title: Patrick Mullins

texts:
 two shots before being replaced by Jozy Altidore. On August 10, <mask> scored his first goal for Toronto, helping the Reds to a 1–1 draw against Orlando City. He went on to appear in both legs of the 2019 Canadian Championship Final and appeared three times in the playoffs as Toronto made a run to MLS Cup 2019, although he was an unused substitute in the final. Mullins made 15 appearances and scored three goals in all competitions and had his contract option picked up by the club following the season.In his second season in Toronto, Mullins appeared off the bench in each of the club's first two games before the season was halted due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He played just one time at the MLS is Back Tournament, but scored against his former club, New York City FC, in the round of 16. Although he missed two weeks in September with a hamstring strain, Mullins added a goal and an assist through the rest of the season. He finished the year with two goals and one assist from 18 appearances in all competitions, helping Toronto qualify for the MLS Cup Playoffs and the 2020 Canadian Championship final. After a difficult 2021 season, where he failed to score a single goal in league play, Mullins had his contract option declined by Toronto. Personal life
Mullins' brother, Andrew, was the 2007 Louisiana Player of the Year at Jesuit and won two state titles with the Blue Jays; both were marks that <mask> matched two years later. The brothers, along with their father Walter, split their loyalties: <mask> is a Chelsea supporter, while Andrew supports Manchester United and Walter is a fan of Liverpool.<mask> graduated from Maryland with a double major in communications and American studies. While in school, he authored "Mullins' Musings", a blog focused on "soccer, team building and leadership". He is friends with Justin Portillo, a fellow New Orleans native

masks: Mullins Patrick Patrick Mullins


title: Frances Benjamin Johnston

type: original

texts:
<mask> (January 15, 1864 – May 16, 1952) was an early American photographer and photojournalist whose career lasted for almost half a century. She is most known for her portraits, images of southern architecture, and various photographic series featuring African Americans and Native Americans at the turn of the twentieth century. Early and family life
The only surviving child of wealthy and well-connected parents who became established in Washington, D.C., <mask> was born in Grafton, West Virginia. Her mother <mask> was from Rochester, New York, and could trace her ancestry to Revolutionary War patriot Isaac Clark. She married <mask>, of Maysville, Kentucky, whose father, Dr. <mask>, had been born in Virginia and practiced for decades across from Cincinnati, Ohio. Although his father owned an 11-year-old Black boy in the 1850 census, <mask> sympathized with the Union, and Grafton was a key depot on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad as well as Union pay and supply depot during the American Civil War. Her mother <mask> survived her husband by nearly two decades.She started in journalism as a special correspondent on Congress and was recognized as one of the first women to write on national affairs. She also worked as a drama critic under the byline "Ione" for the Baltimore Sun. Her parents moved to the national capital shortly after the Civil War, when she was an infant, possibly in part because they lost three infants during the war years. Her father began his more than three-decade long federal government career as an assistant bookkeeper in the Treasury Department. The younger <mask> <mask> was raised in Washington, D.C., and educated privately. She graduated in 1883 from Notre Dame of Maryland Collegiate Institute for Young Ladies (it developed later into

masks:
Frances Benjamin Johnston
Frances Benjamin Johnston
Frances Antoinette Benjamin
Anderson Doniphan Johnston
William Bryant Johnston
Anderson Johnston
Frances Antoinette Benjamin Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston


title: Frances Benjamin Johnston

texts:
 a college and as Notre Dame of Maryland University). Afterward she studied art at the Académie Julian in Paris and the Washington Art Students League.Career
<mask> began writing articles for periodicals before finding her creative outlet through photography. She was given her first camera by entrepreneur George Eastman, a close friend of the family, and inventor of the new, lighter, Eastman Kodak cameras and film process. She received training in photography and dark-room techniques from Thomas Smillie, director of photography at the Smithsonian. She took portraits of friends, family, and local figures before working as a freelance photographer and touring Europe in the 1890s. There she used her connection to Smillie to visit prominent photographers and gather items for the museum's collections. She gained further practical experience in her craft by working for the newly formed Eastman Kodak company in Washington, D.C., forwarding film for development and advising customers when cameras needed repairs. In 1894 she opened her own photographic studio in Washington, D.C., on V Street between 13th and 14th streets, and at the time was the only woman photographer in the city.She took portraits of many famous contemporaries, including suffragette Susan B. Anthony, writer Mark Twain and Booker T. Washington, principal of the Tuskegee Institute. Well connected among elite society, she was commissioned by magazines to do "celebrity" portraits, such as Alice Roosevelt's wedding portrait. She was dubbed the "Photographer to the American court." She photographed Admiral Dewey on the deck of the USS Olympia, the children of President Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt playing with their pet pony at the White House, and the gardens of Edith Wharton's famous villa near Paris.


title: Frances Benjamin Johnston

texts: Having grown up in a family that traveled in elite circles of the capital, <mask> built on her connections and familiarity with the Washington political scene: she was appointed as official White House photographer for the Harrison, Cleveland, McKinley, "TR" Roosevelt, and Taft presidential administrations. <mask> also photographed Natalie Barney in Paris, who was a famous American heiress and literary salon socialite. Perhaps her most famous work, shown here, is her self-portrait as the liberated "New Woman", with petticoats showing and a beer stein in hand.<mask> advocated for the role of women in the burgeoning art of photography. The Ladies' Home Journal published <mask>'s article in 1897 of "What a Woman Can Do With a Camera". With Zaida Ben-Yusuf, <mask> co-curated an exhibition of photographs by twenty-eight women photographers at the 1900 Exposition Universelle in Paris. It afterward traveled to Saint Petersburg and Moscow in the Russian Empire, and to Washington, DC. She traveled widely in her thirties, taking a wide range of documentary and artistic photographs of coal miners, iron workers, women working in New England's textile mills, and sailors being tattooed on board ship, as well as her society commissions. While in England she photographed the stage actress Mary Anderson, who was a friend of her mother. In 1899, <mask> was commissioned by Hollis Burke Frissell to photograph the buildings and students of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Hampton, Virginia in order to show its success.This commission added to her reputation.<ref>Laura Wexler, "Black and White and Color: American Photographs at the Turn of the Century," in Prospects: An Annual of the American Cultural Studies' 13 (1988): 343.</ref> This series, documenting the

masks: Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston


title: Frances Benjamin Johnston

texts:
 ordinary life of the school, is considered among her most telling work. It was displayed at The Exhibit of American Negroes of the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900. Her photographs of the Hampton Institute were utilized in Robert Wilson's production of August Strindberg's A Dream Play. She photographed events such as world's fairs and peace-treaty signings. <mask> took the last portrait of President William McKinley, at the Pan-American Exposition of 1901 just before he was assassinated there. With her partner, Mattie Edwards Hewitt, a successful freelance home and garden photographer in her own right, <mask> opened a studio in New York in 1913. Her mother and aunt moved into her new apartment.Hewitt wrote <mask> love letters over the course of their relationship, which are chronicled in The Woman Behind the Lens: The Life and Work of <mask> <mask>, 1864–1952. Many of the early letters focused on Hewitt's admiration for <mask>'s work, but as their romance progressed, they increasingly expressed her love:  "...when I need you or you need me — [we] must hold each other all the closer and with your hand in mine, holding it tight..."

<mask> lectured at New York University on business for women. The pair of women produced a series of studies of New York architecture through the 1920s. In early 1920 her mother died in New York. In the 1920s, <mask> became increasingly interested in photographing architecture. As New York changed under pressure of development, she wanted to document buildings and gardens that were falling into disrepair or were about to be redeveloped and lost. As her focus in architecture grew, she became interested in documenting the architecture of the American South.<mask> was interested in preserving the everyday history of the American

masks:
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Johnston
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston


title: Frances Benjamin Johnston

texts: South through her art; she accomplished this by photographing barns, inns, and other ordinary structures. She was not interested in photographing the grand homes and plantations of the South, but rather the quickly deteriorating structures in these communities that portrayed the daily life of common southerners. Her photographs remain an important resource for modern architects, historians and conservationists. In 1928 she exhibited a series of 247 photographs of Fredericksburg, Virginia, ranging from the decaying mansions of the rich to the shacks of the poor. The exhibition was entitled Pictorial Survey—Old Fredericksburg, Virginia—Old Falmouth and Nearby Places and described as "A Series of Photographic Studies of the Architecture of the Region Dating by Tradition from Colonial Times to Circa 1830", and as "An Historical Record and to Preserve Something of the Atmosphere of An Old Virginia Town." As a result of this exhibit, the University of Virginia hired her to document its buildings, and the state of North Carolina commissioned her to record its architectural history. Louisiana hired <mask> to document its huge inventory of rapidly deteriorating plantations.She was given a grant in 1933 by the Carnegie Corporation of New York to document Virginia's early architecture. This led to a series of grants and photographs in eight other southern states; copies of all of her photographs from these projects were given to the Library of Congress for public use. In December 1935, <mask> began a year long project to capture historic structures of the Colonial Era in Virginia. This was intended to be a one-year project, but it developed into an eight-year extensive project. She traveled 50,000 miles and surveyed 95 counties in Virginia. Final years, death and

masks: Johnston Johnston


title: Frances Benjamin Johnston

texts:
 legacy
<mask> was named an honorary member of the American Institute of Architects for her work in preserving old and endangered buildings. Her collections have been purchased by institutions such as the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and the Baltimore Museum of Art.Although her relentless traveling was curtailed by gasoline rationing in the Second World War, the tireless <mask> continued to photograph. She bought a house in the French Quarter of New Orleans in 1940, and retired there in 1945. She died in New Orleans in 1952 at the age of eighty-eight. Gallery

 References

 Further reading
 Daniel, Pete & Smock, Raymond (1974). A Talent for Detail: The Photographs of Miss <mask> <mask> 1889–1910. Harmony Books, New York. Frady, Kelsey T. "<mask> <mask>: Imaging the New Woman through Photography."M.A. thesis (University of Alabama, 2012). Berch, Bettina (2000). The Woman Behind the Lens: <mask> <mask>, 1864–1952. University of Virginia Press. Robinson, Edward (2006). <mask> <mask>: The Early Years, 1889–1904.Ph.D., University of Oxford, Pembroke College. External links

 The Hampton Album at MoMA
 A Gift From George Eastman, detailed biography with photographs
 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Online Catalog Includes a brief biography and links to many images
 Clio's Frances Benjamin Johnston Online Exhibit Detailed text and images paint a portrait of <mask>'s life. Maria Auscherman. "<mask> <mask>'s Legacy in Black and White." CRM: The Journal of Heritage Stewardship'' 4, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 29–49. Museum of Modern Art Online Catalog Detailed biography with link to her photographs in the collection
 Anne E. Peterson research material about <mask> <mask> at The Historic New Orleans Collection

American

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Johnston
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Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
Johnston
Frances Benjamin
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Frances Benjamin
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Frances Benjamin
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title: Edwin Conant

texts:
<mask> (August 20, 1810- March 2, 1891) was born in Sterling, Massachusetts. He was a businessman, lawyer and philanthropist who grew up in Sterling, Massachusetts and later Worcester, Massachusetts. His name is associated with gifts he gave to the Town of Sterling and Harvard University; the Conant Public Library in Sterling, Massachusetts as a memorial for his daughter Elizabeth and Harvard's Conant Hall. He was a member of the famous Harvard Class of '29. Early life
He was the son of <mask> and Relief Burpee <mask>, daughter of Moses Burpee and Elizabeth Kendall Burpee. Father, Jacob was a businessman, farmer and Justice of the Peace representing Sterling, Massachusetts. Jacob provided <mask> with all the advantages of his wealth and stature.<mask> lost his mother December 26, 1814 when he was four-years old. He lost his sister Elizabeth in 1816 when he was six. Conant attended public school in Sterling, Massachusetts until he was 12 and transferred to Leicester Academy in preparation for college. Harvard University
In 1826, at the age of 16 he entered Harvard and graduated among the top of his class in 1829. He was one of the "Class of 1829", made famous by Oliver Wendell Holmes. During Commencement exercises at Harvard in 1829 he participated in a conference on "Natural, Civil, Ecclesiastical, and Literary History, considered in relation to the Tendency of each to improve and elevate the Intellectual Faculty". Teaching in Sterling
Conant taught in Sterling, Massachusetts at the Chocksett Hill School for two winter sessions  during his tenure at Harvard and was asked to address the graduating class on February 24, 1829 at the close of winter studies.He referred to himself as "Old Master" in his written address. At the age of 19, he wrote:

"This place has been to you the scene of many wayward frolic, of many a childish gam bob. You have here laughed and sported together year after year,

masks:
Edwin Conant
Jacob Conant
Conant
Edwin
Edwin


title: Edwin Conant

texts:
 winter, my attention was so strongly attracted by these qualities, and by the kindness with which I was uniformly treated, that I formed an attachment to you, which not ever time, but death alone can sever… And am I no more to have my ears greeted with the endearing title of Master?- a title which has always suggested to my mind, so many pleasing emotions! … Be assured, I shall not forget you." Law School
After being graduated from Harvard, Conant studied law with Rejoice Newton (1782-1868) and William Lincoln (1801-1843), author of History of Worcester, Massachusetts From Its Earliest Settlement to September 1836 and at the Harvard Law School in Cambridge. Independence Day Oration
On Independence Day, July 4, 1832, at the 51st anniversary of the Town of Sterling, <mask> addressed the Towns-people with an oration. He spoke:“...In the upright and honest discharge of public and private duty within our narrow spheres of action, let us do what we can to avert it. And if the cloud which some have been farsighted, or imaginative enough to believe is gathering over our heads, shall indeed burst in wrath upon us, let us not, like recreant sons of worthier sires, shrink from any exertion which liberty and country may demand at our hands. But may heaven grant, that that demand may never be made, that successive years may but harden and cement the temple which has been reared to freedom, that here the dominion of error may be constantly narrowed and the empire of light and truth extended, that the fair model we hold up for the world to admire and imitate may ever be kept in the freshness of original beauty, that so the consummation  of mans highest earthly reign of equal laws and the rightful elevation of moral excellence.”

Attorney
He returned to reside in Sterling briefly on September 19, 1832, and opened his law office.He was also appointed to the Division of the Militia of the Commonwealth of


title: Edwin Conant

texts:
 Massachusetts as Quarter Master by Levi Lincoln, the Governor of Massachusetts, an involvement he would honor for many years. During this period, his Father Jacob was serving in various official posts in Sterling government, which he did the last thirty years of his life. In 1833, <mask> was promoted to Major with the Division of the Militia of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts by Governor Levi Lincoln. <mask> took little time to establish himself in the Town and County and moved his residence and practice to Worcester in 1833. He purchased the estate of his former friend and Sterling resident, Isaac Goodwin, on Lincoln Street and later moved to a mansion at the corner of Harvard and State Street. After his death, the mansion was donated to the Natural History Society in 1891 (The Natural History Society changed its name to the Worcester Science Museum in 1960 and eventually the EcoTarium in 1998). He was asked in November 1835 to deliver the dedicatory address for the dedication of the Town Hall (1835 Town Hall) which had just been completed.In 1842, as part of a Board of Trustees, <mask> was appointed to the Board of the Worcester State Lunatic Hospital  by Governor John Davis. The hospital was 10 years old. Marriage and family
Maria Estabrook (daughter of Joseph and Ruth Estabrook of Royalston, became <mask>'s first wife in 1833. They had two children, Elizabeth Ann <mask> in 1835 and Helen Maria <mask> in 1837. On December 24, 1837, his youngest daughter Helen died 7 months after she was born. <mask>'s Father Jacob, then Treasurer for the Town of Sterling, also died in 1837. Maria, <mask>'s wife, was the next to perish.She died at the age of 35 on August 22, 1848, two days after <mask>'s 38th Birthday. <mask> married again on January 29, 1850. His second wife, Elizabeth S. Wheeler was the daughter of a Unitarian Reverend Joseph Wheeler Jr. of Harvard. They were married for 29 years

masks:
Edwin Conant
Edwin
Edwin
Edwin
Conant
Conant
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Edwin
Edwin
Edwin


title: Edwin Conant

texts:
 losing her in 1879. After his second wife died, <mask> was left with only one immediate family member, his daughter Elizabeth Ann. She took over the caring of the household and lived with her father all of her life. Elizabeth Ann <mask>
Elizabeth Ann <mask> died on December 4, 1883 at the age of 48.Worcester Spy reported “A light has gone out in many hearts with the death of Miss Conant, and some of us, even outside her home, cannot but feel that life is less worth living in her absence… In her was found a rare union of common and uncommon sense, of judgment in practical affairs, and thoughtful interest in the intellectual and spiritual questions which concern us all most deeply, of constant, untiring devotion to home duties, and earnest activity in helping the needy abroad, of a warm heart and quick sympathies, with a clear, penetrating, and cultivated intellect. To all these were added vivacity and courage, with a vein of fun also, which made her society a delight.”

Conant Public Library
After Elizabeth's death, <mask>t donated a 100-acre parcel of land he owned in Holden to the inhabitants of Sterling, the proceeds of which were to be used to begin erecting a memorial building in his daughter's name. When all was said and done, <mask> donated more than $6,000 to construct the Conant Public Library. The memorial address, by E. H. Hall ends with; “Why may we not hope that her pure presence will always be felt within the walls which to-day we dedicate, and touch with finer influence all that goes forth from them on errands of enlightenment and cheer?”

There are numerous letters of sympathy in <mask>'s files. Received between Elizabeth's death in 1883 and the dedication of the Library in 1886. Pictures of Elizabeth along with the Memorial booklet were mailed to friends of Conant. These letters were treasured to the end of his life.After 1883, <mask> was ill for many years. The death of

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Edwin
Conant
Conant
Edwin Conan
Edwin
Edwin Conant
Edwin Conant


title: Edwin Conant

texts:
 his daughter, the last member of his immediate family did much to bring about his decline in health. He continued to live in his mansion on State Street in Worcester. At his side all these later years was his nurse, Henry K. Cady, who was also at his side at his funeral. <mask> died on March 2, 1891. He had been the oldest living member of the Worcester County Bar. His modest funeral was attended by noted Worcester businessman and politicians as well as a contingency from Sterling including Osgood, Bartlett, Heywood, Kendall, Fitch, Wilder, Brown and Houghton (the Sterling attendees were 1/2 hour late due to a train delay).At a special session of the superior court of Worcester, in his memory, Attorney H.E. Hill, Col. Williams and A.P. Rugg held a memorial service. Judge Emory Aldrich said, “He was a man of rare qualities of mind… There is no man in the city that I know who is possessed of so many noble qualities and of so much wealth, who was little known in the community at large, as was Mr. Conant. He was highly spoken of by his neighbor. I regarded my acquaintance with him as an honor… His rare intelligence, cultivated mind and dignified manner marked him. He was one of the most self-contained men I ever met.”

The retelling of his time with us would not be complete without the words of Oliver Wendell Holmes who wrote “A Story of Twenty Nine”.The concluding verses were:
As nearer still and nearer
The Fatal stars appear,
The living shall be dearer
With each encircling year
Till a few old men shall say,
“We remember ‘tis the day -
Let it pass with a glass
For the Class of ‘29”

As one by one is falling
Beneath the leaves of snows,
Each memory still recalling,
The broken ring shall close,
Till the night winds softly pass
O’er the green and growing grass,
Where it waves on the graves
Of the Boys of ‘29

References

1810 births
1891 deaths
People from Sterling, Massachusetts
Harvard Law


title: M. C. Chagla

texts:
<mask> (30 September 1900 – 9 February 1981) was an Indian jurist, diplomat, and Cabinet Minister who served as Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court from 1947 to 1958. Early life and education
Born on 30 September 1900 in Bombay to a well-off Gujarati Ismaili Khoja family, <mask> suffered a lonely childhood owing to his mother's death in 1905. His childhood was spent in their family mansion in near Nagdevi Street and Janjiker Lane, Khokha Bazar in Pydhonie. He later bought a mansion in Malabar Hill in 1934. He was educated at St. Xavier's High School and College in Bombay, after which he went on to study Modern History at Lincoln College, Oxford from 1918–21, taking a BA in 1921 and MA in 1925. In 1922, he was admitted to the Bar of the Bombay High Court, where he worked with such illuminaries as Sir Jamshedji Kanga and <mask>, who would one day become the founder of Pakistan. Career
Initially, like many nationalists, <mask> idolized Jinnah due to his then nationalistic views and held membership in the Muslim League.He worked under Jinnah in Bombay for seven years, often, as he recounts in his autobiography in a state of penury. However, he severed all ties to Jinnah after Jinnah began to work for the cause of a separate Muslim state. <mask>, along with others, then founded the Muslim Nationalist Party in Bombay, a party which was ignored and pushed aside in the independence struggle. He was appointed as Professor of law to Government Law College, Bombay in 1927, where he worked with Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. He was appointed as a judge to Bombay High Court in 1941, becoming Chief Justice in 1948 and serving in that capacity to 1958. All through, he continued to write and speak strongly for the Indian freedom cause and against the

masks:
Mohammadali Carim Chagla
Chagla
Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Chagla
Chagla


title: M. C. Chagla

texts:
 communal two nation ideology.In 1946, <mask> was part of the first Indian delegation to the UN. From 4 October to 10 December 1956, <mask> served as Acting Governor of the then state of Bombay, later broken up into the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Following his tenure as Chief Justice, he served as the one-man commission that examined the Finance Minister of India, T. T. Krishnamachari, over the controversial Haridas <mask>ndhra LIC insurance scandal, which forced Krishnamachari's resignation as Finance Minister. Krishnamachari was quite close to Nehru, who became intensely angry at <mask>la for his revelations of TTK's part in the affair, though he later forgave <mask>la. From September 1957 to 1959, <mask> served as ad hoc judge to the International Court of Justice at The Hague. After retirement he served as Indian ambassador to the US from 1958 to 1961. <mask> then served as Indian High Commissioner in the UK from April 1962 to September 1963.Immediately on his return, he was asked to be a Cabinet Minister, which he accepted, and he served as Education Minister from 1963 to 1966, then served as the Minister for External Affairs of India from November 1966 to September 1967, after which he left government service. He then spent the remaining years of his life actively, continuing to practice law into his seventies. As Minister of Education under Jawaharlal Nehru, <mask>la was distraught by the quality of education in government schools:
Our Constitution fathers did not intend that we just set up hovels, put students there, give untrained teachers, give them bad textbooks, no playgrounds, and say, we have complied with Article 45 and primary education is expanding... They meant that real education should be given to

masks: Chagla Chagla Mu Chag Chag Chagla Chagla Chag


title: M. C. Chagla

texts:
 our children between the ages of 6 and 14

Personal life and family
In 1930, <mask> married <mask> Dharsi Jivraj, a lady of his own community and similar family background, in a match arranged in the usual Indian way by their families. Their marriage was harmonious and conventional. The couple were blessed with four children, being two sons, Jehangir (b. 1934) and Iqbal (b.1939) and two daughters, Husnara (b. 1932) and Nuru (b. 193x). Their son Iqbal <mask> became a lawyer; with his wife Roshan, he has a daughter (<mask><mask>'s granddaughter) Rohiqa, who is the wife of <mask>, the former chairman of Tata Sons in the period 2014–2016. Iqbal's son Riaz (b. c. 1970) was himself appointed a judge of the Bombay High Court in July 2017. <mask>'s younger daughter, Nuru, married Subbaram Swaminathan, a south Indian Hindu gentleman, son of politician Ammu Swaminathan and brother of captain Lakshmi Swaminathan and <mask> Sarabhai.<mask> Dharsi Jivraj died in November 1961. <mask> survived her by nineteen years, dying in February 1981. Last years and death

In 1973, <mask> published his autobiography, Roses in December, with the help of his son Iqbal. He vehemently protested against the Indian Emergency. He died on 9 February 1981, at the age of 80 of heart failure. He had been unwell for several years, and had suffered four heart attacks. True to his active and energetic nature, he had not let his health slow him down.On the day of his death, he went as usual to his club in Bombay and had a good time with his friends. He then slipped away to the dressing room and there, peacefully died. According to his wish, he was cremated instead of having a traditional Muslim burial. The Bombay High Court was closed to show respect for him, and

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Chagla
Mehrunissa
Chagla
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. Chagla
Cyrus Mistry
Chagla
Mrinalini
Mehrunissa
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Chagla


title: M. C. Chagla

texts:
 several speeches were made in his memory, including one by former Prime Minister, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In 1985, a statue of <mask> was unveiled and placed within the High Court itself, appropriately outside the Chief Justice's Court where once he served. The inscription on the statue plinth reads:

"A great judge, a great citizen, and, above all, a great human being." Further facts

Though born a Muslim, <mask>la was more of an agnostic.The surname "<mask>gla" was not his original surname. In <mask>'s autobiography, he recounted that in his youth, he was known as "Merchant" as  both his father and grandfather were merchants. Hating the name due to its associations with money, he went to his grandfather one day and asked him as to what he should call himself. His grandfather promptly replied "<mask>gla" as his father, <mask>la's great-grandfather, had had <mask>gla as his pet name, which in the Kutchi language means "favourite". <mask>gla promptly adopted the new surname. References

Further reading
Roses In December, an autobiography, M.C. Chagla, Tenth Edition, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 2000,

External links

M C <mask>gla

1900 births
1981 deaths
Politicians from Mumbai
20th-century Indian judges
Indian barristers
Indian diplomats
Indian Ismailis
Chagla
Judges of the Bombay High Court
Ambassadors of India to the United States
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
Founders of Indian schools and colleges
Rajya Sabha members from Maharashtra
Ministers for External Affairs of India
Education Ministers of India
Members of the Cabinet of India
Leaders of the Rajya Sabha
Chief Justices of the Bombay High Court
All India Muslim League members
Indian Shia Muslims
Gujarati people
20th-century Indian lawyers
20th-century Indian

masks: Chala Chag Cha Chagla Cha Chag Cha Cha Cha


title: Emma Ahuena Taylor

texts:
<mask> (November 13, 1867 – November 8, 1937) was a part-Native Hawaiian high chiefess during the 20th century. She was a cultural historian, a genealogist, and a repository of Hawaiian culture and history who wrote many articles and recollections about the past and influenced her husband, <mask>, the author of the historical book Under Hawaiian Skies. She was involved in local philanthropic, historical, and civic groups and participated in the women's suffrage movement in the Territory of Hawaii, campaigning for the rights of local women to vote prior to the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment. Early life and family
<mask> was born on November 13, 1867, although her gravestone says she was born in 1866. She was the eldest daughter and second child of American pharmacist Benoni Richmond Davison—who became the superintendent of the United States Marine Hospital in Honolulu—and British-Hawaiian chiefess Mary Jane Kekulani Fayerweather. On her mother's side, she was a great-granddaughter of the British Captain George Charles Beckley and Ahia, a distant relation of the reigning House of Kamehameha. Davison's siblings included William Compton Malulani, Rose Compton, Henry Fayerweather, and Marie Hope Kekulani.Her father died in 1875 and her mother later married photographer A. A. Montano in 1877. Davison attended St. Andrew's Priory School in Honolulu, where she was taught by the sisterhoods of the Anglican Church of Hawaii established by King Kamehameha IV and Queen <mask>. She later transferred to Fort Street School and became a playmate of Princess Kaʻiulani, the niece of King Kalākaua. Beginning in 1890, after finishing her education, she worked as a schoolteacher with her sister Rose at the government school in the Mānoa Valley. She married Albert Pierce <mask> on November 5, 1902, at her mother's Mānoa residence, becoming <mask>'s second wife. <mask>, originally from the United States, settled in Hawaii and worked for The Pacific Commercial Advertiser

masks:
Emma Ahuena Davison Taylor
Albert Pierce Taylor
Emma Ahuena Davison
Emma
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor


title: Emma Ahuena Taylor

texts:
 and later became the librarian for the Archives of Hawaii.He was also a writer of Hawaiian history whose most notable work is Under Hawaiian Skies. They had no children. Literary career
<mask> <mask> was an authority on Hawaiian history, genealogy, and language. With her mother, she planned and directed many historical pageants. Her husband's later works were greatly influenced by <mask> and her mother. In the 1920s, <mask> received a government appointment to the Hawaiian Historical and Hawaiian Folklore Commissions. The trustees of Bishop Museum and Kamehameha Schools consulted her and other Hawaiian scholars in the translation of Samuel Kamakau's seminal work Ruling Chiefs of Hawaii into English.<mask> and her husband became officers in the Hawaiian Historical Society. In September 1930, she wrote a paper and used it to address the society's annual meeting about the history and origin of the former Royal Tombs at Pohukaina. Located in the grounds of ʻIolani Palace, the site was abandoned when the bodies of the Hawaiian royal family were moved to the Royal Mausoleum at Mauna ʻAla during the reign of Kamehameha V, leaving behind many remains of the chiefs. Because of its importance <mask> argued; "...the site of the old royal tomb should be held in veneration, and that the historic mound should be cleared and exposed to public view, surrounded by an imposing guard fence, and an appropriate tablet set up to tell passersby its profound royal history". Following this meeting, the society submitted a resolution asking Governor Walter F. Frear to put a protective fence and plaque around the sacred site, which was done on October 17, 1930. Her other scholarly publications include; "Vengeance of Pele" (1930), the "Legend of Puahuula" (1930), and "Poki — Guardian Dog of Moanalua" (1935), all of which were written for Paradise of the Pacific magazine. The most notable characteristics of <mask>'s writings were its personal touches and romantic depictions of the

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Emma Ahuena
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor


title: Emma Ahuena Taylor

texts:
 past, containing many vivid accounts drawn from her own life.In 1935, she wrote a series of eight weekly installments titled "Personal Recollections", in which she recounts life in Hawaii from her childhood in the 1870s until 1934, for the Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Eleanor H. Williamson notes:

Community involvement
In 1912, she became a supporter of the women's suffrage movement. Native Hawaiian women of high societal rank like <mask> were key early campaigners for this cause. In 1917, she attended a party hosted by <mask> to honor a visiting suffragist from the mainland United States, Almira Hollander Pitman, the wife of <mask>'s cousin Benjamin F. Pitman. The presence of <mask> and other upper-class Honolulu suffragists—including Wilhelmine Widemann Dowsett, president of the National Women's Equal Suffrage Association of Hawaii—and subsequent meetings with the club prompted Pitman to write to her political connections in the mainland, which helped push a bill authorizing the Territory of Hawaii with the power to legislate on the issue of women's suffrage through Congress. In 1919, a local bill to enfranchise the women of Hawaii was planned but it never passed because the following year Congress passed the Nineteenth Amendment, granting all women in the United States the right to vote. During World War I, <mask> and her friend Emilie Widemann Macfarlane organized knitting units on behalf of Native Hawaiian soldiers.On September 23, 1921, <mask> wrote an article published in the Honolulu Advertiser that argued for Hawaii's recognition in a proposed Hall of Remembrance to be erected by the Woman's National Foundation in Washington, DC, honoring women from each of the then-forty-eight states. Speaking on behalf of the women of Hawaii, she advocated for Hawaii's spot in the proposed memorial, suggesting "a pillar of laval stone chiselled from the laval flows of Kilauea, be placed within this Hall of Remembrance to symbolize Hawaii" and for the recognition of

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Emma Nakuina
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title: Emma Ahuena Taylor

texts:
 the early pioneering American missionary wives, Queen Kaʻahumanu and High Chiefess Kapiʻolani. The pillar representing Hawaii was never erected. <mask> also supported many local organizations and was the premier of Māmakakaua (the Daughters and Sons of Hawaiian Warriors), a group composed of the descendants of the high chiefs (aliʻi) from the deposed monarchy. The group hosted pageants celebrating the history and traditions of Hawaii. Other organizations she became involved include the League of Women Voters, The Outdoor Circle, and the Native Daughters of Hawaii—which she helped organized. She was also elected the first female vice-president of the Manoa Percent Republican Club.In later life, <mask> befriended writer Beatrice Ayer Patton—the wife of General George S. Patton—who wrote The Blood of the Shark: A Romance of Early Hawaii, which was published in 1936 and loosely influenced by the exploits of <mask>'s Hawaiian and British ancestors. Death
Richard Weinberg described her in a 1936 interview about the art and craft of Ancient Hawaii in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin: "Mrs. <mask> <mask> impresses one as a person who has carried a strikingly handsome, youthful appearance into maturity. Although her hair is gray and her old fashioned, black holoku sweeps the floor, her limpid brown eyes retain all the charm and fire of youth. Her carefully modulated voice recalls a day when conversation was not an neglected art." <mask> died on November 7, 1937, and was buried next to her husband at the Oahu Cemetery. Her private notes, diaries, letters, and manuscript drafts, and those of her mother Mary Jane Montano, are now in the Hawaii State Archives. References

Bibliography

1867 births
1937 deaths
People from Honolulu
Hawaii suffragists
Native Hawaiian writers
Hawaiian Kingdom people of English descent
Hawaiian nobility
Historians of Hawaii
Burials at Oahu Cemetery
Educators from Hawaii
American women educators
American people of British descent
Hawaii

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Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Emma Ahuena
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title: Filipp Malyavin

texts:
<mask> () (October 22, 1869, Kazanka (Julian calendar: October 10) – December 23, 1940, Nice, France) was a Russian painter and draftsman. Trained in icon-painting as well as having studied under the great Russian realist painter Ilya Repin, <mask> is unusual among the Russian artists of the time for having a peasant background. It is possibly due to this that his paintings often depict peasant life, and his most famous work, Whirlwind, shows peasant women dancing. Biography
<mask> was born in the large village of Kazanka (Samara Governorate, now Totsky District, Orenburg Oblast), into a poor peasant family with many children. Even as a child, he was drawn towards art, drawing and creating clay figurines of birds and animals from the age of five. The village was visited by traveling monks, who would bring with them icons from Mount Athos, in Greece. Fascinated by the icons, Malyavin convinced his parents to allow him to go to Athos to study icon-painting.At the age of sixteen, he traveled to Greece with a monk from Athos, his journey financed by the villagers themselves. Although the monasteries at Athos were famed for their vast collections of Greek manuscripts and books, the art of icon painting was not actually practiced there. <mask> was disappointed to learn that they only made copies of Russian icons. Having used up his money and thus unable to return to Russia, <mask> entered the monastery as a novice, and was charged with painting icons and murals. This continued until 1891, when <mask> met Vladimir Beklemishev, a Russian sculptor and professor at the Saint Petersburg Academy of Arts who was on a visit to Athos. Beklemishev was greatly impressed by <mask>'s work and invited him to Petersburg. In March 1892, <mask> arrived in St. Petersburg and, with Beklemishev's help, was enrolled in the Academy of Arts.Due to the Academy reforms of 1894, <mask> was able to choose his own teacher after completing the Academy curriculum. His options included such great artists as Vladimir Makovsky and Arkhip Kuindzhi. However,

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Filipp Andreevich Malyavin
Malyavin
Filipp Malyavin
Malyavin
Malyavin
Malyavin
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title: Filipp Malyavin

texts: Malyavin applied for, and was accepted into, the studio of Russian realist Ilya Repin, who among others, also taught Igor Grabar, Konstantin Somov, Anna Ostroumova-Lebedeva, and Boris Kustodiev. It was here, in Repin's studio, that <mask> began creating some of his most famous early works, including Peasant Girl Knitting a Stocking (1895), which is the first of his paintings in which he introduces his favorite color, red. Three of these early works, all depicting peasant women, were exhibited at the Moscow Art Lovers' Society Salon. Two of these were bought by Pavel Tretyakov for the Tretyakov Gallery. <mask> also began to perfect his style of portraiture, creating another series of paintings depicting his fellow-artists from Repin's studio.Among the best of these is that of Konstantin Somov, who would later found the World of Art group. <mask>'s fame spread quickly, and it was not long before society grandees such as Baroness Wolf and Mme. Popova began coming to him to have their portraits painted. From 1895 to 1899, <mask> painted frenetically. In 1897, he was awarded the status of Artist, but only after much debate, and for his series of portraits rather than his competition painting, Laughter, which depicted Russian women in red dresses in a green meadow. His work was too different, too bright, and it had no plot - it did not fit the contemporary art scene at the time. Thus, in 1900, Malyavin traveled to Paris, and took France by storm.French newspapers hailed him as "a credit to Russian painting," and Laughter was awarded a gold medal and bought by the Museo d'arte moderno in Venice. His work was suddenly in demand, with the Luxembourg Museum in Paris buying Three Women. On returning to Russia, <mask> married Natalia Novaak-Sarich, the daughter of a rich industrialist from Odessa and a private student at the Higher Art School. They settled in a village near Ryazan, and <mask> devoted himself entirely to his art. His work began appearing in the salons of the World of Art group, and the Union of Russian Artists.

masks: Malyavin Malyavin Malyavin Malyavin Malyavin Malyavin


title: Filipp Malyavin

texts:
 Malyavin reached his peak between 1905 and 1907, during Russia's revolutionary crisis. Unlike other painters, at this time he focused on his "peasant" canvases.These paintings are unusual in terms of their use of bright colors and their large scales, which mark them more than their usually generic titles. In 1906, Malyavin painted Whirlwind, his greatest painting, and the Assembly of the Academy of Arts awarded him the rank of "Academician," "in consideration of his fame in the field of art." Between 1908 and 1910, Malyavin did not display any work, and the official art critics began attacking him more and more frequently. He traveled to Paris, and on his return, painted a large family portrait, which he exhibited in January 1911, at the salon of the Union of Russian Artists. The painting was a failure, and between 1911 and 1915, Malyavin exhibited only the works of the earlier period. In 1918, Malyavin moved with his family to Ryazan, where he participated in the Ryazan Commissariat for Education's propaganda of art and taught. In 1920, he went to Moscow, where he was admitted to the Kremlin and made drawings for Lenin's portrait.He also painted a portrait of Anatoly Lunacharsky, and his works were displayed in Moscow exhibitions. In fall of 1922, <mask> traveled abroad with his family yet again, to organize a traveling exhibition of his works. The family settled in Paris, where he painted portraits on commission and where his work was exhibited in 1924. In 1933, he toured Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, England, and Sweden, exhibiting his work, and in 1935 and 1937, he exhibited his work in London, Stockholm, and Nice. <mask> died on December 23, 1940, in Nice. He is noted for changing the portrayal of peasants in Russian painting and for his brilliant use of color. References

Literature

External links

ArtNet Biography
Philip Maliavin
Philip Malyavin

1869 births
1940 deaths
People from Totsky District
People from Samara Governorate
19th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
20th-century Russian

masks: Malyavin Malyavin


title: Mahmood (singer)

texts:
Alessandro Mahmoud (, ; born 12 September 1992), known professionally as <mask>, is an Italian singer-songwriter of Italian and Egyptian origin. He rose to prominence after competing on the sixth season of the Italian version of The X Factor. In 2019, <mask> won the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Soldi", and went onto represent  in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, finishing in second place. His debut album, Gioventù bruciata, was released in February 2019 and reached number one on the Italian albums chart. He won the Sanremo Music Festival 2022 once again, alongside Blanco with the song "Brividi", and will represent  again in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin. Early life
Born in Milan to an Egyptian father and a Sardinian mother from Orosei, he was raised around Gratosoglio, a district of Milan. When he was five years old, his parents divorced and he was subsequently raised by his mother.Career

2012–2018: X Factor and beginnings
In 2012, <mask> auditioned for the sixth season of the Italian version of The X Factor. He became part of the boys category mentored by Simona Ventura. He was originally eliminated at Judges Houses, then returned as a wildcard, before eventually being eliminated in the third episode. After this experience, he worked in a bar and attended a music school, studying piano, solfeggio and music theory, where he also started writing songs. In 2013, he released his debut single "Fallin' Rain". In 2016, <mask> Fibra's single "Luna". In September 2018, he released his debut extended play, Gioventù bruciata. In November 2018, Marco Mengoni released his fifth album, Atlantico, which features three tracks co-written by <mask>, including the single "Hola (I Say)". 2018–2020: Gioventù bruciata, Sanremo and Eurovision

In December 2018, <mask> was one of 24 acts selected to compete in Sanremo Giovani, a televised competition aimed at selecting two newcomers as contestants of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival. <mask> was placed first in the

masks: Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmoodri Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood


title: Mahmood (singer)

texts: second episode of the show, with his entry "Gioventù bruciata", also receiving the Critics' Award among acts performing in the second final. "Soldi" was later announced as his entry for the Sanremo Music Festival 2019. <mask> performed the song for the first time during the first live show of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival, which was held on 5 February 2019.Dario "Dardust" Faini, co-writer of the song, directed the Sanremo Orchestra during his performance. During the third live show, "Soldi" was the first performance of the night. On 8 February 2019, <mask> performed the song in a new version, featuring rapper Gué Pequeno. During the first round of the final, "Soldi" placed 7th in the televote, but was the most voted by the experts jury, and the second most voted by the press jury. As a result, <mask> gained a spot in the top three acts of the competition and after an additional performance, the song was declared the winner of the 69th Sanremo Music Festival. <mask> also received the "Enzo Jannacci" Award for Best Performance. and the "Premio Baglioni d'oro" award for best song voted by the participating artists.On 22 February 2019, <mask> reissued Gioventù bruciata as a full-length studio album, which topped the Italian albums chart. In April 2019, <mask> was featured on the single "Calipso" by Charlie Charles and Dardust, which topped the Italian singles chart. In May 2019, he represented Italy at the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel. He performed "Soldi" in the grand final of the contest on 18 May, placing second in the final ranking. The song topped the charts in Greece, Israel, Italy and Lithuania and reached the top 10 in five more countries, eventually becoming the most-streamed Eurovision song ever on Spotify, a record held until late January 2021 when it was surpassed by the 2019 Eurovision winner, "Arcade" by Duncan Laurence. In Israel in 2019, Mahmood performed together with Israeli singer Eden Ben-Zaken and the two even planned to record a duet

masks: Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood Mahmood


title: Mahmood (singer)

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 together, which ended up being cancelled due to the outbreak of the covid-19 pandemic. Mahmood performed at the closing ceremony of the 2019 Summer Universiade in Naples with three of his songs "Soldi", "Gioventù bruciata" and "Anni 90".2020–present: Ghettolimpo, return to Sanremo and to Eurovision
On 11 June 2021, <mask> released his second studio album, Ghettolimpo. The album's release was preceded by five singles: "Rapide", "Dorado" (in collaboration with fellow Italian rapper Sfera Ebbasta and Colombian singer Feid), "Inuyasha", "Zero" (also included in the soundtrack of the 2021 Netflix series of the same name) and "Klan". <mask> made his return to Sanremo in 2022 alongside Blanco with the song "Brividi", with which they won and will thus represent  at the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Turin. On 19th February 2022, in the Billboard 200 leaderboard, the song "Brividi" placed 15th. Public image
<mask> is a portmanteau of Alessandro's surname Mahmoud and the English expression "my mood". Despite his father's origins, <mask> does not speak Arabic but is fluent in Sardinian. Following his Sanremo win, then Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini, who is known for his anti-immigrant views, criticized him for winning over Ultimo who received the highest number of public votes.<mask> has an aversion to being categorized by his nationality or sexuality. He has stated that "declaring 'I'm gay' leads nowhere" and "If we continue with these distinctions, homosexuality will never be perceived as a normal thing, which it is". According to Italian press, while he has refused to answer the question of whether he's gay, he has stated that he's "happy and taken. "<ref></</ref>

He considers himself Christian and, more specifically, Catholic. In 2019, he was named to the Italian Forbes 30 Under 30, a list showcasing entrepreneurs, entertainers and celebrities who have made a name for themselves before reaching the age of 30. Artistry
<mask> has described his music as Moroccan pop.


title: Mahmood (singer)

texts:
 According to him "what sets me apart are the Middle Eastern sounds that emerge here and there"."Soldi", which is an autobiographic song about his "unconventional family", includes a sentence in Arabic. One of his earliest musical memories is listening to Arabic music with his father, before he left the family. Growing up he also listened to Italian artists like Lucio Battisti, Lucio Dalla and Paolo Conte. He considers himself very linked to Sardinia's culture and folklore, which often acts as a source of inspiration for the composition of his songs. <mask> has cited American singer Frank Ocean as his biggest influence: "[His music] is very free and in which everyone can identify themselves, gay or straight, because the essential is the person and the energy that he transmits and not the sexual orientation". His other favorite artists include  Beyoncé, Travis Scott, Jazmine Sullivan, Rosalía and SZA. Discography

Gioventù bruciata (2019)
Ghettolimpo (2021)

Author and songwriter for other artists
<mask> during his career has written and composed songs with many Italian songwriters and producers, including Francesco Catitti, Dardust, Charlie Charles, Alessandro Raina, and artists such as Marracash, Chiara, Marco Mengoni, Fabri Fibra, Elodie and Michele Bravi.In 2019, thanks to his victory at the Sanremo Music Festival, Mogol offered the artist a scholarship to improve his skills as a songwriter at the European Centre in Toscolano for authors, composers and artists. Awards and nominations

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Singers from Milan
Italian people of Egyptian descent
Italian pop singers
X Factor (Italian TV series) contestants
Sanremo Music Festival winners
21st-century Italian  male singers
MTV Europe Music Award winners
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2019
Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2022
Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Italy
Italian Roman Catholics
Forbes 30 Under 30 recipients
Italian people of Sardinian descent
Universal Music

masks: Mahmood Mahmood


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
<mask> (January 13, 1919 – December 1, 2001) was an American environmentalist and conservationist. She was conferred the highest award by the Sierra Club, The John Muir Award, in 1991. She was presented the highest award by the Wilderness Society, The Robert Marshall Award, in 1998. Early life
<mask><mask> was born January 13, 1919, in Arlington, Washington  and was raised a Quaker on a small farm during the Great Depression. Being raised a Quaker instilled values in her that she carried throughout her life. <mask>'s values gave her the confidence to follow dreams like becoming a pilot, even though they were unconventional paths for women. In <mask>'s young adult years she worked as a clerk for Weyerhaeuser Timber Company.On her way to work, she drove past Everett Airport. Her first flight lesson was the week following her 21 birthday, and she was immediately addicted. Environmentalist and conservationist have become synonymous with <mask>; however, when she first came to Alaska, she did not consider herself a conservationist or an environmentalist. Career

Military service as a pilot
<mask> trained as a pilot and eventually served as a pilot during World War II, becoming a member of the Women Airforce Service Pilots, also known as the WASPs, and graduating with class 43-W5. <mask> flew planes from the factories to training centers and ports of embarkation throughout the USA. She successfully completed each upgrading until she was qualified to fly the most sophisticated fighter planes in the US military. The US Ferrying Division ruled that women should not be allowed to

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. Hunter
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title: Celia M. Hunter

texts: ferry military fighter planes any farther north than Great Falls, Montana."We ferried them from factories clear across the US, but 'sorry, gals, turn them over to the men here' and they got to fly them on the Northwest Staging Route through Edmonton, Fort Nelson, Watson Lake, and Whitehorse to Fairbanks," <mask> told students at Linfield College during a 1997 speech. Two years later, <mask> and her good friend and fellow WASP, Ginny Hill Wood, decided that they would get to Fairbanks on their own, just to see what their male colleagues had been talking about. They made a deal with an Alaskan pilot, who was in Seattle, to fly two of his planes to Fairbanks. It took 27 days to fly from Seattle to Fairbanks, even though the total flying time added up to only 30 hours. Wood's plane had unairworthy fabric and no heat. The two women nicknamed it "Li'l Igloo." Before leaving for Fairbanks, <mask> and Wood spent a semester at school in Sweden, then spent 10 months bicycling throughout Europe, which was still suffering the devastation inflicted by the war.To get back to the United States, they hitchhiked across the Atlantic Ocean on a tanker. “We bought a jeep station wagon and drove cross-country to Seattle, but found the U.S. too affluent for our tastes [so we] headed back to Alaska,” exclaimed Woods on her journey back to Alaska. The two women arrived in Fairbanks on January 1, 1947 in the midst of a thick snowstorm. The temperature was almost  and the only scheduled airline could not fly in those temperatures. Finding themselves stranded, <mask> and Wood secured jobs in a

masks: Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 start-up travel agency. <mask> served as a flight attendant on the first-ever tourist trips to Kotzebue and Nome and planned the first sightseeing tours of Fairbanks. In autumn 1947, <mask> enrolled in the University of Stockholm in a special course designed for American GI students.After a semester in Sweden, <mask> and Wood spent ten months bicycling through war-torn Europe and eventually hitchhiked on tankers back to the United States, where they returned to Alaska. Camp Denali

<mask> and Wood, together with Wood's husband, decided to start Camp Denali, which was planned to be similar to the hut systems in Europe, with simple accommodations coupled with outdoor activities. The threesome staked out a Trade and Manufacturing Site claim under the Homestead Act along the then-western boundary of Denali National Park, with a magnificent view of Denali (formerly known as Mount McKinley), and opened for business in 1952. Their management philosophy was simple, "to create a setting in which our guests, staff, and even casual visitors would be aware of the wonders of the natural world that surrounded us." Camp Denali's management closely reflected <mask>'s philosophy on life. "We specialized in providing healthy, sustaining meals, with fresh baked bread and pastries, and we refused to handle either soft drinks or beer in our small store because we didn't want to see the throw-away cans littering the roadsides," <mask> once remarked. Camp Denali was sold in 1975 and now lies within Denali National Park.As their business grew, so did their deep respect and love for the natural

masks: Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter Hunter


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts: world. They found themselves increasingly involved in Alaska's issues. When <mask> and Ginny Wood first arrived in Alaska, it was a Territory with approximately 180,000 people. "Flying across bush Alaska, the entire landscape was a seamless whole, unmarred by man-made boundaries. Alaskans assumed it would always be like this, and they resisted strenuously the setting aside of particular lands to protect them." Alaska was changing rapidly before their eyes and they realized it was going to take a lot of work to protect the Alaskan wildlands they loved. The trip that Olaus and <mask> <mask>rie made in 1956 to the Sheenjek River at Lost and Lobo Lakes in the foothills of the Brooks Range was the catalyst that started the conservation movement in Alaska.Olaus <mask>, a naturalist and wildlife biologist well known for his work in Alaska, dreamed of protecting a large area of the Arctic that extended from the Arctic Ocean, across the Brooks Range, and down into the boreal forest on the opposite side. After their trip, <mask>rie proposed the creation of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to protect an ecosystem large enough to support the great Porcupine River caribou herd and other large populations of wildlife. <mask> met the <mask>ries on one of their trips through Fairbanks. "We really supported very strongly what they were trying to do. Olaus <mask>rie went home and drew lines on the map and we started fighting for setting aside the area," said <mask>. Soon the group of staunch supporters realized that protecting the Arctic Refuge was going to be harder than expected.

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Celia Hunter
Mardy
Mu
Murie
Mu
Hunter
Mu
Mu
Hunter


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 Setting aside the Range was virtually impossible to do through Congress, because the congressional delegation of Alaska was adamantly opposed to any withdrawals of land for conservation purposes.<mask> and others began fighting for the Refuge unofficially until they decided they would need to form an organization in order to be most effective. The Alaska Conservation Society (ACS), Alaska's first statewide conservation organization, was formed in 1960, proving a venue for <mask> and others to testify on behalf of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). Unfortunately, support for  ANWR came primarily from congressional delegates and other conservationists outside of Alaska, and there was nothing that got the Alaskan delegation more riled up than a bunch of outsiders coming in and telling Alaska how to manage its resources. <mask> remarked, "OK, if you don't want to listen to people from Outside, you better listen to us." Voting members of ACS were required to be Alaskan residents. Despite strong opposition from Alaska's senators and lone congressman, a presidential proclamation by President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary of the Interior Fred Seaton created the Wildlife Refuge shortly before Eisenhower left office in 1960. Following this success, ACS continued to serve as a vehicle through which Alaskans could be heard on conservation issues.<mask> acted as the executive secretary of ACS for the next 12 years. Legacy
<mask> died on December 1, 2001 at age 82. She spent her last night writing letters to Congressmen in support of protecting the Arctic National

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title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 Wildlife Refuge from oil drilling. Her life spanned an important part of Alaska's history. <mask> was a cornerstone of the conservation movement in Alaska. Her legacy can be shown through her work with the ACS and ACF. <mask>'s list of accomplishments and her lasting legacy are affirmations that she was an effective leader for over 50 years.In a final radio interview, two weeks prior to her passing, she gave some advice to the future: "I think what I'd like to leave with people your age is the idea that change is possible, but you're going to have to put your energy into it… I'm past eighty and I'm not going to be the mover and shaker of this, but people like you are. And you're going to have to bite the bullet and decide what kind of world you want to live in." Conservation legacy
<mask> started the Alaska Conservation Foundation (ACF) in 1980, previously known as the Alaska Conservation Society (ACS). <mask> served on the board of trustees for more than 18 years. She spent her time growing the foundation, inspiring the next generation, and protecting the Alaskan wilderness. Shortly before her death, <mask> said "Change is possible, but you have to put your energy into it. You can’t expect me, I’m past 80, to be the mover and the shaker of this, but people like you are.And you’re going to have to bite the bullet and really decide what kind of world you want to live in." Rampart Dam
Soon after its formation, ACS found itself opposing two other major battles: Rampart Dam and Project Chariot. Rampart Dam, the first battle was over the proposal to build a dam on the Yukon

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Hunter
Celia Hunter
Hunter
Hunter


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 River at a location known as The Ramparts. The Rampart Dam would have created a lake 300 miles (480 km) long and affected climates and ecosystems clear into the Yukon Territories. As well as submerged numerous small villages, inundated millions of acres of rich waterfowl and wildlife habitat, and displaced large numbers of mammal populations. <mask>, Ginny Wood, and other ACS members worked diligently to expose the shortcomings of the proposal. Rampart Dam would have theoretically produced vast quantities of electrical power and involved the construction of a large aluminum processing complex in Southcentral Alaska to take advantage of the cheap power.Debates took place in Fairbanks and were largely attended by the public. Woods recalls <mask> talking about the economics of the project and not just about saving moose and ducks. By doing her homework, <mask> was successful in exposing common sense complications and problems with the proposal. Project Chariot
The second battle was known as Project Chariot, a proposal that involved shoreline blasting using a nuclear bomb to blast a harbor out of the northwest Arctic coast  south of Pt. Hope. Dr. Edward Teller and others from the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) had come to Alaska to convince residents that atomic power in the Arctic would bring a wealth of benefits to the state. He toured the state and convinced the Alaskan delegation and the Anchorage and Fairbanks Chambers of Commerce of the economic benefits that would result from a permanently open port at Point Hope.Academics at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks were

masks:
Celia Hunter
Hunter
Hunter


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts: not so easily convinced. The University's professors demanded to know how Dr. Teller and the AEC would identify the impacts of fallout from a nuclear explosion with no pre-blast knowledge of the land and its inhabitants. That was how they got the first Environmental Impact Statement investigation. This was ten years before the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) became law under President Nixon. It was discovered that AEC was more interested in experimenting with the blasts and with the radioactive fallout than Alaska's economic and social well-being, which led to the downfall of Project Chariot. The ACS became involved, and the March 1961 issue of the ACS News Bulletin explored the broader significance of Project Chariot. Data from dedicated University scientists like Dr. Leslie Viereck, Don Foote, and Dr. William Pruitt provided indisputable evidence for their case.<mask> wrote, "The consequences were laid out insofar as they could be known or calculated, and the price Alaska might have to pay in terms of having vast areas so contaminated they could not be utilized, was forecast." The ACS Bulletin was distributed widely in Washington, DC, and reprinted through other organizations such as the Sierra Club. Ginny Wood recalls the effectiveness of the networking: it soon brought the issue of Project Chariot to a national audience. Seeing the Sierra Club briefings, Secretary of Interior Stewart Udall became puzzled as to why the AEC did not go through him on the project and asked to be sent all the information that the Sierra Club was receiving. As a result, ACS


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 developed a direct line to the head of the Department of the Interior, effectively undermining Edward Teller and the AEC. While Project Chariot was never explicitly canceled and the AEC never admitted that the project was completely misguided and irresponsible, the proposal ceased to gain momentum. The truth of the devastation Project Chariot could have caused was finally realized."This is how close the US and Alaska came to having their own Chernobyl catastrophe and the perpetrators of the plot were government employees of the AEC and the Lawrence Radiation Lab - people so intent on their own narrow goals that they would willingly have sacrificed everything within northern Alaska to achieve them," <mask> explained. The disaster was not entirely averted. The battle that <mask> thought was being played out in the open was being played behind closed doors, as well. Before the AEC left Alaska, they imported several tons of radioactive waste and buried it in the vicinity of the proposed harbor site to examine how it disseminated through the ecosystem. <mask> talked about the findings in an interview with Hilary Hilscher, "they were turned down; they realized that they couldn't go ahead and make a nuclear blast because people were already loaded to the gills with the radioactivity. So what did they do but import a bunch of it and bury it and didn't tell anybody and now, 33 years later, it suddenly comes to light. I think those people were absolutely dastardly."Alaska Conservation Foundation's future
ACS took on many other battles utilizing both reactive and proactive

masks: Hunter Hunter Hunter


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts: strategies to protect Alaska's environment. They were instrumental in removing bounties on wolves, a fight that lasted nearly a decade. ACS fought the Susitna Dam project, similar to the Rampart Dam. They worked on community projects preserving open spaces in Fairbanks and were proponents of trail systems as well as alternative transportation. Residents in many Alaskan communities started local ACS chapters to fight issues in their own backyards. ACS chapters worked on their own issues and communicated through the News Bulletin. The organization grew and worked tirelessly for 20 years before finally dissolving.Woods, <mask>, and other leaders realized they no longer had the resources to run such a large organization. They ended the ACS and divided the money up for the Alaska Center for the Environment (ACE), Southeast Alaska Conservation Council (SEACC), and The Northern Alaska Environment Council (NAEC.) The women had established a strong conservation movement throughout Alaska to carry on with needed work. In 1969 <mask> was offered a position on the Governing Council of the Wilderness Society. In 1976 she was made president and later executive director. She was the first female to head a national environmental organization. In 1972, <mask> was nominated by Secretary of the Interior Rogers C.B.<mask> to sit on the Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission where she articulated the environmentalists' viewpoint. She worked with the Commission until it dissolved in 1980 with the passage of the Alaska National Interest Lands and Conservation Act. Even with her

masks: Hunter Hunter Hunter Morton


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 notoriety, <mask> did not stop looking for ways to further conservation in Alaska. In 1980, <mask> and Denny Wilcher started the Alaska Conservation Foundation (ACF) to bring more resources to the conservation movement in Alaska and to continue the statewide networking that had been started with ACS. <mask> served on the ACF Board of Trustees for over 18 years. She served on innumerable other boards including Alaska Natural History Assn., Nature Conservancy, Trustees for Alaska, and The Wilderness Society. Beginning in 1979, <mask> contributed a regular column to the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner offering an alternative voice with environmental and liberal themes to the community.In 1980 the Alaska National Interest Lands and Conservation Act (ANILCA) was passed, doubling the size of the Arctic National Wildlife Range and renaming it the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Mentorship

In the mid and late 1970s, while serving on the Joint Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission for Alaska (headquartered in Anchorage), <mask> became a magnet for mentoring young women arriving in Alaska from the southern states in search of both adventure and participation in one of America's landmark conservation episodes: the apportionment of then-undesignated federal lands into forms with protected status (national parks and national monuments) versus unprotected status (United States Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management), culminating in Congressional passage in 1980 of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act. Awards
In 1991 <mask> was conferred the highest award by the

masks:
Hunter
Celia Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Celia Hunter


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 Sierra Club, The John Muir Award, for a lifetime of dedicated conservation work, a distinguished record of achievement in national or international conservation causes. In 1998, <mask> was presented the highest award by the Wilderness Society, The Robert <mask> Award, for her long-term service to and notable influence upon conservation and the fostering of an American land ethic. In 2001, The Alaska Conservation Foundation presented <mask> and Ginny Wood with the first ever Lifetime Achievement Award, the cornerstone of the Alaska Conservation Hall of Fame. The ACF has an endowment fund named for <mask><mask>, that educates interested, young people for an environmental career. References

Books
Hammond, Jay.Tales of Alaska's Bush Rat Governor: The extraordinary autobiography of Jay Hammond, wilderness guide and reluctant politician. Epicenter Press: Seattle, Fairbanks, 1994
O'Neill, Dan. The Firecracker Boys. St. Martin's Griffin: New York, 1994

Articles
Bock, Wally. "What Do Great Leaders Do Differently?" Found on World Wide Web at  31 Dec 2000
Johnson, Susan. "<mask>: Portrait of an Activist."The Alaska Journal, Autumn 1979. <mask>, Debbie. "<mask>. Found on World Wide Web at  30 June 2002
O'Neill, Dan. "Bidding Farewell to 'a fine warrior.'" Fairbanks Daily News-Miner 09 Dec. 2001
Seifert, Richard D.  "<mask>: A Brief Biography." Ecology Hall of Fame.Found on WWW at 30 June 2002
Smetzer, <mask>. "Hundreds remember a 'tilter of windmills'." Fairbanks Daily News-Miner 10 Dec. 2001

Video tapes
Alaska Conservation Foundation (ACF):
"Lifetime Achievement Awards

masks:
Celia Hunter
Marshall
Celia Hunter
Celia M
. Hunter
Celia Hunter
Miller
Celia Hunter
Celia Hunter
Mary Beth


title: Celia M. Hunter

texts:
 Luncheon." 15 Aug. 2001
"Celia Hunter Anchorage Memorial Service." 27 Dec. 2001
"Touchstone: A Video Portrayal of the Grassroots Environmental Movement in Alaska." Other
 ACF. Celia M. <mask> Alaska Conservation Leadership Endowment Fund.2002
 <mask>, <mask>. "My Alaska: A Personal Encounter." Linfield College. The Jane Claire Dirks-Edmunds Endowed Ecology Lectureship. McMinnville Oregon, 6 Oct. 1997. "Quaker FAQs." Religious Society of Friends.Found on WWW at  1 July 2002
 ACF. Jessica Wiles. "<mask>. <mask>, Life and Leadership." date unknown

1919 births
2001 deaths
American environmentalists
American women environmentalists
Aviators from Alaska
People from Denali Borough, Alaska
People from Fairbanks, Alaska
People from Arlington, Washington
Sierra Club awardees
Women Airforce Service Pilots personnel
American

masks:
Hunter
Hunter
Celia
Celia M
Hunter


title: Anna Binder-Urbanová

texts:
<mask> (21 June 1912 - 16 May 2004) was a lecturer in modern philosophy and philology. She was recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations due to her activities in World War II. During the Holocaust she helped smuggle Jews who had worked in the underground, and rescued several Jewish women from the Auschwitz extermination camp. Early life

<mask> was born on June 21, 1912 in Česke Budĕjovice in the South Bohemian Region, to a German-Czech family. She graduated from a German real gymnasium in 1931. Due to the deteriorating financial situation of her family, she was unable to continue her studies at the university and began earning a living by teaching private language lessons. In 1936, she was hired by the Czechoslovakian Foreign Ministry, thanks to her knowledge of many foreign languages (English, French and Italian), in addition to her two native languages - Czech and German.This job gave her the right to hold a diplomatic passport. At the end of 1938, she was dismissed from her government workplace and began making a living from private language lessons for refugees who had found temporary retreat in Czechoslovakia, including Jews. Activities during WWII to rescue Jews
Binder-Urbanová, who was interested in philology, literature, music and art, was suddenly confronted with the racism and the violence of WWII. She gave her passport, which she had received from the Czechoslovakian Foreign Ministry, to people who worked in the underground along with her Aryan lineage certificate, which she had obtained specifically for this purpose. She hid Jewish fortunes and helped transfer them abroad. Among others she transferred jewels of one of

masks:
Anna Binder Urbanová
Anna Binder Urbanová


title: Ratimir Martinović

texts:
<mask> (, ) is a Montenegrin pianist. Biography
<mask> was born in Kotor, Montenegro, then Yugoslavia, where he completed the elementary music school; he continued his education in Novi Sad at the Isidor Bajić Music school and at the Academy of Art in the class of the world-renowned pianist Kemal Gekić. He graduated in 1999 playing in
one night Bach's »Goldberg Variations«, Beethoven's »Hammerklavier« Sonata, Chopin's Four Ballades, and Prokofiev's Toccata to great critical acclaim. He received his master's degree in 2002, playing an all Bach program. At present, <mask> works at the Academy of Arts, as the youngest piano professor. He has had advanced studies with well-known pedagogues and pianists such as Karl-Heinz Kämmerling, Hiroko Nakamura, Jacques Rouvier, Arie Vardi, Sergio Perticaroli, Arbo Valdma, Alexei Nasedkin, Jelena Richter, Victor Liadov and Marian Ribicky. He has performed in over 350 recitals, chamber concerts, concertos with orchestra.He played in all major domestic concert halls such as the Sava centar, Kolarac Memorial Hall, the Montenegrin National Theater, the Novi Sad Synagogue, the Serbian National Theatre, Subotica Town Hall, as well as on podiums in Rome (Sala Baldini), Salzburg (Leopold Mozart Hall), Bonn, London (St. James Picadilly, St. John's Smith Square), Taipei (Small Hall of the National Theater), Miami (FIU Great Hall),  Helsinki (Sibelius Academy Hall), Warsaw, Hamamatsu, Paris (UNESCO hall),  Helsingborg (Great hall of Helsingborg Symphony Orchestra), Cologne (Deutsche Welle Hall), Zagreb (Lisinski Hall), Luxembourg (Auditoire Banque de Luxembourg), Turku and elsewhere. <mask> plays as soloist with

masks:
Ratimir Martinović
Martinović
Martinović
Martinović


title: Ratimir Martinović

texts:
 1993
 First Prize, International Frederic Chopin Piano Competition, Taipei, 1996
 Two Special Prizes (awarded by the president of the jury),
for a compulsory author and a performance of Chopin’s works, Taipei, 1996
 First Prize, The “FLAME” International Competition, Paris, 1997
 Fourth Prize, Bronze Medal, South Missouri International Piano Competition, Joplin, USA, 1994
 Special prize from the University of Novi Sad, for outstanding talent, 1997, 1998
 Prize for the »Most promissin young artist of the year«, (ZAMTES) Montenegro, 1999

Discography
Debut recording (Bach/Tausig, Mozart, Chopin, Brahms,  Prokofiev) (2001)
Bach (Goldberg variations BWV 988)
Skryabin Concerto F Sharp Minor and Tchaikovsky Concerto No. 2  G major op.44
Mendelssohn:
Concerto  G Minor
Concerto   A Minor (for string orchestra)
Concerto for piano, violin and string orchestraHe has recorded for Radio Television of Montenegro, Radio Television of Serbia, POLTEL(Poland), Deutsche Welle (Germany), NHK (Japan), SVT (Sweden), Luxembourg Television, HRT (Croatia), Radio Slovenia and Radio Romania. He has recorded two CDs, one with the works by Bach/Tausing, Mozart, Chopin, Brahms, Prokofiev and the »Goldberg variations«. <mask> initiated a successful collaboration with the TV director Misko Milojevic in the field of visualisation of classical music opening  new dimensions of visual and multimedial interpretation of music. To date, he has made seven video-clips (Ginastera, Prokofiev, Chopin, Rachmaninoff, Bach, Brahms, Ravel) produced by Radio Television Montenegro and Radio Television Serbia, broadcast with great success, so far, in Serbia, The Czech Republic,


title: Ratimir Martinović

texts:
 Canada, Bulgaria, Tunisia. In 2006 a DVD with all 7 classical music spots will be released by KotorArt Production. Five documentary movies have been recorded about his work, of which the last one, »The Heaven And Soul« has won first prize in the International TV Festival in Albena, Bulgaria in 2004, and was officially the »Best musical TV production in 2004.« in Radio-Television Serbia. <mask> made his conducting debut in 2001. with the Novi Sad Chamber Orchestra, conducting Symphonies by Haydn and Mozart and playing and conducting the Mozart Piano Concerto F Major KV 459.<mask> <mask> is the founder and Artistic director of KotorArt Music festival, held every year in Kotor, Montenegro,  bringing to this medieval town ensembles such as the Zagreb Philharmonic, the Vojvodina Symphony, the Split Chamber Orchestra, “LADO” and soloist and teachers such as Mikhail Voskresensky, Aleksandar Madzar, Konstantin Bogino, Grigory Zhislin, Itamar Golan, Lovro Pogorelich, Francesco Libetta, and many others. »The ideal combination of intellect, technique and passion, refinement of touch, perfect technique, concentration and control, exceptional dynamic potential, original ideas and unconventional interpretation« give <mask> <mask>, by the critics' words, one of the leading places among pianists of the younger generation''. <mask> is President of EPTA Montenegro (European Piano Teachers Association). External links
Official website
Mp3 files (mp3 format)
Video clips

Living people
People from Kotor
Serbian classical pianists
Montenegrin classical pianists
University of Novi Sad alumni
21st-century classical pianists
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Martinović Ratimir Martinović Ratimir Martinović Martinović


title: David Livingstone

texts:
<mask>  (; 19 March 1813 – 1 May 1873) was a Scottish physician, Congregationalist, and pioneer Christian missionary with the London Missionary Society, an explorer in Africa, and one of the most popular British heroes of the late 19th-century Victorian era. He had a mythic status that operated on a number of interconnected levels: Protestant missionary martyr, working-class "rags-to-riches" inspirational story, scientific investigator and explorer, imperial reformer, anti-slavery crusader, and advocate of British commercial and colonial expansion. Livingstone's fame as an explorer and his obsession with learning the sources of the Nile River was founded on the belief that if he could solve that age-old mystery, his fame would give him the influence to end the East African Arab–Swahili slave trade. "The Nile sources", he told a friend, "are valuable only as a means of opening my mouth with power among men. It is this power [with] which I hope to remedy an immense evil." His subsequent exploration of the central African watershed was the culmination of the classic period of European geographical discovery and colonial penetration of Africa. At the same time, his missionary travels, "disappearance", and eventual death in Africaand subsequent glorification as a posthumous national hero in 1874led to the founding of several major central African Christian missionary initiatives carried forward in the era of the European "Scramble for Africa".Early life

Livingstone was born on 19 March 1813 in the mill town of Blantyre, Scotland, in a tenement building for the workers of a cotton factory on the banks of the River Clyde under the bridge


title: David Livingstone

texts: crossing into Bothwell. He was the second of seven children born to <mask> (1788–1856) and his wife Agnes (née Hunter; 1782–1865). According to Scottish literary scholar Ronald Black, the poet <mask>, an anti-racist and anti-colonialist poet and major figure in 20th-century Scottish Gaelic literature, grew up being told that his grandfather, <mask>, was <mask>'s uncle. <mask> was employed at the age of ten in the cotton mill of Henry Monteith & Co. in Blantyre Works. He and his brother John worked twelve-hour days as piecers, tying broken cotton threads on the spinning machines. <mask> was a Sunday school teacher and teetotaller who handed out Christian tracts on his travels as a door-to-door tea salesman. He read books on theology, travel, and missionary enterprises extensively.This rubbed off on the young <mask>, who became an avid reader, but he also loved scouring the countryside for animal, plant, and geological specimens in local limestone quarries. Neil feared that science books were undermining Christianity and attempted to force his son to read nothing but theology, but <mask>'s deep interest in nature and science led him to investigate the relationship between religion and science. In 1832, he read Philosophy of a Future State, written by Thomas Dick, and he found the rationale that he needed to reconcile faith and science and, apart from the Bible, this book was perhaps his greatest philosophical influence. Other significant influences in his early life was Thomas Burke, a Blantyre evangelist, and <mask>, his Sunday school teacher. At age fifteen, <mask> left the Church of Scotland for a local Congregational church,

masks:
Neil Livingstone
Duncan Livingstone
Alexander Livingstone
David Livingstone
David
Neil Livingstone
David
David
David Hogg
David


title: David Livingstone

texts:
 the age of 60 in Chief Chitambo's village at Chipundu, southeast of Lake Bangweulu, in present-day Zambia, from malaria and internal bleeding due to dysentery. Led by his loyal attendants Chuma and Susi, his expedition arranged funeral ceremonies.They removed his heart and buried it under a tree near the spot where he died, which has been identified variously as a mvula tree or a baobab tree but is more likely to be a mpundu tree, as baobabs are found at lower altitudes and in more arid regions. That site, now known as the <mask> Memorial, lists his date of death as 4 May, the date reported (and carved into the tree's trunk) by Chuma and Susi; but most sources consider 1 May—the date of Livingstone's final journal entry—as the correct one. The expedition led by Chuma and Susi then carried the rest of his remains, together with his last journal and belongings, on a journey that took 63 days to the coastal town of Bagamoyo, a distance exceeding . Seventy-nine followers completed the journey, the men were paid their due wages, and Livingstone's remains were returned by ship to Britain for burial. In London, his body lay in repose at No.1 Savile Row, then the headquarters of the Royal Geographical Society, prior to interment at Westminster Abbey. Livingstone and slavery

While talking about the slave trade in East Africa in his journals:

Livingstone wrote about a group of slaves forced to march by Arab slave traders in the African Great Lakes region when he was travelling there in 1866:

He also described:

Livingstone's letters, books, and journals did stir up public support for the abolition of slavery; however, he became dependent


title: David Livingstone

texts: group. This group and the medical missionaries it sponsored came to have major, positive impact on the people of Africa. Livingstone made geographical discoveries for European knowledge. He inspired abolitionists of the slave trade, explorers, and missionaries.He opened up Central Africa to missionaries who initiated the education and healthcare for Africans, and trade by the African Lakes Company. He was held in some esteem by many African chiefs and local people and his name facilitated relations between them and the British. Partly as a result, within 50 years of his death, colonial rule was established in Africa, and white settlement was encouraged to extend further into the interior. However, what Livingstone envisaged for "colonies" was not what we now know as colonial rule, but rather settlements of dedicated Christian Europeans who would live among the people to help them work out ways of living that did not involve slavery. Livingstone was part of an evangelical and nonconformist movement in Britain which during the 19th century helped change the national mindset from the notion of a divine right to rule 'lesser races', to more modernly ethical ideas in foreign policy. The <mask> Livingstone Centre in Blantyre celebrates his life and is based in the house in which he was born, on the site of the mill in which he started his working life. His Christian faith is evident in his journal, in which one entry reads: "I place no value on anything I have or may possess, except in relation to the kingdom of Christ.If anything will advance the interests of the kingdom, it shall be given away or kept, only as by giving or keeping it I


title: David Livingstone

texts:
 shall promote the glory of Him to whom I owe all my hopes in time and eternity." According to Alvyn Austin in 1997:
During the anti-colonial 1960s, Livingstone was debunked: he made only one certified convert, who later backslid; he explored few areas not already traveled by others; he freed few slaves; he treated his colleagues horribly; he traveled with Arab slave traders; his family life was in shambles—in short, to many he embodied the "White Man's Burden" mentality. Nonetheless, at a time when countries are being renamed and statues are being toppled, Livingstone has not fallen. Despite modern Africans' animosity toward other Europeans, such as Cecil Rhodes, Livingstone endures as a heroic legend. Rhodesia has long since purged its name, but the cities of Livingstone (Zambia) and Livingstonia (Malawi) keep the explorer's appellation with pride. In 2002, <mask> was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote. Family life

While Livingstone had a great impact on British imperialism, he did so at a tremendous cost to his family.In his absences, his children grew up missing their father, and his wife Mary (daughter of Mary and Robert Moffat), whom he married in 1845, endured very poor health, and died of malaria on 27 April 1862. He had six children:

 Robert died in the American Civil War; He took the name Rupert Vincent and was the substitute for Horace Heath, and took his place in Company H of the 3rd New Hampshire Volunteers. Robert ended up being captured and he died at the Salisbury POW camp in North Carolina. Agnes (born 1847 or 1857, died 1912; married A.L. Bruce, a wealthy Scottish brewery executive.)


title: David Livingstone

texts:
 Thomas, died in Egypt in 1876 at the age of 27 from bilharzia, a disease he contracted as a child living in Africa. Elizabeth (who died at two months)
 William Oswell (nicknamed Zouga because of the river along which he was born, in 1851; died in 1892 in Trinidad where he practiced medicine.)Anna Mary (born 1858, died 1939)

Only Agnes, William Oswell and Anna Mary married and had children. His one regret in later life was that he did not spend enough time with his children. Archives
The archives of <mask> are maintained by the Archives of the University of Glasgow (GUAS). On 11 November 2011, Livingstone's 1871 Field Diary, as well as other original works, was published online for the first time by the David Livingstone Spectral Imaging Project. Papers relating to Livingstone's time as a London Missionary Society missionary (including hand-annotated maps of South East Africa) are held by the Archives of the School of Oriental and African Studies. Digital archives unifying these and other sources are made publicly available by the Livingstone Online project at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Place names and other memorials

Africa

 The Livingstone Memorial in Ilala, Zambia marks where <mask>e died
 The city of Livingstone, Zambia, which includes a memorial in front of the Livingstone Museum and a new statue erected in 2005.The Rhodes–Livingstone Institute in Livingstone and Lusaka, Zambia, 1940s to 1970s, was a pioneering research institution in urban anthropology. David Livingstone Teachers' Training College, Livingstone, Zambia. The <mask> Memorial statue at Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, erected in 1934 on the western bank of

masks:
David Livingstone
David Livingston
David Livingstone


title: David Livingstone

texts:
 the falls. quoted 1954 which is wrong. The statue was unveiled on 5 August 1934
 A new statue of <mask> was erected in November 2005 on the Zambian side of Victoria Falls. A plaque was unveiled in November 2005 at Livingstone Island on the lip of Victoria Falls marking where Livingstone stood to get his first view of the falls. Livingstone Hall, Men's Hall of residence at Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.The town of Livingstonia, Malawi. The city of Blantyre, Malawi is named after Livingstone's birthplace in Scotland, and includes a memorial. The <mask>e Scholarships for students at the University of Malawi, funded through Strathclyde University, Scotland. The David Livingstone Clinic was founded by the University of Strathclyde's Millennium Project in Lilongwe, Malawi. The Kipengere Range in south-west Tanzania at the north-eastern end of Lake Malawi is also called the Livingstone Mountains. Livingstone Falls on the River Congo, named by Stanley. The Livingstone Inland Mission, a Baptist mission to the Congo Free State 1877–1884, located in present-day Kinshasa, Zaire.A memorial in Ujiji commemorates his meeting with Stanley. The Livingstone–Stanley Monument in Mugere (present-day Burundi) marks a spot that Livingstone and Stanley visited on their exploration of Lake Tanganyika, mistaken by some as the first meeting place of the two explorers. Scottish Livingstone Hospital in Molepolole 50 km west of Gaborone, Botswana
 There is a memorial to Livingstone at the ruins of the Kolobeng Mission, 40 km west of Gaborone, Botswana. The church tower of the Holy Ghost Mission (Roman Catholic) in Bagamoyo, Tanzania, is sometimes called

masks:
David Livingstone
David Livingston


title: David Livingstone

texts:
 "Livingstone Tower" as Livingstone's body was laid down there for one night before it was shipped to London. Livingstone House in Stone Town, Zanzibar, provided by the Sultan for Livingstone's use, January to March 1866, to prepare his last expedition; the house was purchased by the Zanzibar government in 1947. Plaque commemorating his departure from Mikindani (present-day Tanzania) on his final expedition on the wall of the house that has been built over the house he reputedly stayed in. <mask>e Primary School in Salisbury, Rhodesia (present-day Harare, Zimbabwe).Dr Livingstone Primary School in Nairobi, Kenya. <mask>e Secondary School in Ntabazinduna about 40 km from Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. <mask>e Senior Secondary School in Schauderville, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. Livingstone House in Harare, Zimbabwe, designed by Leonora Granger. Livingstone House, Achimota School, Ghana (boys' boarding house). Livingstone Street, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. <mask>e Museum in Sangwali, north-eastern Namibia.Livingstone stayed at Sangwali in the 1850s before travelling further north. Livingstone Kolobeng College, a private secondary school in Gaborone, Botswana. Livingstone Hospital, Port Elizabeth, South Africa. New Zealand
Livingstone Street in Westmere, Auckland
Livingstone Road in Flaxmere, Hastings

Scotland

 The <mask> Birthplace Museum in Blantyre, South Lanarkshire, is a museum in his honour, operated by the <mask>e Trust. <mask>e Memorial Primary School in Blantyre. <mask>e Memorial Church of the Church of Scotland in Blantyre. A statue of Livingstone in Cathedral Square, Glasgow.A statue of Livingstone in Princes Street Gardens,

masks:
David Livingston
David Livingston
David Livingston
David Livingston
David Livingstone
David Livingston
David Livingston
David Livingston


title: David Livingstone

texts:
 Edinburgh. A bust of Livingstone is among those of famous Scotsmen in the Wallace Monument near Stirling. Strathclyde University, Glasgow (which evolved from Anderson's University, later the Royal College of Science and Technology), commemorates him in the David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability and the Livingstone Tower where there is a statue of him in the building's foyer. The <mask> Livingstone Room in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. A portrait of Livingstone by Thomas Annan (a photograph painted over in oils) hangs outside the room. The <mask> (Anderson College) Memorial Prize in Physiology commemorates him at the University of Glasgow. Livingstone Place, a street in the Marchmont neighbourhood of Edinburgh.Livingstone Street in Addiewell. A memorial plaque commemorating the centenary of Livingstone's birth was dedicated in St. James's Congregational Church in Hamilton, the church he attended as a boy. Livingstone lived at 17 Burnbank Road in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, for a short time in 1862. The house still stands and has a memorial plaque outside. He was awarded the Freedom of the Town of Hamilton. London
 A statue of <mask> stands in a niche on the outer wall of the Royal Geographical Society on Kensington Gore, London, looking out across Kensington Gardens. It was unveiled in 1953.Livingstone is one of the four houses at Eltham College. Canada
 The Livingstone Range of mountains in southern Alberta. <mask>e Elementary School, Vancouver. <mask>e Community School, Winnipeg. Bronze bust in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Gold bust in the city of Borden, Ontario. Livingstone Avenue in Barrie,

masks:
David
David Livingstone
David Livingstone
David Livingston
David Livingston


title: David Livingstone

texts:
 Ontario.Livingstone Street, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. United States
 The town of Livingston, California
 Livingstone College, Salisbury, North Carolina. Livingstone Adventist Academy, Salem, Oregon. Livingston Falls, Busch Gardens, Tampa Bay

South America
The Livingstone Healthservice in Jardín América, Misiones, Argentina is named in his honour. Banknotes
In 1971–1998 Livingstone's image was portrayed on £10 notes issued by the Clydesdale Bank. He was originally shown surrounded by palm tree leaves with an illustration of African tribesmen on the back. A later issue showed Livingstone against a background graphic of a map of Livingstone's Zambezi expedition, showing the River Zambezi, Victoria Falls, Lake Nyasa and Blantyre, Malawi; on the reverse, the African figures were replaced with an image of Livingstone's birthplace in Blantyre, Scotland.Science
The following species have been named in honour of <mask>e:
 Livingston's cichlid, Nimbochromis livingstonii
 Livingstone's eland, Taurotragus oryx livingstonii
 Livingstone's fruit bat, Pteropus livingstonii

The mineral livingstonite is named in his honor. It was described in 1874 from Mexico. Portrayal in film and books
 Livingstone has been portrayed by M.A. Wetherell in Livingstone (1925), Percy Marmont in <mask>e (1936), Sir Cedric Hardwicke in Stanley and Livingstone (1939), Bernard Hill in Mountains of the Moon (1990) and Sir Nigel Hawthorne in the TV movie Forbidden Territory (1997). Marvel Comics' The Young Allies #2 featured an explorer named "<mask>" who discovered a new territory he dubbed "New America" and claimed it for the United States. Bucky

masks:
David Livingston
David Livingston
Martin Livingstone