title: Annie Coolidge Rust

texts: obliged to give up her position and return to Boston. Not long after, a lady came to Boston to secure a teacher for a private school near New York City and <mask> was engaged for this position. One of the mothers, a patron, sending three children to the school, was so pleased that she invited <mask> to come to live in her home, which she did, and remained through one school year, teaching the older children music on kindergarten principles, at the same time that she was holding her position as teacher of the private school. At the close of this school year, <mask> was invited to visit the family at their summer home on the seashore.From there, she was called South by her father and mother, to assist in the disposition of some family property. She remained South through a part of the summer until this was accomplished, the family returning in the autumn to their own house in Boston. A parent who had heard of <mask> through Madame Kreige desired that she should open a private kindergarten at <mask>'s own house, saying she would secure pupils for her from her own friends, which she did. The arrangement pleased <mask> as she was able to do more for the children under this arrangement. Subsequently, a lengthy article appeared in the Boston Transcript, written by one of the pupil's mothers relating to <mask>'s work. As a result, there were many visitors to the kindergarten. An educator from Chicago, after a visit to the school, pronounced the education to be exemplary, and said that he would like to take some of the material as a means of rendering instruction to students in some of the higher levels.The class increased in numbers, until a larger room was needed. Here a Mothers' Class was started; and, as <mask> considered herself too much of a novice to assume the responsibility of this class, at her request Elizabeth Peabody took the charge. After one of the patrons of this school removed to Brookline, arrangements were made for an afternoon kindergarten to be established in her home to be run by <mask>. This kindergarten was carried on until the city classes had grown to such a size that they required <mask>'s full attention. Children were received from three years of

masks: Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust


title: Annie Coolidge Rust

type: original

texts: age, until the age of 12. All the instruction was given upon Froebelian principles. In the meantime, the school had grown to such a size that a house was taken, and <mask> associated herself with a kindergarten-trained mother; they together undertaking the establishment of a Kindergarten Normal Class for young ladies.At this time it was deemed advisable to establish a school in a new location out of the city, with larger grounds. A location quite near Boston was decided upon and a kindergarten was soon started by <mask>, and after three years' time here again were the different classes above the kindergarten department. It was impossible to secure suitable rooms for the size of the school, and for this reason, for a time, the school was limited to nearly one-half, consequently the patrons decided to build a model building, with the understanding that <mask> should hire the building and carry on her school. During the summer, <mask> was often consulted as to the best arrangement of the building, and helped in its plans, she coming for this purpose several times from the seashore at Magnolia where she usually passed her summers, having nature-study classes, thus collecting specimens of sea flora, minerals, and so forth, for the fall classes of the new school. But when <mask> realized she would be unable to make it the model school she desired, or add to it her Kindergarten Normal Classes, she sought other opportunities. About this time, an urgent appeal came to <mask> from a Western city to accept the position of head instructor in a Kindergarten Normal Class, which had been started by the Free Kindergarten Association, and also as instructor in one of the free kindergartens, numbering 100 children, started that autumn, both of which she accepted. She was also very successful with the Normal Class.But the climate of that city, with its strong lake winds, was too severe for <mask>, and she was suddenly taken will with pneumonia. Upon her recovery, she was unable to resume her work there, so she returned to Boston After a short rest, she was advised to go to an inland city, and having an opportunity to purchase in Worcester a private school, of children from 3–12 years

masks: Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust Rust


title: Annie Coolidge Rust

texts:
 of age, she accepted, naming it the Froebel School, at the same time starting a Kindergarten Normal Class, being urged to do this by a member of the Massachusetts Board of Education, as there was no such Training School in Worcester. Her work there was successful, graduating large classes. <mask> also gave talks before different clubs in that city and elsewhere. After several years of successful work in Worcester, <mask> realized that she was shut off from many things with which she needed to keep in touch in order to grow. She then returned to her former home, Boston, where she would have certain advantages, and here re-established herself in her Kindergarten Normal Classes. Although urged by former pupils, being now parents, to again organize a kindergarten and school for children, she decided to give her time to the instruction of Normal Classes only (at the New Century Building) and to give talks before clubs.Miss <mask> <mask>'s Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes
<mask>'s Froebel School of Kindergarten Normal Classes occupied the Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston. The aim of the school was to prepare young women as kindergarten, primary, and playground teachers, and to give non-professional courses. Supplementary classes were offered in history and principles of education, symbolic education, music, voice training, physical training applied to games; also special lectures by educators, observation and practice teaching, and a short course in Montessori methods. Affiliations
<mask> was a member of the American Froebel Union; this became the Kindergarten Department of the National Educational Association. She was a member of the Eastern Kindergarten Association, the National Education Association, the International Kindergarten Union, and the Women's Educational and Industrial Union. She was formerly a member of the Worcester Woman's Club, and helped to organize the Women in Council Club, Roxbury, Massachusetts. She belonged to Trinity Church, Boston.References

Attribution

Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
American women educators
Educators from Virginia
19th-century American women
Founders of schools in the United States
Women

masks:
Rust
Rust
Annie Coolidge
Rust
Rust
Rust


title: Yossele Rosenblatt

texts:
Josef "<mask><mask> (May 9, 1882 – June 19, 1933) was a Ukrainian-born chazzan (cantor) and composer. He was regarded as the greatest cantor of his time. Biography
<mask> was born on May 9, 1882, in Bila Tserkva, Russian Empire. The scion of a long line of cantors, Rosenblatt's devoutly religious upbringing prevented him from receiving formal musical training at any of the great academies of his day. He began his career as a member of the local synagogue choir. Quickly lauded as a "wunderkind", or child prodigy, Rosenblatt's solo career was launched. At the age of 7, he moved with his family to Sadigora, Bukovina (Austria).When he was 17 years old, <mask> went to Vienna for several months, during which he officiated in the largest synagogues of the city. He informally studied with Jacob Maerz, an accomplished singer and musician as well as a wealthy merchant. <mask>'s stay in Vienna was followed by an extensive tour of the communities of the Austro-Hungarian empire including Budapest. At 18 he married Taube Kaufman and accepted his first full-time position at the Chasidic community of Munkacs, Hungary. Shortly afterwards, in 1901, he relocated to Pressburg (Bratislava). Five years later he occupied a position in Hamburg, Germany. In 1912, he moved to Harlem to take a position at the Ohab Zedek orthodox congregation.In August 1927, he left his position at the Ohab Zedek congregation. During the following High Holy Days, he led the services in a hall in Chicago and, on Sukkot, in Detroit. During the succeeding months, he traveled throughout the United States, leading services in cities such as Minneapolis,

masks:
Yossele
" Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt


title: Yossele Rosenblatt

texts:
 Seattle, Indianapolis, Columbus, Milwaukee, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. In Washington, D.C., he met with then-President Calvin Coolidge. In 1928, he signed a 10-year contract with First Congregation Anshe Sfard, located in Borough Park, Brooklyn. Rosenblatt's fame extended beyond the Jewish world earning him large concert fees, a singing role in the 1927 film The Jazz Singer, and the sobriquet "The Jewish Caruso". Bankruptcy
In the early 1920s, Rosenblatt was approached by two men who wanted to start a new Jewish newspaper in New York – they asked him to be a part of the enterprise.It excited him. He thought it would lead to a lot of money and at last financial freedom, so he signed on. But by signing on, he signed on as what appears to be a guarantor of the financial success of the venture. It was not financially successful, Rosenblatt used up his savings as well as a lot of his current income, but the creditors kept gaining on him. In January 1925, the  failure of the newspaper venture forced <mask> <mask> to file for bankruptcy. Although legally freed of most of his debts, he vowed to repay them anyway. <mask> was then offered a chance to participate in the making of a film in Mandatory Palestine.Although payment would depend again on the financial success of the film, he decided to take another chance. For one thing, it would get him away from his creditors, and for another, it would allow him to see Palestine, where he had never been. With his wife and two youngest children (some of his older children were adults, and they took in their other younger siblings to permit their parents to travel), he

masks:
Yossele
Rosenblatt
Israel Rosenblatt


title: Yossele Rosenblatt

texts:
 realistic soprano falsetto as a method of easing the strain on his overworked voice. A prolific composer, more than one hundred and eighty pieces of his have been preserved. Rosenblatt's great-grandsons include Rabbi Dr. <mask> of the Riverdale Jewish Center and Rabbi Andrew <mask> of Congregation Schara Tzedeck in Vancouver. Since the 78 RPM era, Rosenblatt's recordings have been re-issued many times in LP and CD format. In recent years, a set of 3 CDs Od Yosef Chai containing restored versions of 78s of Rosenblatt's performances has been issued by Mostly Music and Galpaz Music, a Brooklyn record store.Rosenblatt's records and singing were featured in the 2009 drama A Serious Man. External links

 <mask> <mask>, Selected Recitatives (sheet music)
 David Olivestone: Standing Room Only. The Remarkable Career of Cantor <mask> Rosenblatt
 First Chazzanut Online article on "Yosef (Yossele) Rosenblatt"
 Second Chazzanut Online article on "Yosef (Yossele) Rosenblatt"
 "The Man with the $50,000 Beard: How a cantor became an American music legend"
 <mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. <mask> <mask>'s Bankruptcy

References

1882 births
1933 deaths
Jewish American musicians
Hazzans
American male composers
20th-century American composers
Columbia Records artists
Ukrainian Jews
American Orthodox Jews
American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent
American emigrants to Israel
People from Bila Tserkva
Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
Jewish Israeli musicians
People from Borough Park, Brooklyn
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
Jewish

masks:
Jonathan Rosenblatt
Rosenblatt
Yossele
Rosenblatt
Yossele
Josef Rosenblatt
Yossele
Rosenblatt


title: Samuel Klein (scholar)

texts:
<mask> (; lived 17 November 1886 – 21 April 1940) was a Hungarian-born rabbi, historian and historical geographer in Mandatory Palestine. Biography
Born in Hungary to Idel Hertzfeld and to <mask>, a rabbi of Szilas-Balhas in western Hungary, he initially received a traditional Jewish education (1893–1897), graduating from the Government Gymnasium at Budapest in 1905. From there he went on to study at the Jewish Theological Seminary in Berlin where he was ordained in the rabbinate. From 1906 to 1909, he was enrolled at the Hochschule für Wissenschaft des Judentums, and in the Friedrich-Wilhelm University of Berlin, before advancing to Heidelberg University where he wrote a thesis entitled: Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas (Leipzig 1909) (Contributions to the Geography and History of Galilee), his first important contributions to the science of Historical Topography of the Holy Land. In it, he gave an incisive analysis of the topographical and historical material preserved in the liturgical poems of Kalir, and by which novel work he received in 1909 his PhD. He served as a rabbi in the city of Tuzla in Bosnia from 1909 to 1913, during which time, in 1911, the Association for Jewish Studies in Berlin awarded him a research grant of 500 Marks which enabled him to conduct research in Palestine. After he had taken a wife in 1913, he then served as the rabbi of the town of Érsekújvár (Nové Zámky) (1913-1928).During the First

masks:
Samuel Klein
Avraham Zvi Klein


title: Samuel Klein (scholar)

texts:
 World War, <mask> was conscripted in the Austro-Hungarian army as a rabbi, and became the patron and benefactor of some 200 refugees who came to Nové Zámky in search of a new life. In 1924, <mask> became the first professor of the newly opened Institute of Jewish Studies, which was to form part of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1927, <mask> was an instructor at the Hebrew Pedagogical Institute in Vienna, an institute involved in training of Hebrew teachers for the countries of Central Europe and the Balkans. In 1929 he immigrated to Mandatory Palestine where he began work as Professor of Geography of the Land of Israel at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and worked in this capacity until his death. While at the Hebrew University, <mask> was chairperson of the Historical Topography of Palestine. He is the author of many books and articles, both in Hebrew and in German, mostly treating on the subject of historical geography. <mask>'s research on the geography of the Land of Israel has helped promote a greater understanding of the map of ancient Israel / Palestine, and whose works have been incorporated in Hebrew schools in the Diaspora and in Israel.Death and legacy
In Mandatory Palestine, he became a member of the Hebrew Language Committee, as well as participated in committees on Geography and Archaeology. In his final years, he served as the President of the Jewish Palestine Exploration Society, a consortium of British

masks: Klein Klein Klein Klein Klein


title: Samuel Klein (scholar)

texts:
 Mandate scholars. He died at the age of 53 in his home in the Bukharim quarter of Jerusalem on the eve of Passover, 1940, and was buried at the cemetery on the Mount of Olives. Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, William F. Albright, and David Yellin wrote moving eulogies of the man upon his death. In the words of Albright: "<mask> represents Jewish philological research at its best; his erudition was exhaustive, covering Graeco-Roman as well as Hebrew and Aramaic sources; his critical judgment was sound and highly developed; his acumen and insight into complex historical and topographical situations were unsurpassed among specialists in the field." <mask>'s greatest contribution to scholastic research is his identification of old place names in Palestine during the classical period, drawn principally from the Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, and from the writings of Josephus in transliterated Greek form, as well as from other epigraphic texts of antiquity. Published works (partial list)
 <mask> (n.d.).Weinstock, Feigenbaum und Sykomore in Palästina (The Vine, Fig Tree and Sycamore in Palestine), (publisher unknown)
 Ditto  (1908). "Der hebräische Name der Battof-Ebene", in: Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins (ZDPV – Journal of the German Society for Exploration of Palestine)
 Ditto  (1909). "Barajta der vierundzwanzig Priesterabteilungen" (Baraitta of the Twenty-Four Priestly Divisions), in: Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte

masks:
Samuel Klein
Klein
Samuel Klein


title: Musiri Subramania Iyer

texts:
<mask> (9 April 1899 – 25 March 1975) was a Carnatic vocalist whose stage performing career spanned the 1920s to the 1940s. After retirement from the stage, he remained an iconic figure in Carnatic music as a dedicated teacher and leader in the Carnatic community. His bhava-laden renditions of Carnatic songs have become the measuring stick for generations of Carnatic vocalists. <mask> is one of the giants of Carnatic music in this century. Early life - career

<mask> was born in Bommalapalayam in the Trichy district of Tamil Nadu. His father, Sankara Sastry was a Sanskrit pandit. One of three siblings, he lost his mother, Seethalakshmi, as a boy and his sister Rajathi passed when she was but a child.His family was poor—in later life <mask> seldom spoke about those early years. He married Nagalakshmi when he was 14 years old. <mask> <mask> <mask> learned to fluently speak, read and write in English when he was 17. Inspired by the singing of a popular acting star of those days, S. G. Kittappa, he decided to become a musician. Like Kittappa, <mask> had a strong vocal range in the higher octaves, and could imitate the former's hit songs with ease. <mask> <mask> <mask>'s initial training in music was under S. Narayanaswamy <mask> for two years, before moving to Chennai for more serious studies with violinist Karur Chinnaswami <mask>. Due to a lack of time to devote to teaching, Chinnaswami sent him to become the disciple of renowned vocal teacher T.S.Sabhesa <mask> who lived in Purasawalkam. <mask> <mask> <mask>  trained with him for 9 years in the guru shishya parampara, learning his guru's particular way of performing neraval that <mask> <mask> <mask> would later become famous for. He made his debut in Chennai in 1920. His name was announced as "<mask> <mask> of Musiri" and the name stuck. (As per tradition in India, the town the artist hails from is sometimes added as a prefix to ones name, honoring the town while simultaneously giving a

masks:
Musiri Subramania Iyer
Musiri Subramania Iyer
Musiri Subramania Iyer
Musiri
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Iyer
Iyer
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Musiri
Subramania
Iyer
Subramania
Iyer


title: Musiri Subramania Iyer

texts: distinction of a specific geographical nature to the artist, such as Chembai Vaidyanatha Bhagavatar, etc.) Given that Musiri was not born in Musiri, accounts differ as to why the name Musiri was added to his name. Musiri once stated that it was simply because Musiri was a more well known location than Musiri's home town of Bommalapalayam, and easier to say as a prefix.Whatever the case, <mask> <mask> <mask>  was a prolific and expert performer, and within 10 years his reputation as a master musician across India was sealed. In his career, the popularity of Musiri and his name reached every corner of India. His 78 rpm gramophone records were successful to the point that the audience would sometimes demand he sing songs in the exact way as heard on the record. Beginning with the krithi Nagumomu, everything Musiri recorded were best sellers. Nagumomu was a song that, previous to Musiri, was only sung in the Abheri raga, as India's Trinity composer Tyagaraja is thought to have composed it in Abheri. However, <mask> <mask> <mask>  felt that the song sounded more emotional in the Karnataka Devagandhari raga, (a similar but subtly different raga) and he sang and recorded Nagumomu with Karnataka Devagandhari. Carnatic music is an exacting music that places large importance on tradition.Therefore, <mask> <mask> <mask>'s rendition of the song in a different raga than it was originally written caused outrage in many Carnatic musical purists. But <mask> stuck to his decision. Given that <mask> was a devotee of Tyagaraja, taking liberty with Tyagaraja's song was out of freedom of spontaneous expression and not out of irreverence. As a point of fact, Nagumomu sounded so suited to Karnataka Devagandhari raga that everyone began to perform it in the "Musiri Subramania Iyer way", artists such as Bangalore Nagarathnamma, M. S. Subbulakshmi, and Bhanumathi Ramakrishna. Other songs that became popular and became recognizable through Musuri's signature touch were

masks: Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Musiri


title: Musiri Subramania Iyer

texts: Enta vetukondu in Saraswathi Manohari raga, Enthu daginado in todi raga, Tiruvadi caranam in Kambhoji, Enraikki shiva kripai in Mukhari, and Vritta shenjadai ada, a ragamala. <mask> <mask> <mask>  acted in the role of Sant Tukaram in the eponymous film. Though the film is out of print, <mask> <mask> <mask> 's songs in the film have stood the test of time.<mask> <mask> <mask>  did not like acting in the film, citing that acting with women, make up and bright lights made him uncomfortable. <mask> <mask> <mask> 's guru also warned him against acting in the film, knowing that <mask> <mask> <mask>  had struggled with lung illness in the past, and the damp climate in Coimbatore might affect his health. For financial reasons, <mask> accepted the acting part. The exertions he underwent during the making of the film is thought to have resulted in lifelong lung trouble for <mask> <mask> <mask>, forcing his early retirement from live performance in 1945 at 46 years of age. Though retired from the concert circuit, <mask> <mask> <mask>  was active in many Carnatic music affairs throughout India. He was appointed as the first principal of the Central College of Carnatic Music, Chennai in 1949. During his tenure, he influenced a whole generation of musicians, retiring in 1965.He was also the Honorary Secretary and Treasurer of Sri Tyagaraja Brahma Mahotsava Sabha, and was responsible for organizing the annual aradhana of Tyagaraja's passing, at his samādhi in Thiruvaiyaru. The annual celebration of Tyagaraja's music is the largest musical gathering in India, and continues to this day. <mask> <mask> <mask> is also credited for his key role in the unification of various factions associated with the Aradhana. In another instance, during a function, Ganesan <mask>, a leading lawyer during that time in Dindukkal also an ardent Karnatic rasika happened to sing in the presence of <mask> <mask> <mask>i. After he completed his song, someone had asked <mask> <mask>

masks: Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania


title: Musiri Subramania Iyer

texts:
 <mask> to rate the performance. Not quite impressed by the performance, <mask> <mask> <mask> ready vittedly said his singing was comparable to how <mask> <mask> <mask> would have performed as an advocate. This was quoted by Ganesan <mask> on many occasions.Place in Carnatic music

Renowned for his high pitched voice and tonal purity (known in Carnatic music as sruti), <mask> <mask> <mask>  was considered a great exponent of bhava, bringing out the full emotional content of each krithi that he sang. His patanthara of several krithis has his special stamp, which can be easily recognized when they are rendered by his disciples. He was a specialist in neraval singing and also vilamba sangitham, a slower tempo song designed to exude tranquility and bring out the full emotional content of the ragas and krithis that he rendered. Semmangudi Srinivasa <mask>, who was a contemporary of <mask> <mask> <mask>, said "<mask> <mask> <mask>  brought gauravam (dignity) to our profession." He also heralded <mask>'s dedication to bhava by saying "He used to be so lost in bhava that he never thought of evoking any response." In the All India Radio archives catalog, this introduction was written: "Vocalist of mesmerizing melodies <mask> <mask> <mask>, was the repository of pathos, piety and poignancy. He was more at home in the pristine heights of upper octave than at any other.The enlightened and the lay had always rushed to the concert hall to hear the soulful melody of <mask> <mask> <mask> which had become the subject to talk in innumerable households. His audience got soaked in emotions and feelings that were at once human and divine." <mask> <mask> <mask>  was not only a respected musician but also a sought-after teacher. His special contribution is the number of disciples he trained in his own home, all of whom have attained distinction in their own right. In fact his shishya parampara is so well recognized, his style of rendering krithis has come to be known

masks: Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer


title: Musiri Subramania Iyer

texts:
 as the Musiri School. Well known disciples include N. Rajam Musiri M.R.Gopala Rathnam, T. K. Govinda Rao, Bombay Sisters C. Saroja & C. Lalitha, Thylamba Krishnan, Mani Krishnaswamy, K. S. Venkataraman, Suguna Purushothaman and Suguna Varadachari. The <mask> <mask> <mask> Bani is carried out to the next generation by these great Vidwans and Vidushis.Some of the students under <mask> <mask> <mask>  Bani are Vocalists Kum K. Gayatri, Kum. Vidya Kalyanaraman, Sakuntala Narasimhan, Sri. Prasanna Venkatraman, Jayam Venkateshwaran and others. Awards

Before the Sangeetha Kalanidhi award existed, the highest honor possible in 1939 was to be invited as the President of the Annual Conference by the Madras Music Academy. <mask> <mask> <mask>  was invited to be President of the Annual Conference that year, and was awarded the Sangeetha Kalanidhi by the Music Academy of Chennai as soon as the award came into being in 1942. <mask> <mask> <mask>  was only 39 when he received it, a record that was bested by Semmangudi who received the award at the age of 38 in 1947. In 1963 he was awarded the Isai Perarignar from the Tamizh Isai Sangam.The Indian Fine Arts gave him the Sangita Kala Shikhamani in 1966. In 1967, he was made a Fellow of the Sangit Natak Academy. The President honored him with the Padma Bhushan in 1971. Roads have been named after him in Tamil Nadu, and national postage stamps have been issued bearing his portrait in 1999. References

Further reading
V. Sriram. Carnatic Summer: Lives of twenty great exponents, pp. 49–62 East West Books, Madras 2004 (2007 Edition)
 The Hindu: Musiri for Bhava Friday Review Chennai and Tamil Nadu, 24 March 2006
Ramanathan, Dr. R.  Sruti Magazine, The intellectual Approach,  January 2010
MusicIndiaOnline

Male Carnatic singers
1899 births
1975 deaths
People from Tiruchirappalli district
Recipients of the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
20th-century Indian male classical singers
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in

masks: Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer Musiri Subramania Iyer


title: Klemen Tinal

texts:
<mask> (23 August 1970 – 21 May 2021) was an Indonesian politician from the Golkar party. He held the office of the Regent of Mimika from 2001 until 2006 and again from 2008 until 2013. He won the 2013 election for Vice Governor of Papua and was installed in office on 9 April 2013. <mask> won re-election in 2018; his second term as Vice Governor ended abruptly due to his death on 21 May 2021. The Klemen Tinal Roller Sports Stadium in Jayapura Regency, used as venue for Indonesia's 2020 National Sports Week indoor roller skating tournament is named after him. Early life
<mask> was born on 23 August 1970 in Beoga, Puncak, as the son of Abdiel M<mask> and Elisabet Kibak. He began his education at the elementary and junior high school owned by the Jayawijaya Education Foundation in Tembagapura.After graduating from junior high school in 1985, <mask> moved to Bandung, where he attended the 1st Bandung High School. Tinal was elected as the chairman of the student body in his second year in the school and received the award as the best performing student body chairman in the same year. He graduated from the school in 1988. Career
<mask> returned to Papua after his graduation from high school. He started his career as an administrative supervisor at the Freeport Indonesia company in 1993. He resigned in 2001 to run for the Regent of Mimika. Political career

Regent of Mimika

Tinal won the elections for the Regent of Mimika office in the midst of 2001 and was installed in the office on 14 December 2001.At the time of his installation, <mask> was one of the youngest regents in Indonesia, assuming the office at an age slightly above the legal threshold of thirty

masks:
Klemen Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
. Tinal
Tinal
Tinal
Tinal


title: Klemen Tinal

texts: years old. <mask> and his deputy, Methodius Mamapuku, were criticized by political researcher Ans Gregory da Iry for their lack of experience in bureaucracy. However, da Iry stated that both had sufficient experience in running social and non-governmental organizations. Tinal's early years were marred by clashes between supporters and opponents of the Central Papua Province, a new province that was proposed to be formed by splitting the province of Papua into two. Although a peace treaty between the two factions was signed in November 2003, there were threats to kidnap members of the Mimika parliament by both sides. During the 2004 Indonesian legislative election, disputes between the government and political party led to the vacancy of seven seats of parliament and the de facto dormancy of the parliament. Although the parliament speaker Vientje Tebay had been dismissed from his office on 26 November 2006 due to term expiration, Tebay and Tinal colluded to appoint their own members of parliament.The seven members were inaugurated on 12 November, sparking protests from political parties and provincial government. The dormancy went on for months and still had not been resolved, even after <mask>'s term as regent expired on 14 December 2006. The seven seats were finally filled on 29 December 2006 as a result of an agreement mediated by Governor of Papua Barnabas Suebu. <mask> ran again as a candidate for the Regent of Mimika in the 2008 local elections. During the electoral debates, Tinal shocked electoral observers due to his unrealistic goals, such as building trams similar to those in the Netherlands. Despite the unrealistic goals, <mask> was declared as the

masks: Tinal Tinal Tinal Tinal


title: Klemen Tinal

texts:
 winner of the elections, with a margin of less than two thousand votes over the runner-up. The ballot counting process itself was marked with allegations of electoral fraud, as the number of votes exceeded the number of registered voters.Several months before his inauguration for the second term, a corruption case that involved <mask> and his wife during his first term was revealed through a financial audit report by the Audit Board of Indonesia. His wife became a fugitive after she was declared as a suspect in the case. Despite continuous calls by various parties to investigate the case before installing Tinal, the governor installed Tinal on 4 December 2008. His second term ended prematurely on 9 April 2013 due to his nomination as the vice governor of Papua. Vice Governor of Papua
<mask> was chosen as the running mate of Lukas Enembe, the regent of Puncak Jaya, for the 2013 Papuan gubernatorial elections. The pair was declared eligible to run by the General Elections Commission and managed to win the elections after obtaining 52% of the total votes. Enembe and <mask> were inaugurated for the office on 9 April 2013.<mask> and Enembe ran again as a pair and sought re-election after their term ended on 9 April 2018. The pair won re-election with more than two-thirds of the total votes. <mask> was installed for his second term on 5 September 2018. <mask> was elevated to the position of temporary governor of Papua after Governor Enembe departed to Singapore for medical treatment on 9 May 2021. <mask>, however, went on sick leave at that point. Songwriting
During his tenure as the Regent of Mimika, Tinal and Moluccan singer Melky Goeslaw composed a song titled

masks: Tinal Tinal Tinal Tinal Tinal Tinal Tinal


title: Klemen Tinal

texts:
 "Eme Neme Yauware" ("In Brotherhood and Unity We Build"). The song became a popular song in Mimika and was sung on various occasions by the populace.Death
<mask> died two weeks after he left his post on sick leave. He died in the Abdi Waluyo Hospital, Jakarta, on 21 May 2021 at approximately 04.00 UTC+7. He died due to heart complications. His body was laid out at the Gatot Subroto funeral home several hours after his death. Various former and current cabinet members, such as Zainuddin Amali, Aburizal Bakrie, Airlangga Hartarto, Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita, Tito Karnavian, Akbar Tanjung, and Muhadjir Effendy, paid their final respects to <mask>. <mask>'s body was flown by a chartered flight from Jakarta to the capital of Papua, Jayapura, a day after his death. After his body arrived at Jayapura's Dortheys Hiyo Eluay International Airport on the morning of 22 May, a military ceremony led by the Commander of the Kodam XVII/Cenderawasih Major-General Ignatius Yogo Triyono was held at the airport's field.Afterwards, his body was transported to lie in state at the Papua State House. When several officials from the Papuan government visited the state house, several relatives of Tinal attacked the officials. The group also reportedly stoned the State House. The Spokesperson for the Governor of Papua stated that the stoning was not an act of violence but was part of a tradition by <mask>'s tribe. Papua police chief Inspector General Matius Fakhiri, who was one of the officials who visited the state house, likewise stated that the stoning was part of a tribal dance called the Waeta dance. After a day lying in state in Jayapura, <mask>'s body was transported to Mimika

masks: Tinal Tinal Tinal Tinal Tinal


title: Klemen Tinal

texts:
 and arrived at Timika's Mozes Kilangin Airport on the afternoon of 23 May. A military ceremony was held at the airport's hangar before the body lay in state at the Timika State House.While the body was being transported from the airport to the State House, thousands of grieving Mimika citizens flocked the Timika State House to conduct a funeral prayer for Tinal. After the body arrived and was placed at the state house, the crowd attempted to enter the State House to pay their last respects for Tinal, but were blocked by soldiers who were guarding the State House. <mask>'s body was transported again to the Jemaat Betlehem GKII Church on the next day where a requiem was held for him. After the requiem commenced, his body was brought to his family's cemetery complex to be buried beside his parents grave in Timika. The funeral ceremony began at 14.00 local time and was led by the incumbent Regent of Mimika Eltinus Omaleng. In response to his death, the flag of Indonesia at the governor's office of Papua was flown half-mast for seven days. <mask>'s family received compensation amounting to one billion rupiahs from the government of Papua and one hundred million rupiahs from the Regent of Central Mamberamo.Simon, one of Tinal's relatives, stated that the compensation was shared immediately with funeral attendees. Family
<mask> <mask> was married to Stefra Sodora Dupuy. The couple had three children, Lidya <mask>, <mask>, and Daud <mask>. Notes

References

1970 births
2021 deaths
Indonesian politicians
Vice Governors of Papua
Mayors and regents of places in Papua (province)
Golkar politicians
People from Puncak Regency
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in

masks:
Tinal
Tinal
Klemen
Tinal
Natalia Tinal
William Tinal
Solomon Tinal


title: Dave Hole

texts:
<mask> (born 30 March 1948, Heswall, Cheshire, United Kingdom) is an Australian slide guitarist known for his style of playing rock and roll and blues music. In 1990 he issued Short Fuse Blues which brought him to the attention of United States label, Alligator Records. Two of his albums have appeared on Billboard Top Blues Albums, Steel on Steel (1995) peaked at No. 13 and Ticket to Chicago (1997) reached No. 15. His sixth album, Under the Spell, appeared in April 1999 and won "Best Blues & Roots Album" at the ARIA Music Awards of that year. <mask> is noted for his unusual performance style, which alternates traditionally plucked notes and chords with the slide notes played by his hand draped over the guitar's neck.According to Australian rock music historian Ian McFarlane, <mask> "is the most acclaimed blues guitarist Australia has ever produced ... courtesy of his unorthodox slide guitar style, his rousing live shows and a series of hard-rocking, roadhouse blues albums ... yet it took two decades of slogging around the Australian touring circuit before the local industry sat up and took notice". Biography

1948-1960s
Robert David <mask> was born on 30 March 1948 in Heswall, United Kingdom, due to a mix up at the hospital he was named Robert when it should have been David. The family called him David and now he goes by David Robert <mask>. When he was four years old his family moved to Perth, Western Australia. He became interested in blues music after hearing a school friend's Muddy Waters' album when aged six. At twelve years old he received his first guitar and started to teach himself due to lack of availability of teachers. He used the albums of Eric Clapton, Jimi Hendrix, Blind Willie Johnson, Skip James, Blind Lemon Jefferson to learn.He later used work

masks:
Robert David Hole
Hole
Hole
Hole
Hole


title: Dave Hole

texts:
 of Robert Johnson, Elmore James, and Mississippi Fred McDowell. <mask> is left-handed and, after breaking a finger in a football accident, he played the guitar right-handed. "I had to have a cast on it. So I came up with this idea, just while I was recuperating, of jamming the slide on my index finger and hanging it over the top of the guitar – quite an awkward sort of style, really. It took me about three months before this cast came off. And over that time it started to feel good". In 1965 <mask> formed his first group, Broken Habits, which included Daryl Upson on bass guitar.The following year he created the earliest version of <mask> Band with Upson, Denis Crake on vocals and Jim Morris on drums. In 1968 <mask> joined The Beat 'n Tracks, a pop, blues, R&B band formed in early 1967 with Ace Follington on drums, Warren Morgan on keyboards and vocals, Ross Partington on lead vocals and Murray Wilkins on bass guitar. They played covers of The Beatles, Paul Butterfield, Motown and Vanilla Fudge material. The group won the 1968 Perth heat of the national Hoadley's Battle of the Sounds and travelled to Melbourne for the final. They also toured the eastern states before <mask> returned to Perth late that year to continue his university studies. He was replaced by Phil Manning (ex-Bay City Union, Laurie Allen Revue) on guitar and lead vocals – The Beat 'n Tracks evolved into Chain. 1970s
In 1972 Hole formed Dave Hole Blues Band with Upson and Al Kash on drums (ex-Blackfeather), the trio relocated to London and played in local pubs.<mask> returned to Perth in 1974, from that time for twenty years, he toured the Western Australian pub circuit with differing line-ups of <mask> Band. By 1977 with Hole were Phil Bailey on bass guitar and Ian Ironside on drums. They

masks:
Hole
Hole
Dave Hole
Hole
Hole
Hole
Dave Hole


title: Dave Hole

texts:
 provided two tracks, "Country Town" and "Still in Love with You", for a various artists compilation, The 6WF Rock Group Album which appeared in 1979. Also that year <mask> joined with Matt Taylor (ex-Bay City Union, Chain, Western Flyer) on lead vocals and harmonica to form Matt Taylor Band featuring <mask>, they were backed by Paul Pooley on bass guitar (Manteca) and Ric Whittle on drums (Fatty Lumpkin, Manteca). They toured Australia "playing some of the most electrifying blues rock ever heard in this country". By late 1980 the group dissolved without recording any material. 1980-90s
During the 1980s <mask> Band continued with various line-ups until 1988, when he established Short Fuse with John Wilson on bass guitar and Ronnie Parker on drums.In 1990 they released an album, Short Fuse Blues, which Hole had financed, produced, and recorded in three days. Bob Patient (ex-Matt Taylor's Chain) guested on keyboards and joined to tour in support of the work. Rock music historian, Ian McFarlane, observed that it is "full of Hole's sinuous, hot-wired guitar work, which evoked the spirit of Elmore James and Blind Willie Johnson". Hole sent a copy to United States magazine, Guitar Player, its editor, Jas Obrecht, wrote an article in July 1991 praising Hole as the newest guitar wizard and comparing him with Stevie Ray Vaughan and Albert King. Soon a copy of the album was in the hands of Alligator Records president Bruce Iglauer who signed Hole up as the first non-US-based artist of their 26-year history. In November 1992 Guitar Players critics, Art Thompson and Chris Gill, praised him – and fellow slide guitarists Sonny Landreth and <mask> – as "visionary" with a "distinctive technique" that "redefine[s] the art". While new fans were gained via radio play on more than

masks:
Hole
Dave Hole
Dave Hole
Dave Tronzo


title: Dave Hole

texts:
 1000 stations.Reviews appeared in Guitar for the Practicing Musician, Billboard, Audio, Spin, Chicago Tribune, The Denver Post and Associated Press. <mask> signed a deal for the European market with Provogue Records, with albums and tours of the US and Europe helping increase his popularity further. Later tours of Europe have seen him headlining festival shows in Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, France and Switzerland with the Leverkusen Blues Festival in Germany televised nationally. He has also performed in Brazil, Sweden, Norway, Russia, Austria, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the UK. Two of his albums have appeared on Billboard Top Blues Albums chart, Steel on Steel (1995) peaked at No. 13 and Ticket to Chicago (1997) reached No. 15.In August 1997 <mask> commenced his third tour of US blues festivals and displayed his "unique slide playing style which involves using his index finger rather than his pinkie". On 20 April 1999 he issued Under the Spell, which won "Best Blues & Roots Album" at the ARIA Music Awards of that year. McFarlane noted that he "is the most acclaimed blues guitarist Australia has ever produced ... courtesy of his unorthodox slide guitar style, his rousing live shows and a series of hard-rocking, roadhouse blues albums ... yet it took two decades of slogging around the Australian touring circuit before the local industry sat up and took notice". Although under-appreciated in Australia <mask> was described by Robert Messenger in The Canberra Times as "a musical genius" and "in the US he is living blues legend". 2000s
In August 2004 <mask> was interviewed by Brendan Hutchens for ABC's George Negus Tonight and recalled "It's very, very raw emotional music. And it communicates very strongly and it did to me. When I first heard blues, it bowled me

masks: Hole Hole Hole Hole


title: Dave Hole

texts:
 over.And it's great. I love it. I love to be able to communicate with people through that, through the music". On 19 May 2007 <mask> issued his tenth album, Rough Diamond, which Sing Out!s Gary von Tersch compared with Muddy Waters and Duane Allman as "spirited" and showed "incendiary blues and rock slide guitar". As well as releasing ten albums, <mask> has continued to tour worldwide for six months each year, returning to his home in the Darling Scarp of Western Australia for the other six months. Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

Compilation albums

Awards

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. |-
| ARIA Music Awards of 1999
| Under the Spell
| Best Blues & Roots Album
|
|-

West Australian Music Industry Awards
The West Australian Music Industry Awards are annual awards celebrating achievements for Western Australian music.They commenced in 1985. <mask> was inducted into its Hall of Fame in 2005 after winning Most Popular Original Blues Act in 2001. |-
| 2001 || <mask> || Most Popular Original Blues Act  ||
|-
| 2005 || <mask> || Hall of Fame ||
|-

References

General
  Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality. BlindPig
 Blues Rockers

Specific

External links

 Pictures: "Poster advertising performance by <mask> at The Continental Café, Prahran, Victoria" 1997, 1999, both held at State Library of Victoria, accessed 24 March 2013. 1948 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
Australian blues guitarists
Australian male guitarists
Blues rock musicians
Electric blues musicians
Musicians from Western Australia
People from Perth, Western Australia
English emigrants to Australia
People from Heswall
Provogue

masks:
Hole
Hole
Hole
Dave Hole
Dave Hole
Dave Hole


title: Clemens Brentano

texts:
<mask> (also Klemens; pseudonym: <mask> ; ; 9 September 1778 – 28 July 1842) was a German poet and novelist, and a major figure of German Romanticism. He was the uncle, via his brother Christian, of Franz and <mask>. Biography

<mask> was born to <mask> and Maximiliane von La Roche, a wealthy merchant family in Frankfurt on 9 September 1778. His father's family was of Italian descent. His sister was writer Bettina von Arnim, who, at a young age, lionised and corresponded with Goethe, and, in 1835, published the correspondence as Goethes Briefwechsel mit einem Kinde (Goethe's correspondence with a child). <mask> studied in Halle and Jena, afterwards residing at Heidelberg, Vienna and Berlin. He was close to Wieland, Herder, Goethe, Friedrich Schlegel, Fichte and Tieck.From 1798 to 1800 <mask> lived in Jena, the first center of the romantic movement. In 1801, he moved to Göttingen, and became a friend of Achim von Arnim. He married writer Sophie Mereau on 29 October 1803. In 1804, he moved to Heidelberg and worked with Arnim on Zeitungen für Einsiedler and Des Knaben Wunderhorn. After his wife Sophie died in 1806 he married a second time in 1807 to Auguste Bussmann (whose half-sister, Marie de Flavigny, later by marriage the Countess Marie d'Agoult, would become the companion of pianist and composer Franz Liszt). In the years between 1808 and 1818, <mask> lived mostly in Berlin, and from 1819 to 1824 in Dülmen, Westphalia. In 1818, weary of his somewhat restless and unsettled life, he returned to the practice of the Catholic faith and withdrew to the monastery of Dülmen, where he lived for some years in strict seclusion.He took on there the position of secretary to the Catholic

masks:
Clemens Wenzeslaus Brentano
Clemens Maria Brentano
Lujo Brentano
Clemens Brentano
Peter Anton Brentano
Clemens Brentano
Brentano
Brentano


title: Clemens Brentano

texts: visionary nun, the Blessed Anne Catherine Emmerich. It was claimed that from 1802 until her death she bore the wounds of the Crown of Thorns, and from 1812 the full stigmata, a cross over her heart and the wound from the lance. <mask> <mask> made her acquaintance in 1818 and remained at the foot of the stigmatist's bed copying her dictation until 1824. When she died, he prepared an index of the visions and revelations from her journal, The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ (published 1833). One of these visions made known by <mask> later resulted in the actual identification of the real House of the Virgin Mary in Ephesus by Abbé Julien Gouyet, a French priest, during 1881. However, some posthumous investigations in 1923 and 1928 made it uncertain how much of the books he attributed to Emmerich were actually his own creation and the works were discarded for her beatification process. The latter part of his life he spent in Regensburg, Frankfurt and Munich, actively engaged in promoting the Catholic faith.<mask> assisted Ludwig Achim von Arnim, his brother-in-law, in the collection of folk-songs forming Des Knaben Wunderhorn (1805–1808), which Gustav Mahler drew upon for his song cycle. In 1835, Swiss painter Emilie Linder, painted the famous portrait of him. He died in Aschaffenburg. <mask>, whose early writings were published under the pseudonym Maria, belonged to the Heidelberg group of German romantic writers, and his works are marked by excess of fantastic imagery and by abrupt, bizarre modes of expression. His first published writings were Satiren und poetische Spiele (Leipzig, 1800), a romance Godwi oder Das steinerne Bild der Mutter (2 vols., Frankfort, 1801), and

masks: Clemens Brentano Brentano Brentano Brentano


title: Clemens Brentano

texts:
 a musical drama Die lustigen Musikanten (Frankfort, 1803). Of his dramas the best are Ponce de Leon (1804), Victoria und ihre Geschwister (Berlin, 1817) and Die Grundung Prags (Pesth, 1815). On the whole his finest work is the collection of Romanzen vom Rosenkranz (published posthumously in 1852); his short stories, and more especially the charming Geschichte vom braven Kasperl und dem schönen Annerl (1817), which has been translated into English, were very popular.<mask>'s collected works, edited by his brother Christian, appeared at Frankfurt in 9 vols. (1851–1855). Selections have been edited by J. B. Diel (1873), M. Koch (1892), and J. Dohmke (1893). See J. B. Diel and William Kreiten, Klemens <mask> (2 vols, 1877–1878), the introduction to Koch's edition, and R. Steig, A. von Arnim und K. <mask> (1894). In his honor the <mask> <mask> prize is awarded for German literature.Musical settings and cultural references
Richard Strauss set six poems by <mask> in Sechs Lieder, Op. 68, in 1918, which are also known as his Brentano Lieder. <mask>'s work is referenced in Thomas Mann's novel Doctor Faustus. A cycle of thirteen songs, based on <mask>'s poems, is noted in Chapter XXI as one of the composer protagonist's most significant early works. Poems
Eingang
Frühlingsschrei eines Knechtes
Abendständchen
Lore Lay
Auf dem Rhein
Wiegenlied
An Sophie Mereau
Ich wollt ein Sträusslein binden
Der Spinnerin Lied
Aus einem kranken Herzen
Hast du nicht mein Glück gesehen? Frühes Lied
Schwanenlied
Nachklänge Beethovenscher Musik
Romanzen vom Rosenkranz
Einsam will ich untergehn
Rückblick

Religious works
 Die Barmherzigen Schwestern in Bezug auf Armen- und Krankenpflege (Care of the Poor and

masks: Brentano Brentano Brentano Clemens Brentano Brentano Brentano Brentano


title: Clemens Brentano

texts:
 Sick by the Sisters of Mercy ) (1831) (New Edition edited by Renate Moering)
 Lehrjahre Jesu (The Formative Years of Jesus) (1822) Part I and II (Edited by Jürg Mathes); 1983 edition by W. Kohlhammer, Berlin –
 Das bittere Leiden unsers Herrn Jesu Christi (The Dolorous Passion of Our Lord Jesus Christ) (1858-1860 in a reworked edition by Karl Erhard Schmoeger; first authentic edition 1983, New edition by Bernhard Gajek and Irmengard Schmidbauer) ,
 Das Leben der heil. Jungfrau Maria (The Life of the Holy Virgin Mary) (1852, posthumous) , , ,
 Biographie der Anna Katharina Emmerick (Biography of Anna Katharina Emmerich) (unfinished, 1867–1870 in Schmoeger's edition; first authentic edition 1981)
 Tagebuchaufzeichnungen: Geheimnisse des Alten und des Neuen Bundes: Aus den Tagebüchern des Clemens Brentano (Notes from a Diary: Secrets of the Old and New Testaments from the Diaries of Clemens Brentano) ,

Fairy tales

References

Sources
 Phillips, H. A., "Brentano, Clemens Maria" Cassell's Encyclopedia of World Literature New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1953.Further reading
 Blamires, David. “15. <mask> <mask>’s Fairytales”. In: Telling Tales: The Impact of Germany on English Children’s Books 1780-1918. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers, 2009. pp. 263-274. . Web généré le 23 septembre 2021: <http://books.openedition.org/obp/614>.External links

1778 births
1842 deaths
Writers from Koblenz
People from the Electorate of Trier
German people of Italian descent
German Roman Catholics
Roman Catholic writers
German Catholic poets
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Arnim family
Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg alumni
University of Marburg faculty
German

masks: Clemens Brentano


title: Eric Harrison

texts:
Sir <mask>,  (7 September 1892 – 26 September 1974) was an Australian politician and diplomat. He was the inaugural deputy leader of the Liberal Party (1945–1956), and a government minister under four prime ministers. He was later High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1956 to 1964. <mask> was born in Sydney and left school at the age of 13. He served with the Australian Army during World War I, and after the war's end became the manager of a textile factory. <mask> was elected to the House of Representatives in 1931, representing the United Australia Party (UAP). He served briefly as Minister for Interior in 1934, under Joseph Lyons, and returned to the ministry in 1938.Over the next three years he held positions in the governments of Lyons, Earle Page, Robert Menzies, and Arthur Fadden. In 1944, <mask> replaced Billy Hughes as deputy leader of the UAP. When the new Liberal Party was formed the following year, he was elected to the same position. In Menzies' second government, <mask> held various defence-related portfolios. He was also made the inaugural Leader of the House in 1951. <mask> left politics in 1956 to become High Commissioner to the United Kingdom. He retired in 1964, and suffered from Parkinson's disease in later years.His daughter, Shirley Walters, followed him into politics, becoming the first woman to represent Tasmania in the Senate. Early life
<mask> was born in Surry Hills, Sydney, New South Wales, to Elizabeth Jane (née Anderson) and Arthur Hoffman <mask>. His mother was born in Ireland, while his father – who worked as a painter and decorator – was born in England. <mask> attended the Crown Street Superior Public School until the age of thirteen, when he left school to work in the textile industry. He eventually became

masks:
Eric John Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Eric Harrison

texts:
 the manager of one of the factories owned by James Anderson Murdoch. In October 1916, <mask> joined the Australian Imperial Force and served on the Western Front from December 1917 in the 5th Field Artillery Brigade. He was promoted to sergeant in May 1918, and rowed in the Royal Henley Peace Regatta in 1919.After returning to Australia and taking his discharge, <mask> married Mary Cook McCall in 1920. Political career

1930s
Although <mask> had not previously been politically active, in 1931 he established a branch of Joseph Lyons' All for Australia League in the Sydney suburb of Auburn, within Jack Lang's electorate, with police protection. In the December 1931 general elections he defeated Walter Marks for the House of Representatives seat of Wentworth, although both had been endorsed by the United Australia Party (UAP). He was appointed Minister for the Interior from 12 October 1934 in Lyons' second ministry, but lost the position on 9 November 1934 in Lyons' third Ministry, created to accommodate the Country Party. During this period he banned the entry of the Czechoslovakian anti-fascist campaigner, Egon Kisch into Australia. In November 1938, <mask> became Minister without portfolio administering External Territories, and in April 1939 was appointed Postmaster-General and Minister for Repatriation in Robert Menzies' first ministry, when the Country Party left the coalition. World War II
When the Country Party returned to the Coalition in March 1940, <mask> was again left out of the ministry.He became Minister for Trade and Customs in Menzies third ministry in October 1940. He is notable for making available a newsprint ration for Ezra Norton's Daily Mirror in 1941, while tightening overall newsprint rationing. <mask> was a strong supporter

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Eric Harrison

texts:
 of Menzies, as he continued to be after World War II. He went into opposition with the defeat of the Fadden government in October 1941 and almost lost his seat to suffragette and Australian Labor Party candidate Jessie Street in December 1943. <mask> was commissioned as an officer in the Militia in 1940 and in 1942 and 1943 he was a full-time liaison officer with the United States military forces in Australia. On one occasion he wore a uniform in Canberra, causing Eddie Ward to denounce him as a fake soldier and to accuse him of having been a member of the New Guard. His wife died in 1941 and in October 1944 he married Linda Ruth Yardley, née Fullerton, a widow and a businesswoman.He became deputy leader of the UAP in April 1944. When the UAP was folded into the Liberal Party of Australia in late 1944, <mask> became its first deputy leader, holding the position until 1956. He was the longest serving Liberal Party Deputy Leader until his record was broken by Peter Costello in 2006. He was a vocal critic of the Curtin and Chifley governments. Post-war

Following the Liberal Party's win in the December 1949 election, <mask> became the third-ranking member of the government, behind Menzies and Country Party leader Arthur Fadden. He served as Minister for Postwar Reconstruction (until March 1950) and Minister for Defence in the Menzies ministry. From April 1950 until March 1951 he was resident in London, and in October 1950 he moved from the Defence portfolio to become Minister for the Interior.In May 1951, he became Minister for Defence Production and Vice-President of the Executive Council in Menzies' fifth ministry and the inaugural Leader of the House. From November 1955 to February 1956, he was also Minister for the Army and Minister for the Navy.

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Eric Harrison

texts:
 <mask> was acting prime minister for two weeks in June 1954, when Menzies was in New Zealand and Fadden was recovering from injuries sustained in a car accident. Later life
<mask> resigned from parliament in 1956 and became Australian High Commissioner in London, where he was an outspoken advocate of the "Old Commonwealth". The <mask>s returned to Australia in September 1964 and moved to the Sydney suburb of Castle Cove. He died at Chatswood of Parkinson's disease and was survived by his wife and the three daughters of his first marriage. One of his daughters was Shirley Walters, a Senator for Tasmania 1975–93.Honours
<mask> was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO) in 1954 as a result of being minister in charge of the royal visit of Queen Elizabeth II. This was an honour within the Queen's personal gift. He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1961 for his service as High Commissioner to the UK. Notes

1892 births
1974 deaths
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
United Australia Party members of the Parliament of Australia
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Wentworth
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Leaders of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Cabinet of Australia
Australian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Australian Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Australian politicians awarded knighthoods
High Commissioners of Australia to the United Kingdom
Permanent Representatives of Australia to the International Maritime Organization
Defence ministers of Australia
20th-century Australian

masks: Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
<mask> (; née <mask>; born September 18, 1971) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in A Different World (1991–1993), The Nutty Professor (1996), as Niobe in The Matrix Reloaded (2003), The Matrix Revolutions (2003) and The Matrix Resurrections (2021), Gotham (2014–2017) and Girls Trip (2017). In 2018, <mask> began co-hosting the Facebook Watch talk show Red Table Talk, for which she has received a Daytime Emmy Award from seven nominations. Time magazine named her one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2021. Her other notable roles include a guest appearance on the short-lived sitcom True Colors (1990), Menace II Society (1993), Set It Off (1996), Scream 2 (1997), Ali (2001), Collateral (2004), the Madagascar films (2005–2012), Hawthorne (2009–2011), Magic Mike XXL (2015), Bad Moms (2016), and Angel Has Fallen (2019). <mask> launched her music career in 2002, when she helped create the heavy metal band Wicked Wisdom, for which she was a singer and songwriter. Along with her husband <mask>, she has a production company, and has had producing credits in films, documentaries, and television series.She also wrote a children's book, Girls Hold Up This World, which was published in 2004, and landed at number two on The New York Times Best Seller list. Since 1997, <mask> <mask> has been married to <mask>, with whom she has two children: son Jaden and daughter Willow. Through their marriage, she is also stepmother to <mask>'s son from his earlier marriage, <mask>. Early life and family
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, <mask> <mask> <mask> was named after her mother's favorite soap opera actress, <mask> Rowland. <mask> <mask> is of Jamaican and Bajan descent on her mother's side and

masks:
Jada Koren Pinkett Smith
Pinkett
Pinkett Smith
Pinkett Smith
Will Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Will Smith
Smith
Trey Smith
Jada
Pinkett
Smith
Jada
Pinkett
Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 African-American descent on her father's side. Her parents are Adrienne Banfield-Jones, the head nurse of a Baltimore inner-city clinic, and Robsol <mask> Jr., who ran a construction company. Banfield-Jones, who during the 2010s became Adrienne Banfield-Norris, became pregnant in high school; the couple married but divorced after several months.Banfield-Jones raised <mask> with the help of her own mother, Marion Martin Banfield, a Jamaican-born social worker. Banfield noticed her granddaughter's passion for the performing arts and enrolled her in piano, tap dance, and ballet lessons. <mask> <mask> has remained close to her mother and said, "A mother and daughter's relationship is usually the most honest, and we are so close." She also added: "[My mother] understood what I wanted and never stood in my way." She participated as the maid of honor in Banfield-Norris's 1998 wedding to Paul Jones, a telecommunications executive. <mask> <mask> has shown great admiration for her grandmother, saying, "My grandmother was a doer who wanted to create a better community and add beauty to the world." <mask> <mask> attended the Baltimore School for the Arts, where she met and became close friends with her classmate, rapper Tupac Shakur.When she met Shakur, she was a drug dealer. Her mother had been a heroin addict. She majored in dance and theatre and graduated in 1989. After graduation, she spent a year at the North Carolina School of the Arts. Acting career

Beginnings (1990–1995)

<mask> began her acting career in 1990, when she starred in an episode of True Colors. She received guest roles in television shows such as Doogie Howser, M.D. (1991) and 21 Jump Street (1991), and earned a role on comedian Bill Cosby's NBC television

masks: Pinkett Pinkett Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 sitcom A Different World in 1991, as college freshman Lena James.In 1994, <mask> <mask> acted with Keenen Ivory Wayans in the action and comedy film A Low Down Dirty Shame. She described her character, Peaches, as "raw" with "major attitude", and her acting garnered positive reviews. The New York Times wrote, "Ms. <mask>, whose performance is as sassy and sizzling as a Salt-N-Pepa recording, walks away with the movie." In 1994, she also starred as a title character in Doug McHenry's romantic drama Jason's Lyric (1994), opposite Allen Payne; in 1995, played a convict on work release in the horror film Demon Knight (1995). In his review of the former film, Roger Ebert praised the chemistry between Payne and <mask> <mask>, writing: "[He] has powerful chemistry with the enigmatic, teasing, tender character played by Pinkett; they really seem to like one another, which is not a feeling you always pick up in screen romances". Rise to prominence (1996–2003)
<mask> <mask> starred with actor and comedian Eddie Murphy in the 1996 remake of The Nutty Professor, portraying the love interest of a kindhearted university professor who is morbidly obese. The film was a commercial success, earning $25 million in its first weekend in North America and eventually $274 million worldwide.She also had a lead role in Set It Off (1996), a crime drama about four women who rob banks to escape from poverty, opposite Queen Latifah, Vivica A. Fox, and Kimberly Elise. Her acting in the film was noted in the San Francisco Chronicle, which wrote that she was "the one to watch". Budgeted at $9 million, Set It Off made $41 million globally. In 1997, <mask> <mask> had a cameo role in Scream 2 as a college student who is brutally murdered in front of

masks: Pinkett Smith Pinkett Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts: hundreds of filmgoers. The film made more than $100 million at the North American box office. In 1998, she played a news reporter in the thriller Return to Paradise, with Joaquin Phoenix and Vince Vaughn, and took on the title role of an extroverted woman, alongside Tommy Davidson, in the comedy Woo.While favorably reviewing her performance in Woo, Derek Armstrong of AllMovie wrote that the script was "formulaic" and "not much of a vehicle for its impish starlet". She next starred in Spike Lee's film Bamboozled (2000) as a personal assistant to the main character, played by Damon Wayans. Although the film met with mediocre reviews, it won the National Board of Review's Freedom of Expression Award. In 2001, <mask> <mask> portrayed a loud-mouthed wife in the moderately successful comedy Kingdom Come, with LL Cool J, Vivica A. Fox, Anthony Anderson, Toni Braxton, and Whoopi Goldberg. In the biographical sports drama Ali (also 2001), she played Sonji Roi, the first wife of boxer Muhammad Ali, opposite <mask>. While she loved the final product, she initially did not think she was the right person for the role: "I felt like because we were a couple off screen, for people to see us together on the screen in a movie like this, would take people out of the movie, that people would see Will and <mask> there—they wouldn't see Ali and Sonji".Perhaps her best-known role to date is the part of human rebel Niobe in the films The Matrix Reloaded (2003) and The Matrix Revolutions (2003), sequels to 1999's The Matrix, and the related video game Enter The Matrix (2003). The character was written specifically with <mask> <mask> in mind. Directly after she filmed her scenes for Ali, <mask> <mask> flew to Australia to work on the Matrix

masks:
Pinkett
Smith
Will Smith
Jada
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 sequels. The sequels earned over $91 million and $48 million during their North American opening weekends, respectively. Acting, producing, and directing (2004–2013)
In the neonoir thriller Collateral (2004), alongside Jamie Foxx and Tom Cruise, <mask> <mask> played a U.S. Justice Department prosecutor and the target of a contract killer. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing $217.8 million worldwide. She voiced Gloria, a strong, confident, but sweet hippopotamus, in the computer animated film Madagascar (2005).Tom McGrath, one of the film's directors, said they found all these traits in her voice when they listened to her. Despite a mixed response from critics, the film was a commercial success, earning $532 million worldwide, making it one of the biggest hits of 2005. In 2007, she played the wife of an affluent dentist in the drama Reign Over Me, with Adam Sandler, Don Cheadle, Liv Tyler, and Donald Sutherland. Entertainment Weekly called the film a "strange, black-and-blue therapeutic drama equally mottled with likable good intentions and agitating clumsiness", and found <mask> <mask> "graceful" in it. In 2008, <mask> <mask> took on the role of a lesbian author in the all-female comedy The Women, opposite Meg Ryan, Annette Bening, Debra Messing, and Eva Mendes. Though a commercial success, The Women was panned by critics, with <mask> <mask> earning a nomination for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress for her performance. Her directorial debut was the drama The Human Contract (also 2008); she also wrote, and starred as the sister of a successful but unhappy businessman, with Paz Vega and Idris Elba.It debuted at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2008. The success of Madagascar led <mask>

masks: Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 <mask> to return to the role of Gloria in the 2008 sequel Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa, which earned US$603 million at the international box office. <mask> <mask> was an executive producer and starred as a Chief Nursing Officer in the TNT medical drama Hawthorne, which premiered on June 16, 2009. USA Today remarked:  "<mask> <mask>'s Hawthorne is tired in every sense of the word, and she's not the only one. Every character and event falls under the category of painfully predictable". Hawthorne ended on August 16, 2011, after three seasons. While she reprised the voice role of Gloria in Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted (2012), which made over US$746 million, she also voiced the character in the NBC Christmas special Merry Madagascar (2009) and the direct-to-DVD film Madly Madagascar (2013).Commercial success (2014–present)
Beginning in 2014, <mask> <mask> starred in the first season of the FOX crime drama Gotham, as Gotham City gangster Fish Mooney. She returned, recurrently, in the second and third seasons of the series. In 2015, she starred in the comedy Magic Mike XXL, as the manager of a star stripper club, opposite Channing Tatum and Joe Manganiello. The film made US$122.5 million worldwide. She starred with Mila Kunis, Kristen Bell and Christina Applegate in the comedy Bad Moms (2016), as the sidekick of a domineering parent-teacher association head. It received mixed reviews from critics, who praised the cast and humor, though did not feel it could "take full advantage of its assets". The film, nevertheless, earned more than US$183.9 million.<mask> <mask> next took on the role of a nurse and uptight mom in the comedy Girls Trip (2017), alongside Regina Hall, Queen Latifah and Tiffany Haddish. The film was

masks: Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 chosen by Time magazine as one of its top ten films of 2017, and grossed US$140 million worldwide, including over US$100 million domestically, the first comedy of 2017 to do so. In July 2017, <mask> <mask> appeared at the Essence Festival where, on the Empowerment Stage, she appeared to talk alongside Queen Latifah. <mask> <mask> spoke highly of the cast reflecting their characters in real life, stating that they are all women who love other women and work to empower each other, a feature that she notes as rare in Hollywood. Beginning in May 2018, <mask> <mask> has hosted the Facebook Watch talk show Red Table Talk, which features her mom and her daughter and focuses on a wide range of topics, with these being watched from three different perspectives. In a positive review, USA Todays Maeve McDermott praised the series for its "insightful guests, no-holds-barred topics and <mask>'s magnetic hosting presence". Musical career

Under the name <mask> Koren, <mask> <mask> formed the metal band Wicked Wisdom in 2002.The band consists of <mask> <mask> performing lead vocals, Pocket Honore (guitar, vocals), Cameron "Wirm" Graves (guitar, keyboard, vocals), and Rio (bass, vocals). The band is managed by James Lassiter and Miguel Melendez of Overbrook Entertainment, a company co-founded by <mask> <mask>'s husband <mask>. The band's self-titled debut album was released on February 21, 2006, by <mask> <mask>'s production company 100% Womon and Suburban Noize Records. <mask> served as the project's executive producer. The album made it to Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart, and peaked at number 44 during the week of March 11, 2006. AllMusic reviewer Alex Henderson said of the album, "[<mask> <mask>] shows herself to be an

masks:
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Smith
Jada
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Will Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Will Smith
Pinkett
Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 expressive, commanding singer" and that "[Wicked Wisdom] shows considerable promise". The band promoted the album in 2006, touring with heavy metal band Sevendust.Onyx Hotel Tour
Wicked Wisdom landed a slot on Britney Spears' Onyx Hotel Tour in 2004, one of the year's highest-profile tours. The band opened for Spears for eight dates in April and May 2004, during the European leg of the tour. Ozzfest 2005
In 2005, Sharon Osbourne went to see Wicked Wisdom perform at a small nightclub in Los Angeles. She said, "I was blown away. When you see and hear <mask> with her band it's apparent that she has nothing but love and respect for this genre of music". In May 2005 organizers announced Wicked Wisdom would perform on the second stage of 2005's Ozzfest. Fans of the festival were outraged, claiming the band did not have the credibility to perform at the music festival.Aware of the questions about the band's addition to Ozzfest, <mask> <mask> said, "I'm not here asking for any favors. You've got to show and prove. And not every audience is going to go for it." Wicked Wisdom's guitarist Pocket Honore said while early dates of the tour were rocky, "once word got out that we weren't a joke, people started coming out and by the sixth or seventh gig we were on fire". <mask> <mask> agreed, saying, "After seven dates within the Ozzfest tour, the whole attitude of it started to turn around once the word of mouth started getting out." Other ventures

Business
After opening her music company 100% Women Productions, <mask> <mask> created her own fashion label, Maja, in 1994. The clothing line features women's T-shirts and dresses embellished with the slogan "Sister Power", sold primarily through small catalogs.In 2003, <mask> <mask>

masks: Jada Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 and <mask> helped to create the television series All of Us, which aired on UPN/The CW. <mask> <mask> published her first children's book, Girls Hold Up This World, in 2004. "I wrote the book for Willow and for her friends and for all the little girls in the world who need affirmation about being female in this pretty much masculine world. I really tried to capture different sides of femininity. I want girls in the world to feel powerful, to know they have the power to change the world in any way they wish." In 2005, <mask> <mask> became one of many celebrities to invest a combined total of US$10 million in Carol's Daughter, a line of beauty products created by Lisa Price. She became a spokesman for the beauty line, and said, "To be a part of another African American woman's dream was just priceless to me."Philanthropy
In 1997, <mask> <mask> was the emcee of the Million Woman March in Philadelphia. Together with Will, <mask> <mask> has created the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation in Baltimore, Maryland, a charity which focuses on youth in urban inner cities and family support. Her aunt, Karen Banfield Evans, is the foundation's executive director. The charity was awarded the David Angell Humanitarian Award by The American Screenwriters Association (ASA) in 2006. The Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation has provided grants to non-profit organizations such as YouthBuild, and <mask> <mask> has made personal donations to organizations such as Capital K-9s. In 2006, <mask> <mask> donated $1 million to her high school alma mater, the Baltimore School for the Arts, and dedicated the new theater to her classmate and close friend Tupac Shakur. When <mask> <mask>'s aunt, Karen Banfield Evans, was diagnosed with lupus,

masks: Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith Pinkett Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 the Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation, in association with the Lupus Foundation of America and Maybelline, held the first annual "Butterflies Over Hollywood" event on September 29, 2007, at the El Rey Theatre in Los Angeles.The event raised funds for LFA public and professional educational programs. The Will and Jada Smith Family Foundation was presented with an award in 2007 at the 4th Annual Lupus Foundation of America Awards. In 2012, on behalf of PETA, <mask> <mask> wrote a letter to Baltimore's mayor, asking that the visiting Ringling Brothers Circus "comply with Baltimore's absolute prohibition of the use of devices such as bullhooks" and not harm the elephants. In 2013, she appeared in a video clip for Gucci's "Chime for Change" campaign that aims to raise funds and awareness of women's issues globally. Personal life
<mask> <mask> had a close friendship with rapper Tupac Shakur that formed while they attended the Baltimore School for the Arts. She later appeared in his music videos "Keep Ya Head Up" (1993) and "Temptations" (1995). In 1995, she contributed $100,000 towards Shakur's bail as he awaited an appeal on his sexual abuse conviction.<mask> <mask> stated in the 2003 documentary Tupac: Resurrection that he was "one of my best friends. He was like a brother. It was beyond friendship for us. The type of relationship we had, you only get that once in a lifetime." <mask> <mask> dated former basketball player Grant Hill while he attended Duke University. Family

She met <mask> in 1994 on the set of <mask>'s television show The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, when she auditioned for the role of his character's girlfriend, Lisa Wilkes. She was considered too short and the role went to actress Nia Long.Will and

masks:
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Will Smith
Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts: <mask> later began dating after he separated from Sheree Fletcher. Prior to this, Will had developed an attraction to <mask>, but did not act on it. <mask> eventually moved from her hometown of Baltimore to California to be with him. On December 31, 1997, while <mask> was three months pregnant, about 100 guests attended their wedding at The Cloisters, near her hometown of Baltimore, Maryland. Regarding her marriage, <mask> said that they are "private people" and told one interviewer, "I will throw my career away before I let it break up our marriage. I made it clear to Will. I'd throw it away completely".The pair produce films through their joint production company, Overbrook Entertainment and Westbrook Inc. In April 2013, <mask> <mask> caused many to believe she and Will were in an open marriage after stating in an interview: "I've always told Will, 'You can do whatever you want as long as you can look at yourself in the mirror and be okay'. Because at the end of the day, Will is his own man. I'm here as his partner, but he is his own man". However, she denied such, clarifying her statements on Facebook, writing: "Open marriage? The statement I made in regard to, 'Will can do whatever he wants', has illuminated the need to discuss the relationship between trust and love and how they co-exist". <mask> and Will have two children, Jaden (born 1998), and Willow (born 2000).She is also the stepmother of <mask>, Will's son from a previous marriage. Will commented in 2008 on their parenting styles: "We're not strict but we definitely believe it's a very important component for rearing children. It creates safety for them. They understand that they need guidance." The family resides in a  home, on , in Malibu.

masks:
Jada
Jada
Jada
Jada
Jada
Pinkett
Smith
Jada
Trey Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 Controversy
In May 2014, <mask> and Will's parenting skills were questioned when Moisés Arias, who was 20 at the time, was photographed shirtless in a bed with then-13-year-old <mask>, which triggered an investigation by the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services. Scientology
After meeting Tom Cruise during the filming of Collateral in 2004, Pinkett <mask> and <mask> donated US$20,000 to the Hollywood Education and Literacy Program (HELP), Scientology's basis for homeschooling.Affairs
In late June 2020, singer August Alsina claimed that he and <mask> had been involved in an affair in 2016, with <mask>'s permission. A spokesman for <mask> <mask> denied the claims, saying they were "absolutely not true". On July 10, during an episode of Red Table Talk featuring <mask>, <mask> <mask> confirmed an "entanglement" with Alsina during her separation from Will, although not with Will's permission. <mask> said Alsina misconstrued it as permission because she and Will were "separated amicably". <mask> <mask> further claimed she wanted to "heal" Alsina, but needed to find healing for herself first. She eventually got back with Will after breaking things off with Alsina and stated she has not spoken to him since. After <mask> <mask>'s use of the word "entanglement" went viral on the Internet, Alsina released a collaboration titled "Entanglements" with rapper Rick Ross on July 19, 2020, singing "The definition of entanglement is when you get tangled in the sheets".In 2021, <mask> <mask> stated that she was guilty of having an affair with a man; <mask> also admitted to having had sex outside the marriage as well. Filmography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

Wicked Wisdom
New Village

masks:
Jada
Willow Smith
Smith
Smith
Jada
Will Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Will Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Jada
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Pinkett
Smith
Will Smith


title: Jada Pinkett Smith

texts:
 Leadership Academy

1971 births
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from Baltimore
African-American women singer-songwriters
<mask>
African-American film producers
African-American rock singers
American women heavy metal singers
Musicians from Baltimore
Philadelphia 76ers owners
Singers from Los Angeles
American women rock singers
American heavy metal singers
American television actresses
African-American actresses
American film actresses
American voice actresses
African-American businesspeople
American women in business
Nu metal singers
American women film producers
American film producers
Television producers from California
American women television producers
Comedians from Maryland
Singer-songwriters from Maryland
Time 100
21st-century African-American women singers
University of North Carolina alumni
Singer-songwriters from


title: Ron Arias

texts:
<mask> (born November 30, 1941) is a former senior writer and correspondent for People magazine and People en Español. He is also a highly regarded author whose novel The Road to Tamazunchale has been recognized as a milestone in Chicano literature. About Arias' most recent work of fiction, The Wetback and Other Stories (2016), author Paul Theroux writes, "I felt reading these wonderful stories that I was admitted to an adjacent neighborhood, a rich culture that is another world—call it Amexica—both mysterious and magical, that is persuasive through its tenderness. My hope is that <mask> continues to write short stories that tell us who we are." Early life
A Los Angeles native, Arias spent his early years in a neighborhood located between the Los Angeles River and Elysian Park known as Frog Town or Elysian Valley, the allegorical setting for much of his fictional work. Career

Journalism
<mask>' journalism career began in 1962 in Argentina working for the English-language daily newspaper, Buenos Aires Herald. Later, he became a Peace Corps volunteer near Cusco, Peru, contributing to the Christian Science Monitor an eyewitness account of a massacre of farmers by government troops.He also worked for a year on the Daily Journal in Caracas, Venezuela, thereafter publishing as a freelancer to various publications, including The Nation, the Los Angeles Times, Hispanic Link, and Nuestro magazine. In 1985 <mask> began work as a People magazine senior writer with a global beat. His feature byline stories focused on all manner of people in war, famine, hurricanes, earthquakes and other calamities. Of his time as the magazine's parachute journalist, Arias has said, "On every continent, I covered five wars, famine,

masks:
Ronald Francis Arias
Ron Arias
Arias
Arias


title: Ron Arias

texts:
 earthquakes, hurricanes, all kinds of disasters in Haiti, Somalia, Ethiopia, Australia, Vietnam, Moscow, you name it." His first major disaster article was the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, which he was assigned simply because he was the only staff member fluent in Spanish. Literary work
Arias' work is influenced by twentieth-century Latin American literature and he has been called "a post-modernist who integrates in his fiction a keen eye for actual Mexican-American experience." The Road to Tamazunchale
<mask>' best known work is the novel The Road to Tamazunchale, for which numerous critical studies exist.The Road to Tamazunchale depicts the last days of Fausto Tejada, an old widower being cared for by his teenage niece in Los Angeles and occasionally visited by the spirit of his dead wife. Fausto spends his final days in a number of fantastic scenarios that suggest magic realism. Tamazunchale, while a real place, serves here as a metaphorical place, a magical place where wishes come true but that can never really be reached; the real town is never shown in the novel, but is used in the fantastical play that Fausto and his neighbors create called "The Road to Tamazunchale". The novel radically breaks with the tradition of Chicano literature that focuses on learning to understand reality, constructing a Chicano version of history and bringing order to the world. Instead, Arias' protagonist is more a creator of worlds than an interpreter of them. Chicano Literature: A Reference Guide'''s entry for Arias describes The Road to Tamazunchale as a breakthrough work of Chicano fiction:

A feature film adaptation of The Road to Tamazunchale entitled Fausto's Road is in the works. The Wetback and Other


title: Ron Arias

texts:
 Stories
According to Arias himself, The Wetback and Other Stories, a collection of short stories inspired by the Mexican-American denizens of the Elysian Valley of his youth, is an attempt to "bridge the white world and the darker Spanish-speaking world":

Personal life
While a student at UCLA, Arias met and quickly married his wife Joan, then working towards her doctorate in Hispanic languages and literature.Their only son is filmmaker <mask>, currently residing in Tokyo, Japan. Arias is an accomplished potter (retiring from People having ignited a previously dormant passion for the fine arts). Awards and honors
1975 National Book Award, nominee, The Road to Tamazunchale
1975 University of California, Irvine, Chicano/Latino Literary Prize, first prize, The Wetback
2003 Latino Literary Hall of Fame Award, best biography, Moving Target2004 Los Angeles Press Club Award for wire service/daily or weekly newspaper bureau, People magazine's coverage of the Laci Peterson murder
2016 Peace Corps Award, The Wetback and Other StoriesList of works
FictionThe Road to Tamazunchale (1975) — Arias' seminal novel about the fantastical journeys of an old man approaching death, National Book Award nominee.The Wetback and Other Stories (2016) — a collection of short fiction about the Mexican-American inhabitants of Los Angeles' Elysian Valley neighborhood. Martinez, Eliud; "<mask>' The Road to Tamazunchale: Novel of the New Reality"  Latin American Literary Review, 1977; 10: 51-63. Gingerich, Willard. "Aspects of Prose Style in Three Chicano Novels: Pocho, Bless Me, Ultima, and The Road to Tamazunchale"  pp. 206–228 IN: Ornstein-Galicia, Jacob (ed.); Metcalf, Allan (bibliog. ); Form and Function in Chicano English.

masks:
Michael Arias
Ron Arias


title: Ron Arias

texts:
 Rowley, MA: Newbury House; 1984. Nieto, Eva Margarita. "The Dialectics of Textual Interpolation in <mask>' The Road to Tamazunchale" pp. 239–246 IN: Lattin, Vernon E. (ed.); Contemporary Chicano Fiction: A Critical Survey. Binghamton, NY: Bilingual; 1986. Lerat, Christian. "Ultime va-et-vient entre l'ici et l'ailleurs dans The Road to Tamazunchale" pp. 189–202 IN: Béranger, Jean (ed. ); L'Ici et l'ailleurs: Multilinguisme et multiculturalisme en Amérique du Nord. Bordeaux: Presses de l'Université de Bordeaux; 1991.Fabre, Geneviève; "Leave-Taking and Retrieving in The Road to Tamazunchale and The Ultraviolet Sky"  The Bilingual Review/La Revista Bilingüe, 1991 May-Dec; 16 (2-3): 171-79. Herrera, Andrea O'Reilly; "<mask>' The Road to Tamazunchale and the Idea of Death"  The Americas Review: A Review of Hispanic Literature and Art of the USA, 1994 Fall-Winter; 22 (3-4): 114-24. Martín-Rodríguez, Manuel M. "Border Crisscrossing: The (Long and Winding) Road to Tamazunchale". pp. 181–206 IN: Hawley, John C. (ed. and introd. ); Cross-Addressing: Resistance Literature and Cultural Borders''.Albany, NY: State U of New York P; 1996. External links
Peace Corps Online (accessed March 2008)
UCLA bio (accessed March 2008)

American writers of Mexican descent
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
Living people
1941 births
University of Barcelona alumni
University of California, Los Angeles alumni
American magazine journalists
Hispanic and Latino American novelists
Hispanic and Latino American journalists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
21st-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male

masks:
Ron Arias
Ron Arias


title: José Eduardo dos Santos

texts:
<mask> (; born 28 August 1942) is an Angolan politician who served as the president of Angola from 1979 to 2017. As President, <mask> was also the commander in chief of the Angolan Armed Forces (FAA) and President of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), the party that has ruled Angola since it gained independence in 1975. He was the second-longest-serving president in Africa, surpassed only by President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo of Equatorial Guinea, who took power less than two months before <mask>. Early life and education
<mask>, born in what is today the district of Sambizanga in Luanda, is the son of <mask> and <mask>. He attended primary school in Luanda, and received his secondary education at the Liceu Salvador Correia, today called Mutu ya Kevela. While in school, <mask> joined the MPLA, which marked the beginning of his political career. Due to repression by the colonial government, <mask> went into exile in neighbouring Congo-Brazzaville in 1961.From there he collaborated with the MPLA and soon became an official member of the party. To continue with his education he moved to the Soviet Union, where by 1969, he received degrees in petroleum engineering and in radar communications, from the Azerbaijan Oil and Chemistry Institute in Baku, Azerbaijan. Military career
In 1970, he returned to Angola, which was still a Portuguese territory known as the Overseas Province of Angola. He served for three years in the MPLA's EPLA guerrilla force (Exército Para a Libertação de Angola), later known as the People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA), the military wing of the MPLA, becoming a radio transmitter in the second political-military region of the MPLA in Cabinda Province. In 1974, he was promoted to sub-commander of the telecoms service of the second region. He was the MPLA representative to Yugoslavia, Zaire and the People's Republic of China before he was elected to the Central Committee and Politburo of the MPLA in Moxico in September 1974. Political career

Early positions
In June 1975, <mask> became

masks:
José Eduardo dos Santos
José Eduardo dos Santos
dos Santos
Eduardo dos Santos
Avelino Eduardo dos Santos
Jacinta José Paulino
dos Santos
dos Santos
dos Santos


title: José Eduardo dos Santos

texts:
 coordinator of the MPLA's Department of Foreign Affairs; he also coordinated the MPLA's Department of Health at this time.Upon Angolan independence in November 1975, the MPLA held power in Luanda, but the new MPLA government faced a civil war with the other political formations, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) and the National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA). The same year, Dos <mask> was appointed as Angola's first Minister of Foreign Affairs upon independence, and in this capacity he played a key role in obtaining diplomatic recognition for the MPLA government in 1975–76. At the MPLA's First Congress in December 1977, <mask> <mask> was re-elected to the Central Committee and Politburo. In December 1978, he was moved from the post of First Deputy Prime Minister in the government to that of Minister of Planning. After the death of Angola's first president, Agostinho Neto, on 10 September 1979, <mask> <mask> was elected president of the MPLA on 20 September 1979, and he took office as President of Angola, and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces on 21 September. He was also elected as President of the People's Assembly on 9 November 1980. Peace process
The biggest issue he had to cope with was the ongoing conflict with the main rival liberation movement, the National Union for the Total Integration of Angola (UNITA).UNITA, led by Jonas Savimbi and supported by South Africa and the United States, never fully recognized the legitimacy of MPLA as the ruling government of Angola and triggered several armed conflicts over the years to express its opposition. The resulting 27-year civil war ravaged the country and the Angolan economy. The war was also marked by intense foreign intervention, since the Soviet Union and Cuba backed the MPLA government and the US and South Africa supported UNITA as a way to limit the expansion of Soviet influence in Africa. On 29 and 30 September 1992, after 16 years of fighting that killed up to 300,000 people, elections were held in Angola, under United Nations supervision. <mask> <mask> won the

masks:
Santos
Eduardo dos
Santos
José Eduardo
dos Santos
José Eduardo
dos Santos


title: José Eduardo dos Santos

texts:
 election against his main rival, Jonas Savimbi (49.57% vs. 40.07%). However, as he had not reached the absolute majority, a second round would have been necessary for his becoming the constitutional president. This second round never took place, as UNITA declared it did not recognize the election.A three-day war then started, during which the Halloween Massacre occurred, when tens of thousands of UNITA protestors were killed nationwide by MPLA forces. Savimbi then decided to give up on the elections, alleging voting fraud, and immediately resumed the civil war. Meanwhile, <mask> remained in office. In 1993, while Savimbi and UNITA refused to give up territory won through battle, the United States, involved in settling peace talks between the two rival parties and leaders in order to work out a power-sharing arrangement, decided to withdraw their support from UNITA and officially recognize <mask> and the MPLA government as the official ruling body in Angola. The death of UNITA's leader Jonas Savimbi in February 2002 enabled the resumption of peace process. On April 4, the Angolan army and the rebels agreed to a ceasefire, and peace was officially declared on August 2. While recognized as an official political party by the Angolan government, UNITA agreed to demobilize its armed forces, made up of 50,000 fighters, and agreed for them to be integrated into the national security forces.Following that decision, the UN Security Council reopened United Nations offices in Angola and authorized the United Nations Mission in Angola (UNMA), aimed at consolidating peace in the country. Governance issues after end of civil war

In 2001, <mask> announced that he would step down at the next presidential election. However, in December 2003 he was reelected as head of the MPLA and no further presidential election took place, despite these being announced for 2006, then 2007, and finally 2009. After a legislative election in 2008 in which the ruling MPLA won a landslide victory, the party started working on a new constitution that was introduced early in 2010. Under the

masks:
dos Santos
dos Santos
dos Santos


title: José Eduardo dos Santos

texts:
 terms of the new constitution, the president is elected by first-past-the-post double simultaneous vote for the same term as the assembly, and may serve a maximum of two terms. Each participating party nominates a presidential candidate as top of its list, who must be clearly identified on the ballot paper. The top candidate of the party receiving the most votes is elected president..

<mask> <mask> reportedly escaped an assassination attempt on 24 October 2010 when a vehicle tried to intercept his car as he was returning from the beach with his family.His escort opened fire killing two passengers in the vehicle, and weapons were found on board. This incident has not been confirmed by any other source. In February–March 2011, and then again in September 2011, demonstrations against <mask> were organized in Luanda by young Angolans, mostly via the Internet. In the 2012 legislative election, his party, the MPLA, won more than two-thirds of the votes. As <mask> had been the top candidate of the party, he automatically became president, in line with the constitution adopted in 2010. In September 2014, <mask> <mask> announced the end of the cumulation of the position of provincial governor with provincial first secretary of the MPLA. This measure aimed to improve the operation of the provincial administration and the municipal administrations, as a way to adjust the governance model to a new context and bigger demand for public services.Contribution to economic development

As President, <mask> continued the task of economic and political reconstruction begun by his predecessor. In the early 1990s, <mask> progressively abandoned the Marxist ideology and established a liberalised free-market economy in Angola, setting the country on the path to becoming sub-Saharan Africa's third largest economy, following South Africa and Nigeria, the second largest African oil producer and a top destination for foreign investment in Africa. In November 2006, <mask> cofounded the African Countries Diamond Producers Association, an organization of approximately 20 African

masks:
José Eduardo
dos Santos
dos Santos
dos Santos
José Eduardo
dos Santos
dos Santos
dos Santos
dos Santos