a killer cut laced with a violent harpsichord." The track was the second single on Nas' Stillmatic album, and just days after its release, Jay-Z retaliated by putting out "Supa Ugly", a combative freestyle, performed over "Got Ur Self A Gun" and Dr. Dre's song "Bad Intentions."Later years
At the height of his production career, he suddenly disappeared from the music industry. According to Megahertz, the reason was due to the death of his father around the time of

masks: Megahertz Megahertz Megahertz


title: Colard Mansion

texts:
<mask> (or Colart, before 1440 – after May 1484) was a 15th-century Flemish scribe and printer who worked together with William Caxton. He is known as the first printer of a book with copper engravings, and as the printer of the first books in English and French. Biography
<mask> was a central figure in the early printing industry in Bruges. He was active as early as 1454 as a bookseller, and was also active as a scribe, translator and contractor for manuscripts, which meant entering into contracts with the clients, and organizing and sub-contracting the elements such as scribing, decorating and binding. From 1474 until 1476 he worked together with the early English printer William Caxton, and he continued the company on his own afterwards. Caxton probably learned the art of printing from <mask>, and it was from Mansion's press that the first books printed in English (Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye) and French came. He moved to the Burg, the commercial heart of Bruges at the time, in 1478.Mansion suffered heavily under the economic crisis in Bruges in the 1480s, and only one work was printed after the death of Mary of Burgundy in 1482. Nothing is known with certainty about his life after 1484, although he may have moved to Picardy. Work
<mask> sold illuminated manuscripts to the aristocracy, and luxurious incunabula to the bourgeoisie, but he was one of the first to also publish smaller and cheaper books of only twenty to thirty pages, mainly in French. Nowadays, 25 editions of incunabula by <mask> alone are known, making him the most prolific of Bruges' early printers. Only two of these are in Latin, all others are in French,

masks:
Colard Mansion
Colard Mansion
Mansion
Mansion
Mansion


title: Colard Mansion

texts:
 dedicated to Lewis de Bruges
1474-1475: Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye, together with William Caxton and Johann Veldener
1475: The Game and Playe of Chesse, together with Caxton (who translated it from the French version), based on a work by Jacobus de Cessolis
1476: Le Jardin de dévotion by Petrus de Alliaco, Mansion's first book as an independent publisher
1476: De cas de nobles hommes et femmes (De Casibus Virorum Illustrium) by Giovanni Boccaccio, translated into French by Laurent Premierfait, was the first book to be illustrated with engravings, probably made by Marc le Bongeteur.1476: Controversie de Noblesse by Buonaccorso da Montemagno (or Surse de Pistoye), translated into French by Jean Miélot
1476-1477: an anonymous French prediction text
1477: La consolation de la philosophie by Boethius
1477: Estrif de Fortune et de Vertu (anonymous)
1477: Traité de l’espere, French translation of the Tractatus de Origine, Natura, Jure et Mutationibus Monetarum by Nicole Oresme in 26 chapters
1479: Le quadriloque invectif by Alain Chartier
1479: La somme rurale by Jean Boutillier
1479: Opera : De caelesti hyerarchia. De ecclesiastica hyerarchia. De divinis nominibus. De mystica theologia. Epistolae, a complete edition in Latin of the works of Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, translated by Ambrosio Traversari
1480: Art de bien mourir (anonymous)
1480? : Guillaume Caoursin, Rhodiae Obsidionis descriptio
before June 1481: Valere Maxime (life of Saint Hubert), dedicated to Philippe de Hornes
1482: Dyalogue des creatures, translated by <mask> from the Latin Dialogus creaturarum
1484: Ovide moralisé, first edition of Ovid's


title: Colard Mansion

texts:
 Metamorphoses, illustrated with woodcuts, rearranged and partly rewritten by <mask> himself, published in May 1484. It is his last known work, and it has been speculated that the expensive book bankrupted the company.This book was reprinted as the Bible des poëtes (Poets' Bible) at least four times in Paris between 1493 and 1531. Afterwards, a purer version (with all allegorical additions by <mask> removed, but keeping his translations) under the title Grand Olympe des histoires poëtiques du Prince de poësie Ovide Naso en sa Metamorphose  was published repeatedly between 1532 and 1570. Unknown date:
the Distichs of Cato
Les Evangiles des quenouilles (anonymous, circa 1480)
La doctrine de bien vivre en ce monde (also called Donat espirituel) by Jean Gerson
La Danse des aveugles by Pierre Michault, secretary of Charles the Bold
Invectives contre la secte de Vauderie
Adevineaux amoureux (anonymous). Incunabula by <mask> are scattered throughout collections mainly in Western Europe. The largest such collection is in Paris, and the 16 copies of 10 different titles in the Public Library of Bruges form the second biggest collection. Notes

Sources
T Kren & S McKendrick (eds), Illuminating the Renaissance: The Triumph of Flemish Manuscript Painting in Europe, Getty Museum/Royal Academy of Arts, 2003,
Biography at Historische Bronnen Brugge Last accessed at September 27, 2007
Short biography in English at the Dutch Royal Library Last accessed at September 27, 2007

15th-century births
15th-century deaths
Printers of incunabula
French calligraphers
Medieval European scribes
Flemish printers
Businesspeople from Bruges
Burgundian

masks: Mansion Mansion Mansion


title: Michael of Cesena

texts:
<mask> of Cesena (<mask> or Michele Fuschi) (c. 1270 – 29 November 1342) was an Italian Franciscan, minister-general of that Order, and theologian. His advocacy of Evangelical poverty brought him into conflict with Pope John XXII. Biography
Of his early life little is known. He was born at Cesena. Having entered the Franciscan Order, he studied at Paris and took the doctor's degree in theology in 1316. He taught theology at Bologna and wrote several commentaries on Holy Scripture and the Sentences of Peter Lombard. At the general chapter in Naples on 31 May 1316, he was elected minister general in absentia and went at once to Assisi, where he convoked a chapter to consider the revision of the Constitutions of the order.Returning to Bologna, he issued the document, Gravi qua premor (21 August 1316), which, together with several other ordinances regarding the matter of poverty, induced John XXII to publish the Bull, Quorumdam exigit (7 October 1317) whose purpose was to explain the decretals of Nicholas III, Exiit qui seminat (13 August 1279), and of Clement V, Exivi de paradiso (6 May 1312). John XXII ordered rebellious spirituals to stop arguing and obey their superiors. Initially, <mask> agreed with the pope in suppressing the Spirituals, whom he had been unable to persuade to conform. As the papal bull concerned the principal chapter of the Franciscan Rule, this action caused no little disturbance within the order. Earlier, in an effort to quell the disagreements between the conventuals and the zelanti, Pope Gregory IX had ruled that all property given to the Franciscans was vested in the Holy See, which granted the friars the mere use of it. This was later confirmed by Pope Nicholas III. John XXII reversed this.By the bull Ad conditorem canonum of 8 December 1322, he

masks:
Michael
Michele di Cesena
Michael


title: Michael of Cesena

texts:
 Apostles possessed no earthly goods was not only not heretical, but sound and Catholic doctrine. At the same time Bonagratia of Bergamo was commissioned to represent the chapter before the papal Curia, at Avignon.Summons to Avignon

The controversy continued unabated until, in 1327, Cesena was summoned to appear before the pope. The latter summoned him to Avignon in 1327 and Cesena eventually agreed to go, after feigning illness and delaying. He obeyed a subsequent summons and was forbidden by the pope under pain of grave censure to leave Avignon. He was thus unable to attend the chapter held at Bologna in May of the following year (1328). Despite his absence and the protest of the papal legate, he was reelected minister general, the chapter deeming the charges against him insufficient to deprive him of office. Cesena managed to win over William of Ockham to his cause. Several prelates and princes wrote to the pope on Cesena's behalf.In the following year, Cesena, Ockham, and a few other high-ranking Franciscans fled from the papal court. They had apparently wished to seek the protection of King Robert of Naples (who favored their views), but a storm on the Mediterranean forced their galley back to the port of Aigues-Mortes, where they transferred to another ship manned by agents of Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and were taken to Pisa. Deposition

At Pisa they were received by the party of Louis and were joined by a number of other schismatics. John XXII was declared to be deposed by the Emperor. <mask> was excommunicated by the Pope. He published a solemn appeal from the pope to a council (12 December 1328), posting it on the door of the cathedral. In 1329 <mask> was deposed from the Franciscan leadership, now controlled by the Pope, and in 1330 left with his followers

masks: Cesena Cesena


title: Michael of Cesena

texts:
 in the entourage of Louis, for Germany.The general chapter of Paris (11 June 1329), at which Cardinal Bertrand presided, had condemned the conduct and writings of Cesena and all who took part with him against John XXII, and had elected Gerard Odon minister general of the Franciscan Order. The pope issued the Encyclical Quia vir reprobus, warning the faithful against Cesena, and the latter answered in his Ad perpetuam rei memoriam innotescat quod ego, Fr. <mask> (25 November 1330) and in Christianæ fidei fundamentum, in which he accused the pope of heresy in the three Bulls, Ad Conditorem Canonum, Cum inter nonnullos, and Quia quorumdam. These and Litteras plurium magistrorum, and Teste Solomone which Cesena wrote in his own defence, are contained in Ockham's Dialogue. Later life

The chapter of Perpignan (25 April 1331) expelled him from the order and sentenced him to perpetual imprisonment. He continued to struggle for his understanding of evangelical poverty for the rest of his life, and issued an appeal against Benedict XII, who had succeeded John XXII, in 1338. He died in Munich, and was buried there in the Franciscan convent, the Barfüsserkirche.He was officially rehabilitated in 1359. <mask> of Cesena was one of the historical characters in Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose. See also
 The Name of the Rose

References

Sources

External links
Catholic Encyclopedia article

 A translation of <mask>'s Shorter Appeal against Quia vir reprobus  (a tract on Franciscan poverty) can be found online

1270 births
1342 deaths
People from Cesena
Italian Franciscans
13th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
14th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
14th-century Latin writers
14th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests
Ministers General of the Order of Friars

masks: Michael Michael Michael


title: Paulos Faraj Rahho

texts:
<mask> (, ; , ; 20 November 1942 – February or March 2008) was the Chaldean Catholic Archeparch of Mosul, in the northern part of Iraq. Also known as <mask> and <mask>, he was born in Mosul, where he lived almost his entire life. The city of Mosul has a long established community of Chaldean Catholics. <mask> came to worldwide attention in 2008 when he was kidnapped by gunmen and subsequently found dead in Mosul, an event that drew condemnation from the Vatican and foreign governments. Biography
<mask> was born to a Chaldean Catholic family in 1942. He spent nearly all his life in Mosul, a city with one of the largest and oldest Christian populations in Iraq. In 1954, he entered the St. Peter's junior and major seminary in Baghdad in order to become a priest.After his ordination on June 10, 1965 he briefly worked in Baghdad before being appointed to St. Isiah's Church in Mosul. Between 1974 and 1976, <mask> completed his religious studies with a Licentiate in Theology from the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome. <mask> later founded the church of the Sacred Heart in Tel Keppe, a town some 12 miles (20 km) north of Mosul. He also opened an orphanage for handicapped children. Archbishop of Mosul
On January 12, 2001, the Synod of Bishops of the Chaldean Catholic Church elected him archbishop of the Archeparchy of Mosul. On February 16, 2001, he was ordained Chaldean Archbishop of Mosul, giving him responsibility for around 20,000 Catholics in ten parishes. He was ordained by Mar Raphael I Bidawid, the Patriarch of Babylon.His church is known in Mosul as Safina (The Ship), but parishioners called it the Holy Spirit Church. Unease with Sharia
<mask> expressed disquiet at the moves to incorporate Sharia law

masks:
Paulos Faraj Rahho
Paul Faraj Rahho
Paulos Faradsch Raho
Rahho
Paulos Faraj Rahho
Rahho
Rahho
Rahho


title: Paulos Faraj Rahho

texts:
 more fundamentally into the Iraqi constitution, and continued throughout his life to lead worship in difficult situations. During his 2007 trip to Rome, with the patriarch of Babylon Emmanuel III Delly who was then appointed cardinal, Rahho confided that he had been threatened by gunmen in his native town. Following the start of the Iraq war, persecution of Christians in Iraq increased dramatically. <mask> commented on the precarious situation of Chaldean Christians in an interview with Asia News shortly before his kidnapping. Kidnapping and death
Late on February 29, 2008, according to a report given by the Catholic News Service, <mask> was kidnapped from his car in the Al-Nur district of the city; his bodyguards and driver were killed. According to church officials, "gunmen sprayed the Archbishop's car with bullets, killed two bodyguards and shoved the bishop into the trunk of a car.In the darkness, he managed to pull out his cellphone and call the church, telling officials not to pay a ransom for his release" they said. "He believed that this money would not be paid for good works and would be used for killing and more evil actions," the officials said. Other reports stated that also investigators believed the archbishop may have been shot at the time of the kidnapping. The kidnappers demanded Christians contribute to the jihad, through jizya. The captors also demanded the release of Arab (non-Iraqi) detainees and that they be paid $3 million for Rahho's release. The kidnappers also demanded that Iraqi Christians form a militia to fight the US forces. On March 13, 2008, it was reported that <mask>'s body had been found buried in a shallow grave near Mosul.Officials of the Chaldean Church in Iraq said they had received a call

masks: Rahho Rahho Rahho


title: Paulos Faraj Rahho

texts:
 telling them where the body was buried. Reports over the cause of death were contradictory. An official of the morgue in Mosul said the archbishop, who had health problems, including high blood pressure and diabetes, might have died of natural causes. Police at the Mosul morgue said <mask> "appeared to have been dead a week and his body bore no bullet wounds". Nineveh Deputy Governor Khasro Goran stated that when relatives and authorities went to the location specified by the kidnappers and found the body, it had "gunshot wounds". The identity of those behind his murder is disputed. Some Chaldeans within the community believe Al-Qaida and other Sunni Arab factions were behind the murder.Other Christians in Mosul, including the archbishop's family, believe that it was the Kurds who ordered his assassination. Kurdish authorities ordered an investigation and subsequently made several arrests, though their reports have failed to convince the family. Archbishop <mask> <mask> <mask> is believed to be the highest-ranking Chaldean Catholic clergyman to have been killed in the Iraq war. The funeral services were held in the town of Karamlesh, with Chaldean Catholic Cardinal Emmanuel Delly in presence. International reactions
  Vatican City: Pope Benedict XVI stated the murder was "an act of inhuman violence that offends the dignity of the human being." "The pope also denounced the 5-year-long Iraq war, saying it had provoked the complete breakup of Iraqi civilian life. 'Enough with the slaughters.Enough with the violence. Enough with the hatred in Iraq!' Benedict said to applause at the end of his Palm Sunday Mass in St. Peter's Square." Iraq: Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki said "the attack was the work of a criminal gang intent on provoking

masks: Rahho Paulos Faraj Rahho


title: Paulos Faraj Rahho

texts:
 religious strife." United Kingdom: British Foreign Secretary David Miliband said "His [Archbishop <mask>'s] kidnapping was a cowardly act perpetrated by individuals who have rejected dialogue and peaceful politics. His killing represents an appalling act of premeditated violence. My thoughts are with the Archbishop's family."United States: President Bush was quoted as saying "I send my condolences to the Chaldean community and the people of Iraq. The terrorists will continue to lose in Iraq because they are savage and cruel." The Arab American Institute said "This despicable act against a peaceful leader of a vulnerable (Chaldean) minority community violates every moral code." Chaldean Catholic Church: Patriarch Emmanuel III Delly, who broke down and wept during funeral services in Karamles, urged Christians on Friday not to seek revenge for the death of the archbishop. Aftermath
One of the killers, named Ahmed Ali Ahmed, was found and arrested. Ahmed was an Al-Qaida in Iraq cell leader in Mosul. On 19 May 2008, the Iraqi Central Criminal Court sentenced Ahmed to death.However, high representatives of the Chaldean Catholic Church opposed the death sentence. In his will, Rahho called upon the Iraqi Assyrian Christian community to work with Muslim and Yazidi Iraqis to develop ties across religious divisions within Iraq. See also
Catholic Church in Iraq

References

External links

 Obituary in The Times, 13 March 2008

1942 births
2008 deaths
2008 crimes in Iraq
21st-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Chaldean archbishops
Iraqi archbishops
Iraqi Assyrian people
Iraqi bishops
Iraqi Eastern Catholics
Iraqi murder victims
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
People from Mosul
People murdered in Iraq
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas


title: Frank Muir

texts:
<mask>  (5 February 1920 – 2 January 1998) was an English comedy writer, radio and television personality, and raconteur. His writing and performing partnership with Denis Norden endured for most of their careers. Together they wrote BBC Radio's Take It from Here for over 10 years, and then appeared on BBC radio quizzes My Word! and My Music for another 35. <mask> became Assistant Head of Light Entertainment at the BBC in the 1960s, and was then London Weekend Television's founding Head of Entertainment. His many writing credits include editorship of The Oxford Book of Humorous Prose. Birth and early life
<mask> was the second son of steam tug engineer <mask> (1888–1934), originally from New Zealand, and his wife Margaret, daughter of ship's carpenter Harry Harding.Harry Harding had died young at sea; his widow, Elizabeth Jane (née Cowie) subsequently married <mask> Webber, a former lighthouse inspector and licensee of the Derby Arms Hotel and pub at Ramsgate, Kent. The pub was operated by his widow for 22 years after Webber's death. <mask> was born in the pub, and spent part of his childhood in Leyton, London. <mask> left his seafaring occupation after marrying, and took up unskilled work such as extending Ramsgate's railway and loading stores onto naval vessels; he finally took a job with a firm at Leyton, supervising their machinery, and died of pneumonia when <mask> was a schoolboy. <mask> ran a small sweet-shop across the road from the Derby Arms. His aunt was <mask> (d. 1970), MBE; she and her brother were orphaned at a young age, and when he went to sea she had remained in New Zealand and taken a low-status position at Christchurch Hospital, serving as Matron from 1916 to 1936, and ending up as its Superintendent. In later years, whenever his

masks:
Frank Herbert Muir
Muir
Muir
Charles James Muir
Frank Herbert
Muir
Charles Muir
Frank Muir
Margaret Muir
Rose Muir


title: Frank Muir

texts:
 dignified speech patterns caused listeners to assume that he had received a public school education, <mask> would demur: "I was educated in E10, not Eton".He attended Leyton County High School for Boys, though prior to this he was a pupil at Chatham House Grammar School, in Ramsgate, Kent, whose notable alumni include former Conservative Prime Minister Edward Heath. He left school prematurely aged fourteen and a half at his father's death, due to the necessity of earning an income to support the family. <mask> claimed that, when interviewed to join the RAF, he was "a weedy 6 feet 6 inches" but that he later "stabilised at a bent 6 feet 4 inches". Early career
<mask> joined the Royal Air Force at the outbreak of the Second World War and spent several years in the photographic technical school taking slow-motion film of parachute jumps on a project intended to decrease the frequency of parachutes failing (sometimes called a 'Roman Candle'). His work provided the manufacturers with the information they needed to improve both the equipment and the training, which was very effective in reducing the number of failures as well as the fatality and injury rate. He was also assigned to take pictures of the agents of the Special Operations Executive (SOE) for identity documents at the training centre at RAF Ringway. <mask>, as a photographic technician, was posted to Iceland, which was then a Danish possession under British occupation, and while there, he did some work for the forces radio station.Also while stationed in Iceland – as he described in his memoirs A Kentish Lad – <mask> suffered a medical condition which required the surgical removal of one testicle. Writing for radio
Upon his return to civilian life, he began to write scripts for Jimmy Edwards.

masks: Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir


title: Frank Muir

texts: When Edwards teamed up with Dick Bentley on BBC Radio, <mask> formed a partnership with Denis Norden, Bentley's writer, which was to last for most of his career. The vehicle created for Bentley and Edwards, Take It From Here, was written by <mask> and Norden from 1948 until 1959; the last series in 1960 used other writers. For TIFH, as it became known, they created "The Glums", a deliberately awful family, which was the show's most popular segment. For TIFH, <mask> and Norden wrote the phrase, "Infamy, infamy, they've all got it in for me", later used by Kenneth Williams in Carry on Cleo. In his autobiography A Kentish Lad <mask> expressed disappointment that he and Norden were never credited for it.In 1949, <mask> married Polly McIrvine (d. 2004). They had two children, Jamie (born 1952), a TV producer, and Sally (born 1954), who co-founded the Muir and Osborne knitwear design company, and is married to the journalist and author Geoffrey Wheatcroft. <mask> and Norden continued to write for Edwards when he began to work for BBC television with the school comedy series Whack-O and the subsequent 1960 film Bottoms Up!, and in the anthology series Faces of Jim. With Norden, in 1962, he was responsible for the television adaptation of Henry Cecil's comic novel Brothers in Law, which starred a young Richard Briers, and its spin-off Mr Justice Duncannon. The pair were invited to appear on a new humorous literary radio quiz, My Word!. In the final round <mask> and Norden each told a story to "explain" the origin of a well-known phrase. An early example took the quotation "Dead!And never called me mother!" from a stage adaptation of East Lynne by Mrs Henry Wood, which became the exclamation of a youth coming out of a public telephone box which he had

masks: Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir


title: Frank Muir

texts:
 discovered to be out of order. In early broadcasts of My Word! the phrases were provided by the quizmaster, but in later series <mask> and Norden chose their own in advance of each programme and their stories became longer and more convoluted. This became a popular segment of the quiz, and <mask> and Norden later compiled five volumes of books containing some of the My Word! stories. <mask> was also, like Norden, a contestant on the My Word!spinoff, My Music. As a television personality, <mask>'s unofficial trademark was a crisply knotted pink bow tie. Later career
In 1954 <mask> founded an amateur dramatic society, Thorpe Players, in the village of Thorpe, Surrey where he lived for many years. He was a writer and presenter on many shows, including the 1960s satire programmes That Was the Week That Was and The Frost Report. He was well known to television audiences as a team captain on the long-running BBC2 series Call My Bluff. <mask> found unexpected household fame when he undertook voice-overs for advertisements, including Cadbury Dairy Milk Fruit & Nut chocolate ("Everyone's a Fruit and Nut case", to the tune of the Danse des mirlitons from Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker). Other popular advertising campaigns of the period in which <mask> appeared included Batchelors' Savoury Rice ("Every grain will drive them insane!"), a coffee advert in which he used the phrase "impending doom", and Unigate milk Humphreys. In the 1960s <mask> was Assistant Head of Light Entertainment at the BBC and in 1969 joined London Weekend Television as Head of Entertainment. In 1976 <mask> wrote The Frank Muir Book: An irreverent companion to social history, which is a collection of anecdotes and quotations collected under various subjects including "Music", "Education",

masks:
Muir
Muir
Frank Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir
Muir


title: Frank Muir

texts:
 "Literature", "Theatre", "Art" and "Food and Drink". (In the United States, this book is titled "An Irreverent Social History of Almost Everything.") A similar format to The Frank Muir Book was used in his BBC radio series Frank Muir Goes Into..., in which Alfred Marks read the quotations, linked verbally by <mask>. He published books based on these series. His The Oxford Book of Humorous Prose, which again uses a similar format with more scholarly aspirations, was published in 1990.<mask> was appointed CBE in the 1980 Birthday Honours. In 1992, for Channel 4, he was the host of TV Heaven, a season of evenings dedicated to television programmes from individual years. In 1997, <mask> published an autobiography, A Kentish Lad. <mask> died in Thorpe, Surrey, on 2 January 1998 aged 77. In November 1998, ten months after his death, he and Denis Norden were joint recipients of the Writers' Guild of Great Britain Writer of the Year Award. <mask>'s widow, Polly, died in Surrey on 27 October 2004, aged 79. Bibliography

 The What-a-Mess children's books
 The <mask> Muir Book: An Irreverent Companion to Social History
 An Irreverent and Almost Complete Social History of the Bathroom
 The Oxford Book of Humorous Prose (Editor)
 The Walpole Orange
 A Kentish Lad (Autobiography)
 Christmas: Customs And Traditions
 A Book at Bathtime

References

1920 births
1998 deaths
People educated at Chatham House Grammar School
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
English autobiographers
English male comedians
English radio personalities
People from Ramsgate
English television personalities
Rectors of the University of St Andrews
Royal Air Force personnel of World War II
People from Leyton
People from the Borough of Runnymede
Royal Air Force airmen
20th-century

masks: Muir Muir Muir Muir Muir Frank


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts: Dato' <mask> (Jawi: أنوار بن إبراهيم; ; born 10 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician who has served as the 12th and 16th Leader of the Opposition since May 2020 and from August 2008 to March 2015, 2nd Chairman of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition since February 2020 and 2nd President of the People's Justice Party (PKR) since November 2018. He has also served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Port Dickson since October 2018. He was formerly Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1993 to 1998, under Malaysia's 4th Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad. <mask> started his political career as one of the founders of youth organisation Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM). After joining the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the major party in the long-time ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, <mask> held several high-profile cabinet positions in successive governments in the 1980s and 1990s. He was Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1993 to 1998 and was Finance Minister from 1991 to 1998, during which he was prominent in Malaysia's response to the 1997 Asian financial crisis. However, he was removed from all posts by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in September 1998, after which <mask> led the Reformasi movement against the government.<mask> was jailed in April 1999 after a trial for sodomy and corruption that was criticised by human rights groups and several foreign governments as politically motivated. He was released in 2004 after his conviction was overturned. He was the Leader of the Opposition from 2008 to 2015 and was prominent coalescing the opposition parties into the Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalition, which unsuccessfully contested in the 2008 and 2013 general elections. He disputed the results of the 2013 elections and led a protest in response. In 2014, <mask>'s attempt to

masks:
Seri Haji Anwar bin Ibrahim
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 become Selangor head of government in the 2014 Kajang Move led to a nine-month political crisis, which ended when he was sentenced to another five years imprisonment after a second sodomy conviction in 2015. While still in prison, <mask> re-joined Mahathir Mohamad under new coalition Pakatan Harapan (PH) in absentia, which went on to win the 2018 general election. Mahathir outlined a plan for <mask> to take over from himself as Prime Minister after an unspecified interim period.A few days after the election, <mask> received a royal pardon from Yang di-Pertuan Agong Muhammad V and was released from prison. He soon made a comeback as a backbencher MP by contesting and winning the 2018 Port Dickson by-election while his wife Wan Azizah Wan Ismail served as the Deputy Prime Minister in the PH administration. Despite the intention for <mask> to take over as Prime Minister, the collapse of the PH coalition during 2020–21 Malaysian political crisis led to the new Perikatan Nasional (PN) administration under Muhyiddin Yassin being sworn in and <mask> becoming Leader of the Opposition the second time in May 2020. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in Cherok Tok Kun, Bukit Mertajam, Penang, Malaya. His father, <mask> Abdul Rahman, started his career as a hospital porter, later to join politics as the UMNO Member of Parliament for Seberang Perai Central between 1959 and 1969 and also as the Parliamentary Secretary in the Ministry of Health from 1964 to 1969 until his defeat in the 1969 General Election by a candidate from Gerakan. His mother, Che Yan binti Hussein, was a housewife active in UMNO grassroots politics in Penang. He undertook his secondary education at the Malay College Kuala Kangsar.He was educated at the University of Malaya, where he got a bachelor's degree in Malay

masks:
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
bin Ibrahim
Ibrahim bin


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 Studies, and worked on his Masters in Literature through the National University of Malaysia while in prison from 1974 to 1975. Early years (1968–1982)

From 1968 to 1971, as a student, <mask> was the president of the National Union of Malaysian Muslim Students. Around the same time, he was also the president of the University of Malaya Malay Language Society ( (PBMUM)). In 1971, he was a member of the pro tem committee of Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM) or Muslim Youth Movement of Malaysia, which he co-founded. At the same time, he was elected as the 2nd President of the Malaysian Youth Council or Majlis Belia Malaysia (MBM). In 1974, <mask> was arrested during student protests against rural poverty and hunger. This came as a report surfaced stating that a family died from starvation in a village in Baling, in the state of Kedah, which was later demonstrated to be false.However, the rubber tappers in Baling were experiencing severe hardship as the price of rubber dropped in 1974. He was imprisoned under the Internal Security Act (ISA), which allows for detention without trial, and spent 20 months in the Kamunting Detention Centre. From 1975 till 1982, he served as a representative for Asia Pacific of World Assembly of Muslim Youth (WAMY). <mask> <mask> is also the co-founder of the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT) in the USA (founded 1981). <mask> has been one of 4 acting directors, a board member of IIIT and a trustee. He was also a chancellor of International Islamic University Kuala Lumpur between 1983 and 1988. Early political career (1982–1998)
In 1982, <mask>, who was the founding leader and second president of an Islamic youth organisation called Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM), by joining the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), led by Mahathir

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Ibrahim Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts: Mohamad, who had become prime minister in 1981.<mask> rapidly rose to high-ranking positions; his first ministerial office was that of Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports in 1983; after that, he headed the Agriculture Ministry in 1984 before becoming Minister of Education in 1986. During his tenure as Education Minister, Anwar introduced numerous policies in the national school curriculum. One of his major changes was to rename the national language from Bahasa Malaysia to Bahasa Melayu. Non-Malays criticised this move as it would cause the younger generation to be detached from the national language since they would attribute it to being something that belongs to the Malays and not to Malaysians. As the minister of education, <mask> was elected as the 25th President of UNESCO's General Conference. In 1988, <mask> <mask> became the second President of International Islamic University of Malaysia. According to former Law Minister Zaid <mask>, <mask> is an Islamist who "helped Islamicise the whole government system" and played a major role in the Islamicisation of the education system when he was Education Minister in the 1980s.In 1991, <mask> was appointed as Minister of Finance. During his tenure as Finance Minister, his impact was immediate; Malaysia enjoyed unprecedented prosperity and economic growth. Shortly after becoming Finance Minister, Euromoney named him as a top-four finance minister and in 1996 Asiamoney named him Finance Minister of the Year. In the midst of the 1997 Asian financial crisis, <mask> as a deputy prime minister and finance minister, was hailed for guiding Malaysia through the period of instability. He backed free-market principles and highlighted the proximity of business and politics in Malaysia. He advocated greater accountability, refused to offer government

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Ibrahim Ibrahim Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 bail-outs and instituted widespread spending cuts. In March 1998, <mask> was selected as the Chairman of the Development Committee of World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) from March 1998 until September 1998.Deputy Prime Minister
In 1993, he became Mahathir's Deputy Prime Minister after winning the Deputy Presidency of UMNO against Ghafar Baba, he was seem and expected to succeed Mahathir as prime minister as he frequently alluded in public to his "son-father" relationship with Mahathir. By then, speculation was rife about <mask>'s ascent to the Deputy Prime Minister's position. In May 1997, Mahathir had appointed <mask> to be acting Prime Minister while he took a two-month holiday. In Mahathir's absence, <mask> had independently taken radical steps, which directly conflicted with Mahathir's policies, to change the country's governing mechanisms. Issues such as how Malaysia would respond to a financial crisis were often at the forefront of this conflict. Towards the end of the 1990s, however, the relationship with Mahathir had begun to deteriorate, triggered by their conflicting views on governance. <mask>'s frontal attack against what he described as the widespread culture of nepotism and cronyism within UMNO (and the ruling coalition as a whole) angered Mahathir, as did his attempts to dismantle the protectionist policies that Mahathir had set up."Cronyism" was identified by <mask> as a major cause of corruption and misappropriation of funds in the country. Financial crisis
During the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, <mask> supported the IMF plan as a finance minister. He also instituted an austerity package that cut government spending by 18%, cut ministerial salaries and deferred major projects. "Mega projects", despite being a cornerstone of Mahathir's development strategy,

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

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 were greatly curtailed. Although many Malaysian companies faced bankruptcy, <mask> declared: "There is no question of any bailout. The banks will be allowed to protect themselves and the government will not interfere." Anwar advocated a free-market approach to the crisis, including foreign investment and trade liberalisation.Mahathir blamed currency speculators like George Soros for the crisis and supported currency controls and tighter regulation of foreign investment. Fall from power and first sodomy conviction

In 1998 Newsweek magazine named Anwar the "Asian of the Year". However, in that year, matters between Anwar and Mahathir came to a head around the quadrennial UMNO General Assembly. The Youth wing of UMNO, headed by Anwar's associate Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, gave notice that it would initiate a debate on "cronyism and nepotism". At the General Assembly, a book by Khalid Jafri, "50 Dalil Kenapa Anwar Tidak Boleh Jadi PM" ("50 Reasons Why Anwar Cannot Become Prime Minister") was circulated containing graphic allegations of homosexuality, as well as accusations of corruption against Anwar. Khalid Jafri was an ex-editor of the government-controlled newspaper Utusan Malaysia and former editor-in-chief of a failed magazine, Harian National. Anwar obtained a court injunction to prevent further distribution of the book and filed a lawsuit against the author for defamation.Police charged the author of the book with malicious publishing of false news. The police were instructed to investigate the veracity of the claims. On 2 September 1998, Anwar was fired from the Cabinet, and many reports state that he was under investigation for sodomy, an act that is illegal in Malaysia. The following day, he was expelled from UMNO. In what the Sydney Morning Herald termed a "blatantly political fix-up",


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts: Anwar was arrested on 20 September 1998 and detained without trial under the country's controversial Internal Security Act (ISA). The Home Minister at the time was also the Prime Minister, Mahathir. Weeks later, Anwar was charged with corruption for allegedly interfering with the police investigation of him.While he was in police custody in 1998, <mask> was beaten by the then Inspector General of Police, Rahim Noor. The public and the media only witnessed his black eye after being brought to Court for the first time. Mahathir remarked that it could have been a self-inflicted injury to garner public sympathy. Rahim was subsequently found guilty of assault and jailed for two months in 2000. He made a public apology to Anwar and paid undisclosed damages. During the trial, a mattress supposedly stained with <mask>'s semen was presented to the court as DNA evidence of Anwar's sexual acts. <mask> denied having anything to do with the mattress, although the DNA tests came out positive.Lim Kong Boon, a DNA chemist, testified during the trial that DNA taken from 10 of 13 semen stains on the mattress matched <mask>'s DNA. The defence team implied that DNA samples may have been taken from Anwar, while unconscious, after his beating in police custody, to create false forensics evidence to frame Anwar; however, High Court Judge Augustine Paul accepted that DNA evidence. The High Court eventually handed down its decision in April 1999, sentencing <mask> to six years' imprisonment for corruption and sodomy. Two months later, he was sentenced to nine years' imprisonment for sodomy, which he was ordered to serve after completing his six-year sentence for corruption. His trial and conviction were widely discredited by the international community. Amnesty International stated that the trial proceedings

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 "exposed a pattern of political manipulation of key state institutions including the police, public prosecutor's office and the judiciary" and declared Anwar a prisoner of conscience, stating that he had been arrested in order to silence him as a political opponent. The Federal Court overturned his conviction and Anwar was finally released from solitary confinement on 2 September 2004.Reformasi and formation of KEADILAN

Shortly after <mask> was dismissed as deputy prime minister by the then prime minister Mahathir Mohamad, <mask> and his supporters initiated the Reformasi movement. It consisted of several mass demonstrations and rallies against the long-standing Barisan Nasional coalition government. At the 1998 APEC Summit in Kuala Lumpur, the Vice-President of the United States, Al Gore, gave a speech supporting <mask> and the Reformasi movement in front of the Prime Minister of Malaysia and other Asia-Pacific premiers. Reformasi led to the formation of a new multiracial-based party named Parti Keadilan Nasional or National Justice Party (KEADILAN). In 1999, a general election was held. The new KEADILAN, Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), and Democratic Action Party (DAP) formed a Barisan Alternatif or Alternative Front (BA), in a combined initiative to replace the standing Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition government. In August 2003, KEADILAN merged with Parti Rakyat Malaysia or Malaysian's People Party (PRM) to form Parti Keadilan Rakyat or People's Justice Party (PKR) headed by Wan Azizah as president.PKR made huge gains in the 2008 general election, winning 31 seats and becoming the parliament's largest opposition party. In April 2008, PKR, PAS and DAP formed a new alliance named Pakatan Rakyat (PR). Interim years (1999–2007)

First sodomy conviction
In 1999, <mask> brought suit

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

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 against Prime Minister Mahathir for defamation for allegedly uttering accusations of immoral acts and calling <mask> a homosexual at a news conference in Malaysia. The sodomy verdict was partially overturned in 2004, resulting in <mask>'s release from prison as he had already served his sentence for the corruption offence. Anwar successfully sued Khalid Jafri for his "50 Dalil Kenapa Anwar Tidak Boleh Jadi PM" book, but Khalid died in 2005 of complications from diabetes before the High Court found that he had committed libel and awarded Anwar millions of ringgit in compensation. The Federal Court on 8 March 2010 ruled that the 1998 dismissal of <mask> from his Cabinet posts by Mahathir was constitutional and valid, meaning <mask> had failed in his bid to challenge his sacking. An appeal on the corruption charges was heard on 6 September 2004.Under Malaysian law, a person is banned from political activities for five years after the end of his sentence. Success in this appeal would have allowed him to return to politics immediately. On 7 September, the court agreed to hear <mask>'s appeal. However, on 15 September, the Court of Appeal ruled unanimously that its previous decision to uphold a High Court ruling that found <mask> guilty was in order, relegating <mask> to the sidelines of Malaysian politics until 14 April 2008. The only way for <mask> to be freed from this stricture would have been for him to receive a pardon from the Yang di-Pertuan Agong. Teaching and non-profit work
After his release from prison, <mask> held teaching positions at St Antony's College, Oxford, where he was a visiting fellow and senior associate member, at Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies in Washington DC as a Distinguished Senior Visiting Fellow, and in 2005–2006 as a visiting

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 professor at the Prince Alwaleed Center for Muslim–Christian Understanding in the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University. In March 2006 he was appointed as Honorary President of the London-based organisation AccountAbility (Institute of Social and Ethical AccountAbility).In July 2006, <mask> was elected Chair of the Washington-based Foundation For the Future. In this capacity, he signed 1 October 2006 letter to Robin Cleveland of the World Bank, requesting the transfer of Shaha Riza from the US Department of State to the Foundation for the Future. This transaction led to Paul Wolfowitz's resignation as president of the organisation. He was one of the signatories of "A Common Word Between Us and You" in 2007, an open letter by Islamic scholars to Christian leaders, calling for peace and understanding. Return to politics
In November 2006, <mask> announced he planned to run for Parliament in 2008 after his disqualification expired. Anwar was critical of government policies after his release from prison, most notably the controversial New Economic Policy (NEP), which provided affirmative action for the Bumiputras. The policy set a number of quotas, such as for units of housing and initial public offerings, that must be met.Before he became re-entitled to run for Parliament in 2008, he acted as an "advisor" of Parti Keadilan Rakyat, the party of which his wife Dr Wan Azizah was president. He was at the forefront in organising a November 2007 mass rally, called the 2007 Bersih Rally, which took place at Dataran Merdeka, Kuala Lumpur, to demand clean and fair elections. The gathering was organised by Bersih, a coalition comprising political parties and civil society groups, and drew supporters from all over the country. The 2008 general election date was set for 8 March 2008, before

masks: Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 <mask>'s disqualification from politics expired, sparking criticisms that Barisan Nasional called for early elections in a bid to deny <mask>'s plans for a return to Parliament. In response, <mask>'s wife, Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, declared that she would step down should she retain her Permatang Pauh parliamentary seat to force a by-election in which Anwar himself would contest. When asked about the possibility of Anwar becoming the next Prime Minister, former leader Tun Dr Mahathir reacted by saying, "He would make a good Prime Minister of Israel". On 14 April 2008, <mask> celebrated his official return to the political stage, as his ban from public office expired a decade after he was fired as Deputy Prime Minister.The opposition seized a third of parliamentary seats and five states in the worst-ever showing for the Barisan Nasional coalition that has ruled for half a century, with <mask> at the helm. A gathering of more than 40,000 supporters greeted Anwar in a rally welcoming his return to politics. Police interrupted Anwar after he had addressed the rally for nearly two hours and called for him to stop the gathering since there was no legal permission for the rally. On 29 April 2008, after 10 years of absence, he returned to the Parliament, albeit upon invitation as a spouse guest of Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, People's Justice Party and the first female opposition leader in Malaysian Parliament's history. Permatang Pauh by-election

<mask> <mask> was victorious in the Permatang Pauh by-election held on 26 August 2008. Muhammad Muhammad Taib, information chief of the UMNO, stated: "Yes, of course we have lost ... we were the underdogs going into this race." Final results announced by the Election Commission revealed that <mask> <mask> won 31,195 of the estimated 47,000 votes cast in the

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Ibrahim Anwar Ibrahim


title: Anwar Ibrahim

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 district, while Arif Shah Omar Shah received 15,524 votes and a third candidate had 92 votes.On 28 August 2008, <mask>, dressed in a dark blue traditional Malay outfit and black "songkok" hat, took the oath at the main chamber of Parliament house in Kuala Lumpur, as MP for Permatang Pauh at 10.03 am before Speaker Tan Sri Pandikar Amin Mulia. He formally declared <mask> the leader of the 3-party opposition alliance. With his daughter Nurul Izzah <mask>, also a parliamentarian, Anwar announced: "I'm glad to be back after a decade. The prime minister has lost the mandate of the country and the nation." At that time Anwar needed 30 government lawmakers to defect to the Opposition to form the next government. First term as Leader of the Opposition (2008–2015)

On 26 August 2008, <mask> won re-election in the Permatang Pauh by-election and returned to Parliament as Leader of the Opposition. He has stated the need for liberalisation, including an independent judiciary and free media, to combat the endemic corruption that he considers pushes Malaysia close to failed state status.Petition against Najib Razak
<mask> continued to attack Najib on his first day as prime minister, stating he found inconsistencies in the latter's decision to release 13 Internal Security Act (ISA) detainees. He said as long as the ISA existed, Barisan Nasional could still detain citizens at will. In September 2011 Prime Minister Najib Razak acted to abolish the ISA and three other laws. Some members of the opposition did not view this in a positive way. Attempts to form a majority coalition
Anwar has missed several deadlines he personally set for the transfer of power. <mask> said he would need more time, and the recalibration of his message has not gone unnoticed: Deputy Prime Minister Najib Razak chose that day to

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 initiate a broadband internet program <mask> opposes, saying that he had not doubted that the government would still be in office on 16 September. Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi too pointed out that <mask> had missed his own deadline, and dismissed his claim to have secured the defection of 30 MPs.By 25 September, <mask> had still not amassed enough votes, creating doubts for Malaysians about whether he was really ready to take power, particularly in light of his failure to meet his own 16 September deadline for the transition of power. In the interim, UMNO had its own party meeting to broker Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi's step down from power in June 2009, a year earlier than previously promised

On 24 October 2008, <mask> admitted problems with his stalled bid to topple the UMNO's majority, saying that Pakatan Rakyat is running out of options to create a majority. His "credibility among ordinary Malaysians has been somewhat dented after Sept 16 and the new promise of forming the Government has not generated the sort of anticipation or excitement as before." Media within the country have taken an increasingly hostile view towards <mask>'s protestations and failed threats to assemble a majority government. 2013 general election

In the 2013 general election (GE13), <mask> <mask>, as the Leader of the Opposition, led his Pakatan Rakyat coalition (comprising the three parties DAP, PAS, and PKR) to contest in the election. On 25 February 2013, Pakatan Rakyat launched their manifesto titled The People's Manifesto: Pakatan the hope of the people, pledging to reduce their financial burden, among other promises. Anwar said that he would step down from politics if his team did not win the election.During an interview with Australian media, he stated that "I will try my best. I am confident

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Ibrahim


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 we will win. But if not, I will step down." Pakatan Rakyat did not achieve the regime change target in the election despite obtaining 50.9% of the popular vote compared to the 47.4% gained by Barisan Nasional. This was attributed to the heavy malapportionment of the electoral districts. Pakatan Rakyat also gained 7 more parliamentary seats compared to the 12th general election. Anwar did not concede defeat, alleging widespread electoral fraud.Al Jazeera reported that <mask> <mask> came close to winning the election on 5 May 2013 but refused to admit defeat, and therefore also did not step down. In an interview for ABC News, interviewer Jim Middleton suggested that <mask> <mask> was going to be the Lee Kuan Yew of the Malaysian opposition. Anwar answered that he was not at that stage yet. On 7 May 2013, <mask> <mask> vowed to lead a "fierce movement" to reform the country's electoral system and challenge the results of an election he lost. On 8 May 2013, about 120,000 people wearing black gathered at Petaling Jaya Stadium, Kelana Jaya, Selangor, to attend a rally organised by Anwar to protest against the election results and demand a free and fair election. The #Black505 movement continued for another 2 months with touring all over the country. A successful fundraising #Black505 dinner was held in Thean Hou Temple hall on 22 June 2013, hosted by Wangsa Maju MP Datuk Dr Tan Kee Kwong on behalf of PKR.<mask> <mask> immediately launched electoral petitions for over 30 disputed parliamentary seats in July 2013. However, the cases were thrown off election court for technical reasons. Kajang Move

On 27 January 2014, the member of the Selangor State Legislative Assembly for Kajang, Lee Chin Cheh, resigned. This triggered a by-election. A day later, <mask> <mask> was announced as Pakatan Rakyat

masks: Anwar Ibrahim Anwar Ibrahim Anwar Ibrahim Anwar Ibrahim Anwar Ibrahim


title: Anwar Ibrahim

texts:
 candidate for the by-election. <mask>i Besar. Later, this move was known as the "Kajang Move".This move, however, did not materialize as he was sentenced to five years' prison after Malaysia's Court of Appeal overturned his sodomy acquittal, causing <mask> to lose his qualification to be the state assembly candidate. On 9 March 2014, PKR announced party president Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail as its new candidate for the Kajang by-election. <mask>'s Datuk Seri title was stripped by the Sultan of Selangor for "repeated questioning of the integrity" of the state's ruler during the subsequent crisis that saw the Sultan refuse to appoint Wan Azizah as Menteri Besar. <mask> was able to continue using the "Datuk Seri" title because it had also been conferred on him by several other Malaysian states. Second sodomy conviction

2008 allegations of sodomy

On 29 June 2008, online news portal Malaysiakini reported that a male aide of <mask>, Saiful Bukhari Azlan, had lodged a police report claiming that he had been sodomised by <mask>. Anwar said that the possibility of a prison sentence as a result of the allegations could be seen as an attempt to remove him from the leadership of the opposition following his growing support and by-election victories. He also reaffirmed his innocence and cited evidence in the form of medical reports.In July 2008, he was arrested over allegations of sodomy again, but was acquitted of the charge in January 2012 by The High Court. The presiding judge ruled that DNA evidence used in the case had been compromised and was unreliable. The prosecution filed an appeal against the acquittal. In March 2014 the appeal court overruled the high Court reinstating the conviction. The decision came as Anwar was preparing to contest a by-election on 23 March 2014, which he was expected to

masks: Anwarter Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

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 win. The conviction prevented him from standing. Human Rights Watch was critical of the decision, saying it was politically motivated.Two years later, The Court of Appeal overturned the acquittal by unanimously deciding that the High Court failed to "critically evaluate" the evidence submitted by government chemist Dr Seah Lay Hong. As part of his overturned acquittal on 4 March 2014, <mask> was sentenced to five years in jail. Human Rights Watch and the International Commission of Jurists have accused the Malaysian government of meddling in this particular judicial matter and said the verdict was politically motivated. On 10 February 2015, the Federal Court of Malaysia upheld the decision of the Court of Appeal and affirmed the five-year prison sentence. He was sent immediately to Sungai Buloh Prison, Selangor, to serve the sentence. Pakatan Harapan backbencher (2018–2020)

Royal pardon and release
After the Pakatan Rakyat's dissolution during his imprisonment, a new opposition coalition named the Pakatan Harapan was formed with <mask> as the de facto leader in absentia. The coalition had come into power by over-throwing Barisan Nasional in the 2018 general election (GE14).Following the formation of the new ruling government, <mask> was given a full royal pardon and was released from prison on 16 May 2018. He was designated to take over the reins from interim Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad as planned and agreed by the coalition before GE14. In an interview, he justified his reluctance to immediately step into power on the basis that Mahathir has appeared committed to the reform agenda, and doing a good job tackling a "disintegrating" political system. He also added that he was keen to travel and honour speaking engagements. Anwar also indicated that he initially had reservations about

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Anwar Ibrahim

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 Mahathir's "reconciliation efforts", but he eventually forgave his former enemy after Mahathir showed "compassion and concern which (<mask>) thought was absent in the past". Return to politics and PD Move

<mask> contested in the Port Dickson by-election, dubbed as PD Move which was set to allow him to return to Parliament. He won with an increased majority, albeit with a lower turnout, and returned to parliament again after 3 years of absence.Sheraton Move and return to opposition

In late February 2020, the Pakatan Harapan government of Dr Mahathir Mohamad collapsed following defections by <mask>'s deputy, Azmin Ali, and several PKR MP's aligned to him, along with the withdrawal of Bersatu by party President Muhyyidin Yassin from Pakatan Harapan. Mahathir promptly resigned from the premiership, as well as from his party, Bersatu. The political manoeuvring has been labelled the "Sheraton Move" for the hotel in Petaling Jaya at which defecting MP's gathered with the opposition to show support for a new government. Following the resignation of Mahathir, <mask> attempted to gather support for his appointment as Prime Minister. However, Bersatu president, Muhyiddin Yassin, was eventually appointed Prime Minister, with the support of a slender majority in the Dewan Rakyat. Thus, Pakatan Harapan returned to the opposition benches, while <mask> was named Opposition Leader. Second term as Leader of the Opposition (2020-present)

While Muhyiddin formed a government under the auspices of a new coalition known as Perikatan Nasional, Mahathir attempted to regain his post with his Pakatan allies.However, under <mask>'s leadership, Keadilan refused to endorse Mahathir's bid for a third term as premier, claiming the nonagenarian had reneged on his repeated pledge to handover the office to <mask>.