title: Augustus Saint-Gaudens

texts:
 Saint-Gaudens. Volume Two. - Internet Archive - online
 Abraham Lincoln Monument. Landmark in the City of Chicago.- Internet Archive - online
 Taft, Lorado: The History of American Sculpture Publisher: MacMillan Co., New York, NY 1925. Tolles, Thayer. "<mask>-Gaudens (1848–1907)." In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2004)
 Tripp, David, "Fear and Trembling" & Other Discoveries: New Information on <mask>-Gaudens and America's Most Beautiful Coin", ANS Magazine 6/1 (Winter 2007). Wilkinson, Burke, and David Finn, photographs, Uncommon Clay: The Life and Works of <mask>-Gaudens, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers, San Diego 1985.External links

Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site
The Papers of <mask>-Gaudens at Dartmouth College Library
Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site, New Hampshire
Saint-Gaudens National Historic Site: Home of a Gilded Age Icon, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
Major public works, illustrated
Saint-Gaudens twenty dollar gold coins
Saint-Gaudens Exhibit, American Numismatic Society

1848 births
1907 deaths
19th-century American sculptors
19th-century male artists
American male sculptors
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Cooper Union alumni
National Academy of Design alumni
National Academy of Design members
People from County Dublin
Art Students League of New York faculty
Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
Deaths from cancer in New Hampshire
American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
American expatriates in France
Masterpiece Museum
Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century male artists
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy
Members of the Salmagundi Club
Sculptors from New York (state)
Artists of the Boston Public Library
American

masks:
Augustus Saint
Augustus Saint
Augustus Saint
Augustus Saint


title: Haley Irwin

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born June 6, 1988) is a Canadian ice hockey player. She was a member of the 2009–10 Hockey Canada national women's team and played for the Calgary Inferno and Montreal Stars of the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) and played for the University of Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs in the NCAA. She served as Canada's captain in a gold-medal winning effort at the 2014 4 Nations Cup in Kamloops, British Columbia. Playing career
<mask> grew up playing boys hockey until she was 16 and was the first girl to make a AAA-level boys team in Thunder Bay, ON. After moving to women's hockey, she made Canada's national Under-22 team. <mask> was part of the gold medal winning Ontario Red squad at the January 2005 National Women's Under-18 Championship in Salmon Arm, B.C. <mask> won the PWHL championship and OWHA provincial championship in 2005 and 2006 with the Toronto Jr. Aeros.She captained the undefeated 2005–06 team and was named the Aeros MVP in both 2004–05 and 2005–06. During the 2005–06 season, she finished third in league scoring with the Aeros. She also made appearances with the Aeros senior team in the 2005–06 and 2006–07 seasons in the National Women's Hockey League. She won a bronze medal with Team Ontario 1 at the 2007 Esso Women's Nationals in Salmon Arm, BC. Other accomplishments include winning a gold medal with Team Ontario at the 2005 Esso Women's Nationals in Sarnia, ON. At the January 2005 National Women's Under-18 Championship in Salmon Arm, BC, she won a gold medal with Team Ontario Red. She won a gold medal with Team Ontario at the 2003 Canada Winter Games in Bathurst, NB.One of her teammates with Team Ontario was Meghan Agosta. Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs
University of Minnesota Duluth women's hockey coach and former Canadian Olympic coach Shannon Miller recruited <mask> for UMD. When <mask> arrived in the fall of 2007 for her first season with the Bulldogs, she came in with

masks:
Haley Lyn Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin


title: Haley Irwin

texts: more of an offensive game. She was not killing penalties and there were issues with her off-ice training and her weight. Miller made her fill out training logs, journaling all her workouts and her meals. For the 2007–08 season, <mask> led UMD and the Western Collegiate Hockey Association (WCHA) in scoring, was the league's Rookie of the Year and had the most points per game of any female U.S. college hockey player. For her effort, she was named WCHA Rookie of the Year and to the WCHA First All-Star, WCHA All-Rookie and WCHA All-Tournament teams.She scored the game-winning goal to help UMD win the 2008 NCAA Division I national championship. The goal was vs. University of Wisconsin goaltender and Patty Kazmaier Award winner Jessie Vetter. At UMD, <mask> benefitted from two Olympic hockey players who were assistant coaches: Canada's Caroline Ouellette and Team USA's Julie Chu. During a second season at UMD, <mask> scored 22 goals and 44 points in 39 games as the Bulldogs advanced to another NCAA Frozen Four tournament. She was named to the All-WCHA Team, ranked third in UMD scoring and second in goals scored. <mask> led all Bulldog sophomores in goals, points and power play goals. On December 3 and 4, 2010, <mask> had a hand in every one of her teams’ seven goals versus St.Cloud State. For her efforts, she was recognized as the WCHA Offensive Player of the Week for December 7, 2010. In both games against the Huskies, she had a total of three goals and four assists. She notched two assists, 12 shots on net and was +2 in a 2–2 tie on December 3. The following day, <mask> posted an assist on the first goal (which was also the game-winning goal) before she scored three straight goals and had a natural hat-trick. The hat-trick was <mask>'s third of the season and was followed with an assist on the Bulldogs' fifth goal. <mask> recorded ten shots and was +2 in the game.At the conclusion of the

masks:
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Haley Irwin
Irwin
Irwin
Irwin


title: Haley Irwin

texts:
 series, <mask> became the WCHA leader in scoring and ranked No. 2 in the NCAA with a point per game average of 2.29 (32 points: 17 goals, 15 assists in 14 games). On September 7, 2011, it was announced that <mask> was appointed one of two team captains for the 2011–12 Minnesota–Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey season. In a 7–1 victory over MSU-Mankato on February 18, 2012, <mask> netted the 200th point of her NCAA career. She became the sixth Bulldog to score 200 career points as she registered a power play goal in the first period. Hockey Canada
Named to 2014 Olympic roster for Canada. After her freshman season at UMD, <mask> played in two more international competitions with Canada's Under-22 team.At the 2009 IIHF Women's World Ice Hockey Championships, she had two goals and three assists in five games for Canada in its silver medal performance. In addition, <mask> won gold at the Four Nations Cup. After her appearance on Canada's 2009 silver medal winning World Championship team, she was invited to centralize for six months in Calgary along with 25 other players and try for one of the 21 spots on the 2010 Olympic team. During the 2009 Hockey Canada Cup in Vancouver, <mask>  scored on a penalty shot during Canada's 10–2 victory over Finland on September 1, 2009. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, <mask> played five games, scoring four goals and one assist. In the gold medal game, Canada defeated the United States 2–0 to win their third consecutive gold. In the first game of the 2011 IIHF Eight Nations Tournament, <mask> scored two goals in a 16–0 victory over Switzerland.In the third game of the tournament, she scored two goals in an 11–0 shutout over Slovakia. Canadian Women's Hockey League
<mask> was selected by the Brampton Thunder in the first round of the Canadian Women's Hockey League (CWHL) draft held on July 14, 2012 in Mississauga, Ontario, the third player drafted overall.

masks: Irwin Irwin Irwin Irwin Irwin Irwin Irwin Irwin Irwin


title: Haley Irwin

texts:
 She relocated to Montreal and was transferred to the Montreal Stars. She would appear with the club in the finals of the 2013 Clarkson Cup. In the summer of 2014, she was traded to the Calgary Inferno for future considerations. Coaching career
<mask> started her first season coaching at the PWHL level in the 2018-2019 season with the Barrie Sharks Junior Hockey team, in Barrie Ontario. On July 29, 2019, <mask> was hired to serve on <mask>'s coaching staff with the Ryerson Rams women's ice hockey program.Awards and honours
2007–08 WCHA Rookie of the Year
2007–08 All-WCHA First Team
2007–08 All-WCHA Rookie Team. 2008–09 All-WCHA Third Team
2008–09 Finalist, WCHA Pre-season Most Valuable Player
WCHA Offensive Player of the Week, Week of February 18, 2009
WCHA Offensive Player of the Week Week of December 7, 2010
WCHA Offensive Player of the Week (Week of December 7, 2010)
2011 Patty Kazmaier Award Nominee
WCHA Offensive Player of the Week (Week of December 7, 2011)
WCHA Offensive Player of the Week (Week of February 22, 2012)

Career statistics

Minnesota Duluth
Note: GP= Games played; G= Goals; AST= Assists; PTS = Points; PPG = Power Play Goals; SHG = Shorthanded Goals

Team Canada

CWHL

References

External links

1988 births
Calgary Inferno players
Canadian women's ice hockey forwards
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Living people
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Minnesota Duluth Bulldogs women's ice hockey players
Les Canadiennes de Montreal players
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players of Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in the United

masks:
Irwin
Irwin
Lisa Haley


title: Charles A. Wickliffe

texts: <mask> (June 8, 1788 – October 31, 1869) was a U.S. Representative from Kentucky. He also served as Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives, the 14th Governor of Kentucky, and was appointed Postmaster General by President John Tyler. Though he consistently identified with the Whig Party, he was politically independent, and often had differences of opinion with Whig founder and fellow Kentuckian Henry Clay. Wickliffe received a strong education in public school and through private tutors. He studied law and was part of a debate club that also included future U.S. Attorney General Felix Grundy and future Governor of Florida William Pope Duval. He was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1812. A  vigorous supporter of the War of 1812, he served for a brief time as aide-de-camp to two American generals in the war.In 1823, he was elected to the first of five consecutive terms in the U.S. House of Representatives. He returned to the state House in 1833, and was elected the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1836. Governor James Clark died in office on October 5, 1839, and Wickliffe served as governor for the remaining nine months of Clark's term. President Tyler appointed Wickliffe as Postmaster General following Wickliffe's term as governor. While aboard a steamship in 1844, he was stabbed by a man who was later found to be insane. In 1845, President James K. Polk sent Wickliffe on a secret mission to report on British and French intents with regard to annexing Texas and to assess the feasibility of the United States undertaking such an action. Wickliffe's


title: Charles A. Wickliffe

texts:
 participation in this endeavor further distanced him from the Whigs.In 1861, <mask> was again elected to the U.S. House, serving a single term. He tried to avert the Civil War by serving as a delegate to both the 1861 Peace Conference and the Border States Convention. After war was declared, he sided with the Union cause. In 1863, he again sought the office of governor, but federal military forces interfered with the election, resulting in a landslide victory for Thomas E. Bramlette. Later in life, Wickliffe was crippled in a carriage accident and also went completely blind. He died on October 31, 1869, while visiting his daughter in Maryland. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born June 8, 1788, in a log cabin near Springfield, Kentucky.He was the youngest of the nine children born to <mask> and Lydia (Hardin) <mask>. His family emigrated to Kentucky from Virginia in 1784. Wickliffe attained his early education at the local schools of Springfield, then attended Wilson's Academy in Bardstown. For a year, he received private instruction from James Blythe, acting president of Transylvania University, then read law with Martin D. Hardin, a cousin on his mother's side. In 1809, he was admitted to the bar and began practice in Bardstown. He and five other prominent lawyers of Bardstown formed a debate club called The Pleiades Club. The club included six members: Wickliffe, John Hays, Ben Chapeze, Benjamin Hardin (another of Wickliffe's cousins), Felix Grundy, and William Pope Duval.John Rowan and John Pope also participated in the debates, but were not members of the club. In his early life, Wickliffe

masks:
Wickliffe
Charles Anderson
Wickliffe
Charles
Wickliffe


title: Charles A. Wickliffe

texts:
 was known to gamble at cards. His friends considered his gambling excessive, and two of them – Duval and Judge John Pope Oldham – devised a scheme to break Wickliffe of his habit. The two knew that Wickliffe would be collecting several thousand dollars at the upcoming session of the Bullitt County court. They plotted to invite Wickliffe to play cards with them and agreed upon a secret system of signals to communicate about the strengths and weaknesses of the cards in their hands. In this way, they hoped to win all of Wickliffe's money, then return it to him in exchange for his promise to forsake the vice. On the night appointed, however, it was Wickliffe who won all the money wagered by Duval and Oldham, despite their schemes.When Wickliffe later learned of the designs of his friends, he agreed to give up gambling. In 1813, Wickliffe married Margaret Cripps, and the couple had three sons and five daughters. Most notable among the children was Robert, who became Governor of Louisiana. His daughter Nancy married David Levy Yulee. The Wickliffes contracted with John Rogers, architect of St. Joseph's Cathedral in Bardstown, to construct their residence, which they dubbed "Wickland". Later, Wickland was called "the home of three governors". Besides Wickliffe and his son, J. C. W. Beckham, Wickliffe's grandson and future governor of Kentucky, occupied the residence.Political career
<mask>'s political career began when he was elected to represent Nelson County in the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1812 and 1813. During his tenure, he enthusiastically supported the War of 1812. He first served


title: Charles A. Wickliffe

texts:
 as an aide-de-camp to General Joseph Winlock, and on August 24, 1813, he enlisted as a private in Martin H<mask>'s company. On September 2, 1813, he was chosen as aide-de-camp to General Samuel Caldwell and served in this capacity at the October 5, 1813, Battle of the Thames. In 1816, he succeeded Ben Hardin as Commonwealth's Attorney for Nelson County. Wickliffe was returned to the Kentucky House in 1822 and 1823. During this period, a controversy known as the Old Court-New Court controversy was raging in Kentucky.Reeling from the financial Panic of 1819, many of the state's citizens demanded debt relief. When some debt relief measures passed by the legislature were declared unconstitutional by the Kentucky Court of Appeals, the legislature attempted to dissolve the court and replace it with a more sympathetic one. For a time, two courts claimed to be the court of last resort in Kentucky. Wickliffe supported the "Old Court", which was the court that eventually prevailed. First service in the House of Representatives
In 1823, Wickliffe was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives and served five consecutive terms. Again he succeeded his cousin and friend, Ben Hardin. Though a Whig, he disagreed with many of the positions of the party's founder, Henry Clay.When no candidate received a majority of the electoral votes in the 1824 presidential election, the constitution mandated that the election be decided in the House. Wickliffe bucked Clay's advice to vote for him and instead voted for <mask>, who was the choice of the Kentucky legislature. Historian Robert Powell opined that Wickliffe's

masks:
. Wickliffe
Andrew Jackson


title: Charles A. Wickliffe

texts:
 break from party loyalty may explain his lack of committee appointments in his early years in the House. Beginning in 1829, however, he chaired the Committee on Public Lands. In this capacity, he attacked Clay's plan to distribute surplus revenue among the states as being unfair to younger states. He also differed with Clay over Clay's willingness to limit slavery. He wrote Clay concerning his slowness to respond to the problem of fugitive slaves; Clay never responded.Neither was Wickliffe loyal to the Jacksonian platform, however. In a letter to his brother, he lamented Jackson's attacks on the Second Bank of the United States. He publicly encouraged Kentuckians to strengthen the Whigs, despite his disagreements with Clay. In 1830, Wickliffe was chosen by his colleagues as one of the managers of the impeachment proceedings against Missouri District Court judge James H. Peck. In 1831, he was one of several candidates proposed by the Kentucky General Assembly to succeed John Rowan in the U.S. Senate. Of the sixty-nine votes needed to be elected to the seat, Wickliffe received forty-nine. Other candidates included John J. Crittenden (sixty-eight votes), John Breathitt (sixty-six votes), and Richard Mentor Johnson (sixty-four votes).After three days of balloting, the Assembly was still unable to fill the seat, and it was allowed to remain vacant until the next session. <mask> did not seek re-election to his seat in the House in 1833. Governor of Kentucky
Wickliffe returned to the state legislature from 1833 to 1835. In 1834, he defeated Daniel Breck and John L. Helm to become Speaker of the


title: Charles A. Wickliffe

texts: claimed this showed Wickliffe's political inconsistency, a charge that Wickliffe denied. The following year, Wickliffe was appointed to a committee charged with revising the state's code of laws. On January 8, 1861, he chaired the state Democratic convention in Louisville. Wickliffe was elected to another term in Congress, serving from 1861 to 1863 as a Union Whig. He opposed the idea of secession, and was a member of both the 1861 Peace Conference and the Border States Convention that attempted to stave off the Civil War.In April 1861, he attended a secret meeting at the Capitol Hotel in Frankfort where participants planned to arm Union supporters in key areas of the state. On May 18, President Lincoln supplied rifles – nicknamed "Lincoln guns" – for the venture. After Braxton Bragg's forces destroyed the railroad trestles near Bardstown, Wickliffe personally hired Joseph Z<mask> to carry the area's mail by private carriage. The trestles were rebuilt in February 1863, precluding the need for <mask>d's service. Near the end of his term in Congress, Wickliffe was thrown from a carriage and permanently crippled. Despite his injury, he remained politically active. In 1863, he ran for governor as a Peace Democrat on an anti-Lincoln platform.Military authorities considered him subversive, however, and interfered with the election; Wickliffe lost to Thomas E. Bramlette in a landslide. Wickliffe served as a delegate to the 1864 Democratic National Convention in Chicago, casting his vote for George B. McClellan. In the final years of his life, he became totally blind. While visiting his daughter near

masks:
. Aud
Au


title: Robbie Cooke

texts:
<mask> (16 February 1957 – 7 August 2021) was an English footballer and manager who played as a forward in the Football League, most notably for Peterborough United and Brentford. He represented England C at international level while playing non-League football. After retiring from football, <mask> managed Warboys Town and later became a scout. Club career

Mansfield Town
<mask> began his career in the youth system at Mansfield Town and made 9 appearances and scoring one goal in his debut season, in which the Stags won the 1976–77 Third Division championship. He made only six appearances in Second Division during the 1977–78 season and departed the club at the end of the campaign, having made just 15 first team appearances for the club. Grantham
<mask> joined Southern League First Division North club Grantham during the 1978 off-season and scored 43 goals to propel the club to the 1978–79 division championship. <mask>'s performances saw him awarded the Supporters' Player of the Year award.Grantham moved to the Northern Premier League for the 1979–80 season and <mask> was on fire again, scoring 39 goals. He departed the Gingerbreads at the end of the campaign. Peterborough United
<mask>'s goalscoring exploits for Grantham caught the eye of Fourth Division club Peterborough United, which culminated in him moving to the club for a £12,000 fee in May 1980. He was an immediate hit at Posh, scoring 29 goals in 56 games during the 1980–81 season and being named in the Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year. <mask> bettered his goalscoring tally in the 1981–82 season, with 31 goals in 55 games. <mask>'s prolific form tailed off during the 1982–83 season and he managed only 11 goals in 33 appearances before departing in February 1983. <mask> scored 71 goals in 144 appearances for the Posh.Luton Town (loan)
<mask> had a loan spell at First Division club Luton Town during the 1982–83 season. Cambridge United
<mask> signed for Second Division club Cambridge United in February 1983 for a £12,000 fee. He failed to find his prolific goalscoring form for the struggling

masks:
Robert Leslie Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke
Cooke


title: Robbie Cooke

texts:
 club, which suffered relegation to the Third Division at the end of the 1983–84 season. <mask> managed 14 goals in 65 league appearances and with relegation to the Fourth Division looming, he departed the club midway through the 1984–85 season. Brentford (loan and permanent transfer)
<mask> joined Third Division club Brentford on a two-month loan in December 1984 and he later signed permanently for fee ranging between £20,000 and £25,000. He quickly found form, scoring 16 goals in 31 games and scoring what proved to be a consolation in the 3–1 1985 Football League Trophy Final defeat to Wigan Athletic. <mask> finished the 1984–85 season as both Brentford and Cambridge United's top scorer, which was only the third time in history the feat had been managed.Three years of mid-table mediocrity followed and <mask> departed Brentford in December 1987, having scored 64 goals in 150 games for the Bees. Millwall
<mask> joined Second Division high-flyers Millwall on 11 December 1987 for a £30,000 fee and scored one goal in five appearances during the remainder of the 1987–88 season. He was unable to break up the forward pairing of Tony Cascarino and Teddy Sheringham and departed the Lions in September 1988. Kettering Town
<mask> dropped back into non-League football to join Conference club Kettering Town in September 1988. He had a prolific spell with the Poppies, scoring 49 goals in 95 appearances across three seasons in which the club consistently challenged for promotion to the Football League. Non-League nomad
<mask> ended his career with spells at Northampton Spencer, Bourne Town and a second stint at Grantham Town. International career
<mask>'s form while at Kettering Town won him England C recognition.Managerial and coaching career
<mask> had a spell as player-coach at Southern League Midland Division club Grantham Town during the 1991–92 season. After his retirement from football, <mask> became manager at Eastern Counties League First Division club Warboys Town. In December 1998, <mask> returned to Kettering Town to become assistant manager and first team

masks: Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke


title: Robbie Cooke

texts:
 coach. Scouting career
<mask> was invited to become a part-time scout for Preston North End by former Cambridge United teammate and then-Preston manager David Moyes. <mask> subsequently followed Moyes to Premier League club Everton in 2002 and Manchester United in 2013, serving as chief scout at both clubs. After Moyes was sacked by Manchester United in April 2014, <mask> was not retained by incoming manager Louis van Gaal. In November 2014, <mask> was appointed to the role of UK and International Scout at Burnley.By June 2017, he had left the club. <mask> reunited with David Moyes at Premier League club West Ham United in 2020 and held the role of chief scout until his death in August 2021. Personal life
<mask>'s nephew Russell was also a footballer and played for Hucknall Town, Eastwood Town and Ilkeston Town. <mask> worked for Thomas Cook and later for Travelex in the 1990s and at the time of his death from cancer at Thorpe Hall in August 2021, he was living in Sawtry. Career statistics

Honours
Grantham
 Southern League First Division North: 1978–79

Northampton Spencer
 United Counties League Premier Division: 1991–92

Individual
Grantham Supporters' Player of the Year: 1978–79
Football League Fourth Division PFA Team of the Year: 1980–81

References

External links

1957 births
2021 deaths
English footballers
Footballers from Rotherham
Association football forwards
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Grantham Town F.C. players
Peterborough United F.C.players
Cambridge United F.C. players
Brentford F.C. players
Millwall F.C. players
Kettering Town F.C. players
Bourne Town F.C. players
English Football League players
Luton Town F.C. players
England semi-pro international footballers
Southern Football League players
National League (English football) players
Preston North End F.C.non-playing staff
Everton F.C. non-playing staff
Manchester United F.C. non-playing staff
Burnley F.C. non-playing staff
Northampton Spencer F.C. players
Warboys Town F.C. managers
English football managers
Deaths from cancer in the United Kingdom
West Ham United F.C. non-playing

masks: Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke Cooke


title: Isaac Mayer Wise

texts:
<mask> (29 March 1819, Steingrub (now Lomnička), Moravia), Lands of the Bohemian Crown, the Austrian Empire, now in the Czech Republic
Austrian Empire – 26 March 1900, Cincinnati), was an American Reform rabbi, editor, and author. At his death he was called "the foremost rabbi in America". Early life

The son of Leo Weis, a schoolteacher, <mask> received his early Hebrew education from his father and grandfather, later continuing his Hebrew and secular studies in Prague. He may have received the hattarat hora'ah from the Prague bet din, composed of Rabbis Rapoport, Samuel Freund, and E. L. Teweles, or from Rabbi Falk Kohn, however there is debate as to whether he was an ordained rabbi at all. It was even a source of controversy with his intellectual rival, Rabbi David Einhorn. In 1843 he was appointed rabbi at Radnitz (now Radnice, near Plzeň), Bohemia, where he remained for about two years. In 1846 Weis emigrated to the United States, arriving on July 23.He changed the spelling of his surname to <mask>. Reforms in Albany

In October, 1846, <mask> was appointed rabbi of the Congregation Beth-El of Albany, New York. His eight years in that position has been described as "crucial period of his existence" and his "storm and stress period". During this time, he conceived many of his later projects. Soon after his appointment, <mask> began with reforms. His congregation was the first American synagogue to:
 Count women in forming a minyan (religious quorum). Allow men and women to sit together, in family pews.(Another source says this first happened in 1851, at Anshe Emeth.) Eliminate Bar Mitzvah, which in <mask>'s view was meaningless because at that age a boy cannot understand Judaism, and replace it with a later and more informed confirmation, open to girls as well. Have a mixed-sex choir. In addition, <mask> had famously remarked in reply to a question, when he was in Charleston, South Carolina applying for another Rabbinate position (at Kahal Kadosh Beth Elohim) and

masks:
Isaac Mayer Wise
Isaac
Wise
Wise
Wise
Wise
Wise


title: Isaac Mayer Wise

texts:
 lecturing on "The Poetry of the Hebrew Bible", that he did not believe in the coming of the Messiah or the resurrection of the dead; a letter from the Charleston congregation documenting these statements was published in a newspaper. As a result, the trustees of the synagogue dismissed him in 1850, which <mask> did not accept. At the following day's service, the first day of Rosh Hashanah, at the moment when the Torah scroll was being removed from the ark, an altercation broke out between opponents and defenders of <mask>. The fracas was so pronounced that the Sheriff was called; the Sheriff cleared the synagogue, locked the doors, and took the keys.This was the end of <mask>'s position at Temple Beth-El. Supporters of <mask> formed a new congregation, Anshe Emeth. <mask> remained with this congregation until 1854. In January 1852, <mask> was Chaplain of the Legislature of the State of New York, a position supporters, including then-New York Senator William H. Seward, helped him get since Anshe Emeth was unable to pay a full salary. During this time <mask> worked on his History of the Israelitish Nation, which he stated was based on "such facts as are able to stand the test of criticism", eliminating miracles, dogmas, and doctrines, and as a general principle distinguishing religion from history. Unable to find a publisher, he printed it at his own expense, with help from friends. As he put it, "it fell into the orthodox camps like a veritable bomb".Minhag America prayer-book
In 1847, at the suggestion of Max Lilienthal, who was at that time stationed in New York, a bet din was formed, which was to act in the capacity of an advisory committee to the congregations of the country, without, however, exercising hierarchic powers. As members of this bet din, Lilienthal named <mask> and two others, besides himself. At a meeting held in the spring of 1847 <mask> submitted to the bet din the manuscript of a prayer-book, to be titled the Minhag America, and to be used by all

masks: Wise Wise Wise Wise Wise Wise Wise Wise Wise


title: Isaac Mayer Wise

texts:
 the congregations of the country. No action was taken, however, until the Cleveland Conference of 1855, when a committee consisting of <mask>, Rothenberg, and Isidor Kalisch was appointed to edit such a prayer-book. This book appeared under the title Minhag America, and was practically <mask>'s work; it was adopted by most of the congregations of the Western and Southern states. So pronounced was <mask>'s desire for union, that when in 1894 the Union Prayer Book was published by the Central Conference of American Rabbis, he voluntarily retired the Minhag America from his own congregation. As early as 1848 <mask> issued a call to the "ministers and other Israelites" of the United States, urging them to form a union which might put an end to the Jewish anarchy in the United States.His call appeared in the columns of The Occident, and was ably seconded by its editor, <mask>. <mask> suggested that a meeting be held in the spring of 1849 at Philadelphia, to establish a union of the congregations of the entire country. This meeting did not take place, but the originator of the idea never ceased advocating it, especially after he had established his own newspaper, The Israelite, in 1854 (renamed The American Israelite in 1874). In its columns he tirelessly expounded his views upon the subject. His persistence won its reward when in 1873, twenty-five years after he had first broached the idea, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations was organized at Cincinnati. Move to Cincinnati
In 1853 <mask> was offered a position as rabbi  of the Bene Yeshurun congregation of the Lodge Street Synagogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. He accepted on condition that it be a lifetime appointment, which the congregation agreed to.He offered to release the congregation when his controversial History of the Israelitish Nation appeared months later, but the synagogue maintained its support for him. He moved to Cincinnati in April 1854, and was rabbi of that congregation for the remaining 46 years of

masks:
Wise
Wise
Wise
Wise
Isaac Leeser
Wise
Wise


title: Isaac Mayer Wise

texts:
 his life. Shortly after his move, he began the weekly newspaper The Israelite (after 1874 The American Israelite), and a German-language supplement for women, Die Deborah. <mask> was above all an organizer, and called numerous institutions into being. He organized the building of the Plum Street Temple in 1866. The temple, noted for its architectural grandeur, was renamed the <mask> M. <mask> Temple in his honor. Hebrew Union College
Earnest as he was in proclaiming the necessity for union among the congregations, he was equally indefatigable in insisting upon the pressing need of a theological seminary for the training of rabbis for American pulpits.In his Reminiscences he gives a vivid picture of the incompetency of many of the men who posed as spiritual guides of congregations, during his early days in the United States. He had scarcely arrived in Cincinnati when, with his characteristic energy, he set to work to establish a college in which young men could receive a Jewish education. He enlisted the interest and support of a number of influential Jews of Cincinnati and adjacent towns, and in 1855 founded the Zion Collegiate Association. The venture, however, proved a failure, and the society did not succeed in opening a college. Not daunted, <mask> entered upon a literary campaign, and year in and year out he presented the subject in the columns of The Israelite. Starting in 1868 the project benefited from the administrave skills of Jacob Ezekiel. His indomitable perseverance was crowned with success when, on 3 October 1875, the Hebrew Union College opened its doors for the reception of students, four of whom were ordained eight years later.In a famous incident, the 1883 "Trefa Banquet" for this first graduating class included a number of non-kosher foods; <mask> was probably not responsible for it, but he refused to condemn it, and criticism from him and his movement of what he called "kitchen Judaism" spurred the splitting-off of Conservative Judaism from

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 Reform. Rabbinical conferences
The first outcome of <mask>'s agitation for union among the Jews was the Cleveland Conference held in 1855, and convened at his initiative. This conference was unfortunate, for, instead of uniting the rabbis of all parts of the country in a bond of fellowship, it gave rise to strained relations between <mask> and his followers on one side, and prominent rabbis in the eastern part of the country on the other side. These differences were partly removed during the rabbinical conference of Philadelphia (1869), which <mask> attended. The New York conference of 1870, and the Cincinnati conference of 1871 were efforts in the same direction; but a controversy ensuing from the latter served only to widen the breach. Yet was the great "unionist" not discouraged. He continued agitating for a synod which was to be the central body of authority for American Judaism.In 1881 he submitted to the meeting of the Rabbinical Literary Association a report urging the formation of a synod; but the matter never passed beyond the stage of discussion. However, he lived to see the establishment of the Central Conference of American Rabbis in 1889, which was the third enduring offspring of his tireless energy and unfailing perseverance. During the last eleven years of his life he served as president of the conference which he had called into existence. Besides the arduous labors that the organization of these national institutions entailed, <mask> was active in many other ways. In 1857, when a new treaty was to be concluded between the United States and Switzerland, he visited Washington as chairman of a delegation to protest against the ratification of this treaty unless Switzerland should cease its discrimination against American Jews. In his own city, besides officiating as rabbi of the Bene Yeshurun congregation and as president of the Hebrew Union College, he edited the American Israelite and the Deborah, served as an examiner of teachers applying for

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title: Isaac Mayer Wise

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 positions in public schools, and was also a member of the board of directors of the University of Cincinnati. He traveled throughout the United States, lecturing, dedicating synagogues, and enlisting the interest of the Jewish communities in his plans and projects.Jewish-Christian relations
As part of a program to defend Judaism against the inroads of Christianity, while refusing to demonize it, <mask> <mask> offered innovative and influential views of the founding figures of Christianity. He was among the earliest Jewish scholars to reclaim Jesus as a Jew, and, more controversially, to suggest that Paul was in fact the Talmudic figure Acher. Slavery
<mask> <mask> has been criticized for his attitude toward slavery. In an article from 1864, <mask> <mask> wrote: "We are not prepared, nobody is, to maintain it is absolutely unjust to purchase savages, or rather, their labor, place them under the protection of law, and secure them the benefit of civilized society and their sustenance for their labor. Man in a savage state is not free; the alien servant under the Mosaic law was a free man, excepting only the fruits of his labor. The abstract idea of liberty is more applicable to the alien labor of the Mosaic system than to the savage, and savages only will sell themselves or their offspring. Negro slavery, if it could have been brought under the control of the Mosaic or similar laws, must have tended to the blessing of the negro race by frequent emigration of civilized negroes back to the interior of Africa; and even now that race might reap the benefit of its enslaved members, if the latter or the best instructed among them were sent back to the interior of Africa."However, this quote is taken from an article whose opening sentence is: "It is evident that Moses was opposed to slavery." The article itself, titled "On the Provisional Portion of the Mosaic Code, with Special Reference to Polygamy and Slavery", defends the Mosaic form of slavery as found in the Hebrew

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 Bible, while at the same time offering certain criticisms. Personal life
<mask> was married twice. His first wife was Therese Bloch, sister of Edward H. Bloch, the founder of Bloch Publishing Company. They had 10 children eight of whom were living at the time of his death: <mask> May; <mask>; Dr. <mask>; <mask> Bernheim; Isidor <mask>; <mask> Molony; Iphigene <mask> Ochs, married to Adolph Ochs; and <mask>. She died in 1874. In 1876, he married Selma Bondi; they had four children: Elsie Corrine <mask>; Rabbi Jonah Bondi <mask>; <mask> May; and <mask>. <mask>.<mask> had no close relation to Rabbi Stephen Samuel <mask>. He even wrote a couple of plays, "Der Maskirte Liebhaber" and "Das Glück Reich zu Sein". During his lifetime <mask> was regarded as the most prominent Reform Jew of his time in the United States. His genius for organization was of a very high order; and he was masterful, rich in resources, and possessed of an inflexible will. More than of any of his contemporaries, it may be said of him that he left the imprint of his personality upon the development of Reform Judaism in the United States. Links to some works of <mask>

Legacy and honors
The World War II Liberty Ship  was named in his honor. References

Further reading

External links

 <mask> <mask> Digital Archive at the American Jewish Archives
 Works by <mask> <mask> in the German Union Catalogue
 Funeral of Rabbi <mask>

 Die Deborah (B63) is a digitized periodical at the Leo Baeck Institute

1819 births
1900 deaths
19th-century Austrian people
19th-century American people
Reform Judaism
Jewish religious leaders
American Reform rabbis
American Jewish theologians
Judaic scholars
Jews and Judaism in Cincinnati
Jewish American writers
Religious leaders from Cincinnati
Presidents of Hebrew Union College
American people of Bohemian descent
American people of Czech-Jewish descent
People from Cheb District
Religious leaders from Albany, New York
Austrian Empire emigrants to the United

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title: Luis Antonio Tagle

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<mask> ( ; ; born June 21, 1957) is a Filipino prelate (cardinal) of the Catholic Church who has been the Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples since December 8, 2019. He was the 32nd Archbishop of Manila from 2011 to 2019. <mask> also serves as the president of Caritas International, a federation of Catholic relief, development, and social service organizations, and of the Catholic Biblical Federation. <mask>, who generally prefers to be called by his nickname "Chito" rather than by his clerical title, has been involved in many social issues in the Philippines, with emphasis on helping the poor while defending the Catholic Church's opposition to abortion, contraception (equated with abortion in the Philippines), and what he has called "practical atheism". Dubbed as the "Asian Francis", he is often seen as a representative of the Catholic Church's progressive wing. <mask> has criticized the Catholic Church for using "harsh words" to describe LGBT as well as divorced and remarried Catholics, whom he believes should be allowed to receive Holy Communion on a case-by-case basis. He was one of the principal advisors to Pope Francis and is considered a papabile since the 2013 papal conclave up to the present.Early life and studies
<mask> was born on June 21, 1957, the eldest child of devout Catholic parents, Manuel Topacio <mask>, an ethnic Tagalog and his Chinese Filipino wife, Milagros Gokim, who previously worked for Equitable PCI Bank. <mask>'s paternal grandfather, Florencio, came from Imus, Cavite; the <mask> family were from the Hispanic, lowland Christian aristocracy known as the Principalía, which were the elite prior to the 1896 Philippine Revolution. Florencio was

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 injured by a bomb explosion during the Second World War; <mask>'s grandmother made a living by running a local diner. After completing elementary and high school at Saint Andrew's School in Parañaque in 1973, he was influenced by priest friends to enter the Jesuit San José Seminary, which sent him to the Jesuit Ateneo de Manila University. <mask> earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in pre-divinity from Ateneo in 1977 and then a Master of Arts in theology at its Loyola School of Theology. <mask> earned his Doctorate in Sacred Theology at the Catholic University of America from 1987 to 1991. He wrote his dissertation under the direction of Joseph A. Komonchak on "Episcopal Collegiality in the Teaching and Practice of Paul VI".<mask> also attended doctrinal courses at the Institute of Pope Paul VI University. In Komonchak's estimation, <mask> was "one of the best students I had in over 40 years of teaching" and "could have become the best theologian in the Philippines, or even in all of Asia" had he not been appointed bishop. <mask> has received honorary degrees from Catholic Theological Union and La Salle University. <mask> is fluent in speaking his native Tagalog language, as well as the English and Italian languages. He is also proficient in reading Spanish, French, and Latin. Priesthood
<mask> was ordained in the Diocese of Imus on February 27, 1982. After ordination, he held the following positions: associate pastor of San Agustín Parish – Méndez-Núñez, Cavite (1982–1984), spiritual director (1982–1983) and later rector (1983–1985) of the diocesan seminary of Imus.After studies in the United States from 1985 to 1992, he returned to Imus and was Episcopal Vicar for Religious (1993–1995) and parish

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 priest and rector (1998–2001) of Nuestra Señora del Pilar Cathedral-Parish. He also taught theology at San Carlos Seminary (1982-1985) and Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay. Pope John Paul II appointed <mask> to the International Theological Commission, where he served from 1997 to 2002 under its President, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger. From 1995 to 2001, he was a member of the editorial board of the "History of Vatican II" project. Bishop of Imus
In 2001, <mask> was appointed Bishop of Imus on October 22 and consecrated on December 12 after previously serving as parish priest of the Cathedral-parish of Imus. During his ten years in Imus, he made a point of living simply, owned no car, and invited the destitute to join him for a meal. At the first gathering of bishops under Pope Benedict XVI in 2005, the General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops, he spoke from the floor about the inadequacy of the number of priests in the Philippines.He said:

To the concept that priestly vocation are a gift from God he countered: "we should also ask whether the Church is a good steward of the gift." He told a news conference that "The first Sunday after my ordination as a priest, I said nine Masses, and that is regular in the Philippines." Discussing priestly celibacy, Cardinal Angelo Scola, the synod moderator, expressed reservations about modifications to the Church's requirement of celibacy for the priesthood. In response, Tagle suggested that the Church should consider such a change to combat the shortage of priests. At the 2008 International Eucharistic Congress in Quebec, Canada, he delivered a talk on the importance of the Eucharist that, by one report, moved the audience to tears. He contrasted Christian

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 worship with false forms of adoration:

Archbishop of Manila

Pope Benedict XVI appointed <mask> the 32nd Archbishop of Manila on October 13, 2011, to succeed Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales. According to Father Catalino Arévalo, SJ, the first Asian member of the Vatican's International Theological Commission, <mask>'s appointment was promoted by the Papal Nuncio to the Philippines Edward Joseph Adams and by Cardinal Gaudencio Rosales, but some objections were submitted to the Congregation for Bishops, which caused some delay in processing his appointment.Prior to his installation, <mask> made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land in October 2011. He was installed as Archbishop on December 12, 2011, the feast day of Our Lady of Guadalupe and the tenth anniversary of his episcopal consecration. He received the pallium, the symbol of his authority as a metropolitan archbishop, from Pope Benedict XVI on June 29, 2012, in Rome. In February 2012, <mask> attended the Symposium for Healing and Renewal at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. <mask> discussed the way the sex-abuse crisis manifests itself in Asia, where it is more common for priests to violate their vows of celibacy by taking mistresses than to engage in the sexual abuse of minors. <mask> maintained that the deference to authority typical of Asian culture combined with the dominance of the Catholic Church in a country like the Philippines produced a "culture of shame" that continued to inhibit the reporting of instances of abuse. He said that culture needed to change though he anticipated great difficulties:

He said the fact his country had a "touching culture" that created problems of interpretation and mandatory reporting laws would face

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title: Luis Antonio Tagle

texts: cultural hurdles as well.On June 12, 2012, <mask> was appointed a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education for a five-year renewable term. That same day, <mask> spoke at the 50th International Eucharistic Congress in Dublin, Ireland. He discussed how the sexual abuse crisis requires the Catholic Church to reevaluate its relationship with the media. He said: "As we challenge them to be fair and truthful in whatever they are reporting, the Church should also be prepared to be scrutinised by media, provided the norms of fairness and truthfulness are applied to all, especially the victims." He decried the tendency of church officials to resent negative media coverage even when accurate, while noting he had witnessed some media coverage in Asia that is tainted by "an anti-Christian sentiment." He also mentioned the various issues which distinguish the experience of the Church in Ireland and similar cases in Asia. On August 4, 2012, <mask> delivered a speech at a prayer rally against the Reproductive Health Bill, which included provisions for the funding and distribution of birth control information and devices; contraception is customarily considered abortion in the Philippines.He advocated for the recognition of women's rights by recognizing their valued role as mothers and wives, deserving of genuine love and respect as reflections of God and a gift to mankind. <mask> also denounced sexual prostitution as an affront to women's femininity. He took a more moderate stance on the legislation than other Philippine bishops, refusing to threaten politicians who supported the legislation with excommunication or to have posters criticizing its supporters as "Team Death"  distributed in Manila's

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title: Luis Antonio Tagle

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 parishes. Benedict XVI named <mask> as one of the Synod Fathers for the Synod of Bishops on the New Evangelisation on September 18, 2012. In his intervention at that synod, he outlined how he believed the church should approach the process of evangelization. He said:

In an interview with Vatican Radio, he explained how his view reflected the experience of Asian and Philippine culture:

He served as archbishop of Manila until December 8, 2019 when he was appointed Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples. He became the apostolic administrator of the metropolitan see until February 9, 2020.Auxiliary Bishop Broderick Pabillo temporarily administered the Archdiocese as apostolic administrator from February 10, 2020. On March 25, 2021, Pope Francis named Capiz Archbishop Jose Cardinal Advincula to succeed <mask> as Archbishop of Manila. Cardinal
Pope Benedict XVI announced he was elevating Archbishop <mask> to the College of Cardinals on October 24, 2012. <mask> himself had been notified the night before. At that consistory, he was assigned the titular church of San Felice da Cantalice a Centocelle. <mask> was the seventh Filipino to be made a cardinal of the Catholic Church. When he became a cardinal he was the second youngest one.On November 30, 2012, upon his return to the Philippines, he presided at a thanksgiving Mass at the San Fernando de Dilao Church in Paco, Manila, which President Benigno Aquino III, Vice-President Jejomar Binay, and Mayor Alfredo Lim of Manila attended. On January 31, 2013, Pope Benedict XVI appointed <mask> to serve as a member of the Presidential Committee of the Pontifical Council for the Family and the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of

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 Migrants and Itinerants. <mask> was mentioned by some news organizations as a possible candidate for election as pope during the papal conclave that elected Pope Francis in 2013. <mask> led the National Consecration to the Immaculate Heart of Mary at the San Fernando de Dilao Church on June 8, 2013. In a March 2015 interview, <mask> said the Catholic Church needed to develop a new language for addressing homosexuals, unwed mothers, and divorced and remarried Catholics because "what constituted in the past an acceptable way of showing mercy" changes and needs to be re-imagined. He said:

Following the publication of Pope Francis' encyclical Laudato si', Cardinal <mask> launched a campaign in the Philippines to collect signatures for a petition against anthropogenic global warming caused by carbon dioxide emissions. As the Synod on the Family opened public discussion of allowing divorced and remarried Catholics to receive communion, <mask> said he was open to hearing arguments on the question.He said: "We have a principle we have to believe in. But the openness comes on pastoral judgments you have to make in concrete situations, because no two cases are alike." As the 2014 session of the synod approached he said he hoped that "the pastoral care of divorced and civilly remarried couples is debated openly and with good will," but emphasized other challenges drawn from his Philippine experience, especially the separation of married couples from one another and their children caused by poverty and migration. After the synod, he said:

In 2015, he said that "Every situation for those who are divorced and remarried is quite unique. To have a general rule might be counterproductive in the end. ...We

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title: Luis Antonio Tagle

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 cannot give one formula for all." <mask> is a member of the Congregation for Catholic Education, Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Pontifical Council for the Family, Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People, Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Pontifical Council for the Laity, and XIII Ordinary Council of the Secretariat General of the Synod of Bishops.On July 11, 2015, he was made a member of the Pontifical Council 'Cor Unum'. He was also confirmed by Pope Francis as President of the Catholic Biblical Federation on March 5, 2015. On May 14, 2015, he was elected President of Caritas International replacing Cardinal Oscar Rodriguez Maradiaga. Some Catholic media that judge <mask>'s views to be too liberal criticized the appointment. <mask> has been Chairman for the Episcopal Commission on the Doctrine of Faith of the Philippines since 2003. <mask> is the Professor of Dogmatic Synthesis at the Graduate School of Theology of San Carlos Seminary, the archdiocesan major seminary of Manila, and an Associate Professor of Systematic Theology at the Loyola School of Theology of Ateneo de Manila University. He also taught at the school of theology of the Divine Word Seminary in Tagaytay.Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

Pope Francis named <mask> Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples on December 8, 2019. <mask> is the second Asian to head that Congregation, following Cardinal Ivan Dias, who was prefect from 2006 to 2011. He is the second Filipino cardinal to lead a congregation of the Roman Curia after Jose Tomas Sanchez, who headed the Congregation for the Clergy from 1991 to

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 1996. In March 2020, Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte said the Pope had removed <mask> from his post in Manila for channeling church funds to the President's political opponents. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) and many individual Philippine prelates denounced Duterte's charge. Pope Francis promoted him to highest rank of cardinal, Cardinal-Bishop, on May 1, 2020; he is the first Filipino to be included in that rank of the College of Cardinals, and he was promoted Cardinal-Bishop but was not appointed to a suburbicarian see just like Cardinals Parolin, Sandri, Ouelet and Filoni, a break with tradition and Canon Law Section 350

On September 10, 2020, <mask> tested positive for COVID-19 upon his arrival in Manila. He was the first head of a Vatican dicastery, as well as the fifth Filipino bishop, to test positive for COVID-19.He had tested negative for the virus in Rome on September 7. He was asymptomatic and was in isolation. <mask> remained asymptomatic and ended his quarantine on September 23. On February 22, 2021, <mask> was appointed by Pope Francis as a new member of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See. Coat of arms

The top section depicts Christ as the Good Shepherd and as a fisherman, accompanied by an open Gospel Book inscribed with the letters Alpha and Omega. The middle section is a stylized version of Our Lady of the Pillar, the patroness of his previous diocese. This consists of an Ionic column surmounted by an ornate "M" as a symbol for the Virgin Mary, crowned with twelve stars.The bottom depicts a carpenter's square, which signifies Saint Joseph the Worker, along with a lily; these refer to the seminary <mask> attended. <mask>'s


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 motto is taken from the John 21:7, Dominus Est ("It is the Lord!"). Interpretation of Vatican II
<mask> served from 1995 to 2001 as one of more than 50 members of the editorial board of the five-volume, 2,500-page History of Vatican II. Completed after discussions at 14 international conferences with contributions from over 100 scholars, it is seen as the seminal work on the Second Vatican Council. It has been criticized by some conservatives for providing an overly progressive reading of the Council. Its principal editors, Alberto Melloni and Giuseppe Alberigo, are identified with the Bologna School of ecclesiastical history which views the Second Vatican Council as a "rupture" with the past, a position criticized by Pope Benedict XVI and others, who hold that Vatican II represents "continuity" with the past. <mask>'s contribution, written in 1999 when he was not yet a bishop, was a 66-page chapter in the fourth volume of the History called "A November Storm: The 'Black Week'" which covered the final days of the Council's third session in 1964, when several actions by Pope Paul VI caused alarm among reform forces.<mask>'s work has been criticized from opposite viewpoints. In 2005, Archbishop Agostino Marchetto, Secretary of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants, a "continuity" advocate, assessed Tagle's chapter as "a rich and even comprehensive study", but called it "unbalanced, journalistic, and lacking objectivity expected of a true historian". Hans Küng, a principal critic of Pope Paul's conservative impact on the Council, endorsed <mask>'s view that the Roman Curia's influence on the Pope forced the Council documents to make "theological compromises", but


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 said Tagle was unable to develop an explanation or justification for Pope Paul's positions, so that "in the closing section his writing degenerates into sanctimoniousness". The Vaticanologist John L. Allen Jr. reported that Cardinal Marc Ouellet, the Holy See's prefect for the Congregation for Bishops and protégé of Pope Benedict XVI, maintains his "full support" for Tagle. Allen also reported that a Vatican official indicated that he read Tagle's 1999 essay – after media reports highlighted it – and found nothing objectionable. In fact, he was impressed by <mask>'s defense of Paul VI in that Tagle wrote that Paul followed a strategy of "listening to all views, especially opposing ones", and was willing to "sacrifice his personal popularity to save the council and its future". This official also said that it is difficult to suggest <mask> is opposed to Pope Benedict's reading of the council since one of the sources Tagle cited was the writings of Joseph Ratzinger.The Vatican news analyst Sandro Magister reported that <mask>'s identification with the Bologna School would have hurt his chances of becoming a bishop had the members of the Congregation for Bishops – who considered <mask>'s candidacy for archbishop – known of it when considering his appointment. In a 2012 interview, <mask> maintained that the Council represented no rupture in the magisterium of the Roman Catholic Church. He added that he does not subscribe to the "rupture theory" that the Catholic Church before 1962 is disconnected from the present church. Distinctions

Orders
 : Order of the Holy Sepulchre

Academic
 Far Eastern University:  Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa
 San Beda College:  Doctor of Humane Letters honoris


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 causa (March 30, 2012)
 De La Salle University–Dasmariñas: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (June 19, 2013)
 Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (August 1, 2013)
 University of Santo Tomas: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (August 13, 2013)
 Holy Angel University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (August 16, 2013)
 Fordham University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (March 28, 2014)
 Australian Catholic University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (May 17, 2014)
 The Catholic University of America: Doctor of Theology honoris causa (May 17, 2014)
 Catholic Theological Union: Doctor of Theology honoris causa (May 14, 2015)
 La Salle University: Doctor of Humane Letters honoris causa (September 18, 2015)

Awards
 Outstanding Manilan 2013
 Fides Award (January 26, 2015)

Television
While Archbishop of Manila, <mask> continued to perform as a host of The Word Exposed and The Faith Exposed, both Catholic television programs produced by the Jesuit Communications Foundation, which also maintains an official Facebook account for him. He is also the Tuesday presenter of Kape't Pandasal ("Coffee and Prayer", a pun on the term kape't pandesal or "coffee and salted bread"), an early morning religious inspirational program partly produced by the same network, previously broadcast by ABS-CBN. Notes

References

Bibliography

News articles

External links

 Card. "Luis Antonio Gokim".Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Viehland, N.J. (November 5, 2012). "Elevation of Filipino archbishop considered a surprise in the Year of Faith". National Catholic Reporter. "The Eucharist, the Life of Christ in our


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 Lives: Spiritual Worship and Authentic Adoration", address to the 49th International Eucharistic Congress, Quebec, June 19, 2008
 Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila Biography of His Eminence <mask> <mask>, Archbishop of Manila (November 11, 2017 archived copy)

1957 births
21st-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the Philippines
Living people
Roman Catholic archbishops of Manila
Ateneo de Manila University alumni
Ateneo de Manila University faculty
Cardinals created by Pope Benedict XVI
Officials of the Roman Curia
Filipino cardinals
Filipino people of Chinese descent
Members of the Congregation for Catholic Education
Tagalog people
Members of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
Roman Catholic bishops of Imus
Catholic University of America alumni
Members of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Filipino Roman Catholic theologians
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of

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title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

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<mask> (born July 27, 1948) is a retired American professional wrestler. He is the son of <mask>. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he achieved his biggest success as one half of the tag team The High Flyers with Jim Brunzell. The High Flyers enjoyed a number of high-profile feuds within the American Wrestling Association (AWA) with the likes of Bobby Duncum and Blackjack Lanza, Pat Patterson and Ray "The Crippler" Stevens,  The East-West Connection (Adrian Adonis and Jesse "The Body" Ventura), and The Sheiks (Ken Patera and Jerry Blackwell). Professional wrestling career

American Wrestling Association
Schooled in the fundamentals of amateur wrestling by his father as a teenager, <mask> started wrestling professionally in 1972 in his father's promotion, the American Wrestling Association (AWA). Gagne formed the team The High Flyers with Jim Brunzell, and on July 7, 1977 they defeated Duncum and Lanza to win the AWA World Tag Team Championship. The Flyers successfully defended the title in rematches with the former champions as well as other contenders within the AWA ranks for nearly 15 months before they had to vacate the title due to an injury that Jim Brunzell sustained while playing in a charity softball game.The title was awarded to Pat Patterson and Ray Stevens in late September 1978. The Flyers regained the title in June 1981 from The East-West Connection (Adrian Adonis and Jesse "The Body" Ventura). The Flyers held the title for a little more than two years before dropping it to Ken Patera and Jerry Blackwell on June 26, 1983. Though the Flyers came close to regaining the title on several occasions, they never recaptured it. The team parted ways shortly thereafter, with Gagne entering into singles competition while Brunzell worked frequently as both a singles and tag team wrestler before departing for the World Wrestling Federation in 1985. From 1984 to 1986, Gagne was involved in a feud with Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie's

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title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

texts: army, which at the time included King Kong Brody. The feud also saw <mask>'s retired father Verne return briefly for a number of matches.The David vs. Goliath feel to the Brody/Gagne feud boosted attendance at the time, a trend that might have continued, giving the AWA a much needed shot in the arm. Before the feud could be marketed to its full potential, Brody left the AWA. Meanwhile, in 1985, Gagne began an ill-fated and short-lived metamorphosis, becoming a member of Sgt. Slaughter's Cobra Corps. The idea saw a fatigues-clad Gagne teaming with Slaughter. In the later 1980s, Gagne feuded with Curt Hennig, Ron Garvin, and Larry Zbyszko and briefly resurrected his feud with Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie. His feud with Hennig over the AWA title only heated up when both fathers, Verne and Larry Hennig, became embroiled in the feud interfering on behalf of their sons during many of their matches.Gagne apparently won the title on several occasions only to have the belt returned to Hennig on technicality, à la the Dusty finish. It was during this time that the AWA created the AWA International Television Championship. <mask> defeated Adrian Adonis in a tournament to be crowned the first TV champion. Ron Garvin defeated Gagne for the TV title in the fall of 1988, hitting Gagne with a foreign object to get the pin. The belt was held up until a showdown at SuperClash III. Gagne won the belt back as the result of a count out. After SuperClash III, the AWA stripped Jerry Lawler of the World Title (Lawler eventually left the AWA and competed in the USWA as that federation's World champion).It was then decided that the new champion would be determined in a battle royal in February 1989. Many fans expected either <mask> or Slaughter to win the title that night and the crowd reacted with shock when both were eliminated late in the match. The crowd was even more stunned when Larry Zbyszko became the new champion by eliminating Tom Zenk to end the

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title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

texts:
 match. <mask> challenged Larry Zbyszko for the AWA World Heavyweight Championship at War in the Windy City, but was unsuccessful. It was also around this time the Sheik Adnan Al-Kaissie attacked Verne <mask> during an interview. As a result, <mask> turned his attention to Adnan in a feud that eventually involved a young Kokina Maximus. Gagne's wrestling career ended during a match for the vacated AWA World Tag Team Title.<mask> and Paul Diamond were facing The Destruction Crew in the finals when Adnan and Kokina came to the ring and confronted Gagne. Kokina slammed Gagne on the cement floor outside the ring and then splashed his leg, apparently doing damage to Gagne's knee. Gagne retired due to the injury and began to work in the broadcast booth and in production. Publicly, he enlisted the help of Jerry Blackwell to exact revenge on Adnan and Kokina. Despite the build up, the match never occurred. Following an ongoing exodus of talent and the disastrous Team Challenge Series, the AWA became inactive in late 1990. The Gagnes made an attempt to revive the AWA in May 1991, but were unsuccessful.Gagne teamed with Wahoo McDaniel to face the Destruction Crew in the main event of the last AWA show promoted by Verne <mask> in May 1991. After the AWA closed for good, Gagne worked as a road agent for World Championship Wrestling for a couple of years. While working for his father's AWA, Gagne received $100,000 in workman's compensation benefits. This money would later play a role in his bankruptcy proceedings. World Wrestling Federation
Although he worked the majority of his career for his father's promotion, Gagne made some rare appearances in the then World Wrestling Federation, current day WWE. <mask>'s first appearance in the WWF (at that time under the World Wide Wrestling Federation "WWWF" banner) was in 1977, in a match for WWWF TV-Tapings at Madison Square Garden, where he defeated Johnny Rodz. Gagne's second appearance in the WWF

masks: Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

texts:
 was on April 24, 1980, where he defeated preliminary wrestler Jose Estrada in a match for WWF-TV Tapings at MSG.<mask>'s third and final appearance in the WWF was at the Showdown at Shea event on August 9, 1980, where he defeated Rick McGraw. Other promotions
Apart from the WWF, Gagne made some other rare appearances in other territories, though many of these appearances would be the result of the AWA exchanging their talent with other promotions. In 1976, Gagne would make his first appearance in wrestling outside his father's promotion, appearing at a Central States Wrestling event, where Gagne teamed up with Pat O' Connor to take on the team of Baron von Raschke and Ernie Ladd. Gagne's final appearance in CSW was when Gagne teamed up with Jim Brunzell to defeat the team of Bennie Ramirez and Moose Morowski. <mask> would make multiple appearances through the course of 1977 and 1978 at NWA St. Louis Wrestling and Maple Leaf Wrestling, where he often would be paired up with Jim Brunzell to defend their AWA World Tag Team Titles. Gagne would later appear in the Memphis-based Continental Wrestling Association, where he and Brunzell would successfully defend their titles against the team of Frankie Laine and Mike Boyer. Through the course of 1982 and 1984, Gagne would often travel to Japan and make appearances for All Japan Pro Wrestling, where he would team with Jim Brunzell as well.On May 11, 1984, <mask> and Brunzell appeared at a Georgia Championship Wrestling event, where they defeated the team of Jimmy Duke and Rooster Griffin. On September 19, 1985, <mask> appeared at a Jim Crockett Promotions event, where he teamed up with Sgt. Slaughter (as Brunzell by the time left the AWA for the WWF) to take on the team of Nick Bockwinkel and Larry Zbyszko. Bockwinkel and Zbyszko would win the match by disqualification. <mask>'s last appearance outside the AWA would come in 1988, at a CWA event, where he defeated Terry Adonis. Personal

masks: Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne Gagne


title: Greg Gagne (wrestler)

texts:
 life
Gagne played football at the University of Minnesota from 1967 to 1969. He transferred to the University of Wyoming in 1970 where he played ten games as quarterback.Gagne appeared in the 1974 movie, The Wrestler. He also made a brief appearance in the movie Highlander during the opening scene at Madison Square Garden. <mask> was married to Mary Gail Gagne and has three children. Mary Gail <mask> died on March 29, 2019. <mask> inducted his father, Verne <mask>, into the WWE Hall of Fame on April 1, 2006. When his run with WCW was over, he sold Mitsubishi cars in Minnesota. On April 30, 2006, it was announced that Gagne would be working for World Wrestling Entertainment full-time as a road agent, starting at Backlash.He also worked at WWE's training camp Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW). He later parted ways with WWE. He runs a small commodity trading fund on behalf of retired AWA talent. In addition, in 2009, Gagne opened a professional wrestling school in Mound, Minnesota. He has also coached football. Championships and accomplishments

American Wrestling Association
AWA International Television Championship (2 times)
AWA World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Jim Brunzell
Cauliflower Alley Club
Tag Team Award (2016) – with Jim Brunzell
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI Tag Team of the Year (1982) with Jim Brunzell
PWI ranked him # 169 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003
PWI ranked him # 49 of the 100 best tag teams of the "PWI Years" with Jim Brunzell in 2003. Pro Wrestling This Week
Wrestler of the Week (January 10–16, 1988)
Wrestler of the Week (March 20–26, 1988) tied with Steve O
World Wrestling Council
WWC Caribbean Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Jim Brunzell

References

External links

American male professional wrestlers
People from Robbinsdale, Minnesota
Professional wrestlers from Minnesota
Minnesota Golden Gophers football players
Wyoming Cowboys football players
1948

masks: Greg Gagne Greg Gagne


title: Yasuo Matsuyama

texts:
{{Infobox scientist
| name = <mask>
| image = <mask>-Wuxi-2017-04.jpg
| caption = At the 2017 HPC Connection Workshop
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Yokohama, Japan
| death_date =
| death_place =
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality = Japanese
| alma_mater = Waseda University (Dr. Engineering, 1974)
Stanford University (PhD, 1978)
| thesis_title = Studies on Stochastic Modeling of Neurons (Dr. Engineering from Waseda University) . Process Distortion Measures and Signal Processing (PhD from Stanford University). | thesis_url =
| doctoral_advisor = Waseda University: Jun'ichi Takagi, Kageo Akizuki, and Kastuhiko Shirai for Dr. Engineering

Stanford University: Robert M. Gray for PhD
| known_for = Alpha-EM algorithm
| website = http://www.f.waseda.jp/yasuo2/en/index.html
| ethnicity =
| field = Machine learning and human-aware information processing
| work_institutions = Waseda University, Stanford University
}}
<mask> (born March 23, 1947) is a Japanese researcher in machine learning and human-aware information processing. Matsuyama is a Professor Emeritus and an Honorary Researcher of the Research Institute of Science and Engineering of Waseda University. Early life and education
<mask> received his bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees in electrical engineering from Waseda University in 1969, 1971, and 1974 respectively. The dissertation title for the Doctor of Engineering is Studies on Stochastic Modeling of Neurons. There, he contributed to the spiking neurons with stochastic pulse-frequency modulation.Advisors were Jun’ichi Takagi, Kageo, Akizuki, and Katsuhiko Shirai. Upon the completion of the doctoral work at Waseda University, he was dispatched to the United States as a Japan-U.S. exchange fellow by the joint program of the Japan

masks:
Yasuo Matsuyama
YasuoMatsuyama
Yasuo Matsuyama
Matsuyama


title: Yasuo Matsuyama

texts:
 Society for the Promotion of Science, Fulbright Program, and the Institute of International Education. Through this exchange program, he completed his Ph.D. program at Stanford University in 1978. The dissertation title is Process Distortion Measures and Signal Processing. There, he contributed to the theory of probabilistic distortion measures and its applications to speech encoding with spectral clustering or vector quantization. His advisor was Robert. M. Gray.Career
From 1977 to 1078, <mask> was a research assistant at the Inofrmation Systems Laboratory of Stanford University. From 1979 to 1996, he was a faculty of Ibaraki University, Japan (the final position was a professor and chairperson of the Information and System Sciences Major). Since 1996, he was a Professor of Waseda University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering. From 2011 to 2013, he was the director of the Media Network Center of Waseda University. At the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami of March 11, 2011, he was in charge of the safety inquiry of 65,000 students, staffs and faculties. Since 2017, <mask> is a Professor Emeritus and an Honorary Researcher of the Research Institute of Science and Engineering of Waseda University. Since 2018, he serves as an acting president of the Waseda Electrical Engineering Society.Work
<mask>’s works on machine learning and human-aware information processing have dual foundations. Studies on the competitive learning (vector quantization) for his Ph.D. at Stanford University brought about his succeeding works on machine learning contributions. Studies on stochastic spiking neurons for his Dr. Engineering at Waseda University set off applications of biological signals to the machine learning. Thus, his works can be grouped reflecting

masks: Matsuyama Matsuyama Matsuyama


title: Yasuo Matsuyama

texts: these dual foundations. Statistical machine learning algorithms: The use of the alpha-logarithmic likelihood ratio in learning cycles generated the alpha-EM algorithm (alpha-Expectation maximization algorithm). Because the alpha-logarithm includes the usual logarithm, the alpha-EM algorithm contains the EM-algorithm (more precisely, the log-EM algorithm). The merit of the speedup by the alpha-EM over the log-EM is due to the ability to utilize the past information.Such a usage of the messages from the past brought about the alpha-HMM estimation algorithm (alpha-hidden Markov model estimation algorithm) that is a generalized and faster version of the hidden Markov model estimation algorithm (HMM estimation algorithm). Competitive learning on empirical data: Starting from the speech compression studies at Stanford, <mask> developed generalized competitive learning algorithms; the harmonic competition and the multiple descent cost competition. The former realizes the multiple-object optimization. The latter admits deformable centroids. Both algorithms generalize the batch-mode vector quantization (simply called, vector quantization) and the successive-mode vector quantization (or, called learning vector quantization). A hierarchy from the alpha-EM to the vector quantization: <mask> contributed to generate and identify the hierarchy of the above algorithms. Alpha-EM ⊃ log-EM ⊃ basic competitive learning (vector quantization, VQ; or clustering).On the class of the vector quantization and competitive learning, he contributed to generate and identify the hierarchy of VQs. VQ ⇔ {batch mode VQ, and learning VQ} ⊂ {harmonic competition} ⊂ {multiple descent cost competition}. Applications to Human-aware information processing: The dual foundations'' of his led to

masks: Matsuyama Matsuyama


title: Yasuo Matsuyama

texts:
 the applications to huma-aware information processing. Retrieval systems for similar images and videos. Bipedal humanoid operations via invasive and noninvasive brain signals as well as gestures. Continuous authentication of uses by brain signals. Self-organization and emotional feature injection based on the competitive learning.Decomposition of DNA sequences by the independent component analysis (US Patent: US 8,244,474 B2). Data compression of speech signals by the competitive learning. The above theories and applications work as contributions to IoCT (Internet of Collaborative Things) and IoXT (http://www.asc-events.org/ASC17/Workshop.php). Awards and honors
2016: e-Teaching Award of Waseda University
2015: Best Textbook Award by the Japanese Society of Information Processing
2014: Fellow of the Japanese Society of Information Processing
2013: IEEE Life Fellow
2008: Y. Dote Memorial Best Paper Award of CSTST 2008 from ACM and IEEE
2006: LSI Intellectual Property Design Award from the LSI IP Committee
2004: Best Paper Award for Application Oriented Research from Asia Pacific Neural Network Assembly
2002: Fellow Award from the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
2001: Telecommunication System Major Award of the Telecommunications Advancement Foundation
2001: Outstanding Paper Award of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
1998: Fellow Award from IEEE
1992: Best Paper Award from the Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
1989: Telecommunication System Promotion Award of the Telecommunications Advancement Foundation

References

External links
<mask> <mask>, Professor Emeritus of Waseda University
<mask> Matsuyama at IEEE

1947 births
Living people
Machine learning researchers
Waseda University

masks: Yasuo Matsuyama Yasuo


title: Rob Friend

texts:
<mask> (born 23 January 1981) is a Canadian former professional soccer player, who played as a forward, and CEO of Pacific FC. Early life and education
<mask> was born 23 January 1981 in Rosetown, Saskatchewan, Canada, and grew up in Kelowna, British Columbia. He was the first Kelowna-based player to make the British Columbia Provincial team, a collection of top youth players, and was named captain of the 1997 team. <mask> was exposed to senior level play early, appearing for Okanagan Challenge of the Premier Development Soccer League as well as appearing in an exhibition for the Vancouver 86ers of the A-League. Despite training with English club Crewe Alexandra F.C., <mask> decided to attend Western Michigan University instead of turning pro. He played college soccer for the Western Michigan Broncos from 1999 to 2000, appearing in 40 games and scoring 9 goals. <mask> transferred to the University of California, Santa Barbara and finished his collegiate career with the UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer team.As a senior, <mask> scored in 12 consecutive matches which ranks fifth in NCAA Division I history. He appeared in 40 games for the Gauchos, scoring 31 goals and assisting on 9 more. He was named as a 2002 All-American, becoming the first Gaucho in 32 years to receive the honor. Club career

Norway
After graduation from UCSB, <mask> went on trial with Moss FK in December 2002. After a positive showing, he signed a two-year deal in December 2002 for Moss FK's upcoming 2003 Norwegian First Division season. Despite his contract with Moss FK, <mask> was drafted in the 4th Round (35th Overall) of the 2003 MLS SuperDraft by Chicago Fire making him the first player from UCSB drafted to MLS. <mask> made 41 league appearances and scored 16 league goals for Moss FK over his

masks:
Robert Douglas Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend
Friend


title: Rob Friend

texts:
 two-season span with the club before being transferred to Molde FK in August 2004.With Molde, he won the 2005 Norwegian Football Cup and scored a goal in the Final. He remained with the Molde FK until 2006, making 40 league appearances and scoring 14 league goals for the club. The Netherlands
Early 2006 saw interest in <mask> rise with Crystal Palace F.C. and Vålerenga Fotball among teams looking to purchase him. It was announced in late March 2006 that <mask> was sold to SC Heerenveen ahead of the 2006–07 Eredivisie season. Per terms of the agreement, his last game for Molde FK was in July and a portion of the transfer fee went to his original club Moss FK. After making 19 appearances with Heerenveen and scoring five goals, he was loaned to Heracles Almelo in January 2007 to conclude the 2006–07 Eredivisie season.Despite his contributions, Heerenveen deemed him surplus to requirements and transferred him on to Borussia Mönchengladbach. Germany
During the 2007–08 season <mask> scored 18 goals in 33 matches, making him Borussia Mönchengladbach's top scorer and the second top scorer in Bundesliga 2. His team finished first, and were promoted to the Bundesliga. On 17 August 2008, <mask> scored in his very first game in the Bundesliga, against VfB Stuttgart. After three years in Mönchengladbach, including two in the Bundesliga, <mask> was sold from the club and was bought by the newly relegated Hertha BSC for €1.8 million. <mask> made his debut and scored his first goal for Berlin on 14 August 2010 in a DFB-Pokal cup match versus Pfullendorf, the game ended as a 2–0 victory. Six days later he made his league debut for the team in a 3–2 victory over Rot-Weiß Oberhausen.On 12 September, <mask> had a man of the match performance scoring 2 goals in a 3–1 home victory over Arminia

masks: Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend


title: Rob Friend

texts:
 Bielefeld at Olympic Stadium. <mask> finished his first season with Hertha having scored 6 goals in 27 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga and DFB-Pokal. He helped Hertha win the 2. Bundesliga gaining automatic promotion back to top flight football. On the final day of the 2011 summer transfer window, <mask> returned to the second division, joining the newly relegated Eintracht Frankfurt. He was close to re-joining Major League Soccer in the United States in January 2013, but despite interest from Vancouver Whitecaps FC <mask> saw his contract to completion in Germany.United States
On 13 January 2014, <mask> made the move to Major League Soccer club Los Angeles Galaxy. After one season with Los Angeles, which included winning the 2014 MLS Cup, <mask> announced his retirement on 10 December 2014 due to issues stemming from concussions. International career

<mask> has represented Canada at the U-20, U-23, and senior levels. He saw action in the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship, as well as the 2004 CONCACAF Men Pre-Olympic Tournament. <mask> made his debut with the senior international team on 18 January 2003 in a friendly with the United States. Since then, and as of February 2013, he has been capped 32 times by his country, scoring twice. He has represented Canada in five FIFA World Cup qualification matches.Personal life
<mask> was inducted into the UCSB Intercollegiate Athletics Hall of Fame in 2008. In August 2014, <mask> was named as the inaugural sports ambassador for the Academy for Canadians in Sports and Entertainment – Los Angeles. <mask> is married to Marisa Lauren "Mari" Bell, a former UC Santa Barbara women's volleyball player. The couple have 3 children. Career statistics

Club

International

Scores and results list Canada's goal tally first, score column

masks: Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend Friend


title: Rob Friend

texts:
 indicates score after each <mask> goal. References

External links

 Canada player profile

 UC Santa Barbara player profile

1981 births
Living people
People from Rosetown
Association football forwards
Soccer people from British Columbia
Soccer people from Saskatchewan
Sportspeople from Kelowna
Canadian soccer players
Canada men's international soccer players
2007 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup players
Canadian expatriate soccer players
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Norway
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the Netherlands
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men's soccer players
Moss FK players
Molde FK players
SC Heerenveen players
Heracles Almelo players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
Hertha BSC players
Chicago Fire FC draft picks
Eintracht Frankfurt players
Eintracht Frankfurt II players
TSV 1860 Munich players
LA Galaxy players
Eliteserien players
Norwegian First Division players
Eredivisie players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Major League Soccer players
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Expatriate footballers in Norway
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Pacific FC non-playing staff
Canada men's youth international soccer players
Canada men's under-23 international soccer


title: Bradish Johnson

texts:
<mask> (April 22, 1811 – November 3, 1892) was an American industrialist. He owned plantations and sugar refineries in Louisiana and a large distillery in New York City. In 1858 his distillery was at the heart of a scandal when an exposé in a weekly magazine accused it (and other distilleries) of producing altered and unsafe milk, called "swill milk", for sale to the public. The swill milk scandal helped to create the demand for consumer protection laws in the United States. Early life and education
<mask>'s father, William M<mask>, was a sea captain from Nova Scotia. In 1795 he purchased land in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, along with a partner from Salem, Massachusetts named <mask>. The partners built a sugar plantation there called "Magnolia", where they settled and began to produce sugar.In the 1830s, <mask> moved his family to a new plantation four miles further up the Mississippi River, in Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana. He named his new plantation "Woodland". <mask> <mask>, born in 1811, was the third of four sons. He was named after his father's business partner, <mask>. By 1820, Captain <mask> had also begun purchasing property on the West side of Manhattan and had gone into the distillery and sugar refining business in New York. <mask> <mask>, who was born in Louisiana, attended Columbia College in New York City, graduating in the class of 1831.

<mask> started out as a partner in the distilling company William Johnson and Sons. After his father's death, he went into business with a man named Moses Lazarus as Johnson and Lazarus.Upon the retirement of Lazarus, the firm was renamed Bradish Johnson and Sons. The <mask>s owned several properties, including a distillery at 244 Washington Street. The largest facility occupied

masks:
Bradish Johnson
Bradish Johnson
. Johnson
George Bradish
William Johnson
Bradish
Johnson
George Bradish
William Johnson
Bradish
Johnson
Business Johnson
Johnson


title: Bradish Johnson

texts:
 two city blocks near the Hudson River, from Ninth Avenue to Eleventh Avenue between 15th and 16th Streets. The distillery was east of Tenth Avenue, while the cow barns and dairy were located west of Tenth. Through his distilleries and his investments in real estate, <mask> became very wealthy. He became one of the directors of the Chemical Bank of New York when it was rechartered in 1844. He served as a director for the next twenty years.<mask> was an innovator in the sugar industry, and his refinery was the first to "successfully make use of centrifugal machines in the manufacture of sugar". <mask> inherited Woodland Plantation from one of his brothers before the Civil War. He eventually purchased a number of other plantations in the area: Pointe Celeste, Bellevue, and the Orange Farm. He also acquired two plantations above New Orleans which he renamed after his married daughters: Whitney Plantation and Carroll Plantation. When <mask>'s estate was settled in 1900, it included 31 pieces of New York real estate, which together added up to 78 acres. All the lots were purchased by a corporation formed by his heirs for a total of $4,769,100. "Swill milk" scandal

The  Johnson & Lazarus distillery at 16th Street was the subject of a famous muckraking exposé by Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper in 1858.Distilleries in 19th century New York had to dispose of the tons of organic waste they generated, and their solution was to feed the still hot mash to hundreds of sick old cows and then sell the milk. The cows were crowded into filthy stables, and were so sickly that some of them were reportedly held up by slings. The milk, referred to as "swill milk", was often cut with water and then thickened with chalk or flour. Swill milk was

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Bradish Johnson

texts:
 accused of being a major cause of infant mortality — it was sold from pushcarts all over the city, advertised, e.g., as farm-fresh milk from Orange County. <mask> was a supporter of the Tammany Hall politician Alderman Michael Tuomey, known as "Butcher Mike". Tuomey defended the distillers vigorously throughout the scandal — in fact, he was put in charge of the Board of Health investigation. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper staked out <mask>'s mansion at 21st and Broadway, and reported that in the midst of the investigation, Tuomey was observed making late night visits.The Board of Health exonerated the distillers, but public outcry led to the passage of the first food safety laws in the form of milk regulations in 1862. Civil War years

Petitioning Lincoln
In 1863 <mask> took a leading part in the "Conservative Unionists", a group of businessmen with interests in the South who wanted occupied Louisiana let back into the Union with her 1852 constitution intact. They claimed that the state constitution had not been dissolved and the secession was illegal, so the President should allow the state back into the Union with slavery intact. <mask> and two other plantation owners made their argument in a letter to President Lincoln, reinforced by a personal visit. Lincoln was not impressed. In his dismissive response he wrote "I do not perceive how such committal could facilitate our military operations in Louisiana, I really apprehend it might be so used as to embarrass them." <mask> v. Dow
In 1863 <mask> brought a suit against a Union general.The suit claimed that in 1862 the occupying Union Army, under the command of General Neal S. Dow of the 13th Maine Regiment, 'took from <mask>'s plantation twenty-five hogsheads of sugar,

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Bradish Johnson

texts:
 plundered the dwelling-house hereon and took one silver pitcher, one-half dozen silver knives, one-half dozen silver spoons, one fish knife, one-half dozen silver teaspoons and other articles.' <mask> presented himself as a loyal citizen of the Union, residing in New York, who had simply been robbed by the Union Army. He was awarded $1750 in damages by the court. When Dow failed to pay him, he sued Dow in Dow's home state of Maine after the war. The case went all the way to the Supreme Court, which handed down a decision in 1876 against <mask>, pointing out that his holdings were in conquered territory during a time of war, and that it would be very hard to engage in warfare if the enemy could sue for damages. "<mask> v. Dow" became a hot topic of debate during the heated Tilden-Hayes Presidential election of 1876, as the country tried to figure out the confusing nature of the status of the defeated Confederate states. Woodland described
In 1863 the Union Army's "Office of Negro Labor" was sent to Woodland to investigate conditions there.They found that on the plantation "great ill feeling and discontent" existed. The slaves begged to be given permission to enlist in the Union Army. They complained that their rations were "unfairly curtailed" by the overseer and that he was "lecherous toward their women". After the inspectors had left, the overseer is said to have "harangued the Negroes, boasted of his unlimited power over them," and "used seditious and insulting language" towards the Union. This report presents a very different picture from the one that appeared in <mask>'s New York Times obituary and in the official history of the Chemical Corn Exchange Bank, which claimed that he had freed his slaves prior to the Emancipation


title: Bradish Johnson

texts:
 Proclamation. Personal life

<mask> married a New Yorker named Louisa Anna Lawrance around 1834. Together they had ten children.Their New York residence was located near fashionable Madison Square, at 21st Street on the short block between Broadway and Fifth Avenue. In 1874 <mask> retired from business in New York and moved to New Orleans, where he had a new Italianate mansion built in the Garden District at 2343 Prytania Street. The house is now home to the Louise S. McGehee School. The family also had an estate in East Islip, on the South Shore of Long Island, NY, which is where <mask> died on November 3, 1892. <mask> is interred at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Legacy
After <mask> retired to New Orleans, his house at 21st and Broadway was home to the Lotos Club. In 1918 the <mask> heirs had an office building erected on the site.The building, at 921–925 Broadway, is called the Bradish Johnson Building. An image of "Woodland" was used on the logo of the liqueur Southern Comfort from 1934 to 2001. Since 1997 the site of the Johnson & Lazarus distillery at 16th Street and Ninth Avenue, later the factory of National Biscuit Company,  has been home to Chelsea Market. The house at Woodland Plantation  has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1998, and is operated as a bed and breakfast. References

External links
Finding aid for the Bradish Johnson Papers at the Museum of the City of New York
Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search
Bradish Johnson Papers at The Historic New Orleans Collection

1811 births
1892 deaths
People from Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana
Businesspeople from New York City
American industrialists
Columbia College (New York) alumni
People from Bay Shore, New York
19th-century American

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Ranbir Kapoor

texts: <mask> (; born 28 September 1982) is an Indian actor. He is one of the highest-paid actors of Hindi cinema and has featured in Forbes Indias Celebrity 100 list since 2012. <mask> is the recipient of several awards, including six Filmfare Awards. The son of actors <mask> and Neetu Singh, and the grandson of veteran actor-director <mask>, <mask> pursued filmmaking and method acting at the School of Visual Arts and the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute, respectively. He subsequently assisted Sanjay Leela Bhansali on the film Black (2005) and made his acting debut with Bhansali's tragic romance Saawariya (2007), a critical and commercial failure. <mask> rose to prominence in 2009 with his performances in the coming-of-age film Wake Up Sid, the romantic comedy Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani, and the drama Rocket Singh: Salesman of the Year. His most widely seen film in this period came with the political drama Raajneeti (2010).The romantic drama Rockstar (2011), in which he played a troubled musician, and the comedy-drama Barfi! (2012), in which he played a cheerful deaf-and-mute man, earned <mask> two consecutive Best Actor awards at Filmfare. A starring role opposite Deepika Padukone in the romantic comedy Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani (2013) established him as a leading Bollywood actor. He followed this with roles in a series of films that did not perform well commercially, with the exception of the romance Ae Dil Hai Mushkil (2016). This was changed in 2018 when <mask> portrayed Sanjay Dutt in Rajkumar Hirani's biopic Sanju, one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time, for which he won another Filmfare Award for Best Actor. In

masks:
Ranbir Kapoor
Kapoor
Rishi Kapoor
Raj Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor
Kapoor