title: Richard Larn

texts: his wife Bridget then moved to the Isles of Scilly in 1986, where they lived from 1986 to 1991 during which they set up and ran the Longstone Heritage Centre. on the island of St. Mary's, retaining their interest in Charlestown. Lloyd's Register then offered <mask> a ten-year writing contract to produce a multi-volume series recording known shipwrecks around Gt. Britain & Ireland, which necessitated he and his wife selling their business in the Scillies and move back to the mainland.In 1982 he sold his shares in Prodive Ltd to his partner, Roger Parker, and spent the next four years treasure hunting, leading successful expeditions to recover thousands of silver Lion Daalder coins from the Dutch East India Company ship Campen, sunk off the Needles, isle of Wight, and then copper ingots, artifacts and literally millions of copper coins from the English East Indiaman Admiral Gardner, on the Goodwin Sands, Kent. Other shipwreck projects concerned historic wrecks including the Coronation, Ramillies, Dartmouth, Schiedam, Dollar Cove, Santo Christo de Castello, and the St.Anthony. <mask> is currently the Licensee for the Bartholomew Ledge wreck site, and the Tearing Ledge site (HMS Eagle) on the Isles of Scilly. Together with his wife he has written over 65 books and countless articles on maritime history and archaeology, shipwrecks and the sea. Their 'Shipwreck Index of the British Isles'(Vol's 1-6) a

masks: Larn Larn


title: Richard Larn

type: original

texts:
 monumental work with details of 45,000 ships, for Lloyd's Register of Shipping, was used by the Royal Commission for Historic Monuments (now English Heritage)to establish the NMR(National Maritime Record), followed by a similar record for both the Scottish and Welsh Governments. In retirement, <mask> is still active in diving, mostly in the Isles of Scilly where he contributes a regular column on maritime history in the local magazines Scilly Now & Then and the Scillonian Magazine. His other interests include figurehead and ship carving, and model making.When in 2007 the council of Scilly commemorated the 300th anniversary of the great naval disaster of 1707, <mask> was among the principal organisers and also gave public lectures, as did Dava Sobel, author of Longitude, and Sir Arnold Wolfendale, the 14th Astronomer Royal. Honours
Besides receiving awards from diving and maritime history associations, <mask> was made a Cornish Bard by the Gorsedd of Cornwall at Redruth in 2006, taking the Bardic name 'Gonyas an Mor' Servant of the Sea. He started a company Shipwrecks.UK.Ltd, and has a web site www.shipwreckphotographs.com, still being developed. In the Birthday Honours 2009 he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for "services to nautical archaeology and marine heritage". awarded the prestigious USA's 'Knight of Mark Twain'(1970). <mask>, one of the original founders, has been

masks: Larn Larn Larn Larn


title: Richard Larn

texts:
 the President and News Letter Editor of IMASS (International Marine Archaeological & Shipwreck Society) since 2010, an organisation which holds the prestige Shipwreck Conference annually at Plymouth University, now in its 35th year. Publications
Note: this list is not complete
 Admiral Shovell's Treasure and Shipwreck in the Isles of Scilly.Peter McBride & <mask>. Shipwreck & Marine, 1999
 Charlestown – the History of a Cornish Seaport. Villiers Publications, 1994
 Cornish Shipwrecks – the Isles of Scilly. David & Charles, 1971 & 1979 (2nd ed.) Cornish Shipwrecks – the South Coast. <mask> & Clive Carter. David & Charles, 1969 & 1971 Pan paperback editions, 1973 & 1976
 Devon Shipwrecks.David & Charles, 1974 & 1977. Pan paper-back editions, 1974 & 1977
 Goodwin Sands Shipwrecks. David & Charles, 1977 & 1979
 Ships, Shipwrecks and Maritime incidents in the Isles of Scilly. Museum Pub. No. 3 (for the Isles of Scilly Museum Council), 1999
 Shipwrecks at Land's End Richard Larn & Edwin Mills Clark. Doble & Brendon, 1970
 Shipwrecks of Devon.Countryside Books, 1996 (2nd ed.) Shipwrecks of Great Britain & Ireland. David & Charles, 1981
 Shipwrecks of the Goodwin Sands. Beresford Books, 1995 (2nd ed.) Shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly. Shipwreck & Marine, 1999 (4th ed.) Shipwrecks of the Isles of Scilly.Thomas & Lochar, 1993 (3rd ed.) Sir Clowdisley Shovell's Disaster in the Isles of Scilly <mask> &

masks:
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Richard Larn
Richard Larn


title: Richard Larn

texts:
 Peter McBride. Western Litho Plymouth, 1985
 The Cita – Scilly's own 'Whisky Galore' wreck. Shipwreck & Marine, 1997 & 1998 (2nd ed.) The Commercial Diving Manual. <mask> & Rex Whistler. David & Charles, 1984, 1989 & 1993 (3rd ed.)The Diver Guide to South Cornwall. Underwater Publications, 1983, 1987 & 1996
 The Diver Guide to the Isles of Scilly & North


title: Carol Bellamy

texts:
<mask> (born January 14, 1942) is an American nonprofit executive and former politician. She is chair of the board of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund (GCERF). Previously, she was director of the Peace Corps, executive director of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and president and CEO of World Learning. She is also the chair of children's rights advocacy organization ECPAT International, working to end the sexual exploitation of children. After three terms in the New York State Senate, she was the first woman to be elected to any citywide office in NYC as President of the New York City Council, a position she held until her unsuccessful bid for Mayor of New York in 1985; she was the second to last person to hold this position. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Plainfield, New Jersey in 1942, and raised in Scotch Plains, graduating from Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School in 1959. She attended Gettysburg College, where she was a member of Delta Gamma, and graduated in 1963.She earned her J.D. degree from New York University School of Law in 1968, and was a Peace Corps volunteer in Guatemala from 1963 to 1965.

Business career
<mask> was a managing director at Bear Stearns from 1990 to 1993, a Principal at Morgan Stanley from 1986 to 1990, and an associate in the New York law firm of Cravath, Swaine & Moore from 1968 to 1971. In 1968, she was to be one of the subjects of Jean-Luc Godard's film One A.M. (later released as One P.M. by D. A. Pennebaker) where she described her philosophy of using business to accomplish social change. Her speech was then satirized by Rip Torn wearing a US Civil War uniform in front of a Brooklyn middle school class. Political career

New York State Senate
<mask> was a member of the New York State Senate from 1973 to 1977, sitting in the 180th, 181st and 182nd New York State Legislatures. New York City Council
She mounted an

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Bellamy
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Bellamy


title: Carol Bellamy

texts:
 uphill campaign for President of the New York City Council and, despite her initially low public profile, she managed to eclipse her main Democratic rivals, construction magnate Abe Hirschfeld and City Councilman Carter Burden. In the process, she earned the editorial support of the city's three major newspapers.While her opponents spent hundreds of thousands of dollars in their campaigns, <mask> carried on with barely $50,000 in funds, and won the Democratic primary in September 1977. In the November general election, she defeated Republican Paul O'Dwyer to become the first woman to be elected as President of the City Council. She held this position until her unsuccessful bid for Mayor of New York in 1985. Other positions
<mask> was a member of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority Board until she resigned from the board at the behest of Governor Mario Cuomo in 1985. In 1982 she considered running for Governor of New York. In 1990 she was an unsuccessful candidate for New York State Comptroller. She served on the New York State Board of Regents, which oversees all state education activities and the state Department of Education, from 2005 to 2006.Peace Corps
From 1993 to 1995, <mask> was the director of the Peace Corps. Appointed by then US President Bill Clinton, she was the first director to have previously been a volunteer. GCERF
As of 2014 <mask> is the Chair of the Governing Board of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund which is the first global effort to support local, community-level initiatives aimed at strengthening resilience against violent extremist agendas, for example through job creation and empowering women and youth. As a public-private partnership operating in the fields of security and development, the fund works with governments, civil society, and the private sector in beneficiary countries to support national strategies to address the local drivers

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Carol Bellamy


title: Carol Bellamy

texts:
 of violent extremism. UNICEF
<mask> was appointed to the position of executive director of UNICEF in 1995 by Boutros Boutros-Ghali, then the Secretary-General of the United Nations. She was granted a second five-year term in 2000 by Boutros-Ghali's successor, Kofi Annan. UN policy states that agency heads may serve no more than two five-year terms.<mask> is credited with having left behind a fiscally sound organization with strong  internal controls. She increased UNICEF's resources from roughly $800 million ($966 m in 2004 terms) in 1994 to more than $1.8 billion in 2004. NGOs
<mask> was appointed the President and CEO of the Brattleboro, Vermont-based World Learning and president of its School for International Training in 2005. World Learning is a global organization with operations in more than 75 countries that fosters global citizenship through experiential education and community-driven development programs. Organizations that fund World Learning include the Tides Foundation and Rockefeller Financial Services. On July 25, 2007, <mask> was elected chair of the board of directors of the Fair Labor Association (FLA). The FLA advocates for workers' interests by promoting international labor standards."For eight years the FLA has been strengthening its capacity to work with companies, factories, civil society organizations and others to end sweatshop labor and protect workers' rights. It is now moving beyond its rigorous monitoring program to focus greater attention on identifying the root causes of these problems and to develop sustainable compliance programs," said Bellamy in accepting the position. Other
In April 2009, <mask> was appointed as Chair of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Board of Governors. Between 2010 and 2013, <mask> was the chair of the Board of Directors of the Global Partnership for Education. <mask> is a member of the Board of the American University of Beirut.

masks:
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Bellamy
Carol Bellamy
Bellamy


title: Carol Bellamy

texts:
 Honors
In 1981, she was selected to be one of the first Young Leaders of the French-American Foundation. <mask> is a former Fellow of the Harvard Institute of Politics at the John F. Kennedy School of Government and an honorary member of Pi Alpha Alpha.At its 1982 commencement ceremonies, Barnard College awarded <mask> the college's highest honor, the Medal of Distinction. <mask> received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from Bates College in 2003. She returned to her alma mater, the NYU School of Law, to deliver a commencement day speech in May 2006. For her work with UNICEF, she was awarded Japan's Order of the Rising Sun in 2006. In 2009, she was recognized for her work by France with the Legion of Honour. References

External links

 The Fales Library Guide to the <mask> Papers

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1942 births
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century American politicians
American University of Beirut trustees
American expatriates in Guatemala
American humanitarians
Women humanitarians
American nonprofit executives
American officials of the United Nations
American women chief executives
American women lawyers
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
Cravath, Swaine & Moore associates
Gettysburg College alumni
Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
Harvard Kennedy School staff
Lawyers from New York City
Living people
New York (state) Democrats
New York (state) lawyers
New York City Council members
New York University School of Law alumni
New York (state) state senators
Peace Corps directors
Peace Corps volunteers
People from Plainfield, New Jersey
People from Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Scotch Plains-Fanwood High School alumni
UNICEF people
Under-Secretaries-General of the United Nations
Women New York City Council members
Women nonprofit executives
Women state legislators in New York (state)
Young Leaders of the French-American Foundation
21st-century American


title: James Frederick Sangala

texts:
<mask> was a founding member of the Nyasaland African Congress during the period of British colonial rule. <mask> was given the nickname "Pyagusi", which means "one who perseveres". <mask> was born in a village in the highlands of what is now southern Malawi, near the Domasi Presbyterian Mission, around 1900, a few years after the British had established the British Central Africa Protectorate. He completed Standard VI (American 8th grade, approximately) at school in Blantyre in about 1921 and for at least the next five years taught at Domasi. Thereafter, until around 1930, he earned between 30/- (shillings) and 75/- a month working for a succession of businessmen as clerk, book-keeper and capitao (foreman). From 1930 until around 1942 he held clerical positions assisting successive Provincial and District Commissioners in the colonial administration. In 1942, he became an interpreter at the High Court.He then retired to earn his living with a brick-making business. In the 1930s, <mask> became a leader of the Native Association movement in Nyasaland, encouraging the formation of local representative groups. In 1943 he was a founder and the acting secretary of the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC), which sought to give a unified voice to the local associations and to press for greater rights for Africans. From 1954 to 1956 he was president of the Congress, but was persuaded to resign to make way for more radical members who were seeking full independence. Despite his moderate stand, <mask> was arrested for his activities more than once in the 1950s. Renamed the Malawi Congress Party, the NAC was to win all the seats in the 1961 Nyasaland elections, and to lead the country to self-governance in 1963 and full independence as the state of Malawi in 1964. Birth and education

<mask> <mask> was born around 1900 at Naisi, near the town of Zomba in the highlands of what is now southern Malawi.Zomba was the residence of the colonial

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title: James Frederick Sangala

texts:
 governor and the administrative center of the British Central Africa Protectorate, renamed Nyasaland in 1907. <mask> was a Mang'anja. His mother was a herbalist who specialized in treatment of trichomonas. <mask> was educated at Zomba Mission primary school and then at Blantyre Mission substation at Domasi. He qualified as a teacher in 1923 and taught primary school until 1927. Working career

In search of higher wages, <mask> obtained work with Limbe Trading Company in 1927, then as a cotton buyer with the British Cotton Growing Association (BGGA) and next as a bookkeeper for M.G. Dharap, an Indian businessman in Limbe.In March 1928 he started work for the African Lakes Corporation, and in May 1929 returned to the BGGA as an office manager. Dissatisfied with the working conditions for Africans in businesses, <mask> joined the civil service in April 1930 as a clerk in the office of the Provincial Commissioner in Blantyre. He then worked for the Blantyre District Commissioner and the Blantyre District Medical Office until July 1942. His work involved typing and other forms of assistance to the commissioner. In July 1942, <mask> transferred to the Judicial Department of the civil service in Blantyre as an interpreter. He was moved to the Dedza District Office in 1944, in his view because of his political activities. In 1947 he returned to the Blantyre District Office, but retired in the early 1950s so he could spend more time on politics, receiving a small government pension and running a brick manufacturing business as his main source of income.Native Associations

The North Nyasa Native Association was formed in 1912, and was followed by several other such associations in the early part of the century, typically composed of the educated elite: teachers, church leaders and civil servants. The Native Associations sought to gain a voice in administrative, economic and other issues. They met some resistance from tribal

masks: Sangala Sangala Sangala Sangala Sangala


title: James Frederick Sangala

texts:
 leaders, but on the whole were encouraged by the colonial administrations. Their emphasis was regional or national rather than tribal. Meetings were often attended by representatives of other associations, helping them exchange views on issues and approaches. <mask> <mask> in Blantyre and Levi Mumba in the rest of the country became leaders of the Native Association movement in Nyasaland during the 1930s. <mask> and Mumba both believed in the importance of Nyasa unity and in the virtues of democratic civil society.During the 1930s, the white colonists of Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) were pushing for unification, and wanted to include Nyasaland in the union, seeing Nyasaland as a useful source of labor that might otherwise be drawn to South Africa. Nyasas resisted this move since they regarded the Rhodesias as "White Man" territory, and preferred the trusteeship arrangement in Nyasaland under which they had greater rights. As early as 1935, the Blantyre Native Association led by <mask> called a meeting of leaders in the area where they were invited to sign a petition opposing amalgamation. When the colonial administration asked the chiefs for views on unification in 1938, the formal statement in reply was in fact composed by Mumba. Nyasaland African Congress 1943 – 1953

The Nyasaland Educated African Council emerged in 1943 from the leaders of the Native Associations, calling for a rapid movement towards self-government. A few months later the Council renamed itself the Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) at the urging of <mask>, who felt the movement should not be restricted to the educated elite. <mask> was acting secretary at the meeting in May 1944 at which the Congress was announced.He was unable to attend the formal inaugural meeting of the Congress in October 1944, at which Levi Zililo Mumba was elected President-General, since he had been transferred to Dedza in the Central

masks:
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Sangala
Sangala
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title: James Frederick Sangala

texts: province, but he was elected to the central committee. <mask>, Mumba and their associates had a vision of the NAC becoming "the mouthpiece of the Africans", cooperating with the government and other colonial bodies "in any matters necessary to speed up the progress of Nyasaland". <mask> encouraged the Congress to "Fight for Freedom", although he was careful to explain to the colonial powers that he did not mean armed conflict by that phrase. <mask> explained to the District Commissioner, Eric Barnes, that he advocated peaceful protests against practices such as curfews and pass laws which treated Africans as a subordinate race. <mask> was not always consistent. In 1949 he accepted a position as a member of the protectorate's Boy Scouts Council. Although in theory open to all races, in practice this organization segregated European, Indian and African boys.The NAC was intended to be an umbrella organization that would coordinate the Native Associations and other local organizations of indigenous people in the protectorate of Nyasaland. <mask> ensured that each of these groups would have a seat on the executive committee of the NAC. However, the organization was weak. When a special committee including <mask> recommended acceptance of Dr. Hastings Banda's proposal that the NAC should have a full-time paid secretary, the proposal was rejected overwhelmingly, perhaps due to suspicion of Banda's motives. By 1950, the NAC had fallen into disarray, forcing the President Charles Matinga to resign for misusing Congress funds. <mask> threw his efforts into reviving the organization, leading to an important meeting in August 1950 in Mzimba where <mask> was elected president, with <mask> Vice-President. Until the early 1950s, <mask> and other leaders such as Doctor Hastings Banda assumed that Nyasaland should evolve towards self-government while remaining under the authority of the British Colonial Office.However, in 1953 the Colonial

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Sangala
Sangala
Sangala
Sangala
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James Chinyama
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title: James Frederick Sangala

texts:
 Office established the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland in which Europeans would retain a position of leadership, abandoning the earlier principles of partnership between the races. The NAC leaders saw this as a betrayal. Uncoordinated protests followed, which were forcefully suppressed, with an official death toll of eleven Africans. <mask> was arrested in September 1953, but was released the next month when the magistrate dismissed the charges. Nyasaland African Congress President 1954 – 1956

In January 1954 <mask> was elected President of the Congress. Although he continued to advocate civil disobedience, he also accepted the decision of two NAC members to run for election for the two seats reserved for Nyasas in the Federal Parliament. This ambiguous position was rejected by some members of the party, who were against any participation in the government.Some resigned or were dismissed. Others who remained in the party attempted a coup towards the end of 1955, calling for resignation of the two MPs and for the NAC to work for immediate secession from the federation and self-rule. Although the leaders of a coup attempt were forced to resign, they remained politically influential. <mask> was conscientious in attending committee meetings, but was handicapped by the need to attend to his own business affairs, often unavailable to provide leadership or advice. In March 1956, <mask> announced that due to health reasons he would not run again for President of Congress. <mask> continued to press London to accept the principle of democratic elections to the Legislative Council, or Legco. <mask> asserted his right of freedom of movement and was arrested.He made sure this was reported in England. In May 1956, <mask> stood trial at the High Court for sedition. He was charged with having advised Thamar Dillon Thomas Banda, the secretary-general of the Congress, to hand a seditious publication to the editor of the Nyasaland

masks: Sangala Sangala Sangala Sangala Sangala Sangala Sangala


title: James Frederick Sangala

texts:
 Times. The charge was the subject of a question in the British House of Commons. In January 1957, <mask> was persuaded to resign from his position as Nyasaland African Congress President, and was replaced by Thamar Dillon Thomas Banda. The NAC was banned by the colonial authorities in 1959, and was succeeded by the Malawi Congress Party (MCP), led from prison by Dr. Hastings Banda. The British came to accept that independence was inevitable.Hastings Banda was released in 1960 and allowed to return to prepare for elections. By then, <mask> and other members of the old guard of the Congress had faded into oblivion and were rarely heard of again. In 1961 the MCP overwhelmingly won the first elections held under universal suffrage, and in 1963 the country gained self governance followed by independence the next year with the new name of Malawi. <mask>'s grandson, <mask>, was appointed Minister of Internal Affairs and Public Security in the Cabinet of Malawi in May 2009. Character

<mask> was described by W.L. Jennings, the High Court Registrar in Blantyre, as a "peculiar" but "charming" man whose motto was "to struggle for the freedom and peace of all". Some critics said he was autocratic, but others thought he was too mild.He was not interested in publicity, and avoided conflict, preferring to work behind the scenes in organizing the party. But in a crisis, he was willing to stand forward. In an interview in August 1961 he said "My first duty was to do such things [that would] ... cause people to be happy. Due to this aim I do not fear to speak to any person provided it is the truth and this always does not please my friends who suggest that I am a difficult person". <mask> was a strong believer in the virtues of dignity, and refused to accept common views within colonial society that the "natives" were in any way inferior to Whites. References

Sources

Further reading

Nyasaland African Congress politicians
1900s

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Sangala
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Aaron Sangala
Sangala
Sangala


title: Pedro Santana

texts:
<mask>, 1st Marquis of Las Carreras (June 29, 1801June 14, 1864), better known as <mask>, was a Dominican military commander and royalist politician who served as the president of the junta that had established the First Dominican Republic, a precursor to the position of the President of the Dominican Republic, and as the first President of the republic in the modern line of succession. A traditional royalist who was fond of the Monarchy of Spain and the Spanish Empire, he ruled as a governor-general, but effectively as an authoritarian dictator. <mask> was a lifelong supporter of the Dominican revolt against the Haitian occupation and a noted general during the Dominican War of Independence (1844–1856). Unlike many of his political opponents who wanted to ultimately establish an independent Dominican state, <mask> sought to reintegrate Hispaniola into the Spanish Empire. He oversaw the reestablishment of the Captaincy General of Santo Domingo as well as exile and imprisonment of a number of noted separatist and nationalist dissidents who had previously been his comrades during the war of independence. Under mounting pressure from the opposition which had been organizing a coup d'etat, he was forced to resign from his position. He died during the Dominican Restoration War, after which the country regained its independence.Background
<mask> was born in the northern border region, in the city of Hincha (today Hinche in Haiti), on June 29, 1801. His mother was Petronila Familias, a Dominican of Spanish Canarian descent, and his father was <mask>, who according most sources was of Canarian ancestry too although one source

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Pedro Santana
Santana
Santana
Pedro Santana
Pedro Santana


title: Pedro Santana

texts:
 states that he was a Mexican of indigenous origin. Both of his parents were landowners in the border zone between the Spanish territory of Santo Domingo and the French territory Saint Domingue. Due to the Haitian revolution and slave revolts of 1804, the <mask> family moved to the Cibao valley, specifically in Gurabo, before settling in El Seibo, in the eastern part of the country, where the family dedicated themselves to cattle ranching. In that region his father cut off the head of French governor Jean-Louis Ferrand during the battle of Palo Hincado, and took it as a trophy to the city of Santo Domingo. Military and political role

<mask> was the Dominican Republic's president (although he ruled as a dictator) during the years 1844–48, 1853–56, and 1858–61 (when Spain annexed the Dominican Republic as <mask> wished). Thereafter, <mask> became governor, with the rank of Captain General of the territory.He held those titles until 1862. <mask> had great talent as a military leader, but was unable to leave his dictatorial personality on the battlefield. Though many historians criticise his rule as an economic disaster, <mask> was meticulous in conducting public affairs, and obviously a great soldier. <mask> also fought with distinction in the Revolution of July 7, 1857, when Cibao placed their revolutionary army under his command. The Congress of the Dominican Republic awarded <mask> the title of “Liberator of the Nation” on July 18, 1849 for his victory in the Battle of Las Carreras, where a force of 800 Dominican troops, led by <mask>, defeated 10,000 troops of the Haitian Army led by Faustin Soulouque. As a dictator

masks: Santana Santana Santana Santana Santana Santana Santana Santana Santana


title: Pedro Santana

texts: He is considered a brilliant military strategist, and was a key figure in the successful separation of the Dominican Republic from Haiti. But many historians, such as Nancie L. González and Howard J. Wiarda, think that some of his later actions barred him from becoming a genuine national hero.After he drove the Haitian army out of the country in the Dominican War of Independence, he almost immediately moved to eliminate the very Independentists that fought alongside him. <mask> felt that the new nation could not survive without being annexed to Spain, which the Trinitarian Independentists did not accept. He relentlessly arrested or exiled members of La Trinitaria. The very first person that was forced out of the country was Juan Pablo Duarte, founding father of the new Dominican Republic. He  died nobly in Caracas. After the campaign of 1849, conflict between <mask> and legendery French-Dominican war hero, General Antonio Duvergé increased. Duvergé was accused of conspiracy against the government of <mask> and was executed with his twenty-three year old son, Alcides Duvergé on April 11, 1855.Duvergé was one of most prominent leaders of the Dominican military, his execution caused ripples around the Dominican community. <mask> attacked María Trinidad Sánchez, the first heroine of the Republic and aunt of Francisco del Rosario Sánchez of the Founding Fathers of the nation. She and Concepción Bona made the first national flag. <mask> imprisoned her, tortured her, and sentenced her to death when she refused to name "conspirators" against him in the newly independent republic. Exactly one year after the proclamation of

masks:
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Pedro Santana
Santana
Santana
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title: Pedro Santana

texts:
 Independence (February 27, 1845) María Trinidad Sánchez was executed by a firing squad. This made her the first (but not last) female martyr of the republic. Family and marriages

<mask> had two brothers, Ramón (b.29 June 1801) —his twin brother— and Florencio (b. 14 November 1805) —who was paralytic, mute and mentally ill.

<mask> was engaged to María del Carmen Ruiz, a local beauty, who was thrown from her horse, dying instantly, when her horse shied as she was returning to El Seybo from a pilgrimage to the sanctuary of Our Lady of Altagracia in Higüey. The death of his fiancée sent <mask> into a deep depression. His twin brother Ramón, convinced <mask> to accompany him on a visit to his fiancée Froilana Febles, who lived in El Seybo. During his visits to his soon to-be sister-in-law, <mask> fell in love with his brother's future mother-in-law, the much older Micaela Antonia del Rivero, widow of the very wealthy Miguel Febles. This meant that Froilana Febles became <mask>'s sister-in-law and stepdaughter at the same time, while Micaela del Rivero became sister-in-law and mother-in-law of <mask>. The <mask>-del Rivero marriage was very unhappy, but it gave <mask> influence and power in the Southeastern region.After the death of his first wife (his wife died on 12 December 1854), <mask> remarried, this time to Ana Zorrilla, another older, wealthy widow. Because of his marriages to older women, he had no legitimate children. His brother Ramón died on 15 June 1844 during the Revolutionary war of Independence. From his brother's marriage to Froilana Febles, he had 3 nephews: Manuel (b. 24 March 1833), Francisco, and <mask>

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Pedro Santana
Santana
Pedro
Pedro
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Ramón Santana
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Rafael Santana


title: Pedro Santana

texts:
 (b. 1834-5), and a niece, Maria de Los Angeles (b. 1844) whom inherited many of <mask>'s properties.Among <mask> and his wife Paula Bobadilla’s  descendants are Cardinal Octavio Beras and comedian Freddy Beras-Goico. Descendants of his niece, María de los Ángeles <mask>les, and her husband Isidoro Durán include Minister and former senator José Ignacio Paliza. Last years

<mask> died in the city of Santo Domingo on June 14, 1864, shortly after having been bestowed the hereditary title of Marqués de las Carreras (28 March 1862), in recognition of his victory in the Battle of Las Carreras, by Queen Isabella II of Spain, and was buried in the Ozama Fortress next to the Torre del Homenaje. Since 1978, his remains have lain at the National Pantheon of the Dominican Republic. <mask> died childless. He bequeathed his properties to his nephews, his godchildren, and his stepchildren. He included a pension to his disabled brother Florencio and his aunt Dominga Familia.References

External links

Dominican Republic Heads of State
<mask> Familias (in Spanish) by Miosotis de Jesus
<mask> at Find A Grave

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1801 births
1864 deaths
People from Centre (department)
People of the Dominican War of Independence
Dominican Republic people of Canarian descent
Dominican Republic people of Spanish descent
Dominican Republic people of indigenous peoples descent
Dominican Republic people of Mexican descent
Presidents of the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic military personnel
Marquesses of Spain
Nobility of the Americas
Spanish monarchists
Spanish nobility
Twin people from the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic independence

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Pedro Santana


title: Sinta Tantra

texts: <mask> (born 11 November 1979) is a British artist of Balinese descent. She was born in New York on 11 November 1979, and spent her childhood in Indonesia, America and the UK. She graduated from the Slade School of Fine Art, London, in 2003 and completed her postgraduate degree at Royal Academy of Arts in 2006. In the same year, she was awarded the prestigious Deutsche Bank Award in Fine Art. Highly regarded for her site-specific work in the public realm, she has since undertaken commissions that include the Folkestone Triennial (2017), Songdo Tech City (2016), Liverpool Biennial (2012), The Southbank Centre (2008), and TFL Art on the Underground (2007). She held the inaugural Bridget Riley Fellowship 2016–17 at the British School at Rome, is the recipient of the British Council’s International Development Award and was shortlisted for the Jerwood Painting Prize. She lives and works between London and Bali.Tantra’s practice is diverse, ranging from painted canvases, to site-specific sculptural interventions, to large-scale public artworks. She describes her work as 'painting on an architectural scale'. Colour is central to her practice, as a 'material which lies between the language of art and industry'. Her distinctive palette is inspired by her Balinese heritage and childhood holidays: 'I remember things through colour –  especially the way in which colours vibrate against each other. I like the idea of ‘colour semiotics’ and the associations one has to particular colours in relationship to either brand or narrative.' Her work has been described as "exuberant", a "hedonistic celebration of excess and decoration", and her contribution to public art by transforming spaces with "chaotic yet captivating images" has been recognised by collectors and commissioners alike. Her 2010 work Universe of Objects in Archive, Arsenic and Railings praised for lifting the perspective "like the energy of a released spring and pulses


title: Sinta Tantra

texts:
 horizontally around the room in endless optical trigonometric fugue".Early life and education
<mask> was born on 11 November 1979, in New York, to Balinese parents. Her father worked in finance, while her mother looked after her and her four older siblings. When <mask> was aged 6, the family relocated to the UK. <mask> has said, 'Like many first generation children whose parents migrated, I could never really identify with being from just one particular place. My work explores my identity and the layering of cultures specific to my own experiences. I am inspired by the colours of Bali, an English Heritage palette and 1980s pop Americana.' After completing a BTEC diploma in Fine Art at Middlesex University in 1999, <mask> took her BA at the Slade School of Fine Art from 2000 to 2003, under the tutor Andrew Stahl, head of Painting.It was here that she met the sculptor Nick Hornby, who she would go on to collaborate with in the future. During her studies, <mask> was introduced to the work of the conceptual artist Sol LeWitt (1928-2007), whose reduction of painting to a 'series of instructions or blueprints' she cites as a ‘huge’ and enduring influence on her practice. Like LeWitt, <mask>'s work lies at the intersection between art and architecture, exceeding the confines of the canvas and of the gallery space. Likewise, <mask> cites the Indonesian painter Mochtar Apin (1923-1944) as an inspiration: 'In my work, there are specific elements inspired by Indonesian patterns. These patterns are reduced, distorted or enlarged to such a scale that the viewer becomes submerged in the decoration itself.' After graduating, <mask> was accepted onto the Royal Academy Fine Art Masters Programme. Her studies were funded by a Paul Smith Postgraduate Scholarship.It was at the RA that <mask>'s interest in large-scale artwork in the public realm began. She regards this as a reaction both to the stereotype of female work as modest or

masks: Tantra Tantra Tantra Tantra Tantra Tantra Tantra Tantra Tantra


title: Sinta Tantra

texts:
 decorative. 'Even at art school, painting on canvas didn't really appeal to me- I was more interested in playing with architectural space, injecting colour, line, and form into new environments. Admittedly in the early days, there was also the desire to challenge the gender stereotype, that both men and women could make large scale works.' She describes the expectation of her lecturers and peers that she would create 'something cute and feminine, in small sizes' as fuelling her desire to ‘consistently create abstract and structured paintings’. Career

<mask> completed her MA in 2006, and that year was awarded the prestigious Deutsche Bank award. She began running a studio space for artists in the London Borough of Camden, organising workshops and community projects.Through her work she made contact with Camden Council, who commissioned her first public art piece, a mural stretching across Regents Park Bridge titled Isokon Dreams (2007). The work was praised by the local Councillor Flick Rea, who said 'The mural is fantastic. It really brightens the [Regents Park Road] bridge'. Tantra's early work was composed of intricately cut vinyl and painted designs, featuring vibrant colours and geometric shapes. Her work remains recognisable for its distinctive use of colour and pattern: clean lines, geometric abstraction, a preoccupation with decorative symbols, and a bold and arresting choice of colours. Among her first commissions was a 2006 project for Transport For London’s Art on the Underground initiative, for which she produced a vinyl installation at the exit of Piccadilly Circus Station. Other early projects include a large mural and stage for the Saison Poetry Library in the Southbank Centre, titled A Good Time and a Half!(2007). Poet Lemn Sissay described it as an 'incredible piece of work', which 'allows for the full breadth of human experience upon the stage [...] brings the entire world into the library'. Since then


title: Sinta Tantra

texts:
 <mask> has gone on to make increasingly ambitious works, including her painting across the length of the DLR Bridge in Canary Wharf titled A Beautiful Sunset Mistaken for a Dawn, which was commissioned by Canary Wharf Group in anticipation of the 2012 Olympics. Other projects include an installation at the Open Eye Gallery as part of the 2012 Liverpool Biennial. 2013 saw the first of a series of collaborative projects with the sculptor Nick Hornby. Collaborative Works was held in the lobby of the One Canada Square building. This featured Hornby’s marble sculptures overlaid with Tantra’s trademark colour abstractions, as well as maquettes for larger sculptures drawing on Tantra’s colour compositions.The exhibition was described as a ‘a radical development’ in both their careers. Of public art, Tantra has said: 'There's a sort of "constructivist" approach to the entire process which I like [...] there are the practicalities of making the work itself whilst giving the artwork a "social function"'. She feels that her Balinese heritage has affected her work less in its appearance than in the way that art 'is embedded in life- which is what public art does- and the idea of working together with people [...] I guess that it is like a celebration'. Tantra has held a number of artists residencies, including a 2014 residency with Cemeti Art House and Mes 56 in Yogyakarta, one of the largest creative communities in Indonesia. It was funded by Arts Council England and the British Council. Public commissions

Palio di Siena (2017)

During <mask>'s Bridget Riley Fellowship at the BSR, she was selected to design the Drappellone for the 2017 Palio di Siena, a twice-yearly tradition stretching back 600 years, in which representatives of the 17  (districts) of Siena race on horseback to win the prized flag. Since 1970, it is convention that an international artist be chosen to design the flag.Tantra united her contemporary design and

masks: Tantra Tantra


title: Sinta Tantra

texts:
 colour palette with the compulsory elements: the Madonna of the Assumption, the City insignia (Terzi), and the symbols of each contrada participating in the race), as well as that year's commemoration for Giovanni Duprè. "For an abstract geometric artist, the biggest challenge was having to include figurative elements. For the Madonna of the Assumption, I represented the figure as a linear drawing based on an early renaissance painting I found by Ambrogio Lorenzetti. The sculpture of Sappho by Giovanni Duprè on the other hand, was based on drawing illustrations by Andy Warhol from the 1950s- I wanted to add a layer of 'pop art' and 1950s nostalgia into the work". Folkestone Triennial (2017)

As part of the 2017 Folkestone Triennial, <mask> <mask> was invited by Lewis Biggs (founder of the Liverpool Biennial) to paint the Cube building on Tontine Street. Inspired by the diversity of Tontine Street's migrant residents, Tantra took visual cues from an eclectic mix of sources. The fluid lines and spliced circles flanking one side of the building are a gesture to the colour patterns of Sonia Delaunay (1885-1979).The work's title, and its colours (candy pink, racing green and Wedgewood blue) were lifted from a poster from 1947 advertising rail travel to Folkestone. [26] She says ‘I wanted to inject some of that [advert’s] romance into the intervention’. Tantra has said that the aim of the work was "to make the building fizz". "I wanted to have a retro feel, because I was thinking of Folkestone as a seaside town", she says. "I was thinking about post-war Britain and what that meant, and the idea of holidays, because after the war it was obviously quite difficult." Design Historian Dr. Paul Rennie of Central St. Martins praised the work's "evident simplicity, economy, and effectiveness [...] Sinta's made a pig-ugly 1970s building disappear into plain view!" Rennie remarked that passersby were afforded "completely different

masks: Sinta Tantra


title: Sinta Tantra

texts:
 experiences of the building as it shape-shifts in relation to movement.The direct appeal to feeling derived from both colour and movement is irresistible...and provides a nice contrast to the prevailing over-complication of much contemporary [art]." Songdo, South Korea (2015)

<mask> was commissioned by the city of Songdo, Korea's ‘High Tech Utopia’, to create a floor painting as part of its major public art programme. Songdo is one of the world's first "Smart Cities". The artwork is located by the waterfront and measures over 3,300 square metres. Seen from above, it communicates the forward-looking drive of the "city of the future". Canary Wharf (2012)

Among <mask>'s most notable work is her 2012 A Beautiful Sunset Mistaken for a Dawn. Commissioned by Canary Wharf Group for the 2012 Olympics, The 300 metre-long painted mural features on both sides of the DLR bridge that stretches across the Thames in London's Docklands Waterfront.The work was inspired by the high-rise silhouettes of Canary Wharf, and by the ever-changing colours of sunrise and dusk. <mask> explains, "Time and space forms a peculiar concept in our modern world today. There is the working day, our relationship to technology juxtaposed with the nature and universe at large. Through the use of colour, scale and geometry, I wanted to create a painting which engaged the viewer at different times of the day and different times of the year; a piece of work which made you think about the surrounding architecture, the natural landscape and how we as bodies move along, around, above and beneath." <mask>'s palette of muted pinks and blues was complemented by a lighting scheme by Lighting Design International. LED projectors under the bridge washed soft coloured light from end to end, which adapted to echo the transitions of sky from day to night. The painting required 5,000 litres of paint and over 3 km of specialist masking tape to achieve the clean, precise

masks: Tantra Tantra Sinta Tantra


title: Sinta Tantra

texts:
 lines that Tantra is known for.As part of the project, Tantra recorded a 24-hour time lapse sequence that showed the sunset and sunrise over the bridge. It is part of Canary Wharf Group's Permanent Collection, alongside artists such as Lynn Chadwick, Bruce McLean, and Catherine Yass. Paintings and exhibitions
In recent years, <mask>'s practice has expanded to include painted canvases, and smaller sculptural interventions. These works are part of her ongoing interest in the relationship between physical and pictorial space, and her exploration of colour, pattern, weight and dimension. She has spoken of her preference for tempera paint: "[it is] very similar to the finish of an Italian fresco; highly pigmented, very matt and has a brilliant lustre […] when you stare at it, its almost like 'falling' into the colour." Her artworks increasingly make use of historical and literary references and found objects, lifting colours and shapes from the 18th century architecture of John Nash to Hollywood films such as Breakfast at Tiffany's. <mask>'s painting practice, like her public artwork,  strives to "turn the white cube space inside out"."I want to create a feeling of total immersion, of diving into the colour and into the surface", she explains. Bold geometric patterns and colours seek to create "a more intimate relationship with what you see in front of you - an awareness of material and colour and the solidity between the two". Tantra has had a number of international solo-shows. Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions (2016) at Pearl Lam Galleries, Hong Kong, featured paintings that played with the relationship between the two-dimensional the three-dimensional. "Her works define the clarity between the two but also finds endless ways of distorting it, questioning the relationship between painting and architecture". <mask>'s 2017 solo-show A House in Bali (ISA Art Advisory, Jakarta ) borrowed its title from the name of a

masks: Tantra Tantra Tantra


title: Sinta Tantra

texts:
 Colin McPhee novel. The book depicts Bali as a place rich in culture, spiritual values and pleasure.As <mask> puts it: "Growing up in London, my Balinese father daily played Gamelan music on the cassette player at home. For him, it was a way to transport himself back to the small village where he grew up and immerse himself in fond memories. In his book, McPhee writes about the relationship between the abstract and syncopated sounds of Gamelan music and how, like Jazz, the music is percussion led. In this new series of paintings, I wanted to draw a stronger focus on a sense of rhythm and how line and colour represents a sort of musical notation across the canvas." Media Recognition
<mask> has been featured in leading UK and international press, including The Guardian, The Evening Standard, Tate Shots, Architectural Digest, Wall Street International Magazine, The Jakarta Post, BBC Indonesia, etc. In September 2013 she was also a guest on the popular Indonesian talk show hosted by Kick Andy on Metro TV, described as "the Oprah Winfrey of Indonesian Television". [46]

Awards

 2017 Bridget Riley Fellowship in Drawing, British School at Rome
 2014 British Council’s International Development Award
 2012 Associate member of the Royal British Society of Sculptors
 2010 Shortlisted for the Jerwood Contemporary Painting Prize
 2009 Courvosier The Future 500 in partnership with The Observer Newspaper
 2007 Westminster Civic Award for Public Arts in London
 2006 The Deutsche Bank Pyramid Award in Fine Art
 2006 The Gordon Luton Award from the Worshipful Painters Stainers Trust
 2005 Nationwide Mercury Music and Art Award Finalist selected by Peter Blake and Tim Marlow
 2005 Henry Moore Post Graduate Award
 2004 Michael Moser Award
 2003 Dover Street Arts Club Excellence in Drawing Prize
 2003 Paul Smith Post Graduate Scholarship

References

British contemporary artists
British women artists
1979 births
Living people
Alumni of


title: John Evershed

texts:
<mask>IE FRS FRAS (26 February 1864 – 17 November 1956) was an English astronomer. He was the first to observe radial motions in sunspots, a phenomenon now known as the Evershed effect. Biography
<mask> was born in Gomshall, Surrey to <mask> and Sophia (née Price) <mask>. He made the discovery which bears his name while at Kodaikanal Observatory in 1909. After retirement in 1923 he set up a private observatory at Ewhurst, Surrey and built a large spectroheliograph of special design and another with high-dispersion liquid prism. He continued to study the wave-lengths of H and K lines in prominences, giving values of the solar rotation at high levels in different latitudes and at different phases of the solar cycle. Work continued until 1950 when the observatory closed and he presented some of his instruments to the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux.In the autumn of 1890 was a founding member of the British Astronomical Association. He directed its Solar Spectroscopy Section (1893-1899) and Spectroscopic Section (1924-1926). Awards and honours
In 1894 <mask> was elected a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, in 1918 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May, 1915. The <mask> crater on the Moon is named in his honor. He was awarded as a Companion of the Indian Empire on his retirement in 1923.

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John Evershed C
Evershed
John
Evershed
Evershed
Evershed


title: John Evershed

texts:
 Personal life
<mask> was married to fellow astronomer Mary Acworth Orr <mask>, with whom he co-authored some work.He died in Ewhurst, Surrey on 17 November 1956. He also had interest in lepidoptera and other insects. W. H. Evans described a butterfly and named it after <mask>(Thoressa evershedi-Evans, 1910) as the first specimen was collected by <mask>. In 2015 his archive was acquired by the Science Museum, London. Bibliography

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Report of his Observatory. vol. 94 (1934), p. 318
Report of his Observatory.vol. 95 (1935), p. 379
Report of his Observatory. vol. 96 (1936), p. 337
Report of his Observatory. vol. 97 (1937), p. 327
Report of his Observatory. vol.98 (1938), p. 296
Report of his Observatory. vol. 100 (1940), p. 298
Report of his Observatory. vol. 102 (1942), p. 94
Report of his Observatory. vol. 103 (1943), p. 84
Report of his Observatory.vol. 105 (1945), p. 122
Report of his Observatory. vol. 106 (1946), p. 59
Report of his Observatory. vol. 107 (1947), p. 81
Report of his Observatory. vol.108 (1948), p. 78
Report of his Observatory. vol. 109 (1949), p. 177
Report of his Observatory. vol. 110 (1950), p. 164
Report of his Observatory. vol. 111 (1951), p. 216

Nature
The Chromosphere.vol. 37 (1887), p. 79
The Corona Spectrum. vol. 48 (1893), p. 268
A Remarkable Flight of Birds. vol. 52 (1895), p. 508
The Corona Spectrum.

masks: Evershed Evershed Evershed Evershed


title: John Evershed

texts:
 p. 198
The Flash-Spectrum. vol.25 (1902), p. 272
Sun-Spots and Magnetic Storms. vol. 27 (1904), p. 129
The Rumford Spectrograph of the Yerkes Observatory. vol. 27 (1904), p. 164
Sun-Spots and Solar Temperature. vol. 31 (1908), p. 462
Helium Absorption in the Sun.vol. 31 (1908), p. 212
Water-Vapour Lines in the Spot-Spectrum. vol. 32 (1909), p. 101
Sun-spots and the Solar Temperature. vol. 32 (1909), p. 135
Pressure in the Reversing Layer. vol.32 (1909), p. 254
Radial Movement in Sun-spots. vol. 32 (1909), p. 291
Pressure in the Reversing Layer. vol. 32 (1909), p.
Dante and Mediaeval Astronomy (with <mask>, M. A.). vol.34 (1911), p. 440
Radium and the Chromosphere. vol. 35 (1912), p. 360
Some Problems of Astronomy (XIV The Displacement of the Lines of the Solar Spectrum Towards the Red). vol. 37 (1914), p. 124
The General Shift of Fraunhofer Lines Towards the Red. vol. 37 (1914), p. 388
Anomalous Dispersion in the Sun.vol. 39 (1916), p. 59
Large Prominences. vol. 39 (1916), p. 392
Anomalous Dispersion in the Sun. vol. 39 (1916), p. 432
The Einstein Effect and the Eclipse of 1919 May 29. vol. 40 (1917), p. 269
Day and Night "Seeing".vol. 40 (1917), p. 407
The Displacement of the Cyanogen Bands in the Solar Spectrum. vol. 41 (1918), p. 371
The Positive-on-Negative Method of Measuring Spectra. vol. 41 (1918), p. 443
The Displacement of the Solar Lines Reflected by Venus. vol.42


title: John Evershed

texts:
 (1919), p. 51
Calcium Clouds in the Milky Way. vol. 42 (191), p. 85
The Pulsation Theory of Cepheid Variables. vol. 42 (1919), p. 124
The Moon in Daylight. vol. 42 (1919), p. 339
Displacement of the Lines in the Solar Spectrum and Einstein's Prediction.vol. 43 (1920), p. 153
The Relativity Shift in the Solar Spectrum. vol. 44 (1921), p. 243
The Spectrum of Sirius. vol. 45 (1922), p. 296
The Einstein Effect in the Solar Spectrum. vol.46 (1923), p. 299
Stationary Calcium in Space. vol. 47 (1924), p. 53
The Height of the Chromosphere. vol. 48 (1925), p. 45
The Height of the Chromosphere. vol. 48 (1925), p. 146
The Green Flash.vol. 49 (1926), p. 369
Recent Work at Arcetri (with <mask>, M. A.). vol. 55 (1932), p. 254
The Central Intensities of the Fraunhofer Lines. vol. 56 (1933), p. 275
The Problem of the Red Shift in the Solar Spectrum.vol. 60 (1937), p. 266
Obituary: George Ellery Hale. vol. 61 (1938), p. 163
Sunspots and Magnetic Storms. vol. 63 (1940), p. 47
The Magnetic Effect in Sunspot Spectra. vol.65 (1944), p. 190
Spectrum Lines in Chromospheric Flares. vol. 68 (1948), p. 67
The Central Intensities of the Fraunhofer Lines. vol. 69 (1949), p. 109

References

External links
 J. <mask> @ Astrophysics Data System

1864 births
1956 deaths
People from Gomshall
20th-century British astronomers
Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fellows of the Royal

masks: Evershed Evershed


title: Daniel James (businessman)

texts:
<mask> (1801–1876) was one of the three founder partners of Phelps, Dodge & Co., a New York trading organisation established in 1833/4, exporting cotton to England and importing manufactured goods in return such as tin, tin plate, iron and copper. <mask> was born in America but was to live in Liverpool for 47 years running the British side of the business called Phelps, James & Co. The company was to dominate the export market of tinplate from the United Kingdom for three-quarters of a century at a time when Wales was the centre of world production. Early life
<mask>, born in Truxton, New York, was a wholesale grocer who in 1829 married Elizabeth Woodbridge Phelps (born 1807) daughter of merchant Anson Greene Phelps (born 1781). In 1831, <mask> moved to Liverpool with his wife to replace Anson Phelps's existing partner – Elisha Peck – who had spent fifteen years in the job and wanted to return to America. Partnership
The Phelps, Peck & Co partnership ended in 1833, when the building housing their New York warehouse collapsed. To revive the business Phelps set up the partnership with his two sons-in-law <mask> and William Earle Dodge, Sr., forming Phelps, Dodge & Co. in the US and Phelps, James & Co. in England.Phelps was the senior partner in this arrangement with a two-thirds interest and the remainder split between the sons-in-law. In 1837 Phelps's daughter Caroline (1812–1881), whose fiancé, Josiah Stokes, had been killed in the building collapse, married his brother <mask> and he would eventually (in 1847) be the third son-in-law of Anson G Phelps to join the organisation as a partner with a 15% share. He would leave in 1878 to enter the banking business. The American side of the business was to remain in family control into the next century, although in Britain <mask> made his assistant - Thomas Morris Banks (b 1796) - a partner in Phelps, James & Co. When their father-in-law Phelps died in

masks:
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James
Daniel James
Daniel
Daniel James
James
Daniel James


title: Daniel James (businessman)

texts:
 1853, <mask> and William Earle Dodge Sr. purchased his holdings and absorbed his son's share when he died some years later. <mask> would continue to live in England but was said to have gone frequently to America for extended holidays and consultation with his partners. From about 1835 Phelps, Dodge & Co. were heavily involved with selling timber extracted from lands they had purchased in Pennsylvania and it became their largest subsidiary operation.<mask>'s brother, Henry (1821–1897), joined this business in about 1842, and eventually ran the outlet operation for Phelps, Dodge from Baltimore under the company name of Henry James & Co.

Life in Liverpool

In the first few years of business <mask> faced difficult times in Liverpool. A recession that started in 1837 in both America and Britain brought the company to the point of ruin and lasted several years. His wife died in 1847 and his eldest son was killed in a carriage accident whilst visiting his grandfather in America. <mask> remarried in 1849 to Sophia Hitchcock. At this time his surviving son - <mask> <mask> - moved to America to further his education and become a member of Phelps, Dodge & Co.

<mask> and Sofia had three children: Frank Linsly (b. 1851 d.1890), John Arthur (b. 1853 d.1917) and William Dodge (b.1854 d.1912) who all grew up and were educated in Britain. Linsly became an explorer and was killed in Africa by a wounded elephant in 1890. Both Arthur and William married into British society and lived in English country houses on the inherited wealth of their father. Arthur's main residence was Coton House near Rugby and William's was West Dean House, West Sussex. The death of Frank came as a terrible blow to both Arthur and his brother William. As a memorial, he and Arthur funded the building of a hospital for mariners in the town of East Cowes, Isle of Wight, named the Frank James Memorial Hospital. Sophia Hall Hitchcock died in

masks:
Daniel James
James
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel
Daniel Willis
James
Daniel


title: Daniel James (businessman)

texts:
 1870 and in 1871, <mask> married his children’s former governess Ruth Lancaster Dickinson (b.1824-d.1907). In 1866 <mask> took British citizenship in order to buy the house that became his final home - Beaconsfield, Woolton, Liverpool. Cotton Famine Relief
In 1862 the import of cotton to the UK dried up due to the blockade of the Confederate ports by the Union's navy during the civil war. This resulted in great hardship for the workers and families associated with the cotton manufacturing industry. Relief funds were set up in the northern states of America to support the UK cotton workers. Donation were made by American businesses and individuals amounting to $350,000, and this was used to purchase foodstuffs in America including flour and preserved meats. <mask> was appointed the chairman of the Liverpool committee, responsible for receiving the shipments, offloading and distributing the food.In addition he negotiated with transport companies and government agencies to exempt charges and duties where possible in the UK. Moiety scandal

In December 1872, <mask> arrived at his office to be greeted by a newspaper article that read: Phelps, Dodge & Co., New York. — This great firm have had their books and papers seized by the United States for alleged frauds on the revenue to the amount of $1,750,000. The shock was such that there were concerns for his health and even a year later he had not fully recovered. The events that led up to this involved a Phelps Dodge employee in New York who noticed a discrepancy in the declaration made to the Customs House. This resulted in an underpayment of import duty. He removed the pages from the ledger and took them to an agent of the Custom House called B. G. Jayne.He was empowered in law to seize the entire value of the import from Phelps Dodge if the case against them was proven. The Custom House received 50% of any money recovered in this way and the remainder

masks:
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel James


title: Daniel James (businessman)

texts:
 was split between Jayne, his associates and the informer. This system had been in place for many years and was referred to as Moiety. Jayne made an unannounced visit to the Phelps Dodge office and seized their books. Later he informed them that they were liable to pay a forfeit of $1,750,000. Without access to his ledgers, the senior partner of the firm, William E. Dodge, was unable to verify the underpayment of duty and was forced to reach a settlement with Jayne of $271,000. When the ledgers were returned to Phelps Dodge they discovered that the underpayment was as little as $1664.68.The reason for this discrepancy had been the difference of the value of the goods declared in Liverpool and the eventual market value in America, which had fallen. The apparent injustice of the fine against Phelps Dodge, one of the most respected merchant firms in America, became a public scandal. William E. Dodge appeared before the House of Representative’s Ways and Means Committee in Washington in 1874 when they investigate the Moiety system. Jayne was also called and he was questioned about his associates and eventually admitted that the lawyer he used was General Benjamin Franklin Butler. He was asked to appear before the committee but due to illness refused. At a later date (June 19, 1874) Butler addressed the House of Representatives on the matter and was highly critical of Phelps Dodge and in particular <mask>. However, his accusations were totally unfounded in fact and other members of the House rounded on him.His speech also gave member of the House the opportunity to raise the issue of his involvement in the Sanborn scandal where large sums of recovered Government money went into private hands. See also the article Anti-Moiety Acts for additional information. Legacy
During the recession that started in 1837, <mask> was faced with insolvency in England whilst his partners were investing in lumber and metal

masks:
Daniel James
Daniel James


title: Daniel James (businessman)

texts: manufacturing in American. He wrote to his brother-in-law that "a merchant ought not to be a manufacturer". Again in 1857 a similar situation arose and this time his son expressed concern: “The place for all the Capital we have is in the business, and not in pine lands, factories, Lackawanna R R or Iron concerns”. <mask> was a worrier and unlike his partners did not have the inclination or temperament for risk taking. However, he was suited to be a merchant and a very good one.From 1833 to 1873 his Liverpool end of the business procured and exported over $300,000,000 worth of metal to America, he also imported and sold cotton to the mills in Lancashire. In 1859 his long term friend and business partner in Liverpool - Thomas Banks - died. Phelps, James & Co. dominated the export of tinplate from the UK. In America the imported tinplate was used for manufacturing such things as roofing, tools, machinery, cans, cutlery, skillets, pots, pans, pitchers, plates, washing boards, bathtubs, etc. <mask> continued to run the business until his death in 1876 leaving a solid foundation from which the next generation would build, not in mercantile. During the 1880s and beyond his son and William E Dodge Jr. developed vast copper mining enterprises in Arizona and extending railroads to meet the growing demands from an expanding USA. Two years after <mask> died, his partner William E Dodge Sr. retired and the Stokes family left the business.On 31 December 1878 the existing Phelps, James & Co partnership officially 'expired'. Charles Berjew Brooke became the representative in the UK for Phelps James & Co for the final 25 years of its existence. and the business was eventually closed on 31 December 1906. <mask>, like his partners was a religious man. He met preacher Charles Grandison Finney in New York during the 1830s when <mask>'s father-in-law - Anson G Phelps - had rented and later purchased church buildings

masks:
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel


title: Daniel James (businessman)

texts:
 for him. Finney records in his memoirs that when he visited England in 1857 he stayed with <mask> in Liverpool. Legacies in <mask>'s will included sums for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and London Missionary Society.Final Resting Place

Just as <mask> became successful he lost his first wife Elizabeth. She had not enjoyed the best of health and died in 1847. She was buried in the Liverpool Necropolis, a cemetery built on the outskirts of the expanding and overcrowded city. <mask> remarried in 1849 to Sophia Hitchcock and when she died in 1870 she was also buried in the Necropolis. <mask> married for a third time at the age of 70 to his children’s former governess. However, she would have known that he still deeply loved his first wife Elizabeth as he chose to be buried with her, and when he died in 1876 his wish was granted. By 1890, the sheer number of burials in the Necropolis had created unsanitary conditions in the surrounding area.The council took control of the site and over a period of several years turned it into a park. The bodies of those buried there were not exhumed but the gravestones and memorials were removed. It was at this time that <mask>’s son from his second marriage – William Dodge <mask> - arranged for the gravestones to be transferred to the church (St Andrew's) just behind his house in West Dean, where they remain today. At the foot of <mask> and Elizabeth's stone is that of <mask>'s second wife Sofia, and daughter from his first marriage - Elizabeth Eccleston <mask>. See also

Ansonia, Connecticut
Ansonia Clock Company
Ansonia Brass & Battery Company
Copper Queen Mine
Morenci, Arizona
El Paso and Southwestern Railroad
James Douglas
Joint Land and Lumber Company
Lackawanna Coal & Iron Co

References

Sources

External links
Phelps, Dodge & Co. History

1801 births
1876 deaths
19th-century American merchants
Businesspeople from Connecticut
Phelps

masks:
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel James
Daniel
Daniel
Daniel
James
Daniel
Daniel
James


title: Valentin Kataev

texts:
<mask>v (; also spelled Katayev or Kataiev;  – 12 April 1986) was a Russian and Soviet novelist and playwright who managed to create penetrating works discussing post-revolutionary social conditions without running afoul of the demands of official Soviet style. Kataev is credited with suggesting the idea for The Twelve Chairs to his brother Yevgeni Petrov and Ilya Ilf. In return, Kataev insisted that the novel be dedicated to him, in all editions and translations. Kataev's relentless imagination, sensitivity, and originality made him one of the most distinguished Soviet writers. Life and works
Kataev was born in Odessa (then Russian Empire, now Ukraine) into the family of Pyotr Vasilievich Kataev, a Court councillor and a teacher at the Odessa Female seminary, and Eugenia Ivanovna Bachei who belonged to a noble family of the Poltava Governorate. Thus it's no coincidence that the main character in Kataev's semi-autobiographical novel A White Sail Gleams is named Pyotr Bachei. His father came from a long line of Russian clergy originally from Vyatka where <mask>'s grandfather served as a protoiereus.His maternal grandfather was a major general in the Imperial Russian Army. Despite the obvious class conflict, Kataev never tried to hide his origins during the Soviet period. He began writing while he was still in gimnaziya (high school). He was then a sympathizer of the Union of the Russian People and wrote nationalistic and anti-Semitic poetry (ironically, later in his life he married a Jewish

masks:
Valentin Petrovich Katae
Valentin


title: Edgar Middleton

texts:
<mask> (26 November 1894 – 10 April 1939) was a British playwright and author. Biography
He was educated at Bancroft's School, Woodford, Essex, then worked for the Eastern Telegraph Company in Cape Town as a cable operator. Military service
When war broke out in 1914 he resigned his post and returned to UK, taking up a commission in the 12th Essex Regiment as temporary Second Lieutenant on 11 November 1914. He relinquished his commission on 5 May 1915 to transfer into the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS), where he was given a probationary commission as Flight Sub-Lieutenant. He trained and qualified in ballooning at Roehampton and observed the second bombardment of Ypres from an observation balloon. However, he became ill when in Dunkirk and suffered a "serious mental breakdown". He received a letter from the Admiralty, dated 15 December 1915, stating that he had been found unsuitable for the Air Service and terminating his appointment.Journalist
He then tried to get work as a journalist and wrote articles for the Daily Mail under the name "Air Pilot", and it was in this capacity that an unfortunate incident occurred which led to him being arrested and tried under the Defence of the Realm Act. On 12 April 1916, <mask> visited Dover and met up with former colleagues in the RNAS, telling them, "I have come to Dover to do a bit of spying for Pemberton Billing". He asked whether officers still lived about two miles from the aerodrome and had to travel there each meal time. He was arrested and appeared at Dover magistrates court on 20 April where, despite pleading not guilty, he was committed for trial at Kent Assizes, charged with "unlawfully attempting to elicit information with respect to the

masks:
Edgar Charles William Middleton
Middleton


title: Edgar Middleton

texts:
 movements or disposition of His Majesty's forces (to wit, the Royal Naval Air Service) such as might be of value to the enemy." He was released on bail. At his trial in Maidstone on 22 June he pleaded guilty, and the Lord Chief Justice dealt leniently with him on the basis that he was trying to work for the improvement of the Air Service, and he had no evil motive and was loyal to his country. He was bound over in the sum of £25.<mask> continued as a journalist, but also turned his hand to writing books, drawing upon his experiences in the Air Service to produce Aircraft (1916), The Way of the Air: A Description of Modern Aviation (1917), Glorious exploits of the air (1917), Airfare of to-day and of the future (1918), Tails Up (1918), and The Kingdom of the Air (1919), culminating in The Great War in the Air, a history of the air in the war in four volumes with an introduction by Lord Montagu of Beaulieu which was released in 1920. Marriage
In 1920 he married Yevonde Philone Cumbers (1893–1975), who in 1914 had set up her own studio as Madame Yevonde – Portrait Photographer. During their courtship she offered to relinquish her career for him, but he considered that would be a mistake, to her relief. She was upset on their honeymoon when he told her that he could not bear the thought of children, since she regarded marriage as pointless without children. Nevertheless, she concentrated her efforts instead on her career and went on to become a remarkable pioneer in colour photography in the 1930s. <mask>'s journalistic career continued, with appointments including aeronautical editor of the London Daily Mail, London Correspondent for the New York Sun and correspondent for the Calgary Herald in

masks: Middleton Middleton


title: Edgar Middleton

texts:
 their new London office. He also contributed to the Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Evening Standard, Evening News, Sunday Times, Sunday Express, Sunday Dispatch, Sunday Pictorial, Woman's Journal, Woman's Pictorial and other publications.In 1921, he and his wife were two of the 43 Foundation Members who attended the inauguration of PEN International, an organisation which celebrates literature and promotes freedom of expression and which now has over 20,000 members in more than 100 countries. Playwright
<mask> is, however, primarily famed for his writing for the stage, particularly his first play, the comedy Potiphar's Wife, which was first staged in London in 1927 and was described by the Evening Standard as the "Play that shocks London". Performances followed as far afield as Paris, and New York and <mask> is reputed to have made eighty thousand pounds from the play. The plot is derived from the Biblical story in Genesis 39 in which Joseph rejects attempts by his master's wife to seduce him, and she retaliates by accusing him of attempted rape. However, unlike the original, <mask>'s play ends in court with the exoneration of the virtuous chauffeur and with Lady Aylesbrough exposed as a shameful perjurer. The play opened at the Globe Theatre in London in August 1927 with Jeanne de Casalis as Lady Aylesbrough and Paul Cavanagh as the accused chauffeur, and one scene caused something of a stir when she appeared on stage in pyjamas. The play was also staged at the Savoy Theatre.The novel of the play was published the following year, advertised as "The best novel on the market. The story of the Play that shocked the critics". In 1928 <mask> followed this with a "melodramatic satire" called Tin Gods,

masks: Middleton Middleton Middleton Middleton


title: Edgar Middleton

texts:
 produced at the Garrick Theatre in London in February 1928. His next work, Morning, Noon, and Night, a revue, which included additional scenes by Harold Scott and William Pollock, was staged in the Everyman Theatre in May 1929, but only after three sketches from the revue had been censored by the Lord Chamberlain, who refused to license Mussolini's Lunch, Returned With Thanks and Force of Habit for the stage. <mask> responded by publishing them in a book entitled Banned By the Censor: The Eclectic Library, released later in 1929. Parliamentary candidate
In 1929 <mask> took a foray into politics, which he described as a hobby. In the 1929 General Election he stood as candidate for the Liberal party in the Islington East constituency in London and adopted a novel method of canvassing support by using the telephone to contact electors.Both the other candidates got more votes than he did, but his support exceeded that of any previous Liberal candidate in this constituency. The 1930s
In the years that followed, he continued to write, and was also secretary to the Daily Mail Trust. He wrote biographies of the Prince of Wales in 1933, and of Lord Beaverbrook in 1934, and then in 1934 he published his autobiography entitled, I might have been a success. His next major play was England Expects..., featuring the life of Nelson and his romantic relationship with Emma Hamilton. The play was first produced at the Embassy Theatre in April 1936, with Walter Hudd as Nelson and Margaretta Scott as Lady Hamilton. Following this, in 1938 he wrote a "crooked comedy", titled Lady with Designs, written with Frank Gregory., which was staged in the Ambassadors Theatre to unenthusiastic reviews. He was also involved


title: Edgar Middleton

texts:
 with the production of several films (known as "talking pictures") of Potiphar's Wife (1929), Tin Gods (1930), Captivation (1931), and the Official film of the life of The Prince of Wales (1933).He lived at 3, Dr Johnson's Buildings, Inner Temple, London EC4. He died of cancer at the age of 44 in a London nursing home on 10 April 1939 after a short illness. At the time of his death he was collaborating in the production of a film biography of Queen Mary. His wife, who adored him, was devastated by his death. However, in his autobiography <mask> never mentions his marriage, but does include chapters with the titles Women aren't wonderful and Why I hate women. However, despite sometimes being described as a misogynist, in 1935 it was said of him: "Airman, author, journalist, playwright, politician, royal biographer, <mask> has possibly led a more varied career than any other man of his age." List of works

Books
1916:
1917:
1917:
1918:
1918:
1919:
1920:
1928:
1928:
1929:
1933:
1934:
1934:

Plays
1926: One-act sketches: Habit, The Night Out
1927: Potiphar's Wife
1928: Tin Gods
1929: Morning, Noon and Night (revue)
1936: England Expects—?1938: Lady with Designs (with Frank Gregory)

Films
1929: Potiphar's Wife
1930: Tin Gods
1931: Captivation
1933: Official film of the life of The Prince of Wales

References

English military writers
English reporters and correspondents
Royal Naval Air Service personnel of World War I
1894 births
1939 deaths
English male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century English dramatists and playwrights
20th-century English male writers
English male non-fiction writers
People educated at Bancroft's School
British Army personnel of World War I
Essex

masks:
Middleton
Edgar Middleton


title: Michael of Trebizond

texts:
<mask> (Greek: Μιχαήλ Μέγας Κομνηνός, Mikhaēl Megas Komnēnos; c. 1288 – after 1355) was Emperor of Trebizond from May 3, 1344 to December 13, 1349. He was a younger son of Emperor John II of Trebizond and Eudokia Palaiologina. Early life
Based on Nikephoros Gregoras' statement that <mask> was 56 in 1344, one can deduce he was born around 1288. <mask> was brought to Constantinople c. 1297 by his mother Eudokia, following the death of Emperor John II and his brother Alexios' ascension to the throne. A few years later Eudokia returned to Trebizond, presumably leaving <mask> behind in Constantinople. His life is a blank for the next decades. <mask> was presumably left in the care of his uncle the Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos, whose attempts to dictate whom his brother and their mother would marry were thwarted; it is unclear what effect these failures had on <mask>.It is certain that <mask> was not confined to a monastery, for he married the daughter of the nobleman Constantine Acropolites, Acropolitissa, by whom he had a son, John III. Then followed a period of civil war between Andronikos II and his grandson Andronikos III Palaiologos, by which time <mask> was of middle age; which side in the war he supported, or if he even took a side in this conflict, is again unknown. Lastly, a number of his brother's family – first Alexios' son Basil, then Basil's two sons – came to Constantinople as refugees from the conflict in Trebizond. It is unknown what contact <mask> had with them, if he provided them succor, or if he was even aware they were in the city. It is in 1341 that <mask>'s history is once

masks:
Michael Megas Komos
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael
Michael


title: Michael of Trebizond

texts:
 again known. In that year a group of representatives of the Scholarioi faction, led by Niketas Scholares and Gregory Meitzomates, arrived from Trebizond and convinced the regents of the young Emperor John V Palaiologos to allow <mask> to return. Once there he would marry the deposed Empress Irene Palaiologina and assume the imperial throne.When <mask>'s three ships reached Trebizond on July 30, 1341, he found Irene had been deposed and his own niece, Anna Anachoutlou, ruling as empress. As the legitimate male descendant of the ruling family, <mask> received the support of much of the populace and was acclaimed emperor. Some of the nobility, led by the Metropolitan Akakios, received him as their lord and escorted him into the palace. As soon as night fell, however, the nobles imprisoned <mask>, not wishing to be ruled by a mature and forceful monarch. Anna's Lazic troops dispersed <mask>'s supporters and plundered his ships. The following day he was sent off to Oinaion and then Limnia, where he was held captive by the megas doux John the Eunuch. When <mask>'s own son, John III, became emperor in September 1342, <mask> remained in prison.John's incompetent rule alienated his chief supporters, chief of these was Niketas who marched with the army to Limnia (where John the Eunuch had recently been slain), freed <mask> and returned with him to Trebizond. John III was deposed and sent to the monastery of St Sabas under a Byzantine guard, while the nobles supporting him were killed. <mask> was crowned on May 3, 1344. Reign
<mask> granted Niketas the title of megas doux and was forced to sign the

masks: Michael Michael Michael Michael Michael Michael Michael Michael Michael Michael


title: Michael of Trebizond

texts: document which gave Niketas and his ministers almost all power in the Empire, promising to seek their counsel in all official actions. This constitutional experiment was short-lived, because the greatest opposition came from the people of Trebizond. They were infuriated to see the Emperor stripped of his effective authority and rose up in revolt against the oligarchy of the Scholarioi. <mask> swiftly took advantage of the opportunity, and arrested and imprisoned Niketas in 1345.Also, he sent his son John off to Constantinople and then Adrianople where he was to be kept prisoner to prevent him from becoming a further focus for the discontented nobles of Trebizond. Taking advantage of the instability in Trebizond, the Turkmen attacked the Empire in 1346, capturing the towns of Hagios Andreas and Oinaion. In September 1347, the Black Death struck Trebizond, raging for seven months. Its effects on the city is unclear: Andrew Libadenos, who was at Trebizond at the time, makes no mention of the epidemic, while <mask> describes how the Black Death carried off "many: children, husbands, wives, brothers, sisters, mothers, and kinsmen." Another Turkmen invasion the following year led to a three-day battle. Despite the victory, <mask>'s reputation as ruler was not strengthened. In 1348, the Genoese seized Kerasous, the second most important city of the Empire in revenge for a massacre of Genoese by the Trapezuntines some years earlier.In May 1349, a Genoese expedition from Caffa was launched against Trebizond. The small Trapezuntine fleet under Megas doux John Kabazites was destroyed and the people of

masks:
Michael
Michael Panaretos
Michael


title: Michael of Trebizond

texts:
 Trebizond responded to this defeat by killing any Westerner they found in the capital. Eventually, peace was reached with the Genoese, but in exchange for Kerasous they were given the fortress of Leonkastron. From now on Trebizond's commercial capacity was lessened even further, as the Genoese came to increasingly command the lucrative Black Sea trade of the port. At that time the ailing <mask> was both discredited and completely unable to govern the crumbling Empire. He was deposed on December 13, 1349 by Megas doux Niketas, whom he had been forced to release from prison. Niketas and his supporters placed on the throne his nephew John, the son of Emperor Basil, who had been sent by the Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos to Trebizond, and arrived on December 22.Upon assuming the crown, John took the name Alexios III. The deposed Emperor <mask> was forced to become a monk at the cave monastery of St Sabas. In 1351, he was sent to Constantinople. <mask> was released by Emperor John V Palaiologos in 1355; despite being in his sixties, he set forth Trebizond, hoping to recover his throne. <mask> advanced as far as Sumela Monastery, but was prevented from entering his former capital. He returned to Constantinople, where he died. Acropolitissa
<mask> is known to have married the daughter of the Byzantine megas logothetes Constantine Acropolites, and Maria Komnene Tornikina, but the name of their daughter has not been recovered.For convenience, scholars have given her the name Acropolitissa, the feminine form of "Acropolites". Little is known about her; Constantine Acropolites provides most of

masks: Michael Michael Michael Michael Michael


title: Michael of Trebizond

texts:
 what we directly know about her. The Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos attempted to marry <mask>' older brother, Alexios to the daughter of one of his ministers, only to be foiled when Alexios married a princess of Georgia without telling his uncle. Nicol observes that "it would be quite in keeping with the elaborate dynastic and marital schemes of Andronikos II that, having failed to marry off the daughter of one of his ministers to the Emperor of Trebizond, he should encourage or arrange the marriage of the daughter of his Grand Logothete to that Emperor's brother." She was most likely dead by 1341, for that year <mask> Komnenos was invited to return to Trebizond and marry the reigning Empress, Irene Palaiologina, widow of his nephew Basil of Trebizond. Other possible descendants
The "Georgian Chronicle" of the 18th century reports George V of Georgia marrying a daughter of "the Greek Emperor, Lord <mask>". However the reigning dynasty of the Byzantine Empire in the 14th century were the Palaiologoi, not the Komnenoi.The marriage of a daughter of <mask> Palaiologos and his wife Rita of Armenia to a Georgian ruler is not recorded in Byzantine sources. Neither is the existence of any illegitimate daughters of <mask>. Whether this was a daughter of <mask> of Trebizond and Acropolitissa is unknown. References

External links
Vougiouklaki Penelope, "<mask> Komnenos", Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World: Asia Minor
Entry of her father in "Porphyrogenita"

1280s births
1350s deaths
14th-century emperors of Trebizond
Grand Komnenos dynasty
Year of death missing
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Byzantine

masks:
Michael Konenos
Michael Megas
Michael Komos
Michael IX
Michael IX
Michael Komnenos
Michael Grand


title: Fydell Edmund Garrett

texts:
<mask> (1865–1907), also known as <mask>, was a British publicist, journalist and poet. He was returned as a Member of the Parliament of the Cape of Good Hope in 1898 for Victoria East constituency. Biography
<mask> was born on 20 July 1865, was fourth son of <mask>, rector of Elton, Derbyshire, and his wife, Mary, daughter of Godfrey Gray. He was educated at Rossall School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in the summer term of 1887 with a third class in Classics. At the university he was more distinguished at the Union Debating Society, of which he was president in 1887, than in the schools. But though not taking a high degree, he gave in other ways early evidence of exceptional literary ability.Some of his translations from the classical poets, as well as his original pieces, contained in a small volume of undergraduate verse, Rhymes and Renderings, published at Cambridge in 1887, are remarkable not only for their grace and ease of expression but for a real poetic feeling. On leaving the university <mask> joined the staff of the Pall Mall Gazette, and rapidly made his mark as a journalist by the force of his convictions — he was at this time a radical — the freshness of his style, and a happy gift of humour. But he had always been delicate, and after two years of work in London his health broke down. The first symptoms of tuberculosis became apparent, and he was sent for cure to South Africa. This led to a temporary remission, and his visit to South Africa in the winter of 1889-90 led to other consequences most important to his career. South Africa was at that time entering the critical period of her history which terminated in the war of 1899-1902. <mask>, an young man of exceptional intelligence, not lacking in audacity, and of most winning manners and appearance, was quick to seize the salient

masks:
Fydell Edmund Garrett
Edmund Garrett
Garrett
John Fisher Garrett
Garrett
Garrett


title: Fydell Edmund Garrett

texts: points in an interesting situation and to make the acquaintance of the leading actors in the drama.He won the confidence of Sir Hercules Robinson, then high commissioner for South Africa, and made great friends with Cecil Rhodes, besides establishing more or less intimate relations with the leading politicians of Dutch and German origins respectively, Jan Hofmeyr and President Paul Kruger. The result was a series of articles in the Pall Mall Gazette, subsequently published as a book, In Afrikanderland and the Land of Ophir (1891, 2 edits. ), which in 1912 was still the best description of South Africa in that momentous phase of its development. The next four years were again devoted, as far as recurrent attacks of ill-health permitted, to journalistic work in London, first for the Pall Mall Gazette, then, from 1893, for the Westminster Gazette, in the opening years of its career, in either case under the editorship of <mask>'s friend, (Sir) Edward Cook. In 1894 he also produced a translation of Henrik Ibsen's Brand into English verse in the original metres, which, if not perfect as a translation, for <mask> was not a great Norwegian scholar, is singularly successful in reproducing the spirit and poetry of the original. In April 1895 <mask> returned to South Africa to become editor of the Cape Times, the leading English newspaper in the sub-continent, and far the most important work of <mask>'s life was done during his four and a half years' active tenure of that office (April 1895 – August 1899). He was not only editor of the paper but the principal writer in it, and being a man of strong character and convictions, gifted moreover with extraordinary quickness of political insight, he on more than one occasion exercised by his trenchant pen a decisive influence on the course of affairs.In the rapid series of stirring events

masks: Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett


title: Fydell Edmund Garrett

texts: of these four years, the raid, the abortive rebellion in Johannesburg, the struggle between Rhodes and the Bond at the Cape, and between Kruger and the Uitlanders in the Transvaal, the Bloemfontein conference, and the growing tension between Great Britain and the South African Republic (the government of the Transvaal), <mask> played a leading part. His position in South African politics became one of such importance that he was practically compelled to add to his arduous duties as editor of the Cape Times those of a member of parliament. Returned at the Cape general election of 1898 as member for Victoria East, he immediately took a foremost place in the Cape Legislative Assembly, and in the two heated sessions preceding the war he was perhaps the most eloquent, and he was certainly the most persuasive, speaker on the "progressive" (i.e. British) side, for, while warmly supporting Rhodes and the policy of Lord (then Sir Alfred) Alfred Milner, he showed great tact in dealing with the susceptibilities of his Afrikaner opponents. Indeed, the policy which he always advocated, that of a United South Africa, absolutely autonomous in its own affairs, but remaining part of the British Empire, is now an established fact, readily accepted by men of all parties. <mask>'s important contribution to that result constitutes his chief title to remembrance. But the enormous physical strain was too much for his frail constitution.In the summer of 1899 his health broke down permanently. Obliged to leave South Africa, in an advanced stage of tuberculosis, just before the outbreak of the Second Boer War, he spent the next two or three years in sanatoria, first on the European continent and then in England, still hoping against hope that he might be able to return to an active political career. He had already in January 1900 resigned the

masks: Garrett Garrett


title: Fydell Edmund Garrett

texts:
 editorship of the Cape Times, and in 1902 he also gave up his seat in the house of assembly. He still from time to time, when his health permitted the exertion, wrote short articles and poems of exceptional merit, which are of permanent value. In March 1903 <mask> married Ellen Marriage; they had met as a fellow patients at the East Anglian Sanatorium in Wiston, Essex. Miss Marriage had fully recovered from her neurasthenia, and it was thanks to her care and devotion that <mask>'s life was prolonged for another four years — years of great happiness, despite his complete physical prostration. In June 1904 the <mask>s moved to a cottage, Wiverton Acre, near Plympton, Devon.<mask> died there on 10 May 1907, and was buried in the churchyard at Brixton, Devon. To the last he occasionally wrote, chiefly on South Africa. Within a month of his death he contributed to the Standard (12 April) an article on "The Boer in the Saddle", which showed no loss of his old brilliancy and force, although the effort involved in writing it was nearly fatal. Criticism of theosophy
From 29 October to 8 November 1894 The Westminster Gazette published a series of articles by <mask> entitled Isis Very Much Unveiled, Being the Story of the Great Mahatma Hoax. They were collected into a booklet which caused much controversy. <mask> exposed the fraud of the Mahatma Letters and quarrels in the Theosophical Society after the death of Helena Blavatsky. For the expose, <mask> had received Theosophical documents from Walter Gorn Old.Works
<mask> wrote short articles and poems of exceptional merit, which are of permanent value. notably his brilliant Character Sketch of Cecil Rhodes, published directly after Rhodes's death in the Contemporary Review of June 1902, which is by far the most lifelike and best balanced picture of that great personality that had

masks: Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett Garrett


title: Fydell Edmund Garrett

texts:
 been written by 1912. Of much interest likewise are some of his memorial verses:
The Last Trek, written on the occasion of President Kruger's funeral progress from Cape Town to Pretoria (Spectator, 10 December 1904)

In Memoriam F. W. R. (Frank Rhodes), (Westminster Gazette, 27 October 1905)
A Millionaire's Epitaph (Alfred Beit), (Westminster Gazette, 20 July 1906)

<mask> wrote an epitaph inspired by the famous epitaph of Simonides at Thermopylae:

A similar epithet is to be found engraved on all the obelisks which at Elandslaagte and on many another battlefield surmount the graves of officers and troopers in the Imperial Light Horse who fell during the Second Boer War (1899–1902). In the immediate decades after the Boer War it was well known, and some First World War memorials, such as the Southport War Memorial carry similar epitaphs. <mask> was very pleased when his longer epitaph, for Boers and Britons buried side by side, was quoted by G. P. Wessels in a reconciliation speech. Besides the works already mentioned <mask> published:
 The Story of an African Crisis (1897)
 Isis Very Much Unveiled: Being the Story of the Great Mahatma Hoax (1894)
 A chapter, "Rhodes and Milner", to The Empire and the Century (1905)

The Garrett Colonial Library, which was founded by colonial admirers in his memory, was opened at the Cambridge Union Society on 23 May 1911. A pencil portrait by Sir Edward Poynter was in 1912 in the possession of his widow.Notes

References

Attribution
 Endnotes
An excellent Life by Sir Edward Cook (1909) contains many extracts from his letters, a good photographic portrait, and, in the Appendix, some of his best fugitive pieces in prose and verse. Further reading

1865 births
1907 deaths
Critics of Theosophy
British sceptics
South African newspaper editors
Members of the House of Assembly of the

masks: Garrett Garrett Garrett


title: Timana Tahu

texts:
<mask> (born 16 October 1980) is an Australian former professional rugby league and rugby union footballer. He last played for Denver Stampede in the US PRO Rugby competition. A dual-code international representative three-quarter back for Australia's Kangaroos and then the Wallabies, he could also play  and played for New South Wales in State of Origin. <mask> started his career in the National Rugby League for the Newcastle Knights, with whom he won the 2001 NRL Premiership before moving to the Parramatta Eels. He then played for the New South Wales Waratahs in the Super Rugby competition. <mask> returned to the NRL with the Eels and then the Penrith Panthers before finishing his NRL career where it started with the Newcastle Knights. Background
<mask> was born in Melbourne of a New Zealand Māori father and an Australian Aboriginal mother, as a result he was eligible for both the New Zealand Kiwis and Australian Kangaroos.He grew up in St Kilda before moving with his mother to Bourke in western New South Wales at the age of 12. From there he went on to live in towns including Wilcannia, Grafton and Byron Bay. <mask> and his partner Kasey have three children. They met while young; their oldest child was born when he was 18. Rugby league career

Newcastle Knights (1999–2004)

<mask> made his first grade debut in Round 12 1999 against South Sydney at the Sydney Football Stadium. In the 2000 season, <mask> scored 20 tries in 26 games as Newcastle reached the preliminary final against the Sydney Roosters. <mask> scored a try during the match which Newcastle lost 26-20.<mask> played in the Knights 2001 premiership side, scoring a try that cemented the victory as Newcastle defeated Parramatta 30-24. The grand final victory has been described as one of the greatest grand final upsets as Parramatta went into the game as raging hot favourites and had only lost 4 games all season. <mask> scored 82 tries in 97 games during his first spell with the club. Parramatta Eels (2005-07)

In

masks:
Timana James Aporo Tahu
Tahu
Tahu
Tahu
Tahu
Tahu
Tahu
Tahu
Tahu
Tahu