title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 projects were People Live Everywhere, Youth of the World, Women of the World and The Child Generation. Magnum aimed to use photography in the service of humanity, and provided arresting, widely viewed images. The Decisive Moment

In 1952, Cartier-Bresson published his book Images à la sauvette, whose English-language edition was titled The Decisive Moment, although the French language title actually translates as "images on the sly" or "hastily taken images", Images à la sauvette included a portfolio of 126 of his photos from the East and the West.The book's cover was drawn by <mask>. For his 4,500-word philosophical preface, Cartier-Bresson took his keynote text from the 17th century Cardinal de Retz, "Il n'y a rien dans ce monde qui n'ait un moment decisif" ("There is nothing in this world that does not have a decisive moment"). Cartier-Bresson applied this to his photographic style. He said: "Photographier: c'est dans un même instant et en une fraction de seconde reconnaître un fait et l'organisation rigoureuse de formes perçues visuellement qui expriment et signifient ce fait" ("To me, photography is the simultaneous recognition, in a fraction of a second, of the significance of an event as well as of a precise organization of forms which give that event its proper expression."). Both titles came from Tériade, the Greek-born French publisher whom Cartier-Bresson admired. He gave the book its French title, Images à la Sauvette, loosely translated as "images on the run" or "stolen images." Dick Simon of


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

type: original

texts:
 since his days of hiding from the Nazis during World War II. Although he took many famous portraits, his face was little known to the world at large. This, presumably, helped allow him to work on the street undisturbed.He denied that the term "art" applied to his photographs. Instead, he thought that they were merely his gut reactions to fleeting situations that he had happened upon. Publications
 1947: The Photographs of <mask>-Bresson. Text by Lincoln Kirstein. New York: Museum of Modern Art. 1952: The Decisive Moment. Texts and photographs by Cartier-Bresson.Cover by <mask>. New York: Simon & Schuster. French edition
2014: Göttingen: Steidl. . Facsimile edition. First edition, 2014. Third edition, 2018. Includes booklet with an essay by Clément Chéroux, "A Bible for Photographers". 1954: Les Danses à Bali.Texts by Antonin Artaud on Balinese theater and commentary by Béryl de Zoete Paris: Delpire. German edition. 1955: The Europeans. Text and photographs by Cartier-Bresson. Cover by Joan Miró. New York: Simon & Schuster. French edition.1955: People of Moscow. London: Thames & Hudson. French, German and Italian editions. 1956: China in Transition. London: Thames & Hudson. French, German and Italian editions. 1958: <mask>-Bresson: Fotografie.Prague and Bratislava: Statni nakladatelstvi krasné. Text by Anna Farova. 1963: Photographs by <mask>-Bresson. New York: Grossman Publisher. French, English, Japanese and Swiss editions. 1964: China. Photographs and notes on fifteen months spent in China.Text by Barbara

masks:
Henri Cartier
Henri Matisse
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Miller. New York: Bantam. French edition. 1966: <mask>-Bresson and the Artless Art. Text by Jean-Pierre Montier. Translated from the French L'Art sans art d'Henri Cartier-Bresson by Ruth Taylor. New York: Bulfinch Press.1968: The World of HCB. New York: Viking Press. French, German and Swiss editions. 1969: Man and Machine. Commissioned by IBM. French, German, Italian and Spanish editions. 1970: France.Text by François Nourissier. London: Thames & Hudson. French and German editions. 1972: The Face of Asia. Introduction by Robert Shaplen. New York and Tokyo: John Weatherhill; Hong Kong: Orientations. French edition.1973: About Russia. London: Thames & Hudson. French, German and Swiss editions. 1976: <mask>-Bresson. Texts by Cartier-Bresson. History of Photography Series. History of Photography Series.French, German, Italian, Japanese and Italian editions. 1979: <mask> Photographer. Text by Yves Bonnefoy. New York: Bulfinch. French, English, German, Japanese and Italian editions. 1983: <mask>. Ritratti = <mask>.Portraits. Texts by André Pieyre de Mandiargues and Ferdinando Scianna, "I Grandi Fotografi". Milan: Gruppo Editoriale Fabbri. English and Spanish editions. 1985:
 <mask>-Bresson en Inde. Introduction by Satyajit Ray, photographs and notes by Cartier-Bresson. Text by Yves Véquaud.Paris: Centre national de la photographie. English edition. Photoportraits. Texts by André Pieyre de Mandiargues. London: Thames & Hudson. French and German editions. 1987:
 <mask>tier-Bresson.The Early Work. Texts by Peter

masks:
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartieron
Henri Cartierresson
Henri Cartieron
Henri Cartier
Henri Car


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Galassi. New York: Museum of Modern Art. French edition. <mask>-Bresson in India. Introduction by Satyajit Ray, photographs and notes by Cartier-Bresson, texts by Yves Véquaud. London: Thames & Hudson.French edition. 1989:
 L'Autre Chine. Introduction by Robert Guillain. Collection Photo Notes. Paris: Centre National de la Photographie. Line by Line. <mask>-Bresson’s drawings.Introduction by Jean Clair and John Russell. London: Thames & Hudson. French and German editions. 1991:
 America in Passing. Introduction by Gilles Mora. New York: Bulfinch. French, English, German, Italian, Portuguese and Danish editions.Alberto Giacometti photographié par <mask>-Bresson. Texts by Cartier-Bresson and Louis Clayeux. Milan: Franco Sciardelli. 1994:
 A propos de Paris. Texts by Véra Feyder and André Pieyre de Mandiargues. London: Thames & Hudson. French, German and Japanese editions.Double regard. Drawings and photographs. Texts by Jean Leymarie. Amiens: Le Nyctalope. French and English editions. Mexican Notebooks 1934–1964. Text by Carlos Fuentes.London: Thames & Hudson. French, Italian, and German editions. L'Art sans art. Text de Jean-Pierre Montier. Paris: Editions Flammarion. English, German and Italian editions. 1996: L'Imaginaire d'après nature.Text by Cartier-Bresson. Paris: Fata Morgana. German and English editions'
 1997: Europeans. Texts by Jean Clair. London: Thames & Hudson. French, German, Italian and Portuguese editions. 1998: Tête à tête.Texts by Ernst H. Gombrich. London: Thames & Hudson. French, German,

masks:
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Italian and Portuguese editions. 1999: The Mind's Eye. Text by Cartier-Bresson. New York: Aperture. French and German editions.1999: <mask>-Bresson: A Biography. Text by Pierre Assouline, translated by David Wilson. London: Thames and Hudson. 2001: Landscape Townscape. Texts by Erik Orsenna and Gérard Macé. London: Thames & Hudson. French, German and Italian editions.2003: The Man, the Image and the World. Texts by Philippe Arbaizar, Jean Clair, Claude Cookman, Robert Delpire, Jean Leymarie, Jean-Noel Jeanneney and Serge Toubiana. London: Thames & Hudson, 2003. German, French, Korean, Italian and Spanish editions. 2005:
<mask>-Bresson: The Mind's Eye: Writings on Photography and Photographers, Aperture; 1st edition. <mask>-Bresson: Masters of Photography Series, Aperture; Third edition. 2006: An Inner SIlence: The portraits of <mask>-Bresson, New York: Thames & Hudson.Texts by Agnès Sire and Jean-Luc Nancy. 2010: <mask>-Bresson: The Modern Century, The Museum of Modern Art, New York; Reprint edition. 2015: <mask>-Bresson: The Decisive Moment, Steidl; Pck Slp Ha edition. 2017: <mask>-Bresson Fotógrafo. Delpire. Filmography

Films directed by Cartier-Bresson
Cartier-Bresson was second assistant director to Jean Renoir in 1936 for La vie est à nous and Une partie de campagne, and in 1939 for La Règle du Jeu. 1937: Victoire de la vie.Documentary on the hospitals of Republican Spain: Running time: 49 minutes. Black and white. 1938:  L’Espagne Vivra. Documentary on the Spanish Civil War and the post-war period.

masks:
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Running time: 43 minutes and 32 seconds. Black and white. 1938 Avec la brigade Abraham Lincoln en Espagne, <mask>on ja Herbert Kline.Running time 21 minutes. Black and white. 1944–45: Le Retour. Documentary on prisoners of war and detainees. Running time: 32 minutes and 37 seconds. Black and white. 1969–70: Impressions of California.Running time: 23 minutes and 20 seconds. Color. 1969–70: Southern Exposures. Running time: 22 minutes and 25 seconds. Color. Films compiled from photographs by Cartier-Bresson

  1956: A Travers le Monde avec <mask>-Bresson. Directed by Jean-Marie Drot and <mask>-Bresson.Running time: 21 minutes. Black and white. 1963: Midlands at Play and at Work. Produced by ABC Television, London. Running time : 19 minutes. Black and white. 1963–65: Five fifteen-minute films on Germany for the Süddeutscher Rundfunk, Munich.1967: Flagrants délits. Directed by Robert Delpire. Original music score by Diego Masson. Delpire production, Paris. Running time: 22 minutes. Black and white. 1969: Québec vu par Cartier-Bresson / Le Québec as seen by Cartier-Bresson.Directed by Wolff Kœnig. Produced by the Canadian Film Board. Running time: 10 minutes. Black and white. 1970: Images de France. 1991: Contre l'oubli : Lettre à Mamadou Bâ, Mauritanie. Short film directed by Martine Franck for Amnesty International.Editing : Roger Ikhlef. Running time: 3 minutes. Black and white. 1992: <mask>-Bresson dessins et photos. Director: Annick Alexandre. Short film produced by FR3 Dijon, commentary by the artist.

masks:
Henri Cartierress
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Running time: 2 minutes and 33 seconds.Color. 1997: Série "100 photos du siècle": L'Araignée d'amour: broadcast by Arte. Produced by Capa Télévision. Running time: 6 minutes and 15 seconds. Color. Films about Cartier-Bresson
 "<mask>, point d'interrogation" by Sarah Moon, screened at Rencontres d'Arles festival in 1994
 <mask>-Bresson: L'amour Tout Court (70 mins, 2001. Interviews with Cartier-Bresson.)<mask>-Bresson: The Impassioned Eye (72 mins, 2006. Late interviews with Cartier-Bresson.) Exhibitions

 1933 Cercle Ateneo, Madrid
 1933 Julien Levy Gallery, New York
 1934 Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City (with Manuel Alvarez Bravo)
 1947 Museum of Modern Art, New York, Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Germany; Museum of Modern Art, Rome, Italy; Dean Gallery, Edinburgh; Museum of Modern Art, New York City; Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile
 1952 Institute of Contemporary Arts, London
 1955 Retrospektive – Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris
 1956   Photokina, Cologne, Germany
 1963 Photokina, Cologne, Germany
 1964 The Phillips Collection, Washington
 1965–1967 2nd retrospective, Tokyo, Musée des Arts Décoratifs, Paris, New York, London, Amsterdam, Rome, Zurich, Cologne and other cities. 1970 En France – Grand Palais, Paris. Later in the US, USSR, Australia and Japan
 1971 Les Rencontres d'Arles festival. Movies screened at Théatre Antique. 1972 Les Rencontres d'Arles festival."Flagrant Délit " (Production Delpire) screened at Théatre Antique. 1989 Chapelle de l'École des Beaux-Arts, Paris
 1989

masks:
Henri Cartieron
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, Switzerland (drawings and photographs)
 1989 Mannheimer Kunstverein, Mannheim, Germany (drawings and photography)
 1989 Printemps Ginza, Tokyo, Japan
 1990 Galerie Arnold Herstand, New York
 1991 Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taiwan (drawings and photographs)
 1992 Centro de Exposiciones, Saragossa and Logrono, Spain
 1992 Hommage à <mask>tier-Bresson – International Center of Photography, New York
 1992 L'Amérique – FNAC, Paris
 1992 Musée de Noyers-sur-Serein, France
 1992 Palazzo San Vitale, Parma, Italy
 1993 Photo Dessin – Dessin Photo, Arles, France
 1994  "<mask>-Bresson, point d'interrogation" by Sarah Moon screened at Rencontres d'Arles festival, France. 2015   Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico City
 2015   Ateneum, Helsinki
 2017 Leica Gallery, San Francisco. 2017 Museo Botero/Banco de la Republica, Bogota Colombia
 2018 International Center of Photography, New York

Collections
Cartier-Bresson's work is held in the following public collections:
 Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, France
 De Menil Collection, Houston, Texas, US
 Foundation Henri Cartier-Bresson, Paris, France
 University of Fine Arts, Osaka, Japan
 Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom
 Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris, France
 Musée Carnavalet, Paris, France
 Museum of Modern Art, New York City
 The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois, US
 Jeu de Paume, Paris, France
 J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles
 Institute for Contemporary Photography, New York City
 The Philadelphia

masks:
Henri Car
Henri Cartier


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Art Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
 The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, US
 Kahitsukan Kyoto Museum of Contemporary Art, Kyoto, Japan
 Museum of Modern Art, Tel Aviv, Israel
 Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
 International Photography Hall of Fame, St.Louis, Missouri

Awards
 1948: Overseas Press Club of America Award
 1953: The A.S.M.P. Award
 1954: Overseas Press Club of America Award
 1959: The Prix de la Société française de photographie
 1960: Overseas Press Club of America Award
 1964: Honorary Fellowship of the Royal Photographic Society
 1964: Overseas Press Club of America Award
 1967: The Cultural Award from the German Society for Photography (DGPh), with Edwin H. Land
 1981: Grand Prix National de la Photographie
 1982: Hasselblad Award
 2003: Lifetime Achievement Award from the Lucie Awards
 2006: Prix Nadar for the photobook Henri Cartier-Bresson: Scrapbook

References

Sources
 Assouline, P. (2005). Henri Cartier-Bresson: A Biography. London: Thames & Hudson.Galassi, Peter (2010). <mask>-Bresson: the Modern Century. London: Thames & Hudson. Montier, J. (1996). Portrait: First Sketch. <mask>-Bresson and the Artless Art (p. 12).New York: Bulfinch Press. Warren, J (2005), Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Routledge

External links

 Fondation <mask>tier-Bresson
 Cartier-Bresson's portfolio at Magnum Photos
 Magnum Photos
 Special Report: <mask>-Bresson (1908–2004) – by Eamonn McCabe in The Guardian

 Tête à Tête: Portraits by <mask>-Bresson at the National Portrait Gallery,

masks:
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier
Henri Car
Henri Cartier
Henri Cartier


title: Henri Cartier-Bresson

texts:
 Washington DC
 <mask>-Bresson at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY
 <mask>-Bresson (1908 – 2004): When photography becomes art
 "John Berger pays tribute to his good friend", in The Observer. <mask>-Bresson's Cats

1908 births
2004 deaths
20th-century French artists
20th-century photographers
French photographers
French photojournalists
Fine art photographers
Street photographers
Magnum photographers
Lycée Condorcet alumni
French Resistance members
French Army personnel of World War II
French escapees
French prisoners of war in World War II
Escapees from German detention
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
People from Seine-et-Marne
Photography in China
Photography in India
Photography in Indonesia
Photography in Russia
Photography in the Soviet Union
Humanist photographers
French expatriates in India
Yaddo


title: NaVorro Bowman

texts:
<mask> (born May 28, 1988) is a former American football linebacker who played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Penn State, and was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers in the third round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He has also played a season for the Oakland Raiders. Early years
<mask> was born in District Heights, Maryland on May 28, 1988. He started sports at a young age and was a member of District Heights boys and girls club, where he played both basketball and football and was invited to many All-star Events. <mask> was a standout player at Suitland High School in Suitland, Maryland. He missed most of his senior season with a shoulder injury, but he had a very impressive junior campaign in which he recorded 165 tackles, 9 sacks, and 3 fumble recoveries as a linebacker and ran for 1,200 yards and 22 touchdowns as a running back.He was named the Maryland Defensive Player-of-the-Year, first-team All-State, Washington Post first-team All-Met and first-team All-Conference. He was recruited to Penn State by Larry Johnson, Sr.

College career
<mask> played for the Penn State Nittany Lions football team while attending Pennsylvania State University from 2006 to 2009. After redshirting the 2006 season, <mask> played in nine games in 2007. He missed two games due to a sprained ankle suffered in a game against Illinois. He recorded 16 tackles, with a sack, a forced fumble, a fumble recovery, a blocked kick, and a pass breakup that season. <mask> saw increased playing time in 2008, largely due to the graduation of All-American linebacker Dan Connor and injury to presumptive starter Sean Lee. Despite the attrition, however, <mask> kept the Nittany Lions ranked in the top ten among three primary defensive categories.Individually, <mask> led the Nittany Lions in total tackles (106), solos (61), and assisted tackles (45), was second in tackles for loss (16.5) and tied for

masks:
NaVorro Roderick Bowman
Bowman
Bowman
Bowman
Bowman
Bowman
Bowman
Bowman


title: NaVorro Bowman

texts:
 third in sacks (4.0). He also forced two fumbles, recovered a fumble, grabbed an interception and had five pass breakups. His first start came in week four versus Temple. He recorded 11 tackles, including five tackles for loss and three sacks, a forced fumble and an interception in the 45-3 win and was named Big Ten Co-Defensive Player of the Week. He finished the season with a heavy heart and an outstanding performance. <mask> played against Southern California in the 2009 Rose Bowl one day after his high school coach, Nick Lynch, was killed in an automobile accident in Maryland. <mask> responded by breaking the school's bowl record with five tackles for loss (minus-21 yards), and tying the Rose Bowl record set by Ohio State's Andy Katzenmoyer in the 1997 game.He also recorded his fourth sack of the season among his eight tackles (seven solo) against the Trojans. For his superb efforts against USC, <mask> was selected to ESPN.com's 2008-09 All-Bowl team, one of two Big Ten players named to the squad. At season's end, he was named a first-team All-Big Ten selection. Awards and honors
 Maryland Defensive PoY (2005)
 Maryland All-State (2005)
 Washington Post All-Met (2005)
 Big Ten Defensive PoW (September 20, 2008), (November 14, 2009)
 All-Big Ten (2008)

Professional career
On January 4, 2010, <mask>'s mother announced his decision to forgo his final year of NCAA eligibility and enter the 2010 NFL Draft. San Francisco 49ers

2010 season: Rookie year
On the second day of the 2010 NFL Draft, <mask> was selected in the third round with the 91st overall pick by the San Francisco 49ers. <mask> played in all 16 games in 2010, starting one in place of Patrick Willis, who was ruled out for Week 17 after undergoing a second surgery on his broken right hand. <mask> finished his rookie year with 46 tackles.2011 season
In his second NFL season, <mask> became the starter at inside linebacker with the departure of

masks: Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman


title: NaVorro Bowman

texts:
 Takeo Spikes to free agency. Starting all 16 games and playing alongside All-Pro linebacker Patrick Willis, <mask> made huge strides and finished the year with 143 tackles, two sacks, eight pass deflections, and three fumble recoveries. In addition, he was also the team leader in tackles, while finishing second in the NFL in solo tackles. With the emergence in <mask>'s play, he helped a top-ranked 49ers defense set an NFL single-season record of not allowing a rushing touchdown for 14 games. The previous record was held by the 1920 Decatur Staleys, who did not allow a rushing touchdown in a 13-game season. The 49ers finished with a 13–3 record for an NFC West pennant but lost to the eventual Super Bowl champ New York Giants 17–20 in the NFC Championship Game in overtime. Although he was not voted to the Pro Bowl for his stellar season, he was named to the First-Team All-Pro by the Associated Press.He was also voted No. 85 on NFL Network's Top 100 Players of 2012, which recognizes performance from the previous season. 2012 season
In the season opener against the Packers, <mask> recorded his first career interception off Aaron Rodgers. his third season, <mask> and the 49ers appeared in Super Bowl XLVII. In the game, he had nine combined tackles as the 49ers fell to the Baltimore Ravens by a score of 31–34. 2013 season
For the third time, <mask> earned First-Team All-Pro honors and was fifth in the league in tackles with 145. On December 23, 2013, live on Monday Night Football, <mask> scored the last touchdown ever at Candlestick Park, intercepting a Matt Ryan pass and returning it 89 yards for a touchdown, sending the 49ers to the playoffs for the third consecutive season.For the 2013 season, <mask> made 16 starts with 145 tackles, five sacks, two interceptions, nine passes defended, six forced fumbles, and two fumble recoveries. <mask> and the 49ers finished the 2013 season with a 12–4 record. The 49ers


title: NaVorro Bowman

texts:
 defeated the Green Bay Packers 23–20 in the Wild Card round of the playoffs in which <mask> had 10 tackles, and a forced fumble. In the divisional round of the playoffs, they defeated the Carolina Panthers 23–10 behind a strong performance by <mask>, who recorded 11 tackles and 1 sack. San Francisco played the Seattle Seahawks in the NFC Championship Game, with the winner gaining the right to represent the conference in Super Bowl XLVIII. In the fourth quarter of that game, <mask> suffered a serious injury, tearing the ACL and MCL in his left knee. The 49ers went on to lose the game 23-17.2014 season
<mask>'s injury caused him to miss the entire 2014 season. 2015 season
In 2015, <mask> returned from his knee injury that had kept him out for the previous season. There was significant concern about his health going into 2015, but he started all 16 games for the 49ers. He finished the season with a career-high and league-leading 154 tackles, making his third Pro Bowl appearance and his fourth First-Team All-Pro appearance. He also accounted for 2.5 sacks and two passes defensed. He was ranked 61st on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. 2016 season
During a Week 4 game against the Dallas Cowboys, <mask> fell down, gripping the lower back end of his left foot.MRI tests later revealed that <mask> had a torn achilles tendon, causing him to miss the rest of the 2016 season. 2017 season
In Week 5 of the 2017 season, <mask> was benched for a few series, and later voiced his displeasure with the decision from the 23–26 overtime loss to the Indianapolis Colts. On October 13, 2017, <mask> was released from the 49ers at his request after the team was unable to trade him. Oakland Raiders
On October 16, 2017, <mask> signed a one-year, $3 million contract with the Oakland Raiders. During Week 12 against the Denver Broncos, <mask> intercepted a pass from quarterback Paxton Lynch in the end zone, giving the Raiders their first

masks: Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman


title: NaVorro Bowman

texts:
 interception of the year after not having one in their first 11 weeks under defensive coordinator Ken Norton Jr. The Raiders eventually won the game by a score of 21-14. Retirement
On June 4, 2019, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL and retired symbolically with the 49ers.NFL career statistics

Regular season

Postseason

"NaVorro Bowman Rule"
On the play which he suffered his season-ending injury, <mask> stripped Seahawks' wide receiver Jermaine Kearse of the ball near the goal line, and appeared to take over possession. However, the officials ruled the ball to be in possession of the Seahawks. Under the instant replay conditions at the time, the officials were not permitted to take a second look. On March 26, 2014, team owners approved a change that would allow the referees to review the recovery of a loose ball. A similar proposal to allow coaches to question any recovery using one of their challenges was voted down. Personal life
<mask> graduated with a degree in crime, law, and justice. <mask> speaks frequently by phone with former Nittany Lion linebacker LaVar Arrington.The two first met during Arrington's stint with the Washington Redskins, when <mask> was playing at nearby Suitland High School. This friendship, along with their similarity in playing styles, has earned <mask> the nickname "LaVorro". References

External links

San Francisco 49ers bio
Penn State Nittany Lions bio

1988 births
Living people
African-American players of American football
American football linebackers
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Oakland Raiders players
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
People from District Heights, Maryland
Players of American football from Maryland
Players of American football from Washington, D.C.
San Francisco 49ers players
Sportspeople from the Washington metropolitan area
Unconferenced Pro Bowl players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century

masks: Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman Bowman


title: Felix Salten

texts:
<mask> (; 6 September 1869 – 8 October 1945) was an Austro-Hungarian author and literary critic in Vienna. Life and death
<mask> was born Siegmund Salzmann on 6 September 1869 in Pest, Austria-Hungary. His father was Fülöp Salzmann, the telegraph office's clerk in Pest; his mother was Maria Singer. He was the grandson of an Orthodox rabbi. When he was four weeks old, his family relocated to Vienna, Austria, as many Jews did after the Imperial government had granted full citizenship rights to Jews in 1867. When his father went bankrupt, the sixteen-year-old <mask> quit school and began working for an insurance agency. He also began submitting poems and book reviews to journals.He became part of the "Young Vienna" movement (Jung-Wien) and soon received work as a full-time art and theater critic for Vienna's press (Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung, Zeit). In 1900, he published his first collection of short stories. In 1901, he initiated Vienna's first, short-lived literary cabaret Jung-Wiener Theater Zum lieben Augustin. He was soon publishing, on an average, one book a year, of plays, short stories, novels, travel books, and essay collections. He also wrote for nearly all the major newspapers of Vienna. In 1906, <mask> went to Ullstein as an editor in chief of the B.Z. am Mittag and the Berliner Morgenpost, but relocated to Vienna some months later.He wrote also film scripts and librettos for operettas. In 1927 he became president of the Austrian P.E.N. club as successor of Arthur Schnitzler. His best remembered work

masks:
Felix Salten
Salten
Salten
Salten


title: Felix Salten

texts:
 is Bambi (1923). It was intended by Salten as a parable of the dangers and persecution faced by Jews in Europe. A translation in English was published by Simon & Schuster in 1928, and became a Book-of-the-Month Club success. In 1933, he sold the film rights to the American director Sidney Franklin for only $1,000, and Franklin later transferred the rights to the Walt Disney studios, which formed the basis of the animated film, Bambi (1942).Life in Austria became perilous for Jews during the 1930s. In Germany, Adolf Hitler had <mask>'s books banned in 1936. Two years later, after Germany's annexation of Austria, <mask> moved to Zurich, Switzerland, with his wife, and spent his final years there. <mask> died on 8 October 1945, at the age of 76. He is buried at Israelitischer Friedhof Unterer Friesenberg. <mask> married actress Ottilie Metzl (1868–1942) in 1902, and had two children: Paul (1903–1937) and Anna Katharina (1904–1977), who married Swiss actor Hans Rehmann. He composed another book based on the character Bambi, titled Bambi’s Children: The Story of a Forest Family (1939).His stories Perri and The Hound of Florence inspired the Disney films Perri (1957) and The Shaggy Dog (1959), respectively. <mask> was himself an avid hunter. <mask> is now considered the probable author of a successful erotic novel, Josephine Mutzenbacher: The Life Story of a Viennese Whore, as Told by Herself published anonymously in 1906, filled with social criticism. Selected works

 1899 – Der Gemeine
 1906 – Josephine

masks:
Salten
Salten
Felix Salten
Salten
Salten
Salten


title: Felix Salten

texts:
 (Bobbs-Merrill); German original, Bambis Kinder: Eine Familie im Walde (1940)
 1940 – Renni the Rescuer
 1942 – A Forest World
 1945 – Djibi, the Kitten, illus. Walter Linsenmaier; U.S. transl., Jibby the Cat (Messner, 1948)

Selected filmography
 Doctor Schotte (1918)
 Modern Marriages (1924)
 Comedians (1925)
 Storm in a Water Glass (1931)
 Poor as a Church Mouse (1931)
 Scampolo (1932)
 The Empress and I (1933)
 The Only Girl (1933)
 Florian (1940)
 Bambi (1942)
 Perri (1957)
 The Shaggy Dog (1959)

See also
Exilliteratur
Fable
Salzmann

References

Sources
 Eddy, Beverley Driver: <mask>: Man of Many Faces. Riverside (Ca.): Ariadne Press, 2010. .
 Seibert, Ernst & Blumesberger, Susanne (eds. ): <mask> – der unbekannte Bekannte. Wien 2006. . External links

 <mask>: A Preliminary Bibliography of His Works in Translation. 1869 births
1945 deaths
20th-century Austrian novelists
20th-century German dramatists and playwrights
20th-century German male writers
Austrian children's writers
20th-century Austrian dramatists and playwrights
Austrian literary critics
Austrian male dramatists and playwrights
Austrian Zionists
Austro-Hungarian Jews
Austro-Hungarian writers
Exilliteratur writers
German male dramatists and playwrights
German male novelists
Hungarian refugees
Jewish novelists
Jewish emigrants from Austria after the Anschluss
Swiss people of Austrian descent
Writers from Budapest
Young Vienna
20th-century Austrian male writers
Austrian male novelists
20th-century Austrian

masks:
Felix Salten
Felix Salten
Felix Salten


title: Sharada Srinivasan

texts:
<mask> (born 16 January 1966) is an archaeologist specializing in the scientific study of art, archaeology, archaemetallurgy and culture. She is associated with the National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India, and an Honorary University Fellow at the University of Exeter, UK. Srinivasan is also an exponent of classical Bharata Natyam dance. She was awarded India's fourth highest civilian award the Padma Shri in 2019. Early life and education
The younger of two siblings, <mask> was born on 16 January 1966 in Bangalore to M. R<mask> and <mask>. Her father is an Indian nuclear scientist and mechanical engineer and her mother is nature conservationist and a wild life activist. <mask> received her Higher Secondary Certificate from Jai Hind College, Mumbai in 1983 and obtained her BTech from the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay in 1987.In 1986, <mask> along with four IIT batchmates codirected, acted in and choreographed for the English feature film, Nuclear Winter which won the Cannes Award in the Special Category for 1988. The movie was produced by Homi Sethna and directed by Zul Vellani. The starcast included Vijay Crishna and Mishu Vellani. The movie was shot in the IIT Powai campus and marked the launch of a successful dance career for Sharda. After completing her master's degree at the University of London in 1989, she continued to research South Indian bronze sculptures during her PhD at University College London, which she completed in 1996. Career
<mask> <mask> is a Professor in the Programme of Heritage and Society in the School of Humanities at the National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore, India since 2012. Srinivasan started her journey as NIAS as a Fellow (2004-2006), became Assistant Professor in 2006 and served in the role till 2012.She is first author of the book 'India's Legendary Wootz Steel: An advanced material of the ancient world'. Prof. <mask> <mask> is a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and World Academy of Art and Science.

masks:
Sharada Srinivasan
Srinivasan
. Srinivasan
Geetha Srinivasan
Sharada
Sharada
Sharada
Srinivasan
Sharada
Srinivasan


title: Sharada Srinivasan

texts:
 <mask> was awarded a Homi Bhabha Fellowship, during which time she visited the UK and USA as a visiting scholar at the Smithsonian, the Conservation Analytical Laboratory, Museum of Applied Sciences Centre for Archaeology (MASCA), University of Pennsylvania, Conservation Analytical Laboratory, Smithsonian & Conservation Department, Freer & Sackler Galleries, Smithsonian, and presented papers at a Conference on Indus Archaeology, University of Wisconsin Madison and The Cost Committee Meeting on Ion Beam analysis in Art and Archaeology at Oxford organised by European Commission. She was co-recipient (with Exeter University) of a British Council funded UKEIRI research awards (2009-2011), of a Royal Society-DST award, as well as an ongoing UKIERI-II Award related to developing joint PhD. Programmes in intangible histories including archaeology and performance studies. In 2009, <mask> co-chaired the seventh Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys (BUMA) international conference in Bangalore. The proceedings were published in 2015 in the volume Metals and Civilizations, of which <mask> was co-editor.Srinivasan was co-investigator on a 2010 UK India Education and Research Initiative (UKIERI) funded project with Professor S. Ranganathan and the University of Exeter's Dr Gill Juleff. The project was titled Pioneering Metallurgy: Origins of Steel Making in the Southern Indian Subcontinent. She undertook further research on technical evidence for high carbon steel by ancient crucible processes and ancient high-tin Bronzes and the surviving groups in Kerala for manufacture of high-tin bronze vessels and mirrors and lost wax casting. <mask> was recently featured in this site Trowel blazers of University College London on women archaeologists. Dance
In the International Year of Astronomy photo-montage exhibition 'Danse e-Toile: Nataraja et le Cosmos' curated by <mask> <mask>, scientist-dancer is featured at Alliance Française Bangalore Atrium. It explores cosmic sensibilities and the art, metallurgy and

masks: Srinivasan Srinivasan Srinivasan Sharada Sharada Srinivasan


title: Sharada Srinivasan

texts:
 science of the Nataraja bronze and from the evocative lens of both the Bharata Natyam and French contemporary dance forms. It will be at Cité De L'Espace, Toulouse for the Festival La Novela as a prelude to an internet-streamed dance event between <mask> <mask> and K.Danse, France.She is also a performing artist specialising in the South Indian classical dance of Bharatanatyam. She has performed and lectured at the Royal Asiatic Society, the Royal Academy of Arts, for the Chola exhibition, the International Academy of Astronautics, the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, INTACH-Belgium, Nehru Centre, London, China Conservatory of Music, National History of Science Seminar, Hyderabad, University of Toyoma, Japan and others. She had a photo-exhibition in June 2008 at Alliance Française Bangalore entitled 'Cosmic Dance of Shiva' on art-science-dance perspectives related to South Indian bronzes and the Nataraja. Danse e-Toile: Nata-raja et le Cosmos (Dance of stars: Nataraja and the Cosmos) was the first ever live, internet-streamed interactive dance and music programme between India and Europe. The event was held in Bangalore on 17 October 2009 as part of the celebration of the International Year of Astronomy 2009. What made it more noteworthy were the creative choreography and the amazing synthesis of art, science and advanced technology. <mask> Srinivasan was conferred with the Dr. Kalpana Chawla State Award for Women Scientists 2011 instituted by the Government of Karnataka.Honors
 Dr. Kalpana Chawla State Award for Women Scientists 2011. Chairperson, Regional Sessions, Indian subcontinent, World of Iron Conference, London; 16–20 February 2009. 'Les pierre chantantes' 28 Feb 2009, a classical south Indian dance performance and talk on the theme of the stone 'musical' pillars in some south Indian temples such as Hampi and the scientific and artistic aspects by <mask> <mask> in Haber Poche, France. Materials Research Society of India Medal 2006
 Malti B. Nagar Ethnoarchaeology

masks: Sharada Srinivasan Sharada Sharada Srinivasan


title: Sharada Srinivasan

texts:
 Award
 Indian representative for project for UNESCO Chair in History of Science
 Member, International Committee, Conference of Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys
 Junior Research Fellow, Ministry of Culture (1999–2000)
 Forbes Fellowship 1999
 Post-Doctoral Smithsonian Fellowship ( April 1999– September 1999)
 Materials Research Society Graduate Student Award 1996
 Homi Bhabha Fellowship (1996–98)
 Petrie Award (1989)
 JN Tata Endowment(1988)

Publications
 Complete listing of publications

Quotes
 ...Talking about cosmic dance she said: "It is a metaphor of movement. There is also a personal metaphor – creation emerging out of destruction. I use the dance of the cosmos or the dance of science to discover aspects of ancient art that art historians have not been able to find .. ...There are fascinating interfaces between art and science.I returned to dance because of science. Dance injects an element of normalcy where I can enjoy contact with human emotions while science has an alienating quality. Bharatanatya is liberating and constricting at the same time because of its set forms and structure. I would have found it very limiting had it not been for science. Now I see the dance form as an element of movement of art forms..
 ...Capra was certainly not the first in portraying the Nataraja as a universal metaphor for the interface between science,spirituality, dance and art. But he definitely helped the idea to catch on. ...There is also something a bit Jungian in the Nataraja imagery that it somehow holds out a positive message of hope for coming to terms with loss through artistic endeavours or through acts of dedication.References

External links
 Kalpana Chawla State Award for Women Scientists 2011, Government of Karnataka
 Video : Danse e-toile: Nataraja et le cosmos' between <mask> <mask> and K.Danse, France
 Breaking art-science divide – The Hindu Article
 Doing the Cosmic Tango – Interview
 NIAS Faculty Home page
 Leonardo Electronic Directory
 <mask> Srinivasan's article The Sacred

masks: Sharada Srinivasan Sharada


title: Sharada Srinivasan

texts:
 and the Sensuous
 Feature article on <mask> Srinivasan in the leading english news paper The Hindu
 Rhythm Divine – Sharada on Nataraja and Metaphysics – The Week, April1, 2007
 <mask> Srinivasan performs Bharatanatyam At international conference on Southeast Asian Archaeology 1 September 2008 Leiden, Holland
 Heritage: The Nataraja catapulted onto the global stage form sacred environs
 "Wootz steel: an advanced material of the ancient world", in Iron & Steel Heritage of India
 Heritage: Kerala's mirror gets patent protection. The Week Sept 12, 66–8
 "Metallurgical Heritage of India" in Golden Jubilee Souvenir, Indian Institute of Science, pp. 29–36. Bangalore

 Textures of wootz: technocultural insights on steel, cast iron and ferrous metals from south Indian antiquity
 Cosmic Ball- The Week, 8 Nov 2009
 A photo-montage and a multimedia exhibition is currently on display at the Alliance Francaise – Deccan Herald Report
 YouTube video on Casting Nataraja and Metal Images at Swamimalai, Tanjavur district, Southern India, narrated by <mask> Srinivasan and shot by Peter Vemming, Middelaldercentret, Denmark
 Video of Bharata Natyam dance performance by <mask> Srinivasan of Mahadeva Shiva Shambho, at the event and exhibition 'Cosmic Dance of Siva' at Alliance Francaise, Bangalore, June 2008, video by Rakesh and Digvijay Mallah
 Video Danse et percussions. Sharada Srinivasan et Sébastien Sauvage ont réalisés une performance musicale et danse baratha natyam
 Pierres Chantantes Video
 Interview with Sharada on Nataraja bronze Video

Indian women archaeologists
Indian art historians
Living people
IIT Bombay alumni
Indian women historians
20th-century Indian archaeologists
20th-century Indian women scientists
20th-century Indian women writers
20th-century Indian writers
Indian women science writers
Indian social sciences writers
21st-century Indian archaeologists
21st-century Indian women scientists
21st-century Indian women writers
21st-century Indian writers
Recipients of the Padma Shri in other

masks: Sharada Sharada Sharada Sharada


title: Stella McCartney

texts:
<mask>  (born 13 September 1971) is an English fashion designer. She is a daughter of English singer-songwriter Sir <mask> and the late <mask>, an American photographer and animals rights activist. Like her parents, <mask> is a firm supporter of animal rights, environmentalism and is particularly known for her use of vegetarian and animal-free alternatives in her work. Early life
<mask> was born on 13 September 1971 by Caesarean section at King's College Hospital in Camberwell, London. She is named after her maternal great-grandmothers (both of Linda's grandmothers were named <mask>). Her mother was Jewish. As a girl, <mask> travelled the globe with her parents and their group Wings, along with her siblings: older half-sister Heather (who was legally adopted by ex-Beatle Paul), older sister Mary, and younger brother James.According to her father, the name of Wings was inspired by <mask>'s difficult delivery. As his daughter was being born by emergency caesarean section, Paul sat outside the operating room and prayed that she be born 'on the wings of an angel'. Despite their fame, the <mask>s wanted their children to lead as normal a life as possible, so <mask> and her siblings attended local state schools in East Sussex, one of them being Bexhill College. <mask> has said that while attending state school, she was a victim of bullying yet had been a bully herself. Career

Beginning
<mask> became interested in designing clothes as a youth. At the age of 13, she designed her first jacket. Three years later, she interned for Christian Lacroix, working on her first haute couture collection, honing her skills working for Edward Sexton (her father's Savile Row tailor) for a number of years.<mask> studied her foundation at Ravensbourne College of Design and Communication, followed by Fashion Design at Central Saint Martins in the early 1990s, graduating in 1995. Her graduation collection was modelled for free by friends and supermodels Naomi Campbell, Yasmin Le Bon and Kate Moss, at the graduation runway show, presented to a song

masks:
Stella Nina McCartney
Paul McCartney
Linda McCartney
McCartney
McCartney
Stella
McCartney
Stella
McCartney
Stella
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney


title: Stella McCartney

texts:
 especially written by her father, "Stella May Day". A lifelong vegetarian, <mask> uses no leather or fur in her designs. The Guardian described her in 2015 as a 'consistent and vocal' supporter of animal rights. Some of <mask>'s designs have text that elaborates on her 'no animal' policy; one of her Adidas jackets carries a sleeve that says 'suitable for sporty vegetarians'. A pair of her vinyl and ultrasuede boots were marketed specifically as vegan-friendly, though her use of oil-based synthetics still raised ecological concerns. Rise to prominence
In 1997, <mask> was named as the creative director of Chloé, a position she held until 2001.In 2001, <mask> launched a fashion house under her name, in a joint venture with Gucci Group (now Kering), and presented her first collection in Paris. She now operates 51 freestanding stores in Manhattan's Soho, London's Mayfair, LA's West Hollywood, Paris's Palais Royal, Barcelona's Passeig de Gracia, Milan, Rome, Miami and Houston, among other locations. In 2003, <mask> launched her first perfume, <mask>. In January 2007, she launched a 100% organic skincare line, CARE, which includes seven products, from a cleansing milk made with lemon balm and apricot, to green tea and linden blossom floral water. In 2008, <mask> launched a new lingerie line. In November 2010, the Stella McCartney Kids collection was launched for newborns and children up to age 12. In June 2012, <mask> invited the Soul Rebels Brass Band to perform at her 2013 spring fashion presentation at the New York Marble Cemetery in New York City.Other guests invited to the party included Anne Hathaway, Jim Carrey, Anna Wintour, Annie Leibovitz, Lauren Hutton, Amy Poehler, Solange Knowles, P'Trique, Greta Gerwig and André Leon Talley. Also in 2012, <mask> was part of The Sustainable Fashion Handbook. In November 2016, <mask> launched her first menswear collection, made up of many athleisure, pyjama-like casual outfits. She said her father and comedian Jethro inspired the collection. In April 2018, after 17 years of partnership with

masks: McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney Stella McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney


title: Stella McCartney

texts:
 Kering, <mask> purchased its stake in her company and took full control of her global fashion empire. The following year, she signed a strategic partnership with LVMH. She designed the wedding reception dress worn by Meghan Markle, and later created 46 replicas of it (23 in lily white and 23 in onyx black) for her "Made With Love" capsule collection, each priced at £3,500.On 15 October 2018, <mask> announced the launch of the Stella McCartney Cares Foundation, a charity dedicated to breast cancer. (She lost her mother to the disease in 1998.) The charity will donate 1,000 of the brand's Louis Listening post-operative mastectomy compression bras to women undergoing breast cancer treatment. On 21 November 2021, McCarney, launched "The Beatles: Get Back" a collection inspired by the legendary Beatles band

Collaborations

<mask> launched a joint-venture line with Adidas, establishing a long-term partnership with the corporation in September 2004. This was a sports performance collection for women. In January 2010, <mask> announced she would be collaborating with Disney to create a jewellery collection inspired by Alice in Wonderland. In July of the same year, together with People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and eco-designer Atom Cianfarani, <mask> worked to petition the British Ministry of Defence to cease the use of Canadian Black Bears as the fur for their guards' hats; the military is yet to make the change.In July 2011, <mask> participated at the catwalk of The Brandery fashion show in Barcelona. In December 2018, <mask> announced the launch of a new fashion industry charter for climate action, in collaboration with the United Nations, to help fashion companies welcome sustainable business practices. In August 2019, American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift teamed up with <mask> to release a fashion line inspired by Swift's seventh studio album Lover, the project carrying the title "Stella X Taylor Swift". Team GB
In September 2010, <mask> was appointed Team GB's Creative Director for the 2012 Olympics by Adidas —

masks: McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney


title: Stella McCartney

texts:
 the first time in the games' history that a leading fashion designer designed the apparel for a country's team across all competitions for both the Olympic and the Paralympic Games. In March 2012, the Team GB kit was publicly displayed. <mask> continued in this role for the 2016 Summer Olympics. Awards and media
<mask> received the VH1/Vogue Designer of the Year award in 2000 in New York.Her father Paul presented the award to her; she thanked him in her acceptance speech and dedicated the award to her late mother Linda. This was followed by the Woman of Courage Award for work against cancer at the prestigious Unforgettable Evening event (2003, Los Angeles), the Glamour Award for Best Designer of the Year (2004, London), the Star Honoree at the Fashion Group International Night of the Stars (2004, New York), the Organic Style Woman of the Year Award (2005, New York), the Elle Style Award for Best Designer of the Year Award (2007, London), Best Designer of the Year at the British Style Awards (2007, London), Best Designer of The Year at the Spanish Elle Awards (2008, Barcelona), and the Green Designer of the Year at the ACE Awards (2008, New York). In 2009, she was honoured by the NRDC, featured in the Time 100 and recognised as Glamour Woman of the Year. In November 2011, she was presented with the Red Carpet Award by the British Fashion Council; and in the 2013 New Year Honours, she was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to fashion. In 2012, <mask> was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his artwork – the album cover for The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band – to celebrate the British cultural figures of his life that he most admires. In February 2013 she was assessed as one of the 100 most powerful women in the United Kingdom by Woman's Hour on BBC Radio 4.In June 2017, <mask> was the guest for BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. Her choices included "Road to Nowhere" by Talking Heads and "Blackbird" by the Beatles.

masks: McCartney McCartney McCartney McCartney


title: Stella McCartney

texts:
 Her favourite was "God Only Knows" by the Beach Boys. She would later receive the Special Recognition Award for Innovation at the 2017 Fashion Awards

Personal life
<mask> married British publisher Alasdhair Willis on 30 August 2003 at Mount Stuart House on the Isle of Bute. Her wedding dress was an updated version of her mother's wedding dress from 1969. Willis works as creative director of shoewear brand Hunter Boot Ltd. In 2015, he was named one of GQs 50 best-dressed British men.<mask> and Willis have four children: sons Miller Alasdhair James Willis (born 2005) and Beckett Robert Lee Willis (born 2008) and daughters Bailey Linda Olwyn Willis (born 2006) and Reiley Dilys <mask> (born 2010). <mask> has a younger half-sister, Beatrice Milly <mask>, born on 28 October 2003 to her father and his second wife, Heather Mills. In 2018, <mask> said: "When my mum died, Dad, my brother and I went to see the Maharishi... I had quite a reaction that I didn't feel in control of. I possibly suppressed my emotions and I started having panic attacks, physical reactions to that loss." She said that transcendental meditation made an almost instantaneous difference in her ability to cope. "It really did help me at a time when I really needed some help...I didn't want to part with money for it. But, you know, it's probably the best investment I ever made." See also
 List of animal rights advocates

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
21st-century English businesspeople
21st-century English businesswomen
Adidas people
Alumni of Central Saint Martins
Alumni of Ravensbourne University London
British women fashion designers
Daughters of knights
English animal rights activists
English businesspeople in fashion
English fashion designers
English people of American descent
English people of German-Jewish descent
English people of Irish descent
English people of Russian-Jewish descent
English women activists
High fashion brands
Jewish fashion designers
Stella
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People from Camberwell
People from

masks:
McCartney
McCartney
Stella Willis
McCartney
McCartney
McCartney


title: Margaret Starbird

texts:
<mask> (born June 18, 1942) is the author of seven books arguing for the existence of a secret Christian tradition that held Jesus was married to Mary Magdalene, calling it the "Grail heresy", after having set out to discredit the bloodline hypothesis contained in The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail. Career
<mask> holds Bachelor of Arts (1963) and Master of Arts (1966) degrees from the University of Maryland, College Park, where she majored in medieval studies, comparative literature and German language. During her graduate studies, <mask> taught German courses at the University of Maryland. Then from 1969 to 1970, <mask> taught foreign language courses at North Carolina State University. From 1988 to 1989, <mask> took classes at Vanderbilt Divinity School, later teaching religious education and Scripture in Catholic parishes. <mask> was a basic skills instructor at Central Texas College's extension program at the Fort Lewis military base in Tacoma, Washington from 1992 to 2004. Works and beliefs
In her 1993 book The Woman with the Alabaster Jar: Mary Magdalen and the Holy Grail, <mask> developed the hypothesis that Saint Sarah was the daughter of Jesus and Mary Magdalen and that this was the source of the legend associated with the cult at Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer.She also claimed that the name "Sarah" meant "Princess" in Hebrew, thus making her the forgotten child of the "sang réal", the blood royal of the King of the Jews. Her works contain many references to ancient alphanumeric codes known as Hebrew Gematria and Greek Isopsephy. She also exposes secrets encoded in classical art. <mask> believes that the patriarchal Roman Catholic church suppressed the veneration and devotion of the sacred feminine, leading to an unbalanced spirituality in mainstream

masks:
Margaret Leonard Starbird
Starbird
Starbird
Starbird
Starbird
Starbird
Margaret Starbird
Starbird


title: Margaret Starbird

texts:
 Christianity. <mask> has outlined her conviction that "Christianity at its inception included the celebration of the Hieros gamos ("holy wedding") of opposites, a model incarnate in the archetypal bridegroom and his bride – Jesus the Christ and the woman called "the Magdalen". This model of unity, tragically lost in the cradle of Christianity, is patterned on the fundamental blueprint for life on our planet, and manifested in the leadership role played by certain women in the community of Jesus' first followers." <mask> claims this sacred partnership was the same as that which existed in other regions of the Near East that predated Christianity, comparable to the cults of Inanna and Dummuzi, Ishtar and Tammuz – being part of a fertility cult that brought well being to its people.This marriage honored "the cosmic dance of masculine and feminine energies and the eternal cycles manifested by the Life Force", with Mary Magdalene designated the "Queen of Heaven". <mask> does not believe that Mary Magdalen originated from the town of Magdala, saying it was originally named Taricheae in biblical times before its destruction in AD 67, and when rebuilt after the death of Mary Magdalen was renamed "Magdala". Personal life
Born <mask> in West Point, New York, <mask> married Army Colonel <mask> in 1968. They had five children, including computer scientist and former professional basketball player <mask>. <mask>'s father was Army Major General Charles Leonard, who won a Silver Medal in the modern pentathlon at the 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin, Germany. Criticism

Although <mask>'s works have very little mention of a continuing sacred bloodline of descendants of Jesus and Mary Magdalen which is also a significant portion of the premises behind such books as The Holy

masks:
Margaret Starbird
Starbird
Starbird
Margaret Leonard
Starbird
Edward Starbird
Kate Starbird
Margaret Starbird
Starbird


title: Margaret Starbird

texts: Blood and the Holy Grail, she did state in The Woman With the Alabaster Jar that "there is evidence to suggest that the royal bloodline of Jesus and Mary Magdalen eventually flowed in the veins of the Merovingian monarchs of France", and mistakenly claimed that the fleur-de-lys was the royal emblem of Clovis I (c. 466-511) and the "heraldic emblem of the Merovingian bloodline" – the symbol was a "Capetian innovation, first employed by Robert II of France before the science of heraldry even existed." An anonymous twelfth century poem about the Battle of Tolbiac (c.496) first claimed that Clovis replaced his toad-covered buckler with the fleur-de-lys.Starbird's theories have been criticized for being based on medieval lore and art, rather than on historical treatment of the Bible. Both Darrell Bock and Bart D. Ehrman have claimed that "There is no reference to Jesus' marriage or a wife in the Four Gospels" and, "There is no reference to Jesus' marriage or a wife in any other early Christian writing". <mask>'s interpretation of the Gnostic Gospels as suggesting an amorous relationship between Jesus and Mary Magdalen is not widely accepted amongst Biblical scholars or skeptics. The (non-canonical) Gospel of Philip states that Mary Magdalen was Jesus' "companion", that Jesus "loved her more than all his disciples", and that he "often kissed her on her [...]". The paragraph concerned describes Mary Magdalene as "barren" and being "the mother of the angels"; one scholar observed that the Gospel of Philip goes so far as to say "that marital relations defile a woman.". Likewise, <mask> has claimed that the medieval Cathars believed Jesus was married to Mary Magdelen, through an interpretation of the Major Arcana of the Tarot, but this is also disputed. Even if one were

masks: Starbird Starbird


title: Margaret Starbird

texts:
 to acknowledge <mask>'s interpretation of these, critics of The Da Vinci Code such as Robert M. Price have countered that no institutional continuity exists between 2nd century Gnostics and medieval Cathars, nor between the Cathars and the Knights Templar as works such as The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail have suggested.Works
The Woman with the Alabaster Jar: Mary Magdalen and the Holy Grail (Bear & Co, 1993). The Goddess in the Gospels: Reclaiming the Sacred Feminine (Bear & Co, 1998). The Tarot Trumps and the Holy Grail: Great Secrets of the Middle Ages (Bear & Co, 2000). Magdalene’s Lost Legacy: Symbolic Numbers and the Sacred Union in Christianity (Bear & Co, 2003). The Feminine Face of Christianity (Godsfield Press Ltd., UK, 2003). Mary Magdalene, Bride in Exile (Bear & Co, 2005). Co-authored with Joan Norton
 14 Steps to Awaken the Sacred Feminine: Women in the Circle of Mary Magdalene (Bear & Co, 2009).Documentary About
 <mask>'s work is the main subject in the National Geographic TV series "Ancient X Files"  in Season 2, Episode 10 "The Mystery of Mary Magdelene" originally broadcast 3 July 2012 on the National Geographic Channel in the UK. In popular culture
<mask>'s works along with those of Lynn Picknett, Michael Baigent, Henry Lincoln, and others were highly influential upon Dan Brown's bestselling novel, The Da Vinci Code and are directly mentioned in that work. See also
Jesus bloodline
The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
American women writers
Pseudohistorians
North Carolina State University alumni
People from West Point, New York
People from Steilacoom, Washington
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
People from Tacoma, Washington
21st-century

masks:
Starbird
Margaret Starbird
Starbird


title: Bob Johnson (ice hockey, born 1931)

texts:
Robert Norman "Badger <mask>" <mask> (March 4, 1931 – November 26, 1991) was an American college, international, and professional ice hockey coach. He coached the Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey team from 1966 to 1982, where he led the Badgers to seven appearances at the NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championships, including three titles. During his time as the head coach at Wisconsin, <mask> also coached the United States men's national ice hockey team at the 1976 Winter Olympics and seven other major championships, including the Canada Cup and IIHF World Championships. He then coached the Calgary Flames for five seasons that included a Stanley Cup Finals loss in 1986. <mask> achieved the peak of his professional coaching career in his only season as coach of the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1990–91, when the Penguins won the 1991 Stanley Cup Finals, becoming the second American-born coach to win it and the first in 53 years. In August 1991, following hospitalization due to a brain aneurysm, <mask> was diagnosed with brain cancer. He died on November 26 of the same year.<mask> was well known amongst players and fans for his enthusiasm and unflappable optimism, immortalized through his famous catchphrase "It's a great day for hockey!" . Youth and amateur coaching career

<mask> was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He attended Minneapolis Central High School and the University of Minnesota, where he played hockey under legendary coach John Mariucci. After serving as a medic during the Korean War, <mask> began his coaching career. In 1956, he and Ken Johannson were hired by Warroad High School as teachers and coaches of the boy's hockey team. They had previously been roommates at the University of North Dakota, and neither knew the other was hired

masks: Bob Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Bob Johnson (ice hockey, born 1931)

texts:
 to run the team. He later coached hockey at Roosevelt High School in Minneapolis.He would teach his history class using a hockey stick as a pointer to the chalkboard. <mask> became the head hockey coach at Colorado College in 1963. In 1966, <mask> moved to the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he was head coach until 1982. He led the Badgers to seven NCAA tournaments, winning three championships in 1973, 1977, and 1981. It was at Wisconsin where <mask> earned the nickname, "Badger <mask>." <mask> also coached the 1976 Winter Olympic hockey team, the 1981, 1984, and 1987 U.S. teams in the Canada Cup tournament, and the 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1981 U.S. national teams. NHL coaching career
In 1982, <mask> began his National Hockey League career when he became the head coach of the Calgary Flames, a position he held for five seasons.In the 1985–86 season, he coached the Flames to the Stanley Cup Finals, where they lost 4 games to 1 to the Montreal Canadiens. From 1987 until 1990, he served as the President of USA Hockey. Then in 1990, he was named the head coach of the Pittsburgh Penguins. In his first season, he coached the team, which was led by superstar Mario Lemieux, to a 1991 Stanley Cup Finals championship victory over the Minnesota North Stars, four games to two. That would be his only season coaching the Penguins. Brain cancer and death
In August 1991, as he was preparing the U.S. team for the upcoming Canada Cup tournament, <mask> suffered a brain aneurysm and was hospitalized, where he was diagnosed with brain cancer. He was then flown on a private plane to Colorado with Dr. Dan Thompson of Mercy Hospital in Pittsburgh.He began treatment and turned the day-to-day supervision of the Penguins over to his three assistant

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Bob Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Bob Johnson (ice hockey, born 1931)

texts: coaches and Scotty Bowman, the team's director of player development and recruitment, who was named interim head coach. Though the team was "coached by committee", <mask> continued to oversee them from his hospital room by way of videotape and remained in contact by fax machine. On November 26, 1991, <mask> died of brain cancer in Colorado Springs, Colorado. After his death, his catchphrase was emblazoned on a banner hanging over the ice at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and was painted at the bluelines on the ice in Pittsburgh's Civic Arena. In memoriam, it remained on the ice there for the remainder of the season. In addition, Penguins players would wear a patch on the left sleeve of their jerseys with the word "BADGER" under his birth and death years. Pittsburgh also put his name on the Stanley Cup a second time after their second straight Cup victory in ."He's such a tremendous person...We would like to win it again for him," said Mark Recchi, a member of the team in 1991. At the team's 1992 victory celebration at Three Rivers Stadium in Pittsburgh, Bowman's first remark was that "the coach of the Pittsburgh Penguins will always be – <mask>". The team used "A Great Day For Hockey" as their marketing slogan for the 2008–09 season. On June 12, 2009, exactly 19 years to the day of <mask>'s hiring, the Pittsburgh Penguins won their third Stanley Cup. Furthermore, the Penguins won their fourth Stanley Cup, 26 years to the day that <mask> was hired, on June 12, 2016. "A Great Day For Hockey" now adorns the entrance of the PPG Paints Arena, the current home arena of the Penguins. At the time of his death <mask>'s 234 NHL victories were a record for an American born coach.Dan Bylsma, John Tortorella, Peter Laviolette and  Mike

masks:
Johnson
Johnson
Bob Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Bob Johnson (ice hockey, born 1931)

texts:
 Sullivan have since eclipsed this mark. Head coaching record

College

NHL

Honors

<mask> was inducted into the Wisconsin Hockey Hall of Fame in 1987, United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1991, and the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1992. He was elected to the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1993. On November 2, 2012, the Wisconsin Badgers Men's Hockey team dedicated their home ice rink to <mask>, dubbing it "<mask> Rink". Personal life

<mask> is also the father of 1980 Olympic hockey gold medalist and current Wisconsin women's hockey coach <mask> and former Wisconsin assistant coach and Toronto Maple Leafs scout <mask>. He is the grandfather of former Wisconsin hockey player <mask>, former Denver Pioneer hockey player Scott McConnell, Augsburg College men's assistant hockey coach <mask>, and women's hockey player <mask>. See also
 List of members of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame
 List of members of the Hockey Hall of Fame
 List of notable brain tumor patients
 Notable families in the NHL

References

External links

Pittsburgh media coverage of tributes for <mask>

1931 births
1991 deaths
American ice hockey coaches
American men's ice hockey forwards
Calgary Flames coaches
Colorado College Tigers men's ice hockey coaches
Deaths from brain tumor
Deaths from cancer in Colorado
Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
Ice hockey players from Minneapolis
Ice hockey coaches from Minnesota
Lester Patrick Trophy recipients
Minnesota Golden Gophers men's ice hockey players
Neurological disease deaths in Colorado
Pittsburgh Penguins coaches
Stanley Cup champions
Stanley Cup championship-winning head coaches
United States Hockey Hall of Fame inductees
USA Hockey
Warroad Lakers players
Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey coaches
Sports coaches from

masks:
Johnson
Johnson
Bob Johnson
Johnson
Mark Johnson
Peter Johnson
Patrick Johnson
Chris Johnson
Megan Johnson
Johnson


title: Abdullah Khan II

texts:
<mask> (<mask>g) (1533/4–1598), known as "The old <mask>id Khan of Bukhara from 1583 until his death. <mask> initiated a war with Iran which lasted from 1587 to 1598. He was able to focus on this thanks to a non-aggression pact with the Mughal emperor, Akbar, through which <mask> recognized Akbar's right to rule in the territory of Kabul. During the reign of <mask>, Bukhara was also diplomatically hostile to the khan of Yarkand, <mask>. Biography
<mask> was born in 1533 or 1534, in the town of Afarinkent, Samarkand Province. The ascent to the throne

After the death of Abdulaziz Shaybanid was a struggle for the throne.<mask>, who ruled Samarkand, sought to rule Bukhara through his two grandchildren: Shaibani <mask>r Muhammad Sultan and Burhan-Sultan. However, after the death of Abdullatif <mask> in 1551, Barak <mask>, who ruled Tashkent,  took Samarkand and established himself as ruler there under the name of Newroz <mask>. He was declared the supreme khan of the Uzbeks. Shaybanidov <mask>, who was then governor of Kermine, led the resistance against Newroz <mask>. He was assisted by his uncle, the governor of Balkh, Pir <mask>. In 1556 Newroz Ahmad died. With his death, Pir <mask> was proclaimed the supreme ruler of the Uzbeks.The struggle for the unification of the state

In 1557, <mask> captured Bukhara with the support of Sufi sheikhs and became its ruler. In 1561, he was bold enough to proclaim his father Iskander as supreme khan of the Uzbeks. He had previously ruled Kermine and Miankal. <mask>'s father was more interested in religious rites, so he entrusted the conduct of state affairs to his son <mask>. <mask> set out to combine all four of the Shaybanids: Bukhara, Samarkand, Tashkent and Balkh in one single state. This took

masks:
Abdullah Khan
Abdollah Khan Ozbe
Khanban
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdul Karim Khan
Abdullah Khan
Khan Abdullatif
Khan Ya
Khan
Khan
Ahmed Khan
Abdullah Sultan
Ahmed Khan
Muhammad Khan
Muhammad Khan
Abdullah Sultan
Abdullah
Abdullah Sultan
Abdullah


title: Abdullah Khan II

texts:
 many years and it was only in 1582 that he was able to create a single state out of the four Shaybanids. To achieve unification, he had to fight a long war to take possession of Tashkent.He then took control of Fergana and in 1573 after a long siege took Balkh. In 1574, he attacked Karshi, Karshi and Hisar, adding to his possessions. In 1576, he fought off Samarkand and took Tashkent. In the service of the vassal <mask> were some Kazakh sultans: Sheehan and his son Tauekel. In 1582, <mask> made a trip to Dasht-i-Kipchak, Bobo <mask> killed and captured his fortress Shohruhiya Sairam and Ahangeran. In 1583, his son Abd al-Mumin captured and plundered Mashhad. In the same 1583, after the death of his father, <mask> was declared the Uzbeks and his state was called Bukhara khanate.<mask>'s monetary reform

<mask> II, in several stages, held a monetary reform. To redress the lack of silver metal and silver coins he is still with his father organized a regular production of gold coins and controlled their stamp in Bukhara, paying particular attention to maintaining a high standard. The reform of <mask> was primarily aimed at changing the course of silver coins in accordance with the rise in prices of silver. At a time when the formal head of the dynasty was still Iskandar <mask> (1560-1583), minted silver coins remained decentralized. However, with the name of Iskandar bind silver thong issued in Bukhara, Samarkand, Balkh, Tashkent, Andijan, and Ahsi Yasse (Turkestan). In 1583, <mask> made another monetary reform. The reform was centered around the capital, Bukhara (which minted silver thong).For everyday urban trade of consumer goods, <mask> forged copper coins that minted several advantages. The monetary reform <mask> II initiated was

masks:
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan


title: Abdullah Khan II

texts:
 successful, it eliminated the monetary crisis and suspended mass leakage outside the state. This reform was part of domestic politics, <mask> II, aimed to create the most favorable conditions for all types of trade: transit and intercity. Expanding the boundaries of the state

Combining the Shaybanid state had opened up new opportunities to expand its territorial boundaries. In 1584, <mask> seized Badakhshan. In 1588 he seized Khorasan. In the later period of his reign <mask> waged war for the conquest of Khorezm.In 1593-1594 the country was finally conquered by the troops without a fight. <mask> came to Khiva and their sultans were caught and executed. Soon soured relations with the Kazakh khans, who learned about the uprising against Abdulmumin. In 1598 <mask> made a trip to Tashkent. <mask>, who was forced to go to war with his own son Abdulmumin, prepared a new army, but died before the collision with the Kazakh Chinggisid. The Kazakhs would take advantage of the situation and take Turkestan, Tashkent, Samarkand and Andijan. However, they were unable to take Bukhara.Foreign policy

During the reign of <mask> the khanate maintained close diplomatic relations with the Mughal Empire And Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Russia. In a letter dated 1577 Akbar informed <mask> Uzbek about his intention to expel the Portuguese from India. Russian ties with Bukhara soured in the early 1580s due to their support for the Siberian Khan Kuchum. Tribal composition of troops

<mask>'s army consisted of a detachment of soldiers from various Uzbek tribes: Shirins, Utarchs, Bishyuzs, Jalairs, Keralas, Katagans, Tan-Yaruks, Alchins, Hitays, Bahrin, Naimans, Manghud, Kushchis, Arguns, Mings, Karluks, Kungrats, Tubais (tuvas), etc. Cultural

masks:
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah
Abdullah
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan


title: Abdullah Khan II

texts:
 policies

<mask> was not only a talented warrior, but also an outstanding statesman. He cared about strengthening Bukhara's trade ties abroad (especially with Russia and India) and paid great attention to the construction of monumental buildings - madrassahs and khanqahs, shopping malls and caravanserais, reservoirs and bridges. During the reign of <mask> <mask> (1557-1598) the architectural ensemble of the Kosh-Madrasah was erected in Bukhara.It consists of two opposing madrassas. First - madrassas Modari <mask>, built around 1567 in honor of his mother, <mask>, the second is the name of <mask> and was built between 1588 and 1590. <mask> was also a patron of education and a philanthropist. He surrounded himself with scholars, writers and chroniclers. Court poets and historians have praised him. Among the poets first place belonged Mushfiki - author laudatory odes, lyric poems and epigrams, he was also an able diplomat. On behalf of <mask> Mushfiki was grandiloquent labels for buildings.Court historian Hafiz Tanysh was a rich chronicle of facts "Abdullah-name". Literature continued to develop in Persian, Turkish and part in Arabic. According to the observation of Academician VV Bartold "historical literature when Uzbeks in quality and quantity was even higher than in the previous century." <mask> II himself wrote poems and left his legacy under the pseudonym "'Avaz Gazi". Death

After the death of <mask> in 1598 the throne passed to his son Abd al-Mumin, but was soon killed by the rebels. With the death of Abd al-Mumin the Shaybanid dynasty ended. <mask> was buried at the mausoleum of Bahauddin Naqshbandi near Bukhara.See also
Emirate of Bukhara
Russian Turkestan
Turkestan

References

Khanate of Bukhara
Ethnic Uzbek people
1533

masks:
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
II
Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah Khan
Abdullah
Abdullah Khan


title: Margaret Maher

texts:
<mask> (February 25, 1841 – May 3, 1924) was an Irish-American long-term domestic worker in the household of American poet Emily Dickinson. Early life in Ireland
<mask> was born on February 25, 1841, in Killusty, a townland in a region of County Tipperary, Ireland, known as the Golden Vale of the River Suir. <mask>'s father, <mask> ( – 1868), was a tenant farmer who married Mary Dunn (1798–1866), the daughter of Patrick Dunn and <mask>. Between 1826 and 1848 <mask>'s mother gave birth to nine children of whom four survived to adulthood: Mary (1828–1910), <mask> (1841–1924), Michael (1843–1880), and Thomas (1848–1913). Michael, <mask>'s father, appears to have struggled financially before The Great Famine, moving his family from townland to townland – babies were born in Boolagh, Killavally, and Cappadrummin – on the slopes of Slievenamon or Sliabh na mBan: the Mountain of the Women. By 1850, <mask> was doing well enough, post-famine, to be able to lease  in Kiltinan from Robert Cooke, Esq. and sublease a house to someone else.Improved circumstances enabled <mask>'s family to financed their emigration to America and/or they were was given a monetary incentive when, in 1854, landlord Robert Cooke, Esq. rationalized his holdings. <mask> and her two brothers, Michael and Thomas, received rudimentary educations (Mary, the eldest, remained illiterate). <mask> spent sufficient time in a classroom to allow her to later exchange letters with her two primary American employers, the Boltwood and Dickinson families. Arrival in America
Soon after the <mask> family emigrated to Amherst, Massachusetts, <mask>'s sister, Mary,

masks:
Margaret Maher
Margaret
Margaret
Michael Maher
Margaret Lahea
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Michael Maher
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Maher
Margaret


title: Margaret Maher

texts:
 married Thomas Kelley (1832–1920), another south Tipperary immigrant on December 1, 1855. In scripting her own funeral, Emily Dickinson chose Tom for the role of her chief pallbearer (she selected five other Irish Catholic laborers as bearers: Dennis Cashman, Tom or Dan Moynihan, Dennis Scannell or Scanlon, Stephen Sullivan, and Pat Ward). <mask>'s brother-in-law Tom Kelley, a laborer, bought property from Emily Dickinson's father, Edward, in October 1864, that Tom had been leasing for his young family and Maher in-laws.This property included land with a dwelling house adjacent to the Dickinson Meadow and railroad depot off of Main Street in Amherst, about a quarter-mile from the Dickinson Homestead. Although she slept under her employers' roofs, <mask> called this home. This Amherst property, known as "Kelley Square," eventually expanded to include a barn, three houses, and sheds, with gardens and fruit trees. The <mask> siblings and their brother-in-law Tom Kelley expanded this multigenerational family compound through their combined wages, real estate investments, and boarding house business. <mask>'s brothers sent funds from California and Nevada where they worked as miners and cattle ranchers. <mask>'s brother-in-law, Tom Kelley, worked as a laborer, railroad track walker, and later night watchman for Amherst College. Tom's association with and employment by Edward Dickinson, Amherst College treasurer, may have first brought <mask> to the attention of the Dickinson family.Meeting with Emily Dickinson
By her mid to late teens <mask> was employed as a maid-of-all-work by Fanny and Lucius Boltwood, peers of

masks:
Margaret
Margaret
Maher
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret Maher
Margaret


title: Margaret Maher

texts:
 Emily Dickinson's parents. When their oldest son, Lucius Manlius Boltwood married Clarinda Boardman Williams in 1860 and they were expecting their first child, in 1861, <mask> appears to have been reassigned to care for that family. <mask> moved with the "Junior Boltwoods," from Amherst to Washington, DC to Hartford, Connecticut, as Lucius Manlius Boltwood built his career as a librarian and genealogist. <mask> left Hartford, Connecticut, where she was working for the Junior Boltwoods, in spring 1868 to help care for her terminally ill and recently widowed father in Amherst. <mask>'s father died on June 8. Five days later, on June 13, her brother-in-law, Tom Kelley, had a near fatal fall on the job. Uncertain that he would survive, <mask> and her sister, by then a mother of seven children, nursed Tom around the clock and he eventually lost his arm.Later that summer, when it was clear that Tom Kelley was out of danger, 27-year-old <mask> and her brother, <mask>, make plans to leave for California to join their brother, Michael, in the gold fields of California. <mask> set sail for California, by way of Panama, on October 5, 1868. Beset by illness, <mask> remained in Amherst to be nursed by her sister Mary Kelley. When she was strong enough, <mask> took on a series of temporary jobs in Amherst. While working for a Mrs. Talcott, mother of three school-age children, Emily Dickinson's father, Edward, went to the Talcott house to ask <mask> when she would be free to work for his family. The Dickinson posting, expected to be another temporary assignment, turned into a 30-year job. Aspects of the relationship
<mask>

masks:
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Thomas Maher
Thomas Maher
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret


title: Margaret Maher

texts:
 arrived by March 1869 to work in the Dickinson household.She was initially uncomfortable in that household and, weeks into the job, wrote "I am as strange here as if I came here [to] work yester[day]." <mask> still intended to move to California, and the Dickinson family responded by working hard to keep her. They liked the butter <mask> made – it was "the best the[y] ever had" – and they liked her. Emily described <mask> as "courageous", "warm and wild and mighty", and "good and noisy, the North Wind of the Family." <mask> shared the kitchen with Emily Dickinson – who often baked and wrote there – for the last 17 years of the poet's life. Emily Dickinson stored her finished poems in her maid's trunk. The poet apparently instructed <mask> to burn these poems after her death but <mask> later refused.It was <mask> "whom Emily Dickinson judged capable of the disobedience necessary to bring her work to the world. <mask> did not disappoint. Her act of insubordination worked the miracle for which posterity is in debt, turning the private genius of her mistress's poetry into a universal legacy." The daguerreotype of Emily Dickinson, disliked and discarded by her family, was saved by <mask>. She made it available to Roberts Brothers publishers for the first book of her poems which appeared in November 1890. Later life
<mask>, at 58 years old, is believed to have moved back to Kelley Square upon the 1899 death of her remaining Dickinson employer, Lavinia, Emily's younger sister. <mask>'s sister and brother-in-law, Mary and Tom Kelley, predeceased her in 1910 and 1920 respectively.Tom's will made provisions for <mask> to

masks:
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret Maher
Maher
Margaret Maher
Margaret
Margaret
Margaret


title: Margaret Maher

texts:
 live out her life in her own apartment at Kelley Square. She was cared for in her old age by her niece Ellen "Nell" Kelley. <mask> died at home on May 3, 1924, and is buried beside her parents and brother, Thomas, in St. Mary's Cemetery, Northampton, Massachusetts. See also
 Emily Dickinson
 Domestic worker
 Maid

References

Further reading
Grennan, Eamon. "'Identity to Seek'": The Selves of Emily Dickinson," Green Mountains Review, 19:1, Spring/Summer 2006: 14–34
Kirk, Connie. "'I will sone be home': <mask>, Emily Dickinson, and an Irish Trunk Full of Poems." In Editors David Valone and Christine Kinealy, Ireland's Great Hunger: Silence, Memory, And Commemoration.Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2002: 257–268. Lebow, Lori. "Emily Dickinson: 'she don't go nowhere', or a nineteenth-century recluse's guide to cross-culturalism," Women's Writing. 8:3, 2001: 441–456
<mask>, <mask>. Letters, Boltwood Family Papers: Burton Historical Collection, Detroit Free Public Library, Michigan. Murray, Aífe. "Architecture of the Unseen," Companion to Emily Dickinson, Mary Loeffelholz & Martha Nell Smith, Blackwell Publishing, 2008: 11–36.Murray, Aífe. "Miss Margaret's Emily Dickinson," Signs: Journal of Women in Culture & Society, 24:3, Spring 1999: 697–732
Murray, Aífe. "Kitchen Table Poetics: Maid <mask> and Her Poet Emily Dickinson," The Emily Dickinson Journal, 5:2, Fall 1996: 285–296

External links
 Emily Dickinson Museum
 Emily Dickinson International Society
 Dickinson Electronic Archive
 Maid as Muse

1841 births
1924 deaths
American domestic workers
People from County Tipperary
Irish emigrants to the United

masks:
Margaret
Margaret Maher
Maher
Margaret
Margaret Maher


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts:
<mask> (; born 8 December 1960) is a Malaysian politician from the Democratic Action Party (DAP), a component party of the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition who has served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bagan, Member of the Penang State Legislative Assembly (MLA) for Air Putih since March 2008 and 5th Secretary-General of DAP since September 2004. He served as the Minister of Finance in the PH administration under former prime minister Mahathir Mohamad from May 2018 to the collapse of the PH administration in February 2020, 4th Chief Minister of Penang from March 2008 to May 2018 and MP for Kota Melaka from August 1986 to November 1999. On 6 August 2020, <mask> was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission, following weeks of a probe into an RM6.3 billion undersea tunnel project that was green-lit during his tenure as Penang chief minister. According to the commission, <mask> will be charged with bribery and abuse of power relating to the undersea tunnel project, and a separate abuse of power charge for the additional unspecified case. Personal life
<mask> is the son of <mask>, Leader of the Opposition in the Malaysian House of Representatives from 1973 to 1999 and 2004 to 2008. He is married to Betty Chew Gek Cheng (周玉清), who was former two-term MLA for Kota Laksamana in Malacca. She is the first serving assemblywoman to be married to a Chief Minister.They have four children. Early education
<mask> <mask> attended La Salle Primary English School in Petaling Jaya, and later the Batu Pahat Montfort Primary English School. For his secondary education, he attended Batu Pahat High School and Malacca High School. He graduated from Monash University in Australia with a Bachelor of Economics (BEc). He also served as the president of MUISS (Monash

masks:
Lim Guan Eng
Lim Guan Eng
Lim
Lim
Lim Kit Siang
Lim Guan
Eng


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts:
 University International Student Society) during his university years. Political career
Prior to his political career, <mask> was a senior executive at a bank. He was first elected as the Member of Parliament for Kota Melaka in 1986, defeating Soh Chin Aun with a majority of 17,606 votes.He was re-elected in the 1990 and 1995 general elections, albeit with reduced majorities. He thus became the first person to be elected to three consecutive terms in Kota Melaka. He was also the first Malacca High School alumnus to achieve this. He was appointed the DAP Socialist Youth chairman in 1989 and was formally elected to that post in 1992. In 1995, he was elected the DAP Deputy Secretary-General. He was elected the party's Secretary-General in 2004, and has held that position since. Jailed under Sedition Act
<mask> was arrested by the Malaysian police in 1994, following his criticism of the government's failure to bring the then-Chief Minister of Melaka, Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Thamby Chik's statutory rape case to trial when the Attorney General had decided not to press charges.<mask> was charged under Section 4(1) (b) of the Sedition Act 1948 for causing 'disaffection with the administration of justice in Malaysia'. He was also charged under Section 8A (1) of the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 for 'maliciously printing' a pamphlet containing allegedly 'false information' which supposedly described the alleged rape victim as an 'imprisoned victim' because she was initially detained by Malaysian police without parental consent for 10 days. After a series of appeals, <mask> was sentenced to 18 months imprisonment. He was, however, released after 12 months on 25 August 1999. Due to his incarceration, he was barred from standing for election to public office

masks: Lim Lim Lim Lim


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts:
 for a period of 5 years, and he was therefore ineligible to contest in the 2004 Malaysian General Election. Internal bickering
In 2005, <mask> suffered a surprise defeat in his campaign for re-election to the Malacca DAP committee. However, as <mask> remained Secretary-General of the party, he was automatically included in the committee in accordance with the party's constitution.His wife, who had also failed to be elected to the Melaka committee, was not included in the committee even though she remained the chief of the state' s DAP women's wing. Teresa Kok, a DAP MP, suggested that there was a conspiracy behind the <mask>s' failure to be reelected. Nevertheless, <mask> went on to garner the second highest number of votes (620) at the party's 15th National Congress on 23 August 2008. Chief Minister of Penang
In the 2008 Malaysian general election, the DAP-PKR-PAS coalition, later known as Pakatan Rakyat (PR), won 29 out of the 40 state assembly seats contested in Penang, defeating the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition. The DAP won 19 seats, PKR 9 seats, and PAS 1. Even though <mask> is not a Penangite, he was nominated to be the Chief Minister (CM) of Penang, replacing the former Chief Minister Dr. Koh Tsu Koon of Malaysian People's Movement Party (Gerakan). Other senior DAP leaders of Penang such as <mask> Seng, Phee Boon Poh, and Chow Kon Yeow were bypassed and were instead appointed as state executive council members.In the 2013 Malaysian general election, Pakatan Rakyat won a larger majority, gaining 30 out of the 40 state seats in Penang. Governance
When he took over as the new Penang CM, <mask> announced an amnesty on all summonses issued by the Penang Island City Council and Seberang Perai Municipal Council involving vendors' licences and parking

masks:
Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim Hock
Lim


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts: offences issued before March 2008. On 14 March 2008, a mob composed mostly of UMNO members and supporters took to the streets illegally after Friday prayers to protest his statements on the NEP. No arrests were made but two men were taken in for questioning. Various BN-backed groups and NGOs continued to protest and lodge police reports as a form of continued harassment. On 19 March 2008, <mask> announced that the state exco had approved an open tender system for state projects exceeding RM 50,000. For projects between RM20,000 and RM50,000, a balloting system was introduced.A two-week objection period was put in place for both the open tender and balloting systems. During <mask>'s tenure as CM, Penang maintained its rank as one of the top states for investments in Malaysia. The state attracted RM12.2 billion worth of capital investments in 2010, which accounted for 25% of the total investments in Malaysia. This was a 465% increase on the investment of RM2.17 billion in 2009. In 2011, Penang was the top state in terms of manufacturing investments in Malaysia for the second consecutive year, attracting RM9.1 billion in total. However, using a new measure of total investment that took into account the manufacturing, services and private sectors, Penang ranked second in Malaysia after Sarawak in total investments, with a total amount of RM14.038 billion. This was due to it not having much in terms of primary sector investments.The public debt in Penang decreased by 95% from RM630 million in 2008 to RM30 million at the end of 2011. In 2014, Penang recorded a total of RM8.16 billion in investments, which was a 109% increase. Manufacturing investment in Penang increased by 87% to RM53.9 billion in the 2008-2016 period compared to RM24.9 billion in the 2000-2007

masks: Lim Lim


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts:
 period, with a 17% increase in job creation. Foreign investments (FDI) also increased by 62.5% to RM36.7 billion in the 2008-2015 period compared to RM22.6 billion during 2000–2007. Penang currently has the second highest GDP per capita in the country. Penang's economic growth rate in 2015 was 5.5%, which was higher than Malaysia's growth rate of 5%. Penang has an unemployment rate of 1.5% compared to the national unemployment rate of 3.1%.On 28 April 2011, <mask> signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with China, witnessed by the Chinese premier Wen Jiabao and Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak, on the proposal to construct three roads and an undersea tunnel on Penang island. The 6.5 km undersea tunnel is to be the third link between the island and Butterworth on the mainland. According to <mask>, this would ease traffic congestion in the state and improve the links between the island and the mainland. On 25 July 2014, the Penang state government unveiled the RM27 billion Penang Transport Master Plan (PTMP) that comprises an integrated transportation network connecting both Penang Island and Seberang Perai. The PTMP aims to achieve a well-defined and fully connected road network and dispersal system as well as a well-integrated and sustainable public transport system, which combines buses, trams, MRT and water taxis. The project was expected to start in 2015 and be completed in 2030. Under <mask>'s tenure, the Penang Island Municipal Council was officially upgraded to city council status on 1 January 2015 by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong.The state government had been applying to the Malaysian federal government to grant city status since January 2010. Competency, Accountability and Transparency (CAT)

Led by Chief Minister <mask> Eng, the Penang state

masks:
Lim
Lim
Lim
Lim Guan


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts:
 government practised the concept of Competency, Accountability, and Transparency (CAT) in governance. The concept guides the state government in achieving efficient, responsible, and clean governance. It also aims to turn Penang into a cleaner, greener and safer state. The CAT concept encourages positive work ethics and team spirit. It has helped the state government to record budget surpluses and successfully attract RM 12.2 billion in capital investments. According to the international weekly news magazine The Economist, the reform of the state government has ended the cronyism and corruption that led to major deficits under the previous regime.The Penang state government under <mask> received praise from the Auditor-General as the best financially managed state in Malaysia from 2008 to 2010. According to the AG's report, the consolidated fund increased by 2.7%, from RM 1101.89 million in 2009 to RM 1131.17 million in 2010. Likewise, the consolidated revenue fund has grown by 6.2% from RM 538.95 million in 2009 to RM 572.49 million in 2010. <mask>'s state government has also won accolades from Transparency International for implementing open tenders in awarding contracts. Welfare aid and programs
The record budget surpluses were channeled to social welfare programs such as financial aid to the hardcore poor, cash handouts to the elderly, public housing upgrades, free Wi-Fi service at selected hot spots, and free bus services within the city and between Penang island and Seberang Perai for workers. Social welfare aid of RM 100 is awarded annually to senior citizens, single mothers, disabled individuals, new-born babies, and school-going pupils in Primary 1 and 4 as well as Form 1 and 4. On 1 March, <mask> launched the Bridge Express Shuttle Transit

masks: Lim Lim Lim


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts: (BEST), which is a free-of-charge park and ride shuttle bus service which ferries commuters across the Penang Bridge from Seberang Jaya to the Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone.This bus service aims to increase usage of public transport, which in turn will reduce traffic congestion during peak hours on the Penang Bridge and therefore ease the financial burden of factory workers. The SMART Centre Penang is an initiative set up by the Penang state government and the think tank investPenang during the Penang Outlook Forum in June 2009 chaired by <mask>. The SMART Centre intends to provide market intelligence, business advice, information, resources and training services to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Penang. It focuses on the promotion of local sourcing, investments and networking by running various programs such as business matching, seminars and talks. Under Pakatan Rakyat's Agenda Ekonomi Sosial (AES) or Social Economic Agenda, the Penang state government is aiming to be the first state in Malaysia to eradicate poverty by ensuring every household in Penang has an income of at least RM 770 per month. The poverty line is RM 763 per month for every household/family in Peninsular Malaysia. Families with less than RM 770 in monthly income will have the difference topped up by the state government every month.Aside from that, the Penang state government under <mask> began to give annual allocations to Chinese independent high schools and also increased annual allocations to Chinese, Tamil and mission schools in Penang which are either not funded or only partially funded by the Education Ministry of Malaysia. On 7 June 2014, <mask> donated RM 20,000 to the soup kitchen, The Lighthouse, to assist the organisation's efforts in feeding the homeless and


title: Lim Guan Eng

texts:
 poor. On 1 April 2015, the Penang state government under <mask> launched the 'Penang Future Foundation (PFF)' scholarship program, which awards scholarships to outstanding young Malaysian students who wish to pursue their undergraduate studies at local private higher educational institutions. Scholarship recipients are required to work in Penang after they graduate. The scholarship program is administered by the Penang state government but is fully funded by the private sector to ensure its sustainability in the long run. This program was launched to attract young talented people to work in the state. <mask> also made his appearance as the guest of honour at the launch of "The Rise of Digital India" exhibition in Penang on 19 April 2015 with Deputy Chief Minister Ramasamy Palanisamy also accompanied by Mr J. Philip Vincent to create and ensure the Penang-India bond of space, aeronautics and technology.Cleaner, Greener Penang
Cleaner, Greener Penang is an initiative by the Penang state government launched in 2010 as part of an effort to transform Penang into the most environmentally friendly and liveable city in Malaysia through education, enforcement and appreciation. This is to restore the current living environment into a cleaner and more sustainable city, which in turn will improve the quality of living. The Penang state government, led by <mask>, enforced the ban on free plastic bags throughout the state on 1 January 2010, despite an initial lukewarm response from retail outlets. <mask> said the move would reduce the state's garbage production and carbon footprint. Retail stores, food outlets and hawker stalls statewide are required to adhere to the rulings to ensure renewal of business licences. The proceedings from the sale of plastic bags went to