title: David Wagner (soccer)

texts:
 2021, <mask> was appointed manager of Swiss Super League reigning champions Young Boys. <mask> is married and has two daughters, Lynn and Lea. His daughter Lea works as a sports presenter for the public regional broadcasting company SWR.She is also part of the team of reporters for Sportschau on ARD. Career statistics

Player
Club

International

Manager
As of 26 February 2022

Honours

Player
Schalke 04
UEFA Cup: 1996–97

Manager
Huddersfield Town
EFL Championship play-offs: 2017

Individual
EFL Championship Manager of the Year: 2016–17
Premier League Manager of the Month: August 2017
EFL Championship Manager of the Month: August 2016, February 2017

References

External links

1971 births
Living people
German people of Thai descent
German people of American descent
Footballers from Frankfurt
German footballers
American sportspeople of Thai descent
American soccer players
Association football forwards
Eintracht Frankfurt II players
Eintracht Frankfurt players
1. FSV Mainz 05 players
FC Schalke 04 players
FC Gütersloh 2000 players
SV Waldhof Mannheim players
SV Darmstadt 98 players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
Regionalliga players
UEFA Cup winning players
Germany youth international footballers
Germany under-21 international footballers
United States men's international soccer players
German football managers
American soccer coaches
Borussia Dortmund II managers
Huddersfield Town A.F.C. managers
FC Schalke 04 managers
BSC Young Boys managers
3. Liga managers
English Football League managers
Premier League managers
Bundesliga managers
Swiss Super League managers
German expatriate football managers
German expatriate sportspeople in England
German expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
American expatriate soccer coaches
American expatriate sportspeople in England
American expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland
Expatriate football managers in England
Expatriate football managers in

masks:
Wagner
Family Wagner


title: Franco Mormando

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 17 August 1955) is a historian, university professor, and author, focusing on the art, literature, and religious culture of Italy from the late Medieval period to the Baroque. His principal publications have been on fifteenth-century preacher Bernardino of Siena and Baroque artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, with other notable contributions to the study of the artist Caravaggio and the bubonic plague. Early life and education
<mask> was born and raised in New York City, in Manhattan's Lower East Side, of Italian immigrant parents. His undergraduate education was at Columbia University, where he was a John Jay National Scholar, receiving his B.A. (1977) summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa. At Columbia, he also received the Bigongiari Award for Excellence in Italian Studies. From Columbia, he went on to Harvard University, where he received both his M.A.(1979) and Ph.D. (1983) in Italian literature, with a dissertation on The Vernacular Sermons of Bernardino of Siena, OFM (1380-1444): A Literary Analysis. While at Harvard, he received the "Travel-Study Prize for Excellence in Teaching," from the Department of Romance Languages (May 1980) and the "Certificate of Distinction in Teaching" from the University Committee on Undergraduate Education" (December 1983). After graduating from Harvard, Mormando entered the Jesuit Order, where he furthered his education in the form of a two-year, non-degree study of philosophy (Biennio di Filosofia) at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, Italy, and a five-year program at the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley, California, receiving a Master's of Divinity (1992) and the S.T.L. (or Licentiate of Sacred Theology, a pontifical degree) in Church History (1994). Mormando was ordained a priest in the Jesuit order but left the Society and the priesthood in 2002. After his studies in Berkeley, Mormando obtained

masks:
Franco Mormando
Mormando


title: Franco Mormando

texts:
 Mormando's monograph: "As is clearly shown in this well-written, thoroughly documented study, few historical figures of fifteenth-century Italy have come up smelling like roses at the hands of historians quite like the Observant Franciscan, Bernardino of Siena. But in fact, Bernardino was a rhetorical assassin, encouraging his listeners to denounce, and even to kill those who did not meet with his approval." The Preacher's Demons went on to win the prestigious Howard R. Marraro Prize for Distinguished Scholarship in Italian History, conferred (January 2001) by the American Catholic Historical Association.Caravaggio
In the same years that he was completing The Preacher's Demons, Mormando was busy organizing at Boston College's McMullen Museum of Art a major art exhibition of Italian Baroque art, conceived by him and entitled Saints and Sinners: Caravaggio and the Baroque Image] Opening in February 1999, Saints and Sinners had at its centerpiece the long-lost painting by Baroque artist, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio, The Taking of Christ (Rome, 1602), discovered in a Jesuit residence in Dublin, Ireland, and subsequently given on indefinite loan to the National Gallery of Ireland. <mask>'s exhibition represented the first appearance of the newly-discovered painting in North America and, as such, garnered much attention from the world press and was visited by many thousands of people in its four-month run. In addition to introducing the North American public to the painting, the aim of Saints and Sinners was to place Caravaggio within the context of early modern conventions and the traditions of religious art; in other words, while acknowledging his at times unconventional manner and maverick ways, it stressed his direct connection to the familiar tradition of religious art. Edited by Mormando, the exhibition catalog featured original scholarship by


title: Franco Mormando

texts:
 leading experts in Baroque art and culture, including one by Sergio Benedetti (the Dublin conservator who rediscovered and restored the painting) and two essays by Mormando, "Teaching the Faithful to Fly: Mary Magdalene and Peter in Baroque Italy" and "Just as your lips approach the lips of your brothers: Judas Iscariot and the Kiss of Betrayal." Both essays represent surveys and analyses of extensive primary sources to discover what Caravaggio's original audience would have been taught about these three figures of New Testament history that are featured prominently in his art. The bubonic plague
Several years later, Mormando conceived and organized, with some of the same colleagues who put together the Saints and Sinners exhibition, another art exhibition of early modern Italian painting entitled [https://www.worcesterart.org/exhibitions/past/hope-and-healing/ Hope and Healing: Painting in Italy in a Time of Plague, 1500-1800 (Worcester Art Museum, April–September 2005). The exhibition aimed to illustrate the hitherto-unrecognized deep and wide presence of the bubonic plague in Old Master Italian painting, as well as the civic role of art in a time of the pandemic.The exhibition's catalog features essays by some of the leading scholars of the history of bubonic plague in Europe, including a long introduction by Mormando based on an extensive survey of primary sources, "Response to the Plague in Early Modern Italy: What the Primary Sources, Printed and Painted, Reveal." The exhibition was followed by a later companion volume, co-edited by <mask>, Piety and Plague: From Byzantium and the Baroque (Kirksville, MO: Truman State University Press, 2007), which extended the chronological and thematic breadth of the exhibition. <mask>'s contribution to the volume was a seventy-five-page essay, "Pestilence, Apostasy, and Heresy in Seventeenth-Century Rome:

masks: Mormando Mormando


title: Franco Mormando

texts:
 Deciphering Michael Sweerts' Plague in an Ancient City," in which he offers for the first time in the scholarship on that Flemish painter an answer to the long-standing question: What is the real subject of Sweerts's mysterious painting? Gian Lorenzo Bernini
In the most recent phase of his evolving scholarly interests and publication, <mask> has turned his attention to the leading artist of Roman Baroque art and one of the most important influences on all of early modern European sculpture and architecture, Gian Lorenzo Bernini (1598-1680). His first work on Bernini was the first unabridged English translation and critical edition of one of the early biographical sources for the life of the artist, written by his youngest son: Domenico Bernini's Life of Gian Lorenzo Bernini (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2011). Containing close to two hundred pages of source notes and a bibliography of over 600 titles, <mask>'s Domenico Bernini edition, as the publisher's dustjacket explains, "is, in effect, a one-volume encyclopedia on the artist's life and work. As such, it stands alone within the immense bibliography of Bernini scholarship."Months after the publication of the Domenico Bernini volume, <mask> produced his own biography of Gian Lorenzo, Bernini: His Life and His Rome. As English art historian Claire Ford-Wille emphasizes in her review of the work, "Bernini: His Life and His Rome is a biography for the general reader […]. Nonetheless, the biography is underpinned by <mask>’s immense and serious research and is packed with information […]." Drawing on many years of research in compiling his annotated Domenico Bernini volume, this subsequent work "can claim to be the first biography of Bernini to appear in the English and one of the very few to appear in any language since the artist's death in 1680;" it is also the first to make

masks: Mormando Mormando Mormando Mormando


title: Franco Mormando

texts: "the pursuit of 'Bernini himself,' the uncensored flesh-and-blood human being, one of its primary objectives." Departing in stark fashion from all of the previous, idealizing, hagiographic, uncritical portraits of Bernini of the preceding centuries, Bernini: His Life and His Rome has been criticized by a few readers for including so much unflattering, indeed, at times scandalous, information about Bernini and the people around him (including the popes and the cardinals who were his patrons), but, as the author himself points out in reply to these criticisms (in the online journal, Berfois of London, Oct. 11, 2012), all of the information in the book is documented in authentic primary sources. As <mask> further reports in the Berfois article, "[W]hen I first took up my Bernini biographical project [in 2000] and for a long time into it (it took eleven years to complete), I too simply accepted the conventional wisdom, the aforementioned clichés about Bernini, his religion and his art. Yet, the more I studied and uncovered the falsifications of Domenico’s biography, the more I discovered the skeletons in the life of Bernini, and the more I read of the darker side of his seventeenth-century contemporaries, be they pope, cardinals, or laymen, the more skeptical I became of the myth of Bernini and of his 'Roma Sancta.'Hence, the present call to a more critical approach to the study of Bernini and his art and of his ecclesiastical patrons." Describing the development of Bernini scholarship in modern times, author Loyd Grossman places <mask> in the same company as Rudolph Wittkower, John Pope-Hennessy and Irving Lavin, declaring: "Among today's scholars no one has done more to promote Bernini studies than [<mask><mask> as author of the only English language biography of Bernini and through his magnificent editing of Domenico Bernini's life of his father." Jesuit

masks:
Mormando
Mormando
Franco
] Mormando


title: Franco Mormando

texts:
 history
In addition to his book and articles on Franciscan topics, <mask> has also made Jesuit studies another one of his secondary specializations. In 2006, on the occasion of the anniversary of the Jesuit saint's death, <mask> organized an exhibition at the Burns Rare Book Library, Francis Xavier and the Jesuit Missions in the Far East, featuring the most important primary sources for the biography and canonization of 'the second Jesuit saint' (after Ignatius of Loyola), and contributing an article on "The Making of the Second Jesuit Saint: The Campaign for the Canonization of Francis Xavier, 1555-1622." <mask> also contributed to the planning of a 2018 art exhibition conceived and organized by Linda Wolk-Simon at the Fairfield University Art Museum devoted to Jesuit Baroque art, The Holy Name. Art of the Gesù: Bernini and His Age. His essay, "Gian Paolo Oliva: The Forgotten Celebrity of Baroque Rome," in the accompanying catalog (published by Saint Joseph University Press), presented the first major survey in English of the career of Jesuit Father General Oliva (1600-1681), a friend to and spiritual advisor to Gian Lorenzo Bernini.Most recently, Mormando has addressed the topic of "Ignatius the Franciscan: The Franciscan Roots of Jesuit Spirituality," overturning the received wisdom about the putative revolutionary, unique character of the spirituality and way of proceeding of the Jesuit order as founded by Ignatius of Loyola. References

Bibliography
All of Mormando's scholarly articles and book reviews are available for download from Academia.edu

External links
Mormando's personal website
Mormando's Author Profile on Amazon.com
Mormando's Boston College Faculty Profile
Mormando's profile on Academia.edu

1955 births
American essayists
American historians
American male essayists
American writers of Italian descent
Boston College faculty
Harvard

masks: Mormando Mormando Mormando


title: Alexander Theroux

texts:
<mask> (born 1939) is an American novelist and poet. He is known for his novel Darconville's Cat (1981), which was selected by Anthony Burgess for his Ninety-Nine Novels: The Best in English Since 1939 – A Personal Choice in 1984 and by Larry McCaffery for 20th Century’s Greatest Hits. He was awarded the Lannan Literary Award for Fiction in 1991 and the Clifton Fadiman Medal for Fiction in 2002 by the Mercantile Library in New York City. He is the brother of novelist Paul Theroux and writer Peter Theroux as well as the uncle of documentarian <mask>, novelist Marcel Theroux, and actor Justin Theroux. Life and career

Early life
Theroux was born in Medford, Massachusetts, the first son of Catholic parents; his mother, Anne (born Dittami), was Italian American, and his father, Albert Eugene Theroux, was French Canadian. His mother was a grammar school teacher and his father was a salesman for the American Leather Oak company. Theroux graduated from Medford High School; he attended Boys State in Amherst, Massachusetts, was class president in 1956, and was a starting member of the Medford High School basketball team.He entered the Trappist Monastery at St. Joseph's Abbey in Spencer, Massachusetts in 1958, and then the Franciscan Seminary at Callicoon, New York in 1960. He earned his bachelor of arts at St. Francis College in 1964. He earned a masters of arts in English literature in 1965, and his doctorate in English literature, 1968 at the University of Virginia, where he won the Schubert Playwrighting Fellowship in 1967. He belonged to both the Raven Society and the Society of the Purple Shadows. He spent a year on a Fulbright Grant in London in 1969. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in

masks:
Alexander Louis Theroux
Louis Theroux


title: Alexander Theroux

texts:
 culture, of the intellectually (and especially verbally) careless society that could corrupt them. Were I him, I feel as if I’d want revenge: against lazy readers, against unengaged critics, against risk-averse publishers.But maybe, given what they’re all missing out on, he’s already taking it.”

Alex Kurtagić wrote on his blog in 2009:
“At my wedding, my cousin Pierre remarked upon the fact that when in my teens I used to enjoy reading dictionaries and collecting rare, antique, and obscure words (a criterion that defines my collecting in other areas as well). Several such dictionaries consisted purely of such words, and one of them helpfully illustrated their usage with quotes by modern authors. One of the authors most frequently mentioned was <mask>, who wrote Darconville's Cat (1981) and whose last novel, Laura Warholic, was published in 2007, following twenty years of silence. I presented my wife with a copy of the latter two days before our wedding, and, having only recently begun reading it, she has been sharing with me selected passages, where the author's contemptuous wit has iridesced with particular brilliance.”

Theroux’s work has been published in Esquire, The London Magazine, Antaeus, The New York Times, Harper’s Magazine, The Massachusetts Review, Art & Antiques, Mississippi Review, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Chicago Tribune, and San Diego Reader. His poems have appeared in The Yale Review, The Paris Review, Poetry East, Conjunctions, Graham House Review, The San Diego Reader, Exquisite Corpse, Denver Quarterly, The Literary Quarterly, Urbanus Magazine, Boulevard, The Michigan Quarterly Review, Rain Taxi, Review of Contemporary Fiction, Image, Helicoptero, Seneca Review,


title: Alexander Theroux

texts:
 (2017)

Critical studies
 Jo Allen Bradham, "The American Scholar: From Emerson to <mask>x's Darconville's Cat. Critique 24.4 (Summer 1983): 215-27. Larry McCaffery, "And Still They Smooch: Erotic Visions and Re-visions in Postmodern American Fiction." Revue Française d'Etudes Américaines 9.20 (May 1984): 275-87. Steven Moore, "<mask> Theroux's Darconville's Cat and the Tradition of Learned Wit."Contemporary Literature 27.2 (Summer 1986): 233–45. Michael Pinker, "Cupid and Vindice: The Novels of <mask>roux." Denver Quarterly 24.3 (Winter 1990): 101-24. "<mask>roux/Paul West Number", The Review of Contemporary Fiction 11.1 (Spring 1991): 7-139. Sam Endrigkeit. “‘Do Your Worst’: Maximalism and Intertextuality in <mask>’s Darconville’s Cat." Thesis, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 2015.Steven Moore. <mask>x: A Fan's Notes. Los Angeles: Zerogram Press, 2020. Greg Gerke, "An Adultery." In his See What I See. Los Angeles: Zerogram Press, 2021, 112-16. References

External links
 Short Biography

 Audio of Theroux reading from Laura Warholic
 Radio Interview with Michael Silverblatt, KCRW's Bookworm
 An interview with <mask>x on The Marketplace of Ideas
 Interview from the Review of Contemporary Fiction
 Archives at Harry Ransom Center
 Checklist of Theroux's Writings

20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
Harvard University faculty
1939 births
Living people
20th-century American poets
21st-century American poets
American male poets
American male essayists
<mask>
21st-century essayists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Massachusetts
20th-century American essayists
21st-century American non-fiction

masks:
Alexander Therou
Alexander
Alexander The
Alexander The
Alexander Theroux
Alexander Therou
Alexander Therou
Alexander


title: Luchino Visconti

texts:
<mask>, Count of Lonate Pozzolo (; 2 November 1906 – 17 March 1976) was an Italian filmmaker, stage director, and screenwriter. A major figure of Italian art and culture in the mid-20th century, <mask> was one of the fathers of cinematic neorealism, but later moved towards luxurious, sweeping epics dealing with themes of beauty, decadence, death and European history – especially the decay of the nobility and the bourgeoisie was repeated several times in his films. He was the recipient of many accolades, including the Palme d'Or and the Golden Lion, and many of his works are regarded as highly-influential to future generations of filmmakers. Born to a noble Milanese family, <mask> explored artistic proclivities from an early age, working as an assistant director to Jean Renoir. His 1943 directorial debut, Ossessione, was condemned by the Fascist regime for its unvarnished depictions of working-class characters resorting to criminality, but is today renowned as a pioneering work of Italian cinema. His best-known films include Senso (1954) and The Leopard (1963), both historical melodramas based on Italian literary classics, the gritty drama Rocco and His Brothers (1960), and his "German Trilogy" – The Damned (1969), Death in Venice (1971) and Ludwig (1972). He was also an accomplished stage director of plays and opera, both in Italy and abroad.Early life

<mask> <mask> was born into a prominent noble family in Milan, one of seven children of <mask> di Modrone, Duke of Grazzano Visconti and Count of Lonate Pozzolo, and his wife Carla (née Erba, heiress to Erba Pharmaceuticals). He was formally known as Count don <mask> <mask> di Modrone, and his family is a branch of the Visconti of Milan where they ruled from 1277 to 1447, initially as lords then as dukes. He grew up in the Milanese family seat,

masks:
Luchino Visconti di Modrone
Visconti
Visconti
Luchino
Visconti
Giuseppe Visconti
Luchino
Visconti


title: Luchino Visconti

texts:
 the Palazzo Visconti di Modrone in Via Cerva, as well as on the family estate, Grazzano Visconti Castle near Vigolzone. He was baptized and raised in the Roman Catholic church. After his parents separated in the early 1920s, his mother moved with her younger children, including him, to her own house in Milan, as well as to her summer residence, Villa Erba in Cernobbio on Lake Como. The father, as chamberlain of King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy, also owned a villa in Rome that <mask> later inherited and lived in for decades. In his early years, he was exposed to art, music and theatre: The Palazzo Visconti di Modrone in Milan, where he grew up, had its own small private theater and the children participated in its performances.The family also had their own box in the La Scala opera house. <mask> studied cello with the Italian cellist and composer Lorenzo de Paolis (1890–1965) and met the composer Giacomo Puccini, the conductor Arturo Toscanini and the writer Gabriele D'Annunzio. <mask> found literature by reading Proust's In Search of Lost Time, later a lifelong film project that he never realized. Before he started his film career, he was passionate about training racehorses in his own stable. An engagement concluded in 1935 with Princess Irma of Windisch-Graetz raised concerns with her father, Prince Hugo, whereupon <mask> broke it off. Wartime resistance activity
During World War II, <mask> joined the Italian Communist Party, which he considered to be the only effective opponent of Italian Fascism. While in his early years, at least the aesthetic aspects of the solemn parades of the National Fascist Party, marching in columns in boots and uniform, had impressed him, he had now come to hate the Mussolini regime.He accused the bourgeoisie of treason to tyranny, and following the Badoglio

masks: Luchino Luchino Visconti Visconti Visconti


title: Luchino Visconti

texts:
 Proclamation, began working with the Italian resistance. He supported the communists' partisan fight at risk of death; his villa in Rome became a meeting place for oppositional artists. After the king's flight in autumn 1943 and the intervention of the Germans, he went into hiding in the mountains, at Settefrati, under the nom de guerre Alfredo Guidi. <mask> helped English and American prisoners of war hide after they had escaped, and also gave shelter to partisans in his house in Rome, with the help of actress María Denis. After the German occupation of Rome in April 1944, <mask> was arrested and detained by the anti-partisan Pietro Koch and sentenced to execution by firing squad. He was only saved from death by Denis' last-minute intervention. After the war, <mask> testified against Koch, who was himself convicted and executed.Career

Films
He began his film-making career as an set dresser on Jean Renoir's Partie de campagne (1936) through the intercession of their common friend Coco Chanel. After a short tour of the United States, where he visited Hollywood, he returned to Italy to be Renoir's assistant again, this time for Tosca (1941), a production that was interrupted and later completed by German director Karl Koch. Together with Roberto Rossellini, <mask> joined the salotto of Vittorio Mussolini (the son of Benito, who was then the national arbitrator for cinema and other arts). Here he presumably also met Federico Fellini. With Gianni Puccini, Antonio Pietrangeli and Giuseppe De Santis, he wrote the screenplay for his first film as director: Ossessione (Obsession, 1943), one of the first neorealist movies and an unofficial adaptation of the novel The Postman Always Rings Twice. In 1948, he wrote and directed La terra trema (The Earth Trembles), based on the novel I Malavoglia by

masks: Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti


title: Luchino Visconti

texts: Giovanni Verga. <mask> continued working throughout the 1950s, but he veered away from the neorealist path with his 1954 film, Senso, shot in colour.Based on the novella by Camillo Boito, it is set in Austrian-occupied Venice in 1866. In this film, <mask> combines realism and romanticism as a way to break away from neorealism. However, as one biographer notes, "Visconti without neorealism is like Lang without expressionism and Eisenstein without formalism". He describes the film as the "most Viscontian" of all <mask>'s films. <mask> returned to neorealism once more with Rocco e i suoi fratelli (Rocco and His Brothers, 1960), the story of Southern Italians who migrate to Milan hoping to find financial stability. In 1961, he was a member of the jury at the 2nd Moscow International Film Festival. Throughout the 1960s, <mask>'s films became more personal.Il Gattopardo (The Leopard, 1963) is based on Lampedusa's novel of the same name about the decline of the Sicilian aristocracy at the time of the Risorgimento, where the change of times becomes visible in two of the main characters: Don Fabrizio Corbera, Prince of Salina (Burt Lancaster) appears patriarchal but humane, while Don Calogero Sedara (Paolo Stoppa), a shrewd entrepreneur and social climber from the village, appears submissive, but foxy and brutal at the same time, a mafia-like type of the future. The tension arises from the marriage of their relatives of the next generation, combined with the fall of the old Bourbon rule and the rise of a united Italy. This film was distributed in America and Britain by Twentieth-Century Fox, which deleted important scenes. <mask> repudiated the Twentieth-Century Fox version. It was not until The Damned (1969) that <mask> received a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay. The film,

masks: Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti


title: Luchino Visconti

texts:
 one of <mask>'s better-known works, concerns a German industrialist's family which begins to disintegrate during the Nazi consolidation of power in the 1930s. The film opened to widespread critical acclaim, but also faced controversy from ratings boards for its sexual content, including depictions of homosexuality, pedophilia, rape, and incest.In the United States, the film was given an X rating. The avant-garde filmmaker Rainer Werner Fassbinder praised it as his favorite movie. Its decadence and lavish beauty are characteristic of <mask>'s aesthetic − very visible also in the movie Death in Venice (1971) that processed the daring novella Death in Venice published in 1912 by Thomas Mann. <mask>'s final film was The Innocent (1976), in which he returns to his recurring interest in infidelity and betrayal. Theatre

<mask> was also a celebrated theatre and opera director. During the years 1946 to 1960 he directed many performances of the Rina Morelli-Paolo Stoppa Company with actor Vittorio Gassman as well as many celebrated productions of operas. <mask>'s love of opera is evident in the 1954 Senso, where the beginning of the film shows scenes from the fourth act of Il trovatore, which were filmed at the Teatro La Fenice in Venice.Beginning when he directed a production at Milan's Teatro alla Scala of La vestale in December 1954, his career included a famous revival of La traviata at La Scala in 1955 with Maria Callas and an equally famous Anna Bolena (also at La Scala) in 1957 with Callas. A significant 1958 Royal Opera House (London) production of Verdi's five-act Italian version of Don Carlos (with Jon Vickers) followed, along with a Macbeth in Spoleto in 1958 and a famous black-and-white Il trovatore with scenery and costumes by Filippo Sanjust at the Royal Opera House in 1964. In 1966

masks: Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti


title: Luchino Visconti

texts:
 <mask>'s luscious Falstaff for the Vienna State Opera conducted by Leonard Bernstein was critically acclaimed. On the other hand, his austere 1969 Simon Boccanegra with the singers clothed in geometrical costumes provoked controversy. Filmmaking style and themes
In the aftermath of World War II he became one of the founding fathers of the Italian neorealistic film movement that focused on challenging economic and conditions, and how it affected the psyche of the underclass. <mask> himself came from nobility, highly educated and never in financial lack. His films thusly reflected that tension.In fact <mask> said he felt he came from a world long ago, that of the previous (19th) century. In the film The Leopard, he addressed the decline of an old social order and the rise of “modern times”. He did not see his opulent flashbacks as an escape into imaginary, lost worlds, but saw them as the deciphering of signs. He wanted to put his finger on the signs of profound historical changes that will only become visible later. He searched world literature for relevant works to show the discrepancies between generations and their world views, as a task of realism in art. When he was accused of decadence, he recalled Thomas Mann and his way of creating art. Personal life
In later years, <mask> made no secret of his homosexuality, though he remained a devout Catholic throughout his life."I am a Catholic," he commented in 1971. "I was born a Catholic, I was baptized a Catholic. I cannot change what I am, I cannot easily become a Protestant. My ideas may be unorthodox, but I am still a Catholic." While his first 3-years-relationship from 1936, with the photographer
Horst P. Horst, remained discreet because of the circumstances of the time, he later showed up openly in the company of his lovers, among them


title: Luchino Visconti

texts:
 the director and producer Franco Zeffirelli and the actor Udo Kier. His last lover was the Austrian actor Helmut Berger, who played Martin in <mask>'s film The Damned. Berger also appeared in <mask>'s Ludwig in 1973 and Conversation Piece in 1974, along with Burt Lancaster.Zeffirelli also worked as part of the crew in production design, as assistant director, and other roles in a number of <mask>'s films, operas, and theatrical productions. According to <mask>'s autobiography, he and Umberto II of Italy had a romantic relationship during their youth in the 1920s. <mask> was hostile to the Protests of 1968 and didn't even try to follow the movement and adopt the airs of a youth, like Alberto Moravia or Pier Paolo Pasolini did. In his view the protesters sought change for the sake of destruction without building something new. Disgusted, he looked at the young people in their enthusiasm, outbursts of anger, parties and tumults, their abstract speeches, their confused juggling with Mao, Marx and Che Guevara. They saw him as a symbol of reaction, a member of the mandarin caste. The emerging radical-left terrorism in Italy frightened him and made him fear the rise of a new fascism.Health issues and death

<mask> smoked 120 cigarettes a day. He suffered a heavy stroke in 1972, but continued to smoke heavily. He died in Rome of another stroke at the age of sixty-nine on 17 March 1976. There is a museum dedicated to the director's work in Ischia where he had his summer residence La Colombaia. Work

Filmography

Feature films

Other films
 , documentary, 1945
 Appunti su un fatto di cronaca, short film, 1951
 Siamo donne (We, the Women), 1953, episode Anna Magnani
 Boccaccio '70, 1962, based on the episode Il lavoro in Boccaccio's Decameron
 Le streghe (The Witches), 1967, episode La strega bruciata

masks: Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti Visconti


title: Luchino Visconti

texts:
 viva
 , TV movie, 1970

Opera

References
Notes

Sources
 Ardoin, John, The Callas Legacy, London: Duckworth, 1977
 Bacon, Henry, Visconti: Explorations of Beauty and Decay, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998
 Düttmann, Alexander García, Visconti: Insights into Flesh and Blood, translated by Robert Savage, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009
 Glasenapp, Jörg (ed. ): <mask> <mask> (= Film-Konzepte, vol. 48).Munich: edition text + kritik 2017. Iannello, Silvia, Le immagini e le parole dei Malavoglia Roma: Sovera, 2008 (in Italian)
 Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey, <mask> <mask>. London: British Film Institute, 2003. Visconti bibliography, University of California Library, Berkeley. Retrieved 7 November 2011. Schifano, Laurence: <mask> <mask> (biography, in French), Paris 1987 (German translation: <mask> <mask>, Fürst des Films, Gernsbach 1988)
 Viscontiana: <mask> Visconti e il melodramma verdiano, Milan: Edizioni Gabriele Mazzotta, 2001. A catalog for an exhibition in Parma of artifacts relating to Visconti's productions of operas by Verdi, curated by Caterina d'Amico de Carvalho, in Italian.External links

Biography, Filmography and More on <mask> <mask>
British Film Institute: "<mask> <mask>": filmography
Hutchison, Alexander, "<mask> <mask>'s Death in Venice", Literature/Film Quarterly, v. 2, 1974. (In-Depth Analysis of Death in Venice). 1906 births
1976 deaths
Bisexual men
Bisexual artists
Directors of Palme d'Or winners
Directors of Golden Lion winners
Giallo film directors
Luchino 2
Italian nobility
Italian film directors
Italian communists
Italian Marxists
Italian Roman Catholics
Italian opera directors
LGBT Roman Catholics
LGBT theatre directors
LGBT writers from Italy
David di Donatello winners
Nastro d'Argento winners
Deaths from cerebrovascular disease
Theatre people from

masks: Luchino Visconti Luchino Visconti Luchino Visconti Luchino Visconti Luchino Luchino Visconti Luchino Visconti Luchino Visconti


title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
<mask> (born 3 May 1986) is an English professional snooker player. In October 2018, <mask> won his first ranking title at the 2018 European Masters, defeating Joe Perry 9–6 in the final, despite never previously having gone beyond the quarter-finals of a ranking event. <mask> also holds the record for the most points scored in a frame in professional competition, scoring 178 against Lee Walker at the 2021 Scottish Open. Career

2002–2011
He was on the main tour for 2002–03 where he was the youngest player on the tour. He qualified for the main tour again in 2007–08, by becoming the number One Ranked English Amateur, through winning the EASB (English Governing Body) pro-Ticket Tour Rankings. <mask> also won the EASB Pro-Ticket tour for a second time in April 2009, to finish as England's Number one Amateur for the second time, which guaranteed him a place on the World Snookers main Professional tour for the third time for the 2009/10 season. He also added the English Amateur Championships to his portfolio of victories, by beating David Craggs 9–8.His third return to the professional main tour ranks in 2009/10, saw him rise up the ranks, to number 63 in the world. He got off to a terrific start in the first event, the Shanghai Masters, where he won his first three qualifiers, and then faced former world champion Graeme Dott. Despite taking a 4–1 lead, <mask> lost 4–5. In the 2010/11, <mask> continued to rise up the rankings. He also qualified for the main draw of a ranking event for the first time, at the 2011 World Snooker Championship. He defeated Xiao Guodong, Tony Drago, and former world champion Ken Doherty to

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Robertson
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Robertson


title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
 qualify for his Crucible debut. He won the first frame of his first round match against Mark Selby only to lose the match 10–1.2011–12 season
<mask> qualified for one ranking event in the 2011–12 season, the World Open, thanks to wins over Andrew Norman, Ken Doherty and Rory McLeod, before seeing off amateur Zhou Yuelong in the wildcard round at the event in Haikou, China. In the first round of the event proper he played Mark Allen and was beaten 1–5, with the Northern Irishman later going on to win the tournament. <mask> reached the semi-finals of Event 7 of the minor-ranking Players Tour Championship series, where he lost 0–4 to Matthew Stevens. He played in 11 out of 12 of these events, also picking up a last 16 finish in Event 4 to be placed 31st on the PTC Order of Merit, just outside the top 24 who made the Finals. <mask> finished the season ranked world number 55, inside the top 64 who automatically retained their places for the 2012–13 season. 2012–13 season
<mask> qualified for two ranking events during the 2012/2013 season. The first of these was the Shanghai Masters by beating Tian Pengfei, Jack Lisowski and Anthony Hamilton, but he was defeated 4–5 by Jin Long in the wildcard round in Shanghai.His second appearance at a ranking event was at the China Open by seeing off Robbie Williams and Joe Perry in qualifying and this time came through the wildcard round with a 5–1 defeat of Wang Yuchen, compiling his highest competitive break of 142 in the process He faced <mask> in the last 32 and was whitewashed 0–5. <mask> had a consistent season in the ten Players Tour Championship events, with his best result

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Neil Robertson
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title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
 being a last 16 loss to Andrew Higginson in the Scottish Open, to finish 45th on the PTC Order of Merit. <mask>'s season ended when he was beaten 3–10 by Liang Wenbo in the third round of World Championship Qualifying, to be placed world number 52 in the rankings. 2013–14 season
He began the 2013–14 season by qualifying for the Wuxi Classic and whitewashed Graeme Dott 5–0 in the first round, before losing 5–4 to Scott Donaldson in the last 32. <mask> lost in the last 64 of four other ranking events during the season. He had a very good season in the European Tour events as he reached the quarter-finals of the Bulgarian Open where he was beaten 4–2 by <mask>. <mask> had a very eventful tournament at the Bluebell Wood Open as Stuart Bingham made a 72 break in the deciding frame of their second round match, before <mask> cleared the table with a 73 break to win.In the last 16 he came back from 3–0 against Vinnie Calabrese to triumph 4–3 and reach another quarter-final, where Ding Junhui defeated him 4–1. <mask> finished 20th on the Order of Merit which saw him qualify for the Finals for the first time in his career, but he lost 4–2 to John Higgins in the opening round. 2014–15 season
<mask> played at the venue stage of eight ranking tournaments this year, the most he has reached in any one season. However, he was unable to win past the last 32 in any of them. He had another good season in the minor-ranking Players Tour Championship events, losing in the semi-finals of the Asian Tour's Haining City Open 4–3 to Oliver Lines which saw him finish eighth on the Order of Merit. His other semi-final came on the European

masks:
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title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
 Tour at the Gdynia Open where he was whitewashed 4–0 by Mark Williams. <mask> was ranked 15th on their Order of Merit.He qualified for his second World Championship by edging Xiao Guodong 10–9 on the final pink. <mask> made a 106 break to level his first round tie with Marco Fu at 5–5, but would go on to lose 10–6. His ranking of 41st in the world was the highest <mask> had finished a season at that point in his career. 2015–16 season
At the Haining Open, <mask> reached the semi-finals by knocking out Xiao Guodong and Thepchaiya Un-Nooh from the fourth round stage, but he lost 4–2 to Ding Junhui. He reached the last 16 of a ranking event for the first time in his career by beating Darryl Hill 6–2 and Barry Hawkins 6–4 at the International Championship and then lost 6–3 to Marco Fu. <mask> saw off Michael Wild 4–3 and Michael Holt 4–1 in reaching the third round of the Welsh Open, where he was thrashed 4–0 by Ronnie O'Sullivan. He lost 5–1 to Judd Trump in the second round of the China Open and 10–2 to Alan McManus in the last round of World Championship qualifying.<mask>'s end of season ranking of 34 is the highest he has ever finished a year in his career. 2016–17 season
<mask> reached the last 16 of a ranking event for the second time by beating Dechawat Poomjaeng 4–0 and Martin O'Donnell 4–3 at the Riga Masters and was defeated 4–1 by John Astley. He also recorded the event's high break of 138. <mask> was thrashed 5–0 by Shaun Murphy in the second round of the World Open after he had eliminated Wang Yuchen 5–1 in the opener. He won through to the third round of both the UK Championship and Welsh Open, but

masks: Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson


title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
 failed to pick up a frame in losses to Oliver Lines and Scott Donaldson respectively. <mask> defeated Cao Yupeng 10–8, Oliver Lines 10–4 and Rod Lawler 10–6 to qualify for the World Championship and played Mark Allen in the opening round. In a close match he was edged out 10–8.2017–18 season
With his partner Hayley due to give birth to their second child, <mask> withdrew from the 2017 Riga Masters. He also spoke about how he had been frustrated with his performances in big matches and had been working with a sports psychologist during the World Championship to help him prepare for the season ahead. His best performance in the first half of the season was reaching the last 16 of the 2017 World Open, where he lost 5–1 to Mark Williams. However he did reach the quarter-finals of a ranking event for the first time at the 2018 German Masters. After qualifying victories over Rhys Clark and Peter Lines, he defeated defending champion Anthony Hamilton 5–1 in the last 32 and Gary Wilson 5-3 in the last 16 before losing out to Williams 5–3. After losing in the opening round of the next five ranking events, he once again came through qualifying for the World Championship, defeating Alex Borg 10–2, Sam Baird 10–7 and Michael White 10–7. Making his fourth Crucible appearance, it was eventual tournament winner Williams who defeated him with a 10–5 victory in the first round.2018–19 season: first ranking title

<mask> had an up and down start to the 2018–19 snooker season, failing to qualify for the Riga Masters, World Open and China Championship, but reached the last 16 at the Paul Hunter Classic where he lost 4–0 to Jack

masks: Robertson Robertson Robertson


title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
 Lisowski. At the European Masters, <mask> unexpectedly won the tournament and his first ranking title. After defeating Andy Lee 4–3 in qualifying, at the main stages of the tournament in Lommel, Belgium, his first three matches were also won in a deciding frame (4–3 victories against Zhang Yong, Zhou Yuelong and Anthony McGill respectively). He defeated Mark Allen 4–2 in the quarter-finals and Mark King 6–4 in the semi-finals to set up a final against Joe Perry, who had won one ranking event previously. In the first session <mask> raced into a 5–0 lead before Perry recovered to 5–3. In the second session <mask> went 7–3 ahead before Perry once again won three frames in a row to close the gap to 7–6. <mask> then managed to win the remaining two frames (with a century in the last frame) to win the match 9–6.Due to his victory, <mask> received an entry to the Champion of Champions for the first time. Drawn against Shaun Murphy in the opening round, he lost 4–2. The boost to his seasons's ranking points also helped him to qualify for the Players Championship for the first time in its current format; he was whitewashed 6–0 by reigning world champion Judd Trump in the first round. In the first round of qualifying for the World Championship, <mask> recorded a rare whitewash of his own with a 10–0 victory over Chen Feilong; he then lost in the second round of qualifying 9–10 to Joe O'Connor. 2019–20 season
Despite starting the season ranked 24th in the world, <mask> could not build on his success of the previous season during 2019–20 as he failed to advance beyond the last 32 of a ranking event in the first half of the

masks: Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson


title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
 season until the 2019 Scottish Open, where he reached the last 16 before losing 4–0 to eventual tournament winner Mark Selby. The furthest he advanced in a ranking tournament that season was at the 2020 Gibraltar Open where he was defeated in the quarter-finals 4–3 by Xiao Guodong in a tournament seriously effected by the emerging COVID-19 pandemic. At the re-scheduled qualifying for the World Championship, <mask> lost 6–4 to Ashley Carty in the first round.2020–21 season
During the 2020–21 season which was played almost entirely behind closed doors, <mask> endured a nightmare run of results, losing in the opening round on five occasions and leaving his place on the tour in jeopardy; his best finish was at the 2020 English Open where he reached the last 32 before losing 4–1 to John Higgins. After reaching a career high ranking of 21st in March 2019, <mask> was ranked 61st before entering qualifying for the World Championship, and failure to win and results going against him could have resulted in <mask> dropping out of the top 64 in the rankings and being relegated from the tour. He faced Zhao Jianbo in the first round of qualifying and after trailing 3–0, won 6–5. Despite losing by the same scoreline to Lu Ning in the next round, the win was enough to narrowly maintain his place on the tour, finishing the season ranked 63rd. <mask> later revealed that working with a mind coach on his mental approach had helped him to get over the line in his decisive match and that he had "belief" in his ability going forward. 2021–22 season
<mask> began the season with advancing to the second group phase of the Championship

masks: Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson Robertson


title: Jimmy Robertson (snooker player)

texts:
 League. He then reached the second ranking semi-final of his career at the 2021 British Open where he lost 4–1 to eventual winner Mark Williams.After a narrow 4–3 defeat to Judd Trump at the 2021 Northern Ireland Open in the last 16, he reached the quarter-final of the 2021 World Grand Prix where he was defeated 5–2 by Ronnie O'Sullivan. Personal life
<mask> has two children with his partner Hayley and owns O'Sullivan's Snooker & Pool Club in his hometown of Bexhill-on-Sea, East Sussex. He is a close friend and practice partner of fellow professional Mark Davis. Performance and rankings timeline

Career finals

Ranking finals: 1 (1 title)

Amateur finals: 1 (1 title)

References

External links

<mask> at worldsnooker.com
Player profile on Global Snooker

1986 births
Living people
English snooker players
People from

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title: 50 Cent

texts: Curtis James Jackson III (born July 6, 1975), known professionally as <mask>nt, is an American rapper, actor and entrepreneur. Known for his impact in the hip hop industry, he has been described as a "master of the nuanced art of lyrical brevity". Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, Jackson began selling drugs at age 12 during the 1980s crack epidemic. He later began pursuing a musical career and in 2000 he produced Power of the Dollar for Columbia Records, but days before the planned release he was shot and the album was never released. In 2002, after <mask>m and signed to Shady Records, under the aegis of Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records. With the aid of Eminem and Dr. Dre (who produced his first major-label album Get Rich or Die Tryin'), <mask>nt became one of the world's best selling rappers and rose to prominence as de facto leader of East Coast hip hop group G-Unit. In 2003, he founded G-Unit Records, signing his G-Unit associates Young Buck, Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo.<mask> had similar commercial and critical success with his second album, The Massacre, which was released in 2005. He underwent musical changes by his fifth album, Animal Ambition (2014), and is currently working on his sixth studio album. He executive-produced and starred in the television series Power (2014–2020) and is slated to produce its spin-offs. <mask>nt has sold over 30 million albums worldwide and won several awards, including a Grammy Award, thirteen Billboard Music Awards, six World Music Awards, three American Music Awards and four BET Awards. As an actor, Jackson appeared

masks:
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title: 50 Cent

texts:
 in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005), the war film Home of the Brave (2006), and the crime thriller film Righteous Kill (2008). <mask> was ranked the sixth-best artist of the 2000s and the third-best rapper (behind Eminem and Nelly) by Billboard. Rolling Stone ranked Get Rich or Die Tryin and "In da Club" in its lists of the "100 Best Albums of the 2000s" and "100 Best Songs of the 2000s" at numbers 37 and 13, respectively.Early life
Jackson was born in the borough of Queens, New York City, and raised in its South Jamaica neighborhood by his mother Sabrina. A drug dealer, Sabrina raised Jackson until she died in a fire when Jackson was 8. (online is excerpt only) Jackson revealed in an interview that his mother was a lesbian. After his mother's death and his father's departure, Jackson was raised by his grandmother. He began boxing at about age 11, and when he was 14, a neighbor opened a boxing gym for local youth. "When I wasn't killing time in school, I was sparring in the gym or selling crack on the strip," Jackson remembered. He sold crack during primary school."I was competitive in the ring and hip-hop is competitive too ... I think rappers condition themselves like boxers, so they all kind of feel like they're the champ." At age 12, Jackson began dealing narcotics when his grandparents thought he was in after-school programs and brought guns and drug money to school. In the tenth grade, he was caught by metal detectors at Andrew Jackson High School: "I was embarrassed that I got arrested like that ... After I got arrested I stopped hiding it. I was telling my


title: 50 Cent

texts:
 of Shady Records A&R said that Jackson used the mixtape circuit to his advantage: "He took all the hottest beats from every artist and flipped them with better hooks. They then got into all the markets on the mixtapes and all the mixtape DJs were messing with them." Jackson's popularity increased, and in 2002 he released the mixtape Guess Who's Back?. He then released 50 Cent Is the Future backed by G-Unit, a mixtape revisiting material by Jay-Z and Raphael Saadiq. ===2002–2007: Mainstream breakthrough, Get Rich or Die Tryin''', and The Massacre===

In 2002, Eminem heard Jackson's Guess Who's Back?CD, received from Jackson's attorney (who was working with Eminem's manager, Paul Rosenberg). Impressed, Eminem invited Jackson to fly to Los Angeles and introduced him to Dr. Dre. After signing a $1 million record deal, Jackson released No Mercy, No Fear. The mixtape featured one new track, "Wanksta", which appeared on Eminem's 8 Mile soundtrack. Jackson was also signed by Chris Lighty's Violator Management and Sha Money XL's Money Management Group. <mask> Cent released his debut album, Get Rich or Die Tryin' (described by AllMusic as "probably the most hyped debut album by a rap artist in about a decade"), in February 2003. Rolling Stone noted its "dark synth grooves, buzzy keyboards and a persistently funky bounce", with Jackson complementing the production in "an unflappable, laid-back flow".It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 872,000 copies in its first four days. The lead single, "In da Club" (noted by The Source for its "blaring horns, funky organs, guitar riffs and sparse


title: 50 Cent

texts:
 hand claps"), set a Billboard record as the most listened-to song in radio history within a week. Interscope gave Jackson his own label, G-Unit Records, in 2003. He signed Lloyd Banks, Tony Yayo and Young Buck as members of G-Unit, and The Game was later signed in a joint venture with Dr. Dre's Aftermath Entertainment. In March 2005, 50 Cent's second commercial album, The Massacre, sold 1.14 million copies in its first four days (the highest in an abbreviated sales cycle) and was number one on the Billboard 200 for six weeks. He was the first solo artist with three singles in the Billboard top five in the same week with "Candy Shop", "Disco Inferno" and "How We Do". According to Rolling Stone, "50's secret weapon is his singing voice - the deceptively amateur-sounding tenor croon that he deploys on almost every chorus".After The Game's departure Jackson signed Olivia and rap veterans Mobb Deep to G-Unit Records, with Spider Loc, M.O.P., 40 Glocc and Young Hot Rod later joining the label, who all eventually departed the label.Chery, Carl (May 27, 2005). Pulse Report: M.O.P. Signs to G-Unit . SOHH. Retrieved June 22, 2007. Jackson expressed an interest in working with rappers other than G-Unit, such as Lil' Scrappy of BME, LL Cool J of Def Jam, Mase of Bad Boy and Freeway of Roc-A-Fella, and recorded with several. 2007–2010: Curtis, sales battle with Kanye West, and Before I Self Destruct
In September 2007, <mask> Cent released his third album, Curtis, which was inspired by his life before Get Rich or Die Tryin.It debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, selling 691,000 copies during its first


title: 50 Cent

texts: be clear in the negotiations following me turning this actual album in. And, of course, the performance and how they actually treat the work will determine whether you still want to stay in that position or not." On June 20, 2011, Jackson announced the release of Before I Self Destruct II after his fifth album. Although he planned to shoot a music video for the fifth album's lead single, "I'm On It", on June 26 the video was never filmed. Jackson told Shade45, "I did four songs in Detroit with Eminem. I did two with Just Blaze, a Boi-1da joint, and I did something with Alex da Kid. We made two that are definite singles and the other two are the kinds of records that we been making, more aimed at my core audience, more aggressive, more of a different kind of energy to it."He released "Street King Energy Track #7" in September 2011 to promote Street King, his charity-based energy drink. An announcement that Jackson was shooting a music video for "Girls Go Wild", the fifth-album lead single featuring Jeremih, was made on September 28, 2011.Music Video News: IN PRODUCTION: 50 Cent f/ Jeremih – Colin Tilley . Video Static (September 28, 2011). Retrieved on October 25, 2011. Jackson's fifth album, Street King Immortal, was initially scheduled for a summer 2012 release and postponed until November 13. Disagreements with Interscope Records about its release and promotion led to its temporary cancellation. Its first promo single, "New Day" with Dr. Dre and Alicia Keys, was released on July 27.The song was produced by Dr. Dre, mixed by Eminem and written by <mask>nt, Alicia Keys, Royce da 5'9" and Dr.


title: 50 Cent

texts:
 and negative [for Animal Ambition]." 2015–present: Street King Immortal, bankruptcy, and departure from Interscope

On May 14, 2015, Jackson revealed in an interview that the first single from Street King Immortal, would be previewed Memorial Day weekend and would likely be released in June. Jackson released "Get Low" on May 20, 2015, as the intended first single from his sixth studio album, Street King Immortal. The song, produced by Remo the Hitmaker, features vocals from fellow American rappers 2 Chainz and T.I., as well as American singer Jeremih. He announced bankruptcy on July 13, 2015. On March 31, 2017, Interscope Records released <mask> Cent's final album for the label, a greatest hits album titled Best Of.<mask> Cent was among hundreds of artists whose material was destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire. In 2020, Jackson led the executive-producer duties for late rapper Pop Smoke's debut album, Shoot for the Stars, Aim for the Moon, having been one of Pop Smoke's biggest inspirations. The album was released on July 3, 2020. Jackson curated the album, desiring to finish it after Pop had died. He contacted many of the artists involved, and also features on one of the album tracks, "The Woo", which became a top ten single. In 2020, it was reported that Jackson was producing two television series for Starz, an anthology about hip hop and a biographical drama about sports agent Nicole Lynn. In 2021, he became one of the headliners of the music festival Golden Sand in Riviera Maya.In a July 2021 interview with The Independent, <mask>nt confirmed that he had officially decided to shelve his


title: 50 Cent

texts:
 Street King Immortal album after it spent a decade in development hell. He even confirmed that he plans to release a completely new project. In August 2021, he was confirmed to be starring in the upcoming The Expendables film. On February 13, 2022, <mask>nt was a surprise performer in the Super Bowl LVI Halftime Show. Awards

Artistry
Jackson cites Boogie Down Productions, Big Daddy Kane, The Juice Crew, EPMD and KRS-One as his rapping influences, while citing LL Cool J as an inspiration behind his writing of "21 Questions". Jackson also states that he drew influences from Nas, Rakim and The Notorious B.I.G. while working on Animal Ambition.Business ventures
Jackson has had a highly successful business career. He is financially invested in a highly diversified variety of industries. Jackson is now involved in artist and talent management, record, television, and film production, footwear, apparel, fragrances, liquor, video games, mobile apps, book publishing, headphones, along with health drinks and dietary supplements. His broad business and investment portfolio contains investments in a variety of sectors including real estate, financial market investments, mining, boxing promotion, vodka, fragrances, consumer electronics and fashion. He established his own record label G-Unit Records in 2003 following his mainstream success. In November 2003, he signed a five-year deal with Reebok to distribute a G-Unit Sneakers line for his G-Unit Clothing Company.Leeds, Jeff (December 26, 2004). $50 Million for 50 Cent .The New York Times. Retrieved June 9, 2007. In an interview, Jackson said his


title: 50 Cent

texts:
 murder of Jam Master Jay and Jackson's shooting. An excerpt read:

The end of the Jackson-Ja Rule feud was confirmed in May 2011. According to Ja Rule, "I'm cool.We ain't beefing no more. We'll never collaborate. That's just what it is. You don't have to be at war with somebody, but it's also kind of like U.S. and another country that they may not get along with. We don't gotta go to war, but we're not friends either. But we can coincide inside of a world. He's doing him, and he's not thinking about me, and I'm doing me and I'm not thinking about him."On August 7, 2015, the feud between the two rappers later reignited when Ja Rule gave a feedback to a social follower via Twitter over a similar feud between Meek Mill and Drake. Enraged, Jackson later responded with photos and comments via Instagram, only siding with Drake. The feud resurfaced three years later on January 19, 2018, when Ja Rule took to Twitter, calling out <mask> Cent on social media. <mask> Cent responded by purchasing and vacating the first four rows of his concert. The Game
Although Jackson was close to The Game before the latter released his debut album, The Documentary, they grew apart. After The Documentarys release, Jackson felt that The Game was disloyal for saying that he did not want to participate in G-Unit's feuds with other rappers (such as Nas, Jadakiss and Fat Joe) and his desire to work with artists with which G-Unit was feuding. He said that he wrote six songs for the album and did not receive proper credit, which The Game denied.Jackson later dismissed The Game from G-Unit on Hot 97. After the announcement, The


title: 50 Cent

texts: Dr. Dre to fire him). G-Unit member Spider Loc has insulted The Game in songs, and the latter released "240 Bars (Spider Joke)" and "100 Bars (The Funeral)" attacking G-Unit and Loc. Jackson's response was "Not Rich, Still Lyin'", mocking The Game. Lloyd Banks replied to the Game on a Rap City freestyle-booth segment, followed by a Game "diss" song ("SoundScan") ridiculing the 13-position drop of Banks' album Rotten Apple on the Billboard 200 chart and its disappointing second-week sales. Banks replied on his mixtape Mo' Money In The Bank Pt. 5: Gang Green Season Continues with "Showtime (The Game's Over)", said that Jackson wrote half of The Documentary and ridiculed The Game's suicidal thoughts.In October 2006, The Game made a peace overture (which was not immediately answered) to Jackson, but two days later he said on Power 106 that the peace offer was valid for only one day. In several songs on Doctor's Advocate, he implied that the feud was over. He said in July 2009 that the feud had ended with help from Michael Jackson and Diddy, and apologized for his actions. According to Tony Yayo, neither Jackson nor G-Unit accepted his apology and The Game has resumed his calls for a "G-Unot" boycott at concerts. Jackson released "So Disrespectful" on Before I Self Destruct, targeting Jay-Z, The Game and Young Buck. The Game responded with "Shake", poking fun at the music video for Jackson's "Candy Shop". On August 1, 2016, <mask> Cent ended his twelve-year feud with The Game when the two were in the Ace of Diamonds Strip Club and The Game said "What happened, that shit was 12 years ago."Rick


title: 50 Cent

texts: members Kidd Kidd, Mike Knox, Tony Yayo were seen on video attacking Gunplay (a member of Ross' Maybach Music Group). Gunplay's Maybach Music diamond necklace was stolen during the brawl, and several days later Jackson appeared at a Washington, D.C. bowling alley wearing Gunplay's chain. On January 30, 2013, Jackson tweeted that Ross' attempted drive-by shooting on his birthday three days earlier was "staged". On August 9, 2020, <mask> Cent and Rick Ross ended their


title: Andrei Molodkin

texts:
<mask> (born 1966) is a Russian born conceptual artist living and working in Paris, France. Biography
<mask> was born in Buy, Kostroma Oblast, a small town in North-Western Russia. He served in the Soviet Army for two years from 1985-7 transporting missiles across Siberia. He later graduated from the Architecture and Interior design department at the Stroganov Moscow State University of Arts and Industry in 1992. Work and career
<mask>'s practise comprises drawing, sculpture and installation. His drawings are made in ball-point pen, an implement that references his experiences in the Soviet Military "where soldiers would receive two Bics a day to write letters", they are often "laboriously drawn replicas of mass-media images". His sculptures and installations often employ materials techniques and practices common in engineering "<mask> creates a complex mechanical system consisting of air compressors, cast-iron pumps, and plastic tubing" that pump liquids (most commonly blood and/or crude oil) around hollowed perspex replicas of sculptures and architecture, as well as politically loaded words and phrases.According to Douglas Rogers, author of 'The Depths of Russia: Oil, Power and Culture After Socialism', "His [<mask>] work draws attention to the technical systems that channel political and economic configurations and to the ways in which words, concepts and spaces can be colored, inflected, shaped and filled by their associations with oil." In 2009 <mask> was invited to participate in the Russian Pavilion of the 53rd Venice Bienale, the exhibition was named 'Victory Over

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title: Andrei Molodkin

texts: The Future'. For the Pavilion <mask> submitted his 2009 work 'Le Rouge et le Noir', a multimedia installation that featured a two hollow acrylic block replicas of the statue of  Nike of Samothrace, a Hellenistic sculpture on permanent display at the Louvre depicting Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The installation featured the blood of a Russian soldier and veteran of the Chechen War being mixed, using a system of pumps, with Chechen oil inside the cavities of the blocks. The piece was deemed too controversial leading to the pavilion's curator removing the description of the piece from display. A 2013 exhibition by <mask> in the Void Gallery in Derry entitled 'Catholic Blood'  was created specifically for the context of Derry and Northern Ireland. 'Catholic Blood' tapped into contentious historical divides in Ireland, as its subject is based in the Catholic Relief Act of 1829 and a particular clause of the British constitution that reportedly forbids any MP from advising the sovereign on ecclesiastical matters if they are of the Catholic faith, though this was disputed by Dr Bob Morris, an expert in constitutional affairs at University College London.<mask> correctly asserted, "Yes, but there have been no Catholic prime ministers, perhaps when we talk about it we will get one." The work was controversial in its choice of materials which consisted of blood donated by local Catholics, a specification that was met with resistance. The project required the participation of the public, thirty-six people came forward to donate their blood, including the son of a Catholic

masks: Molodkin Molodkin Molodkin


title: Andrei Molodkin

texts:
 Priest. The piece was constructed from hollowed acrylic blocks, mirroring the rose window of the Palace of Westminster. A pharmaceutical fridge contained samples of donated human blood and an industrial compressor pumped this blood through the cavity of the rose window in the acrylic block. This was simultaneously filmed and projected onto the gallery walls. <mask>, reflecting on the exhibition and the vociferous reaction, stated: "Some people were angry that I hadn't used both Catholic and Protestant blood.They felt cheated that I had only chosen to use Catholic blood. It was never my intention to mix religions - the intensity is in the separation. He currently lives and works between the French capital, Paris, and Maubourguet in Southern France. His work is held in a number of significant public and private collections, including the Tate national collection. Solo exhibitions

2014
Transformer No.M208, Ducal Palace, Genova. 2013
Immigrant Blood, Patricia Dorfmann Gallery, Paris. Catholic Blood, Void Gallery, Londonderry.Post-Utopian Simulacrum, Wooson Gallery, Daegu. Crude, American University Museum, Washington, D.C.

2012
Liquid Black, Museum Villa Stuck, Munich. 2011
Crude, Station Museum of Contemporary Art, Houston. Transformer No.V579, Art Sensus Gallery, London. Sincere, Galleria Pack, Milan. Crude, Art Sensus, London
2010
Absolute Return, Orel Art Gallery, Paris. 2009
<mask>: Liquid Modernity (Grid and Greed), Orel Art Gallery, London.Swiss Passion, Priska Pasquer Gallery, Cologne. Oil Evolution, Daneyal Mahmood Gallery, New York. 2008
Guts à la Russe, Orel Art

masks:
Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin


title: Andrei Molodkin

texts:
 Gallery, Paris. 2007
Direct From The Pipe, ANNE+ Art Projects, Ivry sur Seine,France. G8, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, Zurich, Switzerland
Sweet Crude American Dream, Daneyal Mahmood Gallery, New York

2006
Cold War II, Orel Art Gallery, Paris
Empire at War, Daneyal Mahmood Gallery, New York
Sweet Crude Eternity, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, Zurich, Switzerland

2005
Sweet crude Eternity, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, New York

2004
Notre Patrimoine, European Parliament, Brussels
Trash resources, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, New York

2003
Love Copyright, Orel Art Presenta Gallery, Paris
Love Copyright, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, New York

2002
Polius, Chapelle Saint-Louis de la Salpêtrière, Orel Art Presenta Gallery, Paris
Carré Noir Gallery, Paris

2001
Novo Novosibirsk, The Marble Palace, Russian State Museum, St. Petersburg
Blue Dream, Freud’s Dream Museum, St. Petersburg

1999
Novo Novosibirsk, Chapelle Saint-Louis de la Salpêtrière, Paris

Literature
<mask>: Post-Utopian Simulacrum, eds. Wooson Gallery, Daegu, 2013. <mask>: Crude, eds.Silvana Editoriale, The Station Museum, Houston, 2013. <mask>: Absolute Return, eds. Silvana Editoriale, Musée d'Art Moderne de Saint-Etienne Métropole, France, 2011. <mask>: Holy Oil, 2010. <mask>: Liquid Modernity, 2009. <mask>: Cold War II, eds. Victor Tupitsyn and Margarita Tupitsyn, Kashya Hildebrand Gallery, Zurich, 2007.References

External links
 <mask>-<mask> on re-title.com
 Interview with <mask> in The Times
 BBC feature on Molodkin

20th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
21st-century Russian painters
Living people
1966

masks:
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei Molodkin
Andrei
Molodkin
Molodkin


title: Hideo Kojima

texts:
is a Japanese video game designer, director, producer, and writer. Regarded as an auteur of video games, he developed a strong passion for action/adventure cinema and literature during his childhood and adolescence. In 1986, he was hired by Konami, for which he designed and wrote Metal Gear (1987) for the MSX2, a game that laid the foundations for stealth games and the Metal Gear series, his best known and most appreciated works. He is probably best known for his design work on Metal Gear Solid (1998) for PlayStation. He is also known for producing the Zone of the Enders series, as well as writing and designing Snatcher (1988) and Policenauts (1994), graphic adventure games regarded for their cinematic presentation. In 2005, <mask> founded Kojima Productions, a software house controlled by Konami, and he was appointed vice president of Konami Digital Entertainment in 2011. In 2015, Kojima Productions split from Konami, becoming an independent studio.Their first game, Death Stranding, was released in 2019. <mask> has also contributed to Rolling Stone, writing columns about the similarities and differences between films and video games. Early life
<mask> was born on August 24, 1963 in Setagaya, Tokyo. He was the youngest of three children. His father, Kingo, was a pharmacist who frequently travelled on business, and named <mask> after the most common name among doctors he met. When he was four years old, his family moved to Osaka, Japan. Describing that stage of his early life, <mask> said it was an abrupt change of environment, and he spent much of his time thereafter indoors, watching television or making figurines.While the family lived in Osaka, his parents began a tradition of the family watching

masks: Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima


title: Hideo Kojima

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 a film together each night, and he was not allowed to go to bed until the film had finished. They were fond of European cinema, westerns, and horror, and did not limit the type of films he was allowed to see. <mask> took an interest in filmmaking when a friend brought a Super 8 camera to school. They began filming movies together, charging other children 50 yen to see them. <mask> tricked his parents into funding a trip to an island off the coast of Japan without telling them he wanted to film there. Instead of filming, he spent his time swimming, and on the last day changed the plot to being about zombies. He did not show the film to his parents.By <mask>'s teenage years, the family had moved to Kawanishi, Hyōgo, in the Kansai region of Japan. When he was 13 years old, his father died. <mask> has discussed the impact of his father's death in interviews, and the subsequent financial hardship faced by his family. He enrolled at university to study economics, and it was there that he decided to join the video game industry. He wrote fiction while studying, even including a short story on his thesis. Career

Early career
At the beginning of his career, <mask> was initially searching for a way into film production. He hoped that, if he were to win awards for his written fiction, he would be approached about directing a film.Although <mask> said that he had no friends interested in cinema to encourage him, his friends were not supportive when he announced he intended to enter game development. He would frequently lie about his occupation in the early days of a career, when a word for game designer did not exist in the Japanese language, and instead told people he worked for a financial firm. <mask>

masks: Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima


title: Hideo Kojima

texts:
 joined video game publisher Konami's MSX home computer division in 1986. He applied to Konami because it was the only games developer listed on the Japanese stock exchange. He was disappointed with the job initially, hoping to make games for the Nintendo Entertainment System, and feeling that the 16 colour palette of the MSX was too restrictive. The first game he worked on was Penguin Adventure, the sequel to Antarctic Adventure, as an assistant director. It significantly expanded upon the gameplay of Antarctic Adventure, adding more action game elements, a greater variety of levels, role-playing elements such as upgrading equipment, and multiple endings.In 2019, Polygon's Julia Lee wrote that for "a game made over 30 years ago, Penguin Adventure had some in-depth features". After Penguin Adventure, <mask> started to design a game called , but the game was cancelled when it was found to be too complex to run on the MSX. Metal Gear and Snatcher (1987–1990)
<mask> was asked to take over a project, Metal Gear, from a senior associate. Hardware limitations hindered the development of the game's combat, and <mask> altered the gameplay to focus on a prisoner escaping instead of fighting, inspired by The Great Escape. It was released on July 13, 1987, for the MSX2 home computer in Japan, and on September in that year for Europe. The player controls a special forces operative codenamed Solid Snake, who is sent to the fortified state of Outer Heaven to stop a nuclear-equipped walking tank known as "Metal Gear". Metal Gear is one of the earliest examples of the stealth game genre.A port of Metal Gear was released for the NES in 1987, with altered graphics, difficulty, and an abridged ending without the

masks: Kojima Kojima Kojima


title: Hideo Kojima

texts: titular weapon. <mask> has openly criticized many of the changes made in the port, including poor translation and the abridged ending. In an interview, a programmer on the NES version of the game said his team were asked to complete the port in only three months, and the NES hardware was not capable of implementing the Metal Gear fight. His next project was the graphic adventure game Snatcher, released for the NEC PC-8801 and MSX2 computer platforms in Japan on November 26, 1988. <mask> wrote and directed the game. <mask> planned for the game, a graphic adventure with visual novel elements, to have six chapters, but was instructed to trim it down to two. The team wanted to create a third chapter, but were already over the allowed development schedule so were forced to end the game on a cliffhanger.The cyberpunk-influenced game has a semi-open world design. <mask> and character designer Tomiharu Kinoshita treated the project like making a film or anime rather than a game. Former Konami artist Satoshi Yoshoioka designed many of Snatcher's characters, said he was persistently guided by <mask> to make the game as cinematic as possible, which later critics have cited as a staple of his work. Adrian Chen of The New York Times wrote that one of his innovations was "the way he applied cinematic storytelling to console video games". Snatcher draws heavily from Ridley Scott's Blade Runner (1982), and includes enough references that the game strays near copyright infringement. A port for the Sega CD was made without <mask>, but the amount of text and length of the script made localisation expensive and time-consuming, taking three months. Snatcher was modestly successful in Japan, but the western port was a

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title: Hideo Kojima

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 commercial failure, selling only a few thousand units.It has developed a cult following in the west. In 1990, <mask> wrote a remake of Snatcher, SD Snatcher, a role-playing video game which adapted the storyline of the original Snatcher but significantly changed the environments, details of the plot, and core gameplay mechanics. The "SD" stands for "super deformed" in Japanese media, another way to reference chibi character designs.The characters are depicted in a "super deformed" art style, in contrast to the original game's realistic style. Like the original computer versions of Snatcher, it was only released in Japan. It abandoned random encounters and introduced a first-person turn-based battle system where the player can aim at specific parts of the enemy's body with guns. Such a battle system has rarely been used since, but similar ones can later be found in the role-playing games Square's Vagrant Story (2000), Bethesda Softworks's Fallout 3 (2008), and Nippon Ichi's Last Rebellion (2010). In 2007, J. C. Fletcher of Engadget said that <mask>'s choice to stylise the character designs "was some postmodern playfulness from <mask> <mask> [...] downplaying the dramatic aspects of his game and overlaying obvious video game conventions on top of it", and connected that to a similar playfulness in his later games.Metal Gear 2 and Policenauts (1990–1994)
The original Metal Gear was a commercial success for its release on the NES, and Konami decided to create a sequel to the game, Snake's Revenge, without the involvement of <mask>. When <mask> was riding on the Tokyo transit system, he was told about Snake's Revenge by a colleague working on the project, who asked him to make a new Snake game of his

masks: Kojima Kojima Hideo Kojima Kojima Kojima


title: Hideo Kojima

texts:
 own. As a result, <mask> began work on his own sequel, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, and the two were both released in 1990. <mask>'s game would not be released overseas in North America and Europe until its inclusion in Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence (2006). Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake was a commercial success. The game has received positive reviews from retro-reviewers. IGN notes that Metal Gear 2 introduced stealth mechanics such as making noise to attract guards, crouching and crawling on the ground, disarming mines, and enemies having view cones.After memory limitation issues prompted him to take a break during the development of Snatcher, <mask> began to explore concepts for Policenauts. He wanted the game to remain in the adventure genre, feeling it was the best method to express what he wanted with video games. He was also growing frustrated with game development and wanted "a way to take creative control back from the programmers". After the release of Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake (1990), he developed a scripting engine so he could decide when animations and music played instead of the programmers. Development on Policenauts, originally called Beyond, began in 1990, and lasted four years. Policenauts was released in Japan on July 29, 1994, for the PC-9821. In Japan, critics praised Policenauts for its high level of presentation.Both Sega Saturn Magazine and Famitsu praised the quality of animation, voice acting, and its engrossing setting. Retrospective reviews have regarded the game generally positively, and sought to contextualise Policenauts within <mask>'s body of work, as heavily stylised and influenced by films. Metal Gear Solid subseries and mainstream success (1994–2012)
In 1994, <mask>


title: Hideo Kojima

texts: began to plan a 3D sequel to Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, titled Metal Gear Solid and originally planned for release on the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer. After the 3DO was discontinued, development shifted to the Sony PlayStation. For the transition from 2D to 3D graphics, a new engine had to be developed by <mask> and his team. A gameplay demo was first revealed to the public at the 1996 Tokyo Game Show, and was later shown on day 2 of E3 1997 as a short video. The game was released to critical acclaim.Many outlets noted the game's cinematic qualities and innovative stealth gameplay. <mask> became a celebrity in video game news media, and was surprised when he began to be recognised in public. In early 2001, <mask> released the first details of the sequel to Metal Gear Solid, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, for the PlayStation 2. The game's highly detailed graphics, physics, and expanded gameplay quickly made it one of the most anticipated games at the time. The game was highly successful and critically acclaimed at release, due to its graphics, gameplay, and storyline, which dealt with myriad philosophical themes as specific as memes, censorship, manipulation, patricide, the inherent flaws of democracy and as grandiose as the nature of reality itself. While Metal Gear Solid 2 appealed to gamers with the discussion of these, the bewildering maze of dialogue and plot revelation in the final hours of the game was a disappointment for many gamers, who expected the Hollywood-style resolution of its forerunner. Before Metal Gear Solid 2 was released, <mask> produced the game and anime franchise Zone of the Enders in 2001 to moderate success.In 2003, he produced Boktai: The Sun Is in Your Hand for the

masks: Kojima Kojima Kojima Kojima


title: Hideo Kojima

texts: Game Boy Advance, which players take the role of a young vampire hunter who uses a solar weapon which is charged by a photometric sensor on the game cartridge, forcing them to play in sunlight. Another team inside Konami, in a collaboration with Silicon Knights, began work on Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes, a GameCube enhanced remake of the first Metal Gear Solid with all the gameplay features of Metal Gear Solid 2 and with cutscenes redirected by director Ryuhei Kitamura. It was released in 2004. Afterwards, <mask> designed and released Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater for the PlayStation 2. Unlike the previous games in the series, which took place in the near future and focused on indoor locations, the game is set in a Soviet jungle during the height of the Cold War in 1964, and features wilderness survival, camouflage, and James Bond styled espionage. The North American version was released on November 17, 2004, with the Japanese counterpart following on December 16. The European version was released on March 4, 2005.Critical response to the game was highly favorable. <mask> has said that his mother played it, "It took her an entire year to complete Metal Gear Solid 3. She would get her friends to help her. When she defeated The End, [a character the player faces off during the game] she called me up and said: 'It is finished'." At that time, <mask> produced Boktais sequel, Boktai 2: Solar Boy Django for the Game Boy Advance. Released in summer 2004, it makes more extensive use of the cartridge's sunlight sensor and allows players to combine various new solar weapons. Also released was Metal Gear Acid for the PlayStation Portable handheld.A turn-based game, it is less action-oriented than the


title: Hideo Kojima

texts: other Metal Gear games and focuses more on strategy. It was released in Japan on December 16, 2004. Its sequel, Metal Gear Acid 2, was released on March 21, 2006. <mask> wanted Solid Snake to appear in Super Smash Bros. Melee, but Nintendo refused, due to development cycle problems. When Super Smash Bros. Brawl was in development, series director Masahiro Sakurai contacted <mask> to work and add Snake and content related to the Metal Gear series, including a stage based on Shadow Moses Island (the main setting of Solid), into the game. Released in June 2008, <mask> co-directed Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots with Shuyo Murata. Initially, <mask> was not going to direct it, but death threats made the team nervous and he decided to work with them.<mask> received a lifetime achievement award at the MTV Game Awards 2008 in Germany. In his speech, he said in English, "I have to say, even though I received this award, let me state that I will not retire. I will continue to create games as long as I live". Before E3 2009, <mask> stated interest in working with a Western developer. This later turned out to be a collaboration between him and Spanish developer MercurySteam to work on Castlevania: Lords of Shadow. Although he announced that Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots would be the last Metal Gear game he would be directly involved in, he announced at E3 2009 that he would return to help on two Metal Gear games: Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, as a producer and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker as writer, director, and producer. When interviewed at Gamescom 2009, <mask> stated that he got more involved with Peace Walker because "there was a lot of confusion within the team and it didn't proceed


title: Hideo Kojima

texts: as I wanted it to.Therefore I thought that I needed to jump in and do Peace Walker". <mask> was at E3 2010 to show off his team's latest project, Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance. He was also seen in Nintendo's 3DS interview video, where he stated he was interested in making a Metal Gear Solid game for the 3DS and wondered what it would be like in 3D. This game ended up being a remake of Metal Gear Solid 3 titled Metal Gear Solid: Snake Eater 3D. In late 2011, Metal Gear Solid: Rising was renamed Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance with PlatinumGames being involved in developing it alongside Kojima Productions. Nevertheless, <mask> is the game's executive producer and showed interest in working in the game's demo. <mask> was satisfied with the final product and expressed the possibility of a sequel if Platinum were to develop it.On April 1, 2011, <mask> was promoted to Executive Vice President and Corporate Officer in Konami Digital Entertainment. At E3 2011, he revealed his new innovative gaming technology labeled as "transfarring", a portmanteau of the verbs transferring and sharing. The technology enables gamers to transfer their gaming data from the PlayStation 3 to PlayStation Portable in a quick data transferring process and bring it on the go from home into the outside world. Later that year, he stated he was working on a new intellectual property with Goichi Suda, tentatively titled Project S, and preparing new projects. On July 8, 2011, <mask> announced that Project S was a radio-show sequel to Snatcher, titled Sdatcher as a reference to the show's producer Suda. The show would air on Fridays on <mask>'s bi-weekly Internet radio show, starting with episode No. 300 which was broadcast in August


title: Hideo Kojima

texts:
 2011.In October, <mask> announced that he would be collaborating with Suda and 5pb. director Chiyomaru Shikura in producing a new adventure game visual novel. It was initially speculated that the game would be the third entry in 5pb. 's Science Adventure series, but it was later confirmed to be a separate title. The game was planned to have an overseas release and an anime adaption. As of 2018, no further news regarding the project has been released. Final Konami projects and departure (2012–2015)

In mid-2012 and in the following years after <mask> finished work on the Fox Engine, <mask> has been connected to the Silent Hill series.During this time, he indicated that he was interested in making a Silent Hill game and the first instance of this was on August 18, 2012. He described his excitement regarding the potential use of the Fox Engine on the eighth generation platforms via a tweet of an image of the DVD for the Silent Hill film: Later, he added what he had in mind for this game in a series of tweets: "Silent Hill is in closed room setting and doesn’t require full action so that we can focus on the graphic quality. Enemies featured in the game do not have to be consistent or move fast. It only requires scariness by graphics and presentation. As being a creator, making action games in an open world setting, such a type of game is very enviously attractive. If only someone could create this on the Fox Engine." After a while, and as a result of <mask>'s interest in making a Silent Hill game, Konami asked him to do so.<mask> explained the story in an interview with Eurogamer:

Additionally, in an interview with Geoff Keighley, when a fan asked "which game do you want to direct or reboot?" <mask>


title: Hideo Kojima

texts: stated without hesitation, Silent Hill. Keighley jumped in and asked "What do you want to do with Silent Hill?" <mask> responded: "A guy [like myself] that is such a chicken and is so easily scared – making a scary game – I'm very confident that something horrifying would come out from that. But on the other hand I would have to prepare myself to have nightmares every single day. Hopefully sometime in the future I'm able to work on this, but I would really need to prepare to have daily nightmares". In August 2014, PT was released on the PlayStation Store and revealed that a new game in the Silent Hill franchise titled Silent Hills was being directed by <mask> for the PlayStation 4, alongside Mexican film director Guillermo del Toro.In April 2015, the playable teaser was removed and the game was cancelled. At the 2013 Game Developers Conference, <mask> unveiled Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain, which was set to be his final Metal Gear game, noting that this time unlike previous announcements that he had stopped working on the series, was very serious about leaving; it was preceded by Metal Gear Solid V: Ground Zeroes, a shorter game released in 2014 and serving as a prologue to The Phantom Pain. In March 2015, reports began to surface that <mask> would part ways with longtime publisher Konami after the release of The Phantom Pain. Konami later stated that they were auditioning for new staff for future Metal Gear titles and removed <mask>'s name from the series' marketing material. Despite reports that <mask> left the company in October 2015, a spokesman for Konami stated that he was "taking a long time off from work." At The Game Awards 2015, Metal Gear Solid V won the awards for Best Action Game


title: Hideo Kojima

texts:
 and Best Score/Soundtrack, but <mask> did not attend the event, being reportedly barred from attending by Konami. Instead, the award was accepted by Kiefer Sutherland on his behalf.On July 10, 2015, regular <mask> collaborator Akio Ōtsuka revealed that Konami had closed Kojima Productions. Independent studio and Death Stranding (2015–present)

On December 16, 2015, <mask> announced that Kojima Productions would be re-established as an independent studio, partnered with Sony Computer Entertainment, and that his first game would be exclusive to PlayStation 4. At E3 2016, <mask> personally announced the game's title as Death Stranding in a trailer. The trailer featured Norman Reedus, whom <mask> had previously worked with in the cancelled Silent Hills. In 2016, <mask> launched his own YouTube channel, where he and film critic Kenji Yano discuss their favorite films and matters pertaining to <mask>'s studio. Starting in 2017, <mask> became a regular contributor to Rolling Stone, often discussing recent film releases, and occasionally drawing comparisons to his own works. Death Stranding was released on November 8, 2019, and received generally positive reviews and was a commercial success.It also won a number of awards, including "Best Game Direction" and "Best Score/Music" at The Game Awards 2019. In November 2019, talking to BBC Newsbeat as part of a documentary about Death Stranding, <mask> said “In the future Kojima Productions will start making films. If you can do one thing well, then you can do everything well”. <mask> went on to explain that he sees that movies, TV shows, and games competing in the same space in the future, thanks to streaming technology, and that this will encourage new formats

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title: Hideo Kojima

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 to emerge. “I’m very interested in the new format of game that will appear on there and that’s what I want to take on,” <mask> added. Influences and mentality
<mask> has cited Yuji Horii's The Portopia Serial Murder Case (1983) and Shigeru Miyamoto's Super Mario Bros. (1985) as the games that inspired him to enter the video game industry. Portopia Serial Murder Case, a murder mystery adventure game, was an important influence because, according to <mask>, it had "mystery, a 3D dungeon, humor, and a proper background and explanation of why the murderer committed the crime.That is why there was drama in this game. My encountering this game expanded the potential of video games in my mind." Portopia had an influence on his early works, including Metal Gear and particularly Snatcher. <mask>'s love of film is noticeable in his games where he pays homage through his stories and characters, sometimes to the point of pastiche, as in Snatcher. He cited a contrast between films and games as while in his games he intends to portray violence like in a movie, in the game it is up to the player to decide. He wants people to understand the effects of violence. As he considers the games too stressful, he also wants comic relief to contrast it.Snatcher is inspired by many science fiction films, particularly from the 1980s, including Blade Runner, Akira, The Thing, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and The Terminator. Examples of influence by films include Solid Snake's codename (named after Snake Plissken from Escape from New York), Snake's alias in MGS2: Pliskin (in reference to the last name of Snake Plissken from the Escape movies), Snake's real name (Dave from 2001: A Space Odyssey), and Snake's trademark bandana


title: Hideo Kojima

texts: (The Deer Hunter). Film would also have an influence on other aspects of his games. Hal "Otacon" Emmerich (named after HAL 9000 from 2001: A Space Odyssey and film director Roland Emmerich), Sniper Wolf shooting Meryl in Metal Gear Solid (Full Metal Jacket), Psycho Mantis (inspired from the film The Fury), and the whole Metal Gear stealth concept (The Great Escape and The Guns of Navarone). James Bond also had a large influence on the Metal Gear series, with Metal Gear Solid 3 having a James Bond-like introduction sequence. <mask> has written that Metal Gear was "strongly influenced" by the "anti-war and anti-nuke" themes of the Planet of the Apes film franchise. In an article he wrote for Official PlayStation 2 Magazine, <mask> described the influence of the film Dawn of the Dead on the Metal Gear series.The zombie classic inspired "the maximum three-dimensional use of a closed area like a shopping mall with elevators, air ducts, and escalators". These aspects are similar enough in his view that "[Metal Gear Solid] is [Dawn of the Dead] if you replace soldiers with zombies." He also received inspiration from anime. His early works, particularly the cyberpunk adventure game Snatcher (which uses anime-style art), were influenced by cyberpunk anime, most notably Akira (mentioned above). In an interview, he mentioned that his Zone of the Enders series was inspired by mecha/robot anime, such as Neon Genesis Evangelion. Mecha anime was also an inspiration for the Metal Gear series, which features mecha robots, such as Metal Gear REX and Metal Gear RAY; this is referenced in Metal Gear Solid, where Otacon mentions mecha anime as an influence on his Metal Gear REX designs. In regards to storyline

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title: Hideo Kojima

texts:
 development and interaction with them, he said:

In 2019 <mask> published a collection of essays in Japan discussing the influence of pop culture on his work under the title The Gifted Gene and My Lovable Memes.The book was published in English by Viz Media in October 2021 under the title The Creative Gene: How books, movies, and music inspired the creator of Death Stranding and Metal Gear Solid. In terms of reverse influence on film, his work on the storylines of the Metal Gear series was cited as an influence by screenwriter David Hayter, the voice actor for Solid Snake, on his screenwriting for Hollywood films. He stated that "<mask> and I have different styles (...) but I've certainly learned things from him, especially about ambiguity and telling a story without giving all the answers". <mask> has also influenced a number of actors and auteurs in the film industry. Hollywood actors Mads Mikkelsen and Léa Seydoux have voice roles in Death Stranding, and celebrated director Guillermo del Toro is amongst his biggest fans. In 2020, <mask> was a member of the international Jury of the 77th Venice International Film Festival, Virtual Reality section. Legacy
<mask> has been noted for predicting and exploring themes in his works years before they gained mainstream notoriety on numerous occasions, ranging from the sociological to the scientific.The main example of this pertains to the plot and themes of Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, released on November 13, 2001, which delved into ideas and concepts that would become culturally significant in the 2010s. Among these themes were post-truth politics, alternative facts, echo-chambers, fake news, AI-curated news feeds, information overload in the