title: Joe Cornish

texts:
 collaborators, Edgar Wright, Nick Frost and Simon Pegg on the US press tour for their film Hot Fuzz. There have been two cuts of the Fuzzball Rally: a 28-minute version was included on the Hot Fuzz HD DVD (UK/US) and a 71-minute version was included on both the 3-Disc Collectors Edition DVD (US) and the Blu-ray Disc (US/UK) of Fuzz. The documentary caused the latter's certification to be changed from a 15 certificate to an 18 certificate, due to the very strong language the documentary contains. He made a brief appearance in Hot Fuzz as a white suited and bemasked Scenes-of-Crime Officer named "Bob". In 2017, he made a cameo in Star Wars: The Last Jedi alongside Wright, where both played Resistance fighters. In 2006, he was announced as co-writer on a feature film adaptation of the Marvel Comics comic book character Ant-Man, with Shaun of the Dead director Edgar Wright.Both Wright and <mask> received story by and screenplay credit on the finished film, after Wright's departure from the project in 2014. Wright and <mask> also rewrote Steven Moffat's script for The Adventures of Tintin co-starring Simon Pegg, for Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson. In November 2013, <mask> was tipped to be J. J. Abrams' lead choice for director of the upcoming Star Trek Beyond. However, Roberto Orci was ultimately chosen to direct, before leaving the project in late 2014. In December 2020, the popular middle grade thriller series Lockwood & Co. was announced to be going to Netflix, adapted by <mask>. <mask> has continued his work in television comedy, directing parts of the pilot of Modern Toss, and the pilot to Channel 4's Blunder. According to an interview in Word Magazine, he pulled out of directing the series of Blunder due to creative differences with Channel 4 and the production company.In early 2007, he directed the video for Charlotte Hatherley's single "I Want You to Know". Attack the Block
On 13 May 2011, Optimum released Attack the Block, <mask>'s directorial debut, which was executive

masks: Cornish Cornish Cornish Cornish Cornish Cornish


title: Joe Cornish

type: original

texts:
 produced by his friend and collaborator, Edgar Wright, and produced by Film4, Big Talk Pictures, The UK Film Council and StudioCanal. The film is a science fiction action comedy horror film set in South London that pitches a gang of youths against an alien invasion. The film initially had no US distributor, but after the reaction of the press and attendees at the SXSW premiere, the US rights were purchased by Screen Gems for theatrical release on 29 July 2011. The Kid Who Would Be King
<mask>'s second film was the fantasy adventure The Kid Who Would Be King, starring Louis Ashbourne Serkis. Filming took place in Tintagel. The film, also featuring Patrick Stewart and Rebecca Ferguson, was released on 25 January 2019.Future projects
In June 2012, it was announced that <mask> had been signed as director of a future film adaptation of Neal Stephenson's classic 1992 novel Snow Crash for Paramount Pictures. In May 2020, it was announced that <mask> would direct and write the TV series adaptation of Lockwood & Co. for Netflix. In April 2021, it was announced that <mask> would direct and write an adaptation of Starlight for 20th Century Studios. In May 2021, it was announced that <mask> would write, direct, and produce the sequel to Attack the Block. Filmography

Film

Cameo roles

Television

References

External links

 The Tall Guy: The <mask> Interview – Channel 4
 Adam and Joe: How We Met – The Independent
 <mask>, Adam and the Ant-man – The Independent
 Some Groovy Attack the Block Updates – Shaun of the Dead With Aliens? 1968 births
Living people
English male comedians
English film critics
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
English radio personalities
English television personalities
English television presenters
Comedians from London
Film directors from London
Male actors from London
Writers from London
People from Westminster
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Arts University Bournemouth
English male non-fiction writers
People from

masks:
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Cornish
Joe Cornish
Joe


title: Li Chongjun

texts:
<mask> (李重俊) (died 7 August 707), formally Crown Prince Jiemin (節愍太子), was a crown prince of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, during the second reign of his father Emperor Zhongzong. He was made crown prince because the only son of his father's wife Empress Wei, <mask>, had been killed before his father's return to the throne, but on account of his mother's low birth, he was often humiliated by Empress Wei's daughter <mask>'er the Princess Anle and her husband Wu Chongxun (武崇訓). In 707, in anger, he started a coup and killed Wu Chongxun and his father Wu Sansi the Prince of Dejing, but his subsequent attempt to arrest Empress Wei, <mask>'er, and Consort Shangguan Wan'er was thwarted, and he was killed in flight. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it was recorded that he was the third son of Emperor Zhongzong (<mask>), although his younger brother Emperor Shang was born in either 695 or 698, and so he must be born sometime there before. It is not known who his mother was other than that she was not Emperor Zhongzong's wife Empress Wei. It is further unknown whether he was born before or during Emperor Zhongzong's brief first reign in 684, or during his exile from 684 to 698. However, upon the recall of <mask>, then carrying the title of Prince of Lulin during the reign of <mask>'s grandmother Wu Zetian, to the capital Luoyang, Wu Zetian created <mask> the Prince of Yixing.In 705, <mask> was restored to the throne after Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup. He created <mask> the Prince of Wei and made him the prefect of Luo Prefecture (洛州, i.e., Luoyang). He was also made a general and the commandant

masks:
Li Chongjun
Li Chongrun
Li Guo
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Xian
Li Xian
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Xian
Li Chongjun


title: Li Chongjun

texts:
 at Yang Prefecture (揚州, roughly modern Yangzhou, Jiangsu), although he remained at Luoyang and did not report to Yang Prefecture. As crown prince
In 706, <mask> was created crown prince. It was said that he was intelligent and decisive, but because he lacked good teachers, he did not act properly. Emperor Zhongzong made his brothers-in-law Yang Shenjiao (楊慎交) the husband of Princess Changning and Wu Chongxun the husband of <mask>'er the Princess Anle his advisors. It was said that all Yang and Wu did were to play sports with <mask> and were not carrying out actions to educate or protect him.His staff members Yao Ting (姚珽) and Ping Zhenshen (平貞慎) did frequently advise him to act properly, and <mask> treated them with respect, but could not carry out their suggestions. At that time, Wu Chongxun's father Wu Sansi the Prince of Dejing was a lover of Empress Wei and a trusted advisor to Emperor Zhongzong, and shortly after <mask> was created crown prince, he persuaded <mask> to suggest that five officials who had been instrumental in returning Emperor Zhongzong to the throne but who had subsequently lost out to Wu Sansi in a power struggle -- Jing Hui, Huan Yanfan, Zhang Jianzhi, Yuan Shuji, and Cui Xuanwei—be killed and their clans be slaughtered. Emperor Zhongzong did not accept the suggestion, although subsequently the five were all either killed cruelly or died in exile. Meanwhile, because <mask> was not born of Empress Wei, she disliked him. Further, Wu Chongxun and <mask>'er both often humiliated <mask>, sometimes even calling him "slave" on account of his mother's lower birth. <mask>'er, Emperor Zhongzong's

masks:
Li Chongjun
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Guo


title: Li Chongjun

texts: favorite daughter, also often suggested to Emperor Zhongzong that he depose <mask> and make her crown princess. In fall 707 (by which time the capital had moved back to Chang'an), <mask>'s anger erupted, and he, the ethnically Mohe general <mask>o, and his father's cousin <mask> (李千里) the Prince of Cheng rose in rebellion, along with other generals <mask> (李思沖), <mask>ang (李承況), Dugu Yizhi (獨孤褘之), and Shazha Zhongyi (沙吒忠義).They took a group of imperial guards and attacked Wu Sansi's mansion, killing him and Wu Chongxun. They then attacked the palace, seeking to arrest Empress Wei, <mask>'er, and Emperor Zhongzong's concubine Consort Shangguan Wan'er (who also had an affair with Wu Sansi). The imperial guards at the palace defended against the attack, and <mask> hesitated—hoping to be able to converse with Emperor Zhongzong himself to plead his case. The eunuch Yang Sixu (楊思勗) took the opportunity to counterattack and kill <mask>'s forward commander, <mask>o's son-in-law Ye Huli (野呼利). Emperor Zhongzong then spoke to <mask>'s soldiers, urging them to desert. The soldiers thereafter turned against <mask> and killed <mask>o, <mask>ang, Dugu, and Shazha; in a separate attack, <mask>li and his son <mask> (李禧) the Prince of Tianshui were killed in battle. <mask> fled with some 100 soldiers toward the Qinling Mountains, but soldiers deserted on the way, and by the time he reached Hu (戶縣, near Chang'an), he only had several soldiers with him.As they were resting under a tree, the soldiers killed him and surrendered. Emperor Zhongzong presented <mask>'s head to the imperial ancestral temple (in other words, treating him as

masks:
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Duozu
Li Qianli
Li Sichong
Li Chengku
Li Guo
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Duozu
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Duozu
Li Chengku
Li Qian
Li Xi
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun


title: Li Chongjun

texts:
 having committed treason), and then also presented it to the caskets of Wu Sansi and Wu Chongxun. He then hung <mask>'s head on the government wall. None of <mask>'s staff members, fearful that they would be accused of treason themselves, dared to approach <mask>'s body, but the secretary general of Yonghe County (永和, in modern Linfen, Shanxi), Ning Jiaxu (甯嘉勗), took off his own shirt, wrapped <mask>'s head in it, and wept bitterly—and as a result was demoted to be the secretary general of the distant Xingping County (興平, in modern Foshan, Guangdong). After Emperor Zhongzong's death in 710, Empress Wei was overthrown in a coup led by <mask>'s cousin <mask> the Prince of Linzi and their aunt Princess Taiping, and <mask>'s father and <mask>'s uncle <mask> the Prince of Xiang became emperor (as Emperor Ruizong). Emperor Ruizong restored <mask>'s title as crown prince, reburied him with honors due a crown prince and gave him the posthumous name of Jiemin (meaning "self-controlled and suffering"). Ancestry

Personal Information
<mask>'s consort was Lady Yang; her younger sister Empress Yuanxian was mother of the future Emperor Suzong of Tang.<mask> had a son named <mask> (李宗晖) born by Lady Yang. Zonghui would be created Prince of Huyang during the reign of his grand-uncle Emperor Ruizong of Tang and serve as Taichangyuanwaiqing (太常员外卿) in the Tianbao era of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 86. New Book of Tang, vol. 81. Zizhi Tongjian, vols.208, 209. Tang dynasty generals
Tang dynasty imperial princes
707 deaths
Year of birth unknown
7th-century births
Heirs apparent who never

masks:
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Li Longji
Li Longji
Li Chongjun
Li Dan
Li Chongjun
Li Chongjun
Chongjun
Li Zonghui


title: William Stamps Farish II

texts:
<mask> (February 23, 1881 – November 29, 1942) was a pioneer in East Texas oilfield development, president of Standard Oil and a founding member and president of the American Petroleum Institute. He was a member of the influential <mask> family. Early life
<mask> was born in Mayersville, Mississippi the son of <mask> (1843–1899) and Katherine Maude Power (1860–1931) and the grandnephew of Jefferson Davis. He attended school at St. Thomas Hall, an Episcopal preparatory school at Holly Springs, Mississippi. The school was founded in 1844 by a New Yorker, the Reverend Francis Lister Hawks (1798–1866). A brilliant, winsome, and sometimes controversial Episcopal priest and educator, Hawks attracted motivated students from all over the Episcopal Diocese of Mississippi. Hawks's vision for the school in Holly Springs was derived in part from W.A.Muhlenberg's successful schools on Long Island. In 1847, Hawks left Mississippi to become the first President of the University of Louisiana in New Orleans (now the Tulane University of Louisiana). Career
After receiving a law degree from the University of Mississippi in 1900, he practiced law for three months at Clarksdale, Mississippi, before moving to Beaumont, Texas, when oil was discovered at the Spindletop oilfield. He became supervisor of wells for Texas Oil Fields, Limited, an English syndicate. The next year he organized the Brown-Farish Oil Company, which did contract drilling and traded in oil. The firm became bankrupt at Brown's death, but <mask> succeeded in borrowing money to pay creditors. By 1904 <mask> and Robert Lee Blaffer had formed a partnership to do contract drilling and lease trading.The next

masks:
William Stamps Farish II
Farish
Farish
William Stamps Farish I
Farish
Farish


title: William Stamps Farish II

texts:
 year Blaffer and <mask> moved to Houston to be nearer the Humble field. In 1915, <mask> became president of the Gulf Coast Producers Association and subsequently was named president of the Texas-Louisiana Oil and Gas Association. In March 1917, he and others organized the Humble Oil and Refining Company. As vice president, <mask> was in charge of production, advancing industry technology and helping the company expand rapidly. In 1918, he raised the profile of Humble, serving on the Petroleum Committee of the Council for National Defense. When Humble grew short of capital for expansion, <mask> turned to industry executives he had met. He negotiated with Walter Teagle, head of Standard Oil of New Jersey (later Exxon Corporation), which paid $17 million for a slight majority of Humble in 1919, and Humble gained a market for its oil and financial backing to build in Baytown, Texas one of the world's largest refineries.<mask> served as vice president for five years and in 1922 became president. The Houston company, which remained surprisingly autonomous, became Jersey Standard's largest operating unit. In 1926, <mask> became a founder and president of the American Petroleum Institute, taking a leadership position in oil conservation. In 1933, he became chairman of the board of Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, which held substantial stock interest in Humble, and in 1937, he became president of Standard. At the beginning of World War II, <mask> was a member of the National Petroleum Industry War Council. World War II controversy

<mask> had been a principal in a partnership between a Standard Oil/General Motors owned company, Ethyl Gasoline Corporation,

masks: Farish Farish Farish Farish Farish Farish Farish Farish


title: William Stamps Farish II

texts:
 and the German company I.G. Farben.This jointly owned venture, Ethyl GmbH, was involved with the creation of the Auschwitz labor camp on June 14, 1940, to produce artificial rubber from coal and they also built then operated tetraethyllead plants in Germany. On March 25, 1942, U.S. Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold announced that <mask>, along with other officers of Standard Oil and related companies, pleaded "no contest" in the criminal courts of Newark, New Jersey to criminally conspiring with the Nazi government in Germany. As part of a plea bargain, the charges were dropped in exchange for Standard Oil releasing its German patents and payment of fines totaling about $50,000. <mask>s <mask> was fined $1,000 while similar fines were levied against Standard Oil -- $5,000 each  for  the parent company and for several  subsidiaries. This did not interfere with the millions of dollars that <mask> had profited as a large  stockholder, chairman  and president of Standard Oil. He was described by Senator Harry Truman in public as approaching 'treason' for profiting from the Nazi war machine and withholding patents from the US government. Lazy F Ranch
<mask>amps <mask> II founded Lazy F Ranch in Texas.After his death in 1942, his widow and daughter took over the running of the operation. Under Lazy F colors, Martha Gerry bred and raced a number of Thoroughbred racehorses the most famous of which was Forego who raced between 1973 and 1978. Voted United States Horse of the Year three years in a row and a U.S. Racing Hall of Fame inductee, Forego was ranked #8 in The Blood-Horse magazine list of  the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century. Personal

masks:
Farish
William Stamp
Farish
Farish
William St
Farish


title: William Stamps Farish II

texts:
 life
On June 1, 1911, he married Libbie Randon Rice in Houston. Libbie was a cousin of the first wife of Jefferson Davis, Sarah Knox Taylor, daughter of President Zachary Taylor, and a granddaughter of Walter Browne Botts, a founder of the international law firm of Baker-Botts. (Farish's great-grandfather, Hazelwood M<mask> (1809–1851), married Jane Lucinda Davis (1821–51), youngest sister of Jefferson Davis, President of the CSA.)Together, W.S. and Libbie <mask> had a son and a daughter:

 <mask> <mask> Jr. was in the US Air Force during World War II and was the father of <mask> <mask> <mask> (b. 1939). <mask> (1918–2007), who married Edward Harriman Gerry (1914–2003), in 1939. Gerry was the son of Robert Livingston Gerry Sr. (1877–1957) and Cornelia Averell Harriman (1884–1966), the daughter of railroad executive E. H. Harriman and his wife <mask> Averell. <mask> resided in the Shadyside community, developed by his friend, Joseph S. Cullinan. <mask> <mask> <mask> died at the age of 61 on November 29, 1942, in Millbrook, New York, while visiting friends; he was buried in Houston.<mask> had established the W. S. Farish Co. in 1929 to manage the family assets, which were valued by Forbes in 1992 at $400 million. The holdings include the Farish Fund foundation, providing millions for charitable causes. W. S. Farish Co., today is headed by grandson <mask>, and still operates in Houston. See also
<mask>amps <mask> <mask> (grandson)
<mask> <mask> IV (great grandson)

References

1881 births
1942 deaths
Burials at Glenwood Cemetery (Houston, Texas)
American businesspeople in the oil industry
People from Mayersville, Mississippi
Standard Oil
ExxonMobil

masks:
. Farish
Rice Farish
William Stamps
Farish
William Stamps
Farish
III
Martha Farish
Mary Williamson
Farish
William Stamps
Farish
II
Farish
Will III
William St
Farish
III
William Stamps
Farish


title: Tim Parker

texts:
<mask> (born 19 June 1955) is a British executive. As of 2020 he was the chairman of the National Trust, Post Office Ltd, and Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS). From 1986 to 2014, he was successively the CEO of Kenwood, Clarks Shoes, Kwik-Fit, the AA, and Samsonite, and led each company in a turnaround. He was appointed the chairman of the National Trust in 2014, chairman of Post Office Ltd in 2015, and chairman of HMCTS in 2018. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Aldershot, Hampshire, in 1955. The son of an army officer, he spent much of his childhood abroad. He was educated at Abingdon School in Abingdon, Oxfordshire, leaving in 1973.He attended Pembroke College, Oxford, where he was chairman of the Oxford University Labour Club. He holds an MA in Philosophy, Politics and Economics from Oxford (1977), and an MSc in Business Studies from the London Business School (1981). Career
After graduating from Oxford, <mask> worked as a junior economist in HM Treasury from 1977 to 1979. In 1981, after obtaining his business degree, he joined Thorn EMI as assistant to Sir William Barlow, chairman of the engineering group. At the age of 26, he was appointed CEO of Blakeslee, a small engineering subsidiary of Thorn EMI in Chicago. After two years he had the business sold off as lacking in scalability. Returning to the UK, he headed Crypto Peerless, a Birmingham company manufacturing foodservice equipment, which in a little over two years he took from break-even to £800,000 in profits.In 1986, he was appointed CEO of the appliance manufacturer Kenwood. In 1989 he led a management-based leveraged buyout of the

masks:
Timothy Charles Parker
Parker
Parker


title: Tim Parker

texts: business, with backing from the private-equity firm Candover Investments; the company was purchased for £52 million. It was listed on London Stock Exchange in 1992 at a valuation of £104 million. In 1996, <mask> became CEO of Clarks Shoes. He substantially reorganised the company, closed 20 factories, moved manufacturing overseas, and revived the Clarks brand with more up-to-date shoe styles. Within six years the company's profitability increased by 150%, and by the time he left in 2002 it had revenues approaching £1 billion a year. In August 2002, he was hired as CEO of Kwik-Fit, after CVC Capital Partners acquired the company from Ford.He undertook a major restructuring of the business, including cutting 3,000 jobs. During his tenure as CEO, profits increased by 250%. The business was sold to PAI Partners in 2005 for £800 million, with <mask> earning £20 million from the deal. In 2004, CVC Capital Partners and Permira purchased the AA from Centrica for £1.75 billion, and <mask> was appointed CEO. During the next two years, he carried out a fundamental restructuring programme; one-third of the company's 10,000 jobs were cut in the process. <mask> was subsequently dubbed the "Prince of Darkness" by trade unions. The AA's EBITDA increased from £120 million in 2004 to £305 million in 2007.In 2007, the AA merged with Saga at an enterprise value of £3.35 billion. From 7 July to 19 August 2008, <mask> served as First Deputy Mayor of London, under Boris Johnson. He was also chairman of Transport for London and CEO of the Greater London Authority during that period, prior to resigning. In November 2008, he was appointed

masks: Parker Parker Parker Parker Parker


title: Tim Parker

texts: non-executive chairman of Samsonite, and was made CEO in January 2009. CVC Capital Partners had acquired Samsonite in July 2007, and the ensuing financial crisis of 2007–2008 hit the luggage company hard due to the declines in international air travel and consumer spending; 2008 earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation collapsed from $120 million to only $40 million globally. <mask> was brought in to turn the company around. He restructured the company, replaced its management, cut jobs, closed stores, and invested funds in new suitcase designs and marketing.In 2010, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation, and amortisation revived to $192 million. The company was listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in June 2011, raising $1.25 billion in the IPO. Following his appointment to the National Trust, in August 2014 <mask> resigned as CEO of Samsonite, effective 1 October 2014; he remained on as non-executive chairman of the company. In 2009, he was the lead investor in the private-equity acquisition of British Pathé, and the historic film archive launched a newly established and dedicated London office, and a new, updated, quicker, and simpler website. He remains a director and owner of the British Pathé film archive. In 2014 <mask> was appointed chairman of the National Trust, an unpaid role. In May 2021 the National Trust announced that he would be stepping down in October 2021.<mask> became chairman of Post Office Ltd in October 2015, in the midst of a long dispute between the Post Office and a number of subpostmasters over problems with its Horizon computer system. In June 2016, he told

masks: Parker Parker Parker Parker


title: Tim Parker

texts:
 subpostmasters that replacing the Horizon system would "incur considerable risk". The faulty Horizon system was responsible for hundreds of subpostmasters being accused of accounting fraud and theft since its installation in 1999, and dozens of false convictions. In December 2019, the Post Office agreed to a £58 million settlement, and a High Court judge ruled that bugs, errors, and defects in the Horizon system caused shortfalls in branch accounts. In October 2020, after the Post Office conceded appeals by 44 former subpostmasters to overturn convictions linked to the Horizon accounting scandal, <mask> issued an apology, stating "I am sincerely sorry on behalf of the Post Office for historical failings which seriously affected some postmasters. Post Office is resetting its relationship with postmasters with reforms that prevent such past events ever happening again. Post Office wishes to ensure that all postmasters entitled to claim civil compensation because of their convictions being overturned are recompensed as quickly as possible.Therefore, we are considering the best process for doing that." In April 2018, <mask> was appointed chairman of Her Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service (HMCTS), effective 27 April 2018. Additional board memberships
As of 2020, in addition to being chairman of Samsonite, <mask> is an advisor to CVC Capital Partners. He is also a trustee of the Royal Academy of Music. Personal life
<mask> is married and has four children. See also
 List of Old Abingdonians

References

Living people
1955 births
People educated at Abingdon School
National Trust people
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni


title: John Langdon (politician)

texts:
<mask> (June 26, 1741September 18, 1819) was a politician from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and a Founding Father of the United States. He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, signed the United States Constitution, and was one of the first two United States senators from New Hampshire. As a member of the Continental Congress, <mask> was an early supporter of the Revolutionary War. He later served in United States Congress for 12 years, including as the first president pro tempore of the Senate, before becoming president and later governor of New Hampshire. He turned down a nomination for U.S. vice presidential candidate in 1812. Early life
<mask>'s father was a prosperous farmer and local shipbuilder whose family had emigrated to America before 1660 from Sheviock, Caradon, Cornwall. The <mask>s were among the first to settle near the mouth of the Piscataqua River, a community which became Portsmouth, one of New England 's major seaports.<mask> attended the local grammar school run by a veteran of the 1745 Siege of Louisbourg against the French at Fortress of Louisbourg in New France. After finishing his primary education, he and his older brother, Woodbury <mask>, rejected the opportunity to join in their father's successful agricultural livelihood and apprenticed themselves to local naval merchants. By age 22, <mask> was captain of the cargo ship Andromache, sailing to the West Indies. Four years later he owned his first merchantman and would continue over time to acquire a small fleet of vessels engaging in the triangle trade between Portsmouth, the Caribbean, and London. His older brother was even more successful in international trade, and by 1777 both young men were among Portsmouth's wealthiest citizens. American Revolution
British control of the shipping industries limited <mask>'s business, motivating him to become a vigorous and prominent supporter of the revolutionary movement in the 1770s. He served on the New Hampshire committee of correspondence and a nonimportation committee and also attended various Patriot assemblies.In 1774, he

masks:
John Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon


title: John Langdon (politician)

texts:
 participated in the seizure and confiscation of British munitions from Fort William and Mary. <mask> served as a member of the Second Continental Congress from 1775 to 1776. He was one of the signatories of the U.S. Constitution. He resigned from the Congress in June 1776 to become an agent for the Continental forces against the British and superintended the construction of several warships including the "Raleigh", the "America", and the "Ranger." In 1777, he equipped an expedition against the British, participating in the Battle of Bennington and commanding <mask>'s Company of Light Horse Volunteers at Saratoga and in Rhode Island. Political career

In 1784, he built at Portsmouth the mansion now known as the <mask> <mask> House. <mask> was elected to two terms as president of New Hampshire, once between 1785 and 1786 and again between 1788 and 1789.He was a member of the Congress of the Confederation in 1787 and became president of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, serving as a member of the New Hampshire delegation. <mask> was elected to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, 1789, to March 3, 1801. He was elected the first president pro tempore of the Senate on April 6, 1789, and also served as president pro tempore during the Second Congress. During the 1787 constitutional debates in Philadelphia, <mask> spoke out against James Madison 's proposed "negative" on state laws simply because he felt that should the Senate be granted this power and not the House of Representatives, it would "hurt the feelings" of House members. <mask> was an ardent supporter of the drive to ratify the Constitution of the United States in New Hampshire. On June 21, 1788, it was ratified by New Hampshire by a vote of 57-47. He immediately wrote to George Washington to inform him that New Hampshire had become the ninth state which he described as the "Key Stone in the Great Arch.Joshua Atherton, who campaigned against ratification, accepted the result and stated, "It's adopted. Let’s try it”. In 1798, <mask> assisted Oney Judge to evade Burwell Bassett,  the nephew of George and

masks:
Langdon
Langdon
Governor John
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon


title: John Langdon (politician)

texts:
 Martha Washington, who had intended to kidnap Judge and return her to slavery with the Washingtons. <mask> served as a member of the New Hampshire Legislature (1801–05), with the last two terms as speaker; he served as governor of New Hampshire from 1805 to 1812, except for a year between 1809 and 1810. In 1808, his niece, Catherine Whipple <mask>, married Edmund Roberts. <mask> declined the nomination to be a candidate for vice president with James Madison in 1812. Death and legacy
<mask> died in Portsmouth in 1819 and was interred at the Langdon Tomb in the North Cemetery.The town of Langdon, New Hampshire, is named after him, as is Langdon Street in Madison, Wisconsin, a city with numerous streets named after Founding Fathers. See also
 New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 114: North Cemetery
 New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 127: <mask> (1741–1819)

Notes

References

 "The Founding Fathers: New Hampshire." U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. State Builders: An Illustrated Historical and Biographical Record of the State of New Hampshire. State Builers Publishing Manchester, NH 1903
 Mayo, Lawrence Shaw."<mask> of New Hampshire". Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, 1937. External links
 Governor <mask> House, Historic New England

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1741 births
1819 deaths
Politicians from Portsmouth, New Hampshire
People of colonial New Hampshire
American people of Cornish descent
American Congregationalists
Continental Congressmen from New Hampshire
Signers of the United States Constitution
Pro-Administration Party United States senators from New Hampshire
Anti-Administration Party United States senators from New Hampshire
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators from New Hampshire
New Hampshire Democratic-Republicans
Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
1808 United States vice-presidential candidates
1812 United States vice-presidential candidates
Governors of New Hampshire
Democratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States
New Hampshire militiamen in the American Revolution
Burials in New

masks:
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
Langdon
John Langdon
John Langdon
John Langdon


title: Paddy Madden

texts:
<mask> (born 4 March 1990) is an Irish footballer who plays as a striker for National League club Stockport County. Career

Bohemians
Madden signed league forms with Bohemians on 8 July 2008, and scored several times for the Bohemians "A" Team on their path to the Grand Final of the A League in that year. He made his Bohemians first team debut as a substitute in their 2–0 win over Cobh Ramblers on 8 November 2008. Prior to the start of the 2009 season, Madden joined Shelbourne on loan on 10 February 2009. Bohemians manager Pat Fenlon sent the young striker out on loan hoping for Madden to gain first team experience. Madden made an immediate impression for Shelbourne by scoring in his first competitive appearance for Shels in their opening First Division match against Wexford Youths at Tolka Park on 6 March 2009. He also scored against his own employers for Shelbourne during an EA Sports Cup 2nd round tie at Dalymount Park on 4 May 2009.<mask>'s loan spell at Shelbourne concluded on 29 June 2009 and he returned to Bohemians. During his loan spell at Shelbourne, Madden made 16 league and cup appearances and scored 8 goals. On 29 September 2009, <mask> scored his first goal for Bohs in a 1–0 victory over Derry City in the Brandywell which led to Bohs returning to the top of the league. In the 2010 season, <mask> scored 9 goals in 5 matches, and he was voted the Soccer Writers Association of Ireland Player of the Month for June. Carlisle United
Madden signed for English League One side Carlisle United on 31 January 2011, for an undisclosed fee signing a two-and-a-half-year contract with the Cumbrian club. On 4 October 2012, Madden joined League One club Yeovil Town on an initial one-month loan deal with a view to extend

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title: Paddy Madden

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 to gain some much needed pitch time after not featuring in Carlisle's starting league squad this season. He had scored 1 goal in 3 substitute appearances for the Cumbrians this campaign.On 6 October 2012, he made his debut for Yeovil and scored a two goals in a 3–1 home victory against Colchester United. After going on a run of five goals in five games, he extended his loan until 2013. On 1 January 2013, Madden scored a brace in the final match of his loan spell against Leyton Orient ending with nine goals from sixteen games for Yeovil. Following the game it was announced <mask> had signed permanently for Yeovil Town for an undisclosed fee on a two-and-a-half-year deal. Madden then went on to score 4 goals in his first two games as a permanent Yeovil Town player in the month of January. By mid February he was already League One top scorer, with 18 goals, despite only starting playing in October. In an interview with the BBC after this run of form he was described by his manager Gary Johnson as "the bargain of the season".<mask>'s contribution of 6 goals to Yeovil's perfect January of 3 out of 3 wins didn't go unrecognised as he won the League One Player of the Month award. <mask> scored in the 2013 League One play-off Final as Yeovil beat Brentford 2–1 to earn promotion to the Championship for the first time in the club's history. <mask> ended the season with the League One golden boot with 23 goals (1 for Carlisle), plus his 2013 League One play-off Final goal to make it 24 in all competitions. On 26 November 2013, with <mask> having failed to score since Yeovil's promotion to the Championship, he was placed on the transfer list by the club. Scunthorpe United
On 10 January 2014, <mask> signed for Football League Two

masks: Madden Madden Madden Madden Madden Madden


title: Paddy Madden

texts:
 side Scunthorpe United for an undisclosed fee, believed to be £300,000, signing a -year contract. <mask>'s first game for Scunthorpe came on 11 January 2014 in a 0–2 away win over Mansfield Town. He scored his first goal for the club in a 5–1 win over Portsmouth on 22 February 2014.Madden helped the club gain promotion to League One at the end of the 2013–14 season, scoring 5 goals in the process. For the following two seasons, Madden was the club's most prolific goalscorer, netting 16 goals in all competitions during 2014–15, and 23 goals in all competitions during 2015–16. Madden suffered a significant downturn of form during Scunthorpe's play-off push in the 2016–17 season, despite featuring in the majority of the Iron's games. This downturn in form continued into the next season, with Madden scoring only 2 league goals during the very early stages of the 2017–18 season. Madden failed to score in any of his last 16 league appearances for the Iron. Despite his downturn in form, Madden scored 60 goals across all competitions during his time with the Iron, placing him as the club's 10th most prolific goalscorer of all time. Fleetwood Town
On 2 January 2018, <mask> signed for fellow League One side Fleetwood Town for an undisclosed fee, believed to be £150,000, signing a -year contract.He scored his 100th goal in English football in Fleetwood Town's FA Cup tie against Guiseley on 3 December 2018. In May 2019 he signed a new three-year contract with the club. During the 2020–21 season, Madden was sidelined for multiple matches after testing positive for COVID-19. At the time of <mask>'s departure from Fleetwood Town in March 2021, he was the club's all-time top scorer in the EFL with 43 goals. In all competitions,

masks: Madden Madden Madden


title: Paddy Madden

texts:
 Madden scored 53 goals in 149 appearances for Fleetwood after joining the club from Scunthorpe United in January 2018. Stockport County
On 15 March 2021, Madden signed for National League side Stockport County for an undisclosed fee, signing a three year deal. International
<mask> has represented the Republic of Ireland at U18 and U19 level and made his Republic of Ireland under-21 debut against Armenia in November 2009.In August 2013, <mask> was called up for the first time to Republic of Ireland senior team to play Wales in a friendly. <mask> made his debut coming on in the 69th minute. Career statistics

Honours
Bohemians
League of Ireland Premier Division: 2009
Setanta Sports Cup: 2009–10

Carlisle United
Football League Trophy: 2010–11

Yeovil Town
Football League One play-offs: 2012–13

Individual
PFA Team of the Year: 2012–13 League One
Airtricity/SWAI Player of the Month: June 2010
Football League One Player of the Month: January 2013
Football League One Golden Boot: 2012–13

References

External links

Ireland profile at Soccerscene

1990 births
Living people
Association footballers from County Dublin
Republic of Ireland association footballers
League of Ireland players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Bohemian F.C. players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C.players
Fleetwood Town F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Association football forwards
Republic of Ireland international footballers
Republic of Ireland under-23 international footballers
Republic of Ireland under-21 international footballers
Republic of Ireland youth international footballers
League of Ireland XI players
A Championship


title: Harry Hamlin

texts:
<mask> (born October 30, 1951) is an American actor, author, and entrepreneur. Hamlin is known for his roles as Perseus in the 1981 fantasy film Clash of the Titans and as Michael Kuzak in the legal drama series L.A. Law, for which he received three Golden Globe nominations. For his recurring role on the AMC drama series Mad Men, Hamlin received a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. Early life
<mask> was born October 30, 1951, in Pasadena, California, the son of Bernice (née Robinson), a socialite, and <mask>, Jr., an aeronautical engineer. As a teenager, he attended Flintridge Preparatory School, near Pasadena, and The Hill School, a private boarding school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania, where he played soccer and lacrosse and acted in the school's musicals and plays. He also attended classes at the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts. Hamlin attended University of California, Berkeley, and is an alumnus of the Theta Zeta chapter of the national fraternity Delta Kappa Epsilon, of which he was president in 1972.<mask> graduated from Yale University in 1974 with dual Bachelor of Arts degrees in drama and psychology. He then attended the American Conservatory Theater's advanced actor training program, from which he was awarded a Master of Fine Arts degree in acting in 1976. There, Hamlin starred in a production of Equus, attracting the attention of director Stanley Donen. Career

Film and television
<mask> appeared in the 1976 television production of Taming of the Shrew and also had the title role in the 1979 television miniseries Studs Lonigan. He starred in Movie Movie with George C. Scott in 1978, for which he received his first Golden Globe Award nomination. His big-screen break was a starring role in the 1981 Greek mythology fantasy epic Clash of the Titans.

masks:
Harry Robinson Hamlin
Hamlin
Chauncey Jerome Hamlin
Hamlin
Hamlin


title: Harry Hamlin

texts: television movie. In 2004, Hamlin began a recurring role on the television series Veronica Mars. He played fading action hero Aaron Echolls, father to central show character Logan Echolls who had a turbulent relationship with him. Hamlin's character states that he (like the real-life Hamlin) was People magazine's 'Sexiest Man Alive' in 1987. Aaron's wife, Lynn, was played by Hamlin's real-life wife, Lisa Rinna. Hamlin appeared beginning in the sixth episode of the first season, "Return of the Kane", and made his last appearance in the second season finale, "Not Pictured".In 2006, Hamlin took part in the third season of Dancing with the Stars with Ashly DelGrosso, but was voted off the show in the third week. In 2009, <mask> starred in the series Harper's Island as Uncle Marty. He was killed abruptly in the first episode by being cut in half while he dangled from a broken wooden bridge. In June 2010, Hamlin guest-starred in an episode of Army Wives and then became a recurring cast member. In June 2010, Hamlin starred in the Hallmark Channel movie You Lucky Dog. On December 4, 2008, TV Guide reported that <mask> and Rinna signed a deal to create a reality television series called Harry Loves Lisa that is based around their family life. The series was developed by TV Land and premiered on October 6, 2010.In 2012, <mask> began playing Lloyd Lishman, an older lover to Ian Gallagher (Cameron Monaghan) on the U.S version of Shameless (7 episodes circa the end of Season 3). Hamlin appeared in an adult diaper commercial with his wife during a primetime television program. Beginning on April 28, 2013, Hamlin appeared in several episodes of season six (1968) of Mad Men as ad executive Jim Cutler after the merger of Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce and Cutler Gleason and Chaough. Hamlin was nominated for a 2013 Primetime Emmy

masks: Hamlin Hamlin Hamlin


title: Harry Hamlin

texts:
 Award for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his appearance in "A Tale of Two Cities". In 2016, Hamlin was cast in the EPIX comedy Graves starring Nick Nolte, and in 2017, Hamlin was cast as Addison Hayes, a mysterious and powerful mastermind whose agenda will collide with Swagger in the new USA Network show Shooter. Stage
<mask> made his Broadway debut in 1982 playing Moe Axelrod opposite Frances McDormand in the Broadway revival of Clifford Odets' Awake and Sing!. An avid Shakespearean actor, Hamlin played the title role in Hamlet at the famed McCarter Theater in Princeton, New Jersey, where he would go on to play Faust in Dr. Faustus the following year.In 1994, <mask> received a Helen Hayes Award Nomination for his portrayal of Henry V, in the play of the same name, at the prestigious Shakespeare Theater Company in Washington, DC. In 1996, <mask> returned to Broadway as Michael Buchanan in Tennessee Williams' Summer and Smoke at the Roundabout Theater. Video games
Hamlin reprised the role of Perseus in the 2007 video game God of War II. In the game, Perseus was trapped in a room while searching for the Sisters of Fate to revive his dead lover, and believes Kratos to be sent by the gods to test him. Books
In 2010, Hamlin authored Full Frontal Nudity: The Making of an Accidental Actor, published by Scribner, wherein he shares stories of his career as an actor. ()

Fusion power
Hamlin is an advocate for fusion power and was an angel investor and co-founder of TAE Technologies, formerly known as Tri Alpha Energy. TAE Technologies states that it is in the final stages of the research and development of a clean, non-radioactive fusion power generator.Hamlin delivered a talk on Fusion at the TEDX LA conference in 2016 entitled, "You Don't Have To Be A Rocket Scientist To Be A Futurist!" Hamlin was


title: Harry Hamlin

texts:
 also a board member of Advanced Physics Corporation. Hamlin is also on the Board of Governors of the National Space Society. Personal life
Hamlin was in a relationship with Ursula Andress after meeting on the set of Clash of the Titans in 1979. She gave birth to their son in 1980. Although an engagement was announced, the couple never married. In 1983, Hamlin broke up with her.From 1985 to 1989, he was married to actress Laura Johnson and between 1991 and 1992, to actress Nicollette Sheridan. Since 1997 <mask> has been married to Days of Our Lives actress and television host Lisa Rinna. They have two daughters born 1998 and 2001, who both appeared in the reality show Harry Loves Lisa with the couple. The couple also starred in the first season of Veronica Mars as Aaron and Lynn Echolls, a married couple. They also starred as a married couple in the 2001 Lifetime Movie Sex, Lies, and Obsession. Hamlin's wives have each been prominent prime time soap-opera actresses: Rinna starred on Melrose Place, Sheridan was a regular on Knots Landing, Desperate Housewives, and the Dynasty reboot. Johnson was a regular on Falcon Crest (on which Andress later made guest appearances).Filmography

Film

Television films

Television series

Video games

Awards and nominations

References

External links

<mask> on Worldcat (libraries)
Dancing with the Stars page on Hamlin

1951 births
Male actors from Pasadena, California
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American people of English descent
American people of Scottish descent
The Hill School alumni
Living people
Participants in American reality television series
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Yale University alumni
American male Shakespearean actors
Fraternity Leadership Association
American

masks:
Hamlin
Harry Hamlin


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: <mask> (; November 12, 1950 – July 12, 1999) was a Romanian short-story writer, novelist, essayist and literary critic, one of the leading exponents of the Optzeciști generation in Romanian letters. The author of experimental prose, mixing elements of conventional narratives with autofiction, textuality, intertextuality and, in some cases, fantasy, he placed his work at the meeting point between Postmodernism and a minimalist form of Neorealism. This approach is illustrated by his volumes of stories and his novels Zmeura de cîmpie ("Raspberry of the Field"), Tratament fabulatoriu ("Confambulatory Treatment"), and by Femeia în roșu ("The Woman in Red"), a collaborative fiction piece written together with  and . A follower of trends in avant-garde literature of the 1960s and 1970s, <mask> co-founded the literary circle Noii ("The New Ones") with Gheorghe Crăciun, , , , , Emil Paraschivoiu,  and . His integration as an authoritative voice on the Postmodern scene, inaugurated by his presence in the Desant '83 anthology, was complemented by his free-minded attitude and drifter lifestyle. Although <mask>'s political nonconformism pitted him against the repressive communist system on several occasions, he stood out on the literary scene for adapting to some communist requirements in order to get his message across. This tendency made Nedelciu the target of controversy.The final years of <mask> <mask>'s life witnessed his publicized struggle with Hodgkin's lymphoma, which shaped the themes in his unfinished novel, Zodia Scafandrului ("Sign of the Deep-sea Diver"). Although the rhythm of his activity slowed under

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Mircea Nedelciu
Nedelciu
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Mircea
Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

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 the pressures of infirmity and major surgery in French clinics, Nedelciu continued his involvement with the literary scene, as both cultural promoter and polemicist, until shortly before his death. His critical posterity is sharply divided on issues surrounding the importance of his work, between those who primarily view him as an eccentric figure and those who describe him as one Romania's major experimental writers. Biography

Early life
Nedelciu was born in the semi-urban locality of Fundulea, Călărași County, where his parents, Ștefan and Maria, worked in agriculture (Nedelciu's father was also employed by the House of Savings, a state-run bank). The couple's resistance to forced collectivization had engendered political repercussions, and impacted on the family's standing: Nedelciu's older sister was expelled from university for one year. The family was also periodically harassed by the communist authorities after their son-in-law decided to cross the Iron Curtain, settling in the United States. <mask> <mask> attended primary school in his native town and high school in Brănești, and afterward left for the national capital of Bucharest, in order to complete his studies.A student at the University of Bucharest's Faculty of Letters, specializing in English and French, Nedelciu was attracted into bohemian, cosmopolitan and countercultural circles, growing his hair long and informing himself on new developments in Western culture. His time as a student overlapped with an episode of liberalization which coincided with the early rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu, and which, as Nedelciu himself recalled, provided

masks: Mircea Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 Nedelciu was however able to publish his first literary piece, the short story Un purtător de cuvânt ("A Spokesman"), hosted by a Luceafărul magazine issue of 1977. Rise to prominence
The young author's standing declined further later that year, when he was briefly held under arrest for handling foreign currency (a criminal offense at the time). This time inspired him to write another story, Curtea de aer ("The Air Court"), also printed by Luceafărul in the following period.He ultimately found stable employment soon after his release, when he began working as a librarian on the staff of Cartea Românească publishing house (where his first works in literature were to be printed over the following years). As Cordoș argued, the institution "would become legendary as a meeting place for young writers from Bucharest and out of town—political rather than literary marginals." A similar statement is made by literary historian and reviewer , who sees the writer's activities as responsible for making the library "a sui generis literary club". Also according to Cordoș, <mask> was still being subject to political pressures for his family connections and his refusal to join the Romanian Communist Party. With his 1979 volume of short stories, Aventuri într-o curte interioară ("Adventures in an Interior Courtyard"), Nedelciu became a notorious figure among young authors, and earned the Writers' Union annual prize for debut. He was by then also affiliated with Junimea, a workshop and literary society named after its 19th-century predecessor and hosted by the influential critic Ovid Crohmălniceanu. Nedelciu followed up on


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 A second revised edition of Tratament fabulatoriu came in 1996. The following year, Femeia în roșu was turned into an , directed by <mask> Veroiu. It was also at that stage that Nedelciu began collecting his essays of criticism, grouped in the 1994 anthology Competiția Continuă. Generaţia '80 în texte teoretice ("The Race Goes On: the Eighties Generation in Theoretical Texts"). In 1996, <mask> was involved in the open debate organized by the Writers' Union magazine România Literară and critic Nicolae Manolescu, whose purposes were defining the nature and expectations of Romanian Postmodernism and allowing its representatives a reply to criticism. A section of the debate opposed Nedelciu to the younger writer , the latter of whom had objected to the supposed Optzeciști monopoly on Postmodernist terminology while arguing that a more genuine manifestation of the current was to be found in the emerging forms of electronic literature.Nedelciu also contributed to  and 's 1998 anthology of erotic literature, Povestea poveștilor generației '80 ("The Tale of the Tales of the 80s Generation"). Final years
The final decade of <mask>'s life witnessed his struggle with Hodgkin's disease, a rare type of lymphoma with which he was diagnosed in 1988, and which severely impaired his motor skills. His treatment involved difficult surgery, performed with French assistance; in 1995, he was subject to a bone marrow autograft, carried out in Romania with additional help from Marseille's . Although he was eventually forced to use a wheelchair, <mask> continued to be active on the literary scene, both through his involvement

masks: Mircea Nedelciu Nedelciu Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: with the Writers' Union and his founding of Euromedia, a Franco-Romanian company specialized in distributing literature. He also briefly served as editor of Contrapunct, a magazine launched by the Optzeciști, and, after accusing the Writers' Union of "Stalinism", joined other disgruntled authors in creating the Association of Professional Writers. Late in his life, he also presided over the initiative to monitor book circulations, setting up the external auditor program Topul naţional de carte ("National Book Rankings"). His output was much reduced and his ability to write altogether threatened, but he was still working on Zodia Scafandrului, his final contribution to literature.After a 1996 treatment session in France, <mask> was informed that his life expectation depended on procedures which cost 70,000 American dollars—a sum described by Nedelciu himself as "huge". Commenting on these developments, he indicated having resolving not to accept either "capitulation" or "the solution of humiliation", and declared himself optimistic about the possibility of collecting funds in dignity. His efforts were supported by the literary community, who organized a series of fundraisers, the collection being supplemented by government authorities. In late 1997, Nedelciu applied for a visa in order to get treatment in France, but it was not granted. This prompted indignation on the Romanian literary scene, and press campaigns criticizing the French Embassy in Bucharest. In November of that year, while participating in the Gaudeamus Book Fair, <mask> was able to collect the endorsement of various local cultural

masks: Nedelciu Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 personalities for his own manifesto, which demanded "freedom of movement throughout Europe for those who are in need of it". The French authorities eventually rescinded their decision, and the writer left for Marseille, where he underwent an intervention to improve his mobility.<mask> <mask> died on July 12, 1999, and was buried at Bellu Cemetery two days later. His tombstone bears the title of one of his books, "And Yesterday Will Be Another Day". In a short memoir of the event, his Noii colleague Stan commented on the "subtle irony" of his burial having taken place on Bastille Day, France's national celebration. Work

Cultural positioning
Throughout his career, <mask> was a prominent exponent of experimental literature, metafiction and autofiction. Inside Noii, he reportedly cut the figure of an innovator, a promoter, and the club member most interested in literary theory. This verdict was partly backed by , who remarks: "Like other authors from his generation, <mask> Nedelciu took care to define himself his own manner of writing, before literary critics did". According to critic , the period of "theoretical effervescence", in which Nedelciu assimilated inspiration from diverse sources, was followed by a "growing preoccupation for language."Writing during the second part of his career, Nedelciu reflected back with self-irony: "the writer's childhood diseases are [...] the wish the theorize and the baroque. Which shall the disease of old age be? I do not know. Probably monumentality, classicization!" Owing to their secondary nature, that of literary tests, Nedelciu's works abound in references and

masks: Mircea Nedelciu Nedelciu Mircea


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: compliments to, as well as borrowings from, various authors. Names critics cite in this context include Romanian classics such as Ion Luca Caragiale, Mateiu Caragiale, <mask> Eliade, and Marin Preda. <mask>'s narratives were overall significantly indebted to American fiction, and in particular to J. D. Salinger, in whose Catcher in the Rye he reportedly found the first model for his own autofictional style.He is also known to have reworked and blended into his own texts various themes borrowed from Ernest Hemingway. The English-speaking world became the Romanian author's primary cultural reference, and, according to researcher , <mask> was one of those "fascinated" with the ideas of Canadian essayist Northrop Frye on "the constant degeneration of the character" in Western literature. His inspiration sources also covered French authors associated with the May 1968 movement. Primarily related to his interest in the textuality and intertextuality techniques of Tel Quel theorists, French echoes are ranked by Dinițoiu as secondary in <mask>'s work. The author did however make extensive use of constrained writing techniques popularized by France's avant-garde, stating his admiration for the lipograms of Georges Perec. According to a testimonial by his friend Gheorghe Crăciun, <mask> <mask> also adopted "action writing"-like techniques, "without prior minute elaboration", displaying "that science of controlling one's own text bear-handed." ţoiu also mentions the "passion [...] for exact science" as a distinct trait of Nedelciu's experimentation, accounting for his "stylistic rigor".Nedelciu equaled his

masks: Mircea Nedelciu Nedelciu Nedelciu Mircea Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 integration into the Desant '83 group with an affiliation to Postmodernism, an interpretation of positioning which came to divide the Optzeciști camp. <mask> Cărtărescu, another member of this faction, referred to his colleague as "the uncontested prose leader of the 1980s", while Mihăieș acknowledged in him "the true leader of our generation, whose rule was naturally acknowledged, indisputable and therefore not at all constrictive." In tandem, author Daniel Cristea-Enache retrospectively referred to Nedelciu as a "Pope of Romanian textualism" whose "strongest asset" was literary theory. The main meeting point between Nedelciu's style and Postmodernist tenets is provided by his attachment to reinterpreting literary conventions, often with the introduction of self-referential material or provoking artistic license. Neorealism and personalized techniques
Within the Postmodernist framework, Nedelciu also stood for a minimalist approach to Neorealism, which linked him directly to fellow Optzecişti Ioan Groşan, Cristian Teodorescu and Sorin Preda. For the author himself, Postmodernist-textualist practices and the tradition of literary realism were complementary, in that the former meant "the realism of attitudes toward the real", a conclusion to which he added: "The document, the act, the direct transmission of an event that has actually happened may enter a literary text's economy, where they are no longer 'artistically transfigured' but authenticated [Nedelciu's italics]." According to literary critic Mihai Oprea, who builds his comments on terms introduced by essayist Monica Spiridon, Nedelciu's textualist


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: approach to literature as its own reality actually followed a middle course between "referential verisimilitude, preoccupied with retracing reality" and a "cultural verisimilitude", whose characteristic is "a world of objects already interpreted and ideologically formed by a certain culture."Cristea-Enache also discusses the impact that the interwar Romanian Social Realist Camil Petrescu had on Nedelciu's style, where it resurfaced in an adapted form. Essayist Genţiana Moşneanu, who defines Nedelciu's prose as being dominated by the sense of sight and recurring references to optical instruments, argues: "[His] sight digs into the sordidness of everyday banality in order to present us with samples of reality based on minute facts. All that which resides within the author's field of vision is transmitted to us, the readers, giving us that impression of 'real reality', of real life." In addition to this, she identifies a "kaleidoscope" effect, which subverts the order of realistic details between the levels of each narrative, concluding: "The manner in which <mask> Nedelciu has captured everyday banality leaves the impression of a film based on real fact, where the characters and incidents have been introduced for aesthetic reasons." A similar argument was made by Gheorghe Crăciun, who compared the effect with the "hallucinatory something" of a "film clip", translated as "a world continuously in the making". For Sanda Cordoș, his short fiction represents "a propitious moment" and a "resurrection" synonymous with "the creative type of the '80s." One of Nedelciu's cogenerationists and friends, critic Ion


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: Bogdan Lefter, also recalled how Nedelciu's personality reflected in his style and choice of subjects, noting the great pauses his colleague would leave between his works, and how "the details of reality which [Nedelciu] would bring into conversation" were casually integrated in later texts.Lefter argued: "[he] was a writer without writing" who "observed and described, lived and retold." Among the narrative techniques setting Nedelciu apart among his generation colleagues was that of so-called "live transmissions", or stories in which the mixture of coherent record and textualist transcript led to an identification with the subject. Another colleague and friend of Nedelciu, Cristian Teodorescu, recalled: "one of these stories was the transcript of a front line diary by a peasant who fought in World War II. I repeatedly asked Nedelciu what the deal was with the peasant's diary. Eventually, he admitted that he only owned a few pages of the diary, that the rest had been lost. Had he filled out the rest? He would not tell me.He knew how to defend the mysteries of his prose, taking shelter behind textualist explanations on 'text generation'." Items of regular life transposed into his prose notably include the phone number of his fellow writer Radu Cosaşu, recorded in one of Nedelciu's prose fragments. Some commentators attribute <mask> <mask>'s work with other distinct qualities, stemming from a confrontation of identities: his rural and provincial roots over his adoption by the cosmopolitan Bucharest scene. This issue is reflected in a 2006 statement Crăciun: "He is, after all, a cosmopolitan figure, I could


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: even say a frivolous figure. He runs away from the world to which he belongs, in search of the urban world, but he nevertheless can never part with the former." The claim was supported by țoiu, who argued that Nedelciu's frivolity refers to his "southern" roots in the historical region of Wallachia, which contrasted with and "captivated" the Transylvanian-born Crăciun. In the assessment of Sanda Cordoş, "Nedelciu's freedom of spirit was rooted in peasant culture and the literary life of the city, and he preserved it after graduation in 1973."Such aspects of <mask> <mask>'s work and biography are reflected in his choice of subjects and underlying themes, listed by Cordoş as "travel, vagrancy and wandering through everyday reality, immediately experienced." The "need for freedom", țoiu argues, is associated in Nedelciu's fiction with "surprisingly romance" love affairs, whose female protagonists "are often on the verge of ideal projection." The narrative is generally laid out as a ceaseless travel, and the often guide-like protagonists seem to suffer their crises only in rare moments of respite. An allusive background to these fictional biographies is provided by the social context: like the author himself, the characters are often uprooted people who relate to historical events as a seminal but mysterious collective trauma. In addition to this element, Crăciun lists the recurring themes of Nedelciu's fiction as "archeology", "meteorology" and "the mechanisms through which nature and the surrounding life exercise pressure on the individual", adding: "Each of these three elements [...] is liable to provoke


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 the distortion of reality, the emergence of strange phenomenons, abrupt changes of life and destiny, the passage from the immediate space into other spaces, at the very least atypical if not fantastical ones." A similar listing of <mask> <mask>'s main preoccupation was also provided by Lefter. Controversial aspects
Together with Cărtărescu and other figures in the Postmodernist group, Nedelciu was a target for criticism, both individual and collective.A synthesis of these objections was provided by literary historian Eugen Negrici. In Negrici's view, the self-referential and ironic works produced by such writers hindered the development of local literature on a more solid basis, and their embrace by the established critics diverted attention from older, classically Modernist authors. He also argued that the group's identification with Postmodernist theses prevented others from doing the same, and that the approximation implied by this process rendered the Postmodern label meaningless. Another literary historian to issue negative comments on <mask>'s overall contribution is Alex Ștefănescu. In his view, although being "intelligent and inventive", Nedelciu lacked "artistic sense", displayed "intellectual immaturity", and wrote novels that, unlike his short stories, were "needlessly complicated, clumsy, irrelevant from a literary point of view". Ștefănescu objected in particular to Nedelciu's theory about the need to eliminate "mystification" in prose, commenting that the awareness of conventions was accessible to "every reader", and the contrary effort brought to mind "someone who, storming into a cinema

masks: Mircea Nedelciu Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: hall, [starts] shouting 'My brothers, don't let yourselves be fooled! That which you see is not reality.These are but images projected on a piece of cloth'." He also challenged Nedelciu's view of self-referential prose was a path to interactivity, arguing that, although the writing process was exposed, the readers' passive role could not be modified: "they can only watch upon the authors' demagogic gesticulation and later conclude that the latter have still pursued their narrative as intended." In Cristea-Enache's view, Nedelciu circulated "sophisms" and "sleight of hand", his target reader being someone who, in order not to seem "tasteless, unintelligent and conservative", claims to have enjoyed writings "without substance, structure or form". In 1995, answering to unfavorable comparisons made between the palpable interactivity of electronic literature on one hand and the theoretical interactivity of pre-1989 prose on the other, Nedelciu accused his rival Ion Manolescu of having created, "out a cocktail of confusions, a thesis supported only by [his] inexplicable enthusiasm". For Ştefănescu, the nature of language experiments in <mask> Nedelciu's short fiction is not innovative in its recourse to orality, and its techniques of constrained writing affect the personal message—citing his record of the 1977 prison term, which follows a strict pattern of grammatical conjugation. Like Negrici, the critic also reproaches some of his peers having welcomed Nedelciu as an innovator "out of lassitude or snobbery". Similar points were made by essayist Laszlo Alexandru, who claimed that the lionized mainstream of


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: the 1980s and 90s had artificially promoted a "pyramid structure" dominated by Nedelciu as "The Great Prose Writer", Cărtărescu as "The Great Poet" and Lefter as "The Great Critic".This endorsement clashed with the opinion Laszlo shares, according to which Nedelciu "is far from being even an important prose writer". Although highly critical of Alex Ștefănescu's overall views on literature, Laszlo agreed with his verdicts on Nedelciu. Taking his distance from the negative critical revisions, in particular that contributed by Ştefănescu, Crăciun claimed: "The narratological issues posed by <mask> <mask>'s writing style [...] have been improperly treated—as aspects on their own, isolated from their subjects, situations, characters and contents—[...] because prose experiment in our country is still seen as an extravagant phenomenon, exterior to creation as such, of doubtful value, arousing suspicion when not in fact pejorative labels." Among the most debated aspects of <mask> <mask>'s contribution to literature under communism was his theory that writers could evade the pressures of censorship by appealing to subtext, allusions, irony, and other Postmodern mechanisms, while formally adapting themselves to the exterior ideological aspects. According to literary historian Marcel Cornis-Pope, his approach to testing the "prohibitive boundaries" and "foundations of communist reality" relied on exposing the "dogmatic stagnation" through "bolder experimental fiction", of a kind illustrated by other Eastern European authors: Gabriela Adameşteanu, Péter Esterházy, Danilo Kiš, Sławomir Mrożek, Péter Nádas, Toomas

masks: Mircea Nedelciu Mircea Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: Raudam, Piotr Szewc, Dubravka Ugrešić, and Mati Unt. Nedelciu's stance was retrospectively criticized by as illusory, particularly since, even if it allowed the Optzeciști to penetrate the market, it did not prevent the censorship apparatus from viewing Nedelciu personally with suspicion. The theory also scandalized older authors, in particular the dissidents and the openly anti-communist observers from within the Romanian diaspora: Radio Free Europe contributor Monica Lovinescu referred to Nedelciu as a "socialist textualist".Much debate surrounded the writer's own preface to his Tratament fabulatoriu, which several have read as an endorsement of Nicolae Ceaușescu's regime. Ștefănescu cited its main subject of contention as being the statement that capitalism was inherently hostile toward art, whereas communist states nurtured creativity in order to create a "New Man". According to Laszlo Alexandru, the text enforces the reader's "indignant stupefaction" concerning Nedelciu's promotion by his peers. Such conclusions are contrasted by <mask>'s own account, provided after the Revolution: he recorded having been engaged in a conflict with censors, and argued that the book itself was about escape from the increased pressures of the 1980s. <mask> Mihăieș recalled that, during the writing process for Femeia în roșu, he had confronted his colleague on the issue of his preface being "annoying and false through its leftism, its opportunistic Marxism", and mentioned having received an enraged justification in response. In parallel to such debates, <mask>'s 1982 article, defined by Ștefănescu as "vehement and

masks: Nedelciu Mircea Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 cinemaphilia, reflecting the main characters' obsessions.A secondary element is the erotic tension between Zare and Ana, an ambiguous female character who occasionally and mysteriously expresses herself in an ungrammatical version of Romanian with strong influences from Hungarian. Cornis-Pope sees it as representative for the subtle manner in which Nedelciu, like Stan and Adameșteanu, chose to question "ideological representations" and "official myths" present "at the height of Ceaușescu's 'totalitarian absurd' ". He argues: "Zmeura de cîmpie [...] dramatized the difficulties of extricating the culture's 'soul of facts' from official fictions and the totalistic language of the 'tribe'." For Cornis-Pope, this concern is similar to dissenting reportage authors in Communist Poland and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, such as Ryszard Kapuściński and Miško Kranjec. Taking the book's dedication to veterans of Romania's 1944-1945 campaign as her clue, critic Simona Vasilache discusses the text as a generational epic, stressing that the hidden theme is the fate of anti-fascists entrapped by communism. Daniel Cristea-Enache is highly critical of Zmeura de cîmpie, deeming it "weak and indigestible", and opining that the experimental aspects "no longer enable fiction to breathe, but substitute it." Tratament fabulatoriu, Și ieri va fi o zi, and Femeia în roșu
Tratament fabulatoriu, the preface of which made <mask> Nedelciu the subject of controversy, is Nedelciu's contribution to the fantasy novel, having for its protagonist the meteorologist Luca, whose work assignment in Temelia ("Foundation")


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: swords.We are informed by the sound of trumpets of the retreat into the last redoubt we still can defend (although it can't defend us), and, once we arrive there, we realize that the enemy is a controlled marionette, albeit one masterfully handled by that absolute and pitiless master, the Author." Adina Dinițoiu believes that, contrary to its author's reflections, Tratament fabulatoriu is "<mask> Nedelciu's only fantasy and baroque book"; she also highlights its "mannerist", formalist" and "Bovaryist" characteristics. Noted within Și ieri va fi o zi, the story Probleme cu identitatea ("Identity Problems") is believed by Cordoș as the "peak" of Nedelciu's short fiction. Subtitled Variațiuni în căutarea temei ("Variations in Search of a Theme"), it merges biographical details with imagined elements, recounting in three different ways the journey of Mureşan Vasile (or Murivale), who travels to Bucharest in order to stand wake for poet Nichita Stănescu. Murivale is, in turn, a worker who quits his job, a deserting soldier and a bankrupt visual artist from Timișoara—avatars which allow Nedelciu to expand on the issue of art in general and, in particular, on that of Timișoara's literary environment. By highlighting the awkwardness in his protagonist's dealing with grief, Probleme cu identitatea also reflects the contrast between the fragile everyday and the magnificence presumed of art. Cordoş concludes: "Life is made of cunning, betrayals, affection and exasperation, marital strife and unexpected complicity, which Nedelciu constructs not in antithesis but in a complementary way so that art will acquire, even


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 mention real or imagined details of their own process of researching and writing, or divert it to include episodes about real but not directly relevant personages (such as Canetti and psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud).The focal point and recurring element is autopsy, a procedure in which Sora sees a hidden comment on the very nature of novels: "The rules of a professional autopsy thus become the rules of a novel that is self-aware and aware of literature's (often void) demands." Although she argues that the stated goal of overturning "ancient complexes of the Romanian writer" is left open, Simona Sora sees Femeia în roșu and its "virtuosity" as imposing the autofictional model in front of conventional "artifice". Zodia Scafandrului
<mask>'s unfinished novel, Zodia Scafandrului, is marked by the expectation of death, echoing the final part of its author's life (a period described by Nedelciu's colleague Alexandru Mușina as marked by "generosity, the cult of friendship, a sense of honor and, above all, indifference in the face of death"). Days before dying, the author himself recorded how the expectation had impacted on his writing style: "I know, time now seems to have become very short. It's no longer feasible to put down on paper everything that passes through your mind. You have to make selections, samples. You have to know how to do the opposite of what a tailor does: to measure just once and to cut dozens of times, to discard, to suggest rather than to develop in great detail.But these are things that can be learned." He also commented on the "tricks" his literature had developed in its confrontation with


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: both the threat of death and the debilitating character of his disease: "For example, [describing] in detail a healthy foot, the toes that waggle freely up and down, the mobility of a fine ankle, the play of the shins and thighs in dance—all these things place my hideous adversary in a real crisis of uncertainty. It knows already that my legs belong to it, but I am talking about different legs. There are and will be so many!" Nedelciu also recounted masking his fear of the disease by only referring to it with the euphemism gâlci ("quinsy"). According to both Gheorghe Crăciun and Ion Bogdan Lefter, their friend had a superstition according to which completing his book would accelerate death. Despite the timely constraints, <mask>'s original project may have called for Zodia Scafandrului to be the first section of a larger cycle, structured around the yearly cycle of months.Adina Dinițoiu calls attention to the book's "unsettling biographical genre [...] intensely vibrating the chord of a writing style completely lacking in formalism." She ties it to a final development in Nedelciu's literary attitudes, that in which "profundity" was added to his branch of "microrealism", producing "an ethical and even soteriological connotation". In Lefter's view, the book "may be and must be read—I insist: must be read—in various ways." Its nature, he specifies, is that of a "literary and sociocultural project [...] attempting to reach the profound truths in Romania's 20th century universe", but also that of a memoir offering "the sense to a life." The text, having for its protagonist Nedelciu's alter ego Diogene "Dio"


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: Sava, again speaks of its own genesis, notably by referencing a real-life encounter with Scarlat, a diver for the state commercial fleet Navrom and amateur novelist, who reveals to Nedelciu that writing itself may carry the symptoms of disease. Through the themes of diving and disease, the book filtrates satire of communist politics, as <mask>eauesque design, my mind encrypts the adversities (the chill, the frost) of this entire world I'm living in, this symbolic coldness of Romania's communist society in the year 1989, and the body naturally refuses this exile 'up North'." According to Lefter, <mask> was actually reworking his notion of layered meanings into the diving metaphor, adapting an earlier interest in the techniques of art restoration (in turned provoked by his discussions with muralist Viorel Grimalschi). Sava's literary biography reflects his familiarity with interwar society and its upper class, and again portrays Mateiu Caragiale (this time by fictionalizing Caragiale's activities at his property in Fundulea). The impact of communism and collectivization is reflected as a collective tragedy, and the start of an apparent Bildungsroman, depicting the Sava family's encounters with the Securitate secret police, the life of debauchery he leads in order to liberate himself from pressures, and his employment at the Securitate-led Great Institute of History. The latter is a satirical reworking of historiographic practice under communism, the extreme nationalism of the late Ceauşescu years, and the intrusion of pseudoscientific theories such as protochronism into scientific practice. These episodes

masks: Nedelciust Nedelciu


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 also mark the return of Zare Popescu, the protagonist of Zmeura de cîmpie, who works with Dio at the Institute and whom again experiences life through digressions into historical symbolism, which this time are explicitly about dictatorship. These include an oblique mention of Ceaușescu being convinced that he was about to be replaced by "a Pisces", and Crăciun declared himself "absolutely convinced" that Zodia Scafandrului was supposed to end with an overview of the 1989 Revolution as "December".The narrative takes Diogene to Communist Poland, on a scientific mission which connects him to the Securitate's international schemes, and fictionalizes events related to the Gdańsk Shipyard strikes. Other late works
<mask> <mask>'s other short prose work include his 1998 contribution to erotic literature, which reworked a similar 19th-century piece by the folk writer Ion Creangă (Povestea poveștilor, "Tale of All Tales"), thus seeking to liberate profane language. <mask>, who deemed Creangă "the ballsiest Romanian-language storyteller", placed his version of the story during the late years of communism, describing sexual encounters between female teachers and party activists. Literary critic Paul Cernat commended the work for its "overflowing relish", and concluded on the posthumous relationship between the two authors and their treatment of Romanian folklore: "the genuine storyteller, bearer of the oral, peasant culture in the written from [versus] the Postmodern prose writer, who has seen everything written culture has to offer, returning to the rudimentary, popular roots of his writing". The text was among


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts:
 those rejected by , who claimed: "Ion Creangă's text is not simply picturesque, it is refined and full of charm, while <mask> <mask>'s, fashioned in a cold manner, lacking the joy of storytelling, is merely vulgar." Several other scattered prose fragments were discovered only after Nedelciu died. Among them is Uriaşa şi ciudata pasăre a viselor noastre ("The Giant and Weird Bird in Our Dreams"), which seems to refer to his countryside escapades with Ion Dumitriu and others.Literary critic Carmen Muşat advances a hypothesis according to which the undated work dates ca. 1990, basing it on various clues in the text. She also describes the "key" of the piece as being provided by its motto, "Now that we are done creating the world, what's left for us other than recreating it?" This, the critic argues, results in a "representative text for <mask> <mask>'s prose", or "a story told with naturalness and well-tempered irony, about the ambiguity of relations between the narrator, the characters and the reader, about their double rooting in reality and textuality, as well as about their adventures in this 'through the looking-glass country' that is literature." The main intertextual reference in this case is Ernest Hemingway: Uriaşa şi ciudata pasăre a viselor noastre transmits images or sections of text borrowed from The Snows of Kilimanjaro, Hills Like White Elephants and The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber. Legacy
Nedelciu has been voted among Romania's most important novelists in 2001, following a poll by Observator Cultural review: out of 150 novels, Femeia în roşu was voted 23rd-best, with Tratament


title: Mircea Nedelciu

texts: fabulatoriu at 28 and Zmeura de cîmpie at 139. An edition of Zodia Scafandrului was published in 2000, sparking debates about the appropriateness of circulating unfinished versions of one's work.Nedelciu's posthumous bibliography also includes a 1999 selection of his entire work (under the collective title Aventuri într-o curte interioară) and a 2003 version of Femeia în roşu, as well as the collection Proză scurtă ("Short Prose" or "The Mircea Nedelciu Reader"). They were followed by a reprint of Zmeura... and third editions of Tratament fabulatoriu (2006) and Femeia în roșu (2008). Several other of his stories saw print in stages after his death (including Uriașa și ciudata pasăre a viselor noastre, published by Observator Cultural in July 2008). In addition to <mask> Mihăieș, who recounts having learned the techniques of novelistic writing from his friend, a new generation of authors, most of whom debuted in the 1990s, assimilated influences from the writings of Nedelciu. Among them are Dan Lungu, Sorin Stoica, Lucian Dan Teodorovici, Andrei Bodiu, and Călin Torsan. Nedelciu's reworking of Povestea poveștilor, alongside Creangă's original and similar texts, was transformed into an eponymous fringe theater show, directed by actor Gheorghe Hibovski and premiered in spring 2009. According to critic Cornel Ungureanu, Femeia în roșu has endured as "the manifesto of Optzeciști prose writers, an exemplary work of autochthonous Postmodernism", while its main character, Ana Cumpănaș, has grown into "the actual aunt of autochthonous Postmodernism."However, Daniel Cristea-Enache claimed, Nedelciu has become a


title: Galina Ustvolskaya

texts:
<mask> ( , 17 June 1919 – 22 December 2006), was a Russian composer of classical music. Early years
Born in Petrograd, Ustvolskaya studied from 1937 to 1939 at the college attached to the Leningrad Conservatory (later renamed the Rimsky-Korsakov Conservatory). From 1947 till 1977 she taught composition at this college. In 1939 she entered Dmitri Shostakovich's composition class at the Conservatory as the only female student in his class. Her composition teacher said of her:

Shostakovich sent some of his own as yet unfinished works to Ustvolskaya, attaching great value to her comments. Some of these pieces even contain quotations from his pupil's compositions; for example, he employed the second theme of the Finale of her clarinet trio throughout the Fifth String Quartet and in the Michelangelo Suite (no. 9).The intimate spiritual and artistic relationship between the two composers has been compared to that of Schoenberg and Webern. Ustvolskaya was a pupil of Shostakovich from 1939 to 1941 and from 1947 to 1948, but her works from the 1950s onwards retain little influence of his style. Until 1961 none of her true works were performed other than patriotic pieces written for official consumption. The middle of the 1960s witnessed greater tolerance for modernist


title: Galina Ustvolskaya

texts:
 of <mask> <mask> is not "avant-garde" in the commonly accepted sense of the term and for this reason was not openly censured in the USSR. However, she was accused of being unwilling to communicate and of "narrowness" and "obstinacy". It is only in the recent past that her critics have begun to realize that these supposed deficiencies are in fact the distinguishing qualities of her music.The composer Boris Tishchenko has aptly compared the "narrowness" of her style to the concentrated light of a laser beam that is capable of piercing metal. <mask> <mask>'s works of the 1940—1970s sometimes sound as if they had been written today. Her specific idealism is informed by an almost fanatical determination; this should be construed not only as a typically Russian trait, but also – in terms of Dostoyevsky – as a "Saint Petersburgian" one. Shostakovich wrote to her:

All of Ustvolskaya's works are large-scaled in intent, no matter how long they are or how many players are involved. Ustvolskaya's music is largely based on tension and density. She proclaimed in the 1990s “The tremendous power and aspiration to God, which are inherent in each composition, do not even allow to formally apply the term chamber to them. Ustvolskaya considers her compositional technique to be

masks: Galina Ustvolskaya Galina Ustvolskaya


title: Galina Ustvolskaya

texts:
 completely new, individual and not amenable to theoretical analysis.”

Religion
All the symphonies have parts for solo voices, the latter four having religious texts, while the compositions have religious subtitles.The spiritual aspect of the compositions and symphonies invites a superficial comparison with her contemporary Sofia Gubaidulina, although unlike the latter Ustvolskaya was not a practising believer and these works are far from professions of Christian faith. The texts are either conventional invocations or, in the case of the fifth symphony, the Lord's Prayer. As Frans Lemaire has written, "Most of the time, the words present themselves as a murmured complaint or an insistent supplication, as opposed to the cosmic indifference of the music". In literature
<mask>'s relationship with Shostakovich from her time as a student through the 1950s is characterized in William T. Vollmann's National Book Award-winning historical fiction Europe Central. Legacy and remembrance
Ustvolskaya died in Saint Petersburg. Her estate is managed by her husband of 43 years Konstantin Bagrenin (1941). Her manuscripts are stored in the archive of the Paul Sacher Stiftung since 1994.Works

Ustvolskaya's oeuvre is small, with only 21 pieces in her characteristic style (i.e.


title: Galina Ustvolskaya

texts:
 7865
– Rissin / Rissin-Morenova SST 30211

Symphony No.1
– Malov / Liss / Ural Philharmonic Orchestra (CD) Megadisc MDC 7856 (2000)

Symphony No. 2 – True and Eternal Bliss
– The St. Petersburg Soloists / Malov / Liss  Megadisc MDC 7858

Symphony No. 3 – Jesus Messiah, Save Us! – The St. Petersburg Soloists / Malov / Liss Megadisc MDC 7858
– Symphonieorchester des Bayerische n Rundfunks / Stenz / Sherstanoi Megadisc MDC 7858

Symphony No. 4 – Prayer
– van Vliet / Konink / Denyer / Meeuwsen Etcetera KTC 1170, Megadisc MDC 8000
– Marrs / Keemss / Miller / Sperber Mediaphon MED 72 115
– The St. Petersburg Soloists / Malov / Liss Megadisc MDC 7858

Symphony No. 5 – Anen
– Leiferkus / Fletcher / Bohling / Hultmark / Powell / Cole / Stephenson  CONIFER 75605 51 194-2
– The St. Petersburg Soloists / Malov / Liss MEGADISC MDC 7858

Twelve Preludes for Piano
– Schroeder Hat Art CD 6130
– Malov Megadisc MDC 7867
– Arden* Koch 37 301-2 H1

Trio for Clarinet, Violin and Piano
– Beths / de Boer / de Leeuw* Hat Art CD 6115
– Keser / Anderson / Denyer* Etcetera KTC 1170
– Shustin / Feodorov / Malov Megadisc MDC 7865

References

Viktor Suslin: The music of Spiritual Independence: <mask> Ustvolskaya in «Ex oriente...I» Ten Composers from the former USSR. Viktor Suslin,


title: Galina Ustvolskaya

texts:
 Dmitri Smirnov, Arvo Pärt, Yury Kasparov, Galina Ustvolskaya, Nikolai Sidelnikov, Elena Firsova Vladimir Martynov, Andrei Eshpai, Boris Chaikovsky.Edited by Valeria Tsenova (studia slavica musicologica, Bd. 25), Verlag Ernst Kuhn – Berlin. pp. 207–266 (in English)
Lemaire, Frans. Notes to Symphonies 2,3,4 and 5. Megadisc MDC 7854. Simon Bokman.Variations on the Theme <mask> Ustvolskaya. Translated by Irina Behrendt. (studia slavica musicologica, Bd.40), Verlag Ernst Kuhn - Berlin,2007. (in English)
Rachel Jeremiah-Foulds: 'An Extraordinary Relationship and Acrimonious Split - <mask> <mask> and Dmitri Shostakovich' in Mitteilungen der Paul Sacher Stiftung, No. 23, April 2010. Rachel Jeremiah-Foulds: 'Spiritual Independence or a Cultural Norm? <mask> <mask> and the Znamenny Raspev' in Church, State and Nation in Orthodox Church Music, Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Orthodox Church Music, University of Joensuu, Finland - 8–14 June 2009.External links
Official site

Music under Soviet Rule:The Lady With The Hammer

1919 births
2006 deaths
20th-century classical composers
Russian women classical composers
Russian classical composers
Soviet classical composers
Soviet composers
Soviet women classical composers
Soviet women

masks: Galina Galina Ustvolskaya Galina Ustvolskaya


title: Nava Semel

texts:
<mask> (; September 15, 1954 – December 2, 2017) was an Israeli author, playwright, screenwriter and translator. Her short story collection Kova Zekhukhit  (Hat of Glass) was the first work of fiction published in Israel to address the topic of the "Second Generation"—children of Holocaust survivors. Early life and education
<mask> was born 1954 in Jaffa, daughter of Yitzhak Artzi, a politician and member of the Knesset, and Mimi (Margalit), a survivor of the Auschwitz concentration camp and Kleineshenau. Her maternal grandmother was the sister of Rabbi Meir Shapiro. She was the younger sister of Israeli rock musician Shlomo Artzi. She had an MA in art history from Tel Aviv University. Career
Semel published 16 books, plays, opera libretti, poetry and screenplays.She also wrote plays and translated for the Hebrew stage. Her acclaimed novel And the Rat Laughed was adapted into an opera libretto in 2005. Critical reception
Her works have been translated into many languages and published in many countries. Recurring themes
Her work focuses on the "second generation" (children of Holocaust survivors) in Israel. Her characters are native born Israelis, who confront their identity issues and deal with the scars of the painful past. Public projects and activism
<mask> was a member of the Board of Directors of Massuah, the Institute for Holocaust Studies at Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak, and for many years was a member of the Board of Governors of Yad Vashem. She was also on the Board of Directors of the "New Foundation for Television and Cinema".Personal life
<mask> <mask> was married to Noam <mask>, the Director General of the Cameri Theatre of Tel Aviv, and mother of three children. She lived in Tel Aviv,

masks:
Nava Semel
Nava Semel
Semel
Nava
Semel
Semel


title: Nava Semel

texts: the Israeli stage for 11 years. It has also been produced as a radio play by the BBC London, Radio France, Radio Belgium, Radio Spain, Radio Ireland, six radio stations in Germany, Radio Austria and Radio Romania.It won the "Best Radio Drama" award in Austria 1996, and released on CD. New Broadcast in Austria 2008. On the stage it was performed in Rome (1990), New York (1991), Los Angeles (1996), Prague (1997), Sibiu Theatre Festival (2004), Resita Theatre in Romania (2005), State Theatre of Ankara, Turkey (2005), Lodz Theatre - Poland (2006), Bucharest Theatre (2007). New production in Israel in Arabic 2006 with actress-singer Amal Murkus. The play was published as a print book in 1988 and an e-book in 2002. Saying Kaddish and Leave – a screenplay for a documentary on the Holocaust of the Jews in Romania. Produced by the Israeli Educational TV in 1999.Thousand Calories. TV drama, produced by the Israeli 2nd channel, 2002. An Old Man. Monodrama, produced by the Israeli Theatre for Young People 2003. And the Rat Laughed. Opera based on the novel, composed by Ella Milch-Sheriff, directed by Oded Kotler. Produced by the Israeli Chamber Orchestra and the Cameri Theatre of Tel Aviv.World Premiere April 2005. The opera ran on the stage of the Cameri Theatre until 2009. <mask> <mask> and Ella Milch-Sheriff won the "Rosenblum Award" of the City of Tel Aviv. The opera was performed also in Warsaw 2006, Sibiu Festival 2007 and the National Theatre in Bucharest 2007. A new production of the opera opened in 2009 in Toronto, Canada on the stage of Opera York. It was performed in Hebrew. Sneaking into the Bible.Song cycle on biblical themes, composed by Ella Milch-Sheriff. Ramat Gan Chamber Choir,

masks: Nava Semel


title: Nava Semel

texts:
 conducted by Hanna Tsur. Premiered at the Abu Gosh Music Festival in 2005. Performed also at Tzavta Theatre 2005 and Ramat Gan Theatre 2007. There in the World That Is New. Musical, 6 minute-piece on a girl on her journey to Israel after the Holocaust. Composed by Ella Milch-Sheriff.Performed by Li-Ron Choir Herzliya, conducted by Ronit Shapira, Torchlight Assembly, Holocaust Memorial Day 2008 at Massuah, Institute for Holocaust Studies, Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak. Live broadcast on cable TV HOT. Ballad of Three Prophets. Ten-minute musical piece on the three faiths, composed by Ella Milch-Sheriff. Performed by Moran Choir, conducted by Neomi Faran. Premiered at the Song Bridge Festival, Poland on May 8, 2008. Performed also on Holocaust International Commemoration Day 2009 at Massuah, Institute for Holocaust Studies, Kibbutz Tel Yitzhak.Whereabouts Unknown. TV drama about new immigrants upon their arrival to Israel in 1949. Produced by the Israeli Television- First Channel (Director: Yahli Bergman) 2010. References

External links
 <mask> Semel Official website
 <mask> <mask> at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature (ITHL)
 "<mask> Semel talks about the Jewish tragedy and the act of remembering", Interview with Bookaholic Romania, 23 March 2015

1954 births
2017 deaths
Israeli female dramatists and playwrights
Israeli female screenwriters
Israeli novelists
Israeli people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
Israeli poets
Tel Aviv University alumni
Israeli women novelists
Israeli women poets
Recipients of Prime Minister's Prize for Hebrew Literary Works
Deaths from cancer in Israel
Burials at Kiryat Shaul Cemetery
Jewish women writers
People from

masks: Nava Nava Semel Nava


title: Milton Meltzer

texts:
<mask> (May 8, 1915 – September 19, 2009) was an American historian and author best known for his nonfiction books on Jewish, African-American, and American history. Since the 1950s, he was a prolific author of history books in the children's literature and young adult literature genres, having written nearly 100 books. Meltzer was an advocate for human rights, as well as an adjunct professor for the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He won the biennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Award for his career contribution to American children's literature in 2001. Meltzer died of esophageal cancer in 2009. Personal life

<mask> was born in Worcester, Massachusetts to Benjamin and <mask>, semi-literate immigrants from Austria-Hungary. One of three sons, Meltzer was the only child to graduate from high school, furthering his education at Columbia University from 1932 to 1936, he had to drop out of college before graduating to support his family after his father died of cancer.Meltzer became a staff writer for the Works Project Administration, a program designed by the Federal Government to provide jobs for the millions of unemployed during the Great Depression where he worked until 1939. Meltzer was a staunch advocate for human rights, and much of his work he claimed was his way of speaking out against injustices and dictatorships. Meltzer wed Hilda "Hildy" Balinky on June 22, 1941. Meltzer served in the military during World War II, and rose to the rank of sergeant. After serving during the war, Meltzer became a writer for the CBS radio broadcasting network and then took an executive position with the pharmaceutical company Pfizer. While traveling the country for

masks:
Milton Meltzer
Meltzer
Mary Meltzer