title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: Jones, Chet Walker, Luke Jackson, and Matt Guokas hit a combined 25 of 74 shots), and <mask> grabbed 34 rebounds and shot 4-of-9, <mask> himself scored only 14 points.In the second half of Game 7, <mask> did not attempt a single shot from the field. Cherry observes a strange pattern in that game, as in a typical Sixers game, <mask> got the ball 60 times in the low post but only 23 times in Game 7, and only seven times in the third and only twice in the fourth quarter. <mask> later blamed coach Hannum for the lack of touches, a point which the coach conceded himself, but Cherry points out that <mask>, who always thought of himself as the best player of all time, should have been outspoken enough to demand the ball himself. The loss meant that <mask> was now 1–6 in playoff series against the Celtics. After that season, coach Alex Hannum wanted to be closer to his family on the West Coast; he left the Sixers to coach the Oakland Oaks in the newly founded American Basketball Association (ABA). <mask> then asked for a trade, and Sixers general manager Jack Ramsay traded him to the Los Angeles Lakers for Darrall Imhoff, Archie Clark, and Jerry Chambers. The motivation for this move remains in dispute.According to sportswriter Roland Lazenby, a journalist close to the Lakers, <mask> was angry at Kosloff for breaking the alleged Richman–<mask> deal. According to Ramsay, <mask> threatened to jump to the ABA after Hannum left, and forced the trade himself. Cherry finally adds several personal reasons, among them <mask> felt he had grown too big for Philadelphia, sought the presence of fellow celebrities, which were plenty in Los Angeles,


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 and finally also desired the opportunity to date white women, which was possible for a black man in Los Angeles but hard to imagine elsewhere back then. Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973)

1968–69 NBA season
On July 9, 1968, the trade between the Lakers and Sixers was completed, making it the first time a reigning NBA MVP was traded the next season. Lakers owner Jack Kent Cooke gave <mask> an unprecedented contract, paying him $250,000 after taxes (about $ million in real value); in comparison, previous Lakers top earner Jerry West was paid $100,000 before taxes (about $,000 in real value). <mask> joined a squad which featured Hall-of-Fame forward Elgin Baylor and Hall-of-Fame guard Jerry West, along with backup center Mel Counts, forwards Keith Erickson and Tom Hawkins, and talented 5'11" guard Johnny Egan. The lack of a second guard next to West, and the lack of speed and quickness concerned, coach Butch Van Breda Kolff.After losing Clark and Gail Goodrich, who joined the Phoenix Suns after the 1968 expansion draft, he said: "Egan gets murdered on defense because of his [lack of] size ... but if I don't play him, we look like a bunch of trucks." In addition, Cherry observed that <mask> was neither a natural leader nor a loyal follower, which made him difficult to fit in. While he was on cordial terms with Jerry West, he often argued with team captain Elgin Baylor, later explaining in regard to Baylor: "We were good friends, but ... [in] black culture ... you never let the other guy one-up you." The greatest problem was his tense relationship with Lakers coach Bill Van Breda Kolff. Pejoratively calling the new recruit "The Load", he

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texts: later complained that <mask> was egotistical, never respected him, too often slacked off in practice and focused too much on his own statistics. In return, <mask> blasted Van Breda Kolff as "the dumbest and worst coach ever." Laker Keith Erickson observed that "Butch catered to Elgin and Jerry ... and that is not a good way to get on <mask>'s side ... that relationship was doomed from the start."<mask> experienced a problematic and often frustrating season. Van Breda Kolff benched him several times, which never happened in his career before; in mid-season, <mask>, a perennial scoring champion, had two games in which he scored only six and then only two points. Playing through his problems, <mask> averaged 20.5 points and 21.1 rebounds a game that season. Jack Kent Cooke was pleased because ticket sales went up by 11% since acquiring <mask>. In the 1969 NBA playoffs, the Lakers dispatched 4–2 <mask>'s old club, the San Francisco Warriors, after losing the first two games, and then defeated the Atlanta Hawks, and met <mask>'s familiar rivals, Bill Russell's Boston Celtics. Going into the series as 3-to-1 favorites, the Lakers won the first two games but dropped the next two. <mask> was criticized as a non-factor in the series, getting neutralized by Russell with little effort.In Game 5, <mask> scored 13 points and grabbed 31 rebounds, leading Los Angeles to a 117–104 win. In Game 6, the Celtics won 99–90, and <mask> only scored 8 points. Cherry accuses him of choking because if "<mask> had come up big and put up a normal 30 point scoring night", the Lakers would have probably won their first championship at Los Angeles. Game 7

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title: Wilt Chamberlain

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 featured a surreal scene because Lakers owner Jack Kent Cooke put up thousands of balloons in the rafters of the Forum in Los Angeles in anticipation of a Lakers win. This display of arrogance motivated the Celtics. In Game 7, the Lakers trailed 91–76 after three quarters. The Lakers mounted a comeback, but then <mask> twisted his knee after a rebound and had to be replaced by Mel Counts.With three minutes to go, the Lakers trailed 103–102, but they committed costly turnovers and lost the game 108–106, despite a triple-double from West, who had 42 points, 13 rebounds, and 12 assists, and became the only player in NBA history to be named Finals MVP despite being on the losing team. After the game, many wondered why <mask> sat out the final six minutes. At the time of his final substitution, he had scored 18 points (hitting seven of his eight shots) and grabbed 27 rebounds, significantly better than the 10 points of Mel Counts on 4-of-13 shooting. Among others, Russell did not believe <mask>'s injury was grave, and openly accused him of being a malingerer, stating: "Any injury short of a broken leg or a broken back is not enough." In spite of their earlier quarrels, Van Breda Kolff came to his defense, insisting the often-maligned <mask> hardly was able to move in the end. Van Breda Kolff himself was perceived as "pig-headed" for benching <mask>, and soon resigned as Lakers coach. Cherry comments that some journalists reported how Game 7 destroyed two careers: "<mask>'s because he wouldn't take over and Van Breda Kolff because he wouldn't give in."1969–70 NBA season
In the 1969–70 NBA season under new coach Joe Mullaney, <mask>

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Wilt Chamberlain


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: began the season strongly, averaging 32.2 points per game and 20.6 rebounds per game over the first nine games of the season. During the ninth game, he had a serious knee injury, suffering a total rupture of the patellar tendon at the base of his right kneecap, and missed the next several months before appearing in the final three games of the 82-game regular season, the first season in which he failed to reach 20 rebounds per game. Owing to his strong start, he still managed to put up a season-average 27.3 points, 18.4 rebounds and 4.1 assists per game. The Lakers again charged through the 1970 NBA Playoffs, and in the 1970 NBA Finals were pitted against the New York Knicks, loaded with future Hall-of-Famers Willis Reed, Dave DeBusschere, Bill Bradley, and Walt Frazier. Cherry observed that Reed, a prolific midrange shooter, was a bad matchup for <mask>. Having lost lateral quickness due to his injury, <mask> was often too slow to block Reed's preferred high post jump shots. In Game 1, the Knicks masterminded a 124–112 win in which Reed scored 37 points.In Game 2, <mask> scored 19 points, grabbed 24 rebounds, and blocked Reed's shot in the final seconds, leading the Lakers to a 105–103 win. Game 3 saw Jerry West famously hit a 60-foot shot at the buzzer to tie the game at 102; however, the Knicks took the game 111–108. In Game 4, <mask> scored 18 points and grabbed 25 rebounds and helped tie the series at 2. In Game 5, with the Knicks trailing by double digits, Reed pulled his thigh muscle and seemed to be done for the series. By conventional wisdom, <mask> now should have dominated against little-used Knicks backup centers Nate

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title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts:
 Bowman and Bill Hosket or forwards Bradley and DeBusschere, who gave up more than half a foot against him. Instead, the Lakers gave away their 13-point halftime lead and succumbed to the aggressive Knicks defense, as they committed 19 second-half turnovers, and the two main scorers (<mask> and West) shot the ball in the entire second half only three and two times, respectively. The Lakers lost 107–100 in what was called one of the greatest comebacks in NBA Finals history.In Game 6, <mask> scored 45 points, grabbed 27 rebounds, and almost single-handedly equalized the series in a 135–113 Lakers win, and with Reed out, the Knicks seemed doomed prior to Game 7 in New York; however, the hero of that Game 7 was Willis Reed, who famously hobbled up court, scored the first four points, and inspired his team to one of the most famous playoff upsets of all time. The Knicks led by 27 at halftime, and despite scoring 21 points, <mask> could not prevent a third consecutive loss in Game 7. <mask> was criticized for his inability to dominate his injured counterpart but Cherry pointed out that his feat, coming back from a career-threatening injury himself, was too quickly forgotten. 1970–71 NBA season

In the 1970–71 NBA season, the Lakers made a notable move by signing future Hall-of-Fame guard Gail Goodrich, who came back from the Phoenix Suns after playing for the Lakers until 1968. <mask> averaged 20.7 points, 18.2 rebounds, and 4.3 assists, once again led the NBA in rebounding, and the Lakers won the Pacific Division title. After losing Elgin Baylor to an Achilles tendon rupture that effectively ended his career, and especially after


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: losing Jerry West after a knee injury, the handicapped Lakers were seen as underdogs against the Milwaukee Bucks of freshly crowned MVP Lew Alcindor, and veteran Hall-of-Fame guard Oscar Robertson in the Western Conference Finals. Winning the regular season with 66 wins, the Bucks were seen as favourites against the depleted Lakers; still, many pundits were looking forward to the matchup between the 34-year-old <mask> and the 24-year-old Alcindor.In Game 1, Alcindor outscored <mask> 32–22, and the Bucks won 106–85. In Game 2, the Bucks won again despite <mask> scoring 26 points, four more than his Milwaukee counterpart. Prior to Game 3, things became even worse for the Lakers when Keith Erickson, West's stand-in, had an appendectomy and was out for the season; with rookie Jim McMillian easing the scoring pressure, <mask> scored 24 points and grabbed 24 rebounds in a 118–107 victory, but the Bucks defeated the Lakers 117–94 in Game 4 to take a 3–1 series lead. Milwaukee closed out the series at home with a 116–98 victory in Game 5. Although <mask> lost, he was lauded for holding his own against MVP Alcindor, who was not only 10 years younger but healthy. After the 1971 NBA Playoffs, <mask> challenged heavyweight boxing legend Muhammad Ali to a fight. The 15-round bout would have taken place on July 26, 1971, in the Houston Astrodome.<mask> trained with Cus d'Amato but later backed out, withdrawing the much-publicized challenge, by way of a contractual escape clause which predicated the <mask> match on Ali beating Joe Frazier in a fight scheduled for early 1971, which became  Ali's first professional loss, enabling <mask> to

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 legally withdraw from the bout. In a 1999 interview, <mask> stated that boxing trainer Cus D'Amato had twice before, in 1965 and 1967, approached the basketball star with the idea, and that he and Ali had each been offered $5 million for the bout. In 1965, <mask> had consulted his father, who had seen Ali fight, and finally said no. Lakers owner Jack Kent Cooke had also offered <mask> a record-setting contract on the condition that <mask> agree to give up what Cooke termed "this boxing foolishness." In 1967, recently retired NFL star Jim Brown acted as <mask>'s manager, but Ali's manager Jabir Herbert Muhammad backed out of the <mask> match which was slated to take place at Madison Square Garden. 1971–72 NBA season: second championship season
In the 1971–72 NBA season, the Lakers hired former Celtics star guard Bill Sharman as head coach. Sharman introduced morning shoot-arounds, in which the perennial latecomer <mask> regularly participated (in contrast to earlier years with Dolph Schayes) and transformed him into a defensive-minded, low-scoring post defender in the mold of his old rival Bill Russell.Furthermore, he told <mask> to use his rebounding and passing skills to quickly initiate fastbreaks to his teammates. While no longer being the main scorer, <mask> was named the new captain of the Lakers. After rupturing his Achilles tendon, perennial captain Elgin Baylor retired, leaving a void <mask> now filled. Initially, Sharman wanted <mask> and West to share this duty, but West declined, stating he was injury-prone and wanted to solely concentrate on the game. <mask> accepted his new roles and posted an all-time low 14.8

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texts: points per game but also won the rebound crown with 19.2 rebounds per game and led the league with a .649 field goal percentage. Powered by his defensive presence, the Lakers embarked on an unprecedented 33-game win streak en route to a then-record 69 wins in the regular season, yet the streak led to one strangely dissonant event. According to Flynn Robinson, after the record-setting streak, Lakers owner Cooke sought to reward each of his players, who were expecting perhaps a trip to Hawaii, with a $5 pen set.In response, <mask> had everybody put all the pens in the middle of the floor and stepped on them. In the post-season, the Lakers swept the Chicago Bulls, then went on to face the Milwaukee Bucks of young superstar center and regular-season MVP Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (formerly Lew Alcindor). The matchup between <mask> and Abdul-Jabbar was hailed by Life magazine as the greatest matchup in all of sports. <mask> would help lead the Lakers past Abdul-Jabbar and the Bucks in six games. Particularly, <mask> was lauded for his performance in Game 6, which the Lakers won 104–100 after trailing by 10 points in the fourth quarter; <mask> scored 24 points and 22 rebounds, played all 48 minutes, and outsprinted the younger Bucks center on several late Lakers fast breaks. Jerry West called it "the greatest ball-busting performance I have ever seen." <mask> performed so well in the series that Time magazine stated: "In the N.B.A.'s western division title series with Milwaukee, he (<mask>) decisively outplayed basketball's newest giant superstar, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, eleven years his junior." In the 1972 NBA Finals, the Lakers again met the

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: New York Knicks, which were shorthanded after losing 6'9" Willis Reed to injury, and so undersized 6'8" Jerry Lucas had the task to defend against the 7'1" <mask>. Prolific outside shooter Lucas helped New York to win Game 1, hitting nine of his 11 shots in the first half alone. In Game 2, which the Lakers won 106–92, <mask> put Lucas into foul trouble, and the Knicks lost defensive power forward Dave DeBusschere to injury. In Game 3, <mask> scored 26 points and grabbed 20 rebounds for another Lakers win. In a fiercely battled Game 4, <mask> was playing with five fouls late in the game. Having never fouled out in his career, a feat that he was very proud of, <mask> played aggressive defense despite the risk of fouling out, and blocked two of Lucas' shots in overtime, proving those wrong who said he only played for his own stats; he ended scoring a game-high 27 points.In that game, he fell on his right hand, and was said to have sprained it but it was actually broken. For Game 5, <mask>'s hands were packed into thick pads normally destined for defensive linesmen in American football; he was offered a painkilling shot but refused because he feared he would lose his shooting touch if his hands became numb. In Game 5, <mask> recorded 24 points, 29 rebounds, 8 assists, and 8 blocked shots. While blocked shots were not an official NBA statistic at that time, announcer Keith Jackson counted the blocks during the broadcast. <mask>'s outstanding all-around performance helped the Lakers win their first championship in Los Angeles with a decisive 114–100 win. <mask> was named Finals MVP, and was admired for dominating the Knicks in Game 5

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


title: Wilt Chamberlain

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 while playing injured. 1972–73 NBA season
The 1972–73 NBA season was to be <mask>'s last, although he did not know this at the time.In his last season, the Lakers lost substance, as Happy Hairston was injured, Flynn Robinson and LeRoy Ellis had left, and veteran Jerry West struggled with injury. <mask> averaged 13.2 points and 18.6 rebounds, still enough to win the rebounding crown for the 11th time in his career. In addition, he shot an NBA record 0.727 for the season, bettering his own mark of 0.683 from the 1966–67 season. It was the ninth time <mask> would lead the league in field goal percentage. The Lakers won 60 games in the regular season and reached the 1973 NBA Finals against the New York Knicks. This time, the tables were turned, as the Knicks now featured a healthy team with a rejuvenated Willis Reed, and the Lakers were now handicapped by several injuries. In that series, the Lakers won Game 1 115–112, but the Knicks won Games 2 and 3; things worsened when Jerry West injured his hamstring yet again.In Game 4, the shorthanded Lakers were no match for New York. In Game 5, the valiant but injured West and Hairston had miserable games, and despite <mask> scoring 23 points and grabbing 21 rebounds, the Lakers lost 102–93 and the series. After the Knicks finished off the close fifth game with a late flourish led by Earl Monroe and Phil Jackson, <mask> made a dunk with one second left, which turned out to be the last play of his NBA career. Coaching career

San Diego Conquistadors (1973–1974)
In 1973, the San Diego Conquistadors of the NBA rival league ABA signed <mask> as a player-coach for a $600,000 salary. The Lakers

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title: Wilt Chamberlain

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 sued their former star and successfully prevented him from actually playing because he still owed them the option year of his contract. Barred from playing, <mask> mostly left the coaching duties to his assistant Stan Albeck, who recalled: "<mask> ... has a great feel for pro basketball ... the day-to-day things that are an important part of basketball ... just bored him. He did not have the patience."The players were split on <mask>, who was seen as competent but often indifferent and more occupied with promotion of his autobiography Wilt: Just Like Any Other 7-Foot Black Millionaire Who Lives Next Door than with coaching. He once skipped a game to sign autographs for the book. In his single season as a coach, the Conquistadors went a mediocre 37–47 in the regular season and lost against the Utah Stars in the Division Semifinals. After the season, <mask> retired from professional basketball; in addition, he was displeased by the meager attendance, as crowds averaged 1,843, just over half of the team's small San Diego 3,200-seat sports arena. NBA career statistics

Regular season

Playoffs

Post-NBA career
After his stint with the Conquistadors, <mask> successfully went into business and entertainment, made money in stocks and real estate, bought a popular Harlem nightclub, which he renamed Big Wilt's Smalls Paradise, and invested in broodmares. <mask> also sponsored his personal professional volleyball and track and field teams, and also provided high-level teams for girls and women in basketball, track, volleyball and softball, and made money by appearing in ads for TWA, American Express, Volkswagen, Drexel Burnham, Le Tigre


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: Clothing, and Foot Locker. After his basketball career, volleyball became <mask>'s new passion.Being a talented hobby volleyballer during his Lakers days, he became a board member of the newly founded International Volleyball Association in 1974, and then its president one year later. As a testament to his importance, the IVA All-Star game was televised only because <mask> also played in it; he rose to the challenge and was named the game's MVP. He played occasional matches for the IVA Seattle Smashers before the league folded in 1979. <mask> promoted the sport so effectively that he was named to the Volleyball Hall of Fame, and he became one of the few athletes who were enshrined in different sports. In 1976, <mask> turned to his interest in movies, forming a film production and distribution company to make his first film, entitled Go For It. Starting in the 1970s, he formed Wilt's Athletic Club, a track and field club in southern California, coached by then UCLA assistant coach Bob Kersee in the early days of his career. Among the members of the team were Florence Griffith, before she set the current world records in the 100 meters and 200 meters; three-time world champion Greg Foster; and future Olympic Gold medalists Andre Phillips, Alice Brown, and Jeanette Bolden.In all, he claimed 60 athletes with aspirations of expanding to 100. While actively promoting the sport in 1982, <mask> claimed he was considering a return to athletic competition but not in basketball; rather, in Masters athletics. At the time, he claimed he had only been beaten in the high jump once, by Olympic champion Charles Dumas, and that he had never been


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: beaten in the shot put, including beating Olympic legend Al Oerter. <mask> played a villainous warrior and counterpart of Arnold Schwarzenegger in the film Conan the Destroyer (1984). In November 1998, he signed with Ian Ng Cheng Hin, CEO of Northern Cinema House Entertainment (NCH Entertainment), to do his own bio-pic, wanting to tell his life story his way. He had been working on the screenplay notes for over a year at the time of his death. Sy Goldberg, <mask>'s longtime attorney, said: "He was more inquisitive than anybody I ever knew.He was writing a screenplay about his life. He was interested in world affairs, sometimes he'd call me up late at night and discuss philosophy. I think he'll be remembered as a great man. He happened to make a living playing basketball but he was more than that. He could talk on any subject. He was a Goliath." When million-dollar contracts became common in the NBA, <mask> increasingly felt he had been underpaid during his career.A result of this resentment was the 1997 book Who's Running the Asylum? Inside the Insane World of Sports Today (1997), in which he harshly criticized the NBA of the 1990s for being too disrespectful of players of the past. Even far beyond his playing days, <mask> was a very fit person. In his mid-forties, he was able to humble rookie Magic Johnson in practice, and he flirted with making a comeback in the NBA even in the 1980s. In the 1980–81 NBA season, coach Larry Brown recalled that the 45-year-old <mask> had received an offer from the Cleveland Cavaliers. When <mask> was 50, the New Jersey Nets had the same idea but were declined. He would continue to epitomize


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 physical fitness for years to come, including participating in several marathons.Death
<mask> had a history of heart trouble. In 1992, he was briefly hospitalized for an irregular heartbeat. According to those close to him, he eventually began taking medication for his heart troubles. In 1999, his condition deteriorated rapidly. During this time, he lost 50 pounds. After undergoing dental surgery in the week before his death, he was in great pain and seemed unable to recover from the stress. On October 12, 1999, <mask> died in Bel-Air, California, at the age of 63.His agent Sy Goldberg stated <mask> died of congestive heart failure. NBA players and officials were saddened at the loss of a player they universally remembered as a symbol of the sport. His lifelong on-court rival and personal friend Bill Russell stated "the fierceness of our competition bonded us together for eternity", and Celtics coach Red Auerbach praised <mask> as vital for the success of the entire NBA. Ex-Lakers teammate Jerry West remembered him as an utterly dominant yet friendly and humorous player, and fellow Hall-of-Famers Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Johnny Kerr, Phil Jackson, and Wes Unseld called <mask> one of the greatest players in the history of the sport. Legacy

Awards and honors

 NBA
 2× NBA champion (, )
 NBA Finals MVP (1972)
 4× NBA Most Valuable Player (, –)
 13× NBA All-Star (–, –)
 NBA All-Star Game MVP (1960)
 7× All-NBA First Team (1960–, , 1966–1968)
 3× All-NBA Second Team (, , )
 2× NBA All-Defensive First Team (1972, )
 NBA Rookie of the Year (1960)

 Leading titles
 7× NBA scoring champion (1960–1966)
 11× NBA rebounding champion (1960–1963,


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 1966–, –1973)
 9× NBA minutes leader (1960–1964, 1966–)
 9x NBA field goal percentage leader (1962, 1963, 1965–1969, 1972–1973)
 NBA assist leader (1968)

 Post-career
 Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame (1978)
 NBA 35th Anniversary Team (1980)
 NBA 50th Anniversary Team (1996)
 Ranked No. 13 in ESPN list of top athletes of the 20th century (1999)
 Ranked No. 2 in ESPN list of best centers ever (2007)
 Ranked No.2 in Slams "Top 50 NBA Players of All Time in NBA History" (2009)
 Ranked No. 6 in ESPN list of top 74 NBA players of all time (2020)
 NBA 75th Anniversary Team (2021)

 Retired numbers
 No. 13 jersey retired by the Kansas Jayhawks
 No. 13 retired by the Harlem Globetrotters
 No. 13 retired by the Golden State Warriors
 No. 13 retired by the Philadelphia 76ers
 No. 13 retired by the Los Angeles Lakers

 High school and college
 Mr. Basketball USA (1955)
 NCAA Tournament Most Outstanding Player (1957)
 2× Consensus first-team All-American (1957, 1958)

Individual achievements and recognition

<mask> is regarded as one of the most extraordinary and dominant basketball players in the history of the NBA.The 1972 NBA Finals MVP is holder of numerous official NBA all-time records, establishing himself as a scoring champion, all-time top rebounder and accurate field goal shooter. He led the NBA in scoring seven times, field goal percentage nine times, minutes played eight times, rebounding eleven times, and assists once. He was also responsible for several rule changes, including widening the lane from 12 to 16 feet, as well as changes to rules regarding inbounding the ball, and shooting free throws. <mask> is most

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title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: remembered for his 100-point game, which is widely considered one of basketball's greatest records. Decades after his record, many NBA teams did not even average 100 points, as fewer field goals per game were being attempted. The closest any player has gotten to 100 points was the Los Angeles Lakers' Kobe Bryant, who scored 81 in 2006. Afterwards, Bryant said <mask>'s record was "unthinkable ...It's pretty exhausting to think about it." <mask>'s main weakness was his notoriously poor free-throw shooting, where he has the third-lowest career free throw percentage in NBA history with 51.1% (based on a minimum of 1,200 attempts). <mask> claimed that he intentionally missed free throws so a teammate could get the rebound and score two points instead of one, but later acknowledged that he was "a psycho case" in this matter. On the other hand, he committed surprisingly few fouls during his NBA career despite his rugged play in the post. <mask> never fouled out of a regular-season or playoff game in his 14-year NBA career. His career average was only two fouls per game despite having averaged 45.8 minutes per game over his career. He had five seasons where he committed less than two fouls per game, with a career-low of 1.5 fouls during the 1962 season, in which he also averaged 50.4 points per game.His fouls per 36 minutes (a statistic used to compare players that average vastly different minutes) was a remarkable 1.6 per game. Sharman said: "First he was a scorer. Then he was a rebounder and assist man. Then with our great Laker team in 1972, he concentrated on the defensive end." In his two championship seasons, <mask> led the league


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 in rebounding, while his scoring decreased to 24 and 15 points per game. As his scoring decreased, his assists increased to 4 per game, even recording two back-to-back seasons with 8 assists per game and one assist title. By 1971–72, at age 35 and running less, his game had transformed to averaging only nine shots per game compared to the 40 in his record-setting 1961–62 season.He also had a signature "Dipper" move, whereby he would fake a hook shot, and extend his arm to a short-range finger roll to shoot under a block attempt. For his feats, <mask> was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1978, named part of the NBA 35th Anniversary Team in 1980, one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996, ranked No. 13 in the ESPN list "Top North American Athletes of the Century" in 1999, voted the second best center of all-time by ESPN behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar in 2007, and ranked No. 2 in Slams "Top 50 NBA Players of All-Time in NBA History" in 2009, and No. 6 in EPSN list of the top 74 NBA players of all time in 2020, the third-best center ever behind Abdul-Jabbar and Bill Russell. During his career, <mask> competed against future Hall-of-Famers including Russell, Thurmond, Lucas, and Walt Bellamy. He later faced Unseld, Abdul-Jabbar, Dave Cowens, and Elvin Hayes.<mask> rivalry

From a historical NBA perspective, the rivalry between <mask> and his perennial nemesis Bill Russell is cited as the greatest on-court rivalry of all time. There were three NBA Finals matchups in the rivalry between Larry Bird and Magic Johnson, but they played different positions and did not guard each other. Russell's Celtics

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texts: won seven of eight playoff series against <mask>'s Warriors, 76ers, and Lakers teams, and went 57–37 against them in the regular season and 29–20 in the playoffs. The Hall-of-Famers who played with <mask> were Paul Arizin and Tom Gola for the Warriors; Hal Greer and Billy Cunningham for the Sixers; and Jerry West, Elgin Baylor, and Gail Goodrich for the Lakers. Russell's teams won all four seventh games against <mask>'s; the combined margin was nine points. <mask> outscored Russell 30 to 14.2 per game and outrebounded him 28.2 to 22.9 in the regular season, and he outscored him 25.7 to 14.9 and outrebounded him 28 to 24.7 in the playoffs as well. The comparison between the two is often simplified to a great player (<mask>) versus a player who makes his team great (Russell), an individualist against a team player.In , when <mask> averaged 50.4 points per game, he noted that Boston did not rely on Russell's scoring, and he could concentrate on defense and rebounding. He wished people would understand that their roles were different. <mask> said: "I've got to hit forty points or so, or this team is in trouble. I must score—understand? After that I play defense and get the ball off the boards. I try to do them all, best I can, but scoring comes first." Russell won 11 NBA titles in his career while <mask> won two.<mask> was named All-NBA First Team seven times to Russell's three, but Russell was named league MVP—then selected by players and not the press—five times against <mask>'s four. Russell and <mask> were friends in private life. Russell never considered <mask> his rival and disliked the term, instead pointing out that they

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texts:
 rarely talked about basketball when they were alone. When <mask> died in 1999, <mask>'s nephew stated that Russell was the second person he was ordered to break the news to. The two did not speak for two decades after Russell criticized <mask> after Game 7 of the 1969 Finals. Russell apologized privately to him and later publicly. Rule changes
<mask>'s impact on the game is also reflected in the fact that he was directly responsible for several rule changes in the NBA, including widening the lane to try to keep big men farther away from the hoop, instituting offensive goaltending, and revising rules governing inbounding the ball and shooting free throws, such as making it against the rules to inbound the ball over the backboard.<mask>, who reportedly had a  vertical leap, was physically capable of converting foul shots via a slam dunk without a running start, beginning his movement at the top of the key. When his dunks practically undermined the difficulty of a foul shot, both the NCAA and the NBA banned his modus operandi. In basketball history, pundits have stated that the only other player who forced such a massive change of rules is 6'10" Minneapolis Lakers center George Mikan, who played a decade before <mask> and also caused many rule changes designed to thwart so-called big men. Reputation
Although <mask> racked up some of the most impressive statistics in the history of Northern American professional sports, because he won only two NBA championships and lost seven out of eight playoff series against the Celtics teams of his on-court nemesis Bill Russell, <mask> was often called selfish and a loser. Frank Deford of ESPN

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: said that <mask> was caught in a no-win situation: "If you win, everybody says, 'Well, look at him, he's that big.' If you lose, everybody says, 'How could he lose, a guy that size?' " <mask> himself often said: "Nobody roots for Goliath."Like later superstar Shaquille O'Neal, <mask> was a target of criticism because of his poor free-throw shooting, a .511 career average, with a low of .380 over the 1967–68 season. Countless suggestions were offered; he shot them underhanded, one-handed, two-handed, from the side of the circle, from well behind the line, and even banked in. Sixers coach Alex Hannum once suggested he shoot his famous fadeaway jumper as a free throw, but <mask> feared drawing more attention to his one great failing. Despite his foul line woes, <mask> set the NBA record, later tied by Adrian Dantley, for most free throws made (28) using the underhand technique in a regular-season game in his 1962 100-point game. <mask> later said that he was too embarrassed by the underhand technique to continue using it, even though it consistently gave him better results. <mask> damaged his reputation in an April 1965 article with Sports Illustrated. In an interview titled "My Life in a Bush League", he criticized his fellow players, coaches, and NBA administrators.<mask> later commented that he could see in hindsight how the interview could have been instrumental in hurting his public image. Contemporary colleagues were often terrified to play against <mask>. Russell regularly feared being embarrassed by <mask>, Walt Frazier called his dominance on the court "comical", and when 6-ft 11-in, 250-pound (in his early years)

masks: Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts:
 Hall-of-Fame center Bob Lanier was asked about the most memorable moment of his career, Lanier answered: "When <mask> <mask> lifted me up and moved me like a coffee cup so he could get a favorable position." Personal life

Star status
<mask> was the first big earner of basketball; he immediately became the highest-paid player upon entering the NBA. He was basketball's first player to earn at least $100,000 a year and earned an unprecedented $1.5 million during his Lakers years. As a Philadelphia 76er, he could afford to rent a New York apartment and commute to Philadelphia. In addition, he would often stay out late into the night and wake up at noon.When he became a Laker, <mask> built a million-dollar mansion he called the "Ursa Major" in Bel-Air, as a play on his nickname "The Big Dipper" (jazz composer Thad Jones also named the music composition Big Dipper after the basketball star). It had a 2,200-pound pivot as a front door and contained great displays of luxury. Robert Allen Cherry, journalist and author of the biography Wilt: Larger than Life, describes his house as a miniature Playboy Mansion, where he regularly held parties and lived out his later-notorious sex life. This was also helped by the fact that <mask> was a near-insomniac who often simply skipped sleeping. Designed according to his preferences, the house was constructed with no right angles, and had an "X-rated" room with mirrored walls and a fur-covered waterbed. <mask> lived alone, relying on a great deal of automated gadgets, with two cats named Zip and Zap and several Great Dane dogs as company. In addition, <mask> drove a Ferrari, a Bentley, and had a Le

masks: Wilt Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain Chamberlain


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts:
 Mans-style car called Searcher One designed and built at a cost of $750,000 in 1996.Following his death in 1999, <mask>'s estate was valued at $25 million. Love life

Although <mask> was shy and insecure as a teenager, he became well known for his womanizing when he was an adult. As his lawyer Seymour "Sy" Goldberg put it: "Some people collect stamps, Wilt collected women." Swedish Olympic high jumper Annette Tånnander, who met him when he was 40 and she 19, remembers him as a pick-up artist who was extremely confident yet respectful: "I think Wilt hit on everything that moved ... he never was bad or rude." Los Angeles Times columnist David Shaw alleged that during a dinner with Shaw and his wife, <mask> was "rude and sexist toward his own date, as he usually was", adding that at one point <mask> left the table to get the phone number of an attractive woman at a nearby table. According to his contemporary Rod Roddewig, <mask> documented his love life using a Day-Timer. Every time <mask> went to bed with a different woman, he put a check in his Day-Timer.Over a 10-day period, there were 23 checks in the book, which would be a rate of 2.3 women per day. <mask> divided that number in half, to be conservative and to correct for degrees of variation. He then multiplied that number by the number of days he had been alive at the time minus 15 years. That was how the 20,000 number came into existence. In response to public backlash regarding his promiscuity, <mask> later emphasized that "the point of using the number was to show that sex was a great part of my life as basketball was a great part of my life. That's the reason why I was


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts:
 single." In a 1999 interview shortly before his death, he regretted not having explained the sexual climate at the time of his escapades, and warned other men who admired him for it, closing with the words: "With all of you men out there who think that having a thousand different ladies is pretty cool, I have learned in my life I've found out that having one woman a thousand different times is much more satisfying."<mask> also acknowledged that he never came close to marrying and had no intention of raising any children. In 2015, a man named Aaron Levi came forward claiming to be <mask>'s son based on non-identifying papers from his adoption and information from his biological mother. <mask>'s sister refused to provide DNA evidence for testing, so Levi's claim is not conclusive. Relationships
Cherry points out that although <mask> was an egotist, he had good relationships with many contemporaries and enjoyed a great deal of respect. He was especially lauded for his good rapport with his fans, often providing tickets and signing autographs. Jack Ramsay recalled that <mask> regularly took walks in downtown Philadelphia and acknowledged honking horns with the air of a man enjoying all the attention. Jerry West called him a "complex ... very nice person", and NBA rival Jack McMahon even said: "The best thing that happened to the NBA is that God made Wilt a nice person ... he could have killed us all with his left hand."Celtics contemporary Bob Cousy even assumed that if <mask> had been less fixated on being popular, he would have been meaner and able to win more titles. During most of his NBA career, <mask> was good friends with Bill


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts: Russell. <mask> often invited Russell over to Thanksgiving, and at Russell's place, conversation mostly concerned Russell's electric trains. As the championship count became increasingly lopsided, the relationship got strained, and turned hostile after Russell accused <mask> of "copping out" in the notorious Game 7 of the 1969 NBA Finals. The two men did not talk with each other for over 20 years, until Russell apologized privately, then publicly in a 1997 joint interview with Bob Costas: "There was a thing almost 30 years ago ... I was wrong." Still, <mask> maintained a level of bitterness, regretted that he had not been "more physical" with Russell in their games, and privately continued accusing his rival for intellectualizing basketball in a negative way.More hostile was <mask>'s relationship with fellow center Abdul-Jabbar, eleven years his junior. Although Abdul-Jabbar idolized him as a teenager and was once part of his inner circle, the student–mentor bond deteriorated into intense mutual loathing, especially after <mask> retired. <mask> often criticized Abdul-Jabbar for a perceived lack of scoring, rebounding, and defense. Abdul-Jabbar accused <mask> of being a traitor to the black race for his Republican political leanings, support of Richard Nixon, and relationships with white women. When Abdul-Jabbar broke <mask>'s all-time scoring record in 1984, <mask> repeatedly called on Abdul-Jabbar to retire. When Abdul-Jabbar published his autobiography in 1990, he retaliated by writing a paper titled "To Wilt Chumperlane " in which he stated: "Now that I am done playing, history will remember me as someone who helped teammates


title: Wilt Chamberlain

texts:
 to win, while you will be remembered as a crybaby, a loser, and a quitter." Their relationship remained mostly strained until <mask>'s death.Politics
<mask> denounced the Black Panthers Party and other black nationalist movements in the late 1960s, and supported Republican Richard Nixon in the 1968 and 1972 presidential elections. He accompanied Nixon to the funeral of Martin Luther King Jr. and considered himself a Republican. Sexual assault allegation
In 2021, Cassandra Peterson, who is primarily known for her alter ego Elvira, Mistress of the Dark, alleged in her memoir Yours Cruelly, Elvira: Memoirs of the Mistress of the Dark that <mask> had sexually assaulted her during a party at his Bel Air mansion in the 1970s. <mask> allegedly offered to show Peterson his custom-built closet for his NBA jerseys, before he forced her to give him oral sex. Peterson had stated that she had blamed herself and was almost "convinced that I was a very bad person for letting that happen", until the Me Too movement made her rethink the experience. Peterson felt that the assault was "creepier" because <mask> had been a personal friend. 1936 births
1999 deaths
African-American basketball coaches
African-American basketball players
African-American volleyball players
All-American college men's basketball players
American Basketball Association announcers
American men's basketball players
American men's volleyball players
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
Basketball players at the 1957 NCAA University Division Final Four
Basketball players from Philadelphia
Centers (basketball)
Harlem Globetrotters players
Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball


title: Clare Curran

texts:
<mask> (born 1960) is a New Zealand former politician who served as a member of the New Zealand Parliament for Dunedin South from 2008 to 2020. She was the Minister of Broadcasting, Communications, and Digital Media and Associate Minister for the Accident Compensation Corporation in the current Labour-led coalition government. <mask> retired from politics at the 2020 general election. Early life and education
<mask> grew up and was educated in Dunedin; she attended Moreau College where she achieved School Certificate. She has a BA double major in Anthropology and History from the University of Otago, and BA Honours in Anthropology from Victoria University of Wellington. During an interview with the University of Otago's student magazine Critic Te Arohi in early March 2020, <mask> acknowledged that she had been charged with possession for marijuana during her youth, for which she paid a NZ$50 fine. Career
<mask> worked in communications for Australian unions over a number of years before returning to New Zealand in 2002 with her young family.She continued to work in public relations in Dunedin. [better source needed]

<mask> joined the New Zealand Labour Party in 2006. She quickly rose to prominence within the Otago-Southland hierarchy, becoming a member of the Council of the New Zealand Labour Party. In 2006 <mask> presented a paper to the Otago-Southland region of the Labour Party on "capturing the language" on climate change policy. In May 2006 <mask> was appointed to a contractual role within the Ministry for the Environment following a recommendation from Environment Minister David Parker's office to provide communications advice on the Government's climate change strategy. This appointment was the subject of an investigation by the State Services Commission into the appropriateness of <mask>'s engagement. The report found that the Ministry had failed to adequately identify <mask>'s conflict of interest with respect to her relationship with Minister Parker.The report found that a staff member in Parker's office had described <mask> as Parker's

masks:
Clare Elizabeth Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran
Curran


title: Clare Curran

texts:
 "right-hand woman" and in an email to Environment Ministry Chief Executive Hugh Logan, and recommended that <mask> meet with Logan to discuss communications. Logan resigned as Chief Executive of the Ministry hours before the State Services Commission's report into the <mask> affair was released. She is currently a member of many unions and political groups. She is a member of the Engineering, Printing and Manufacturing Union and the Service & Food Workers Union. She is also a member of Greenpeace. She was also on the Council of the New Zealand Labour Party as Otago-Southland regional representative. After leaving Parliament, <mask> was appointed as a member of the University of Otago Council and a director of the Crown company Network 4 Learning.She was previously chair of Life Matters Suicide Prevention Trust (2020–2022) and is currently co-general manager. Parliamentary career

Fifth National Government, 2008–2017
In 2007, <mask> launched a bid to unseat sitting MP David Benson-Pope as the Labour Party candidate for Dunedin South. <mask> won the selection contest ahead of Benson-Pope and the Engineering, Printing and Manufacturing Union's Don Pryde. <mask> won the 2008 election against National's Conway Powell. However, in 2011, National Party candidate, Jo Hayes, reduced <mask>'s majority from 6449 in 2008 to 4175 in 2011, and National gained a majority of the party vote in Dunedin South by 1837 votes. In the , <mask> was successful against National's Hamish Walker. In the 49th New Zealand Parliament, she was a member of the Commerce Committee and was the Labour spokesperson for Communications and Information Technology.While in Opposition, <mask> spoke out against the closure of public broadcaster TVNZ 7, the Government's controversial move to include software in the Patents Bill, KiwiRail job losses, TV coverage of the Paralympics, and the lack of a telecommunications watchdog in New Zealand. <mask> also advocated for the return of rail engineering to the former Hillside Engineering site in South Dunedin and highlighted South Dunedin's

masks: Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran


title: Clare Curran

texts:
 vulnerability to extreme weather events and rising sea levels. Labour Coalition Government, 2017–2020

<mask> was elected as a Cabinet Minister by the Labour Party caucus following Labour's formation of a coalition government with New Zealand First and the Greens. On 26 October, <mask> assumed the portfolios of Minister of Broadcasting, Communications, and Digital Media and Minister for Government Digital Services. In addition, <mask> was also allocated the associate portfolios for the Accident Compensation Corporation and the State Services Commission. At the 2017 NetHui, <mask> publicly proposed as part of her 100-day plan the formation of a chief technology officer (CTO) role for Government of New Zealand. As of February 2018, no CTO had been selected despite over 60 candidates expressing interest in the role.<mask> commented that "after careful consideration she had decided not to make an appointment at this stage and the search for a suitable candidate would be widened." In late March 2018, <mask> became the subject of media attention after it emerged that she had secretly met with Radio New Zealand broadcaster and senior manager Carol Hirschfeld on 5 December 2017 outside of parliamentary business. <mask> initially claimed the meeting was coincidental but later admitted it had been pre-arranged. These revelations led to Hirschfeld's resignation from her position as senior manager at Radio NZ. The meeting was related to the Labour-led government's plans to expand public broadcasting through Radio New Zealand. <mask>'s actions drew criticism from the National Party's broadcasting spokesperson Melissa Lee, who accused <mask> of engaging in a cover-up. On 24 August 2018, Prime Minister Ardern dismissed <mask> from the Cabinet after <mask> acknowledged that she had kept a second meeting off the records.In February, <mask> had met with tech entrepreneur Derek Handley at her Beehive office to discuss his interest in the vacant Chief Technology Officer role. <mask> had failed to disclose the meeting in her ministerial diary and to inform staff or

masks: Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran


title: Clare Curran

texts: officials about it. <mask> apologized to the Prime Minister for her actions and also resigned from her positions as Minister of Government Digital Services and Minister of Open Government. <mask> kept her Broadcasting, Communications and Digital Media and associate ACC portfolios. On 5 September 2018, <mask> "appeared flustered" and "stumbled over her answers" when answering questions during question time from opposition National MP Melissa Lee regarding <mask>'s use of a personal Gmail account for Ministerial use. Two days later <mask> resigned as a Minister of Broadcasting and Associate Minister of ACC, saying she could "no longer endure the relentless pressure I've been under". On 27 August 2019, <mask> announced that she would be retiring from Parliament and not seek election at the 2020 general election.As of late August 2019, <mask> sits on Parliament's Justice and Electoral select committees. On 2 March 2020, former lawyer, journalist and director of the British Council New Zealand, Ingrid Leary, was nominated as the Labour candidate for Dunedin South to succeed <mask>. Ahead of her retirement, <mask> gave an exclusive interview to Donna Chisholm. In it she talked in detail about the "toxicity and bullying" she experienced in her political career, and in particular about the pressures she felt during her time as a minister, which culminated in her demotion and resignation. This led to her receiving months of treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. <mask> made a number of allegations about parliamentary colleagues. She specifically alleged that in 2012 Dunedin-based National list MP Michael Woodhouse and other National MPs had taken part in an event where she was mocked with a toilet seat emblazoned with her photo.She supplied to Chisholm an image of Woodhouse with the seat. <mask> also stated that in 2006, before she entered Parliament, National MP Nick Smith had compared her to Joseph Goebbels, and that during their time in Parliament, Jacinda Ardern had been derided for her then childless status by National MPs Maggie Barry and Amy

masks: Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran Curran


title: Clare Curran

texts:
 Adams. Barry's remarks in 2012 had received public attention. In addition to naming National MPs who she alleged had engaged in bullying, <mask> told Chisholm about an incident with a senior Labour colleague at the end of her first year in Parliament, who she did not name. This colleague she described as telling her that she was "a victim, a femme fatale, and that [she] used [her] sexuality as a weapon." When asked for comment on the toilet seat allegation by the New Zealand Herald, Woodhouse responded "To be honest I cannot really remember it, and I don't think an eight-year-old photo is a burning issue of the day." The independent MP Jami-Lee Ross, who left the National Party in a high-profile incident that included accusations of bullying against him, and who himself had dealt with mental health issues, apologised to <mask> for the tactics of his former party.Public profile and views
As a Member of Parliament, <mask> has lobbied for the return of heavy rail engineering work to Hillside Engineering in South Dunedin, climate change adaptation and mitigation in the South Dunedin and Taieri Plain, and placing Dunedin on the priority list for state housing assistance. She also helped secure visas for the parents of Nisha Vijayan, a nurse at the Dunedin Hospital whose husband had died unexpectedly. In June 2011, <mask> was sent out of Parliament for wearing a rugby shirt in the Otago rugby union team Highlanders' blue, gold, and maroon colours in protest of their new lime green colour. References

External links

Parliamentary biography

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1960 births
Living people
University of Otago alumni
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
New Zealand Labour Party MPs
New Zealand MPs for Dunedin electorates
People educated at Kavanagh College
Women members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
21st-century New Zealand politicians
21st-century New Zealand women politicians
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
Women government ministers of New

masks: Curran Curran Curran Curran


title: Edmond Malone

texts: <mask> (4 October 174125 May 1812) was an Irish Shakespearean scholar and editor of the works of William Shakespeare. Assured of an income after the death of his father in 1774, <mask> was able to give up his law practice for at first political and then more congenial literary pursuits. He went to London, where he frequented literary and artistic circles. He regularly visited Samuel Johnson and was of great assistance to James Boswell in revising and proofreading his Life, four of the later editions of which he annotated. He was friendly with Sir Joshua Reynolds, and sat for a portrait now in the National Portrait Gallery. He was one of Reynolds' executors, and published a posthumous collection of his works (1798) with a memoir. Horace Walpole, Edmund Burke, George Canning, Oliver Goldsmith, Lord Charlemont, and, at first, George Steevens, were among <mask>'s friends.Encouraged by Charlemont and Steevens, he devoted himself to the study of Shakespearean chronology, and the results of his "An Attempt to Ascertain the Order in Which the Plays Attributed to Shakspeare Were Written" (1778), which finally made it conceivable to try to patch together a biography of Shakespeare through the plays themselves, are still largely accepted. This was followed in 1780 by two supplementary volumes to Steevens's version of Dr Johnson's Shakespeare, partly consisting of observations on the history of the Elizabethan stage, and of the text of doubtful plays; and this again, in 1783, by an appendix volume. His refusal to alter some of his notes to Isaac Reed's edition of 1785,

masks:
Edmond Malone
Malone
Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 which disagreed with Steevens's, resulted in a quarrel with the latter. <mask> was also a central figure in the refutation of the claim that the Ireland Shakespeare forgeries were authentic works of the playwright, which many contemporary academics had believed. Biography

Birth and early life
<mask> was born 4 October 1741 in Dublin to <mask> Sr. (1704–1774)—MP of the Irish House of Commons and judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland—and Catherine Collier, the niece of Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough. He had two sisters, Henrietta and Catherine, and an older brother, Richard (later Lord Sunderlin). <mask> Sr. was a successful lawyer and politician, educated at Oxford University and the Inner Temple in London, and called to the Bar in England in 1730, where he had a legal practice.But in 1740, a year before <mask>. was born, his practice in England failed and he returned to Ireland. He took up residence with his wife on the family's country estate, Shinglas, in County Westmeath, and began a more successful legal practice there. According to Peter Martin, <mask>'s main biographer in the 20th century: "Virtually nothing is known of his childhood and adolescence except that in 1747 he was sent to Dr. Ford's preparatory school in Molesworth Street, Dublin, where his brother Richard had already been enrolled for two years". The next record of his education is 10 years later, in 1757, when he—not yet 16 years old—entered Trinity College, Dublin, where his brother went to study two years earlier and where his father had received an honorary LL.D. the year

masks:
Malone
Edmond Malone
Edmond Malone
Edmond Malone
Edmond Jr
Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts: before. <mask> excelled at his studies, "an exemplary student, naturally diligent, consistently at the top of his class", and was awarded with books stamped with the College Arms. In the very first examination, of four in the academic year, he shared top honours with James Drought and John Kearney, who later became Fellows of the college.As an undergraduate he wrote some poetry and literary history. Of the latter, a noteworthy example is a prose translation of Oedipus Rex by Sophocles with annotations and explanatory notes that Martin describes as "surprisingly erudite". The translation is accompanied by a twenty-page “… Essay on the Origin and Progress of Tragedy & on the Office & Advantages of the Antient Chorus" where he provides a brief comparison of Sophocles and Euripides and argues in favour of the restoration of the Chorus in modern drama. His studies were interrupted when, in the summer of 1759, he and his father accompanied his mother to Highgate in England. Catherine's health had been deteriorating for some time and she now had increasing difficulty walking. After a short stay in Highgate she moved to the Roman Baths at Bath in Somerset, where the waters were supposed to have health-giving properties. <mask> and his father returned to Ireland in October, too late to resume the winter term, so he elected to stay at Shinglas until the new year and study on his own.Not wishing to leave his father solitary, he nearly did not return to Trinity, but eventually resumed his studies in January 1760. The expenses for Catherine's stay at Bath put a strain on

masks: Malone Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 the family finances, but it was alleviated somewhat when, after a special examination on 2 June, he won a scholarship at Trinity and became a Scholar of the House. <mask>'s final examination at Trinity was in the Michaelmas term in 1761, and he received his BA degree at the following Commencement on 23 February 1762. As only one of three, he achieved the top mark (). The decision to study law was an obvious choice: his father, uncle, and grandfather had all been Irish Barristers. He'd received—on payment of £3 6s 8d—admittance to the Inner Temple in London in 1761, but did not begin his law studies until the new year in 1763. The interval was spent in Dublin reading, and he quickly applied to become a Reader of the Trinity College Library.Martin speculates that he spent his time reading "possibly law although probably also literature". Law school and legal practice

<mask> probably entered the Inner Temple in January 1763, but few records survive of his studies there; except that he was "invited to come to the bench table" in the commons—an honour Peter Martin describes as comparable to becoming a Warden in a guild—on 10 May 1763. Outside schoolwork he published satirical articles about the government and on the abuse of the English language, and made corrections to the text in his copy of a new edition of Jonathan Swift's correspondence. He was admitted to the Inner Temple the same year as James Boswell—a coincidence Martin thinks "literary historians cannot fail to wonder at"—but there is nothing to indicate that they ever crossed paths there. More


title: Edmond Malone

texts: significantly, in 1764, <mask>'s close friend Thomas Southwell and his father Edmund  introduced <mask> to Samuel Johnson, whose quarters on Inner Temple Lane were close to his own lodgings. Martin describes it as “…the most important meeting of <mask>'s life" and he became an "…ardent follower of Johnson's and, Boswell excepted, the most enthusiastic defender and celebrator of Johnson's writings and life." <mask>'s friendship with Johnson lasted until the latter's death in 1784.Although <mask> failed to write down his conversations with Johnson, and none of his letters on the subject to John Chetwood have been found, Martin speculates that Shakespeare must have been among their topics of conversation, as Johnson was just then finishing up his great edition of Shakespeare that he had begun in 1756. They would have found other common interests in the law and Ireland, as Johnson would soon start work as private secretary to the English statesman and Irish politician William Gerard Hamilton. For Hamilton he compiled notes on the Corn Laws that <mask> in 1809 would publish, along with two of Hamilton's speeches in the Irish House of Commons and some other miscellaneous works, under the title Parliamentary Logick. The Southwells were also his companions when, in the autumn of 1766, he travelled in the south of France. There he visited Paris, Avignon, and Marseille; socialising and relaxing. Around this time he began having doubts about his choice of the law as a career. He was finished at the Inner Temple, but still required further study for the Irish Bar, and his

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 motivation was flagging; particularly since it would mean leaving London and its "coffee-shops, theaters, newspapers, and politics."There was also some tension between him and his father over this, and over a judgeship his father had been promised by Lord Worthington. On hearing that the judgeship might not come to pass, <mask> wrote to his father: "It shall be a lesson to me, never to believe in any great man's word, unless coupled with performance, & to aspire by every truest means at the greatest blessing of life, independence." Both issues resolved themselves shortly however, as his father succeeded to the bench as Judge of the Irish Court of Common Pleas while <mask> was still in Marseille. Arriving back in London, without the Southwells, in February he announced his fresh determination to proceed with law: "It is my firm resolution to apply as closely as possible till I go to Ireland, to the study of law, & the practice of the Court of Chancery…"

He was called to the Irish bar in 1767, and from 1769 practised law on the Munster circuit with "indifferent rewards". He was not having great success in this field, and he missed London with its "…great literary world of Johnson, coffee-houses, theatre, newspapers, and politics." In the early months of 1769 he also had an intense, but ultimately fruitless, romance with Susanna Spencer. When the relationship failed—for reasons that are unknown but which Martin speculates were related to their families' relative social status—<mask> suffered a "nervous collapse" and "[lost] the will to read, to join in family

masks: Malone Malone Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 activities, to practice law."He spent the better part of the summer in Spa with his brother, while his sisters, by letter, suggested remedies for his low mood and attempted to cheer him up. He returned some time after September, but his depression lingered on. He worked the Munster circuit and at some point after March in 1772 visited London, perhaps on the suggestion of his exasperated father. How long he remained or what his activities were is not known. He returned to Ireland and the Munster circuit, but, in private letters, complained of his boredom with this occupation. Literature, theatre, and politics

To relieve his boredom, <mask> diverted himself with literary studies. On a visit with Dr. Thomas Wilson, Senior Fellow of Trinity College, in 1774 he discovered several papers by Alexander Pope that Henry St John, the poet's literary executor, had collected.Among them was a manuscript in Pope's handwriting of his unfinished poem One Thousand Seven Hundred and Forty. <mask> transcribed a facsimile of the manuscript, including "interlineations, corrections, alterations", but he failed to publish it and the original manuscript has since been lost. On 4 April 1774, the Irish-born author Oliver Goldsmith died. <mask> had known Goldsmith, either in Dublin or in London in the 1760s, and to honour his friend he participated in an amateur production of Goldsmith's She Stoops to Conquer (1773). The event was held on 27 September 1774 and had strong patriotic overtones: it was staged at the country seat of Sir Hercules Langrishe—a member of the Irish House of


title: Edmond Malone

texts: Commons—at Knocktopher, and the Irish politicians and patriots Henry Grattan and Henry Flood both played parts. According to Martin's description, "<mask> played two parts and wrote an excessively long epilogue of eighty-two lines, with several allusions that suggest his literary tastes. […] It celebrates Shakespeare, touches on Irish politics […], and concludes with a panegyric on the stage […]".Irish politics seems to have been especially on his mind in this period. In 1772 he contributed to Baratariana, a volume principally by Langrishe, but supplemented with letters by Flood and Grattan. The letters attack the current government in the style of Junius, who had published similar letters in England between 1769 and 1772, and <mask> may have contributed "a weakly ironic piece in which he lamented the Irish consumption of millions of eggs every year when a little restraint could yield more substantial food in the form of chickens." His father died unexpectedly on 22 March 1774, leaving the four siblings with a modest income, and <mask> free to pursue interests outside the drudgery of his legal practice. His ambition was politics, and that summer he proposed himself as candidate to a seat in Parliament for Trinity College. Objections were raised that his uncle, <mask>, had joined the Townshend government whose autocratic policies the university was firmly against. In his speech to the electors, <mask> defended his uncle as a man of principle rather than party, who sought to do his best for his constituents rather than gain advantage for himself and his friends:

masks:
Malone
Malone
Malone
Anthony Malone
Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 "no man perhaps ever supported the administration so disinterestedly, or got so few favours from Government either for himself or his connexions."To the charge that the filial association was an impediment to his nomination he protested, later in his speech:

Corruption and self-interest he saw as the great problem of men in elected office, and in his speech he attacked them as opposing reform for fear of losing their advantage:

He won the nomination, but the election was not until May 1776, and, a few days prior, <mask> died, leaving <mask> an annual income of £ (roughly equivalent to £ today) and the entire estate at Baronston to his brother, Richard. The legacy left him free to pursue a life of scholarship, and he promptly gave up the nomination in favour of contributing to a new edition of Goldsmith that was being prepared. He travelled to London to interview the people who had known Goldsmith and collect information and anecdotes about him. He spent six months there but apart from a letter from Susanna Spencer, in reply to a letter from <mask> that is now lost, we have no information about his activities there. In February 1777, suffering from his first bout of rheumatism, he returned to Ireland, and shortly afterward, Poems and Plays by Oliver Goldsmith was published. <mask> had contributed an eight-page memoir of Goldsmith and annotations to the poems and plays. The memoir was based on "Authentic Anecdotes" by Richard Glover—published in The Universal Magazine in May 1774, and Edmund Burke included it in  The Annual Register for that year—as well as

masks:
Anthony Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 first-hand information from Dr. Wilson at Trinity.London and Shakespeare

While in London to do research for his memoir of Goldsmith in 1776, <mask> sought out George Steevens, who, by then the inheritor, from Samuel Johnson, of the editor's mantle for the Jacob Tonson edition of Shakespeare's collected works, was then busy preparing a second edition. Steevens invited <mask> to help him complete it. To help him get started, Steevens lent <mask> his copy of An Account of the English Dramatic Poets (1691) by Gerard Langbaine, into which Steevens had transcribed notes by William Oldys in addition to the notes he had added himself. When <mask> returned to Ireland in early 1777, he set about transcribing all the annotations into his own copy. He finished the transcription on 30 March, and on 1 May he left Ireland for good. <mask> moved into a house in Sunninghill, about  outside London, and started work. In the following months he sent a steady stream of notes and corrections to Steevens and in January 1778 The Plays of William Shakspeare was published in 10 volumes.<mask>'s main contribution appeared in the first volume as "An Attempt to Ascertain the Order in Which the Plays Attributed to Shakspeare Were Written". The "Attempt" was well received and garnered him more attention than the notes and corrections he had supplied Steevens with. With his first major contribution to Shakespeare studies published, he left Sunninghill to reside in London; first, briefly, in Marylebone Street and then in a house he rented at 55 Queen Anne Street East in what is now Foley


title: Edmond Malone

texts: Street in Marylebone. In late 1778 he visited Ireland for a few months, and in February 1779, shortly after he returned, he began to have his portrait painted by Joshua Reynolds. Reynolds was then much sought after as a portrait painter, and a "face and shoulders" by Reynolds cost 35 guineas (£36.75). His uncle, <mask>, had had his portrait painted by Reynolds in 1774, and <mask> himself had good company: during the ten times between 23 February and 10 July that he sat for the portrait, Reynolds's appointment book shows that he sat on the same date as Edward Gibbon, the British historian and MP; George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough; Hester Thrale, author of Anecdotes of the Late Samuel Johnson and a close friend of Johnson; and (28 April and 17 May) George III, then king of England and Ireland. <mask> befriended Reynolds and they remained close friends until the latter's death in 1792, when Reynolds named <mask> his executor along with Edmund Burke and Philip Metcalfe.<mask>'s next scholarly project was an addendum to the Johnson–Steevens Shakespeare. Pleased with <mask>'s contributions to the edition, Steevens invited him to publish the apocryphal plays that had been included in the second edition of the Third Folio published by Philip Chetwinde in 1664. It was <mask>'s project—and with only grudging acceptance from Steevens he expanded the work to include the narrative poems and the Sonnets—but he and Steevens worked closely together, and solicited notes from Isaac Reed, William Blackstone, and Thomas Percy. Until this point their relationship had been a

masks:
Anthony Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone
Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 cordial and productive one—Steevens having given <mask> his first opportunity as an editor of Shakespeare, and in return having benefitted greatly from the younger scholar's work—but while working on the addendum they had a falling-out. Steevens brought up Susanna Spencer and suggested that <mask>'s work on Shakespeare was a mere device to keep his mind distracted from the unhappy relationship. <mask> took umbrage at this, his ambition being a life of professional scholarship, and replied that, to the contrary, he intended to produce a completely new edition of Shakespeare, "more scientifically and methodically edited than the Johnson–Steevens edition was ever likely to become." They settled their differences, but Steevens was now beginning to feel his position as the foremost editor of Shakespeare threatened.<mask> was aggressive and arrogant, and his constant stream of corrections grated on the older editor. Despite the strained relationship, in late April 1780, A Supplement to the Edition of Shakespeare, Published in 1778 by Samuel Johnson and George Steevens was published in two volumes. The work met with generally positive reviews, particularly from The Gentleman's Magazine and Monthly Review. But there was also criticism from the St. James's Chronicle, in which Steevens had a financial interest, that Martin describes as consisting of "anonymous and trifling notes […] which niggled at minor points, textual and factual", which were probably written by Steevens or at his behest. Social rise and "The Club"

When <mask> first arrived in England in 1777 he

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts: already had a connection to Samuel Johnson and George Steevens, and, through his boyhood friend Robert Jephson, to James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont. Johnson, of course, was among the most esteemed men of letters, and Steevens was then the foremost commentator on Shakespeare and the current inheritor of the editor's mantle for the Tonson editions; but Charlemont also had the connections to introduce <mask> to a wide variety of the eminent men of the day. With these recommendations and the fame garnered by his scholarly work he was by the early 1780s often to be found in the company of the greatest literary and theatrical minds of the era.He dined regularly with Johnson, Steevens, Reed, Reynolds, Richard Farmer, Horace Walpole, John Nichols, and John Henderson. But by this time Johnson's advancing age and ill health prevented his socialising as much as in earlier years, and <mask> did not often enough get a chance to spend time with him or people like Edmund Burke, James Boswell, Edward Gibbon, Charles Burney, Joseph Banks, William Windham, Charles James Fox, or John Wilkes. At the same time, membership in "The Club"—founded by Johnson and Reynolds in 1764, and whose membership included several of those people whom <mask> longed to see—had become a much sought-after honour. <mask> dearly wanted to get in, but even though he had the support of Charlemont and Reynolds, he was thwarted by circumstances. The Club was founded specifically to be exclusive, and to that end limited the number of members, at that time to 35 at any given time. Since members very

masks: Malone Malone Malone Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 rarely left, the only openings came when a member died; and after the latest member, David Garrick, had died in 1779, the members resolved to keep his spot open in honour of the great actor and theatre manager. Votes were taken on several occasions, but the candidates were always blackballed.It was not until 5 February 1782 that "[…] the memory of Garrick having dimmed sufficiently, <mask> at last was admitted into this august company […]". He attended his first meeting on 19 February 1782 and quickly became one of The Club's most enthusiastic supporters and, as its treasurer, held the only permanent office associated with it. His motivation for wanting to join The Club was partly to see Johnson more often, but Johnson's health was deteriorating and no longer attended the club's dinners regularly. The first one he attended after <mask> was accepted was on 2 April 1782, and in the period until Johnson's death on 13 December 1784, they saw each other at the club only five times; the last time on 22 June 1784, when Johnson "was in obvious pain and had to drag himself to get there." Johnson was also too ill to visit <mask>, but he appreciated company at his house at Bolt Court, and <mask> visited frequently. He kept notes on their conversations that Boswell later included in his The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. (1791), and the letter to <mask> from John Byng, 5th Viscount Torrington is the best account that survives of Johnson's last hours.Chatterton forgeries

In 1769, the poet Thomas Chatterton, only 17 years old, sent Horace Walpole the first of a series of


title: Edmond Malone

texts: poems supposedly written by a 15th-century monk named Thomas Rowley but really written by Chatterton himself. Other poems followed, and Walpole was briefly taken in but later reconsidered. When Chatterton committed suicide the following year, there were rumours that Walpole's treatment of the young man had played a part. Despite Walpole's scepticism, in 1777, shortly after <mask>'s arrival in London, Thomas Tyrwhitt published Chatterton's forgeries as Poems, Supposed to Have Been Written at Bristol, by Thomas Rowley and Others, in the Fifteenth Century. This created a great controversy, with much debate about their authenticity. For the third edition in 1778 he added an appendix arguing against the poems' antiquity, and Thomas Warton, in his The History of English Poetry (1778), devoted an entire chapter to it. Those favouring the authenticity of the Rowley poems responded in late 1781 when, just days apart, Jacob Bryant, a classical scholar, published Observations upon the Poems of Thomas Rowley; in Which the Authenticity of Those Poems is Ascertained, and Jeremiah Milles, Dean of Exeter and President of the Society of Antiquaries of London, published Poems, Supposed to Have Been Written at Bristol, in the Fifteenth Century, by Thomas Rowley, Priest, &c.; With a Commentary in Which the Antiquity of Them Is Considered and Defended.The controversy was a perfect match for <mask>: steeped in ancient and early modern English literature, by trade a lawyer, and with no patience for literary forgeries or those who entertained them. As Martin puts it he "entered the

masks:
Edmond Malone
Malone


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 fray" in December 1781 by "[sending] an anonymous 'brat into the world'" The "brat" was an article in two parts in The Gentleman's Magazine, signed "Misopiclerus". The essay met with success, and by February he published a second edition as Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to Thomas Rowley. In the essay he compares the Rowley poems to poetry by actual writers of the era; shows Chatterton's sources to have been later writers like Shakespeare, Pope, and Dryden; picks holes in the arguments put forward by Chatterton's supporters; and ends on an awkward attempt to ridicule Bryant and Milles. Collections

Before he died, <mask> detailed what should be done with his library in his will:

In 1815 Lord Sunderlin announced his intention to donate part of his late brother's library to the Bodleian once the new edition of <mask>'s Shakespeare (the Variorum Shakespeare) was complete. He reserved c. 800 volumes for the Library, while the rest was sold in 1818 at Sotheby's. In 1821 the collection was received by the Bodleian.The early editions of Shakespeare in the collection were described by <mask> in 1801:

The influence of the <mask> collection from its 1821 receipt in the Bodleian is shown by both the donations to and purchases of the Library in the years following: in 1833 Thomas Caldecott donated his poems of Shakespeare, and at the Heber sale in 1834, and afterward, further gaps in the collection were filled. In 1835 B. H. Bright gave <mask>'s copy of Anthony Wood's Athenae to the Bodleian, in 1836 the Bodleian bought papers relating to Pope, as well as,


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 in 1838, collections for the last edition of <mask>'s Shakespeare and for the illustration of ancient manners, 76 volumes of eighteenth-century pamphlets, and part of his literary correspondence. In 1851 <mask>'s letters from Thomas Percy were acquired, in 1858 his Oxford research notes, in 1864 letters from Samuel Johnson, Mrs Siddons, and others, and in 1878 further correspondence, papers, and books. The mention of this purchase in the Athenaeum encouraged Mr. L. Sharpe of the Guildhall Library to present the Bodleian with <mask>'s letters to his grandfather. In 1881, 76 volumes of pamphlets was also purchased by the Library. Most of <mask>'s books are bound with 'E. M.' in an 'interlaced monogram' on the back, with a few featuring a book-plate with his coat-of-arms on.Works
 1778 – "An Attempt to Ascertain the Order in Which the Plays Attributed to Shakspeare Were Written", in The Plays of William Shakespeare in Ten Volumes, Samuel Johnson and George Steevens, eds. (1778), 2nd ed., vol I, pp. 269–346. 1780 – Supplement to Johnson and Steevens's edition of Shakespeare's Plays. 1782 – Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to Thomas Rowley
 1787 – A Dissertation on the Three Parts of King Henry VI. 1790 – The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare. 1792 – A Letter to the Rev.Richard Farmer; Relative to the Edition of Shakspeare, published in MDCCXC, and some late criticisms on that work. (This is the date of the 2nd edition.) 1796 – An inquiry into the authenticity of certain miscellaneous papers and legal instruments published 24 Dec MDCCXCV and


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 attributed to Shakspeare, Queen Elizabeth and Henry, Earl of Southampton. 1800 – The Critical and Miscellaneous Prose Works of John Dryden, Now First Collected: With Notes and Illustrations; an Account of the Life and Writings of the Author Grounded on Original and Authentick Documents. Four volumes. 1801 – The Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knight. 1809 – Parliamentary Logick, the writings of William Gerard Hamilton with notes on the Corn Laws by Samuel Johnson.1809 – An account of the incidents from which the title and part of the story of Shakspeare's Tempest were derived; and its true date ascertained. 1821 – Life of Shakespeare. In Works of Shakespeare (1821), Volume II. The Plays and Poems of William Shakespeare
The years from 1783 to 1790 were devoted to <mask>'s own edition of Shakespeare in multiple volumes, of which his essays on the history of the stage, his biography of Shakespeare, and his attack on the genuineness of the three parts of Henry VI, were especially valuable. His editorial work was lauded by Burke, criticised by Walpole and damned by Joseph Ritson. It certainly showed indefatigable research and proper respect for the text of the earlier editions. The Ireland forgeries

<mask> published a denial of the claim to antiquity of the Rowley poems produced by Thomas Chatterton, and in this (1782) as in his branding (1796) of the Ireland manuscripts as forgeries, he was among the first to guess and state the truth.His elaborate edition of John Dryden's works (1800), with a memoir, was another monument to his industry, accuracy and scholarly


title: Edmond Malone

texts:
 care. In 1801 the University of Dublin made him an LL.D. <mask>swell Shakespeare
At the time of his death, <mask> was at work on a new octavo edition of Shakespeare, and he left his material to James Boswell the younger; the result was the edition of 1821 generally known as the Third Variorum edition in twenty-one volumes. Lord Sunderlin (1738–1816), his elder brother and executor, presented the larger part of <mask>'s book collection, including dramatic varieties, to the Bodleian Library, which subsequently bought many of his manuscript notes and his literary correspondence. The British Museum also owns some of his letters and his annotated copy of Johnson's Dictionary. A memoir of <mask> by James Boswell is included in the prolegomena to the edition of 1821. Reputation and legacy
The Malone Society, devoted to the study of sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century English drama, was named after him.See also
Shakespeare's editors

Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

External links

1741 births
1812 deaths
18th-century Irish people
19th-century Irish people
Irish literary critics
People from County Dublin
People from County Westmeath
Shakespearean scholars
Irish writers
Alumni of Trinity College

masks:
Malone Bo
Malone
Malone
Malone


title: Oscar (footballer, born 1991)

texts:
<mask> (; born 9 September 1991), better known as simply <mask>, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Chinese Super League club Shanghai Port. <mask> began his career at São Paulo, and in 2009, he went to court against the club due to irregularities in his contract. After a series of controversies, he left for Internacional, where he spent the next three years of his career. His displays for club and country led to him signing for Chelsea for a fee of R$61.575 million. After four-and-a-half years with Chelsea, he signed for Chinese Super League side then known as Shanghai SIPG for an Asian transfer record £67 million in January 2017. He is a Brazilian international and has represented his country at the under-20 level, at the 2012 London Olympics and at senior level. On 20 August 2011, <mask> scored three goals in the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup final win against Portugal, becoming the first player to score a hat-trick in the FIFA U-20 World Cup final.<mask> later described his performances at the tournament as being a "gateway to the senior side." His playing style and ability have drawn comparison to compatriot Kaká. He made his senior debut for Brazil in 2011 and was a member of the team that won the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup and that finished fourth at the 2014 FIFA World Cup, both on home soil. Club career

Early career

Born in Americana, <mask> came through the youth academy at União Barbarense and impressed from an early age. <mask> was spotted by talent scouts who took him to the state capital where he subsequently joined São Paulo FC in 2004 at the age of 13. He made his professional debut

masks:
Oscar dos Santos Emboaba Júnior
Oscar
Oscar
Oscar
Oscar
Oscar
Oscar


title: Oscar (footballer, born 1991)

texts:
 on 28 August 2008, in the second leg of the first stage of the Copa Sudamericana. He played the full 90 minutes of the goalless draw with Clube Atlético Paranaense at the Arena da Baixada, but he and Juninho had their attempts saved by Vinícius in the penalty shootout, eliminating their team.His domestic debut came on 13 March 2009, filling in for Jean for the final eight minutes of a 5–0 home win over Mirassol Futebol Clube in the Campeonato Paulista. That year, he also made 11 substitute appearances for the team in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A.

Internacional
Initially, <mask> joined Internacional after a contractual dispute with his former club São Paulo, with <mask>'s agent claiming that the club had not paid salaries as promised. <mask>'s representatives argued that his contract with São Paulo was null and void whereupon <mask> joined Internacional as a free agent. São Paulo continued to claim that <mask> belonged to them and lodged legal appeals which prevented <mask> from playing for Internacional in vital Copa Libertadores fixtures. Eventually, a settlement was agreed upon between São Paulo and Internacional on 30 May 2012, severing his contract for a fee of €6 million. <mask>'s first season at Internacional was blighted by injury. On 23 February 2011, as an 80th-minute substitute for Leandro Damião, he scored his first goal for the club to conclude a 4–0 home win over Jaguares de Chiapas at the start of Inter's defence of the Copa Libertadores.He added two more goals in the competition before their elimination in the last 16 by Peñarol. His first goals in domestic football came on 5 June, a brace in a 4–2 win over América-MG in

masks: Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar


title: Oscar (footballer, born 1991)

texts:
 the third game of the Série A season; he finished the season with 10 goals from 26 games. Chelsea
On 16 July 2012, Chelsea agreed on a fee of R$61.575 million for <mask>. (according to several media, the fee was estimated for £19 million or £25 million) On 25 July, Chelsea announced the signing of <mask> on a five-year contract. On 19 August 2012, <mask> made his debut for Chelsea by coming on in the 64th minute for fellow debutant, Eden Hazard in their opening game of the 2012–13 season against Wigan Athletic. <mask> made his first start of the season on 19 September in Chelsea's first Champions League match against Juventus. After making the match 1–0 in favour of Chelsea with a deflected effort, he added a second, which curled over Juventus keeper Gianluigi Buffon, to make it 2–0 at Stamford Bridge.However the game ended in a 2–2 draw, but he was awarded Man of the Match. He commented on his second goal, saying, "I am very happy with two goals on my debut but I would have been much happier if the team had won the game. In Brazil, young boys dream of playing in the Champions League and I'm very proud to have realised my dream." Three days later, <mask> then made his first Premier League start in a 1–0 victory over Stoke City. Following his good performances, <mask> became a regular starter in Roberto Di Matteo's creative midfield triumvirate with Juan Mata and Eden Hazard. He scored his third goal of the season, in the Champions League, in Chelsea's 2–1 away defeat away to Shakhtar Donetsk in Donetsk, and continued his scoring record in Europe by scoring into an open net from 40 yards out in the reverse fixture against Shakhtar at Stamford

masks: Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar


title: Oscar (footballer, born 1991)

texts: Bridge, a match which Chelsea won 3–2. <mask> also scored in Europe in ultimately Chelsea's last Champions League fixture, making the score 6–1 for Chelsea against debutants Nordsjælland.After the sacking of manager Di Matteo on 21 November, interim manager Rafael Benítez only started <mask> three times in his first seven games. Benítez praised <mask>'s attitude after dropping him for the FIFA Club World Cup Final against Corinthians and believed there was no rift between himself and the player. He scored his first Premier League goal for the club on 23 December, scoring a penalty during an 8–0 win against Aston Villa. On 14 February 2013, less than a minute after coming off the bench to replace Mata, <mask> exchanged passes with Hazard before finishing past Tomáš Vaclík, breaking the deadlock and handing Chelsea a 1–0 away victory over Sparta Praha in the first leg of their Europa League Round of 32 clash. On 15 May, <mask> played the full ninety minutes as Chelsea defeated Benfica 2–1 in the Europa League final in Amsterdam, securing his first piece of silverware with the London club. The following day, his goal against Juventus in the Champions League was named the Chelsea "Goal of the Season." In the first match of the 2013–14 season on 18 August, <mask> scored Chelsea's opening goal in a 2–0 win over Hull City.He opened the scoring against local rivals Fulham in a 2–1 win on 21 September. On 1 January 2014 <mask> put in a match-winning performance against Southampton at St Mary's Stadium, scoring one and assisting two as Chelsea won the match 0–3. However, he was booked in that match for diving. <mask> scored fourth and fifth goals in

masks: Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar


title: Oscar (footballer, born 1991)

texts: Chelsea's 6–0 victory over Arsenal on 23 March, which was Arsène Wenger's 1000th match in charge of the club. Before the start of the 2014–15 season, <mask>'s shirt number 11 was given back to the returning Didier Drogba, and he instead took the number 8 vacated by Frank Lampard earlier in the summer. He said "Didier is a Chelsea legend and a senior player. I am happy for him to take the 11 and for me to take the 8.Lamps is another legend at this club and I hope I will be as successful in the shirt as he was." His early season success was rewarded in November as he signed a new contract with the club keeping him with the Blues until the end of the 2018–19 season. <mask> scored twice in the first half of Chelsea's 5–0 away win at Swansea City on 17 January 2015, exploiting a wayward pass by Gylfi Sigurðsson to open the scoring after 50 seconds. On 26 April, he was hospitalised after suffering a head injury following a collision with opposing goalkeeper David Ospina in a 0–0 away draw against Arsenal in the Premier League; he was released the following day. <mask> scored Chelsea's first goal of the next season in an eventual 2–2 home draw with Swansea, being substituted early in the second half after the dismissal of goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois. On 16 September, he scored a penalty in a 4–0 win over Maccabi Tel Aviv in the first game of the Champions League group stage. He, Diego Costa and Cesc Fàbregas were abused by supporters who believed that the trio's slump in form had cost the job of popular manager José Mourinho; in the first game since his dismissal, on 26 December, <mask> slipped and missed a spot kick in a 2–2 home draw against

masks: Oscar Oscar Oscar Oscar


title: Oscar (footballer, born 1991)

texts:
 Watford.The following 31 January, <mask> scored a first-half hat-trick in a 5–1 win at Milton Keynes Dons in the fourth round of the FA Cup. On 26 October 2016, <mask> made his 200th appearance for Chelsea in a 2–1 League Cup defeat to West Ham United. In Shanghai
On 23 December 2016, Chinese Super League side Shanghai SIPG officially confirmed that the club had agreed on terms with Chelsea for the transfer of <mask>, to be completed during the January transfer window for a reported £67 million. The fee represented an Asian transfer record. <mask> was reported to have signed a four-year contract with a weekly salary of £400,000, equivalent to an annual salary of £20.8 million (US$26.5 million). The contract placed <mask> amongst the highest paid footballers in the world, annually during his 4-year tenure with the club. After signing for Shanghai SIPG, <mask> revealed that various European clubs were interested in signing him but decided to play in China as “China has incredible financial power and sometimes makes offers that players can’t refuse.” He subsequently mentioned that he was more concerned about his family, than of his own career.Furthermore, he added that after completing his contract with Shanghai SIPG, he was interested in returning to Europe as he remained motivated to play football at a high level. The Brazilian made an immediate impression for his new club, scoring on his friendly debut against Saudi Arabian side Al-Batin. <mask> made his official debut on 7 February 2017 and scored the first goal of a 3–0 win over Thai club Sukhothai in the 2017 AFC Champions League qualifying play-off. On 11 April 2017, <mask> missed two


title: Oscar (footballer, born 1991)

texts:
 penalty kicks as his team lost 1–0 in an AFC Champions League match against Urawa Red Diamonds. He scored his first domestic league goal for SIPG with a penalty on 21 April 2017 in a 3–0 home win against Hebei China Fortune. In a league match between Shanghai SIPG and Guangzhou R&F on 18 June 2017, <mask> assisted Hulk's equalizer in the 45+1 minute, however, afterwards as the opposition players complained to the referee that Hulk had been offside, <mask> twice purposely kicked the ball into Guangzhou players. In the ensuing brawl, both Li Tixiang and Fu Huan were sent off.Although <mask> himself was not booked for his role, he was later banned for 8 matches and fined 40,000 RMB for his role in starting the incident. International career

Under-20

On 20 August 2011, <mask> scored three goals in the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup final win against Portugal, becoming the first player to score a hat-trick in the FIFA U-20 World Cup final. This performance was immediately compared to the 1966 hat trick by Geoff Hurst as only the second time a single player scored three goals in a World Cup final match. 2012 Olympics

<mask> was named into the Brazilian squad to compete at the Olympics in London. <mask> starred in Brazil's 3–2 victory over Egypt in the opening game, providing the assists for goals by Rafael and Leandro Damião. In Brazil's next game, a 3–1 victory over Belarus, <mask> netted the Seleção's third goal in injury time, after being played through by Neymar, to send the Brazilians into the quarter-finals. All goals in the Olympics was assisted or scored by <mask> and Neymar, the two prodigies who are both regarded as the exceptional talents