title: Brad Hennessey

texts:
<mask> (born February 7, 1980) is an American former professional baseball pitcher. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the San Francisco Giants. He stands  tall and weighs . He played for the Giants from 2004–08 and threw five pitches: a fastball, a slider, a changeup, a curveball, and a cutter. <mask> attended Youngstown State University and set several school records during his tenure with the team. In 2001, he was selected by the Giants in the first round of the draft. He did not pitch in 2002 because of surgery to remove a non-cancerous tumor from his back.In 2004, he reached the major leagues for the first time. He spent much of the 2005 season in the major leagues, making 21 starts and posting a 4.64 earned run average (ERA). In 2006, <mask> spent time both in the Giants' starting rotation and the bullpen. He became a relief pitcher full-time in 2007, spending the entire season in the majors and closing for the Giants part of the time. After posting a 7.81 ERA with the Giants in 2008, <mask> was outrighted to the minors; he refused the assignment and became a free agent. He attempted to pitch for the Baltimore Orioles in 2009 but was unable due to injury. <mask> then spent parts of 2010 and 2011 in the minor leagues.Early life
<mask> was born on February 7, 1980, in Toledo, Ohio. In 1997, he graduated from Whitmer High School, where he was named a USA Today honorable mention All-American and won All-Ohio honors for his baseball playing. He went to Youngstown State University, where he played shortstop and pitched until his senior year, when he converted exclusively to pitching. As a senior, he had a 6–5 record and a 4.06 earned run average (ERA) in 16 games while setting school single-season records for innings pitched () and strikeouts (126). That

masks:
Brad Martin Hennessey
Hennessey
Hennessey
Hennessey
Hennessey
Hennessey


title: Brad Hennessey

type: original

texts:
 year, he was named the Mid-Continent Conference co-Pitcher of the Year. Professional career

Minor leagues (part 1)
<mask> was drafted by the San Francisco Giants in the first round (21st overall) of the 2001 Major League Baseball draft. He began his career with the Salem-Keizer Volcanoes of the Single-A short season Northwest League, where he had a 1–0 record, a 2.38 ERA, 22 strikeouts, and 34 innings pitched in nine starts.That year, Salem-Keizer won the Northwest League championship. While pitching in an instructional league later that year, <mask> began experiencing soreness that was initially attributed to a muscle strain but turned out to be a non-cancerous tumor in his back. He had it removed in February 2002, but it grew back later that season, and he missed the entire year while undergoing a second surgery. <mask> began 2003 in extended spring training but pitched for the Hagerstown Suns of the Single-A South Atlantic League from June 14 to the end of the season. With Hagerstown, <mask> had a 3–9 record, a 4.21 ERA, 44 strikeouts, one complete game, and  innings pitched in 15 starts. He began the 2004 season with the Norwich Navigators of the Double-A Eastern League, where he had a 5–5 record, a 3.56 ERA, 55 strikeouts, and 101 innings pitched in 18 starts. On July 14, he was promoted to the Fresno Grizzlies of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League.In 5 starts with Fresno, he had a 4–1 record, a 2.02 ERA, 16 strikeouts, and  innings pitched. Major leagues

2004
Following an injury to Jerome Williams in 2004, <mask> was called up to join the Giants' starting rotation. He made his debut on August 7 against Greg Maddux of the Chicago Cubs, who was looking for his 300th win. <mask> allowed four runs in  innings and took the loss in the 8–4 defeat, becoming the

masks: Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey


title: Brad Hennessey

texts:
 first pitcher to lose his debut to a pitcher who won his 300th game since 1901, when Cy Young defeated John McPherson. In his next start, against the Philadelphia Phillies on August 13, he allowed four unearned runs in five innings, got his first career hit (against Brian Powell), and earned his first career win in a 16–6 victory. After another start, he was sent to Fresno on August 18 when Wayne Franklin returned from the disabled list, but he was called up on August 28 when David Aardsma was demoted. On September 16, he threw a season-high seven shutout innings in a 4–0 victory over the Milwaukee Brewers.<mask> finished the season with a 2–2 record, a 4.98 ERA, 25 strikeouts, and  innings pitched in seven starts. 2005
<mask> began 2005 in the minors. He was called up to make a start on May 1, and he gave up three runs over seven innings while earning the win in an 8–3 victory over the Pittsburgh Pirates. After the game, he was returned to Fresno to make room for Jeremy Accardo on the roster, but he was called up on May 12 to replace the injured Jason Schmidt in the rotation. He made four starts on this stint; after he gave up six runs in two innings in a 6–5 loss to the Phillies on June 2, he was replaced in the rotation by Jeff Fassero and returned to Fresno. On July 9, he was called up to rejoin the Giants' rotation as Kirk Rueter was demoted to the bullpen. Facing the St. Louis Cardinals that day, he pitched seven shutout innings and earned the win in the Giants' 2–0 victory.For the rest of the year, he remained in the Giants' rotation. In a start against the Brewers on July 28, <mask> pitched 7 shutout innings, striking out seven and allowing only three hits, and won the game 3–0. The three runs came on a home run by <mask> himself against Víctor Santos. He

masks: Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey


title: Brad Hennessey

texts:
 allowed one run over a career-high  innings on September 21 and hit a home run against John Patterson as he defeated the Washington Nationals 5–1. He ended up making 21 starts for the Giants, tallying a 5–8 record, a 4.64 ERA, 64 strikeouts, and 52 walks in  innings pitched. With Fresno, he had a 4–2 record, a 5.19 ERA, 46 strikeouts, 22 walks, and  innings pitched. 2006
Kevin Correia and the newly acquired Jamey Wright competed for the Giants' fifth starting job with <mask> in 2006; Hennessey struggled and began the season with the Grizzlies as Wright won the job.<mask> was called up on April 16 due to an injury to Noah Lowry. After posting a 2–1 record and a 3.33 ERA, he was sent to the bullpen upon Lowry's return to the starting rotation on May 9, though <mask> was frequently called upon to make spot starts. He got his first career save on June 5, pitching the final four innings of the Giants' 14–2 victory over the Florida Marlins. On August 11, Giants' manager Felipe Alou announced that <mask> would replace the struggling Wright in the rotation. In his first start since rejoining the rotation on August 14, he threw  shutout innings, earning the win in a 1–0 victory over the San Diego Padres. He posted an 8.62 ERA over his next four starts and returned to the bullpen when Lowry returned from an injury in September, though he made one more start before the end of the year. In 34 games (12 starts), <mask> had a 5–6 record, a 4.26 ERA, 42 strikeouts, and 42 walks in  innings pitched.2007
<mask> spent the entire 2007 season in the bullpen for the Giants. At the beginning of June, he was named the closer by Giants' manager Bruce Bochy after Armando Benítez was traded. From June 30 to August 31, he converted saves in 14 straight save opportunities, the longest streak


title: Brad Hennessey

texts:
 by a Giant since Robb Nen had a 28-save streak in 2000; overall, <mask> converted 17 out of 19 saves from May 30 to August 31. Afterwards, he converted only two out of five opportunities before Brian Wilson took over the closer role. In 2007, he went 4–5 and had a 3.42 ERA and 19 saves (out of 24 opportunities). 2008
On January 18, 2008, the Giants and <mask> avoided arbitration and agreed to a $1.6 million, one-year deal. After he posted a 12.94 in his first 11 games of the season, he got sent down to the minors on May 6 to make room for Billy Sadler.Used as a starter at Fresno, <mask> posted a 7–10 record, a 4.83 ERA, 69 strikeouts, 37 walks, and  innings pitched in 21 starts. He was called back up when rosters expanded on September 1. After initially pitching out of the bullpen, he was moved to the rotation to replace Correia. On September 15, he threw the only complete game of his career, allowing three runs in eight innings in a 3–1 loss to the Arizona Diamondbacks at Chase Field. In 17 games (four starts), he had a 1–2 record, a 7.81 ERA, 21 strikeouts, and 15 walks in  innings pitched. He was outrighted to the minors in October, but he refused the assignment and became a free agent. Minor leagues (part 2)
<mask> signed a minor league deal with the Baltimore Orioles on November 17, 2008.Spencer Fordin of MLB.com wrote that <mask> was "consistently hyped as a favorite to break camp in the rotation" for the Orioles. However, an elbow injury kept <mask> from making any appearances with the Orioles or their affiliates. On June 1, 2009, <mask> was released. On March 2, 2010, <mask> signed with the Minnesota Twins. He spent the 2010 season with the Rochester Red Wings of the Triple-A International League, posting a 1–3 record, a 7.76 ERA, 13 strikeouts, and eight

masks: Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey Hennessey


title: Brad Hennessey

texts:
 walks in  innings. After 14 games (one start), <mask> was released on August 5. The Houston Astros signed <mask> to a minor league contract on May 31, 2011.He played for the Double-A Corpus Christi Hooks of the Texas League and the Triple-A Oklahoma City RedHawks of the Pacific Coast League. His four games with Corpus Christi were all relief appearances; he had an 0–1 record and a 1.80 ERA. In seven games (six starts) with Oklahoma City, he had an 0–3 record, an 11.45 ERA, 10 strikeouts, and five walks in 22 innings pitched. On August 1, <mask> was released by the Astros. Pitching Style
<mask> threw five pitches: a fastball, a slider, a changeup, a curveball, and a cutter. The fastball was <mask>'s main pitch; he threw it over 60% of the time in the majors. He did not throw it very hard, averaging speeds under 90 mph in 2007 and 2008.His slider was his secondary pitch, and his changeup was his third most-used pitch. <mask> rarely used the cutter except for in 2006, when he threw it 10.1% of the time. Henessey often was plagued by a big inning, displaying a tendency to allow several runs in an inning during his starts. Personal life
Hennessey married a nurse, Erin Bullard, on December 14, 2002. The couple has two children: Emma (born April 18, 2003) and Colin Jacob (born October 26, 2006). Hennessey participated in numerous charitable events during his tenure with the Giants. References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Toledo, Ohio
Baseball players from Ohio
Major League Baseball pitchers
San Francisco Giants players
Youngstown State Penguins baseball players
Salem-Keizer Volcanoes players
Hagerstown Suns players
Norwich Navigators players
Fresno Grizzlies players
Rochester Red Wings players
Corpus Christi Hooks players
Oklahoma City


title: Maurice Gross

texts:
<mask> (born 21 July 1934 in Sedan, Ardennes department; died 8 December 2001 in Paris) was a French linguist and scholar of Romance languages. Beginning in the late 1960s he developed Lexicon-Grammar, a method of formal description of languages with practical applications. Biography
<mask> worked on automatic translation at the École Polytechnique without prior training in linguistics. This led in 1961 to a scholarship to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he met Noam Chomsky and became acquainted with Generative grammar. After returning to France, he worked as a computer scientist at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). In 1964 he went a second time to the United States, this time to the University of Pennsylvania, where he worked with Zellig S. Harris, whom he thereafter regarded as his linguistic foster father. He received his research PhD at the Sorbonne in 1967 with his dissertation L'Analyse formelle comparée des complétives en français et en anglais ("Comparative formal analysis of complements in French and English").He went on as a lecturer at the University of Aix-en-Provence, where he worked with Jean Stefanini. In 1969 he received his teaching doctorate (habilitation) at the University of Paris with defense of his thesis Lexique des constructions complétives, published under the title Méthodes en syntaxe (Paris : Hermann, 1975). He was appointed professor at the new University of Vincennes (which was later Paris VIII), then at the University of Paris VII. In 1968, he founded the

masks:
Maurice Gross
Gross


title: Maurice Gross

texts:
 Laboratoire d'Automatique Documentaire et Linguistique (LADL, the CNRS), and in 1977 the journal Lingvisticae Investigationes. At the age of 67, while completing an essay explicating a fundamental principle in the work of his mentor, <mask> succumbed to bone cancer. Contributions
<mask>'s work, and that of the LADL, gives priority to the principles of methodological rigor, respect for data, empirical observation, comprehensive coverage of a language, and reproducibility of experiments. A systematic description of simple sentences of French yielded a dictionary based on the syntax identifying properties of words salient for parsing and grammatical tagging, and providing a reasoned and detailed classification of most of the elements of the French language.Indeed, before generative grammar adopted the Projection Principle or the Theta criterion, <mask> had undertaken the systematic investigation of the interdependence of lexical entries and grammatical rules. It was for this reason that his methods and results were given the name lexicon-grammar. His students have verified this working hypothesis in many typologically diverse languages, including not only Romance languages and German, but also Modern Greek, Korean, Arabic, Malagasy, and other languages. The work of the LADL was greatly enhanced by the use of computers, beginning in the 1980s. One result was a morpho-syntactic "electronic dictionary" of French. In parallel, taking finite automata as the competence model of language, <mask> developed the concept of local grammar.

masks:
Maurice Gross
Gross
Gross
Gross


title: Maurice Gross

texts: Local grammars, consisting of finite automata coupled with morpho-syntactic dictionaries, support automatic text analysis by the closed-source Intex software  developed by Max Silberztein and, after <mask>'s life by the open source Unitex  conceived by the Gaspard-Monge Computer Science Laboratory (LIGM) and the open source NooJ  software developed at the Université de Franche-Comté.Concurrently, <mask> was working on problems that he considered fundamental to linguistics, although they had long been neglected in the field, such as lexical ambiguity, idioms and collocations, and "support verb" constructions. In 1976 he discovered the "double scan" property of certain support verb constructions, which systematically identifies idioms. <mask>'s computer-assisted research on large amounts of linguistic material led to a picture of language as an instrument that is freely manipulated yet highly constrained idiomatically, a result that is consistent with the distinction between the Idiom Principle and the Open Choice Principle found by corpus linguist John McHardy Sinclair (1933 -2007). <mask> described the organization of language as a lexicon-grammar, and argued that any grammar must fail if its formalization fails to take into account its dependence on the lexicon. He demonstrated that to fully describe a language one must collect a huge quantity of tagged word combinations. The facts registered in the dictionaries and grammars resulting from such collection are useful for natural language processing and in particular for deep


title: Maurice Gross

texts:
 linguistic processing. <mask>'s students include Alain Guillet, Christian Leclère, Gilles Fauconnier, Morris Salkoff, , Bertrand du Castel, Annibale Elia, Jean-Pierre Sueur, Laurence Danlos, Hong Chai-song, Cheng Ting-au, Claude Muller, Eric Laporte, Denis Maurel, Max Silberztein, Tita Kyriacopoulou, Elisabete Ranchhod, Anne Abeillé, Mehryar Mohri, Emmanuel Roche, Nam Jee-sun, Jean Senellart, and Cédrick Fairon.Selected Writings
A complete bibliography of the writings of <mask> is available. Below is a brief selection. As Author
 Papers
 (1979) "On the failure of generative grammar". Language. Journal of the Linguistic Society of America, 55:4.859–885. .
 1981. "Les bases empiriques de la notion de prédicat sémantique". Langages, 63, pp.7-52. (1993) "Les phrases figées en français". L'information grammaticale, 59.36–41. .
 1994. "Constructing Lexicon-Grammars". Computational Approaches to the Lexicon, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 213-263. 1997."The Construction of Local Grammars". Finite-State Language Processing, The MIT Press, pp. 329-352. "Etat du lexique-grammaire du français et perspectives d'extension". In: Sylvain Auroux et al. (Eds. ): History of the Language Sciences, Vol.3. De Gruyter, Berlin 2006, pp. 2122–2129. .

 Monographs
 Méthodes en syntaxe. Le régime des constructions complétives. Paris: Hermann (1975). .
 Grammaire transformationnelle du français. Cantilène, Malakoff. Syntaxe du verbe.1986. (EA Paris 1968). Syntaxe du nom. 1986. (EA Paris 1977). Syntaxe de l’adverbe. 1990. .
 Introduction to formal

masks:
Gross
Maurice Gross


title: Maurice Gross

texts:
 grammars (Tr.by Morris Salkoff of Notions sur les grammaires formelles, 1967). Springer, Heidelberg (1970) (with André Lentin) . Mathematical models in linguistics. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1972). As Editor
 Syntaxe transformationnelle du français (Langue Française; Vol. 11). Larousse, Paris 1971 (with Jean Stéfanini).Méthodes en grammaire française (Initiation à la Linguistique/B; Bd. 6). Klincksieck, Paris 1976 (with  Jean-Claude Chevalier). Études de syntaxe française (Langue Française; Vol. 39). Larousse, Paris 1978 (with Christian Leclère)
 Grammaire et histoire de la grammaire. Hommage à la mémoire de Jean Stéfanini.Universität, Aix-en-Provence 1988 (with Claire Blanche-Benveniste and André Chervel). Memorials Cited
 Chevalier, Jean-Claude. 2001. "<mask>, un grand linguiste", Le Monde, 12 décembre 2001. Archive. Delamar, Michel. 2001."<mask>", 12 décembre 2001. Cache. Dougherty, Ray. 2001. <mask> Memorial Letter. Archive. Ibrahim, Amr Helmy.2002. "<mask> (1934-2001). À la mémoire de <mask>". Hermès 34. Lamiroy, Béatrice, [www.cairn.info/revue-travaux-de-linguistique-2003-1-page-145.htm "<mask> (1934-2001)", Travaux de linguistique 1/2003 (no46), p. 145-158]. Cache. Perrin, Dominique.2002. "In Memoriam <mask>." Cache. References

Linguists from France
French scholars
1934 births
2001 deaths
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
École Polytechnique alumni
Members of Academia Europaea
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Paris alumni
Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis faculty
20th-century

masks:
Maurice Gross
Maurice Gross
Maurice Gross
Maurice Gross
Maurice Gross
Maurice Gross
Maurice Gross


title: Astrid Hadad

texts:
<mask> is a well-known Mexican actress and performance artist. She was born on February 26, 1957, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico. She attended the National Autonomous University of Mexico, originally planning to major in political science and journalism but then changing to theatre. After appearing in a number of shows, she came to the fore in 1985 in Donna Giovanni, an all-female adaptation of Mozart's opera, which was directed by Jesusa Rodríguez and became a great hit in Europe. It closed after its 500th performance, in the Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City. Influences
Parallel to these activities, she created two shows of her own (Nostalgia Arrabalera and Del Rancho a la Ciudad). This led to her producing and starring in the tragicomic musical La Occisa or Luz, Levántate y Lucha based on the life of Mexican singer Lucha Reyes (1904-1944), a very famous ranchera singer.Lucha Reyes is the one who started what <mask> calls "canto bravío" in Mexico. <mask> states in an interview in 1997 "traditionally women would sing the campirana song or bucolic songs with soft voices, with very high pitch. Women did not use the same force in singing compared to a man and Lucha (Reyes) is the one who initiates this type of ranchera singing in a bravía way among women. Because of that she changed the vernacular song". Another influences in the production of <mask> are the teatro de carpa (Tent theater, similar to street theater), and teatro de revista, two forms of the so-called género chico or “light” theater developed in Mexico from the late 1880s to the 1930s, and specially the "rumbera" films from the Golden Age of Mexican cinema (40s - 60s) whose plots were set primarily in cabarets. The principal stars were the actresses and dancers known as "Rumberas". Ms. <mask> says her act also has its origins in the

masks:
Astrid Hadad
Hadad
Hadad
Hadad
Hadad


title: Astrid Hadad

texts:
 German cabaret of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill, “the political cabaret that was a new way of experiencing life” In the 1920s and 1930s, Mexico City's clubs were also filled with performers who skewered the powerful in their acts.But no one since has stuffed all of Mexican political and cultural history into a dress and laced it up with a feminist attitude quite like Ms. <mask>. In a way, one could say that <mask>'s wild cabaret is a little like a Frida Kahlo painting come to life. Like Frida, she draws from the rich motherlode of images offered up by Mexican history and culture: Catholic saints, Aztec and Mayan iconography, revolutionary heroes, exuberant flowers and plants, campesino and indigenous folk art, the golden era of Mexican cinema and so on. But if Frida Kahlo, through no fault of her own, has been reduced, in some quarters, to a mouse pad, Hadad has absorbed this inheritance of a uniquely Mexican and female surrealism and created her own surrealist cabaret that pulses with campy humour and irony. Cabarets
Out of the production La Occisa or Luz, Levántate y Lucha, came <mask>'s collaboration with the musical group that has accompanied her since, Los Tarzanes. Together, they have created various performances (La Mujer Ladrina, Apocalipsis Ranchero, La Mujer del Golfo, etc.). In her Heavy Nopal show, Astrid makes use of iconic references, not just as scenery (the cactus, the rock, the pyramid, the tequila bottle), but also on her own body, becoming not only the stage, but also an altar.From the calla lilies to the extremely complex surprise-multi-purpose outfits to the innumerable ornaments, "rebozos", virgins of Guadalupe, guns, and common places in the essence of Mexico. Someone once described Astrid as a "walking museum of popular cultures." Pecadora is a comic show that has women as a

masks: Hadad Hadad Hadad


title: Astrid Hadad

texts: central theme, using Mary Magdalene, sinner par excellence, as the leading thread. It is a show that aims at rescuing the passion from the dangers of extinction where it can be currently found. In it, Astrid retakes the spirit of the rumberas, the soul of the rancheras and the historical body of everything Mexican. Of course, all this seasoned with a loud wardrobe, where hearts, gigantic eyes, turquoise-blue dresses and an old lantern, among others, play before the eyes of the audience. In Sol y Sombra, taking as an excuse the novel Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Astrid presents a show where, setting the forces of evil against those of goodness, she leads us to reflect on (through her sense of humor) our inner ghosts as well as on the joys of life.This show boasts a very colorful wardrobe and scenery, in which the use of "papel picado" is an important stage element. ("Papel picado" is a thin colored paper with different shapes cut out, used as a decoration on holidays in Mexico.) As for this show it requires an arch-shaped structure to hang from as part of the scenery and the show, it is somewhat bulky to carry. The last performance of the show called "Oh-diosas", (which is a play on words meaning something like "bitchies / Oh - goddesses") was at the end of the month of July 2006 in Mexico City, in one of the boroughs called Colonia Condesa. Other shows by <mask> include Corazón sangrante and La multimamada. “Corazon Sangrante” is a 40s-style bolero and rumba that <mask> wrote of the Aztec king Montezuma whose “heart was bathed in chile” after he was betrayed by Cortez. “Where can I go, where can I put heart, so it won’t hurt, won’t bleed…” she croons as she dances across the stage in a velvet gown adorned with golden pyramids, an outfit she describes as representing the syncretic nature (European and

masks: Hadad Hadad


title: Astrid Hadad

texts:
 Indigenous) of Mexican culture.If this sounds like a history lesson, it is, but it's hysterically funny. For her farewell number, she prances around the stage in a big sombrero with a moving rubber hand sticking up from the center. “Yes, this hand is for self-pleasure,” she quips, “It comes in three speeds.” The band picks up the tempo and Hadad reaches inside the brim to grab confetti, which she tosses into the air. <mask> has also starred in TV soaps and in the film Sólo con tu pareja. <mask> <mask>'s discography includes recorded performances and singing. Discography
 1990 - ¡Ay! (it was reissued later two times as El Calcetín (The Sock) with different covers and added bonuses)
 1995 - Corazón Sangrante (Bleeding Heart)
 1998 - Mexican Divas (participación especial, recopilaciones) (Compilation)
 2000 - Heavy Nopal en vivo (Heavy Nopal Live)
 2000 - Cabaret 2000 (recopilación de canciones), con Eugenia León y Liliana Felipe.(Compilation)
 2003 - La Cuchilla (The blade)
 2004 - Soy Virgencita y mucho más... (I am a virgin) (Compilation)
 2007 – Pecadora (Sinner)
 2007 - ¡Oh! Diosas (Oh! Goddesses)
 2011 - Tierra Misteriosa (Mysterious Land)
 2013 - Vivir Muriendo (Living & dying)
 2017 - Caprichos (Caprices)

Films
1991 – Film  “SOLO CON TU PAREJA”, Director Alfonso Cuarón. 2014 –Cabaret Singer in  “AMOR DE MIS AMORES” of  Manolo Caro. Television
Soap operas (telenovelas), e.g. “Teresa”, Televisa Mexico. HBO: “Pecadora”, “Heavy Nopal” and documentaries for the BBC and HBO.References

External links
  Official Website

1957 births
Mexican people of Lebanese descent
Mexican women singers
Mexican stage actresses
Mexican telenovela actresses
Actresses from Quintana Roo
People from Chetumal, Quintana Roo
Living people
Lesbian actresses
Mexican feminists
Mexican performance artists
21st-century LGBT

masks: Astrid Astrid Hadad


title: Harry Congreve Evans

texts:
<mask> (10 December 1860 – 9 January 1899), generally known as "<mask>" or "<mask>", was a journalist, editor and newspaper proprietor of South Australia. Biography
The Rev. <mask> (1825 – 6 April 1863), a Baptist minister born in Wales, married Mary Ann Wilton (1830–1858), and emigrated to South Australia around 1854. He was sent to the Reedy Creek (now Palmer) copper mine, where he ministered and taught at the local school, then in 1856 to Nuriootpa, where his workload forced him to abandon teaching. They had a son and a daughter before she died, in 1858. On 16 February 1860 he married Matilda Jane Congreve (7 August 1827 – 22 October 1886), who wrote under the pseudonym Maud(e) Jean(ne) Franc. They had two sons: Henry "<mask>" <mask>, born at Nuriootpa, and William James "Will" <mask> (1862–1904).He died at South Rhine on Easter Monday 1863 aged 38 years. Before her marriage Matilda and her sister Emily, who were descended from the family of William Congreve, ran a school at Mount Barker, and it was there that the first of her literary work was done. After the death of her husband she opened a boarding school for girls at Angaston to maintain the four children, but in late 1868, with help from George Fife Angas she sent the two eldest to their father's step-mother in London, where they were neither wanted nor well looked-after. As soon as he was old enough, Ebenezer started working for J. B. Maple & Co., but ill-health prompted his return to Australia in 1878, accompanied by his sister; they opened a store at Tarcowie. <mask> moved to Adelaide with her two sons <mask> and Will, who received

masks:
Henry Conve Evans
Harry Evans
Harry Conve Evans
Ephraim Evans
Harry
Conve Evans
Evans
Matilda Evans
Harry


title: Harry Congreve Evans

texts: further tuition at John Whinham's North Adelaide Grammar School.Her brother, Henry John "<mask>" Congreve (31 March 1829 – 10 July 1918) emigrated to South Australia in 1849, lived for some time in Port Lincoln and Inglewood, Victoria. In 1880 he joined the Gawler Standard, then in 1885 the Bunyip when those two papers merged, resigning in 1890. He was a prolific writer, often as "H.J.C. ", for other journals such as the Adelaide Observer. After leaving school, <mask> found employment with Fanning & Co., then at the age of 16 joined The Advertiser, where he was noted for his stenographic skills and the speed and clarity of his longhand writing, while his energy, good humour and organising ability earned for him leadership of the literary staff. In 1888, as a result of a tour made with Frank Johnson, Minister of Education, to the Northern Territory, he produced an interesting series of articles for his paper. But he craved an outlet for his independent thought and writing, and with A. T. Chandler (also ex-Advertiser), James Hutchison, <mask>, and A. W. Gresswell Smith, founded Quiz, a weekly humorous and satirical publication.Five years later, when Chandler left the partnership, <mask> continued as sole editor. The paper was well received by the public and in 1890, by absorbing a competitor, became Quiz and The Lantern. <mask> was the librettist of Immomeena, composed by Moritz Heuzenroeder, and The Mandarin, composed by John M. Dunn, organist and choirmaster of St. Peter's Cathedral, and both performed at the Theatre Royal, in 1893 and 1896 respectively. He died barely two years later, and was

masks:
Harry
Evans
Harry Craker
Evans
Evans


title: Harry Congreve Evans

texts:
 buried at West Terrace Cemetery. Family

Children of Rev. Ephraim <mask> (1825–1863)
With Mary Ann <mask>, née Wilton (1830 – 1 January 1858):
Mary Ann "Pollie" <mask> (12 February 1855 – 9 February 1937), born at Reedy Creek, Tungkillo near Angaston, later living at Tarcowie. She married farmer Joseph W. Lines (died 1936) in 1882.They had eight children and many present-day descendants. Ephraim Ebenezer "Ebby" <mask> (17 April 1856 – 21 October 1930), draper, of Tarcowie, Queenstown, then Fremantle and Mosman, New South Wales. He married Rachel Drake on 1 October 1881. Attempted suicide, divorced, and died intestate. With Matilda Jane <mask>, née Congreve, (27 August 1827 – 22 October 1886):
Henry "<mask>" Congreve <mask> (10 December 1860 – 9 January 1899) subject of this article
William James "Will" <mask> (17 June 1862 – 22 September 1904) was born in Angas Park, educated at Angaston and North Adelaide; was theatre and music critic for The Advertiser, and also conducted the "From Day to Day" column in The Express, and the "From Week to Week" column in The Chronicle. He was author of Rhymes without Reason. Neither of the two younger sons married; they lived with their mother until she died, then boarded on South Terrace, Adelaide with J.Le M. F. Roberts (1843–1910), his daughter Edith, and his wife Lizzie Marian Roberts, née Gleeson ( –1911), the latter being described as "nurse, mentor, and friend, ... truly a second mother". Edith Roberts was an accomplished dancer who took part in Immomeena and other of <mask>'s stage works. Children of Henry Congreve (1793–1852)
With his first wife Lucy,

masks:
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Harry
Evans
Evans
Harry Evans


title: Harry Congreve Evans

texts:
 née Hoppe (1798–1823):
George Thomas Congreve (1821 – 14 March 1898) medical man who grew quite wealthy; never left England. Wrote books New Era in Medical Science on consumption (tuberculosis), and The Nursery Gem on early childhood. With Elizabeth Ann Congreve née Jacob (she died 1852 at sea; he died 18 December 1852):
Matilda Jane Congreve (27 August 1827 – 22 October 1886) married Rev. Ephraim <mask> (1825–1863) on 16 February 1860; their children were:
Henry "<mask>" Congreve <mask> (10 December 1860 – 9 January 1899), subject of this article
William James "Will<mask> (17 June 1862 – 22 September 1904), some biographical details above
Henry John "<mask>" Congreve (31 March 1829 – 10 July 1918) arrived South Australia on the Trafalgar 17 January 1849, married Jane Marshall Kirkwood on 14 December 1865, lived at "Stretton", Walkerville Road (now Stephen Terrace, Walkerville), which became a second home to his siblings. Emily Congreve (1830 – 28 September 1896) arrived 1852; wrote (as "Little Jacob") Colonial Pen Scratchings
William Congreve (1832 – 20 July 1907) arrived South Australia 17 January 1849 with brother Henry; taught in SA and Victoria, retired to Bridgewater, died at "Stretton", Walkerville Road, St. Peters.Frederick Jacob Congreve (1837 – 16 September 1906) arrived with father 1852
James Congreve (1839 – 10 July 1934) lived in Sydney, died in Brisbane. References

1860 births
1899 deaths
Australian newspaper proprietors
Australian newspaper editors
Australian journalists
Burials at West Terrace Cemetery
People from Nuriootpa, South Australia
19th-century Australian

masks:
Evans
Harry
Evans
" Evans
Harry


title: Troy Bergeron

texts:
<mask> (born December 3, 1983) is a former American football wide receiver in the National Football League for the Buffalo Bills, Atlanta Falcons and Dallas Cowboys. He also was a member of the Georgia Force and Cleveland Gladiators in the Arena Football League. He never played college football. Early years
<mask> attended Shaw High School. He was a three-year starter at wide receiver in a Wing T offense, that focused on running the football. As a junior in 2000, he contributed to the team winning the state championship, while being named the 2000 Columbus Ledger-Enquirer's Offensive Player of the Year. As a senior, he posted 25 receptions for 444 yards and 7 touchdowns.He had one interception in limited duty at cornerback. He missed three games during the season because of surgery to correct compartmental syndrome in his leg. In track, he was part of the Georgia Class 4A state champion 4 × 400 metres relay team and placed second in the 400 metres as a senior. College career
Bergeron initially accepted a football scholarship from Auburn University. Before he enrolled at the school, the coaches asked him to switch to defensive back because of a surplus at the wide receiver position, so he asked to be released from his scholarship. He then transferred to Middle Tennessee State University, but while he was sitting out as a redshirt freshman, his fiancée gave birth to their son and Bergeron decided to move to Columbus to be with his family. He later requested to transfer to Troy University, which was closer to his home, but Middle Tennessee wouldn't release him from his commitment.He then opted to sign a professional football contract with the af2’s Columbus Wardogs and never played a down of college

masks:
Troy Joseph Bergeron
Bergeron


title: Troy Bergeron

texts:
 football. Professional career

Columbus Wardogs (af2)
In 2004, Bergeron made the Columbus Wardogs roster and became the youngest player in [[af2 history at 21. He recorded 77 receptions for 1,220 yards and 26 touchdowns despite missing the team’s first four games. He was only the third Wardog player to reach 1,000 yards receiving. He set a franchise single-game record with 212 receiving yards against the Macon Knights. Three weeks later, he had another record-breaking performance and set three single-game team records with 14 receptions for 216 yards and six touchdowns against the Louisville Fire. He was twice named the af2’s Offensive Player of the Week.Georgia Force (first stint)
In 2005, <mask> signed with the Georgia Force of the Arena Football League. As a rookie, he was slated to be a backup, until starter and offensive specialist Scottie Montgomery was injured in the second quarter of the season opener against the New Orleans VooDoo. <mask> stepped in, tallying a team-high 6 receptions for 116 yards, a game-high 3 receiving touchdowns and 74 yards on three kickoff returns. He was named Offensive Player of the Game for his first AFL contest and was given the starter position. He played in all 16 games, collecting 105 receptions for 1,372 yards, 31 touchdowns and 57 kickoff returns for 1,058 yards. He had a career-long 51-yard kickoff return and a career-long 37-yard missed field goal return against the Grand Rapids Rampage. He was named the 2005 AFL Rookie of the Year and was selected to the 2005 AFL All-Rookie Team.Along with rookie teammate Derek Lee, the duo ended the season as the top receiving touchdown tandem in the AFL with 64 combined touchdowns (<mask> 31 and Lee 33). Atlanta Falcons

masks: Bergeron Bergeron Bergeron


title: Troy Bergeron

texts:
 (first stint)
In 2006, he was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted rookie free agent. He attended training camp and was released following the final pre-season game. Buffalo Bills
On December 12, 2006, he was signed to the Buffalo Bills practice squad. He was released on February 14, 2007. Georgia Force (second stint)
In February 2007, <mask> re-joined the Georgia Force. He appeared in all 16 games and recorded career highs in receptions (132), receiving yards (1,736), touchdowns (41), rushing attempts (10) and rushing yards (81), while earning Second team All-Arena honors.He and teammate Wide receiver Chris Jackson became the first receiving tandem in AFL history to record at least 130 catches, 1,700 receiving yards and 40 touchdowns each. He led the team in receptions (13) and receiving yards (194), he also recorded four touchdowns on the road against the Austin Wranglers. He also had six kickoff returns for 103 yards and one rush for 10 yards. His 194 receiving yards and 307 total yards set new single-game franchise-highs. He also added two tackles and one fumble recovery on special teams. In 2008, Bergeron recorded 91 receptions for 1,247 yards, 24 touchdowns, 7 carries for 62 yards and 7 tackles. He also added five kickoff returns for 71 yards.The Arena Football League folded after the season. Columbus Lions (AIF)
In March 2009, <mask> signed with the Columbus Lions of the American Indoor Football Association. He led the team in receiving yards, touchdowns and catches. He contributed to the franchise winning the SIFL championship in 2010. Atlanta Falcons (second stint)
On April 28, 2009, he was signed by the Atlanta Falcons, only to be released on April 29 after failing his physical with

masks: Bergeron Bergeron


title: Troy Bergeron

texts:
 a hamstring injury. He was re-signed by the team on May 10. He was waived during final cuts on September 4, and re-signed to the practice squad the next day.He was then promoted to the active roster on November 14. <mask> was released November 16 and re-signed to the practice squad on November 18. Ten days later, he was promoted to the 53-man roster again. On December 2, he returned to the practice squad. Due to the release of running back Verron Haynes, <mask> was promoted to the active roster on December 5. <mask> was waived again by the Falcons on December 7 and added to back to the practice squad on December 9. The Falcons promoted <mask> to the active roster again on December 15 when wide receiver Brian Finneran was placed on injured reserve.He spent a total of 6 games on the active roster. He was released on September 4, 2010. Cleveland Gladiators (AFL)
On October 3, 2010, he signed with the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League. Dallas Cowboys
On December 15, 2010, he was signed to the Dallas Cowboys' practice squad. In March 2011, because of the NFL labor dispute and lockout decision, he signed with the Cleveland Gladiators of the Arena Football League. He returned to the Cowboys after the collective bargaining agreement was signed. He was released on July 28, 2011.Personal life
In 2016, he was hired as a physical education teacher and a football assistant coach at Saint Francis Day School, Inc.

References

1983 births
Living people
Players of American football from New Orleans
American football wide receivers
Middle Tennessee Blue Raiders football players
Columbus Wardogs players
Georgia Force players
Atlanta Falcons players
Buffalo Bills players
Dallas Cowboys players
Columbus

masks: Bergeron Bergeron Bergeron Bergeron


title: Ruth Mitchell

texts:
<mask> (ca. 1889–1969) was a reporter who was the only American woman to serve with the Serbian Chetnik under Draža Mihailović in World War II. She was captured by the Gestapo and spent a year as a prisoner of war, later writing a book about her experiences. She also wrote a book about one of her brothers, General <mask>, who is regarded as the founder of the U.S. Air Force. Family and education
<mask> was born 30 April 1889 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, the daughter of Harriet Danforth (Becker) <mask> and <mask>, who a few years later would become a U.S. congressman and senator. Her grandfather was the wealthy banker and railroad tycoon <mask>. She had two sisters and two brothers: William (known as Billy), who became a general, and John, a World War I aviator who died flying over France in 1917.She was educated at Milwaukee-Downer College and then at Vassar College. <mask> was married three times but always preferred to use her birth name. Her first husband was William Van Ryneveld Van Breda, and with him she had two children: John Lendrum Van Breda (b. 1914) and <mask> Breda. John joined the Royal Air Force during World War II and was killed in action in Egypt in May 1941. This marriage was ended by William Van Breda's death. <mask>'s second husband was Stanley Knowles, a British public school teacher who was stationed in Albania as a diplomat during World War II.They separated in the early 1930s, and in 1943 <mask> went to Reno, Nevada, to get a divorce. In May 1944, <mask> married Benjamin H. Jackson of Idaho, who worked in the mining industry. Although <mask> inherited

masks:
Ruth Mitchell
Billy Mitchell
Ruth Mitchell
Mitchell
John Lendrum Mitchell
Alexander Mitchell
Mitchell
Ruth Van
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell
Mitchell


title: Ruth Mitchell

texts:
 enough money not to have to work, she had an adventurous temperament. An article about her in 1955 described her as one of the "pioneer women airplane pilots," though it is uncertain when or where she learned this skill. World War II
After the death of her first husband, <mask> took up photography and writing. In 1938, she was sent to the Balkans by the Illustrated London News as a reporter to cover the marriage of King Zog of Albania. She ended up staying in Europe for four years and was based out of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, when it was bombed and then invaded by Axis powers in April 1941.<mask> first became involved with the Chetniks as a reporter and only later joined as a member. It was subsequently reported that <mask> joined the Comitadji, the Yugoslavian Chetnik guerrilla band led by General Draža Mihailović. Another source states that she initially joined the Chetniks through Mihailović's rival Kosta Pećanac and later shifted her allegiance to Mihailović. Women were rare among the Chetniks, and <mask> later said that she was accepted only because she could "ride just about anything on four legs" and was ready "to die like a man." Fluent in German, she worked for the Chetniks as a spy and a courier for about a year. After the German army invaded Yugoslavia in 1941, <mask> was arrested in the port of Dubrovnik by the Gestapo while mapping German gun emplacement locations for Mihailović. In her book The Serbs Choose War published in 1943, she prophetically described crimes later a subject of the film The Monuments Men, the looting of national cultural treasures in occupied

masks: Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell Mitchell


title: Ruth Mitchell

texts:
 European nations by the Nazis:

Every art gallery and every private home is being picked clean.Everything beautiful, everything valuable to local history as well as to humanity as a whole, is being lugged away to Germany. Will these things ever be recovered? How can it be done? The United States's neutrality at the time of her arrest prevented her immediate execution. She was held in a dozen German prisons and camps for 13 or 14 months, in the course of which she was tried and sentenced to death. Of this ordeal, she later wrote:
All the women in those prisons expected to die, and I think all the rest of them did. We were starved, tortured and beaten....It taught me the heights of courage to which the human soul can reach.She escaped execution by being released in 1942 as part of a prisoner of war exchange, through pressure exerted by the Swiss government. The following year, <mask> published The Serbs Choose War, an account of her year with Mihailović and the Chetniks and her subsequent life as a German prisoner of war. Here is part of her description of the Nazi bombing of Belgrade on April 6, 1941:
I ran to a smashed window. There in the street among piles of stones men and women lay still in strange, contorted attitudes. I had a surge of uncontrollable wild fury.... There were two unexploded incendiary bombs embedded in the pavement just outside my windows. Postwar activities
In 1946 <mask> returned to Milwaukee from overseas.After the war she was actively involved in continuing controversies over the wartime role of the Chetniks. In 1946, she spoke out against the

masks: Mitchell Mitchell


title: Ruth Mitchell

texts:
 trial of General Mihailović that was then being held in Belgrade. In part this was personal: one of the Mihailović's codefendants, former Belgrade mayor Dragomir Jovanović, had charged her with being seen with the Gestapo. Her response to this was that she had been seen with the Gestapo when she was arrested and court-martialed for her Chetnik activities But she also voiced strong support for Mihailović, calling him "the greatest patriot of the war" and charging that Marshal Tito was claiming credit for his victories and that Tito held power "by using the notorious Croat Ustashe, an organization of murderers trained by Mussolini." After the war, <mask> worked on behalf of orphaned Serbian children, fundraising for the charity Serbian War Orphans of World War II. In 1953 she published My Brother Bill, a book about the general that ranged from his early years to his notorious court-martial. By 1955 she was living in London, reportedly in a flat where Lord Byron once lived.That same year, she  toured the United States promoting the Warner Brothers film The Court-Martial of <mask>. Later life and death
In her later years, <mask> lived in Portugal, where she died in Belas in 1969 following a heart attack. References

1888 births
1969 deaths
American guerrillas of World War II
American reporters and correspondents
20th-century American non-fiction writers
American women civilians in World War II
Writers from Milwaukee
Vassar College alumni
Chetnik personnel of World War II
Women soldiers
American women non-fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
Milwaukee-Downer

masks:
Mitchell
Billy Mitchell
Mitchell


title: William Kitchen Parker

texts:
<mask> FRS FRMS (23 June 1823 – 3 July 1890) was an English physician, zoologist and comparative anatomist. From a humble beginning he became Hunterian Professor of Anatomy and Physiology in the College of Surgeons of England. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1865, awarded the Royal Medal in 1866. From 1871–73 he was President of the Royal Microscopical Society, and in 1885 he received the Baly Medal of the Royal College of Physicians. Life
<mask> was born in the village of Dogsthorpe, near Peterborough in the County of Northamptonshire. His father, <mask>, was a working farmer, living in a thatched house, built in 1635. Thomas was a Wesleyan of the old school: a Methodist-Churchman, God-fearing and courteous, farming his own land.He married the daughter of another farmer, <mask>, whose name was also given to their son <mask>. <mask> was the second son, and six other children in the family died in their infancy. He went to a village dame school early in life, then to parish schools in Werrington and Paston. Schooling was interspersed with farm-work. After telling his father that farm-work was not for him, <mask> entered the Peterborough Grammar School for nine months, and then started on the road to medical education. He  was articled to a surgeon at Market Overton in 1842, using his spare time to teach himself about the plants of the neighbourhood. His knowledge of botany became remarkably extensive and accurate.In 1842 he became apprenticed to a country surgeon. During this time he continued educating himself in natural history by reading, looking and doing. The doing consisted of collecting and dissecting birds and mammals, and working up a portfolio of exquisitely beautiful and accurate drawings. <mask> married Elizabeth Jeffery whilst still a student: she was the

masks:
William Kitchen Parker
Parker
Thomas Parker
Sarah Kitchen
William
William Parker
Parker
Parker


title: William Kitchen Parker

texts:
 daughter of the clerk to the Vauxhall Bridge Company. Her mother was the sister of Joseph Prendergast DD (1791–1875), the Headmaster of Colfe's School (1831–1857), and the benefactor of Prendergast School, both in the borough of Lewisham. <mask> and Elizabeth had seven children, three daughters and four sons. The first son, Thomas Jeffery <mask>, became Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in the University of Otago, New Zealand; the second, <mask> <mask>, became Professor of Biology in the University College, Cardiff; the third was a draughtsman and lithographer; the fourth was a surgeon.In his work on the vertebrate skull <mask> became close to Thomas Henry Huxley, and named one of his sons after him. His first son was sent to study under Huxley, and became in 1872 one of Huxley's demonstrators. <mask> was elected FRS in 1865, and a few years afterwards the Royal Society gave him an annual grant to aid his work, and a generous Wesleyan friend more than once presented £100 towards the cost of publishing some of his plates. Later in life a State pension was awarded. The honours and appointments <mask> gained later in life were due mainly for his work on the vertebrate skeleton and its significance in establishing a "true theory of the vertebrate skull" (Edward Sabine). His Royal Society obituary notice described him as "An unworldly seeker after truth, loved by all who knew him". He is buried in a Wandsworth cemetery under a cross of red granite.Medical training
<mask> studied at King's College London from 1844–46, and became a student-demonstrator there to Mr (later Sir) <mask>, the surgeon, histologist and anatomist. He attended Charing Cross Hospital in 1846–47. He never took notes during lectures, but drew sketches, and claimed he remembered the facts as well as anyone who

masks:
William
Parker
William Newton
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
William Bowman


title: William Kitchen Parker

texts:
 took notes. He produced sheet after sheet of artistic drawing, all worthy of publication and large numbers of skeletons of birds and mammals. He attended Richard Owen's lectures at the College of Surgeons, and "received with enthusiasm the doctrine of the archetype which he was afterwards to do so much to overturn". <mask> avoided taking exams, and remained for many years with the minimum qualification for running a general medical practice, which in those days was an LSA (Licenciate of the Society of Apothecaries), a qualification of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries. From 1849, <mask> ran a general practice in London for many years, at various locations.The income supported his family, but his interest was in zoology, at which he was entirely self-taught. Today he is remembered only as a zoologist, one of a quite a sizeable groupincluding Thomas Henry Huxley, Richard Owen and Joseph Dalton Hookerwho were qualified in medicine but whose life work was in natural history or one of the newly named biological sciences. Career in zoology

Forams
Introduced to the microscope during his medical studies, <mask> continued to study the microscopic structure of tissues. It was on a visit to Bognor collecting sand that he encountered Polyzoa and Foraminifera, which he sorted, mounted and studied. <mask> became one of the greatest authorities on the Foraminifera, a group containing microscopic single-celled amoeboid protists with calcareous tests (shells). Had he not met Rupert Jones and <mask> he might have remained an unpublished amateur. It was Jones, mainly, who taught him how to present his considerable knowledge, and together they wrote 34 papers on the forams.Morphology of birds
At the same time, <mask> worked on his dissections, preparations and skeletons of vertebrates, especially

masks:
Parker
Parker
Parker
Parker
Crawford Williamson
Parker


title: William Kitchen Parker

texts:
 birds. He developed, for example, about 300 preparations of bird wings and many complete skeletons. This work resulted in 24 papers on birds, including one on Archaeopteryx. There is a general article on birds in Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed. Owen's concept of vertebrate anatomy
Richard Owen was one of <mask>'s teachers, yet <mask> came to overthrow the master's ideas. Owen's view on anatomy did not derive from evolution, but from German philosophical notions of idealism. These ideas, associated in biology with Goethe and Kant, and developed in anatomy by Oken and Cuvier, were used by Owen in his theoretical expositions.Vertebrate anatomy, in this scheme, was to be seen as variations on an archetype. From an idea of Goethe's in 1790, Oken developed a theory that the bones of the skull were four modified vertebrae. Oken's exaggeration "The entire man is only a vertebra" was memorable. Oken's ideas were revived and expanded by Owen, and presented to the British Association meeting in 1846. The weak point in Owen's theory was its basis solely on the more derived and specialised skulls, and even so it took no notice of their embryological development. For example, Owen made no reference to the work of Rathke, who had shown in 1839 that there was no sign of the four vertebrae in the early embryo of snakes. The assault on Owen's system
Huxley was the first man to attack Owen's ideas on the vertebrate skeleton, in his Croonian Lecture to the Royal Society in 1858.He showed from a study of the early stages of lower fish, and also the stickleback and the frog, that the segmentation of the skull in higher vertebrata is a secondary process, and is independent of vertebration. The basis of the work was embryology, but the early history of the skull was known in only a few species. <mask>'s

masks: Parker Parker Parker


title: William Kitchen Parker

texts:
 distinction was to carry out a careful study of the process in a much wider variety of vertebrates; his ironic comment on the "anatomical suffering caused to fish from their being dragged into harmony with that mischievous piece of work, the vertebrate archetype" shows, from such a gentle man, a surprising vigour in debate. "It is high time for us to have ceased from transcendentalism: of what use is it?" he asked. <mask> on the vertebrate skull
From 1865 to 1888 <mask> published 36 studies on the vertebrate skull, including a monograph . The entire series comprises nearly 1800 pages of letterpress and about 270 plates.The work was summarised in Francis Balfour's Comparative Embryology of 1881, and settled the fate of Owen's transcendental archetype theory of the vertebrate skull once and for all. The vertebrate shoulder-girdle
Another major vertebrate project was a monograph on the comparative anatomy of the vertebrate shoulder-girdle (pectoral girdle). One of the chief results of this work was, by demonstrating the true homologies of the various bones of the shoulder-girdle in fishes, to overthrow Owen's theory of the nature of limbs. <mask> showed (contrary to Owen) that the true shoulder-girdle is from the first totally independent of the skull. In teleost and ganoid fish, the skull and shoulder-girdle are brought into connexion by derivatives of the skin-skeleton, not by bones of the shoulder-girdle. Discoveries like this alerted <mask> to the failure of the great system of transcendental anatomy which Owen had done so much to establish. Royal College of Surgeons
In 1873, Professor Flower was invalided, and <mask> was asked to step in the breach.He took his MRCS diploma by viva voce, and was appointed Professor. Afterwards, they shared the Hunterian chair jointly. Difficulty in

masks: Parker Parker Parker Parker Parker


title: William Kitchen Parker

texts:
 writing
There are many indications that <mask> found writing difficult, and avoided it, and when forced to write the result was often scarcely comprehensible. Whatever the reason, he needed, and got, help and advice. Huxley gave him detailed advice more than once, which <mask> either ignored or could not put into action. "He wrote without system, putting down everything as it occurred to him, and continually going off on side issues. He never revised: it was always the first draft of his MS. that went to the printer, and none but minor alterations were made in proof; and such methods of assisting the reader as abstracts, careful descriptions of figures, etc., always seemed to him superfluous.""But from the purely literary standpoint the case is altered: scattered up and down his writings are passages of great beauty, of true and sincere eloquence, and of quaint whimsical humour." Although <mask> could scarcely write a simple descriptive sentence to save his life, he certainly had a huge grasp of the imagery and poetics of the English language. This is part of one sequence quoted by his son:
"If the Megatherium, or his somewhat more modest-sized relation, the Mylodon (another extinct sloth), did find their supply of food in the way palaeontologists suggest, their mode of dining must have been a sight worth seeing...
"Let us, however, try to imagine a Megatherium waking up after lazily dozing a month or two during the dry season, and then, hungry and wet, in the heavy downpour of the beginning rainy season, setting to work to break his fast. As far as can be judged by the tools he had to work with—paws a yard, and claws a foot, in length—the first thing to be done was to throw a few hundredweights of earth from the roots of some large tree. "Now he changes his tactics; he has good


title: William Kitchen Parker

texts:
 collar-bones, and well-shaped arms for embracing; so, bear-like, he hugs the tree upon which his desires are set, and, busily digging still, not now with his fore, but with his hind, paws, his great weight resting upon his haunches and his tail, he, with many groans, sways the big tree to and fro; at last with a great crash it falls..."

That is certainly not the prose of the usual science author. At least two of <mask>'s books were written with help: his Morphology of the skull was written from his dictation and notes by G.T. Bettany, and his 1884 lectures On mammalian descent were written with the help of a friend, Arabella Buckley, who had been Charles Lyell's secretary.<mask>'s avoidance of exams also points towards an avoidance of writing, especially since his early career would have been much improved by taking a higher qualification. As far as we know, it was not a lack of money which prevented him taking exams (as it was with Huxley). His father, though not wealthy, was able to give his children a start in life. Dyslexia is a possible explanation, but it is hard to reconcile with passages such as the above. Perhaps an upbringing in a farmhouse with little reading material apart from the Bible, and little opportunity to practice writing in his early years led to his unusual characteristics as a scientific writer. References

External links
On Mammalian Descent; the Hunterian Lectures for 1884: being nine lectures ... By <mask> <mask>

1823 births
1890 deaths
People from Peterborough
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
19th-century English medical doctors
English zoologists
British ornithologists
Alumni of King's College London
Fellows of King's College London
Royal Medal winners
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Microscopical Society
Alumni of Charing

masks:
Parker
Parker
William Kitchen
Parker


title: Joh Hyun

texts:
<mask> (The romanization preferred by the author according to LTI Korea.) (Hangul 조현; born 1969) is a South Korean novelist. He follows the example of some artists known to adopt alien alter-egos (notably the British musician David Bowie, who invented the bisexual rockstar Ziggy Stardust persona) and describes himself as a "special correspondent in Earth for the planet of Klaatu." Klaatu is also the name of a fictional alien in the 1951 film The Day the Earth Stood Still directed by Robert Wise, based on the short story "Farewell to the Master" by Harry Bates. A Canadian rock band performed under the same name in the 1970s. As his unusual self-label suggests, <mask> writes science fiction that combines Eastern history and culture with those of the West. Life
<mask> was born in Damyang County, South Korea in 1969.He made his literary debut in 2008 when his short story “The Elegant Philosophy of the Paper Napkin” (종이냅킨에 대한 우아한 철학) won the Dong-A Daily New Writer's Contest. Jo mainly wrote poetry during his university years, but after landing a full-time job, he became content with reading literature as opposed to writing it. Near the end of his twenties, he decided to submit a poem to a new writer's contest but did not win. He tried again a decade later as a way to wrap up his thirties, sending in a poem

masks:
Joh Hyun
Joh Hyun
Joh Hyun


title: Joh Hyun

texts:
 Napkin” (종이냅킨에 대한 우아한 철학), were written based on what he saw in his dreams.Jo elaborates on his dreams in another short story, “Eunhasureul geonneo – klaatuhangseongtongshin 1” (은하수를 건너-클라투행성통신1 Crossing the Galaxy: Correspondence to Planet Klaatu 1). The protagonist's lucid dreams can be seen as alternate versions of Jo's own dream world. “The Elegant Philosophy of the Paper Napkin” has been translated into English and appeared in the literary journal AZALEA published by the Korean Institute of Harvard University. Writing
Literary critic Jeong Gwa-ri and novelist Song Sokze, who judged the 2008 Dong-A Daily New Writer's Contest, wrote the following commentary on selecting <mask> <mask>'s “The Elegant Philosophy of the Paper Napkin” as the winning work:

“‘The Elegant Philosophy of the Paper Napkin’ follows the story of cyborgs conducting an anthropological study of humans after their extinction. The work stood out for its highly imaginative premise involving ‘The Waste Land’ poet T. S. Eliot and napkins that satirize the emotional poverty of people today. Also notable was its clever narrative structure of starting and ending the story with shocking reveals in the form of letters. Blending prescient reflections on reality into a fictional world, while meeting the classic criteria for a ‘well-wrought

masks: Joh Hyun


title: Joh Hyun

texts:
 urn,’ the work was a worthy winner.”

The commentary offers a basic guideline to understanding <mask> <mask>’s work: against the backdrop of fictional universes influenced by a number of science fiction masterpieces, Jo writes stories about reality.In a perceptive commentary on the author, literary critic Kang Yu-jeong writes: “Novels are fiction. Even a fact, as soon as it enters the framework of fiction, becomes a component of fiction. A story that shamelessly presents ‘facts’ as real information is phony and obscene. Bad storytellers often use real information to emphasize the authenticity of their work. Bad liars think they are fooling others, but are really just fooling themselves. Better liars know how to fool others without fooling themselves. The best liars, that is the true liars, believe in their own lies.To make a lie true, the key is to properly construct the lie and have faith in it. Funnily enough, a properly constructed lie is often more poignant than a poorly told truth. People readily sympathize with true lies and are moved by their alluring charm. A well-made story, a great novel—they are all poignant lies. In the world of fiction and storytelling, whether something is factual or not is not the point. The point is whether it can inspire awe in your heart. I have no doubt in my mind that


title: Joh Hyun

texts:
 <mask> <mask> is a superb liar.”

Works
1.『누구에게나 아무것도 아닌 햄버거의 역사』, 민음사, 2011년. { The History of the Hamburger that Was Nothing to Anyone. Minumsa, 2011. } 2. 「제인도우, 마이보스」, 『2017 현대문학상 수상소설집』, 현대문학, 2017년. { “Jane Doe, My Boss.” In 2017 Hyundae Literary Award Anthology. <mask> Munhak, 2017. }Works in translation
 The Elegant Philosophy of the Paper Napkin (English)

Awards
1. 2017: Hyundae Literary Award

2. 2008: Dong-A Daily New Writer's Contest

Further reading
 김태환, ｢식물성 맥도날드, 아이러니와 역설의 세계｣, 『문학과사회』, 2008년 여름호. { Kim, Tae-hwan. “Vegetarian McDonald’s: The World of Irony and Paradox.” Literature and Society, 2008 Summer Issue. } 서희원, ｢누구에게는 모든 것인 우연 또는 시적 상상력의 소설｣, 『문학동네』, 2011년 겨울호. { Seo, Hui-won.“A Novel of Chance or Poetic Imagination that Was Everything to Someone.” Munhakdongne, 2011 Winter Issue. } 서희원, ｢외계인 비밀 보고서 공개 “지구인은…”｣, 『프레시안』, 2011년 9월 23일. { Seo, Hui-won. “Secret Alien Report Disclosed: Earthlings are...” Pressian, September 23, 2011. } 이수형 · 조현, ｢조현 작가 인터뷰｣,『웹진 문지』, 2011년 12월 18일. { Lee, Su-hyeong, and Hyeon Jo. “Interview with Writer <mask> <mask>.” Webzine Moonji, December 18, 2011. }｢조현 소설가｣, 『사이버문학광장 문장』, 2011년 9월 26일. { “Novelist <mask> <mask>.” Munjang, September 26, 2011. } References

South Korean science fiction writers
21st-century South Korean writers
1969 births
Living

masks: Joh Hyun Hyundae Joh Hyun Joh Hyun


title: Liu Yin (Southern Han)

texts:
<mask> (劉隱) (874 – April 4, 911), formally Prince Xiang of Nanhai (南海襄王), later further posthumously honored Emperor Xiang (襄皇帝) with the temple name of Liezong (烈宗) by his younger brother <mask>, was a warlord late in the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Tang's succeeding dynasty Later Liang of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, who ruled Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou, Guangdong) as its military governor (Jiedushi). It was on the basis of his rule that <mask> was later able to establish the state of Southern Han. Background
<mask> was born in 874, during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang. His father, whose name was variously referred to as <mask> or <mask>, was a low-level officer at Guang Prefecture (廣州), the capital of Qinghai (then known as Lingnan East Circuit (嶺南東道)). His mother Lady Wei was a niece to Lingnan East's then-military governor Wei Zhou (韋宙). <mask> eventually came to control Feng Prefecture (封州, in modern Zhaoqing, Guangdong) as its prefect. <mask> was his oldest son, and he had two younger ones, <mask> (劉台), also born of Lady Wei, and <mask>, born of his concubine Lady Duan.(Lady Wei had killed Lady Duan out of a jealous rage after finding out about Lady Duan, whom <mask> had kept in a house away from their mansion. When <mask> subsequently buried Lady Duan, at her burial location was a stone tablet that bore the characters of <mask>, Tai, and Yan, and he used those characters to name his three sons.) As prefect of Feng Prefecture
In 894, <mask> died, and <mask> was observing a period of mourning when

masks:
Liu Yin
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Yin
Liu Qian
Liu Zhiqian
Liu Qian
Liu Yin
Liu Tai
Liu Yan
Liu Qian
Liu Qian
Yin
Liu Qian
Liu Yin


title: Liu Yin (Southern Han)

texts:
 it was said that a group of about 100 soldiers and civilians were planning a disturbance. <mask> slaughtered them. Thereafter, then-military governor of Lingnan East, <mask>i (劉崇龜), made him a Lingnan East officer and gave him one of the titles that <mask> held, the defender of Heshui Base (賀水鎮, in modern Nanning, Guangxi). Shortly after, <mask>i commissioned him the prefect of Feng Prefecture. In 896, a new military governor of the circuit (which had been renamed Qinghai by that point), Li Zhirou the Prince of Xue, commissioned by then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong (Emperor Xizong's brother and successor), was reporting to Qinghai.Instead of preparing to welcome him, however, the Qinghai officers Lu Ju (盧琚) and Tan Hongqi (譚弘玘) instead prepared to resist him and took up defensive positions, with Tan defending Duan Prefecture (端州, in modern Zhaoqing). Tan tried to enter an alliance with <mask> to defend against Li, and promised to give his daughter to <mask> in marriage. <mask> pretended to agree, but instead, under the guise that he was going to go to Duan Prefecture to marry Tan's daughter, ambushed Tan and killed him. He then attacked Guang Prefecture and killed Lu, and then welcomed Li to Guang Prefecture to take command. Li commissioned <mask> as the commander of the Qinghai army (行軍司馬, Xingjun Sima). As Qinghai officer
In 898, Zeng Gun (曾袞) the prefect of Shao Prefecture (邵州, in modern Shaoguan, Guangdong) attacked Guang Prefecture, and was joined by the Guang Prefecture officer Wang Gui (王瓌, who commanded a fleet). <mask> defeated them, and when the Shao

masks:
Liu Yin
Liu Chonggu
Liu Qian
Liu Chonggu
Liu Yin
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Yin


title: Liu Yin (Southern Han)

texts: Prefecture officer <mask> (劉潼) subsequently attacked Zhen (湞州) and Han (浛州) (both in modern Qingyuan, Guangdong), <mask> defeated and killed him.In 900, Emperor Zhaozong commissioned the chancellor Xu Yanruo to replace Li Zhirou as military governor of Qinghai, but before Xu could get to Qinghai, Li died. When Xu arrived at Qinghai, he made <mask> his deputy military governor and entrusted the affairs of the circuit to <mask>. When Xu himself died in 901, he left a will recommending <mask> as the acting military governor. Emperor Zhaozong subsequently commissioned Cui Yuan, but when Cui reached Jiangling, he heard that Qinghai was overrun by bandits and also feared that <mask> would not yield authority to him, and therefore requested recall to the imperial government; Emperor Zhaozong agreed and did so, but did not name <mask> military governor at that time. In 902, Lu Guangchou the prefect of Qian Prefecture (虔州, in modern Ganzhou, Jiangxi) attacked Qinghai Circuit and captured Shao Prefecture and put Chao Prefecture (潮州, in modern Chaozhou, Guangdong) under siege, <mask> defeated him and tried to recapture Shao. <mask> advised him not to, pointing out that Lu's army was still strong, but <mask> did not listen to him and attacked Shao anyway. At that time, the water level on the river was high, and <mask> was not able to get food supplies to the army on time.A counterattack by Lu and his officer Tan Quanbo defeated him and forced his withdrawal, allowing Lu to retain Shao. In 904, by which time the powerful warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of

masks:
Liu Tong
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Yan
Liu Yin
Liu Yin


title: Liu Yin (Southern Han)

texts:
 Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) was in effective control of the imperial government, having assassinated Emperor Zhaozong and replaced him with his son Emperor Ai, <mask> bribed Zhu and requested to be commissioned military governor. Zhu agreed, and <mask> was subsequently given the military governorship. As military governor
In 905, Emperor Ai bestowed the honorary chancellor designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事) on <mask>. In 907, Zhu Quanzhong forced Emperor Ai to yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. He gave <mask> the greater honorary chancellor title of Shizhong (侍中) and created him the Prince of Dapeng. In 908, <mask> the Prince of Chu to the north of Qinghai, sent his officer Lü Shizhou (呂師周) to attack Qinghai, capturing six prefectures (Zhao (昭州, in modern Guilin, Guangxi), He (賀州, in modern Hezhou, Guangxi), Wu (梧州, in modern Wuzhou, Guangxi), Meng (蒙州, in modern Wuzhou), Gong (龔州, in modern Guigang, Guangxi), and Fu (富州, in modern Hezhou)) from Qinghai.Also in 908, Later Liang's Emperor Taizu sent the officials Zhao Guangyi (趙光裔) and <mask>heng (李殷衡) as emissaries to <mask> to commission him as the military governor of both Qinghai and Jinghai (靜海, headquartered in modern Hanoi, Vietnam) Circuits. <mask> accepted the commissions but then detained Zhao and Li and did not permit them to return to the Later Liang court. In 909, Emperor Taizu created <mask> the Prince of Nanping. In or sometime before 910, <mask> had sent <mask> to attack Ningyuan

masks:
Liu Yin
Liu
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Ma Yin
Li Yin
Liu
Liu
Liu
Liu Yin
Liu Yan


title: Liu Yin (Southern Han)

texts:
 Circuit (寧遠, headquartered in modern Yulin, Guangxi), which consisted of its capital Rong Prefecture (容州) and Gao Prefecture (高州, in modern Maoming, Guangdong) and which was then governed by Pang Juzhao (龐巨昭), but <mask> was defeated by Pang. Still, believing that he could not prevail over <mask>, Pang surrendered Ningyuan to Chu in 910. Ma stationed his general Yao Yanzhang at Rong Prefecture. Later in the year, Emperor Taizu created <mask> the Prince of Nanhai.In 911, <mask> fell ill. He submitted a recommendation that <mask> succeed him, and then died. Subsequently, <mask> took over the circuit. Personal information
 Father
 <mask> or <mask>, posthumously honored Emperor Shengwu with the temple name of Daizu
 Mother
 Lady Wei, posthumously honored Empress Wu
 Wife?/Concubine? Lady Yan, mother of Princess Qingyuan
 Children
 Princess Zengcheng, wife of Changhe's emperor Zheng Min (鄭旻)
 <mask> (劉華), the Princess Qingyuan, wife of Min's prince (later emperor) Wang Yanjun
 At least one son

References

Citations

Bibliography
 History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 135. New History of the Five Dynasties, vol.65. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 267, 268. Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms (十國春秋), vol. 58. Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Qinghai Circuit
10th-century rulers in Asia
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Jinghai Circuit
Tang dynasty generals from Guangdong
874 births
911 deaths
Tang dynasty politicians from Guangdong
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Lingnan Circuit
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) people born

masks:
Liu Yan
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Liu Yin
Liu Yan
Liu Yan
Liu Zhiqian
Liu Qian
Liu Hua


title: Odette Ferreira

texts:
<mask> (4 June 19257 October 2018) was a Portuguese professor of microbiology who played an important role in research on HIV, through the identification of the HIV-2 virus in association with the Pasteur Institute of Paris. She was also the coordinator of the Portuguese programme to fight AIDS, overseeing the "Say no to a second-hand syringe" project, which resulted in the collection and exchange by pharmacies of 43 million used syringes between 1993 and 2008. Early life
<mask> was born in Lisbon, Portugal, on 4 June 1925. Her grandfather was the owner of the first pharmacy on the island of Bolama in Portuguese Guinea and her father was a civil servant there. Her uncles were also pharmacists. <mask> moved to Bolama when she was only three months old. Back in Portugal at the age of 10, she attended the Colégio Moderno in Lisbon.Education
After obtaining a bachelor's degree, <mask> had to postpone further academic training. The pharmacy faculty at the University of Lisbon had been closed since 1932, and the only institution able to offer a Pharmacy degree was in Porto. Her father, however, would not let her go alone to Porto to study. In 1968, the pharmacy faculty reopened in Lisbon, enabling her to continue her chosen studies, graduating in pharmaceutical studies in 1970. She then became an assistant professor at the University of Lisbon, responsible for practical instruction in microbiology, bacteriology, and virology. She was soon invited to spend a three-month internship with the Pasteur Institute, leaving her husband, also a pharmacist, and two daughters behind in Lisbon to go to Paris. On completing the internship, where she had been made aware of techniques for identifying the AIDS virus, she started a doctorate on the topic of hospital infections, receiving a PhD from Paris-Sud University in 1977.Career
In the 1970s, <mask> began collaborating with

masks:
Maria Odette Santos Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira
Ferreira


title: Odette Ferreira

texts: the Pasteur Institute to carry out an epidemiological study of hospital infections caused by the Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacillus observed in Lisbon hospitals. Her studies led to the identification of Portuguese lysotypes that had not previously been categorised. After the Carnation Revolution (25 April 1974), in which the authoritarian Estado Novo government was overthrown, she had several different roles in the reorganization of the University of Lisbon, as a member of the Board of Directors and of the Pedagogical Council. In the 1980s, <mask> worked continuously with the Pasteur Institute, where she developed detection techniques for the HIV-1 lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), one of the etiological agents of HIV, and made the first diagnoses of cases of AIDS in Portugal, including that of the famous Portuguese singer António Variações. In September 1985, she flew to Paris from Lisbon with test tubes of blood in her coat. She held them close to her body to keep the blood at body temperature, necessary to maintain the stability of the samples, and also to be able to pass through security without inspection. The blood came from a patient from Guinea-Bissau who had been admitted to the Egas Moniz Hospital in Lisbon.It was known that people in Guinea-Bissau had AIDS but researchers could not find antibodies to HIV-1 in their blood. The research <mask> carried out at the Pasteur Institute in the following two weeks, together with Nobel Prize winners Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier, culminated in the identification of a new type of AIDS virus, HIV-2, and paved the way for comparative studies between HIV-1 and HIV-2. From this time all of <mask>'s scientific activity was focused on the study of the HIV/AIDS infection, in particular on the less-virulent HIV-2. Her discovery of HIV-2, its epidemiology and diagnosis, made in collaboration with the

masks: Ferreira Ferreira Ferreira


title: Odette Ferreira

texts: Pasteur Institute and with José Luis Champalimaud from the Egas Moniz Hospital, came to revolutionize the world of serological diagnosis and helped the Retrovirus and Associated Infections Unit (CPM-URIA) at the University of Lisbon to expand and concentrate important lines of research in the area of retroviruses. Following this discovery, <mask> and Champalimaud were invited to become consultants to the World Health Organization's AIDS Programme. <mask> became Professor of Microbiology at the University of Lisbon in 1986 and played a major role in the creation of the university's microbiology laboratory. In 1992 she was appointed coordinator of the Portuguese National Programme to fight AIDS, a position she held until 2000.Under her, the "Say no to a second-hand syringe" project was introduced. Resulting from a partnership between the Ministry of Health and the National Association of Pharmacies, this project was developed simultaneously throughout Portugal at approximately 2,500 pharmacies. By collecting 43 million used syringes between 1993 and 2008 the programme successfully reduced the risk of intravenous transmission of HIV and other communicable diseases (Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C) to drug addicts. Other projects with significant impact were the establishment of anonymous and free screening centres, and the creation of a centre in Lisbon to provide counselling, analysis, consultation and protection for sex workers. The work of the National Programme is estimated to have saved several thousand lives. Ferreira visited drug addicts and prostitutes, alerting them to the need to exchange syringes and use condoms. She protested against the "stupidity of fear" and did not hesitate to hug and kiss HIV-positive people, even when she was personally ostracized by people who believed that the AIDS virus was spread like influenza.She promoted several

masks: Ferreira Ferreira


title: Odette Ferreira

texts:
 home-support services coordinated by the Solidarity Project of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, and the construction of a residence to support AIDS patients through provision of palliative care (Residência Madre Teresa de Calcutá). Awards
In 1975, the French government made <mask> a Chevalier dans l'Ordre des Palmes Academiques for her role in strengthening scientific cooperation between Portugal and France, and in 1987 she was made a Chevalier de la Légion d'Honneur for her work on HIV. In Portugal, in 1988, she was made a Commander of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword (). In 2016, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES) awarded her the Medal of Merit for her "valuable and exceptional contribution to the development of science or scientific culture in Portugal". The Order of Pharmacists (Ordem dos Farmacêuticos) recognized her achievements by awarding her its Medal of Honour and, in 2012, its gold medal. In 2010, the Order of Pharmacists created a scientific research award, which was designated as the "Scientific Research Prize Professor <mask> <mask>". An award that particularly pleased her was the use of her name for a conference room at the Pharmacy Faculty.<mask> died on 7 October 2018. She donated her professional estate to the Lisbon Pharmacy Museum. An exhibition of her work was under preparation with her participation at the time of her death and was held from 21 February 2019 at the museum. References

Portuguese microbiologists
HIV/AIDS researchers
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
University of Lisbon alumni
University of Lisbon faculty
1925 births
2018 deaths
Women microbiologists
20th-century women scientists
Portuguese women scientists
21st-century women scientists
Women medical researchers
20th-century biologists
21st-century biologists
20th-century Portuguese scientists
21st-century Portuguese

masks:
Ferreira
Maria Odette
Santos Ferreira
Ferreira


title: Ping Tom

texts:
<mask> (April 15, 1935 – July 7, 1995) (; pinyin: Tān Jìpíng) was an American businessman and civic leader in Chicago. He was also the uncle of American actress <mask>. Early life and education
Mr. <mask> was the youngest of eight children. His mother, Lillian Goo, married <mask>. Chan after her sister, Mary Goo, <mask>. Chan's first wife, died from influenza. Mary Goo had two children: Florence and Grace. Lillian had six children:  Priscilla, Helene, Eunice, Mary, <mask> (Chung) and <mask>. Mr. <mask> attended Haines School in Chinatown.He then won a high-school scholarship to Francis W. Parker School in Chicago. Mr. <mask> won the Parker scholarship over his best friend, Robert Henry Lawrence, Jr., who went on to become the first African-American astronaut. Mr. <mask> graduated from Parker in 1952. Both of his sons, Darryl (Class of 1988) and Curtis (Class of 1990), as well as Trace Lawrence (Class of 1977), Mr. Lawrence's son, also attended Francis W. Parker School. In an article Mr. <mask> wrote for the Parker Weekly in 1988, he stated that his experience at Parker shaped and influenced his life in two ways. First, Parker's atmosphere of encouragement helped him build self-confidence. Second, Parker's diversity taught him to develop "mutual respect and caring for those of a different race, ethnicity and religion."In fact, he noted that he had not known a Jew until he attended Parker. Mr. <mask> then attended Northwestern University where he entered a special six-year dual degree program to obtain a bachelor's degree concurrently with a Juris Doctor from Northwestern University School of Law, receiving his B.A. in Economics in 1956 and his J.D. in 1958. Businesses

 Chinese Trading Company

masks:
Ping Tom
Lauren Tom
Tom
Tom Y
Tom Y
Tom
Ping
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom


title: Ping Tom

texts:
 (est. 1911):  food import company
 Vice president, 1966–72; President, 1972–95
 Chinese Noodle Company (est. 1911): maker of egg noodles and won ton and egg roll skins
 Vice president, 1958–66; President, 1972–95
 Lekel Chop Suey Pail Company: maker of take out food pails
 President, 1980–95
 Mah Chena Corporation: frozen food and appetizers
 President, 1980–95
 Griesbaum Meat Company: tripe processing company
 President, 1980–95

Chinese Trading Company and Chinese Noodle Company were founded by <mask>. Chan.The other companies were acquired by the <mask> family later. After his older brother, Chung, died of a heart attack in 1980, Mr. <mask> became president of all of the above companies. His sisters, Helene, Eunice, and Mary also worked for the family business, as did his nephews, Jan Wong (Eunice's son) and <mask> (Chung's son). Civic activities
 Trustee, WTTW-TV Channel 11
 Trustee, Adler Planetarium
 Trustee, The Lincoln Academy of Illinois
 Trustee, Jane Addams' Hull House
 Director, Madison Bank
 Member, Chicago Board of Roosevelt University
 Member, Board of Advisors, Mercy Hospital and Medical Center
 Member, Illinois Development Finance Authority
 Member, South Side Planning Board
 Member, Economic Club of Chicago
 Member, design committee for Harold Washington Library
 Member, Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority
 Member, U.S. Federal Judicial Nominations Committee
 Director, Asian American Institute
 Founding president (1983), Chinatown Chamber of Commerce
 Chairman, Chinatown Parking Corporation
 Past president and director, Chinese American Civic Council
 Member, Advisory Board of the Chinese American Service League

Mr. <mask> was a leader not only in the Chinese

masks:
Tom Y
Tom
Tom
Chip Tom
Tom


title: Ping Tom

texts:
 community, but in the broader Asian American community as well. His beaming smile and calm demeanor endeared him to people of all backgrounds. Friends say that he had a natural ability to resolve differences among people. He was one of the thirteen original founders of the Asian American Coalition of Chicago, an organization that annually brings together diverse Asian communities, including Chinese, Indian, Pakistani, Japanese, Korean, Indonesian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Cambodian, among others.Furthermore, some say that because he was a second generation native English speaker, he had an easier time working with mainstream (non-Asian) organizations and even politicians. Mr. <mask> was an advisor to U.S. Senators (Paul Simon, Carol Moseley-Braun), Illinois governors (James R. Thompson, Jim Edgar), and Chicago mayors (the late Harold Washington and Richard M. Daley). Outside of family and the family businesses, Mr. <mask>'s greatest achievement was his work on Chinatown Square, a $100 million plus residential and commercial expansion of Chinatown on  of land purchased from the Santa Fe Railroad. As president of the Chinese American Development Corporation, founded in 1984, he unfortunately did not have the chance to see the bustling development that it has become. It was his desire to expand Chinatown so that there would be more room for his fellow Chinese to live and work. He was recently recognized as one of Chicago magazine's top 40 Chicago pioneers for his efforts.Personal life

<mask> married Valerie Ching (born September 15, 1934) of Honolulu, Hawaii on October 11, 1958. They met in Chicago while Mr. <mask> was attending law school at Northwestern University and Valerie attended the Gregg

masks:
Tom
Tom
Ping Tom
Tom


title: Ping Tom

texts:
 Court Reporting School, which was then associated with Northwestern. They had two children:
 <mask> (born March 13, 1970)
 <mask> (born August 13, 1972)

Death and honors

Following his sudden death in 1995 due to pancreatic cancer, Mr. <mask>'s wish that a park be built for Chinatown residents came true on October 2, 1999, when the Chicago Park District dedicated the  Ping Tom Memorial Park next to the Chinatown Square in his name. In 2005, a bust of Mr. <mask> was installed in the park to commemorate the 10th anniversary of his death. The Asian American Coalition of Chicago has since named its highest award, the Pan Asian American award,   in his honor. References

External links
Ping Tom Memorial Park Advisory Board Page
Ping Tom Memorial Park
Chinatown Chamber of Commerce
Asian American Coalition of Chicago
The Raymond and Jean Lee Chinese-American Museum of Chicago
Haines School
Francis W. Parker School

1935 births
1995 deaths
American businesspeople in shipping
American chief executives
American food industry business executives
American manufacturing businesspeople
American newspaper publishers (people)
American people of Chinese descent
Philanthropists from Illinois
Businesspeople from Chicago
Northwestern University alumni
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law

masks:
Darryl Tom
Curtis Tom
Tom
Tom


title: Charles I of Anjou

texts: <mask> (early 1226/12277 January 1285), commonly called <mask> of Anjou, was a member of the royal Capetian dynasty and the founder of the second House of Anjou. He was Count of Provence (1246–85) and Forcalquier (1246–48, 1256–85) in the Holy Roman Empire, Count of Anjou and Maine (1246–85) in France; he was also King of Sicily (1266–85) and Prince of Achaea (1278–85). In 1272, he was proclaimed King of Albania; and in 1277 he purchased a claim to the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The youngest son of <mask> of France and Blanche of Castile, <mask> was destined for a Church career until the early 1240s. He acquired Provence and Forcalquier through his marriage to their heiress, Beatrice. His attempts to restore central authority brought him into conflict with his mother-in-law, Beatrice of Savoy, and the nobility. <mask> received Anjou and Maine from his brother, <mask> of France, in appanage.He accompanied Louis during the Seventh Crusade to Egypt. Shortly after he returned to Provence in 1250, <mask>arseilles, Arles and Avignonto acknowledge his suzerainty. <mask> supported Margaret II, Countess of Flanders and Hainaut, against her eldest son, John, in exchange for Hainaut in 1253. Two years later <mask> persuaded him to renounce the county, but compensated him by instructing Margaret to pay him 160,000 marks. <mask> forced the rebellious Provençal nobles and towns into submission and expanded his suzerainty over a dozen towns and lordships in the Kingdom of Arles. In 1263, after years of negotiations, he accepted the offer of the Holy See to seize the

masks:
Charles I
Charles
Louis VIII
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
CharlesM
Charles
Louis IX
Charles


title: Charles I of Anjou

texts:
 Kingdom of Sicily from the Hohenstaufens. This kingdom included, in addition to the island of Sicily, southern Italy to well north of Naples and was known as the Regno.Pope Urban IV declared a crusade against the incumbent Manfred of Sicily and assisted <mask> in raising funds for the military campaign. <mask> was crowned king in Rome on 5 January 1266. He annihilated Manfred's army and occupied the Regno almost without resistance. His victory over Manfred's young nephew, Conradin, at the Battle of Tagliacozzo in 1268 strengthened his rule. In 1270 he took part in the Eighth Crusade organized by <mask>, and forced the Hafsid Caliph of Tunis to pay a yearly tribute to him. <mask>'s victories secured his undisputed leadership among the Papacy's Italian partisans (known as Guelphs), but his influence on papal elections and his strong military presence in Italy disturbed the popes. They tried to channel his ambitions towards other territories and assisted him in acquiring claims to Achaea, Jerusalem and Arles through treaties.In 1281 Pope Martin IV authorised <mask> to launch a crusade against the Byzantine Empire. <mask>'s ships were gathering at Messina, ready to begin the campaign when the Sicilian Vespers rebellion broke out on 30March 1282 which put an end to <mask>'s rule on the island of Sicily. He was able to defend the mainland territories (or the Kingdom of Naples) with the support of France and the Holy See. <mask> died while making preparations for an invasion of Sicily. Early life

Childhood

<mask> was the youngest child of King <mask> of

masks:
Charles
Charles
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis VIII


title: Charles I of Anjou

texts:
 France and Blanche of Castile. The date of his birth has not survived, but he was probably a posthumous son, born in early 1227. <mask> was his only surviving son to be "born in the purple" (after his father's coronation), a fact he often emphasised in his youth, as the contemporaneous chronicler Matthew Paris noted in his .He was the first Capetian to be named for Charlemagne. <mask> died in November 1226 and his eldest son, <mask>, succeeded him. The late King willed that his youngest sons were to be prepared for a career in the Roman Catholic Church. The details of <mask>'s tuition are unknown, but he received a good education. He understood the principal Catholic doctrines and could identify errors in Latin texts. His passion for poetry, medical sciences and law is well documented. <mask> said that their mother had a strong impact on her children's education.In reality, Blanche was fully engaged in state administration, and could likely spare little time for her youngest children. <mask> lived at the court of a brother, <mask>, Count of Artois, from 1237. About four years later he was put into the care of his youngest brother, Alphonse, Count of Poitiers. His participation in his brothers' military campaign against Hugh X of Lusignan, Count of La Marche, in 1242 showed that he was no longer destined for a Church career. Provence and Anjou

Raymond Berengar V of Provence died in August 1245, bequeathing Provence and Forcalquier to his youngest daughter, Beatrice, allegedly because he had given generous dowries to her three sisters. The dowries were

masks:
Charles
Louis VIII
Louis IX
Charles
Charles
Charles
Robert I


title: Charles I of Anjou

texts: actually not fully discharged, causing two of her sisters, Margaret (<mask>'s wife) and Eleanor (the wife of <mask> of England), to believe that they had been unlawfully disinherited. Their mother, Beatrice of Savoy, claimed that Raymond Berengar had willed the usufruct of Provence to her.The Hohenstaufen Emperor <mask> (whom Pope <mask> IV had recently excommunicated for his alleged "crimes against the Church"), Count <mask> of Toulouse and other neighbouring rulers proposed themselves or their sons as husbands for the young Countess. Her mother put her under the protection of the Holy See. <mask> and Margaret suggested that Beatrice should be given in marriage to <mask>. To secure the support of France against Frederick II, Pope <mask> IV accepted their proposal. <mask> hurried to Aix-en-Provence at the head of an army to prevent other suitors from invading Provence, and married Beatrice on 31January 1246. Provence was a part of the Kingdom of Arles and so of the Holy Roman Empire, but <mask> never swore fealty to the emperor. He ordered a survey of the counts' rights and revenues, outraging both his subjects and his mother-in-law, who regarded this action as an attack against her rights.Being a younger child, destined for a church career, <mask> had not received an appanage (a hereditary county or duchy) from his father. <mask> had willed that his fourth son, John, should receive Anjou and Maine upon reaching the age of majority, but John died in 1232. <mask> knighted <mask> at Melun in May 1246 and three months later bestowed Anjou and Maine on

masks:
Louis IX
Henry III
Frederick II
Innocent
Raymond VII
Louis IX
Charles
Innocent
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis VIII
Louis IX
Charles


title: Charles I of Anjou

texts:
 him. <mask> rarely visited his two counties and appointed baillies (or regents) to administer them. While <mask> was absent from Provence, Marseilles, Arles and Avignonthree wealthy cities, directly subject to the emperorformed a league and appointed a Provençal nobleman, Barral of Baux, as the commander of their combined armies. <mask>'s mother-in-law put the disobedient Provençals under her protection. <mask> could not deal with the rebels as he was about to join his brother's crusade.To pacify his mother-in-law he acknowledged her right to rule Forcalquier and granted a third of his revenues from Provence to her. Seventh Crusade

In December 1244 <mask>, Alphonse and <mask>o took the cross. Preparations for the crusade lasted for years, with the crusaders embarking at Aigues-Mortes on 25August 1248. After spending several months in Cyprus they invaded Egypt on 5June 1249. They captured Damietta and decided to attack Cairo in November. During their advance Louis's biographer Jean de Joinville noted <mask>'s personal courage which saved dozens of crusaders' lives.Robert of Artois died fighting against the Egyptians at Al Mansurah. His three brothers survived, but they had to abandon the campaign. While withdrawing from Egypt, they fell into captivity on 6April 1250. The Egyptians released Louis, <mask> and Alphonse in exchange of 800,000 bezants and the surrender of Damietta on 6May. During their voyage to Acre, <mask> outraged Louis by gambling while the king was mourning Robert's death. Louis remained in the Holy Land, but <mask> returned to France

masks:
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles
Louis IXRobert
Charlesals
Charles
Charles
Charles
Charles