title: Zhuge Zhan

texts: realised the danger of letting the enemy in, Jiang Wei and his comrades were still stuck at Jiange. As he knew that Jiange was well-defended, <mask> <mask> did not send reinforcements there and instead held his position in Fu County. When the Wei general Deng Ai suddenly appeared in Jiangyou (江由) with his troops after taking a dangerous shortcut across mountainous terrain, the official in charge of Jiangyou surrendered without putting up a fight.Huang Chong, a son of Huang Quan, had urged <mask> <mask> on numerous occasions to move quickly and seize control of advantageous terrain before Deng Ai did. <mask> <mask>, however, deemed Huang Chong's plan too ambitious and adopted a more "cautious" approach instead. When Huang Chong repeatedly urged him to attack Deng Ai, <mask> <mask> relented and tentatively sent a vanguard force to attack the enemy, which defeated them. <mask> <mask> then left Fu County for the better fortified Mianzhu, where he planned to make a last stand against Deng Ai. When Deng Ai besieged <mask> <mask> at Mianzhu, he offered the latter a chance to surrender and promised to recommend to the Wei government to enfeoff <mask> <mask> as the Prince of Langye if he surrendered. However, <mask> <mask> refused, had Deng Ai's messenger executed, and ordered his troops to prepare for battle outside the pass. He supposedly arranged his troops in the Eight Trigrams Formation invented by his father.At the time, there were other notable Shu figures with <mask> <mask> at Mianzhu, including <mask> (張遵; a grandson of <mask>), Li Qiu (李球; an imperial guard commander), Huang Chong, as well as <mask> <mask>'s eldest son <mask> Shang. After Huang Chong gave a speech to the Shu soldiers to boost their morale, both sides engaged in battle. Deng Ai ordered his son Deng Zhong (鄧忠) and another officer Shi Zuan (師纂) to flank <mask> <mask>'s

masks:
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Zhan
Zhuge
Zhan
Zhuge
Zhan
Zhuge
Zhan
Zhuge
Zhan
Zhuge
Zhan
Zhuge
Zhan
Zhuge
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Zhuge
Zhan
Zhang Zun
Zhang Fei
Zhuge
Zhan
Zhuge
Zhuge
Zhan


title: Zhuge Zhan

type: original

texts:
 position. They moved to the formation's left and right but the Shu forces intercepted them and drove them back; only Deng Ai's central force remained intact. When Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan complained that there was no way to break the formation and suggested that they retreat, Deng Ai angrily said that they must win if they wanted to live another day, and even threatened to execute anyone who spoke of retreat. Deng Zhong and Shi Zuan then led their men to attack the Shu formation again and succeeded in breaking it. <mask> <mask>, <mask> Shang, <mask>, Li Qiu, Huang Chong and other Shu officers were killed in action.In Romance of the Three Kingdoms
In the 14th-century historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which romanticises the events before and during the Three Kingdoms period, the writer Luo Guanzhong depicts the ill-fated defence of Chengdu in a dramatic fashion. When the Shu emperor Liu Shan sought <mask> <mask>'s opinion on how to drive the Wei invaders, <mask> <mask> thought of dressing up as his deceased father to scare away the enemy. His ruse worked initially as the Wei soldiers panicked and scattered upon thinking that <mask> Liang had returned from the dead. However, Deng Ai quickly pointed out that it was someone pretending to be <mask> Liang and ordered his troops to regroup and attack. <mask> <mask> died at the Battle of Mianzhu along with his eldest son <mask> Shang, Huang Chong and others while helplessly outnumbered by Deng Ai's forces. See also
 Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms

Notes

References

 Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi). Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu). 227 births
263 deaths
Shu Han generals
Shu Han politicians
Three Kingdoms people

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Zhang Zun
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title: Jed Steer

texts:
<mask> (born 23 September 1992) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Luton Town on loan from  club Aston Villa. <mask> joined Villa from his hometown club Norwich City on 1 July 2013, after beginning his playing career with the Canaries. He has also played on loan for Yeovil Town, Cambridge United, Doncaster Rovers and Charlton Athletic, as well as England at under-16, under-17 and under-19 level. He is also eligible to represent Scotland. Early life
Born in Norwich, Norfolk, <mask> signed his first professional contract on his 17th birthday. He was first named as a substitute for the FA Cup Second Round tie against Carlisle United in the 2009–10 season. <mask> played a vital role in the 2010–11 FA Youth Cup; in the Third Round, he saved a penalty in the last minute against Charlton Athletic to ensure Norwich won the game 1–0. His coach Ricky Martin said after the game;

"He's probably the best under-18 goalkeeper in the country, If ever you wanted somebody in goal <mask>'s the one and he stepped up and made a fantastic save." He made his first-team debut on 28 January 2012, in a fourth round FA Cup 2–1 victory against West Bromwich Albion. Yeovil Town (loan)
In July 2011, Yeovil Town confirmed that <mask> had joined them on a three-month loan deal. <mask> made his first senior appearance and Football League debut in the opening game of the 2011–12 Football League One season in which Yeovil lost 2–0 away to Brentford.He returned to Norwich on 13 October after suffering a thigh injury. Cambridge United (loan)
<mask> joined Cambridge United on a one-month loan deal on 9 November 2012, until 8 December 2012. Aston Villa
On 26 June 2013, Aston Villa announced that they would sign <mask> on 1 July when he became a free agent. The deal went forward according to plan. Villa gave him the number 13 shirt, replacing Shay Given and therefore securing the No.2 spot. He played in the League Cup 2nd round win

masks:
Jed John Steer
Steer
Steereer
Steer
Jed
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer


title: Jed Steer

texts:
 against Rotherham United 3 – 0, keeping a clean sheet. He also kept a clean sheet in Villa's 1–0 pre-season victory over MLS side Houston Dynamo on 26 July 2014.On 24 May 2015, <mask> made his Premier League debut for Villa in a 0–1 loss against Burnley. Doncaster Rovers (loan)
After the departure of Ross Turnbull to league counterparts Barnsley, Doncaster Rovers signed <mask> on a three-month loan deal on 1 August 2014. On 31 October 2014, <mask>'s loan ended after 17 appearances in all competitions, recording six clean sheets. Yeovil Town (loan)
On 31 October 2014, Yeovil Town re-signed <mask> on loan from Aston Villa until 31 January 2015. Huddersfield Town (loan)
On 11 September 2015, <mask> joined Championship side Huddersfield Town on a one-month loan. He made his début the next day in Town's 2–0 loss against Cardiff City. He played on loan for 2 months, before returning to Villa, but then he returned for another month from 26 November 2015.After that was completed on 26 December, he returned to Villa, but when the Winter transfer window opened, he returned to Huddersfield for the remainder of the season. Charlton Athletic (loan)
On 10 August 2018, <mask> joined League One side Charlton Athletic on a season-long loan. <mask> was recalled by Aston Villa on Monday 31 December 2018 due to an injury to Orjan Nyland. Return to Villa
<mask> was recalled to cover for Villa's new signing Lovre Kalinić after Orjan Nyland was injured, but following an injury to Kalinic during a match against West Brom, <mask> was subbed on at halftime. He then started the following match against Stoke City, and his impressive performance meant that he continued to play the next match against Derby, despite Kalinic returning from injury, before retaining his place in Villa's following match, the Second City Derby against Birmingham City. <mask>'s good performances continued, and he quickly became first-choice keeper for Dean Smith, which saw <mask>

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Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer
Jed Steer
Jed Steer
Steer
Steer
Steer


title: Jed Steer

texts:
 become part of a record-breaking ten-league-game winning streak for Aston Villa. <mask> starred in Aston Villa's Championship play-offs semi-final win against West Bromwich Albion, saving two penalties from Mason Holgate and Ahmed Hegazi in a 4–3 shoot-out win to help send Aston Villa to the play-off finals for a second consecutive year.Luton Town (loan)
On 31 January 2022, <mask> again returned to the Championship on loan, joining Luton Town on loan until the end of the 2021–22 season. He made his debut on 5 February, keeping a clean sheet in a 3–0 away victory over Cambridge United in the FA Cup. International career
As well as England eligibility through his birth in Norwich, he is able to represent Scotland through his mother's side of the family. He made his youth international début in October 2007 for the England U16s as his side lifted the Sky Sports Victory Shield, and were champions of the Montaigu Tournament in which <mask> produced the match-winning penalty save. In August 2008, he was called up for the England U17, aged 15, for friendly matches against Italy, Portugal and Israel. He made his England U17 debut against Armenia in October 2008. They went on to qualify for the UEFA European Under-17 Football Championship but very much under achieved and failed to qualify for the FIFA U-17 World Cup.<mask> made his England U19 debut against Cyprus in October 2010, keeping a clean sheet and saving a penalty in the process. Career statistics

Honours
Aston Villa
EFL Championship play-offs: 2019

References

External links

1992 births
Living people
Footballers from Norwich
English footballers
England youth international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Norwich City F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Aston Villa F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Huddersfield Town A.F.C.players
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier

masks: Steer Steer Steer Steer


title: Kenna

texts:
<mask>n, known professionally as <mask>, is an American musician, philanthropist and technology creative. His track "Say Goodbye to Love" was nominated for Best Urban/Alternative Performance in the 2009 Grammy Awards. <mask> is the founder and producer of the Summit on the Summit clean water initiative, and also partnered with Justin Timberlake to re-imagine the social network Myspace before its purchase by Time Inc. Personal life
<mask> was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where he was raised by his grandfather for the first three years of his life. His parents had escaped persecution and immigrated to England and later America; Kenna reunited with them in Cincinnati, Ohio when he was three years old. He was later raised in Virginia Beach, Virginia, attending school with friends and eventual career-long collaborators Chad Hugo and Pharrell Williams. Kenna began to express an interest in music upon receiving a copy of U2's The Joshua Tree.The album inspired Kenna to teach himself piano while studying singers like Stevie Wonder and Marvin Gaye, as well as groups like The Cure and Duran Duran. Breaking into the music scene at such a young age and at an interesting time in pop history, Kenna met some of music's biggest names including Whitney Houston, Babyface, Blackstreet, Teddy Riley and Michael Jackson. Career

New Sacred Cow
With the release of his first single in 2001, "Hell Bent", Kenna gained moderate popularity and an underground following of fans who eagerly awaited the release of his debut album, New Sacred Cow. After many delays and swapping of record labels, the album was finally released under the Sony imprint Flawless in 2003. A

masks:
Kenna Zemedku
Kenna
Kenna
Kenna


title: Kenna

texts:
 subsequent North American tour was launched in the Summer of 2003 with Depeche Mode front man Dave Gahan. The album, which was co-produced by Chad Hugo of The Neptunes, contained elements of electronica, synthpop, post-rock, and house music. Two singles, "Sunday After You" and "Freetime" followed the release of the album; the music video of the latter, along with "Hell Bent", appeared sporadically on MTV2."Freetime" reached #19 on the U.S. Dance charts. In Malcolm Gladwell's book Blink, which is about the way people judge and make decisions in their lives, a portion of one chapter focuses on the stops and starts and difficulties that Kenna experienced in getting his music accepted by the general public, despite the tremendous reception and enthusiasm that music executives, other musicians and a small, loyal fan base had when they heard his music. Make Sure They See My Face
Kenna's second album, entitled Make Sure They See My Face, also co-produced by Hugo, was written over the course of three years, finishing in early 2007. The album was originally set to be released on June 5, 2007, then pushed back to June 19, 2007, finally being released on October 16, 2007. <mask>, in an interview with Vibe magazine, cited the reason for delays as being over the video for the album's debut single. The inspiration for the album came from Kenna's attempt to climb Mount Kilimanjaro, the title, inspired from phone calls by Pharrell asking Kenna; "are you going to make sure they see your face?". Kenna's climb took him to 18,200 feet before he fell ill from taking a sulfur-based altitude medicine, to which he had an unknown allergy.On October 23, 2007, the


title: Kenna

texts:
 album debuted at #1 on the Billboard Top 20 Heatseekers Chart. An unrelated song from his second album, "Face the Gun", was released to appease his waiting fans, and initially was not to appear on Make Sure They See My Face, missing from early promos of the album. Ultimately, it was included in the final track listing. <mask> released a track from the album, entitled "Better Wise Up", in time for the Super Bowl; this track can be found on his MySpace page, as well. A remix of "Better Wise Up" featuring Audio Imagery has been circulating the internet since August 2007. There has been no official word from Kenna or from his label about this remix. Land 2 Air Chronicles and Songs for Flight
On February 13, 2011, <mask> announced plans over Facebook and Twitter to release a series of 3 EPs with 3 songs each, titled the Land 2 Air Chronicles, which will serve as the "runway" to his third album to be titled Songs for Flight, described by Kenna as a "first ever musical journey."The first EP, titled Chaos and the Darkness, was scheduled to be released on March 8, preceded by the first single "Chains". The song was streamed on Kenna's official website on February 22. On March 4, it was announced that there had been an unfortunate technical failure with the hard drive that stored the majority of the files that made up the songs for the EP and the album. Kenna rerecorded and reproduced all the songs, reworking the concept for the entire series. Chaos and the Darkness was eventually released on April 26, 2011, with "Chains" being available as a single on iTunes & Amazon on March 8. The second volume of the Land 2 Air Chronicles series saw its release

masks: Kenna Kenna


title: Kenna

texts:
 spanning three EPs, titled Imitation is Suicide Chapter I, Chapter II and Chapter III, respectively. Four singles would accompany their release, including "Relations (An Ode To You And Me)", "Long Gone", "Love Is Still Alive" and "How Will It End?".All of them have an accompanying music video, with the exception of "How Will It End?". The video accompanying "Long Gone" was filmed in an Hitchcockian-style and also marks Kenna's directorial debut. It was released on MTV on October 17, 2012. Additionally, a remix to "Relations" featuring Childish Gambino was released on November 12, 2013. Kenna announced the third and final volume, to be called Genius. A demo of a track from the EP called "Something to Break" was streamed on Kenna's SoundCloud and social media pages. The first single from Songs for Flight, "Sleep When We Die", was released on July 15, 2015.It premiered on Zane Lowe's Beats 1 Radio show on Apple Music, and was subsequently released for digital download. Other works
On October 6, 2006, the world premiere of the song "Out of Control (State of Emotion)", from Kenna's EP entitled Black Goodbye Ride, was played on East Village Radio on Authentic Shit with Mark Ronson; it became available on iTunes on December 19, 2006. On July 7, 2007, <mask> opened the New Jersey portion of the Live Earth concert. He also toured with Nelly Furtado throughout various stops on her "Loose" tour. <mask> has also worked with Lupe Fiasco on the remix of "Say Goodbye to Love", and The Cool Kids on the remix of "Loose Wires." "Out of Control" appears in the soundtrack for the video games MLB 08 The Show and FIFA 08. <mask> and Chad Hugo produced the track

masks: Kenna Kenna Kenna


title: Kenna

texts:
 "Pretty Please" for JoJo's 2010 mixtape Can't Take That Away from Me.<mask> was also a featured celebrity in the HP You on You project advertisement. "Never Let Me Down", an unreleased track from the Make Sure They See My Face sessions, was released on the charity album Download to Donate for Haiti in 2010, in which the proceeds go to Music for Relief, Linkin Park's charity. This album also contains "Resurrection", a collaboration with Lupe Fiasco, which was accompanied by a music video. <mask> also appears along with Pharrell Williams in the music video for their collaboration with Clipse, "Life Change". In 2010, <mask> and Chad Hugo worked with Kid Cudi on a track unofficially titled "Capcom!" for a Street Fighter game. It was never officially released, but was streamed on the internet the following year.In 2013, <mask> released a cover of the U2 song "Gloria" to his SoundCloud and Myspace pages, as a way to reach out to Bono, one of his biggest musical influences. He received a call from Bono shortly thereafter. "Sleep When We Die" was used to promote the launch of the Flipagram app in July 2015. Other ventures

Summit on the Summit
When <mask> learned about the global water crisis affecting even his home village in Ethiopia, he decided to create the SUMMIT ON THE SUMMIT project, when he and friends Lupe Fiasco, Jessica Biel, Emile Hirsch and others climbed Mt. Kilimanjaro on January 7, 2010 to bring attention to the water crisis. The documentary on the climb aired on MTV on March 14, 2010. A new song called "Turn" was made available as a free download on his official MySpace for a limited time.It has since been released on the iTunes

masks: Kenna Kenna Kenna Kenna Kenna


title: Kenna

texts:
 Store on January 26, 2010. Proceeds from the sales of the track are donated to the SUMMIT ON THE SUMMIT project. Myspace
After some urging from friend and fellow musician Justin Timberlake, who also invested in the new Myspace, <mask> took a job as Chief Vision Officer in the company. Kenna was featured in the April 2013 Details Magazine issue as one of their 2013 "Digital Mavericks" entrepreneurs. Translator
<mask>'s strategic development company Translator serves as the umbrella for all of Kenna's endeavors, including his music, technology and philanthropic efforts. In March 2012, Translator in partnership with Myspace produced a successful outdoor concert featuring Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros and Mumford & Sons at the annual South by Southwest Festival in Austin, Texas. The event saw more than 12,000 attendees and 1.3 million livestream views on Myspace.<mask> continues to curate and consult on many projects in tandem with his own music endeavors. Discography

Studio albums
 New Sacred Cow (2003)
 Make Sure They See My Face (2007)

EPs
 The Black Goodbye EP (2007)
 Land 2 Air Chronicles I: Chaos and the Darkness (2011)
 Land 2 Air Chronicles II: Imitation Is Suicide Chapter 1 (2013)
 Land 2 Air Chronicles II: Imitation Is Suicide Chapter 2 (2013)
 Land 2 Air Chronicles II: Imitation Is Suicide Chapter 3 (2013)

Guest appearances

References

External links
 Official website

 Kenna interview by Pete Lewis, 'Blues & Soul' May 2008
 Interview with Kenna on public radio program The Sound of Young America
 Kenna interview at Silent Uproar
 Summit on the Summit
 Mutineer Magazine Interview With Kenna

1978 births
Living


title: Joe Lizura

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, April 4, 1961) is an American television meteorologist as well as an actor, spokesperson, author and television show developer, writer and producer. He is best known for his 17-year broadcasting tenure as a meteorologist for KNSD-TV the NBC owned and operated television station in San Diego, California. <mask> holds an American Meteorological Society Seal of Approval, #384  and began his television career as a weekend weathercaster at WANE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana in 1984. In 2007 <mask> began producing television shows and children's DVDs and CDs. He has written or co-written 6 full length kids’ DVDs of the band,The Jumpitz as well as 28 television episodes of the award-winning   bilingual television series Dos y Dos. In 2012, <mask> wrote and published a book designed to help organizations in their quest for television promotion, entitled  Television Promotion: How to Get Yourself, Your Business, or Your Organization Promoted on TV. Early years
<mask> was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey in 1961 and was raised in Piscataway, New Jersey.His elementary school years were spent at both Grandview Elementary School and Our Lady of Fatima Elementary School. His middle schools years were spent at Schor Middle School, and his high school years were spent at Piscataway High School where he graduated in 1979. <mask> enrolled in Rutgers University in 1979 as a double major. In 1984, <mask> received a Bachelor of Science degree in Atmospheric and Oceanic Science as well as a Bachelor of Arts degree in Communication and Human Relations. Life and career
In February 1985, <mask> began his broadcasting career as a weekend

masks:
Joe Lizura
Joseph Raymond Lizura
Joe Lizura
Lizura
Joe Lizura
Joe Lizura
Lizura
Lizura
Lizura


title: Joe Lizura

texts: weathercaster at the CBS affiliated WANE-TV in Fort Wayne, Indiana. Six months later, in the summer of 1985, <mask> began as the weekday evening weathercaster for WLOX-TV, the ABC affiliate in Biloxi, Mississippi  where he subsequently spent the next two years. While in Biloxi, <mask> was awarded the Mississippi Associated Press "Best Weathercaster" (1986) for outstanding broadcasting.In 1987, he moved from Biloxi, Mississippi to Sacramento, California and became the weekday morning weathercaster for the NBC affiliated KCRA-TV where he spent the next two years working on-air, public speaking, and assisting the Clean Air Partnership for the state of California. In June 1988, <mask> left KCRA and moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where he became the weekend weathercaster for WLWT-TV, the NBC affiliate, working alongside Jerry Springer who was the primary news anchor at that time. 12 months later, in 1989, <mask> was offered a weathercaster position in San Diego, California with NBC affiliate KNSD-TV,  which became the NBC owned and operated television station in 1996. <mask> worked on-air with KNSD-TV from 1989 to 2006. In 2007, <mask> began working as the morning weathercaster for KUSI-TV,  the independent television station in San Diego (2007–2011). While working as a television Weathercaster in San Diego, <mask> became interested in developing and producing television shows. During this time, <mask> was the head of three television show development companies: The Jumpitz Corporation (2007–2008), Latin American Multimedia Corporation (2008–2011), and the Allowance Media Group, Inc (2011–present).In 2007 and 2008 <mask> wrote and produced four

masks:
Lizura
Lizura
Lizura
Lizura
Lizura
Joe Lizura
Lizura
Lizura
Lizura


title: Joe Lizura

texts: full-length DVDs under "The Jumpitz" and "Los Jumpitz" label. From 2008 - 2011, while presiding as CEO of The Latin American Multimedia Corporation, <mask> co-wrote and produced 26 Television episodes of Dos y Dos, a children's educational Spanish/English bilingual show. "Dos y Dos" episodes can be seen airing in the U.S. on the Sorpresa  and the LATV networks. "Dos y Dos" aired internationally on Telemundo in Puerto Rico, ATB network in Bolivia, Panamericana TV in Peru, and Ecuavisa in Ecuador. In 2011, he founded Allowance Media Group to develop six new television pilots into production. In 2013, <mask> took on the responsibility of Executive Director for The Solar Alliance Foundation based in San Diego. <mask> is listed with BMI (Broadcast Music Incorporated) as a co-composer/co-songwriter for 146 songs.<mask> was a voting member of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (Grammys) from 2010 to 2011. <mask> has been active in supporting charitable groups and started "The Joe Lizura Charity Golf Classic" which raised $1,000,000 to benefit Rady Children's Hospital in San Diego (2002–2005). He has also supported the MS Society as Honorary Chairperson for the MS WALK from 1992 - 2005. In June 2002, <mask> was selected as the San Diego National Multiple Sclerosis Society's 2002 volunteer of the year. In January 2011, <mask> faced a misdemeanor charge of engaging in lewd conduct in public, as well as a misdemeanor count of indecent exposure, after two independent witnesses allegedly saw him deliberately exposed and masturbating in the window of a San Diego office building. <mask> plead guilty to the lewd conduct charge and was

masks:
Lizura
Joe Lizura
Joe Lizura
Lizura
Lizura
Joe Lizura
Lizura
Lizura


title: Billy Dean

texts:
<mask>. (born April 2, 1962) is an American country music singer and songwriter. He first gained national attention after appearing on the television talent competition Star Search. Active as a recording artist since 1990, he has recorded a total of eight studio albums (of which the first three have been certified gold by the RIAA) and a greatest hits package which is also certified gold. His studio albums have accounted for more than 20 hit singles on the Billboard country charts, including 11 Top Ten hits. In 2000, he had a Billboard Number one as a guest artist along with Alison Krauss on Kenny Rogers' "Buy Me a Rose", and had two Number Ones on the RPM country charts in Canada. Biography
<mask> was born in Quincy, Florida, on April 2, 1962. His father, also known as <mask>, maintained a band called The Country Rocks in his spare time.By the age of eight, <mask> began playing in his father's band. Throughout high school, at Robert F. Munroe Day School, he continued to play music, both in his father's band and with other local musicians. He soon began touring in local clubs, and sang Frank Sinatra's "My Way" at his high school graduation. <mask> was also a basketball player in high school, and was offered a scholarship to East Central Community College in Decatur, Mississippi. He attended college for one year before dropping out in order to pursue his desired career in music. By the time he was 20, <mask> made the finals on the Wrangler Country Star Search, followed by a Male

masks:
William Harold Dean Jr
Dean
Billy Dean
Dean
Dean
Dean


title: Billy Dean

texts:
 Vocalist win on the television competition Star Search six years later. He also worked as a demo singer and took acting lessons, appearing in television commercials for McDonald's, Chevrolet and Valvoline.By the end of the decade, he had signed to a publishing contract with EMI Music, as well as a recording contract with SBK Records, a subsidiary of Liberty Records. Musical career

1990–1995
<mask>'s first single was "Lowdown Lonely", which did not enter the charts. It was followed by "Only Here for a Little While", the second release from his debut album Young Man. This song and its follow-up, "Somewhere in My Broken Heart" (previously recorded by Randy Travis on his 1989 album No Holdin' Back) were both No. 3 hits on the Billboard country charts. The latter was also a minor hit on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks charts. Young Man was certified gold by the RIAA.<mask>'s self-titled second album followed in 1991, and soon earned a gold certification as well. Four singles were released from it: "You Don't Count the Cost", "Only the Wind" and "Billy the Kid" each peaked at No. 4 on the country charts, while "If There Hadn't Been You" was a No. 3 on Billboard, and a No. 1 on both the former Radio & Records (now Mediabase) country charts in the U.S. and the RPM Country Tracks charts in Canada. <mask> toured with The Judds on their farewell tour in 1991, he also toured with Wynonna Judd and Clint Black. He wrote and recorded the theme song to the ABC animated television series Wild

masks: Dean Dean Dean


title: Billy Dean

texts:
 West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa, and hosted a Top 21 countdown on VH1.In 1992, he earned the Top New Male Vocalist award from the Academy of Country Music. Fire in the Dark was the title of <mask>'s third album. Issued in 1993, it was his third straight gold-certified album, earning that certification from both the RIAA and CRIA.His lead-off single "Tryin' to Hide a Fire in the Dark" peaked at No. 6 in the United States and became his second No. 1 in Canada. Following it were "I Wanna Take Care of You", "I'm Not Built That Way", and a cover of Dave Mason's 1977 pop hit "We Just Disagree". Also in 1993, <mask> had an opening slot on Alan Jackson's tour.Following his first three studio albums was a greatest hits album in 1994. This album reprised his first nine singles, as well as a new song, "Once in a While", which <mask> wrote and recorded for the soundtrack to the 1994 film 8 Seconds. This song peaked at No. 53 based on unsolicited airplay. Men'll Be Boys, his final release for SBK/Liberty, came later in 1994. This album was not as successful in sales or chart performance, producing the No. 24 "Cowboy Band" and No.60 title track. After this album, <mask> placed his career on hiatus to raise his children. 1996–present
<mask> returned to the recording studio in 1996 for his fifth album, It's What I Do, on Capitol Records Nashville. This album returned him to the Top Ten with its title track and "That Girl's Been Spyin' on Me", which reached numbers 5 and 4, respectively. The final

masks: Dean Dean Dean Dean Dean


title: Billy Dean

texts: single, a cover of Don Williams' 1988 single "I Wouldn't Be a Man", fell short of Top 40. He also worked with actress and singer Crystal Bernard on her 1996 debut album Girl Next Door, in addition to co-writing its debut single "Have We Forgotten What Love Is." Later that year, <mask> released a non-charting single, "In the Name of Love", which never appeared on an album.In 1998, Victoria Shaw and several other artists, including <mask>, collaborated on the charity single "One Heart at a Time". Real Man, his sixth album, was issued in mid-1998. This album produced only one Top 40 hit in its title track, followed by "Innocent Bystander" which reached number 68. After this album, <mask> exited Capitol's roster. He also took up acting once more, appearing in the minor TV specials A Face to Kill For and Blue Valley Songbird. In 2000, he and Alison Krauss made guest appearances on Kenny Rogers' single "Buy Me a Rose", which reached the top of the Billboard country charts in May of that year. This song was also a Top 40 hit on the Billboard Hot 100, and Rogers' first number 1 single in thirteen years.A year later, <mask> joined Suzy Bogguss and twelve-year-old singer Jillian Arciero (credited as Jillian) on "Please Keep Mom and Dad in Love," which was issued on Rogers's Dreamcatcher Records, and never included on an album. Although he continued touring, he did not chart again until 2003 with "I'm in Love With You", released on the independent View 2 label. His next release for View 2

masks: Dean Dean Dean Dean


title: Billy Dean

texts:
 was a cover of John Denver's "Thank God I'm a Country Boy". Curb Records took over promotion of this single shortly after its release, and by mid-2004 it reached number 27 on the country charts. Following it was the single "Let Them Be Little", co-written by Richie McDonald of Lonestar and recorded by the band on its 2004 album Let's Be Us Again. <mask>'s seventh studio album, also titled Let Them Be Little, was finally issued in late 2004 on Curb. Although "Let Them Be Little" reached a peak of number 8 on the country charts in early 2005, the album's other singles all failed to reach Top 40.A Christmas music album, The Christ (A Song for Joseph), followed in late 2005. Included on the album was a duet with his daughter. In addition to recording and touring, <mask> is branching into using music for corporate marketing. One of his ventures, Song Sessions, combines songwriting and corporate team building exercises. <mask> has taken over the lead role (formerly played by Kenny Rogers), playing Hank Longley, in "The Toy Shoppe" (a musical written by Kenny Rogers and Kelly Junkerman) at the Starlite Theater in Branson, Missouri, through the end of 2013. Discography

References

External links

1962 births
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Capitol Records artists
Curb Records artists
Liberty Records artists
Living people
Singer-songwriters from Florida
People from Quincy, Florida
East Central Community College alumni
Country musicians from

masks: Dean Dean Billy


title: Tom Lovell

texts:
<mask> (5 February 1909 – 29 June 1997) was an American illustrator and painter. He was a creator of pulp fiction magazine covers and illustrations, and of visual art of the American West. He produced illustrations for National Geographic magazine and many others, and painted many historical Western subjects such as interactions between Indians and white settlers and traders. He was inducted into the Society of Illustrators' Hall of Fame in 1974. Life

<mask> was born in New York City on 5 February 1909 to Henry S<mask>., a telephone engineer, and Edith Scott (Russell) <mask>. He was the second of three children. He was a keen reader as a child, and although he received no early training in art, he often visited the Museum of Natural History in New York, beginning a fascination with Native American objects and weapons.In 1927, he was the valedictorian of his high school, and at graduation, he spoke on "the ill treatment of the American Indian by the U. S. Government." He attended Syracuse University from 1927 to 1931. <mask> married Gloyd "Pink" Simmons in 1934 and moved to Norwalk, Connecticut. They had two children, David and Deborah. In 1940 <mask> and his family moved to an artists colony at Westport, Connecticut, where he became close friends with Harold von Schmidt, John Clymer, and Robert Lougheed. In 1972, he moved to Santa Fe New Mexico.In 1977, he moved to a seven-acre site in Santa Fe and built an adobe house and studio. <mask> died in a car crash in New Mexico on 29 June 1997, aged 88. His 48-year-old daughter Deborah was also killed in the accident. Education

Lovell enrolled at Syracuse University in 1927, graduating in 1931. His college roommate Harry Anderson, classmate Elton Fax and teacher Hibbard V.B. Kline influenced his decision to become an illustrator. In his junior year at Syracuse, Lovell sold drawings to popular "pulp" Western, gangster and detective magazines.Career

In the early 1930s Lovell shared a studio space in New York with Harry Anderson and Al (Nick) Carter. He eventually moved to the artist colony of

masks:
Tom Lovell
Lovell
. Lovell Jr
Lovell
Lovell
Lovell
Lovell


title: Tom Lovell

texts: New Rochelle just outside New York City. New Rochelle was home to a number of other illustrators, including Norman Rockwell and Mead Schaeffer. After 1936, Lovell progressed into providing illustrations for advertising agencies and slick magazines such as Redbook, Life, Collier's, The American, Woman's Home Companion, and Cosmopolitan. From 1940 onwards Lovell produced covers for several magazines including Ace-High Western, Clues, Complete, Detective Tales, Dime Detective, Rangeland Romances, Star Western, and Top-Notch. He also drew pen and ink interior illustrations for The Shadow, Courtroom Stories, Popular Western, Triple Western, and Clues. Lovell served for two years in the Marine Corps Reserve during World War II.He was sent as a Staff Sergeant to Washington DC with John Clymer and Fred Lasswell to illustrate the Marine Corps magazine, Leatherneck. On returning to Westport Lovell produced a set of historical drawings for National Geographic Magazine, including depictions of the Norman invasion of England, the career of Alexander the Great, and the conquests of the Vikings. He took great care in reproducing what he considered to be historical accuracy in the illustrations, including making models of weapons and ships, visiting historical sites and carrying out other research. He was also commissioned to create a series of paintings about Western oil exploration, as well as several paintings for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. In 1969, under commission from the Abell-Hanger Foundation, Lovell produced a series of paintings commemorating the history of the Southwest that are now on permanent display at the Permian Basin Petroleum Museum, Midland, Texas. These works, a historical series about Native Americans, represent a turning point in the subject matter of <mask>'s work. From this point on he concentrated on depictions of Native American life, exploration of the West, and Western art.In 1973, he was invited to become a charter member of the National Academy of Western Artists, and is the only artist to twice receive


title: Tom Lovell

texts:
 their Prix de West Award. In 1974, he was elected to the Society of Illustrators' Hall of Fame, and in 1975, became a member of the Cowboy Artists of America. In 1992, he received the Robert Loughweed Award from NAWA as well as their Lifetime Achievement Award. In 1994, he displayed several pieces at the National Academy of Western Artists Show in Oklahoma City. The <mask> Collection of personal letters, photographs and scrapbooks containing tear sheets of his completed paintings is currently held at the Norman Rockwell Museum Archives' Reference Center Collection. In 2006, the NRM put several of Lovell's paintings on display as part of the exhibition "National Geographic: The Art of Exploration". Methods

Lovell said: "I consider myself a storyteller with a brush.I try to place myself back in imagined situations that would make interesting and appealing pictures. I am intent on producing paintings that relate to the human experience." On illustrating for pulp magazines in the 1930s and 1940s: "Painting for the pulps was great training. You learned to tell a story in close compass. You couldn’t spread out over two pages, and you couldn't take three months to research it. You had to get the job out in ten days. This took discipline."On historical research methods: "When you're painting history, it always comes down to fundamentals. Reading is a help. But writers don’t need the depth of information that a painter does. With a few well chosen words, a writer can set the scene, whereas an artist must know the costumes, the weapons, what the interiors looked like, the horse tack – all the thousand things to make it come alive. I wasn't there when Alexander marched across India. But I was able to do a painting of what Alexander did by working like hell at it." Bibliography
Notes

References

External links

Guide to <mask>ll Papers
<mask> Biography

1909 births
1997 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
American illustrators
Artists from New York City
Artists from New Rochelle, New York
Road incident deaths in New

masks:
Tom Lovell
Tom Love
Tom Lovell


title: Shane Smeltz

texts:
<mask> (born 29 September 1981) is a New Zealand footballer. He plays as a striker for Gold Coast United in the National Premier Leagues Queensland. Smeltz had spent much of his early career playing in Australia before moving to England where he played for two and a half seasons. He played mostly in the A-League from 2007 onwards, with the exception of brief stints with Gençlerbirliği in Turkey and Kedah FA in Malaysia. He ended his professional playing career with Indonesian team Borneo F.C. Smeltz is the all-time second-highest goalscorer in the A-League and was the top-goalscorer for Gold Coast United. He has scored 24 goals in 58 international appearances for New Zealand and played at the 2010 FIFA World Cup.Early and personal life
<mask> was born in Göppingen, West Germany to ethnic German parents with New Zealand citizenship. Six months later he moved to New Zealand. In November 1987, at the age of six, Smeltz moved to the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia, where he pursued a career in football through the Queensland Academy of Sport and was brought up for the remainder of his adolescent years while holding a New Zealand visa. <mask> was granted dual-citizenship at the age of 23, becoming a dual-citizen of New Zealand and Australia. He attended Palm Beach Currumbin High School on the Gold Coast during his teenage years and was classmates with future professional surfers Mick Fanning and Joel Parkinson. Smeltz lives in Sydney with his wife Nikki (who later became a federal election candidate for United Australia Party) and daughters Bonnie and Scarlett but spends the off season on the Gold Coast and still considers it to be his home. Club career
Smeltz played for a variety of professional Australian clubs before he played a brief five match spell for Mansfield Town of the English Football League Two in 2005.In the 2005–06 season, he played in 61 competitive matches for AFC Wimbledon, including 11 as a substitute, and scored 26 goals. He played the following season for Halifax Town in the Conference

masks:
Shane Edward Smeltz
Smeltz
Smeltz


title: Shane Smeltz

texts:
 National. Wellington Phoenix
Smeltz returned to New Zealand in 2007, signing a two-year deal with the Wellington Phoenix in the A-League. In his first season, he finished second in the Golden Boot race with nine goals from 19 appearances. In the 2008–09 season, Smeltz scored a record-equalling 12 goals for the A-League season proper, resulting in the A-League Golden Boot 2008-09 and also goal of the season for his winning strike against Melbourne Victory at Westpac Stadium in round 13. In 2008–09 season Smeltz was voted the A-League's best player and was awarded the Johnny Warren Medal. Gold Coast United
In November 2008 the Phoenix lost its battle to retain Smeltz for the 2009 season as he signed a three-year deal with A-League expansion club Gold Coast United.Smeltz scored nine goals on his Gold Coast United debut as Miron Bleiberg's men recorded a 12–1 victory in their inaugural outing, a friendly against Mudgeeraba SC. On 8 August 2009, Smeltz scored his club's first goal in their first A-League game against Brisbane Roar. In the following week Smeltz scored an impressive four goals against North Queensland Fury, which included a penalty. <mask> and Gold Coast recorded their first loss to the Newcastle Jets at the next round, notable for being the only game he had not scored a goal. A week later, Smeltz rebounded from his club's first loss to help in the win against Sydney FC. In the process he added another two goals to his tally taking him to an outstanding 8 goals from 5 games, his single man goal count was greater than any other club's overall amount in the league. With 19 A-League goals to his name, he was formerly the holder for most A League goals in a season.Shandong Luneng
On 12 July 2010, after a stellar season with Gold Coast United, it was announced Smeltz had agreed to terms with Chinese club Shandong Luneng on a two-year contract subject to passing a medical. On 17 July 2010, it was announced that Smeltz had "changed his mind about China and decided to return home", just five days into his


title: Shane Smeltz

texts:
 contract. There was some confusion after his decision to return home in regards to which club he was contracted to. Shandong Luneng had paid the transfer fee to Gold Coast United, but a Football Federation Australia source confirmed that Gold Coast United had not dispatched Smeltz's International Transfer Clearance form, meaning Smeltz was therefore free to rejoin them without any possibility of an international tug-of-war over his services. On 17 July 2010, Gold Coast United owner Clive Palmer publicly stated that he is "hopeful of retaining him for the coming season." Gençlerbirliği S.K. On 24 August, his overseas career was given a lifeline when he was signed by Turkish Süper Lig club Gençlerbirliği.<mask> made his debut for the club in their 2–1 home win over Istanbul BB. <mask> scored his first goal for the club in the 1–0 home win over Ankaragucu with a 45th-minute penalty. Perth Glory
On 20 March 2011 it was announced that Perth Glory and Smeltz signed a three-year contract worth A$4.1 million with the A-League club as a marquee. In his second appearance in the League for Perth, he scored a brace to take him to 51 League goals in the A-League, becoming only the second player to have scored a half-century in the competition next to Archie Thompson. On 24 March 2012 he scored all 4 goals in a 4–2 win against Melbourne Victory. Sydney FC
On 18 May 2014, it was announced that <mask> would be parting ways with Perth Glory after three years at the club, to join Sydney FC on a one-year deal. After the 2014–15 season, Smeltz signed a 2-year contract extension with Sydney, taking him to the end of the 2016–17 season.Kedah FA
On 12 July 2016, Smelz joined Malaysian Super League club Kedah FA. On 20 July 2016, he made his debut goal for Kedah, against T-Team in Malaysia Cup, scoring two goals. Return to Wellington Phoenix
On 18 December 2016, Smeltz returned to New Zealand, signing with Wellington Phoenix until the end of the season. Borneo F.C. On 9 April 2017, Smeltz joined Indonesian club side Borneo in the

masks: Smeltz Smeltz Smeltz


title: Shane Smeltz

texts:
 Liga 1. Retirement
Following an 18-year career, <mask> retired from football on 11 February 2018. Return to Gold Coast United
In January 2020, <mask> came out of retirement to sign with NPL Queensland team Gold Coast United.International career
<mask> has played for the under-20, under-23 and senior New Zealand national teams. He scored his first goal for the All Whites, an away friendly on 25 April 2006, against Chile. In that game Smeltz also became the first AFC Wimbledon player to win international honours, and the first to become an international goalscorer. In May 2007, he was the scorer of both New Zealand goals in an impressive 2–2 draw against Wales. On 19 November 2007, following his impressive form with Wellington Phoenix in the A-League and consistent performances for the All Whites, Smeltz was voted New Zealand footballer of the year, ahead of FA Premier League star Ryan Nelsen and Celtic striker Chris Killen. In December 2008, Smeltz was named Oceania federation player of 2007. Smeltz travelled to South Africa as part of the New Zealand squad for both the 2009 Confederations Cup and 2010 World Cup Finals.He scored a goal at the latter against 2006 World Cup winners Italy in Nelspruit, making him the first ever A-League player to score in the World Cup Finals. He was part of the New Zealand men's team at the 2012 Summer Olympics. During a World Cup qualifying match against New Caledonia on 22 March 2013, Smeltz was the victim of a high boot to the face in the opposing penalty area, leaving him bloodied. International goals
Scores and results list New Zealand's goal tally first. International career statistics

Honours
Kedah FA
 Malaysia Cup: 2016

Individual
 Oceania Footballer of the Year: 2007, 2008
 Johnny Warren Medal: 2008–2009 with Wellington Phoenix
 A-League Golden Boot: 2008–2009 with Wellington Phoenix – 12 goals
 A-League Golden Boot: 2009–2010 with Gold Coast United – 19 goals
 NZF Men's Player of the Year: 2007
 Wellington Phoenix Player of the Year: 2007–08
 Wellington Phoenix


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts: <mask> (28 May 1899 – 16 January 1983), usually cited as D. C<mask>, was an American philosopher and a professor at both the University of California Los Angeles (from 1930 to 1938) and at Harvard University (from 1939 to 1967). <mask> was born in Crows Landing, California in 1899. As a teenager he was greatly interested in classics, English literature, poetry, and science fiction. He was a lifelong fan of the works of William Shakespeare, Mark Twain, and H.G. Wells. He studied English at Occidental College, California, and then English and Philosophy at Harvard University where he received an AM in Philosophy in 1925. He continued to study Philosophy and Psychology at UC-Berkeley.One of his teachers there was Jacob Loewenberg, and one of his peers was Arthur E. Murphy. In 1927 he returned to Harvard and obtained his PhD under the supervision of Ralph Barton Perry. He submitted his thesis - titled A Metaphysical Interpretation of Behaviorism - on 1 April 1928. In that same year he married Katherine Pressly Adams, who he knew from his time at UC-Berkeley. They had two sons: <mask>. and David. <mask> was awarded a Sheldon Traveling Fellowship and studied philosophy in France and Germany, 1928-29. Upon his return to the United States he was an Instructor at Harvard in 1929 and then an Instructor at UCLA in 1930.He stayed for several years at UCLA, becoming Assistant Professor and Associate Professor. In 1938 he was awarded a Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship for the project Studies in Empirical Realism. This was the culmination

masks:
Donald Cary Williams
. Williams
Life Williams
Donald Jr
Williams


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts:
 of a research programme he had embarked on as part of the flourishing of realism started by Bertrand Russell, G. E. Moore, Samuel Alexander, the New Realists, and Critical Realists. In 1939 he was a Visiting Lecturer at Harvard; then Associate Professor and eventually Professor. He spent the rest of his career at Harvard, arguing for realism, constructing a trope ontology, and advocating a four-dimensionalist theory of time, among many other things such as defending the legitimacy of inductive inference. As a teacher he lectured for several decades mostly on metaphysics and the history of philosophy, influencing many students who went on to have successful careers and make an impact on analytic philosophy such as Roderick Chisholm, Nicholas Wolterstorff, and David Lewis. He retired from Harvard in 1967 to Fallbrook, California where he continued to write philosophy, maintain his correspondence, read papers at universities in California and elsewhere, and host philosophical friends.He died in 1983. Work
<mask> wrote on a wide range of philosophical topics, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, logic, philosophy of science, probability theory, induction, philosophy of history, ethics, and history of philosophy. In what follows, only his more significant and influential contributions are surveyed. Empiricism and realism
<mask> thinks the goal of empiricism is to describe and explain the ‘foreground of experience’ and to ‘intelligibly and credibly construct our account of the rest of the

masks: Williams Williams


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts:
 world’. The traditional understanding of empiricism, going back to John Locke, accepts the foreground of experience as the ground from which we construct our concepts and confirm certain conclusions that inform us of the rest of the world, especially other parts that are not experienced. According to <mask>, empiricism says that a posteriori knowledge is known inductively. He further thought that induction is not restricted to experience and its content or restricted to science.Induction has ‘ontological reach’ to things in themselves. This means that empiricism and realism are compatible. He thus endorsed ‘empirical realism’. He describes empirical realism as follows:
Our “empirical realism” is realistic in the most venerable sense, that it affirms there is valid knowledge of the nature and existence of a world distinct from our perceptions and independent of them, and a fortiori distinct from and independent of our thought and speech about it, and yet empiricistic in the classical sense that it affirms that all knowledge, including this, consists of conceptual constructions collected from and confirmed by sensory experience. Induction and probability
He also published a book on the problem of induction, The Ground of Induction (1947), which argued that the reliability of statistical sampling solves Hume's skepticism about induction. Metaphysics: ontology
For <mask>, ontology is the study of the categories of being. The subject matter of ontology is traditionally examined using an analytic mode of inquiry.An analysis of


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts: some X is in terms of X’s parts, whatever X might be. Analysis gets us the nature of X. Analysis in this sense is the classic decompositional sense, giving explanatory priority to parts over wholes. Analytic ontology is one branch of metaphysics. A main issue in analytic ontology is the distinction between object and property. An object can have many properties. A property can be had by many objects.This chair has the property of being red, being made of wood, being hard, etc. This chair and every other chair in this room (say) all have the one property: being red. The first case has to do with predication. The second has to do with resemblance, and in particular, with resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic respects. In 'The Elements of Being', <mask> points out that the fact that two red chairs resemble each other with respect to colour is explained in terms of the fact that each chair has a certain kind of part or aspect that exactly resembles each other. The ‘red-part’ of this chair and the ‘red-part’ of that chair exactly resemble each other and this grounds the fact that each chair resembles with other with respect to colour. These ‘parts’ are ‘fine’, ‘thin’, or abstract in a certain sense, the sense that is associated with the idea that an abstract entity is a certain kind of part of a whole.These parts are also particulars. And they are particular as each chair. Hence they are abstract particulars, which <mask> dubbed 'tropes'. Such an analysis explains resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts: respects. The red-part of this chair plays the role of being a property, a property had by the chair. It does this because in order for the property being red to be ‘of’ the chair it must be an abstract part of the chair and it must ‘manifest’ Redness, i.e., manifest its kind. This chair, in fact, is nothing more than its abstract parts or tropes.This chair is a certain mereological sum of tropes, namely, the sum that ‘concurs’ in a single region of spacetime. Such an analysis explains how an object can have many properties – it does so in virtue of it having several tropes as abstract parts. One benefit of <mask>'s trope theory is that objective resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic respects is explained without positing universals as members of a primitive category of being. Another benefit is that his theory explains facts about predication without positing substances as members of a primitive category of being. <mask> posits tropes as members of a fundamental category of being and then derives the category of universality and substance from tropes. Abstract particulars ground concrete particulars and abstract universals. This makes his theory a one-category ontology.Tropes comprise the one fundamental category of being. Keith Campbell carries this argument forward in Abstract Particulars (1990). There are several objections in the literature against <mask>’s trope theory. And there are just as many philosophers who defend and develop the view. Contentious issues include the individuation of tropes, the nature

masks: Williams Williams Williams


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts:
 of the concurrence relation that unifies tropes into concrete objects, the nature of the resemblance relation, the nature of universals, <mask>’s account of predication, the simplicity of tropes (whether a basic trope is really a simple entity). And much more. These issues are part of on-going disputes in metaphysics.The main argument for trope theory is that it is the most ontically parsimonious hypothesis with the greatest explanatory power. As <mask> remarks, he found trope theory 'so serviceable that it may well be true'. It posits one category of being but at the same time explains the distinction between object and property, explains objective resemblance among ordinary objects in intrinsic respects, and explains facts about predication (of concrete particulars). Trope can also play the role of events and truthmakers and serve as the contents of mental acts such as perception and play the role of mental acts and states themselves. His trope theory remains a strong candidate for being the best explanation we have in analytic ontology. See also the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on <mask>. Metaphysics: cosmology
Cosmology is the study of the contents of the world and how its contents are related to each other in the loosest sense.Typically, cosmology is studied from a speculative perspective, that is, a constructive perspective that involves inductively inferring the probable truth of a certain world hypothesis based on various pieces of evidence. For <mask>, time and space fall under the study of cosmology.

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts: Speculative cosmology is the other branch of metaphysics, along with analytic ontology. As D.M. Armstrong notes, this distinction between analytic ontology and speculative cosmology is a division within metaphysics. As such, ontology does not exhaust metaphysics. Because <mask> is an empiricist he thinks science can inform metaphysics, especially cosmology, as characterised above.He also thinks logic as well as common sense tell us something about time and our concept of time. He notes that science and logic and the canonical logic of science do not have any temporal reference. When a scientist proposes a law of nature or a scientific generalisation the scientist proposes a statement that holds regardless of temporal reference to a certain time or to the fact that a certain time is now. Similarly, in logic, arguments are presented without temporal reference. They are intended to be timeless. In common sense talk we readily say that we have a future and have a past. He writes: ‘We also say “Isaiah is one of the great spiritual heroes” and “There is a meeting of the Dorcas Society tomorrow”, although Isaiah is dead and the society has not met yet’.For <mask>, the present is not ontically privileged. The past, present, and future are equally real. Things in the past are just as real as things in the present and the future. Time is just another mode of extent like the dimensions of space. And things are spread out in time just as much as they are spread out in space. So he thinks, objects persist through time by having temporal


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts: parts at different times. In this respect, he is a perdurantist.Lastly, <mask> thinks events are temporally related by earlier than/later than relations in a four-dimensional manifold. Following Russell and McTaggart, <mask> endorses a B-theory of time. Reality is fundamentally tenseless and tensed concepts and terms like ‘now’ and ‘present’ are merely indexical. His preferred label for this theory of time is the ‘pure manifold theory of time’. The pure manifold theory of time is subject to many objections. In ‘The Sea Fight Tomorrow’, <mask> counters the objection that the future is open in an important sense and that because of the openness of the future the pure manifold theory of time is wrong. He argues that although things in the future are determinate or definite in one sense this does not imply that things in the future are determined.It is not the case that contingent statements about the future are somehow indeterminate or without truth-values. In ‘The Myth of Passage’, <mask> confronts the objection that time passes in an important sense and because of the passage of time the pure manifold theory of time leaves something out about the nature of time and so is wrong. He argues that any appeal to temporal experience or a direct phenomenological intuition of time’s passage is bogus. Any sense we have of time’s passage can be explained in terms of the B-theoretic distribution of content in the four-dimensional manifold. On his view, there is no absolute or pure temporal becoming. In other work, recently published, he


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts:
 explains how the pure manifold theory of time can account for the metaphysical possibility of time travel. He further explains in what sense we can accept that there is a passage of time and how we can explain the arrow of time.The crux of his hypothesis is that facts about the B-theoretical distribution of content at the fundamental level of the four-dimensional manifold can do the necessary work in our explanation of the passage and arrow of time. His pure manifold theory of time is the first defence and detailed explication of a four-dimensional metaphysics of time in analytic metaphysics. The view continues to be defended in the literature and is a leading contender in the metaphysics of time. Influence

<mask> was at the height of his career in the 1940s and 1950s. During this period the type of metaphysics he pursued was unpopular and ridiculed by logical positivism, ordinary language philosophy, and the later Wittgenstein. He was among a select few whose work in metaphysics persisted and made an impact on later philosophers. In addition, he fought back on various occasions – first against logical positivism and its verificationist theory of meaning and conventionalism about the a priori, and second against Wittgensteinian critiques of metaphysics.In other places he just scoffed at the ordinary language suggestion that problems about the world can be dissolved by studying the meaning and use of words. He once wrote: ‘It is hard enough to keep one’s face straight at any of those readings of philosophical fortunes from


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts: the tea leaves of language which our British cousins call “logic” nowadays, but when one knows that the very leaves have been rigged, it is time to lodge a protest, good manners be hanged’. For a number of reasons the fortunes of metaphysics turned around in the second half of the twentieth century. One reason is due to the influence of <mask>’s work and instruction. In the late 1960s and 1970s his work was studied closely at the University of Sydney by such philosophers as D. M. Armstrong, John Bacon, Keith Campbell, and David Stove. These philosophers took what <mask> had to say seriously. Armstrong writes: ‘It so happens that Sydney University was for some years the world centre of <mask> studies’.Armstrong appreciated and implemented <mask>’s conception of metaphysics and his distinction between analytic ontology and speculative cosmology in his theory of universals. Bacon and Campbell embraced <mask>’s trope theory, expanding on the ontology and ensuring it remained a strong contender in the literature. Armstrong himself in later work came to realize the explanatory power of trope theory, which was a further boost to trope theory. Stove developed <mask>’s theory of induction and it has been defended by others. His instruction at Harvard spans several decades and he came into contact with many students who went on to have respectable careers in philosophy, e.g., Roderick Chisholm and <mask>. He supervised Nicholas Wolterstorff whose theory of universals as kinds bears a strong resemblance to <mask>’s ontology. But the

masks:
Williams
Williams
Donald Williams
Williams
Williams
Williams
Donald Davidson
Williams


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts: student he influenced the most was David Lewis.As a student in the 1960s Lewis audited and enrolled in <mask>’s courses on ontology and cosmology, absorbing his Humean approach to metaphysics and his belief that metaphysics is legitimate. Lewis owes in part his Humean supervenience, four-dimensionalism, and metaphysics of time more generally to <mask>. Lewis also developed certain arguments from <mask> that proved pivotal in his own philosophical development. Just as <mask> exploited analogies between time and space, Lewis exploited analogies between time and modality. Just as <mask> argued that a realm of subsistent entities would lead to scepticism about one's existence, Lewis argued that a realm of possibles would lead to scepticism about one's actuality. For Lewis, the way out of the sceptical worry was to take actuality as a relative matter and interpret the word 'actual' as an indexical. The indexical account of actuality was - in Lewis's mind - one step down the road to modal realism: possible worlds are just as real as our world.Later on his career Lewis gravitated more and more towards <mask>’s ontology, expressing sympathy with a sparse theory of tropes. Armstrong and Lewis were both influential figures who played their own part in bringing metaphysics back into mainstream philosophy. Given the influence of <mask> on both Armstrong and Lewis, <mask> played a key role in the revival of metaphysics. <mask>’s articles on trope theory and four-dimensionalism are classic articles in analytic philosophy – anthologised in

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


title: Donald Cary Williams

texts:
 748-63. 1963. Necessary Facts. Review of Metaphysics 16(4): 601-26. 1986. Universals and Existents. Australasian Journal of Philosophy 64(1): 1-14.References

External links
 <mask> <mask>, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 Guggenheim Fellowship for Humanities Fellows: <mask><mask>
 Papers of <mask> <mask>, Harvard University Archives
<mask> <mask> (1899-1983) - The Elements of Being with a bibliography and an introduction by Keith Campbell

1899 births
1983 deaths
People from Stanislaus County, California
Analytic philosophers
Harvard University faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Occidental College alumni
Harvard University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Presidents of the Metaphysical Society of America
20th-century American

masks:
Donald Cary
Williams
Donald C
. Williams
Donald Cary
Williams
Donald Cary
Williams


title: Alessandro Birindelli

texts:
<mask> (; born 12 November 1974) is an Italian retired footballer who played as a full-back or as a wide midfielder. Equally at ease on both the left and the right flanks, he was best known for his 11-year spell with Juventus, during which time he won several accolades and appeared in nearly 300 official games. Club career

Early years
Born to Paolo and <mask> in Pisa as the second of two children, <mask> started playing football at the age of eight for the local team of San Frediano (an area of Pisa not far from his boyhood home and the church of the same name). A longtime Juventus F.C. fan, being an admirer of Michel Platini, he was also influenced by Paolo Maldini's professionalism and sportsmanship, and entered Empoli FC's youth academy, beginning his career as a right winger before moving into defence. In 1996, he won the Coppa Italia Serie C, as the team finished second in its group in Serie C1, thus earning Serie B promotion; Empoli followed this with another climb, now to Serie A, after collecting 64 points which trailed only Brescia Calcio's 66. Juventus
After nearly 150 official matches, <mask> ended his career with Empoli and moved to Juventus in 1997, managed at the time by Marcello Lippi, joining an already strong squad – which featured young prodigies <mask> and Zinedine Zidane – and arriving alongside Edgar Davids and Filippo Inzaghi.He made his league debut in a 2–0 victory over U.S. Lecce on 31 August, but his first competitive appearance had taken place in the Supercoppa Italiana defeat of Vicenza Calcio. In his first season <mask> won the Scudetto over Inter Milan, by five points. He was an unused substitute as the club lost the UEFA Champions League for the second consecutive time, now to Real Madrid. <mask> won two more leagues with Juventus, in 2002 and 2003, adding two Italian Supercups and also reaching two Coppa Italia finals. Again, he was a part of the side which lost in a Champions League final, this time in the 2002–03

masks:
Alessandro Birindelli
Erminia Birindelli
Birindelli
Birindelli
Alessandro Del Piero
Birindelli
Birindelli


title: Alessandro Birindelli

texts:
 edition against A.C. Milan on penalties which was the first all-Italian final in the history of the competition, being one of only team players to convert his attempt in an eventual 2–3 defeat. In the summer of 2005, while playing a friendly against S.L. Benfica, <mask> injured his ankle and missed the entire campaign.Due to the Turin club's involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal, it was stripped of its 2005 and 2006 titles, and also relegated to the second division. <mask> and Juventus initially started 2006–07 with a 30-point deduction as a further punishment for their role in the match-fixing scandal, but it was ultimately reduced to nine, which allowed for another Cadetti conquest for the player and the subsequent promotion. He contributed with 37 league appearances to this feat, while also becoming vice-captain. Claudio Ranieri took over as coach for the 2007–08 season, and <mask> only played seven times in the league. On 17 May 2008 he left the club after 11 years, claiming that he wished to continue playing for another year or two. Late career
On 22 July 2008, <mask> was announced as Pisa Calcio's new signing, thus finally giving him the opportunity to play for his hometown side. However, the team suffered relegation from the second tier at the end of the campaign, and then excluded from Italian football due to financial issues.In August 2009, <mask> signed a two-year contract with lowly A.S. Pescina Valle del Giovenco. He found himself a free agent in June 2010, after the club was excluded from football due to heavy debts. On 19 September 2011, <mask> was appointed head coach at U.S. Pistoiese 1921 in Serie D, leaving his post the following month. International career
<mask> represented Italy's under-17s at the 1991 FIFA World Championship, but did not start in any of the team's three games. His first start in a national jersey was as part of the Marco Tardelli-led under-23 squad that competed in the 1997 Mediterranean Games, held

masks: Birindelli Birindelli Birindelli Birindelli Birindelli Birindelli Birindelli


title: Alessandro Birindelli

texts:
 in Bari: the nation went on to win the gold medal, with him featuring in three of the four matches including the final against Turkey. <mask>'s full debut came with Giovanni Trapattoni on 20 November 2002, a 1–1 friendly draw with Turkey. He went on to gain a further five caps in nearly two years, the last being the 0–2 loss in Iceland, and was not summoned for UEFA Euro 2004.In July 2010 <mask> retired from active football, immediately being named assistant coach in the Zambian national team led by countryman Dario Bonetti. He resigned from his position in February 2011, due to misunderstandings. Style of play
<mask> was a hard-working, tenacious, and versatile player, who was capable of playing as a full-back or wide midfielder on either flank, although he often played on the right side of the pitch. He was mainly known for his speed, stamina, and consistency, as well as his sportsmanship, which enabled him to cover the flank effectively. Personal life
<mask> married childhood sweetheart Silvia, with whom he had two children, Samuele and Matteo. Samuele Birindelli made his professional debut as a defender for Pisa in December 2016. Club statistics

Honours

Club
Empoli
Coppa Italia Lega Pro: 1995–96

Juventus
Serie A: 1997–98, 2001–02, 2002–03
Supercoppa Italiana: 1997, 2002, 2003; Runner-up 1998, 2005
UEFA Intertoto Cup: 1999
Serie B: 2006–07
Coppa Italia: Runner-up 2001–02, 2003–04
UEFA Champions League: Runner-up 1997–98, 2002–03

International
Italy U-23
Mediterranean Games: 1997

References

External links

National team data

1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Pisa
Italian footballers
Association football defenders
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Empoli F.C.players
Juventus F.C. players
Pisa S.C. players
Italy international footballers
Italian football managers
U.S. Pistoiese 1921 managers
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in football
Competitors at the 1997 Mediterranean

masks: Birindelli Birindelli Birindelli Birindelli


title: Ike Weir

texts:
<mask> (February 5, 1867 – September 12, 1908) was an Irish boxer, credited with being the first man to take the Featherweight Championship of the World in a match against Frank Murphy on March 31, 1889 in Kouts, Indiana. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title, and went an astounding eighty rounds, though it was officially declared a draw. Some sources may credit <mask> with taking the World Title as early as 1887 in his knockout title wins over Jack Farrell in Ridgefield, New Jersey on January 24, or Jack Williams in Westerly Rhode, Island, on March 10. <mask> first claimed the title in his win over Farrell. He was recognized by most sources to have lost the title on January 13, 1890 to Torpedo Billy Murphy in a fourteenth-round knockout in San Francisco, California. Early life and career
<mask> was born on February 5, 1867, in Lurgan, Ireland (now Northern Ireland, UK) when all Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. He grew up near Belfast, where his father worked as a breeder, buyer, and trainer of thoroughbred horses for the gentry.<mask> was somewhat dark complected with curly hair, blue eyes, and a lean build. He was well educated and had a fondness for books, and music. His shooting skills with both gun and pistol were noteworthy, and he was a fine pianist, having taken music education at an early age. Lighthearted and a serious entertainer, he was known to dance an Irish Jig on occasion for the entertainment of his fans or even to perform a handstand or backflip in the ring. Beginning work as a cross country jockey in Preston, England before taking up boxing, he had a fondness for horses from an early age. His ring name "spider" may have had an origin in his thin arms and legs, or a result of the spider like riding crouch he assumed as a jockey. Early career boxing in England
On October 5, 1885, he entered an amateur boxing contest in

masks:
Ike Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir


title: Ike Weir

texts:
 Manchester, England, where he defeated Stewart of Bradford, and Bill Palon, before being beaten by Joe Fielden who was thirty pounds heavier than <mask>.His official boxing debut was on October 9, 1885 against W. Harlow in Salford, Lancashire, England. His first serious boxing instruction was obtained in Liverpool. He defeated Billy Sykes in Liverpool in four rounds on points using English boxing rules. In the next two years, before his first bout with Tommy Warren, he won ten of fourteen fights, with only four being considered draws. 1886 arrival in Boston
Having difficulty finding bouts in England, at the age of nineteen, he arrived in Boston on March 10, 1886, and won a three-round contest with Willie Snee. He would remain in the U.S. the rest of his life. In his next American battle in Boston on October 29, 1917, he put James Furman on the canvas in a surprising fifth-round technical knockout which allowed him to be matched with better known boxer Martin Burns on November fifth of the following week.He knocked out Burns in six difficult rounds in Boston. Mid professional boxing career
<mask> was known for his clever ducking and rapid countering, rather than a strong punch. He defeated a number of middleweights in his career, some outweighing him by as much as fifty pounds. Early Featherweight Title Matches
On March 10, 1887, <mask> fought a thirty-six-round match against Jack Williams in Westerly, Rhode, Island, that ended in a knockout for <mask>. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title match. In the close and exciting contest, <mask> was down in the twelfth, twenty-fourth, and twenty-ninth rounds, while Williams was down in the thirty-sixth round. On January 24, 1887, <mask> won a seventh-round knockout against Jack Farrell in Ridgefield, New Jersey, near Hoboken, that was billed as a World 124 pound Title match, though it was not subsequently

masks: Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir


title: Ike Weir

texts:
 recognized as such.<mask> received around $500 for the bout which was likely the largest purse he had yet received for a fight, and as the actual fight time was only eighteen minutes, it was a welcomed windfall for <mask>. According to one source, the match was held in a somewhat private venue to keep its existence from the attention of the authorities who may have had issue with its legality. <mask> took a few good shots in the bout himself and subsequently had a bad cut over his right eye. He later described Farrell as the "gamest man he ever met". On April 11, 1887, he married Miss Henrietta Flora McAvoy, with whom he remained throughout his life. They were married on Easter Monday at St. Mary's in Boston's North end. On April 30, 1887, <mask> defeated Willie Clarke in a twenty-round bout lasting one hour twenty-three minutes in Long Island Sound in Queens, New York.<mask> knocked Clarke down twice in the first and once in the seventh. The bout was brutal, with far more of the injuries attributed to Clarke. Injuries to <mask>'s hands made it unlikely he could win by knockout, extending the length of the bout. Clarke attempted a futile rally in the nineteenth round, but was too weak and injured. His seconds threw in the sponge at the end of the twentieth when he could no longer see. According to one source, several of his earliest bouts had as few as twenty in attendance due to the legal issues associated with boxing at the time, and a single ticket could get a price as high as $100. All night bout with Jack Havlin

On July 20, 1887, <mask> fought an unusually long sixty-one-round match outdoors against Jack Havlin of Providence, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.The fight, described as "one of the hardest battles <mask> ever took part in", began around 9:30 PM, and lasted much of the night before ending around 3:00 AM in an official draw. <mask>'s manager at the time

masks: Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir


title: Ike Weir

texts:
 was Ed Holske, who had followed him from his fighting days in England. The battle caused injuries to <mask>'s hands, which were a source of concern for much of his boxing career. Further increasing the chances of hand injuries, the bout was fought with skin-tight gloves which offered little padding. According to one source, Havlin was more badly injured from the bout, suffering from serious swelling and injuries to his eyes, and most sources agree Havlin had the worst of the contest. With Havlin unable to see effectively for the later part of the match, and <mask> having serious problems with his hands, not much contact took place. The bout ended when the referee called the match.On September 30, 1887, he met Johnny Murphy in Boston in a seventeen-round draw, which may have originally only been scheduled for fifteen. The referee considered the fighting so close that two additional rounds were added, but failed to help determine a victor. Title bout with Tommy Warren
On December 12, 1887, <mask> fought a twenty-round Featherweight title match against Tommy Warren at boxer John Barnes's club in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with Barnes himself as the referee. A few sources credited his ascension to the American and World Featherweight crown with his victory in this match. Describing the fight, one source wrote, "The "Belfast Spider" outfought the "Boy Gambler" of Louisville (Warren) at every stage of the game and Warren was in a bad way when Barnes (referee) stopped the affair in the twentieth round and called it a draw." According to the El Paso Herald, <mask>'s bout with Warren was "the first ever pulled off under the Marquis of Queensbury Rules with the World's Featherweight Championship at stake", though more sources credit <mask>'s ascension to the Featherweight crown against Murphy on March 31, 1889. According to one source, Warren was given two ounce gloves for the

masks: Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir


title: Ike Weir

texts:
 bout, while <mask> was required to wear larger ones.By the 1910s gloves were closer to four ounces in weight. With far greater speed and mobility <mask> was said to have "danced all around Warren". On January 23, 1888, in the height of winter he fought Tommy Miller in Minneapolis at the Washington Roller Rink. He defeated Miller in a seventh-round knockout. Legend has it that <mask> did a somersault followed by a handstand so his seconds could remove his warm-up pants. He did a second hand stand when asked to shake the hand of Miller, brushing his foot on Miller's chin. The crowd, who favored Miller, was not amused.Shortly after this bout, <mask> fought "Ironman" George Siddons on February 3, 1888, in Duluth Minnesota, winning by technical knockout in the eleventh of fifteen rounds, though Siddons claimed he had been fouled. According to one source, Siddon's jaw had been broken in the bout, which could be a brutal affair with the thin gloves that were used. World Featherweight Title

<mask>, by most accounts, first took the World Featherweight Championship in a match with Frank Murphy on March 31, 1889 in Kouts, Indiana. The fight was billed as a World Featherweight Title, and went an astonishing eighty rounds. It decided the World Featherweight Championship, according to several sources, though it was ruled a draw by the referee. With both combatants exhausted, little fighting took place in the last eighteen rounds. Upon examination, Murphy was found to have had a broken rib, and <mask> had possibly received a minor jaw fracture.By most accounts, <mask> was the more aggressive boxer in the bout. Losing World Featherweight Title to Billy Murphy

<mask> lost the World Featherweight Title on January 13, 1890 to Torpedo Billy Murphy in a fourteenth-round knockout at the California Athletic Club in San Francisco, California. The purse for the fight was $2,250. <mask>


title: Ike Weir

texts: dominated throughout the fight, but was said to have failed to follow up on his advantages, when, apparently for no reason, <mask> collapsed to the ground in the thirteenth round. <mask> had not been hit hard, and some thought it may have been part of his clowning. However, while <mask> rose in time, he soon went back down again. <mask> went down 6 times, and while he made it to the end of the round.<mask>'s legs were shaking at the start of the fourteenth round, but he was reported to have avoided Murphy's hits, until going down from another light hit, this time until he was counted out   In a rematch, on November 2, 1893, he beat Murphy in a six-round knockout, which was one of the high points of his late career. In the fourth round, he knocked Murphy entirely out of the ring. <mask> successfully used his clever ducking and bobbing as a defense in the fight, avoiding Murphy's powerful right which had plagued him in their earlier title bout. On July 7, 1890 he knocked out James Connor in Buffalo, New York in three rounds for a purse of $2,000, taking 1,750 for himself. On January 17, 1891, he returned to Australia and defeated Abe Willis in a four-round newspaper decision in Sydney. By February 21, he had returned to San Francisco via Hawaii, claiming he was homesick for America and having trouble getting immediate fights. After his victory over boxer "Kentucky Rosebud" in early 1891, <mask> returned for a time to cross country horse racing, participating in several events in New England, and becoming known as a jockey in Boston.He took around seven months off from boxing during the period. Famed Irish heavyweight boxing champion John L. Sullivan was a close friend. On May 30, 1892, at Sunnyside Park in Nantucket, Massachusetts, he rode Dictum to three first-place finishes in three heats, one of his greatest feats as a jockey. Returning to boxing with a strong

masks: Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir Weir


title: Ike Weir

texts:
 win on February 18, 1892 he fought Frank Steele at the New Bedford Athletic Club in New Bedford, Massachusetts, knocking him out in the twelfth round. <mask> danced the Highland Fling and Irish jig during the match, which annoyed his opponent but greatly pleased the crowd. According to one source, "The fight was fiercely fought for twelve rounds, when <mask> had punished his opponent so badly that he went to sleep for thirty-two seconds, and the "Spider" won. It was a clean knockout."The total purse was set at $600 to be divided between the contestants. On April 19, 1893, he fought a hard ten round draw against Tommy White at the Hennepin Athletic Club in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The winner would have received $500, the loser $100. At the end of ten rounds, unlike in many of <mask>'s longer fights, both fighters were fresh and uninjured, and the referee declared a draw. Late career, retirement
On March 17, 1894, <mask> was outclassed in a bout with Arthur Griffiths, known as "Young Griffo," at the Second Regiment Armory in Chicago. The Australian lightweight outweighed <mask> considerably and dominated the bout, which was stopped by the police in the third round when <mask> was down. <mask> announced retirement after the bout but returned to the ring for a few more professional bouts and exhibitions.Although the bout was officially called a draw by the referee, Griffo knocked <mask> down twice in the third round, with <mask> taking a while to get to his feet. Many in the crowd were displeased with the official Draw decision. According to the Inter Ocean, as many as five thousand were in attendance to watch "three of the fastest, fiercest and most brutal rounds ever fought in an American prize ring". One reporter noted that Young Griffo made a "veritable chopping block of <mask> O'<mask>, the "Belfast Spider"". It is important to note that according to one source,

masks:
Weir
Ike
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Weir
Ike
Neil Weir


title: Ike Weir

texts:
 Griffo may have outweighed Wier by as much as thirty pounds during the bout, though discrepancies in the weights of opponents was more common in this era of boxing. His tenth-round knockout at the hands of Mike Sears at the Hoffman Club in Lynne, Massachusetts on March 17, 1898 was his last official bout and ended his boxing career. Sears himself asked the referee to stop the bout as <mask> was helpless.<mask> was at the end of a harsh career at thirty-one, while Sears' was then years younger and had the energy of a youth. Career as a horse trainer
After quitting the ring, <mask> made a living as a horse trainer for the Vanderbilt family, and he, often accompanied by his wife, frequented the horse shows at Madison Square Garden where he could stay close to his stable. He was still training horses for wealthy clients in April 1904. He lived out his remaining days in Charlestown, Massachusetts, and died on September 12, 1908, at age 41. He had been suffering for two years from an accident he had while riding a horse, and had not improved after several operations. According to at least one source, he died bankrupt, and his medical expenses were covered by a collection taken by fans at a match a few weeks before his death. He was survived by his wife Henrietta.Professional boxing record
All information in this section is derived from BoxRec, unless otherwise noted. Official record

All newspaper decisions are officially regarded as “no decision” bouts and are not counted to the win/loss/draw column. Unofficial record

Record with the inclusion of newspaper decisions to the win/loss/draw column. Notes

References

External links

 Professional Boxing Record for <mask> <mask>, Cyber Boxing Zone

1867 births
1908 deaths
Featherweight boxers
World featherweight boxing champions
World boxing champions
Irish male boxers
Boxers from Massachusetts

English male

masks: Weir Weir Weir Ike Weir


title: Bhai Mati Das

texts:
<mask>hibber (Pandit <mask>) (Punjabi: ਭਾਈ ਮਤੀ ਦਾਸ; died 1675), along with his younger brother <mask>  were martyr of Sikh history. <mask>, <mask>, and <mask> were executed at a kotwali (police-station) in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi, under the express orders of Emperor Aurangzeb just before the martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur. <mask> was executed by being bound between two pillars and cut in two. Biography

Birth
<mask> belonged to a Saraswat Mohyal Brahmin Chibber family. He lived in the ancient village of Karyala, about ten kilometres from Chakwal on the road to the Katas Raj Temples in the Jhelum District in Punjab (Pakistan). <mask> was his younger brother. <mask> was the son of Hira Nand, a disciple of Guru Har Gobind, under whom he had fought in many battles and was a great warrior.Hira Nand was the grandson of Lakhi <mask>, the son of the Bhai Praga, who was also a martyr and had been a Jathedar (leader) in Guru Hargobind's first battle. Service of Guru Tegh Bahadur

During the time after Guru Har Krishan Sahib Ji’s physical disappearance at Delhi, and the uncertainty over who would be the next Guru, <mask> <mask> <mask>, and <mask> Sati <mask> are sometimes mentioned as being present looking for the Guru or directly after when Baba Makhan Shah Labana found Guru Tegh Bahadur in the village of Bakala where the new Guru was then residing. The new Guru entrusted all his financial activities to <mask> <mask> <mask>, and thus he is sometimes given the name Diwan <mask> <mask>, whereas <mask> Sati <mask> served Guru Tegh Bahadur as a cook. The two brothers accompanied Guru Teg Bahadur during his two-year

masks:
Bhai Mati Das Ch
Mati Das
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Bhai Dayala
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Bhai Sati Das
Bhai Mati Das
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das


title: Bhai Mati Das

texts:
 stay at Assam. Guru Tegh Bahadur then bought a hillock near the village of Makhowal five miles north of Kiratpur and established a new town, Chakk Nanaki now named Anandpur Sahib (the abode of bliss) where <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> also resided. The Guru's eastern tours
<mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> were present on the Guru's eastern tours beginning in August 1665 including the tours of Saifabad</ref> and Dhamtan (Bangar) where they were arrested perhaps because of the influence of Dhir Mal, or the Ulemas and orthodox Brahmins. The Guru was sent to Delhi and detained for one month.After being freed in December 1665, he continued his tour and <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> were again in his company particularly at Dacca, and Malda. Guru's Arrest

In 1675 the Guru was summoned by Emperor Aurangzeb to Delhi to convert to Islam. Aurangzeb was very happy that all he had to do was covert one man and the rest of the Hindus from Kashmir, Kurukshetra, Hardwar, and Beneras would follow suit. The Guru left for Delhi on his own accord but was arrested at Malikpur Rangharan near Ropar. While the Guru was traveling towards Delhi his company at this time consisted of his most devoted Sikhs including <mask> Dayala, <mask> Udai, and <mask> Jaita (Rangretta) as well as <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask>. After visiting a few places where large crowds of devotees had gathered the Guru sent <mask> Jaita and <mask> Udai to Delhi to scout ahead and report back to him and to Anandpur as well. After being arrested Guru Tegh Bahadur was taken to Sirhind and from there he was sent

masks: Bhai Mati Das Bhai Das Bhai Mati Das Bhai Das Bhai Mati Das Bhai Das Bhai Bhai Bhai Bhai Mati Das Bhai Das Bhai Bhai


title: Bhai Mati Das

texts:
 to Delhi in an iron cage.At Delhi, the Guru and his five companions were taken into the council chamber of the Red Fort. The Guru was asked numerous questions on religion, Hinduism, Sikhism and Islam, such as why he was sacrificing his life for people who wear the Janeu and the Tilak when he himself was a Sikh. The Guru answered that the Hindus were powerless and weak against tyranny. They had come to the abode of Guru Nanak as refuge, and with the same logic he would have sacrificed his life for Muslims as well. On the Guru's emphatic refusal to abjure his faith, he was asked why he was called Teg Bahadur (gladiator or Knight of the Sword; before this, his name had been Tyag Mal). <mask> <mask> <mask> immediately replied that the Guru had won the title by inflicting a heavy blow on the imperial forces at the young age of fourteen. Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Ji and his companions were ordered to be imprisoned and tortured until they agreed to embrace Islam.Guru's Martyrdom

After a few days, Guru Tegh Bahadur and three of his companions were again brought before the Qazi of the city and again the Sikhs repeated their sentiments. <mask> <mask> <mask> was offered marriage of the Nawab's daughter as well as governorship of the province if he converted to Islam. On November 11, 1675, large crowds gathered to see the Guru and the executioners were called to the kotwali (police-station) near the Sunehri Masjid in the Chandni Chowk. The Guru, who was kept in an iron cage, and his three companions were moved to the place of execution. Mughal Empire records from the 17th century explain <mask> <mask> <mask>' death as

masks: Bhai Mati Das Bhai Mati Das Bhai Mati Das


title: Bhai Mati Das

texts:
 punishment for challenging the authorities. <mask> <mask> <mask>, <mask> Dayala and <mask> Sati <mask> were then tortured and executed. Martyrdom of <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask>, the first to be martyred, was asked if he had any final wishes.He replied that he desired to be facing towards the guru on his execution. <mask> <mask> <mask> was made to stand erect between two posts and a double headed saw was placed on his head and he was sawed from his head to his loins. While this was happening, <mask> <mask> <mask> recited the Japuji Sahib. There is a mystical belief that the recitation of the Gurbani continued and was completed even though the body was in two distinct halves. Seeing this, Dyal <mask> abused the Emperor and his courtiers for this infernal act. Martyrdom of <mask> Dayala and <mask> Sati <mask> Dayala was tied up like a round bundle and put into a huge bronze cauldron of boiling oil. He was roasted alive into a block of charcoal.No sign of grief was shown by the disciples of the Guru and the Guru also witnessed this savagery with divine calm. <mask> Sati <mask> was tied to a pole and wrapped in cotton fibre. He was then set on fire by the executioner. He remained calm and peaceful and kept uttering Waheguru Gurmantar, while fire consumed his body. Martyrdom of the Guru

Early the next morning Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded by an executioner named Jalal-ud-din Jallad, who resided in the town of Samana in present-day Punjab. The spot of the execution was under a banyan tree (the trunk of the tree and well near-by where he took a bath are still preserved), opposite the Sunheri Masjid near the

masks:
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Bhai
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Das
Bhai
Bhai
Dashai
Bhai
Das


title: Bhai Mati Das

texts:
 Kotwali in Chandni Chowk, where he was lodged as a prisoner, on November 11, 1675. His head was carried by <mask> Jaita, a disciple of the Guru, to Anandpur, where the nine-year-old Guru Gobind Singh cremated it (The gurdwara at this spot is also called Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib).The body, before it could be quartered, was stolen under the cover of darkness by Lakhi Shah Vanjara, another disciple, who carried it in a cart of hay and cremated it by burning his hut. The Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib stands today at this location. Later on, the Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib, was built at Chandni Chowk at the site of Guru's martyrdom. Legacy
<mask> <mask> <mask> is regarded as a great martyr by the Sikh. The date of his martyrdom, is celebrated in certain parts of India as a public holiday. [37][38][39] <mask> <mask> <mask>' martydom finds explicit mention in the daily supplication prayers of Ardas. The Bhai Mati Das Sati Das Museum was built in honor of <mask> <mask> <mask> and <mask> Sati <mask> in Delhi opposite Gurudwara Sis Ganj Sahib, Chandni Chowk the spot where they were martyred.See also
Guru Tegh <mask> Dyal <mask> Sati Das
Guru Gobind Singh
Chhibber

References

Sources

<mask> <mask> <mask> , searchsikhism.com; accessed 12 November 2016. Kartar Singh, Sikh History Book 5, Hemkunt Press, New Delhi, India

Sikh martyrs
Punjabi people
History of Punjab
People executed for refusing to convert to Islam
Executed Indian people
People executed by the Mughal Empire
People from Jhelum District
17th-century executions in India
1621 births
1675 deaths
Victims of human rights abuses
People executed by India by

masks:
Bhai
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Mati
Das
Bhai
Das
Bahadur Bhai
Das Bhai
Bhai
Mati
Das Ji


title: Auro de Moura Andrade

texts:
<mask> (19 September 1915 – 29 May 1982), commonly known as <mask> or <mask>, was a Brazilian lawyer and politician. He was born in a wealthy family of farmers from the countryside, son of the cattle rancher <mask> Vargas, which ended closing them. Great speaker, characteristic that would follow him in his parliamentary life, <mask> was lawyer and held many positions in the State, being also director of the Commercial Association. Political career
In 1947, <mask> was elected state deputy by the National Democratic Union (UDN) and, in 1950, federal deputy. In 1954, was elected senator by the National Labor Party (PTN).Brilliant parliamentarian, joined the Social Democratic Party (PSD), which he would become highlighted. In 1961, was elected president of the Senate, which position he would hold for 7 years, always being re-elected. In 1958, was defeated after running for governor of São Paulo, occasion which Carvalho Pinto was elected with the support of Jânio Quadros. In 1962, was re-elected senator for São Paulo with more than 1 million votes. Jânio Quadros resignation
<mask> was president of the National Congress when president Jânio Quadros resigned in August 1961. Received his resign-letter and immediately called in the Congress. In 4 minutes and a half read the letter, and stated that Jânio was not in Brasília anymore and invited all the parliamentarians for the sworn of his constitutional successor, which would occur in 10 minutes.20 minutes after the summoning, declared vacancy of the presidential position, as Vice President João Goulart was in an official trip to China. A deputy threw him a microphone and another tried to take the letter from him, but in less than half an hour sworn Ranieri Mazzilli, president of the Chamber of Deputies. This meant the foreshadowing of the nearly Coup D'etat. It was denied to

masks:
Auro Soares de Moura Andrade
Auro de Moura Andrade
Moura Andrade
Antônio Joaquim de Moura Andradeio
Andrade
Auro
Auro