title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: weather that allowed the transport aircraft to drop the battalion accurately around the airfield at Souk el Arba. Most of the paratroopers landed successfully, but one man was killed when his rigging line twisted around his neck mid drop, throttling him; one officer broke his leg on landing, and four men were wounded when a Sten gun was accidentally fired. The battalion's second in command, Major Alastair Pearson, remained at the airfield with a small detachment that collected the airborne equipment and supervised the burial of the casualty. Meanwhile, <mask> led the rest of the battalion, approximately 525 strong, in some commandeered trucks towards the town of Béja, an important road and railway centre approximately forty miles from the airfield. The battalion arrived at approximately 18:00 and was welcomed by the local French garrison, 3,000 strong, which <mask> persuaded to cooperate with the paratroopers; in order to give the garrison and any German observers the impression that he possessed a larger force than he actually did, <mask> arranged for the battalion to march through the town several times, wearing different headgear and holding different equipment each time. A short time after the battalion entered Béja, German aircraft arrived and bombed the town, although they caused little damage and no casualties.The next day, 'S' Company was sent with a detachment of engineers to the village of Sidi N'Sir, about twenty miles away; they were to contact the local French forces, believed to be pro British, and harass German forces. The detachment found the village and made contact with the


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

type: original

texts: French, who allowed them to pass through towards the town of Mateur; by nightfall the force had not reached the town, and decided to encamp for the night. At dawn a German convoy of armoured cars passed the detachment, and it was decided to set an ambush for the convoy if it returned, with anti-tank mines being laid on the road and a mortar and Bren guns being set up in concealed positions. When the convoy returned at approximately 10:00 the leading vehicle struck a mine and exploded, blocking the road, and the other vehicles were disabled with mortar fire, Gammon bombs and the remaining anti tank mines. A number of Germans were killed and the rest taken prisoner, with two paratroopers being slightly wounded. The detachment returned to Béja with prisoners and several slightly damaged armoured cars. After the success of the ambush, <mask> sent a second patrol to harass local German forces, but it was withdrawn after it encountered a larger German force that inflicted several British casualties; Béja was also bombed by Stuka divebombers, inflicting civilian casualties and destroying a number of houses.On 19 November, <mask> visited the commanding officer of the French forces guarding a vital bridge at Medjez el Bab, and warned him that any attempt by German forces to cross the bridge would be opposed by the battalion. <mask> attached 'R' Company to the French forces to ensure the bridge was not captured. German forces soon arrived at the bridge, and their commanding officer demanded that they be allowed to take control of the bridge and cross it to attack the British positions. The French rejected

masks: Hill Hill Hill


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: the German demands, and in conjunction with 'R' Company repelled subsequent German attacks that lasted several hours. The battalion was reinforced by the U.S. 175th Field Artillery Battalion and elements of the Derbyshire Yeomanry, but, despite fierce resistance, the German forces proved to be too strong, and by 04:30 on 20 November the Allied forces had yielded the bridge and the surrounding area to the Germans. Two days later, <mask> received information that a strong Italian force, which included a number of tanks, was stationed at Gue Hill. <mask> decided to attack the force and attempt to disable the tanks, and the following night moved the battalion, less a small guard detachment that remained at Béja, to Sidi N'Sir where it linked up with a force of French Senegalese infantry.<mask> decided that the battalion's section of 3 inch mortars would cover 'R' and 'S' Companies as they advanced up Gue Hill and attacked the Italian force, while a small force of sappers would mine the road at the rear of the hill to ensure the Italian tanks could not retreat. The battalion arrived at the hill without incident and began to prepare for the attack; however, just prior to the beginning of the attack there were several loud explosions from the rear of the hill. The anti tank grenades carried by the sappers had accidentally detonated, killing all but two of them. The battalion lost the element of surprise, and <mask> immediately ordered the two companies to advance up the hill. The force reached the top and engaged a mixed force of German and Italian soldiers, who were assisted by three light tanks. <mask>

masks: Hill Hill Hill Hill Hill


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts:
 drew his revolver, and with his adjutant and a small group of paratroopers advanced on the tanks, firing shots through their observation ports in an attempt to persuade the crews to surrender. This tactic worked on two tanks, but upon reaching the third tank <mask> and his men were fired upon by the tank's crew; <mask> was shot three times in the chest and his adjutant wounded, although the tank crew were swiftly dispatched with small arms fire.<mask> survived because of prompt medical treatment, and was replaced as commander of the battalion by Major Pearson, who supervised the routing of the rest of the German and Italian soldiers. Normandy

After his injuries were treated, <mask> was evacuated to a hospital in North Africa to recover; although forbidden to do so, he often exercised by climbing out of the window of his hospital ward at night. For his actions in North Africa, he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO), which "paid tribute to the brilliant handling of his force and his complete disregard of personal danger," as well as the French Légion d'honneur. By February 1943 he had recovered from his injuries, and was flown back to England where he met up with Brigadier Gerald W. Lathbury, commander of the newly raised 3rd Parachute Brigade. The War Office had authorised the raising of the brigade on 5 November 1942, comprising the 7th, 8th and 9th Parachute Battalions, all converted infantry battalions. The 9th Parachute Battalion was in need of a commanding officer and Lathbury offered the job to <mask>, who accepted. His first action was to send the entire unit on a forced


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: march, at the end of which he announced that the battalion would "work a six and a half day week" with Sunday afternoons off, until it was well-trained and fit.The 3rd Parachute Brigade was initially attached to the 1st Airborne Division, but in April 1943 Lathbury was given command of 1st Parachute Brigade, which departed with 1st Airborne Division at the end of April for the Mediterranean theatre and Operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily. The 3rd Parachute Brigade was detached from the division in March and remained in England, and on 23 April it was transferred into the newly formed 6th Airborne Division with <mask> as the brigade's new commander. On 11 August, 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion was attached to the 3rd Parachute Brigade; although meant to be assigned to the newly formed 5th Parachute Brigade, also attached to the 6th Airborne Division, it instead replaced the 7th Parachute Battalion, which was transferred to the new parachute brigade. The 6th Airborne Division, under the command of Major-General Richard Nelson Gale, was fully mobilised by late December 1943, with orders to prepare for airborne operations to be conducted during mid-1944. The division's first airborne operation would also be the first time it saw combat, conducting Operation Tonga, the British airborne landings in Normandy on the night of 5/6 June, D-Day. It was tasked with guarding the left flank of the British amphibious landings by securing the area east of the city of Caen, capturing a number of bridges that spanned several rivers and canals, and then preventing any Axis forces from advancing on the British


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: beaches. The 3rd Parachute Brigade was given several tasks to accomplish.The 9th Parachute Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Terence Otway, was to assault and destroy the Merville Gun Battery, as well as capturing high ground and setting up roadblocks. The 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion was to destroy two bridges, and the 8th Parachute Battalion had the task of destroying three bridges. When the operation began, the brigade suffered from a combination of poor navigation by the pilots of their C-47 Dakota transport aircraft, heavy cloud cover and incorrectly marked drop zones, which led to all of its units being scattered over a wide area; <mask> himself was dropped with several sticks from the 1st Canadian and 9th Parachute Battalions near the River Dives. He landed in a submerged river rank approximately half a mile from Cabourg, and was forced to wade through four feet of water and a number of flooded irrigation ditches before reaching dry land; the same flooded areas claimed the lives of a number of paratroopers from his brigade. Collecting up a number of his men, he headed for the town of Sallenelles, where he hoped to find out how the 9th Parachute Battalion had fared assaulting the Merville Battery. En route, however, he and his party were strafed by low-flying German aircraft, forcing the paratroopers to dive for cover; when the aircraft had departed <mask> stood up again, finding that he had been wounded in the buttocks and the officer next to him had been killed. Most of the other men had either been killed or wounded during the attack, leaving only himself and the commander of

masks: Hill Hill


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: his headquarters defence platoon; once first aid had been administered to the wounded, <mask> continued on and finally managed reach Ranville, where the headquarters of the General Officer Commanding (GOC), Major-General Gale, had been set up.After being informed by Gale that his brigade had successfully completed its objectives, <mask> had his wound tended to, and then travelled to his own headquarters; there he found Lieutenant Colonel Pearson in temporary command, who informed him that many the brigade's staff had been killed during the drop. By 00:00 on the night of 6/7 June, the entire division was fully deployed on the eastern flank of the invasion beaches. The 3rd Parachute Brigade was holding a  front, with the 9th Parachute Battalion at Le Plein, 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion at Les Mesneil and the 8th Parachute Battalion in the southern part of the Bois de Bavent. For the rest of its time in Normandy the division acted in an infantry role. From 7 June until 16 August, it first consolidated and then expanded its bridgehead. The 3rd Parachute Brigade was responsible for a section of front around the Chateau Saint Come and a nearby manor, with the latter being used as the brigade's primary defensive position. The brigade was positioned next to the 1st Special Service Brigade, and from 7 June onwards German pressure rapidly increased against both brigade's positions, with a number of attacks being repelled between then and 10 June.On 10 June the decision was taken to expand the bridgehead to the east of the River Orne, with the 6th Airborne Division tasked with achieving this; however, it


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: was deemed not to be strong enough, and the 5th Battalion, Black Watch was placed under the 3rd Parachute Brigade's command; the battalion launched an attack on the town of Breville on 11 June, but was met with extremely heavy resistance and was repulsed after suffering a number of casualties. The next day 3rd Parachute Brigade's entire front was subjected to fierce artillery bombardment and assaults by German tanks and infantry, with the Germans particularly focusing on the positions held by 9th Parachute Battalion. Both the 9th Parachute Battalion and the remnants of the 5th Black Watch defended the Chateau Saint Come but were gradually forced to retreat. Lieutenant Colonel Otway informed brigade headquarters, some  away, that his battalion would be unable to hold its ground for much longer; upon hearing this message, Brigadier <mask> gathered together forty paratroopers from the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion and led a counter-attack that forced the German troops to withdraw. German attempts to breach the 9th Parachute Battalion's positions did not end until 12 June, and <mask> stated that the period 7–12 June were "five of the toughest days fighting I saw in five years of war." It was during this period that <mask> was awarded the first Bar to his Distinguished Service Order, after supervising an assault by 12th Parachute Battalion on the town of Breville; the town dominated a long ridge near the Allied bridgehead, from which the German 346th Infantry Division launched repeated attacks. From then on until mid-August the division remained in static positions, holding the left flank of the


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts:
 Allied bridgehead and conducting vigorous patrolling.Finally, on 7 August the division was ordered to prepare to move over to the offensive, and on the night of 16/17 August it began to advance against stiff German opposition, its ultimate objective being the mouth of the River Seine (see 6th Airborne Division advance to the River Seine). <mask>'s 3rd Parachute Brigade led the division's advance, being held up until nightfall at the village of Goustranville, but then securing several bridges and allowing the 5th Parachute Brigade to pass through its positions and continue the division's advance. The brigade remained around the Dives canal for several days, and then on 21 August it advanced towards Pont L'Eveque, but was stalled by German infantry and armour near Annebault until 8th Parachute Battalion secured the village. Fighting continued to be fierce, but by 24 August the entire division had advanced across the River Touques. After another three days of reorganising and patrolling, the division's time in Normandy came to an end; in nine days it had advanced 45 miles, captured  of occupied territory and taken prisoner over 1,000 German soldiers. Its casualties for the period were 4,457, of which 821 would be killed, 2,709 wounded and 927 missing. It was finally withdrawn from the frontline in the last days of August, and embarked for England at the beginning of September.Ardennes

On 16 December 1944, the Germans launched a huge offensive in the Ardennes forest, with the German objective to split British and American forces apart and capture the port of Antwerp, an important logistical base for


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: the Allies. The initial assaults were extremely successful, creating a salient some fifty miles wide and forty-five miles deep, and by 23 December German units were advancing towards Dinant. American resistance was fierce, however, and blunted German advances in several areas, particularly the U.S. 101st Airborne Division around the town of Bastogne. By Christmas Day the offensive had been halted and contained, and an Allied counter-offensive began. Although the majority of the troops committed belonged to the American First and Third Armies, British XXX Corps also participated, with the British 6th Airborne Division as one of its leading divisions. The division had been in England since the beginning of September, and had been due to go on Christmas leave only days before the counter-offensive began; however, it was quickly transported to the Ardennes, arriving on the night of 24 December. By 26 December the 6th Airborne Division, now commanded by Major-General Eric Bols, had positioned itself between the towns of Dinant and Namur, and on 29 December it advanced against the German salient, with the 3rd Parachute Brigade, under <mask>, occupying an area around Rochefort.When the German offensive had begun, <mask> had been in hospital, undergoing reconstructive plastic surgery; this meant that he was unable to join the 3rd Parachute Brigade for two days. When he had recovered, however, he and his batman were flown to the Ardennes and he was able to rejoin the brigade. The 5th Parachute Brigade launched several attacks against German positions in the village of Bure, which resulted in heavy British

masks:
James Hill
Hill


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: with securing the northern portion of the airborne bridgehead, including Hamminkeln, a section of high ground to the east of Bergen, and several bridges over the River Issel. <mask>'s 3rd Parachute Brigade was to drop at the north-eastern corner of the Diersfordterwald forest and clear the western portion of the forest. It would then seize a hill known as the Schneppenberg, secure a road junction near Bergen and eventually link up with the 5th Parachute Brigade. The 3rd Parachute Brigade dropped nine minutes later than planned, but otherwise landed accurately on drop zone 'A'. <mask> landed near to the Diersfordterwald forest, which was occupied by German soldiers "who are switched-on people," killing a number of paratroopers whose parachutes became tangled up in the trees.His brigade headquarters was positioned by a copse which was supposed to have been immediately cleared, but when he arrived it was still occupied by German troops; <mask> immediately ordered a company commander of the 8th Parachute Battalion to clear the copse. The officer did so, but was killed in the process. <mask> then moved his headquarters to the copse, but was then nearly killed by an approaching glider which barely managed to pull up in time, landing in the trees above him; upon investigation, <mask> discovered that it contained his batman and personal Jeep, which took some time to lower down safely. The brigade suffered a number of casualties as it engaged the German forces in the Diersfordter Wald, but by 11:00 hours the drop zone was all but completely clear of enemy forces and all battalions of the brigade had formed


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts: up. The key town of Schnappenberg was captured by the 9th Parachute Battalion in conjunction with the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion, the latter unit having lost its commanding officer to German small-arms fire only moments after he had landed. Despite taking casualties the brigade cleared the area of German forces, and by 13:45 <mask> could report that the brigade had secured all of its objectives. With Varsity a success, the 6th Airborne Division was ordered by Major General Matthew Ridgway, commander of U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, to advance eastwards.It was supported by the 6th Guards Tank Brigade, and many of the airborne troops used unconventional transport during the advance, including captured German staff cars, prams and even horses. <mask> requisitioned a motorcycle for his batman and travelled alongside the 3rd Parachute Brigade as it advanced; at one point his batman stopped the motorcycle and relieved a captured German colonel of his binoculars before driving off again. <mask> disapproved of battlefield looting and admonished his batman, although eventually relented by stating "If you can get me a pair [as well], you can keep them!" At midnight, 27/28 March the division came under the control of British VIII Corps, commanded by Lieutenant-General Evelyn Barker, and became part of the general Allied advance through Germany towards the Baltic Sea, with the 3rd Parachute Brigade as the division's leading unit. German resistance continued to be heavy, but the division managed to advance at a rapid pace despite this, with the brigade at one point advancing fifteen miles in twenty-four


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts:
 hours, with eighteen of those being spent in combat. By early April the 6th Airborne reached the River Weser, with the brigade approaching it near the town of Minden, accompanied by armoured support; as it did so, the brigade found itself moving parallel to several German tanks, with <mask> sitting on the rear of one of the British tanks. Both sides opened fire, but did little damage, the two German tanks managing to outpace the brigade.The brigade continued its fast pace of advance, with <mask> continuing to ride pillion on his motorcycle, and by 23 April it had reached the River Elbe, having advanced 103 miles in fourteen days; the division had captured more than 19,000 prisoners during this period. After crossing the Elbe, the division once again came under the command of U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, with General Ridgway informing Major General Bols that it was vital the division reach the port of Wismar before the approaching Russian Army did, to ensure that Denmark was not occupied by the Soviet Union. Although the 5th Parachute Brigade was ordered to lead the division's advance, <mask> was determined to reach Wismar first; after an extremely rapid advance he succeeded, with troops from the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion being the first to enter Wismar, beating an advancing Russian tank column by only a few miles. A few days later, on 7 May 1945, Germany surrendered and the war in Europe came to an end. <mask> was awarded a second Bar to his DSO for his command of the 3rd Parachute Brigade during its advance from the Rhine to the Elbe, as well as the American Silver Star. Post-war career

In

masks: Hill Hill Hill Hill


title: James Hill (British Army officer)

texts:
 May 1945 <mask> served as military governor of Copenhagen, for which he was awarded the King Haakon VII Liberty Cross, and then assumed command of the 1st Parachute Brigade and oversaw its demobilisation. He retired from the British Army in July 1945, although he continued to serve as an officer in the Territorial Army, raising the 4th Parachute Brigade (Territorial Army) in 1947 and serving as its commanding officer until 1949.After standing down as commander of the brigade, <mask> served on the board of a number of companies, including Lloyds Bank, the Associated Coal and Wharf Companies, and Powell Duffryn of Canada. <mask> was an avid birdwatcher, with a particular claim to fame for being only the second person to discover a cuckoo's egg in the nest of a whinchat. He also helped to set up the Parachute Regiment Association and the Airborne Forces Security fund, acting as a trustee of the latter organisation for thirty years and chairman for five years. <mask> married for a second time, wedding Joan Patricia Haywood in 1986. On 6 June 2004 he attended the 60th Anniversary of the Normandy landings, and a bronze statue of him was unveiled at Le Mesnil crossroads by Charles, Prince of Wales, Colonel-in-Chief of The Parachute Regiment. He died on 16 March 2006, two days after his 95th birthday. He is survived by his second wife and a daughter from the first marriage, Gillian Bridget Sanda.References

Bibliography

External links
British Army Officers 1939−1945
Generals of World War II
Imperial War Museum Interview

1911 births
2006 deaths
British Army brigadiers
British Army brigadiers of World War


title: Bardylis

texts:
<mask> (also Bardyllis ; ;  448 – c. 358 BC) was an Illyrian king, and the founder of the first attested Illyrian dynasty. During his reign, Bardylis united many southern Illyrian tribes under his realm and defeated the Macedonians and Molossians several times, reigning over Upper Macedonia and Lynkestis. He also led raids against Epirus, but his soldiers were quickly expelled from the region. According to ancient sources, Bardylis lived to over 90 years. According to these sources, Bardylis lived a long time and was at an advanced age when he faced Philip II of Macedon in 358 BC and at whose hands he died after Philip rejected his offer of peace based on Bardylis retaining conquered lands. Grabos II appears as another powerful Illyrian king after Bardylis's death. Bardylis' son Cleitus revolted with the help of Taulantian king Glaukias against Alexander the Great in the siege of Pelium undertaken in 335 BC.Etymology

Pavle Ivić and Alexandru Rosetti have connected the name Bardylis with Albanian i bardhë "white", while another opinion explains the name as a combination of i bardhë with Albanian yll "star". According to Stuart Edward Mann, this second interpretation is a folk etymology. German linguist Paul Kretschmer argues that the name Bardylis is connected with the word "bardulos", which according to him means "grey" in the language of the Messapii in southern Italy. Life

<mask> was born around the year 448 BC. <mask> became king despite his humble roots. A charcoal-burner and coal miner, he gained power by force and enjoyed the sympathy of the Dardanian warriors because he

masks: Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis


title: Bardylis

texts: divided the spoils of war fairly and impartially. <mask> did not succeed Sirras, but rather the previous Illyrian king who had entered into a peace treaty with Amyntas II over the control of Lynkestis.Bardylis succeeded in bringing the various Illyrian tribes together and soon made Dardania into a formidable power in the Balkans, resulting in a change in relations with Macedon. There is nothing on record to identify the Dardanian centre of power, save for the fact that Philip's victory in 358 BC involved him gaining control of Lynkestis. Therefore, Bardylis' capital may have been located in this region. However, the seat of power may have been located in the heart of the Dardanian State, corresponding to what is now Kosovo. <mask>, unlike previous Illyrian kings, developed both the military and economic aspects of his state. His subjects, the Damastini, began to issue fine silver coins from c. 395 BC in the Illyrian city of Damastion. These coins adopted a version of the standard coins and some emblems of the then powerful Chalcidian League.They also exported silver in ingot form. Other coins were issued from around 365 BC in Daparria, a mining city in what is now Kosovo which used the same standard and types as the coinage of the Damastini. The distribution of the coins suggest that Bardylis built up trade within the central Balkans and northwards to the Danube, which was far from the areas dominated by the Greek traders. Dionysius of Syracuse tried to take advantage of Bardylis's growing trade when he established colonies in the Adriatic. It is probable that Bardylis, unlike

masks: Bardylis Bardylis


title: Bardylis

texts:
 previous Illyrian kings, built a few fortified cities, for Lychnidus and Pelion in Lynkestis were walled sites probably before the accession of Philip. Bardylis was an ambitious Illyrian ruler, who (according to Tertullian) after seeing a sign in a dream, embarked on a series of military victories which allowed him to extend Illyrian rule over the Molossians and other regional tribes, as far as the frontiers of Macedon. Rulership

Macedonian campaigns

It seems that Bardylis opposed the agreement between Amyntas III and Sirras and invaded Macedon in 393 BC.Bardylis used new warfare tactics never before used by any of the Illyrians. He won a decisive battle against Amyntas III, expelled him, and ruled Macedon through a puppet king. In 392 BC, Amyntas III allied himself with the Thessalians and was able to bring Macedon back under his rule from the Dardanians. However, the Illyrians were constantly raiding the northern frontiers of Macedon. After continuous invasions, <mask> was able to force Macedon to pay him an annual tribute in 372 BC. In 370 BC, the Macedonian king Amyntas III died, having restored the fortunes of his kingdom after the Illyrian disasters from earlier in his reign. His marriage to Eurydice, daughter of Lyncestian prince Sirras produced three sons and a daughter.His eldest son was Alexander II. In 369 BC, Bardylis prevented Alexander II from eliminating the Dardanians from Macedonia. After the battle, <mask> was said to have briefly held Philip II, the youngest brother of Alexander II, as a hostage. In 368 BC, Alexander II was succeeded by his brother Perdiccas


title: Bardylis

texts:
 III. The Paeonians began a series of raids against the Macedonians in support of a Dardanian invasion from the north. Perdiccas III, king of Macedonia, humiliated by the indignity of having to pay tribute to the Dardanians, marched north in the spring of 359 BC with the Macedonian army to resolve the issue by battle. This was not the first occasion in which he had fought against <mask>, but the Macedonians lost the battle.The king himself was among the 4,000 Macedonian dead. The remainder, panic-stricken after having become exceedingly afraid of the Illyrian army, lost heart for continuing the war. This was the worst loss suffered by the Macedonians in their efforts to free themselves from the Illyrian invaders. The Dardanians followed up their victory by expanding their control southward to Lake Lychnitis (Lake Ohrid) and westward into Upper Macedonia. Through the actions of <mask>, the Dardanians had brought Macedon close to collapse. When Philip II, the youngest of the three brothers assumed the throne, he was determined to subdue the Illyrians under Bardylis once and for all, and thus destroy the Illyrian menace. Raid on Epirus

In 385 BC, the Illyrians formed an alliance with the powerful tyrant Dionysius of Syracuse.The purpose of the agreement was the restoration to the throne of the Molossian Alcetas who had become a refugee living at the court of Dionysius. Both sides were interested in the benefits of such an alliance as it would secure Illyrian power and weaken the influence of the Spartans and Macedonians in Epirus. This would also give Dionysius an opportunity to


title: Bardylis

texts:
 strengthen trade opportunities along the shores of the Adriatic and Ionian seas. Dionysius sent 2,000 men and 5,000 weapons to the Illyrians who were prepared to go to war. With these new supplies, <mask> and his army invaded Epirus and slaughtered 15,000 Molossians. However, this action came to naught after the Spartans under Agesilaus intervened and expelled the Illyrians from the region. In 360 BC, another Illyrian attack forced the Molossian king Arymbas to evacuate his non-combatant population to Aetolia and he let the Illyrians loot the region again.The stratagem worked and the Molossians fell upon the Illyrians who were encumbered with booty and defeated them. In the same year Arymbas also defeated the Illyrians after they raided and looted Epirus. Battle of Erigon Valley

In 359 BC, Macedon was able to return to the field of battle against the Illyrians, after it had overcome the internal state of political chaos and removed the risk of attack from other opponents. When Philip II assumed the Macedonian throne, substantial areas of upper Macedonia remained under the control of Bardylis. In order to concentrate on the internal struggle necessary to secure his crown, Philip reaffirmed the treaty the Dardanians had imposed on Macedonia by force of arms and sealed the alliance by his marriage to Audata, great-granddaughter of Bardylis. This action undoubtedly deterred a full-scale Dardanian invasion of Macedon at a time when the country was most vulnerable. By the spring of 358 BC, Philip had at last secured his throne and was now able to address the occupation of north-west


title: Bardylis

texts: Macedon by Bardylis.When word of the mobilization of the Macedonian army came to <mask>'s attention, he proposed to Philip that they sign a treaty to maintain the status quo, provided that both parties maintain the cities that were already in their possession at the time. This was, of course, unacceptable to Philip because he was not prepared to accept any terms other than a full Dardanian withdrawal from north-west Macedonia. <mask>, however, was not inclined to give up his gains without a fight. Philip mobilized every able-bodied soldier in Macedon for the battle. Bardylis, as before, was not likely to take any prisoners, so any Macedonian defeat would result in crippling casualties. Although the two armies were almost equal in numbers – Bardylis's 500 cavalry and 10,000 infantry against Philip's force of 600 cavalry and 10,000 infantry – the Macedonians were far better trained and equipped. The armies met in battle on a plain in the Erigon Valley near Bitola, just south of Dardania.<mask> initially deployed in a linear formation with his strongest troops in the centre, similar to the phalanx formation. Philip concentrated his best troops, the hypaspists, on his right flank. As Philip advanced to engage <mask>, his cavalry turned one or two of <mask>' flanks, forcing him to redeploy into a defensive square formation. The Illyrians for quite some time withstood the assaults of the enemy. At first neither party had control of the battlefield, and so the battle continued for a long time. Eventually Philip's hypaspists succeeded in penetrating the right corner of the Dardanian

masks: Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis Bardylis


title: Bardylis

texts:
 forces, which other Macedonian troops were able to widen. This threw Bardylis's entire formation into disorder, after which it was quickly broken by the phalanx and routed from the battlefield.Thus Philip II of Macedon was able to defeat <mask>. Diodorus Siculus (1st century BC) writes of the event:

And at first for a long while the battle was evenly poised because of the exceeding gallantry displayed on both sides, and as many were slain and still more wounded, the fortune of battle vacillated first one way then the other, being constantly swayed by the valorous deeds of the combatants; but later as the horsemen pressed on from the flank and rear and Philip with the flower of his troops fought with true heroism, the mass of the Illyrians was compelled to take hastily to flight.When the pursuit had been kept up for a considerable distance and many had been slain in their flight, Philip recalled the Macedonians with the trumpet and erecting a trophy of victory buried his own dead, while the Illyrians, having sent ambassadors and withdrawn from all the Macedonian cities, obtained peace. But more than seven thousand Illyrians were slain in this battle. The battle had cost the Dardanians 7,000 casualties, almost three quarters of their initial army. <mask> himself was probably killed in this battle as he rode on horseback at the advanced age of 90. Although the Macedonians finally won the battle, Philip II saw that he was not able to follow the enemy and chase them. The Illyrians later sent representatives and settled terms for peace, releasing all the cities they had conquered from


title: Bardylis

texts:
 Macedonia.In this battle, the troubling issue of Lynkestis was resolved, changing the situation in the western borders in favour of Macedonia. Philip secured Macedon's north-west frontier by annexing Dardanian territory as far as Lake Lynkcesta (Lake Ohrid). This would form a defensive buffer against any future Illyrian raids attempted through the Drilon Valley. The borders between the Illyrian and the Macedonians remained around Lake Ohrid for a long time. Family

Bardylis had a son named Cleitus, a grandson named <mask> II. The daughter of <mask> II, princess Bircenna, married the Molossian king Pyrrhus of Epirus (c. 290 BC). See also
List of rulers of Illyria

References

Bibliography

Further reading

Illyrian royalty
440s BC births
350s BC deaths
5th-century BC rulers
4th-century BC


title: Pierre-André Kombila

texts:
Pierre-<mask> (born 8 May 1941) is a Gabonese politician, professor, and medical doctor. He was the First Secretary of the National Rally of Woodcutters (RNB), Gabon's main opposition party, from 1990 to 1998; he then led a split from the RNB, establishing the more radical National Rally of Woodcutters - Democrats (RNB-D) in 1998. He was nominated as the RNB-D's candidate for the 1998 presidential election, but received only a small share of the vote. Later, he abandoned his opposition to President Omar Bongo and joined the government, serving as Minister of Technical and Vocational Education from 2006 to 2009 and as Minister of Hydraulic Resources and New Energies in 2009. Following Bongo's death, he rejoined the opposition in mid-2009. Education and medical career
<mask> was born in Lac Anengué, near Port-Gentil, and studied medicine in France, becoming a cardiologist; he was also a member of the Federation of Black African Students in France. After graduating, <mask> declined job opportunities in Europe and chose to return home to Gabon in 1977; he was personally congratulated by President Omar Bongo on 6 September 1977.In 1978, he founded the cardiology department at the Central Hospital of Libreville. <mask>, an internationally respected cardiologist, is a member of the Pan-African Cardiology Society, as well as an associate member and correspondent of the French Cardiology Society. Political career during the 1990s
As an opposition politician, <mask> became First Secretary of the National Rally of Woodcutters (RNB) in 1990 and was elected to the National Assembly as an RNB candidate in the Moabi constituency of Nyanga Province in the 1990 parliamentary election. He was designated as the Chairman of the Committee for Free and Democratic Elections, an opposition body, in June

masks:
André Kombila Koumba
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila
Kombila


title: Pierre-André Kombila

texts:
 1993. Paul Mba Abessole, the President of the RNB, stood as the party's presidential candidate in the December 1993 presidential election. Official results showed President Bongo defeating Mba Abessole with a narrow first round majority of 51%; however, Mba Abessole said that he was the actual winner, declaring himself President and naming <mask> as his Prime Minister. Speaking to the Associated Press on this occasion, <mask> described the official results as "fraudulent" and said that he intended to form "a fighting government".<mask> remained a Deputy in the National Assembly until 1996 and was the publisher of the opposition paper Le Bûcheron. He was convicted of libel against President Bongo in January 1998 after Le Bûcheron published claims that Bongo practiced witchcraft, and he received a fine and a four-month suspended prison sentence. Prior to the December 1998 presidential election, <mask> was expelled from the RNB in July 1998, leading Kombila's supporters to form their own faction and nominate <mask> as their presidential candidate later in the month. Mba Abessole, who headed the other faction, accused <mask> of "treachery and indiscipline". As the candidate of the RNB-D, <mask> received 1.5% of the vote according to official results, well short of Mba Abessole's 13%. Omar Bongo won the election with over 66% of the vote; <mask> alleged widespread fraud. Political career since the late 1990s
<mask> was appointed as Director-General of Health in the late 1990s; he was subsequently appointed as Inspector-General of Health before being appointed as Director-General of Health again.In January 2000, he expressed disappointment with the prevalence of disease in Africa, saying that "this is not the African renaissance we expected"; furthermore, he said that, although Africans

masks: Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila


title: Pierre-André Kombila

texts:
 did "not expect outside solutions ... people must understand that these are not just our problems anymore. With globalization, they are everybody's." He said in December 2003 that an insufficient and declining rate of child vaccination in Gabon was leading to worrying increases in the prevalence of measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis, and neo-natal tetanus. Speaking in early 2004, he criticized traditional healers for spreading harmful, unscientific ideas, such as the notion that AIDS could be cured by having sex with a virgin. Prior to the November 2005 presidential election, <mask> was President of the Medical Commission for the presidential candidates; in that capacity, he was charged with evaluating the health of the candidates and determining whether they were in an appropriate physical condition to run for office. He reviewed Bongo's health on 10 October 2005. By the time of the 2005 election, <mask> had receded from prominence in Gabonese politics, but following Bongo's victory he was appointed to the government as Minister of State for Technical Education, Vocational Education, and the Professional Employment of Youth on 21 January 2006.In the December 2006 parliamentary election, <mask> was again elected to the National Assembly, winning the first seat in Moabi constituency as an RNB-D candidate. He was retained in his ministerial portfolio after the election, although he was subsequently reduced to the rank of ordinary minister on 29 December 2007. At the RNB-D's Third Ordinary Congress on 25–26 January 2008, the RNB-D decided to formally join the Presidential Majority and <mask> was elected to the newly created position of RNB-D President. 2009 events
Following President Bongo's death on 8 June 2009, <mask> was moved to the position of Minister of Hydraulic Resources

masks: Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila Kombila


title: Pierre-André Kombila

texts:
 and New Energies on 19 June 2009. Subsequently he and the RNB-D chose to support opposition candidate Pierre Mamboundou in the 30 August 2009 presidential election, and when a new government under Paul Biyoghé Mba was appointed on 22 July 2009, <mask> was not included. <mask> said that Biyoghé Mba was in office merely "to organize the victory of a candidate" (referring to PDG candidate Ali-Ben Bongo) and that he should resign along with his government; he also said that Interim President Rose Francine Rogombé should meet with the political class to discuss setting up a different structure to organize the election. PDG candidate Ali Bongo won the election according to official results.Opposition supporters in Port-Gentil began rioting following the announcement of results. As an opposition leader, Kombila was critical of the government's response to the rioting; on 9 September 2009 he said that 15 bodies were present in a local morgue and that scores of people might have been killed. He also suggested there might be credibility in a rumor that soldiers had been throwing dead bodies into the sea. Minister of Communications Laure Olga Gondjout said later on 9 September that only three people had been killed and that soldiers had not been involved in those deaths. She also criticized Kombila and other opposition leaders for their conduct in the wake of the election: "There are people who have used the media, used some journalists to appeal to hatred, to insurrection. Unfortunately, Gabonese youths are being brought before justice while the leaders are hiding in their homes." References

1941 births
Living people
Gabonese cardiologists
Members of the National Assembly of Gabon
Government ministers of Gabon
National Woodcutters' Rally – Democratic politicians
21st-century Gabonese

masks: Kombila Kombila


title: George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith

texts:
Admiral <mask>, 1st <mask>  (7 January 1746 – 10 March 1823) was a British naval officer active throughout the Napoleonic Wars. Career

Early service
<mask> was the fourth son of Charles Elphinstone, 10th Lord Elphinstone, and his wife Lady Clementina Fleming, the daughter and heiress of John Fleming, 6th Earl of Wigtown. Elphinstone was born on 7 January 1746 at Elphinstone Tower, Scotland. Of his three elder brothers, two joined the British Army while the third, William Fullerton Elphinstone, initially served in the Royal Navy before joining the East India Company. Elphinstone followed his third brother into the navy, joining the 100-gun ship of the line  on 4 November 1761. He stayed in her only briefly, transferring to the 44-gun frigate , commanded by Captain John Jervis, on 1 January of the following year. Serving in Gosport on the North American Station, Elphinstone saw action in the campaign that culminated in the removal of the French from Newfoundland at the Battle of Signal Hill in September.At the end of the year Gosport sailed back to Britain, and in March of the following year Elphinstone left her to instead join the 32-gun frigate HMS Juno. He stayed in Juno only briefly, transferring from her to the 20-gun frigate HMS Lively after two months. As part of the Mediterranean Fleet, Elphinstone served in Lively until January 1765, at which point he went on leave at home. His leave over, Elphinstone was next appointed to serve on the 32-gun frigate HMS Emerald in August 1766. In December, however, he obtained permission from his captain to leave Emerald in order to join his brother William's East India Company ship, Tryton, as third mate on a trip to China. The two brother's uncle, <mask>,

masks:
George Keith Elphinstone
Viscount Keith
George Elphinstone
George Keith


title: George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith

texts: soon able to restore order. He was equally successful at Plymouth, where the squadron was also in a state of effervescence. At the close of 1798, he was sent as second in command to St Vincent.It was for a long time a thankless post, for St Vincent was at once half incapacitated by ill-health and very arbitrary, while Horatio Nelson, who considered that <mask>'s appointment was a personal slight to himself, was peevish and insubordinate. In May 1799, he was unable to counter Bruix' expedition, mainly due to sparring among the British naval commanders. <mask> followed the enemy to Brest on their retreat, but was unable to bring them to action. He returned to the Mediterranean in November as commander-in-chief. He co-operated with the Austrians in the siege of Genoa, which surrendered on 4 June 1800. It was however immediately afterwards lost in consequence of the Battle of Marengo, and the French made their re-entry so rapidly that the admiral had considerable difficulty in getting his ships out of the harbour. The close of 1801 and the beginning of the following year were spent in transporting the army sent to recover Egypt from the French.As the naval force of the enemy was completely driven into port, the British admiral had no opportunity of an action at sea, but his management of the convoy carrying the troops, and of the landing at Aboukir, was greatly admired. He was made Baron <mask> of the United Kingdom, an Irish barony having been conferred on him in 1797. On the renewal of the war in 1803 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, North Sea (which at the time included Nore Command), which post he held till 1807. In February 1812 he was appointed commander-in-chief in the English Channel, and in

masks: Keith Keith Keith


title: George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith

texts:
 1814 he was raised to a viscountcy. During his last two commands he was engaged first in overlooking the measures taken to meet a threatened invasion, and then in directing the movements of the numerous small squadrons and private ships employed on the coasts of Spain and Portugal, and in protecting trade. He was at Plymouth when Napoleon surrendered and was brought to England in  by Captain Maitland (1777–1839). The decisions of the British government were expressed through him to the fallen Emperor.Lord <mask> refused to be led into disputes, and confined himself to declaring steadily that he had his orders to obey. He was not much impressed by the appearance of his illustrious charge and thought that the airs of Napoleon and his suite were ridiculous. Lord <mask> died in 1823 at Tulliallan Castle, near Kincardine-on-Forth, Fife, his property in Scotland, and was buried in the parish church. Family life
He was twice married: in 1787 to Jane Mercer, daughter of Colonel William Mercer of Aldie; and in 1808 to Hester Thrale, daughter of Henry Thrale and Hester Thrale, who is spoken of as 'Queeney' in Boswell's Life of Johnson and Mme d'Arblay's Diary. He had a daughter by each marriage, the second being Georgina Augusta Henrietta <mask>, but no son. Thus the viscountcy became extinct on his death, but the British and Irish baronies descended to his elder daughter Margaret (1788–1867), who married the Comte de Flahault de la Billarderie, only to become extinct on her death. A portrait of him by Owen is in the Painted Hall in Greenwich and another by <mask> in the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich.Freemasonry
He was initiated into Scottish Freemasonry in Lodge Holyrood House (St Luke's), No.44, on 16

masks:
Keith
Keith
Keith
George Sanders


title: George Elphinstone, 1st Viscount Keith

texts:
 June 1769. In fiction
Lord <mask> and his wife 'Queeney' appear in several of the novels in Patrick O'Brian's Aubrey–Maturin series. He is also mentioned in passing in Robert Brightwell's novel Flashman and the Seawolf, based loosely on the exploits of Thomas, Lord Cochrane (as indeed is, in part, the character of Jack Aubrey). Arms

Citations

References

Further reading
McCrannie, Kevin. Admiral Lord <mask> and the Naval War against Napoleon (New Perspectives on Maritime History and Nautical Archaeology). April 30, 2006
  Mercer, <mask>. Mercer on McCranie, 'Admiral <mask> and the Naval War against Napoleon'.Beyond Nelson: The Life of a Forgotten British Admiral. Reviewed by <mask> (Department of History, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia) Published on H-Maritime (November, 2006)

External links

 <mask>'s Papers  slowly being put online here. |-

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1746 births
1823 deaths
People from Stirling
Royal Navy admirals
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Scottish businesspeople
Peers of Ireland created by <mask>
Peers of the United Kingdom created by <mask> III
Viscounts in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Younger sons of barons
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Knights of the Order of the Crescent
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies
British MPs 1780–1784
British MPs 1784–1790
British MPs 1796–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Stirling

masks:
Keith
Keith
Keith
Lord Keith
Keith Mercer
Keith
George III
George


title: Edwin Barclay

texts:
<mask> (5 January 1882 – 6 November 1955) was a Liberian politician, poet, and musician who served as the 18th President of the country from 1930 until 1944. He was a member of the True Whig political party, which dominated the political governance of the country for decades. Under <mask>'s leadership, Liberia was an ally of the United States during World War II. Early life
<mask>'s paternal grandparents moved from Barbados to Liberia with their children in 1865. They were among a minority of immigrants from the Caribbean but shared with the Americo-Liberians a culture with an English base, considerable mixed-race ancestry, and a shared history. <mask>'s father, <mask>, and uncle, <mask>, became important politicians in Liberia. In 1901, at the age of 19, <mask> wrote a Liberian patriotic song, "The Lone Star Forever."<mask> and his wife Euphemia had three children. In addition, they fostered future Liberian Ambassador to the U.S., George Arthur Padmore (1915-2005). Children:
<mask> Dumbar, Siata <mask>, Earnest <mask>

Career
<mask>, a member of the True Whig Party which ruled at that time, served as secretary of state of Liberia in the government of Charles D.B. King from 1920 until 1930. He became President of Liberia in 1930 when President King and Vice President Allen Yancy resigned because of a scandal. He was elected in his own right for the first time in 1931. Presidency (1930-44)
<mask> was selected to complete King's term as president.One of his first official decisions was to repeal the famous Port of Entry Law of 1864 that had restricted the economic activities of foreigners in the country. Subsequently, in the early 1930s concession agreements were signed between the Liberian Government and Dutch, Danish, German and Polish investors. <mask> is credited with helping the country survive some of Liberia's greatest threats to its sovereignty in that country's history.

masks:
Edwin James Barclay
Barclay
Edwin Barclay
Edwin
Ernest Barclay
Arthur Barclay
Edwin
Barclay
Mary Barclay
Isabel Barclay
Barclay
Edwin Barclay
Barclay
Barclay


title: Edwin Barclay

texts:
 Act suspending payment of the Firestone loan until terms could be negotiated that were more in line with Liberia's ability to pay. The US suspended diplomatic relations but did not take further action. When <mask> appealed to the League of Nations for help, the Council of the League of Nations established a commission of inquiry. The report of the commission recommended providing financial aid to Liberia with certain conditions that reflected concerns that the government of Liberia would not be able to pay a renegotiated loan without some level of monitoring. Some European powers in the League of Nations had advocated mandate status for Liberia, a move which would have abrogated the independence of the republic. <mask> and other members of his cabinet objected to the proposed conditions on the grounds that they would infringe upon the sovereignty of Liberia.For example, one of the conditions would have required that the League's delegates be placed in key positions within the Liberian government. After <mask> implemented some of the measures that had been proposed by the League of Nations, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt restored diplomatic relations with Liberia in 1934. After three years of negotiation, an agreement was reached along lines suggested by the League. Two key League officials were placed in positions to advise the government, but with limitations set forth by the Liberian government. With this assistance program in place, Liberia was able to resume making loan payments. World War II

In 1937 President <mask>, under pressure from the United States, withdrew the concession agreement with the German investors, who were accused of sympathies with the Nazi regime in their home country. Until 3 January 1944, <mask> was Liberian President, to be succeeded by William Tubman.Strategic importance of Liberia
After the fall of Malaysia and Singapore to the Japanese during

masks: Barclay Barclay Barclay Barclay Barclay


title: Edwin Barclay

texts:
 World War II, Liberia became very strategically important as its rubber plantation was the only source of natural latex rubber available to the Allies, apart from plantations in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Among many other uses, natural rubber was needed to build tires for war planes, military jeeps, aircraft guns, and sensitive radar equipment. As a result of the simultaneous sharp increase in demand and drastic reduction in supply, prices soared for natural rubber in the United States and measures were taken to reduce demand. Writing in his memoirs, former U.S. Secretary of State Cordell Hull wrote, "With Japan's occupation of the Rubber producing areas in the Far East, Liberia became of greatly increased importance to us as one of the few remaining available sources of natural rubber." President <mask> assured the Americans that Liberia would supply all the natural rubber that the United States and its allies needed for the war effort. Defense Pact with the United States (1942)

In 1942 Liberia signed a Defense Pact with the United States. This commenced a period of strategic development, including the construction of roads, airports and other infrastructure projects.Robertsfield Airport was built with runways long enough for B-47 Stratojet bombers to land for refueling, giving Liberia the longest runway in Africa to this day. Provision of war supplies to the North African theater

The provision of war supplies to the North African theater was difficult, expensive, and time-consuming. German U-boats had taken complete control of the North Atlantic Ocean routes, making shipping in the North Atlantic Ocean hazardous to American warships and merchant vessels. In order to transport American soldiers and war supplies to North Africa, the United States needed to open up a South American-Liberian air corridor. Because of its proximity to South America, Liberia became the first major West


title: Edwin Barclay

texts:
 African bridgehead for the South Atlantic air ferry route. For this reason, the Liberian Government also granted to the United States use of its territory to store war supplies and to construct military bases in Montserrado County and Grand Cape Mount County at Fisherman's Lake. United States military supplies were collected in Florida, transported through South America to Brazil, then flown from Brazil to the military depot at Roberts Field.There 5,000 United States African-American troops stored and maintained the inventory. From Roberts Field, the war supplies were flown to their final destinations in Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria. Franklin Roosevelt's visit to Liberia (1943)

Liberia's strategic importance to the Allied war effort was evidenced by the fact that, in January 1943, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt traveled to Liberia after participating in the Casablanca Conference in order to secure Liberia's support. Roosevelt's objectives were to negotiate the establishment of U.S. military bases in Liberia, secure Liberia's commitment to continue supplying the U.S. with natural rubber, urge the Liberian government to expel German citizens and persuade it to abandon its neutrality and declare war on the Axis powers. In May 1943, <mask> visited the United States. He was the first black man to be officially introduced from the rostrum of the United States Congress as a guest of honor. Retirement
<mask> retired in 1944 and was replaced by William Tubman.He ran against Tubman in the 1955 presidential election, but received only about 1100 votes. He died a few months later. See also

 History of Liberia
 Americo-Liberians
 President of Liberia

References

Americo-Liberian people
1882 births
1955 deaths
Liberian people of Barbadian descent
Foreign Ministers of Liberia
Presidents of Liberia
World War II political leaders
True Whig Party politicians
20th-century Liberian

masks:
Edwin Barclay
Barclay


title: Josef Newgarden

texts:
<mask> (born December 22, 1990) is an American race car driver that competes in the IndyCar Series full-time for Team Penske. He is the 2017 and 2019 IndyCar Series Champion and 2011 Indy Lights champion. Career

Karting
Newgarden's first race vehicle was a Motorized scooter purchased at a skate shop in Hendersonville, Tennessee. In 2001, Newgarden competed in events across the country. After a year of this, his father purchased a kart. When he was 13, he and his family ventured far outside of Tennessee to find a competitive kart racing environment. This led Newgarden to a kart racing facility in New Castle, Indiana that had recently been launched by IndyCar driver Mark Dismore.In an order to stay efficient with funding, Newgarden would focus on local and regional championships rather than competing nationally. In just his first year of karting (2005), Newgarden would finish 2nd and 3rd in the Kart Racers of America (KRA) Junior Can Championship. He would also compete in the TAG world championships that year in the junior division, securing the title. In 2006, he would have his most successful year in karting, securing two championships in the KRA Junior Can division and repeating as the TAG World Champion in the junior division. He would go on to compete in junior car racing in 2007 but would return to karting several times down the road, racing in the highly competitive Robo-Pong 200 at New Castle Motorsports Park several times over the next few years. He would win the 200-mile endurance race twice with both successes coming with members of the Dismore family as his teammates (Mark Dismore Sr in 2011 and Mark Dismore Jr in 2013). Early formula car racing

Skip Barber


title: Josef Newgarden

texts:
<mask> started his open-wheel car career in the Skip Barber Racing School series in 2006.He finished as runner-up in the Southern Regional Series with three wins and another seven podium places. He next competed in the 2007 BFGoodrich / Skip Barber National Presented by Mazda championship, finishing sixth with two wins. Newgarden remained in the series for 2008 and improved to second place, with three wins. Formula Ford

After the 2008 season, Newgarden was selected for the Team USA scholarship to compete at the Formula Ford Festival and Walter Hayes Trophy. He would secure the Formula Ford Festival title, becoming the only American to ever do so. At the Walter Hayes Trophy event, Newgarden would win all of the qualifying races leading to the main event. He would also start the event from the pole position.Unfortunately, mid-way through a rain-stricken race, Newgarden crashed from the lead, finishing 6th place. In 2009, he would move to England to compete in the British Formula Ford Championship and start his European career. He would finish runner-up in 2009, leading the series in total race wins and amassing 550 points. Formula Palmer Audi
Newgarden competed in the opening round of the 2009 Formula Palmer Audi season at Brands Hatch, taking two wins and a fourth in the third race. GP3 Series

In 2010, Newgarden competed in the newly formed 2010 GP3 Series with Carlin Motorsport. 2010 would end in <mask>'s most disappointing championship position of his young career, finishing 18th in the points. The season was highlighted by a pole position at Hockenheimring and a best finish of fifth at the season finale at Monza.Indy Lights

At the start of 2011, Newgarden would

masks: Newgarden Josef


title: Josef Newgarden

texts:
 return home to the United States to compete in the Indy Lights Series with Sam Schmidt Motorsports. He won his first Indy Lights race in the season opener on the Streets of St. Petersburg. He followed his opening win in St. Petersburg with four more wins and ten podium finishes out of thirteen races in 2011, clinching him the points championship with one race to go. In New Hampshire, the 11th race of 2011, Newgarden lapped the entire field and went on to win. He was the first Indy Lights driver to do this since Thiago Medeiros in March 2004. <mask>, as a rookie, would also lead the series with the most number of wins for the 2011 season. IndyCar

2012–2014: Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing
On December 7, 2011, <mask> was announced as the driver for Sarah Fisher Hartman Racing.It is quite rare in IndyCar for a rookie driver to be offered a multi-year contract but Fisher and her team saw promise in Newgarden; SFH was viewed as the smallest outfit in the series and Newgarden was certainly headed for a significant challenge in his first entry into professional motorsport. He competed in IndyCar from 2012 to 2014 with Fisher's team, steadily progressing and improving with each weekend. He would earn his first podium at the 2013 race in Baltimore. 2014 would be his standout year with SFHR, he would very nearly secure wins at both Long Beach and Mid-Ohio, and would stand on his second career podium at Iowa Speedway. 2015: CFH Racing
During his fourth full season in IndyCar, Newgarden raced under the merged team of Sarah Fisher and Ed Carpenter. Under this new team banner Newgarden started 2015 strong, finishing in 12th position at St. Petersburg and improving his position with

masks: Josef Newgarden


title: Josef Newgarden

texts:
 championship for the second consecutive year. Personal life
Newgarden was born in Nashville, Tennessee to Joey and <mask>, who had moved from New York in the 1980s with the family photography business. <mask> is half Danish via his mother. He credits watching racing on TV at an early age with his father, who was an avid fan of NASCAR, IndyCar and Formula 1, as what got him into the sport. Newgarden grew up in Hendersonville, Tennessee and attended Pope John Paul II High School, where he was friends with and a former classmate of NFL Pro Bowl wide receiver Golden Tate. Additionally, he was a former classmate of NASCAR driver Josh Berry in the 7th and 8th grades.Before starting racing, Newgarden played baseball, football and basketball. On October 7, 2018, Newgarden announced that he and his longtime girlfriend, Ashley Welch, had got engaged while on a trip to Japan. <mask> and Ashley were married in the fall of 2019 in Nashville, TN. Media appearances
Along with fellow racers Tony Kanaan and Helio Castroneves, he competed in the Indianapolis round of season 8 of American Ninja Warrior in 2016. Newgarden is the driver ambassador for the SeriousFun Children's Network, a charity started by actor and race team owner Paul Newman. Newgarden is also a talented ping-pong player. He hosts an annual celebrity tournament during May that raises funds for the Serious Fun Children's Network.In 2019, the tournament raised over $100,000 for the charity. Newgarden is an avid gamer and is currently a Brand Ambassador for the Microsoft title Forza Motorsport. His voice is featured in the game and he is frequently featured in Forza content. He was featured on several episodes of CMT's

masks:
Tina Newgarden
Josef
Josef


title: Josef Newgarden

texts:
 Nashville Squares during the fall of 2019. Racing record

Career summary

Complete GP3 Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position)

American open–wheel racing results
(key)

Indy Lights

IndyCar Series

Indianapolis 500

References

External links

 IndyCar 36: <mask> - 2012 IndyCar documentary
 IndyCar 36: <mask> - 2013 IndyCar documentary

1990 births
American Ninja Warrior contestants
American people of Danish descent
Formula Ford drivers
Formula Palmer Audi drivers
GP3 Series drivers from the United States
Indianapolis 500 drivers
Indy Lights champions
Indy Lights drivers
IndyCar Series champions
IndyCar Series drivers
Living people
Racing drivers from Tennessee
Sportspeople from Nashville, Tennessee
Carlin racing drivers
Arrow McLaren SP drivers
Sarah Fisher Racing drivers
Ed Carpenter Racing drivers
Team Penske

masks:
Josef Newgarden
Josef Newgarden


title: David Onley

texts:
<mask>,  (born June 12, 1950) is a Canadian former journalist who served as the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario from 2007 until 2014. Prior to his viceregal appointment, <mask> was a television journalist. He worked primarily for Citytv as a weather reporter, before moving on to cover science and technology stories. Later on, he worked with the 24-hour news station CablePulse 24 as a news anchor and host of a weekly technology series, Home Page. A published author, he was founding president of the Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Canada. His seven-year term makes him the longest serving Lieutenant Governor of Ontario since Albert Edward Matthews (1937–1946) and the province's second longest serving viceroy since Confederation. Early life
<mask> was born in Midland, Ontario, and raised in West Hill on Orchard Park Drive in Scarborough, now part of Toronto.He was educated at the University of Toronto Scarborough, served as student council president, and graduated with a degree in political science. Beginning at the age of three, Onley battled with polio, resulting in partial paralysis. However, as a result of extensive physical therapy, he regained the use of his hands and arms, and partial use of his legs. Onley is able to walk using leg braces and canes or crutches, but he generally prefers to get around using his electric scooter. He is able to drive a car using hand controls for acceleration and braking. Career
<mask> began his career in radio, hosting a weekly science show for Toronto radio station CFRB, subsequently joining the CKO network in 1983. He then joined Citytv in 1984 as weather specialist, a position he held until 1989.In a 2004 interview with Link Up, a Toronto

masks:
David Charles Onley
Onley
Onley
Onley


title: David Onley

texts:
 employment agency for people with disabilities, <mask> stated that

From 1989 to 1995, he was the first news anchor on the then-new Breakfast Television, Citytv's morning show. He served as education specialist for Citytv and CablePulse 24 from 1994 to 1999. Onley became an anchor on CP24, when the station launched in 1999, and both hosted and produced Home Page on CP24. He was one of Canada's first on-air television personalities with a visible disability; he uses a mobility device due to his paralysis. Camera shots began with only upper body shots, but Onley demanded that the shot include him in his mobility device. In honour of his contributions to the advancement of disability issues in Canada, he has received awards from the Terry Fox Hall of Fame in 1997, and the Clarke Institute's Courage to Come Back award. He was appointed Chair of the Accessibility Standards Advisory Council to the Minister of Community and Social Services in 2005.He was most recently inducted into the Scarborough Walk of Fame in 2006. <mask> wrote Shuttle: A Shattering Novel of Disaster in Space, a bestselling novel about space travel, published in 1981. It was nominated by the Periodical Distributors of Canada as book of the year. He was founding president of the Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Canada. <mask> returned to his acting roots, with a cameo appearance in the sixth season of the Canadian TV series Murdoch Mysteries. The episode, "The Ghost of Queens Park" aired in Canada on February 25, 2013. In it he played the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, Sir Oliver Mowat.As Lieutenant Governor

<mask>'s appointment as Lieutenant Governor was announced on July 10, 2007; he was privately informed of

masks: Onley Onley Onley Onley


title: David Onley

texts:
 this after a July 4, 2007, taping of Home Page: "I just had reached the top of the Don Valley Parkway... and there was no place to pull over. And when the Prime Minister of your country calls, all you can try to do is stay in the same lane, avoid any fender-benders and have a meaningful conversation, which I did." He was sworn in on September 5, 2007, at Queen's Park in Toronto. As the province's first Lieutenant Governor with a disability, <mask> said he would use his vice-regal position to help remove physical barriers to Ontario's 1.5 million people with disabilities, as well as focus on other issues affecting the disabled, including obstacles to employment and housing. <mask> also stated, in his installation speech, that he would expand on his immediate predecessor James Bartleman's First Nations literacy initiatives, his aim being to see computers on every student's desk in northern schools. For his installation, Onley approached the legislature on his electric scooter, however he ascended the Throne on foot, using leg braces and canes. <mask> also travelled to China to represent the Queen and Canada at the 2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony.<mask> delivered his last speech from the throne to the Ontario Legislative Assembly on July 3, 2014; his last full day in office was September 22, 2014 with his successor sworn in the following afternoon. <mask> and his wife resided in their Scarborough home during his vice-regal tenure, as Ontario is one of three provinces that does not have an official vice-regal residence. During <mask>'s mandate, he participated in 2550 engagements, during which he spoke to an estimated audience of over one million people. Post-viceregal life
<mask>

masks: Onley Onley Onley Onley Onley Onley Onley


title: David Onley

texts:
 was appointed as senior lecturer in the Department of Political Sciences at University of Toronto Scarborough, his alma mater. His appointment began on October 1, 2014. He also served as the University's Special Ambassador for the 2015 Pan American and Parapan American Games. Personal life
He is married to Ruth Ann <mask>, a Christian music performer.They have three sons, Jonathan, Robert and Michael. In late 2019, <mask> was rushed to emergency after a brain scan revealed that he had a tumour the size of an orange at the front of his brain, which was successfully removed. Honours and awards

Ribbon bar

Other distinctions
He served as Colonel of the Regiment of The Queen's York Rangers in his capacity of Lieutenant Governor. He is the Honorary Colonel of 25 Field Ambulance in a personal capacity. Midland has a <mask> Park, dedicated on his 63rd birthday (June 12, 2013). Bibliography
 Shuttle: A Shattering Novel of Disaster in Space (1981)  (book),  (audio edition)

See also
 Monarchy in Canada
 Monarchy in Ontario

References

External links
 Biography of <mask> – The Canadian Encyclopedia
 <mask>'s End of Mandate Report (PDF file)
 Lieutenant Governor of Ontario

Living people
1950 births
Canadian Protestants
Canadian science fiction writers
Canadian television journalists
Journalists from Ontario
Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
Lieutenant Governors of Ontario
Members of the Order of Ontario
Writers from Ontario
People from Midland, Ontario
Canadian Disability Hall of Fame
University of Toronto alumni
People with polio
Canadian politicians with physical disabilities
Canadian male novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian politicians
Members of the

masks:
Onley
Onley
David Onley
David Onley
David Onley


title: Vincent Kosuga

texts:
<mask><mask> (January 17, 1915 – January 19, 2001) was an American onion farmer and commodity trader best known for manipulating the onion futures market. Public outcry over his practices led to the passing of the Onion Futures Act, which banned the trading of futures contracts on onions. Personal life
The son of a Russian Jew who converted to Catholicism, <mask> was a devout Catholic. He donated a significant amount of his fortune to the church, and was rewarded with private audiences with three popes. Kosuga carried a .38 caliber pistol and a billy club with him at all times. He drove stock cars in his spare time and was a licensed pilot. He once survived a plane crash near Oswego, New York when the plane he was flying ran out of fuel mid-flight.He was left in a body cast after the crash, but made a quick recovery. Farming
Born and raised in Pine Island, New York, Kosuga owned a  black dirt farm where he grew onions, celery, and lettuce. His customers included the U.S. Army and Campbell's soup. He also began trading wheat futures. After an unsuccessful stint trading in which he was brought to the brink of bankruptcy, Kosuga withdrew from commodity trading and at his wife's insistence focused on farming full-time. Commodity trading
Kosuga was unable to leave trading behind permanently, however, and returned to the commodity market where he began trading onion futures. At the time, onions futures contracts were the most traded product on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, accounting for 20% of its trades in 1955.He soon began splitting his time between New York and Chicago, where he traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange several days a week. In Chicago, he was a

masks:
Vincent W
. Kosuga
Kosuga


title: Vincent Kosuga

texts:
 end of the onion season in March 1956, Seigel and Kosuga had flooded the markets with their onions and driven the price of  of onions down to 10 cents a bag. In August 1955, the same quantity of onions had been priced at $2.75 a bag. So many onions were shipped to Chicago in order to depress prices that there were onion shortages in other parts of the United States. Seigel and Kosuga made millions of dollars on the transaction due to their short position on onion futures.At one point,  of onions were selling in Chicago for less than the bags that held them. This drove many onion farmers into bankruptcy. A public outcry ensued among onion farmers who were left with large amounts of worthless inventory. Many of the farmers had to pay to dispose of the large amounts of onions that they had purchased and grown. Regulatory action
In the aftermath of the crash, many commentators characterized <mask>'s actions as unprincipled gambling. <mask> was defiant, replying to his critics: "If it's against the law to make money... then I'm guilty". The abrupt change in prices gained the attention of the Commodity Exchange Authority.Soon they launched an investigation and the U.S. Senate Committee on Agriculture and House Committee on Agriculture held hearings on the matter. <mask> testified before Congress, and defended his practices under questioning from members of the committee. During the hearings, the Commodity Exchange Authority stated that it was the perishable nature of onions which made them vulnerable to price swings. Then-congressman Gerald Ford of Michigan sponsored a bill, known as the Onion Futures Act, which banned futures trading on onions. The bill was unpopular

masks: Kosuga Kosuga Kosuga


title: Vincent Kosuga

texts:
 among traders, some of whom argued that onion shortages were not a crucial issue since they were used as a condiment rather than a staple food. The president of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, E. B. Harris, lobbied hard against the bill. Harris described it as "burning down the barn to find a suspected rat".The measure was passed, however, and President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill in August 1958. After the ban was passed, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange filed a lawsuit in federal court alleging that the ban unfairly restricted trade. After a federal judge ruled against them, they declined to appeal to the Supreme Court and the ban stood. Later life
After the futures market was reformed, <mask> returned to New York full-time and focused on his local business interests and philanthropy. <mask> opened a restaurant next to his farm called The Jolly Onion Inn, where he served as a chef. The Jolly Onion Inn (later known as Ye Jolly Onion Inn) became one of the most popular restaurants in Orange County. He became well respected for his philanthropy, and in 1987 was named Pine Island Citizen of the Year by the Pine Island Chamber of Commerce.After <mask> died, his widow, <mask> (1915–2009), continued his philanthropy. References

Bibliography

External links
Text of the Onion Futures Act
Planet Money episode on NPR, "The Tale of the Onion King"

1915 births
2001 deaths
American commodities traders
Farmers from New York (state)
American financiers
American investors
American Roman Catholics
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Businesspeople from Chicago
Businesspeople from New York (state)
People from Orange County, New York
20th-century American

masks:
Kosuga
Kosuga
Kosuga
Polly Kosuga


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

texts:
<mask> (born September 12, 1975) is a Dominican professional baseball second baseman. He played in Major League Baseball for the Florida Marlins, New York Mets, and Minnesota Twins from 1996 through 2010. <mask> is a three-time All-Star, three-time Gold Glove winner, and won the World Series with the Marlins in 1997 and 2003. He is also the only player who played for the Marlins in both of their World Series winning seasons who did not get traded in between the two seasons. Professional career

Early career
On August 19, 1992, <mask> was signed as a non-drafted free agent by the Florida Marlins. In 1994, he played his first year of baseball in the Gulf Coast League, playing for the Gulf Coast Marlins. He also set a Marlins short-season record in stolen bases, with 31.In 1995, he was called up to the Kane County Cougars in the Class-A Midwest League, and was selected to the All-Star team. He injured his shoulder in July, causing him to miss the rest of the season. That year, he led the entire Marlins organization in batting average with .326, as well as being second in stolen bases. <mask> spent most of the 1996 season in the Eastern League, but was called up to the Marlins mid-season and made his major league debut on August 8. His first major league hit came in a game against the New York Mets, where he knocked in the game-winning run in the 10th inning. He was named to the Eastern League All-Star team and post-season All-Star team. Florida Marlins

1997–99
<mask> started playing full-time for the Marlins at second base during the 1997 season.Both at age 21, he and Édgar Rentería were the youngest middle infield combination in the history of the National League. He bruised his left heel mid-season, and missed the entire month of May with the injury. He was optioned to the Triple-A Charlotte Knights on July 28 and did not come back to

masks:
Luis Antonio Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

texts:
 the major leagues until the next season. Due to this, he did not play for the Marlins during the 1997 World Series. <mask> remained with the Charlotte Knights until being recalled to the Marlins on August 4, 1998. While in Charlotte, he had a streak of 32 consecutive games reaching base safely. With the Marlins, his highest hit streak was eight games, between August 14 and 19.By the end of the season, he was third among Marlins minor leaguers in stolen bases, and a .203 batting average, 3 stolen bases and 10 RBIs. <mask> improved in 1999, with many short hitting streaks. These streaks included six games from May 10 to 17, and six games from August 1 to 7. He also had a 22-game hitting streak in a stretch between August 9 and September 3. He finished fourth in the league in stolen bases, and was fourth among leadoff hitters in on-base percentage at .385. He was named the Marlins Most Valuable Player by the South Florida Chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America. 2000–02
<mask> started the 2000 season with a seven-game hitting streak from April 5 to 12, though he was placed on the disabled list with a strained back shortly afterwards.A week after coming back, he set a single-game team record with four stolen bases on May 17. He had three in the next game, falling short of the National League record of 8 in two games, set by Walt Wilmot in 1894. In 2000, he also became the Marlins all-time stolen base leader by stealing his 116th career base on June 20 while playing the Milwaukee Brewers. He finished the season with 62 stolen bases, leading the entire major leagues. In 2001, <mask> had two hitting streaks, eight games from May 6 to 13 and 14 games from June 29 to July 22. He finished fifth in the league in stolen bases with 33. He also had a .263 batting average, 45 RBIs, and 10 triples, a career high.In 2002, <mask> had a

masks: Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

texts:
 35-game hitting streak, which is the longest ever by a second baseman (since matched by fellow second baseman Chase Utley of the Philadelphia Phillies in 2006). This was the sixth-longest streak in the history of the National League, and also the 10th longest in the history of Major League Baseball. <mask> played second base in the 2002 All-Star Game, the first All-Star selection of his career. In 2002, he hit .305 with 39 RBIs and 48 stolen bases, leading the league in stolen bases for the second time in his career. He was again named the Marlins Most Valuable Player by the South Florida Chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America. 2003–05

<mask> was a member of the National League All-Star team in 2003, his second career All-Star selection. He also led the Marlins in hitting and won his first career Gold Glove Award.<mask> was a central figure in the NLCS Game 6 comeback by the Marlins against the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley Field after a foul ball that he hit was knocked away from the Cubs' Moisés Alou by fan Steve Bartman. The Marlins went on to win that game, as well as Game 7, to get to the 2003 World Series, in which the Marlins defeated the heavily favored New York Yankees. This was the second World Series of <mask>'s career, but the first in which he actually played. In 2004, <mask> had a .291 batting average with 47 RBIs, a career best. He also had two home runs and seven triples. He was second only to Juan Pierre on the Marlins with a .373 on-base percentage and set a Marlins record with his 425th career walk, passing Gary Sheffield's previous mark of 424. <mask> won his second straight Gold Glove and posted the National League's second-best fielding percentage at second base (.991), behind Philadelphia's Plácido Polanco.In his final season with the Marlins, <mask> won his third Gold Glove award in a row. He led the

masks: Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

texts:
 majors in batting versus left-handed pitchers with a .423 average. <mask> was also a member of the 2005 National League All-Star team, and replaced Jeff Kent of the Los Angeles Dodgers at second base in the second inning. He was traded to the Minnesota Twins on December 2, 2005, in exchange for two minor leaguers, Scott Tyler and Travis Bowyer. The Marlins replaced <mask> at second base with Dan Uggla, a Rule 5 selection from the Arizona Diamondbacks. Minnesota Twins

In 2006, <mask> began his only full season playing for the Minnesota Twins. He had an impressive first month of hitting, batting .432 with 19 hits.Over that stretch, <mask> drove in runs in five straight games from April 13 to 19. <mask> had three four-hit games for the Twins this season, on April 15, August 5, and August 9. He had a six-game hitting streak from May 6 to 13, and recorded his 300th career stolen base while facing the Chicago White Sox on August 26. In the 2007 season, <mask> set a new Major League Baseball record, going 143 games at second base without an error. He also recorded his 1,500th career hit on May 29 while facing the Chicago White Sox. <mask> was traded by the Twins to the New York Mets on July 30, 2007 for two minor league players, catcher Drew Butera and outfielder Dustin Martin. He finished the season with a .301 batting average with one home run, 38 RBIs and 19 stolen bases.On November 18, the Mets re-signed him to a four-year contract worth a reported $25 million. New York Mets
<mask> had a strong finish to the 2007 season after being traded. He reached base safely in 40 of his last 46 games, and scored 34 runs in his last 42 games. In 50 games as a Met, <mask> batted .296 with 20 RBIs and 10 stolen bases. In 2008, a year plagued with injuries and several bench stints, <mask> hit .245 in 87 games, but still managed to steal 17 bases in 19

masks: Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

texts:
 attempts. In 2009 spring training, <mask> led all major league players in walks, with 17 from 56 official at-bats. On March 16, 2009, <mask> was presented the opportunity to bat right-handed instead of being a switch hitter.He declined, and continued to be a switch hitter throughout the rest of his career. Although the Mets struggled as a team, <mask> enjoyed a bounce-back year in '09, hitting .302 with 77 runs scored and a .387 on-base percentage. However, on June 12, with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning and runners on first and second base, <mask> dropped an easy pop fly hit by Alex Rodriguez for a two-run game-ending error at Yankee Stadium, earning him a measure of infamy in the Mets–Yankees rivalry and a place in Mets' history. On June 4, 2010, the Mets put <mask> on the disabled list because of problems in both his feet. He was replaced by Rubén Tejada who played at second base in the Mets' 5–4 win against the Florida Marlins at Citi Field. He was criticized, along with Carlos Beltrán and Óliver Pérez, for not going to the hospital that had soldiers who had amputated arms and legs; he claimed that he did not want to be horrified by the experience. <mask> commented on not being happy with his playing time and "has to work something out this offseason".During spring training of 2010, he was booed by the home fans at Digital Domain Park where the Mets play their spring training games. He was released from the Mets spring training roster on March 18, 2011. Philadelphia Phillies
On March 21, 2011, <mask> signed a minor league deal with the Philadelphia Phillies. On March 22, he reported to Phillies training camp. <mask> was released shortly thereafter on March 30, 2011. He appeared on the ballot for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum 2016 election and earned zero votes. Career statistics
In 1,720 games over 15

masks: Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo Castillo


title: Luis Castillo (second baseman)

texts:
 seasons, <mask> posted a .290 batting average (1,889-for-6,510) with 1,001 runs, 194 doubles, 59 triples, 28 home runs, 443 RBI, 370 stolen bases, 800 bases on balls, .368 on-base percentage and .351 slugging percentage.He finished his career with a .984 fielding percentage playing every inning of his major league career at second base. In 20 postseason games, he hit .220 (18-for-82) with 6 runs, 4 doubles, 4 RBI, 3 stolen bases and 11 walks. Personal life
<mask> graduated from the class of 1991 at Colegio San Benito Abad in the Dominican Republic. He is married and has two children—<mask>., born on October 12, 2001, and Adonai, born on July 30, 2009. In August 2019, <mask> was cited on charges related to a drug trafficking and money laundering operation, while Octavio Dotel was arrested on related charges. In late August 2019, <mask> was cleared of money laundering charges, and it was determined that there was no evidence to link <mask> to any money laundering activity. See also
 List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
 List of Major League Baseball career runs scored leaders
 List of Miami Marlins team records

References

External links

1975 births
Living people
Binghamton Mets players
Calgary Cannons players
Charlotte Knights players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Florida Marlins players
Gold Glove Award winners
Gulf Coast Marlins players
Gulf Coast Mets players
Kane County Cougars players

Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball second basemen
Minnesota Twins players
National League All-Stars
National League stolen base champions
New York Mets players
Sportspeople from San Pedro de Macorís
Portland Sea Dogs players
St.

masks:
Castillo
Castillo
Luis Jr
Castillo
Castillo
Castillo


title: Menachem Youlus

texts:
<mask> is a Baltimore rabbi and Torah scribe who falsely claimed he had rescued Holocaust-era Torah scrolls from Eastern Europe, selling the scrolls at inflated prices. On August 24, 2011, he was arrested on charges of mail fraud and wire fraud, and he pleaded guilty on February 2, 2012. False claims

<mask> claimed he had personally traveled to Eastern Europe and beyond to recover Torah scrolls lost or hidden during the Holocaust, including some from the sites of concentration camps at Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen. He said that during his travels he had been beaten and imprisoned, and called himself the "Jewish Indiana Jones" during a Torah dedication in 2004. In court, he admitted that from 2004 to 2010 he had made up the stories of his travels; he had never been to the places he had claimed. The Torahs he sold did not have the claimed provenance. Save a Torah foundation

Youlus created the non-profit foundation "Save a Torah," purportedly to finance his travels and the restoration of the rescued Torah scrolls, dedicated to rescuing and restoring Torah scrolls hidden, lost or stolen during the Holocaust and other world upheavals and placing them in Jewish congregations.Instead he sold Torah scrolls he had obtained by other means, partly at inflated prices. According to prosecutors, he defrauded the charity and its donors of $862,000. Congregations that have acquired Torah scrolls from Save a Torah include New York's Central Synagogue and Congregation Kol Ami of Frederick. In January 2010, the Washington Post reported that many Torahs purportedly rescued from Holocaust sites in Eastern Europe appeared to be old Torah scrolls mostly acquired when American congregations closed, and resold at high prices because of <mask>'s unsubstantiated assertion that they were rescued from Holocaust-related sites. Similar questions were reported in an April 14, 2010 New York Times article concerning a Torah at New York's Central Synagogue. On August 24, 2011, <mask> was arrested and charged with fraud. According to prosecutors, he made up the stories about the

masks:
Menachem Youlus
Youlus
Youlus
Youlus


title: Menachem Youlus

texts:
 Torahs' origins.<mask> was also accused of taking more than $340,000 of the $1.2 million raised by Save a Torah, including $145,000 or more for his personal use. Through an attorney, <mask> initially denied the allegations. He later pleaded guilty to fraud, having used money from the fraud to cover his personal expenses. He was convicted of two counts of mail and wire fraud in a Manhattan federal court on October 11, 2012. On December 17, 2012, <mask> began serving a 51-month prison sentence at the federal correctional institution in Otisville, New York. <mask> was incarcerated until August 26, 2016. Complaint

<mask> was arrested in Manhattan on fraud charges on August 24, 2011, for claiming to have toured Europe in search of lost or hidden Torah scrolls – the holy Jewish texts containing Hebrew scripture.He distributed the scrolls among American synagogues and communities, sometimes at inflated rates, and diverted almost one third of $1.2 million into his accounts for personal use. <mask> embezzled more than a million dollars from Save a Torah. He had that money transferred to a Jewish bookstore he owned in Wheaton, Maryland, on a pretext of payment for restoring old and damaged scrolls. He was charged for writing $344,000 in checks to himself from the bookstore account, $200,000 in personal expenses, and for using $90,000 to pay private school tuition fee for his kith and kin. He was also charged for $145,000, which donors had meant for saving a Torah and was instead diverted to his personal bank account. Investigation

David M. Rubenstein, one of the founders of Carlyle Group, who had bought a Torah and donated it to Central Synagogue, sought the authenticity of scrolls by hiring Michael Berenbaum, a Holocaust historian and former director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Research Institute. Berenbaum said, "What I found is the claim for the origin of the Torah could not be verified."<mask> Z. Rosensaft, an adjunct professor of law at Cornell University, vice president of the American Gathering of Jewish Holocaust

masks: Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Menachem


title: Menachem Youlus

texts:
 Survivors and their Descendants, and general counsel of the World Jewish Congress, was skeptical about <mask>'s claim of discovering an old Torah at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, as his parents were liberated from that camp and the camp was burned down by British Army during World War II. On complaint lodged by Rosensaft, the state of Maryland began investigating Save a Torah. State officials found that <mask>' stories "may be misleading." Michael P. Schlein, investigator for the Office of the Secretary of State of Maryland, said that "we could probably or reasonably assume they could not be wholly accurate." Additionally, despite <mask>'s claims that he traveled through Europe "rescuing" Torah strolls, his passport records show that he never traveled to Europe. Confession

<mask> offered this confession on Feb 2, 2012, to Manhattan Federal District Court judge Colleen McMahon:

He also pleaded guilty to mail fraud and wire fraud, admitting that he had used the United States Postal Service and email to further a scheme to solicit donations and siphon money claiming for restoration and preservation of Torah scrolls. Plea deal

As part of his plea agreement, he will repay his victims $1.2 million.<mask> was freed on $100,000 bond until he was sentenced on October 10, 2012 by Judge Colleen McMahon to just over four years in prison. He was released from federal prison on August 26, 2016. Awards

He received the Peacemaker award for 2005 from the Olender Foundation. Further reading

References

External links
 Local Torah buyer debates scroll’s authenticity
 PBS's Religion & Ethics NewsWeekly - Video from August 1, 2008 on Save a Torah
 Two Torahs, Two Holocaust Stories and One Big Question
 Auschwitz Torah - A synagogue honors a Torah saved from the Holocaust. Saving the Torah

American Orthodox rabbis
American people convicted of fraud
American members of the clergy convicted of crimes
Jewish American writers
Living people
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American

masks: Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus Youlus


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
<mask> (15 October 1775 – 28 July 1838) was a Swedish-Finnish clarinetist, composer and translator, "the most significant and internationally best-known Finnish-born classical composer and indeed, — the outstanding Finnish composer before Sibelius". Early life and training
<mask> was born in Uusikaupunki (Swedish: Nystad), Finland, into a poor family of bookbinders. His grandfather, <mask> had learned the trade of bookbinding in Turku and Stockholm, then settled in Pori where he fathered nine children, including <mask>'s father Jakob, who also became a bookbinder. In 1765, after Jakob completed his apprenticeship, he moved to Uusikaupunki and married Helena Ylander, but she died about one year later. In 1769 he married Margaretha Messman. The couple had four children, but <mask> was the only one who lived to become an adult. Later in life <mask> described this period of his life, writing in the third person:
In his little town of birth there was only one person who had an active interest in music: a shop assistant  who could be heard in the evenings playing the flute for his own amusement.One night, the four-year-old Berndt was sitting in the street, leaning against a wall, on top of the world with admiration for the sweet melodies. His parents, who had been looking for their son for a long time, scolded him severely, but this could not stop the boy from returning to his favourite spot the next evening. This time he got a beating for his disobedience, but as it was to no avail, they left him  to his

masks:
Bernhard Henrik Crusell
Crusell
Bernhard Kruselius
Crusell
Bernhard
Crusell