title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
 Coaches Poll and 11th in the AP poll. <mask> was a finalist for the third time in his career for the Liberty Mutual National Coach of the Year. 2013 season

In 2013, <mask> guided the Tigers to their third 10-win season in a row, the first time since 1989. The highlight regular-season win came against #5 Georgia in the season opener. The Tigers won 38–35.Clemson's two regular season losses were to top 10 opponents, national champion Florida State and South Carolina. The 31–17 loss to the rival Gamecocks was a record fifth straight for the Tigers, the longest winning streak for South Carolina in the series. The completion of the season marked 32 wins over three years for <mask>, the most ever in such a span in Clemson football history. The Tigers received their second BCS bowl bid under <mask> with an invitation to play seventh-ranked Ohio State in the 2014 Orange Bowl. The Tigers defeated the Buckeyes 40–35 to give the Tigers' their third Orange Bowl win in their history and their first BCS bowl victory. The 2013 season marked the first time Clemson had back-to-back 11-win seasons. After the game, <mask> recalled the Tigers' lopsided loss two years before in the Orange Bowl and the team's journey since then."Hey, listen: Two years ago we got our butts kicked on this field. And it has been a journey to get back. We're 22–4 since that night. And we are the first team from the state of South Carolina to ever win a BCS game," <mask> said. The win was <mask>'s fourth victory over a top ten opponent as a head coach. The Tigers finished the season ranked in the top 10 in both polls (#8 in AP, #7 in Coaches), the first such achievement for <mask> as head coach. Following the season, <mask> agreed to eight-year, $27.15 million contract and guaranteed if Swinney was fired in the next three years.2014 season

Under <mask>, Clemson had their fourth 10-win season in a row, making them one of only four schools to achieve the feat in the last four seasons. The Tigers started the season ranked #16 but

masks: Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney


title: Dabo Swinney

type: original

texts:
 suffered early setbacks with losses to #13 Georgia and #1 Florida State. However, with the emergence of freshman quarterback Deshaun Watson, the Tigers only lost one more game to ACC Coastal Division Champion Georgia Tech, which Watson started but did not finish due to injury. The regular season was highlighted with the finale against South Carolina in which Clemson broke a five-game losing streak to the Gamecocks to win 35–17 in Death Valley. Clemson received an invitation to play Oklahoma in the Russell Athletic Bowl on December 29, 2014. Led by Clemson's #1 ranked defense in the nation, the Tigers routed the Sooners 40–6, holding Oklahoma to 275 total yards and forcing five turnovers. Ironically, defensive coordinator Brent Venables had held the same position with the Sooners until coming to Clemson in 2012.The Tigers finished 10–3 for the season and ranked 15th in both the AP and the Coaches Poll. <mask>'s last three bowl wins have been over college programs that have all won national titles since 2000. 2015 season

<mask> completed his then best season as Clemson's head coach in 2015, leading the Tigers to a 14–1 record with an ACC championship and an appearance in the national championship game. Clemson fell short to Alabama in the title game 45-40 after Nick Saban, the head coach of Alabama, surprised Clemson with a successful onside kick. The season marked Clemson's best run since the 1981 national championship season. The Tigers defeated #8 North Carolina 45–37 to win their 15th ACC championship. Clemson also defeated #4 Oklahoma 37–17 in the Orange Bowl for its first college playoff appearance.<mask> was named Associated Press Coach of Year, Walter Camp Coach of the Year, Home Depot Coach of the Year, and the Paul "Bear" Bryant Award. The 2015 Tigers set a record for single-season wins under <mask> with 14. Clemson ended the season ranked #2 in both the Associated Press and Coaches Polls. 2016 season

On April 12, 2016, <mask> signed a six-year contract extension with the Tigers.

masks: Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney


title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
 <mask> once again recorded a banner season as Clemson's coach, leading the Tigers to a 12-1 regular season record and another ACC Championship, the third in <mask>'s career. Clemson posted big wins during the 2016 season over #3 Louisville at home and #12 Florida State on the road. Their only loss of the year was to the Pitt Panthers, losing on a last second field goal and snapping their 15-game home winning streak.<mask> punctuated the regular season with a 56–7 home victory over arch-rival South Carolina, the largest margin of victory over the Gamecocks in <mask>'s career and the largest in over 100 years in the history of the storied rivalry. Following Clemson's ACC title win over #19 Virginia Tech, the Tigers secured the #2 seed in the College Football Playoff. On Dec 31, <mask> and the Tigers defeated #3 Ohio State 31–0 in Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer's first career shut-out to set up a rematch of the 2015 National Championship against #1 Alabama. On January 9, 2017 <mask> led the Tigers to a 35–31 comeback win over Alabama to capture the National Championship. 2017 season

Coming off of the national championship season from the year before, Clemson and Swinney looked to fill big shoes with the loss of many offensive starters, including standout quarterback Deshaun Watson who entered the NFL draft. However, the Tigers once again rose to national prominence with a 12-1 regular season record and their third ACC championship in a row. Clemson dominated #7 Miami 38–3 in the ACC championship game and secured the #1 seed in the College Football Playoffs.The Tigers also posted big wins in the season with a 14–6 win over #13 Auburn, a 47–21 victory over #14 Louisville, and a 31–17 win over #12 Virginia Tech. Later in the season, a 24–10 win over Georgia Tech gave <mask> his 97th career win at Clemson, vaulting him past Danny Ford to become the second-winningest coach in school history. <mask> capped off the regular season with another convincing win over rival South Carolina, 34–10, marking

masks: Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney Swinney


title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
 his fourth win in a row over the Gamecocks. The Tigers faced #4 Alabama in the Sugar Bowl for the first round of the playoffs. Alabama defeated Clemson 24–6. Clemson finished #4 overall in the final standings and were ranked in the top 10 throughout the entire 2017 season. 2018–2020

The 2018 Tigers, led by true freshman quarterback Trevor Lawrence, finished the season undefeated and won the 2019 College Football Playoff National Championship, defeating Alabama 44–16.Clemson was the first team to go 15–0 in modern history, which led some pundits to say that the 2018 Tigers are the greatest college football team of all time. <mask>'s 2019 Tigers picked up where the previous year's team left off, running the table, including wins over Southeastern Conference opponents Texas A&M and South Carolina. The one close call came in Week Five, a 21–20 road win over Mack Brown’s North Carolina Tar Heels. They won their final seven regular season games by an average scoring margin of 41.7 points, and their streak of six straight wins by 35 points or more is the longest such streak of the modern era. The 2019 Tigers held all twelve of their regular season opponents under 300 yards of total offense, and they finished the season allowing the fewest points (10.6) and yards (244.7) per game in the country. <mask> won his fifth straight ACC Championship (and sixth overall) with a dismantling of Virginia in the championship game (although they were unable to hold Virginia under 300 yards of total offense [387]). The 62–17 final score brought the above-mentioned streak to seven.On December 8, 2019, Clemson was named the No. 3 seed in the College Football Playoff and slated to meet No. 2-seed Ohio State in the College Football Playoff Semifinal at the Fiesta Bowl. They defeated the Buckeyes, 29–23, to advance to the College Football Playoff National Championship on January 13, 2020. They lost the national title game to the LSU Tigers by a score of 42–25. The 2020 Tigers played a shortened schedule due to the

masks: Swinney Swinney


title: Dabo Swinney

texts:
 COVID-19 pandemic. The Tigers finished the regular season with a 9–1 record with the only loss coming to Notre Dame on the road in double overtime.The Tigers avenged that loss, beating Notre Dame in the ACC Championship Game to secure a sixth straight conference crown and a tenth win for a tenth straight season. The season ended with a loss in the 2021 Sugar Bowl, the College Football Playoff Semifinal, to the Ohio State by a score of 49–28. Personal life
<mask>'s nickname "<mask>" was given to him as an infant by his brother, Tripp, who would try to enunciate "that boy" when referring to <mask>. <mask> has a chant amongst the fans in which they will chant his first name "DAB-O" in unison while simultaneously doing the "dab" motion with their arms followed by making an "O" shape with both arms above their heads. While a student athlete at the University of Alabama, his mother stayed with him in an apartment off campus after the mother-son team lived in near-homelessness his senior year of high school. He married the former Kathleen Bassett in 1994 and has three sons, two of whom are wide receivers for Clemson (Will and Drew). <mask> is a Christian.<mask> spoke of his conversion to Christianity when he was sixteen years old by saying, "And that was a game-changer for me. That’s really become the foundation of my life." <mask> has also said, "Coaching makes some of the things I’ve experienced in my life make sense to me. It allows me to use my life experiences to impact young people and to serve God through what I do. I’m very passionate about seeing young people graduate, mature and develop.". Head coaching record

References

External links

 Clemson profile

1969 births
Living people
American football wide receivers
Alabama Crimson Tide football coaches
Alabama Crimson Tide football players
Clemson Tigers football coaches
American real estate businesspeople
People from Pelham, Alabama
Sportspeople from Birmingham, Alabama
Coaches of American football from Alabama
Players of American football

masks: Swinney Dabo Swinney Dabo Swinney Swinney Swinney


title: Sergei Ivanov

texts:
<mask> (; born 31 January 1953) is a Russian senior official and politician who has served as the Special Representative of the President of the Russian Federation on the Issues of Environmental Activities, Ecology and Transport since 12 August 2016. As of February 2022,  the United States has sanctions against <mask> following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. <mask> had held the posts of Minister of Defense of Russia from March 2001 to February 2007, of Deputy Prime Minister from November 2005 to February 2007, and of First Deputy Prime Minister from February 2007 to May 2008. After the election of Dmitry Medvedev as President of Russia, <mask> was reappointed a Deputy Prime Minister (in office: 2008-2011)  in Vladimir Putin's second cabinet. From December 2011 to August 2016 <mask> worked as the Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office. Having served in the Soviet KGB and in its successor, the Federal Security Service, he holds the rank of colonel general. Before joining the federal administration in Moscow, <mask>, a fluent speaker of English, served from the late 1970s in Europe and in Africa (Kenya) as a specialist in law and foreign languages.As an employee of the KGB in the Soviet-Union era, <mask> became a friend of his colleague Vladimir Putin,
who appointed him as his Deputy in 1998. Youth, education, and early career
<mask> was born on 31 January 1953 in Leningrad. In 1975, he graduated from the English translation branch of the Department of Philology at Leningrad State University, where he majored in English and Swedish. In the late 1970s, <mask> began a career spanning two decades on the staff of the external intelligence service. In 1976, he completed postgraduate studies in counterintelligence, graduating from Higher Courses of the KGB in Minsk. Upon graduating in 1976, <mask>

masks:
Sergei Borisovich Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov


title: Sergei Ivanov

texts:
 was sent to serve for the Leningrad and Leningrad Oblast KGB Directorate, where he became a friend of Vladimir Putin, then a colleague of his. In 1981, he studied at the Red Banner Institute of KGB.In the 1980s, <mask> served as Second Secretary at the Soviet Embassy in Helsinki, working directly under the KGB resident Felix Karasev. After Finland, he was sent to Kenya as KGB resident. In 2015, <mask> stated that he had been ruined and his career in the KGB destroyed because of Oleg Gordievsky's defection and exfiltration on 19 July 1985 from Moscow through the northwestern part of the Soviet Union near Leningrad and then through Finland to the United Kingdom. Gordievsky's defection greatly embarrassed both the KGB and the Soviet Union. As a result, the Leningrad directorate, which was responsible for surveillance of British subjects at the time, had numerous persons purged from its service by Viktor Babunov, the head of counterintelligence, including many people close to Vladimir Putin, who also served with the Leningrad KGB at the time. Career in Moscow
In August 1998, Vladimir Putin became head of the FSB, and appointed <mask> his deputy. As deputy director of the Federal Security Service, <mask> solidified his reputation in Moscow as a competent analyst in matters of domestic and external security.Head of the Security Council
On 15 November 1999, Boris Yeltsin appointed <mask> as secretary of the Security Council of Russia, an advisory body charged with formulating presidential directives on national security. In that position, <mask> replaced Putin as Yeltsin's national security adviser upon Putin's promotion to the premiership. As secretary, <mask> was responsible for coordinating the daily work of the council, led by the president. But <mask>'s role as secretary was initially unclear to media

masks: Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov


title: Sergei Ivanov

texts:
 observers. At the time of his appointment, the Security Council was a relatively new institution. (The council was set up by Yeltsin's tutelage in 1991–1992). Between 1992 and <mask>'s appointment in 1999, Yeltsin used the council as political expediency dictated but did not allow it to emerge as a relatively strong and autonomous institution.According to Western analysts, <mask>'s predecessors in that post – including Putin – were either the second most powerful political figure in Russia or just another functionary lacking close access to the center of state power, depending on their relationship with Yeltsin. Minister of Defense
<mask> was named by Vladimir Putin, who had succeeded Yeltsin as President on 31 December 1999, as Russia's Minister of Defense in March 2001. That month, <mask> stepped down as secretary of the Security Council, but remained a member. <mask> had resigned from military service around a year earlier, and was a civilian while serving as secretary of the Security Council. <mask> therefore became Russia's first civilian Defense minister. Putin called the personnel changes in Russia's security structures coinciding with <mask>'s appointment as Defense minister "a step toward demilitarizing public life." Putin also stressed <mask>'s responsibility for overseeing military reform as Defense minister.Unsurprisingly to specialists on Russia, <mask> became bogged down in the sheer difficulty of his duties as Defense Minister. But, despite bureaucratic inertia and corruption in the military, <mask> did preside over some changes in the form of a shift towards a more professional army. Although <mask> was not successful in abandoning the draft, he did downsize it. As Defense Minister, <mask> worked with U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to expand Russian-U.S. cooperation against

masks: Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov


title: Sergei Ivanov

texts:
 international terrorist threats to both states. On May 2001, <mask> was elected chairman of the Council of Commonwealth of Independent States Defense Ministers. In October 2003, <mask> claimed that Russia did not rule out a pre-emptive military strike anywhere in the world if the national interest demands it. In 2004, <mask>, as Defense Minister, pledged state support to the suspects in Chechen leader Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev's assassination detained in Qatar and declared that their imprisonment was illegal.Later, Qatari prosecutors concluded that the suspects had received the order to eliminate Zelimkhan Yandarbiev from <mask> personally. In January 2006, <mask> received criticism for his downplaying response to the public outcry over a particularly brutal hazing incident at a military base in the Urals, which involved Andrey Sychyov as a victim, whose legs and genitals were amputated due to the vicious beatings and abuse. From time to time, <mask> has disconcerted Western audiences with the bluntness of his remarks on international military and political issues, though his political orientation is moderate and generally liberal on economic issues. In a series of public comments on the 2003–2004 elections, for instance, he unequivocally stated his opposition to rolling back the Western-style economic reforms and privatizations of the 1990s. On 15 December 2006 in Moscow, <mask> said to foreign correspondents about Alexander Litvinenko, poisoned in London in November, which made headlines in the West: "For us, Litvinenko was nothing. We didn't care what he said and what he wrote on his deathbed." Deputy Prime Minister
In November 2005, <mask> was appointed to the post of Deputy Prime Minister in Mikhail Fradkov's Second Cabinet, with added responsibility for the Manufacturing industry and arms exports.On 15


title: Sergei Ivanov

texts:
 February 2007, Putin relieved him of his duties as Defense Minister and elevated him to the position as First Deputy Prime Minister with responsibility over defense industry, aerospace industry, nanotechnology and transport In June 2007, <mask> was appointed chairman of the Government Council for Nanotechnology. 2008 presidential election
Because of Putin's popularity with voters, opinion polls and Russian political analysts expected Putin's endorsement to help any preferred candidate in the 2008 Russian presidential election. Speculation intensified in November 2005 with <mask>'s promotion to the rank of Deputy Prime Minister. The speculation further intensified in February 2007 with <mask>'s promotion to the post of First Deputy Prime Minister, but rumours ceased after the United Russia party nominated Ivanov's colleague Dmitry Medvedev to run for the presidency - with Putin's backing. <mask> expressed his support for Medvedev's candidacy as well. Russian opinion polls suggested that <mask> enjoyed wide name-recognition among the Russian public with relatively strong approval ratings. <mask>'s career, in terms of his background and rise through Russia's state structures, was often compared to Putin's, fueling speculation that <mask> might run for president in 2008.Three months younger than Putin, <mask> had been a student contemporary of Putin's in their hometown of Leningrad where both completed competitive specialized secondary-education programs (Putin in chemistry, Ivanov in English language) before attending Leningrad State University. Both completed postgraduate studies in counterintelligence; and both joined the foreign intelligence service shortly afterward. However, according to <mask>'s recollections, he did not become acquainted with Putin during their time as students, but rather when both

masks: Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov Ivanov


title: Sergei Ivanov

texts:
 were assigned to work in the same foreign-intelligence division in Leningrad. Chief of Staff
In December 2011, <mask> was appointed Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. He was noted for his hawkish views during the Russo-Ukrainian War and towards the West and his major role in lobbying for the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War. On 12 August 2016, <mask> was relieved from his Chief of Staff position by Putin and replaced by Anton Vaino. <mask> then became a special envoy for transportation and the environment.Putin's firing of <mask> was part of a series of replacements of Putin's older peers with young loyalists. The Steele dossier (Report 2016/111) claims that his encouragement of meddling in the 2016 United States presidential election, which provoked unanticipated blowback against the Kremlin, was the catalyst for his firing. Sanctions
On 20 March 2014, the American Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) announced that <mask> and 19 other Russian oligarchs  had been added to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN). On 24 February 2022, the United States announced new sanctions against <mask> and his son Sergey in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Personal life
<mask> married in 1976 and has two children. He is fluent in English and Swedish as well as speaking Norwegian, and some French. His hobbies include fishing, and reading detective novels in the original English.<mask> supports CSKA Moscow, he can often be seen at PFC CSKA and PBC CSKA matches. On 20 May 2005, a Volkswagen driven by <mask>'s eldest son, Alexander (1977–2014), struck and killed a 68-year-old woman, Svetlana Beridze, on a zebra crossing. Charges against him were, however, dropped. <mask> died on 3 November 2014; he drowned in the sea in United Arab Emirates.

masks:
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Ivanov
Alexander Ivanov


title: Sergei Ivanov

texts:
 References

External links

 Interview with <mask>, in HARDtalk (BBC). <mask> Biography at spb.ru
 "Russian Defense Minister Arrives In Kyrgyzstan"

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1953 births
KGB officers
Living people
Politicians from Saint Petersburg
Recipients of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland", 2nd class
Russian colonel generals
Russian diplomats
Kremlin Chiefs of Staff
Saint Petersburg State University alumni
Russian individuals subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury

masks:
Sergei Ivanov
Sergei Ivanov


title: Benyamin Sueb

texts:
<mask> (often written Benyamin S. or called Bang Ben; March 5, 1939September 5, 1995) was an Indonesian comedian, actor and singer. He released 46 studio albums and starred in more than 50 films. He received two Citra Awards for Intan Berduri in 1973 and Si Doel Anak Modern in 1975. Early life
Benyamin was born in Kemayoran, Batavia, on March 5, 1939. His parents were Suaeb and Aisyah. His father's real name was Sukirman, but changed to Suaeb since he lived in Batavia. At the age of two, Benyamin's father died.Later on, he was permitted to be a street performer. In 1946, he studied at Bendungan Jago Elementary School. When he was in the fifth or sixth grade, he moved to Santo Yusuf Elementary School in Bandung. After graduating, he continued his studies at Taman Madya Cikini Junior High School, and then Taman Siswa Senior High School in Kemayoran. He later studied at the Jakarta Academy of Banking for one year, but did not finish. He originally wanted to become a pilot, but his mother forbade him; he eventually found work as bread seller, then as a bus conductor. Career

Music
In the 1950s, Benyamin joined the Melody Boys, who played calypso music, rhumba, cha-cha, jazz, blues, rock n roll and some keroncong.The band performed some famous songs including "When I Fall in Love", "Blue Moon" and "Unchained Melody". They also performed their own songs, like "Kisah Cinta" ("Love Story"), "Panon Hideung" ("Black Eye") and "Si Neneng". He also played jazz with Jack Lemmers and Bill Saragih. In 1963, the Melody Boys changed their name to Melodi Ria. In the late 1960s, several


title: Benyamin Sueb

texts:
 Si Doel Anak Betawi. After starring in Si Doel Anak Betawi, he appeared in the sequel, Si Doel Anak Modern in 1975. As a producer, he formed the movie company Jiung Film, which created Musuh Bebuyutan (Arch-Nemesis; 1974), Benyamin Koboi Ngungsi (Benjamin the Refugee Cowboy; 1975) and Hippies Lokal (Local Hippies; 1976). He also starred in eleven films which featured his name in the title, including Benyamin Biang Kerok (1972), <mask> Brengsek (Benyamin the Asshole; 1973) and Benyamin Jatuh Cinta (Benyamin Falls in Love; 1976).In the 1980s, after releasing Betty Bencong Slebor (Betty, the Frightful Transvestite), he decided to stop producing his own films and closed his movie company due to his revenues being less than production costs. He played in more than 53 films, as the main character or a supporting character. Death

He died of a heart attack on September 5, 1995 after playing soccer. Personal life
In 1959, Benyamin married Noni. He proposed to her, but was rejected by her stepfather. After that, he proposed to Noni's biological father and was accepted. One year later, Beib, his first son was born.He divorced Noni on July 7, 1979 and reconciled in the same year. Awards
In 1973, Benyamin received a Citra Award for Intan Berduri. In 1975, he won another for Si Doel Anak Modern. In 1995, he received a special award from the committee of Festival Sinetron Indonesia for his contribution to the development of Indonesian soap operas. Benyamin was celebrated in a Google Doodle on 22 September 2020, on the occasion of the commemoration of a park with his name in East


title: Harmony Korine

texts:
<mask> (born January 4, 1973) is an American director, contemporary artist, producer, actor, screenwriter, author, photographer and skateboarder. He is best known for his films which feature his erratic, loose and transgressive aesthetic, exploring taboo themes and incorporating experimental techniques, as well as his various endeavors into art, music, fashion and advertising. He has been acclaimed for his films Gummo (1997) and Julien Donkey-Boy (1999) which explore unconventional narratives and themes of dysfunctional families, as well as Mister Lonely (2007), Spring Breakers (2012) and The Beach Bum (2019). Early life
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Bolinas, California, the son of Eve and <mask>. His father was an Iranian Jewish immigrant. His father was a tapdancer and produced documentaries for PBS in the 1970s about an "array of colorful Southern characters"; he would take Korine to carnivals and circuses and taught him how to use a Bolex camera. As a child, Korine watched movies with his father, who rented Buster Keaton films for Korine and took him to see Werner Herzog's Even Dwarfs Started Small (1970) in the theater.<mask> reminisced that "I knew there was a poetry in cinema that I had never seen before that was so powerful." <mask> spent his early childhood in the San Francisco Bay Area living with his family on a commune. In the early 1980s, they relocated to Nashville, Tennessee, where he attended Hillsboro High School before moving to New York City to live with his grandmother. As a teenager, Korine spent his summers in San Francisco, "skateboarding, living on rooftops, running away from my parents, getting in fights. You

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Harmony Korine
Korine
Sol Korine
Korine
Korine


title: Harmony Korine

texts:
 know, girls. At that point I was just getting into movies, but the idea of making films happened later in high school." He began frequenting revival theaters, watching films by John Cassavetes, Werner Herzog, Jean-Luc Godard, Rainer Werner Fassbinder and Alan Clarke.In an interview with Bruce LaBruce, <mask> briefly mentioned that he studied Business Administration in college. Other sources state that he studied Dramatic Writing at Tisch School of the Arts at New York University for one semester before dropping out to pursue a career as a professional skateboarder. Career

Kids and Gummo (1995–1998)
<mask> was skating with friends in Washington Square Park when he met photographer Larry Clark. Impressed, the photographer asked him to compose a script about skaters and to include in the plot a teenage AIDS experience. <mask> told Clark, "I've been waiting all my life to write this story." Within three weeks, <mask> wrote Kids, a film about 24 hours in the sex and drug-filled lives of several Manhattan teenagers in New York City during the AIDS crisis. Kids received mixed reviews, but due to its NC-17 rating, few audiences actually saw the film upon its debut.However, it has since become a significant cult film. Among others, the film features Chloë Sevigny and Rosario Dawson in their first movie roles. The film, while controversial, jumpstarted <mask>'s career. This put him into contact with film producer Cary Woods who budgeted about $1 million to produce Gummo, <mask>'s personal vision. In 1997, <mask> wrote and directed Gummo, a film based on life in Xenia, Ohio, a town devastated by a tornado in the early 1970s. Forgoing conventional

masks: Korine Korine Korine Korine Korine Korine Korine


title: Harmony Korine

texts: narrative, Gummo is a nonlinear, fragmented series of sketches written by <mask>. Much of the cast was found during preproduction where it was filmed in Tennessee, and of all those who appeared in the film, only five were experienced actors.The film is notable for having unsettling, often bizarre scenes, as well as its dreamlike soundtrack, which strengthens the disconcerting atmosphere. It features "an eclectic soundtrack including death metal, Madonna and Roy Orbison. It premiered at the 24th Telluride Film Festival on August 29, 1997. During the screening, numerous people got up and left during the initial cat drowning sequence. Three months later, Werner Herzog called <mask> to give praise to the film overall, especially the bacon taped to the wall during the bathtub scene. He told The New York Times, "When I saw a piece of fried bacon fixed to the bathroom wall in Gummo, it knocked me off my chair. [<mask>'s] a very clear voice of a generation of filmmakers that is taking a new position.It's not going to dominate world cinema, but so what?" Although a majority of mainstream critics derided it as an unintelligible mess, it won top prizes at that year's Venice Film Festival and earned <mask> the respect of noted filmmakers such as Gus Van Sant, among others. It has been called "unlike anything you've seen in a while – maybe ever" – and that "if you're the kind of person who claims to be frustrated by the predictability of commercial filmmaking, [it presents] a rare opportunity to put your money where your mouth is." In 1998, <mask> released The Diary of Anne Frank Pt II, a 40-minute three-screen collage featuring a boy burying his dog,

masks: Korine Korine Korine Korine Korine


title: Harmony Korine

texts:
 kids in satanic dress vomiting on a Bible, and a man in black-face dancing and singing "My Bonnie Lies over the Ocean". It utilizes some of the same actors and themes as Gummo, and can be considered a companion piece as the film utilises footage that didn't make the final cut of Gummo. The film "further disgusted critics" and solidified his status as a notoriously shocking and experimental director. Julien Donkey-Boy and Ken Park (1999–2003)
Julien Donkey-Boy, released in 1999, included a signed Dogme 95 manifesto.While it broke a number of the movement's basic tenets, Lars Von Trier lauded <mask>'s ability to interpret the rules creatively. The story is told from the perspective of a young man suffering from untreated schizophrenia, played by Ewen Bremner, as he tries to understand his deteriorating world. Julien's abusive and arguably hypersensitive father is played by Werner Herzog. At one point, <mask> was to play the son, but he backed down and was replaced by Bremner. Like Gummo and Kids, it too has since become something of a cult classic, a go-to film for those seeking cinema that is, as Roger Ebert said in his three star review, "shocking for most moviegoers", unlike "the slick aboveground indie productions" that are now the norm. In 2000, The Devil, The Sinner, and His Journey premiered, which featured <mask> in black metal corpsepaint as O. J. Simpson and Johnny Depp as Kato Kaelin. In 2002, Larry Clark made Ken Park, based on a script <mask> had written several years earlier.The film, another adult tale of youth gone awry, was not distributed in the United States. At the time of its release, Clark and <mask> had long since parted


title: Harmony Korine

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 ways, and <mask> had no involvement in its production. In 2003, he made the television documentary Above the Below about his friend and collaborator David Blaine and his 44-day stunt in a park over the bank of River Thames in London inside a suspended plexiglas box. A documentary commissioned by Sky Television and Channel 4, it also includes jokes, visual poetry, and music. In addition, <mask> has worked with Blaine on a number of Blaine's specials. He first met his wife, Rachel (Simon) <mask>, a 17-year-old from Nashville, around this time. Mister Lonely and Trash Humpers (2007–2009)
His third feature film, Mister Lonely, was co-written by his brother, Avi <mask>, and starred Diego Luna, Samantha Morton, Denis Lavant, Anita Pallenberg, David Blaine, Werner Herzog and Mal Whiteley.The movie was released in 2008 and debuted at Cannes. His largest film, with a budget of $8.2 million, it received mixed reviews and earned $386,915 in its first 9 months. The film is the story of "a young American man lost in Paris. He scratches out a living as a Michael Jackson look-alike, dancing in the streets, in public parks, at tourist spots and trade shows. Different from everyone else, he feels as if he's floating between two worlds. During a show at a geriatric home Michael Jackson meets Marilyn Monroe. Haunted by her angelic beauty he follows her to a commune in the Highlands, joining her husband Charlie Chaplin and her daughter Shirley Temple.The commune is a place where everyone is famous and "no-one gets old". Here, The Pope, The Queen of the United Kingdom, Madonna, James Dean and other impersonators build a stage in the hope that the world will visit

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 and watch them perform. Everything is beautiful. Until the world shifts, and reality intrudes on their utopian dream." <mask> also appeared in the 2007 documentary film Beautiful Losers in which his life and career were one focus of the film, along with other artists such as Mike Mills, Shepard Fairey, Margaret Kilgallen, Jo Jackson and Barry McGee. In the documentary, <mask> discusses his motivation as an artist and filmmaker, as well as his inspiration for creating films he has never seen. Footage also appears from one of <mask>'s rare, early, and untitled short films, which preceded his work on Kids.In 2008 <mask> was signed to MJZ for worldwide commercial representation. On 6 September 2009 <mask>'s film Trash Humpers premiered as part of the Visions section of the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival. Despite being a work of fiction, the film went on to win the top award at the prominent European documentary film festival CPH:DOX – Copenhagen International Documentary Festival – in November 2009. In March 2011, <mask> released a short film entitled Umshini Wam, which is a popular Zulu struggle song meaning "bring me my machine gun". The film starred Ninja and Yo-Landi of Die Antwoord. In September 2011, <mask> released a short film entitled Snowballs, sponsored by the Proenza Schouler fashion label. Spring Breakers and The Beach Bum (2012–present)
<mask>'s next project was the crime drama Spring Breakers, which was produced in 2012 in Florida, and starred James Franco, Selena Gomez, Vanessa Hudgens, Ashley Benson, and <mask>'s wife, <mask>.In looking at early scenes being filmed and in speaking toward the plot, cast, and earlier

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 works of the filmmaker, Indiewire wrote "this might be the weirdest movie the director has ever made simply by nature of being totally unlike his previous work." "That Mr. <mask> appears to be having it both (or many) ways may seem like a cop-out, but only if you believe that the role of the artist is to be a didact or a scold", wrote The New York Times. Principal filming wrapped up on March 30, 2012. The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival. Spring Breakers received its world premiere at the 2012 Venice International Film Festival, and later was shown at the Toronto International Film Festival before being released to the general public in March 2013. <mask>'s feature The Beach Bum was released in 2019, starring Matthew McConaughey as Moondog, Isla Fisher as his wife Minnie, Martin Lawrence as Captain Wack, and Snoop Dogg as Lingerie. Artistry and reception

Style and aesthetic
<mask> has not primarily regarded himself as a director, instead describing a "unified aesthetic" that his filmography explores as much as his art and photography.Much of his filmography, including his screenplays, explores themes of dysfunctional families, mental disorders, abuse, hedonism, poverty and various subcultures, with unreliable narrators and a collage of perspectives. This is often presented experimentally, with many of <mask>'s films incorporating Polaroids, Super 8, 35mm film and VHS recordings, such as in Gummo and Julien Donkey-Boy. Improvisation is also an important filmmaking technique for <mask>, as a way to maintain his films as "living thing[s]." <mask> has described the social,

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 psychological and subcultural aspects of his films as constituting what he describes as the "American Landscape". <mask> credited tap-dance, vaudeville and minstrelsy as influences on his work in the 1990s and 2000s, with him especially naming the comedy of Fanny Brice, Eddie Cantor and Al Jolson as inspirations for his intentionally stilted style of presentation and humor. Like vaudeville, the style of <mask>'s work is presentational and works purely by thematic association. He has compared with this to viewing picture books of assorted photos, which would be seemingly devoid of context, but because they are compiled and presented in succession, a narrative is formed, and <mask> has said that Gummo and his subsequent films were written in this fashion, striving to retain a "margin of the undefined."In 2009, he summarized an ideal setting in his aesthetic as "an abandoned parking lot and a soiled sofa on the edge [...] with a street lamp off to the side. America seems like a series of abandoned parking lots, streetlights and abandoned sofas." Ensuing from this, the setting appears frequently in his film Trash Humpers (2009). Influences
In 1997, <mask>'s favorite writers were listed as the humorists James Thurber and S. J. Perelman, as well as the Southern Gothic novelist Flannery O'Connor. He also credited the philosopher Walter Benjamin as an influence. In recent years, <mask> has praised rapper and collaborator Gucci Mane. <mask> has noted British filmmaker Alan Clarke as a strong inspiration on his filmmaking, especially with regards to his realism and use of extensive scenes.In 1999, he listed his top ten films as Pixote by Héctor


title: Harmony Korine

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 Babenco, Badlands and Days of Heaven by Terrence Malick, Fat City by John Huston, Stroszek by Werner Herzog, The Killing of a Chinese Bookie and A Woman Under the Influence by John Cassavetes, McCabe and Mrs. Miller by Robert Altman, Out of the Blue by Dennis Hopper and Hail Mary by Jean-Luc Godard. Criticism and praise
Despite the scorn of a majority of mainstream reviewers, <mask> has won festival prizes at Venice and Rotterdam among others. Established directors such as Bernardo Bertolucci and Gus Van Sant are also outspoken proponents of <mask>'s work, with Van Sant saying Gummo "changed his life" and Bertolucci saying Korine "created a revolution in the language of cinema." <mask> was initially frequently labeled as an enfant terrible and was often accused of exploitation and self-indulgence; he responded in 1997, asking "How can an artist be expected not to be self-indulgent? That's the whole thing that's wrong with filmmaking today [...] To me, art is one man's voice, one idea, one point-of-view, coming from one person." <mask> feels there is no need to justify or explain the images he puts to the screen, clarifying that they are simply the result of "a cinema of passion and obsession." He has added that "I mostly just make things to entertain myself and at the same time hope that there's some type of audience that likes what I'm doing."<mask> has also stated that "film is like a dead art because of people not taking chances", and has shown his preference for "auteurist works". He stated in 1999 that "In another ten or fifteen years, the people that understand and appreciate Gummo or my work will be in positions of power", declaring


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 that the culture presented in his art was going to become more prominent. <mask> has said that his films are created with the premise that if there is at least one image that sticks with you after viewing a film and makes you change your perspective on cinema, then it is a success. Roger Ebert subsequently said in his review of Julien Donkey-Boy that "<mask>, who at 25 is one of the most untamed new directors, belongs on the list with Godard, Cassavetes, Herzog, Warhol, Tarkovsky, Brakhage and others who smash conventional movies and reassemble the pieces ... <mask> is the real thing, an innovative and gifted filmmaker whose work forces us to see on his terms." Other ventures

Books
<mask> has published a number of books. A Crack Up at the Race Riots, an experimental book of fragments which he jokingly described in press appearances and interviews as his attempt to write "the Great American Choose Your Own Adventure novel", was published in 1998 by Drag City. The screenplay for Kids (1995) was published by Grove Press the same year, followed by a collection of the screenplays for Gummo (1997), Julien Donkey-Boy (1999) and an unfinished screenplay named Jokes in Collected Screenplays, published by Faber and Faber in 2002.The screenplay for Mister Lonely (2007) was released by Swiss publisher Nieves with photographs by <mask> and Brent Stewart in 2008. The majority of these books differ substantially from the movies eventually produced. Drag City also published a collection of his fanzines called The Collected Fanzines with skateboarder and writer Mark Gonzales in 2008. <mask> released a number of photographic collections, usually in

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texts: conjunction with gallery exhibits. In 1998 he published The Bad Son in conjunction with Taka Ishii gallery in Tokyo, documenting his various photo shoots with Macaulay Culkin. In 2002, Pass the Bitch Chicken was released, a collaboration with artist Christopher Wool, which consists of <mask>'s photographs heavily edited by <mask> and Wool. In 2009 he published Pigxote in conjunction with the Vanderbilt University Fine Arts Gallery and released by Nieves.The university describes the exhibition, which ran through February 26, 2009, as culling "together a number of photographs from <mask>'s private files in order to reveal a side of the artist's creative process that remains largely unexamined. Depicting an unnamed, mysterious young girl moving through a televised landscape of shifting contexts, Pigxote further illustrates Korine's interest in replacing plot lines and expected narrative tropes with intuitively arranged "experiential moments." They also provide a unique insight into the poetic mind of Nashville's most compelling prodigal son." In 2003 his works were presented at an exhibition at agnès b's Galerie du jour in Paris, with whom <mask> has often been associated. In 2010, <mask> collaborated with New York Visual Artist Bill Saylor on the book Ho Bags. The book consists of drawing and paintings in which <mask> and Saylor drew over each other's works. In 2011 Korine collaborated with the New York brand Supreme, releasing a set of two skateboard decks featuring original artworks by Korine.Since 2014, <mask>sian gallery in various locations, including New York, London, Beverly Hills and Geneva. Seven of these have been solo exhibitions. In

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 2019 the Gagosian featured a collection of works by <mask> titled "Young Twitchy". These works consisted of photographs taken by the artist, mostly around his home in Florida, which were then recreated in oil paint and augmented with different characters. Commercials
<mask> directed a commercial for Dior Addict Fragrance in 2014. In February 2020, <mask> directed and photographed a Gucci tailoring campaign starring Tyler, the Creator, A$AP Rocky and Iggy Pop. In 2021, <mask> directed a commercial for 7-Eleven featuring the song "Fred Sanford" by hip hop duo Marlowe, which subsequently went viral.Music
<mask> has directed a number of music videos for artists such as Sonic Youth, Will Oldham, Cat Power and the Black Keys. In addition, he sang on Oldham's Ease Down The Road (2001). In 1999 <mask> and Brian Degraw of Gang Gang Dance released a one-off album, SSAB Songs. He also co-authored the lyrics of Björk's "Harm of Will" from her album Vespertine (2001), and co-wrote Lana Del Rey's "Florida Kilos" which is featured on the deluxe edition of her album Ultraviolence (2014). <mask> directed the music video for Rihanna's "Needed Me" which was released on April 21, 2016. In the same year, <mask> directed a Supreme commercial starring rapper Gucci Mane (who had previously appeared in Spring Breakers), and appeared in the music video for Gucci Mane and Travis Scott's "Last Time". Personal life

<mask> met Chloë Sevigny in Washington Square Park in New York City during her senior year of high school in 1993.The two became close friends, which resulted in her being cast in the low-budget independent film Kids (1995). They had a romantic relationship

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 that ended in the early 2000s though they are still friends. He is now married to actress Rachel Simon, with whom he has two children. On an episode of The Eric Andre Show, during a sketch in which he dresses and acts like a drunken sailor piloting a ship crossing through New York, he at one point claims "I wrote the screenplay for Spring Breakers!" This is intentionally untrue, as the film was written, as well as directed, by <mask>. References

External links

1973 births
Living people
20th-century American screenwriters
21st-century American screenwriters
American male screenwriters
Jewish American screenwriters
Film directors from California
People from Bolinas, California
People from Nashville, Tennessee
Film directors from Tennessee
Screenwriters from California
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American


title: Athanasius Schneider

texts:
<mask> (born <mask> on 7 April 1961) is a Roman Catholic bishop, the auxiliary bishop of Astana, Kazakhstan. He is a member of the Canons Regular of the Holy Cross of Coimbra. He is known for championing the pre-Vatican II liturgical traditions and practices of the Church and for protesting certain current policies, including some associated with Pope Francis. Family and early life
<mask> was born in Tokmok, Kirghiz SSR, in the Soviet Union. According to <mask>′s account, his parents were Black Sea Germans (ethnic German settlers who lived along the northern coast of the Black Sea in the Russian Empire), who at the end of World War II were evacuated to Berlin whence they were deported and exiled by the USSR regime to a labor camp in Krasnokamsk in the Ural Mountains. His family was closely involved with the underground church. <mask>'s mother Maria was one of several women to shelter the Blessed Oleksa Zaryckyj, a Ukrainian priest later imprisoned at the infamous Karlag and in 1963 martyred by the Soviet regime for his ministry.The family relocated to the Kirghiz SSR after being released from the camps, then left Central Asia for Estonia. As a boy, <mask> and his three siblings would attend clandestine Masses with their parents, often traveling sixty miles from the family's home in Valga to Tartu, taking the first train in the morning under the cover of darkness and returning with the last train at night. Due to the great distance, infrequent visits by the clergy, and crackdowns by the Soviet authorities, they were able to make the trip only once a month. In 1973, shortly after making

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 his first Holy Communion in secret, <mask> emigrated with his family to Rottweil in West Germany. Training and priesthood
In 1982 in Austria, <mask> joined the Canons Regular of the Holy Cross of Coimbra, a Roman Catholic religious order within the Opus Sanctorum Angelorum, and took the religious name Athanasius. He was ordained a priest by Bishop Manuel Pestana Filho of Anápolis on 25 March 1990, and spent several years as a priest in Brazil before returning to Central Asia. Starting in 1999, he taught Patristics at Mary, Mother of the Church Seminary in Karaganda.On 2 June 2006 he was consecrated a bishop at the Altar of the Chair of Saint Peter in the Vatican by Cardinal Angelo Sodano. In 2011 he was transferred to the position of auxiliary bishop in the Archdiocese of Astana. He is the General Secretary of the Bishops' Conference of Kazakhstan. <mask> speaks German, Russian, Portuguese, Spanish, English, French and Italian, and he reads Latin and Ancient Greek. Views
<mask> is known for his traditionalism. He has criticized clergy members who he believes do not fully adhere to the faith and instead surrender to what he calls a "cruel pagan world." In 2014, he compared them to "members of the clergy and even bishops who put grains of incense in front of the statue of the emperor or of a pagan idol or who delivered the books of the Holy Scripture to be burned."He alleged that the present Catholic Church is beset by "traitors of the Faith." <mask> has frequently travelled to conferences hosted by conservative and traditional Catholics. In 2018, he was warned by the Holy See to limit

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 his travel outside his diocese, as canon law only allows a bishop to be absent for no more than a month unless on official duty. This led to him increasingly appearing at conferences via video. Holy Communion
<mask> passionately supports the liturgical tradition of receiving Holy Communion on the tongue while kneeling, as a sign of love for the body and blood of Jesus. This is the theme of his 2008 book Dominus Est, published in Italian, and since translated into English, German, Estonian, Lithuanian, Polish, Hungarian and Chinese. The book contains a foreword written by Malcolm Ranjith, then the Secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship, currently Archbishop of Colombo and Metropolitan head of the church in Sri Lanka.In the book, <mask> writes that receiving Holy Communion in this way had become standard practice in the church by the 5th century, and that Pope Gregory I strongly chastised priests who refused to follow this tradition. He wrote in 2009: "The awareness of the greatness of the eucharistic mystery is demonstrated in a special way by the manner in which the body of the Lord is distributed and received." <mask> has vigorously upheld the traditional teaching of the Catholic Church that divorce and remarriage outside of it constitutes the mortal sin of adultery, and thus makes one ineligible to receive Holy Communion. In a 2014 interview, <mask> said that calls to change this practice came from "anti-Christian media." He suggested this was "a false concept of mercy," saying: "It is comparable to a doctor who gives a [diabetic] patient sugar, although he knows it will

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 kill him." In 2016, Pope Francis released the apostolic exhortation Amoris laetitia which seemed to allow divorced and civilly remarried persons to take the Eucharist under some circumstances, and this was put into practice by some bishops, arousing intense controversy. <mask> strongly criticized this, asserting that the perennial teaching is "more powerful and surer than the discordant voice and practice of admitting unrepentant adulterers to Holy Communion, even if this practice is promoted by a single Pope or the diocesan bishops."On April 7, 2018, <mask>, along with conservative cardinals Raymond Leo Burke and Walter Brandmüller, participated in a conference rejecting the outline proposed by German bishops to allow divorced and civilly remarried Catholics to receive the Eucharist. <mask> spoke of the duty of popes to be "custodians" of authority. Clergy sex abuse
On August 25, 2018, Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò, former apostolic nuncio to the United States, released an 11-page letter describing a series of warnings to the Vatican regarding sexual misconduct by Theodore McCarrick, accusing Francis of failing to act on these reports and calling on him to resign. <mask> said that there was "no reasonable and plausible cause to doubt the truth content of the document." He demanded "ruthlessness and transparency" in cleansing the church of evils, particularly "homosexual cliques and networks" in the curia that he and some others have blamed for helping to cause the abuse epidemic. <mask> called on all "cardinals, bishops and priests to renounce any compromise and any flirtation with


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 the world." Interreligious relations
<mask> stated in a January 2013 interview that proselytizing by "false religions and sects" should be restricted in majority-Catholic counties."When there is (a Catholic majority) then false religions and sects have not the right to make propaganda there," he said. <mask> added that this does not mean that governments can "suppress them, they can live, but (governments) cannot give them the same right to make propaganda to the detriment of Catholics." <mask> has spoken out against Muslim immigration into Europe. He stated in a 2018 interview that heavy Muslim immigration during the 2010s was orchestrated by "international powerful political organizations...to take away from Europe its Christian and its national identity. It is meant to dilute the Christian and the national character of Europe." <mask> alleged that the Syrian Civil War was orchestrated by international powers with a view to stirring up a migrant crisis to de-Christianize Europe, and that mass immigration into Europe from Northern Africa was likewise "artificially created." Liturgy
<mask> is a strong promoter of the Tridentine Mass.He has rebuked priests for using "a careless and superficial–almost an entertainment style" of liturgy, adding that liturgy must be conducted with "beauty and reverence." According to <mask>, "You cannot change the liturgy by the tastes of the time. The liturgy is timeless." <mask> has offered Mass in the Byzantine Rite numerous times, praising it as "permeated with respect, with reverence, with a supernatural spirit and adoration." <mask> criticized the

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 closing of churches during the COVID-19 pandemic, remarking that numerous other establishments remained open, and proposing that churches could safely remain open if sanitary procedures were followed and additional Masses were offered to limit crowding. Declaration of Truths
At a theological conference in Rome in December 2010, <mask> proposed the need for "a new Syllabus" (recalling the Syllabus of Errors of 1864), in which papal teaching authority would correct erroneous interpretations of the documents of the Second Vatican Council. On June 10, 2019, <mask>, along with cardinals Burke and Jānis Pujats, as well as Kazakh archbishops Tomasz Peta of Astana and Jan Paul Lenga, published a 40-point "Declaration of Truths" claiming to reaffirm traditional church teaching.The bishops wrote that such a declaration was necessary in a time of "almost universal doctrinal confusion and disorientation." Specific passages in the declaration implicitly reply to writings of Pope Francis. The declaration states that "the religion born of faith in Jesus Christ" is the "only religion positively willed by God," seemingly alluding to the Document on Human Fraternity signed by Pope Francis which stated that the "diversity of religions" is "willed by God." Following recent changes to the Catechism to oppose capital punishment, the declaration states that the church "did not err" in teaching that civil authorities may "lawfully exercise capital punishment" when it is "truly necessary" and to preserve the "just order of societies." Amazon Synod
In September 2019, <mask> and Burke published an 8-page

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 letter denouncing six alleged theological errors in the working document for the Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon region, and asking that Pope Francis "confirm his brethren in the faith by an unambiguous rejection of the errors." Burke and <mask> criticized the Synod document for its "implicit pantheism," support for married clergy, a greater role for women in the liturgy, and excessive openness to Amazonian pagan rituals and practices. They asked the laity and clergy to pray at least one decade of the Rosary and to fast weekly for the rejection of such ideas over a 40-day period from September 17 to October 26.Second Vatican Council
In an article dated May 31, 2020, <mask> argued that the Second Vatican Council introduced erroneous statements never before taught by the magisterium of the church. He also states the novelties of the Council are directly responsible for the crisis of faith experienced in the Catholic Church in the second half of the 20th century and in the 21st century. References

Bibliography

<mask>, <mask> (2019) Christus Vincit: Christ's Triumph Over the Darkness of the Age, In conversation with Diane Montagna. : Angelico Press

Interviews

 <mask>, <mask>; Fülep Dániel (6 March 2016). Exclusive interview with His Excellence DR. ATHANASIUS SCHNEIDER O.R.C. by Dániel Fülep director (Newman Center of Hungary) https://rorate-caeli.blogspot.com/2016/04/exclusive-interview-with-bishop.html or here: http://newman.hu/index.php/interview-with-schneider/  or here at Gloria.tv https://gloria.tv/text/2wFmpf23UdG1CQZeWn1fWiNGE
 <mask>, <mask>; Fülep Dániel (6 March

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 2016). REGNUM EUCHARISTICUM.The first visit of Bishop <mask> <mask> to Hungary. Three lectures, a sermon and an exclusive interview. Hungarian and English language e-book version: http://mek.oszk.hu/15500/15547/15547.pdf (For the English version, see page 77)
 <mask>, <mask>; Fülep Dániel (July 2018). CATHOLIC CHURCH: WHERE ARE YOU HEADING?, Interview book, Theologian Dániel Fülep's interview with Bishop <mask> <mask>, Auxiliary Bishop of the Archdiocese of Saint Mary in Astana. The e-book is free download. Hungarian Electronic Library
http://mek.oszk.hu/18600/18638/18638.pdf

External links

21st-century Roman Catholic titular bishops
Kazakhstani people of German descent
Kazakhstani Roman Catholic bishops
Kazakhstani traditionalist Catholics
People from Chuy Region
Living people
1961

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title: Andrew Adamson

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<mask>  (born 1 December 1966) is a New Zealand film director, producer, and screenwriter based in Los Angeles, where he directed the Academy Award-winning animated films Shrek and Shrek 2. He was director, executive producer, and scriptwriter for the 2005 production of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. He also worked on the movies Batman Forever and Batman & Robin as a visual effects supervisor. He was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to film, in the 2006 Queen's Birthday Honours. Personal life
<mask>'s parents were a homemaker and a computer engineer. Born in New Zealand, <mask> moved to Papua New Guinea with his parents aged eleven, and he returned to Auckland aged eighteen. When 24, he moved to San Francisco, and divided time between there and Los Angeles.Since making the Narnia films, he has settled back in New Zealand. Adamson has two daughters. Career
Adamson wanted to be an architect, but missed a university enrollment deadline because of a car accident. <mask> was recruited by Pacific Data Images to go to work in the USA. The company opened an office in the California city of Los Angeles. There he served as a technical director in the following movies: Toys (1992), starring Robin Williams, and Angels in the Outfield (1994), starring Danny Glover. Previously.<mask> specialised in ads but preferred the idea of telling a story in longer format. <mask> served as visual effects supervisor in the 1995 film Batman Forever, A Time to Kill (1996), and Batman & Robin (1997). Shrek
<mask> directed Shrek (the first installment in the series), based on the 1990 picture book written by William Steig with a modest budget of US$60 million in 2001. However, the film became a worldwide success, taking in nearly $500 million in the box office, including more than $40 million in its opening week-end. The film featured the lead voices of Mike Myers, Eddie Murphy, Cameron Diaz and John Lithgow. The next film in the series Shrek 2 (2004) had a big Hollywood budget

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 of around $150 million, and was even a bigger success than the first film, taking in more than $900 million worldwide. The film opened to over $100 million, one of the highest openings ever at the time.<mask> directed this film and also wrote the story. However, he did not direct the next film in the series, Shrek the Third, as he had been contracted by Walden Media to work on The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe. Instead, the film was directed by Chris Miller and Raman Hui while Adamson served as executive producer. The script of the film was written by J. David Stem and Joe Stillman. The third film was financially successful, taking in more than $795 million worldwide with a budget of no more than $160 million, but received mixed reviews from critics. The Chronicles of Narnia
Adamson achieved commercial success and worldwide attention with The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe, which he co-produced, co-wrote and directed. The film is based on the book of the same name by C.S.Lewis, and won various awards, gained critical praise and was a box office success, becoming the third highest-grossing film worldwide of 2005 according to Box Office Mojo. The film opened in the US and Canada with totals of higher than $65 million and the film ended up with a worldwide gross of $744,783,957 with a budget of $180 million according to Box Office Mojo. He returned as director to the next Narnia film: The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian which had a worldwide release in May 2008 and grossed over $419 million at the box office. <mask> returned as producer of The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader released in Australia on 9 December 2010, and in the United States and UK on 10 December the same year. At the moment though, 20th Century Fox and Walden Media still hold the rights to the series, and they currently retain the option to make The Chronicles of Narnia: The Silver Chair in the future. However, 20th Century Fox and Walden Media decided to produce The

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 Magician's Nephew as the next Narnia film instead of The Silver Chair. But, in October 2011, Douglas Gresham confirmed that Walden Media's contract with the C. S. Lewis estate had expired, and any production of a future film was on hold indefinitely.Music
Experimental hip hop group Death Grips worked with <mask> on their 2018 album Year of the Snitch. He appears on the track "Dilemma," delivering a spoken word introduction to the song. Filmography

Producer only
 The Chronicles of Narnia: The Voyage of the Dawn Treader (2010)

Executive producer only
 Ballast (2008)
 Shrek Forever After (2010)
 Puss in Boots (2011)

Other credits

Accolades
<mask> has directed films which have received several accolades. Shrek won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, and the National Board of Review Award for Best Animated Film. Shrek 2 won the People's Choice Awards for Favorite Movie Comedy, Favorite Sequel, and Favorite Animated Movie. The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, The Witch and the Wardrobe won the Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling, the BAFTA Award for Best Makeup and Hair, the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Family Film, and the Saturn Awards for Best Make-up and Best Special Effects. See also
 New Zealand cinema
 William Steig
 Jeffrey Katzenberg
 DreamWorks Animation
 Shrek
 The Walt Disney Company
 Walden Media
 Chronicles of Narnia
 Reel FX
 Death Grips
 Harvest Records
 Epic Records

References

External links

1966 births
Living people
20th-century New Zealand writers
20th-century New Zealand male writers
20th-century male writers
21st-century New Zealand writers
21st-century male writers
Annie Award winners
Directors of Best Animated Feature Academy Award winners
DreamWorks Animation people
Fantasy film directors
Male screenwriters
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit
New Zealand animated film directors
New Zealand expatriates in the United States
New Zealand film directors
New Zealand screenwriters
New Zealand film


title: Herbert Menges

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<mask> OBE (27 August 190220 February 1972) was an English conductor and composer, who wrote incidental music to all of Shakespeare's plays. Life and career
<mask> was born in Hove on 27 August 1902. His father was German and his mother British. His elder sister was the violinist <mask>. <mask> appeared in public as a violinist at the age of four. He later abandoned the violin for the piano, and he studied at the Royal College of Music under Gustav Holst and Ralph Vaughan Williams. Other teachers included Mathilde Verne and Arthur De Greef.<mask>'s mother Kate founded the Brighton Symphony Players in 1925 and the first concert was given in the Hove Town Hall on 18 May 1925, conducted by <mask>. After some years the Players evolved into the Brighton Philharmonic Society, forerunner of the Southern Philharmonic Orchestra, a professional group based in Brighton from 1945 which also gave regular concerts in Portsmouth and Hastings. <mask> was a powerful advocate of the regional professional orchestras. He remained the orchestra's musical director for the remaining 47 years of his life, during which time it became the Brighton Philharmonic Orchestra in 1958, and conducted the orchestra 326 times. He conducted the premieres of a number of works by contemporary English composers. In 1931 he became musical director of the Old Vic Theatre, in which capacity he wrote (or arranged from composers such as Henry Purcell) incidental music for all the plays of William Shakespeare, and numerous plays by other writers. Notable among these was his music for a 1949

masks:
Herbert Menges
Siegfried Frederick Herbert Menges
Isolde Menges
Herbert
Menges
Herbert Menges
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title: Herbert Menges

texts: production of Love's Labour's Lost.He was associated with the productions of John Gielgud from 1933 onwards. His assistant there for three years was John Cook. He remained with the Old Vic until 1950. From 1941 to 1944, alongside Lawrance Collingwood he conducted performance in London and around Britain for operas with the Sadler's Wells Theatre Orchestra, before returning to the Old Vic company when it moved to the New Theatre. He toured with Laurence Olivier and Ralph Richardson to Paris, Germany, the Low countries and New York, where he also conducted the CBS Symphony Orchestra. He also became musical director of the Royalty Theatre in London. In 1931 he founded the London Rehearsal Orchestra, whose purpose was to help young musicians learn difficult pieces.In 1951 he wrote the music for the Laurence Olivier-Vivien Leigh Broadway production of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra. That same year, Malcolm Arnold dedicated his A Sussex Overture, Op. 31, to <mask> and the Brighton Philharmonic Society. He considered that he had a strong affinity with Bach and conducted the Viennese classics and composers such as Verdi and Tchaikovsky with restraint, while his Brahms and Dvorak are warmer in his interpretations. His rehearsal and conducting technique were commended for their economy and he would often forego the baton in more expressive passages. A later critic, discussing his recordings, praised the rhythmic acuity, superb internal balance in the orchestra and the precision of attack he achieved, comparing his approach with Paray and Monteux. He had


title: Herbert Menges

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 conducting engagements with the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, the Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, and the BBC Symphony Orchestra.He became Director of Music at the Chichester Festival Theatre from 1962. <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1963. He died on 20 February 1972, in London, aged 69. His name now appears as tribute on some Brighton and Hove buses. Many of his letters and scores are held at McMaster University Library, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. He was married in 1935 to Evelyn Stiebel and had three children, Nicholas, Christopher (an Academy Award-winning cinematographer) and Susannah. Recordings
<mask> made a number of recordings, almost all of which were of concertante works:
 Ludwig van Beethoven: Piano Concertos No.1-5, Philharmonia Orchestra, Solomon
 Johannes Brahms, Violin Concerto in D, London Symphony Orchestra, Joseph Szigeti
 Britten, Piano Concerto, Jacques Abram, Philharmonia Orchestra, recorded Abbey Rd, 25 January 1956
 Edvard Grieg, Piano Concerto in A minor, Moura Lympany
 Grieg: Piano Concerto in A minor, Philharmonia Orchestra, Solomon
 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Piano Concertos Nos. 23 and 24, Philharmonia Orchestra, Solomon
 Sergei Prokofiev, Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Philharmonia Orchestra, Shura Cherkassky
 Prokofiev, Violin Concerto No. 1, London Symphony Orchestra, Joseph Szigeti
 Sergei Rachmaninoff, Rhapsody on a Theme of Paganini, Shura Cherkassky
 Alan Rawsthorne, Piano Concerto No. 1, Philharmonia Orchestra, Moura Lympany
 Edmund Rubbra, Piano Concerto in G, Op. 55,

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Herbert Menges
Herbert Menges


title: Herbert Menges

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 Philharmonia Orchestra, Jacques Abram
 Robert Schumann: Piano Concerto in A minor, Philharmonia Orchestra, Solomon
 Dmitri Shostakovich, Piano Concerto No. 1 (for piano, trumpet and strings), Philharmonia Orchestra, Shura Cherkassky
 Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Piano Concerto No.1 in B minor, London Symphony Orchestra, Byron Janis
 Tchaikovsky: Variations on a Rococo Theme, Philharmonia Orchestra, Paul Tortelier
 Ralph Vaughan Williams: The Wasps, overture, London Symphony Orchestra
 Peter Warlock, Capriol Suite, Philharmonia Orchestra (His Master's Voice – 7EP 7063)
 <mask>: Suite of incidental Music to the play 'Richard of Bordeaux' (1932) performed by instrumental septet conducted by <mask> with Gwen Ffrangcon-Davies (soprano) Decca K 727 (Side 1 only). References

External links

1902 births
1972 deaths
English conductors (music)
British male conductors (music)
English classical composers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Hove
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
20th-century British conductors (music)
20th-century classical composers
English people of German descent
20th-century English composers
English male classical composers
20th-century British male

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Herbert Menges
Menges


title: George Smathers

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<mask> (November 14, 1913 – January 20, 2007) was an American lawyer and politician who represented the state of Florida in the United States Senate from 1951 until 1969 and in the United States House from 1947 to 1951, as a member of the Democratic Party. Early life, education and military service
<mask> was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the son of Lura Frances (Jones) and <mask>. The <mask> Family moved to New Jersey from western North Carolina. <mask> served as a state judge in New Jersey and his brother, William H<mask>, represented New Jersey in the United States Senate. <mask> moved his family to Miami, Florida, when <mask> was six. Smathers attended Miami High School before earning his bachelor’s and law degree at the University of Florida. At Florida, Smathers was captain of the basketball team, a member of the track team, a member of the theatre group, and captain of the debate team.He joined the Sigma Alpha Epsilon social fraternity and was tapped for Florida Blue Key, a campus leadership and service organization. He was elected as President of the Student Body without opposition in 1936. <mask> was inducted into the university's Student Hall of Fame and later into the University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame. After completing his LL.B. in 1939, <mask> married Rosemary Townley from Atlanta and returned to Miami, where he served as Assistant United States Attorney from 1939 to 1942. During World War II, he volunteered for the U.S. Marine Corps and served with Marine Light Bomber Squadron 413 for 19 months in the South Pacific. He survived a crash landing when his light bomber was damaged by enemy fire.<mask> returned to Miami after the war and quickly started his political career. Political career

After the war, <mask> was elected to serve two terms in the United States House of Representatives, representing Florida's Fourth Congressional District from 1947 to 1951. He established a reputation for being a moderate except for his anti-communism. House of Representatives
In 1946, <mask> defeated four-term incumbent Congressman Pat Cannon by a margin of

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George Armistead Smathers
Smathers
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. Smathers
Frank Smathers
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title: George Smathers

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 over two-to-one. <mask> served two terms in the United States House of Representatives, representing Florida's Fourth Congressional District from 1947 to 1951. He established a reputation as a southern liberal and a rising Democratic leader. He was best known for his strong support for President Truman and the Truman Doctrine to contain Soviet and Communist aggression.He fought to make Miami a gateway to Latin American commerce and cultural exchange. Congressman <mask> sponsored legislation to create the Florida Everglades National Park and supported the 24th Constitutional Amendment outlawing the poll tax in federal elections. 1950 Senate Democratic Primary

Congressman <mask>' district included the "Winter White House" of President Harry Truman in Key West, Florida. <mask> was invited by Truman to fly with him from Washington to Key West, establishing a key relationship with President Truman and members of his Cabinet. In 1949, President Truman called <mask> into a meeting at the White House and said, "I want you to do me a favor. I want you to beat that son-of-a-bitch Claude Pepper." Senator Pepper had been a strong critic of President Truman and the Truman Doctrine and had taken a prominent and visible role in the unsuccessful effort to "dump Truman" in the weeks leading up to the 1948 Democratic Party Convention.Senator Pepper was a strong supporter of Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal and recognized as a leading southern liberal. As one of the most effective orators of his era, Pepper was considered unbeatable by most Florida observers. In attempting to become a national figure, though, Senator Pepper promoted an internationalist platform of post-war, peaceful cooperation with the Soviet Union. In his praise for Joseph Stalin, the Red Army, and the Soviet Union, Pepper developed one of the most vulnerable records in Congress. Those positions, as well as his advocacy for sharing nuclear weapons technology with the Soviets, lost him the support of Florida's and the nation's press. Smathers' campaign attacked Pepper on his vulnerable international record, his

masks: Smathers Smathers Smathers Smathers Smathers


title: George Smathers

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 support for universal health care and his changing stands on the Federal Employment Practices Commission. He charged that Pepper was out-of-touch with his Florida constituency and his positions contrary to national interests.<mask> defeated Pepper in the Democratic primary by over 63,000 votes and won handily in the November general election. Significance of 1950 Election

While earlier interpretations stressed anti-communism, race-baiting and red-baiting as the dominant reasons for Pepper's defeat, more recent scholarship has focused on Pepper's vulnerable voting record. Historians also contrasted the two candidates' campaign styles as a factor in the outcome. Finally, <mask> was the first candidate from south Florida to be popularly elected as United States Senator breaking the political monopoly of north and central Florida on the highest statewide offices. His victory marked the emergence of southeast Florida's significant economic and political power. For the first time in Florida history an incumbent United States Senator went down to defeat. Pepper's loss also broke the Florida tradition dating to 1845 of always electing one United States Senator from north Florida.Stand on civil rights
The Civil Rights movement dominated southern politics during Smathers’ time in Congress. Smathers publicly opposed federal intervention in racial matters except to support voting rights. He also stressed the rule of law and the need for southern states to comply with any federal legislation. Privately, Smathers rejected many of the doctrines and tenets of white supremacy and believed that, over time, whites would change their views on race relations. Smathers, though, fell into line with other southern senators by signing the 1956 Southern Manifesto, an attack on the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision. The signatories accused the Supreme Court of a "clear abuse of judicial power" and promised to use "all lawful means to bring about a reversal of this decision which is contrary to the Constitution and to prevent the use of force in its implementation." As

masks: Smathers Smathers


title: George Smathers

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 Johnson’s lieutenant in the Senate, he helped craft the Senate version of the Civil Rights Act of 1957.He publicly predicted the defeat of the southern filibuster of the bill and voted for its passage in the Senate. The bill was then referred to a conference committee and <mask> voted against the final version. After the chaos surrounding James Meredith’s entry into the University of Mississippi in 1962, <mask> wrote “Federal law must be obeyed … so that force does not have to be used to bring compliance.”

Smather's contradictory positions on racial matters as a private individual and a Florida senator responsive to his conservative state were never more evident than after Johnson became president. <mask> urged Johnson to act quickly to pass national civil rights legislation, stating “…Now that you’re the President, I should think they would agree that the sooner we get a civil rights bill over with … the better the South would be, the better the North would be, the better everybody would be.” <mask> privately strategized with Johnson on the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act telling Johnson, “I hope that he (Mansfield) has done his counting and that he has the votes.”

Yet, as a Florida senator, when the bill came before the Senate, he voted against it. Likewise, Smathers supported federal involvement in upholding voting rights, believing that through the ballot African Americans would gain a seat at the table at all levels of local, state and federal government. In his words, “franchise and freedom are inseparable in America.”  However, while publicly praising the objectives of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, he opposed the Senate version of the bill. Nonetheless, he supported the final, amended voting rights measures, which enforced the voting rights provisions of the 14th and 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, while outlawing all literacy tests.Senate leadership
Smathers’ legislative abilities quickly attracted the attention of Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson who brought Smathers into his inner circle as Secretary of the Senate Caucus, the third

masks: Smathers Smathers Smathers Smathers


title: George Smathers

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 most powerful position in the party caucus. When Johnson suffered a heart attack in 1956, <mask> became acting Senate Majority leader during Johnson's hospitalization. <mask> rejected Johnson's request to later become Whip and recommended Mike Mansfield, instead. <mask>’ refusal to become Johnson's Whip precluded <mask> from becoming Majority Leader when Johnson became Vice President in 1961. Smathers retained his position and influence as Secretary of the Democratic Caucus under Majority Leader Mike Mansfield in the sixties. No other Floridian has ever risen as high in either the Democratic or Republican Senate Caucuses. Smathers also served as chairman of the important Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee for six years.Smathers helped pass bills to create Medicare and Medicaid, the Clean Air Act, sponsored the creation of the Small Business Administration and the Senate Select Committee on Aging, and was the Senate sponsor of the Kerr-Smathers Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs). He steered critical reforms of the Transportation and Immigration acts and legislation moving federal holidays to Mondays, essentially creating the modern three-day weekend. "Senator From Latin America"
Senator <mask> was an early and longstanding advocate for aid to the countries of Latin America. Smathers continually urged vital improvements in sanitation and infrastructure as well as increased trade and economic aid to modernize Latin American economies. Smathers recommended a joint OAS (Organization of American States) military force that would replace individual national armies to maintain the peace and fight communism. For his leadership on Latin America, his Senate colleagues dubbed <mask> “The Senator From Latin America.”

Cuban Revolution
Smathers had a chance encounter with Fidel Castro in April 1948. <mask> was attending the Pan-American Conference in Bogota, Colombia, and Castro was participating in the opposition Pan-American Students Conference.Smathers would later claim that Castro admitted to Communist leanings at their encounter. As such, Smathers became an early

masks: Smathers Smathers Smathers Smathers Smathers Smathers Smathers


title: George Smathers

texts:
 opponent against Fidel Castro and an early advocate of an economic and arms embargo of Cuba. Smathers described the Bay of Pigs fiasco as “an ill-conceived, ill-planned deal” that lacked the planning and firepower to succeed. He was the only Senator with Kennedy the night the President announced the U.S. Naval embargo of Cuba during the Missile Crisis of October 1962 – the historic moment when the global superpowers came closest to nuclear war. Senator Smathers amended the Immigration Act to provide permanent visas for Cubans fleeing Communist Cuba, as well as efforts to provide federal assistance in food, education, housing and work for Cuban refugees. He worked closely with the Catholic Welfare Bureau and State Department officials to support Operation Pedro Pan which brought over 14,000 Cuban children to America.Alliance for Progress
Smathers received partial credit for much of Kennedy's Alliance for Progress which incorporated Smathers recommendations of the need for the U.S to aid Latin America in sanitation, infrastructure, education, increased trade and economic assistance, including the Inter-American Bank which Smathers helped pass. President Kennedy lauded <mask> for being “one of the first Americans to recognize the importance of Latin America”. Relationship with JFK
Both <mask> and Kennedy entered Congress the same year. They became fast friends which lasted until Kennedy's assassination. At the wedding of Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier, Smathers was chosen by the Kennedys to speak on behalf of Jack Kennedy at his wedding rehearsal dinner. In 1960, Jack Kennedy asked Smathers to give him a nominating speech to the Democratic Convention and asked Smathers to manage the Kennedy-Johnson campaign in the South. Presidential politics
In 1960, to keep the Florida Democratic Party united, Smathers agreed to run as a “Favorite Son”.Winning the Democratic Presidential Primary, <mask> became the first Floridian popularly elected to represent Florida as a presidential candidate at a national convention. In 1968, Floridians again nominated <mask> as their Favorite Son


title: George Smathers

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 candidate for president. Retirement from politics
After leaving the Senate in 1969, <mask> was divorced from his first wife and married Carolyn Hyder. He achieved considerable success as a lobbyist and businessman. <mask> lived in Indian Creek Island and was father to two sons, John (born 1941) and <mask> (born 1943) (Florida State Senate 1973-75 and Secretary of State 1975–78) from his marriage to Rosemary Townley. In 1988, <mask> donated property appraised at $2 million to renovate the University of Florida's original library building, now Smathers Library. He also made a testamentary gift, valued at the time at $20 million, to the University of Florida and the university honored him by naming the <mask> A. Smathers Libraries.He also donated property valued at $10 million to the University of Miami. Smathers often attended "Church by the Sea", the United Church of Christ in Bal Harbour, Florida. His funeral was held here after his death at age 93. <mask>'s remains are located in Arlington National Cemetery. Relationship
In addition to his relationships with Kennedy and Johnson, <mask> was also close to Richard Nixon, who was also elected to the House in 1946. Smathers introduced Nixon to “Bebe” Rebozo, who became Nixon's close friend and longtime companion. <mask> sold Nixon his Key Biscayne home which became famous as Nixon's “Florida White House."Smathers was a childhood friend of Phil Graham, a fellow Floridian and half-brother to Bob Graham, Florida Governor (1979 – 1987) and United States Senator (1987 – 2005). Phil Graham would later become the publisher of The Washington Post. Bill Nelson, U.S. Senator from Florida from 2001 to 2019, was a summer intern in Smathers's office, 1961–1962 and remained close to the Smathers’ family throughout his career. In popular culture
Smathers Beach, a popular Key West destination, is named after the senator. The handsome politician was known as "Gorgeous <mask>" (after the famous professional wrestler who appeared under that moniker) by his detractors. Part of American political lore is the Smathers "redneck speech," which

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title: George Smathers

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 Smathers reportedly delivered to a poorly-educated audience.The comments were recorded in a small magazine, picked up in Time and elsewhere, and etched into the public's memories. Time Magazine, during the campaign, claimed that <mask> said this: "Are you aware that Claude Pepper is known all over Washington as a shameless extrovert? Not only that, but this man is reliably reported to practice nepotism with his sister-in-law, he has a brother who is a known homo sapiens, and he has a sister who was once a thespian in wicked New York. Worst of all, it is an established fact that Mr. Pepper, before his marriage, habitually practiced celibacy." The leading reporter who actually covered Smathers said he always gave the same humdrum speech. No Florida newspapers covering the campaign ever reported such remarks contemporaneously. <mask> offered $10,000 to anyone who could prove he said it, and there were no takers before his death.Smathers appeared on The Ed Sullivan Show,as a panelist on What's My Line?, and was frequently a guest on Larry King Live and other news programs. In Bryce Zabel's Surrounded By Enemies: What If Kennedy Survived Dallas, Smathers is mentioned as a possible vice presidential candidate for President John F. Kennedy in the 1964 presidential election. See also

Florida Gators
List of Levin College of Law graduates
List of Sigma Alpha Epsilon members
List of University of Florida alumni
List of University of Florida Athletic Hall of Fame members

References

Bibliography
 Crispell, Brian Lewis, Testing the Limits: <mask> Smathers and Cold War America, University of Georgia Press, Athens, Georgia (1999). . External links

1962 Democratic Fundraiser Footage; Kennedy commentary on Smathers
Interviews with Smathers
St. Petersburg Times newspaper article
Washington Post, report of death
UF Special Collections bio. <mask>. <mask> G. Levin College of Law alumni
American men's basketball players
20th-century American philanthropists
University of Florida alumni
20th-century American lawyers
Miami Senior High School alumni
American anti-communists
Military

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Smathers
George Armistead
George A
Smathersric


title: Keith Raniere

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<mask> (born August 26, 1960) is an American cult leader and convicted sex trafficker. He is the founder of NXIVM, a multi-level marketing company and sex cult based near Albany, New York. Between 1998 and 2018, NXIVM developed a following primarily through its personal development seminars, recruiting several celebrities and socialites. The organization faced multiple accusations of systemic sexual abuse of female members by Raniere and members of his inner circle, leading to the arrests of Raniere and other NXIVM members in early 2018. On June 19, 2019, Raniere was convicted of federal crimes including sex trafficking of children, conspiracy, and conspiracy to commit forced labor, all related to a secret society within NXIVM known as DOS, or the Vow. On October 27, 2020, Raniere was sentenced to 120 years in prison. Early life

Childhood and education
<mask> was born on August 26, 1960, to <mask> (1932–2020), a New York City advertising executive, and his wife Vera Oschypko (1931–1978), a ballroom dancing instructor.<mask>'s father recalls that Vera "drank more than she should have", and in adulthood, <mask> himself privately described his mother as an alcoholic. When Raniere was five, he and his family relocated from Brooklyn to Suffern, New York. When he was around eight years old, his parents separated. Raniere attended Suffern High School for ninth grade before transferring to Rockland Country Day School in Congers. He graduated in June 1978, two months prior to his eighteenth birthday. As an adult, Raniere reported that he read Isaac Asimov's mind control-themed work Second Foundation at age 12 and credited the

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Keith Allen Raniere
Keith Raniere
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title: Keith Raniere

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 novel with inspiring his work in NXIVM. Raniere's former partner, Barbara Bouchey, has shared stories about his childhood which she claimed to have been told by his father, James: "What we did is we told <mask> about how gifted and how intelligent he was.And he said it was almost like a switch went off. And suddenly overnight he turned into like Jesus Christ. And that he was superior and better than everybody, like he was a deity. He said it was that dramatic and that profound. He said it went right to his head." Bouchey herself likewise recalled a story about a 13-year-old Raniere's relationships with girls: "[D]ozens of young girls were calling the house and [Raniere's mother] was overhearing his conversations with them where he was telling every single girl the same thing: 'I love you. You're the special one.You're important. You are the only one in my life and I love you.' And she says, he's saying this to all these girls. He's clearly lying 'cause all of them are not special! In 1982, <mask> graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) with a 2.26 GPA "having failed or barely passed many of the upper-level math and science classes he bragged about taking." Early adulthood
In 1984, according to reporting by the Albany Times Union, the then 24-year-old <mask> allegedly had a sexual relationship with 15-year-old Gina Melita after the two met in a theater group. After ending their relationship, Melita introduced him to her friend Gina Hutchinson, also 15, with whom he also became sexually involved.After Gina's sister Heidi found <mask> climbing into her bedroom window and confronted the pair, <mask> told her

masks: Keith Raniere Raniere Raniere Raniere


title: Keith Raniere

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 that Gina was a "Buddhist goddess meant to be with him." Gina dropped out of school and continued her relationship with <mask>, working at Consumers' Buyline, his multi-level marketing company (MLM), for a time. On October 11, 2002, she was found dead of a gunshot wound to her head on the grounds of the Karma Triyana Dharmachakra Buddhist monastery in Woodstock, an apparent suicide. In June 1988, the Times Union profiled <mask>, reporting on his membership in the Mega Society after he achieved a high score on founder Ronald K. Hoeflin's MEGA test, an unsupervised, 48-question test published in the April 1985 issue of Omni magazine. Although the MEGA test has been widely criticized as not having been properly validated, the 1989 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records (the last to include a category for highest IQ) described the Hoeflin Research Group as "the most exclusive ultrahigh IQ society", and the 1989 Australian edition identified <mask>, Marilyn vos Savant, and Eric Hart as the highest-scoring members of the group. Multi-level marketing career
Through the 1980s, Raniere was involved with the MLM company Amway. Heidi Hutchinson recalled that during the late 1980s, Raniere was fascinated by Amway, Scientology, and neuro-linguistic programming.He also worked as a computer programmer for New York State's Division of Parole. Consumers' Buyline Inc.
By 1990, <mask> founded his own multi-level marketing company, Consumers' Buyline Inc. (CBI). It was at a CBI pitch meeting that Raniere met Toni Natalie, who subsequently became a top seller for the organization along with her then-husband. Natalie and her son later

masks: Raniere Raniere Raniere Raniere


title: Keith Raniere

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 moved to Clifton Park, New York, to be near Raniere; her marriage ended shortly thereafter. Natalie and <mask> dated for the next eight years. CBI's operations were restricted in 1993 after the company was investigated by twenty states. That year, New York State filed a lawsuit alleging the organization was a pyramid scheme.CBI was permanently shut down in September 1996 by the Attorney General of New York after being investigated by 25 states. <mask> signed a consent order permanently barring him from "promoting, offering or granting participation in a chain distribution scheme" and ordering him to pay a $40,000 fine. National Health Network
In 1994, Raniere created National Health Network, a multi-level seller of vitamins. That business failed in 1999. In the mid-1990s, <mask> and Natalie operated a health-products store. NXIVM: Executive Success Programs

In 1998, Toni Natalie met Nancy Salzman, a nurse and trained practitioner of hypnotism and neurolinguistic programming. Natalie recalled:
Nancy said, "You're so wonderful, how can I help you?"So I said, "Well, you can help me with my boyfriend." He had grandiose ideas and his hours were becoming erratic again ... She listened and she said "Oh that's easy, I can help you. He's a sociopath ..." They met and four days later she came out with the glazed eyes and gave me the, "You don't know who he is," and I was like, "Wow, there goes another one." Also in 1998, Raniere met Christine Marie Melanakos, a recently divorced mother who had won the title of Mrs. Michigan 1995. She recalled that Raniere "explained how there was a profound event that would often happen to the

masks: Raniere Raniere Raniere


title: Keith Raniere

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 women who became intimate with him, sometimes they would even see a blue light ... Ultimately I agreed to be intimate with <mask>, and it was just as he said. I even saw a blue light, but I don't think I told him so.I remember thinking, 'Wow, my brain is really susceptible to the power of suggestion. <mask> and Salzman founded Executive Success Programs, a personal development company offering a range of techniques aimed at self-improvement. A few years later, the program was rebranded under the name NXIVM. Raniere "adopted the title 'Vanguard' from a favorite arcade game in which the destruction of one's enemies increased one's own power." Much of NXIVM was influenced by the teachings of Ayn Rand, one of <mask>'s favorite authors. <mask>'s eight-year relationship with Natalie ended in 1999. She later claimed to have been the victim of harassment.In a January 2003 ruling, federal judge Robert Littlefield implied <mask> was using a legal suit to harass his former partner. Wrote Littlefield: "This matter smacks of a jilted fellow's attempt at revenge or retaliation against his former girlfriend, with many attempts at tripping her up along the way." In 2002, <mask> and Salzman succeeded in recruiting members of the influential Bronfman family, heirs to the multibillion-dollar Seagram's fortune. Sara Bronfman initially became involved, followed by sister Clare Bronfman. Their father, Edgar Bronfman Sr., took a NXIVM course the following year. Disappearance of Kristin Snyder
Kristin Marie Snyder was a 35-year-old environmental consultant who, in November 2002, paid $7,000 to enroll in a sixteen-day personal development course

masks: Keith Raniere Raniere Raniere Raniere Raniere