title: George Copeland

texts:
 as Rameau or Couperin suites. At the height of his career, Copeland often presented new works by contemporary composers, few of which stood the test of time. Some of the more esoteric composers featured in his programs: Nicolas Slonimsky, Victor de Sabata, Carl Engel, Gian Francesco Malipiero, Federico Longas, Ramon Zuera, etc. New works generally appeared for a season or two, before he dropped them from his repertoire. Copeland became less adventurous over time, programming with only a handful of less-familiar works, generally in the Spanish group.His Jordan Hall recital of December 1916, for example, included the Boston premières of several Debussy works, the Beethoven "Appassionata" Sonata, Op. 57, and a work by the Belgian composer Joseph Jongen. Critical reception
Critics respected <mask> as a gifted artist, though some criticized his formulaic programming and pointed out his willingness to ignore the composer's printed directions. They invariably noted the enthusiasm of the large audiences who attended his concerts in the first half of the century. Many pointed out his luminous tone – large and full-bodied – possibly his greatest asset as a pianist. When they first met, his teacher Teresa Carreño demanded to know the source of his sound:
"Wonderful tone, wonderful tone – how do you get it?" I hesitated."Well, I don't know exactly how I get it, but I know what I want to hear." "That's utter nonsense!" she exclaimed. "it doesn't make any difference what you want to hear. I want to know how you put your finger on a given key and


title: George Copeland

type: original

texts: heard to remark: "Thought the McCormack concert was Thursday night." And worthy to be ranked with the two previous musical events of the week, the brilliant opening concerts of the Civic Music League and the Teacher's Course, was the playing of <mask>, pianist extraordinare. The auditorium seating 1200 persons was crowded to capacity before the hour for opening and latecomers willingly stood leaning against the wall during more than an hour's program by this wizard of the keyboard. Copeland's playing was new to Toledo and it took the audience, in which was represented practically every musician and music fan in the city, by storm. Invited to a complimentary concert by the J.W.Greene Co., although the fame of the artist had been heralded, few were prepared for the masterful interpretations of Copeland. He seems in a class by himself in his mastery over the instrument. Totally unlike physically the traditional pianist of the long locks and temperamental make-up and producing a first impression of a prosperous business or professional man of the day, the moment the player struck the opening chords, with which he elects to begin each of his numbers by way of preliminary, the cognoscenti knew that an artist had come among them. And not only musicians but everybody in the audience passed immediately under his spell. A piano recital, the most deadly form of entertainment in the hands of mediocrity, had become for the time a thing of life and joy and personal satisfaction to every listener. It will be long before Toledo will hear a more


title: George Copeland

texts:
 perfect rendition of Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata than that with which <mask> opened his program. There followed a Gavotte and Musette by Gluck, two sprightly French dances and then Chopin.It was the Chopin Waltz, Op. 70 no. 3 which was the first number to be repeated by the Ampico, a roll made from <mask>'s playing being substituted for the fingers of the pianist. As an interpreter of the impressionistic Debussy, <mask> betrayed his real greatness. Such limpid, liquid tones, in the Reflections in the Water; such sprightliness in Danse de Puck (Dance of Puck)! At the conclusion of the Debussy group, one number of which was repeated by the Ampico, after responding with bows four times to the insistent applause, the artist, taking the compliment for the composer rather than to himself, played as the single encore of the evening, Debussy's A Night in Granada. The three Spanish compositions with which the program closed showed the versatility of the pianist and were delightful."R.R.G" in the Boston Herald (January 4, 1929):
In Spanish music, to go on, Mr. Copeland strikes a new note which other performers, both high and low, should heed. With the lethargic movement too many of them affect, he shows no patience. Slowly, indeed, his Spaniards may move, and sometimes languorously. But move they do, every minute they hold the stage, and sometimes passionately, All thanks to Mr. Copeland! More thanks to him, too, for showing the world how to plan a long-rising climax. Elizabeth Y. Gilbert in Musical America (January 16, 1929):
It was not

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title: George Copeland

texts:
 until the Spanish group that well-known Boston critics, who consider it bad form to stay beyond a given point in the program, put back their hats and coats, compelled to stay by the phenomenon of <mask>. Two Danses Espagnole, of de Falla and Granados, two pieces by Infante, made Mr. Copeland's large audience all but stamp their feet in rhythmic accompaniment.To a deaf onlooker, it would seem that Mr. <mask> was banging at his piano unmercifully, and so he was, but with such powerful and vibrating tones, with such subtly hesitated syncopation, as in de Falla's Danse, that not only did the audience applaud wildly, not only did the above-mentioned critics remain, but Mr. <mask> was forced to give five or six encores, and even then could not satisfy the clamor for more. Mr. <mask> is wise to specialize in rarities; in these he is unique. "C." in Musical America (March 10, 1938):
Mr. <mask> can always be relied upon to fashion a program with many features of piquant interest and he did not fail his large public with the list he offered on his return to the local concert stage after an absence of several seasons....The pianist's playing of the Griffes and Debussy group did not maintain so consistently high a level, but with his unforgettable projection of 'Et la lune descend sur le temple qui fut' he reached the climax of his evening's achievements. In its subtle and suggestive evocation of an enthralling mood this was truly creative playing of an order rarely experienced. He also brought imaginative atmosphere and much beauty and variety

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title: George Copeland

texts:
 of tonal color to 'L'apres-midi d'un faune', but his interpretation of the added 'Clair de lune' was disappointing in its lack of poetic mood. Too rapid a tempo was adopted for a full realization of the grace and beauty of Griffes' 'The White Peacock.'.... The audience's enthusiasm was aroused to a high pitch at many points.Olin Downes in the New York Times (November 1, 1938):
<mask>, a pianist of unique accomplishments, who is completely unique in his style, and lonely in certain interpretive qualities, had a remarkable success when he appeared in recital last night at Carnegie Hall. A large audience, attentive and appreciative from the beginning, became so enthusiastic as the program proceeded that at last it was cheering the pianist, who played encores for half an hour before the lights were lowered in the hall....He has a tone of the most exceptional roundness and beauty. He has an instinct for color and nuance which cannot be taught or communicated. He understands the music that he plays much more by intuition than by reasoning it out – and perhaps this is the only way in which music can be thoroughly understood. J.D.B. in the New York Herald-Tribune (December 12, 1942):
There was an informal charm about Mr. <mask>'s performances of the Geminiani and Haydn Sonatas and the Chopin Waltz and Etude. He played as though he were playing for a group of intimate friends, and not for a Town Hall audience.His unceremonious approach served him less well with the Schumann "Etudes Symphoniques," which will not stand for anything less than

masks:
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Copeland


title: George Copeland

texts:
 the most professional treatment. Here his technical shortcomings were too prominent to permit even a passably accurate account of the music. As heretofore, Mr. <mask>'s most impressive interpretations were those of the modern works on his list. In all of these he was in his element, investing them with fascinating tonal tints and hues and the essential touch of fantasy. Arthur Berger in the New York Herald-Tribune (February 19, 1950):
Mr. <mask>'s Debussy is as natural as if it were being improvised on the spot, and Debussy, for all its clarity of form should have some of the character of improvisation. It should also seem often to come from far away, transmitted as if through a gauze, with the caressing touch Mr. <mask> has completely mastered. We do not hear "Les terrasse des audiences" or "Feuilles Mortes" presented these days with such exquisite balancing of sonorities.I do not share the conviction of his many ardent devotees, well represented yesterday, that he is the only one that plays Debussy well, or that everything he does with it is perfection itself. Without being letter perfect he can, of course, convey the shape of a piece astonishingly. For my part, however, I was troubled by some details I could not hear yesterday, and by the blurring in some, but not all, of the rapid passages. "Feux d'artifice" has many quiet measures, but through technical difficulties, I suspect, he made it stormy almost throughout, and approached the gently rippling passages like tone clusters. I am not sure the relaxed quality is appropriate at


title: George Copeland

texts:
 all times, for it gives some passages a certain limpness. J.B. in the New York Times (February 22, 1956):
It is always interesting to hear a performer who, like Mr. <mask>, was a friend of Debussy and other Parisian composers in the early days of this century. Mr. <mask> belongs to the school of Debussy-players who use the pedal generously, and play with such rhythmic freedom that two successive measures are not often in the same tempi.Although the word "brilliant" does not come to mind when one hears Mr. <mask>'s playing, it has a casual, informal quality that is very charming. Recordings

From 1933 to 1940, <mask> recorded a large portion of his repertoire for RCA Victor. The most-represented composer was Debussy, including excerpts from the Preludes, Images, Estampes, Children's Corner and Suite Bergamasque, as well as many Spanish piano works including those of Albéniz, Granados, and de Falla, and more obscure composers like Gustavo Pittaluga, Joaquin Turina, Raoul Laparra, Federico Longas. These performances are explosive, displaying <mask>'s command of rhythm and his unique ability to ascend to the climax of any work in a blaze of pianistic color. <mask>'s RCA Victor recordings are available on a two-CD Pearl set, "<mask>land – Victor Solo Recordings" (PRL 0001). In 1937, <mask> recorded a number of songs with well-known Spanish soprano Lucrezia Bori, including works of de Falla, Nin, and Obradors. In the early 1950s, he recorded two discs for MGM Records (all-Debussy and all-Spanish), and in the early 1960s he made private

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title: George Copeland

texts:
 recordings engineered by Peter Bartok and distributed by his agent, Constance Wardle.Repertoire
Isaac Albéniz: El Albaicin, El Polo, Malaga, Triana (Iberia); Malaguena ("Rumores de la Caleta"); Seguidillas; Tango in D; Zortzico

J. S. Bach: Chromatic Fantasie; English Suite no. 5; Italian Concerto

Ludwig v. Beethoven: Sonata in c#, op. 27/1 ("Moonlight"); Sonata in f, op. 57 ("Appassionata")

Joaquin Cassado: Hispania, for piano and orchestra (U.S. Premiere, Detroit, 1919)

Emmanuel Chabrier: Bourrée fantasque; España (arr. Copeland); Habañera

Frederic Chopin: Ballades no. 1 & 3; Etudes (selections); Mazurkas (selections); Waltzes (selections)

Claude Debussy: Berceuse héroïque (U.S. premiere, 1915); La Boîte à joujoux (U.S., possible world premiere, March 23, 1914); En blanc et noir; Estampes; Etudes X & XI (world premiere, 1916); Images I & II; L'isle joyeuse; Pour le piano; Preludes Livre I & II (excerpts)

Manuel de Falla: Transcriptions from El Amor Brujo, La vida breve; Nights in the Gardens of Spain

Gabriel Grovlez: Evocacion; Recuerdos; Reverie

Franz Liszt: Paganini Etudes II, III, V; Un Sospiro; Spanish Rhapsody; Venezia a Napoli

Maurice Ravel: Alborada del gracioso (Miroirs); Rigaudon (La Tombeau de Couperin); Sonatine

Robert Schumann: Faschingschwank aus Wien, op.26; Symphonic Etudes, op. 13

Turina: A los Toros, Los bebedores de manzanilla; Fandango; Romantic Sonata; Sacro-Monte

References

External links

<mask>: The Victor Solo Recordings (Amazon.com)
<mask>: The Private Recordings, 1957–1963

masks:
George Copeland
George Copeland


title: Wade Phillips

texts:
<mask> (born June 21, 1947) is an American football coach. He has served as head coach of the Denver Broncos, Buffalo Bills, and Dallas Cowboys. He has also served as interim head coach for the New Orleans Saints, Atlanta Falcons, and the Houston Texans. His career winning percentage as a head coach is .546. Additionally, <mask> has long been considered to be among the best defensive coordinators in the NFL. In his long career, he has served as defensive coordinator in eight separate stints with seven different franchises (twice with the Denver Broncos). Multiple players under <mask>' system have won Defensive Player of the Year: Reggie White, Bryce Paup, Bruce Smith, J. J. Watt and Aaron Donald.Others under <mask> have won Defensive Rookie of the Year: Mike Croel and Shawne Merriman. Early career
<mask> attended Port Neches–Groves High School in Port Neches, Texas, and went to the University of Houston, where he was a three-year starter at linebacker from 1966 to 1968. He held the school record for career assisted tackles (228) until 2011 when the record was broken by Marcus McGraw. <mask> began his coaching career as a graduate assistant to Bill Yeoman at the University of Houston in 1969. From 1970 to 1972 he served as defensive coordinator at the former Lutcher Stark High School (now West Orange-Stark High School) in Orange, Texas. He then coached the linebackers at Oklahoma State University from 1973 to 1974, under his father, Bum <mask>, who was OSU defensive coordinator at that time. In 1975, <mask> coached the defensive line at the University of Kansas under head coach Bud Moore.NFL coaching
<mask> began his professional coaching career with

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title: Wade Phillips

texts:
 the Houston Oilers, head-coached by his father. He served as the linebackers coach in 1976, and the defensive line coach from 1977 to 1980. <mask> remained on his father's staff as the pair headed for New Orleans. Bum stepped down as head coach of a struggling Saints team in late 1985, and <mask> stepped in as interim head coach. The Saints routed the eventual NFC West champion Los Angeles Rams 29-3 in his first game at the helm, but finished with losses to the Cardinals, 49ers and Falcons. <mask> was interviewed for the job permanently in January 1986 by new Saints president and general manager Jim Finks, but the position went to Jim Mora, the highly successful coach of the United States Football League's Philadelphia/Baltimore Stars. <mask> spent the next three years as the defensive coordinator of the Philadelphia Eagles under Buddy Ryan.During <mask>' tenure in Philadelphia, defensive end Reggie White recorded 21 sacks in just 12 games in 1987, and the Eagles won the NFC East championship in 1988. <mask>' last game with the Eagles was the infamous Fog Bowl vs. the Chicago Bears in the NFC divisional playoffs. Denver Broncos
<mask> then spent four seasons as the defensive coordinator for the Denver Broncos. The Broncos reached Super Bowl XXIV, where they lost to the San Francisco 49ers, 55–10. <mask> replaced Dan Reeves as head coach for the Broncos in 1993, but was fired after a mediocre 1994 season in which management felt he lost control of the team. Buffalo Bills
<mask> spent two seasons as the Buffalo Bills defensive coordinator under Hall of Fame coach Marv Levy. After Levy's retirement in 1998, the Bills hired <mask> as head coach.<mask>

masks: Wade Wade Phillips Wade Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips


title: Wade Phillips

texts:
 enjoyed a successful coaching stop at Buffalo. He always kept the team competitive and in the playoff hunt. A loss to the Titans in the 1999 playoffs haunted <mask> for the rest of his time at Buffalo. Prior to the game, <mask> made the controversial decision to start Rob Johnson at quarterback, after Doug Flutie was the starter the whole year and led the team to the playoffs. Following an 8-8 record in 2000, owner Ralph Wilson fired <mask> after <mask> refused to fire special teams coach Ronnie Jones. Dallas Cowboys
Before the 2007 season, <mask> was named the head coach of the Dallas Cowboys, replacing the retired Bill Parcells. This was the most successful coaching stop for <mask>.He was chosen after Jerry Jones interviewed 10 potential replacements, including former Cowboys and former San Francisco 49ers offensive coordinator Norv Turner, former Chicago Bears defensive coordinator Ron Rivera and former Cowboys quarterback Jason Garrett. In the 2007 NFL playoffs, he led the Cowboys to another playoff loss, making his playoff record 0–5. The Cowboys failed to make the playoffs in 2008, as the season ended with a 44–6 loss to the Philadelphia Eagles, preventing a wild card playoff berth. Prior to the 2009 season, <mask> also took over as defensive coordinator, replacing the fired Brian Stewart. <mask> called defensive plays for the final 10 games of the 2008 season after Stewart was stripped of the responsibilities. In the 2009–10 playoffs, <mask>'s Cowboys defeated the Eagles in the wild card round, ending the club's 12-year playoff win drought (6 games total, <mask> was only coach for one of those losses) and earning <mask> his first playoff win.

masks: Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips


title: Wade Phillips

texts:
 Following the 2009 season, <mask> signed a contract extension through the 2011 season.However, he was fired by the Cowboys on November 8, 2010, following the second-worst start in franchise history (one win in their first eight games) punctuated by a 45–7 loss to the Green Bay Packers. Garrett was named interim coach, then permanent successor, and held the position through 2019. Houston Texans
Prior to the 2011 season, <mask> was hired as the defensive coordinator of the Houston Texans, replacing Frank Bush, who was released by Texans owner Bob McNair. The Texans defense made major improvements on defense in <mask>'s first year calling Houston's defense. Houston allowed the fourth-fewest points in the league in 2011 (compared to fourth-most in 2010), the second-fewest yards allowed (third-most in 2010) and third-fewest yards per play (4.8, compared to 6.0, second-worst in 2010). On November 3, 2013, Texans Head Coach Gary Kubiak collapsed at the end of the first half of the Texans-Colts game; he was then hospitalized at a local hospital. In Kubiak's absence, <mask> was given the head coaching duties as the acting head coach for the remainder of the game.On November 6, 2013, the Texans and Kubiak decided to temporarily hand <mask> the head coaching duties, and named him the interim head coach until Kubiak was medically cleared to return. Exactly one month later, Kubiak was fired after his team had lost 11 games in a row. Once again, <mask> served as interim head coach for the Texans until the end of the season, when former Penn State head coach and New England Patriots offensive coordinator Bill O'Brien was hired as the new head coach. When <mask> was

masks: Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips Phillips


title: Wade Phillips

texts:
 dismissed by Houston, this ended a continuous run where he had coached football at the high school, college, and NFL levels. Denver (second stint)
On January 28, 2015, <mask> reunited with Gary Kubiak, joining the latter's staff as the defensive coordinator on the Denver Broncos. It would be <mask>' second stint at that position with the team. <mask> replaced his predecessor's complex wait-and-react scheme with a simple style of going after the ball, making Denver the top-ranked defense that season, which carried the team to a 12–4 record and the number one seed in the AFC despite their offensive struggles.In Super Bowl 50, played on February 7, 2016, in Santa Clara, California, the game was seen by some as a contest between <mask> and Carolina Panthers offensive coordinator Mike Shula, as both of them were sons of well-known NFL coaches, and as Carolina had the top-ranked offense in the 2015 regular season. Denver's defense shut down Carolina and Cam Newton in a 24–10 victory, giving <mask> the first Super Bowl victory of his career. Following the retirement of Kubiak as head coach after the 2016 season, <mask> was replaced by Joe Woods as the defensive coordinator for the Broncos. Los Angeles Rams
After a successful stint with the Denver Broncos, <mask> left to become defensive coordinator of the Los Angeles Rams, alongside new head coach Sean McVay. In Super Bowl LIII, Phillip's defense was credited with keeping the New England Patriots and Tom Brady out of the end zone until the fourth quarter, as the Rams only trailed by a field goal for the first three quarters despite the Patriots' offense having the majority of possession. The Patriots'


title: Wade Phillips

texts:
 offense had to resort to running the ball often, which eventually tired out the Rams defensive line. However, the Rams' top-ranked offense that game was stifled and they lost to the Patriots, 13–3.On January 6, 2020 the Rams announced they would not be renewing his contract. This followed their 2019 season in which the Rams went 9–7 and failed to make the playoffs. Head coaching record
Counting head coaching jobs as well as interim stints, <mask> has served as head coach for more teams in NFL history (six) than any other person. * Interim head coach

Personal life
<mask> is the son of former NFL coach Bum <mask> and Helen Wilson <mask>. He adored his father, both personally and professionally, stating, "I was blessed to have him as a father and coach. I got to coach with him for 11 years. He taught me everything I know about coaching.He taught me right and wrong. He taught me to enjoy life." His Twitter account is @sonofbum. <mask> and wife Laurie met in 1964 at Port Neches–Groves High School, where he was the quarterback of the football team and she was the head cheerleader; they have a daughter, Tracy, an actress, dancer, and choreographer living in Southern California who played the title role in My Chemical Romance's video "Helena" in 2005, and a son, <mask>, who served alongside his father in Dallas and in 2019 on the Rams staff. References

External links
 Los Angeles Rams profile

1947 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Atlanta Falcons head coaches
Buffalo Bills coaches
Buffalo Bills head coaches
Dallas Cowboys head coaches
Denver Broncos coaches
Denver Broncos head coaches
Houston Cougars football

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Wes Phillips


title: Marco Betta

texts:
<mask> (born 25 July 1964) is an Italian composer. Biography
<mask>, author of opera, film score, orchestral and chamber music,  has studied composition at the Conservatorio di Palermo with Eliodoro Sollima. Afterwards, he improved his studies with Armando Gentilucci and Salvatore Sciarrino. He made his debut in 1982 at the Festival Spaziomusica of Cagliari, thenceforth his compositions are regularly performed in the main Italian and European institutions. His musical language merges old Sicilian cultures with the main techniques of the contemporary music, in particular the minimalism and the neotonality genres. Between 1994 and 2002, he was artistic director of the Teatro Massimo, working on the project for the reopening of the theatre, that happened after 23 years on 12 May 1997, with a concert of the theatre choir conducted by Franco Mannino and the Berliner Philharmoniker Orchestra conducted by Claudio Abbado. <mask> teaches composition at the Conservatory of Palermo.Works

Opera
 Bellini ultime luci, 1993. Publisher: Sonzogno. Sabaoth e Sammael, 1994. Publisher: Sonzogno. Averroè, 1999, three scenes from Averroè, Le mille e una notte, Il Cantare del Cid. Text written by Daniele Martino. Publisher: Sonzogno
 Il  Fantasma nella cabina, 2002, opera.Text written by Andrea Camilleri and libretto by Rocco Mortelliti. Duration: 110'. Publisher: Sonzogno. Il mistero del finto cantante, 2002–2003, opera. Libretto written by Rocco Mortelliti from Le Inchieste Del Commissario Collura by Andrea Camilleri. Duration: 55'. Publisher: Ricordi.Che fine ha fatto la piccola Irene?, 2002–2003, opera. Libretto written

masks:
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Marco Betta
Marco Betta


title: Marco Betta

texts:
 Oliveri. Publisher: Ricordi. Chamber music
 Ballata for violin and piano (1991). Publisher: Ricordi. Cadentia Sidera fantasia for piano and strings (1990). Publisher: Ricordi. In ombra d'amore ballata for viola (1988).Publisher: Ricordi. Maiores umbrae for five instruments (1989). Publisher: Ricordi. Soledad for eleven string instruments (1992). Publisher: Ricordi. Ultimo canto for viola (2001). Publisher: Ricordi.Ombre sul mare per piano, clarinet, viola, violoncello and contrabass (2003). Incidental music
 Paolo Borsellino essendo stato, 2004, stage music for the text and the stage written by Ruggero Cappuccio. Directed by Ruggero Cappuccio, Production: Teatro Segreto. Publisher: Ricordi. La notte delle lucciole, 2008, stage music, directed by Roberto Andò and <mask>ani, from texts written by Leonardo Sciascia and Pier Paolo Pasolini. Production: Nuovo Teatro. Il tredicesimo punto, 2011, written by Sergio Claudio Perroni, directed by Roberto Andò.Production: Teatro Stabile di Catania. Leonilde, 2011. Production: Teatro Stabile di Catania. La Mennulara, 2011. Production: Teatro Stabile di Catania. Film score
 Il Manoscritto del Principe, (2000), soundtrack, directed by Roberto Andò. Production: Sciarlò Film di Giuseppe e Franco Tornatore.Distribution: Warner Bros. Publisher: Ricordi. Viaggio segreto, (2006), soundtrack, directed by Roberto Andò. Production: Medusa Film and Manigolda Film. Publisher: Emi Music – Ricordi. Soundtrack (contributes) of the documentary film Oltre Selinunte (2006). Maria Montessori, una vita per i bambini" (2007), soundtrack, directed by Gianluca Maria Tavarelli.Production:


title: Marco Betta

texts:
 Tao Due Film. Publisher: Rti Music – Ricordi. Aldo Moro il Presidente (2008), soundtrack, directed by Gianluca Maria Tavarelli. Production: Tao Due Film. Publisher: Rti Music – Ricordi. Con gli occhi di un altro (2010), soundtrack, directed by Antonio Raffaele Addamo. Production: Tersite.Publisher: Unda Maris Edizioni. Le cose che restano, (2010), soundtrack, directed by Gianluca Maria Tavarelli. Production:  Angelo Barbagallo for BiBi Film TV. Discography

CD
 Il Manoscritto del Principe, 2000, score from the film directed by Roberto Andò. Orchestra AMIT, Marco Betta Orchestra conductor. Publisher: Ricordi. Il Viaggio di Ferruccio,  2006, Ensemble Ottava Nota, Anita Vitale voice, Orchestra Roma Sinfonietta, <mask>ta Orchestra Conductor.Publisher: Ricordi. Maria Montessori – una vita per i bambini, 2009, score from the fiction directed by Gianluca Maria Tavarelli. Publisher: Ricordi. Aldo Moro,2009, score from the fiction directed by Gianluca Maria Tavarelli. Publisher: Ricordi. Con gli occhi di un altro, 2010, score from the film directed by Antonio Raffaele Addamo. Publisher: Unda Maris Edizioni.DVD
 La Corona di pietra, starring Plácido Domingo, La Corona di pietra Sony Music, conducted by Ivo


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts:
<mask> (born February 8, 1939), also known by his nickname Joma, is a Filipino writer and activist who founded the Communist Party of the Philippines and added elements of Maoism to its philosophy — which would be known as national democracy. He applied the theory of Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to the history and current circumstances of the Philippines. Since August 2002, he has been classified as a "person supporting terrorism" by the United States. The European Union's second highest court ruled in September 2009 to delist him as a "person supporting terrorism" and reversed a decision by member governments to freeze his assets. <mask> has been a recognized political refugee in the Netherlands since 1988 and is in the protection of the Refugee Convention and Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. Early years

<mask> was born on February 8, 1939, in Cabugao to a prominent landowning family with ancestry from Spanish-Mexican-Malay mestizos and from Fujian, China and with connections to other prominent clans such as the Crisólogos, Geraldinos, Vergaras, Azcuetas, Sollers, Serranos and Singsons. His great-grandfather Don Leandro Serrano was the biggest landlord in northern Luzon at the end of the 19th century.His grandfather Don Gorgonio Soller <mask> was the last gobernadorcillo of Cabugao under Spanish colonial rule, the municipal president under the Philippine revolutionary government and first mayor under the US colonial rule. His great-uncle Don Marcelino Crisólogo was the first governor of Ilocos Sur. His uncle Teófilo <mask> was a governor of Pangasinan and the first Defense Secretary in the Commonwealth government. He was convicted in 1946 of having collaborated with the Japanese occupation forces but was covered by amnesty in 1947.

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title: Jose Maria Sison

texts: During his childhood in Ilocos, he learned about the Huk rebellion in Central Luzon from Ilocano farm workers and from his mother who belonged to a landlord family in Mexico, Pampanga. In his early high school years in Manila, he talked to his barber about the Hukbalahap activity. Unlike his elder siblings, he attended a public school before entering Ateneo de Manila University and later studying at Colegio de San Juan de Letran.<mask> graduated from the University of the Philippines in 1959 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in English literature with honors and then studied Indonesian in Indonesia before returning to the Philippines and becoming a university professor of literature and eventually Rizal Studies and Political Science. He joined the Lavaite Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas in December 1962 and became a member of its executive committee in early 1963. He was the Vice Chairman of the Lapiang Manggagawa (which eventually became the Socialist Party) and the general secretary of the Movement for the Advancement of Nationalism. In 1964, he co-founded the Kabataang Makabayan, or Patriotic Youth, with Nilo S. Tayag. This organization organized youth against the Vietnam War, Ferdinand Marcos, imperialism, bureaucrat capitalism and feudalism. The organization also spearheaded the study of Maoism as part of 'the struggle'. On December 26, 1968, he formed and led the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), an organization founded on Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought, stemming from his experience as a youth leader and labor and land reform activist.This is known as the First Great Rectification Movement where <mask> and other radical youth criticized the existing party leadership for its errors and failures since 1942.

masks: Sison Sison


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts: The old Communist Party had been run under a series of Moscow-leaning general secretaries from the Lava family. The reestablished CPP set its general political line as two-stage revolution comprising national-democratic as the first stage then proceeding to the socialist revolution. During this period, <mask> went by the nom de guerre of Amado Guerrero, meaning "beloved warrior", under which he published the book manifesto Philippine Society and Revolution. After this, the old Communist Party sought to eliminate and marginalize <mask>. However, the reorganized CPP had a larger base and renewed political line that attracted thousands to join its ranks. On March 29, 1969, the CPP, along with an HMB (Huk) faction led by Bernabe Buscayno, organized the New People's Army (NPA), the guerrilla-military wing of the party, whose guerrilla fronts, numbering more than 110,  are nationwide and cover substantial portions of 75 of the 81 Philippine provinces.The NPA seeks to wage a peasant-worker revolutionary war in the countryside against landlords and foreign companies by operating in rural communities and mountains as strategy for protection. <mask> was arrested in November 1977 during the Marcos presidency and was imprisoned for almost 9 years. He was released from military detention on March 5, 1986, soon after the overthrow of Marcos. His experience is described in Prison & Beyond, a book of poetry released in 1986, which won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Philippines. Two biographies have been written about him: one by the German writer Dr. Rainer Werning: The Philippine Revolution: From the Leader's View Point (1989), and one by the Filipina novelist Ninotchka Rosca, At Home in the World (2004). Two major biopics of <mask> as founder of Kabataang

masks: Sison Sison Sison Sison


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts:
 Makabayan (titled Tibak) and the Communist Party of the Philippines (titled The Guerrilla Is a Poet) have been produced by major film makers in the Philippines. The CPP has stated for over 20 years that <mask> is no longer involved in operational decisions and serves from Europe in an advisory role as chief political consultant of the National Democratic Front in peace negotiations with the Manila government.In 1986, after he was freed from prison, <mask> embarked on a world tour. In October, he accepted the Southeast Asia WRITE Award for a book of his poems from the Crown Prince of Thailand in October 1986 in Bangkok. While visiting the Netherlands in September 1988, he was informed that his passport had been revoked and that charges had been filed against him under the Anti-Subversion Law of the Philippines. Those charges were later dropped, as were subsequent charges filed by authorities in the Philippines. Personal life
<mask> met his wife, Julie de Lima, when both were students at UP Diliman. Attending the same study groups, they grew closer and married first in a civil wedding in September 1959 and then in a Catholic church wedding in January 1960. The couple has four children.His wife Julie de Lima belongs to the prominent De Lima family of Iriga City, Camarines Sur and is the aunt of Senator Leila de Lima, the former Secretary of the Philippine Department of Justice under the administration of President Benigno S. Aquino III, and currently detained for illegal drug charges. <mask> returned to teach at the University of the Philippines soon after his release from prison in 1986. He then went on a global lecture tour, starting in September 1986. He applied for political asylum in the Netherlands in 1988 after his Philippine passport was


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts:
 cancelled by the Philippine government. He had been earlier released from prison by the government of Corazon Aquino for the sake of "national reconciliation" and for his role in opposing Marcos. The release of <mask> was vehemently protested by the military. It is reported that upon his release, <mask> and his followers actively sought to discredit the Aquino government in the European media by speaking out on Aquino's human rights violations, including the Mendiola massacre, in which members of the military were accused of firing on unarmed peasants in Manila, killing 17 people.He is the chairperson of the International League of Peoples' Struggle, and the current Chief Political Consultant of the National Democratic Front of the Philippines. Since 1987, <mask> had based himself in the Netherlands for his European lecture tour. Since 1992, he has stayed in the Netherlands as a recognized political refugee. In 2017, President Rodrigo Duterte, claimed that <mask> has colon cancer. <mask>, while admitting he has been hospitalized at the Utrecht University Medical Center in March of that year connection to his rheumatoid arthritis and sweet syndrome symptoms, said that he has no serious illness including cancer. In early 2022, reports emerged that <mask> had died; <mask> himself refuted his supposed death. Arrest
The International Crime Investigation Team of the Dutch National Criminal Investigation Department arrested <mask> <mask> in Utrecht on August 28, 2007.<mask> was arrested for his alleged involvement from the Netherlands in three assassinations that took place in the Philippines: the murder of Romulo Kintanar in 2003, and the murders of Arturo Tabara and Stephen Ong in 2006. On the day of his arrest, <mask>'s apartment and eight apartments of

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texts: his co-workers were searched by the Dutch National Criminal Investigation Department. Some 100 left-wing activists held a demonstration for the release of <mask>, marching towards the Dutch embassy in Manila on August 30, 2007. The demonstration was swiftly ended by police. There were no plans to hold the trial in the Philippines since there was no extradition request and the crimes <mask> was accused of were committed in the Netherlands. Dutch lawyer Victor Koppe said that <mask> would enter a plea of not guilty during his indictment. He could have received the maximum penalty of life imprisonment.On September 1, 2007, National Democratic Front peace panel chair Luis Jalandoni confirmed that the Dutch government was "maltreating" Sison because the court detained him in solitary confinement for several weeks without access to media, newspapers, television, radio or visitors; it also denied him the right to bring prescription medicines to his cell. The place where Sison was held was the same one used by the late former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic who was held for war crimes and corruption. Meanwhile, protests were held in Indonesia, Hong Kong, Australia, the United States and Canada. The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) feared that Sison may be "extra-judicially" transferred to the United States. CPP spokesman Gregorio Rosal said that the U.S. may detain and subject Sison to extraordinary rendition in Guantanamo Bay or some secret facility. U.S. ambassador Kristie Ann Kenney formally announced that the U.S. will extend support to the Dutch government to prosecute Sison. In New York City, former United States Attorney General and left-wing human rights lawyer Ramsey Clark called for <mask>'s release and pledged assistance by joining


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts: the latter's legal defense team headed by Jan Fermon.Clark doubted Dutch authorities' validity and competency, since the murder charges originated in the Philippines and had already been dismissed by the country's Supreme Court. Committee DEFEND, an International group stated that the Dutch government tortured <mask> at the National Penitentiary in Scheveningen (used by the Nazis in World War II to torture Dutch resistance fighters). His wife, Julie De Lima failed to see him to give medicines and warm clothes on August 30, 2007. Meanwhile, <mask>'s counsel, Romeo Capulong, questioned the Dutch government's jurisdiction over the issue and person alleging that the Supreme Court of the Philippines already dismissed the subject cases on July 2. On September 7, 2007, the Dutch court heard defense arguments for <mask>, and stated that it would issue the resolution next week on whether to extend the detention. Supporters outside The Hague District Court chanted slogans while the wife, Julie De Lima stated that they complained to the International Committee of the Red Cross. Luis Jalandoni, chairman of the National Democratic Front, accused the government of Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende of being "a workhorse" for Philippines President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and for the U.S. government.The National Lawyers Guild (NLG), a progressive bar association in New York then headed by Marjorie Cohn, denounced the arrest of <mask>, saying "it exposes the hand of the Arroyo administration in yet another assault on the rights of the people to dissent and organize". <mask> will remain in jail until Thursday, but was provided TV, radio and medication. On September 12, 2007, lawyers Edre Olalia and Rachel Pastores stated that <mask>'s lawyers will appeal the reported

masks: Sison Sison Sison Sison Sison Sison


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts:
 Dutch court's newly promulgated ruling extending <mask>'s detention for 90 days. The Dutch court did not extend the detention for 90 days but released him on September 13, 2007, after being in solitary confinement for 17 days. Release from detention
Dutch public prosecutor's office's Wim de Bruin stated that <mask> was released from jail at 10:45 a.m. on September 13, 2007. The court ruled that there was insufficient evidence to detain him on murder charges, specifically, if <mask> "had a conscious and close cooperation with those in the Philippines who carried out the deed". On September 27, 2007, <mask> appeared before The Hague Court of Appeal panel of 3 judges on the public prosecutor's appeal against the district court's September 13 judgment of release.On September 28, 2007, the Dutch Ambassador to the Philippines, Robert Brinks, announced that 3 Dutch judicial officials and Dutch prosecution lawyer Wim De Bruin will visit the Philippines "later this year" to review the evidence against <mask> <mask>. The next day Leung Kwok Hung, a Hong Kong politician and member of the April Fifth Action vowed to support <mask>. Leung was in Europe at the Inter-Parliamentary Union assembly in Geneva, Switzerland. He sits in the Hong Kong legislature as a member of the Finance and House Committees, and of the Legislative Panels on Constitutional Affairs, Housing, Manpower, Transport, and on Welfare Services. On October 3, 2007, the Dutch court dismissed the prosecution's appeal against the release <mask>, confirming his freedom while the Dutch police continue to investigate: "the prosecution file lacks enough concrete clues that <mask> can be directly linked to the assassinations which is needed to prosecute him as a perpetrator". However, the decision does not

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 bar prosecution for murder. But the Dutch Public Prosecutor's Office (per spokesman Wim de Bruin) stated that it did not drop the charges against <mask> yet, who remains a suspect.De Bruin said: "No, you have to separate the criminal investigation by the police from the investigation by the examining judge in The Hague. So the judge decided to finish the investigation but the police investigation will be continued and that means that Mr. <mask> is still a suspect." The Dutch court, on May 20, 2008, heard <mask>'s appeal against the Dutch Public Prosecutors Office's request to extend its investigation until December, since the investigators arrived in the Philippines in February and interviewed witnesses. At the trial, however, the new evidence showed that there were indeed attempts to kill him, in 1999 and 2000, while Kintanar's wife, Joy, directly accused Edwin Garcia in the murder of her husband. The Dutch court scheduled the promulgation on the verdict on June 10, 2008. The Dutch District Court of The Hague on June 5, 2008, decided in camera "that the Public Prosecution Service may continue the prosecution of <mask> <mask> for involvement in, among other matters, a number of murders committed in the Philippines in 2003 and 2004; that while the prosecution's case file still held insufficient evidence, the investigation was ongoing and should be given time to unfold". In February 2010, the Dutch Public Prosecution Service finally terminated its investigation of <mask> and dropped the criminal charges against him.Controversies
Former Senator Jovito Salonga accused <mask> of orchestrating the 1971 Plaza Miranda bombing during the Liberal Party convention to force Marcos to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and sign Proclamation No. 1081, initiating the

masks:
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texts: advent of Martial Law in the Philippines. This accusation comes from former CPP members such as Victor Corpuz and others. The Philippine National Police (PNP) filed a criminal case against <mask> for the Plaza Miranda bombing, but the charges were dismissed for lack of evidence, with the dismissal order citing the complainant's filing criminal charges based on speculation. On July 4, 2008, Manila's RTC Executive Judge Reynaldo Ros assumed jurisdiction over the 1,551-page cases of multiple murder lawsuits against <mask>, Bayan Muna Representative Satur Ocampo, and National Democratic Front member Luis Jalandoni after the Supreme Court's Third Division ordered a change of venue from the Hilongos, Leyte RTC Branch 18 for safety reasons. The accused were charged of executing 30 farmers in 1985, in purging military assets within the New People's Army in Southern Leyte. 15 corpses were found in a mass grave in Inopacan, Leyte, in 2006.During the time when these alleged killings supposedly took place, Sison and Ocampo had long been under maximum detention of the Marcos regime. <mask>, Ocampo, and other political detainees were only freed in 1986 after the first EDSA uprising of the same year. The European Union's second highest court ruled to delist Sison and the Stichting Al-Aqsa group from the EU terror list since the 27-nation bloc failed to respect their rights when blacklisted. The Luxembourg-based Court of Justice further reversed a decision by member governments to freeze the assets of Sison and the Netherlands-based Al-Aqsa Foundation, since the EU governments failed to inform them why the assets were frozen. Dekker said that EU lawyers in Brussels can lodge any appeal. The EU was also ordered to shoulder all the litigation expenses during the

masks: Sison Sison Sison


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts:
 five-year appeal of Sison against the Dutch government and the EU. The final judgment of the European Court of Justice to remove Sison from the EU terrorist blacklist on September 30, 2009, became final and binding on December 10, 2009, inasmuch as the EU did not make appeal.The court's decisions and other documents pertaining to cases involving <mask> in the Philippines are compiled under the section of Legal Cases in www.josemariasison.org and can be further verified in the archives of the pertinent courts. Works

Selected writings 1968–1991

 2013. 1968-1972 Foundation for Resuming the Philippine Revolution. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2013. 1969-1974 Defeating Revisionism, Reformism & Opportunism. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2013. 1972-1977 Building Strength through Struggle.International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2013. 1977-1986 Detention and Defiance against Dictatorship. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2015. 1986-1991 Continuing the Struggle for National & Social Liberation. International Network for Philippine Studies and Aklat ng Bayan, Inc. Selected writings 1991–2009

 2009. 1991-1994 For Justice, Socialism and Peace.Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2009. 1995-2001 For Democracy and Socialism Against Imperialist Globalization. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2009. 2001-2006 Crisis of Imperialism and People's Resistance. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.
 2009. 2006-2009 People's Struggle Against Imperialist Plunder and Terror. Aklat ng Bayan, Inc.Peoples' struggles against oppression and exploitation: selected writings 2009–2015

 2015. 2009-2010 Crisis Generates Resistance. International Network for Philippine


title: Jose Maria Sison

texts:
 City, Progressive Publications

Ancestry

References

Bibliography

External links
 Josemariasison.org
 The Arrest of Joma <mask> (dossier of the Philippine Daily Inquirer)

Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Filipino writers
Ilocano-language writers
1939 births
Anti-revisionists
Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni
Filipino communists
Filipino exiles
Filipino expatriates in the Netherlands
Living people
Communist poets
People from Ilocos Sur
Filipino revolutionaries
S.E.A. Write Award winners
Ilocano people
Filipino people of Kapampangan descent
University of the Philippines alumni
Communist Party of the Philippines politicians
Maoist theorists
Anti-imperialism
Anti-Americanism
Anti-fascists
20th-century criminals
21st-century criminals
People convicted on terrorism charges
Individuals designated as terrorists by the United States government
Filipino political party founders
20th-century Filipino


title: Susanne Bobzien

texts:
<mask>  (born 1960) is a German-born philosopher whose research interests focus on philosophy of logic and language, determinism and freedom, and ancient philosophy. She currently is senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford and professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford. Early life
Bobzien was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1960. She graduated in 1985 with an M.A. at Bonn University, and in 1993 with a doctorate in philosophy (D.Phil.) at Oxford University, where from 1987–1989 she was affiliated with Somerville College. Academic career
Bobzien currently holds the position of senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford and is professor of philosophy at Oxford University.She was appointed to a senior professorship in philosophy at Yale in 2001 and held this position from 2002 to 2010. From 1993 to 2002 she had a tenured position at Oxford University. From 1990 to 2002, she was fellow and praelector in philosophy at The Queen's College. Before that she was tutorial fellow in philosophy at Balliol College. Among her awards are a British Academy Research Readership (2000–2002), and a fellowship of the National Endowment for the Humanities (2008–09). In 2014 she was elected a Fellow of the British Academy, the United Kingdom's national academy for the humanities and social sciences. Bobzien has published several books and numerous articles in leading academic journals and collections.Philosophical work

Determinism and freedom
<mask>'s major work Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy

masks:
Susanne Bobzien
Bobzien


title: Susanne Bobzien

texts:
  is "the first full-scale modern study of the [Stoic] theory [of determinism]". "It explores ... the views of the Stoics on causality, fate, the modalities, divination, rational agency, the non-futility of action, moral responsibility, [and the] formation of character". In this book and in her articles "The Inadvertent Conception and Late Birth of the Free-Will Problem" and "Did Epicurus discover the Free-Will Problem?" Bobzien argues that the problem of determinism and free-will, as conceived in contemporary philosophy, was not considered by Aristotle, Epicurus or the Stoics, as was previously thought, but only in the 2nd century CE, as the result of a conflation of Stoic and Aristotelian theory. <mask>'s "Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant" (The Categories of Freedom in Kant) has been described as an article "that has long been the starting point for any German reader seeking to deepen his understanding of the second chapter of the Analytic of Kant's Critique of Practical Reason." It differentiates the main functions of Kant's Categories of Freedom: as conditions of the possibility for actions (i) to be free, (ii) to be comprehensible as free and (iii) to be morally evaluated. History of logic
Bobzien's Die stoische Modallogik is the first monograph on Stoic modal logic.In her paper "Stoic Syllogistic" Bobzien sets out the evidence for Stoic syllogistic. She argues that this should not be assimilated into standard propositional calculus, but treated as a distinct system which bears important similarities


title: Susanne Bobzien

texts:
 bistability, context sensitivity, and assessment sensitivity. On this basis she proposes the modal logic S4.1 as governing the truth operator and offers a revenge-free solution to the liar paradox that relates to Herzberger's revision theory of truth. <mask> has proposed a logic of higher-order vagueness (the quantified modal logic S4.1 supplemented with Max Cresswell's Finality Axiom) that delivers a generic solution to the Sorites paradox and avoids higher-order vagueness paradoxes and sharp boundaries. The proposed logic is weaker than classical logic and stronger than intuitionistic logic. It is a modal companion to the superintuitionistic logic QH+KF. Selected publications
Determinism and freedom
Determinism and Freedom in Stoic Philosophy (Oxford 1998).Determinism, Freedom, and Moral Responsibility: Essays in Ancient Philosophy (Oxford 2021). "The Inadvertent Conception and Late Birth of the Free-Will Problem" (Phronesis 43, 1998)
"Did Epicurus Discover the Free-Will Problem?" (Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 19, 2000)
"Die Kategorien der Freiheit bei Kant" (in Kant: Analysen-Probleme-Kritik vol. 1, Würzburg, 1988)

History of logic
Die stoische Modallogik (Würzburg 1986). Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle Prior Analytics 1.1-7, with J. Barnes, K. Flannery, K. Ierodiakonou (London 1991). "Stoic Syllogistic" (Oxford Studies in Ancient Philosophy 14, 1996). "The Development of Modus Ponens in Antiquity" (Phronesis 47, 2002)
"Stoic Sequent Logic and Proof Theory" (History and Philosophy of Logic


title: Karren Brady

texts:
<mask>, Baroness <mask>,  (born 4 April 1969) is a British business executive and television personality. She is best known as former managing director of Birmingham City F.C. and current vice-chairman of West Ham United F.C., and as an aide to Alan Sugar on The Apprentice, but also sits in the House of Lords and has been Small Business Ambassador to the UK Government. Her appointment with Birmingham City began in March 1993, when she was 23. In 2002 she became the first woman to hold such a post in the top flight of English football when the team was promoted. She oversaw the company's flotation in 1997, thus becoming the youngest managing director of a UK plc. She left in 2009.In January 2010 she was appointed vice-chairman of West Ham United following Sullivan and Gold's purchasing of the club. <mask> is a regular writer for the Woman & Home magazine and The Sun. She has also published four books including two novels, and her latest title, Strong Woman, published in March 2012 and aimed at inspiring women in business, is a Sunday Times Bestseller. On 22 September 2014, <mask> was elevated to the House of Lords as a Conservative life peer, taking the title Baroness <mask>. On 17 July 2017, she was appointed by Sir Philip Green to chairman of Taveta, owners of the Arcadia Group. Early life
<mask> was brought up in Edmonton, London, and the family house was near the Tottenham Hotspur football ground. Her Irish father, <mask>, had made his fortune in printing and property development.Her mother, Rita, is Italian, and she has an older brother, Darren. She attended Salcombe Preparatory School in Southgate until she was 11, followed by Poles Convent, a boarding school in Ware, Hertfordshire, and Aldenham

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 School, Elstree, a boys' school which accepted girls in the sixth form, where she gained four A-levels. Career

Early career and Birmingham City
<mask>'s career began as a trainee at the advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi having been rejected for a place on a journalism course at Harlow College. Despite the course rejection, <mask> said in a 2018 interview that she made a conscious decision not to go to university, as she was keen to get out in the world and make her mark. A year later, on joining the London Broadcasting Company  (LBC) as an advertising account executive, she targeted the advertising business of one of her father's largest clients, publisher David Sullivan, owner of the Daily Sport and the Sunday Sport. Sullivan spent more than £2,000,000 on advertising in six months and was so impressed with <mask> that he gave her a job. Sullivan offered her a job with Sport Newspapers, and she became one of his directors at the age of 20.While in Sullivan's employ, <mask> spotted an advert in the Financial Times for the sale of Birmingham City F.C. when the club was in receivership and persuaded Sullivan to buy it and let her run it. When Sullivan commented that she would have to be twice as good as a man to do that, <mask> replied quickly: "Well that's not difficult." Sullivan later commented that he agreed to the deal because such a young, female director would attract publicity to the club, and also because <mask> was a “sacker”. <mask> was 23 when she started work as managing director of Birmingham City F.C. in March 1993. She encountered sexism in the role.The first time she got on the team bus, a player said "I can see your tits from here". <mask> replied “When I sell you to Crewe, you

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title: Karren Brady

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 won't be able to see them from there will you?" She sold the player shortly afterwards. In 2008, Sullivan and <mask> were arrested by City of London Police, interviewed and released on bail as part of the investigation into the 2006 allegations of corruption in English football, which also involved similar actions against players and officials from other clubs; club chairman David Gold was interviewed as a witness. The club stated that no charges had been brought and that <mask> denied any wrongdoing. The investigation involved tax and national insurance offences relating to two players. Gold said that it was "utterly wrong that this highly professional businesswoman has been made a victim in a witch-hunt against football".In August 2009 it was confirmed that no further action would be taken. She left Birmingham City two months later after Sullivan and Gold sold the club to Carson Yeung for £81.5 million. The same month she was appointed as a non-executive director to the England 2018 World Cup bid advisory board. West Ham United

In January 2010, she was appointed Vice-Chairman of West Ham United by new Joint-Chairmen David Sullivan and David Gold. Writing in her newspaper column <mask> said "To West Ham fans I'll make a single pledge – while we are on the board, we will hang in the Tower of London before your club again goes through the financial turmoil which so nearly brought it down". <mask> said she liked the idea of changing the club's name to West Ham Olympic. David Gold subsequently said that the club would always be West Ham United under his chairmanship but "What you might do is call the stadium West Ham Olympic stadium.I can make a case for that." <mask> was responsible for negotiating a

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texts: move on behalf of West Ham United from their Boleyn Ground to the Olympic Stadium in Stratford, east London. Initially the intention was for West Ham to take ownership of the stadium, this bid collapsing in October 2011 following a legal delay caused by a rival bid by Tottenham Hotspur. Investigators working on behalf of Tottenham were subsequently charged with fraud for obtaining illegally the private telephone records of <mask>. In December 2012, West Ham were announced as the highest ranked bidder to become the anchor concessionaire and tenant of the Olympic Stadium. Of the move <mask> said "We are ambitious for our great club and aim to set the benchmark for visiting away and neutral supporters from across the globe to come and enjoy the iconic Stadium and be part of our Premier League club experience". West Ham United were named as anchor concessionaires for the Olympic Stadium on 23 March 2013.In July 2013, <mask> gave evidence before a House of Lords committee, where she said the club has debts of £70m that would need to be paid before the proposed move to the Olympic Stadium in 2016. <mask> oversaw the club's move from the Boleyn Ground to the Olympic Stadium in the summer of 2016. Subsequently renamed as London Stadium, the move saw West Ham United increase their capacity from 35,000 to 57,000 seats – which were completely sold out before the start of the 2016–17 campaign, giving the Club the third biggest home attendance in the Premier League. Following the move to the Olympic Stadium, some supporters who wanted to stay at Upton Park targeted verbal abuse towards <mask> and other board members during crowd disturbances during West Ham's home 2–4 defeat to Watford on 10 September 2016. In


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 October 2016, <mask> received further criticism after describing West Ham's move to the London Stadium as "a chance to rebrand the club". <mask> later clarified her comments, made at the Leaders Sport Business Summit, and went on to describe West Ham's move to the new stadium as "part of our ambitious strategy to take our Club to the very top of the world’s most-popular sport." Other business involvement

<mask> has also been the chairman of Bauer's Kerrang!, and had  a seat on the board of Sport England.She was a non-executive director of  Channel 4 television but resigned to take a position at Syco, the company jointly owned by Simon Cowell and Sony. In September 2010 she joined the board of Taveta Investments Ltd. with Sir Philip Green, resigning from a non-executive position with Mothercare where she had been for seven years. She is an Ambassador for Barclays Life skills, which aims to offer young people workplace experience. She is also the Patron of the Life After Stroke Awards and an Ambassador for Well Being for Women. Championing women in business
<mask> has long been renowned for championing the cause of women in business. She has repeatedly called upon her fellow female professionals to help those trying to make their way in the business world. She explained in this Guardian column: “Any board executive can forget just how many people helped them get where they are.Those women who have got to the top need actively to ensure there is a pipeline of younger women, whether by networking or mentoring, who in turn is encouraging those below them. Women in the boardroom must not forget how many challenges and difficulties we have overcome, and we should share our coping strategies. “It is

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 critical to create opportunities to identify talented women in business, then support them to develop their confidence to aim for the boardroom. We need to look outside the corporate mainstream, at female entrepreneurs and self-employed businesswomen, who can inject different insights and diversity to any board.”
Similarly, <mask> famously told the Independent: "If you don't have a woman on your board you should write to your shareholders and explain why. Tell us how many women you've interviewed and what skills they've been lacking, because that will give us some basis to teach the new generation of women in business." <mask> was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2014 New Year Honours for services to entrepreneurship and women in business. The Apprentice

In March 2007, <mask> appeared as a celebrity contestant on Comic Relief Does The Apprentice and was team leader for the girls' team, raising more than £750,000 for Comic Relief.In June 2008, <mask> was a guest interviewer in series four of The Apprentice – interviewing the final five. After the show, it was revealed that <mask> had fulfilled a promise she made to Lord Alan Sugar on screen, and offered a job to Claire Young, who finished as runner-up in the series, after being impressed by her interview. In 2009 she interviewed candidates again in The Apprentice Season 5, as seen on BBC 1. On 30 August 2009, she was revealed as Sugar's new assistant in the sixth series of The Apprentice, replacing Margaret Mountford, who had left the series (and who returned in series 6, 7, 8 and 9 as a guest interviewer, the same role that <mask> had fulfilled in her first appearance in the main UK apprentice series). Political

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 career
<mask> hinted that she would be interested in a career in politics in the future during an interview with The Daily Telegraph in March 2013. In an interview with The Daily Telegraph, Margot James, MP, said: "I think she'd be a great asset. I have a great respect for her success in business.".The feature also suggested that <mask> should be made a peer to bring more women into politics and to resolve the UK's financial problems. ‘But Baroness <mask> would be able to make an invaluable contribution to both business and politics. David Cameron should give her a peerage without delay – and she should accept it.’ On 30 September 2013, <mask> addressed the Conservative Party Conference in Manchester on the subjects of small businesses and supporting George Osborne's policies as Chancellor of the Exchequer, and she was also appointed the government's Small Business Ambassador. On 8 August 2014, it was reported that <mask> would become a Conservative life peer in the House of Lords. On 22 September 2014 she was created Baroness <mask>, of Knightsbridge in the City of Westminster. On 26 October 2015, <mask> was involved in a controversial House of Lords vote over proposed cuts to tax credits, voting with the Government in favour of the plan. In February 2019, the Daily Telegraph reported that she was facing questioning about her role in non-disclosure agreements (NDAs) relating to allegations of misbehaviour on the part of the businessman Philip Green.Personal life
In 1995, <mask> married Canadian footballer Paul Peschisolido, who played for Birmingham City for two seasons, 1992–93 and 1993–94. In 1996, she had her first child, a girl named Sophia. She had around six weeks off work after the birth of


title: Karren Brady

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 her second child, a boy named Paolo. <mask> lives in the Knightsbridge area of London with her husband. They also had a property in the village of Knowle in the West Midlands and her husband owned a house in Canada. In 2006, <mask> underwent a full-body MRI scan as part of a medical screen, which unexpectedly discovered a potentially fatal cerebral aneurysm. Doctors told <mask> at the time that she had a 30 per cent chance of dying from the condition, and that it was a miracle that she had survived the births of her two children.In February 2006, she underwent urgent neurosurgery to prevent the aneurysm from rupturing. She made a full recovery, and was back at work about one month later. Despite claims that <mask> is a supporter of Arsenal, she states on her official website that her footballing loyalties have only ever been with the two clubs she has represented. Awards
 In 2006 <mask> was Cosmopolitan magazine's Woman of the Year, and named in the category of 'Woman Who Has Changed The World'. In 2006 when she attended The Queen's lunch for Women Achievers and Business Leaders. <mask> was named as the Revitalise Businesswoman of the Year 2007. In December 2008 she won the NatWest Spirit of Everywoman Award for services to women in business.In November 2010 she was listed in the business category of The Sunday Telegraph's ‘100 Most Powerful Women in Britain’ and was included in the Evening Standard's list of ‘London's 1000 Most Influential People 2010’. She was awarded an honorary doctorate in business from the University of Birmingham in December 2010. In 2011 she was awarded Britain's Most Inspirational Women by the Breakthrough for Breast Cancer Inspiration Awards. In 2012 she was awarded the CEO


title: Karren Brady

texts:
 of the Year Award at the Football Business Awards. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4. <mask> received a CBE in the 2014 New Year Honours list for her services to entrepreneurship and women in business. <mask> was named in the Debrett's top 500 most influential and inspiration people in Britain in January 2014.<mask> was named 10th in The Guardian's 50 most influential women in British sport, on International Women's Day, 8 March 2014. <mask> was elevated to the Lords as Baroness <mask> in August 2014. References

External links

1969 births
Living people
People from Edmonton, London
English businesspeople
Women association football executives
Birmingham City F.C. directors and chairmen
English autobiographers
English journalists
English columnists
English television personalities
English television presenters
The Apprentice (British TV series)
English people of Irish descent
English people of Italian descent
People educated at Aldenham School
West Ham United F.C. directors and chairmen
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Life peers created by Elizabeth II
Female life peers
Conservative Party (UK) life peers
Association footballers' wives and girlfriends
Women autobiographers
Women


title: D. P. K. Pillay

texts:
Colonel (Dr.) <mask> (DPK) <mask>, SC (born 12 August 1967) is a former Indian Army officer. He was severely wounded in counter insurgency operations in Longdi Pabram village, a hamlet in the remote Tamenglong district of Manipur in India's northeast, where he saved the lives of 2 children - a boy named <mask>ei and a girl named <mask>, despite his injuries. He shot into prominence recently when he undertook the journey back to the village where he was wounded in the firefight and subsequently for delivering development and humanitarian activities to the village in the remote district of Tamenglong. In 2015, he was awarded a PhD Degree by Panjab University, Chandigarh for his thesis titled "Evaluation of Models of Human Security with Special reference to India".y

Early life and education

<mask> was born on 12 August 1967 in Kannur, Kerala, India, to Major and Mrs A.V<mask>. He was educated at Bangalore Military School in Bangalore, Karnataka. He went on to join the 72nd course of National Defence Academy in 1984, which he graduated in 1988 with a bachelor's degree in Arts.<mask> also holds a master's degree from Sikkim Manipal University. <mask> was awarded a Ph.D. by Panjab University, Chandigarh for his doctoral thesis on "Evaluation of Models of Human Security with Special Reference to India". His thesis examines the concept of human security as propounded by various agencies like the UN, multilateral agencies and NGO's as well as countries such as Japan, Canada, and other countries . Human security prioritizes non-military methods as a means of achieving security without compromising the priorities accorded to traditional security threats. It requires the fulfillment of people’s basic needs and rights. The thesis examines the scope for adoption of a Human Security approach within a normative and policy framework in India. He infers, that a human security approach can be usefully applied as a policy

masks:
Divakaran Padma Kumar
Pillay
Dingamang Pam
Masebiliu Pamei
Pillay
. Divakaran Pillay
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title: D. P. K. Pillay

texts:
 measure in India to reinforce successes in the social and economic spheres, so that the possibility of dissatisfaction turning into violent opposition and internal conflict is minimized.His article titled "Applying Human Security in Indian Context" has been published by Routledge in its publication Strategic Analysis Issue no 40 Volume 1. <mask> was also a research fellow at Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA), New Delhi and at the Centre for Policy Research, New Delhi. He is also an alumnus of Geneva Centre for Security Policy where he has attended the NISC course in 2007. He also hold a graduate degree from Fordham University, New York City, having completed the module of the International Diploma in Humanitarian Assistance course serial no 42. He is also on the roster of United Nations Civil Military Coordinators having qualified on the UN CM Coordination course in 2014. Military career
After graduating from the National Defence Academy in 1988, <mask>y was commissioned into the 4th battalion of the Brigade of the Guards (4 Guards). He saw active service in the Indian states of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir before moving to the 8th battalion of the Brigade of the Guards (8 Guards) deployed in India's northeast, where he was involved in an encounter in which he nearly lost his life with multiple gunshots directed on his chest and arm and a grenade blast that exploded on his right foot and blew up a portion of the leg.In a fateful patrol <mask>y led in 1994, he was tasked to protect a few tribal villages during a phase of disturbance that involved ethnic clashes between Nagas and Kukis in Manipur's Tamenglong district. He managed to track down insurgents from the National Socialist Council of Nagaland (NSCN) hiding in Tamenglong and successfully ambushed them in Longdi Pabram village. However, after the surrender of the militants, <mask>y, who was near fatally wounded, realised that there were

masks: Pillay Pilla Pilla Pilla


title: D. P. K. Pillay

texts:
 two young children who were injured in the cross fire. When the helicopter arrived to evacuate him, he refused to be moved and insisted that the young children be taken to safety first. This noble act won over not only the villagers but also the insurgents in the area. Though the villagers presumed that <mask>y had died in the encounter, a patrol team sent to the village in March 2010 connected the villagers to <mask>y who was immediately invited and felicitated in a major way by the village. The soldier's humanitarian service has also earned him a moniker of "<mask>y <mask>ei" among the local population."<mask>ei" is a surname and clan of the influential Zeliangrong community residing in the village. <mask>y has thereafter returned several times to the village and has organised several activities for development of the region, earning him the sobriquet of "Hero of Manipur" and "Savior of Longdi Pabram". Philosophy
When asked why he chose his course of action over his own evacuation as he himself was dying, <mask>y said that the "First thing that came to my mind as a trained soldier was the safety of the children and all others. I was trained to sacrifice my own life and comfort for my people and my country who always come first. I always knew I was not amongst enemies but my own brothers and sisters. I could not choose the suffering and sorrow of the people I was sent to protect to that of mine. I could not allow the children to suffer.I had two options - one was to perpetuate the violence and the other to end it with me and say that all that is evil ends with me. I have always been inspired by Mahatma Gandhi who said "Be the change you want to see in the world". I am glad I chose the latter - the harder right instead of the easier wrong!" <mask>'s philosophy of countering insurgency is simple: "Peace is not just an absence of violence but a consistent delivery of opportunities to survive and to improve and

masks: Pilla Pilla Pilla Pam Pam Pilla Pilla Pillay


title: D. P. K. Pillay

texts:
 develop not just as an individual, but also as a community and a region. Despite the lack of glamour, peace is a better choice - the right choice. We must choose peace over violence." Honours and awards
<mask>y was selected to serve in his alma mater, Bangalore Military School, after he was decorated with the Shaurya Chakra, India's third highest peacetime gallantry award.The then Chief of Army Staff who presided over the School Golden Jubilee celebrations, General Shankar Roychowdhury, handpicked him to serve in Bangalore Military School for motivation of the young cadets to join the Indian Armed Forces. With this, <mask>y earned the singular distinction of being the only "Georgian" to serve as the "Administrative Officer" (AO) at the prestigious institute. The school under his leadership went on to achieve exemplary results in all fields ranging from academics to sports to other extra-curricular activities. In 2006, he joined the Ministry of Defence as the Planning Officer (Defence) - the first service officer to do so. While on this assignment he represented the Ministry of Defence at the Conference on Disarmament at the UN office at Geneva, for the review conference on the use of Certain Conventional Weapons in 2007 and 2008. He was also part of the Indian delegation led by HE <mask> Mukherjee to the United Nations General Assembly in 2006. <mask>y was honoured by CNN IBN in the very inaugural edition of their program called India Positive.These awards delve into India’s hidden resource that cradles the wounded, makes peace among communities and improves lives of others with their selfless acts. Col. <mask> was one of the only three awardees to be felicitated with the Special Achievement Award for his acts of courage and optimism and bringing about a bigger change in the country. See also
Bangalore Military School
Longdi Pabram
Saurabh Singh Shekhawat

Citations

External links
 Lt. Col. <mask> <mask>a

masks: Pilla Pilla Pranab Pilla Pillay DPK Pillahaury


title: James Galanos

texts:
<mask> (September 20, 1924 – October 30, 2016) was an American fashion designer and couturier. Galanos is known for designing clothing for America's social elite, including Nancy Reagan, Marylin Monroe, Elizabeth Taylor, and others. Early life
<mask> was born on September 20, 1924, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the only son of Greek-born parents. His mother, Helen Gorgoliatos, and his father, <mask>, a frustrated artist, ran a restaurant in southern New Jersey, where Galanos had his first glimpses of well-dressed women. He grew up a shy boy and learned to work hard from an early age. <mask> recalled that he was "a loner, surrounded by three sisters. I never sewed; I just sketched.It was simply instinctive. As a young boy I had no fashion influences around me but all the while I was dreaming of Paris and New York." <mask> graduated from Bridgeton High School in Bridgeton, New Jersey in 1942. After graduating high school, he went to New York City intending to enroll at a school headed by Barbara Karinska, the great Russian stage designer and costumer. When the school failed to open in the autumn, he enrolled at the Traphagen School of Fashion, one of the first schools of its kind. He attended two semesters at Traphagen, the first spent in general design studies and the second in draping and construction. After eight months, in 1943, <mask> left the school because he felt that what he wanted to learn could only be acquired from practical experience in the garment industry.Career

1944 – mid-1950s
In 1944, <mask> got a position as a general assistant at the New York East 49th

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title: James Galanos

texts: Street emporium of Hattie Carnegie, the incubator of such talents as Jean Louis, Pauline Trigère, and Norman Norell. His job there turned out to be more clerical than creative, and, disappointed, <mask> left Carnegie and began selling his sketches to individual manufacturers on Seventh Avenue for less than ten dollars per sketch. Then, in 1945,  his former Traphagen style and fashion teacher Elisabeth Rorabach called his attention to a help-wanted ad she had seen in The New York Times, placed by textile magnate Lawrence Lesavoy. "His beautiful wife, Joan, was hoping to launch a ready-to-wear dress business in California, and they were looking for a designer,"  recalled <mask>. The Lesavoys employed him for $75.00 a week and dispatched him to Los Angeles. Their plan, however, did not materialize; the Lesavoys divorced, and <mask> lost his job. "Out of pity," <mask> said, Jean Louis, head costume designer at Columbia Pictures, hired him as a part-time assistant sketch artist.Soon afterward, Lawrence Lesavoy agreed to send the  24-year-old Galanos to Paris, just as couture houses there were rebounding from the war. Couturier Robert Piguet absorbed the American into his stable of assistants, among whom were Pierre Balmain, Hubert de Givenchy, and Marc Bohan. At the Piguet atelier, Galanos met with fabric and trimming suppliers to choose materials, sketched and draped up designs under the eye of Piguet, who oversaw his work on a daily basis. In 1948, <mask> decided to return to the U.S and accepted a job with Davidow, a dress-making firm in New York. The new job allowed him

masks: Galanos Galanos Galanos Galanos Galanos


title: James Galanos

texts: very little creativity, and he resigned shortly. In 1952, <mask> opened his own company, Galanos Originals, which was immediately ordered by Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus in Beverly Hills. He then opened his New York showroom where a Neiman Marcus clothing buyer discovered him and predicted his styles would soon "set the world on fire."Stanley Marcus, the president of Neiman Marcus, agreed and soon proclaimed that the greatest and most treasured luxury in the world for a woman to have would be a dress by <mask>. Legendary magazine editors and style arbiters such as Diana Vreeland, Eleanor Lambert, Gloria Vanderbilt, and Eugenia Sheppard became fans, ensuring that he would become a household name within months. From this first collection, his clothing has been admired for its particularly high quality, especially considering it was ready-to-wear, not custom-made. His chiffon dresses, in particular, made his reputation in the early 1950s, with their yards of meticulously hand-rolled edges. Many designers worked with chiffon, but <mask> was a true master of the genre. He draped chiffon, pleated it, layered it, used flower prints and fabrics with metallic glints. As tailored as a shirtwaist dress or as seductive as a sarong, he gave chiffon a high style all his own.Sometimes he even gilded it, as in his notable pin-striped dress with a three-dimensional jeweled butterfly embroidered on the chest. In 1953, <mask> embarked on another venture altogether – he began designing for movies. His first job was to create costumes for Rosalind Russell, the star of the forthcoming

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title: James Galanos

texts:
 film "Never Wave at a WAC." Russell, who at that time was considered the best-dressed of all American actresses, loved <mask>' designs, and she became his friend and a loyal client. <mask> went on to design costumes for other Russell's movies, most notably the film version of Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad in 1967. After her death, Miss Russell's wardrobe – nearly all of it Galanos – was divided among a number of costume collections across the country as gifts in her memory  from her husband, Frederick Brisson. Other Galanos' contributions to film and performing arts included costume designs for Judy Garland for General Electric Theater and Judy Garland Musical Special, both in 1956, as well as the 1974 film Ginger in the Morning, starring Sissy Spacek.Mid-1950s – 1998
 <mask> gathered some of the most talented craftsmen available in his workrooms; many were trained in Europe or in the costume studios of Hollywood, for whom he continued to design from time to time. Nondas Keramitsis, Galanos' head tailor, moved to Los Angeles from his native Greece to make women's clothing. He had heard about <mask> through relatives and soon started working with him in his Los Angeles studio. Keramitsis and a crew of about 22 tailors he oversaw made everything by hand. If <mask>' work was compared to that of anyone else, it was compared to French haute couture. His business was more comparable to a couture house than a ready-to-wear manufacturer; there was a great amount of hand work in each garment, and all of his famous beadwork and embroidery


title: James Galanos

texts: was done by his staff. <mask> always chose fabrics and trimmings personally during trips to Europe and Asia.Though he constantly looked for the best fabrics, <mask> often felt compelled to create his own. So he would make jackets out of different colored ribbons to toss over his chiffon dresses in impressionist colors. Or he would cross black satin ribbons over black lace for the bodices of delicately frothy short evening dresses. He often lined his dresses with silks that other designers used for dresses themselves, and he was always a firm believer in the importance of hidden details. These details made a difference in the feel of the clothes on the body and the hang of the fabric, and his clients all over the world were willing to pay a great deal for them. Details that were not hidden included sequins, feathers, metallic brocades, and laces. He often balanced his most glittering dresses with quiet tie-dyed velvet sheaths and long, clingy styles in black crepe or crushed velvet."Galanos: Perfection, and Lots of It," read the headline in The New York Times after Galanos' show of some 200 designs in 1988. "While he travels to Europe for his fabrics – many are the same as those used in the Paris couture collections – most of <mask>'s designing is done in California," reported the Times. "His standards are as high as those found anywhere in the world. If a comparison is made, it is usually with the Paris couture. It is reasonably astonishing that an American designer of ready-to-wear should merit that kind of homage over so long a period of time." Fashion designer Gustave

masks: Galanos Galanos Galanos


title: James Galanos

texts: Tassell, a long-time friend of Galanos, recalls an occasion when Hubert de Givenchy, the illustrious French couturier, was looking at an inside of a Galanos garment and exclaimed "... we don't make them this well in Paris!" It was precisely this couture quality and the timelessness of <mask>' designs that caused his clients to never part with their gowns and continue wearing them over many years.But it was also the price tag. "Nobody could afford to dress completely with Jimmy," Nancy Reagan once confessed. "I hang on to what I have." <mask> was also famous for his exquisite furs. He used mainly mink, sable, lynx, and broadtail and handled the furs imaginatively as if they were fabric. He smocked and quilted the surfaces, nipped the waistlines and used drawstrings, ruffles, and capelets to give a strong fashion slant to all that opulence. He often designed for Peter Dion, the furrier who made sure that the quality of the pelts and the workmanship supported the innovative design.At the top of the line were coats made of lynx bellies, so soft and fluffy they looked airborne. The short style was selling for $200,000, the long one – for $300,000. The fitted coat was a Galanos specialty, successful in almost any fur, including fox. As he did with his ready-to-wear, Galanos also made the hats and other accessories, which included short fur scarves with mink tails hanging from the ends. He showed his coats over stretch tights and bodysuits with satin surfaces. There were unexpected styles as well, like fur shorts, gathered down the sides. Many sleeves featured the smock quilting

masks: Galanos Galanos


title: James Galanos

texts: that became a Galanos signature.He also had a special feeling for broadtail, the tissue-thin fur with a sleek, elegant surface. But Galanos could also make soft mink coats look lean, willowy and graceful by the way he shaped the skins in the back or carved the hemline in a back-dipping curve. According to Bernardine Morris of the New York Times, Galanos' "best design is a slender coat with the skins worked vertically through the bodice and horizontally for the skirt, an example of elegant proportioning." Many of the world's most socially prominent women were Galanos customers. "<mask> designs for wealthy women who go to luncheons and cocktail parties, dine at the finest restaurants and are invited to the best parties," reported The New York Times. "His clothes are rarely seen in business offices. It isn't only because of the five-figure price tags, although they are daunting to all but the highest-paid executives.It's also the glamour quotient of the clothes." <mask> agreed, "I design for a very limited group of people," he told Time magazine in 1985. In the 1980s, he made national headlines as First Lady Nancy Reagan's favorite designer. Reagan first met <mask> in 1951 at a boutique in Beverly Hills. At the time, Regan was working as an actress in Hollywood. She wore dresses created by <mask> to Ronald Reagan's first inaugural ball as governor of California in 1967, and again in 1971 and 1981. The fact that Mrs. Reagan wore a 16-year-old Galanos gown to her first state dinner at the White House attested to the timelessness and durability not only of his workmanship, but

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title: James Galanos

texts:
 more importantly, of his design.This type of occurrence was commonplace among his faithful customers, who included Marilyn Monroe,  Elizabeth Taylor, Jackie Kennedy, Lady Bird Johnson, Grace Kelly, Diana Ross, Betsy Bloomingdale, Rosalind Russell, Marlene Dietrich, Dorothy Lamour, Judy Garland, Loretta Young, Ali MacGraw, Ivana Trump, Carolyne Roehm, Kim Basinger, Arianna Huffington and many other notable personalities and film and media stars. In 1982, John Duka, the New York Times columnist, described in his column, Notes on Fashion, a black tie party in <mask>' honor attended by his A-list fans, "<mask>, the designer whose clothing is unmatched in quality and price in this country, was in town, and almost immediately the level of social exchange seemed elevated as if by ripple effect. Betsy and Michael Kaiser – he is the photographer – gave a black tie buffet dinner for the designer Saturday. Among those at table were Lyn Revson, Gordon Parks, Barbara Walters, Arianna Stassinopoulos, former Senator Abraham A. Ribicoff and his wife, Casey, Freddie and Arlette Brisson, Mary McFadden, Tammy Grimes, Stephen Paley, John Loring, Gloria Vanderbilt, William Macomber, Sybilla Clark, Alex Gregory, Frank and Gloria Schiff and Bob Colacello. Mr. <mask> was the center of attention: Almost every woman in the room was wearing one of his designs." 1998 – 2016
In 1998, <mask> retired after a career spanning nearly five decades. Despite his retirement, <mask> continued to make his presence known in the fashion world.In 2002, he blasted the fashion industry for catering to only young

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title: James Galanos

texts: women with perfect bodies. In an interview with WWD over lunch at the Pierre Hotel in New York he asked the reporter, Eric Wilson, shaking his head in contempt,  "How many women can wear just a patch over their crotch and a bra? Aren't you embarrassed when you see a young girl walking down the street practically naked? Fashion is geared only to young people today," <mask> continued. "All we see is Levi's and bare bellies to the point of nausea. There are no clothes for elegant women. Let's face it, some of the things you see in the paper are absolutely monstrous looking – and I'm not squeamish.God knows I made sexy clothes in my day, but there's a point when you have to say, 'Enough, already'." Of contemporary designers, he admired the work of Ralph Rucci, who shares <mask>' views of the state of fashion at the beginning of the new millennium. "I think we're in a state of mediocrity," Rucci told design students at the San Francisco Academy of Art University. Beginning in the early 2000s, <mask> attended most of Rucci's shows in New York and Paris. "I thought what he was doing was really terrific,"  <mask> told Cathy Horyn of The New York Times in 2002, "he has the same kind of concept that I had – beautiful details that you don't see in ready-to-wear." "Ralph Rucci makes clothes like no one else, taking pains to make things that are beautifully finished," he told Harper's Bazaar in 2004. On his side, Rucci considers <mask> a major influence in his work and a continuing inspiration."If we were in Japan, we'd have an expression and call [Galanos] our national living


title: James Galanos

texts:
 treasure," Rucci told a group of distinguished guests that included Nancy Reagan, Betsy Bloomingdale and Peggy Moffitt, at an event honoring <mask> at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills. "While he officially retired in 1998," wrote Alix Browne in The New York Times, "he shows no signs of falling out of fashion." Galanos's vintage gowns remain chic, sought after and popular among the international jet-set, Hollywood stars and supermodels, and have been seen on such notable women as Celine Dion, Renée Zellweger, Nicole Kidman, Jessica Alba, Heidi Klum, Tatiana Sorokko, Amber Valletta, Christina Ricci, Ashley Olsen and Katie Holmes, among many others. Photography
Having reinvented himself as an abstract photographer, in 2006, at age 82, <mask>'s first exhibition of photography was held to great acclaim at the Serge Sorokko Gallery in San Francisco. The show featured more than 40 photographs taken by Galanos over the previous several years. The works were mostly abstract, with the notable exception of a few mystical, mirror-effect enigmatic landscapes. Much like fashion design, his photography revolved around material, shape and color.The subjects were crafted by <mask> out of paper or fabric and then photographed in evocative light, creating subtle variations of tone and shading. Awards and recognition
  <mask> was the youngest designer to win the Coty Fashion Award in 1954. He was also a winner in 1956 and he was inducted into the Coty Hall of Fame in 1959. His other honors included the Crystal Ball Award from The Fashion Group of Philadelphia, 1963; the Fashion

masks: Galanos Galanos Galanos Galanos


title: James Galanos

texts: Award from the Drexel Institute of Technology, 1965; the London Sunday Times International Award, 1968; the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce Golden 44 Award, 1980; a Diploma di Merita from the Universita delle Arte Terme, Italy, 1981. He was named to the International Best Dressed List Hall of Fame in 1982. <mask> also received the prestigious Council of Fashion Designers of America Lifetime Achievement Award in 1985. In the year 2000, the City of New York began honoring American fashion designers by placing bronze plaques along the pavement of Seventh Avenue.Dubbed the "Fashion Walk of Fame", <mask> was one of the first designers to be so honored. In 2007, he became the recipient of the Rodeo Drive Walk of Style Award, and one year later, in 2008, he received a Doctor of Philosophy degree honoris causa from the San Francisco Academy of Art University. <mask> was the subject of numerous museum solo exhibitions, and his designs are in the permanent collections of important museums worldwide, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York,  Victoria and Albert Museum in London, U.K, the  Los Angeles County Museum of Art, in Los Angeles, Musée Galliera in Paris, France, the Phoenix Art Museum in Phoenix, Arizona, the Philadelphia Museum of Art in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Smithsonian Museum in Washington DC, the Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology in New York, N.Y., the Brooklyn Museum in Brooklyn, N.Y. and the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco, California, to name a few. <mask>' career spanned more than half a century. "To <mask>, fashion

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title: James Galanos

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 is all about making women look beautiful," wrote Anne-Marie Schiro in The New York Times, "and he has devoted 44 years of his life to designing clothes to that end." He "was always a hero to all those who worshiped at the feet of fashion, not just those who wore the clothes", wrote Bernardine Morris in an introduction to the catalogue of <mask>' retrospective exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1996. "He was heralded as the equal of any of the mythic group of French designers who represented the apotheosis of fashion.The difference, then and now, is that <mask>' clothes were ready-to-wear; the French Haute Couture made custom clothes. In this, he is truly an American designer. For, in this country, it is ready-to-wear that dominates fashion, a lesson the French learned after he pointed the way. This may be <mask>' major contribution to the fashion world: he brought brilliance and quality to styles meant to be bought off the rack"

In September 2016, the Robert and Penny Fox Historic Costume Collection of the Westphal College of Media Arts and Design at Drexel University received a gift from the James G. Galanos Foundation of nearly 700 ensembles. In 2018, two years after his passing, the university honored <mask> by naming a new exhibition within their fashion department after him. Personal life
<mask> never married. He was the uncle of fine jewelry designer Diana Vincent, of Washington Crossing, Pennsylvania.He retired in 1998 and lived in Palm Springs, California and West Hollywood. <mask> died on October 30, 2016 at his home in West Hollywood,

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title: James Galanos

texts:
 York Fashion: The Evolution of American Style. New York: Abrams Books, 1989. Gold, Annalee.90 Years of Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 1990. Bradley, <mask>. Cleveland: Western Reserve Historical Society, 1996. Stegemeyer, Anne. Who's Who in Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publications, 2003.Loring, John. <mask>, <mask>. Lambert, Eleanore Tiffany in Fashion: A Study of American Fashion and Fashion Photography, 1933–2003. New York: Abrams, 2003. Sewell, Dennita. Extending the Runway: Tatiana Sorokko Style. Moscow: Russian Fashion Museum, 2010.Sources
 Morrow, Suzanne Stark, The World of <mask>nos. Architectural Digest, October 1981
 Talley, André Leon, A Certain Quality: Galanos. Vogue, April 1985
 Batterberry, Ariane and Michael, The Loner, Connoisseur. May 1985
 Milbank, Caroline Rennolds, <mask>: Disciplined Elegance in the Hollywood Hills. Architectural Digest, September 1988

References

External links

 <mask> at Artnet.com
 <mask> at Serge Sorokko Gallery

1924 births
2016 deaths
American fashion designers
American people of Greek descent
Bridgeton High School alumni
People from Bridgeton, New Jersey
Artists from Palm Springs, California
Artists from Philadelphia
Traphagen School of Fashion

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Barry Galanos
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