title: Jessica Yaniv

texts:
 and was an advocate for the "all-bodies swim" at a Langley township public pool.The proposed event was to be for ages 12 and up, with clothing above the waist optional, and with parents and caretakers prohibited. Human rights complaints and other litigation

2018
In 2018, <mask> filed discrimination complaints with the British Columbia Human Rights Tribunal against multiple waxing salons alleging that they refused to provide genital waxing to her because she is transgender. In Canada's first major court case to deal with alleged transgender discrimination, <mask> sought as much as $15,000 in damages from each beautician. In their defence, estheticians said they lacked training on waxing male genitalia and they were not comfortable doing so for personal or religious reasons. They further argued that being transgender was not the issue for them, rather having male genitalia was. <mask> rejected the claim that special training in waxing male genitalia was necessary, and during the hearings equated the denial of the service to neo-Nazism. Respondents were typically working from home, were non-white, and were immigrants who did not speak English.Two of the businesses were forced to shut down due to the complaints. With regards to <mask> making alleged racist comments toward the respondents, she said: "Yes, I did publish 'racist remarks' because being denied services daily from the East Indian community at any business, sucks," adding: "The immigrants are targeting trans people. We are the victims, not them." In October 2019, the Tribunal ruled against <mask> and ordered her to pay $6,000 in restitution split equally among three of the service providers. The ruling was critical of <mask>, with Tribunal Member Devyn Cousineau stating that she "targeted small businesses, manufactured the conditions for a human rights complaint, and then leveraged that complaint to pursue a financial settlement from parties who were unsophisticated and unlikely to mount a proper defence." She also said Yaniv had likely made respondents "feel uncomfortable or awkward for her own amusement or as a form of revenge". The Tribunal concluded that she had been financially motivated in

masks: Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv


title: Jessica Yaniv

type: original

texts:
 10 of the 13 complaints, was untruthful on the central aspect of her complaint, and had made "scurrilous attacks" on one of the respondents.The ruling also found <mask> to be deceptive as she had used different Facebook accounts with different names and photos to engage the same esthetician. Cousineau added that <mask> was "motivated to punish racialized and immigrant women based on her perception that certain ethnic groups, namely South Asian and Asian communities are 'taking over' and advancing an agenda hostile to the interests of LGBTQ+ people." For this reason the Tribunal ruled not only that, since none of the salons advertised waxing services for male genitals (e.g. scrotum), they did not discriminate against <mask> on the basis of her gender identity, but also rejected the complaint regarding the refusal to wax <mask>'s arms and legs. An appeal by <mask> against the verdict was rejected in November 2019. The Tribunal found that the complainant's pattern of filing a large number of complaints and then withdrawing them when the respondent mounted a defence to be improper. It rejected finding that she was a vexatious litigant, rather characterizing her as a "frequent litigant".Of <mask>, the ruling also said: "Once her identity and role in these complaints was revealed, she faced a torrent of backlash and hatred, and from that point onward was representing herself in very difficult circumstances." 2019
On January 7, 2020, the Justice Centre for Constitutional Freedoms (JCCF), which had represented three of the original respondents, announced it was representing another salon in an additional complaint filed by <mask> in early October 2019. This represented the eighth case filed with the Tribunal by her, and <mask> told CTV News that this time she believed case law was in her favour. The Tribunal ruled that any complaint by her would be deferred for six months due to her failure to pay fines imposed by Tribunal. In September 2020 it was announced that Yaniv had dropped the complaints against two salons. 2020
In August 2020, <mask> filed a new civil suit for $11,800 against three of the female beauticians involved in the Tribunal case. In an email

masks: Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv


title: Jessica Yaniv

texts:
 to the National Post, she said that she paid the money owed to the beauticians in the Tribunal case, but they had failed to remove related liens placed against her; so, she had to sue to protect her assets.In 2020, <mask> sued the Township of Langley for $35,000 over her treatment surrounding her arrest and detainment on weapons charges in 2019. She said she experienced disability discrimination, that the cells at the jail were unsanitary, and one guard failed to provide her with diabetes medication or victim services. She also said that staff harassed her by using incorrect pronouns. Beauty pageant complaint
In October 2020, the JCCF claimed that it was representing Canada Galaxy Pageants, a beauty pageant for women and girls, against a human rights complaint lodged by Yaniv with the Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario on the basis that she had been discriminated against based on gender identity, gender expression and sex by not being accepted as a pageant contestant in the "28 Years and Older" division. The pageant has a stated policy of accepting genetic females and transgender females who have fully transitioned. The Western Standard reported that <mask> sought damages in the amount of $10,000 for "injury to dignity and feelings". 2021
In January 2021, <mask> announced that she had filed two complaints against the Langley Royal Canadian Mounted Police for discrimination with the Canadian Human Rights Commission.In January 2021, <mask> also filed small claims lawsuits in Surrey Provincial Court against Fraser Health and the Provincial Health Services Authority for allegedly breaching her personal health information in 2019. In February 2021, the Township of Langley Fire Department wrote to <mask> informing her that she would be charged if she contacted them again to request assistance getting out of a bath, alleging that she had summoned the Fire Department for this purpose dozens of time despite it not constituting a medical emergency and subjected Fire Department staff to "inappropriate and lewd conduct". <mask> responded by contesting the allegations and stating that she intended to sue the Township of Langley for libel and "other things". Impact


title: Jessica Yaniv

texts:
 and reactions
Adrienne Smith, a BC human rights lawyer, said the case with Yaniv reversed much of the success the trans community had enjoyed with the tribunal in recent times. Smith said a major problem was that Yaniv had no legal representation, which allowed Yaniv to make serious errors, such as making negative comments on social media during the proceedings, which a lawyer would have prevented. Smith said it showed a need for better Legal Aid funding, so there would be representation for cases like this. Following the filing of the complaint, <mask> "has become embroiled in Twitter feuds with conservative figures, appeared on the radio show of American conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, and been the subject of dozens of news articles and opinion pieces".Jones and several other media outlets had used <mask>'s case to rile their followers. The case garnered international attention, including a segment on Tucker Carlson's Fox News channel show. Toronto Lawyer and legal academic Omar Ha-Redeye stated that "those seeking to undermine the human rights regime, or to suggest that human rights have gone too far (typically in their objections to its inclusion of gender identity and gender expression), widely utilized the news stories around this case to make their point." Ha-Redeye also stated, "This case was also notable for the public spectacle it created outside of the Tribunal. It was characterized by incredible levels of hostility". Writing in July 2019, Arwa Mahdawi of The Guardian criticized the fact that the case had largely been covered by right-wing media, who she suggested normally were not concerned with the marginalized groups they showed concern for in the <mask> case. Mahdawi also opined that a woman who feels uncomfortable working with a penis should not be called a bigot, as <mask> suggested, and that such a claim "...makes a mockery of the hate crimes that are committed against trans people every day."In the Daily Utah Chronicle, KC Ellen Cushman criticized left-wing and LGBTQ+ affirming media for their hesitancy in calling out <mask> and other queer influencers for bad behavior, saying: "By allowing queer people who do bad things to avoid

masks: Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv


title: Jessica Yaniv

texts:
 scrutiny, we make a more dangerous space for everyone in the community." In the Toronto Star, Joanna Chiu reported that numerous transgender people had experienced a significant increase in online hate against them, as a result of coverage of the Yaniv Tribunal case. Chiu said transgender advocates "...worry the ruling could embolden transphobia, while the public loses sight of how marginalized the community still is in Vancouver." Australian commentator Rita Panahi called the case a "twisted form of social justice" and warned that the same could eventuate in Australia where a "woman who doesn't want to touch a stranger's penis and scrotum can be slandered as a bigot, lose her livelihood and find herself before a Human Rights Tribunal." It was cited as a factor in the centre-right Liberal-National Coalition's decision to oppose a proposed gender self-identification law in Victoria, Australia and was cited by Senator Pauline Hanson in the Parliament of Australia in support of the Australian Education Legislation Amendment (Prohibiting the Indoctrination of Children) Bill 2020. Yaniv's discrimination complaints against the waxing salons were discussed in the 2021 book Trans: When Ideology Meets Reality by journalist Helen Joyce. Legal issues

Weapons charge
<mask> was arrested by the Langley RCMP detachment on August 8, 2019, after displaying a taser in a livestreamed YouTube video.She had been debating with fellow YouTuber Blaire White when she allegedly displayed a prohibited weapon. Commenting on the case, police noted the weapon was not directed at anyone. When police raided her home, they seized two conducted electrical weapons. <mask> appeared in Surrey Provincial Court on January 13, 2020 to face weapons charges. According to Mathew Claxton in the Aldergrove Star, the Surrey Court registry indicates <mask> was found guilty of a charge of possession of a prohibited weapon, and sentenced to a conditional discharge. The Langley Advance Times reported that she received probation and a firearms prohibition. Mischief and threats charges
In December 2020, the Western Standard reported that the Langley Royal Canadian Mounted Police had charged Yaniv with

masks: Yaniv Yaniv Yaniv


title: Jessica Yaniv

texts:
 mischief and uttering threats in relation to an incident in October 2020 concerning Chris Elston.Alleged online harassment

By Yaniv
According to Joseph Brean of the National Post, <mask> has been accused by multiple people of harassment. This includes claims she used vulgar and sexualized language in online communications with underage girls. <mask> has denied these allegations. One of the allegations, was by a girl from Washington State, who said that <mask> made declarations of sexual interest over social media when the girl was 14 years old, allegations <mask> has strenuously denied. The girl shared a recording of Yaniv with the National Post, where <mask> made sexual comments using the voice of Elmo from Sesame Street. <mask> said the recording was a joke, not sent to the girl, but to a friend. Against <mask>
In 2019, interactions on Twitter by Canadian feminist author Meghan Murphy and <mask> resulted in Murphy being banned from the platform.Murphy had misgendered <mask> by calling her "him", in violation of Twitter's hate and harassment policy. Murphy unsuccessfully sued Twitter over the ban. Twitter also (at first permanently) banned Lindsay Shepherd, a Canadian columnist, from its platform on 14 July 2019 as a result of interactions with <mask>. In their exchange Yaniv said "I heard @realDonaldTrump is building a wall inside of your uterus aka your 'reproductive abnormality' hopefully the wall works as intended", to which Shepherd responded "At least I have a uterus, you fat ugly man". Twitter advised Shepherd she had violated its rules against hateful content. Critics accused Twitter of "double standards" after allowing Yaniv "to go unpunished". Shepherd's Twitter account was reinstated later in July 2019.References

Further reading

External links

Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Transgender rights activists
People from Langley, British Columbia (district municipality)
Kwantlen Polytechnic University alumni
People from Surrey, British Columbia
Canadian beauty pageant contestants
Transgender and transsexual women
Canadian women activists
LGBT rights activists from Canada
Activists from British Columbia
Women civil rights

masks:
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv
Jessica Yaniv
Yaniv
Yaniv


title: Paul Aguilar

texts:
<mask> (born 6 March 1986) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a right-back for Liga MX club Juárez. Aguilar represented Mexico at the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cup, as well as the 2011 and 2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup, and the Copa América Centenario. Club career

Pachuca
<mask> began his career with Pachuca Club de Fútbol in 2002. He started off in Pachuca's affiliate (second division) team, Pachuca Juniors. In 2004, he was loaned to Indios de Ciudad Juárez for two seasons in order to gain more experience. After returning to Pachuca in 2005 and making 27 appearances with the "B team" (Pachuca Juniors), Aguilar made his first-team debut in the 2006 Apertura tournament on 6 August in a match against Cruz Azul, with the match ending in a 2–3 defeat. <mask>r played the entire ninety minutes and scored a goal in the 56th minute of the game.Pachuca won the 2007 Clausura championship after defeating América in the final. <mask>r became a mainstay within the squad and won the confidence of manager Enrique Meza. Aguilar would barely miss a game since earning a starting position at right-back during the 2008 Clausura. <mask>r also participated in the 2008 and 2010 FIFA Club World Cups with Pachuca. His performance with the club earned him a spot in the final 23-man national team squad who would play the 2010 FIFA World Cup. After five years and ten seasons with Pachuca, <mask> was sold to América for the 2011 Apertura in exchange for Juan Carlos Silva and Enrique Esqueda. América

On 23 May 2011, Aguilar officially joined Club América for the Apertura tournament.<mask> made his debut with América on 31 July in a league match against Toluca, which ended in a 1–1 draw. Upon his arrival Aguilar became a popular player with the club's fans. He scored his first goal with América in the 90th minute against arch-rivals Guadalajara in the Súper Clásico. On 26 May 2013, <mask> won his first title with América after defeating Cruz Azul in the

masks:
Paul Nicolás Aguilar Rojas
Paul Aguilar
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguilar
Aguilar
Paul Aguilar


title: Paul Aguilar

texts:
 Clausura final, playing in both legs. On 26 March 2014, Aguilar signed a two-year contract extension with América, which will keep him at the club until 2016. Aguilar had previously stated publicly that he would like to end his career at América. Aguilar made his 100th league appearance for América on 30 May in the 4–0 win over Guadalajara.Prior to the first-leg of the 2014 Apertura semifinal series against Monterrey, it was reported that Aguilar was separated from the squad by manager Antonio Mohamed due to an alleged dressing-room confrontation between the two. On 2 December 2020, <mask>r left Club América. Juarez
On 19 July 2021, he signed with Juárez. International career

Mexico national team

In October 2007, <mask>r received his first call-up by coach Hugo Sánchez to play a friendly match against Nigeria, however he did no see playing time. In 2009, Aguilar was called-up again, this time by coach Javier Aguirre, and made his debut with the national team on 30 September in a friendly match against Colombia. The match ended in a 1–2 defeat, with Aguilar played the entire 90 minutes and scoring Mexico's only goal. In early 2010, Aguirre called-up Aguilar for a series of international friendlies in preparation for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.Mexico's first game of 2010 was a 5–0 win over Bolivia, in which <mask> scored his second goal for Mexico in only his second appearance. He eventually made the final 23-player roster for the World Cup. He started in the tournament's inaugural match against hosts South Africa, but was substituted out for Andrés Guardado in the 55th minute. He did not participate in any of the next three matches. Aguilar was a part of the winning squad at the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, however he only saw playing time in the semi-final match against Honduras. Aguilar also participated in the 2011 Copa America held in Argentina, playing in all three group matches as a right-back. In 2012, he saw no activity with the national

masks:
Paul Aguila
Paul Aguila
Paul


title: Christina, Queen of Sweden

texts:
 Treaty of Brömsebro Denmark added the isles of Gotland and Ösel to Christina's domain while Norway lost the districts of Jämtland and Härjedalen to her. Under Christina's rule, Sweden, now virtually controlling the Baltic Sea, had unrestricted access to the North Sea and was no longer encircled by Denmark–Norway. In 1649, Louis de Geer founded the Swedish Africa Company and in 1650, Christina hired Hendrik <mask> to improve trade on Gold Coast. In 1649, with the help of her uncle, John Casimir, and her cousins, Christina tried to reduce the influence of Oxenstierna, and she declared John Casimir's son, her cousin Charles Gustav, as her heir presumptive. The following year, Christina resisted demands from the other estates (clergy, burghers, and peasants) in the Riksdag of the Estates for the reduction of the number of noble landholdings that were tax-exempt.She never implemented such a policy. Thirty Years' War

Her father, Gustavus Adolphus, had come to the aid of the German Protestants in the Thirty Years' War, to diminish Catholic influence and gain economic influence in the German states around the Baltic Sea. He won several battles, and in 1631, Cardinal Richelieu decided France would support Sweden with money and soldiers. But Gustavus was killed in 1632. Count Oxenstierna became regent and continued Sweden's part in the war. Defeated in the Battle of Nördlingen (1634), the Swedish army retreated from southern Germany to Pomerania. Though Sweden won some later battles, the war effort was exhausting.Christina reached her majority in 1644, and Chancellor Oxenstierna soon discovered that her political


title: Christina, Queen of Sweden

texts: valuable illustrated works and rare manuscripts. The inventory drawn up at the time mentions 100 an allerhand Kunstbüchern ("a hundred art books of different kinds"), among them two world-famous manuscripts: Codex Gigas and Codex Argenteus.In 1648, she commissioned 35 paintings from Jacob Jordaens for a ceiling in Uppsala Castle. In 1649, 760 paintings, 170 marble and 100 bronze statues, 33,000 coins and medallions, 600 pieces of crystal, 300 scientific instruments, manuscripts and books (including the  by Rabanus Maurus, the  and the ) were transported to Stockholm. The art, from Prague Castle, had belonged to Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor and was captured by <mask> von Königsmarck during the Battle of Prague and the negotiations of the Peace of Westphalia. By 1649–1650, "her desire to collect men of learning round her, as well as books and rare manuscripts, became almost a mania," Goldsmith wrote. To catalogue her new collection she asked Isaac Vossius to come to Sweden and Heinsius to purchase more books on the market. The "Semiramis from the North" corresponded with Pierre Gassendi, her favorite author. Blaise Pascal offered her a copy of his pascaline.She had a firm grasp of classical history and philosophy. Christina studied Neostoicism, the Church Fathers, and Islam; she systematically looked for a copy of the Treatise of the Three Impostors, a work bestowing doubt on all organized religion. In 1651, the kabbalist Menasseh ben Israel offered to become her agent or librarian for Hebrew books and manuscripts; they discussed his messianic ideas as he had recently spelled them out in his latest book, Hope


title: Carly Rae Jepsen

texts: <mask>n (born November 21, 1985) is a Canadian singer, songwriter, and actress. Born and raised in Mission, British Columbia, Jepsen pursued a musical theatre program at the Canadian College of Performing Arts in Victoria, British Columbia. After completing her studies, she relocated to Vancouver and competed on the fifth season of Canadian Idol in 2007, placing third. In 2008, Jepsen released her folk-influenced debut studio album, Tug of War, in Canada. Jepsen's breakthrough came in 2012, when her single "Call Me Maybe" achieved significant mainstream popularity; the song was the best-selling single of that year, reaching number one in 18 countries. As a result, she was signed to a joint worldwide record deal with School Boy Records and Interscope Records. Jepsen's second studio album, Kiss, was released later that year.It marked a greater shift into mainstream pop music and saw fair commercial success, reaching the top ten in Canada and the United States. In 2014, Jepsen made her Broadway stage debut as the titular character in Cinderella. The following year, she released her third studio album, Emotion. It is noted for its influence from 1980s music as well as blending dance-pop and synth-pop with indie sensibilities. While less commercially successful than Kiss, it saw the success of its lead single, "I Really Like You", and received wide critical acclaim. In 2016 Jepsen performed in the television special Grease: Live and lent her voice to the animated


title: Carly Rae Jepsen

texts:
 film Ballerina. Her fourth studio album, Dedicated, was released on May 17, 2019 and was similarly well-received by fans and critics.Jepsen released a follow-up album titled Dedicated Side B one year later. Jepsen has received numerous awards and accolades, including three Juno Awards, a Billboard Music Award, and an Allan Slaight Award, as well as nominations for Grammy Awards, MTV Video Music Awards, Polaris Music Prize and People's Choice Awards. , Jepsen has sold over 25 million records worldwide. Life and career

1985−2006: Early life and career beginnings
Jepsen was born in Mission, British Columbia, to Alexandra Lanzarotta and <mask>, the second of their three children. She is of Danish, English and Scottish descent. Jepsen has an older brother, Colin, and a younger sister, Katie. She attended Heritage Park Secondary School, and she pursued her passion for musical theatre by appearing in student productions of Annie, Grease, and The Wiz, playing the respective lead roles of Annie, Sandy Olsson and Dorothy Gale.Her parents and stepparents were teachers, so Jepsen considered a career in music instruction as a second option. She applied to music-related programs, including those at Capilano University and the University of British Columbia. Her high school drama teacher, Beverly Holmes, persuaded her to audition for the Canadian College of Performing Arts in Victoria, British Columbia. She was one of 25 female students to gain admission into its year-long


title: Carly Rae Jepsen

texts:
 can have her own world: technicolored-hued, insular but not exclusionary, where absurdity and enthusiasm are equally cherished". In 2019, Insider writer, Libby Torres, called Jepsen an "Artist of the Decade" saying that her "impact extends far beyond music, as she's often celebrated as a queer icon". She also stated that Jepsen's "subversively catchy lyrics, slick musical arrangements, and pop experimentation have made her a true star". Time writer, Raisa Bruner, stated that Jepsen had a "cult of popularity" and mentioned the "ongoing compliment-spam that adorns her social media profiles, with each fan proclaiming her queen of something". Marie-Ève Venne, writer for Dress to Kill stated that recently, Jepsen has "embraced a more mature pop queen persona, showcasing a modern and sophisticated sound". American Singer-Songwriter Maggie Rogers credits Jepsen's 'Emotion' with inspiring her to pursue Pop music. She told The Line of Best Fit, "'Run Away With Me' was the first pop song that I ever really fell in love with and it made me understand there was a version of pop music that I could make, that could combine all the things I love."Activism
<mask> was scheduled to perform at the Boy Scouts of America 2013 National Scout Jamboree, along with the band Train, but in March 2013, both cited the BSA policy on homosexuals as a barrier to their performance. Jepsen released a statement stating, "As an artist who believes in equality for all people, I will not be


title: Ken Ham

texts:
<mask> (born 20 October 1951) is an Australian Christian fundamentalist, young Earth creationist and apologist, living in the United States. He is the founder, CEO, and former president of Answers in Genesis (AiG), a Christian apologetics organization that operates the Creation Museum and the Ark Encounter. <mask> advocates biblical literalism, accepting the Book of Genesis creation narrative as historical fact and believing the universe and the Earth were created together approximately 6,000 years ago, contrary to the scientific consensus that the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old and the universe is about 13.8 billion years old. Early life
<mask> was born 20 October 1951 in Cairns, Queensland. His father, Mervyn, was a Christian educator who served as a school principal in several schools throughout Queensland. <mask> earned a bachelor's degree in applied science (with an emphasis on environmental biology) from the Queensland Institute of Technology and holds a Diploma in Education from the University of Queensland. While at university, he was influenced by John C. Whitcomb and Henry M. Morris's 1961 book The Genesis Flood.Upon graduation in 1975, <mask> began teaching science at a high school in Dalby, Queensland. Career

In 1977, <mask> began teaching at a high school in Brisbane, where he met John Mackay, another teacher who believed in young Earth creationism. According to Susan and William Trollinger, <mask> was "appalled by the fact that some of his students assumed their textbooks that taught evolutionary science successfully proved the Bible to be untrue," and he said the experience "put a 'fire in my bones' to do something about the influence that evolutionary thinking was having on students and the public as a whole." In 1979, he resigned his teaching position and, with his wife, founded Creation Science Supplies and Creation Science Educational Media Services, which provided resources for the teaching of creationism in the public schools of Queensland, a practice allowed at the time. In 1980, the Hams and Mackay merged the two organizations with Carl Wieland's

masks:
Kenneth Alfred Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham


title: Ken Ham

texts:
 Creation Science Association to form the Creation Science Foundation (CSF). As CSF's work expanded, <mask> moved to the United States in January 1987 to engage in speaking tours with another young Earth creationist organization, the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). His "Back to Genesis" lecture series focused on three major themes – that evolutionary theory had led to cultural decay, that a literal reading of the first eleven chapters of the Book of Genesis contained the true origin of the universe and a pattern for society, and that Christians should engage in a culture war against atheism and humanism.With his popularity growing in the United States, <mask> left ICR in 1994 and, with colleagues Mark Looy and Mike Zovath, founded Creation Science Ministries with the assistance of what is now Creation Ministries International (Australia). In 1997, <mask>'s organization changed its name to Answers in Genesis. From the time AiG was founded, <mask> planned to open a museum and training center near its headquarters in Florence, Kentucky, telling an Australian Broadcasting Corporation interviewer in 2007, "Australia's not really the place to build such a facility if you're going to reach the world. Really, America is." In a separate interview with The Sydney Morning Herald'''s Paul Sheehan, <mask> explained, "One of the main reasons [AiG] moved [to Florence] was because we are within one hour's flight of 69 percent of America's population." The  museum, located in Petersburg, Kentucky,  west of the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, opened 27 May 2007. In February 2018, <mask> was disinvited from the University of Central Oklahoma, where he was scheduled to speak, after an LGBTQ student group objected.Later that month, UCO reinvited <mask> to speak, and <mask> spoke on March 5 as planned. Disputes with CMI and GHC
At the end of 2005, the AiG Confederation crumbled due to a disagreement between <mask> and Carl Wieland over the "differences in philosophy and operation". This disagreement led to <mask> effectively retaining the leadership of the UK and American

masks: Ham Ham Ham Ham Ham Ham Ham Ham Ham Ham


title: Ken Ham

texts:
 branches while Wieland served as managing director of the Australian branch and the smaller offices in Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. This splitting into two groups led to the Australian branch renaming themselves Creation Ministries International (CMI). The AiG stayed with Ham and continued to expand its staff and work closely with the Institute for Creation Research (ICR). Young Earth creationist Kurt Wise was recruited by <mask> as a consultant to help with the concluding phases of the museum project. In May 2007, Creation Ministries International (CMI) filed a lawsuit against Ham and AiG in the Supreme Court of Queensland seeking damages and accusing him of deceptive conduct in his dealings with the Australian organization.Members of the group expressed "concern over Mr. <mask>'s domination of the groups, the amount of money being spent on his fellow executives and a shift away from delivering the creationist message to raising donations." <mask> was accused of trying to send the Australian ministry into bankruptcy. According to the CMI website, this dispute was amicably settled in April 2009. In 2008, <mask> appeared in Bill Maher's comedy-documentary Religulous. AiG criticized the movie for what it called Maher's "dishonesty last year in gaining access to the Creation Museum and AiG President <mask>." In March 2011, the board of Great Homeschool Conventions, Inc. (GHC) voted to disinvite <mask> and AiG from future conventions. Conference organizer Brennan Dean stated <mask> had made "unnecessary, ungodly, and mean-spirited statements that are divisive at best and defamatory at worst".Dean stated further, "We believe Christian scholars should be heard without the fear of ostracism or ad hominem attacks." The disinvitation occurred after <mask> criticized Peter Enns of The BioLogos Foundation, who advocated a symbolic, rather than literal, interpretation of the fall of Adam and Eve. <mask> accused Enns of espousing "outright liberal theology that totally undermines the authority of the Word of God". Bill Nye–<mask> debate

In February 2014, <mask> debated American

masks:
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ken Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ken Ham
Ham


title: Ken Ham

texts:
 science educator and engineer Bill Nye (popularly known as "Bill Nye the Science Guy") on the topic of whether young Earth creationism is a viable model of origins in the contemporary scientific era. Critics expressed concern that the debate lent the appearance of scientific legitimacy to creationism while also stimulating <mask>'s fundraising. Nye said the debate was "an opportunity to expose the well-intending <mask> and the support he receives from his followers as being bad for Kentucky, bad for science education, bad for the U.S., and thereby bad for humankind." <mask> said that publicity generated by the debate helped stimulate construction of the Ark Encounter theme park, which had been stalled for lack of funds.The Ark Encounter opened on 7 July 2016, a date (7/7) chosen to correspond with Genesis 7:7, the Bible verse that describes Noah entering the ark. The following day, Nye visited Ark Encounter, and he and <mask> had an informal debate. Beliefs
Creationism
According to <mask>, he was inspired by his father, also a young Earth creationist, to interpret the Book of Genesis as "literal history" and first rejected what he termed "molecules-to-man evolution" during high school. As a young Earth creationist and biblical inerrantist, <mask> believes that the Book of Genesis is historical fact. <mask> believes the age of the Universe to be about 6,000 years and asserts that Noah's flood occurred about 4,400 years ago in approximately 2348 BC. Astrophysical measurements and radiometric dating show that the age of the universe is about 13.8 billion years and the age of the Earth is about 4.5 billion years. Arguing that knowledge of evolution and the Big Bang require observation rather than inference, <mask> urges asking scientists and science educators, "Were you there?"The Talk.origins archive responds that the evidence for evolution "was there," and that knowledge serves to determine what occurred in the past and when. "Were you there?" questions also invalidate creationism as science—an argument with which <mask> himself agrees. Sexuality
<mask> believes that abortion,

masks:
Ham
Ken Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham


title: Ken Ham

texts:
 same-sex marriage, homosexuality, and being transgender "are all attacks on the true family God ordained in Scripture". He believes that Christians should "take back the rainbow", a popular symbol for the LGBT movement. As a condition for employment at the Ark Encounter, AiG, as directed by <mask>, requires workers to sign a statement that they view homosexuality as a sin. Other beliefs
<mask> rejects the scientific consensus on climate change.Reception
Chris Mooney, of Slate'' magazine, believes <mask>'s advocacy of young Earth creation will "undermine science education and U.S. science literacy". But Andrew O'Hehir of Salon argues that the "liberal intelligentsia" have grossly overstated the influence of <mask> and those espousing similar views because, while "religious ecstasy, however nonsensical, is powerful in a way reason and logic are not", advocates like <mask> "represent a marginalized constituency with little power". <mask> has been awarded honorary degrees by six Christian colleges: Temple Baptist College (1997), Liberty University (2004), Tennessee Temple University (2010), Mid-Continent University (2012), Bryan College (2017), and Mid-America Baptist Theological Seminary (2018). Personal life
<mask> is married to Marylin <mask>; the couple have five children and sixteen grandchildren. Works

Notes

References

External links

 Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine:

1951 births
Living people
20th-century Australian male writers
20th-century Australian writers
20th-century Baptists
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century Australian writers
21st-century Baptists
American Christian writers
American evangelicals
American male non-fiction writers
Australian Baptists
Australian emigrants to the United States
Australian religious writers
Baptist writers
Baptists from the United States
Christian apologists
Christian fundamentalists
Christian Young Earth creationists
Creation scientists
Critics of atheism
People from Cairns
Queensland University of Technology alumni
University of Queensland alumni
Writers from Queensland
21st-century American

masks:
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ken Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham
Ham


title: Wilson Price Hunt

texts:
<mask> (March 20, 1783 – April 13, 1842) was an early pioneer and explorer of the Oregon Country in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Employed as an agent in the fur trade under John Jacob Astor, <mask> organized and led the greater part of a group of about 60 men on an overland expedition to establish a fur trading outpost at the mouth of the Columbia River. The Astorians, as they have become known, were the first major party to cross to the Pacific after the Lewis and Clark expedition. Biography
Historical records refer to <mask> both as "William" and as "<mask>." Originally from Trenton, New Jersey, <mask> moved to St. Louis in 1804 and worked selling various merchandise for several years. In 1810 he became connected with John Jacob Astor. Astor, as part of his plan to gain a foothold on the Northwest coast and enable the development and prosecution of a more profitable trade with the Chinese, formed the Pacific Fur Company.The six partners in the Company (not including Astor) were all Canadians and former prominent figures in the North West Company, except for <mask> who was the sole American. <mask> was second in line behind Astor as "partner and first resident agent", acting as his personal representative in his absence. The company sent two simultaneous expeditions: one by sea directly to the mouth of the Columbia to establish the post, and one over the land in order to demonstrate the practicability of the route as a supply line. <mask> was placed in charge of the overland expedition and as was to assume charge at Astoria upon his arrival. <mask> had never before traveled into the interior of the west but had been engaged in the Indian trade second hand while at St. Louis supplying traders with goods and equipment. Donald McKenzie, also a partner in the company, accompanied <mask>. McKenzie had extensive wilderness

masks:
Wilson Price Hunt
Hunt
Hunt
Wilson
Hunt
Hunt
Hunt
Hunt
Hunt
Hunt


title: Wilson Price Hunt

texts: experience, having served ten years in the interior as a clerk for the Northwest Company."Under… two such leaders as <mask> and McKenzie, he [Astor] had, in fact, everything to hope and little to fear." On July 5, 1810, <mask> and McKenzie set out for St. Louis from Montreal with a number of Canadian voyageurs. En route, they continued to recruit men for the expedition. <mask> had difficulty finding quality men at Mackinaw and St. Louis. At Mackinaw, he was discouraged by the quality of the men, finding most to be "drinking in the morning, drunk at noon and dead drunk at night." In addition, he faced a steady competition for recruits amongst the more established Northwest and Mackinaw companies in Michilimackinac and the Missouri Fur Company in St. Louis. Having finally assembled a party, <mask> arrived at Nodaway, Missouri, on November 16, 1810, and settled into winter quarters.They departed April 22, 1811. In the course of traveling up the Missouri River, <mask> recruited several former Missouri Fur Company men returning from the interior. His original plan had been to ascend the Missouri and then the Yellowstone rivers, but information provided by these men regarding the hostility of the Blackfoot on the upper Missouri caused him to change course and cross to the Columbia by land. <mask> purchased horses from the Arikara tribe near present-day Pierre, South Dakota and began the long trek over land westward. The party passed along the borders of the Black Hills and Bighorn mountains then crossed the Wind River mountains into the valley of the Green River by way of Union Pass. Here they descended the Hoback River to its junction with the Snake River and crossed Teton Pass to the abandoned Fort Henry, arriving October 18, 1811. Knowing that they were now on the headwaters of the Columbia, the party anticipated the majority of their

masks: Hunt Hunt Hunt Hunt Hunt Hunt


title: Wilson Price Hunt

texts: struggles to be over, and <mask> yielded to the desires of his men to abandon the horses and embark downstream by canoe.This was a fateful decision as the course of the Snake River later proved to be completely unnavigable by canoe, forcing the party to travel by foot and causing the men to endure severe hardship. After nine days of attempting to travel the river, they lost a man and two canoes in the rapids and reconsidered their plan. Embarking on foot, they divided into four parties and took different routes to approach the mouth of the Columbia. <mask>'s party arrived on February 15, 1812. The trip from Missouri to the future site of Astoria, Oregon took 340 days. According to his own account, <mask> traveled  from the village of the Arikaras, in present-day South Dakota, to the end of the journey. A return expedition overland was led by Robert Stuart, who discovered South Pass, a key feature of the soon-to-be-established Oregon Trail.On August 4, 1812, <mask> sailed on the newly arrived ship sent by Astor, the Beaver, in order to establish trade with the Russian establishment at New Archangel in modern day Alaska, leaving Duncan McDougall in charge of the fort. <mask> remained absent from Astoria longer than intended, forced to wait for payment at New Archangel and then detouring to the Hawaiian Islands to repair damage to the Beaver sustained in a storm. While in the Hawaiian Islands, he learned of the war that had broken out between the US and Britain and chartered the ship Albatros to land him at Astoria. In the meantime, McDougal, faced with managing the precarious situation of Astoria, concluded an agreement to sell the fort to the Northwest Company. Upon his return to Astoria, <mask> was displeased with the decision and questioned the motives of the Canadian partners, but despite his protest he was bound to their


title: Wilson Price Hunt

texts:
 decision. Soon after arriving, he again left the fort, this time on the Albatros bound for the Marquesas and the Hawaiian Islands for the purposes of bringing a large quantity of the furs accumulated at Astoria to market, acquiring a ship and a load of provisions, and returning home the Hawaiian Islanders who were in the employ of the Company at Astoria. While in the Hawaiian Islands, <mask> purchased the brig the Pedlar, which he provisioned and sailed to Astoria in order to conduct business related to the transfer of the fort to the British.The Pedlar then traveled again to New Archangel and then to Kamchatka before being captured in August 1814 by the Spanish on smuggling charges and held on the coast of California at San Louis Obispo for two months. After being released, the Pedlar made its way back to the Hawaiian Islands then ultimately onto China to procure a cargo of Chinese goods for trade in New York. <mask> arrived in New York with his cargo in October 1816. <mask> ultimately returned to St. Louis in 1817 and purchased a large tract of land southwest of the city, upon which he farmed and made improvements until his death in 1842. He was appointed postmaster of St. Louis in 1822 by President Monroe and held the position until 1840. <mask>'s expedition is one of many scenes depicted on the Astoria Column, and his name is inscribed in a frieze in the Oregon State Senate chamber of the Oregon State Capitol. See also
 John Jacob Astor
 Pacific Fur Company
 North West Company
 David Thompson, a Canadian explorer who arrived at Astoria shortly before the <mask> party.Beaver (ship)

References

External links
Wilson Price Hunt notes, Vault MSS 534, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University

Oregon Country
People from Asbury Park, New Jersey
People from St. Louis
1783 births
1842

masks: Hunt Hunt Hunt Hunt Hunt


title: Vitaly Ginzburg

texts:
<mask>, ForMemRS (; 4 October 1916 – 8 November 2009) was a Russian theoretical physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003, together with Alexei Abriksov and Anthony Leggett for their "pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids." His career in physics was spent in Soviet Union and was one of the leading Soviet scientists in the Soviet Union's atomic bomb project, working towards designs of the thermonuclear devices. He became a member of the  Russian Academy of Sciences and succeeded Igor Tamm as head of the Department of Theoretical Physics of the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FIAN). In his later life, Ginzburg become an outspoken atheist and was critical of clergy's influence in Russian society. Biography
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Moscow on 4 October 1916— the son of an engineer, <mask>, and a doctor, Augusta Wildauer who was a graduate from the Physics Faculty of Moscow State University in 1938. After attending his mother's alma mater, he defended his qualifications of the candidate's (Kandidat Nauk) dissertation in 1940, and his comprehensive thesis for the doctor's (Doktor Nauk) qualification in 1942. In 1944, he became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.Among his achievements are a partially phenomenological theory of superconductivity, the Ginzburg–Landau theory, developed with Lev Landau in 1950; the theory of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasmas (for example, in the ionosphere); and a theory of the origin of cosmic radiation. He is also known to biologists as being part of the group of scientists that helped bring down the reign of the politically connected anti-Mendelian agronomist Trofim Lysenko, thus allowing modern genetic science to return to the USSR. In 1937, <mask> married Olga Zamsha. In 1946, he married his second wife, <mask> (nee Yermakova), who had spent more than a year in custody on fabricated charges of plotting to

masks:
Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg
Vitaly Ginzburg
Lazar Yefimovich Ginzburg
Ginzburg
Nina Ginzburg


title: Vitaly Ginzburg

texts:
 assassinate the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. <mask> was the editor-in-chief of the scientific journal Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk. He also headed the Academic Department of Physics and Astrophysics Problems, which Ginzburg founded at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1968. <mask> identified as a secular Jew, and following the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union, he was very active in Jewish life, especially in Russia, where he served on the board of directors of the Russian Jewish Congress.He is also well known for fighting anti-Semitism and supporting the state of Israel. In the 2000s (decade), Ginzburg was politically active, supporting the Russian liberal opposition and human rights movement. He defended Igor Sutyagin and Valentin Danilov against charges of espionage put forth by the authorities. On 2 April 2009, in an interview to the Radio Liberty Ginzburg denounced the FSB as an institution harmful to Russia and the ongoing expansion of its authority as a return to Stalinism. Ginzburg worked at the P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of Soviet and Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow since 1940. Russian Academy of Sciences is a major institution where mostly all Nobel Prize laureates of physics from Russia have done their studies and/or research works. Stance on religion
Ginzburg was an avowed atheist, both under the militantly atheist Soviet government and in post-Communist Russia when religion made a strong revival.He criticized clericalism in the press and wrote several books devoted to the questions of religion and atheism. Because of this, some Orthodox Christian groups denounced him and said no science award could excuse his verbal attacks on the Russian Orthodox Church. He was one of the signers of the Open letter to the President Vladimir V. Putin from the Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences against clericalisation of Russia. Death
A spokeswoman for the Russian Academy of Sciences announced that Ginzburg died in

masks: Ginzburg Ginzburg


title: Vitaly Ginzburg

texts:
 Moscow on 8 November 2009 from cardiac arrest. He had been suffering from ill health for several years, and three years before his death said "In general, I envy believers. I am 90, and [am] being overcome by illnesses. For believers, it is easier to deal with them and with life's other hardships.But what can be done? I cannot believe in resurrection after death." Prime Minister of Russia Vladimir Putin sent his condolences to <mask>'s family, saying "We bid farewell to an extraordinary personality whose outstanding talent, exceptional strength of character and firmness of convictions evoked true respect from his colleagues". President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev, in his letter of condolences, described <mask> as a "top physicist of our time whose discoveries had a huge impact on the development of national and world science." <mask> was buried on 11 November in the Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow, the resting place of many famous politicians, writers and scientists of Russia. Honors and awards

Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945" (1946)
Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow" (1948)
Stalin Prize in 1953
Order of Lenin (1954)
Order of the Badge of Honour, twice (1954, 1975)
Order of the Red Banner of Labour, twice (1956, 1986)
Lenin Prize in 1966
Medal "For Valiant Labour. To commemorate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1970)
Marian Smoluchowski Medal (1984)
Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1987
Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1991
Wolf Prize in Physics in 1994/5
Vavilov Gold Medal (1995) – for outstanding work in physics, including a series of papers on the theory of radiation by uniformly moving sources
Lomonosov Gold Medal in 1995  – for outstanding achievement in the field of theoretical physics and astrophysics
3rd class (3 October 1996) – for outstanding scientific achievements and the training of highly qualified personnel
Elected a  Fellow

masks: Ginzburg Ginzburg Ginzburg


title: Tom Brandstater

texts:
<mask> (born October 21, 1984) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League. He played college football for the Fresno State Bulldogs. He was drafted by the Denver Broncos in the sixth round of the 2009 NFL Draft. He was also a member of the Indianapolis Colts, Miami Dolphins, Dallas Cowboys, and St. Louis Rams. Early life and high school
<mask>r was born and raised in Turlock, California, a town in Stanislaus County. He is the first son and second child of William and Sharen Brandstater and has three siblings. He began playing football at the age of eight with the Turlock Vikings Youth Football program, where he lists Mike  Hibden and Mike Huber as his most influential youth coaches.Several other WAC teammates and opponents, notably Colin Kaepernick of the Nevada Wolf Pack and fellow Fresno State Bulldog Anthony Harding, also played for the youth football program. He was the starting quarterback from the age of eight, but also played other positions. Brandstater attended Turlock High School. He achieved several distinctions as a high school player, including being named to the First-team All District team by the Modesto Bee as a defensive back, and guiding Turlock to the San Joaquin Section Division I South championship against Stockton Lincoln High. As a high school quarterback, he directed an offense that was primarily focused on rushing and did not display his true passing ability, though he still threw for over 1,000 yards in his last season in high school. He was the top quarterback in Fresno State's Summer Football Camp in 2003. College career

2004 season
As a freshman, he was given a redshirt year so he did not play during the team's 2004 season.He served as the quarterback for the scout team in practice against the starting defense. During this time, he was officially

masks:
Thomas Brandstater
Tom Brandstate


title: Tom Brandstater

texts:
 Steve Hagen, the second offensive coordinator to work with Pinegar in as many seasons as a Bulldog. Fresno State opened the 2006 season at home against Nevada on September 1, 2006, and Brandstater passed for 124 yards with a touchdown in his first start with Fresno State, getting revenge for the upset loss the previous season and adding interest to the 83-year-old rivalry. The next week brought a home game against the Oregon Ducks on Sep 9, with Oregon entering the game ranked #20.Brandstater went 16 of 33 attempts for 150 yards, with a touchdown and two interceptions, as Fresno State lost to the Ducks on account of several special teams errors. The remainder of the season turned out to be problematic for the Bulldogs and Brandstater, as the team proceeded to lose the next six games, including a loss to Utah State. On Oct 14 against Hawaii, Coach Hill replaced Brandstater in the second quarter with his backup, Sean Norton, as the Bulldogs lost to the Warriors 68–37 at home. In the next game against LSU, Brandstater did not play. He returned to go 7 of 14 with 72 yards against Boise State, and proceeded to lead the Bulldogs to victories in the next three games against New Mexico State, Idaho, and Louisiana Tech. He started in the season finale at San José State, a loss, but the Bulldogs did end the season with some momentum heading into the 2007 season. 2007 season

Brandstater led the 2007 Fresno State Bulldogs football team to a 9-4 season, capped by back-to-back victories over BCS opponents Kansas State and Georgia Tech in the Humanitarian Bowl where <mask> earned The Most Valuable Player award.2008 season
Going into the 2008 season, the Bulldogs found themselves ranked in several national preseason polls, including Athlon Sports, ranking the Bulldogs #25, CBS Sportsline ranking the team #24, and ESPN ranking


title: Tom Brandstater

texts:
 them at #21. Brandstater returned for his senior year along with 17 returning starters. He was listed as a darkhorse Heisman Trophy candidate, and was rated number 6 out of 129 quarterbacks going into 2008 by nfldraftscout.com. On July 17, 2008, the <mask>'Brien Watch List was released by the Davey O'Brien Foundation and its National Selection Committee highlighting 31 quarterbacks vying for the award honoring the nation's best quarterback for the 2008 football season, and Brandstater was listed alongside other top prospects. <mask>r was the starting quarterback for the Fresno State Bulldogs as they opened their 2008 season against Rutgers in New Brunswick, New Jersey in a non-conference away game on Labor Day. Behind Brandstater, Fresno State opened the game slowly, with neither team scoring any points in the first half. The Fresno State offense was only able to muster 102 yards and six first downs in the first half, but the defense was able to keep the Scarlet Knights from getting any points on the board.
.The Bulldogs would go on to score three touchdowns and a field goal, with all three touchdowns run into the end zone by running back Ryan Mathews. Brandstater completed the game with 11 completions on 24 attempts for a total of 216 yards and a quarterback rating of 121.4. NCAA statistics

Professional career

Denver Broncos
The Denver Broncos selected Brandstater in the 6th round (174th overall) of the 2009 NFL Draft. On July 26, 2009, Brandstater signed a four-year, $1.60 million contract with a $124,000 signing bonus. He would have earned an additional $2.285 million through final-year escalators. His base salary was $400,000 in 2009, and would have been $395,000 in 2010, $480,000 in 2011, and $565,000 in 2012. The Broncos acquired Tim Tebow through the 2010 NFL draft and brought in Brady Quinn from the

masks:
Tom O
Tom Brandstate


title: Roy H. Park

texts:
<mask> (15 September 1910 – 25 October 1993) was an American media executive and entrepreneur. He is known for creating the Duncan Hines brand of packaged food products, and for his television/radio/newspaper conglomerate, Park Communications. He created the Park Foundation, which has funded many programs in his name at Ithaca College, Cornell University, and North Carolina State University. Biography
<mask> was born in Dobson, North Carolina, the son of a tenant farmer. He began writing for two local North Carolina newspapers at the age of 12; although he suffered a severe bout with rheumatic fever at 13, <mask> graduated from Dobson High School at the age of 15 and followed his brother to North Carolina State University. After crashing his brother's automobile, <mask> took his first job to pay off the damages; this job was at the local Associated Press bureau, where he worked his way up from office boy to reporter by the time of this graduation from college. He also wrote for the college's student newspaper, Technician, and extended his term of study at college so that he could serve as the paper's editor-in-chief.Upon graduation in 1931 with a degree in business administration, he was awarded the senior superlative of "Best Writer." After graduation, <mask> accepted the position of public relations director for the North Carolina Cotton Growers Cooperative Association; there, he pioneered innovative ways of promoting cotton, including "Cotton Balls," with dancers and performers dressed in cotton formal wear. In 1936, he married Dorothy Goodwin Dent, one of the "Maids of Cotton," whom he met prior to these events. At the Cotton Cooperative, <mask> founded and published three periodicals, the Carolina Cooperator, the Rural Electrification Guide, and Cooperative Digest and Farm Power, which attracted the attention of H. E. Babcock, the founder of the Grange League Federation. Babcock offered <mask> a position at the agency, in Ithaca, New York, which <mask> accepted in 1942. <mask>
In the late 1940s, the Grange approached <mask> to find a way to market their

masks:
Roy Hampton Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Duncan Hines
Park


title: Roy H. Park

texts:
 excess food products; <mask> approached well-known food critic <mask> to lend his name to a brand of packaged food products. The resulting company, Hines-Park Foods, was a stunning success in the American food market, especially with its flagship product, Duncan Hines Cake Mix.Only five years after releasing its first products, <mask>nes-<mask> was acquired by Procter & Gamble in 1956 for 360,000 shares of Procter & Gamble stock and an undisclosed amount of cash. <mask> stayed with Procter & Gamble as a senior executive until 1962. Park Communications

After selling Duncan Hines, <mask> began to look around for new business opportunities. In 1961, he used his shares of Procter & Gamble as collateral to acquire two radio stations in North Carolina and established Park Broadcasting, Inc. He left Procter & Gamble the following year and began rapidly purchasing other radio and TV stations. In 1972, he started purchasing newspapers; five years later, he owned 40 of them. Most of his acquisitions were in small to medium-sized markets, far away from big cities."<mask> saw gold in owning broadcast stations," said his longtime deputy Johnny Babcock. "They are reasonably invulnerable to competition, not overburdened with depreciable assets, high profile in their community, and while regulated by the government, the franchise for the assigned frequency on the airwaves is protected by Uncle Sam." <mask>'s TV stations operated at a 45% profit margin, with radio in the high 30s, "outdoor billboards in the low 30s, newspapers in the mid to high 20s. A big grocery retailer does well to turn a profit of 2-3 percent; industrial concerns score success if they exceed 10 percent operating profit. Broadcasting was a pretty fat cat." By 1977, <mask> had become the first broadcaster to acquire seven television stations, seven AM radio, and seven FM radio stations—the legal limit at the time. In 1983, Congress relaxed limits on ownership, and <mask> resumed buying.<mask> changed the name of the company and went public in 1983, selling 10% of his shares and retaining 90% of the company.

masks:
Park
Duncan Hines
Hi
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park
Park


title: Roy H. Park

texts:
 At the time of his death, Park Communications controlled 21 radio stations, seven television stations, and 144 publications; the company's market reach was estimated at one-quarter of all American households and employed over 3,000 people. As the conglomerate grew, he often said that he did not sell media properties, he bought them. After his death, Park Communications was bought for $710 million by a pair of investors using a loan from the Retirement Systems of Alabama. It was resold in 1996 to Media General. In 2017, Media General was sold to Nexstar Broadcasting Group. The combined company is now known as Nexstar Media Group.Other

<mask> lived in the Ithaca, New York area for the remainder of his life, having purchased a stone mansion on seven acres in Cayuga Heights in the mid-1950s. He maintained connections to his native state, sitting on the Board of Visitors for the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Journalism and Mass Communication, and on the Board of Trustees of North Carolina State University. In 1989, the state of North Carolina presented him with its highest civilian honor, the North Carolina Award. In addition to his media holdings, <mask> owned a number of rental properties in Ithaca, timberland in North Carolina, and was a major shareholder in both Procter & Gamble and the Tompkins County Trust Company, owning 7% of the latter at his death. He also owned a billboard and outdoor advertising business that he eventually sold to his son. <mask> was actively involved with Ithaca College, joining its board of trustees in 1973 and serving as chairman from 1981 to 1992. In 1989, the college's media school was renamed the Roy H. <mask> School of Communications.The college's School of Business is housed in the Dorothy D. and <mask> H. Park Center, which opened in 2008. At Cornell University, he sat on the Advisory Council of the Johnson Graduate School of Management and endowed the Lewis H. Durland Memorial Lecture Series, which brings a prominent business leader to campus every year. (Durland, the longtime university treasurer, was

masks: Park Park Park Park Roy


title: Roy H. Park

texts:
 a friend of <mask>.) <mask> died in 1993 from a heart attack in New York City. Philanthropy

In 1966, <mask> created the Park Foundation as an outlet for his philanthropic interests. After his death, a substantial percentage of his wealth went to the foundation. The foundation quickly ran into trouble, with <mask>'s two children (one liberal, one conservative) disagreeing about which causes to support.In 2001, <mask> divided the foundation in two. She, along with her daughter Adelaide Gomer and Gomer's daughter, continued to operate the Park Foundation, whereas <mask>. and his children took over the spun-off Triad Foundation. In 2010, with <mask> suffering from advanced Alzheimer's, her two children sued each other after disagreeing over whose foundation should get the bulk of her estimated $220-million estate. (<mask> died in 2016, at 103.) The Park Foundation supports a myriad of causes including higher education, media and public awareness, and environmental protection. Among their largest contributions include the Park Scholarships program at North Carolina State University and the Park Scholar program at Ithaca College within the Park School of Communications. In addition, the Dorothy and <mask> Park Alumni Center at North Carolina State was named after the couple.Awards and Honors
1970: NC State Alumni Association Meritorious Service Award
1971: Abe Lincoln Award from the Southern Baptist's Radio and Television Commission
1975: Watauga Medal, NC State's highest honor
1978: NC State honors <mask> with an Honorary Doctor of Humanities degree
1982: North Carolina Broadcasting Hall of Fame
1984: Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement
1989: North Carolina Award
1989: Ithaca College in New York dedicates its communications building in his honor
1990: University of North Carolina School of Journalism Hall of Fame
1992: NC State University Centennial Award

References

1910 births
1993 deaths
People from Dobson, North Carolina
Ithaca College
North Carolina State University alumni
Associated Press reporters
20th-century American non-fiction

masks:
Park
Park
Park
Park
Dorothy Park
Park Jr
Dorothy Park
Dorothy Park
Roy
Park


title: Yoon Byung-in

texts:
<mask>-in (May 18, 1920 – April 3, 1983), also known in English reference as Byung-in <mask>, was a Korean Grandmaster of martial arts. He is believed to be the first Korean national to study Chuan Fa (Chinese Gung Fu) in China and to return to teach it in Korea. He was an influential instructor to many current and past Masters and Grandmasters, and himself a master of many styles and studies of Martial Arts. Life

Childhood
<mask>-in was born on May 18, 1920 in Fengtian, Manchuria. He was second of three sons of Yun Myong-keun, a distillery owner. His grandfather, Yun Young-hyun, was a Korean of noble birth. Following the Japanese annexation of Korea, his father's business started to suffer and took his family and fled to Manchuria.Yun attended elementary and secondary school (at that time, an eight-year program) in Manchukuo and graduated in 1938. During his elementary years, after diligent efforts to impress a Mongolian Chuan-fa master, the child Byung-In was permitted to study Chuan Fa or Gung Fu. Yoon studied Chinese Chuan Fa under the guidance of a Mongolian instructor in Manchuria for unspecified time. Japan

Yoon went to Tokyo, Japan in late 1938 to study agriculture at Nihon University. During this time, he started learning Shudokan karate under Kanken Toyama. He was not initially engaged in karate training at the university, but was often seen practicing conditioning exercises against a courtyard tree. This tree reportedly started leaning from his practice.At one point, Japanese karate students pursued and started to beat up another Korean karate student who

masks:
Yoon Byung
Yoon
Yoon Byung


title: Yoon Byung-in

texts:
 had skipped karate class to spend time with his sweetheart. After being persuaded by the other Korean student for help, Yoon used his Chuan Fa to skillfully deflect and evade the karate students’ strikes and kicks to the point that they gave up and ran back to tell their teacher what had happened. Teacher Tōyama invited <mask> to tell him about the skillful non-karate martial art he used against his students. Yoon explained to Toyama about his Chuan-fa education in Manchuria. Toyama appreciated the Chuan-fa background since he (Toyama) had studied Chuan-fa in Taiwan for 7 years, previously. They decided to exchange knowledge; Yoon would teach Toyama Chuan Fa and Toyama would teach <mask> his Shudokan Karate. Yoon soon became the captain of Nihon University’s karate team and eventually was awarded a master’s certificate and the rank of 4th dan by Toyama.In 1940s – while in Japan – <mask> taught quan-fa and karate at Tokyo YMCA. Return to Korea
<mask> returned to Korea in 1945, after the Japanese rule over Korea ended upon the Surrender of Japan in World War II. Upon settling, he formulated his martial art style and called it Kwon Bop Kong Soo Do (roughly translated as "fist art empty hand way", i.e "Quan fa-Karate"). On September 1, 1946, he first began teaching martial arts at the Kungsung Agricultural High School. Around this time, he also taught martial arts at Yun Moo Kwan. Either late 1946 or early 1947, he established his own school at YMCA in Seoul. This school would become known as "Seoul Kwonbup Bu" and/or "YMCA Kwon Bop Bu", which would serve as the

masks: Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon


title: Yoon Byung-in

texts:
 foundation for future Chang Moo Kwan.Early in his Seoul Kwan, <mask> taught some Kung Fu forms, however specifics of the curriculum remain unspecified. <mask>'s teaching of Karate techniques/kata is much well known and its curriculum has been vouched by Lee Num-suk. He also varied students’ training according to body size. North Korea
Yoon would disappear amidst of Korean War to the North Korean side. According to Kim Pyung-soo, Yoon vanished in August 1950. <mask> Byung-du, a Captain in the North Korean Army and <mask> Byung-in's brother is identified as cause of <mask> Byung-in going to North Korea. <mask> Byung-du made him to come with him to DPRK's side, likely by force, as <mask> Byung-in would had to leave his wife and eight month daughter behind.When <mask> Byung-in arrived to DPRK's side, he would be imprisoned at Gojae-do Island as prisoner of war. Between 1951 and 1966, the whereabouts and activities of <mask> Byung-in are unknown. In 1966 and 1967, he taught Gyeoksul to North Korean special forces of the Moranbong. In late 1967, Master Yoon completed his assignment and was assigned to a position at a concrete factory in Chongjin, where he was until his death from lung cancer in April 1983. Martial Arts knowledge
The Mongolian quan fa master who taught Yoon chinese martial arts remains unknown. His name has never been specified by <mask> nor any of his associates. It is speculated that the style this Mongolian martial artist taught to Yoon was either Changquan and/or Yang-style t'ai chi ch'uan.It is known that early Chuan-fa forms from the YMCA Kwon Bop Bu

masks: Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon Yoon


title: Yoon Byung-in

texts:
 included Dan Kwon (Duan Quan), Chang Kwon (Changquan), Tai Jo Kwon (Taizuquan), Pal Gi Kwon (Bajiquan), and Doju San (토조산, Escaping Mist) and others. Yoon learnt Shudokan Karate under Kanken Toyama. Yoon has been awarded 4th Dan Black by Toyama. One of the styles of quan fa that Toyama had studied in Taiwan was taijiquan, and he is known to have taught this to several of his advanced students, including Yoon. Despite heading a notable kwan in post-World War II Korea and being associated with various figures that would be involved in creation of Taekwondo, <mask> Byung-in himself was never directly involved in creation of the afromentioned martial art. Yoon was taken to North Korea in August 1950, during the early phases of the Korean War and was not involved in the unification process of the kwans that would begin circa 1955 and finalized in 1959 with establishment of Korea Taekwondo Association. It has been reported that in mid-1960s, <mask> Byung-in served as a martial arts instructor for Korean People's Army and has contributed to the development of Gyeoksul.Notes
1.Allegedly, the majority of kung fu practitioners and instructors in areas of Manchuria circa 1930s were of Mongolian ethnicity/origins. 2.By June 1950, the North Korean Army (KPA) had taken over much of South Korean region. 3.Originally called Korea Tang Soo Do Association, then Korea Taesoodo Association and in 1965 it was referred to as Korea Taekwondo Association. References

1920 births
1983 deaths
North Korean male martial artists
Chinese emigrants
Immigrants to North Korea
South Korean emigrants

masks: Yoon Yoon


title: Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer

texts:
<mask> (16 July 1896 – 8 August 1969) was a German human biologist, Nazi, and geneticist, who was the Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Münster until he retired in 1965. A member of the Dutch noble Verschuer family, his title Freiherr is often translated as baron. He was regarded as a pioneer in the twin methodology of genetics research and in the study of the inheritance of diseases and anomalies. A eugenicist with an interest in racial hygiene, he was an advocate of compulsory sterilization programs in the first half of the 20th century. Among his many students was Josef Mengele, a war criminal who directed experiments on children at Auschwitz. He successfully redefined himself as a geneticist in the postwar era. During the 1950s and 1960s, he was known for research on the effects of nuclear radiation on humans and for his warnings against the possibility of creating "scientifically improved" human beings offered by genetic science.Verschuer was the director of the Institute for Genetic Biology and Racial Hygiene from 1935 to 1942 and director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics from 1942 to 1948. From 1951 to 1965, he was Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Münster, where he also served as Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. At Münster, he established one of the largest centers of genetics research in West Germany, and remained one of the world's most prominent genetics researchers until his death. He became Professor Emeritus in 1965; he received numerous memberships in learned societies. In 1952 he was elected President of the German Anthropological Association. His son <mask> <mask> was a high-ranking official of the European Commission. Family
<mask> <mask>er was born into a noble family originally from Gelderland, Netherlands; the

masks:
Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
Helmut von
Verschuer
Otmar
von Verschu


title: Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer

texts:
 Verschuer family remains prominent in the Netherlands, where it is known as van Verschuer.From birth he held the title of Freiherr (baron), a title that had been granted to several family branches by the Holy Roman Emperor, the Dutch king, and the elector of Hesse. He was mainly of Dutch, German, Estonian/Baltic German, and Swedish descent, and had distant Scottish ancestry. His father <mask> <mask> was a businessman who owned a mining company, while his mother Charlotte née <mask> was originally from Estonia; her family was ennobled in Russia in the mid-19th century and was partially resident in Sweden. He was a descendant of the House of Stuart through his 6th great grandmother Brita Stuart, a Swedish noblewoman of Scottish royal descent. <mask> <mask> was the father of <mask> <mask> (also known as Helmut van <mask>), a high-ranking official of the European Commission, and the grandfather of the Belgian-German actor, <mask> <mask> (born 1961 in Brussels). Early career
Verschuer served in the First World War and had been promoted to first lieutenant by 1918. From 1919, he studied medicine at the University of Marburg.He earned a doctorate in medicine at LMU in 1923 and a habilitation at the University of Tübingen in 1927. In 1927, he became head of department for human genetics at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics. Nazi era

In 1935, Verschuer became a member of the congregation of the anti-Nazi pastor Otto Fricke, a leading member of the Confessing Church. He also maintained a close friendship with his relative, <mask> Trott zu Solz, a leading resistance figure. Despite his proximity to the Confessing Church, he joined the Nazi Party in 1940, although he was not actively involved with politics. In the late stages of the Second World War, Verschuer directly or

masks:
Hans von
Verschuer
von Arnold
Otmar
von Verschuer
Helmut Freiherr
von Verschuer
Verschuer
Leopold Freiherr
von Verschuer
Adam von


title: Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer

texts:
 Political Whitewashing, Professional Posturing, and personal Refashioning in the Postwar Career of <mask> <mask> <mask>er. Isis, Vol. 101 (2010), 722–758. Peter Degen, "Racial Hygienist <mask> <mask>er, the Confessing Church, and comparative reflections on postwar rehabilitation," pp. 155–65 in Jing Bao Nie, Japan´s Medical Wartime Atrocities (London: Routledge&Kegan, 2010)
 Robert N. Proctor, Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988.Paul Weindling, "'Tales from Nuremberg': The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Anthropology and Allied medical war crimes policy," in Geschichte der Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft im Nationalsozialismus: Bestandaufnahme und Perspektiven der Forschung, ed. Doris Kaufmann, v.2 (Goettingen: Wallstein, 2000), 635–652. Katrin Weigmann: "In the name of science. The role of biologists in Nazi atrocities: lessons for today's scientists" in EMBO Reports v.2 #10 (2001), 871–875. Eric Ehrenreich, "Otmar <mask>er and the 'Scientific' Legitimization of Nazi Anti-Jewish Policy," Holocaust and Genocide Studies 2007 21(1):55–72

 External links

 "In the name of science" EMBO Reports article about KWI scientists' wartime atrocities, with images of Verschuer
 "Skeletons in the Closet of German Science" Deutsche Welle'' article on Verschuer's research connection to Mengele

1896 births
1969 deaths
People from Hersfeld-Rotenburg
People from Hesse-Nassau
German eugenicists
German military personnel of World War I
Barons of Germany
Physicians in the Nazi Party
University of Marburg alumni
Goethe University Frankfurt faculty
University of Münster faculty
Prussian Army personnel
Road incident deaths in Germany
20th-century German writers
German people of Dutch descent
German people of Swedish descent
German people of Scottish descent
Kapp Putsch

masks:
Otmar
Freiherr
von Vchu
Otmar
von Verschu
von Verschu


title: George Britton (musician)

texts:
<mask> (19 October 1910 - 12 February 2010) was an American singer, actor, and guitarist. A classical bass-baritone, he had an active performing career in operas, concerts, and musicals during the 1930s through the 1960s. As a stage performer he is best known for succeeding Roger Rico in the role of Emile de Becque (originally played by Ezio Pinza) in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific. He portrayed the role for two years opposite Martha Wright as Nellie Forbush, and for a few weeks opposite Cloris Leachman. Britton began performing concerts of folk music in the 1950s, accompanying himself on the guitar. In 1957 he cofounded the Philadelphia Folksong Society and  the Philadelphia Folk Festival in 1962. In the 1960s his career moved primarily into performing folk music.He also taught guitar and voice at his studio, the George Britton Folk Studio. Early life and education
Britton was born in Reading, Pennsylvania, to parents of Irish and Pennsylvania Dutch descent. He studied at Columbia University where he graduated with a music degree in 1932. He notably was awarded the Gold King's Crowns Award by the University his senior year. He pursued graduate studies in voice at the Juilliard School, studying voice with Anna E. Schoen-René, a student of Pauline Viardot-García and Manuel García, earning a master's degree in 1936. While at Juilliard he notably appeared in the New York premiere of Richard Strauss's Ariadne auf Naxos and portrayed Etienne in the world premiere of Robert Russell Bennett's Maria Malibran opposite Helen Marshall in the title role and Risë Stevens as Cornelia. Career
Britton made his professional opera debut at the Chautauqua Opera in the summer of 1934.He was a regular performer with that company for over the next decade. In 1936 he married Patricia Norton at Chautauqua; they were divorced by 1946. Also in 1936 he made his first appearance at the Worcester Festival in a concert of opera arias with soprano Helen Jepson and conductor Albert Stoessel. He returned to that festival


title: George Britton (musician)

texts: several times during the late 1930s and 1940s. In 1938, <mask> sang Silvio in PAGLIACCI in Prague with Richard Tauber as Canio. In 1941 <mask> made his Carnegie Hall debut portraying the title role in Giacomo Puccini's Gianni Schicchi with the National Orchestral Association under the baton of Léon Barzin. He sang several roles with the short-lived New Opera Company (NOC) in Manhattan in the early 1940s, notably portraying Prince Tomsky opposite Martha Lipton in her professional opera debut as Pauline in Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades in October 1941.He also starred in the world premiere of Walter Damrosch's The Opera Cloak with the NOC in November 1942. In the summer of 1942 he made his first appearance at the Paper Mill Playhouse in Franz Schubert's Blossom Time. In 1945 he presented the world premiere of Miriam Gideon's art song "The Hound of Heaven" at the International Society for Contemporary Music convention. <mask> made one of his earliest forays into musical theatre in 1943, appearing in the Blackfriars Repertory Theatre's original musical, Moment Musical. The following year he returned to the Paper Mill Playhouse (PMP) to star in a production of Sigmund Romberg's The Student Prince. He was a regular performer at the PMP up through 1950. In 1946 he portrayed Huckleberry Haines in Jerome Kern's Roberta at the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera and starred in Victor Herbert's The Fortune Teller at the Curran Theatre in San Francisco.He made his Broadway debut at the New Century Theatre in September 1946 as Sandor in Robert Wright and <mask>'s Gypsy Lady. In 1948 he performed on the cast recording of Arthur Schwartz and Howard Dietz's musical review Inside U.S.A.. The recording was made before the show premiered on Broadway, and <mask> did not actually appear in the stage production. <mask> continued to perform in operas, musicals, and concerts throughout the United States during the late 1940s through the early 1960s. In 1950 he portrayed Don Andrès de Ribeira in Jacques Offenbach's La Périchole at New York's Town Hall under the

masks:
Britton
Britton
Britton
George Forrest
Britton
Britton


title: George Britton (musician)

texts:
 direction of Maggie Teyte. That same year he portrayed the four villains in Offenbach's The Tales of Hoffmann for NBC Opera Theatre and the role of Massakroff in Oscar Straus's The Chocolate Soldier on NBC's Musical Comedy Time. He made several appearances with Philadelphia's Co-Opera Company in the early 1950s, including Mr Gobineau in Gian Carlo Menotti's The Medium.In January 1952 he took over the role of Emile de Becque in the original Broadway production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's South Pacific, staying with the production until it closed on Jan 16, 1954. In 1953 he recorded selections from Anything Goes and Kiss Me Kate with Lisa Kirk and Helena Bliss for RCA Records. In 1961 he appeared in the United States premiere of Roland Fiore's Linda at the Philadelphia Lyric Opera Company. Although initially a singer by profession, <mask> was also a talented guitarist. In the early 1950s he became seriously interested in the music of his mother's Pennsylvania Dutch heritage. He began performing concerts of these folk pieces with just his voice and a guitar. In 1955 he recorded his only solo album, "Pennsylvania Dutch Folk Songs", with Folkways Records.The recording is now a part of the collection at the Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage. After leaving South Pacific in 1954 his performance career became increasingly more involved with performing folk music and by the mid-1960s he had left classical music entirely. For many years he was heavily involved with the Philadelphia Folk Festival, which he helped establish in 1962. References

External links

American folk singers
American folk guitarists
American male guitarists
American male musical theatre actors
20th-century American male opera singers
Columbia University alumni
Juilliard School alumni
Operatic bass-baritones
Actors from Reading, Pennsylvania
1910 births
1991 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American guitarists
Musicians from Reading, Pennsylvania
Guitarists from Pennsylvania
Classical musicians from Pennsylvania
Singers from


title: Hugh O'Flaherty

texts:
<mask>'Flaherty  (28 February 1898 – 30 October 1963), was an Irish Catholic priest and senior official of the Roman Curia, and a significant figure in Catholic resistance to Nazism. During World War II, O'Flaherty was responsible for saving 6,500 Allied soldiers and Jews. His ability to evade the traps set by the German Gestapo and Sicherheitsdienst (SD), earned O'Flaherty the nickname "The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican". After the Second World War he was named a papal domestic prelate by Pope Pius XII and served as notary of the Holy Office, working alongside and assisting Alfredo Cardinal Ottaviani until 1960. Early life
Shortly after <mask>'Flaherty's birth in Lisrobin, Kiskeam, County Cork, his parents, James and Margaret, moved to Killarney. The family lived on the golf course where James O'Flaherty worked as a steward. By his late teens, young O'Flaherty had a scratch handicap and a scholarship to a teacher training college.However, in 1918 he enrolled at Mungret College, a Jesuit college in County Limerick dedicated to preparing young men for missionary priesthood. Normally, students ranged from 14 to 18 years of age. At the time when O'Flaherty came in, he was a little older than most of the students, about 20. The college allowed for some older people to come in if they had been accepted by a bishop who would pay for them. O'Flaherty's sponsor was the Bishop of Cape Town, Cornelius O'Reilly, in whose diocese he would be posted after ordination, a big step for a young man who had never set foot outside of Munster. At the time when O'Flaherty was in Mungret, the Irish War for Independence was ongoing. He was posted to Rome in 1922 to finish his studies and was ordained on 20 December 1925.He never joined his diocese however, staying to work for the Holy See and serving as a Vatican diplomat in Egypt, Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Czechoslovakia. In 1934, he was appointed a papal

masks:
Hugh O
Hugh O


title: Hugh O'Flaherty

texts:
 in Killarney as part of the <mask> Flaherty memorial celebrations for 3 nights in October 2013. Courtney portrays the O'Flaherty during the wartime years in German-occupied Rome; the story is told from the O'Flaherty's point of view and is a study of the torment and difficulty in the decisions he undertook in his fight for justice. Television
The Irish-language television station TG4 broadcast a 51-minute documentary on O'Flaherty in 2008.It is available (in mixed Irish/English with English subtitles) on a region-free DVD entitled The Pimpernel of the Vatican – The Amazing Story of Monsignor <mask>'Flaherty. References

Further reading
 'The Rome Escape Line: The Story of the British Organization in Rome for assisting Escaped Prisoners-of-war 1943–44. ', by Sam Derry (1960)
 William C. Simpson 1996, A Vatican Lifeline, Sparedon Press. Stephen Walker 2011, Hide & Seek: The Irish Priest In The Vatican Who Defied The Nazi Command, Harper Collins (London). Gallagher, J.P. (2009). The Scarlet and the Black: The True Story of Monsignor <mask>'Flaherty, Hero of the Vatican Underground. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.'The Vatican Pimpernel: The Wartime Exploits of Monsignor <mask>'Flaherty. ', by Brian Fleming (2008)
 Alison Walsh 2010, <mask>'Flaherty: His Wartime Adventures, Collins Press. External links
 Monsignor <mask>'Flaherty: Hero of the Vatican
 The Scarlet Pimpernel of the Vatican
 Hugh O'Flaherty Memorial Society

1898 births
1963 deaths
Irish anti-fascists
Irish humanitarians
Diplomats of the Holy See
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Recipients of the Medal of Freedom
Irish people of World War II
20th-century Irish Roman Catholic priests
People from County Kerry
People who rescued Jews during the Holocaust
Irish expatriates in Italy
Vatican City in World War II
Irish expatriates in Egypt
Irish expatriates in Haiti
Irish expatriates in the Dominican Republic
Christian clergy

masks:
Hugh O
Hugh O
Hugh O
Hugh O
Hugh O
Hugh O


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 19 May 1964 – 16 December 2014) was an Iranian-born refugee and Australian citizen who took hostages in a siege at the Lindt Chocolate Café at Martin Place, Sydney on 15 December 2014, lasting for 17 hours, until the early hours of the following morning. The siege resulted in the death of <mask> and two hostages. While Monis had a warrant out for his arrest in Iran, he sought political asylum in Australia in 1996, which was granted in 2001. Monis variously promoted himself as an Iranian intelligence official, a political activist, a spiritual healer and expert in black magic, an outlaw bikie and a Muslim cleric. He told a psychiatrist who diagnosed him with schizophrenia that he had to change his name for "security reasons," variously calling himself "Michael Hayson Mavros", "<mask>", and "Ayatollah <mask>di". Monis ran a "spiritual healing" business, telling some women that they needed to submit to sexual molestation to receive treatment. In 2014, <mask> was charged with being an accessory to the murder of his ex-wife, as well as over 40 counts of sexual assault.At the time of his death, he had recently converted from Shia Islam to Sunni Islam, and attended Islamist rallies promoting conspiracy theories about Australian security agencies. While on bail, and facing a likely lengthy imprisonment, he declared allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Life in Iran
<mask> was born in Borujerd, Iran on 19 May 1964. He published a book of poetry, Inside and Out or Daroon va Boroon (), in 1996 in Iran. It did not sell well, which disappointed Monis. In the 1990s, Monis ran a company called Salhani Amal (), which he used to buy discounted tyres

masks:
Man Haron Monis
Mohammed Hassan Manteghi Borujerdi
Monis
Sheikh Haron
Mohammed Manteghi Boroujer
Monis
Monis


title: Man Haron Monis

texts: from the Iranian government and re-sell them on the black market. He also ran a charity scam to avoid paying tax.In 2001, using the pseudonym Ayatollah <mask> Boroujerdi, he claimed in an interview with ABC Radio National's The Religion Report that he had been involved with the Iranian ministry of intelligence and security, and that his criticism of the regime and secret information he possessed had resulted in his persecution as well as the detention of his wife and children. During an ABC Radio interview, he claimed that his family's detention was a result of views the Iranian government believed to be "dangerously liberal". David Ruteledge, the journalist who interviewed him, described this as "a little bit dramatic." Australia granted his request for political asylum that year. He claimed that his request for asylum followed the detention of his wife and children by Iranian authorities after he espoused liberal views on Islam. According to London-based Persian TV channel Manoto 1, he had fled Iran after taking US$200,000 of his customers' money in his tourism agency. According to Iran's official news agency, he was under investigation by Interpol and Iranian police at the time he was granted asylum, and Australian police did not extradite him despite several requests.Some commentators have expressed concern regarding this immigration and citizenship process. Esmaeil Ahmadi-Moghaddam, Iran's chief of police, told reporters that <mask> had "a dark and long history of violent crime and fraud" in Iran and had run a travel agency in 1996, before fleeing to Malaysia and then Australia. "It lasted 4 years to collect evidence on <mask> [<mask>]'s identification documents

masks: Manteghi Monis Manteghi Monis


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 and we reported this to the Australian police but since Australia has no extradition treaty with Iran, they didn't extradite him to Iran". He was protected from extradition by his refugee status. Iran's official Islamic Republic News Agency states that he was "under prosecution by the Interpol" and Iran provided information to the Australian government about his criminal record, mental and spiritual status. Despite this, he was granted asylum in Australia. Iranian Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Marzieh Afkham publicly questioned the decisions made by the Australian government after several discussions in which <mask>'s criminal status in Iran was made "completely clear".Life in Australia
He migrated to Australia as a refugee in 1996 seeking political asylum. He used a one-month business visa to gain entry to the country. He applied for a protection visa when his business visa expired, and was granted a bridging visa while the protection visa application was assessed. From 1997 to 2000, Monis held a security guard licence, which would have let him carry a pistol between March and June 1997. In November 2000, he chained himself to a pole at Parliament House, Sydney, and went on a one-day hunger strike to draw attention to his cause. He began to sexually assault women while passing himself off as a spiritual healer named 'Marcus' in the early 2000s. On 16 September 2002, <mask> changed his name to Michael Hayson Mavros.While he was known as Mavros, he seemed to be 'embracing a secular life'. He gained Australian citizenship in 2004. On 21 September 2006, he changed his name to <mask> <mask>. Monis was investigated by the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation four

masks:
Monis
Monis
Man Haron
Monis


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 times, and there were more than 40 calls to ASIO's National Security Hotline. The family of his partner called the National Security Hotline in 2010 and were advised Monis "wasn't a threat". Monis had been on the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation's watch-list in 2008 and 2009, but was dropped off the list for reasons that were not specified. In 2009, in Granville, NSW, Monis gave a lecture calling for an Islamic society and taunting foreign governments saying, "your intelligence service is not working properly."Monis lived in a flat with a housemate for six months in 1998. Monis said he was a senior member of the clergy in Iran, always locked his bedroom door, even when he went to the bathroom, and told his housemate not to bring friends over and not to answer the door if anyone knocked. Monis said that he was in "financial hardship" and borrowed payments amounting to $9,000, which were never repaid. Spouses
In 2003, Monis dated Amanda Morsy for about six months, telling her he was Romanian, giving her gold necklaces and driving her to dates in a Mercedes, convertible Peugeot and a Jeep. Monis was unable to be contacted after 8 pm, claiming he was busy with his "spiritual consultation" business. Morsy described him as "secretive", "very reserved" and "formal" and wanting to "fit in". He broke the relationship off after her family expressed reservations about his personality.In 2003, Monis married a woman who was a client of his "black magic" business. However, he always kept his blinds closed, and told people at a Sydney mosque that he had a wife in Iran. In July 2011, <mask> was charged at a St Mary's police station for intimidation of his ex-wife,


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 following a confrontation in a McDonald's car park in Green Valley. His ex-wife claimed Monis had threatened to shoot her and told her that he held a gun licence. In 2010, the family of Amirah Droudis reported <mask> to the National Security Hotline because they found his behaviour strange. He was secretive with the family and always refused to have his photo taken even at Christmas. He gave them the appearance of having money and being "very generous" but vague about where he worked.They described him as "rarely forthcoming with any direct or detailed answers." Social worker Sylvia Martin talked with Monis during a meeting with his former wife in 2012. She described Monis as prone to "grandiosity" and a "hero in his own story" describing him as "capable of narcissism and also capable of manipulation." His ex-wife said that Monis had "intimidated, duped and emotionally manipulated her" and that around 2007 he "became more strict" and told her to wear a veil, and restricted her from "singing and dancing" allegedly telling her "I'm doing it for Islam ... I want to be a martyr". Accessory to murder charge
On 21 April 2013, <mask>' ex-wife's body was found stabbed 17 times and alight in a Werrington apartment stairwell. Monis' girlfriend Amirah Droudis was formally charged with murder, and on 15 November 2013, Monis was charged by NSW Police with being an accessory before the fact and an accessory after the fact to the murder.On 12 December 2013, <mask> and Amirah appeared before Magistrate William Pierce at Penrith Local Court where they were granted bail. The magistrate said there were significant flaws in the Crown's case against the pair and that "It is a weak case".

masks: Monis Monis Monis


title: Man Haron Monis

texts:
 Prosecutor Brian Royce said Monis' claims that the Iranian Secret Police and the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) were trying to frame him for the murder were fanciful. Magistrate Pierce said all theories needed to be examined. On 22 January 2014, Monis appeared at Parramatta Local Court and, after informing magistrate Joan Baptie that he was representing himself, began discussing documents that he claimed were held by ASIO. He also claimed that ASIO was "conspiring against him" as they wanted him jailed. Magistrate Baptie told Monis that she had no power to order the release of documents held by ASIO and "advised him to stop talking because he would harm his defence".<mask> staged a protest outside the court, following the adjournment of the case, "wearing chains and holding a sign claiming he has been tortured in custody". He was quoted as saying: "This is not a criminal case. This is a political case." Claims of membership of Iranian Intelligence
<mask> told individuals in Australia, including his lawyers, that he had worked for the Iranian Ministry of Intelligence and Security and had knowledge about Iran's clandestine operations, and that it was for this reason he fled Iran. However, an Iranian embassy official stated <mask>' claim to have worked in intelligence and security in Iran was a lie. <mask> said he was the secretary of the Iranian intelligence department. After 9/11, <mask> called ASIO saying he knew Iran was responsible and asked for a financial reward for the information.He also asked ASIO to pay him to work as an informant. Allegations of fabricated cleric status
Monis proclaimed himself to be a Shia cleric. In late 2007, Australian

masks: Monis Monis Monis Monis Monis