title: Roy Suryo

texts: genuine.The photo was later revealed to be that of a Thai transvestite. On 25 September 2008, <mask>'s expertise was questioned during the trial of Muslim extremist Rizieq Shihab, who was ultimately convicted and jailed for having incited his supporters to attack an inter-faith rally at Jakarta's National Monument. Rizieq's lawyer said <mask>'s evidence for the prosecution should be discounted because his educational background is not in telematics. In October 2008, when a photo circulated showing the regent of Southwest Aceh, Akmal Ibrahim, embracing a woman in bed, <mask> declared the photo to be genuine and said the woman was not the regent's wife. Ibrahim insisted the woman in the photo was his wife, Ida Agustina, and reported <mask> to police for defamation. On 26 February 2009, actress sisters Sarah Azhari and Rahma Azhari reported <mask> to police, accusing him of publicly disseminating private photos of the sisters bathing naked. The report accused <mask> of violating the Criminal Code and Information and Electronic Transactions Law, with a threat of six years in jail.<mask> denied any wrongdoing and questioned the health of the sister's legal counsel, saying he only wanted to help the siblings find out who had shared the photos. In the 2009 trial of actress of Marcella Zalianty and Ananda Mikola, who were accused of kidnapping and abuse, <mask> appeared as an expert witness for the prosecution. Ruby Z. Alamsyah, a digital forensic analyst, appearing as an expert witness for the defense, said <mask>'s testimony was invalid because he has no expertise in international telematics. In 2009, <mask> put himself forward as an expert witness for the prosecution in the defamation trial of Prita Mulyasari, a housewife who was jailed for complaining about being misdiagnosed by a hospital in Banten province. In 2010, <mask> was an expert witness for police in a case involving a leaked sex tape that featured singer Ariel and actress Luna Maya. One of the lawyers representing Ariel and Luna, Boy Afrian Bondjol, alleged that <mask> sent a text message to Luna in early June 2010,

masks: Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy


title: Roy Suryo

type: original

texts: offering to cooperate with her in handling the case. Boy said the text message read: "Morning Miss, sorry to bother you if you are taking a rest but hope not and get you fresh to reply this.This really takes my serious concern as I've been pondering solutions over the hot issue having been shocking Indonesia lately. If you agree with the conditions; First, in the following week, let media and those who claim to know everything and as IT experts comment, you just keep silent. Second, when I return from Amsterdam next week on June 13, we will make a press conference, and thankfully, all three, Miss, Ariel and I. Just set the place and time. It's up to you Miss." Boy said <mask> also suggested that Luna deny the veracity of the sex tape, and that <mask> would report the case to Jakarta Police Cyber Crime Department. <mask> admitted he had sent text messages to Luna, but claimed he felt tricked by her, because she had denied being in the video and he had initially believed her denial.In March 2011, <mask> and his wife were ejected from a Lion Air flight after trying to take the seats of legitimate ticket holders. <mask> blamed Lion Air for the incident. In April 2012, a sex tape was leaked allegedly featuring Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) legislator Karolin Margret Natasa, the daughter of the governor of West Kalimantan. She denied involvement. <mask> on 24 April 2012 said he believed the woman in the video was indeed "KMN", but he declined to become further involved in the case to avoid a conflict of interest, as he belonged to a rival party. In August 2014, <mask> was the victim of online fraud perpetrated by a 16-year-old boy in Subang, West Java. The boy had offered for sale a Malaysian bicycle, which usually retailed for about RM990 ($300), for just Rp890,000 ($73).<mask> transferred Rp1 million for the bike and its delivery to Jakarta, but the item was never delivered. <mask> contacted police, who tracked down and arrested the boy. Indonesian netizens complained that police rarely deal with e-commerce fraud cases involving only a few million rupiah. <mask>

masks: Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy


title: Roy Suryo

texts:
 denied he had been tricked, saying he had deliberately "entered the trap" in order to expose the scammer. He further said police responded swiftly to his report because he has a good relationship with them. In April 2016, <mask> was reportedly fooled by a fake Twitter account set up in the name of President Joko Widodo's son Gibran. The phony account tweeted "Those with their payday, go shopping.Those without salaries, go talk to the government." <mask> responded with an attacking tweet: "Tweeps, Twit child without a conscience. Those "without payday" are millions of Indonesians...#AskJOKOWI." In response to mockery that he had been baited by a fake account, <mask> said he knew the account was fake all along. He said he had responded to the fake tweet just to elicit reactions from Widodo supporters, whom he referred to derisively as "tadpoles". Wikipedia vandalism complaint
On 24 January 2020, <mask> filed a police complaint over an edit to the United Nations page on the Indonesian version of Wikipedia. The edit, made on 21 January 2020 and showing scant regard for capitalization, changed the location of the first UN General Assembly from "Westminster Central Hall" in London to "jln setiabudi (sunda atlantis)".It also changed the location of the UN's first temporary headquarters over 1946 to 1952 from a building owned by Sperry Gyroscope Corporation in Lake Success, New York, to "villa isola in lembang, Bandung". <mask> said he suspected the edits were made by a cult known as the Sunda Empire, which claims to have founded the UN and NATO. “If we look for the history of the United Nations and NATO, the ones that come up are fake historical references made by the Sunda Empire. This is dangerous,” said <mask>. Police said they would investigate the complaint, which alleges violations of the Electronic and Information Transactions Law and the Criminal Code. Personal life
<mask> married Ismarindayani 'Ririen' Priyanti in Yogyakarta on 10 December 1994. References

1968 births
Gadjah Mada University alumni
Government ministers of Indonesia
Javanese people
People from

masks: Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy Roy


title: James Hawes

texts:
<mask> is a British television director. He has worked in British television drama since the mid-1990s, and has also produced documentaries for British and American television networks. His work has ranged across high-end period pieces and prime-time adventure drama, including the re-launch of Doctor Who and Enid, a biopic starring Helena Bonham Carter about the celebrated children's author Enid Blyton, which won <mask> a BAFTA nomination as Best Director at the 2010 ceremony. Early life
<mask> was born in Wimbledon, England, but his father's career in the mining industry soon moved the family to South America. <mask> started school in Lima, Peru. Eventually returning to the UK, the family settled in Cornwall where <mask> attended the local Constantine Primary School before moving on to Truro School. He read law at the University of Warwick, combining his studies with acting and directing in the student drama society.Around him at the time was an unusually talented group of students who would go on to considerable success as actors, writers, directors, producers and agents – including Ruth Jones, Stephen Thompson, Paul W. Anderson, Lawrence Till and Paul Stephens. On the Warwick academic staff at this time was Andrew Davies, soon to become a celebrated screenwriter. In his graduate year, <mask> directed his own adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry plays, touring it to commercial venues. TV career
<mask> began his television work in factual programming, working in the BBC's documentary and current affairs departments. In parallel, he launched The Young Shakespeare Company, a professional touring theatre company, which he ran as artistic director and which performed in the UK and US. In 1990, he directed HRH Prince Charles in The Earth in Balance, the prince's documentary about the challenges facing the

masks:
James Hawes
Hawes
Hawes
Hawes
Hawes
Hawes
Hawes


title: James Hawes

texts:
 global environment, which filmed across the world, including locations such as Hong Kong harbour, to Kennedy Space Center and the Sumatran jungles. The film was to set <mask> on a future that often found him shooting in challenging locations.Other documentary work includes the investigative strand, Inside Story for the BBC, the Emmy Award-nominated Egypt's Golden Empire and the 2003 drama-documentary, Lawrence of Arabia: The Battle for the Arab World, which he both wrote and directed. It used the story of Lawrence's life as a prism through which to study the shaping of the Middle East in a post-9/11 world. Move to drama
<mask> moved into drama, earning his spurs on popular drama The Bill. <mask>' work on the BAFTA winning Doctor Who has been particularly well received. He directed Christopher Eccleston in  "The Empty Child" and "The Doctor Dances" which won the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Short Form in 2006. As a result, <mask> was hired to helm episodes of the second season, directing the Christmas special and introducing David Tennant as the new Doctor. "School Reunion" was also nominated for the 2007 ceremony.<mask> was awarded the BAFTA Cymru Award for Best Drama Director for his work on "The Christmas Invasion". In early 2006, <mask> directed an Andrew Davies-scripted 90-minute television drama based on the Lady Chatterley's Lover obscenity trial of 1960, The Chatterley Affair. This one-off drama for digital television channel BBC Four features Doctor Who star David Tennant as Richard Hoggart. It was one of the first of what would become an extremely successful run for single dramas on British television, often bringing big screen stars to individual and authored projects. The Chatterley Affair also won Best Single Drama in the same BAFTA awards as the Doctor Who success. <mask> was

masks: Hawes Hawes Hawes Hawes Hawes Hawes Hawes


title: James Hawes

texts: also announced in late 2005 as the producer and lead director of the forthcoming Doctor Who spin-off series Torchwood — however, in early 2006 it was confirmed that he would not in fact be producing the series. According to Doctor Who and Torchwood executive producer Russell T Davies in Doctor Who Magazine issue 366 (dated 1 March 2006), <mask>' direction of the Chatterley piece and his decision to back down from producing Torchwood were related."<mask> has been having such a good time... that he's decided directing is his greatest passion, and as a result, he's stepped down." In 2007, he linked up again with Andrew Davies to direct an adaptation of the 18th-century novel Fanny Hill, for Sally Head Productions and BBC Four. In 2008, <mask> was appointed lead director on the BBC fantasy series Merlin, which began broadcasting in September 2008. Merlin has been picked up by NBC in the US where it premiered in summer 2009. As such, it is the first UK-produced show to make the switch to a US network in 30 years. Later in 2008 he also directed a new version of The 39 Steps, again for BBC One. Hawes picked up a Best Director trophy for this at the 2009 Shanghai TV Festival.<mask> began 2009 directing a BBC TV film, Enid, with Helena Bonham Carter starring as author Enid Blyton. Scripted by Lyndsay Shapero, the film co-stars Matthew Macfadyen and Denis Lawson. The films' success on the digital networks earned it a transfer to BBC1 and several major award nominations, including Best Director for Hawes, and Best Actress nods for Bonham Carter at both the BAFTAs and the International Emmys. The film has earned <mask> high praise for the performances and the stylishness of a big screen production on a small screen budget. Building on his success with fact-based drama, <mask> embarked on the ambitious project to

masks:
Hawes
James Hawes
Hawes
Hawes
Hawes
Hawes


title: James Hawes

texts:
 bring The Suspicions of Mr Whicher to the screen. Adapted by Neil Mackay, the original book, telling the story of a horrific child murder in 1860s England, had been a break-out best-seller. Paddy Considine took the title role and the film scored big audiences and critical acclaim.<mask> has also demonstrated his ease with contemporary work, including the piloting of DCI Banks for ITV and season two of Mad Dogs, the high-action comedy thriller for Sky TV. <mask> directed The Mill, a mini series for Channel Four TV about the people and politics of Quarry Bank Mill, a 19th-century cotton mill. In April 2012, he signed up to direct a TV movie telling the story of the inquiry into the Challenger Space Shuttle disaster and the role of Richard Feynman in uncovering the cause. Commissioned for the BBC, the film is set to shoot in the US later in 2012. He is a long-serving board member of Directors UK, the screen directors' organization in Britain. He lives in London with his wife and daughter. Filmography
 Egypt's Golden Empire – 2000
 Lawrence of Arabia: Battle for The Arab World – 2002
 Doctor Who (five episodes) – 2004-5
 The Chatterley Affair – 2006
 Miss Marie Lloyd – Queen of The Music Hall – 2007
 Fanny Hill – 2007
 The 39 Steps – 2008
 Merlin (three episodes) – 2008
 DCI Banks (pilot) – 2009
 Enid – 2010
 The Suspicions of Mr Whicher – 2011
 Mad Dogs (four episodes) – 2011
 The Challenger Disaster – 2013
 The Mill (four episodes) – 2013
 Penny Dreadful (five episodes) – 2013–15
 Undercover – 2016
 Black Mirror ("Hated in the Nation") – 2016, ("Smithereens") – 2019
 The Alienist (two episodes) – 2018
 Snowpiercer (three episodes) – 2020
 Raised by Wolves (one episode) – 2020

References

External links

British television directors
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
People educated at

masks: Hawes Hawes


title: Ethel M. Smith

texts:
<mask> (1877–1951) was an American women’s rights activist and a union activist in the early 1920s. She participated in women’s organizations such as the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) and the Women's Trade Union League (WTUL). She also worked with other union organizations such as the National Federation of Federal Employees (NFFE) and the American Federation of Labor (AFL). <mask> spent her life promoting the idea of equal compensation for equal work regardless of gender in order to protect the rights of the individual worker as well as society as a whole. Early life
Born in Sangamon County, Illinois on 1 November 1877 to <mask> and <mask>, she was the oldest of three children. <mask>’s father, <mask>, was a wage worker, moving from one job to another in order to make a living wage for himself and his family. His work ranged from farmer to teacher to deputy sheriff, he even ran a stable business for a short period of time.In 1895 <mask> graduated from High School and went to work as a stenographer. In 1897 <mask> went to Chicago to take a test in order to qualify her to become a stenographer at the Census Office. Subsequently, she worked at the Office of Chief Division of Manufactures in the 12th Census of the United States for about ten months earning about $600 a year. In 1901 <mask> was transferred to the Bureau of Fisheries to work as a clerk and as a stenographer making $720 a year. After a few months <mask> was promoted by the Civil Service Commission to be the private secretary to the Chief of the Division of Scientific Inquiry with a pay increase to $1000 a year, making <mask> one of the highest paid women in civil service. During the summer of 1901 and the two summers following, <mask> assisted the director of Scientific Inquiry as he worked in Woods Hole, Massachusetts

masks:
Ethel Marion Smith
Ethel Smith
Richard Peter Smith
Marion Elizabeth Patterson
Smith
Richard Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith


title: Ethel M. Smith

texts:
 as director of Commissions Laboratory. <mask> also worked as a librarian for residence research workers during this time.In 1904 <mask> assisted the editor of the Civil Service Commission publications in Washington D.C., a job she would eventually take over as editor in 1906 till 1914. By 1912 <mask> had been passed over for promotion several times and received no increase in pay. Although she was earning $1600 a year it was still less than her predecessors. When she brought the issue up to her superiors she was told that they had no intention of promoting her or increasing her pay because of the belief that as a woman she could not be the primary bread winner. As a result, in 1912 <mask> began to do volunteer work for the suffrage movement in the evenings. Activism
In 1914 <mask> resigned from her position as editor of the Civil Service Commission publications and took a paid position as secretary for the Congressional Committee of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. <mask> was appointed to her position after Alice Paul left the National American Woman Suffrage Association to start the National Woman's Party (NWP) leaving the position of chairwoman of the Congressional Committee open to <mask> who then appointed <mask> as Secretary.<mask> worked as a state organizer for the Committee as well as tracked suffrage votes and reported the activities of other suffrage organizations. Then in April 1917 <mask> was appointed as Director of the National American Woman Suffrage Association’s Industrial Committee and their Publicity Bureau. Within the Industrial Committee <mask> worked to safeguard the industrial standards during World War I and organized a “systematic propaganda campaign against excessive overtime and underpay in industries where women are employed.”
<mask> began to push the

masks:
Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith
Smith
Ruth McCormick
Ethel Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Ethel M. Smith

texts:
 suffrage movement to extend their organizational experiences and interests to include other areas that were in need of legislative change, such as women’s labor. She began to call for reforms saying that work performed rather than gender should determine the wage. The National American Woman Suffrage Association disagreed, however. The President, Carrie Catt, wrote <mask> that although they supported <mask> they were worried she had lost sight of the goal to obtain the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and it was best to focus their primary efforts on that issue. <mask> continued to work for the National American Woman Suffrage Association and continued to be devoted to the suffrage cause.She also began “to join forces with labor unions and organizations that promoted collective action to educate and unite working men and women.”

In November 1917 <mask> became active in the National Federation of Federal Employees which engaged in a range of actives to establish modern standards of wage and working conditions in the civil services. <mask> became a member of their Legislative Committee to further education on social and economic welfare for Federal employees. Then in 1918 <mask> was offered two paid positions in the Women's Trade Union League as the Executive Secretary of its Washington Committee and the Resident Secretary for its National Legislative Committee. While on the Legislative Committee <mask> began to be recognized as an effective lobbyists for minimum wage laws, the creation of the Women’s Bureau in the Department of Labor, and the eight-hour work day. The Washington Committee allowed her to educate working women on the power of unions and to create several unions between 1918-1920 including unions for women cigar makers and the Bureau of Engraving and Printing.

masks:
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith


title: Ethel M. Smith

texts:
 Also in 1918, The Central Labor Union of Washington, D.C. selected her to serve as a labor representative on the local minimum wage board which became crucial to creating the Kesting-Tramell Minimum Wage Law. <mask> continued to be very active in both labor organizations and women’s organizations but her hard work took its toll on her health and in late 1920 <mask> collapsed due to extreme exhaustion.<mask> spent the next several months recuperating but when she finally got back on her feet she continued to be very active. In the 1920s she joined the newly formed group called Women’s Bureau. Women’s Bureau worked to “formulate standards and policies which shall promote the welfare of wage earning women… and advance their opportunities for profitable employment.”   <mask> worked closely with the Women’s Bureau in the campaign to enforce the merit system and pay equality for women in the federal civil service. For the next few years <mask> worked for the passing of a minimum wage law for women and children in Washington, D.C. and the Child Labor Amendment. However, eventually both failed. <mask> “continued to struggle within the conservative political climate but her attempts to represent the diversity of women’s interests through legislative means were increasingly defeated.”

<mask> died in 1951. References

1877 births
1951 deaths
American

masks:
Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith
Smith
Ethel Smith
Smith
Ethel Smith


title: Lonnie Smith

texts:
<mask> (born December 22, 1955) is an American former Major League Baseball left fielder. He made his debut for the Philadelphia Phillies on September 2, 1978 and later played for the St. Louis Cardinals, Kansas City Royals, Atlanta Braves, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Baltimore Orioles. He overcame bouts with drug abuse to become one of the top base-stealers in baseball during the 1980s, with the seventh-most steals. He played on five pennant-winning teams, three of which won the World Series. Playing career

Minor Leagues
<mask> began his minor league career with Auburn in the New York–Penn League in 1974. The following year, he led the league with 150 hits, 114 runs, and 56 stolen bases while playing for Spartanburg. In 1978, he led the league with 66 stolen bases while playing for Oklahoma City and scored 106 runs the following year again with Oklahoma City.Philadelphia Phillies
After brief trials with the Phillies in 1978 and 1979, <mask> broke into the team's lineup in , batting .339 in 100 games. The Phillies won the National League pennant and defeated the Kansas City Royals in the World Series. <mask>'s performance was strong enough for him to finish third in the Rookie of the Year balloting following the season. He continued to play well in the strike-shortened  season, hitting .324. St. Louis Cardinals
<mask> was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals in November 1981, for Lary Sorensen, in a deal which eventually netted the Phillies Bo Díaz. <mask> continued to hit well in , and to have a good on-base percentage. In fact, 1982 was a high-water year for <mask> in several different ways:
<mask> was in the MLB

masks:
Lonnie Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Lonnie Smith

texts: All-Star Game for the only time in his career in 1982.He had a batting average of .307, and on-base percentage of .381. He led the National League with 120 runs scored, which was the only time that he scored 100+ runs in a season during his major league career. <mask> also set career highs in 1982 with 592 at-bats, 182 hits, 35 doubles, and 257 total bases during the regular season. He also ranked second in the National league with a career-high 68 stolen bases, but he was also caught stealing a career-high 26 times. The Cardinals' manager, Whitey Herzog, had ordered his fastest players to attempt to steal bases whenever possible as part of his strategy for winning. All of the above pushed <mask> all the way up to second place in voting for the regular-season National League Most Valuable Player for 1982. That season, outfielder Dale Murphy of the Atlanta Braves won the National League MVP award, tying for the lead in runs batted in and walloping 36 home runs.<mask> batted a healthy .321 during the 1982 World Series, and he helped the Cardinals to defeat the Milwaukee Brewers ("Harvey's Wallbangers"), four games to three. Towards the end of his first season with the Cardinals, <mask> infamously attacked the Phillie Phanatic. Despite his speed, <mask> was known for occasionally tripping and falling whilst running. He attributed this to being "pigeon-toed" as a child. During a series between the Cardinals and the Phillies in September 1982, the Phillie Phanatic began mimicking <mask> at close range before the game, doing belly-whops on the turf. Tired of the mocking, <mask> tackled the Phanatic, reportedly

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Lonnie Smith

texts:
 injuring the mascots ankles. Despite this, <mask> was still allowed to play, so when he took his position in left field, Phillies fans started throwing beer bottles at him.Rather than seeking shelter, <mask> turned around, threw up his arms, and taunted them, daring them to hit him, which none did. <mask> continued to play well during , batting .321 (which placed him second in the National League only to Bill Madlock's .323), but in just 130 games, to again draw some MVP votes. However, this baseball season was struck with his first bout with illicit drug abuse, which sidelined him for a month at mid-season during a highly publicized rehabilitation stint at the Hyland Center in St. Louis. <mask> returned to the Cardinals after his time on the bench in 1983, and he remained with them through the end of the  baseball season. Kansas City Royals
<mask> was traded to the Royals in exchange for outfielder John Morris on May 17, 1985. The Royals were able to fill their left field spot with <mask>; they had lacked an everyday player since the departure of Amos Otis two years earlier. <mask>'s past met his present following the regular season, when he hit .333 in the 1985 World Series to lead the Royals to a seven-game upset of the favored Cardinals.When <mask> took the field in Game 1 of the 1985 World Series, he became the first player in MLB history to play in the World Series against a team that traded him away within the same season. Pittsburgh drug trials
<mask> testified in the Pittsburgh drug trials of September 1985. As with other major league players, he was granted immunity from prosecution in exchange for

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Lonnie Smith

texts:
 his testimony. In February 1986, <mask>, along with six other players, was determined to have been a prolonged drug user who had also facilitated distribution to other players, and was suspended for a full season. All the suspended players were allowed to continue playing under the condition that they donated ten percent of their base salaries to drug-related community service, submitted to random drug testing, and contributed 100 hours of drug-related community service. <mask> went on to have his best season in three years in , but saw his playing time reduced during the  season. In July 1987, <mask> told the Kansas City Times that under his agreement with the commissioner of baseball, he was supposed to be tested six to eight times per-year but had not been tested so far during 1987.More so, he strongly disagreed with Commissioner Ueberroth that professional baseball was free from illicit drugs. Following the 1987 season, <mask> had trouble finding a new team to play with, and he came to think that then-Royals general manager John Schuerholz had blackballed him. By his own account, <mask> was depressed and also addicted to cocaine when he considered murdering Schuerholz, and even purchased a pistol for that purpose. <mask> had second thoughts about committing such a serious crime, however, and he dropped the idea entirely. Atlanta Braves
During March of , then-Atlanta Braves general manager Bobby Cox (who would be succeeded by Schuerholz during <mask>'s time in Atlanta) offered <mask> a contract to play there. During Spring training, he made it to the team's 25-man roster, but he batted just .237 in limited

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Lonnie Smith

texts:
 playing time that season. However, in  1989, he cracked the starting line-up for the Braves' outfield, and he went on to accomplish one of his best baseball seasons ever.During that season, <mask> had a batting average of .315, and also had a career-high total of 21 home runs. <mask> also led the National League with a .415 on-base percentage. <mask> finished 11th in the voting of N.L. Most Valuable Player, and he was awarded the MLB Comeback Player of the Year Award. <mask> continued to be a regular outfielder for the Braves during the next two seasons, batting .305 in  and .275 in . <mask>'s play in 1991 helped the Braves improve from their National League West last-place finish in 1990 to winning the National League pennant in 1991, resulting in a World Series appearance for the first time since 1958, when the Braves were based in Milwaukee. 1991 World Series
<mask> committed a base-running blunder very late in Game 7 of the 1991 World Series versus the Minnesota Twins.<mask> was on first base with no outs in the eighth inning of this scoreless game. Then the Braves' batter Terry Pendleton struck a line-drive double to left field. It appeared that <mask> should have been able to score on this hit, but as he was rounding second base he paused, then having to stop at third base. <mask> later stated that he had lost sight of the baseball against the ceiling of the Metrodome, though replays from the TV coverage of the game showed that the Twins' second baseman Chuck Knoblauch and shortstop Greg Gagne had potentially deceived <mask>; Knoblauch pretended to throw to Gagne for a force, but didn't actually have the

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Lonnie Smith

texts:
 ball. Regardless of the cause, <mask> only advanced to third base. After a ground-out (the runners could not advance) and an intentional walk (which loaded the bases), <mask> was forced out at home plate in a double play, leaving the Braves scoreless. The score remained 0–0 through the end of the ninth inning.The Twins went on to score one run in the bottom of the tenth inning, taking the game 1–0, and winning the World Series four games to three. <mask> hit three home runs in the Series. Later career
<mask> remained with the Braves through the end of the  season, and he helped the Braves win the National League pennant once again, though they lost the World Series four games to two against the Toronto Blue Jays. <mask> hit a grand slam in game five of that series. Next, <mask> departed from the Braves, and he signed up with the Pittsburgh Pirates, where he played one season, and then one more with the  Baltimore Orioles, where he played mostly as just a pinch-hitter. <mask> played in his final major league game on August 10, 1994, in the Orioles' last game before that year's strike. He was granted free agency for the last time the following October 24.Career statistics
In 1613 games over 17 seasons, <mask> compiled a .288 batting average (1488-for-5170) with 909 runs, 273 doubles, 58 triples, 98 home runs, 533 RBI, 370 stolen bases, 623 base on balls, a .371 on-base percentage and a .420 slugging percentage. His career fielding percentage was .964. In five World Series and six playoff series, <mask> hit .278 (57-for-205) with 28 runs scored, 4 home runs and 17 RBI. Baseball historian Bill James wrote about


title: Lonnie Smith

texts:
 <mask> <mask>'s difficulties playing defense. He wryly stated that <mask> should have had a post-retirement career teaching (so-called) "defensive recovery and cost containment" since he had excelled at recovering from defensive difficulties in the outfield. Retirement
After retiring from pro baseball, <mask> married once more, and he and his wife returned to Atlanta to reside. They became the parents of three children.<mask> briefly re-entered national attention in 2006, when he told The State, a newspaper from Columbia, South Carolina, about his notion to murder Schuerholz eighteen years earlier. On June 18, 2015, sportswriter Jon Bois made a video documentary on <mask> <mask> and his history throughout his career, including the cocaine habits, near murder of Schuerholz, and his redemption with the Braves. Records and achievements
 <mask> is the only player to be a member of three different World Series winning teams (the Phillies, Cardinals, and Royals) within a single decade, and he did this in a six-year period. <mask> set a franchise record for the St. Louis Cardinals on September 4, 1982,  when he stole five bases in a single game. <mask> won the National League's runs-scored championship in 1982, when he scored 120 runs for the St. Louis Cardinals. In that baseball season, he led the Cardinals to the National League pennant and also a World Series championship. This was also his only baseball season in which he was selected to play on the National League All-Star Team.See also
List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders
List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
List of

masks: Lonnie Smith Smith Smith Smith Lonnie Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Lonnie Smith

texts:
 sportspeople sanctioned for doping offences
Major League Baseball Scandals

References

External links

The 100 Greatest Royals of All-Time- #71 Lonnie <mask>

1955 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
Águilas del Zulia players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Atlanta Braves players
Auburn Phillies players
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball players from Chicago
Kansas City Royals players
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball players suspended for drug offenses
National League All-Stars
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Omaha Royals players
Philadelphia Phillies players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Richmond Braves players
Spartanburg Phillies players
Baseball players from Atlanta
St. Louis Cardinals players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
<mask> (died 1660) was an English Puritan clergyman, controversialist and theologian, committed to a Presbyterian church order. As a minister in Manchester, he was an early opponent of Laudian ceremonies in the Church of England. He served the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam, and later at  Shrewsbury was a strong supporter of the regicide and of the republican Commonwealth of England. He spent his final year as rector of Stockport. Origins

<mask> was the younger brother of the Puritan minister and writer <mask>. They are said to have belonged to the Paget family of Rothley, a village on the edge of Charnwood Forest in Leicestershire. Their parents are unknown and it is impossible to be sure that Rothley was their place of birth.<mask> was admitted to the University of Cambridge in 1605, suggesting a birth date around 1587. Education and ordination

Paget entered Trinity College, Cambridge, as a sizar, a student receiving some assistance with costs, at Easter 1605. He graduated B.A. early in 1609. A <mask> B.A. of Trinity College was ordained deacon by the local ordinary, Martin Heton, on 6 June 1609 at Little Downham, a Cambridgeshire village where the Bishop of Ely had a palace: this seems to be him, although the Clergy of the Church of England database makes no link between this and his later career in Manchester. He proceeded to M.A.in 1612. Manchester

Appointment and ministry

Paget's first post was probably at Blackley chapel, which was part of the parish of St Mary's Church, Manchester. This had been a collegiate church in the late Middle Ages, established in 1421 at the instance of <mask> Warr,

masks:
Thomas Paget
Thomas Paget
John Paget
Thomas
Thomas Paget
Thomas la


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts: 5th Baron De La Warr, who became its first warden, by Henry V and Pope Martin V. Blackley chapel already existed at this time, and had been licensed for use by Roger de la Warr, <mask>'s father, in 1360. There were a number of chapels in the parish, generally established initially to provide for the needs of local landowners and their dependents: the Byron family, who held Blackley of the de la Warrs and lived locally, had applied for licences for chapels across their Lancashire estates from the early 15th century. The college was dissolved at the beginning of Edward VI's reign, along with almost all other colleges and chantries in England, but, unlike most of the others, was refounded by Mary I. Whatever its institutional character, St Mary's church continued to hold the advowson of Blackley chapel. Blackley became associated with radical Protestantism in this period.The Marian martyr John Bradford was probably a Blackley man He was certainly strongly influenced by Father Traves or Travis, the minister of Blackley in the mid-16th century. Paget was described as curate of Blackley in the Liber cleri or canonical visitation report for 1620 and as lecturer two years later. However, he was appointed well before this, although clearly not as early as 1603, or even 1600, which some sources give, basing this on the earliest possible date attributable to a "platform" or plan of the chapel in which a Mr <mask> is mentioned. Throughout the 16th century he chapel was probably regarded as the private oratory of the Byron family, who lived still locally. However, the Byrons moved away and began to sell off their

masks: Thomas Paget


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts: connections at Nantwich, where his brother John had served as rector and married before being forced to emigrate to the Dutch Republic. <mask> married Margery Gouldsmith at St Mary's Church, Nantwich on 6 April 1613. The first child of the marriage, Nathan, was baptised at Manchester on 31 March 1615.Paget's income was drawn from the pew rents and offerings of his congregation. The rent was due in quarterly instalments, as an episcopal confirmation of 1631 makes clear: the collection dates were Christmas (25 December), Annunciation (25 June), John the Baptist's Day (24 June) and Michaelmas (29 September). This was just after Paget left, as the clerk at the time was his successor, William Rathband. A plan, dated 1603, shows the layout and rentals of the pews, with the most expensive, nearest the front, being 8 shillings. One of the seats is assigned to Mr Paget, giving rise to the belief that <mask> was minister at Blackley in 1603. The minister at that date was Oliver Carter, who served from 1598 until his death in March 1605, and Paget's university admission date makes it impossible that he was serving in Manchester in 1603: there is an unexplained discrepancy in the sources. The plan gives considerable insight into who were the key lay supporters of the Puritan preaching at Blackley, with the Travis family still featuring strongly.It seems that lay offerings and support were considerable, as the old building was completely renovated during <mask>'s incumbency. Sometimes <mask>, like other ministers, benefited from bequests, as in 1624, when Judith Foxe left him 20 shillings in her will, as well as

masks:
Thomas
Thomas Paget
Paget
Paget


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 various sums for other ministers and more to be distributed by Bourne. Depending on this strong congregational base, the Presbyterian ministers also seem to have attempted a form of regional voluntary presbytery. Richard Hollinworth, a 17th-century Manchester Presbyterian minister, reports in his Mancuniensis that Bourne, with Paget and other ministers he approved, "often mett in a kind of consultatiue classis." They also took part together in preaching exercises, in which two or more sermons would be delivered at a particular chapel, with visiting preachers adding variety. Conflict and flight

Serious conflict between Lancashire Puritans and the ecclesiastical authorities broke out in 1617, bringing into the open a number of disputes that had already simmered for some time. The issues came to a head after James I visited Hoghton Tower on 17 August 1617 during a royal progress through Lancashire.There he was presented with a petition prepared by local religious conservatives, requesting relaxation of the laws governing Sunday observance, asking they be allowed to pursue "lawful recreations and honest exercises" after the service: the Tudor dynasty had progressively restricted such pursuits. The king responded positively and ordered <mask>, the Bishop of Chester, who was the preacher on the occasion, to prepare the Declaration of Sports, which was later applied to the whole country but was read out initially only in Lancashire. The document specifically excluded those who did not attend the Sunday service, meaning recusant Catholics, and those who attended churches outside their own parish, applying to


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 Puritans, who frequently went to hear preaching in another parish after the service in their own. Paget seems to have been closely associated in the minds of contemporaries with resistance to the so-called Book of Sports, as a tale of miraculous conversion was told of him in that connection. The grandmother of Oliver Heywood, the nonconformist minister, had a husband who was considered "carnal" because he went shooting on Sunday afternoons. She went for advice and prayer to the Puritan minister of Ainsworth, to no avail. However, the man visited Bury for the fair.Finding the church open for lectures, he went in and heard Paget speak. He was converted and set himself on a new course. <mask> was among a number of the resisting Lancashire ministers cited before Bishop Morton for nonconformity. Morton started Court of High Commission proceedings against them. A group of Lancashire justices of the peace petitioned Morton on the ministers' behalf. We have observed (soe farre as we are able to judge, in these our ministers, Integrity of life and conversation, orthodoxall soundnes of doctrine in their teaching, diligence and painfulness in their places; sobriety and peaceablenes in their dispositions free from factiousness. In regard whereof, and also the great good and profit which our Congregations where they remaine have abundantly received from their ministery, we are emboldened eftsoones to intreat &c.
Morton received the letter at Stockport rectory, to which Tobias Matthew, the Archbishop of York had appointed him alongside the bishopric.He observed in response: "They whom the letter concerneth are the


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts: bee fit for the better serving of God. The Puritan view was that the practice was idolatrous, defying the Second Commandment, , and evoking the Catholic doctrines of transubstantiation and the Sacrifice of the Mass. Paget was summoned to a confrontation with Bridgeman.He took up a stance based on : "But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men." Bridgeman illustrated the reclining posture he assumed to have been that of the disciples at the Last Supper and enquired whether Paget found that a decent and proper posture for communicants. With each unable even to understand each other's standpoint, it was inevitable that Paget would suffer and he was suspended from the ministry for two years. Henry Newcome included a story from this period in <mask>'s ministry in a collection of what he knew to be tall tales. Old Mr. Rootes told me several the like. As, an apparitor at Blakeley, when old Mr. Paget was there, came in among the communicants and took all their names, and bragged that he would present them all at the visitation. The next Lord's day he resolved to go to Bolton to entrap Mr. Gosnall and his communicants in like manner.On the Sabbath morning when he was getting up, something, as he thought, gave him a dust on the neck; he fell immediately sick, and died within two hours. Some godly men came in when he was dead, as neighbours, and providentially saw the paper and burned it ; and so the mischief by him was prevented. Divine interventions or not, Paget was pursued by misfortune as well as the ecclesiastical authorities. In 1628 his wife died and was buried at Bowdon in


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 Cheshire: this was one of the villages where Paget and other Puritan ministers held their monthly exercises and was close to Dunham Massey, the home of the leading Presbyterian layman in Cheshire George Booth. From 1625 the country had been ruled by Charles I's, who was perceived as an Arminian, opposed on a much deeper level to the Puritans, and closely supported by William Laud, whom he initially appointed Bishop of London. From 1629 the country was subjected to Thorough, an attempt at Absolute monarchy, with no Parliaments summoned for eleven years. In 1631 the Court of High Commission moved to serve Paget and other ministers with attachments for the various fines they had incurred, which increased at each hearing, and ordered they be imprisoned at York until they could offer securities.<mask> and his family were forced to go into hiding. With still higher fines and costs mounting, they fled, taking refuge in the Dutch Republic, where his brother John was pastor of the English Reformed Church, Amsterdam. Amsterdam

Exiled minister
<mask> and his children took up residence in Amsterdam and lived among expatriate and exiled English-speaking Protestants. They looked on the surrounding Dutch community and the Presbyterians of Scotland as allies in the Calvinist cause. The eldest son, Nathan, was sent for his higher education first to the University of Edinburgh and later to Leiden University. <mask> was greatly involved in polemics against an emerging Independent or Congregationalist strain among the English Calvinists. Elements in his congregation proposed bringing in <mask> and John Davenport as

masks:
Paget
Thomas Paget
John Paget
Thomas Hooker


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts: assistant ministers to balance Paget's determined Presbyterianism.It is unclear exactly how <mask> made a living, but it is known that <mask> and his wife Briget were wealthy, with two houses in Amsterdam and shares in the state-sponsored Dutch West India Company, which made large profits from the Atlantic slave trade. <mask> was evidently well-enough provided for to remarry and a son, named <mask>, was born in 1635. Another minister in the Amsterdam church alongside the Pagets was the veteran Julines Herring, who had served at Shrewsbury, where he clashed with Bishop Morton, and at Wrenbury, where he was one of the Cheshire ministers persecuted by Bridgeman. It seems that <mask> both assisted his brother and saw himself as his brother's spiritual heir. When John died sine prole in 1638 <mask> succeeded him as pastor. Briget, John's widow, moved to the Calvinist stronghold of Dordrecht to live with Robert Paget: he was John and <mask>'s nephew, whom she and John had adopted as a son. There she acted as John's literary executor.In 1639 she published  his Meditations of Death in, adding her own preface and dedicating it to Charles I's sister, Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, the Protestant heroine of the Thirty Years' War. The political relevance of drawing attention to Elizabeth and her friendship for exiled Puritans cannot have been lost. Charles I himself was trying to impose the Prayer Book on Scotland, initially it seemed with success, inflicting a major defeat on the Calvinists. However, the fierce reaction of the Covenanters and their victories in the Bishops' Wars forced the king to bring

masks:
Thomas
John Paget
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 Thorough to an end and to seek support from Parliament. Political intervention

In 1641 <mask> made a significant intervention in the English political situation by arranging for the publication in London and presentation to the Long Parliament of his brother's book: A Defence Of Church-Government, Exercised in Presbyteriall, Classicall, & Synodall Assemblies. The intervention had a very specific context that made his own experience relevant. A petition from Cheshire had asked Parliament to do away with bishops, canon law, the Prayer Book, and the Thirty-Nine Articles.This was countered by another Cheshire petition, advocating continuation of episcopacy and denouncing all Puritans as "Schismatiques and Separatists." The conservative petition was published by Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet with a dossier of supporting documents under the title A Remonstrance Against Presbytery. <mask> prefaced the book with  his own "Humble Advertisement", intended to provide a context for it. Examination of the finished product immediately reveals <mask>'s work to have been printed entirely separately from the rest of the book: it is unnumbered and is a much cruder and more rushed piece of typesetting. Moreover, the book already had a preface by <mask>, written in Dordrecht or Dort, under the heading "The Publisher to the Christian Reader." This suggests that it was one of Briget's editions, turned to an unintended purpose. The title page of the book explains that it advocates the "Authority of Classes and Synods, against the Patrons of Independencie: answering in this poynt Mr Davenport..." It was originally a response to

masks:
Thomas Paget
Thomas Aston
Thomas Paget
Thomas
Robert Paget


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts: <mask>'s problems at the Amsterdam church in the previous decade.<mask> began with a reference to the profound change in circumstances. It is the divine observation of Ecclesiastes the Sonne of David King in Ierufalem, To every thing there is a season: A time to keepe silence, and a time to speake. Truly it hath seemed to be a time to keepe silence in some by-gone yeeres in England, when the prudent Ministers of God were necessitated to keepe silence through the evill of the times, having beene made offenders for a word, as if their do&rine had beene conspiracy against the State, and the land not able to beare all their words. Paget went on to outline the experiences of the Puritan clergy in the Diocese of Chester, focussing on his own confrontations with Morton and Bridgeman. This gave way to a detailed critique of Aston's book containing the Cheshire royalist petition. Paget was concerned to distinguish Presbyterianism carefully from Independency. This was one of the themes of a series of "Animadversions" that brought his preface to an end.Countering fears that Presbyterianism was incompatible with good order, he was able to point out that "The United Netherlands doe finde by experience that Presbytery is no way to conducible to Anarchie." However, he also criticized the framers of the earlier anti-episcopal petition for being equally confused as to the distinctions between different traditions of Puritanism. Neither the Petition, nor Positions añexed to the Remonstrance doe seeke for Presbytery, but seeme rather to affect a popular government. The Patrons of popular government (contended for in the

masks:
John Paget
Thomas Paget


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 positions) are for the most part either Separatists, or Semi-separatists, who are as opposite to Presbyteriall government, as they are to Prelacy; as is well knowne to them that know them. And therfore it behooveth Cheshiremen to give righteous judgement, when they take upon them to censure, & in-no-wise confound & jumble together opiniõs & defenders of them soe directly opposite. Further publishing
The changed political situation had already allowed <mask>'s son <mask> to return to England, where he was admitted to the College of Physicians in 1640. With the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, his career blossomed at Cambridge, inside the area controlled by Parliament.He signed the Solemn League and Covenant, as Parliament demanded in order to cement its alliance with the Scottish Covenanters. He also married Elizabeth Cromwell, the cousin of a minor Roundhead commander called Oliver Cromwell. <mask> remained in Amsterdam throughout these difficult years, continuing to tend his flock, and writing for the now much wider market for English Puritan literature. In 1643 he published A Demonstration of Family Duties, a guide for Puritan parents that portrayed the family as a mutually sustaining community sharing a regulated common life:
because the members of the family do usually and for the most part share and partake more or less both in the welfare and in the miseries of one another mutually. And therefore they ought to use the means that God has sanctified and ordained for the mutual good and benefit of one another. As family members were generally together in the morning and evening, these would

masks:
Thomas
Nathan Paget
Thomas


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 be the best times for them to take part together in religious exercises. The very regularity of the daily round was important as it allowed the head of the family to embed the family in a wider social network, bringing in "some godly brethren and christian neighbours, for the more solemn performance of religious duties together."Shrewsbury

Appointment
Probably in 1645 Paget became aware of overtures from Shrewsbury. The town had fallen to the Parliamentarians as a result of a daring operation planned by Willem Reinking, a Dutch professional soldier, under the direction of its parliamentary committee, on 21 February. Royalist and Laudian clergy were purged from the town and the surrounding areas and replacements sought. Initially the centre of interest in Amsterdam was Julines Herring, who was probably invited back by <mask>, the merchant and former bailiff who had first introduced him to Shrewsbury around 1617. However, both Rowley and Herring were dead by the summer of 1645. Attention then turned to Paget: presumably Herring had recommended him. Some time in 1646 the congregation of St Chad's Church elected him as their minister, "for this was now become the mode of appointment," as Owen and Blakeway, both later Anglican clergymen in the town, remark in their 1825 History of Shrewsbury.The previous incumbent was one Lendall (forename unknown), who was perhaps appointed under the first royalist governor, Sir Francis Ottley. He seems to have been treated as a prisoner of war on the capture of the town and removed under an Act of 16 December 1642 ordering sequestration of the livings of those who joined


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 the king's army. <mask> was definitely working at St Chad's by 4 November, when the parish register records the burial of "John, s. of Mr. <mask>, minister, of Chad's." It was not <mask>'s only loss in his early years at Chad's: a daughter, Hanna, was buried on 15 May 1648. The entries shows that the honorific "Saint" was no longer being used in the name of the church, in line with Puritan practice, which allowed it only for New Testament personages, or sometimes just for the Twelve Apostles. Chad's was a demanding parish. It had been an important collegiate church in the Middle Ages, with a Dean and chapter and still had a very large parish, stretching out into the countryside south of Shrewsbury.The parish register shows that the birth, marriage and death rites involved considerable work, even in normal times. Between 21 and 28 March 1647, an entirely typical period, Paget must have conducted 11 baptisms, and 7 funerals and   In April "It rayned in this month sutch store of raine,
was sutch a flood as hath seldom bin the like." In December "23 of this month was a woman
burned in the quorell for poysong her husband" – a disturbing event even in a time of war and violence. There were numerous drownings in the River Severn even in normal times. To add to the work, the neighbouring church of Julian had been provided with preachers only occasionally for many decades. Richard Lee, a minister who had made his name in the Puritan opposition at St Peter's Collegiate Church, was curate there for a time in 1642: forced out with the other Puritan clergy, he had since refocused his efforts in Wolverhampton. There

masks:
Paget
Thomas Padgett
Paget


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 had been no other regular incumbent since 1609 and the congregation generally relied on the minister of Chad's.The Shropshire Presbyteries

Parliament had ordered that Presbyteries should be established in every county in June 1646. Shropshire had a complete system of six classes, based in Shrewsbury, Oswestry, Bridgnorth, Whitchurch, Ludlow and Chirbury. It was among only eight counties that got so far as to attempt implementation of a full Presbyterian polity. The scheme is recorded in a document entitled The Severall Divisions and Persons for Classicall Presbyteries in the County of Salop, issued over the signature of Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester. "Cedds parish," the rendering used for Chad's, was allocated to the First Classis, along with the other Shrewsbury parishes and the surrounding rural parishes, and Paget was named as one of the eight ministers or teaching elders of the classis. Paget was the oldest and most experienced of the classis ministers in the town: Barbara Coulton writes that "Paget was to be a magisterial figure in Shrewsbury." The incumbent of Alkmund's was <mask> and Samuel Fisher was the pastor at Mary's: both were to become significant Puritan controversialists but were considerably younger than Paget.The lay elders were headed by the mayor of Shrewsbury and included Richard Pigot, the headmaster of Shrewsbury School, whom Paget must have known already, as Pigot was head of Northwich School when <mask> was a student. The key figure among the elders was, however, Humphrey Mackworth of Betton Strange, the military governor of the town. Mackworth was one of Paget's

masks:
Thomas Blake
Nathan Paget


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts: disturb the fast enjoined by authority. This was alarmist, but genuinely alarming was Whitelocke's note in July: "Letters that the plague was broken out in Shrewsbury." Although news only reached London in July  The outbreak of bubonic plague began a month earlier, as a marginal note in Chad's register makes clear.The plaige begun in Shrowsbure the 12 of June 1650 in Frankwell, at John Conie's howse — <mask> Esqre., Maior of Shrowsbury. This followed an entry recording the death of "John, s. of Richard Scrawley, a Irishman." Chad's parish register alone records 251 deaths, many of which took place in the pest-house. Owen and Blakeway's calculations show a peak in the summer months, with 76 in August, and a fairly rapid decline in the winter, tailing off to just two plague deaths in January 1651. Pressure from the government peaked exactly as the plague reached its most lethal stage. It was on 16 August that the Council of State wrote to Mackworth ordering him "to turn out of his garrison all such persons as, either in the pulpit or elsewhere, by seditious words endeavour to stir up sedition and uproar among the people." A week later the Council was more specific, naming Blake and Fisher, ordering Mackworth to detain them and to "examine them as to their former and late offences."The two dissident ministers were forced to leave the town late in the year. leaving <mask> the sole serving minister in the centre of Shrewsbury for some time. It seems that normal life was resumed fairly quickly, Whitelocke noting as early as December 1650 news "Of the ceasing of the plague in Shrewsbury, and thereupon that the

masks:
Thomas Heayes
Paget


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 markets were as full as ever." However, Shrewsbury faced another emergency in August 1651 as the Third English Civil War approached its final stage. The Scottish army of Charles II of Scotland camped a few miles away at Tong, when, as Whitelocke noted, "the king sent a summons to colonel Mackworth, governor of Shrewsbury, inviting him to surrender that garrison to him; but the governor returned him a peremptory denial." There is no trace of an incumbent at Alkmund's before 29 August 1651, just after the king's army moved on, when the corporation agreed to add £5 towards the salary of Richard Heath, and it was not until January 1653 that Francis Tallents was installed at Mary's. <mask>, Heath and Tallents were all appointed as ministers "assistant" to the Commissioners who were empowered by an ordinance of 22 August to eject "scandalous, ignorant, and insufficient or negligent ministers and schoolmasters."About six were actually ejected by the commissioners over  the next two years. Old age and new voices

Considerable changes in the balance of power now undermined Paget's local supremacy. Mackworth had spent much of 1654 in London as a member of the Protector's Council but died near the end of the year. The new governor, the younger Humphrey Mackworth, did not wield the same monopoly of power as his father. Under the Rule of the Major-Generals, Shropshire fell into the area governed by the Independent James Berry and he brought to the fore <mask>, a leading local Presbyterian. Hunt was on good terms with Richard Baxter and they explored ways of opening up the pulpits to fresh preachers. Baxter visited and

masks:
Paget
Thomas Hunt


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 removed (as they tell me); and Mr. Paget is not long for this world." However, he had not found Paget quite so fearsome as he had supposed: "I hope Mr. Paget is not altogether so morose as some report him. I went to him after I writ to you last, and found him very fair and placable…" However, nothing came of the attempt to recruit Newcome as a minister to Shrewsbury. Stockport

<mask> finally left Chad's for a well-paid and easier post. After the death of Oliver Cromwell on 3 September 1658, his son and successor, Richard Cromwell, reinstated as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster the ardent republican John Bradshaw. One of the livings at Bradshaw's disposal was the rectory of Mary's Church, Stockport and he presented Paget to it.Paget automatically lost Chad's as soon as he accepted Stockport. A marginal note in Chad's parish register for 1658/9 relates that: "March 27, Mr. John Bryan was chossen minr. by the whole parish, being the next lord's day after that Mr. Paget had loste the place." Newcome and Paget must have formed a fairly cordial relationship at this stage, as Newcome, a minister of the Collegiate Church in Manchester, visited Stockport to preach every Friday afternoon  until the Great Ejection of 1662. Thus Newcome and Heyricke were able to visit Paget socially, sitting in the rectory at Stockport to hear the old man reminisce about the resistance to Bishop Morton, its former occupant. However Paget did not survive long in his new post. He lived to see the restoration of the monarchy but was spared the Ejection.It seems likely his deteriorating health forced him to resign some time before


title: Thomas Paget (Puritan minister)

texts:
 his death, as his successor, Henry Warren, was instituted on 21 September 1660. Death

Paget died in October 1660. His will, proved on 16 October, left his property to his sons, Nathan and <mask>, but mentions also three surviving daughters, Dorothy, Elizabeth and Mary. Paget nominated as supervisor of the will his "cousin" <mask>, an apothecary of Manchester who was actually a nephew of Margery Gouldsmith, his first wife. Marriages and family

Paget married twice. Margery Gouldsmith or Goldsmith was from Nantwich and married Paget on 6 April 1613 and died in 1628. This marriage produced at least four known children, including
 <mask>, a noted physician, who married Elizabeth Cromwell, and was a close friend of John Milton.He introduced Milton to his cousin Elizabeth Minshull, who later became the poet's third wife. Dorothy
 Elizabeth. The name of <mask>'s second wife seems to be unknown. At least three children of the marriage are known. <mask>, a minister. He seems to have been born between 1635 and 1638 and became clerk of Shrewsbury School. John, who died in childhood at Shrewsbury in 1646.Hanna, who was buried at Shrewsbury in 1648. Footnotes

References

Mapping <mask>'s life

1660 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
17th-century English Puritan ministers
English Jacobean nonconforming clergy
17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
English Presbyterian ministers of the Interregnum (England)
Christianity in Manchester
Religion in Shropshire
Religion in Cheshire
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English religious writers
17th-century English writers
17th-century English male

masks:
Thomas
Thomas Minshull
Nathan Paget
Paget
Thomas
Thomas Paget


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts:
<mask>. (1874–1953) was an American professor of political science at the University of Chicago, founder of the behavioral approach to political science, a trainer of many graduate students, a prominent intellectual in the Progressive Movement, and an advisor to several US Presidents. Upon his death, The New York Times called him "one of the outstanding political scientists in the country". Early life and education
<mask> was born in Hopkinton, Iowa, on November 15, 1874, to <mask> and <mask>. The Merriams traced their lineage to Scottish immigrants who settled in Massachusetts in 1638. The father moved to Iowa in 1855, and served with the 12th Iowa Infantry Regiment in the American Civil War. <mask> and Margaret (both Presbyterians) were married in 1868. <mask><mask>. owned a dry goods store and was postmaster and president of the school board in Hopkinton.<mask>.'s elder brother was John C<mask> (who became a noted paleontologist), and he had a younger sister, Susan Agnes <mask>. <mask> attended public school in Hopkinton. He graduated from Lenox College in 1893 (his father was a trustee of the school), taught school for a year, and then returned to college to receive his Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Iowa in 1895. He received his master's degree in 1897 and Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1900 from Columbia University. He studied in Paris and Berlin in 1899 while completing his PhD. Among his mentors from whom he adopted much of his early political thought were Frank Johnson Goodnow, Otto von Gierke, and James Harvey Robinson. He married Elizabeth Hilda Doyle (of Constable, New York) in 1900.Career

Academic career

masks:
Charles Edward Merriam Jr
Charles Merriam
Charles Edward Merriam
Margaret Campbell Kirkwood Merriam
Charles
Charles E
. Merriam Sr
Charles Jr
. Merriam
Merriam
Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts:
 and contributions
<mask> joined the faculty at the University of Chicago in 1900 as the first member of the political science faculty. He authored A History of American Political Theories in 1903, a notable analysis of American political movements which strongly supported the emerging Progressive movement. He moved up quickly in the department, reached the rank of full Professor in 1911, and served as chairman of the department of political science from 1911 until his retirement. From 1907 to 1911, he served as chairman of the College of Commerce and Administration (the precursor to the Booth School of Business). Merriam significantly influenced the discipline of political science in the United States during his years in academia. As two political scientists noted in their study of the discipline in 1985, "Merriam's hand can be seen in virtually every facet of modern political science." "As much as any single scholar during this period, Merriam set the standard for how American democracy should be studied within the academy" was the assessment of Merriam's thinking on the discipline by another political scientist in 2008.The political scientist Gabriel Almond concluded, "The Chicago school is generally acknowledged to have been the founding influence in the history of modern political science, and <mask><mask> is generally recognized as the founder and shaper of the Chicago school." <mask> was a leading advocate of the use of data and quantitative analysis in the practice of political science (even though he himself had almost no training in mathematics or statistics), and he founded the behavioralistic approach to political science.

masks:
Merriam
Charles E
. Merriam
Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts:
 Merriam "denied the utility of theory" and advocated instead a "practical" political science aimed at creating a more harmonious, democratic, and pluralistic society. A corollary to this thinking was his "vision of social scientists as technical advisors to society's political leaders." Merriam also deeply influenced the administration of political science in academia. He assembled a faculty that represented some of the best scholars of the day, and he and the faculty produced some of the brightest political scientists of the next generation, creating a department that dominated the discipline for 30 years. His influence was such that the department's structure, personnel, and reputation largely did not survive his retirement in 1940.He also pushed the discipline to move away from European-style theoretical discussion and into actual research, and he established the first social science interdisciplinary research institutes in the United States. He was also a leader in pursuing private grants and foundation money as a means of funding this research. According to Harold Lasswell, Merriam also promoted use of concepts from psychology to the field of political science. <mask> was a critic of the states system in the United States. He argued that the states system was a problem for cities, as the state governments neither governed the cities nor allowed the cities to govern themselves. Local political career
<mask> was a member of the Chicago City Charter Convention of 1906. He was commissioned by the City Club of Chicago in 1906 to study Chicago's tax system, and later served as a vice president of that influential organization.He served

masks: Merriam Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts:
 as a Chicago City Council Alderman for the old 7th Ward from 1909 to 1911, winning office (in part) due to the success of his 1903 textbook. He served on two key committees (Crime and Finance), and also served on three important city commissions (City Expenditures, Harbor, and Waste). While serving on the Harbor Commission, he became acquainted with Frederic Delano, uncle of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He left office in 1911 to run (unsuccessfully) as a Republican for Mayor of Chicago. His campaign manager was Harold Ickes. Although he won the Republican primary by a very wide margin, he narrowly lost the general election to Carter Harrison Jr. <mask> and Ickes helped co-found the Illinois Progressive Party, and they supported Robert M. La Follette for president until Theodore Roosevelt defeated him for the Progressive Party nomination. He campaigned for former President Theodore Roosevelt under the "Bull Moose" ticket in 1912.He again served as an Alderman from 1913 to 1917, albeit as an Independent rather than a Republican. In 1916, he established the Bureau of Public Efficiency, a private organization which helped establish many quasi-public corporations and organized the Chicago Park District. <mask> lost his bid for re-election as alderman after being defeated in the Republican primary by just five votes in 1917. He unsuccessfully ran again for mayor in 1919, losing the Republican primary to incumbent William Hale Thompson. Federal service

<mask><mask> was an advisor to several presidents, and had a lengthy career in federal service. In 1911, President William Howard Taft offered him a seat on the Commission on Economy and Efficiency,

masks:
Merriam
Merriam
Charles E
. Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts: a body established under the authority of the Civil Appropriations Act of 1910 to study the administration of the executive branch, but Merriam declined. In 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked him to serve on the newly formed Tariff Commission (now the United States International Trade Commission), but again he declined federal service.During World War I, the 43-year-old <mask> joined the US Army Signal Corps, was commissioned a captain, and served on the federal government's Aviation Examining Board for the Chicago region. He was also on the federal government's Committee on Public Information, an independent government agency created to influence US public opinion and encourage American participation in World War I. From April to September 1918, he was American High Commissioner for Public Information in Rome, Italy, where he developed propaganda designed to sway Italian public opinion. His mission was not only to encourage the Italian public to keep Italy in the war on the Allied side but also to undermine support for socialist and communist political parties. He may even have used Rockefeller Foundation money to help convince socialist leader Benito Mussolini to support the war. During his time in Rome, however, Merriam usurped the prerogatives of the US ambassador and embassy staff, and his repeated clashes caused him to be sent back to the United States after just six months in the post. Merriam claimed to be deeply shaken by his experiences in Italy, although he did not make clear in what way his views had changed.He also engaged in an extramarital affair while overseas, which led to marital problems. Back in Chicago, <mask>


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts: coordinated and edited a series of comparative studies by political scientists on the use of expertise in policy making, civic education, and public opinion. <mask>'s contribution to the series, The Making of Citizens (1934), was highly laudatory of Soviet Russia, Nazi Germany, and Fascist Italy's use of these tools to strengthen the sense of national purpose and achieve policy goals. <mask> was highly critical of these regimes, though, and felt that a more scientific approach would avoid the messianism on which these governments relied and strengthen democratic and pluralistic norms. He co-founded the Local Community Research Committee (LCRC) in 1923 with money from the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Foundation, he set up programs to collecting data on urban problems, and disseminating current policy ideas. He also helped organize the Social Science Research Council (an outgrowth of the LCRC) in 1923 with a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, and served as its first president in 1924. In 1929, he co-founded (again, with a grant from the Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Foundation) the Public Administration Clearing House, an umbrella group which fostered collaboration and communication among associations in the field of public administration.<mask> served as president of the American Political Science Association in 1925. That same year, he authored the book New Aspects of Politics, which called for marshalling the resources of political science research in a search for solutions to pressing social issues. <mask> returned to government service in 1929, serving as vice chairman on President Herbert Hoover's President's Research

masks: Merriam Merriam Merriam Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts: Committee on Social Trends (PRCST). A landmark federal research initiative into demographics and emerging social issues, the PRCST "altered the direction and use of social science research in the United States." His relationship with Ickes allowed him to continue his service in the nation's capital under President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the Great Depression, he was considered the country's most influential political scientist. In July 1933, Harold Ickes (now United States Secretary of the Interior) appointed <mask> to serve on the National Planning Board (and its successors, the National Resources Board and the National Resources Planning Board) <mask> was the body's most influential member.In this capacity, he helped draft proposals for an expansive welfare state. Although President Roosevelt approved of the plans and proposed implementing them in his "Four Freedoms" speech of January 6, 1941, the proposals were politically not viable and were never adopted. In 1934, <mask> served on the Commission of Inquiry on Public Service Personnel, a research group established by the Social Science Research Council to research, analyze, and make proposals regarding the federal civil service and civil service reform (with an eye to the innovations made by the Tennessee Valley Authority). The body was funded by the Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Foundation, and Luther Gulick was the Commission's research director. The group made a number of important proposals regarding civil service reform, although not all were adopted. It did spark interest in the merit system, and many of its civil service reform proposals were adopted by several states.

masks: Merriam Merriam Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts: <mask> believed that part of the success or failure of the National Planning Board's proposals depended on the administrative capacity of the executive branch to adopt and push for the recommended policies.Therefore, <mask> began lobbying President Roosevelt for a commission to study the structure and functions of the executive. Roosevelt was very receptive to the idea. The Supreme Court had struck down the National Industrial Recovery Act (a key legislative accomplishment of the New Deal) in Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 295 U.S. 495 (1935), and significantly limited the president's power to remove members of independent executive agencies in Panama Refining Co. v. Ryan, 293 U.S. 388 (1935). <mask> assured the president that if he established a committee to review the administration of the executive branch, the committee's report could be written in such a way as to justify the president's reorganization goals while couching them in the neutral language of academic research. On March 22, 1936, Roosevelt established the Committee on Administrative Management (commonly known as the Brownlow Committee) and charged it with developing proposals for reorganizing the executive branch. Besides himself, the three-person committee consisted of Louis Brownlow, and Luther Gulick. On January 10, 1937, the committee released its report.Famously declaring "The President needs help," the committee's report advocated a strong chief executive, including among its 37 recommendations significant expansion of the presidential staff, integration of managerial agencies into a single presidential office, expansion of the merit system, integration


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts:
 of all independent agencies into existing Cabinet departments, and modernization of federal accounting and financial practices. Retirement and death
<mask> retired from the University of Chicago in 1940, at the age of 66. He was the last director of the Lucy Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund, acting in that capacity from 1940 until its merger with the Rockefeller Foundation in 1949. <mask> died on January 8, 1953, at Hilltop Hospital in Rockville, Maryland, after a long illness. He was survived by his daughter and three sons. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. The University of Illinois picks a distinguished academic to honor with the <mask> E. Merriam Award for Outstanding Public Policy Research.Notable works
<mask> was a prolific author during his lifetime. Some of his more notable works include:
 A History of American Political Theories. New York: MacMillan, 1903. The American Party System: An Introduction to the Study of Political Parties in the United States. New York: MacMillan, 1922. Non-Voting: Causes and Methods of Control. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1924.New Aspects of Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1925. The Making of Citizens: A Comparative Study of Methods of Civic Training. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1931. Civic Education in the United States. New York: Scribner, 1934. Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography
 Adams, David K. Reflections on American Exceptionalism.Staffordshire, England: Ryburn, 1994. Adcock, Robert. Modern Political Science: Anglo-American Exchanges Since 1880. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2007. Almond, Gabriel A. Ventures in

masks:
Charles Merriam
Charles Merriam
Charles
Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts: Simon: The Bounds of Reason in Modern America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. Davis, David Howard. Ignoring the Apocalypse: Why Planning to Prevent Environmental Catastrophe Goes Astray.Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2007. Dickinson, Matthew J. Bitter Harvest: FDR, Presidential Power, and the Growth of the Presidential Branch. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Domhoff, G. William. Who Really Rules? : New Haven and Community Power Reexamined.New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Books, 1978. "Dr. C.E<mask>, Noted Educator." New York Times. January 9, 1953. Duck, Leigh Anne. The Nation's Region Southern Modernism, Segregation, and U.S.Nationalism. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2009. Featherman, David L. and Vinovskis, Maris. Social Science and Policy-Making: A Search for Relevance in the Twentieth Century. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 2001. Felbinger, Claire L., and Haynes, Wendy A. Outstanding Women in Public Administration: Leaders, Mentors, and Pioneers.Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 2004. Fesler, James W. Elements of Public Administration. Alcester, Warwickshire, U.K.: Brownell Press, 2007. Fosdick, Raymond Blaine. The Story of the Rockefeller Foundation. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1989."Foundation Lists $886,500 in Grants." New York Times. October 31, 1940. Galligan, Brian; Roberts, Winsome; and Trifiletti, Gabriella. Australians and Globalisation: The Experience of Two Centuries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Gargan, John J. Handbook of State Government Administration.Florence, Ky.: CRC Press, 1999. Garson, George David. Group Theories of Politics.


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts:
 Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1978. Gates, Richard. Early Urban Planning. Florence, Ky.: Routledge, 2004.Geiger, Roger L. To Advance Knowledge: The Growth of American Research Universities: 1900–1940. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 2004. Guttenberg, Albert Z. The Language of Planning: Essays on the Origins and Ends of American Planning Thought. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1993. Hollinger, David A. Science, Jews, and Secular Culture: Studies in Mid-Twentieth-Century American Intellectual History.Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996. Karl, Barry Dean. Executive Reorganization and Reform in the New Deal: The Genesis of Administrative Management, 1900–1939. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1963. Karl, Barry Dean. <mask><mask> and the study of politics (1974) the standard scholarly biography
 Klausen, Jytte. War and Welfare: Europe and the United States, 1945 to the Present.New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. Kloppenberg, James T. and Fox, Richard Wrightman. A Companion to American Thought. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995. Maisel, Louis Sandy. The Parties Respond: Changes in American Parties and Campaigns. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2002.Manning, Martin. Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2004. Mark, Stephen R. Preserving the Living Past: John C. Merriam's Legacy in the State and National Parks. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 2005. Merry, John F. History of Delaware County, Iowa, and Its People. Chicago: S.J.Clarke Pub. Co., 1914. Milkis, Sidney M. The New Deal and the Triumph of Liberalism. Amherst, Mass. : University

masks:
Charles E
. Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts: of Massachusetts Press, 2002. Moe, Ronald C. Administrative Renewal: Reorganization Commissions in the 20th Century. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2003. Niemei, Richard G. and Junn, Jane. Civic Education: What Makes Students Learn. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2005. "$1,032,000 Grants By Spelman Fund." New York Times. April 17, 1947.Oren, Ido. Our Enemies and U.S.: America's Rivalries and the Making of Political Science. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2003. Pearson, Sidney A., Jr. "Introduction to the Transaction Edition." In <mask>, <mask>. A History of American Political Theories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2008. Pegram, Thomas R. Partisans and Progressives: Private Interest and Public Policy in Illinois, 1870–1922.Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1992. Pope, <mask>; <mask>, <mask>; Gildersome-Dickinson, C.E. ; and <mask>, James Sheldon. Merriam Genealogy in England and America: Including the "Genealogical Memoranda" of <mask> <mask>, the Collections of James Sheldon <mask>, etc. Boston: Pope, 1906. Porter, Roy. The Cambridge History of Science.New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. "The President's Commission on Economy and Efficiency." American Political Science Review. 5:4 (November 1911). "President Orders Own Survey to Cut New Deal Activity." New York Times. March 23, 1936."Records of the National Resources Planning Board (NRPB), 1931–1943." Record Group 187. Guide to Federal Records in the National Archives of the United States. Compiled by Robert B. Matchette, et al. Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, 1995. Reagan, Patrick D.

masks:
Merriam
Charles E
Charles Henry
Merriam
Charles Pierce
Merriam
Charles Pierce
Merriam
Merriam


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts: Designing a New America: The Origins of New Deal Planning, 1890–1943. Amherst, Mass.: University of Massachusetts Press, 2000. Roelofs, Joan. Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 2003. Rossini, Daniela. Woodrow Wilson and the American Myth in Italy: Culture, Diplomacy, and War Propaganda. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2008.Ruble, Blair A. Second Metropolis: Pragmatic Pluralism in Gilded Age Chicago, Silver Age Moscow, and Meiji Osaka. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Rudalevige, Andrew. The New Imperial Presidency: Renewing Presidential Power After Watergate. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan Press, 2005. Rudolph, Lloyd I., and Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber.Making U.S. Foreign Policy Toward South Asia: Regional Imperatives and the Imperial Presidency. New Delhi: Concept Pub. Co., 2008. Sawyers, June Skinner. Chicago Portraits: Biographies of 250 Famous Chicagoans. Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1991. Schnietz, Karen E. "The 1916 Tariff Commission: Democrats' Use of Expert Information to Constrain Republican Tariff Protection."Business and Economic History. 23:1 (Fall 1994). Seidelman, Raymond and Harpham, <mask>. Disenchanted Realists: Political Science and the American Crisis, 1884–1984. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1985. Shafritz, Jay M. "The Brownlow Committee." In The Dictionary of Public Policy and Administration. Jay M. Shafritz, ed.Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 2004. Smelser, Neil J. and Gerstein, Dean R. Behavioral and Social Science: Fifty Years of Discovery. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press,


title: Charles Edward Merriam

texts:
 1986. Smith, Mark C. Social Science in the Crucible: The American Debate Over Objectivity and Purpose, 1918–1941. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1994. "Spelman Fund Aid of $657,800 Listed." New York Times.December 28, 1949. Sundquist, James L. The Decline and Resurgence of Congress. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 1981. Suny, Ronald Grigor. The Cambridge History of Russia. Vol. 3: The Twentieth Century.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. United States Army. Iowa Infantry Regiment, 12th (1861–1865). Reunion of Twelfth Iowa Vet. Vol. Infantry. Dubuque, Ia.: The Regiment, 1903. U.S. President's Committee on Administrative Management. Report of the President's Committee. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1937. Utter, Glenn H. and Lockhart, <mask>. American Political Scientists: A Dictionary. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 2002.External links

 "<mask><mask> – Political Science." The University of Chicago Faculty: A Centennial View. University of Chicago. – Biography and photographs
 "<mask> Merriam." Burial record at Arlington National Cemetery. Guide to the Charles E. Merriam Papers 1893–1957 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

1874 births
1953 deaths
American political scientists
People from Delaware County, Iowa
Chicago City Council members
Columbia University alumni
American people of Scottish descent
University of Chicago faculty
University of Iowa alumni
Illinois Progressives (1912)
American city managers
United States Army personnel of World War I
Franklin D. Roosevelt administration personnel
Illinois Republicans
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Social

masks:
Charles
Charles E
. Merriam
Charles Edward


title: Bertina Lopes

texts:
<mask> (July 11, 1924 – February 10, 2012) was a Mozambican-born, Italian painter and sculptor. <mask>' work displays a deep African sensibility with saturated colours and bold compositions of mask-like figures and geometric forms. She has been acknowledged for highlighting 'the social criticism and nationalistic fervour that influenced other Mozambican artists of her time'. Personal life
<mask> was born in Maputo (formerly known as Lourenço Marques), Mozambique, on July 11, 1924 to an African mother, whose family was locally known, and a Portuguese father, who was a fieldworker. She was educated in Maputo, but after her second year of senior high school, she relocated to Lisbon to complete secondary school, where she studied painting and drawing with Lino António and Celestino Alves and earned a degree in painting and sculpture. Around that time she met artists such as Marcelino Vespeira, Carlos Botelho, Albertina Mantua, Costa Pinheiro, Júlio Pomar and Nuno Sampayo. In 1953 <mask> returned to Mozambique, where she married poet Virgilio de Lemos, with whom she had twin sons.<mask> taught Artistic Drawing at General Machado Girls’ Technical School for nine years. Although she was appreciated for her innovative teaching skills, these would occasionally enter in conflict with the school ruling system. In 1955 de Lemos published an anti-colonial poem that resulted in a trial for desecration of the Portuguese flag. He subsequently joined the Mozambican Resistance (1954–61) and was arrested for subversion. The events reinforced <mask>' sympathy for the weak and oppressed fringes of the

masks:
Bertina Lopes
Lopes
Lopes
Lopes
Lopes
Lopes


title: Bertina Lopes

texts: population  – a subject that would often recur in her art. During this period of her life, cultural nationalism became a large influence for both her artwork and personal ideology. In 1956, <mask> painted a mural called "Pavilhão da Evocação Històrica" which was inaugurated on the occasion of an official visit of António de Oliveira Salazar to Maputo.Three years later, she was nominated president of the “Nùcleo de Arte” of Maputo and Vice President of “Direcção” of “Nùcleo de Arte”. Due to her association with de Lemos, and with the outbreak of the Mozambican War of Independence in sight, <mask> was forced to leave Mozambique in 1961. After a short period of time in Lisbon, she moved to Rome. In 1964 she married Francesco Confaloni, a computer engineer and art lover. During those times she befriended some of the protagonists of the Italian art scene, including Marino Marini, Renato Guttuso, Carlo Levi and Antonio Scordia. In 1965 <mask> obtained Italian citizenship. In 1979 <mask> paid a visit to Mozambique for the first time since her departure, and in 1982 her work was the subject of a large exhibition at the Museu Nacional de Arte Moderna in Maputo.In 1986 her first retrospective opened at Palazzo Venezia in Rome. In 1993 she was honoured as Commander for Merits by the President of the Republic of Portugal Mario Soares in Lisbon. In 1995 <mask> was the winner of the Gabriele D'Annunzio Prize in Rome. In 2002 she was honoured by Italian President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi for her contributions to the art. <mask>' last public appearance was at the Venice Biennale in 2011. She died in

masks: Lopes Lopes Lopes Lopes Lopes Lopes


title: Bertina Lopes

texts:
 Rome in 2012 at the age of 86. Mozambican President Armando Guebuza described <mask> as 'a humble, creative, combative and generous woman, who always demanded of herself that she surpass her previous achievements'.Work
<mask>' work was influenced by multiple sources, including Mozambican art and Portuguese modernism. Between 1946 and 1956, she embraced the art of Western painters and South American graffiti artist. Following Picasso's death in 1970, <mask> paid tribute to him with an intense painting that symbolized political repression in Spain. Once Lopes became grew closer to antifascist circles, she started opposing the idea of "arte negra (black art) and found inspiration in the poetry of José Craveirinha and Noémia de Sousa, incorporating social themes into her work. Lopes’ work was also deeply influenced by the political events that affected her home country, in particular during the period that followed the independence and the civil war between FRELIMO and RENAMO. Much of Lopes' work featured African fairy tales and stories that relate to the political events occurring at the time of production. Awards

1950 – Painting Prize, Lourenço Marques (Mozambique)

1953 – Medalha de Prata, Lourenço Marques (Mozambique)

1953 – Prémio Empresa Moderna, Lda., Lourenço Marques (Mozambique)

1958 – First Classified (Maior Mérito Artistico), Beira (Mozambique)

1974 – Trullo D’Oro, Fasano di Puglia, Brindisi

1974 – La Mamma nell’arte, Comunità di Sant’Egidio, Rome

1975 – International Painting Prize, International Center of Mediterranean Art and Culture, Corfu (Greece)

1978 – Leader

masks: Lopes Lopes Lopes


title: Alexander Pomerantsev

texts:
<mask> (, November 11, 1849 — October 27, 1918) was a Russian architect and educator responsible for some of the most ambitious architectural projects realized in Imperial Russia and Bulgaria at the turn of the 20th century. An accomplished eclecticist, <mask> practiced Art Nouveau, Byzantine, Russian Revival styles and collaborated with leading structural engineers of his period in creating new types of commercial buildings. Training and early career

<mask> was born in Moscow and graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1874. He furthered his education at the Imperial Academy of Arts (1874–78), winning the Academy scholarship for a five-year study tour of Italy, France and Switzerland (1878–1883). In 1887 he was awarded title of Academic of Architecture for his study of Cappella Palatina (1887, revised edition 1911). The first buildings by <mask> were built in Rostov-on-Don; the block-sized Moskovskaya Hotel, Rostov City Hall, and the Gench-Ogluev House (1883) were at that time the largest structures in the city. These buildings followed the European eclectic tradition.Upper Trading Rows

In 1889 <mask> won an open competition to design the Moscow Upper Trading Rows (now GUM) on Red Square, his first large, and perhaps his most conspicuous project. It was "a turning point in Russian architectural history, not only because it represented the apogee of the search for a national style but also because it demanded advanced functional technology applied on a scale unprecedented in Russian civil architecture." <mask> provided overall planning and architectural design, Vladimir Shukhov – structural design. According to William Craft Brumfield, "that the enormous Upper

masks:
Alexander Nikanorovich Pomerantsev
Pomerantsev
Pomerantsev
Pomerantsev
Pomerantsev
Pomerantsev


title: Alexander Pomerantsev

texts:
 Trading Rows functioned, if imperfectly, is a tribute both to Shukhov's design and to the technical proficiency of Russian architecture toward the end of the century. The use of reinforced concrete for the interior walls and vaulting eliminated the need for thick masonry support walls and provided the space for circulation and light. For maintenance, there was a network of basement corridors, beneath which was a subbasement with heating boilers and an electrical generating station. Every element of professional architecture, from educational institutions to the open competition system, contributed to the project."Critics noted disjunction of functional concrete and steel structure and elaborate Russian Revival styling that consumed 40 million bricks. While upper floor galleries benefited from Shukhov's skylights, lower level suffered from inadequate ventilation, and, as a result, demand for shop space in the building did not meet the expectations. 1896 Exhibition

In 1895 <mask> was appointed chief architect of the 1896 All-Russian Exhibition in Nizhny Novgorod, an event heralded as the guiding light for the upcoming 20th century. Master plan and principal pavilions of the exhibition are credited personally to <mask>. Most pavilions relied on novel steel frame load-bearing structures designed by Shukhov; they "represented the most advanced use of metal-frame construction for their time and possibly the first use of a metal membrane roof" (Shukhov Rotunda). <mask>'s Pavilion of Arts was based on traditional structure, but stylistically predated Charles Girault's Petit Palais (1900) and is considered the forerunner of emerging Russian Art Nouveau. When the Pavilion was eventually torn down, its

masks: Pomerantsev Pomerantsev Pomerantsev