title: Ernle Chatfield, 1st Baron Chatfield

texts:
 Russia were stronger than the strategic reasons for such an alliance. Chatfield responded: "...if for fear of making an alliance with Russia we drove that country into the German camp we should have made a mistake of vital and far-reaching importance".<mask> resigned as Minister for Coordination of Defence in April 1940 and subsequently chaired a committee on the evacuation of London's hospitals. He retired to his home at Farnham Common in Buckinghamshire and became Deputy Lieutenant of that county on 15 June 1951. He died at his home there on 15 November 1967. Family
In July 1909 he married Lillian Emma Matthews (d.1977); they had two daughters and a son. Their son, <mask>, succeeded his father as Baron <mask>. He followed him into the Royal Navy, serving as Aide-de-Camp to the Governor General of Canada between 1940 and 1945. The 2nd Baron settled in Victoria, British Columbia.Their elder daughter, Angela (Lady Donner) married Sir Patrick Donner MP. Their younger daughter, Katharine, married Henry Duckworth, son of Sir George Duckworth. Arms

References

Sources

Further reading

External links

 Transcription of Official Service Records on www.admirals.org.uk

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1873 births
1967 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Commanders of the Royal Victorian Order
Deputy Lieutenants of Buckinghamshire
Ernle family
First Sea Lords and Chiefs of the Naval Staff
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath
Lords of the Admiralty
Members of the Order of Merit
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Ministers in the Chamberlain peacetime government, 1937–1939
Ministers in the Chamberlain wartime government, 1939–1940
Peers created by George VI
People from Southsea
Royal Navy admirals of the fleet
Royal Navy officers of World War I
Military personnel

masks: Chatfield Ernle Chatfield


title: Ron Tabb

type: original

texts: <mask> (born August 7, 1954) <mask> is a retired male long-distance runner from the United States, who competed in the late 1970s and early 1980s in the men's marathon. He won the 1981 edition of the Paris Marathon ex-æquo with England's Dave Cannon. He won the 1983 Beijing Marathon and competed at the 1983 World Championships in Athletics later that year, finishing in 18th place overall. He qualified for the 1980 Olympic team but never competed due to the  U.S. boycott on the Moscow Games that year. He once held the fifth fastest marathon time ever run by an American. <mask> is a four time United States Olympic trials qualifier. He is one of only four Americans to run more than 20 marathons under 2:20 and he is one of two Americans to a win major marathon on five different continents.From 1981 through 1983 he was married to and coached Mary Decker. While overseeing Decker's training Mary set several world records both indoors and outdoors. Among the many records she set were the 1 mile, 3,000, 5,000, and 10,000. Decker remains the only athlete to ever accomplish this feat male or female. Born and raised in Lexington, Mo. <mask> began running track in the spring of his junior year. He immediately found success running the two mile where he set the L.H.S.school record which still stands as of 2020. <mask>'s success earned him an athletic scholarship to Central Missouri State University. At Central Missouri, <mask> broke every school record from the mile to 10,000 meters and he was a four time NCAA All American. After college, in 1977 <mask> set his sights on qualifying for the 1980

masks:
Ron Tabb
Ron
Tabb
Tabb
Tabb
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Tabb


title: Ron Tabb

texts:
 United States Olympic marathon trials and in January 1978 he won his first major marathon in Houston (2:17:11) setting a Texas state record and qualifying for the United States Olympic trials. In January 1980, <mask> again won the Houston Marathon (2:13:35) re-setting the mark he established in 1978, then in February he won the Mardi Gras Marathon in New Orleans (2:11:00) setting a Louisiana state marathon record which continues to stand in 2020. In April <mask> finished 3rd at the Boston Marathon (2:14:48), and in May <mask> went on to finish 4th at the Olympic Marathon (2:12:39) trails. In 1983 <mask> who had been self coached since 1977 began training under the legendary University of Oregon coach Bill Dellinger.Dellinger once coached the great Steve Prefontaine and he was coaching Alberto Salazar the current world record holder in the marathon. Under Dellinger's guidance <mask> became the fifth fastest marathon runner in United States history by finishing 2nd at the 1983 Boston Marathon (2:09:31). Entering 1984 <mask> was a favorite to win a medal in the Olympic Marathon but a series of injuries derailed his hopes. " Meb Keflezighi influenced  by <mask>bb
After former U.S. marathon star <mask> watched Meb training one afternoon in San Diego, <mask> told Meb that he would make a great marathoner some day. Meb thought <mask> was crazy. And the 26.2-mile distance too. Meb is "The only athlete in history to win the Boston Marathon, the New York City Marathon & an Olympic medal"

Fort Myers names former top marathoner <mask> new girls cross country coach
"A winner of 10 marathons in

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Ron Ta
Ron Tabb
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Ron Tabb


title: Ron Tabb

texts:
 a career that ended in 1992, <mask> posted top-10 finishes in the Boston and New York Marathons while winning the Paris and Beijing marathons.Upon retiring as a professional runner, <mask> took his running experience and began coaching at the college level. His first coaching job was at Cuyamaca Community College in El Cajon, CA. where in 1993 he coached his men's team to a California Cross Country State Championship and was named California Community Coach of the year. His men's team was the number one ranked Community College team in the nation. It was during this time when he began coaching a high school student/athlete named Meb Keflezighi. Under <mask>'s guidance Keflezighi led the nation in four events, 1600, 1 mile, 3200, and 2 mile. Keflezighi would follow <mask>'s footsteps becoming a marathon runner and become the first United States Olympic marathon medalist since Frank Shorter in 1976 winning the silver medal in 2004 in Athens, Greece.Keflezighi would represent the United States in four Olympic games and win both the Boston and New York City Marathons. <mask> also was also the head men's and women's Head Cross Country and Track Coach at NCAA D-III Pacific University in Forest Grove, Oregon where coached dozens of NCAA National qualifiers and several NCAA All-Americans. Achievements
 1983 Boston Marathon....2:09:31  2nd. 5th fastest marathon in U.S. history
 1983 N.Y. City Marathon.2:10:48  3rd. 1st American
 1983 Wang Australian Marathon..2:10:53 1st 2nd fastest marathon on Australian continent. 1980 Mardi Gras Marathon (New Orleans) 2:11:00 1st Louisiana state record.

masks: Tabb Tabb Tabb Tabb Tabb


title: Mick Avory

texts:
<mask> (born 15 February 1944) is an English musician, best known as the longtime drummer and percussionist for the English rock band the Kinks. He joined them shortly after their formation in 1964 and remained with them until 1984, when he left amid creative friction with guitarist Dave Davies. He is the longest-serving member of the band, apart from the Davies brothers. He is also the most prolific member, again apart from the Davies brothers, who has played on twenty studio albums or nearly all of the band's creative output. Before the band (1962–63)
Before he joined the Kinks, <mask> was a member of the band Bobby Angelo & The Tuxedos who had a No. 30 hit with "Baby Sittin'" in August 1961. After leaving that group, he was asked twice to rehearse on drums at the Bricklayers Arms pub in London during late May/early June 1962 for a group of musicians who were later to become the Rolling Stones.It has been said that he also went on to play at their first show at The Marquee Club on 12 July 1962, yet <mask> himself says "I think Tony Chapman did the gig at the Marquee. I didn't. I just rehearsed twice in the Bricklayers Arms in Soho." The Kinks (1964–1984)

Avory joined the Kinks in January 1964, after their previous drummer <mask> Willet left the band. <mask> was hired to replace him after their management saw an advertisement Avory had placed in the trade magazine Melody Maker. Despite his ability, early Kinks recordings (including hits such as "You Really Got Me") commonly did not feature Avory on drums; producer Shel Talmy hired more seasoned session drummers (most notably Clem Cattini and Bobby Graham) for studio work well

masks:
Michael Charles Avory
Avory
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Micky
Avory


title: Mick Avory

texts: into 1965, but with Avory often providing supporting percussion and he drummed on certain tracks on the first and third albums and all but one song on the second album Kinda Kinks. The first single A-side Avory played on was "Ev'rybody's Gonna Be Happy", and went on to play on all Kinks recordings from the 1966 album Face to Face until his departure in 1984.<mask> was always considered the quietest and most easy-going member of the Kinks lineup and was Ray Davies's best friend. However, his turbulent working relationship with guitarist Dave Davies resulted in many legendary onstage fights. In the most notorious (and widely mis-reported) incident, at the Capitol Theatre, Cardiff, South Wales, in 1965, <mask> hit Davies with his drum pedal (not the cymbal stand, which, according to later interviews with Avory "would have decapitated him"), in reprisal for Davies kicking over his drum kit as revenge for a drunken fight the previous night in a Taunton hotel, apparently won by <mask>. He then fled into hiding for days to avoid arrest for grievous bodily harm. On other occasions, fuming, he would hurl his drumsticks at Dave. According to Ray, their problems began during the time <mask> and Dave shared a flat in London for a short period in early 1965. Ultimately, the relationship between <mask> and the younger Davies brother deteriorated to the point where Avory left the band.By agreement with Ray Davies, he ceased performing and recording with the band in 1984, but accepted an invitation to manage Konk Studios, where the band and the Davies brothers record most of their records - a position he has held ever since. Ray explained the

masks: Avory Avory Mick Mick Avory


title: Mick Avory

texts:
 situation:

<mask> was replaced by Bob Henrit, former drummer with The Roulettes, Unit 4 + 2 and Argent. Later on, it would seem that Dave Davies and Avory settled their differences, as Avory subsequently played the drums on "Rock 'n' Roll Cities", a track on the Think Visual album written by Dave Davies. <mask> was asked to rejoin by Ray Davies, but he declined as he wanted a rest from the non-stop touring, working and performing schedule of two decades. Current work (1985–present)
In 1996, he started playing with The Kast Off Kinks, along with John Dalton, Dave Clarke (no relation to the Dave Clark of "The Dave Clark Five"), John Gosling and Jim Rodford. He has performed with them ever since. In the 1990s, he also formed Shut Up Frank with Clarke, Noel Redding and Dave Rowberry of The Animals.They toured extensively and recorded several albums. <mask> was inducted into both the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1990 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005, with original bassist Pete Quaife and the Davies brothers. By April 2004 at the request of The Animals, who were about to do their 40th anniversary tour, Chip Hawkes (formerly of The Tremeloes) was asked to form a band to tour along with them. This he did and brought together a true beat-era supergroup. The band features former original members of British 1960s groups, including <mask>, Eric Haydock (The Hollies) and Hawkes, who have now combined to perform as The Class of 64 (referring to the actual year the British Invasion took America by storm), also featuring guitarists 'Telecaster Ted' Tomlin and Graham Pollock. The band have toured around the world, and have recorded an

masks: Avory Avory Avory Avory


title: Mick Avory

texts:
 album of their former bands' hits. In 2007, <mask> left The Class of 64 and, with other former 64 members Haydock, Pollock, Tomlin, formed a new band called The Legends of the Sixties, adding Martin Lyon.<mask> made a special guest appearance onstage at Ray Davies' Royal Albert Hall performance on 10 May 2007. He played tambourine. Also guesting was Ian Gibbons, the former longtime Kinks keyboard player. Avory also plays in The '60s All Stars' band with British 1960s group members: John Dee (The Foundations), Alan Lovell (The Swinging Blue Jeans) and Derek Mandell (The George Harrison Band). The band can be seen playing regularly at the Cardinal Wolsey pub across the river from Avory's childhood suburb. <mask> was selected to pick up the sticks for From The Jam following Rick Buckler's departure, and toured with them in December 2009. Personal life
Avory lives in Kew, west London.<mask> also has a daughter, although he has claimed that she isn't "terribly musical." <mask> married Marliesa Mladek in January 2018. References

External links
 <mask>'s page at Drummerworld

1944 births
Living people
The Kinks members
English rock drummers
People from Molesey
People from Chipping Barnet
British rhythm and blues boom

masks:
Avory
Avory
Avory
Avory
Avory
Mick Avory


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
<mask> (1463 – 28 May 1509) was an Italian noblewoman, the Countess of Forlì and Lady of Imola, firstly with her husband Girolamo Riario, and after his death as a regent of her son Ottaviano. The descendant of a dynasty of noted condottieri, from an early age, <mask> distinguished herself through her bold and impetuous actions taken to safeguard her possessions from possible usurpers and to defend her dominions from attack, when they were involved in political intrigues. In her private life, <mask> was devoted to various activities, including experiments in alchemy and a love of hunting and dancing. She had many children, but only the youngest, Captain Giovanni delle Bande Nere, inherited his mother's forceful, militant personality. <mask>'s resistance to Cesare Borgia meant she had to face his fury and imprisonment. After she gained her freedom in Rome, she then went on to lead a quiet life in Florence. In the final years of her life, she confided to a monk: "Se io potessi scrivere tutto, farei stupire il mondo" (If I could write everything that happened, I would shock the world).Life

Childhood
<mask> <mask> was born in Milan in early 1463, the illegitimate daughter of Galeazzo Maria Sforza by his mistress, Lucrezia Landriani. It's believed that she spent the first years of her life with her mother's relatives. The bond between mother and daughter was never interrupted: in fact, Lucrezia followed <mask>'s growth and was always close to her in the crucial moments of her life, even in the final years that she spent in Florence. Upon the succession

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Caterina
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title: Caterina Sforza

texts: of Galeazzo <mask> as Duke of Milan in 1466, following the death of his father Francesco, Galeazzo arranged for his four children by Lucrezia Landriani to come to court: Carlo (born in 1461; later Count of Magenta), <mask>, Alessandro (born in 1465; later Lord of Francavilla), and Chiara (born in 1467; by her first marriage, she became Countess dal Verme di Sanguinetto and Lady of Vigevano; by her second marriage, she became Lady of Novi). The children were entrusted to their paternal grandmother, Bianca Maria Visconti. In 1466, Galeazzo had married Dorotea Gonzaga, but after her death he remarried to Bona of Savoy on 9 May 1468, who eventually adopted them all. At the Sforza court, frequented by writers and artists, <mask> and her siblings received a humanistic education.At that time, in the Italian courts, daughters of noble families received the same education as their brothers. In addition to Latin and the reading of the classics, as prescribed by her teachers, <mask> learned, especially from her paternal grandmother, to take pride in her warlike ancestors, to show boldness in the use of arms, and astuteness in the skill of government. From her adoptive mother, she received her share of the maternal warmth and affection that Bona of Savoy poured over all of the children of her husband; this continued – after <mask> had left the Milanese court – in the form of correspondence between the two women. The duke's family resided in Milan and in Pavia, and often stayed at Galliate or at Cusago, where Galeazzo Maria devoted himself to hunting. At one

masks:
Maria Sforza
Caterina
Caterina
Caterina
Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 or the other of the two places <mask> also probably acquired her lifelong passion for hunting. First marriage

In 1473, <mask> became betrothed to Girolamo Riario, the son of Paolo Riario and Bianca della Rovere, sister of Pope Sixtus IV (in office: 1471–1484). <mask> replaced her cousin, the 11-year-old Costanza Fogliani, as Girolamo's bride because, according to some historians, Costanza's mother Gabriella Gonzaga (illegitimate daughter of Marquis Ludovico III of Mantua) refused to allow the consummation of the marriage until Costanza reached the legal age—then 14—while <mask>, although only ten years old at that time, agreed with the demands of the groom; other sources instead reported that the marriage of <mask> and Girolamo was celebrated on 17 January 1473, but consummated four years later (1477) when <mask> reached the age of fourteen, without giving further details about the broken betrothal with Costanza.Pope Sixtus IV gave Girolamo the Lordship of Imola, already a Sforza city, but at the time a fief of the Riario family. After a triumphal entrance into Imola in 1477, <mask> went to Rome with her husband, where he lived for many years in the service of his uncle, the Pope. The following year, in March 1478, <mask> gave birth to her first child, a daughter named Bianca after both Girolamo's mother, Bianca della Rovere, and <mask>'s paternal grandmother, Bianca Maria Visconti. <mask> subsequently gave birth to five more children in the next nine years. In the Vatican court
At the end of the 15th century, Rome was no longer a medieval city,

masks: Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: but not yet the important centre of artistic endeavors it would become a few decades later as one of the most important cities of the Renaissance. Upon her arrival in May 1477, <mask> found a city full of cultural fervour, with a desire for renovation. The atmosphere was a mix of intrigue and power, which was pursued without scruples, with material interests far exceeding the spiritual.<mask> was banned by her husband from meddling in politics, but she quickly integrated—owing to her extroverted and sociable character—into aristocratic Roman society. As evidenced by correspondence from that period, <mask> immediately became admired as one of the most beautiful and elegant among noble Roman women. She was welcomed everywhere, treated with great respect and lavishly praised by all of society including the Pope, and she soon transformed from a simple adolescent into a refined and powerful intermediary between the Roman court and other Italian courts, especially Milan. Girolamo was given a leading position in the expansion policy of Pope Sixtus IV after the premature death of the Pope's favoured nephew, Cardinal Pietro Riario. His power grew daily, and he soon displayed increasing ruthlessness towards his enemies. In 1480, the Pope, with the objective of attaining a strong domain in the land of Romagna, assigned Girolamo the lordship of Forlì, which had remained vacant after it was sequestered from the Ordelaffi family. The new lord tried to earn the favour of the populace by erecting magnificent public buildings and churches, and by abolishing

masks: Caterina Caterina Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 taxes.The lives of <mask> and Girolamo changed abruptly with the death of Sixtus IV on 12 August 1484. Occupation of Castel Sant'Angelo
When Pope Sixtus IV died, rebellions and disorder immediately spread through Rome, including looting of his supporters' residences. Girolamo's residence, the Orsini palace in Campo de' Fiori, was stripped of its content and almost destroyed. In this time of anarchy, <mask>, who was in her seventh month of pregnancy, crossed the Tiber on horseback to occupy the rocca (fortress) of Castel Sant'Angelo on behalf of her husband. From this position and with the obedience of the soldiers, <mask> could monitor the Vatican and dictate the conditions for the new conclave. Meanwhile, the disorder in the city increased. A militia accompanied the arrival of the cardinals.The latter did not want to attend the funeral of Sixtus IV and refused to enter into conclave, for fear of coming under the fire of <mask>'s artillery. The situation was difficult because only the election of a new Pope would put an end to the violence in Rome. Unsuccessful attempts to persuade her to leave the fortress failed, as she was determined to give it only to the new Pope, saying that Pope Sixtus had bestowed its control to her family. Girolamo and his army occupied a strategic position at that point, yet could not implement an effective solution. The Sacred College asked Girolamo to leave Rome, offering in return the confirmation of his lordship over Imola and Forlì, the military post of captain-general of the Church, and 8,000 ducats in compensation

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title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 for the damages to his property. Girolamo accepted. When <mask> was informed of the decisions taken by her husband, she increased the quota of her soldiers and made preparations for resistance in order to force the cardinals to parley with her.The cardinals again approached Girolamo, who took up a position against his wife. On 25 October 1484, <mask> surrendered the fortress to the Sacred College and left Rome with her family. The Sacred College were then able to meet in conclave to elect the new Pope. Forlì
In Forlì, law and order had been maintained by <mask>'s uncle Ludovico il Moro Sforza, Duke of Milan. On their arrival, the Riarios learned of the election of Giovanni Battista Cybo, an old opponent, as Pope Innocent VIII. He confirmed Girolamo in his lordships of Imola and Forlì and his appointment as captain-general. That appointment, however, was only nominal; Girolamo had no real control over the papal army and Innocent VIII refused to pay Girolamo for leaving Rome.Despite the loss of income, Girolamo did not reinstate taxes on the people of Forlì. This situation lasted until the end of 1485, when the city government completely ran out of money. Girolamo, pressed by a member of the Council of Elders, Nicolò Pansecco, was forced to levy taxes. The taxes were deemed excessive by the population and led to Girolamo's increased unpopularity among all citizens of Forlì. The tax increase, which affected mainly the artisan class and landowners, added to the discontent that had previously been limited to the families who had suffered under


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 Girolamo's persecution of those whom he suspected of treachery. His enemies began to conspire against him with a view to making Franceschetto Cybo, the illegitimate son of Pope Innocent, lord of Imola and Forlì in his stead. Girolamo's death
After more than a half dozen failed attempts, Girolamo was killed on 14 April 1488 by a conspiracy led by the Orsis, a noble family of Forlì.The lord's palace was sacked, while <mask> and her children were made prisoners. The fortress of Ravaldino, a central part of the defensive system of the city, refused to surrender to the Orsis. <mask> offered to attempt to persuade the castellan, Tommaso Feo, to submit. The Orsis believed <mask> because she left her children as hostages, but once inside she let loose a barrage of vulgar threats and promises of vengeance against her former captors. According to one rumour, when they threatened to kill her children, <mask>, standing in the walls of the fortress exposed her genitals and said: "" ('Do it, if you want to: hang them even in front of me ... here I have what's needed to make others!'). This story, however, is most likely an untrue embellishment. The historical record tells that <mask>, in fact, said she was pregnant.Although her statement that she was pregnant is, by most historians, considered to have been a ruse, it rendered worthless any power the conspirators had in holding her children, Girolamo's legitimate heirs. Shocked by this response, the Orsis did not dare touch the Riario children. With the assistance of her uncle Ludovico il Moro (very interested

masks: Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 in securing some influence in the Romagna, to counter the influence of Venice), <mask> defeated her enemies and regained possession of her dominions. Lady of Imola and Forlì
On 30 April 1488, <mask> became regent for her eldest son Ottaviano, formally recognised by all the members of the Comune and the head of the magistrates as the new Lord of Forlì that day, but too young to exercise power directly. <mask>'s first act as Regent of Forlì was to avenge the death of her husband, according to the custom of the time. She ordered that all those involved in the Orsi conspiracy were to be imprisoned, along with the Pope's governor, Monsignor Savelli, all the pontifical generals, and the castellan of the fortress of Forlimpopoli, and also all women of the Orsis and other families who had assisted in the conspiracy. Soldiers sought out all who had taken part in the conspiracy.Houses owned by those imprisoned were razed while their valuables were distributed to the poor. On 30 July news came that Pope Innocent VIII had given Ottaviano Riario the official investiture of his state "until his line ended". In the meantime, Forlì was visited by Cardinal Raffaele Riario, officially to protect the orphan children of his late cousin Girolamo but actually, to oversee the government of <mask>. The young Countess personally dealt with all issues concerning the government of her city-state, both public and private. To consolidate her power, she exchanged gifts with the lords of neighbouring states and involved herself in marriage negotiations for her children. She


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: decreased taxes by reducing some and eliminating others, and sharply controlled her realm's spending. <mask> dealt directly with the training of her militia in the use of weapons and horses.It was her intention that her cities and towns be orderly and peaceful, and she expected her subjects to appreciate these efforts. The states of Forlì and Imola were smaller than the great Italian states but, due to their geographical position, had a considerable strategic importance on the political affairs. In those years there were significant events that changed the geopolitical situation of Italy. Lorenzo il Magnifico, whose shrewd policy had curbed claims and rivalries of the various Italian states,  died on 8 April 1492. Pope Innocent VIII also died on 25 July of that year, and was replaced by Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia, who took the name of Pope Alexander VI. His election seemed to strengthen <mask>'s rule. While she and her husband had lived in Rome, the Cardinal had often been a guest at their home, and he was godfather to Ottaviano.These events directly threatened the stability and peace in Italy. With the death of Lorenzo there came about friction between the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, leading up to the crisis of September 1494, when, incited by Ludovico il Moro, King Charles VIII of France entered into Italy to claim the Kingdom of Naples as the Anjou heir. At first Pope Alexander VI also gave his support to Charles's claim, leading to four years of war. During the conflict between Naples and Milan, <mask>, who knew that she was placed


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: in a strategic position of passage for anyone who wanted to go to the south, tried to remain neutral. She knew Forlì was exposed to invasion, located in a strategic position on the way to Rome. On one side, her uncle Ludovico had allied with Charles VIII; on the other side, Pope Alexander VI now opposed France's ambitions in Italy, and her brother-in-law, Cardinal Raffaele Riario, argued in favour of the incumbent King of Naples. After a meeting on 23 September 1494, <mask> was persuaded by the Duke of Calabria Ferrandino d'Aragona to support King Alfonso II of Naples and prepared to defend Imola and Forlì.To cause the break between the two was then the so-called sack of Mordano, which took place between 20 and 21 October: around the city of Mordano they had gathered between fourteen thousand to sixteen thousand French to encircles it with siege and at the same time to trap Ferrandino, who having a smaller number of men would almost certainly have been defeated. He therefore, understanding the situation, on the advice of his generals decided not to respond to the countess's requests for help. <mask>, very angry, considered herself betrayed by the Neapolitan allies and passed on the side of the French, who had devastated her lands and torn her subjects, therefore Ferrandino, having learned the news, under a hijacked rain was forced to leave Faenza with his men and to get on the way to Cesena. Note in this regard the chronicler forlivese Leone Cobelli that, while Ferrandino always behaved honestly, <mask> sent men behind him to rob him, albeit


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texts:
 unsuccessfully:

Charles VIII, however, preferred to avoid the Romagna and cross the Apennines, following the road of the Cisa pass. The Kingdom of Naples was conquered by the French army in only 13 days. This frightened the Italian principalities, and they formed the League of Venice against Charles VIII. The League defeated the French King at the Fornovo and he was forced to retreat to France.This time, <mask> managed to remain neutral. By not participating in the expulsion of the French, she maintained the support of both her uncle Ludovico in Milan (now legitimate Duke of Milan) and also that of the Pope. Second marriage
Two months after the death of Girolamo, a rumour was spread that <mask> was close to marrying Antonio Maria Ordelaffi, who had started to court her. This marriage would end the claims of the Ordelaffi family on the city of Forlì. Antonio Maria, feeling confident, wrote to the Duke of Ferrara that the Countess promised to marry him. When <mask> saw how things stood, she imprisoned those who had spread the false news. These promises were addressed by the Senate in Venice, which summoned Antonio Maria to Friuli, where he remained confined for ten years.In point of fact, <mask> had fallen in love with Giacomo Feo, the brother of Tommaso Feo, the castellan who had remained faithful to her after the assassination of her husband. <mask> married him in 1488, but secretly, to avoid losing custody of her children and the regency of her dominions. All the contemporary chronicles reported that <mask> was madly in love with the young

masks: Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: Giacomo. It was feared that she could strip her son Ottaviano of his future lordship, in order to give it to her lover and secret husband. Giacomo was appointed castellan of the fortress of Ravaldino in place of his brother, and was awarded with an order of chivalry from Ludovico il Moro. In April 1489, <mask> gave birth to Giacomo's son, Bernardino, later called Carlo in honour of King Charles VIII, who had made Giacomo a baron of France. Also, she had replaced the castellans of the fortresses of her dominions with her closest relatives: the fortress of Imola was given to Gian Piero Landriani, her stepfather, and the fortress of Forlimpopoli to Piero Landriani, her half-brother, while Tommaso Feo was married to Bianca Landriani, <mask>'s half-sister.At Tossignano, a conspiracy was formed to seize the fortress in the name of Ottaviano, and murder both Giacomo and <mask>. The Countess discovered the plot and imprisoned or executed those who were involved. Immediately after this conspiracy was foiled, another plot was organised by Antonio Maria Ordelaffi, who had never become resigned to the loss of Forlí, but this also failed. Giacomo's power increased, and with his cruelty and insolence he incurred the hatred of all, including <mask>'s children. On one occasion, in full view of the public, he slapped Ottaviano (the rightful Lord of Forlì), but nobody had the courage to defend the boy. After this incident, adherents of Ottaviano decided to liberate the city from the domination of Giacomo Feo. Gian Antonio Ghetti and some of <mask>'s own children


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 formed a conspiracy.On the evening of 27 August 1495, <mask>, Giacomo Feo, and their entourage were returning from a hunt. <mask>, her daughter Bianca Riario and some of her ladies-in-waiting rode in a carriage, followed on horseback by Giacomo, Ottaviano, and his brother Cesare and many staffieri and soldiers. Agents of the conspiracy attacked and mortally wounded Giacomo. The same day, Ghetti went to <mask>, thinking that she had secretly given the order to kill Giacomo. <mask> was unaware of the plot, and her revenge was terrible. When her first husband was murdered, she avenged his death according to the justice of the time; now she reacted with vindictive fury. She was not satisfied with mere executions: their deaths had to be among the most cruel and painful.Catherine even slaughtered the children, infants and pregnant women of the conspirators. Thus Marin Sanudo, who says it is "cruelest":Thirty-eight people were executed for the crime - including Ghetti and his wife and children - and many others imprisoned or exiled. <mask>'s fury blinded her to the politics that had inspired the plot. It had involved almost all the supporters of Ottaviano Riario, who were convinced that <mask> had given her tacit consent to the killing of the man who was considered the "usurper" of the state's rightful ruler. They had wanted to uphold the power of the Riario family. As a result of the massacre which followed the assassination of Giacomo Feo, <mask> lost, forever, the good will of her people. Third marriage
In 1496, the ambassador of the Republic of

masks: Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: Florence, Giovanni de' Medici il Popolano, paid a visit to Caterina.The second son of Pierfrancesco il Vecchio, he belonged to a collateral branch of the Medici family. Along with his older brother Lorenzo, he had been sent into exile because of his open hostility toward their cousin Piero, who succeeded his father Lorenzo il Magnifico in the government of Florence. In 1494, when Charles VIII invaded Italy, Piero was forced to sign a treaty which allowed the French army to move freely into the Kingdom of Naples. The people of Florence were liberated, deposed Piero and proclaimed a Republic. Giovanni and his brother were able to return to their homeland. They renounced the Medici surname and took the name of "Popolano". The Florentine government appointed Giovanni as ambassador to Forlì.Shortly after coming to Forlì, Giovanni and his entourage were housed in the apartments adjacent to <mask>'s in the fortress of Ravaldino. The rumours of a possible marriage between Giovanni and <mask> and that Ottaviano Riario had accepted the post of Condottiero from Florence threatened the Venetians, and alarmed the lords of the League and the Duke of Milan. <mask> could not hide her wedding plans and her own feelings from her uncle Ludovico; she truly fell in love with the handsome, charming, and intelligent Giovanni. The situation differed from the previous one as this time <mask> had the approval of her children and she also obtained the consent of her uncle. The marriage of two people from such powerful families, however, was likely to arouse opposition, so


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 they were wed in secret in September 1497. In April 1498, <mask> bore Giovanni a son, the last of her children. The child was baptised as Ludovico after his mother's uncle, the Duke of Milan, but later he became known by the name Giovanni delle Bande Nere.Meanwhile, affairs between Florence and Venice were getting worse and <mask>, who occupied the main route between the two cities, prepared her defences. She sent a contingent of knights to the aid of Florence, led by Giovanni and her eldest son, Ottaviano Riario, accompanied by men she had trained herself. Giovanni became seriously ill and was compelled to leave the battlefield and return to Forlì. There, despite treatment, his condition deteriorated and he was transferred to Santa Maria in Bagno, where he hoped for a miraculous recovery. On 14 September 1498, Giovanni died in the presence of <mask>, who had been summoned urgently to attend him. Giovanni's death left <mask> alone to face the Borgias. Defence against Venice
After having returned to Forlì in order to make preparations for the defence of her states, <mask> was occupied by military concerns, especially logistics.Training the militia was executed by the Countess in person. To find additional money and troops, she wrote to her uncle Ludovico, the Republic of Florence and the neighbouring states who were her allies. Only the Marquis of Mantua and Ludovico il Moro sent a small contingent of soldiers. The latter sent two very valid leaders:  and , but <mask> was not able to manage the grumpy and angry character of the first: she


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 complained about it with her uncle, saying that Fracasso constantly quarreled with his brother and with the other captains, who did what he wanted and spoke badly of her; even one day he threatened to leave, offended by some of his words. Ludovico invited her to be patient, because, although he said "some bad words", they could not find a better leader than him. After an initial attack by the Venetians, which inflicted severe destruction, <mask>'s army managed to outmanoeuvre them. Afterwards, the war continued with minor skirmishes until the Venetians were able to circumvent Forlì to reach Florence by another route.Because of this staunch defence, <mask> Sforza gained the nickname of "" ('The Tiger'). Capture by Cesare Borgia
In the meantime, Louis XII had succeeded to the French throne. Louis claimed the rights both to the Duchy of Milan as a grandson of Valentina Visconti, and to the Kingdom of Naples as heir to the House of Anjou. Before starting his campaign in Italy, Louis XII secured an alliance with Savoy, the Republic of Venice, and Pope Alexander VI. In the summer of 1499, he came to Italy with a formidable army; without having to fight a single battle, he occupied Piedmont, as well as Genoa and Cremona. On 6 October, he settled in Milan, which had been abandoned the previous month by Duke Ludovico, who fled to the Tyrol under the protection of his nephew-by-marriage Emperor Maximilian I.

Alexander VI allied himself with Louis XII in return for the King's support in establishing Alexander's son Cesare Borgia, the Duke of Valentinois, as

masks: Caterina Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: ruler in Romagna. Alexander issued a Papal Bull on 9 March 1499 to invalidate the investiture of the feudal lords, including Caterina.When the French army left Milan with Cesare to begin the conquest of Romagna, Ludovico il Moro regained the Duchy with the help of the Austrians. <mask> sought relief from Florence against the approaching French army, but Florence was threatened by the Pope, so she was left alone to defend herself. She immediately began to recruit and train many soldiers and began to store weapons, ammunition and food. She reinforced the defences, especially that of Ravaldino where she resided and which was already considered impenetrable. She also sent her children to Florence. On 24 November, Cesare Borgia arrived in Imola. The city gates were opened by the inhabitants, and he was able to take possession, after having conquered the fortress where the castellan Dionigi Naldi of Brisighella had resisted for several days.After seeing what had happened there, <mask> asked the people of Forlì if they also wanted to capitulate to Borgia, or if they wanted to be defended and endure the resulting siege. Because the people hesitated in answering, <mask> absolved the citizens of Forlì of their oath of fealty, and sealed herself in Ravaldino. On 19 December, the Duke of Valentinois took possession of Forlì and began the siege of the fortress. <mask> repeatedly refused all offers of peace, from Cesare and from Cardinal Riario. In response, Cesare offered 10,000 ducats for her, dead or alive. <mask> tried to capture Cesare when he came near


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 the fortress to talk to her, but the attempt failed. For several days the artillery of both factions engaged in a mutual bombardment: <mask>'s cannon inflicted heavy losses on the French army, but the French artillery damaged the defences of the main fortress.What was destroyed during the day was rebuilt during the night. <mask>'s solitary resistance was admired throughout all Italy; Niccolò Machiavelli reports that many songs and epigrams were composed in her honour. All were lost except that of Marsilio Compagnon. As time passed without decisive results, Cesare changed his tactics. His troops bombarded the walls of the fortress continuously, even at night. After six days, they opened two breaches in the walls. On 12 January 1500, his forces stormed the fortress.The bloody battle was quick and decisive, and <mask> continued to resist, fighting with weapons in hand until she was taken prisoner. Among the gentlemen who were caught together with her, was her secretary, Marcantonio Baldraccani. Immediately she surrendered herself to Antoine Bissey (the bailli of Dijon) as a prisoner of the French, as she knew there was a law that prevented French forces from holding women as prisoners of war. According to Machiavelli, the defense operations were misdirected by Giovanni da Casale:  "The poorly built fortress and the scant prudence of the defender, therefore, brought disgrace to the magnanimous enterprise of the Countess ...". Rome
Cesare obtained custody of <mask> from the French general, Yves d'Allègre, promising that he would treat her not as a


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 prisoner but as a guest. <mask> and her entourage were therefore forced to go with the army that was preparing to conquer Pesaro. The conquest had to be postponed because on 5 February Ludovico il Moro returned to Milan, forcing French troops to turn back.Cesare departed alone with the Papal army for Rome, where he took <mask>. In Rome, she was held in the Belvedere Palace. Towards the end of March, <mask> tried to escape but she was discovered and immediately imprisoned at Castel Sant'Angelo. In the prison of Castel Sant'Angelo
To justify Caterina's imprisonment, Pope Alexander VI accused her of trying to kill him in November 1499 with letters impregnated with poison, as a response to the Papal bull which had deprived the countess of her fiefdoms. Even today it is not known if the accusation was founded or not. Machiavelli believed that <mask> had tried to poison the Pope, while other historians, such as Jacob Burckhardt and Ferdinand Gregorovius, are not certain. An inconclusive and unfinished trial took place, and <mask> remained imprisoned until 30 June 1501, when she was released by Yves d'Allègre, who had come to Rome with the army of Louis XII for the conquest of the Kingdom of Naples.Alexander VI alleged that <mask> signed documents renouncing all of her fiefs, because in the meantime his son Cesare, with the acquisition of Pesaro, Rimini, and Faenza, was appointed Duke of Romagna. After a brief stay in the residence of Cardinal Riario, <mask> embarked from Livorno to Florence, where her children were waiting for her. Florence
In Florence,


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: <mask> lived in the villas which had belonged to her third husband Giovanni de' Medici, often staying at the Villa Medici di Castello. Soon, she complained of being mistreated and living in a strained financial situation. For many years she conducted a legal battle against her brother-in-law Lorenzo de' Medici for the custody of her son Giovanni, who was entrusted to him during her detention. In 1504, her son was finally returned to her, because the judge recognized that her confinement as a prisoner of war was not comparable to the detention of a criminal. With the death of Pope Alexander VI on 18 August 1503, Cesare Borgia lost all his power.This reopened the possibility of restoring to power all the old feudal lords of the Romagna who had been deposed. <mask> lost no time in sending letters to adherents, and pleaded her case to Pope Julius II in her own name and that of her son Ottaviano Riario. The new Pope was favourable to restoring the lordships of Imola and Forlì to the Riarios, but the populace of both cities declared that a majority of the people opposed the return of the Countess, so that the domain passed instead to Antonio Maria Ordelaffi on 22 October 1503. After having lost her last chance to return to her former power, <mask> spent the last years of her life dedicated to her children, in particular to her youngest son Giovanni (her favourite and the most like her in personality and character). She also conducted a series of experiments in alchemy, the results of which were recorded in a manuscript titled "Gli Experimenti de la


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 Ex.ma S.r Caterina da Furlj Matre de lo inllux.mo S.r Giouanni de Medici", or "Gli Experimenti". The book, dating back to 1500, contains a total of 454 recipes, roughly 66 of which are cosmetic related, 358 medicinal, and 38 alchemical. Her experimental activities situate her at the origins of a Medici interest that stretched well into the seventeenth century.Death and burial
In April 1509 <mask> was stricken by a severe case of pneumonia. She appeared to have recovered, but had a relapse of the disease, after which she made her will and arranged her burial. At the age of forty-six years, "The Tiger of Forlì", who had "frightened all of Romagna", died on 28 May 1509. Her body was placed in a small tomb in the chapel of Le Murate in Florence, a convent of nuns whom <mask> had befriended during her time in that city, and where she had kept a cell as a spiritual retreat. During the 1830s the nuns were forced to leave the property, and in 1845 it was redesigned as a prison. Sometime during this renovation, <mask>'s bones disappeared. Appearance and personality
This is how the Florentine historian Bartolomeo Cerretani describes her:

"She was wise, animose, great: complex, beautiful face, she spoke little; he wore a satin robe with two arms of trawl, a black velvet caper on the French, a man's girdle, and scarsella full of golden ducats; a sickle for the use of retort next to it, and among the soldiers at the foot, and on horseback was feared much, because that Woman with weapons in hand was proud and cruel.She was the non-legitimate daughter of Count


title: Caterina Sforza

texts: Francesco Sforza, the first captain of his time and to whom he was very similar in soul and daring, and he did not lack, being adorned with singular virtue, of some vice not small nor vulgar". Marin Sanudo called her "female almost virago, cruelest", in relation to the massacre she made of the children and pregnant women of the conspirators, following the death of her second husband Giacomo Feo. The leader  says she is "cunning", ready to change parties on the occasion, but specifies that "to be a woman she is not without fear of her own things". The future cardinal Bernardo Dovizi da Bibbiena, in a letter in which he narrates to Piero de' Medici the "strange takeover" of Caterina with the Duke of Calabria Ferrandino d'Aragona (which took place on September 23, 1494), described her ugly in the face, bringing back in this the impressions of Ferrandino himself. In fact, although <mask> had a reputation among posterity as a woman of great beauty, the medals of the time depict a woman with masculine traits and somewhat corpulent. Around 1502, according to an informant of Isabella d'Este, <mask> was "so fat that I could not make the comparison". Corpulence was, moreover, very common within the Sforza family: <mask>'s father Galeazzo Maria himself, to whom <mask> was very similar, did not wear the cuirass that would perhaps have saved him from death - which he went to meet - "so as not to seem too fat".He had also inherited from the Sforza the typical important nose, slightly bead, and the protruding chin. Her hair had to be wavy and it seems that she


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 kept it gathered behind her head, but it is not known for sure if she was blonde and clear in natural complexion or if she obtained these results through her own mixtures. This does not alter the fact that the blond was very frequent among members of the Sforza family. Issue
From her first marriage with Girolamo Riario, <mask> had six children:
 Bianca (b. Rome, March 1478 – d. after 1522), married firstly in 1494, Astorre III Manfredi, Lord of Faenza (d. 1502), and secondly in 1503, Troilo I de' Rossi (d. 1521), the first Marchese di San Secondo From her second marriage, she had nine children. Ottaviano (b. Rome, 31 August 1479 – d. Bologna, 6 October 1523), Lord of Imola and Forlì (1488–99), later Bishop of Volterra and Viterbo
 Cesare (b. Rome, 24 August 1480 – d. Rome, 18 December 1540), Archbishop of Pisa and Patriarch of Alexandria
 Giovanni Livio (b. Forlì, 30 October 1484 – d. 1496)
 Galeazzo Maria (b. Forlì, 4 December 1485 – d. Bologna, 1557), married in 1504, Maria Giovanna della Rovere (b. Senigallia, 1486 – d. Bologna 1538), Dowager Lady of Camerino, and eldest sister of Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino. They had a daughter, Giulia, and a son, Giulio (d. 1565). Their descendants, who later received a ducal title, became extinct in the male line with Francesco Maria Riario della Rovere in 1676.Francesco, called "Sforzino" (b. Imola, 17 August 1487 – d. after 1509), Bishop of Lucca

From her second marriage with Giacomo Feo, <mask> had one son:
 Bernardino (later Carlo) (b. April 1489 – d. 1509)

From her third marriage to


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 Giovanni de' Medici, <mask> had one son:
 Ludovico (b. Forlì, 6 April 1498 – d. Mantua, 30 November 1526), renamed Giovanni after the death of his father, one of the greatest condottieri of his time and a national hero, known as "Giovanni delle Bande Nere". He married Maria Salviati (17 July 1499 – 29 December 1543), the daughter of Jacopo Salviati and Lucrezia di Lorenzo de' Medici. Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1519–1574) was their son. In June 1537, 28 years after <mask>'s death, her grandson Cosimo de' Medici, the only son of her own son Giovanni, became the Duke of Florence and in 1569, the Grand Duke of Tuscany. Through him, <mask> was the direct ancestress of the later Grand Dukes of Tuscany, the Dukes of Modena and Reggio, and the Kings of Spain and France. Legacy
In her book The Warrior Queens: Boadicea's Chariot, British historian Antonia Fraser presents <mask> Sforza as a contrasting figure to her contemporary Isabella I of Castile. Fraser points out that whilst the murders ordered by <mask> were no worse than the massacres ordered by Isabella, historians have been much harsher in their judgment of the former.Fraser accounts for this by pointing out that Isabella's actions were sanctioned by the Church, as they were carried out in the name of Catholicism, whilst <mask>'s were motivated by the personal, secular desire to preserve her property and rights. In fiction
<mask> serves as the supposed inspiration for Catalina, a countryside criminal in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas, who later rises to drug underworld ranks in the


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 events of Grand Theft Auto III, which released before San Andreas. <mask> is the subject of the 2010 historical novel Scarlet Contessa, by Jeanne Kalogridis. In the 2011 Showtime series The Borgias she is portrayed by Gina McKee; the show takes significant dramatic liberties with the details surrounding the siege undertaken in the name of Alexander VI. Her capture by Cesare Borgia is the final episode of Season 3, which was also the last-ever episode due to the show's cancellation. In the series Borgia, also known as Borgia: Faith and Fear, she is portrayed by Valentina Cervi. In the third season of Medici (TV Series), she appears as a young woman, married to her first husband, the major antagonist Girolamo Riario.She is portrayed by Rose Williams. <mask> <mask> appears as a minor character in the 2009 historically set video game Assassin's Creed II and its novelization, Assassin's Creed: Renaissance. She plays a larger role in "The Battle of Forlì" downloadable content pack, wherein she is aided in the titular battle by the game's protagonist Ezio Auditore. <mask> also appears in the 2010 sequel game Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood and its novelization, as a sometime love interest to Ezio Auditore. Three missions are dedicated to Ezio rescuing her from her imprisonment in the Castel Sant'Angelo. A fictionalised account of <mask> <mask>'s capture by Cesare Borgia features in Sarah Dunant's 2013 novel Blood & Beauty. In Machiavelli
<mask> is one of the few women discussed by Machiavelli at length.The incident of her having shown her genitalia in

masks: Caterina Caterina Sforza Caterina Caterina Sforza Caterina


title: Caterina Sforza

texts:
 regaining the fortress of Ravaldino was recounted at some length by him in his Discourses on Livy, and his Florentine Histories, while being only briefly mentioned in his Prince. Elizabeth Lev wrote on the matter in her biography of <mask> Sforza, The Tigress of Forli. Lev took the position that Machiavelli's account on the matter, being quite vulgar, may in fact have been more a reflection of his own dislike of <mask>. Indeed, Machiavelli had met the countess as a young diplomat and had not fared well. Various historical records tells us instead that <mask> claimed that even if they killed her children, she had everything that was needed to make another one and to prove that, she lifted up her skirts and showed her genitalia, thereby neutralising the conspirators' power in holding her children hostage. See also
 House of Sforza

Notes

References

Bibliography

 Machiavelli: The Discourses, English translation by Fr Leslie J. Walker, S.J. (1929).The countess is featured in Bk III, Ch 6 in relating examples of dangers that can arise subsequent to a successful conspiracy. Elizabeth Lev: The Tigress of Forli: Renaissance Italy's Most Courageous And Notorious Countess, <mask> Riario Sforza De' Medici. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011. .
 Antonio Perria: I terribili Sforza. Trionfo e fine di una grande dinastia, Milano, Sugar Co Edizioni Srl, 1981. Cinzia Demi: <mask> Sforza, Fara, 2010. Frédérique Verrier: <mask> Sforza et Machiavel ou l'origine du monde, Vecchiarelli, 2010. Cesare Marchi: Giovanni delle Bande Nere, Milano,


title: Luis Recasens

texts:
<mask> (1903, in Guatemala City – 1977) was a Spanish politician and a legal philosopher. A professor at the universities of Santiago, Salamanca, Valladolid, and Madrid, he held major positions in the Spanish government in the 1930s. After the victory of Franco in the Spanish Civil War, he went into exile in Mexico, where he was a professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and at El Colegio de México. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Guatemala City on June 19, 1903, the son of Pedro Recaséns Girol and Concepción Siches Gils, both originally from Spain. After two years he was taken to Spain, where from 1908 to 1912 he attended the Primary School of Barcelona. He then studied at the General and Technical Institute of Barcelona, from which he received a baccalaureate in July 1918, and at the University of Barcelona, which in 1924 awarded him both a law degree and a Bachelor of Arts and Philosophy degree. In 1924-25 he studied for a doctoral degree at the Faculty of Law at the Central University of Madrid, and wrote a dissertation about the influence of Catholic thought on legal philosophy, with special reference to the work of Francisco Suárez.From June to August 1925, on a scholarship from the Spanish government, he studied the philosophy of law at the University of Rome under the direction of Professor Giorgio del Vecchio. From November 1925 to November 1926, also on a Spanish government scholarship, he studied the philosophy of law and related subjects at the University of Berlin under Rudolf Stammler, Rudolf Smend, Heinrich Maier, and Romano Guardini. From November 1926 to April 1927 he continued his scholarship-funded studies in law, philosophy, and sociology at the University of Vienna, under the direction of professors Hans Kelsen, Fritz Schreier, Felix Kaufmann and R. Reininger. Philosophy of law
In his philosophy of law, he was a disciple of Jose Ortega y Gasset. He described the role of the judiciary as creative, in that it applies the abstractions of law, as formulated by the legislative

masks:
Luis Pedro Alejandro Recasens Siches
Luis Pedro Alejandro Recaséns Siches


title: Luis Recasens

texts:
 Lecciones de sociología, Mexico City, 1948. Latin-American Legal Philosophy, with Carlos Cossio, Llambías de Azevedo, and Eduardo García Máynez, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1948. Nueva filosofía de la interpretación del derecho, Mexico City, 1956.Tratado general de sociología, Mexico City, 1956. Tratado general de filosofía del derecho, Mexico City, 1959. Panorama del pensamiento jurídico en el siglo XX, Mexico City, 1963. El pensamiento jurídico anglosajón y el europeo, Madrid, 1965. Introducción al Estudio del Derecho, Mexico City, 1970. La naturaleza del pensamiento jurídico, Madrid, 1971. Translations
Recaséns also translated books by Alois Fischer and Raul Richter, Hans Kelsen, Giorgio Vecchio, Paul Barth, Josef L. Kunz, Emil Brunner, and others.Death
<mask> Siches died in Mexico City on July 4, 1977, of a myocardial infarction complicated by non-traumatic respiratory failure. He is buried in the Pantheon Garden. After his death, the Spanish jurist Joaquín Ruiz Giménez said of him: "His humanism was radically personalist, liberal in the deepest sense, but his human sensibility led him to be repelled by socio-economic injustices and he longed for an authentic democracy that increasing combined freedom and equality.”

Personal life
He spoke French, English, German and Italian. He first married Juana María Casielles Pañeda, a Spaniard, from whom he was later divorced without issue. On March 27, 1943, he married Martha Díaz de León Hernández, a native of Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico, with whom he had two children: Sebastián, who died young, and <mask> Recaséns Díaz de León, who was born in Mexico City, on February 23, 1944. <mask>a married Dr. Pedro B. Crevenna Horney, with whom she had three children, Andrea, Claudia and Matías; after divorcing Crevenna, she wed Arnoldo Martínez Verdugo, a Mexican politician. References

1903 births
1977 deaths
People from Guatemala City
Liberal Republican Right politicians
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in

masks:
Luis Recaséns
Martha Luisa
Martha Luis


title: Huo Guang

texts:
<mask> (; died 68 BC), courtesy name Zimeng (子孟), was a Chinese military general and politician of the Western Han dynasty who was a rare example in Chinese history of a powerful official who deposed an emperor for the good of the state rather than to usurp the throne. He was the half-brother of renowned Han dynasty general <mask>ng, and one of the most powerful consort kin in Chinese imperial history. Service under Emperor Wu

<mask> was born to <mask>ru and he had a half-brother named <mask>ubing, a renowned general. His step-aunt was Empress Wei Zifu, the second Empress of Emperor Wu of Han. <mask>'s early career in Han government was not well documented, but it is known that as of 88 BC—near the end of Emperor Wu's reign, he was already a high-ranked official with dual titles of Fengche Duwei (奉車都尉) and Guanglu Dafu (光祿大夫). When Emperor Wu, near the end of his life, chose his youngest son Liu Fuling (later Emperor Zhao) as heir, he commissioned <mask>, ethnically-Xiongnu official Jin Midi, and imperial guard commander Shangguan Jie (上官桀) as coregents, but with <mask> effectively in command of the government, with the titles of dasima (大司馬) and dajiangjun (大將軍). When Emperor Wu died in 87 BC, Emperor Zhao, then eight years old, was left in the tutelage of <mask>, Jin, and Shangguan.Emperor Wu's will created the three of them as marquesses, but all three declined. Service under Emperor Zhao and Control of power as regent

As Emperor Zhao was the youngest son of Emperor Wu, this created conflict and ill will with his older brothers, and in his reign there were multiple conspiracies. In 86 BC, a conspiracy involving Liu Dan (劉旦), Prince of Yan, and an elder son of Emperor Wu, was discovered, but the prince

masks:
Huo Guang
Huo Qubi
Huo Guang
Huo Zhong
Huo Q
Huo
Huo
Huo
Huo


title: Huo Guang

texts:
 was not punished, presumably under <mask>'s decision, even though the other conspirators were executed. In 85 BC, <mask> was created the Marquess of Bolu (博陆侯). In the same year, Jin, a moderating influence in the co-regency, died. After Jin's death, Shangguan became increasingly jealous of <mask>'s powers, even though the two had been great friends, and <mask> had given his daughter in marriage to Shangguan's son Shangguan An (上官安). In 84 BC, as a ploy to further strengthen his powers, Shangguan Jie gave his granddaughter (also <mask>'s granddaughter), then age five, in marriage to the emperor, then age 11, and she was made empress in 83 BC.In 80 BC, the growing conflict between <mask> and Shangguan came to a head. Shangguan formed a conspiracy with Liu Dan, the Prince of Yan, the Princess Eyi (鄂邑公主) (who, as the emperor's sister, had served as his guardian), and another important official Sang Hongyang (桑弘羊) to make false allegations of treason against <mask>. However, Emperor Zhao, who trusted <mask>, did not act on the allegations. The conspirators then planned a coup d'etat, but were discovered. Most of the conspirators, including Shangguan, were executed, and Liu Dan and the Princess Eyi were forced to commit suicide. The Prince He Incident and the installation of Emperor Xuan

In 74 BC, Emperor Zhao died at age 21 without issue. Even though Emperor Zhao had living older brothers, <mask> considered them incompetent and unfit for the throne.After some investigation, he settled on making Liu He, Emperor Zhao's nephew and the Prince of Changyi the new emperor. Once the Prince of Changyi was installed as the emperor, however, he began to spend incessantly and otherwise act inappropriately during the

masks: Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo


title: Huo Guang

texts:
 period of mourning for Emperor Zhao. In response, <mask> decided to depose the new emperor, an unprecedented action in Chinese history. Under an edict issued by Empress Dowager Shangguan (<mask>'s granddaughter), Prince He was deposed after just 28 days as emperor and exiled to his old principality of Changyi, but without a princely title. There was no imperial heir who met <mask>'s standard of a diligent and skilled emperor. At the suggestion of another senior official Bing Ji (丙吉), <mask> made a great-grandson of Emperor Wu, Liu Bingyi (later Liu Xun 劉詢) emperor, taking the name Emperor Xuan.. Liu Bingyi's grandfather Liu Ju had been Emperor Wu's crown prince by Empress Wei but subsequently had fallen out of favour and been killed, with his issue being removed from the imperial household. Service under Emperor Xuan

In 73 BC, <mask> offered to return all authority to Emperor Xuan, but the emperor declined and reaffirmed that all important matters were to be presented to <mask> before <mask> would present them to the emperor.The emperor also made <mask>'s son <mask> Yu (霍禹) and his grandnephews <mask> Yun (霍雲) and <mask> Shan (霍山) (<mask> Qubing's grandsons) key officials in his administration. <mask> <mask>'s sons-in-law Fan Mingyou (范明友) and Deng <mask> (鄧廣漢) were made high military commanders. During the next few years, <mask> and the emperor effectively shared imperial powers. In 71 BC, <mask> <mask>'s wife, Lady Xian (顯), in order to make her daughter <mask> Chengjun (霍成君) empress, poisoned Emperor Xuan's wife Empress Xu Pingjun by bribing her doctor. In 70 BC, <mask> Chengjun was created empress. Despite Emperor Xuan's outward respect towards <mask> <mask>, it was recorded that he feared <mask>, and

masks: Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo Guang Guanghan Huo Huo Guang Huo Huo Huo Guang Huo


title: Huo Guang

texts:
 regarded him as "a thorn in (his) back" (芒刺在背, "mang ci zai bei"). This, combined with <mask> <mask>'s unwillingness to rein in his clansmen, would prove disastrous to the Huo clan.Death and subsequent destruction of the Huo clan

In 68 BC, <mask> <mask> became ill and died. Emperor Xuan and Empress Dowager Shangguan made the nearly-unprecedented act of personally attending <mask>'s wake and built an impressive mausoleum for <mask>. After <mask>'s death, his sons, sons-in-law, and grandnephews remained in important posts and were made marquesses. His wife, after a period of mourning, formed a passionate relationship with <mask> <mask>'s slave master, Feng Zidu, himself a former lover of <mask> Guang. The Huo family lived luxurious lives similar to the imperial household. Emperor Xuan, unhappy about the Huos' perceived arrogance, began to gradually strip their actual powers while letting them keep their formal titles. In 67 BC, Emperor Xuan made his son Liu Shi (劉奭, later Emperor Yuan), by the deceased Empress Xu, crown prince, an act that greatly angered Lady Xian, who instructed her daughter to murder the crown prince.Allegedly, Empress <mask> did make multiple attempts to do so, but failed each time. Around this time, the emperor also heard rumours that the Huos had murdered Empress Xu, which led him to further strip the Huos of actual power. In 66 BC, Lady Xian revealed to her son and grandnephews that she had, indeed, murdered Empress Xu. In fear of what the emperor might do if he had actual proof, Lady Xian, her son, her grandnephews, and her sons-in-law formed a conspiracy to depose the emperor. The conspiracy was discovered, and the entire Huo clan was executed by Emperor Xuan. This act later drew

masks: Huo Guang Huo Guang Huo Huo Huo Huo Guang Huo Huo


title: Huo Guang

texts:
 heavy criticism from historians, such as Sima <mask> in his Zizhi Tongjian, for its ungratefulness to <mask> Guang. Empress <mask> was deposed.Twelve years later she was exiled and, in response, she committed suicide. Despite the destruction of the Huo clan, Emperor Xuan continued to honour <mask> <mask> posthumously. In 51 BC, when he painted the portrait of 11 great statesmen of his administration in the great hall of his palace, <mask>, alone among the 11, was referred to by title and family name only, which was considered an even greater honour than the honour given to the other ten. Impact on Chinese history

<mask> was treated somewhat paradoxically by posterity. On one hand, he was greatly admired for his skilful administration of the empire and his selflessness in putting himself in great danger in deposing an unfit emperor. On the other hand, he was also criticized for his dictatorial governing style, alleged nepotism and failure to rein in the behaviour of his clansmen, traits that some historians claim eventually led to his clan's destruction after his death. Many later conspirators in Chinese history would often claim that they were acting in the empire's best interest, like <mask>, even though few actually did.Conversely, when emperors wanted to accuse (and execute) officials of treason, they often euphemistically refer to them as "wanting to act like <mask> Guang." Effectively, <mask> set a standard of decisiveness and strength that was rarely matched and even more rarely used for the benefit of the state. Notes

68 BC deaths
Year of birth unknown
Han dynasty generals from Shanxi
Han dynasty politicians from Shanxi
Politicians from Linfen
Regents of China
LGBT people from China
Ancient LGBT

masks: Guang Huo Huo Huo Guang Huo Huo Huo Huo Huo


title: Leonid Brailovsky

texts:
<mask> (Brailovskii) (23 May 1867, Kharkiv, now Ukraine – July 7, 1937, Rome, Italy) was a Russian architect, artist, designer, decorator, teacher and a member of Russian apostolate in the Diaspora. Biography

Born in 1867 in Kharkiv in an Orthodox family. His father was mayor, his mother came from a noble family Sedlyarevskih. <mask> was educated in the classical school. He graduated from the department of architecture of the Imperial Academy of Arts in 1894 with the rank of class artist of architecture degree. During training, repeatedly awarded for academic success: in 1890 a small silver medal, in 1892 a large silver medal, in 1893 a small gold medal for the program "Hotel for visitors to the capital." After graduating from the Academy in 1895–1898 he served in the pensioner's trip to Paris and Rome.From 1898 he taught architecture at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1899, he joined a teacher at the Stroganov Moscow State University of Arts and Industry and Served as professor of the School, and in 1906 was a member of the Education Committee. <mask> worked as an architect, but was best known as the artist-akvalerist creating watercolors of ancient ruins, monuments, the interiors of temples and palaces. In the 1900s he studied and copied fresco paintings in the churches of Yaroslavl, Rostov and

masks:
Leonid Brailovsky
Brailovsky
Brailovsky


title: Leonid Brailovsky

texts: Novgorod. He participated in the exhibitions of the Society of Russian watercolors, the Moscow Association of Artists, New Society of Artists, a member of the Society of Architects and Artists,  and the Moscow Architectural Society (MAO). He was a member of the Editorial Board of "Yearbook of Mao." He worked as a decorator: doing interior design, performed sketches of furniture and articles of bronze. From 1909, he worked primarily as a set designer.In this capacity ofrmlyal performances Lesser and Greater theaters. In 1916, <mask> was awarded the title of Academician. After the October Revolution in 1917, with his wife Rimma, emigrated first to Latvia, and later lived in Constantinople, Belgrade, and in 1925 he moved to Rome. In Belgrade, the designer worked the Theatre Royal, was a member of the Union of Employees of Russian art. In 1933 he founded the Vatican Museum of Russian religious architecture in the Congregation of Eastern Churches. In exile, created in the style of painting and graphics. In the 1920 – 1930 created a series of paintings "Visions of Old Russia."Exhibited in many cities, and his wife had two solo exhibitions in Paris (1930) and the Vatican (1932). He died in 1937 in Rome. His works are in museum collections of the Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian Museum, the Museum of the Sorbonne in Paris, the Vatican


title: Leonid Brailovsky

texts:
 Museums and others. Conversion to Catholicism

Contact with the world's center of Christianity, of course was reflected in the Brailovskys'life. <mask> and his wife Rima come to realize the unity of the church, they are reunited with the Catholic Church and it makes them even more to love their homeland, its holy places, historical and spiritual culture. In 1932, an exhibition of 40 paintings by Brailovsky depicting monuments of Russian religious art. This collection was donated by Pope Pius XI and the latter has decided to organize a special unit of Russian painting.Secretary Pacelli and other dignitaries, as well as four Brailovsky was opened section of monuments of church art in Russia, in quantity of 100 paintings and 20 plans depicting the monuments of Russian ecclesiastical art and architecture. One of those places where you could take a sip of his native air was Russicum with the Russian church, with family icons and expensive Slavic rites. Brailovsky were parishioners of the church. Years later, Archpriest Alexander Sipyagin who knew <mask> Mikhailovich wrote in his obituary: "Here, and especially in the Church of St. Anthony, the late felt like at home". In 1933, the artist <mask> and his wife Rimma <mask> staged creative exhibition in Rome. Information about this event was placed in the press. Namely: "Messadzhero"

masks: Leonid Leonid Leonid Brailovsky


title: Leonid Brailovsky

texts:
 published an article, a small article appeared in the "Tribune" and the "Osservatore Romano" has been placed an illustrated essay.Memorial feedback on the <mask> <mask> left his friend and confessor of. Alexander Sipiagin:

"Far from home, went out the artist's life, patriot, Christian. His ashes taken to the cemetery of Campo Verano. "Mortal remains ... Russian Catholics – <mask> Mikhailovich Brailovsky known artist" rest in the grave "on a site donated by a pious cardinal to bury foreigners dying in Rome". Making plays

"Woe from Wit" by Alexander Griboyedov (1911, Little Theatre)

"Glass of Water" OE Scribe (1911, Little Theatre)

"The Duchess of Padua" O. Wilde (1912, Little Theatre)

"Assembly" Pyotr Gnedich (1912, Alexandrinsky theater costumes)

"Merchant of Venice" by William Shakespeare (1916, Little Theatre)

"Don Giovanni" WA Mozart (1916, Bolshoi Theatre)

Projects and construction

Competition project apartment building Pertsova PN (1905 – 1906, Moscow, Prechistenskaya embankment)

The project's own villa (1906, Crimea)

Contest project of the new building MUZHVZ (1906 – 1907, Moscow)

Private Villa (1907, Tuapse)

Tombstone of Anton Chekhov, with Fyodor Schechtel (1907 – 1908, Moscow Cemetery)

Headstone composer Vasily Kalinnikov (1908, Yalta)

The theater building, together with Ivan Zholtovsky (1900s,

masks: Leonid Brailovsky Leonid


title: Bernie Bickerstaff

texts:
<mask> (born February 11, 1944) is an American basketball coach and front office executive, currently serving as the Senior Basketball Advisor for the Cleveland Cavaliers. As a coach, he previously worked as the head coach for the NBA's Seattle SuperSonics, Denver Nuggets, Washington Bullets/Wizards, Charlotte Bobcats, and Los Angeles Lakers. He has also been an assistant for the Portland Trail Blazers, Chicago Bulls, Los Angeles Lakers, and Cavaliers. He has served in numerous other NBA front office positions, and has been a consultant for the Harlem Globetrotters. Early years
<mask> was born in Benham, Kentucky, where his father and grandfather worked in the coal mines. He often had to endure open racism. He attended East Benham High School, where he was the starting point guard of the basketball team.After graduating in 1961, <mask> moved to Cleveland where he had relatives, with the idea of joining the Army, but he instead accepted a basketball scholarship to play for Rio Grande College. The racial tension he experienced during his time playing there made him leave school early and head back to Cleveland to work in a steel mill. However, the difficult working conditions prompted him to accept a second opportunity to play college basketball at the University of San Diego from 1964 to 1966. As a senior, he was named

masks:
Bernard Tyrone Bickerstaff
Bickerstaff
Bickerstaff


title: Bernie Bickerstaff

texts:
 team captain and MVP, when the Toreros finished 17–11 and went on to play at the Small College Regional Playoffs. He is a member of the Kappa Alpha Psi fraternity. Professional career
After finishing his college eligibility, <mask> was hired by his coach Phil Woolpert to serve as an assistant for the 1968–69 season. After three seasons at 25 years old, he was named the head coach of the University of San Diego after Woolpert's abrupt resignation, keeping this position for the next four years.In 1972–1973 his team finished 19–9 and his four-year overall record was 54–49. In 1973, <mask> was hired as an assistant for the Washington Bullets by then coach K. C. Jones and was a part of the 1978 Bullets NBA Championship. He left the team after 12 seasons, when Lenny Wilkens hired him for the head coaching position with the Seattle SuperSonics (1985–1990), reaching the Western Conference Finals in 1987. <mask> was the Denver Nuggets' president and general manager from 1990 to 1997, also coaching the team from 1994 to 1996. In 1997, Wes Unseld hired <mask> to coach the Bullets, making the playoffs for the first time since 1988 and becoming the league's all-time 34th-winningest coach. After parting ways with the team in 1999, he had a two-year stint with the International Basketball League's St. Louis Swarm. <mask> was twice

masks: Bickerstaff Bickerstaff Bickerstaff Bickerstaff Bickerstaff


title: Bernie Bickerstaff

texts:
 named IBL Coach of the Year.In 2003, <mask> was hired by Ed Tapscott to become the expansion Charlotte Bobcats' first head coach and general manager. <mask> was hired by the Los Angeles Lakers in 2012–13 as an assistant coach to Mike Brown. On November 9, 2012, <mask> was named interim head coach of the Lakers after Brown was fired. Three days later, the Lakers signed former Knicks coach Mike D'Antoni as their official head coach, although D'Antoni's on-court debut was delayed as he recovered from knee-replacement surgery. <mask> continued to coach the Lakers in D'Antoni's absence, ending his stint with a 4–1 record, the highest winning percentage in Lakers' history, albeit in only five games. He continued with the team as an assistant coach, but was fired after the season. In the summer of 2013, <mask> became an assistant coach with the Cleveland Cavaliers.The following year, he moved up to the Cavaliers' front office, serving as a senior advisor. As a member of the Cavaliers front office, he was part of Cleveland's  2016 NBA Championship team. Head coaching record

NBA

|-
| align="left" |Seattle
| align="left" |
|82||31||51||.378|| align="center" |5th in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| align="center" |Missed Playoffs
|-
| align="left" |Seattle
| align="left" |
|82||39||43||.476|| align="center" |4th in


title: Bernie Bickerstaff

texts:
 Pacific||14||7||7||.500
| align="center" |Lost in Conf. Finals
|-
| align="left" |Seattle
| align="left" |
|82||44||38||.537|| align="center" |3rd in Pacific||5||2||3||.400
| align="center" |Lost in First Round
|-
| align="left" |Seattle
| align="left" |
|82||47||35||.573|| align="center" |3rd in Pacific||8||3||5||.375
| align="center" |Lost in Conf. Lakers
| align="left" |
|5||4||1||.800|| align="center" |(interim)||—||—||—||—
| align="center" |—
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |Career
| ||937||419||518||.447|| ||33||12||21||.364

Awards and accolades
 In 1987, he received the Horace Mann Award for Leadership and was also named the 1987 Sports Person of the Year, presented by the New York Pro-Am Basketball Association. In 1995, he was inducted into the University of San Diego's Hall of Fame. Inducted into the West Coast Conference's inaugural Hall of Honor.In 2010, he was inducted into the John McClendon Minority Athletics Administrators Hall of Fame. In 2011, he was named a Kappa Legend and Icon in Sports. In 2012, he was inducted into the Breitbard Hall of Fame. His hometown of Benham, Kentucky, named a street – <mask> Boulevard – in his honor. In 2014, he was awarded the NBA's Chuck Daly Lifetime Achievement Award. Personal
Bickerstaff also worked as a TV and radio analyst with the Washington Wizards, San


title: Bernie Bickerstaff

texts:
 Antonio Spurs, NBA.com and the Sporting News Radio. His son, J.B<mask>, is the current head coach for the Cleveland Cavaliers. His wife is a 4th grade teacher in Wyckoff, New Jersey. He has another son, Bernard Jr., who is his eldest. References

External links

 BasketballReference.com: <mask>ff
 NBA bio

1944 births
Living people
African-American basketball coaches
African-American basketball players
African-American sports executives and administrators
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American sports executives and administrators
Basketball coaches from Kentucky
Basketball players from Kentucky
BSN coaches
Charlotte Bobcats head coaches
Charlotte Hornets executives
Chicago Bulls assistant coaches
Cleveland Cavaliers assistant coaches
Denver Nuggets head coaches
International Basketball League (1999–2001) coaches
Los Angeles Lakers assistant coaches
Los Angeles Lakers head coaches
National Basketball Association executives
People from Harlan County, Kentucky
Portland Trail Blazers assistant coaches
San Diego Toreros men's basketball coaches
San Diego Toreros men's basketball players
Seattle SuperSonics head coaches
University of Rio Grande alumni
Washington Bullets assistant coaches
Washington Bullets head coaches
Point guards
21st-century African-American people
20th-century

masks:
. Bickerstaff
Bernie Bsta


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts:
<mask> (born September 6, 1991) is an American professional basketball player for the Brooklyn Nets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played college basketball for the Virginia Cavaliers, before being selected with the 33rd overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft by the Cleveland Cavaliers. He was signed by the Nets in 2016, and is one of three players to make 200 three-pointers in one season in the history of the Nets franchise. The longest-tenured Net as of 2021, <mask> led the NBA in three-point shooting accuracy in 2018–19 and repeated the feat in 2020–21. Also in 2021, <mask> surpassed Drazen Petrovic as the Nets' all-time leader in three-point field goal percentage. <mask> is the all time three point field goals made scorer for the Nets surpassing Jason Kidd on 27th October, 2021. He currently ranks third in NBA history in career three-point field goal percentage.Early life
<mask> was born and raised in Chelan, Washington to Joseph "<mask><mask> Sr., who coached the boys' basketball team at Bridgeport High for six years and then Chelan High for 25 years, and was inducted into the Washington Interscholastic Basketball Coaches Association Hall of Fame in 2011, and <mask>, who grew up playing softball, volleyball, and basketball, and is a broker and director of sales at Coldwell Banker Lake Chelan Properties. <mask> has three sisters: his older sister, Kaiti, and his younger sisters, Jaicee and Mackenzie. Kaiti played college basketball at Yakima Valley College and Warner Pacific College, Jaicee played volleyball at Washington State, and Mackenzie played volleyball at Chelan High. <mask> started going to his father's basketball practices when he was just four years old. He then volunteered to be the team manager from third to eighth grade. As a child, <mask> wrote personal goals and quotes from

masks:
Joseph Malcolm Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris
Joe
" Harris
Alice Harris
Harris
Harris
Harris


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts:
 NBA legends on his bedroom walls and ceiling. One of his goals was to take at least 1,000 shots a day.High school career
<mask> played all four years for the Mountain Goats at Chelan High, where he was coached by his father, <mask>. In his junior year, he averaged 24.7 points, 8.5 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 2.7 steals a game, and led the Mountain Goats to the Class 1A state tournament with a 24–6 record. He was named AP Class 1A Player of the Year and was selected to the Class 1A All-Tournament first team. In his senior year, <mask> led his team to fifth place in the Class 1A state tournament after leading them to a 26–2 record. He averaged 26.6 points, 8.0 rebounds, 4.6 assists, 4.4 steals and 1.6 blocks a game, while shooting 59.2% from the field and 76.5% from the free throw line. He was named Washington Mr. Basketball by the Washington State Coaches Association, and named the Gatorade Washington Player of the Year. For the second straight year, <mask> was named the AP Class 1A Player of the Year and selected to the Class 1A All-Tournament first team.He finished off his high school career with 452 assists, 699 rebounds, 282 steals, and a Class 1A state record 2,399 points. College career

<mask> was recruited by head coach Tony Bennett, while Bennett was the head coach at Washington State. When Bennett moved to Virginia, <mask> switched his commitment to join him there. Freshman season
In <mask>’ collegiate debut for the Virginia Cavaliers, he recorded 2 points, 4 rebounds and 3 assists in a 76–52 win over the William & Mary Tribe. On November 18, <mask> had his first career start for the Cavaliers and scored 12 points in an 81–60 loss against Stanford. At the Maui Invitational Tournament, he scored 19 points on 8-of-13 field goals and 7 rebounds in a 106–63 loss against the Washington Huskies. In 35

masks: Harris Joe Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts:
 minutes of playing time, <mask> scored a then career-high 24 points on 8-of-12 field goals and grabbed 5 rebounds against the Minnesota Golden Gophers at the 2010 ACC–Big Ten Challenge, winning by 87–79.On January 2, he had a season-high 2 blocks in a 64–50 victory against the LSU Tigers. Two days later, <mask> scored 16 points with a career-high 5 three-pointers made on 5-of-6 attempts in an 84–63 win against Howard. On February 5, <mask> played for a career-high 41 minutes and recorded 18 points, 3 rebounds, 2 assists and 3 steals in a 68–70 overtime loss against the Miami Hurricanes. On February 26, he grabbed a career-high 10 rebounds against Boston College in a 44–63 loss. On March 1, <mask> recorded an ACC career-high 19 points on 4-of-7 three-point attempts, 5 rebounds, 3 assists and 2 steals, leading the Cavaliers to a 69–58 victory against NC State. The Cavaliers lost to the Hurricanes in the first round of the 2011 ACC Tournament 69-62 in overtime. The Cavaliers finished the season with a 7–9 conference record and a 16–15 overall record.<mask> averaged 29.4 minutes, 4.4 rebounds and 10.4 points per game, and averaged 32.0 minutes, 5.1 rebounds and 11.2 points in the sixteen regular season ACC games. He shot 41.8% from the field, and 41.7% from three-point range (the most by an ACC freshmen since 2000). Sophomore season
In the season-opening game against South Carolina State, <mask> recorded 13 points, 6 rebounds and 4 assists in a 75–38 win. At the Cavaliers’ first of three Paradise Jam Tournament games, <mask> scored 13 points, grabbed 6 rebounds and gave 3 assists in a 55–57 losing effort against TCU. However, the Cavaliers defeated the Drexel Dragons and the Drake Bulldogs on their second and third games, by 49–35 and 60–52, respectively. <mask> scored 12 points against the Dragons and 18

masks: Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts:
 points against the Bulldogs. At the 2011 ACC–Big Ten Challenge, he scored 18 points, grabbed 7 rebounds and had a season-high 4 steals against the Michigan Wolverines, winning by 70–58.<mask> tied his ACC career-high 19 points and his career-high 5 three-pointers in 65–61 win against the Clemson Tigers. On February 25, <mask> recorded 12 points, 5 rebounds, 3 assists and a career-high 3 blocks against North Carolina in a 51–54 losing effort. The Cavaliers were defeated by NC State, 64–67, in the quarterfinals of the 2012 ACC Tournament. <mask> helped lead the Cavaliers to the 2012 NCAA Tournament, the program's first tournament bid under Bennett and first since 2007. However, they were eliminated by the Florida Gators, 45–71, in the second round. The Cavaliers ended their season with a 9–7 conference record and a 22–10 overall record. <mask> fractured a bone in his left hand during a game against North Carolina on February 11.He still played in all of the remaining games of the season, but with a padded wrap wrapped around his hand. He also suffered a concussion in a game against Florida State on March 1, when an opposing player, Bernard James, accidentally elbowed the side of his head. Both men were fighting for the rebound, and both fell to the ground after the aforementioned hit. He was also unintentionally kicked in the stomach when James moved to get up, causing himself to be ejected. <mask> was cleared to play in the next game. <mask> upped his scoring to 11.3 per game - second on the team to All-American Mike Scott. He also averaged 30.3 minutes and 3.9 rebounds per game.He shot 44.2% from the field, 38.0% from the three-point range and 77.2% from the free throw line, and was named to the All-State second team. Junior season
In the 2012–13 season, <mask> became one of the top players in the Atlantic

masks: Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts:
 Coast Conference (ACC). He started out the season scoring 19 points, handing out 3 assists and grabbing a season-high 8 rebounds in a 59–63 defeat against George Mason. In the first round of the 2012 NIT Season Tip-Off tournament, <mask> recorded 15 points, 3 assists and 7 rebounds in a 54–45 victory against the Fairfield Stags. However, Virginia would lose in the second round to Delaware, 53–59. <mask> scored 20 points in the losing effort. At the 2012 ACC–Big Ten Challenge, he recorded a game-high 22 points, 5 assists and 5 rebounds in a 60–54 victory against the Wisconsin Badgers.On December 8, <mask> gave a career-high 6 assists in a 67–39 win over Mississippi Valley State. At the Governor's Invitational game, he recorded 18 points, 2 assists, 3 rebounds and 2 steals in a 61–63 loss against the Old Dominion Monarchs. On February 12, he tied his career-high 5 three-pointers and finished with 26 points and 4 rebounds in a 73–55 victory over Virginia Tech. On February 28, <mask> scored a career-high 36 points against Coach K's Duke Blue Devils in a 73–68 victory. He led the Cavaliers to an 11–7 conference record and a 23–12 overall record, scoring 16.3 points and collecting 4.0 rebounds per game. He was named first team All-ACC at the conclusion of the season. Senior season
Going into his senior season in 2013–14, <mask> received significant preseason recognition.He was a member of the preseason All-ACC team and was named to the preseason watch list for the Wooden Award as national player of the year. <mask> led the Cavaliers to their first outright ACC regular season title since 1981, their first ACC tournament title since 1976, and their first Sweet Sixteen appearance since 1995. <mask> subsequently earned ACC Tournament MVP honors, and was named to the All-Tournament team and All-ACC third team.


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts:
 Professional career

Cleveland Cavaliers (2014–2016)

On June 26, 2014, <mask> was selected with the 3rd pick of the second round (33rd overall) by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the 2014 NBA draft at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, NY. On July 24, he signed his rookie scale contract with the Cavaliers after averaging 7.8 points, 1.5 rebounds and 1.5 assists during the 2014 NBA Summer League. On November 15, <mask> recorded 12 points, 4 assists, 4 rebounds and a steal in a 127–94 win against the Atlanta Hawks. He topped his scoring against the Hawks on December 30, scoring 13 points on 4-of-7 shooting in a 101–109 defeat.<mask> received his first career start on January 5, scoring a then career-high 16 points against the Philadelphia 76ers, losing by 92–95. Due to LeBron James's return and Kevin Love's acquisition, <mask> rarely saw minutes and was assigned to the Canton Charge of the NBA Development League on January 20. The following day, <mask> posted 18 points and 6 rebounds in his D-League debut in a 107–109 double overtime loss to the Delaware 87ers. <mask> scored a career-high 26 points against the Maine Red Claws in a 92–104 defeat. On February 6, he scored a game-high 23 points on 6-of-15 field goals including 4 three-pointers in a 102–84 victory over the Sioux Falls Skyforce. In his rookie season, the Cavaliers made it to the 2015 NBA Finals, but they lost to the Golden State Warriors in six games. On January 5, 2016, <mask> underwent season-ending surgery to remove an extra bone in his right foot.A week later, he was traded, along with a 2017 second-round pick and cash considerations, to the Orlando Magic in exchange for a 2020 second-round pick. He was immediately waived by the Magic upon acquisition. Brooklyn Nets (2016–present)

On July 19, 2016, <mask> signed with the Brooklyn Nets. He made his


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts: debut for the Nets in their season opener on October 26, 2016, against the Boston Celtics. In 25 minutes off the bench, he scored 16 points on 6-of-15 shooting in a 122–117 loss. On December 18, 2016, he tied his then career high with 19 points in a 108–107 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers. On April 2, 2017, he was ruled out for the rest of the season with a sprained left shoulder.On December 29, 2017, <mask> scored a then career-high 21 points in a 111–87 win over the Miami Heat. On January 6, 2018, he recorded his first career double-double with 10 points and 12 rebounds in an 87–85 loss to the Boston Celtics. On March 25, 2018, he set a new career high with 30 points in a 121–114 loss to his former team the Cleveland Cavaliers. On July 24, 2018, <mask> re-signed with the Nets. On October 19, 2018, in a 107–105 win over the New York Knicks, <mask>' first three-pointer was his 237th as a Net, moving him into 10th place on the franchise's career list. On November 4, in a 122–97 win over the 76ers, <mask> made a three-pointer in his 25th straight game, moving into sole possession of fourth place on the Nets' career list. On December 23, in a 111–103 win over the Phoenix Suns, <mask> made 3 three-pointers, making him the first player in franchise history to make three or more in six straight games.On December 26, he scored a season-high 27 points and made a game-winning layup with 3.4 seconds left in the second overtime to lift the Nets to a 134–132 win over the Charlotte Hornets. On February 11, 2019, he scored 24 points and made a career-best 7 three-pointers in a 127–125 loss to the Toronto Raptors. On February 16, he won the Three-Point Contest during All-Star weekend. In the playoffs, he shot 4-of-21 from 3-point range over five games. On November 23, 2020, <mask> re-signed with the Nets. On January 31,

masks: Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris


title: Joe Harris (basketball)

texts:
 2021, <mask> made a career-high 8 three-pointers in a 149–146 loss to the Washington Wizards. On February 19, <mask> set a franchise record as the fastest player to knock down 100 3-pointers in a season with 31 games played, surpassing the previous record accomplished by four players with 41 games.The Nets won the first series of the playoffs against the Boston Celtics, but were beaten in seven by the Milwaukee Bucks. Against the Miami Heat on October 27, 2021, <mask> became the franchise leader in career three-pointers, surpassing the 813 made by Jason Kidd for the Nets. <mask> wears a fluorescent green band around his left wrist in memory of his late cousin, Tricia Haerling. Since 2015, <mask> has held the <mask> Harris Basketball Camp for kindergartners to eighth graders every summer at Chelan High School. <mask> is a member of the "Starting Five", along with Malcolm Brogdon, Justin Anderson, Anthony Tolliver, and Garrett Temple. Their goal was to raise $225,000 through Hoops2O, founded by Brogdon, to fund five wells in East Africa by the end of the 2018–19 season. <mask> traveled with Brogdon and Anderson to Tanzania to witness the opening of the first well they funded in July 2019, and by November, Hoops2O had raised nearly $400,000.By February 2020, the charity had funded the construction of ten wells in Tanzania and Kenya, bringing water to over 52,000 citizens. References

External links

 Virginia Cavaliers bio

1991 births
Living people
2019 FIBA Basketball World Cup players
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Washington (state)
Brooklyn Nets players
Canton Charge players
Cleveland Cavaliers draft picks
Cleveland Cavaliers players
People from Chelan, Washington
Shooting guards
Small forwards
United States men's national basketball team players
Virginia Cavaliers men's

masks: Harris Harris Harris Harris Harris Joe Harris Harris


title: Charles G. Atherton

texts:
<mask> (July 4, 1804November 15, 1853)  was an American politician and lawyer from New Hampshire. He was elected to the United States House of Representatives from 1837 to 1843. He was elected to the United States Senate from 1843 to 1849 and then again in 1853. He was a Democrat. Early life and education
He was the son of <mask> and Mary Ann Toppan, the daughter of Christopher Toppan, of Hampton, New Hampshire. His mother taught him at home. Atherton received a classical education, learning Latin from a young age.He went to the academy in Lancaster, Massachusetts, under the charge of Jared Sparks from 1815 to 1817, returning home upon the death of his mother, completing his preparation for college in his father's office, under the direction of Joseph Willard. He was tutored in the classics by the inventor Samuel Abbot, and went on to study law under the tutelage of his father, a former Federalist politician and one of the most distinguished attorneys in the state. In 1818 he entered Harvard University, where he studied law, and graduated in 1822. After graduation, he was admitted to the bar in 1825 and commenced practice in Dunstable, New Hampshire. His grandfather was Joshua Atherton, an early anti-slavery campaigner in Massachusetts. His middle name <mask>, was in memory of his parents and grandparents family friend <mask>. His mother, Mary, died when he was thirteen years old.He had six other siblings, many did not reach adulthood. Like all males in New Hampshire between the ages of 18 and 45, Atherton was a member of the state militia serving in the Lafayette Riflemen 5th Regiment as a lieutenant in 1827,
and as captain in 1828. Career

<mask> was a States-rights Democrat from a northern state of New England. He engaged early on in politics

masks:
Charles Gordon Atherton
Charles Humphrey Atherton
Gordon
William Gordon
Atherton