title: Viktorija Golubic

texts:
<mask> (; ; born 16 October 1992) is a Swiss professional tennis player. Golubic has won one singles title on the WTA Tour, two singles WTA Challenger titles, as well as ten singles and 15 doubles titles on the ITF Circuit so far. On 8 November 2021, she reached her career-high singles ranking of 43. On 15 January 2018, she peaked at No. 63 in the doubles rankings. Professional career

2008–15: ITF Circuit
Golubic started playing on the ITF Women's Circuit at the $10K event in Budapest in June 2008. She played her first two WTA qualifying tournaments at the Hungarian Open and Gastein Ladies in 2010.She made her WTA Tour main-draw debut at the Gastein Ladies in 2013, where she recorded her first WTA win and reached second round. However, all of her attempts to qualify for a Grand Slam failed. 2016: Breakthrough, WTA title, top 100

After winning her eighth ITF title at the $25K event in Hong Kong, <mask> reached her first Grand Slam main draw at the Australian Open through qualifying and lost to Carla Suárez Navarro in the first round of the tournament. She then reached the quarterfinals of another ITF event before failing to reach the main draw of her next three tournaments. At the Katowice Open, <mask> entered the main draw as a qualifier and beat Paula Kania in the first round before losing to Tímea Babos. Prior to the French Open, <mask> played in the qualifying of the WTA Prague Open, where she lost to Viktória Kužmová in the first round. After a quarterfinal appearance at the $50K Open Saint-Gaudens, she entered French Open through qualifying and earned her first Grand Slam main-draw win with a three-set victory over Alison Riske.She lost to Lucie Šafářová in round two. <mask> started her grass-court season at the

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title: Viktorija Golubic

type: original

texts:
 Rosmalen Championships, entering the main draw as a qualifier and defeating Anna-Lena Friedsam and Risa Ozaki en route to her first WTA quarterfinal, losing to Belinda Bencic. Her next two tournaments (the Mallorca Open and Wimbledon) ended in qualifying. She also lost in the first round of her next ITF tournament in Budapest. At the inaugural Ladies Championship Gstaad, <mask> beat No. 7 seed Mona Barthel, Evgeniya Rodina, Carina Witthöft and Rebeka Masarova en route to her first WTA final. She then defeated third seed Kiki Bertens to lift her first WTA trophy.With the title, <mask> entered the top 100 for the first time. <mask> reached another final at the Linz Open, in which she was defeated by Dominika Cibulková. On her way to the final, she made her first top-10 win, defeating world No. 6, Garbiñe Muguruza, in the quarterfinal. She ended the season as No. 57 in the WTA rankings. 2017–20: Struggle with form, ups and downs, WTA 125 title

In 2017, <mask> could not emulate her results of the previous year.Despite winning only four matches in the first half of the season, she reached her career-high singles ranking of 51 in April 2017. After that, she started to fall on the ranking and dropped out of the top 100 again. However, she started to produced good results again in the late season. In October, she reached semifinals of the Linz Open, but then lost to Magdaléna Rybáriková. It was her first WTA singles semifinal since October 2016. She then came at the WTA Challenger Tour, where she reached two semifinals, at the Hua Hin Championships and Taipei Challenger. <mask>'s most significant results during season of 2018 came at the ITF Circuit and WTA Challenger Tour.In the early season, she reached final of the $60K Burnie

masks: Golubic Golubic Golubic Golubic Golubic


title: Viktorija Golubic

texts:
 International, losing there to Marta Kostyuk. Later, she reached quarterfinals of the Indian Wells Challenger, $100K Open de Cagnes-sur-Mer, Bol Open and Manchester Trophy. In October, she won the $80K Poitiers event, defeating Natalia Vikhlyantseva in the final. In June 2018, Golubic after almost one year reentered the top 100. She finished the year as world No. 92. In the early season, Golubic reached quarterfinal of the Thailand Open, where she lost to Tamara Zidanšek.She then won her biggest title since 2016 at the Indian Wells Challenger, saving a championship point against Jennifer Brady in the finals. On her way to the title, she knocked out top seed Wang Qiang to mark her first top-20 win since October 2016. At Wimbledon, she reached her first Grand Slam third round, after defeating Iga Świątek and Yulia Putintseva, but then lost to Dayana Yastremska. In September, she reached quarterfinal of the Jiangxi International Open, losing there to Elena Rybakina. She followed this with semifinal at the Guangzhou International Open, where she lost to Samantha Stosur. Golubic struggled with form during season of 2020. Her most significant result came at the $80K Open de Cagnes-sur-Mer in September, when she reached quarterfinals, but then lost to Sara Sorribes Tormo.She suffered first-round losses at the Australian Open and US Open, while she failed in the qualifying of the French Open. <mask> fell out the top 100 in late February and finished the year as world No. 137. 2021: First Grand Slam quarterfinal, top 50 debut
Ranked world No. 66 at Wimbledon, <mask> reached a Grand Slam quarterfinal for the first time defeating en-route two seeded players, 23rd seed American Madison Keys in the fourth round and 29th seed Veronika

masks: Golubic Golubic


title: Viktorija Golubic

texts:
 Kudermetova, plus two more Americans, Danielle Collins and Madison Brengle, respectively. Having won 43 matches already in 2021, <mask> guaranteed herself a top 50 debut with this breakthrough run, moving 18 places to world No. 48 on 12 July 2021, having never passed the third round of this major before.National representation

Fed Cup
Playing for Switzerland at the Fed Cup, <mask> has a win/loss record of 6–6. At the 2016 Fed Cup semifinals, <mask> earned surprising wins over Karolína Plíšková and Barbora Strýcová, defeating both in three sets. Although it was not enough for Switzerland to beat the Czech Republic, <mask> was praised for her performance. Olympics
In her first Olympics participation at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics, <mask> advanced to the doubles final with Belinda Bencic by defeating Brazilian pair Laura Pigossi and Luisa Stefani. Performance timelines

Only main-draw results in WTA Tour, Grand Slam tournaments, Fed Cup/Billie Jean King Cup and Olympic Games are included in win/loss records. Singles
Current after the 2022 Australian Open. Doubles

Significant finals

Olympic Games

Doubles: 1 (silver medal)

WTA career finals

Singles: 4 (1 title, 3 runner–ups)

Doubles: 1 (runner–up)

WTA Challenger finals

Singles: 2 (2 titles)

ITF Circuit finals

Singles: 20 (10 titles, 10 runner–ups)

Doubles: 32 (15 titles, 17 runner–ups)

Top 10 wins

Notes

References

External links
 Official website

1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Zürich
Swiss female tennis players
Swiss people of Serbian descent
Swiss people of Croatian descent
Olympic tennis players of Switzerland
Tennis players at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Switzerland
Olympic medalists in tennis
Medalists at the 2020


title: Peter of Krutitsy

texts:
<mask>y (Священному́ченик Пётр Крути́цкий, born Pyotr Fyodorovich Polyansky, Пётр Фёдорович Поля́нский; June 28, 1862 – September 27 O. S./October 10, 1937), was a Russian Orthodox bishop and martyr. From April 12 till December 9, 1925 he was the head of the Russian Orthodox Church, serving as the patriarchal locum tenens. Despite his imprisonment, he remained technically locum tenens until his death in 1937. He is considered as a saint hieromartyr by the Russian Orthodox Church. Early life
<mask> was born in the village of Storozhevoye of the Korotoyaksky Uyezd of the Voronezh Governorate of the Russian Empire to the family of a parish priest. In 1885 he completed the course of the Voronezh Theological Seminary and in 1892 graduated from the Moscow Theological Academy. He remained in the academy in the position of Assistant Dean of Students ("Inspector") and in 1897 he defended his Master's thesis.Upon graduation, Polyansky did not seek an ordained ministry, but rather for the most of his life, he served as a layman in various official ecclesiastical establishments. From 1906 to 1918, Polyansky worked at the Education Committee of the Most Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church, by 1915 becoming Secretary, with the rank of "Actual Civil Counsellor" (), Class IV on the Russian Table of Ranks, equivalent to a Major General in the Russian Imperial Army), serving as Inspector of all theological schools of  the Russian Orthodox Church. His duties required him to travel extensively, and during this time, he developed a close acquaintance with the future Patriarchs Tikhon (Bellavin) and Sergius (Stragorodsky). After the Bolshevik Revolution
When the Education Committee was closed down in 1918, in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Russian Revolution, Polyansky worked in the apparatus of the All-Russian Council of 1917-1918 in

masks: Peterts Peter


title: Peter of Krutitsy

texts:
 Moscow. In 1920, when the tide of anti-religious policies of Soviet government was rising rapidly, he was asked by Patriarch Tikhon to do another important service to the Church – to accept monastic tonsure and the episcopacy, in order to assist Tikhon in the administration of the Church. After the request was made, he was reported as saying: "If I refuse, I will be a traitor of the Church; but I am aware that by accepting this offer, I am signing my own death sentence." <mask> was tonsured a monk by Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) and quickly advanced through the clerical ranks to be consecrated as Bishop of Podolsk by Patriarch Tikhon on October 8, 1920.Almost immediately, he was arrested and spent 1920–1923 in exile in Veliky Ustiug. Upon his return from exile in 1923, Bishop <mask> became one of the prominent members of church government and a close ally of Patriarch Tikhon. In 1923 he was elevated to the rank of archbishop and in 1924 became a Metropolitan of Krutitsy – a titular see in the vicinity of Moscow. On December 25, 1924, Patriarch Tikhon made a "will" where he designated three possible successors to the Patriarchal Throne upon his death. This step was clearly unforeseen either by the church canons or the Statutes of the Russian Church, but was dictated by the circumstances under which a proper Patriarchal election by an independent church council was impossible. In his will, Tikhon named three candidates: Metropolitan Kirill (Smirnov) of Kazan, Metropolitan Agathangel (Preobrazhensky) of Yaroslavl and Metropolitan <mask>sky) of Krutitsy. Since <mask> was the only candidate who was not in prison or exile at the time, on April 12, 1925 (the day of Tikhon's funeral), he was confirmed as the Patriarchal locum tenens.Locum tenens
Upon assuming the duties of locum tenens, Metropolitan <mask> came under

masks: Peter Peter Peteryan Peter Peter


title: Peter of Krutitsy

texts:
 intense pressure from the Soviet government and secret services, trying to persuade him to reconcile with the pro-Soviet Renovationist schism calling itself the "Living Church" and to express unconditional loyalty to the Soviet state. While <mask> agreed with the need for Orthodox Soviet citizens to be politically loyal, he regarded any reconciliation with the Living Church to be possible only on the condition of the schismatics' repentance. On July 28, 1925, <mask> issued a "Letter" to his flock where he confirmed the Church's position with respect to Renovationists. In response, Renovationists accused <mask> of conspiring with the Russian emigres in the West and thus contributed to <mask>'s arrest. Foreseeing his imminent imprisonment, <mask> followed Tikhon's example in selecting three candidates, one of whom would assume the responsibilities of Patriarchal locum tenens in the event of <mask>'s arrest. The latter followed on December 10, 1925, and his duties passed onto Metropolitan Sergius (Stragorodsky) who became Deputy locum tenens, with <mask> as a nominal head of the Church. <mask> would spend the rest of his life in exile and prisons, weakened by the harsh conditions and harassed by Soviet authorities.Imprisonment and death
In November 1926, <mask> was sentenced to three-year exile to the Ural region, which in May 1928 was extended to two more years. His exile by no means implied his lack of involvement in the church affairs – thus, in December 1929, he sent a letter to Metropolitan Sergius, reprimanding him for exceeding his powers as a "deputy", and reminding him that he, <mask>, is still technically the head of the Church. In 1930, <mask> was arrested again. After rejecting the offers to resign his position and to become a GPU agent, he was sentenced to five years of hard labor. Some time before the

masks: Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter


title: Peter of Krutitsy

texts:
 sentencing, <mask> suffered a partial paralysis caused by the harsh prison conditions. He spent the years 1931 to 1937 in solitary confinement in the Verkhneuralsk prison. In July 1936, his confinement was extended to three more years, while Metropolitan Sergius was given a false report of <mask>'s death and therefore assumed the full leadership of the Russian Orthodox Church.On October 2, 1937, the NKVD troika for Chelyabinsk Oblast sentenced Metropolitan <mask> to death. He was executed by shooting at 4 p.m. on October 10, 1937, and buried in the city of Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region. Metropolitan <mask> of Krutitsy was canonized as Hieromartyr by the decision of Hierarchical Council of the Russian Orthodox Church on February 23, 1997. His feast day is celebrated on the anniversary of his death, October 10 (N.S.). References

Sources
Vladislav Tsypin. History of the Russian Orthodox Church 1917-1997 (in Russian))

External links
Hieromartyr and Metropolitan of Moscow and Krutitsy, <mask> (Polyansky) Icon and Synaxarion (in English)
Hieromartyr <mask>, Metropolitan of Krutitsa (in English)
Mancuso, T. Anne. The Sleepy Bear and the Golden Whispers: A Story from the Life of the New Martyr <mask> of Krutitsy/ illustrated by T. Anne Mancuso.Milford, OH: St. Innocent Press, 2019. A full-color, illustrated children's book about an event in the life of Metropolitan <mask> of Krutitsy, in which he was thrown from a moving train and kept alive through the miraculous behavior of a gentle bear. 1862 births
1937 deaths
People from Ostrogozhsky District
People from Korotoyaksky Uyezd
Bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church
Russian saints
Great Purge victims from Russia
Eastern Orthodox people executed by the Soviet Union
Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians
Soviet rehabilitations
20th-century Christian saints
20th-century

masks: Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter


title: Jerry Kaplan

texts:
Samuel Jerrold "<mask>" <mask> (born March 25, 1952) is an American computer scientist, author, futurist, and serial entrepreneur. He is best known as a pioneer in the field of pen computing and tablet computers. He is the founder of numerous companies, including GO Corporation, whose technology was used to develop the first smartphone and tablet PC. <mask> is the co-founder of OnSale, the first B2C online auction site launched in 1994, five months prior to eBay. He is a recipient of the 1998 Ernst & Young Emerging Entrepreneur of the Year Award and author of the best-selling book Startup: A Silicon Valley Adventure. He has been featured in major news publications, including The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Red Herring, and Bloomberg Businessweek. <mask> is also the author of the 2015 book Humans Need Not Apply: A Guide to Wealth and Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.Additional companies he has co-founded include artificial intelligence company Teknowledge, Inc. and social game website Winster.com. <mask> was briefly a Fellow at the Stanford Center for Legal Informatics. Early life and education
<mask> who is Jewish  attended the University of Chicago where he received a Bachelor's Degree in history and philosophy of science in 1972. He then studied computer science at the University of Pennsylvania where he graduated in 1979 with a Doctorate in computer and information science. Best Selling Author
<mask> is the author of three books, including the best-selling classic “Startup: A Silicon Valley Adventure” (Houghton-Mifflin). Selected by Business Week as one of the top ten business books of 1995, Startup was optioned to Sony Pictures, and is available in Japanese, Chinese, and Portuguese. Based on his Stanford course, “Humans Need Not Apply: A Guide to Wealth and Work in the Age of Artificial Intelligence”, was published in 2015 by Yale University Press.His latest book, “Artificial Intelligence: What Everyone Needs to Know” (Oxford University Press) was released in 2016. He is presently at work on a history of the Silicon Valley. Teaching and Research
<mask> is a Lecturer and Research Affiliate at Stanford University’s Center on

masks:
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Kaplan
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Jerry Kaplan


title: Jerry Kaplan

texts:
 Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies. He is also a Fellow at the Center for Legal Informatics at Stanford University Law School. He teaches Social and Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence as a Visiting Lecturer in Stanford’s top-ranked Computer Science Department. Inventor on more than a dozen patents, he has published over 20 referred papers in academic journals and conference proceedings including the Communications of the ACM, IEEE Computer Society, Association of Computational Linguistics, and Computer Music Journal. <mask> holds an MSE (1975) and PhD (1979) in Computer and Information Science, specializing in Artificial Intelligence from the University of Pennsylvania, and a BA (1972) in History and Philosophy of Science from the University of Chicago.Innovative Products and Technologies
As a noted inventor, <mask> created or made substantial contributions to a number of products and technologies in wide use today. In 1981, working with a team from SRI International, <mask> developed the database backend for a natural language query system that became Symantec Inc.’s first product. <mask> then wrote the software for the first all-digital keyboard synthesizer (the Synergy), used by Wendy Carlos for the soundtrack of the 1982 movie Tron. In 1987, <mask> co-developed Lotus Agenda, the first Personal Information Manager, a precursor to programs like Microsoft Outlook. <mask> is widely credited with the invention of the tablet computer, heading the team that developed the acclaimed operating system PenPoint, from GO Corporation. He went on to create the online auction, launching Onsale.com in 1994. More recently, he originated the concept of a “cooperative social game”, starting the popular game site Winster.com.Serial Entrepreneur
A renowned Silicon Valley veteran, <mask> founded several storied technology companies over his 35-year career, two of which became public companies. <mask> may be best known for his key role in defining the tablet computer industry as the founding CEO of GO Corporation in 1987. Two decades before the iPad, <mask> envisioned a new kind of computer that would be used

masks:
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title: Jerry Kaplan

texts:
 like a ‘tablet of paper’, with a touch-sensitive screen. Many of GO’s concepts were ultimately incorporated into other early portable computers such as the Palm Pilot, the Apple Newton, and most recently, Apple’s IOS products. Prior to GO, <mask> co-founded Teknowledge, Inc., one of the first Artificial Intelligence companies to commercialize Expert Systems, which went public in 1986. In 1994, <mask> co-founded Onsale, Inc., the world’s first Internet auction website. Onsale went public in 1997, and with annual sales approaching half a billion dollars, the company reached a market value of over $2 billion (Onsale was ultimately acquired by Egghead Software, and <mask>’s online auction patents were later purchased by eBay and Amazon.)In 2004, he pioneered the emerging market for social games by starting Winster.com, where he served as CEO for eight years. Honors and Philanthropy
<mask> received the 1998 Ernst & Young Emerging Entrepreneur of the Year Award, Northern California; served on the Governor’s Electronic Commerce Advisory Council Member under Pete Wilson, Governor of California (1999); and received an Honorary Doctorate of Business Administration from California International Business University, San Diego, California (2004). He endowed the Aravind K. Joshi Term Assistant Professorship in Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania, and the Muriel S. Kaplan Sculpture Building at the Armory Art Center, West Palm Beach, Florida. He has been profiled in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, Business Week, Red Herring, and Upside. Career
While at the University of Pennsylvania, <mask> wrote the software for the first all-digital keyboard instrument, the Synergy, sold by Digital Keyboards, Inc. In 1980. The Synergy was used by Wendy Carlos to compose Digital Moonscapes.After graduating from the University of Pennsylvania, <mask> joined the computer science department at Stanford University. He was a research associate with Stanford between 1979 and 1981. While at Stanford he wrote the database backend for the first personal computer natural language query system that became the first product of Symantec, called Q&A. In

masks:
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title: Jerry Kaplan

texts: 1981 he co-founded the company Teknowledge, Inc., a publicly traded artificial intelligence company. <mask> was hired by Lotus Development Corporation to develop and design software based on Al techniques, working as the company's principal technologist. While at Lotus he developed Lotus Agenda, an early DOS-based personal information manager along with Ed Belove and Mitchell Kapor. He got the idea for another venture while riding in a plane with Kapor and discussing computer technology and the need for a notebook type computer.This idea led to the founding of GO Corporation. <mask> co-founded GO Corporation in 1987. He believed the next generation of computers would be hand-held digital notepads which people would use a pen to write on the screen instead of typing. The company focused on developing a new type of operating system for tablet computers with touch sensitive screens. The flagship product of GO Corporation, which survived the company by many years, was PenPoint, winner of Byte Magazine's Byte Award for best operating system 1992. Go Corporation was famous for pioneering pen computer technology as well as being one of the most well-funded start-up companies during the late 1980s. The technology developed by the company was a precursor to early portable computers including the Palm Pilot and the Apple Newton, and most recently in iOS products such as Apple's iPad.AT&T Corporation became a major investor in the company, using GO's technology to develop the EO Personal Communicator, the world's first smart phone. GO Corporation was later sold to AT&T Corporation. <mask> later authored Startup: A Silicon Valley Adventure, a book about the history of the company in which he details his experience with company investors as well as pitching the idea to Microsoft and Apple who began to develop their own tablets as opposed to investing in GO. The book was selected as one of the Top Ten Business Books of the Year by Businessweek and was translated into Chinese, Japanese and Portuguese. <mask> is also the co-founder of OnSale, an online auction website that he co-founded in 1994 and launched in 1995, five months prior to eBay. The site was one of the busiest in

masks: Kaplan Kaplan Kaplan Kaplan


title: Jerry Kaplan

texts:
 the mid 1990s with approximately 2 million hits per day. OnSale auctioned items primarily in the computer sector, namely products from manufacturers that included AT&T, Apple, Packard-Bell, Sony, Compaq, and Dell.In 1996, <mask> announced that he would be taking the company public. The company expanded its offerings to include sporting goods, jewelry, clothing, artwork, electronics and specialty foods. The company was later purchased by Egghead Software in 1999 for $400 million. <mask>'s original patents for OnSale were later acquired by eBay and Amazon.com. In 2004, <mask> launched a new venture called Winster, Inc., a social gaming website with multi-player casual games. Players on the site are encouraged to work with other players to win as opposed to competing against each other, creating a social community leading to friendship amongst players. It received its first funding from U.S. Venture Partners in 2007 and received a total of $5 million in funding as of 2011.<mask> is still involved with Stanford University, the school where he began his career. He is a Fellow at The Stanford Center for Legal Informatics and teaches History and Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence in the Computer Science Department. <mask> is interviewed in the 2018 documentary on artificial intelligence Do You Trust This Computer? Personal life
<mask> and his sister <mask> Eckman are the subject of a 1964 oil-on-canvas painting by Wayne Thiebaud. The painting is titled Amy and Jerrold, Children of the Sixties and was commissioned by their mother Muriel <mask>. He is also involved in philanthropy and in 1998 donated $250,000 to The Robert and Mary Montgomery Armory Art Center in West Palm Beach, Florida in honor of his mother Muriel <mask>, a former sculpture instructor at the Center. <mask> made a $500,000 gift to the University of Pennsylvania School of Engineering and Applied Science in 2001, to endow a chair in honor of faculty member Aravind K. Joshi.He is married to <mask> and has four daughters. References

Living people
University of Pennsylvania alumni
University of Chicago alumni
American computer scientists
People from White Plains, New York
1952 births
Scientists from New

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title: Gina Gogean

texts:
<mask> (born 9 September 1977) is a retired artistic gymnast from Romania who competed internationally in the late 1980s and throughout the 1990s. During her career she won an impressive number of 30 medals at Olympic Games, world championships or continental championships. Her best events were the floor exercise (three-time world champion), the vault (two-time world champion) and the balance beam (1997 world champion). She was also an excellent all around gymnast winning several medals on this event, the European title in 1994, a silver Olympic medal (1996) and a silver medal at the 1993 World Championships. She helped the Romanian team win three consecutive world titles (1994, 1995 and 1997) and two Olympic team medals, a silver and a bronze (1992 and 1996). <mask> was inducted into the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame in 2013. Criticized for her lack of artistry and expression, Gogean nonetheless had nearly unmatched consistency, longevity and efficiency that made her a backbone of the Romanian team in the 1990s.Early life and career
Her passport listed her birth year as 1977. However, in 2002 the Romanian newspaper ProSport obtained hospital records indicating that she had actually been born in 1978. <mask> and her mother have denied this, and her official birth year is still listed as 1977 or "unknown" in many sources. Gogean initially trained at CSS Focşani, near her home village, under the tutelage of Sergiu and Tatiana Popa. She made her international debut at the Japan Junior International meet in 1989, where she placed fourth in the all-around and took the gold medal on floor exercise. Senior career
By 1990, <mask> was representing Romania at major meets such as the Goodwill Games. She began to make a name for herself at the 1992 European Championships where she won the floor

masks:
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title: Gina Gogean

texts: exercise gold, and finished second all-around and vault.Crowds and analysts were impressed with the young athlete's exceptional difficulty. She was equally impressive at 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain. The youngest member of the experienced Romanian team, <mask> put up some of the highest scores for her team throughout the compulsories and optionals. She won a team silver, finished 6th in the all-around, and was 5th on vault. Though her teammate and close friend Lavinia Miloşovici was one of the stars of the Olympics, <mask> nonetheless had established herself as a gymnast to watch for in the future. In a sport where athletes are constantly fighting the battle of time as well as their maturing bodies, <mask> continued to be one of the top gymnasts in the world each year after the Olympics. She was criticized for her lack of artistry in her gymnastics (particularly her post-1992 routines), and her stoic demeanor.Nevertheless, each year her gymnastics continually showed improvement from the year prior and her results reflected that. She finished a close second in the all-around behind rival Shannon Miller at the 1993 World Championships, losing by only 0.007. She also took the silver on floor exercise and bronze on beam. Though she did not medal in the all-around the following year (finishing 4th), she became the World Champion on vault - her first Worlds gold medal. She also won a bronze on floor. She also became the European All-Around champion that year, and played a critical role in helping the Romanian team win the 1994 Team World Championship—the country's first since 1987. <mask> suffered a fall in the qualifying rounds of this competition while attempting a back handspring-layout-back handspring combination on beam.Her foot slipped off the side and the back of her head slammed

masks: Gina Gina Gina Gina


title: Gina Gogean

texts: into the beam before she crashed to the floor. Miraculously, she suffered no injury, and only took an extra moment to collect herself before jumping back up on the beam. Though <mask> struggled in major all-around competition through 1995 and 1996, her gymnastics continued to improve and she won more individual event World titles. At the 1995 World Championships, she helped the Romanians win their second team title, and went on to win the bronze on vault and the gold on floor. She added two more golds to her haul at the 1996 World Championships on vault and floor. At the European Championships a few weeks later, she won the team gold as well as silver on vault and beam. She was unable to defend the all around title after suffering a fall on uneven bars in the team final.Going into the 1996 Summer Olympics, the Romanians were the favorites to win team gold. However, the Romanian team had several injuries, was under manned during the team portion and had a very lackluster performance in both compulsories and optionals. The end result was a disappointing third. <mask>, however, had a strong performance during the all-around and won the silver medal behind Lilia Podkopayeva of Ukraine. She also won two more bronze medals on the vault and beam. Her performances in the 1996 Olympics were particularly impressive, as <mask> underwent an emergency appendectomy only 5 weeks before the competition. By a bizarre and miraculous stroke of luck, she had been traveling on a train to Bucharest at the time, which was the only city where hospitals could perform the kind of non-invasive surgery that <mask> needed to return to training quickly.Traditional surgery would have involved at least a six-week wait to resume light training; she would have missed the Olympics. <mask> continued to compete after the retirement

masks: Gina Gina Gina Gina Gogean


title: Gina Gogean

texts:
 of Lavinia Miloşovici. She admitted in an ABC interview during the 1997 World Championships in Lausanne, Switzerland that the new Code of Points made gymnastics too difficult for her, and that she intended to retire after the competition was over; yet she led the Romanians to their third straight world team title. <mask> herself finished just off the podium in fourth. She rebounded by winning the world title on beam and her third straight title on floor. While she never won an Olympic gold, she finished her career with an impressive thirty Olympic, World and European medals, fourteen of them gold. Retirement
<mask> retired after the 1998 World Cup, where she medalled in her all three events.After completing her studies she coached in Romania and later in Scotland, and also worked as a television commentator. Since 2001 she is a regular gymnastics judge. On 1 July 2006, she married Cristian Gorza, a former classmate of hers, in a ceremony in Deva, Romania. Her former coaches, Octavian Belu and Mariana Bitang, served as the godparents. Teammates Andreea Răducan and Maria Olaru were among the guests. See also
 List of Olympic female gymnasts for Romania
 List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists
 List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships

References

External links

 <mask> at Gymn-Forum.net

1978 births
Living people
Romanian female artistic gymnasts
People from Vrancea County
Olympic gymnasts of Romania
Olympic silver medalists for Romania
Olympic bronze medalists for Romania
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Gymnasts at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Gymnasts at the 1996 Summer Olympics
World champion gymnasts
Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
European champions in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Competitors at the 1990

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Gina Gogean


title: Rudolf Stammler

texts:
<mask> (19 February 1856 – 25 April 1938) was an influential German philosopher of law. He distinguished the purely formal concept of law from the ideal, the realization of justice. He felt that rather than simply reacting and adjusting the law to economic pressures, the law should be deliberately steered towards the current ideal. Life
<mask> was born in Alsfeld, Hesse on 19 February 1856. His family on his father's side had been lawyers for three generations. He studied law at Leipzig and Giessen. His doctoral thesis won a prize, and in 1876 he gained the degree of Doctor of Law.He gained practical experience in various courts in the Land of Hesse, the last being that of Leipzig in 1880. <mask> then entered academia, and taught at the universities of Marburg (1882–82), Giessen (1884–85), Halle (1885–1916) and Berlin (1916–23). He succeeded Josef Kohler at Berlin. In the later part of the 19th century the state was guiding Germany through rapid industrialization, which was creating new social problems. Chancellor Otto von Bismarck had obtained legislation under which the state gave a degree of unemployment insurance and old age support, but other laws also needed change. The first draft of the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (German Civil Code) was published in 1887, and would lead to enactment of a revised code in 1900. In 1888 <mask> gave his support to the draft code, rejecting the fatalist views of nationalists such as Otto von Gierke who thought a people's law must unfold naturally.He also opposed the view of Ferdinand Lassalle and the socialists that economic forces determine the law. <mask> became a leading thinker in European jurisprudence, along with Gustav Radbruch (1878–1949) and Hans Kelsen (1881–1973), all of whom were greatly influenced by neo-Kantian philosophy. He claimed that law plays a central role in shaping the economy, in contrast with the Marxist view that the laws evolve naturally to support a given economic system.

masks: Karl Eduard Julius Theodor Rudolf Stammler


title: Rudolf Stammler

texts:
 <mask> died on 25 April 1938 at Wernigerode, Saxony-Anhalt, aged 82. His son, <mask>, broke the family's legal tradition and became a professor of German literature. Work

<mask> was impressed by the achievement of the great classical jurists in making the law an ars boni et aequi – a science of what is good and just. He wrote, "This, in my opinion, is the universal significance of the classical Roman jurists; this, their permanent worth.They had the courage to raise their glance from the ordinary questions of the day to the whole. And in reflecting on the narrow status of the particular case, they directed their thoughts to the guiding start of all law, namely the realization of justice in life." <mask> and his friend Paul Natorp of the Marburg School subscribed to Immanuel Kant's concept of progress towards a moral end. <mask> borrowed from Kant's metaphysical individualism to develop his theory of metaphysical-collectivism, or social idealism. He worked towards finding a critical method, modeled on Kant's philosophical approach, for determining what constituted justice. He tried to address the question of how judges should decide cases if their decisions are to be objectively just, as opposed to formally correct. <mask> argued that a law could be considered objectively valid to the extent that it enabled the objectively harmonious purposes of freedom, unity and order.Stammler and Natorp accepted the humanitarian and social goals of the socialists, but rejected economic determination, class struggle and metaphysical materialism. In his first major work, Wirtschaft und Recht (1896), <mask> opposed the Marxist view that law was determined by economic forces. He questioned the Marxist ideal of a society with collective ownership of the means of production that ignored the critical role of law in ensuring social justice. He granted that economic forces were powerful, but asserted that the question of justice was independent. Roscoe Pound

masks:
Rudolf Stammler
Wolfgang Stammler
Stammler
Stammler
Stammler
Stammler
Stammler


title: Rudolf Stammler

texts:
 said the revival of juristic concern with natural law dates from the publication of Wirtschaft und Recht. This book laid the foundation for all of <mask>'s subsequent writings. In <mask>'s view, law should be seen as one of the regulating standards for the social economy, in which people cooperate to meet their needs through production and exchange of goods and services.It is wrong to think that law is made by arrangements to reduce economic pressure or conflicts, since law is fundamental to the existence of the economy. <mask> thought it was unrealistic to wait for law to eventually adjust itself to changes in the structure of the economy, as the Marxists would assert. The persistence of class struggle showed that the adjustments were not being made. If law were constantly being adjusted to deal with new social stresses, there would be no conflict. Although <mask> accepted the value of historical or analytical methods in jurisprudence, he thought that they were not enough. There must be some standard or ideal against which the law can be compared to determine whether it meets its objectives. Pound credits Stammler with the concept that legal philosophy should not simply relate morals and ethics to abstract legal rules, since these might not give just results in practice.<mask> felt that the objective must be to achieve just results, defined as a social ideal. <mask> thought that this ideal depended on the level of social harmony in any place, which would change over time. Law should be adapted to conform to that ideal. <mask> thought that this ideal depended on the level of social harmony in any place, which would change over time. Law should be adapted to conform to that ideal. Although the ideal would vary from one age to another, it remained subject to the absolute principles of respect and participation. Publications

References

Sources

1856 births
1938 deaths
People from Alsfeld
People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse
Jurists from

masks: Stammler Stammler Stammler Stammler Stammler Stammler Stammler


title: Luis Álvarez Renta

texts:
<mask> (born April 9, 1950) is a Dominican economist. <mask> was found liable by a federal jury in Miami of civil racketeering and illegal money transfers in a conspiracy to loot Baninter bank during its final months of existence in 2003, for which <mask> was ordered to pay $177 million to Dominican authorities in November 2005. Biography
<mask> was born in Caracas, Venezuela. His father, <mask>, was a renowned and wealthy Dominican engineer who had been forced into exile during the dictatorship of Rafael Leónidas Trujillo in the Dominican Republic. Arriving in Venezuela with twenty dollars and a suitcase, <mask> was able to re-establish his fortune in Venezuela. It was said that in Caracas, "anywhere you looked something had been built by <mask>." His mother, <mask>, was the sister of fashion designer <mask>, and a major social figure in the Dominican Republic in her own right.<mask> <mask> studied in Venezuela and the Dominican Republic, eventually earning a full scholarship to a Dominican University. He was also able to study in the United States, attending both the University of Michigan and Washington University in St. Louis. His performance in university did not go unnoticed, and he was offered scholarships for graduate work at both Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and at the MIT Sloan School of Management in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He attended MIT Sloan and received a Masters in Finance. He would later establish a professorship there. During his early career, <mask> <mask> was offered a number of jobs in the United States. He chose, instead to return to the Dominican Republic.At first, he engaged in the public sector, serving as Sub-Secretary of State for Industry and Commerce, advisor emeritus to the Presidency for Commerce and Finance, and director of CEDOPEX, the

masks:
Luis Álvarez Renta
Álvarez Renta
Álvarez Renta
Luis Rafael Álvarez Renta
Virgilio Álvarez Saviñón
Álvarez Saviñón
Virgilio Álvarez
Thelma Renta
Oscar de la Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta


title: Luis Álvarez Renta

texts: oversight agency for Dominican exports. Having completed his work in the public sector, <mask> <mask> opened his own firm, Luis Álvarez Renta & Asociados, an investment banking firm focused on mergers and acquisitions. For the following thirty-three years, <mask> <mask> was known as the "King Midas" of the Dominican Republic, since his deals always made both sides significant amounts of money. Since the financial sector in the region was underdeveloped, he was often on both sides of a deal, as he was one of the only people in the region with the technical expertise required to process major corporate transactions. As such, <mask> <mask> essentially created the marketplace for mergers and acquisitions in the Caribbean region, and became very wealthy in the process. An estimate of his wealth made during his divorce case in 2000 placed it at $148 million, although many believed it to be much more than that at the time. Prior to the Baninter banking scandal, <mask> <mask> had accompanied former Dominican President Hipólito Mejía on many of his trips abroad, and was appointed ambassador to France on April 2, 2003.He decided to accept the appointment as part of his retirement, in order to effect positive change for the country by helping it negotiate a Free Trade Agreement with the European Union. However, after Governor José Lois Malkún of the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic’s announcement that <mask> <mask> was involved in the Baninter debacle, <mask> <mask> resigned the post in order to avoid a dispute between President Mejia and his advisors. In response to the announcement, <mask> <mask> took out full-page advertisements in the press, in which he declared he was innocent of all the charges made by the Central Bank. He also claimed to have ended his dealings with Baninter

masks: Álvarez Renta Álvarez Renta Álvarez Renta Álvarez Renta Álvarez Renta Álvarez Renta Álvarez Renta


title: Luis Álvarez Renta

texts:
 almost two years before its failure in 2003. <mask> <mask> was the only Dominican businessperson who is mentioned by name in the Central Bank report. The report said that overdrafts and loans totaling RD$3.83 billion were erased at the start of this year in favor of the company Bankinvest, S.A., presided and managed by <mask> <mask>. Continuing Education

One of the major keys to Álvarez Renta’s success was his commitment to continuing education.After graduating from MIT, he would go on to receive advanced degrees and certificates from such schools as the Harvard Business School and the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania. This allowed Álvarez <mask> to take new financial technologies and transplant them to the Caribbean marketplace. As an example, he is credited with introducing the "you set the price, I decide whether to buy or sell" process of negotiation to the region. His involvement at such a structural level in the development of the economic systems in the region ultimately made it possible for him to become successful. Doubts about Baninter

Recently, many have expressed doubts about <mask> <mask>’s involvement in the Baninter scandal. He was accused by an administration that ended up being overrun with major corruption charges in a speech written by another financier, Andres Dauhajre, Jr., who had been an advisor to President Mejia and a lifelong rival of <mask> <mask>’s. At the time of the accusation, <mask> <mask> stood to make US$100 million as part of the sale of a company he had bought that held exclusive contracts for the sale of duty-free items at every Dominican airport.Mejia's administration had challenged those contracts and lost, and many people were interested in acquiring them before the company's sale to a Spanish conglomerate was

masks:
Álvarez
Renta
Luis Álvarez
Renta
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta


title: Luis Álvarez Renta

texts:
 completed. (As a sidenote, these contracts would become a large part of the execution process in the lawsuit against <mask> <mask> in the United States, and were eventually turned over to the Central Bank of the Dominican Republic.) The total amount that <mask> <mask> supposedly stole from Baninter was roughly US$59 million. It is presumably difficult to imagine him needing the money. <mask> <mask> was also the only person in the scandal who was concurrently sued in the United States. Since the U.S. Federal Court is unable to compel testimony from Dominican citizens residing in the Dominican Republic (and none would testify voluntarily), <mask> <mask> claimed to be unable to call even a single witness in his own defense. Ten of the original eleven charges filed in the criminal action against <mask> <mask> in the Dominican Republic were dropped before trial.<mask> <mask> was responsible for trying to salvage Baninter by negotiating a merger with another Dominican bank, Banco del Progreso. The merger, which was approved by the Monetary Board of the Dominican Republic, was later undone by the Central Bank. After the Miami verdict
After being found liable in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida in November 2005, <mask> <mask> expressed that he blames former Baninter president Baez Figueroa for the colossal fraud that brought down the bank and all but decimated the Dominican economy in 2003. <mask> <mask>, who has been closely associated with the banking collapse, claimed he had no part in it and that Ramon Baez Figueroa and his deputy Marcos Baez Cocco were those responsible. Proceedings in the Dominican Republic began on April 3, 2006 against Baninter's former president Ramon Báez Figueroa and the executives Vivian Lubrano and Marcos Báez Cocco, <mask> <mask>

masks:
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Álvarez
Renta
Luis Álvarez
Renta


title: Luis Álvarez Renta

texts:
 and Jesus Maria Ferrúa. The defense is headed by the famed attorney Marino Vinicio Castillo, whose primary argument is that the authorities under Mejia's presidency (2000–2004) caused the bank's collapse. On April 7, 2006 the Dominican Government announced it would offer legal and psychological support to former Miss Dominican Republic 1987,  Carmen Rita Perez Pellerano, in her demand that her ex-husband, <mask> <mask>, stop harassing her and that she be awarded custody of their daughter.Álvarez-<mask> won the case on the note that Ms. Perez was declared psychologically unfit to take care of their, at the time, 7-year-old daughter. On July 16, 2008 L.A.R. was sent to the prison at Najayo, San Cristóbal (south), to begin serving a 10-year prison sentence. Sentencing judge Saulo Ysabel Díaz issued the custody order around 7 p.m. July 16, after almost 12 hours of discussion with the condemned and his lawyers, who asked the court to reduce his sentence and that he be allowed to serve his time in prison in the jail at Aras Nacionales, Villa Mella. <mask> <mask> arrived early Thursday morning at Díaz's office in the company of his lawyers. Dealings with the presidencial candidate
It was later discovered that <mask> <mask> was the president of Maravedi, a company owned by Miguel Vargas Maldonado, the candidate of the PRD for the next presidential elections. That company was used to defraud the estate during the first years of the decade.Notes

1950 births
Living people
People from Caracas
Harvard Business School alumni
MIT Sloan School of Management alumni
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Dominican Republic businesspeople
University of Michigan alumni
Dominican Republic people of Canarian descent
Dominican Republic people of Italian descent
Dominican Republic people of Puerto

masks: Álvarez Renta Renta Álvarez Renta Álvarez Renta


title: Daga (wrestler)

texts:
Miguel Ángel Olivo Castro (born June 19, 1988), better known by the ring name <mask>, is a Mexican professional wrestler. He is a former AAA Latin American Champion and AAA World Cruiserweight Champion. He has also worked for Lucha Underground and Impact Wrestling. Professional wrestling career
<mask> made his pro wrestling debut on April 12, 2009 in International Wrestling Revolution Group. He spent the next two years in the promotion. Also, <mask> worked with other independent promotions, like Toryumon Mexico, International Wrestling League and Desastre Total Ultraviolento. On September 25, 2010, <mask> won his first pro wrestling championship, the IWL Internet Championship.On December 18, 2010, <mask> participated in a tournament to crown the first DTU Alto Impacto Champion, but he was defeated by Flamita. Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide (2011–2017)
<mask> made his first appearance in Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide in 2011. In 2012, <mask> became a regular wrestler, working with Los Perros del Mal or La Sociedad stables. At Héroes Inmortales VI, he participated in the Copa Antonio Peña Royal Rumble, but was defeated by El Texano Jr. At Guerra de Titanes, <mask> won a six-way Ladder match to win the AAA World Cruiserweight Championship. He retained the title for 623 days. At Rey De Reyes participated in a match for the recently created title AAA Fusion Championship, but he was defeated by Fénix. At Triplemanía XXI, Los Perros del Mal (Daga and Psicosis) tried to win the vacant AAA World Tag Team Championship, but they failed.At Héroes Inmortales VII he participated in a fatal four-way for the Copa Antonio Peña, but was defeated by El Hijo del Fantasma. At Rey de Reyes, <mask> had his first AAA defense for the Cruiserweight title, defeating Argenis, Australian Suicide and Super

masks: Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga


title: Daga (wrestler)

texts: Fly. At TripleMania XXII, <mask> participated in a ten-man unification match between the Cruiserweight championship and the AAA Fusion Championship (held by Fenix), which was won by El Hijo del Fantasma. At Verano de Escándalo 2015, <mask> participated in a ten-way match for the Alas de Oro ("Wings of Gold"). However, he was defeated by Drago. In 2015, <mask> focused on the tag team division with various partners. At Héroes Inmortales IX, <mask> and Steve Pain tried to win the AAA World Tag Team Championship from Los Perros del Mal (Pentagón Jr. and Joe Líder).However, the winners were Los Güeros del Cielo (Angélico and Jack Evans). On February 19, 2016, Los Perros del Mal (<mask> and Taya Valkyrie) faced Pentagón Jr., one-half of the AAA World Mixed Tag Team Champions. However, Pentagon retained the title. Four days later, at Rey de Reyes, Los Perros del Mal (<mask> and Joe Líder) faced the World Tag Team Champions Averno and Chessman and Argenis and Australian Suicide in a Tables, Ladders and Chairs match. However, the champions retained the titles. At Triplemanía XXIV, <mask> participated in a 12-man battle royal for the Copa Triplemanía, but was the last man eliminated from the match as rival Australian Suicide won the Copa Triplemanía. At Héroes Inmortales X, <mask> defeated Australian Suicide in a Lucha de Apuestas, hair vs mask match.During a January 21, 2017 for The Crash promotion, <mask>, Pentagón Jr. and Garza Jr. all came to the ring and later confirmed that they had left AAA only one day after all appearing at AAA's 2017 Guerra de Titanes show. As <mask> had been using that name prior to joining AAA, he was also able to continue using it afterwards. The three hoped to able to use the Perros del Mal name on the independent circuit, but were unable to obtain

masks: Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga


title: Daga (wrestler)

texts:
 the right and on January 24, <mask> announced he was leaving the group. On January 27, 2017, <mask>, Garza, Pentagon Jr. and Fénix el Rey announced the formation of a new stable named La Rebelión ("The Rebellion"). Independent circuit (2017–2019)
At the end of Season 3 of Lucha Underground, <mask> was seen as part of Kobra Moon's Reptile Tribe. He made his return in June 2018, during the Aztec Warfare IV. On February 5, 2019, Major League Wrestling (MLW) revealed that <mask> would start appearing for their company on a regular basis starting in March 2019.He had one previous match for the promotion, against Low Ki that took place in 2018. However, MLW released <mask> in June. Return to AAA (2019–2021)
On March 16 in Rey de Reyes, <mask> returned to AAA after two years outside the company teaming up with Taya and Joe Líder as Los Perros del Mal where they fell defeated against El Nuevo Poder del Norte (Mocho Cota Jr., Carta Brava Jr. & Tito Santana) after leaving the team. On June 16 at Verano de Escandalo, <mask> along with his girlfriend Tessa Blanchard were defeated by Laredo Kid and Taya. On July 6 in Zapopan, <mask> had a chance for the AAA Latin American Championship against Drago, but fell disqualified after using the brass knuckles. On August 3 at Triplemanía XXVII, <mask> participated in the Battle Royal for the Triplemanía Cup where he was eliminated and won by Pagano. At Héroes Inmortales XIII, <mask> defeated Drago to win the title.<mask> would vacated the title on April 24, 2021. Impact Wrestling (2019–2020)
<mask> made his debut for Impact on the February 1, 2019, episode of Impact Wrestling where <mask> and The Latin American Xchange (Santana and Ortiz) lost to The Lucha Bros (Fénix and Pentagón Jr.) and Rey Horus in a six-man tag team match. At United We

masks: Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga Daga


title: Daga (wrestler)

texts:
 Stand, Team Lucha Underground (<mask>, Aerostar, Drago and Marty The Moth Martínez) defeated Team Impact (Brian Cage, Eddie Edwards, Moose, and Tommy Dreamer). On the August 9 episode of Impact Wrestling, <mask> and Ortiz representing LAX, lost to The North (Ethan Page and Josh Alexander) in a match for the Impact World Tag Team Championship. On the October 4 episode of Impact Wrestling, <mask> defeated Chris Bey. During the COVID Pandemic in 2020, Olivo and his girlfriend Tessa Blanchard stayed in Mexico and didn't appear during the following months in Impact shows. On October 20, 2020, it was reported that he was released from his Impact contract, per his request.Personal life
On November 20, 2019, <mask> and Tessa Blanchard confirmed their engagement. The couple married in August 2020. Championships and accomplishments

 DDT Pro-Wrestling
 Ironman Heavymetalweight Championship (1 time)
Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide
AAA World Cruiserweight Championship (1 time)
AAA Latin American Championship (1 time)
AAA Quien Pinta Para La Corona (2011)
International Wrestling League
IWL International Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
IWL Internet Championship (1 time)
Laredo Wrestling Alliance
LWA Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Mucha Lucha Atlanta
MLA Global Championship (1 time)
Lucha Underground
Lucha Underground Trios Championship (1 time) – with Kobra Moon and Jeremiah Snake
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
Ranked No. 129 of the top 500 wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2020
Xplosion Nacional de Lucha Libre
X-LAW Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

Luchas de Apuestas record

Notes

References

External links

 AAA profile
 Impact Wrestling profile

1988 births
Living people
Mexican male professional wrestlers
Sportspeople from the State of Mexico
People from Coacalco de

masks: Daga Daga Daga Daga


title: Riki Lindhome

texts:
Erika "<mask><mask> (born March 5, 1979) is an American actress, comedian, singer, songwriter, and musician. She is best known as a singer and songwriter for the comedy folk duo Garfunkel and Oates. After making her television debut in 2002 with minor roles in the television series Titus and Buffy the Vampire Slayer, she guest starred on the WB series Gilmore Girls (2005–2006), the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2008, 2017), and the HBO series Enlightened (2011). She co-created and starred in the Comedy Central period sitcom Another Period (2015–2018) with Natasha Leggero. She currently voices the recurring role of Kimberly Harris in the Fox animated sitcom series Duncanville (2020–present). She is set to star as Dr. Valerie Kinbott in the Netflix comedy horror series Wednesday. <mask> made her feature film debut in the 2004 film Million Dollar Baby as Mardell Fitzgerald, and went on to star in the comedy horror films Hell Baby (2013) and The Wolf of Snow Hollow (2020).She also had supporting roles in the films Pulse (2006), The Last House on the Left (2009), Much Ado About Nothing (2012), Fun Size (2012), The Lego Batman Movie (2017), and Knives Out (2019). In 2007, she formed Garfunkel and Oates with actress Kate Micucci. The duo starred in, produced, and wrote an eponymous television series on IFC, which aired for one season in 2014. Their 2016 Vimeo comedy special, Garfunkel and Oates: Trying to Be Special, was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics. Early life
Erika <mask> was born on March 5, 1979, in Coudersport, Pennsylvania, and raised in Portville, New York. She is primarily of Swedish ancestry. Lindhome graduated from Portville

masks:
Riki
" Lindhome
Lindhome
Lindhome


title: Riki Lindhome

texts:
 High School in 1997.She majored in communications and film at Syracuse University, where she graduated in 2000. In 1997, Lindhome won first prize in the JFK Profiles in Courage essay contest awarded by the John F. Kennedy Library in Boston. Lindhome's subject was United States Representative Carolyn McCarthy (D-NY), whose outrage at the murder of her husband and five others by a gunman on a Long Island train compelled her to challenge and win the seat held by her congressman, who had voted to repeal the Federal Assault Weapons Ban. Career

Acting

Without an agent, Lindhome started her acting career with minor roles on the sitcom Titus and in one season seven episode of the TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer in 2002. In 2003, <mask> joined The Actors' Gang and appeared in the play Embedded. She was one of four actors from the play to be cast in the 2004 film Million Dollar Baby, in which she played Mardell Fitzgerald, who is the sister of Maggie, the film's lead. Lindhome briefly appeared as a nameless student in a season three episode of the television series Gilmore Girls in 2002 before later guest starring as Juliet on the show's fifth and sixth seasons.She also appeared in the 2006 techno-horror film Pulse and in the 2008 crime drama film Changeling. She guest starred on the television series The Big Bang Theory as Ramona Nowitzki, a graduate student who is obsessed with Sheldon Cooper, in seasons two and ten. She guest starred in the television series Pushing Daisies as Dandy Lion, and had a minor role on Criminal Minds. In 2009, she starred in The Last House on the Left, a remake of the 1972 horror film of the same name, as Sadie. In 2011, Lindhome was featured alongside


title: Riki Lindhome

texts: Heather Morris, Sofia Vergara, and Ashley Lendzion in "Nuthin' But a Glee Thang", a Glee-themed Funny or Die parody of the Dr. Dre song "Nuthin' but a 'G' Thang". From 2010 to 2013, Lindhome hosted the Nerdist podcast Making It with <mask> <mask>, in which Lindhome interviewed people in the entertainment industry about their rise to fame. From 2011 to 2013, she guest starred as Harper on the HBO television series Enlightened.<mask> played a female version of Conrade, one of Don John's followers, in Joss Whedon's Much Ado About Nothing, a 2012 adaptation of William Shakespeare's play of the same name, and appeared in the 2012 comedy film Fun Size. In 2013, <mask> starred in the horror-comedy film Hell Baby as Marjorie, the protagonist's Wiccan sister, a role for which she did a full frontal nude scene that attracted attention because of its unusual length. In 2015, <mask> and Natasha Leggero created the Comedy Central series Another Period, which they also starred in together. The show, which focuses on the Bellacourts, a fictional aristocratic family living in Newport, Rhode Island at the turn of the 20th century, premiered in June 2015. She appeared in a recurring role on the television series The Muppets in 2015 as Becky, Fozzie Bear's human girlfriend. Also in 2015, she appeared in a season two episode of Fresh Off the Boat, and in Brooklyn Nine-Nines season three episode "The Swedes". <mask> voiced Poison Ivy in the 2017 animated film The Lego Batman Movie.In 2018, <mask> guest starred as Shaina, a recovering drug addict, in an episode of the comedy-drama television series Kidding. In October 2019, she was featured in SoulPancake's short documentary film Laughing Matters.

masks: Riki Lindhome Lindhome Lindhome Lindhome Lindhome Lindhome


title: Riki Lindhome

texts:
 The following month, she appeared as part of the ensemble cast of the 2019 mystery film Knives Out, in which she played Donna Thrombey. <mask> began starring in the Fox animated sitcom series Duncanville in February 2020, voicing the character Kimberly Harris, the emotional 12-year-old sister of the protagonist, Duncan Harris. In October 2020, she starred in the comedy thriller film The Wolf of Snow Hollow, directed by Jim Cummings, as Officer Julie Robson. She is set to star as Dr. Valerie Kinbott, Wednesday Addams's therapist, in the Netflix comedy horror series Wednesday. Music

Lindhome performs as "Garfunkel" in the comedy-folk duo Garfunkel and Oates, with her friend and fellow songwriter Kate Micucci.Other work
, <mask> will write the script for the upcoming animated musical film Steps, which she will executive produce and write the lyrics for alongside Micucci. Public image
The Post-Standard included <mask> on their list of the 101 most famous Syracuse University alumni. Filmography

Film

Television

Web

Discography

 Yell at Me from Your Car EP (2011)

References

External links
Official website
 Channel on YouTube for Garfunkel and Oates

1979 births
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American comedians
Actresses from New York (state)
Actresses from Pennsylvania
American comedy musicians
American film actresses
American people of Swedish descent
American podcasters
American television actresses
American women comedians
American women podcasters
Comedians from New York (state)
Living people
Musicians from New York (state)
Musicians from Pennsylvania
People from Cattaraugus County, New York
People from Potter County, Pennsylvania
Syracuse University

masks: Lindhome Lindhome Lindhome


title: Caroline Burke

texts:
<mask> (née Berg; July 7, 1913December 5, 1964) was an American actress, theater producer, television producer, writer, and art collector. She appeared in several films in the early 1940s before becoming a theater producer in New York City, notably producing several stage productions of Harold Pinter plays and Broadway productions. She also worked as a producer for NBC in the 1950s, and at the time was the company's only female producer. The daughter of a prominent Portland, Oregon businessman, <mask> studied art history at Bryn Mawr College before embarking on a short-lived career as an actress. Her first role was a starring part in The Mysterious Rider (1942), which she followed with three minor film appearances before retiring from film acting. In the 1950s, she transitioned into executive and production work for NBC, as well as theatre producing for various Broadway and Off-Broadway productions. In addition to her career in entertainment, <mask> also taught television production at Columbia University, and was the founder of the art history department at Reed College.She died of undisclosed causes in 1964 while in the midst of producing a second Harold Pinter stage production, which opened the week following her death. <mask> and her husband, business executive Erwin Swann, owned a significant art collection of modernist paintings and sculpture—including works by Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, and Auguste Rodin—which has showed at several national art museums. Additionally, the couple's collection of cartoon and caricature artwork is owned by the U.S. Library of Congress. Early life
<mask> was born <mask> Berg on July 7, 1913 in Portland, Oregon to a Jewish family. Her mother was Saidee (née Rosenberg), and her father, Charles F. Berg, was a prominent Portland news radio executive and President of the Pacific Coast Advertising Men's Association. Her father, a native of San Francisco, also founded the Charles F. Berg Company, a local Portland women's clothing chain, and co-produced "The Hoot Owls," a pioneering radio sketch

masks:
Caroline Flora Burke
Burke
Burke
Burke
Burke
Caroline Flora


title: Caroline Burke

texts:
 show for KGW. The Charles F. Berg Building, an Art Deco building in downtown Portland that served as one of the Berg storefronts, is named for her father, who died there of a heart attack in 1932.She had one elder brother, Forrest Talbott Berg, from her father's previous marriage. <mask>  graduated from the Catlin Hillside School (now Catlin Gabel School), after which she attended Bryn Mawr College in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, where she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in art history in 1933. Career
In 1941 and 1942, <mask> appeared on Broadway in productions of Brooklyn, U.S.A. and Gilbert Miller's Heart of a City, respectively. In the spring of 1942, she relocated to Los Angeles to pursue a career in film. It was noted in a July 1, 1942 article in the Detroit Free Press:

<mask> appeared in a total of four films, with her first and only leading role as Martha Kincaid in The Mysterious Rider (1942) opposite Buster Crabbe. While appearing in films in Hollywood, she simultaneously worked as an advertising and radio editor in California. From 1946 to 1956 she was one of the first women producers in television, producing, writing and directing network series for the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), including the award-winning telecast of Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author.In the 1950s, she served on NBC's radio show, Monitor, and interviewed various public figures, including actor Marlon Brando. She spent her later life living and working in New York City, where she was a theatrical producer, co-producing Broadway stagings of Paddy Chayefsky's The Tenth Man, and Brendan Behan's The Hostage. In 1962, she produced the first stage productions of Harold Pinter's The Dumb Waiter and The Collection at the Cherry Lane Theatre. In her later life, she was also a contributing editor for Diplomat magazine, and taught television production at Columbia University. At the time of her death in 1964, she was in the midst of producing an Off-Broadway production of Pinter's first play, The Room''. Art collection
In addition to

masks: Burke Burke Burke


title: Caroline Burke

texts:
 her career in entertainment, <mask> was an avid art collector, and founded the art history department at Reed College in her hometown of Portland, Oregon. She and her husband's art collection included works by Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, Paul Klee, Joan Miró, Édouard Vuillard, Georges Rouault; and sculpture by Auguste Rodin, Edgar Degas, Georges Braque, and William Zorach.The collection was displayed at Huntington Hartford's Gallery of Modern Art in New York and at the Portland Art Museum in 1964. The <mask> and Erwin Swann Collection of Caricature and Cartoon is owned by the Library of Congress, and contains 2,085 drawings, prints, and paintings related to the art of caricature, cartoon, and illustration. Personal life
On August 7, 1945, <mask> married camera manufacturing magnate Cyrus Max Adler at the Portland home of her brother, Forrest, in a private Jewish ceremony. <mask> later married advertising executive Erwin D. Swann, who worked for the Foote, Cone & Belding Ad Agency; the couple resided in Manhattan at 24 West 55th Street. Death
<mask> died of undisclosed causes at Memorial Hospital in Manhattan on December 5, 1964. She was survived by her husband, as well as her mother, Saidee Berg, and her brother, Forrest Berg. She is interred in a family plot at Beth Israel Cemetery in Portland, alongside her mother (18841970), father (18711932), and brother (19011997).Filmography

Stage credits

Production

As performer

References

External links

1913 births
1964 deaths
Actresses from Portland, Oregon
American stage actresses
American television producers
American women television producers
American television news producers
American theatre directors
Women theatre directors
Bryn Mawr College alumni
Catlin Gabel School alumni
Columbia University faculty
Reed College faculty
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American journalists
Jewish American actresses
Jewish American art collectors
Jews and Judaism in Portland, Oregon
Women collectors
Writers from Portland, Oregon
American women academics
20th-century American

masks: Burke Caroline Burke Burke Burke


title: Karan Singh

texts:
<mask> (born 9 March 1931) is an Indian politician and philosopher. He is the son of the last ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, <mask>. He was the prince regent of Jammu and Kashmir until 1952. From 1952 to 1965 he was the Sadr-i-Riyasat (President) of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the Republic of India. For the 2022 Indian Presidential Election, he was reported as a potential candidate in Indian media, as recommended for nomination by Ankit Love. He is the chairperson trustee of the Dharmarth Trust of Jammu and Kashmir which maintains 175 temples in north India and works in other areas such as historical preservation. <mask> was a member of India's Upper House of Parliament, the Rajya Sabha, representing the national capital territory of Delhi.He is a senior member of the Indian National Congress party who served successively as President (Sadr-i-Riyasat) and Governor of the former state of Jammu and Kashmir. He was a life trustee and president of India International Center. He was elected chancellor of Banaras Hindu University for three terms, and served till 2018. He has been a prospective presidential candidate over the years. Early and personal life
<mask> <mask> was born at the Martinez Hotel, Cannes, France into the Dogra dynasty. He was the only son of Maharaja <mask>, the ruling Maharaja of Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir. His mother, Maharani Tara Devi, who was the fourth wife of his father, was the daughter of a landowning Katoch Rajput family and came from Bijapur (Vijaypur near Bilaspur) in Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.<mask> was educated at Doon School, Dehra Dun, a boarding school, which represented a departure from the usual practise of princes being educated by tutors at home. The school was very elite, but it nevertheless meant that <mask> <mask> shared the classroom (though not the hostel) with boys from non-royal backgrounds, and received a standard education.

masks:
Karan Singh
Hari Singh
Singh
Karan
Singh
Hari Singh
Singh
Karan
Singh


title: Karan Singh

texts:
 Unusually for the scion of an Indian royal family, he then enrolled in a college for a graduate degree, receiving first a B.A. degree from Jammu and Kashmir University, Srinagar, and subsequently an M.A. degree in Political Science and a PhD degree from University of Delhi. In 1950, the 19-year-old <mask> <mask> was married to 13-year-old Yasho Rajya Lakshmi, daughter of a nobleman belonging to the Rana family of Nepal. Her father, General Sharada Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana, was a senior army officer and the son of Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana, the last Rana Prime Minister of Nepal.The match, arranged by their families in the usual Indian way, was entirely harmonious and lasted all their lives. The couple had three children:

Yuvraj Vikramaditya <mask>, elder son and crown prince; married Chitrangada Scindia, the daughter of Madhavrao Scindia of Gwalior, in 1987. Ajatshatru <mask>, second son; took to politics, was elected to the state assembly from the Nagrota constituency and became a minister in the state government. His wife is the daughter of an army officer. Jyotsna <mask>, only daughter, married to Dhirendra <mask>, from  a Chauhan family belonging to Mainpuri in Uttar Pradesh. Political career

In 1949, at age of eighteen, <mask> was appointed as the prince regent of Jammu and Kashmir state after his father stepped down as the ruler, following the state's accession to India. From that point, he served successively as regent, the Sadr-i-Riyasat, and the first governor of the state of Jammu and Kashmir from 1965 to 1967.On August 8, 1953 as the President (Sadr-i-Riyasat) of Jammu and Kashmir, <mask> <mask> backed a coup d'etat against the elected Prime Minister Sheikh Abdullah, allegedly for harboring independent ambitions for Kashmir, which led to the imprisonment of Abdullah for eleven years following the Kashmir Conspiracy Case. In 1967, he resigned as Governor of Jammu and Kashmir, and became the

masks:
Karan
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh
Singh Chauhan
Singh
Karan
Singh


title: Karan Singh

texts: youngest-ever member of the Union Cabinet, holding the portfolios of Tourism and Civil Aviation between 1967 and 1973. Two years later, he voluntarily surrendered his privy purse, which he had been entitled to since the death of his father in 1961. He placed the entire sum into a charitable trust named after his parents. In the 26th amendment to the Constitution of India promulgated in 1971, the Government of India, of which <mask> <mask> was a Union cabinet minister, abolished all official symbols of princely India, including titles, privileges, and remuneration (privy purses). During the conclusion of the Cold War, he was India's ambassador to the USA. <mask> received the Padma Vibhushan in 2005.In 1971, he was sent as an envoy to the Eastern Bloc nations to explain India's position with regard to East Pakistan, then engaged in civil war with West Pakistan.He attempted to resign following an aircraft crash in 1973, but the resignation was not accepted. The same year, he became the Minister for Health and Family planning, serving in this post until 1977. Following the Emergency, <mask> <mask> was elected to the Lok Sabha from Udhampur in 1977 on a Congress ticket [the party had not split into Congress(I) and Congress(U) factions till then], and became Minister of Education and Culture in 1979 in Charan <mask>'s cabinet, representing Congress(U), which had split from Indira's Congress. Notably, Charan <mask> became Prime Minister after the fall of Janata Party government headed by Morarji Desai. And Charan <mask> himself resigned without facing Parliament even for a day as he was not sure of having a confidence motion passed in his favour. <mask> <mask> contested the 1980 Lok Sabha election on a Congress(U) ticket and won. In 1989–1990, he served as Indian Ambassador to the US, and this experience became the subject of a book he wrote, "Brief Sojourn".From 1967 to 1984, <mask> <mask> was a member of the Lok Sabha. In

masks: Karan Singh Singh Karan Singh Singh Singh Singh Karan Singh Karan Singh


title: Karan Singh

texts:
 1984, he contested the Lok Sabha polls as an independent candidate from Jammu but lost the election. He was a member of the Rajya Sabha from 30 November 1996 to 12 August 1999, representing National Conference, a Muslim dominated party active in Jammu and Kashmir. Later, he was a Rajya Sabha member from 28 January 2000 to 27 January 2018 representing INC. He is known for switching his loyalties from one political party to another quite frequently. He has served as Chancellor of Banaras Hindu University, Jammu and Kashmir University, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and NIIT University. Later life
He has been engaged by Sansad TV (a merged Global TV Channel of Lok Sabha TV and Rajya Sabha TV) as a Guest Anchor along with some other senior celebrated experts from diverse fields such as Bibek Debroy, Amitabh Kant, Shashi Tharoor, Hemant Batra, Maroof Raza and Sanjeev Sanyal to present some flagship programmes.Academic career

<mask> <mask> served as the chancellor of Banaras Hindu University for three terms up until 2018. In 2008, he awarded an honorary doctorate to the then prime minister Manmohan <mask>, and in 2016, he was asked by university administration to award an honorary doctorate to prime minister Modi, that the prime minister declined. Views

On population
"In 1974, I led the Indian delegation to the World Population Conference in Bucharest, where my statement that 'development is the best contraceptive' became widely known and oft quoted. I must admit that 20 years later I am inclined to reverse this, and my position now is that 'contraception is the best development'.”

Bibliography

Towards A New India (1974)
Population, Poverty and the Future of India (1975)
One Man's World (1986)
Essays on Hinduism. Ratna Sagar. 1987. . Humanity at the Crossroads, with Daisaku Ikeda.Oxford University Press, 1988. Autobiography (2 vols. )(1989)
Brief Sojourn (1991)
Hymn to Shiva and Other Poems (1991)
The Transition to a

masks: Karan Singh Singh


title: Karan Singh

texts:
 Global Society (1991)
Mountain of Shiva (1994)
Autobiography. Oxford University Press, 1994. .
Hinduism. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, 2005. Mundaka Upanishad: The Bridge to Immortality.Ten Gurus of the Sikhs Their Life Story, Tr. into English Pramila Naniwadekar & Moreshwar Naniwadekar. Nehru's Kashmir. Wisdom Tree. .
A Treasury of Indian Wisdom. Penguin Ananda, 2010. .
An Examined Life ed. Raghav Verma. Harper Collins, 2019.See also

Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir) to the Dominion of India
List of topics on the land and the people of Jammu and Kashmir

References

 Detailed Profile: Dr. <mask> <mask> Government of India portal

Further reading

 An Examined Life: Essays and Reflections by <mask> <mask>, ed. Raghav Verma. Harper Collins, 2019. External links

 Dr. <mask> <mask>'s Official Website
 Film: I Believe: Universal Values for a Global Society with Dr. <mask> and by Raja Choudhury. Proclamation of May 1, 1951 on Jammu & Kashmir Constituent Assembly by Yuvraj (Crown Prince) <mask> <mask> from the Official website of Government of Jammu and Kashmir, India

1931 births
Indian diplomats
Scholars from Jammu and Kashmir
Indian religious writers
Living people
The Doon School alumni
Delhi University alumni
Governors of Jammu and Kashmir
Jawaharlal Nehru University faculty
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in public affairs
Ambassadors of India to the United States
Maharajas of Jammu and Kashmir
Indian Hindus
Indian autobiographers
Indian National Congress politicians from Jammu and Kashmir
Rajya Sabha members from Delhi
4th Lok Sabha members
5th Lok Sabha members
6th Lok Sabha members
Lok Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir
Health ministers of India
Civil aviation ministers of India
Education Ministers of India
20th-century Indian historians
Indian political writers
Writers from Jammu and Kashmir
Rajya Sabha members from Jammu and Kashmir
7th Lok Sabha members
University of Kashmir alumni
Indian National

masks: Karan Singh Karan Singh Karan Singh Singh Karan Singh


title: Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza

texts:
<mask> (September 19,1902-May 27,1960), was the first woman to hold a Ph.D. in Chemistry (Chemical Sciences) in Spain. She was noted for her work in electrochemistry and her research into the formation of fluorine from potassium biflouride. In later years, she was recognized for her contribution to the pedagogy of teaching science on the elementary and secondary levels, with a focus on the practical uses of chemistry in daily life. She was awarded a national honor,  the . Early life and education
Born into a humble family, <mask>'s father was <mask>, a laborer from Zaragoza who later repaired pianos. Her mother, <mask>, of Brea (Zaragoza), was a housewife. After the death of her parents, she had the responsibility of taking care of her two younger siblings.Her sister Pilar was a pianist who studied in Paris and gave concerts in the Teatro Real de Madrid. Her brother Pablo died young, but had a short career as a professor of Physics and Chemistry at the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). <mask>'s vocation lead her to her teacher training studies at the Escuela de Zaragoza and to a degree in Elementary Education (primary school teaching) on December 3, 1921. Her desire for learning impelled her to continue her studies at the School of Sciences at the University of Zaragoza in the realm of Chemical Sciences, first as a non-matriculated student in 1922-23. Later she continued her studies as a matriculated student, and received high grades and honors in all of her classes. She received her graduate degree from the University of Zaragoza on March 12, 1927. She defended her doctoral thesis on October 6, 1929 and obtained her Ph.D. in Chemistry from the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Zaragoza on December 13, 1929.Her doctoral thesis was titled Estudio potenciométrico del ácido hipocloroso y de sus sales ("Potentiometric study of hypochlorous acid and its salts ”). Thus, <mask> <mask> became the first woman to obtain a doctorate in Chemical Sciences in Spain, later followed

masks:
Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza
Arnal Yarza
Luis Arnal Foz
Vicenta Yarza Marquina
Jenara
Arnal
Yarza


title: Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza

texts:
 by the researchers  y . Career in chemistry
After completing her studies, in 1926 she began work as a researcher in theoretical Chemistry in the laboratories of the Faculty of the University of Zaragoza. Her research would later take her to other public and private research centers, such as the Escuela Industrial of Zaragoza, the Escuela Superior de Trabajo of Madrid, the Anstalt für Anorganische Chemie of the University of Basel (as a fellowship recipient of the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas), and the National Institute of Physics and Chemistry (Instituto Nacional de Física y Química) of Madrid in the electrochemistry department (continuing and expanding upon the works she began in Switzerland and Germany, where she had gone to research electrochemistry as a fellow of the JAE). During her tenure at the INFQ, she published 11 articles about electrochemical research, and in particular, electrolytic analysis. In 1929, Dr. <mask> <mask> became a member of the Spanish Society for Physics and Chemistry () for her distinguished research career in Spain and abroad. While she worked at the laboratories of the Anstalt für anorganische Chemie in Basel, she studied under Friedrich Fichter, professor of inorganic chemistry and then vice-president of the International Union of Chemistry.Together they worked on the chemical oxidation of various metals, but specifically the creation of fluorine and of persulfates of zinc and lanthanum from the electrolysis of molten potassium biflouride. They published the results of their work in 1931 in the notable Swiss periodical Helvetica Chimica Acta. <mask> <mask> also researched chemical oxidation produced by the action of fluorine in gaseous states. She spent some time studying in the Technische Hochschule in Dresden thanks to a two-semester extension of her original scholarship from 1932. After the Spanish Civil War began in Madrid, in 1937 <mask> <mask> left Spain and resided for a time in France. She later returned to the Spanish

masks: Arnal Yarza Arnal Yarza Arnal Yarza


title: Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza

texts: "National Zone" (). Throughout the war she was able to continue her research work without being sanctioned.During the Spanish Civil War and the early years of Franco's dictatorship, very few women, all unmarried, were allowed to participate in scientific research. While <mask> did not return to full-time research after the war, while teaching secondary school she continued to be interested in science and completed various works for the  (CSIC), while she served at the teaching institute Instituto de Pedagogía San José de Calasanz. She collaborated in writing for the Boletín Bibliográfico del CSIC journal, most notably in publications dedicated to primary school teachers published by of the Auxiliary Library of Education (Biblioteca Auxiliar de Educación). She was the second woman to serve as the director of a department of physics and chemistry at a Spanish secondary school from 1930 onward. In May of 1947 <mask> <mask> obtained authorization to travel to London to attend the First Centennial of the Royal Society and the XI International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry. In December, the General Office of Secondary Education (Dirección General de Enseñanzas Medias) gave her permission to go on a trip to Japan as a delegate of the (Foreign) Exchange Section of CSIC. Upon her return to Spain, <mask> Yarza gave conferences and facilitated the exchange of publications by CSIC with Japanese universities and centers of advanced research.Later, she would return to Japan under the auspices of the CSIC for two years where she would advance her studies in chemistry. In July 1953, she made a trip to attend the XIII International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry in Stockholm and Uppsala. That same year she began her last trip to Europe for research purposes, to attend the meeting of the International Committee of Electrochemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Vienna from September 28 to October 5, 1953. <mask> <mask> <mask> Yarza died suddenly on May 27,1960 of a cerebral hemorrhage due to

masks: Jenara Arnal Yarza Arnal Jenara Vicenta Arnal


title: Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza

texts:
 professor for the Beatriz Galindo Institute in Madrid without any sanctions, and there she was able to continue her duties in the directorial team of the center until her untimely death in 1960. As an educator, <mask> distinguished herself with her pedagogical approach to the teaching of Natural Sciences, Physics and Chemistry. She believed that the teaching of basic sciences fomented cultural development in students, by providing knowledge of the natural world while developing their mental discipline via observation, experimentation and the interpretation of results. She believed that the method of teaching science should be adapted to the cognitive level of the student, so that for elementary students of 5-12 years of age, the focus should be on experiencing science via observation, experimentation and discovery. For older students of 12-15 years of age, she emphasized lessons that contained practical applications for science as part of professional development or for recreation.She detailed these approaches in a 1933 monograph edition of the journal Bordón, which was dedicated to the teaching of Natural Sciences. Publications
In 1930, Arza Yarnal completed research in collaboration with  and Ángela García de la Puerta on the subject of electrolitic oxidation of chlorides. In addition, she published distinguished works in the journal Helvética Chimica Acta and Transactions of the American Chemical Society. Also with Rius Miró, she published  “Estudio del potencial del electrodo de cloro y sus aplicaciones al análisis”, in the Anales de la Sociedad Española de Física y Química in 1933, and “La oxidación electrolítica” in 1935. She also authored additional educational publications:
 Física y Química de la vida diaria ("Physics and Chemistry in daily life") (1954 and 1959)
 Los primeros pasos en el laboratorio de Física y Química ("First steps in Physics and Chemistry labs") (1956)
 Química en Acción  ("Chemistry in action") (1959). In addition, <mask> collaborated with Inés García Escalera,

masks: Jenara Jenara


title: Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza

texts:
 professor of the Institute of Secondary Education of Alcalá de Henares, on two books:

Lecciones de cosas ("Lessons about things") (1958)
El mundo del saber (ciencias y letras) ("The world of knowledge (Arts and Sciences)) (1968 and 1970), later re-edited in 1982. She also translated specialized books about the history of science such as Historia de la Química ("The History of chemistry"), by   and Historia de la Física ("The History of Physics"), by .Legacy
One of her former students from her time in Japan, the Spanish ambassador  created the <mask> Arnal Prize in her honor for graduating students of the Instituto Beatriz Galindo, and in recent years his son  has continued to award the prize. In March of 2019, the city of Zaragoza proposed changing the name of a street from Calle Rudesindo Nasarre Ariño to Calle Jenara Vicenta Arnal <mask> in her honor, in an effort to recognize the contributions of four notable women from that city and to comply with the . The plan was cancelled in September of that year. References

Bibliography
 Cien años de Política Científica en España. María Jesús Santesmases y Ana Romero de Pablos. Fundación BBVA 2008. 424 pages.(Spanish)
De analfabetas científicas a catedráticas de Física y Química de Instituto en España: el esfuerzo de un grupo de mujeres para alcanzar un reconocimiento profesional y científico. Delgado Martínez, Mª Ángeles y López Martínez, J. Damián. Revista de Educación. 2004. Number 333. pp. 255-268. (Spanish)
Pioneras españolas en las ciencias.Las mujeres del Instituto Nacional de Física y Química. Carmen Magallón Portolés. Editorial: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas. 2004. 408 pages. (Spanish)
Women in Their Element: Selected Women's Contributions To The Periodic System. Lykknes, Annette and Van Tiggelen, Brigitte.World Scientific Publishing Co. 2019. 556 pages. 1902 births
1960 deaths
Spanish chemists
Spanish women chemists
Spanish women scientists
University of Zaragoza alumni
University of Zaragoza faculty
People from

masks: Vicenta Yarza


title: William Ruffin Cox

texts:
<mask> (March 11, 1831/1832December 26, 1919) was an American soldier and politician from the state of North Carolina. He was a brigadier general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War, a three-term member of the United States House of Representatives from 1881 to 1887, and Secretary of the Senate from 1893 to 1900. Early life and career
<mask><mask> was born in Scotland Neck, Halifax County, North Carolina, to an aristocratic family that lived in North Carolina since the colonial days. His father died when <mask> was only four years old. His mother and his siblings subsequently moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where he was raised and educated. He graduated from Tolbert Fanning's Franklin College in Franklin, Tennessee and studied law at Cumberland University. After passing his bar exam, <mask> formed a partnership with a prominent Nashville attorney, and his practice flourished.In 1857, <mask> ceased his practice, married, moved back to North Carolina, and owned a plantation in Edgecombe County. Two years later, he moved to Raleigh and entered politics, running as a Democrat for the state legislature. He was narrowly defeated, losing a hard-fought election by just thirteen votes in his district. Civil War
With North Carolina's secession and the outbreak of the Civil War in early 1861, <mask> raised and outfitted the "Ellis Artillery Company". He soon afterwards raised an infantry company and was appointed as the major of the 2nd North Carolina Infantry Regiment by Governor Ellis. He fought in the Battle of Antietam, and was given a promotion to lieutenant colonel, as he and the officer previously holding that rank were promoted with the death of the regiment's first colonel, Charles C. Tew, in that battle. Not long afterwards, the new colonel resigned and <mask> assumed command of the veteran regiment.He was formally commissioned as the colonel of the 2nd North Carolina in March 1863. In May of that year, <mask> was wounded three times in the fighting at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Despite his painful wounds, he stayed

masks:
William Ruffin Cox
William R
. Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox


title: William Ruffin Cox

texts:
 in command until late in the fighting when exhaustion forced him to retire to a field hospital to be treated. Missing the Gettysburg Campaign due to his injuries, <mask> did not return to the field until the fall of 1863. While temporarily in command of Ramseur's Brigade because the general was on leave to get married, <mask> was wounded in the face and right shoulder early in the battle of Kelly's Ford on November 7, 1863. Shipped to the hospital in Richmond, the wound resulted in a 40-day furlough to recuperate. He fought with distinction at the battles of the Wilderness and Spotsylvania Court House, being personally commended by General Robert E. Lee for bravery in fighting on May 12.Afterwards he was assigned command of a brigade of North Carolina infantry, despite being junior in rank to other colonels in the brigade. He led his troops at the Battle of Cold Harbor and then accompanied the Army of the Valley under Maj. Gen. Jubal Early in the Shenandoah Valley. At the Battle of Monocacy, <mask>'s brigade played a prominent role in the day-long fighting. Returning to the Army of Northern Virginia, <mask> served in the trench defenses during the Siege of Petersburg, including the counterattack of Confederate forces on the Union's Fort Stedman. Promoted to brigadier general, <mask> led a brigade during the final year of the war, including the Appomattox Campaign. He surrendered his men to the Federal army at Appomattox Court House in April 1865 and returned home. During the course of the war, he survived a total of eleven wounds.Postbellum career
After the war, <mask> resumed his legal practice in Raleigh and became President of the Chatham Railroad. He spent six years as the solicitor (prosecuting attorney) for metropolitan Raleigh, and was chairman of the North Carolina Democratic Party from 1874 through 1877. In January 1877, he became Circuit Superior Court Judge of the Sixth Judicial District. He endured the death of his wife in 1880. He resigned his judgeship when he was elected to the United States Congress, serving for

masks: Cox Cox Cox Cox Cox Cox


title: William Ruffin Cox

texts:
 six years as a representative from North Carolina. In the House, he championed civil service reform, a stance which alienated some prominent Democrats, leading to him losing the party nomination for re-election in 1886. He remarried and retired to his plantation in Edgecombe County, but was appointed Secretary of the U.S. Senate to replace former Union army general Anson G. McCook in 1893.He served until the turn of the century, when he again retired, this time for good, to his plantation. At the time of his death in 1919, he was one of the last surviving generals of the Confederate army. He is buried in Raleigh's Historic Oakwood Cemetery. Namesake
In World War II the United States liberty ships , , and  were all named in his honor. See also

 List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
Evans, Clement A., Confederate Military History. Volume IV, Atlanta, Georgia: Confederate Publishing Company, 1899.Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .

Further reading
 A sketch of the life and service of General <mask> <mask>; including the address of Hon. Frank S. Spruill at the Presentation of Portrait of General <mask> <mask> to the State of North Carolina. Richmond, Va. : Whittet & Shepperson, 1921.Retrieved on 2008-10-19

External links

1830s births
1919 deaths
People of North Carolina in the American Civil War
Confederate States Army brigadier generals
Members of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina
Burials at Historic Oakwood Cemetery
North Carolina state court judges
19th-century American railroad executives
North Carolina Democratic Party chairs
North Carolina Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Secretaries of the United States Senate
19th-century American

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William Ruffin
Cox
William Ruffin
Cox