title: Gertrude of Nivelles

texts:
 II and Plectrude had large tracts of land. The author of Vita writes as a first-hand witness to the events he describes.Although it is perfectly plausible that he could have been a monk or nun, and there some debate on this topic. Based on his reference to himself "with another brother," the author is most likely male. The Vita was originally written for Abbot Agnes, who succeeded Wulfetrud upon her death. Source integrity
As indicated by Charlemagne's inclusion of Arnulf of Metz in his family tree (in a work by Paul the Deacon, a Lombard), there were incentives to being associated with saints in Carolingian times. Fouracre and Gerberding argue that there were large incentives to being associated with saints in the seventh century as well, casting doubt on the genealogy presented in many sources. However, these scholars argue that the close temporal relationship of the three Austrasian sources to the life of <mask> as well as the monastic audience of the works make them more than likely credible. According to Catherine Peyroux, who believes that because author is writing very near <mask>'s lifetime, account must at least be "essentially plausible to <mask>'s contemporaries."Relationship with Arnulf of Metz

<mask>'s relationship with Arnulf of Metz is a persistent source of confusion for scholars and students alike. Numerous sources point to a relationship between <mask> and Arnulf, while others believe this relationship is invented. In particular, the debate focuses on Arnulf's relationship with


title: Gertrude of Nivelles

type: original

texts: Ansegisel, the husband of Begga, <mask>'s sister. Sources that include Arnulf in the Pippinid family state that Arnulf is that father of Ansegisel. Sources making the opposite claim do not. Ian Wood recommends focusing only on the four earliest sources for this information, as later sources are based on these few documents. He starts with the continuations of the chronicles of Fredegar, which do not mention this connection, and are based on an earlier work.He says that "since Childebrand himself was the half-brother of Charles Martel, it is not surprising that the Fredegar continuator add the information contained in the Liber Historiae Francorum material largely concerned with Austrasia and Frisia" in 751. However, he adds no information regarding Arnulf at this time. The Liber is one of the earliest works detailing the history of this period and makes no mention of the relationship between Arnulf and Ansegisel. Moving to a later source, Wood shows how the Annales Mettenses Priores radically change the picture (from the Liber, the earliest source for the late seventh century, written in 727). The Annales allude to the power held by previous members of the family, especially by Pippin I. They also allude to Pippin I's relationship to Arnulf, Bishop of Metz, although they do not specify the nature of that relationship. In addition they talk with great admiration of Pepin II's grandmother, Itta, and his Aunt, <mask>.From the start, therefore, the Annales Mettenses Priores announce their intention of

masks: Gertrude Gertrude


title: Gertrude of Nivelles

texts:
 about the nature of the relationship between Arnulf and the Pippinids." According to Wood, this link comes first from Paul the Deacon (Gesta episcoporum Mettensium) and is suspect, as Paul was not familiar with the events he was writing about and had limited access to reference materials. Of the other early sources that might establish a link between Ansegisel and Arnulf, all that is left is the Vita Arnulfi, or "Life of Arnulf." However, according to Wood, it is "not clear that the Vita Arnulfi... was written in the seventh century." It is possible that this work was a forgery, created later to sanctify the Carolingian line. This argument is not without base, because after <mask> died in 659, "her sanctity was unquestionably promoted by the family in the late seventh century" beginning with her 'Vita in 670.Recent popular culture

The assignment of <mask> as patron of cats and the designation of the cat as one of her attributes seems to date from the 1980s. It is not mentioned at all in Madou's extensive historical survey from 1975. A more superficial association of <mask> with the cat as a mouse hunter goes further back. Her veneration as protector against rats and mice dates from the early 15th century during the Black Plague and spread from Southwestern Germany to the Netherlands and Catalonia. Some 20th-century folkloristics research conflated her with the Germanic goddess Frigg, who may have been depicted riding a cat. The authoritative Handwörterbuch des deutschen Aberglaubens (published in

masks: Gertrude Gertrude Gertrude


title: Gertrude of Nivelles

texts:
 multiple volumes, 1927–1942) does not verify the connection to cats. The first major English-language publication presenting her as patron of cats is a 1981 catalogue of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.References

Bibliography

Collet, Emmanuel. "Sainte Gertrude de Nivelles: Culte, Histoire, Tradition." Nivelles: Comité de Sainte Gertrude, 1985. Delanne, Blanche. Histoire de la Ville de Nivelles: Des Origines au XIIIe siècle. Nivelles: Impr. Havaux, 1944.Donnay-Rocmans, Claudine. La Collégiale Sainte-Gertrude de Nivelles. Gembloux: Duculot, 1979. Effros, Bonnie. Caring for Body and Soul: Burial and the Afterlife in the Merovingian World. Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1965. MacNeill, Eoin."Beginnings of Latin Culture in Ireland". Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review of Letters, Philosophy and Science, 20 (1931)
McNamara, Jo Ann and John E. Halbord with E. Gordon Whatley. Sainted Women of the Dark Ages. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1992. Madou, Mireille, De heilige Gertrudis van Nijvel. Brussels, 1975 (the most extensive study on her veneration). Madou, M.J.H., "S. <mask> Nivelles".In: Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie ecclésiastiques, 20 (1984), 1065–1068
Peyroux, Catherine. "Gertrude's Furor: Reading Anger in an Early Medieval Saint's Life." In Anger's Past: The Social Uses of an Emotion in the Middle Ages. Barbara H. Rosenwein, ed. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998, 36–55. ---––. The Fourth Book of the Chronicle of Fredegar.Trans. J.M. Walace-Hadrill.


title: Vladimir Logothetti

texts:
<mask> (4 August 1822 in Filiale Tamassy (now Tomášovce, Slovakia) – 7 December 1892 in Radautz, Bukovina (now Rădăuţi, Romania)) was an Austrian-Hungarian nobleman, officer, politician and founder of the first voluntary fire brigade in Moravia. Descent

Logothetti originated from an old Byzantine lineage claiming an origin dating back to the Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I Logothetes (reigned 802-811) that settled after the fall of Constantinople (1453) on the Ionian island of Zante (Zakynthos). In the 18th century a descendant, the officer of the Venetian Republic Giacomo (James<mask> (1741–1802) went to the principality of Moldavia. After the annexation of the Bukovina he became an Austrian citizen. His issue played an important role in the defence of this most eastern Austrian province and were counted among the honourables of its capital Czernowitz (nowadays: Chernivtsi, Чернівці, Ukraine). <mask>'s father, <mask> (1801–1861) bought after his marriage with Pauline Baroness von Bartenstein, a direct offspring of the chancellor of the Empress Maria-Theresia Johann Christoph von Bartenstein, in 1830 the manors Bilovice and Březolupy near the South Moravian town of Uherské Hradiště. He was known as Maecenas of the Czech painter Josef Mánes(1820–1871) to whom he commissioned a portrait of Veruna Čudová.This painting is nowadays the most known genre piece of Mánes. <mask> has been born 4 August 1822 in Filiale Tamassy (now Tomášovce, Lučenec District/Slovakia) where his father Hugo I <mask> (1822–1892) served as Austrian army officer. He was the eldest of seven children. After one year his sister Hedwig (1823–1899) was born in Filiale Tamassy. As was usual in that period three other children

masks: Vladimir Emanuel Alexander Count Logothetti


title: Vladimir Logothetti

texts:
 died in infant age – Bertha (*,†1825), Lodoiska (1826–1829) and Alfred (1830–1833). The uncertain military life with ever changing posts in then poorest part of the Austrian Empire, the so-called "Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria" will have been one of the reasons of this high loss of children. In 1830 Hugo I Logothetti bought after selling his hereditary properties in the Bukovina the manors Bilovice and Březolupy near the South Moravian town of Uherské Hradiště.His youngest children Julia (1833–1854) and Zdenko (1835–1881) were born in Moravia. Hugo I was known as Maecenas of the Czech painter Josef Mánes(1820–1871) to whom he commissioned a portrait of Veruna Čudová. This painting is nowadays the most known genre piece of Mánes. Thanks to the Bucovinian money and the heritage of his wife the family was able to live the quiet life of country gentry. Career
Following his studies at a high school in Brünn (now: Brno) <mask> entered as voluntary cadet the 5th Cuirassier Regiment Graf Auersperg in Brünn. Soon afterwards he was sent into combat during the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and fought as officer of the 4th Uhlan Regiment in Upper Hungary, Transylvania and Italy. He was wounded several times and received a big number of Austrian and Russian decorations for personal courage.During the war he made acquaintance in the Transylvanian Komitat Kronstadt (now Braşov/Romania) with his later spouse, female descendant from the catholic branch of important Transylvanian Hungarian, mostly Calvinist lineage. They married in 1851 (see below). <mask>'s father requested in 1831, 1832 and 1834 recognition of the traditional noble title of his lineage by the Austrian Court. Because of the bad

masks: Vladimir Vladimir


title: Vladimir Logothetti

texts: situation of the Bucovinian records he was not able to deliver all necessary documents and thus far didn't acquire recognition of the title of Count the Logothettis used since 1703. The active participation of the Logothettis in the struggle for survival of the Empire against Hungarian, German and Italian revolts in 1848/9 was rewarded with an imperial decree of 8 July 1848 allowing Hugo I and his sons to "use the foreign title of Count". Till 1860 <mask> was in active service as army officer, mainly in Galicia and Transylvania, where the first three children were born. When his father's health grew worse <mask> returned to Moravia to take over the administration of the family properties.He left active service in the rank of Commander of the 1st Division of the Voluntary Uhlan Regiment, than fighting in Northern Italy. <mask> settled in Bílovice, his younger brother Zdenko lived with theirin 1861 widowed mother Pauline Countess Logothetti née Baroness Bartenstein (1800–1872) in Březolupy. Thanks to the big dowry of his wife <mask> was able to modernise the Bílovice manor thoroughly and to build a new wing. On the c1860 photograph the new eastern wing is clearly recognisable. After his father's dead in 1861 <mask> was officially declared disabled for active military service. He then took over the social role of his father. In 1864-1865 he was mayor of Bílovice, in the fourth and fifth term of the Moravian Diet (1871–1877) he was member of parliament in Brünn (Brno) for the party of lower nobility and took a strictly Moravian position.For the development of the village of Bílovice in particular and that of Southern Moravia in general the most important deed of Vladimir was the creation in

masks: Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir


title: Vladimir Logothetti

texts: 1869 of the first Moravian Voluntary Fire Brigade. Blazes were an often returning catastrophe in that time and as an experienced military <mask> knew how to handle with it. In 1861 and 1865 <mask> and his brother Zdenko effectively helped to master blazes in the near village of Kněžpole that offered them then the honorary citizenship. In 1869 <mask> became also honorary citizen of Bílovice, being the first commander of the newly erected Fire Brigade. In 1873 Logothetti was one of the initiators of a new Law on Voluntary Fire Brigades in all villages counting more than 100 houses in the Moravian Diet. <mask> spoke fluently Czech, German, Hungarian and Polish. He organised competitions between Czech and German speaking schoolboys and was active in the Uherské Hradiště Men's Chorus that he founded with his father.In 1863 he founded together with his brother Zdenko the first Moravian rowing club Rudenverein Moravia in Uherské Hradiště. Three false tries to come to a Moravian Compromise regulating the cohabitation of Czech and German speaking Moravians (in 1848, 1868 and 1871) got nowhere (the Moravian Compromise was finally made as late as in 1905) and <mask> decided disappointed to leave active politics to return to the accustomed life of an active military. In 1877 he refused to candidate for the sixth term of the Diet and entered instead of that the Uhlan Squadron of the Royal Galician Home Guard. In 1882 <mask> accepted the available function of Commander of the State Horse Breeding in Drogowitz (nu: Дрогобич/Drogobych in the Ukraine). In 1883 he changed this position for the more important one of Commander of the State Military Stud Farm in Radautz in the Bucovina. The postcard shows his

masks: Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir Vladimir


title: Vladimir Logothetti

texts:
 official dwelling. Logothetti developed further the breeding of Carpathian Hucul ponies that were much used by the Austro-Hungarian Army for their endurance.On 7 December 1892 the 70 years old officer died due to adverse effects after a bad spill from his horse. His corpse was transferred to Bílovice and buried with military honour at the family cemetery. The Bílovice Voluntary Frire Brigade is memorating every fifth year their founder. Family

<mask>tti married 25 October 1851 in the Catholic Cathedral of the Transylvanian capital Klausenburg (now Cluj-Napoca/Romania) with Maria Karolina Rosalia Johanna Countess Nemes de Hidvég et Oltszem (1826–1906). She was an offspring from the Catholic branch of an old Transylvanian noble lineage. The family was mostly Calvinist and acquired its title from the legendary Transylvanian Prince Gabriel Bethlen. The Calvinist branch had their own pews in the still-existing Hungarian Calvinist church in Fárkas útca (Wolfstrasse, now Strada Mihail Kogǎniceanu) in Kolozsvár (Cluj).The Catholic branch reconverted in 1755 with Karolina's grandfather Ádam grof Nemes de Hídvégi (†1766). They acquired then the title of Count (gróf) and had in Klausenburg their own crypta in the Catholic University Church, the Piarist's or Academic Church. The married couple had four children: Hugo II (1852–1918), later a high Austro-Hungarian diplomat; Alfred (1853–1923), Austro-Hungarian army officer and after 1918 Romanian landowner; Rosalia (1856–1942), honorary lady of the Noble Ladies' Convent Maria Schul in Brünn (Brno); and Maria (1859–1929), married Paul Lamoral Baron Taxis von Bordogna und Valnigra (1852–1901). Orders and honours
Logothetti obtained during his active


title: Geraldine Cox

texts:
<mask>  (born 1945) is the founder of Sunrise Cambodia, a charity that was originally established as an orphanage in the province of Kandal, in Cambodia, and now extends its services to sustainable development and family support in several provinces of the country. She has been granted Cambodian citizenship by a royal decree from King Norodom Sihanouk in 1999. Today <mask> remains the figure-head of Sunrise Cambodia, making public and media appearances in Australia to assist with fundraising appeals. She lives full-time in Cambodia, acting a mentor to the child recipients of the organization as well as meeting with the sponsors and donors who come to visit. She prides herself on keeping abreast with current Cambodian and international politics. Early life and family
Born in the foothills of Adelaide, <mask> had two older sisters, Sandra and Marlene, and described herself the "problem child" of the family. Her Father, <mask>, was a hard-working milkman and her mother <mask> was a housewife.Instead of finishing her high school certificate, Geraldine left school at age 15 and worked in multiple secretarial jobs in Adelaide between the years of 1965 and 1969. In 1964 Geraldine at the age of 19 had a year abroad in Europe where she worked as a secretary in a London office. This was her first taste of travel, which ignited a lifelong passion for overseas adventure. Career and humanitarian work
After moving to Coober Pedy to work as a miner in 1969,. <mask> began her career at the age of 25 working for The Department of Foreign Affairs in 1970. Her first overseas posting was to Phnom Penh in 1971. The country was in turmoil at the time, with the Vietnam war at the border and American B52s dropping bombs.<mask> refers to this first posting as an experience that significantly shaped who she is today. Her following overseas postings included working for Australian Embassies in Manila (1973-1978), Bangkok (1978-1981), Tehran and Washington D.C. After resigning from the Government in 1987 <mask> worked for eight years at the Chase Manhattan Bank in Sydney. <mask>'s original experiences in Cambodia never left her and while in Australia in 1993, <mask>

masks:
Geraldine Dorothea Cox
Geraldine
Geraldine Cox
Norm Cox
Dorothy Cox
Cox
Geraldine
Cox
Geraldine
Cox


title: Geraldine Cox

texts:
 helped found the Australia Cambodia Foundation, which operates Sunrise Cambodia today. She moved to Cambodia permanently in 1995 where she worked as an Executive Assistant for the Cabinet Director in the Cabinet of the then First Prime Minister of Cambodia, HRH Prince Norodom Ranariddh. In her spare time Geraldine assisted Princess Marie, the wife of Prince Norodom, in operating and supporting a residential education centre for orphaned children. When a military coup occurred in July/August 1997 Geraldine realised her position of responsibility in looking after the children of the orphanage, as Princess Marie and her political associates had fled the country to save themselves. Within the orphanage she became widely known to the children as "M’Day Thom" (meaning Big Mum)  Geraldine's unwavering support for the orphanage during the tumultuous political period of the military Coup led her to be recognised as a prominent humanitarian figure.Austcare contacted <mask> to be the keynote speaker at their October 1997 Refugee Week in Australia. After delivering this speech at the National Press Club in Canberra <mask>'s media profile gained much more public exposure and she began appearing in radio and TV segments to talk about her cause. <mask> is the author of the book Home is Where the Heart Is, an account of her life and the lives of some of the children she has cared for that was published by Pan Macmillan in 2000. Fifteen thousand copies have been printed and sold, and they are no longer available in book shops, only online on her website. <mask> is also the subject of the documentary My Khmer Heart, made by Australian filmmakers Janine Hosking and Leonie Lowe. This documentary won the [Hollywood Film Festival] Documentary of the Year Award in 2000 and has since been screened by [HBO] and Discovery Channels. Personal life
Geraldine has endured ongoing suffering in her private life due to her inability to have children[3].Her infertility led her to adopt a baby daughter (Lisa Devi <mask>) from a Cambodian orphanage in 1971. Unfortunately, she learned early on that Lisa was profoundly mentally and physically ill, suffering from deafness,

masks: Geraldine Geraldine Cox Cox Cox


title: Geraldine Cox

texts:
 epilepsy and diabetes. Geraldine cared for the child throughout her infancy and early childhood however gave her up after 7 challenging years to a full-time care centre in Adelaide. Lisa is now 45.

Notable romantic relationships in <mask>'s life include Theo Palaxides, who was her boyfriend and long-time partner in Adelaide. Although they ended their relationship long ago, Geraldine still keeps in touch with Theo and his wife today. Major On Kon, a Cambodian fighter pilot became Geraldine's prominent romantic partner during her posting in Phnom Penh in 1972. In 1984 Geraldine married Shi’ite Mahmoud Rastegar, an Iranian national who worked as an IBM project manager.Mahmoud relocated with <mask> on her posting to Washington, D.C., in 1984; however, they ended their marriage in 1990. Awards
In January 2001 <mask> was made a Member of the Order of Australia "For service to the welfare of children through the establishment, financing and administration of an orphanage in Cambodia." She has also received the Centenary Medal, "For service to the welfare of children in Cambodia". Other awards and accomplishments include:

 Granted Cambodian citizenship by a royal decree from King Norodom Sihanouk (1999). Member of the Humanitarian Affairs Advisory Board, 2014-2016
 Member of the board of Oasis Africa Australia (2013–present). Ernst & Young South Australian Entrepreneur of the Year Award, 2012
 Prime Minister of Cambodia Hun Sen awarded Geraldine the Royal Order of Sahametrei Medal, which is the most significant award given to foreigners. Recipient of the Sir Edward ‘Weary’ Dunlop AsiaLink Medal in 2011.Australia Network (the international cable channel run by the ABC) invited <mask> to become an Ambassador for the promotion of the channel and its programs. The Rotary Foundation named her a Paul Harris fellow in 2006
 Circle of Courage Award recipient in 2000 from Australian charity, Youth Off the Streets. References

External links
Sunrise Cambodia official website
Yellow Pages Cambodia: Sunrise Children's Village

People from Adelaide
1945 births
Living people
Australian humanitarians
Women humanitarians
Australian diplomats
Members of the Order

masks: Geraldine Geraldine Cox Geraldine


title: Rashid Magomedov

texts:
<mask> (; born May 14, 1984 in Dagestan) is a Russian mixed martial artist. He is a former amateur Light heavyweight and Middleweight boxer, and competed at the lightweight mixed martial artist in the Ultimate Fighting Championship. <mask> is also a former M-1 Global welterweight champion. He is ranked #6 in the ACA lightweight rankings. Early life
<mask> was born in Makhachkala, Dagestan. During his childhood <mask> engaged in various types of martial arts including karate, boxing, and kickboxing winning national competitions in each discipline. <mask> entered military service and competed in martial arts competitions and in 2004 won the title of Master of Sports in the hand-to-hand fighting category.After <mask>'s period of army service he trained in Combat Sambo. Mixed martial arts career

M-1 Global
<mask> was scheduled to challenge Shamil Zavurov for the M-1 Welterweight championship at M-1 Challenge XXX: Shamil Zavurov vs. Yasubey Enomoto II on December 9, 2011. The fight, however, was postponed. <mask> faced Yasubey Enomoto on March 16, 2012 at M-1 Challenge 31. He won the fight via unanimous decision (50–45, 49–47, 50–45) and became the new M-1 Global Welterweight Champion. <mask> faced Alexander Yakovlev on November 15, 2012 at M-1 Challenge 35. He won the fight via unanimous decision.Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his UFC debut against fellow promotional newcomer Anthony Rocco Martin in a lightweight bout on February 1, 2014 at UFC 169. After surviving a tight arm bar submission attempt by Martin in the first round, he rallied to win the fight via unanimous decision (29–28, 29–28, 29–28). In his second fight,

masks:
Rashid Magomedgadzhievich Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov
Magomedov


title: Rashid Magomedov

texts:
 <mask> faced Rodrigo Damm on May 31, 2014 at The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 3 Finale. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Elias Silvério on December 20, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 58. After winning the first two rounds, he won the fight via TKO in the third round after dropping Silvério with a stiff left hook and following up with punches, becoming the first man to beat Silvério. <mask> faced Gilbert Burns at UFC Fight Night 77 on November 7, 2015.He dominated the three rounds and won via unanimous decision. <mask> was expected to face Chris Wade on May 8, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 87. However, <mask> pulled out of the bout on March 7 due to a knee injury. He was replaced by Rustam Khabilov. <mask> faced Beneil Dariush on November 5, 2016 at The Ultimate Fighter Latin America 3 Finale. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Bobby Green on April 15, 2017 at UFC on Fox 24.He won the fight via split decision. Professional Fighters League

PFL Season 2018
On August 20, 2017 it was reported <mask> had parted ways with the UFC as the two sides had failed to renegotiate a contract. He signed with the Professional Fighters League (PFL) and took part in the promotion's Lightweight Grand Prix. In his first fight in the tournament, <mask> faced Luiz Firmino on August 2, 2018. He won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> then fought twice at PFL 9 on October 13, 2018. In the quarterfinals, he fought Will Brooks to a draw but advanced via first round tiebreaker.He then faced Thiago Tavares in the semifinals and won via TKO in the second round. <mask> then faced Natan Schulte in the finals at PFL 11 on December 31, 2018.

masks: Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov


title: Rashid Magomedov

texts:
 He lost the back-and-forth bout by unanimous decision. PFL Sesason 2019
<mask> started the regular season against Loik Radzhabov at PFL 2 on May 23, 2019. He won the fight via unanimous decision. In the second regular season bout he faced Nate Andrews at PFL 5 on July 25, 2019. He lost the fight via unanimous decision but advanced to playoffs.In the first playoff fight, <mask> faced Akhmed Aliev at PFL 8 on October 17, 2019. He lost the fight via unanimous decision and was eliminated from the season. Absolute Championship Akhmat
After two seasons in the PFL, <mask> signed a contract with the Absolute Championship Akhmat. He was initially expected to make his debut against Eduard Vartanyan at ACA 108 on August 8, 2020, but was forced to withdraw from the bout due to an injury. He made his promotional debut against Artiom Damkovsky at ACA 113 on November 6, 2020. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Mukhamed Kokov on March 26, 2021 at ACA 120: Oliveira vs. Bibulatov.He won a close bout via split decision. <mask> faced Alexander Sarnavskiy on September 24, 2021 at ACA 129: Sarnavskiy vs. <mask>. He lost the close bout via split decision. Championships and accomplishments

Mixed martial arts
M-1 Global
M-1 Global Welterweight Championship (One time)
Two successful title defenses

Sambo
Russian Combat Sambo Federation
Dagestan Combat Sambo Championships Runner-up. Hand-to-hand combat
Russian Union of Martial Arts
Russian National Champion of Army Hand-to-hand Combat. Russian Union of Martial Arts
Russian National Hand-to-hand Champion. Kickboxing
Russian Kickboxing Federation (RKF)
Russian Nationals 2006 - bronze medalist -

masks: Magomedov Magomedov Magomedov Rashid Rashid Magomedov


title: Albert O. Hirschman

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; April 7, 1915 – December 10, 2012) was an economist and the author of several books on political economy and political ideology. His first major contribution was in the area of development economics. Here he emphasized the need for unbalanced growth. He argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources, because developing countries are short of decision-making skills. Key to this was encouraging industries with many linkages to other firms. His later work was in political economy and there he advanced two schemata. The first describes the three basic possible responses to decline in firms or polities (quitting, speaking up, staying quiet) in Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970).The second describes the basic arguments made by conservatives (perversity, futility and jeopardy) in The Rhetoric of Reaction (1991). In World War II, he played a key role in rescuing refugees in occupied France. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in 1915 into an affluent Jewish family in Berlin, Germany, the son of <mask>, a surgeon and Hedwig Marcuse <mask>. He had a sister, <mask>. In 1932, he started studying at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, was active in the anti-fascist resistance and emigrated to Paris, continued at HEC Paris, the Sorbonne, the London School of Economics and the University of Trieste, where he received his doctorate in economics in 1938. In the summer of 1936, Hirschman spent three months as a volunteer fighting on behalf of the Spanish Republic in the Spanish Civil War. After

masks:
Albert Otto Hirschman
Otto Albert Hirschmann
Otto Albert
Hirschman
Carl Hirschmann
Hirschmann
Ursula Hirschmann


title: Albert O. Hirschman

texts:
 France surrendered to the Nazis, he worked with Varian Fry from the Emergency Rescue Committee to help many of Europe's leading artists and intellectuals to escape to the United States; Hirschman helped to lead them from occupied France to Spain through paths in the Pyrenees Mountains and then to Portugal.Those rescued included Marc Chagall, Hannah Arendt and Marcel Duchamp. Career
From 1941 to 1943 he was a Rockefeller Fellow at the University of California, Berkeley. He served in the United States Army (1943–1946) where he worked in the Office of Strategic Services, and served as the interpreter for the German general Anton Dostler at the first Allied war crimes trial. From 1946 to 1952 he was appointed Chief of the Western European and British Commonwealth Section of the Federal Reserve Board. From 1952 to 1954 he was a financial advisor to the National Planning Board of Colombia and the next 2 years made a living as a private economic counselor in Bogotá. Thereafter he held a succession of academic appointments in economics; from 1956 to 1958 at Yale University, from 1958 to 1964 at Columbia University, and for 10 years at Harvard University (1964–1974). He worked for the Institute for Advanced Study from 1974–2012 until his death.He died at the age of 97 on December 10, 2012, some months after the passing of his wife of over seventy years, <mask> (née Chapiro). Work
His first major contribution was in the area of development economics with the 1958 book The Strategy of Economic Development. Here he emphasized the need for unbalanced growth. He


title: Albert O. Hirschman

texts: argued that disequilibria should be encouraged to stimulate growth and help mobilize resources, because developing countries are short of decision-making skills. Key to this was encouraging industries with many linkages to other firms. He argued against "Big Push" approaches to development, such as those advocated by Paul Rosenstein-Rodan. In the 1960s, Hirschman praised the works of Peruvian intellectuals José Carlos Mariátegui and Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre, stating "paradoxically, the most ambitious attempt to theorize the revolution of Latin American society arose in a country that to date has experienced very little social change: I am talking about Peru and the writings of Haya de la Torre and Mariátegui".He helped develop the hiding hand principle in his 1967 essay The principle of the hiding hand,. His later work was in political economy, where he advanced two schemata. In Exit, Voice, and Loyalty (1970) he described the three basic possible responses to decline in firms or polities (quitting, speaking up, staying quiet). The second describes the basic arguments made by conservatives (perversity, futility and jeopardy) in The Rhetoric of Reaction (1991). In The Passions and the Interests <mask> recounts a history of the ideas laying the intellectual groundwork for capitalism. He describes how thinkers in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries embraced the sin of avarice as an important counterweight to humankind's destructive passions. Capitalism was promoted by thinkers including Montesquieu, Sir James Steuart, and Adam Smith as


title: Albert O. Hirschman

texts:
 repressing the passions for "harmless" commercial activities.Hirschman noted that terms including "vice" and "passion" gave way to "such bland terms" as "advantage" and "interest." Hirschman described it as the book he most enjoyed writing. According to Hirschman biographer Jeremy Adelman, it reflected Hirschman's political moderation, a challenge to reductive accounts of human nature by economists as a "utility-maximizing machine" as well as Marxian or communitarian "nostalgia for a world that was lost to consumer avarice." Herfindahl–Hirschman Index
In 1945, Hirschman proposed a market concentration index which was the square root of the sum of the squares of the market share of each participant in the market. In 1950, <mask> C. Herfindahl proposed a similar index (but without the square root), apparently unaware of the prior work. Thus, it is usually referred to as the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. Books

 1945.National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade 1980 expanded ed., Berkeley : University of California Press
 1955. Colombia; highlights of a developing economy. Bogotá: Banco de la Republica Press. 1958. The Strategy of Economic Development. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1961.Latin American issues; essays and comments New York: Twentieth Century Fund. 1963. Journeys toward Progress: Studies of Economic Policy-Making in Latin America. New York: Twentieth Century Fund
 1967. Development Projects Observed. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. (paper).1970. Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms,


title: Albert O. Hirschman

texts:
 Organizations, and States. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. (paper). 1971. A Bias for Hope: Essays on Development and Latin America. New Haven: Yale University Press.1977. The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments For Capitalism Before Its Triumph. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. .
 1980. National Power and the Structure of Foreign Trade. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1981. Essays in trespassing: economics to politics and beyond.Cambridge (Eng. ); New York: Cambridge University Press. 1982. Shifting involvements: private interest and public action. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 1984. Getting ahead collectively: grassroots experiences in Latin America (with photographs by Mitchell Denburg).New York: Pergamon Press
 1985. A bias for hope: essays on development and Latin America. Boulder: Westview Press. 1986. Rival views of market society and other recent essays. New York: Viking. 1991.The Rhetoric of Reaction: Perversity, Futility, Jeopardy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. (cloth) and  (paper). 1995. A propensity to self-subversion. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 1998.Crossing boundaries: selected writings. New York: Zone Books; Cambridge, Massachusetts: Distributed by the MIT Press. 2013. Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of <mask>. Hirschman  by Jeremy Adelman. . Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ (2013)
 2013 The Essential Hirschman edited by Jeremy Adelman (Princeton University Press) 384 pages; 16


title: Albert O. Hirschman

texts:
 Human Rights Violations: Exit, Voice, or Business as Usual." Human Rights Quarterly 6, no. 1 (February 1984): 21–26. "The Political Economy of Latin American Development: Seven Exercises in Retrospection."Latin American Research Review 22, no. 3 (1987): 7–36. "Exit, Voice, and the Fate of the German Democratic Republic: An Essay in Conceptual History." World Politics 45, no. 2 (January 1993): 173–202. "Social Conflicts as Pillars of Democratic Market Society." Political Theory 22, no.2 (May 1994): 203–218. Awards
In 2001, Hirschman was named among the top 100 American intellectuals, as measured by academic citations, in Richard Posner's book, Public Intellectuals: A Study of Decline. In 2003, he won the Benjamin E. Lippincott Award from the American Political Science Association to recognize a work of exceptional quality by a living political theorist for his book The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before Its Triumph. In 2007, the Social Science Research Council established an annual prize in honor of Hirschman. See also

Economic development
Hirschman cycle
Exit, Voice, and Loyalty Model
Latin American studies
Fernando Henrique Cardoso
Guillermo O'Donnell
Philippe C. Schmitter

References
Citations

Sources

Further reading

 Michele Alacevich. 2021. <mask><mask>: An Intellectual Biography.Columbia University Press. Jeremy Adelman. 2013. Worldly Philosopher: The Odyssey of <mask>. Hirschman. Princeton University Press

External links

 <mask> Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University
 The

masks:
Albert O
. Hirschman
Albert O
Albert Hirschman


title: Albert O. Hirschman

texts:
 New York Review of Books Bibliography
 Amherst Commencement Recognition
 <mask>. Hirschman Prize and Lecture
 Obituary from the Institute for Advanced Study
 "A great lateral thinker died on December 10th" The Economist 2012. Michael Laver. "Exit, Voice, and Loyalty revisited: The Strategic Production and Consumption of Public and Private Goods," British Journal of Political Science.Vol. 6. (Oct. 1976). pp. 463–482. 1915 births
2012 deaths
21st-century American economists
20th-century American economists
Development economists
University of Paris alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin alumni
German emigrants to the United States
Institute for Advanced Study faculty
Latin Americanists
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Harvard University faculty
Columbia University faculty
Alumni of the London School of Economics
American humanitarians
American people of German-Jewish descent
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
University of Trieste alumni
Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni
International Brigades personnel
Jewish American academics
Jewish scholars
Distinguished Fellows of the American Economic Association
Social Science Research Council
21st-century American


title: Edmund de Unger

texts:
<mask> (, 6 August 1918, Budapest – 25 January 2011, Ham, Surrey) was a Hungarian-born property developer and art collector. In London he built up the Keir Collection, one of the greatest post-war collections of Islamic art,  bequeathed in 2008 to the Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art in Berlin. The arrangement for the museum to curate the collection came to an end in July 2012. The collection is now hosted by the Dallas Museum of Art as of May 2014 for a 15-year renewable loan. Life

<mask> was born in Budapest into a family linked with the art world. His father was a private collector of carpets and another relative was the architect who designed the Hungarian National Museum. After going to London in 1934 to learn English, he studied economics at Kiel Institute for the World Economy, law at the University of Budapest and history at Hertford College, Oxford.Returning to Hungary before the outbreak of World War II, in 1945 he married Eva Spicht, one of 22 Jewish refugees whom he had taken in during the Battle of Budapest. After the war he restored and ran the Astoria Hotel in Budapest, until it was requisitioned by the communist regime in 1948. In 1949 <mask>, following a series of arrests in Hungary, moved permanently to England, working first as a manservant. After further training, he entered the legal profession as a barrister. He later worked as Crown Counsel in Ghana for the Colonial Office. The period in West Africa permitted visits to Egypt, where he developed an interest in Coptic and Islamic art. On returning to England, <mask> became a property developer, which provided him with the means to build up his post-war art collection, which he named the "Keir Collection", after one of his first homes The Keir on Wimbledon Common in London.In 1965, following the death of his first wife Eva in 1959, he married Elizabeth Allen, with whom he had two sons, Richard and Glen. The ever-increasing Keir Collection was moved in the late 1960s to his house in Ham, Surrey. The collection, which started in his youth with carpets, gradually grew to

masks:
Edmund Robert Anthony de Unger
Edmund de Unger
de Unger
de Unger


title: Edmund de Unger

texts:
 include ceramics, in particular rare items of lustreware  from Mesopotamia, Persian and Moghul miniatures, medieval and Renaissance enamels, sculptures, and textiles from Italy and France (including the medieval enamels collection of Ernst and Martha Kofler-Truniger). Widely knowledgeable on the area in which he collected, <mask> founded the Islamic Art Circle in 1964 and lectured frequently on his expertise all over the world. Keir Collection

Carpets and textiles
"My love of Islamic art began with carpets. I first became aware of them at the age of six, when my father Richard told me not to walk on them. [...] My father was a rather solitary person and, seeing my interest, he must have been pleased.He took me to museums, and by the age of nine I was quite a good companion to him in the salesrooms. [...] After the war and my departure from my homeland I was once again able to continue the collecting of what my fellow Oxford undergraduates had called "moth-eaten rags". Slowly, not only the floors but also the walls of my home became covered with new acquisitions." The majority of carpets that form the core of the Keir Collection remain in the 18th century Manor House on Ham Street in Richmond, London, which was <mask>'s home up to his death in 2011. A small but representative portion of classical oriental carpets from Persia, Turkey and Mughal India are on display in the Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art. His passion for collecting carpets soon led <mask> to diversify into fine textiles, starting in 1961 with the acquisition of Persian embroidery in Paris. He started collecting decorative silk, velvet and brocade fabrics, with elaborate designs resembling those in the carpets.There provenance included the Persian, Ottoman and Mughal empires, with Safavid silks forming the nucleus of his collection. It incorporates parts of the older textile collections of Joseph V. McMullan and Hagop Kevorkian. With Werner Abegg as mentor <mask> moved on to mediaeval and Renaissance woven cloth from Europe, particularly Italy and Spain, and in number these

masks:
de Unger
de Unger
de Unger
de Unger


title: Edmund de Unger

texts:
 items dominate the collection. Ceramics
"The end came when I observed every carpet on the floor was covered by at least two other layers. I realized it could not go on. It was at that moment that I had my first encounter with Islamic ceramics. Just like their woven counterparts these have the same combination of warmth of colour, delicacy and boldness of design.Above all, I admire the lustre ware which to my mind is the greatest gift the Islamic potter has made to mankind." <mask>'s extensive collection of Islamic ceramics contains important examples from the mediaeval period, from the 8th to the 13th century. Some of the most prized items are of gold lustreware, a technique that originated and was perfected in Iraq. These skills were passed on to artisans in Fatimid Egypt and Kashan in Persia. The Persian lustreware tiles provide examples of figurative representations in Islamic art prior to the Mongol period. Rock crystal

Rock crystal artefacts flourished during the Fatimid period in Egypt (969-1171). Because of the difficulty of working with the very hard medium, only the caliph and his immediate court could afford these objets d'art, which varied in size from small animal forms to large vessels.In 1068, however, the large collection of treasures in the Caliph's palace in al-Qahira (now part of modern-day Cairo) was dispersed throughout the medieval world as the result of a revolt by the unpaid army. Very few items from the reportedly large collection survive. Several of these rare sculpted rock crystals came to form parts of reliquaries in Medieval church treasuries, in mountings made for gold and precious stones. <mask> acquired several rock crystal pieces from this period for his collection including a fine vessel decorated with palmettes, set in an elaborate gold casing with handles formed of foliage and winged dragons. Other smaller items in the collection include several bottles, possibly intended for dispensing scent, and a bead in the form of a crouching hare, possibly intended as a charm. In October 2008 an 11th-century

masks:
De Unger
De Unger


title: Edmund de Unger

texts:
 Fatimid rock crystal ewer was acquired for the Keir Collection at a public auction in Christie's by <mask>'s son, Richard, for over £3 million. Set in a medieval Italian gold and enamel mount, the ewer had earlier in the year been offered for auction in Somerset as a nineteenth-century French claret decanter with an estimated price of between £100 and £200.Islamic art experts present at the auction recognized the rarity of the artifact, which sold for just over £200,000. Subsequently the owner withdrew the object from sale, placing it for auction at Christie's, who gave an evaluation with a starting price of £3 million, expecting a higher price, despite the financial crisis at the time. When <mask> requested an export order so that the ewer could go on display in Berlin, the UK government sought its own evaluation from Sotheby's, who returned a figure of £20 million, beyond the means of any public British art collection. With a change of government, Sotheby's figure was accepted and the ewer, one of only a very small number of surviving rock glass vessels of this type, is now on display in the Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art. Islamic art of the book
"As a child, one of my favourite books was the Arabian Nights, and its colourful descriptions and rich imaginative quality must have left a mark on me. The first Oriental miniature I consciously looked at was at the Musée d'Arts décoratifs in Paris [...] It was this painting that prompted me to buy my first book on Persian miniatures." As  stated at the start of his evaluation of <mask>'s extensive collection of Islamic illuminated manuscripts, "A series of magnificent exhibitions of Islamic manuscript art and calligraphy has recently shown splendid masterpieces from several regions of the Orient and revealed the stereotype of Islam's hostility towards illustration and the "substitute art" of calligraphy as nothing more than absurd."The collection of <mask>, although containing many examples of medieval calligraphy, particularly Korans, has an even larger number of illuminated figurative


title: Edmund de Unger

texts:
 manuscripts. The calligraphic manuscripts in the Keir Collection were produced by some of the most accomplished artists of the period from across the entire Islamic world. With intricate designs in luxurious gold and blue or polychrome, these date from the twelfth to the fifteenth century and originate from Syria, Spain, North Africa (particularly Mamluk Egypt), Iraq, Iran and India. The miniature paintings on detached folios, which form the bulk of <mask>'s collection, contain illustrations of Persian epic poems, including the celebrated Shahnameh, the "Book of Kings", of Firdausi and the Khamsa of Nizami. The figurative illuminated manuscripts cover the period from the early 14th century to the early 17th century and again range across the whole Islamic world, from Turkey to Mughal India. In addition to folios from illuminated manuscripts, <mask> collected examples of Islamic bookbinding, one of the most highly developed skills in the Islamic world. His collection includes Persian leather bindings, some polychromatic, embossed with highly ornamental designs in gold.There are also examples of bookbindings with flap, some with elaborate miniature lacquerwork painting either on leather or on a papier-mâché base. Metalwork

"I believe that no collection of Islamic art can be complete without metalwork [...] It tells us a great deal about the art of Islam, the inscriptions found on the metalware contributing significantly to the history of the subject. I recognize in Islamic metalwork that intrinsic quality which is the result of first-class workmanship." The creation of finely wrought metalware, in gold, silver and copper alloys, was from the outset one of the most highly developed skills in Islamic art. The artefacts were produced for the whole range of society from the courtly elite to the merchant class. The Keir Collection reflects this diversity. Amongst the most precious objects are enamel and gold jewelry and engraved silverware; other household objects include engraved bronze ewers, jugs, perfume bottles, aquamaniles, incense

masks:
de Unger
de Unger


title: Edmund de Unger

texts:
 burners and candlesticks from all over the Islamic world, from the 8th to the 16th century.Medieval enamels
The collection of medieval and Renaissance enamels of Ernst and Martha Kofler-Truninger was purchased by <mask> in two parts in 1970 and 1971. It remained in the Keir Collection until 1997, when the bulk of the collection was auctioned at Sotheby's with a pre-sale estimate of $25 million that was not realised, with some items remaining unsold or withdrawn. Notes

References
 , distributed by Chicago University Press

External links
 A Collector's Fortune. Islamic Art Masterpieces of the Keir Collection, Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art
 Photograph of a 12th-century Fatimid bronze lion aquamanile with spout, Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art
 Images of artefacts from the Keir Collection:
Fatimid rock crystal bead in form of hare
Early 11th century Fatimid rock crystal oval bottle
13th century Homberg brass and silver ewer from Northern Iraq
13th century gold, silver and brass part of window grille from Western Iran
Early 13th century silver bowl from Western Iran
Early 9th century bronze ewer, decorated with dolphins, hares and palmettes, from Iraq
Video showing details of three Fatimid rock crystal ewers on display in the Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art
Object is light and stone, article in German on the Fatimid rock crystal ewer, Museumsjournal 2011, Stefan Weber, director of Pergamon Museum of Islamic Art. Early 20th-century views of the entrance and garden of the Manor House in Ham, Surrey (a grade II* listed building), from the English Heritage Archive
Report on auction of Medieval artefacts in the Keir Collection, The New York Times, 1997. Second report on auction, The New York Times, 1997. The Virgin of the Battles, one of the medieval Limoges sculptures from the Keir Collection auctioned in 1997, now in Museo de Burgos
The Madrid Chasse, one of the Medieval artefacts from the Keir collection auctioned in 1997, now in the Art Gallery of Ontario

1918 births
2011 deaths
Hungarian art collectors
Islamic art
Hungarian emigrants to


title: Axel Honneth

texts:
<mask> (; ; born 18 July 1949) is a German philosopher who is the Professor for Social Philosophy at Goethe University Frankfurt and the Jack B. Weinstein Professor of the Humanities in the department of philosophy at Columbia University. He was also director of the Institut für Sozialforschung (Institute for Social Research) in Frankfurt am Main, Germany between 2001 and 2018. Biography
<mask> was born in Essen, West Germany on 18 July 1949, studied in Bonn, Bochum, Berlin and Munich (under Jürgen Habermas), and taught at the Free University of Berlin and the New School before moving to the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University of Frankfurt in 1996. He also held the Spinoza Chair of Philosophy at the University of Amsterdam in 1999. Between 2001 and 2018 he was director of the Institute for Social Research, originally home to the so-called Frankfurt School, at the University of Frankfurt. Since 2011, he is also Jack B. Weinstein Professor of the Humanities at the department of philosophy at Columbia University in the City of New York. Research
Honneth's work focuses on social-political and moral philosophy, especially relations of power, recognition, and respect.One of his core arguments is for the priority of intersubjective relationships of recognition in understanding social relations. This includes non- and mis-recognition as a basis of social and interpersonal conflict. For instance, grievances regarding the distribution of goods in society are ultimately struggles for recognition. His first main work The Critique of Power: Reflective Stages in a Critical Social Theory explores the affinities between the Frankfurt School and Michel Foucault. In his second main work The Struggle for Recognition: Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts, the

masks:
Axel Honneth
Honneth


title: Axel Honneth

texts:
 translated into English
 Social Action and Human Nature, co-authored with Hans Joas (Cambridge University Press, 1988 [1980]).The Critique of Power: Reflective Stages in a Critical Social Theory (MIT Press, 1991 [1985]). The Fragmented World of the Social: Essays in Social and Political Philosophy (SUNY Press, 1995 [1990]). The Struggle for Recognition: The Moral Grammar of Social Conflicts (Polity Press, 1995 [1992]). Redistribution or Recognition? : A Political-Philosophical Exchange, co-authored with Nancy Fraser (Verso, 2003). Reification: A Recognition-Theoretical View (Oxford University Press, 2007). Disrespect: The Normative Foundations of Critical Theory (Polity Press, 2007 [2000]).Pathologies of Reason: On the Legacy of Critical Theory (2009). The Pathologies of Individual Freedom: Hegel's Social Theory (2010). The I in We: Studies in the Theory of Recognition (2012). Freedom's Right (2014). The Idea of Socialism (2016). See also

 Critical theory
 Recognition (sociology)
 Social exclusion
 Charles Taylor (philosopher)

References

Further reading
Bert van den Brink and David Owen, Recognition and Power: <mask> and the Tradition of Critical Social Theory (Cambridge University Press, 2007). Deranty, Jean-Philippe, Beyond Communication: A Critical Study of <mask>'s Social Philosophy (Brill, 2009).Iser, Matthias, Empörung und Fortschritt. Grundlagen einer Kritischen Theorie der Gesellschaft (Campus, 2008). Schmidt-am-Busch, Hans-Christoph and Zurn, Christopher (eds), The Philosophy of Recognition. Historical and Contemporary Perspectives (Lexington Books, 2009)
Thompson, Simon, The Political Theory of Recognition. A Critical Introduction (Polity, 2006). Huttunen, Rauno, Habermas, Honneth and Education (Lambert Academic Publishing

masks:
Axel Honneth
Axel Honneth


title: Axel Honneth

texts:
 2009). External links

 Tanner Lecture on Reification, 2005
 2006 Program of Research: Paradoxes of Capitalist Modernization
 Joel Anderson's Introduction to The Struggle for Recognition.Honneth in London <mask> in conversation with Peter Dews, 2007
 Homepages of <mask>h at the University of Frankfurt  and the Institute for Social Research. 2007 Talks by Honneth
 "Patterns of Intersubjective Recognition: Love, Rights, and Solidarity" by Honneth
 "Social Criticism in the Age of the Normalized Intellectual"
 Chapter 1, The Pathologies of Individual Freedom: Hegel's Social Theory (2010)
 Recognition Forum (Research on recognition theory, bibliographies, theses, events, forum)
 Interview with <mask>, Barcelona Metropolis, num. 78, Spring, 2010. Interview with Honneth for the Platypus Review 59 (September, 2013)
 Publications by <mask>h in WorldCat

1949 births
20th-century essayists
20th-century German male writers
20th-century German non-fiction writers
20th-century German philosophers
21st-century essayists
21st-century German male writers
21st-century German non-fiction writers
21st-century German philosophers
Columbia University faculty
Continental philosophers
Critical theorists
Frankfurt School
Free University of Berlin faculty
German ethicists
German male essayists
German male non-fiction writers
German political philosophers
German sociologists
Goethe University Frankfurt faculty
Living people
Moral philosophers
The New School faculty
Philosophers of culture
Philosophers of economics
Philosophers of ethics and morality
Philosophers of history
Philosophers of social science
Philosophy academics
Philosophy writers
Social philosophers
University of Bonn alumni
University of Konstanz faculty
Writers about activism and social

masks:
Axel Honneth
Axel Honnet
Axel Honneth
Axel Honnet


title: Lindsey Horan

texts:
<mask> (born May 26, 1994) is an American professional soccer player for Olympique Lyonnais Féminin on loan from Portland Thorns FC. She previously played for the Portland Thorns FC of the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), the highest division of women's professional soccer in the United States, and the United States women's national soccer team. In 2018, she was named NWSL MVP. Horan was a leading player for the Thorns during their 2017 championship season, scoring the winning goal in the championship game, and before that was a prolific scorer for Paris Saint-Germain FC, scoring 46 goals in 58 appearances. She was the leading scorer for the United States U-17 team at the 2010 CONCACAF U-17 Women's Championship. Early life
Horan was born May 26, 1994 and grew up in Golden, Colorado near Denver. Although she attended Golden High School, she did not play soccer for the school.Instead, she played club soccer with the Colorado Rush. She first started playing for the Colorado Edge during the U-11 tryouts. In March, when Horan was 15 years old and was one of the youngest players on the United States under-17 women's national team, she scored 12 goals in nine games (a team best) leading up to the North American/Central American/Caribbean U-17 tournament in Costa Rica. During her sophomore year at Golden, she was named to the Parade Magazine High School All-American team although she didn't play high school soccer. In 2012, Horan was named the top-ranked college prospect by ESPN. Although she had a scholarship to play for North Carolina, Horan bypassed her college career and signed with French club Paris


title: Lindsey Horan

texts: leading scorer for the team at the 2010 CONCACAF Women's U-17 Championship. She helped the United States women's national under-20 soccer team win the 2012 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship in March by scoring four goals, including a hat trick against Guatemala in the group stage.<mask> was unable to play in the 2012 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup because of a knee injury that required surgery. In February 2013, at the age of eighteen, she was named to the senior team roster for the 2013 Algarve Cup. She earned her first cap for the senior team during a group stage match against China at the Algarve on March 8, 2013. Horan was called up to the senior roster near the end of 2015, and scored her first goal for the senior team during a 'Woman of the Match' performance against Trinidad & Tobago in December 2015. She is on the roster for the 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship and started the opening group stage match against Costa Rica in central midfield. While Horan played successfully as a striker during her time at PSG, with 46 goals in 56 appearances, she played in central midfield after her return to the national team in 2016. Horan was called up for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, scoring her first World Cup goal in the opening game against Thailand on 11 June.On January 31, 2020, she scored her first career hat-trick against Panama in the 2020 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship in addition to assisting goals scored by Lynn Williams and Tobin Heath. On 24 July 2021, Horan played her 100th match for USWNT, and scored a goal in a 6–1 win over New Zealand in the 2020 Summer


title: Jim Tully

texts:
<mask> (June 3, 1886 – June 22, 1947) was a vagabond, pugilist, and American writer. He enjoyed critical and commercial success as a writer in the 1920s and 1930s. Biography
Born near St. Marys, Ohio, to James Dennis and <mask>, an Irish immigrant ditch-digger and his wife, Tully enjoyed a relatively happy but impoverished childhood until the death of his mother in 1892. Unable to care for him, his father sent him to an orphanage in Cincinnati. He remained there for six years. What further education he acquired came in the hobo camps, boxcars, railroad yards, and public libraries scattered across the country. Finally, weary of the road, he arrived in Kent, Ohio, where he worked as a chain maker, professional boxer, and tree surgeon.He also began to write, mostly poetry published in the local newspapers. He moved to Hollywood in 1912, when he began writing in earnest. His literary career took two distinct paths. He became one of the first reporters to cover Hollywood. As a free-lancer he was not constrained by the studios and wrote about Hollywood celebrities (including Charlie Chaplin, for whom he had worked) in ways that they did not always find agreeable. For these pieces, rather tame by current standards, he became known as the most-hated man in Hollywood—a title he relished. Less lucrative but closer to his heart were the books he wrote about his life on the road and the American underclass.He also wrote an affectionate memoir of his childhood with his

masks:
Jim Tully
Bridget Marie Lawler Tully


title: Jim Tully

texts:
 extended Irish family, as well as novels on prostitution, boxing, Hollywood, and a travel book. While some of the more graphic books ran afoul of the censors, they also garnered both commercial success and critical acclaim from, among others, H. L. Mencken, George Jean Nathan, and Rupert Hughes, who wrote that <mask> "has fathered the school of hard-boiled writing so zealously cultivated by Ernest Hemingway and lesser luminaries." Beggars of Life, a silent film starring Louise Brooks based on <mask>'s memoir of the same name and its play adaptation, Outside Looking In, by Maxwell Anderson, was released in 1928. Marriage and children

<mask> married Florence May Bushnell on October 14, 1910, in Kent, Ohio. They had two children together: T. Alton <mask>, born August 3, 1911, in Kent and daughter Trilby Jean Tully born November 13, 1918, in California. <mask> later had two additional marriages, to Marna, Margaret Rider Myers in 1925, and finally to Myrtle Zwetow on June 28, 1933, in Ventura, California. Works

Autobiography
 Beggars of Life (1924) (New York: Albert & Charles Boni)
 Circus Parade (1927) (New York: Albert & Charles Boni)
 A Man of the New School (1931) (Cincinnati: Greater Hotel Gibson in Cincinnati)

Novels
 Emmett Lawler (1922) (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, Inc.)
 Jarnegan (1926) (New York: Albert & Charles Boni)
 Shanty Irish (1928) (New York: Albert & Charles Boni)
 Shadows of Men (1930) (New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company)

masks: Tully Tully Tully Tully Tully


title: Jim Tully

texts:
 Blood on the Moon (1931) (New York: Coward-McCann, Inc.)
 Laughter in Hell (1932) (New York: Albert & Charles Boni)
 Ladies in the Parlor (1935) (New York: Greenberg: Publisher)
 The Bruiser (1936) (New York: Greenberg: Publisher)
 Biddy Brogan’s Boy (1942) (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons)

Travel
 Beggars Abroad (1930) (New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company)

Profiles
 A Dozen and One (1943) (Hollywood: Murray & Gee).CONTENTS: Introduction / Damon Runyon. -- Charlie Chaplin—Clark Gable—Jack Dempsey—Diego Rivera—George Jean Nathan—Wilson Mizner—<mask>—Arnold Bennett—Tod Sloan—Paul Bern—Walter Winchell—Henry Armstrong—H.L. Mencken. Plays
 Black Boy w/ Frank Dazey (1926) play
 Twenty Below w/ Robert Nichols (1927) play (London: Robert Holden & Co. Ltd.)

Articles
 "Are Americans People?" The Story World and Photodramatist, May 1923. "Speaking of Men—! Bill Hart, Sid Grauman & Sig Haugdahl," Triple-X Magazine, October 1924."Whales to Starboard!" Triple-X Magazine, January 1925. "The Three Gamblers," Photoplay, January 1925. "The Man Who Found Himself," Photoplay, February 1925. "On the Banks of the Wabash," Photoplay, May 1925. "The Extra Pirate," Photoplay, August 1925. "The Girl with the Broken Ankle," Photoplay, August 1925."Can Dempsey Still Fight?" Liberty, August 22, 1925. "The Lad Who Ran Away," Photoplay, September 1925. "The Girl Who Kept Step," Photoplay, January 1926. "A Top Rider," Photoplay, January 1926. "Passing Strangers," Liberty, September


title: Jim Tully

texts:
 11, 1926. "Owen, Tom, Matt and Joe," Photoplay, October 1925."A Modern Samaritan," Photoplay, November 1925. "Writers I Have Known," Markets and Methods for Writers, April 1927. "Aimee Semple McPherson," Liberty, January 12, 1929. "The Failure of Jack London," Markets and Methods for Writers, March 1929. "Two Thousand Rejection Slips," Markets and Methods for Writers, March 1930. "My Writing Creed," Writer’s 1931 Year Book. "Ex-Follies Girl," The Illustrated Love Magazine, March 1932."The Girl Who Lied," The Illustrated Love Magazine, August 1932. "The Clown Who Juggled Apples" (W. C. Fields), Photoplay, January 1934. "Warner Baxter—And Women," Movie Classic, January 1936. "Today’s Greatest Prizefighter," Liberty, April 2, 1938. "The Bruiser," Jack Dempsey’s Sports Magazine, May 1938. Poetry
 "The Dying Hobo," Esquire, April 1937. References

 Starr Dailey, "Cincy Red," Writers’ Markets and Methods, July 1935, pp 16-17.<mask> Papers (Collection 250). Department of Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles
 California Death Index 1940-1997
 Bauer, Paul and Mark Dawidziak. <mask>: American Writer, Irish Rover, Hollywood Brawler (Kent, OH: The Kent State University Press, 2011)

External links

 UCLA Library's inventory of The <mask> papers

1886 births
1947 deaths
People from Kent, Ohio
Hoboes
Writers from Ohio
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
People from St. Mary's, Ohio
20th-century American

masks:
Jim Tully
Jim Tully
Jim Tully


title: Richard S. Hunter

texts:
<mask> (1909–1991) was a pioneering American color scientist and founder of Hunter Associates Laboratory (HunterLab). He is best known as the inventor in 1942 of the Hunter L,a,b color measurement system the precursor to the CIELAB color space. <mask> was awarded the David Richardson Medal in 1971. Biography

<mask> was born in Washington, DC on October 25, 1909 and lived his entire life in northern Virginia. He graduated from the former McKinley Technical High School in Washington, DC in 1927 and later that summer took the US Civil Service exam. He was offered employment in December 1927 as a "minor Laboratory apprentice" in the colorimetry section of what was then the National Bureau of Standards (now National Institute of Standards and Technology), working with pioneers in the color measurement field like Irwin Priest and Drs. Deane B. Judd and Kason S. Gibson, to define the human eye's response to color.At night he attended The George Washington University and, after additional studies at Johns Hopkins and MIT, he graduated from GWU in 1937. In 1931, after work done by NBS and other organizations around the world, The International Commission on Illumination (abbreviated CIE for its French name, Commission internationale de l'éclairage) adopted the Y,X,Z color space to numerically define the human eye's, three dimensional response to color. Expressed as three numbers between zero and about 110 for Y and X, and 175 for Z, it was difficult for a layperson to comprehend. In the late 1930s <mask> developed a mathematical transformation of X,Y,Z, to the Hunter α, β scale, (published in NBS Circular C429, July 30, 1942) which evolved in 1948 into the Rd, a, b, scale and became the now familiar Hunter L,a,b scale in 1958. The L,a,b color scale ("L" for lightness, zero to 100, "a" for red-green, roughly +50 to -50, and "b" for blue-yellow, again roughly -50 to +50) is much easier for a non-scientist to

masks:
Richard Sewall Hunter
Hunter
Richard Hunter
Richard


title: Richard S. Hunter

texts: visualize and continues to be widely used by industry throughout the world today. He also designed the tristimulus colorimeter instrument to make the scale easily usable by industry. In 1946, after WW II work on, among other things, aimable signaling mirrors (for aircraft survival kits, the previous ones had no way for the user to see where the flash was going, his design was included in the Apollo moon landing survival kits) and aerial flares, he left the Bureau to join Gardner Laboratories where he had previously worked part-time, after hours designing many commercial instruments for the measurement of color and appearance.Roughly 6 years later, in August 1952, he resigned from Gardner and October 1 opened Hunter Associates Laboratory, universally known as HunterLab (he used the L,a,b scale in the name) October 1, 1952. HunterLab’s beginnings were very modest – just <mask> and 2 technicians working in 4 rooms on the second floor of his boyhood home (which was next door to his house) in the woods in what is now McLean, VA.  Several months later his wife, Elizabeth, joined the company to take care of administration and finance (while the family German Shepherd slept on the front porch). His first contracts were for consulting and testing projects, for example, measuring the appearance of roofing granules for Funkhouser Co. These projects soon led to requests for an instrument to implement his work. In 1954 he developed a tubiditimeter for measuring the amount of wood fiber in paper mill wastewater and a yellowness meter for measuring the vitamin A content of milk. Over the years he designed instruments to help USDA score tomato puree for Grade A rating, a citrus colorimeter for grading frozen orange juice for the Florida Citrus Commission, gloss meters, a distinctness of image meter, an on-line colorimeter, and many other color and appearance measuring instruments. The most successful was the 25th


title: Richard S. Hunter

texts: development project, undertaken in 1957 for the Procter & Gamble Company who didn't want the Crisco they were measuring to melt and run into the instrument as was happening with their then current unit.After evaluating the prototype D25 Tristimulus Colorimeter, P&G ordered 26. Over the next 30 years more than 5,000 D25s were sold before it was superseded in 1987 by the spectrophotometric based LabScan. When P&G ordered their 26 units, HunterLab added manufacturing to its consulting, testing and education mission and this stimulated growth over the following years. To accommodate that growth, in 1965 the company moved to a larger building in Fairfax, VA and then Reston, VA in 1979 where it continues to manage its worldwide presence today. <mask> had a long list of achievements during a career that spanned over 60 years. In addition to conceiving the L,a,b color scale and its companion Delta E (color difference) scale, he authored the textbook, The Measurement of Color and Appearance, published in 1975 (revised with <mask> in 1987). He was an active member of many organizations, including American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM); The Optical Society of America (OSA); The Inter Society Color Council (ISCC), Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) and the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology to name a few.He chaired numerous committees and served as President and board member of the ISCC from 1972 to 1974. He received the first of the 16 patents bearing his name in January 1935 (then representing Gardner Laboratory) for a "Gloss Measuring Device". His last patent was issued in December 1972. In the mid 1970s the Congress created the Employee Stock Ownership Program (ESOP) as a retirement program that allowed a company to buy its own stock and give it to the ESOP (which held it for the employees until they retired). As the term “Associates” in Hunter Associates Laboratory

masks:
Richard Hunter
Richard Harold


title: Richard S. Hunter

texts:
 implies, Mr. <mask> had the vision that the employees should have a stake in the company but, prior to the ESOP being added to the tax code, there was no practical way to do this. Taking advantage of the new program, he created the HunterLab ESOP in 1977. In 2015 HunterLab acquired the last of the outstanding shares and is now 100% employee owned.In 1982 Mr. <mask> began work on the ASTM publication - Compilation of Color and Appearance Standards. The first edition was published in 1984, a second in 1987. He was reviewing the nearly final draft of the Third Edition in December 1990, just before he died. His awards and recognitions include the ISCC Godlove Award ('91 posthumously); The ASTM Award of Merit (1961); ASTM Fellow; The Bruning Award of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology (1962);The Richardson Award from the Optical Society of America (1970); A Fellow of OSA; The ISCC Macbeth Award (1976). The ASTM Executive Subcommittee of Committee E12 on Color and Appearance created the Richard S. <mask> Award to honor and recognize those individuals who exemplify the personal and professional characteristics displayed by Mr. <mask>. Typifying his lifelong interest in education, in 1982 <mask> and <mask> made a gift to the Rochester Institute of Technology to establish the <mask> S. <mask> Professorship of Color Science, Appearance and Technology. The chair is currently held by Dr. Roy Berns.He died on January 16, 1991 at Arlington Hospital from complications related to Parkinson's Disease. <mask> was a pioneering member of the team that defined color and figured out how to measure it. Today HunterLab, a 100% Employee Owned company, continues his legacy of satisfying the customer while developing new technologies to successfully solve emerging color and appearance problems. This is the reason HunterLab has been a leader in the color business for nearly 70 years. References

Optical

masks:
Hunter
Hunter
Hunter
Richard Hunter
Richard
Elizabeth Hunter
Richard
Hunter
Richard Hunter


title: Frank Hamer

texts:
<mask> (March 17, 1884 – July 10, 1955) was an American law enforcement officer and Texas Ranger who led the 1934 posse that tracked down and killed criminals Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow. Renowned for his toughness, marksmanship, and investigative skill, he acquired status in the Southwest as the archetypal Texas Ranger. Hamer also led the fight in Texas against the Ku Klux Klan, starting in 1922, as senior captain of the Texas Rangers, and he is believed to have saved at least 15 people from lynch mobs. He was inducted into the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame. His professional record and reputation are controversial, particularly with regard to his willingness to use extrajudicial killing even in an increasingly modernized society. Hamer has been described by biographer John Boessenecker as "one of the greatest American lawmen of the twentieth century". Early years
<mask>er was born in 1884 in Fairview, Wilson County, Texas, where his father operated a blacksmith shop.Growing up in a devoutly Presbyterian family, he was one of five sons, four of whom became Texas Rangers. He grew up on the Welch ranch in San Saba County, and later spent time in Oxford, Llano County, which is now a ghost town; he later joked about being the only "Oxford-educated Ranger". Although his formal education ended after the sixth grade, as a youth he displayed several unusual abilities, including an extremely high level of intelligence and a near eidetic memory. He excelled at mathematics and developed a deep interest in history, particularly that of the

masks:
Francis Augustus Hamer
Frank Ham


title: Frank Hamer

texts:
 death
In 1953, <mask>er suffered a heat stroke; he lived two more years but never regained his health. He was buried near his son Billy in Memorial Park Cemetery in Austin. He was wounded 17 times during his life and left for dead four times. He is credited with having killed between 53 and 70 people. Popular culture

In the 1967 film Bonnie and Clyde, Hamer is portrayed by Denver Pyle.He is depicted as incompetent, while the Barrow gang is shown capturing, teasing, and humiliating him. The ambush at the end of the film is suggested as his personal revenge. After the film's release, his widow Gladys and son <mask>. sued Warner Bros.-Seven Arts for defamation of character. In 1971, they received an undisclosed out-of-court settlement. Kevin Costner portrays Hamer in the 2019 Netflix original film The Highwaymen, which was released to theaters for a short run and began streaming in March 2019. Woody Harrelson plays Maney Gault. Ken Farmer also played Texas Ranger <mask> in the movie, "The Newton Boys".Chris Mulkey portrays Hamer in Timeless (TV series)

See also

Red Lopez – outlaw pursued by Hamer

Notes

References

Bibliography
Boessenecker, John (2016). Texas Ranger – The Epic Life of <mask>, the Man Who Killed Bonnie and Clyde. New York: St. Martin's Press. .
Burrough, Bryan (2004). Public Enemies. New York: The Penguin Press. .
Caro, Robert A. (1982). The Years of Lyndon Johnson: Means of Ascent.New York: Knopf. .
Cox, Mike (2009). Time of the Rangers. New York: Tom Doherty Associates. .
Dallek, Robert (1991). Lone Star

masks:
Frank Ham
Frank Jr
Frank Hamer
Frank Hamer


title: Frank Hamer

texts:
 Sheriff: Lord of the County Line. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press. .
Toland, John (1995). The Dillinger Days. New York: Da Capo Press. .
Treherne, John (2000).The Strange History of Bonnie & Clyde. Cooper Square Press. .
 Webb, Walter Prescott (1935). The Texas Rangers: A Century of Frontier Defense. Austin: University of Texas Press. .

Further reading
DeFord, Miriam Allen (1968). The Real Bonnie and Clyde. Sphere Books. Frost, H. Gordon and John H. Jenkins (1968).I'm <mask>er. Austin: Pemberton Press. .
Nieman, Robert (2006). Interview with <mask>, Bobbie <mask> and <mask>. Texas Ranger Oral History Interviews.Texas Ranger Hall of Fame and Museum
Steele, Phillip W. and Marie Barrow Scoma (2000). The Family Story of Bonnie and Clyde. Pelican Publishing Company. .
Shelton, Gene (1997). The Life and Times of <mask>er.Berkeley Books. . This is a novel, a fictionalized account. External links

1884 births
1955 deaths
Texas sheriffs
People from Austin, Texas
Members of the Texas Ranger Division
People from Wilson County, Texas
Cowboys
20th-century American politicians
People from San Saba County, Texas
People from Llano County, Texas
People from Navasota,

masks:
Frank Ham
Bud Hamer
Hamer
Harrison Hamer
Frank Ham


title: Klaus Tochtermann

texts:
<mask> (* 22. August 1964 in Heidelberg) is a professor in the Institute for Computer Science at Kiel University and also the director of the ZBW – German National Library of Economics – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics. Education and career
<mask> is the son of Werner Tochtermann. He graduated from the Kieler Gelehrtenschule in 1983. From 1985 to 1991 he studied computer science at the Kiel University and Dortmund University. At Dortmund University he received his doctorate in computer science with a thesis on A model for hypermedia: description and integrated formalisation of essential hypermedia concepts. <mask>n spent the following year as a post-doc at Texas A&M University, Center for the Studies of Digital Libraries, USA with a grant from the Max-Kade-Foundation.His key activities in this time were in the field of web-based tools and services for digital libraries. From 1997 until 2000 he was division head at the FAW Ulm (Research Institute for Application-oriented Knowledge Processing at Ulm University). From 2001 until 2010 he was the scientific director of the research institute Know-Center, a competence center for information technology-based knowledge management located in Austria. In 2001 founded the I-KNOW conference series in cooperation with Hermann Maurer. In 2002 he received his habilitation in the field of Applied information processing with the thesis Personalisation in the Context of Digital Libraries and Knowledge Management. From 2004 until 2010 he held the chair for Knowledge Management, at the TU Graz (Austria). From 2007 until 2010, he was also head of the Institute for Networked Media at Joanneum Research, an application-oriented

masks:
Klaus Tochtermann
Klaus Tochtermann
Klaus Tochterman


title: Klaus Tochtermann

texts:
 research institution located in Graz.Since 2010, <mask> has been the director of the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics and has held a chair for Digital Information Infrastructures at Kiel University. In 2012, <mask>n initiated the Leibniz Research Alliance Science 2.0. This research alliance addresses the question of how the participatory Internet (e.g. Social Media) changes research and publishing processes, and how information infrastructure institutions can participate in the shaping of these changes. In 2014, the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics headed by <mask>n received the national “Library of the Year 2014” award   from the German Library Association (dbv). Main research focus
 Science 2.0, Open Science, European Open Science Cloud
 Knowledge management and knowledge provision
 Semantic technologies

Selected professional activities
 Member of the High Level Expert Group "European Open Science Cloud" of the European Commission (until 2018)
 Member of the Council for Information-Infrastructures
 Member of the board of the Know-Center – Graz (Austria)
 Visiting Professor at the Universiti Teknologi MARA (until 2016) (Malaysia)
 Visiting Professor for Digital Infrastructure at St. Gallen University (Switzerland) (2016)
Member of the Working Group Sustainability for the European Open Science Cloud
 Member of the Research Infrastructure Advisory Council at Hamburg University
Chair of the Advisory Council for Digitalisation at Graz University of Technology
Member of the Advisory Board at numerous institutes of the Leibniz Association

Selected publications
 co-authored with Arben Hajra: Enriching Scientific Publications from LOD

masks:
Klaus Tochtermann
Klaus Tochterman
Klaus Tochterman


title: Leonard Spigelgass

texts:
<mask> (November 26, 1908 – February 15, 1985) was an American film producer and screenwriter. During his career, Spigelgass wrote the scripts for 11 Academy Award-winning films. He himself was nominated in 1950 for the story for Mystery Street and garnered three Writers Guild of America nominations over the course of his career. Biography

Life
Born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York, Spigelgass graduated from New York University in 1929. He was a literary and drama critic for The Brooklyn Eagle and the Saturday Review of Literature before moving to Hollywood. Fox
Spigelglass got his start collaborating on the script for Erich von Stroheim's Walking Down Broadway at Fox Films. After the film was shot, studio executives ordered the film to be re-edited and re-shot; it was released under the new title Hello, Sister!(1933). Spigelglass worked as assistant to Julian Josephson, head of story at Fox. Spigelglass was also credited as writer on Stingaree (1934) and Escape to Paradise at RKO. Universal
In December 1933 Spigelglass accepted a contract at Universal to work as scenario and story editor. While there, his story I'll Fix It (1934) was bought for Columbia. In June 1934, Spigelglass was promoted to producer. His first film in that capacity was Princess O'Hara (1935), based on a story by Damon Runyon, which he helped write.He became story editor for Major Pictures and wrote a film of the life of Madame Curie for Universal. At Universal, he wrote for Letter of Introduction (1938), Service de Luxe (1938), Unexpected Father (1940), Private Affairs (1940), and The Boys from Syracuse (1940). He produced the musical One Night in the Tropics (1940), the film debut of Abbott and Costello. He wrote Tight Shoes (1941) and Butch Minds the Baby (1942), based on a story by Runyon. Warner Bros. He wrote some films at Warner Bros., including Million Dollar Baby (1941) and All Through the Night (1942).


title: Friedrich von Weech

texts:
<mask> (16 October 1837 – 17 November 1905) was a German historian and archivist. Biography
<mask> was born in Munich. By this time his father, the army officer <mask> (1794-1837), had died in Athens during the summer, while serving in the army of young King Otto. The boy attended school in Munich, then spending several years taught by monks at Metten Abbey in Lower Bavaria, before returning to Munich where he spent the final two years of his schooling at the prestigious  (secondary school). He attended University of Munich (1856) and, for a couple of terms, Heidelberg (1857). He received his doctorate from Munich in June 1860. His doctoral dissertation was entitled "Kaiser Ludwig der Bayer und König Johann von Böhmen, mit Urkundlichen Beiträgen" ("Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian and King John of Bohemia, [illustrated] with original sources".After this the young doctor joined <mask> Hegel's, team working on the (ultimately) 27 volume compilation, "" ("The Chronicles of the German cities"), under the auspices of the  (Historical Commission of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences). <mask> applied himself to the second volume, working on the fifteenth century reports by Erhart Schürstab ("Kriegsbericht und Ordnung") concerning Nuremberg's war against Albrecht Achilles, Margrave of Brandenburg during 1449 and 1450. He also made other albeit lesser contributions to the compilation. After this he decided to switch from authorship to a university based academic career, and made plans to move to University of Tübingen, but in the end he moved instead to University of Freiburg, where he may have had his eye on a still unfilled teaching chair. He received his habilitation (higher academic qualification) from Freiburg in April 1862 for work "On the character and politics of Emperor Maximilian I". His contribution at Freiburg was energetic, and he also took part in public life more widely. During 1863 Freiburg followed the example of other German towns and cities in setting up its own committee to

masks:
Friedrich von Weech
Friedrich Otto Aristides von Weech
Friedrich Joseph von Weech
Karl von
Von Weech


title: Friedrich von Weech

texts: consider the Schleswig-Holstein Question.As secretary to the committee in Freiburg <mask> convened and chaired a large meeting of the city folk on 29 November 1863, also producing leaflets in support of the "patriotic" view of "The Question". Germany had a vigorous regional press at the time, and during the early 1860s <mask> embarked on a part-time parallel career as a part-time journalist. Articles that he wrote on political and literary issues were printed by newspapers published in Augsburg, Munich, Cologne and Karlsruhe. It is possible that it was on account of his resulting high-profile that at the end of 1864 he was able to accept a job offer from the Royal National Library in Karlsruhe as court librarian. He retained this post till 1867, but continued to work in Karlsruhe for the rest of his life. There is a suggestion that having now made his mark with the royal court of Baden, he hoped to move on to a career in the diplomatic service, but this came to nothing. The year after taking the librarianship, 1865, he married Therese Seuffert, to whom he had been engaged since 1862.She was the daughter of the late Munich based jurist and writer Josef Adam Seuffert. The marriage would produce three recorded daughters. In 1867 he transferred to the national archives department, as  (Senior Archivist) in succession to Joseph Bader. He was promoted to the top job - Director of the National Archive - in 1885. He was still in post twenty years later when he fell ill and died. The second half of the nineteenth century saw massive investment in museums and libraries, reflecting rapid growth in middle class wealth and a surge in national consciousness and education investment across Europe. During <mask>'s time in office the  (National Archive in Karlsruhe) was raised to the status of an Academic Institution.A new  prestigious building (see ), alongside the "Hildapromenade", set new standards. In 1888 he was appointed a member of the city's recently established "City Archives Commission"

masks:
von Weech
von Weech
von Weech


title: Friedrich von Weech

texts:
 ("städtische Archivkommission"), and it was on behalf of the commission that between 1895 and 1904 he published a three volume history of the city, in the process cementing his reputation as a formidable historian of the region. Honours
Titles awarded to <mask> <mask> included "Gentleman of the Chamber of the Grand Duchy of Baden" ("Großherzoglich Badischer Kammerherrn") and "Privy Councillor" ("Geheimrat"). In 1872 he was a recipient of the newly created "Order of Olga" (Württemberg). In 1960 the street "Weechstraße" in Karlsruhe's new "East City" development was named after him. Published output (selection)

 Baden unter den Großherzögen Karl <mask>, Karl, Ludwig 1738–1830. Freiburg 1864
 Korrespondenzen und Aktenstücke zur Geschichte der Ministerkonferenzen von Karlsbad und Wien 1819–20 und 1834.Leipzig 1865
 Geschichte der badischen Verfassung. Karlsruhe 1868
 Baden in den Jahren 1852 bis 1877. 1877, in 102.000 Exemplaren, aus Anlass des Regierungsjubiläums des Großherzogs von Baden
 „Aus alter und neuer Zeit“, Nachträge und Aufsätze. Leipzig 1878
 Die Deutschen seit der Reformation. 1878
 Die Zähringer in Baden. Karlsruhe 1881
 <mask> <mask>, from the papers of R. F. Nebenius. Karlsruhe 1868
 Beschreibung des schwedischen Kriegs von Sebastian Burster, 1630–1647 (Leipzig 1875)
 : Heidelberg 1875, a collection in two volumes.; Nachtrag 1881 (), später von anderen Hrsg. fortgeführt
 „Codex diplomaticus Salemitanus“ Urkundenbuch der Cistercienser-Abtei Salem (1134–1498). 3 vols. Karlsruhe 1883–1895
 Siegel und Urkunden aus dem badischen Generallandesarchiv. Frankfurt 1883–1886
 Regesten zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Konstanz. Innsbruck 1886 ff. Karlsruhe.Geschichte der Stadt und ihrer Verwaltung. 3 vols, Karlsruhe 1895–1904 ()
 From 1868 <mask> was also co-producer of the . References

1837 births
1905 deaths
Writers from Munich
Writers from Karlsruhe
Corps students
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
German archivists
19th-century German historians
Local

masks:
Friedrich von
Weech
Friedrich
Karl Friedrich
von Baden
von Weech


title: Brian Cox (physicist)

texts:
<mask>  (born 3 March 1968) is  an English physicist and former musician who is a professor of particle physics in the School of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Manchester and The Royal Society Professor for Public Engagement in Science. He is best known to the public as the presenter of science programmes, especially the Wonders of... series and for popular science books, such as Why Does E=mc²? and The Quantum Universe. <mask> has been described as the natural successor for the BBC's scientific programming by both David Attenborough and Patrick Moore. Before his academic career, <mask> was a keyboard player for the British bands D:Ream and Dare. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 3 March 1968 in the Royal Oldham Hospital, later living in nearby Chadderton from 1971. He has a younger sister.His parents worked for Yorkshire Bank, his mother as a cashier and his father as a middle-manager in the same branch. He recalls a happy childhood in Oldham that included pursuits such as dance, gymnastics, plane and bus spotting. He attended the independent Hulme Grammar School in Oldham from 1979 to 1986. He has stated in many interviews and in an episode of Wonders of the Universe that when he was 12, the book Cosmos by Carl Sagan was a key factor in inspiring him to become a physicist. He said on The Jonathan Ross Show that he performed poorly on his maths A-level exam: "I got a D ... I was really not very good ... I found out you need to practice."Music
In the 1980s and early 90s, <mask> was a keyboard player with the rock band Dare. Dare released two albums with <mask> – Out of the Silence in 1988 and Blood from Stone in 1991. He joined D:Ream, a group that had several hits in the UK charts, including the number one "Things Can Only Get Better", later used as a New Labour election anthem, although he did not play on the track. In 2015, he appeared as a guest keyboardist during a live performance of the song "Your Silent Face" by New Order. <mask> wrote the foreword of the official Orchestral

masks:
Brian Edward Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox


title: Brian Cox (physicist)

texts:
 Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD) biography, Pretending to See the Future (2018), having been an "obsessive fan" of the band in his youth. He said of their songs, "They shaped my character and inspired me to make music." Higher education
<mask> studied physics at the University of Manchester during his music career.He earned a Bachelor of Science degree with first-class honours. After D:Ream disbanded in 1997, he completed his Doctor of Philosophy degree in high-energy particle physics at the University of Manchester. His thesis, Double Diffraction Dissociation at Large Momentum Transfer, was supervised by Robin Marshall and based on research he did on the H1 experiment at the Hadron Elektron Ring Anlage (HERA) particle accelerator at the DESY laboratory in Hamburg, Germany. Career and research
<mask> is a particle physicist at the University of Manchester. He worked on the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, near Geneva, Switzerland. He previously held a Royal Society University Research Fellowship and a Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) advanced research fellowship. <mask> has co-written several books on physics including Why does E=mc2?and The Quantum Universe, both with Jeff Forshaw. He has supervised or co-supervised several PhD students to completion including Tamsin Edwards. Broadcasting

<mask> has appeared in many science programmes for BBC radio and television, including In Einstein's Shadow, the BBC Horizon series, ("The Six Billion Dollar Experiment", "What on Earth is Wrong with Gravity? ", "Do You Know What Time It Is? ", and "Can we Make a Star on Earth?") and as a voice-over for the BBC's Bitesize revision programmes. He presented the five-part BBC Two television series Wonders of the Solar System in early 2010 and a follow up four-part series, Wonders of the Universe, which began on 6 March 2011.Wonders of Life, which he describes as "a physicist's take on life/natural history", was broadcast in 2013. He co-presents Space Hoppers and has also

masks: Cox Cox Cox Cox


title: Brian Cox (physicist)

texts: featured in Dani's House on CBBC. <mask> also presented a three-part BBC series called Science Britannica which sees him explore the contribution of British scientists over the last 350 years, as well as the relationship between British science and the public perception thereof. BBC Two commissioned <mask> to copresent Stargazing Live, a three-day live astronomy series in January 2011 – co-presented with physicist-turned-comedian Dara Ó Briain and featuring chat show host Jonathan Ross – linked to events across the United Kingdom. A second and a third series featuring a variety of guests ran in January 2012 and January 2013. Since November 2009 <mask> has co-presented a BBC Radio 4 "comedy science magazine programme", The Infinite Monkey Cage with comedian Robin Ince. Guests have included comedians Tim Minchin, Alexei Sayle, Dara Ó Briain, and scientists including Alice Roberts of the BBC show The Incredible Human Journey, and astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson.<mask> also appeared in Ince's Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People. He was a regular contributor to the BBC 6 Music Breakfast Show (and the Afternoon Show since 2019) with Shaun Keaveny, with a weekly feature, and an annual Christmas special with Keaveny and <mask>. He appeared on 24 July 2009 episode of Robert Llewellyn's CarPool podcast series. <mask> has also appeared numerous times at TED, giving talks on the LHC and particle physics. In 2009 he appeared in People magazine's Sexiest Men Alive. In 2010 he was featured in The Case for Mars by Symphony of Science. In November 2010 he made a promotional appearance in the Covent Garden Apple Store, talking about his new e-book set to accompany his new television series as well as answering audience questions.<mask> Wheldon Memorial Lecture on "Science, a Challenge to TV Orthodoxy", in which he examined problems in media coverage of science and news about science. It was subsequently broadcast on BBC Two. On 4 March, a talk entitled "Frankenstein's Science" at the National Theatre featured

masks:
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Brian Eno
Cox
Coxw


title: Brian Cox (physicist)

texts:
 <mask> in discussion with biographer Richard Holmes on Mary Shelley's exploration of humanity's desire to bring life to an inanimate object and whether the notion is possible, in both the 19th century and today. On 6 March 2011, <mask> appeared as a guest at Patrick Moore's 700th episode anniversary of The Sky at Night. He has said that he is a lifelong fan of the programme, and that it helped inspire him to become a physicist. On 10 March 2011, he gave the Ninth Douglas Adams Memorial Lecture. <mask> was the science advisor for the science fiction film Sunshine.On the DVD release, he provides an audio commentary where he discusses scientific accuracies (and inaccuracies) depicted in the film. He also was featured on the Discovery Channel special Megaworld: Switzerland. In 2013, he presented another series of Wonders of Life. On 14 November 2013, BBC Two broadcast The Science of Doctor Who in celebration of Doctor Whos 50th anniversary, in which <mask> tackles the mysteries of time travel. The lecture was recorded at the Royal Institution Faraday Lecture Theatre. The BBC subsequently broadcast Human Universe and Forces of Nature also presented by <mask>. A longtime fan of the Monty Python comedy troupe, in July 2014 <mask> appeared on stage on the final night of their 10-date live show, Monty Python Live (Mostly).He also appears on the documentary telefilm Monty Python: The Meaning of Live.<ref>Harvey, Dennis. Film Review: 'Monty Python: The Meaning of Live'. Variety 2 May 2015</ref>

In 2017, <mask> appeared in the children's television programme Postman Pat, voicing space expert Professor Ryan Farrow. Filmography
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Title
! scope="col" | Role
!(And Why Should We Care?) with Jeff Forshaw (2009)
 Wonders of the Solar System (with Andrew Cohen) (2010)
 Wonders of the Universe (with Andrew Cohen) (2011)
 The Quantum Universe (And Why Anything That Can Happen, Does) with Jeff Forshaw (2011)
 Wonders of Life: Exploring the Most Extraordinary Phenomenon

masks: Cox Cox Cox Cox Cox Cox Cox