title: Hajduk Veljko

texts:
 ended in massive Turkish casualties and the successful escape of the Serbian rebels. His brother Milutin buried him at sunset at Negotin's church. After <mask>'s death Turks conquered Negotin and soon all Krajina. He is still remembered for his famous words: Glavu dajem, Krajinu ne dajem. (I'll give my head, but not Krajina)

Just before the Battle of Negotin, his friend, Vuk Karadžić suggested to him that he send his gold, jewels and other valuables to his family, so they wouldn't fall into Turkish hands. But Veljko refused, believing it wouldn't be proper for a great hajduk and war hero to be slain and found penniless. Veljko considered his personal reputation and glory more important than mere gold.Legacy

As a popular hero, there existed songs about him even during his lifetime. There exist over 70 lyrical and 10 epic poems about him. Some of the most known songs or epic poems include "Almond tree grew to me" (Расло ми је бадем дрво) and "Painful lies the Black Mustapha" (Болан ми лежи Кара-Мустафа). Serbian comic author Živorad Atanacković (1933-1998) created an adventurous comic on the person of <mask> Petrović, with the theme of the First Serbian Uprising (Hajduk Veljko, 1966). Some Bulgarian historians have portrayed fringe theories that <mask> was Bulgarian. He is included in The 100 most prominent Serbs. See also
 List of Serbian Revolutionaries

References

Sources

External links

1780s births
1813 deaths
People from Zaječar
18th-century Serbian people
19th-century Serbian people
People of the First Serbian Uprising
Serbian revolutionaries
Serbian soldiers
Hajduks
Timok Valley
Characters in Serbian epic poetry
Burials at Serbian Orthodox monasteries and churches
People from

masks: Veljko Veljko Veljko


title: David Jones (rugby, born 1881)

type: original

texts:
<mask> "Tarw" <mask> (1881– 21 January 1933) (also known as <mask>) was a Welsh dual-code international rugby union and rugby league footballer. He was a member of the winning Welsh team who beat the 1905 touring All Blacks in a game considered one of the greatest in the history of rugby union. <mask> is the only Welsh player to have been part of a team to have beaten the All Blacks in the union and league game and is the second dual-code international rugby player from the Northern Hemisphere. <mask> gained his nickname Tarw (Welsh for bull) from his imposing stature; standing at 6’1'’ and weighing almost 16 stone. A collier from Aberaman who later became a policeman before becoming a collier once more, he played club rugby as a forward for Treherbert RFC and then later Aberdare, before switching back to Treherbert. In his later life he was caught in a scandal which saw him banned from rugby union and forced his switch to rugby league. Personal history
<mask> was born in Tynewydd, a small village in the Rhondda Valley in 1881, to <mask> and his wife Catherine.<mask> was the middle child of five, and like his father before him, became a coal miner. <mask> later managed to find employment outside the tough world of mining, becoming a police officer. Reports exist during his period as an officer which help to explain his unconventional character, both on and off the pitch. One story is told that while serving as a police officer in Treherbert he became annoyed with an inspector, <mask> reportedly removed his tunic, grabbed hold of the inspector and forcibly ejected him from the station. Another occasion saw him disciplined by the police force for selling raffle tickets while still on duty. After leaving professional rugby <mask> became a publican and ran two pubs; the Eagle Hotel in Aberdare, and the Castle Hotel in Treherbert. He would later fight in World War I as a member of the Welsh Guards but was wounded badly at the Battle of the Somme, leaving injuries that affected his

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title: David Jones (rugby, born 1881)

texts:
 health throughout the rest of his life.In 1933 <mask> died in Aberdare, South Wales. Rugby union career
<mask> was one of a line of players chosen from clubs in the South Wales valleys to bolster the Welsh forward pack. His first international game was at the age of 20 against England after impressing during a trial at Treherbert in 1901 and he would represent Wales on another twelve occasions. <mask> was a powerful man with a heavy tackle and was used as an impact player; although recognised as a lock forward his international career saw him play in several positions including one game where he was given the number 8 shirt against Ireland in 1905. <mask> was part of a very successful Welsh team and was part of two Triple Crown winning sides. The greatest moment in <mask>' international career came in 1905 when he was chosen to face 'The Original' All Blacks in the famous Match of the Century Test match. The All Blacks had already played 27 games without loss, defeating the best British county and club teams as well as the England, Scottish and Irish national teams.Wales were the present Triple Crown holders and undefeated in the last year and the game was built into a major contest by the press, some going as far as calling it The Game of the Century. Although reported as limping earlier in the week, <mask> played his part in a hard-fought game, and along with Arthur Harding followed a clear tactical game to give Wales a clear advantage. The All Blacks had proven incredibly strong in their previous games in their scrummage tactics, using seven men instead of the usual eight, but using a wedge formation to force their opponents back and then use the additional man to great advantage when the ball was eventually released. Harding had played the All Blacks earlier in the tour, when he faced them with county side Middlesex, and this insight may have explained the Welsh tactic. The Welsh also used a seven-man scrummage pack, but with <mask> and Harding staying mobile behind the

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David Jones
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title: David Jones (rugby, born 1881)

texts:
 pack switching sides to prevent the wedge push. The Welsh would eventually win by the narrowest of margins, 3–0. Five days after facing New Zealand for Wales, <mask> was selected to face the same touring side as part of the Glamorgan County team.The county team was poorly represented, as several players from the victorious Wales team had promised to play but eventually dropped out, until only <mask>, Will Joseph and Jack Williams remained. The team played well, with some excellent play from Cardiff's Reggie Gibbs. <mask> himself was at the centre of two excellent moves; winning a line out and then placing an overhead punt, which Billy Pullen failed to handle correctly at the try line; and his own charge to the line which was just brought short of a try. Glamorgan eventually lost three tries to nil. <mask> would play his last rugby union game for Wales against South Africa in 1906. As part of the Glamorgan County side, <mask> had played very well in the team's narrow defeat by the South Africans; but in the international he looked tired and ragged, and his normal excellent scrummaging was poor. He retired from the field early, his Wales union career over at the age of just 25.

International rugby union matches
Wales
  1902, 1903, 1905, 1906
  1902, 1903, 1905
  1905
  1902, 1903, 1905, 1906
  1906

Rugby scandal
After <mask>' international career he would find himself caught up in a scandal surrounding professionalism.<mask> was thought to have returned to Treherbert after his weekly payment from Aberdare was cut from 10 to 5 shillings. An ex-secretary of Aberdare told the press that <mask> had received payment from the club, which was against amateur union rules. In 1907, after an investigation from the Welsh Rugby Union, <mask> was banned from playing rugby union for life. Dual rugby code international
After being banned from playing under union rules, <mask> joined professional league team Merthyr Tydfil RLFC, and made national representative appearances for Wales in rugby

masks: Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones


title: David Jones (rugby, born 1881)

texts:
 league. His appearance in the first ever full international played against a visiting southern hemisphere side – the New Year's Day 1908 Test against the All Golds at Aberdare saw him become Wales', and the Northern Hemisphere's second dual-code rugby international, just three years after fellow Rhondda player Jack Rhapps. Played on a near frozen pitch, the game was a close match, with <mask> scoring a try just minutes before the final whistle, which gave Wales the victory. This result made <mask> the first player to play in winning teams against New Zealand under both league and union codes.On 25 January, just over three weeks later, <mask> faced the New Zealand All Golds again, this time representing the Great Britain team. <mask> was the only representative from a Welsh club in the British team, with the game played at Headingley in Leeds. The British were victorious, 14–6, and <mask> was reselected for the second test against the New Zealand team on 8 February. Great Britain lost the second test, and <mask> was not a part of the British team for the third and final test. <mask> finished his international rugby league career just a few months later when he represented Wales for a second and final time in a 35–18 win over England. Bibliography

References

External links
!Great Britain Statistics at englandrl.co.uk (statistics currently missing due to not having appeared for both Great Britain, and England)
The All Golds

1881 births
1933 deaths
Aberdare RFC players
British Army personnel of World War I
Dual-code rugby internationals
Glamorgan County RFC players
Glamorgan Police RFC players
Great Britain national rugby league team players
Merthyr Tydfil RLFC players
Publicans
Rugby league hookers
Rugby league players from Treherbert
Rugby union players from Treherbert
Treherbert RFC players
Wales international rugby union players
Wales national rugby league team players
Welsh Guards soldiers
Welsh miners
Welsh police officers
Welsh rugby league players
Welsh rugby union

masks: Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones Jones


title: John Sterling (sportscaster)

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; July 4, 1938) is an American sportscaster, best known as the radio play-by-play announcer of Major League Baseball's New York Yankees. <mask> called 5,060 consecutive Yankees games, beginning in 1989, before taking a four-game break in July 2019. Early life
<mask> grew up on Manhattan's Upper East Side, in the East 80s. He was the son of advertising executive Carl H.T. and Gladys (Hodrov) Sloss. According to the 1940 U.S. Census, <mask> was one year old and living with the family in Manhattan when the census was taken on April 4. He briefly attended Moravian College, Boston University, and the Columbia University School of General Studies before leaving school to begin his career in radio at a small station in Wellsville, New York.Broadcasting career

Early career
<mask> began his broadcasting career in Baltimore, where he served as the play-by-play announcer for the then-Baltimore Bullets for the 1970–71 NBA season. He also did play-by-play for Morgan State University football, a role that he held from 1971 to 1978. <mask> came to New York broadcasting as a talk show host with WMCA in 1971. He later served as the radio voice for the WHA's New York Raiders, the WFL's New York Stars, the NHL's New York Islanders (where he was paired with Bob Lawrence), and the ABA/NBA's New York/New Jersey Nets (where he was paired mainly with Mike DeTomasso). <mask> also did a stretch with the Yankees as pre-game host on WMCA and WINS radio, as well as co-host on cable segments with Mel Allen. From 1975 through 1980, <mask> announced Nets and Islanders games for WMCA, WVNJ, WOR-TV, and SportsChannel New York, continuing his WMCA talk program until 1978. After his initial stint in New

masks:
John Sterling
John Sloss
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title: John Sterling (sportscaster)

texts:
 York, <mask> spent nine years in Atlanta hosting a sports call-in show on WSB radio and covering the Braves (1982–1987) and Hawks (1981–1989) for Turner Sports.New York Yankees (1989–present)
In 1989, <mask> returned to New York to broadcast the games for the Yankees on WABC radio. He has been with the Yankees ever since, currently calling games on WFAN radio and its affiliates in the New York Yankees Radio Network. Since 2005, he has been paired with Suzyn Waldman; past announcing partners include: <mask> (1989–1990), Joe Angel (1991), Michael Kay (1992–2001), and Charley Steiner (2002–2004). In 2013, the Yankees announced a move to WFAN for ten years, and <mask> was retained. He is currently under contract through the 2022 season. On October 18, 2021, <mask> signed a new contract with WFAN for 2022 with the potential for a reduced schedule. On September 20, 2018, as part of a promotion called “Rivalry in the Booth”, <mask> and Red Sox radio broadcaster Joe Castiglione switched places in the fourth inning.From June 29-30, 2019, <mask> called the first MLB games played in Europe. <mask> took his first days off since 1989 from July 4, 2019 until July 7, 2019. <mask>'s association with the Yankees is not limited to announcing live games over the radio. He is also host of the YES Network's Yankeeography series, which produces biographies of New York Yankees. Among several nominations, <mask> has received two Emmy Awards for the series. He also hosts the introductions and recaps for Yankees Classics. In addition, <mask> has a nightly commentary feature on WCBS newscasts called "Sterling on Sports", in which he gives his take on a recent sporting event or sports news item.This commentary airs

masks:
Sterling
Sterling
Jay Johnstone
Sterling
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Sterling
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Sterling


title: John Sterling (sportscaster)

texts:
 nightly during the 6:15 PM sports report. <mask> and former broadcasting partner Michael Kay commonly work together representing the Yankees. They announce the annual Yankees' Old-Timers' Day. They have presided at the "Key to the City" ceremonies following Yankee World Series victories in 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2009. The pair often serve as masters of ceremonies on and off the field for major Yankee events, including the 2000 ticker-tape parade held in the Yankees' honor after their World Series win. <mask> has emceed several Yankees pre-game ceremonies including the number retirements of Jorge Posada, Andy Pettitte, Bernie Williams, Tino Martinez, Joe Torre, Derek Jeter, Mariano Rivera's number retirement in 2013 and Monument Park induction (2016), and the 20th anniversary of the Yankees' 1996 World Series victory in 2016. His long association with the Yankees has earned him the nickname "Pa Pinstripe" from New York Daily News writer Bob Raissman.Other work
From 2013 through 2017 <mask> announced the Kitten Bowl on the Hallmark Channel. On December 16, 2018, <mask> called the Brooklyn NetsAtlanta Hawks game on the YES Network. Announcing mannerisms

<mask> has several idiosyncrasies that mark his broadcasts as distinctive, very unusual, if also divisive. In addition to a colorful vocal personality, <mask> has distinguished himself for sometimes characterizing plays differently than they may appear and for his announcing errors, habits that spark high feelings in fans and lead to comparisons with announcers like Phil Rizzuto. Following the final out of a Yankees victory, <mask> calls "Ballgame over! Yankees win! Theeeeeee Yankees win!"The length of the word "the" is held longer after

masks: Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling


title: John Sterling (sportscaster)

texts:
 dramatic victories, as well as after victories resulting in championships (which <mask> also punctuates by saying the name of whichever series is over). It has been played over the public address system at Yankee Stadium after every Yankees victory for the past several seasons, right before Frank Sinatra's cover of "Theme from New York, New York" is played. The phrase evolved from <mask>'s call of Mel Hall's game-winning three-run homer in the ninth inning on May 27, 1991, to give the Yankees a dramatic Memorial Day win over the Boston Red Sox. One of his signature radio remarks is his home run call "It is high, it is far, it is gone!" <mask> is known for devising a personalized home run catchphrase for every Yankee player. For back to back home runs, especially homers from opposite sides of the plate, <mask> references Harry Belafonte's "Zombie Jamboree" by saying "it's a back to back! ... and a belly to belly!"In addition, sometimes before a pitch he will say "theeeeeee pitch", lengthening the word the. If a batter swings and misses, <mask> will often say "cuuuuut on-and-missed", elongating the word cut, followed by on-n-miss pronounced as one quick word. After a strikeout swinging, he says "STRUCK HIM OUT SWINGING! ", and for a strikeout looking he calls "STRIIIIKE THREE! ", elongating the 'I' in strike. In all cases when <mask> emphasizes the word "the", as is one of his signatures, he uses not the long ē ("thee") but the schwa ə ("thuh"). Criticism
<mask>'s style of play calling is heavily criticized in the media.He is regularly criticized by Craig Carton and Phil Mushnick for his inaccurate calls. Jim Norton of The Opie and Anthony Show routinely mocked <mask>'s player nicknames and

masks: Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling


title: John Sterling (sportscaster)

texts:
 his emphasis on the "mmm" sound before saying "mmm-it is high, mmm-it is far. ..."

Personal life
<mask> is a resident of Edgewater, New Jersey. He had previously resided in Teaneck, New Jersey. He was divorced in 2008 after 12 years of marriage to wife, Jennifer and is the father of four, including a set of triplets, born in 2000. In January 2015, he was among hundreds of displaced residents after a fire destroyed the Avalon at Edgewater complex building. In August 2020, <mask> was hospitalized for a blood infection.On September 1, 2021, after calling a Yankees game remotely from Yankee Stadium, <mask> was stranded in his car about a mile from his home in Edgewater by flooding following Hurricane Ida. Spanish-language Yankees broadcaster Rickie Ricardo, also an Edgewater resident, was driving his Jeep Cherokee home and rescued <mask>. References

External links

 New York Yankees biography
 Blog dedicated to <mask>

1938 births
Living people
American Basketball Association announcers
American radio sports announcers
Atlanta Braves announcers
Atlanta Hawks announcers
Atlanta Falcons announcers
Boston University alumni
College football announcers
Columbia University School of General Studies alumni
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Moravian College alumni
National Football League announcers
National Hockey League broadcasters
National Basketball Association broadcasters
New York Islanders announcers
New York Nets announcers
New York Yankees announcers
People from Edgewater, New Jersey
People from Teaneck, New Jersey
People from the Upper East Side
People from Wellsville, New York
Sportspeople from New York City
World Football League announcers
YES Network
World Hockey Association

masks: Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling Sterling


title: Robert Whiting

texts:
<mask> (born October 24, 1942) is a best-selling author and journalist who has written several successful books on contemporary Japanese culture - which include topics such as baseball and American gangsters operating in Japan. He was born in New Jersey, grew up in Eureka, California and graduated from Sophia University in Tokyo. He has lived in Japan for a total of more than three decades since he first arrived there in 1962, while serving in the U.S. Air Force. He currently divides his time between homes in Tokyo and California. Background since relocating to Japan
<mask> first came to Japan with U.S. Air Force Intelligence in 1962. "I was going to Humboldt State University and was about to flunk out. I had all sorts of problems..." <mask> said in an interview with Gavin Blair in 2013, for the #1 Shimbun (the newspaper of the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan)."I was going to get drafted, so I joined the Air Force." <mask> was assigned to work for the National Security Agency in the U-2 program in Fuchu, Tokyo. He was offered a job working for the NSA when his tour with the Air Force was about to end, but he chose instead to study at Tokyo's Sophia University, where he majored in Political Science. In order to supplement his income while studying on the GI Bill, Whiting tutored Tsuneo Watanabe in English. Watanabe was a reporter for the Yomiuri Shimbun at that time, but is now (as of 2019) the Chairman of the Board of the newspaper - which has the highest circulation in the world. <mask> wrote his thesis on the factions of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party. His professor, Dr. Ori Kan, gave him an "A" on the project, though he tempered his praise for Whiting's scholarship (ironically, as it turns out, given Whiting’s later career path)."Your research is outstanding,” he told Whiting “but you really should learn how to write." <mask> graduated from Sophia in 1969. Whiting's research into the ties binding Japan’s leading politicians to yakuza

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title: Robert Whiting

texts:
 bosses gained him entrée into the Higashi Nakano wing of Tokyo’s largest criminal gang, the Sumiyoshi-kai, where he became an “informal advisor.”

He worked for Encyclopædia Britannica Japan as an editor until 1972, until in his words, he "got bored of being a gaijin" and moved to New York City, where he wrote his first book, The Chrysanthemum and the Bat. He later returned to Tokyo and worked for Time-Life for a year before becoming a free-lance author. Writing career
<mask>'s works on baseball include The Chrysanthemum and the Bat: The Game Japanese Play (Dodd, Mead, N.Y. 1977), You Gotta Have Wa (1989 Macmillan, 1990, 2009 Vintage Departures), Slugging It Out In Japan: An American Major Leaguer in the Tokyo Outfield (1991), and The Meaning of Ichiro: The New Wave from Japan and the Transformation of Our National Pastime (2004), all of which have been published in English and Japanese. You Gotta Have Wa is a work about Japanese society as seen through their adopted sport of baseball. It was a Book of the Month Club selection, a Casey Award finalist and a Pulitzer Prize nominee.Though considered an excellent book on baseball (the San Francisco Chronicle described it as "one of the best-written sports books ever"), like most of <mask>'s sports writing it examines much larger issues concerning Japan as well. David Halberstam stated that "What you read (in You Gotta Have Wa) is applicable to almost every other dimension of American-Japanese relations." The book has been required reading in the Japanese Studies departments of many American universities, as well as at the Japan Desk in the U.S. State Department. It sold 125,000 copies in hardcover and trade paperback and is in its 23rd printing. It was published in Japanese by Kadokawa under the title Wa Wo Motte Nihon To Nasu. It sold 200,000 copies in hardcover and paperback editions. In September 1991 it appeared in a list of the best non-fiction books ever published in Japan, compiled by Hon No

masks: Whiting Whiting


title: Robert Whiting

texts: Hanasahi  magazine.It has sold over 400,000 copies world wide, including Chinese and Korean editions. Tokyo Junkie was published in 2021. The Chrysanthemum and the Bat was chosen by TIME Magazine editorial staff as the best sports book of the year. Published in Japanese by Simul Publishing Company, as Kiku to Batto it was a best-seller and was reissued in 2005 by Hayakawa Shoten Publishing. Warren Cromartie's autobiography, Slugging It Out In Japan (Kodansha International, Tokyo 1991), was co-authored by <mask>. The book was the recipient of a New York Public Library award for educational merit. Published in Japanese by Kodansha International, as Saraba Samurai Yakyu, it sold 190,000 copies in hardcover.The Meaning of Ichiro, was published by Warner Books in 2004, and excerpted in Sports Illustrated. It sold 25,000 copies. The Japanese translation, Ichiro Kakumei was published by Hayakawa Shoten and has made many best-seller lists. A revised and updated edition of  The Meaning of Ichiro,  entitled The Samurai Way of Baseball, was published in trade-paperback form by Warner Books in April, 2005. <mask>’s most popular work is the nonfiction Tokyo Underworld: The Fast Times and Hard Life of an American Gangster in Japan (Pantheon, N.Y. 1999, Vintage Departures, 2000), an account of organized crime in Japan and the corrupt side of U.S.-Japan relations. Mario Puzo described the book as "a fascinating look at...fascinating people who show how democracy advances hand in hand with crime in Japan." It was a best-seller on many lists in Tokyo when published in translated form by Kadokawa, selling over 300,000 copies in hardcover and paperback in Japan alone, and was chosen as one of the top ten books on Japan (at number two) in an article by the scholar Jeff Kingston, writing in the #1 Shimbun.Tokyo Underworld was reported in 2009 and 2012 as being developed for film or television, with Whiting working as a consultant on the project, but nothing had been


title: Robert Whiting

texts: produced as of 2018. A sequel to Tokyo Underworld, Tokyo Outsiders - about foreign criminals in the Japanese underworld - has been published in Japanese, and an English version is in the works. Whiting in 2013 was in the process of writing another book on Japan's postwar characters. “I have a 150,000-word draft," Whiting said, "but unfortunately I picked the wrong 150,000. Now I’ve got to go back and replace them with the right ones.”  He said he rewrites all his books multiple times before publication. <mask> has also written 20 books in Japanese, mostly collections of the columns and articles he has written. His works have sold an aggregate of nearly two million copies in North America and Japan combined.In addition, he has authored a Manga series about a gaijin ballplayer in Japan, entitled Reggie, and published by Kodansha Comic Morning that sold 750,000 copies in graphic novel form. His biography of the Japanese pitcher, Hideo Nomo, who played in the US Major Leagues and was National League Rookie of the Year in 1995. The book was published in 2011 by PHP in Japanese. (<mask> has publicly praised Nomo, asserting that the history of Japanese baseball can be split up into “pre-Nomo and post-Nomo” eras.) The English-language The Book of Nomo was published in January 2017. <mask>'s book ふたつのオリンピック、東京１９６４/２０２０ (The Two Tokyo Olympics: 1964/2020) was published in Japanese by Kadokawa in 2018. In addition to his books, <mask> has been published in numerous periodicals, such as The New York Times, The Smithsonian, Sports Illustrated, Newsweek, TIME, and US News and World Report.He is also one of very few Westerners to write regular columns in the Japanese press. From 1979-1985, he was a columnist for the Japanese language Daily Sports. From 1988 to 1992, he wrote a weekly column for the popular magazine Shukan Asahi. From 1990-1993, he was a reporter/commentator for News Station, the top-rated news program in Japan. Since 2007, he has written a weekly

masks: Whiting Whiting Whiting Whiting


title: Robert Whiting

texts:
 column for Yukan Fuji, a major evening daily newspaper in Japan. He has written extensively on current issues impacting both Nippon Professional Baseball and Major League Baseball, including a four-part series, which was published in the Japan Times, followed by an in-depth series on Sadaharu Oh, Trey Hillman, Bobby Valentine and Hideo Nomo for the same paper. In October 2011, he wrote a three-part series for The Japan Times on the talented, but troubled, Japanese pitcher Hideki Irabu, who had died in California two months earlier of an apparent suicide.In a shifting era of globalization, <mask> is one of the few sports experts to explore the transnational flows of athletics. In his works he not only examines how different cultures have influenced the game of baseball, but how the game of baseball has helped influence and shape cultural identity across the globe. He is also an insightful commentator on the influence of the yakuza on the Japanese power structure and the dark side of Japanese-American relations since the end of the Second World War. In April 2005, <mask> was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award by the Foreign Sportswriters Association of Japan. You Gotta Have Wa and Slugging It Out in Japan appeared in the book, 501 Baseball Books Fans Must Read Before They Die (University of Nebraska Press, 2013). <mask> now regularly publishes his writing on Japanese sports, business and politics on Substack at https://robertwhiting.substack.com/

Tokyo Giants controversies and banning from Tokyo Dome
<mask> was banned from the Tokyo Dome for two years in 1987 after publishing an interview with Warren Cromartie in the Japanese magazine Penthouse, in which Cromartie criticized Yomiuri Giants front office executives. He was banned again, indefinitely, in 1990, after writing an investigative report for the magazine Shukan Asahi, which showed the Giants were falsifying attendance figures.The Yomiuri front office had claimed that every Giants home


title: Robert Whiting

texts:
 game played in the Tokyo Dome drew a capacity crowd of 56,000. However, Whiting counted the seats, which totaled 42,761, and then the standing room at several Giants games, which averaged 3,500, demonstrating that the maximum audience for a baseball game could not have been much more than 46,000. <mask> returned to the Dome for the first time as a reporter in 2004 to cover an Opening Day match between the New York Yankees and the Tampa Bay Rays. Other professional activities
In addition to his work as a writer, <mask> has delivered speeches at Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford, Temple University, Occidental College, Michigan State University, the International House of Japan, the American Chamber of Commerce in Japan, CLSA, and The Japan Society of New York, among other institutions. He has also appeared in numerous documentaries about Japan and on such shows as CNN's Larry King Live, the PBS Macneil-Lehrer News Hour, Nightline, ESPN's Sports Central, HBO's RealSports and All Things Considered. On July 19, 2015, <mask> launched his own weekly podcast entitled "<mask>'s Japan" (https://soundcloud.com/robert-whitings-japan). It is available on SoundCloud and via iTunes.<mask> is married to Machiko Kondo, who recently retired as an officer for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). In her 25 year career she was posted in Geneva, Mogadishu, Karachi, Tan Jung Pinang and Dhaka, among other locations. Her last post, in Stockholm, was as Representative for Scandinavia, an ambassador-level position. Representation
Whiting's literary agent is Amanda Urban at ICM. References

External links
 "Tokyo Underworld 2012: An Evening with <mask>,” The Japan Society of New York, New York City, February 16, 2012
 "Interview with <mask>, author of Tokyo Underworld," by Don MacLaren, in autumn 2012 edition of Wilderness House Literary Review
 "<mask>ing's Japan" Weekly podcast with <mask>ing

1942 births
American

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Whiting
Robert Whiting
Family Whiting
Robert Whiting
Robert Whiting
Robert Whit
Robert Whit


title: Jijé

texts:
Joseph Gillain (), better known by his pen name <mask> (; 13 January 1914 – 19 June 1980), was a Belgian comics artist, best known for being a seminal artist on the Spirou et Fantasio strip (and for having introduced the Fantasio character) and the creator of one of the first major European western strips, Jerry Spring. Biography

Born Joseph Gillain in Gedinne, Namur, he completed various art studies (woodcraft, goldsmithing, drawing and painting) at the abbey of Maredsous. In 1936, he created his first comics character, Jojo in the catholic newspaper Le Croisé. Jojo was heavily influenced by The Adventures of Tintin, but Jijé gradually developed his own style. Soon a second series followed, Blondin et Cirage, for the catholic youth magazine Petits Belges. Jijé also produced many illustrations for various Walloon magazines. In 1939, he started to work for the new Spirou magazine, where he would produce the largest part of his oeuvre and with whom he would remain associated with until the end of his life.Because the magazine could not receive foreign comic strip material during the war, as the main local artist, he drew most of the comics during that period. He took over the main series, Spirou et Fantasio, from the Frenchman Rob-Vel: he added the sidekick Fantasio to the lone hero Spirou in order to add some comic relief in the series. He then created his own series, Jean Valhardi, and drew episodes of the American series published during the war, like Red Ryder and Superman, when due to the war, the American pages could not reach the publisher. His Catholic faith inspired biographies of Don Bosco


title: Jijé

texts:
 and Christopher Columbus, as well as a gospel in comics form, Emmanuel. After the war, he handed over his existing series' to younger artists: André Franquin got Spirou et Fantasio, Eddy Paape Jean Valhardi and Victor Hubinon Blondin et Cirage. In the 1950s, he drew new adventures of Jean Valhardi and Blondin et Cirage, while starting a new series, the western Jerry Spring. He also drew a biography of Baden-Powell.In the mid-1960s, he took over the artwork of Tanguy et Laverdure from Albert Uderzo and Redbeard from Victor Hubinon, both in Pilote magazine. He died at Versailles after a prolonged illness. Style and appreciation
<mask> is one of the few European artists to have worked on both realistic and humorous features. After starting in a Hergé-like Ligne claire style, he went on to create his own distinctive style, the so-called Atom style. This style mixed elements of the Ligne Claire with Art Déco elements, and became one of the defining styles of the Franco-Belgian comics. He also had a few young cartoonists living with him in his studio in Waterloo, thus creating the so-called "School of Marcinelle": this included André Franquin, Morris, and Will. Other famous artists working in the style and influence of the School of Marcinelle include Peyo, Jean Roba and Eddy Paape.Together with Franquin, Jijé is considered to be the father of the Atom style, which has had a revival since the 1980s with artists like Yves Chaland and Ever Meulen. But Jijé was also the first master of the Franco-Belgian realistic comic, with Jerry Spring. Both his drawing style and his writing was very influential and


title: Charles Fryatt

texts:
<mask> (2 December 1872 – 27 July 1916) was a British mariner who was executed by the Germans for attempting to ram a U-boat in 1915. When his ship, the , was captured off the Netherlands in 1916, he was court-martialled and sentenced to death because he had attacked the submarine as a civilian non-combatant. International outrage followed his execution near Bruges, Belgium. In 1919, his body was reburied with full honours in the United Kingdom. Early life
<mask> was born on 2 December 1872 in Southampton, the son of <mask> and <mask>. He attended Freemantle School in the late 1870s. In 1881, <mask>'s family lived at 22 Trinity Terrace, in St Mary's, Southampton, but later moved to Harwich, Essex where he attended the Corporation School.He and his wife, Ethel, had seven children; six girls and one boy. The children were Olive, Victoria, Doris, Vera, Mabel, <mask> and Dorothy. The younger <mask> later followed his father into the merchant navy, training at HMS Worcester. On leaving school, <mask> entered the Mercantile Marine, serving on SS County Antrim, SS Ellenbank, SS Marmion and SS Harrogate. In 1892, <mask> joined the Great Eastern Railway as a seaman on . <mask>'s father had been the First Officer on . <mask> rose through the ranks, serving on various ships.His first command was . In 1913, he was appointed master of . U-boat attack
On 3 March 1915, <mask>'s command, , a Great Central Railway ship, was attacked by a German U-boat. The ship was chased for . With deckhands assisting the stokers, the vessel made  when it would normally have been pushed to make . Wrexham arrived at Rotterdam with burnt funnels. The Great Eastern Railway presented <mask> with a gold watch for this feat.The watch was inscribed Presented to Captain C. A<mask>

masks:
Charles Algernon Fryatt
Fryatt
Charles
Mary Fryatt
Fryatt
Charles
Charles
Fryatt
Fryatt
Fryatt
Fryatt
Fryatt
Fryatt
. Fryatt


title: Charles Fryatt

texts:
 by the chairman and Directors of the G.E Railway Company as a mark of their appreciation of his courage and skilful seamanship on March 2nd, 1915. Later that month he was in charge of Colchester when it was unsuccessfully attacked by a U-boat. On 28 March 1915, as captain of the , he was ordered to stop by  when his ship was near the Maas lightvessel. Seeing the U-boat had surfaced to torpedo his ship, <mask> ordered full steam ahead and tried to ram U-33, which crash-dived. This action complied with Winston Churchill's orders to captains of merchant ships, which included treating the crews of U-boats as felons and not as prisoners of war, in consideration of the German Empire's policy of unrestricted submarine warfare. White flags were to be ignored. Churchill's order also stated that survivors from U-boats might be shot if this was more convenient than taking them prisoner.If a captain were to surrender his ship he would be prosecuted by the British. The Germans became aware of these orders when they found a copy of them upon capturing the  in October 1915. For this second action, <mask> was awarded a gold watch by the Admiralty. The watch was inscribed Presented by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to Chas. Algernon <mask> Master of the S.S. 'Brussels' in recognition of the example set by that vessel when attacked by a German submarine on March 28th, 1915. <mask> was presented with a certificate on vellum by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty. He was also praised in the House of Commons.Capture
On 23 June 1916 Brussels left Hook of Holland bound for Harwich. Lights were shown from the beach and a flare was fired. A passenger is reported to have remained on deck and signalled to shore. Five German destroyers surrounded

masks: Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt


title: Charles Fryatt

texts:
 Brussels. The passengers were told to prepare to take to the lifeboats and orders were given for official papers to be destroyed, which was done successfully. Brussels was taken by the Germans, and the radio was destroyed. She was escorted into Zeebrugge and then to Bruges.Court-martial

<mask> and his crew were sent to the civilian internment camp at Ruhleben, near Berlin. On 16 July 1916, the Dutch newspaper De Telegraaf reported that <mask> had been charged with sinking a German submarine. In reality, U-33 had not been sunk. At the time of the trial she was on active service as part of the Constantinople Flotilla. The basis for the charge was the inscription on his gold watch from the Admiralty. <mask> was tried at a court-martial by the Imperial German Navy on 27 July 1916, at Bruges Town Hall. Captain <mask> was found guilty of being a franc-tireur and sentenced to death.The sentence was confirmed by the Kaiser. At 19:00, <mask> was executed by a Naval firing squad at Bruges within the harbour grounds. The execution was witnessed by one of the town's Aldermen. He was buried in a small cemetery just outside Bruges that was used for burying Belgian civilians executed after being convicted of offenses involving guerrilla warfare or perfidy. The grave was later visited by diplomat Sir Walter Townley (British Ambassador to the Netherlands from 1917 to 1919) and his wife. An execution notice was published in Dutch, French and German announcing the death of <mask>. It was signed by Admiral Ludwig von Schröder.A translation of the execution notice reads:

German post-war confirmation of court-martial
On 2 April 1919, a German international law commission named the "Schücking Commission", after its chairman Walther Schücking, reconfirmed

masks: Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt


title: Charles Fryatt

texts:
 <mask>'s sentence:
The execution by firing squad of Captain <mask>, ordered by the Court Martial of Bruges following judgment in the court-martial proceedings of 27 July 1916, involves no violation of international law. [However, t]he Commission regrets most deeply the haste with which the sentence was carried out. The commission's ruling was not unanimous. Two members of the legal review panel, Eduard Bernstein and Oskar Cohn, dissented because in their opinion <mask>'s conviction and execution had been "a serious violation of international law" and "an inexcusable judicial murder". Reaction

On 31 July 1916, British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith issued a statement in the House of Commons. Lord Claud Hamilton, MP, Chairman of the Great Eastern Railway, denounced the execution as "sheer, brutal murder". The Mayor of Harwich opened a fund to erect a permanent memorial to <mask>.A similar fund was opened in the Netherlands. In the United States, The New York Times denounced the execution as "a deliberate murder". The New York Herald called it "The crowning German atrocity". In the Netherlands, the Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant described the execution as "arbitrary and unjust", while the Handelsblad Holland called it "A cowardly murder inspired by hatred and revenge". In Switzerland, the Journal de Genève said "It is monstrous to maintain that armed forces have a right to murder civilians but that civilians are guilty of a crime in defending themselves". The Dutch branch of the League of Neutral States presented the Great Eastern Railway a memorial tablet which was erected at Liverpool Street station. The memorial was unveiled on 27 July 1917, exactly a year after <mask>'s execution.The scrap value of Brussels was donated towards the cost. The

masks:
Fryatt
Charles Fryatt
Fryatt
Fryatt
Fryatt


title: Charles Fryatt

texts:
 Great Eastern Railway awarded <mask>'s widow a pension of £250 per annum. The Government granted her an extra £100 per annum pension on top of her entitlement. <mask>'s insurers, the Provident Clerk's Association, paid the £300 that Mrs <mask> was entitled to immediately, dispensing with the usual formalities. The Royal Merchant Seaman's Orphanage offered to educate two of <mask>'s seven children. The King expressed his indignation and abhorrence at the execution of <mask> in a letter to Mrs <mask>. In the letter, he also wrote: "The action of Captain <mask> in defending his ship against the attack of an enemy submarine was a noble instance of the resource and self-reliance so characteristic of his profession."The incident inspired an Australian film, The Murder of Captain <mask> (1917). Funeral and reburial

In 1919, <mask>'s body was exhumed and returned to the United Kingdom for burial. <mask> was one of only three sets of British remains given a state funeral following the end of World War I, the others being Edith Cavell and The Unknown Warrior. His coffin was landed at Dover, and transported in South Eastern and Chatham Railway PMV No.132 to London. On 8 July 1919, his funeral service was held at St Paul's Cathedral. Hundreds of merchant seamen and widows of merchant seamen and fishermen attended. Representing the Government were many members of the Admiralty, the Board of Trade, the Cabinet and the War Office.The band of the Great Eastern Railway, augmented by drummers from the Royal Marines, played the Dead March. "Eternal Father, Strong to Save" and "Abide with Me" were sung, and a blessing given by the Bishop of London. The route of the coffin to Liverpool Street station was lined with people. <mask> was buried at All Saints'

masks: Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt


title: Charles Fryatt

texts:
 Church, Upper Dovercourt. His coffin was carried from the station to the church on a gun carriage. His widow was presented with the insignia of the Belgian Order of Leopold that had been posthumously awarded to <mask>. <mask> was also posthumously awarded the Belgian Maritime War Cross.In November 2018, <mask>'s grave was restored after years of neglect. Namesakes

In Zeebrugge there is a street named after Captain <mask> – Kapitein <mask>straat. A wing at Dovercourt Cottage Hospital – which is now known as the Captain Fryatt Memorial Hospital. – was named in <mask>'s honour. A public house in nearby Parkeston is also named in Captain <mask>'s honour. In Canada, the  high Mount <mask> () was named in 1921 in honour of Captain <mask>. The  high Brussels Peak () was named in honour of his ship.Commemoration
In 2016, an exhibition was held from 23 to 31 July at the Masonic Hall, Harwich, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of his execution. See also

Thrasher incident
Crash of Zeppelin LZ 54 (L 19) – German crew abandoned by British to drown in North Sea

References

Bibliography
 - Total pages: 128

 - Total pages: 480

Notes

External links
Arthur Balfour's comments on <mask>'s execution

1872 births
1916 deaths
English sailors
British Merchant Navy officers
Civilians killed in World War I
Civilians who were court-martialed
Executed British people
People executed by Germany by firing squad
People executed by the German Empire
Great Eastern Railway people
Military discipline and World War I
World War I civilian detainees held by Germany
World War I crimes by Imperial Germany
People from Southampton
People from Harwich
British Merchant Service personnel of World War I
Deaths by firearm in Belgium
Executed people from Hampshire
Burials

masks: Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt Fryatt


title: Nasim Hasan Shah

texts:
<mask> (Urdu: ) (15 April 1929 – 3 February 2015) was a Pakistani jurist and served as Chief Justice of Pakistan. He is best known for his role in the verdict against Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, the first democratically elected Prime Minister of Pakistan, which resulted in the death penalty. His other notable verdict was restoration of the parliament of Pakistan dissolved by then President Ghulam Ishaq Khan. The Supreme Court held that dissolution order was based on an incorrect appreciation of the role assigned to the president and of the powers vested in him by the constitution. The Prime Minister is not answerable to the President. In fact, it is the president who is obliged to act on the advice of the Prime Minister except when he enjoys discretionary powers. An inspiring man physically 56 inches tall and 50 inches in girth, he overcame his handicap to become the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan from 17 April 1993 to 14 April 1994.After a brilliant academic career and a Doctorate of Law (with distinction) from Paris University, he had a successful legal practice when he was appointed a High Court Judge at the age of 39, and retired from Supreme Court at 65, the longest tenure by any judge in the history of the Indo-Pak subcontinent. Education
<mask> <mask> was born in Lahore to Syed Mohsin <mask>, an eminent advocate and political activist. Early schooling Cathedral School Lahore: 1933 to 1941 Central Model School, Lahore passing Matriculation in FIRST Division
Joined Government College, Lahore in 1943 graduating from it in 1947. Awarded: Academic Roll of Honor
Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) from University of the Punjab, 1949 (FIRST Class)
Master in Arts (M.A.) in Political Science, Government College, 1951 (FIRST Class First)
Doctorate in Jurisprudence "Docteur-en-droit" with mention "Tres Bien" from University of Paris (Sorbonne)
Doctorate in Political Science:“Institute Des Hautes Etudes Internationales” (FIRST Position) from University of Paris, 1954
Diploma of The Hague Academy of International Law, 1954
Harvard University International Law Seminar, 1957

Distinctions

 Named "Man of the Decade" for services to Democracy and

masks:
Nasim Hasan Shah
Nasim
Hasan Shah
Shah


title: Nasim Hasan Shah

texts:
 petition. Instead, he was agitating legal points in a political manner. One member of the bench remarked;
In a situation where the judgment of a case was effective for citation as a reference, an ambiguous statement of one of the members of a panel of judges hearing the case, could in no way prejudice the decision after two decades. If such things were allowed to happen, the whole judicial system would collapse. (PLF) leader Hanif Tahir had quoted the former chief justice as saying in two of his press interviews that the Supreme Court judgment in the appeal of the late Bhutto against his death sentence awarded by the Lahore High Court, was a wrong decision and it was a fit case for lesser punishment.The petitioner submitted that Mr <mask> was part of the 7-member bench of the Supreme Court which upheld the death penalty. He contended that comments of the former chief justice amounted to a confessional statement and that he had shown no such sentiments while agreeing with the majority opinion of apex court's bench which confirmed the execution of Mr Bhutto. When the proceedings began, the petitioner requested the court that a larger bench be constituted to hear the case which was of paramount importance. Rejecting the request, the court informed Mr Tahir that petitions seeking registration of FIRs were usually heard by a single bench. It was because of the nature of case that the chief justice had constituted a division bench. Later, the petitioner requested for time to collect evidence and sought an adjournment. The court refused to do so and directed him to argue his case as he should have gathered evidence before coming to the court.The petitioner started with quotes from the interview of Mr <mask>. The court asked him if such quotes, taken from a television interview, carried any legal significance. When the petitioner submitted that the text of interview was a "public document", the court asked the lawyer to define the legality of public documents and remarked that points raised in the petition were based on hearsay. As for petitioner's contention that Mr <mask> had made a confessional statement in his interview, the court directed

masks: Shah Shah Shah


title: Nasim Hasan Shah

texts:
 him to examine the relevant law to know what a confessional statement was and if it carried a legal weight if given on a non-judicial or extrajudicial forum. He must also differentiate between a press statement and a legal statement recorded in a court of law. The bench of the Lahore High Court on 12 February 2004 dismissed in limina. On 25 February 2010, President Asif Ali Zardari said in Quetta: "I believe former Justice Naseem <mask> as the murderer of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto."Public service record

Pakistan Cricket Board President
<mask> <mask> has remained President of the Board between 1993 and 1994 and during his tenure an ad hoc committee was placed on the Karachi City Cricket Association (KCCA) whose affiliation with the Board had been suspended after the shock confession in a television interview by Dr <mask> <mask>, a member of the Supreme Court bench which rejected Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's appeal, that he had joined the rejectionists under pressure. The decision led to the execution of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. The Citizen's Media Commission of Pakistan
Dr. <mask> <mask> was the founding Chairman of the Commission

Markazzia Majilis-i-Iqbal (The Central Iqbal Committee)
Elected President following his time as Chief Justice of The Supreme Court

Published works
 Constitution, Law and Pakistan Affairs (1986)
 Law, Justice and Islam (1989)
 Judgement on the Constitution, Rule of Law and Martial Law in Pakistan (1993)
 Constitution, Law and Pakistan Legal System (1999)
 Memoirs and Reflections

See also
 Chief Justices of Pakistan
 Supreme Court of Pakistan
 List of Kashmiris
List of Pakistanis

References

 Judging the State : Courts and Constitutional Politics in Pakistan, by Paula R. Newburg

1929 births
Pakistani people of Kashmiri descent
Chief Justices of Pakistan
Government College University, Lahore alumni
The Hague Academy of International Law people
2015 deaths
Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
Pakistani judges
University of Paris alumni
University of the Punjab alumni
People from Lahore
Pakistani judges of international courts and tribunals
Pakistan Cricket Board Presidents and Chairmen
Central Model School, Lahore

masks:
Hassan Shah
Justice Nasim
Hasan Shah
Nasim
Hasan Shah
Nasim
Hasan Shah


title: Phil Dynan

texts:
<mask> (born 1948) is an artist and author living in California. His images have been published and distributed around the world. Much of his work has featured cycling and running art. Dynan is a painter and serigrapher as well as a graphic designer. His work has been used for a variety of events, including the Tour de France, the Tour Feminin, the World Cycling Championships, the Coors Classic "Sacramento Twilight Criterium", the San Diego Marathon, California International Marathon, the Lake Tahoe Marathon, and the San Francisco Marathon. Biography
<mask> was born in Kansas City, Missouri to parents <mask><mask> and Rosanell Cheatham. Both parents were employees of Hallmark Cards.Dynan's father was a platemaker in the photographic lab and his mother was an artist and card designer. Eventually, the Dynan family moved to Wilmington, Delaware; St. Louis, Missouri; Regina, Saskatchewan; Stockton, California, Montgomery, West Virginia; Lawrence, Kansas; and Macomb, Illinois. Dynan joined the US Army Security Agency in 1966 and served at Kagnew Station in Asmara, Ethiopia. After leaving the military, Dynan worked selling art on the streets of London, then returned to the US to attend Western Illinois University, where he received a B.A. in English and Political Science in 1973. His first art exhibit was held at the University Students Union in 1972. Inspired by commercial success, he went on to design stationery and cards for the University.After graduation, he spent more time painting and by 1978, launched Starbound Productions  a California greeting card company that featured his work. The widespread

masks:
Phil Dynan
Phil Dynan
Philip A
. Dynan


title: Phil Dynan

texts:
 distribution of his images gained him an international following. His work was published in Japan by The Graphic Factory, in France by the White Press, in the UK by Rainbow Bridge, and in the Netherlands by Verkerke Reprodukties*

He was originally represented by the Michael Himovitz Gallery in Carmichael, California. A series of nudes and flowers done for an exhibit at the Himovitz resulted in his work, "Martine", being selected for the 1984 Print Magazine Regional Design Annual. During the 1980s he began designing running art for major marathons. His first image was used by the California International Marathon in 1988. IMG (International Image Group) hired Dynan in 1993 to produce fine art images reproduced as serigraphs for their San Francisco Marathon.Dynan worked with IMG up til the end of the Century, when the San Francisco Marathon was sold to another company. During the 90's and currently, Dynan still produces Marathon art for races such as the Redding Marathon, the Russian River Marathon, the Whiskeytown (CA) Relay, and the Rocklin (CA) Run. His work is also licensed to various other groups and race events. Currently, Dynan paints from his studio in Northern California. His work is primarily plein-air painting with acrylics or oils. Personal life

<mask>n has two children, Sara and Joseph Dynan. He was formerly married to Ruthe Marie Thompson and Marcella Dixon.He is now married to Anastasia Nelson. Dynan is an avid runner specializing in marathons. He once started a transcontinental run from New York and ran 1000 miles before "personal business interrupted the journey". Artists books


title: Phil Dynan

texts:
 Enneagram Animals (1994 )
 Moto & Kozo Visit the Museum of Modern Art (1996 )
 Moto y Kozo Visitan el Museo de Arte Moderno (1996 )
 All You Need is Love (1996 )
 The Legend of Birdtoe (1997 )
 Phone Box Tarts Meet Lonely Hearts (2003 )

Novels
In 2006 <mask> wrote and published a novel entitled "Brother Eagle, Sister Moon"() about an Iraq family and an American helicopter pilot. The book, although fictionalized, was based on real life characters and at book signings the author was accompanied by the main character, who had just returned from Iraq. The US State Department became interested in the book, and extended a Fulbright Cultural Exchange Program invitation to the author. Dynan was to go to Baghdad in 2007, but the visit was cancelled because of security concerns in the Green Zone.Performance art

<mask> has written several plays and acted in the public performances. In 1987 he gave his first performance of "My Life as an Artist" at the Auburn Public Library He helped write and performed in a second play, "Betty Banal's Chat Room". The play was used to open an exhibit in Napa, California. Dynan wrote and acted in a play entitled "All Things Connected: My Last Thoughts on Earth" at Moxie's in Chico, California. The play was a tribute to the people who died in the July 7 London Terrorist Bombings. Dynan also ran for California State Assembly in 2006 as a piece of "performance art". A member of San Francisco "Butterfly Artists Collective", Dynan gave reports to the group as his "campaign" progressed.He won an elected office as "County Chair of the Peace and Freedom Party" and lost the general

masks:
Phil Dynan
Phil Dynan


title: Phil Dynan

texts:
 election for State Assembly. References

Marin Independent Journal,February 6, 2007, D-1 and D-3 "Authors Share views on responsibility for the cargnage"
The Best of Screen Printing Design, Walker and Blount, Rockport Publishers, Pg. 13, Pgs. 128-135
Placerville Mountain Democrat-Times, February 18, 1983, Page A-10, "The colorful world of rainbows, hearts and unicorns", by Joy Haessler
 Auburn Journal, April 3, 1987, Page B-1, "Southwest U.S. through the eyes of <mask>n"
 The Macomb Journal, May 24, 1990, Page 1B, "Artist at Work"
The Colchester Chronicle, May 23, 1990, Page 4
 Placer Herald, June 25, 1987, Page 12, "Dynan's art on display at Rocklin Library" by Amy Straton. Roseville Press-Tribune, March 19, 1988, Page 17, "Fragile Art born under pressure" by Yvonne McKinney
 Auburn Journal, December 29, 1987, Page A-3, "PHIL DYNAN: Successful Artist gives substance to essence of life" by Susan Rushton
Red Bluff Daily News, November 30, 2005, cover

External links
 Official website of <mask>'s art
 Official website for novel Brother Eagle, Sister Moon
 Review by Lorena Bowser of <mask>n plein air paintings
http://anewscafe.com/2010/02/05/international-working-artist-phil-dynan/
https://web.archive.org/web/20100129044139/http://internationalhousedavis.com/
https://web.archive.org/web/20110713182136/http://www.laketahoemarathon.com/artwork.html
http://www.phildynan.com/sfm-gg1.htm
http://www.phildynan.com/Tahoe1.htm
http://www.phildynan.com/world_cycling.htm

1948 births
American graphic designers
American printmakers
Living people
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
21st-century

masks:
Phil Dyna
Phil Dynan
Phil Dyna


title: Wei Zhongxian

texts:
<mask>n (1568 – December 12, 1627) was a Chinese court eunuch who lived in the late Ming dynasty. He is considered by most historians as the most powerful and notorious eunuch in Chinese history. He is best known for his service in the court of the Tianqi Emperor (r. 1620–1627), when his power eventually appeared to rival that of the emperor. Early life (1568–1585)
Little is known of <mask>'s pre-court life. <mask> was illiterate throughout his life, which may be an indication that he was born into a peasant or merchant class family. He is presumed to have been born in 1568 in Suning County (100 miles southeast of Beijing), to have married a girl with the surname of Fang and to have castrated himself at age 21 (Ming dynastic records claim that he did so in order to escape his gambling debts). Due to his infamy in Chinese culture over the past 400 years, other stories of his early life have appeared, many showing him as a ruffian and a compulsive gambler.Early court life (1585–1619)
Through a relative of his mother, <mask> was able to enter into service in the Forbidden City. As a eunuch in the Ming court, <mask> slowly gained the favor of various palace officials while working in various unofficial positions. In 1605, he was given the job of serving meals to Lady Wang and her infant son Zhu Youjiao, who would eventually become the Tianqi Emperor. While serving in this position, he grew close to Zhu Youjiao's wet nurse, Madame Ke. As Zhu Youjiao grew older, he became extremely attached to both Madame Ke and <mask>n, treating them as his de facto parents once his mother died in 1619. Political rise (1620–1624)
When the Wanli Emperor and his heir, the Taichang Emperor, both died in 1620, the palace bureaucracy was thrown

masks:
Wei Zhongxia
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei Zhongxia


title: Wei Zhongxian

texts:
 into a succession crisis. The death of the Taichang Emperor brought Madame Ke, <mask>n, and Zhu Youxiao under the supervision of Lady Li, the Taichang Emperor's favorite consort, whom Zhu Youxiao hated.Not wanting China to fall under the temporary rule of a regent (Zhu Youxiao was still 15, and underage) Donglin activist Yang Lian invaded the Forbidden City, captured Zhu Youxiao, and had him proclaimed emperor in his own right. With Lady Li essentially deposed, it became much easier for <mask> and Madame Ke to influence the imperial court's decisions. Soon after Zhu Youxiao was enthroned as the Tianqi Emperor, it became clear that he was much more interested in carpentry and building projects than in court matters; he often left such matters to <mask> and the Grand Secretaries. <mask>'s loyalty to the Tianqi Emperor paid quick dividends – by 1625, he had become the minister of the Eastern Depot, a force of over one thousand uniformed policemen headquartered in the Forbidden City. As the Tianqi Emperor's de facto father and protector, <mask> eventually became responsible for delivering imperial edicts, and any order from the palace was issued in the name of the emperor as well as <mask>, the "Depot Minister". Fourteen of <mask>'s relatives were either ennobled or received hereditary military positions; some were even appointed to high official positions. As fear of <mask>'s power became more and more prevalent in China, many local officials commissioned the building of temples to his honor, much to the chagrin of Confucian scholars.Donglin incidents (1624–1627)
After the Wanli Emperor's (1563–1620) long and underwhelming reign, the Donglin faction of activist scholars had hoped that the Taichang and Tianqi emperors would

masks:
Wei Zhongxia
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei


title: Wei Zhongxian

texts: prove to be "Confucian gentlemen". When the Tianqi Emperor proved just as indifferent to his imperial responsibilities as his grandfather was and an illiterate eunuch seemed to be the most powerful figure in the Forbidden City, the Donglin scholars decided that their intervention was sorely needed. Donglin sympathizer and Ming censor Zhou Zongjian impeached <mask>n in July 1622, imploring the emperor to remove him from the palace. In 1624, Yang Lian wrote a memorial to Tianqi condemning <mask> of "24 crimes", some of them fabricated. Both attempts were unsuccessful, and turned <mask> against the Donglin party. As head of the Eastern Depot, <mask>'s power to arrest and convict dissidents was technically confined to peasants and merchants. Arrests and interrogations of officials had to be done through the Embroidered Uniform Guard, who were under command of prison director Xu Xianchun.However, <mask>'s true power came through his commission to deliver the emperor's edicts, as well as his close relationship with the emperor. Xu was the one who rounded up six of the Donglin party's leaders in 1625 (including <mask>'s detractor Yang Lian), whom he had accused of squandering public money through their bureaucracy positions. After lengthy interrogations and torture, all six died, apparently without imperial edict. Seven other Donglin scholars, Zhou Zongjian among them, were rounded up and killed in 1626. Over the two-year period of 1625–26, hundreds of other presumed Donglin sympathizers were demoted or purged from the government. Although <mask>'s exact involvement in these arrests and killings is not known, his overall control of the palace and the emperor's powers of edict ensure his involvement in some degree. Fall from

masks:
Wei Zhongxia
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei
Wei


title: Wei Zhongxian

texts:
 power and suicide (late 1627)
The Tianqi Emperor died in 1627, and although many expected <mask> to attempt to seize the throne, no such coup happened.According to Li Sunzhi (a Donglin sympathizer), <mask> had previously attempted to convince Empress Zhang to adopt his nephew, <mask>, in order to continue his manipulation of the throne. However, the empress refused. Because none of the Tianqi Emperor's three sons lived to adulthood, the emperor conferred the right to rule to his younger brother, Zhu Youjian, who became the Chongzhen Emperor on 2 October 1627. Although the Chongzhen Emperor was intent on ruling without any decision-making surrogates, he did not immediately dismiss <mask>. When <mask> offered to resign just six days after the Chongzhen Emperor's reign began, the emperor refused. A month later, <mask> decreed that no more temples should be built in his honor. In the months afterwards, multiple complaints about and calls for <mask>'s impeachment came before the emperor.After ignoring the first few, the Chongzhen Emperor finally called for evidence of <mask>'s faults from officials. In response to this, "more than one hundred" officials sent memorials denouncing <mask>. On December 8, the Chongzhen Emperor issued an edict listing <mask>'s crimes, and exiled him south to Fengyang (in present-day Anhui). As <mask> traveled to Fengyang, one of the Chongzhen Emperor's commissioners warned the emperor that <mask> might work with other demoted officials of the deceased Tianqi Emperor to stage a rebellion. Acting on the warning, the Chongzhen Emperor ordered the Embroidered-Uniform Guard to arrest <mask> and bring him back to Beijing. On December 13, informants found <mask> and told him of the edict. That night, he

masks:
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Wei
Wei Liangqing
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title: Wei Zhongxian

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 and his entourage stopped at an inn 150 miles south of Beijing.<mask> and his secretary proceeded to hang themselves from the rafters with their own belts. After discovering <mask>'s death, the rest of his entourage managed to escape the area before the guards came. The Chongzhen Emperor's retribution to <mask> and his political allies was swift and severe. In early 1628, <mask>'s corpse was dismembered and displayed in his native village as a warning to the public. By 1629, 161 of <mask>'s associates had been punished by the Chongzhen Emperor; of those, 24 were sentenced to execution. Madam Ke was beaten to death by an interrogator just 11 days after <mask>'s death. Legacy and dramatizations
Since his death, <mask> has been seen by Chinese people and scholars as the instigator of the Tianqi era's collective atrocities.According to historical Chinese scholars, <mask>'s faults lay not necessarily in his persecution of the Donglin party, but in wielding power that was only supposed to be used by emperors themselves. Stories and dramatizations of this persecution were written just months after his death, and gained a large public audience. In 2009, a 42-hour primetime television series dramatizing <mask>n and Madam Ke's power during the reign of the Tianqi Emperor was shown on Chinese television. The series also portrayed the <mask>n and the Tianqi Emperor in a negative light. See also
 Temple of Azure Clouds in modern Beijing: largely expanded by <mask>, who intended to use it as his burial grounds. Mao Wenlong, a general promoted by Wei

References

Works cited

Ming dynasty eunuchs
Chinese politicians who committed suicide
Suicides by hanging in China
1568 births
1627 deaths
Politicians from Cangzhou
Ming dynasty

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title: John Horwood

texts:
<mask> (1803 – 13 April 1821) was a miner's son convicted of murder in Bristol, England, and executed in 1821. He was the first person to be hanged at Bristol New Gaol. Life
<mask> was born in Hanham, the fifth son of Thomas and <mask>, one of six boys and four girls in the family. Raised in a mining community before the Mines Act introduced a minimum age of ten for children working in mines, <mask> worked in local pits as a child. He refused to continue working in the mines after a series of accidents, including the death of one of his brothers along with three other workers. He subsequently worked with his father at a local spelter, most likely the Hanham Spelter Works, but was laid off due to his bad behavior, including mischief and vandalism, in 1819 when he was only 16. Around town, <mask> was most known as a mischievous and destructive boy, who harassed and pulled pranks on his neighbors.He subsequently came to notoriety following the death of a local girl, Eliza Balsom. <mask> was accused of throwing a stone which hit her head, leading to her death. He stood trial and was found guilty of murder for this act, and was hanged at Bristol New Gaol on 13 April 1821, just 3 days after his 18th birthday. Various papers on the circumstances, Eliza's illness, the case against <mask> and medical matters were collected together and bound by Dr Richard Smith, who had treated Eliza at the  Bristol Royal Infirmary and acquired <mask>'s body for dissection and public presentation at the Infirmary. These papers are held in a single volume, the Horwood Book in the Bristol Archives. A subsequent review of the papers and examination of Eliza's skull was published in the British Medical Journal (BMJ) in 1896,

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Phoebe Horwood
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title: John Horwood

texts:
 raising questions about medical procedures and the validity of the trial for murder. More recent historical research has been conducted by a distant relative of <mask>, also questioning the legitimacy of the charge of murder.Death of Eliza Balsom (Balsum/Balsam) and aftermath
<mask> and Eliza Balsom were of similar age and grew up in a small community, and almost certainly knew each other since infancy. <mask> stated this when asked how long he had known Eliza during questioning before his trial. They were briefly involved in a relationship but Eliza ended this in 1820, much to <mask>'s regret. Papers in the Horwood Book suggest that <mask> remained infatuated and continued to seek Eliza, turning to harassment and greater violence when he was spurned. "It appears that <mask> for some time past, teased the girl with proposals, which she had uniformly and indignantly refused: and having lattlerly endeavoured to intimidate her with his threats, she became alarmed at his conduct, and took every means of avoiding him.”

This newspaper report included in The Horwood Book goes on to document multiple attacks on Miss Balsom by Horwood through 1820 and 1821 including throwing oil of vitriol at her, although this is disputed in subsequent research. It was also suggested by the prosecution at the time that <mask> was associated with the "Cock Road Gang", notorious for being violent troublemakers. On a date around the 25 January 1821, he saw Eliza Balsom with another boy (William Waddy) and threw a stone which struck her on the temple.The stone appears to have caused only a minor injury initially, but she was treated at the Bristol Royal Infirmary. The exact date of the incident was disputed by various

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title: John Horwood

texts:
 retained for medical dissection. The cost of the binding was £1.10 shillings, which is worth approximately £130 in the 21st century. This book is held in the collections of Bristol Archives (Ref. 35893/36/v_i) (online catalogue) and is currently on display at M Shed museum in Bristol, alongside a contemporary dissection table, donated by Dr Richard Smith junior, which was used for surgical operations until 1890 when it was removed and re-used as a sideboard until 1999. The skin on the front cover of the book is embossed with a gallows motif and skulls and crossbones, with the Latin words Cutis Vera Johannis Horwood which translates to 'The True Skin of <mask>'. The practice of anthropodermic bibliopegy is known to have been practised since the 17th century, and it was common to use a murderer's skin in this manner during the 18th and 19th centuries.Smith kept the skeleton at his home until his death, when it was passed to the Bristol Royal Infirmary and later to Bristol University. The skeleton was kept hanging in a cupboard at Bristol University with a noose around its neck as an indication that the skeleton belonged to a convicted felon. 21st century funeral

Horwood's skeleton was eventually buried alongside his father on 13 April 2011 at 1.30 pm at Christchurch, Hanham, exactly 190 years to the hour after he was hanged. The funeral was arranged by Mary Halliwell, the great-great-great-granddaughter of Horwood's brother. The coffin was draped in velvet and carried on a wheeled bier in the manner of elegant funerals of the period of his death. References

People from Bristol
Crime in Bristol
People executed for murder
English people convicted of murder
1821 in England
1821 deaths
19th century in


title: Marie Bonaparte

texts:
Princess <mask> (2 July 1882 – 21 September 1962), known as Princess George of Greece and Denmark upon her marriage, was a French author and psychoanalyst, closely linked with Sigmund Freud. Her wealth contributed to the popularity of psychoanalysis, and enabled Freud's escape from Nazi Germany. <mask> was a great-grandniece of Emperor Napoleon I of France. She was the only child of <mask>, 6th Prince of Canino and Musignano (1858–1924) and <mask> (1859–1882). Her paternal grandfather was Prince <mask>, son of <mask>, 1st Prince of Canino and Musignano, Napoleon's rebellious younger brother. For this reason, despite her title <mask> was not a member of the dynastic branch of the <mask>s who claimed the French imperial throne from exile. Her maternal grandfather was François Blanc, the principal real-estate developer of Monte Carlo.It was from this side of her family that <mask> inherited her great fortune. Early life

She was born at Saint-Cloud, a town in Hauts-de-Seine, Île-de-France and called Mimi within the family. Her maternal grandfather, François Blanc, had left an estimated fortune of FF 88M when he died in 1877. However, his widow, born <mask>, left mostly debts for her three children, including <mask>'s mother <mask>-Félix, to pay off upon her death in July 1881. Prince Roland protected his wife's fortune by persuading her to renounce that of her late mother before the amount of her debts became known. <mask> died of an embolism shortly after <mask>'s birth, leaving half of her FF 8.4M dowry to her husband and half to her daughter. Most was managed in trust during <mask>'s youth by her father, who had few financial resources of his own.<mask> lived with her

masks:
Marie Bonaparte
Marie Bonaparte
Roland Napoléon Bonaparte
Marie Félix Blanc
Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte
Lucien Bonaparte
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title: Marie Bonaparte

texts:
 father, a published geographer and botanist, in Paris and on various family country estates where he studied, wrote and lectured, leading an active life in Parisian academic circles and on expeditions abroad, while her daily life was supervised by tutors and servants. Afflicted by phobias and hypochondria as a youth, <mask> spent much of her time in seclusion, reading literature and writing the personal journals which reveal her inquisitive spirit and early commitment to the scientific method reflected in her father's scholarship. Married life

Several candidates for future husband presented themselves or were considered by Prince Roland for his daughter's hand, notably a distant cousin of the princely House of Murat, Prince Hermann of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach and Louis II, Prince of Monaco. Following a Parisian luncheon Prince Roland hosted for King George I of Greece in September 1906 during which the king agreed to the prospect of a marriage between their children, Prince George of Greece and Denmark, second of the king's five sons, was introduced to <mask> on 19 July 1907 at the <mask>s' home in Paris. He courted her for twenty-eight days, confiding that from 1883, George had lived not at his father's Greek court in Athens, but at Bernstorff Palace near Copenhagen with Prince Valdemar of Denmark, his father's youngest brother. The queen had taken the boy to Denmark to enlist him in the Danish royal navy and consigned him to the care of Valdemar, who was an admiral in the Danish fleet. Feeling abandoned by his father on this occasion, George described to his fiancée the profound attachment he developed for his uncle.He admitted that, contrary to what he knew were her

masks: Marie Marie Bonaparte


title: Marie Bonaparte

texts: hopes, he could not commit to living permanently in France since he was obligated to undertake royal duties in Greece or on its behalf if summoned to do so. Once his proposal of marriage was accepted, the bride's father was astonished when George waived any contractual clause guaranteeing an allowance or inheritance from <mask>; she would retain and manage her own fortune (a trust yielding 800,000 francs per annum, her father leaving 60 million francs on his death in 1924) and only their future children would receive legacies. On 21 November 1907 in Paris, <mask> and George were married in a civil ceremony, with a subsequent Greek Orthodox ceremony on 12 December 1907, at Athens. Thereafter she was known as Princess George of Greece and Denmark. By March 1908 <mask> was pregnant and, as agreed, the couple returned to France to take up residence. When George brought his bride to Denmark for the first visit with his uncle, Prince Valdemar's wife, <mask>'Orléans, was at pains to explain to <mask> the intimacy which united uncle and nephew, so deep that at the end of each of George's several yearly visits to Bernstorff he would weep, Valdemar would fall sick, and the women learned the patience not to intrude upon their husbands' private moments. During the first of these visits, <mask> and Valdemar found themselves engaging in the kind of passionate intimacies she had looked forward to with her husband who, however, only seemed to enjoy them vicariously, sitting or lying beside his wife and uncle.On a later visit, <mask> carried on a passionate flirtation with Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg, Valdemar's eldest son. In neither case does it appear that George objected, or felt

masks:
Marie
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title: Marie Bonaparte

texts: obliged to give the matter any attention. <mask> came to admire the forbearance and independence of Valdemar's wife under circumstances which caused her bewilderment and estrangement from her own husband. Although <mask> occasionally joined her husband in Greece or elsewhere for national holidays and dynastic ceremonies, their life together was spent mostly on her estates in the French countryside. For months at a time, George was in Athens or Copenhagen, while <mask> was in Paris, Vienna or traveling with the couple's children. That pattern allowed each to pursue activities in which the other had little interest. The couple had two children, Peter (1908–1980) and Eugénie (1910–1989).From 1913 to early 1916, <mask> carried on an intense flirtation with French prime minister Aristide Briand, but went no further because she did not want to share him with his mistress, the actress Berthe Cerny. Matters came to a head in April 1916, when Berthe Cerny broke off the relationship. The affair with Briand lasted  until May 1919. In 1915 Briand wrote to her that, having come to know and like Prince George, he felt guilty about their secret passion. George tried to persuade him that Greece, officially neutral during World War I but whose King was suspected of sympathy for the Central Powers, really hoped for an Allied victory: He may have influenced Briand to support the Allied expedition against the Bulgarians at Salonika. When the prince and princess returned in July 1915 to France following a visit to the ailing King Constantine I in Greece, her affair with Briand had become notorious and George expressed a restrained jealousy. By December 1916 the French fleet was shelling

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title: Marie Bonaparte

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 Athens and in Paris Briand was suspected, alternately, of having seduced <mask> in a futile attempt to bring Greece over to the Allied side, or of having been seduced by her to oust Constantine and set George upon the Greek throne.Sexual research
Despite what she described as sexual dysfunction, <mask> conducted affairs with Freud's disciple Rudolph Loewenstein as well as Aristide Briand, her husband's aide-de-camp Lembessiss, a prominent married French physician, and possibly others. Troubled by her difficulty in achieving sexual fulfillment, <mask> engaged in research. In 1924, she published her results under the pseudonym A. E. Narjani and presented her theory of frigidity in the medical journal Bruxelles-Médical, having measured the distance between the vagina and the clitoral glans in 200 women. After analyzing their sexual history she concluded that the distance between these two organs was critical for the ability to reach orgasm ("volupté") during vaginal intercourse. She identified women with a short distance (the "paraclitoridiennes") who reached orgasm easily during intercourse, and women with a distance of more than two and a half centimeters (the "téleclitoridiennes") who had difficulties while the "mesoclitoriennes" were in between. <mask> considered herself a "téleclitorienne" and approached Josef Halban to surgically move her clitoris closer to her vagina. She underwent and published the procedure as the Halban–Narjani operation.When it proved unsuccessful in facilitating the sought-after outcome for <mask>, the physician repeated the operation. She modeled for the Romanian modernist sculptor Constantin Brâncuși. His sculpture of her, "Princess X", created

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title: Marie Bonaparte

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 a scandal in 1919 when he represented her or caricatured her as a large gleaming bronze phallus. This phallus symbolizes the model's obsession with the penis and her lifelong quest to achieve vaginal orgasm. Freud
In 1925, <mask> consulted Freud for treatment of what she described as her frigidity, which was later explained as a failure to have orgasms during missionary position intercourse. It was to <mask> that Freud remarked, "The great question that has never been answered and which I have not yet been able to answer, despite my thirty years of research into the feminine soul, is 'What does a woman want?'". Although Prince George maintained friendly relations with Freud, in 1925 he asked <mask> to give up her work in psychoanalytical studies and treatment to devote herself to their family life, but she declined.Robed in the diplomatic immunity of a member of a reigning European royal family and possessed of great wealth, <mask> was often able to help those threatened or despoiled by World War II. When the Greek royal family were in exile or Greece was under occupation, she helped support her husband's banished relatives, including allowing the family of her husband's nephew, Prince Philip of Greece, to occupy one of her homes in Saint-Cloud and paying for their private schooling while sending her own children to public lycées. Later she paid Freud's ransom to Nazi Germany and bought the letters Freud had written to Wilhelm Fliess about his use of cocaine from Fliess's widow when he could not afford her price. Freud wished the letters destroyed, but <mask> refused, insisting that they were of historical importance. She agreed never to read them, however, and they were

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title: Marie Bonaparte

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 not published until 1984. She was also instrumental in delaying the search of Freud's apartment in Vienna by the Gestapo and later arranged for Freud to smuggle abroad some of his savings in a Greek diplomatic pouch. She persuaded Anton Sauerwald, a Nazi, to sign the papers enabling Freud to leave Vienna and also arranged for the transport to London of his books, collection of antiquities and analytic couch.In 1938, <mask> proposed that the United States purchase Baja California and turn it into a new Jewish state. Freud refused to take what he called her "colonial plans" seriously, but <mask> nonetheless authored letters to William Christian Bullitt Jr. and US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to advocate for the idea. Later life
On 2 June 1953, <mask> and her husband represented their nephew, King Paul of Greece, at the coronation of Elizabeth II in London. Bored with the pageantry, <mask> offered a sampling of the psychoanalytic method to the gentleman seated next to her, the future French president François Mitterrand. Mitterrand obliged <mask>, and the couple barely witnessed the pomp and ceremony, finding their own dialogue far more interesting. She practiced as a psychoanalyst until her death in 1962, providing substantial services to the development and promotion of psychoanalysis. She authored several books on psychoanalysis, translated Freud's work into French and founded the French Institute of Psychoanalysis (Société Psychoanalytique de Paris SPP) in 1926.In addition to her own work and preservation of Freud's legacy, she also offered financial support for Géza Róheim's anthropological explorations. A scholar on Edgar Allan Poe, she wrote a biography and an

masks: Bonaparte Bonaparte Marie Marie Marie


title: Marie Bonaparte

texts:
 interpretation of his work. <mask>'s translation of a sentence in Freud's thirty-first Vorlesungen, Wo Es war, soll Ich werden, has generated some controversy. Strachey translated it into English as "Where Id was, Ego shall be". Lacan, arguing that Freud used "das Es" and das Ich" when he intended the meaning to be "Id" and "Ego", suggested "Wo Es war, soll Ich werden" be translated "Where It was, there shall I come to be". <mask> translated it into French as le moi doit déloger le ça, meaning in English roughly "Ego must dislodge Id", which according to Lacan is directly contrary to Freud's intended meaning. Death
She died of leukemia in Saint-Tropez on 21 September 1962.She was cremated in Marseille, and her ashes were interred in Prince George's tomb at Tatoï, near Athens. Legacy
The story of her relationship with Sigmund Freud, including assisting his family's escape into exile, was made into a television film in 2004 as Princesse Marie, directed by Benoît Jacquot, starring Catherine Deneuve as Princess <mask> and Heinz Bennent as Freud. Honours

Dynastic
  Greek royal family:
 Dame Grand Cross of the Royal Order of Saints Olga and Sophia, 1st Class
 Dame Commander of the Royal Order of Beneficence
 Dame of the Royal Decoration of the Greek Royal House, 2nd Class
 Recipient of the Royal Red Cross Medal

Foreign
  House of Hohenzollern: Dame of the Imperial and Royal Decoration of the Cross of Merit
 : Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal

Ancestry

Works
"Le Printemps sur mon Jardin." Paris: Flammarion, 1924. "Topsy, chow-chow, au poil d'or." Paris: Denoel et steele, 1937. The Life and Works of Edgar Allan Poe:  A Psycho-Analytic Interpretation with

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title: Marie Bonaparte

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 a foreword by Sigmund Freud – 1934 (translated into English, 1937)
Topsy – 1940 – a love story about her dog
"La Mer et le Rivage."Paris: for the author, 1940. "Monologues Devant la Vie et la Mort." London: Imago Publishing Co., 1951. "De la Sexualite de la Femme." Paris: Press Universitaires de France, 1951. "Psychanalyse et Anthropologie." Paris: Press Universitaires de France, 1952."Chronos, Eros, Thanatos." London: Imago Publishing Co., 1952. "Psychanalyse et Biologique." Paris: Press Universitaires de France, 1952. Five Copy Books – 1952
Female Sexuality – 1953
"A La Mémoire Des Disparus" London: Chorley & Pickersgill Ltd., 1953

See also
 Princess X, the 1916 bronze sculpture by Brâncuși

References

Bibliography
 Bertin, Celia, <mask>: A Life, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1982. Loewenstein, Rudolf, Drives, Affects and Behavior: Essays in Honor of <mask>, 1952

External links

 Société Psychanalytique de Paris: Marie Bonaparte et la création de la SPP

1882 births
1962 deaths
People from Saint-Cloud
Marie <mask>, Princess
<mask>, Princess
<mask>, Princess
French psychoanalysts
Analysands of Sigmund <mask> <mask>, Princess
<mask>, Princess
<mask>, Princess
French sexologists
Analysands of René Laforgue
Edgar Allan Poe scholars
20th-century French women

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title: Michael Audain

texts:
<mask>,  (born July 31, 1937) is a Canadian home builder, philanthropist and art collector. He is the Chairman and major shareholder of the privately held Polygon Homes Ltd., one of the largest multi-family builders in British Columbia. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Bournemouth, England. His father was a retired British Army officer, while his mother had a career as a London dress model. <mask> attended numerous schools in the United Kingdom due to frequent moves by his split-up family during World War II. His first nursery school was named St. Georges, located on Castle Street in Farnham, Surrey, while his first boarding school was called Melbreck Preparatory School situated in the countryside outside Farnham. Later, he attended Eagle House  near Sandhurst in Berkshire.In Canada, <mask> attended Glenlyon School (now Glenlyon Norfolk School) and University School (now St. Michael's University School). Both are situated in Victoria, British Columbia. Later, he was sent to Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario. In terms of higher education, Audain attended the University of Lyon in France, where he acquired a Diploma in French Civilization in 1959. At the University of British Columbia he earned a Bachelor of Arts in 1962, a Bachelor of Social Work in 1963, and a Masters in Social Work in 1965. He later attended the London School of Economics and Political Science as a Ph.D. student but did not submit a thesis. In 1977, Audain obtained a Certificate in Farm Management and Rural Appraisal from the University of California, Davis.Career
In the early 1970s <mask> established a reputation for himself as one of Canada's leading housing policy experts. After moving from the position of Director of Community Relations at the Ontario Housing Corporation in Toronto (now Ontario Mortgage and Housing Corporation) in 1969,

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Michael James Audain
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title: Michael Audain

texts: he was appointed Housing Program Director at the Canadian Council on Social Development in Ottawa where he conducted a number of research studies on housing issues, most notably a national study on housing for the elderly, which was published as a book called Beyond Shelter. In Ottawa he also started and became editor of a quarterly publication called Housing and People. In late 1973, <mask> was called to the British Columbian government in Victoria by Premier David Barrett  and appointed Special Advisor to the Minister of Housing, with the task of setting up a housing ministry. During this period he initiated policies that resulted in a significant increase in social and cooperative housing throughout British Columbia. To aid the process, he negotiated the purchase of Dunhill Development Ltd. which became the Housing Corporation of British Columbia. After a term as chairman of the Provincial Commission on Mobile Homes, which published a well-received report, in 1976 <mask> established a company called Audain Planning Ltd. to undertake research and provide advice on housing policy across Canada.Later in 1994 he was appointed by Premier <mask> as co-chairman of the Commission of Affordable Housing Options, which held public hearings and whose report ultimately played a significant role in revising municipal government's attitudes to so-called "illegal suites" and a host of other housing related matters. From 1977 to 1979, <mask> taught as a sessional lecturer at the University of British Columbia's School of Urban and Regional Planning (now the School of Community and Regional Planning). In September 1980 <mask> was appointed Executive Vice President of Polygon Properties Limited, becoming a partner in the firm. Then in 1988 he was appointed President, and in 1992 Chairman of Polygon Homes Ltd. He has continued to serve as Chair of

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Michael Harcourt
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title: Michael Audain

texts:
 the Board since Neil Chrystal's appointment as President in 2003. Polygon Homes
The history of Polygon Homes started in 1980 when <mask> was invited by W.K. Paulus to become the Executive Vice President and a partner in a company that owned an interest in three rental apartment properties.Initially, Audain built residential communities for housing cooperatives and non-profit organizations, but in 1983 he started building townhomes and apartments for the market. The company expanded in 1988 when Paulus sold his interest to Laing Property Corporation. After Laing Property Corporation was taken over by P&O Limited, a British conglomerate, <mask> and his partner Rick Genest negotiated the acquisition of all the shares in the company in 1992, with Polygon becoming 100 percent British Columbia owned and managed. After Genest's death as a result of a highway accident in 2002, Neil Chrystal became a major shareholder in the company and assumed the title of President and CEO. Since 1980, Polygon Homes Ltd. and its affiliated single-family builder Morningstar Homes Ltd. have completed the construction of over 29,000 homes in Metro Vancouver. Visual Arts
<mask> has been a supporter of the visual arts in British Columbia and beyond. In 1992 he joined the Board of Trustees of the Vancouver Art Gallery and with a brief interregnum has been involved in the affairs of the Gallery until finishing his term as Chair of the Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation in 2014.He served as the Association's President/Chair from 1996 to 1998. In 2005, <mask> was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the National Gallery of Canada, and then as Chair from 2009 to 2012. In 2019 he was reappointed as a Director of the National Gallery of Canada Foundation. Audain Collection

Audain and his wife Yoshiko Karasawa amassed a significant art collection which is considered

masks: Audain Audain Audain Audain


title: Michael Audain

texts:
 among Canada's most outstanding. Particularly strong was a large group of Northwest Coast First Nations masks which had been brought back to the Northwest Coast from the United States and Europe, the acquisition and subsequent donation of a Potlach Figure to the U'Mista Cultural Centre in 2008; a major collection of Emily Carr's works, Canada's most important collection of Mexican modernist works, and one of the leading collections of Quebec artist Jean-Paul Riopelle. The collection was in part exhibited at the Vancouver Art Gallery in late 2012 and early 2013. Nearly 140 works from this collection were installed at the Audain Art Museum in preparation for its opening in March 2016, and have now been donated to form the basis of the Museum's permanent collection.Audain has also commissioned works from a number of British Columbia artists (personally or through Polygon) to allow them to develop their talents, including: James Hart, Robert Davidson,  Xwalacktun (Rick Harry), Susan Point, Paul Wong, Marianne Nicolson, and Jay Simeon to name a few. Audain Art Museum
In September 2012, <mask> was invited to Whistler, British Columbia to discuss establishing a museum for his family collection. Less than a year after his visit, the 56,000 square foot Audain Art Museum building designed by Patkau Architects commenced construction on land donated by the Resort Municipality of Whistler for a 199-year lease. Adjacent to Whistler Village, the Museum officially opened to the public on March 12, 2016 and houses a portion of the Audain Collection, a gallery dedicated to 15 works by E. J. Hughes, as well as offers spaces for special exhibitions. It is the only museum in Canada with a permanent collection that exclusively represents the artists of its home province. The Museum published a book by Ian M. Thom titled Masterworks from the Audain Art


title: Michael Audain

texts:
 Museum, Whistler. The Audain Art Museum Foundation was subsequently created to raise an endowment fund of $25 million (now increased to $50 million) to support the operations of the Audain Art Museum.This registered not-for-profit charitable corporation is governed by a Board of Directors chaired by <mask>. By mid-2020, over $27 million had been donated to the endowment by persons and companies called the Museum's "Founders". Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation
Passionate about the legacy of Quebec artist Jean Paul Riopelle (1923-2002), <mask> announced on October 3, 2019 the creation of the Jean Paul Riopelle Foundation. Serving as Chairman, <mask> is joined on the board by Riopelle’s eldest daughter, business executives, art historians, and collectors dedicated to celebrating the contribution of the artist to international art history. The Foundation will also serve as a center of scholarship in the documentation, publication and discourse on the oeuvre of Jean Paul Riopelle. The Foundation is managed by Montreal-based Executive Director Manon Gauthier. October 7, 2023 will mark the centenary of Riopelle’s birth and the Foundation is planning to provide a multitude of opportunities to acknowledge his contribution to the visual arts.Philanthropy

Audain Foundation
Audain chairs the Board of the Audain Foundation, which was established in 1997 to support the visual arts in British Columbia with grants and endowments for capital projects and exhibitions at major public art galleries and educational institutions. More recently, the Foundation managed by Executive Director Chantal Shah, has expanded its scope to include wildlife interests, including start-up funding for the new Grizzly Bear Foundation. In 2004, the annual Audain Prize for the Visual Arts was established to recognize the outstanding achievements of British Columbia's senior

masks:
Audain
Michael Audain
Audain