title: Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad

texts:
 places, including:

 He travelled to Pakistan and was received by the Pakistani President at the airport. In 1955, he travelled to Jakarta, Indonesia, where the people received him in the best way.The mosque was filled with attendees and they were outside the mosque for a distance of about a kilometer. The square opposite the mosque was filled with more than a quarter of a million Muslims listening to the Sheikh standing on their feet until dawn. He also travelled to South Africa, and upon his arrival, officials sent him radio and television journalists to interview him. He also travelled to India to celebrate a major religious ceremony held by one of the rich Muslims there. After his arrival, Sheikh <mask>t faced a moving situation. All those present were taking off their shoes and standing on the ground and they bowed their heads down looking at the place of prostration and their eyes overflowed with tears crying until the Sheikh finished recitation and his eyes tears shed from this humble attitude. He also travelled to Jerusalem and read in the Al-Aqsa Mosque as well as the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron in Palestine and the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus and the most famous mosques in Asia, Africa, the United States, France and London.Honours and Awards
Through the travels of Sheikh <mask> <mask> around the world, he received a large number of honours and awards. In 1956, Syria honoured him and awarded him the Order of Merit. He received the Order of Cedar from Lebanon, the Golden Medal from Malaysia, a medal from Senegal, and another medal from Morocco. A Medal from the Prime Minister of Syria in 1959. A Medal from the Prime Minister of Malaysia in 1965. The Order of Merit from the Senegalese President in 1975. The Golden Medal

masks:
Abdul Basi
Abdul Basit
Abdul Samad


title: Abdul Basit 'Abd us-Samad

type: original

texts:
 from Pakistan in 1980.The Order of Scholars from Pakistani President Zia-ul-Haq in 1984. The Egyptian Radio Medal on its fiftieth anniversary. The Order of Merit from the former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak during the celebration of the Day of Preachers in 1987. In 1990, he received the last honours after his departure from former President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak in the celebration of Laylat al-Qadr. Illness and death
He suffered from complications from diabetes later in life, but his liver problems coincided with diabetes, and he could not fight these two conditions together. He contracted hepatitis less than a month before his death. He was admitted to a hospital but his health deteriorated further.This prompted his children and doctors to advise him to travel London for treatment, where he stayed for a week. He was accompanied by his son Tariq, who asked to take him back to Egypt. He died on Wednesday, November 30, 1988,  and his funeral was national and official at the local and global levels. So great was the attendance at his funeral, it included ambassadors of various countries attending on behalf of their people, as well as kings and heads of state, in appreciation of his role in the field of advocacy in all its forms. His surviving relatives included (from oldest to the youngest): Yasir, Hisham, and Tariq. Following his father's footsteps, Yasir also became a Qari. In 2006, a mosque in his native village of Armant in Luxor, Southern Egypt, was opened under his name.References

External links
 <mask> Biography  at assajda.com
 <mask> Abdus-Samad at quran-e-majeed.com

Egyptian Quran reciters
Egyptian imams
1927 births
1988 deaths
People who memorized the

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Abdul Baset
Abdul Basit


title: James Lewicki

texts:
<mask> (December 13, 1917 – December 12, 1979) was a twentieth century American artist and illustrator who worked for many of the magazines of his day and extensively for Life (magazine). His book illustrations include The Life Treasury of American Folklore, The World We Live In (Life magazine), The Golden Bough written by Sir <mask> and published by the Limited Editions Club (see The Heritage Press) and The Golden Book of Christmas Tales, written by his wife, Lillian. <mask> also explored the Christmas theme in magazines and created cards for the American Artists Group. Life and Works

Life History
<mask>, the second child of Ukrainian immigrants was born on December 13, 1917 in Buffalo, New York to Max and <mask>. His teachers recognized his talent from an early age and Jim went on to attend Buffalo Technical High School, the Albright–Knox Art Gallery, the Art School of the Detroit Society of Arts and Crafts (now College for Creative Studies), and Pratt Institute, where he graduated in Illustration in 1939. He married Lillian Schalow in 1943, also an Illustration major at Pratt Institute, who partnered with him on many projects throughout his career as researcher, draftsman, studio assistant and secretary. They had two children, <mask> and <mask>.First living in Brooklyn, then Hollis, New York, they moved to Centerport, New York (on Long Island) in 1952, where they built a house and studio. As an illustrator, Jim was always looking for a story to turn into pictures, and that included tapping personal experience. In 1952 he sold Life Goes Camping with the Lewickis to Life magazine, and in the 1970s wrote and illustrated The Territory for Yankee (magazine), based on his experiences with a cherished vacation home in the woods of northern Vermont. When not working on illustration assignments, Jim enjoyed painting landscapes and sketching outdoors. He worked in watercolor up to the 1960s and later in acrylics. He exhibited annually with

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James Lewicki
James Frazer
James
James Lewicki
Alexandra Lewicki
Roy Lewicki
Lisa Lewicki Hermanson


title: James Lewicki

texts:
 Life as a 5 part series over a year and half, followed by the hard cover book, The Life Treasury of American Folklore, featuring additional paintings created just for the book.Lillian worked side by side with Jim during this time, assisting with in depth research and studio support, including hand mixing the egg tempera paints for the gessoed panels and completing preparatory drawings. Maps
Pictorial map making was also a staple of Jim’s repertoire, with Lillian assisting extensively. Memorable examples include the poster The Fabulous Fifties, created for Time (magazine) in 1960, and resort and trail maps for the Stowe Ski Association, also from the sixties. Maps also appeared in Christmas themes tracing the journey of Mary and Joseph to Egypt. The Golden Bough
In 1969 Jim completed a series of illustrations for The Golden Bough by Sir <mask>, centered on the beliefs, customs and traditions of cultures from around the world. For this assignment Jim worked in a freer style, overlaying fine, fluid line drawings on abstract patterned fields of color, to suggest the mystery and mood of ancient and tribal rituals. Bibliography

Major Book Illustration Projects
 Frazer, <mask> (1970).The Golden Bough. Limited Editions Club (see The Heritage Press). Turnbull, Agnes Sligh (1964). Little Christmas. The Riverside Press (now Riverside Publishing, a subsidiary of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt). Dolch, E. & M. (1964). Stories From Old Russia.Garrard Publishing Company. The Life Treasury of American Folklore (1960). Time Life. Miracle of the Sea - Evolution and The Atmosphere (1955). The World We Live In (Life magazine). Simon & Schuster, Inc.
 <mask>, Lillian (1963). The Golden Book of Christmas Tales, Legends From Many Lands.Golden Press (now Western Publishing). Swan, Robert W. (1939). From Village to Metropolis. Grosset & Dunlap. In the Collections Of
 Museum of Fine Arts, Boston - From Village to Metropolis 1939 original illustrations, book dummy,

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Sir James
Lewicki


title: James Lewicki

texts:
 sketches and supporting letters
 The Lilly Library of Indiana University - Original paintings and research from the Life American Folklore magazine series and book
 La Jolla Map and Atlas Museum, La Jolla, California - Original paintings and printed pictorial maps for LIFE magazine, Stowe Ski Association, Map of Antarctica for Liberty magazine and others. The New York Public Library Main Branch - Stephen A. Schwarzman Building, Lionel Pincus and Princess Firyal Map Division - pictorial maps by James
 New Britain Museum of American Art - Miracle of the Sea cover painting for The World We Live In Life magazine series (Feb. 9, 1953)
 Society of Illustrators - Rip Van Winkle large pencil sketch from the Life American Folklore series
 Originally purchased by Clare Booth Luce - Christmas illustrations from The Golden Book of Christmas

Periodicals Featuring <mask> Pierson (Editor).The Artists' Bluebook: 34,000 North American Artists to March 2005. (AskART.com, Inc., 2005)
 Davenport, Ray. Davenport's Art Reference: The Gold Edition. 2005. The Illustrator in America, 1860-2000 The Society of Illustrators by  Walter Reed (2001). Who's Who in American Art, 1564–1975, 3 volumes edited by Peter Falk
 Cohn, Jan. Covers of the Saturday Evening Post: Seventy Years of Outstanding Illustration.Dictionary of Signatures & Monograms by Peter Falk
 Opitz, Glenn B. (Editor), Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of American Painters, Sculptors & Engravers. 1986. Two Hundred Years of American Illustration from  The Society of Illustrators by Henry Pitz (artwork by Albino Hinojosa). Feature Magazine Articles
 American Artists Magazine - feature article, The Importance of Thorough Research. December 1962. North Light Magazine - feature article.Winter 1971. American Artists Magazine - feature article, collaboration with printmaker Harry Hoehn, demonstrating dry lithography, an innovative paper based process). January 1973. References

American artists
1979 deaths
1917


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts: <mask>  (; born May 12, 1947) is a Canadian author, academic and former politician who served as the leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and Leader of the Official Opposition from 2008 until 2011. Known for his work as a historian, Ignatieff has held senior academic posts at the universities of Cambridge, Oxford, Harvard, and Toronto. Most recently, he was rector and President of Central European University; he held this position from 2016 until July 2021. While living in the United Kingdom from 1978 to 2000, <mask> became well known as a television and radio broadcaster and as an editorial columnist for The Observer. His documentary series Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism aired on BBC in 1993, and won a Canadian Gemini Award. His book of the same name, based on the series, won the Gordon Montador Award for Best Canadian Book on Social Issues and the University of Toronto's Lionel Gelber Prize. His memoir, The Russian Album, won Canada's Governor General's Literary Award and the British Royal Society of Literature's Heinemann Prize in 1988.His novel, Scar Tissue, was short-listed for the Booker Prize in 1994. In 2000, he delivered the Massey Lectures, entitled The Rights Revolution, which was released in print later that year. In the 2006 federal election, <mask> was elected to the House of Commons as the member of Parliament (MP) for Etobicoke—Lakeshore. The same year, he ran for the leadership of the Liberal Party, ultimately losing to Stéphane Dion. He served as the party's deputy leader under Dion. After Dion's resignation in the wake of the 2008 election, <mask> served as interim leader from December 2008 until he was elected leader at the party's May 2009 convention. In the 2011 federal

masks:
Michael Grant Ignatieff
Ignatieff
Ignatieff
Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 election, <mask> lost his own seat in the Liberal Party's worst showing in its history.Winning only 34 seats, the party placed a distant third behind the Conservatives and NDP, and thus lost its position as the Official Opposition. On May 3, 2011, <mask> announced that he would resign as leader of the Liberal Party, pending the selection of an interim leader, which became effective May 25, 2011. Following his electoral defeat, <mask> taught at the University of Toronto. In 2013, he returned to the Harvard Kennedy School part-time, splitting his time between Harvard and Toronto. On July 1, 2014, he returned to Harvard full-time. In 2016, he left Harvard to become president and rector of the Central European University in Budapest; he resigned from this position in July 2021. He continues to publish articles and essays on international affairs as well as Canadian politics.Early life and education
<mask> was born on May 12, 1947, in Toronto, the elder son of Russian-born Canadian Rhodes Scholar and diplomat <mask>, and his Canadian-born wife, Jessie Alison (née Grant). Ignatieff's family moved abroad regularly in his early childhood as his father rose in the diplomatic ranks. At the age of 11, <mask> was sent back to Toronto to attend Upper Canada College as a boarder in 1959. At UCC, Ignatieff was elected a school prefect as head of Wedd's House, was the captain of the varsity soccer team, and served as editor-in-chief of the school's yearbook. As well, Ignatieff volunteered for the Liberal Party during the 1965 federal election by canvassing the York South riding. He resumed his work for the Liberal Party in 1968, as a national youth organizer and delegate for Pierre Elliott Trudeau's leadership campaign. After high

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Ignatieff
Ignatieff
Ignatieff
Ignatieff
George Ignatieff
Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 school, Ignatieff studied history at the University of Toronto's Trinity College (B.A., 1969).There, he met fellow student Bob Rae, from University College, who was a debating opponent and fourth-year roommate. After completing his undergraduate degree, <mask> took up his studies at the University of Oxford, where he studied under, and was influenced by, the famous liberal philosopher Sir Isaiah Berlin, whom he would later write about. While an undergraduate at the University of Toronto, he was a part-time reporter for The Globe and Mail in 1964–65. In 1976, <mask> completed his Ph.D. in history at Harvard University. He was granted a Cambridge M.A. by incorporation in 1978 on taking up a fellowship at King's College there. Family

<mask>'s paternal grandfather was Count <mask>, the Russian minister of education during the First World War and son of Count Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev, an important Russian statesman and diplomat.His mother's grandfathers were George Monro Grant and Sir George Robert Parkin, and her younger brother was the Canadian Conservative political philosopher George Grant (1918–1988), author of Lament for a Nation. His great-aunt Alice Parkin Massey was the wife of Canada's first native-born Governor General, Vincent Massey. He is also a descendant of William Lawson, the first president of the Bank of Nova Scotia. <mask> is married to Hungarian-born Zsuzsanna M. Zsohar and has two children, Theo and Sophie, from his first marriage to Londoner Susan Barrowclough. He also has a younger brother, Andrew, a community worker who assisted with Ignatieff's campaign. Although he says he is not a "church guy", Ignatieff was raised Russian Orthodox and occasionally attends services with family. He describes

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Ignatieff
Ignatieff
Pavel Ignatieff
Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

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 himself as neither an atheist nor a "believer".University professor, writer, broadcaster

Early career
<mask> was an assistant professor of history at the University of British Columbia from 1976 to 1978. In 1978 he moved to the United Kingdom, where he held a senior research fellowship at King's College, Cambridge, until 1984. He then left Cambridge for London, where he began to focus on his career as a writer and journalist. His book The Russian Album documented a history of his family's experiences in nineteenth-century Russia (and subsequent exile), and won the 1987 Governor General's Award for Non-Fiction and the British Royal Society of Literature's Heinemann Prize in Canada. During this time, he travelled extensively. He also continued to lecture at universities in Europe and North America, and held teaching posts at Oxford, the University of London, the London School of Economics, the University of California and in France. While living in Britain, <mask> became well known as a broadcaster on radio and television.His best-known television work has been Voices on Channel 4, the BBC 2 discussion programme Thinking Aloud and BBC 2's arts programme, The Late Show. He was also an editorial columnist for The Observer from 1990 to 1993. His documentary series Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism aired on BBC in 1993, winning a Canadian Gemini Award. He later adapted this series into a book, Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism, detailing the dangers of ethnic nationalism in the post-Cold War period. This book won the Gordon Montador Award for Best Canadian Book on Social Issues and the University of Toronto's Lionel Gelber Prize. <mask> also wrote the novel, Scar Tissue, which was

masks: Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 1994. In 1998, he was on the first panel of the long-running BBC Radio discussion series In Our Time.Around this time, his 1998 biography of Isaiah Berlin was shortlisted for both the Jewish Quarterly Literary Prize for Non-Fiction and the James Tait Black Memorial Prize. Human rights policy
In 2000, <mask> accepted a position as the director of the Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. <mask>'s influence on policy continued to grow, helping to prepare the report The Responsibility to Protect for the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty. This report examined the role of international involvement in Kosovo and Rwanda, and advocated a framework for 'humanitarian' intervention in future humanitarian crises. He delivered the Massey Lectures in 2000, entitled The Rights Revolution, which was released in print later that year. He would eventually become a participant and panel leader at the World Economic Forum in Geneva. 2001 marked the September 11 attacks in the United States, renewing academic interest in issues of foreign policy and nation building.<mask>'s text on Western interventionist policies and nation building, Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond, won the Orwell Prize for political non-fiction in 2001. As a journalist, <mask> observed that the United States had established "an empire lite, a global hegemony whose grace notes are free markets, human rights and democracy, enforced by the most awesome military power the world has ever known." This became the subject of his 2003 book Empire Lite: Nation-Building in Bosnia, Kosovo and Afghanistan, which argued that America had a responsibility to

masks: Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts: create a "humanitarian empire" through nation-building and, if necessary, military force. This would become a frequent topic in his lectures. At the Amnesty 2005 Lecture in Dublin, he offered evidence to show that "we wouldn't have international human rights without the leadership of the United States". <mask>'s interventionist approach led him to support the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. According to Ignatieff, the United States had a duty to expend itself unseating Iraqi president Saddam Hussein in the interests of international security and human rights.<mask> initially accepted the argument of George W. Bush administration that containment through sanctions and threats would not prevent Hussein from selling weapons of mass destruction to international terrorists. <mask> wrongly believed that those weapons were still being developed in Iraq. In 2004, he published The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, a philosophical work analyzing human rights in the post-9/11 world. <mask> argued that there may be circumstances where indefinite detention or coercive interrogations may need to be used on terror suspects to combat terrorism. Democratic institutions would need to evolve to protect human rights, finding a way to keep these necessary evils from offending democracy as much as the evils they are meant to prevent. The book attracted considerable attention. It was a finalist for the Lionel Gelber Prize, but also earned him some criticism.In 2005, he was criticized by his peers on the editorial board for the Index on Censorship, where human rights advocate Conor Gearty said Ignatieff fell into a category of "hand-wringing, apologetic apologists for human-rights abuses". Ignatieff responded by resigning from the


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 editorial board for the Index, and has maintained that he supports a complete ban on torture. By 2005, <mask>'s writings on human rights and foreign affairs earned him the 37th rank on a list of most influential public intellectuals prepared by Prospect and Foreign Policy magazines. Return to Canadian academia

Around 2005, Ignatieff became more frequently mentioned as a possible Liberal candidate for the next federal election, and rumours swirled about the beginnings of a political career. At this time, he left Harvard to become the Chancellor Jackman Professor in Human Rights Policy at the University of Toronto and a senior fellow of the university's Munk Centre for International Studies. He continued to write about the subject of Iraq, reiterating his support, if not the method in which it was conducted. According to Ignatieff, "what Saddam Hussein had done to the Kurds and the Shia" in Iraq was sufficient justification for the invasion.His support for the war began to wane as time passed. "I supported an administration whose intentions I didn't trust," he averred, "believing that the consequences would repay the gamble. Now I realize that intentions do shape consequences." He eventually recanted his support for the war entirely. In a 2007 New York Times Magazine article, he wrote: "The unfolding catastrophe in Iraq has condemned the political judgment of a president, but it has also condemned the judgment of many others, myself included, who as commentators supported the invasion." <mask> partly interpreted what he now saw as his particular errors of judgment, by presenting them as typical of academics and intellectuals in general, whom he characterized as "generalizing and interpreting particular facts as instances

masks: Ignatieff Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 of some big idea". In politics, by contrast, "Specifics matter more than generalities".Samuel Moyn, Harvard University historian of human rights and humanitarian intervention, asserts that Ignatieff is among those whose who "soiled their reputations" through their defence of the Iraq war, and labelled his later public apology "embarrassingly vacuous." Post politics academic career and return to Harvard
In mid-2011, following his electoral defeat, <mask> became a senior resident with the University of Toronto's Massey College, where he taught courses in law and political science for the Munk School of Global Affairs, the School of Public Policy and Governance, and the Faculty of Law. In January 2013, <mask> rejoined the Harvard Kennedy School and divided his time between Toronto and Cambridge, Massachusetts. The next year, <mask> returned to Harvard full-time, and left the University of Toronto, to become Edward R. Murrow Chair of Press, Politics and Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School effective July 1, 2014. President and Rector of Central European University

On May 5, 2016, it was announced that <mask> would succeed John Shattuck to become the fifth president and rector of the Central European University (CEU) in Budapest, Hungary. On September 1, he was appointed the rector with the term ending on August 31, 2021. <mask> is overseeing a tumultuous period in the university's history, during which it has accused the Hungarian government of challenging its legal right to continue to operate in Hungary.The position of <mask> and CEU is that the intervention from the Hungarian government is part of a wider vendetta on the part of prime minister Viktor Orbán against wealthy financier George Soros, the university's

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Ignatieff
Ignatieff
Michael Ignatieff
Ignatieff
Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 chief benefactor. <mask>'s personal position is that the strain between the Hungarian government and CEU is part of a wider tension in Europe between democratic ideals and authoritarian tendencies within the European conservative right. In 2019, <mask> was awarded the Dan David Prize for his contribution to defending democracy. On July 31, 2021, <mask> stepped down as rector of CEU to be replaced by Shalini Randeria and announced he would step back into the classroom as a professor of history at CEU in January, 2022. Writings
<mask> is a historian, a fiction writer and public intellectual who has written several books on international relations and nation building. He has written seventeen books, and has been described by the British Arts Council as "an extraordinarily versatile writer," in both the style and the subjects he writes about. He has contributed articles to publications such as The Globe and Mail, The New Republic, and The New York Times Magazine.Maclean's named him among the "Top 10 Canadian Who's Who" in 1997 and one of the "50 Most Influential Canadians Shaping Society" in 2002. In 2003, Maclean's named him Canada's "Sexiest Cerebral Man." Fictional works
His fictional works, Asya, Scar Tissue, and Charlie Johnson in the Flames cover, respectively, the life and travels of a Russian girl, the disintegration of one's mother due to neurological disease, and the haunting memories of a journalist in Kosovo. The works are to some extent autobiographical; for instance, <mask> travelled to the Balkans and Kurdistan while working as a journalist, witnessing first hand the consequences of modern ethnic warfare. Historian and biographer
A historian by training, he wrote A Just Measure of Pain, a history of prisons

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Ignatieff
Michael Ignatieff
Michael Ignatieff
Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 during the Industrial Revolution. His biography of Isaiah Berlin reveals the strong impression the celebrated philosopher made on Ignatieff. Philosophical writings by Ignatieff include The Needs of Strangers and The Rights Revolution.The latter work explores social welfare and community, and shows Berlin's influence on <mask>. These tie closely to <mask>'s political writings on national self-determination and the imperatives of democratic self-government. <mask> has also written extensively on international affairs. His historical memoir, The Russian Album, traces his family's life in Russia and their troubles and subsequent emigration as a result of the Bolshevik Revolution. Canadian studies
In The Rights Revolution, <mask> identifies three aspects of Canada's approach to human rights that give the country its distinctive culture: 1) On moral issues, Canadian law is secular and liberal, approximating European standards more closely than American ones; 2) Canadian political culture is social democratic, and Canadians take it for granted that citizens have the right to free health care and public assistance; 3) Canadians place a particular emphasis on group rights, expressed in Quebec's language laws and in treaty agreements that recognize collective aboriginal rights. "Apart from New Zealand, no other country has given such recognition to the idea of group rights," he writes. <mask> states that despite its admirable commitment to equality and group rights, Canadian society still places an unjust burden on women and gays and lesbians, and he says it is still difficult for newcomers of non-British or French descent to form an enduring sense of citizenship.<mask> attributes this to the "patch-work quilt of distinctive

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title: Michael Ignatieff

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 societies," emphasizing that civic bonds will only be easier when the understanding of Canada as a multinational community is more widely shared. International studies
<mask> has written extensively on international development, peacekeeping and the international responsibilities of Western nations. Blood and Belonging, a 1993 work, explores the duality of nationalism, from Yugoslavia to Northern Ireland. It is the first of a trilogy of books that explore modern conflicts. The Warrior's Honour, published in 1998, deals with ethnically motivated conflicts, including the conflicts in Afghanistan and Rwanda. The final book, Virtual War, describes the problems of modern peacekeeping, with special reference to the NATO presence in Kosovo. His 2003 book Empire Lite attracted considerable attention for suggesting that America, the world's last remaining superpower, should create a "humanitarian empire".This book continued his criticism of the limited-risk approach practiced by NATO in conflicts like the Kosovo War and the Rwandan genocide. <mask> became an advocate for more active involvement and larger scale deployment of land forces by Western nations in future conflicts in the developing world. <mask> was originally a prominent supporter of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. However, Ignatieff attempts to distinguish the empire lite approach from neo-conservativism because the motives of the foreign engagement he advocates are essentially altruistic rather than self-serving. <mask>'s 2004 book The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, argued that Western democracies may have to resort to "lesser evils" like indefinite detention of suspects, coercive interrogations, assassinations, and pre-emptive wars in order to


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 combat the greater evil of terrorism. He states that as a result, societies should strengthen their democratic institutions to keep these necessary evils from becoming as offensive to freedom and democracy as the threats they are meant to prevent. The 'Lesser Evil' approach has been criticized by some prominent human rights advocates, like Conor Gearty, for incorporating a problematic form of moral language that can be used to legitimize forms of torture.But other human rights advocates, like Human Rights Watch's Kenneth Roth, have defended <mask>, saying his work "cannot fairly be equated with support for torture or 'torture lite'." In the context of this "lesser evil" analysis, <mask> has discussed whether or not liberal democracies should employ coercive interrogation and torture. <mask> has adamantly maintained that he supports a complete ban on torture. His definition of torture, according to his 2004 Op-ed in The New York Times, does not include "forms of sleep deprivation that do not result in lasting harm to mental or physical health, together with disinformation and disorientation (like keeping prisoners in hoods)." Political career
In 2004, three Liberal organizers, former Liberal candidate Alfred Apps, Ian Davey (son of Senator Keith Davey) and lawyer Daniel Brock, travelled to Cambridge, Massachusetts, to convince <mask> to move back to Canada and run for the House of Commons of Canada, and to consider a possible bid for the Liberal leadership should Paul Martin retire. Rocco Rossi, who was at that time a key Liberal Party organizer, had previously mentioned to Davey that Davey's father had said that Ignatieff had "the makings of a prime minister". In January 2005, as a result of the efforts of Apps, Brock


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 and Davey, press speculation that <mask> could be a star candidate for the Liberals in the next election, and possibly a candidate to eventually succeed Prime Minister Paul Martin, the leader of the governing Liberal Party of Canada.After months of rumours and several denials, <mask> confirmed in November 2005 that he would run for a seat in the House of Commons in the winter 2006 election. It was announced that <mask> would seek the Liberal nomination in the Toronto riding of Etobicoke—Lakeshore. Some Ukrainian-Canadian members of the riding association objected to the nomination, citing a perceived anti-Ukrainian sentiment in Blood and Belonging, where <mask> said: "I have reasons to take the Ukraine seriously indeed. But, to be honest, I'm having trouble. Ukrainian independence conjures up images of peasants in embroidered shirts, the nasal whine of ethnic instruments, phony Cossacks in cloaks and boots..."
Critics also questioned his commitment to Canada, pointing out that Ignatieff had lived outside of Canada for more than 30 years and had referred to himself as an American many times. When asked about it by Peter Newman in a Maclean's interview published on April 6, 2006, <mask> said: "Sometimes you want to increase your influence over your audience by appropriating their voice, but it was a mistake. Every single one of the students from 85 countries who took my courses at Harvard knew one thing about me: I was that funny Canadian."Two other candidates filed for the nomination but were disqualified (one, because he was not a member of the party and the second because he had failed to resign from his position on the riding association executive). <mask> went on to defeat the Conservative candidate by a margin of


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 roughly 5,000 votes to win the seat. Leadership bid
After the Liberal government was defeated in the January 2006 federal election, Paul Martin resigned the party leadership in March that same year. On April 7, 2006, <mask> announced his candidacy in the upcoming Liberal leadership race, joining several others who had already declared their candidacy. <mask> received several high-profile endorsements of his candidacy. His campaign was headed by Senator David Smith, who had been a Chrétien organizer, along with Ian Davey, Daniel Brock, Alfred Apps and Paul Lalonde, a Toronto lawyer and son of Marc Lalonde. An impressive team of policy advisors was assembled, led by Toronto lawyer Brad Davis, and including Brock, fellow lawyers Mark Sakamoto, Sachin Aggarwal, Jason Rosychuck, Jon Penney, Nigel Marshman, Alex Mazer, Will Amos, and Alix Dostal, former Ignatieff student Jeff Anders, banker Clint Davis, economists Blair Stransky, Leslie Church and Ellis Westwood, and Liberal operatives Alexis Levine, Marc Gendron, Mike Pal, Julie Dzerowicz, Patrice Ryan, Taylor Owen and Jamie Macdonald.Following the selection of delegates in the party's "Super Weekend" exercise on the last weekend of September, <mask> gained more support from delegates than other candidates with 30% voting for him. In August 2006, <mask> said he was "not losing any sleep" over dozens of civilian deaths caused by Israel's attack on Qana during its military actions in Lebanon. <mask> recanted those words the following week. Then, on October 11, 2006, <mask> described the Qana attack as a war crime (committed by Israel). Susan Kadis, who had been <mask>'s campaign co-chair, withdrew her support following the comment. Other Liberal leadership candidates have also

masks: Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

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 criticized Ignatieff's comments. Ariela Cotler, a Jewish community leader and the wife of prominent Liberal MP Irwin Cotler, left the party following Ignatieff's comments.<mask> later qualified his statement, saying "Whether war crimes were committed in the attack on Qana is for international bodies to determine. That doesn't change the fact that Qana was a terrible tragedy." On October 14, <mask> announced that he would visit Israel, to meet with Israeli and Palestinian leaders and "learn first-hand their view of the situation". He noted that Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Israel's own B'Tselem have stated that war crimes were committed in Qana, describing the suggestion as "a serious matter precisely because Israel has a record of compliance, concern and respect for the laws of war and human rights". <mask> added that he would not meet with Palestinian leaders who did not recognize Israel. However, the Jewish organization sponsoring the trip subsequently cancelled it, because of too much media attention. Montreal Convention
At the leadership convention in Montreal, taking place at Palais des Congrès, <mask> entered as the apparent front-runner, having won more delegates to the convention than any other contender.However, polls consistently showed he had weak second-ballot support, and those delegates not already tied to him would be unlikely to support him later. On December 1, 2006, <mask> led the leadership candidates on the first ballot, garnering 29% support. The subsequent ballots were cast the following day, and <mask> managed a small increase, to 31% on the second ballot, good enough to maintain his lead over Bob Rae, who had attracted 24% support, and Stéphane Dion, who garnered 20%. However,

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Ignatieff
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Michael Ignatieff
Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 due to massive movement towards Dion by delegates who supported Gerard Kennedy, <mask> dropped to second on the third ballot. Shortly before voting for the third ballot was completed, with the realization that there was a Dion-Kennedy pact, Ignatieff campaign co-chair Denis Coderre made an appeal to Rae to join forces and prevent Dion from winning the Liberal Party leadership (on the basis that Stephane Dion's ardent federalism would alienate Quebecers), but Rae turned down the offer and opted to release his delegates. With the help of the Kennedy delegates, Dion jumped up to 37% support on the third ballot, in contrast to <mask>'s 34% and Rae's 29%. Rae was eliminated and the bulk of his delegates opted to vote for Dion rather than Ignatieff.In the fourth and final round of voting, <mask> took 2084 votes and lost the contest to Dion, who won with 2,521 votes. <mask> confirmed that he would run as the Liberal MP for Etobicoke—Lakeshore in the next federal election. Deputy leadership
On December 18, 2006, new Liberal leader Stéphane Dion named <mask> his deputy leader, in line with Dion's plan to give high-ranking positions to each of his former leadership rivals. During three by-elections held on September 18, 2007, the Halifax Chronicle-Herald reported that unidentified Dion supporters were accusing <mask>'s supporters of undermining by-election efforts, with the goal of showing that Dion could not hold on to the party's Quebec base. Susan Delacourt of the Toronto Star described this as a recurring issue in the party with the leadership runner-up. The National Post referred to the affair as, "Discreet signs of a mutiny." Although <mask> called Dion to deny the allegations, The Globe and Mail cited the NDP's widening


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 lead after the article's release, suggested that the report had a negative impact on the Liberals' morale.The Liberals were defeated in their former stronghold of Outremont. Since then, <mask> has urged the Liberals to put aside their differences, saying "united we win, divided we lose". Interim leadership of the Liberal Party

Dion announced that he would schedule his departure as Liberal leader for the next party convention, after the Liberals lost seats and support in the 2008 federal election. <mask> held a news conference on November 13, 2008, to once again announce his candidacy for the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada. When the Liberals reached an accord with the other opposition parties to form a coalition and defeat the government, <mask> reluctantly endorsed it. He was reportedly uncomfortable with a coalition with the NDP and support from the Bloc Québécois, and has been described as one of the last Liberals to sign on. After the announcement to prorogue Parliament, delaying the non-confidence motion until January 2009, Dion announced his intention to stay on as leader until the party selected a new one.Leadership contender Dominic LeBlanc dropped out and threw his support behind <mask>. On December 9, the other remaining opponent for the Liberal Party leadership, Bob Rae, withdrew from the race, leaving <mask> as the presumptive winner. On December 10, he was formally declared the interim leader in a caucus meeting, and his position was ratified at the May 2009 convention. On February 19, 2009, during U.S. President Barack Obama's election visit to Ottawa to meet Prime Minister Stephen Harper, which was the President's first foreign trip since taking office, Obama also met with <mask> as per


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 parliamentary protocol where the leader of the opposition meets foreign dignitaries. Their discussion included climate change, Afghanistan and human rights. Leadership
On May 2, 2009, <mask> was officially endorsed as the leader of the Liberal Party by 97% of delegates at the party convention in Vancouver, British Columbia. The vote was mostly a formality as the other candidates had stepped down.On August 31, 2009, <mask> announced that the Liberal Party would withdraw support for the government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper. However, the NDP under Jack Layton abstained and the Conservatives survived the confidence motion. <mask>'s attempt to force a September 2009 election was reported as a miscalculation, as polls showed that most Canadians did not want another election. <mask>'s popularity as well as that of the Liberals dropped off considerably immediately afterwards. On March 25, 2011, <mask> introduced a motion of non-confidence against the Harper government to attempt to force a May 2011 federal election after the government was found to be in contempt of Parliament, the first such occurrence in Commonwealth history. The House of Commons passed the motion by 156–145. The Liberals had considerable momentum when the writ was dropped, and <mask> successfully squeezed NDP leader Jack Layton out of media attention, by issuing challenges to Harper for one-on-one debates.In the first couple weeks of the campaign, <mask> kept his party in second place in the polls, and his personal ratings exceeded that of Layton for the first time. However opponents frequently criticized <mask>'s perceived political opportunism, particularly during the leaders debates when Layton criticized Ignatieff for having a poor attendance

masks: Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts: record for Commons votes saying "You know, most Canadians, if they don't show up for work, they don't get a promotion". <mask> failed to defend himself against these charges, and the debates were said to be a turning point for his party's campaign. <mask> was also subject to scathing attack ads by the Conservative Party, slamming him as "Just visiting" Canada for the sake of political advancement. Near the end of the campaign, a late surge in support for Layton and the NDP relegated <mask> and the Liberals to third in the polls. On May 2, 2011, <mask>'s Liberals lost 43 seats only winning 34 and thus slipped to third party status behind the NDP and the Conservatives, who gained a majority in Parliament. It was the worst result in the history of the Liberal Party, the worst result in Canadian history for an incumbent Official Opposition party, and the first time since Confederation the Liberals failed to finish first or second.<mask> was defeated by Conservative challenger Bernard Trottier, being the first incumbent Leader of the Official Opposition to lose his own seat since Charles Tupper's defeat in Cape Breton in 1900, as well as the first sitting Liberal leader since Mackenzie King lost his riding in the 1945 election. Reports suggested that <mask> had initially promised to move into a home inside his riding, but instead he resided in the downtown Toronto neighbourhood of Yorkville, which rankled Etobicoke–Lakeshore residents and reinforced perceptions of <mask>'s political opportunism. On May 3, 2011, <mask> announced that he would be resigning as leader of the party pending the appointment of an interim leader; his resignation went into effect on May 25 when Bob Rae was appointed as <mask>'s interim replacement. In

masks: Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff Ignatieff


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 2013 <mask> published a book about his political career called Fire and Ashes: Success and Failure in Politics. The British reviewer David Runciman commented in a book review, "for a clear-eyed, sharply observed, mordant but ultimately hopeful account of contemporary politics this memoir is hard to beat. After his defeat, a friend tries to comfort him by telling him that at least he'll get a book out of it. Ignatieff reacts with understandable fury.He didn't go into politics and through all that followed just to write a book. Still, it's some book." Notable political stances

International affairs
In October 2006, <mask> indicated that he personally would not support ballistic missile defence nor the weaponization of space. He referred to the likelihood of America developing a Missile Defense System in his book Virtual War, but did not voice support for Canadian participation in such a scheme. On June 3, 2008, and on March 30, 2009, <mask> voted in support of non-binding motions in the House of Commons calling on the government to "allow conscientious objectors... to a war not sanctioned by the United Nations... [(including Iraq war resisters)]... to... remain in Canada...." However, on September 29, 2010, when those motions were proposed as a binding private member's bill from Liberal MP Gerard Kennedy, CTV News reported that Ignatieff "walked out during the vote." The bill then failed to pass this second reading vote by seven votes. Extension of Canada's Afghanistan mission

During his time in Parliament, <mask> was one of the few opposition members supporting the minority Conservative government's commitment to Canadian military activity in Afghanistan.Prime Minister Stephen Harper called a vote in the House of

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title: Michael Ignatieff

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 Commons for May 17, 2006, on extending the Canadian Forces current deployment in Afghanistan until February 2009. During the debate, <mask> expressed his "unequivocal support for the troops in Afghanistan, for the mission, and also for the renewal of the mission." He argued that the Afghanistan mission tests the success of Canada's shift from "the peacekeeping paradigm to the peace-enforcement paradigm," the latter combining "military, reconstruction and humanitarian efforts together." The opposition Liberal caucus of 102 MPs was divided, with 24 MPs supporting the extension, 66 voting against, and 12 abstentions. Among Liberal leadership candidates, <mask> and Scott Brison voted for the extension. <mask> led the largest Liberal contingent of votes in favour, with at least five of his caucus supporters voting along with him to extend the mission. The vote was 149–145 for extending the military deployment.Following the vote, Harper shook <mask>'s hand. In a subsequent campaign appearance, <mask> reiterated his view of the mission in Afghanistan. He stated: "the thing that Canadians have to understand about Afghanistan is that we are well past the era of Pearsonian peacekeeping." Climate change policy
In the 2006 Liberal leadership race, <mask> advocated for measures to address climate change, including a carbon tax. During the 2008 federal election Dion's key policy plank was his Green Shift plan, a revenue neutral carbon tax which would put a price on greenhouse gas emissions while reducing income taxes. The Green Shift had been heavily criticized by the Conservatives and it was believed to have been a significant factor in the party's poor showing in the election. Following the election <mask> announced he would not


title: Michael Ignatieff

texts:
 campaign on Dion's Green Shift.In a speech to the Edmonton Chamber of Commerce in February 2009, he said; "You can't win elections if you're adding to the input costs of a farmer putting diesel into his tractor, or you're adding to the input costs of a fisherman putting diesel into his fishing boat, or a trucker transporting goods". He went onto say that; "You've got to work with the grain of Canadians and not against them. I think we learned a lesson in the last election." In November 2009, he announced that a Liberal government would implement an industrial cap-and-trade system to combat climate change. Forming of a potential coalition government
During the Spring 2011 federal election, <mask> clearly ruled out the formation of a coalition government with the NDP and Bloc parties. Contrary to the suggestion from the Conservative party that he was planning to form a government with the other opposition parties, <mask> issued a statement on March 26, 2011, stating that "[t]he party that wins the most seats on election day will form the government". Honorary degrees
<mask> has received 11 honorary doctorates as of June 2009 including:

Honorary Degrees

Electoral record

Bibliography

Books
Novels
Asya (1991)
Scar tissue
 Charlie Johnson in the Flames, 2005

Non-fiction

 A Just Measure of Pain: Penitentiaries in the Industrial Revolution, 1780–1850, 1978
 (ed.with István Hont) Wealth and Virtue: The Shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment, Cambridge University Press, 1983. The Needs of Strangers, Chatto and Windus, London 1984
 The Russian Album, 1987
 Blood and Belonging: Journeys Into the New Nationalism, 1994
 Warrior's Honour: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience, 1997
 Isaiah Berlin: A Life,


title: Lyubov Yablochnik

texts:
<mask> (; December 8, 1928 – September 22, 2013) was a Soviet and Russian veterinary microbiologist. Life and career

<mask>na <mask> was born in 1928 in Bryansk, Soviet Union. In 1951 she graduated from the Moscow State University of Food Production and worked as a veterinary physician in Krasnoyarsk Krai until 1954. From 1957 to 1960, she was a junior research fellow in the  M. P. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitis (Moscow, USSR) and from 1960 to 1963 she worked as a microbiologist engineer at Moskhimfarmpreparaty OAO Im. N.A. Semashko. In 1963 Yablochnik moved to more advanced scientific work.She took a course in microbiology at the First Moscow State Medical University, and then entered the postgraduate program of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine (VIEV) in the laboratory of mycology and antibiotics. From 1966 onwards, Yablochnik worked as a researcher, and in 1973 became Senior Researcher at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine. At the end of 1973, she transferred to the All-Union State Research Control Institute for Veterinary Preparations (VGNKI) as a senior researcher in the

masks:
Lyubov Yablochnik
Lyubov Markov
Yablochnik


title: Lyubov Yablochnik

texts:
 laboratory of antibiotics. In 1978, she led development of a new laboratory for the control and standardization of preparations against mycoses and she headed it from 1981 to 1989. From 1989 to 1993 <mask> was a leading researcher in the laboratory for the control and standardization of probiotics, drugs against coccal infections and mycoses. She had married and had two children by 1963. In 1993, <mask> moved with her family to the US and lived in the states of New York and New Jersey until her death in 2013.Research on prevention of ringworm in cattle
<mask>'s postgraduate study in the laboratory of mycology and antibiotics at VIEV led to her work on mycoses (diseases of animals caused by parasitic fungus). Her supervisor  directed her doctoral project to the study of immunity in cattle infected with the skin disease ringworm, of economic importance since it can spoil milk, meat, and leather quality. Her studies showed that animals that had recovered from the disease did not become ill after reinfection and therefore indicated a route to prevention of the disease. From 1969 <mask> was a leading part of the team that developed an antifungal vaccine from this observation. A live, attenuated culture of

masks: Yablochnik Lyubov Yablochnik Yablochnik


title: Lyubov Yablochnik

texts: Trichophyton verrucosum TF-130 was developed as an immunogenic treatment, applied by inoculation into the skin and its intellectual property was protected with patents in the USSR and other countries. After improving the shelf life, a new version LTF-130 was made available. As a result of immunization of cattle in the Soviet Union with the new vaccine LTF-130, between 1968 and 1978 the incidence of the disease was reduced more than 100-fold.This was a very significant improvement in disease control and replaced the used of topical and oral antimycotic treatments. The LTF-130 vaccine continues to be by far the most effective biological treatment to prevent cattle ringworm. As an example, through using LTF-130 trichophytosis in Norway has gone from an endemic notifiable disease affecting 1.7% new cattle herds annually in 1980 to only being reported from 0.043% new herds in 2004 and none in 2009. By 2012 only two herds were affected. This work was awarded a USSR State Prize in 1973. In 1983 the LTF-130 vaccine's developers (A. K. Sarkisov, L. M<mask>, S. V. Petrovich and L. I. Nikiforov) were awarded a gold medal for the "Best invention of practical use to developing countries" by the World Intellectual


title: Lyubov Yablochnik

texts:
 Property Organization (WIPO). <mask> was the first female scientist from the Soviet Union to receive this award.Publications and patents
 Yablochnik L. M. "Experimental study of immunity in trichophytia guinea pigs"  (in Russian). // Bulletin of VIEV - Moscow., 1967. - T.2.- P. 96–100. Yablochnik L. M. "Immunity in cattle trichophytosis: Dissertation of the candidate veterinary sciences" (in Russian) // Bulletin of VIEV - Moscow., 1968. - P. 20. USSR Inventor's Certificate No. 268593 for "Method of Specific Prophylaxis of Cattle Trichophytosis", 1970.Sarkisov, S. V. Petrovitch, L. I. Nikiforov, L. M<mask>, V. P. Koroleva "Immunization of Cattle against Trichophytosis", J. Veterinary, 1971, 2, 54-56 (in Russian). Yablochnik L. "Immunity in cattle trichophytosis". // Bulletin of VIEV - Moscow, 1972 - Выпуск 12 - P. 15–16. Patent DK138803B: A process for the preparation of a vaccine for the treatment of cattle against trichophytose. Inventor: Arutjun Khristoforovi Sarkisov, Svyatoslav Vsevolodo Petrovich, Lev Ivanovich Nikiforov, Ljubov Markovna Yablochnik. Original Assignee: V Iex Veterinarii. Priority date: May 29, 1972
 Patent CA-984749-A: Method for producing preparation for prophylaxis of

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. Yablochnik


title: Lyubov Yablochnik

texts:
 vaccine. Priority date: December 30, 1992. Publication date: May 30, 1994. Inventor: Л.М.Яблочник, А.Н. Панин, К.П. Летягин, К.А. Саркисов. Patent RU2018321C1; WO9415632-A1; AU9458245-A. Vaccine against trichophytosis in animals. Priority date: December 30, 1992.Publication date: August 30, 1994. Inventor: Ljubov Markovna <mask>, Karen Artemovich Sarkisov, Konstantin Pavlovich Letyagin, Alexandr Nikolaevich Panin
 Patent RU2074251C1 Strain of fungus trichophyton verrucosum used for preparing vaccine against animal dermatophytosis. Priority date: July 1, 1994. Publication date: February 27, 1997. Inventor: К.П. Летягин, Т.Н. Мохина, Л.М.Яблочник, А.Н. Панин, К.А. Саркисов

Awards and recognition

 Recipients of the USSR State Prize (1973) - for the creation of a highly effective prophylactic drug TF-130 (vaccine) against ringworm cattle, the development of its production technology, the development of industrial production and the introduction into widespread veterinary practice. WIPO Gold Medal. (June 1983) Invention: Method for production and use of the vaccine LTF-130, intended for prevention and treatment of cattle skin disease (Trichophytia). Prof. A.Kh.Sarkisov, Mr. S.V. Petrovich and Mr.


title: Eric Trump

texts:
<mask> (born January 6, 1984) is an American businessman, activist, and former reality television presenter. He is the third child and second son of the 45th president of the United States, <mask>, and his first wife, <mask>. <mask> is a trustee and executive vice president of his father's business, the Trump Organization, running it alongside his brother Donald Jr. He also served as a boardroom judge on his father's TV show The Apprentice. During their father's presidency, the brothers continued to make new investments in foreign countries, as well as collect payments in their U.S. properties from foreign governments, despite having pledged not to do so. Early life

<mask> was born in New York City and attended Trinity School. His parents divorced in 1992, when he was eight years old.As a boy, <mask> spent his summers in the Czech countryside near Zlin with his maternal grandparents. His grandfather, Milos Zelnicek, who died in 1990, was an engineer; his grandmother, Maria, worked in a shoe factory. His grandfather taught <mask> to hunt and fish. In 2002, <mask> graduated from the Hill School. He graduated with a degree in finance and management from Georgetown University in Washington, D.C.

<mask> started accompanying his father to job sites and negotiations from a young age. He has said he mowed lawns, laid tile, and did other work on his father's properties in his youth. <mask> briefly considered other careers but decided to join the family business while a high school student.Career

The Trump Organization

<mask> is the Trump Organization's executive vice president of development and acquisitions. He worked with his sister, Ivanka, to redesign and renovate Trump National Doral and its Blue Monster course in Miami, Florida. In 2013, <mask> received Wine Enthusiast Magazines "Rising Star of the Year" Award. Amid the <mask>–Ukraine scandal—where President <mask> asked the Ukrainian president to investigate Joe Biden and his son, <mask> <mask> strongly criticized Hunter, accusing him of nepotism. <mask> claimed that, unlike Hunter, "When my father became

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Donald Trump
Ivana Trump
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Eric Trump
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title: Eric Trump

texts:
 president, our family stopped doing international business deals." But when <mask> became president, rather than place his assets in a blind trust, he made <mask> a top executive in the family business, which continued to operate and promote business transactions across the world. PolitiFact and the Washington Post fact-checker rated <mask>'s assertion that the <mask> family "got out of all international business" false.PolitiFact noted that not only had the <mask> family engaged in international business dealings since <mask> became president, but that some of the president's children, including <mask>, had openly celebrated their international business activities during that time. In October 2019, <mask> complained of the Bidens, "Why is it that every family goes into politics and enriches themselves?" Shortly before he made that statement, President <mask> had decided that the G-7 summit would be held at the Trump Doral resort, owned by the Trump Organization. President <mask> reversed his decision amid bipartisan condemnation. Russian funding
In 2017 it was reported that <mask> had said that "we don't rely on American banks. We have all the funding we need out of Russia" and that "we've got some guys that really, really love golf, and they're really invested in our programmes. We just go there all the time."In 2008 <mask> said that "in terms of high-end product influx into the US, Russians make up a pretty disproportionate cross-section of a lot of our assets" and that "we see a lot of money pouring in from Russia." Television

<mask> was a boardroom judge on his father's reality television series The Apprentice (2010–2015). He appeared in 23 episodes. The Eric Trump Foundation
In 2007, <mask> established the Eric Trump Foundation, a public charity to raise money for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Tennessee. On November 30, 2012, the foundation committed to raising $20 million over ten years for the naming rights to the new Eric Trump Foundation Surgery & ICU Center in the Kay Research and Care Center, a $198 million tower that opened on

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Eric
Eric Trump
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Eric
Eric Trump
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title: Eric Trump

texts:
 February 19, 2015, on the St. Jude campus. St. Jude stated in 2013 that the 7th Annual Eric Trump Foundation Golf Invitational on September 9, 2013, at the Trump National Golf Club in Briarcliff, New York, had "...raised $1.5 million for the kids of St. Jude", for a total of $6 million since 2006. On December 30, 2016, Richard C. Shadyac Jr., the president of the fundraising organization of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, wrote the Eric Trump Foundation a letter stating that the foundation and "...related efforts, such as an Eric Trump Foundation-affiliated team that participates in the New York City Marathon", had raised $16.3 million for the hospital since the charity's inception ten years earlier.On December 21, 2016, <mask> announced that he would stop active fundraising for the Eric Trump Foundation as of December 31. The move came to avoid the appearance that donors were using him to gain access to his father after he won the presidential election. The foundation's 2016 tax return, filed under its alternative name the Curetivity Foundation, shows that the contributions it received increased from $1.8 million in 2015 to $3.2 million in 2016. The foundation gave $2,910,000 in donations to St. Jude and several smaller donations to other charities while paying a total of $145,000 to various for-profit properties the <mask> family owned. Controversy about funds usage
In 2016, the fundraising president of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital stated that the Eric Trump Foundation had raised and donated $16.3 million to the hospital since the charity's foundation. In June 2017, Forbes reported that the Eric Trump Foundation shifted money intended to go to cancer patients to the <mask>s' businesses. <mask> had asserted that his foundation got to use Trump Organization assets for free ("We get to use our assets 100% free of charge"), but that appears not to be true.According to Forbes, more than $1.2 million of the donations went to the Trump Organization for the use of <mask>'s Westchester golf course, and "Golf charity experts say the listed expenses

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title: Eric Trump

texts: defy any reasonable cost justification for a one-day golf tournament." According to a former foundation director, "We did have to cover the expenses....The charity had grown so much that the Trump Organization couldn't absorb all of those costs anymore." Forbes acknowledged that the charity has done a great deal of good, including an intensive-care unit that opened in 2015 at St. Jude and funding cancer research. According to <mask>, the Foundation's expense ratio is 12.6%, and "at no time did the Trump Organization profit in any way from the foundation or any of its activities". Forbes also reported that more than $500,000 of the money donated for cancer patients "was re-donated to other charities, many of which were connected to <mask> family members or interests, including at least four groups that subsequently paid to hold golf tournaments at Trump courses." According to Forbes, "All of this seems to defy federal tax rules and state laws that ban self-dealing and misleading donors. It also raises larger questions about the <mask> family dynamics and whether <mask> and his brother, Don Jr., can be truly independent of their father."The foundation says that relevant donors were informed that donations would be redirected. The Eric Trump Foundation has advertised that its golf charity events raised money exclusively for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, with 95–100% of the money raised going toward the charity. Public tax records show that the foundation applied significant amounts of the funds raised to pay costs of the events to the Trump Organization for use of its facilities. Additionally, the foundation donated to charitable causes other than St. Jude and made grants to several other charities, including at least three animal welfare organizations and the American Society for Enology and Viticulture, a California wine industry organization. <mask> said in July 2016 that <mask> had made "hundreds of thousands of dollars in personal donations" to the Eric Trump Foundation in the past, but there is no evidence of that. When The Washington Post

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title: Eric Trump

texts:
 requested evidence, <mask> appeared to backtrack and refused to give details. In June 2017, the New York State Attorney General's Office confirmed that it had begun an inquiry into the Eric Trump Foundation, based on issues the Forbes investigation raised.The investigation was reported as ongoing in December 2018. <mask> presidential campaigns

2016 presidential campaign

<mask>'s 2016 presidential campaign was formally launched on June 16, 2015, at Trump Tower in New York City. <mask> was a key advisor, fundraiser, and campaign surrogate during the campaign. He and his wife made campaign appearances in numerous states on his father's behalf. On August 2, 2016, in a television appearance on CBS This Morning, <mask> was asked to comment on his father's controversial statement to USA Today the previous day in which he said that if his daughter were ever subjected to sexual harassment in the workplace, he hoped she would find another company to work for or switch careers. <mask> said, "Ivanka is a strong, powerful woman; she wouldn't allow herself to be objected [recte subjected] to it." Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election
<mask> has promoted several conspiracy theories.In May 2020, <mask> said on Fox News that stay-at-home orders to combat the spread of COVID-19 were a strategy by the Democrats and the Joe Biden campaign intended to prevent his father's reelection by depriving him of the ability to conduct large campaign rallies. <mask> said that after election day, "coronavirus will magically all of a sudden go away and disappear and everybody will be able to reopen." In September 2020, <mask> spread a false video that appeared to show Biden "being caught red-handed using a teleprompter" when he was not. Following his father's electoral defeat <mask> has engaged in attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election, falsely calling the election result a "fraud" and threatening Republican lawmakers to overturn the result. While ballots were being counted in the 2020 election, <mask> made baseless claims intended to cast doubt

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title: Eric Trump

texts:
 on Pennsylvania's ballot-counting process. He shared a fake video that purported to show <mask> ballots being burned. Following the storming of the United States Capitol by his father's supporters in January 2021, <mask> was among those who advanced the conspiracy theory that people associated with antifa were responsible for the attack.Personal life

On July 4, 2013, <mask> became engaged to his longtime girlfriend Lara Lea Yunaska, an associate producer on the syndicated television news program Inside Edition. They married on November 8, 2014, at Mar-a-Lago Club in Palm Beach, Florida. The couple's first child, a son, was born in 2017, and their daughter in 2019. Big game hunting
In 2010, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) criticized <mask>, a big game hunter, for an African hunting trip he took with his older brother. PETA condemned the brothers after photos showed them on an organized safari in Zimbabwe, where they killed elephants and leopards. The director general of the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, V. Chandenga, issued an official response supporting the brothers and calling any allegations of illegality "baseless" and "false". The brothers defended their safari on Twitter, affirming their actions as hunters and longtime advocates of the outdoors.<mask> also addressed the controversy, saying on TMZ that he fully supported his sons' actions. References

External links

Living people
1984 births
21st-century American businesspeople
American conspiracy theorists
American construction businesspeople
American corporate directors
American hunters
American nonprofit businesspeople
American people of Austrian descent
American people of Moravian descent
American people of German descent
American people of Scottish descent
American real estate businesspeople
Businesspeople from New York City
Children of presidents of the United States
McDonough School of Business alumni
New York (state) Republicans
Philanthropists from New York (state)
The Hill School alumni
The Trump Organization employees
Trinity School (New York City)

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title: Barbara Toomer

texts:
<mask> (August 26, 1929April 24, 2018) was an American advocate for disability rights. She was born and raised in Southern California and attended nursing school in San Francisco. She then joined the United States Army Nurse Corps in 1953 and was stationed at Fort Bragg. In 1956, Toomer contracted polio and became a wheelchair user. She spent the remainder of her life advocating for disability rights in Utah. She founded and participated in multiple activist organizations, participated in protests against inaccessible transportation, and lobbied for housing freedom for disabled persons. Much of her activism involved ensuring that the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA) was upheld.<mask> received numerous awards for her efforts; she was awarded the Woman of Courageous Action Lifetime Achievement Award by the National Organization for Women in 2000 and the Rosa Parks Award by the Salt Lake branch of the NAACP in 2017. <mask> died in 2018 and was buried in the Utah Veterans Cemetery. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on August 26, 1929 in Pasadena, California to Samuel and Gertrude Greenlee. Her father worked in real estate, and her mother had been a secretary. She had one younger sister. The Greenlee family lived in "the back of a real estate office" during the Great Depression before moving to a family-owned ranch in Tarzana. She grew up enjoying arts and crafts—such as painting, quilting, and sewing—and participated in Girl Scouts.She attended Santa Monica High School, where she played basketball and volleyball and joined the swim team. She graduated from high school in 1947 and went on to earn an associate's degree from El Camino College in 1949. Then, in 1952, she graduated from St. Joseph’s College of Nursing in San Francisco, California with a bachelor’s degree. After graduation, she served in the United States Army Nurse Corps between 1953 and 1955. She

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title: Barbara Toomer

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 was ranked as a first lieutenant. In 1953, <mask> married Gerald Ross <mask>, a captain in the army, at Fort Bragg, North Carolina. They lived in Georgia and Minnesota before moving to Salt Lake City, Utah.<mask> and <mask> were married for 52 years and had three children. Speaking on the subject of her parents, Jennifer later recalled: "The two of them together made it so it never was, 'I can't.' It was, 'How are we going to do it?'" Shortly after the birth of her first child in 1956, Toomer contracted polio. She was hospitalized for four months and required the use of a wheelchair for the remainder of her life. She then began to advocate for increased access and accommodations for disabled people. In the 1970s, Toomer served as president of her local branch of the Relief Society, the women's organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.In this capacity, according to her obituary, she "took special care of single mothers, widows and people of low income – no questions asked." Career

Involvement in activist organizations
According to The Park Record, <mask> started her activist career in 1976. She began by writing letters and delivering speeches. She played a major role in the formation of activist organizations, founding Advocates for Utah's Handicapped and co-founding the Utah Independent Living Center (ULIC) in 1981. She served as vice chairperson of the ULIC before becoming its chairperson in 1984. She fought for federal funding for the ULIC and hired people with disabilities to run the center. <mask> was also involved with ADAPT (American Disabled for Attendant Programs Today) from its inception.In 1991, she helped organize the Disabled Rights Action Committee and served as its treasurer and secretary. She also joined the Martin Luther King Jr. Human Rights Commission and the Professional Ethics Committee of the Utah State Bar. Protests
Dissatisfied with

masks:
Barbara Greenlee
Toomer
Barbara
Ross Toomer
Toomer
Toomer


title: Barbara Toomer

texts: the results of her previous, less direct efforts, Toomer joined protests in many states against a lack of accessibility on public transportation. One of her earliest protests, a "crawl-on" in Denver in 1983, involved chanting "We will ride!" and "rallying in the cold and blocking bus routes and buildings until the transit agency caved." These "crawl-ons" involved disabled people crawling into and out of public buses to protest the lack of wheelchair lifts. Toomer spearheaded "crawl-ons" against the Utah Transit Authority (UTA) in 1985, the demonstrations culminating in Toomer and others "chaining themselves to the buses."<mask> also spoke to a crowd of UTA executives at a conference, protesting the lack of accessibility on local buses. For eight years, the UTA had denied ADAPT's requests to install wheelchair lifts; but after <mask> and other ADAPT activists "went out into Main Street during rush hour and stopped all of the buses by placing themselves in traffic," the UTA agreed to a meeting. <mask> then took part in the demonstrations in Washington D.C. to promote the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). She was "the only known Utahn to actively participate" in these protests. Then, in 1992, she participated in a protest against a telethon put on by the Jerry Lewis Muscular Dystrophy Association. The fundraiser, in <mask>'s words, advertised the disabled as being "helpless, hopeless, non-functioning and non-contributing". After the ADA was passed in 1990, Toomer fought for businesses and organizations to adhere to it.She participated in protests against Greyhound Lines. While being honored with the Rosa Parks Award by the Salt Lake City Branch of the NAACP in 2017, <mask> said, "I’ve always felt that Miss Parks and I have the same goals. She wanted to get from the back of the bus. I wanted to get on the bus." <mask> was arrested at least 35 times for her activism.

masks: Toomer Toomer Toomer Toomer Toomer Toomer


title: Barbara Toomer

texts:
 Lawsuits and lobbying
In 1991, <mask> was denied access to flights to Boise, Idaho and Utah because she did not have "an attendant capable of rendering assistance during the flight." <mask> engaged in a lawsuit claiming that SkyWest Airlines had violated the Air Carrier Access Act and the Rehabilitation Act of 1973.As a result, the court ruled that airlines that maintain such requirements are not in violation of the law unless the airlines have received federal funding. In 2000, she lobbied for one in every four new apartments constructed in Utah to be accessible, upholding the Fair Housing Act. In 2006, <mask> and the Disabled Rights Action Committee sued the transportation company City Cab, claiming that their vans didn't comply with the ADA; however, the court ruled that the company was not violating the law. <mask> reported vehicles occupying parking spots designated for people with disabilities without having proper tags. She worked to help get curb cuts in Utah for better wheelchair accessibility. <mask> was also a longtime delegate for the Democratic Party. Throughout her life, one of <mask>'s areas of focus in her activism was enabling people with disabilities to choose to live independently.Frustrated by the practice of people with disabilities being placed in nursing homes unnecessarily, Toomer pressed for the Olmstead decision to be upheld so that people with disabilities could remain in their homes and communities. She lobbied for federal aid, state aid, and affordable housing options for the elderly and persons with disabilities. In this effort, she "personally lobbied President Bill Clinton and Cabinet members of the George W. Bush administration". In 1997, Orrin Hatch mentioned Toomer in his speech at the dedication of the Military Service Memorial. Awards
Toomer received multiple awards for her advocacy. In 2000, she was awarded a Women of Courageous Action Award


title: Barbara Toomer

texts:
 from the Utah National Organization for Women. In 2005, Toomer was given the Utah Issues’ Joe Duke Rosati Hell Raiser Award.She was then recognized with a Martin Luther King Jr. Drum Major Award and the Community Justice Award in 2008, the AARP Outstanding Volunteer Award in 2014, the Crossroads Urban Center Lifetime Achievement Award in 2015, and the Rosa Parks Award from the Salt Lake Branch of the NAACP in 2017. Death and legacy
<mask> died of respiratory failure on April 24, 2018 at the age of 88. She had continued to work as an activist "well into her 80s". One of her last efforts had including lobbying for federal financial support for in-home caretakers for disabled persons. Her role as one of the "leading advocates for civil rights for people with disabilities and the poor in Utah" spanned four decades. In 2018, <mask> was posthumously honored with the Advocate of the Year Community Justice Award from the Disability Law Center for her advocacy for "equality, accessibility and civil rights for people with disabilities."The Disability Law Center also established the <mask> G. Toomer Disability Rights Fellowship in her honor. Additionally, ADAPT honored Toomer in their Fun Run fundraiser. After her death, one of Toomer's mentees recorded: "Her commitment to people with disabilities never wavered. ... She was an unstoppable force for the fair and equal treatment for all people." <mask> and her husband Ross donated their bodies to the University of Utah. She was then buried in the Utah Veterans Cemetery in Bluffdale, Utah. <mask>'s gravestone bears the inscription, “Mother, Grandmother and Friend: Advocate for All.”

External links

 <mask> autobiography, MSS 2620, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

References

1929 births
2018 deaths
Disability rights activists from the United States
Harold B. Lee library-related 20th century

masks:
Toomer
Toomer
Barbara
Toomer
Toomer
Barbara Toomer


title: Linda Howard

texts:
<mask>. Howington (born August 3, 1950 in Alabama, United States) is an American best-selling romance/suspense author under her pseudonym <mask>. Biography
She began to write at nine years old, and wrote for twenty years for her own enjoyment. She worked at a trucking company where she met her husband, Gary F. Howington, and then decided to try to get her work published in 1980. After 21 years of penning stories for her own enjoyment, she submitted a novel for publication which was very successful. She currently lives in Gadsden, Alabama with her husband, Gary F. Howington, and two golden retrievers. She has three grown stepchildren and three grandchildren. Her first work was published by Silhouette in 1982.She is a charter member of Romance Writers of America, joining in 1981 shortly after it was formed. She served as Region 3 Director (until 31 October 2008). Her husband is a professional bass tournament fisherman, and she travels with him to some very unglamorous locations where she works on her laptop. <mask> and her husband live in a big house on a farm in Alabama, where they raise cattle and have two dogs. Awards
2005 - Romance Writers of America. Career Achievement Award

Bibliography

Single Novels

All That Glitters (1982)
An Independent Wife (1982)
Against the Rules (1983)
Come Lie With Me	(1984)
Tears of the Renegade	(1985)
The Cutting Edge	(1985)
The Way Home (1991)
Overload (1993)
Heart of Fire (1993)
Dream Man (1995)
After the Night	(1995)
Lake of Dreams (1995)
Shades of Twilight	(1996)
White Out (1997)
Son of the Morning	(1997)
Night Moves (1998)
Now You See Her (1998)
Blue Moon (1999)
Mr.

masks:
Linda S
Linda Howard
Linda


title: Paul Boafo

texts:
<mask> is a Ghanaian theologian and minister who was elected as the twelfth Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church Ghana in 2018. He previously served as the Administrative Bishop of the Church. He is the first ordained minister to serve in both capacities in the episcopal history of Ghanaian Methodist Church. Boafo also served as the Protestant Chaplain of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). Early life and education
An ethnic Fante, <mask> was born in Asankragua in the Western Region of Ghana to Roman Catholic parents Opanin <mask> and Agatha Ama Asamoah Boafo. His mother described him as a sickly child and, by the age of three, he was a frequent patient at the local Catholic hospital. In 1963, Boafo enrolled as a pupil at the Asankrangwa Roman Catholic Primary School.After his first year in elementary school, he moved to live with his maternal uncle, Reverend John Bennet Nsowah Quasie, then a catechist of the Methodist Church at Ankonsia, near Bawdie in the Western Region. <mask>'s uncle was posted to Wa in the Upper West Region after completing his catechist training at the Freeman College in Kumasi. <mask> then went to the Wa Experimental Primary School and later transferred to other schools in Mangu, Kenyasi, Sefwi Wiawso, and Sefwi-Bekwai due to his uncle's work as a travelling minister. After passing the common entrance examination at the Sefwi Bekwai Methodist Middle School, <mask> was enrolled at the Wenchi Methodist Secondary School from 1972 to 1977, where he obtained his GCE 'O' Level. He went on to the Wesley College, Kumasi, where he trained as a teacher from 1978 to 1981. He was awarded the Men's Prize in 1981, on completion of his tenure as the Men's

masks:
Paul Kwabena Boafo
Paul Kwabena Boafo
Paul Kwaw Boafo
Boafo
Boafo
Boafo


title: Paul Boafo

texts:
 Secretary. Between 1989 and 1992, he studied for a bachelor's degree in Philosophy and the Study of Religions at the University of Ghana, Legon.In 1996, he was awarded a World Church Office Scholarship to for his Master of Theology Degree (MTh) at Queen's University, Belfast. Upon the recommendation of the scholarship's sponsors, the Methodist Church in Ireland and the Methodist Church Ghana, he pursued a doctorate in Wesleyan Studies from the same institution. He received a PhD in 1999. Career

Pastoral work
<mask> was a pupil teacher at the St. Peter and Paul Anglican Primary School in Saltpond in the Central Region of Ghana in 1977. In his early career, he taught at the Mpasatia Methodist Primary School. Initially a lay preacher, <mask> was commissioned a probationer on 8 June 1986 at the Wesley Cathedral in Accra, and subsequently ordained a full Methodist agent three years later on 27 August 1989 at the Wesley Cathedral in Sunyani. He was a columnist for the Christian Sentinel, the official newspaper of the Methodist Church Ghana.<mask> co-edited the church's Weekly Bible Lesson and edited the Methodist Times from 2000 to 2016. <mask> Tutu Secondary School at Akropong-Ashanti. Simultaneously, he was the attached adjunct minister to three local congregations in the Amakom circuit. Ebenezer Methodist Church, Pankrono, formerly in the Old Tafo Circuit,
 Mount Zion Methodist Church, Ahensan
 Emmanuel Methodist Church, Atonsu

<mask>o was the first resident minister at the Akyem Otwereso in the Akim Oda Circuit. Boafo was the Superintendent Minister at the:
 New Achimota Circuit in the Accra Diocese from 1999 to 2001
 Accra North Circuit, Adabraka between 2001 and 2005

Boafo also held the

masks:
Paul Boafo
Boafo
Paul Boafo
Paul Boafosei
Paul Boaf


title: Paul Boafo

texts:
 following positions:
 Attester to the Kumasi Synod and Methodist Conferences
 Diocesan Chaplain to the Association of Methodist Men's Fellowships, Kumasi
 Member, Methodist Conference

He was appointed the resident Protestant Chaplain at the KNUST, where he lectured at the Religious Studies Department. He served on different committees including
 Queen Elizabeth II Hall Council
 KNUST Health Services Management Board
 Committee of University Ecumenical Chaplaincy Board
 KNUST Local Council of Churches
University Syllabus Review Committee, Methodist University College Ghana

<mask> also served as an auxiliary minister at the following four stations:
 Christ the King Methodist Church, Asokwa
 St. Paul's Methodist Church, Kentinkromo
 Aldersgate Methodist Church, Ayigya Annex
 Bethel Methodist Church, Ayigya

Presiding Bishop of the Methodist Church
After serving as the Administrative Bishop of the Methodist Church Ghana, <mask> was elected as the Presiding Bishop and assumed office on 1 October 2018 after an induction service for a six-year, non-renewable term of office. The induction service, held at the Wesley Cathedral, Cape Coast, saw a grand parade by the Cape Coast Diocesan Brigade under the Command of the Connexional Brigade executives.The cathedral historically and symbolically served as the mother Diocese of the Methodist Church Ghana dating to the first half of the nineteenth century. In attendance, at the induction ceremony, were 2000 congregants including serving and retired members of the church hierarchy; Diocesan Bishops, Lay Presidents, General Directors and Directors, Synod Secretaries, Lay Chairmen, Boards, Chairmen of Advisory teams, affiliates of the Methodists Church Ghana,

masks:
Paul Boafo
Boafo


title: Paul Boafo

texts:
 Foreign Missions, visitors, invited guests, family and friends and the media. The ceremony was also attended the Vice-President of Ghana, Mahamudu Bawumia. At the service, he was enrobed in ceremonial vestments for the office and received a staff; a Bible; a ring; and a stole, signifying his new role as the figurehead of the Ghanaian Methodist Church and its heritage, doctrines, teachings and expansion. In his homily, the Presiding Bishop, Titus Kofi Awotwi Pratt, preached on the theme Avail yourselves to God inspired by Judges 13:2-7. Academia
<mask>o's teaching, research and writing is under Wesleyan theology. By 2000, he had assumed the role of adjunct professor and facilitator in Wesleyan Studies, specialising in theological education and ministerial formation at the Trinity Theological Seminary, Legon.He had a similar stint at the Methodist University College, Dansoman where he taught causes in professional ethics in a Wesleyan context. At the Freeman Centre for Leadership and Development, he led the facilitation of evangelist education. He was appointed a senior lecturer in historical theology at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). He is a professional scholar of the American-based Wesleyan Philosophical Society and Wesleyan Theological Society. Personal life
<mask> is married with children. References

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology faculty
University of Ghana faculty
Akan people
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Fante people
Ghanaian chaplains
Ghanaian clergy
Ghanaian Methodists
University of Ghana alumni
Trinity Theological Seminary, Legon alumni
Trinity Theological Seminary, Legon

masks:
Paul Boaf
Paul Boafo


title: Enrique Morente

texts:
<mask> (25 December 1942 – 13 December 2010), known as <mask>, was a flamenco singer (in Spanish, cantaor) and a controversial figure within the world of contemporary flamenco. After his orthodox beginnings, he plunged into experimentalism, writing new melodies for cante (flamenco singing) and jamming with musicians of all styles, without renouncing his roots in traditional flamenco singing, which he kept on cultivating despite criticism. "It hasn't been easy. First came the accusations of corruption of the music, of treachery in his struggle to disfigure what was already perfectly coded. When some albums and some categorical evidence of his knowledge of the classical approach laid these malicious comments bare, then came the most twisted condemnations. That the pace of the compás waned (just get a metronome and see for yourself), that he didn't really make you feel (are there really many true aficionados whose hair doesn't stand on end listening to his caña 'Eso no lo manda la ley', 'La aurora de Nueva York' or 'Generalife', to name three markedly different examples) and that kind of thing." he was perhaps the most influential contemporary flamenco singer, who not only innovated, but it could also be said that he created tradition: some of his cantes have been performed by other singers such as Camarón de la Isla, Mayte Martín, Carmen Linares, Miguel Poveda, Segundo Falcón and Arcángel.He also is the father of flamenco singer Estrella <mask>. The posthumously published volume of Leonard Cohen's poems, The Flame, includes "Homage to Morente." (pp. 30–31)

Biography
<mask>, born in the traditional quarter of Albaicín in Granada, started to sing as a seise

masks:
Enrique Morente Cotelo
Enrique Morente
Morente
Enrique Morente


title: Enrique Morente

texts:
 as playing a guitar. But I can tell you that a man -with fine, sensitive fingers is not going to be able to make a go of picking potatoes: and I can also tell you that a man with fingers swollen from picking potatoes is not going to be able to play a guitar because he hasn't got the manual dexterity and he hasn't got the dedication. This is a profession like any other which you have to dedicate yourself to completely. It is an art of professionals." Still in his teens, <mask> went to live in Madrid to start a professional career as a singer. There he was able to meet some old masters like Pepe de la Matrona and Bernardo el de los Lobitos, and learned as much as he could from them. Pepe de la Matrona took special interest in teaching the young singer: "This interest was raised not so much by <mask>’s intonation, by his registers or by his melismatic as by his attitude towards things, his respect and his learning capacity."In Madrid, he started singing at peñas flamencas (clubs for flamenco fans). In 1964, he signed a contract with the Ballet de Marienma, with whom he then performed at the Spanish Pavilion at the New York Worlds Fair and at the Spanish Embassy in Washington DC. Later he took part in a flamenco festival at Teatro de los Alcázares de los Reyes Cristianos, sharing the bill with Juan Talega, Fernanda and Bernarda de Utrera, Gaspar de Utrera, Tomás Torre and Antonio Mairena. During that year and the following one, he also toured Europe and Japan with different flamenco dance companies, and was employed at several tablaos (flamenco venues) in Madrid, such as Las Cueva de Nemesio, Zambra and El Café de Chinitas. First recordings
Morente made his

masks:
Morente
Enrique Morente


title: Enrique Morente

texts:
 Auditorium of the Universidad de las Américas, and performed at Lincoln Center (to which he would return to perform at again in 1973) and the Spanish Institute in New York City. In 1972, he was also awarded the Premio Nacional del Cante (National Award for Flamenco Singing) by the Cátedra de Flamencología in Jerez. Alternating tradition
<mask> arrived back to orthodox flamenco singing with his recording Homenaje a Don Antonio Chacón (Homage to Antonio Chacón, 1977), which obtained the National Award for best folk music album, granted by the Ministry of Culture. In this recording, Morente vindicated the figure of singer Antonio Chacón, the creator of the granaína and a fundamental figure of flamenco in the first decades of the 20th century, who had been, nevertheless, relegated by the views of the 1950s–1970s flamencology, as a representative of the non-Romani (Gypsy) flamenco which that generation considered impure. However, in an alternation between tradition and innovation typical of Morente, the recording was immediately followed, in 1978, by Despegando ("Taking off"), this time in an innovative mood: the title itself is, in fact, a declaration of intentions. In 1981 he toured a new show, Andalucía hoy ("Andalusia Today"), which he would later perform at the Paris Olympia in Paris, France.In 1982, some of his recordings were chosen by flamencologist José Blas Vega to take part in the flamenco anthology Magna Antología del Cante (a complete collection of traditional styles of cante) to illustrate songs such as the tarantas from Almería, several types of cartageneras, the fandangos by Frasquito Yerbabuena, and all the malagueñas and granaínas created by


title: Enrique Morente

texts:
 Antonio Chacón. In 1990 in another comeback to orthodoxy, he recorded Morente-Sabicas, with guitarist Sabicas, who was already in his 70s. In the following year, he created and recorded a flamenco mass, a type of creation that already had some precedents, like the one recorded by Antonio Mairena, Luis Caballero, and Naranjito de Triana in 1968. However Morente's mass is totally different from any previous examples. Whereas earlier flamenco masses basically tried to use traditional flamenco singing for the liturgy, <mask>'s does not even have a liturgic purpose, and mixes flamenco with other genres like Gregorian chant. About this mass, in one of his touches of humour, Morente said:

"At a given point, I thought I could dedicate it to Pope Clement, the one of El Palmar de Troya, but then I remembered that he had canonized Franco, Primo de Rivera, Carrero Blanco and all those guys and, while on the one hand I thought it was funnier, on the other hand I thought the joke could be interpreted in a strange way and I didn't do it, though I was about to do it. But the record was made with a sincerity and a true intention, no matter the results, and I thought it was like ruining it a bit because of the joke.. and that was too much!"Later works

In 1995 he appeared singing a siguiriya in Carlos Saura's film Flamenco and recorded his most controversial recording: Omega, together with the alternative rock group Lagartija Nick, with the participation of guitarists such as Tomatito, Vicente Amigo, Juan Manuel Cañizares and Miguel Ángel Cortés and percussionists like Tino di Geraldo. Flamenco and punk rock are mingled with recreations of songs by Leonard Cohen, and


title: Enrique Morente

texts: lyrics from Federico García Lorca's book Poeta en Nueva York ("A Poet in New York"), together with traditional flamenco lyrics. The work was performed at the 2008 Festival Internacional de Benicàssim, under the stage name Morente Omega con Lagartija Nick (Antonio Arias, David Fernandez, Lorena Enjuto and Jesus Requena). The year 2001 saw the publishing of a very much sought for record by Morente, "<mask>nte en la Casa Museo de García Lorca de Fuentevaqueros", a collection of songs based on the poetry of Federico García Lorca. The recording had been made in studio in Madrid, in 1990, and it had been commissioned by the Diputación de Granada (a government institution). Only a limited edition was made and the copies were sent as gifts to particular persons. In the second hand market, those copies reached 25,000 pesetas (150 euros).Another interesting release of Morente, El Pequeño Reloj, saw the light in 2003. Whereas the second half of the CD is a more or less random collection of songs, the first half of the record comprises a surprising series of songs which are broken in two parts: in the first part of the song, Morente's voice is superimposed on top of old 78 r.p.m recordings of old masters of the flamenco guitar like Ramón Montoya, Sabicas or Manolo de Huelva, while the second part is a modern development of the same palo, with the side guitar of the young and innovative guitarist Niño Josele. Although Morente could not read musical notation he composed music for theatre plays, films and television, such as the work Las Arrecogidas del Beaterio de Santa María Egipcíaca", the music for Oedipus the King with José Luis Gómez. He has tried the mixture


title: Enrique Morente

texts:
 commitment:

"This comes from the man who never sings the same way twice, who tirelessly seeks that new inflection, that unheard-of scale, the change of tone that best matches the desired feeling and intentions at a given moment. The easy option would be the other one. To do what <mask> does you need extreme intellectual abilities and extreme emotional commitment.He takes the perfectly-laid, common foundations, defined by tradition, and on them builds with all the conceivable potential of flamenco." In December 2010 it was reported that Morente had fallen into a coma after an ulcer operation, and had been declared brain dead. He died in Madrid on 13 December 2010. Directed by Carlos Saura (1995)
Morente sueña La Alhambra. Directed by José Sánchez-Montes (2005)
Iberia. Directed by Carlos Saura (2005)
Morente. Directed by Emilio R. Barrachina (2011)

Discography
Cante flamenco (1967)
Cantes antiguos del flamenco (1969)
Homenaje flamenco a Miguel Hernández (1971)
Se hace camino al andar (1975)
Homenaje a Don Antonio Chacón (1977)
Despegando (1977)
Morente en vivo, Díscolo, (1981), illegal recording live
Sacromonte (1982)
Cruz y Luna (1983)
Esencias flamencas (1988)
Morente – Sabicas (1990)
<mask>nte en la Casa Museo de Federico García Lorca de Fuentevaqueros (1990)
Misa flamenca (1991)
Negra, si tú supieras (1992)
Alegro, Soleá y Fantasía del Cante Jondo  (1995)
Omega (1996)
Morente – Lorca  (1998)
El pequeño reloj (2003)
Morente sueña la Alhambra (2005, Mute Records)
Pablo de Málaga  (2008)

References

External links

1942 births
2010 deaths
People from Granada
Singers from Andalusia
Flamenco singers
Mute Records artists
20th-century Spanish

masks:
Enrique
Enrique More