title: Irina Slutskaya

texts:
 Champions Series Final in Munich before winning the silver medal in January 1998 at the European Championships in Milan. In February, she competed at her first Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. Ranked fifth in the short program after her planned combination became a 2Lz-2T, <mask> performed five triples in the free skating and received two third-place votes (from the U.S. and Hungary) but placed fifth in the segment and overall. The next month, she won silver at the 1998 World Championships, coming back from a fall in the short program and successfully landing two triple-triple combinations in the free skating. 1998–99 to 2001–02 seasons
During the 1998–99 season, <mask> won a silver and two bronze medals on the Grand Prix series to qualify for her fourth Final. In January 1999, she placed fourth at the 1999 Russian Championships, leading to her omission from the Russian teams to the European and World Championships.She took bronze behind Tatiana Malinina and Butyrskaya at the Grand Prix Final, held in Saint Petersburg in March 1999. <mask> then considered leaving competition but decided to continue. <mask> made a successful comeback in the 1999–2000 season. In December 1999, she defeated Butyrskaya, the reigning World champion, to win her first Russian national title. The following month, she won the Grand Prix Final, defeating both Butyrskaya and Kwan. In second place behind Kwan ahead of the two-women "super final," <mask> landed seven triples in the final segment, including two triple-triple combinations, and became the first woman to perform a 3Lz-3Lo combination in competition. In February, she won her third European title, in Vienna, Austria.At the 2000 World Championships in Nice, France, <mask> won her qualifying pool over Kwan and placed second to Butyrskaya in the short program. She completed six triples in the free skating, with a 2S instead of her planned 3S-3Lo, and finished second overall behind Kwan. Slutskaya began the 2000–01 season in dominant fashion. After defeating Kwan to win Skate Canada

masks: Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya


title: Irina Slutskaya

type: original

texts: International, she took her fourth European title, in January 2001 in Bratislava, and then defended her Grand Prix Final title, in February in Tokyo. After winning the short program at the 2001 World Championships, in the free skating, she became the first woman to land a 3S-3Lo-2T combination. She two-footed her 3Lz-3Lo-2T combination and had problems on two other landings. The judges voted 7–2 to award the gold medal to Kwan while silver went to Slutskaya.In the 2001–02 season, <mask> won all five of her meetings with Kwan, however, she also saw a new challenge from the 2001 World bronze medalist, Sarah Hughes. After winning her first Goodwill Games title, she finished second to Hughes at Skate Canada International and then took gold at Cup of Russia. At the Grand Prix Final, <mask> performed well to win the first two segments of the event, but her second free skating contained only three clean triples. Three judges placed her third behind Kwan and Hughes but four others placed her first, giving <mask> her third GPF title. She then took her third straight Russian national title but lost her European title to Maria Butyrskaya. Third in the short program after a fall, she placed first in the free skating but it was not enough to overcome her deficit. <mask>'s next event was the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.Kwan and <mask> were ranked first and second in the short program, with Cohen and Hughes placing third and fourth, respectively. After Kwan finished below Hughes in the overall standings, <mask> had to place first in the free skating in order to win gold but Hughes won the free skating in a 5–4 decision. Hughes performed seven triples and two triple-triple combinations, while <mask> did not attempt any triple-triples and had rough landings on two jumps. Russia, still somewhat aggrieved about the outcome of an earlier dispute over the pairs competition, filed a complaint against the result but it was rejected shortly. <mask>'s silver was the second medal for a Russian competitor in an Olympic ladies' figure

masks: Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya


title: Irina Slutskaya

texts:
 skating event (Kira Ivanova took bronze at the 1984 Olympics). Later, Russian businessman and politician Anton Bakov awarded <mask> a "consolation" custom gold medal completely made of 700 grams of gold. The next month, <mask> won the 2002 World title in Nagano.Ranked first in both the qualifying round and the short program, followed by Fumie Suguri and Michelle Kwan, in theory <mask> could place second to Kwan in the free skating and still win the title but she won a majority of the judges' votes in the segment. It was her first World title. 2002–03 to 2005–06 seasons: Illness and comeback

In the 2002–03 season, <mask> took silver at the 2002 NHK Trophy and bronze at the 2002 Cup of Russia before losing her national title to Elena Sokolova at the Russian Championships in December 2002. In January 2003, she defeated Sokolova to win her fifth European title in Malmö. The following month, she took silver at the Grand Prix Final in Saint Petersburg after placing first in one segment and second to Sasha Cohen in the other two. <mask> decided not to compete at the 2003 World Championships after receiving news that her mother had fallen seriously ill, requiring a kidney transplant. The initial transplant was rejected and another one had to be performed.Soon after her mother's condition began improving, however, <mask> experienced severe fatigue and swelling in the legs, which several hospitals struggled to correctly diagnose. She missed most of the 2003–04 season. Although doctors told her that she should stay away from the cold, she elected to compete at the 2004 World Championships and finished ninth. She was diagnosed ultimately with vasculitis. In 2005, <mask> made a comeback after a long stay at a hospital. The season would be her most dominant ever — for the only time in her career she went undefeated, winning every competition she entered. She thrived under the new scoring system which heavily rewarded her jumps, spins (particularly Biellman spins), difficult footwork, and speed and power.In winning the 2005 European

masks: Irina Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya


title: Irina Slutskaya

texts:
 Championships, she matched the record for the most European titles in ladies' singles. At the 2005 World Championships, <mask> was first after the short program and skated last in the free skating, in which she performed seven triples (although one was disallowed due to 3 triple loops being performed), including a 3Lz-3Lo combination, to win her second World title. Often criticized for her lack of artistry, her beautiful and elegant performance also gained the highest PCS (artistry) scores, in addition to the highest technical ones. She said the free skating was "the skate of her life" because "she was in front of her friends and family, and she was skating at home." She also said:

On 19 January 2006, <mask> won the European Championships for the seventh time, breaking the record she had shared with Sonja Henie and Katarina Witt to become the most successful ladies' skater at the event. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, <mask> was considered the odds on favorite to win the gold medal — 15-year-old Mao Asada, who had upset her at that season's Grand Prix Final, was barred from the event due to age regulations. She was in second place after the short program by only 0.03, behind Sasha Cohen of the United States.In the free skating, <mask> doubled a triple flip and then fell on a triple loop jump. She won the bronze medal, behind gold medalist Shizuka Arakawa of Japan and silver medalist Cohen. <mask> did not compete at the 2006 World Championships the following month. She originally not planned on competing at the 2006 worlds in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, but decided before the event she would like to compete and vye for a 3rd world title, unfortunately her entry request was deemed too late and she was disallowed to compete. In November 2006, she denied reports that claimed she was retiring from competitive figure skating, saying the reports were completely false. Despite the claims she has not competed since the 2006 Torino Olympics so it seems clear she had in fact retired, but had not yet wanted to make it

masks: Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya


title: Irina Slutskaya

texts:
 public. Post-competitive career
On 10 April 2007, <mask> announced she was returning to Russia from the United States and would not participate on the 2007 Champions on Ice tour since she and her husband, Sergei, were expecting a child.<mask> stated that she enjoyed motherhood and had no plans to return to competitive skating. "I don’t see the target," she said. "I don’t know why I have to go there. I have almost all the titles." She began a career in showbusiness. She presented figure skating reality shows on Russia Channel 1 "Stars on Ice" with co-host Evgeni Plushenko and "Ice Age" with actor Marat Basharov. She has also released a CD.In 2008, she took part in a Russian TV soap opera about figure skating "Hot Ice". She also toured as the lead skater in the Russian version of the show "Winx on Ice". In November 2008, Slutskaya performed in the "Skate from the Heart" show. In 2009, she was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. In 2011, Slutskaya also participated in 2010 Winter Olympic champion Yuna Kim ice show All That Skate Summer. In October 2012, Slutskaya competed in the first Medal Winner's Open, an event for Olympic and World medalists. She placed third in the ladies' field.She was an ambassador for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, Russia. Personal life
Slutskaya was born in 1979 in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union, the only child of a Russian mother and Russian Jewish father. Slutskaya was raised in the Russian Orthodox faith and was known to cross herself in most of her competitions. Her mother was a former cross-country skier for the Soviet Union. <mask> married her boyfriend, Sergei Mikheev, in August 1999. They met each other three years earlier at a summer camp near Moscow, where Mikheev was a physical education instructor. She gave birth to a son, Artem, in November 2007 in Moscow.An only child who longed for siblings, she said she would like another baby. In October 2010, she gave birth to their second child, a daughter named Varvara. <mask> and Mikheev divorced after seventeen

masks: Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya Slutskaya


title: Irina Slutskaya

texts:
 years of marriage. She married businessman Alexei Govyrin in June 2018. In October 2019, she gave birth to her third child and first with Govyrin, a daughter named Kira. Records and achievements
 Invented the double Biellmann spin with foot change
 First Russian woman to win European title (1996)
 First woman to land triple lutz-triple loop combination in competition (2000 Grand Prix Final)
 First woman to land a triple salchow-triple loop-double toe loop combination (2001 World Championships)
 First Russian woman skater to win a silver medal at the Olympics (2002 Salt Lake City)
 Four-time Russian Nationals champion
 Record holder for most Grand Prix Final titles won by a woman. Record later tied by Mao Asada.First (and only) woman ever to win seven European titles (2006)

Results
GP: Champions Series / Grand Prix

Programs

See also
 List of select Jewish figure skaters

References

External links

  (The link is deprecated and is not related to Ms. <mask> at the moment)
  Gold and tears

! colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #78FF78;" | World record holders

1979 births
Living people
Russian female single skaters
Olympic figure skaters of Russia
Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Russian people of Jewish descent
Figure skaters from Moscow
Olympic medalists in figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Goodwill Games medalists in figure skating
Season-end world number one figure skaters
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
Competitors at the 1999 Winter Universiade
Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism alumni
Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill


title: Ray King (footballer)

texts:
<mask> (15 August 1924 – 19 July 2014) was an English football goalkeeper. He made 254 league appearances in an 11-year career in the Football League. He was the younger brother of Frank and <mask>. He began his career with Newcastle United, but spent World War II in the army, and also had to contend with a catalogue of injuries. After the war, he played for Leyton Orient, before injury again forced him out of the professional game. He spent time with Ashington, before making another comeback in May 1949, this time with Port Vale. He was in goal for the "Valiants" in one of the club's brightest periods, helping them to win the Third Division North title and to reach the FA Cup semi-finals in 1953–54.He won one cap for the England "B" team, and later went into management with non-league clubs Boston United, Poole Town and Sittingbourne. He later worked as a physiotherapist, and also spent time behind the scenes at Oxford United, Luton Town, Southampton. Early life
<mask>, the youngest of three brothers, was born in the Northumberland mining village of Radcliffe on 15 August 1924. The family were evicted from their colliery house after his father was suspected of instigating a miner's strike. They briefly attempted to run a fish and chip shop, but had to give up the business when elder brother Frank accidentally burnt the house down. At age eight, he moved with his family to the town of Amble, where his father had secured a position as a check weighman. After he left school at age 14, <mask> began a five-year painter and decorator apprenticeship.Not long after the outbreak of World War II, he spent two years serving in the Home Guard, under the command of his father. He was enlisted into the army in December 1942. He served in the King's Own Royal Regiment, leading his comrades to remark that

masks:
Raymond King
George King
Raymond King
King


title: Ray King (footballer)

texts:
 "he even has his own regiment!". Club career
<mask> began his career playing wartime football for Newcastle United, signing a contract of thirty shillings for every first team appearance, plus a £10 signing-on fee. He made his first team debut at age 17 against rivals Sunderland at St James' Park. In his autobiography, he states that the night before his debut he slept at a teammate's house, and had to sleep in an armchair after the teammate made gay advances towards him in the only bed in the house. The match, the last of the 1941–42 season, finished level at 2–2.However, during an army cup final, he received a blow on his left knee that resulted in synovitis. After recovering from this injury, defender Ron Suart under-hit a back pass, and the resulting collision between <mask> and the onrushing attacker led to a thumb injury. He rose to the rank of Corporal, and also guested for Chester City during World War II. In goal for the "Seals" at Goodison Park, Everton's Tommy Lawton hit a penalty shot so hard that it broke <mask>'s right wrist. He played 15 games at outside-right with his broken wrist in plaster. After his recovery, he continued to play for the "Magpies" in 1945, but again broke his wrist after punching the crossbar in an attempt to save a shot from Bradford Park Avenue's Len Shackleton. He returned from his injury to play under Charlie Hewitt at Leyton Orient, but broke his left wrist in his debut against Northampton Town.He took his plaster off early, and again broke the wrist in a reserve team clash with Charlton Athletic, leaving him in plaster until May 1947. This was his last game for the "O's", and soon after he departed Brisbane Road. After leaving the army, he returned to play in outfield Amble of the Northern Alliance, only to break his jaw. He returned from injury

masks: King King King


title: Ray King (footballer)

texts: once again, and was signed to non-league Ashington in 1948. He joined his brother George at Port Vale in May 1949. On his arrival <mask> stated that The Old Recreation Ground was like 'some shanty town out west' and compared the dressing room to 'a dungeon', despite which somehow he 'felt completely at home'. He immediately established himself between the sticks, making 43 appearances to George Heppell's three in 1949–50.However his brother was sold to Barrow, and the two never played on the same team again. <mask> featured 33 times in 1950–51, in Gordon Hodgson's last season as manager. <mask> survived Ivor Powell's 'reign of terror' at the start of the 1951–52 season, and remained with the "Valiants" for the beginning of Freddie Steele's reign. Powell never selected <mask>, as club chairman William Holdcroft was in a dispute with <mask> over accommodation he had given him. <mask> played only 19 Third Division South that season, and featured in just three Third Division North games in 1952–53, as <mask> briefly established himself as the club's preferred goalkeeper. <mask> was once again injured, this time after Steele severely damaged his hand during a practice match, apparently whilst still angry with <mask> for conceding a goal to his brother in a defeat to Bradford City at Valley Parade. The 1953–54 season was one of the most successful in Port Vale's history, as the club won the Third Division North title and reached the FA Cup semi-finals.<mask> played all but one of Vale's 54 games that season, and was ably assisted by an 'Iron Curtain' defence consisting of Tommy Cheadle, Reg Potts, Stan Turner, and Roy Sproson. He kept 29 clean sheets during the campaign, a club record. He achieved this despite playing the second half of the season with a chipped bone in his right knee, following

masks:
King
King
King
King
King
King
Ray Hancock
King
King
King


title: Ray King (footballer)

texts:
 a knock sustained in a defeat to Hartlepools United at Victoria Park. He missed just one Second Division game in the 1954–55 season, and played the FA Cup defeat to Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane despite splitting open his hand. At the end of the season he was offered a £2,500 to throw the match against promotion-chasing Rotherham United; he refused the offer and in fact saved a penalty that would have secured the "Millers" a promotion into the First Division. He featured 41 times in 1955–56, despite spending a brief period on the sidelines after being 'pole-axed' at Filbert Street by Leicester City duo Arthur Rowley and Willie Gardner. He played 39 times in 1956–57, but the arrival of new boss Norman Low signalled the end of <mask>'s time at Vale Park and the goalkeeper handed in a transfer request.After 275 matches (23 FA Cup and 252 league) he was sold to Boston United for £2,500 in July 1957, where he became player-manager. International career
<mask> made one international appearance for England 'B' on 22 May 1954 when he played the first half in a 2–0 defeat by their Swiss equivalents, before giving way to George Thompson at half time. He later toured with the full England squad, but never won a senior cap. He instead sat on the bench as cover for Reg Matthews. Coaching career
<mask> managed Boston United from 1957 to 1960. The "Pilgrims" were elected to the Southern League from the Midland League in 1958. They finished third in 1958–59 and ninth in 1959–60.He departed York Street after former chairman Ernest Malkensen returned to the club and re-appointed former manager <mask>. He then took charge at Poole Town, who had just released all but one of their first team squad. He won one promotion with the "Dolphins", as they finished as runners-up of the Southern League Division

masks:
King
King
King
Ray Middleton


title: Ray King (footballer)

texts:
 One in 1961–62. He also led them to the First Round of the FA Cup, before they then took Watford to a replay following a 2–2 draw at Vicarage Road. In 1963, he left Poole after only being offered a one-year contract, and took the management post at Sittingbourne. However he quickly left the "Brickies" after the club encountered trouble in paying his wages. <mask> then coached at Oxford United under Arthur Turner.He gave pre-match massages to Ron Atkinson, who he stated had "the meatiest legs I had ever seen". <mask> was offered the management position at Cambridge United, but a pay rise convinced him to stay at the Manor Ground. However he was sacked by Turner for 'disloyalty' after he applied for the management position at Cardiff City. He made a return to the Football League in November 1971, when he was appointed youth team manager at Luton Town by Harry Haslam. His charges included future professionals <mask>, Alan Biley, Lil Fuccillo, and Dave Carr. However he fell out with Haslam, and left Kenilworth Road during the 1974–75 campaign. He later did scouting work for Southampton, though quit the role after finding his payment did not meet the costs of driving to watch the players he was scouting.Personal life and post-retirement
He married wife Norma in October 1949. They were one month off celebrating their golden wedding anniversary, when Norma died. Together they had a son, Gary, in 1951; he became an educator, who taught in Bermuda, New York, and Thailand. After leaving Oxford, <mask> dabbled in physiotherapy, and worked as a masseur at RAF Brize Norton. He failed to find success as a private masseur in Poole, his only customer being a man who left after he discovered his belief that wife Norma would be giving the massage was erroneous. He later worked as a salesman, before becoming

masks:
King
King
Andy King
King


title: Ray King (footballer)

texts:
 a P.E. instructor; in this capacity he taught aspiring cricketer Mark Austin, who went on to become a well-known journalist.After leaving Luton, <mask> was employed by the Department for Education as a painting and decorating supervisor for a government training programme. Returning to physiotherapy, he built up a list of clients, including John Lennon. As a physiotherapist in the early 1990s, he was accused of sexually assaulting a female patient, and cleared his name following a four-day trial. He released an autobiography, entitled Hands, Feet and Balls, of which only 1,500 copies were printed. In 2011, he released a second book, entitled To the End of the Road. He also wrote columns for the Bangkok Post and The Ambler, a newspaper based in his home town of Amble. <mask> died after a fall at his home in Bangkok, Thailand on 19 July 2014.Statistics
Source:

Honours
Port Vale
Football League Third Division North runner-up: 1952–53
Football League Third Division North winner: 1953–54

Poole Town
Southern Football League First Division runner-up: 1961–62

References
Specific

General

1924 births
2014 deaths
Footballers from Northumberland
King's Own Royal Regiment soldiers
British Home Guard soldiers
British Army personnel of World War II
English footballers
England B international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Newcastle United F.C. players
Chester City F.C. wartime guest players
Ashington A.F.C. players
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Boston United F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players
Association football player-managers
English football managers
Boston United F.C.managers
Southern Football League managers
Association football coaches
Association football scouts
English autobiographers
Military personnel from

masks: King King


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts:
<mask> (; 30 May 1875 – 15 April 1944) was an Italian neo-Hegelian idealist philosopher, educator, and fascist politician. The self-styled "philosopher of Fascism", he was influential in providing an intellectual foundation for Italian Fascism, and ghostwrote part of The Doctrine of Fascism (1932) with Benito Mussolini. He was involved in the resurgence of Hegelian idealism in Italian philosophy and also devised his own system of thought, which he called "actual idealism" or "actualism", which has been described as "the subjective extreme of the idealist tradition". Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born in Castelvetrano, Italy. He was inspired by Risorgimento-era Italian intellectuals such as Mazzini, Rosmini, Gioberti, and Spaventa from whom he borrowed the idea of autoctisi, "self-construction", but also strongly influenced and mentored by the German idealist and materialist schools of thought – namely Karl Marx, Hegel, and Fichte, with whom he shared the ideal of creating a Wissenschaftslehre (Epistemology), a theory for a structure of knowledge that makes no assumptions. Friedrich Nietzsche, too, influenced him, as seen in an analogy between Nietzsche's Übermensch and <mask>'s Uomo Fascista. In religion he presented himself as a Catholic (of sorts), and emphasised actual idealism's Christian heritage; Antonio G. Pesce insists that 'there is in fact no doubt that <mask> was a Catholic', but he occasionally identified himself as an atheist, albeit one who was still culturally a Catholic.He won a fierce competition to become one of four exceptional students of the

masks:
Giovanni Gentile
Giovanni Gentile
Gentile
Gentile


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts:
 prestigious Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, where he enrolled in the Faculty of Humanities. In 1898 he graduated in Letters and Philosophy with a dissertation titled Rosmini e Gioberti, that he realized
under the supervision of Donato Jaja, a disciple of Bertrando Spaventa. During his academic career, <mask> served in a number of positions, including as:
 Professor of the History of Philosophy at the University of Palermo (27 March 1910);
 Professor of Theoretical Philosophy at the University of Pisa (9 August 1914);
 Professor of the History of Philosophy at the University of Rome (11 November 1917), and later as Professor of Theoretical Philosophy (1926);
 Commissioner of the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa (1928–32), and later as its Director (1932–43); and
 Vice President of Bocconi University in Milan (1934–44). Involvement with Fascism
In 1922, <mask> was named Minister of Public Education for the government of Benito Mussolini. In this capacity he instituted the "Riforma Gentile" – a reformation of the secondary school system that had a long-lasting impact on Italian education. His philosophical works included The Theory of Mind as Pure Act (1916) and Logic as Theory of Knowledge (1917), with which he defined actual idealism, a unified metaphysical system reinforcing his sentiments that philosophy isolated from life, and life isolated from philosophy, are but two identical modes of backward cultural bankruptcy. For <mask>, this theory indicated how philosophy could directly influence, mould, and penetrate life; or, how philosophy could govern life.In 1925, <mask> headed

masks: Gentile Gentile Gentile Gentile


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts: two constitutional reform commissions that helped establish the corporate state of Fascism. He would go on to serve as president of the Fascist state's Grand Council of Public Education (1926–28), and even gained membership on the powerful Fascist Grand Council (1925–29). <mask>'s philosophical system – the foundation of all Fascist philosophy – viewed thought as all-embracing: no-one could actually leave his or her sphere of thought, nor exceed his or her thought. Reality was unthinkable, except in relation to the activity by means of which it becomes thinkable, positing that as a unity — held in the active subject and the discrete abstract phenomena that reality comprehends – wherein each phenomenon, when truly realised, was centered within that unity; therefore, it was innately spiritual, transcendent, and immanent, to all possible things in contact with the unity. <mask> used that philosophic frame to systematize every item of interest that now was subject to the rule of absolute self-identification – thus rendering as correct every consequence of the hypothesis. The resultant philosophy can be interpreted as an idealist foundation for Legal Naturalism. <mask> was described by Mussolini, and by himself, as "the philosopher of Fascism"; moreover, he was the ghostwriter of the first part of the essay The Doctrine of Fascism (1932), attributed to Mussolini.It was first published in 1932, in the Italian Encyclopedia, wherein he described the traits characteristic of Italian Fascism at the time: compulsory state corporatism, Philosopher Kings, the abolition of the parliamentary

masks:
Gentile
Gentile
Giovanni Gentile


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts:
 system, and autarky. He also wrote the Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals which was signed by a number of writers and intellectuals, including Luigi Pirandello, Gabriele D'Annunzio, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Giuseppe Ungaretti. Final years and death

<mask> became a member of the Fascist Grand Council in 1925, and remained loyal to Mussolini even after the fall of the Fascist government in 1943. He supported Mussolini's establishment of the "Republic of Salò", a puppet state of Nazi Germany, despite having criticized its anti-Jewish laws, and accepted an appointment in its government. <mask> was the last president of the Royal Academy of Italy (1943–1944). In 1944 a group of communist GAP partisans led by Bruno Fanciullacci assassinated <mask> as he returned from the prefecture in Florence. <mask> was buried in the church of Santa Croce in Florence.Philosophy
Benedetto Croce wrote that <mask> "... holds the honor of having been the most rigorous neo-Hegelian in the entire history of Western philosophy and the dishonor of having been the official philosopher of Fascism in Italy." His philosophical basis for fascism was rooted in his understanding of ontology and epistemology, in which he found vindication for the rejection of individualism, and acceptance of collectivism, with the state as the ultimate location of authority and loyalty outside of which individuality had no meaning (and which in turn helped justify the totalitarian dimension of fascism). The conceptual relationship between <mask>'s actual idealism and his conception of fascism is not self-evident. The

masks: Gentile Gentile Gentile Gentile Gentile Gentile


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts: supposed relationship does not appear to be based on logical deducibility. That is, actual idealism does not entail a fascist ideology in any rigorous sense. <mask> enjoyed fruitful intellectual relations with Croce from 1899 – and particularly during their joint editorship of La Critica from 1903 to 1922 – but broke philosophically and politically from Croce in the early 1920s over <mask>'s embrace of fascism. (Croce assesses their philosophical disagreement in Una discussione tra filosofi amici in Conversazioni Critiche, II.)Ultimately, <mask> foresaw a social order wherein opposites of all kinds weren't to be considered as existing independently from each other; that 'publicness' and 'privateness' as broad interpretations were currently false as imposed by all former kinds of government, including capitalism and communism; and that only the reciprocal totalitarian state of Corporatism, a fascist state, could defeat these problems which are made from reifying as an external reality that which is in fact, to Gentile, only a reality in thinking. Whereas it was common in the philosophy of the time to see the conditional subject as abstract and the object as concrete, <mask> postulated (after Hegel) the opposite, that the subject is concrete and the object a mere abstraction (or rather, that what was conventionally dubbed "subject" is in fact only conditional object, and that the true subject is the act of being or essence of the object). <mask> was, because of his actualist system, a notable philosophical presence across Europe during his time. At its base, <mask>'s brand of idealism


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts: asserted the primacy of the "pure act" of thinking. This act is foundational to all human experience – it creates the phenomenal world – and involves a process of "reflective awareness" (in Italian, "l'atto del pensiero, pensiero pensante") that is constitutive of the Absolute and revealed in education. <mask>'s emphasis on seeing Mind as the Absolute signaled his "revival of the idealist doctrine of the autonomy of the mind." It also connected his philosophical work to his vocation as a teacher.In actual idealism, then, pedagogy is transcendental and provides the process by which the Absolute is revealed. His idea of a transcending truth above positivism garnered particular attention by emphasizing that all modes of sensation only take the form of ideas within one's mind; in other words, they are mental constructs. To <mask>, for example, even the correlation of the function and location of the physical brain with the functions of the physical body was merely a consistent creation of the mind, and not of the brain (itself a creation of the mind). Observations like this have led some commentators to view <mask>'s philosophy as a kind of "absolute solipsism," expressing the idea "that only the spirit or mind is real". Actual idealism also touches on ideas of concern to theology. An example of actual idealism in theology is the idea that although man may have invented the concept of God, it does not make God any less real in any possible sense, so long as God is not presupposed to exist as abstraction, and except in case qualities about what existence actually entails (i.e. being

masks: Gentile Gentile Gentile


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts:
 invented apart from the thinking that makes it) are presupposed.Benedetto Croce objected that <mask>'s "pure act" is nothing other than Schopenhauer's will. Therefore, <mask> proposed a form of what he called "absolute Immanentism" in which the divine was the present conception of reality in the totality of one's individual thinking as an evolving, growing and dynamic process. Many times accused of solipsism, <mask> maintained his philosophy to be a Humanism that sensed the possibility of nothing beyond what was colligate in perception; the self's human thinking, in order to communicate as immanence is to be human like oneself, made a cohesive empathy of the self-same, without an external division, and therefore not modeled as objects to one's own thinking. Whereas solipsism would feel trapped in realization of its solitude, actualism rejects such a privation and is an expression of the only freedom which is possible within objective contingencies, where the transcendental Self does not even exist as an object, and the dialectical co-substantiation of others necessary to understand the empirical self are felt as true others when found to be the unrelativistic subjectivity of that whole self and essentially unified with the spirit of such higher self in actu, where others can be truly known, rather than thought as windowless monads. Phases of his thought
A number of developments in <mask>'s thought and career helped to define his philosophy, including:
 the definition of Actual Idealism in his work Theory of the Pure Act (1903);
 his support for the invasion of Libya (1911) and the


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts:
 entry of Italy into World War I (1915);
 his dispute with Benedetto Croce over the historic inevitability of Fascism;
 his role as minister of education (1922–24);
 his belief that Fascism could be made subservient to his philosophical thought, along with his gathering of influence through the work of students like Armando Carlini (leader of the so-called "right Gentilians") and Ugo Spirito (who applied Gentile's philosophy to social problems and helped codify Fascist political theory); and
 his work on the Enciclopedia Italiana (1925–43; first edition finished in 1936). Gentile's definition of and vision for Fascism

Gentile considered Fascism the fulfillment of the Risorgimento ideals, particularly those represented by Giuseppe Mazzini and the Historical Right party. Gentile sought to make his philosophy the basis for Fascism.However, with <mask>, the "problem of the party" existed by virtue of the fact that the Fascist "party", as such, arose organically rather than from a tract or pre-established socio-political doctrine. This complicated the matter for <mask> as it left no consensus to any way of thinking among Fascists, but ironically this aspect was to <mask>'s view of how a state or party doctrine should live out its existence: with natural organic growth and dialectical opposition intact. The fact that Mussolini gave credence to <mask>'s view points via <mask>'s authorship helped with an official consideration, even though the "problem of the party" continued to exist for Mussolini as well. <mask> placed himself within the Hegelian tradition, but also sought to distance

masks: Gentileascism Gentile Gentile Gentile Gentile Gentile


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts: himself from those views he considered erroneous. He criticized Hegel's dialectic (of Idea-Nature-Spirit), and instead proposed that everything is Spirit, with the dialectic residing in the pure act of thinking. <mask> believed Marx's conception of the dialectic to be the fundamental flaw of his application to system making. To the neo-Hegelian Gentile, Marx had made the dialectic into an external object, and therefore had abstracted it by making it part of a material process of historical development.The dialectic to Gentile could only be something of human precepts, something that is an active part of human thinking. It was, to Gentile, concrete subject and not abstract object. This Gentile expounded by how humans think in forms wherein one side of a dual opposite could not be thought of without its complement. "Upward" wouldn't be known without "downward" and "heat" couldn't be known without "cold", while each are opposites they are co-dependent for either one's realization: these were creations that existed as dialectic only in human thinking and couldn't be confirmed outside of which, and especially could not be said to exist in a condition external to human thought like independent matter and a world outside of personal subjectivity or as an empirical reality when not conceived in unity and from the standpoint of the human mind. To Gentile, Marx's externalizing of the dialectic was essentially a fetishistic mysticism. Though when viewed externally thus, it followed that Marx could then make claims to the effect of what state or condition the dialectic objectively existed in


title: Giovanni Gentile

texts: history, a posteriori of where any individual's opinion was while comporting oneself to the totalized whole of society. i.e.people themselves could by such a view be ideologically 'backwards' and left behind from the current state of the dialectic and not themselves be part of what is actively creating the dialectic as-it-is. <mask> thought this was absurd, and that there was no 'positive' independently existing dialectical object. Rather, the dialectic was natural to the state, as-it-is. Meaning that the interests composing the state are composing the dialectic by their living organic process of holding oppositional views within that state, and unified therein. It being the mean condition of those interests as ever they exist. Even criminality is unified as a necessarily dialectic to be subsumed into the state and a creation and natural outlet of the dialectic of the positive state as ever it is. This view (influenced by the Hegelian theory of the state) justified the corporative system, where in the individualized and particular interests of all divergent groups were to be personably incorporated into the state ("Stato etico") each to be considered a bureaucratic branch of the state itself and given official leverage.Gentile, rather than believing the private to be swallowed synthetically within the public as Marx would have it in his objective dialectic, believed that public and private were a priori identified with each other in an active and subjective dialectic: one could not be subsumed fully into the other as they already are beforehand the same. In such a manner each is the


title: Giovanni Gentile

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 Renaissance. XVI. Vichian Studies. XVII.The legacy of Vittorio Alfieri. XVIII–XIX. History of Italian philosophy from Genovesi to Galluppi (vol.2). XXXXI. Albori of the new Italy (vol.2). XXII. Vincenzo Cook.Studies and notes. XXIII. Gino Capponi and Tuscan culture in the decimony of the century. XXIV. Manzoni and Leopardi. XXV. Rosmini and Gioberti.XXVI. The prophets of the Italian Risorgimento. XXVII. Reform of Hegelian Dialectics. XXVIII. Marx's philosophy. XXIX.Bertrando Spaventa. XXX. The sunset of the Sicilian culture. XXXI-XXXIV. The origins of contemporary philosophy in Italy. (Vol. I: Platonists, Vol II: Positivists, Vol III and IV: Neo-Kantians and Hegelians).XXXV. Modernism and the relationship between religion and philosophy. Various works

XXXVI. Introduction to philosophy. XXXVII. Religious Speeches. XXXVIII.Defense of philosophy. XXXIX. Education and lay school. XL. The new middle school. XLI. School Reform in Italy.XLII. Preliminaries in the study of the child. XLIII. War and Faith. XLIV. After the win. XLV-XLVI.Politics and Culture (Vol. 2). Letter collections

I–II. Letter from Gentile-Jaja (Vol. 2)
III–VII. Letters to Benedetto Croce (Vol. 5)
VIII.Letter from Gentile-D'Ancona
IX. Letter from Gentile-Omodeo
X. Letter from Gentile-Maturi
XI. Letter from Gentile-Pintor
XII. Letter from Gentile-Chiavacci
XIII. Letter from Gentile-Calogero
XIV. Letter from Gentile-Donati

Notes

References
 A. James Gregor, <mask>: Philosopher of Fascism.Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2001. Further reading
English
 Brown, Merle E. (1966). Neo-idealistic Aesthetics:


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 Croce-Gentile-Collingwood, Wayne State University Press. Brown, Merle E., "Respice Finem: The Literary Criticism of <mask>," in Italica, Vol. 47, No. 1 (Spring, 1970). Crespi, Angelo (1926).Contemporary Thought of Italy, Williams and Norgate, Limited. De Ruggiero, Guido, "G. Gentile: Absolute Idealism." in Modern Philosophy, Part IV, Chap. III, (George Allen & Unwin, 1921). Evans, Valmai Burwood, "The Ethics of <mask>tile," in International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 39, No. 2 (Jan. 1929).Evans, Valmai Burwood, "Education in the Philosophy of <mask>," in International Journal of Ethics, Vol. 43, No. 2 (Jan. 1933). Gregor, James A., "<mask> and the Philosophy of the Young Karl Marx," in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 24, No. 2 (April–June 1963). Gregor, James A.(2004). Origins and Doctrine of Fascism: With Selections from Other Works by <mask>. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers
 Gregor, James A. (2009). Mussolini's Intellectuals: Fascist Social and Political Thought, Princeton University Press. Gullace, <mask>, "The Dante Studies of <mask>tile," Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society, No. 90 (1972).Harris, H. S. (1966). The Social Philosophy of <mask>tile, U. of Illinois Press. Holmes, Roger W. (1937). The Idealism of <mask>tile The Macmillan Company. Horowitz, Irving Louis, "On the Social Theories of <mask>tile," in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 23, No. 2 (Dec. 1962).Lion, Aline (1932). The Idealistic Conception of Religion; Vico, Hegel, <mask>, Oxford: The Clarendon Press. Lyttleton, Adrian, ed. (1973). Italian Fascisms: From Pareto to

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title: Giovanni Gentile

texts:
 Gentile, Harper & Row. Minio-Paluello, L. (1946). Education in Fascist Italy, Oxford University Press.Moss, M. E. (2004). Mussolini's Fascist Philosopher: <mask> Reconsidered, Lang. Roberts, David D. (2007). Historicism and Fascism in Modern Italy, University of Toronto Press. Romanell, Patrick (1937). The Philosophy of <mask>tile, Columbia University. Romanell, Patrick (1946).Croce versus Gentile, S. F. Vanni. Runes, Dagobert D., ed. (1955). Treasury of Philosophy, Philosophical Library, New York. Santillana, George de, "The Idealism of <mask>tile," in Isis, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Nov. 1938).Smith, J.A. "The Philosophy of <mask>tile," Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, New Series, Vol. 20, (1919–1920). Smith, William A. (1970). <mask> on the Existence of God, Beatrice-Naewolaerts. Spirito, Ugo, "The Religious Feeling of <mask>tile," in East and West, Vol.5, No. 2 (July 1954). Thompson, Merritt Moore (1934). The Educational Philosophy of <mask>tile, University of Southern California. Turi, Gabrielle, "<mask>tile: Oblivion, Remembrance, and Criticism," in The Journal of Modern History, Vol. 70, No. 4 (December 1998).In Italian
 <mask> (Augusto del Noce, Bologna: Il Mulino, 1990)
 <mask> filosofo europeo (Salvatore Natoli, Turin: Bollati Boringhieri, 1989)
 <mask> (Antimo Negri, Florence: La Nuova Italia, 1975)
 Faremo una grande università: Girolamo Palazzina-<mask>; Un epistolario (1930–1938), a cura di Marzio Achille Romano (Milano: Edizioni Giuridiche Economiche Aziendali dell'Università Bocconi e Giuffré editori S.p.A., 1999)
 Parlato, Giuseppe. "<mask>: From the Risorgimento to

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title: Giovanni Gentile

texts:
 Fascism." Trans. Stefano Maranzana. TELOS 133 (Winter 2005): pp. 75–94. Antonio Cammarana, Proposizioni sulla filosofia di <mask>, prefazione del Sen. Armando Plebe, Roma, Gruppo parliamentare MSI-DN, Senato della Repubblica, 1975, 157 Pagine, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze BN 758951.Antonio Cammarana, Teorica della reazione dialettica : filosofia del postcomunismo'', Roma, Gruppo parliamentare MSI-DN, Senato della Repubblica, 1976, 109 Pagine, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Firenze BN 775492. External links

 Castelvetrano website

Media talks by Diego Fusaro captioned in English:
Diego Fusaro: <mask>'s Philosophy of Pure Act
Diego Fusaro: The Idealism of Karl Marx, according to <mask>
Diego Fusaro: The Act of <mask> & Antonio Gramsci's Praxis
Emanuele Severino & Diego Fusaro: Action & Becoming. About <mask> & Antonio Gramsci
Diego Fusaro: <mask>'s Philosophy. An Introduction
Diego Fusaro: Idealism & Practice; Fichte, Marx & Gentile
Diego Fusaro: We Must Think Outside The Box (Gramsci, Pound, Gentile)

1875 births
1944 deaths
People from Castelvetrano
20th-century Italian philosophers
Continental philosophers
Education ministers of Italy
Mussolini Cabinet
Government ministers of Italy
Fascist writers
Hegelian philosophers
Historians of fascism
Idealists
Italian atheists
Italian fascists
Italian anti-communists
Members of the Royal Academy of Italy
People of the Italian Social Republic
Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
University of Pisa faculty
20th-century Italian politicians
Burials at Basilica of Santa Croce, Florence
Deaths by firearm in

masks:
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title: Rajanikanta Sen

texts:
<mask> (26 July 1865 – 13 September 1910) was a Bengali poet and composer, known for his devotional (bhakti) compositions, as well as his patriotic songs. Early life, education and profession

<mask> was born in a Vaidya family in the village of Bhangabari, Sirajganj of Pabna district,presently situated at Bangladesh. He was the third child of <mask> and Manomohini Debi. <mask>'s sister Ambuja Sundari Dasgupta was a renowned poet too. Originally, his ancestors hailed from Sahadevpur village under Tangail Subdivision of Mymensingh District on right side of Brahmaputra in Bangladesh. When Rajanikanta's great grand father Jogiram died, his pregnant wife Karunamoyee came to his Brother's residence at Bhangabari village and gave birth to Golaknath, grand father of Rajanikanta. Though Golaknath was deprived of higher education due to financial constraints, he imparted best of education to his two sons, Govindanath and Guruprasad.Govindanath practiced law in the court of Rajshahi in Bangladesh. Guruprasad, father of <mask>, passed LLB from Dacca university and became a sub-judge. He served as sub-judge in many parts of Bengal, such as Rangpur, Dinajpur, Bhagalpur, Munger, Kalna, and Katwa, and finally came to Krishnanagar and retired.Guruprasad was posted in Katwa when <mask> was born. <mask> started his schooling at Boalia Zilla School (now Rajshahi Collegiate School). He learned Sanskrit from Rajnath Tarkaratna, a neighbour in his village Bhangakuthi during school vacations. He got Gopal Chandra Lahiri as his academic mentor. In 1882 he passed Entrance Examination from Coochbihar Jenkins School.Other claims such as he was from Koochbihar are of no substance. Then he came to Calcutta and passed FA in 1885 with

masks:
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Guruprasad Sen
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title: Rajanikanta Sen

texts:
 second division. He completed BA degree in 1889 and BL degree in 1891 from Kolkata City College. He too then started practicing law in Rajshahi where Govindanath was practicing. Rajanikanta earned reputation quickly. However, his passion lay in cultural activities like music, literature, acting in plays etc. In this endeavor he received support from his friends such as historian Akshay Kumar Maitreya, and also from his wife.He worked as a Munsif for some days in Natore and Naogaon. Orientation towards Music
Rajanikanta's father Guruprasad was inclined to poetry and music, and was a composer of Vaishnab and Shiva-Durga songs (Padabali). Guruprasad collected age old Vaishnava lyrics in Brajabuli dialect from Katwa-Kalna area and compiled them into a book titled Padachintamanimala. His mother Manomohini Devi had interest in Bengali literature. She used to discuss it with young Rajanikanta. All these influenced his future compositions a lot. <mask> got interested in music from Tarakeshwar Chakrabarty, his friend in Bhangabari.He was fluent in writing poems in Bengali and Sanskrit from childhood. He started composing music for his poems and singing those along with playing musical instruments later. <mask>'s poems were published in various local magazines such as Utsaha, Ashalata etc. He used to compose songs for inaugural and closing ceremonies for various assemblies in his college days even in very short notice. One such song is stated below, which Rajanikanta composed within a very short period of one hour for such an assembly in Rajshahi library:

Personal life

After the voluntary retirement of his father the family of Rajanikanta became financially dependent on Guruprasad's elder brother's sons Barada

masks: Sen Rajanikanta


title: Rajanikanta Sen

texts:
 Gobinda and Kali Kumar. Both of them died suddenly in quick succession in 1878. Rajani's younger brother Janakikanta had also just died of hydrophobia.Suddenly the prosperous family plunged into a financial crisis. <mask> had to study and practice law to support the family. However, he expressed his dislikes towards the profession in a letter written to Sri Sarat Kumar Ray. He married Hiranmayee Devi in 1883, who used to discuss with and encouraged Rajanikanta regarding his poetry and sometimes suggested themes for the poems. They had four sons – Shachindra, Gnanendra, Bhupendra, Kshitindra; and two daughters - Shatadalbasini and Shantibala. Bhupendra died at a young age. Rajani's firm belief in God is reflected in the following song composed on the next day:

Contribution to Bengali music and literature
Rajanikanta's songs may be classified into four categories:
Devotional (ভক্তি মূলক), Patriotic (দেশাত্মবোধক), Humanitarian (মানবধর্মী) and Satire (হাস্যরসাত্মক).There was an assembly in Calcutta town hall on 7 August 1905 for protesting against Partition of Bengal. The boycott of British goods and using Swadeshi (Indian) items were decided by eminent Bengali leaders. Indian common men started using clothes manufactured in India. However, those were not so fine as compared to British ones. This made some of the Indians unhappy. In this context <mask> wrote his famous song:

The song became popular across entire Bengal and so was <mask>. The song was a major source of inspiration for the participants of the contemporary Swadeshi movement as well as for the Indian freedom fighters in the years to come.He wrote another popular song with similar intention:

Three books written by <mask> were published in his

masks: Rajanikanta Rajanikanta Sen Rajanikanta


title: Rajanikanta Sen

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 life time; they were Bani (বাণী) (1902), Kalyani (কল্যাণী) (1905) and Amrita (অমৃত) (1910). Durgadas Lahiri in his encyclopedia of Bengali songs (বাঙালির গান), published in 1905, mentioned about <mask> <mask>:

After his demise five compilations of his creations were published, they were  Avoya (অভয়া) (1910), Anandamayi (আনন্দময়ী) (1910), Bishram (বিশ্রাম) (1910), Sadbhabkusum (সদ্ভাবকুসুম) (1913) and Shesdan ( শেষদান) (1916). Vani and Kalyani are collections of his songs. Amrita contains short poems to inculcate the right values in children. Rabindranath Tagore's Kanika influenced him to compose these poems. He started composing satirical songs being  influenced by poet Dwijendralal Ray, who was befreiended with him during Ray's visit to Rajshahi. <mask>'s major contribution towards Bengali literature and music was the immortal devotional songs which were written and composed by him.His songs were set to Hindustani classical style, mixing Kirtan, Baul and Tappa. He became well known as Kantakabi and his songs are often called Kantageeti. <mask>'s's songs in Bengali films

Contribution to Indian freedom movement
Indian National Movement, the Swadeshi movement in particular, greatly influenced contemporary literature. Eminent poets including Rabindranath Tagore, Dwijendralal Roy, Debabrata Basu, Satyendranath Dutta, Atul <mask> and <mask>'s contribution  came through their patriotic poems and songs, and widely acknowledged with reverence. <mask> was very close to Jaladhar <mask>. One of such many incidences was cited by Jaladhar <mask> himself:  The song was "মায়ের দেওয়া মোটা কাপড় মাথায় তুলে নে রে ভাই" (Mayer deoa mota kapor mathay tule ne re bhai). Last days

In 1909, <mask> started suffering from

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title: Rajanikanta Sen

texts:
 throat problems. On 10 September, he was forced to move to Calcutta along with some family members.A British doctor examined him and diagnosed it as Larynx cancer. He consulted various doctors in Calcutta but his condition did not improve. As a last resort, he spent a couple of months in Varanasi with the hope of divine intervention. He had to sell off copyrights of his published books Vani and Kalyani to arrange for the trip. He had to return to Calcutta as his condition had worsened much. He underwent Tracheotomy operation by Captain Denham White on 10 February 1910 in Calcutta Medical College. He survived the operation but lost his voice forever.He spent the remaining days of his life in the cottage ward of the hospital (Cottage no. 12). It is noteworthy to mention that Hemendranath Bakshi and Bijitendra Nath Basu, students of 4th year, took personal initiative to attend and impart all medical assistance to the poet till his last breath. Dr. Mathura Mohan Bhattacharya, and Dr. Girish Chandra Maitra was in charge of his treatment. <mask> used to write in his diary quite regularly during his stay in the hospital. He also started writing an autobiography which was written only up to the first chapter. Some poetry lovers and some of the students of the Calcutta Medical College tended after him, Maharaja Manindra Chandra Nandi and Sharat Kumar Ray, son of Pramathanath Ray, Zamindar of Dighapatiya, Natore, helped him financially.On 11 June 1910 Rabindranath Tagore visited the hospital to meet <mask>. <mask>'s son Kshitindranath and daughter Shantibala sung a song composed by him and he accompanied by playing harmonium. This is reflected in the following song composed on the day Rabindranath met him:

As

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title: Rajanikanta Sen

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 gratitude towards Tagore's for visit in the hospital, <mask> wrote a letter and another poem, "এই মুক্ত প্রাণের দৃপ্ত বাসনা তৃপ্ত করিবে কে ", and sent to Bolpur. Tagore wrote a letter to him on 30 July. In this, he appreciated <mask> for his literary talent. During this period, he also composed a few Agamani-Vijaya songs. He died on 13 September 1910 in Kolkata. Legacy
Many singers from Bengal, India and Bangladesh have recorded his songs through ages.They include Indubala Devi, K L Saigal, Juthika Roy, Pannalal Bhattacharya, Dilip Kumar Roy, Chhabi Bandyopadhyay, Hemanta Mukhopadhyay, Sandhya Mukhopadhyay, Krishna Chattopadhyay, Neela Majumdar, Dilip Kumar Roy (grandson of <mask> <mask>), Anup Ghoshal, Nishith Sadhu, Nupurchanda Ghosh, Arghya <mask>, Juthika Roy, Aarti Mukherji, Manna Dey, Manabendra Mukhopadhyay, Iffat Ara Dewan and Utpala <mask>, and many others. A statute of Rajanikanta Sen has been placed in Hedua Park, Kolkata. A public library, "Kabi Rajanikanta Smriti Songsod O Pathagar", is proposed to be constructed in the Bhangabari Village, Benkuchi, Sirajgaunj, Bangladesh, commemorating birthplace of <mask> <mask>.

Bibliography
Sahitya Sangsad. Rajanikanta Kabyo Guchho. Manoranjan <mask> (1972). Kanto Geeti Malya, Calcutta. Riddhi Bandopadhyay (2016).Rajanikanta, Patra Bharati. <mask> <mask> (1905). Kalyani (কল্যাণী)
<mask> <mask> (1902). Bani (বাণী)
Pandit, Nalini Ranjan (1921). Kanta Kabi <mask>,Bengal Book Company, Calcutta

References

1865 births
1910 deaths
People from Pabna District
Indian male composers
Bengali-language lyricists
19th-century Indian male classical singers
City College, Kolkata alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
19th-century Indian composers
Bengali singers
 Writers

masks: Rajanikanta Sen Rajanikanta Sen Sen Sen Rajanikanta Sen Sen Rajanikanta Sen Rajanikanta Sen Rajanikanta


title: Reg Parnell

texts:
<mask> (2 July 1911 – 7 January 1964) was a racing driver and team manager from Derby, England. He participated in seven Formula One World Championship Grands Prix, achieving one podium, and scoring a total of nine championship points. Parnell, as both a driver and a team manager, had a considerable influence on post-war British motorsport until his premature death in 1964. Parnell raced at Brooklands and was banned following an accident with Kay Petre which ended her racing career. Before the war he bought up racing cars. Once the hostilities had ceased he sold them to form the basis of post-war racing entries. He later raced a whole host of cars before turning to management and taking Aston Martin into Formula 1.Parnell went on to run the Yeoman Credit Racing team with the help of his son Tim who later raced in Formula 1 himself. Early career

Parnell came from a family which ran a garage business in Derby. In 1933, he was a spectator when Donington Park held its first motor race, and he decided to try the sport. By 1935, he bought an old 2-litre Bugatti single-seater for just £25. It broke its rear axle in the paddock at its first meeting, but buying spare parts for the Bugatti was too expensive, so it was replaced with a MG Magnette K3. Parnell had secured wins at both Brooklands and Donington Park, but in 1937 he lost his licence following a practice accident for the 500 Mile race, at Brooklands. He misjudged an overtaking move on Kay Petre, when he lost control of the MG, crashing into her Austin 7 from behind, causing it to roll.She crashed badly and


title: Reg Parnell

texts: Goodwood that the car had its first victories when Parnell won the Woodcote Cup, then the Goodwood Trophy later the same day. After the trip in Italy, Tony Vandervell approached him which saw Parnell driving Vandervell's Thinwall Special (a highly modified Formula One Ferrari 375) in numerous F1 races. He left a star-studded field standing in conditions so bad that the BRDC International Trophy final raced through hail, lightning and heavy rain. With poor visibility and the track under as much as six inches of water, the race had to be stopped after six laps due to Silverstone being flooded and too dangerous to continue.When the race was abandoned, Parnell was in the lead; no official winner was declared, so although he defeated the Alfa Romeo team, it was not until two months later in the 1951 British Grand Prix that the Alfas suffered their first real defeat. After the race <mask> said, "It's a pity it was stopped as I would have liked the race to have continued. I was a minute ahead of the Italians and I am sure they would not have made this up. It was like aquaplaning in an ice-cold tub, but in the cockpit it was very hot and steamy so that at 80mph I only had a dim outline of the comers and only the outlines of spray telling me that another car was in front." Vandervell immediately entered Parnell for the Festival of Britain Trophy at Goodwood, just a few weeks later. Parnell won the first heat, breaking the outright lap record on his first lap, from a standing start, from Farina and his 4CLT. He would go on and win the final, after a tremendous battle


title: Reg Parnell

texts:
 with Farina.Parnell was back in the 4CLT at Dundrod for the Ulster Trophy. Following his defeat at Goodwood, Farina arrived with a works Alfa Romeo 158. At the start, the Italian had the better start and took the lead with Parnell running second. This was a tactical move, as the Farina knew that he would have to stop for fuel, whereas Parnell could run the race without stopping. As Farina exited the pits, Parnell shot past into the lead, but just one lap later, the Farina ate up Parnell's 3-second lead, passed him and won the race with <mask> taking second. At the Grand Prix de l'A.C.F., BRM announced they would race at Reims-Gueux with Parnell, so Vandervell offered the Thinwall Special to Brian Shawe-Taylor. However, as the BRM failed to show up, and Shawe-Taylor was clearly at the same level as Parnell, Vandervell offered the Thinwall to Parnell, who finished fourth.After finishing second at Goodwood, he ended his season by taking the Scottish Grand Prix, at Winfield. June 1952, over 25,000 spectators squeezed into Boreham to see Parnell take his only Formula Two victory aboard a Cooper –Bristol T20. Sportscars

Following his success into the 1950 RAC British Grand Prix, Parnell was signed by Aston Martin, taking a DB2 to sixth place in to 24 Heures du Mans, partnered by Charles Brackenbury (second in class). He followed this up with a class win (fourth overall) in the RAC Tourist Trophy, held around the narrow lanes of Dundrod. In 1952, Parnell enjoyed more class success with the DB2, taking wins at Silverstone and Boreham; at Goodwood, he


title: Reg Parnell

texts: Aston Martin, a move which led him to oversee a famous 1–2 in 1959 24 Hours of Le Mans, when Roy Salvadori and Carroll Shelby led home Maurice Trintignant and Paul Frère. The company then decided to enter Formula One and Parnell led the team but at the end of 1960 the programme was abandoned. In 1961 the Samengo-Turner brothers (Paul, William & Fabian) asked Parnell to take over the management of the Yeoman Credit Racing Team sponsorship deal from Ken Gregory of the British Racing Partnership. During the 1961 Formula One season, he ran two Cooper T53 Low-Line–Climax cars for John Surtees and Roy Salvadori, who between them collected a handful of championship points.For the 1962 season the team was renamed Bowmaker-Yeoman Racing, and in place of the Coopers, ran Lola Mk4 chassis, again powered by Climax engines. Surtees and Salvadori remained with the team, but Salvadori had a nightmare season, failing to finish a single race. Surtees fared much better, however, scoring 19 points and finishing in fourth place in the Drivers' Championship. During the season he also gave  <mask> his first podium finishes as manager – with second places in both the British and German events – and took pole position at the season-opening Dutch Grand Prix. After the Bowmakers withdrew from F1 at the end of 1962, Parnell set up a team in his own name. Reg Parnell Racing was still in the early stages of development in its premises in Hounslow, running a car of the young driver, Chris Amon. Dr. Bartrip wrote that Parnell "could prepare a car meticulously and was as astute judge of a


title: Reg Parnell

texts:
 driver, identifying the potential of such talented prospects as John Surtees, Chris Amon, and Mike Hailwood".Death

For the 1964 season, Parnell had commissioned a design for a new car, when he died from peritonitis at age 52 from complications after an appendix operation. Parnell's son Tim, also a racing driver, took over the team management and developed a strong working relationship with BRM during the late 1960s. Racing record

Career highlights

Complete Formula One World Championship results
(key)

Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results

Complete 12 Hours of Sebring results

Complete Mille Miglia results

References

Further reading

 Graham Gauld. <mask>: The Quiet Man Who Helped to Engineer Britain's Post-war Motor Racing Revolution. Patrick Stephens Ltd..

Sportspeople from Derby
1911 births
1964 deaths
English racing drivers
Brighton Speed Trials people
English Formula One drivers
Alfa Romeo Formula One drivers
BRM Formula One drivers
Scuderia Ambrosiana Formula One drivers
BRDC Gold Star winners
Deaths from peritonitis
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers
12 Hours of Sebring drivers
Mille Miglia drivers
Formula One team owners
Grand Prix


title: Jon Leuer

texts:
<mask> (born May 14, 1989) is an American former professional basketball player. He was selected by the Bucks with the 40th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. During his National Basketball Association (NBA) career, he played for the Cleveland Cavaliers, Memphis Grizzlies, Phoenix Suns and Detroit Pistons. High school career
<mask> was born in Long Lake, Minnesota and attended Orono High School in Long Lake, where he was ranked the 82nd-best college recruit in the nation from the class of 2007. One scouting report read:

"At 6-foot-10, 228-pounds, <mask> definitely needs some time to fill out his frame for high-major competition. Nonetheless, he is a pure shooter with good overall skills with the ball. He can knock down a jump hook and can play off the dribble.He moves well up and down the court, but has a ways to go defensively and as a rebounder. Could be an impact player with his size and unique skill set if he does get stronger." Another one stated:

"Flew under the radar prior to the spring of 2006. Excellent player from behind the stripe, especially when you consider that he pushes 6-10. Face up four man will need to add strength to reach his potential. Could be an Andrew Brackman type of forward." His junior year, he averaged 18 points and 8 rebounds per game and earned honorable mention all-state and first-team all-conference honors.He averaged 23.2 points and 12.0 rebounds per game as a senior and was selected to Minnesota State All-star game while landing second-team all-state and first-team all-conference honors. He ended up with 35 double digit scoring games and a career high of 37. He played AAU basketball with the Minnesota Magic. <mask> had originally entered high school as a guard, but had a 10-inch growth spurt before his senior year. College career

Freshman
<mask> never started, but played in 32 games during the 2007–2008 season for the Wisconsin Badgers. The most points he

masks:
Jon Leuer
Leuer
Leuer
Leuer
Leuer


title: Jon Leuer

texts:
 scored during the non-conference season was 12, but he exploded for 25 (on 8 of 9 shooting) against the Michigan Wolverines in the Big Ten opener. However, after scoring 7 in the follow-up game, <mask> would only score 9 points for the remainder of the season.Much of this spoke to Wisconsin's great depth, as the Badgers would go on to win both the Big Ten regular season, with a 16–2 record, and Big Ten Conference Tournament. They would later advance to the Sweet Sixteen in the NCAA Tournament and finished with a 31–5 record. <mask> finished the season averaging 2.9 points per game and 1.3 rebounds in 8.6 minutes. Sophomore
<mask> played in all 33 games and started the final 12 games of the year during the 2008–2009 season. He had 13 double digit scoring games including 17 in a victory at Virginia Tech in the ACC-Big Ten Challenge. He had a season high of 19 points against SIU-Edwardsville. He averaged 8.8 points per game and 3.8 rebounds in 21.3 minutes.The Badgers finished tied for fourth in the Big Ten with a 10–8 record, and a 20–13 record overall. They would upset the #5 seeded Florida State Seminoles in the first round of the NCAA tournament before succumbing to the Xavier Musketeers in the second round. <mask> was named to the Academic All-Big Ten Team. Junior
The Badgers went into the 2009–2010 season picked 9th in the Big Ten. However, they upset the Arizona Wildcats and Maryland Terrapins in the Maui Invitational. On December 2, 2009, in a game on ESPN, Wisconsin shocked the #5 Duke Blue Devils (who would be the eventual National Champions). <mask> poured in 17 points on his way to scoring double digits in 13 of the first 15 games of the year.He followed up the effort against Duke with back-to-back double doubles at UW-Green Bay (a career high 26 points and 10 rebounds) and against Marquette University (24 points, 12 rebounds). He would also score 25 against UW-Milwaukee and 21 at

masks: Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer


title: Jon Leuer

texts: Michigan State. Wisconsin was off to a surprising 13–3 start (3-1 in the Big Ten) after a 73–66 upset against #4 Purdue. However, <mask> had an off night against Purdue and only scored 4 points on 2-15 shooting. It was revealed after the game that <mask> had broken his wrist in the first half, yet still played 38 of the 40 minutes in the game. <mask> was ruled out indefinitely and he ended up missing the next 9 games. When <mask> returned, he was eased back into the lineup, scoring 4 points in his first game back, a loss against the Minnesota Golden Gophers.However, <mask> would score double digits in each of the final five games of the year, including 20 against the University of Illinois, as the Badgers went 4-1 down the stretch and finished 13–5 in the Big Ten, good enough for fourth place and a #13 national ranking. <mask> won Big Ten Player of the week for the final week of the regular season. Yet, the Badgers would lose to the Illinois Fighting Illini in the first round of the Big Ten Tournament and were upset by Cornell in the second round of the NCAA Tournament, despite 14 and 23 points from <mask> respectively. <mask> ended up leading the Badgers in points per game (15.4), rebounds per game (5.8), and blocks per game (1.33). Due to the wrist injury, he only played in 24 games, starting 22 of them. His .522 field-goal percentage was the highest by a Wisconsin player since Alando Tucker's .533 mark in 2003. He earned honorable mention All-Big Ten, despite missing half of the conference games.He also made the Academic All-Big Ten team for the second straight year. During the summer, <mask> was selected to be on the United States men's select team, a team of college players hand-picked to help the United States men's national basketball team prepare for the FIBA World Championships. <mask> went with the team to New York City to compete against the likes of Kobe Bryant, LeBron James, and

masks: Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer


title: Jon Leuer

texts:
 Dwyane Wade. <mask> had been named to the team after impressing Team USA, and Villanova, coach, Jay Wright. When Gary Parrish of CBSSports.com asked Wright to name the best college player with the USA Basketball select team, Wright picked <mask> over Kyle Singler, Nolan Smith, Marcus Morris and others. "He's really good," Wright told Parrish. "Maybe I haven't followed him as well because he's from the Midwest, and maybe he wouldn't surprise anybody else.But he's got great size, he puts it on the floor, he passes it, he can shoot it. He's just a ballplayer." When asked if he would be an NBA player, Wright answered "yes." Senior
SI.com named <mask> their Big Ten preseason player of the year. About <mask>, Luke Winn wrote, "Watch out for <mask>, an ultra-efficient, 6-foot-10 forward who'll be the Badgers' clear No. 1 offensive option for the first time in his career." On December 28, 2010, the Badgers upset then #13 ranked Minnesota Golden Gophers, 68–60.During the first half of the game, <mask> became the 36th player in Wisconsin Badgers history to score 1,000 points in a career. On March 1, 2011, <mask> was named to the Yahoo Sports All-Big Ten 1st team. He was picked to the Third Team All-America by Fox Sports. <mask> was named to the Yahoo Sports All-American Team Honorable Mention. Professional career

Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2012)
On June 23, 2011, <mask> was selected by the Milwaukee Bucks with the 40th overall pick in the 2011 NBA draft. After a stint in Germany with Skyliners Frankfurt during the NBA lockout, <mask> joined the Bucks for the 2011–12 season in December 2011. Cleveland Cavaliers (2012–2013)
On June 27, 2012, <mask> was traded to the Houston Rockets along with <mask>, Shaun Livingston and the 12th pick in the 2012 NBA draft in exchange for Samuel Dalembert and the 14th pick in the 2012 NBA draft.He was waived by the Rockets on July 18, 2012. On July 20, 2012, <mask> was claimed

masks:
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Leuer
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Leuer


title: Jon Leuer

texts:
 off waivers by the Cleveland Cavaliers. On December 7, 2012, he was sent down to the Cavaliers' D-League affiliate, the Canton Charge. He was recalled on December 20, reassigned on January 3, and recalled again on January 7. Memphis Grizzlies (2013–2015)

On January 22, 2013, <mask> was traded to the Memphis Grizzlies in exchange for Marreese Speights, Wayne Ellington, Josh Selby, and a future first-round draft pick. On July 15, 2013, <mask> was re-signed by the Grizzlies to a three-year, $3 million contract. On December 3, 2013, <mask> recorded a career-high 23 points, along with 9 rebounds and 3 blocks, in a 110–91 win over the Phoenix Suns.Six days later, he recorded his first career double-double with 16 points and a career-high 12 rebounds in a 94–85 win over the Orlando Magic. He tied his career high of 23 points on January 5, 2014, in a 112–84 win over the Detroit Pistons. On December 7, 2014, <mask> had a season-best game with 20 points and career-high tying 12 rebounds in a 103–87 win over the Miami Heat. Phoenix Suns (2015–2016)
On June 25, 2015, <mask> was traded to the Phoenix Suns in exchange for the draft rights to Andrew Harrison. He made his debut for the Suns in the team's season opener against the Dallas Mavericks on October 28, recording 14 points and 7 rebounds off the bench in a 111–95 loss. On November 12, he recorded his first double-double as a Sun, recording 10 points and 11 rebounds in a 118–104 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. Two days later, he received his first starting assignment for the Suns, recording 7 points and 5 rebounds in just under 19 minutes of action, helping the Suns defeat the Denver Nuggets 105–81.On November 25, he had a then season-best game with 20 points and 12 rebounds in a loss to the New Orleans Pelicans. On March 21, 2016, <mask> recorded his seventh double-double of the season (ninth of his career) with 13 points and 13 rebounds in a loss to

masks: Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer


title: Jon Leuer

texts:
 his former team, the Memphis Grizzlies. Two days later, he had 22 points and a career-high 14 rebounds in a 119–107 win over the Los Angeles Lakers, recording back-to-back double-doubles for the first time in his career. In the Suns' season finale on April 13, <mask> recorded 16 points and matched his career best with 14 rebounds in a 114–105 win over the Los Angeles Clippers. Detroit Pistons (2016–2019)
On July 8, 2016, <mask> signed with the Detroit Pistons. On December 30, 2016, he scored a then season-high 22 points in a 105–98 loss to the Atlanta Hawks. On February 3, 2017, he scored a career-high 24 points in a 116–108 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.<mask> played in only eight games during the 2017–18 season due to an ankle injury, that he decided to have season-ending surgery on in January. In August 2018, he was reported to have taken surgery on his right knee to repair his medial meniscus. On October 27, 2018, in a 109–89 loss to the Boston Celtics, <mask> made his 2018–19 season debut, his first appearance since October 31, 2017. On June 20, 2019, <mask> was traded back to the Milwaukee Bucks in exchange for Tony Snell and the draft rights to Kevin Porter Jr.
On July 9, 2019, <mask> was waived by the Bucks. <mask> announced his retirement over Instagram on May 24, 2020, at the age of 31. He was majoring in history while at the University of Wisconsin. References

External links

1989 births
Living people
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Minnesota
Canton Charge players
Centers (basketball)
Cleveland Cavaliers players
Detroit Pistons players
Memphis Grizzlies players
Milwaukee Bucks draft picks
Milwaukee Bucks players
People from Long Lake, Minnesota
Phoenix Suns players
Power forwards (basketball)
Skyliners Frankfurt players
Sportspeople from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area
Wisconsin Badgers men's

masks: Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer Leuer


title: Michael O'Riordan

texts:
<mask>'Riordan (; 12 November 1917 – 18 May 2006) was the founder of the Communist Party of Ireland (3rd) and also fought with the Connolly Column in the International Brigades during the Spanish Civil War. Early life
O'Riordan was born at 37 Pope's Quay, Cork city, on 11 November 1917. He was the youngest of five children. His parents came from the West Cork Gaeltacht of Ballingeary-Gougane Barra. Despite his parents being native speakers of the Irish language, it was not until O'Riordan was interned during the Second World War that he learnt Irish. As a teenager, he joined the republican youth movement, Fianna Éireann, and then the Irish Republican Army. Much of the IRA at the time was inclined towards left-wing politics.A lot of its activity at the time involved street fighting with the quasi-fascist Blueshirt movement, and O'Riordan fought the Blueshirts on the streets of Cork City in 1933–34. O'Riordan was friends with left-wing inclined republicans such as Peadar O'Donnell and Frank Ryan, and in 1934, he followed them into the Republican Congress – a short-lived socialist republican party. Spanish Civil War and Second World War
O'Riordan joined the Communist Party of Ireland in 1935 while still in the IRA and worked on the communist newspaper The Irish Workers' Voice. In 1937, following the urgings of Peadar O'Donnell, several hundred Irishmen, mostly IRA or ex-IRA men, went to fight for the Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War with the XVth International Brigade. They were motivated in part by enmity towards the 800 or so Blueshirts, led by


title: Michael O'Riordan

texts: expelled, with the branch being dissolved. O’Riordan later accused Quill of anti-Semitism and both Quill and T.J Murphy of “red-baiting”. In 2001, O'Riordan would claim that any attempt to raise the issue of defence of communist Spain "was shouted down at Labour Party Conferences". In 1945 he was a founding secretary of the Cork Socialist Party, whose other notable members included Derry Kelleher, Kevin Neville and Máire Keohane-Sheehan (Máire Keohane-Sheehan was the sister of O'Riordan's wife Kay Keohane-O'Riordan) Thomas Murray. O'Riordan subsequently worked as a bus conductor in Cork and was active in the Irish Transport and General Workers Union (ITGWU). He stood as a Cork Socialist Party candidate in the 1946 Cork Borough by-election, coming third behind Fianna Fáil's Patrick McGrath and Fine Gael's <mask>'Driscoll with 3,184 votes.Afterwards, he moved to Dublin where he lived in Victoria St with his wife Kay, continued to work as a bus conductor and remained active in the Irish Transport and General Workers Union. In 1948, O'Riordan was a founding secretary of the Irish Workers' League and general secretary thereafter, and of its successor organisation the Irish Workers' Party from 1962 to 1970. In the 1960s, he was a pivotal figure in the Dublin Housing Action Committee which agitated for clearances of Dublin's slums and for the building of social housing. There, he befriended Fr Austin Flannery, leading the then Finance Minister and future Taoiseach Charles Haughey to dismiss Flannery as "a gullible cleric" while the Minister for Local


title: Michael O'Riordan

texts:
 updated version of the book was reprinted in 2005 and was launched by the Mayor of Dublin, Cllr. <mask> at a book launch at SIPTU headquarters, Liberty Hall.The book was the inspiration for Irish singer-songwriter Christy Moore's famous song Viva la Quinta Brigada. Moore said: “Without <mask>’Riordan I’d never have been able to write Viva la Quince Brigada. I must have performed the song over a thousand times and every single time I sing it I think of Mick and wonder how can I ever thank him enough. In Spain in 1983 I was reading his book, Connolly Column: The Story of the Irishmen who Fought for the Spanish Republic, and I began this song as I read on. The song was lifted entirely from his book.”

Later life and death in 2006

In 1980, Magill described him as having critically supported a pro-Soviet line on every 'major issue'. In 1991, O'Riordan's wife Kay Keohane of Clonakilty, County Cork died at their home aged 81. He continued to live in their family home before moving to Glasnevin in 2000 to be close to his son Manus who lived nearby.In 1999, he described himself as an atheist and believed that communism would rise again. He lived there until falling ill in November 2005 and was taken to the Mater Hospital. His health rapidly deteriorated and he quickly developed Alzheimer's disease. Soon afterwards he was moved to St. Mary's Hospital in the Phoenix Park where he spent the final few months of his life, before his death at the age of 88. Then Labour Party leader Ruairi Quinn praised O'Riordan after his death, saying;  "As leader of the Labour

masks:
Michael Conaghan
Michael O


title: Michael O'Riordan

texts:
 Party I had the honour of ensuring he received a special citation at our 2001 national conference <mask>'Riordan stood out against the tide of Irish conservatism and clerical domination that kept Ireland backward and isolated in the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s." O'Riordan's funeral at Glasnevin Crematorium was attended by over a thousand mourners. Following a wake the previous night at Finglas Rd, hundreds turned up outside the house of his son Manus and traffic ground to a halt as family, friends and comrades – many of whom were waving the red flag of the Communist Party of Ireland – escorted O'Riordan to Glasnevin Cemetery.A secular ceremony took place led by Manus O'Riordan (Head of Research at SIPTU) with contributions from O'Riordan's family, Communist Party general secretary Eugene McCartan and IBMT representative Pauline Frasier. The funeral congregation included politicians such as Labour Party leader Pat Rabbitte, his predecessor Ruairi Quinn, party front-bencher Joan Burton; Sinn Féin TD Seán Crowe and councillor Larry O'Toole; former Workers' Party leader Tomás Mac Giolla and former Fianna Fáil MEP Niall Andrews. Also in attendance were union leaders Jack O'Connor (SIPTU), Mick O'Reilly (ITGWU) and David Begg (ICTU). Actors Patrick Bergin, Jer O'Leary; singer Ronnie Drew; artist Robert Ballagh; newsreader Anne Doyle were also among the mourners. Tributes and were paid by President of Ireland Mary McAleese, Taoiseach Bertie Ahern, Sinn Féin leader Gerry Adams and Labour Party TDs Ruairi Quinn and <mask>. Higgins. Works
Pages From History: On

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title: Michael O'Riordan

texts:
 Irish-Soviet Relations (1977)

References

External links
Obituary of <mask>'Riordan (archived)
Funeral of <mask>'Riordan, Born 12 November 1917 Died 18 May 2006 (Report & Photos)
<mask>. Higgins pays tribute to <mask>'Riordan (archived)
Ruairi Quinn pays tribute to <mask>’Riordan (archived)
Gerry Adams expresses condolences to family and friends of <mask>'Riordan (archived)
Biography on the Communist Party of Ireland website
Irish Examiner, "Spanish Civil War veteran dies, aged 88" retrieved 18 May 2006
O'RIORDAN'S SPANISH BODENSTOWN (poem)  (archived)

1917 births
2006 deaths
Communist Party of Ireland politicians
International Brigades personnel
Irish anti-fascists
Irish communists
Irish people of the Spanish Civil War
Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) members
Irish republicans
People from County

masks:
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Michael O
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Michael O
Michael O
Michael O


title: Stewart Sukuma

texts:
<mask>, born Luis Pereira in 1963, is a Mozambican singer. <mask>'s stage name means "rise up" in Xitsonga and "push" in Swahili. He was born in Cuamba, Niassa Province. Coming from a modest family, Sukuma loved music; he moved to the Mozambican capital of Maputo in 1977, learning to play percussion instruments, guitar and piano. Five years later, <mask> joined a musical group as a vocalist. He received a Ngoma Mozambique award in 1983, and has been described as "Mozambique's most popular male vocalist". <mask>'s songs include "Felizminha", "Xitchuketa Marrabenta", "Sumanga", "Male" and "Why".He sings in Portuguese, English, Swahili, Echwabo and Xitsonga. Early life and career

Born is a small town, Sukuma was a son of a truck driver with a modest income. He received his first guitar as a Christmas gift at a party for poor people. After Mozambique became independent in 1975, Sukuma danced for musical groups. The death of his eldest sister, who had left two children and a house in Maputo, drove him to the city in 1977. Sukuma learned to play percussion instruments, guitar and keyboards, and began singing in a band in 1982. When he moved to Maputo, he went to live temporarily in his sister's house, who was married to one of the most highly regarded musicians in the city: Edmundo Luis Gomes better known for Mundinho.Here, the first contact with a battery was made through his brother-in-law. Percussion instruments emerged in <mask>'s life out of necessity and passion. With some guitar basics, he began to imitate famous international songs of the time that were consumed by the market. He was

masks:
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Sukuma
Sukuma
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title: Stewart Sukuma

texts: persistent and with a little luck he ended up meeting other great Mozambican musicians such as Hortencio Langa, Arao Litsuri, Lisboa Matavele, Fani Pfumo, Alexandre Langa with whom he lived and learned to perfect his singing and guitar. Before recording his first song he played in bars and nightclubs for many years. It was in these places where he had time to perfect his singing. In 1982 an opportunity arises to participate in a musical contest organized by a figure well-known for his connection with Eduardo Mondlane, former president of FRELIMO: Eddy Mondlane was the son.<mask> won the award for best performance in this contest and records his first song backing by his band at that time, Formacao 82: Musica Quente created some excitement at the time because it was out of the market context, it was sung in Portuguese at a time when traditional languages commanded the music market and the quality was above average and it was a reggae, the first to be recorded in Mozambique . This song earned him recognition as an emerging composer. From here on, it starts recording more often. He started to write in Portuguese but created a balance with tradition. That was the hardest part to get. With all the influences of western music <mask> had a hard task to investigate the popular and traditional rhythms of Mozambique. The only source that existed in the 1980s was the Companhia Nacional de Canto e Danca, under the coordination of David Abilio, and the ARPAC, an institution that preserves traditional rhythms.He joined Companhia de Danca and toured extensively as a sound technician and supporting musician. It

masks:
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Sukuma


title: Stewart Sukuma

texts: was here where Sukuma learned most of the traditional music of Mozambique. He recorded a song for state-owned Radio Moçambique the following year, and received a Ngoma Mozambique award. After working with the Orchestra Marrabenta Star, <mask> moved to South Africa and released Afrikiti in 1997. The base acquired from the information he gathered in his research allowed him to start recording more frequently on Radio Mocambique, the only studio active in the 1980s in Maputo. But he still needed more contact with experienced musicians and luck hit him once again and he was invited by the great Ghanaian saxophonist, George Lee Larnioh to join the Banda Anansi which was based in Swaziland. After two years living in Swaziland and playing with Anansi, basically in hotels, he returned to Maputo on vacation and received an invitation from the great concert manager Aurelio Le Bon to join the famous Marrabenta Star Orchestra of Mozambique as a percussionist and singer.At the Marrabenta Orchestra, he toured the world and established his first contacts with the western music market and shared stages with great African musicians such as Papa Wemba, Baaba Maal, Youssou N'dour and gradually began to understand the tricks of the music market in world. While the other musicians, his colleagues, focused on their career linked to the Orchestra, Sukuma had more time to investigate the market, the ways of composing and fusing traditional music with pop music. On these tours, he bought the first CDs of the African musicians he most admired and among them Salif Keita, where he gained enormous influences in the way of


title: Stewart Sukuma

texts: composing and arranging the songs. After his experience with the Marrabenta Orchestra and influenced by the arrangements of other great African musicians, he travels to South Africa in search of more sophisticated studios and meets an old friend who had a studio: Fernando Perdigao, sound engineer and producer and musical arranger from great prestige living in Johannesburg. Together, they decide to record the first and one of the most important CDs of the new generation of musicians from Mozambique in the 90s: Afrikiti! Fernando Perdigao and his partner at the time, Cedric Samson, at Treehouse music studio in Johannesburg, will be the producers of this first CD and invited great figures in South African and Mozambican music scene to play songs previously written by Sukuma. Bass players Fana Zulu and Peter Sclair, pianist Paul Hanmer, guitarist Jimmy Dludlu and percussionist John Hassan team up with <mask> to materialize Afrikiti.Then later, Mauritz Lotz, Kanyo Maphumule, Kululiwe Sithole and others. Hugh Masekela and George Lee are keen to record this album after listening through the producers. After the recording <mask> has two proposals on the table, one by Sony Music SA led by Lindelani Mkhize and the other by EMI SA led by Sean Watson.Sony Music asked to wait six months until Lindelani, newly admitted, became familiar with the market. <mask> didn't want to wait with such anxiety and signed with EMI/CCP Records. Afrikiti was launched in Maputo, at Hotel Polana, in an unprecedented ceremony in Mozambique with the presence of the Minister of the Environment, Dr. Ferraz, the President of the

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title: Stewart Sukuma

texts:
 Republic, Joaquim Chissano and Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister. Afrikiti becomes the first Mozambican CD to be released in national territory in 1997. A year later <mask> signs with Tropical music Germany and the CD is available in all major music stores around the world distributed by the hands of BMG-Ariola.<mask> moved to Boston in 1998, where he attended the Berklee College of Music. A decade later, he was on the advisory board of the school's Africa Scholars program. Music and activities
<mask> combines traditional and contemporary Mozambican music and instrumentation. His songs reflect Mozambique's varied musical influences, which include Portugal throughout the country and Islam in the north (which was visited by Arabs). <mask> began a project in 2010 to encourage young people to play and listen to Marrabenta, a popular style of Mozambican dance music. He donated part of the proceeds of his first solo album, Afrikiti (1997), to environmental groups, and is involved with AIDS relief. <mask> was appointed the first national goodwill ambassador for UNICEF Mozambique on 14 December 2012.The following year, he visited evacuees on behalf of UNICEF in Chiaquelane, Chókwè District who were in temporary accommodations after the flooding of the Limpopo River. Discography

Albums
 Afrikiti (1997)
 Nkhuvu (2008)
 Os Sete Pecados Capitais and Boleia Africana (2014 double CD)
 O Meu Lado B (2016)

Singles

 "Felizminha" (2007)
 "Wulombe" (2008)
 "Olumwengo" (2009)
 "Xitchuketa Marrabenta" (2010)
 "Caranguejo" (2011)
 "Vale a Pena Casar?" (2011)
 "Txolpela Moçambique" (2013)

Compilations
 New African


title: Darrell Dexter

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<mask> (born 1957) is a Canadian lawyer, journalist and former naval officer who served as the 27th premier of Nova Scotia from 2009 to 2013. A member of the Nova Scotia New Democratic Party, he served as party leader from 2001 to 2013. He became Premier in 2009 after his party defeated the governing Progressive Conservative Party, leading the first NDP government in Atlantic Canada and the second east of Manitoba. His government was defeated in the 2013 election, becoming the first Nova Scotia government in 131 years to be denied a second mandate; <mask> himself was defeated in his constituency by 21 votes. <mask> now serves as a lobbyist for the cannabis industry. Early life
<mask> was born on September 10, 1957, in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to Elvin, a steel metal worker, and <mask> (née Pace), and grew up in the rural community of Milton in Queens County. He was the first member of his family to go to university.<mask> volunteered for Alexa McDonough in her 1979 federal election campaign. <mask> holds degrees in education and law from Dalhousie University, and a degree in journalism from the University of King's College. He used his journalism degree for a period as a reporter for The Daily News in the early 1980s. <mask> also served in the Canadian Forces holding the rank of Sub-Lieutenant and was a Combat Information Officer on board  and  while deployed with Maritime Forces Pacific. <mask> was a practicing lawyer before he entered public life. He was first elected as a Dartmouth City Councilor, serving from 1994 to 1996. A former Chair and member Board of the Dartmouth Downtown Development Corporation, <mask> was also once a member of the Dartmouth General Hospital Commission, Chair of the Dartmouth Common Committee, a former

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Darrell Elvin Dexter
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Darrell Dexter
Florence Dexter
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title: Darrell Dexter

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 member of the Board of Directors of the Victorian Order of Nurses (Dartmouth Branch), and a member of the Community Planning Association.In September 2015, <mask> joined Global Public Affairs as Vice Chair. <mask> is married to Kelly Wilson and together they have one son. Member of the Legislative Assembly

<mask> was elected to the Nova Scotia Legislature as MLA for Dartmouth-Cole Harbour in 1998 and served as critic for Economic Development and Health. He was re-elected in 1999, 2003, 2006 and 2009. Provincial leadership

<mask> became the 8th leader of the Nova Scotia NDP in June 2001 when he took over as interim leader after Helen MacDonald stepped down. He ran for the leadership against John MacDonell in 2002 and won with 63% of the vote. 2003 election campaign

In <mask>'s first provincial campaign in 2003, the NDP campaign trailed in third place in many polls and was in danger of losing seats.The NDP looked to consolidate its strong support in the Metro Halifax area, and make gains in the conservative rural mainland and Cape Breton. <mask> campaigned to form Crown Corporation for car insurance to lower premiums by 50%, paying for health coverage in nursing homes, reducing waiting lists for surgeries and diagnostic tests, removing the provincial portion of the HST on home heating oil, increase classroom resources for public schools, freezing tuition fees for Nova Scotia universities for a year while introducing a student debt relief plan, and maintaining balanced budgets. On election night, <mask> and the NDP did make small gains in the popular vote and won four more seats, including two in Dartmouth, one in Cape Breton and one in Pictou County, and the Progressive Conservative government of John Hamm was reduced to a

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