title: Hendrick de Keyser

texts: lived in the area. His brothers Jacob who was a cabinetmaker, and Aert a timber merchant, and Huybert his nephew all lived near Jodenbreestraat in a sidestreet. (In 1639 the heirs sold the house to the sephardic community.) <mask> was friendly with the painter Cornelis Ketel, whom he visited when Ketel made his will; both were Arminian or Remonstrant. <mask>'s relations with Ketel are illustrated by the portraits Ketel painted of the architect.Hendrick is famous for a number of important buildings, gates and towers which belong to the core of Dutch historic sites. Today the Zuiderkerk (1603/6-1611) and accompanying tower (1614), the City Hall (Delft) (1618-1620), the Westerkerk (1620-1631) are among the historic buildings which provide important insights into <mask>'s work. He cooperated with <mask> Jacobsz. Staets en Cornelis Danckertsz. His Commodity Exchange of 1608-1613 was pulled down in the 19th century. The East India House in Amsterdam was most likely also designed by him; later extensions were done by his sons. In the year 1616 he renovated the  Bank van Lening.The renovation of the  Waag took place in 1617 according to his design; in 1619 the Munttoren was prepared for adding a clock. <mask> <mask>'s projects in Amsterdam during the early decades of the 17th century helped establish a late Mannerist style referred to as "Amsterdam Renaissance". He could be influenced by <mask> <mask>. The Amsterdam Renaissance style deviates in many respects from sixteenth-century Italian Renaissance architecture. Classical elements such as pilasters, cornices and pediments were used on a large

masks:
De Keyser
De Keyser
De Keyser
Hendrick
Hendrick
de Keyser
Paul Vredeman
de Vries


title: Hendrick de Keyser

type: original

texts:
 scale, but mainly as decorative elements. <mask> never slavishly followed the tenets of classical architecture as laid down in the Italian treatises by Serlio and Palladio. His version came to full bloom at the end of the second decade of the 17th century, and set the stage for the later Dutch classical phase of Jacob van Campen and Pieter Post.Apart from pursuing a career as an architect, <mask> remained active as a sculptor. He designed the tomb of William the Silent for the Nieuwe Kerk (Delft) (1614-1623). However, <mask> did not live to see the finished product. His son Pieter, who inherited his tools and designs, completed his work. In 1631 Salomon <mask> included the architect's most important sketches, based on mathematical regularity, in his book ’Architectura Moderna’. <mask>'s career was not limited to Amsterdam, and his international contacts helped him to keep in touch with the mainstream of European architecture. In 1607 the Amsterdam city magistrates sent him to England; it is believed he worked with Inigo Jones?When <mask> and Danckerts returned to Amsterdam Nicholas Stone, joined them. For several years Stone worked with <mask> and even became his son-in-law in 1613. His grandson Henry Stone (painter) studied with <mask> <mask>. <mask> died on his birthday and was buried in the nearby Zuiderkerk. List of works

 1603: Rasphuispoortje, Amsterdam. The decoration on the top is not by HdK and dates from 1663. 1606: Oost-Indisch Huis, Amsterdam.The attribution to HdK is uncertain. 1606: Montelbaanstoren, Amsterdam. 1606-1611: Zuiderkerk, Amsterdam. 1608-1613: Beurs <mask>

masks:
De Keyser
De Keyser
De Keyser
de Bray
De Keyser
De Keyser
De Keyser
Thomas de
Keyser
De Keyser
van Hendrick


title: Hendrick de Keyser

texts:
 <mask>er, Rokin, Amsterdam (enlarged around 1660, demolished in 1835). 1614-1623: Praalgraf Willem van Oranje, Delft (completed by <mask> <mask>). 1615-1618: Haarlemmerpoort, Amsterdam; built with petit Granit, demolished in 1838. 1618-1620: Stadhuis, Delft.1620-1623: Noorderkerk, Amsterdam, together with city mason Cornelis Danckertsz. 1620-1631: Westerkerk, Amsterdam, (completed by <mask> <mask>). 1622: Statue of Erasmus, Rotterdam (completed by <mask> <mask>). Works attributed to <mask> <mask>er:
 <mask>ren, Amsterdam. 1616, pulled down 1829. Haringpakkerstoren, Amsterdam. 1607, pulled down 1829.Huis Bartolotti, Herengracht 170–172, Amsterdam. Ca. 1617. Attribution to HdK is uncertain. Huis met <mask>den, Keizersgracht 123, Amsterdam. Designed by Huybert or <mask> <mask> (1622). Gallery

References

External links

<mask> <mask> at Archimon
Vermeer and The Delft School, a full text exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art, which contains material on <mask> <mask>er

1565 births
1621 deaths
Dutch sculptors
Dutch architects
Dutch ecclesiastical architects
Dutch Golden Age sculptors
Dutch Golden Age architects
Artists from Utrecht
16th-century Dutch architects
17th-century Dutch

masks:
de Keys
Pieter de
Keyser
Pieter de
Keyser
Pieter de
Keyser
Hendrick
de Keys
Jan Roodenposto
de Hoof
Pieter de
Keyser
Hendrick
de Keyser
Hendrick
de Keys


title: Johnny Kan

texts:
<mask> (1906-1972) was a Chinese American restaurateur in Chinatown, San Francisco, ca 1950–1970. He was the owner of <mask>'s restaurant, which opened in 1953, and published a book on Cantonese cuisine, Eight Immortal Flavors, which was praised by Craig Claiborne and James Beard. <mask> and Cecilia Chiang (proprietor of the Mandarin in Ghirardelli Square) are credited with popularizing authentic Chinese cuisine as a fine dining option, displacing the stereotypical chop suey American Chinese cuisine prevalent in the 1950s and 60s. Life and career
Kan was raised in Grass Valley, Oregon and moved to San Francisco with his family when he was nine. Because his parents could not afford the tuition, he began working at a grocery store (Sam Hing and Company, 1040 Grant) instead of attending junior high school. Sam Hing also roasted peanuts; Kan advertised in Variety at his brother's suggestion, and earned a lucrative contract with Barnum and Bailey. Kan went on to manage the Fong Fong soda fountain and bakery, introducing ice cream with traditional Chinese flavors in 1935.Fong Fong became a magnet for local Chinese-American youths, drawing weekend crowds from Berkeley and Stanford. Kan is credited with opening the Chinese Kitchen restaurant at the corner of Mason and Pacific in 1939. It offered the first Chinese food delivery service in America; food was kept hot with the help of stainless steel hot water tanks in the back of a fleet of Chevrolet trucks. Kan and Dr. Theodore Lee jointly founded the Cathay House restaurant, housed in the landmark Sing Chong building at Sacramento and Grant, on September 28, 1939; the largest single investor was Ernest Tsang, who contributed US$5,500 of the US$9,700 in capital raised. Kan left the restaurant to serve in the Army during World War II, enlisting on July 23, 1943, and being

masks:
Johnny Kan
Johnny Kan
Kan


title: Johnny Kan

texts:
 honorably discharged on November 26 of the same year. After his discharge, Kan expected to be restored as co-manager of Cathay House, but Tsang refused and Kan sued him in 1944. According to Tsang's testimony, he had offered Kan the co-manager job at his previous salary of US$500/month upon Kan's return from the Army, but Kan had refused and asked for a salary equivalent to Tsang's, at US$750/month.The initial suit was not successful, and a subsequent state-level appeal was also unsuccessful, but the verdict was later overturned in federal court. Kan's

The eponymous restaurant "Kan's" operated at 708 Grant Avenue. In Kan's words, he wanted to "launch the first efficiently operated and most elaborate Chinese restaurant [in Chinatown] since the collapse of the old Mandarin [Restaurant on Bush]." According to the Chinese Historical Society of America, "Kan's was the first restaurant in Chinatown to win the Holiday (magazine) Award for fine dining; that award was given to Kan's for 14 consecutive years. Its name was frequently on top ten lists of San Francisco restaurants. World-famous celebrities, movie stars, the rich and the powerful came to Kan's, and their appearances were written up by San Francisco columnist Herb Caen." Don Clever was credited with designing the interior at Kan's.The introduction of an innovative version of the Lazy Susan to Chinese restaurants has been attributed to Kan's: "The trail of the Chinese Lazy Susan finally picks up in the 1950s, which is when Chinese food got its makeover. The hub of Chinese American cuisine was San Francisco's Chinatown, where a new generation of entrepreneurial restaurant owners was trying to better adapt Chinese cooking to American tastes. One of them was <mask>n, who opened a Cantonese-style restaurant in 1953. He worked with three Chinese-American friends (George


title: Johnny Kan

texts:
 paintings were thought to be lost; the succeeding owner, Guy Wong, had kept the paintings up until he closed the restaurant in the early 1990s, after which he stored them in the garage of one of his busboys, Bloor Chau.Chau later ran out of space and threw them away in 2008. Eleven of the twelve later surfaced at an auction in Pasadena in 2010. The Chinese Historical Society of America acquired seven of the eleven that were on auction after hurriedly raising $60,000 from donors. After CHSA tracked down Guy Wong and Bloor Chau, they found the twelfth painting, depicting the champion Chinese fire-hose team of Deadwood, South Dakota in 1888, hanging in Chau's business, an automotive repair shop in the Bayview district of San Francisco. The remaining four paintings were acquired by a private collector in Kern County. Death and legacy
Kan died on December 7, 1972, aged 66, from cancer, at Saint Francis Memorial Hospital. Funeral services were held in Oakland on December 11.Kan and his wife Helen were one of six couples who purchased the neglected Hakone Gardens in 1961 and restored the site before selling it to the city of Saratoga in 1966. References

Bibliography

External links
Kan photographed with Diego Rivera and Frida Kahlo, in San Francisco (1941). SF Museum. Photograph of <mask> and John C. Young seated with others at a large dining table featuring Chinese Lazy Susans. Smithsonian magazine. A glimpse back at San Francisco's Chinatown
 Recipe: <mask>n's Coriander Chicken Salad (So See Gai)

Writers from San Francisco
American writers of Chinese descent
1906 births
1972 deaths
1953 establishments in California
American cookbook writers
American restaurateurs
American food writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American male writers
American male

masks:
Johnny Kan
Johnny Ka


title: Ed Byrne (comedian)

texts:
<mask> (born 16 April 1972) is an Irish actor and stand-up comedian. He has presented the British television shows Just for Laughs and Uncut! Best Unseen Ads, has been a guest on numerous television panel games and has appeared on a number of television cooking shows. Early life
<mask> was born on 16 April 1972 in Swords, County Dublin, Ireland, to Jill and <mask>, the third of four children. Career

Stand-up comedy
Deciding to study horticulture at the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, he was made entertainments convener at the Students' Union in his second year of study. <mask> started a comedy night called The Comedy Cellar in the basement of the 13th Note public house on Glassford Street, Glasgow. On the first night, <mask> appeared on the roster alongside Armando Ianucci's brother David.Over the following few months, acts booked included Ford Kiernan, Phil Kay, Greg Hemphill, Alan Francis and Alan Tyler. After a few months he gave up studying and headed to London. He was later booked to appear at The Comedy Cellar by new convenors Ford Kiernan and J.P. Leach. After building up his act on observational comedy, <mask> was nominated for the prestigious Perrier Comedy Award at the 1998 Edinburgh Festival Fringe. In 2006 he toured the UK, recording a DVD in Leeds, entitled Pedantic and Whimsical, which was largely a "greatest hits" set of his material to date. He has also appeared in Father Ted, and performed voice-over work in the Carphone Warehouse adverts. In February 2007 <mask> appeared on a comedians' special edition of The Weakest Link.<mask> has performed eight sell-out shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe and four sell-out UK tours. He has also developed huge success on the international circuit where he has performed to full capacity audiences in Canada, France, Australia, New Zealand and the United States. He has since garnered a raft of major broadcast credits, including five

masks:
Edward Cathal Byrne
Byrne
Eddie Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne


title: Ed Byrne (comedian)

texts:
 U.S. appearances on Late Night with Conan O'Brien (NBC). In July 2007, <mask> made his début at the Newbury Comedy Festival, having participated in the Cat Laughs Comedy Festival in Kilkenny shortly before. He recorded a live DVD Different Class at The King's Theatre, Glasgow, on 23 March 2009, which was released on 23 November of that year. On 15 September 2010, <mask>, along with 54 other public figures, signed an open letter published in The Guardian, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the UK. <mask> frequently appears on BBC stand-up comedy programme Mock the Week as the most common guest panellist, having appeared on 66 episodes as of January 2021.Television work
<mask>'s earliest TV appearances included the ITV shows The Big Big Talent Show and Blind Date. He also appeared in Father Ted as a teenager mocking Father Ted and two other priests on a phone chat line, in the episode "A Christmassy Ted". <mask> has presented television shows Uncut! Best Unseen Ads and Just for Laughs, and is a regular guest on The Panel, HeadJam, Mock the Week and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. He has also appeared on Lily Savage's Blankety Blank, Have I Got News for You, The Bubble, The Unbelievable Truth, Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment and We Need Answers. He has also appeared on The Graham Norton Show six times. <mask> featured in a series of comedy shorts on the MSN Video Channel in which he discusses some of his pet hates, including occasional smokers and his girlfriend's snoring.<mask> appeared in the second part of the BBC2 programme Three Men Go to Scotland on 30 December 2010 whilst hitching a ride in order to reach the Cuillin mountains on Skye for his Munro bagging attempt - climbing every mountain in Scotland over . On 31 March 2012, <mask> appeared on All Star Family Fortunes. On 5 July 2012, <mask> appeared as a guest on The One Show. <mask> presented segments during

masks: Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne


title: Ed Byrne (comedian)

texts:
 Volcano Live from 9 to 12 July. He appeared on a celebrity version of The Chase on 30 November 2013, where he successfully brought £117,000 through, a record for the programme. Dara and <mask>'s Great Big Adventure, a 2015 three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, followed <mask> and Dara Ó Briain (fellow Irish comedian and best friend) in their journey by car down the Pan-American Highway. In January 2013 <mask> was a contestant on episode 4 of BBC's The Great Comic Relief Bake Off and won the Technical Challenge with his lemon meringue pie.In January 2014 he hosted episode 4 of The Great Sport Relief Bake Off on BBC Two. In January and February 2021 he was a contestant on BBC's Celebrity Best Home Cook. Describing his signature dish, smoked pork ribs, <mask> said, "I cover them in a dry rub that I've been perfecting by trial and error for years, then shove them in a barrel smoker for about 10 hours, spraying them with apple juice and cider to keep them moist." <mask> was described as "a reasonably strong participant" and was named as one of the judges favourites in episode two. He was eliminated, along with Karim Zeroual, in episode five, on 8 February. Acting

<mask> played the title character in the 2000 ITV adaptation of the pantomime Aladdin and had a small part in the 2000 comedy film Rat. In 2001 <mask> was the main character in an RTÉ-produced sitcom entitled The Cassidys.It was cancelled after one series. In 2005 he starred in the film, . The film is about John Davies (played by <mask>) who suffers from multiple obsessive compulsive disorders. When his current model girlfriend leaves him, he decides to replace her with the most attractive woman on the planet, Czech model . The film follows his attempts to curb his old obsessions in order to meet his latest obsession – Veronika. <mask> played the part of Luke Dyson in a comedy film set in London called Are You Ready For Love for

masks: Ed Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne Byrne


title: Ed Byrne (comedian)

texts:
 which he won an Angel award at the Monaco Film Festival as best supporting actor. <mask> plays the part of Irish radio presenter Dylan Dale in the British feature film version of Tony Hawks' book Round Ireland with a Fridge which was released in September 2010 and on DVD on 8 November 2010.In 2010, <mask> played Rob in the BBC television pilot Reunited. Writing
Since 2011, <mask> has written a column for the hillwalking magazine TGO in which he tries a different outdoor activity each month in the company of an expert. He also had a column in the Metro newspaper until January 2012. Shows

Personal life
<mask> believes his older brother Stephen was the funniest member of the family as a child. His younger brother Paul was a comedy director and had long been a fixture at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. On 12 February 2022, <mask> announced via his Twitter account that his younger brother Paul had died aged 44 years old. He also has an older sister, Trish.<mask> married theatre publicist Claire Walker in 2008. The couple live in Essex and have two sons, the elder called Cosmo and the younger named Magnus. Fellow comic Dara Ó Briain was best man at his wedding, returning the favour after <mask> was previously Ó Briain's best man in 2006. <mask> is an atheist and a patron of Humanists UK. Stand-up DVDs

Online stand-up shows

<mask>enturing

Filmography

Film

Television

Radio shows

Books
 Sit-Down Comedy (contributor to anthology, eds. Malcolm Hardee & John Fleming) Ebury Press/Random House, 2003.  ;

References

External links

1972 births
Living people
20th-century Irish comedians
20th-century Irish male actors
21st-century Irish comedians
21st-century Irish male actors
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Irish male comedians
Irish male film actors
Irish male television actors
Irish stand-up comedians
Male actors from Dublin (city)
People from

masks:
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Byrne
Ed V


title: Makwan Amirkhani

texts:
<mask> (born November 8, 1988) is an Iranian-Finnish mixed martial artist competing in the Featherweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. <mask> is perhaps best known for his first-round eight-second knockout of Andy Ogle, which is one of the fastest knockouts in UFC history. Background
<mask> was born in Kermanshah, Iran into a Kurdish family. The family fled from Iran to Iraq and settled in UNHCR's Al-Tash refugee camp. In the aftermath of the Iran–Iraq War, the family were resettled to Vaasa, Finland, around 1993. Growing up as a small-sized immigrant in Vaasa, <mask> was subjected to serious physical and mental bullying from daycare up until the upper comprehensive school. He moved with his family to Turku in 2004, where he went to the upper comprehensive school.<mask> moved to Kotka to study in a high school suited for students with professional sports aspirations. However, he dropped out of the school and moved back to Turku where he failed to graduate from high schools twice. Eventually on a third try, he was accepted to study in Pajulahti Sports Institute from where he graduated. He hails from an amateur wrestling background, having trained since a young age, competing for the Finnish national team; winning silver in the Finnish National Championship in Freestyle in 2010 and bronze in 2013 in Greco-Roman wrestling. At a June 2015 weigh-in to his fight, he held a Kurdistan flag aloft as he stood on the scales. Mixed martial arts career
<mask> began training in mixed martial arts at the age of 16 and had his first professional fight in 2010. Competing on the regional circuit solely in Finland, he compiled a record of 10–2, with eight finishes, all by submission and all in the first round, before signing with the UFC in

masks:
Makwan Amirkhani
Amirkhani
Amirkhani
Amirkhani
Amirkhani
Amirkhani


title: Makwan Amirkhani

texts:
 December 2014.Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his promotional debut against Andy Ogle on January 24, 2015 at UFC on Fox 14. He won the fight via TKO only 8 seconds into the first round. He also earned a Performance of the Night bonus. <mask> was briefly linked to a bout with Diego Rivas on June 20, 2015 at UFC Fight Night 69. However, shortly after the bout was announced, Rivas was pulled from the fight due to undisclosed reasons and replaced by Masio Fullen. <mask> won the fight by submission due to a rear naked choke in the first round. <mask> faced Mike Wilkinson on February 27, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 84.He won the fight by unanimous decision. In January 2017, <mask> signed a new, four-fight contract with the UFC. In the first bout he faced Arnold Allen on 18 March 2017 at UFC Fight Night 107. He lost the fight by split decision. <mask> faced Jason Knight on 27 May 2018 at UFC Fight Night 130 <mask> won the back-and-forth fight via split decision, after being knocked down twice with uppercuts. <mask> faced Chris Fishgold at UFC Fight Night: Gustafsson vs. Smith on 1 June 2019. He won the fight via an anaconda choke submission in the second round.The win also earned <mask> his second Performance of the Night bonus award. <mask> faced Shane Burgos on 2 November 2019 at UFC 244. He lost the fight via TKO in the third round. <mask> was expected to face Mike Grundy at UFC Fight Night: Woodley vs. Edwards on March 21, 2020. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event was eventually postponed and the bout scrapped. Instead <mask> faced Danny Henry on July 12, 2020 at UFC 251. He won the fight via a submission in round one.<mask> faced Edson Barboza, replacing Sodiq Yusuff, on  October 11, 2020 at UFC Fight Night 179. He lost the fight via

masks: Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani


title: Makwan Amirkhani

texts:
 unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Nate Landwehr on June 5, 2021 at UFC Fight Night 189. However, Landwehr was pulled from the event due to injury and he was replaced by newcomer Kamuela Kirk. <mask> lost the bout via unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Tristan Connelly on October 30, 2021 at UFC 267. However, Connelly withdrew in early September due to a neck injury and was replaced by Lerone Murphy.Amirkhani lost the bout via knock out with a knee after getting caught shooting for a takedown at the beginning of the second round. <mask> is scheduled to face Mike Grundy at UFC Fight Night 204 on March 19, 2022, in a rebooked bout after almost two years to date when they were originally compete. Personal life
<mask> is one of eight children; his brother and father both died in car accidents shortly after the family moved to Finland. <mask> has worked as a model and was the 1st runner-up in 2012 Mr. Finland pageant, which his nickname refers to. On July 12th 2021 several Finnish newspapers reported that Jethro Rostedt, a Finnish real estate agent and town council member of Turku, has filed a criminal report against Amirkhani due to threats and slander on Facebook. <mask> had posted negative comments regarding Rostedt and his son after a gang fight with dozens of participants occurred in a nightclub owned by Rostedt the previous weekend. The post was visible for Amirkhani's 175 000 followers, and although later removed, screenshots of the threats have been circulating on social media.Amateur boxing
<mask> <mask> has fought five times in amateur boxing. He would have had his fifth fight in December 2018 in Somero instead of January 2019, had he not refused a new replacement opponent who was an experienced and heavier

masks: Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Amirkhani Makwan Amirkhani Makwan Amirkhani


title: Haris Medunjanin

texts:
<mask> (; born 8 March 1985) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for FC Cincinnati. He started his professional career at AZ, who loaned him to Sparta Rotterdam in 2006. In 2008 he joined Valladolid, before signing with Maccabi Tel Aviv two years later. He was loaned to Gaziantepspor in 2012, signing on a permanent basis the following season; in 2016 he returned to Maccabi and, one year later, moved to the Philadelphia Union. He played for FC Cincinnati from 2020 to 2021. <mask>
Medunjanin made his Eredivisie debut on 20 February 2005, with AZ. During his three-year spell, however, opportunities were scarce. For the 2006–07 season, he was loaned to Sparta Rotterdam, being essential as the modest club finished 13th by scoring seven league goals. Valladolid
After another unassuming campaign in Alkmaar, <mask> was acquired by Spain's Real Valladolid in August 2008, being relatively used in his first year (mainly as a substitute). In 2009–10, <mask> netted all of his five La Liga goals as a late substitute. In January 2010, he and other teammates were fined €6,000 for breaching club discipline by "engaging in untimely nocturnal activities", and the team was also eventually relegated. Maccabi Tel Aviv
Medunjanin signed a four-year contract with Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C.in Israel in July 2010, for €1.8 million. He made his official debut for his new team on the 15th in a UEFA Europa League second qualifying round against FK Mogren, and scored in the 2–0 home win. Gaziantepspor
On 31 August 2012, <mask> signed with Turkish side Gaziantepspor on loan from Maccabi. The move was made permanent before the start of the following season, on a three-year deal. Deportivo
On 12 August 2014, after a successful medical, free agent <mask> joined

masks:
Haris Medunjanin
MedunjaninZ
Medunjanin
Medunjanin
Medunjanin
Medunjanin


title: Haris Medunjanin

texts:
 Deportivo de La Coruña. On 29 January 2016, having been deemed surplus to requirements by new manager Víctor Sánchez, he terminated his contract, and agreed to a one-and-a-half-year deal with his former club Maccabi Tel Aviv two days later. <mask> helped Maccabi qualify to the Europa League group stage in his second season.Philadelphia Union

On 31 January 2017, Major League Soccer club Philadelphia Union signed <mask> to a two-year deal with an option for a third. He made his debut in the season opener, in a 0–0 away draw against the Vancouver Whitecaps FC. He scored his first goal for his new team on 14 May 2017, contributing to a 4–0 victory at D.C. United; on 27 November, he was named their Player of the Year after contributing 12 assists and two goals. Becoming one of the Union's core midfielders, <mask>'s contract option was picked up for the 2019 campaign. He helped the side earn their best season to date by playing every minute in the league, also leading all MLS players in total passes (2,571), total completed passes (2,182), passes in the opponent’s half (1,521) and completed passes in the opponent’s half (1,217) according to Opta. On 20 November 2019, <mask> was released. During the MLS waiver draft, his rights were selected by FC Cincinnati.FC Cincinnati
On 5 December 2019, aged 34, Mendunjanin joined FC Cincinnati. He scored his first goal for his new team the following 19 September, with a game-winning olympic corner kick against the New York Red Bulls. International career

Netherlands
<mask> was part of the Netherlands under-21 team that won the 2006 tournament of the UEFA European Championship. He was also called by coach Foppe de Haan for his squad in the 2007 tournament, held in the Netherlands; the nation went on to retain its

masks: Medunjanin Medunjanin Medunjanin Medunjanin Medunjanin


title: Haris Medunjanin

texts:
 title by beating Serbia 4–1 in the final, and in the process qualify for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. Bosnia and Herzegovina

In a 2009 interview, <mask> expressed strong desire to play for his native Bosnia and Herzegovina. In August of the same year, his paperwork for change of footballing citizenship was submitted to FIFA and, on 31 October 2009, national coach Miroslav Blažević invited the player for the 2010 FIFA World Cup playoff games against Portugal. He made his debut – as a starter – in the decisive second leg, a 0–1 loss in Zenica (0–2 on aggregate).<mask> scored his first international goal on 17 November 2010, in a friendly with Slovakia. In the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying campaign, he contributed three goals against Albania (2–0, home), Belarus (2–0, away) and Luxembourg (5–0 at home), helping Bosnia to the second place in their group and to qualify for play-offs. On 2 June 2014, <mask> was named in the squad for 2014 FIFA World Cup. He made his debut in the tournament 14 days later, playing the last 16 minutes of a 2–1 group stage loss to Argentina. On 13 October 2015, <mask> scored a crucial brace against Cyprus to help Bosnia and Herzegovina reach the Euro 2016 play-offs after the 3–2 away win. In 2016, he captained the nation during the Kirin Cup winning campaign, the first match being against Denmark on 3 June. <mask> announced his retirement from international football on 27 March 2018, after playing in a friendly with Senegal which marked his 60th cap.Personal life
<mask> was born in Sarajevo, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the outbreak of Bosnian War in 1992, he moved to the Netherlands at the age of seven with his mother and sister, whilst his father was unable

masks: Medunjanin Medunjanin Medunjanin Medunjanin Medunjanin Medunjanin


title: Haris Medunjanin

texts:
 to leave, later losing his life. Due to living in the latter country he possessed dual citizenship, Bosnian and Dutch. In July 2019, <mask> married Israeli model Moran Rahimi. Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
(Bosnia and Herzegovina score listed first, score column indicates score after each Medunjanin goal)

Honours
Netherlands U21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2006, 2007

References

External links

Stats at Voetbal International

1985 births
Living people
Dutch people of Bosnia and Herzegovina descent
Bosnia and Herzegovina emigrants to the Netherlands
Bosnia and Herzegovina refugees
Sportspeople from Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina footballers
Dutch footballers
Association football midfielders
Eredivisie players
AZ Alkmaar players
Sparta Rotterdam players
La Liga players
Real Valladolid players
Deportivo de La Coruña players
Israeli Premier League players
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. players
Süper Lig players
Gaziantepspor footballers
Major League Soccer players
Philadelphia Union players
FC Cincinnati players
Netherlands under-21 international footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina international footballers
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Dutch expatriate footballers
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Israel
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in the United


title: Hanaa Malallah

texts:
<mask> (born 1958) is an Iraqi artist and educator living in London, England. Her surname also appears in English as Mal-Allah. She is noted for developing the technique called the Ruins Technique in which found objects are incorporated into artwork. Life and career
<mask> was born in Theeqar, Iraq in 1958. She moved to Baghdad with her family when she was aged five years. Growing up in Baghdad, she experienced the multiple conflicts and revolutions that ravaged her country. These experiences had a major influence on her work.She received a Diploma in Graphic Art from the Institute of Fine Arts in Baghdad where she studied with Shakir Hassan Al Said, obtained a BA in painting from the Academy of Fine Arts in Baghdad (1988), an MA in painting  (2000) and a PhD in the philosophy of painting from the University of Baghdad (2001) with her thesis entitled, Logic Order in Ancient Mesopotamian Painting. She also holds a post-graduate certificate in Islamic and Modern Art from School of Oriental and African Studies, London University. She has taught at the Institute of Fine Arts and the University of Fine Arts in Baghdad and holds a fellowship at the Chelsea College of Arts. She is part of the so-called Eighties Generation as the group of Iraqi artists active during the 1980s are known. This group drew inspiration from the Archeological Museum, as Mallalah herself acknowledges in her essay, "Consciousness of Isolation," published in 2001. As a female artist and professor of art, working in Iraq in the 70s and 80s, she received a number of threats against her life. For this reason, she felt that she had no choice but to leave Iraq and accept a new life outside her native land.In 2006, she left Iraq to take up a fellowship in Paris. She ultimately settled in London from 2007. However, she has said that she feels spiritually depleted living outside Iraq. In 2012, she held a fellowship at the Chelsea College of Arts in London. Work
Much of her work deals with themes around the "chaos of war" which she had experienced in Iraq. In particular, her work explores the search

masks:
Hanaa Malallah
Hanaa Malallah


title: Hanaa Malallah

texts:
 for identity in the aftermath of war, the destruction of cultural materials and the isolation of artists. Beginning in the 1970s, while still in Iraq, <mask> developed a technique which she called the ruins technique.Born out of the scarcity of art materials in war-ravaged Iraq, she turned to items that were readily available in her immediate surroundings, such as burnt paper, torn cloth, barbed wire, splintered wood and bullets. In an interview, the artist explains the philosophy behind the ruins technique:

Due to the disenfranchisement of Iraqi female artists after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, many Iraqi women were subjugated to traditional gender roles and barred from being in spaces that they had once been the majority of-including art. Nonetheless, <mask> has refused to gender her art despite much of her artwork being influenced by the chaos of the invasion. In Nusair's article she mentions that <mask> "argues that art has no gender, and its concern is the work and its aesthetics." Her belief in art being genderless is shown in her artwork titled She/He Has No Picture which she installed in 2019 in remembrance of those who died in a bombing of a Baghdad neighborhood. In an interview with Ruba Asfahani, <mask> speaks about her abstract art techniques, which is also her signature that includes the numbers "5.50.1.1.40.1.30.30.5" Each of these numbers correspond to the arabic alphabelt. <mask> mentions that these numbers of importance to her due to her knowledge corresponding with how the Mesopotamians wrote with shapes instead of letters, and how art can be understood through a logical order.In the interview, <mask> explains: "This has caused me to become much more sensitive to every line and every drop of paint in my work." The arabic cultural magazine Qafila has described one of the elements of <mask>'s work that make her art stand out as Matter. The author, Fada Sabeety, describes three of <mask>'s artwork that uses this element along with the methods and techniques <mask> uses to represent it. One of the methods that represent Matter is the use of

masks: Malallah Hanaa Malallah Malallah Malallah Malallah Malallah Malallah Malallah


title: Hanaa Malallah

texts:
 raw materials on a canvas, which is essential to many of <mask>'s work. Three of these works which Sabeety mentions are "Iluminated ruins", "Study of a skull", and "Camouflage." The raw material in question is a white cloth that is burned for a specified period of time in order to achieve the black, brown, and beige colors. <mask> is very precise with the end product of the cloth, as the raw cloth represents the essence of many of her work

A curatorial note written by Saleem Al-Bahloly describes <mask>'s artwork as influenced by the catastrophic destruction of Iraq.Al-Bahloly mentions that <mask> created the art image Iraq, New Map/US Map from this influence of chaos where she created a cartography of Iraq with pieces of scorched paper When <mask> first moved to London, her first production The Name of the flower was reminiscent of the chaos of war and the influence of the history of Iraq. What makes this stand out is that it is a daftar or leaf artbook that <mask> has created to combine the chaos of Iraq along with its history. Her work has been described as reminiscent of Nouveau réalisme. Her work is represented in the British Museum's permanent collection and is also included in the collections of Jordan's Museum of Fine Arts in Amman, the Centre for Modern Art in Baghdad, the Arab Museum of Modern Art in Doha and the Barjeel Art Foundation in Sharja. by <mask> <mask>, A.M. Qattan Foundation, 2012

Awards and recognition
<mask> received a prize awarded by the Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization. See also
 Iraqi art
 Islamic art
 List of Iraqi artists
 List of Iraqi women artists

References

Bibliography

Ruba Asfahani, Interview With <mask> <mask>: Iraq’s Pioneering Female Artist 28 November 2016

1958 births
Living people
People from Dhi Qar Province
University of Baghdad alumni
20th-century Iraqi painters
21st-century Iraqi painters
20th-century war artists
Iraqi contemporary artists
Iraqi women painters
Iraqi painters
Abstract painters
Artist authors
Artists from London
20th-century women artists
21st-century women

masks: Malallah Malallah Hanaa Malallah Malallah Malallah Hanaa Malallah Malallah Hanaa Malallah


title: Les Guthman

texts: <mask> is an American director, writer, editor and production executive, who has the distinction of both having produced three of the 20 Top Adventure Films of All Time, according to Men's Journal magazine, and having won the National Academy of Sciences' (U.S) nationwide competition to find the best new idea in science television, which led to his film, Three Nights at the Keck, hosted by actor John Lithgow. He is currently producer, director and writer of the Advanced LIGO Documentary Project, a six-year collaboration with Caltech, MIT and the LIGO Laboratory, funded by the National Science Foundation, MathWorks and Caltech. The Advanced LIGO Documentary Project was formed in the summer of 2015 to document and produce the definitive documentary about Advanced LIGO's search for, and expected detection of, the first gravitational waves, a discovery that would open up the 95% of the universe that was dark to our existing observatories and space based telescopes—the violent warped side described by Caltech's Kip Thorne 30 years ago in Black Holes and Time Warps. On September 14, 2015, Guthman and his team were on location filming at the LIGO Livingston Observatory when the historic detection was made. Over the next five months, he had exclusive film access to document the long, careful process of scientific verification that was conducted by the LIGO Scientific Collaboration to confirm that the received signal was in fact a gravitational wave, as predicted by Albert Einstein more than 100 years ago. On October 3, 2017 LIGO physicists Rai Weiss, Kip Thorne and Barry Barish won the Nobel Prize in Physics. Principal photography on his feature documentary LIGO (film) finished in Stockholm for Nobel Week in December


title: Les Guthman

texts:
 television career

As founding Executive Vice President and Executive Producer of Outside Television, <mask> produced 28 feature-length expedition, adventure and environmental documentaries, including Michael Brown's Farther Than the Eye Can See, which was nominated for two primetime Emmy Awards in 2004, the awards for Outstanding Sports Documentary and Outstanding Sports Cinematography. Farther Than the Eye Can See, the film of blind climber Erik Weihenmayer’s renowned ascent of Mount Everest, won 18 international film festival awards. Altogether, there have been 223 film festival screenings of Guthman's films since 2002 and they have won 41 film festival awards. Outside was the second major American magazine that Guthman brought to national television. In 1991, he created and produced the Discover Magazine series at the Walt Disney Company, based on Discover magazine.He produced the Discover Magazine TV series for two seasons on The Disney Channel, and then, working with Disney President and CEO Frank Wells, moved it to the Discovery Channel, where it became a signature series. At the same time, he developed an unproduced series with HBO based on a comedian's view of science. One of the other highlights of Guthman's leadership of Outside Television was the expedition and expedition film, Into the Tsangpo Gorge, which he produced and also co-wrote with director Scott Lindgren. The expedition achieved the epic first whitewater descent of the “Everest of rivers," through the 18,000-ft.-deep Tsangpo Gorge (Yarlung Tsangpo Grand Canyon) in Tibet and was recognized by The Explorers Club as one of the most accomplished expeditions of modern times. Into the Tsangpo Gorge aired on NBC Sports in May 2002. Into the


title: Les Guthman

texts: Washington, DC; and the Asia Society in New York, among other featured screenings. <mask>'s 2009 feature documentary, Skiing Everest (film), features the handful of skiers worldwide who climb Mount Everest and other 8,000-meter peaks alpine style (without using supplemental oxygen, or hiring porters and guides), and click into their skis. Filmed around the world, it includes skiers Mike Marolt, who was also director of photography, Steve Marolt, Hans Kammerlander, Chris Davenport, Laura Bokas, Mark Newcomb and Fredrik Ericsson. Skiing Everest was licensed by ESPN in 2011 for broadcast in the United States and Europe.It debuted on ESPN Classic in November 2011 with six primetime broadcasts over the weekend of November 18–20. Skiing Everest (film) was converted from 2D to 3D in 2012 by Blue Hemisphere 3D. His 2011 documentary Saturn's Embrace brings to the screen the Cassini-Huygens mission's exploration of Saturn and its moons through Cassini's unsurpassed photographs and radar images; and explores the stunning discovery of salt water, with its possibility of primitive life, on the moon Enceladus. The film features, and is written and co-produced by, Dr. Carolyn Porco, head of the Cassini-Huygens digital imaging team, and includes commentary by evolutionary biologist and author Richard Dawkins. In 1996, <mask>man made Corwin, a feature-length documentary about Norman Corwin, the legendary writer, producer and director during the Golden Age of Radio. Corwin aired on PBS, having been licensed by PBS stations WNET in 1996 and then by KCET in 1999. Actor Charles Laughton, in the early 1940s, is quoted in the film as saying, "There is no actor in Hollywood or on Broadway, who would not drop what he is doing to be in

masks:
Guthman
Les Guth


title: Les Guthman

texts: one of Norman Corwin's radio plays.We all look up to him as a writer of the highest caliber and one of the most important writers in America today." KCET in Los Angeles re-broadcast "Corwin" in October 2011 as a memorial tribute when Mr. Corwin died at the age of 101. In 1999, Guthman won the National Academy of Sciences nationwide competition to select the best new series concept in science television, which resulted in his film, Three Nights at the Keck, hosted by actor John Lithgow. In 1989, Guthman brought the annual Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award ceremony to PBS in a primetime broadcast hosted by Tom Brokaw and featuring a human rights address by Sen. Ted Kennedy and a keynote speech by Polish Solidarity leader Lech Wałęsa. The ceremony honored the Tienanmen Square protests of 1989 and the fall of the Berlin Wall the same year. The Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights Award was given to Chinese dissident Fang Lizhi, who was being protected inside the U.S. Embassy in Beijing at the time of the broadcast. <mask>'s credits include almost a decade at NBC News in New York, where he was a producer and writer for Tom Brokaw, as well as senior political writer and Manager of Election Analysis.He was Story Editor and Story Consultant on Visions, the Peabody Award-winning landmark PBS series, which commissioned 80 scripts and produced 40 feature-length independent films and television stage productions over four seasons at KCET in Los Angeles. One of its films, Alambrista, won the Camera d'Or award at the 1978 Cannes Film Festival. Michael Arlen, the television critic for The New Yorker, wrote in his review of Visions, "One might say that, halfway through its first year, Visions is already the most interesting and


title: Les Guthman

texts:
 original regular American dramatic program that can be found anywhere on American television." Visions lasted four seasons, after which <mask> joined Norman Lear’s Tandem Productions, where he produced and co-wrote two feature film projects that he had developed during the final year of Visions. One was a collaboration with director St. Clair Bourne and playwright Ron Milner for a feature film about the civil rights era confrontation between young black voting rights activists and the Ku Klux Klan in Bogalusa, Louisiana. Guthman's other films are Paragliding Across America (2001), the expedition of world-record-holding paraglider Will Gadd to become the first to paraglide across the United States; Marathon of the Sands (2000), the world's most grueling ultra-marathon competition in the Moroccan Sahara; Eco-Sanctuary Belize (2001) and Ten Adventures of a Lifetime (2004). XPLR Online

In 2004, he created XPLR Productions, based in New York.XPLR Productions partnered with Snagfilms in 2008 to create the webcasting channel XPLR for adventure, environmental and science documentaries, including many of the films listed above. Selected XPLR-produced and distributed films also stream on Amazon Video, Hulu, Roku, EPIX, Comcast Xfinity, Verizon FIOS, Xbox, Redbox Instant, Google Television and Sony, Panasonic and Visio televisions, and are available on mobile devices and tablets through the Snagfilms and Amazon Video apps. Publishing

On the fifth anniversary of the historic LIGO discovery, Guthman published A Discovery That Shook the World, an ebook based on his eight-part video series of the same name. Previously, he had edited three books by three-time Pulitzer Prize winning editorial cartoonist Paul Conrad: The King


title: James Penton

texts:
<mask> (born April 27, 1932) is a professor emeritus of history at the University of Lethbridge in Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada and the author of three books on the history of Jehovah's Witnesses. Although raised in the religion, he was expelled in 1981 on the grounds of apostasy after criticizing some of the teachings and conduct of the religion's leadership. His expulsion gained national media attention and prompted one of several schisms that year among Jehovah's Witnesses. Background
Born in April 1932, <mask> was raised as a fourth-generation?? Jehovah's Witnesses, experiencing as a child Canadian government restrictions on the religion's activities. He was baptized in June 1948 and was sent by his parents to Arizona because of ill health. Penton attended Amphitheater High School in Tucson, Arizona.He married Marilyn Mae Kling when they were both 19 (circa 1951). In 1953-1956 he attended the University of Arizona, majoring in History with minors in German and Spanish. He received his Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in 1956. In 1956-1959 he attended the University of Iowa, studying Medieval History and serving as a research and teaching assistant. He received his Master of Arts (M.A.) in European History in 1959.In 1965, he received his Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Latin American History with a minor in Religious Studies, from the University of Iowa. Over the years, <mask> served in various capacities in Jehovah's Witness congregations in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada while pursuing an academic career, before moving to Alberta in 1965. Penton claimed to be an anointed Christian, and therefore one of the religion's faithful and discreet slave class, which is said to be collectively used by Jesus Christ to "feed" his followers with scriptural instruction. Dissent
While

masks:
Marvin James Penton
Penton
Penton


title: James Penton

texts: serving as an elder in his Lethbridge congregation in the late 1970s he developed concerns over the Watch Tower Society’s emphasis on the requirement for Witnesses to engage in public preaching work and what he saw as a growing harshness and intolerance in the treatment of members of the religion by those in authority. On August 10, 1979 he sent an eight-page letter to the society detailing his concerns. He opened the letter by saying he would "write lovingly but candidly about what I believe to be the central problem in our organization – the thing which has sickened it and for which the Governing Body as such must take much direct responsibility". Penton gave examples of what he claimed were distortions of New Testament texts to support Watch Tower Society teachings on house-to-house preaching, criticized the appointment of elders chiefly on the basis of field service records and described circuit overseer visits as "military inspections".He also sought a re-emphasis on justification by faith. The letter, which was distributed among some Witnesses in Lethbridge, prompted accusations from within the organization's hierarchy that <mask> was denigrating and opposed to the preaching work and resulted in pointed talks by the circuit and district overseers in Lethbridge warning that anyone who suggested the religion’s Governing Body had made "lots of mistakes" about the issue was lying, "blaspheming the organization" and trying to destroy it. One overseer told an assembly: "Woe betide the man that would speak evil against the representatives of God. He may become like Miriam and stricken with leprosy and he might lose his life." Another overseer said those who suggested the Governing Body were wrong were "unrighteous people" who would die at God's judgment day. Author <mask>

masks:
Penton
James Beverley


title: James Penton

texts:
 observed: "It is not often that preachers use the threat of leprosy to keep the flock in line." He said most informed Witnesses in Lethbridge would have guessed that the comments were directed chiefly against <mask>.<mask> resigned as an elder in December 1979, but a day later withdrew the resignation. He received a one-page reply to his letter from the society's headquarters in January 1980 that urged him to adjust his viewpoint or remain silent. Despite his protests that he was the subject of a witch hunt and injustice because of expressing his view about a religion he had once hailed as a "champion of free speech", <mask> was disfellowshipped, or expelled, from Jehovah's Witnesses on the grounds of apostasy in February 1981. His expulsion triggered a schism among Lethbridge Witnesses, as 80 supporters–about a quarter of all local members–severed ties or were expelled from the religion. The events surrounding his expulsion gained widespread media attention including national television coverage and were the subject of a 1986 book, Crisis of Allegiance, by <mask>. Beverley, an assistant professor at Atlantic Baptist College in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. Books

Jehovah’s Witnesses in Canada: Champions of Freedom of Speech and Worship
While still a member, he wrote Jehovah’s Witnesses in Canada: Champions of Freedom of Speech and Worship (1976), a history of the religion's struggle for religious freedom under Canadian law, in which he claimed that much of the political and theological attacks on the Watch Tower Society had been grossly unfair. He subsequently appeared on a national current affairs television program in Canada defending the religion's doctrines and denying its leaders were guilty of false prophecy.The book gained brief mentions in the society's magazine The

masks:
Penton
Penton
Penton
James A


title: James Penton

texts:
 Watchtower (quoting a Toronto Star review) and three years later in a Yearbook article about the Witnesses' history in Canada, although <mask> later wrote that he found it curious that the society refused to quote directly from it or otherwise mention it in publications or conventions. "As a result," he wrote, "some Witnesses manifested direct hostility towards it. On occasions I was openly criticized by particularly narrow Witnesses with 'trying to make money on the brothers' or 'trying to make a big fellow out of myself'." Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses

He began work on Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses soon afterwards, but halted his research and writing in 1979 after developing concerns over what he viewed as a growing punitive response of the religion's leadership to doctrinal dissent from within its ranks. He resumed work on the book after his expulsion and it was published in 1985. Jehovah's Witnesses and the Third Reich: Sectarian Politics under Persecution

In 2004 he published Jehovah's Witnesses and the Third Reich: Sectarian Politics under Persecution, which highlights what he claims are discrepancies between the religion's official history of its opposition to Nazism during World War II and documented facts (see Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses in Nazi Germany). <mask> describes that the Witnesses have attempted to rewrite their previous history under the Nazi government by concealing early overtures to Adolf Hitler and sidelining the group's antisemitism.The failure of those efforts and the persecution by the government, <mask> states resulted in the Witnesses in 1933 going back to their earlier position of opposing the Nazis. Historian Detlef Garbe, director at the Neuengamme (Hamburg) Memorial, criticized <mask>'s "new

masks: Penton Penton Penton Penton


title: James Penton

texts:
 theory" that in the 1930s the Watch Tower Society had "adapted" to National Socialism's anti-semitic aggression. Garbe suggested <mask>'s interpretation reflected a "deep-seated aversion" against his former religion and that "from a historiographic viewpoint <mask>'s writings perhaps show a lack of scientific objectivity". Scholar Kevin P. Spicer states that <mask> considers statements by leader Joseph Rutherford and the Witnesses as important toward understanding their attempts at dealing with the Nazi government (early 1930s) by distancing the group from Jews and altering their pro-Jewish position. Shortcomings of the book are described by Spicer that it is over reliant on published collections and secondary sources and has an absence of sources from the German archive. Spicer states however that without downplaying the resistance to Nazism by the Witnesses, "<mask> has alerted the reader to the reality that the Jehovah's Witnesses, like most Christians, embraced some form of nationalism and anti-Semitism, especially in the early years of Hitler's reign." In historian Leon Stein's review of Garbe's work on Jehovah’s Witnesses in the Third Reich, he considers it wide ranging, but <mask>'s work as more critical on the topic.Other works

<mask> has also edited two journals, written five articles about Jehovah's Witnesses and also wrote the Canadian Encyclopedias entry about the religion. Published works

(1976) Jehovah’s Witnesses in Canada: Champions of Freedom of Speech and Worship. (Macmillan, Toronto). .

(2004)  Jehovah's Witnesses and the Third Reich: Sectarian Politics under Persecution. (University of Toronto Press, Toronto). .

References

External links
 - interview

1932 births
Living people
People disfellowshipped by the Jehovah's Witnesses
University of Lethbridge

masks: Penton Penton Penton Penton Penton Penton


title: Daya Reddy

texts:
<mask> (born 10 March 1953) is a South African scientist. He is Professor Emeritus at the University of Cape Town, holds the South African Research Chair in Computational and Applied Mechanics, and is the Director of the Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM) there. He currently serves as President of the International Science Council. Career
After completing a bachelor's degree in civil engineering at the University of Cape Town and a PhD degree at Cambridge University, <mask> pursued postdoctoral study at the University College London, then returned to Cape Town, where he migrated eventually from joint appointments in civil engineering and applied mathematics to a chair in applied mathematics. He served as dean of faculty of science at UCT for seven years from 1999, and thereafter was appointed to the South African Research Chair in Computational and Applied Mechanics. In 2018, <mask> was elected as first President of the International Science Council. Research
<mask>'s teaching and research activities reflect his multidisciplinary perspectives, which he pursues largely through the Centre for Research in Computational and Applied Mechanics (CERECAM) at the University of Cape Town, a centre comprising academic staff and their students in five different departments, straddling the engineering disciplines, mathematics, and biomedical sciences.He has made major contributions to the analysis of problems in solid mechanics, most notably plasticity. He has developed and analysed new variational formulations, as well as associated solution algorithms, which have been implemented computationally, for both classical and gradient theories. The second area in which he has a substantial international reputation is in the development and analysis of mixed and related finite element methods. Beyond these major areas of activity, he has also made significant contributions to aspects of biomedical mechanics. He is the author, co-author or editor of over 200 publications, including two research monographs, two texts, and three edited

masks:
Batmanathan Dayanand Reddy
Reddy
Reddy
Reddy


title: Daya Reddy

texts:
 volumes of invited papers. He has supervised to graduation 28 PhD and 36 Masters graduates, as well as 20 post-doctoral researchers. The objective of his graduate text on functional analysis was to address a great need, in providing graduate students and researchers in engineering as well as others who do not have the requisite mathematical background, with an introduction to the mathematics that is essential to the study of boundary value problems and the finite element method.The work continues to be used in universities around the world, either as recommended course text or for individual study. The first edition of his research monograph, with Weimin Han, comprised a systematic treatment of mathematical aspects of classical plasticity from a modern perspective. The monograph captures the main results of the theoretical work by <mask> and co-workers, and others over a number of years, and goes on to present some new results. The second edition includes new material on single-crystal plasticity and strain-gradient plasticity, to which <mask> has made significant contributions. Scientific leadership
<mask> was a founder member in 2003, of the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), which has grown from the first institute, established in Cape Town, South Africa, to become a pan-African network with centres for graduate education, research and outreach currently in six African countries. He currently serves as the chair of the AIMS South Africa Council, and is a trustee on the AIMS Trust. <mask> is a founder member of the Academy of Sciences of South Africa (ASSAf), and served as its President over the period 2012 - 2016.The InterAcademy Partnership (IAP) is a global network of 140 member academies which work together to provide independent expert advise on scientific, technological and health issues. <mask> served, over the period 2013 - 2019 as co-chair of IAP-Policy, the arm of the IAP that mobilizes the best scientists and engineers worldwide to provide high-quality, in-depth advice to international organizations and national

masks: Reddy Reddy Reddy Reddy Reddy


title: Daya Reddy

texts:
 governments on critical scientific issues. In July 2018 <mask> <mask> was elected the first president of the International Science Council,  a body that has resulted from the merger of the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the International Social Science Council, and whose membership includes national and regional scientific organizations from 140 countries and more than 40 international scientific unions and associations. The ISC catalyses international scientific collaboration and convenes scientific and policy expertise, advice and influence on issues of major concern to science and society. Awards
<mask> has the unique distinction of being an elected fellow or member of all four South African academies:  the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), by legislation of the official academy of South Africa; the South African Academy of Engineering; the Royal Society of South Africa; and the Suid-Afrikaanse Akademie vir Wetenskap en Kuns. He is also a Fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), of the African Academy of Sciences, and a founding Fellow of the Developing World Academy of Engineering and Technology. <mask> is a recipient of the degree of Doctor of Science, honoris causa, from Stellenbosch University; the Award for Research Distinction of the South African Mathematical Society; and the Order of Mapungubwe, awarded by the President of South Africa for distinguished contributions to science.He received the Georg Forster Research Award from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Germany. He was elected a Fellow of the International Association for Computational Mechanics in 2008. References

External links
https://www.gov.za/about-government/batmanathan-dayanand-reddy

1953 births
Living people
University of Cape Town academics
University of Cape Town alumni
Fellows of the Royal Society of South Africa
People from Port Elizabeth
TWAS fellows
21st-century South African engineers
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Alumni of University College London
South African expatriates in the United Kingdom
20th-century South

masks: Daya Reddy Reddy Reddy


title: David Beharall

texts:
<mask> (born 8 March 1979) is an English former professional footballer who played as a defender. Beharall started his football playing career for Newcastle United in 1996 and graduated to the first team in 1998. While at St James' Park he had loan spells at Grimsby Town and Oldham Athletic in 2001 and 2002 before joining Oldham for a fee of £150,000 in March 2002. He left Oldham in February 2005 to join Carlisle United on a free transfer and a year later in February 2006 Beharall joined Stockport County. He retired from football at the age of 27 due to a knee injury in 2006. Career

Newcastle United
Beharall started off his playing career at hometown club Newcastle United in 1996 where he graduated to the first team in 1998 after being captain to the youth and reserve teams. Beharall made his first Premier League start and his debut for Newcastle in the 3–1 loss against Everton on 17 April 1999.Beharall started another 3 Premier League games during the 1998–99 season. During the 1999–2000 season, Beharall played 2 more Premier League games; the 3–3 draw against Wimbledon and the 5–1 loss at Manchester United. The match against Manchester United turned out to be his last match for the club. After two years without a first team appearance, Beharall wanted to join Preston North End on loan after spending two days at Deepdale in early January 2001, but Preston's manager <mask> decided against the move. Grimsby Town
With first team opportunities running out at Newcastle, Beharall joined Grimsby Town in August 2001 originally on trial, with a view to a loan move due to Grimsby's lack of centre backs. After his trial he joined The Mariners on

masks:
David Alexander Beharall
David Moyes


title: David Beharall

texts:
 loan in August 2001 for 3 months and made his début in a 1–0 win against Crewe Alexandra on 11 August. <mask> played another 15 league and cup games for Grimsby Town, including the 2–1 cup upset they inflicted on Liverpool in the League Cup 3rd round at Anfield on 9 October 2001.Beharall gave away the penalty that Liverpool midfielder Gary McAllister scored as he was judged to have handled the ball in the penalty box. That goal gave Liverpool the lead with 19 minutes left but goals from Marlon Broomes and Phil Jevons in stoppage time cancelled out <mask>'s mistake and Grimsby pulled off a big cup upset. <mask> ended his loan spell in November 2001. Oldham Athletic
Ten days after leaving Grimsby Town, <mask> was on the move again, this time to Oldham Athletic on a loan deal to the end of the season. <mask> made his dèbut in a 0–0 draw against Stoke City on 21 November 2001. He played 17 league games, two FA Cup and two Football League Trophy matches during his loan spell at Oldham, scoring one goal in the 89th minute in a 1–1 draw against Wigan Athletic on 15 December 2001. <mask> was bought by Oldham Athletic on 6 March 2002 for £150,000 on a three-year contract after impressing during his loan deal.<mask> played one more league game for The Latics during the 2001–02 season against Wigan on 9 March, a match which Wigan won 1–0. In the 2002–03 season Beharall played 32 league, 4 League and 3 FA Cup games for Oldham under the management of Iain Dowie, who replaced Mick Wadsworth in the summer of 2002. In the pre-season of the 2003–04 season, he suffered an injury which left him out of action until October 2003. During this time in August

masks: David Beharall Beharall Beharall Beharall Beharall David


title: David Beharall

texts:
 2003 Beharall was a victim of a carjacking when he and teammate Adam Griffin were attacked when they stopped at a cash machine with Beharall leaving Griffin in the passenger seat and his £21,000 Mercedes-Benz R230 car parked at a Texaco garage in Oldham. Griffin was left defenseless with one of the attackers holding him at knifepoint and another man hit Griffin's left arm with an iron bar, then dragging and throwing Griffin to the ground. Beharall left his wallet and mobile phone in the car but was relieved that he and Griffin were OK. During the 2003–2004 season Beharall played 7 league, 2 FA Cup and 2 Football league games, he also scored 2 league goals against Plymouth Argyle on 1 November 2003. After playing only 6 league games during the 2004–05 season new manager Brian Talbot, Beharall left the club on 24 January 2005 after agreeing a settlement figure.Carlisle United
Nine days after leaving Oldham, <mask> joined Carlisle United, with him signing a contract until July 2006. This was the first time in his career he played for a non-league club. Beharall made his debut for the club in the 2–2 draw against Gravesend & Northfleet on 12 February 2005. In the 2004–05 season, <mask> was part of Carlisle's return to the Football League, playing 14 matches (3 of these being playoff matches) and playing 1 FA Trophy match. He scored one Conference goal, in the 2–1 win at Farnborough Town on 2 April 2005. <mask>'s pre-season preparations were ruined by an injury which made him miss the start of Carlisle's season, but the MRI scan revealed he had not suffered a tear to any of the major knee ligaments. When he returned from injury in October

masks: Beharall Beharall Beharall


title: David Beharall

texts:
 2005, Beharall played 6 League and 2 Football League Trophy matches.Most of these appearances came in October and November. However, with the lack of opportunities, Beharall left Carlisle by mutual consent on 1 February 2006. Stockport County
After being released by Carlisle, Beharall decided to join League Two strugglers Stockport County until the end of the 2005–06 season, after playing well in a reserve match for County prior to his move, he had high hopes of saving the club from relegation and also hoped to impress the County manager Jim Gannon enough to earn a new contract for the following season. <mask> made his début for County in the 2–1 away victory against Chester City. Beharall played another 11 league games during the 2005–06 for Stockport and was starting contract negotiations the managed Jim Gannon, but in May 2006 Beharall retired due to an ongoing bad knee injury. Personal life
Since retiring Beharall has gone on to set up and run digital agency CandidSky based in Manchester city centre. He has won North West Entrepreneur of the year as well as an award for his work within social media.In June 2016 CandidSky won 'Best Use of Search & CRO' at the 18th annual Big Chip Awards. It is the longest-running digital industry awards in the UK. References

External links

1979 births
Living people
Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne
English footballers
Association football central defenders
Newcastle United F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Stockport County F.C.players
Premier League players
English Football League players
National League (English football)


title: Chester Wilson Emmons

texts: <mask> (August 21, 1900August 5, 1985) was an American scientist, who researched fungi that cause diseases. He was the first mycologist at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), where for 31 years he served as head of its Medical Mycology Section. After studying botany at Penn College and the host-parasite relationship of Ampelomyces quisqualis at  Columbia University, he transferred to the School of Tropical Medicine in Puerto Rico, where he confirmed that Actinomyces bovis is present in the mouths of healthy people. In 1934, back at Columbia, he proposed that some fungi should be defined according to their structure, not the effects of the resulting fungal infection. He was the first to recognise coccidioidomycosis in desert rodents, and he established that soil is a natural reservoir for Histoplasma capsulatum, which flourishes when the soil is supplemented by bird, chicken and bat droppings. He proved an association between Cryptococcus neoformans and pigeon nesting sites, after being the first to isolate the fungus from its natural habitat. <mask> provided early evidence for the effectiveness of amphotericin B in treating of systemic fungal infections.His modified agar medium for fungal culture is sometimes referred to as Sabouraud agar, Emmons. In 1942, <mask>ia. In 1960, as president of the Mycological Society of America (MSA), he made the study of fungi the focus of his presidential address, in an effort to raise the profile of medical mycology. <mask> also taught medical students at George Washington University, and later taught medical mycology to physicians at the NIH's clinical centre. He contributed as an editor to several journals including the American Journal of Epidemiology, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, Mycopathologia and Mycologia Applicata, Journal of Bacteriology, Mycologia, and Clinical Medicine. Shortly before his death, he had disclosed that he felt his biggest contribution was demonstrating that fungal infections were common and

masks:
Chester Wilson Emmons
Emmons
Emmonsmons
Emmons


title: Chester Wilson Emmons

texts:
 widespread, and that their causal organisms were everywhere. Early life and education

<mask> <mask> was born on August 21, 1900 in What Cheer, Iowa, to <mask> and Amy Penrose <mask>, was the eldest of their five children, and belonged to the Religious Society of Friends.He attended the Friends schools in Iowa and Ohio, where he also taught for some time. When at home, he assisted at the family farm. He graduated from Penn College in Oskaloosa, Iowa, in 1926. The following June, under George Willard Martin, he completed his masters in botany, titled "Thelephoraceae of Iowa". Training
<mask> left Iowa and moved to New York where he earned a Roberts fellowship at Columbia University under the supervision of professor Robert A. Harper, and studied the host-parasite relationship of Ampelomyces quisqualis, then known as Cicinnobolus desai. At Columbia, he trained with Rhoda W. Benham and in 1929 was appointed her assistant in mycology. Career

After completing his Ph.D. he took up a post at the School of Tropical Medicine in Puerto Rico, where he would continue research on fungi that cause disease in humans.In Puerto Rico, he confirmed Frederick T. Lord's conclusions of 1910, that Actinomyces bovis is present in the mouths of healthy people. In 1934, back at Columbia, he published his first medical papers in which he proposed that the genera of common fungal causes of infections of the skin; Microsporum, Trichophyton and Epidermophyton should be redefined according to the structure of the fungi, not the varying clinical features of the disease. In 1936, <mask> became the first medical mycologist appointed by the US government, after the National Institutes of Health (NIH), then in Washington DC, was given permission to finance the post. Here he set out to look for the natural reservoirs of disease causing fungi. For 31 years he served as head of the NIH's Medical Mycology Section. In 1942, <mask> and Ashburn discovered unusually large particles in the lungs of mice

masks:
Chester Wilson
Emmons
Wilson Thomas
Emmons
Emmons
Emmons
Emmons


title: Chester Wilson Emmons

texts:
 and ground squirrels in Arizona. They initially felt them to belong to the genera Coccidioides, but following culture they defined it as a new species Haplosporangium parvum, a fungus that caused adiaspiromycosis, a lung disease in wild animals, but rare in people.When its spores were inhaled, they increased in size from 2–4 μm to 40–500 μm in diameter. It was reclassified into a separate genus in 1958 and renamed Emmonsia for <mask>. He was the first to recognise coccidioidomycosis in desert rodents, and establishing that soil is a natural reservoir for Histoplasma capsulatum, which flourishes when the soil is supplemented by bird, chicken and bat droppings. He also proved an association between Cryptococcus neoformans and pigeon nesting sites, after being the first to isolate the fungus from its natural habitat. He provided early evidence for the effectiveness of amphotericin B in treating of systemic fungal infections. In 1977, he modified Raymond Sabouraud’s  agar to produce a more pH neutral substance with a lower glucose concentration, to allow a better culture medium for fungi that cause disease in humans. For 20 years from 1942, he taught medical students at George Washington University.From 1953, he taught medical mycology to physicians at the NIH's new clinical centre. He authored over 150 research papers , and co-authored a book on medical mycology, which went to at least three editions. Awards and honours
Between 1954 and 1960 he was vice president of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, and was a recipient of its Lucille K. George Medal. In 1960, he was president of the Mycological Society of America (MSA). In an effort to raise the profile of medical mycology, he presented a paper titled "The Jekyll-Hydes of mycology", making medical mycology the focus of his presidential address to the MSA at Stillwater, Oklahoma. In 1982, he received the MSA's distinguished mycologist award. The American Academy of Microbiology, American


title: Chester Wilson Emmons

texts:
 Association for the Advancement of Science, and the New York Academy of Sciences all elected him a fellow.The Association Mexicana Microbiologia made him an honorary member and the World Health Organization Expert Advisory Panel on Parasitic Diseases enrolled his expertise from 1960 to 1975. Other roles
He also held posts at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the Vanderbilt Clinic in New York, and the Georgetown University School of Medicine. He contributed as an editor to several journals including the Abstracts of Mycology, American Journal of Epidemiology, Antibiotics and Chemotherapy, Mycopathologia and Mycologia Applicata, Journal of Bacteriology, Mycologia, and Clinical Medicine. Personal and family
In 1929, while working on his Ph.D., he met and married Florence Hall. They had five children: Helen, Richard, Donald, Elizabeth and Nancy. Later life
After retiring in 1966, <mask> and his wife first made a three-month stay in Peru, where they volunteered at a jungle hospital. They then returned to Arizona, where he took up the appointment of visiting professor at Arizona State University.In Arizona, he joined a rock club, where he learnt to cut and polish stones. In 1978 due deteriorating health, the couple moved to North Carolina. Death and legacy
<mask> died on August 5, 1985. Two years earlier he had disclosed to mycologist Michael W. McGinnis, that he felt his biggest contribution was demonstrating that fungal infections were common and widespread, and that their causal organisms were everywhere. His modified agar medium for fungal culture is sometimes referred to as Sabouraud agar, <mask>ia is named for him. Selected publications

Articles
 (Co-authored with L. L. Ashburn)

Books
 (Co-authored with Chapman H. Binford and John P. Utz)

References

External links
<mask><mask> at PubMed

1900 births
1985 deaths
American mycologists
American science writers
People from Ohio
William Penn University alumni
National Institutes of Health faculty
Columbia

masks:
Emmons
Emmons
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. Emmons


title: Johnny du Plooy

texts:
<mask> (27 September 1964 – 12 April 2013) was a former South African heavyweight boxer best known for his win over former WBA World Heavyweight champion Mike Weaver. He challenged once for the WBO World Heavyweight title in 1989. Boxing career

Amateur career
<mask> had a very impressive amateur record of 196-4. Professional career
The tall 6'3 South African boxer began his career in 1985 with 17 straight wins. He then lost to ex-champ Mike Weaver by 7th round KO. He later avenged this defeat by knocking out Mike Weaver in two rounds and in 1989 challenged Francesco Damiani for the vacant WBO heavyweight title. <mask> was knocked out in the third round in the World Boxing Organization's inaugural heavyweight world title bout.After this, he fought 15 more fights, compiling an overall record of 27 wins, 5 losses, and 1 draw. All of <mask>'s losses were stoppages to known opponents such as Renaldo Snipes, Francesco Damiani, Pierre Coetzer, and Corrie Sanders. <mask> retired in 1993 after a win, and scored another comeback win in 1997 but promptly retired. Death
<mask> became overweight after his retirement. He suffered from heart problems in the few years leading up to his death. Several months before his death, he had a heart attack.

masks:
Johnny du Plooy
du Plooy
Du Plooy
du Plooy
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Du Plooy


title: Ian Paisley

texts: <mask>, Baron Bannside,  (6 April 1926 – 12 September 2014) was a Northern Irish loyalist politician and Protestant religious leader who served as leader of the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) from 1971 to 2008 and First Minister of Northern Ireland from 2007 to 2008. <mask> became a Protestant evangelical minister in 1946 and remained one for the rest of his life. In 1951 he co-founded the fundamentalist Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster and was its leader until 2008. <mask> became known for his fiery sermons and regularly preached and protested against Roman Catholicism, ecumenism and homosexuality. He gained a large group of followers who were referred to as <mask>ites. <mask> became involved in Ulster unionist/loyalist politics in the late 1950s. In the mid-late 1960s, he led and instigated loyalist opposition to the Catholic civil rights movement in Northern Ireland.This contributed to the outbreak of the Troubles in the late 1960s, a conflict that would engulf Northern Ireland for the next 30 years. In 1970 he became Member of Parliament for North Antrim and the following year he founded the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), which he would lead for almost 40 years. In 1979 he became a Member of the European Parliament. Throughout the Troubles, <mask> was seen as a firebrand and the face of hardline unionism. He opposed all attempts to resolve the conflict through power-sharing between unionists and Irish nationalists/republicans, and all attempts to involve the Republic of Ireland in Northern affairs. His efforts helped bring down the Sunningdale Agreement of 1974. He also opposed the Anglo-Irish Agreement of 1985, with less success.His attempts to create a

masks:
Ian Richard Kyle Paisley
Paisley
Paisley
Paisley
Paisley
Paisley


title: Ian Paisley

texts:
 paramilitary movement culminated in Ulster Resistance. <mask> and his party also opposed the Northern Ireland peace process and Good Friday Agreement of 1998. In 2005, <mask>'s DUP became the largest unionist party in Northern Ireland, displacing the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), which had dominated unionist politics since 1905 and had been an instrumental party in the Good Friday Agreement. In 2007, following the St Andrews Agreement, the DUP finally agreed to share power with republican party Sinn Féin. <mask> and Sinn Féin's Martin McGuinness became First Minister and deputy First Minister respectively in May 2007. He stepped down as First Minister and DUP leader in mid-2008, and left politics in 2011. <mask> was made a life peer in 2010 as Baron Bannside.Personal life
<mask> <mask> was born in Armagh, County Armagh, and brought up in the town of Ballymena, County Antrim, where his father James Kyle <mask> was an Independent Baptist pastor who had previously served in the Ulster Volunteers under Edward Carson. His mother was Scottish. <mask> married Eileen Cassells on 13 October 1956. They had five children, daughters Sharon, Rhonda and Cherith and twin sons, Kyle and <mask>. Three of their children followed their father into politics or religion: Kyle is a Free Presbyterian minister; <mask> is a DUP MP; and Rhonda, a retired DUP councillor. He had a brother, Harold, who is also an evangelical fundamentalist. <mask> saw himself primarily as an Ulsterman.However, despite his hostility towards Irish republicanism and the Republic of Ireland, he also saw himself as an Irishman and said that "you cannot be an Ulsterman without being an Irishman". Religious career
When

masks:
Paisley
Paisley
Paisley
Paisley
Ian Richard
Kyle Paisley
Paisley
Paisley
Ian
Ian
Paisley


title: Ian Paisley

texts: he was a teenager, <mask> decided to follow his father and become a Christian minister. He delivered his first sermon aged 16 in a mission hall in County Tyrone. In the late 1940s he undertook theological training at the Barry School of Evangelism (now called the Wales Evangelical School of Theology), and later, for a year, at the Reformed Presbyterian Theological Hall in Belfast. In 1951, a congregation of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland (PCI) was forbidden by church authorities to hold a meeting in their own church hall at which <mask> was to be the speaker. In response, the leaders of that congregation left the PCI and began a new denomination, the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, with <mask>, who was just 25 years old at the time. <mask> soon became the leader (or moderator) of the Free Presbyterian Church and was re-elected every year, for the next 57 years.The Free Presbyterian Church is a fundamentalist, evangelical church, requiring strict separation from "any church which has departed from the fundamental doctrines of the Word of God." At the time of the 1991 census, the church had about 12,000 members, less than 1 per cent of the Northern Ireland population. <mask> promoted a highly conservative form of Biblical literalism and anti-Catholicism, which he described as "Bible Protestantism". The website of <mask>'s public relations arm, the European Institute of Protestant Studies, describes the institute's purpose as to "expound the Bible, expose the Papacy, and to promote, defend and maintain Bible Protestantism in Europe and further afield." <mask>'s website describes a number of doctrinal areas in which he believes that the "Roman church" (which he

masks: Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley


title: Ian Paisley

texts: termed 'Popery') has deviated from the Bible and thus from true Christianity. Over the years, <mask> would write numerous books and pamphlets on his religious and political views, including a commentary on the Epistle to the Romans. <mask> set up his own newspaper in February 1966, the Protestant Telegraph, as a mechanism for further spreading his message.In the 1960s, <mask> developed a relationship with the fundamentalist Bob Jones University located in Greenville, South Carolina. In 1966, he received an honorary doctorate of divinity from the institution and subsequently served on its board of trustees. This relationship would later lead to the establishment of the Free Presbyterian Church of North America in 1977. His honorary doctorate, along with his political obstinacy, led to <mask>'s nickname of "Dr. No". When Princess Margaret and the Queen Mother met Pope John XXIII in 1958, <mask> condemned them for "committing spiritual fornication and adultery with the Antichrist". When Pope John died in June 1963, <mask> announced to a crowd of followers that "this Romish man of sin is now in Hell!". He organised protests against the lowering of flags on public buildings to mark the Pope's death.In 1988, having given advance warning of his intentions, <mask> interrupted a speech being delivered by Pope John Paul II in the European Parliament. <mask> shouted "I denounce you as the Antichrist!" and held up a poster reading "Pope John Paul II ANTICHRIST". Other MEPs jeered <mask>, threw papers at him and snatched his poster, but he produced another and continued shouting. He was admonished by Parliamentary President Lord Plumb, who formally excluded him. He was then

masks: Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley


title: Ian Paisley

texts:
 forcibly removed from the chamber. <mask> claims he was injured by other MEPs—including Otto von Habsburg—who struck him and threw objects at him.<mask> believed the European Union is a part of a conspiracy to create a Roman Catholic superstate controlled by the Vatican. He claimed in an article that the seat no. 666 in the European Parliament is reserved for the Antichrist. <mask> continued to denounce the Catholic Church and the Pope after the incident. In a television interview for The Unquiet Man, a 2001 documentary on <mask>'s life, he expressed his pride at being "the only person to have the courage to denounce the Pope". However, after the death of Pope John Paul in 2005, <mask> expressed sympathy for Catholics, saying "We can understand how Roman Catholics feel at the death of the Pope and we would want in no way to interfere with their expression of sorrow and grief at this time." <mask> and his followers also protested against what they saw as instances of blasphemy in popular culture, including the stage productions Jesus Christ Superstar and Jerry Springer: The Opera, as well as being strongly anti-abortion.Campaign against homosexuality

<mask> preached against homosexuality, supported laws criminalising it and picketed various gay rights events. He denounced it as "a crime against God and man and its practice is a terrible step to the total demoralisation of any country". Save Ulster from Sodomy was a campaign launched by <mask> in 1977, in opposition to the Northern Ireland Campaign for Homosexual Law Reform, established in 1974. <mask>'s campaign sought to prevent the extension to Northern Ireland of the Sexual Offences Act 1967, which had


title: Ian Paisley

texts:
 decriminalised homosexual acts between males over 21 years of age in England and Wales. <mask>'s campaign failed when legislation was passed in 1982 as a result of the previous year's ruling by the European Court of Human Rights in the case of Dudgeon v United Kingdom. Political career, 1949–2010

Early activism
In 1949, <mask> formed a Northern Irish branch of the National Union of Protestants, the group being led in the UK by his uncle, W. St Clair Taylor. <mask>'s first political involvement came at the 1950 general election when he campaigned on behalf of the successful Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) candidate in Belfast West, the Church of Ireland minister James Godfrey MacManaway.Independent Unionist MP Norman Porter came to lead the National Union of Protestants, while <mask> became treasurer, but <mask> left after Porter refused to join the Free Presbyterian Church. <mask> first hit headlines in 1956 when Maura Lyons, a 15-year-old Belfast Catholic doubting her faith, sought his help and was smuggled illegally to Scotland by members of his Free Presbyterian Church. <mask> publicly played a tape of her religious conversion but refused to help with the search for her, saying he would rather go to prison than return her to her Catholic family. Lyons eventually returned both to her family and Catholicism. In 1956, <mask> was one of the founders of Ulster Protestant Action (UPA). Its initial purpose was to organise the defence of Protestant areas against anticipated Irish Republican Army (IRA) activity. It carried out vigilante patrols, made street barricades, and drew up lists of IRA suspects in both Belfast and rural areas.The UPA was to later become the Protestant

masks: Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley


title: Ian Paisley

texts:
 Unionist Party in 1966. UPA factory and workplace branches were formed, including one by <mask> in Belfast's Ravenhill area under his direct control. The concern of the UPA increasingly came to focus on the defence of 'Bible Protestantism' and Protestant interests where jobs and housing were concerned. The UPA also campaigned against the allocation of public housing to Catholics. As <mask> came to dominate UPA, he received his first convictions for public order offences. In June 1959, <mask> addressed a UPA rally in the mainly-Protestant Shankill district of Belfast. During the speech, he shouted out the addresses of some Catholic-owned homes and businesses in the area.These homes and businesses were then attacked by the crowd; windows were smashed, shops were looted and "Taigs out" painted on the doors. During the 1964 UK general election campaign, an Irish republican candidate displayed an Irish tricolour from the window of his office in a republican area of Belfast. <mask> threatened that if the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) did not remove the tricolour he would lead a march to the office and take it down himself. The Flags and Emblems Act banned the public display of any symbol, with the exception of the Union Flag, that could cause a breach of the peace. In response, armed officers arrived at the building, smashed their way inside and seized the flag. This led to severe rioting between republicans and the RUC. Thirty people, including at least 18 officers, had to be hospitalised.Opposition to the civil rights movement
In 1964, a peaceful civil rights campaign began in Northern Ireland. The civil rights movement sought to end discrimination against Catholics

masks: Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley


title: Ian Paisley

texts: and those of Catholic background by the Protestant and unionist government of Northern Ireland. <mask> instigated and led loyalist opposition to the civil rights movement over the next few years. He also led opposition against Terence O'Neill, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland. Although O'Neill was also unionist, <mask> and his followers saw him as being too 'soft' on the civil rights movement and opposed his policies of reform and reconciliation. In April 1966, <mask> and his associate Noel Doherty founded the Ulster Constitution Defence Committee (UCDC) and its paramilitary wing, the Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV). At the time, Irish republicans were marking the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising.Although the IRA was inactive, loyalists such as <mask> warned that it was about to be revived and launch another campaign against Northern Ireland. At the same time, a loyalist paramilitary group calling itself the "Ulster Volunteer Force" (UVF) emerged in the Shankill area of Belfast, led by Gusty Spence. Many of its members were also members of the UCDC and UPV, including UCDC secretary and UPV leader Noel Doherty. <mask> publicly thanked the UVF for taking part in a march on 7 April. In May and June, the UVF petrol bombed a number of Catholic homes, schools and businesses. It also shot dead two Catholic civilians as they walked home. These are sometimes seen as the first deaths of the Troubles.Following the killings, the UVF was outlawed and <mask> denied any knowledge of its activities. One of those convicted for the killings said after his arrest "I am terribly sorry I ever heard of that man <mask> or decided to follow him". <mask> would later establish two


title: Ian Paisley

texts: other paramilitary groups: Third Force in 1981 and Ulster Resistance in 1986. On 6 June 1966, <mask> led a march to the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church against what he claimed to be its "Romeward trend". The authorities allowed the marchers to go through the Catholic Cromac Square neighbourhood carrying placards with anti-Catholic slogans. Catholic youths attacked the march and clashed with the RUC. Many were injured and cars and businesses were wrecked.Following the riots, <mask> was charged with unlawful assembly and sentenced to three months in prison. The Belfast Telegraph declared that <mask>'s organisations "represent a defiance of lawful authority no less serious in essence than that of the IRA". On 22 July 1966, Paisleyites clashed with the RUC outside Crumlin Road Prison, where Paisley was being held. The next day, Protestant mobs several thousand strong "rampaged through the city, smashing windows and trying to damage businesses owned by Catholics". In response, the authorities banned all meetings and marches in Belfast for three months. On 30 November 1968, hours before a civil rights march in Armagh, <mask> and Ronald Bunting arrived in the town in a convoy of cars. Men armed with nail-studded cudgels emerged from the cars and took over the town centre to prevent the march.The RUC halted the civil rights march, sparking outrage from activists. On 25 March 1969, <mask> and Bunting were jailed for organising the illegal counter-demonstration. On 6 May, they were released during a general amnesty for people convicted of political offences. In March–April 1969, the Ulster Protestant Volunteers (UPV) bombed water and electricity installations in

masks: Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley


title: Ian Paisley

texts: Northern Ireland, leaving much of Belfast without power and water. <mask> and the UPV blamed the bombings on the dormant IRA and elements of the civil rights movement. <mask>'s Protestant Telegraph called them "the first act of sabotage perpetrated by the IRA since the murderous campaign of 1956", warning that it was "an ominous indication of what lies ahead for Ulster". Many people believed these claims of IRA responsibility.The loyalists also hoped that the bombings would weaken confidence in Prime Minister Terence O'Neill. Unionist support for O'Neill waned, and on 28 April he resigned as Prime Minister. <mask>'s approach led him, in turn, to oppose O'Neill's successors as Prime Minister, Major James Chichester-Clark (later Lord Moyola) and Brian Faulkner. The civil rights campaign, and attacks on it by loyalists and police, culminated in the August 1969 riots. The 1969 Northern Ireland riots, Divis Street were the worst in Belfast since the 1930s. Catholic Irish nationalists clashed with the police and with loyalists, who invaded Catholic neighbourhoods and burned scores of homes and businesses. This led to the deployment of British troops and is seen by many as the beginning of the Troubles.Journalists Patrick Bishop and Eamonn Mallie said of the rioting in Belfast: "Both communities were in the grip of a mounting paranoia about the other's intentions. Catholics were convinced that they were about to become victims of a Protestant pogrom; Protestants that they were on the eve of an IRA insurrection". After the riots, <mask> is reported to have said:Catholic homes caught fire because they were loaded with petrol bombs; Catholic churches were attacked and burned


title: Ian Paisley

texts:
 because they were arsenals and priests handed out sub-machine guns to parishioners. Electoral success and founding of the DUP
On 16 April 1970, in a by-election to the Northern Ireland Parliament, <mask>, standing on behalf of the Protestant Unionist Party, won the Bannside seat formerly held by Prime Minister Terence O'Neill. Another PUP candidate, William Beattie, won the South Antrim seat. In the 1970 UK general election, <mask> won the North Antrim seat. These elections were "further evidence of the break-up of the unionist block and the unease among a large section of Protestants about the reform measures introduced under Chichester-Clark".On 30 September 1971, <mask> and Desmond Boal founded the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP). Relationship with the nationalist SDLP
From the 1960s, one of his main rivals was civil rights leader and co-founder of the nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), John Hume. British Government papers, released in 2002, show that in 1971 <mask> attempted to reach a compromise with the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). The attempt was made via then British Cabinet Secretary, Sir Burke Trend. The papers show that <mask> had indicated he could "reach an accommodation with leaders of the Catholic minority, which would provide the basis of a new government in Stormont." It appears that the move was rejected once it became clear to the SDLP that it would have created a very one-sided alliance. Speaking about the deal in 2002 <mask> said:

Campaign against the Sunningdale Agreement

The Sunningdale Agreement of December 1973 set up a new government for Northern Ireland in which unionists and nationalists would share

masks: Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley Paisley