title: Kwon Sang-woo

texts: career slump, as the films Fate and More Than Blue flopped in the box office, and his small-screen projects Sad Love Story, Bad Love, and Cinderella Man received low ratings. Things took a turn for the better in 2010 with the box-office success of Korean War film 71: Into the Fire which <mask> reportedly did not hesitate to take on, though he again portrayed a high school student. His drama Daemul about Korea's first female president (played by Go Hyun-jung) was also very popular during its run, staying atop TV charts for 11 weeks straight and ending with viewership ratings around 26%. In the 2011 melodrama Pained, <mask> played a man with analgesia, the inability to sense physical pain, who then falls in love with a woman suffering from hemophilia. Based on an original story by webcomic artist Kang Full, Pained was directed by Kwak Kyung-taek in a departure from his previous macho movies. Kwak said, "The production company told me <mask> Sang-woo was contemplating the part, and I said I would do it only if <mask> does. There was nobody else."Looking to expand his acting career to a wider audience in Asia, in 2012 <mask> starred in movies with Chinese superstars Cecilia Cheung (romantic comedy Shadows of Love, previously known as Repeat, I Love You) and Jackie Chan (action film CZ12). He also made his singing debut in a DVD released in Japan in 2010. Cast as the male lead in a Chinese TV series titled Feng Hua Xue Yue (Wind Flower Snow Moon), <mask>'s role was an Asian-American Broadway producer who comes back to China to stage a musical production in Yunnan Province and falls in love with the leading lady of his stage musical. He next starred opposite Soo Ae in Yawang (also known as Queen of Ambition), which was adapted from the third installment of manhwa artist Park In-kwon's 21-part saga Daemul (the 2010 SBS TV series of the same name that also starred <mask> was adapted from the comic's second book). <mask> was cast in his first medical drama in 2013, Medical Top Team from the

masks: Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon


title: Kwon Sang-woo

type: original

texts:
 director of Moon Embracing the Sun and the writer of Brain. He played a straightforward yet warm-hearted genius surgeon. In 2014, he reunited with Stairway to Heaven costar Choi Ji-woo in Temptation, about a married, debt-ridden businessman who agrees to a deal with a female CEO in exchange for her "ownership" of his body.He next played the owner of an internet startup company in Honey Enemy, a 2015 Chinese romance film opposite Zhang Yuqi that filmed in Jeju Island and Shanghai. <mask> then starred in comedy film The Accidental Detective which revolves around a misfit comic book rental shop owner who becomes involved in a murder case. In 2016, <mask> starred alongside Choi Kang-hee in the crime comedy drama, Queen of Mystery. <mask> reprised his role in the second season of the show, which aired in 2018. In 2018, <mask> starred in crime comedy The Accidental Detective 2: In Action. He was also cast in the romantic comedy film Shall We Do It Again. Kwon has said in an interview, "I hope I'm remembered as an actor whose work the audience looks forward to rather than an actor who acts well."Business interests
In 2009 <mask> established the cosmetics firm Natural Tears, of which he is the owner and CEO, as well as the inaugural advertising model for the brand TEARS. It was named after his nickname "Mr. Tears", given to him by fans in recognition of his tear-jerking acting in Stairway to Heaven. He also opened the cafe Tea'Us in Myeong-dong, and is the biggest shareholder of the resort Ocean Blue Hotel Bali. The property <mask> owns in Bundang-gu was appraised at an estimated worth of . Personal life
Unlike many Korean male stars who had to fulfill their mandatory military service at the height of their careers, <mask> completed his military service long before he became an actor. <mask>'s mother is a Roman Catholic, and he himself converted after filming Love, So Divine in which he played as a seminarian. His confirmation name is Francisco.<mask> married actress and former Miss Korea Son

masks: Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon


title: Kwon Sang-woo

texts:
 Tae-young at the Shilla Hotel on September 28, 2008. On February 6, 2009, his wife gave birth to a baby boy, christened as Luke (nicknamed Rookie). Their second child, a daughter, was born on January 10, 2015. Controversy
In 2006 <mask> filed a complaint against Kim Tae-chon, the godfather of Beomseobangpa (one of Korea's three major criminal gangs), for threatening him when the actor failed to keep his promise to hold a fan meeting in Japan. <mask> and the defendant eventually came to a settlement, but prosecutors continued investigations into possible ties between kkangpae and the Japanese Yakuza and Chinese crime syndicates that are looking to cash in on the Korean Wave entertainment business. There was fan backlash to his 2008 marriage due to his wife's previous dating history. In an appearance on talk show Golden Fishery hosted by Kang Ho-dong in 2009, <mask> said, "After I got married, membership in my fan cafe dwindled from 240,000 to 135,000 - it was like a stock market crash."He also said that before he got married, he had an average of seven TV commercials per year, but by early 2009 that number had dwindled down to zero. In the early hours of June 12, 2010, <mask> was involved in a car accident in Gangnam District. According to news reports, Kwon was driving on the wrong side of the road and hit a parked car. He then ran into the police car that had pursued him, continued driving and hit a tree before fleeing the scene on foot. Two days later, he turned himself in at Gangnam Police Station, claiming he had not been drunk. <mask> later made a public apology through a handwritten letter, and was fined  by a Seoul district court. Filmography

Film

Television series

Wev series

Television shows

Music video

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Hannam University alumni
People from Daejeon
21st-century South Korean male actors
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male models
South Korean male television actors
South Korean Roman

masks: Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon Kwon


title: George Khutsishvili

texts:
<mask> Doctor of Philosophy,  Professor (15November 19484October 2013), was a prominent Georgian public figure, one of the founders of conflictology  in Georgia and the Caucasian region and a scientist in the field of peace and conflict studies. In 1994 he founded the independent non-for-profit and non-partisan International Center on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN). Between 1995 and 2013 he was the publisher of  Peace Times, Conflicts and Negotiations and Alternatives to Conflict’ amongst others. For many years he was invited to work as a professor at different leading universities in Georgia and abroad. <mask> made significant input into study of the essence of theoretical thinking and the problem of the infinite in the light of philosophy and mathematics (1970-80s). From the 1990s to the end of his days he dedicated his life to establishing and developing peace and conflict studies in Georgia. Childhood
<mask> was born on 15 November 1948 in Tbilisi to the family of Shota and Sophio (Samiko) <mask>.He quickly developed a professional knowledge of Russian and English, and considered trilingual in English, Russian, Georgian, as well as  a basic knowledge of German, Polish and the Italian languages. Education and academic degrees

In 1966 <mask> graduated from the Tbilisi I.N.Vekua phys-math secondary school N42, and   enrolled in  Tbilisi State University, in the department of mechanics and mathematics, from which he  graduated in 1971. In 1976, he passed his PhD defense with a thesis on “Infinity and the Problem of its Abstraction in Science” and was awarded the

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George Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili
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title: George Khutsishvili

texts:
 degree of Doctor of Philosophy in 1977. The Supreme Attestation Commission (Moscow) awarded him the title of Professor of Philosophy in 1982. In 1987, he  completed an intensive course in “English Language Simultaneous Translations” and was awarded a diploma. In 1991 he was invited to Kyiv due to his published work in Russian. In 1991 he was awarded  a degree of Doctor of Philosophy  by the Ukraine Academy of Sciences,    In 1995, he was awarded the Harvard Law School Certificate of Negotiation Training of the Program of Instruction for Lawyers.Professional activities

In 1971-1972, he worked as an applied mathematician at the Institute of Management Systems at the Academy of Sciences of Georgia. In 1972-1979 he worked as a researcher and then as a senior researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Georgian Academy of Sciences. In 1979,  <mask> was elected  deputy chair of the Methodological Council of the Academy of Sciences, and later was co-chair until 1988. He was frequently invited to deliver public lectures on democratic reforms, which the Methodological Council was conducting regularly in the period of Gorbachev's “Perestroika”. In October 1988, on behalf of the East German organization Kulturbund, Olaph Krebe, invited him to several leading universities in Germany to deliver a series of lectures (the Alexander Humboldt University, East Berlin, the Karl Marx University, and the Leipzig, Halle and Dresden Universities). At the end of the 80s,  <mask> started researching various methodologies of finding water, biolocation, and bioenergy. His interest in this

masks: Khutsishvili Khutsishvili


title: George Khutsishvili

texts: field was stirred after meeting with the representatives of American dowsers at a Conference in 1989 in the United States.Later, from the beginning of the 1990s, he became a member of the American Society of Dowsers. In 1989, the Institute of Neotic Sciences invited <mask> to conduct research and awarded him a membership for one year (1990-1991). In 1988-1990 he went on to work as the head of the Department of Social Sciences at the Ministry of Education of Georgia. In 1992, the Tbilisi State Institute of Foreign languages and Pedagogical Sciences elected him  full professor. He had earlier since 1981 held the position of associate professor and chair of Philosophy. The State Committee for Human Rights and Ethnic Relations, established in 1992, opened the Centre for Conflict Analysis, especially for Professor <mask>. The Centre functioned for 1 year.On 8 January 1993,  <mask>  was invited to be a Research Fellow to the Centre for International Security and Arms Control, at Stanford University in the United States While there, he received funding from David Packard,  The American press at that time spoke about <mask> as a “Fellowship Brings Unique Georgian Perspective to Stanford”. He was offered work as a consultant  the following year in the same Centre, on ethnic conflicts in the post-Soviet space (1994–95). In the spring of 1993 he was awarded a NATO Research Fellowship (Democratic Institutions Individual Fellowships Program) grant for  “Caucasus Knot of Conflicts in Light of Growing Global Insecurity”. In 1994 he became  Associate Professor of Conflict and Peace

masks:
George Khutsishvili
George Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili
George Khutsishvili


title: George Khutsishvili

texts:
 Studies at the Department of International Law and International Relations, at Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, where he worked until 2006. In 1995 –1997, he was appointed  professor of Sociology at the American University of Hawaii's Tbilisi Campus. In 1995, he was elected   Vice - President of the  Academy of Georgian Philosophic Sciences,.He held this position through 1997. He  in 1998, <mask> was invited to the position of professor of Conflict Studies, at the Humanitarian-Technical Department of the Georgian Technical University, where he delivered lectures until 2001. From 2001-2010, <mask> had been invited to be a member of several state commissions at different ministries to work on Caucasus oil/gas pipeline projects,  public opinion and media, the development of a National Security Concept for Georgia, cooperation with civil society, conflict resolution, elections, and other issues. In 2006-2011, he held the position of a full professor at the Georgian University. For many years, he worked as a member of the commission for selecting academic positions, and on the scientific board for granting degrees in the social sciences at Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. In 2008-2009 he worked as the Chief Investigator of the Multi-track Dialogue for the Georgian-Abkhazian Conflict, in an international programme supported by the European Commission.In 2001-2002, 2009, and 2011-2012, he was invited by the USAID to become a member of conflict assessment mission groups in Georgia. International Centre on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN)

<mask> developed

masks:
Khutsishvili
George Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili


title: George Khutsishvili

texts:
 his interest in conflict resolution from the beginning of the 1990s. At that time, this field did not exist in Georgia, while in the west it was rather well developed. In that period, he worked in the Tbilisi Business School where he first introduced his course of studies in conflictology. Upon his return from the United States in 1994,  <mask> established the first independent high-profile organization in Georgia, which gave birth to the Georgian educational and scientific programs on conflict and peace studies. <mask> and 63 other founding members launched their organization at a meeting held on 8 August 1994, where they established “The International Center on Conflicts and Negotiations Strategy”. He was granted status as the founder.This non-profit organization with international status was registered by the Department of Registration of the Ministry of Justice of Republic of Georgia on 3 October 1994. On 30 December 1998, the name of the centre was changed to the International Center on Conflict and Negotiation (ICCN) ([www.ICCN.ge]). <mask> headed the Center until the end of his life. The Centre continues its  activities  and is a powerful, field-oriented NGO in Georgia, as well as in the Caucasian region. Peace activities
Starting in 1995, he edited and issued trilingual magazines and bulletins which provided relevant expert and educational materials on conflict and peace issues for conflict affected

populations. With this, he made a valuable contribution to strengthening civil society; (“Conflicts and Negotiations” (1995-2001); “Alternative” (1996-1998);


title: George Khutsishvili

texts: “Monada” (1997-1998); “Alternative to Conflict” (1998-2003); “Peace Times” (2001-2013)). Since 1995, the foundation has been laid for Georgian-Abkhaz and Georgian-Ossetian dialogues, on the initiative of <mask>, in the format of public diplomacy.The International Centre on Conflict and Negotiation headed by  <mask> was a pioneer to start dialogue process. He addressed the Abkhaz people at the Conference (1995) in Moscow, proposing to start the first dialogue, where he met Manana Gurgulia and Roman Dbar. Kumar Rupesinkhe, who was then a representative of International Alert (IA), London, took an interest in <mask>'s idea, and later the first Georgian-Abkhazian dialogue project was implemented with Rupesinkhe's support. This project lasted for many years. The first Georgian-Abkhazian dialogue took place in July 1996. The process of a Georgian–Ossetian dialogue started in 1995. The famous scientist Roger Fisher contacted professor <mask> and offered his cooperation in the Georgian–Ossetian and Georgian-Abkhazian format (Conflict Management Group (CMG) USA).This is how the Georgian–Ossetian dialogue started with the support and financial aid of the NRC (Norwegian Refugee Council). From the very start, this organization ensured their support to <mask>'s Centre in educational programs for IDPs (Internally Displaced Persons). The first Georgian-Ossetian meeting took place in January 1996, in Oslo, upon the request of the NRC. In 1996,  <mask> held a joint seminar on “Developing a Regional Security Concept for the Caucasus” with NATO. This seminar attracted the attention of

masks:
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Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili
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title: George Khutsishvili

texts: the West with the following message of his organization: “We need to develop the concept of regional security first, rather than the concepts of national security”. The working topic of this seminar was based on <mask>'s idea, which he had proposed to NATO. In that period, NATO was developing the concept of national security in almost all post–Soviet countries, in order to help the nations.<mask>'s idea, which insisted that national security concepts could not be developed without regional security concepts, was considered, discussed and summarized at the seminar. The results were published in the following book in the Georgian and English languages: “Developing a Regional Security Concept for the Caucasus”, International Conference materials, 4–6 October 1996, Tbilisi, Georgia. Editor–<mask>, 1997. Later, NATO introduced the above approach to many other countries. In 2003, he was one of the conveners of a special meeting that founded the “Public Movement against Religious Extremism” to counteract the violent actions of religious extremism that had been gaining momentum in that period. In 2003-2013, he was a member of the International Steering Group of the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC). Within the format of this network, he participated in the work of groups studying different conflicts all over the world.As well as that, he was a member of special missions for international conflict studies, prevention and resolution. The organization founded by <mask> continues its membership in the GPPAC network, and is its representative in the

masks:
George Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili
George Khutsishvili
George Khutsishvili


title: George Khutsishvili

texts: Caucasus. The first NGO Congress was held in 2006 in Georgia, followed by the Second and Third NGO Congresses, in 2007 and 2008 respectively, in which Georgian NGOs participated extensively. After the Russian-Georgian War in August 2008, the post-war rounds of Georgian-Russian meetings and negotiations started on the initiative of professor <mask>, which later was called the Istanbul Process, being named so due to it being the first post-war meeting ever, which was held in Istanbul in November 2008. This very first meeting laid the foundation for expert dialogue, which is still going on within the same format. By means of this dialogue, experts have studied the fundamental reasons of the conflict and the ways towards its resolution, jointly. The materials of this Georgian-Russian dialogue, and the ways discussed of overcoming the crises, have already been published in a book.G<mask> was one of the initiators and a founder of the Public Constitutional Commission (PCC), www.konstitucia.ge), which was created in response to the existing political crisis in the country. This PCC united  constitutionalists and public figures of the country in 2009-2011. The Public Constitutional Commission developed a completely revised version of the Constitution for the country, which was free from political and party interests. This version of  the Constitution of Georgia, which was developed by the authorship of 17 commission members, was published on 9 April 2010 in a book form (an Expanded Concept of the New Edition of the Constitution of Georgia, Tbilisi, 9 April 2010, ).

masks:
George Khutsishvili
. Khutsishvili


title: George Khutsishvili

texts:
 Death
<mask> died unexpectedly on 4 October 2013 during a session of the commission for the selection of academic positions. Publications

The author of 20 monographs and co-author and/or compiling editor of many others; the author or co-author of more than 200 scientific articles published in Georgian, English and Russian languages, one fiction, and many social and political articles in newspapers. Books
Posthumous Publications
 2018 - <mask>, HOW TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS, BOOK IV, ICCN, Tbilisi, 2018. ; (in English);
 2018 - <mask>: Works on Philosophy, Book V, ICCN, Tbilisi, 2018. ; (in Russian);
Author, co-author, editor, publisher
 2013 - Research Paper “Russia-Georgia: reciprocal perception” (editor, head of research group), ICCN, Tbilisi, 2013. ; (in Russian and English languages);
 2013 - A Life dedicated to and Idea (author, editor and publisher).Tbilisi, 2013, The book is dedicated to the life and works of a renowned Georgian inventor Shota <mask>  whose main invention still awaits its proper assessment and recognition. , (in Georgian, Russian and English languages);
 2013 - The Diary of one seminarian, 1879-1882, Alexander Kipshidze (Proneli), (publisher), Tbilisi, 2013, ; (in Georgian language);
 2011 - Letters to the Family (1937-1957), (publisher), Tbilisi, 2011, , (in Georgian language);
 2011 - Russia and Georgia: The Ways Out of the Crisis; Россия и Грузия: Пути выхода из кризиса (editor and co-author). Tbilisi: ICCN & GPPAC,  (in English and Russian languages);
 2010 – In co-authorship, Authots: O.Benidze, O.Gamkrelidze, Ek.Gasitashvili, N.Gvenetadze,

masks:
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George Khutsishvili
George Khutsishvili
Khutsishvili


title: George Khutsishvili

texts:
 G.Inauri, V.Loria, L.Mukhashavria, M.Turava, M.Ugrekhelidze, Z.Koridze, Z.Kutsnashvili, N.Tsikhistavi, V.Dzabiradze, V.Khmaladze, G<mask>, Z.Jinjolava, Z.Jibgashvili - Enlarged Concept of a New Version of Georgian Constitution, Tbilisi, 2010, Georgia. , (in Georgian and English languages);
 2008 - Civil Society and the Rose Revolution in Georgia (editor and co-author), Tbilisi: Cordaid & ICCN, , (in English & Georgian languages);
 2008  - Minorities in Georgia: Situational Analysis Internally Displaced People, Muslim Meskhs, Religious Minorities, Ethnic Minorities (co-editor). EED & ICCN: Tbilisi , (in Georgian and English languages);
 2003 - Terrorism: What Should We Know About It? Tbilisi: ICCN & Friedrich Naumann Foundation , (in Georgian and Russian languages);
 2003 - In co-authorship with Feride Zurikashvili, Guguli Magradze, Nani Chanishvili, Revaz Jorbenadze. Conflict, Gender and Peacebuilding.Second Edition, UNIFEM: New York City & Tbilisi, , (in Georgian language);
 2002 - The Abkhazia Problem Reflected by Public Opinion: Findings of the Sociological Surveys in Georgia (2001-2002). Tbilisi ICCN (editor), , (in Georgian, Russian and English languages);
 2002 - In co-authorship with Nani Chanishvili, Revaz Jorbenadze, Guguli Magradze, Feride Zurikashvili. Conflict, Gender and Peacebuilding. First Edition, UNIFEM: New York & Tbilisi, , (in Georgian language);
 2002 - Prospects of Conflict Resolution in the South Caucasus: Findings of Sociological Surveys (editor and co-author). Tbilisi:ICCN & Friedrich Ebert Stiftung,  (in Russian and English language);
 2001


title: George Khutsishvili

texts:
 - <mask>, Rusudan Mshvidobadze, <mask>. Integration and Conflict Resolution in the South Caucasus: Reality or Illusion? (Findings of Sociological Surveys).Tbilisi: ICCN,  (in Russian language with English Summary);
 2000-2001 - How to Resolve Conflicts (ICCN Peace Education Series I-IV, editor). Tbilisi: ICCN, (I - ; II - ; III - ; IV - ), (in Georgian language);
 1999 - Restoring the Culture of Peace in the Caucasus : A Human Solidarity Document (editor), by Marina Pagava. Tbilisi: ICCN, , (in Georgian and English language);
 1998 - Understanding Conflict. Tbilisi: ICCN (editor & co-author); , (in English language);
 1997 - Developing a Regional Security Concept for the Caucasus. Materials of the NATO-ICCN Workshop (chair & co-author, ed). Tbilisi: ICCN, (in Georgian and English language);
 1989 - Genesis of the Structure of Theoretical Thinking. Tbilisi: Academic Press, 1989, , (in Russian language);
 1981 - The Problem of the Infinite in the Light of Modern Science.Tbilisi: Academic Press, 1981, X/10503/M607(06)-81/192-81, (in Russian language). Other

 S.O.S. (psychological story). На холмах Грузии (Литературный альманах). Tbilisi, No.12. 2010. Reprinted from Filosofskaya i Sociologicheskaya Mysl.(Publication of the Ukraine Academy of Sciences) Kyiv, #11, 1991. Originally published in the collection of Georgian writers “The House under the Plane Trees”. Tbilisi: Merani Publishers, 1988. Reprinted twice in Russian and once in Ukrainian; unpublished English translation made in USA is available from the author;
 2002 - Dali's Stairway to Heaven, or the Sacred

masks:
George Khutsishvili
George Nizharadze


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
Josef "<mask>" <mask> (; born 9 May 1945) is a German retired professional footballer and manager. As a player, he spent the majority of his career as a striker for Borussia Mönchengladbach in its golden era of the 1960s and '70s, where he won many national championships and the DFB-Pokal, as well as the UEFA Cup. During this period the team played in its only European Cup final in 1977, losing to Liverpool. He is the fourth-highest goalscorer in the history of the Bundesliga, with 220 goals. He was a member of the West Germany national team that won the UEFA European Championship and the FIFA World Cup in the first half of the 1970s. As manager, <mask> won four Bundesliga titles with Bayern Munich and two UEFA Champions Leagues; with Real Madrid in 1997–98 and Bayern in 2012–13. Playing career

Club level
Heynckes played 369 matches in the German Bundesliga, scoring 220 goals.His tally is the third highest in this league, after Gerd Müller's 365 goals and Klaus Fischer's 268. After playing for amateur club Grün-Weiß Holt as a youth, <mask> started his professional career in 1964 with his hometown club Borussia Mönchengladbach who were then in the second division. In 1965, the club, managed by Hennes Weisweiler, achieved promotion to the Bundesliga, with the teenaged striker scoring 23 goals in 25 matches in his debut season. In August 1965, <mask> scored his first two Bundesliga goals against SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin. He scored 27 Bundesliga goals in two seasons for Borussia before joining Hannover 96, where he spent three years and scored 25 times in 86 league matches. He returned to Mönchengladbach in 1970, with the club having just won the first league title in

masks: Jupp Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts: its history. With <mask>, who scored 19 times in 33 matches, Gladbach became the first club to retain the Bundesliga title in 1970–71.In the 1971–72 European Cup, <mask> scored twice in an extraordinary 7–1 win against Italian champions Inter Milan. The match, however, was forced to be replayed after a drinks can had been thrown onto the pitch by a spectator, hitting Inter's Roberto Boninsegna. Borussia drew the replayed home leg 0–0 and were eliminated 4–2 on aggregate. In 1973, after eliminating Dutch club Twente 5–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals, Borussia Mönchengladbach became the first German side to reach the final of the UEFA Cup. Borussia lost the away leg of the final against Liverpool 3–0 at Anfield, after the match initially had to be abandoned after 27 minutes due to a waterlogged pitch. During the match, <mask> had a penalty kick saved by Ray Clemence, denying his side a decisive away goal. In the return leg, <mask> scored both goals in Gladbach's 2–0 win.The English team, however, prevailed 3–2 on aggregate to lift the trophy. With 12 goals, <mask> was joint top scorer of the competition with Twente's Jan Jeuring. Despite disappointment in Europe, Gladbach ended the 1972–73 season with success in the DFB-Pokal final, beating 1. FC Köln at the Rheinstadion in Düsseldorf. In the 1973–74 season, <mask> was joint top goalscorer in the Bundesliga, alongside Gerd Müller, with 30 goals. His Mönchengladbach side finished second in the table, with Müller's Bayern Munich winning a record third consecutive Bundesliga title. <mask> was also the top scorer of the 1973–74 European Cup Winners' Cup with eight goals.In this competition, Borussia Mönchengladbach

masks: Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts: were knocked out in the semi-finals by Milan, losing 2–1 on aggregate. In 1974–75, die Fohlen won their third Bundesliga title, with <mask> finishing as the league's outright top goalscorer with 27 goals. The club also won its first European trophy with success in the UEFA Cup. After a 0–0 draw in the home leg of the final against Twente, <mask>, who missed the home match, scored a hat-trick in a 5–1 away win in Enschede. This victory made Gladbach the first German winners of the UEFA Cup. Again, <mask> was tournament top scorer, this time with ten goals. Altogether, <mask> scored 23 goals in 21 games in the UEFA Cup, making him the ninth-highest goalscorer in the history of the competition, and the only member of the top ten to have scored at a ratio of over a goal per game.After regaining the title, Weisweiler left Borussia to become manager of Barcelona. He was replaced by Udo Lattek, under whom <mask> would later begin his coaching career. Borussia Mönchengladbach went on to win the 1975–76 and 1976–77 Bundesliga titles, matching Bayern's feat of three titles in a row set earlier in the decade. In 1977, Borussia also reached its first European Cup final. In the previous season's competition, <mask> had been top scorer with six goals. In 1976–77 European Cup, he was less prolific, scoring only one goal in the first round match against Austria Wien. In the final, Gladbach again lost out to Liverpool, losing 3–1 at Rome's Stadio Olimpico.<mask> scored 18 goals in the 1977–78 Bundesliga season, including five in the record 12–0 win against Borussia Dortmund on the final day of the season. However, this was not enough to secure a fourth successive title, as 1. FC


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 Köln won their final match against FC St. Pauli 5–0 to take first place on goal difference. <mask> scored four goals in the 1977–78 European Cup as the team reached the semi-finals, where they were again defeated by Liverpool. Altogether, <mask> scored 51 goals in 64 matches in European club competitions. His average of 0.8 goals per match is only bettered by compatriot Gerd Müller, who achieved an average of 0.89 goals per match. <mask> ended his playing career in 1978 and began studying for his coaching licence at the Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln.During his club career, he won four Bundesliga titles, one DFB-Pokal and one UEFA Cup. He is the third-highest goalscorer in Bundesliga history and Borussia Mönchengladbach's top goalscorer in the competition with 195 goals. International level
<mask> made 39 appearances for the West Germany national team and scored 14 goals. In February 1967, he made his international debut at age 21, scoring in a 5–1 friendly win against Morocco. <mask> was a member of the West Germany team that won the 1972 UEFA European Championship, playing 90 minutes in the 3–0 win over the Soviet Union in the final. He was named by UEFA as one of seven German players in the official Team of the Tournament. <mask> was included in West Germany's squad for the 1974 FIFA World Cup, which was held in West Germany.Despite his excellent form at club level, however, he spent most of the tournament on the bench as Gerd Müller, the national team's all-time top goalscorer, was used as the starting centre forward by coach Helmut Schön. <mask> was in the starting line-up for West Germany's opening two fixtures against Chile and Australia but then played no


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 further part due to injury and die Nationalelf won their second World Cup, beating the Netherlands 2–1 in the final at Munich's Olympiastadion. In 2013, <mask> said of his experience at the 1974 World Cup, "I was in the starting lineup for the German national team competing for the World Cup, but after an injury I was sidelined for the entire final. This was the greatest disappointment of my life, but it spurred me on and became my greatest source of motivation." Managerial career

1979–91: Early career

Borussia Mönchengladbach
After his playing career, <mask> stayed with Borussia Mönchengladbach and served the club for eight more years, first as an assistant and then as a manager, succeeding Udo Lattek in this position in 1979 at age 34. <mask> took over on 1 July 1979 and in the 1979–80 season, <mask> led Mönchengladbach to the 1980 UEFA Cup final, where they lost to Eintracht Frankfurt. They won the first leg 3–2 and lost the second leg 1–0.in the league, Mönchengladbach finished in seventh place. The 1980–81 season started with a 2–1 loss to Fortuna Düsseldorf. During the 1980–81 season, Mönchengladbach defeated OSV Hannover, TuS Langerwehe, Bünder SV, and Atlas Delmenhorst to get to the quarter-final of the DFB-Pokal where they lost to 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Their seventh-place finish in the previous season failed to qualify them for a place in Europe. Mönchengladbach finished the league season in sixth place. The 1981–82 season started with a 4–2 loss to Werder Bremen on 8 August 1981.Then they went on a six-match undefeated streak. This included a 7–2 win against SSV Dillenburg in the DFB-Pokal. Again they reached the quarter-final of the DFB-Pokal. This

masks: Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts: time they were knocked out by 1. FC Nürnberg. They finished the league season in seventh place. They were knocked out of the UEFA Cup in the second round by Dundee United.They had knocked out 1. FC Magdeburg in the first round. Mönchengladbach finished the 1982–83 season in 12th place. Under <mask>, Mönchengladbach had finished in seventh place in 1980, sixth place in 1981 and seventh place in 1982. For the third consecutive season, Mönchengladbach was eliminated in the quarter-final of the DFB-Pokal. In the 1983–84 season, Die Fohlen finished third in the Bundesliga, missing out on the league title to VfB Stuttgart on goal difference. The team also reached the DFB-Pokal final, losing to Bayern Munich on penalties.Mönchengladbach finished the 1984–85 season in fourth place. They were eliminated in the second round of the UEFA Cup by Widzew Łódź and in the semi-final of the DFB-Pokal by Bayern Munich. Mönchengladbach finished the 1985–86 season in fourth place in the league. In the third-round of the UEFA Cup, Gladbach beat Real Madrid 5–1 at the Rheinstadion. However, a 4–0 loss at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in the second leg saw Borussia eliminated on the away goals rule. In 2013, <mask> described it as "the worst night of my career". In his final season in charge, <mask> led Mönchengladbach to another third-place finish and the UEFA Cup semi-final.Despite not winning a trophy during his spell as manager of his hometown club, a record that earned him the nickname "the champion without a title", he was appointed as manager of Bayern Munich in the summer of 1987, where he again succeeded the outgoing Udo Lattek. Heynckes finished with a record of 169 wins, 77

masks: Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 draws and 97 losses. Bayern Munich
Heynckes was manager of Bayern Munich between 1 July 1987 and 8 October 1991. In his first season, Bayern won the DFB-Supercup. Bayern defeated Hamburger SV 2–1. During the season, Bayern went on to lose out on the league title by four points to Werder Bremen and were eliminated in the quarter-finals of the DFB-Pokal and the European Cup. Bayern won back-to-back titles in 1988–89 and 1989–90 seasons.In the 1988–89 season, Bayern were eliminated in the round of 16 in the DFB-Pokal and the semi-final in the UEFA Cup. Bayern started the 1989–90 season with a 4–3 loss to Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Supercup on 25 July 1989. Then they defeated 1. FC Nürnberg 3–2 on matchday one on 29 July 1989. They were knocked out of the DFB-Pokal in the round of 16 and they were knocked out once again in the semi-final of the European Cup. This time by Milan. Bayern started the 1990–91 season by defeating 1.FC Kaiserslautern 4–1 in the DFB-Supercup on 31 July 1990. Then they were eliminated in the first round of the German Cup on 4 August 1990. In the European Cup Bayern were knocked out of a European semi-final for the third time in a row. This time by Red Star Belgrade. The club then achieved another second-placed finish in 1990–91 league season. Bayern started the 1991–92 season with a 1–1 draw against Werder Bremen. Bayern advanced to the second round of the UEFA Cup after eliminating Cork City.The first leg finished in a 1–1 draw and the second leg finished in a 2–0 win for Bayern. <mask> was fired by Bayern on 4 October 1991, after the team had won only four of its first 12 Bundesliga matches. His final match as coach was a 4–1 home defeat


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 to Stuttgarter Kickers. Bayern were in 12th place at the time of his sacking. The team continued to struggle after his departure, eventually finishing five points clear of relegation in tenth place. The decision to sack <mask> was later described by general manager Uli Hoeneß as "the biggest mistake of my career". Under <mask>, Bayern reached the semi-finals of the 1988–89 UEFA Cup, the 1989–90 European Cup and the 1990–91 European Cup.In each campaign, they were knocked out by the team which went on to win the competition. <mask> finished with a record of 113 wins, 46 draws and 39 losses. 1992–98: Coaching in Spain and return to Bundesliga

Athletic Bilbao
In 1992, he was appointed manager of Athletic Bilbao, becoming only the third German manager in Spain's La Liga after Hennes Weisweiler and Udo Lattek, both of whom managed Barcelona. <mask> managed his first match against Cádiz on 5 September 1992. He led them to an eighth-placed finish in his first season. They were eliminated in the third round of Copa del Rey. He led the Basque club to fifth spot in the league and qualification for the UEFA Cup in 1993–94.They were eliminated in the fourth round of the Copa del Rey. His final match was a 3–2 win against Tenerife. Eintracht Frankfurt
On 1 July 1994, <mask> returned to Germany to become manager of Eintracht Frankfurt and was manager until 2 April 1995. His first match was a 6–0 win against I. SC Göttingen 05 in the first round of the German Cup. <mask>' spell at the Eintracht was problematic and he clashed with the club's star players Anthony Yeboah, Jay-Jay Okocha and Maurizio Gaudino. In December 1994, the three players were punished for a perceived lack of

masks: Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 effort with extra training sessions. Because of this the players refused to play in Eintracht's next match against Hamburger SV and were suspended indefinitely by the club.Gaudino was loaned out to Manchester City later in the month and Yeboah was sold to Leeds United in January 1995. Okocha was later allowed to return to the team before leaving for Fenerbahçe S.K. in 1996. <mask>kes finished with a record of 12 wins, 10 draws and 12 losses. Tenerife and Real Madrid
In 1995, <mask> returned to Spain to take over at Tenerife. He won his first match as manager against Sevilla on 2 September 1995.In his first season he led the team from the Canary Islands into the UEFA Cup with a fifth-placed finish in La Liga. In the Copa del Rey, they got to the quarter-finals where they lost to Atlético Madrid. The following season the club finished ninth in La Liga and reached the semi-finals of the UEFA Cup, where they were beaten by eventual winners Schalke 04. In the Copa del Rey, Tenerife had a bye until the fourth round where they were eliminated by Real Betis after losing both legs of the tie. In June 1997, <mask> was hired by the Spanish champions Real Madrid. His first match was a 2–1 loss to Barcelona in the first leg of the Spanish Super Cup. Real Madrid would go on to win the Super Cup after winning the second leg 4–1.Real Madrid were knocked out of the Copa del Rey in the round of 16. There, he celebrated one of his greatest triumphs, as Madrid beat Juventus 1–0 in the UEFA Champions League Final for their first European Cup victory since 1966. However, the lack of domestic success – finishing fourth, eleven points behind champions Barcelona – saw his tenure

masks: Heynckesnc Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 terminated at the end of the season. 1999–2003: Benfica and return to Athletic
After his dismissal by Real Madrid, <mask> took a year out of football before joining Portuguese club Benfica for the 1999–2000 season. <mask> replaced Graeme Souness. Benfica finished third in <mask>' only full season in charge and were knocked out of the UEFA Cup at the third round with an 8–1 aggregate defeat by Celta de Vigo, losing the first leg 7–0. They were knocked out in the round of 16 of the Portuguese Cup.After releasing club icon and captain João Pinto, who then joined Lisbon rivals Sporting CP, after transfer listing him. <mask> became unpopular with the Benfica fans and left the club by mutual agreement in September 2000. His final match at the club was a 2–1 win against Estrela Amadora on 17 September 2000. Benfica were tied for seventh place at the time of his departure. In 2001, <mask> returned to Athletic Bilbao for a second spell as coach. In the 2001–02 season, Athletic finished tenth in La Liga, missing out on qualification to the UEFA Cup by a point, and reached the semi-finals of the Copa del Rey. The following season, Athletic secured a seventh-place finish, again finishing one point short of UEFA Cup qualification.They were eliminated in the second round of the Copa del Rey. In June 2003, <mask> left Athletic to become head coach of Schalke 04. 2003–07: Return to the Bundesliga

Schalke
In 2003, after eight years managing in Iberia, <mask>kes said "Schalke is something special, for many it is like a religion, for me it is an absolutely ideal position." His first match was a 1–0 win against Dacia Chișinău on 19 July 2003 in the Intertoto Cup. His first league

masks: Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckesnc


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 match was a 2–2 draw against Borussia Dortmund on 2 August 2003. Despite targeting a top five finish upon his appointment, Schalke were eliminated in the second round of the German Cup by SC Freiburg.Freiburg won 7–3 and scored four goals in extra time. Schalke finished the 2003–04 season in seventh place in the Bundesliga. Schalke started 2004–05 season with a 5–0 win against Vardar on 17 July 2004 in the Intertoto Cup. Schalke defeated Hertha BSC II in the first round of the DFB-Pokal. Schalke started the league season in the relegation zone after losing three of their opening four league matches. On 15 September 2004, <mask> was fired by the club's general manager Rudi Assauer. <mask> finished with a record of 28 wins, 14 draws and 15 losses.Borussia Mönchengladbach
In May 2006, <mask> returned to manage Borussia Mönchengladbach, the club where he had begun his career as both a player and manager. <mask>' first match was a 2–0 win against Energie Cottbus on 12 August 2006. <mask>' comeback started well, with Gladbach in fifth position in the Bundesliga at the end of the seventh matchday after winning each of their opening four home matches. He resigned on 31 January 2007, however, after 14-straight Bundesliga matches without a win saw Borussia drop to 17th place in the table. with the coach requiring police protection for matches against VfL Bochum and Energie Cottbus in the previous month. On departing Borussia, <mask> refused a pay-off and returned his company car to the club office freshly cleaned and with a full tank of petrol. In May 2013, upon returning to Borussia-Park for his originally final match as a Bundesliga coach, <mask> said, "This is my


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 club.It's where I started as a 19-year-old professional, then worked as a coach. Since then I have come full circle. Mönchengladbach is my home town, I spent 23 years at the club, so this will not be just a normal game for me." The team's fortunes did not improve after <mask>' departure and the club was relegated at the end of the season, finishing last in the Bundesliga table. Heynckes finished with a record of 5 wins, 4 draws and 12 losses. 2009–13: Final years

Caretaker role at Bayern Munich
After over two years out of football, <mask> came out of retirement and returned to football in April 2009, becoming caretaker manager of his former club Bayern Munich, replacing the sacked Jürgen Klinsmann. Bayern were in danger of missing out on qualification for the Champions League upon <mask>' appointment, but the team won four and drew one of its remaining matches, finishing second in the Bundesliga, two points behind champions VfL Wolfsburg.The four Bayern wins were against Borussia Mönchengladbach, Energie Cottbus, Bayer Leverkusen, and VfB Stuttgart. The draw was against 1899 Hoffenheim. Bayer Leverkusen

On 5 June 2009, <mask> signed a two-year contract to manage Bayer Leverkusen. <mask>' first match was a 1–0 German Cup win against SV Babelsberg 03 on 31 July 2009. Bayer Leverkusen were eventually eliminated by Kaiserslautern in the second round. The team started the season with a record 24 Bundesliga matches unbeaten, challenging Bayern Munich for the league title. The team's unbeaten record finally came to an end in March 2010 with a 3–2 defeat at 1.FC Nürnberg, after which Leverkusen only won two of their final nine matches and finished in fourth place. In

masks: Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 the 2010–11 season, Leverkusen finished runner-up in the Bundesliga to Borussia Dortmund, thus qualifying for the Champions League for the first time since 2005. It was also the club's highest final league position since the 2001–02 season. They were knocked out in the second round of the DFB-Pokal for the second consecutive season. They also reached the round of 16 in the Europa League. Despite his success, <mask> decided not to extend his contract and left Bayer Leverkusen in the 2011 close season to take over at Bayern Munich for a third time. On 25 March 2011, it was announced that <mask> would be replacing Louis van Gaal as the manager of Bayern Munich at the beginning of the 2011–12 season.At the age of 66, he was the oldest coach in the Bundesliga. <mask> took over a team which had finished third in the 2010–11 Bundesliga, three points behind his Bayer Leverkusen side. He finished with a record of 44 wins, 26 draws and 14 losses at Bayer Leverkusen. 2011–13: Third stint at Bayern Munich

2011–12 season

<mask>' first match was a 3–0 win against Eintracht Braunschweig in the first round of the 2011–12 DFB-Pokal. Bayern started the league season with a surprise 1–0 defeat to <mask>' former club Borussia Mönchengladbach at the Allianz Arena, before six consecutive Bundesliga wins without conceding took them to the top of the table. In all competitions, Bayern kept 12 consecutive clean sheets, including four Champions League matches, the last of which came in a 4–0 win over Hertha BSC. This run of good form ended with a 2–1 defeat to Hannover 96, and losses to Borussia Dortmund and Mainz 05 soon followed, allowing Dortmund, the previous season's champions, to


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 overtake Bayern at the top of the table.Bayern briefly regained top spot in January and February, but after the Bavarians' draw with Hamburger SV on matchday 20, Dortmund again gained first position and went on to retain their title by eight points, ending the season on a 28-match unbeaten run. On 17 March 2012, <mask> oversaw his 600th Bundesliga match as manager, a 6–0 victory over Hertha BSC. His opposing coach that day, Otto Rehhagel, is the only coach who has managed more Bundesliga matches, with over 800. After finishing the Bundesliga season in second place, Bayern faced champions Dortmund in the 2012 DFB-Pokal final, losing 5–2. Despite their disappointments in domestic competitions, <mask>' Bayern had qualified for the 2012 Champions League Final in April 2012, defeating Real Madrid on penalty kicks in the semi-finals. In the final, held at the Allianz Arena, die Roten faced English club Chelsea. Despite controlling most of the match and taking a 1–0 lead in the 83rd minute, Bayern lost the match 4–3 on penalties.This meant that Bayern had finished as runners-up in all three major competitions in which they had competed in 2011–12. 2012–13 season

Bayern started the 2012–13 season by defeating Borussia Dortmund 2–1 in the DFL-Supercup. It was a significant result as the Bavarians had lost all three encounters with die Schwarzgelben in the previous season, and the last five encounters between the clubs overall. Bayern's Bundesliga campaign began with a record-breaking eight consecutive wins before they suffered their only league defeat of the season at Bayer Leverkusen. Bayern quickly regained form and went into the winter break nine points clear at the

masks: Heynckes Heynckes


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts: top of the table. On 16 January 2013, Bayern announced that former Barcelona coach Pep Guardiola would replace <mask> in July 2013. General manager Uli Hoeneß later stated that it was not <mask>' decision to leave Bayern at the end of the season and was forced by the club's wish to appoint Guardiola.Though the club's press release announcing Bayern's agreement with Guardiola had claimed <mask> would be retiring on the expiration of his contract, he stated he would not make a decision on his future until the end of the season. After returning from the winter break, Bayern only dropped two points in the entire second half of the Bundesliga season, winning 14 consecutive matches from January onwards and being confirmed as champions on 6 April 2013. This was the earliest a team had ever won the Bundesliga, and Bayern broke several other records during the season including; most points in a season (91), highest league winning points margin (25), most wins in a season (29), longest winning streak in a season (14), most clean sheets in a season (21), best goal difference in a season (+80) and fewest goals conceded in a season (18). The team scored in every match and suffered only one defeat. On 23 February 2013, <mask> participated in his 1,000th Bundesliga match as player and manager combined, making him the man with the second most appearances in Bundesliga history. On 14 May 2013, he took charge of a Bundesliga match for what he claimed to be the final time. Fittingly, the match was away at Borussia Mönchengladbach, <mask>' hometown club who he served for over 20 years as a player and coach.In the Champions League, Bayern faced Barcelona at the semi-final stage,


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts: thrashing the favourites 7–0 on aggregate to reach a second successive final. The performance was seen as a display of physical and tactical superiority of Bayern over Barcelona. In the 2013 Champions League final, <mask>' Bayern defeated Bundesliga rivals Borussia Dortmund 2–1 at Wembley Stadium, making him the fourth manager (after Ernst Happel, Ottmar Hitzfeld, and José Mourinho) to win the competition with two clubs. On 1 June 2013, <mask> took charge of Bayern for the last time in the 2013 DFB-Pokal final against VfB Stuttgart. Bayern won the match 3–2, becoming the first German club to complete the treble of the domestic league, the domestic cup and the European Cup. Former Bayern and West Germany captain Franz Beckenbauer, who led die Roten to three consecutive European Cup wins in the 1970s, called <mask>' 2012–13 side "the best Bayern team ever", a view shared by the club's legendary forward Karl-Heinz Rummenigge. He finished with a record of 83 wins, 12 draws, and 14 losses.Consequently, he won the FIFA World Coach of the Year 2013 finishing ahead of Jürgen Klopp (second) and Sir Alex Ferguson (third). On 4 June 2013, <mask> announced he would not coach a team during the 2013–14 season. On 21 June, in an interview with Der Spiegel, <mask> said, "After everything that's happened over the past two years, I'm ready for some peace and quiet. After this string of successes, I could transfer to just about any club in Europe. I have a problem with the finality of saying 'never'. But I can assure you that I have no intention of coaching again. I had a worthy ending."He was replaced by Pep Guardiola, who had his first training session on 26 June 2013. 2017–18:


title: Jupp Heynckes

texts:
 Return to management

Fourth stint at Bayern

On 6 October 2017, <mask> was appointed Bayern Munich manager until the end of the 2017–18 season. Carlo Ancelotti was dismissed and Willy Sagnol managed the team on 1 October against Hertha BSC. <mask> officially took the role on 9 October. His first match in his fourth stint was a 5–0 win against Freiburg. On 4 April 2018, <mask> set a new Champions League record of most consecutive wins as a manager with twelve wins by defeating Sevilla in the quarter-final 1st leg match in 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, surpassing the record of ten wins in a row set by Louis van Gaal and Carlo Ancelotti. Bayern president Uli Hoeneß said numerous times in interviews that he wanted <mask> to stay as manager for the 2018–19 season.<mask> said in an interview with Sport Bild that he was only going to manage Bayern until the end of the season. <mask> managed Bayern in 26 Bundesliga matches. He won 22, lost three and one match ended with a draw. In the Champions League, <mask> was in charge of 10 matches. He won seven, lost one and two matches ended with a draw. His only defeat was against his old club, Real Madrid, in the first leg in the semi-finals. Retirement

<mask> retired at the end of the 2017–18 season.In his career, <mask> managed 1,265 matches in all competitions and in three leagues. He managed 668 Bundesliga matches with five clubs, won 343, lost 164 and drew 161 matches. <mask> managed 200 La Liga matches with three clubs. In La Liga, he won 79, lost 62 and drew 59 matches. He also managed 38 matches in the Primeira Liga with Benfica, winning 23 matches, losing 8 and drawing 7 matches. Trivia

<mask>' face is known to

masks: Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes Heynckes


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
<mask><mask>) Kőszegi from the kindred Héder (, , ; died 26/29 September 1274), commonly known as <mask>, was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century, founder and first member of the powerful Kőszegi family. <mask> was one of the most notable earlier "oligarchs", who ruled de facto independently their dominion during the era of feudal anarchy. In his early career, <mask> was the most loyal sidekick for King Béla IV, who drifted into a civil war with his son and heir Duke Stephen. Following the death of Béla IV in 1270, <mask> went into exile to Bohemia. Stephen V died suddenly in 1272 thus <mask> was able to return to Hungary. He became a central figure in the internal conflicts between the rival baronial groups. He brutally massacred Béla of Macsó in November 1272 and later also kidnapped the six-year-old Duke Andrew in July 1274.<mask> was killed in the Battle of Föveny in September 1274. 19th-century historiography incorrectly referred to him as <mask> of Németújvár (or Güssing). Ancestry and early life
<mask>szegi was born in the late 1210s into the gens (clan) Héder, which originated from two German knights, Wolfer and Héder, who came from Hainburg in the Duchy of Swabia to the Kingdom of Hungary during the reign of Géza II of Hungary, according to the Illuminated Chronicle, which preserved the narration of <mask>'s contemporary, the chronicler Ákos. Other works present different origin theories, Simon of Kéza's Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum writes that the brothers came from "Vildonia", referring to Burgruine Wildon in Styria,

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Henry (
I
Henry the Great
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry Kő
Henry


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
 however the castle itself was built only after 1157 thus that identification is incorrect. Johannes de Thurocz says in his work Chronica Hungarorum that the two knights originated from Hainburg of "Alemannia", therefore the Duchy of Swabia. Majority of the historians accept the version presented by Ákos and the Illuminated Chronicle. <mask>'s father was <mask> (I), the grandson of the elder brother, Wolfer (died around 1157), founder of the Benedictine Abbey of Küszén (later Németújvár, present-day Burg Güssing in Austria).The landholdings of <mask>, Sr. laid along the river Lendva (Ledava) near the Western border with Austria. He appears in some documents in the period between 1208 and 1212. He possessed the right of patronage of the Benedictine Abbey of Kapornak too. <mask> (II) was the only known son of him. By name, he is first mentioned by a contemporary record in 1237, along with his cousins, Hencse II and Virunt (or Werenherth), when they were co-patrons of the Kapornak Abbey (thus <mask>, Sr. was definitely deceased by then). King Béla's partisan

Rise to power

<mask>'s early career is largely unknown. According to historian Jenő Szűcs, he belonged to Béla IV's accompaniment, who fled Hungary through Transdanubia, escaping from the invading Mongols after the disastrous Battle of Mohi in 1241.It is possible that the young <mask>, whose inherited lands laid in the escape route along the Austrian border, entered court service there and remained a member of the escort in Dalmatia, where Béla and his family took refugee in the well-fortified towns on the coast

masks: Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: of the Adriatic Sea. Without any doubt as to his identity, <mask> first appears in contemporary documents in 1244, when he was made ispán of Vas County. He held the position at least until December 1245 (but it is plausible he served in this capacity until 1247). Thereafter, he functioned as ispán of Somogy County from 1247 to 1260. Meanwhile, <mask> became one of the most powerful barons of the realm, when he was appointed Judge royal in 1254, the second most prestigious office in the royal court. He held the dignity until June/November 1260. His deputy was vice-judge royal Nicholas Tengerdi at least from 1256.<mask> participated in the royal campaign in the summer of 1260, when Béla and his allies invaded Moravia, but Ottokar <mask> vanquished them in the Battle of Kressenbrunn on 12 July 1260. The defeat forced Béla to renounce Styria in favor of the King of Bohemia in the Peace of Vienna, which was signed on 31 March 1261. Vas County became the centre and territorial base for his future expansions and acquisitions of landholdings in all directions throughout Western Transdanubia, which elevated into a large-scale contiguous and coherent territorial province by the end of the 13th century. It was <mask>, who built the castles of Szentvid and Szalónak (present-day Stadtschlaining, Austria) in the county. Receiving large-scale personal land donations for his military career and loyalty in the upcoming decades, he was the founder and first member of the Kőszegi family (formerly incorrectly also called Németújvári or Güssingi in historiography), which had dominated

masks: Henry Henry Henry II Henry


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: the northwestern part of Vas County and their lands were arranged around significant fortresses, for instance Borostyánkő (today Bernstein in Austria) and the eponymous Kőszeg, which was developed into an advanced trading town under <mask>'s domination, who granted town privileges to the settlement and moved his permanent residence there after a construction of a well-fortified castle. With Béla's support and generous donations, <mask>i established his lordship independently of his kinship and did not rely on the clan's formerly acquired landholdings in the opposite parts of Vas County. <mask>i and his descendants had become the dominant power of whole Transdanubia within decades, spreading from their paterfamilias' first acquired lands in Vas County.By 1270, <mask> owned the forts of Kőszeg, Szentvid, Szalónak, Borostyánkő, Kertes (Pinkakertes, today a borough of Eberau, Austria), in addition to the castles of the late "Farkas of Zagorje" and possibly Léka (today Lockenhaus in Austria). However, <mask> never possessed the fort of Németújvár (Burg Güssing) in his lifetime; it was regained only by his son, <mask> for the Héder clan after almost a century, in the early 1280s. Thus the earlier Hungarian historiographical efforts to call the family as "Németújváris" or "Güssingis" (and also "Küszinis") is unfounded and anachronistic; nevertheless, they are still appear as "Güssingers" in German-language academic works. In contemporary records, they were referred to as "generacio Heyderici" (1265) or "genus Heydrich" (1279). <mask>i had four sons from his unidentified

masks:
Henry
Henry Keg
Henry Kőeg
Henry
Henry
Ivan
Henry Kszeg


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
 wife. Nicholas I and the aforementioned <mask> were also elevated into high dignities during the age of the late Árpáds, while Peter served as the Bishop of Veszprém from 1275 till his murder in 1289. They were born roughly in the 1240s.Historian Attila Zsoldos argues, the fourth son, <mask> II was much more younger than his brothers (thus born possibly in the second half of the 1250s); he first appeared in contemporary records more than a decade after the first mention of his brothers, who exerted active political and military activity by then. Zsoldos considers <mask> II was born from a potential second marriage of his father. <mask> also had an unnamed daughter, who married Demetrius Csák, Count of Bakony and was the mother of Dominican friar, Blessed Maurice Csák. She later entered the Dominican nuns of Margaret Island. Palatine of Hungary
<mask>i replaced Béla's another faithful partisan, Roland Rátót as Palatine of Hungary and ispán of Pozsony County in the autumn of 1260. During his tenure, <mask> performed his judicial powers in the western part of Hungary. Pursuing his predecessor activity in Northwest Hungary, he judged over lawsuits in Pozsony, Győr and Zala counties in 1260 and 1261.He also became the owner of Modor (present-day Modra, Slovakia). During that time tensions emerged between King Béla <mask> and his eldest son Stephen. Béla's favoritism towards his younger son, Béla (whom he appointed Duke of Slavonia) and daughter, Anna irritated Stephen, who was proved to be more skilled and capable military leader than his father. Their deteriorating

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Ivan
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry Kőszeg
Henry
IV


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: relationship caused a civil war lasting until 1266. After a brief conflict, Béla <mask> and his son divided the country and Stephen received the lands to the east of the Danube in 1262, who also adopted the title of junior king. Because of the war conditions, <mask> was not able to exercise his judicial powers and only four known charters were preserved during the remaining period of his term as Palatine. The relationship between father and son remained tense, and the reconciliation of Stephen and his father was only temporary.The junior king seized and confiscated the domains of his mother and sister, Anna, which were located in the lands under his rule. Béla <mask>'s army crossed the Danube under Anna's command sometime after the autumn of 1264, which marked the beginning of the civil war between father and son. <mask>i was one of the staunchest supporters of Béla during the conflict and gradually rose to prominence in the royal council thereafter. Historian Attila Zsoldos considers <mask> acted as actual general of the royal troops under the nominal command of Duchess Anna, which consisted the northern corps of Béla's royal army during the civil war. Nevertheless, Anna's army occupied the fort of Patak (ruin near Sátoraljaújhely) and captured Stephen's wife, Elizabeth the Cuman and children, including the future Ladislaus IV. Thereafter, <mask> and his troops began to besiege and occupy Stephen's castles one after another in the eastern parts of Upper Hungary, while a small unit recovered Anna's formerly confiscated estates in Bereg County. After the fall of

masks:
IV
Henry
IV
Henry Kőszeg
Henry
Henry


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: Patak, Duke Stephen sent his faithful soldier Peter Csák to the northern parts of the junior king's realm, who successfully besieged and regained the fort of Baranka (today ruins in Ukraine) from <mask>'s troops.Simultaneously, a detachment of the royal army, under the command of Béla's Judge royal Lawrence, son of Kemény forced Duke Stephen to retreat as far as the fortress at Feketehalom (Codlea, Romania) in the easternmost corner of Transylvania. The king-junior's partisans relieved the castle and he started a counter-attack in the autumn against <mask>'s army in Northern Hungary, who presumably received no news of the defeat of Lawrence's besiegers. Because of the prolonged siege of Feketehalom (which, in fact, failed by then) <mask>i sent a skillful military general Ernye Ákos with an army of Cuman warriors to Tiszántúl, in order to support the besiegers and, later, to hinder Duke Stephen's counter-offensive. The battle took place somewhere west of Várad (present-day Oradea, Romania) in February 1265. Ernye suffered a serious defeat and was himself captured by the enemy, Peter Csák's army. <mask>'s main army was forced to retreat to the center of the kingdom thereafter, as Stephen's army crossed the Tisza at Várkony and marched into Transdanubia. According to Jans der Enikel, a contemporary Austrian chronicler, <mask>'s army consisted of the whole royal army of Béla IV, complemented by an auxiliary troops of 1,000 men under the leadership of <mask>, the rector of Buda, who was sent to the scene by Béla's spouse, Queen Maria.Anna's son, Béla of Macsó was

masks:
Henry
Henry
Henry Kőeg
Henry
Henry
Henry Preussel


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
 appointed nominal general of the royal army, with his lieutenants <mask>i and <mask>el, but the effective leadership remained in <mask>i's hands. Stephen and his army gained a decisive victory over his father's army in the Battle of Isaszeg in March 1265. Béla of Macsó was able to flee the battlefield, while <mask>i was taken prisoner by a young courtly knight, Reynold Básztély, who knocked the powerful lord out of the horse's saddle with his lance and captured him on the ground. <mask> was also captured alive following the battle, however he was executed shortly afterwards. Two of <mask>'s sons, Nicholas and <mask> were also captured (they first appear in contemporary document in this battle). Alongside other captives, the three fettered Kőszegis were presented in Stephen's ducal court shortly after the clash. <mask> and his sons were being held as prisoners and after the Battle of Isaszeg, Béla IV was forced to accept the authority of Stephen in the eastern parts of the kingdom.On 23 March 1266, father and son confirmed the peace in the Convent of the Blessed Virgin on 'Rabbits' Island and <mask> and his two sons, alongside others, were released from captivity. Ban of Slavonia
After his release, <mask> was dismissed as Palatine of Hungary and ispán of Pozsony County around February 1267. Nevertheless, he retained his influence at the royal court during the transition months. During the civil war in Hungary, Stephen's vassal, Despot Jacob Svetoslav submitted himself to Tsar Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria. In the summer of 1266, Stephen invaded Bulgaria, seized

masks:
Henry Kőszeg
Henry Preuss
Henry Keg
Henry Keg
Henry Preussel
Henry
Ivan
Henry
Henry
Henry


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: Vidin, Pleven and other forts and routed the Bulgarians in five battles. The ban, Roland Rátót also participated in a campaign against the Second Bulgarian Empire. However, despite the former agreement, Roland soon became a political victim of the rivalry between Béla <mask> and Stephen.Under the "influence of loyal barons' intrigues", as a later document notes, King Béla dismissed Roland and replaced him with <mask>i. His estates were also plundered and destroyed in Slavonia. <mask>i first appears in this dignity in early September 1267, and thus he became also a tutor and viceroy of the young Béla, who was still styled as Duke of Slavonia. Béla and Stephen together confirmed the liberties of the "royal servants", from then on known as noblemen, in the summer of 1267. <mask> was among the barons, who were present in Esztergom, then Óbuda (September) during that time. According to historian Attila Zsoldos, it was, in fact, a military mobilization and <mask> was among the barons, who advocated a next war against Duke Stephen. However, the mobilized royal servants were not enthusiastic about another internal conflict, instead they demanded the recognition of their rights and privileges from Béla, and the name of the absent duke was included in the charter at their request.As Ban of Slavonia, <mask>i continued his predecessors' activity and minted his own marten-adorned silver denarius in whole Slavonia, the so-called banovac or banski denar. His coins, with the initials "h-R", were minted in the royal mintage at Zagreb (in present-day Croatia), thus also called

masks:
IV
Henry Kőszeg
Henry Kőszeg
Henry
Henry
Henry Kőszeg


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
 "denarius zagrabiensis". It is plausible that <mask> acquired the above-mentioned castles of "Farkas of Zagorje", possibly including Krapina (Korpona), in Varaždin County during his term as ban. King Béla's favorite son, Duke Béla of Slavonia reached adulthood and started to govern his duchy from 1268, subordinating <mask>. However, the young Béla died in the summer of 1269. <mask>'s patron Béla IV also died on Rabbits' Island on 3 May 1270. Exile
After Béla's death, Duchess Anna seized the royal treasury and fled to Bohemia.Stephen arrived to Buda within days. He nominated his own partisans to the highest offices; <mask>i was replaced as Ban of Slavonia by Joachim Gutkeled. Nevertheless, it is plausible that <mask> attended the coronation of Stephen V and formally swore an oath of allegiance to the new monarch on 17 May. The castles and estates along the Austrian border became a buffer zone due to the constant threat by Ottokar's expansionist ambitions. After his coronation, Stephen V met Ottokar <mask> near Pressburg (present-day Bratislava, Slovakia), where they concluded a truce. After that, he resided in Vas County and attempted to reconcile his late father's old partisans, including <mask> and Lawrence Aba, and appointed royal castellans to the border forts due to the threat of war with Bohemia. However, one of the local lords, Nicholas Hahót garrisoned Styrian soldiers in his fort at Pölöske, and made plundering raids against the nearby villages.Stephen's intention to avoid confrontation with the pro-Béla Western Transdanubian lords was thwarted by Nicholas

masks:
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry Kőszeg
Henry
II
Henry Kőszegi


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: Hahót's insurgency. Although his rebellion was crushed within days by late November, Zsoldos argues the revolt and its suppression resulted that, instead of peaceful conciliation, several lords, who possessed lands along the border, including <mask>i and his sons, Lawrence Aba and Nicholas Geregye, followed Duchess Anna into exile to Bohemia and handed their castles to Ottokar II, who placed the treasonous nobles under his protection. The Hungarian monarch, who saw the power machinations and aspirations of Ottokar behind Hahót's revolt, launched a plundering raid into Austria around 21 December 1270. The raid escalated into war by the spring of 1271, when Ottokar invaded the lands north of the Danube in April 1271 and captured a number of important fortresses in Upper Hungary. Ottokar routed Stephen at Pressburg on 9 May, and at Mosonmagyaróvár on 15 May, but Stephen won the decisive battle on the Rábca River on 21 May. The two kings' envoys reached an agreement in Pressburg on 2 July. According to their treaty, Stephen promised that he would not assist Ottokar's opponents in Carinthia, and Ottokar renounced the castles he and his partisans held in Hungary.Though the Bohemian king renounced its claims on territories conquered in Hungary, the Kőszegis, strengthening with Bohemian and Styrian defenders, refused to give back their castles along the western border. As a result, royal general Gregory Monoszló led a royal army to successfully besiege and capture <mask>őszegi's four castles (including Kőszeg and Borostyánkő) in August 1271. <mask>i spent his two-year

masks:
Henry Kőeg
Henry K
Henry Kőszeg


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: exile at the Bohemian court in Prague. During that time, he married an unidentified daughter of the late powerful Bohemian lord, Smil von Lichtenburg () in 1270. Ban Joachim Gutkeled kidnapped Stephen's ten-year-old son and heir, Ladislaus and imprisoned him in the castle of Koprivnica in the summer of 1272. Stephen besieged the fortress, but could not capture it. The king fell ill and was taken to the Csepel Island.He died on 6 August 1272. Joachim Gutkeled departed for Székesfehérvár as soon as he was informed of Stephen V's death, because he wanted to arrange Ladislaus' coronation. Stephen's widow, Elizabeth the Cuman joined him, infuriating Stephen V's partisans who accused her of having conspired against her husband. A prominent baron, Egyed Monoszló, laid siege in late August to the Dowager Queen's palace in Székesfehérvár to "rescue" Ladislaus from the rival baronial group's influence, but his action ended in failure as the Gutkeled troops routed his army after some clashes and bloodshed. As an Austrian chronicler wrote, Egyed, "fear of the Queen's revenge", fled to Pressburg, alongside his brother, Gregory. They captured the castle and its surrounding areas and handed over to Ottokar <mask> who provided shelter to them. The Monoszló brothers were granted castles in Austria by Ottokar, who also commissioned them to administrate Pressburg and the adjacent forts.This favorable treatment infuriated <mask>, who was overshadowed in the Bohemian court by then and he waited in vain for the king to recover his lost castles in Hungary. As a result, he decided to

masks:
II
Henry Kőszegi


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
 return Hungary and joined Elizabeth and Joachim's baronial group, despite the former ancient hostilities. He and his sons fled Prague in the autumn of 1272; <mask> banished his Moravian wife and unilaterally annulled his marriage. Feudal anarchy

Royal assassin

Ladislaus IV was crowned king in Székesfehérvár on about 3 September 1272. In theory, the 10-year-old Ladislaus ruled under his mother's regency, but in fact, baronial parties administered the kingdom, who fought against each other for supreme power. <mask> arrived to Hungary in early November. He asked for audience at the royal court in Buda and swore loyalty to the queen regent.Despite his previous betrayal, his welcome was cordial, <mask> received forgiveness from Elizabeth and the Kőszegis' confiscated lands were regained. However, he did not get an office or dignity in the royal council. Béla of Macsó, who governed the southern provinces of the Kingdom of Hungary, also appeared in the royal court in order to demand more power, direct and respectful influence in the affairs of the realm. By that time, he was the closest and only adult male relative of the young king in Hungary. Elizabeth and the royal council convened a summit to the Dominican convent on 'Rabbits' Island by mid-November. <mask>i also attended the event. Following a sharp dispute, he and his retinue brutally assassinated Duke Béla.<mask> drew his sword and slew the young prince, leaving no chance for resistance or the intervention of Béla's partisans. The lord and his companion continued the beastly act even after Béla's body, plunged

masks:
Henry
Henry Kőegi
Henry
Henry Keg
Henry


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: with countless deadly wounds, fell to the floor. They furiously chopped the corpse into pieces, which later the Dominican nuns (including Béla's sister Margaret and niece Elizabeth) could barely collect. <mask>'s act was the second assassination against a member of the Hungarian royal family after Queen Gertrude's murder in 1213. Together with Ladislaus' kidnapping by Joachim Gutkeled a few months earlier, it marked the beginning of a new era in the Kingdom of Hungary, called "feudal anarchy", which lasted until the 1320s and was characterized by the crisis of royal authority, constant struggles for power and the emergence of oligarchic territorial provinces. <mask>őszegi had multiple motivations for deliberate preparation for murder. The intensity and brutality of the murder is indicated by personal anger that has escalated since the Battle of Isaszeg, when Béla managed to flee the battlefield, leaving behind his lieutenants, including the captured <mask>.During the meeting, <mask> accused Béla of treason, who presumably contacted with Ottokar II through his mother Duchess Anna, who was still residing in Prague, to stabilize the domestic political crisis. Despite their lese-majesty and the personal presence of Queen Elizabeth and the minor Ladislaus, <mask> and his accomplices were free to leave the crime scene. Béla of Macsó was, in fact, in the path of every aspirant baronial groups (including the queen regent), as he was the only capable male adult member of the dynasty. As a result, no retaliation followed the assassination, which strengthened <mask>i's

masks:
Henry
Henry K
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry Kőeg


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
 political positions. Béla's province, the rich and extensive Duchy of Macsó was divided among the members of the leading noble families within two weeks. <mask> became Ban of Ban of Ozora and Só in this process (present-day Usora and Soli in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina, respectively), holding both dignities until the end of March 1273. Struggle for power
Immediately after the assassination, <mask>i has made an alliance with Joachim Gutkeled and the Geregye brothers, forming one of the two main baronial groups, while the other one was dominated by the Csák and Monoszló clans.During the nominal regency of Queen Elizabeth the Cuman, both sides wished to take part in the exercise of power. The rivalry between the two parties characterized the following years. According to historian Bálint Hóman, twelve "changes of government" took place in the first five regnal years of Ladislaus IV. As historian Jenő Szűcs analyzed, the elderly honored barons, who were made palatines and other chief officials during that time, such Denis Péc, Ernye Ákos and Roland Rátót were functioned as stable points and "beauty spot" in the fast-changing governments. <mask>, despite his relative low dignities, was considered one of the most influential men in the Kingdom of Hungary at turn of 1272 and 1273. Initially, <mask> and Joachim were affiliated with Queen Elizabeth against the late Stephen's supporters (especially the Csáks), but, soon, they expelled the queen mother and her courtiers from power and her regency remained only nominal. Replacing Matthew Csák, <mask>i was made Ban of

masks:
Henry
Henry Kőszeg
Henry Kőszegi
Henry
Henry Kőszeg


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: Slavonia in May 1273.He held the dignity until his death. His deputy, the vice-ban of Primorje () was Paul Šubić, who later ruled over most of Dalmatia, Slavonia and Bosnia. As Ban of Slavonia, <mask> sent a letter to the burghers of Trogir urging them to elect his preferred candidate Thomas as their bishop in 1274. In retaliation for Hungarian incursions into Austria and Moravia, Ottokar's troops invaded the borderlands of Hungary in April 1273. The Bohemian army captured Győr and Szombathely, plundering the western counties. The barons of the realm have temporarily made peace and installed a "national unity government" around June to successfully suppress the enemy. Joachim Gutkeled recaptured the two aforementioned forts two months later, while Denis Péc fought with a Bohemian rearguard near Győr in August.<mask>i became leader of the royal army, which carried out a raid into the surroundings of Pressburg, which was still seized by Ottokar. His troops defeated the Bohemian army at Laa in August. In a second wave, Ottokar's army recaptured Győr and seized many fortresses, including Sopron in the autumn. Large-scale territories and counties remained under the suzerainty of Ottokar and the war had been brought to an end without truce of peace treaty. The cooperation of baronial parties lasted only a few months. By October 1273, the Kőszegi–Gutkeled–Geregye baronial group took control over the country, ousting the Csák kindred. Abolishing the balance of power between the two rivaling groups, the Kőszegis and their allies expelled several members of the royal council

masks:
Henry Kőszegi
Henry Kőszeg


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts: and established a homogeneous "party government" in late 1273, as Szűcs called in his monograph.Matthew Csák and his allies removed Voivode Nicholas Geregye from power in early June 1274, but <mask> and the Gutkeled brothers were able to retain their positions, although their homogeneous government was terminated. Fearing the rival group's gradual advancement in the previous weeks, Joachim Gutkeled and <mask>i captured Ladislaus IV and his mother near Buda at the end of June 1274. They restored the homogeneous government thereafter, while the young monarch and Queen Elizabeth were practically held under house arrest. Although Peter Csák liberated the king and his mother in a short time, the two powerful lords, <mask> and Joachim Gutkeled captured Ladislaus' younger brother, Andrew, and took him to Slavonia, the centre of their political basis. They demanded Slavonia in Duke Andrew's name and intended to utilize the young prince as "anti-king" against his elder brother, who came under the influence of the Csáks by then. During their journey to the southern province, the royal army led by Peter Csák and Lawrence Aba chased and caught them still in Transdanubia. The pro-Ladislaus troops defeated their united forces in the Battle of Föveny (or Bökénysomló), near present-day Polgárdi in the days between 26 and 29 September 1274.<mask>i was killed in the skirmish, while Joachim Gutkeled managed to survive. <mask>'s sons, Nicholas and <mask> also fled the battlefield, withdrawing their troops to the borderlands between Hungary and Austria. Thereafter Peter Csák with the

masks:
Henry Kőszegi
Henry Kőszeg
Henry Kőszegi
Henry Kőeg
Henry
Ivan


title: Henry I Kőszegi

texts:
 consent of Ladislaus IV gathered an army against the Kőszegis' domain in the autumn of 1274; they marched into Western Hungary, pillaging the brothers' landholdings. Nicholas and <mask> barricaded themselves in the castle of Szalónak. The royal army besieged the fort, but failed to capture it because of the coming winter. Through <mask>'s ambitious and unscrupulous sons, the Kőszegi family survived their paterfamilias' death and, despite the past crimes, was able to return to power in the spring of 1275. References

Sources

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1274 deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
Henry 01
Palatines of the Kingdom of Hungary
Judges royal
Bans of Slavonia
Medieval Hungarian military leaders
Hungarian assassins
Hungarian military personnel killed in action
Hungarian exiles
Oligarchs of the Kingdom of Hungary
Hungarian prisoners of

masks: Ivan Henry


title: Genelia D'Souza

texts:
<mask> (née D'Souza; born 5 August 1987) is an Indian actress and model who predominantly appears in Telugu, Hindi, and Tamil language films. After gaining wide attention in a Parker Pen commercial with Amitabh Bachchan, D'Souza began her acting career with the box-office hit Tujhe Meri Kasam in 2003. She was recognized for her role in Boys the same year. D'Souza received her first Filmfare Award in 2006 for her performance in the Telugu romantic film, Bommarillu, which earned her critical acclaim. In 2008, she gave critically acclaimed performances in Santosh Subramaniam, a Tamil remake of Bommarillu, and the Bollywood movie Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na. In addition to mainstream acting, D'Souza has hosted the television show Big Switch, and has been the brand ambassador of Fanta, Virgin Mobile India, Fastrack, LG Mobiles, Garnier Light, Margo, and Perk in India.She has been part of successful films, including Dhee, Mr. Medhavi, Ready, Katha, Uthamaputhiran, Urumi, Velayudham and the Hindi films Masti and Force. Having acted in several commercially successful movies in Telugu and Tamil, D'Souza is described as one of the leading actresses of the South Indian film industry. Early life
Born in Mumbai, D'Souza is a Mangalorean Catholic. She was raised in the Bandra suburb of Mumbai. Her mother Jeanette D'Souza was a managing director of the Pharma Multinational corporation. She left her job in 2004 to help D'Souza with her career. Her father Neil D'Souza, is a senior official with Tata Consultancy Services.She also has a younger brother, Nigel D'Souza, who works with the Bombay Stock Exchange. According to D'Souza, her name means "rare" or "unique", and is a portmanteau of Jeanette and Neil, her mother and father's names. She is also often informally referred to as Geenu, her nickname. D'Souza studied at the Apostolic Carmel High School in Bandra and later joined St. Andrew's College in Bandra to pursue her bachelor's


title: Genelia D'Souza

texts:
 Telugu romantic film Bommarillu. The movie, a blockbuster at the box-office, grossed  in India, and also won the 2006 Golden Nandi award.Her character was well received, and garnered her the Telugu Filmfare Award for Best Actress, besides Nandi Special Jury Award and Santosham Award for Best Actress. Sify concluded about her acting in their review that, "The scene stealer is Genelia with her innocent looks and cute mannerisms. She does not overact and we just fall in love with her character. Genelia looks like a dream in chic skirts and is the life of the party and raises the bar of the film." Following the success of Bommarillu, D'Souza played the role of the daughter of a local don, in the Tamil gangster film Chennai Kadhal alongside Boys co-star Bharath. Rediff.com criticized her commenting, "Genelia stands up yet again to prove the point that if you are pretty and well dressed, you can get away with anything, without acting." Shortly afterwards in 2007, D'Souza played the role of sister of a notorious gangster in the blockbuster Telugu movie Dhee, set against a gang war backdrop.The following year, D'Souza appeared in the 2008 Telugu romantic thriller Mr. Medhavi, in which she portrayed the role of a student from Canada. The movie was successful, with Rediff.com complimenting her performance saying, "<mask> is her effervescent self – full of joie-de-vivre and lights up the screen." She made her Kannada debut in Satya in Love the same year. Later, she was cast in a leading role in Santosh Subramaniam, a Tamil remake of Bommarillu. The film also turned out to be rather successful as its predecessor. Sify described <mask>'s portrayal as "the soul of the film" and the film's "biggest strength", however Rediff.com described her character as "appears a little too good to be true." Return to Bollywood, subsequent work and success (2008–2016)

In June 2008, following a nearly five-year hiatus in Bollywood, she

masks: Genelia Genelia


title: Genelia D'Souza

texts:
 height of the conflict between the Sri Lanka Army and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) in 2009. The rumours of her visit to Colombo started after her friend Ritesh Deshmukh was seen at the festival in Colombo. Immediately, various Tamil groups and Kollywood associations demanded her films to be banned. In 2011, a controversy broke out for her film Force, in a wedding sequence scene of herself and John Abraham.Sources claim that the wedding ceremony and rituals conducted were so authentic that they would have actually been husband and wife in real life. Instead of a junior artiste, a real priest was called for the scene. Again, following the reports of Ritesh Deshmukh and D'Souza's marriage plans, the priest landed up at producer Vipul Amrutlal Shah's office to register a complaint. He insisted that the couple couldn't get married, as D'Souza has been already married to John Abraham, as all marriage rituals were observed, from wearing a mangalsutra (a sacred thread is worn by Indian women as a symbol of their marriage), to exchanging garlands, and taking the seven steps around the holy fire. Shah dismissed the claims as a publicity stunt. Filmography

As actor

As producer

Awards and nominations

See also

 List of Bollywood actresses

References

External links

 <mask> D'Souza at Yahoo! Movies

Living people
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Indian Roman Catholics
Athletes from Mumbai
1987 births
St. Andrew's College of Arts, Science and Commerce alumni
Indian women television presenters
Indian television presenters
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Filmfare Awards South winners
21st-century Indian actresses
Marathi people
People from Marathwada
Kalarippayattu practitioners
Indian female martial artists
Sportswomen from Maharashtra
21st-century Indian women
21st-century Indian people
Actresses from


title: Joshua Alabi

texts:
<mask> (born 1 March 1958) is a Russian-trained Ghanaian academic and politician, who served as the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Professional Studies, Accra (UPSA) from 2012 to 2016. He previously served as the Rector of the same institution from 2009 to 2012 and Pro-Rector from 2005 to 2008. In Ghanaian politics, <mask> was the National Democratic Congress (NDC) Member of Parliament for the Krowor Constituency in the Greater Accra from 1997 to 2001 and Minister of State for the Greater Accra and the Northern Regions respectively from 1997 to 2001. <mask> is a member of the National Democratic Congress and led the party's reorganization in the Greater Accra region in 2001 after the party lost the 2000 elections to the opposition. After the reorganization, he became the first former Minister of the party to contest and won as the Regional Chairman of the NDC in the Greater Accra Region from 2001 to 2005. Early life and education
A native of the Ga ethnic group from Nungua, <mask> was born was born on 1 March 1958 in Accra. His father was an auto mechanic and farmer and his mother was a trader.He had his primary and middle school education at the St. John's Preparatory School (now St. John's Grammar School) in Achimota, a suburb of Accra, from 1965 to 1971. He then proceeded to the Tamale Secondary School for his high school education where he obtained the Ordinary and Advanced-Level Certificates from 1971 to 1976. <mask> Abiola Prize for Excellence in Marketing in 1992. He is an Associate Professor of Marketing at the UPSA, a member of the Chartered Institute of Marketing (CIM), Ghana, a Fellow of the Ghana Institute of Taxation and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Bankers, Ghana. Academic career
After completing his professional training at the IPS, <mask> took up a teaching appointment at the Northern School of Business in Tamale from 1980 to 1981 before leaving for the Soviet Union to pursue his academic

masks:
Joshua Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabi
Alabiod
Alabi


title: Joshua Alabi

texts:
 degrees. Prior to his appointment as Vice-Chancellor, <mask> spent over twenty years of his life as a Lecturer from 1987 to 2005.During the period he became the Head of the Marketing Department in 1989, to the Dean of the Management Faculty from 2003 to 2005. He was promoted to the rank of Senior Lecturer by the university in 2001, and associate professor in 2008 by the university's Governing Council, after meeting the criteria for promotions set by the university's Appointments and Promotions Board. He got promoted to the position of Pro-Rector from 2005 to 2008, and to Rector from 2008 to 2012. At the institutional level, <mask> has served on a number of Committees including: the Governing Council of the UPSA, the Statutes Committee, Finance Committee, Academic Board, Executive Committee, Planning and Resource Committee, and the Budget Committee. He has Chaired other Committees including, the Development Committee, Publications Committee, Research and Conference Committee and the Library Committee. Political life

As a Member of Parliament
<mask> was elected by the people of the Krowor Constituency in the Greater Accra region on the ticket of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) as their Member of Parliament from 1997 to 2001. While in Parliament, <mask> also served as a member of the Business Committee of Parliament (1997 to 2001); and a member of the Parliamentary select Committee on Food and Agriculture (1997 to 2001).As a Minister of State
He was appointed by the then President of the Republic of Ghana, His Excellency Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings as the Greater Accra Regional Minister, he was subsequently moved to Northern Region to serve as Regional Minister and then again moved back to the Creater Accra Region, this happened between 1997 and 2001. He presided over the Regional Security Councils for the Greater Accra and Northern Regions respectively as chairman from 1997 to 2001. When the NDC lost the 2000 elections,

masks: Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi


title: Joshua Alabi

texts:
 <mask> was appointed as the chairman for the Greater Accra Regional Reorganization Committee. Soon after, he got elected as the Greater Accra Regional Chairman of the NDC from 2001 to 2005. He also became the Campaign Coordinator for the Prof. John Atta Mills campaign in 2004. While a student in Europe, <mask> was the Ambassador for Ghanaian students, holding the positions of NUGS President Europe from 1985 to 1986, NUGS President USSR for two terms, from 1983 to 1985, and NUGS Moscow Vice-president from 1982 to 1983.As NUGS, President, <mask> led “The Medicines for Health Project” and in 1984 he mobilized and delivered a volume of medicines to then Head of State, Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings for the people of Ghana during the heightened period of the recession in the early 1980s. Sports administration
In the field of sports, <mask> was the General Secretary for the Ghana League Clubs Association (GHALCA) from 1994 to 1997. He was also a Member of the Ghana Football Association's management board (GFA) and Coordinator of the Ghana Black Stars Management Committee from 1994 to 1997. Personal life
<mask> is a Christian. He married to Goski B. <mask>, who is also academic and a professor of Quality Management and Leadership. They have two children.Other professional activities
<mask> has also served on a number of corporate boards during his career. He was the chairman for the board of trustees for the Social Security and National Insurance Trust for nearly four years (2013 to 2016), providing strategic direction to the Trust and its subsidiary investments. He was also the chairman of the board of directors for the HFC Bank for about two years (2014 to 2016). He was the Chairman of the Governing Council of the Accra Polytechnic for five years from 2009 to 2014. He has been the Chairman of the Ghana Book Development Council from 2009 to 2017. <mask> was also a member of the Ghana National Commission for UNESCO as well as Chairman of

masks: Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi


title: Joshua Alabi

texts:
 the Social Science Committee of the UNESCO Commission of Ghana, from 2009 to 2014. <mask> was a Member of the Group of Experts of the executive board of UNESCO (Paris) in 2011, a Member of the executive committee and chaired the West Africa Region of the International Association of University Presidents from 2011 to 2016.He has managed a number of international and national projects. He is the Founder and board chairman of the Consumer Advocacy Center (CAC) Ghana, an Affiliate Member of the Consumers International, (CI) and a member of the Federation of Consumer Organization in 115 countries. Honours and awards
On 29 October 2016, The President of the Republic of Ghana, His Excellency John Dramani Mahama awarded <mask> the “Officer of the Order of the Volta” honour. In July 2015, <mask> received an award from the Chartered Institute of Bankers (CIB) in recognition of his leadership and transformation of the IPS to a fully-fledged University, and for his performance in the banking and finance landscape. He was also named as the Africa Vice-Chancellor of the Year 2013 by the All-Africa Students Union. Additionally, <mask> was awarded by the National Union of Ghana Students, (NUGS) for his contribution to education in Ghana. <mask> was awarded Ghana's Marketing Man of the Year 2012, by the Chartered Institute of Marketing Ghana (CIMG).He was also named Ghana's Most Influential Public Sector Leader for the year 2012, by IMANI Centre for Policy and Education Ghana, a policy Think Tank, for his quiet, sturdy and inspirational leadership, resulting in the transformation of the then IPS. References

1958 births
Ghanaian MPs 1997–2001
Living people
People from Accra
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Vice-Chancellors of universities in Ghana
Ga-Adangbe people
People from Greater Accra Region
Government ministers of Ghana
National Democratic Congress (Ghana) politicians
University of Professional Studies alumni
Tamale Senior High

masks: Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi Alabi