title: Jimmy Barnes

texts: problems and has even busked with them. <mask> or a member of his extended family have regularly performed "Flame Trees" with the Choir at their concerts including those at Melbourne Town Hall on 24 June and the Sydney Opera House on 17 July 2007. In a January 2007 interview with The Bulletin, <mask> spoke passionately about Australian rock musicians saying: "Australian bands for me will always have the grunt. Grunt is what gives you longevity, strength, the power to believe in yourself. We have great bands here because they play live, they cut their teeth playing to people.". <mask> underwent heart surgery in February 2007.<mask> under the knife On 7 July 2007 <mask> was a presenter at the Australian leg of Live Earth. In August he became a regular presenter on The Know, a pop culture program on the pay-TV channel MAX and has also been a presenter of the Planet Rock program on the Austereo network.In September 2007 he started recording his twelfth studio album, Out in the Blue. Produced by Nash Chambers, it was released on 14 November and debuted at number 3 on the ARIA chart. The songs were written while he recovered from his heart surgery, and displayed a more subdued mood than much of his previous output. "When Two Hearts Collide" was a duet with Kasey Chambers. The album was promoted with a performance at the Sydney Opera House, which was released on CD and DVD. In March 2008, <mask> appeared as a special guest during soul singer Guy Sebastian's tour. November 2008 saw the release of a duet with son David Campbell, a cover of The Righteous Brothers' "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling" that featured on Campbell's album Good Lovin'.In September


title: Jimmy Barnes

type: original

texts:
 2009, <mask> released his thirteenth studio album The Rhythm and the Blues which became <mask>' ninth Australian number one album; thus giving him more No. 1 albums than any other Australian artist. 2010s

In August 2010, <mask> released his fourteenth solo studio album, Rage and Ruin. <mask> stated that the ideas for most of the lyrics and song themes came from a journal he kept during a period in his life (late 1990s to early 2000s) when he struggled with drug and alcohol addiction. Rage and Ruin debuted at number 3 on the ARIA Charts on 5 September 2010. On 27 September 2010, it was revealed that <mask> met two previously unknown adult daughters. On 14 March 2011 he planted a flame tree, made famous in Cold Chisel's 1984 song "Flame Trees", at the National Arboretum Canberra.<mask> then headlined at Celebrate in the Park, playing a 90-minute set which included his solo hits and some Cold Chisel greats. He was joined by daughter Mahalia in a soulful rendition of "When the War Is Over", which he dedicated to the memory of Steve Prestwich. In August 2014, <mask> released, 30:30 Hindsight, which is an anniversary album, celebrating 30 years since his chart-topping debut solo album, Bodyswerve. The album debuted at No. 1 in Australia, becoming <mask>' 10th solo No. 1 album. In 2015, <mask> asked the Reclaim Australia Political Party to stop playing his music at their Rallies.In July 2015, it was announced that <mask> would release Best of the Soul Years compilation. The album would be compiled of soul and R&B classics, from his three soul albums; "Soul Deep" (1991), "Soul Deeper" (2000) and "The Rhythm and the Blues" (2009). A fourth album of soul

masks: Barnes Barnes Barnes Barnes Barnes Barnes Barnes Barnes Barnes Barnes


title: Jimmy Barnes

texts: covers was released in June 2016 called, Soul Searchin', which became <mask>' 11th number one album in Australia and tied <mask> the equal second-most (with Madonna and U2) of all time behind The Beatles at 14. In 2016, <mask> released his autobiography, Working Class Boy, which explored his traumatic childhood experiences. In 2017, he featured in the song "Big Enough" by Kirin J. Callinan, alongside Alex Cameron and Molly Lewis. The song was featured on The Tonight Show with <mask> in a comedic skit. In addition to this, his cameo in the song's music video became a popular internet meme in late 2017.In March of the same year, <mask> released a children's album called Och Aye the G'nu. It won the ARIA Award for Best Children's Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 2017, although the brand that appeared on the album, as well as the poetry books that were released on the first of April are related to The Wiggles. In November 2017, <mask> released a second memoir; a sequel to Working Class Boy titled Working Class Man. On 3 May 2018, <mask> won the biography of the year award at the Australian Book Industry Awards for the second year in a row. <mask> also guest-starred in the television comedy "These New South Whales" based on the Australian band. His autobiography Working Class Boy was adapted into a film by Universal Pictures. Directed by Mark Joffe, the film premiered in Australian cinemas on 23 August 2018.A soundtrack was released on 17 August 2018. In January 2019, <mask> announced his forthcoming eighteenth solo studio album My Criminal Record. It was released on 17 May 2019. It became <mask>'s 12th solo number-one album, and 16th including

masks:
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Jimmy Fallon
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes
Barnes


title: Jimmy Barnes

texts:
 releases with Cold Chisel on the Australian albums chart, making him the artist with the most chart-topping albums in Australian chart history, having previously tied at 11 number ones with Madonna and U2. At the APRA Music Awards of 2020, "Shutting Down Our Town" was nominated for Most Performed Rock Work of the Year. 2020s
In 2021, <mask> stated that he formed a rockabilly band with Slim Jim Phantom and Chris Cheney. Personal life

<mask> is a practising Buddhist.He has seven children, four with his wife Jane: Mahalia, Elly-May, Eliza-Jane, and Jackie, one with Kim Campbell (a previous relationship): David Campbell, and two daughters from earlier relationships: Amanda Bennett and Megan Torzyn. He is brother-in-law to fellow musician and long time collaborator, Diesel, who married <mask>’s sister, Jep, in 1989. <mask> is a supporter of the Australian Labor Party. Discography

Cold Chisel

Studio albums
 Bodyswerve (1984)
 For the Working Class Man (1985)
 Freight Train Heart (1987)
 Two Fires (1990)
 Soul Deep (1991)
 Heat (1993)
 Flesh and Wood (1993)
 Psyclone (1995)
 Love and Fear (1999)
 Soul Deeper... Songs From the Deep South (2000)
 Double Happiness (2005)
 Out in the Blue (2007)
 The Rhythm and the Blues (2009)
 Rage And Ruin (2010)
 30:30 Hindsight (2014)
 Soul Searchin' (2016)
 Och Aye the G'nu (2017)
 Working Class Boy (2018)
 My Criminal Record (2019)
 Flesh and Blood (2021)

Honours and significant awards
In 2017 <mask> was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to the performing arts as a musician, singer and songwriter, and through support for not-for-profit organisations, particularly to children

masks:
Barnes
Barnes
Jane Barnes
Barnes
Barnes


title: Jimmy Barnes

texts:
 with a disability. APRA Awards
The APRA Awards are held in Australia and New Zealand by the Australasian Performing Right Association to recognise songwriting skills, sales and airplay performance by its members annually. |-
| 2016
| (<mask> as part of) Cold Chisel
| Ted Albert Award for Outstanding Services to Australian Music
|
|-
| 2020
| "Shutting Down Our Town" (featuring Troy Cassar-Daley)
| Most Performed Rock Work
|
|-

ARIA Awards
<mask> has won seven Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA) Awards, including his induction into their Hall of Fame in 2005.They have been held annually since 1973. |-
| 2006
| "Birds on a Wire" (with Troy Cassar-Daley)
| Vocal Collaboration of the Year
|

TV Week / Countdown AwardsCountdown was an Australian pop music TV series on national broadcaster ABC-TV from 1974–1987, it presented music awards from 1979–1987, initially in conjunction with magazine TV Week. The TV Week / Countdown Awards were a combination of popular-voted and peer-voted awards. |-
| 1980
| himself
| Most Popular Male Performer
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1984
| rowspan="2" | himself
| Best Male Performance in a Video
|
|-
| Best Songwriter
|
|-
| 1985
| himself - "Working Class Man"
| Best Male Performance in a Video
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1986
| himself & INXS "Good Times"
| Best Group Performance in a Video
|
|-
| himself - "Ride the Night Away"
| Best Male Performance in a Video
|
|-

References

Further reading
 Who's Who of Australian Rock – Chris Spencer, Paul McHenry, Zbig Nowara, 2002; Say it Loud with Alan Whiticker, Published by Gary Allen, Australia, September 2002; Icons of Australian Music: <mask>'' – Scott Podmore.

masks:
Jimmy Barnes
Barnes
Jimmy Barnes


title: Jimmy Barnes

texts:
 Published by Hyperactive Inc. 2008;

External links

Unofficial <mask> website dedicated to collecting everything JB related

1956 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
ARIA Hall of Fame inductees
Australian Buddhists
Australian male singer-songwriters
Australian people of Scottish-Jewish descent
Australian rock singers
Scottish rock singers
Cold Chisel members
Converts to Buddhism
Musicians from Adelaide
Musicians from Sydney
Naturalised citizens of Australia
Officers of the Order of Australia
Scottish emigrants to Australia
Scottish people of Jewish descent
Australian expatriates in France
Australian soul singers
Australian rhythm and blues musicians
Australian soul musicians
Australian rhythm and blues singers
Australian male writers
Swan musical family
Living Loud members
Geffen Records artists
Mushroom Records artists
Internet memes
Provogue Records


title: Alexander Witting

texts:
<mask> (18 December 1861 – 29 November 1946) was a German mathematician. Family

<mask> was born in Dresden as the first child of the musician <mask> (1823–1907) and the painter <mask>, née Japha (1828–1882). <mask> married the pianist Sophie Sebass (1864–1924) in 1889. They had two daughters and a son: Tillyta (1890–1970), Lotte (1894–1971) and the physicist <mask> (1899–1963). In view of the artistically affected family environment – father musician, mother painter, aunt Louise Japha (1826–1910) pianist, sister <mask> (1863–1937) singer, brother <mask> painter – it does not surprise that <mask> also painted sometimes and regularly made music, even beyond the narrow circle of family or colleagues. Education

He successfully completed his final grammar school examinations at the Städtische Gymnasium zum Heiligen Kreuz (Kreuzschule) in Dresden at Easter 1880, served his military service for one year and commenced the study at the teachers department of the Polytechnikum Dresden at the summer term 1881. In spring 1885 he successfully completed the examinations for teachers at secondary schools, authorizing him for mathematics and physics in all classes of grammar schools and junior highs, as well as for geography excluding the preparations of the final secondary school examinations.A travel grant of the Polytechnikum allowed him to earn a doctorate, possible in those days at universities only. On 1 April 1885 <mask> commenced his probationary year as teacher at the Thomasschule in Leipzig, and at the same time he attended courses and seminars at the university of Leipzig, esp. under Felix Klein, from whom he also received the topic

masks:
Carl Johann Adolf Alexander Witting
Witting
Carl Witting
Minna Witting
Alexander Witting
Rudolf Witting
Agnes Witting
Walther Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting


title: Alexander Witting

texts:
 for his dissertation. On 4 August 1886 he was accredited with a PhD at the Georg-August-Universität in Göttingen, the new work-place of Felix Klein. Career as a teacher

From 1 December 1886 he worked as permanent teacher at the Städtische Gymnasium zum Heiligen Kreuz (Kreuzschule) by the will of the council of city Dresden. There <mask> taught until his retirement as schoolmaster, lecturer, senior teacher, and professor. Extra officially he assisted for a long time at the chair for descriptive geometry of the TH Dresden, and he designed advertising brochures for the renowned concern Koch & Stenzel at Dresden.<mask> was one of those secondary-school teachers, who remained being associated with the development of their science, and who published frequently themselves. As teacher of a grammar school with close contacts to both, high schools and praxis, he was open-minded to the reforms movement for mathematics and natural science education, which to the end of the 1880s / beginnings of 1890s gained strength. Felix Klein, being elected as leader of the international mathematics education commission (IMUK), consulted <mask> for the papers published by the IMUK. Der mathematische Unterricht an den Gymnasien und Realanstalten und die Ausbildung der Lehramtskandidaten im Königreich Sachsen, (The mathematics class at grammar schools and junior highs, and the education of teachers in the Saxon kingdom) written by <mask> was published 1910. The Verein zur Förderung des mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts (development association for mathematics and natural science classes) played an essential role for the reforms

masks:
Witting
Alexander Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting


title: Alexander Witting

texts:
 movement, esp. because of its grass-roots workload. <mask> was one of its board members for a long time, and too was among the founders of the Förderverein’s very busy local union in Dresden.As, in the run of these reforms, differential and integral calculus found entrance to the curriculum of secondary schools for the first time (since 1907 in Saxon), a representation of this subject area was needed which was fitting for these students. On this background Walther Lietzmann (1880–1956) and <mask> together with Teubner Verlag established the Mathematisch-Physikalische Bibliothek in Leipzig. Witting not only was co-publisher, he also was author of several multiply reprinted booklets of that series. His booklets on differential and integral calculus were published since the middle of the 1930s in the Göschen compilation – in a highly extended form and supplemented by separate exercise books. For several years from 1911 on, <mask> additionally published Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte (Proceedings of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors). Politics
Beginning in 1891, <mask> attended military practices nearly every year. Beside others in World War I he was supervisor of a gas defence course for officers in Dessau and was deployed at a mortar school, reaching the rank of major.His military teachings led him to publish Soldaten-Mathematik (Soldiers' Mathematics) in 1916. From the end of 1886 <mask> was a member of the Natural Scientific Society ISIS in Dresden and was active in the mathematical section of ISIS, founded in 1875. His ISIS lectures reflected the results of own researches,

masks:
Alexander Witting
Alexander Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting


title: Alexander Witting

texts:
 experiences from being a teacher, as well as from his works in specialist societies. When the National Socialists took over, <mask> had already retired from teaching. He had been active in World War I, and his achievements about secondary schools were generally honoured. All this taken together caused that (being a Half-Jew in the sense of the Nuremberg Laws of the National Socialists) he was not bothered too hard. He was not affiliated to the NS teachers alliance, but was at first allowed to join as a guest.He also remained an honorary member of the development association, which in that form only existed until 1936. On his 75th and 80th birthdays he received several official congratulation letters, for instance from the publishing companies Teubner and de Gruyter, but also from the Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung (DMV). Like any household with a half-Jew, <mask>'s was not free from certain limitations. The aged <mask> in those days mostly worked at home. The secondary school remained close to his heart up to his end. After the Nazi regime had ended, consideration was to reclaim to positive things. In November 1945 <mask>'s Aufruf zur Rettung der höheren Schule (call for rescue of secondary school) was published posthumously in Physikalischen Blättern.Writings
 Der mathematische Unterricht an den Gymnasien und Realanstalten und die Ausbildung der Lehramtskandidaten im Königreich Sachsen. Leipzig und Berlin 1910
 Zur Rettung der höheren Schulen. In: Physikalische Blätter (Neue Physikalische Blätter). 2. Jahrgang 1946, Heft 9, pp. 237–238
 In der Mathematisch-Physikalische Bibliothek – Gemeinverständliche Darstellungen aus der

masks:
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting


title: Alexander Witting

texts:
 Elementarmathematik und -physik für Schule und Leben herausgegeben von Dir. Dr. W. Lietzmann und Studienrat Dr. A<mask>, B. G. Teubner, Leipzig und Berlin:
– Einführung in die Infinitesimalrechnung, Band 9.– Beispiele z. Geschichte d. Mathematik, Band 15 (mit M. Gebhardt). – Soldaten-Mathematik, Band 22. References
 Jahresberichte der Kreuzschule. Dresden 1885–1899, p. 2
 Kleine Chronik der Kreuzschule. Dresden 1891; p. 48
 Poggendorff’s Handwörterbuch Leipzig 1904, 1926, 1939, 1953 (Eintrag <mask>)
 Wilhelm Lorey: Der deutsche Verein zur Förderung des mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts e. V. 1891–1938 Frankfurt/Main 1938
 Stadtarchiv Dresden, Bestand Schulamt, Signatur 2.3.20 Dr. <mask>
 Waltraud Voss: ... eine Hochschule (auch) für Mathematiker ... Augsburg 2005; p. 207 and p. 115, 126, 189, 192, 273, 274
 Waltraud Voss: Die Sektion für reine und angewandte Mathematik der Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft Isis in Dresden. – In: Festschrift 175 Jahre Naturwissenschaftliche Gesellschaft ISIS in Dresden. Sonderheft zur Festveranstaltung am 28.März 2009. Dresden-Bautzen 2009, p. 105–127
 Waltraud Voss: Prof. Dr. phil. <mask> (1861–1946). Akteur in mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fachvereinigungen, Author und Herausgeber (Vortrag, gehalten auf der 11. Tagung der Fachsektion Geschichte der Mathematik der DMV vom 20.–24. Mai 2009 in Pfalzgrafenweiler; erscheint 2010 im Tagungsband)
 Helga <mask> (Privatarchiv): Mitteilungen zur Familie. External links

 Sächsische Biographie – <mask>

1861 births
1946 deaths
19th-century German mathematicians
People educated at the Kreuzschule
20th-century German

masks:
. Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting
Witting
Alexander Witting


title: Ralph McQuarrie

texts:
<mask> (; June 13, 1929 – March 3, 2012) was an American conceptual designer and illustrator. His career included work on the original Star Wars trilogy, the original Battlestar Galactica television series, the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and the film Cocoon, for which he won an Academy Award. Early life
<mask> was born on June 13, 1929 in Gary, Indiana and was raised on a farm near Billings, Montana. He served in the United States Army during the Korean War, surviving a shot to the head. After returning from the war, McQuarrie moved to California in the 1960s, studying at the Art Center School, then in downtown Los Angeles. Career
McQuarrie initially worked for a dentistry firm, illustrating teeth and equipment, before working as an Artist and Preliminary Design Illustrator for the Boeing Company, where he drew diagrams for a manual on constructing the 747 Jumbo Jet, as well as designing film posters and animating CBS News' coverage of the Apollo space program at the three-man company Reel Three.While there, <mask> was asked by Hal Barwood to produce some illustrations for a film project he and Matthew Robbins were starting. Star Wars

The young filmmaker George Lucas was impressed by <mask>'s work and met with him to discuss his plans for a space-fantasy film, The Star Wars. Lucas sought visual reference material to support his pitch to film studios and purchased pieces of science fiction artwork by John Berkey. In 1975, Lucas commissioned <mask> to illustrate several scenes from the script of the film. <mask> may have been inspired by some of Berkey's works, in particular a painting of a rocket-plane diving down through space towards a gigantic mechanical planet (the image had been used as cover art for the 1972 reprint of the short story anthology Star Science Fiction Stories No.4). <mask>'s concept paintings were instrumental in helping Lucas to win approval from 20th Century Fox; armed with vivid illustrations of his planned movie, Lucas was able to convince Fox executives to take a gamble and

masks:
Ralph Angus McQuarrie
Ralph McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie


title: Ralph McQuarrie

texts: fund his  Star Wars project. Despite their scepticism, it became a huge success upon release in 1977.Among <mask>'s Star Wars portfolio were concept paintings depicting scenes on the planet Tatooine, inside the Mos Eisley cantina, inside the Death Star and on the moon of Yavin. During filming, Lucas ensured that many shots reproduced <mask>'s paintings exactly, such was his esteem for <mask>'s work. McQuarrie has said of his work on Star Wars, "I thought I had the best job that an artist ever had on a film, and I had never worked on a feature film before. ... I still get fan mail — people wondering if I worked on Episode I or just wanting to have my autograph." <mask> designed many of the film's characters, including Darth Vader, Chewbacca, R2-D2 and C-3PO and drew many concepts for the film's sets. His production painting of R2-D2 and C-3PO wandering in the desert on the planet Tatooine was the first to be completed.His early concept for C-3PO was visibly inspired by the Art Deco Maschinenmensch robot from Fritz Lang's 1927 film Metropolis. The painting had a particular impact on actor Anthony Daniels, who was about to turn down the part of C-3PO; "He had painted a face and a figure that had a very wistful, rather yearning, rather bereft quality, which I found very appealing," stated Daniels, and the appeal of <mask>'s image convinced him to accept the role. At Lucas's suggestion, McQuarrie designed a breathing apparatus for Darth Vader to wear. In an interview with Star Wars Insider Magazine, <mask> stated that Lucas's artistic direction was to portray a malevolent figure in a cape with Samurai armour. "For Darth Vader, George [Lucas] just said he would like to have a very tall, dark fluttering figure that had a spooky feeling like it came in on the wind." McQuarrie noted that the script indicated that Vader would travel between spaceships and needed to survive in the vacuum of space, and he proposed that Vader should wear some sort of space suit. Lucas agreed, and <mask> combined a full-face

masks: McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie


title: Ralph McQuarrie

texts:
 breathing mask with a  Samurai helmet, thus creating one of the most iconic designs of space fantasy cinema.A 1975 production painting of Darth Vader engaged in a lightsaber duel with Deak Starkiller (a character prototype for Luke Skywalker) depicts Vader wearing black armour, a flowing cape and an elongated, skull-like mask and helmet. Its similarity to the final design of Vader's costume demonstrates that <mask>'s earliest conception of Vader was so successful that very little needed to be changed for production. Working from McQuarrie's artwork, the costume designer John Mollo devised a costume that could be worn by an actor on-screen using a combination of clerical robes, a motorcycle suit, a German military helmet and a gas mask. The prop sculptor Brian Muir created the helmet and armour used in the film from McQuarrie's designs. While <mask> was working on visualisation work for Lucas, he was also commissioned by an executive of Ballantine Books, Judy-Lynn del Rey, to produce the cover art of the forthcoming novelization of Star Wars. The first edition of Star Wars: From the Adventures of Luke Skywalker went to press in 1976 featuring <mask>'s version of Darth Vader's helmet on the cover. Like the film, the book was a runaway success, and <mask> began a long relationship with the publisher, producing the artwork for 22 further titles for Del Rey Books between 1978 and 1987.Star Trek
Around the time that <mask> was completing his work on Star Wars, he was brought on board the design team for a planned cinematic production based on Gene Roddenberry's science fiction television series, Star Trek. Entitled Star Trek: Planet of the Titans, the film was to feature a redesigned USS Enterprise starship, and <mask> was recruited to provide the visualizations. His triangular ship design has been likened to the appearance of the Star Destroyers featured in Star Wars. Star Trek: Planet of the Titans did not make it past the pre-production phase and the project was cancelled in 1977. The design was later used

masks: McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie


title: Ralph McQuarrie

texts:
 in 2017's Star Trek: Discovery as the basis of the titular ship. Star Wars sequels

When Lucas began work on his sequel to Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back (1980), <mask> was once again brought in to supply previsualization artwork. His sketches and production paintings established the appearance of some of the saga's most enduring elements, such as the gigantic AT-AT Walkers in the battle on the ice planet Hoth and the wizened elf creature Yoda.<mask>'s design for Cloud City, a floating city in the clouds, actually originated from his early sketches for Star Wars from 1975, when he was illustrating a concept for the planet Alderaan, as described in Lucas's 1975 draft script, Adventures of the Starkiller as taken from the Journal of the Whills, Saga I: The Star Wars. <mask> made an uncredited cameo appearance in The Empire Strikes Back, when he appeared in the film's opening sequence in the Rebel base on Hoth as a character named General Pharl <mask>. In 2007, McQuarrie became part of the  Star Wars action figure range when an action figure in his likeness as "<mask>" was produced for the Star Wars 30th anniversary in 2007. Action figures were also produced based on <mask>'s concept art, including conceptual versions of the Imperial Stormtrooper, Chewbacca, R2-D2 and C-3PO, Darth Vader, Han Solo, Boba Fett, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Yoda and other characters. By the time <mask> was engaged on Lucas's third Star Wars picture, Return of the Jedi (1983), he had begun to experience creative fatigue. "It became less fun as time went on. I had done the best part already and I was just rehashing everything.I kept meeting myself in my thinking. It became more and more difficult to keep my enthusiasm up," McQuarrie has said. Despite his earlier success, fewer of his design ideas were included in the final cut of the film. Other film and TV work
<mask> designed the alien ships in Steven Spielberg's films Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), while his work as the conceptual

masks:
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
General McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie
McQuarrie


title: Ralph McQuarrie

texts:
 artist on the 1985 film Cocoon earned him the Academy Award for Visual Effects. He also worked on the 1978 TV series Battlestar Galactica, and the films Raiders of the Lost Ark, Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home and *batteries not included. Retirement
Rick McCallum offered McQuarrie a role as designer for the Star Wars prequel trilogy, but he rejected the offer, noting he had "run out of steam" and Industrial Light & Magic animator Doug Chiang was appointed instead.<mask> retired and his Star Wars concept paintings were subsequently displayed in art exhibitions, including the 1999 Star Wars: The Magic of Myth. Several of <mask>'s unused designs from the original trilogy were utilized for the Star Wars: The Clone Wars and Star Wars Rebels animated TV series, including the planet Orto Plutonia, which was based on <mask>'s original design of Hoth, and the characters Zeb Orrelios and Chopper, based on his original designs for Chewbacca and R2-D2, respectively. Personal life
McQuarrie married Joan Benjamin in 1983 and stayed married until his death at age 82 on March 3, 2012, in his Berkeley, CA home. McQuarrie died from complications of Parkinson's disease. Critical assessment
Christian Blauvelt of Entertainment Weekly praised McQuarrie's works as "pioneering of the 'used future' aesthetic" which unlike other science-fiction, "imagined a lived-in galaxy that was gritty, dirty, and in advance states of decay." He described McQuarrie's style as "strongly geometric subjects rendered in muted colors against a flat, purposefully compressed backdrop. A McQuarrie Star Wars design looks like what would have resulted if Salvador Dalí had sketched concepts for Universal’s 1936 Flash Gordon serial by way of Sergio Leone’s Old West."Neil Kendricks of The San Diego Union-Tribune emphasised <mask>'s importance to the Star Wars franchise, saying that the artist "holds a unique position when it comes to defining much of the look of the "Star Wars" universe." After <mask>'s death, George Lucas said: "His genial contribution, in

masks: McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie McQuarrie


title: Ralph McQuarrie

texts:
 the form of unequalled production paintings, propelled and inspired all of the cast and crew of the original Star Wars trilogy. When words could not convey my ideas, I could always point to one of <mask>'s fabulous illustrations and say, 'do it like this'." Legacy
The current Lucasfilm creative team is employing parts of <mask>'s original unused concept art from the seventies and eighties in the development of new Star Wars-related media. Filmography
 Star Wars (1977) (production illustrator)
 Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) (Mother Ship designer)
 Battlestar Galactica (1978) (production and concept illustrator)
 Star Wars Holiday Special (1978) (illustrator)
 The Empire Strikes Back (1980) (design consultant and conceptual artist)
 Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) (ILM illustrator)
 E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) (scenic artist/spaceship design)
 Return of the Jedi (1983) (conceptual artist)
 Cocoon (1985) (conceptual artist)
 Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home (1986) (visual consultant)
 *batteries not included (1987) (conceptual artist)
 Nightbreed (1990) (conceptual artist)
 Back to the Future: The Ride (1991) (conceptual artist) (uncredited)

Actor
 The Empire Strikes Back (1980) - General McQuarrie (uncredited)

Bibliography
McQuarrie's previsualization artwork, production sketches and paintings, and matte paintings feature prominently in the first three volumes of The Art of Star Wars book series. Reprinted 1994
Reprinted 1994
Reprinted 1995

See also

List of Star Wars artists

References
Footnotes

Bibliography

External links

Ralph McQuarrie Concept Sketches and Concept Paintings for Battlestar Galactica (1978)
"Ralph McQuarrie obituary: Conceptual artist who brought Star Wars to life" (Guardian article)

1929 births
2012 deaths
American illustrators
American poster artists
Neurological disease deaths in California
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Film poster artists
People from Gary, Indiana
Role-playing game artists
Science fiction artists
20th-century American artists
Artists

masks: Ralph McQuarrie


title: Vojin Rakić

texts:
<mask>. Rakic (born 1967 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia) is a Serbian philosopher and political scientist. He publishes in English, but also in Serbian. He has a PhD in political science from Rutgers University in the United States. His publications on ethics, bioethics (human enhancement in particular), Kant, and cosmopolitan justice are considered as influential writings in the international academic arena, as can be read in the references to <mask>`s works, the endorsements of his two latest books, as well as in the open letter of support for Rakić that has been signed by dozens of the world`s most reputed (bio)ethicists and philosophers, in which they state their opinion about him (about all this later in this article). Justice and Kant

Rakić is the author of a variety of books and articles from the domain of philosophy and political science. They include "How to Enhance Morality", "The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality",A Theory of the Normative Will, History and Future of Justice and Hegemony, Culture and Human Resources in Politics. In History and Future of Justice Rakić analyzes the teleological thesis that history in the long run is marked by a gradual development of morality and justice, and that humanity will achieve a condition of "perfect justice" at the end of its historical development– provided that history will last sufficiently long.A topical book influenced by History and

masks:
Vojin B
Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts: moral bio-enhancement compulsory). These two authors and <mask> have polemicized with each other during 2013 in the Journal of Medical Ethics.<mask> opened the debate in February 2013 and Persson and Savulescu responded in March. During 2014 <mask>, Robert Sparrow and Harris Wiseman polemicized in the American Journal of Bioethics on the same problem, as well as on other issues related to enhancement. In 2012, <mask> founded the Center for the Study of Bioethics, a research institute based in Belgrade, Serbia. CSB has internal and associate members. They include Peter Singer, John Harris, Don Marquis, Nicholas Agar, Ingmar Persson, James J. Hughes and Stefan Lorenz Sorgner. In May 2013 CSB attracted widespread attention by organizing a conference in Belgrade at which John Harris and Julian Savulescu confronted their differing positions on human enhancement and freedom. Their debate continued for several days in Belgrade, not only at the conference (with Peter Singer as a discussant of their positions), but also in front of TV cameras.The Oxford Centre for Neuroethics co-organized the congress. In October 2015, CSB organized another highly acclaimed bioethics conference in Belgrade, this time in collaboration with The Hastings Center. The keynote speakers were John Harris and Erik Parens. Reports on the event have appeared in dozens of media. On 16–19 August 2017, CSB organized, in

masks: Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts:
 cooperation with the European Society for the Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care, the 31st ESPMH Annual Meeting "New Technologies in Health Care". On 20–21 August 2017, CSB partnered with the Division of Medical Ethics in NYU School of Medicine's Department of Population Health and The Hastings Center, in order to organize the international conference "Genome editing: biomedical and ethical perspectives". This event gathered an international group of ethics experts in order to discuss genome editing in humans and other living beings.The conference keynote speech included one that was delivered by Arthur Caplan. The conference was opened by the Serbian Prime Minister Ana Brnabic. <mask> is also a Research Professor at the Institute for Social Sciences, Head of the European Division of the UNESCO Chair in Bioethics, Head of the Serbian Unit of the UNESCO Chair in Bioethics and Chair of the Cambridge Working Group for Bioethics Education in Serbia. Social role

<mask>'s role has not been limited to science and academia. In 2002, he became a special adviser of the United Nations to the Government of Serbia. During his work as a government adviser Rakic worked closely with Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic, who was assassinated in 2003 by rogue elements of the Serbian secret police that were still loyal to ousted President Slobodan Milosevic. Before his commitments in the United

masks: Rakić Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts: Nations and the Government of Serbia, <mask> was a senior research fellow at the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies (CHEPS) of Twente University in the Netherlands.<mask> <mask> spent much of his life in the Netherlands, the United States, the Czech Republic and Italy. Currently he is a university professor in Belgrade. From the beginning of 2020, he criticized the President and Government of Serbia for adopting autocratic policies under the pretext of anti-COVID-19 measures, for counterfeiting data about the number of deceased COVID-19 patients, and for organizing undemocratic and unfair elections that were boycotted by the opposition. This resulted in a smear campaign against <mask> by Government controlled media in Serbia (primarily tabloids), as well as by Aleksandar Vučić, the President of Serbia, personally. This smear campaign came abruptly to an end as dozens of the world`s most famous philosophers, ethicists and scientists (including Peter Singer, Arthur Caplan, John Harris, and Julian Savulescu) signed a letter of support for <mask> <mask> that they sent to the political leaders in the United States and in the European Union and in which they asked them to nudge Vučić into stopping his smear campaign and to publicly apologize to <mask>. In August 2020, Rakić was appointed as advisor to Democratic Party President Zoran Lutovac. In October 2020, <mask> founded New 6

masks: Rakić Vojin Rakić Rakić Vojin Rakić Rakić Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts:
 October, an association aimed at the promotion of liberal democratic values in Serbia.Selected articles
 <mask>, V. (2021). “Enhancing Fabiano`s Theory of Moral Enhancement”. American Journal of Bioethics – Neuroscience 12 (2-3):  108-110
  <mask>, V. (2020). “Prostitutes, Sex Surrogates and Sugar Babies”. Sexuality and Culture. Online first: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12119-020-09702-y
 <mask> Vojin, Deborah Mascalzoni, Heidi Beate Bentzen, Isabelle Budin-Ljøsne, Lee Andrew Bygrave, Jessica Bell, Edward S. Dove, Christian Fuchsberger, Kristian Hveem, Michaela Th. Mayrhofer, Viviana Meraviglia, David R. O'Brien, Cristian Pattaro, Peter P. Pramstaller, Alessandra Rossini, Mahsa Shabani, Dan Jerker B. Svantesson,  Marta Tomasi, Lars Ursin, Matthias Wijst, Jane Kaye.(2019). “Are Requirements to Deposit Data in Research Repositories Compatible With the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation?” Annals of Internal Medicine 170(5):332-334
 <mask>, V., Caplan, A, (2019). ‘’Introduction: The Ethical Frontiers of Gene editing’’. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28(1): 4-7
 <mask>, V.(2019).’' Genome Editing for Involuntary Moral Enhancement’’. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28(1): 46-54
<mask> Vojin, Oliver Feeney, Gabriele Werner‐Felmayer, Helena Siipi, Markus Frischhut , Silvia Zullo, Ursela Barteczko, Lars Øystein Ursin, Shai Linn, Heike

masks: Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts:
 Felzmann, Dušanka Krajnović, John Saunders. (2019). “European Electronic Personal Health Records initiatives and vulnerable migrants: A need for greater ethical, legal and social safeguards”.Developing World Bioethics
 <mask>, <mask>. (2018). “Incentivized Goodness”. Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 21(3): 303-309. <mask>, V, Wiseman, H.(2018). "Different Games of Moral Bioenhancement". Bioethics 32(2): 103-110
 <mask>, Vojin.(2018). “Disaster Consequentialims.” In: Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories, eds. Bert Gordijn, Donal O`Mathuna and Vilius Dranseika. Dordrecht: Springer. <mask>, V., Bizić, R., Jeftović, M., Pušica, S., Stojanović, B., Duišin, D., Vujović, S., Đorđević, M. (2018). "Gender Dysphoria: Bioethical Aspects of Medical Treatment". BioMed Research International.<mask>, <mask> and John Harris. (2017). "Enhancement and Goodness". Guest editor of Special Issue of the Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics: 26(3). <mask>, V. (2017). "Moral Bioenhancement and Free Will: Continuing the Debate". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 26(3):384-93
<mask>, V. (2017)."Enhancements: How and Why to Become Better, How and Why to Become Good". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 26(3):358-63
<mask>, V. (2017). "Compulsory Administration of Oxytocin Does Not Result in Genuine Moral Enhancement". Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 20(3): 291–97
<mask>, V.

masks: Rakić Vojin Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Vojin Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts:
 and Ćirković M. (2016). "Confronting Existential Risks with Voluntary Moral Enhancement". Journal of Evolution and Technology 26(2):48–59
Sterckx S, <mask> V, Cockbain J, Borry P. (2016). “'You hoped we would sleep walk into accepting the collection of our data' controversies surrounding the UK care.data scheme and their wider relevance for biomedical research".Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 19(2):177-90. <mask>, V. (2015). "We Must Create Beings with Moral standing Superior to Our Own". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 24(1):58–65
<mask>, V and Hughes J. (2015). "Reflections on Moral Enhancement: Can We? Should We?".Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 24(1):3–6
<mask>, V. (2014). "Voluntary Moral Bioenhancement Is a Solution to Sparrow's Concerns". American Journal of Bioethics 14(4): 37–38
<mask>, V. (2014). "We Can Make Room for SSRIs". American Journal of Bioethics: Neuroscience 5(3): 34–35
<mask>, V. (2014). "Voluntary moral enhancement and the survival-at-any-cost bias". Journal of Medical Ethics 40(4): 246–250.<mask>, V. (2013). "Philosophy for Public Good". Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics 22(3): 271–276. <mask>, V. (2013). "Kant's Semantics of World (State) Making". In: Semantics of Statebulding: Language, Meanings and Sovereignty, eds Nicolas Lemay-Hebert, Nicholas Greenwood Onuf, <mask> Rakic and Petar Bojanic. London: Routledge.<mask>, V.

masks: Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Vojin Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts: (2013). "Introduction: Disputing Weberian Semantics" (co-author with Nicolas Lemay-Hebert and Nicholas Onuf). In: Semantics of Statebulding: Language, Meanings and Sovereignty, eds Nicolas Lemay-Hebert, Nicholas Greenwood Onuf, <mask> Rakic and Petar Bojanic. London: Routledge. Rakic, V. (2012). "The Moral Identity of Europe: From Warfare and Civil Strife to 'In Varietate Concordia'". International Journal for the Semiotics of Law 25 (2): 249–261.Rakic, V. (2012). "From Cognitive to Moral Enhancement: A Possible Reconciliation of Religious Outlooks and the Biotechnological Creation of a Better Human". Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies 11 (31): 113–128. <mask>, V. (2012). "Cognitive Enhancement: Ethical and Political Aspects". In: Bioethik ‒ Medizin ‒ Politik / Bioethics ‒ Medicine ‒ Poltitics, ed. Walter Schweidler, pp.121–26. Eichstatt: Sankt Augustin. <mask>, V. (2003). "The Issue of Human Resources in the Project 'Strengthening Central Support Functions in Serbian Ministries'". South East Europe Review, 2003. (01+02), pp. 179–186.<mask>, V. (2002). "Regional Implications of a Transition: The Case of Serbia". In: Southeast European Security: Threats, Responses, Challenges, ed. Albreacht Schnabel. Huntington, NY: Nova Science Publishers. <mask>, V. (1998). "Theories of Nation Formation and Case Selection: The Meaning of an Alternative Model".Nationalities Papers 26

masks: Vojin Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić


title: Vojin Rakić

texts:
 (4): 599–614

Selected Books
<mask>, V.(2021), How To Enhance Morality. Dordrecht, NL: Springer. <mask>, V. (2021). The Ultimate Enhancement of Morality. Dordrecht, NL: Springer
<mask>, V. (2019). „Genome Editing: Biomedical and Ethical Perspectives“. 2019.Guest editor (with Arthur Caplan) of the Special Issue of  the Cambridge Quarterly of Health Care Ethics: 28(1). <mask>, V. (2013). Semantics of Statebulding: Language, Meanings and Sovereignty (co-editor with Nicolas Lemay-Hebert and Nicholas Greenwood Onuf and Petar Bojanić). London: Routledge. <mask>, V. (2010). A Theory of the Normative Will. Belgrade: Faculty of Economics and Political Science.<mask>, V. (2004). History and Future of Justice. Belgrade: Faculty of Organizational Sciences and VVMZ. <mask>, V. (2003). Hegemony, Culture and Human Resources in Politics. Belgrade: United Nations Development Program and the Faculty of Organizational Sciences. <mask>, V. (2006).Liberalizovanje Srbije: Politička elita koje nema i socijalna psihologija autodestrukcije. Beograd: Centar za razvoj liberalizma i Fakultet za menadžment. Rakić, V. (2004). Kraj istorije i liberalizacija srpske ideje. Beograd: Fakultet za menadžment. External links
The Center for the Study of Bioethics. References

1967 births
21st-century Serbian philosophers
Political philosophers
Serbian political philosophers
Ethics
Kantian philosophers
Living

masks: Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić Rakić


title: Moses Malone

texts: <mask> (March 23, 1955 – September 13, 2015) was an American professional basketball player who played in both the American Basketball Association (ABA) and the National Basketball Association (NBA) from 1974 through 1995. A center, he was named the NBA Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times, was a 12-time NBA All-Star and an eight-time All-NBA Team selection. <mask> led the Philadelphia 76ers to an NBA championship in 1983, winning both the league and Finals MVP. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2001. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players in the sport's history, <mask> is nonetheless seen as one of the most underrated players in NBA history. <mask> began his professional career out of high school after he was selected in the third round of the 1974 ABA draft by the Utah Stars. He was named an ABA All-Star as a rookie and played two seasons in the league until it merged with the NBA in 1976.He landed in the NBA with the Buffalo Braves, who traded him after two games to the Houston Rockets. <mask> became a five-time All-Star in six seasons with the Rockets. After leading the NBA in rebounding in 1979, he was named league MVP for the first time. He led the Rockets to the NBA Finals in 1981, and won his second MVP award in 1982. Traded to Philadelphia the following season, he repeated as MVP and led the 76ers to the 1983 championship. In his first of two stints with Philadelphia, he was an All-Star in each of his four seasons. Following another trade, <mask> was an All-Star in his

masks:
Moses Eugene Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 only two seasons with the then Washington Bullets (today's Wizards).He signed as a free agent with the Atlanta Hawks, earning his 12th straight and final NBA All-Star selection in his first season. In his later years, he played with the Milwaukee Bucks before returning to the 76ers and completing his career with the San Antonio Spurs. <mask> was a tireless and physical player who led the NBA in rebounding six times, including a then-record five straight seasons (1981–1985). Nicknamed the "Chairman of the Boards" for his rebounding prowess, he finished his career as the all-time leader in offensive rebounds after leading both the ABA and NBA in the category a combined nine times. Combining his ABA and NBA statistics, <mask> ranks ninth all-time in career points (29,580) and third in total rebounds (17,834). He was named to the ABA All-Time Team along with the NBA's 50th and 75th anniversary teams. Early life
<mask> was born in Petersburg, Virginia.He was an only child, raised primarily by his mother, Mary, who had dropped out of school after finishing the fifth grade. When <mask> was two years old, Mary forced her husband to move out of their home due to his  <mask>'s father then moved

<mask> attended Petersburg High School, where he played basketball for the school's Crimson Wave. The team went undefeated in his final two years, winning 50 games and back-to-back Virginia state championships. <mask> signed a letter of intent to play college basketball for the University of Maryland under head coach Lefty Driesell. ABA career

Utah Stars (1974–1975)
After

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 the Utah Stars of the American Basketball Association (ABA) selected him in the third round of the 1974 ABA Draft, <mask> decided to become  The New York Times called him "the first high schooler in modern basketball to go directly to the pros". He began his professional career with Utah in the 1974–75 season after signing a five-year contract worth  At  and a somewhat skinny  at the  <mask> began his professional career playing at forward until he bulked up enough to handle the rigors at center. As a rookie, he was named an ABA All-Star and earned ABA All-Rookie

Spirits of St. Louis (1975–1976)
The Stars folded 16 games into the 1975–76 season, and <mask> was sold to the ABA's Spirits of St. Louis to help pay down the Stars' debts.He played for the Spirits for the remainder of the 1975–76 season. In two seasons in the ABA, <mask> averaged 17.2 points and 12.9 rebounds per game. NBA career

Buffalo Braves (1976)
The ABA–NBA merger occurred after the 1975–76 season, but the Spirits of St. Louis were not among the ABA teams chosen to join the NBA. <mask> had already been selected by the NBA's New Orleans Jazz in a December 1975 pre-merger draft for ABA players of undergraduate age. However, the NBA let them place <mask> into the 1976 ABA Dispersal Draft pool in exchange for the return of their first-round draft pick in 1977, which they used to trade for Gail Goodrich. In the 1976 dispersal draft, held for the remaining ABA players, <mask> was selected by the Portland Trail Blazers with the fifth overall pick. The Blazers, however, had also acquired power


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 forward Maurice Lucas in the draft and believed that <mask> and Lucas had similar skill sets.Concerns over the team's salary costs compelled Portland to trade <mask> to the Buffalo Braves prior to the first game of the 1976–77 season for a first-round draft choice in the 1978 NBA draft and $232,000. <mask> played in two games with Buffalo. Because they could not meet <mask>'s demands for playing time, they then traded him to the Houston Rockets in exchange for first-round draft picks in the 1977 and 1978 drafts. Houston Rockets (1976–1982)

1976–77 season
With the Houston Rockets, <mask> played forward opposite Rudy Tomjanovich. He appeared in 82 games overall for both Buffalo and Houston and finished the season averaging 13.2 points per game (ppg) with 13.1 rebounds per game (rpg), ranking third in rpg. <mask> set a then-NBA record with 437 offensive rebounds in a season, going on to surpass the mark two years later. <mask> also blocked 2.21 shots per game, the seventh-most in the league.In the second game of the Eastern Conference Semifinals against the Washington Bullets, <mask> recorded 15 offensive rebounds in the overtime win, setting an NBA playoff record. The Rockets reached the Eastern Conference Finals, where they lost 4–2 to the Philadelphia 76ers, his future team. 1977–78 season: First All-Star selection
During his second season in the NBA, <mask> was diagnosed with a stress fracture in his right foot, which caused him to miss the final 23 games. Despite the time missed to injury, <mask> led the NBA with 380 total offensive rebounds and

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 finished second with 15.0 rpg. His scoring improved to 19.4 ppg, and he made his first appearance in an NBA All-Star Game in 1978. 1978–79 season: First MVP award
During the 1978–79 season, <mask> emerged as one of the top centers in the league after gaining  in the offseason. He averaged 24.8 points with a career-best .540 shooting percentage and established another career high with a league-leading 17.6 rpg while winning the NBA Most Valuable Player Award.He again led the league in offensive rebounds, setting an all-time single-season record with 587 offensive rebounds. He was voted to the All-NBA First Team and the All-Defensive Second Team. He was also voted by fans to start for the East at center in the 1979 NBA All-Star Game. On February 9, he grabbed a career-high 37 rebounds versus the New Orleans Jazz. Although the Rockets qualified for the playoffs, they were eliminated by the Atlanta Hawks in a first-round sweep. <mask> averaged 24.5 points and 20.5 rebounds in the two games. 1979–80 season
In 1979–80, <mask> averaged 25.8 points, fifth-best in the NBA, and 14.5 rebounds, second-best in the league.He was named an All-Star for a third straight season and was also named to the All-NBA Second Team. In the opening round of the playoffs, Houston defeated the San Antonio Spurs in a best-of-three series. <mask> registered 37 points and 20 rebounds in the deciding third game, leading the Rockets to a 141–120 victory. In the conference semifinals, the Rockets lost in a sweep to the Boston Celtics. 1980–81 season
In the 1980–81 season, <mask> led the

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 league with 14.8 rpg in 80 games and was again an All-Star as well as a member of the All-NBA Second Team. He finished second in scoring (28.8) to Adrian Dantley (30.7). On March 11, <mask> scored 51 points against the Golden State Warriors.1981–82 season: Second MVP award
In their first season in the Midwest Division, Houston and the Kansas City Kings tied for second place with identical 40–42 records. The Rockets, with <mask>'s 26.8 ppg and 14.5 rpg during the playoffs, reached the 1981 NBA Finals, but lost 4–2 to the Celtics. During the following season <mask> averaged 31.1 points with 14.7 rebounds and won his second MVP award. He repeated as the NBA leader in rebounds and was the runner-up for the league's scoring title to George Gervin (32.3). He was also the league leader in offensive rebounds (558) and minutes played (3,398, 42.0 per game). At the end of the season <mask> earned his second placement on the All-NBA First Team. He set a career-high in scoring average and also set a single-game career-high with 53 points on February 2 against the San Diego Clippers.Nine days later, on February 11 against the Seattle SuperSonics, <mask> eclipsed his own league record with 21 offensive rebounds. In <mask>'s last season in Houston the Rockets followed their NBA Finals appearance in 1981 with a first-round exit in the 1982 playoffs. Though he averaged 24.0 points with 17.0 rebounds, Seattle defeated Houston 2–1. Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986)

1982–83 season: Championship season and Finals MVP
<mask> became a restricted free agent after the 1981–82


title: Moses Malone

texts: season. He signed an offer sheet of six-years for $13.2 million with the Philadelphia 76ers on September 2, 1982. The 76ers were coming off a 4–2 loss in the Finals to the Los Angeles Lakers, whose center, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, dominated their big-man duo of Darryl Dawkins and Caldwell Jones. The Rockets franchise was sold, and the new owners decided that <mask>'s $2 million annual salary did not fit their plans.Houston matched the offer and agreed to trade <mask> to the 76ers for Jones and their first-round pick in the 1983 NBA draft on September 15. With Julius Erving, Maurice Cheeks, Andrew Toney, and Bobby Jones, the Sixers ran away from the league en route to the NBA championship. <mask> was named the league MVP for the second straight year, becoming the only NBA player ever to win the award in consecutive seasons with two different teams, a feat matched only by Barry Bonds (1992–1993) in the four major American sports leagues. That year, <mask> averaged 15.3 rebounds per game, which led the league for the third consecutive year, and also averaged 24.5 points, which was fifth-best in the NBA. He was an All-Star for the sixth consecutive season and earned first-team honors on both the All-NBA and All-Defensive teams. The 76ers lost only one game in the postseason as they won the league championship, defeating the Lakers in a 4–0 sweep in the 1983 NBA Finals. In 13 playoff games, <mask> averaged 26.0 points with 15.8 rebounds.He was named the Finals MVP, having outrebounded Abdul-Jabbar 72–30 in the series. It was also around this time that <mask> began to

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 tutor Hakeem Olajuwon, passing on the torch to the future Rockets superstar. His head coach Billy Cunningham said, "Let's not make believe. The difference from last year was <mask>." Before the playoffs began, <mask> predicted in Southern vernacular that Philadelphia would go "fo, fo, fo", envisioning a four-game sweep in each of the playoffs' three rounds. His prediction (and its formulation) became famous: The New York Times called it "an enduring quotation" and "an unforgettable line," and Comcast SportsNet called it "one of the greatest rallying cries ever uttered." As it transpired, the Sixers only lost one playoff game (Game 4 of the Eastern Conference Finals to the Milwaukee Bucks) en route to making <mask> a world champion for the first time, sweeping the Knicks in the first round and the Lakers in the finals.This led to the inside of that year's championship ring being inscribed "fo' fi' fo (four, five, four)." The 76ers' 12–1 cruise through the 1983 playoffs was, at the time, the most dominant playoff run in NBA history. 1983–84 season
In the 1983–84 season <mask> led the league in rebounding with 13.4 rpg. He was limited to 71 games that season due to ankle injuries, his lowest since the 1977–78 season. <mask> scored 22.7 ppg in his second season with Philadelphia and was named to the All-NBA Second Team. <mask> was selected again for the All-Star Game but he was unable to play because of an ankle injury. During the season he averaged 21.4 points with 13.8 rebounds in five games in the playoffs, but Philadelphia lost in a first-round upset

masks: Moses Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 against the New Jersey Nets.1984–85 season
The Sixers selected Charles Barkley in the 1984 NBA draft. When he reported to training camp at , <mask> began to mentor him, encouraging him to get in better shape. Barkley got down to  and made the NBA All-Rookie Team. In the 1984–85 season, <mask> recorded 13.1 rpg, leading the NBA in rebounding for a record-setting fifth straight season (since surpassed by Dennis Rodman with seven consecutive seasons). He was voted by a fan ballot to the All-Star team for the eighth time and finished the season with 24.6 ppg, which ranked ninth-best in the league. He received his fourth All-NBA First Team honor and finished third in the NBA Most Valuable Player Award balloting; the award was won by Larry Bird. <mask> scored his 15,000th NBA point on November 28, and grabbed his 10,000th NBA rebound on March 29.He scored 51 points against the Detroit Pistons on November 14. The 76ers reached the Eastern Conference Finals in 1985 but were defeated 4–1 by the Celtics. 1985–86 season
<mask>'s 1985–86 season ended when he suffered an orbital fracture in his right eye in a March 28 game against the Bucks. Despite hopes that he might return during the playoffs, he was ruled out for the postseason. In the Eastern Conference Semifinals, Philadelphia lost 4–3 to the Bucks. <mask> averaged 23.8 points with 11.8 rebounds in 74 appearances that season. He ranked seventh in the league in scoring and fourth in rebounding, ending his five-season streak as the NBA rebounding champion.<mask> was named an All-Star, but he was not named to the


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 All-NBA Team, the first time he was not selected since 1978. Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Shortly after the 1985–86 season, Philadelphia traded <mask>, Terry Catledge, and two first-round draft picks to the Washington Bullets in exchange for Jeff Ruland and Clifford T. Robinson. <mask> bounced back from an injury-shortened 1985–86 campaign, averaging 24.1 points with 11.3 rebounds. He was named to his 10th consecutive All-Star Game and again was named to the All-NBA Second Team. <mask> was the only player to finish in the top 10 in both ppg and rpg; he placed ninth in both categories. <mask> scored his 20,000th NBA point on April 12 against the Detroit Pistons. He scored 50 points versus the New Jersey Nets on April 8, joining Earl Monroe (56) and Phil Chenier (52) as the only Bullets players ever to score 50 points in a game.Washington appeared in the postseason but was swept by the Pistons in the first round. <mask> averaged 20.7 points and 12.7 rebounds in the series. In his 12th NBA season, <mask> ranked eighth in the NBA in rebounding (11.2) and 19th in scoring (20.3). <mask> was named to his 11th consecutive All-Star Game in 1988. <mask> scored in double figures in 76 of 79 games and recorded 55 double-doubles for the year. The Bullets reached the 1988 NBA Playoffs, but lost to Detroit 3–2 in their first-round series. <mask> averaged 18.6 points with 11.2 rebounds in the series.Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)

1988–89 season: Final All-Star selection
Before the 1988–89 season, <mask> agreed to a three-year deal to play with the Atlanta Hawks. The Hawks,


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 featuring Dominique Wilkins, had won at least 50 games in the prior three seasons, and believed the free-agent center was a missing piece to a potential championship team. During the season, <mask> averaged 20.2 points with 11.8 rebounds, becoming the first and only player in professional history to average 20 points and 10 rebounds for four different teams. He was voted by a fan ballot to the 1989 NBA All-Star Game, which was his 12th straight and final appearance. <mask> reached double figures in points in 75 of his 81 games and recorded double figures in rebounds 55 times. On February 4, 1989, he scored a season-high 37 points against the Phoenix Suns. The Hawks were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs by Milwaukee.In the series, <mask> scored 21.0 ppg and had 12.0 rpg. 1989–90 season
The following season, <mask> finished with 18.9 ppg and 10.0 rpg, ending a string of 11 consecutive 20–10 campaigns. <mask> led the NBA with 364 offensive rebounds and tied for eighth in rpg. In Mike Fratello's final year as head coach, Atlanta finished with a 41–41 record, failing to qualify for the playoffs. <mask> began the 1990–91 season as the Hawks' starting center, but after 15 games, Atlanta's new coach, Bob Weiss, made Jon Koncak the starter and <mask> his backup for the final 67 contests. 1990–91 season
Coming off the bench for the first time in his career, <mask> averaged 10.6 points with 8.1 rebounds in 23.3 minutes per game while starting just 18 of 82 games played during the 1990–91 season—all career lows at that point. On November 3, against the

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 Indiana Pacers, <mask> became the NBA career leader in free throws made with 7,695, besting the previous record set by Oscar Robertson.On November 21, against the Bucks, <mask> scored his 25,000th career point. On March 15, he recorded his 15,000th career rebound against the Dallas Mavericks. <mask> surpassed Wilt Chamberlain's mark of consecutive games without fouling out with his 1,046th straight game against the Detroit Pistons on April 19. The Hawks returned to the playoffs but were eliminated in the first round by Detroit, 3–2. In the series, <mask> averaged just 4.2 points with 6.2 rebounds. Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
A free agent after the 1990–91 season, <mask> signed a two-year contract with the Milwaukee Bucks. <mask> was reported to earn $1.6 million in the first season and $2 million for the second season.<mask> once again started at center during the 1991–92 season, averaging 15.6 points with 9.1 rebounds while playing in all 82 games. He led the Bucks in rebounding and finished second on the team in scoring. He scored a season-high 30 points twice and grabbed 19 rebounds against the Seattle SuperSonics on March 27. Milwaukee finished with a 31–51 record, tied for last place of the Central Division with the Charlotte Hornets. After one practice in training camp in October 1992, <mask> was sidelined due to a herniated disc in his back. After trying to play through the pain, he decided to have surgery in November. Recovery from the surgery caused <mask> to miss the majority of the 1992–93 season.He returned to the Bucks on March 27, appearing in

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 11 games during the remainder of the season. Struggling with the younger players on their roster, the Bucks finished 28–54 and last in the Central Division. Return to Philadelphia (1993–1994)
The Philadelphia 76ers signed <mask> as a free agent in August, so that he could serve as a backup and mentor to  rookie Shawn Bradley. <mask> appeared in 55 games as a reserve for the 76ers, averaging 5.3 points with 4.1 rebounds. San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)
In 1994, <mask> signed with the San Antonio Spurs, where he was used as a back-up center to David Robinson. The 1994–95 NBA season was his last in the NBA, and at that time, he was the only remaining active former ABA player. During the final game of his NBA career, against the Charlotte Hornets, he hit a buzzer-beating three-point shot from the opposing free throw line,  away from the goal.He played 17 games for the Spurs. Player profile
<mask> stood  and weighed . Described as"relentless" and "a force on the boards like no other," he pounded his opponents into submission  with ferocious effort and physical play. Nicknamed "Chairman of the Boards" for his rebounding prowess, he was notable for rebounding and scoring off his own misses, possessing the strength, quickness, and zeal to recover the ball before his opponents. This led to some contending he intentionally missed shots to pad his rebounding statistics. He was not a very good passer. When Carroll Dawson, an assistant coach with the Rockets, suggested that <mask> needed to improve his passing, he replied, "They ain't paying me to pass."He finished his


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 career with the most combined ABA and NBA offensive rebounds (7,382), 35 percent over runner-up Artis Gilmore. Nine times he led his respective league in offensive rebounds, and five other times he finished in the top three. He also holds NBA records for the most offensive rebounds in a career (6,731), season (587), and game (21). <mask> was a 13-time All-Star, and earned eight All-NBA selections, ranking ninth all-time with 29,580 points, and third with 17,834 rebounds. He is one of three players to exceed 28,000 points and 17,000 rebounds. He also ranks second all-time in free throws made (9,018) and attempted (11,864). <mask> is one of just eight players who have been named NBA MVP three or more times.He led the league in rebounds six times, including five straight from 1980 through 1985. He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 2001. The Rockets retired his No. 24 jersey in 1998, and the 76ers retired his No. 2 on February 8, 2019. In addition to retiring <mask>'s jersey number, the 76ers also unveiled a statue in front of the team's training facility in Camden, New Jersey. Awards and honors
 1983 NBA champion
 1983 NBA Finals MVP
 3× NBA MVP
 13× All-Star (1 ABA, 12 NBA)
 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (class of 2001)
 No.2 retired by the Philadelphia 76ers
 No. 24 retired by the Houston Rockets
 NBA 50th Anniversary Team (1996)
 NBA 75th Anniversary Team (2021)

Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Alfreda Gill, had two sons, <mask> Jr. and <mask>. Alfreda sued for divorce in

masks:
Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone
Moses Eugene
Michael Malone


title: Moses Malone

texts:
 September 1991, on the grounds of irreconcilable differences, cruelty, and adultery. She got a restraining order in June 1992, ordering <mask> to refrain from contact with her during the course of the lawsuit. At that time, <mask> denied allegations that he abused his wife or threatened to kill her. The divorce was granted in October 1992. In January 1993, <mask> was arrested driving in Galveston, Texas, across Galveston Bay from his former wife's home, for having violated a peace bond Alfreda had obtained.Her affidavit for its issuance alleged that <mask> had stalked her, illegally entered her home in League City, Texas, damaged her property and threatened to kill her. <mask> posted bail and was released. <mask> dated Leah Nash, whom he had met in 2006, though they did not marry nor live together. They had a son, Micah Francois <mask>, who was six years old at the time of <mask>'s death. <mask> died in his sleep from heart disease at the age of 60, on the morning of September 13, 2015, at a hotel in Norfolk, Virginia. He had been scheduled to play in a charity golf tournament that day and was found unresponsive in his room when he did not appear for breakfast or answer his phone. <mask> had previously complained of an irregular heartbeat and was reported to have been wearing a heart monitor when he died.<mask> is buried at Memorial Oaks Cemetery in Houston, Texas. NBA career statistics

Regular season

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Utah (ABA)
| 83 ||  || 38.6 || .571 || .000 || .635 || 14.6 || 1.0 || 1.0 || 1.5 || 18.8
|-
|

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Saul Ascher

texts:
<mask> (6 February 1767 in Berlin – 8 December 1822 in Berlin) was a German writer, translator and bookseller. Life

<mask> (born <mask>f), was the first child of Deiche Aaron (c. 1744 Frankfurt – 1820 Berlin), and bank broker Anschel Jaffe (1745 Berlin – 1812 Berlin). In 1785, he attended high school in Landsberg an der Warthe (today Gorzów Wielkopolski). <mask> married Rachel Spanier on 6 June 1789 in Hanover. Spanier was the daughter of Nathan Spanier, the head of the Ravensberg Jewish community. On 6 October 1795, their only child, a daughter Wilhelmine, was born. On 6 April 1810 <mask> was arrested in Berlin, but was released on April 25 due to political pressure.On 6 October, he was awarded a doctoral degree in absentia from the University of Halle. In 1812, the year his father died, <mask> received his letter of citizenship. <mask> stepped forward in 1816 in the Jewish reform-oriented Gesellschaft der Freunde (Society of Friends). At the book burning at the Wartburg festival on 18 October 1817, <mask>'s writing "Die Germanomanie" ("The German Mania") was also burned. In October 1822 <mask> fell ill, and on 8 December 1822 he died of "exhaustion." Activity

<mask> met and befriended Heinrich Zschokke in 1789. He also became friends with Solomon Maimon, Johann Friedrich Cotta and Marx's teacher Eduard Gans.Throughout his life, <mask> was rejected as a Jewish theorist and writer. Leopold Zunz remarked in 1818 that <mask> was an "enemy of all fanaticism, against the Deutschtümler ("those displaying jingoistic Germanness"), and his that his upstanding moral

masks:
Saul Ascher
Saul Ascher
Saul ben Anschel Jaf
Ascher
Ascher
Ascher
Ascher
Ascher
Saul Ascher
Ascher
Ascher
Ascher


title: Saul Ascher

texts:
 character was often not appreciated". <mask> was a prolific writer. His work can be divided into three different areas: author, translator, and editor/publisher. Early on, <mask> worked as a publisher. His editorial work, as well as his authored works, bore various pseudonyms. <mask> was a member and correspondent for various magazines, including the Berlin Monatsschrift, Berlin Archive of Time and Taste, Eunomia, Literary Newspaper Hall, Morning Paper for the Educated Classes of Cotta, Miscellany for New World Client by Zschokke, Journal de l'Empire.<mask> founded and distributed at least two magazines himself. In 1810, a politically difficult year for <mask>, he founded the "World and Spirit", which was published until 1811 in six issues. Teaching
In his first publication, "Bemerkungen über die bürgerliche Verbesserung der Juden" ("Remarks on the Civil Improvement of the Jews"), <mask> noted:
 "Repression creates despondency of the spirit, contempt suppresses every germ of morality and education, tracking every germ of morality. No nation is more persecuted and despised than the Jewish." Unlike other Jewish writers, <mask> was against Jews being forced to military service as this would only involve Jews of limited means, and not the upper classes. In 1799, his ideas on natural history of the political revolutions were banned. Legacy

Historically effect emancipation is <mask> behind other contemporary representatives of the fallen significantly.In his "Harz Journey", Heinrich Heine speaks of him. Ironically, he describes <mask> as a "reason doctor" and leaves him

masks: Ascher Ascher Ascher Ascher Ascher Ascher Ascher Ascher Ascher


title: Saul Ascher

texts:
 after his death as a ghost appears, with the help of the teachings of Kant's "witching hour" the non-existence of ghosts seeking to prove-in. At the same time, Heine points out, however, <mask> had influenced him in his development. The literature professor Reinhold Steig addresses in his book, "Heinrich von Kleist's Berliner struggles" (Stuttgart 1901) the one-sided and distorted view of Ascher and his disputes with Kleist. Based on a dissertation by Fritz Pinkuss of 1928, Walter Grave in 1977 was the first to represent an in-depth essay by <mask>. Even Peter Hacks has in 1989 and 1990 in two papers, the title "Ascher against Jahn" were grouped under the order political classification and appraisal Asher tried one. An important role as a counter-figure to Clemens Brentano and Achim von Arnim played Ascher in the context of recent research on the relationship between romance and anti-Semitism (see "Literature" the study by Puschner).In his two-part essay, "The Falcon" André Thielelast in his collection "A world in ruins," (2008) has presented preliminary work for a comprehensive biography of <mask>, as well as a bibliography of the primary title, 50% more extensive compared to previously known titles. In 2010, two new editions of works by <mask> announced a one-volume selection from the work in the Böhlau Verlag, Bonn, and the first volume of a comprehensive edition of works published by André Thiele, Mainz. Ein Beitrag zur Staats- und Menschenkunde. (1809)
 Auguste Lambert, Praxède oder der französische Werther. (1809)
 Charles Ganilh, Untersuchungen über die Systeme

masks:
Ascher
Ascher
Ascher
Saul Ascher


title: Saul Ascher

texts:
 der politischen Ökonomie. (1811, anonym)
 Auguste Lambert, Schwärmereien der Liebe. (1816)
 Bernard v. Mandeville, Fabel von den Bienen.(1818, kommentiert)

Published post-mortem
 Ideen zur natürlichen Geschichte der Revolutionen, Kronberg/Ts. 1975
 4 Flugschriften, Berlin und Weimar 1990
 Ausgewählte Werke. Hrsg. Renate Best, Köln 2010,  (umfasst vier Texte)
 Werkausgabe. Theoretische Schriften, Band 1: Flugschriften, Hrsg. André Thiele, Mainz 2010,  (umfasst sieben Essays)

Literature

 Fritz Pinkuss: "<mask>, ein Theoretiker der Judenemanzipation aus der Generation nach Moses Mendelssohn", in: Zeitschrift für die Geschichte der Juden in Deutschland VI (1936), S. 28–32. Walter Grab: "<mask>cher.Ein jüdisch-deutscher Spätaufklärer zwischen Revolution und Restauration", in: Ders. : Ein Volk muss seine Freiheit selbst erobern. Zur Geschichte der deutschen Jakobiner, Frankfurt 1984, S. 461–494. Peter Hacks: Ascher gegen Jahn. Ein Freiheitskampf, Berlin: Aufbau 1991. Christoph Schulte: Die jüdische Aufklärung: Philosophie, Religion, Geschichte,  C.H. Beck, 2002, .André Thiele: "Der Falke", in: Ders. : Eine Welt in Scherben, Mainz 2008, , S. 39–64. Marco Puschner: Antisemitismus im Kontext der politischen Romantik. Konstruktionen des "Deutschen" und des "Jüdischen" bei Arnim, Brentano und <mask>eyer, 2008 (Conditio Judaica; 72). References

External links

 Fundstellen von / über <mask> bei Google-Books, nur Volltexte
 Die 2010 gegründete <mask> Seite

1767 births
1822 deaths
Jewish philosophers
Jewish German writers
German non-fiction writers
German male

masks:
Saul Ascher
Saul As
Saul Ascherem
Saul Ascher
Saul Ascher


title: Young Tom Morris

texts:
<mask> (20 April 1851 – 25 December 1875), known as <mask> and also <mask>, was a Scottish professional golfer. He is considered one of the pioneers of professional golf, and was the first young prodigy in golf history. He won four consecutive titles in the Open Championship, an unmatched feat, and did this by the age of 21. <mask> was born in St Andrews, the "Home of Golf", and died there on Christmas Day, 1875, aged 24. His father, Old <mask>, was the greenkeeper and professional of the St Andrews Links, and himself won four of the first eight Open Championships. <mask>'s first Open Championship win – in 1868 at age 17 – made him the youngest major champion in the PGA, a record which still stands. Education
For many years it was thought on the basis of a baptismal certificate that <mask> was born on 10 May 1851, but in 2006 his birth certificate was discovered in Edinburgh.Young <mask> moved with his family as an infant from St Andrews to Prestwick, where his father took a new position as the golf professional and greenkeeper. Young <mask> studied at the prestigious Ayr Academy up to his early teens. The <mask> family was becoming more prosperous, and hence able to afford the expensive private school fees, in the range of £15 per year. At the Academy, Young <mask> studied with the sons of noblemen and wealthy businessmen, and would put his schooling to good use in his golf game and in his personal relationships. Early golf development
<mask> learned golf from a young age over the Prestwick Golf Club links, which had been laid out by his father, the club's professional and greenkeeper, in 1851. He bypassed the caddying and clubmaking roles, which were the usual entry to golf for young players at that time; he was the first future top player to do this. <mask> beat his father for the first time at the age of 13 in 1864 in

masks:
Thomas Morris
Young Tom Morris
Tommy Morris
Morris
Tom Morris
Young Tom
Morris
Tom
Tom
Morris
Tom
Morris
Morris


title: Young Tom Morris

texts:
 a friendly game at St Andrews; at the time his father was Open Champion.<mask>, just before his 13th birthday, travelled with his father to a tournament at Perth, at the King James VI Golf Club, in April 1864, but was not allowed to compete in either the professional or amateur sections. The organisers instead arranged a match over the course with a local youth champion. <mask> won this match decisively and was awarded a prize of five pounds, a significant amount at the time; the two young stars had been followed by a large gallery. His match score would have won the professional tournament. Young champion
<mask> made his debut aged 14 in the Open Championship in 1865, performing creditably, but dropped out and failed to complete the event. He was placed 9th in 1866, 18 shots behind the winner, and in 1867 <mask> was placed fourth in the Open Championship. Also in 1867, the <mask> duo travelled to Carnoustie Golf Links for a significant open tournament, which attracted a strong field of 32 players, the largest seen anywhere up to that time.Young <mask>, at the age of 16, finished in a tie for first place, and then won the playoff over Willie Park Sr. (who would eventually win four Open Championships) and Robert "Bob" Andrew. With this win, he came to general notice and acclaim for the first time. Champion of Scotland
Young <mask> won the Open Championship in 1868, 1869, 1870, and 1872 (there was no Open Championship in 1871). No one else has since repeated this feat of four straight Open Championships. All four championships were played at Prestwick Golf Club, the course where he had learned golf as a youth. His 1868 win, at the age of 17, made him the youngest major champion in golf history, a record which still stands. That same year, his father finished second to him, a unique family occurrence in the Championship.In

masks:
Young Tom
Young Tom
Young Tom
Young Tom
Morris
Tom
Tom


title: Young Tom Morris

texts: 1869, <mask> achieved the tournament's first ever hole-in-one by holing out at the 166-yard 8th hole: the scorecard is on display in Prestwick's clubhouse. In keeping with the Rules of the Tournament, <mask> was allowed to keep the original Challenge Belt, made of red Moroccan leather with an engraved golf scene on its front silver buckle and funded by Prestwick's members, after his hat-trick of victories. The famous Claret Jug was purchased for the tournament in 1873, and his became the first name to be engraved on it, as he had won the Open Championship in 1872. During his 1870 win, he began the tournament by scoring a 3 on the first hole of 578 yards, using hickory shafts and a guttie ball, holing a long fairway shot of about 200 yards; given the distances which were possible at that time, this may have been the first-ever albatross (double eagle), assuming a par of 6 for that hole; the term 'par' had not yet been formally invented. His first-round Open score in 1870 of 47 over the 12-hole Prestwick course was the first competitive round anywhere which averaged under four strokes per hole. The <mask>es, father and son, frequently competed as partners against all challengers for match stakes, winning most of the time, although their success rate dropped once Old <mask> passed 50, as he sometimes struggled with his putting. <mask> also toured Scotland and parts of England, both on his own and with fellow golfer Davie Strath, playing exhibition matches on their own account, without official sanction; this was the first time this had been done.Young <mask> and Strath received some criticism for this, as it challenged the established structure of competition at that time. They were also the first players to insist on receiving money up front before a match was to be held; this was the foundation of appearance money, and

masks:
Young Tom
Young Tom
Tom Morris
Tom
Young Tom
Tom


title: Young Tom Morris

texts:
 prior to this the players were at the mercy of the result and the match's patrons. <mask> also bet against members and other takers at St Andrews that he could score below a given standard over the Old Course, and won seven times straight. This form of betting was also an innovation at the time. Breaks record over Old Course
Young <mask> broke the course record over the Old Course at St Andrews by two strokes with a score of 77, to win an extended playoff over Musselburgh's star Bob Ferguson for the 1869 St Andrews Professional Tournament; this score then stood as the course record for 20 years. The previous mark of 79 (first set in 1858) had been scored by Allan Robertson and Old <mask>. Playing style
<mask> stood about 5'8" with a sturdy, wiry build, and had very strong wrists.He gripped the club with an interlocking grip as clearly seen on his famous photo with his father, in Gallery below. He had a lengthy backswing, and generally swung quite hard on most of his longer shots, but kept some power in reserve. His long shots were usually low to medium in trajectory, and ran out to very good distances, comparable with most of his main rivals; this technique kept the ball in play, minimized trouble, and fought the wind very well. He was among the first players to intentionally shape shots to curve in flight for shot-making strategy. He invented a new use for the rut iron, a club designed to escape ruts from cart tracks on the course, not an unusual situation in the days before courses were extensively groomed. <mask> used the rut iron (a lofted club similar to the modern sand wedge) as a pitching club for short approaches, hitting high shots over hazards, which sometimes landed with backspin, another innovation. This was a very difficult shot requiring great skill.Prior to this, the pure running approach, together with the

masks:
Morris
Tom
Tom Morris
Morris
Morris


title: Young Tom Morris

texts:
 chip-and-run, were the usual methods. He used the niblick (like a modern 9-iron) for similar purposes from farther away; iron play was developed significantly by his examples, which were taken up by rivals. <mask> was also an exceptional putter and chipper, virtually always giving the hole a chance, and he won many encounters with clutch short shots. One golf historian wrote that <mask> missed fewer short putts than any player he had ever seen. His putting method was unusual: he took an open stance and played the ball very close to his right (back) foot. <mask> managed his game well, generally choosing high-percentage shots and routes over more risky options (akin to his father's style), but was rarely afraid to take a calculated risk (being more daring than his father). <mask> often was able to raise his game when the pressure increased.When on form, his game was complete and without weaknesses. He was the first golfer in that category, and one of no more than a handful throughout golf history. Personal life and death

In a team match on 11 September 1875 at North Berwick, with the <mask>es facing brothers Willie and Mungo Park, <mask> received a telegram from home requesting his immediate return; his pregnant wife, Margaret Drinnen, had gone into a difficult labour. Only two holes remained in the match; Old <mask> and <mask> finished the match, winning, and hurried home by ship across the Firth of Forth and up the coast, but when <mask> got there both his wife and newborn baby were dead. Young <mask> was broken-hearted. Not quite four months later, on Christmas Day, he died at the age of 24. The official cause of death, according to his death certificate, was pulmonary hemorrhage causing apnea.Young <mask> had played and won a marathon challenge match in terrible weather a few weeks earlier, and this may have weakened

masks:
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Morris
Young Tom
Tom
Young Tom
Young Tom
Tom
Tom


title: Young Tom Morris

texts:
 him. Legacy
<mask> was a tremendous golf innovator who raised the playing standard significantly, and this, together with his aggressive promotion of his own skills, led to an enormous increase in the popularity of golf for spectators. Some of his challenge matches attracted thousands of spectators from all over Scotland. Such was the interest that major London newspapers and magazines sent correspondents to Scotland, a 400-mile trip by rail, to cover his challenge matches in the 1870s. Although <mask> won a very high percentage of his matches and tournaments, he managed to minimise animosity among rivals, who had to improve their own games to stay competitive. He had a friendly personality, and was widely respected. <mask> was ranked the 14th best golfer of all time in a survey published in Golf Magazine, September 2009.He was the top player whose career was entirely in the 19th century. His father, Old <mask>, was ranked 19th. Major championship

Wins (4)

Results timeline

Note: The Open Championship was the only major played during <mask>'s lifetime. NT = No tournament
WD = Withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Green background for wins. Yellow background for top-10

Depictions in film and print
The 2016 film Tommy's Honour depicts the lives and careers of Old <mask> (Peter Mullan) and Young <mask> (Jack Lowden), and focuses on their complex and bittersweet relationship. It is based on Kevin Cook's Herbert Warren Wind Book Award–winning 2007 biography, Tommy's Honor: The Story of Old <mask> and Young <mask>, Golf's Founding Father and Son. References

Further reading

External links

World Golf Hall of Fame profile

Scottish male golfers
Winners of men's major golf championships
World Golf Hall of Fame inductees
People educated at Ayr Academy
Sportspeople from South Ayrshire
Golfers from St Andrews
1851 births
1875

masks:
Morris
Morris
Morris
Tom
Morris
Tom
Tom
Tom Morris
Tom Morris


title: Ed Bailey

texts:
<mask>, Jr. (April 15, 1931 – March 23, 2007) was an American professional baseball player and later served on the Knoxville, Tennessee city council. He played as a catcher in Major League Baseball from  through . A six-time All-Star, <mask> was one of the top catchers in the National League in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Born in Strawberry Plains in Jefferson County, Tennessee, <mask> batted left-handed, threw right-handed and was listed as  tall and . A younger brother, Jim, was a left-handed pitcher who had a brief big-league trial as <mask>'s teammate on the 1959 Cincinnati Reds. Major League career
<mask> signed with the Reds in 1950 as an amateur free agent. He reached the Majors in 1953 and in 1955 he was given a chance as the Redlegs' (the Cincinnati team's nickname from 1953–58) starting catcher, replacing Andy Seminick.When his offensive production floundered, the Redlegs traded Seminick for catcher Smoky Burgess and <mask> was sent down to the San Diego Padres of the Pacific Coast League. With the help of some batting advice from Redlegs manager and former catcher Birdie Tebbetts, his hitting improved in the minor leagues and continued to improve in the Venezuelan Winter League. <mask> began the 1956 season as the backup catcher to Burgess, but when the team faltered early in the season, Tebbetts decided to shake things up and named <mask> as the Redlegs' starting catcher. By mid-season, he was the leading hitter in the National League with a .335 batting average, helping to spur the Redlegs into first place. His hitting performance earned him a place as the starting catcher for the National League in the 1956 All-Star Game. The Redlegs stayed in the pennant race until the last day of the season, ending up with a 91–63 record, two games behind the Brooklyn Dodgers. <mask> ended the 1956 season with career-highs

masks:
Lonas Edgar Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Ed
Ed Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Bailey


title: Ed Bailey

texts: in batting average (.300), home runs (28), runs batted in (75), and led the league in baserunners caught stealing (23).In 1957, the Redlegs were once again in first place at mid-season, but faltered to finish the season in fourth place. <mask> earned his second consecutive start for the National League All-Star Team, led National League catchers with a 46.2 Caught Stealing percentage and finished second to Roy Campanella with a .992 fielding percentage. He remained as the Reds' starting catcher for the rest of the 1950s up until 12 games into the 1961 season, when he was traded to the San Francisco Giants for second baseman Don Blasingame and catcher Bob Schmidt. In 1962, <mask> platooned with catcher Tom Haller, as the two players—both left-handed hitters—combined to give the Giants 35 home runs and 100 runs batted in from the catcher's position. In June of that year, <mask> had a streak of 3 clutch home runs in four games that propelled the Giants into first place. The Giants battled the Los Angeles Dodgers in a tight pennant race as the two teams ended the season tied for first place and met in the 1962 National League tie-breaker series. The Giants won the three-game series to clinch the National League championship.<mask> appeared in six games of the 1962 World Series, hitting a home run in Game 3 as the Giants lost to the New York Yankees in seven games. He had another strong year in 1963, hitting 21 home runs with 68 runs batted in, earning his fifth and final All-Star berth. In December 1963, <mask> was traded along with Felipe Alou and Billy Hoeft to the Milwaukee Braves for Del Crandall, Bob Hendley and Bob Shaw. He served as Joe Torre's back up for two seasons with the Braves before being traded back to the Giants in February 1965. After just fourteen games of the 1965 season, he was traded again, this time to the

masks: Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey Bailey


title: Ed Bailey

texts:
 Chicago Cubs, where he served as a backup catcher to Vic Roznovsky. On July 22, 1965, <mask> hit a grand slam home run, a three-run home run and a run-scoring single to drive home eight runs during a game against the Philadelphia Phillies. After the  season, he was traded to the California Angels and was released after appearing in only five games of the 1966 season.Career statistics
In a fourteen-season major league career, <mask> played in 1,212 games with 915 hits in 3,581 at bats for a .256 batting average along with 155 home runs and 540 runs batted in, including 423 runs, a .355 on-base percentage and a .986 fielding percentage. He was a six-time All-Star and led National League catchers in baserunners caught stealing and caught stealing percentage once each. At the time of his retirement, he ranked 11th overall for career home runs by a catcher. His younger brother, pitcher <mask>, also played in the Major Leagues. When his brother joined the Reds in 1959, the <mask> brothers became one of the few brother-batteries in Major League history. In between, <mask> guided both the Lácteos de Pastora and Industriales de Valencia to Venezuela League championship titles, and later played with them in the Caribbean Series tournament in 1954 and 1956, respectively. 1957 All-Star Game ballot stuffing controversy
In , <mask> and six of his Redleg teammates—Roy McMillan, Johnny Temple, Don Hoak, Gus Bell, Wally Post and Frank Robinson—were voted into the National League All-Star starting lineup, the result of a ballot stuffing campaign by Redlegs fans.Major League Baseball Commissioner Ford Frick intervened, removing Bell and Post from the starting line up and replacing them with Hank Aaron and Willie Mays. Frick allowed Bell to remain on the team as a reserve while Post was removed from the team altogether. The Commissioner also

masks:
Bailey
Bailey
Jim Bailey
Bailey
Bailey
Bailey


title: Ed Bailey

texts:
 transferred the responsibility for All-Star voting to the players, managers and coaches the following year. On television
In 1956 appeared as a Mystery Guest in a What's My Line? episode, along with Cincinnati teammates Gus Bell, Smoky Burgess, Ray Jablonski, Johnny Klippstein, Ted Kluszewski, Roy McMillan, Joe Nuxhall, Wally Post, Frank Robinson, and Johnny Temple. Later life
<mask> later served for 12 years on the Knoxville, Tennessee city council from 1983 to 1995 and, worked for United States Congressman Jimmy Duncan. He died in Knoxville in 2007, following a battle with throat cancer.Highlights
Made the National League All-Star team in 1956–57, 1960–61, and 1963. Hit double figures in home runs in eight of his 14 ML seasons. Hit three home runs in one 1956 game. Had eight pinch-hit homers, including two grand slams. Hit a two-run homer in Game 3 of the 1962 World Series. Collected eight RBI in a 1965 game. Made two unassisted double plays in 1963 and 1965.Caught Juan Marichal's no-hitter on June 15, 1963. References

External links

 Baseball Library
 Retrosheet
 Venezuelan Professional Baseball League
 Bailey- Next Catching Great?, by Bob Pile, Baseball Digest, August 1956
 What's My Line? – IMDb entry

1931 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Baseball players from Knoxville, Tennessee
California Angels players
Chicago Cubs players
Cincinnati Redlegs players
Cincinnati Reds players
Deaths from cancer in Tennessee
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Industriales de Valencia players
Lácteos de Pastora players
Major League Baseball catchers
Milwaukee Braves players
National League All-Stars
Ogden Reds players
People from Strawberry Plains, Tennessee
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
San Francisco Giants players
Tennessee city council members
Tennessee Volunteers baseball players
Tulsa Oilers (baseball)


title: Ethel D. Allen

texts:
<mask><mask> (May 8, 1929 – December 16, 1981) was an African-American politician and physician from the Republican Party, who served as the Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania under governor <mask> for 10 months, between January and October 1979. Prior to serving in the state cabinet, <mask> was a member of the Philadelphia City Council from 1972 until 1979, representing both the 5th and At-Large Districts. Early life

<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She studied at West Virginia State College, where she majored in chemistry and biology with a minor in mathematics, and went on to earn her Doctor of Osteopathy from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine in 1963. While her parents were active in local Democratic politics, <mask> eventually became a Republican volunteer, working for a variety of campaigns, including that of <mask> in 1952. She would jokingly describe herself as a "B.F.R.a black, female Republican, an entity as rare as a black elephant and just as smart." As a self-described "ghetto practitioner," <mask> worked in difficult and often dangerous circumstances in some of Philadelphia's poorest neighborhoods.At one point, she was lured to a false house call and found herself the target of a robbery. Four men had surrounded her, hoping to get drugs from her medical bag, but she escaped safely after wielding her gun and sending the would-be robbers running. Political career

City Council

<mask> decided that the best way for her to combat the crime she saw as a practicing physician was to become more involved in politics. In 1971, she ran for Philadelphia City Council. That year, buoyed by a series of strong debate performances, she unseated incumbent Democratic Councilman Thomas McIntosh in the Fifth District. With her election, she became the first African-American woman to serve on city council. During her tenure, <mask> sponsored legislation that resulted in the creation of the Philadelphia Youth Commission to help address issues with urban gangs.In 1975, <mask> decided to seek

masks:
Ethel D
. Allen
Dick Thornburgh
Allen
Allen
Allen
Dwight Eisenhower
Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen