title: Alan Doss

texts: Committee (DAC) of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Paris where he was member of the group that drew up the DAC's landmark study on conflict, peace and development co-operation in 1997.<mask> subsequently held the position of Director of the United Nations Development Group (UNDG), which was set up by Secretary General Kofi Annan to strengthen co-ordination among the UN organisations dealing with development under the leadership of the Administrator of UNDP. He worked on the design and implementation of reforms aimed to improve the performance of UN operational activities around the world. During that period he coordinated the UNDG's work on the follow-up to the UN global conferences of the nineties, which led to the pioneer publication "A Better World for All" published jointly by the UN, World Bank, IMF and OECD and subsequently, at the end of the decade, to the UN's Millennium Development Goals. In late 2000, <mask> joined the UN peacekeeping mission in Sierra Leone, (UNAMSIL), as Deputy Special Representative of the UN Secretary General while serving concurrently as United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator and UNDP Resident Representative, His appointment, following on the recommendations of the Brahimi Panel on UN peace operations in late 2000, was aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of such operations through better co-ordination of UN peace keeping, humanitarian and development activities in country. During this period he oversaw the reintegration of war affected populations, UN support for the disarmament program, the restoration of state authority, governance reform and the national recovery programme. In 2004 <mask> became the Principal Deputy UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Ivory Coast, where he coordinated the work of the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission ONUCI in the areas of human rights, rule of law, civilian police and management. Following on his assignment to Cote d’Ivoire, <mask> was named as the Special Representative of the Secretary General of the United

masks: Doss Doss Doss Doss


title: Alan Doss

type: original

texts:
 Nations in Liberia (UNMIL) and head of the UN peace keeping mission with the rank of Under Secretary General.The UN mission provided extensive security and political support for the 2005 national elections in Liberia, which resulted in the election of Ellen Johnson Sirleaf as Africa's first female elected head of state. Following the elections <mask> worked very closely with the new Administration on national recovery and reconstruction including the groundbreaking governance and economic programme (GEMAP). During this time, he worked closely with the UN Special Court for Sierra Leone l to ensure that Charles Taylor, the former leader of Liberia was detained and transferred by to the Court's jurisdiction to face charges of war crimes and crimes against humanity. On 24 October 2007, <mask> was appointed as Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG) of the United Nations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Head of the UN peace keeping mission there (MONUC), again with the rank of Under Secretary General. MONUC (now MONUSCO), was the UN's largest peace operation at that time. The UN Mission was (and remains) supports the peace process in the Congo as it seeks to end armed conflict in the war ravaged eastern part of the country. The Mission is promoting human rights, the protection of women and children, reform of state institutions and the holding of democratic elections.Later career

Following his retirement from the United Nations in 2010, <mask> joined the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP) as a Visiting and then Associate Fellow where he lectured and published on peacekeeping, peace building and leadership. <mask> was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to the United Nations. He is a member of the Governing Board of Interpeace and the UN Institute for Training and Research’s I.Peace Advisory Board. The Kofi Annan Foundation

In October 2011, <mask> was appointed by Kofi Annan as Senior Political Advisor to set up a peace and security unit at his

masks:
Doss
Doss
Doss
Doss
Alan Doss


title: Alan Doss

texts:
 Foundation based in Geneva. The Foundation is an independent, not-for profit organisation that works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful and resilient world. In September 2014, <mask> was appointed Executive Director of the Kofi Annan Foundation, where his "outstanding experience in peace operations, development cooperation and humanitarian action gives him a unique perspective that will serve the Foundation well". In March 2018, <mask> was appointed by Kofi Annan as President of the Foundation.<mask> stepped down from the executive leadership of the Kofi Annan Foundation in June 2020 and was succeeded by Corinne Momal-Vanian. He is now Senior Adviser to the Foundation. Publications
 Eyewitness: Crisis, Contention and Coherence - Reflections from the Field:  International Peacekeeping Vol 14, No 2 April 2007. Ending an endless Congo war: Washington Times July, 2008. The 2009 Nelson Mandela Africa lecture at the Royal United Services Institute. Peacebuilding in Practice: A Personal Perspective on Liberia and the DRC:  in Victory Among People: Lessons from Countering Insurgency and Stabilising Fragile States; ed: Greg Mills and David Richards, Royal United Services Institution and the Brenthurst Foundation, 2011. After the Fall: Leaders, Leadership, and the Challenges of Post–Conflict Peacebuilding: Geneva Centre for Security Policy Paper #17, June 2011.Great Expectations: UN Peacekeeping, Civilian Protection, and the Use of Force: Geneva Centre for Security Policy, Research Series, 2011. Peace Operations and the Humanitarian Space: How can the Military and Civilians Cooperate in Protecting Civilians? International Forum for the Challenges of Peace Operations, Geneva Centre for Security Policy and the Swiss Confederation, 2012. A Life in Trouble: A Personal Reflection on Managing Crises: Britain and the World, Edinburgh University Press, Volume 5, 2012. Foreword: A New Deal? Development and Security in a Changing World: Jeremy Allouche and Jeremy Lind,

masks:
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss


title: Alan Doss

texts:
 Institute of Development Studies, UK, 2013. Truth and Consequences: <mask> and David Tolbert, Project Syndicate,  July 11, 2014.In the Footsteps of Dr Bunche: The Congo, UN Peacekeeping and the Use of Force: Journal of Strategic Studies 37(5), July 2014. United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) and United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUSCO):The Oxford Handbook of United Nations Peacekeeping Operations, October, 2014. Kofi Annan’s Unfinished Green Revolution: Project Syndicate September 5, 2018. “Reflections on the 100th anniversary of the armistice that ended WWI”, <mask> and Scott Weber, Le Monde, 9 November 2018. Mo Ibrahim and <mask>: “A Defeat for Democracy” -Guardian and Le Monde, February 2019. <mask> and Faizel Ismail: “Defending democracy: Nelson Mandela and Kofi Annan’s ideals under the spotlight” - The Daily Maverick, South Africa, 5 September 2019. “How can liberal democracies Best Manage China’s Re-emergence as a Great Power?” - The South China Morning Post, 4 November 2019.Preventing covid from killing democracy in Africa. <mask> and Mo Ibrahim. The Economist June 17th 2020. Safeguarding Democracy in West Africa. Africa Center for Strategic Studies,  September 2020. A Peacekeeper in Africa: Learning from UN Interventions in Other People's Wars. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2020.A Letter to the USA: Why Your Vote on Nov. 3 Matters for the World. PassBlue, New York, October 27, 2020. See also other <mask> articles on Peace, Conflict and Development in PassBlue. Episode 19: Book Talk - <mask> on A Peacekeeper in Africa: Learning from UN Interventions in Other People’s Wars. IPI Global Observatory: Reflections on UN Peacekeeping: Q&A with <mask>, 25 February 2020. <mask> on Diplomacy and Politics in United Nations Peacekeeping, International Peace Institute, February 10, 2020. References

Living people
1945 births
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British officials of the United Nations
People from Cardiff
Companions of the Order of St

masks:
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss
Alan Doss


title: William Haines

texts:
<mask> (January 2, 1900 – December 26, 1973) was an American actor and interior designer. <mask> was discovered by a talent scout and signed with Goldwyn Pictures in 1922. His career gained momentum when he received favorable reviews for his role in The Midnight Express. He was cast in the 1926 film Brown of Harvard and his performance solidified his screen persona as a wisecracking, arrogant leading man. By the end of the 1920s, Haines had appeared in a string of successful films and was a popular box-office draw. <mask>' acting career was cut short by the studios in the 1930s due to his refusal to deny his homosexuality. He quit acting in 1935 and started a successful interior design business with his life partner Jimmie Shields, and his work was widely patronized by friends in Hollywood.Haines died of lung cancer in December 1973 at the age of 73. Early life
<mask> was born on January 2, 1900 (he claimed he was born on January 1) in Staunton, Virginia, the third child of George Adam <mask>, a cigar maker, and Laura Virginia <mask> (née Matthews). Two older siblings died in infancy. He had four younger siblings: Lillian, born in 1902; Ann, born in 1907; George, Jr., born in 1908; and Henry, born in 1917. He was baptized at the Trinity Episcopal Church in Staunton at the age of eight, where he later sang in the choir. He became fascinated with stage performance and motion pictures at an early age, spending hours watching early silent films in local theatres. Haines ran away from home at the age of 14, accompanied by an unidentified young man whom Haines referred to as his "boyfriend".The pair went first to Richmond and then to Hopewell, which had a reputation for immorality. They both got jobs working at the local DuPont factory, producing nitrocellulose for $50 a week. To supplement their

masks:
Charles William Haines
Haines
Haines
Haines
Haines
Haines


title: William Haines

texts:
 income, they opened a dance hall, which may have also served as a brothel. <mask>' parents, frantic over his disappearance, tracked him through the police to Hopewell. Haines did not return home with them, remaining instead in Hopewell and sending money back home to help support the family. The couple remained in Hopewell until most of the town was destroyed by fire in 1915. <mask> moved to New York City.Whether his boyfriend accompanied him is unclear. Following the bankruptcy of the family business and the mental breakdown of George Sr., the family moved to Richmond in 1916. <mask> moved there in 1917 to help support them. With his father recovered and employed, <mask> returned to New York City in 1919, settling into the burgeoning gay community of Greenwich Village. He worked a variety of jobs and was for a time the kept man of an older woman before becoming a model. Talent scout Bijou Fernandez discovered <mask> as part of the Goldwyn Pictures' "New Faces of 1922" contest and the studio signed him to a $40-a-week contract. He traveled to Hollywood with fellow contest winner Eleanor Boardman in March of that year.Career

Acting
<mask>' career began slowly, as he appeared in extra and bit parts, mostly uncredited. His first significant role was in Three Wise Fools (1923). He attracted positive critical attention and the studio began building him up as a new star. However, he continued to play small, unimportant parts at Goldwyn. When his home studio lent him to Fox in 1923 for The Desert Outlaw, he got the opportunity to play a significant role. In 1924, MGM lent <mask> to Columbia Pictures for a five-picture deal. The first of these, The Midnight Express (1924), received excellent reviews, and Columbia offered to buy his contract.The offer was refused and <mask> continued in bit roles for

masks: Haines Haines Haines Haines Haines Haines Haines Haines


title: William Haines

texts: Goldwyn. <mask> scored his first big personal success with Brown of Harvard (1926) opposite Jack Pickford and Mary Brian. It was in Brown that he crystallized his screen image, a young arrogant man who is humbled by the last reel. He returned repeatedly to that formula for the next several years. On a trip to New York in 1926, <mask> met James "Jimmie" Shields. <mask> convinced Shields to move to Los Angeles, promising to get him work as an extra. The pair soon began living together and viewed themselves as a committed couple., though newspapers did not mention their relationship.<mask> found box-office success with Little Annie Rooney (1925), costarring Mary Pickford, and Show People (1928), costarring Marion Davies. He was a top-five box-office star from 1928 to 1932. He made a successful transition into "talkies" in the part-talking film Alias Jimmy Valentine (1928). He was forced to take elocution lessons for the film; he compared the coming of sound to "the discovery of clap in a nunnery." His first all-talking film, Navy Blues, was released the following year. He starred in Way Out West in 1930. The 1930 Quigley Poll, a survey of film exhibitors, listed Haines as the top box-office attraction in the country.In 1933, <mask> was arrested in a YMCA with a sailor he had picked up in Los Angeles' Pershing Square. Louis B. Mayer, the studio head at MGM, delivered an ultimatum to Haines: choose between a sham lavender marriage, his relationship with Shields or his relationship with the sailor. Haines chose Shields and they remained together in a private relationship for 47 years. Mayer then fired Haines and terminated his contract. He made a few minor films at Poverty Row studios and soon retired from acting. His final films were made in 1934 with Mascot Pictures, Young and Beautiful and The

masks: Haines Haines Haines Haines Haines


title: William Haines

texts:
 Marines Are Coming. Haines continued to receive offers for film roles.During production of Sunset Boulevard (1950), he was offered a cameo role in the film, which he declined. He later said, "It's a rather pleasant feeling of being away from pictures and being part of them because all my friends are. I can see the nice side of them without seeing the ugly side of the studios." Interior design
<mask> and Shields began a successful dual career as interior designers and antique dealers. Among their early clients were friends such as Joan Crawford, Gloria Swanson, Carole Lombard, Marion Davies, and George Cukor. After a neighbor accused the two of propositioning his son, about 100 members of a white supremacist group called "The White Legion" dragged the two men from their El Porto, Manhattan Beach, home and beat them. The incident was widely reported at the time, but Manhattan Beach police never brought charges against the attackers.The child-molestation accusations against <mask> and Shields were unfounded and the case was dismissed due to a lack of evidence. In reality, the boy had been chasing Haines' dog on the beach and Haines paid the child six cents to go home; this was misinterpreted as a proposition. After Jack L. Warner bought his estate in 1937, he hired <mask> as interior decorator. The couple finally settled in the Hollywood community of Brentwood and their business prospered until their retirement in the early 1970s, except for a brief interruption when Haines served in World War II. Their clients included Betsy Bloomingdale and Ronald and Nancy Reagan when Reagan was governor of California. Maintaining a home in Palm Springs, California, <mask> and Ted Graber designed the interiors of Walter and Leonore Annenberg's "Sunnylands" estate in nearby Rancho Mirage. The Annenbergs also

masks: Haines Haines Haines Haines


title: William Haines

texts:
 hired Haines to work on the redecoration of Winfield House in London, where Walter was serving as U.S.Ambassador. Final years and death
<mask> and Shields (1905-1974) remained together until <mask>' death. Joan Crawford described them as "the happiest married couple in Hollywood." On December 26, 1973, <mask> died from lung cancer in Santa Monica, California, at the age of 73. Soon afterward, on March 6, 1974, Shields took an overdose of sleeping pills. His suicide note read in part, "Goodbye to all of you who have tried so hard to comfort me in my loss of <mask>, whom I have been with since 1926. I now find it impossible to go it alone, I am much too lonely."They are interred side by side in Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery in Santa Monica. Legacy
For his contribution to the motion-picture industry, <mask> has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 7012 Hollywood Blvd. William Haines Designs remains in operation, with main offices in West Hollywood and an additional showroom in New York. Filmography

In popular culture
<mask>' story is told in the 1998 biography Wisecracker: The Life and Times of <mask>, Hollywood's First Openly Gay Star by <mask>. Mann. His designs are the subject of Peter Schifando and Haines associate Jean H. Mathison's 2005 book Class Act: <mask> Legendary Hollywood Decorator. World of Wonder produced Out of the Closet, Off the Screen: The Life of <mask>nes, which aired on American Movie Classics in 2001. In October 2015, Karina Longworth chronicled <mask> in the episode <mask> and Hollywood's First Openly Gay Marriage, which she included in her 15-part series of MGM stories for her podcast You Must Remember This.<mask> was voiced by actor Wil Wheaton. Playwright Claudio Macor created the biographical drama The Tailor-Made Man in the mid-1990s in London, telling the

masks:
Haines
Haines
Haines
William Haines
William Haines
Haines
William Haines
William J
William Haines
William Hai
Haines
William Haines
Haines


title: William Haines

texts:
 story of <mask>' discovery in a talent contest, his movie career, its curtailment by Louis B. Mayer, and <mask>' re-invention as an interior designer. The play tells the story of his 50-year relationship with Jimmie Shields. The play premiered at London's tiny Hen and Chickens theatre and quickly transferred to Battersea Arts Centre. Over the years the play has been produced at London's Cockpit Theatre, off-Broadway in New York, San Diego's Diversionary Theatre in California in 1995. It was revived in a successful anniversary production in 2017 at London's White Bear Theatre, directed by Bryan Hodgson. In 2013 a musical adaptation of The Tailor-Made Man opened at London's Arts Theatre in the West End with pop star Faye Tozer (Steps) as Marion Davies and Mike McShane as Mayer.In 1994 The Tailor-Made Man was chosen for a workshop TV production for Thames Television Masterpiece Pilot Showcase, directed by Golden Rose of Montreux winner Chris Bould. Bould returned to direct the UK radio adaptation of the play starring Judd Hirsch as Mayer. In 2017, to tie-in with the anniversary production, the definitive playscript was published by theatrical publisher Oberon Books. Notes

References
Citations

Works cited

External links

 Photographs of <mask>nes

1900 births
1973 deaths
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from Virginia
American male film actors
American interior designers
American male silent film actors
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from lung cancer
People from Brentwood, Los Angeles
American gay actors
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
Male actors from Palm Springs, California
People from Staunton, Virginia
Burials at Woodlawn Memorial Cemetery, Santa Monica
American designers
LGBT people from California
LGBT people from Virginia
American male comedy

masks:
Haines
Haines
William Hai


title: Geoff Connor

texts:
<mask> (born July 24, 1963) is an American public servant, attorney, historian, and businessman from the state of Texas. <mask> has been an aide or appointee of several Republican Governors of Texas, including William P. Clements, Jr., George W. Bush, and Rick Perry. Most notably, <mask> served as the 104th Secretary of State of Texas under Governor Perry. <mask>'s tenure in this position was especially noteworthy for his efforts to build strong diplomatic and trade relationships between Texas and foreign countries. Since leaving the Texas Secretary of State's Office, <mask> has been active as a consultant, lobbyist, academician, and attorney. His current public service includes positions with The William P. Clements Jr. Center for National Security, Alamo Board of the Texas General Land Office, and Texas State Guard. He remains active internationally and with the diplomatic community in the state of Texas.Background

<mask> was born and reared in Runnels County, a predominantly rural county near San Angelo, Texas. In 1985, <mask> received a B.A. from Texas State University (formerly Southwest Texas State University) in International Studies. <mask> also studied abroad at Birkbeck College, University of London. He later attended the University of Texas School of Law in Austin, from which he received his J.D. degree in 1988. He has been board certified in administrative law since 1995.He completed a graduate certificate course from the Texas A&M University Bush School of Public Service focused on Intelligence Studies. In 2016, <mask> received his PhD in history from the University of Texas at Austin with a focus on modern U.S. diplomatic and national security history. <mask> was a member of the Delta Epsilon chapter of Sigma Tau Gamma while attending Texas State University. <mask> lived in the United Kingdom in 1985. During this time, he served as an analyst for the British Government and was a top aide to the Chairman of the House of Lords Foreign Policy Committee (The Earl of Kimberley) and the Chairman of the Lords Defence Committee (Lord Chalfont). Early political career

<mask> began his career in American public service as Assistant General Counsel to Governor

masks:
Geoffrey Scott Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor


title: Geoff Connor

texts:
 William Perry Clements, Jr., in 1988. By the time he departed the Governor's office in 1991, <mask> had advanced to Deputy General Counsel.In 1991, <mask> joined the Texas Department of Agriculture as assistant commissioner and general counsel under then Agriculture Commissioner Rick Perry. In 1995, he became general counsel for the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, a post he held until 1999. During the 1990s, <mask> also served as a member of the State Emergency Communications Commission (appointed by Governor Clements in 1990) and as a member of the Coastal Coordination Committee (appointed by Governor George W. Bush in 1995). After more than a decade in government, <mask> took a break from the public sector and accepted a position with the Austin office of the international law and lobby firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer and Feld (1999–2001). Texas Secretary of State’s Office

When Rick Perry became Governor of Texas in January 2001, he tapped <mask> to serve as the Deputy Secretary in the office of the Texas Secretary of State. This office, which evolved out of the Secretary of State of the Republic of Texas, has a diverse portfolio that includes supervising elections, serving as chief protocol officer for Texas, acting as the Governor's liaison on border and Mexico affairs, as well as maintaining a variety of corporate and commercial filings. With the departure of Secretary of State Henry Cuellar in October 2001, <mask> served four months as Acting Secretary of State until the swearing in of Gwyn Clarkston Shea as Secretary of State in January 2002.Following Shea's swearing-in, <mask> resumed his duties as Deputy Secretary of State. Upon Shea's resignation, Governor Perry appointed <mask> to be the 104th Secretary of State of Texas. <mask>'s swearing-in ceremony was held on September 26, 2003. His tenure was noteworthy as the first Texas Secretary of State in recent history to use the office to promote Texas business internationally. He made use of the Secretary's role as chief protocol officer for the state to encourage trade and foreign investment. During his time with the Secretary of State's office, <mask> led around a dozen trade missions to

masks: Connor Connor Connor Connor Connor Connor Connor Connor Connor Connor


title: Geoff Connor

texts:
 countries, including China, Mexico, Brazil, France, Trinidad and Tobago, Vietnam and Ethiopia. During <mask>'s time with the Secretary of State's office, Texas overtook California as America's largest exporting state.From 2001 to 2004, Texas exports grew by 23.4% to $117.2 billion. While there are multiple factors behind the state's increasing prominence in exports, the focused and active promotion of Texas exports by the state's chief international officer played a role. At the beginning of 2005, <mask> resigned from the Secretary of State's office to pursue a variety of private sector activities. Private Sector and Later Public Service

Shortly after returning to the private sector, <mask> cofounded Texas Global, an international strategic consulting firm that advises clients on government affairs, economic development, and corporate growth. <mask>'s partner in establishing Texas Global is Ambassador Sada Cumber, who served as the United States Special Envoy to the Organization of the Islamic Conference until January 2009. Simultaneously, <mask> returned to practicing law with the Texas-based law firm of Jackson Walker, LLP. <mask>'s time at Jackson Walker focused on business transactions law.The same year, <mask> also cofounded CACH Capital Management, a boutique investment advisory firm offering wealth management and investment advisory services. Since leaving the Texas Secretary of State's office, <mask> has maintained a strong international focus and his ties to a variety of international communities in Texas and the United States. He is frequently sought as a speaker on issues of international politics, the world economy, and cross-cultural cooperation. He also serves as a contact and advisor for foreign businesses and organizations seeking to achieve business or policy goals in the U.S., as well as by U.S. entities looking to enhance their performance or impact abroad. His continued work with international clients has taken him to Qatar, the UAE, Malta, New Zealand, Barbados, Pakistan and India. <mask> served as an international election monitor for presidential elections in Liberia in 2006, Georgia in 2008, and Ukraine in 2010. In 2011, <mask> was


title: Geoff Connor

texts:
 commissioned as an officer with the Texas State Guard.Currently holding the rank of Lt. Commander, he serves as JAG for the Texas Maritime Regiment (TMAR). <mask> serves as Director of Strategy for the William P. Clements Jr. Center for National Security at the University of Texas at Austin. His responsibilities include developing the institution as a training center for national security officials and scholars of national security as well as promoting awareness of the center in both public and private sectors. <mask> also oversees the compiling and curation of the defense and national security papers of Governor Bill Clements from his service to Presidents Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, and Ronald Reagan. In 2015, George P. Bush, Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office named <mask> as his special advisor to the Alamo Board. Overseeing the Alamo Mission in San Antonio, site of the Battle of the Alamo, is part of the Land Office's mandate.<mask> is active in a number of civic, educational, and professional organizations. He is a member of the International Affairs Committee of the National Association of Secretaries of State, on the Board of Directors for the Asia Society of Texas, the Texas Leadership Council of the World Congress on Information Technology 2006. He is a former member of the national Board of Trustees of Sigma Tau Gamma and the Board of Advisors of the International Center of Texas State University. <mask> is also a member of the Asia Society, British-American Business Council, the American Council of Young Political Leaders; Austin Council on Foreign Affairs, Freemasons, Knights Templar, Order of St. John, Scottish Rite, Dallas Safari Club, and Explorers Club of New York. References

External links
 Office of the Texas Secretary of State website
 Press Release: <mask> takes oath as 104th Secretary of State
 <mask> 2004 Press Releases
 <mask> 2003 Press Releases
 Texas Global Consulting website
 CACH Capital Management website
 Video: <mask> speaks during Texas trade mission to Ethiopia

Living people
1963 births
Secretaries of State of Texas
Texas lawyers
Alumni of Birkbeck, University of London
Texas Republicans
People from Winters, Texas
People

masks:
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Geoff Connor
Geoff Connor
Geoff Connor


title: June Lockhart

texts:
<mask> (born June 25, 1925) is an American actress, primarily in 1950s and 1960s television, and with performances on stage and in film. On two television series, Lassie and Lost in Space, she played mother roles. She also portrayed Dr. Janet Craig on the CBS television sitcom Petticoat Junction (1968–70). She is a two-time Emmy Award nominee and a Tony Award winner. Early life

<mask> was born on June 25, 1925 in New York City. She is the daughter of Canadian-born actor <mask>, who came to prominence on Broadway in 1933 in Ah, Wilderness!, and English-born actress <mask>. Her grandfather was <mask>, "a concert-singer".Lockhart attended the Westlake School for Girls in Beverly Hills, California. Film
<mask> made her film debut opposite her parents in a film version of A Christmas Carol in 1938. She also played supporting parts in  Meet Me in St. Louis, Sergeant York, All This, and Heaven Too, and The Yearling. She starred in She-Wolf of London (1946). Stage
Lockhart debuted on stage at the age of 8, playing Mimsey in Peter Ibbetson, presented by the Metropolitan Opera. In 1947, her acting in For Love or Money brought her out of her parents' shadow and gained her notice as "a promising movie actress in her own right." One newspaper article began, "<mask> has burst on Broadway with the suddenness of an unpredicted comet."In 1951, <mask> starred in Lawrence Riley's biographical play Kin Hubbard  opposite Tom Ewell. Television
In 1955, <mask> appeared in an episode of CBS's Appointment with Adventure. About this time, she also made several appearances on NBC's legal drama Justice, based on case files of the Legal Aid Society of New York. In the late 1950s, <mask> guest-starred in several popular television Westerns,

masks:
June Lockhart
June Lockhart
Gene Lockhart
Kathleen Lockhart
John Coates Lockhart
Lockhart
June Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart


title: June Lockhart

texts: including Wagon Train (in the episode "The Ricky an Laura Bell Story") and Cimarron City (in the episode "Medicine Man" with Gary Merrill) on NBC, and Gunsmoke, Have Gun – Will Travel, and Rawhide on CBS. In 1958, <mask> was the narrator for  Playhouse 90 's telecast of the George Balanchine version of Tchaikovsky's The Nutcracker, featuring Balanchine himself as Drosselmeyer, along with the New York City Ballet. <mask> is best known for her roles as TV mothers, first as Ruth Martin, the wife of Paul Martin (portrayed by Hugh Reilly) and the mother of Timmy Martin (played by Jon Provost) in the 1950s CBS series Lassie (a role that she played from 1958 to 1964). She replaced actress Cloris Leachman, who, in turn, had replaced Jan Clayton – who had played a similar character earlier in the series.Following her five-year run on Lassie, <mask> made a guest appearance on Perry Mason as defendant Mona Stanton Harvey in "The Case of the Scandalous Sculptor". <mask> then starred as Dr. Maureen Robinson in Lost in Space, which ran from 1965 to 1968 on CBS, opposite veteran actors Guy Williams and Jonathan Harris. In 1965, <mask> played librarian Ina Coolbrith, first poet laureate of California, in the episode "Magic Locket" of the syndicated Western series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Ronald Reagan. In the storyline, Coolbrith develops a tenuous friendship with the teenaged Dorita Duncan (Kathy Garver), later the dancer Isadora Duncan. The two have matching portions of a broken locket. Sean McClory (who also played her husband in the Perry Mason episode) played the poet Joaquin Miller, author of Songs of the Sierras. <mask> then appeared as Dr. Janet Craig on the final two seasons of the CBS sitcom Petticoat Junction

masks: Lockhart Lockhart Lockhart Lockhart Lockhart Lockhart


title: June Lockhart

texts: (1968–1970); her character was brought in to fill the void created after Bea Benaderet died during the run of the show.She was a regular in the ABC soap opera General Hospital during the 1980s and 1990s, and was also a voice actor, providing the voice of Martha Day, the lead character in the Hanna-Barbera animated series These Are the Days on ABC during the 1970s. <mask> appeared as a hostess on the Miss USA Pageant on CBS for six years, the Miss Universe Pageant on CBS for six years, the Tournament of Roses Parade on CBS for eight years, and the Thanksgiving Parade on CBS for five years. In 1986, <mask> appeared in the fantasy film, Troll. The younger version of her character in that film was played by her daughter, <mask>. They had previously played the same woman at two different ages in the "Lest We Forget" episode of the television series Magnum, P.I. (1981). In 1991, <mask> appeared as Miss Wiltrout, Michelle Tanner's kindergarten teacher on the TV sitcom Full House.She also had a cameo in the 1998 film Lost in Space, based on the television series in which she had starred 30 years earlier. In 2002, she appeared in two episodes of The Drew Carey Show as Lewis's mother, Misty Kiniski, alongside fellow TV mom Marion Ross, who played Drew's mother. In 2004, <mask> voiced the role of Grandma Emma Fowler in Focus on the Family's The Last Chance Detectives audio cases. <mask> starred as James Caan's mother in an episode of Las Vegas in 2004. <mask> has since guest-starred in episodes of Cold Case and Grey's Anatomy, in the 2007 ABC Family television film Holiday in Handcuffs, and in the 2007 feature film Wesley. In February 2013, <mask> began filming for Tesla Effect, a video game that combines live-action footage with

masks:
Lockhart
Lockhart
Anne Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart
Lockhart


title: June Lockhart

texts:
 three-dimensional graphics, which was released in May 2014. Recognition

In 1948, <mask> received a Special Tony Award for Outstanding Performance by a Newcomer (a category that no longer exists) for her role on Broadway in For Love or Money.She has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, one for motion pictures (6323 Hollywood Boulevard) and one for television (6362 Hollywood Boulevard). Both were dedicated on February 8, 1960. In 2013, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration  awarded her the Exceptional Public Achievement Medal for inspiring the public about space exploration. Personal life
In 1951, <mask> married John F. Maloney. They had two daughters, Anne Kathleen Maloney (born 1953) and <mask> Maloney (born 1955). The couple divorced in 1959. She married architect John Lindsay that same year, but they divorced in October 1970, and she has not remarried.Politically active, Lockhart has been involved in the campaigns of Harry Truman, Adlai Stevenson, John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Hubert Humphrey. Lockhart is a Roman Catholic. Filmography

Films

Television

References

Further reading
  (Includes an interview with <mask>)

External links

1925 births
Living people
Actresses from New York City
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American people of English descent
American people of Canadian descent
Donaldson Award winners
Special Tony Award recipients
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract players
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
American anti–Vietnam War activists
Beauty pageant hosts
Harvard-Westlake School alumni
California Democrats
New York (state) Democrats
California Republicans
New York (state) Republicans
Catholics from

masks:
Lockhart
Lockhart
June Elizabeth
June Lockhart


title: Liu Congjian

texts:
<mask> () (803–843), formally the Duke of Pei (), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Tang Dynasty who is most known for his term as the military governor (Jiedushi) of Zhaoyi Circuit (昭義, headquartered in modern Changzhi, Shanxi), during which he was viewed as a warlord who maintained a tight hold on the circuit but also as someone who served as a counterbalance to the eunuchs who controlled the imperial government. Background and early career
<mask> was born in 803, during the reign of Emperor Dezong. His father <mask> was then serving as an officer under Li Shigu the military governor of Pinglu Circuit (平盧, headquartered in modern Tai'an, Shandong), who ruled the circuit in de facto independence from the imperial government. As of 819, Li Shigu's brother and successor Li Shidao was in a war against the imperial government, then under the rule of Emperor Dezong's grandson Emperor Xianzong, and the imperial forces were converging on Pinglu. He commissioned <mask> to command troops to resist the forces commanded by Tian Hongzheng, the military governor of Weibo Circuit (魏博, in modern Handan, Hebei). To endear himself to <mask>, he had <mask>jian made a junior officer at his headquarters. However, <mask> was repeatedly losing battles to Tian, and Li became suspicious of <mask>'s intentions.At one point, Li decided to have <mask> executed, so he recalled <mask> from Yanggu (陽穀, in modern Liaocheng, Shandong), where his troops were stationed, under the guise of consultation, intending to execute <mask> when he got to the circuit capital

masks:
Liu Congjian
Liu Congjian
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Cong
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Wu


title: Liu Congjian

texts: Yun Prefecture (). Once <mask> arrived, however, Li, being counseled by some that executing <mask> without evidence of treachery so would destroy morale, changed his mind, and he sent <mask> back to Yanggu and gave <mask> much treasure. Meanwhile, <mask>jian, who spent much time with Li's servants, was able to learn what had happened, and informed all of it to his father. Soon thereafter, Li became resolved to kill <mask>. He sent two messengers to <mask>'s deputy Zhang Xian (), ordering Zhang to execute <mask> and take over the army. When the messengers informed Zhang, Zhang, who was friendly with <mask>, secretly informed <mask>, who immediately put the two messengers to death. <mask> then called a meeting with all of his officers, declaring that he was set to turn against Li Shidao and follow imperial orders.When some officers hesitated, he executed them, as well as a number of others that soldiers had resented. The other officers were intimidated into submission. At night, they launched a surprise attack on Yun Prefecture, and the Yun Prefecture defenders, believing that <mask> was returning on Li Shidao's orders, allowed them in. <mask> controlled the city and arrested Li and his two sons, putting them to death. He then sent messengers to surrender to Tian. To reward <mask> for his actions, Emperor Xianzong made <mask> the military governor of Yicheng Circuit (義成, headquartered in modern Anyang, Henan). <mask> was initially obedient to the imperial government, and continued to be after he was transferred to Zhaoyi Circuit in 820, by which time

masks:
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Cong
Liu Wu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Wu
Liu
Liu
Liu Wu


title: Liu Congjian

texts: Emperor Xianzong's son Emperor Muzong was emperor.However, after an incident where the imperial eunuch monitor of the army, <mask>e (), conspired with <mask>'s subordinate Zhang Wen () to seize control of Zhangyi, <mask> killed Zhang and arrested <mask>e. While, under the counsel of his staffer Jia Zhiyan (), <mask> returned <mask>e to the imperial government, he subsequently began to rule Zhaoyi semi-independently from the imperial government. <mask> died suddenly in 825. <mask>an initially did not announce his death except to the 2,000 soldiers that <mask> had brought from Pinglu Circuit initially and, after consulting with the officer <mask> (), submitted a petition in <mask>'s name requesting that <mask>an be allowed to succeed him. Jia, however, rebuked <mask>an and pointed out that it was improper for him not to publicly mourn his father. <mask>an had no response, and so publicly declared <mask>'s death. When the imperial government, then ruled by Emperor Muzong's son Emperor Jingzong, received the petition in <mask>'s name, there was much debate among the imperial officials.The former chancellor Li Jiang advocated that the request be denied, and that <mask>an be placated by making him a prefect. However, the chancellor Li Fengji and the powerful eunuch Wang Shoucheng, who opined otherwise, prevailed, and Emperor Jingzong made <mask>an the acting military governor, and soon thereafter made him military governor. It was said that while <mask> was tedious and harsh, <mask>an was lenient and graceful toward the soldiers, and the soldiers supported

masks:
Liu Chengji
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Chengji
Liu Wu
Liu Chengji
Liu Wu
Liu Congji
Liu Wu
Liu Wude
Liu Wu
Liu Congji
Liu Congji
Liu Congji
Liu Wu
Liu Wu
Liu Congji
Liu Congji
Liu Wu
Liu Congji


title: Liu Congjian

texts:
 him. As military governor
In 829, when Shi Xiancheng the military governor of Weibo, who had governed his circuit in de facto independence from the imperial government, offered to surrender control of Weibo, the imperial government commissioned Li Ting () as the new military governor of Weibo. However, Shi's soldiers opposed, and they mutinied, killing Shi. When Li Ting subsequently arrived, the Weibo soldiers, under the leadership of He Jintao, launched a surprise attack on him, inflicting much casualties and forcing him to flee. <mask>an launched an army and saved Li Ting.For this achievement, <mask> was created the Duke of Pei. It was said that <mask> had intended to be faithful to the imperial government, and in 832, he visited the capital Chang'an to pay homage to then-ruling Emperor Wenzong (Emperor Jingzong's younger brother), with the intent to request a transfer (i.e., to surrender control of Zhaoyi Circuit). However, when he got to the capital, he saw that the imperial government lacked direction, and many imperial officials made improper requests to him. He thus lost the respect he had for the imperial government, and never made the transfer request. Instead, in early 833, Emperor Wenzong conferred an honorific chancellor title of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi () on him and allowed him to return to Zhaoyi. Later in 833, Yang Yuanqing () the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) fell ill, and the imperial government was determining a successor for him. The chancellor Li Deyu suggested that <mask>

masks:
Liu Congji
Liu
Liu
Liu


title: Liu Congjian

texts: be transferred to Xuanwu, to end his family's hold on Zhaoyi.Emperor Wenzong did not find the timing appropriate, and declined the suggestion, instead making the former chancellor Li Cheng the military governor of Xuanwu. In 835, Emperor Wenzong, in an attempt to regain power from the powerful eunuchs, who commanded the imperial guards, conspired with the chancellor Li Xun and the general Zheng Zhu to have the eunuchs slaughtered. When the eunuchs discovered the plot, Li Xun, Zheng, and many other officials were slaughtered, including the other chancellors Wang Ya, Jia Su, and Shu Yuanyu, and effectively put Emperor Wenzong under house arrest. <mask>, who had been friendly with Wang, protected the slaughtered officials' family members who fled to Zhaoyi. He further submitted harshly-worded petitions to the imperial government, openly questioning whether the slaughtered officials committed any crimes at all. The eunuchs tried to placate <mask> by giving him the honorific title of acting Situ (司徒, one of the Three Excellencies), but <mask>'s petitions continued, and he eventually submitted four, continuing to call for the chancellors' posthumous rehabilitation. It was said that it was only after <mask>'s petitions that the powerful eunuchs, led by Qiu Shiliang, became apprehensive and allowed Emperor Wenzong, as well as the new chancellors Zheng Tan and Li Shi, to exercise some of their authorities.In 839, in the midst of a controversy as to which of two claimants, Xiao Ben () and Xiao Hong (), if either at all, was the true long-lost brother of Emperor

masks: Liu Liu Liu Liu


title: Liu Congjian

texts:
 Wenzong's mother Empress Dowager Xiao, after Xiao Ben was judged to be Empress Dowager Xiao's brother, Xiao Hong fled to Zhaoyi and requested help from <mask>. <mask> submitted a petition on Xiao Hong's behalf. Emperor Wenzong ordered a new investigation, which concluded that neither Xiao Ben nor Xiao Hong was Empress Dowager Xiao's brother; both were exiled. Meanwhile, <mask> continued to accuse Qiu of crimes, while Qiu accused <mask> of having designs against the imperial government. After Emperor Wenzong died in 840 and was succeeded by his brother Emperor Wuzong, <mask> offered a large horse to Emperor Wuzong, who declined the tribute. <mask> believed that Qiu was the one who persuaded Emperor Wenzong not to accept the tribute and, in anger, killed the horse, and this act drew further suspicions from the imperial government. It was further said that <mask> armed his circuit and conducted commerce to gather wealth such that the neighboring circuits were jealous of and suspicious of him.In 843, <mask> fell ill, and he commented to his wife Lady Pei:

<mask> thus wanted to have his nephew <mask> (whom he adopted as his son. According to <mask>'s biography in the New Book of Tang, <mask>an had some 20 sons, but they were all still children at the time of his death) succeed him. He planned with a number of staff members on how to induce the imperial government into allowing the succession, but before the preparations could be complete, <mask>an died. <mask>'s request to succeed him was subsequently denied, and Emperor Wuzong, under the advocacy of Li

masks:
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Zhen
Liu Congjian
Liu Congji
Liu Congji
Liu Zhen


title: Liu Congjian

texts:
 Deyu, ordered a general campaign against Zhaoyi, eventually defeating <mask> and slaughtering the <mask> family. <mask>'s body was disinterred, exposed in the street for three days, and then cut into pieces. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 161.New Book of Tang, vol. 214. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248. 803 births
843 deaths
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Zhaoyi

masks:
Liu Zhen
Liu
Liu Congjian


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts: <mask> or <mask> or <mask> ( – c. 877) was an Irish Catholic Neoplatonist philosopher, theologian and poet of the Early Middle Ages. Bertrand Russell dubbed him "the most astonishing person of the ninth century". The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy states he "is the most significant Irish intellectual of the early monastic period. He is generally recognized to be both the outstanding philosopher (in terms of originality) of the Carolingian era and of the whole period of Latin philosophy stretching from Boethius to Anselm." He wrote a number of works, but is best known today for having written De Divisione Naturae (The Division of Nature), or Periphyseon, which has been called the "final achievement" of ancient philosophy, a work which "synthesizes the philosophical accomplishments of fifteen centuries." The principal concern of De Divisione Naturae is to unfold from φύσις, which the Scot defines as "all things which are and which are not",  the entire integrated structure of reality. Eriugena achieves this through a dialectical method elaborated through exitus and reditus, that interweaves the structure of the human mind and reality as produced by the λόγος of God.Eriugena is generally classified as a Neoplatonist, though he was not influenced directly by such pagan philosophers as Plotinus or Iamblichus, Jean Trouillard stated that, although he was almost exclusively dependent on Christian theological texts and the Christian Canon, Eriugena, "reinvented the greater part of the theses of Neoplatonism." He succeeded Alcuin of York (c. 735–804) as head of the Palace School at Aachen. He also

masks:
John Scotus Eriugena
Johannes Scotus Erigena
John the Scot


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts:
 translated and made commentaries upon the work of Dionysius the Areopagite, and was one of the few Western European philosophers of his day who knew Greek, having studied in Byzantine Athens. A later medieval tradition recounts that Eriugena was stabbed to death by his students at Malmesbury with their pens, although this may rather be allegorical. Name
According to Jorge Luis Borges, <mask>'s byname may be construed as  the repetitious "Irish Irish". The form "Eriugena" is used by <mask> to describe himself in one manuscript. It means 'Ireland (Ériu)-born'.'Scottus' in the Middle Ages was the Latin term for "Irish or Gaelic", so his full name translates as "<mask>, the Irish-born Gael". "Scotti" was the late Latin term for the Irish people, with Ireland itself being Scotia or in the Medieval period Scotia Major (to distinguish it from Scotia Minor, i.e. modern Scotland). The spelling 'Scottus' has the authority of the early manuscripts until perhaps the 11th century. Occasionally he is also named 'Scottigena' ("Irish-born") in the manuscripts. He is not to be confused with the later, Scottish philosopher <mask> <mask>. Life
<mask> Eriugena was educated in Ireland.He moved to France (about 845) at the invitation of Carolingian King Charles the Bald. He succeeded Alcuin of York (735–804), the leading scholar of the Carolingian Renaissance, as head of the Palace School. The reputation of this school increased greatly under Eriugena's leadership, and he was treated with indulgence by the king. Whereas Alcuin was a schoolmaster rather than a philosopher, <mask> was a noted Greek scholar, a skill which,

masks:
John
John Scotus
John
John Duns
Scotus
Johannes Scotus
Eriugena


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts: proceeds from it, and returns to it.According to Deirdre Carabine, both "ways" must be understood as intrinsically entwined and are not separate movements or processes. "For the procession of the creatures and the return of the same are so intimately associated in the reason which considers them that they appear to be inseparable the one from the other, and it is impossible for anyone to give any worthy and valid account of either by itself without introducing the other, that is to say, of the procession without the return and collection and vice versa." <mask> Eriugena was also a devout Catholic. Pittenger argues that, too often, those who have written about him seem to have pictured <mask> as one who spent his life in the endeavor to dress up his own personal Neoplatonism in a thin Christian garb, but who never quite succeeded in disguising his real tendency. "This is untrue and unfair. Anyone who has taken the trouble to read Erigena, and not merely to read about him, and more particularly one who has studied the De Divisione Naturae sympathetically, cannot question the profound Christian faith and devotion of this Irish thinker nor doubt his deep love for Jesus Christ, the incarnate Son of God. In the middle of long and some what arid metaphysical discussions, one comes across occasional passages such as the following, surely the cry of a passionately Christian soul: O Domine Jesu, nullum aliud praemium, nullam aliam beatitudinem, nullum aliud gaudium a te postulo, nisi ut ad purum absque ullo errore fallacis theoriae verba tua, quae per tuum sanctum Spiritum inspirata sunt, intelligam (Migne ed.,

masks:
John Scotus
John


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts: in the ninth century. Accordingly, in the 820s ambassadors from the Byzantine emperor to the court of Louis the Pious donated Louis a Greek manuscript of the Dionysian corpus, which was immediately given to the Abbey of Saint Denis in the care of Abbot Hilduin. Hilduin proceeded to direct a translation of the Dionysian corpus from Greek into Latin, based on this single manuscript.Soon after, probably by the middle of the ninth century, Eriugena made a second Latin translation of the Dionysian corpus, and much later wrote a commentary on "The Celestial Hierarchy". This constitutes the first major Latin reception of the Areopagite. It is unclear why Eriugena made a new translation so soon after Hilduin's. It has often been suggested that Hilduin's translation was deficient; though this is a possibility, it was a serviceable translation. Another possibility is that Eriugena's creative energies and his inclination toward Greek theological subjects motivated him to make a new translation. Eriugena's next work was a Latin translation of Dionysius the Areopagite undertaken at the request of Charles the Bald. A translation of the Areopagite's writings was not likely to alter the opinion already formed as to Eriugena's orthodoxy.Pope Nicholas I was offended that the work had not been submitted for approval before being given to the world, and ordered Charles to send Eriugena to Rome, or at least to dismiss him from his court. There is no evidence, however, that this order was carried out. At the request of the Byzantine emperor Michael III (c. 858), <mask> undertook some translation into Latin of the works of


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts:
 summarized the matter thus:
If one takes a particular set of isolated statements of <mask>us one would have to say that he was either a pantheist or a theist. For example, the statement that the distinction between the second and third stages of Nature is due only to the forms of human reasoning is in itself clearly pantheistic, while the statement that the substantial distinction between God and creatures is always preserved is clearly theistic. It might seem that we should opt for one or the other set in an unqualified manner, and it is this attitude which has given rise to the notion that <mask>us was a conscious pantheist who made verbal concessions to orthodoxy with his tongue in his cheek. But if one realises that he was a sincere Christian, who yet attempted to reconcile Christian teaching with a predominantly neo-Platonic philosophy or rather to express the Christian wisdom in the only framework of thought which was then at hand, which happened to be predominantly neo-Platonic one should also be able to realise that, in spite of the tensions involved and the tendency to rationalise Christian dogma, as far as the subjective standpoint of the philosopher [i.e., of <mask>us] was concerned a satisfactory reconciliation was effected. Apocatastasis
Eriugena is believed to have held to a form of apocatastasis or universal reconciliation, which maintains that the universe will eventually be restored under God's dominion. His form of apocatastasis however is fairly unique. It is not Christian Universalism, but rather part of a broader Neoplatonic eschatology.As the cosmos for Eriugena gradually

masks:
John Scot
John Scot
John Scot


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts:
 Hildegard also follows Eriugena on his account of intersubjectivity as well as his view of the soul's return through the cosmos to God. "The networked centricities in the Ordo allow distant tonalities to be drawn close, collapsing linear progressions into folded, synoptic structures. In this way, Eriugena’s intersubjective proximity through spherical absorption... becomes one of the organizing principles of the Ordo Virtutum as a whole, and its expression of what we might today call the phenomenological aspects of a spiritual pilgrimage, the soul’s navigatio through the chaos of the world, its re-ordering, and return to the One, i.e., the celestial city Ordo Virtutum 86 (celestem Ierusalem)."Nicholas of Cusa

As Catà argues, the philosophical relationship between <mask>a and Nicholas of Cusa, connecting directly two different thinkers through six centuries, is a fundamental moment in the history of Christian Neoplatonism. Cusanus is the most significant interpreter of Eriugena's thought, between Eckhart and the German Idealism. "The strong influence of the Irish philosopher on Cusanus’ work is decisive. The idea of God as the infinite One wherein all beings are contained; and the conception of the universe as a self-creation of God, elaborated by Eriugena, constitute the fulcrum of Cusanus’ metaphysical system." Modern philosophy

Leszek Kołakowski, a Polish Marx scholar, has mentioned Eriugena as one of the primary influences on Hegel's, and therefore Marx's, dialectical form. In particular, he called De Divisione Naturae a prototype of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit. Eriugena's systematic earned


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts:
 the reputation as the "Hegel of the ninth century," among German Hegelian scholars,

Legacy

Eriugena gives his name to the John Scottus School in Dublin.<mask> also appeared on the Series B £5 note, in use between 1976 and 1992. Bertrand Russell called him "the most astonishing person of the ninth century". The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy states he "is the most significant Irish intellectual of the early monastic period. He is generally recognized to be both the outstanding philosopher (in terms of originality) of the Carolingian era and of the whole period of Latin philosophy stretching from Boethius to Anselm". William of Malmesbury
William of Malmesbury's humorous anecdote illustrates both the character of Eriugena and the position he occupied at the French court. The king having asked,  (What separates a sot [drunkard] from an Irishman? ), Eriugena replied,  (Only a Table).William of Malmesbury is not considered a reliable source on <mask> Eriugena by modern scholars. For example, his reports that Eriugena is buried at Malmesbury  is doubted by scholars  who say that William confused <mask>a with a different monk named <mask>. William's report on the manner of Eriugena's death, killed by the pens of his students, also appears to be a legend. "It seems certain that this is due to confusion with another <mask> and that the manner of <mask>'s death is borrowed from the Acts of St. Cassian of Imola. Feast: (at Malmesbury), 28 January." Works

Translations
Johannis Scotti Eriugenae Periphyseon: (De Divisione Naturae), 3 vols, edited by I. P. Sheldon-Williams, (Dublin: Dublin Institute for

masks:
John Scotus
John Scotus
John Eriugen
John
John
John


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts:
 Advanced Studies, 1968–1981) [the Latin and English text of Books 1–3 of De Divisione Naturae]
Periphyseon (The Division of Nature), tr. I. P. Sheldon-Williams and JJ O'Meara, (Montreal: Bellarmin, 1987) [The Latin text is published in É. Jeauneau, ed, CCCM 161–165.]The Voice of the Eagle. The Heart of Celtic Christianity: <mask> <mask>'s Homily on the Prologue to the Gospel of St. John, translated and introduced by Christopher Bamford, (Hudson, NY: Lindisfarne; Edinburgh: Floris, 1990) [reprinted Great Barrington, MA: Lindisfarne, 2000] [translation of Homilia in prologum Sancti Evangelii secundum Joannem]
Iohannis Scotti Eriugenae Periphyseon (De divisione naturae), edited by Édouard A. Jeauneau; translated into English by <mask>. O'Meara and I.P. Sheldon-Williams, (Dublin: School of Celtic Studies, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1995) [the Latin and English text of Book 4 of De divisione naturae]
Glossae divinae historiae: the Biblical glosses of <mask> Eriugena, edited by <mask>. Contreni and Pádraig P. Ó Néill, (Firenze: SISMEL Edizioni del Galluzzo, 1997)
Treatise on divine predestination, translated by Mary Brennan, (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1998) [translation of De divina praedestinatione liber.] A Thirteenth-Century Textbook of Mystical Theology at the University of Paris: the Mystical Theology of Dionysius the Areopagite in <mask>'s Latin Translation, with the Scholia translated by Anastasius the Librarian, and Excerpts from Eriugena's Periphyseon, translated and introduced by L. Michael Harrington, Dallas medieval texts and translations 4, (Paris; Dudley, MA:

masks:
John Scotus
Eriugena
John J
John Scottus
John J
Eriugena


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts:
 Peeters, 2004)
Paul Rorem, Eriugena's Commentary on the Dionysian Celestial Hierarchy, (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 2005). [The Latin text is published in Expositiones in Ierarchiam coelestem Iohannis Scoti Eriugenae, ed J. Barbet, CCCM 31, (1975).] Iohannis Scotti Erivgenae: Carmina, edited by Michael W. Herren, (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1993)

See also
 Apocatastasis
Augustinianism
 Berengarians
De Divisione Naturae
 Mystical Theology
Neoplatonism
 Neoplatonism and Christianity
Pseudo-Dionysius

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading
 . [This argues that Eriugena's knowledge of Greek was not completely thorough.]Paul Rorem. "The Early Latin Dionysius: Eriugena and Hugh of St Victor." Modern Theology 24:4, (2008). <mask>. "'The Harmony of All Things': Music, Soul, and Cosmos in the Writings of <mask>us Eriugena." PhD diss., Florida State University, 2014. Carabine, Deirdre (2000).<mask> <mask>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN 1-4237-5969-9. OCLC 64712052. Carabine, Deirdre (1995). The Unknown God, Negative Theology in the Platonic Tradition: Plato to Eriugena.Louvain: Peeters Press. Moran, Dermot (1989). The Philosophy of <mask>us Eriugena; A Study of Idealism in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. O'Meara, <mask> (2002). Eriugena. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Sushkov, Sergei N (2015). Being and creation in the Theology of <mask>us Eriugena: an approach to a new way of thinking. University of Glasgow. Gersh, Stephen (1978). From Iamblichus to Eriugena: An Investigation of the Prehistory and Evolution of the

masks:
John MacIis
John Scott
John Scottus
Eriugena
John Scott
John
John Scott


title: John Scotus Eriugena

texts:
 Pseudo-Dionysian Tradition. Leiden: Brill. External links

 .
 .
 .
 .
 .

 .

800 births
877 deaths
9th-century Christian mystics
9th-century Christian theologians
9th-century Irish writers
9th-century Latin writers
9th-century philosophers
9th-century translators
Augustinian philosophers
<mask>us
Catholic philosophers
Greek–Latin translators
Irish biblical scholars
Irish expatriates in France
Irish Latinists
Irish male poets
Irish philosophers
Neoplatonists
Scholastic philosophers
Writers of the Carolingian


title: M. H. M. Ashraff

texts:
<mask> (; 23 October 1948 – 16 September 2000 ) was a Sri Lankan lawyer, politician, government minister and founder/leader of the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. Early life and family
<mask> was born on 23 October 1948 in Sammanthurai in south-eastern Ceylon. He was the son of <mask>, a village headman, and <mask>. <mask> grew up in Kalmunai where his maternal family, the Kariappers, were very influential. He was educated at Wesley College, Kalmunai. After school he joined Ceylon Law College, passing his examination with first class honours. Ashraff married Ferial.They had one son, Aman. Career

Law
After qualifying <mask> started practising criminal law in the Eastern Province in 1974. He joined the Attorney-General's Department as a state counsel in 1975 after a short while returned to practising law. He received a Bachelor's degree and a Master's degree (1995) in law from the University of Colombo later and was appointed President's Counsel in 1997. Writings
<mask> wrote short stories, poems and newspaper/magazine articles in Tamil and English. He had a book of poems called Naan Enum Nee published. He worked as a part-time journalist on the Dinapathi daily newspaper whilst studying at Ceylon Law College.Later he published a left-wing magazine called Samathuvam (Equality). He wrote a Tamil book on the constitutional law. <mask> was an admirer of Tamil political leader S. J. V. Chelvanayakam and spoke at Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (Federal Party) meetings. Following the Puttalam massacre on 2 February 1976 in which at least 6 Muslim civilians were killed by the police, Muslim MPs remained silent and it was left to Chelvanayakam to raise the matter. <mask> was appreciative of this. <mask> attended the Vaddukoddai Conference in May 1976 at which the Tamil United Liberation Front (TULF) unanimously passed the historic Vaddukoddai Resolution calling for the creation of an independent Tamil Eelam. <mask> and others formed the Muslim United Liberation Front (MULF) political party in 1977 to represent Sri Lanka's Muslim

masks:
Mohammed Hussain Mohammed Ashraff
Ashraff
Mohammed Meera Lebbe Hussain
Matheena Ummah
Ashraff
Ashraff
Ashraff
Politics Ashraff
Ashraff
Ashraff
Ashraff


title: M. H. M. Ashraff

texts: population.<mask> was MULF's legal advisor and theoretician. MULF formed an alliance with the TULF to contest the 1977 parliamentary election under the TULF ticket. At an election rally <mask> famously announced that even if big brother Amirthalingam (leader of TULF) abandoned the Eelam goal, little brother <mask> would continue to fight for it. The TULF won 18 seats at the election but the MULF candidates performed badly, not winning any seats. <mask> left MULF in 1980 after it merged with the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. The TULF refused to allow Muslim candidates to contest on the TULF ticket during the May 1981 District Development Council elections which resulted in <mask> ending his relationship with the TULF. On 21 September 1981 <mask> and other leading Muslim politicians established the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) at Kattankudy.The SLMC was initially a cultural organisation. The Black July anti-Tamil riots of 1983 and the ensuing civil war between Tamil militants and the Sri Lankan government caused apprehension amongst the Muslim population. The government's decision to resume diplomatic ties with Israel also caused problems. In 1985 violence, stoked by the Sri Lankan government, erupted between Tamils and Muslims living in the Kalmunai-Karaitivu area, causing <mask> to re-locate to Colombo. Controversially <mask> compared his situation to <mask>'s Hegira from Mecca to Medina, ignoring the fact that he had left his supporters behind in Kalmunai whereas <mask> took his followers to Medina. In Colombo <mask> worked at Faisz <mask>'s chambers. It was there that he came across Rauff <mask>.Exploiting the political situation in Sri Lanka, <mask> transformed SLMC into a political party in November 1986, taking over its leadership after ousting Ahamed Lebbe. <mask> wasn't entirely happy with the 1987 Indo-Lanka Accord but nevertheless supported it. The SLMC contested the 1988 provincial council elections, winning 29 seats including 17 on the North Eastern Provincial Council, becoming its main opposition party. The

masks: Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Muhammad Muhammad Ashraff Mustpha Hakeem Ashraff Ashraff


title: M. H. M. Ashraff

texts: SLMC supported United National Party candidate Ranasinghe Premadasa at the 1988 presidential election. <mask> played a key role in the passing of the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka which reduced the cut-off mark to enter Parliament from 12.5% to 5%, helping smaller parties such as the SLMC. <mask> contested the 1989 parliamentary election as one of the SLMC's candidates in Ampara District. He was elected and entered Parliament.He was re-elected at the 1994 parliamentary election. Prior to the election the SLMC had entered into an electoral pact with main opposition People's Alliance (PA). Following the PA's victory the SLMC joined the new government. <mask> was sworn in as Minister of Shipping, Ports and Rehabilitation on 19 August 1994. Two other SLMC MPs became deputy ministers whilst <mask> became Deputy Chairman of Committees. <mask> lost the shipping portfolio later. <mask>'s ministerial career was not without controversies - he was accused of creating jobs for Muslims at state-owned institutions under his control and giving priority to Muslim areas when it came to rehabilitation projects.<mask> often got into disputes with fellow Muslim minister A. H. M. Fowzie which resulted in <mask> threatening to resign. <mask>, who was supreme "Thalaiver" (leader) of the SLMC, dealt harshly with dissension in the party. At the time of his death three SLMC MPs had been suspended from the party by <mask>. By 2000 relations between the SLMC and PA had become strained. Earlier, in 1999, <mask> had founded the National Unity Alliance (NUA) with the aim of creating a "united Sri Lanka by 2012". <mask> resigned from the government on 22 August 2000, stating that he was severing all ties with the PA and that the SLMC would contest the 2000 parliamentary election on its own, and left for pilgrimage to Mecca but President Chandrika Kumaratunga refused to accept his resignation. On returning to Sri Lanka <mask> settled his differences with the government and resumed his cabinet position.However, just before

masks: Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Hakeem Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff


title: M. H. M. Ashraff

texts:
 <mask> died he had sent faxes to the media stating that the SLMC and NUA had severed all ties with the PA.

Death
On the morning of 16 September 2000, at around 9.30am, <mask> boarded a Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF) Mi-17 helicopter at the Police Grounds at Bambalapitiya. The flight to Ampara District was to have taken him over Kandy, Randenigala, Maha Oya and Iginiyagala. Besides Ashraff there were 14 others on board - nine party officials, three bodyguards and two crew members. About 40/45 minutes after take-off the helicopter lost radio contact with air traffic controllers. Another SLAF helicopter was sent to search for the missing helicopter in the Hasalaka-Randenigala area. The wreckage of <mask>'s helicopter was found in flames on Bible Rock near Aranayake in Kegalle District. By the time the SLAF rescue team landed and reached the site the police, assisted by locals, had removed most of the bodies.<mask>'s funeral was held on the same day, at around midnight, at Colombo's Jawatta Muslim burial ground. The weather at the time of the crash was good. The authorities initially claimed that engine failure had caused the crash. The government immediately ordered an inquiry into the crash and in January 2001 President Kumaratunga appointed a Presidential Commission to inquire into the crash. However, neither found any conclusive evidence for the crash's cause. Electoral history

References

External links

1948 births
2000 deaths
20th-century poets
Alumni of Zahira College, Colombo
Alumni of Ceylon Law College
Alumni of the University of Colombo
Cabinet ministers of Sri Lanka
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
National Unity Alliance politicians
People from Eastern Province, Sri Lanka
President's Counsels (Sri Lanka)
Shipping ministers of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka Muslim Congress politicians
Sri Lankan Moor journalists
Sri Lankan Moor lawyers
Sri Lankan Moor poets
Sri Lankan Moor politicians
Sri Lankan Moor writers
Sri Lankan Muslims
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents

masks: Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff Ashraff


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
<mask>, 1st Baron <mask>,  (5 June 1829 – 29 November 1921), known as <mask>, Bt, between 1886 and 1891, was a prominent Canadian businessman. Originally from Scotland, he made his fame in Montreal and was the first Canadian to be elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was the financial genius behind the creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was President of the Bank of Montreal and is remembered as one of the greatest philanthropists of his time: he built a new wing at the Montreal General Hospital, donated generously to various hospitals in Scotland and gave over £1.3 million to the Prince of Wales Hospital Fund in London, working closely with <mask>. He and his first cousin, Lord Strathcona, purchased the land and then each gave $1 million to the City of Montreal to construct and maintain the Royal Victoria Hospital. His home in Montreal's Golden Square Mile later became the Mount Stephen Club. In 1888, he retired to England, living between Brocket Hall and 17 Carlton House Terrace. His first wife is credited with introducing the canoe to Scotland.From starting life as a bare-footed stable boy, he became the richest man in Canada and closely associated with <mask>, whose wife, Queen Mary, was a lifelong friend and confidante of the second Lady <mask>. Early years
<mask> was born in 1829 at Dufftown, Banffshire, in a cottage built by his grandfather. He was the son of <mask> (b. 1801), a carpenter, and Elspet, daughter of John Smith, a crofter at Knockando, Moray. His mother was a first cousin of the philanthropic Grant brothers of Manchester, immortalised as the "Cheeryble Brothers" in Charles Dickens' Nicholas Nickleby. <mask> began

masks:
George Stephen
Mount Stephen
Sir George Stephen
George V
George V
Mount Stephen
Stephen
William Stephen
Stephen


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts: life as a boy running barefoot through fields to carry letters for the Duke of Richmond for a shilling. He was educated at the parish school, leaving at the age of fourteen to work variously as a stable boy, shepherd and in a local hotel.The following year he was apprenticed to a draper and silk mercer at Aberdeen, before moving to London in 1848 - first working for a draper and then at a wholesale dry goods house. <mask>'s first cousin, <mask>, had already emigrated to Montreal and established a wholesale dry goods business on St. Paul Street. At William's invitation, the <mask> family came to Montreal in 1847, and <mask> joined them in 1850. For the next twelve years <mask> worked for his cousin, who left him the business after his death in 1862. <mask> made his brother, Francis, a partner and eventually sold the business to him and Andrew Robertson in 1867. By 1864, he had been elected to the Montreal Board of Trade, a clear sign of his early success, and by 1866 he was running his own successful wool-importing company while also investing in other textile businesses. Driven by a desire to succeed, coupled with a strong work ethic, he was already demonstrating an unusual business acumen.In 1866, he started to work closely with his first cousin, Donald Smith (later Lord Strathcona). The two were to become partners in a myriad of ventures which made them both a fortune. One of their first investments was in 1868, when they formed a partnership with Richard B. Angus and Andrew Paton to establish the Paton (Textile) Manufacturing Company of Sherbrooke. By the late 1860s, <mask> had become one of the foremost financiers in Montreal, forming boards and

masks:
George Stephen
William Stephen
Stephen
George
George
George
Stephen


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 working alongside Montreal's most prominent business names. By 1873, he had become a director of the Bank of Montreal, and three years later he was elected president, in which capacity he frequently traveled to London and New York City to meet with the leading financiers there. He remained as president until 1881, resigning to turn his full attention to running the company that would build the Canadian Pacific Railway. He was elected to the Montreal Board of Trade in July 1864 as a successful businessman.<mask> had begun investing in railways and formed the Canada Rolling Stock Company in 1870. Railroads

In 1877, his cousin Donald Smith introduced him to James Hill, which led to the establishment of George Stephen & Associates, one of the most profitable partnerships in the history of North American railways. The associates were Hill, Smith, Hill's business partner Norman Kittson, and John Stewart Kennedy, an investment banker from Scotland active in New York. They were later joined by two more Montrealers, R.B. Angus and Duncan McIntyre. Hill was to commission the Swiss-born American portrait painter Adolfo Muller-Ury to paint his portrait in London in 1898 – along with that of his cousin Strathcona – and until 2008 <mask>'s portrait hung in the railroad offices of the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad in New Mexico, U.S.A.; it is now in a private collection at Estevan Lodge in Jardins de Métis, Canada. In 1879, the syndicate purchased the struggling Saint Paul and Pacific Railroad for $5.5 million.The deal created a sensation in Montreal as it was rumoured that <mask> had used his position as President of the Bank of Montreal to obtain loans at

masks:
Stephen
Mount Stephen
Stephen


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 limited rates. <mask> treated the "scribblers" of the press with contempt, but they continued to plague him and the complicated financial structures he put together. <mask> was constantly concerned about their effect on his businesses and reputation. The syndicate, however, turned the St. Paul railroad around. They changed its name, restored profitability and expanded its lines to Winnipeg. In 1885, they sold the railroad for $25 million, and such was the success of the partnership (minus Kittson who retired from business in 1881) that it had already led them to win the contract with the Government of Canada to build the CPR. <mask> became the first president of Canadian Pacific Railway and held the position till 1888.Building the Canadian Pacific Railway

Named as the CPR's first president, <mask> oversaw the monumental task of not just negotiating a route across 2,000 miles of forests, swamps, rivers, and mountains; but also raising the necessary funds estimated at $100 million, of which at least half had to be secured. At Hill's suggestion he hired William Cornelius Van Horne to construct three major sections of the track, and his partnership with James Ross proved invaluable to the engineering success of the railway. However, by the end of 1881, <mask> admitted that the project was "assuming dimensions far beyond my calculations". He ceased all other activities, and bringing R.B. Angus to Montreal with him, they devoted all their energies to the world's second transcontinental railroad. As <mask> purposefully did not want a long list of investors, the risks were high to all those involved and the CPR found few takers in London and New York City. By

masks: Stephen Stephen Stephen Stephen Stephen Stephen


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 1883, the syndicate was straining under the huge financial obligations being called of them.<mask> was risking almost all of his fortune on the venture and even used his mansion in Montreal as collateral. Hill resigned in 1883, when he realised that his own railroad would be in direct competition with the CPR for eastbound traffic. However, through loyalty to his partners, he held on to half of his shares. Next, Kennedy resigned, depressing the CPR stock even further and making <mask>'s increasingly frantic attempts to find capital even more difficult. In the face of this crisis, fellow Montrealer McIntyre resigned in 1884, forcing the other directors to buy his shares and in the process earning himself <mask>'s lifelong enmity. Using every ounce of his experience in banking, natural flair for persuasion and business acumen, <mask> proved capable of putting together the complicated financing needed to complete the project, despite cost overruns from numerous unanticipated engineering, business and political problems. The final piece in the financial puzzle was secured when, in 1885, he travelled to London for a personal appeal that convinced Lord Revelstoke and Barings Bank to underwrite the sale of £3 million in company stock.On 7 November 1885, at Craigellachie, British Columbia, Donald Smith famously hammered home the last spike in the railroad. <mask>, Smith, and Angus were the sole members of the original syndicate to have kept their nerve. Their gamble paid off and the success of the first leg of what would soon become the "world's greatest transportation system" almost immediately made them enormously rich. Aftermath

<mask> gave over $1 million


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 to Sir John A. Macdonald's government from 1882 to 1890, knowing full well the important part it played in the successful completion of the CPR when their finances had been nothing short of precarious. But, <mask> refused to accept the argument that the CPR owed its existence to the government. He became engaged in a very public battle over several years with John Norquay concerning the unpopular monopoly clause, but had to concede to public pressure in 1888, allowing the construction of branch lines south of the CPR main line. Though a financier of undoubted reputation, <mask> did not excel in public debate.He resigned as President of the CPR in 1888 and approved the appointment of Sir William Cornelius Van Horne to succeed him. Though of course a very wealthy man, the CPR had taken a significant toll on <mask>'s personal portfolio. James Hill had ended up better off than him for having held on to his railroad when <mask> had had to liquidate his share in it to ensure the completion of the CPR. He also regretted having encouraged his associates to invest in the CPR, knowing that Hill's Manitoba Railway was a better opportunity. He was not bitter towards Hill, in fact quite the opposite, remaining as Hill's staunchest ally throughout the remainder of his career. <mask> remained a director of the CPR until 1893, but thereafter showed only glimpses of interest in the railway. He reduced his holdings and even encouraged others to follow suit.Ironically, the principal source of <mask>'s vast wealth stemmed from his investments in Hill's railroads. Salmon fishing

A tireless worker, in private life <mask> was retiring with only one real passion – salmon

masks: Stephen Stephen Stephen Stephen Stephen Stephen Stephen


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 fishing – an enthusiasm in which his first wife readily joined him. In 1873, he purchased an estate at the confluence of the Matapédia and Cascapédia rivers. He made regular trips to the lodge (today a museum) and entertained friends and the occasional Governor-General there. <mask> was a pioneer of sport fishing in the Gaspé Peninsula, introducing many to not only the sport but also to the region, of which he was a generous benefactor. In 1886, he purchased another estate at Grand-Métis, building Estevan Lodge. In 1918, he gave this estate to his sister's daughter, Elsie (Meighen) Reford, who transformed it into the vast Jardins de Métis (Reford Gardens) ornamental garden that remains famous today.Philanthropy

Remembered as one of the most generous philanthropists of his time, <mask> sought no accolades for his gestures and directed the majority of his fortune towards hospitals. In 1890, he and his first cousin, Lord Strathcona, purchased the Frothingham estate in the Golden Square Mile as the site for the Royal Victoria Hospital. They gave this purchase to the City of Montreal with the caveat that the land and its buildings must only ever be used for education and healing. They then contributed $500,000 each for its construction and after it opened in 1893 they gave a further $500,000 each in stock to establish an endowment fund to maintain it. <mask> also donated a wing to the Montreal General Hospital and made donations to various hospitals in Scotland. In 1901 he donated £25,000 to clear the debt resting on the Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, for which he was in August 1901 honoured with the Freedom of the City of Aberdeen. Though best remembered today

masks: Stephen Stephen Stephen


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 for the Royal Vic, he reserved the bulk of his fortune for the Prince of Wales Hospital Fund in London.<mask> worked closely with the future <mask> in creating its endowment fund and was its most important benefactor, having made gifts to the amount of £1,315,000. To put these figures into a personal perspective, when <mask> died in 1921, after providing for his wife, step-daughter and charities, he left £1,414,319 to be divided between nineteen relatives, which worked out at about £75,000 each. Though hardly an inconsequential sum, he gave substantially more to charity than he left to his individual heirs. In his will, he left little to charities in Canada, believing that through the donations mentioned above and his legacy that was the Canadian Pacific Railway, he had given more to Canada than it had given to him. Montreal to England

In 1880, <mask> employed the architect William Tutin Thomas to build him a sumptuous mansion (George <mask> House) in Montreal's Golden Square Mile. The house took three years to complete and cost some $600,000. Architectural historian Arthur Richardson described it as "one of the real masterpieces of the Italianate style in Canada".After <mask> moved to England, the house was occupied by his sister <mask> and her husband, Robert Meighen, who purchased it in 1900. From 1926, it became the Mount Stephen Club. From the mid-1880s <mask> began to spend an increasing amount of time in England. Tired of the business and politics that surrounded his life in Montreal, when he retired from the CPR in 1888 he settled permanently in England. The <mask> kept a city residence at 17 Carlton House Terrace and from 1893 leased Brocket

masks:
Stephen
George V
Mount Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Elsie Stephen
Stephen
Stephens


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 Hall near Hatfield, Hertfordshire, where he died in 1921. He had been created a Baronet in 1886, and in 1891 he had the honour of being the first Canadian to be elevated to the Peerage of the United Kingdom. He was created 1st Baron Mount Stephen "of Mount Stephen in the Province of British Columbia and Dominion of Canada, and of Dufftown in the County of Banff" (Scotland).He took the name from the peak named Mount <mask> in the Rocky Mountains previously named in his honour and adjacent to the CPR line. Mount Stephen House, a CPR hotel at the base of the mountain, also bore his name. Lord <mask> sat regularly in the House of Lords but avoided public speaking and committees. He returned to Canada infrequently, making his last trip in 1894, but his influence there remained considerable, particularly to those seeking high office: Lord Minto acknowledged that he owed his appointment as Governor General of Canada in 1898 to the influence of <mask> and Lord Wolseley. From the 1890s onwards, he passed management of his substantial investments in Canada, the United States and England to his individual agents in those countries. <mask> <mask> was appointed a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order in 1905. Charlotte (1830–1896), the 1st Lady Mount Stephen

At London, on 8 April 1853, <mask> married his first wife, Annie Charlotte Kane (1830–1896).She was one of several children born to Benjamin Kane on the  island of Corfu when the Ionian Islands were a British protectorate. Her father, a former officer in the Royal Engineers was assistant clerk of works in the Naval Ordnance there, though she was educated in London. During a Royal Tour, the haemophiliac

masks:
Stephen
Mount Stephen
Stephen
Lord Mount
Stephen
George Stephen


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, fell seriously ill at Montreal and Charlotte nursed him back to health. As such, in 1887, she was first presented to Queen Victoria by her friend Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury, who lived at Hatfield House which neighboured the <mask>'s home from 1893, Brocket Hall. The Queen thanked Lady <mask> by presenting her with an oil portrait of herself. At Brocket Hall, Lady <mask> frequently entertained the Prince (the future Edward VII) and Princess of Wales, the Duke and Duchess of Connaught and the Duchess of Teck. She introduced the canoe to Scotland while living at Faskally, Perthshire and fished with her husband in Canada and the rivers of Scotland.She died in London on 10 April 1896, and was buried in Lemsford Churchyard, adjoining Brocket Hall. The couple had no biological children, but had adopted as a young woman in Montreal, Alice Brooke, purportedly the daughter of a Vermont clergyman. Alice Maude <mask> (died 1934), DBE (born Alice Brooke). Her adopted father introduced her to, and in 1873 she married, Henry Northcote, 1st Baron Northcote. The union was childless. In 1919, she was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire. Georgina (1864–1933), the 2nd Lady <mask>

In 1897, after the death of his first wife, <mask> remarried Georgina Mary (known as Gian) Tufnell (1864–1933), daughter of Captain <mask> Tufnell R.N., of Uffington and Jessy (née Curtis), granddaughter of Sir William Curtis, 1st Bt.Gian was a niece of <mask>on and she had been Lady-in-Waiting to Princess Mary Adelaide, Duchess of Teck, a frequent guest at Brocket Hall, and the mother of Queen Mary. Through this

masks:
Stephen
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen
Stephen
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen
Robert George
George Glynvert


title: George Stephen, 1st Baron Mount Stephen

texts:
 connection, Gian was a lifelong friend and confidant of Queen Mary and she and <mask> <mask> regularly entertained her and her husband, <mask>, at Brocket. The Duchess of Teck was said to have been strongly in favour of Gian and <mask>'s marriage. Gian <mask> had a stillborn daughter in March 1900, and there were no other children of the marriage. She was said to have preferred the life at Brocket Hall to the social life that surrounded their city residence on Carlton House Terrace. She was also said to have been exceedingly popular around Hatfield, and her many benefactions endeared her to hundreds. Lady <mask> was created a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1919 for her work with Queen Mary's Needlework Guild, the same year her stepdaughter, Alice, was also awarded the same honour.Gian, Lady <mask> gave Queen Mary a diamond riviere necklace, which was later given to Princess Margaret, who wore it on her wedding day. Lady <mask> died in 1933 at Cuckfield, Sussex, England. As Lord <mask> had left no natural heirs by either of his wives, his titles died with him. See also
Canadian Hereditary Peers
Golden Square Mile

References

External links
 Biography from Digital collections of Canada
Photograph: <mask> in 1865. McCord Museum
Photograph: <mask> in 1871. McCord Museum

1829 births
1921 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Canadian Pacific Railway executives
Canadian railway entrepreneurs
Canadian Presbyterians
Canadian baronets
Canadian peers
Canadian philanthropists
Canadian knights
Canadian Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order
Scottish Presbyterians
Peers of Scotland
Scottish philanthropists
Scottish

masks:
Lord Mount
Stephen
George V
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen
Mount Stephen
George Stephen
George Stephen


title: Rita Moss

texts:
<mask> (born Loreta L. Waynesboro; July 4, 1918 – July 16, 2015) was an American jazz and ballad singer, notable for her four-octave vocal range. Although she took piano lessons as a child, she was a mostly self-taught multi-instrumentalist who could play piano, organ and drums. She was born in Cabin Creek, Kanawha, West Virginia and grew up in Long Island, New York. She credited the discovery of her vocal range to singing along to saxophonist Freddy Gardner's recording of "Body and Soul", a record she had turned up in a Manhattan store's bargain bin. Career
<mask> first came to attention following a 1949 debut at New York's Park Avenue Restaurant, where public reception led to a stay of over 7 months. Appearances in London, Ontario and Cleveland, Ohio followed, including performances at jazz DJ and impresario Leonard Feather's concerts. Initially billed as "Reta" <mask>, her first single was released in January 1950 on Futurama Records, a local label run by Main Stem record store owner Arthur Bangel.Bangel formed Futurama to cut jazz, blues and rhythm, including artists involved in Feathers' contemporary bop concerts at Carnegie Hall. In the early 1950s, <mask> cut a few singles on Debonair, Decca and Mercury, including a four-song EP on Clef (Verve) in 1952 with Chicago's George Williams Orchestra, although her first LP, Introducing <mask>, was issued by Epic Records only in 1956. The selections were standards by Hart, Rodgers, Gershwin, Webster and Ellington; the release was notable in

masks:
Rita Moss
Moss
Moss
Moss
Rita Moss


title: Rita Moss

texts: that one number was an original by <mask>. A brief review in Billboard notes her "remarkable" vocal range and "breezy whimsical style". In 1956, she headlined at the Living Room night club in New York, and in 1957, decided to head for the West Coast. From 1957 to 1966' <mask> appears to have focused on touring and night-club appearances. Sporadic singles cropped up on obscure labels and a four-song EP appeared on <mask>'s private Los Angeles-based label Rozell, including at least one self-penned song, "Bobby's Blues", copyrighted under the name of <mask>le.This period shows <mask> honing exotica type vocal gymnastics in the vein of Yma Sumac to whom she had earlier drawn comparisons. The Gothic single features an arranging credit to Jack Montrose, a key West Coast jazz figure. The turn of the 1960s saw <mask> playing LA area venues including Hollywood's Exotica Club and the Tahitian Village. In 1964 she did two consecutive extended stints at the Riverside Hotel's Showboat Lounge, playing simultaneous organ and piano with vocal. In 1966 she turned up at a popular San Diego club where her second album, of live material, <mask> Reigns at Islandia, was issued on the Islandia's house label and generated considerable local acclaim for her vocal range, Sumac-esque stylizing and scat vocals. Airplay and coverage by radio and TV stations such as KOGO, KFMX and KFMB (then home of Regis Philbin) attracted the attention of Dot Records who went on to issue three albums. Talk to Me Tiger!, the first

masks:
Moss
Moss
Moss
Rita Roszel
Moss
Moss
Rita Moss


title: Rita Moss

texts:
 Dot LP, consisted of several familiar live club repertoire numbers from the Islandia LP, plus ballad material; the next LP, Superb, was arranged and conducted by Marty Paich.In 1968, the third and last Dot LP produced a now obscure eponymous single, that would become arguably <mask>'s most enduring song: "Just a Dream Ago", although the LP also included a worthy cover of "Sleep Safe and Warm", the theme from the film Rosemary's Baby. A captivating night-club performer rather than a recording artist, "<mask>" to her performance fans, her impressive vocal talents and musical ambidexterity in a live setting failed to translate into record sales and broad appeal. In the 1970s <mask> recorded an LP of spiritual jazz issued on the private Retep label in San Diego. The compositions were mostly self-penned, with a lyrics co-credit to Dr. Russell Paul Schofield, founder-director of Actualism for Lightworkers, a spiritual training regime. <mask> continued to perform live in San Diego and Los Angeles into the 2000s. Personal life
Lorita Waynesboro was born to parents Wayne Bernice Waynesboro and Minnie Peters. Prior to her settlement in New York, school and marriage records place <mask> in Charleston, West Virginia and Lawrence, Ohio.She graduated with honors in 1936 from Garnet High School in Charleston, and played Mendelssohn's "War March of The Priests" on piano at the convocation. She had two sisters, Elnore and Frances, three and seven years younger respectively. In October 1935, she

masks:
Moss
Queen Moss
Moss
Moss
Moss


title: Rita Moss

texts:
 copyrighted a song called "You've Set My Heart On Fire" as Lorita Waynesboro, and in August 1937 she copyrighted another, called "Confusion" under the name of Lorita Waynesboro Davis. <mask> appears to have never publicly discussed her family life; records show her father serving jail time as of 1935 and in a court case with Minnie over a property dispute, and as of 1940 the entire family living in an extended household with Fred Waynesboro (to whom Minnie is now married), and Lorita, now 21, married to Melvin Davis. She married Herbert Richard <mask> on March 15, 1944 in Lawrence, Ohio, and retained the <mask> surname for the duration of her professional career. As of 1964, <mask> was married to Bob Roszelle who was also her manager. She died on July 16, 2015 at her residence in San Diego, California, at the age of 97.Discography
1950 - "Tradin' In the Old for a New" / "I'm in the Middle Again"; Futurama 3009 single
1951 - "I Never Was So Surprised" / "I'll Be Waiting for You"; Glenn Records 1001 78rpm. ; Dot DLP 25763 (S) 3763 (M) LP | digital re-release in 2011 on Cleopatra Records UPC: 885686557044
1968 - Superb; Dot DLP 25839 (S) 3838 (M) LP
1968 - "Just a Dream Ago" / "The Measure of a Man"; Dot 17120 45rpm single
1968 - Just a Dream Ago; Dot DLP 25889 (S) LP
1977 - Inner Experience Vol. 1; Retep CG-011 LP

References

1918 births
2015 deaths
American jazz singers
People from Long Island
Singers with a four-octave vocal range
Singers from New York (state)
People from Cabin Creek,

masks:
Moss
Moss
Moss
Rita Moss