title: Frankie Frisch

texts:
 announced <mask> among 22 former players and personnel to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014. <mask> is mentioned in the poem "Line-Up for Yesterday" by Ogden Nash:

Years later, Nash added a footnote to this stanza: "p.s. Thanks to Durocher, now everything's kosher." For many years, he lived at 184 Fenimore Road in the Bonnie Crest neighborhood of New Rochelle, New York. He had two hounds named Flash and Patches who kept him company. <mask> eventually moved to Charlestown, Rhode Island, devoting himself mainly to his interests in gardening and classical music. The Mosholu Baseball Field in Bedford Park, Bronx, was renamed to Frank Frisch Field in 1948.See also

 List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
 List of Major League Baseball player-managers
 List of Major League Baseball managers by wins
 List of St. Louis Cardinals team records
 List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders

Notes

References

External links

1898 births
1973 deaths
Accidental deaths in Maryland
Baseball players from New York (state)
Boston Braves announcers
Boston Red Sox announcers
Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York)
Chicago Cubs managers
Fordham Rams baseball players
Fordham Rams football players
Fordham Rams men's basketball players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball player-managers
Major League Baseball second basemen
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
National League All-Stars
National League Most Valuable Player Award winners
New York Giants (NL) announcers
New York Giants (NL) coaches
New York Giants (NL) players
Pittsburgh Pirates managers
Road incident deaths in Maryland
Sportspeople from the Bronx
Sportspeople from New Rochelle, New York
St. Louis Cardinals managers
St. Louis Cardinals players
Vaudeville performers
<mask>isch
Fordham Preparatory School alumni
American men's

masks:
Frisch
Frisch
Frisch
Frankie Fr


title: Peter Ziegler

type: original

texts:
<mask> (2 November 1928 – 19 July 2013) was a Swiss geologist, who made contributions to the understanding of the geological evolution of Europe and the North Atlantic borderlands, of intraplate tectonics and of plate tectonic controls on the evolution and hydrocarbon potential of sedimentary basins. Ziegler's career consists of 33 years as exploration geologist with the petroleum industry, 30 of which with Shell, and 20 years of university teaching and research. Life and work
Born in Winterthur, <mask> took a PhD degree at the University of Zurich in spring 1955 and immediately joined the petroleum industry. Following three years of fieldwork and well sitting in Israel, Madagascar and the Algerian Sahara with American and French oil companies, he joined Shell Canada in Calgary. For six years he was engaged in the exploration of the Cordilleran foothills of British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the Yukon, as well as of the Pacific shelf. This involved extensive helicopter-supported fieldwork. In view of a growing family, he converted from a structurally oriented field-geologist to a more sedentary, stratigraphic trap hunting subsurface-geologist and chalked-up his first natural gas discoveries in the Alberta down-dip reef belt.After guiding an airborne excursion through the Cordillera during the 1967 Devonian Symposium of Calgary, his guidebook, summarizing “The Development of Sedimentary Basins in Western and Arctic Canada”, was published by the Alberta Society of Petroleum Geologists in 1969. <mask> was transferred to Shell International in the Netherlands on 1 January 1970, where he supervised Shell's exploration activities in the North Sea area. As the North Sea success story unfolded, Shell and its partners

masks:
Peter Alfred Ziegler
Ziegler
Ziegler


title: Peter Ziegler

texts:
 were rewarded with numerous important oil and gas discoveries, including the giant Brent, Statfjord, and Troll fields. <mask>'s responsibilities as exploration adviser expanded stepwise to all Shell companies in Europe, then South America, and ultimately worldwide. Parallel to his operational responsibilities, <mask> compiled regional geological data to gain a better understanding of the hydrocarbon potential of hitherto little explored basins on the Atlantic seaboard and of basins behind the Iron Curtain. Presentations at various conferences and symposia prompted academia to propose to Shell to publish his set of palaeogeographic/palaeotectonic maps. In 1982 <mask>'s Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe was published.In this volume he retraced the geological history, depositional environments and tectonics of Europe north of the Alps in greater detail than had ever been done before. In the same line, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists invited <mask> to tour the United States and Canada in 1986-1987 as distinguished lecturer, speaking on the Evolution of the Arctic-North Atlantic and Western Tethys. He died on 19 July 2013 in Binningen, Switzerland. Scientific career
In autumn 1988 <mask> retired from Shell and returned with his wife to Switzerland where he joined the University of Basel as lecturer. In short succession he published with Shell's support in late 1988 the AAPG Memoir 43, entitled “Evolution of the Arctic-North Atlantic and Western Tethys”, in 1989 a volume published by the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands on “Evolution of Laurussia - A Study in Late Palaeozoic Plate Tectonics” and in 1990 for Shell's 100 years of Exploration Jubilee the 2nd edition of his

masks: Ziegler Ziegler Ziegler Ziegler Ziegler


title: Peter Ziegler

texts:
 “Geological Atlas of Western and Central Europe”. In addition he carried out consulting work, lectured regularly on Shell's behalf at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, and participated in international research endeavors, such as the International Lithosphere Program (leader of working group 3: Intra-Plate Tectonics 1985-90: Bureau member 1991-94), EUROPROBE (1990–2002), the IGCP-369 Comparative evolution of Peri-Tethyan Rift Basins Project (1994–99) and the TRANSMED Atlas Project (2000–04). He initiated and coordinated the transnational EUCOR-URGENT Project (1999–2008) that dealt with the evolution and neotectonics of the Upper Rhine Graben.He contributed materially to the development of the follow-up TOPO-EUROPE Project, which addresses the neotectonic and topographic evolution of Europe. <mask> published widely in international journals and in thematic volumes on processes controlling extensional and compressional intraplate tectonics and on the evolution of the lithosphere. His publications found wide recognition and contributed enormously to narrowing the gap between academia and the industry. His work changed the way geologists look at depositional systems and tectonic processes controlling the evolution of sedimentary basins. Awards
In 1992 <mask> was appointed as Honorary Lecturer at University of Basel and in 1996 as Titular Professor for Global Geology. He was awarded Honorary Doctor Degrees by the Moscow State University (1997) and the Technical University Delft (2001). He was a recipient of the Foumarier medal of the Belgian Geological Society, the van Waterschot van der Gracht medal of the Royal Geological and Mining Society of the Netherlands, the William Smith medal of the Geological Society of London, the

masks: Ziegler Ziegler


title: Peter Ziegler

texts:
 Neville George medal of the Geological Society of Glasgow, the Stephan Müller medal of the European Geosciences Union, the Leopold von Buch medal of the German Geological Society and the Leonidovici Kaptsa medal of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.From the American Association of Petroleum Geologists he received the Robert Dott sr. Memorial Award for the publication of his Memoir 43, and later the Special Commendation Award for his regional synthesis of the geological evolution of Europe and for being a lively catalyst of the dialogue among Earth Scientists. Memberships
<mask> was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1984. He became a member of the Academia Europaea in 1990. <mask> was also a member of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. He was a life member of the Bureau of the International Lithosphere Program and an honorary member of the Geological Society of London, the European Geosciences Union, the Geological Society of Poland and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. Honours
On the occasion of his 80th birthday the Swiss Geological Society honoured <mask> with a symposium on the theme “Deep Earth - from Crust to Core”, held in Lugano on 23 November 2008. Selected publications

References

 <mask>'s profile at the University of Basel

External links
 The International Lithosphere Program
 The EUROPROBE Program
 The TRANSMED Project
 The EUCOR-URGENT Project
 The TOPO-EUROPE Project

1928 births
2013 deaths
Members of Academia Europaea
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Winterthur
20th-century Swiss geologists
University of Zurich alumni
University of Basel

masks:
Ziegler
Ziegler
Ziegler
Peter Ziegler


title: Vernon Louis Parrington

texts:
<mask> (August 3, 1871 – June 16, 1929) was an American literary historian and scholar. His three-volume history of American letters,  Main Currents in American Thought, won the Pulitzer Prize for History in 1928 and was one of the most influential books for American historians of its time. Career
Born in Aurora, Illinois, to a Republican family that soon moved to Emporia, Kansas, Parrington attended the College of Emporia and Harvard University, receiving his B.A. from the latter institution in 1893. He did not undertake graduate study. He was appalled by the hardships of Kansas farmers in the 1890s, and began moving left. After teaching English at the College of Emporia, he moved to the University of Oklahoma in 1897, where he taught British literature, organized the department of English, coached the football team, played on the baseball team, edited the campus newspaper, and tried to beautify the campus.He published little and in 1908 he was fired due to pressures from religious groups who wanted all "immoral faculty" fired. From there he went on to a distinguished academic career at the University of Washington. Intellectual on the left
<mask> moved to the much friendlier University of Washington in Seattle, Washington in 1908. He recalled in 1918, "With every passing year my radicalism draws fresh nourishment from large knowledge of the evils of private capitalism. Hatred of that selfish system is become the chief passion of my life. The change from Oklahoma to Washington marks the shift with me from the older cultural interpretation of life to the later economic." Founder of American Studies
<mask> founded the interdisciplinary American Studies movement with his 1927 work Main Currents in American Thought.The movement was expanded in the 1920s and 1930s by Perry Miller, F. O. Matthiessen, and Robert Spiller. The elements that these pioneers considered revolutionary were interdisciplinarity, a holistic culture concept, and a focus on the uniqueness of American culture. From the introduction to Main Currents of American Thought:

"I have

masks:
Vernon Louis Parrington
Parrington
Parrington


title: Vernon Louis Parrington

texts:
 undertaken to give some account of the genesis and development in American letters of certain germinal ideas that have come to be reckoned traditionally American—how they came into being here, how they were opposed, and what influence they have exerted in determining the form and scope of our characteristic ideals and institutions. In pursuing such a task, I have chosen to follow the broad path of our political, economic, and social development, rather than the narrower belletristic." Main Currents in American Thought

<mask> is best remembered as the author of Main Currents in American Thought (1927), a politics-centered 3-volume history of American letters from colonial times that won the 1928 Pulitzer Prize for History, which postulates a sharp divide between the elitist Hamiltonian current and its populist Jeffersonian opponents, making clear his identification with the latter. Parrington defined the three phases of U.S. history as Calvinistic pessimism, romantic optimism, and mechanistic pessimism, with democratic idealism as the main driving force. Parrington defended the doctrine of state sovereignty, and sought to disassociate it from the cause of slavery, claiming that the association of those two causes had proven "disastrous to American democracy," removing the last brake on the growth of corporate power in the Gilded Age as the federal government began shielding capitalists from local and state regulation.For two decades Main Currents in American Thought was one of the most influential books for American historians. Reising (1989) shows the book dominated literary and cultural criticism from 1927 through the early 1950s. Crowe (1977) calls it "the "Summa Theologica of Progressive history." Progressive history was a set of related assumptions and attitudes, which inspired the first great flowering of professional American scholarship in history. These historians saw economic and geographical forces as primary, and saw ideas as merely instruments. They regarded many dominant concepts and interpretations as masks for deeper


title: Vernon Louis Parrington

texts:
 realities. Reinitz (1977) stresses Parrington's heavy use of historical irony, which occurs when the consequences of an action emerge contrary to the original intentions of the actors.<mask> represented the Progressive School of historians which stressed the duality of good versus evil in the American past. Yet, in his final volume of Main Currents he concluded that the Jeffersonian farmer, the Progressives' traditional democratic hero, had joined forces with the greedy business community to produce a destructive form of capitalism which culminated in the 1920s. His progressive interpretation of American history was highly influential in the 1920s and 1930s and helped define modern liberalism in the United States. After receiving overwhelming praise and exerting enormous influence among intellectuals in the 1930s and 1940s, Parrington's ideas fell out of fashion before 1950. Richard Hofstadter says "the most striking thing about the reputation of V L Parrington, as we think of it today, is its abrupt decline....during the 1940s Parrington rather quickly cease to have a compelling interest for students of American literature, and in time historians too began to desert him." Hofstadter shows how Parrington's ideas came under heavy assault in the 1940s and 1950s, naming Lionel Trilling as especially influential in the attack. Harold Bloom says: "Parrington was, in turn, condemned to obscurity by critics like Lionel Trilling, who sharply criticized his literary nationalism and his insistence that literature should appeal to a popular constituency."Liberal historian Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., in his autobiography, says that the progressive histories of the 1920s such as Main Currents, "are little read and their authors largely forgotten." He adds that, "Main Currents impoverished the rich and complex American past. Parrington reduced Jonathan Edwards, Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, Henry James to marginal figures, practitioners of belles lettres, not illuminators of the American experience." Coaching career

<mask> was the second head coach of the

masks: Parrington Parrington


title: Vernon Louis Parrington

texts:
 University of Oklahoma football team, where he was the first OU faculty member to officially hold the position. He is credited with bringing a Harvard style of play and better organization to the OU football program. During his four-year stretch from 1897 to 1900 Parrington's teams played only twelve games, with 9 wins, 2 losses and 1 tie. <mask>'s span as head football coach was the longest of any of Oklahoma's first 5 coaches.The Parrington Oval at the University of Oklahoma and Parrington Hall at the University of Washington are named for <mask> <mask>. Head coaching record

Legacy
Hall finds that in the 1940s and 1950s English professors dropped Parrington's approach in favor of the "New Criticism" and focused on the texts themselves rather than the social, economic, and political contexts that intrigued Parrington. Meanwhile, historians shifted to a consensus model of the past that considered Parrington's dialectical polarity between liberal and conservative to be naive. During the 1950s the book lost its popularity, and was largely ignored by scholars. While dismissing its thesis, some commentators were still captivated by Parrington's politically committed writing style, as historian David W. Levy noted:
Readers and scholars of the rising generation may not follow Parrington's particular judgments or point of view, but it is hard to believe that they will not still be attracted, captivated, and inspired by his sparkle, his breadth, his daring, the ardor of his political commitment. Books
  The Connecticut Wits (1926)
  Main Currents in American Thought (1927)
 Sinclair Lewis, Our Own Diogenes (1927)

References

Sources

 The standard scholarly biography

 Summary of his ideas

External links

1871 births
1929 deaths
American studies
Harvard University alumni
Historians of the United States
Oklahoma Sooners football coaches
Pulitzer Prize for History winners
University of Oklahoma faculty
University of Washington faculty
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
American literary historians
American male

masks:
Parrington
Vernon Louis
Parrington


title: Fred Melamed

texts:
<mask> (born May 13, 1956) is an American actor, comedian, and writer. He is best known for portraying Sy Ableman in A Serious Man (2009), Sam Sotto in In a World... (2013), Bruce Ben-Bacharach in Lady Dynamite (2016–2017), and for having performed in seven films directed by Woody Allen, as well as his numerous appearances in other films and television shows. Early life
<mask> was born to a secular Jewish family in New York City, New York. His biological mother is actress/director Nancy Zala and his biological father, British psychoanalyst Stan Silverstone, was a relative of the prominent Adler acting family, including Luther and Stella Adler. He is the adopted son of Louis, a New York television producer, and Syma (Krichefsky) <mask>, a sometime actress and housewife. He attended the Hunter College Elementary School, a primary school for gifted children, and Riverdale Country School. His father worked with TV pioneer Nat Hiken on such shows as Car 54, Where Are You?and The Phil Silvers Show. When he was sixteen, his family had financial difficulties, and was forced to move to Hollywood, Florida. <mask> has said that he was raised in a non-believer Jewish family who never went to synagogue, except to attend a cousin's bar mitzvah. When he was asked if he wanted to attend Hebrew school, he said no, and thus had no religious training. However, he credits his non-religious upbringing as helping him to develop a belief in God later in life, as he had no "forced dogma to overcome." Career

Early career
He began his theatrical training at Hampshire College, where he worked with (and was heavily influenced by) Tina Packer, John Guare, Jean-Claude van Itallie, and members of The Living Theatre. <mask> then entered the Yale School of Drama.At Yale, he was a Samuel F. B. Morse College Graduate Fellow. He was also a nominee for the Irene Ryan Award, a prize conferred upon the most promising young actors in the United

masks:
Fred Melamed
Melamed
Melamed
Melamed
Melamed


title: Fred Melamed

texts: States. While still at Yale, he was an instructor at the well-known performing arts camp, Stagedoor Manor. After his training, he appeared on stage with several resident theatre companies, including The Guthrie Theater, the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, The Yale Repertory Theater, and on Broadway in the Tony Award-winning Amadeus. Following Amadeus, <mask> entered what he called "a period of personal darkness", during which he effectively stopped acting on stage. At the same time, with an insider's understanding of the industry and assistance from his agent, he became established as a voice actor, and continued to do film work. <mask>'s voice became a familiar presence on television, serving as the sound of the Olympics, Mercedes Benz, CBS Sports, USA Network, the Super Bowl, and numerous commercials and television programs.He became known within the industry as a voice actor, appearing in the Grand Theft Auto series, and dubbing several actors' entire performances in films. <mask>'s feature film debut was in Marshall Brickman's 1983 romantic comedy, Lovesick, starring Dudley Moore and Elizabeth McGovern. <mask>'s second film was Woody Allen's comedy-drama Hannah and Her Sisters (1986). In addition, <mask> has prolifically appeared in other Allen films. He has appeared in more Allen movies than any other actor besides Diane Keaton and Mia Farrow (and Allen himself). He has appeared in Radio Days (1987), Another Woman (1988), Crimes and Misdemeanors (1989), Shadows and Fog (1991), Husbands and Wives (1992), and Hollywood Ending (2000). During the 1980s <mask> played significant supporting roles in Roland Joffé's religious epic The Mission (1986), Elaine May's comedy Ishtar (1987).Also in 1987, he appeared in Peter Yates' legal mystery thriller Suspect (1987) starring Cher, Dennis Quaid, and Liam Neeson as well as the romantic comedy The Pickup Artist starring Robert Downey Jr. and Molly

masks: Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed


title: Fred Melamed

texts:
 Ringwald. The following year he appeared in The Good Mother (1988), opposite Diane Keaton and Liam Neeson. 2010s
For his portrayal of "sensitive" villain Sy Ableman, in Joel and Ethan Coen's 2009 film, A Serious Man, which was nominated for Best Picture at the 2010 Academy Awards, he became widely known. About that character, Film Confessional said, "Sy Ableman is as great a contemporary movie villain as The Joker, Hans Landa, or Anton Chigurh.... The character <mask> contrives is the year's most brilliant force of destruction." For his performance in A Serious Man, <mask>, along with the Coen Brothers, and the film's Ensemble and Casting Directors won Film Independent's Independent Spirit Robert Altman Award. New York magazine listed <mask>'s work as among the Best Performances of the Decade, and Empire called Sy Ableman "One of The Best Coen Bros.Characters of All Time". Several leading U.S. critics, including A. O. Scott of The New York Times, Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune, and Roger Ebert all said his performance was worthy of Academy Award nomination. On television, <mask> starred with Maria Bamford in the Netflix comedy Lady Dynamite, on FX's Emmy Award-winning Fargo, Hulu's Golden Globe Award-nominated Casual, the Fox comedy New Girl, and Verizon Go90's sports send-up Now We're Talking. He is a present or past recurring guest star on USA Network's Benched, Showtime's House of Lies, HBO's Girls, Childrens Hospital, Blunt Talk, FX's Married, and Trial & Error. In previous seasons, he played Larry David's smug psychiatrist, Dr. Arthur Thurgood, on Curb Your Enthusiasm, tough-guy jurist Judge Alan Karpman on The Good Wife, and played himself in the CBS situation comedy The Crazy Ones with Robin Williams and Sarah Michelle Gellar. In 2017, he appeared as a special guest star in the acclaimed Fargo episode "The Law of Non-Contradiction". He also appeared in 2 episodes of Brooklyn Nine-Nine as fantasy

masks:
Fred Melamed
Melamed
Melamed
Melamed


title: Fred Melamed

texts: author D.C. Parlov.<mask> appeared in the Sundance film Lemon (2017), a collaboration with Brett Gelman and Janicza Bravo, Brawl in Cell Block 99 opposite Vince Vaughn, Sean McGinly's Silver Lake, which he starred in with Martin Starr, and Dragged Across Concrete. <mask> had previously starred as Sam in Lake Bell's In a World..., winner of the Waldo Salt Screenwriting Award at the Sundance Film Festival, opposite Kurt Russell and Richard Jenkins in Bone Tomahawk, and re-teamed with the Coen brothers and co-stars George Clooney, Tilda Swinton, and Ralph Fiennes in Hail, Caesar! (2016). Prior, he had starred in Get on Up (2014), a bio-pic about the life of James Brown, and opposite Elliott Gould, as auteur/director Bob Wilson, in Fred Won't Move Out, a film about the decline of a stubborn patriarch and his family. Other 2010s appearances included The Dictator (2012), with Sacha Baron Cohen and Sir Ben Kingsley, where <mask> appeared in a cameo as the Director of the dictator's Nuclear Weapons Program, and Some Kind of Beautiful, where <mask> played a villain, opposite Pierce Brosnan and Jessica Alba. On Broadway in 2011, after a long hiatus from the theatre, <mask> originated the roles of The Father in Ethan Coen's Talking Cure, and Thomas Moran in Elaine May's George Is Dead, two of the one-act plays that comprised Relatively Speaking. Subsequently, <mask> took on the role of Vanya in the Guild Hall production of Uncle Vanya, about which The New York Times said he gave "an excellent (...) multi-layered performance (...) Mr. <mask> easily inhabits the comic, awkward lover, but also brings out Vanya's vast loneliness".As a writer, he has produced screenplays including Girl of the Perfume River, A Jones for Gash, The Asshat Project, and is currently at work on a long-form, television version of The Preservationist, a fictional drama inspired by the case of <mask>'s college friend, Edward Forbes Smiley III, a

masks: Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed Melamed


title: Fred Melamed

texts:
 renowned cartographic expert and dealer, who admitted to having been the most brazen and prolific map thief of all time. In 2019, <mask> acted in the crime thriller Lying and Stealing alongside Theo James and Emily Ratajkowski. The film was a modest critical success with Dennis Harvey of Variety writing, "Lying and Stealing manages to be a retro escapist pleasure — one whose cleverness might actually have been muffled by flashier surface assets." 2020s
<mask> joined the Marvel Cinematic Universe in WandaVision as Arthur Hart, Vision's boss. In 2020 he appeared in Emma Seligman's directorial debut Shiva Baby. The film premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival and received critical acclaim. The following year he appeared in Nikole Beckwith's pregnancy comedy Together Together starring Ed Helms, and Patti Harrison.The film also received critical plaudits. In 2021, <mask> was named by a host of prominent critics and film professionals in Vulture and New York Magazine as one of "The 32 Greatest Character Actors Working Today". Personal life
<mask> moved with his wife, Leslee, and twin sons to Los Angeles in 2013. Both of the <mask> children were diagnosed with autism and he and his wife have been involved in advocacy for persons living with autism spectrum disorder and their families. <mask> and his wife divorced in 2021. Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Video games

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1956 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American adoptees
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American people of South African-Jewish descent
Autism activists
Hampshire College alumni
Hollywood Hills High School alumni
Jewish American male actors
Living people
Male actors from New York City
Yale School of Drama alumni
Riverdale Country School


title: Kathy Sullivan (Australian politician)

texts:
<mask> AM (born 8 March 1942) is a former Australian politician. A member of the Liberal Party, she was a Senator for Queensland from 1974 to 1984 and a member of the House of Representatives from 1984 to 2001, holding the seat of Moncrieff. She broke Dorothy Tangney's record for the longest period of service in federal parliament by a woman, which was later surpassed by Bronwyn Bishop. She was the first woman to have served in both houses of parliament. Early life
<mask> was born Kathryn Jean Martin on 8 March 1942 in Brisbane, Queensland. She was the second of two daughters born to Edna (née Sproul) and Ian Martin. Her mother was a nurse and post office worker and her father was a bank officer.She grew up in country Queensland, attending primary schools in Mount Morgan, Kingaroy, Humpybong, and Camp Hill. Her secondary education was completed at Somerville House in Brisbane. She went on to complete a Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) degree in political science at the University of Queensland. Politics
Martin joined the Young Liberals in 1960 during her first year at university. She served as state secretary in 1961 and vice-president in 1963, and had received life membership by the time she graduated. Senate (1974–1984)
Martin was elected to the Senate at the 1974 federal election, a double dissolution.She was ranked in fifth position on the Liberal Party's joint ticket with the Country Party. At the time of her preselection she was asked to use the name "<mask>" rather than her full name as it was "friendlier", and also "to stop wearing knee-high boots and smoking cigars". In April 1975, Martin was chosen as the Liberal Party's assistant whip in the Senate. She was "a linchpin in keeping the Opposition senators in line" during the 1975

masks:
Kathryn Jean Martin Sullivan
Sullivan
Kathy


title: Kathy Sullivan (Australian politician)

texts: constitutional crisis, and retained the position after the Coalition won the 1975 federal election. She resigned as assistant whip in February 1977 after crossing the floor with nine other Liberal senators to oppose a procedural motion to expedite the government's constitutional amendment bills. Martin subsequently led the "No" campaign in Queensland against the simultaneous elections amendment, which was the only one of four not to pass. Her relationship with Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser deteriorated as a result and "destroyed her prospects for promotion while he remained party leader".Prior to the 1983 election, Martin offered to resign her place on the Liberal Senate ticket in favour of Neville Bonner, who had been demoted to the third position. Her offer was rejected and Bonner unsuccessfully stood as an independent. In the last years of the Fraser Government she had increasingly aligned herself with opposition to Fraser's leadership, supporting Andrew Peacock for the party leadership. Fraser resigned as leader after losing the 1983 election and was replaced by Peacock, who appointed Martin as Shadow Minister for Home Affairs and Administrative Services. She resigned from the Senate in November 1984 to seek a lower-house seat at the upcoming federal election, which followed an expansion in the number of House of Representatives seats. After her marriage the previous year she was known as <mask> or <mask> <mask>. In 2021, <mask> stated that a male colleague sexually assaulted her in her office in about 1983 or 1984.She said that the party's leader Andrew Peacock "clearly didn't believe" her account of the incident when she informed him, and that it was "one of the most devastating experiences of my life". <mask> made this allegation

masks:
Kathy Sullivan
Kathy Martin
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan


title: Kathy Sullivan (Australian politician)

texts:
 publicly known on 9 July 2021, almost three months after Peacock's death on 16 April. House of Representatives (1984–2001)
At the 1984 election, <mask> won the newly created Division of Moncrieff for the Liberal Party. She was the first woman to serve in both houses of federal parliament. She was also the first female Coalition MP to serve in the House since Kay Brownbill in 1969. <mask> was not retained in Andrew Peacock's shadow ministry after the 1984 election. She returned as a shadow parliamentary secretary in 1993 under John Hewson, holding the position until Hewson lost the leadership the following year.She returned to her former position as a deputy whip later in 1994, holding the position until the 1996 election. <mask> hoped to become Speaker of the House of Representatives when the Coalition won the 1996 federal election, but was defeated by Bob Halverson in an internal ballot. She was instead elected to the speaker's panel. Following a ministerial reshuffle, <mask> was appointed Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Foreign Affairs in October 1997. She held the position until February 2000 when she announced her decision not to re-contest her seat at the 2001 federal election. She has been a vocal advocate for an increase in the number of women in parliament. Recognition
In 2003, she was made a Member of the Order of Australia, for service to the Parliament of Australia and to the community, particularly as an advocate for improved services and conditions affecting women.<mask> was a relatively low-profile MP but in 1993 received national attention when ALP Treasurer John Dawkins taunted her by calling her "sweetheart" in Parliament, which outraged female MPs from Dawkins' own party. According to a study by the

masks: Sullivan Sullivan Sullivan Sullivan Sullivan


title: Kathy Sullivan (Australian politician)

texts:
 Parliamentary Library, <mask> crossed the floor 20 times during her career, the most out of any woman during the period from 1950 to 2019. Each of those occasions occurred during her service in the Senate. Personal life
From 1965 to 1969 <mask> was married to Donald Maher. In 1972, he was sentenced to life in prison for the murder of a Brisbane hotel manager; he was released in 1987. <mask> re-married in 1975 to Jim Gray, continuing to use her maiden name in parliament. They divorced in 1978 and in 1983 she married <mask>, a former U.S. Marine.She was widowed in 2008. After the conclusion of her political career, <mask> has used the name "Kate" rather than "<mask>". References

1942 births
Living people
Members of the Australian House of Representatives
Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Moncrieff
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate for Queensland
Women members of the Australian House of Representatives
Women members of the Australian Senate
Members of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Centenary Medal
Liberal Party of Australia members of the Parliament of Australia
21st-century Australian politicians
21st-century Australian women politicians
20th-century Australian politicians
Australian schoolteachers
University of Queensland alumni
20th-century Australian women

masks:
Sullivan
Sullivan
Sullivan
Bob Sullivan
Sullivan
Kathy


title: William Madison McDonald

texts:
<mask> (June 22, 1866 – July 5, 1950), nicknamed "Gooseneck Bill", was an American politician, businessman, and banker of great influence in Texas during the late nineteenth century. Part of the Black and Tan faction, by 1892 he was elected to the Republican Party of Texas's state executive committee, as temporary chairman in 1896, and as permanent state chairman in 1898. During this period, <mask> was also elected as top leader of two black fraternal organizations, serving as Grand Secretary of the state's black Masons for 50 years. In 1906 he founded Fort Worth's first African-American-owned bank as an enterprise of the state Masons; under his management, the bank survived the Great Depression. The black chapters of Masons banked with him, <mask> made loans to black businessmen, and he became probably the first black millionaire in Texas. Early life and education

Named after <mask> and <mask>, <mask> was born on June 22, 1866 in College Mound, Texas, little more than a year after the end of the American Civil War. His father <mask> was a former slave from Tennessee.He was once held by Confederate General Nathan Bedford Forrest, according to a 2008 report by the Dallas Morning News. His mother was Flora (née Scott) <mask> of Alabama, described by one source as a "free woman of color" before the war, and by another as a "former slave." <mask> was a farmer and blacksmith. After Flora died when <mask> was a child, his father married Belle Crouch. As a teenager, <mask> went to work for rancher and lawyer Captain Z. T. Adams, who took an interest in him. He began teaching the youth about business and law. After graduating from high school in 1884, with the help of Adams and others, <mask> attended Roger Williams University in Nashville, Tennessee.It had been established by the Baptist Church of the North in 1866 as a

masks:
William Madison McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
William Shakespeare
James Madison
William Madison McDonald
George McDonald
McDonald
George McDonald
William
McDonald
McDonald


title: William Madison McDonald

texts:
 black college, and was important for educating generations of African-American leaders in the South. Career

After returning to Texas, <mask> served as principal of an African-American high school in Forney, Texas, for several years, in a rural area outside Dallas. The Reconstruction-era legislature had established the state's first public school system. In order to gain approval, legislators agreed to let local boards determine whether schools would be racially segregated. Education was a high priority for freedmen and their children. <mask> married Alice Gibson, who was a teacher at his school. <mask> helped organized a black state fair in North Texas.<mask> became active in the Republican Party and encouraged blacks to vote; he helped organize the party in Kaufman County and the region. In 1892, <mask> was elected to the Republican Party of Texas's state executive committee. He was a power in state politics for more than thirty years, and became a leader of the "Black and Tan" faction, African Americans within the Republican Party. He teamed up politically with white businessman Ned Green of Fort Worth, the son of the wealthiest woman in America. Green supported the "Black and Tan" faction in Republican internal struggles. At the 1896 Republican National Convention, <mask> was given the nickname "Gooseneck Bill" by a Dallas Morning News reporter. In 1898 he was defeated for state chairman of the Republican Party by Henry Clay Ferguson; the continuing rivalry of their factions resulted in a decrease in black influence in the party.Through these years, <mask> had also been active in black fraternal organizations, which developed rapidly throughout Texas and the South after the war as blacks established independent networks. He was elected as the Supreme Grand Chief of the Seven Stars of Consolidation of America.

masks: McDonald McDonald McDonald McDonald McDonald McDonald McDonald


title: William Madison McDonald

texts: In 1890, he also joined the Prince Hall Freemasonry. In 1899 he was elected as Right Worshipful Grand Secretary of the African-American Texas Masons, a position that provided operating direction to the group. Under his leadership, the Masons developed several business enterprises: started "a cotton mill, published a magazine, offered insurance to members, and established a bank in Fort Worth." He remained the Grand Secretary of the Texas Masons for 50 years. White Democrats regained power in the state legislature and passed laws making voter registration more difficult, requiring payment of poll taxes and, later, restricting minority participation by the use of white primaries.These actions resulted in effective disenfranchisement of blacks, Mexican Americans, and many poor whites in the state. More than 100,000 blacks voted statewide in elections of the 1890s, but by 1906, their number had dropped to 5,000. "Lily White" Republicans essentially drove the "Black and Tan" faction out of power in the party in 1900. <mask> and the Black and Tans temporarily regained power in 1912, before losing it again. <mask> continued to be a notable figure in the national Republican Party, however, attending many national conventions. <mask> turned his energies to business, though he retained an interest in politics. He moved to Fort Worth in 1906, where he became manager of the Fraternal Bank and Trust Company, founded by the Masons as the city's first African-American-owned bank.For a time, it was the bank used by most of the black Mason chapters in the state. With their deposits, <mask> had capital for providing loans to African-American entrepreneurs and could encourage development of their businesses. In that segregated era, blacks had great difficulty gaining financing from white-owned banks. Under <mask>'s management, the

masks: McDonald McDonald McDonald McDonald McDonald


title: William Madison McDonald

texts:
 bank survived the Great Depression, when many other banks went under. According to a 2008 report by the Dallas Morning News, <mask> was "probably Texas' first black millionaire." Disappointed with Texas Republicans, <mask> increasingly exercised independence in supporting presidential candidates: favoring Progressive Robert M. La Follette, Sr. and Democrats Al Smith and Franklin D. Roosevelt. He returned to the Republican Party to support Thomas E. Dewey in his presidential bid against Harry Truman.<mask> died on July 5, 1950, in Fort Worth, where he was buried in Oakwood Cemetery. He was survived by his fifth wife. His only child, Harry Manack <mask>, had predeceased him by thirty years. Legacy and honors

In 2002, Forney, Texas, erected a historical marker to acknowledge native son <mask> and his achievements; its text includes the following: "Throughout his life, <mask> was a leader in the struggle for social justice, advocating persistence and civic and moral responsibility as the steps to equality." References

Further reading
Barr, Alwyn. Black Texans: A History of Negroes in Texas, 1528–1971 (Austin: Jenkins, 1973). Bundy, <mask>.Life of <mask> <mask>, Ph. D. dissertation, Bunker (1925). ASIN: B00085TUVW
Casdorph, Paul D. A History of the Republican Party in Texas, 1865–1965 (Austin: Pemberton Press, 1965). Glasrud, Bruce A. "<mask><mask>, Business and Fraternal Leader", Black Leaders: Texans for Their Times, ed. by Alwyn Barr and Robert A. Calvert, (Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1981), pp. 83–112
Rice, Lawrence D. The Negro in Texas, 1874–1900 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971).1866 births
1950 deaths
African-American businesspeople
American businesspeople
African-American people in Texas politics
People from Forney, Texas
Texas Republicans
20th-century African-American

masks:
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
McDonald
William Oliver
William Madison
McDonald
William M
. McDonald


title: Oran Milo Roberts

texts:
<mask> (July 9, 1815May 19, 1898), was the 17th Governor of Texas from January 21, 1879 to January 16, 1883. He was a member of the Democratic Party. Roberts County, Texas, is named after him. Early life
<mask> was born in Laurens District, South Carolina. He studied at the University of Alabama, graduated in 1836, and was admitted to the bar the following year. After serving a term in the Alabama legislature, he moved to Texas, where he opened a successful law practice. In 1844, he was appointed a district attorney by Texas President Sam Houston.In 1846, after Texas had become a state, <mask> was appointed district judge by Governor James Pinckney Henderson. He also served as president of the board and was a well-respected lecturer in law for the University of San Augustine. In 1856, <mask> ran for and won a position on the Texas Supreme Court. He became a spokesman for states' rights, and when the secessionist crisis appeared in 1860, he was at the center of the pro-Confederate faction. American Civil War
In January 1861 he was unanimously elected president of the Secession Convention in Austin, a meeting that he had been influential in calling. Along with his colleagues, <mask> led the passage of the ordinance removing Texas from the Union in 1861. In 1862 he resigned his seat on the bench and entered the Confederate Army and was elected as colonel of the Eleventh Texas infantry with which he served as part of the Walker's Texas Division in the Trans-Mississippi Department during the greater part of the campaigns in Arkansas and Louisiana.In 1864, while he was with his command, <mask> was elected Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He held the position until he was removed along with other state incumbents in 1865. Postbellum
During Reconstruction, he was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1866. Along with David G. Burnet, he was elected by the state legislature to the US Senate. However, as the Reconstruction Act has become law, the states were subject to military rule, and none of the

masks:
Oran Milo Roberts
Roberts
Roberts
Roberts
Roberts
Roberts


title: Oran Milo Roberts

texts: delegations of the southern states was seated. <mask> eventually returned to Gilmer, Texas, where he opened a law school in 1868. Among his students were a future Texas Supreme Court justice, Sawnie <mask>, and a Dallas district judge, George N. Aldredge.Upon the ascension of the Democrats to power in Austin in 1874, <mask> was appointed by Governor Richard Coke to his former position of Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court. Two years later, under the new Texas Constitution, he was elected to the same position. He served as chief justice for four years and was involved in rewriting much of Texas civil law. He resigned as Chief Justice after receiving a unanimous nomination from the Democratic Convention to run for governor. In 1878 he was elected governor of Texas and served two terms. He was elected governor of Texas on a platform of post-Reconstruction fiscal reform. His two gubernatorial terms were marked by a reduction in state expenditures.His plan for countering the high taxes and state debt of the Reconstruction years became known as "pay as you go." A major part of the plan involved the sale of public lands to finance the debt and to fund public schools. Though ultimately successful in both reducing the debt and increasing the public school fund, the decreased government appropriations under <mask> halted public school growth for a time. The present Capitol in Austin was contracted during <mask>'s terms, and the cornerstone for the University of Texas was laid in 1882. Railroad mileage increased across West Texas, and the frontier became more secure. In 1883, just before <mask>de" bestowed upon him by his students. In continuance of that legacy, the University of Texas named its alumni magazine "Alcalde" in his honor and, in 1963, built and named a residence hall after him. During his tenure at the university, <mask> wrote several professional works, among them a text, The Elements of Texas Pleading (1890), which was used for decades after his retirement from teaching. In 1893, he left the

masks: Roberts Robertson Roberts Roberts Roberts Robertscal Roberts


title: Oran Milo Roberts

texts:
 university and moved to Marble Falls, where he turned his attention to more general historical writings. Among his works were his essay The Political, Legislative, and Judicial History of Texas for its Fifty Years of Statehood, 1845–1895, which was published in an early general history of the state, Comprehensive History of Texas, 1685 to 1897 (1898), edited by Dudley G. Wooten; and chapters on Texas in volume eleven of C. A. Evans's Confederate Military History (1899). He participated in forming the Texas State Historical Association and served as its first president.<mask> was married to Frances W. Edwards of Ashville, Alabama, from 1837 until her death in 1883. They were the parents of seven children. In 1887 <mask> married Mrs. Catherine E. Border. He is buried at the Oakwood Cemetery in Austin, Texas. Further reading
 Texas, the Dark Corner of the Confederacy: Contemporary Accounts of the Lone Star State in the Civil War. U of Nebraska Press; 1994 [Retrieved 6 August 2017]. . pp. 235–237

External links

 Message of Gov.O. M<mask> on appropriations and expenditures under the control of the governor to the seventeenth legislature of the state of Texas, convened at the city of Austin, in regular session, January 11, 1881., hosted by the Portal to Texas History
 Entry about <mask> <mask> from the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas published 1880, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
 Sketch of   O. M<mask> from A pictorial history of Texas, from the earliest visits of European adventurers, to A.D. 1879, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
 Roberts Hall Dormitory at the University of Texas. 1815 births
1898 deaths
Governors of Texas
Justices of the Texas Supreme Court
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Burials at Oakwood Cemetery (Austin, Texas)
Texas Democrats
University of Alabama alumni
Members of the Alabama House of Representatives
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Alabama Democrats
Confederate States Army officers
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American

masks:
Family Roberts
Roberts
. Roberts
Oran
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. Roberts


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts:
 his son Osbjorn, Siward defeated Mac Bethad in battle in 1054. More than half a millennium later the adventure in Scotland earned him a place in William Shakespeare's Macbeth.Siward died in 1055, leaving one son, <mask>, who would eventually succeed to Northumbria. St Olave's church in York and nearby Heslington Hill are associated with Siward. Sources

Source material on Siward's life and career is scarce, and only a small and potentially unrepresentative amount of information exists. No contemporary or near-contemporary biography has survived, and narratives from around the time of his life such as the Encomium Emmae and the Vita Ædwardi Regis scarcely mention him; historians are therefore dependent on a few entries in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and comparable Irish sources. Later Anglo-Norman histories may or may not be reliable depending on their source material, but useful ones include the Chronicle of John of Worcester (compiled between 1124 and 1140), William of Malmesbury (writing between c. 1125 and 1142), Henry of Huntingdon (writing between c. 1133 and 1154), and Orderic Vitalis (writing between c. 1114 and 1141). Other sources include the material attributed to Symeon of Durham (compiled and written as extant between the late 11th century and the first half of the 12th century). Legendary material, such as that in hagiography or later medieval sources such as John of Fordun or Andrew of Wyntoun, is not generally regarded as useful beyond its limited potential for


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts:
 to the north and one to the south of the River Tees. The former is associated with the stronghold of Bamburgh, while the latter is associated with the great Roman city of York. It was a politically fragmented region. The western part, from Lancashire to Cumberland, formed an older British stronghold and experienced links with and settlement of Gaels, while in the rest of Northumbria; British (predominantly in Yorkshire and further North) English and Anglo-Scandinavian(generally restricted to the eastern coasts) regional magnates—thegns, holds and high-reeves—exercised a considerable degree of independence from the ealdormen. One such example was the magnate Thurbrand, a hold in Yorkshire, probably based in Holderness, whose family were frequently at odds with the ruling earls at Bamburgh.Ancestry

Historians generally claim Siward to be of Scandinavian origin, a conclusion supported by the Vita Ædwardi Regis, which states that Siward was "[called] Digri in the Danish tongue" (Danica lingua Digara). Legendary material incorporated in the Vita et passio Waldevi comitis (or simply Vita Waldevi), the hagiographic biography of Siward's son <mask>, states that Siward was the son of a Scandinavian earl named Bjorn and provides a genealogy claiming that he was the descendant of a polar bear,  a commonplace piece of Germanic folklore. Historian Timothy Bolton has recently argued that the similarities between these genealogies is evidence of a shared family tradition between the


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts: Alfred Ætheling and Edward (later, King Edward the Confessor), the exiled sons of Æthelred the Unready. Isolated in Scandinavia, Harthacnut was unable to prevent Harold Harefoot seizing the crown for himself. Ruling England from 1035, Harold died in 1040 just as Harthacnut was preparing an invasion. Arriving soon after Harold's death, Harthacnut reigned in England only two years before his own death in 1042, a death that led to the peaceful succession of Edward. Frank Barlow speculated on Siward's political stance, guessing that during these upheavals Siward assumed "a position of benevolent or prudent neutrality". Siward is found in 1038, as Sywardus Comes ("<mask>ward"), witnessing a charter of King Harthacnut to the Abbey of Bury St Edmunds.He witnessed a confirmation granted by Harthacnut to Fécamp Abbey, between 1040 and 1042, of an earlier grant made by Cnut. In 1042, he witnessed grants by Harthacnut to Abingdon Abbey and to Ælfwine, Bishop of Winchester. Siward was, at some stage, married to Ælfflæd, daughter of Ealdred II of Bamburgh, and granddaughter of Uhtred the Bold. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle asserts that, in 1041 Eadulf, Earl of Bamburgh, was "betrayed" by King Harthacnut. The "betrayal" seems to have been carried out by Siward; since when the Libellus de Exordio and other sources write about the same event, they say that Siward attacked and killed Eadulf. It was thus that Siward became earl of all Northumbria, perhaps the first person to do so since Uhtred the


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts: nor any associates of Siward were punished by Edward in later years. In fact, Siward appears to have been one of Edward's most powerful supporters. On 16 November 1043, Siward, along with Earls Godwine of Wessex and Leofric of Mercia, marched with King Edward against his mother, Queen Emma, helping the king to deprive the queen of her huge treasury. Edward then accused Emma of treason and deposed Stigand, Bishop of Elmham, from his position "because he was closest to his mother's counsel".The Norman propagandist and historian, William of Poitiers, claimed that Siward was among those who had sworn an oath to uphold Edward the Confessor's alleged declaration that William, Duke of Normandy (later King William I), was to be his heir. Others said to have made that oath were Earls Godwine of Wessex and <mask>ric of Mercia, along with Stigand, who had been pardoned in 1044, and raised to Bishop of Winchester in 1047. If this did happen, it was probably during or a little before spring 1051, when Robert, Archbishop of Canterbury, was journeying to Rome for his pallium. In 1051 Siward, along with Earls <mask>ric and Ralph the Timid, mobilised forces in defence of the king against a rebellion by Earl Godwine and his sons. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle relates that although Siward had to call up reinforcements, King Edward was successful and <mask>wine was temporarily exiled. <mask>wine remained a threat in exile, and the continued "belligerent support" of Siward and <mask>ric was thus vital

masks:
Leof
Leof
Earl God
Earl God
Leof


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts: to King Edward's safety. It was apparently, however, the reluctance of these two earls to fight <mask>wine that contributed to Godwine's re-establishment in England in 1052.There is evidence to suggest that Siward extended his power southward, bringing the shire of Northampton into his control in the 1040s and the shire of Huntingdon in the 1050s. The evidence comes from royal writs addressed to Siward as earl in these shires. Siward's predecessors as earl in these areas were other Scandinavians, Thuri and Bjorn son of Earl Ulf; the former was styled "earl of the Midlanders" (comes mediterraneorum), showing that this earldom represented the earlier polity of the Middle Angles of Mercia. It was this area, rather than Northumbria, to which Siward's descendants were most attached. Likewise, it has been argued that Siward brought Cumberland, thought by some historians to have been lost to Strathclyde, back under Northumbrian lordship. The evidence comes from a document known to historians as "Gospatric's Writ". This is a written instruction, issued either by the future Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria, or Gospatric, son of <mask>tred, that was addressed to all Gospatric's kindred and to the notables dwelling in the "all the lands that were Cumbrian" (on eallun þam landann þeo Cōmbres); it ordered that one Thorfinn mac Thore be free in all things (þ Thorfynn mac Thore beo swa freo in eallan ðynges) in Allerdale, and that no man is to break the peace which was given by Gospatric and

masks:
Earl God
Earl Uh


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts:
 seven in 1045, two in 1046, one in 1048 and one in 1049. A Dux ("earl") named Sihroþ and Sihroð witnessed two charters in 1050, and this may be Siward. There is another attestation in 1050, and his name appears in two dubious witness lists attached to charters dating to 1052 and 1054. Possibly Siward's last historical appearance in English legal documents is in the agreement made—probably at Lincoln—between Wulfwig, Bishop of Dorchester, and Earl <mask>ric, dating to between 1053 and 1055. Expedition against the Scots

Siward is perhaps most famous for his expedition in 1054 against Macbeth, King of Scotland, an expedition that cost Siward his eldest son, Osbjorn. The origin of Siward's conflict with the Scots is unclear. According to the Libellus de Exordio, in 1039 or 1040, the Scottish king Donnchad mac Crínáin attacked northern Northumbria and besieged Durham.Within a year, Macbeth had deposed and killed Donnchad. The failed siege occurred a year before Siward attacked and killed Earl Eadulf of Bamburgh, and though no connection between the two events is clear it is likely that they were linked. The Annals of Lindisfarne and Durham, written in the early 12th century, relate under the year 1046 that "Earl Siward with a great army came to Scotland, and expelled king Macbeth, and appointed another; but after his departure Mac Bethad recovered his kingdom". Historian William Kapelle thought that this was a genuine event of the 1040s, related to the Annals of Tigernach entry for


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts: Historia Regum.Material incorporated in two surviving sources is thought by some to attest to the existence of a lost saga or some other kind of literary tradition concerning Siward's life. The first source is the Vita et Passio Waldevi, a hagiographic history of Siward's cult-inspiring son Waltheof. This text contains an account of <mask>'s paternal origin, and in the process recounts certain adventures of his father Siward . The second major witness of the tradition is <mask> Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum, which contains extracts of saga-like material relating to Siward's invasion of Scotland (1054) and his death (1055). The Anglo-Saxonist Frank Stenton declared that Siward was "not a statesman, but a Danish warrior of the primitive type". Writers in the half-century after his death remembered Siward as a strong ruler who brought peace and suppressed brigandage. Siward died more than a decade before the death of Edward the Confessor, but despite this the Domesday Book recorded 4 manors, 3 in Yorkshire and 1 in Derbyshire, owned directly by Earl Siward in 1066, all of them subsequently held by Hugh d'Avranches, Earl of Chester.This land was stated to have been worth £212, while his son Waltheof was said to have held £136 worth of land across 9 counties. Domesday records give an incomplete picture of Siward's holdings. In total it recorded property worth £348 for Siward and his son, which on its own would compare poorly with the £2493 in value recorded to have been held by the

masks:
Waltheof
Henry of


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts: family of the earls of Mercia. Of the latter, however, Morcar of Mercia, Earl of Northumbria on the day of King Edward's death, possessed land worth £968, while Tostig, exiled earl at the time, had land worth £491; both may have come into possession of some of Siward's land in the course of becoming Earls of Northumbria. Moreover, the counties that would become Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland and Westmorland were largely omitted from the survey, while, besides being only very poorly documented, the lands in Yorkshire had been severely devastated and devalued during the Harrying of the North. Siward is said to have built a church dedicated to St Olaf at Galmanho, York. The record of his burial in this church is the only notice of a non-royal lay burial inside a church in pre-Norman England.Siward's Howe, i.e., Heslington Hill near York, was most likely named after Earl Siward, although probably because Siward held popular courts there rather than because it was his burial place. One of Siward's sons is known to have survived him, <mask>, whose mother was Ælfflæd. <mask> later rose to be an earl in the East Midlands before becoming Earl of Northumbria. When Waltheof rebelled against William the Conqueror, however, the act led to his execution and to his subsequent veneration as a saint at Crowland Abbey. <mask>'s daughter married David I, King of the Scots, and through this connection Siward became one of the many ancestors of the later Scottish and British monarchs. Besides

masks: Waltheof Waltheof Waltheof


title: Siward, Earl of Northumbria

texts:
 Ælfflæd, Siward is known to have been married to a woman named Godgifu, who died before Siward. The marriage is known from a grant she made of territory around Stamford, Lincolnshire, to Peterborough Abbey.Although no surviving children are attested, and no source states the name of Osbjorn's mother, this marriage has nonetheless raised the possibility that <mask> and Osbjorn were born to different mothers, and William Kapelle suggested that Siward may have originally intended Osbjorn to inherit his southern territories while Waltheof inherited those territories in the north associated with the family of his mother Ælfflæd. Notes

References

Primary sources

Secondary sources

External links

|-

Earls of Northumbria
Burials in York
1055 deaths
Year of birth


title: Thomas Henshaw (alchemist)

texts:
<mask> (1618–1700) was an English lawyer, courtier, diplomat and scientific writer. While not a published alchemist, he was a significant figure in English alchemical work from the 1650s onwards; he is known to have used the pen-name "Halophilus". Early life
The son of <mask> and his wife Anne, and brother to <mask>. he was baptised at St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, City of London, on 15 June 1618. After attending school at Barnet and then at Cripplegate, London, under <mask>, he was entered as commoner at University College, Oxford, in 1634, and remained there five years without taking a degree. At the suggestion of Obadiah Walker and Abraham Woodhead, he studied mathematics, a student of William Oughtred at Albury, Surrey for nine months from 1636, finding it more stimulating than the teaching of his tutor John Elmherst. He also knew the Rosicrucian scholar William Backhouse, who was another of Oughtred's pupils.<mask> entered the Middle Temple, and in 1637 became tutor there to John Evelyn, to become a lifelong friend, and his brothers. On the outbreak of the First English Civil War he joined Charles I at York. Soon afterwards he went to London, and was taken prisoner by the Parliamentarians. Continental travel

<mask> was allowed to leave England, on giving security not to join the king's army again, and sailed to Holland. He took part in a campaign under William II, Prince of Orange; and then entered the French army, in which he became major, and at some point served under Sir Robert Moray. He subsequently travelled through Spain, and on to Italy, where he lived at Rome, Venice and Padua. He spent a period from late 1644 as the travelling

masks:
Thomas Henshaw
Benjamin Henshaw
Nathaniel Henshaw
Thomas Farnaby
Henshaw
Henshaw


title: Thomas Henshaw (alchemist)

texts:
 companion of John Evelyn, whom he had encountered at Pisa.They visited Athanasius Kircher's showy rooms in Rome together. When Evelyn moved on to Venice, <mask> spent time accompanying the young Henry Howard. Evelyn, <mask> and Francis Bramston were then together at Padua for a period. At the end of the 1640s <mask> left to return to England. He left Paris, where he had been staying, and came back in 1650; or earlier, before the king's execution in January 1649. Under the Commonwealth
On his return to England <mask> kept a low profile into the 1650s, living a studious life in Kensington, then outside London. A "chemical club" in which he was involved was set up in 1650 by Robert Child: other members were <mask> and William Webbe.In alchemy he collaborated with Vaughan, who resided with him in Kensington, and Samuel Hartlib reported <mask>'s claims to have found the alkahest, with a formula of provenance from Jan Baptist van Helmont, via Hugh Plat. <mask> is referred to in the preface to Elias Ashmole's Way to Bliss (1658) as an expert in the occult science of the time; Ashmole's Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum (1652) had made good use of <mask>'s library. Hartlib noted <mask>'s plans for a college, one of a number of proposals of the time entertained also by Evelyn and his friend Abraham Cowley. <mask> was occupying the Pondhouse or Moathouse, in the manor of West Town, Kensington, a property that had been leased by his father. There for a period in the early 1650s a utopian "Christian Learned Society" existed; there was a group of eight, with <mask>, Vaughan and six others. Across the political divide of the time, <mask> kept in touch with Hartlib,

masks:
Henshaw
Henshaw
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Thomas Vaughan
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Henshaw
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Henshaw
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title: Thomas Henshaw (alchemist)

texts:
 and the title of the Society chimed exactly with the ideas of the Hartlib Circle, and in particular John Hall. The house itself was mostly demolished around 1800.Henshaw was called to the bar, in 1654, but dropped the practice of the common law. He sold his accommodation in the Middle Temple to Ashmole, in 1658. At about this time, according to one account, he attended meetings at Gresham College of the "Oxonian Society" for virtuosi and natural philosophers. Later life
<mask> was one of the council that succeeded the 1660 committee of 12, and that actually set up the Royal Society. He was chosen a Fellow of the Royal Society at its first constitution in 1663, and was an officer of the Society over many years. He continued alchemical researches, with Sir Robert Paston. When the Society was in the doldrums in the 1670s, he was one of the group meeting with Robert Hooke to promote its activity.In 1688 he borrowed a work by Franciscus Mercurius van Helmont from Francis Lodwick, another of the "Hooke circle" that functioned also as a book club. In 1672 Henshaw attended Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, ambassador extraordinary to the court of Denmark, as secretary of the embassy and assistant to the duke. The latter died on 12 December of the same year, and Henshaw was commanded to remain in Denmark as envoy extraordinary, and held the office for two years and a half. He was appointed Charles II's under-secretary of the French tongue and gentleman of the privy council in ordinary; the appointment, gained with Evelyn's help, was during the 1670s. He continued as French secretary under James II and William III (inscription on his tombstone). Henshaw


title: Thomas Henshaw (alchemist)

texts:
 spent the last years of his life at his house in Kensington, where he died on 2 January 1700. Works
<mask> published, from the Italian of Álvaro Semedo, History of the Great and Renowned Monarchy of China, to which is added a History of the late Invasion and Conquest of the flourishing Kingdom of the Tartars, with an exact account of the other Affairs of China, London, 1655.After the Restoration minor papers appeared by him in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, and two short treatises on making Salt Peter and Gunpowder. He edited with an epistle to the reader Stephen Skinner's Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ, 1671. In 1654 there was printed at Spa a Vindication of <mask>, sometime Major in the French King's service, in justification of himself against the Aspersions throwne upon him. In this he repudiates any share in plots on behalf of Charles II, but calls Oliver Cromwell "the greatest murtherer". This, however, was by a cousin of the same name. Family
According to his tombstone in the chancel of the parish church of Kensington, <mask> married Anne Kipping, daughter of Robert Kipping of Tewdley, Kent; they had six sons and two daughters. His wife died 4 October 1671.A daughter Anne, his sole survivor, married <mask> of Gaddesden, Hertfordshire. References
Gillian Darley (2006), John Evelyn: Living for Ingenuity

Notes

Attribution

Further reading
<mask> and Sir Robert Paston’S Pursuit of the Red Elixir: An Early Collaboration Between Fellows of the Royal Society by Donald R. Dickson

1618 births
1700 deaths
English barristers
17th-century English diplomats
English alchemists
Original Fellows of the Royal Society
17th-century

masks:
Henshaw
Thomas Henshaw
Henshaw
Thomas Halsey
Thomas Henshaw


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
<mask> (April 18, 1902 – November 16, 1975) was an American photographer whose work is included in over 90 major museum collections around the world. He received substantial critical acclaim during his lifetime, published numerous books and is mentioned in all the standard histories of modern photography. Life and career

Early career in music

<mask> was born in Chicago and raised in South Pasadena, California. As a boy, his passions were singing and athletics (football, baseball, swimming and tennis). After high school graduation, he moved to New York to pursue a musical career and was hired as a chorus member in Irving Berlin’s Music Box Revue. He occasionally sang the primary tenor role when headliner John Steele was unable to appear and then was given a major role with the Music Box Review Road Company. During the mid-1920s, he furthered his career in Europe, studying voice and giving concerts in France, Germany and Italy.While living in Paris, <mask> became fascinated with the work of the Impressionists and post-Impressionists. He then discovered the work of Man Ray and László Moholy-Nagy and experienced an immediate affinity with photography, not only as an art form uniquely based on light, but also as a vehicle through which he could more creatively engage with the world. He bought his first camera and began taking pictures. Return to the United States

During the Great Depression of the early 1930s, <mask> stopped his European travels and settled in West Virginia to manage his first wife's family business interests. He stopped singing professionally, completed some pre-law courses at the state university, and continued to take photographs as a hobby. In 1938, he moved his family back to Los

masks:
Wynn Bullock
Bullock
Bullock
Bullock


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
 Angeles and enrolled in law school at the University of Southern California where his mother <mask> (California's first woman jurist) had studied law. Completely dissatisfied after a few weeks, he left USC and became a student of photography at the nearby Art Center School.From 1938 to 1940, <mask> became deeply involved in exploring alternative processes such as solarization and bas relief. After graduation from Art Center, his experimental work was exhibited in one of L.A. County Museum's early solo photographic exhibitions. During the early 40s, he worked as a commercial photographer and then enlisted in the Army. Released from the military to photograph for the aircraft industry, he was first employed at Lockheed and then headed the photographic department of Connors-Joyce until the end of the war. Remarried, and with a new daughter, <mask> traveled throughout California from 1945 to 1946, producing and selling postcard pictures while co-owning a commercial photographic business in Santa Maria. He also worked on developing a way to control the line effect of solarization for which he later was awarded two patents. In 1946, he settled with his family in Monterey, where he had obtained the photographic concession at the Fort Ord military base.He left the concession in 1959, but continued commercial free-lance work until 1968. <mask> and Weston

A major turning point in <mask>'s life as a creative photographer occurred in 1948, when he met Edward Weston. Inspired by the power and beauty of Weston's prints, he began to explore "straight photography" for himself. Throughout the decade of the 1950s, he devoted himself to developing his own vision, establishing deep, direct connections with nature. A

masks:
Georgia Bullock
Bullock
Bullock
Bullock
Bullock


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
 lifelong learner, he also read widely in the areas of physics, general semantics, philosophy, psychology, eastern religion and art. Studying the work of such people as Albert Einstein, Korzybski, Alfred North Whitehead, Bertrand Russell, LaoTzu and Klee, he kept evolving his own dynamic system of principles and concepts that both reflected and nurtured his creative journey. The Family of Man

In the mid-1950s, <mask>'s artistry came into the public spotlight when Edward Steichen chose two of his photographs to include in the 1955 The Family of Man exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art.At the Corcoran Gallery in Washington, DC, his photograph "Let There Be Light," was voted the most popular of the show. The second, "Child in Forest," became one of the exhibition's most memorable images. By the end of that decade, his work was being featured in many exhibitions and publications worldwide. Color Light Abstractions

During the early 60s, <mask> departed from black-and-white imagery and produced a major body of work that he referred to as "Color Light Abstractions". For him, these photographs represented an in-depth exploration of light, manifesting his belief that light is a great force at the heart of all being, "perhaps," as he said, "the most profound truth in the universe." Although he was tremendously excited about this work, it proved to be ahead of its time in terms of available resources to reproduce it, and it remained largely unknown for almost 50 years. In 2008, the family estate started making high-resolution scans of his original 35 mm Kodachrome slides, producing archivally stable prints, and exhibiting and publishing the imagery.Philosophical explorations late in life

In the mid-1960s,

masks: Bullock Bullock


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
 frustrated by the limitations of color printing technology, <mask> returned to making black-and-white photographs, continuing to expand his vision to create innovative images that reflected his philosophical nature. Differentiating what he termed "reality", the visible and the known, from "existence", the underlying truth of things, he was ceaseless in his attempts to expand his own faculties of perception and understanding so he could come ever closer in his experiences to the essence of things. Finding the means to more fully evoke that essence was also a key part of his quest. Although he included several different alternative processes (extremely long time exposures, multiple images, up-side-down and negative printing) in his repertoire of techniques, each was always used in the service of symbolizing new ways of relating to and knowing the world. He wrote,

"Searching is everything – going beyond what you know. And the test of the search is really in the things themselves, the things you seek to understand. What is important is not what you think about them, but how they enlarge you."In the early 70s, <mask> started on a new leg of his creative journey, one that he found completely absorbing and deeply satisfying but which was cut short by incurable cancer. Many of his photographs from that period reveal light emanating from within the heart of things, life glowing and pulsing with energy and vitality. Other photographs are of natural forms that depict or suggest universal human qualities, humanity "deeply embedded in" and re-united with nature. Throughout his career, <mask> was an active lecturer, workshop leader and teacher, giving of himself to fellow seekers. As a master photographer, <mask>

masks: Bullock Bullock Bullock Bullock


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
 was one of five artists whose archives established the University of Arizona’s Center for Creative Photography. His work may also be found in the permanent collections of over 90 major institutions throughout the world as well as in numerous publications. Background

Family

<mask> married Mary Elizabeth McCarty in 1925; the marriage ended in divorce, in 1941.They had two children: <mask> (Mimi) (1930 ) and George (1935–1942). He married Edna Jeanette Earle in 1943 and they had two daughters: Barbara Ann (1945 ) and Lynne Marie (1953 ). Mimi, Edna, Barbara and Lynne each appear in images made during the 1950s. A year after <mask> died in 1975, Edna took up photography and enjoyed a twenty-year career as an artist before she died in 1997. Barbara formed collaborative relationships with both her parents during their lifetimes and has written extensively on their work. Education

<mask> took courses at Columbia University, 1925, and University of West Virginia, mid-1930s; attended and graduated from Art Center School in Los Angeles, 1938-1940. He was a lifelong student of philosophy, physics, general semantics, psychology, theology, spirituality and art.Influences

Impressionist and post-Impressionist paintings stimulated <mask>’s initial interest in the visual arts. The photographs of Man Ray and László Moholy-Nagy influenced his early experimental work as did Art Center School professor, Edward Kaminski. Although <mask> enjoyed close associations with Edward Weston, Imogen Cunningham, Ansel Adams, Ruth Bernhard and other prominent west coast photographers, he said,
"Theoretical scientists who probe the secrets of the universe and philosophers who seek answers to existence, as well as painters such as

masks:
Bullock
Mary Wynne
Bullock
Bullock
Bullock
Bullock


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
 Paul Klee who find the thoughts of men of science compatible with art, influence me far more than most photographers." Noteworthy accomplishments

<mask> obtained patents in the U.S., Canada, and Great Britain for a "Photographic Process for Producing Line Image" in the late 1940s. He was granted a second U.S. patent on the "Methods and Means for Matching Opposing Densities in Photographic Film" in the early 1950s. In 1957, he was honored with a medal from the Salon of International Photography and, throughout the 1960s, he received several awards from various professional photographic organizations. In 1968, <mask> became a trustee and chairman of the exhibition committee during the formative years of Friends of Photography in Carmel, California.Along with Ansel Adams, Harry Callahan, Aaron Siskind and Frederick Sommer, he became part of the founding group of photographers whose archives established the Center for Creative Photography at the University of Arizona in 1975. <mask> taught advanced photography courses at the Institute of Design in Chicago during Aaron Siskind's sabbatical and at San Francisco State College at the invitation of John Gutmann. He was a guest instructor for the Ansel Adams Yosemite Workshops. Throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, he lectured widely, led photographic workshops, and participated in many seminars and symposia on various topics and issues in photography. Quotes by <mask>

I didn't want to tell the tree or weed what it was. I wanted it to tell me something and through me express its meaning in nature. Light to me is perhaps the most profound truth in the universe.My thinking has been deeply affected by the belief everything is some form of radiant energy. I love


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
 the medium of photography, for with its unique realism it gives me the power to go beyond conventional ways of seeing and understanding and say, "This is real, too." I feel all things as dynamic events, being, changing, and interacting with each other in space and time even as I photograph them. As sounds in a musical composition can be used not to express physical objects but ideas, emotions, harmonies, rhythmic orders and most any expression of the human mind and spirit, so light can be used visually to express the mind and spirit. Light used in its own right, as in light pictures, gives to photography the wonderful plasticity that paint gives to painting without loss of the unmatched reality of straight photography. What you see is real - but only on the particular level to which you've developed your sense of seeing. You can expand your reality by developing new ways of perceiving.Mysteries lie all around us, even in the most familiar things, waiting only to be perceived. Notes

References

Further reading
<mask>, <mask> (1976). The Photograph as Symbol. Palo Alto: Artichoke Press. Zucker, Steven W.; Chasanoff, Allan; & Chuang, Joshua (Ed.) 2008. First Doubt: Optical Confusion in Modern Photography.New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery. Sander, Gloria Williams (2006). The Collectible Moment – Catalogue of Photographs in the Norton Simon Museum. New Haven: Yale University Press. Jensen, Brooks (2004). Rare and Unknown Bullock. Seattle: LensWork, October/November 2004.Weber, Al (2002). ‘'Tribute to <mask> <mask>: The Century Birthday Celebration. Photo Techniques, September/October, 2002. Sinsheimer, Karen (2002). Remembering <mask> <mask>. Photovision Art and Technique, May/June 2002. Gross,

masks: Bullock Wynn Wynn Bullock Wynn Bullock


title: Wynn Bullock

texts:
 Phillipe L.; & Shapiro, S. I.(2001); The Tao of Photography: Seeing Beyond Seeing. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. .<mask> <mask>: Listening with the Eyes, Seeing with the Heart'' essay by James Rhem, Stephen Daiter Gallery, Chicago, 2002. External links

Center for Creative Photography, University of Arizona
American Photography Archives Group: <mask> <mask> bio
The Nearby Café, A. D. Coleman
Museum of Contemporary Photography, Chicago Illinois
Weston Gallery, Carmel California
Biography at Stephen Daiter Gallery
Lumiere Gallery Exhibit of Bullock Works
 "Altering Perceptions; Capturing beauty and terror, renewal and decay." By William Meyers. The Wall Street Journal, July 2, 2014. Landscape photographers
Nature photographers
1902 births
1975 deaths
Photographers from California
People from Monterey, California
20th-century American photographers
People from South Pasadena,

masks: Wynn Bullock Wynn Bullock


title: Kazi Abul Kasem

texts:
<mask>, (; 7 May 1913 – 19 July 2004) pseudonym Dopiaza, was a Bengali polymath, pathfinder creative professional who is known as the very first Muslim cartoonist in the Indian subcontinent. Painting and drawing cartoons for many different renowned magazines from 1937 to 1980, Kasem have played different roles in his region from using arts to influence political movement to paint masterpieces for the national museum. <mask> was awarded for painting best cover art for children's publication by Bangla Academy, he was awarded for promoting child literature twice in a row by National Book Council of Bangladesh. Many of his assorted line drawings and illustrations were used in school's national textbook. Early life

Kasem was born in his uncle's house in Umedpur, Shailkupa, Jhenaidah to parents <mask> and Meher Un Nisa Khatun. He lost both of his parents by the age of five. He was then taken care by his maternal uncles.Driven by extreme thrust for knowledge, young Kasem enters to a Pathshala (school for pupils) mentored by Baser Munshi and arrogant and abusive teacher, upon witnessing Baser's brutal punishment toward the kids, Kasem decide to get an admission in Akharjani Primary School instead, where he first finds his artistic self through a drawing of an Ilish fish by the headmaster of the school. While living with his maternal uncles, he finishes up to fourth grade in G. T. elementary school. He skips fifth grade and moves on to Baliakandi High School through Pangsha, where he ends up awarded Bursary in seventh grade for his extraordinary result in final exams. Kasem was inspired by some colored paintings of nature, initially collected by his mother Meher Un Nisa, he was then moved

masks:
Kazi Abul Kasem
Kasem
Kazi Makbul Ali


title: Kazi Abul Kasem

texts:
 by the artworks of Abinash Chandra Sarkar and Nagendranath Kabiraj. As his uncles were from an extreme religion background, Kasem started training himself to draw and paint secretly. At this crucial verge of his life, his older brother <mask> <mask> Hosen (1911-1974, fictional literature) had encouraged his younger brother the foremost to proceed with his dream and become an artist. Calcutta: 1926–1950
Kasem's artwork was spotted by a padre named Reverend Barber, Barber acknowledges the potential artist living within the young artist and takes Kasem with him to provide an opportunity by finding admission to Calcutta Government School of Art.Kasem passes the entry examination but unfortunately, he was too young to start his college life there and forced to return to his motherland. <mask> focuses on studying seventh grade in Baliakandihigh school after returning from Calcutta for the first time, meanwhile his older brother <mask> <mask> Hosen convinced his younger brother to join him on a journey to Assam a state of India located north-east from Bangladesh, Kasem was convinced upon realizing that he will have the chance to paint additional natural scenery up there. They start their journey to Assam and Kasem puts an end to his academic career. Kasem have drawn many oil paintings in Assam, most of them of nature only, he and his brother started taking shelter in random places at night, they start travelling Kamarupa, Kamakhya, Pandu, Guwahati, Lumding and many other places, mostly surrounded by rocky mountains or forestry. From excessive traveling, Kasem becomes fatigue and financially broke. As a result, Kasem start working as Railway Contractor in Lumding train station, that is how

masks: Kazi Abul Kasem Kazi Abul


title: Kazi Abul Kasem

texts:
 pseudonym Kasem used as a trademark sign after finishing with any political cartoons, his cartoons were published in Saogat, Hanafi and many other famous magazines based on renowned editorial board.Different newspapers such as Ittefaq, Daily Shangbad, Daily Azad use to publish his political cartoons. A feature animation studio hired <mask> as key animator, he also worked as an inbetweener for making an animated feature called Shabash under producer V. P. Malik Debaprakash Malik in 1946 on Mumbai. To take a break from constantly producing illustrations, paintings, and cartoons; <mask> used to practice music composition and singing, he uses to perform gigs on radio featuring as a vocal artist in All India Radio station in the mid-1940s. He was awarded silver medals twice for Outstanding Performance in Music by Shri Dev Narayan Dev, Councilor of Calcutta Corporation. From very young age Kasem was attracted to music, when he was in Calcutta he took lessons on Indian classical music, Ghazal and folk music from Ustaad Mohamed Husain Khasru (1903-1959), classical musician and composer; Ustad Abdul Karim Khan, Girija Shankar and Ustad Kader Baksh, known as the teacher of the most renowned tabla player of twentieth century. Kasem has composed more than hundreds of songs, a book was published on 1967 from his selected 26 songs called Ganguli Mor (My songs), the book contained, Ragga (3), baul (1), Jhumur (1), Vatiyali (1), Ghazal (3) and Aadhunik (15) etc. 11 songs among the 26, were broadcast on Dhaka Radio Station, most of the songs were composed and instrumented by Ustad Kader Jameri.References

1913 births
2004 deaths
Bangladeshi painters
Bangladeshi lyricists
Recipients of Bangla Academy

masks: Kasem Kasem


title: Hassan Almrei

texts: <mask> ( also childhood name Abu al-Hareth) (born in Syria on January 1, 1974), a Syrian citizen, arrived in Canada in 1999 claiming refugee status. He has been since held, and accused of terrorist connections and ideology, for his "reputation... for obtaining false documents", and his relationship with Ibn al-Khattab following time shared together during the Civil war in Tajikistan. He had "not supported Khattab financially or otherwise", but "admired Khattab... had pictures of Khattab on his computer; and visited Chechen extremist websites". The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) has also alleged that <mask> has demonstrated a "devotion to Osama bin Laden and his ideals... by fighting in Afghanistan", although he fought Communist-backed troops and rival forces in Afghanistan between 1990-1994 while bin Laden was still living in the Sudan. He has argued that it is "gross stereotyping" to suggest that every person who fought the Soviets in Afghanistan must therefore support Osama bin Laden. He claims to believe al-Qaeda is "contrary to the teachings of Islam", and refers to them as a terrorist organisation which participates in unjustified violence. CSIS claims that his role as a soldier in both Afghanistan and Tajikistan prove that he believes in "guns and violence" nevertheless.After a special prison was built for the five long-term prisoners held on security certificates, four were released on bail and house arrest terms, leaving Almrei as the sole occupant of the prison which continued to operate at a cost of $2.6 million annually to house Almrei alone. He was ordered released under house arrest by a Federal Court judge on January 2, 2009. On December 14, 2009, he was further released and not considered a suspect anymore. The evidence against him was based on informants' tips, wiretaps, and his admission of travel to places like Afghanistan and Pakistan. The case against him was based on outdated and sketchy knowledge of Al Qaeda and other extremist Islamic groups, and loaded with information that "could only be construed as

masks:
Hassan Ahmed Almrei
Almrei


title: Hassan Almrei

texts:
 stated that he closed his business from as early as 1996 to as late as January 1998, and was unemployed from thence on. Although New York Times reporter Judith Miller claimed that he used his honey business to smuggle money for militants, analysts say there is no evidence to support that and Almrei has raised issue with Miller's history of controversy. After her story was published, he claimed that he sold chiefly perfume and oud, but later stated that he sold primarily honey, importing 500 kg from Pakistan. He unsuccessfully tried to immigrate to Canada with his Syrian passport #3286630 on April 19, 1998, stating that he wished to visit Hisham Al Taha in Richmond, British Columbia.He later claimed to have never spoken to al Taha and that he'd just put down his name on the advice of a friend who told him it would improve his chances of being accepted for a visa. He traveled to Thailand in August 1998, where he met a Palestinian people smuggler named Ghaled whom he befriended given his own reputation for acquiring false passports. In Canada

On January 2, 1999, he flew to Toronto Pearson International Airport from Jordan. Upon landing he claimed that he had used a forged passport from the United Arab Emirates and had destroyed it. He was picked up at the airport by his "good friend" Ahmed Al Kaysee, whom he'd met while in Afghanistan. In September 1999, Almrei and five other men had been in a restricted portion of Pearson Airport, as they "appeared to have access cards and codes". The explanation has been offered that these six men were working in the airport at temporary jobs, and their credentials were legitimate.He also maintained contact with the Thai smuggler. Attending Jami Mosque, Almrei met Ibrahim Ishak, who introduced himself as a Bosnian immigration consultant. Almrei later directed two people seeking help acquiring G-class driver's licences to Ishak, who paid him for the referral. Within months of arriving, he had become close friends with <mask>, and would help him with his fruit stand, where he initially had trouble speaking to female


title: Hassan Almrei

texts:
 truth would be incriminating. He also said that he had been tasked to run a girls' school in Tajikistan by Al Haramin. While at the Toronto West Detention Centre, he staged two hunger strikes - a 39-day fast that succeeded in ensuring winter clothing and shoes in his cell during the winter, and a 73-day fast calling for an hour of exercise per day. During the first strike, guards at the prison had offered to slip him some shoes against the rules, but he refused and said he would wait until the court ruled he was legally entitled to them. In 2003, <mask>, who volunteered as a janitor in the prison, witnessed a prison guard being assaulted by an inmate and intervened, helping to pull the attacker off the officer and then hitting an emergency button to call other guards to assist.Subsequently, he carries a stigma and requested he be allowed to remain in solitary confinement rather than released into the general prison population, as he maintained the guards were his "friends". In 2005 he mentioned that he'd lost respect for his friend Al Kaysee, who had remained friends up until the day of Almrei's arrest, and since then had not even asked mutual friends how he was faring, muchless visited him in prison. He spent most of his time in prison watching the CPAC Parliamentary channel, and said he did not harbour a grudge against Canada for his treatment since he came from Saudi Arabia and Syria which have even fewer human rights. In April 2006, he was moved to a new detention facility at Millhaven Institution, specifically meant to house those held under security certificates. Applications for release
At his first application for bail release, in June 2003, it was proposed that Almrei, who has no family in Canada, could live with Dr. Diana Ralph and her partner Jean Hanson, who spent C$38,000 renovating their basement apartment to accommodate Almrei and offered C$10,000 in cash towards the bail amount. As evidence that Almrei was not an extremist, Ralph pointed out that he had accepted her, a Jewish lesbian, as a close friend and had told her that only God


title: Hassan Almrei

texts: could judge people. At Almrei's second application for release, in 2005, he attracted the attention of Alexandre Trudeau, who offered to post C$5000 after meeting him while filming a documentary on the security certificate issue.He was again requesting to be released to Ralph and Hanson who volunteered to coach him towards studying at the University of Toronto. In addition, his close friend <mask> offered to post C$3000 in bail. Elizabeth and Francis Barningham put forward C$10,000 as did Frank Lloyd Showler, a retired human rights activist. Imam Ali Hindy offered C$28,000, Matthew Barents offered C$2500, professor Sharon Aiken offered C$1000 and another five people also donated C$100 or less, including Member of Parliament Alexa McDonough. At his third application for release in 2007, Almrei was supported by two new Members of Parliament who offered to act as sureties and post bail for him, Bill Siksay (C$10,000) and Andrew Telegdi (C$500), while McDonough again reiterated symbolic support ($250) and Trudeau again offered C$5000, while Ralph and Hanson increased their bail offer to C$60,000. Erma Wolfe also offered C$3000 and suggested Almrei could live in the basement apartment attached to her house. And Hindy, the local Imam, gathered C$15,000 from the local Muslim community to contribute.On October 5, Justice Lemieux dismissed the application noting that the proposed bail conditions were "wholly inadequate". In Carolyn Layden-Stevenson's ruling rejecting the second application, she quoted a confidential CSIS agent named only as P.G. as having testified about Ahmed Khadr dying in 2004, when he actually died in 2003. He also stated that he "was not aware" of any detainees in Guantanamo or elsewhere who had not "take[n] up terrorist activities" once they were released, even though 279 detainees had been released from Guantanamo alone, of whom between 3-30 were alleged to have taken up militant activities upon their release. Another CSIS agent identified only as J.P., the Deputy Chief of Counterterrorism and Counterproliferation in the Ottawa


title: Hassan Almrei

texts:
 Regional Office as of 2005, testified against the petitions for release by Almrei, Jaballah and Charkaoui. J.P. also testified that the Peshawar guest house had been "associated with al-Qaeda... since 1984", although even the most liberal estimates suggest that the group did not exist until 1988-1990. Almrei was ordered released under house arrest by Federal Court Justice Richard Mosley on January 2, 2009, under strict monitoring conditions including an electronic tracking leg-bracelet.This judge was a federal assistant deputy justice minister who helped draft Canada's post 9/11 anti-terror laws before being appointed in 2003. Release
On December 14, 2009, more than eight years after his arrest, the same judge who ordered his house arrest disposed the security certificate against him. The judge concluded that the evidence – both secret and public – against him did not hold up to scrutiny. While there were "reasonable grounds to believe that <mask>i was a danger to the security of Canada when he was detained in 2001" he concluded that "there are no longer reasonable grounds to believe that he is a security risk today". In a comment this was paraphrased: what was reasonable in 2001 because much was unknown, was not reasonable anymore in 2009,

The court was critical of CSIS and the federal ministers of Public Safety and Immigration, who signed a new certificate in 2008 against Almrei and four others. Mosley said CSIS and the ministers "breached their duties of utmost good faith and candour to the court by not thoroughly reviewing the information in their possession, prior to the issuance of the February 2008 certificate." Earlier in 2009, another judge threw out a security certificate against Adil Charkaoui, after the Canadian Security Intelligence Service withdrew secret evidence, fearing its disclosure would jeopardize its sources.References

1974 births
Living people
Syrian Sunni Muslims
Syrian refugees
People imprisoned on charges of terrorism
Syrian people imprisoned abroad
Prisoners and detainees of Canada
Syrian emigrants to Saudi