title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts:
<mask> (1880-1936) was a Spanish Catholic militant, theorist of society and politician; the Catholic Church declared him a martyr and a candidate for sainthood. He was locally known in the provinces of Zamora and Toledo for his activity in education, charity and agrarian syndicalism. His key work, Principios de Orientación Social, made some moderate impact among Spanish Catholic intellectuals of the mid-1930s. Politically he evolved from centre-left to extreme right: initially <mask> supported the Romanonista dynastic Liberalism, then he turned towards accidentalist Acción Católica, and finally he joined Carlism. His career climaxed in the mid-1930s; since 1934 he headed the provincial Carlist structures in Toledo and in 1936 he served as a Carlist deputy to the Cortes. Family and youth

Since early modern era the noble family of Requejo has been related to the region of León, though for centuries none of its representatives distinguished himself in the history of Spain. Things changed in the mid-19th century, when one branch of the Requejos turned into a Liberal “oligarquía dominante” in the province of Zamora and <mask> was – apart from being key taxpayer in the province – the chief Sagastino in Zamora.It is not clear how they were related to the ascendants of Jesús, yet it is confirmed that both branches remained in contact. The father of Jesús, Víctor <mask> Rodríguez, belonged to the middle class and served as a court clerk in the town of Puebla de Sanabria. He married Josefa <mask>án <mask> Román; none of the sources consulted provides any closer information on her family, though many San Románs held various petty official positions in the county and were also of Liberal political preferences. The couple lived in the village

masks:
Jesús Requejo San Román
Requejo
Miguel Requejo Linares
Requejo
San Rom
San


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

type: original

texts: of Castro de Sanabria; they had 4 children, all of them boys: Antonio, José, Herminio and Jesús. According to some authors Jesús was the youngest one, other sources suggest otherwise. <mask> spent his early childhood of the 1880s in Castro de Sanabria. From a very young age he demonstrated religious zeal and intended to become a priest.At unspecified time he entered the local seminary in Puebla de Sanabria and then moved to another one in Astorga, where he was recorded in 1895 and 1897. He followed the courses of Humanidades, Filosofía and Teología and was reported as an excellent student. One year prior to completing the curriculum he resigned from ecclesiastic career. Eventually he obtained bachillerato with the Jesuits in Cáceres in 1900. He then enrolled at law in Valladolid and majored in 1903. Requejo continued his academic career studying derecho administrativo in Salamanca. In 1906 he obtained doctorado thanks to Repudio en Roma.Religión y Derecho Unidos, a dissertation rewarded with high grades by the jury and published afterwards. In 1906 <mask> married his cousin on the maternal side, Antonia <mask> <mask> (1889-1977). A girl from Puebla de Sanabria, she was daughter to a local tax collector, <mask> <mask> Moran. The couple settled in Puebla; it is not clear how initially they made a living, yet at least since 1908 Jesús has been noted in the press as the local Sanabrian abogado, acting as attorney at the turn of the 1900s and 1910s. <mask> and Antonia had one child, <mask> <mask> (1907-1936); he graduated in law in Madrid and was preparing to pass the notary exams when soon after outbreak of the civil war he was detained and executed with his father. None of Jesús’ siblings and further relatives became a public figure;

masks:
Jesús
Requejo
San Rán
San Rán
Manuel San
Román
Jesús
Antonio Requejo
San Román


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts:
 his brother Antonio was an entrepreneur, José served as fiscal and Herminio grew to high post official in mid-Francoism. Restoration

The <mask> family was of Liberal ideas and the young <mask> initially adhered to the same political current.In the early 20th century he commenced collaboration with Heraldo de Zamora, the key liberal newspaper in the province. His first contributions identified come from 1903 and are related to electoral campaigns of Fabriciano Cid, local cacique of liberal monarchist left; following the death of Sagasta, the Requejo father and son declared themselves supporters of conde de Romanones. In the mid-1900s <mask> <mask> acted as sort of a local Sanabrian correspondent of Heraldo. His political ideas were somewhat heterodox. On the one hand, reportedly due to interest in social justice raised by the Jesuits, he lamented underprivileged position of the workers, on the 1st of May encouraged them that “querer es poder” and claimed that “their day will come”. On the other, in 1907 he formed part of Comité Conservador in the town. In 1908 he was already recognized locally, and during town feasts he spoke right after the mayor, delivering grandiloquent lectures on historical traditions of the town.In 1909 <mask> was elected to the ayuntamiento of Puebla and proved a fairly active councillor. The same year he entered the Cuerpo de Aspirantes al Notariado and indeed soon became a notary. In 1912 – still serving as a local attorney – he passed exams to become a property registrar. In August he was posted to Bande (Orense province), but he agreed a swoop and in October 1912 he was reassigned to his native Puebla de Sanabria. Due to new duties he resigned from the town hall. In 1913 he was officially admitted to

masks: Requejo Jesús Jesús Requejo Requejo


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts:
 “claustro de doctores” at the University of Salamanca and since then he appeared as “doctor en derecho”. In the mid-1910s he already acted as member of the jury which examined applicants for academic teaching positions and took part in nationwide semi-scientific congresses.In the late 1910s and early 1920s <mask> remained related to the liberalismo dinástico faction, active in the network of Romanonistas like Antonio Rodríguez Cid, <mask> Bonifaz, Fernando López Monis or Ismael Calvo Madroño. Apart from his registrador and attorney jobs he was increasingly engaged in social initiatives. In 1915 he co-founded Sindicato Agrícola Católico Sanabrés and engaged in Federación Agraria Católica of Zamora. In 1916 he worked to ensure cheap credit by co-founding a local Banco Agrícola and started to discuss agrarian policy in specialized Madrid periodicals. In 1917 he raised support for Liberal educational initiatives; in 1918 he briefly served in Madrid as “secretario particular de la subsecretaria”; he worked on a public education project, sponsored by López Monis. In Puebla Requejo founded a dormitory for the poor and tried to set up a secondary school; in 1920 he donated 5,000 ptas for a future educational institution in the town and funded grants for aspiring young teenagers from poor families. In the early 1920s he was a well-recognized county personality, active in numerous bodies and assuming prestigious roles during local events.Dictatorship

As a property registrar in 1924 <mask> was reassigned to the town of Madridejos (Toledo province); at the time he was already an expert in real estate law and occasionally published in scientific periodicals. In Madridejos he resumed his trademark activities: charity and education. He donated

masks:
Requejo
Santiago Alba
Requejo


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts: money to various projects supposed to help the poor, funded scholarship grants for children and co-ordinated campaigns contributing to local culture. Banking on the 1926 secondary educational reform of Eduardo Callejo, <mask> launched the project of setting up a college in Madridejos and remained its moving spirit; the initiative was crowned with success in 1928, when Instituto Elemental de Madridejos became the second institute offering bachillerato education in the province. Though <mask>'s public activity in Puebla de Sanabria was only moderately marked by Catholic flavor, in Madridejos it was increasingly formatted along religious lines. He paid for sacerdotal education of a number of seminarians from Madridejos, and some – including teenagers of African origin - indeed would later become priests. The couple engaged in Conferencia de San Vicente de Paúl and apart from various minor projects worked to set up a college for girls intending to enter religious orders.He donated royalties from Tierra Santa y Roma (1927), a book which provided account of his voyages, to Obra Pontificia de San Pedro Apóstol. In 1930 together with his wife they became godparents of José Luis Martin Descalzo, a local boy who would later gain name nationwide as a writer, publisher and priest. His zeal assumed a militant tone when he focused apostolic and missionary activities on the nearby town of Camuñas, a Manchegan centre of Protestantism known as “Spanish Geneva”; Requejo worked with the local parish to contain and possibly reduce its Protestant influence. In 1930 he was vice-president of a committee to erect monument to the Heart of Jesus in Toledo and took part in Congreso Mariano in Madrid. In the late 1920s Requejo gained in Madridejos the

masks: Requejo Requejo


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts:
 prestige he used to enjoy in Puebla de Sanabria, appreciated as a person who believed that education brings progress and the one who did his best to help the community he lived in. Due to his activities he gradually came to be known as the local “paladín de la cultura”. However, none of the sources consulted confirms <mask> he wholeheartedly engaged in Acción Católica; not only he attended its first National Congress of 1930 but remained on close terms with Herrera Oría and with cardenal Segura. Moreover, he prepared Notas para un ensayo de reorganización de la Acción Católica Española, a pamphlet which recommended new organisation of AC and in a competent, somewhat technocratic style dwelled on suggested main threads of its activity. Engagement in central AC structures soon became sort of his second job, especially that in the early 1930s <mask> was living partially in Madridejos and partially in Madrid. Republic

It is not clear whether Requejo cheered or regretted the fall of the monarchy; his earlier publications, public addresses or engagement in Acción Católica suggest rather some sort of accidentalism. In 1931 he remained active in Cruz Roja and Federación de Amigos de Enseñanza, both perfectly compatible with liberal spirit of the early Republic. In 1932, however, he started to oppose the official policy; as vice-president of Confederación de Padres de Familia he protested forced secularization of schools and voiced in favor of parents rising children the way they liked. As acting president of Asociación de Familias y Amigos de Religiosos he spoke in defense of conventual property, targeted by new religious legislation; in the press <mask> published a series of related articles, calling for “oración, propaganda,

masks: Requejorimo Requejo Requejo


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts: cooperación económica”.He also engaged in Catholic agrarian sindicates. In 1932 <mask> published El Cardenal Segura, the first biography of the primate; prologued by Ramiro de Maeztu, the 215-page work assumed a decisively hagiographic tone. It was welcome by the Catholic press and proved a market success, with re-run issued shortly. Moreover, given Segura had been expelled from Spain by the new Republican authorities, the book sounded like <mask>'s political declaration. Confirmation of his new militant line came with publication of Las fuerzas secretas de la revolución (1932), <mask>'s translation from Léon de Poncins, and with his own De la Revolución española. Los Jesuitas (1932), prologued by Herrera Oria; both pamphlets denounced militantly secular policy as driven by anti-Church conspiracy and declared expulsion of religious orders, especially Jesuits, part of this plot. His cultural campaign climaxed in Principios de Orientación Social (1933), a collection of essays on state, church, society, and individual rights.Called “catecismo social Cristiano”, by Catholic press the book was applauded as a treaty on Christianity in modern world. A number of minor works followed. <mask> turned even further Right and in the early 1930s he approached Carlism. In January 1934 he was nominated head of Comunión Tradicionalista in the province of Toledo and engaged in some Traditionalist initiatives. He published an article which declared democracy and parliamentarism on the brink of death; noting that some countries had already done away with it, he claimed that Spain would soon follow suit and replace unworkable, individualistic universal suffrage with organic democracy. In 1935 the Carlist political leader Manuel Fal Conde nominated

masks: Requejo Requejo Requejo Requejo


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts:
 <mask> to Junta de Hacienda, a central body supposed to manage economic issues of CT. During the 1936 electoral campaign <mask> as a Traditionalist candidate joined local right-wing alliance named Bloque Antirevolucionario and was comfortably elected. In the Cortes he entered commissions of Budget, Justice and Public Education, but he took to the floor also during plenary sessions.<mask> championed Catholic rights to publicly profess their faith and protested Popular Front designs against religious orders and conventual education; he was last recorded speaking on July 8. Some scholars claim that parliamentary clashes with left-wing personalities gained attention of the press, which would ultimately seal his fate. Martyrdom

It is not clear whether <mask> took part in Carlist conspiracy against the Republic; some sources maintain he participated in the plot, but a RAH historian claims otherwise. On July 18 <mask> was with his wife and son in Madridejos, reportedly preparing to travel to Puebla de Sanabria to commence summer holidays. According to some accounts <mask> could have easily gone into hiding or escaped abroad, but as he considered himself a just man who harmed no-one and worked for common good he saw no reason to flee and declined a related offer. However, in late July both <mask> and his son were detained by local militia and placed in a Franciscan convent, turned into a makeshift prison. For some 3 weeks his wife was permitted to bring them food; some authors claim they were beaten and tortured.In mid-August the Requejos were extracted from prison and transported towards Toledo, but their journey ended in Los Yébenes. First they were tied to a noria wheel, operating in the Algodor river; then they had their hands cut

masks: Requejo Requejo Requejo Requejo Requejo Requejo Requejo


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts: off. While being shot the Requejos cried "¡Viva Cristo Rey!" They were buried in a common grave. Following the Nationalist triumph in the Civil War <mask> and his son were referred to in the Francoist press as martyrs for God and the Fatherland, but their names soon went into oblivion. None of the sources consulted clarifies whether individuals responsible for <mask>'s death have been identified. The widow re-buried her husband and son in the Madridejos church; she donated substantial sums to set up a seminary in the town, but the plan has ultimately ended in failure.The Instituto that Requejo helped to set up developed into Instituto Garcilaso de la Vega and provides education until today. A school for girls that Requejo tried to launch materialized thanks to donations of Fundación Pérez-Moreno and works as Colegio Amor de Dios de Madridejos, operated by Hermanas del Amor de Dios. In the early 21st century the Toledo archbishopric office started to collect data which might lead towards canonization of Catholics killed in the diocese during the Civil War; both <mask> <mask> and <mask> were among these investigated. The so-called Causa Toletana case, which covers 464 names, was brought formally before the Vatican Congregation for the Causes of Saints, which in 2003 declared all these listed – including the Requejos – Servants of God. The step, which acknowledged their martyrdom, formally commenced the canonization process; it is still ongoing. Local press in Zamora few times mentioned Requejo as a would-be saint. Requejo gained no major monograph; so far he was dedicated 3 smaller pieces.There is plaza commemorating him in Madridejos. A cross erected in 1956 to commemorate these executed near Los Yébenes still stands by the CM-4205

masks:
Requejo
Requejo
Jesús
Requejo
Antonio Requejo


title: Jesús Requejo San Román

texts:
 road. Another cross stands in the centre of the town; it used to commemorate 180 victims of Republican terror in Los Yébenes, but in 2017 the plaque was changed and now it records “all fallen during the Civil War”. See also
 Carlism
 Traditionalism (Spain)

Footnotes

Further reading

 Jorge López Teulón, Al servicio de la Santa Madre Iglesia. <mask> <mask> de Madridejos, [in:] Jorge López Teulón, "Que no tiemble vuestro corazón". Llamados a la santidad, Toledo 2013, , pp. 190–197
 <mask> Juan, <mask> Requejo <mask> Román, un registrador en el santorial, [in:] Registradores de España 53 (2009), pp.82–87
 María Julia Rodríguez de Diego Zamorano, <mask> <mask> <mask> Román – “alma de esta empresa”, [in:] Cuadernos de Historia y Cultura Popular 2 (2014), pp. 135–143

External links
 Requejo at the official Cortes service
 Requejo at the 464Martires service
 cross commemorating Requejo and other victims executed by the Algodor river

Politicians from Castile and León
Carlists
Education activists
Executed writers
Executed Spanish people
Extrajudicial killings
Far-right politicians in Spain
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Second Spanish Republic
Members of the Cortes Españolas
Notaries
People from Zamora, Spain
People killed by the Second Spanish Republic
Red Cross personnel
Roman Catholic activists
Spanish anti-communists
Spanish casualties of the Spanish Civil War
20th-century Spanish lawyers
Spanish monarchists
Spanish people of the Spanish Civil War
Spanish philanthropists
Spanish political philosophers
Spanish political writers
Spanish publishers (people)
Spanish reporters and correspondents
Spanish Roman Catholics
Spanish torturees
Spanish victims of crime
National syndicalists
University of Salamanca

masks:
Jesús
Requejo
Enrique San
Jesús
San
Jesús
Requejo
San


title: Maximos IV Sayegh

texts:
<mask> (or Saïgh; 10 April 1878, in Aleppo, Syria – 5 November 1967, in Beirut, Lebanon) was Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, and Alexandria and Jerusalem of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 1947 until his death in 1967. One of the fathers of Second Vatican Council, the outspoken patriarch stirred the Council by urging reconciliation between the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. He accepted the title of cardinal in 1965 after Pope Paul VI clarified the significance of that title in the case of an Eastern Patriarch. Life

<mask> was born on 10 April 1878 in Aleppo. He was ordained a priest on 17 September 1905. On 30 August 1919 he was appointed archbishop of Tyre, Lebanon and consecrated eparch by patriarch Demetrius I Qadi. His co-consecrators were Ignatius Homsi, titular bishop of Tarsus dei Greco-Melchiti and Flavien Khoury, Archeparch of Homs On 30 August 1933 he was named Archeparch of Beirut and Byblos.The Synod of Bishops of the Melkite Church elected Maximos Patriarch of Antioch on 30 October 1947, succeeding the recently deceased Cyril IX Moghabghab. His confirmation by the Holy See was on 21 June 1948. Following an old tradition of the more-than-900-year-old Order of Knighthood, founded in Jerusalem to take care of lepers in the Hospital St. Lazare, he was the Spiritual Protector of the international ecumenical Military and Hospitaller Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem. Participation in Second Vatican Council

Patriarch <mask> IV took part in the Second Vatican Council. There he championed the Eastern tradition of Christianity and won a great deal of respect from Eastern Orthodox observers at the council and the approbation of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Athenagoras I. As a participant in Vatican II, Patriarch <mask> spoke forcefully against the latinization of the Eastern Catholic churches, and urged a greater receptivity to the eastern Christian traditions, especially in the area

masks:
Maximos IV Sayegh
Massimo Sayegh
Maximos
Maximos


title: Maximos IV Sayegh

texts:
 of ecclesiology. He stated that
We have, therefore, a twofold mission to accomplish within the Catholic Church.We must fight to ensure that Latinism and Catholicism are not synonymous, that Catholicism remains open to every culture, every spirit, and every form of organization compatible with the unity of faith and love. At the same time, by our example, we must enable the Orthodox Church to recognize that a union with the great Church of the West, with the See of Peter, can be achieved without being compelled to give up Orthodoxy or any of the spiritual treasures of the apostolic and patristic East, which is opened toward the future no less to the past. Also at Vatican II, Patriarch <mask> successfully advocated use of vernacular languages for liturgical services, noting that:

Christ offered the first Eucharistic Sacrifice in a language which could be understood by all who heard him, namely, Aramaic. … Never could the idea have come to them [the Apostles] that in a Christian gathering the celebrant should read the texts of Holy Scripture, sing psalms, preach or break bread, and at the same time use a language different from that of the community gathered there … because this language [Latin] was spoken by the faithful of that time, Greek was abandoned in favor of Latin. … Why, then, should the Roman Church cease to apply the same principle today? Speaking at the Council on the matter of indulgences, he noted that "the practice of indulgences too often favors in the faithful a sort of pious bookkeeping in which one forgets what is essential, namely, the sacred and personal effort of penance". Cardinal
Patriarch <mask> IV accepted the title of cardinal in February 1965.Previously he had refused three times the honor on the grounds that "for a Patriarch to accept a cardinalate is treason". Patriarch <mask> <mask>'s objections were rooted in history and ecclesiology: he argued that the Patriarchs of the Eastern Churches were

masks: Maximos Maximos Maximos IV


title: Maximos IV Sayegh

texts: heads of their respective churches and successors to their respective apostolic sees only subordinate to the Roman Pontiff but were not subordinate to the cardinals whose position was that of being members of the principal clergy of the diocese of Rome. Patriarch <mask> IV also argued that the rank of patriarch being only subordinate to the pope had been repeatedly confirmed by past ecumenical councils and never explicitly revoked by any pope. As such it would be inappropriate for him or other Eastern Catholic Patriarchs to accept the rank of cardinal which implied being made a titular member of the Latin Church with a subordinate clerical rank as opposed to their being leaders of their respective churches and successors to their respective apostolic sees united under the leadership of the Supreme Pontiff. On 11 February 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed that Eastern Patriarchs who are elevated to the College of Cardinals would belong to the order of cardinal-bishops, ranked after the suburbicarian cardinal-bishops; that they would not be part of the Roman clergy and would not be assigned any Roman suburbicarian diocese, church or deaconry; that their sees as cardinals would be their patriarchal see. Pope Paul VI's decree satisfied many of the concerns of Patriarch <mask> and he accepted his elevation to the rank of cardinal. He was created cardinal-bishop patriarch in the consistory of 22 February 1965 and received the red biretta on 25 February 1965.The patriarch's acceptance was protested by Elias Zoghby, the Patriarchal Vicar for the See of Alexandria, Cairo and the Sudan. The vicar opposed the acceptance of the status of a Roman cardinal by the Melkite patriarch, on the grounds that "the leader of an Eastern Catholic church should not hold a subordinate Latin-rite office" and in protest of Patriarch <mask>' acceptance Zoghby resigned as vicar. The patriarch gave a speech on 14 March 1965, clarifying his reasons for accepting

masks: Maximos Maximos Maximos


title: Maximos IV Sayegh

texts:
 and how the Pope Paul's decree altered the nature of the College of Cardinals: it was no longer just an institution within the Latin Church but was now the senate of the entire Catholic Church and an Eastern Catholic Patriarch who became a cardinal was no longer accepting a subordinate position in the clergy of the Latin church. It was now a way for the Pope to extend to the Eastern Patriarchs an additional role in helping him govern the universal church. On 22 November 1965, he was assigned the church of Santa Maria in Cosmedin for religious celebrations while he was in Rome. He was not assigned the Roman deaconry title associated with the church as he would have been were he not an Eastern Patriarch. The title of cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin was retained by Cardinal Francesco Roberti, who held the titular church from 15 December 1958 until 26 June 1967.In October 1966 he received medical treatment at the Curie foundation in Paris for a tumor on his left eyelid. His health deteriorated upon his return to Damascus, and on 8 October 1967 <mask> traveled to Beirut for further cancer treatment. He died on 5 November 1967 in Beirut at the age of 89. He was succeeded by <mask> V Hakim. See also
 Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East
 Melkite Greek Catholic Church
 Patriarch of Antioch
 <mask> V Hakim, Patriarch
 Gregory III Laham, late Patriarch

Notes

Specific references

General references

External links
 Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch, Alexandria and Jerusalem
 L'Église Melkite/The Melkite Church. Melkite Catholic Web Ring. Official Website of the Melkite Church in the US.Melkite Ambassadors Young Adult Website. gcatholic.org

1878 births
1967 deaths
Syrian cardinals
Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchs of Antioch
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
People from Aleppo
Syrian Melkite Greek Catholics
Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI
Eastern Catholic bishops in


title: Hermann Dietz

texts:
<mask>, generally called <mask>, (1861-1944) was a German physician, a member of the Bromberg city council, a senator of the Republic of Poland and a prominent social activist in the first half of the 20th century in Bromberg/Bydgoszcz. Biography

Prussian Period
The Dietz ancestors were German colonists who established in the city after the First Partition of Poland in 1772. The family branch in Bydgoszcz relates also to <mask> (1840-1901), a Prussian rentier, member of the Bromberg city council, member of the Prussian parliament and a prominent philanthropist. <mask> was born on November 13, 1861 in Poznań. He was the son of <mask>, a restaurateur in Bromberg at 12 Schloss Straße (today's Grodzka Street). After graduating from medical studies in the 1890s, he opened a private medical practice at 17 Linden straße (today's Lipowa street) and at the same time started working in a railway outpatient clinic. Within ten years, Dietz made himself known as one of the best medicine specialists in town.<mask> married Sophie Welle, the widow of a wealthy mill owner. Thanks to her money, he could achieved financial independence and was quickly considered one of the richest citizens of Bromberg. As such, in 1904, he was able to buy an automobile for his private use, a real novelty in the city at the time. While he gave up his tiring activity at the clinic for railwaymen, he moved his private practice downtown at 88-90 Gdańska Street and set up as well a small sanatorium in the suburban village of Rynkowo (now a district of Bydgoszcz). At the time of the German Empire (1871-1918), <mask> was very active in politics. He was a city councilor and vice-chairman of the City Council. After World War I, he became involved in activities to keep Bydgoszcz within German territory: he was then one of the most energetic activists in the city.However, <mask> had never shown any anti-Polish behaviour and never attacked verbally (let alone physically) the Polish minority of Bromberg/Bydgoszcz. Interwar period
Though

masks:
Hermann Ernest Georg Dietz
Hermann Dietz
Heinrich Dietz
Hermann
Hermann Theodor Dietz
Hermann
Dietz
Hermann


title: Hermann Dietz

texts:
 the signature of the Treaty of Versailles endorsed the return of Bydgoszcz to the re-born Polish nation, <mask> decided to stay in the city. On January 19, 1920, he sided with Hugo Wolff, the German mayor, to take part in the ceremony handing over the municipal authority to Jan Maciaszek, the new city magistrate appointed by the Polish government. Although the transfer of power went smoothly, the atmosphere in the city was tense. In this situation, the new city council, afraid of riots, took the decision to preventively isolate some of the most active German leaders. Hence, the 60-year-old doctor <mask> wound up in Poznań citadel, jailed for three months. At his return, <mask> resumed his political activity in German minority organizations, defending its rights: he was being considered anew one of the leaders of the German citizens in Bydgoszcz.During the interwar period, he also gained a great respect among Poles, distinguishing himself by a favorable attitude towards them, whenever the tensions arose, with conflicts and disputes between both nationalities being a daily business. <mask> opposed at court another German, Maksymilian Neumann. The latter, living at Kosciuszko street, addressed sick Poles in his tenement whom the doctor visited as "[...] dogs to (let) die". After having been reported by neighbourgs, the case against H. <mask> was judged in the spring of 1939: Neumann was sentenced to six months in prison. World War II
During the Bydgoszcz Bloody Sunday episode which started on September 3, 1939, <mask> hid in the basement of his own tenement house. Discovered by Polish soldiers looking for saboteurs, he was protected from arrest thanks to the intervention of a Polish coachman who vouched for him: the 78-year-old man was left alone. A few days later the situation changed and the Germans started shooting the Poles, but <mask> intervened in their defence.He even had his neighbours, family of the industrialist Stanisław Rolbieski, murdered by the Nazi forces. Although he was

masks:
Hermann Dietz
Hermann Dietz
Dietz
Hermann
Dietz
Dietz
Dietz


title: Hermann Dietz

texts:
 regularly vocal in his critics upon Nazism, he was nevertheless received in 1941 by the German city authorities for a ceremony celebrating his 80th birthday. He died three years later, on February 21, 1944, and was buried in the Evangelical cemetery then located at Jagiellońska street: in 1945, the cemetery was closed and transferred to the Lutheran cemetery in Zaświat Street. In 2018, the Evangelical parish renovated most of the tombstones, including <mask>'s. Among his children, Herma <mask> (born in 1919) married Walter Sontheimer, a school headmaster. Their son, Prof. Dr. Günther-<mask> Sontheimer (1934-1992), was a scholar in indology. Social activities
During World War I, <mask> together with Elimar Schendell and other doctors organized nursing courses at the "Auguste-Viktoria-Heim" (today's Kuyavia Pomerania Cultural Centre at 6 Kościelecki Square), where young infants were coming not only from Bromberg city but also from other regions.Around 130 patients were cared for each year and the institution had set up there a clinic for young mothers. After his return from arrest in 1920, Dr. <mask> kept on working in his private practice at 123 Gdańska street. He also operated two shelters for the poors, the first at 54-57a Dworcowa Street and the second in Szwederowo district, at 5 Dąbrowskiego street. With such actions, he gained a good reputation among Poles: he helped the poor, healed them for free and often provided medicines. He was particularly well known among the new displaced citizens coming from the Eastern Borderlands. Even during the WWII years and despite his age (over 80), <mask> continued to help Poles in the way he used to do, something really uncommon in these perilious years. He took care of the sick until his last breath, traveling to his patients in a black carriage with a shed.See also

 Bydgoszcz
 Hermann's Dietz house
 Heinrich Dietz
 List of Polish people

References

Bibliography

Members of Bydgoszcz City Council
People from Bydgoszcz
1861 births
1944

masks:
Hermann Dietz
Dietz
Dietz
Hermann Dietz
Dietz
Hermann Dietz


title: George Wootten

texts:
Major General <mask>,  (1 May 1893 – 31 March 1970) was a senior Australian Army officer, public servant, right wing political activist and solicitor. He rose to the rank of temporary major general during the Second World War. Wootten earned the respect of his soldiers and superiors; General Douglas MacArthur described him as "the best soldier in the Australian Army who had it in him to reach the highest position". He was famous, in part, for his heavy build; he had given up smoking in 1930, and by 1941—even though he was 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) tall—he weighed 127 kg (20 st). Early life

<mask> was born on 1 May 1893 in Marrickville, Sydney, Australia. He was the seventh child of English, London-born migrant parents, <mask> (a carpenter and later a civil engineer) and <mask>, née Old. <mask> attended Fort Street Model School in Sydney.He entered the Royal Military College, Duntroon, in 1911, and graduated in August 1914 as a lieutenant. First World War
<mask>'s graduation coincided with the outbreak of the First World War. He was posted to the 1st Battalion, went ashore at Gallipoli on 25 April 1915, and was promoted to captain in May that year. He was a major by December. <mask> later served on the Western Front. He was Brigade Major with the 11th Brigade, then with the 9th Brigade (under Brigadier General Charles Rosenthal). <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Order in October 1917 for staff work.He was then appointed to the staff of the 5th Division. In October 1918, he was appointed to the staff of Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, commander of the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front. <mask> was mentioned in despatches four times. Following the end of

masks:
Sir George Frederick Wootten
Wootten
William Frederick Wootten
Louisa Wootten
George Wootten
Wootten
Wootten
Wootten
Wootten


title: George Wootten

texts:
 hostilities, <mask> was sent to the Staff College, Camberley, England, in March 1919. Civilian life between the wars
<mask> married Muriel Frances Anna Bisgood, a nurse, at St Joseph's Catholic Church, Roehampton, London, on 3 January 1920. <mask> was posted back to Australia that same year. He resigned his commission in 1923, and moved back to London, where he worked as manager of a clothing factory.<mask> returned to New South Wales in 1926 and became an articled clerk at West Wyalong. He was also recruited by a secret, quasi-official militia organisation, the Old Guard, which had been formed in response to fears of a supposed communist revolutionary threat. <mask> was admitted as a solicitor in July 1930, by which time he had four children. In 1931 he became an organiser for the Old Guard in Sydney and after retiring from the army, was one of its handful of full-time staff. <mask> joined the Citizen Military Forces (CMF; the army reserve corps) and on 1 July 1937—as a lieutenant colonel—was appointed commander of the 21st Light Horse Regiment. Second World War
Following the outbreak of the Second World War, on 13 October 1939, <mask> was seconded to the Second Australian Imperial Force, and from 24 October 1939 until 9 February 1940 he commanded the 2/2nd Infantry Battalion. He then served as acting commander of the 16th Infantry Brigade until 20 May 1940.I Corps was attached to the British Middle East Command, and when an AIF Reinforcement Depot was set up in Palestine, in late 1940, <mask> was promoted to temporary brigadier and made its commander. <mask> was promoted to brigadier, and from 1 February 1941, he commanded the 18th Infantry Brigade (7th Division), on active

masks: Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten


title: George Wootten

texts: service in the North African campaign, including the siege of Tobruk. Following the outbreak of war with Japan, the 7th Division returned to Australia and the 18th Brigade was part of the historic victory over Japanese forces at Milne Bay. This was followed by the fierce and costly fighting at Buna and Sanananda. On 15 March 1943, <mask> was promoted to temporary major general and became General Officer Commanding, 9th Australian Infantry Division. Between September that year and January 1944 he led the 9th Division in the Battle of Lae and the Huon Peninsula campaign. After a year of leave, consolidation, and re-training in Australia, the 9th took part in the Borneo campaign, including Operation Oboe Six, the amphibious landings at Brunei and Labuan.<mask>'s nephew, Driver Evans, was a prisoner of war in Borneo who took part in one of the Sandakan death marches, and was killed at Ranau. Following the Japanese surrender in August 1945, <mask> commanded the British Borneo Civil Affairs Unit, overseeing the recuperation and repatriation of Allied prisoners, surrendered Japanese personnel, and the transition back to civilian rule. <mask> returned to Sydney on 22 September, and transferred to the Reserve of Officers on 14 October. However, he was soon appointed to a military court of inquiry into Major General Gordon Bennett's departure from Singapore in 1942. In 1945–58, <mask> chaired the Repatriation Commission, in Melbourne. He commanded the 3rd Division (CMF), in 1947–50 and was the CMF member of the Military Board in 1948–50. After retiring from the commission in 1958, he returned to Sydney.<mask> died at the Repatriation General Hospital, Concord in 1970. He is buried

masks: Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten Wootten


title: George Wootten

texts:
 beside his wife at the Macquarie Park (Northern Suburbs) Cemetery, Lane Cove, northern Sydney. Honours
In recognition of his wartime service, <mask> was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and Companion of the Distinguished Service Order with Bar. He was also awarded the US Distinguished Service Cross and Mentioned in Despatches four times. He was elevated to a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1958. A 1956 portrait of Wootten by Sir William Dargie is held at the Australian War Memorial, Canberra. Footnotes

References and external links

Wall, Don (no date, post-1993) Kill the Prisoners!Mona Vale, NSW, Australia: Don Wall
Australian War Memorial, "Honours and awards (gazetted) <mask> <mask> " <mask>, Sir <mask>, Major-General (1893–1970)" Access date: 19 April 2007. Australian World War Two Nominal Roll, "WOOTTEN, GEORGE FREDERICK" Access date: 19 April 2007.
ordersofbattle.com, "<mask> Wootten" Access date: 19 April 2007. |-

1893 births
1970 deaths
Australian activists
Australian Anglicans
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian Companions of the Order of the Bath
Australian generals
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Australian manufacturing businesspeople
Australian military personnel of World War I
Australian military personnel of World War II
Australian people of English descent
Australian solicitors
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
People from Marrickville
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
Royal Military College, Duntroon graduates
Secretaries of the Australian Government Veterans' Affairs

masks:
Wootten
George Frederick
Woottenk
Wootten
George Frederick
George Frederick


title: Pierre Paul Royer-Collard

texts:
<mask> (21 June 1763 – 2 September 1845) was a French statesman and philosopher, leader of the Doctrinaires group during the Bourbon Restoration (1814–1830). Biography

Early life
He was born at Sompuis, near Vitry-le-François (in modern-day Marne), the son of Anthony Royer, a small businessman. His mother, Angélique Perpétue Collard, had a reputation for strong character and great piety. His younger brother, Antoine-Athanase Royer-Collard, was a physician and pioneer in the field of psychiatry, at one point serving as chief physician at Charenton Asylum. Royer-Collard was sent at 12 to the college of Chaumont of which his uncle, <mask>, was director. He subsequently followed his uncle to Saint-Omer, where he studied mathematics. Career
At the outbreak of the French Revolution, to which he was passionately sympathetic, he was practising at the Parisian bar.He was returned by his section, the Island of Saint-Louis, to the Commune, of which he was secretary from 1790 to 1792. After the revolution of 10 August in that year he was replaced by Jean-Lambert Tallien. His sympathies were now with the Gironde, and after the insurrection of the 12th Prairial (31 May 1793) his life was in danger. He returned to Sompuis, and was saved from arrest possibly by the protection of Georges Danton and in some degree by his mother's influence on the local commissary of the Convention. In 1797 he was returned by his départment (Marne) to the Council of the Five Hundred, where he allied himself especially

masks:
Pierre Paul Royer Collard
Father Paul Collard


title: Pierre Paul Royer-Collard

texts:
 "has been a degradation, a corruption, Voltaire in attacking it has been a benefactor of the human race; but if the contrary be true, then the passing of Voltaire over the Christian earth has been a great calamity." In a letter to Père de Ravignan he comments upon the institution of the Jesuits as a "wonderful creation". Personal life
Royer-Collard married Augustine Marie Rosalie de Forges de Chãtaeubrun on 20 October 1800.They had four children, two of whom predeceased them. He died at his estate of Châteauvieux in the Berry, south of Blois. Further reading
Prosper de Barante. (1861) Vie politique de M. Royer Collard, ses discours et ses écrits (2 vols). Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911) "Royer-Collard, <mask>". Encyclopædia Britannica.23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 794. Doria, Corinne, (2018) Un philosophe entre deux révolutions. <mask> Paul Royer-Collard (1763-1845). Presses Universitaires de Rennes, p. 350. References

1763 births
1845 deaths
People from Marne (department)
Politicians from Grand Est
Doctrinaires
Orléanists
Members of the Council of Five Hundred
Members of the Chamber of Deputies of the Bourbon Restoration
Members of the 1st Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 2nd Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 3rd Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 4th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
Members of the 5th Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy
University of Paris faculty
Members of the Académie

masks:
Pierre Paul
Pierre


title: Padarn

texts:
 steal Padarn's tunic and subsequently becomes Christian. It's too late to be reliable. But the episode was probably meant to increase Padarn's prestige and credibility as a saint by being granted credit for "Christianizing" the semi-historical leader who allegedly defeated the Anglo-Saxons with the help of Jesus Christ and the Virgin Mary in the battle of Mount Badon according to the 9th century ad monk Nennius.The author also seemed to confuse this Padarn with <mask> Redcoat whose coat was one of the Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain;

When Padarn was in his church resting after so much labour at sea, a certain tyrant, Arthur by name, was traversing the regions on either side, who one day came to the cell of saint Padarn the bishop. And while he was addressing Padarn, he looked at the tunic, which he, being pierced with the zeal of avarice, sought for his own. The saint answering said, "This tunic is not fitting for the habit of any malign person, but for the habit of the clerical office." He went out of the monastery in a rage. And again he returns in wrath, that he might take away the tunic against the counsels of his own companions. One of the disciples of Padarn seeing him returning in fury, ran to saint Padarn and said,  "The tyrant, who went out from here before, is returning. Reviling, stamping, he levels the ground with his feet".Padarn answers "Nay rather, may the earth swallow him." With the word straightway the earth opens the hollow of its depth, and swallows Arthur up to his chin. He immediately acknowledging his guilt begins to praise both God and Padarn, until, while he begs forgiveness, the earth delivered him up. From that place on bent knees he


title: Padarn

texts:
 begged the saint for indulgence, whom the saint forgave. And he took Padarn as his continual patron, and so departed. Paternus of Avranches
The British Padarn appears to be the same person as Saint Paternus of Avranches in Normandy. By tradition, it is said that he was born in Poitiers, became a monk at the  in France, and retreated with his fellow monk, Saint Scubilion, to the  in the diocese of Coutances before the Bishop of Coutances made him a priest in 512.Veneration
Feast day: April 16  Three days were kept to honour Padern in Armorica; the Armoricans celebrate three solemnities of his, namely, that day of the Kalends of November, when he formed perpetual unity with the six chief saints of Letia, the day of his obit, and the day he received the order of the episcopate, the twelfth before the Kalends of the month of July. As well as the church at Llanbadarn Fawr, there is a second church dedicated to him, in Llanberis in Gwynedd. St Padarn’s Institute, located at St Michael’s Conference Centre, Llandaff, handles training for ministry in the Church in Wales. Notes

Bibliography
Vita Sancti Paterno: The Life of Saint Padarn, written in  Cemis, Pembrokeshire, in the twelfth century. Found in the British Library Cotton Manuscript Vespasian A xiv. "Vita Sancti Paterni: The Life of Saint Padarn and the Original Miniu", Trivium 33 (2003)(Charles Thomas and David Howlett). External links
Vita Sancti Paterni.From ancienttexts.org. Retrieved June 19, 2009. LLanbadarn Fawr and <mask> Redcoat

6th-century Welsh bishops
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown
6th-century Breton bishops
Medieval Breton saints
Medieval Welsh saints
6th-century Frankish saints
Romano-British


title: René Duprée

texts:
<mask> (born December 15, 1983), better known by his ring name <mask> (; ) is a Canadian professional wrestler currently signed to Pro Wrestling Noah. Goguen is best known for his tenure in World Wrestling Entertainment, where he is a one-time World Tag Team Champion with Sylvain Grenier as the tag team La Résistance and a one-time WWE Tag Team Champion with Kenzo Suzuki. He has also worked for Japanese promotions All Japan Pro Wrestling, Wrestle-1 and Hustle. He is the first wrestler in WWE to win a title as a teenager. Goguen is the son of Canadian Maritimes wrestling promoter <mask>. Professional wrestling career

World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2002–2003)
In April 2002 Goguen signed with the World Wrestling Federation making him the youngest wrestler to sign with the WWF at the age of 18. On October 9, 2002, Goguen debuted under the ring name, <mask>, after his father, defeating Johnny Jeter.Duprée would team up with various wrestlers in dark matches on SmackDown! and Raw, while also competing in Ohio Valley Wrestling until April 2003. La Résistance (2003–2004)

After weeks of vignettes airing, Sylvain Grenier and Duprée made their first appearance on the April 28, 2003 episode of Raw as La Résistance by attacking Scott Steiner. Steiner had made remarks two weeks earlier comparing France to hell and Grenier and Duprée were offended. La Résistance went on to feud with Scott Steiner and Test, who was forced to be Steiner's tag team partner by Stacy Keibler. La Résistance ended up defeating Steiner and

masks:
René Emile Goguen
René Duprée
Emile Duprée
René Dupe


title: René Duprée

texts:
 leaving AJPW, Duprée wrestled on the European independent circuit only and won the Southside Heavyweight Championship in a triple threat match. However his time in Europe came to an end when he returned to Canada. On November 11, 2012, made his debut for the American indie circuit when Duprée lost to the Dynamic Sensation in a four corners match which also included Dan Maff and Devon Moore for Pro Wrestling Syndicate in Rahway, New Jersey.In May Rene and his father are restarted Grand Prix wrestling and featured talent from All Japan pro wrestling and other assorted talent. Hustle (2007–2009)

Gougen debuted for the Japanese promotion Hustle on August 15, 2007 under the name "<mask>", defeating fellow WWE alumnus Tajiri. After debuting, <mask> became a member of President Nobuhiko Takada's Takada Monster Army thus continuing his winning streak. Bonaparte and Wataru wrestled their grudge match was on September 22, with the stipulation being that Wataru's wife, Eiko, was to become the wife of the winner of the match. Bonaparte defeated his tag team partner Sakata via disqualification, thus winning Eiko. After a brief hiatus, Bonaparte made his return to the promotion in January 2008 and defeated Tajiri. His undefeated streak came to an end on January 17, when he and Giant Vabo lost to Tajiri and KUSHIDA.In July 2008, he lost the first round of the HUSTLE GP to Toshiaki Kawada. Goguen debuted a new masked gimmick, Dina Sharp, and teamed with Mighty Sharp, this gimmick didn't last long with them dropping the gimmick after only two shows. In

masks:
René Bonaparte
René


title: René Duprée

texts:
 April to May 2009, Bonaparte teamed with Lance Cade and stayed undefeated in tag team matches until they lost twice to Tajiri and Magnum Tokyo. In June, Bonaparte teamed with Travis Tomko as Armageddon, where Tomko was named Arma and Bonaparte was named Geddon. In July, Geddon turned on Arma and reverted to his <mask> name before defeating Arma. Goguen wrestled his final match for Hustle on October 10, where his team lost a five-on-five tag team match. All Japan Pro Wrestling

Voodoo Murders (2008, 2010–2011)
On June 22, 2008, Goguen debuted for All Japan Pro Wrestling under his <mask>e ring name and defeated Manabu Soya.During his short stint in 2008 he aligned himself with the Voodoo Murders stable where he teamed up with TARU mostly. On January 2, 2010, Duprée returned to AJPW and rejoined Voodoo Murders by filling in the final spot for a Voodoo Murders vs GURENTAI tag team match which he lost, later on in the night he lost a seventeen-man battle royal. In April, he participated in 2010's Champion Carnival, where he won only one match upon defeating Taiyō Kea. On September 20, 2010, Dupree and former tag team partner KENSO were defeated by Akebono and Taiyō Kea in a match for the World Tag Team Championship. From November 20 to December 7, Dupree teamed with TARU in the 2010 World's Strongest Tag Determination League, where they finished seventh in their bracket. On June 3, 2011, AJPW disbanded Voodoo Murders, suspended all of its Japanese members, including Duprée, and vacated all championships following the aftermath of a backstage

masks:
René Bonaparte
René Dupré


title: René Duprée

texts:
 Championship, which was won by Seiki Yoshioka. Return to the independent circuit (2015–present)
On January 24, 2015, Duprée made his first post Wrestle-1 appearance for the Canadian Wrestling Federation (CWF) defeating Tyson Dux. On May 20, 2015, Duprée began touring with his father promotion Atlantic Grand Prix Wrestling from May 2015 through August 2015. On April 29, 2017, Duprée defeated Hannibal to become the new GNW Canadian Champion as part of the 2017 AGPW tour in O'Leary, Prince Edward Island. On May 26, 2017, Duprée competed for What Culture Pro Wrestling as part of their World Cup tournament where he was defeated by Michael Elgin due to disqualification in the first round of the Canadian qualifier. On June 30, 2017, Duprée unsuccessfully defended his GNW Canadian Championship in a three-way elimination match against Wes Brisco and Hannibal, Brisco went on to win the championship. On August 12, 2017, <mask> and Sylvain Grenier defeated Kryss Thorn and Scotty O'Shea to win the Canadian Wrestling Federation Tag Team Championship.On February 9, 2018, Duprée debuted in Singapore Pro Wrestling (SPW) at SPW Repentless, but was defeated by "The Statement" Andruew Tang. Return to Wrestle-1 (2019)
On September 15, 2019, Duprée made his return to the Wrestle-1 promotion as part of the 2019 6th Anniversary tour taking part in an eight-man tag team match. Pro Wrestling Noah (2020–present)
Duprée made his Pro Wrestling Noah return as part of Takashi Sugiura's Sugiura-gun stable. He made his in-ring debut teaming with fellow Sugiura-gun


title: Donald William Kerst

texts:
<mask> (November 1, 1911 – August 19, 1993) was an American physicist who worked on advanced particle accelerator concepts (accelerator physics) and plasma physics. He is most notable for his development of the betatron, a novel type of particle accelerator used to accelerate electrons. A graduate of the University of Wisconsin, <mask> developed the first betatron at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, where it became operational on July 15, 1940. During World War II, <mask> took a leave of absence in 1940 and 1941 to work on it with the engineering staff at General Electric, and he designed a portable betatron for inspecting dud bombs. In 1943 he joined  the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory, where he was  responsible for designing and building the Water Boiler, a nuclear reactor intended to serve as a laboratory instrument. From 1953 to 1957 <mask> was technical director of the Midwestern Universities Research Association, where he worked on advanced particle accelerator concepts, most notably the FFAG accelerator. He was then employed at General Atomics's John Jay Hopkins Laboratory from 1957 to 1962, where he worked on the problem of plasma physics.With Tihiro Ohkawa he invented toroidal devices for containing the plasma with magnetic fields. Their devices were the first to contain plasma without the instabilities that had plagued previous designs, and the first to contain plasma for lifetimes exceeding the Bohm diffusion limit. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Galena, Illinois November 1, 1911, the son of Herman Samuel <mask> and Lillian E Wetz. He entered the University of Wisconsin, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1934, and then his Doctor of

masks:
Donald William Kerst
Kerst
Kerst
Kerst
Donald William
Kerst
Kerst


title: Donald William Kerst

texts:
 Philosophy (PhD) in 1937, writing his thesis on "The Development of Electrostatic Generators in Air Pressure and Applications to Excitation Functions of Nuclear Reactions". This involved building and testing a 2.3 MeV generator for experiments with the scattering of protons. Betatron
After graduation, <mask> worked at General Electric Company for a year, working on the development of x-ray tubes and machines. He found this frustrating, as x-ray research required high energies that could not be produced at the time.In 1938 he accepted an offer of an instructorship at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, where the head of the physics department, F. Wheeler Loomis encouraged <mask> in his efforts to create a better particle accelerator. The result of these efforts was the betatron. When it became operational on July 15, 1940, <mask> became the first person to accelerate electrons using electromagnetic induction, reaching energies of 2.3 MeV. In December 1941 <mask> decided on "betatron", using the Greek letter "beta", which was the symbol for electrons, and "tron" meaning "instrument for". He went on to build more betatrons of increasing energy, a 20 MeV machine in 1941, an 80 MeV in 1948, and a 340 MeV machine, which was completed in 1950. The betatron would influence all subsequent accelerators. Its success was due to a thorough understanding of the physics involved, and painstaking design of the magnets, vacuum pumps and power supply.In 1941, he teamed up with Robert Serber to provide the first theoretical analysis of the oscillations that occur in a betatron. The original 1940 machine was donated to the Smithsonian Institution in 1960. World War II

During World War II, <mask> took a

masks: Kerst Kerst Kerst Kerst Kerst


title: Donald William Kerst

texts: leave of absence from the University of Illinois to work on the development of the betatron with the engineering staff at General Electric in 1940 and 1941. They designed 20 MeV and 100 MeV versions of the betatron, and he supervised the construction of the former, which he brought back to the University of Illinois with him. He also designed a portable 4 MeV betatron for inspecting dud bombs. <mask>'s engineering and physics background placed him near the top of the list of scientists that Robert Oppenheimer recruited for the Manhattan Project's Los Alamos Laboratory, which was set up to design the atomic bomb. In August 1943, <mask> was placed in charge of the Laboratory's P-7 Group, which was  responsible for designing and building the Water Boiler, a nuclear reactor intended to serve as a laboratory instrument to test critical mass calculations and the effect of various tamper materials.Primarily drawn from Purdue University, his group included Charles P. Baker, Gerhart Friedlander, Lindsay Helmholtz, Marshall Holloway, and Raemer Schreiber. Robert F. Christy provided help with the theoretical calculations. Kerst designed an aqueous homogeneous reactor in which enriched uranium in the form of soluble uranium sulfate, was dissolved in water, and surrounded by a beryllium oxide neutron reflector. It was the first reactor to employ enriched uranium as a fuel, and required most of the world's meager supply at the time. A sufficient quantity of enriched uranium arrived at Los Alamos by April 1944, and the Water Boiler commenced operation in May. By the end of June it had achieved all of its design goals. The Los Alamos Laboratory was reorganized in August 1944 to concentrate on creating an

masks: Kerst Kerst


title: Donald William Kerst

texts:
 implosion-type nuclear weapon.Studying implosion on a large scale, or even a full scale, required special diagnostic methods. As early as November 1943, <mask> suggested using a betatron employing 20 MeV gamma rays instead of x-rays to study implosion. In the August 1944 reorganization, he became joint head, with Seth Neddermeyer, of the G-5 Group, part of Robert Bacher's G (Gadget) Division specifically charged with betatron testing. Oppenheimer had the 20 MeV betatron at the University of Illinois shipped to Los Alamos, where it arrived in December. On January 15, 1945, the G-5 Group took their first betatron pictures of an implosion. Later life
<mask> returned to the University of Illinois after the war. From 1953 to 1957 he was technical director of the Midwestern Universities Research Association, where he worked on advanced particle accelerator concepts, most notably the FFAG accelerator.He developed the spiral-sector focusing principle, which lies at the heart of many spiral ridge cyclotrons that are now in operation around the world. His team devised and analysed beam stacking, a process of radio frequency acceleration in fixed field machines that led to the development of the colliding beam accelerators. From 1957 to 1962 <mask> was employed at the General Atomics division of General Dynamics's John Jay Hopkins Laboratory for Pure and Applied Science in La Jolla, California, where he worked on plasma physics, which it was hoped was the doorway to the control of thermonuclear energy. With Tihiro Ohkawa he invented toroidal devices for containing the plasma with magnetic fields. The two completed this work at the University of Wisconsin, where <mask> was a professor from 1962 until his

masks: Kerst Kerst Kerst Kerst


title: Donald William Kerst

texts:
 retirement in 1980. Their devices were the first to contain plasma without the instabilities that had plagued previous designs, and the first to contain plasma for lifetimes exceeding the Bohm diffusion limit. From 1972 to 1973 he was also chairman of the Plasma Physics Division of the American Physical Society.<mask> was married to Dorothy Birkett <mask>. They had two children, a daughter, Marilyn, and a son, Stephen. After he retired, <mask> and Dorothy moved to Fort Myers, Florida. He died on August 19, 1993, at the University Hospital and Clinics in Madison, Wisconsin, from a brain tumor. He was survived by his wife and children. His papers are in the University of Illinois Archives. Awards and honors
 Honorary degree, Lawrence College, 1942.Awarded Comstock Prize in Physics, National Academy of Sciences, 1943. Awarded John Scott Award, City of Philadelphia, 1946. Awarded John Price Wetherill Medal, Franklin Institute, 1950. Elected to the National Academy of Sciences, 1951. Honorary degree, University of Sao Paulo, 1953. Honorary degree, University of Wisconsion, 1961. Founding member of the World Cultural Council, 1981.Awarded James Clerk Maxwell Prize in plasma physics, American Physical Society, 1984. Awarded Robert R. Wilson Prize for accelerator physics, 1988. Honorary degree, University of Illinois, 1989. Notes

References

External links

1911 births
1993 deaths
Accelerator physicists
20th-century American physicists
Founding members of the World Cultural Council
Manhattan Project people
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign faculty
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
People from Galena, Illinois
Fellows of the

masks: Kerst Kerst Kerst


title: Vincenzo Coronelli

texts:
<mask> (August 16, 1650 – December 9, 1718) was an Italian Franciscan friar, cosmographer, cartographer, publisher, and encyclopedist known in particular for his atlases and globes. He spent most of his life in Venice. Biography
<mask> was born, probably in Venice, on August 16, 1650, the fifth child of a Venetian tailor named <mask>. At ten, young <mask> was sent to the city of Ravenna and was apprenticed to a xylographer. In 1663 he was accepted into the Conventual Franciscans, becoming a novice in 1665. At age sixteen he published the first of his one hundred forty separate works. In 1671 he entered the Convent of Saint Maria Gloriosa dei Frari in Venice, and in 1672 <mask> was sent by the order to the College of Saint Bonaventura and Saints Apostoli in Rome where he earned his doctor’s degree in theology in 1674.He excelled in the study of both astronomy and Euclid. A little before 1678, <mask> began working as a geographer and was commissioned to make a set of terrestrial and celestial globes for Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma. Each finely crafted globe was five feet in diameter (c. 175 cm) and so impressed the Duke that he made <mask> his theologian. <mask>'s renown as a theologian grew and in 1699 he was appointed Father General of the Franciscan order. Later life

Coronelli worked in various European countries in the following years, before permanently returning to Venice in 1705. Here he started his own cosmographical project and published the volumes of Atlante Veneto. In his home city he founded the very first geographical society, the Accademia Cosmografica degli Argonauti.He also held the position of Cosmographer of the Republic of Venice. Later six volumes of the Biblioteca Universale Sacro-Profana were published by <mask>. This was a kind of encyclopedia, its compiled entries ordered alphabetically. <mask> died at the age of 68 in Venice,

masks:
Vincenzo Maria Coronelli
Vincenzo Coronelli
Maffio Coronelli
Vincenzo
Coronelli
Coronelli
Coronelli
Coronelli
Coronelli
Coronelli


title: Vincenzo Coronelli

texts:
 having created hundreds of maps in his lifetime. The International Coronelli Society for the Study of Globes, founded 1952 in Vienna, is named in <mask>'s honor. Globes for Louis XIV

Cardinal César d'Estrées, friend and adviser to Louis XIV and ambassador to Rome, saw the Duke of Parma’s globes and invited <mask> to Paris in 1681 to construct a pair of globes for the Most Christian King. <mask> moved to the French capital in 1681, where he lived for two years.Each globe was composed of spindles of bent timber about ten feet long and four inches broad at the equator. This wood was then coated with a layer of plaster about an inch thick and covered in a layer of strong unfinished fabric. This was then wrapped in a quarter-inch layer of two very fine fabrics which provided backing for the painted information of the globes. These globes, measuring 384 cm in diameter and weighing approximately 2 tons, are displayed in the Bibliothèque nationale François Mitterrand in Paris. The globes depicted the latest information of French explorations in North America, particularly the expeditions of René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. The Bergamo Globes
The request for "Globes" started as private princely commissions from a highly discriminating class, mostly concentrated in the courts of Northern and Central Europe. The art of coated cards globes, terrestrial or celestial, handwritten and often finely decorated, originated in Italy.<mask> was among the initiators of this art. The most famous Coronelli globes are divided into 2 groups: the first includes the Globes manufactured for the Duke of Parma and Louis XIV, which are unique for their extraordinary quality; the second one includes those built since 1688, as result of the fame of the first. Indeed, the quality of globes made for Louis XIV created the "request" for other Coronelli's globes. Their reputation was so

masks: Coronelli Coronelli Coronelli Coronelli


title: Vincenzo Coronelli

texts:
 Southwest Collection/Special Collections Library of Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas. The Ransom Center at The University of Texas in Austin has a pair of Coronelli globes both the 1688 Terrestrial and the Celestial (n.d.).a pair in the Biblioteca Marciana in Venice
 a pair in the Library Angelo Mai in Bergamo, while another two globes are now in restoration being part of the FAI project "Save the Globes". Selected maps

1690-91 Atlante Veneto
1696-97 Isolario dell' Atlante Veneto
1996 Londra
1692 Corso geografico universale
1695 Re-issued
1693 Epitome Cosmografica
1693 Libro dei Globi
1701 Re-issued
1695 World Map
1696 Pacific Ocean

Partial bibliography
 Morea, Negroponte & Adiacenze (1686). Atlante Veneto (1691 - 1696). Ritratti de celebri Personaggi (1697). Lo Specchio del Mare (1698). Singolarità di Venezia (1708-1709). Roma antico-moderna (1716).References

External links

 Les globes du Roi Soleil, exposition de la BNF
 Hall des Globes (bibliothèque nationale de France)
 List of the works of <mask> (1650-1718) at the Marciana National Library, Venice
 Picture of one of <mask>'s maps of the Koron fortress, Greece, excellent quality
  Reconstructions of the globes of <mask>
  Original technology 42 " diam. <mask> globe
 Pictures of facsimiles of <mask>'s 1688 & 1693 terrestrial and celestial globes
 Six plates from <mask>'s Epitome cosmografica of 1693: facsimiles of his only flat printed maps, at Linda Hall Library. High resolution 3D visualization of the Louis XIV globes made by the C2RMF
 Sphère céleste, 1688
 Sphère terrestre, 1688

17th-century Italian cartographers
Republic of Venice scientists
Republic of Venice writers
1650 births
1718 deaths
Catholic clergy scientists
Conventual Friars Minor
Ministers General of the Order of Friars Minor Conventual
Italian encyclopedists
Italian engravers
17th-century Venetian people
18th-century Venetian

masks:
Vincenzo Coronelli
Coronelli
Vincenzo Coronelli
Coronelli
Coronelli
Coronelli


title: Stanley Morgan (author)

texts:
<mask> (10 November 1929 – 24 August 2018) was an English writer and actor. He wrote fiction, in the comedy and thriller genres and had more than 40 books published between 1968 and 2006. Biography
Originally an actor, <mask> had many jobs as a young man, including sewing machine salesman, debt collector and bank clerk. In 1951, <mask> emigrated to Canada where he spent some time working in the Bank of Nova Scotia. In 1955, he emigrated again, this time to Southern Rhodesia. He resumed his acting career there and was sponsored to return to London after winning a Best Actor award. Upon returning to London, <mask> featured mostly in voice-overs ("Mullardability" the documentary he voiced for Mullard was nominated for the Special Film BAFTA in 1970), although he did have a small role in the James Bond film Dr. No playing the Concierge in the casino who first introduces Sean Connery as James Bond.Most of his acting credits were in second-feature crime shorts filmed at Merton Park Studios. Whilst between acting jobs in the late 1960s, <mask> began to write seriously and his first novel The Sewing Machine Man was published in 1968. Allegedly autobiographical, the novel revolved around the character Russ Tobin and <mask> went on to write a further 18 novels in the series. The latest of the Russ Tobin novels was published in 2005 after <mask> came out of retirement, mainly due to renewed interest in his work via the internet. Along with George Harrison and Paul McCartney, <mask> was an alumnus of the Liverpool Institute High School for Boys, which he

masks:
Stanley Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan


title: Stanley Morgan (author)

texts:
 attended between 1945 and 1946. In August 2018, <mask>'s webmaster announced his death on his website. <mask> died on 24 August 2018.This is typical of most of <mask>'s books of the late 1960s to late 1970s.THE STANLEY MORGAN FAN CLUB
A Blow For Gabriel Horn (1977)  W.H. Allen (hardback)
A Blow For Gabriel Horn (1977) Star Books (paperback)

Albert Shifty series
Inside Albert Shifty (1977) Star Books (paperback)

Other novels (non-comedy)
Too Rich To Live (1979) USA Fawcett Gold Medal (paperback)
Too Rich To Live (1980) UK Hamlyn (hardback)
Too Rich To Live (1981) UK Hamlyn (paperback)
The Dark Side Of Destiny (1982) Fawcett Gold Medal
Laura Fitzgerald (1983) Fawcett Gold Medal (paperback)
Raven (1989) Lynx Books (paperback)
Trance (2006) Twenty-First Century (paperback)

TV and filmography

Films
The Sleepwalkers 1959 (unreleased)
Gorgo (1960) – Sub-Lieutenant in Submarine Control (uncredited)
Clue of the Twisted Candle (1960, Merton Park Studios) – Sgt. Anson
The Clue Of The Silver Key (1961, Merton Park Studios) – Sgt. Anson
The Silent Weapon (1961, Merton Park Studios) – Sergeant Dobbs
Konga (1961, Merton Park Studios) – Insp. Lawson
Partners In Crime (1961, Merton Park Studios) – Sergeant Rutledge (uncredited)
The Square Mile Murder (1961 Merton Park Studios) – Detective Sergeant
The Share Out (1962, Merton Park Studios) – Detective Sgt. Anson
Hair of the Dog (1962) – Jim Lester
Dr No (1962) – Concierge in Casino (uncredited)
The L-Shaped Room (1962) – Waiter in Club
On the Beat (1962) – Policeman (uncredited)
Doomsday At Eleven (1963)

masks: Morgan Morgan Morgan


title: Mike Cuellar

texts:
<mask> (; May 8, 1937 – April 2, 2010) was a Cuban professional baseball player. He played for 15 seasons in Major League Baseball as a left-handed pitcher in 1959 and from 1964 through 1977, most prominently as a member of the Baltimore Orioles who won the American League (AL) pennant in each of <mask>'s first three seasons with the team. During that time, <mask> and the Orioles won the 1970 World Series. <mask> also played for the Cincinnati Reds, St. Louis Cardinals, Houston Astros and California Angels. <mask> and Denny McLain each won the AL Cy Young Award in 1969, due to a tie in the voting. For the Orioles, <mask> won 20-or-more games in a season four times from 1969 through 1974. Along with Jim Palmer, Dave McNally, and Pat Dobson, he was one of four Oriole starters to win at least 20 games in 1971.<mask>, nicknamed Crazy Horse because of his superstitious nature, ranks among Baltimore's top five career leaders in wins (143), strikeouts (1,011), shutouts (30) and innings pitched (2,028). In 1982, <mask> was inducted into the Baltimore Orioles Hall of Fame. Life and career

Early life and first stints in the majors
Miguel Angel <mask> Santana was born in Santa Clara, Cuba, on May 8, 1937. One of four brothers, <mask>'s family made their living working in Cuban sugar mills. Not interested in pursuing that as a career, <mask> joined the Cuban Army, which allowed him to play baseball on weekends. He threw a no-hitter for an army team in 1955, drawing attention from scouts. Following his army

masks:
Miguel Ángel Cuellar Santana
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: service, he pitched for a Nicaraguan independent team in 1956, then joined the Almendares winter league team over the offseason.In the 1950s, the Cincinnati Reds executed a working agreement with the Havana Sugar Kings of the Triple-A International League (IL), helping them acquire many Cuban players, including <mask>. <mask> struck out seven Montreal Royals in just over two innings of work in his first game with Havana in 1957. Used as a starting pitcher and as a relief pitcher (44 games, 16 starts), he posted an 8–7 record and led the IL in earned run average (ERA) with a 2.44 mark. The next season, he had a 2.77 ERA and a 13–12 record, pitching 220 innings. Entering the 1959 season, <mask> was featured on a baseball card in a Topps set for the very first time, though the company misspelled his name as "Cueller." Part of Cincinnati's roster to begin the season, <mask> made his major league debut with Cincinnati against the Philadelphia Phillies at Crosley Field on April 18, 1959. He entered the contest in relief of Don Newcombe in the second inning with the Reds losing 4–2.In his two innings of work, <mask> surrendered a grand slam to Gene Freese in the third and a two-run double to Al Schroll in the fourth. The Reds went on to lose 14–9. His only other appearance with the Reds came three days later against the Milwaukee Braves. Again he pitched two innings in relief, giving up two runs as the Reds lost 7–4. After that, he was returned to Havana; it would be several years before he pitched in

masks: Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: the major leagues again. For the rest of 1959, <mask> had a 10–11 record and 111 strikeouts. Though his 11 losses were tied with four others for eighth in the league, he ranked eighth with a 2.80 ERA and fifth with 220 innings pitched.Havana won the IL championship and defeated the Minneapolis Millers in the Junior World Series. The Sugar Kings moved to Jersey City, New Jersey, in the middle of the 1960 season in response to Fidel Castro's nationalization of American businesses in Cuba. In 33 games (21 starts) for the franchise, <mask> had a 6–9 record, a 3.53 ERA, and 74 strikeouts in 148 innings pitched. He split the 1961 season between three Triple-A teams: Jersey City of the IL and the Indianapolis Indians of the American Association (both Reds affiliates) and the Syracuse Chiefs of the IL (an affiliate of the Minnesota Twins). Exact statistics for this year are unknown. <mask> spent the 1962 season with the Sultanes de Monterrey of the Triple-A Mexican League, appearing in 37 games. He split the 1963 minor league season between affiliates of the Detroit Tigers and Cleveland Indians.For the Knoxville Smokies (Detroit) of the Double-A South Atlantic League, he had a 1–1 record, a 2.54 ERA, and 39 strikeouts. With the IL's Jacksonville Suns (Cleveland), he had a 6–7 record, a 3.79 ERA, and 85 strikeouts in 24 games (16 starts). After being stuck in the minors for five years, <mask> experienced improvement in 1964. During the offseason, while he had been playing winter ball, teammate Ruben Gomez

masks: Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: had suggested he start throwing a screwball. Signed by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1964, <mask> used the pitch about 30 percent of the time while pitching for Jacksonville, now an affiliate of the Cardinals. He made 10 starts for Jacksonville, posting a 1.78 ERA while winning six of seven decisions. Seeing his success, the Cardinals decided to promote him in mid-June.<mask> was used primarily as a relief pitcher for the rest of the year, though he also made seven starts. One of these came in the second game of a doubleheader against the Pittsburgh Pirates; <mask> allowed five runs in  innings but earned the win (his first) in a 12–5 Cardinal victory. <mask> also beat the Pirates on August 26, this time allowing just two runs in a complete game, 4–2 victory. Freese, who had hit a grand slam off of <mask> five years earlier, made the last out. The hitter said that "he's a lot faster and has come with quite a scroogie". In 32 games (seven starts), <mask> had a 5–5 record, a 4.50 ERA, 56 strikeouts, 33 walks, and 80 hits allowed in 72 innings pitched. The Cardinals made a late-season surge as the Phillies collapsed in September.This took the Cardinals and <mask> to the 1964 World Series. Though <mask> did not pitch in any of the games, he became a World Series champion for the first time as the Cardinals defeated the New York Yankees in seven games. In 1965, <mask> failed to make the Cardinals roster and was assigned to Jacksonville to begin the year. With the Suns, he posted a 2.51 ERA and a 9–1

masks: Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts:
 record. At the June 15 trade deadline, <mask> and Ron Taylor were traded to the Houston Astros for Hal Woodeshick and Chuck Taylor. Houston Astros (1965–68)
<mask> spent the rest of 1965 in the major leagues with the Astros, mainly as a relief pitcher, though he also made four starts. He posted a 5.81 ERA in his first 15 games, then posted an 0.72 ERA in his last 10.Twice in September, he had relief outings in which he pitched more than five scoreless innings. His record for the season was 1–4, and he struck out 46 batters in 56 innings, posting a 3.54 ERA. After beginning the 1966 season as a relief pitcher, <mask> was added to the starting rotation on April 25. Facing the Reds, <mask> held his old team to five hits and one unearned run in a 2–1 victory. After <mask> posted a 1.29 ERA in his first four starts, manager Grady Hatton said: "I've created a monster". Hatton explained: "For a while, all <mask> wanted to do was throw screwballs. But this year, he's mixing 'em up with fast balls and curves, and making the batters hit the ball.He's got good control and a good fast ball, and he's finally making use of them." <mask> had learned the curveball from Astro pitching coach Gordon Jones, and he was also throwing his screwball on 50-60 percent of his pitches. He strained a muscle in his side and had to leave a game on May 21 but was back to action by June 2. <mask> ultimately won his first six decisions, the last a 3–2 complete game over the Cardinals at the Astrodome on June 25, in which he

masks: Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: recorded a career-high 15 strikeouts. He suffered two close losses during the campaign. On August 12, he held the San Francisco Giants to four hits and one run in eight innings, but Gaylord Perry of the Giants threw a 92-pitch shutout. On September 10, he and Don Drysdale of the Dodgers held each other's teams scoreless through nine innings; <mask> took the loss when he gave up a run in the 10th.<mask> threw his first major league shutout on August 29, defeating the Pirates by a score of 2–0. In <mask>'s final start of the campaign, a 4–3 road win over Cincinnati in the second match of a September 28 twi-night doubleheader, he hit his first major-league home run, off Sammy Ellis, to lead off the top of the fifth. <mask> finished with a 12–10 record, 175 strikeouts, and a 2.22 ERA, (second in the National League (NL) to Sandy Koufax' 1.73). Following a loss on May 17, 1967, <mask> won six straight games, posting a 1.18 ERA over the span. The first of these was a 2–0 shutout of the Giants on May 21. He made the first of four All-Star Game appearances at Anaheim Stadium on July 11. He came into the contest in relief of Chris Short in the 11th.Of the seven batters he faced, the only baserunner he allowed in the two shutout innings he pitched was Carl Yastrzemski, who recorded a 12th-inning single. The NL eventually won 2–1 in 15 innings. On July 24, <mask> had held the Phillies to one hit and no runs through eight innings, as Houston led 1–0. During the ninth, Philadelphia manager Gene Mauch called

masks: Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: him a name from the dugout, hoping to start a fight and get both players ejected. Eddie Mathews of Houston acted as a peacemaker, but <mask> would allow an unearned run in the inning (due to a Mathews error). However, he finished the game, allowing only two hits total as Houston prevailed 2–1 in 11 innings. He threw back-to-back shutouts on September 22 and 27 against the New York Mets and Philadelphia; the latter of these was an 11-inning game in which he struck out 12.Five times <mask> struck out 10 or more batters in a game in 1967, the most coming on June 6, when he struck out 13 in a 3–2 win over the Cardinals. <mask> improved his record to 16–11 in 1967, with a 3.03 ERA. He tied with four other pitchers for fifth in the NL in wins and ranked fifth in strikeouts (203, the most he would ever record in a season). After the major league seasons, <mask> had typically played winter baseball in Latin America over the offseasons. However, the Astros asked him not to do so in the 1967-68 offseason because they thought he was pitching too much. When he returned to the team in 1968, he complained of arm soreness. He pitched only once in April and did not make a start until May 19.<mask> won his first three starts. On May 30, he threw a seven-hit shutout against the Braves in an 11–0 victory. He struck out a season-high 12 on June 21 and held the Phillies to one unearned run in a complete game, 2–1 victory. With a four-hit shutout of the Dodgers on July 29, <mask>'s record improved to 6–5. However, he


title: Mike Cuellar

texts:
 lost five straight decisions, not winning again until September 17. In 28 games (24 starts), he had an 8–11 record, though his ERA was 2.74. He struck out 133 batters in  innings.On December 4, the Astros traded <mask>, Enzo Hernández, and Tom Johnson to the Baltimore Orioles for Curt Blefary and John Mason. Baltimore Orioles (1969–76)

1969–71
With Baltimore, <mask> "blossomed into a star," according to reporter Matt Schudel. As the pitcher joined fellow starters Jim Palmer and Dave McNally, and sluggers Frank Robinson, Brooks Robinson and Boog Powell, the Orioles began a three-year run atop the American League (AL) in 1969. In his Baltimore debut on April 10, he pitched 10 innings and allowed just one unearned run against the Boston Red Sox. Though he did not get a decision, the Orioles prevailed 2–1 in 13 innings. He threw 10 innings in another game on April 23 (this one a 3–2 win over the Tigers), then threw a shutout against the Yankees four days later. Facing the Kansas City Royals on May 10, he threw a two-hit shutout in a 5–0 victory.On June 17 and 21, <mask> pitched a pair of complete-game four-hit, one-run victories, striking out 12 and nine batters respectively. He held the Red Sox to three hits on July 12 in a 4–0 shutout. In August, <mask> retired 35 batters in a row. The streak was ended on August 10 by César Tovar of the Minnesota Twins, as <mask> was three outs away from recording his first career no-hitter; Tovar's hit, which came in the top of ninth inning, was the only one the


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: Twins would manage against <mask> in his complete-game shutout (a 2–0 victory). He won seven straight games from July 24 through August 19 (the last of which was a shutout of the California Angels), then won six straight from August 27 to September 18. During the 1969 season, <mask> achieved a win-loss record of 23–11, struck out 182 batters, and recorded a 2.38 ERA, as Baltimore won a club-record 109 games and the very first AL East Division title. <mask>'s 23 wins ranked second in the AL to Denny McLain's 24, his 2.38 ERA ranked third (behind Dick Bosman's 2.19 and Palmer's 2.34), and his 182 strikeouts tied Joe Coleman for fifth.His five shutouts were third behind McLain's nine and Palmer's six. For his outstanding year, <mask> tied McLain for the AL Cy Young Award. <mask> became the first pitcher born in Latin America to win the Cy Young Award. He also finished eighth in AL Most Valuable Player (MVP) voting. The Orioles faced the Minnesota Twins in the American League Championship Series. In Game 1, <mask> allowed three runs (two earned) in eight innings, leaving with his team trailing 3–2. Baltimore tied it in the ninth on a Boog Powell home run, then scored the winning run in the 12th on a Paul Blair RBI single to win the game 4–3.The Orioles went on to sweep the Twins three games to none en route to winning the American League Pennant and earning a berth in the World Series against the New York Mets. <mask> again got the start in Game 1, allowing one run over four innings and outpitching

masks: Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: Tom Seaver in a 4–1 victory. The two faced off again in Game 4; <mask> pitched seven innings, allowing just a home run to Donn Clendenon, but the Orioles were losing 1–0 when <mask> exited the game. Brooks Robinson tied the game with a sacrifice fly in the ninth, taking <mask> off the hook for the loss, but the Orioles lost the game 2–1 in 10 innings. In the next game, the Mets completed one of the biggest World Series upsets ever, winning the 1969 Series four games to one against the heavily favored Orioles. <mask>'s triumph in Game One wound up being the only Baltimore victory. On May 29, 1970, <mask> struck out 10 batters, including four in the same inning, as he threw a four-hit shutout against the Angels.Twice in the first half of the season, he allowed only two hits in a game, on May 24 and June 11 (both Oriole wins). He threw a four-hit shutout against the Tigers on July 3, then pitched all 10 innings of a 6–2 victory over the Yankees four days later. <mask> made the All-Star team for the second time, picked by Weaver, who was managing the team. Through June, his ERA was 4.34 (though his record was 8–5), but <mask> only lost three times for the rest of the season while winning 16 more games and posting a 2.78 ERA. On August 11, he threw a four-hit shutout against the Angels for the second time that season. On August 27, <mask> became the second pitcher in the AL (after teammate McNally) to win 20 games, allowing 10 hits but earning the win in a 6–4 victory over the Athletics. He threw his


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: fourth shutout of the season on September 9, necessary for Baltimore's 1–0 victory over the Yankees.<mask>'s win-loss record was 24–8 in 1970; he recorded a 3.48 ERA and 190 strikeouts. <mask>'s 24 wins tied with McNally and Jim Perry for the major league lead. He led the AL in games started (40, tied with four others), and complete games (21), also ranking among the AL leaders in strikeouts (fifth), shutouts (four, tied with two others for third), and innings pitched (, third, behind Palmer and Sam McDowell's 305). However, <mask> finished in fourth place in the voting for the American League Cy Young Award. "He should have won the Cy that year, but not doing so never affected his performance," teammate Palmer opined. In the AL MVP voting, <mask> finished 11th. <mask>, Palmer, and McNally combined for 68 wins, the most for a starting trio since three Detroit Tigers did so in 1944.The Orioles faced the Twins again in the ALCS, and <mask> started Game 1. Struggling on the mound in the cold weather at Metropolitan Stadium, he surrendered six runs in  innings. However, he contributed offensively in the fourth inning, when he hit a pitch from Jim Perry that barely stayed fair as it passed over the right field fence for a grand slam. The Orioles won 10–6, then went on to sweep the Twins for the second year in a row. <mask> had a rocky start in Game 2 of the 1970 World Series against the Reds, lasting only  innings and giving up four runs (though only one was earned). However, Baltimore rallied to win


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: the game 6–5. In Game 5, <mask> was hit hard early, giving up three runs to the Reds in the first inning.It was then that his pitching coach, George Bamberger, advised <mask> to stop throwing his screwball for the rest of the game. <mask> settled himself down and followed Bamberger's advice by relying on his fastball, curveball, and changeup, to shut out the Reds for the next eight innings for an impressive 9-3 complete game victory that clinched the World Series title for the Orioles. Forty years later, reporter <mask> wrote, "Of his 185 big league victories, none meant more than that World Series win to <mask>." Facing the Indians in his second start of the year on April 14, 1971, <mask> only struck out two batters but only allowed four hits in a 3–0 shutout win. He took pleasure in a complete game, 3–2 win over the Indians on May 26. Earlier in the year, Cleveland manager Alvin Dark had said that <mask>'s fastball "couldn't blacken an eye." He won 11 decisions in a row from May 12 through July 8, posting a 2.17 ERA in that span.The first of these was a 6–0 shutout of the Kansas City Royals on May 12 in which Jerry May had the only hit off of him, a third-inning single. He shut out the Milwaukee Brewers on June 4, then held the Minnesota Twins to one run in a complete game, 2–1 victory five days later. Teammate Pat Dobson was so impressed with <mask>'s success, he started wearing his socks for good luck. With a 13–1 record and a 2.88 ERA in the first half, <mask> was selected to his third

masks:
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Mike Klingaman
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar
Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts:
 All-Star Game. In the second half, he was only 7–8, but his ERA was 3.34. Against the Twins on August 10, he gave up Harmon Killebrew's 500th home run. He held the White Sox to four hits on August 24 in a 1–0 shutout.In 1971, <mask>'s regular-season win-loss record was 20–9, and he had a 3.08 ERA and 124 strikeouts. His 20 wins tied with four others for sixth in the AL, his four shutouts were tied with 10 others for seventh, his  innings pitched were fourth in the AL (behind Mickey Lolich's 376, Wilbur Wood's 334, and Vida Blue's 312), and his 21 complete games were also fourth (behind Lolich's 29, Blue's 24, and Wood's 22). Palmer and McNally each won 20 games again, and newcomer Dobson did so as well, making the Orioles the first team to have four twenty-game winners since the 1921 Chicago White Sox. Though <mask> did not get any Cy Young votes, he finished 24th in AL MVP voting. This year in the ALCS, the Orioles faced the Athletics instead of the Twins. <mask> started Game 2, allowing just one run and six hits in a complete game, 5–1 victory. The Orioles swept the ALCS for the third year in a row and earned a berth in the World Series against the Pirates.In Game 3, <mask> allowed five runs (four earned) in six innings, suffering the defeat in the 5–1 loss. He allowed just two runs over eight innings in Game 7, but Steve Blass of the Pirates allowed only one run, and Pittsburgh won the series as <mask> suffered a difficult loss. 1972–76
On May 26, 1972, <mask> threw a four-hit shutout in a 2–0


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: victory over the Indians. He won only two of his first nine games in 1972, though his ERA was 3.50. After June 4, he posted a 16–7 record for the rest of the year, with a 2.36 ERA. Though striking out only two Yankees on June 28, he allowed five hits and no runs in a 4–0 shutout. A little over a month later, he allowed just three hits in a 5–0 shutout of the Yankees on July 30.On August 11, he struck out a season-high 13 batters in a 2–1 win over Boston. From August 25 through September 16, he won five straight decisions for the Orioles. Nine shutout innings on September 3 were not enough for a win as the Angels scored a run against Eddie Watt in the 10th to win 1–0, but <mask> threw nine more shutout innings four days later, getting credit for the win this time in a 9–0 victory over the Tigers. In 35 starts, he had an 18–12 record, a 2.57 ERA, and 132 strikeouts in  innings pitched. His 18 wins were tied with Clyde Wright for 10th in the AL. <mask> got off to a 2–6 start in 1973, posting a 5.00 ERA through June 9. Afterwards, he went 16–7, posting a 2.56 ERA.He held the Texas Rangers to three hits on June 15 in a 1–0 shutout. Ten days later, he pitched all 12 innings of a 4–3 win over the Brewers. On July 19, he struck out 12 batters and pitched all 11 innings of a 3–1 victory over the Angels. He threw a five-hit shutout against the White Sox on August 18 in a 3–0 victory. From August 9 through September 1, he won six starts in a row; after losing on September 5, he won his last four decisions

masks: Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: of the year. On September 17, he allowed four runs (two earned) and struck out nine as he pitched all 10 innings of a 5–4 win over the Yankees. In 38 starts, he had an 18–13 record, a 3.27 ERA, and 140 strikeouts in 267 innings.After a one-year absence from the playoffs, the Orioles won the AL East again, facing the defending World Series Champion Athletics in the ALCS. The starter for Game 3, <mask> pitched every inning of an 11-inning game, matching pace with Ken Holtzman of the Athletics for 10 innings before finally giving up a game-ending home run to Bert Campaneris in a 2–1 loss. The Athletics won the series in five games. During 1974 spring training, <mask> began parking in a special spot in the reporters-only parking lot, perhaps thinking that The Cuban Star referred to him. "Who else is Cuban star on this club?" he asked. Despite a broken toe, he was ready for the start of the season.After losing all three of his April decisions, he won nine straight decisions before finally suffering another loss on June 21. Included in that streak were two shutouts: a rain-shortened seven-inning game against Boston on May 17 and a 1–0 victory over the Twins on June 17. Against the Yankees on June 30, <mask> struck out only one batter but threw a six-hit shutout in a June 30. He was selected to the All-Star Game for the fourth time in his career. On August 15, he struck out a season-high 10 batters and held the White Sox to six hits and one run in a complete game, 2–1 victory. After a loss on August 24,

masks: Cuellar Cuellar Cuellar


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: <mask> won seven of his last nine games, and the two he did not get the decision in were also Oriole victories. In early September, <mask>, Palmer, McNally, and Ross Grimsley set an AL record with five consecutive shutouts.<mask> threw two in the streak, both 1–0 victories. <mask> had a great season in , finishing with a win-loss record of 22–10, a 3.11 ERA, and 106 strikeouts. He led the AL in winning percentage with a .688 mark, and his 22 wins were third in the league behind Hunter's and Fergie Jenkins's 25. <mask> pitched 20 complete games (tied with Steve Busby for eighth), including five shutouts (tied with Jim Bibby for fourth), as he earned a sixth-place finish in the Cy Young Award voting. From 1969 through 1974, <mask>'s .665 winning percentage was the best in the major leagues. Again, the Orioles won the Eastern Division and faced the Athletics in the ALCS. In Game 1, <mask> gave up three runs over eight innings, pitching craftily and earning the victory as the Orioles won 6–3.He allowed just one hit in Game 4, but his control was not good; he walked nine hitters and was lifted in the fifth inning after walking in a run. The Athletics only scored one more all game, but that was enough for a series-clinching, 2–1 win. It would be <mask>'s final postseason start; in playoff games, he had gone 4–4 and posted a 2.85 ERA. In <mask>'s second start of 1975 on April 16, he allowed just three hits in a 2–0 shutout of the Brewers. On May 31, a third-inning single by Bruce Bochte was the only hit


title: Mike Cuellar

texts: <mask> allowed in a 1–0, shutout victory over the Angels. He gave up six hits in a shutout of the Red Sox on June 22, a 6–0 victory in the first game of a doubleheader. After the Tigers knocked <mask> out in the second inning of a game on June 26, 1975, he returned three days later and held Detroit to five hits and one run in a complete game, 2–1 victory.On July 26, he took a no-hitter into the seventh inning against the Brewers and finished with one hit allowed (a single to George Scott) and 10 strikeouts in a 4–0 victory over the Brewers. He allowed just two hits on August 11 in a 4–0 shutout of the Royals. On September 2, in the first game of a doubleheader against Cleveland, he pitched all 10 innings, allowing 11 hits but just two runs as the Orioles won 3–2. <mask>'s ERA in 1975 was 3.66, the highest it had been since 1964-though his five shutouts tied his career high, his pitching was not as consistent as usual. He had a 14–12 record and struck out 105 batters in 256 innings. The five shutouts tied with three others for third in the AL, behind Palmer's 10 and Hunter's seven. By 1976, <mask> was 39 years old, and his age negatively impacted his performance.He did shut out the Rangers on June 20, limiting Texas to three hits in a 2–0 victory. After posting a 4–12 record and a 5.14 ERA through the end of July, he was moved to the bullpen. He made five relief appearances for the Orioles in August, then did not pitch at all once the Orioles made their September call-ups. In 26 games (19 starts),