title: Paul Shuey

texts:
 against the San Diego Padres. Though his fastball was able to reach  earlier in his career, <mask>'s fastball had difficulty reaching  due to his metal hip.On July 1, 2007, he recorded his first save since 2002, in a game against the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. He finished the 2007 season with a 9.82 ERA in 22 games. In his penultimate appearance, in the first game of an August 22 doubleheader, he surrendered the last nine runs in a 30–3 defeat to the Texas Rangers, an American League record for most runs scored by a single team. As his fastball increased in velocity, <mask> injured his back. The Orioles gave <mask> his outright release on September 5. Personal
<mask> was inducted into the Kinston Professional Baseball Hall of Fame in 2011 and the Millbrook High School Hall of Fame in 2012. <mask> lives with his family, including his wife Julie and three daughters; Morgan (born 1997), Casey (born 1998), and Kate (born 2006).in Wake Forest, North Carolina. He spends his time as a father, pitching coach, and bass fishing. He overcame posttraumatic stress disorder, which resulted from a car accident in 1996. <mask> competes in local bass fishing tournaments. He is hoping to compete in the Bassmaster Elite Series of the Bass Anglers Sportsman Society. See also

 List of Major League Baseball single-inning strikeout leaders

References

External links

Major League Baseball pitchers
Cleveland Indians players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Baltimore Orioles players
Baseball players from Ohio
Sportspeople from Lima, Ohio
1970 births
Living people
People from Wake County, North Carolina
Millbrook High School (NC) alumni
North Carolina Tar Heels baseball players
Canton-Akron Indians players
Columbus RedStixx players
Kinston Indians players
Charlotte Knights players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Akron Aeros players
Ogden Raptors players
Las Vegas 51s players
Bowie Baysox players
Norfolk Tides players
Pan American Games medalists in baseball
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Baseball players at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1991 Pan

masks: Shuey Shuey Shuey Shuey Shuey Shuey


title: Jacob Bernoulli

type: original

texts:
<mask> (also known as James or Jacques;  – 16 August 1705) was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the <mask> family. He was an early proponent of Leibnizian calculus and sided with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy. He is known for his numerous contributions to calculus, and along with his brother Johann, was one of the founders of the calculus of variations. He also discovered the fundamental mathematical constant . However, his most important contribution was in the field of probability, where he derived the first version of the law of large numbers in his work Ars Conjectandi. Biography
<mask> was born in Basel, Switzerland. Following his father's wish, he studied theology and entered the ministry.But contrary to the desires of his parents, he also studied mathematics and astronomy. He traveled throughout Europe from 1676 to 1682, learning about the latest discoveries in mathematics and the sciences under leading figures of the time. This included the work of Johannes Hudde, Robert Boyle, and Robert Hooke. During this time he also produced an incorrect theory of comets. <mask> returned to Switzerland, and began teaching mechanics at the University of Basel from 1683. His doctoral dissertation Solutionem tergemini problematis was submitted in 1684. It appeared in print in 1687.In 1684 <mask> married Judith Stupanus; they had two children. During this decade, he also began a fertile research career. His travels allowed him to establish correspondence with many leading mathematicians and scientists of his era, which he maintained throughout his life. During this time, he studied the new discoveries in mathematics, including Christiaan Huygens's De ratiociniis in aleae ludo, Descartes' La Géométrie and Frans van Schooten's supplements of it. He also studied Isaac Barrow and John Wallis, leading to his interest in infinitesimal

masks:
Jacob Bernoulli
Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Bernoulli
Bernoulli


title: Jacob Bernoulli

texts:
 geometry. Apart from these, it was between 1684 and 1689 that many of the results that were to make up Ars Conjectandi were discovered. He was appointed professor of mathematics at the University of Basel in 1687, remaining in this position for the rest of his life.By that time, he had begun tutoring his brother <mask> on mathematical topics. The two brothers began to study the calculus as presented by Leibniz in his 1684 paper on the differential calculus in "Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis" published in Acta Eruditorum. They also studied the publications of von Tschirnhaus. It must be understood that Leibniz's publications on the calculus were very obscure to mathematicians of that time and the Bernoullis were among the first to try to understand and apply Leibniz's theories. <mask> collaborated with his brother on various applications of calculus. However the atmosphere of collaboration between the two brothers turned into rivalry as Johann's own mathematical genius began to mature, with both of them attacking each other in print, and posing difficult mathematical challenges to test each other's skills. By 1697, the relationship had completely broken down.The lunar crater <mask> is also named after him jointly with his brother Johann. Important works
<mask>'s first important contributions were a pamphlet on the parallels of logic and algebra published in 1685, work on probability in 1685 and geometry in 1687. His geometry result gave a construction to divide any triangle into four equal parts with two perpendicular lines. By 1689 he had published important work on infinite series and published his law of large numbers in probability theory. <mask> published five treatises on infinite series between 1682 and 1704. The first two of these contained many results, such as the fundamental result that  diverges, which <mask> believed were new but they had actually been

masks:
Johann Bernoulli
Jacob
Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Bernoulli


title: Jacob Bernoulli

texts:
 proved by Pietro Mengoli 40 years earlier. Bernoulli could not find a closed form for , but he did show that it converged to a finite limit less than 2.Euler was the first to find the limit of this series in 1737. <mask> also studied the exponential series which came out of examining compound interest. In May 1690 in a paper published in Acta Eruditorum, <mask> showed that the problem of determining the isochrone is equivalent to solving a first-order nonlinear differential equation. The isochrone, or curve of constant descent, is the curve along which a particle will descend under gravity from any point to the bottom in exactly the same time, no matter what the starting point. It had been studied by Huygens in 1687 and Leibniz in 1689. After finding the differential equation, <mask> then solved it by what we now call separation of variables. <mask>'s paper of 1690 is important for the history of calculus, since the term integral appears for the first time with its integration meaning.In 1696 <mask> solved the equation, now called the Bernoulli differential equation,

<mask> also discovered a general method to determine evolutes of a curve as the envelope of its circles of curvature. He also investigated caustic curves and in particular he studied these associated curves of the parabola, the logarithmic spiral and epicycloids around 1692. The lemniscate of Bernoulli was first conceived by <mask> in 1694. In 1695 he investigated the drawbridge problem which seeks the curve required so that a weight sliding along the cable always keeps the drawbridge balanced. <mask>'s most original work was Ars Conjectandi published in Basel in 1713, eight years after his death. The work was incomplete at the time of his death but it is still a work of the greatest significance in the theory of probability. In the book Bernoulli reviewed work of others on probability, in particular work by

masks:
Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli


title: Jacob Bernoulli

texts:
 van Schooten, Leibniz, and Prestet.The Bernoulli numbers appear in the book in a discussion of the exponential series. Many examples are given on how much one would expect to win playing various games of chance. The term Bernoulli trial resulted from this work. There are interesting thoughts on what probability really is:
... probability as a measurable degree of certainty; necessity and chance; moral versus mathematical expectation; a priori an a posteriori probability; expectation of winning when players are divided according to dexterity; regard of all available arguments, their valuation, and their calculable evaluation; law of large numbers ...
<mask> was one of the most significant promoters of the formal methods of higher analysis. Astuteness and elegance are seldom found in his method of presentation and expression, but there is a maximum of integrity. Discovery of the mathematical constant e
In 1683 Bernoulli discovered the constant e by studying a question about compound interest which required him to find the value of the following expression (which is in fact ):

One example is an account that starts with $1.00 and pays 100 percent interest per year. If the interest is credited once, at the end of the year, the value is $2.00; but if the interest is computed and added twice in the year, the $1 is multiplied by 1.5 twice, yielding $1.00×1.5² = $2.25.Compounding quarterly yields $1.00×1.254 = $2.4414..., and compounding monthly yields $1.00×(1.0833...)12 = $2.613035....

Bernoulli noticed that this sequence approaches a limit (the force of interest) for more and smaller compounding intervals. Compounding weekly yields $2.692597..., while compounding daily yields $2.714567..., just two cents more. Using  as the number of compounding intervals, with interest of 100% /  in each interval, the limit for large  is the number that Euler later named ; with continuous


title: Jacob Bernoulli

texts:
 compounding, the account value will reach $2.7182818.... More generally, an account that starts at $1, and yields (1+) dollars at Compound interest, will yield  dollars with continuous compounding. Tombstone

Bernoulli wanted a logarithmic spiral and the motto Eadem mutata resurgo ('Although changed, I rise again the same') engraved on his tombstone. He wrote that the self-similar spiral "may be used as a symbol, either of fortitude and constancy in adversity, or of the human body, which after all its changes, even after death, will be restored to its exact and perfect self." <mask> died in 1705, but an Archimedean spiral was engraved rather than a logarithmic one. Translation of Latin inscription:
<mask>, the incomparable mathematician.Professor at the University of Basel For more than 18 years;
member of the Royal Academies of Paris and Berlin; famous for his writings. Of a chronic illness, of sound mind to the end;
succumbed in the year of grace 1705, the 16th of August, at the age of 50 years and 7 months, awaiting the resurrection. Judith Stupanus,
his wife for 20 years,
and his two children have erected a monument to the husband and father they miss so much. Works
  (title roughly translates as "A new hypothesis for the system of comets".) Ars conjectandi, opus posthumum, Basileae, impensis Thurnisiorum Fratrum, 1713. Notes

References

Further reading

External links

 Gottfried Leibniz and Jakob Bernoulli Correspondence Regarding the Art of Conjecturing"

1655 births
1705 deaths
17th-century apocalypticists
17th-century Swiss mathematicians
17th-century Swiss people
18th-century apocalypticists
18th-century Latin-language writers
18th-century male writers
18th-century Swiss mathematicians
<mask>urials at Basel Münster
Members of the French Academy of Sciences
Number theorists
People from Basel-Stadt
Probability theorists
Swiss mathematicians
Swiss

masks:
Bernoulli
Jacob Bernoulli
Jacob B


title: Andrée Watters

texts:
<mask> (born January 25, 1983) is a musician and a two-time Félix Award winner from Quebec

Biography

Watters was born in Charlesbourg, Quebec, grew up in the Quebec City region and first showed her talent in a Christmas-related musical comedy when she was 15 years old. She later participated in a youth singing contest in which she finished first provincially and third across Canada. After moving to Montreal two years later, she made her first live public appearance in the Radio-Canada game show La Fureur. <mask>' brother Patrick, who worked as a firefighter in Alberta, Canada, was killed in July 2007 in a helicopter crash while he and several hundred other firefighters combated a major forest fire near Fort McMurray in northern Alberta. Four others were injured in the incident. In 2003, after signing with Sony BMG, Watters released her first album AW, co-written and produced by Fred St-Gelais, which sold 75,000 copies in Quebec alone.The hits "Si exceptionnel" and "Ne reste pas" were the two songs that charted the highest in the Quebec Francophone charts including the Radio Énergie Countdown across the province. There were attempts by the label company to release a European version of the disc in France, but the project was cancelled.After the success of the album AW, she was awarded a Félix Award as "Best Rock Album of the Year" and was nominated to four other Félix awards. Her second album À travers was released in 2005 with "Laisse la pluie" being the most notable hit across the charts in Quebec. In 2006, along with Bruno Pelletier, Sylvain Cossette, Daniel Boucher and

masks:
Andrée Watters Michaud
Watters


title: Andrée Watters

texts:
 Wanna Have Fun!, 70s, All Star, 5x5, Glam Rock, as well as children projects: Ari Cui Cui, Lily et le Lutin, and Pyjama Party. In 2017, Andrée Watters Productions launched ReCover Band, SuperNOVA, Funk & Soul and a reboot of the hit show Girls Wanna Have Fun! <mask> <mask> is managed by Mark Vinet, a Montreal-based entertainment lawyer and businessman.Awards and nominations
In 2004, the success of the album resulted in a Félix Award for "Best Rock Album of the Year" at the annual ADISQ awards, the Quebec provincial version of the Canadian Juno Awards. She was also nominated for four other Felix awards including "Best Female Singer of the Year  and "Breakthrough Artist of the Year". In 2006, she again won a Félix Award for "Best Rock Album of the Year" for her sophomore effort titled "À Travers". In 2009, she received a SOCAN award for the song Tout de moi. She was nominated for 2 Adisq Felix awards, including Best Country Album in 2012. She also received multiple ADISQ nominations for her company's work on various music albums between 2014-17. "Qui je suis" (soundtrack)
From Minuit"Minuit"
"Tout de moi"
"À distance"
"Le tour du monde"
From Country Rock"Émerveille-moi"
"Ma liberté"
"One Day"
"Une photo de toi"
"Tu peux m'oublier"

Filmography

 Taking the Plunge (À vos marques...party!)'' - 2007

References

External links
 Mark Vinet Management website
 Andree <mask> website
 Andree <mask> biography courtesy of Quebec Info Musique

1983 births
Living people
Canadian women rock singers
Musicians from Quebec City
French-language singers of Canada
21st-century Canadian women

masks: Andrée Watters Watters Watters


title: Jay Garner

texts:
<mask> (born April 15, 1938) is a retired United States Army lieutenant general who in 2003 was appointed as Director of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq but was soon replaced by Ambassador Paul Bremer and the ambassador's successor organization to ORHA, the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA). Early life and education

Born in Arcadia, Florida, <mask> served an enlistment in the United States Marine Corps before attending the Florida State University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in History in 1962. He also holds a master's in public administration from Shippensburg State University. Military career
Commissioned as an army second lieutenant in 1962, <mask> served two tours in Vietnam, and later led two air defense units in Germany. He also served as deputy commanding general at Fort Bliss, Texas. <mask> helped to develop the Patriot missile system and commanded missile batteries during the Gulf War. After the war he was put in charge of securing Kurdish areas in Iraq.He was later named commander of the United States Army Space and Strategic Defense Command (working primarily on President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative missile shield program), and concluded his army career as Assistant Vice Chief of Staff, retiring in 1997 at the rank of lieutenant general. After leaving the army, <mask> became president of SYColeman, a defense contractor which designs missile communications and targeting systems used in the Patriot and Arrow missile systems. (He has been on unpaid leave from the company since January 2003). <mask> served on a presidential panel, chaired by Donald Rumsfeld, which specializes in space and missile threats. He has also worked closely with the Israel Defense Forces. Involvement in the Iraq War
In 2003 <mask> was selected to lead

masks:
Jay Montgomery Garner
Garner
Garner
Garner
Garner
Garner
Garner


title: Jay Garner

texts: the post-war reconstruction efforts in Iraq, along with three deputies, including British Major-General Tim Cross. <mask> was regarded as a natural choice by the Bush administration given his earlier similar role in the north.General <mask> was to develop and implement plans to assist the Iraqis in developing governance and reconstructing the country once Saddam Hussein was deposed. Following the defeat of the Saddam Hussein regime in Baghdad, there was widespread looting, rampaging, and general chaos throughout Iraq. Some of the most important monuments, such as the national museum, were under attack. Furthermore, the infrastructure of the country was in ruins, ministries were broken into, and government records were destroyed. The situation in Iraq became chaotic and anarchic. The only ministry which was protected by the occupying forces was the oil ministry. In addition, many exiled leaders from Iran and some from the West returned to Iraq.The Bush Administration selected Lieutenant General <mask> to lead the Coalition Provisional Authority (an intermediary government) in an attempt to rid Iraq of the chaos and anarchy that consumed the area. <mask>'s plan was to choose government officials from the former Iraqi regime to help lead the country. <mask> began reconstruction efforts in March 2003 with plans aiming for Iraqis to hold elections within 90 days and for the U.S. to quickly pull troops out of the cities to a desert base. Talabani, a member of <mask>'s staff in Kuwait before the war, was consulted on several occasions to help the U.S. select a liberal Iraqi government; this would be the first liberal government to exist in Iraq. In an interview with Time magazine, <mask> stated that "as in any totalitarian regime, there were many people who needed to join the Baath Party in order to get ahead in their careers. We don't

masks:
Garner
Garner
Jay Garner
Garner
Garner
Jay Garner
Garner


title: Jay Garner

texts: have a problem with most of them. But we do have a problem with those who were part of the thug mechanism under Saddam.Once the U.S. identifies those in the second group, we will get rid of them." On April 15, 2003, General <mask> called a conference in the city of Nasiriyah, where <mask>, along with 100 Iraqis, discussed the future of Iraq. <mask> called a follow-up meeting on April 28, 2003. 250 Iraqis attended this meeting, and five of these Iraqis were selected by <mask>'s administration as the core leaders of the new Iraqi government: Masood Barzani was appointed as head of the Kurdistan Democratic Party, Jalal Talbani as head of the rival Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, Abdul Aziz Al Hakim was appointed as the leader of the Supreme Assembly for Islamic Revolution in Iraq, Ahmad Chalabi was chosen to represent the Iraqi National Congress and Iyad Allawi was appointed as the leader of the Iraqi National Accord. <mask>'s selection caused quite a stir amongst many Iraqis. Although many Iraqis were open to the change that <mask> and the U.S. were bringing to Iraq, others were resentful. Iraqis with a Shi'a background felt underrepresented in <mask>'s selection for government.Three of the five officials appointed as key members in Iraq's new government were of Sunni background, one official was from a mixed Sunni–Shi'a background, and only one of the officials was of pure Shi'a background. The Shi'a felt left out and underrepresented, considering they comprise over 60% of the Iraqi population. Therefore, this caused a great deal of controversy. Furthermore, many Iraqis felt this new government was not selected in a democratic manner as the U.S. had promised. Once the leaders were selected, a plan to hold elections in Iraq, where members would be selected, began on May 6, 2003 and ended on November 14, 2003, when the plan was

masks: Garner Garner Garner Garner Garner Garner Garner


title: Jay Garner

texts:
 abandoned. General <mask> would be replaced by a new American Ambassador to Iraq, Paul Bremer, who took his role as head of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Following <mask>'s dismissal, it was planned that an Iraq government would take power in June 2004.Iyad Allawi was designated to lead the Iraqi interim authority. Allawi was a former Baathist of Shi'a origin. Allawi had many credentials, including previous work experience with the CIA. When <mask> was replaced in his role by Paul Bremer on May 11, 2003, there was quite a bit of speculation as to why he was replaced so abruptly. It has been suggested that <mask> was moved aside because he did not agree with the White House about who should decide how to reconstruct Iraq. He wanted early elections—90 days after the fall of Baghdad—and the new government to decide how to run the country and what to do with its assets. <mask> said "I don't think [Iraqis] need to go by the U.S. plan, I think that what we need to do is set an Iraqi government that represents the freely elected will of the people.It's their country ... their oil." Some experts faulted <mask> for prioritizing elections over improving and privatizing the Iraqi economy. <mask> was interviewed in No End in Sight, a 2007 documentary movie very critical of the handling of the Iraq occupation. References

External links

General reverses his role San Francisco Chronicle, February 26, 2003. SYColeman company page
PBS Frontline

C-SPAN Q&A interview with <mask>, December 10, 2006

1938 births
Living people
United States Army personnel of the Gulf War
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Coalition Provisional Authority
Florida Republicans
People from Arcadia, Florida
People from Windermere, Florida
United States Army generals
United States Marines
Florida State University alumni
Shippensburg University of

masks: Garner Garner Garner Garner Garner Garner Garner Garner


title: Rogério Lobo (boxer)

texts:
<mask> (January 26, 1971 – July 28, 2006) was a professional boxer. Boxing career
Born in São Paulo, Brazil, <mask> turned professional in 1995 and was known as a journeyman fighter in Brazil before getting a couple of main event fights in the United States and even Italy and Fiji. Although he never defeated a notable foe, he suffered losses to contenders Vincenzo Cantatore, Owen Beck, Jean François Bergeron, Timor Ibragimov, Mike Mollo and Kali Meehan. His final fight was a KO win via a right hook in late 2006. <mask> was killed just two days after his last fight, during an armed robbery in a restaurant he owned in Sao Paulo. <mask> bought the establishment with the money he received after his two fights in Las Vegas in 2003. <mask> was shot multiple times in the chest and arms by assailants.He died hours later after going into cardiac arrest at a local hospital in Sao Paulo. He left behind his wife <mask> and an 18-month-old son. After his death, the promotion he last fought for in his native Brazil held a memorial event in his memory and to raise money for his wife and son.

masks:
Rogério Lobo
Lobo
Death Lobo
Lobo
Rogério
Ana Lobo


title: Hellmuth Walter

texts:
<mask> (26 August 1900 – 16 December 1980) was a German engineer who pioneered research into rocket engines and gas turbines. His most noteworthy contributions were rocket motors for the Messerschmitt Me 163 and Bachem Ba 349 interceptor aircraft, so-called Starthilfe jettisonable rocket propulsion units used for a variety of Luftwaffe aircraft during World War II, and a revolutionary new propulsion system for submarines known as air-independent propulsion (AIP). Early life

<mask> began training as a machinist in 1917 in Hamburg and in 1921 commenced studies in mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Berlin. He left before completing these studies, however, in order to take up a position at the Stettiner Maschinenbau AG Vulcan, a major shipyard. <mask>'s experience with marine engines here led him to become interested in overcoming some of the limitations of the internal combustion engine. He reasoned that an engine powered by a fuel source already rich with oxygen would not require an external supply of oxygen (from the atmosphere or from tanks). This would have obvious advantages for powering submarines and torpedoes.Research suggested that hydrogen peroxide was a suitable monopropellant fuel—in the presence of a suitable catalyst it would break down into oxygen and steam at high temperature. The heat of the reaction would cause the oxygen and steam to expand, and this could be used as a source of pressure. <mask> also realised that another fuel could be injected into this hot mixture of gases to provide combustion and therefore more power. He patented this idea in 1925. Entrepreneur
After working for some time at the Germaniawerft shipyard in Kiel, <mask>

masks:
Hellmuth Walter
Walter
Walter
Walter
Walter


title: Hellmuth Walter

texts:
 branched out on his own in 1934 to form his own company, Hellmuth Walter Kommanditgesellschaft (HWK, or Walter-Werke), to further research and development of his ideas. That same year, he made a proposal to the Oberkommando der Kriegsmarine (OKM – Naval High Command) suggesting that a submarine powered by one of these engines would have considerable speed advantages over the conventional combination of diesel engine(s) for surface running and electric motor(s) while submerged. The proposal was met with much scepticism, but <mask> persisted, and in 1937 showed his plans to Karl Dönitz, who was able to assist in obtaining a contract to produce a prototype.Construction started in 1939 on a small research submarine designated the V-80. When it was launched in 1940, the submarine demonstrated a top speed of 23 knots submerged, twice that of any submarine in the world at the time. Despite these spectacular results, problems with the production, supply, and safe handling of hydrogen peroxide prevented wide-scale implementation of <mask>'s revolutionary engine. In the end, only a handful of German Type XVII submarines were built using this engine, and none saw combat. Rocket engines

At the same time that <mask> was developing submarine engines, he was also applying his ideas to rocketry. The high-pressure gas mixture created by the rapid decomposition of hydrogen peroxide could not only be used in a turbine, but if simply directed out of a nozzle, created considerable thrust. Wernher von Braun's rocketry team working at Peenemünde expressed interest in <mask>'s ideas, and in 1936 began a programme of installing <mask> rockets into aircraft.The experimental results obtained by von

masks: Walter Walter Walter Walter Walter


title: Hellmuth Walter

texts: Braun created interest among Germany's aircraft manufacturers, including Heinkel and Messerschmitt, and in 1939, the Heinkel He 176 became the first aircraft to fly on liquid-fuelled rocket power alone. This type of engine went on to become the cornerstone of the Messerschmitt Me 163 rocket-powered fighter, when married to Alexander Lippisch's revolutionary airframe design. Throughout the course of World War II, Walter's aircraft engines became increasingly powerful and refined. The original design of simply decomposing hydrogen peroxide was soon changed to its use as an oxidizer (much like dinitrogen tetroxide would be used later) when combined with a hydrazine/methanol true rocket fuel designated C-Stoff, into the hot, high-pressure gases, and in later, never-deployed developments, a second, 400 kg (880 lb) thrust "cruising" combustion chamber, nicknamed a Marschofen, was added below the main chamber to allow for more precise control of the engine. Versions of this engine were intended to power a variety of aircraft design proposals and missile projects and was also licence-built in Japan (see HWK 109-509). Another Walter engine was used to assist heavily laden aircraft to take off (JATO or RATO). When the rockets' fuel had run out, they would separate from the aircraft and return to the ground by parachute for refurbishment and re-use (see Walther HWK 109-500).In 1945, <mask> was awarded the Knight's Cross for his wartime service. <mask> was captured by a British Army unit named T-Force following a 60-mile advance behind German lines to prevent his research falling into the hands of the advancing Russians. His factory was then investigated by 30 Assault Unit, a unit of

masks: Walter Walter


title: Hellmuth Walter

texts:
 Royal Marines which had been established by James Bond author Ian Fleming. Post-war career

The end of the war saw all of his research materials confiscated by the British military and <mask> and his colleagues taken to the UK to work for the Royal Navy. With <mask>'s co-operation, one of the German submarines using his drive, the U-1407 was raised from where it had been scuttled and re-commissioned as HMS Meteorite. The Royal Navy constructed two more submarines using AIP engines before abandoning research in this direction in favour of nuclear power. Allowed to return to Germany in 1948, <mask> worked for the Paul Seifert Engine Works.In 1950 he emigrated to the United States and joined the Worthington Pump Corporation of Harrison, New Jersey, eventually becoming vice president of research and development. In 1956 he founded the company Hellmuth Walter GmbH in Kiel, and in 1967 constructed a civilian submarine, STINT, with <mask> propulsion. See also

List of German inventors and discoverers

Notes

References

External links

 "The Hellmuth Walter Website"

1900 births
1980 deaths
Engineers from Schleswig-Holstein
German rocket scientists
German emigrants to the United States
Recipients of the Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross
People from

masks: Walter Walter Walter Walter


title: Olive Willis

texts:
<mask> (26 October 1877 – 11 March 1964) was an English educationist and headmistress. She founded Downe House School and was its head for nearly forty years, from 1907 to 1946. Early life
<mask> was born in 1877 at 65 Thistle Grove, Kensington, London, a daughter of <mask> (1839–1916), a school inspector who later became Chief Inspector of Schools for the west of England, and of <mask>, who was a daughter of James Coutts Crawford. There were five children in the family, four daughters and a son, and <mask> was the second girl. <mask> had been educated at Cambridge, where he was an officer of the Cambridge University Rifle Volunteers, and he liked to take his children on climbing holidays in Switzerland. <mask> later remembered that they had "suffered from a surfeit of beautiful things on an empty stomach". <mask> was a rebellious child.In 1891, she was sent as a boarder to the new Wimbledon House in Brighton, which while she was there became Roedean School, and was there for four years. From 1898 to 1901, she was at Somerville College, Oxford, where she read History, gaining a third class in her Finals. Religion
Although baptized in the Church of England, the <mask>es attended a Theistic church founded by the Rev. Charles Voysey in Swallow Street, near Piccadilly. At Roedean, <mask> objected to the lack of religious teaching, was attracted to Anglo-Catholicism, and at the age of seventeen was confirmed at the High Anglican St Cuthbert's, Earls Court, remaining a lifelong Anglican. Career
After Oxford, <mask> taught history for one year at Queen Anne's School, Caversham, then in 1902 returned to her

masks:
Olive Margaret Willis
Willis
John Armine Willis
Janet Willis
Willis
John Armine Willis
Willis
Olive Willis
Willis
Willis
Willis


title: Olive Willis

texts: own old school, Roedean, where she remained for two years. After that, she became a supply teacher, teaching in a wide range of schools, including the Haberdashers' Aske's School for Girls, which was then in Acton, and a school in Chesterfield.In 1907, with her friend Alice Carver as a non-teaching partner, <mask> founded a new girls' boarding school called Downe House. They raised £1,500 to rent and equip Down House in the village of Downe, near Orpington, Kent, a house which had previously been the home of Charles Darwin. The school began with one girl and five mistresses. Its aim was to achieve educational excellence in a framework which was relaxed but structured. Three more girls were added to the school by the Spring of 1908, and by 1910 there were thirty-six girls, of whom all but four were boarders. <mask> herself taught English, Latin, Scripture, and history, while Carver was matron and kept house. Carver withdrew from their partnership in 1912, and <mask> ran the school alone until 1919, when she took on a new partner called Lilian Heather, who had been at the school since 1907 as a part-time teacher of Science and Mathematics.The school became popular with literary and academic parents. In 1913, Punch magazine's annual cricket match was played at Downe, with E. V. Lucas, a school parent, captaining one team and J. M. Barrie the other, his team including A. A. Milne. The school produced authors of its own. One of <mask>'s early pupils was the Anglo-Irish girl Elizabeth Bowen (1899–1973), who became a significant novelist, and Audrey Richards (1899–1984), later a social anthropologist, was

masks: Willis Willis Willis Willis


title: Olive Willis

texts: her exact contemporary. Other pupils included the sculptress Betty Rea (1904–1965), writers Aletha Hayter (1911–2006) and Priscilla Napier (1908–1998), the poet Anne Ridler (1912–2001), the philosopher Mary Scrutton, the archaeologist Aileen Fox (1907–2005), and the musician Evelyn Rothwell (1911–2008). The composer Robin Milford taught at the school, while Myra Hess gave piano recitals and played with the school orchestra.In December 1921, with the help of an uncle and with a loan from two parents of girls at the school, <mask> bought The Cloisters, Cold Ash, Berkshire, with sixty acres, for £11,976. The Cloisters had been designed by the architect James MacLaren Ross and was built during the First World War for a religious order called 'The School of Silence', but the order had been unable to keep up the payments on its mortgage. <mask> was able to move her school there just four months after the purchase, in April 1922. For the Summer term of 1922, the school had eighty-three girls, and by 1925 there were 118. Downe House had arrived as a leading girls' school. As a headmistress, <mask> had an imposing presence, but a balanced personality, and she inspired respect in her girls. She wanted her school to be a place where "life should be normal", with some freedom and a natural pace.In education, <mask> believed that girls should not try to be like boys, and she aimed at a serious attitude towards education, preparing some of her pupils for university life. She could be difficult to work with and knew little of housekeeping, but many of her staff, like her business partner Lilian Heather, were devoted


title: Olive Willis

texts:
 to her. One employee, the eccentric Maria Nickel, was her chauffeur, handyman, architect and engineer, and slept in her bathroom. Retirement
Heather died in 1943, and in 1944 <mask> gave up the ownership of the school, which was transferred to a public body. She retired as headmistress in 1946, but intended to go on living at Hill House, which had been built for her in the school's grounds. This led to her chosen successor moving to another school, and <mask> decided to divide her time between Hill House and a second home at 38, Tedworth Square, Chelsea, London SW3. She kept up with old pupils and continued her interests in the Bermondsey Time and Talents Settlement and in the Girl Guides movement.After living nearly twenty years in retirement, <mask> died at her London home on 11 March 1964, in her 87th year, of a perforated duodenal ulcer. She was cremated, and her ashes were buried in a memorial garden at Downe House. Her estate at death amounted to £16,510. Bibliography
Ridler, Anne, <mask> and Downe House: an adventure in education (London: Murray, 1967, Dewey ref. 376'.9422'3)
Avery, Gillian, "<mask>, <mask> (1877–1964), headmistress", in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004)
Horsler, Val, & Jenny Kingsland, Downe House: a Mystery and a Miracle (London: Third Millennium Publishing, 2006,  & )

References

1877 births
1964 deaths
Alumni of Somerville College, Oxford
English educational theorists
Founders of English schools and colleges
People educated at Roedean School, East Sussex
Women school principals and headteachers
Women heads of schools in the United

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title: Rufus Wainwright

texts:
<mask> (born July 22, 1973) is an American-Canadian singer, songwriter, and composer. He has recorded nine albums of original music and numerous tracks on compilations and film soundtracks. He has also written two classical operas and set Shakespeare's sonnets to music for a theater piece by Robert Wilson. <mask>'s self-titled debut album was released through DreamWorks Records in May 1998. His second album, Poses, was released in June 2001. <mask>'s third and fourth studio albums, Want One (2003) and Want Two (2004), were repackaged as the double album Want in 2005. In 2007, <mask> released his fifth studio album Release the Stars and his first live album Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall.His second live album Milwaukee at Last!!! was released in 2009, followed by the studio albums All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu (2010) and Out of the Game (2012). The double album Prima Donna (2015), was a recording of his opera of the same name. His ninth studio album Take All My Loves: 9 Shakespeare Sonnets (2016), featured nine adaptions of Shakespeare's sonnets. <mask>' 10th studio album, Unfollow the Rules, was released on July 20, 2020. <mask> is the son of musicians Loudon <mask> III and Kate McGarrigle, and the older brother of singer <mask>. Life and career

Early years
<mask> was born in Rhinebeck, New York, to folk singers Kate McGarrigle and Loudon <mask> III.His parents divorced when he was three, and he lived with his mother in Montreal for most of his youth. His father is a descendant of Peter Stuyvesant, the 17th century Dutch governor of New Amsterdam, later New York. <mask> has dual US and Canadian citizenship. He

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title: Rufus Wainwright

texts: attended high school at the Millbrook School in New York (which would later inspire his song "Millbrook"), and later briefly studied piano at McGill in Montreal. He began playing the piano at age six, and started touring at age 13 with "The McGarrigle Sisters and Family", a folk group featuring <mask>, his sister Martha, his mother Kate, and aunt Anna. His song "I'm a-Runnin'", which he performed in the film Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller at the age of 14, earned him a nomination for a 1989 Genie Award for Best Original Song. He was nominated for a 1990 Juno Award for Most Promising Male Vocalist of the Year.<mask> identified as gay while a teenager. In 1999, he told Rolling Stone that his father recognized his homosexuality early on. "We'd drive around in the car, he'd play 'Heart of Glass' and I'd sort of mouth the words, pretend to be Blondie. Just a sign of many other things to come as well." <mask> later said in another interview that his "mother and father could not even handle me being gay. We never talked about it really." <mask> became interested in opera during his adolescent years, and the genre strongly influences his music.(For instance, the song "Barcelona" features lyrics from the libretto of Giuseppe Verdi's opera, Macbeth.) During this time, he became interested in Édith Piaf, Al Jolson, and Judy Garland. As a youth he trained at Interlochen Arts Camp, studying classical music. At age 14, <mask> was sexually assaulted in London's Hyde Park after picking up a man at a bar. In an interview years later, he described the event: "I said I wanted to go to the park and see where this big concert was going

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 on. I thought it was going to be a romantic walk in the park, but he raped me and robbed me afterwards and tried to strangle me". <mask> states that he survived only by pretending to be an epileptic and faking a seizure.He has been reported to have stated that he remained celibate for five or seven years after the incident, and eventually became promiscuous. Rise to fame, debut album
Through weekly shows at Cafe Sarajevo, <mask> was on the Montreal club circuit and eventually cut a series of demo tapes produced by Pierre Marchand, who later produced <mask>'s album Poses. The resulting tapes impressed his father Loudon, who passed them on to his friend Van Dyke Parks. Parks sent the recordings to Lenny Waronker, the DreamWorks executive who eventually signed <mask> to his label. Waronker stated the following of <mask>: "When I was about to listen to his tape, I remember clearly I was thinking, 'Gee, if he has the mom's musicality and smarts, and the dad's smarts and voice, that'd be nice.' Then I put it on and I said, 'Oh, my God, this is stunning.'" The singer moved to New York City in 1996, performing regularly at Club Fez.He relocated to Los Angeles that year and began his first studio album, 1998's <mask>. Waronker paired <mask> with producer Jon Brion, and the two spent most of 1996 and 1997 making the record. <mask> recorded 56 songs in total, on 62 rolls of tape. The sessions cost $700,000. <mask>'s self-titled debut received critical acclaim; Rolling Stone recognized it as one of the best albums of the year, and named the singer "Best New Artist" of the year. <mask> was nominated for four awards by the Gay & Lesbian

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 American Music Awards, including Album of the Year, Pop Recording of the Year and Video of the Year, and won for Best New Artist. <mask> won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Music Album and a Juno Award for Best Alternative Album.However, commercial success of the album was limited; the debut failed to chart in any country, though he ranked No.24 on Billboard'''s Top Heatseekers chart. In 1996 <mask> toured the UK as "Special Guest" of Kate & Anna McGarrigle. He toured with Sean Lennon in 1998 and began his first headline tour later that year. In December 1998, he appeared in a Gap commercial directed by Phil Harder, performing Frank Loesser's "What Are You Doing New Year's Eve?". In March 1999, <mask> began a headlining tour in Hoboken, New Jersey. Poses and struggle with addiction
<mask> lived in the Chelsea Hotel in New York City for six months, during which he wrote most of his second album. On June 5, 2001, <mask>'s second album, Poses, was released to critical acclaim but limited sales.The album ranked No.117 on the Billboard 200 and No.1 on the Top Heatseekers chart. Poses won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Music Album and a Juno Award for Best Alternative Album, and was nominated by the Juno Awards for Best Songwriter ("Poses" / "Cigarettes and Chocolate Milk" / "Grey Gardens"). From 2001 to 2004, he toured with Tori Amos, Sting, Ben Folds, and Guster, as well as headlining the 2001 and 2002 tour in support of the album. <mask> became addicted to crystal meth in the early 2000s and temporarily lost his vision. His addiction reached its peak in 2002, during what he described as "the most surreal week of my

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 life". During that week, he played a cameo role in the UK comedy television program Absolutely Fabulous, spent several nights partying with George W. Bush's daughter Barbara, enjoyed a "debauched evening" with his mother and Marianne Faithfull, sang with Anohni of Antony and the Johnsons for Zaldy's spring 2003 collection, and experienced recurring hallucinations of his father throughout. He decided after that he "was either going to rehab or I was going to live with my father.I knew I needed an asshole to yell at me, and I felt he fit the bill." Want albums

In 2003, <mask> released the full-length album Want One. Then <mask>'s album Want Two, from which four songs were released as the EP Waiting for a Want, was released by DreamWorks/Geffen on November 16, 2004. The live iTunes Sessions EP entitled Alright, Already: Live in Montréal was released on March 15, 2005. A DVD entitled All I Want, featuring a biographical documentary, music videos, and live performances, was released internationally in 2005. That same year, <mask> made two major contributions as a solo vocalist to a pair of records: the Mercury Prize-winning Antony and the Johnsons' I am a Bird Now and Burt Bacharach's At This Time.Want One and Want Two were repackaged as Want for a November 2005 release to coincide with the beginning of a British tour. This version of Want One contains two extra songs: "Es Muß Sein" and "Velvet Curtain Rag".The Want package in the UK has two bonus tracks: "Chelsea Hotel No. 2" (a Leonard Cohen cover) and "In With the Ladies", which replace "Coeur de parisienne – Reprise d'Arletty" and "Quand vous mourez de nos amours" from

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texts:
 2004's augmented edition. Release the Stars and <mask> Does Judy at Carnegie Hall
<mask>'s fifth studio album, Release the Stars, was released by Geffen on May 15, 2007. The album was produced by <mask> and featured Richard Thompson, friend Teddy Thompson, sister <mask>, mother Kate McGarrigle, Neil Tennant, Joan Wasser, Julianna Raye, Larry Mullins  (professionally known as Toby Dammit), and actress Siân Phillips. It reached No.2 on the UK Albums Chart, and debuted at No.23 on the Billboard 200. The first single, "Going to a Town", was released on April 3, 2007 in the iTunes Music Store. The second single released was "Rules and Regulations", and the third single was a 500-copy (12" vinyl) release of "Tiergarten", a one-track EP with the Supermayer remix of Tiergarten, which was released exclusively through iTunes and 7digital on October 29.Two video clips were released for the album: "Going to a Town", directed by Sophie Muller, and "Rules and Regulations", directed by Petro Papahadjopoulos and styled by J.W. Anderson. Release the Stars was certified gold in the UK. The accompanying world tour saw <mask> visit North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, ending on February 14, 2008 with a concert at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City. On June 10, 2006, NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday broadcast an interview of <mask> by Scott Simon. The segment concerned <mask>'s sold-out pair of Carnegie Hall shows on June 14 and 15, 2006 in which he performed the entire Judy Garland concert album that was recorded there in 1961. He later repeated his performance at the London Palladium, the Paris Olympia, and the Hollywood Bowl in

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 Los Angeles.Live CD and DVD recordings of the concerts were released on December 4, 2007. The DVD is entitled <mask>! <mask>! <mask>! Does Judy! Judy! Judy!: Live from the London Palladium. The CD album, Rufus Does Judy at Carnegie Hall, is a recording of his show at the New York venue. In 2008, Garland's daughter Lorna Luft expressed strong approval of <mask>'s recordings of her mother's songs. The album was nominated for a 2009 Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album. Blackoutsabbath and Prima Donna

<mask> created the concept of Blackoutsabbath in early 2008. In an attempt to become more environmentally conscious, participants are asked to live "off the grid" as much as possible on a designated date by unplugging appliances, walking or cycling for transportation, turning out lights and decreasing energy usage in any other ways possible. As the sun sets on the evening of Blackoutsabbath, participants write ways they can contribute to the Earth's well-being throughout the rest of the year.Annual benefit concerts take place to raise awareness of the cause. Special guests performing at the concert included Joan Wasser, Jenni Muldaur, and friend and fellow singer-songwriter Teddy Thompson. The organization's official site contains updates about the program and contains links to various tools, green products and services, studies, and groups that promote energy conservation and environmental protection. In December 2008 <mask> performed alongside his sister, <mask>, and mother, Kate McGarrigle, as well as many more of his family at the Knitting Factory in downtown Manhattan. Joined by other artists such as Emmylou

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title: Rufus Wainwright

texts:
 Harris, Lou Reed and Laurie Anderson, the cast performed original and traditional Christmas-themed songs. In November 2009 Revelation Films released the concert on DVD. Following his 2007–2008 tour, <mask> began writing his first opera, Prima Donna, about "a day in the life of an opera singer", anxiously preparing for her comeback, who falls in love with a journalist.There are four characters, and the libretto is in French. The opera was originally commissioned by Metropolitan Opera general manager Peter Gelb. However, because of a dispute over <mask>'s decision to write the libretto in French and the Met's inability to schedule an opening in the 2009 season, <mask> and the Met ended their relationship. Instead of a New York opening, Prima Donna was staged during the Manchester International Festival, where the first performance took place at the Palace Theatre on July 10, 2009. Reviews for the performance were mixed, with one publication suggesting <mask> "may struggle to convince critics he is worthy of a place among the greats". Prima Donna won a Dora Mavor Moore Award for Outstanding New Musical/Opera in June 2011. All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu and birth of daughter

In November 2009, <mask> announced that he had finished recording his sixth studio album, and was calling it All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu.The album was released on March 23 in Canada, April 5 in the UK and April 20 in the US, with the first single "Who Are You New York?". In December 2009, <mask> appeared with sister <mask> and mother Kate McGarrigle at the Royal Albert Hall in London, raising $55,000 for the Kate McGarrigle Fund, which was

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 established in 2008 to raise awareness of sarcoma, a rare cancer that affects connective tissue such as bone, muscle, nerves, and cartilage. It was the last performance made by his mother before her death in January 2010. In late 2010 <mask> became engaged to his partner Jörn Weisbrodt. The couple moved to Toronto, Ontario in early 2012 after Weisbrodt was named artistic director of Toronto's annual Luminato festival. In 2011, <mask> announced the birth of his first child, with childhood friend Lorca Cohen, daughter of Leonard Cohen. He announced on his website: "Darling daughter Viva Katherine <mask> Cohen was born on February 2, 2011 in Los Angeles, California to proud parents Lorca Cohen, <mask>, and Deputy Dad Jorn Weisbrodt.The little angel is evidently healthy, presumably happy, and certainly very very beautiful." In July 2011 a 19-disc box set called House of Rufus containing all his studio and live recordings as well as previously unreleased material was released. Out of the Game and marriage
<mask> recorded his seventh studio album with producer Mark Ronson. He described the new songs as more "danceable" than his previous material. The album, titled Out of the Game, was released in late April 2012 in the UK and Canada and in early May in the US. On August 23, 2012 <mask> and Jörn Weisbrodt married in Montauk, New York. Artist Justin Vivian Bond officiated.Second opera
His second opera, called Hadrian, premiered at the Canadian Opera Company as their opening production of the 2018 mainstage season at the Four Seasons Centre, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada directed by Canadian Director Peter Hinton, with libretto

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 written by Canadian playwright Daniel MacIvor. Hadrian attended the workshop Opera Fusion: New Works, a collaboration of Cincinnati Opera and University of Cincinnati College-Conservatory of Music, before its premiere. Prima Donna's revival

In 2015, <mask> launched a new version of his first opera, accompanied by a film directed by Francesco Vezzoli, featuring Cindy Sherman as the Prima Donna. The finale was shot in Paris during spring 2015 and produced by Petite Maison Production, before it premiered in Athens in September. Unfollow the Rules
Almost a year after releasing stand-alone single "Sword of Damocles" in October 2018, <mask> signed a record deal with music publisher and record label BMG Rights Management for a new album. Soon after, new song "Trouble in Paradise" was released as the first single from the album. In February 2020, the album, Unfollow the Rules, was announced alongside the release of Joni Mitchell inspired single "Damsel in Distress" and was slated for an April release.A third single, "Peaceful Afternoon", was released on digital platforms in March, with a French version, Pièce à vivre, as a B-side. In early April, the album release was delayed until July after escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> stating that "The CD's and vinyl LP's of my new album Unfollow The Rules are stuck in the warehouses they had to shut down to make way for all essential businesses being able to operate at full speed", adding "You know that I am an old school guy and for me the physical product is extremely important. I am incredibly proud of this album and the way I want you to experience it ideally is listening

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title: Rufus Wainwright

texts:
 to it from front to back in the comfort of your living room, reading the lyrics, and looking at the booklet that I carefully designed." This announcement was accompanied by the announcement of a fourth single, "Alone Time", which was released on the April 24, 2020, the date the LP was originally due to be released. One more single, a tongue-in-cheek commentary on fame and status relative to geographic location entitled "You Ain't Big", was released in early June. On July 10, <mask>'s 10th studio album, Unfollow the Rules, was released. The album was met with a warm reception upon release and has amassed mostly positive critic reviews, with an aggregate score of 82 on Metacritic, which is his highest score on the site equal only to his 2001 LP Poses.Artistry
In addition to his tenor singing voice, <mask> plays piano and guitar, often switching between the two instruments when performing live. While some songs feature just <mask> and his piano, his later work is often accompanied by rock instrumentation or a symphony orchestra, displaying complex layering and harmonies with an operatic feel. <mask> is an opera enthusiast and likes Franz Schubert's lieder. <mask>'s music has been described as "popera" (pop opera) or "baroque pop". Many of his compositions are densely packed amalgams of strings, horns, operatic choruses, and ragtime rhythms, with a warm vocal timbre. He often performs with his sister, <mask>, on backup vocals. Despite critical acclaim, <mask> has experienced limited commercial success in the United States, although the release of Release the Stars saw increased media attention there, as did the associated 2007

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 U.S. tour.Themes
<mask>'s work contains several recurring themes: opera, literature, pop culture, politics, and love (often unrequited love). "Foolish Love" and "Danny Boy" are about a crush he once had on a straight man. Other songs address full-blown love and the consequences of falling out of love ("This Love Affair", "Leaving for Paris", and "Peach Trees"). <mask> also sings about his family relationships. "Beauty Mark", "Little Sister" and "Martha", and "Dinner at Eight" address, respectively, his experiences with his mother, sisters, and father. Several songs deal with his experiences with addiction ("Go Or Go Ahead" and "I Don't Know What It Is"). The song "Matinee Idol" was written about River Phoenix."Memphis Skyline" is a tribute to the late singer Jeff Buckley, whom he met briefly in the 1990s when <mask> was an up-and-coming act. By this time, Buckley had already released his first album Grace, and was well on his way to stardom. The two met several months prior to Buckley's drowning, during a gig by <mask>. The song references "Hallelujah", a Leonard Cohen song covered by Buckley (and later by <mask>). "Nobody's Off the Hook" is written to close friend and fellow musician Teddy Thompson. <mask> and his music have influenced several artists in the music industry. They include Katy Perry, Olly Alexander of Years & Years, Liv Bruce of Pwr Bttm, and Kimbra.In Nick Hornby's book Slam, the child born to the young protagonists gets called "<mask>" because his mother listened to <mask> while recovering from the ordeal of giving birth. Personal life
<mask> married German art administrator Jörn Weisbrodt on August 23,

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 2012. <mask> has a daughter, Viva Katherine <mask> Cohen, born February 2, 2011, conceived via sperm donation by <mask> and Lorca Cohen, daughter of Leonard Cohen. She lives with her mother. Political views
<mask> identifies as "a complete libertarian" and stated in 2008, "I don't think any government should encroach on what goes on in the bedroom at all." In April 2010, <mask> came out publicly in favor of legalizing same-sex marriage in the United States because he wanted to marry Weisbrodt. <mask> stated, "I wasn't a huge gay marriage supporter before I met Jörn because I love the whole old-school promiscuous Oscar Wilde freak show of what 'being gay' once was.But since meeting Jörn that all changed." <mask> has publicly opposed 45th US President Donald Trump, addressing him in the music video for his song "Sword of Damocles" in 2018 and stating "It's impossible to minimise the ineptitude and pure evil of the Trump administration" in a 2020 interview with NME. Work in film, television, and theatre

<mask> has appeared in the films The Aviator and Heights in addition to his role in Tommy Tricker and the Stamp Traveller but said in a 2010 interview "I definitely enjoy seeing myself thirty feet high, but it's not something that I'm running toward passionately". He has also recorded tracks specially for films, including Brokeback Mountain, I am Sam, Moulin Rouge!, Shrek, Meet the Robinsons, Big Daddy, Zoolander, and Leonard Cohen: I'm Your Man. His recording of "Bewitched, Bothered, and Bewildered" plays during the closing credits of the film The History Boys. He is seen in the Denys Arcand film Days of Darkness (L'Âge des

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texts: ténèbres), performing two arias. The All I Want DVD, released in 2005, features a full-length documentary (A Portrait of <mask>), performances at Central Park SummerStage and Cambridge Corn Exchange, studio sessions, music videos, and two bonus Easter eggs: a 12-minute documentary from 1998, featuring <mask> and his family, and a short tribute to the McGarrigle sisters featuring <mask> and Martha.In February 2005, the Pennsylvania Ballet premiered a ballet by Matthew Neenan that was set to <mask>'s music. The Pennsylvania Ballet has performed the work (titled 11:11) several times, including during an eponymous program in June 2006. It has been an audience favorite, although critical reviews have been mixed. Stephen Petronio commissioned <mask> to write a score for his dance production BLOOM, which was performed at Joyce Theater in New York in April 2006. For the lyrics, the two selected poems by Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson, and Petronio arranged for the Young People's Choir of New York to sing them. In May 2006, <mask> was one of three guests (along with Robbie Williams and Frances Barber) to star with the Pet Shop Boys in a concert at London's Mermaid Theatre. He covered the Pet Shop Boys' "Casanova in Hell" (from Fundamental).The critically acclaimed show was broadcast on the UK's BBC Radio 2 and repeated on BBC 6 Music, and released as a CD (Concrete) in October 2006. In June 2007, <mask> was a part of the multi-artist True Colors Tour, which traveled through 15 cities in the United States and Canada. The tour, sponsored by the Logo channel, began on June 8, 2007. Hosted by comedian Margaret Cho and headlined by

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 Cyndi Lauper, the tour included Debbie Harry, The Gossip, the Indigo Girls, The Dresden Dolls, The MisShapes, and Erasure. Profits went to the Human Rights Campaign. In August 2007, <mask> said that he considered it a "great honor" to perform on the gay rights tour. <mask> continued to tour during 2007 and embraced forms of expression not usually part of mainstream American music concerts.These included dressing in red lipstick and stiletto heeled shoes to perform Judy Garland songs, and expressing his concerns against the current U.S. political situation. His performances were critically acclaimed. In April 2009, <mask> worked with the Berliner Ensemble and the avant-garde director Robert Wilson, who hired <mask> to supply the music for a joint staging of Shakespeares Sonette based on Shakespeare's sonnets. In June 2012, <mask> released a comedy video on the Funny or Die website, giving his interpretation of a number of jingles from chewing gum commercials. Also in 2012, <mask> wrote and sang "Metaphorical Blanket" in the film Any Day Now. Discography

 <mask> (1998)
 Poses (2001)
 Want One (2003)
 Want Two (2004)
 Release the Stars (2007)
 All Days Are Nights: Songs for Lulu (2010)
 Out of the Game (2012)
 Prima Donna (2015)
 Take All My Loves: 9 Shakespeare Sonnets (2016)
 Unfollow the Rules (2020)

Tours

Headlining
1999: 1999 Tour
2001: Poses Tour
2003–04: <mask>: Live in Concert
2007–08: Release the Stars Tour
2011: An Evening with <mask>
2012–13: Out of the Game Tour
2014–15: The Best of <mask>
2016–17: <mask> in Concert
2018–19: All These Poses: Anniversary Tour
2019: Oh Solo Wainwright Tour

Co-headlining
2004:

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 Triple-Headliner Tour
2005: Odd Man Out Tour

Opening act
1998: Navy Blues Tour
2001: Roxy Music World Tour
2001: Strange Little Tour
2004: Sacred Love Tour
2005: Hopes and Fears Tour
2007: True Colors

Awards and nominations

<mask> won two Juno Awards for Best Alternative Album, one in 1999 for <mask> and one in 2002 for Poses. At the age of 15, in 1989, he was nominated for a Genie Award for Best Original Song.A year later he received a nomination for a Juno Award for Most Promising Male Vocalist. He was also nominated for a BRIT Award for Best International Male Artist in 2008 and a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album in 2009. Further reading
 Kirk Lake: There Will Be Rainbows. A Biography of <mask>.'' Orion Publishing Group, London 2009, . References

External links

<mask> at Geffen Records

[ Biography, Discography, music clips] at Allmusic

1973 births
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singers
20th-century Canadian male singers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century American male singers
21st-century American singers
21st-century Canadian male singers
21st-century LGBT people
American emigrants to Canada
American libertarians
American male pianists
American male singer-songwriters
American opera composers
American people of Dutch descent
American pop pianists
American male pop singers
American tenors
Anglophone Quebec people
<mask>wright
Canadian libertarians
Canadian opera composers
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Canadian pop pianists
Canadian pop singers
Canadian singer-songwriters
Canadian tenors
Decca Records artists
DreamWorks Records artists
French-language

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Rufus Wainwright
Rufus Wainwright
Rufus Wainwright
Rufus Wain


title: Rufus Wainwright

texts:
 singers of Canada
French-language singers of the United States
Canadian gay musicians
Geffen Records artists
Juno Award for Alternative Album of the Year winners
LGBT composers
LGBT singers from Canada
LGBT singers from the United States
Living people
Male opera composers
McGill University School of Music alumni
People from Rhinebeck, New York
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
Singers from Montreal
<mask>wright
<mask>rigle-<mask>-Roche

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Rufus Wain
Rufus McGar
Wainwright


title: Sergei Kourdakov

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<mask> (Russian: Сергей Николаевич Курдаков; March 1, 1951 – January 1, 1973) was a former KGB agent and naval officer who from his late teen years carried out more than 150 raids in underground Christian communities in regions of the Soviet Union in the 1960s. At the age of twenty, he defected to Canada while a naval officer on a Soviet trawler in the Pacific and converted to Evangelical Christianity. He is known for having written The Persecutor (also known as Forgive Me, Natasha), an autobiography that was written shortly before his death in 1973 and published posthumously. Since its publication, it has been the source of varied criticism. Caroline Walker, a US Christian journalist, attempted to document the story of Kourdakov, but her findings revealed that the story was largely a fake made up in order to earn political asylum in Canada. The documentary produced by Damian Wojciechowski about Walker's findings, Forgive Me, <mask> won numerous awards worldwide. The Persecutor
According to The Persecutor <mask> was born on March 1, 1951, in Novosibirsk Oblast, Soviet Union.His father Nikolai Ivanovich <mask> was a soldier in the Soviet Army and a political activist who was a very loyal supporter of Joseph Stalin. He led a brigade in the Winter War and led a unit under General Konstantin Rokossovsky in World War II. After the war, Nikolai helped set up a military base and became the base chief. Although <mask> was told that his father died by being shot, he found out much later from a friend of his father's that when Nikita Khrushchev became Premier of the Soviet Union, he had ordered the elimination of important officers who had supported Stalin in order to

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Sergei
Sergei Kourdakov
Kourdakov
Sergei


title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 consolidate his power, and that <mask> had been one of them. <mask> lived with his mother until her health began to deteriorate and when he was four years old, she became very ill and died. He was invited to live with a family who had known his mother. It was there that he learned to read and count.<mask> got along well with everyone in the family except with their son Andrei, whom he believed to be mentally handicapped. At the age of six, he decided to run away after Andrei tried to kill him by shoving his head into a filled bathtub. For ten days, he lived in Novosibirsk, thieving from food stands until he was caught and sent to the police. He was promptly sent to an orphanage then known as Children's Home Number One, where he joined the Octobrianiks, a Soviet youth organization required for all children grades one through three. After three years, he was transferred to an orphanage for older children forty miles away in Verkh-Irmen. There he joined Youth Pioneers, the Communist youth organization required for children nine through fifteen. <mask> also joined a gang that turned into a reign of terror for the city.In response to this looming threat, the police ordered the orphanage to be shut down in 1961 and all the children separated to different orphanages. Barysevo orphanage
<mask> then went back to Novosibirsk to once again live in the train station and steal from the food stalls. Eventually he was caught and sent to another orphanage, this one in Barysevo. He later said that living in that orphanage had been a turning point in his life. In his autobiography, he wrote "An atmosphere of fear prevailed throughout the home. We were afraid of the aunts and

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Sergei
Sergei
Sergei
Sergei


title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 uncles (orphanage employees). They were afraid of Big Irene and Uncle Nichy, who, in turn were afraid of the party leaders.Barysevo became a camp of hate and fear, divided between the wardens and the children." He soon discovered that the orphanage at Barysevo had a caste system-esque society created by the orphans, with "slaves" on the bottom, "lieutenants" in the middle, and the "king" at the top. Starting off as a slave, he soon challenged a lieutenant and won his position. By the time he was fourteen years old, he became king, replacing his friend Nikolai who was transferred to a different orphanage. As king, he met a thirteen-year-old boy whose parents were declared unfit to be parents due to their religious beliefs. Due to the boy's own Christian beliefs, he was nicknamed "the Deacon". <mask> soon befriended him and ordered any teasing towards him to stop.Interest in communism
At the age of fifteen, <mask> joined Komsomol, also known as the Communist Union of Youth. The director of the school he attended, known as Comrade Skripko, saw interest in him and had convinced him to join. <mask> cultivated a great interest in Marxism-Leninism, one that was not particularly shared with his friends in his orphanage. During high school, he was also excelling in all of his school subjects and learned to speak German. The school director eventually offered him the opportunity to lecture younger classes about on various subjects, generally subjects having to do with communism. In the summer of 1965, <mask> and two close friends of his obtained a large amount of hashish from Turkestan and began a narcotics business. Initially successful, his business ended after a group

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Sergei Kourdakov
Sergei
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 of gang members that discovered he was carrying the narcotic took him into an alley and stabbed him in the back for it, almost killing him.While recovering from his injury, <mask> realized that he had to make a decision for what he would do with his life: either follow the course of his friends and continue dealing in the underworld or seriously focus on building a career in communism. He chose communism. By this time <mask> had already become the leader of the Communist Youth League of his area. He graduated from his school in June 1967 and was awarded a silver medal for being the second best student in his grade level. For much of the last year of school, he focused on pushing and improving the League as much as he could, hoping to make it the most successful one in his district, a position that was indeed awarded to it during the judging of Leagues, which happened annually. Post-school
After graduating school, <mask> faced the decision on what career path to take for his military obligation and chose the Navy. With high honors and grades, and an outstanding recommendation from his old school director, he applied to and was accepted into the Alexander Popov Naval Academy in Leningrad.Although a newcomer, he was chosen to be the leader of the school's Communist youth organization due to the record of his leadership in his previous organization. At the academy, <mask> met Pavel Sigorsky, a Pole who taught him Polish. After completing a year of study at the academy in July 1968, he continued his studies at the Petropavlovsk Naval Academy in Kamchatka, at the Eastern border of Russia. Before going to the academy and during his military summer vacation, he traveled

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title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 again to Novosibirsk to visit his old friends, who were all involved in gangs. Shortly after attending a peace conference he was invited to between a gang his friends were in and another nearby gang, <mask> was shot in the left breast in revenge by a member of the other gang. Miraculously, he survived because the bullet first shot through multiple layers of clothes and through his thick address book and all of his identification papers before lodging itself in his skin. Before going to the naval academy, <mask> spent two weeks in Blagoveshchensk, a city that borders China, serving in a naval military unit against the Chinese army.At one point he partook in a small battle. Finally in late September 1968, he arrived at the port city Petropavlovsk. Again, because of his past experience and record, he was chosen to be the leader of the academy's Communist Youth League. From then on, along with his studies, he was in charge of carrying out orders sent from the Komsomol headquarters in Moscow, listening to the grievances of cadets and argue in favor of them if he was convinced the cadet was right, and discipline any cadet who appeared to be undermining Communist commitments, often shocking them into performing better. In just that single year at the academy, <mask> served as the League leader, performed well in his studies, organized entertainment events for the cadets, lectured at nearby schools on many current events topics, and competed in all of the sports offered by the academy. As a KGB agent
While working at his Communist Youth League office in May 1969, <mask> was visited by Ivan Azarov, a well-known KGB official. He came to tell him about a "special-action

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Sergei Kourdakov
Kourdakov
Sergei Kourdakov


title: Sergei Kourdakov

texts: squad" he was forming as an official but secret branch of the city's police.After telling <mask> that he had gone through his record all the way to his days in Children's Home Number One and complimented him on his ability to captivate people so well during speeches, he stated his desire to place him as the leader of this new group. Although <mask> tried thinking of reasons to reject the offer while Azarov was telling him all this, he immediately reconciled after hearing the pay he was to receive for each operation—twenty-five rubles. At the time he received seven rubles per month as a naval cadet and if he were to become an officer in the Navy, he would still only receive seventy rubles per month. One of the main duties of being the leader of this organization was to pick the best men from the academy to work in the organization, usually consisting of about fifty men. <mask> later wrote that he assumed that with this "special-action squad," he would be dealing with "drunks, murderers, wife beaters, and other lawbreakers the regular police couldn't take time to deal with." And true to his assumptions, that was what he and his team were assigned to deal with. For the most part, they would be sent to bars and clubs to break up fights.But after a few operations, the group was told that their abilities would be put to a different use, breaking up or raiding secret Christian home worship services. Under the leadership and influence of Ivan Azarov, <mask> and the others in his group became convinced that Christians, "Believers" as they were always referred to, were a serious threat to the Communist party and the Soviet Union. Aside from "roughing up" the members of a

masks: Kourdakov Sergei Kourdakov Kourdakov


title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 service, they were also instructed to arrest the leaders of the group and confiscate any bibles and other religious texts. Sometimes they were told to arrest every participant. Christian persecutions
The first of these operations, as <mask> puts it, ended in disaster. When they arrived at the house where the meeting was, none of the members put up a fight, leaving the group in a very awkward and uncomfortable position. For a while from then on, the group received mostly orders to break up more fights.The squad's first major operation was in small village called Elizovo, near the Avacha River and 35 miles to the north of Petropavlovsk, where a baptism service was being held. Clubs in hand, the group hid in nearby bushes preparing for the Believers to arrive. Soon after they had finished the baptisms, the squad sprung into action. In just five minutes, all of the Believers were knocked down to the ground, all of them bleeding in one way or another. One girl's ear had been split open, and the group's pastor lay dead and floating down the river. As further torture and humiliation, the bleeding young girls of the group were stripped naked and driven in that state to the police station, an act greatly disapproved of by Ivan Azarov because everything conducted by the squad needed to be done in secret, and that doing something like that could turn the people against the police. Many of these raids continued in similar fashions [May-Dec. 1970].The leaders of the worship groups were usually arrested and sentenced to many years in Siberian labor camps. Along with the duties of being the leader of the police group, Sergie <mask> continued studying at the naval academy,

masks: Kourdakov Kourdakov


title: Sergei Kourdakov

texts: hoping to become a radio engineer in the Navy. He still retained his position as the leader of the academy's Communist Youth League and continued to compete in the school's sports, primarily consisting of wrestling, judo, karate, and track. Any religious writings found during raids were confiscated. Any printed materials, including bibles, were sent to Moscow where they were studied and analyzed. In his book, <mask> quoted Azarov on the use of printed material: "Another organization and department branch has been established in Moscow to study the teachings of these Believers, so we can better oppose and defeat them. There our finest scholars are studying their literature, including their Bible, in order that they can learn how to better fight their religious beliefs.It's sort of a complete and full-scale Bible college." Another one of <mask>'s duties as leader of the squad was getting rid of other religious texts, specifically the handwritten or very old materials, which were usually used to heat furnaces. The group was able to determine where Believer meetings were happening before they began through use of spies in the networks of underground churches throughout the region. These people were paid much more than <mask> and his men because if they attended a meeting that was going to be raided, they would end up being beaten as much as the Believers. Another part of <mask>'s job was to prepare reports and record the names of all of the Believers caught, to be entered into a nationwide database in Moscow. <mask> later wrote that "In addition, a three-by-five-inch card with the Believer's picture, birth date, and other data was sent to the police station. These

masks: Kourdakov Sergei Kourdakov Kourdakov Sergei


title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 cards were kept in a special file.Any time the party chose, the Believers could be rounded up and removed from society quickly." Meeting Natasha
During one of these raids, <mask> took particular notice of one of the Believers, Natasha Zhdanova, whom he at the time saw as particularly attractive. At that particular raid, one of the squad's members Victor Matveyev had smashed her against a wall. <mask> had usually assumed that Believers, especially younger ones, would distance themselves greatly from Christian meetings after experiencing the wrath of his group. But only three days later, he found her at another meeting. This time he decided to take matters into his own hands, delivering a very severe beating. After reading her records and discovering that she had been part of the Communist Youth League, <mask> saw it as his duty to set her straight and had her come to the police station to have a talk with her, in hopes of frightening her into breaking off from the underground Christian church.But only one week later, during yet another meeting, they found her again. Alex Gulyaev, another member of the squad, moved to attack her with his club, when Victor jumped between them. When Alex demanded that he get out of the way, Victor said, "Alex, I'm telling you, don't touch her! Nobody touches her! [...] She has something we don't have! Nobody touches her! Nobody!"The raid ended abruptly as all of the meeting's members were sent out. Natasha Zhdanova's name was later used in the alternate title for <mask>'s autobiography The Persecutor, which was also published as Forgive Me, Natasha. On April 22, 1970, <mask> attended a live televised major Communist party convention

masks:
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Sergei
Kourdakov
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Sergei Kourdakov


title: Sergei Kourdakov

texts: to celebrate the 100th birthday of Vladimir Lenin and honor the future leaders of the party. He was invited to receive an award which honored him as the Number-One Communist Youth of Kamchatka Province, for which he prepared and gave a fifteen-minute speech, which was broadcast nationwide. There he met Comrade Orlov, the party leader for Kamchatka. During the banquet following the convention, Orlov, drunk with vodka, invited him into the private dining room reserved for party leaders. What waited inside shocked <mask>.Inside he saw all sorts of expensive delicacies he did not expect to see and vodka "flowing like water," but more importantly, he witnessed the state of the party leaders—drunk, passed out, or drinking themselves to unconsciousness. Many of them had their faces in their food and one was lying on the food serving tray. Comrade Orlov had excused himself and when he came back, continued drinking. Soon, he began criticizing Joseph Stalin, Leonid Brezhnev, and eventually communism itself, at one point shouting that "Communism is the worst curse that has ever come to man!" This was a turning point in <mask>'s life. He later wrote that he had been a genuine and firm believer in communism. But after witnessing the hypocrisy of those top party leaders, his goal in life had changed: "From now on, there was only one goal: Get to the top!If the game was played by cynicism and ruthlessness, I'd play it that way." By mid-1970, <mask> was beginning to notice new patterns in the ways the Believers worshiped. Although they usually split into groups of around fifteen, they began meeting in groups of ten or less, which required <mask>'s group to perform more raids in

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title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 order to have as much of an effect on the Believers. He also began to notice an increase in Believers, which made it seem to him that the bigger the fight they put up, the larger they grew. Soon the group was operating on a tight schedule instead of just being called in whenever they were needed. Another trend he noticed was that may of the new Believers were young people, often as young as him. This made little sense to him, as he had a hard time understanding how Christianity could appeal to young people so much.With all of these operations occurring, news of the group began to spread throughout the public. Exposure to the Gospel of Luke
By July 1970, the group had accumulated many handwritten religious texts. On one particular day, the police captain Dimitri Nikiforov asked <mask> and Matveyev to go to the basement of the police station and burn some of the texts for heat. While Victor left to get some vodka for themselves, <mask> sat down there trying to figure out what "young people see in this trash." As he thought of Natasha, a sense of curiosity overcame him and he picked up a text, which happened to be an incomplete copy of the Gospel of Luke and began reading until Victor came back. <mask> later wrote in his autobiography about his experience when reading the book for the first time:

In late July 1970, <mask> was sent to Novosibirsk for military duty. Although he was to stay in Novosibirsk in case of a military emergency, he took a plane to Moscow to visit the tomb of Vladimir Lenin for the second time, hoping that being near his body would give him a sense of direction, something the corpse fell short on.Leaving the tomb that day, <mask> made his


title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 decision. He would leave Russia. He soon formulated a plan that would involve him swimming across the Tisza river to Hungary using an aqua-lung he acquired at a black market. He even went as far as obtaining Hungarian currency and making his way to the border, but after seeing the immense amount of security at the border, he quickly realized that it would be impossible. With his military leave ending, <mask> flew back to Petropavlovsk. Soon enough he was back to conducting raids against the Believers' meetings. He later wrote that because he was dissatisfied and ill at ease at the time, the last raids he led were the most vicious.During one particularly large raid, <mask> suddenly became emotionally grieved and left in the middle of the raid. On that day he decided to quit working for the KGB and from then on began giving excuses when told to gather up men to perform raids. Eventually he was relieved of his duties and continued as leader of the academy's Youth Organization. To persuade him to stay, Dimitri Nikiforov offered to place him in the Tomsk Academy, a well-known school for KGB agents. <mask> rejected it. In the Navy
In January 1971, <mask> graduated from the Petropavlovsk Naval Academy as a radio officer and was assigned to duty on a Soviet Navy destroyer. After more than a month on the destroyer, <mask> was sent back to the naval base for two weeks.There, he asked to be transferred to a ship near the United States coast, a request that was approved. On March 4, 1971, <mask> left the Soviet Union for the last time to board a Soviet submarine. A few months later on June 25, <mask> was transferred to the Soviet trawler Ivan Sereda, which was in need of a

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 radio officer. On the Ivan Sereda, <mask> began making preparations to defect to America. He constructed a makeshift raft and hid food and water provisions for his escape. Soon the trawler was close enough to Los Angeles so that the city's lights could be seen on the horizon. Kourdakov planned escape that night, but had to perform one more shift as a radio officer before sunset.On that shift, he received a message that greatly hindered that plan. A fisherman named Simas Kudirka had jumped off from a Russian ship and made it to an American ship off the coast of New England (see The Kudirka incident). From that message, he learned that the United States government fully cooperated with the Soviet Union and handed him back to his home country, where he was sentenced to ten years in prison. Realizing the fate that could lie ahead of him if he chose to venture into America, he decided to try to escape to Canada instead. Defecting to Canada
A few weeks later, <mask> was transferred to another trawler, the Kolivan, which was traveling North towards the Canadian coast. While off the coast of Vancouver, he was again transferred to another ship, the Shturman Elagin, which was headed towards Amchitka Island. During his months at sea, <mask> often secretly listened to Russian broadcasts of Voice of America as well as religious broadcasts.He also spent many hours each day exercising in preparation of his escape. By late August 1971, the Elagin began heading back to the Canadian coast. A few days later, Kourdakov received a message saying that he was to be transferred to the Maria Ulyanova in five days, which would then head back to the Soviet Union. Desperately, <mask> tried

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texts: thinking of a good escape strategy. During those five days, the ship encountered a severe storm, and the captain ordered him to radio Canadian authorities and request to enter Canadian waters in order to avoid the storm. <mask> quickly realized this would be his very last opportunity. On September 3, 1971, around 10 pm, Kourdakov plunged into Canadian waters.In the morning of the next day, <mask> was found staggering half-naked and bleeding onto the shores of Haida Gwaii by a woman living near the sea, who quickly called the hospital. Suffering from a cardiac irregularity, he wasn't sure at first whether he was back on a Soviet ship or in Canada. By the time he was at the hospital, he had entered a deep sleep. When he woke up, he was greeted by a translator. Later that day he was flown to Prince Rupert, British Columbia, where he stayed in the prison section of a hospital. Because no one in the hospital spoke Russian, he communicated in German. On one particular day, an immigration officer offered to give <mask> a tour of Prince Rupert.<mask> was so amazed with the city that he stated later that his "eyes almost popped out as I looked at the cars and nice homes. I guess I was staring at them." Being very skeptical, <mask> did not rule out the possibility of the trip being a propaganda tour. Just as Kourdakov began looking ahead to the bright future, he was given disturbing news that he might be handed back to the Soviet government. Canada was conducting trade agreement with the Soviet Union, and his staying there could hinder relations between the two countries. In addition, Soviet Union Premier Alexei Kosygin was visiting Canada and the government didn't want to

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 offend him. He was subsequently flown to Vancouver and placed in the Vancouver Central Jail.Alone in his cell, <mask> began rethinking his decision to attempt to defect to Canada instead of America. He tried talking to God, although he felt embarrassed because he didn't know any prayers. In the middle of the night one day, <mask> was taken on a "tour of the city" which led him to an airport, where he was boarded on a plane that flew to Montreal. From there he was taken to a prison on an island on the Saint Lawrence River in Quebec City. This was done in preparation for potentially deporting <mask>, since a Russian liner was set to travel up the Saint Lawrence River and dock only a few hundred yards from the prison. As soon as <mask> was whisked away in the night, Canadian radio talk show host Pat Burns, who had taken interest in <mask> and had broadcast his case on the radio, was informed of all of this. While on the air, he called Member of Parliament Harold Edward Winch and explained <mask>'s situation.Subsequently, Winch demanded a public statement regarding Kourdakov from Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. Soon enough, he was told he could stay in Canada permanently. Although he had to stay in jail for a few more weeks, he was released as soon as his documents were processed. Life in North America
While still in jail, <mask> received letters from people all over Canada who had heard his story. He was visited by many people, usually new friends and acquaintances. In addition, he was visited by representatives of the Russian embassy in Canada. They informed him that if he were to come back, they would forgive everything and give him his old position.As soon as he

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Kourdakov
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title: Sergei Kourdakov

texts: was released from jail, he had two main intentions: firstly to keep his promise to God and serve Him, and secondly to find a job and settle in Canada. Many people offered to help him, give him a job, or give him a place to live. The first church he went to was Saint Ann's Catholic Church in Quebec. Trying to do the same as others there, he knelt and began praying for three hours. When he went back to his place of residence, he received a message from someone seeking to hire him, and an address to reach him. He left a note to where he was going to his two Bulgarian friends and translators and went to the interview. But when he went to the address, he found out that it was a set-up and the members were part of the Front de libération du Québec, a nationalist and socialist revolutionary group responsible for hundreds of bombings, with strong Communist ties.According to <mask>, they warned him that if he would raise his voice one more time and say things he shouldn't, he would be silenced. As soon as his two friends found his note, they knew it was a trap and rushed there. With the strong presence of the FLQ in Quebec and the Russian embassy in Ottawa, <mask> decided to move to Toronto and stay with a Russian family who offered him a place to live. He began studying English at a university in the city. He also went to a church in Toronto which was always open for prayer, where he stayed for two days only praying and drinking water. <mask> also began attending Ukrainian churches in Toronto. With the aid of a pastor, he went through a religious conversion.One day the pastor gave him a small bible printed in Russian. Immediately, he recognized it as the same kind of

masks: Kourdakov Sergei Sergei


title: Sergei Kourdakov

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 bible he saw many times during raids in the Soviet Union. When he asked where it came from, the pastor told him that Underground Evangelism (now known as Mission Without Borders), a Californian organization that helped in the smuggling of Christian materials into the Soviet Union and other Communist countries. While leaving the subway station one day, <mask> sensed that he was being followed. When he turned around, he saw three powerfully built Russians who warned him saying, "If you know what is good for you, Kourdakov, you will keep silent and say nothing more. If you open your mouth, you will have a 'final accident.' Remember, you have been warned."He chose not to tell anyone about this at the time because he felt that because of the way he treated Christians in the Soviet Union, he owed it to them to speak out for them now. On May 1, 1972, Kourdakov joined Underground Evangelism and moved to California where he moved in with a family that had heard his story and offered him a place to stay. He spent his time traveling all over the United States speaking in schools, universities, and bible studies about his life and the state of Christian communities in the Soviet Union. He also spent much of his time making live radio broadcasts about Christianity and the evils of Communism in Russian, which were broadcast to the Soviet Union. While living in the United States, Kourdakov spent three weeks in The Pentagon demonstrating how Soviet submarines are made. Death
<mask>'s death had been dubbed as "strange and uncertain." Upon moving to California, Kourdakov moved in with a Christian family.Because he began making public appearances so often, he started worrying for

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texts: his safety, so he began taking a revolver that belonged to the family's father with him whenever he traveled anywhere. To celebrate the New Year, <mask> went on vacation with Ann Johnson, the seventeen-year-old daughter of the family he was living with first to Disneyland, then to a ski lodge in Running Springs, California. On January 1, 1973, <mask> was found dead in his motel room in Running Springs, California, killed by a gunshot to the head. In his room was an unfinished typewritten paper (which he was preparing for Senator Strom Thurmond with regard to receiving permanent residency in the US), a champagne bottle, and the gun borrowed from the family's father. Due to the circumstances, <mask> was initially announced to have died by suicide. Many, notably Underground Evangelism founder and then-president L. Joe Bass, repudiated this claim. After a more thorough investigation, <mask>'s death was ruled an accident on March 1, 1973, stating that while <mask> was playing with his revolver, he probably accidentally shot himself.However, due to <mask>'s status as a former high-rank KGB agent who defected to North America and publicly opposed Communism, some believe that he was assassinated by another KGB member in order to silence him. <mask> himself had considered the possibility of an assassination attempt, hence the revolver, stating that he "was in the Soviet Intelligence. They do not warn twice", and that, if anything were ever to happen to him, "it would have all the appearances of an accident." L. Joe Bass was quoted on an Underground Evangelism newsletter saying that "What better than midnight on New Year's Eve, and what better place than that small,

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Sergei Kourdakov
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