title: Mari K. Eder

texts:
<mask><mask> is a retired major general of the United States Army. She served as the Deputy Chief of the United States Army Reserve and Deputy Chief of United States Army Public Affairs, prior to be appointed Commanding General of the United States Army Reserve Joint and Special Troops Support Command (redesignated as the 76th Operational Reserve Command in 2013) in October 2009. She retired from the army in 2013. Early life and education
A native of Grove City, Pennsylvania, <mask> graduated from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania with a Bachelor of Arts in English in 1975 and a Master of Arts in English in 1976. <mask> entered the United States Army in 1977, and, after receiving her commission as a second lieutenant in the Signal Corps, she served at Fort McClellan, Alabama and then Fort George G. Meade, Maryland until leaving active duty in September 1982 and transitioning to the Army Reserve. Eder's military education includes the Signal Officer Basic Course, the Military Police and Military Intelligence Officer Advanced Courses, the Public Affairs Officer Course, the Command and General Staff College, and the Army War College. She holds bachelor's and master's degrees in English from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania and a master's degree of strategic studies from the United States Army War College.She is also a graduate of Senior Executive and leadership programs at the National Defense University and the Army War College. She is also a graduate of the advanced program in mass communications at the University of South Carolina and completed the Training with Industry Fellowship with Fleishman-Hilliard Public Relations in Washington, DC. She is an experienced speaker and guest lecturer and has served as an adjunct professor at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, the NATO School, and Sweden's International Security Command. Eder received a Doctor of Humane Letters (honors causa) from Edinboro University of Pennsylvania on December 14, 2013. Career

Eder served over 36 years in the army, inclusive of both Active and Army Reserve service. Eder commanded at the company, battalion, brigade

masks:
Mari K
. Eder
Eder
Eder


title: Mari K. Eder

type: original

texts:
 and division level. Her previous assignments include the United States Army's Deputy Chief of Public Affairs, commander of the 6th Brigade (Professional Development), 80th Division (Institutional Training) while concurrently serving on active duty as the Chief of Staff with the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) in the Office of the Secretary of Defense.Eder had additional joint experience, serving with the United States European Command in Stuttgart, Germany where she was assigned as the Deputy Director of Public Affairs. There she directed theater media relations during NATO operations in Kosovo and at the inception of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan. Eder consults, advises, and speaks frequently at colleges and universities on national security issues, communications (including cyber and AI), ethics, and leadership. She has spoken on "The Information Apocalypse" to audiences ranging from the Atlanta Council on International Relations to the World Affairs Council Ambassador's Roundtable in Connecticut, and at George Mason University's Character Assassination and Populism conference in Arlington, Virginia. Eder has an established record of scholarship, research, and publishing. Her book, Leading the Narrative: The Case for Strategic Communication, is used in a number of university communications courses. She is the author of numerous case studies and articles on military ethics, leadership, and strategic communications as well as two books of children's stories.<mask> was named an Honorary Member of the United States Army Judge Advocate General Corps in 2011, an accolade only accorded to two other individuals previously. She was named to the Communications Hall of Fame at Edinboro University of PA in 2013 and inducted into the Army Public Affairs Hall of Fame in 2017 and became the fourth recipient of the Joe Galloway Lifetime Achievement Award. Now in her second term as Trustee with the United States Army War College Foundation, she was elected to the Executive Committee in March, 2017 and serves as Board Secretary. Personal life
As a civilian, <mask> served as the Director of Public Affairs at the

masks: Eder Eder


title: John Atkinson Grimshaw

texts:
<mask> (6 September 1836 – 13 October 1893) was an English Victorian-era artist best known for his nocturnal scenes of urban landscapes. Today, he is considered one of the great painters of the Victorian era, as well as one of the best and most accomplished nightscape and townscape artists of all time. He was called a "remarkable and imaginative painter" by the critic and historian Christopher Wood in Victorian Painting (1999). <mask>'s love for realism stemmed from a passion for photography, which would eventually lend itself to the creative process. Though entirely self-taught, he is known to have used a camera obscura or lenses to project scenes onto canvas, which made up for his shortcomings as a draughtsman and his imperfect knowledge of perspective. This technique, allegedly also used by Caravaggio, as well as Vermeer, was condemned by a number of his contemporaries who believed it demonstrated less skill than painting by eye, with some claiming that his paintings appeared to "show no marks of handling or brushwork", while others "were doubtful whether they could be accepted as paintings at all". However, many recognised his mastery of colour, lighting and shadow, as well as his unique ability to provoke strong emotional responses in the viewer.James McNeill Whistler, who <mask> worked with in his Chelsea studios, stated, "I considered myself the inventor of nocturnes until I saw Grimmy's moonlit pictures." His early paintings were signed "JAG", "J. A. <mask>", or "<mask> Grimshaw", though he finally settled on "<mask>". Life

He was born on 6 September 1836 in a back-to-back in Park Street, Leeds to Mary and <mask>. In 1856 he married his cousin Frances Hubbard (1835–1917). In 1861, at the age of 24, to the dismay of his parents, he left his job as a clerk for the Great Northern Railway to become a painter. He first exhibited in 1862, mostly paintings of birds, fruit, and blossom, under the patronage of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society.He and his wife moved in 1866

masks:
John Atkinson Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
John Atkinson
Atkinson Grimshaw
David Grimshaw


title: John Atkinson Grimshaw

texts:
 to a semi-detached villa, which is now numbered 56 Cliff Road in Headingley and has a Leeds Civic Trust blue plaque, and in 1870 to Knostrop Old Hall. Grid Reference: SE 32125 32100. He became successful in the 1870s and rented a second home, Castle-by-the-Sea in Scarborough, Scarborough became a favourite subject. He died on 13 October 1893 of tuberculosis and is buried in Woodhouse Cemetery, now called St George's Fields, in Leeds. Four of his children, Arthur E<mask> (1864–1913), Louis H<mask> (1870–1944), Wilfred <mask> (1871–1937), and <mask> (1877–1970) also became painters. Work

<mask>'s primary influence was the Pre-Raphaelites. True to the Pre-Raphaelite style, he created landscapes of accurate colour and lighting, vivid detail and realism, often typifying seasons or a type of weather.Moonlit views of city and suburban streets and of the docks in London, Hull, Liverpool, and Glasgow also figured largely in his art. His careful painting and his skill in lighting effects meant that he captured both the appearance and the mood of a scene in minute detail. His "paintings of dampened gas-lit streets and misty waterfronts conveyed an eerie warmth as well as alienation in the urban scene." Dulce Domum (1855), on whose reverse <mask> wrote, "mostly painted under great difficulties", captures the music portrayed in the piano-player, entices the eye to meander through the richly decorated room, and to consider the still and silent young lady who is listening. <mask> painted more interior scenes, especially in the 1870s, when he worked under the influence of James Tissot and the Aesthetic Movement. On Hampstead Hill is considered one of <mask>'s finest works, exemplifying his skill with a variety of light sources, in capturing the mood of the passing of twilight into night. In his later career his urban scenes under twilight or yellow streetlighting were popular with his middle-class patrons.His later work included imagined scenes from the Greek and Roman empires, and he painted

masks:
. Grimshaw
. Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Elaine Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw


title: John Atkinson Grimshaw

texts:
 literary subjects from Longfellow and Tennyson — pictures including Elaine and The Lady of Shalott. <mask> named his children after characters in Tennyson's poems. In the 1880s, <mask> maintained a London studio in Chelsea, not far from the studio of James Abbott McNeill Whistler. After visiting <mask>, Whistler remarked that "I considered myself the inventor of Nocturnes until I saw Grimmy's moonlit pictures." Unlike Whistler's Impressionistic night scenes, <mask> worked in a realistic vein: "sharply focused, almost photographic", his pictures innovated in applying the tradition of rural moonlight images to the Victorian city, recording "the rain and mist, the puddles and smoky fog of late Victorian industrial England with great poetry." <mask>'s paintings depicted the contemporary world but eschewed the dirty and depressing aspects of industrial towns. Shipping on the Clyde, a depiction of Glasgow's Victorian docks, is a lyrically beautiful evocation of the industrial era.<mask> transcribed the fog and mist so accurately as to capture the chill in the damp air, and the moisture penetrating the heavy clothes of the few figures awake in the misty early morning. Reputation and legacy
<mask> left behind no letters, journals, or papers. His reputation rested on, and his legacy is based on, his townscapes. There was a revival of interest in <mask>'s work in the second half of the 20th century, with several important exhibitions devoted to it. A retrospective exhibition "<mask> – Painter of Moonlight" ran from 16 April – 4 September 2011 at Mercer Art Gallery in Harrogate and subsequently in the Guildhall Art Gallery, London. Gallery

References

Further reading
Alexander Robertson, <mask>, London, Phaidon Press, 1996
Yorkshire Art Journal <mask> <mask>, York, 2014 - Historical Feature

External links

Artcyclopedia.com

19th-century English painters
English male painters
Fantasy artists
1836 births
1893 deaths
Artists from Leeds
People from Scarborough, North Yorkshire
People from

masks:
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Grimshaw
Atkinson Grimshaw
Atkinson Grimshaw
John Atkinson
Grimshaw


title: Hans Clevers

texts:
Johannes Carolus (<mask><mask> (born 27 March 1957) is Principal Investigator at the Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research (KNAW) and the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Professor at Utrecht University and Oncode Investigator. Clevers was the first to identify living stem cells in the intestine and is one of the world's leading researchers on adult stem cells, their role in cancer and their potential for regenerative therapy. He will be appointed the head of Roche Pharma Research and Early Development in March 2022. By culturing living stem cells from the intestinal tract, he developed the first organoids: 3D-mini-organs that behave cellularly and molecularly like the organ the stem cell derived from. Organoids can now be grown from a large number of tissues and are increasingly being used to study the physiology and pathology of many human organs and to develop personalized treatments and new drugs. Early life and education
<mask> began studying biology at the University of Utrecht in 1975, then began studying medicine as well. He spent part of his seven years of biological study in Nairobi, Kenya, and also, in his words, “did some rotations” at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda.He received an M.Sc. in Biology in 1982, an M.D. in 1984 and a Ph.D. in 1985. For his Ph.D. he studied under Rudy Ballieux. From 1986 to 1989 he did postdoctoral work under the direction of Cox Terhorst at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard University. After his stay at Harvard, he returned to the Netherlands to start his own research group at the department of Clinical immunology of the UMC Utrecht. Describing his path to his career as a medical researcher, Clevers said the following: “There was

masks:
Hans
) Clevers
Hans Clevers


title: Hans Clevers

texts:
 a bit of an awkward route.I actually studied biology first, and then took up medical school at about the same time....Did two separate studies, graduated from both, was going to be a pediatrician, then decided to spend a year in science, liked it so much more that I realized I didn’t – I shouldn’t become a real doctor. I was not good with – I liked patients, but I was a little bit impatient with them. I then decided to go for a post-doc at Boston to Dana Farber, where I really learned the trade.”

Career
In 1991 Clevers became a professor of immunology at the University Medical Center in Utrecht. Since 2002 he has been a professor of molecular genetics at UMC Utrecht and Utrecht University. From 2002 to 2012 he was director of the Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem-Cell Research at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2008 and 2015 he received ERC Advanced Investigator Grants. In 2013 he was awarded the $3 million Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for his work.In March 2012, <mask>, who since 2000 had been a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, was elected its president, succeeding Robbert Dijkgraaf. In connection with his election to this position, he resigned as director from the Hubrecht Institute but kept his research lab there. From 2012–2015 he was President of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). From 2015–2019 he was director Research of the Princess Maxima Center for paediatric oncology, located on the Utrecht Science Park close to the Hubrecht where he maintains his lab. Presently, <mask> leads research groups, at the Hubrecht Institute as well as at the Princess Maxima Center. Research

Highlights of research
To summarise his scientific

masks: Clevers Clevers


title: Hans Clevers

texts: highlights, <mask> identified the crucial downstream component of the Wnt signaling cascade, TCF, and the mechanism by which Wnt signals activate specific TCF target genes. With these insights and in a collaboration with Bert Vogelstein, he proposed that in APC-deficient colon cancer, it is the inappropriate activation of the Wnt pathway that transforms cells.He was the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when he showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypt stem cell compartments of the gut. He went on to show that the Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological crypt stem cell program. Clevers then described the Wnt target Lgr5 as a marker for adult stem cells and wth this, discovered the stem cells of intestinal crypts. By the creation of several ingenious Lgr5-based transgenic mice, he established the intestinal crypt as one of the pre-eminent models to visualize and study adult stem cells in mammals. He described several counter-intuitive characteristics for crypt stem cells: Lgr5 stem cells are abundant, they cycle rapidly, they divide symmetrically, and utilize their Paneth cell-daughters as their niche. He then identified the Wnt signal-enhancing Rspondins as ligands of Lgr5, and exploited the Rspondin/Lgr5 axis to develop a 3D organoid culture system for indefinite expansion of normal intestinal epithelium starting from a single adult Lgr5 stem cell. Similar results were then reported by him for multiple additional human and mouse tissues.This has opened ways to replace animal experimentation, to generate disease models directly from patients as well as avenues for regenerative medicine. Asked in a 2008 interview what had


title: Nicol Williamson

texts:
<mask> (14 September 1936 – 16 December 2011) was a British actor, once described by playwright John Osborne as "the greatest actor since Marlon Brando". He was also described by Samuel Beckett as "touched by genius" and viewed by many critics as "the Hamlet of his generation" during the late 1960s. Early life
<mask> was born on 14 September 1936 (he would later claim 1938 in Who's Who) in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, Scotland, the son of a factory owner. When he was 18 months old, his family moved to Birmingham, England. <mask> was sent back to Hamilton to live with his grandparents during World War II due to Birmingham's susceptibility to bombing, but returned when the war ended, and was educated at the Central Grammar School for Boys, Birmingham. He left school at 16 to begin work in his father's factory and later attended the Birmingham School of Speech & Drama. He recalled his time there as "a disaster" and claimed "it was nothing more than a finishing school for the daughters of local businessmen".Career

Stage and screen
After his national service as a gunner in the Airborne Division, <mask> made his professional debut with the Dundee Repertory Theatre in 1960 and the following year appeared with the Arts Theatre in Cambridge. In 1962 he made his London debut as Flute in Tony Richardson's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream at the Royal Court Theatre. His first major success came in 1964 with John Osborne's Inadmissible Evidence, for which he was nominated for a Tony Award when it transferred to Broadway the following year. In spring 1981, he and original director Anthony Page revived the play for a six-week engagement at the Roundabout Theatre (23rd

masks:
Thomas Nicol Williamson
Thomas Nicol Williamson
Williamson
Williamson


title: Nicol Williamson

texts: Street) in New York, fifteen years after the original Broadway run. The same year, he appeared as Vladimir in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot at the Royal Court. He starred in the film version in 1968. <mask>'s Hamlet for Tony Richardson at the Roundhouse caused a sensation; it was later transferred to New York and made into a film, with a cast including Anthony Hopkins and Marianne Faithfull.Faithfull later stated in her autobiography Faithfull that she and <mask> had an affair while filming Hamlet. His most celebrated film role was as Merlin the magician in the King Arthur epic Excalibur in 1981. Director John Boorman cast him opposite Helen Mirren as Morgana over the protests of both actors; the two had previously appeared together on stage in Macbeth, with disastrous results, and they disliked each other intensely. It was Boorman's hope that the very real animosity that they had towards each other would generate more tension between them on screen. <mask> gained recognition from a much wider fanbase for his performance as Merlin. A review of Excalibur in The Times in 1981 states: "The actors are led by <mask>'s witty, perceptive Merlin, missed every time he's off the screen." According to Mirren, she and <mask>, free from the problems with Macbeth, "wound up becoming very good friends" during Excalibur.Some of his other notable cinematic performances include as a troubled Irish soldier in the 1968 Jack Gold film The Bofors Gun; in 1975 as an intelligence officer in apartheid South Africa in The Wilby Conspiracy (starring Sidney Poitier and Michael Caine); as Sherlock Holmes in the 1976 Herbert Ross film The Seven-Per-Cent Solution; and as Little John in

masks: Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson


title: Nicol Williamson

texts: the 1976 Richard Lester film Robin and Marian. Additionally, he portrayed an MI6 bureaucrat in The Human Factor (1979) (adapted from a novel by Graham Greene), an alcoholic attorney in I'm Dancing as Fast as I Can (1982); a colonel in the Cincinnati Gestapo in the Neil Simon comedy The Cheap Detective; Lord Louis Mountbatten in Lord Mountbatten - The Last Viceroy (1985); the dual roles of Dr. Worley/The Nome King in Return To Oz (1985); Father Morning in The Exorcist III (1990); Badger in the 1996 movie adaptation of Kenneth Grahame's Wind in the Willows; and as Cogliostro in the 1997 movie adaptation of Todd McFarlane's comic book Spawn. <mask> made a major contribution to the documentary John Osborne and the Gift of Friendship, recalling episodes from his long professional relationship with Osborne. Recorded excerpts of his award-winning stage performance in Inadmissible Evidence also feature in the video. <mask> was known for throwing onset tantrums and onstage antics. During the Philadelphia tryout of Inadmissible Evidence, a play in which he delivered a performance that would win him a Tony Award nomination in 1965, he punched the equally mercurial producer David Merrick. In 1968, he apologised to the audience for his performance one night while playing Hamlet and then walked off the stage, announcing he was retiring.In the early 1970s, <mask> left The Dick Cavett Show prior to a scheduled appearance, leaving the host and guest Nora Ephron to fill the remaining time. In 1976, he slapped actor Jim Litten during the curtain call for the Broadway musical Rex. In 1991, he hit co-star Evan Handler on the backside with a sword during a Broadway performance of I

masks: Williamson Williamson Williamson


title: Nicol Williamson

texts:
 Hate Hamlet. Other work
Following a late-night chat show appearance in which he showcased his singing talents, <mask> released an album of songs in 1971 on the CBS label (S 64045). The album contained songs such as "Didn't We", "It's Impossible" and "Help Me Make It Through the Night". In 1974, <mask> recorded an abridged reading of The Hobbit for Argo Records, authorisation for the abridgement having been provided by J.R.R. Tolkien's publisher.The recording was produced by Harley Usill. According to his official website, <mask> re-edited the original script himself, removing many occurrences of "he said", "she said", and so on, as he felt that an over-reliance on descriptive narrative would not give the desired effect; he performed each character in a distinctive voice. In 1978, he portrayed a murderous behaviour expert in the Columbo episode "How To Dial A Murder". Personal life
In 1971, <mask> married actress Jill Townsend, who had played his daughter in the Broadway production of Inadmissible Evidence. They had a son, Luke, but divorced in 1977. Despite concerns over his health in the 1970s, <mask> admitted drinking heavily and claimed to smoke 80 cigarettes a day. In an episode of The David Frost Show in the 1960s, during a discussion about death, which also involved poet John Betjeman, <mask> revealed that he was very much afraid of dying, saying that "I think of death constantly, throughout the day" and that "I don't think there is anything after this, except complete oblivion."Death
<mask> died on 16 December 2011, aged 75, two years after being diagnosed with esophageal cancer. In accord with <mask>'s wish the news of his death was released a month

masks: Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson Williamson


title: Nicol Williamson

texts:
 later, as he did not want a fuss made over his death. Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

Awards
<mask> <mask> was nominated for three BAFTA Awards, a Saturn Award, two Tony Awards, and won the Silver Shell for the Best Actor from the San Sebastián International Film Festival in 1969 for his performance in Laughter in the Dark. BAFTA Awards

|-
| 1969
| The Bofors Gun
| Best Actor in a Leading Role
|
|-
| 1970
| Inadmissible Evidence
| Best Actor in a Leading Role
|
|-
| 1973
| The Gangster Show: The Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui
| Television Award for Best Actor
|

Drama Desk Awards

|-
| 1969
| Hamlet
| Outstanding Performance
|
|-
| 1974
| Uncle Vanya
| Outstanding Performance
|
|-
| 1976
| Rex
| Outstanding Actor in a Musical
|

Saturn Awards

|-
| 1982
| Excalibur
| Best Supporting Actor
|

Tony Awards

|-
| 1966
| Inadmissible Evidence
| Best Actor in a Play
|
|-
| 1974
| Uncle Vanya
| Best Actor in a Play
|

References

Further reading
Dowsing, Martin. Beware of the Actor! The Rise and Fall of <mask> <mask>. Createspace / Testudines, 2017.Hershman, Gabriel. Black Sheep – The Authorised Biography of <mask> <mask>. The History Press, 2018. External links

 Obituary, The Independent, 26 January 2012
 Obituary, The Guardian, 26 January 2012
 Obituary, Financial Times, 27 January 2012
 Reading Samuel Beckett

1936 births
2011 deaths
20th-century Scottish male actors
Alumni of Birmingham School of Acting
Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands
Deaths from esophageal cancer
Drama Desk Award winners
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
People from Hamilton, South Lanarkshire
Scottish male film actors
Scottish male stage actors
Scottish male

masks: Nicol Williamson Nicol Williamson Nicol Williamson


title: Chokri Belaid

texts:
<mask> (; 26 November 1964 – 6 February 2013), also transliterated as Shokri Belaïd, was a Tunisian politician and lawyer who was an opposition leader with the left-secular Democratic Patriots' Movement. Belaïd was a vocal critic of the Ben Ali regime prior to the 2011 Tunisian revolution and of the then Islamist-led Tunisian government. On 6 February 2013, he was fatally shot outside his house in El Menzah, close to the Tunisian capital, Tunis. As a result of his assassination, Tunisian Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali announced his plan to dissolve the existing national government and to form a temporary "national unity" government. Early and personal life
Belaïd was born in the town of Djebel Jelloud in Tunisia on 26 November 1964. He was a student activist in the 1980s. He worked as a lawyer and was also part of the defence team of former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein during his trial for crimes against humanity.He spoke out against a 2008 clampdown on miners, and was a noted political critic of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, the strongman Tunisian leader in office for 23 years, whose 2011 self-exile to Saudi Arabia was the first tangible result of the Arab Spring uprisings. <mask> was also a poet, and one of his poems is dedicated to Lebanese intellectual Husayn Muruwwa, who was assassinated by Islamists in the late 1980s. <mask> was married and had two daughters. The family lived in a rented apartment. Politics
Belaïd was the coordinator of the far-left Democratic Patriots' Movement, which was part of a 12-member umbrella organisation called the Popular Front. He identified with pan-Arabism and was active opponent of normalizing relations with Israel. and was a strong critic of the supporters of

masks:
Chokri Belaïd
Belaid
Belaid


title: Chokri Belaid

texts:
 fundamentalist Islam, sometimes referred to as Salafists, whose confrontational tactics since the change of government in 2011 have prevented some plays and music concerts from being held in Tunisian cities.The Salafists also have been blamed for attacking the US Embassy in Tunisia in 2012. <mask> was succeeded by Ziad Lakhdhar as secretary general of the party. Assassination
On 6 February 2013, as Belaïd was leaving his house in the neighborhood of El Menzah 6, Tunis, he was shot by Kamel Gaghgadhi, who later fled with an accomplice on a motorbike, four times in the head and chest. He was rushed into the Ennasr clinic, and died there. According to Tunis Afrique Presse, Belaïd died in hospital. <mask> had reportedly received multiple death threats in the days prior to his death. The night before he was killed, <mask> said; "All those who oppose Ennahda become the targets of violence."Earlier that week, Belaïd said that the committees established out of the revolution were a "tool" used by the Islamists. Following news of his death, police used tear gas to disperse thousands of people demonstrating in front of the Interior ministry in Tunis. Other protests spontaneously occurred in cities throughout the country, including Mezzouna, Gafsa and Sidi Bouzid, where tear gas was also used to disperse protesters. The interim President of Tunisia Moncef Marzouki cut short an overseas trip to Cairo as a result of the protests and assassination. Perpetrators
On 26 February, four radical Islamists were detained due to their alleged connections to the assassination of <mask>. The suspect in the murder was identified as Boubacar Hakim, a hardline Salafist. On 2 October, Chokri Belaid defence committee spokesman

masks: Belaid Belaid Belaid Belaid


title: Chokri Belaid

texts:
 Tayeb Oqaili claimed that, according to official documents, Abdulhakim Belhadj was involved in the killings of both <mask> <mask> and Mohamed Brahmi, pointing to links between the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, Ansar al Sharia and the Ennahda Movement.The left-wing leader maintained that Belhadj apparently intended to carry out terrorist attacks in Tunisia, and trained the Ansar al-Sharia cell that killed the opposition politicians, all under close observation by Ennahda leaders Rashid al-Ghannushi, Hamadi Jebali and Samir Dilou, among others. Reactions
Prime Minister Hamadi Jebali called the killing "a political assassination and the assassination of the Tunisian revolution." In a televised address, Jebali announced the formation of a caretaker government composed of technocrats, which would rule the country until a new election is held. The Islamist political party Ennahda issued a statement calling the attack a "heinous crime" that targeted the "security and stability of Tunisia". The premises of Ennahda in the central town of Mezzouna and in the north-eastern town of El Kef were torched by demonstrators and the party's office in Gafsa was ransacked. Four opposition parties, Belaid's own Popular Front bloc, Nidaa Tounes, the Al Massar party, and the Republican Party, announced that they were pulling out of the national assembly and called for a general strike. International reactions included:
 – The ruling Muslim Brotherhood said that assassinations were a crime and must be stopped; while the National Salvation Front expressed its fear of similar political assassinations happening in Egypt.– Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle expressed his "horror" and "sadness." – President François Hollande

masks: Chokri Belaid


title: Chokri Belaid

texts:
 stated that "this murder robs Tunisia of one of its most courageous and free voices". – The Foreign Office released a statement condemning the killing and calling it a "cowardly and barbaric act aimed at destabilising Tunisia's democratic transition." – The spokesperson for the State Department, Victoria Nuland, condemned the killing and called it an "outrageous and cowardly act." She also called for a "fair, transparent and professional investigation to ensure that the perpetrators are brought to justice consistent with Tunisian law and international norms". The assassination of <mask> <mask> prompted responses from the Tunisian intellectual community. Funeral
<mask>'s funeral service was held in Tunis on 8 February.It was attended by at least a million people amid clashes between police and protesters His body was buried at Jellaz cemetery. The following day en Nahda called for its supporters to gather in Tunis. See also
 Mohamed Brahmi
 Nahed Hattar

References

External links

1964 births
2013 deaths
African democratic socialists
Arab socialists
Assassinated Tunisian politicians
Deaths by firearm in Tunisia
People from Jendouba Governorate
People murdered in Tunisia
Popular Front (Tunisia) politicians
Tunisian Arab nationalists
Tunisian lawyers
Tunisian secularists
Tunisian

masks: Chokri Belaid Belaid


title: John Reuben

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; January 14, 1979) is an American Christian hip hop artist signed to Gotee Records until late 2010. <mask> has sold over 200,000 copies of his first four albums. He released his sixth album, Sex, Drugs and Self-Control on December 22, 2009. The album was nominated for a Dove Award for Rap/Hip-Hop Album of the Year at the 42nd GMA Dove Awards, while the song "No Be Nah" was nominated for Rap/Hip-Hop Recorded Song of the Year. <mask> continues to tour, and has played and recorded music with many popular Christian music artists such as Five Iron Frenzy, Relient K, The O.C. Supertones, Luke Dowler, Hawk Nelson, MC Lars, and TobyMac. Background
<mask> is of Jewish heritage and according to his MySpace, his mother is the owner of a Christian Death Metal record label.His brother is Maker Studio CEO Danny Zappin. Raised in Pataskala, Ohio, a suburb of Columbus, <mask> got his start in rapping by taking the bus into the city to rap on open mic nights and participate in rap battles at the age of fifteen. <mask> later released Monuments, an independent EP, which caught the attention of Gotee Records. They took a chance, signing him to the label and releasing his first project, Are We There Yet?, in 2000. TobyMac, the founder of Gotee Records, provided vocals for the album's final track, "God is Love." The album was nominated for a Dove award in 2002. <mask>'s next release, Hindsight (2002), continues his use of a wide variety of musical genres and thoughtful, often funny lyrics.The album was praised as a "truly eclectic and creative hip-hop album that blends old-school sounds with progressive production." Once thought to be a Christian version of Eminem, <mask>'s first two releases established him as an original, witty, sarcastic musician, as well as Gotee's top-selling solo rap artist.

masks:
John Reuben
John Reuben Zappin
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben


title: John Reuben

texts: Professional Rapper (2003) marked <mask>'s debut as a self-producing artist. The album is noticeably different from his previous efforts, using more instruments and less DJ sampling for the tracks. Along with these differences, the album is noticeably darker in both lyrics and feel. It includes several somber tracks which allow a glimpse into <mask>'s struggles and self-doubt. Adrienne Camp of The Benjamin Gate contributes vocals to two tracks on the album.The following year <mask> released So In Hindsight the Professional Rapper Isn't There Yet (2004), an album of remixed versions of songs from his first three albums. The Boy vs. The Cynic (2005) continued <mask>'s trek from the non-serious songs which characterized his earlier work to music that's far more somber and meditative. Reportedly, when the time came for him to submit his work for the album, <mask> turned in enough tracks for two albums, one light hearted, the other more serious. Rather than releasing a two disc release, the label decided to splice them together into The Boy vs. The Cynic. Relient K's Matt Thiessen contributed to the album's second track, "Nuisance".Tim Skipper of the band House of Heroes appeared on the track "So Glad". On this album most of <mask>'s songs used more "traditional" musical instruments, typically the guitar, though he experimented with many different instruments and musical styles. At this time <mask> also filmed and released the pilot for a reality show detailing his "rise" to stardom while poking fun at many of the conventions of reality television. Though the show was never picked up, the pilot was released on YouTube. <mask> released his fifth album, Word of Mouth, on February 6, 2007 which took on more experimental characteristics, with the aid of Beck producer Joe Baldridge. Allmusic.com called Word

masks: Reuben Reuben Reuben Reuben Reuben Reuben Reuben Reuben


title: John Reuben

texts:
 of Mouth an "unqualified triumph" and said that "You won't find a truer, more honest, or more celebratory album this year." Two songs from the album, "Focus" and "Good Evening," were included in the 2007 video game, Thrillville: Off the Rails.Gotee Records released <mask>'s sixth studio album, Sex, Drugs and Self-Control on December 22, 2009. The first single, "Town Folk" was released on July 14, 2009. The next single, "Jamboree", was released August 18, 2009. Followed by "Confident", which was released September 15, 2009, "No be Nah" was released October 14, 2009. In 2010 a best of collection entitled Zappin was released, before <mask> entered an unannounced musical hiatus that would span until fall of 2016. It was at this time that in anticipation of his next album, <mask> released two singles, "Old as Religion" on September 16, and on December 9, a collaboration with Issac Ryan Brown and Aaron Cole, titled "Angel and Drums". On May 19, 2017 <mask> independently released his seventh studio album Reubonic.The album stirred minor controversy for the inclusion of several curse words within the lyrics, <mask> quickly responded on Instagram and was unapologetic. <mask> released a self-titled album in early 2020. Discography

Studio albums
2000: Are We There Yet? A Gotee Tribute to dc Talk's "Jesus Freak." (Cover Compilation, 2006)
  Gotee Records: Twenty Years Brand New (Cover Compilation, 2014)

References

External links

<mask> at Purevolume
Interview at Christianity Today'' (March 2007)
<mask> Music Videos at Rapzilla.com

1979 births
Living people
Midwest hip hop musicians
American performers of Christian music
Jewish American musicians
Musicians from Columbus, Ohio
Performers of Christian hip hop music
Gotee Records artists
Jewish rappers
People from Licking County, Ohio
21st-century American

masks:
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
Reuben
John Reuben
John Reuben


title: John A. O'Keefe (astronomer)

texts:
<mask>'Keefe III (1916–2000) was an expert in planetary science and astrogeology with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) from 1958 to 1995. He and his co-authors, <mask> and Ken Squires, are credited with the discovery that the Earth had a significant third degree zonal spherical harmonic in its gravitational field using U.S. Vanguard 1 satellite data collected in the late 1950s. The Earth's pear shape as it was known became front-page news and was even the subject of a "Peanuts" cartoon. For that, he is credited as the "father of space geodesy". He was the first to propose the idea of a scanning microscope in 1956 and he is the co-discoverer of the YORP effect (short for Yarkovsky-O’Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddock effect), an effect resulting from sunlight which causes a small celestial body such as an asteroid or meteor to spin up or down. Biography

Early Years
O'Keefe was born in Lynn, Massachusetts, on October 13, 1916. He was the oldest of four children of Edward Scott O'Keefe and Ruth Evans.O'Keefe spent his last two years of high school at Exeter Academy. He then went to Harvard, following in the footsteps of his father and grandfathers on both sides as well as all four of his uncles. He graduated in 1937 with an A.B. degree in astronomy. He spent another year at the Harvard College Observatory doing graduate study under Harlow Shapley. At Shapley's urging he went on to graduate studies at the Yerkes Observatory of the University of Chicago where he earned his Ph.D. in Astronomy in 1941. His first major discovery, while in graduate school (1938), was

masks:
John Aloysius O
Ann Eckels


title: John A. O'Keefe (astronomer)

texts:
 Forces. He was killed in Vietnam during the Tet Offensive on February 6, 1968. The children all attended Blessed Sacrament grade school in Chevy Chase. The sons all attended the Abbey School in Washington, D.C.  O'Keefe was Roman Catholic. Death
O'Keefe died on September 8, 2000 in Sioux Falls, South Dakota from complications of liver cancer and Parkinson's disease. He was surrounded by his wife and children.Notes

References
 Gray, M. <mask> of Attack: Harrison Storms and the Race to the Moon. W.W. Norton, New York: 1992. O'Keefe, J.A. (June 5, 1970) Tektite glass in Apollo 12 sample. Science, Vol 168, 1209–1210. O'Keefe, J.A. (Feb. 26, 1985) The coming revolution in planetology.Eos, Vol. 66, No. 9, pp. 89–90. O'Keefe, J.A. (1993) The origin of tektites. Meteoritics, Vol.29, No. 1, pp. 73–78. O'Keefe, J.A. (1976) Tektites and Their Origin. Elsevier. Povenmire, H., O'Keefe, J.A., ed.(2003) Tektites: A Cosmic Paradox. Florida Fireball Network. Koeberl C. (1994) Tektite origin by hypervelocity asteroidal or cometary impact: target rocks, source craters, and mechanisms. Geological Society of America Special Paper Vol. 293, pp. 133–151. McCall GJH (2001) Tektites in the Geological Record: Showers of Glass from the Sky.Geological Society of London, London. Varricchio, L. (2006) Inconstant Moon: Discovery and Controversy on the Way to the Moon. Xlibris/Random House, New York. 1916 births
2000 deaths
American Roman Catholics
NASA people
American astronomers
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Harvard University alumni
Harvard College Observatory people
University of Chicago


title: Hemant Mehta

texts:
<mask> (born February 25, 1983) is an American author, blogger, and atheist activist. <mask> is a regular speaker at atheist events, and has been a board member of charitable organizations such as the Secular Student Alliance and the Foundation Beyond Belief. <mask> used to run the Friendly Atheist blog on Patheos, in which he and his associates published articles several times a day, and also co-hosts a weekly podcast called the Friendly Atheist Podcast. The blog stopped its activities on Patheos from December 14, 2021, as <mask> and several others of his associates moved to a new platform called OnlySky (Onlysky.media). <mask> currently also publishes on Substack. On April 1, 2020, <mask> won his first appearance on the television game show Jeopardy! Biography
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1983.He graduated from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 2004 with a double degree in math and biology and began teaching in 2007. He acquired a master's degree in math education from DePaul University in 2010 and a national board certification in teaching in 2012. He taught high school math at Neuqua Valley High School until 2014 when he announced on Facebook and his blog that he had submitted his resignation to the school, citing that "As much as I love being in the classroom, the opportunities online are just a lot greater right now, and I don’t want to have any regrets down the road about not taking this chance while I have it." After his resignation, he stayed on as the head coach of the school's speech team. <mask> was raised in the Jain faith. He became an atheist as a teenager. Seeking to learn more about what motivated many Americans to be religious, he decided to attend and take notes at a number of churches across the United States.He based his choice of churches to attend on the results of an eBay auction in which he

masks:
Hemant Mehta
Mehta
Mehta
Mehta
Mehta
Mehta
Mehta
Mehta


title: Hemant Mehta

texts:
 offered his bidders, ”I am an atheist. You can bid on where I go to church or a temple or a mosque, etc." <mask>'s experiences at the churches became the basis for his book, I Sold My Soul on eBay. He is the father of two children. Activism
<mask> <mask> established a secular student group, Students WithOut Religious Dogma (SWORD), at the University of Illinois at Chicago while earning dual degrees there. Later, still in college, he served as board chair for the Secular Student Alliance. He interned at the Center for Inquiry where he became familiar with a lot of the national organizations and leaders in the activist world at that time.Now, he serves on the board of directors for the Foundation Beyond Belief, a non-profit charitable organization. <mask> is a regular speaker at freethought and skeptical events around the U.S. He attempts to build bridges of understanding between believers and non-believers through his blog, The Friendly Atheist. Due in part to his positive message, he is also invited to speak at atheist events such as the one he presented at The Reason Rally or  at the American Atheists Annual Convention in March 2012. A vocal advocate of building an atheist community, <mask>'s activism includes fundraising for charitable causes. He helped establish and serves on the board of the Foundation Beyond Belief, which has raised more than $2,400,000 since it launched in 2010. He also established a church cleanup fund in response to reports of church vandalism in Bend, Oregon, in 2012.The vandals tagged the church with allusions to the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster, and <mask>'s readers contributed nearly $3,000 in one day to help clean up the damage. <mask> writes for the "On Faith" column in the Washington Post and has been featured in a New York Times debate on prayer. When asked about his beliefs his response is

masks: Mehta Hemant Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta


title: Hemant Mehta

texts:
 clear: "Simply put, I have never seen any evidence of 'God's work' in action. I've seen what people think is God's work, but which actually has perfectly natural explanations. I believe that most people are good, even when nobody's looking. I believe our best path to discovering the truth lies in science, not religion." In June 2013, <mask> wrote for the "Room for Debate" series in the New York Times, where he argued that "There’s a very real downside to praying.It lulls believers into a false sense of accomplishment." In July 2013, he held an open discussion at the Oak Hills Church in San Antonio, Texas, where he explained his frustration at being confronted time and again with the same arguments for believing in God. He also commented that "Many Christians had negative stereotypes about atheists that prevented fruitful conversation." <mask> was a guest on CNN on August 20, 2013, to discuss the rise of atheism among the millennial generation. Also in 2013 he began publishing "The Atheist Voice" series of video discussions on YouTube, which had over 215 thousand subscribers in 2020. He started a second channel, Friendly Atheist, in 2019, on which he currently has 29 thousand subscribers. <mask> is the co-host, with Jessica Bluemke, of a weekly podcast named the Friendly Atheist Podcast, which has produced over 270 episodes as of June 2019.He also has a YouTube channel Friendly Atheist. Published works
In January 2006, <mask> posted an auction on eBay where he explained his background in atheism and offered to go to the worship services of the winning bidder's choosing. The auction ended on February 3, 2006 with a final bid of $504 from Jim Henderson, a minister from Seattle, Washington. <mask> later donated that money to the Secular Student Alliance, a non-profit organization for which he served as chair of the board of directors.

masks: Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta


title: Hemant Mehta

texts:
 Nearly a month after the auction, an article about <mask>'s experiences appeared on the front page of The Wall Street Journal,. He was featured in the Chicago Sun-Times, the Seattle Times, and the Village Voice, and on National Public Radio. Henderson asked <mask> to visit a variety of churches and write about the experiences on Henderson's website, offthemap.com.<mask> eventually wrote about his visits at nine different churches as well as two additional pieces dealing with atheist conventions and Christian media. I Sold My Soul on eBay contains <mask>'s observations and critiques of the churches along with background on how he became an atheist. Other published works include The Young Atheist's Survival Guide published in 2012 and The Friendly Atheist: Thoughts on the Role of Religion in Politics and Media published in 2013. The former is aimed at students, teachers, and parents who may face ostracism due to their lack of religious belief. The latter is intended as a study guide for the many things written by <mask>. In August 2014, <mask> announced his latest project, God is an Abusive Boyfriend (and you should break up), based on his YouTube series, The Atheist Voice. However, <mask> cancelled the project after receiving negative feedback from his readers.References

External links
Friendly Atheist blog on Patheos
Friendly Atheist blog on Substack
Hemant <mask> on Onlysky.media
Friendly Atheist Podcast
YouTube video of speech at Reason Rally, March 2012
Interview on The Young Atheist’s Survival Guide on the Token Skeptic podcast (Ep. 149)

1983 births
American atheism activists
American bloggers
DePaul University alumni
Living people
Former Jains
Writers from Naperville, Illinois
University of Illinois at Chicago alumni
American people of Indian descent
American podcasters
Writers about religion and science
Jeopardy!

masks: Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta Mehta


title: Duris of Samos

texts:
<mask> of Samos (or Douris) (; BCafter 281BC) was a Greek historian and was at some period tyrant of Samos. <mask> was the author of a narrative history of events in Greece and Macedonia from 371BC to 281BC, which has been lost. Other works included a life of Agathocles of Syracuse and a number of treatises on literary and artistic subjects. Personal and political life
<mask> claimed to be a descendant of Alcibiades. He had a son, Scaeus, who won the boys' boxing at the Olympian Games "while the Samians were in exile"; that is, before 324BC. From 352 to 324 Samos was occupied by Athenian cleruchs who had expelled the native Samians. <mask> therefore may well have been born at some date close to 350BC, and, since his main historical work ended with the death of Lysimachus in 281 BC, must have died at an unknown date after that.Some modern sources assume that the Olympic victor Scaeus must have been the father, not the son, of the historian <mask>; hence he is described in at least two encyclopedias as "son of Scaeus". The ancient sources, admittedly meagre, do not support this. <mask> was the brother of Lynceus of Samos, author of comedies, letters and the essay Shopping for Food. Many 20th century works state that <mask> was a pupil of

masks: Duris Duris Duris Duris Duris Duris Duris


title: Duris of Samos

texts:
 Theophrastus at Athens. There is no evidence for this claim other than a conjectural emendation by Adamantios Korais of the text of the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus. The emendation was published by J. Schweighäuser in 1802 and has been accepted by all subsequent editors of Athenaeus. The manuscript text says not that <mask> studied under Theophrastus, but that his brother Lynceus and Lynceus's correspondent Hippolochus did so.The only recorded fact about <mask>'s public life is that he was tyrant, or sole ruler, of Samos. How he attained this position, for how long he held it, and what events took place under his rule, are unknown. "His reign was uneventful", Hazel guesses. Writings
<mask> was the author of a narrative history of events in Greece and Macedonia from the battle of Leuctra (371BC) down to the death of Lysimachus (281BC). This work, like all his others, is lost; over thirty fragments are known through quotations by other authors, including Plutarch. It was continued in the Histories of Phylarchus. Other works by <mask> included a life of Agathocles of Syracuse, which was a source for books 19-21 of the Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus.<mask> also wrote historical annals of Samos arranged according to the lists of

masks: Duris Duris Duris Duris Duris


title: Duris of Samos

texts:
 the priests of Hera; and a number of treatises on literary and artistic subjects. List of works
Parts of eight of <mask>'s works survive, ranging from 33 fragments of his Histories to a single, small fragment from his On Sculpture. A full listing is:

 Histories (also listed as Macedonica and Hellenica; 33 fragments)
 On Agathocles (also listed as Libyca; 13 fragments)
 Annals of Samos (22 fragments)
 On Laws (2 fragments)
 On Games (4 fragments)
 On Tragedy (and perhaps On Euripides and Sophocles; 2 fragments)
 On Painters (2 fragments)
 On Sculpture (1 fragment)

Later opinions
Of those later authors who knew <mask>'s work, few praise it. Cicero accords him qualified praise as an industrious writer. Plutarch used his work but repeatedly expresses doubt as to his trustworthiness. Dionysius of Halicarnassus speaks disparagingly of his style. Photius regards the arrangement of his work as altogether faulty.By contrast with recent predecessors such as Ephorus, <mask> served as the exemplar of a new fashion for "tragic history" which gave entertainment and excitement greater importance than factual reporting. In Plutarch's "Life of Pericles" a telling example is <mask>'s elaborate (and, according to Plutarch, exaggerated) description of

masks: Duris Duris Duris Duris


title: Duris of Samos

texts:
 cruelty and extensive destruction at Samos when Athenian forces, led by Pericles, subdued the island. Recent critics, believing that <mask> was a pupil of Theophrastus, have attempted either to demonstrate that "tragic history" agreed with the teachings of the Peripatetic school or to analyse <mask>'s motives for taking a different line from his supposed teachers. The debate was inevitably inconclusive. References

Bibliography

Editions of the fragments
C. Müller, Fragmenta historicorum Graecorum vol. 2 (Paris, 1848) pp. 466–488.[Greek with Latin translation and commentary]
F. Jacoby, Die Fragmente der griechischen Historiker vol. 2A pp. 1136–1158 [Greek text]; vol. 2C pp. 115–131 [German commentary]

Modern scholarship
J. P. Barron, "The Tyranny of Duris of Samos" in Classical Review new series vol. 12 (1962) pp. 189–192.C. O. Brink, "Tragic History and Aristotle's School" in Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society vol. 186 (1960) pp. 14–19. A. Dalby, "The Curriculum Vitae of Duris of Samos" in Classical quarterly new series vol. 41 (1991) pp. 539–541.R. B. Kebric, In the Shadow of Macedon: Duris of Samos. Wiesbaden, 1977. R. B. Kebric, "A Note on Duris in Athens" in Classical Philology vol. 69 (1974) pp. 286–287. F.

masks: Duris Duris


title: Bobby Ray Parks Jr.

texts:
<mask>. (born February 19, 1993) is a Filipino-American professional basketball player for Nagoya Diamond Dolphins of the Japanese B.League. A 6'4" guard, he played college basketball for the NU Bulldogs for three years before declaring for the NBA draft in 2015 where he went undrafted. Early life and high school career
<mask> was born in Parañaque, Metro Manila to <mask>. and Marifer Celine Barbosa. His father was playing basketball in the Philippines. <mask>. had been drafted 58th overall in the third round of the 1984 NBA draft and went on to become a seven-time Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) Best Import awardee and Hall of Famer. <mask>. and Barbosa separated. Barbosa moved to Los Angeles in 2003, while <mask>. left for Memphis, Tennessee, in 2005.<mask> and his younger sister, Celine, remained in the Philippines until 2006, when his sister went to live with their mother, while he went to live with his father and his stepfamily, who were also Filipino. After moving to Memphis, <mask> started playing organized basketball at the age of 13. As a freshman and sophomore, he attended St. George's Independent School in Collierville, Tennessee, where he was named Tennessee's Division II-A Mr. Basketball as the state's private school player of the year in 2009. <mask> transferred to Melrose High School for the 2009–10 season and helped his team win a class AAA state championship. In November 2010, he committed to Georgia Tech as the No. 31-ranked shooting guard in the class of 2011, but later decommitted and followed his father back to the Philippines. College career
In September 2010, <mask> enrolled in a computer course at National University in

masks:
Bobby Ray Barbosa Parks Jr
Parks
Bobby Parks Sr
Parks Sr
Parks Sr
Parks Sr
Parks
Parks
Parks
Parks


title: Bobby Ray Parks Jr.

texts:
 Manila with the hopes of playing for the NU Bulldogs in 2011.Since <mask> came from a foreign high school, he had to sit out one year before the 2011 season, which prevented him from winning Rookie of the Year as he would no longer be considered a fresh graduate. Needless to say, he  still qualified for the MVP award, which he eventually won during his first University Athletic Association of the Philippines (UAAP) season with the Bulldogs, as <mask> averaged 20.0 points, 6.5 rebounds, 2.9 assists, 1.1 blocks and 1.1 steals per game and was named the Most Valuable Player of seasons 74 and 75. Professional career

In 2015, <mask> was in pursuit of being the first Filipino-born player to play in the NBA. He became automatically eligible for the 2015 NBA draft as an international player who turned 22 during the calendar year of the draft. In June 2015, prior to the 2015 NBA draft, <mask> was invited to work out for the Utah Jazz, Brooklyn Nets, Dallas Mavericks, Atlanta Hawks and Boston Celtics. <mask> went undrafted, but received an invitation from the Dallas Mavericks to play for their Summer League team. In six games for Dallas, he averaged 3.0 points and 1.7 rebounds per game, becoming the first Filipino-born player to play in the Summer League.NBA D-League
On October 31, 2015, <mask> was selected by the Texas Legends in the second round of the 2015 NBA Development League Draft. He became the second Filipino to be drafted in the NBA D-League after Japeth Aguilar in 2012. <mask> made his debut with the Legends on November 23, 2015 against the Austin Spurs. He went scoreless in 10 minutes of play and went 0-of-2 from the field. On December 13, 2015, he

masks: Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks


title: Bobby Ray Parks Jr.

texts:
 scored his first basket for the Legends. <mask>' putback layup with 14.5 seconds remaining gave him his first-ever basket in the D-League. He also finished with one assist and three rebounds in six minutes of action against the Sioux Falls Skyforce.On April 1, 2016, he scored a career-high 16 points against the Oklahoma City Blue. In 2015–16, <mask> averaged 4.6 points and 1.9 rebounds in 32 games. After the Legends did not retain <mask> for the 2016–17 season, he entered the 2016 NBA Development League Draft, where he was selected in the sixth round by the Westchester Knicks. He was unsuccessful in gaining an opening-night roster spot with Westchester, as the team waived him on November 9, 2016. ASEAN Basketball League
On November 18, 2016 <mask> officially joined Alab Pilipinas of the ASEAN Basketball League (ABL). On December 11, 2016, he scored a career-high 41 points and 14 rebounds against the Kaohsiung Truth. After his first season with Alab Pilipinas, he was named the local MVP of the season.MPBL
After his stint the ABL, <mask> joined the Maharlika Pilipinas Basketball League (MPBL), an amateur regional league in the Philippines which imposes a cap on imports, including Filipinos with foreign heritage like himself. He was signed in by Mandaluyong El Tigre in May 2018. PBA

Blackwater Elite
<mask> entered the 2018 PBA draft where he was selected by Blackwater Elite. He was the second overall pick for that draft. TNT Tropang Giga
Parks was traded to the TNT Tropang Giga from Blackwater Elite in November 2019 in the middle of the 2019 PBA Governors' Cup. With TNT, <mask> had his first semifinal run only for his team to lose to eventual finalist


title: Bobby Ray Parks Jr.

texts:
 Meralco Bolts. After the conclusion of the 2019 season, he signed a new one-year deal with TNT in February 2020.In the Philippine Cup, which was the lone conference for the 2020 season, <mask> helped TNT to its first "All-Filipino" finals in seven years only losing to eventual champions Barangay Ginebra San Miguel. <mask> contract with TNT expired after the 2020 season. In March 2021, <mask> announced that he would not feature in the PBA for the 2021 season citing personal reasons to tend to his family. However the move risked a fallout between <mask> and TNT with team owner and PLDT chairman Manny V. Pangilinan to express his doubts on <mask> reason for sitting out the 2021 season through social media posting a photo of him having a vacation in La Union. While <mask> is a free agent, TNT still hold the signing rights to him; he would only be able to play for another PBA team if TNT release him without pre-conditions or trade him. TNT and the PBA allowed <mask> to play in Japan in July 2021 but TNT would have exclusive rights to re-sign him if he decides to return to the PBA within five years. B.League

Nagoya Diamond Dolphins
On August 24, 2021, <mask> signed with the Nagoya Diamond Dolphins of Japan's B. League as the team's Asian import. National team career
In 2015, <mask> played for Gilas Cadets at the SEABA championships and the Southeast Asian Games. In July 2016, <mask> played for Gilas Pilipinas at the FIBA Olympic Qualifying Tournament in Manila. <mask> was part of the team that represented the Philippines in the 2017 Southeast Asian Games. They won the gold medal after beating Indonesia 94-55, winning his 3rd SEA Games Gold medal in the

masks: Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks Parks


title: Panama Francis

texts:
David Albert "Panama" <mask> (December 21, 1918 – November 13, 2001) was an American swing jazz drummer who played on numerous hit recordings in the 1950s. Early life
<mask> was born in Miami, Florida, on December 21, 1918. His father was Haitian, and "his mother came from an English property-owning background in the Bahamas". His father collected records. The young David was enthusiastic about music and playing the drums even before attending school. He initially played in marching bands and local drum and bugle corps. Career
<mask> first played professionally in the 1930s.He was part of George Kelly's band from 1934 to 1938, and was then with the Florida Collegians in 1938. After moving to New York that year, he worked with Tab Smith, Billy Hicks, and Roy Eldridge before the 1940s. <mask> acquired his nickname from Eldridge "at a moment when [<mask>] was wearing a panama hat and Eldridge could not remember his new drummer's name". <mask> joined Lucky Millinder's big band in 1940, so often played at the Savoy Ballroom. After leaving Millinder he was with Willie Bryant's band (1946), and then Cab Calloway (1947–52); he was in three short films alongside the latter. For much of the 1950s, <mask> was a studio musician in New York, accompanying rhythm-and-blues and rock-and-roll groups and singers. The hits he played on included: Bobby Darin ("Splish Splash"); the Four Seasons ("Big Girls Don't Cry", "Walk Like a Man"); the Platters ("The Great Pretender", "My Prayer", "Only You", "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes"), Dion DiMucci  "Runaround Sue",  Neil Sedaka ("Calendar Girl"); and Jackie Wilson ("Reet Petite").From 1963

masks: Francis Francis Francis Francis Francis Francis Francis


title: Panama Francis

texts:
 <mask> toured with singer Dinah Shore for five years. He then resided in California but struggled to find work. He toured Japan with saxophonist Sam "the Man" Taylor in 1970–71, and appeared on film again in 1972, in Lady Sings the Blues. Back in New York, <mask> was part of Sy Oliver's nonet from 1973 to 1975, during which time he also appeared at jazz festivals and toured internationally with other bands. He revived the Savoy Sultans jazz and dance band in 1979, and he appeared regularly at the Rainbow Room in New York City for eight years from 1980. <mask> became drummer in the Benny Goodman Quartet for concerts in 1982. He appeared in the 1994 film The Statesmen of Jazz as a member of the Statesmen of Jazz.Personal life and final years

<mask> died on November 13, 2001, following a stroke, at age 82. Discography

As leader
 Latin American Dixieland (MGM, 1954)
 Exploding Drums (Epic, 1959)
 The Beat Behind the Million Sellers (ABC-Paramount, 1960)
 Gettin' in the Groove (Black and Blue, 1979)
 <mask> and the Savoy Sultans (Classic Jazz, 1980)

As sideman
With Eddie Barefield
 Eddie Barefield (RCA, 1974)
 The Indestructible E. B. (Famous Door, 1977)
With Wilson Pickett
 In the Midnight Hour (Atlantic Records, 1965)
With Milt Buckner
 Green Onions (Black and Blue, 1975)
 Midnight Slows Vol 6 (Black and Blue, 1977)
With Ray Bryant
 Groove House (Sue, 1963)
 Hot Turkey (Black and Blue, 1979)
With Sam Cooke
 My Kind of Blues (RCA Victor, 1961)
 Twistin' the Night Away (RCA Victor, 1962)
With John Lee Hooker
 It Serve You Right to Suffer (Impulse! (Savoy, 1984)
 Oscar Brown Jr., Sin & Soul (Columbia, 1960)
 Gene

masks:
Francis
Francis
Francis
David Francis
Panama Francis


title: Charles Belfoure

texts:
<mask> (born 19 February 1954) is an American writer, architect and historian specializing in historic preservation, author of several histories and fiction works, including The New York Times best-selling novel The Paris Architect. Biography
He was born in 1954 as the son of <mask>, a second class yeoman of the U.S. Navy, who was in service during World War II, Korean and Vietnam War, and Polish immigrant Kristine Vetulani, a celebrated translator, teacher and activist. He grew up in Woodlawn, the suburbs of Baltimore, Maryland, and attended the Woodlawn High School. In 1983 he graduated from the Pratt Institute with a Bachelor in Architecture and in 1993 from the Columbia University with a Master of Science in Real Estate Development. He is a specialist in historic preservation. He taught at Pratt Institute and at the Goucher College in Baltimore, and has been a freelance contributor to The New York Times and The Baltimore Sun. He published several architectural histories and was a recipient of a Graham Foundation national grant for architectural research.At one point of his career, he began to write novels. The Paris Architect, <mask>'s first novel, was published by Sourcebooks Landmark on October 8, 2013 in the U.S. Following the story of a French architect Lucien Bernard, being paid to create temporary hiding places for Jews in Nazi-occupied Paris, the book received generally positive reviews. Malcolm Gladwell of The Guardian chose The Paris Architect his favourite book of 2013, calling it “a beautiful and elegant account of an ordinary man's unexpected and reluctant descent into heroism during the second world war”. <mask>'s debut in fiction was found among finalists of the 2015 International Dublin Literary Award and hit The New York Times best seller list in an e-book category in July 2015. StudioCanal and The Picture Company acquired the rights to film The Paris Architect. Chris Salmanpour was signed up to adapt the script.Belfoure's second

masks:
Charles Belfoure
Charles William Belfoure
Belfoure
Belfoure


title: Charles Belfoure

texts: novel, House of Thieves, was published on September 15, 2015. Set in 1886 in New York, it tells the story of an architect forced to join a criminal gang, and therefore plan robberies of the buildings he had previously designed to pay off his son’s debts. Publishers Weekly praised the work, pointing out that “Belfoure holds together each and every thread of the novel, resulting in a most memorable, evocative read”. Jocelyn McClurg of USA Today gave the book three out of four stars, saying that “channeling Dickens, Belfoure designs a rollicking story but overloads on improbabilities. No matter – it’s a blueprint for great fun”. House of Thieves was said to be adapted for television by the Mark Gordon Company, with Francis Lawrence to direct the series. Belfoure's third novel, The Fallen Architect, was released on October 9, 2018.Set in 1905, it tells the story of a British architect in the Edwardian era. Publishers Weekly reviewer called it an “exceptional mystery” and said that “Belfoure offers the reader glimpses of early motion pictures, variety hall jokes that are still funny, and a description of Edward VII consuming a 10-course meal. This wonderfully realized background coupled with insights into British society make this a standout”, yet Kirkus Reviews contributor pointed out that several “structural failures loom” in the course of the plot, and one of the plot twists “is a cul de sac from which Belfoure, himself an architect, cannot design a convincing exit. The music hall décor and atmosphere help distract from the flawed whodunit”. The Fallen Architect was announced a 2019 Nero Award Finalist. In 2018, <mask> announced that he has been working on his fourth novel. The Fabergé Secret, released by Severn House of London on January 5, 2021 in the U.K. and the U.S., takes place on the court of Nicholas II of Russia.It is about a prince whose life is changed after witnessing the 1903 Easter Sunday pogrom in Kishinev. Spanish translation of The


title: Charles Belfoure

texts:
 Fabergé Secret was published in Mexico. <mask> uses his architectural background to develop the plot of his novels. He said that he never took creative writing lessons and that he “hesitated writing fiction”, but discovered that John Grisham, who was also never trained in writing, has been using his legal background for his fiction works. Belfoure decided to use his knowledge in the field of architecture in a similar way. When asked about the works that influenced him most, he pointed to Robert Caro's The Power Broker, William Golding's Lord of the Flies and novels by Thomas Hardy, especially Jude the Obscure and The Mayor of Casterbridge. Belfoure lives in Westminster, Maryland.His son Christopher Belfoure graduated in history from West Virginia University in 2010, and died due to a fatal ATV accident the following year. A memorial scholarship – The <mask> Chinese Studies Travel Abroad Fund – was established to honor his memory. Belfoure also has a daughter, Julie. Works

Novels
 The Paris Architect (2013)
 House of Thieves (2015)
 The Fallen Architect (2018)
 The Fabergé Secret (2021)

Monographs
 The Baltimore Rowhouse (with Mary Ellen Hayward, 1997)
 Monuments to Money: The Architecture of American Banks (2005)
 Edmund G. Lind: Anglo-American Architect of Baltimore and the South (2009)
 Rebuilding Baltimore. The Azola Legacy – 50 Years (with Martin P. Azola, 2018)

Awards
 Finalist of the International Dublin Literary Award for The Paris Architect (2015)
 Finalist of the Nero Award for The Fallen Architect (2019)
 Preservation Award, awarded by the Baltimore Heritage for the restoration and rehabilitation of the Marburg House, 6 E. Eager Street, Baltimore (2019)

References

External links

1954 births
Living people
Architects from Baltimore
Writers from Baltimore
21st-century American novelists
American historical novelists
Pratt Institute alumni
Columbia University alumni
Pratt Institute faculty
Novelists from Maryland
Novelists from New

masks:
Belfoure
Christopher Belfoure


title: Jesse Tafero

texts:
<mask> (October 12, 1946 – May 4, 1990) was convicted of murder and executed via electric chair in the U.S. state of Florida for the murders of 39-year-old Florida Highway Patrol officer Phillip A. Black (who served 9 years with Florida Highway Patrol) and 39-year-old Ontario Provincial Police Corporal Donald Irwin (who served 18 years with Ontario Provincial Police), a visiting Canadian constable and friend of Black. The officers were killed during a traffic stop where <mask>, his wife Sunny Jacobs and their children were passengers. <mask>'s execution was botched; his head burst into flames during the execution by electric chair. After <mask>'s execution, the driver, Walter Rhodes, confessed to shooting the officers. The crime, trial and execution
On the morning of February 20, 1976, Black and Irwin approached a car parked at a rest stop for a routine check. <mask>, his wife Sonia "Sunny" Jacobs, their two children (ages 9 years and 10 months) and Walter Rhodes were found asleep inside.<mask> had previously been in prison and was on probation. Black saw a gun lying on the floor inside the car. He woke the occupants and had first Rhodes then <mask> come out of the car. According to Rhodes, <mask> then shot both Black and Irwin with the gun (which was legally registered to Jacobs who bought guns on behalf of <mask> – he couldn't legally obtain a license because of his record) and led the others into the police car to flee the scene. According to <mask>, Rhodes shot the officers and handed the gun to him so that Rhodes could drive. They later disposed of the police car and kidnapped a man and stole his car. All three were arrested after being caught in a roadblock.When they were arrested, the gun was found in <mask>'s waistband. This account, however, was later contradicted by

masks:
Jesse Joseph Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero
Tafero


title: Jesse Tafero

texts: Rhodes; there was subsequently enough evidence to support reasonable doubt regarding <mask>'s conviction. Gunpowder tests found residue on Rhodes consistent with "having discharged a weapon", residue on Tafero consistent with "handling an unclean or recently discharged weapon, or possibly discharging a weapon", as well as residue on Jacobs and her son consistent with "having handled an unclean or recently discharged weapon". Prior to his conviction for murder, <mask> had been convicted of attempted robbery and "crimes against nature" when he was 20 years old. Rhodes entered into a plea agreement for a reduced sentence of second degree murder in exchange for his testimony against Tafero and Jacobs. At their trial, he testified that Jacobs fired first from the back seat, then Tafero took the gun from her and shot the two officers. Rhodes later recanted his testimony on three occasions, in 1977, 1979 and 1982, stating that he shot the policemen, but ultimately reverted to his original testimony.<mask> and Jacobs were convicted of capital murder and were sentenced to death while Rhodes was sentenced to three life sentences. He was released in 1994 following parole for good behavior. The children were placed in the care of Sunny Jacobs's parents until their deaths in a 1982 plane crash. The children were then separated and Sunny's younger child, Christina, was placed into foster care with a friend of Jacobs. Sunny's older child, Eric, who was in his mid-teens, first resided with Sonia's brother Alan, then lived on his own, struggling to survive by working at a pizza restaurant and various odd jobs. <mask> and Jacobs continued their relationship through letters while serving time in the prison. Because there was no death row for women in Florida, Jacobs was put into solitary

masks: Tafero Tafero Tafero Tafero


title: Jesse Tafero

texts:
 confinement for the first five years of her imprisonment and let out only once or twice a week for exercise.She learned yoga to pass the time, and after being moved to the general prison population, began teaching yoga to other prisoners. Although the jury had recommended a life sentence for Jacobs, Judge Daniel Futch, known as "Maximum Dan" for his reputation for tough sentences, imposed the death sentence. In 1981, the Florida Supreme Court commuted Jacobs' sentence to life in prison, holding that Futch lacked sufficient basis to override the jury's sentencing recommendation. <mask> was to be executed by electrocution. The machine, dubbed "Old Sparky", malfunctioned, causing six-inch flames to shoot out of <mask>'s head. A member of the execution team had used a synthetic sponge rather than a sea sponge, which is necessary to provide greater conductivity and a quick death. In all, three jolts of electricity were required to execute Tafero, a process that took seven minutes.Prison inmates later claimed that Old Sparky was "fixed" and tampered with to make <mask>'s execution more like torture. One close inmate friend of <mask> later said he could smell the burning flesh of his friend for days after. It has been rumored that <mask>'s death served as inspiration for author Stephen King when he wrote the execution of Eduard Delacroix in his novel The Green Mile. Aftermath
The case became a cause célèbre among death penalty opponents, who cited the brutal circumstances of <mask>'s execution as reasons it should be abolished. Rhodes did not receive further jail time. Filmmaker Micki Dickoff made a crime drama on the case entitled In the Blink of an Eye, which aired as an ABC Movie of the Week in 1996. Sunny Jacobs, even though she had not been exonerated, is featured in The

masks: Tafero Tafero Tafero Tafero Tafero Tafero


title: Juana María Rodríguez

texts:
<mask> is a Cuban-American professor of Ethnic Studies, Gender and Women's Studies, and Performance Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Her scholarly writing in queer theory, critical race theory, and performance studies highlights the intersection of race, gender, sexuality and embodiment in constructing subjectivity. Biography
Born <mask> in Placetas, Cuba, <mask> emigrated to the United States in 1963 with her family. She has two siblings: her sister <mask>,an experimental filmmaker and visual artist who works between Havana and Miami, and her brother René. <mask> identifies as queer and bisexual, and has published work about what she terms "bisexual erasure." Education and career
Describing herself as an "accidental academic" in reference to her working class upbringing, <mask> attended City College of San Francisco before graduating with a bachelor's degree from San Francisco State University in Liberal Studies. Her graduate degrees include a Masters in English and Comparative Literature from Columbia University, and a Ph.D. in Ethnic Studies from the University of California, Berkeley where she studied with Norma Alarcón, Judith Butler, VèVè A. Clark, and Gerald Vizenor.Before joining the faculty at Berkeley, <mask> was an Assistant Professor of English at Bryn Mawr College, and an Associate Professor of Women and Gender Studies at the University of California, Davis where she served as Director of the Cultural Studies Graduate Group. At Berkeley, she is affiliated with the Center for Race and Gender, the Center for New Media, the Center for the Study of Sexual Culture and the Haas Institute for a Fair and Equitable Society, where she was a founding member of the LGBTQ Citizen Cluster. In 2014, she was appointed to the University of California President's Advisory Committee on LGBT Students, Staff, and Faculty Member by Janet Napolitano. Academic

masks: Juana María de la Caridad Rodríguez y Hernández


title: Juana María Rodríguez

texts:
 contributions
The author of two books, Queer Latinidad: Identity Practices, Discursive Spaces (NYU Press, 2003) and Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings (NYU 2014), <mask> has also published essays in GLQ: a Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies; Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory; Radical History Review; PMLA; MELUS; Profession and others. <mask>'s work is considered part of queer of color critique, an intervention into queer theory that argues that sexuality can not be understood or analyzed outside of the ways it is mutually constituted by race and other dimensions of difference. Queer Latinidad: Identity Practices, Discursive Spaces
<mask>'s first book, Queer Latinidad: Identity Practices, Discursive Spaces (NYU Press, 2003) introduced the idea of queer latinidad as a way to disarticulate the ways that history, geography, colonialism, ethnicity, nationality, language, religion, legal status, immigration status, class, color, and the politics of location exist to complicate facile notions of Latino identity. In that book, Rodríguez identifies three case studies that involve different understandings of ethnic and sexual identity: activism through the queer Latino/a HIV prevention agency Proyecto ContraSIDA por Vida; law through the asylum case of Marcelo Tenorio, a gay Afro-Brazilian who was granted political asylum in the United States based on sexual persecution; and cyberspace by examining the internet chatrooms of the IRC (Internet Relay Chat) an early form of digital connectivity.Queering Spanish language
In her chapter on the IRC, "'Welcome to the Global Stage': Confessions of a Latina Cyber-Slut" in Queer Latinidad, <mask> documents the use of the "@" or arroba in words like Latin@, amig@s, or nostr@s seen in the Spanish language digital spaces she studied, as a "creative linguistic intervention in the highly gendered structure

masks: Rodríguez Rodríguez Rodríguez Rodríguez


title: Juana María Rodríguez

texts:
 of Spanish." She writes, "Unlike the slash in words such as Latinos/as or amigas/os, which maintains a gender binary while attempting to be inclusive, the @ or "at sign," literally marks where an individual is at in terms of gender." She has also discussed the use of the "x" in terms such as Latinx and other approaches to the ungendering or queering of Spanish, although she also argues that gender can also be a site of pleasure and affirmation. Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings
Rodriguez's second book Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings (NYU Press 2014) looks at queer kinship practices, sodomy laws in Puerto Rico, Latin dance styles, commercials, pornography, burlesque, queer pride marches, alongside sexual practices such as BDSM, polyamory, daddy-play, and butch-femme role playing to examine the relationship between sexual politics and sexual practices. In the book and elsewhere, she highlights how the politics of respectability that surround sexuality inhibit the potential for more radical interventions into public policy and law around sexuality. Throughout the book, she uses the idea of gesture to emphasize non-verbal ways of communicating gendered and ethnic identity, and as a metaphor to think about activist practices that are partial, in-process and incomplete. The book features queer performance artist Xandra Ibarra, and explores the taboo subject of racialized sexual violence.Sexual practices
<mask>'s work is often specifically praised for the ways in which it deals explicitly with queer sexual practices and forms of gender expression such as butch and femme. She frequently uses her own sexual experiences, or what she terms "sexual archives" to illuminate her ideas on racialized abjection, feminine subjection, sexual vulnerability, and femme identity. In her writing, she often references the sensory, particularly


title: Juana María Rodríguez

texts:
 touch, as a way to articulate an embodied sexual practice and a writing practice rooted in sociality. In reviews of her work, reviewers frequently remark on her lyrical use of language. Other accomplishments

Awards
In 2015, her book, Sexual Futures, Queer Gestures, and Other Latina Longings won the Alan Bray Memorial Book Prize, by the GL/Q Caucus of the Modern Language Association and was a Lambda Literary Foundation Finalist for LGBT Studies. At the University of California, Berkeley, she has won the Social Science Division, Distinguished Teaching Award and the Graduate Assembly's Faculty Mentor Award. Professional affiliations
A member of the American Studies Association, the Modern Language Association, and the National Women's Studies Association, she was chair of the Modern Language Association's Committee on the Status of Literatures of People of Color in the United States and edited a collection of essays entitled the "Affirmative Activism Project" on diversity in higher education.She was also elected to the National Council of the American Studies Association for a three-year term in 2013. Public engagement
A frequent public speaker and writer, <mask> has also published articles on the Orlando nightclub shooting, diversity in Higher Education, gay marriage, and bisexuality. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
City College of San Francisco alumni
Bisexual writers
Queer women
Bisexual women
University of California, Berkeley faculty
San Francisco State University alumni
Columbia University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Bryn Mawr College faculty
University of California, Davis faculty
LGBT writers from the United States
Cuban emigrants to the United States
People from Placetas
LGBT writers from Cuba
Cuban non-fiction writers
Queer writers
Ethnic studies
LGBT Hispanic and Latino American people
Queer theorists
LGBT


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts:
<mask> (September 18, 1905 – February 28, 1977) was an American comedian and actor. To a generation of early radio and television comedy he was known as "Rochester". <mask> entered show business as a teenager on the vaudeville circuit. In the early 1930s, he transitioned into films and radio. In 1937, he began his role of Rochester van Jones, usually known simply as "Rochester", the valet of Jack Benny, on his NBC radio show The Jack Benny Program. <mask> became the first African American to have a regular role on a nationwide radio program. When the series moved to CBS television in 1950, <mask> continued in the role until the series ended in 1965.After the series ended, <mask> remained active with guest starring roles on television and voice work in animated series. He was also an avid horse-racing fan who owned several race horses and worked as a horse trainer at the Hollywood Park Racetrack. He was married twice and had four children, and died of heart disease in February 1977 at the age of 71. Early life
<mask> was born in Oakland, California. His father, "Big Ed" <mask>, was a minstrel performer, while his mother, Ella Mae, had been a tightrope walker until her career was ended by a fall. He described himself as being a descendant of slaves who were able to leave the South during the Civil War through the Underground Railroad. At the age of ten, <mask> and his family moved from Oakland to San Francisco.He left school when he was 14 to work as an errand boy to help his family. Stage-struck at an early age, he spent much of his free time waiting at stage doors and cutting up on street corners with his friend and brother, Cornelius. <mask> briefly

masks:
Edmund Lincoln Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts:
 tried being a jockey, but had to give it up when he became too heavy. <mask> started in show business as part of an all African American revue at age 14; he had previously won an amateur contest at a vaudeville theater in San Francisco. <mask> joined the cast of Struttin' Along in 1923 and was part of Steppin' High both as a dancer and as one of the "Three Black Aces" with his brother, Cornelius, in 1924. He later worked in vaudeville with Cornelius. <mask> began adding comedy to his song and dance act in 1926.During one of his vaudeville tours to the East Coast, <mask> first met Jack Benny; the men only exchanged greetings and shook hands. <mask>'s vocal cords were ruptured when he was a youngster selling newspapers in San Francisco. The newsboys believed those who were able to shout the loudest sold the most papers. The permanent damage to his vocal cords left him with the gravelly voice later familiar to both radio listeners and television viewers. <mask> was also a dancer and gained his show business start in this way, but it was his uniquely recognizable voice that brought him to stardom. Career

The Jack Benny Program

<mask>'s first appearance on The Jack Benny Program was on March 28, 1937. He was originally hired to play the one-time role of a redcap on the Benny program for a storyline of the show traveling from Chicago to California by train, which coincided with the radio show's actual return to NBC's Radio City West in Hollywood after a brief stint in New York.As Jack Benny and his show staff were traveling to California by train, Benny and his writers had an idea for a comedy sketch that took place on a train with a train porter getting

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts:
 the better of Benny on a fictional trip from Chicago to Los Angeles. Benny liked the idea of the sketch enough to wire California to find someone for the role of the train porter before the show script was actually finished. Benny's first choice for the role was Oscar, the shoeshine man on the Paramount studios lot. Oscar's agent told the Benny show his client would take the job for $300. Benny thought this was too much money and the role went to <mask>. <mask>, who was working as a comedian in the Los Angeles Central Avenue district at the time, won the role after an audition. When Benny and cast were preparing to board the train, <mask> and Benny had their first lines together, with the following exchange:
Benny: "Hey Redcap, carry my grips a little higher; there are some things hanging out."<mask>: "Yes, sir." Benny: "Just drop the grips down here until I get my crowd together." <mask>: "Yes, Mr. Bunny." Benny: "The name's Benny." <mask>: "Well, this is Easter." There was a recurring gag wherein Benny's inquiries about their arrival in Albuquerque were met with skepticism by <mask> that such a place existed.Five weeks after <mask>'s first appearance on the Benny program, he was called for another radio role on the show, this time as a waiter in a restaurant serving the cast. In the sketch, Benny complimented <mask> on his extensive knowledge, to which <mask> replied, "I don't know where Albuquerque is". During this appearance, <mask> made himself at home on the program, joining in the Jell-O commercial with the regulars of the cast. A few weeks later, <mask> was called back once more, now for the part of a "colored fellow" who had a financial

masks:
Eddie Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts: disagreement with Benny. The Benny show received a large amount of mail about <mask>'s appearances on the radio program. Benny decided to make him part of the cast as his butler and valet, Rochester van Jones. Neither Benny nor <mask> could recall how they came up with the name of Rochester for <mask>'s character.<mask> always credited Benny for the invention of the Rochester van Jones name, saying that the name was copyrighted and that Benny later sold the rights to him for a dollar. When <mask> became a regular member of the Benny show cast, he became the first African American to have a regular role on a nationwide radio program. <mask> first appeared as "Rochester" on the Benny program of June 20, 1937. Subsequent episodes gave different "origin stories" for Rochester. One radio show guest starred Amos 'n' Andy, where the skit showed that Rochester used to work for them as a taxi cab driver. Benny and Rochester collide their cars, in which Benny is clearly at fault (as Rochester's car was way up on a grease rack). Benny claimed it was Rochester's fault and threatens to sue.The racial inequality of the respective parties is explicitly referenced, and Amos 'n' Andy essentially give Rochester to Benny to settle the matter out of court. (This same episode included Mary Livingstone's infamous blooper at the very end of the show – mispronouncing "grease rack" as "grass reek".) A later television show explained that Benny met Rochester when the latter was a porter on a railroad train; Benny is responsible for Rochester being fired and then hires him as a valet to make it up to him. Benny's chief problem with <mask> was his frequently being late for the


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts:
 show. Benny attempted to instill punctuality in <mask> by fining him $50 each time he arrived late at the studio. <mask> had a habit of losing track of time, especially when he was talking with someone. Benny enlisted some of the cast members to drop in on him just before travel dates to make sure he would be ready to go on time.Most of the time he was not, and there were times the other cast members would need to leave without <mask> with them. On one occasion when the entire Benny show was scheduled to appear in New York, <mask>, who had been out late the night before departure day, could not be roused by Mamie on time. The <mask>s arrived at the Los Angeles train station just as the Super Chief pulled out with the rest of the radio program's cast on it. Breaking the speed limit with an LAPD motorcycle squad escort, <mask> arrived at the Pasadena train station in time to catch his train from there. Popularity
The Rochester character became immensely popular. In 1940, <mask> was invited to a Harvard University smoker but was detained by students from rival Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The comedian was met at the airport by MIT students who claimed they were on the Harvard committee.When it was discovered why <mask> was late to the Harvard gathering, a riot broke out as students from the two schools began fighting over the incident. Especially after World War II Rochester was second only to Benny himself in popularity and almost always received the most enthusiastic applause on his entrances and exits. Although he usually did not appear in the opening minutes of the shows, he began to surpass Mary Livingstone as Jack Benny's main foil,

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts:
 especially as Livingstone began to appear less frequently due to stage fright. In January 1949, when The Jack Benny Program moved to the CBS Radio Network, Rochester's popularity was explicitly referenced on the first show, when Benny ran into his new CBS co-workers Amos and Andy during his first visit to the studio:

Amos: That Mr. Benny is supposed to be a big comedian.... He didn't say nothin' funny. Andy: Well, Amos, it's just like I told ya', he ain't nothin' without Rochester. – Laughter and applause –

Jack Benny and Rochester had numerous running gags, often based on Rochester's attempts to evade work, desire to go to Central Avenue to drink, and Benny's business ventures, or sidelines (selling sandwiches, running a laundry service, etc.).In his early appearances (late 1930s-early 1940s), a running gag also involved Rochester's gambling habits, although this aspect of his character was toned down considerably after World War II. Stories also often involved Benny's trademark cheapness: Rochester comments that he had to buy a toothbrush "on the installment plan", and in the same episode tells an IRS agent how his pay is calculated:"Mr Benny pays me so much a month, and then he points out the deductions: so much for insurance, so much for Social Security, an' what's left over is what they call 'take-home pay'...Then he points out that I'm livin' in HIS home, so he takes it!" Mayor of Central Avenue

While <mask> was born and raised in the Oakland area, he came to the Los Angeles African American community in the 1930s in search of work in films. At the time of his success on the Benny radio show, the community thought of him as one of their own and


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts:
 was proud of his rise to stardom. The reality of an African American mayor of Los Angeles would not come in this era; for many years, those living in the Central Avenue area had held mock elections, with the winner being known as "the Mayor of Central Avenue". The title holder had both the right and the duty to speak up about issues affecting the local African American community. California Eagle readers opened their newspapers on May 23, 1940, to find <mask> "Rochester" <mask> asking for their votes for Mayor of Central Avenue.From his headquarters at the Dunbar Hotel, <mask> conducted his campaign mainly based on real issues, one of them being a need for African Americans to serve their country as aviators. He was deeply committed to this issue, taking flying lessons and lecturing with a Tuskegee Institute representative about this need. After <mask> announced his run for mayor, President Franklin D. Roosevelt also addressed the aviation issue, asking that the nation commit itself to building an air force. On Election Day, <mask> won the right to claim the title. Progression of race relations
<mask>'s role as a servant was common for black performers of that era, such as Ethel Waters in Beulah. The stereotyping of black characters was a standard practice in the entertainment business for generations, referencing minstrel shows, where white actors in blackface reinforced low stereotypes of laziness, ignorance, illiteracy, weakness for drinking, gambling, and carousing, and general unfitness for any position of responsibility. Jack Benny's broadcast on November 1, 1936, was entitled Doc Benny's Minstrel Show, in which the entire cast performed a

masks: Eddie Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Eddie "Rochester" Anderson

texts: Dennis Day's character is much younger and an idiot, Rochester respectfully addressed him as Mr. Day. Rochester often outwitted Benny, by getting Benny to mop the floor, for example. The "Rochester" character retained many of the stereotypes (lazy, gambler, drinker), but they became a part of his character, disassociated from his race. Even though some of the humor was stereotypical, it was always done so that the racial element of the joke came from <mask> and no one else. In a February 1940 multi-episode radio play in which the gang visits Yosemite National Park, Rochester bemoans about having to constantly sing songs for Jack (in order to make up for the lack of a radio in their car).Worse still, he says, "at eight o'clock he wants me to imitate 'Amos and Andy'". After a pause for audience laughter, he continues: "I can't do that blackface stuff!" Later, Rochester asks Benny if he can walk around and explore at Badger Pass. Jack consents, but warns Rochester not to "get lost in the snow", to which Rochester replies, "Who me?". During World War II, Benny toured with his show, but Rochester did not, because discrimination in the armed forces would have required separate living quarters. However, during performances of the radio program staged before armed forces audiences at bases and military hospitals, the appearance of Rochester routinely drew enthusiastic applause that arguably often outstripped that received by other members of the cast, more so than in civilian audiences. Also referenced in Benny's posthumous autobiography, Sunday Nights at Seven, was an episode at the conclusion of a broadcast originating at a military base which featured