title: Simon McTavish (fur trader)

texts:
 Britain, <mask>sh had befriended the chief of Clan MacTavish, and on the chief's death, <mask> brought one of the sons into the North West Company. In 1799, McTavish did something that gave him great personal satisfaction: the acquisition of the Dunardary estate in North Knapdale, Argyll, which had been the ancestral home for the heads of the McTavish (MacTavish) clan for several hundred years.Although <mask>'s own family had been closely associated with clan Fraser, it is believed that his ancestors were a branch of the McTavish clan of Dunardary, who had settled in Stratherrick some generations before. As an astute businessman with great vision, McTavish recognized the need for industrialization of Montreal and that need presented opportunities to make more money. In 1802 he purchased the seigneury of Terrebonne where he built two modern flour-mills and a bakery and established a sawmill, encouraging other entrepreneurs to begin the manufacturing of wooden barrels. Dunardry and the Chiefs of Clan MacTavish

In 1782, <mask>'s father's friend and the guardian of <mask>'s two elder brothers, Dugald MacTavish, former Lieutenant in the 3rd Foot Guards and the 18th Laird of Dunardry, died. In 1785, Dugald's son and heir, Lachlan, was forced to sell the Dunardry estate, which had for many centuries been the ancestral home of the Chiefs of Clan MacTavish. As mentioned, Lachlan had grown up with <mask>'s brothers and he and <mask> had become good friends over the course of <mask>'s many trips to Britain. Since the sale of Dunardry, <mask> had pledged to his friend that he would assist him in buying back the estate, as soon as he "could with conveniency spare the money".Two years after <mask> learnt of the death in 1796 of his "poor old friend Dunardry" (Lachlan),

masks:
Simon McTavi
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon


title: Simon McTavish (fur trader)

type: original

texts:
 he lived up to his word and paid £6,000 to restore his clan's honour and bring Dunardry back to the rightful Chiefs. Though in name <mask> had become 'of Dunardry', there was no personal gain attached to this for <mask> and he viewed the purchase as an "hobby-horse". Unfortunately, <mask>'s magnanimous gesture by the purchase of Dunardry became something of a burden to Lachlan's son as his own sons showed no interest in the running of the estate. They continued to acknowledge how very grateful they were to <mask>, but as the property had ceased to be profitable, they were not eager to take ownership of the estate. As such, <mask>'s sons, who both died young, had been styled 'of Dunardry', even though they too had no interest in the estate and never lived there. <mask>'s friend, Lachlan MacTavish, had been succeeded as Chief by his son Dugald MacTavish (1782-1855), of Kilchrist Castle; Sheriff of Campbelltown. <mask>'s sons were well-known to him and waiving the customary cost, <mask> took Dugald's second son (John George MacTavish) into the North West Company, where he became a member of the Beaver Club.When the NWC later merged with the Hudson's Bay Company, John continued to work for them and was considered one of their top traders. John later changed the spelling of his name to 'McTavish' in order to match that of his benefactor's, <mask>'s. John's elder brother, William MacTavish, 21st Chief of the Clan, also entered the fur-trade, working for the HBC and becoming Governor of Rupert's Land and Assiniboia. The Chiefs of Clan MacTavish remained in Canada, and the present 27th Chief was born at Montreal in 1951. Family and Monument

In October, 1793, <mask> married Marie-Marguerite Chaboillez (b.1775), daughter of Charles Chaboillez, a founding member of

masks:
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon McTsh


title: Simon McTavish (fur trader)

texts:
 the Beaver Club. Directly after the marriage, they moved to London, where McTavish hoped to live permanently, but his new wife became depressed there and they returned to Montreal in the spring of 1795. The McTavishes had six children, four of whom lived to adulthood, but only one married.A monument stands to their four surviving children at Chiswick Parish Church:

<mask> (1796-1819). In 1817, at Marylebone Church, she married Major Charles Pasley (1781-1821), of Gloucester Place, Portman Square, London; nephew of Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley. His first cousin, Sir John Malcolm, had previously appointed him Chargé d'affaires to Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar of Persia on the part of the Supreme Court of India. Mary was given away by her guardian and first cousin, <mask>. She died at Sidmouth, Devon. <mask> (1797-1818). On his father's death he inherited £20,000 and the disposition of 'MacTavish of Dunardry' while the estate  was still between his own family and that of the Chiefs MacTavish.He died unmarried at Stroud-on-the-Green, near Kew, the home of his mother and stepfather, Major Plenderleath. William was described as 'of Dunardry' in his death notice. <mask> (1800-1819), died unmarried at Bridport, Dorset. <mask> (1803-1828). He inherited the rights to Dunardry from his brother but like the MacTavishes was uninterested in any claim. He died unmarried at his mother and step-father's home near Ramsgate, Kent. <mask> died in Montreal in 1804, leaving an estate of £125,000.In his will he bequeathed funds to a number of friends and relatives as well as the Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal and the Grey Nuns' Hôpital général. McTavish Street, bordering the westerly side of McGill University was named in his honor, as was McTavish reservoir, just north of the university.

masks:
Mary McTavish
Simon McGillivray
William McTavish
Ann McTavish
Simon McTavish
Simon McTavish


title: Simon McTavish (fur trader)

texts:
 His McGillivray nephews organised his funeral, settled his will and built a memorial for him within the grounds of his house on the slopes of Mount Royal. They built a twenty-foot column enclosed by a walled mausoleum, that once occupied a prominent place in Montreal's iconography. In 1942, rather than repair the monument that had greatly suffered the effects of time due to a lack of maintenance, it was replaced it with a 5-foot granite block. By McTavish's will, he instructed that all of his children were to be taken to England for their education, and Mrs McTavish accompanied them in 1806. At London, in 1808, she took for her second husband Major William Smith Plenderleath (1780-1845), the recognized illegitimate son and eventual heir of General Gabriel Christie, by his mistress Rachel Plenderleath.<mask> was related to many of the most important persons in the Canadian fur trade: William McGillivray, <mask> and Duncan McGillivray were his nephews; <mask>, John Fraser (his London agent) and Donald McTavish were his cousins; Angus Shaw and John MacDonald of Garth were his nephews-in-law. Through his wife, MacDonald was the brother-in-law of David Thompson. Sir Alexander Mackenzie was the cousin of Roderick Mackenzie of Terrebonne, brother-in-law of McTavish's wife. References

External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

 <mask> Papers at Rare Books and Special Collections, McGill University. 1750s births
1804 deaths
Canadian philanthropists
Canadian fur traders
North West Company people
People from Inverness
Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople
Pre-Confederation Quebec people
Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Quebec
Anglophone Quebec people
Explorers of North America
Explorers of the United States
18th-century

masks:
Simon McTavish
Simon McGillivray
Simon Fraser
Simon McTavish


title: Cora Hubbard

texts:
<mask> (February 1877 –  19??) was a 19th-century outlaw who participated in the August 17, 1897 robbing of the McDonald County Bank in Pineville, Missouri. <mask>, who was compared at the time to the more prolific female outlaw Belle Starr, was one of only a handful of women who actively participated in the actual bank robbery process during that era. Background
Though <mask> claimed to be 28 at the time of the robbery, which would have put her birth in 1870, the 1880 U.S. Census listed her age as three, which would have meant she was born in 1877. In addition, the 1885 Kansas state census puts her birth year at about 1876 and the 1900 federal census, where she is listed as an inmate at a prison in Cole County, Missouri, lists her birth as being in February 1877. <mask> was born in Ohio to Union Army veteran Samuel C. and <mask>. She was the sixth of their seven children and their third and final daughter.In the 1880 census, Samuel (1841–1919) is listed as a cross tie maker and the family is listed as living in the Cedar township of Callaway County, Missouri. Between 1880 and 1885, <mask> died and the family moved from Missouri to Kansas, living in the Spring Hill Township of Johnson County and later Weir City. By August 17, 1897, <mask> had married and divorced one husband, James Russell, and had married her second husband, "Bud" Parker, just a month and a half earlier. At the time of her crime she was living on Parker's farm in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) not far from the Kansas state line. Plan
The plans for the robbery started on Bud Parker's farm near Nowata, Oklahoma, where he had recently brought his new bride, <mask>. <mask>'s brothers Al and William “Bill<mask> were living in the same area around this time and John Sheets, a 23-year-old from Missouri, was working on the Parker farm as a hired hand. It is likely the arrival of 31-year-old Albert Whitfield “Whit” Tennison, who drifted into the area that August, was the genesis for the bank robbery plan.Tennison claimed he

masks:
Cora Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Elizabeth Hubbard
Elizabeth Hubbard
Cora
Cora
Cora
” Hubbard


title: Cora Hubbard

texts:
 had previous experience in bank robbing and soon had the group rallied around his idea. The McDonald County Bank was chosen because <mask> had previously lived in Pineville and knew its layout. <mask> drew up the map and Bud Parker, Sheets, Tennison and <mask> were designated to execute the plan. But, when the time came for it to be put into action, both Parker and <mask> backed out. <mask> then left with Sheets and Tennison and reportedly told her husband that she would not live with a “damn coward.”

On their way to Pineville, the three would-be bank robbers stopped in Coffeyville, Kansas so Sheets could buy a Winchester rifle  and ammunition. They then headed to <mask>'s father's home in Weir City. <mask> reported that when his daughter arrived she had her hair cut short and was dressed in men's clothing.After spending a couple days in Weir City, the group headed for Pineville, more than 60 miles away. The gang arrived in Pineville on August 16, 1897 and set up camp outside the town. The following morning, Sheets and Tennison went into town and checked out the layout and to make sure there were not any notable complications for their plan. Seeing none, they returned to the camp to get <mask>. Robbery
Sheets, Tennison and <mask> come into Pineville on the morning of August 17, 1897 and stopped about a block from the bank. <mask> was left to hold the gang's horses while Sheets and Tennison headed to the bank to carry out the robbery. Sheets and Tennison snuck around the corner of the bank and drew their weapons on three men sitting in front of the building, A.V.Manning, president of the bank; John W. Shields, Cashier; and Marcus N. LaMance, county treasurer. They reportedly told the three men, "we're here for the money and we want it damn quick." Sheets went into the bank with Manning and Shields, while Tennison stayed outside with LaMance to keep watch. Once inside the bank, Shields countered Sheets' demands and Sheets knocked him to the ground with his rifle. Sheets then ordered

masks:
Bill Hubbard
Bill Hubbard
Al Hubbard
Al Hubbard
Cora
Cora
Sam Hubbard
Cora
Cora
Hubbard


title: Cora Hubbard

texts:
 Manning to hold a sack while Shields filled it with money. Shields filled it with all the coins and currency he could find, a total of $589.23 (the equivalent of $15,700 in 2009 on the Consumer Price Index scale). Once they had the cash, Sheets herded Shields and Manning out of the bank ahead of him.He and Tennison then moved them down the street in front of them in an effort to keep bystanders from shooting. By the time they reached where <mask> was waiting with the horses, Tennison had also taken Manning's $15 silver watch. Escape and capture
From the stable, Sheets, Tennyson and <mask> mounted up and headed to the northeast. A posse quickly formed in Pineville and followed the small gang. Meanwhile, the gang changed direction and headed around Pineville, but someone reported the change in town and it was telegraphed to Noel, Missouri, about five miles southwest of Pineville. That afternoon, a search party from Pineville got in front of fugitives and joined another posse from Noel at the crossing of Butler Creek to lie in ambush. When Tennison, Sheets and <mask> started to ride down a gulch toward the creek, the posse opened fire, wounding both Tennison and Sheets with buckshot, mortally wounding Sheet's horse and shooting <mask>'s revolver out of her hand.The gang returned fire, slightly wounding one deputy. Tennison's horse became frightened in the clash, running away and separating him from <mask> and Sheets. Sheets and <mask> turned their horses around and made their way out of the gulch before Sheets' horse collapsed and died. Tennison's horse was later found grazing not far from the scene, but the robber was not with it. The next day, a report of a man paying for his breakfast the next morning in Indian Territory, about 25 miles from Pineville, and paid for it in pennies, which coincided with the fact that many pennies had been taken in the robbery. A posse headed by Joe Yeargain of Southwest City, Missouri followed that tip and found Tennison wounded in a cabin 20 miles

masks:
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Cora Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard


title: Cora Hubbard

texts: inside Indian Territory, he had a .45 Winchester, .45 revolver and $121.50 from the robbery. He was captured without incident and was taken to Neosho, Missouri, about 30 miles north of Pineville, where he was housed in the Newton County jail.From Tennison, the posse learned that <mask> and Sheets were from Weir City. Yeargain then headed the posse to that Kansas town. <mask> and Sheets had stolen a horse at gunpoint near where the shootout had happened, providing them both with a means to escape. They traveled 70 miles to Parsons, Kansas, from where <mask> took a train back to Weir City on the morning of August 21. Sheets promised to follow in a day or two, and from Weir City the pair planned to escape to Iowa. Shortly after <mask> returned to her father's home in Weir City the posse also arrived. City Marshal Jim Hatton went to her father's house under the ruse of borrowing his tar kettle and discovered <mask> there.As the posse was returning to the home to arrest her, they located <mask> and arrested him for his role in the robbery, which they had been informed of by Tennison. After taking <mask> to the city jail, they returned to the <mask> home, where <mask> answered the door and obediently put up her hands "like a child at play putting up its hands before a toy pistol." A later search of the <mask> home by Marshal Hatton turned up $161 buried in the vegetable garden, $25 in a hill of peppers and the additional $141 in a hill of potatoes. Also on the premises they found the men's clothes worn by <mask> during the holdup. In response to this find, McDonald County Sheriff Richard Jarrett and Shields, the back cashier, went to Weir City on August 26. While they were interrogating <mask>, John Sheets drove up unaware in a buggy and was quickly arrested. In his buggy they found an additional $91 and a .45-caliber six-shooter.Along with Sheets, <mask> was also arrested and taken back to Missouri because of his reluctance to cooperate with officers in their search for the loot.

masks:
Hubbard
Hubbard
Hubbard
Cora Hubbard
Cora
Bill Hubbard
Bill Hubbard
Hubbard
Cora
Hubbard
Cora Hubbard
Sam Hubbard
Sam Hubbard


title: Cora Hubbard

texts:
 Conviction
Sam and <mask> were released at Pineville on August 28, the day of the preliminary hearing for the three bank robbers. <mask>, John Sheets and Whit Tennyson were bound over for trial and returned to the Newton County jail in Neosho. They were convicted of bank robbery in January 1898 and sentenced to the state prison at Jefferson City — <mask> and Sheets for 12 years each and Tennyson for 10. Missouri Governor Alexander Monroe Dockery commuted <mask>'s sentence the day after Christmas in 1904, and she was released on New Year's Day 1905. During her imprisonment, the one-time bank robber had let her hair grow out but had apparently done little else to enhance her feminine allure in the eyes of the reporter who described her at the time of her release as "short in stature with ... black eyes and a greasy dark complexion." Accomplices
Albert Whitfield Tennison was born in either September 1865 or on November 25, 1863 in Illinois.He is listed as married in the 1900 census, when he was in the custody of the Missouri State Penitentiary. In the 1910 census he is married to the former Emma Hogan, but had only been married to her for three years. He died on December 12, 1932 in Hudspeth County, Texas. John Sheets was born in Missouri in December 1876. He lived for a time in Weir City, Kansas before becoming a farm hand for Bud Parker, <mask>'s second husband. In the 1900 census, he is in the custody of the Missouri State Penitentiary and is listed as single. No additional information has been located on him.Bud Parker was a farmer with a farm near what is now Nowata, Oklahoma. Though he was initially part of the plan to rob the McDonald County Bank, he eventually backed out, to the scorn of his new bride. William "Bill<mask> was <mask>'s oldest brother who was born around 1865 in Ohio. He was the oldest child in the family and for a time lived in Pineville, Missouri and drew a plan of the town to aid in the robbery. He was arrested and later released. Albert "Al<mask> was another

masks:
Bill Hubbard
Cora Hubbard
Hubbard
Cora
Cora Hubbard
" Hubbard
Cora
" Hubbard


title: Cora Hubbard

texts:
 of <mask>'s older brothers. He was born around 1871 in Ohio.He was living near the Parker farm when the robbery was planned and was originally planning to take part in the crime, but later backed out. Later life
Little is known about <mask> after her release from prison. She is listed as being divorced in the 1900 census, making it unlikely that she went back to her second husband, Bud Parker, after her release. But a small note in a Jefferson City newspaper did remark on her release in 1904. It said she had been employed as a seamstress during her incarceration and had been a model prisoner. Now proficient at sewing, she planned to seek employment in that line of work. Legacy
As one of only a handful of female bank robbers, <mask>'s legacy has survived, even though her known life of crime only included a single bank robbery.As soon as it was originally reported that one of the members of the gang was a woman, area headlines called her the "Second Belle Starr" and proclaimed "Female Bandit Rivals the Daring Deeds of Belle Starr and Kate Bender." Further enhancing this legacy is the only known photo of <mask>, which shows her dressed in the men's clothing she wore during the robbery and holding her rifle alongside co-conspirators Tennison and Sheets. In addition, <mask> had previously bragged about being a member of the Dalton Gang. Although this would seem unlikely since she would have been only 15 at the time that infamous gang was obliterated, a Colt .45 revolver with the name "Bob Dalton" etched on the handle and seven notches carved near the trigger guard was found in her father's home after her arrest. This seemed to substantiate her claims that she had been with the Dalton Gang in earlier years and that she had Bob Dalton's six-shooter. The notches were presumed to represent the number of men killed with the Colt. References

1877 births
American bank robbers
American outlaws
People from Columbus, Ohio
Outlaws of the American Old West
Year of death missing
People from

masks:
Cora
Cora
Cora Hubbard
Cora
Cora


title: Adam Liszt

texts:
<mask> () (16 December 177628 August 1827) was the father of composer and pianist <mask>. Family background
As the second child of <mask> and Katharina (née Baumann)  he was born in Nemesvölgy (today Edelstal, Austria), a village close to the Austrian border in the Kingdom of Hungary. His family was of Danube Swabian German descent. There are Germanic, Slavic and Magyar claims of the Liszt family. They lived in Márcz, Nagymarton and also Malacka, Kingdom of Hungary (today Marz, Mattersburg in Austria and Malacky in Slovakia). Georg was in service for the Hungarian Nikolaus II, Prince Esterházy and both he and his son, <mask>, were Hungarian citizens. The family lived mostly in the German-speaking parts of Hungary, which is why they had only rudimentary knowledge of Hungarian.Franz tried to learn the common tongue of his kingdom in the 1870s, but in spite of his great language skills he couldn't reach a fluent level. In his youth, <mask> changed his surname "List" to the spelling "Liszt", according to Hungarian pronunciation. In his lifetime, Latin, not Hungarian, was the administrative language of the multi-ethnic Kingdom of Hungary, hence the recorded Latinised name "<mask>us". After the great success of his son Franz, the father Georg also started to use the surname Liszt in the 1820s. Other family members also adapted this form, e.g. <mask>'s brother, Eduard, father of Franz von Liszt. Youth with musical career
As a teenager, Liszt played cello in the House of Eszterházy summer orchestra under the direction of Joseph Haydn.He was also an amateur pianist, and played the organ and violin and sang in a choir. His brother Eduard and one sister Barbara also showed great musical talents, as did their father Georg, who worked as an organist and played the piano and violin, but they had few

masks:
Adamus List
Franz Liszt
Georg Adam List
Adam
Adam
Adam
Adam


title: Adam Liszt

texts:
 resources for musical education other than within the family. After graduating from the Archigymnasium Regium Posoniense (today Gamča, Slovakia), in Pressburg (Pozsony, today's Bratislava), Liszt entered the Franciscan Order, but two years later, by his petition in 1797, was released from the order. He still kept a close relationship with the order, which probably gave him the inspiration to name his son Franz. Adult work life
An attempt by Liszt to continue as a student of philosophy at the University of Pozsony ended in the first year due to financial reasons. He had to look for a job, and in 1798 became a clerk at the Esterházy estate in Fraknóváralja (today Forchtenstein, Austria). After two years, Liszt was transferred to Kapuvár where he was missing the musical atmosphere at Kismarton (today Eisenstadt, Austria).He started to compose music and dedicate it to the Prince in order to be transferred back to the Western part of Sopron County. Only in 1805 did he finally succeed in getting a job at the court in Kismarton. The years in Kismarton were his happy years. In his spare time, he played cello in the orchestra led by Johann Nepomuk Hummel, the successor of Haydn, and had the opportunity to work with many musicians who came to Kismarton to perform, including Cherubini and Beethoven. This happy time ended when <mask> was transferred to the Esterházy estate of Doborján (today Raiding, Austria) in 1809, as an overseer of the herd of about 50,000 sheep (Rentmeister der Fürstlich Esterházyschen Schäferei). Doborján, only 30 miles from Kismarton, was a rather provincial place. Marriage
While visiting his father in Nagymarton (today Mattersburg, Austria) in the summer of 1810, <mask> met Anna Lager who had recently moved from Vienna to Nagymarton.Their marriage took place in the parish of

masks: Liszt Liszt


title: Adam Liszt

texts:
 Lók (today Unterfrauenhaid, Austria) on 11 January 1811. The only child of the couple, <mask>, was born on 22 October 1811. <mask>'s father Georg wrote to prince Esterházy in 1812 that <mask> had 3 more children, but there is no other documentation about this, and it seems unlikely. Raising Franz Liszt
At his house in Doborján, Liszt staged chamber concerts. When Franz was 5 and his musical genius revealed itself, when following his father's musical work, Liszt started to teach him music. When his fame grew, sponsors could finance private education in Vienna for the young Franz. Franz's father stayed close to his son throughout his travels to Vienna and Paris, where they settled in 1823.The purpose was to let Franz study at the famous Conservatoire de Paris, but Cherubini told them that foreigners weren't admitted. (Long after this piece of unintentional satire, Liszt would always scorn the conservatoires and their products). So Liszt continued to teach his son, with a rigid schedule of practising Bach and other composers on the piano, with transposition of fugues and other daily technique improving exercises. After resigning from the Esterhazys' service Liszt spent most of his time as the manager of his son's career, with tours in many European countries. Franz found his father's supervision quite demanding. (He may also have become the main breadwinner through giving lessons and concerts). Liszt was a skilful business manager.It is possible that the father wanted the opportunities for his son that service with the Esterhazys had blocked for him. Liszt secured him lessons with Paer (composition), Salieri (singing) and, mainly, Czerny (piano). Liszt had known Czerny and Beethoven from his own musical days. Through Czerny Liszt secured his son a meeting with Beethoven and Czerny seems to

masks:
Franz Liszt
Liszt
Adam


title: Adam Liszt

texts:
 have persuaded his master to go to a concert where the young man was playing. Franz was devastated by his father's death and withdrew to a monastery for a time. His mother, Anna Lager came to look after him in Paris where she remained until her death in the 1860s. He soon became an established performer and teacher who was able to introduce Chopin to the musical world on his arrival in Paris in 1830.The elder <mask> was the main influence on Franz in his early years, as both teacher and manager. Franz's full musical maturity was reached after his father died, when he heard the works of such composers as Mendelssohn, Schubert and Schumacher. The big influence on his performing style after his father's death came from his meetings with the forty-year-old Paganini. Though he always honoured the memory of <mask>, who had been accused by the French gutter press of exploiting the child prodigy, he never visited his grave at Boulogne-sur-Mer. The last time
Liszt died in 1827 in Boulogne-sur-Mer at the age of 50 when Franz was 15 years old. The two were staying at a retreat centre for Franz to rest after a physician's order; however, the father became fatally ill with typhoid fever, died, and was buried there. Franz composed a funeral piece for his father's funeral service.References

External links
 Complete genealogy of the Liszt family (flawed and plagiarized from the literature): pfarre-paudorf.com
Michael Lorenz: "An Unknown Grandmother of Liszt", Vienna 2012. Notes On the genealogy of Franz Liszt (based on the flawed secondary literature used in Professor Walker's biography of Liszt cited as reference 4 below): part 1 part 2
 Franz Liszt Timeline

People from Neusiedl am See District
1776 births
1827 deaths
Danube-Swabian people
Hungarian musicians
Hungarian people of German

masks:
Liszt
Adam Liszt


title: Fei (singer)

texts:
<mask> (Chinese: 王霏霏; born April 27, 1987),  also known professionally as Fei, is a Chinese singer and actress. She was a member of the South Korean girl group miss A from the group's debut in 2010 until its disbandment in 2017. She debuted as a solo artist in 2016 in Korea with the mini album "Fantasy". After departing Korea in 2018, Fei has since pursued her solo career in China. In the second half of 2021, Fei released her much-anticipated Chinese album "Fearless 不霏" which includes three singles and is produced independently by Wang Feifei Studio with Fei as the Executive Producer. Early life
Fei was born <mask> on April 27, 1987 in Haikou, Hainan, China. She displayed a talent for dancing at an early age and went to study dance at a school in Guangzhou, where JYP Entertainment recruited her in 2007.She later attended Seoul Institute of the Arts, alongside miss A member Jia. Prior to debuting in South Korea, Fei appeared in a dance audition show at Zhejiang TV in 2009 and became a member of the project group, Sisters, the Chinese version of the Wonder Girls. Sisters, however, was soon canceled due to member changes within the company. Career

2010–2017: miss A

In March 2010, Fei, with fellow members Jia and Suzy, formed the group miss A. The trio began promoting in China by releasing the song "Love Again" for Samsung Electronics' Samsung Beat Festival. The group was later joined by a fourth member, Min. The four-member girl group made their debut in South Korea in July 2010, under the management of JYP Entertainment, with the hit single "Bad Girl Good Girl."Over the next several years, the group released a series of successful albums and singles, including "I Don't Need a Man," "Hush," “Touch,” “Only You,” and “Good-bye Baby” etc. In addition to

masks:
Wang Feifei
Wang Feifei


title: Fei (singer)

texts:
 music, <mask> made her acting debut with cameo appearances in the KBS drama Dream High in 2011 and its sequel in 2012. In 2013, she appeared on the South Korean variety shows, MasterChef Korea Celebrity and Dancing with the Stars 3, in which she won second place and first place, respectively. She appeared on the Chinese reality show, If You Love, in 2014. That same year, she made a cameo appearance in the SBS drama Temptation, and contributed the song, "One Summer Night," featuring 2AM member Jo Kwon, to the soundtrack. In 2015, Fei was confirmed to star in the web drama Swan, alongside Nam Gyu-ri and Cho Min Sung. She was also confirmed to star in the Chinese movie, Select Game.. For miss A's mini album 'Colors' (Chinese version), Fei made an attempt to write lyrics for the songs "I Caught Ya" and "Stuck".After the departure of Jia in May 2016 and Min in November 2017, miss A disbanded in December 2017. In 2017, Billboard ranked miss A at number ten on their "Top 10 K-pop Girl Groups of the Past Decade" list. 2016–2017: Solo Career Debut
Fei made her solo singing debut in Korea on July 21, 2016, with the digital single "Fantasy". The title track “괜찮아 괜찮아 Fantasy” was ranked #14 on the 20 best K-pop songs of 2016 by Billboard magazine critics. Other tracks in the album include “Sweet Sexy Fei” and “One More Kiss”. 2018–present: Rising Popularity in China
On September 17, 2018, Fei collaborated with Gen Neo in the single "Will You Won't You". It was the first time Fei was involved in production works as a composer, lyricist, and singer.On December 8, 2018, Fei released another single, “Hello”, which features GOT7’s Jackson Wang. In the following January, <mask> confirmed that she had parted ways with JYP Entertainment in late 2018 after her contract

masks: Fei Fei


title: Fei (singer)

texts: expired. In January 2019, <mask> joined Youku's idol group survival show, All for One, as the dance coach and one of the judges. Her expertise, candidness and strict coaching style generated much buzz on China's social platforms Weibo and Bilibili. In June 2020, Fei joined the female celebrity idol group reality show Sisters Who Make Waves, which was themed around women's empowerment and self-actualization. It featured 30 female celebrities over 30 years old who must compete to debut in a seven-member girl group. The show became the most viewed and talked entertainment show in China in 2020, and Fei was one of the top contenders.Even though in the end, she didn't debut in the project girl group, in Weibo’s 2020 Entertainment White Paper, Fei was ranked no.1 among the 30 celebrity participants in soaring popularity. Following the success, Fei went on to join another popular variety show, I Am The Actor season 3, in December 2020. With the coach of Zhang Ziyi, Fei eventually made it into the final and won the award of "Bright Star". On August 12, 2021, Fei released "Stalker 窥探者", the title track of her much-anticipated Chinese album "Fearless 不霏", which is produced independently by Wang Feifei Studio with Fei as the Executive Producer. "Stalker" is a song that empowers women to fight against manipulation and gaslighting. After its release, the song's MV surpassed 12 million views on Weibo in less than 12 hours, and received many accolades and rave reviews. "Stalker" was ranked no.1 on the weekly Rising Popularity chart (2021.08.09 - 2021.08.15) at QQ Music, China's largest music streaming platform.On October 25, 2021, "Hunting Adonis 狩猎阿多尼斯", the 2nd single of the album, was released. Inspired by Shakespeare's poem portraying the unorthodox love story


title: Evelyn Preer

texts:
<mask> (née Jarvis; July 26, 1896 – November 17, 1932), was a pioneering African-American stage and screen actress and jazz and blues singer of the 1910s through the early 1930s. Preer was known within the black community as "The First Lady of the Screen." She was the first black actress to earn celebrity and popularity. She appeared in ground-breaking films and stage productions, such as the first play by a black playwright to be produced on Broadway, and the first New York-style production with a black cast in California in 1928, in a revival of a play adapted from Somerset Maugham's Rain. Early life
<mask> was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi on July 26, 1896. After her father, Frank, died prematurely, she moved with her mother, Blanche, and her three other siblings to Chicago, Illinois. She completed grammar school and high school in Chicago.Her early experiences in Vaudeville and "street preaching" with her mother are what jump-started her acting career. Career in cinema
At the age of 23, Preer's first film role was in Oscar Micheaux's 1919 debut film The Homesteader, in which she played Orlean. Preer was promoted by Micheaux as his leading actress with a steady tour of personal appearances and a publicity campaign, she was one of the first African American women to become a star to the black community. She also acted in Micheaux's Within Our Gates (1920), in which she plays Sylvia Landry, a teacher who needs to raise money to save her school. She continued her career by starring in 19 films. Micheaux developed many of his subsequent films to showcase Preer's versatility. These included The Brute (1920), The Gunsaulus Mystery (1921), Deceit

masks:
Evelyn Preer
Evelyn Jarvis


title: Evelyn Preer

texts:
 dramatic play by an African-American playwright to be produced on Broadway, and it lasted two weeks. In 1926, Preer appeared on Broadway in David Belasco’s production of Lulu Belle. Preer supported and understudied Lenore Ulric in the leading role of Edward Sheldon's drama of a Harlem prostitute.She garnered acclaim in Sadie Thompson in a West Coast revival of Somerset Maugham’s play about a fallen woman. She rejoined the Lafayette Players for that production in their first show in Los Angeles at the Lincoln Center. Under the leadership of Robert Levy, Preer and her colleagues performed in the first New York-style play featuring black players to be produced in California. That year, she also appeared in Rain, a play adapted from Maugham's short story by the same name. Preer also sang in cabaret and musical theater where she was occasionally backed by such diverse musicians as Duke Ellington and Red Nichols early in their careers. Preer was regarded by many as the greatest actress of her time. Marriage and family
Preer married <mask> on January 16, 1915, in Chicago.She met her second husband, Edward Thompson, when they were both acting with the Lafayette Players in Chicago. They married February 4, 1924, in Williamson County, Tennessee, Tennessee. Some sources indicate Preer was married to Lawrence Chenault. In April 1932, Preer gave birth to her only child, daughter Edeve Thompson. Developing  post-childbirth complications, Preer died of double pneumonia on November 27, 1932, in Los Angeles at the age of 36. Her husband continued as a popular leading man and "heavy" in numerous race films throughout the 1930s and 1940s, and died in 1960. Their


title: Evelyn Preer

texts:
 daughter Edeve Thompson converted to the Catholicism as a teenager.She later entered the Sisters of St. Francis of Oldenburg, Indiana, where she became known as Sister Francesca Thompson, O.S.F., and became an academic, teaching at both Marian University in Indiana and Fordham University in New York City. Filmography

 The Homesteader (1919)
 Within Our Gates (1920)
 The Brute (1920)
 The Gunsaulus Mystery (1921)
 Deceit (1923)
 Birthright (1924)
 The Devil's Disciple (1926)
 The Conjure Woman (1926)
 The Spider's Web (1926)
 The Framing of the Shrew (1928)
 Melancholy Dame (1928)
 Oft in the Silly Night (1928)
 The Lady Fare (1929)
 Brown Gravy (1929)
 The Widow's Bite (1929)
 Georgia Rose (1930)
 The Good Sport (1931) uncredited
 Ladies of the Big House (1931)
 Blonde Venus (1932)

Theater
 Rang Tang (1927)

Further reading
 Bowser, Pearl. Oscar Micheaux, His Silent Films and His Circle: African-American Filmmaking and Race Cinema of the Silent Era, Bloomington, Indiana. : Indiana University Press, 2001, pp. 19–33
 Cripps, Thomas. Slow Fade to Black: The Negro in American Film, 1900-1942, New York, New York: Oxford University Press, 1977, pp. 324–25.References

External links

 <mask>- Our First Lady of the Silver Screen

1896 births
1932 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from Mississippi
African-American actresses
American blues singers
American film actresses
American silent film actresses
American stage actresses
Blackface minstrel performers
Musicians from Vicksburg, Mississippi
Vaudeville performers
Deaths from pneumonia in California
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
20th-century


title: Peng Cheng

texts:
<mask> (;  ; April 23, 1997) is a Chinese pair skater. With current partner Jin Yang, she is a two-time Four Continents medalist (silver in 2020, bronze in 2019), two-time Grand Prix Final silver medalist (2018–19, 2019–20), and the 2017 Asian Winter Games silver medalist. <mask> represented China at the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics. With former partner Zhang Hao, she is the 2015 Four Continents silver medalist and competed at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Career
Early in her career, <mask> competed with Zhang Tianci. Partnership with Zhang Hao

2012–13 season
Her partnership with Zhang Hao was announced in May 2012. The pair made their international debut at the 2012 Cup of China.They placed eleventh at their first World Championships. 2013–14 season
In the 2013–14 season, <mask>/Zhang won their first Grand Prix medals, bronze at the 2013 Cup of China and silver at the 2013 NHK Trophy, and qualified for the Grand Prix Final, where they came in fourth. They were selected for the 2014 Winter Olympics and finished eighth in Sochi. Ending their season, they placed fifth at the 2014 World Championships in Saitama. 2014–15 season
For the 2014–15 Grand Prix season, <mask>/Zhang were assigned to Skate America and Cup of China, where they placed third and first, respectively, qualifying for the 2015 Grand Prix Final. They finished fourth at that competition after placing fifth in the short program and third in the free skate. They won the silver medal at the 2015 Four Continents Figure Skating Championships.At the 2015 World Figure Skating Championships, they earned personal best scores in the free skate and combined total to finish in fourth place overall. 2015–16 season
<mask>/Zhang's final season together began at the 2015 Trophée Éric Bompard, where they placed fourth in the short program, before the remainder of the event was cancelled as a result of the terrorist attacks in Paris. They won the bronze medal at the 2015 Rostelecom Cup, qualifying for the Grand Prix Final, which had been expanded as a result of the Paris

masks:
Peng Cheng
Peng Jin
Peng
Peng
Peng
Peng


title: Peng Cheng

texts:
 incident. They finished sixth there. In their final event together, the 2016 World Championships, they performed poorly, placing twelfth in the short program and ninth in the free skate, for twelfth place overall. Partnership with Jin Yang

2016–17 season
On April 14, 2016, International Figure Skating magazine broke the news of <mask>'s new partnership with Jin Yang. The Chinese Skating Association decided to switch partners between the two pairs of <mask>/Zhang and Yu/Jin.<mask>/Jin debuted on the Grand Prix with two silver medals at the 2016 Cup of China and the 2016 NHK Trophy, earning a place in the Grand Prix Final, where they finished sixth. At the 2017 Chinese Championships, they won their first national title. Competing at the 2017 Four Continents Championships, their first ISU Championship event, they placed fifth. At the 2017 Asian Winter Games, <mask>/Jin won the silver medal behind Yu/Zhang. This concluded their season. 2017–18 season
The two won the 2017 CS Finlandia Trophy, their first international gold medal together. The Grand Prix was a disappointment, with <mask>/Jin finishing fifth at both the 2017 Skate America and 2017 Internationaux de France.At the 2018 Chinese Championships, they finished second behind Yu/Zhang, and were named to China's team for the 2018 Winter Olympics. <mask>/Jin competed in the pairs event in Pyeongchang, finishing seventeenth in the short program and thus missing the free skate by a single ordinal. Their season concluded at the 2018 World Championships, where they finished ninth. 2018–19 season
With both Sui Wenjing / Han Cong and Yu/Zhang sidelined by injury at the beginning of the season, <mask>/Jin were the sole Chinese pair team competing internationally on the senior level. They began with a gold medal at the 2018 CS Asian Open. On the Grand Prix, <mask>/Jin began at the 2018 Skate Canada International, where they won the silver medal, finishing ahead of bronze medalists Kirsten Moore-Towers / Michael Marinaro by 0.15 points. The two struggled on their side-by-side jumps in the free

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Peng Cheng

texts:
 skate, where they finished fourth, an area where Jin said they hoped to improve.At the 2018 NHK Trophy, they won a second silver medal, by a far more decisive margin. They qualified to the Grand Prix Final, with <mask> noting that "we feel like we miss our teammates, but advancing to the Grand Prix Final is something we are proud of." At the Final they placed first in the short program and second in the free skate, winning silver overall. This was the team's first major international medal. At the 2019 Chinese Championships, they won their second national title. At the 2019 Four Continents Championships in Anaheim, they placed third in the short program behind Moore-Towers/Marinaro and a returning Sui/Han, in consequence of Peng falling on their throw jump. They came third in the free skate as well, making an error on the side-by-side triple Salchow jumps, finishing third overall, their first ISU Championship medal.Peng commented that "despite the success rate of the triple jump in the training, we want to try that and challenge ourselves, and show what we have done in our training." Concluding the season at the 2019 World Championships, <mask>/Jin placed third in the short program, earning a small bronze medal. They came fifth in the free skate due to Peng underrotating her triple Salchow attempt, and finished fourth overall, off the podium by 1.97 points. Reflecting on the season, Jin observed: " We are satisfied with overall performances. We could pull out what we can. Of course, for some details, there are some areas to improve. The biggest accomplishment this season is to get our names out so that judges recognize us.For next season, we continue to improve our performance." 2019–20 season
<mask>/Jin debuted at the 2019 CS U.S. Classic, taking the bronze medal. They then won the 2019 Shanghai Trophy. On the Grand Prix series, <mask>/Jin first competed at 2019 Skate America, placing first in the short program despite <mask> stepping out on and underrotating her side-by-side jump. They placed first in the free skate as well, despite a

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Peng Cheng

texts:
 fall on a throw triple loop, taking their first Grand Prix gold medal together. They did not skate in the gala due to the throw jump fall impacting <mask>'s ankle. At their second event, the 2019 Cup of China, <mask>/Jin placed narrowly third in the short program after Peng fell on a jump and they had unison issues with their spins.They rose to second place and the silver medal in the free skate. Qualifying to the Grand Prix Final, <mask>/Jin lost their skates on the way there, and were consequently unable to practice for five days, though they were ultimately returned the day before the competition began. They were fifth in the short program following <mask> putting her foot down on their throw triple loop. Jin said that <mask>'s ankle injury from Skate America was "quite stubborn and not becoming better", impacting their training. They skated cleanly in the free skate, narrowly placing first in that segment, and rose to second place overall, winning their second consecutive Final silver medal. <mask>/Jin skated cleanly to place second in the short program at the 2020 Four Continents Championships in Seoul. Jin said they were quite satisfied with their performance, while <mask> revealed that sickness and a leg injury had impacted their training after the Grand Prix Final.Second in the free skate as well with only a stepout on a throw triple loop, they won the silver medal behind Sui/Han. They were assigned to compete at the World Championships in Montreal, but these were cancelled as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. 2020–21 season
With the pandemic continuing to affect international travel, the ISU assigned the Grand Prix based largely on geography, with <mask>/Jin being assigned to the 2020 Cup of China. Following withdrawals from some other Chinese teams, including Sui/Han, <mask>/Jin won the gold medal by almost 50 points out of three teams attending. In March at the 2021 World Championships in Stockholm, <mask> fell at the beginning of the short program, breaking one of the zippers on her dress, but continued the performance and

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Peng Cheng

texts:
 put her hand down on her underrotated jump attempt. They placed fifth in that segment. <mask> made errors on both jumps in the free skate as well, and they placed sixth in that segment, but remained in fifth place overall.2021–22 season
<mask>/Jin's first Grand Prix assignment was initially the 2021 Cup of China, but following its cancellation they were reassigned to the 2021 Gran Premio d'Italia. Making their season debut, they placed second in both segments to take the silver medal behind Sui/Han. The Chinese federation opted to withdraw them from their second event, the 2021 Internationaux de France, as a result of which they could not qualify for the Grand Prix Final. Assigned to the Chinese Olympic team, <mask>/Jin began the 2022 Winter Olympics as their country's entry in the pairs free skate segment of the Olympic team event. They were third in the segment despite <mask> making multiple jump errors and their final lift exiting early, while the Chinese team finished in fifth place. In the pairs event, <mask>/Jin were fifth in the short program. In the free skate, <mask> underrotated and stepped out of her triple Salchow attempt, but they placed sixth in the segment and remained in fifth overall.Jin said that they had been under "great pressure because we had the disappointing score" at the previous Olympics and failed to qualify for the free skate, but that they were pleased to have performed well in Beijing. Programs

With Jin

With Zhang

Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; CS: Challenger Series

With Jin

With Zhang

Detailed results

With Jin

With Zhang

References

External links

1997 births
Living people
Figure skaters from Harbin
Chinese female pair skaters
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
Figure skaters at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters of China
Figure skaters at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2017 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games silver medalists for China
Asian Games medalists

masks: Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng Peng


title: Guy Anderson

texts:
<mask> (November 20, 1906 – April 30, 1998) was an American artist known primarily for his oil painting who lived most of his life in the Puget Sound region of the United States. His work is in the collections of numerous museums including the Seattle Art Museum, the Tacoma Art Museum, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He has been called "Perhaps the most powerful artist to emerge from the Northwest School". <mask>'s mature work often draws from a set of symbols (circle, spiral, egg, seed, wave) he developed from the study of religious, mythical, and philosophical sources. The symbols are frequently combined with the human figure. Beginning in the 1960’s he painted on brown roofing paper that came in long rolls and permitted him to paint on a grand scale. <mask> said: "I read the Vedanta and the Vedas and I think about the order of the universe.The more we send men out into space, the more I realize we already are in space, floating out there. The whole order is preordained, in some miraculous way. I think all creation is magical." Early life
<mask> grew up in a semi-rural setting north of Seattle, in the town of Edmonds, Washington, where he'd been born on November 20, 1906. Some of his early paintings portrayed his family home. A piano was an important presence in his house. His father, <mask>, was a carpenter-builder and also a musician.From an early age <mask> was intrigued by other cultures; he was particularly fascinated by the woodcarvings of Northern Coastal native tribes, and by the collection of Japanese prints owned by his piano teacher. As soon as he was old enough to do so on his own, he began commuting to the Seattle Public Library by bus to study art books. After graduating from Edmonds High School,

masks:
Guy Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Irving Anderson
Guy


title: Guy Anderson

texts:
 <mask> briefly studied with Alaskan scenic painter Eustace Ziegler, who encouraged <mask>'s career-long preference for oil paints, and taught him how to draw nude figures, which would become important features of his work. In 1929, <mask> applied for and won a Tiffany Foundation scholarship and spent the summer studying at the Tiffany estate on Long Island, New York. As there were no art museums in Seattle at that time, he delighted in weekend visits to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan, examining the works of Rembrandt, Goya, Whistler, and many others. Career

On his return to Washington in the fall of 1929, <mask> set up a studio in an outbuilding on his parents' property, and had paintings included in a group show at the Fifth Avenue Gallery in downtown Seattle. The show piqued the interest of 19-year-old painter Morris Graves, who lived near <mask>, and the two became lifelong friends.In 1934 they traveled together to California in a beat-up panel truck, attempting to sell their paintings along the way. They also spent time painting near Monte Cristo in the North Cascade mountains. With the opening of the Seattle Art Museum in 1933, <mask> befriended its founder, Dr. Richard Eugene Fuller, and worked there for several years, off-and-on, as an installer and children's art teacher. His lifelong interest in Asian art and culture was deepened by both close exposure to the museum's major collection of Asian art and artefacts, and by socializing and sometimes painting with members of Seattle's vibrant Asian arts community. In the Northwest Annual Exhibition of 1935 he won the Katherine Baker Purchase Award, and the museum mounted a solo exhibition of his work the following year. In 1937, <mask> helped refurbish

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Guy Anderson

texts: a burned-out house Morris Graves had discovered near the small town of La Conner, Washington, in the Skagit Valley, about sixty miles north of Seattle. The two decorated the earthen-floored studio with furniture made of driftwood and raw cedar logs.Like many artists during the Great Depression, <mask> worked for the Works Progress Administration's Federal Art Project. Hired by the program's Washington director, R. Bruce Inverarity, he taught at the Spokane Art Center in 1939-40, alongside painters Carl Morris and Clyfford Still,  sculptor Hilda Deutsch, and muralist Ruth Egri. The center was widely praised as being among the most popular and productive of the more than 100 community art centers opened nationwide by the FAP. Throughout the 1940s and 50s <mask> was very much involved in Seattle's bustling art community. Morris Graves and Mark Tobey had become artists of international reputation; Tobey's studio and the home of painters Margaret and Kenneth Callahan become centers of lively socializing and philosophical debate. Otto Seligman and Zoe Dusanne were championing abstract art at their respective galleries, while SAM, the Henry Art Gallery, and the Frye Art Museum cautiously supported it. <mask> taught at the Helen Bush School in Seattle and Ruth Pennington's Fidalgo Art School in La Conner, while working at SAM, building stone mosaic patios for well-to-do patrons, and producing driftwood art for the commercial market.He lived in Seattle's University District, but spent much of his time painting at Graves' studio in La Conner or at the Callahans' summer place in Granite Falls, Washington. After a very successful show at SAM in 1945, he purchased his own cabin in Granite Falls. In September 1953 he became

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Guy Anderson

texts: nationally known when Life magazine ran a major feature presenting <mask>, Tobey, Graves, and Kenneth Callahan as the "big four" of Northwest mystic art. In 1959 <mask> left Seattle for good. He rented a house on the edge of La Conner, where he found inspiration from the vast skies and natural settings of the surrounding area. He gathered rocks and driftwood, which he composed around his rustic home in various assemblages. For a time, he rented a studio on the main street of La Conner.Later, he bought property at 415 Caledonia Street, building a house and studio there. He began painting large works on roofing paper purchased from a local lumber company. Working with large sheets of paper on the floor in the studio above his living room, <mask> used thinned oil paint and large brushes. The scale of the format enabled his brushstrokes to become expansive and expressive, while its texture gave unexpected complexities which he valued. Over the years his art ranged from densely worked and tightly composed figurative images of Northwest landscapes to large, sweeping brushstrokes with flowing, symbolic and iconographic forms. <mask> always preferred a limited palette of mostly muted earthy tones, sometimes accented with brilliant red. The male nude—often placed horizontally—figures prominently in many of his paintings.His works are often inspired by, and titled after, Greek mythology and Native American iconography. In 1966 <mask> traveled to Europe for the first time with friends and fellow artists Clayton and Barbara James. In 1975 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship, which, among other things, allowed him to visit major museums in Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C., and travel extensively in Mexico. In 1982 he

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Guy Anderson

texts:
 visited Osaka, Japan for an exhibition featuring his work. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the Seattle Center in 1995, and many who knew him personally considered him a "living treasure." <mask> was a complex, affable, and generous man with a wide-ranging mind and a devious sense of humor. His paintings can be read in many ways, but he cherished the premise of the human figure—a prominent feature in many of his works—as being symbolic of the journey of life.Final years
<mask> never quite achieved the international stature of his friends Tobey and Graves. This was partly due to bad luck - such as a newspaper strike leaving his first solo exhibition in New York (at the Smolin Gallery in 1962) unreviewed - but he turned down other important exhibition opportunities, including one at the Phillips Collection in Washington, DC, simply because he felt he didn't have enough material of sufficient quality ready. He remained a pre-eminent artist with strong sales and major commissioned projects in the Pacific Northwest. His expressions of northwest atmospheres with their mythological allusions are distinctive, even as they evoke the coastal Skagit River country where he lived. In the 1980s, with his health declining, <mask> arranged to be cared for as an elder, and he became increasingly dependent on a younger companion, Deryl Walls. Walls eventually became executor of his estate, and made the controversial decision to end <mask>'s long association with Francine Seders, who had been his agent since 1966. <mask> continued living in the house he had built on Caledonia Street, where he received visitors and continued painting into his late eighties.Walls eventually moved <mask> into his own home on Maple Street in La

masks:
Anderson
Guy Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


title: Guy Anderson

texts:
 Conner, where <mask> was cared for while surrounded by his paintings. Walls hosted birthday parties for <mask> which were well attended by collectors, fellow artists, and admirers. He remained lucid and enjoyed visitors at La Conner until shortly before he died on April 30, 1998, aged 91 years. Legacy
<mask>'s work has been included in exhibitions at the Seattle Art Museum, the Henry Art Gallery, the Bellevue Arts Museum, the Tacoma Art Museum, the Museum of Northwest Art in La Conner, the Whatcom Museum in Bellingham, Washington, and the National Museum of Art in Osaka Japan. In 2014, several of his works were included in Modernism in the Pacific Northwest: the Mythic and the Mystical, a major exhibition at the Seattle Art Museum. References

Bibliography
 Conkelton, Sheryl, What It Meant to be Modern:  Seattle Art at Mid-Century, Henry Art Gallery, Seattle 1999
 Conkelton, Sheryl, and Landau, Laura, Northwest Mythologies:  The Interactions of Mark Tobey, Morris Graves, Kenneth Callahan, and <mask>, Tacoma Art Museum, Tacoma WA;    University of Washington Press, Seattle and London 2003
 Kingsbury, Martha, Art of the Thirties:  The Pacific Northwest, University of Washington Press for Henry Art Gallery, Seattle and London 1972
 Wehr, Wesley,    " The Accidental Collector " University of Washington Press
 Wehr, Wesley,    "The Eighth Lively Art " University of Washington Press

External links
 <mask> collection of the Tacoma Art Museum. Over 25 of <mask>'s works ranging from the 1950s to the 1980s.<mask> collection of Henry Art Gallery. Over 25 works ranging from 1940 to the late 1970s. <mask> collection of the Portland Art Museum. Contains about a dozen works. University of Washington Digital Collections. Includes

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Guy Anderson
Guy Anderson
Anderson
Guy Anderson
Guy Anderson


title: Guy Anderson

texts:
 photographs of <mask> in his studio. 1983 interview of <mask>.Conducted for the Archives of American Art's Northwest Oral History Project. Pacific Northwest artists
Artists from Seattle
Painters from Washington (state)
Modern artists
20th-century American painters
American male painters
1906 births
1998 deaths
Federal Art Project artists
Cornish College of the Arts faculty
People from Edmonds, Washington
Northwest School (art)
People from La Conner,

masks:
Anderson
Guy Anderson


title: Antoine Robidoux

texts:
<mask> (September 24, 1794 – August 29, 1860) was a fur trapper and trader of French-Canadian descent best known for his exploits in the American Southwest in the first half of the 19th century. Early life
<mask> was born in 1794 in Saint Louis, the fourth of six sons of <mask>, the owner of a Saint Louis-based fur trading company, and his wife Catherine Marie Rollet dit Laderoute. The <mask> family is strongly connected to the history of the North American fur trade, with all of <mask>'s sons having participated to one degree or another in the family business. One of <mask>'s five brothers, <mask> IV, established the Blacksnake Hills Trading Post that eventually became the town of St. Joseph, Missouri. <mask> spoke English, French, and Spanish. In his early years he helped his father extend his business westward, and by the 1820s was focused on developing trade routes in the intermountain corridors of what was at the time the Mexican province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. In the summer of 1824, <mask> may have joined a party led by Etienne Provost that traveled to the Uinta Basin to trade for pelts.He eventually established a permanent residence in the capital city of Santa Fe, and in 1828, he took for his common-law wife Carmel Benevides (1812–1888), the daughter of a Spanish captain who was killed fighting the Comanche and subsequently the adopted daughter of the provincial governor. The couple adopted a girl, Carmelete, who married Isador Barada. Barada and his brother Edmund were arrested in 1849 for illegally operating a gaming house and fined $50 each. Their subsequent appeal to the Missouri Supreme Court resulted in a reversal of their conviction. In 1829, <mask> and his younger brother <mask> petitioned for and were granted Mexican citizenship, which freed them to trade and settle in Mexican territory without having to worry about expensive tariffs and other international restrictions, as well as near-exclusive license to trap and trade in the Ute country of what is now western Colorado and eastern Utah. By 1830, <mask> had

masks:
Antoine Robidoux
Robidoux
Joseph Robidoux III
Robidoux
Joseph Robidoux
Antoine
Joseph Robidoux
Antoine
Antoine
Antoine
Louis Robidoux
Antoine


title: Antoine Robidoux

texts:
 become a prominent citizen of Santa Fe in social and economic circles. He was even elected the first non-Mexican alcalde of the ayuntamiento (the municipal council), though his political career was short-lived.Around the same time, and possibly in partnership with Louis, <mask> established Fort Uncompahgre near the confluence of the Gunnison River (then known as the Río San Xavier) and the Uncompahgre River in west-central Colorado. Though the exact date of its completion is unknown, <mask>'s post was arguably the first permanent trading operation west of the continental divide. In 1832, <mask> purchased the Reed Trading Post, a single cabin built by William Reed and Denis Julien four years earlier at the confluence of the Uinta and Whiterocks rivers in northeastern Utah, and rebuilt it much larger as Fort Robidoux, also called Fort Uintah and Fort Winty. The fort was visited by many well-known pioneers and mountain men during its years of operation, including Marcus Whitman, Miles Goodyear, and Kit Carson. Westwater Canyon inscription
Robidoux spent more than a decade managing both trading posts and exploring the Western interior. He is especially well known for having carved a famous rock inscription  on a wall of Utah's Westwater Canyon during this time. Likely ascending a trapper's trail from the canyon's mouth on the Colorado River, Robidoux left the following record of his presence engraved on a sandstone bluff:

The inscription was not again brought to public attention until 1933, when Charles Kelly first photographed it.It has since yielded many interpretations in attempts to more accurately pinpoint the precise dates of <mask>'s operations in the area. The most direct translation from the French reads "<mask> passed here 13 November 1837 to establish a trading post at the Green or Wiyté River", but the accuracy of this translation has been a matter of controversy among historians. Specifically, it has been suggested that the word "Wiyté" was actually intended to read "Winté", and that deterioration has made the appearance

masks:
Antoine
Robidoux
Robidoux
Robidoux
Antoine Robidoux


title: Antoine Robidoux

texts:
 of the third letter ambiguous; though the Green and the White are both names for rivers in Utah, "Winté" may instead be a reference to the Uinta River, which was at the time commonly called the "Winty". If this alternative translation is correct, then the inscription appears to suggest that <mask> had not yet established a trading post on the Uinta River by 1837. This contradicts evidence that he purchased and rebuilt the Reed Trading Post on the Uinta River in 1832, five years earlier. A simple solution is that the year engraved in the inscription has also been misinterpreted, and that the original message reads "1831" instead of "1837"; this would be a logical fit with the notion that <mask> may have been searching for a place to establish a new trading post in late 1831, shortly before he eventually did so when he bought the Reed Trading Post. Yet there is evidence that <mask> was actually in Missouri selling furs and procuring supplies in November 1831, making it impossible for him to have carved the inscription at that time.A third solution is that 1837 is actually correct and that <mask> was, in fact, planning to build a third, unidentified trading post in a new location at the time, which either never materialized or was built and subsequently lost to history. Later life
Both Fort Uncompahgre and Fort Robidoux were evidently attacked and destroyed by Utes in 1844, just as the fur trade was declining with changes in the European market. These circumstances prompted <mask> to quickly abandon his fur enterprise and return east to St. Joseph. Over the next decade, he worked in various capacities as an emigrant guide and a U.S. Army interpreter. In June 1846, <mask> enlisted as an interpreter with General Stephen W. Kearny's expedition to California during the Mexican–American War. He was severely wounded at the Battle of San Pasqual in December and later applied for a government pension. <mask> died in 1860 in St. Joseph, Missouri, at the age of 65.References

American fur traders
People from St. Louis
1794 births
1860

masks:
Robidoux
Robidoux
Antoine Robidoux
Robidoux
Robidoux
Robidoux
Robidoux


title: Charles O'Hara

texts:
General <mask>'Hara (1740 – 25 February 1802) was a British Army officer who served in the Seven Years' War, the American War of Independence, and the French Revolutionary War and later served as governor of Gibraltar. During his career O'Hara personally surrendered to both George Washington and Napoleon Bonaparte. O'Hara's Battery in Gibraltar is named after him. Early life
<mask>'Hara was born in Lisbon, Portugal, the illegitimate son of James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley and Kilmaine (and eventually promoted Field Marshal in 1763); and his Portuguese mistress. <mask> was sent to Westminster School. On 23 December 1752, at the age of twelve—a young but not uncommon age for a subaltern of the era—he became a cornet in the 3rd Dragoons. He became a lieutenant in the 2nd Regiment of the Coldstream Guards on 14 January 1756 shortly before major warfare broke out in Europe.Seven Years' War

During the Seven Years' War O'Hara served in Germany as an aide to the Marquess of Granby, the senior officer of the British contingent serving with the Duke of Brunswick's army. In 1762 he served under his father in Portugal in the same campaign with <mask>. He also saw service in Germany. Although a disciplinarian, he was extremely popular with the troops under his command. Senegal
On 25 July 1766, O'Hara was appointed commandant of the Africa Corps in Senegal, colony which had been captured from France in 1758, with the rank of lieutenant colonel. This unit was made up of British military prisoners pardoned in exchange for accepting life service in Africa. It came at a time when the British government were trying to build up a base in West Africa.In 1769, he was appointed as a captain in the Coldstream Guards. The development of Senegal

masks:
Charles O
Charles O
Charles
Charles Lee


title: Charles O'Hara

texts:
 was a disappointment for the British and O'Hara was uninterested in civil governance. Despite the constitution which had been created offering generous rights to settlers, very few British colonists ever came to West Africa. The territories would ultimately be ceded back to France at the Treaty of Versailles in 1783. American Revolutionary War
In July 1778, Lt. Col. O'Hara arrived in America and immediately commanded forces at Sandy Hook, New Jersey. Lt. Gen. Henry Clinton, commander of the British army in America, gave him that assignment as the French fleet under Admiral d'Estaing threatened New York City. Southern Campaign
In October 1780, O'Hara was promoted to brigadier and became commander of Brigade of Guards.He became Lieutenant General <mask>' second-in-command and good friend. During Cornwallis' pursuit of Major General Nathanael Greene to the Dan River, O'Hara distinguished himself at Cowan's Ford, North Carolina on 1 February 1781. He also led the British counterattack at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse on 15 March 1781, which led to General Greene withdrawing from the field of battle. He was severely wounded during this battle, but was able to remain with the army as it moved toward Yorktown, Virginia. His nephew, who was a lieutenant of the artillery, was killed during the battle. Yorktown

General O'Hara represented the British at the surrender of Yorktown on 19 October 1781, as Cornwallis' adjutant, when the latter pleaded illness. He first attempted to surrender to French Comte de Rochambeau, who declined his sword and deferred to General George Washington.Washington declined and deferred to Major General Benjamin Lincoln, who was serving as Washington's second-in-command and had surrendered to


title: Charles O'Hara

texts:
 Governor O'Hara did not approve of St Vincent's plan as he proposed to finance it by selling the naval stores at Waterport and Irish Town. However, St Vincent had poor regard for O'Hara, who let the garrison enjoy the ninety pubs on the Rock. It has been proposed that he needed the income to finance his many households and mistresses. St Vincent, however, won with regard to his navy's needs. The poor morale in the garrison led to a plot to let Spain have Gibraltar. O'Hara discovered the plot and 1,000 people were exiled from the Rock.He died in Gibraltar on 21 February 1802, from complications due to his old wounds and was buried on 25 February. In popular culture
In the Roland Emmerich film The Patriot starring Mel Gibson, <mask>'Hara was played by Peter Woodward. O'Hara was portrayed by Collin Sutton in the television show Turn: Washington's Spies. John Means portrayed Brigadier General <mask>'Hara in the MGM miniseries "George Washington" in 1984. References

Bibliography
 Babits, Lawrence Edward & Howard, Joshua B. Long, Obstinate and Bloody: The Battle of Guilford Courthouse. University of North Carolina Press, 2009.Bicheno, Hugh. Redcoats and Rebels: The American Revolutionary War. Harper Collins, 2003. Fredriksen, John C. Revolutionary War Almanac. Infobase Publishing, 2006. 1740 births
1802 deaths
British Army generals
British Army personnel of the American Revolutionary War
British Army personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Cheshire Regiment officers
Governors of Gibraltar
People educated at Westminster School, London
3rd Dragoon Guards officers
74th Highlanders officers
Coldstream Guards officers
British people of Portuguese descent
Irish colonial officials
British Army personnel of the Seven Years'

masks:
Charles O
Charles O


title: Bruce Mazlish

texts:
<mask> (September 15, 1923 – November 27, 2016) was an American historian who was a professor in the Department of History at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His work focused on historiography and philosophy of history, history of science and technology, artificial intelligence, history of the social sciences, the two cultures and bridging the humanities and sciences (natural and social), revolution, psychohistory, history of globalization and the history of global citizenship. He worked to build the latter two fields of inquiry into a public intellectual movement, through initiatives such as the New Global History conferences. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1923. His father, <mask>, had immigrated as a teenager from what was then Russia. A largely self-taught engineer and entrepreneur, <mask> started a laundry service for which he developed much of the equipment. He married Lee Reuben in 1919, and had three children, of whom <mask> was the middle, with an older brother Robert and a younger sister, Elaine.<mask> attended local public primary schools in Brooklyn, and then elected to go to Boys High School, which drew its students on a city-wide basis. Upon graduation he entered Columbia University in 1940. Having enlisted in the Officer's Reserve Corps, <mask> was called up in 1943, and underwent basic training in the US infantry. Subsequently he served in the Office of Strategic Services, assigned to the East Asian arena,

masks:
Bruce Mazlish
Bruce Mazlish
Louis Mazlish
Louis Mazlish
Bruce
Bruce Mazlish
Mazlish


title: Bruce Mazlish

texts:
 in Morale Operations. When the war ended, Columbia granted him a catch-up BA dated 1944. <mask> worked as a journalist at The Washington Daily News (now defunct) for half of a year, spent a year with his wife in Mexico working on a novel, and then worked at a third-rate prep school, teaching English (for which he was qualified) and History (which he learned by reading one chapter ahead of his students). Teaching the latter gave him an original view of the discipline, and the G.I.Bill drove educational expansion and demand for teachers in the post-WWII years. In this way, <mask> stumbled onto the path of the academic world, teaching history for two years at the University of Maine, Brunswick campus, and then completing advanced degrees at Columbia University in literature (MA thesis: “Defoe: Criminologist,” 1947) and then a Ph.D in Modern European History, where he worked mainly under Professors Shepherd Clough and Jacques Barzun (thesis on “Burke, Bonald and De Maistre: A Study in Conservative Thought”, 1955)." Scholarship

<mask> was hired as an instructor at MIT in 1955. He became full Professor in the MIT History Department in 1965. Aside from a couple of years when he completed his PhD, and then a few years teaching and researching abroad, he remained in active teaching at MIT until fall 2003, when he assumed emeritus status. Some of his course offerings included "Marx, Darwin and Freud," "Modernity, Post-modernity and Capitalism," and "The New Global History."

masks: Mazlish Mazlish Mazlish


title: Bruce Mazlish

texts: <mask> was an editor of, and contributor to, several collected volumes, and the author of over two dozen books (with translations into six different languages), as well as several dozen more articles and reviews in over two dozen peer-reviewed journals (a couple of which he founded) in addition to various periodicals.Notable among his publications are: The Western Intellectual Tradition (1960; co-authored with Jacob Bronowski, this became a classic used in university courses and translated into many languages), Psychoanalysis and History (1963 edited volume), The Riddle of History: The Great Speculators from Vico to Freud (1966), The Revolutionary Ascetic (1976), A New Science: The Breakdown of Connections and the Birth of Sociology (1989), The Leader, the Led, and the Psyche (1990), Conceptualizing Global History (1991, co-edited with Ralph Buultjens), The Fourth Discontinuity: The Co-Evolution of Humans and Machines (1993), The Uncertain Sciences (1998), The Global History Reader (2005, co-edited with Akira Iriye, based on a course co-taught at Harvard in 2004), The New Global History (2006), and The Idea of Humanity in a Global Era (2009). He also wrote psychohistorical biographies on Richard Nixon (written at the time of the Watergate hearings, and receiving wide popular attention and acclaim), Henry Kissinger, and James and John Stuart Mill. His articles appeared in peer-reviewed journals such as History and Theory, American Historical Review, Historically


title: Bruce Mazlish

texts: Speaking, and New Global Studies, as well as periodicals for a more general audience, including Book Review Digest, Center Magazine, Encounter, The Nation, The New Republic, New York Magazine, and The Wilson Quarterly. Reviews of his books appeared in a wide range of publications, including The Christian Science Monitor, Fortune Magazine, The New York Review of Books, and The New York Times. In 1960, he was a founding associate editor of History and Theory, helping to edit it for ten years. In 1969 he was instrumental in the establishment of the Journal of Interdisciplinary History, helping to secure its financial and institutional footing, and serving on its Board of Advisors from its founding until his death. Mazlish was substantively involved in the major ongoing activity of the Toynbee Foundation, the New Global History Initiative, which organized several international conferences and since 2007 has published the New Global Studies Journal (a peer-reviewed electronic journal).<mask> was one of the editors, along with Nayan Chanda (Yale), Akira Iriye (Emeritus, Harvard), Saskia Sassen (Columbia), and Kenneth Weisbrode (Managing Editor). <mask> was also one of the founding members of the Wellfleet Psychohistory Group. In 2004, the journal Historically Speaking, on the occasion of an interview with <mask>, conducted by its editor, Donald Yerxa, described him as "identified with several seemingly disparate intellectual pursuits", including psychohistory, the history of


title: Bruce Mazlish

texts:
 the social sciences, and the new field of "global history", which he was then helping to shape. Awards and honors

<mask> was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1967. The Academy funded a project examining the feasibility of psychohistory; <mask> was a primary investigator, along with Erik Erikson, Philip Rieff, Robert Lifton, and others. In 1972-73 <mask> was a recipient of a Social Science Research Council Faculty Fellowship and made a Visiting Member of the Institute for Advanced Study. From 1974 to 1979, <mask> served as Head of MIT’s Department of Humanities (Course XXI).At the time, there were 11 “sections” representing their disciplines (this amounted to about 140 faculty), an unwieldy administrative structure. When he stepped down, he recommended that each section became an autonomous department; this occurred a few years later. <mask> received the Toynbee Prize for 1986-87. Other recipients include George F. Kennan, Ralf Dahrendorf, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., and Albert O. Hirschman. He also served on the Board of Trustees (1992-2007), and as President (1997-2006), of the Toynbee Prize Foundation, which is an affiliated society of the American Historical Association, and sponsors one session at the Association's annual meeting, when the prize is awarded. <mask> served on the Scholars Council for the Kluge Prize of the Library of Congress, 2000-2003, and on the governing board of the Rockefeller Archive Center, 1999-2005. Invited

masks: Mazlish Mazlish Mazlish Mazlish Mazlish Mazlish


title: Bruce Mazlish

texts:
 lectures included the Remsen Bird Honorary Lecture at Occidental College, the Presidential Lecture at Brown University, along with innumerable others in the United States and abroad, including in Argentina, India, Great Britain, and Russia."The MIT History faculty held a symposium, "World into Globe – History for the 21st Century" to celebrate his work and teaching in 2011. <mask>'s books received several honors, including the Hudson Book Club Selection, Book Find Club Selection, and Kayden National Book Award (1994-1995, for his 1993 The Fourth Discontinuity. Personal life

<mask> was married to Neva Goodwin, daughter of David Rockefeller, an economist and co-director of the Global Development And Environment Institute at Tufts University, with whom he published and edited several works. Previously, he was married to Constance Shaw (fellow OSS officer in WWII), and to Anne Austin. He had two children from his first marriage, Cordelia and Peter Shaw, two from his second, Anthony and <mask>, and two stepchildren, David and Miranda Kaiser. He passed on November 27, 2016 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and was eulogized in The New York Times, by several at the Toynbee Prize Foundation, by MIT News, and at an MIT Memorial service. Bibliography
(1960) with Jacob Bronowski The Western Intellectual Tradition: From Leonardo to Hegel (New York/London: Harper and Row).(1963) Revised edition (England: Penguin Books). (1962) Italian translation (Milan: Edizioni di Communita). (1963)

masks:
Mazlish
Mazlish
Jared Mazlish


title: Bruce Mazlish

texts:
 Globality Studies Journal (2012). The New Global Merchants of Light, New Global Studies 7:1 (2013), pp. 25–31. The Imprint of the Global, New Global Studies'' 8:2 (2014), pp. 177–182. References

External links
 MIT Video Lecture: Considering Jerusalem
 World into Globe I: Introductory Remarks by Philip S. Khoury at the symposium held in honor of Professor <mask> at MIT on May 11, 2011
 A media studies perspective on <mask>'s book The Fourth Discontinuity

1923 births
2016 deaths
Historians from New York (state)
MIT School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences faculty
Intellectual historians
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Boys High School (Brooklyn) alumni
Columbia College (New York) alumni
Rockefeller family
United States Army personnel of World War

masks:
Bruce Mazlish
Mazlish


title: Henry Lytton

texts: <mask> (born <mask>; 3 January 1865 – 15 August 1936) was an English actor and singer who was the leading exponent of the comic patter-baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas from 1909 to 1934. He also starred in musical comedies. His career with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company spanned 50 years, and he is the only person ever knighted for achievements as a Gilbert and Sullivan performer. <mask> was born in London; he studied there with a painter but then went on the stage in defiance of his family's wishes. At the age of 19 he married Louie Henri, an actress and singer who helped him gain a place in a D'Oyly Carte touring company in 1884. After briefly playing in other companies, he and his wife rejoined D'Oyly Carte. He had an early breakthrough in 1887 when the Savoy Theatre star George Grossmith fell ill, and the 22-year-old <mask> went on for him in Ruddigore.<mask> starred in D'Oyly Carte touring companies from 1887 to 1897, playing mostly the comic patter roles in the Gilbert and Sullivan (and other) operas. From 1897 to 1903 he appeared with the company continuously at the Savoy Theatre, playing a range of baritone parts, from romantic leads to character parts in new operas and revivals. During this time a brief and costly attempt at theatrical production in London led to him abandoning thoughts of being an impresario. The D'Oyly Carte company left the Savoy Theatre in 1903, and Lytton appeared in half a dozen West End musical comedies over the next four years, including The Earl and the Girl, The Spring Chicken and The

masks:
Sir Henry Lytton
Henry Alfred Jones
Lytton
Lytton
Lytton


title: Henry Lytton

texts:
 Little Michus. He also wrote for, and performed in, music hall and wrote a libretto. During the two D'Oyly Carte repertory seasons at the Savoy between 1906 and 1909, Lytton rejoined the company, again playing a variety of roles, but mostly not the patter roles. Beginning in 1909, and continuously to 1934, he was the principal comedian of the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company in London and on tour.Life and career

Early years

<mask> was born as <mask> Jones on 3 January 1865 in Pembroke Square, Kensington, London, the son of <mask> (1829–1893), a jeweller, and his second wife Martha Lavinia, née Harris. According to his highly unreliable memoirs he was educated at St Mark's School, Chelsea, and took part there in amateur theatricals and boxing. He studied art with the painter W. H. Trood. It is unclear whether the studies were part-time or full time, or during his schooldays or later. In 1881 <mask> made his first appearance on the professional stage at the Philharmonic Theatre, Islington, in the comic opera A Trip to China, or The Obstinate Bretons, in the cast of which was his future wife, Louie Henri, daughter of William Webber, of London. They married in early 1884, both aged 19, at St Mary Abbots church, Kensington. Lytton was estranged from his father, who disapproved of Lytton's and Henri's profession, and neither family attended the ceremony.Henri played an important part in Lytton's early theatrical career, coaching him in acting, and playing the piano to help him learn his musical parts. In February 1884 the two joined one of

masks:
Lytton
Henry Alfred
Henry Jones
Lytton


title: Henry Lytton

texts: Richard D'Oyly Carte's touring companies. She played the small role of Ada in the first provincial tour of Gilbert and Sullivan's Princess Ida; he sang in the chorus and understudied the principal comic role of King Gama. According to his memoirs, Henri had obtained an audition for him, passing him off as her brother – "H. A. Henri" – in the mistaken belief that married couples were not welcome in Carte's companies. Any pretence was quickly abandoned, but Lytton kept the stage name Henri until 1887. The tour ended in December, and the following month the couple's first child, Ida Louise, was born. Henri and <mask> rejoined the D'Oyly Carte tour when it resumed in February 1885, continuing until May.After this, they joined with other out-of-work actors and travelled from town to town in Surrey for just over two months, performing a drama, All of Her, a comedy, Masters and Servants, and Dibdin's ballad opera The Waterman. <mask>'s memoirs record that they made little money, and the struggling young actors sometimes went hungry. Between theatrical engagements Lytton took odd jobs, including putting his artistic training to use by painting decorative plaques. He was taken on by another of Carte's touring companies from September to December 1885, after which he and Henri were in the 1885 Christmas pantomime at the Theatre Royal, Manchester. In May 1886 they were in the chorus of The Lily of Leoville in Birmingham, and then of Erminie at the Comedy Theatre, London. At the end of 1886 <mask> was engaged by Carte to appear at the Savoy

masks: Lytton Lytton Lytton


title: Henry Lytton

texts:
 Theatre. Eric Lewis, who had been understudying George Grossmith in the comic patter roles since 1882, left the D'Oyly Carte company.<mask> was appointed to replace him, understudying the role of Robin Oakapple in the new Savoy opera, Ruddigore, which opened on 22 January 1887. A week later Grossmith fell ill. Between 31 January and 15 February, <mask> appeared in the role. When he went back to the chorus on Grossmith's return, W. S. Gilbert presented him with a gold-mounted walking stick in appreciation of his performance. Principal comedian on tour 1887 to 1897

From April 1887 <mask> played Robin in his own right in two of Carte's touring companies, the first performing in medium-sized towns and the second in the major provincial cities. During the year, at Gilbert's suggestion, he changed his stage name from H. A. Henri to <mask><mask>. He received good notices, more for his acting than his singing.One reviewer wrote, "Mr <mask><mask>, though not shining as a vocalist, was in every way an admirable Robin Oakapple"; another praised the "light but masterly touch" with which he transformed himself from the innocent Robin of Act 1 to the bad baronet of Act 2. On tour Lytton gradually added to his repertoire the comic patter roles in many of the other Gilbert and Sullivan operas, beginning with Sir Joseph Porter in H.M.S. Pinafore (1887), the Major General in The Pirates of Penzance, Ko-Ko in The Mikado and Jack Point in The Yeomen of the Guard (all 1888). He later described the last of these as his favourite part. The creator of

masks:
Lytton
Lytton
Lytton
Henry A
. Lytton
Henry A
. Lytton


title: Henry Lytton

texts: the role, Grossmith, was celebrated as a comic performer and did not emphasise the tragic side of the part; both <mask> and his colleague George Thorne in another touring company did so, portraying Point's collapse at the end as fatal. Gilbert and Carte approved, and the interpretation became standard. In 1890 <mask> played the Duke of Plaza-Toro in the latest Savoy opera, The Gondoliers, on tour and on Broadway, where Carte sent him with other D'Oyly Carte principals, to bolster the weak cast of the original New York production.After returning to Britain he added another of Grossmith's old roles to his repertory, playing the Lord Chancellor in Iolanthe. In the first provincial production of Utopia, Limited (1893) he played King Paramount – not a patter role but the main baritone part – created at the Savoy by Rutland Barrington. He played the title role in The Sorcerer and Bunthorne in Patience for the first time in 1895, and later in 1895 King Gama in Princess Ida, finally appearing in the role he had understudied in his first season with D'Oyly Carte eleven years earlier. In 1896 he toured as Ludwig in the final Gilbert and Sullivan opera, The Grand Duke. In most of these provincial tours <mask>'s wife was a fellow member of the company. During them he also appeared in Savoy operas by librettists or composers other than Gilbert and Sullivan, playing the title role in The Vicar of Bray (1892), Flapper in Billie Taylor (1893: "Mr <mask>. <mask> scored immensely by his clever impersonation of Captain the Hon. Felix Flapper, R.N, –

masks:
Lytton
Lytton
Lytton
Henry A
Lytton


title: Henry Lytton

texts:
 his efforts were rewarded by sustained applause and laughter"), Bobinet in Mirette (1895) and Peter Grigg in The Chieftain (1895)

The Savoy: 1897 to 1903

<mask> was called to London in 1897 to play King Ferdinand in the new Savoy opera, His Majesty.He was an emergency replacement for Grossmith who had returned to the Savoy after nine years to star in the piece, but had withdrawn from the production in the first week of the run, pleading ill health. <mask>'s performance won critical approval, but the piece did not please the public and was withdrawn after 61 performances. Such comedy as there was in His Majesty was given to Walter Passmore. He had succeeded Grossmith as the Savoy's principal comedian and was principal exponent of the patter roles there until 1903. After His Majesty closed, <mask> remained in the Savoy company – joined the following year by his wife – playing a wide range of other baritone roles, from comic to romantic and serious. His only patter role during this period was Major General Stanley in a revival of The Pirates of Penzance (1900), in which Passmore took the part of the Sergeant of Police. Between 1897 and 1903 Lytton's Gilbert and Sullivan roles at the Savoy were Wilfred Shadbolt in The Yeomen of the Guard, Giuseppe in The Gondoliers, the Learned Judge in Trial by Jury, Dr Daly in The Sorcerer, Captain Corcoran in H.M.S.Pinafore, Grosvenor in Patience, and Strephon in Iolanthe. In operas not by Gilbert and Sullivan he created nine roles: Prince Paul in The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein (1897), Simon


title: Henry Lytton

texts: and Frank Curzon. He starred in The Earl and the Girl and Little Hans Andersen, (1903, alongside Passmore); The Talk of the Town (1905, also with Passmore); The Little Michus (1905, with Evett); The White Chrysanthemum (1905, with Barrington and Jay); The Spring Chicken (1905); and My Darling (1907). Apart from his musical comedy roles, he wrote for and performed in the music halls. In 1904 he wrote the libretto for a one-act operetta, The Knights of the Road, set to music by Sir Alexander MacKenzie, which was well received at its premiere at the Palace Theatre of Varieties in February 1905.The Musical Standard commented favourably on the piece and its "unmistakably Savoy flavour". <mask> performed in music hall sketches with Connie Ediss in 1906 and Constance Hyem in 1908. Lytton wrote that greatly as he enjoyed, and profited from, his musical comedy roles, he found them shallow and superficial compared with the Savoy Operas, to which he was glad to return in 1907. He appeared at the Savoy in Helen Carte's first London repertory season of Gilbert and Sullivan in June of that year, playing Strephon. When she presented a second London repertory season, from April 1908 to March 1909, he played in all five operas staged, as the Mikado; Dick Deadeye in H.M.S. Pinafore; Strephon; the Pirate King in The Pirates of Penzance; and Giuseppe in The Gondoliers. The patter roles were played by C.H.Workman, seconded from the year-round touring company.At the end of the season Workman left to pursue a career as an actor-manager; <mask> took over

masks: Lytton Lytton


title: Henry Lytton

texts:
 the patter roles in the touring company, in which his fellow principals included Fred Billington, Clara Dow, Sydney Granville, Louie René and Leicester Tunks. Principal comedian: 1909 to 1934
Helen Carte died in 1913, and the opera company was inherited by her stepson Rupert D'Oyly Carte. Although he wrote in 1922 that "the scope and versatility" of <mask>'s work was unique, three years earlier, when planning the company's first London season for more than ten years, Carte had hoped to persuade Workman, who was in Australia, to return. Workman declined, and <mask> remained in possession of the patter roles both in London and on tour for the rest of his career. After the opening night of the 1919–20 London season at the Prince's Theatre, in which he played the Duke of Plaza-Toro, The Observer commented:

Lytton starred in three later seasons at the Prince's (1921, 1924 and 1926), in tours of Canada in 1927 and 1928 and the US in 1929, and in London seasons at the Savoy in 1929–30 and 1932–33. Carte attempted to balance respect for tradition with the desire to keep productions fresh. Lytton approved of the new costumes commissioned by Carte, but strongly disapproved of, and battled against, the brisk tempi imposed by Malcolm Sargent, the young conductor brought in as musical director for the London seasons of 1926 and 1929–30.<mask>, who could not read music, had learnt his parts by rote, and had trouble with what he called "the twiddly bits"; The Times commented in 1926 that he "shows more respect for Gilbert's words than for


title: Henry Lytton

texts:
 Sullivan's notes, though he still manages to give the gist even of the latter". Sargent studied Sullivan's manuscripts, and for some numbers set tempi that <mask> found difficult to cope with. There were rows at rehearsal and sometimes open disagreement in performances, with <mask> deliberately lagging behind Sargent's beat. <mask> was knighted in the 1930 Birthday Honours; he is the only person to have received the accolade for achievements as a Gilbert and Sullivan performer. The award was celebrated by international press such as The Scotsman, The Los Angeles Times and The Ottawa Citizen. In May the following year <mask>, driving in heavy rain, crashed his car; his passenger, his fellow D'Oyly Carte principal Bertha Lewis, was killed, and he was injured. He was absent for six weeks, during which Martyn Green, his understudy and eventual successor, took over his roles.In August 1931 <mask> permanently handed over two of his roles to Green – Robin Oakapple and the Major General. <mask>'s last central London appearance was as Ko-Ko at the Savoy in January 1933. He then toured with the D'Oyly Carte company until 30 June 1934, making his final appearance at the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin as Jack Point. He was the last remaining member of the company to have performed under the direction of both Gilbert and Sullivan. In his memoirs he listed thirty different roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas he had played during his career. Last years

After retiring from the D'Oyly Carte company <mask> made his last stage appearance as the Emperor of

masks: Lytton Lytton Lytton Lytton Lytton Lytton Lytton


title: Henry Lytton

texts:
 China in Aladdin, the Christmas pantomime at the Prince of Wales Theatre, Birmingham in 1934–35. It was also his last broadcast performance, being relayed by the BBC on New Year's Day, 1935.<mask> died at his home in Earls Court, London, in 1936 at the age of 71; he was survived by his wife, Louie Henri, who died in 1947, their two sons, including <mask>, Jr. (1906–1965), whose high-profile marriage to Jessie Matthews in 1925 ended in divorce in 1930, and two daughters, Bessie Ena <mask> Elverston (1904–1995)  and Ida Louise <mask>-Gay (1883–1979). Another son, Percy Arthur Bertram <mask> (1893–1918), was killed in February 1918 while serving in the Royal Flying Corps, and two others died in infancy. In an appreciation in  The Manchester Guardian, Neville Cardus wrote:

Recordings, film and broadcasts
Lytton featured prominently in early gramophone recordings. As early as 1902–03 the Gramophone Company (HMV) was promoting him as one of its stars along with performers ranging from Enrico Caruso, Edvard Grieg and Joseph Joachim to Dan Leno, Marie Lloyd and George Robey. His recordings between 1901 and 1905 include "My Cosy Corner Girl" from The Earl and the Girl, which was something of a best-seller. Twenty-five of his recordings were collected on the 1982 LP set "The Art of Henry Lytton". It contains eight Gilbert and Sullivan numbers from five operas, and songs from three other shows in which he appeared – Merrie England, A Princess of Kensington and The Earl and the Girl – and three he did not appear in – A Country Girl, The

masks:
Lytton
Henry Lytton
Lytton
Lytton
Lytton