title: Asafa Powell

texts: <mask>, CD (born 23 November 1982) is a Jamaican sprinter who specialises in the 100 metres. He set the 100 metres world record twice, between June 2005 and May 2008 with times of 9.77 and 9.74 seconds. <mask> has consistently broken the 10-second barrier in competition, with his personal best of 9.72 s ranking fourth on the all-time list of male 100-metre athletes. As of 1 September 2016, <mask> has broken the ten-second barrier more times than anyone else—97 times. He currently holds the world record for the 100-yard dash with a time of 9.09 s, set on 27 May 2010 in Ostrava, Czech Republic. At the 2016 Rio Olympic Games, he won a gold medal in the 4 x 100 metres relay. <mask> competed in the 100 m at the 2004, 2008 and 2012 Olympics, finishing fifth in 2004 and 2008 and eighth after injuring his groin during the race in 2012.At the 2007 Osaka World Championships, he won a bronze and a silver medal in the 100 m and 4 x 100 m relay respectively, and he was successful at the Commonwealth Games, winning two golds and one silver medal. At the 2009 World Championships, he won the 100 m bronze and relay gold. <mask> has won five times at the IAAF World Athletics Final and was the former 100 m world record holder in the event. In 2013, <mask> tested positive for the stimulant oxilofrine along with teammate Sherone Simpson and voluntarily withdrew from the 2013 World Athletics Championships as a result, though both maintained they did not take any banned supplements knowingly or willfully. On 10 April 2014, they received an 18-month suspension from competing, which was set to

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 expire in December that year. However the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) lifted both athletes' suspensions on 14 July 2014, finding that the positive tests were caused by the presence of oxilofrine, undisclosed by the manufacturer, in a supplement taken by the pair. Biography and sprinting career
Born in Spanish Town, Jamaica, <mask> <mask> is the youngest of six sons of two ministers.<mask> attended Ewarton Primary School and Charlemont High School, both in St. Catherine, Jamaica. <mask> planned to be a mechanic before he took up running while studying in Kingston, Jamaica. His eldest brother Donovan, was a 60 m finalist in the 1999 World Indoor Championships. Running runs in the family: His brothers clocked 9.5 seconds for the 100 yd dash, his mother 11.4 s, and his father 10.2 s. <mask> is a member of the MVP (Maximising Velocity and Power) Track & Field Club based at the University of Technology, Jamaica and has been coached by Stephen Francis since 2001. 2000–2005: Early career

<mask> represented his school Charlemont High at the ISSA High School Championships. On 11 April he finished fourth in the Class 1 200 m, in 23.07 with a −1.7 m/s headwind. On 13 April, he finished third in his heat of the Boy's Class 1 100 m, recording 11.45 with a −2.3 m/s headwind.Neither time recorded in the heats was quick enough to advance him to the next round of competition. <mask> again represented Charlemont High at the ISSA High School Boy And Girls Championships, finishing seventh in the Class 1 100 m Final. Recognizing some talent, coach Stephen Francis started coaching

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 <mask> one week later. The coach looked for a way to give the tall teenager a faster start. After searching the island, Stephen Francis found a 100 m stretch of road with a 10% slope and trains his runners on that. <mask> vindicated Francis by winning the Boys Under-20 100 m event in 10.50 seconds at the JAAA National Championships on 22 June. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester, <mask> finished fifth in the semi-finals of the 100 m event, setting a personal best of 10.26 s. <mask>, along with Michael Frater, Dwight Thomas and Christopher Williams formed the Jamaican 4×100 m relay team that went on to win a silver medal.<mask> finished just behind Darren Campbell in the last leg of the relay, with both men finishing in 38.62 s.

<mask> won the Jamaican 100 m National Championship in 2003. <mask> came to attention within the world of athletics at the 2003 World Championships, when he suffered the ignominy of being 'the other athlete' disqualified for a false start in the quarter-final. This was when Jon Drummond memorably refused to leave the track having suffered the same fate, both athletes moved less than 0.1 s after the gun had fired, with <mask>'s reactions being timed at 0.086 s. Six days later <mask> was added to the 4 × 100 m relay team for the semi-final, running as the anchor. He helped the team qualify for the final, recording the second fastest time. <mask> never had a chance to run for a medal in the final as the second baton exchange was not executed cleanly and the Jamaican team failed to finish. During the 2003 season, <mask> won two IAAF Grand Prix

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texts: events, one of which was an AF Golden League event. He finished seventh in 10.23 s in the 100 m at the IAAF World Athletics Final.On 12 June, <mask> recorded his first sub-10 100 m race time (9.99 s +1.8 m/s) while participating in the National Junior Track and Field Championships, held at the GC Foster College in Spanish Town. Two weeks later <mask> became one of the favourites for a medal in the 100 m at the 2004 Athens Olympics after winning the Jamaican National Championships with a personal best time of 9.91 s. Although he ended the season with a record-equaling nine sub-10 second runs, <mask> finished just fifth in the highly competitive Olympic final, with a time of 9.94 s. Following this he pulled out of the 200 m final, even though he had already qualified eighth for it earlier on. <mask> did not get the chance to run for a medal in the 4 × 100 m relay, as the Jamaican team failed to qualify for the final with a season best 38.71 s fourth-place finish in their heat. Following his Olympic disappointment <mask> set a new national record of 9.87 s for the 100 m at the Memorial Van Damme in Bruxelles on 3 September. He recorded five IAAF Grand Prix wins in 2004. In addition, he became the first man to win both the 100 m and 200 m races at the World Athletics Final in championship record time. <mask> was world ranked number one for the 100 m and number four for the 200 m at the end of the season.<mask> set a new national record of 9.84 s at the Jamaica International Invitational in May. He gained some consolation for his Olympic performance by breaking the 100 m world

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 record in Athens on 14 June 2005, setting a time of 9.77 s, beating American Tim Montgomery's 2002 record of 9.78 s (which was later annulled due to doping charges against Montgomery) by just 0.01 s. Coincidentally, <mask> achieved the feat on the same track as Maurice Greene's 1999 world record run of 9.79 s. Wind assistance for <mask> was measured at 1.6 m/s, within the IAAF legal limit of 2.0 m/s. <mask> again won the 100 m final at the Jamaican National Championships. A groin injury in July cut short his season and forced him to miss the World Championships. His season ended with just two IAAF Grand Prix event wins. Despite his shortened season, <mask> had the three fastest 100 m times of the year, received the Caribbean And Central American (CAC) Male Athlete of the Year award, and ranked second in the world. 2006–2007: Worldwide success

2006 was <mask>'s most successful season.He won the 2006 Commonwealth Games 100 metres race after a drama-filled semi-final which saw two disqualifications and three false starts. <mask> himself ran into another competitor's lane while looking at the scoreboard, however he was held not to have impeded the runner. He also anchored the 4 × 100 m relay team, and finished the Commonwealth Games with two gold medals. In May, he won the 100 m at the Jamaica International Invitational in 9.95 s. In addition to winning the 200 m at the Jamaican National Championships in June, he won ten 100 m IAAF Grand Prix events, including all six Golden League events. <mask> then equalled his world record time on 11 June 2006 at Gateshead International


title: Asafa Powell

texts: Stadium with wind assistance measured at +1.5 m/s. The exact time was 9.7629 s, which was rounded up to 9.77 s as per IAAF rules. On 18 August 2006 in Zürich, <mask> equalled it again for the second time with wind assistance at +1.0 m/s.He won his sixth IAAF Golden League event (for the 100 m) in the same season, thus earning him a total of $250,000 in prize money. <mask> also won the 100 m at the World Athletics Final, again setting a new championship record on 9 September. One week later at the World Cup in Athletics, the Americas team anchored by <mask> recorded a DNF. In October, <mask> again received the Caribbean And Central American (CAC) Male Athlete of the Year award. On 12 November 2006, he was awarded the title of 2006 Male IAAF World Athlete of the Year along with a cheque for $100,000. He also received the honour of Track & Field Athlete of the Year for 2006. On 5 January 2007, <mask> received the Commonwealth Games Sports Foundation Athlete of the Year award.On 3 February he was honoured at the International Sports Group (ISG) Awards Banquet, held in New York. In addition, <mask> was nominated for the Laureus World Sports Awards Sportsman of the Year award. Suffering from knee Tendinitis and missing weeks of training <mask> missed competing at the Penn Relays and the Jamaica International Invitational in May. <mask> was again the Jamaican National Champion for the 100 m. Unfortunately, <mask> again injured his groin while running the final at the Jamaica Championships. He only managed to finish third in the 100 m final at the 2007 World Championships in

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 Osaka, Japan, behind Tyson Gay, who was considered <mask>'s biggest rival building up to the Championships. Derrick Atkins, <mask>'s second cousin, came second in 9.91 s. <mask> himself finished in a time of 9.96 s (running in a 0.5 m/s headwind) after being passed by Tyson and Derrick Atkins in the late stages of the race. Later, <mask> admitted that he panicked and gave up after seeing Tyson pass him, allowing Derrick Atkins also to overtake.Former American sprinter Michael Johnson was critical of <mask>'s performance, stating:

However, <mask> did help to win the silver medal in the 4 × 100 m relay race. Running the anchor leg for the Jamaican team, he came from fifth and passed Great Britain at the line to help record a Jamaican national record of 37.89 s. The United States meanwhile took gold. On 9 September 2007, in the opening heats of the IAAF Grand Prix in Rieti, Italy, <mask> ran a new world record time of 9.74 s (+1.7 m/s) in the 100 m, thus fulfilling the promise he had made earlier after his bronze medal in Osaka, that he would break the record by the end of the year. This was intended to make up for the disappointment of not becoming World Champion. Remarkably, <mask> eased up in the final few metres of his record-setting run, indicating that he was saving his strength for the final. In the final itself, <mask> finished in 9.78 s (0 m/s windspeed) and bettered his semi-final time when adjusted for wind assistance. Unfortunately, <mask> ended his season on 30 September with a left hamstring injury, which came about while running in the lead of the 200 m race

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 at the Super Track & Field meet in Yokohama, Japan.<mask> finished 2007 with a total of five IAAF Grand Prix event wins, plus his second consecutive World Athletic Final 100 m win, with yet another championship record. For the third consecutive year <mask> won the Caribbean And Central American (CAC) Male Athlete of the Year award. <mask> closed the year receiving the IAAF Performance of the Year award, for his 9.74 s world record, and was ranked second in the world. 2008–2009: Olympics and World Championships

On 29 January 2008, <mask> received the RJR Sports Foundation's 2007 Sportsman of the Year award. <mask>'s 2008 season started much as his 2007 season ended: with another injury. <mask> was forced to pull out of the Sydney Grand Prix meeting, having suffered a gash to his left knee that required four stitches. The injury was a result of tripping on the steps of his home, hours before getting on the flight to Sydney on 12 February.<mask> was again injured in April, this time with damage to his pectoral muscles. The injury forced <mask> out of competition for two months, and was sustained while weight training in Jamaica during mid-April. Surgery was required, and a visible scar was left on his right underarm. On 31 May, fellow Jamaican Usain Bolt ran a time of 9.72 s at the Reebok Grand Prix in New York, breaking <mask>'s 3-year dominance of the 100 m world record. On 11 July, <mask> suffered his third injury of 2008 while leading in Heat 1 of the Golden Gala Roma, eventually finishing fifth. He had injured his groin (described as a "strain" and a "cramp"), and was


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 forced to miss the next two events on the Grand Prix schedule. <mask> made his comeback at the DN Galan meet, where he beat the new World Record holder Bolt, in a close race.The meet's top performers were a Jamaican 1–2–3–4 with Nesta Carter and Michael Frater following the pair. This top four would later combine to run the 4 × 100 m relay at the Olympics. Prior to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, <mask> hit back at the claims saying he lacked the mental strength needed to win an Olympic gold medal. Despite his words, the 100 m final saw <mask> again finish in a disappointing fifth, recording a time of 9.95 s. Teammates Bolt and Michael Frater also raced in the final. Bolt won and broke the record he set months earlier (finishing in 9.69 s) and Frater came sixth, recording his first sub-10 clocking at 9.97 s.

Seven days later, <mask> finally got his first Olympic medal as he anchored the Jamaican 4 × 100 m relay team to victory, helping establish a new world record in the process. His split time was recorded at 8.70 s (USATF High Performance Registered Split Analysis), bettering his previous record of 8.84 s set in Osaka, 2007. This is the fastest electronically timed anchor run in history, as Bob Hayes was hand timed as running between 8.6 and 8.9 seconds in the 1964 Olympics.The gold medal was later vacated by the IOC in 2017 when a retest of teammate Nesta Carter found the presence of the prohibited substance methylhexaneamine. On 2 September 2008, <mask> ran a new personal best of 9.72 s in the 100 m with windspeed measured at +0.2 m/s. He accomplished this feat at the

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 Athletissima Grand Prix in Lausanne, Switzerland. After the run, he said that Bolt's record performance at the Olympics had inspired him to target a time of 9.59 s:

<mask> was optimistic about his future chances on the track, and philosophical as to why he could not peak in past major championships:

Following his fifth-place finish in Beijing on 16 August, <mask> recorded seven consecutive 100 m races under 9.90 s, including two races under 9.80 s. In addition, 2008 was <mask>'s second-best season on the Grand Prix circuit, claiming seven victories, plus his third consecutive win (and fourth overall) in the 100 m at the World Athletics Final. On his return to Jamaica, <mask> was honoured in a homecoming celebration and received an Order of Distinction (Commander Rank) in recognition
of his achievements at the Olympics. For the second consecutive year <mask> ranked second in the world. <mask> opened his season on 31 January at the Grace Jackson Invitational, held at Stadium East, Kingston, Jamaica.He ran the 400 metres, winning his heat in 47.75 s, placing him second overall in the four heat time-final. <mask> ran the anchor leg for two relay teams at the Milo Western Relays held at the GC Foster College on 14 February. In his first race, his MVP team recorded a new meet record and world leading time of 38.72 s for the 4 × 100 m relay. Later, he was timed at 46.27 s for his leg of the 4 × 400 metres relay, again winning the race for his MVP team. <mask> next competed at the Sydney Track Classic in Australia on 28 February, again running the anchor leg in the 4 x 100 m

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 relay and winning it in a new world leading time of 38.62 s. Two hours later, he ran a 400 m race, finishing 4th in a new personal best 45.94 s and shaving 1.23 s off his previous best time. After the 400 m race, <mask> said:

Five days later, <mask> ran his first 100 m race of the season. Competing at the Melbourne Track Classic he ran a world leading 10.23 s, wind measuring −1.4 m/s on the coldest day of the year to date.On 16 April, <mask> was nominated for the Laureus World Team of the Year award, as a member of the 2008 Jamaica Olympic Sprint Team. <mask> then found himself involved in controversy when he was a last-minute "no show" at the UTech Track and Field Classic on 18 April. He had previously been advertised to run the 200 m and 4 × 100 m relay races. <mask> attended as a spectator. A press conference called three days later by the MVP Track Club did not fully answer questions as to why <mask> did not compete. The matter was reported to the Jamaica Fair Trading Commission which started investigations on 23 April. <mask> was next to run at the Penn Relays on 25 April, but on the morning of the event, the Jamaica Observer reported that he had withdrawn from the 4 × 100 m relay.His manager Paul Doyle stated that <mask> would not run due to concerns with his ankle while running the curve on the Franklin Field track. The Jamaica Observer cited a "highly placed source" when reporting that <mask> had turned his ankle in training at Utech. Despite the report, <mask> ran the anchor leg of the relay but aggravated the ankle injury, pulled up and finished ninth in 41.24


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 s.

Scheduled to run at the IAAF Super Grand Prix in Doha on 8 May, <mask> withdrew from the event, citing the need for sufficient time for his injured ankle to properly heal. He finished seventh in his first event returning from injury, the Reebok Grand Prix held in New York at Icahn Stadium on 30 May. When interviewed he stated that his ankle was very weak but not painful. He finished second in his next event, the Prefontaine Classic eight days later. On 27 June, he qualified for the 100 m at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics with a second-place finish in 9.97 s at the Jamaican national championships.At the Bislett Games on 3 July, <mask> overcame a poor start to win the 100 m in a 10.07 s photo finish. Four days later he recorded the same time in winning the Athletissima 100 m. Although he improved his season's best to 9.88 s, he finished second to Tyson Gay at the Golden Gala Roma on 10 July. <mask> next ran the 100 m at
the International Meeting of Athletics' Sports Solidarity, a charity event that encourages the participation of disabled athletes, finishing third. At the 2009 World Championships in Athletics, <mask> took bronze in the finals of the 100 m meet with a time of 9.84 seconds, while compatriot Bolt broke his own world record by running 9.58 seconds. Eight days later, on 22 August, <mask> helped Jamaica claim gold in the 4 × 100 m relay by running the anchor leg. The time of 37.31 seconds set was a new Championship Record for the event. 2010–2011

<mask> <mask> opened his 2010 season on 20 February at the UWI Invitational Meet in Jamaica by

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texts: competing in the 400 m. He won his heat in a time of 47.56 s but was placed 3rd overall according to his time.He then ran the 200 m at the UTech Classic on 17 April 2010, also in his homeland. He competed in the 200 m in heavy rain and cold conditions. <mask> opened up a huge lead in the first 100 m, after which he slowed drastically and won his heat in 21.27 s in a 1 m/s headwind. Later, it was reported that <mask> had suffered minor cramps on his left calf muscles, which was why he had to slow down. <mask> was next scheduled to run in the highly anticipated 4x100 m Penn Relays featuring Jamaica Yellow, and competing against Usain Bolt (Jamaica Black). However, he pulled out of the race as it was reported by his assistant coach that he had an injured toe, which would need some time to heal. At the IAAF Diamond League in Doha, <mask> made a wind aided time of 9.75 s in the heat and 9.81 s in the final, also wind-aided.He subsequently set a 100 m world leading time of 9.83 s. En route to this performance, he also set the rarely run 100 yards dash world best at 9.07 s, beating the previous record of 9.21 s set by Charlie Greene. <mask> next competed at the DKF Bislett Games in Oslo, Norway, where he powered to a splendid victory with a wind-aided 9.72 s. A week later, he competed at the Golden Gala in Rome, Italy, where he overcame a very poor reaction time at the start to take another victory in a World Leading time of 9.82 s. It was reported that <mask> ended his six-year contract with leading sports brand Nike due to sponsorship problems, and rumours spread that he has a

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texts: new contract with fast upcoming Chinese sports brand Li-Ning. <mask> next competed in the 200 m of the Jamaican Senior Trials where he won the final in 19.97 s, his second fastest ever. There, for the first time, he promoted his new Li Ning outfit. <mask> next competed in Gateshead where he got off to a terrific start but lost to fast finishing Tyson Gay, who took the victory in 9.94 s to <mask>'s 9.96 s in a strong 1.7 m/s headwind. <mask> was not very disappointed as he mentioned that he got too relaxed, thus allowing Gay to outdo him in the final strides. The next race in Paris against Usain Bolt was a disappointing one.Although he had a good start, Bolt caught him at halfway point, and <mask> began to lose his fluent running form. He finished 2nd to Bolt in 9.91 s, 0.07 s slower than his rival and also into a slight headwind. <mask> said that he had a very bad race, which he hoped to improve in his upcoming races. Unfortunately for <mask>, there was not a 'next race' for him. He picked up strains from his Paris meeting, which aggravated to hamstring and back problems. <mask> missed his next two outings where he was scheduled to clash against Bolt and Gay. <mask> ended his splendid 2010 season on a disappointing note, even though he expressed satisfaction on the races that he competed for the year.<mask> opened his 2011 season on 16 April at the National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica. He ran the 200 m where he came in third after what looked to be a good first 140 m, slowing down significantly at the last quarter of the race. His time was 20.55 s for the race behind

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texts: Yohan Blake and Daniel Bailey. <mask> ran his next race was the 4 x 100 m relay, USA vs The World, at the Penn Relays 2011, on 28 April. He ran the unusual first leg for Jamaica as he blasted off like a bullet to give Jamaica the lead. Jamaica won the event in a world leading time of 38.33 s, ahead of USA Red and USA Blue teams respectively. He stated after the run that he was in good shape, and looking forward to do great things in the year ahead.<mask> next ran the 200 m at the Jamaica International Invitational Meet on 7 May. He looked promising in the first 120 m, after which he slowed down drastically, finishing in last place with a time of 21.40 s, in a race won by Jamaican Nickel Ashmeade. He later stated that he felt a minor pain in his hamstring, and backed off as a precaution, but insisted that it was nothing serious. In the second meeting of the 2011 IAAF Diamond League at Shanghai Golden Grand Prix, <mask> won the 100 m with a time of 9.95 seconds. <mask> next ran at the IAAF Diamond League in Rome against Usain Bolt on 26 May. <mask> had a superb start and mid, but he faded towards the end, only to allow the world record holder to surpass him in the final 10–12 m of the race. Bolt won in 9.91 s, and <mask> came second in 9.93s.He said that he had lost focus, but is confident about beating Bolt after what he had done that day. <mask> next competed in the IAAF World Challenge in Rabat, Morocco, in a low key meet. There, after running the first 20 m, he pulled up and finished last in 36.13 s, citing a precaution against a serious hamstring injury. Reports said


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texts: that it was nothing serious, and he would be ready for the Jamaican Trials later in the month. At the Jamaican Trials 23–24 July, <mask> looked impressive as he qualified through the rounds. He posted a season best of 9.90s in his semi-final, despite easing off in the final 1 5m. Later, after overcoming a bad start, <mask> won the final to be titled National Champion for the fifth time in his career.He won in a time of 10.08 s into a 1.8 m/s headwind. Yohan Blake and Steve Mullings were second and third respectively with only 0.01 s separating them. Next up for <mask> was the Diamond League Athletissima in Lausanne on 30 June. In chilly conditions not ideal for sprinting, the former world record holder bulleted out of his blocks and ran to the tape, recording a world-leading 9.78 s with a following wind of 1.0 m/s. <mask> was indeed happy with his strong performance, his fastest in three years, and full of confidence about the rest of the season and IAAF World Championships in Daegu, South Koreaa in late August. Next up for <mask> was the IAAF Diamond League Meeting in Birmingham, England on 10 July. He became the first man in history to break the 10 seconds barrier in the Sir Alexander Stadium when he clocked a very easy looking 9.95 s in his heat.Later, in the final, he eased to a 9.91 s victory where compatriots Nesta Carter and Michael Frater finished second and third respectively. <mask> was satisfied with both his races, stating that he took both the races easy due to very chilly and rainy conditions. <mask> seemed more and more confident heading into the World

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 Championships in late August. <mask> next competed on 30 July in Budapest at the Hungarian Grand Prix. He ran 9.90 s in his heats and eased through the final to win in 9.86 s, having followed winds of 1.8 m/s and 2.0 m/s respectively, in cold conditions. <mask> was next slated to run the Aviva London Grand Prix, but he pulled out, citing a groin strain. Later in late August, just a couple of days before the start of the World Championships in Daegu, <mask> shocked the world by pulling out of the highly anticipated 100 m as his groin strain was re-aggravated and did not allow him to compete.<mask> expressed great disappoinment but vowed to come back strong for the London Olympics in 2012, but still hoped to run the 4x100 m relay in Daegu. However, he was unfit to run the relay and had to watch his compatriots win gold in a world record time of 37.04 s. <mask> competed in the 100 m at the Diamond League Final in Zurich on 9 September. He looked very impressive in the first 60 m, but faded to second place as newly crowned world champion, Yohan Blake, took victory in 9.82 s. <mask> registered a 9.95 s run, which was impressive given the fact that his injury was still present. By completing the race, the sprinter took the Samsung Diamond Trophy with $40,000 in cash. <mask> ended his season with another injury, almost a repeat of year 2010, where he showed excellent form in the first half of the year but unfortunately suffered injuries. 2012 London Olympics
In a ceremony held on 24 February, <mask> received the University of Technology (UTech) Chancellor's Medal as well as


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texts: Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Award International Ambassador role. He ran a personal best for the 60 metres at the Birmingham Indoor Grand Prix, setting a time of 6.50 seconds.On the 2012 IAAF Diamond League circuit, he was narrowly beaten by Justin Gatlin in Doha (runner-up in 9.88 seconds), then won the 100 m at the Shanghai Golden Grand Prix a week later. On 5 August 2012, <mask> <mask> ran in the final of the 100 m race at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom. After back-to-back 5th-place finishes in Athens and Beijing, 2004 and 2008 respectively, <mask> had his most disastrous final yet when he finished dead last with a time of 11.99 seconds, pulling up after seeing others pulling ahead of him, but it was ultimately due to a persistent groin injury. <mask> said:"It was my old groin injury that reoccurred. I felt it and it started to go. You never want to get injured, but it is a bit of a disaster when it happens in the Olympic final." Usain Bolt took the gold with Yohan Blake getting the silver and Justin Gatlin the bronze.As a result, <mask> along with longtime rival Tyson Gay who finished 4th, remain as two of the three fastest men of all time to never have won any individual Olympic medals of any type. After the race, Jamaica's track and field manager Ludlow Watts lavished praise on <mask> actually started this great change in our sprinting, and he's still a champion. Following the race, <mask> had an ultrasound showing new tears in his adductor muscles as well as scar tissue in a previous injury. The groin injury appears to be season-ending as

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 manager Paul Doyle believes he will miss the remainder of the year. "I don't think it looks good for the rest of the season for Asafa," he lamented. <mask> was not able to compete for Jamaica in the men's 4 × 100 m relay on 10 August. <mask> released an apparel and accessories line branded "Sub 10 King" and many others, also opening up his personal website www.iamasafa.com for people's viewing and a platform to purchase his products.2013-14 Suspension & Appeal

On 14 July 2013 <mask> announced he had had tested positive for the banned drug oxilofrine in 2013 and withdrew from the 2013 World Athletics Championships as a result, but maintained that he did not take any banned supplements knowingly or willfully. <mask> and fellow Jamaican Sprinter, Sherone Simpson had taken the supplement Ephiphany D1 as part of their training regimen, not knowing it contained oxilofrine. It was later revealed that Acacia was substituted with oxilofrine, and not revealed by the manufacturer. The duo sued the company that sold the supplement, Dynamic Life Nutrition (DLN), in order to clear their names. Both <mask> and Simpson reached an out of court settlement for an undisclosed amount in September 2015. After the settlement, Simpson released a statement stating: "Both Asafa and I are happy that we were able to settle this out of court." In April 2014, the Jamaica Anti-Doping Commission suspended him for 18 months over doping charges, expiring in December that year.However, after he and Simpson appealed to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), the suspensions were reduced to the 6 months


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 already served as CAS accepted the explanation that the offense was minor and due to contamination of the Epiphany D1 supplement. 2016 Rio Olympics
On 19 August 2016, <mask> made a triumphant Olympic return, competing as part of the Jamaican 4 × 100 m men's relay team and winning a gold medal. After Jamaican team gold medal in 2008 Olympics were stripped, this medal win will be his only gold medal at Olympic Games. Physiology and running style
Despite <mask>'s size ( tall, weighing ), he has fast initial acceleration. In the Japanese sports Science institute in 2008, <mask> <mask> was measured to have a small cross sectional area of his quadriceps tendon stretched with 114 kilograms of pull force, compared to sprinter Nobuharu Asahara's measurement of 59 kilograms, and the average mans as being 43 kilograms. <mask> was also noted as having a large Psoas major muscle in the Japanese sports science institute. Coupled with comparatively high stiffness in his ligaments and tendons, his long legs provide a long stride of 2.6 metres with rapid progression between each stride.Personal life
<mask> is deeply religious, citing his mother and father and his strict upbringing as the reason for this. In 2002, tragedy struck the <mask> family when one of <mask>'s brothers, <mask>, was shot dead in a taxi in New York. This emotional event happened the week of the Jamaica National Trials. In 2003, Asafa lost another brother during the week of the Jamaica National Championships. One year after the death of Michael, <mask> suffered a heart attack while playing a game of American football.

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Vaughn Powell


title: Asafa Powell

texts:
 In April 2007, Corey Reid, an uncle of <mask>, was stabbed in Waterloo, Ewarton, St. Catherine. He later died in hospital.<mask> married Canadian model Alyshia Miller in 2019. <mask> is known to be occasionally shy but nonetheless good-natured and somewhat of a joker. He is good friends with compatriot, 100 and 200-metre world record holder Usain Bolt. The two are often seen joking around and do meet off the track. <mask> is an avid car enthusiast. Sponsorship
<mask> has been under contract with Nike since 2004, representing them in all his IAAF races, and agreed to appear in various advertising campaigns for the company. Nike designed and built the Zoom Aerofly shoes for him, which were used at the 2008 Beijing Games.However, <mask> ended his contract with Nike in mid-2010, and signed up with leading Chinese sports brand Li Ning. He has signed with Puma in 2015. GlaxoSmithKline, through its energy drink Lucozade, has sponsored <mask> since he first broke the 100 m World Record in 2005. They honoured his Beijing achievements in a small function in October 2008. In January 2006, <mask> signed as a global brand spokesperson for Nutrilite. Nutrilite products are sold through the Amway corporation. On 14 January 2009 Amway's Team Nutrilite ended the sponsorship agreement with <mask>.Accomplishments and major competition results

Personal bests

Competition record
60 metres

100 metres

200 metres

4×100 metres relay

Miscellaneous accomplishment

Sub-10.0 runs, Season (100 m)
<mask> was the first man to have run legally under 10.00 seconds 15 times in a single season (2008).


title: Asafa Powell

texts:
 IAAF World Athletics Tour wins
<mask> has recorded a total of 35 wins in IAAF Grand Prix events, 14 coming in Golden League events and 12 in IAAF Super Grand Prix events. In the seven-year history of the IAAF World Athletics Final (2003–2009), <mask> won the most competitions of any male athlete and took home the most prize money in the male events. In his seven appearances at the competition, he won the 100 m four times and 200 m once, winning US$173,000 in

masks: Powell Powell


title: Samani Pulepule

texts: <mask> (13 October 1923 – 4 June 2013), formally His Eminence and Most Reverend, Chief Apostle Dr. <mask>le was a Samoan minister from the early 1950s in the Assemblies of God movement. Dr Pulepule was also the Chief Apostle of the Samoan Assemblies of God in New Zealand for over 40 years and was elected as the World Chairman of the Samoan Assemblies of God International. Also the Tokelauan Assemblies of God and Tuvaluan Assemblies of God came under his leadership. He was the senior pastor for the Grey Lynn Samoan Assemblies of God congregation in Auckland. It was one of the fastest growing and largest Samoan congregations in the world. Pulepule also planted over 100 churches throughout New Zealand, and was a leading force in the establishment of the Samoan Assemblies of God around the world where Samoan communities were present. In Australia he planted over 60 Samoan Assemblies of God Congregations.He was heavily involved in mission work, especially in Samoa and American Samoa where almost 200 congregations make up the District Council of the Assemblies of God in Samoa. His leadership reached mainland USA which currently has over 90 Samoan congregations mainly in states along the west coast. Pulepule also administered the establishment of the Samoan Assemblies of God in Hawaii and Alaska where together over 50 congregations thrive. In the 1990s Pulepule assisted in the establishing of the Samoan Assemblies of God in England and Germany. The World Tongan Assemblies of God fellowship began when the Tongan leaders sought assistance from Pulepule who helped establish a worldwide movement. In 2005 the New Zealand Samoan movement he led went through a phase

masks:
Samani Pulepule
Samani Pulepu


title: Samani Pulepule

texts:
 of division where 40 churches stayed under the Assemblies of God in New Zealand umbrella, and 45 churches left and became an autonomous fellowship under his direction. Since 2005 the church under his direction has grown from 45 to over 80 at this present time, and the church continues to grow and is still known to be the fastest growing Pentecostal movement in New Zealand.On 25 September 2011, Pulepule officially resigned from all his posts of chief apostle, general superintendent and world chairman in the Samoan Assemblies of God movement. In attendance were the former general superintendents of the Assemblies of God in New Zealand, Assemblies of God leaders around the world, the mayor of Auckland, the Auckland City Council and Members of Parliament as well as leaders of all the other Pentecostal denominations who all paid tribute to Pulepule and the First Lady. Since the beginning of the Samoan Assemblies of God in New Zealand, the church group have rejected many traditional Samoan cultural practices. Pulepule was known as one of the eldest serving pastors in the Southern Hemisphere. His wife, First Lady Sapapali'i Pulepule, died on 21 May 2013. Pulepule died two weeks later on 4 June 2013. Thousands attended both memorial services for two great pioneers in the Assemblies of God movement.The New Zealand Government also presented gifts, and the national flag of New Zealand was draped over their coffins. Early life and history
Pulepule was born on October 13, 1923, in the village of Solosolo, Samoa (formerly Western Samoa) to Tupolesava <mask> Matu'u II and Aimama Tuala Tagaloa of Saluafata who were members of the L.M.S. in Solosolo. He has 9 siblings


title: Samani Pulepule

texts:
 and is the second eldest child. He became a teacher at Avele College, and later met his wife Sapapali'i, both were members of the CCCS (Congregational Christian Church of Samoa or L.M.S.). By then the Assemblies of God from American Samoa had already begun missions in the Samoan islands. In 1963, Makisua and Mauosamoa Fatialofa were holding revival meetings in Lotopa.It was at these meetings that <mask> and Sapapalii were saved. Barry Smith, a school teacher at that time who worked with <mask> at Samoa College, had brought them to the meetings, and it was from that day on, Pulepule decided to devote the rest of his life to the church and its purposes. (Pentecost to the uttermost: History of the Assemblies of God: Dr. Tavita Pagaialii, Pg.53)

In 1965 he was appointed to lead Faleasi'u Assembly of God (the first Assemblies of God church in Samoa). In 1967 he moved to New Zealand. In New Zealand, there were already a few Samoan Pentecostal churches, the first one starting in Wellington by the late Fred Ama. Pulepule and his wife planted a church in the Grey Lynn area in Auckland, and the church grew rapidly, having to extend their church more than 5 times just to cater to the 500 plus strong congregation. In 1967, Grey Lynn Samoan A/G was the first ethnic church to align with the Assemblies of God in New Zealand.The 20 or so Samoan Pentecostal churches thought their church would become more effective if they all came together, and at that time these Pentecostal churches had united and officially became the Samoan Assemblies of God in New Zealand under the leadership of Pulepule, there he was elected as the Superintendent of the Samoan movement in New

masks: Samani Samani


title: Samani Pulepule

texts:
 Meetings in Wellington, and recently resigned from this post in September 2011. He was also elected as Chairman of the Worldwide Fellowship following the death of Pastor Max Haleck, Jr. in 2006. From 2006 and 2011 Pulepule held the post of World Chairman, until he resigned in September 2011. Succeeding him on this role is his son, Onesemo <mask>, who was called into office at the resignation of his father.Cultural reformation
In an interview with ABC Australia presenter Geraldine Coutts, New Zealand MP William Sio said that Dr. Pulepule  had genuine concern for the people he led. In a question asked by Coutts mentioning the way the church went about things with traditional Samoan practices and the pioneering role he had had in the change, she asked about the practices in particular were rejected. Sio replied that in the case of weddings and funerals etc., it was the exchange of fine mats. And often money and food which puts a burden on the extended family. He found that even though the practice still exists, it has been somewhat modified without the extravagance they were accustomed to and making it more in line with what the communities could afford. This played a key role in the church's rapid growth. People were drawn to his genuine concern for their wellbeing spiritually and physically.His message to the worldwide fellowship was received with a rousing support. Dr. Pulepule will be remembered because he was simply a servant. The Samoan congregations will never forget the time where the Te Puke Samoan A/G church were preparing to bless their new church when a few members of the church were in a fatal car accident, a father and two sons died leaving a


title: Friedrich Spee

texts:
<mask> (also <mask>nfeld; February 25, 1591 – August 7, 1635) was a German Jesuit priest, professor, and poet, most well-known as a forceful opponent of witch trials and one who was an insider writing from the epicenter of the European witch-phobia. Spee argued strongly against the use of torture, and as an eyewitness he gathered a book full of details regarding its cruelty and unreliability. He wrote, "Torture has the power to create witches where none exist." Life

Spee was born at Kaiserswerth on the Rhine. On finishing his early education at Cologne, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1610, and pursued extensive studies and activity as a teacher at Trier, Fulda, Würzburg, Speyer, Worms and Mainz, where he was ordained a Catholic priest in 1622. He became professor at the University of Paderborn in 1624. From 1626 he taught at Speyer, Wesel, Trier and Cologne, and preached at Paderborn, Cologne and Hildesheim.An attempt to assassinate Spee was made at Peine in 1629. He resumed his activity as professor and priest at Paderborn and later at Cologne, and in 1633 removed to Trier. During the storming of the city by the imperial forces in March 1635 (in the Thirty Years' War), he distinguished himself in the care of the suffering, and died soon afterwards of a plague infection contracted while ministering to wounded soldiers in a hospital. His name is often incorrectly cited as "<mask> <mask>". Publications

Spee's literary activity was largely confined to the last years of his life, the details of which are relatively obscure. Two of his works were not published until after his death: Goldenes Tugendbuch (Golden Book of Virtues), a book of devotion highly prized by Leibniz, and Trutznachtigall (Rivaling the Nightingale), a collection of fifty to sixty sacred

masks:
Friedrich Spee
Friedrich Spee von Lange
Friedrich von
Spee


title: Friedrich Spee

texts:
 within the 17th century, a number of new editions and translations had appeared. Among the members of Spee's Jesuit order, his treatise found a favorable reception.Philipp van Limborch was a Dutch Protestant but his influential History of the Inquisition (1692) refers favorably to the work of the Jesuit Spee. Limborch was close with the Englishman John Locke as the two pushed for religious toleration. Hymns

Spee wrote the lyrics and tunes of dozens of hymns, and is still the most heavily attributed author in German Catholic hymnals today. Although an anonymous hymnist during his lifetime, today he is credited with several popular works including the Advent song "O Heiland, reiß die Himmel auf", the Christmas carols "Vom Himmel hoch, o Engel, kommt" and "", and the Easter hymn "Lasst uns erfreuen" widely used with the 20th-century English texts "Ye Watchers and Ye Holy Ones" and "All Creatures of Our God and King". See also
Other prominent contemporary critics of witch hunts:

Gianfrancesco Ponzinibio (fl. 1520)
Johannes Wier (1515–1588)
Reginald Scot (1538–1599)
Cornelius Loos (1546–1595)
Anton Praetorius (1560–1613)
Alonso Salazar y Frias (1564–1636)
Balthasar Bekker (1634–1698)
Robert Calef (1648–1719)
Francis Hutchinson (1660–1739)
Christian Thomasius (1655-1728)
Árni Magnússon (1633–1730)

References

Further reading

Cautio Criminalis, 2nd Edition, 1632

 Frank Sobiech: Jesuit Prison Ministry in the Witch Trials of the Holy Roman Empire. <mask> SJ and his Cautio Criminalis (1631), (Bibliotheca Instituti Historici Societatis Iesu, 80).Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu, Rome 2019, . 1591 births
1635 deaths
Critics of witch hunting
Demonologists
German Catholic poets
17th-century German Jesuits
German male poets
17th-century Jesuits
Witchcraft in


title: Birgitte Thott

texts:
<mask>Bridget<mask> (17 June 1610 – 8 April 1662) was a Danish writer, scholar and feminist, known for her learning. She was fluent and literate in Latin (her main area of study) along with many other languages. She translated many published works into Danish, including a 1,000-page translation of Latin moral philosopher Seneca. Life
Birgitte was born in 1610 to the nobleman <mask> and Sophie Below in Turebygård. She was the sister of <mask> (1606–1676). Thott lost her father at only 6 years old. Her mother was a learned woman and educated her in language and literature.Being educated by learned parents was the only real way for young girls to receive any sort of education in Denmark at the time. Thott married Otto Giøe in 1632 at the age of twenty two, but he died ten years later due to illness surrounding a gunshot wound. The two did not have any children. Despite not having any biological children of her own, <mask> <mask> was responsible for fostering two children that we know of: Elisabeth and Sophie. Career

She is most famous for her translation of moral philosopher Seneca’s Philologus in 1658 from Latin to Danish. The enormous undertaking of the Seneca translation ended up being 1,000 pages. This translation was the first of its kind, and introduced a new cultural and religious conversation to the Danish audience.The translation also introduced new words into the Danish language. Though being proficient in Latin, <mask> <mask> did not write any Latin of her own, rather, she focused on translating. "Contemporary sources report that she before her death mastered Danish, German, Dutch, English, French, Italian, Spanish, Latin, Greek and Hebrew, of which her knowledge of German, English, French and Latin can be confirmed

masks:
Birgitte (
) Thott
Christen Thott
Henrik Thott
Birgitte
Thott
Birgitte
Thott


title: Birgitte Thott

texts:
 through preserved translations from her hand." She resumed and recommitted to her studies after her husband's death. In 1660, <mask> <mask> was given permission by the King to receive an annual grant from the Soro Academy to pursue her studies, expand her library, and research language. This was achieved with the assistance of Jørgen Rosenkrantz. Thott was part of a rather small European network of approximately 100–150 learned women including Christina Queen of Sweden, Marie le Jars du Gournay (in France), Bathsua Makin (in England) and Dorothea Moore (in Ireland), and Anna Maria van Schurman.She became a well respected woman in the Danish scholarly community, despite not having a public "profession". She was one of the first defenders of women's rights in Scandinavia. Tributes
Feminist artist Judy Chicago completed an installation art piece called The Dinner Party in 1979, currently on display at the Brooklyn Museum. There are 39 place settings around a table for 39 significant mythological and historical women. The porcelain tile floor; the Heritage floor, is inscribed in gold with 999 additionally notable women. <mask> <mask> is included among these women under the name <mask>. In translating Seneca, Thott praised the Romans for asserting that women, as well as men, should be honored and praised for their life accomplishments in funeral orations.In this vein, Professor Jørgen Rosenkrantz wrote Birgitte Thott a funeral address which has been preserved. It tells of her life and many achievements. Quote from Rozenkrantz’ funeral orations:So, at thirty-one years of age, guided by eminent teachers, she embarked upon learning the Latin language, which today is studied far and wide by scholars, and the result was so good that

masks:
Birgitte
Thott
Birgitte
Thott
Bridget Thott


title: Birgitte Thott

texts:
 she could very soon express whatsoever thought she so wished in that language. In order to acquire the innermost meaning of the Holy Scripture she later worked – not without yield and exceptional progress – with the Hebrew language, which is the language employed by God to impart His Word to the patriarchs and the prophets, and in which the canonical writings of the Old Testament were originally rendered. She was perfectly aware that water has one taste at its source and another down the river.Anna Maria van Shurman wrote one of twelve introductory poems for Thott’s translation of Seneca’s Philologus in which she referred to Birgitte as the tenth muse, which was a praise-worthy term for learned women at the time. Unpublished achievements
Birgitte <mask> also wrote a personal manuscript or "treatise" of two hundred pages titled Om et lyksaligt liv (On a Happy Life). In this, she asserts that even if women are not exposed to learning other languages, they should have access to literary works from other cultures via translation.This was the driving force behind her life's work. Quotes from On a Happy Life:

On young girls not being encouraged to have an education: No one whets their appetite to the sweetness found there. No one tells them what delicious food there is for the soul, what effective remedy against all their frailties it is to have a little understanding of bad and good. There are many, and this I have heard often, who would rather impress upon young maidens that poring over books will make them objects of derision.On education for young boys:But young male children are treated completely differently. They are enticed into study by the reward and honour they are told they can thereby attain; [...] they are impelled


title: Birgitte Thott

texts:
 to attend school by their parents or guardians whether they like it or not. There are so many learned men who sweat and toil to educate and teach them [...] neither exertion nor expense is spared at the institutions of education [...] in order to lead the students onwards. See also
 Anne Margrethe Bredal
 Anne Margrethe Qvitzow

Footnotes

Bibliography
 Alenius, Marianne."<mask>, <mask>." The History of Nordic Women's Literature. Accessed May 11, 2016. http://nordicwomensliterature.net/writer/thott-birgitte. Alenius, Marianne. "With One Foot in the Grave I Should Continue to Read." The History of Nordic Women's Literature. 2012.Accessed May 10, 2016. http://nordicwomensliterature.net/article/one-foot-grave-i-should-continue-read. Bech, Svend Cedergreen, Povl Engelstoft, Svend Dahl, and Carl Frederik Bricka. Dansk Biografisk Leksikon. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. København: Gyldendal, 1979.Beek, Pieta Van, and Anna-Mart Bonthuys. The First Female University Student: Anna Maria Van Schurman (1636). Utrecht: Igitur, 2010. Too, Yun Lee., and Niall Livingstone. Pedagogy and Power: Rhetorics of Classical Learning. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2007. Further reading
 Rafky, Isabella."Judy Chicago's "The Dinner Party"" THINGS MAGAZINE. March 18, 2016. Accessed May 11, 2016. http://www.thingsmag.us/2016/03/judy-chicagos-dinner-party.html. Stevenson, Jane. "Women Writers' Network." In Brill's Encyclopaedia of the Neo-Latin World, edited by Phillip Ford, Jan Bloemendal, and Charles E. Fantazzi. Vol.2. Brill Publishing, 2014. 1610 births
1662 deaths
17th-century Danish nobility
Danish classical scholars
Danish feminists
17th-century Danish women writers
17th-century Danish writers
Thott family
Latin–Danish translators
17th-century

masks: Thott Birgitte


title: Tom Reiss

texts:
<mask> (born May 5, 1964) is an American author, historian, and journalist. He is the author of three nonfiction books, the latest of which is The Black Count: Glory, Revolution, Betrayal, and the Real Count of Monte Cristo (2012), which received the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. His previous books are Führer-Ex: Memoirs of a Former Neo-Nazi (1996), the first inside exposé of the European neo-Nazi movement; and The Orientalist: Solving the Mystery of a Strange and Dangerous Life (2005), which became an international bestseller. As a journalist, <mask> has written for The New Yorker, The Wall Street Journal, and The New York Times. Early life and education
<mask> was born on May 5, 1964 in New York City, to Jewish parents. He spent his first years of his life in Washington Heights in Manhattan and then in San Antonio and Dallas, Texas, where his father worked as an Air Force neurosurgeon. After that, his family moved to western Massachusetts, and he spent the rest of his childhood and adolescence in New England.He attended the Hotchkiss School and then Harvard College, where he joined the writing and editing staffs of The Harvard Crimson newspaper and The Harvard Advocate magazine, graduating in 1987. In 1989, <mask> returned to Texas to study creative writing at the University of Houston, under the guidance of professor Donald Barthelme. Career
When Barthelme died in summer 1989, <mask> left Texas and traveled to Germany in order to begin researching his family history, and became fascinated by the rapidly changing political and social context in East Germany after the Berlin Wall fell. In order to effectively search documents and communicate with German citizens, he taught himself the German language. <mask> used his German to better understand members of his family, who had escaped Nazi Europe in the 1930s. His maternal

masks:
Tom Reiss
Reiss
Reiss
Reiss
Reiss
Reiss


title: Tom Reiss

texts:
 grandparents had been murdered by the Nazis, after being deported from Paris to Auschwitz, but his mother survived as a hidden child in France during World War II. While in Germany, he also interviewed East German neo-Nazi youth, in an attempt to learn why they were embracing the political and sociological ideals of their ancestors.<mask> was influenced by various jobs he held, such as hospital orderly, bartender, small business entrepreneur, teacher, and, in Japan, rock band member and actor in television commercials and gangster films. Books

Führer-Ex
<mask> co-wrote the English version of Ingo Hasselbach's memoir Führer-Ex: Memoirs of a Former Neo-Nazi, published in 1996 by Random House. The German-language version, titled Die Abrechnung: ein Neonazi steigt aus, had been published in 1993 by Aufbau-Verlag and co-written with Winfried Bonengel, who subsequently co-wrote and directed the 2002 German film adaptation of the story, titled Führer Ex. The memoir was the first inside exposé of the European neo-Nazi movement, told from the perspective of a young East German coming of age in the extremist youth subcultures of the late 1980s and early 1990s. Hasselbach had been the leader of the East German neo-Nazis, and in 1993 had renounced the movement in a spectacular manner. For the English-language version of his memoir, during the summer of 1994 Hasselbach and <mask> stayed in an isolated cabin in Sweden where Hasselbach was in hiding, and <mask> interviewed him for the book. A 21,000-word excerpt of Führer-Ex appeared in The New Yorker magazine under the title "How Nazis Are Made".The Orientalist
In 2005, <mask> published The Orientalist: Solving the Mystery of a Strange and Dangerous Life. In the book <mask> details and analyzes the life of Russian Jewish-born Lev Nussimbaum (1905–1942), who as a teen fled the Bolshevik Revolution with his

masks: Reiss Reiss Reiss Reiss Reiss Reiss


title: Tom Reiss

texts:
 father in 1920. The Nussimbaums sought refuge in several locations, including Constantinople and Paris, and in 1922 ended up in Germany. There, Nussimbaum converted to Islam, disguised himself as a Muslim prince, and became an author, publishing prolifically under his new name "Essad Bey". In part of the early 1930s, Nussimbaum lived in New York City and Hollywood,  but was unable to immigrate to the U.S. and returned to Germany. In 1937, according to <mask>, he published the classic novel Ali and Nino: A Love Story, under the pseudonym "Kurban Said". In 1938 Nussimbaum fled Nazi Germany and went into hiding in Italy, where he died in 1942.<mask> traveled to ten countries to research the book, which details not only Nussimbaum's life, but also extensive local and historical background of the times, and also <mask>'s search to find and piece together Nussimbaum's biographical details. The Orientalist appeared on many "top ten" lists in 2005, and was shortlisted for the 2006 Samuel Johnson Prize for best nonfiction book in the English language. It has been translated into more than 20 languages. The Black Count

<mask>'s 2012 book, The Black Count: Glory, Revolution, Betrayal, and the Real Count of Monte Cristo, won the 2013 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography and the 2013 PEN/Jacqueline Bograd Weld Award for Biography. It is the biography of General Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, the mixed-race son of a French marquis and a Haitian slave, who became a swashbuckling swordsman in Paris and then a military hero of the French Revolutionary Wars, remaining the highest-ranking black military figure in a Western army until Gen. Colin Powell 200 years later. Dumas's rivalry with Napoleon caused him to leave the Egyptian campaign which Napoleon himself had already abandoned, and he was captured by enemy forces in Naples and thrown in a dungeon for two

masks: Reiss Reiss Reiss Reiss


title: Tom Reiss

texts:
 years. By the time he was released, Napoleon had risen to power and reinstated racism and slavery in France and its colonies, leaving Dumas with few recourses.The debilitation from Dumas's long imprisonment led to his early death, but his life inspired his son Alexandre Dumas to write books such as The Count of Monte Cristo and The Three Musketeers. The Christian Science Monitor called the book a "remarkable and almost compulsively researched account" and stated that "the author spent a decade on the case, and it shows." "To tell this tale", wrote The Boston Globe. "<mask> must cover the French Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the rise of Napoleon toward Empire; he does all that with remarkable verve." The Black Count appeared on multiple "best of" lists since its publication in September 2012. The New York Times named it one of the 100 most notable books of 2012, and TIME included it in their list of Top 10 Nonfiction Books of 2012. Amazon.com chose it as one of the "10 Best Books of 2012" in the "Biographies and Memoirs" category.The book was chosen by BBC4 as the "Book of the Week" in November 2012 and was broadcast as a five-part radio series, and NPR listed it as one of the Best 5 Biographies of 2012. The Black Count was also a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award in the biography category, and it was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for "Outstanding Literary Work, Biography/Autobiography". References

External links

 "The Vanishing Fascination of Truly Anonymous Authors" in The Guardian

1964 births
Living people
Hotchkiss School alumni
American non-fiction writers
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners
Jewish American writers
The New Yorker people
American male journalists
Harvard College alumni
The Harvard Crimson people
Harvard Advocate alumni
American male biographers
21st-century American


title: Marc Marzenit

texts:
<mask> (born <mask> on March 27, 1983) is a DJ and music producer from Barcelona, Spain. Career

Early Influences
<mask>'s interest in music began at the young age of nine, making sounds on a small Casio PT1 keyboard that he attempted to plug into his father's Atari 1040ST computer. He also had musical influence from his father, who was working at a record shop in Barcelona during <mask>'s childhood. He obtained his first synthesizer, a Casio HT-6000, when he was eleven. He then took his musical involvement to the classical genre, studying solfège and piano at Conservatori Municipal de Mollerussa. At the age of thirteen, <mask>'s parents bought him an acoustic upright piano. He practiced the piano for seven years but instead of setting out on the path of classical music the young <mask> followed his initial interest in electronic music.His knowledge and training in the classical arts would create a foundation for his success as an artist in this realm of music. Musical Education
<mask> continued to acquire what he needed to make electronic music with a Pentium 200 mHz computer, the Cubase software and a CD player. With these, he played his first gigs as a DJ in small venues around Lleida, Spain when he was 15 years old. In this same year, 1998, <mask> visited the Sónar Festival for the first time, where he enjoyed the sounds of Laurent Garnier, Jay-Jay Johanson, and Jeff Mills. He left Sónar with his first sampler after winning an Akai hardware sampler in the Sonar Pro lottery. The following year, 1999, <mask> decided to expand his knowledge of the Cubase software by enrolling in a course at the University of Lleida, however, he was too young to enroll in the course himself so he signed up under his Mother's name. He also began giving electronic music lessons through various public programs in Lleida.In 2001 he began using the Reason software system by Propellerhead Software. So far

masks:
Marc Marzenit
Marc Martínez
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc


title: Marc Marzenit

texts:
 he had not released any tracks, but was spending his time educating himself on equipment, sound and technique. The following year, at the age of 19, <mask> purchased his first laptop, an iBook G3 and played his first live set in Mollerussa, Spain. In 2003 <mask> moved back to Barcelona, where he studied for three years to obtain a bachelor's degree in Audio Engineering. While studying, he was also working as a sound engineer for the Teatre L'Amistat, the public theater in Mollerussa and continued teaching music production in the city of Lleida. His professional involvement allowed him to work in different musical themes in television and radio ads as well as several audio-visual projects. Building A Career
<mask>'s gigs became more consistent as he started playing at Club Zoreks about every two months.There he met other artists such as David Carreta, Funk D’void and Alex Under. On December 25, 2005, <mask>'s career took a turn when he played at club Florida 135, his biggest performance as a DJ thus far. The night was considered a success as it drew a large crowd and <mask> was soon after taken on by an international booking manager, Fran Balsa. Shortly after his performance at Florida 135, in April 2006, <mask> made his first international trip to play a set at the clubs Zurmöbelfabrik and Pulp Mansion in Berlin, Germany. While in Berlin, <mask> also met Xema Belmonte, Sergio Rodrigo, and Jordi Sansa, with whom he would soon form the music label Paradigma Musik. 2
 2007: Trozitos de Navidad Primavera Remix (Songbird) Tiësto - In Search Of Sunrise 6: Ibiza
 2007: Spheere (Renaissance) John Digweed - Transitions Vol. (Paradigma Musik)
 2008: Vancouver (<mask>zenit Remix) – Henry Saiz (Catalan!Personal interview. <mask>it Bio. (2011). Retrieved May 29, 2011, from http://www.marcmarzenit.com/biografia.html

Spanish DJs
Club DJs
Living people
Remixers
1983 births
Electronic dance music

masks:
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc
Marc Mar
Marc Marzen


title: Eliza Acton

texts: <mask> (17 April 1799 – 13 February 1859) was an English food writer and poet who produced one of Britain's first cookery books aimed at the domestic reader, Modern Cookery for Private Families. The book introduced the now-universal practice of listing ingredients and giving suggested cooking times for each recipe. It included the first recipes in English for Brussels sprouts and for spaghetti. It also contains the first recipe for what <mask> called "Christmas pudding"; the dish was normally called plum pudding, recipes for which had appeared previously, although <mask> was the first to put the name and recipe together. <mask> was born in 1799 in Sussex. She was raised in Suffolk where she ran a girls' boarding school before spending time in France. On her return to England in 1826 she published a collection of poetry and released her cookery book in 1845, aimed at middle class families.Written in an engaging prose, the book was well received by reviewers. It was reprinted within the year and several editions followed until 1918, when Longman, the book's publisher, took the decision not to reprint. In 1857 <mask> published The English Bread-Book for Domestic Use, a more academic and studious work than Modern Cookery. The work consisted of a history of bread-making in England, a study of European methods of baking and numerous recipes. In the later years of its publication, Modern Cookery was eclipsed by the success of Isabella Beeton's bestselling Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management (1861), which included several recipes plagiarised from <mask>'s work. Although Modern

masks:
Eliza Acton
Acton
Acton
Acton
Acton
Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts:
 Cookery was not reprinted in full until 1994, the book has been admired by English cooks in the second part of the 20th century, and influenced many of them, including <mask>, Jane Grigson, Delia Smith and Rick Stein. Biography

Early life

<mask> was born on 17 April 1799 in Battle, Sussex, and was baptised at her local parish church on 5 June.She was the eldest of six sisters and three brothers born to <mask>, a brewer, and his wife <mask>,  Mercer. By 1800 the family had moved to Ipswich, Suffolk, where they lived in a house adjoining the St. Peter's Brewery, where John took employment running Trotman, Halliday & Studd, the company that owned the brewery. In 1811 Trotman died, and John was offered the opportunity to become the junior partner in the firm; he accepted and the business was renamed Studd, Halliday and Acton. Sheila Hardy, in her biography of <mask>, considers it likely that John would have borrowed heavily to buy himself into the business. In 1817 <mask>, with a Miss Nicolson—about whom no further information is known—opened a "boarding school for young ladies" in Claydon, just outside Ipswich. In 1819 Acton left the school and opened another in September with her sisters, this time at nearby Great Bealings; the school moved  to Woodbridge in 1822 and had probably closed by 1825. Early in her life Acton spent some time in France—either in Paris or the south of the country—but it is not known when she left England; Hardy considers it likely that she travelled in 1823.The food historian <mask>, writing in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, states that

masks:
Elizabeth David
Eliza Acton
John Acton
Elizabeth
Eliza
Acton
Elizabeth Ray


title: Eliza Acton

texts:
 Acton travelled abroad for the good of her health, because she had a weak constitution. It is possible that she was pregnant when she left for Paris and that she went abroad to give birth to an illegitimate daughter. The food writers Mary Aylett and Olive Ordish theorise that <mask>'s child was raised by Sarah, <mask>'s sister. The two observe that "there is no evidence for this, other than family tradition". Hardy dismisses the theory, stating that Acton did not have a sister called Sarah, let alone one who was married (none of <mask>'s sisters were married); she also observes that she has found no baptismal or census record that would account for a child of the right age. While in France Acton had an unhappy relationship with a French army officer; it is possible there was an engagement, but if so it was broken off. She returned to England, probably in 1826.Poet

<mask> had been writing poetry since at least 1822, as she wrote that year on the bottom of one of her poems. She wrote at least one while in France, "On Approaching Paris", which she dated 1826. When she returned to England, she arranged for a collection to be published by Longman. As was the practice for publishers at the time, <mask> had to provide the names of subscribers—those who had pre-paid for a copy—who were listed inside the work; nearly all came from Suffolk. 328 copies were printed in October 1826 and a reprint was needed within a month. She subsequently wrote some longer poems, including "The Chronicles of Castel Framlingham", which was printed in the Sudbury Chronicle in 1838, and "The Voice of the

masks: Acton Eliza Acton Acton Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts:
 North", which was written in 1842 on the occasion of Queen Victoria's first visit to Scotland. Other poems were published in a local periodical, the Sudbury Pocket Book.In 1827 <mask> was declared bankrupt, and the company in which he was a partner was dissolved; one of his business partners was involved in the claim against him. The Commissioner of Bankruptcy ordered John to surrender himself to the Office of the Commissioners to disclose his wealth, but he fled to France. In his absence his family moved into Bordyke House, near Tonbridge, Kent, where <mask>, <mask>'s mother, turned the large building into a boarding house for upper class guests, particularly for those who wanted to visit Royal Tunbridge Wells and enjoy the spa facilities there. It is likely that <mask> left Bordyke House around 1841, although her daughter remained in residence. Cookery writer

At some point—Hardy considers 1835; Aylett and Ordish consider 1837—Acton sent a further set of poems to Longman for publishing. The company reportedly declined the poems, and suggested that she write a cookery book instead; Hardy considers the story apocryphal. By her own account, Acton took ten years to develop her cookery book, which was published in January 1845 under the title Modern Cookery in all its Branches.The work was aimed at the English middle classes; in the preface she wrote:

The details of domestic economy, in particular, are no longer sneered at as beneath the attention of the educated and accomplished; and the truly refined, intelligent, and high-minded women of England have ceased, in these days

masks:
John Acton
Elizabeth Acton
Eliza
Elizabeth


title: Eliza Acton

texts: of comparative good sense, to consider their acquaintance with such details as inconsistent with their dignity or injurious to their attractions. Modern Cookery consists of mainly English recipes, although <mask> labelled several of them "French". A chapter covers curries (and potted meats), and gives recipes for Eastern "chatneys" (chutney), treating them as a naturalised Anglo-Indian dish, rather than of solely Indian origin, according to the professor of English literature Susan Zlotnick. The book contains the first recipe for brussels sprouts, and the first use in an English cookery book of the word spaghetti—which she spelled . It also contains the first recipe for what Acton called "Christmas pudding"; the dish was normally called plum pudding, recipes for which had appeared previously, although <mask> was the first to put the name and recipe together. <mask>'s layout for each recipe was for the description of the cooking process followed by a list of ingredients and the total cooking time required for the preparation of the dish. With the inclusion of timings and ingredients, Modern Cookery differed from other cookery books, and was a development of <mask>'s own.<mask> wrote that each recipe had been cooked and "proved beneath our own roof and under our own personal inspection". The food historian Sarah Freeman describes the cooking instructions Acton produced as being written "so conscientiously, and with such gastronomic sensitivity, that ... [Modern Cookery] was as much a work of art on food as it was functional". The reviews for Modern Cookery were positive, and

masks: Acton Acton Acton Acton Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts: the critic from The Morning Post considered it "unquestionably the most valuable compendium of the art that has yet been published". The review in The Spectator stated that the order of the book was "very natural", while "the methods are clearly described, and seem founded on chemical principles"; the reviewer for the Kentish Gazette also commended the clarity of the instructions, and the inclusion of ingredients and timings. The unnamed critic for The Atlas described the layout for the recipes to be "excellent" and, in a positive review in The Exeter and Plymouth Gazette, praise was given to "the intelligibility of the instructions which are given", which contrasted with other cookery books. A second edition of Modern Cookery was released in May 1845, containing corrections and updates; Longmans also released this version in the US, through the Philadelphia company of Lea & Blanchard. The book sold well, and in June 1845 Longmans sent <mask> £67 11s 2d as her share of the profits.In subsequent years she earned £162 in 1846 and £189 in 1847, when she was being paid half the profits; in 1849 she dropped to quarter of the profits and received £83. Some time after Modern Cookery was published, <mask> moved from Tonbridge to Hampstead, north west London. She became the cookery correspondent for the weekly magazines The Ladies' Companion and Household Words, and began writing research for a book on nourishment for the ill, Invalid Cookery. She interrupted her research to write a new edition of Modern Cookery. This was published in 1855, and renamed as Modern Cookery for Private

masks: Acton Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts: Families, the name by which it is best known. This version contains an additional chapter named "Foreign and Jewish Cookery"; the Jewish recipes are from Ashkenazi cuisine. Such was the success of <mask>'s first editions of the book, it was increasingly copied by other cookery writers.In the preface to the 1855 edition, <mask> wrote of "the unscrupulous manner in which large portions of my volume have been appropriated by contemporary authors, without the slightest acknowledgement of the source from which they have been derived". She was in increasingly poor health during the 1850s and wrote in her preface that she was "suffering at present too severe a penalty for ... over-exertion"; this toil, she continued, was "so completely at variance with all the previous habits of my life, and ... so injurious in its effects". <mask> had been disappointed that she had not been able to add as much information into the 1855 edition about bread-making as she wanted to, but decided, despite her health, that she would take on the subject in a new work, The English Bread-Book for Domestic Use. Published in May 1857, this was not a recipe book along the same lines as Modern Cookery, but is described by Hardy as "a serious, scientific study ... much darker in tone than her previous work". It consists of a history of bread-making in England, improvements made to the bread-making process in Europe, an examination of the ingredients used and recipes of different types of bread. Acton also included information about the adulteration of bread by flour millers and bakers of the time, which

masks: Acton Acton Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts:
 included the addition of alum and what she called "other deleterious substances". The food writer <mask> observes that the book was less successful than Modern Cookery, and was not reprinted until 1990.<mask>, who suffered from poor health for much of her life, died at home on 13 February 1859, at the age of 59. She was buried four days later at St John-at-Hampstead church, London. Books

Poems

Lee Christine O'Brien, in her examination of 19th-century women's poetry, considers that Acton "participated in a poetic field the richness of which eclipsed her own output". O'Brien sees humour and humanity in some of <mask>'s poetry. Aylett and Ordish class <mask>'s poetry as being written in a romantic style; they consider the work to be "accomplished rather than inspired", although it is also "derivative and often banal" and clichéd. Hardy identifies themes repeated through Acton's poems of the praise of nature and a pleasure in twilight; most of them were on the theme of unrequited love and several may relate to her feelings towards her possible former fiancée. Hardy also sees in the poems an "almost masculine intensity and depth of feeling".O'Brien sees humour in some of <mask>'s poetry, and cites "Come To My Grave"—a work about "a mildly acerbic and witty potential revenant, musing on revenge"—as a parody of a love lyric with Gothic romantic overtones. Come to my grave when I am gone,
And bend a moment there alone;
It will not cost thee much of pain
To trample on my heart again–
Or, if it would, for ever stay
Far distant from my mouldering clay:
I would not wound thy breast to

masks:
Elizabeth Ray
Acton
Acton
Acton
Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts:
 prove
E'en its most deep, 'remorse of love.' The grave should be a shrine of peace
Where all unkindly feelings cease;–
Though thou wilt calmly gaze on mine
I would not live the hour to see,
Which doom'd my glance to rest on thine:–
That moment's bitter agony
Would bid the very life-blood start
Back, and congeal around my heart!–

Cookery

O'Brien sees that, through the high quality of <mask>'s prose, Modern Cookery is a unique cultural document. As the food writer <mask> writes,

[<mask>'s] ... book was the final expression ... of pre-Industrial England's taste in food and attitude to cookery. The dishes she describes and the ingredients which went into them would have been familiar to Jane Austen and Lord Byron, to Fanny Burney and Tobias Smollett. Many of the dishes <mask> describes belong, according to David, to the 18th century and, with increasing industrialisation and urbanisation of the 19th century, the staple foods described were already being replaced. David cites the example of Bird's Custard Powder, launched in 1840, as an example of the radical changes being introduced to cooking.<mask> adopted some of the changes in food science into the 1855 re-write of the book, including the developments of Justus von Liebig—the developer of the Oxo brand beef stock cube—and William Gregory, Liebig's pupil and translator. <mask>, in her preface to Modern Cookery, writes that her "first and best attention has been bestowed on ... what are usually termed plain English dishes" for her recipes, and Christopher Driver, the journalist and food critic, considers the book "as

masks:
Acton
Elizabeth David
Acton
Acton
Acton
Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts: English as ... [its] eighteenth-century predecessors". <mask> observes that while Acton "is basically a very English cook", many of the recipes are labelled as French dishes, and foreign food is given its own chapter. These are recipes from the cuisines of Indian, Syria, Turkey, Italy, Germany, Portugal, Mauritius, Switzerland and the West Indies. Acton was willing to learn from foreign food cultures, and wrote "Without adopting blindly foreign modes in anything merely because they are foreign, surely we should be wise to learn from other nations". Similarly, The English Bread Book was focused on British bread and, in her preface, Acton wrote "Bread is a first necessity of life to the great mass of the English people; being in part the food of all—the chief food of many—and almost the sole food of many more." She devotes a whole chapter to the approach to bread and bread-making in France, Germany and Belgium, and the book contains recipes for German pumpernickel, French baguettes, Italian polenta bread, Turkish rolls and Indian breads.The food historian Bob Ashley identifies that the strongest theme in Modern Cookery is economy in food, although this is also tempered by <mask>'s advice to reject dubious ingredients. In her preface to the book, <mask> writes that "It may be safely averred that good cookery is the best and truest economy, turning to full account every wholesome article of food, and converting into palatable meals what the ignorant either render uneatable or throw away in disdain". She provides a recipe for "Elegant Economist's Pudding", which uses left-over

masks:
Elizabeth Ray
Acton
Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts: Christmas pudding; when giving a recipe for "Superlative Hare Soup", she also provides one for "A Less Expensive Hare Soup". The social historian John Burnet observes that although the dishes were supposedly aimed at middle-class families of modest income, the book contains recipes that include truffles in champagne, soles in cream and a pie of venison and hare. The food writer Alan Davidson considers Modern Cookery to be "among the most elegantly written (and practical) cookery books ever published". Nicola Humble, in her book on the history of British cookery books, writes that <mask> provides "the quirky, confident perspective of the expert" in text that is "alive with adjectives and opinions ... the prose enthuses and evokes". In 1968 <mask> wrote that <mask>'s recipes were both illuminating and decisive.Examining a 100-word paragraph in Modern Cookery for instructions on beating egg whites for a sponge cake, David considers it superior to an eight-page piece on the same topic in the 1927 work La bonne cuisine de Madame E. Saint-Ange. There is humour in <mask>'s work, particularly when reporting on a recipe going wrong. Her recipe for Publisher's Pudding, which contains cognac, macaroons, cream and almonds, "can scarcely be made too rich", while the Poor Author's Pudding is made with milk, bread, eggs and sugar, and is a more simple dish. Similarly, in her recipe for Superior Pine-Apple Marmalade, she writes that if the mixture is placed onto a direct heat it "will often convert what would otherwise be excellent preserve, into a strange sort of compound, for which it is

masks:
Acton
Elizabeth David
Acton
Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts:
 difficult to find a name". Legacy

Modern Cookery remained in print until 1918, when its popularity waned in the face of competition from other books and Longmans took the decision not to republish. <mask>'s works remained out of print until 1968 when a selection of her recipes was collected into The Best of <mask>on, edited by <mask> and including an introduction by <mask>. Modern Cookery was not reprinted in full until 1994, although The English Bread Book was reprinted in 1990.In 1857, when Isabella Beeton began writing the cookery column for The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine, many of the recipes were plagiarised from Modern Cookery. In 1861 Isabella's husband, Samuel, published Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, which also contained several of <mask>'s recipes. Isabella Beeton's biographer Kathryn Hughes gives as examples one third of Beeton's soup dishes and a quarter of her fish recipes, which are all taken from Acton. In her works, Isabella Beeton partly followed the new layout of <mask>'s recipes, although with a major alteration: whereas Modern Cookery provides the method of cooking followed by a list of the required ingredients, the recipes in The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine and Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management list the timings and components before the cooking process. The food historian Bee Wilson considers many modern cookery writers to be indebted to <mask> and her work. <mask> wrote in 1977 that The English Bread Book was a major influence on and source for her own English Bread and Yeast Cookery, and that she owes <mask> a debt for

masks:
Acton
Eliza Act
Elizabeth Ray
Elizabeth David
Acton
Acton
Acton
Elizabeth David
Acton


title: Eliza Acton

texts:
 it; David also describes Modern Cookery as "the greatest cookery book in our language". The cook Delia Smith is of a similar opinion, and describes <mask> as "the best cookery writer in the English language".The cookery writer Jane Grigson was influenced by Acton, particularly when she wrote English Food (1974), while the chef Rick Stein included her "Soles Stewed in Cream" in his cookery book Seafood Lovers' Guide (2000). Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 Poems by <mask>on

1799 births
1859 deaths
People from Battle, East Sussex
English chefs
English women poets
English food writers
Victorian women writers
Women food writers
19th-century English poets
People from Ipswich
People from Hampstead
Women cookbook writers
19th-century English women writers
History of British

masks:
Acton
Eliza Act


title: James Sie

texts:
<mask> is a Chinese-American actor and author. He was the voice of an animated Jackie Chan and several other characters in Jackie Chan Adventures, Master Monkey in Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, taking over for Chan, and Eddy Raja in the Uncharted series. His debut novel, Still Life Las Vegas, was published in August 2015. Career
He is known as a "Jackie Chan impersonator" as his voice bears a strong resemblance to Chan especially in the Kids' WB animated television series Jackie Chan Adventures. He also voices Shendu in the same series. He is the voice of Master Monkey for Nickelodeon's Kung Fu Panda: Legends of Awesomeness, replacing Jackie Chan from the movies (Sie voiced Monkey in all of the video games). Other popular roles include Chinese American footballer Kwan in Danny Phantom, Chen Lin in W.I.T.C.H., Fin Fang Foom and Radioactive Man in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance and Eddy Raja in Uncharted: Drake's Fortune, Sie did several voices for Avatar: The Last Airbender, guest-voiced as an Asian scientist named Jimmy in Regular Show and also voices Lord Taran Zhu in World of Warcraft: Mists of Pandaria.He had a brief role as a Buddhist Lama in the 2021 The Simpsons episode "Wad Goals". He starred on-camera, opposite Suzy Nakamura in Strawberry Fields. He also had roles in Chain Reaction. Sie


title: James Sie

texts:
 wrote and performed the autobiographical one-person stage show, Talking With My Hands in 1999, about growing up in a Chinese/Italian household. His play, Island of the Blue Dolphins at the Lifeline Theatre in Chicago, Illinois was awarded the 1995 Joseph Jefferson Award Citation for New Work. <mask> has also garnered two Jeff Citation nominations for his Lifeline adaptations of Dracula and a Wrinkle in Time, which was produced at Lincoln Center Institute in New York. He has received an After Dark Award for The Road to Graceland.His other adaptations include Randy Shilts' Talking AIDS to Death and Daniel Pinkwater's The Snarkout Boys and the Avocado of Death, which was also broadcast on WFMT's "Chicago Theatres on the Air". Personal life
He is openly gay and is married to singer-songwriter Douglas Wood since 2008. They have one child, Benjamin, whom they adopted from Vietnam. Filmography

Film
 Chain Reaction (1996) – Ken Lim
 Strawberry Fields (1997) – Luke
 U.S. Marshals (1998) – Vincent Ling
 Bats (1999) – Sergeant James
 Ghost World (2001) – Steven
 Hero (2002) – Broken Sword (English dub, voice)
 Ice Age: The Meltdown (2006) – Freaky Male (voice)
 Chill Out, Scooby-Doo! (2007) – Pemba
 Back to the Sea (2012) – Cook Liu (voice)
 Secrets of the Furious Five (2008, Short) – Great Master Viper


title: Cristina Peri Rossi

texts:
<mask> (born 12 November 1941) is a Uruguayan novelist, poet, translator, and author of short stories. Considered a leading light of the post-1960s period of prominence of the Latin-American novel, she has written more than 37 works. She has been a pioneer and one of the female authors associated to the Latin American Boom. <mask> lives in Barcelona since 1972, after a civic-military dictatorship was established in Uruguay and censored her works. She has translated into Spanish authors such as Clarice Lispector and Monique Wittig. She has worked for several newspapers and media agencies such as Diario 16, El Periódico and Agencia EFE. <mask> won the Miguel de Cervantes Prize in 2021, the most prestigious literary award in the Spanish-speaking world.Life
She was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, November 12, 1941, but was exiled in 1972 after a civic-military dictatorship was established. She moved to Spain, where she became a citizen in 1975.  she lives in Barcelona, where she continues to write fiction and work as a journalist. She studied at the University of the Republic. Journalism
<mask> <mask> is active as a journalist and political commentator in Barcelona. She is a radio journalist for the public Catalan station Catalunya Radio. She was fired from this position in October 2007 and accused the station of 'linguistic persecution', claiming she was fired for speaking Spanish instead of Catalan. She was later re-instated to her post after an outcry.She is well known for her defense of civil liberties and freedom of expression. She has long supported gay marriage and welcomed Spain's decision to recognize it. In an El Mundo article in March 2006, she spoke out against the rise of religious extremism in Europe,

masks:
Cristina Peri Rossi
Peri Rossi
Peri Rossi
Cristina Peri
Rossi


title: Cristina Peri Rossi

texts:
 and specifically the violence that followed the 'Danish Cartoons Affair'. In the article she expresses her support to the 'Together Facing the New Totalitarianism' Manifesto, which was published in the left-leaning French weekly Charlie Hebdo in March 2006. Literary criticism
She was part of the Latin American Boom, a movement associated with authors such as Gabriel García Márquez, Mario Vargas Llosa, Julio Cortázar and Carlos Fuentes. La nave de los locos (The Ship of Fools) (1984) is generally regarded by critics as <mask> <mask>'s most important work. It is an experimental novel which takes the form of a pastiche of travel writing.The protagonist, Equis, is a misfit who travels to a number of deliberately vague locations. By inviting the reader to see modern society through the eyes of Equis, <mask> <mask> is using the technique of defamiliarisation to produce a biting satire of today's world. This includes a strong dose of feminism: Equis eventually renounces his own sexuality, declaring that there is "harmony in impotence," which can be read as a denouncement of patriarchial and phallogocentric society. More generally, the work shows toleration and arguably even idealisation of sexualities that have been traditionally considered dissident, including gerontophilia and controversially, in the character Morris' love for a ten-year-old boy, pedophilia. The novel exposes the dangers of arbitrary dictatorial government in its inclusion an emotional depiction of a concentration camp in a country which remains unspecified, but which could be based on any of the various Latin American dictatorships of the latter half of the twentieth century. The title of the book is taken from the Ship of Fools legend, which is

masks: Peri Rossi Peri Rossi


title: Cristina Peri Rossi

texts: reworked by <mask> <mask> in the novel itself. The novel shows sympathy for those condemned to the ship of fools and there is a clear parallel between this medieval episode and the modern-day aforementioned concentration camp passage.The themes established in La nave de los locos are ones which <mask> revisits in other works. Her latest novels include Solitario de amor (Solitaire of Love) (1989), La última noche de Dostoievski (Dostoyevsky's Last Night) (1992) and El amor es una droga dura (Love is a hard drug) (1999). All of these novels are formally less experimental than Nave. They deal with male protagonists who, like Equis, gradually explore their sexualities, discovering that they have to renounce traditional gender roles both in sexual behaviour and in the real world to find fulfilment. However, there is little political commentary in these novels. <mask> <mask> has also produced an impressive amount of poetry, again covering many of the ideas outlined above. The lesbian eroticism of Evohé (1971) caused a scandal when first released.In 2004, <mask> <mask> published Por fin solos, a collection of short stories where love is a result of eroticism and frustration. The lovers, whatever their condition or sex, seek a reason in the beloved so that they may feel saved, as is the case in "Náufragos". <mask> <mask> also uses (determinedly) symbols that link with the deterioration of heterosexual relationships, such as the bottle of lye, the scarf, and flowers, among others. <mask> <mask>'s book Estrategias del Deseo, which was also published in 2004, was found so moving and inspiring by Latina lesbian writer Tatiana de la tierra that de la tierra decided to translate the book to English (Strategies of Desire).

masks: Peri Rossi Rossi Peri Rossi Peri Rossi Peri Rossi Peri Rossi


title: Cristina Peri Rossi

texts:
 (English translations of poetry by <mask> <mask>, Gabriela Mistral, and Giannina Braschi).The Best of Review: Celebrating the Americas Society's 40th Anniversary,'' editors Tess O'Dwyer and Doris Sommer, Routledge, Francis & Taylor, London, 2005. (English translation excerpts of Latin American literary classics by <mask> <mask> and her contemporaries Luisa Valenzuela, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Derek Walcott, and Giannina Braschi). References

External links
 Official Web site in Spanish
 Cristinaperirossi.org (Unofficial Web site in English)
 Profile at escritoras.com (Google translation)
 Full text of her short story "Rumors" at WordsWithoutBorders.org

1941 births
Living people
Uruguayan expatriates in Spain
Uruguayan women novelists
Uruguayan novelists
Premio Cervantes winners
20th-century Uruguayan poets
Uruguayan women short story writers
Uruguayan translators
Uruguayan people of Italian descent
Uruguayan women poets
Uruguayan activists
Lesbian writers
LGBT writers from Uruguay
LGBT writers from Spain
20th-century novelists
20th-century translators
20th-century short story writers
20th-century Uruguayan women writers
21st-century Uruguayan women writers
21st-century Uruguayan writers
Portuguese–Spanish translators
Recipients of the Delmira Agustini Medal
21st-century LGBT

masks:
Cristina Peri
Rossi
Cristina Peri
Rossi


title: Silas Papare

texts:
<mask> (18 December 1918 – 7 March 1978) was a Papuan–Indonesian politician and guerilla leader who is a National Hero of Indonesia. Originating from the Yapen Islands, Papare trained and worked as a nurse prior to the Second World War, during which he organized local resistance and gathered intelligence against occupying Japanese forces. While he initially held pro-Dutch views after the war, this shifted after he was not delegated to the Malino Conference and he was influenced by Sam Ratulangi into founding the pro-Indonesian Indonesian Irian Independence Party. Following a failed uprising against the Dutch, he was imprisoned before he left Papua in 1949, only once returning in 1950. He became a legislator between 1954 and 1960 and had participated in the Round Table Conference and the New York Agreement. Papare then began criticizing the Indonesian government's actions in Papua throughout the 1960s and was briefly arrested, though he later returned to the legislative body. He died in 1979, and was made a National Hero in 1993.Early life and education
<mask> Donrai <mask> was born in the town of Serui, in the Yapen Islands, on 18 December 1918, from father <mask> and mother Dorkas <mask>. At the time, Serui was one of the most open parts of Papua to external influences and ideas. He enrolled at the local village school (Volkschool) at the age of nine and graduated in 1930, working at his parents' farm for a year before pursuing further education at a nurse school in Serui starting in 1931. <mask> was among some of the first to be educated in the Dutch civil servant schools in Papua, which were established in 1944. After he completed school in 1935, <mask> worked in Serui for some time before moving to work at the Dutch oil firm NNGPM's company hospital at Sorong in 1936, where he was a head nurse. Due to personnel shortages in Serui, <mask> was reassigned there in 1940.

masks:
Silas Ayari Donrai Papare
Silas Ayari
Papare
Musa Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare
Papare


title: Silas Papare

texts:
 Wartime career
Since 1939, a Koreri movement was started by Angganita Manufandu from Sowak, this movement was formed in opposition to foreign occupation and Christianity which was replacing local religion centering on Biak.When Japanese forces arrived in New Guinea, Angganita was captured which resulted in a second iteration lead by Stefanus Simioparef. Open fighting against the Japanese forces started on 10 October 1942, on Manswan Beach South Biak, which resulted in about 2000 local casualties. This resulted in another Koreri rebellions in Yapen-Waropen, centering in East Yapen. During this time Papare as intelligence operative of NEFIS, made contacts with former Koreri rebels in the jungle. During the Pacific War, Papare became known as a middleman between Allied authorities and Papuans, and he sided with the Allies throughout the conflict. He organized local resistance against Japanese forces around the Cenderawasih Bay area and provided intelligence to allied forces there, particularly after the Battle of Hollandia. According to his diary, on 1 May 1944, an allied plane landed on Nau island, He swam toward it and was given map of American position as well as an American flag, which was important symbol for local cargo cult movement, as well as sign for allied planes of the area.On 1 June 1944, he was entrusted to lead a re-organised local guerilla forces against Japanese forces. He sent three papuans, Otniel <mask>, Abiatur, and Yehuda from Manokwari to allied position in Hollandia to report on Japanese position in Nabire and Manokwari. While <mask> and Eliezer Jan Bonai returned to their base in Nau island awaiting allied forces. Based on Papare reports, allied forces were able to sank Daito Maru, Japanese supply ship heading to Serui. Afterward local forces lead by him were able to take over weapons from Japanese forces. Papare headed back to Nau from Serui in

masks:
Papare
Silas Papare