title: Sam Gagner

texts:
<mask> (born August 10, 1989) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player currently playing for the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL). He was drafted by the Edmonton Oilers in the first round, 6th overall, of the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, and played there for the first seven years of his NHL career. He also played one season each for the Arizona Coyotes, Philadelphia Flyers, Columbus Blue Jackets and the Vancouver Canucks before returning to Edmonton in 2019, he was shipped to the Detroit Red Wings on the 2020 NHL Trade Deadline and re-signed for 1 year after the COVID-19 shortened season. Playing career

Amateur
Gagner played midget hockey with the Toronto Marlboros of the Greater Toronto Hockey League (GTHL) in 2004–05. He scored 173 points and was awarded the Buck Houle Award, a Marlboros team award given for outstanding on ice performance and leadership. The same season, he made his junior debut, playing 13 games for the Milton Icehawks of the OPJHL, scoring 15 points. His dad was the coach of his minor hockey career.In 2005–06, he joined the Sioux City Musketeers of the United States Hockey League (USHL) and scored 46 points in 56 games, second in team scoring. Along the way, Gagner played with future NHLer John Tavares on the Marlboros and later the Icehawks. As early as 2002, the pair also honed their skills and became friends on a backyard rink built by <mask>'s dad Dave in Oakville. Gagner originally committed to play hockey at the collegiate level for the University of Wisconsin–Madison, but later decided to stay closer to home by playing for a Canadian major junior hockey team. Considered a first round

masks:
Sam William Gagner
Sam


title: Sam Gagner

type: original

texts:
 talent, the Ontario Hockey League (OHL)'s London Knights selected him in the fourth round of the 2005 OHL Entry Draft on a flyer, as his commitment to play college hockey deterred many OHL teams from drafting him. Joined by future NHL stars Patrick Kane and Sergei Kostitsyn on the Knights' top line in 2006–07, Gagner scored 118 points in 53 games, fifth in OHL scoring. He also captained Team Burns/Bergeron (Red) in the 2007 CHL Top Prospects Game to a 5–3 victory over Team Bowman/Demers (White).Professional

Edmonton Oilers
<mask> was drafted in the first round, sixth overall by the Edmonton Oilers in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft. On October 1, 2007, he was then signed to a three-year, entry-level contract with the Oilers. He played his first NHL game on October 4 in a 3–2 shootout victory over the San Jose Sharks and earned his first NHL point, assisting on a goal scored by defenceman Tom Gilbert. On October 20, <mask> scored his first career NHL goal against Miikka Kiprusoff of the Calgary Flames. As the NHL's youngest player in 2007–08, he tallied 49 points in 79 games playing between wingers and fellow rookies Andrew Cogliano and Robert Nilsson on a combination dubbed the "Kid Line." During the season, <mask> participated in the 2008 NHL YoungStars Game in Atlanta as part of All-Star weekend and was also named the NHL Rookie of the Month for February. As part of a month-long scoring stretch in which he scored 13 points in 12 games, he also established an Oilers team record for the longest assists streak by a rookie with nine in eight straight games.The next season, 2008–09, he recorded his first career NHL hat-trick and added an

masks: Gagner Gagner Gagner


title: Sam Gagner

texts:
 assist for a four-point game in an 8–1 win against the Colorado Avalanche on March 19, 2009. He finished his sophomore season with 16 goals and 41 points in 76 games. In the following two campaigns, he posted 41- and 42-point efforts. On March 9, 2011, Gagner severed a tendon in his left hand while facing the Washington Capitals when teammate Ryan Jones caught him with a skate blade while jumping over the boards. Requiring surgery, Gagner was sidelined for the remainder of the 2010–11 season, as well as one month into the following campaign, making his return to the Oilers line-up on October 22, 2011. Several months later, on February 2, 2012, <mask> scored four goals and four assists against the Chicago Blackhawks, tying the team record of eight points in a game, previously set by Wayne Gretzky and Paul Coffey. The feat also made him the 13th NHL player of all time to score eight or more points in a single game, and the first since Mario Lemieux did it in 1989.Two days later, Gagner scored two goals and added an assist in the first period against the Detroit Red Wings, setting a new Oilers record with 11 consecutive points, previously held by Gretzky, who scored ten consecutive points twice his career. Gagner finished the season with 47 points over 75 games, with nearly a quarter of his output having occurred in that two-game stretch. During the 2012–13 NHL lock-out, Gagner signed with Klagenfuter AC of the Eishockey Liga in Austria. On July 22, 2013, shortly after the end of the 2012–13 season, the Oilers signed Gagner to a three-year contract extension worth an average annual value of $4.8 million. Trade to Arizona
On June


title: Sam Gagner

texts:
 29, 2014, the Tampa Bay Lightning acquired <mask> in exchange for Teddy Purcell. Gagner, however, only spent an hour as a member of the Lightning before then being acquired by the Arizona Coyotes, along with B. J. Crombeen, in exchange for a sixth-round pick in the 2015 NHL Entry Draft. During the Coyotes' training camp ahead of the 2014–15 season, Arizona Head Coach Dave Tippett experimented utilizing Gagner on the right wing instead of his natural centre position, where he played in a pre-season, 5–4 shootout victory over the Los Angeles Kings.On December 23, 2014, <mask> scored two goals and two assists against his former team, the Oilers, in a 5–1 Arizona victory at Rexall Place in Edmonton. With Arizona, Gagner found chemistry playing on a line with centre Martin Hanzal; the two combined for 16 points in just five games in December and January 2015. Philadelphia Flyers/Columbus Blue Jackets
On June 27, 2015, <mask> was traded to the Philadelphia Flyers along with a conditional third (2017) or fourth (2016) round draft pick in return for Nicklas Grossmann and the contract of Chris Pronger. Coyotes general manager Don Maloney explained the trade as being due to a belief in the organization that Gagner "couldn't play centre at the NHL level". On August 1, 2016, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the Columbus Blue Jackets. Following a resurgent season with the Blue Jackets where he set a career high in points with 50, Gagner signed a 3-year $9.45 million contract with the Vancouver Canucks. Vancouver Canucks and return to Edmonton
Prior to the 2018–19 season, after attending the Canucks training camp and pre-season Gagner was

masks: Gagner Gagner Gagner Gagner


title: Sam Gagner

texts:
 placed on waivers by the Canucks on October 1, 2018.He cleared waivers the next day, and was loaned in order to be closer to his family to the Toronto Marlies, affiliate of the Toronto Maple Leafs. Gagner scored 15 points in 15 games with the Marlies before he was recalled by the injury-struck Canucks on November 18, 2018. He registered 1 goal and 3 points in 7 games before Vancouver returned to health and he was returned to the Marlies on December 4, 2018. Through 43 games with the Marlies, Gagner was among the team's top scorers with 37 points. He was traded by the Canucks in a return to his original draft club, the Edmonton Oilers, in exchange for Ryan Spooner on February 16, 2019. During the 2019–20 season, <mask> recorded five goals and seven assists in 36 games for the Oilers. Detroit Red Wings
On February 24, 2020, <mask> was traded at the NHL trade deadline from the Oilers, along with second-round draft picks in 2020 and 2021, to the Detroit Red Wings in exchange for Andreas Athanasiou and Ryan Kuffner.He added one goal in 6 games with the Red Wings before their season was prematurely ended due to the COVID-19 pandemic suspending play. On September 26, 2020, the Red Wings signed <mask> to a one-year, $850,000 contract extension. On July 28, 2021, the Red Wings signed Gagner to a one-year contract extension. International play

Gagner competed for Canada at the 2007 World Junior Championships in Sweden, playing in all six games as the youngest player on the team, helping Canada to their third of five-straight gold medals. Later that year, upon being selected in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, Gagner competed in the 2007 Super


title: Sam Gagner

texts:
 Series, an eight-game series between Canada's and Russia's national junior teams commemorating the 1972 Summit Series. He scored 15 points and was named series MVP, as Canada defeated Russia 7–0–1 in the series. After Gagner's 2007–08 rookie season with the Oilers, he made his senior international debut with Canada in the 2008 World Championships in Canada as a reserve.Gagner played in one preliminary game as Canada was defeated in the gold medal game by Russia. Personal life
In his rookie year, Gagner lived in a house provided by Oilers captain Ethan Moreau, along with teammates Andrew Cogliano and Tom Gilbert. In the summer of 2009, Gilbert bought his own house while <mask> and Cogliano each got apartments in Edmonton in the same complex. During the off-season, Gagner goes back to his hometown of London, Ontario. Gagner is the son of former NHL player <mask>, who spent 15 seasons with the Rangers, North Stars/Stars, Flames, Maple Leafs, Panthers and Canucks. Due to his dad's career, <mask> grew up in Minneapolis, Dallas, Toronto, Calgary, Miami, Vancouver and Oakville. His sister, <mask>, played hockey for the Dartmouth Big Green women's ice hockey program.Gagner married longtime girlfriend Dr. Rachel Linke in Muskoka, Ontario, on July 12, 2014. They have three children. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

Records
Edmonton Oilers Most Points in a Single Game – 8 (shared with Wayne Gretzky and Paul Coffey)
Edmonton Oilers Most Points in a Single Period – 5 (shared with Jari Kurri)

References

External links

1989 births
Arizona Coyotes players
Bakersfield Condors

masks:
Gagner
Dave Gagner
Sam Gagner
Jessica Gagner


title: Mike Treshow

texts:
<mask> was a senior engineer at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois before he was hired as a senior design specialist at General Atomic, where he was involved in drafting schematics for  Project Orion. <mask>, was a Danish mechanical engineer who had learnt shipbuilding in Copenhagen, who went on to work on Project Orion. Orion's specialist in bomb delivery was <mask>, a Danish mechanical engineer who had been trained in shipbuilding in Copenhagen before visiting the United States in 1920 and becoming a permanent resident in 1929. He was born 4 December 1894, in Copenhagen. He came over from Denmark to Southern California. He married a woman called Elsa. He moved from Malibu to Del Mar.Hoover Dam
<mask> was hired as a designer of construction tools, to work on the Hoover Dam. During the construction of the Boulder (now Hoover) Dam between 1930 and 1936 he designed and supervised the installation of the equipment that pumped concrete - more than 8 million tons of it - from where it was mixed to the dam site. "Something over a mile as I recall," says his son, Ken. <mask> switched to nuclear reactor design and engineering after World War II. Argonne National Laboratory
He received Q clearance in 1950, while working as a senior engineer at Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois, and held some twenty patents in several fields. <mask> was Project Engineer on the Reactor Engineering Division for the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR) (April 1956). General specifications were taken from Treshow's earlier study of a smaller, but similar power plant (May 1955)."I am recognized as having an unusual talent for invention and development of new ideas and products," he wrote to Ed Creutz in November 1956, seeking a position at  General Atomic, “3 1/2 years from now at age 65 I will compelled to retire from Argonne due to forced retirement rules. I feel this would be too early for me." Project Orion
Treshow was hired by General Atomic in February 1958, at age

masks:
Michael Treshow V
Michael Treshow V
Michael Treshow
Treshow
Treshow
Treshow


title: Mike Treshow

texts: sixty-four, taking a position as a senior design specialist, with Ed Creutz making special arrangements to bend the company's retirement policies so that he could keep working as long as he wished. He soon joined the Orion team, drawing upon his training as a marine engineer and naval architect to produce detailed plans for the various components and permutations of the Orion ship. "He drew beautiful pictures with loving care and was very meticulous," says Freeman. "He was an old-fashioned draftsman, and loved to make everything exact." <mask> co-wrote a paper “Feasibility Study of a Nuclear Bomb-Propelled Space Vehicle, Interim Annual Report”, 1 July 1958- 1 June 1959, written by Brian Dunne, Freeman Dyson and <mask>, edited by Ted Taylor, who remembers this as the document that "turned on the Air Force," including <mask>, later director of Livermore, who said "it was the best progress report he had ever seen."It remains classified S-RD. "It only covers the first year; but if I had to choose one document for declassification, that would be the one," says Ted. <mask> devoted his attention to everything from shock absorbers to parametric design studies that laid out the broad range of possible vehicles, from 200 to 10,000 tons. His drawings, few of which have been declassified, are remembered as exquisitely detailed. "The ship was about 120 feet high it was big, like a ten-story building," says Freeman, describing the earliest version. "It was just a big flat dome, it wasn't particularly aerodynamic. It was so heavy it did not matter.The bottom 20 feet or so were mostly shock absorbers and then above that you had machinery borrowed from the Coca-Cola Company for the handling of the bombs, like a Coke machine where you put in a quarter and get out a Coke bottle. The bombs are arranged in racks and are shunted along; as each one was used the next one would move in. They came in a regular sequence and then they would get snapped into the catapult that

masks:
Michael Treshow
Michael Treshow
Mike May
Michael Treshow


title: Mike Treshow

texts:
 launched them down the middle. So that occupied the next 30 feet or so. And then above that you had the dining room and sleeping quarters for the crew." A successful Orion launch would depend upon being able to select exactly the right flavor of bomb at exactly the right time. Although the link to Coca-Cola may have become exaggerated, bottle-handing equipment was definitely involved."Oh yes, the Coca-Cola people did come," confirms Freeman. "We had interesting conversations with a lot of people, and many of them had to be in an unclassified context," says Ted. "One major source of information was the Coca-Cola Company, where we got detailed descriptions of how they set up mass production systems for Coke bottles and all kinds of mechanical stuff." Jerry Astl remembers the ejection system with <mask>. "I saw the drawings and we discussed it. I agreed with him one hundred percent. He didn't design that, he said, why should I bother?Vending machines already have something like that, and it works and is well proven. All we need is to make a few changes to make it sturdier, and what he had was pretty damm good-looking." Patents
Michael has several patents. Reflector control of a boiling water reactor
 Fuel subassembly construction for radial flow in a nuclear reactor
 Kiln supporting means
 Device for curing and cooling burned materials in rotary kilns
 A Preliminary Study of Superheating Boiling Reactors
 A study of heavy water central station boiling reactors
 Nuclear reactor
 Design study of small boiling reactors for power and heat production (November 1954)
 Design study of a nuclear power plant for 100-kw electric and 400-kw heat capacity (May 1955)
 ALPR preliminary design study (April 1956)
 A study of heavy water central station boiling reactors (CSBR) (September 1958)
 Design of the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR) (May 1961)

Death
Michael died on 26th January 1986 at 91 years old. References

1894 births
1986 deaths
Danish emigrants to the


title: Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester

texts:
<mask>, 1st <mask> (May 1563 – 19 February 1625; known between 1596 and 1613 as <mask>), of Carrickfergus in Ireland, was an English administrator and soldier who served as Lord Deputy of Ireland from 1605 to 1616. He was instrumental in the development and expansion of Belfast, now Northern Ireland's capital. Several streets are named in honour of himself and his nephew and heir <mask>, 1st Earl of Donegall, including Chichester Street and the adjoining Donegall Place, site of the Belfast City Hall. Origins
<mask> was the second son of Sir <mask> (d.1569), of Raleigh, Pilton, in North Devon, a leading member of the Devonshire gentry, a naval captain, and ardent Protestant who served as Sheriff of Devon in 1550–1551, and as Knight of the Shire for Devon in 1547, April 1554, and 1563, and as Member of Parliament for Barnstaple in 1559. <mask>'s mother was Gertrude Courtenay, a daughter of Sir William Courtenay (1477–1535) "The Great", of Powderham, Devon, 6th in descent from The 2nd Earl of Devon (died 1377), MP for Devon in 1529, thrice Sheriff of Devon, in 1522, 1525–6, 1533–4, an Esquire of the Body to King Henry VIII, whom he accompanied to the Field of the Cloth of Gold. Career
After attending Exeter College, Oxford, favoured by many Devonians, <mask> commanded HMS Larke against the Spanish Armada in 1588. In 1595 he accompanied Sir Francis Drake on his last expedition to the Americas.Later in the Anglo–Spanish War he commanded a company during the 1596 raid on Cádiz, for which he was knighted. A year later he was with English forces in France fighting with King Henry IV against the Spanish in Picardy. He was wounded in the shoulder during the Siege of Amiens in September

masks:
Arthur Chichester
Baron Chichester
Sir Arthur Chichester
Arthur Chichester
Arthur Chichester
John Chichester
Arthur
Chichester


title: Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester

texts:
 1597 during which the city was captured from the Spanish. He was knighted by Henry for his valour. Ireland
His career in Ireland began when in 1598 The 2nd Earl of Essex appointed him Governor of Carrickfergus, following the death of his brother, Sir <mask>, who had been killed at the Battle of Carrickfergus the previous year. It is said that Sir <mask> was decapitated, and his head used as a football by the MacDonnell clan after their victory. James Sorley MacDonnell, commander of the clan's forces at the Battle of Carrickfergus, was poisoned in Dunluce Castle on the orders of Robert Cecil to placate <mask>.During the Nine Years' War <mask> commanded royal troops in Ulster. His tactics included a scorched earth policy. He encircled The Earl of Tyrone's forces with garrisons, effectively starving the Earl's troops. In a 1600 letter to Cecil, he stated "a million swords will not do them so much harm as one winter's famine". While these tactics were not initially devised by <mask>, he carried them out ruthlessly, gaining a hate-figure status among the Irish. Lord Tyrone's weakening military position forced him to abandon and destroy his capital at Dungannon. Following the signing of the Treaty of Mellifont, he succeeded The 1st Earl of Devonshire (previously known as Lord Mountjoy) as Lord Deputy of Ireland from 3 February 1605.A year later in 1606 he married Lettice Perrot, widow successively of Walter Vaughan of Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire, and John Langhorne of St Brides, Pembrokeshire, and daughter of Sir John Perrot, a former Lord Deputy of Ireland. Lord Deputy <mask> saw Irish Catholicism as a major threat to the Crown. He oversaw widespread persecution of Catholics,

masks:
John Chichester
John Chichester
Chichester
Chichester
Chichester
Chichester


title: Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester

texts:
 and ordered the execution of two bishops, including the aged and respected Conor O'Devany. His relations with the traditionally Catholic nobility of the Pale, in particular The 10th Baron Howth, who could be quite quarrelsome, were poor. In Lord Howth's violent feuds with the new English settler families, particularly Thomas Jones, Archbishop of Dublin, and his son, and Viscount Moore of Drogheda, <mask> invariably sided against Howth, but was unable to completely break his influence as he was a favourite of King James VI and I. Following the Flight of the Earls in 1607, <mask> was a leading figure during the Plantation of Ulster. Initially he intended that the number of Scottish planters would be small, with native Irish landowners gaining more land.However, after O'Doherty's Rebellion in County Donegal in 1608, his plans changed and all the native lords lost their land. Most of the land was awarded to wealthy landowners from England and Scotland. However, <mask> successfully campaigned to award veterans of the Nine Years' War land as well, funded by the City of London Livery Companies. Later life
<mask> was instrumental in the development and expansion of Belfast, now Northern Ireland's capital. In 1611, he built a new Belfast Castle on the site of an earlier Norman fortification, the Norman structure probably dating from the late twelfth-century or the very early thirteenth-century. In 1613, he was elevated to the Peerage of Ireland as The 1st Baron <mask>. Ill health in 1614 led to his retirement and his term of office was ended in February 1616.In his final years, Lord <mask> served as an ambassador to the Habsburg Empire. Marriage and children
In 1606 he married

masks: Chichester Chichester Chichester Chichester Chichester Chichester


title: Arthur Chichester, 1st Baron Chichester

texts:
 Lettice Perrot, widow successively of Walter Vaughan of Golden Grove, Carmarthenshire, and of John Langhorne of St Brides, Pembrokeshire, and daughter of Sir John Perrot, a former Lord Deputy of Ireland. By her he had an only son who died an infant:
 <mask> (born 22 September 1606, died October 1606) who died an infant aged one month and was buried in Christ Church, Dublin, on 31 October 1606. Death and succession
Lord <mask> died from pleurisy in London in 1625 and was buried seven months later in St Nicholas' Church, Carrickfergus. The Barony of Chichester became extinct on his death but was revived the same year in favour of his younger brother Edward, who was raised to the peerage as The 1st Viscount Chichester. Edward's son was <mask>, 1st Earl of Donegall. Legacy
The family's influence in Belfast is still evident.Several streets are named in its honour, including Donegall Place, site of the Belfast City Hall and the adjacent Chichester Street. Further reading
An Account of the Rt. Honourable <mask>, first <mask>, Lord Deputy of Ireland, by his Nephew, Sir Faithful Fortescue, Knight, a short biography by his nephew Sir Faithful Fortescue (1585–1666) who followed his uncle to Ireland and stated "noe man knew his composition and disposition better than myself". Notes

References

Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
16th-century Anglo-Irish people
17th-century Anglo-Irish people
English soldiers
People from County Antrim
People from Barnstaple
Barons in the Peerage of Ireland
Peers of Ireland created by James I
1563 births
1625 deaths
<mask>
People of O'Doherty's rebellion
16th-century English nobility
17th-century English nobility
People of the Nine Years' War (Ireland)
Knights

masks:
Arthur Chichester
Chichester
Arthur
Arthur
Lord Chichester
Arthur


title: Karl Weierstrass

texts:
<mask> ( ; 31 October 1815 – 19 February 1897) was a German mathematician often cited as the "father of modern analysis". Despite leaving university without a degree, he studied mathematics and trained as a school teacher, eventually teaching mathematics, physics, botany and gymnastics. He later received an honorary doctorate and became professor of mathematics in Berlin. Among many other contributions, Weierstrass  formalized the definition of the continuity of a function, proved the intermediate value theorem and the Bolzano–Weierstrass theorem, and used the latter to study the properties of continuous functions on closed bounded intervals. Biography
Weierstrass was born into a Roman Catholic family in Ostenfelde, a village near Ennigerloh, in the Province of Westphalia. Weierstrass was the son of <mask>, a government official, and Theodora Vonderforst both of whom were catholic Rhinelanders. His interest in mathematics began while he was a gymnasium student at the Theodorianum in Paderborn.He was sent to the University of Bonn upon graduation to prepare for a government position. Because his studies were to be in the fields of law, economics, and finance, he was immediately in conflict with his hopes to study mathematics. He resolved the conflict by paying little heed to his planned course of study but continuing private study in mathematics. The outcome was that he left the university without a degree. He then studied mathematics at the Münster Academy (which was even then famous for mathematics) and his father was able to obtain a place for him in a teacher training school in Münster. Later he was certified as a teacher in that city. During this period of study, Weierstrass attended the lectures of Christoph Gudermann and became interested in elliptic functions.In 1843 he taught in Deutsch Krone in West Prussia and since 1848 he taught at the Lyceum Hosianum in Braunsberg.

masks:
Karl Theodor Wilhelm Weierstrass
Wilhelm Weierstrass


title: Karl Weierstrass

texts:
 Besides mathematics he also taught physics, botany, and gymnastics. <mask> may have had an illegitimate child named Franz with the widow of his friend Carl Wilhelm Borchardt. After 1850 <mask> suffered from a long period of illness, but was able to publish mathematical articles that brought him fame and distinction. The University of Königsberg conferred an honorary doctor's degree on him on 31 March 1854. In 1856 he took a chair at the Gewerbeinstitut in Berlin (an institute to educate technical workers which would later merge with the Bauakademie to form the Technical University of Berlin). In 1864 he became professor at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin, which later became the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin.In 1870, at the age of fifty-five, Weierstrass met Sofia Kovalevsky whom he tutored privately after failing to secure her admission to the University. They had a fruitful intellectual, but troubled personal, relationship that "far transcended the usual teacher-student relationship". The misinterpretation of this relationship and Kovalevsky's early death in 1891 was said to have contributed to <mask>' later ill-health. He was immobile for the last three years of his life, and died in Berlin from pneumonia. Mathematical contributions

Soundness of calculus
Weierstrass was interested in the soundness of calculus, and at the time there were somewhat ambiguous definitions of the foundations of calculus so that important theorems could not be proven with sufficient rigour. Although Bolzano had developed a reasonably rigorous definition of a limit as early as 1817 (and possibly even earlier) his work remained unknown to most of the mathematical community until years later,
and many mathematicians had only vague definitions of limits and continuity of functions. The basic idea behind Delta-epsilon proofs is, arguably, first found in the works of Cauchy in the 1820s.Cauchy

masks: Weierstrass Weierstrass Weierstrass


title: Karl Weierstrass

texts:
 a corner along a given extremum and allows one to find a minimizing curve for a given integral. Other analytical theorems

 Stone–Weierstrass theorem
 Casorati–Weierstrass theorem
 Weierstrass elliptic function
 Weierstrass function
 Weierstrass M-test
 Weierstrass preparation theorem
 Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem
 Weierstrass factorization theorem
 Weierstrass–Enneper parameterization

Students
 Edmund Husserl

Honours and awards
The lunar crater Weierstrass and the asteroid 14100 Weierstrass are named after him. Also, there is the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics in Berlin. Selected works
 Zur Theorie der Abelschen Funktionen (1854)
 Theorie der Abelschen Funktionen (1856)
 Abhandlungen-1, Math.Werke. Bd. 1. Berlin, 1894
 Abhandlungen-2, Math. Werke. Bd. 2.Berlin, 1895
 Abhandlungen-3, Math. Werke. Bd. 3. Berlin, 1903
 Vorl. ueber die Theorie der Abelschen Transcendenten, Math. Werke.Bd. 4. Berlin, 1902
 Vorl. ueber Variationsrechnung, Math. Werke. Bd. 7.Leipzig, 1927

See also
 List of things named after <mask>s

References

External links

 Digitalized versions of Weierstrass's original publications are freely available online from the library of the Berlin Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. 1815 births
1897 deaths
19th-century German mathematicians
Mathematical analysts
People from the Province of Westphalia
People from Braniewo
Recipients of the Copley Medal
University of Bonn alumni
University of Königsberg alumni
University of Münster alumni
Humboldt University of Berlin faculty
Technical University of Berlin faculty
Foreign Members of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Corresponding members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
German Roman Catholics
Deaths from pneumonia in


title: Eric Berry

texts:
<mask> (born December 29, 1988) is an  American football safety who is a free agent. He played college football at Tennessee, where he was a two-time unanimous All-American and recognized as the best collegiate defensive back in the country. He was then drafted by the Kansas City Chiefs fifth overall in the 2010 NFL Draft. <mask> has been voted to the Pro Bowl five times and has been named to the First Team All-Pro three times. <mask> was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma on December 8, 2014. After going through chemotherapy in the offseason and being declared cancer free, <mask> came back for the 2015 season and was named to the Pro Bowl, the AP All-Pro team, and was named the 2015 AP Comeback Player of the Year. He was named to the NFL 2010s All-Decade Team.Early years
<mask> was born in Fairburn, Georgia. He attended Creekside High School in Fairburn, and was a standout athlete for the Seminole track and football teams. <mask> played cornerback and quarterback, earning a 37–5 record as a starter at Creekside. He was teammates with Rokevious Watkins and Terrance Parks. Following his stellar high school career, <mask> was invited to play in the 2007 U.S. Army All-American Bowl. <mask> was considered the top player in Georgia and the top cornerback prospect by every recruiting service, and Rivals.com ranked him the #3 player in the nation. He was once clocked at 4.38-4.41 range at the 40-yard dash at a soft indoor surface at a high school Combine.<mask> was also a standout athlete for Creekside's track team. He set school records in long jump, with a leap of 6.95 meters, and 200 meters, with a time of 21.76 seconds. <mask> was the anchor leg of the 2006 Class 4A state championship 4 × 400 meters relay team. Individually, he was the 2005 Class 4A state champion in the 200 meters and 2007 Class 4A state champion in the Long Jump, beating future NFL players Brandon Boykin, 2nd and Stephen Hill, 3rd. He had career-bests of 10.66 seconds in the 100 meters and

masks:
Eric Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry
Berry


title: Eric Berry

texts:
 21.44 seconds in the 200 meters. He was regarded as the most scouted safety since Sean Taylor. College career
<mask> received many scholarship offers, but chose to attend the University of Tennessee, where he played from 2007 to 2009 under head coaches Phillip Fulmer and Lane Kiffin.2007 season
As a freshman, <mask> replaced fifth-year senior Jarod Parrish after a strong showing in his first collegiate game against California. <mask> turned in several big plays during his freshman season en route to being named the SEC Defensive Freshman of the Year by the Sporting News. His 222 return yards (on five interceptions) broke the 37-year-old Tennessee record by 43 yards. <mask> led all SEC freshmen in tackles with 86. He twice was named SEC Freshman of the Week for his play over the regular season's final three games. After the season, he  was also named 1st team Freshman All-American by Rivals. 2008 season

Prior to the season, despite being a sophomore, <mask> was named a team captain.For the year, <mask> tied for the national lead in interceptions with seven and returned them for 265 yards and two touchdowns, breaking the record he set the year earlier. Combined with the yards he accumulated as a freshman, <mask> set the all-time career SEC record for interception return yards with 487 yards, only 14 yards shy of the NCAA record for interception return yards, set by Terrell Buckley during his time at Florida State. He also finished the regular season with 72 tackles, six pass break-ups, and three sacks. <mask> also took snaps on offense at quarterback and wide receiver, gaining 44 rushing yards on seven carries. In addition, he gained 32 yards on two kick-off returns. His early success had some journalists speculating that he could end up being the best defensive player in Tennessee history. He was nominated as a finalist for the Jim Thorpe Award, the Lott Trophy, and the Chuck Bednarik Award.<mask> was named the SEC Defensive Player of the year and was a

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 first-team All-SEC pick. He was also a unanimous first-team All American. The Touchdown Club of Columbus also named him their winner of the 2008 Jack Tatum Award as well. 2009 season
As a junior, <mask> recorded 87 total tackles, two interceptions, nine passes defensed, and one fumble recovery. Following the season, <mask> was a first-team All-SEC selection, and was recognized as a unanimous first-team All-American for the second consecutive season. He won the Jim Thorpe Award and also was the recipient of The Touchdown Club of Columbus's Jack Tatum Award for the second straight year. At the conclusion of the 2009 season, <mask> announced his intention to enter the 2010 NFL Draft.College awards and honors

2009 Unanimous All-American
2000s ESPN All-Decade High School Football Team
2000s RivalsHigh.com Team Of The Decade First Team
2000s Sports Illustrated All-Decade Team
2009 Jim Thorpe Award
2009 Bronko Nagurski Award Finalist
2009 Lott Award Finalist
2009 Jack Tatum Award Winner
2009 First-team All-SEC (Coaches, AP)
2008 Unanimous All-American
2008 National Defensive Sophomore of the Year (Collegefootballnews.com)
2008 SEC Defensive Player of the Year
2008 Jack Tatum Award Winner
2008 First-team All-SEC (Coaches, AP)
2008 Vince Dooley Award

2008 Jim Thorpe Award Finalist
Unanimous 2007 First-team Freshman All-American
2007 National Defensive Freshman of the Year (Collegefootballnews.com)
2007 SEC Freshman Defensive Player of the Year (Sporting News)
2007 Second-team All-SEC (Coaches, AP)
2007 All-SEC Freshmen Team
2007 All-SEC Freshmen Academic Honor Roll
2006 Georgia High School Player of the Year (Gatorade)

College statistics
Correct as of the end of the 2009 season. Professional career
Following Tennessee's 37–14 loss to Virginia Tech in the 2009 Chick-fil-A Bowl, <mask> announced his decision to forgo his final year of college football eligibility, entering the 2010 NFL Draft. He attended the NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis, Indiana and

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 performed all of the combine and positional drills. <mask> finished second among safeties in the 40-yard dash and fifth in the bench press. On March 16, 2010, <mask> opted to participate at Tennessee's pro day, but chose to stand on his combine numbers and only performed positional drills. <mask> was regarded as the highest scouted safety since Sean Taylor, whom <mask> idolized prior to Taylor's death, and was expected to be selected no lower than No. 7, the Cleveland Browns pick.NFL draft experts and scouts projected him to be a first round pick and a possible top ten selection. He was ranked as the top safety prospect in the draft by NFL analyst Mike Mayock, DraftScout.com, Bleacher Report, and Sports Illustrated. 2010
The Kansas City Chiefs selected <mask> in the first round (fifth overall) of the 2010 NFL Draft. He became the highest drafted defensive back since Sean Taylor in 2004, and the highest drafted Tennessee Volunteer since Jamal Lewis. <mask> selected number 29 as his jersey number in honor of former Tennessee defensive back standout Inky Johnson, whose career was cut short due to an injury and also as a tribute to his hometown of Fairburn, Georgia, and the main road U.S. Route 29. On July 30, 2010, the Kansas City Chiefs signed <mask> to a six-year, $60 million contract that includes $34 million guaranteed and made him the highest paid safety in the league history. He entered training camp slated as the starting free safety.Head coach Todd Haley named him the starter, alongside starting strong safety Jon McGraw, to start the 2010 regular season. He made his professional regular season debut and first career start in the Kansas City Chiefs' season-opener against the San Diego Chargers and recorded his first career tackle on tight end Antonio Gates after he caught an 11-yard pass in the first quarter of their 21–14 victory. He finished his debut with six combined tackles. On October 24, 2010, <mask> recorded four solo tackles, two pass

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title: Eric Berry

texts: deflections, forced a fumble, and made his first career interception off a pass by quarterback Todd Bouman during a 42–20 victory against the Jacksonville Jaguars. The following week, he made a season-high ten combined tackles (seven solo), deflected a pass, and intercepted a pass by Ryan Fitzpatrick in their 13–10 overtime victory over the Buffalo Bills. In Week 9, he recorded four combined tackles and a season-high two sacks on quarterback Jason Campbell in the Chiefs' 23–20 overtime victory at the Oakland Raiders. It marked <mask>'s first career sack.On December 26, 2010, <mask> made four solo tackles, broke up a pass, and returned an interception for a 54-yard touchdown to mark the first  score of his career. His interception was off a pass by quarterback Kerry Collins that was originally intended for Nate Washington and occurred in the second quarter of their 34–14 victory against the Tennessee Titans in Week 16. He finished his rookie season with a career-high 92 combined tackles (77 solo), nine pass deflections, four interceptions, two sacks, a touchdown, and a forced fumble in 16 games and 16 starts. He led the team in interceptions (4), and was second only to Derrick Johnson in tackles and solo tackles. On January 24, 2011, it was reported that <mask> would play in the 2011 Pro Bowl as a replacement for Troy Polamalu, who was appearing in the AFC Championship with the Pittsburgh Steelers. He became the first Chiefs rookie to be selected to the Pro Bowl since linebacker Derrick Thomas. <mask> helped to improve the Kansas City defense from 29th best unit in the 2009 season in terms of points allowed to 11th in the 2010 season, In addition to starting every game, <mask> was on the field for almost half of Kansas City's special teams plays and was the only Chiefs defender to play every defensive snap.The Kansas City Chiefs finished first in the AFC West with a 10–6 record. On January 9, 2011, <mask> recorded ten combined tackles and a season-high

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 four pass deflections during a 30–7 loss to the Baltimore Ravens in the AFC Wildcard Game. 2011
He started the Kansas City Chiefs' season-opener against the Buffalo Bills, but sustained a torn ACL on the Bills' second offensive drive during the first quarter of their 41–7 loss. He sustained the injury during a seven-yard run by C. J. Spiller and went down untouched while attempting to switch direction in pursuit of him. On September 14, the Kansas City Chiefs officially placed him on injured reserve prematurely ending his second season before he recorded a stat. On September 29, 2011, he underwent surgery to repair the torn ligament. Throughout the season, Jon McGraw replaced <mask> in the lineup.On December 13, 2011, the Kansas City Chiefs fired head coach Todd Haley after they stood at a 5–8 record. Defensive coordinator Romeo Crennel was named interim head coach for the last three games. 2012
<mask> returned to training camp in 2012 and reclaimed his role as the starting strong safety. Head coach Romeo Crennel named <mask> and Lewis the starting safety duo to begin the regular season. On November 1, 2012, <mask> recorded eight combined tackles, a pass deflection, and intercepted a pass by Philip Rivers during a 31–13 loss at the San Diego Chargers. In Week 11, he collected a season-high 11 solo tackles in the Chiefs' 28–6 loss to the Cincinnati Bengals. On December 16, 2012, <mask> tied his season-high of 11 solo tackles and broke up a pass in their 15–0 loss at the Oakland Raiders.On December 26, 2012, <mask> was announced as one of six Chiefs players to be a voted to the 2013 Pro Bowl. On December 31, 2012, the Kansas City Chiefs fired head coach Romeo Crennel after they finished with a 2–14 record. He finished the  season with 86 combined tackles (73 solo), ten pass deflections, and an interception in 16 games and 16 starts. 2013
New head coach Andy Reid retained <mask> and Lewis as the starting safeties to begin 2013. On September 19, 2013, <mask>


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 recorded five solo tackles, two pass deflections, and returned an interception off Michael Vick for a 37-yard touchdown in the Chiefs' 26–16 victory at the Philadelphia Eagles. In Week 12, he made a season-high eight solo tackles, broke up a pass, and a sack during a 41–28 loss to the San Diego Chargers. On December 15, 2013, <mask> collected three combined tackles, two pass deflections, a season-high two interceptions, and a touchdown during a 56–31 victory at the Oakland Raiders.During the first quarter, he intercepted a pass by Matt McGloin and returned it for a 37-yard touchdown. Head coach Andy Reid decided to rest <mask> for the Chiefs' Week 17 matchup at the San Diego Chargers after the Chiefs had already clinched a playoff berth with an 11–4 record. On December 27, 2013, it was announced that <mask> was one of eight players from the Chiefs to be voted to the 2014 Pro Bowl, marking his third consecutive Pro Bowl. <mask> attained the second highest overall grade among safeties from Pro Football Focus in 2013. He finished the season with 74 combined tackles (66 solo), ten pass deflections, a career-high 3.5 sacks, three interceptions, two fumble recoveries, and two touchdowns in 15 games and 15 starts. On January 4, 2014, <mask> started in the AFC Wildcard Game and recorded nine combined tackles and a forced fumble during their 45–44 loss at the Indianapolis Colts. On January 26, 2014, he started in the 2014 Pro Bowl for Team Sanders and recorded two pass deflections and an interception during their 22–21 victory over Team Rice.He intercepted a pass by Drew Brees in the endzone that was intended for Larry Fitzgerald and lateraled in to Darrelle Revis after a 13-yard gain at the end of the first quarter. 2014
<mask> remained the starting strong safety during training camp and was officially named the starter by defensive coordinator Bob Sutton for the season-opener, along with free safety Husain Abdullah. He started the Kansas City Chiefs'


title: Eric Berry

texts:
 season-opener against the Tennessee Titans and recorded a career-high 15 combined tackles (14 solo) and a pass deflection during their 26–10 loss. On September 14, 2014, <mask> sustained a high ankle sprain against the Denver Broncos and was sidelined for five consecutive games (Weeks 3–8). On November 20, 2014, <mask> recorded five combined tackles and began complaining of chest pains after their 24–20 loss
at the Oakland Raiders. On December 8, 2014, it was reported that a mass was discovered in <mask>'s chest and he was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. <mask> was placed on the Chiefs' non-football illness list, ending his  season.<mask>'s doctor, Dr. Christopher Flowers, a lymphoma specialist at Emory University Hospital in Atlanta, said of <mask>'s diagnosis, "This is a diagnosis that is very treatable and potentially curable with standard chemotherapy approaches. The goal of Mr. <mask>'s treatment is to cure his lymphoma and we are beginning that treatment now." He finished the  season with 37 combined tackles (32 solo) and two pass deflections in six games and five starts. 2015
On July 28, 2015, the Kansas City Chiefs announced that <mask> had been cleared to resume football activities and was declared clear of cancer nearly nine months after his initial diagnosis. Head coach Andy Reid opted to bring <mask> back gradually and named him the backup free safety behind Husain Abdullah to begin the 2015 regular season. On September 17, 2015, he made his first start of the season and recorded four solo tackles in his return to Arrowhead Stadium as the Chiefs lost to the Denver Broncos 31–24. In Week 7, <mask> recorded six combined tackles, a pass deflection, and intercepted a pass by Ben Roethlisberger in a 23–13 win against the Pittsburgh Steelers.On November 15, 2015, <mask> made two solo tackles, a career-high four pass deflections, and intercepted a pass by quarterback Peyton Manning during a 29–13 victory at the Denver Broncos. The following

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title: Eric Berry

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 week, he made a season-high eight solo tackles in the Chiefs' 33–3 victory at the San Diego Chargers. On December 24, 2015, the Kansas City Chiefs announced that <mask> was one of five Chiefs players to be voted to the 2016 Pro Bowl. He finished the  season with 61 combined tackles (55 solo), ten pass deflections, and two interceptions in 16 games and 15 starts. Pro Football Focus gave <mask> an overall grade of 87.7, which ranked fifth among all qualifying safeties in 2015. He also received the fourth highest coverage grade among safeties (85.2). The Kansas City Chiefs finished second in the AFC West with an 11–5 record.On January 9, 2016, <mask> started in the AFC Wildcard Game and recorded three combined tackles, a pass deflection, and an interception as the Chiefs routed the Houston Texans 30–0. The following game, he made seven combined tackles in Kansas City's 27–20 loss at the New England Patriots in the AFC Divisional Round. He was named Comeback Player of the Year and  was ranked 55th by his fellow players on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2016. 2016
On March 1, 2016, the Kansas City Chiefs offered <mask> a franchise tag. He decided to hold out of training camp and offseason activities in the hopes of receiving a long-term contract offer by the Chiefs. On August 28, 2016, <mask> signed a one-year, $10.80 million franchise tag to remain with the Chiefs for the 2016 season after both parties were unable to come to an agreement on a long-term contract. On November 13, 2016, <mask> recorded nine combined tackles, two pass deflections, and returned an interception by Cam Newton for a 42-yard touchdown in the Chiefs' 20–17 victory at the Carolina Panthers.In Week 13, <mask> made two solo tackles, broke up a pass, returned an interception for a 37-yard touchdown, and became the first player to return an interception for a defensive two-point conversion since the rule was enacted in 2015. His two-point score occurred on an interception by quarterback Matt

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 Ryan during the two-point conversion attempt and provided the winning score for the Chiefs' 29–28 victory against the Atlanta Falcons. He earned AFC Defensive Player of the Week honors for his performance against the Falcons. On December 13, 2016, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles (ten solo) during a 19–17 loss to the Tennessee Titans. On December 20, 2016, it was announced that <mask> was one of four Chiefs players voted to the 2017 Pro Bowl, marking his fifth Pro Bowl selection of his career. He finished the season with 77 combined tackles (62 solo), nine pass deflections, four interceptions, a forced fumble, and two touchdowns in 16 games and 16 starts. <mask> received an overall grade of
87.8 from Pro Football Focus, which ranked seventh among all safeties in 2016.He also received the fourth highest coverage grade among his position group (88.7) and fifth highest run defense grade (85.0). On January 6, 2017, he was selected to be First-team All-Pro, marking his third All-Pro selection in his career. He was also ranked 13th by his peers on the NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 as the highest ranked defensive back. 2017
On February 28, 2017, the Kansas City Chiefs signed <mask> to a six-year, $78 million contract that includes $40 million guaranteed and a $20 million signing bonus, making him the highest-paid safety in the NFL. However, <mask> would only play four more games for the Chiefs. He remained the starting strong safety, opposite Ron Parker, to start the regular season. He started the Kansas City Chiefs season-opener at the New England Patriots and recorded seven combined tackles, before leaving their 42–27 victory on Thursday Night Football in the fourth quarter after sustaining an apparent Achilles injury.The following day, the Chiefs announced he had ruptured his Achilles and that he would miss the rest of the season. He finished his season with seven combined tackles (four solo) in one game and one start. On September 9, 2017, the


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 Kansas City Chiefs officially placed him on injured reserve and he underwent surgery three days later. With only one appearance, he earned an overall grade of 73.6 from Pro Football Focus. 2018
While recovering from the torn Achilles, he had been dealing with a sore heel, which was later diagnosed as a Haglund's deformity, which is a bone spur that digs into the Achilles causing extreme pain. He missed the first 13 games before making his season debut in Week 15. He played in two regular season games and one playoff game, the Chiefs 31–37 loss to the Patriots in the AFC Championship game.On March 13, 2019, <mask> was released by the Chiefs, in order to avoid a portion of his salary being fully guaranteed. NFL career statistics

Personal life
<mask>'s father, James, played running back for the University of Tennessee from 1978 to 1981, and was a captain of the 1981 squad. <mask>'s younger brothers, twins Elliott and Evan, played football at Tennessee, and are now free agents. <mask> is the first cousin once removed of former All-Pro Tampa Bay Buccaneers linebacker Hugh Green. On May 4, 2010, it was reported that <mask> had signed an endorsement deal with Adidas. He established the Eric Berry Foundation in 2011 that strives to provide safe environments for children to participate in team sports. His first project was a turf football field he funded in Fairburn, Georgia.He also hosts annual youth football camps in Atlanta, Tennessee, and Kansas City with proceeds going to the <mask> Foundation. <mask> suffers from equinophobia, a fear of horses. His condition was frequently brought on by the Kansas City Chiefs' mascot, Warpaint. References

1988 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football safeties
Kansas City Chiefs players
People from Fairburn, Georgia
Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)
Sportspeople from Fulton County, Georgia
Tennessee Volunteers football

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title: Ed Wynn

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<mask> (November 9, 1886 – June 19, 1966), better known as <mask>, was an American actor and comedian. He was noted for his Perfect Fool comedy character, his pioneering radio show of the 1930s, and his later career as a dramatic actor. <mask> was born <mask> in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a Jewish family. His father, Joseph, a milliner, was born in Bohemia. His mother, Minnie Greenberg, of Romanian and Turkish ancestry, came from Istanbul. <mask> attended Central High School in Philadelphia until age 15. He ran away from home in his teens, worked as a hat salesman and as a utility boy, and eventually adapted his middle name "<mask>" into his new stage name, "<mask>", to save his family the embarrassment of having a lowly comedian as a relative.Early career

<mask> began his career in vaudeville in 1903 and was a star of the Ziegfeld Follies starting in 1914. During The Follies of 1915, W. C. Fields allegedly caught <mask> mugging for the audience under the table during Fields's Pool Room routine and knocked <mask> unconscious with his cue. <mask> wrote, directed, and produced many Broadway shows in the subsequent decades, and was known for his silly costumes and props as well as for the giggly, wavering voice he developed for the 1921 musical revue, The Perfect Fool. <mask> became a very active member of The Lambs Club in 1919. Radio

In the early 1930s <mask> hosted the popular radio show The Fire Chief, heard in North America on Tuesday nights, sponsored by Texaco gasoline. Like

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Isaiah Edwin Leopold
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Edwin
Ed Wynn
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title: Ed Wynn

texts:
 many former vaudeville performers who turned to radio in the same decade, the stage-trained <mask> insisted on playing for a live studio audience, doing each program as an actual stage show, using visual bits to augment his written material, and in his case, wearing a colorful costume with a red fireman's helmet. He usually bounced his gags off announcer/straight man Graham McNamee; <mask>'s customary opening, "Tonight, Graham, the show's gonna be different," became one of the most familiar tag-lines of its time; a sample joke: "Graham, my uncle just bought a new second-handed car... he calls it Baby!I don't know, it won't go anyplace without a rattle!" <mask> reprised his Fire Chief radio character in two movies, Follow the Leader (1930) and The Chief (1933). Near the height of his radio fame (1933) he founded his own short-lived radio network the Amalgamated Broadcasting System, which lasted only five weeks, nearly destroying the comedian. According to radio historian Elizabeth McLeod, the failed venture left <mask> deep in debt, divorced and finally, suffering a nervous breakdown. <mask> was offered the title role The Wizard in MGM's 1939 screen adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, but turned it down, as did his Ziegfeld contemporary W. C. Fields. The part went to Frank Morgan. Television

<mask> first appeared on television on July 7, 1936 in a brief, ad-libbed spot with Graham McNamee during an NBC experimental television broadcast.In the 1949–50 season, <mask> hosted one of the first

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Ed Wynn
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title: Ed Wynn

texts: network, comedy-variety television shows, on CBS, and won both a Peabody Award and an Emmy Award in 1949. Buster Keaton, Carmen Miranda, Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Hattie McDaniel and The Three Stooges all made guest appearances with <mask>. This was the first CBS variety television show to originate from Los Angeles, which was seen live on the west coast, but filmed via kinescope for distribution in the Midwest and East, as the national coaxial cable had yet to be completed. <mask> was also a rotating host of NBC's Four Star Revue from 1950 through 1952. After the end of <mask>'s third television series, The <mask> Show (a short-lived situation comedy on NBC's 1958–59 schedule), his son, actor Keenan <mask>, encouraged him to make a career change rather than retire. The comedian reluctantly began a career as a dramatic actor in television and movies. Father and son appeared in three productions, the first of which was the 1956 Playhouse 90 broadcast of Rod Serling's play Requiem for a Heavyweight.<mask> was terrified of straight acting and kept goofing his lines in rehearsal. When the producers wanted to fire him, star Jack Palance said he would quit if they fired <mask>. (However, unbeknownst to <mask>, supporting player Ned Glass was his secret understudy in case something did happen before air time.) On live broadcast night, <mask> surprised everyone with his pitch-perfect performance, and his quick ad libs to cover his mistakes. A dramatization of what happened during the

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Ed Wynn
Wynn
Ed
Ed
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title: Ed Wynn

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 production was later staged as an April 1960 Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse episode, The Man in the Funny Suit, starring both senior and junior <mask>s, with key figures involved in the original production also portraying themselves (including Rod Serling and director Ralph Nelson). <mask> and his son also worked together in the Jose Ferrer film The Great Man, with <mask> again proving his unexpected skills in drama. Requiem established <mask> as a serious dramatic actor who could easily hold his own with the best.His performance in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959) received an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Also in 1959, <mask> appeared on Serling's TV series The Twilight Zone in  "One for the Angels". Serling, a longtime admirer, had written that episode especially for him, and <mask> later in 1963 starred in the episode "Ninety Years Without Slumbering". For the rest of his life, <mask> skillfully moved between comic and dramatic roles. He appeared in feature films and anthology television, endearing himself to new generations of fans. Cartoons
<mask> was caricatured in the Merrie Melodies cartoon shorts Shuffle Off to Buffalo (1933) and I've Got to Sing a Torch Song (1933), and as a pot of jam in the Betty Boop short Betty in Blunderland (1934). Films

He appeared as the Fairy Godfather in Jerry Lewis's Cinderfella.His performance as Paul Beaseley in the 1958 film The Great Man earned him nominations for a Golden Globe Award for "Best Supporting Actor" and a BAFTA

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title: Ed Wynn

texts:
 Award for "Best Foreign Actor". The following year he received his first (and only) nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Mr. Dussell in The Diary of Anne Frank (1959). Six years later he appeared in the Bible epic The Greatest Story Ever Told. <mask> provided the voice of the Mad Hatter in Walt Disney's film Alice in Wonderland (1951) and played The Toymaker alongside Annette Funicello and Tommy Sands in the Christmas operetta film Babes in Toyland released in 1961. Possibly his best-remembered film appearance was in Walt Disney's Mary Poppins (1964), in which he played eccentric Uncle Albert floating around just beneath the ceiling in uncontrollable mirth, singing "I Love to Laugh". Re-teaming with the Disney team the following year—in That Darn Cat! (1965), featuring Dean Jones and Hayley <mask> filled out the character of Mr. Hofstedder, the watch jeweler with his bumbling charm.He also had brief roles in The Absent Minded Professor (as the fire chief, in a scene alongside his son Keenan <mask>, who played the film's antagonist) and Son of Flubber (as county agricultural agent A.J. Allen). His final performance, as Rufus in Walt Disney's The Gnome-Mobile, was released a few months after his death. In addition to Disney films, <mask> was also an actor in the Disneyland production The Golden Horseshoe Revue. Death

<mask> died in June 19, 1966, in Beverly Hills, California, of esophageal cancer, aged 79. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park

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Mills Wynn
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 in Glendale. His bronze grave marker reads:

According to his granddaughter Hilda Levine, Walt Disney, who died a few months later, served as one of his pall bearers.Red Skelton, who was discovered by <mask>, stated: "His death is the first time he ever made anyone sad." <mask>'s distinct voice continues to be emulated by countless actors and comedians. It was deliberately emulated by Alan Tudyk for character Turbo/King Candy in Disney's animated film Wreck-It Ralph, by Daws Butler for the character of Wally Gator, by Paul Frees for the characters of Captain Peter "Wrongway" Peachfuzz on Rocky and Bullwinkle and Fred the lion from the Super Chicken segment of George of the Jungle, by Cam Clarke for character Multo in The Zula Patrol, by Joey D'Auria for the character Mr. Scatterbrain on The Mr. Men Show, by Meshach Taylor for the character Cecil in The Secret of NIMH 2: Timmy to the Rescue, by Kevin Michael Richardson for the character Uncle Pockets in Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends, by Dallas McKennon as Professor Kapp in the Gumby franchise, by Jeff Bennett for characters Choose Goose in Adventure Time and Ranger Jinx in Mixels, by Mark Silverman for the plush doll Herbie in Malcolm in the Middle, and by <mask> for the character of Dr. Blinky in H.R. Pufnstuf. <mask> was posthumously named a Disney Legend on August 10, 2013. (1937) – musical – actor in the role of "Chuckles"
Boys and Girls Together (1940) – revue – producer, co-book-writer, originator, director and

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title: Ed Wynn

texts:
 actor/performer
Morose Thoughts (1941) – revue – producer, book co-author, and actor
Laugh, Town, Laugh! of Agriculture agent)
77 Sunset Strip episode "5: Part 1" (1963) – actor (as Feigenstein)
The Twilight Zone episode "Ninety Years Without Slumbering" (1963) – actor (as Sam Forstmann)
Burke's Law episode "Who Killed Avery Lord?"(1964) – actor (as Zachary Belden)
For the Love of Willadean (1964) – actor (as Alfred)
The Patsy (1964) – actor (as <mask>)
Mary Poppins (1964) – actor (as Uncle Albert)
Slattery's People episode "Question: What Ever Happened to Ezra?" (1964) – actor (as Ezra Tallicott)
Dear Brigitte (1965) – actor (as The Captain and Narrator)
Those Calloways (1965) – actor (as <mask>)
Bonanza episode "The Ponderosa Birdman" (1965) – actor (as Professor Phineas T. Klump)
The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) – actor (as Old Aram)
That Darn Cat! (1965) – actor (as Mr. Hofstedder)
The Daydreamer (1966) – voice actor (as The Emperor)
Combat Episode “The Flying Machine” (1966) Actor (as Lt. Brannigan)
Vacation Playhouse episode "You're Only Young Twice" (1967) – actor (as Professor Hubert Abernathy)
The Gnome-Mobile (1967) – actor (as Rufus) – released after his death (final film role)

See also

List of actors with Academy Award nominations

References

External links

The <mask> Show at Classic TV Info. Four Star Revue/All Star Revue at Classic TV Info. Biography of <mask> at Ed-Wynn.info
<mask> papers at the Free Library of Philadelphia Theatre Collection
Radio Journeys:

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title: Demian Maia

texts:
<mask> (born 6 November 1977)  is a Brazilian professional submission grappler and mixed martial artist. He competed in both the Welterweight and Middleweight divisions of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC). <mask> is regarded as one of the greatest grapplers in MMA history. He has competed in two UFC title fights, losing against Anderson Silva for the UFC Middleweight Championship in 2010 and Tyron Woodley for the UFC Welterweight Championship in 2017. Background
Born in São Paulo, Brazil, <mask> trained in Judo as a child. He began at the age of four and trained until he was six. When he became a teenager, he also began studying Kung Fu and Karate.By age nineteen, <mask> was introduced to Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu by his cousin. After four years and seven months, <mask> received his black belt. <mask> <mask> finished college and graduated with a degree in journalism. He is currently a fifth-degree black belt in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and has won several major tournaments under Team Brasa. <mask> has previously credited a three-hour private lesson he once took with Rickson Gracie as one of the moments that had the biggest impact on his approach to Jiu-Jitsu and changed it entirely. He won the 77–87 kg weight division at 2007 ADCC Submission Wrestling World Championship, defeating Yushin Okami, Rafael Lovato, and Tarsis Humphres before armbarring Flavio Almeida in the finals. He also won the 2007 Super Challenge under 83 kg belt, defeating Vitelmo Kubis Bandeira by rear naked choke and Gustavo Machado by a judges decision before going on to defeat Fabio Negao by guillotine choke in the finals.On the heels of his ADCC

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title: Demian Maia

texts:
 Championship in 2007, <mask> released an instructional DVD series titled The Science of Jiu-Jitsu I & II in collaboration with the World Martial Arts company. <mask>'s grappling prowess is so highly regarded among MMA fighters that noted heavyweight submission artist and fellow BJJ black belt Frank Mir hired him as his head jiu-jitsu coach prior to his UFC 100 title fight with Brock Lesnar. Mir credits <mask> with bringing Mir's jiu-jitsu skills to different levels, saying "I thought I was actually good at it until I started rolling with him." <mask> has also defeated top-ranked UFC middleweight and multiple-time Mundial champion Ronaldo "Jacaré" Souza, as well as former UFC heavyweight title challenger and Mundial champion Gabriel Gonzaga twice in grappling competition. Mixed martial arts career

Early career
On 21 September 2001, fought against Raul Sosa at Tormenta en el Ring in Caracas, Venezuela. <mask> defeated Sosa by TKO in just 48 seconds to win his MMA debut. After a four-year layoff, he returned to submit Lukasz Chewlicki by armbar at The Cage Vol.4 – Redemption. <mask> next competed at Super Challenge 1, earning three victories in one night to be crowned the 2007 Super Challenge Champion in the under-83 kg division. In 2007, he competed in GFC – Evolution against Ryan Stout. Early in the first round, Stout's shoulder popped out of its socket after <mask> reversing him into a mount, causing a stoppage due to injury. Ultimate Fighting Championship
It was reported on 7 August 2007, that <mask> had signed a contract with the UFC. He was originally matched against veteran Marvin Eastman, but Eastman pulled

masks: Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia


title: Demian Maia

texts: out due to eye surgery. Ryan Jensen, who trained with Team Quest, was named as his replacement.The preliminary bout took place on 20 October at UFC 77 in Cincinnati, Ohio. <mask> won by rear naked choke in the first round and was awarded the Submission of the Night award, which paid him an extra $40,000. <mask> next fought TUF 3 finalist Ed Herman, another Team Quest fighter, at UFC 83 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada on 19 April 2008. <mask> defeated Herman by technical submission due to a mounted triangle choke at 2:27 of the second round. He again earned Submission of the Night honors for the victory, which paid him $75,000. <mask>'s third fight was at UFC 87 where he took on fellow Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu black belt Jason MacDonald. Both fighters entered the cage having won back-to-back Submission of the Night honors in the UFC.<mask> went on to defeat MacDonald by rear naked choke at 2:44 of the third round, earning $60,000 for another Submission of the Night bonus. With this award he became the first UFC fighter to earn three consecutive Submissions of the Night awards. His four consecutive dominating submissions in the UFC have quickly brought his skills to the forefront as possibly being the best pure grappler in the UFC. <mask> defeated heavy handed striker Nate Quarry at UFC 91 by rear naked choke in the first round. After the fight, <mask> expressed interest in fighting Michael Bisping next. Instead, <mask> would take on WEC standout and future UFC middleweight title contender Chael Sonnen in London, England at UFC 95 on 21 February 2009. During the match, <mask> tossed Sonnen over his head using a lateral drop

masks: Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia


title: Demian Maia

texts:
 takedown, taking Sonnen to the ground, where <mask> immediately achieved mount.<mask> then transitioned to a triangle choke, forcing Sonnen to tap at 2:24 of the first round. <mask>'s next opponent was former title contender Nate Marquardt at UFC 102 on 29 August. During an exchange of strikes, <mask> was knocked out by a straight right hand from Marquardt 21 seconds into the fight, resulting in his first career loss. <mask> faced Dan Miller on 6 February 2010, at UFC 109. <mask> won the fight via unanimous decision (30–27, 29–28, and 29–28). Middleweight Championship fight
After Vitor Belfort had to pull out of his upcoming match with UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson Silva at UFC 112 due to a shoulder injury suffered in training, <mask> was selected to fill the spot and take Silva on for the belt in what would be the UFC's first-ever open-air event in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. In the first two rounds, Silva appeared to mock his opponent, while also executing quick, precise striking.In the third round, however, Silva's tempo seemed to change and looked to <mask> to be the aggressor of the fight while he largely circled and taunted his opponent. In the fifth round, Silva's lack of action prompted referee Dan Miragliotta to warn Silva for his conduct and the crowd began to side with <mask>. After 5 rounds, Silva was declared the winner via unanimous decision. Post Title Fight

<mask> was then expected to fight Alan Belcher on 15 September 2010, at UFC Fight Night 22. However, on 1 August 2010, Belcher withdrew from the fight after undergoing emergency eye surgery for a detached retina. Belcher stated on

masks: Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia


title: Demian Maia

texts:
 his Twitter account that he started to lose the vision in his right eye while in Brazil. As a result, <mask> was also pulled from the event and faced Mario Miranda on 28 August 2010, at UFC 118.<mask> defeated Mario Miranda via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Kendall Grove on 4 December 2010, at The Ultimate Fighter 12 Finale. where he won by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Mark Muñoz on 11 June 2011, at UFC 131, where he lost a close contest by unanimous decision. <mask> defeated Jorge Santiago on 8 October 2011, at UFC 136 by unanimous decision. <mask> was expected to face Michael Bisping on 28 January 2012, at UFC on Fox 2. However, Bisping replaced an injured Mark Muñoz on the same card against Chael Sonnen, while <mask> faced undefeated Chris Weidman at the event.Weidman defeated <mask> via unanimous decision. The fight was initially announced as a split decision but the judges actually scored it as a unanimous decision, clarified by UFC President Dana White in a tweet. Drop to welterweight

After deciding to drop to the 170 pound division, <mask> faced Dong Hyun Kim in a welterweight bout on 7 July 2012, at UFC 148. The bout was stopped in forty-seven seconds by referee Mario Yamasaki, after <mask> took Kim down and finished him with strikes from the mounted position. UFC commentator Joe Rogan said that Kim had broken a rib, but it was later revealed that he suffered a major muscle spasm. <mask> fought Rick Story on 13 October 2012, at UFC 153. <mask> defeated Story via first round submission due to a neck crank.<mask> next faced Jon Fitch on 2 February 2013, at UFC 156. He dominated the former title

masks: Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia


title: Demian Maia

texts: challenger for all three rounds, earning a lopsided unanimous decision victory with all three judges scoring the fight 30–27. <mask> credited B.J. Penn and his gameplan against Fitch at UFC 127, which <mask> admitted he emulated to earn his victory. <mask> was expected to face Josh Koscheck on 3 August 2013, at UFC 163. However, Koscheck was forced out of the bout with an injury and as a result, <mask> was pulled from the card as well. For his fourth fight at welterweight, <mask> faced Jake Shields on 9 October 2013, at UFC Fight Night 29.As expected, the contest between the two decorated jiu-jitsu practitioners took place mostly on the ground with <mask> losing a split decision. <mask> faced Rory MacDonald at UFC 170 in Las Vegas, Nevada, on 22 February 2014. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. Despite the loss, the bout won <mask> his first Fight of the Night bonus award. <mask> was expected to face Mike Pierce on 31 May 2014, at The Ultimate Fighter Brazil 3 Finale. However Pierce had to pull out of the fight due to a broken hand. Pierce was replaced by UFC newcomer Alexander Yakovlev.<mask> won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was expected to face Mike Pyle on 23 August 2014, at UFC Fight Night 49. However he later came down with a staph infection and was forced to pull out of the bout. It was later revealed that <mask>'s infection had spread to the bone leading to osteomyelitis in his right clavicle. <mask> faced Ryan LaFlare on 21 March 2015, in the main event at UFC Fight Night 62. <mask> won the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> faced Neil Magny on 1 August 2015, at UFC 190.He won the

masks: Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia


title: Demian Maia

texts:
 fight via submission with a rear-naked choke in the second round and was awarded a Performance of the Night bonus. <mask> was briefly linked to a fight with Gunnar Nelson on 24 October 2015, at UFC Fight Night 76, but the bout did not materialize for that event as <mask> was sidelined with a staph infection on his left leg. The bout eventually took place on 12 December 2015, at UFC 194. <mask> won the one-sided fight via unanimous decision (30–26, 30–25, and 30–25). <mask> faced off against Matt Brown on 14 May 2016, at UFC 198. He won the fight via submission in the third round. <mask> next faced Carlos Condit on 27 August 2016, in the main event at UFC on Fox 21.He dominated the fight after quickly getting Condit to the ground and finishing with a rear-naked choke. <mask> faced Jorge Masvidal at UFC 211 on 13 May 2017. <mask> was able to takedown Masvidal repeatedly and control him on the ground. He won the fight via split decision. Welterweight Title Fight and beyond
After amassing a seven-fight win streak at welterweight, <mask> faced Welterweight champion Tyron Woodley on 29 July 2017 at UFC 214. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Colby Covington on 28 October 2017 at UFC Fight Night 119.He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was tabbed as an injury replacement (filling in for Santiago Ponzinibbio) and faced Kamaru Usman on 19 May 2018 at UFC Fight Night 129 He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Lyman Good on 2 February 2019 at UFC Fight Night 144. He won the fight via a standing rear-naked choke submission in the first round, becoming the first person to

masks: Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia Maia


title: Demian Maia

texts:
 finish Good in his MMA career. <mask> faced Anthony Rocco Martin on 29 June 2019 at UFC on ESPN: Ngannou vs. dos Santos. He won the fight via majority decision. <mask> faced Ben Askren on 26 October 2019 at UFC on ESPN+ 20.He won the grappling affair via submission in round three. This fight earned him the Fight of the Night award. <mask> faced Gilbert Burns on 14 March 2020 at UFC Fight Night 170. He lost the fight via technical knockout in round one. <mask> faced Belal Muhammad on 12 June 2021 at UFC 263. <mask> lost the fight via unanimous decision. In August 2021, it was reported that <mask> had finished his fight contract with the UFC and was removed from the UFC roster.Fighting style
<mask>'s fighting style is built around his exceptional abilities on the ground, where he has been able to dominate his opponents. <mask> has been called the best ground-fighter in the UFC on multiple occasions. <mask> uses double and single leg takedowns as well as trips to advance to a dominant position and soften his opponent up with ground and pound, waiting for an opening for a submission. On the ground, <mask> prefers to take the back mount, where he will look for a rear-naked choke. In the bottom position, <mask> uses single legs to sweep almost exclusively, and was able to sweep Gunnar Nelson repeatedly with his single leg. <mask> is also confident enough in his striking to close the distance and initiate takedowns. To date, <mask> has never been submitted in an MMA bout.Personal life
<mask>'s mother is of Russian ancestry. He has a wife named Renata, who works for a Brazilian magazine. <mask> listed UFC Hall of Famer


title: Demian Maia

texts:
 Royce Gracie as his inspiration to begin an MMA career, but lists Royce's brother Rickson Gracie as his primary hero. <mask> speaks Portuguese, Spanish and English. In 2020, <mask> opened a new academy in São Paulo, which also includes a jiu-jitsu museum. 4 - Redemption
|
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 4:22
|Helsinki, Finland
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|-
| Win
|align=center| 1–0
| Raul Sosa
| TKO (punches)
| Tormenta en el Ring
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|align=center| 1
|align=center| 0:48
|Caracas, Venezuela
|

See also

 List of male mixed martial artists
 List of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu practitioners

References

External links

 BJJ Heroes Demian <mask> Biography

1977 births
Living people
Sportspeople from São Paulo
Brazilian people of Russian descent
Brazilian male mixed martial artists
Welterweight mixed martial artists
Middleweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing judo
Mixed martial artists utilizing karate
Mixed martial artists utilizing wushu
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Brazilian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Brazilian male judoka
Brazilian male karateka
Brazilian wushu practitioners
Brazilian submission wrestlers
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Ultimate Fighting Championship male

masks: Maia Maia Maia


title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts:
<mask> (September 28, 1941 – October 14, 2001) was an American philosopher who is widely regarded as one of the most important philosophers of the 20th century. <mask> taught briefly at UCLA and then at Princeton University from 1970 until his death. He is closely associated with Australia, whose philosophical community he visited almost annually for more than 30 years. <mask> made significant contributions in philosophy of mind, philosophy of probability, epistemology, philosophical logic, aesthetics, philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of time and philosophy of science. In most of these fields he is considered among the most important figures of recent decades. But <mask> is most famous for his work in metaphysics, philosophy of language and semantics, in which his books On the Plurality of Worlds (1986) and Counterfactuals (1973) are considered classics. His works on the logic and semantics of counterfactual conditionals are broadly used by philosophers and linguists along with a competing account from Robert Stalnaker; together the Stalnaker-<mask> theory of counterfactuals has become perhaps the most pervasive and influential account of its type in the philosophical and linguistic literature.His metaphysics incorporated seminal contributions to quantified modal logic, the development of counterpart theory, counterfactual causation, and the position called "Humean supervenience". Most comprehensively in On the Plurality of Worlds, <mask> defended modal realism: the view that possible worlds exist as concrete entities in logical space, and that our world is one among many equally real possible ones. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Oberlin, Ohio, to John D<mask>, a Professor of Government at Oberlin College, and Ruth Ewart Kellogg <mask>, a distinguished medieval historian, through whom he was the grandson of the Presbyterian minister Edwin Henry Kellogg and the great-grandson

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David Kellogg Lewis
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title: David Lewis (philosopher)

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 of the Presbyterian missionary and Hindi expert Samuel H. Kellogg. The formidable intellect for which he was known later in his life was already manifest during his years at Oberlin High School, when he attended college lectures in chemistry. He went on to Swarthmore College and spent a year at Oxford University (1959–1960), where he was tutored by Iris Murdoch and attended lectures by Gilbert Ryle, H. P. Grice, P. F. Strawson, and J. L. Austin. It was his year at Oxford that played a seminal role in his decision to study philosophy, and that made him the quintessentially analytic philosopher he soon became. <mask> received his Ph.D from Harvard University in 1967, where he studied under W. V. O. Quine, many of whose views he came to repudiate.It was there that his connection with Australia was first established when he took a seminar with J. J. C. Smart, a leading Australian philosopher. "I taught <mask>," Smart would say in later years, "Or rather, he taught me." Early work on convention
<mask>'s first monograph was Convention: A Philosophical Study (1969), which is based on his doctoral dissertation and uses concepts of game theory to analyze the nature of social conventions; it won the American Philosophical Association's first Franklin Matchette Prize for the best book published in philosophy by a philosopher under 40. <mask> claimed that social conventions, such as the convention in most states that one drives on the right (not on the left), the convention that the original caller will re-call if a phone conversation is interrupted, etc., are solutions to so-called "'co-ordination problems'". Co-ordination problems were at the time of <mask>'s book an under-discussed kind of game-theoretical problem; most game-theoretical discussion had centered on problems where the participants are in conflict, such as the prisoner's dilemma. Co-ordination problems are problematic, for, though the

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title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts: participants have common interests, there are several solutions. Sometimes one of the solutions is "salient", a concept invented by the game-theorist and economist Thomas Schelling (by whom <mask> was much inspired).For example, a co-ordination problem that has the form of a meeting may have a salient solution if there is only one possible spot to meet in town. But in most cases, we must rely on what <mask> calls "precedent" for a salient solution. If both participants know that a particular co-ordination problem, say "which side should we drive on? ", has been solved in the same way numerous times before, both know that both know this, both know that both know that both know this, etc. (this particular state <mask> calls common knowledge, and it has since been much discussed by philosophers and game theorists), then they will easily solve the problem. That they have solved the problem successfully will be seen by even more people, and thus the convention will spread in the society. A convention is thus a behavioral regularity that sustains itself because it serves the interests of everyone involved.Another important feature of a convention is that a convention could be entirely different: one could just as well drive on the left; it is more or less arbitrary that one drives on the right in the US, for example. <mask>'s main goal in the book, however, was not simply to provide an account of convention but rather to investigate the "platitude that language is ruled by convention" (Convention, p. 1.) The book's last two chapters (Signalling Systems and Conventions of Language; cf. also "Languages and Language", 1975) make the case that a population's use of a language consists of conventions of truthfulness and trust among its members. <mask> recasts in this framework notions such as truth and analyticity, claiming that they are better understood as relations between sentences and a language

masks: Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts:
 rather than as properties of sentences. Counterfactuals and modal realism

<mask> went on to publish Counterfactuals (1973), which gives a modal analysis of the truth conditions of counterfactual conditionals in possible world semantics and the governing logic for such statements.According to <mask>, the counterfactual "If kangaroos had no tails they would topple over" is true if in all worlds most similar to the actual world where the antecedent "if kangaroos had no tails" is true, the consequent that kangaroos in fact topple over is also true. <mask> introduced the now standard "would" conditional operator  □→ to capture these conditionals' logic. A sentence of the form A □→ C is true on <mask>'s account for the same reasons given above. If there is a world maximally similar to ours where kangaroos lack tails but do not topple over, the counterfactual is false. The notion of similarity plays a crucial role in the analysis of the conditional. Intuitively, given the importance in our world of tails to kangaroos remaining upright, in the most similar worlds to ours where they have no tails they presumably topple over more frequently and so the counterfactual comes out true. This treatment of counterfactuals is closely related to an independently discovered account of conditionals by Robert Stalnaker, and so this kind of analysis is called Stalnaker-<mask> theory.The crucial areas of dispute between Stalnaker's account and <mask>'s are whether these conditionals quantify over constant or variable domains (strict analysis vs. variable-domain analysis) and whether the Limit assumption should be included in the accompanying logic. Linguist Angelika Kratzer has developed a competing theory for counterfactual or subjunctive conditionals, "premise semantics", which aims to give a better heuristic for determining the truth of such statements in light of their often vague and context-sensitive

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title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts:
 meanings. Kratzer's premise semantics does not diverge from <mask>'s for counterfactuals but aims to spread the analysis between context and similarity to give more accurate and concrete predictions for counterfactual truth conditions. Realism about possible worlds
What made <mask>'s views about counterfactuals controversial is that whereas Stalnaker treated possible worlds as imaginary entities, "made up" for the sake of theoretical convenience, <mask> adopted a position his formal account of counterfactuals did not commit him to, namely modal realism. On <mask>'s formulation, when we speak of a world where I made the shot that in this world I missed, we are speaking of a world just as real as this one, and although we say that in that world I made the shot, more precisely it is not I but a counterpart of mine who was successful. <mask> had already proposed this view in some of his earlier papers: "Counterpart Theory and Quantified Modal Logic" (1968), "Anselm and Actuality" (1970), and "Counterparts of Persons and their Bodies" (1971). The theory was widely considered implausible, but <mask> urged that it be taken seriously.Most often the idea that there exist infinitely many causally isolated universes, each as real as our own but different from it in some way, and that alluding to objects in this universe as necessary to explain what makes certain counterfactual statements true but not others, meets with what <mask> calls the "incredulous stare" (<mask>, On the Plurality of Worlds, 2005, pp. 135–137). He defends and elaborates his theory of extreme modal realism, while insisting that there is nothing extreme about it, in On the Plurality of Worlds (1986). <mask> acknowledges that his theory is contrary to common sense, but believes its advantages far outweigh this disadvantage, and that therefore we should not be hesitant to pay this price. According to <mask>, "actual" is merely an

masks: Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts:
 indexical label we give a world when we are in it. Things are necessarily true when they are true in all possible worlds. (<mask> is not the first to speak of possible worlds in this context.Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and C.I<mask>, for example, both speak of possible worlds as a way of thinking about possibility and necessity, and some of <mask>'s early work is on the counterpart theory. <mask>'s original suggestion was that all possible worlds are equally concrete, and the world in which we find ourselves is no realer than any other possible world.) Criticisms
This theory has faced a number of criticisms. In particular, it is not clear how we could know what goes on in other worlds. After all, they are causally disconnected from ours; we can't look into them to see what is going on there. A related objection is that, while people are concerned with what they could have done, they are not concerned with what people in other worlds, no matter how similar to them, do.As Saul Kripke once put it, a presidential candidate could not care less whether someone else, in another world, wins an election, but does care whether he himself could have won it (Kripke 1980, p. 45). Another criticism of the realist approach to possible worlds is that it has an inflated ontology—by extending the property of concreteness to more than the singular actual world it multiplies theoretical entities beyond what should be necessary to its explanatory aims, thereby violating the principle of parsimony, Occam's razor. But the opposite position could be taken on the view that the modal realist reduces the categories of possible worlds by eliminating the special case of the actual world as the exception to possible worlds as simple abstractions. Possible worlds are employed in the work of Kripke and many others, but not in the concrete sense <mask> propounded. While none of these alternative approaches has found anything

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title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts:
 near universal acceptance, very few philosophers accept <mask>'s brand of modal realism. Influence
At Princeton, <mask> was a mentor of young philosophers and trained dozens of successful figures in the field, including several current Princeton faculty members, as well as people now teaching at a number of the leading philosophy departments in the U.S. Among his most prominent students are Robert Brandom at the University of Pittsburgh, L.A. Paul at Yale, Cian Dorr and <mask> at NYU, Peter Railton at Michigan, and Joshua Greene at Harvard.His direct and indirect influence is evident in the work of many prominent philosophers of the current generation. Later life and death

<mask> suffered from severe diabetes for much of his life, which eventually grew worse and led to kidney failure. In July 2000 he received a kidney transplant from his wife Stephanie. The transplant allowed him to work and travel for another year, before he died suddenly and unexpectedly from further complications of his diabetes, on October 14, 2001. Since his death a number of posthumous papers have been published, on topics ranging from truth and causation to philosophy of physics. Lewisian Themes, a collection of papers on his philosophy, was published in 2004. A two-volume collection of his correspondence, Philosophical Letters of <mask><mask>, was published in 2020.A 2015 poll of philosophers conducted by Brian Leiter ranked <mask> the fourth most important Anglophone philosopher active between 1945 and 2000, behind only Quine, Kripke, and Rawls. Works

Books
Convention: A Philosophical Study, Harvard University Press 1969. Counterfactuals, Harvard University Press 1973; revised printing Blackwell 1986. Semantic Analysis: Essays Dedicated to Stig Kanger on His Fiftieth Birthday, Reidel 1974. On the Plurality of Worlds, Blackwell 1986. Parts of Classes, Blackwell 1991. <mask> published five volumes containing 99

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. Lewis
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title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts:
 papers—almost all the papers he published in his lifetime.They discuss his counterfactual theory of causation, the concept of semantic score, a contextualist analysis of knowledge, and a dispositional value theory, among many other topics. Philosophical Papers, Vol. I (1983) includes his early work on counterpart theory and the philosophy of language and of mind. Philosophical Papers, Vol. II (1986) includes his work on counterfactuals, causation, and decision theory, where he promotes his principal principle about rational belief. Its preface discusses Humean supervenience, the name <mask> gave to his overarching philosophical project. Papers in Philosophical Logic (1998).Papers in Metaphysics and Epistemology (1999) contains "Elusive Knowledge" and "Naming the Colours," honored by being reprinted in the Philosopher's Annual for the year they were first published. Papers in Ethics and Social Philosophy (2000). <mask>'s monograph Parts of Classes (1991), on the foundations of mathematics, sketched a reduction of set theory and Peano arithmetic to mereology and plural quantification. Very soon after its publication, <mask> became dissatisfied with some aspects of its argument; it is currently out of print (his paper "Mathematics is megethology," in "Papers in Philosophical Logic," is partly a summary and partly a revision of "Parts of Classes"). Selected papers
 "Counterpart Theory and Quantified Modal Logic." Journal of Philosophy 65 (1968): pp. 113–126."General semantics." Synthese, 22(1) (1970): pp. 18–67. "Causation." Journal of Philosophy 70 (1973): pp. 556–67. Reprinted with postscripts in Philosophical Papers: Volume II (1986)."The Paradoxes of Time Travel." American Philosophical Quarterly, April (1976): pp. 145–152. "Truth in Fiction." American Philosophical Quarterly 15 (1978): pp. 37–46. "How to Define Theoretical Terms."Journal of Philosophy 67 (1979): pp. 427–46. "Scorekeeping in

masks: Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: David Lewis (philosopher)

texts:
 a Language Game." Journal of Philosophical Logic 8 (1979): pp. 339–59. "Mad pain and Martian pain." Readings in the Philosophy of Psychology Vol.I. N. Block, ed. Harvard University Press (1980): pp. 216–222. "A Subjectivist’s Guide to Objective Chance”, in R. Jeffrey, ed., Studies in Inductive Logic and Probability: Volume II. Reprinted with postscripts in Philosophical Papers: Volume II (1986). "Are We Free to Break the Laws?" Theoria 47 (1981): pp.113–21. "New Work for a Theory of Universals." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 61 (1983): pp. 343–77. "What Experience Teaches." in Mind and Cognition by William G. Lycan, (1990 Ed.) pp.499–519. Article omitted from subsequent editions. "Elusive Knowledge", Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 74/4 (1996): pp. 549–567. See also
 American philosophy
 Bayesian epistemology
 List of American philosophers
 Canberra Plan
 Causal model
 Conversational scoreboard
 Counterfactuals
 Extended modal realism
 Formal semantics (natural language)

 <mask>'s triviality result
 Modal realism
 Possible world

References

External links

Photos from the weekend of the memorial service for <mask> in Princeton, February 2002

1941 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American philosophers
American ethicists
American logicians
American male non-fiction writers
American metaphysics writers
Analytic philosophers
Burials at Princeton Cemetery
Epistemologists
Harvard University alumni
Kidney transplant recipients
Metaphysicians
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Philosophers of ethics and morality
Philosophers of language
Philosophers of logic
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Swarthmore College alumni
20th-century American male writers
21st-century

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David Lewis


title: Evan Royster

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<mask> (born November 26, 1987) is a former American football running back. He was drafted in the sixth round of the 2011 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins. He played college football at Penn State University, where he was a three-year starter and an all-time leading rusher. High school career
<mask> attended Westfield High School in Chantilly, Virginia, where he totalled 6,384 yards on 750 carries (8.5 avg.) and 90 touchdowns and helped Westfield win three Concorde District Championships. As a sophomore, he ran for 1,690 yards and 22 touchdowns leading Westfield to their first state championship in school history. He added 2,160 yards and 30 touchdowns in his junior year.During his senior year, <mask> amassed 2,200 rushing yards and again tallied 30 touchdowns. He was a first-team all-state selection and The Washington Post first-team All-Met. Regarded as a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, <mask> was listed as the #26 running back prospect in the class of 2006. He chose Penn State over offers from Maryland, Nebraska, and Virginia Tech. While at Westfield High School, <mask> was one of the most coveted lacrosse prospects in the country. He scored 33 goals as a senior and played in the prestigious North-South All-American Lacrosse all-star game. He was heavily recruited by traditional lacrosse powerhouses such as Virginia and Johns Hopkins.<mask> became the second player in Westfield Bulldog football history to have his jersey retired. The Bulldogs retired <mask>'s #24 jersey during halftime of a 2012 game when the  Bulldogs went up against Fairfax High School Rebels. <mask>'s #24 was second to Eddie Royal's #5 when Royal had his jersey retired in 2009 when the Bulldogs went up against the Chantilly High School Chargers. College career

<mask> redshirted during his freshmen year at Penn State. <mask>, recruited out of Virginia, chose Penn State over other

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