title: Dejan Joveljić

texts:
 striker, who usually operates as a centre forward, being capable of playing as a winger. He has been started tracked during youth career and named as one of the most prospective players in academy, after which he joined the first team.Later he missed a period due to injury and a lack of weight, so he stayed out of the senior football since the 2016–17 campaign. In his final season with youth team, <mask> affirmed as a poacher and top goalscorer with several hat-tricks. He was also compared with Argentine footballer Mauro Icardi and a compatriot Luka Jović. Joveljić uses both legs and he is also a good header and penalty taker. <mask> was named as a man of the match scoring three goals as a captain of the U19 squad in the youth Eternal Derby on 16 November 2017. He collected 33 goals in 14 appearances at total, during the first half-season in Serbian youth league. Personal life
Turning professionally and due to accumulated liabilities, Joveljić decided to pass private school in Novi Sad.Although he has lived alone in Belgrade, Joveljić accentuated his family as the best support in his life and career. Besides football, <mask> likes to play billiard and chess, and he is also a Rubik's Cube enthusiast. 39 seconds is his personal record. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Red Star Belgrade
Serbian SuperLiga (2): 2017–18, 2018–19

References

External links

1999 births
Living people
People from Bijeljina
Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian footballers
Serbia youth international footballers
Serbia under-21 international footballers
Association football forwards
Red Star Belgrade footballers
Eintracht Frankfurt players
R.S.C. Anderlecht players
Wolfsberger AC players
LA Galaxy players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Bundesliga players
Serbian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in Austria
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Serbian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
Serbia international

masks: Joveljić Joveljić Joveljić


title: Tony Coe

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 29 November 1934) is an English jazz musician who plays clarinet, bass clarinet, flute as well as soprano, alto, and tenor saxophones. Career
Born in Canterbury, Kent, England, Coe started out on clarinet and was self-taught on tenor saxophone. At just 15 years of age in 1949 he played in his school's (Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys) trad band and two years later, aged 17, became a full professional with Joe Daniels. In 1953, aged 18, he joined the army where he played clarinet in the Military band and saxophone with the unit Dance Band. After demob in 1955 he spent some time in France with the Micky Bryan Band (Micky on piano, Gerry Salisbury (valve trombone), Harry Bryan (trumpet), Lennie Hastings on drums and Coe on clarinet), before rejoining Joe Daniels. In 1957 <mask>'s father went to see Humphrey Lyttelton and, as a result, <mask> spent just over four years with Humphrey's band from 1957 to the end of 1961. This was a period when Coe was brought to the attention of critics and fans as well as giving him some degree of international fame.He left Lyttleton at the end of 1961 to form his own outfit. In 1965, he was invited to join Count Basie's band ('I'm glad it didn't come off – I would have lasted about a fortnight') and has since played with the John

masks:
Anthony George Coe
Tony
Tony


title: Tony Coe

texts:
 Dankworth Orchestra, the Kenny Clarke-Francy Boland Big Band, Derek Bailey's free improvisation group Company, Stan Tracey, Michael Gibbs, Stan Getz, Dizzy Gillespie, and Bob Brookmeyer, and performed under Pierre Boulez as well as leading a series of groups of his own, including Coe Oxley & Co with drummer <mask>. He played clarinet on Paul McCartney's recording of "I'll Give You a Ring" released in 1982 and saxophone on John Martyn's 1973 album, Solid Air. Coe has also worked with the Matrix, a small ensemble formed by clarinettist Alan Hacker, with a wide-ranging repertoire of early, classical, and contemporary music, the Danish Radio Big Band, Metropole Orchestra and Skymasters in the Netherlands. He has worked additionally with the Mike Gibbs big band and the United Jazz and Rock Ensemble. Coe has recorded on soundtracks for several films, including Superman II, Victor/Victoria, Nous irons tous au paradis, Leaving Las Vegas, Le Plus beau métier du monde and The Loss of Sexual Innocence. He also composed the film score for Camomille.Awards and honours
In 1976, a grant from the Arts Council enabled him to write Zeitgeist - Based On Poems Of Jill Robin, a large-scale orchestral work fusing jazz and rock elements with techniques from classical music which was recorded on EMI records


title: Neely Bruce

texts:
(Frank<mask> (born January 21, 1944) is an American composer, conductor, pianist, and scholar of American music. He is the composer of over 800 works including three full-length operas. Currently, he is John Spencer Camp Professor of Music and American Studies at Wesleyan University, where he has taught since 1974. Life and career
<mask>'s undergraduate degree is from the University of Alabama at Tuscaloosa. His DMA is from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. <mask> also received an MAA from Wesleyan University and an MMU from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His principal teachers were Ben Johnston, Hubert Kessler, J. F. Goossen, Lara Hoggard, Charles Hamm, Byrnell Figler, Roy McAllister, Soulima Stravinsky and Sophia Rosoff.<mask> was one of the seven keyboard players in the 1969 premiere of John Cage's HPSCHD. He has been visiting professor and artist-in-residence at Middlebury College, Bucknell University, the University of Michigan, and at Brooklyn College. He was the founder and director of the American Music/Theatre Group, chorus director for the Connecticut Opera, and is director of music at South Congregational Church in Middletown, Connecticut. He is the first pianist ever to play the entire song oeuvre of Charles Ives. He performed with several singers as part of the Ives Vocal Marathon. Works

<mask> has written more than 800 works, including three full-length operas, choral works in all major genres, orchestral works, chamber music, a voluminous quantity of piano music, and

masks:
) Neely Bruce
Bruce
Bruce
Bruce
Bruce


title: Neely Bruce

texts:
 music for mixed media, including seven documentary scores for public television. He has also written a variety of music for young people, including a new adaptation of the Brothers Grimm fairy tale Hansel and Gretel, which uses American popular music, such as rock and roll, pop, and rap.Flora, Hansel and Gretel, and Americana, or, A New Tale of the  Genii

Flora is an opera in two acts and six scenes based on the libretto and surviving tunes of what is thought to be the first piece of musical theater performed in colonial North America. The historical work premiered in Charleston, South Carolina in 1735, and played again at the newly built Dock Street Theatre in 1736. The modern score was commissioned by the Spoleto Festival USA and premiered by the company on May 29, 2010 to celebrate the reopening of the new Dock Street Theatre. Writing for the New York Times, James R. Oestreich praised the work and performance, stating: <mask> "did a remarkable job . . . evoking the musical world of the 18th century . . . the rest of the production is of similarly high quality." "Mr. <mask> conducted, from the harpsichord, members of the festival orchestra and a strong cast."(A complete live recording of the work can be found online at NPR's World of Opera.) Hansel and Gretel, an opera in two acts and nine scenes, based on a libretto adapted by the composer from the Brothers Grimm, was commissioned by Connecticut Opera and premiered by the company on March 20, 1998 in Hartford, Connecticut. The company toured a condensed

masks: Bruce Bruce


title: Neely Bruce

texts:
 version for children in 1997. In an enthusiastic review of the full premiere, Hartford Courant music critic Steve Metcalf commented on <mask>'s creating a new operatic Hansel and Gretel:
“temerity has never been a problem for <mask> <mask> . . . by blending a careful fidelity to the original Grimm story with his own manic imagination, [the composer] has created a clever and deeply entertaining new operatic journey into the woods . . . in a dizzying range of musical styles . . . about as far away from Engelbert Humperdinck as it would be possible to get. . . . [Hansel and Gretel] danced, skipped, roller-skated, high- fived and also sang their way through their troubles with unfailing and non-cloying freshness."Americana, or, A New Tale of the Genii, an opera in four acts, is based on a libretto adapted by Tony Connor from an anonymous 18th century source, which recounted the colonies' secession as allegorical parody. It was premiered in 1985 in a concert version by the American Music/Theatre Group, conducted by James Sinclair, in Hartford and Stamford, Connecticut, and New York City. Commenting on the premiere at Symphony Space for the New York Times, Will Crutchfield wrote:
<mask>'s new score "evinced its own quirky appeal . . . Now Boyce and Arne, now Stravinskian “wrong-note” classicism, now modestly chaotic improvisation, then hymnody, bluegrass, blues . . . the concept [of the work] is one for which pastiche has meaning. . . . The piece is odd enough and lively enough to merit a fully professional

masks: Bruce Neely Bruce Bruce


title: Neely Bruce

texts:
 production.”

Circular 14: The Apotheosis of Aristides

<mask>'s two-hour oratorio Circular 14: The Apotheosis of Aristides, for eight soloists, two choruses and large orchestra, received its first full-scale production in Salt Lake City on January 27, 2018. An early version, orchestrated for chamber music forces, was premiered in Los Angeles on January 24, 2016.About the performance Eric A. Gordon writes: "Circular 14 contains music of great variety and often unearthly transcendence...One can compare it to the great masterpieces in this form." References

External links
 Official Website
<mask> <mask> profile at Wesleyan
 <mask> <mask> on Soundcloud
 Video of <mask>'s "The Bill of Rights" performed at the Newseum
 "Celebrating the Bill of Rights in Song." <mask>'s The Bill of Rights performed at historic Faneuil Hall. YouthJournalism.org. "A Plague on All Our Houses! <mask> <mask> has seen the future, and it sucks!" John Whiting discusses <mask>'s rock cantata, The Plague.1944 births
Living people
American male composers
University of Alabama alumni
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign School of Music alumni
Wesleyan University faculty
Wesleyan University alumni
Middlebury College faculty
University of Michigan faculty
Bucknell University faculty
Brooklyn College faculty
20th-century American composers
21st-century American pianists
21st-century American composers
20th-century American pianists
Experimental Music Studios alumni
American male pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century

masks: Bruce Neely Bruce Neely Bruce Bruce Bruce Neely Bruce Bruce


title: Nicole Love Hendrickson

texts:
<mask> is an American elected official serving as the chair of the Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners. She is the only full-time and at-large commissioner in Georgia's most diverse and second-most populous county. <mask> is the first African-American and person of color, and the third woman, to serve as the county's chair. Early life and education
<mask> was born and raised in Providence, Rhode Island. She graduated from the University of Rhode Island with a bachelor's degree in psychology. She moved to Gwinnett County in the mid-2000s where she soon met her husband. She earned a Master's of Social Work from the University of Georgia in 2007, specializing in community planning.Career
In a span of eight years, <mask> worked her way up from intern to the associate director of the Gwinnett Coalition for Health and Human Services. During this time, she spearheaded the Gwinnett Neighborhood Leadership Institute, a leadership training program that now has hundreds of alumni. In 2015, the Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners appointed Hendrickson as the county's first Community Outreach Program Director. In this role, Hendrickson founded numerous community engagement and civic education programs including the Gwinnett 101 Citizens Academy and the Gwinnett Youth Commission. Gwinnett County chairwoman

Campaign and election
In January 2020, <mask> announced her candidacy for the Gwinnett County Board of Commissioners chairmanship saying, "I am uniquely qualified for this position because I have the proven experience in local government and understand the tough decisions that have to be made in order to balance the needs of the community with being a steward of our tax dollars....But most importantly, I have the heart to serve.” Running as a Democrat, Hendrickson

masks:
Nicole Love Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson
Hendrickson


title: Nicole Love Hendrickson

texts:
 competed against four other primary candidates for the party's nomination. After coming in first place in the June primary, <mask> won the Democratic nomination in an August primary runoff with nearly 80% of the vote. In the general election, <mask> won against the Republican candidate with 58% of the vote.Tenure
During her swearing-in ceremony, <mask> said, "My promise to you is that we will work to make Gwinnett County a community where economic opportunity is abundant for everyone, a community where affordability isn’t a luxury and a community that leads in regional connectivity. I am grateful to be a partner in addressing the challenges that face us. By working with community, civic and corporate leaders, we will ensure that Gwinnett County is ready and prepared to lead into the future." In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Hendrickson oversaw the conversion of a shuttered department store at Gwinnett Place Mall into the county's first mass vaccination site. At the opening of the site, <mask> stated, "We saw a need, we had the resources, and we kicked into high gear to make sure we that we could meet a critical need in our community. This site is the product of what it means when we all come together." In April 2021, <mask> announced Project Reset 2.0, an expansion of a previously established emergency rental assistance program.The program uses millions of federally funded dollars to help pay rent and utility bills for qualified renters impacted by the pandemic. "This site is the product of what it means when we all come together.She also helped organize Project RESET 2.0, an expansion of a previously established county emergency rental assistance program. The program uses federally-provided stimulus funds to pay past-due utility payment assistance as

masks: Hendrickson Hendrickson Hendrickson Hendrickson Hendrickson


title: Nicole Love Hendrickson

texts:
 well as past-due rent for approved applicants. Hendrickson helped oversee the development of the Gwinnett Entrepreneur Center, an incubator offering training and office space to local businesses and entrepreneurs. While announcing that the center would begin accepting applications, Hendrickson was quoted  saying "Small businesses are essential to a thriving economy — bringing jobs, stimulating economic growth and driving innovation... With more than 26,000 businesses here, the center will help nurture those entrepreneurs by providing guidance that will help their business.”

<mask> was the first Gwinnett County chair to establish a transparent application process for county appointments to boards, authorities, and committees. Alongside the other commissioners, Hendrickson established the Gwinnett County Police Citizens Advisory Board and the Gwinnett County Sustainability Commission. During her keynote speech at the Gwinnett Chamber of Commerce's inaugural Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Summit, Hendrickson announced the Gwinnett Place Mall Redevelopment Equity Plan and the Gwinnett County Equity Action Plan.She also said, "Diversity defines Gwinnett. The County is committed to putting policies and practices in place that not only embrace our diversity, but also harness its energy, creativity and innovative spirit through equity and inclusion,” while encouraging local business leaders "to think about diversity in their own organizations, and... to use an equity lens as they move their businesses forward." She had previously announced that the county would create create a chief equity officer position. <mask> has issued proclamations celebrating Juneteenth and, for the first time in Gwinnett's history, acknowledging the 1911 lynching of Charles Hale in

masks: Hendrickson Hendrickson


title: Nicole Love Hendrickson

texts:
 Lawrenceville, Georgia. <mask> is also the first Gwinnett County Chair to issue a proclamation recognizing LGBTQ+ Pride Month. Personal life
<mask> resides in Lilburn, Georgia with her husband and their son. Awards and affiliations
Hendrickson was the recipient of the Gwinnett Chamber of Commerce's Public Service Award and the 100 Black Men of Metro Atlanta's Trailblazer Award.She is listed as one of Atlanta Business Chronicle’s Power 100: Most Influential Atlantans and had previously been included on Georgia Trend's top 40 under 40. <mask> sits on boards of numerous organizations including the Atlanta Regional Commission, Gwinnett Board of Health, Gwinnett Chamber of Commerce, Georgia Hispanic Chamber of Commerce, and the United Way Gwinnett Community Board. She is a member of the Rotary Club of Gwinnett County. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
County commissioners in Georgia (U.S. state)
University of Rhode Island alumni
Politicians from Providence, Rhode Island
African-American people in Georgia (U.S. state) politics
Women in Georgia (U.S. state) politics
African-American women in politics
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
People from Lilburn, Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats
21st-century African-American women
21st-century African-American

masks: Hendrickson Hendrickson Hendrickson


title: Jessica Long

texts:
<mask> (born February 29, 1992) is a Russian-American Paralympic swimmer from Baltimore, Maryland, who competes in the S8, SB7 and SM8 category events. She has held many world records and competed at five Paralympic Games, winning 29 medals (16 of them gold). She has also won over 50 world championship medals. Early life
<mask> was born Tatiana Olegovna Kirillova in Bratsk, Russia. At the time she was born, her mother and father were unwed teenagers, 17 and 18 years old respectively. She was abandoned by her mother in a foster care and was later adopted by American parents at the age of 13 months. Because of fibular hemimelia, her lower legs were amputated when she was 18 months old.She learned to walk with prostheses. <mask> has been involved in many sports including gymnastics, cheerleading, ice skating, biking, trampoline, and rock climbing. She began swimming in her grandparents' pool before joining her first competitive team in 2002. The next year, <mask> was selected as Maryland Swimming's 2003 Female Swimmer of the Year with a Disability. <mask>'s adoptive brother, Joshua, was adopted at the same time from the same Siberian orphanage. International swimming career

<mask> entered the international stage at the 2004 Paralympic Games in Athens, Greece, winning three gold medals in swimming. Aged twelve at the time, she was the youngest competitor on the U.S. Paralympic Team.One of her gold medals was the 100-meter freestyle, which she swam just 0.19 seconds ahead of Paralympic-record-holder and world-record-holder Israeli Keren Leibovitch. <mask> had 18 world record-breaking performances in 2006. Her performance at the 2006 International Paralympic Committee (IPC) Swimming World Championships in Durban, South Africa where she won nine gold medals for her participation in seven individual medleys and two relays. She also held five world records which made her known from outside the world of Paralympic sport. In 2006, <mask> became the first Paralympic athlete selected as the AAU's James E. Sullivan

masks:
Jessica Tatiana Long
Long
Long
Long
Long
Long
Long
Long


title: Jessica Long

texts:
 Award winner. She was honored as the U.S. Olympic Committee's 2006 Paralympian of the year and Swimming World Magazine's 2006 Disabled Swimmer of the Year. In June 2021 the US announced the 34 Paralympic swimmers who would be going to the delayed 2020 Summer Paralympics in Tokyo.<mask> was named as the lead for the women's team of McKenzie Coan, Elizabeth Marks, Rebecca Meyers and Mallory Weggemann. The story of her adoption was portrayed in a Toyota ad, titled Upstream, which ran as a Super Bowl commercial in 2021 and during the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2020 Summer Paralympics. See also
 List of IPC world records in swimming
 List of Paralympic records in swimming

Bibliography
 <mask>, <mask> with <mask>. Unsinkable: From Russian Orphan to Paralymic Swimming World Champion. China, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, June 26, 2018. .

References

External links

 A Step Ahead Prosthetics – Designer/Builder of <mask>'s Custom Prosthetics

1992 births
American amputees
American disabled sportspeople
American female swimmers
Amputee sportspeople
James E. Sullivan Award recipients
Living people
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic bronze medalists for the United States
Paralympic gold medalists for the United States
Paralympic silver medalists for the United States
Paralympic swimmers of the United States
People from Bratsk
Russian emigrants to the United States
American people of Russian descent
S8-classified Paralympic swimmers
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2012 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2016 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
World record holders in paralympic swimming
Medalists at the World Para Swimming Championships
Paralympic medalists in swimming
Swimmers from Maryland
Sportspeople from Baltimore
21st-century American

masks:
Long
Long
Jessica
Hannah Long
Jessica


title: Israel Shahak

texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>, 28 April 1933 – 2 July 2001) was an Israeli professor of organic chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, a Holocaust survivor, an intellectual of liberal political bent, and a civil-rights advocate and activist on behalf of both Jews and Gentiles (non-Jews). For twenty years, he headed the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights (1970–90) and was a public critic of the policies of the governments of Israel. As a public intellectual, <mask>'s works about Judaism proved controversial, especially the book Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand Years (1994). Biography
<mask> was born <mask>, in 1933, in Warsaw, Poland, and was the youngest child of a cultured, Zionist family of Ashkenazi Jews. During the Second World War, the Nazi occupation of Poland (1939–1945) interned the <mask> family to the Warsaw Ghetto; yet his elder brother escaped from Poland to the United Kingdom, where he joined the Royal Air Force. Life in occupied Poland forced <mask>'s mother to pay a Roman Catholic family to hide Israel, whom they returned when she could not afford their safe-keeping him from the Nazis. In 1943, the Nazis sent the <mask> family to the Poniatowa concentration camp, to the west of Lublin, where his father died.Fortuitously, the ten-year-old boy and his mother escaped from the Poniatowa camp, and returned to Warsaw; yet, within a year, whilst emptying the city of Jews, the Nazis recaptured Israel and his mother, and imprisoned them in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, where they survived for 2 years, until the

masks:
Israel Shahak
Israel Himmelstaub
Shahak
Israel Shahak
Israel Himmelstaub
Shahak
Shahak
Shahak


title: Israel Shahak

texts: camp and its inmates were liberated in 1945 by the British Army. At age 13, in 1946, he re-examined the idea of God's existence and concluded that evidence for the theory was lacking. As displaced persons, mother and son managed to emigrate to the British Mandate of Palestine, where <mask>'s application to join a kibbutz was denied, because he was judged to be physically too slender. Post-war, the twelve-year-old Israel worked and studied and supported his mother, whose health had deteriorated in Bergen-Belsen. After a religious Jewish education at boarding school in the village of Kfar Hassidim, Israel and his mother moved to the city of Tel Aviv. Upon graduation from secondary school, <mask> served in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). After the military service, he earned a doctorate in chemistry, at Hebrew University.In the course of his professional career as a scientist, <mask>'s work in organic chemistry produced science about organic compounds of the element fluorine (F), contributed to cancer research, for which he gained an international reputation and included posting as an assistant to Ernst David Bergmann, the nuclear physicist who was chairman (1952) of the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC). In 1961, <mask> pursued post-doctoral studies at Stanford University, in the U.S.; in 1963, he returned to Israel, where he became a popular lecturer and researcher in chemistry, at Hebrew University; moreover, by 1965, Prof. <mask> actively participated in the Israeli politics of the day. In 1990, the academic <mask> retired from the faculty of Hebrew

masks: Shahak Shahak Shahak Shahak Shahak Shahak


title: Israel Shahak

texts:
 University, because of poor health (diabetes mellitus) and greater interest in research work in other fields of intellectual enquiry. For most of his adult life, Prof. <mask>, Ph.D., resided in the Rehavia neighborhood in West Jerusalem; at the age of 68 years, he died of diabetic complications, and was buried in the Givat Shaul cemetery. <mask> had a deep affinity with Spinoza: he always packed a copy of The Ethics in his suitcase for reading during his periodic stints of service in the Israel Defense Forces, and had been writing a book on the philosopher before his death. His activities as a public intellectual fighting for human rights causes and for a secular state earned him a reputation for controversy, and frequent abuse. He was regularly spat on, frequently given death threats, and decried variously as an Israel basher, self-hating Jew, traitor, and enemy of the people.Politics

Public intellectual
In the late 1950s, as a citizen of Israel, Prof. <mask> became politically engaged on hearing a demagogic comment of David Ben-Gurion that, with the Suez War (29 October 1956 – 7 November 1956), the State of Israel was fighting to achieve "the kingdom of David and Solomon". In the 1960s he joined the Israeli League Against Religious Coercion. In 1965, he began political activism against "Classical Judaism" and Zionism; and wrote a letter to Haaretz about having witnessed an Orthodox Jew "refusing to let his phone be used on the Sabbath to help a non-Jew who had collapsed nearby"; in Israel, <mask>'s complaint began a long-running debate about the attitudes

masks:
Israel Shahak
Shahak
Shahak
Shahak


title: Israel Shahak

texts: (religious and cultural) of Orthodox Judaism towards gentiles. In 1967, after the Six-Day War (5–10 June 1967), <mask> ended his membership to the League Against Religious Coercion, because they were "fake liberals" who used the principles of Liberalism to combat coercive religious influence in Israeli society — but did not apply such protections to the Israeli Palestinians living in the IDF-occupied West Bank and in the Gaza Strip. In the event, <mask> joined the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights, and became its president in 1970. The League, composed of Jewish and Arab citizens of Israel, protested and publicized Israel's restrictive policies against Palestinians and provided legal aid to them. Some settlers in the West Bank city of Hebron so hated him that in 1971 they had their pick-up truck painted with "Dr. Shahak To The Gallows".In 1969, <mask> and another member of the faculty of Hebrew University, staged a sit-down protest against the Israeli government's policy of jailing politically active Palestinian students, by way of administrative detention authorised by state-of-emergency laws; likewise, <mask> supported the political efforts of Palestinian students to achieve equal rights, like those granted to Jewish Israelis, at Hebrew University. In 1970, <mask> established the Committee Against Administrative Detentions to formally oppose such legalised political repression. To make public what he considered the anti-Arab and anti-Palestinian legalised discrimination, <mask> published English translations of Hebrew-language reportage about illegal and


title: Israel Shahak

texts:
 unjust actions of the Israeli government against the gentile citizens of Israel; <mask>'s English reports were intended for the Jewish community of the U.S. The translated reports featured headlines such as "Torture in Israel," and "Collective Punishment in the West Bank", which Shahak sent to journalists, academics, and human rights activists, and so ensured that the mainstream population of the U.S. would be informed of the religious discrimination practised by the government of Israel. Civil rights advocate
As a public intellectual, <mask> wrote about the Israeli government's actions against the non-Jewish citizens of the State of Israel, such as the suppression of freedom of speech and general political activity; land ordinances, living restrictions, and the confiscation of lands from non-Jews;  the destruction of houses; legally-sanctioned unequal pay and work restrictions; emergency-defence regulations allowing the summary arrest, detention, and torture of prisoners (civil and military); the collective punishment of communities; the assassinations of leaders (religious, political, academic); racial discrimination in access to education; and the deprivation of Israeli citizenship. Such political activities earned <mask> much hostility and death threats; after the 1982 Lebanon War (June 1982 – June 1985), Shahak also reported Israeli abuses of the populations of Lebanon. In effort to explain the behaviour of the State of Israel towards their Arab neighbours, Prof. Shahak proposed that the Israeli interpretation of Jewish history produced a society who

masks: Shahak Shahak Shahak


title: Israel Shahak

texts:
 disregard the human rights of the Arab peoples, within Israel and around Israel.That Zionism was a "régime based on structural discrimination and racism." In the book review of a festschrift in honour of Rabbi Elmer Berger Anti-Zionism: Analytical Reflections (1988), Sheldon Richman characterized <mask>'s interpretation of Zionism as viewing it as an atavistic reaction against the European Enlightenment's individualism that strove to revive the suffocating world of the Jewish ghetto. The founders of the movement did not believe Jews could lead a normal existence in democratic societies. In this sense, for <mask>, Zionism can be thought of as "a mirror image of anti-Semitism," in that, in common with antisemites, Zionists considered Jews to be aliens who must be quarantined from the rest of the world, a viewpoint <mask> read as capitulating to European antisemitism. For Richman, <mask>'s analysis shed light on the tragic consequences that followed upon the establishment of Israel, as Arabs were swept away to forge a state for Jews alone. In letters published in the Ha'aretz and Kol Ha'ir newspapers, <mask> criticized the political hypocrisy demonstrated by the radical Left in their uncritical support of the Palestinian nationalist movements. In his obituary of Prof. <mask>, Christopher Hitchens said that <mask>'s house was "a library of information about the human rights of the oppressed", and that:

The families of prisoners, the staff of closed and censored publications, the victims of eviction and confiscation — none were ever turned away.I have met influential

masks:
Shahak
Shahak
Shahak
Shahak
Shahak
Israel Shahak
Shahak


title: Israel Shahak

texts:
 "civil society" Palestinians alive today who were protected as students when Israel was a professor of chemistry at the Hebrew University; from him they learned never to generalize about Jews. And they respected him, not just for his consistent stand against discrimination, but also because — he never condescended to them. He detested nationalism and religion, and made no secret of his contempt for the grasping Arafat entourage. But, as he once put it to me, "I will now only meet with Palestinian spokesmen when we are out of the country. I have some severe criticisms to present to them. But I cannot do this while they are living under occupation, and I can 'visit' them as a privileged citizen." <mask> was also active in protesting the public burning of Christian books such as occurred on 23 March 1980 when Yad Le-akhim, a religious organization that was at the time a beneficiary of subsidies from the Ministry of Religion, ceremonially incinerated hundreds of copies of the New Testament publicly in Jerusalem.Author
Among the books publish by Israel <mask> are Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel (1994), co-authored by Norton Mezvinsky, Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand Years (1994), and Open Secrets: Israel's Nuclear and Foreign Policies (1997). In the introduction to the 2004 edition of Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel, the historian Mezvinsky said, "We realize that, by criticizing Jewish fundamentalism, we are criticizing a part of the past that we love. We wish that members of every human grouping would criticize their own past, even before

masks: Shahak Shahak


title: Israel Shahak

texts:
 criticizing others." Alleged telephone incident
In 1965, <mask> wrote a letter to the Haaretz newspaper, about an injustice he witnessed; that letter originated "the current major debate within and outside Israel about Orthodox Jewish attitudes to non-Jews." In the letter, <mask> said he witnessed an Orthodox Jew refuse the use of his telephone to call for an ambulance for a non-Jew, because it was the Shabbat. <mask> added that the Beth din, the rabbinical court of Jerusalem, had confirmed that the Orthodox Jew correctly understood Halakha law on Pikuach nefesh regarding non-Jews and the Sabbath, and quoted passages from a recent legal compilation. Consequently, the cultural matter of a religiously-denied telephone became public political discussion in the Israeli press and the Jewish press abroad, all of which directed attention to <mask> as a public intellectual in the cultural politics of Israel.The Jewish Chronicle in London stated that "The halakha (Jewish law) abounds in such abominations ... in conflict with the humane instincts within which anyone raised in Jewish tradition is imbued." In the Maariv newspaper, the minister of religious affairs, Rabbi Dr. Zerach Warhaftig said that the Orthodox rabbinical ruling was correct, but quoted traditional Jewish passages that allowed a Jewish physician to save the life of a non-Jew on the Sabbath, despite not being religiously required to do so. Public controversy
In 1966, Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits disputed the veracity of <mask>'s story, claiming that <mask> had been compelled to admit that the incident had not

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 occurred. He cited a lengthy responsum, by Isser Yehuda Unterman, the Ashkenazi Chief Rabbi of Israel, who said that "the Sabbath must be violated to save non-Jewish life no less than Jewish lives", and cited a ruling by Rabbi Menachem Meiri that Jews should desecrate the Sabbath to save a gentile's life. The opinions of these rabbis derived from the book Noda B'Yehuda (Known in Judah), in which the 18th-century religious authority Yechezkel Landau said: "I emphatically declare that in all laws contained in the Jewish writings concerning theft, fraud, etc. no distinction is made between Jew and Gentile; that the (Talmudic) legal categories goy, akum (idolater) etc., in no way apply to the people among whom we live." In 1967, Ze'ev Falk, while dissociating himself from <mask>'s Sabbath story which he regarded as an invention, acknowledged that it was this "fiction" and method of action which had indeed brought about Rabbi Unterman's ruling that allowed the Sabbath to be violated to save the lives of Gentiles.For him, Unterman's ruling may have opened a "new page" in Orthodox Jewish attitudes to righteous Gentiles and non-Jews alike. The history book
Despite the controversy, <mask> published his account of the telephone in the first chapter of Jewish History, Jewish Religion (1994), and said that "neither the Israeli, nor the diaspora rabbinical authorities ever reversed their ruling that a Jew should not violate the Sabbath in order to save the life of a Gentile. They added much sanctimonious twaddle to the effect that, if the consequence of such an act puts Jews


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 in danger, the violation of the Sabbath is permitted, for their sake." In 2008, seven years after <mask>'s death, the controversy of religious interpretation continued when Rabbi Shmuley Boteach doubted the veracity of <mask>'s report of Jewish injustice against a non-Jew: "From the beginning, the story was curious. What prohibition could there possibly be, in allowing someone else to use one's phone on the Sabbath?" In support, he cited Eli Beer, the chief coordinator of Israel's volunteer ambulance service (1,100 medical personnel, 60 per cent Orthodox), who said, "If someone would say we won't save a non-Jewish life on the Sabbath, he is a liar. If he is Jewish, Christian, or Muslim we save everyone's life on any day of the year, including the Sabbath and Yom Kippur, and I have done so myself.Indeed, as an Orthodox Jew it is my greatest honor to save the life of a non-Jew, and I would violate any of the Jewish holy days to do so." Jewish History, Jewish Religion (1994)
In 1994, <mask> published Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand Years, about Jewish fundamentalism, which history professor Norton Mezvinsky, at Central Connecticut State University, said is a:

Scathing attack upon Classical Judaism and its more modern outgrowth, Orthodox Judaism.... As a lover of prophetic Judaism and as a disciple of Spinoza, <mask>, in a learned and rational manner, condemned the parochialism, racism, and hatred of non-Jews, which too often appeared in the Judaism that developed during and after the Talmudic period, and which, to a goodly extent, still

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 exists. That the initial history of most nations is ethnocentric, and that, in time, by way of a period of critical self-analysis, the nation incorporates the social perspectives of the Other, of the ethnic groups living among them. That, after the Age of Enlightenment, the Jewish emancipation from legal and religious social subordination was a dual liberation — from Christian antisemitism and from the rabbinate of conservative Judaism, and their "imposed scriptural control" upon daily Jewish life. The journalist Robert Fisk said that the examination of Jewish fundamentalism is invaluable, because <mask> concludes that:

There can no longer be any doubt that the most horrifying acts of oppression in the West Bank are motivated by Jewish religious fanaticism." He quotes from an official exhortation to religious Jewish soldiers about Gentiles, published by the Israeli army's Central Region Command, in which the chief chaplain writes: "When our forces come across civilians during a war, or in hot pursuit, or a raid, so long as there is no certainty that those civilians are incapable of harming our forces, then, according to the Halakhah (the legal system of Classical Judaism) they may and even should be killed... In no circumstances should an Arab be trusted, even if he makes an impression of being civilised....In war, when our forces storm the enemy, they are allowed, and even enjoined, by the Halakhah to kill even good civilians, that is, civilians who are ostensibly good. In his foreword to the second edition (1997), Edward Said said that <mask> was "one of the


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 most remarkable individuals in the contemporary Middle East." In his book review, Werner Cohn said that <mask> was making "grotesque charges" and that specific passages in Jewish History, Jewish Religion are without foundation:

Some are just funny. He says (pp. 23-4) that "Jewish children are actually taught" to utter a ritual curse when passing a non-Jewish cemetery. He also tells us (p. 34) that "both before and after a meal, a pious Jew ritually washes his hands....On one of these two occasions he is worshiping God... but on the other he is worshiping Satan..." I did take the trouble to question my orthodox rabbi nephew to find what might be behind such tall tales. He had no clue.If orthodox Jews were actually taught such hateful things, surely someone would have heard. Whom is Dr. <mask> kidding?. The remark regarding children passing a cemetery occurs in <mask>'s discussion of passages modified by rabbis who, under pressure from antisemitic Christian authorities such as those in Tzarist Russia, altered the texts, while keeping private copies of the originals which, according to <mask> were restored as the proper manuscript readings and published in Israel after the founding of the state of Israel. Samuel Heilman writing for the Review of Middle East Studies gave a negative review and propose to dispose the book " into the same dustbin as the infamous anti-Jewish tract and fraud, the Protocols of the Elders of Zion." Critical reception
As a public intellectual, <mask> was accused of fabricating the incidents he reported, of blaming the victim, of distorting

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 the normative meaning of Jewish religious texts, and of misrepresenting Jewish belief and law. Paul Bogdanor claimed that <mask> "regaled his audience with a stream of outrageous libels, ludicrous fabrications, and transparent hoaxes. As each successive allegation was exposed and discredited, he would simply proceed to a new invention."Ari Alexander, co-founder of the Children of Abraham Organization for Jewish–Islamic dialogue, said that, despite the use <mask>'s works by neo-Nazis and anti-Israel organisations in Arab countries:

The texts that <mask> cites are real (though <mask>'s sporadic use of footnotes makes it difficult to check all of them). Often, the interpretation [by <mask>] of these texts is debatable, and their prominence in Judaism negligible, but, nonetheless, they are part of Jewish tradition, and, therefore, cannot be ignored. Accusations of being an antisemite were among the responses to <mask>'s works about Judaism and the Talmud. In that vein, in The Talmud in Anti-Semitic Polemics, the Anti-Defamation League (ADL) listed Prof. <mask> as one of four authors of antisemitic polemics, and Bogdanor said that in his works, <mask> was "recycling Soviet anti-Semitic propaganda." Werner Cohn said, "without question, he is the world's most conspicuous Jewish anti-Semite.... Like the Nazis before him, <mask> specialized in defaming the Talmud. In fact, he has made it his life's work to popularize the anti–Talmud ruminations of the eighteenth-century German anti-Semite, Johann Eisenmenger". Emanuele Ottolenghi, reviewing Alexander and Bogdanor's book,

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 argued that Jews such as <mask>, George Steiner, Tanya Reinhart, Tony Judt, Avi Shlaim, Seymour Hersh and Daniel Boyarin act as enablers for antisemites, because the rhetoric of antisemitic Jews plays a "crucial role... in excusing, condoning, and — in effect — abetting anti-Semitism."In his opinion, "Anti-Semites rely on Jews to confirm their prejudice: If Jews recur to such language, and advocate such policies, how can anyone be accused of anti-Semitism, for making the same arguments?... The mechanism through which an anti-Semitic accusation becomes respectable once a Jew endorses it is not limited to Israel's new historians.... <mask> made the comparison between Israel and Nazism respectable — all the while describing Judaism according to the medieval canons of the blood libel". The journalist Dan Rickman argues that

<mask> ignores [the dialectical nature and humanist] aspects of the sources. Further, through overstating his case, his analysis fits into anti-Semitic traditions of such accusations against the Talmud. Copies of the Talmud have been burned, and the text of the Talmud that is studied today is still heavily censored. <mask>'s view that chauvinism in these sources in any way 'justifies' anti-Semitism is also very troubling. However, I do believe that his trenchant critique of Judaism is, tragically, not without some force.The contemporary situation is that we do see some modern Orthodox rabbis utilise xenophobic sources in modern rulings. Orthodox rabbis in organisations such as Rabbis for Human Rights are sadly the exception rather than the rule.

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 Death
<mask> died of diabetes in July 2001 and was buried in Giv'at Shaul cemetery, Jerusalem. His death was the occasion of tribute and criticism; the Bar-Ilan University historian Haim Genizi, said that "<mask>'s extreme anti–Israeli statements were welcomed by the PLO, and [were] widely circulated in pro–Arab circles", in detriment to the interests of the State of Israel. Gore Vidal said <mask> was "the latest, if not the last, of the great prophets", regarding the influence of religion upon the civil law of society. Norton Mezvinsky, said that his friend and collaborator was "a rare intellectual giant and a superior humanist"; in that vein, Edward Said said that <mask> was "a very brave man who should be honored for his services to humanity." An obituary in Haaretz called him "the scourge of nationalists".Christopher Hitchens considered <mask> a "dear friend and comrade... [who was] a brilliant and devoted student of the archaeology of Jerusalem and Palestine", who, "during his chairmanship of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights, set a personal example that would be very difficult to emulate." Alexander Cockburn described <mask> the intellectual, the "tireless translator and erudite foot-noter... a singular man, an original." Allan C. Brownfeld, of the American Council for Judaism, recalled a humanist who actively opposed "racism and oppression in any form and in any country"; that <mask> possessed a "genuinely prophetic Jewish voice, one which ardently advocated democracy and human rights." In an obituary, the journalist Elfi Pallis called <mask>

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 essentially "an old-fashioned liberal" in principle, thought, and action. Moreover, Michel Warschawski said that <mask> was "the last Israeli liberal", who was "above all, one of the last philosophers of the eighteenth-century school of enlightenment, rationalism, and liberalism, in the American meaning of the concept." Selected bibliography

 <mask>, (ed. ), The Non-Jew in the Jewish State; a collection of Documents, Jerusalem, 1975
 <mask> (ed), Begin & Co as they really are, Glasgow 1977
 <mask> and Noam Chomsky, Israel's Global Role: Weapons for Repression (Studies in Geophysical Optics and Remote Sensing), Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc., April 1982, paperback,
 <mask>, Israel's Global Role: Weapons for Repression (Special Reports, No.4), Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1982, paperback
 <mask>, (ed. ), The Zionist Plan for the Middle East (a translation of Oded Yinon's "A Strategy for Israel in the Nineteen Eighties" or the "Yinon Plan", Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc., October 1982, paperback,
 <mask>, Jewish History, Jewish Religion: The Weight of Three Thousand Years: Pluto Press, London, 1994, ; Pluto Press, London, 2008,
 <mask>, Open Secrets: Israeli Foreign and Nuclear Policies, Pluto Press, London, 1997
 <mask> and Norton Mezvinsky, Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel (Pluto Middle Eastern Series), Pluto Press (UK), October 1999, hardcover, 176 pages, ; trade paperback, Pluto Press, (UK), October 1999, ; 2nd edition with new introduction by Norton Mezvinsky, trade paperback July 2004,

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title: Allen Saunders

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<mask> (April 24, 1899 – January 28, 1986) was an American writer, journalist and cartoonist who wrote the comic strips Steve Roper and Mike Nomad, Mary Worth and Kerry Drake. He is credited with being the originator of the saying, "Life is what happens to us while we are making other plans" in 1957. The saying was later slightly modified and popularised by John Lennon in the song "Beautiful Boy (Darling Boy)". His full name, <mask>, sometimes led to confusion with his son John (<mask>, 1924–2003), who later continued two of his father's strips. Career overview
<mask> covered the gamut of comics genres: editorial, commercial, gag, adventure, and melodrama. Big Chief Wahoo (later renamed Steve Roper and Mike Nomad) was popular in its day, a witty romp with puns, slapstick and satire. But although it defended Native Americans and joked at "palefaces," it relied on exaggerated stereotypes for humor.<mask> admitted that "if we were doing Chief Wahoo today, we'd have problems." It was his serious dramas or "open-ended novels" Steve Roper, Mary Worth, and Kerry Drake that showed his mature talents and reflected himself and his views on the human condition. Roper, like <mask>, was a journalist who was decent, knew French, smoked a pipe, had run his college newspaper (and almost flunked physics) and faced tough challenges. Through him, <mask> defended journalism while also enjoying the action sequences he wrote for him and Nomad. He was especially fond of the "indigenous gimmick" technique, solving a problem by using something that is ordinarily ignored in the setting. But he identified more with Mary Worth: "Mary and I have come, over the years, to think pretty much alike" (1971 interview). As opposed to the existing action/adventure genre popular with male readers, his Mary Worth established the soap strip with its appeal primarily to

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texts: women.(In his 1971 interview, he said that 90% of his fan letters for Worth came from females, and 90% of those for Roper and Nomad were from males.) It in fact was singled out for praise by Eleanor Roosevelt. He inspired later soap strip writers such as Nick Dallis, who started Rex Morgan, M.D., Judge Parker, and Apartment 3-G. But he himself disliked the term "soap" because he saw an underlying unity in his own strips as "adventure strips" based on conflict—emotional conflict in Mary Worth, physical conflict in Steve Roper. One of his major contributions was to merge the two as Roper, Nomad, and Drake increasingly dealt with emotional conflicts in their personal lives and faced hard moral dilemmas. Narrating conflicts in a range of social issues (drugs, the sexes, divorce, job loss, the youth scene and counterculture, prejudice, and of course crime, to name just a few), <mask> wrote tight, fast-moving stories with plot twists and dramatic tension lightened by droll predicaments. He was known for "sophisticated scripts with literate dialogue", with almost twice as much said (and happening) per daily strip as in the post-1979 versions, and under him, even Nomad (later treated as slow-witted and speaking in grawlixes) was a sharp, shrewd character who was articulate in three languages.<mask> explored personality and motivation in the long series of people passing through his strips, and they got to be "awfully real" to him. His scripts were interpreted and fleshed out by talented realist artists (Ernst in Mary Worth, Pete Hoffman and then William Overgard in Steve Roper, Alfred Andriola and his ghosts in Kerry Drake) who made the characters and settings both attractive and believable. At the end of <mask>' autobiography (published in Nemo shortly after his death), Nemo editor Rick Marschall called him a "dedicated craftsman and a

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 flinty, memorable personality." That showed through clearly in his 42-year output of popular dramas for his "paper actors." Biography

Early life and career
Born in Lebanon, Indiana, <mask> enjoyed newspaper comics as a youth, and he practiced drawing them. After graduating from Wabash College in 1920, he taught French there for seven years while working in the summers on his M.A. at the University of Chicago and taking night classes at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts.He drew editorial cartoons and the single-panel Miserable Moments, wrote detective fiction for magazines, worked in Chautauqua theater and wrote plays. These experiences converged in his later comics career. In 1927, while on sabbatical from Wabash, he moved to Toledo, Ohio as a reporter and drama critic for the News-Bee, and he stayed on with that newspaper. Eight years later, Elmer Woggon (a friend at the rival Toledo Blade) proposed a comic strip for Publishers Syndicate, The Great Gusto, which he would draw if <mask> did the writing. They shook on it, but it wasn't accepted until they refocused on its Indian character. On November 23, 1936, it finally appeared in the newspapers as Big Chief Wahoo and scored a success—fortunately, as <mask>' regular job ended when the News-Bee folded in 1938. Gags gave way to adventure strips, so in 1940, he began to reshape the narrative into Steve Roper, centered on the escapades of a racket-busting photojournalist.Mary Worth

In 1939, he was asked to write Apple Mary when its creator (since 1932) Martha Orr left, and he developed it into Mary Worth's Family. While the King Features Syndicate website insists that these two Marys are unrelated, <mask>' autobiography and interviews explicitly document the transition. The Depression-era apple vendor's full name was Mary Worth, and <mask> explained his makeover of the character and

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texts: how her deceased husband's stocks regained their value. The result was a new kind of continuity strip patterned on women's magazine stories of the time, as Mary met people with interesting lives and dispensed her advice when their problems reached a critical point. When his artist Dale Conner quit to do a strip of her own, <mask> persuaded Ken Ernst to take over the artwork in 1942, and the strip became simply Mary Worth. In addition to these two strips, as comics editor for Publishers Syndicate, he finished up the police strip Dan Dunn in 1942–43 and agreed to write the syndicate's proposed replacement, Kerry Drake. But the artist, Alfred Andriola, stipulated receiving sole credit for it.So for three decades, <mask> intrigued newspaper and comic book readers with his well-written and researched Kerry Drake detective stories, but he was not credited, even when Andriola accepted the 1970 Reuben Award for "Kerry Drake by Alfred Andriola." <mask> quit the strip soon after that and was "not sorry". It was only after Andriola's death in 1983 that the real author was revealed. Even with the occasional assistance of his son John, a Toledo broadcaster, it was a challenge to keep three story strips going (as well as writing a 1950s advertising comic Duke Handy and consulting on John's strip Dateline: Danger! (1968–74) But as he noted in his autobiography, "as long as there are people, there are plots." He approached his work as a "craft." After getting feedback for a story idea from his artists, he isolated himself to map it out over 13 weeks of dailies and Sundays (1953 article), with the playwriting formula "First act, get your leading character up a tree; second act, throw rocks at him; third act, get him down".Then, in his work week, he allocated two days to each of the three strips to create a week's worth, using his own cartooning


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 skills to sketch roughs of the characters and dialog in each panel for his artists and letterers to follow. <mask> also served as chair of the Newspaper Comics Council, was a longtime member of the National Cartoonists Society who helped younger cartoonists get started (e.g., Fran Matera, Pete Hoffman, Nicholas P. Dallis, Alex Kotzky), and was a civic-minded leader in Toledo community affairs. In 1957, <mask> wrote the line, "Life is what happens to us while we are making other plans," usually attributed to John Lennon. It appeared in a 1957 issue of the Reader's Digest. Later life and death
In 1979, <mask> retired and turned over the writing of Steve Roper and Mary Worth to son John. He remained  professionally active as "Dean of American Continuity Strips" (a reputation that amused him), received an Inkpot Award in 1981, and wrote his Nemo autobiography, a rich resource on the history of American comic strip writing. He died on January 28, 1986, survived by his wife of 63 years, Lois, and their four children (John, David, Penny, Lois Ann), and donating an archive of material to the Browne Library for Popular Culture Studies at Bowling Green State University.Steve Roper and Mike Nomad, the enduring continuation of his first strip, finally came to an end on December 26, 2004, while Mary Worth still appears under Karen Moy and Joe Giella. Kerry Drake ended with Andriola. References

Notes

Sources
Toledo Blade.1953. "Evolution of a Comic Strip" by Seymour Rothman, Pictorial, Aug. 9 1953, p. 5–6, reprinted in Steve Roper and Wahoo, Blackthorne Publishing (Book 2). External links
National Cartoonists Society: <mask>. Lambiek: <mask>
King Features: Mary Worth
 <mask> Papers: An inventory of his papers at Syracuse University

1899 births
1986 deaths
American comic strip cartoonists
American comics writers
Wabash College alumni
People from

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title: Mikhail Kutuzov

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Prince <mask>v (; ;  – ) was a Field Marshal of the Russian Empire. He served as a military officer and a diplomat under the reign of three Romanov monarchs: Empress Catherine II, and Emperors Paul I and Alexander I. Kutuzov was shot in the head twice while fighting the Turks (1774 and 1788) and survived the serious injuries seemingly against all odds. He defeated Napoleon as commander-in-chief using attrition warfare in the Patriotic war of 1812. Alexander I wrote that Europe will remember him as one of the famous commanders and that Russia will never forget his worthiness. Early career
<mask> was born in Saint Petersburg on 16 September 1745. His father, Lieutenant-General Illarion Matveevich Kutuzov, had served for 30 years with the Corps of Engineers, had seen action against the Turks and served under Peter the Great. <mask>'s mother came from the noble family of Beklemishev.Given his father's distinguished service and his mother's high birth, Kutuzov had contact with the imperial Romanov family from an early age. In 1757, at the age of 12, Kutuzov entered an elite military-engineering school as a cadet private. He quickly became popular with his peers and teachers alike, proving himself to be highly intelligent, and showed bravery in his school's numerous horse-races. Kutuzov studied military and civil subjects there, learned to speak French, German and English fluently, and later studied Polish, Swedish, and Turkish; his linguistic skills served him well throughout

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title: Mikhail Kutuzov

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 Ochakov, Odessa, Bender, and Izmail, and in the battles of Rymnik (1789) and Mashin (July 1791).He became a lieutenant-general (March 1791) and successively occupied the positions of ambassador at Istanbul, commander of Russian forces in Finland, commandant of the corps of cadets at Saint Petersburg, ambassador at Berlin, and governor-general of Saint Petersburg (1801–1802). Kutuzov was a favourite of Tsar Paul I (reigned 1796–1801), and after that emperor's murder he was temporarily out of favour with the new monarch Alexander I, though he remained loyal. Napoleonic Wars

In 1805, Kutuzov commanded the Russian corps to oppose Napoleon's advance on Vienna, but the Austrians were quickly defeated at Ulm in mid-October before they could meet up with their Russian allies. <mask> was present at the battle of Austerlitz on 2 December 1805. On the eve of battle, Kutuzov tried to convince the Allied generals of the necessity of waiting for reinforcements before facing Napoleon. Alexander believed that waiting to engage Napoleon's forces would be seen as cowardly. Kutuzov quickly realised that he no longer had any power with Alexander and the Austrian chief of staff General-Major Franz von Weyrother.When he asked Alexander where he planned to move a unit of troops, he was told "That's none of your business." Though Alexander's orders made it clear that the Russians should move off the strategic Pratzen Plateau, Kutuzov stalled for as long as possible as he recognised the


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 advantage that Napoleon would gain from this high ground. Finally, Alexander forced <mask> to abandon the Plateau. Napoleon quickly seized the ridge and broke the Allied lines with his artillery which now commanded the battlefield from the Pratzen Plateau. The battle was lost, and over 25,000 Russians were killed. <mask> was put in charge of organising the army's retreat across Hungary and back into Russia as Alexander was overcome by grief. Kutuzov was then put in charge of the Russian army operating against the Turks in the Russo-Turkish War, 1806–1812.Understanding that his armies would be badly needed in the upcoming war with the French, he hastily brought the prolonged war to a victorious end and concluded the propitious Treaty of Bucharest, which stipulated the incorporation of Bessarabia into the Russian Empire. The Patriotic War (1812)

When Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812, Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly (then Minister of War), with his army being outnumbered 2:1, chose to follow the scorched earth principle and retreat rather than to risk a major battle. His strategy aroused grudges among most of the generals and soldiers. As Alexander after the Battle of Smolensk had to choose a new general, there was only one choice: <mask>. He was popular among the troops mainly because he was Russian (most of the generals commanding Russian troops at that time were foreign), he was brave, had proven himself in battle, strongly believed in the Russian Orthodox Church, and he

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texts: looked out for the troops' well-being. The nobles and clergy also regarded Kutuzov highly. Therefore, when Kutuzov was appointed commander-in-chief on the 17th and joined the army on 29 August 1812 at Tsaryovo-Zaymishche, Russians supported his appointment.Only Alexander, repulsed by <mask>'s physique and irrationally holding him responsible for the defeat at Austerlitz, did not celebrate <mask>'s commission. The day before he left he met with Madame de Stael a strong opponent of Napoleon. Within a week <mask> decided to give major battle on the approaches to Moscow. He withdrew the troops still further to the east, deploying them for the upcoming battle. Two huge armies clashed near Borodino on 7 September 1812, involving nearly a quarter of a million soldiers, ratio about 1.1 French to 1 Russian soldier. The result of the battle of Borodino was a kind of Pyrrhic victory for Napoleon, with near a third of the French army killed or wounded. Although the Russian losses were nearly 50% higher, the Russian army had not been destroyed.On 10 September was the main quarter of the Russian army situated at Bolshiye Vyazyomy. Kutuzov settled in a manor on the high road to Moscow. The owner was Dmitry Golitsyn, who entered military service again. The next day  Tsar Alexander signed a document that Kutuzov was promoted General Field Marshall, the highest military rank. Russian sources suggest Kutuzov wrote a number of orders and letters to Rostopchin, the Moscow military governor,


title: Mikhail Kutuzov

texts: October, on order of Napoleon, the French ambassador Jacques Lauriston left Moscow to meet <mask> at his headquarters near Tarutino. <mask> agreed to meet, despite the orders of the Tsar. On 18 October, at dawn during breakfast, Murat's camp in a forest was surprised by an attack by forces led by Bennigsen, known as Battle of Winkovo. Bennigsen was supported by Kutuzov from his headquarters at distance.Bennigsen asked <mask> to provide troops for the pursuit. However, the General Field Marshal refused. Napoleon's goal was to get around Kutuzov, but on the 24th he was stopped at Maloyaroslavets on his way to Medyn and forced to go north on the 26th. After the Battle of Maloyaroslavets, ratio 1:1, Napoleon decided to avoid a decisive battle and marched north via Mozhaisk to Smolensk into a higher probability of starvation, as it was the devastated route of his advance. The old general "escorted" Napoleon on the more southern roads but attacked him at the Battle of Vyazma, at the Battle of Krasnoi, ratio 1 French soldier to 1.4 Russian, and at the Battle of Berezina, ratio 1:1.75. In parallel Cossack bands and peasants assaulted isolated French units during their whole retreat. With Kutusov's strategy of attrition warfare, on 14 December the remainder of the French main army left Russia.The only remaining troops  were the flanking forces (43,000 under Schwarzenberg, 23,000 under Macdonald), about 1,000 men of the Guard and about 40,000 stragglers, about 110,000, all that were


title: Anastasija Sevastova

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<mask> (born 13 April 1990) is a professional tennis player from Latvia. She reached her career-high singles ranking of world No. 11 in October 2018, after reaching her first Premier Mandatory final at the China Open. She has won four singles titles on the WTA Tour, as well as 13 singles and four doubles titles on the ITF Circuit. Sevastova is best known for her success at the US Open, particularly in recent years. In 2016, she defeated the reigning French Open champion and world No. 3, Garbiñe Muguruza, as well as Australian Open semifinalist Johanna Konta, en route to her first Grand Slam quarterfinal.In 2018, she reached her first Grand Slam semifinal, defeating defending champion and world No. 3, Sloane Stephens, in the quarterfinals, whom she had lost to at that same stage in 2017, before losing to Serena Williams. Early life and background
<mask> Sevastova was born on 13 April 1990 in Liepāja, Latvia. She was raised by her mother Diāna Golovanova, an English teacher. Sevastova's grandmother was interested in channeling Sevastova's energy into sports. She introduced her to the tennis at age 6. With her natural athleticism, Sevastova could have gravitated to basketball or soccer but chose tennis because her grandmother had friends who played and because the family lived near a tennis club in Liepāja.The colder months would prove more complicated. There were no indoor tennis-dedicated facilities in Liepāja — only school gymnasiums with varnished wooden floors, where the multicolored lines used for various sports intersect like a Mondrian painting. Due to that, Sevastova played most of her winter tennis in the gymnasium in a secondary school where her mother taught. It is also the same school where Jeļena Ostapenko’s mother and primary coach, Jeļena Jakovleva, attended school as a youngster. It soon became clear that Sevastova would need to leave home to progress further. Ernests Gulbis, who was from an affluent family in Riga, was boarding at Niki

masks:
Anastasija Sevastova
Anastasija


title: Friedrich List

texts:
<mask> (6 August 1789 – 30 November 1846) was a German-American economist who developed the "National System" of political economy. He was a forefather of the German historical school of economics, and argued for the German Customs Union from a Nationalist standpoint. He advocated imposing tariffs on imported goods while supporting free trade of domestic goods, and stated the cost of a tariff should be seen as an investment in a nation's future productivity. <mask> was a political liberal who collaborated with Karl von Rotteck and Carl Theodor Welcker on the , an encyclopedia of political science that advocated constitutional liberalism and which influenced the Vormärz. At the time in Europe, liberal and nationalist ideas were almost inseparably linked, and political liberalism was not yet attached to what was later considered "economic liberalism." Emmanuel Todd considers John Maynard Keynes to be the logical continuation of <mask> as a theorist of "moderate or regulated capitalism". Biography

<mask> was born in Reutlingen, Württemberg.Unwilling to follow the occupation of his father, who was a prosperous tanner, he became an accountant in the public service (a so-called 'Cameralist of the Bureaus'), and by 1816 had risen to the post of ministerial under-secretary. In 1817, he was appointed professor of administration and politics at the University of Tübingen, but the fall of the ministry in 1819 compelled him to resign. As a deputy to the Württemberg chamber, he was active in advocating administrative reforms. He was eventually expelled from the chamber and in April 1822 sentenced to ten months' imprisonment with hard labor in the fortress of Asperg. He escaped to Alsace, and after

masks:
Georg Friedrich List
List
List
List


title: Friedrich List

texts: visiting France and England returned in 1824 to finish his sentence, and was released on undertaking to emigrate to America. Arriving in the United States in 1825, he settled in Pennsylvania, where he became an extensive landholder. He first engaged in farming, but soon switched to  journalism and edited a German paper in Reading.He was active in the establishment of railroads. Some argue (e.g. Chang, 2002) that it was in America that he gathered from a study of Alexander Hamilton's work the inspiration which made him an economist of his pronounced "National System" views which found realization in Henry Clay's American System. Others deny this (Daastøl, 2011), since he argued for a German customs union already in 1819, when he established the first German union for industry and trade. <mask>'s ideas on protectionism predate his American sojourn, and were influenced by liberal protectionists such as Adolphe Thiers. The main theoretical reference approvingly cited by <mask> in his 1827 pamphlet Outlines of American Political Economy, in which he defended the doctrine of pragmatic protection and free trade, was Jean-Antoine Chaptal’s De l’industrie française (1819). The discovery of coal on some land which he had acquired made him financially independent.In 1830, he was appointed United States consul at Hamburg, but on his arrival in Europe he found that the Senate had failed to confirm his appointment. After residing for some time in Paris, he returned to Pennsylvania. He next settled in Leipzig in 1833, where for some time he was U.S. consul. He was a journalist in Paris from 1837 to 1843, where he wrote articles for Thiers's centre-left paper Le Constitutionnel. He wrote several letters

masks: List List


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 for the Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung, which were published in 1841 in a volume under the title of Das nationale System der politischen Oekonomie. In 1843 he established the Zollvereinsblatt in Augsburg, a newspaper in which he advocated the enlargement of the customs union (), and the organization of a national commercial system. He strongly advocated the extension of the railway system in Germany.The development of the Zollverein to where it unified Germany economically was due largely to his enthusiasm and ardour. In 1841, his ill health had led him to decline an offer to edit the Rheinische Zeitung, a new Cologne paper of liberal views, and Karl Marx took the post. He visited Austria and Hungary in 1844. In 1846, he visited England with a view to forming a commercial alliance between that country and Germany, but was unsuccessful. His latter days were darkened by many misfortunes; he lost much of his American property in a financial crisis, ill-health also overtook him, and he killed himself on 30 November 1846. Influences
<mask>'s hostility to free trade was first decisively shaped by the ideas of his friend Adolphe Thiers and other liberal protectionists in France. He was also later influenced by Alexander Hamilton and the American School rooted in Hamilton's economic principles, including Daniel Raymond, but also by the general mode of thinking of America's first Treasury Secretary, and by his strictures on the doctrine of Adam Smith.He opposed the cosmopolitan principle in the contemporary economical system and the absolute doctrine of free trade which was in harmony with that principle, and instead developed the infant industry argument, to which he had been exposed by Hamilton and


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 Raymond. He gave prominence to the national idea and insisted on the special requirements of each nation according to its circumstances and especially to the degree of its development. He famously doubted the sincerity of calls to free trade from developed nations, in particular Britain: Any nation which by means of protective duties and restrictions on navigation has raised her manufacturing power and her navigation to such a degree of development that no other nation can sustain free competition with her, can do nothing wiser than to throw away these ladders of her greatness, to preach to other nations the benefits of free trade, and to declare in penitent tones that she has hitherto wandered in the paths of error, and has now for the first time succeeded in discovering the truth. His idea of productive powers was influenced by the philosophy of productivity of <mask> Joseph Schelling. He was acquainted with Robert Schumann and Heinrich Heine. Economics based on nations

<mask>'s theory of "national economics" differed from the doctrines of "individual economics" and "cosmopolitan economics" by Adam Smith and J.B. Say. <mask> contrasted the economic behaviour of an individual with that of a nation.An individual promotes only his own personal interests but a state fosters the welfare of all its citizens. An individual may prosper from activities which harm the interests of a nation. "Slavery may be a public calamity for a country, nevertheless some people may do very well in carrying on the slave trade and in holding slaves." Likewise, activities beneficial to society may injure the interests of certain individuals. "Canals and railroads may do great good to a nation, but all waggoners

masks:
Friedrich Wilhelm
List
List


title: Friedrich List

texts: will complain of this improvement. Every new invention has some inconvenience for a number of individuals, and is nevertheless a public blessing". <mask> argued that although some government action was essential to stimulate the economy, an overzealous government might do more harm than good."It is bad policy to regulate everything and to promote everything by employing social powers, where things may better regulate themselves and can be better promoted by private exertions; but it is no less bad policy to let those things alone which can only be promoted by interfering social power." Due to the "universal union" that nations have with their populace, <mask> stated that "from this political union originates their commercial union, and it is in consequence of the perpetual peace thus maintained that commercial union has become so beneficial to them. ... The result of a general free trade would not be a universal republic, but, on the contrary, a universal subjection of the less advanced nations to the predominant manufacturing, commercial and naval power, is a conclusion for which the reasons are very strong. ... A universal republic ... , i.e. a union of the nations of the earth whereby they recognise the same conditions of right among themselves and renounce self-redress, can only be realised if a large number of nationalities attain to as nearly the same degree as possible of industry and civilisation, political cultivation and power. Only with the gradual formation of this union can free trade be developed; only as a result of this union can it confer on all nations the same great advantages which are now experienced by those provinces and states which are politically united.The system


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 of protection, inasmuch as it forms the only means of placing those nations which are far behind in civilisation on equal terms with the one predominating nation, appears to be the most efficient means of furthering the final union of nations, and hence also of promoting true freedom of trade." In his seventh letter <mask> repeated his assertion that economists should realise that since the human race is divided into independent states, "a nation would act unwisely to endeavour to promote the welfare of the whole human race at the expense of its particular strength, welfare, and independence. It is a dictate of the law of self-preservation to make its particular advancement in power and strength the first principles of its policy". A country should not count the cost of defending the overseas trade of its merchants. And "the manufacturing and agricultural interest must be promoted and protected even by sacrifices of the majority of the individuals, if it can be proved that the nation would never acquire the necessary perfection ... without such protective measures." <mask> argued that international trade reduced the security of the states who took part in it. Disagreements with Adam Smith's ideas
<mask> argued that statesmen had two responsibilities: "one to contemporary society and one to future generations".Normally, most of leaders' attention is occupied by urgent matters, leaving little time to consider future problems. But when a country had reached a turning point in its development, its leaders were morally obliged to deal with issues that would affect the next generation. "On the threshold of a new phase in the development of their country, statesmen should be prepared to take the

masks: List List List


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 long view, despite the need to deal also with matters of immediate urgency." <mask>'s fundamental doctrine was that a nation's true wealth is the full and many-sided development of its productive power, rather than its current exchange values. For example, its economic education should be more important than immediate production of value, and it might be right that one generation should sacrifice its gain and enjoyment to secure the strength and skill of the future. Under normal conditions, an economically mature nation should also develop agriculture, manufacture and commerce. However, the last two factors were more important since they better influenced the nation's culture and independence and were especially connected to navigation, railways and high technology, and a purely-agricultural state tended to stagnate

However, <mask> claimed that only countries in temperate regions were adapted to grow higher forms of industry.On the other hand, tropical regions had a natural monopoly in the production of certain raw materials. Thus, there were a spontaneous division of labor and a confederation of powers between both groups of countries. <mask> contended that Smith's economic system is not an industrial system but a mercantile system, and he called it "the exchange-value system". Contrary to Smith, he argued that the immediate private interest of individuals would not lead to the highest good of society. The nation stood between the individual and humanity, and was defined by its language, manners, historical development, culture and constitution. The unity must be the first condition of the security, well-being, progress and civilization of the individual. Private economic interests, like


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 private industry. It prevents the ship owner from taking on board slaves on the west coast of Africa, and taking them over to America. It imposes regulations as to the building of steamers and the rules of navigation at sea, in order that passengers and sailors may not be sacrificed to the avarice and caprice of the captains. [...] Everywhere does the State consider it to be its duty to guard the public against danger and loss, as in the sale of the necessaries of life, so also in the sale of medicines, etc. View of Britain and world trade
While <mask> once had urged Germany to join other 'manufacturing nations of the second rank' to check Britain's 'insular supremacy', by 1841 he considered that the United States and Russia would become the most powerful countries—a view also expressed by Alexis de Tocqueville the previous year. <mask> hoped to persuade political leaders in England to co-operate with Germany to ward off this danger.His proposal was perhaps not so far-fetched as might appear at first sight. In 1844, the writer of an article in a leading review had declared that 'in every point of view, whether politically or commercially, we can have no better alliance than that of the German nation, spreading as it does, its 42 millions of souls without interruption over the surface of central Europe'. The practical conclusion which <mask> drew for Germany was that it needed for its economic progress an extended and conveniently bounded territory reaching to the seacoast both on north and south, and a vigorous expansion of manufacture and trade, and that the way to the latter lay through judicious protective legislation with a customs union comprising all German lands, and a German marine


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 with a Navigation Act. The national German spirit, striving after independence and power through union, and the national industry, awaking from its lethargy and eager to recover lost ground, were favorable to the success of <mask>'s book, and it produced a great sensation. He ably represented the tendencies and demands of his time in his own country; his work had the effect of fixing the attention, not merely of the speculative and official classes, but of practical men generally, on questions of political economy; and his ideas were undoubtedly the economic foundation of modern Germany as applied by the practical genius of Bismarck. <mask> considered that Napoleon's 'Continental System', aimed just at damaging Britain during a bitter long-term war, had in fact been quite good for German industry. This was the direct opposite of what was believed by the followers of Adam Smith.As <mask> put it: I perceived that the popular theory took no account of nations, but simply of the entire human race on the one hand, or of the single individual on the other. I saw clearly that free competition between two nations which are highly civilised can only be mutually beneficial in case both of them are in a nearly equal position of industrial development, and that any nation which owing to misfortunes is behind others in industry, commerce, and navigation ... must first of all strengthen her own individual powers, in order to fit herself to enter into free competition with more advanced nations. In a word, I perceived the distinction between cosmopolitical and political economy. <mask>'s argument was that Germany should follow actual English practice rather than the abstractions of Smith's doctrines:

Had

masks: List List List List


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 strengthens the power of the state for police and governmental purposes.<mask> drew up proposals for a national railway network before the first steam locomotive ran between Nuremberg and Fürth. He suggested construction of a railway between Leipzig and Dresden which would soon become Germany's first long distance railway. He is honored for his early promotion of the importance of railways with a bust in Leipzig main station as well as several streets named after him adjacent to railway stations (e.g. Friedrich-List-Platz). When the Swiss-German architect :de:Martin Mächler first proposed what is today Berlin main station in 1917, he suggested the new central interchange station of the German rail network be named in honor of <mask>. Legacy

List's principal work is entitled Das Nationale System der Politischen Ökonomie (1841) and was translated into English as The National System of Political Economy. Before 1914, <mask> and Marx were the two best-known German economists and theorists of development, although Marx, unlike <mask>, devised no policies to promote economic development.This book has been more frequently translated than the works of any other German economist, except Karl Marx. He is credited with influencing Nazism in Germany, and his ideas are credited as forming the basis of the European Economic Community. In Ireland he influenced Arthur Griffith of Sinn Féin and these theories were used by the Fianna Fáil government in the 1930s to instigate protectionism with a view to developing Irish industry. Among others he strongly influenced was Sergei Witte, the Imperial Russian Minister of Finance, 1892–1903. Witte's plan for rapid industrialisation was centred around railroad


title: Friedrich List

texts: construction (the Trans-Siberian railroad for example) and a policy of protectionism. At the time, it was largely considered that Russia was a backward country with an under developed economy. The boom which was seen during the 1890s was largely credited to Witte's policy.Angus Maddison noted that: As Marx was not interested in the survival of the capitalist system, he was not really concerned with economic policy, except in so far as the labour movement was involved. There, his argument was concentrated on measures to limit the length of the working day, and to strengthen trade union bargaining power. His analysis was also largely confined to the situation in the leading capitalist country of his day—the UK—and he did not consider the policy problems of other Western countries in catching up with the lead country (as <mask> did). In so far as Marx was concerned with other countries, it was mainly with poor countries which were victims of Western imperialism in the merchant capitalist era. Heterodox economists, such as Ha-Joon Chang and Erik Reinert, refer to <mask> often explicitly when writing about suitable economic policies for developing countries. <mask>'s influence among developing nations has been considerable. Japan has followed his model.The international economic policy of Meiji Japan was a combination of Hideyoshi's mercantilism and <mask>'s Nationale System der politischen Ökonomie. It has also been argued that Deng Xiaoping's post-Mao policies were inspired by <mask>, as well as recent policies in India. China, under Deng, took on the clear features of a 'developmental dictatorship under single-party auspices.' The PRC would then belong to a class of regimes familiar to the

masks:
Friedrich List
List
List
Friedrich List
List


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 20th century that have their ideological sources in classical Marxism, but better reflect the developmental, nationalist views of <mask>. A 1943 German film The Endless Road portrayed <mask>'s life and achievements. He was played by Eugen Klöpfer. See also

 Abraham Lincoln
 Contributions to liberal theory
 Economic interventionism
 Economic patriotism
 Henry Charles Carey
 Siegfried Moltke, a biographer of <mask>'s

Sources and notes

Further reading
 Fr.<mask>, ein Vorlaufer und ein Opfer für das Vaterland  (Anon., 2 vols., Stuttgart, 1877)
 Bolsinger, Eckard, 'The Foundation of Mercantile Realism: <mask> and International Political Economy' (https://web.archive.org/web/20080626025135/http://www.psa.ac.uk/journals/pdf/5/2004/Bolsinger.pdf)

 Borchardt, Knut and Hans Otto Schötz (eds.). (1991). Wirtschaftspolitik in der Krise. Die (Geheim-)Konferenz der Friedrich List-Gesellschaft im Sept.1931 über Möglichkeiten und Folgen einer Kreditausweitung, Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
 Brügelmann, Hermann. (1956). Politische Ökonomie in kritischen Jahren. Die Friedrich List-Gesellschaft E.V., von 1925-1935., with an introduction by Edgar Salin, Tübingen: Mohr, Gr.-Oktav.XIX, 192 S
 Daastøl, Arno Mong. (2011). <mask>’s Heart, Wit and Will: Mental Capital as the Productive Force of Progress, Doctoral Dissertation (Erfurt, Germany, 2011)
 Henderson, William O. <mask>: Economist and Visionary (Frank Cass, London 1983)
 Ince, Onur Ulas (2016). "<mask> and the Imperial origins of the national economy". New Political Economy. 21 (4): 380–400. M. E. Hirst's Life of Friedrich List London, (1909) contains a bibliography and a reprint of <mask>'s Outlines of American Political Economy (1827) in

masks:
Friedrich List
List
List
List
Friedrich List
Friedrich List
Friedrich List
Friedrich List
List


title: Friedrich List

texts:
 addition to his Philadelphia Speech (1827) (to the Harrisburg Convention), Petition on Behalf of the Handelsverein to the Federal Assembly (1819) (in Germany), and the Introduction to The National System of Political Economy (1841) (which is not included in the English translation of The National System ..)

 Levi-Faur, David.Economic Nationalism: From <mask> to Robert Reich. Review of International Studies, 23, 1997, pp. 359–370. Levi-Faur, David. <mask> and the Political Economy of the Nation-State. Review of International Political Economy, 4, 1997, pp. 154–78.The National System of Political Economy — a free download of his main work, in English translation
 Paperback Edition of 2005, from Amazon Books

 Selwyn, B. (2009) An Historical Materialist Appraisal of <mask> and his Modern Day Followers', New Political Economy 14 (2), 157–180. Szporluk, Roman. Communism and Nationalism: Karl Marx versus <mask>. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Thum, Gregor. "Seapower and Frontier Settlement: <mask>’s American Vision for Germany."In German and United States Colonialism in a Connected World: Entangled Empires, edited by Janne Lahti, 17-39. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2021. External links
 A Comparison Of List, Marx and Adam Smith
 Quotations From List
 Wikiquote - Quotations From List
 Union Europe — List's vision of a peaceful union
 An unfinished review of The National System of Political Economy written by Karl Marx in 1845

1789 births
1846 deaths
People from Reutlingen
People from the Duchy of Württemberg
Members of the Württembergian Chamber of Deputies
German economists
Historical school economists
19th-century economists
Development economists
German emigrants to the United

masks:
Friedrich List
Friedrich List
Friedrich List
Friedrich List
Friedrich List


title: Stu Grayson

texts:
Marc Dionne (born January 25, 1989), better known by the ring name <mask>, is a Canadian professional wrestler. He is currently signed to All Elite Wrestling (AEW), where he is a member of The Dark Order. Formerly known as Stupefied or Player Dos, he regularly teamed with Evil Uno as the Super Smash Brothers for various independent promotions across North America, including Alpha-1 Wrestling, Capital City Championship Combat (C*4), and California-based Pro Wrestling Guerrilla (PWG). Together, they are former one-time Chikara Campeones de Parejas, one-time PWG World Tag Team Champions and winners of PWG's 2012 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament. Professional wrestling career

International Wrestling Syndicate
Stupefied made his debut in the Canadian wrestling promotion International Wrestling Syndicate (IWS). He quickly found a tag team partner in Player Uno as the Super Smash Brothers. The team found success as they soon won the IWS Tag Team Championship.He remained with the promotion until it folded on October 9, 2010. Chikara (2007-2010)

Stupefied debuted in Chikara in 2007 as one half of the Super Smash Bros., for the November triple-shot weekend. Stupefied was brought back for King of Trios, and became a regular wrestler at the fed. The tag team became a fan favorite, however, they had trouble picking up wins. In August 2008 after Stupefied had repackaged himself as Player Dos, the Super Smash Bros. began a winning streak which would peak on September 21, 2008, during Chikara's debut in the Midwest, when the Super Smash Bros. ended the record-breaking reign of Incoherence (Delirious and Hallowicked), becoming the 4th


title: Stu Grayson

texts:
 PWG's nine-year anniversary event, where they defeated Future Shock and The Young Bucks in a three-way ladder match. On December 1 at Mystery Vortex, the Super Smash Bros. made their second successful World Tag Team Championship defense against the RockNES Monsters.Later that same event, they were defeated by the Dojo Bros (Eddie Edwards and Roderick Strong) in a non-title match. On January 12, 2013, the Super Smash Bros. lost the World Tag Team Championship to the Unbreakable F'n Machines (Brian Cage and Michael Elgin) in the opening round of the 2013 Dynamite Duumvirate Tag Team Title Tournament. All Elite Wrestling (2019–present)
<mask> <mask> and Evil Uno made their surprise debut as The Dark Order at AEW Double or Nothing on May 25, 2019, appearing at the conclusion of the match between Best Friends and Angélico and Jack Evans. After the match was over, the lights went out and when they came back on, <mask> and Uno were in the ring. The lights went out a second time and when they came back on, masked henchmen surrounded the ring. The Order then attacked all four men. After the attack, the lights went out again and they disappeared.Professional wrestling style and persona
In Chikara, Stupefied based his gimmick, moveset, and attire around video games, more specifically games for the NES and SNES consoles. One of his trademarks was his tights, which had a pocket fashioned around an NES console on one side; for instance, if the Karate Kid game cartridge was inserted into the slot, he would start doing game-related mannerisms. In recent years, he has switched to regular tights. Personal life
Dionne owns a small flooring company.

masks: Stu Grayson Grayson


title: Suzanne Lenglen

texts: <mask> (; 24 May 18994 July 1938) was a French tennis player. She was ranked as the inaugural world No. 1 from 1921 to 1926, winning 8 Grand Slam titles in singles and 21 in total. She also was a four-time World Hard Court Champion in singles, and ten times in total. Lenglen won six Wimbledon singles titles, including five in a row from 1919 to 1923, and was the champion in singles, doubles, and mixed doubles at the first two open French Championships in 1925 and 1926. In doubles, she was undefeated with her usual partner Elizabeth Ryan, highlighted by another six titles at Wimbledon. Lenglen was the first leading amateur to turn professional, and was ranked as the greatest women's tennis player from the amateur era in the 100 Greatest of All Time series.Coached by her father Charles throughout her career, Lenglen began playing tennis at age 11, becoming the youngest major champion in history with her 1914 World Hard Court Championship title at age 15. This success along with her balletic playing style and brash personality helped make Lenglen a national heroine in a country coping with the aftermath of World War I. After the war delayed her career four years, Lenglen was largely unchallenged. She won her Wimbledon debut in 1919 in the second-longest final in history, the only one of her major singles finals she did not win by a lopsided scoreline. Her only post-war loss came in a retirement against Molla Mallory, her only amateur match in the United States. Afterwards, she began a 179-match win streak, during which she defeated Helen Wills in the high-profile Match of the Century in 1926. Following a misunderstanding at Wimbledon later that year, Lenglen abruptly retired from amateur tennis, signing to


title: Suzanne Lenglen

texts:
 headline a professional tour in the United States beginning that same year.Referred to by the French press as La Divine (The Goddess), Lenglen revolutionised the sport by integrating the aggressive style of men's tennis into the women's game and breaking the convention of women competing in clothing unsuitable for tennis. She incorporated fashion into her matches, highlighted by her signature bandeau headwear. Lenglen is recognised as the first female athlete to become a global sport celebrity and her popularity led Wimbledon to move to its larger modern-day venue. Her professional tours laid the foundation for the series of men's professional tours that continued until the Open Era, and led to the first major men's professional tournament the following year. Lenglen was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1978, and the second show court at the site of the French Open is named in her honour. Early life and background
<mask> Flore Lenglen was born in Paris on 24 May 1899 to Charles and Anaïs Lenglen. She had a younger brother who did not live past the age of three.Lenglen's father was a pharmacist who became wealthy by inheriting a horse-drawn omnibus company from his father. Several years after <mask> was born, her father sold the omnibus business, after which he relocated the family to Marest-sur-Matz near Compiègne in northern France in 1904. They spent their winters in Nice on the French Riviera in a villa across the street from the Nice Lawn Tennis Club. By the time Lenglen was eight, she excelled at a variety of sports including swimming and cycling. In particular, she enjoyed diabolo, a game involving balancing a spinning top on a string with two attached sticks. During the

masks:
Suzanne Rachel
Suzanne