title: Greg Burel

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>) is the former director (2010-2020) of the United States Strategic National Stockpile, which proved to be a critical component of the U.S. federal response to the 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic. His long-planned retirement in January 2020 came after 38 years in government service. Although Burel retired about a month before the major U.S. outbreak of the coronavirus, he said if he had any indication it would have happened, he would have stayed in the job. Education
<mask> attended Georgia State University in Atlanta, where he received a Bachelor of Business Administration. He finished the strategic leadership course at US Office of Personnel Management’s Federal Executive Institute’s “Leadership for a Democratic Society” Program, studying with other senior (GS-15 and above) public service executives. He has completed intensive studies in finance, incident command and process improvement as well as participating in Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government National Preparedness Leadership Initiative. Government service
Burel’s government employment commenced in 1982 when he began working in the US Internal Revenue Service.He moved on to positions with increasing responsibility in the General Services Administration, and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, where he was director of the Administration and Resource Planning division. He served FEMA through many disasters and emergencies as Logistics Chief and Regional Operations Center Director with responsibility for emergency logistics and planning throughout the southeastern United States. Additionally, he served as a member of the FEMA Logistics Advisory Group where he and his colleagues evaluated emergencies and disasters. In 2005, he was chosen as part of the Senior Executive Service and began working with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), beginning with the National Center for Health Informatics. In 2007 he became director of the Division of the Strategic National Stockpile. SNS director
<mask> served as the director of the SNS for 12 years before his retirement in January 2020. While director, he was the

masks:
Greg Burel
William Gregory Burel
Greg Burel
Greg Burel


title: Greg Burel

type: original

texts:
 happened is, there were immediate surge requirements where people tried to stock up on this product as we started to hear about coronavirus and cases started to appear in advance. So that was putting additional pressure on the limited supply that is being made in the United States.”

In a March 30, 2020 interview with CBS News, Burel said that the stockpile system is very stressed. The U.S. began tapping the SNS for supplies to respond to the coronavirus pandemic in early March 2020. He stated that even if the stockpile had unlimited funds, not everything that everyone needed would have been available. Post government
In February 2020, Burel joined the private sector when he became President and Principal Consultant at Hamilton Grace, a Washington DC government relations agency. Recognition and awards
Burel was among the winners of the 2015 Daniel H. Wagner Prize for Excellence in Operations Research Practice for his paper, Machine Learning for Predicting Vaccine Immunogenicity.In 2016, <mask> was the winner of the Partnership for Public Service’s “Management Excellence” award during his role as director of the Division of Strategic National Stockpile at the CDC. He received the Samuel J. Hayman Service to America Medal, the “Sammie,” in the management excellence category, specifically for his managing ten responses to major hurricanes, floods and influenza pandemics as well as 30 incidents treating people with infection diseases including botulism and Ebola. He was also cited for his work during the Zika virus epidemic where he coordinated the SNS’s efforts with the CDC Foundation and private industry. The award, known as the “Oscar” of government service, is “…awarded to a handful of federal employees each year for outstanding service to their country and humanity.”

See also

 Strategic National Stockpile

References

External links
 “Former head of Strategic National Stockpile on coronavirus shortages: Many links in supply chain were not prepared” (Fox News)

Georgia State University alumni
Trump administration personnel
Obama administration personnel
Living people
Year of birth missing


title: David Finlay (wrestler)

texts:
<mask> (born 16 May 1993) is a German-born American professional wrestler who performs under the ring name <mask> (デビッド・フィンレー　Debiddo Finrē). He is signed to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) and also performs for Impact Wrestling, where he is a former Impact World Tag Team Champion. Born in Germany to Irish parents, he is a fourth-generation professional wrestler; his father, <mask>, trained him before he received additional training from Satoshi Kojima and the NJPW Dojo. He frequently partners with Juice Robinson as the team FinJuice; they are one-time IWGP Tag Team Champions. <mask>, along with Ricochet and Satoshi Kojima, is a former NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Champion. Early life
<mask> was born on 16 May 1993 in Hanover, the son of Northern Irish parents <mask> and Melanie Duffin. He has stated that he wanted to be a wrestler since he was young, being inspired by watching his father wrestle.<mask> grew up in a wrestling family and is a fourth-generation professional wrestler; his grandfather <mask> "Dave<mask> Sr., as well as both of his great-grandfathers <mask> and John Liddell, were all professional wrestlers. His paternal aunt was a referee. Professional wrestling career

Early career (2012–2015)
On 22 December 2012, <mask> made his professional wrestling debut for German promotion European Wrestling Promotion (EWP). He defeated Big Daddy Walter by disqualification. Later that evening, he teamed up with his father for a tag team match against Robbie Brookside and Dan Collins, which they won; it was also his father's retirement match. In 2014, <mask> became the inaugural Power of Wrestling Junior Champion. He held the title for 314 days before vacating it on 20 August 2015, due to his

masks:
David Finlay III
David Finlay
Fit Finlay
Finlay
David Finlay III
Fit Finlay
Finlay
David
" Finlay
William Finlay
Finlay
Finlay


title: David Finlay (wrestler)

texts:
 signing with New Japan Pro-Wrestling.New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2015–present)
<mask> entered the 2015 Best of the Super Juniors tournament hosted by New Japan Pro-Wrestling, but failed to win, losing all his matches in the tournament and ending with a final tally of 0 points. After the tournament, <mask> was announced as a "young lion". He would carry this moniker until September 2016, <mask> announced he was no longer a young lion. At the Destruction in Kobe event on 25 September, he won the NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship with Ricochet and Satoshi Kojima by defeating Bullet Club (Nick Jackson, Matt Jackson and Adam Cole). They lost the titles at Wrestle Kingdom 11 on 4 January 2017 to Los Ingobernables de Japón (Evil, Bushi and Sanada). At Wrestling Dontaku in May, <mask> was defeated by Cody. In August, he formed a tag team with Juice Robinson, dubbed FinJuice.They teamed for the rest of the year before going their separate ways for the NJPW World Tag League in December, which saw Robinson teaming with Sami Callihan, while <mask> teamed with Katsuya Kitamura. <mask> and Kitamura failed to win the tournament, ending with 0 points. At Strong Style Evolved in March 2018, <mask> attacked Jay White, after White's successful defense of the IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship over Hangman Page. <mask> was granted a title shot, but at the main event of Road to Wrestling Dontaku, he was defeated by White. <mask> returned to teaming with Robinson and other Taguchi Japan members for the remainder of the year; he and Robinson participated in the 2018 World Tag League, where they finished with a record of eight wins and five losses, failing to advance to the finals. Their final block

masks: Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay


title: David Finlay (wrestler)

texts: match against Best Friends (Beretta and Chuckie T.) ended by disqualification, when Chuckie, who had recently been prone to violent outbursts, struck <mask> in the back with a chair. At New Years's Dash!!2019, another match between FinJuice and Best Friends ended in a disqualification, when Chuckie once again struck <mask> in the back with a chair. On day one of The New Beginning in USA, <mask> defeated Chuckie in a no disqualification match, ending their feud. <mask> was announced for the 2019 New Japan Cup, however on 23 February 2019, he suffered a shoulder injury removing him from the tournament. The injury happened during FinJuice's ROH World Tag Team Championship match again the champions The Briscoes at the Honor Rising NJPW/ROH event. It was later revealed to be a torn labrum and that he would be out of action for around six months. On 14 October at King of Pro-Wrestling, <mask> made his return to the company, by making the save on Robinson who was being attacked by Lance Archer, after their match for the vacant IWGP United States Heavyweight Championship. He then challenged Archer to a title shot a later date.This happened at Showdown in San Jose, but he was defeated by Archer. At Showdown in Los Angeles, <mask>, Robinson and Clark Connors were defeated by Suzuki-gun (Minoru Suzuki, Archer and El Desperado). <mask> would go on to enter the 2019 World Tag League with Robinson where they made it to the finals defeating Evil and Sanada of Los Ingobernables de Japón and earning a shot at the IWGP Tag Team Championship titles against Guerrillas of Destiny (G.O.D) during the first of Wrestle Kingdom 14 on 4 January 2020. They would go on to defeat G.O.D to win the championship at the event

masks: Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay Finlay


title: David Finlay (wrestler)

texts:
 on 4 January 2020. They lost the titles back to G.O.D at The New Beginning USA on February 1. Ring of Honor (2016–2019)
Prior to <mask>'s official debut for Ring of Honor in January 2019, his previous involvement with the American promotion was at the NJPW-ROH promoted Honor Rising: Japan shows, held in Korakuen Hall. His first appearance in this capacity was on 20 February 2016, where he was defeated by Jay White.In February 2017, <mask> tagged with Juice Robinson and Kushida, defeating Jado & Gedo and Silas Young, but the following night, he and Kushida lost to Young and Jado. In February 2018, <mask> was again involved in tag matches, tagging with Robinson in a defeat to The Young Bucks, and the following night, he, Robinson and Jay Lethal defeated Bullet Club (Chase Owens, Hikuleo and Yujiro Takahashi). <mask> made his debut for Ring of Honor during the January 2019 TV tapings, in a loss to Tracy Williams. Robinson later announced the formation of Lifeblood, with the goal of bringing honor back to ROH; the stable included <mask>, Williams, Bandido, Mark Haskins and Tenille Dashwood. Lifeblood defeated Jay Lethal's handpicked team of Jonathan Gresham, Flip Gordon, Dalton Castle and Jeff Cobb in the main event. <mask> and Robinson, representing Lifeblood, participated in the Tag Wars Tournament. In the first round, they beat Alex Coughlin and Karl Fredericks, and in the semi-finals, they won in a three-way dance over Lethal and Gresham and Coast 2 Coast (LSG and Shaheem Ali).In the final, they were defeated by Villain Enterprises (Brody King and PCO). Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (2018)
On October 5, 2018, <mask> participated in Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre's CMLL International Gran Prix,


title: David Finlay (wrestler)

texts:
 as part of the Resto del Mundo team, and as a representative of New Japan Pro-Wrestling. He lasted 29 minutes and 40 seconds, before being eliminated by Carístico. During October, he appeared in multiple tag team matches, all with the stipulation of two out of three falls. Impact Wrestling (2021-present)
On February 13, 2021, at No Surrender, a video package aired promoting <mask> along with his tag team partner Juice Robinson (collectively known as FinJuice) arriving to Impact Wrestling as part of a partnership between Impact and New Japan Pro-Wrestling. They feuded with The Good Brothers (Doc Gallows and Karl Anderson), defeating them at Sacrifice to win the Impact World Tag Team Championship. Personal life
<mask> resides in Atlanta, Georgia.He became engaged to his girlfriend Ana Scott on 9 May 2017, and they were married on 13 May 2018. Championships and accomplishments
Impact Wrestling
Impact World Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Juice Robinson
 New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 IWGP Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Juice Robinson
 NEVER Openweight 6-Man Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Ricochet and Satoshi Kojima
 World Tag League (2019) – with Juice Robinson
 Power of Wrestling
 POW Junior Championship (1 time)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 233 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2020

References

External links

Living people
1993 births
American people of Northern Ireland descent
American male professional wrestlers
German male professional wrestlers
German people of Northern Ireland descent
German emigrants to the United States
Expatriate professional wrestlers in Japan
Sportspeople from Hanover
Sportspeople from Atlanta
TNA/Impact World Tag Team

masks: Finlay Finlay


title: James Beard

texts:
<mask> (May 5, 1903 – January 23, 1985) was an American chef, cookbook author, teacher and television personality. He pioneered television cooking shows, taught at The James Beard Cooking School in New York City and Seaside, Oregon, and lectured widely. He emphasized American cooking, prepared with fresh, wholesome, American ingredients, to a country just becoming aware of its own culinary heritage. <mask> taught and mentored generations of professional chefs and food enthusiasts. He published more than twenty books, and his memory is honored by his foundation's annual James Beard Awards. Early life and education

Family
<mask> was born in Portland, Oregon, on May 5, 1903, to Elizabeth and <mask>. His British-born mother operated the Gladstone Hotel, and his father worked at the city's customs house.The family vacationed on the Pacific coast in Gearhart, Oregon, where <mask> was exposed to Pacific Northwest cuisine. Common ingredients of this cuisine are salmon, shellfish, and other fresh seafood; game meats such as moose, elk, or venison; mushrooms, berries, small fruits, potatoes, and wild plants such as fiddleheads or young pushki (Heracleum maximum, or cow parsnip). <mask>'s earliest memory of food was at the 1905 Lewis and Clark Exposition, when he was two years old. In his memoir he recalled:

I was taken to the exposition two or three times. The thing that remained in my mind above all others—I think it marked my life—was watching Triscuits and shredded wheat biscuits being made. Isn't that crazy? At two years old that memory was made.It intrigued the hell out of me. At age three <mask> was bedridden with malaria, and the illness gave him time to focus on the food prepared by his mother and Jue-Let, the family's Chinese cook. According to <mask> he was raised by Jue-Let and Thema, who instilled in him a passion for Chinese culture. <mask> reportedly "[attributed] much of his upbringing to Jue-Let," whom he referred to as

masks:
James Andrews Beard
Beard
James Andrews Beard
John Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard


title: James Beard

texts:
 his Chinese godfather. Education
<mask> briefly attended Reed College in Portland, Oregon. He was expelled for homosexuality in 1922, having had relationships with "one or more male students and a professor." However the college granted <mask> an honorary degree in 1976.After leaving Reed, he traveled from Portland to Liverpool aboard a British freighter, spending subsequent years living and traveling in Europe. In 1923, he joined a theatrical troupe and studied voice and theater. He also spent time in Paris, where he experienced French cuisine at its bistros and central market, Les Halles. In France, he also had the opportunity to enjoy sexual freedom, having a short relationship with a young man. From this period and the widespread influence of French food culture, he became a Francophile. In 1927 he returned to the US, spending time in Portland, Hollywood, and New York attempting to start a career in acting, costume and set design, and radio. Career
<mask> moved to New York City in 1937.Unlucky in the theater, he and friend Bill Rhodes capitalized on the cocktail party craze by opening Hors d'Oeuvre, Inc., a catering company. This led to lecturing, teaching, writing, and the realization "that part of his mission [as a food connoisseur] was to defend the pleasure of real cooking and fresh ingredients against the assault of the Jell-O-mold people and the domestic scientists." He published his first cookbook in 1940: Hors D'Oeuvre and Canapés, a compilation of his catering recipes. According to fellow cooking enthusiast Julia Child, this book put him on the culinary map. World War II rationing ended <mask>'s catering business. He enlisted in the Army and was trained as a cryptographic specialist. Because he had hoped to serve in the hotel management division of the Army Quartermaster Corps, he sought and obtained release from the Army in 1943 based on a regulation applying to men over age 38.From August 1946 to May 1947, he

masks: Beard Beard Beard Beard


title: James Beard

texts: hosted I Love to Eat, a live television cooking show on NBC, beginning his ascent as an American food authority. According to Child, "Through the years he gradually became not only the leading culinary figure in the country, but 'The Dean of American Cuisine'." In 1952, when Helen Evans Brown published her Helen Brown's West Coast Cook Book, <mask> wrote her a letter igniting a friendship that lasted until Brown's death. The two, along with her husband Phillip, developed a friendship which was both professional and personal. <mask> and Brown became like siblings, admonishing and encouraging each other, as well as collaborating. According to the James Beard Foundation website, "In 1955, he established The James Beard Cooking School. He continued to teach cooking to men and women for the next thirty years, both at his own schools (in New York City and Seaside, Oregon), and around the country at women's clubs, other cooking schools, and civic groups.He was a tireless traveler, bringing his message of good food, honestly prepared with fresh, wholesome, American ingredients, to a country just becoming aware of its own culinary heritage." <mask> brought French cooking to the American middle and upper classes during the 1950s, appearing on TV as a cooking personality. David Kamp (who discusses <mask> at length in his book, The United States of Arugula) noted that <mask>'s was the first cooking show on TV. He compares Dione Lucas' cooking show and school with <mask>'s, noting that their prominence during the 1950s marked the emergence of a sophisticated, New York-based, nationally  and internationally known food culture. Kamp wrote, "It was in this decade [the 1950s] that <mask> made his name as <mask>, the brand name, the face and belly of American gastronomy." He noted that <mask> met Alice B. Toklas on a trip to Paris, indicative of the network of fellow food celebrities who would follow him during his life and carry on his legacy

masks:
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
James Beard
Beard


title: James Beard

texts:
 after his death. <mask> made endorsement deals to promote products that he might not have otherwise used or suggested in his own cuisine, including Omaha Steaks, French's Mustard, Green Giant Corn Niblets, Old Crow bourbon, Planters Peanuts, Shasta soft drinks, DuPont chemicals, and Adolph's Meat Tenderizer.According to Kamp, <mask> later felt himself a "gastronomic whore" for doing so. Although he felt that mass-produced food that was neither fresh, local nor seasonal was a betrayal of his gastronomic beliefs, he needed the money for his cooking schools. According to Thomas McNamee, "<mask>, a man of stupendous appetites—for food, sex, money, you name it—stunned his subtler colleagues." In 1981, <mask> and friend Gael Greene founded Citymeals-on-Wheels, which continues to help feed the homebound elderly in New York City. Personal life
Julia Child summed up <mask>'s personal life:
<mask> was the quintessential American cook. Well-educated and well-traveled during his eighty-two years, he was familiar with many cuisines but he remained fundamentally American. He was a big man, over six feet tall, with a big belly, and huge hands.An endearing and always lively teacher, he loved people, loved his work, loved gossip, loved to eat, loved a good time. Mark Bittman described him in a manner similar to Child's description:In a time when serious cooking meant French Cooking, <mask> was quintessentially American, a Westerner whose mother ran a boardinghouse, a man who grew up with hotcakes and salmon and meatloaf in his blood. A man who was born a hundred years ago on the other side of the country, in a city, Portland, that at the time was every bit as cosmopolitan as, say, Allegheny, Pennsylvania. <mask> admitted, "until I was about forty-five, I guess I had a really violent temper." <mask> was gay. According to <mask>'s memoir, "By the time I was seven, I knew that I was gay. I think it's time to talk about that now."<mask> came out in

masks: Beard Beard Beard Beard Beard Beard Beard Beard Beard Beard Beard


title: James Beard

texts:
 1981, in Delights and Prejudices, a revised version of his memoir. Of <mask>'s "most significant romantic attachments" was his "lifetime companion" of thirty years, Gino Cofacci, who was given an apartment in <mask>'s townhouse in the will and died in 1989, and <mask>'s former cooking school assistant Carl Jerome. John Birdsall, a food writer who won two James Beard Awards, ties <mask>'s sexuality to his food aesthetics, and said in 2016 it's only recently that people are accepting the connection. <mask> died of heart failure on January 21, 1985, at his home in New York City at age 81. He was cremated and his ashes scattered over the beach in Gearhart, Oregon, where he spent summers as a child. In 1995, Love and Kisses and a Halo of Truffles: Letters from Helen Evans Brown was published. It contained excerpts from <mask>'s bi-weekly correspondence from 1952 to 1964 with friend and fellow chef Helen Evans Brown.The book gave insight to their relationship as well as the way that they developed ideas for recipes, projects and food. Foundation

After <mask>'s death in 1985, Julia Child wanted to preserve his home in New York City as the gathering place that it had been during his life. Peter Kump, a former student of <mask>'s and the founder of the Institute of Culinary Education (formerly Peter Kump's New York Cooking School), spearheaded efforts to purchase the house and create the James Beard Foundation. <mask>'s renovated brownstone at 167 West 12th Street in Greenwich Village, is North America's only historic culinary center. It is preserved as a gathering place where the press and general public could appreciate the talents of emerging and established chefs. In 1986, the James Beard Foundation was established in <mask>'s honor to provide scholarships to aspiring food professionals and champion the American culinary tradition which <mask> helped create. "Since its inception in 1991, the James Beard Foundation Scholarship

masks:
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
James Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard
Beard


title: James Beard

texts:
 Program has awarded over $4.6 million in financial aid to a variety of students—from recent high school graduates, to working culinary professionals, to career changers.Recipients come from many countries, and enhance their knowledge at schools around the world." The annual James Beard Foundation Awards celebrate fine cuisine around <mask>'s birthday. Held on the first Monday in May, the awards ceremony honors American chefs, restaurants, journalists, cookbook authors, restaurant designers and electronic-media professionals. It culminates in a reception featuring tastings of signature dishes of more than 30 of the foundation's chefs. A quarterly magazine, Beard House, is a compendium of culinary journalism. The foundation also publishes the James Beard Foundation Restaurant Directory, a directory of all chefs who have presented a meal at the Beard House or participated in one of the foundation's outside fundraising events. The foundation was affected by scandals; in 2004 its head, Leonard Pickell, resigned and was imprisoned for grand larceny and in 2005 the board of trustees resigned.During this period, chef and writer Anthony Bourdain called the foundation "a kind of benevolent shakedown operation." A new board of trustees has instituted an ethics policy and chosen a president, Susan Ungaro, to prevent future problems. Works
Hors d'Oeuvre and Canapés (1940) M. Barrows & Co., revised in 1963 and 1985
Cook It Outdoors (1941) M. Barrows & Co.
Fowl and Game Cookery (1944) M. Barrows & Co. The Fireside Cook Book: A Complete Guide to Fine Cooking for Beginner and Expert (1949) Simon & Schuster, reissued in 1982 as The Fireside Cookbook
Paris Cuisine (1952) Little, Brown and Company Beard co-wrote Paris Cuisine with British journalist Alexander Watt. The Complete Book of Barbecue & Rotisserie Cooking (1954) Maco Magazine Corp., reissued in 1958 as New Barbecue Cookbook and again in 1966 as <mask>'s Barbecue Cookbook
Complete Cookbook

masks:
Beard
Jim Beard


title: James Beard

texts:
 for Entertaining (1954) Maco Magazine org*How to Eat Better for Less Money (1954) Simon & Schuster
<mask>'s Fish Cookery (1954) Little, Brown, reissued in 1976 and 1987 in paperback as <mask>'s New Fish Cookery
Casserole Cookbook (1955) Maco Magazine Corp. Notes

See also
 Culinary history of New York City
 LGBT culture in New York City
 List of LGBT people from New York City
 List of LGBT people from Portland, Oregon

References
 <mask>, <mask> (1990) A James Beard Memoir: The James Beard Celebration Cookbook. Ed.Barbara Kafka. New York: W. Morrow
 <mask>, <mask>; José Wilson (2007) Beard on Food: The Best Recipes and Kitchen Wisdom from the Dean of American Cooking. New York: Bloomsbury
 <mask>, <mask> (1949) The Fireside Cook Book: A Complete Guide to Fine Cooking for Beginner and Expert. New York: Simon & Schuster
 <mask>, <mask> (1974) The Best of Beard: Great Recipes From a Great Cook. New York: Warner Books

 Clark, Robert (1993) <mask>: A Biography. New York: HarperCollins
 Kamp, David (2006) The United States of Arugula: The Sun Dried, Cold-pressed, Dark-Roasted, Extra Virgin Story of the American Food Revolution. New York: Broadway Books
 Loughery, John (1998) The Other Side of Silence—Men's Lives and Gay Identities: A Twentieth-Century History.New York, Henry Holt and Company . External links
 The Fales Library Guide to the James Beard Papers
 James Beard Foundation
 James Beard Foundation Awards
 <mask> — Food Expert/Writer from Oregon Encyclopedia
 James <mask> Audio Recordings
 <mask> Quotes

1903 births
1985 deaths
American cookbook writers
American food writers
American television chefs
Chefs from New York City
American male chefs
American gay writers
LGBT people from Oregon
Reed College alumni
Writers from Portland, Oregon
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Washington High School (Portland, Oregon) alumni
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Chefs from

masks:
James Beard
James Beard
Beard
James
Beard
James
Beard
James
Beard
James
James Beard
James Beard
Beard
James Beard


title: Bill Cadman

texts:
<mask> (born October 4, 1960) is an American politician who is a former Colorado state legislator. First elected to the Colorado House of Representatives in 2000, <mask> was appointed to fill a vacancy in the Colorado Senate in 2007. Later, he represented Senate District 12, which covers rural Colorado Springs, Fort Carson, Security-Widefield, Cimarron Hills, and Cheyenne Mountain. He was on the Board of Directors of the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a national association of legislators. In 2015, he was elected as President of the Colorado Senate when the GOP won control of the chamber for the 1st time in ten years. He left those offices on January 11, 2017. He was previously Republican Leader while in the minority.Biography
Born in Hollywood, Maryland, Cadman earned a bachelor's degree from California State University in 1989 before settling in Colorado. Cadman worked as the office manager for U.S. Representative Joel Hefley from 1994 to 2000. From 1996-98, he was a board member of the Colorado Republican Party. Cadman is married; he and his wife, Lisa, have two children and live in Colorado Springs. Colorado House of Representatives
In 2000, he was elected to the Colorado House of Representatives, representing House District 15, which covered eastern Colorado Springs, Colorado. Cadman rose to become House Majority Whip during the 2003–2004 session. <mask> won re-election to four terms in the House, defeating a series of Democratic opponents (Steven Bell in 2000, Charley Johnson in 2002, <mask> in 2004, and Allison Hunter in 2006), each time claiming more than 65% of the vote.During his time in the majority, Cadman sponsored legislation on the subjects of immigration, eviction practices, and domestic violence laws. After Democrats took control of the legislature in 2004, <mask> served as Minority Caucus Chair. During the 2007 legislative session, he sat on the House State, Veterans, and Military Affairs Committee, and on the legislature's Joint Computer Management Committee. Colorado State Senate

2007 appointment and 2008 election
Term-limited in

masks:
Bill Lee Cadman
Cadman
Cadman
Bill Martin
Cadman


title: Bill Cadman

texts:
 the State House, <mask> filed to run for the Colorado Senate in the 2008 legislative elections, seeking the seat held by Senator Ron May who was himself term-limited. Upon May's resignation in October 2007, <mask> sought and unanimously won a vacancy appointment to May's seat in the Colorado Senate. He resigned from the State House on December 10, 2007, and was sworn into the Senate on December 11. He faced opposition in the 2008 election from Democrat Diane Whitley, but ultimately won election to the Senate with 65% of the vote.2009 legislative session

During the 2009 legislative session, <mask> was the prime sponsor of a Senate Joint Memorial focusing on protecting the rights of workers to cast secret ballots in workplace elections. SJM 09-007 fought to counter-act the "Employee Free Choice Act" that would force employees to cast secret ballots for union elections in the presence of a union organizer. The bill would have urged Congress to stop the EFCA from passing. The bill, while supported by the entire Senate Republican Caucus, failed to reach the Colorado House of Representatives as it was postponed indefinitely in the Senate State, Veterans, and Military Affairs Committee. 2010 legislative session

In 2010, Cadman sponsored HB10-1287 with Representative Lambert that would have disallowed state employees from using state-owned vehicles for commuting purposes. The bill, which would have freed up $3 million for the state budget, passed through both chambers before reaching the Governor's desk. Governor <mask>, a Democrat, vetoed the bill, claiming it "sweeps too broadly" and would diminish public safety in the process.2011 legislative session

Senator <mask> sponsored several legislative measures throughout the course of the 2011 legislative session, one of the biggest measures being HB 11-1284. This bill would have impacted how beer is sold throughout Colorado, allowing grocery stores and convenience stores to sell full-strength beer. The bill was first introduced the House and assigned to the Committee on Economic and Business Development where it was passed

masks:
Cadman
Cadman
Cadman
Bill Ritter
Cadman


title: Bill Cadman

texts:
 to the House floor; however, the bill was postponed indefinitely during second reading. In 2011 after Senator Kopp’s resignation, Senator <mask> was elected to serve as the Minority Leader by the Colorado Senate Republican Caucus. 2012 legislative session
During the 2012 session, one of the several bills Cadman sponsored was a bill urging state agencies to seek Colorado-specific solutions "in lieu of federal regulations whenever possible". HB 12-1175 would have focused on finding solutions to local problems on a local level, instead of applying a "one-size fits all" idea from federal solutions, giving state’s more control. The legislation passed through the House before being assigned to the Senate Health and Human Services committee, where it was postponed indefinitely by a party-line 3–5 vote.In 2012, <mask> was re-elected as Minority Leader for the Senate Republican Caucus by his peers. He served on the Legislative Council and the Executive Committee of Legislative Council due to his leadership role. 2012 election
After the redistricting of Colorado’s legislative seats in 2011, Senator <mask> was redrawn into Senate District 12. Therefore, in order for Senator <mask> to be able to run again, Senator Keith King, the current Senator of that district, stepped down and chose not to run for re-election. During the general election, <mask> faced no Democratic opponent; his opponents were Dave Respecki from the Libertarian Party, and James Bristol from the American Constitution Party. Cadman won 68.2% of the vote. 2013 legislative session
Senator <mask> was re-elected as Minority Leader by the Republican Caucus and will continue to serve on the Legislative Council and Executive Committee of Legislative Council as well.References

External links
 Colorado General Assembly Website
 Colorado Senate News

1960 births
Living people
California State University, Fullerton alumni
Colorado Republicans
Colorado state senators
Members of the Colorado House of Representatives
People from Hollywood, Maryland
Politicians from Colorado Springs, Colorado
21st-century American

masks: Cadman Cadman Cadman Cadman Cadman Cadman


title: Chariton

texts:
 a date as late as the 6th century AD was proposed on stylistic grounds, while A. D. Papanikolaou argued in 1979 for the second half of the 1st century BC. One study of Chariton's vocabulary favours a date in the late 1st century or early 2nd century AD. Edmund Cueva has argued that Chariton also depended on Plutarch's vita of Theseus for thematic material, or perhaps directly on one of Plutarch's sources, an obscure mythographer, Paion of Amathus. If the source is Plutarch, then a date after the first quarter of the 2nd century is indicated. There is a dismissive reference, however, to a work called Callirhoe in the Satires of Persius, who died in AD 62; if this is Chariton's novel, then a relatively early date would be indicated. Regardless, Chariton probably wrote before the other Greek novelists whose works survive, making either his work or Petronius' Satyricon the earliest extant European novel.Callirhoe
<mask>'s novel exists in only one (somewhat unreliable) manuscript, from the 13th century. It was not published until the 18th century, and remained dismissed until the twentieth. It nevertheless gives insight into the development of ancient prose fiction. Plot outline
The story is set against a historical background of ca 400 BC. In Syracuse, Chaereas falls madly in love with the supernaturally beautiful Callirhoe. She is the daughter of Hermocrates, a hero of the Peloponnesian War and the most important political figure of Syracuse, thus setting the narrative in time and social milieu. Her beauty (kallos) overawes crowds, like an earthly counterpart of Aphrodite's, as noted by Douglas Edwards.They are married, but when her many disappointed suitors


title: Emilio Navaira

texts:
<mask><mask> (August 23, 1962 – May 16, 2016) was an American singer-songwriter of Tejano and country music. He is the winner of one Grammy Award and one Latin Grammy Award. Known to most by the mononym <mask>, he charted more than ten singles on the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks charts, in addition to six singles on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. <mask> was also one of the few Tejano artists to have significant success in both the United States and Mexico, and was called the "Garth Brooks of Tejano". His biggest country hit was the No. 27 "It's Not the End of the World" in late 1995, and his highest-charting single on any chart is "Por Siempre Unidos," which peaked at No. 7 on Latin Pop Airplay in 1996.Along with Selena, <mask> was one of the most prominent artists that helped popularize Tejano music. Early life
<mask><mask> III was born on August 23, 1962, in San Antonio, Texas, to Mexican-American parents, <mask>, Jr. and Maria Hernandez. Growing up on the south side of San Antonio, Navaira found each influence in not only Tejano legends such as Little Joe y la Familia, but also Lone Star country music heroes such as Willie Nelson, Bob Wills, and George Strait. As a student, <mask> graduated from McCollum High School in 1980, received a music scholarship to Texas State University, and majored in music with plans to become a teacher before ultimately deciding to pursue a career as an artist. Musical career
In 1983 at age 21, <mask> began his performing career by singing lead vocals for David Lee Garza y Los Musicales. In 1987, Cuantas Veces by David Lee Garza Y Los Musicales beat out Alpha by Mexican

masks:
Emilio H
. Navaira III
Emilio
Emilio
Emilio
Emilio H
. Navaira
Emilio Navaira
Navaira
Emilio


title: Emilio Navaira

texts: American singer Selena for Album of the Year at the Tejano Music Awards. In 1989, <mask> formed his own band, Emilio y Grupo Rio.That same year <mask> signed with Columbia Records (then known as CBS Records). This relationship resulted in <mask> recording more than fifteen studio albums to date, including several with his Rio Band. By the mid 1990s, <mask> began crediting himself solely as <mask>, eventually switching his focus to country music. Between 1989 and 1996, <mask> had released seven Spanish albums with cumulative sales of about 2 million. This success lead to mainstream commercial exposure, with companies such as Coca-Cola and Wrangler Jeans using his songs in their advertisements in the 1990s. <mask> had also gained a sponsorship with Miller Lite beer, who had persuaded him to use their slogan at the time, "Life is good," as the title of his first country album. <mask> signed with Capitol Records and released his first country music single called "It's Not the End of the World" which reached the Top 30 on the country charts in 1995.His album was a surprise success as well reaching No. 13 on the country charts and also a high placing on the Top 200. Several more singles including a Spanish version of "It's Not the End of the World" followed but none of these singles came close to the Top 40 except "Even If I Tried" which reached No. 41 in 1996. In 1997, he released a second country album, "It's on the House" but it was not as successful as his first country album. Two more minor country singles followed and gradually <mask> faded from country music and increasingly came back to Tejano music. His 2002 album

masks: Navaira Emilio Emilio Emilio Emilio Emilio Emilio Emilio Emilio


title: Emilio Navaira

texts:
 Acuérdate won the Grammy Award for Best Tejano Album and his 2007 album De Nuevo won the Latin Grammy Award for Best Tejano Album.Personal life
<mask> has five children. His three children from his first marriage to <mask> also perform for Grupo Rio. <mask> IV plays drums, and <mask> plays guitar and daughter Emely. <mask> and Diego also had a band named Ready Revolution; in 2014 they formed The Last Bandoleros, a Tex-Mex-foursome that toured with Sting in 2017. Diego is mainly known for vocals and credited with being on The Voice, which he did not win. He also has two children from his second marriage to Maru <mask>,

Navaira has two siblings: Raul "Raulito" <mask>, who performs back-up vocals for Grupo Rio; and Yvette <mask>. Navaira was a Republican.Driving accidents
<mask> was hospitalized in critical condition after his tour bus crashed early in the morning on March 23, 2008, in Bellaire (a small municipality partially surrounded by Houston, Texas). Navaira had performed the previous night at Hallabaloos, a Houston nightclub and he was at the wheel of the tour bus as it traveled north along west 610 Loop near the Southwest Freeway when it crashed into a set of freeway barrels shortly before 4 am. <mask> was taken by Life Flight to Memorial Hermann Hospital where a blood clot in his head was removed; <mask>'s initial treatment included being kept in a medically induced coma and induced hypothermia to minimize brain swelling. Doctors cautioned that he might not survive. On September 24, 2008, <mask> was involved in another car accident in San Antonio as a passenger while his wife was driving. According to a witness, the

masks:
Navaira
Cynthia Navaira
Emilio Navaira
Diego Navaira
Emilio IV
Navaira
Navaira
Navaira
Navaira
Emilio
Emilio
Emilio


title: Emilio Navaira

texts:
 Navairas were stopped in a turn lane when a truck crossed at least two lanes of traffic and struck their vehicle. Both <mask> and his wife Maria were released from the hospital the following day.<mask>'s agent, Joe Casias, stated that <mask> and his wife were headed home from a rehabilitation therapy appointment stemming from the March tour bus accident. Death
<mask> was found dead by his wife in his New Braunfels home on May 16, 2016, at 53 <mask> performed his last known concert in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, on May 11, 2016, as part of a concert celebrating Mother's Day in that city. Reports indicated he suffered a massive heart attack. Authorities said their investigation into the death of <mask> showed that he died of natural causes because of cardiovascular disease, and found no sign of foul play. Discography

Studio albums

ASouthern Exposure also peaked at No. 39 on US Heatseekers. Singles

ACredited to <mask>.B"No Es El Fin del Mundo" is a Spanish-language version of "It's Not the End of the World". C"Por Siempre Unidos" also peaked at No. 7 on Latin Pop Airplay. Guest singles

Music videos

References

1962 births
2016 deaths
American country singer-songwriters
Grammy Award winners
Latin Grammy Award winners
American musicians of Mexican descent
Hispanic and Latino American musicians
Musicians from San Antonio
Musicians from New Braunfels, Texas
Spanish-language singers of the United States
Capitol Records artists
People from New Braunfels, Texas
People from San Antonio
Tejano musicians
Latin music songwriters
Singer-songwriters from Texas
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
Country

masks:
Emilio
Emilio
Emilio
Emilio
Emilio
Navaira
Emilio Navaira


title: Sam Nujoma

texts: <mask>, (; born 12 May 1929) is a Namibian revolutionary, anti-apartheid activist and politician who served three terms as the first President of Namibia, from 1990 to 2005. <mask> was a founding member and the first president of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) in 1960. Prior to 1960, SWAPO was known as the Ovambo People's Organisation (OPO). He played an important role as leader of the national liberation movement in campaigning for Namibia's political independence from South African rule. He established the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) in 1962 and launched a guerrilla war against the apartheid government of South Africa in August 1966 at Omungulugwombashe, beginning after the United Nations withdrew the mandate for South Africa to govern the territory. <mask> led SWAPO during the lengthy Namibian War of Independence, which lasted from 1966 to 1989. During World War I, South Africa defeated the German colonial forces in South West Africa and established martial law in the colony after making a peace treaty in July 1915.After the war, the League of Nations officially assigned the former German colony to the United Kingdom as a mandate under the administration of South Africa. When the National Party won the 1948 election in South Africa, it passed laws establishing racial segregation known as apartheid. It applied these laws to South West Africa as well, which it governed as the de facto fifth province of South Africa. Apartheid created strict racial classifications and reduced the rights of natives, in particular. <mask> became involved in anti-colonial politics during the 1950s. In 1959, he cofounded and served as the first president of the

masks:
Samuel Shafiishuna Daniel Numa
Nujoma
Nujoma
Nujoma


title: Sam Nujoma

texts:
 Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO), a nationalist organization advocating an independent Namibia. In December 1958 he was an organizer of the Old Location resistance and was arrested and deported to Ovamboland.In 1960 he escaped and went into exile in Tanzania where he was welcomed by Julius Nyerere. Namibia finally achieved independence from South Africa in 1990, holding its first democratic elections. SWAPO won a majority and <mask> was elected as the country's first President on 21 March 1990. He was re-elected for two more terms in 1994 and 1999. <mask> retired as SWAPO party president on 30 November 2007. He published his autobiography Where Others Wavered in 2005. He has received multiple honors and awards for his leadership, including the Lenin Peace Prize, Indira Gandhi Peace Prize, and the Ho Chi Minh Peace Prize.The Parliament of Namibia honored him with the titles "Founding President of the Republic of Namibia" and "Father of the Namibian Nation". In 2007 SWAPO named him as "Leader of the Namibian Revolution." Early life
<mask>una <mask> was born at Etunda, a village in Ongandjera, near the town of Okahao, Ovamboland, Southwest Africa on 12 May 1929. <mask> was born to Helvi Mpingana Kondombolo (1898–2008) and Daniel Uutoni Nujoma (1893–1968). His mother Helvi was an Uukwambi princess by virtue of descent, and this fact would later reinforce Nujoma's charismatic influence during his political career. He is the eldest of his parents' eleven children. Nujoma spent much of his early childhood looking after his siblings and tending to the family's cattle and traditional farming activities.His educational opportunities were limited. He started attending a Finnish

masks:
Nujoma
Nujoma
Samuel Shafiish
Daniel Nujoma
Nujoma


title: Sam Nujoma

texts:
 missionary school at Okahao when he was ten and completed Standard Six, which was as high as possible for blacks during the time. In 1946, at age 17, he moved to Walvis Bay to live with his aunt, where he began his first employment at a general store for a monthly salary of 10 Shillings. He would later also work at a whaling station. While there he was exposed to world politics by meeting soldiers from Argentina, Norway and other parts of Europe who had come during World War II. In 1949, <mask> moved to Windhoek, where he started work as a cleaner for the South African Railways (SAR), while attending adult night school at St Barnabas Anglican Church School in the Windhoek Old Location, mainly with the aim of improving his English. He further studied for his Junior Certificate through correspondence at the Trans‐Africa Correspondence College in South Africa.Political career

<mask> became involved in politics in the early 1950s through trade unions. <mask>'s political outlook was shaped by his work experiences, his awareness of the contract labour system, and his increasing knowledge of the independence campaigns across Africa. In 1957, at age 29, <mask> resigned from SAR so he could devote more time to politics. In 1957, a group of Namibians working in Cape Town led by Andimba Toivo ya Toivo formed the Ovamboland People's Congress (OPC). OPC was opposed to South African policies in South West Africa including the inhumane contract labour system under which people were forced to work for meagre wages. In 1958, ya Toivo sent a petition to the United Nations (UN) to force the apartheid regime to relinquish South West Africa to the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations.

masks: Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma


title: Sam Nujoma

texts: Consequently, he was expelled from Cape Town to Windhoek and then to Ovamboland where he was restricted.On 19 April 1959, <mask> and OPC cofounder Jacob Kuhangua adapted a copy of the OPC constitution and formed the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO) in Windhoek. At its first congress <mask> was elected president. During the next year he travelled Namibia in secret mobilizing and setting up branch structures of OPO. In September 1959, the South West African National Union (SWANU) was formed as an umbrella body for anti-colonial resistance groups. <mask> joined its executive committee representing OPO. After the Old Location Massacre on 10 December 1959, <mask> was arrested and charged for organising the resistance and faced threats of deportation to the north of the country. By the directive of OPO leadership and in collaboration with Chief Hosea Kutako, it was decided that <mask> join the other Namibians in exile who were lobbying the United Nations on behalf of the anti-colonial cause for Namibia.In 1960, <mask> petitioned the UN through letters and eventually went into exile in February of that year. He left Namibia on 29 February, crossing into Bechuanaland and from there travelling to Bulawayo in Southern Rhodesia by train. He flew from Bulawayo to Salisbury and on to Ndola in Northern Rhodesia. With the assistance of a member of the Northern Rhodesian United National Independence Party (UNIP) he crossed into the Katanga Province of Belgian Congo. There <mask> met Moise Tshombe from the Conakat Party of Congolese. Crossing back over the border to Ndola he boarded a flight to Mbeya. In Mbeya, he was treated for malaria and escaped from the hospital after being threatened

masks: Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma


title: Sam Nujoma

texts: with arrest by the colonial authorities.From Mbeya, <mask> travelled with the assistance of officials of the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) via Njombe, Iringa and Dodoma to Dar-Es-Salaam. With the assistance of Julius Nyerere, then president of TANU, he received a passport. While in Tanganyika, he received permission to address the UN Committee on South West Africa in New York. In April 1960, <mask> travelled from Tanganyika to Khartoum, Sudan, and from there to Accra, Ghana, where he attended the All African People's Conference organised by Kwame Nkrumah against the French atom bomb test in the Sahara Desert. Nujoma met with other African nationalist leaders such as Patrice Lumumba, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Joseph Kasa-Vubu and Frantz Fanon at the conference. His early encounters with other African nationalist leaders left a lasting impression and informed his Pan-African outlook. Kwame Nkrumah assisted Nujoma to travel to United States and later to Liberia, where a case on South West Africa was being presented to the International Court of Justice.After breaking away from SWANU, OPO reconstituted itself as the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) in New York on 19 April 1960, <mask> was elected president in absentia. He arrived in New York in June 1960 where he petitioned before the Sub Committee of the Fourth Committee of the General Assembly of the United Nations. <mask> demanded that South West Africa be given its independence by 1963 at the latest. He then returned to Tanganyika in 1961, from where he and a small group of activists would develop SWAPO into an international force. He received support from other African nationalists and received strong backing


title: Sam Nujoma

texts: from Julius Nyerere. <mask> established SWAPO's Provisional headquarters in Dar es Salaam and arranged scholarships and military training for Namibians who had started to join him there. Among the first arrivals were Mzee Kaukungwa, Mosé Tjitendero and Hifikepunye Pohamba.In 1962, SWAPO founded its armed wing, the South West African Liberation Army (SWALA), later renamed the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN). <mask> himself procured the first weapons from Algeria via Egypt, Sudan, Tanzania and Zambia, from where they were taken to Omugulugwombashe in Ovamboland. On 21 March 1966, in a bid to test South Africa's claims at the International Court of Justice at the Hague that Namibians in exile were free to return and its assertion that they were in self-imposed exile, <mask>, accompanied by Hifikepunye Pohamba, chartered a plane to Windhoek. On arrival at the airport, they were arrested and deported to Zambia the next day. On 26 August 1966 the first armed clash between SWALA and the South African security forces took place when paratroopers and police attacked SWALA combatants who had set up a camp at Omugulugwombashe. The attack would mark the beginning of the Namibian War of Independence which would last more than 25 years. In 1969, <mask> was re-affirmed as SWAPO President at the Tanga Consultative Conference in Tanzania.In the late 1960s <mask> continued his diplomatic rounds as SWAPO set up offices across Africa, Europe and the Americas. He represented SWAPO at the founding of the Non-Aligned Movement on 1 September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia as well as at the founding of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia on 25 May 1963. In 1965, the OAU

masks: Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma


title: Sam Nujoma

texts: recognised SWAPO as the only lawful representative of the Namibian people. In 1974, the Portuguese Empire collapsed and Namibia's border with Angola opened up. <mask> recognised that this paved the way for major changes in the way the war was being fought and over the next two years SWAPO's military campaign shifted its base from Zambia to Angola. The opening of the border enabled thousands of SWAPO supporters to stream out of Namibia to join the movement in exile. <mask>'s son Utoni <mask> and his two brothers were among those who arrived in Zambia.At the 1977 World Conference Against Apartheid in Lisbon Nujoma underlined the necessity to destroy the colonial system and institutions of South-African racist regime in Namibia in order to build those which will serve the interest of people irrespective of race, religion or origin. He also warned of the danger of installation of neocolonialist marionettes who would superficially change the visible colonial regime while the position of the majority of people would stay the same. In the late 1970s <mask> led the SWAPO negotiations team between the Western Contact Group (WCG), which consisted of West Germany, Britain, France, the US and Canada, and South Africa on the one hand, and the Frontline States and Nigeria on the other, about proposals that would eventually become United Nations Security Council Resolution 435, passed in September 1978. While agreement on Resolution 435, which embodied the plan for free and fair elections in Namibia, was undoubtedly a diplomatic coup, its implementation became bogged down for another ten years. South African delaying tactics and the decision by American president Ronald Reagan's administration to


title: Sam Nujoma

texts:
 link a Cuban withdrawal from Angola to Namibian independence frustrated hopes of an immediate settlement. On 19 March 1989, the signing of the cease-fire agreement with South Africa took place, which resulted in the implementation of the UN Security Council Resolution 435. After 29 years in exile, <mask> returned to Namibia in September 1989 to lead SWAPO to victory in the UN-supervised elections that paved the way for independence.<mask> returned a day before the UN deadline for the Namibia people to register to vote for an election that would draft a constitution when it received its Independence from South Africa. The Constituent Assembly, elected in November 1989, chose him as Namibia's first president. <mask> was sworn in on 21 March 1990, in the presence of Javier Perez de Cuellar, Secretary General of the UN, Frederik de Klerk, president of South Africa, and Nelson Mandela, just released from prison. President of SWAPO

In 1959 <mask> co-founded the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO) and became its first president. The next year in 1960 he became the first president of the South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO). At the time South Africa administered the land under a policy of apartheid, in which the best resources were reserved for those classified white, while other Namibians were treated as inferior. After years of asking the United Nations to ensure the occupying power South Africa released control of South West Africa, he authorised armed resistance in 1966.This began the Namibian War of Independence, which lasted 24 years. During the struggle, <mask> took the combat name "Shafiishuna", meaning "lightning", as the name was in his family on his father's side.


title: Sam Nujoma

texts:
 During the liberation struggle <mask> was also the commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and the chairman of the Swapo Military Council, which was the biggest decision making body of PLAN. After serving 47 years as leader of SWAPO, he was succeeded by Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2007. There was speculation that he would be re-elected as SWAPO leader in 2007 and that he was planning to run for president again in 2009. In early October 2007, however, <mask> said that he had no intention of seeking re-election as SWAPO President and would stand aside in favour of Pohamba. Pohamba was accordingly elected unopposed as SWAPO president on 29 November 2007 at a party congress.<mask> said that he was "passing the torch and mantle of leadership to comrade Pohamba". The congress also decided to give <mask> the title of Leader of the Namibian Revolution, in addition to his existing title, Founding Father of the Namibian Nation. Choosing to leave active politics, <mask> was not re-elected to the SWAPO Central Committee nor the Politburo, but the congress granted him permission to attend meetings of the Central Committee and Politburo "at his discretion". He may also receive the title of National Chairman of SWAPO. President of Namibia

As head of SWAPO, <mask> was unanimously declared president upon the victory of SWAPO in a United Nations-supervised election in 1989, and was sworn in by UN Secretary-General Javier Pérez de Cuéllar on 21 March 1990. At independence, Namibia was gravely divided as a result of a century of colonialism, dispossession, and racial discrimination, compounded by armed struggle and propaganda. For instance, SWAPO had been so demonised by the

masks: Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma Nujoma


title: Sam Nujoma

texts: colonial media and by official pronouncements that most white people, as well as many members of other groups, regarded the movement with the deepest fear, loathing, and suspicion.One of <mask>'s earliest achievements was to proclaim the policy of "national reconciliation", which aimed to improve and harmonise relations amongst Namibia's various racial and ethnic groups. Under his presidency, Namibia made steady if unspectacular economic progress, maintained a democratic system with respect for human rights, observed the rule of law, and worked steadily to eradicate the heritage of apartheid in the interests of developing a non-racial society. <mask> successfully united all Namibians into a peaceful, tolerant and democratic society governed by the rule of law. In 1992 Norway decided to stop drought relief to Namibia in response to the purchase of an expensive new presidential jet and two new VIP helicopters. The planes were bought a few weeks after <mask> had appealed to the international community for drought aid. In 1990 <mask> initiated a plan for land reform, in which land would be redistributed from whites to blacks. Some 12% of the total commercial farmland in the country was taken away from white farmers and given to black citizens by 2007.However, according to a 1998 statement made by the Cabinet of Namibia "the agricultural base is too weak to offer a sustainable basis for prosperity" and 38% of Namibia's rural population continue to live beneath the poverty line as of 2010. <mask> was re-elected as President of Namibia in December 1994 with 76.3% of the vote. The constitution of Namibia was changed to allow <mask> to run for a third five-year term in 1999; this was


title: Sam Nujoma

texts:
 justified on the grounds that he had not been directly elected for his first term, and the change applied only to <mask>. He won the 1999 election with 76.8% of the vote. The constitution did not allow <mask> to run in November 2004 for a fourth term, and there was not much enthusiasm even within SWAPO to change it again. Hifikepunye Pohamba, described as Nujoma's "hand-picked successor", was elected as the candidate for the presidential election during the SWAPO congress held on 30 May 2004, defeating two other candidates, Nahas Angula and Hidipo Hamutenya. The latter had been dismissed from his post of Foreign Affairs minister by Nujoma barely two days before the congress.Pohamba was elected with a large majority and was sworn in as second President of Namibia on 21 March 2005. In 1998 <mask> came to the defence of the Democratic Republic of Congo President Laurent Kabila when his rule came under threat from rebels backed by Rwanda and Uganda during the Second Congo War. Namibia became involved in the war on behalf of its commitment to the Southern African Development Community (SADC). Namibian, Angolan and Zimbabwean troops helped Kabila fend off the attacks – a move which <mask> saw as defending the DRC's sovereignty against outside interference. <mask> was the international patron and a strong supporter of the Cheetah Conservation Fund, based in Namibia. In 2001, <mask> announced purges against gays and lesbians in Namibia, saying "the police must arrest, imprison and deport homosexuals and lesbians found in Namibia." Post-presidency

Despite stepping down from a formal role, Nujoma is still active in the political sphere, regularly campaigning for SWAPO at various rallies and


title: Sam Nujoma

texts:
 functions across the country.In 2009, <mask> attained a master's degree in geology from the University of Namibia. The director of the National Society for Human Rights (NSHR) in Namibia stated that <mask> had connections to the CIA. The organisation has asked the International Criminal Court to investigate Nujoma and what they say is his role in disappearances during his term. To date, these claims have not been substantiated. Marriage and personal life
Nujoma married Kovambo Mushimba on 6 May 1951. The couple had three sons and two daughters; Utoni Nujoma (1952), John Nujoma (1954), Sakaria "Zacky" Nujoma (1957), Nelago Nujoma (1959), who died at 18 months while Nujoma was in exile and Usuta Nujoma (1964). Two decades elapsed before his wife joined him abroad.Nujoma's first-born son, Utoni, is a high ranking politician and member of SWAPO who is both a member of Cabinet and National Assembly of Namibia. His youngest son, Zacky, is a geologist by profession who has interest in business and mining. <mask>'s father, Daniel Uutoni <mask>, whose sole "crime" was being <mask>'s father, was arrested at Okahao and sent to Pretoria prison in 1966. There he developed tuberculosis from which he later died in 1968. Nujoma's mother, Kuku Helvi Mpingana Kondombolo, lived to an exceptionally old age, dying in November 2008; she was reportedly more than 100 years old. Sakaria "Zacky" <mask>, youngest son of Nujoma, has been named in association with the Panama Papers. Honours and recognition

Honorary doctorates

See also
 History of Namibia
 Andimba Toivo ya Toivo, co-founder of both OPO and SWAPO
 Aaron Mushimba, brother-in-law and prominent businessperson

References

In book and film
 <mask>,

masks:
Nujoma
Nujoma
Nujoma
Nujoma
Nujoma
Nujoma
Sam Numa


title: Sam Nujoma

texts:
 Where Others Wavered, The Autobiography of <mask>, London 2001
 Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation, epic film by Charles Burnett, the Namibian independence movement through the eyes of Nujoma

External links
 Nujoma's interview to German magazine Die Welt (in German)
 Namibia: The Struggle for Liberation (2007) IMDb

1929 births
Living people
Ovambo people
Presidents of Namibia
Namibian revolutionaries
SWAPO
SWAPO politicians
People's Liberation Army of Namibia personnel
People from Omusati Region
Namibian pan-Africanists
Namibian Lutherans
Namibian expatriates in South Africa
South West African anti-apartheid activists
Lenin Peace Prize recipients
Ho Chi Minh Prize recipients
Grand Collars of the Order of Liberty
Namibia University of Science and Technology alumni
University of Namibia alumni
Namibian autobiographers
21st-century Namibian writers
Namibian independence


title: Jean Favier

texts:
<mask> (2 April 1932 – 12 August 2014) was a French historian, who specialized in Medieval history. From 1975 to 1994, he was director of the French National Archives. From 1994 to 1997, he was president of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. He was a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres since 1985. Biography

After his secondary studies at the Lycées Buffon and Henri-IV, he was a student at the École nationale des chartes, from which he graduated as valedictorian in 1956 with a thesis entitled Un conseiller de Philippe le Bel : Enguerrand de Marigny. During the same year and for two years, he was appointed member of the École française de Rome. He was first curator at the National Archives from 1958 to 1961.In 1961, he was appointed professor at the Lycée d'Orléans for 1961 and the following year. He then obtained a position as a research associate at the CNRS, which he held from 1962 to 1964. In 1967, he defended his doctoral thesis on pontifical finances at the time of the Great Western Schism. He first followed a career as a university lecturer at the University of Rennes (1964-1966), as a professor at the University of Rouen (1966-1969), then in Paris, as director of studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études (1965-1997) and finally as a professor at the University of Paris Sorbonne in 1969. Until 1997 he taught medieval paleography there. In parallel to his career as a teacher-researcher, he held leading positions in the administration of culture. In 1975 he was appointed General Director of the


title: Jean Favier

texts: French Archives (also directly responsible for the direction of the Archives nationales), a position he held for 19 years, from 1975 to 1994, and which was marked by the promulgation of a new Law on archives, the construction of numerous archive buildings both in Paris and in the départements, and a very important international activity.Then, from 1994 to 1997, he was the first president of the Bibliothèque nationale de France. From 1979 until its dissolution in 1998, he chaired the French Association for National Celebrations. From 2008 to 2012, he chaired the High Committee for National Celebrations (which became "National Commemorations" in 2011). He was a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres from 1985 (he became its president in 1995), president of the French Commission for UNESCO and a member of the club Le Siècle. He directed the Revue historique from 1973 to 1997. His Philippe le Bel, published in 1978 after numerous scholarly publications, brought him to the attention of a wide public and inaugurated a long series of publications, mainly by Fayard, where he also directed, from 1992 to 1995, a six-volume History of France, of which he wrote the second volume entitled Le Temps des principautés. From the year 1000 to 1515, as well as a Dictionary of Medieval France, published in 1993.<mask> was curator of the Château de Langeais, property of the Institute. He was also a radio personality, hosting in particular the program Question pour l'Histoire on France Inter. From 1984 to 1987, he was a director of


title: Jean Favier

texts:
 TF1. From 1988 to 2002, he was president of the Association des lauréats du concours général. From 2007 to 2013, he was the first president of the Comité historique de la ville de Paris. He died on August 12, 2014 of cancer. The funeral ceremony took place in the Saint-François-Xavier church (7th arrondissement of Paris).The Minister of Culture and Communication, Aurélie Filippetti addresses a tribute to the great historian and servant of the state. He was married since 1956 to the archivist Lucie <mask>. He is buried next to her in the Rabelais cemetery in Saint-Maur-des-Fossés

Works
 « Introitus et exitus » sous Clément VII et Benoit XIII… , Istituto di paleografia dell' Università di Roma, Rome, 1957. Les Archives, PUF (coll. Que sais-je ? ), Paris, 1959. Un conseiller de Philippe le Bel : Enguerran de Marigny, PUF, Paris, 1963.Les finances pontificales à l'époque du Grand Schisme d'Occident, 1378-1409, De Boccard, Paris, 1966. De Marco Polo à Christophe Colomb, Larousse, Paris, 1968. Les Contribuables parisiens à la fin de la guerre de Cent ans, les rôles d'impôt de 1421, 1423 et 1438, Droz, Paris/Genève, 1970. Paris au XVe siècle, Hachette, Paris, 1974. Le registre des compagnies françaises : 1449-1467, Imprimerie nationale, Paris, 1975. Philippe le Bel, Fayard, Paris, 1978. La Guerre de Cent ans, Fayard, Paris 1980.François Villon, Fayard, Paris, 1982. Une Histoire de la Normandie, Ouest-France, Rennes, 1986. De l'Or et des épices : naissance de l'homme d'affaires au Moyen âge, Fayard, Paris, 1987. Archives nationales:


title: Damhnait Doyle

texts:
<mask> [DAV-net] (born December 9, 1975) is a Canadian singer-songwriter. The phonetic spelling of her first name (which is Irish) also serves as the title of her 2003 album. She was a member of Atlantic Canadian band Shaye from 2003–2009 with Kim Stockwood and Tara MacLean (2003–2007). Along with Blake Manning, Stuart Cameron and Peter Fusco, she formed a new band called The Heartbroken which was active since 2009. Career
<mask> took singing, guitar and clarinet lessons as a child, and released her debut album, Shadows Wake Me, in 1996. The lead single was "A List of Things", and the album garnered a Juno Award nomination and several East Coast Music Award nominations for <mask>. She toured Canada with Steve Earle in support of his album I Feel Alright.In 2000, <mask> released her follow-up album, Hyperdramatic which included the single "Tattooed", "Never Too Late", directed by Rob Heydon was nominated for Video of the Year at the East Coast Music Awards. In 2001, <mask> won four ECMA's, including Video of the Year and Female Artist of the Year. In 2003, <mask>'s third album, Davnet, was released. The CD was produced and co-written by  Gordie Sampson at Lakewind Sound Studios, his Cape Breton recording studio. The first single was "Another California Song", written by <mask> and Sampson. The video featured <mask>'s Shaye bandmates Kim Stockwood and Tara MacLean. A video was also released for "Traffic".In Christmas of that year, she went to Kabul, Afghanistan, to sing for the Canadian troops there, on the

masks:
Damhnait Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle
Doyle


title: Damhnait Doyle

texts: Christmas special Rick Mercer's Christmas in Kabul. She has worked with Alexz Johnson, co-writing two songs on Songs from Instant Star, then four on Songs from Instant Star Two. She recorded two songs on Songs from Instant Star 3: "Just the Beginning" as well as "Darkness Round The Sun" and two songs on Songs from Instant Star 4: "The Music" and "I Still Love You". The song "Say What You Will" was featured in the Degrassi: The Next Generation episode "The Bitterest Pill", where the school held a memorial for a J.T. Yorke, who was fatally stabbed in the prior episode. She did a duet with Rex Goudie on his album Look Closer, on the song "Like I Was Dying", which she also co-wrote. In 2008, <mask> lent her voice to the title sequence of Degrassi: TNG, but her version of the theme was only used for the eighth season.In 2009, <mask>, along with Blake Manning, Stuart Cameron and Peter Fusco, formed a new band called The Heartbroken. They released their debut album Tonight Tonight in June 2010. In September 2016, they released their follow up recording, Storm Clouds. <mask> wrote a song for a play her father Clar <mask> wrote for EDFNL, titled the same as the play: "Are You Watching Me Now?". In April 2019, <mask> released her solo album, Liquor Store Flowers. In June 2020, she co-hosted the Juno Awards of 2020 alongside Odario Williams. She is currently also the Sunday host of Weekend Mornings on the CBC Music radio network.In April 2021, <mask> sang the song 'Sleeping in the Cold Below' on the game

masks: Doyle Doyle Doyle Doyle Doyle Doyle


title: Detlev Blanke

texts:
<mask> (30 May 1941 – 20 August 2016) was a German Esperantist. He was an interlinguistics lecturer at the Humboldt University of Berlin. He was one of Germany's most active Esperanto philologists and was from 1991 to 2016 both the chair of the Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik ("Interlinguistics Society") and the editor of its newsletter, Interlinguistische Informationen. He and his wife, <mask>, were especially interested in the evolution of language, particularly in the development of terminology for the constructed language, Esperanto, and questions of sociolinguistics. Blanke made a study of Eugen Wüster's work toward common international terminology and international standardization. Academic career
After completing his initial university studies he worked as a teacher of German and geography. He earned a doctorate from Humboldt University of Berlin in 1976 with his dissertation on comparative word construction of Esperanto and German.In 1985 he earned a second doctorate from Humboldt on constructed languages. (In the former East Germany such a second degree was known as "dissertation B", corresponding to the highest academic qualification of "habilitation" awarded to full professors in many European countries.) In 1988 the university appointed him "Honorary Lecturer of Interlinguistics." Esperanto activities
Having first taught himself Esperanto in 1957, he later became secretary (1968 through 1990) of the Centra Laborrondo de Esperanto-Amikoj ("Central Working Circle of Friends of Esperanto"), a government-sanctioned affiliate of East Germany's Cultural Association (Deutsche Kulturbund). After 1981 the group became a part of the newly founded German Democratic

masks:
Detlev Blanke
Wera Blanke


title: Detlev Blanke

texts:
 Republic Esperanto Association (Esperanto-Asocio de GDR, GDREA). From 1970 to 1990 Prof. <mask> was also editor of the newsletter of those organizations, Der Esperantist. In 1991 the Esperantists of the former East Germany formally affiliated with the German Esperanto Association (Germana Esperanto-Asocio) which had previously operated only in West Germany.Works of <mask> Blanke

Original works in Esperanto
Ĉu lingvopolitikon por Esperanto? La "Enciklopedia vortaro" de Eugen Wüster
"Esperanto" aŭ "Internacia Lingvo (ILo)": kiel nomi la lingvon? Esperanto kaj lingvistiko: sciencpolitikaj aspektoj
Esperanto kiel faklingvo: elekta bibliografio
Eugen Wüster, la planlingvoj kaj la "naturalisma skolo"
La gazeto "Völkerspiegel"
Kelkaj problemoj de la vortfarado de la germana lingvo kaj de Esperanto: Motivado de la signifo de Esperantaj vortoj
Konfronta komparo de Esperanto kaj la germana lingvo
Konfronta lingvistika komparo de etnolingvo kaj planlingvo
Lingvoplanado en planlingvo: La esperantologio, ĉu priskriba aŭ preskriba scienco? La lingvoscienco kaj planlingvoj: Interlingvistiko kaj interlingvistikaj esploroj
La malnovaj lingvoj kaj la problemo de internacia monda helplingvo
Notoj (interview with the French linguist André Martinet)
Pazigrafioj: La Esperanto-movado kaj sciencaj esploroj
Planlingvaj projektoj kaj la planlingvo Esperanto: La antikvaj lingvoj kaj la problemo de internacia lingvo
Pri Esperanto kaj interlingvistikaj aranĝoj en germanaj universitatoj: kaj pri kelkaj lastatempaj spertoj el Humboldt-Universitato
Pri kio verkas esperantologoj kaj kie trovi iliajn publikaĵojn? Zur Plansprachenproblematik Berlin: Kulturbund der DDR, 1982, 88 pp. (2nd expanded ed..

masks: Blanke Detlev


title: Detlev Blanke

texts:
 1986)
Eugen Wüster und sein "Enzyklopädisches Wörterbuch Esperanto-Deutsch"
Fachkommunikation in Plansprachen
Das Glottonym 'Esperanto' als Metapher
Grundfragen der Entwicklung von Plansprachen - unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Esperanto
Interlinguistik in der DDR: eine Bilanz
Interlinguistik und Plansprachen
Internationale Kommunikation: die Möglichkeiten von Welthilfssprachen
"Internationale Plansprachen. Eine Einführung" in Sammlung Akademie-Verlag, issue 34.Berlin, 1985, 408 pp.,
Interlinguistische Beiträge. Zum Wesen und zur Funktion internationaler Plansprachen. Sabine Fiedler, ed. Frankfurt: Peter Lang Verlag, 2006, 405 pp.,
(with Till Dahlenburg): Konversationsbuch Deutsch-Esperanto. Leipzig: Enzyklopädie-Verlag, 1990, 210 pp. , (2nd expanded ed., 1998, Vienna)
Leibniz und die Lingua Universalis
Pasigraphien (Weltschriften): eine Skizze
"Plansprache und Nationalsprache. Einige Probleme der Wortbildung des Esperanto und des Deutschen in konfrontativer Darstellung" in Linguistische Studien, Series A, No.85, Berlin: GDR Academy of Sciences, 1981, 162 pp. (2nd ed., 1982)
Plansprachen als Fachsprachen
Plansprachen und europäische Sprachenpolitik
Plansprachige Wörterbücher

Translations into English
International Planned Languages

References

External links
Gesellschaft für Interlinguistik (GIL) (in German and English)
Pri la germana reunuiĝo (in Esperanto)
Ĉu manifesti kaj civiti? (in Esperanto)
Works by and about <mask> <mask> in the Department of Planned Languages, Austrian National Library

1941 births
2016 deaths
People from Neumünster
German Esperantists
Translators to Esperanto
Linguists from Germany
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
20th-century

masks: Detlev Blanke


title: Salah Jadid

texts:
<mask> (1926 – 19 August 1993, ) was a Syrian general, a leader of the left-wing of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Syria, and the country's de facto leader from 1966 until 1970, when he was ousted by Hafez al-Assad's Corrective Movement. Early life and career
<mask>ite family of the Haddadin tribe. However, there is another report stating his birth year as 1924. He studied at the Homs Military Academy, and entered the Syrian Army in 1946. <mask> was originally a member of the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP), but later became a member of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party, led by Michel Aflaq and <mask>-Din al-Bitar, in the 1950s through an associate of Akram al-Hawrani. Even so, <mask> remained close to the SSNP; his brother, Ghassan, was one of its most prominent members in Syria. He changed allegiance again in the 1950s, when he became a member of the Arab Nationalist Movement, a party supporting Gamal Abdel Nasser's ideological beliefs.<mask> supported Syria's ascension into the United Arab Republic (UAR), a union republic consisting of Egypt and Syria. During the UAR-era, <mask> was stationed in Cairo, Egypt. <mask> established the Military Committee alongside other Ba'athists in 1959. The chief aim of the Military Committee was to protect the UAR's existence. In the beginning there was only four members of the Military Committee, the others were Hafez al-Assad, Abd al-Karim al-Jundi and Muhammad Umran. The Military Committee also tried to save the Syrian Ba'ath movement from annihilation. Committee members were among those who blamed Aflaq for the

masks:
Salah Jadid
Jadidaw
Jadid
Salah al
Jadid
Jadid
Jadid
Jadid


title: Salah Jadid

texts:
 Ba'ath Party's failing during the UAR years.The party's Third National Congress in 1959 supported Aflaq's decision to dissolve the party, but a 1960 National Congress, in which Jadid was a delegate representing the then-unknown Military Committee, reversed the decision and called for the Ba'ath Party's reestablishment. The Congress also decided to improve relations with Nasser by democratising the UAR from within. A faction within the party, led by al-Hawrani, called for Syria's secession. The Military Committee did not succeed in its aims, and in September 1961 the UAR was dissolved. Nazim al-Kudsi, who led the first post-UAR government, persecuted <mask> and the others for their Nasserite loyalties, and all of them were forced to retire from the Syrian Army. In 1963 <mask> was promoted from Lieutenant colonel to Major general and named Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of Syria. Strongman of Ba'athist Syria
While <mask> remained away from public view, as the second secretary of the Ba'ath Party, men allied to him filled the top posts in state and army: Nureddin al-Atassi, as party chairman, state president and later prime minister; Yousuf Zouayyen, as prime minister; Ibrahim Makhous as foreign minister, Hafez al-Assad as defense minister; Abd al-Karim al-Jundi, as security chief.Many of these men were Alawis (e.g. all of the above except Atassi, Jundi, and Zouayyen, who were Sunni), giving the government a sectarian character. Several were military men, and all belonged to the Ba'ath Party's left-wing. Under <mask>'s rule, Syria aligned itself with the

masks: Jadid Jadid Jadid Jadid


title: Salah Jadid

texts: Soviet bloc and pursued hardline policies towards Israel and "reactionary" Arab states especially Saudi Arabia, calling for the mobilization of a "people's war" against Zionism rather than inter-Arab military alliances. Domestically, <mask> attempted a socialist transformation of Syrian society at a forced pace, creating unrest and economic difficulties. Opponents of the government were harshly suppressed, while the Ba'ath Party replaced parliament as law-making body and other parties were banned. Public support for his government, such as it was, declined sharply following Syria's defeat in the 1967 Six-Day War, when Israel captured the Golan Heights, and as a result of the troubled internal conditions of the country.After the war, in particular, tensions began to increase between <mask>'s followers and those who argued that the situation called for a more moderate stance on socialism and international relations. This group coalesced around Defense Minister Hafez al-Assad, who protested the "adventurism" of <mask>, and demanded a normalization of the internal situation by adopting a permanent constitution, liberalizing the economy, and mending ties with non-Ba'athist groups, as well as the external situation, by seeking an alliance with conservative Arab states such as Jordan and Saudi Arabia. While Jadid retained the allegiance of most of the civilian Ba'ath apparatus, Assad as defense minister gradually asserted control over the military wing of the party. In 1969, Assad purged several Jadid loyalists, and from that point on Jadid had lost his preeminence

masks: Jadid Jadid Jadid


title: Salah Jadid

texts:
 in the state. Downfall and death
In 1970, when conflict erupted between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Jordanian army, Jadid sent Syrian-controlled Palestinian troops of the nominally PLO-run Palestine Liberation Army, based in Syria, into Jordan to aid the PLO. This decision was not supported by Assad's right-wing Ba'ath faction, and the troops withdrew. The action helped trigger a simmering conflict between <mask>'s and Assad's factions within the Ba'ath Party and army.The Syrian Communist Party aligned itself with <mask>, drawing him the support of Soviet ambassador, Nuritdin Mukhitdinov. Angered by this, Assad decided to scare the Soviets by sending Mustafa Tlass to Beijing to procure arms and wave Chairman Mao's Little Red Book. In November 1970, <mask> tried to fire Assad and his supporter Mustafa Tlass. Assad responded by launching an intra-party coup dubbed the Corrective Movement. <mask> was arrested on 13 November 1970, and remained in the Mezzeh prison in Damascus until dying from a heart attack on 19 August 1993. References

Bibliography

1926 births
1993 deaths
Ba'athist rulers
Chiefs of Staff of the Syrian Army
Homs Military Academy alumni
Leaders ousted by a coup
Leaders who took power by coup
Members of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party
Members of the National Command of the Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)
Members of the Regional Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region
People from Latakia
Prisoners and detainees of Syria
Syrian Alawites
Syrian Arab nationalists
Syrian generals
Muslim


title: Floyd Smith (musician)

texts:
<mask> (January 25, 1917 – March 29, 1982), sometimes credited as <mask> "Guitar" <mask>, was an American jazz guitarist and record producer. Biography
Born in St. Louis, Missouri, <mask> studied music theory as a teenager and learned ukulele as a child before taking up guitar. He spent his early career in territory bands, playing in groups such as Eddie Johnson's Crackerjacks, the Jeter-Pillars Orchestra, the Sunset Royal Orchestra, the Brown Skin Models, and Andy Kirk's 12 Clouds Of Joy. His composition "Floyd's Guitar Blues", recorded with Andy Kirk's orchestra in March 1939, has been claimed as the first hit record to feature a blues solo on electric guitar. <mask> enlisted during World War II and was stationed in Britain as a sergeant. He also met and played with Django Reinhardt in Paris. Following the war, he rejoined Andy Kirk's band before forming his own small ensembles.He played with Wild Bill Davis in the 1950s, and Bill Doggett in the early 1960s, and also recorded occasionally with drummer Chris Columbo's bands during the late 1950s and early 1960s. He later settled in Indianapolis and formed his own jazz trio. In the 1970s, <mask> moved into writing songs and record production, working with Dakar/Brunswick Records in Chicago, for which he recorded a few singles. He produced two albums with R&B star,

masks:
Floyd George Smith
Floyd
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Floyd Smith (musician)

texts:
 Loleatta Holloway for Aware Records of Atlanta, as well as two (one completed, but unissued when the label folded) with John Edwards, who later became lead singer of the Detroit Spinners. He produced two Top 10 R&B hits on Aware with Edwards ("Careful Man", No. 8 in 1974) and Holloway ("Cry To Me", No. 10 in 1975).In the late 1970s, he produced tracks on several albums with Loleatta Holloway for Gold Mine/Salsoul Records. He managed the former gospel singer and later married her. He died in Indianapolis, Indiana in March 1982 at the age of 65 and was buried in the New Crown Cemetery. Discography

As leader
 "<mask>'s Guitar Blues" // "I'm Weak For You" (Hy-Tone 29, 1947) – with Jo Jo Adams
 "Around The Watch, Part 1" // "Around The Watch, Part 2" (Hy-Tone 30, 1947) – with Jo Jo Adams
 "I Get The Blues Every Morning" // "Voodit" (Hy-Tone 31, 1947) – with Jo Jo Adams
 "Blue Moods" // "Saturday Nite Boogie" (Aristocrat 409, 1950; reissue: Chess 1439)
 "Gloomy Evening" // "Floydynasty" (Decca 48257, 1951) – with Horace Henderson
 "After Hours" // "Me And You" (Decca 28208, 1952) – with Horace Henderson
 "Don't Cry Baby" // "You May Be Trash To Someone (But Baby You're A Queen To Me)" (Decca 28801, 1953) – note: B-side by the Billy Valentine Trio (with Mickey Baker on guitar). "Grandpa's Gully Rock" // "This Is A


title: Floyd Smith (musician)

texts:
 Miracle" (Fortune 540, 1961) – with The Montclairs
 "Getting Nowhere Fast" // "Soul Strut" (Dakar 604, 1968)
 Floyd's Guitar Blues (Disques Black & Blue 33.046, 1972) – with Wild Bill Davis and Chris Columbo; reissued on CD as Relaxin' With <mask> (The Definitive Black & Blue Sessions) in 1996 by Black & Blue (BB-875). "The Bump" // "I Want 'Cha To Let Me Come Home" (Aware/GRC 042, 1974)
 "I Just Can't Give You Up" // "I Just Can't Give You Up (Instrumental Version)" (Salsoul 2001, 1975)

As sideman
With Jo Jo Adams (featured vocalist with Floyd Smith's Combo)
The Chronological Jo Jo Adams 1946–1953 (Classics 'Blues & Rhythm Series' #5083, 2004) – includes Smith's December 1946 six-side Hy-Tone session featuring the classic re-recording of "Floyd's Guitar Blues". With Mildred Bailey and Her Oxford Greys
The Chronological Mildred Bailey 1939 (Classics #1187, 2002) – includes Bailey's March 1939 six-side Vocalion session with Mary Lou Williams, Floyd Smith, John Williams, Eddie Dougherty.With Krazy Kris / Chris Columbo and The Swinging Gentlemen
 "<mask>'s Guitar Blues" // "Wishy Washy" (King 4991, 1956)
 "Oh Yeah!, Pt. 1" // "Oh Yeah!, Pt. 2" (King 5012, 1957) – with Johnny Hammond <mask>
With Wild Bill Davis Trio
Here's Wild Bill Davis (Epic LG-1004 [10" LP], 1954)
On The Loose (Epic LN-1121 [10" LP], 1954)
Wild

masks: Floyd Floyd Smith


title: Floyd Smith (musician)

texts:
 Bill Davis At Birdland (Epic LN-3118, 1955) – reissued as Lullaby Of Birdland in 1972. Evening Concerto (Epic LN-3308, 1955)
Wild Bill Davis On Broadway (Imperial LP-9010, 1956)
Wild Bill Davis In Hollywood (Imperial LP-9015, 1956)
Impulsions (Disques Black & Blue 33.037, 1972) – reissued on CD in 1987 by Black & Blue (233.037). Midnight Slows Vol. 2 (Disques Black & Blue 33.045, 1972)
With Bill Doggett and His Combo
Oops! The Swinging Sounds Of Bill Doggett (Columbia CL-1814/CS-8614, 1962)
With Dizzy Gillespie and His Orchestra
The Chronological Dizzy Gillespie And His Orchestra 1949–1950 (Classics #1168, 2002) – includes the 18-piece Gillespie orchestra's January 1950 four-side Capitol session.With Al Grey
Al Grey & Wild Bill Davis (Disques Black & Blue 33.041, 1972) – with Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson
With Earl Hines Swingtette
The Chronological Earl Hines And His Orchestra 1947–1949 (Classics #1120, 2000) – includes Hines' December 1948 four-side MGM session with <mask>, Arvell Shaw, Sid Catlett. With Andy Kirk and His Clouds Of Joy
The Chronological Andy Kirk And His 12 Clouds Of Joy 1939–1940 (Classics #640, 1992) – includes the Kirk orchestra's original Decca recording of "Floyd's Guitar Blues". The Chronological Andy Kirk And His Clouds Of Joy 1940–1942 (Classics #681, 1993)
The Chronological Andy Kirk And


title: Floyd Smith (musician)

texts:
 His Orchestra 1943–1949 (Classics #1075, 2000)
With Johnny "Hammond" <mask>
The Stinger (Prestige PR-7408, 1965) – reissued on CD as Good 'Nuff in 2003 by Prestige (24282). With Buddy Tate
Buddy Tate & Wild Bill Davis (Disques Black & Blue 33.054, 1972) – reissued on CD as Broadway in 1987 by Black & Blue (233.054). With Noble Watts Quintet
Honkin', Shakin' & Slidin' (A Singles Collection 1954–1962) (Jasmine #3115, 2019) – includes Watts' first session ("Mashing Potatoes" // "Pig Ears And Rice" on DeLuxe 6066, 1954) as a leader with backing by the Wild Bill Davis Trio (<mask> <mask> Columbo). With Mary Lou Williams (featured pianist with Six Men & A Girl)
The Chronological Mary Lou Williams 1927–1940 (Classics #630, 1992) – includes Williams' January 1940 four-side Varsity session with Earl Thompson, Buddy Miller, Dick Wilson, <mask> Smith, Booker Collins, Ben Thigpen. References

Sources
Further Reading
"<mask> Smith".Grove Dictionary of Jazz, 2nd ed, 2001. John Chilton, Who's Who of Jazz. 1972. 1917 births
1982 deaths
American jazz guitarists
Musicians from St. Louis
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Missouri
American male guitarists
Jazz musicians from Missouri
20th-century American male musicians
American male jazz musicians
Jeter-Pillars Orchestra members
Decca Records artists
Black & Blue

masks:
Smith
Davis Floyd
Smith Chris
Floyd
Floyd


title: Alfred Pringsheim

texts:
<mask> (2 September 1850 – 25 June 1941) was a German mathematician and patron of the arts. He was born in Ohlau, Prussian Silesia (now Oława, Poland) and died in Zürich, Switzerland. Family and academic career

<mask> came from an extremely wealthy Silesian merchant family with Jewish roots. He was the first-born child and only son of the Upper Silesian railway entrepreneur and coal mine owner <mask> (1821–1901) and his wife Paula, née Deutschmann (1827–1909). He had a younger sister, Martha. <mask> attended the Maria Magdalena Gymnasium in Breslau, where he excelled in music and mathematics. Starting in 1868 he studied mathematics and physics in Berlin and at the Ruprecht Karl University in Heidelberg.In 1872 he was awarded a doctorate in mathematics, studying under Leo Königsberger. In 1875, he moved from Berlin, where his parents lived, to Munich to earn his habilitation. Two years later he became a lecturer at Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich. In 1886 <mask> was appointed associate professor of mathematics there, and in 1901 full professor. He retired as emeritus professor in 1922. He was elected a member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1898, a position he held until 1938, and was a corresponding member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences. He was also awarded membership in the Leopoldina, Germany's oldest academy of natural sciences.Pringsheim considered himself to be a German citizen who no longer followed the "Mosaic belief" (meaning conservative or orthodox Judaism). He repeatedly declined to have himself baptized. In 1878 <mask> married the Berlin actress Gertrude Hedwig Anna Dohm (1855–1942), whose mother was the famous Berlin advocate of women's rights Hedwig Dohm (1831–1919). They had five children: Erik (born 1879), Peter (born 1881), Heinz (born 1882) and twins born in 1883, Klaus and Katharina,

masks:
Alfred Pringsheim
Pringsheim
Rudolf Pringsheim
Pringsheim
Pringsheim
Pringsheim


title: Alfred Pringsheim

texts:
 known as Katia. His first-born son, Erik, was exiled to Argentina because of his dissolute life and gambling debts and died there at an early age. His sons Peter and Klaus followed him in pursuing academic careers, obtaining professorships in physics and musical composition. One musician in the family was enough, so his third son, Heinz, became an archaeologist with a doctorate in that field, but soon changed course, becoming a successful conductor and critic in Berlin and Munich.His daughter Katia was the first female in Munich to earn the qualifications for university admission and was one of the first active women students at Munich University. She later became the wife of the author and Nobel Prize winner Thomas Mann. In 1889 Pringsheim and his family moved into a Neo-Renaissance villa at Arcisstrasse 12 designed by the Berlin architects Kayser & von Großheim with interior furnishings provided by Joh. Wachter and the court furniture manufacturer O. Fritsche of Munich. On major social nights the Munich elite was hosted here in what was known as the Pringsheim Palace. Besides mathematics, ever since his youth Pringsheim was also intensively occupied with music, and adapted various compositions of Richard Wagner for the piano. Later he became interested in the theory and history of art, building up important collections of majolica earthenware and paintings.In his novel Royal Highness, Thomas Mann portrayed his father-in-law as the character Samuel Spoelman. Mathematical investigations
In mathematical analysis, <mask> studied real and complex functions, following the power-series-approach of the Weierstrass school. Pringsheim published numerous works on the subject of complex analysis, with a focus on the summability theory of infinite series and the boundary behavior of analytic functions. One of <mask>'s theorems,

masks: Pringsheim Pringsheim


title: Alfred Pringsheim

texts:
 according to Hadamard earlier proved by E. Borel, states  that a power series with positive coefficients and radius of convergence equal to 1 has necessarily a singularity at the point 1. This theorem is used in analytic combinatorics and the Perron–Frobenius theory of positive operators on ordered vector spaces. Another theorem named after Pringsheim gives an analyticity criterion for a C∞ function on a bounded interval, based on the behaviour of the radius of convergence of the Taylor expansion around a point of the interval. However, <mask>'s original proof had a flaw (related to uniform convergence), and a correct proof was provided by Ralph P. Boas.<mask> and Ivan Śleszyński, working separately, proved what is now called the Śleszyński–Pringsheim theorem on convergence of certain continued fractions. Besides his research in analysis, <mask> also wrote articles for the Enzyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften on the fundamentals of arithmetic and on number theory. He published papers in the Mathematische Annalen. As an officer of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, he recorded the minutes of its scientific meetings. Acquaintance with the Wagner family

<mask> had a deep, early interest in music and was especially fascinated by the works of Richard Wagner. He corresponded with Wagner personally, whose letters he took with him when he went into exile to Switzerland. His musical inclinations led to the publication of several arrangements of Wagner's work, and he also wrote on subjects in the field of music.His association with Wagner was so intense that <mask> supported Wagner financially to a significant extent, and also backed the Bayreuth music festival. In gratitude, he received a certificate designating him as a patron, which guaranteed him a seat at certain performances. In her memoires about this

masks: Pringsheim Pringsheim Pringsheim Pringsheim Pringsheim


title: Alfred Pringsheim

texts:
 acquaintance with Wagner, his granddaughter, Erika Mann, wrote that Prof. <mask> was even once involved in a duel because someone had insulted Wagner. Financial situation

His family's fortune left <mask> a wealthy man. He also had a sizeable monthly income as a full professor at the university. After the death of the family patriarch in 1913 he had at his disposal assets amounting to 13 million marks and an annual income of 800,000 marks, which is today equivalent to 10.5 million euro and 646,000 euro, respectively. Pringsheim's financial decline began with World War I.As a “German patriot” he subscribed to war loans which lost their nominal value after the war, which meant the loss of a major part of his capital. The disastrous inflation of 1923 and 1924 resulted in additional high losses. As a result, he had to sell part of his art collection, which probably included a mural by Hans Thoma. His ironic comment, “I live from wall to mouth”. He also had to sell his marvellous mathematics library which contained many precious books dating back to the sixteenth century. The auction catalogue is still preserved in the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek. Nazi persecution
When the Nazis came to power in 1933, Pringheim was persecuted because of his Jewish origins.Primarily because of his age (he was in his mid-80s) he did not want to go abroad, as did most of his family, and remained in Germany. One of many antisemitic pieces of Nazi legislation, the Namensänderungsverordnung which came into effect 1 January 1938, forced him to legally change his name into <mask> <mask> at age 87. At first, he was not allowed to leave the country. Winifred Wagner was not able to help the elderly Wagner devotee in this respect. Through the intervention of the then-rector of Munich University (LMU), his former neighbor Karl Haushofer, who was a friend of

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Pringsheim
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Alfred Israel
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