title: Alun Armstrong

texts:
<mask> (born 17 July 1946), known professionally as <mask>, is an English actor. He grew up in County Durham in North East England, and first became interested in acting through Shakespeare productions at his grammar school. Since his career began in the early 1970s, he has played, in his words, "the full spectrum of characters from the grotesque to musicals... I always play very colourful characters, often a bit crazy, despotic, psychotic". His credits include several Charles Dickens adaptations, and the eccentric ex-detective Brian Lane in New Tricks. He is also an accomplished stage actor who spent nine years with the Royal Shakespeare Company. He originated the role of Thénardier in the London production of Les Misérables, and won an Olivier Award in the title role in Sweeney Todd.Early life
Born <mask> in Annfield Plain, County Durham, his father was a coal miner and both his parents were Methodist lay preachers. He attended Annfield Plain Junior School, then Consett Grammar School, where a teacher inspired him to try acting. In the lower sixth, he played Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew, a role he later played with the Royal Shakespeare Company. <mask> took part in the National Youth Theatre summer school in 1964, but his background and northern accent made him feel out of place. He auditioned for RADA but was not accepted. He instead studied fine art at Newcastle University. He found the course pretentious and felt that he did not fit in, and he was expelled after two years when he stopped attending classes.<mask> had jobs with a bricklayer and as a gravedigger before he decided to try acting again. He started out as an assistant stage manager at the Cambridge Arts Theatre, then went on to a Theatre in Education company affiliated with the Sheffield Repertory Theatre. He also performed in several Radio 4 dramas. Career

Film
<mask> made his screen debut in Get Carter (1971). On learning that the film was being made in Newcastle, <mask> wrote a letter to MGM, the studio making the film, and was invited to meet

masks:
Alan Armstrong
Alun Armstrong
Alan Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong


title: Alun Armstrong

type: original

texts:
 director Mike Hodges, who was keen to cast local actors. <mask> has appeared in a number of films, although usually in supporting roles. In A Bridge Too Far (1977), he had a small role as one of the British troops at the Battle of Arnhem.He played a French soldier, Lieutenant Lecourbe, in Ridley Scott's 1977 film "The Duellists". He had a supporting role as the bandit leader Torquil in the 1983 fantasy film Krull. His first cinematic lead role was as Maxwell Randall, the titular vampire in Alan Clarke's snooker musical Billy the Kid and the Green Baize Vampire (1987). <mask> sang "I Bite Back". In Patriot Games (1992), <mask> played an SO-13 officer. In Braveheart (1995), he played the Scottish noble Mornay who betrayed William Wallace. He was the villainous Egyptian cult leader Baltus Hafez in The Mummy Returns (2001), and he portrayed Saint Peter with a Geordie accent in Millions (2004).He also had small roles as the High Constable in Sleepy Hollow (1999), Cardinal Jinette in Van Helsing (2004), Magistrate Fang in Roman Polanski's Oliver Twist (2005) and Uncle Garrow in Eragon (2006). Television
<mask> has had over 80 roles in television productions. During the 1970s, he appeared in various TV series, including episodes of Whatever Happened to the Likely Lads?, Porridge, Public Eye and The Sweeney. He was cast in two mini-series dealing with coal miners in North East England. He played Joe Gowlan in The Stars Look Down (1974) based on the novel by A. J. Cronin and he appeared in Ken Loach's Days of Hope (1975) set in his native County Durham. In a 2007 interview, <mask> singled out Days of Hope as a favourite: "I loved that because it was my own history and background that was being dramatised and, in a way, nothing gets better than that". In the comedy series A Sharp Intake of Breath, he played a variety of characters who complicate the life of the main character played by David Jason.In 1977, he was the strict Deputy Headmaster in Willy Russell's Our Day Out, a television play about a group of poor schoolchildren on a

masks: Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong


title: Alun Armstrong

texts: daytrip. He also starred in the 1981 Yorkshire Television drama Get Lost! <mask> has portrayed characters from the works of Charles Dickens. He played Wackford Squeers and Mr. Wagstaff in the eight-hour Royal Shakespeare Company stage adaptation of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby that was filmed for television in 1982. He has appeared in two versions of Oliver Twist: the 1999 ITV mini-series as Agnes Fleming's father Captain Fleming and the 2005 Roman Polanski film as Magistrate Fang. He has had roles in four BBC Dickens adaptations, as Daniel Peggotty in David Copperfield (1999); as Inspector Bucket in Bleak House (2005); as Jeremiah and Ephraim Flintwinch in Little Dorrit (2008); and as Hiram Grewgious in The Mystery of Edwin Drood (2012). <mask> has been a fan of Dickens since reading David Copperfield aloud in school.He particularly remembered Dan Peggotty's houseboat on the beach, and in order to play the role he turned down an offer from Clint Eastwood, with whom he had worked on White Hunter Black Heart. In the BBC drama series Our Friends in the North (1996), he played Austin Donohue, a character based on the politician T. Dan Smith. <mask> portrayed 18th century politician Henry Fox in the BBC serial Aristocrats (1999). In the 2000 TV film This Is Personal: The Hunt for the Yorkshire Ripper, he portrayed George Oldfield, the Assistant Chief Constable for Crime at West Yorkshire Police whose health deteriorated during the investigation as he received messages purportedly from the killer. He was nominated for a Royal Television Society award for his role in This Is Personal. In the second series of Bedtime (2002), he played a widower concerned about his son's suspicious behaviour. He and Brenda Blethyn co-starred in Between the Sheets (2003) as a frustrated married couple in sex therapy.In an adaptation of Carrie's War, he played a strict man who reluctantly takes in two children evacuated to Wales during World War II. <mask> is known for his role as Brian Lane in the BBC One series New Tricks about a

masks: Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong


title: Alun Armstrong

texts:
 group of former police detectives who help investigate unsolved and open cases for London's Metropolitan Police. The character of Brian Lane is an obsessive and socially inept recovering alcoholic who has a great capacity for remembering details of old cases and colleagues. In August 2012, <mask> announced he would leave the show after the tenth series. The announcement followed comments by the cast in an interview with the Radio Times that criticised some of the series' writing, and which drew an angry rebuttal from the show's writer-director Julian Simpson. During the run of New Tricks, <mask> continued to take on other projects. He starred in the 2004 TV film When I'm 64 about a lonely retired schoolteacher who starts a relationship with another man.He chose the role, despite his apprehension about filming a love scene with co-star Paul Freeman, because he thought it was a lovely and thought-provoking story. He also starred in The Girls Who Came to Stay (2006), about a British couple who take in two girls exposed to the effects of the Chernobyl disaster, and Filth (2008), as the husband of "Clean-Up TV" activist Mary Whitehouse. For three series from 2009 to 2011, he played William Garrow's mentor John Southouse in the BBC period legal drama Garrow's Law. In 2012, he played the Earl of Northumberland in the BBC2 adaptations of Henry IV, Parts I and II. His son <mask> played Northumberland's son Hotspur. In the 2014 Showtime horror series Penny Dreadful, <mask> played Vincent Brand, an actor who gives Frankenstein's monster a job at the Grand Guignol. He guest starred in the 2014 Christmas special of Downton Abbey, and took the role of Clifford Bentley in ITV cop drama Prime Suspect 1973.Theatre
In addition to his film and television work, <mask> has acted in many theatre productions. One of his early roles was Billy Spencer in David Storey's play The Changing Room at the Royal Court Theatre directed by Lindsay Anderson in 1971. In 1975, he played Touchstone in As You Like It directed by Peter Gill at the Nottingham

masks:
Armstrong
Armstrong
Joe Armstrong
Armstrong
Armstrong


title: Alun Armstrong

texts: Playhouse. <mask> spent nine years with the Royal Shakespeare Company from 1979 to 1988. On tour and at the Donmar Warehouse in 1979–80, he played Dogberry in Much Ado About Nothing and Azdak in The Caucasian Chalk Circle. In 1981, <mask> joined the cast of the eight-hour production of The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby as Wackford Squeers. The company went on tour to perform on Broadway at the Plymouth Theatre.The play was filmed for television at the Old Vic Theatre in 1982. In productions at the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, the Theatre Royal, Newcastle, and the Barbican Theatre in 1982–83, <mask> played Trinculo in The Tempest and Petruchio in The Taming of the Shrew with Sinéad Cusack as Kate. In 1983, he played Ralph Trapdoor in The Roaring Girl starring Helen Mirren. He performed the roles of Leontes in The Winter's Tale and John Proctor in The Crucible on a national tour that included Christ Church, Spitalfields in 1984 and on tour to Poland in 1985. In 1985–86, he played Thersites in Troilus and Cressida. In the autumn of 1985, <mask> took on what is perhaps his best-known stage role: Thénardier in the original London production of Les Misérables. Thénardier and his wife, played by Susan Jane Tanner, are innkeepers whose shady practices are revealed in the song "Master of the House."<mask> described Thénardier as "a gruesome and comic character." <mask> was one of the first to be cast, along with fellow Royal Shakespeare Company members Sue Jane Tanner and Roger Allam. He was involved in fleshing out his role, particularly in the second act song "Dog Eats Dog." He was surprised by the success of Les Misérables "because it is different to other musicals. Different because it is a sung musical throughout and also a little operatic; I didn't think it would be very popular." He left the production after a year because he became bored with the repetition and wanted to move on to other things. He sings on Original London Cast Recording.He reprised the role, paired with Jenny Galloway as Mme. Thénardier, in Les

masks: Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong


title: Alun Armstrong

texts:
 Misérables - The Dream Cast in Concert at the Royal Albert Hall in October 1995, which was filmed and released on DVD. He also appeared in the 25th anniversary concert, though Matt Lucas performed the role of Thénardier. <mask> received nominations in two categories for the 1985 Olivier Award: Outstanding Performance by an Actor in a Musical for Les Misérables and Actor of the Year for The Crucible and The Winter's Tale. In 1988, he was again nominated for the Olivier Award for the roles of Barabas in an RSC production of The Jew of Malta and the Captain in a National Theatre production of The Father by August Strindberg. The New York Times review of The Father said: "At its imploding center is the superb actor <mask> <mask>... 'To eat or be eaten, that is the question,' says the captain. By evening's end, Mr. <mask> seems to have been devoured alive by his inner demons..."

During the short run of the musical The Baker's Wife at the Phoenix Theatre in 1989–90, he played the role of the baker Aimable Castagnet.The production, directed by Trevor Nunn, received positive reviews but did not attract large audiences and closed after 56 performances. He was nominated for an Olivier Award for Outstanding Performance of the Year by an Actor in a Musical. <mask> won the Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Musical in 1994 for his performance as Sweeney Todd in the 1993 London revival of the musical at the National Theatre. The play also won for Best Musical Revival and his co-star Julia McKenzie won Best Actress in a Musical. At the Donmar Warehouse, <mask> appeared as Albert Einstein in Terry Johnson's Insignificance in 1995, and he played Hamm in Samuel Beckett's Endgame in 1996. He starred as Willy Loman in a 1996–97 National Theatre production of Death of a Salesman. In 1997–98, he appeared in a production of the comedy The Front Page directed by Sam Mendes at the Donmar Warehouse.The Independent review noted: "As for <mask> <mask>, we don't meet him until late in the second of three acts but he dominates the entire evening. He

masks: Armstrong Alun Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Alun Armstrong


title: Alun Armstrong

texts:
 barks, bleats and bellows across the stage, grabbing Hildy and the show by the scruff of the neck and hurtling through to a zinger of a climax." <mask> took the lead role at short notice in Shelagh Stephenson's play Mappa Mundi in 2002, replacing Ian Holm who withdrew due to illness. In 2006, he returned to the stage to star in Trevor Nunn's production of The Royal Hunt of the Sun at the National Theatre. At the Proms in 2012, he played Alfred Doolittle in a performance of My Fair Lady starring Annalene Beechey and Anthony Andrews. <mask> stars in a 2014 production of Ionesco's black comedy Exit the King at the Theatre Royal, Bath's Ustinov Studio. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Sue, have three sons: Tom, Joe (also an actor), and Dan.Father and son played older and younger versions of the same character in the 2010 BBC drama A Passionate Woman, and they played Northumberland and his son Hotspur in the 2012 BBC adaptation of Henry IV. Dan was a musician in the band Clock Opera. <mask> appeared in the music video for their song "The Lost Buoys". In July 2009, <mask> was awarded two honorary degrees in recognition of his contributions to the arts. He received an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University of East Anglia and an Honorary Doctorate of Arts from the University of Sunderland. The theatre at the Civic Hall in Stanley, County Durham, near <mask>'s hometown, was named after him in 2014. <mask> is an avid supporter of AFC Wimbledon football club, as is his character in New Tricks.Filmography

Film

Television

Theatre

Radio

 2018 The Case of Charles Dexter Ward. BBC Radio 4. References

External links

 <mask> <mask> at the BFI Database

1946 births
Living people
People from Annfield Plain
Actors from County Durham
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
Laurence Olivier Award winners
People educated at Consett Grammar School
Royal Shakespeare Company members
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
National

masks: Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Armstrong Alun Armstrong


title: Timothy J. G. Harris

texts:
<mask>. G<mask> (born 1958) is an historian of Later Stuart Britain. Biography

A native of London, <mask> was educated at the University of Cambridge, from which he received a BA (1980), MA (1984), and PhD (1985). From 1983 to 1986, he was a fellow at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. His doctoral dissertation was published by Cambridge University Press as London Crowds in the Reign of Charles II in 1987. Since 1986, <mask> has been a member of the faculty of the Department of History at Brown University. There, he was an assistant professor from 1986 to 1990; an associate professor from 1990 to 1995; a full professor from 1995; and has been the Munro-Goodwin-Wilkinson Professor in European History from 2004 to the present. ;

<mask>' work has focused on the intersection of high politics with popular politics; popular protest; popular religion; and politics in the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Ireland, and the Kingdom of Scotland.His work has mainly focused on the reigns of Charles II of England, <mask> and II of Scotland and England, William III of England and Mary II of England, and Anne, Queen of Great Britain. Publications

 "The Bawdy House Riots of 1668", Historical Journal, 29, 3 (1986), pp. 537–556. London Crowds in the Reign of Charles II (Cambridge University Press, 1987). "Was the Tory Reaction Popular? : Attitudes of Londoners toward the Persecution of Dissent, 1681-1686", London Journal, 13, 2 (1988), pp. 106–120."Talking with Christopher Hill", in G. Eley and W. Hunt, eds., Reviving the

masks:
Timothy J
. Harris
Tim Harris
Harris
Harris
James VII


title: Timothy J. G. Harris

texts:
 English Revolution: Reflections and Elaborations on the Work of Christopher Hill (Verso, 1988), pp. 99–103, 343–345. "The Problem of 'Popular Political Culture' in Seventeenth-Century London", History of European Ideas, Vol. 10, No. 1 (1989), pp. 43–58. "London Crowds and the Revolution of 1688", in Eveline Cruickshanks, ed., By Force or By Default?The Revolution of 1688 (<mask>, 1989), pp. 44–64. The Politics of Religion in Restoration England 1660-1688, ed. with <mask> and Paul Seaward (Basil Blackwell, 1990),
 "Enrico VIII", Storia e Dossier (October, 1991), pp. 67–97. "From Rage of Party to Age of Oligarchy? Re-thinking the later Stuart and early Hanoverian Period", Journal of Modern History, 64 (1992), pp.700–720. "Un Parlamento Contro Il Re: Alle origini della guerra civile inglese", Storia e Dossier (November, 1992), pp. 67–97. Politics under the Later Stuarts: Party Conflict in a Divided Society, 1660-1715 (Longman, 1993). "Tories and the Rule of Law in the Reign of Charles II", The Seventeenth Century, 8, 1 (1993), pp. 9–27. "Party Turns?Or, Whigs and Tories Get Off Scott Free", Albion, 25, 4 (1993), pp. 581–590. "Sobering Thoughts, But the Party is Not Yet Over: A Reply", Albion, 25, 4 (1993), pp. 645–647. Ed., Popular Culture in England, c. 1500-1850 (Macmillan / St. Martin's Press, 1995). "Propaganda and Public Opinion in Seventeenth-Century England", in <mask>, ed., Media and Revolution: Comparative Perspectives (University of Kentucky Press, 1995), pp. 48–73."The Civil War and its

masks:
John Donald
Mark Goldie
Jeremy Popkin


title: Timothy J. G. Harris

texts: Aftermath", The European Legacy, I, 8 (December, 1996), pp. 2284–2289. "What’s New About the Restoration? ", Albion, 29, 2 (1997), pp. 187–222. "The Parties and the People: The Press, the Crowd and Politics 'Out-of-Doors' in Restoration England" in <mask>, ed., The Reigns of Charles II and James VII and II (Macmillan, 1997), pp. 125–51."Reluctant Revolutionaries? The Scots and the Revolution of 1688-9", in Howard Nenner, ed., Politics and the Political Imagination in Later Stuart Britain: Essays Presented to <mask> Schwoerer (University of Rochester Press / Boydell and Brewer, 1997), pp. 97–117. "The British Dimension, Religion, and the Shaping of Political Identities during the Reign of Charles II", in Tony Claydon and Ian McBride, eds., Protestantism and National Identity: Britain and Ireland, c. 1650-c.1850 (Cambridge University Press, 1998), pp. 131–56. "The People, the Law and the Constitution in Scotland and England: A Comparative Approach to the Glorious Revolution", Journal of British Studies, 38 (January, 1999), pp. 28–58."The Autonomy of English History? ", in <mask>, ed., The New British History c. 1500-1707: A  Reader (I. B. Tauris, 1999), pp. 266–86. "The Legacy of the English Civil War: Rethinking the Revolution", The European Legacy, 5 (2000), pp. 501–14. Ed., The Politics of the Excluded, c. 1500-1850 (Palgrave, 2001)."Understanding Popular Politics in Restoration Britain", in Alan Houston and Steven C. A. Pincus, eds, A Nation Transformed: England after the Restoration (Cambridge

masks:
Lionel Glassey
Lois Green
Glenn Burgess


title: Timothy J. G. Harris

texts: University Press, 2001), pp. 125–53. "The Leveller Legacy: From the Restoration to the Exclusion Crisis", in Michael Mendle, ed., The Putney Debates of 1647: The Army, the Levellers, and the English State (Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 219–40. "Perceptions of the Crowd in later-Stuart London", in J. F. Merritt, ed., Imagining Early Modern London: Perceptions and Portrayals of the City from Stow to Strype, 1598-1720 (Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 250–72. "Incompatible Revolutions?: The Established Church and the Revolutions of 1688-89 in Ireland, England and Scotland", in Allan I. Macinnes and <mask> eds., The Stuart Kingdoms in the Seventeenth Century (Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2002), pp. 204–225. "The Augustan House of Commons", Parliamentary History, 23 (2004), pp. 375–85. Restoration: Charles II and His Kingdoms, 1660-1685 (Penguin, 2005). "The Reality Behind the Merry Monarchy", History Today, 55 (June 2005), 40–45. Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685-1720 (Penguin, 2006)."In Search of a British History of Political Thought", in David Armitage ed., British Political Thought in History, Literature and Theory, 1500-1800 (Cambridge University Press, 2006), pp. 89–108. "Politics, Religion and Community in Later Stuart Ireland", in Robert Armstrong, ed., Community in early modern Ireland (Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2006), pp. 51–68. Ed., The Entring Book of Roger Morrice, 1677-1691, 7 vols (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2007, 2009). "James II, the Glorious


title: Timothy J. G. Harris

texts:
 Revolution, and the Destiny of Britain", Historical Journal, 51, 3 (2008), 763–75. "'There is none that loves him but drunk whores and whoremongers': Popular Criticisms of the Restoration Court", in <mask> Alexander and Catherine Macleod, eds., Politics, Transgression, and Representation at the Court of Charles II (Yale University Press, New Haven, 2008), pp.33–56. "Restoration Ireland: Themes and Problems", in Coleman Dennehy, ed., Restoration Ireland: Always Settling and Never Settled (Ashgate, 2008), pp. 1–17. "'A Sainct in Shewe, a Devill in Deede': Moral Panics and anti-Puritanism in Seventeenth-Century England", in David Lemmings, ed., Moral Panics, the Press and the Law in Early Modern England (Palgrave, 2009), pp. 97–116. "The Ends of Life and the Rise of Modernity", Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 41:3 (2010–11), 421–33. "Popular, Plebeian, Culture: Historical Definitions", in <mask> Raymond, ed., The Oxford History of Popular Print Culture, Volume 1: Beginnings to 1660 (Oxford University Press, 2011), pp.50–8. "England’s 'little sisters without breasts': Shaftesbury and Scotland and Ireland", in <mask>, ed., Anthony Ashley Cooper, The First Earl of Shaftesbury 1621-1683 (Ashgate, 2011), pp. 183–205. Ed. with Stephen Taylor, The Final Crisis of the Stuart Monarchy: The Revolutions of 1688-91 in their British, Atlantic and European Contexts. (Boydell, 2013). .

References

External links
 https://research.brown.edu/myresearch/<mask>

Living people
1958 births
Brown University

masks:
Julia Marciari
Joad
John Spurr
Tim Harris


title: Lady Miss Kier

texts:
<mask> (born August 15, 1963), better known as Lady Miss Kier, is an American singer, songwriter, DJ, designer, fashion icon, and activist. She was the vocalist for the band Deee-Lite, followed by a career as a disc jockey and solo songwriter. She has supported causes such as LGBTQ rights, women's rights, human rights, the environmental movement, the anti-war movement, and the get out the vote movement. Early life
Kirby was born in Youngstown, Ohio. As a child, she lived in Pittsburgh, Virginia Beach, and Washington, D.C. At the age of 17, she moved to New York City to study fashion design at the Fashion Institute of Technology but she was disillusioned by the teachers and dropped out immediately to design on her own. She designed and sold eccentric disco-inspired clothes to people she met at nightclubs. Music career

Deee-Lite
In 1982, Kirby met Ukrainian-born Dmitry Brill ("Supa DJ Dmitry") to whom she sold silver platform boots and a glitter blue spacesuit, for his band, Shazork.In 1986, she began experimenting with singing and writing music with Brill, forming the band Deee-Lite. Shortly after their first show in 1986, Brill was introduced to Towa Tei, a Japan-raised Korean DJ whom Kirby and Brill invited to join the band several years later. Combining Kirby's vocal and writing talents with Brill's sampling skills and Tei's techno mixing, the three formed the band Deee-Lite. They had performances every month, with Kier designing new costumes for each one. She continued to do go-go dancing at Bentleys and The Copacabana until the band signed a seven-album deal with Elektra Records. Deee-Lite's sound was a mix of house music, techno and electronic dance music. Deee-Lite shot to stardom in 1990 with the release of their first album World Clique and the hit "Groove Is in the Heart".At the 1991 MTV Video Music Awards, Deee-Lite was nominated for several awards, including Video


title: Lady Miss Kier

texts:
 of the Year, Best Dance Video, Best New Artist, Best Breakthrough Video, and Best Editing in a Video. Kirby was very involved in the band's output: writing, producing, and performing the bulk of the band's songs. Known as much for their outrageous personae and costumes as for their music, the three took on larger-than-life alter-egos: Super DJ Dmitri, Jungle DJ Towa Tei, and Lady Miss Kier. Kirby is credited with designing and creating the look of the band, as well as much of the artwork accompanying the band's albums and marketing material. Her initial look relied on revamped and exaggerated retro style 1960s fashion. Her signature look was a zip-up catsuit, platform shoes and flipped hair-do. In 1992, the band released their second album, Infinity Within, a politically charged work.Their third album Dewdrops in the Garden was released in 1994 and was composed of pseudo-rave instrumentals or witty, funky showcases for <mask>er's rich vocals. Neither of the two follow-up albums matched the commercial success of the debut album. The second and third albums were hampered by difficulties with the label, which refused to promote, support touring, or fund contractual videos. The band functionally broke up during the writing of their third album in 1993, but Kirby and Brill decided to finish the project and tour together to promote the album before going their separate ways. Deee-lite disbanded in 1995 after Brill and Kirby's relationship fractured. In 1996, a remix album was released. A greatest hits album was released in 2001.

International DJ and songwriting solo career
In 1995, after quitting the band, <mask> Kier moved to London where she began touring as a disc jockey and learning the technical end of production, recording, and engineering.In the late 1990s, she collaborated on the albums of Bootsy Collins, I Kamanchi and A Guy Called Gerald. In 2002, she contributed an

masks:
Lady Ki
Lady Miss


title: Lady Miss Kier

texts:
 exclusive solo track called "I'm Not Staying at Home" to the compilation Straight Up & Dirty. Since going solo, she has featured and co-written with artists such as Full Cycle, George Clinton, Walter "Junie" Morrison, A Guy Called Gerald, Apollo Heights, and several P-Funk luminaries. Outside of the studio, she showcased her live performances with new material for various music, film, and art festivals, as well as headlining several Gay pride events worldwide. In 2012, she began performing a Deee-Lite tribute for various occasions, including the 2013 Paris Fashion Week for Kenzo as well as a tribute to New York City disc jockey Mark Kamins at Santos Party House. As a disc jockey, she has spun internationally at thousands of clubs and major music festivals including Coachella Festival (2007), Berlin's Berghain (2010) and Sydney Mardi Gras (2012), as well as radio programs such as East Village Radio and Sirius XM. Live performances
In 2005, motivated by the invasion of Iraq, she began internationally performing live new unreleased music, including the DFA release covering George Clinton's anti–war song "Bullet Proof".She has headlined numerous festivals and gay pride events as well as opened for James Brown's last tour at the Good Vibrations festival in Australia. Fashion recognition
Kirby has received the following recognition in the fashion industry:

 In 1990, she was on the cover of Vogue. In 1991, when designer Emilio Pucci was given a lifetime achievement award from the Council of Fashion Designers of America, she was asked to star in the tribute video. In 2010, Elle named her one of Music's 25 Most Influential Style Icons along with Grace Jones, Beyoncé, Debbie Harry, and MIA. In 2010, Glamour named <mask> as one of the Top Influential Music Style Icons with Rihanna, <mask>, and Gwen Stefani. In 2012, Vogue quoted her experience with John Fluevog and the rise of "The

masks:
Kier
Lady Gaga


title: Lady Miss Kier

texts:
 RuPaul's Drag Race, American Crime Story, Coronation Street, Transparent, Misfits, Hello Ladies, The Heat, New Girl, How I Met Your Mother, It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Private Practice, License to Wed, Dancing with the Stars, What Love is, Down to You, Lost & Found, Can't Hardly Wait, Bill Nye the Science Guy, The War Room, Cruel Summer, Beavis and Butt-Head, and Big Mouth. In 2018, the Netflix series Big Mouth released a Planned Parenthood and Deee-lite themed episode—relatedly, Lady Miss Kier has been a longtime pro-choice advocate and safe sex was a theme in Deee-lite's music. In 1995, Lady Kier was featured in Wigstock: The Movie, which included live footage of her performing and a song on the soundtrack.In 2001 she was included in Summer Love: The Rave-umentary. In 2005, Lady <mask> was the featured artist on the podcast Ron-Kat-Delic Show. Her words also were shared through a number of published books, including Verbal Abuse – No 3 by Chi Chi Valenti, Creative Time: The Book: 33 Years of Public Art in New York by Anne Pasternak, Creative License: The Law and Culture of Digital Sampling by Kembrew McLeod and Peter DiCola and All Music Guide to Electronica: The Definitive Guide to Electronic Music by Vladimir Bogdanov. Panels and appearances
Lady Miss <mask> has spoken at Princeton University's "Youth Music and Youth Culture", Cooper Union's multimedia presentation "Hiccup" in 1993, Apple's 1995 "Future Arts Panel" with Peter Gabriel and Electronic Frontier Foundation founder, John Perry Barlow, George Washington University's Law School Summit Future of Music Coalition in 2007 and New York University's "NYU Panel Nelson Sullivan: Vlogging in the 80s" in 2013. In 2013 she was featured in an exhibit entitled "NYC 1993", which was presented through New York City's New Museum. Beyond the installation, her voice recording was played via pay phones throughout the New

masks:
Miss Kier
Kier


title: Lady Miss Kier

texts:
 York area. In 2013, Lady <mask>er was the featured voiceover artist in The Jazz Foundation of America's animated promo for the event "A Great Night in Harlem."Space Channel 5 and lawsuit
In 2003, Kirby sued video game company Sega, claiming that the character of "Ulala" in its Dreamcast game Space Channel 5 was an unauthorized use of her likeness. Kirby claimed that Sega offered to pay her  to license her name, image and songs for the game, though she rejected its offer. Kirby alleged that the video game maker later used her resemblance anyway (including the name Ulala – referencing Kirby's signature phrase "Ooh la la" in her recorded and live performances), at which point she initiated the lawsuit. During the lawsuit, Sega was able to show that the game was released in Japan the year before Kier stated that she was contacted by Sega about using her likeness, and that the developers had never heard of either Kier or her music. The case lasted until 2006, when the judge ruled in favor of Sega and Kier lost her appeal. She was obliged to pay Sega's legal fees of $608,000 (reduced from $763,000 on request). Political views and activism
Lady <mask> is a social, environmental, and human rights activist.She is also a vocal advocate for LGBTQ rights and is a straight ally. As such, she has been invited to be a host, performer, master of ceremonies, and disc jockey at pride parades. She is staunchly pro-choice rights and is a women's rights advocate, was featured in TV informercial promoting pro-abortion rights political action "The Most Exciting Women in Music" alongside Corina, Juliet Cuming, Kim Gordon (Sonic Youth), MC Lyte, Kate Pierson (The B-52's), Crystal Waters, Tina Weymouth (Talking Heads, Tom Tom Club) in 1991. In 1991, Lady Miss <mask> was an award presenter at the Reebok Human Rights Awards. She is a supporter of the environmental movement. The 1992 Deee-Lite album

masks:
Miss Ki
Kier
Kier


title: Felix Felton

texts:
<mask> (12 August 1911 – 21 October 1972), known professionally as <mask>, was a British film, television, stage and voice actor as well as a radio director, composer and author. Radio work
In his earlier years <mask> considered becoming a professional pianist, a composer or a classical scholar, but instead chose to become an actor. At the University of Oxford where he studied Music he was President of the Oxford University Dramatic Society. He began his acting career as Bottom in Max Reinhardt's production of A Midsummer Night's Dream. He joined BBC Radio in 1934 where he was a producer, actor and director until 1948, producing Calling Germany in 1943 and directing a BBC Radio production of George Bernard Shaw's Candida in 1946, among others. In 1941 he was a Senior Instructor on the BBC's 'General Broadcasting Technique' course which included George Orwell as a student when he joined the BBC's Overseas Service. He resigned from his post at the BBC in 1948 in order to concentrate on a career as a freelance writer and actor.In 1957 he adapted Rosemary Sutcliff's The Eagle of the Ninth in six episodes for BBC Children's Hour with himself playing the part of Guern the hunter. In 1961 he also adapted Rosemary Sutcliff's The Lantern Bearers into a six-part series for Children's Hour for BBC Radio; In 1962 he adapted her book Dawn Wind for radio and himself played the role of Einon Hen. <mask> adapted The Hound of the Baskervilles into Baskervilles Hund which was broadcast on Danish radio in January 1964. In 1965, together with Susan Ashman, he adapted Quo Vadis by Henryk Sienkiewicz as a

masks:
Robert Forbes Felton
Felix Felton
Felton
Felton


title: Felix Felton

texts:
 ten part serial for the BBC Home Service. In this major radio drama production he played the prominent role of Gaius Petronius Arbiter the adviser and confidant of the Roman Emperor Nero. Acting career

Theatre
<mask>'s stage appearances included the speaking-role of Merlin in a concert version of King Arthur and broadcast by BBC Radio from Cambridge in 1949, The Pajama Game at the London Coliseum (1955), Nekrassov by Jean-Paul Sartre at the Royal Court Theatre (1957), and Frank Loesser's musical Where's Charley? with Norman Wisdom at the Palace Theatre in London in 1958.Film
His film roles included Councillor in Lady Godiva Rides Again (1951), Foreman of the Jury in Night Was Our Friend (1951), Dr Slammer in The Pickwick Papers (1952), Boxing Promoter in The Gambler and the Lady (1952), Governor in The Beggar's Opera (1953), Closterman in My Death is a Mockery (1952), Mr Patch in Our Girl Friday (1953), Alfred (uncredited) in The Million Pound Note (1954), Examiner (uncredited) in Doctor in the House (1954), Man of the Moment (1955), Bar customer in Confession (1955), Police Commissaire in Escapement (The Electronic Monster in the USA) (1960), Mayor in It's Trad, Dad! (1962), Dr George Thomas in Doctor at Sea (1955), Uncle in Pacific Destiny (1956), Reform Club member (uncredited) in Around the World in 80 Days (1956), Man in Cinema in Just My Luck (1957), First Gambler (uncredited) in The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll (1960), Farm Patient (uncredited) in Doctor in Distress (1963), Tetchkinov in Licensed to Kill (1965), Second Minister in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968), and Cellar


title: Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 BC)

texts:
<mask> (before 91 BC – c. 48 BC) was a Consul of the Roman Republic in 49 BC. Family and political career

The Claudii Marcelli were a plebeian family, members of the nobiles with a long history of consulships throughout the history of the Republic. Following a century without the family reaching the consulship, three Claudii Marcelli were Consuls in succession: in 51 BC <mask> (the brother of <mask>); in 50 BC <mask> (their cousin); and in 49 BC <mask> himself. <mask> was born sometime before 91 BC. His father was M. <mask>, curule aedile of 91; his great-grandfather was M. <mask> who was three times consul, and whose own grandfather – also a M. Claudius <mask> – was five times consul and fought against Hannibal in Italy. Nothing is known of his earlier life, any military service, or his quaestorship and entry to the Senate, although he may have been the candidate in opposition to Clodius for the curule aedileship of 56 BC of whom, on 23 November, Cicero wrote "The candidate Marcellus is snoring so loud that I can hear him next door"  (although the other two contemporary Claudii Marcelli are also possibilities). <mask> must have held the praetorship at the latest in 52 BC, but he could have held the office some years before – there is no mention of this in the historical record.In 50 BC <mask> was elected consul for the following year alongside Lentulus Crus, as opponents to Caesar. Both his brother Marcus and cousin <mask> (Minor) had strongly opposed Caesar during their own consulships, working to have his proconsulship of Gaul terminated and to prevent Caesar from standing for election as consul of 48 BC in absentia. Caesar had blocked Marcus by working with the tribunes and the other consul, Servius Sulpicius Rufus, and then <mask> (Minor) by heavily bribing his consular colleague, Lucius Aemilius Paullus, but had not yet been able to secure election to a second consulship without having to

masks:
Gaius Claudius Marcellus
Marcus Claudius Marcellus
Gaius Marcellus
Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor
Gaius Marcellus
Gaius Marcellus
Claudius Marcellus
Claudius Marcellus
Marcellus
Marcellus
Marcellus
Gaius
Gaius


title: Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 BC)

texts:
 stand as a candidate in Rome and without relinquishing his proconsular command (which would expose him to prosecution for illegalities in his first consulship). The election of <mask> and Lentulus as consuls for 49 BC was within the normal framework of family connections and influences, but also a snub to Caesar through his own candidate, Servius Sulpicius Galba. <mask> and Lentulus Crus continued the policy of the Claudii Marcelli in their opposition to Caesar. Civil War

Late in 50 BC, with much of the Senate wanting peace and unwilling to act against Caesar, the consul <mask> (Minor) took matters into his own hands and led a coup, without the backing of the Senate and directed against Caesar, aiming to put control of an army into the hands of Pompeius. Lentulus, as consul-elect certainly joined with him in this, possibly <mask> Major too.Neither the Claudii Marcelli or Lentulus were particular adherents of Pompeius, a powerful magnate and general, but saw him as a tool to use against Caesar. On the Kalends 1 January 49 BC, <mask> and Lentulus entered office, and were presented at once with letters from Caesar, the tenor of which was claimed to be a declaration of war: Caesar would stand his legions down provided Pompey did as well; otherwise, he intended to retain them and "move quickly" to avenge the wrongs done against him—presumably against Rome. The Senate's response was an ultimatum: Caesar was to disband his legions or be declared a public enemy. After a week of angry exchanges, on 7 January 49 BC, the senate under Lentulus and <mask> passed the "final decree" (senatus consultum ultimum); the tribunes Antonius and Cassius fled with Caesar's envoy, the younger <mask> Curio, from Rome to meet Caesar at Ravenna. Whilst Lentulus is recorded as the more vehement of the consuls in instigating the action that caused the tribunes to flee, <mask> does not seem to have been aloof. On 10 January,

masks:
Marcellus
Gaius Marcellus
Gaius Marcellus
Gaius Marcellus
Marcellus
Marcellus
Gaius Scribonius
Marcellus


title: Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 BC)

texts: Caesar famously crossed the Rubicon, starting the Civil War. Initially Marcellus remained in Rome, with the consuls opposing any accommodation with Caesar, maintaining an anti-Caesarian hysteria, and pressuring Pompeius to cross Italy and raise troops.On 17 January both <mask> and his colleague followed Pompeius in leaving Rome ahead of Caesar's advancing forces, scandalously without even making the usual sacrifices before departure. They went south to Teanum where, on 22 January, Lucius Julius Caesar, a kinsman serving with Caesar, brought conciliatory proposals from the proconsul. On 25 January Cicero (whose letters provide the details of these events) met with <mask> and Lentulus in Capua, along with many other senators who had fled Rome. Cicero reported to his correspondent, Atticus, that all were anxious that Caesar should stand by his offer and they had sent messages back to him. However, within a few days Cicero was reporting to Atticus that the consuls did not care for peace. Lentulus was even reported to have tried to recruit gladiators at one stage, but thought better of this when criticized. The whereabouts of Marcellus was not known, even by 7 February, when he was two days late for a meeting with Lentulus and Cicero.The latter despaired, writing in frustration that the consuls were of no use and that no recruiting was being done. Pompeius himself wrote from Luceria on 17 February to <mask> and Lentulus urging them to collect all the troops they could and join him at Brundisium. By 20 February the consuls had done so. In late February Caesar sent his agent, Cornelius Balbus (the younger) on a secret mission to win over the consul Lentulus with the bribe of a lucrative province; there is no hint that he made any similar offers to <mask>, which may be an indication of the latter's comparative honesty or, perhaps more likely, his comparative insignificance in Roman politics. Balbus was

masks: Marcellus Marcellus Marcellus Marcellus


title: Gaius Claudius Marcellus (consul 49 BC)

texts:
 too late in any case: Pompeius had sent both consuls and their forces on ahead of him to Dyrrhachium and he followed with the remainder by 4 March, narrowly evading Caesar. Cicero condemned this, as it destroyed the negotiations for peace which he claimed to be mediating. Very little is known specifically about <mask> after crossing to Dyrrachium, though he is addressed by the Goddess Discordia in Petronius' Satyricon, urged to hold fast to the decree which commanded Caesar to resign his proconsulship, the senatus consultum of 7 January 49 BC.Pompeius placed much emphasis on his fleets to prevent Caesar from crossing from Italy. One fleet, that from Rhodes, was jointly commanded by <mask> in association with <mask>ponius. Other than this, nothing is known of <mask>' involvement in the Civil War. The command of the Rhodian fleet at Dyrrachium was later mentioned as being under the command of Quintus Coponius and was wrecked in a storm. It is speculated  that <mask> was a casualty of the war – at least, he was not alive a few years later when Cicero was writing or delivering his Philippics (March 43 BC). <mask> is not mentioned further. Notes

References

Modern works

Ancient authors

 Appian: The Civil Wars, Book 2
 Caesar: Commentarii de Bello Civili (B.C.)"Commentaries on the Civil War" (Wikipedia)
 Caesar: Commentarii de Bello Gallico (B.G.) "Commentaries on the Gallic War" (Wikipedia)
 Cicero: Epistulae ad Atticum (Letters to Atticus)
 Cicero: Epistulae ad Familiares (Letters to his Friends)
 Cicero: Philippics
 Dio Cassius: Roman History
 Plutarch: The Life of Julius Caesar
 Plutarch:  The Life of Cicero
 Plutarch: The Life of Pompeius
 Suetonius: Divus Iulius (Vitae XII Caesarum)
 Velleius Paterculus: Historia Romana (Roman History)

40s BC deaths
1st-century BC Roman consuls
<mask> (consul 705 AUC)
Optimates
Roman Republican praetors
Senators of the Roman Republic
Year of birth

masks:
Marcellus
Marcellus
Gaius Co
Marcellus
Marcellus
Marcellus
Gaius


title: Amy Chu

texts:
<mask> is a comic book author who runs the comic imprint Alpha Girl Comics as well as writing comics for other publishers. She wrote the six-issue miniseries Poison Ivy: Cycle of Life and Death and a few Wonder Woman issues for DC. Early life
<mask> was born in Boston in 1968 and moved frequently in her youth, spending her formative years in Iowa. In 1989, she received dual degrees at Wellesley, East Asian Studies, and MIT, Architectural Design. She was in Hong Kong from 1995 to 1997 running the Macau tourism office. Returning to the United States she went to Harvard Business School for her MBA in 1999. Career
In 2010, she started Alpha Girl Comics when she and her friend, Georgia Lee, discussed the lack of female voices in comics.<mask> took a course in creative writing and developed her interest in comics writing from there. She has continued to focus on the lack of representation of women in the comics industry speaking on panels at comic events. She published three collections of short stories under Alpha Girl Comics titled Girls Night Out from 2012 to 2014. Several were funded through Kickstarter, as well as in 2017, a remaster and collection of all three volumes into paperback format. <mask> has been writing Red Sonja for Dynamite Entertainment since late 2016. She also started working on Dynamite's KISS in 2016. <mask> took over writing duties for Dynamite's

masks:
Amy Chu
Chu
Chu
Chu
Chu


title: Amy Chu

texts:
 Green Hornet beginning with the 2018 run.<mask> was recognized as a cultural leader of the year, for 2018, by the Corea Image Communications Institute and said she had plans to write a comic in Seoul. Personal life
In 2001 <mask> married Laurence Chang, an investment analyst who is also a graduate of Harvard; they both kept their surnames. She has two children and as of 2018 resides in Princeton, New Jersey. Bibliography

Writer

Alpha Girl Comics
Girls Night Out (2010-2017)
Girls Night Out (tpb, 104 pages, 2017) collects:
 "And Other Stories" (with Cabbral, Louie Chin, Silvio dB, Craig Yeung and Chris Sotomayor, in #1, 2010)
 "Tales of New York" (with Brian Shearer, Cabbral, Craig Yeung, Gannon Beck, Louie Chin, Rachelle Rosenberg, Sean Chen, Silvio dB and <mask>, in #2, 2011)
 "The Way Love Goes" (with Larry Hama, Craig Yeung, Sean Von Gorman, Louie Chin, Anderson Cabral and Silvio dB, in #3, 2014)
The VIP Room (one shot, with Silvio dB, 20 pages, 2013)

Dark Horse Comics
The Secret Loves of Geeks (2018)
The Secret Loves of Geeks (tpb, 200 pages, February 2018,  ) collects:
"First Loves" (with Valentine De Landro, February 2018)

Darryl Makes Comics
DMC (2014 - 2015)
DMC GN #2 (tpb, 100 pages, 2015, ) collects:
"LAK6 Remixed!" (with Alison M Smith, in #1.5, October 2015)

Dynamite Entertainment
Kiss (October 2016 - July 2017)
Kiss: The Elder Vol. 1 - A World

masks:
Chu
Chu
Tom Chu


title: Owen Hart

texts:
<mask> (May 7, 1965 – May 23, 1999) was a Canadian professional wrestler who worked for several promotions including Stampede Wrestling, New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). He received most of his success in the WWF, where he wrestled under both his own name and the ring name The Blue Blazer. A member of the <mask> wrestling family, he was born in Calgary, Alberta, the youngest of twelve children of Stampede Wrestling promoters Stu and <mask>. Among other accolades, <mask> was a one-time USWA Unified World Heavyweight Champion, a two-time WWF Intercontinental Champion, a one-time WWF European Champion, and a four-time WWF World Tag Team Champion, as well as the 1994 WWF King of the Ring. He headlined multiple pay-per-view events for the WWF, and was widely regarded as one of the company's best in-ring performers. <mask> died on May 23, 1999, due to injuries following an equipment malfunction and fall from the rafters of Kemper Arena in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, during his ring entrance at the WWF's Over the Edge pay-per-view event. Early life
<mask> was born on May 7, 1965, in Calgary, Alberta into the Hart wrestling family and was the youngest child of Stu and <mask>.He grew up in a household with eleven older siblings: Smith, Bruce, Keith, Wayne, Dean, Ellie, Georgia, Bret, Alison, Ross and Diana. He was of Greek descent through his maternal grandmother and Irish through his maternal grandfather. His father was mainly of Scots-Irish descent, but also had Scottish and German ancestry. Because his mother, Helen, was born in New York, <mask> was a dual citizen

masks:
Owen James Hart
Hart
Helen Hart
Owen
Hart
Owen
Helen Hart
Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 of Canada and the United States. Professional wrestling career

Training, Stampede and Japan (1983–1988)
<mask> first gained wrestling experience in the amateur wrestling division at high school, through which he met his wife, Martha. Wrestling was not <mask>'s first choice for a career; as Martha explained in her book Broken Harts, <mask> tried numerous times to find a profitable living outside of wrestling. <mask> is quoted as saying, in the WWE Home Video "Owen Hart of Gold" that "during his time in the University, he wrestled incognito (under a mask) as the original British Bulldog.Then, after he graduated from the University, he wrestled as "Bronco" <mask> at Royal Albert Hall in London, England. As those attempts were unsuccessful, <mask> was trained in his father's Hart Dungeon and worked for his father's federation, Stampede Wrestling and in England for Max Crabtree's Joint Promotions in matches that got broadcast on ITV's World of Sport. He remained with Stampede for the next couple of years while honing his skills. During 1986, <mask> teamed with Ben Bassarab and won the Stampede Wrestling International Tag Team Championship. The success of the team and <mask>'s in-ring skills earned him Pro Wrestling Illustrateds Rookie of the Year Award in 1987. After he and Bassarab lost the tag team title, he feuded with Johnny Smith and Dynamite Kid. In 1987, <mask> branched out to Japan where he wrestled for New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) on several tours.In NJPW, he wrestled Keiichi Yamada, both before and after he debuted the Jushin Liger gimmick. On May 27, 1988, <mask> defeated Hiroshi Hase for the IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship,

masks:
Hart
Hart
Owen
Owen
Owen Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 becoming the first non-Japanese wrestler to win the title. His reign would end nearly a month later, as he lost the title to Shiro Koshinaka on June 24, 1988. World Wrestling Federation (1988–1989)
<mask>'s success in Japan and Stampede's working relationship with the World Wrestling Federation led to <mask> signing with the company in the summer of 1988. Instead of promoting <mask> as Bret <mask>'s younger brother, the WWF decided to create a masked "superhero" type gimmick for him which played to his high-flying style. He broke into the WWF as The Blue Blazer (initially The Blue Angel), with his early appearances seeing him defeat the likes of Terry Gibbs, Steve Lombardi and Barry Horowitz. The Blue Blazer made his pay-per-view debut at Survivor Series '88, teaming with The Ultimate Warrior, Brutus Beefcake, Jim Brunzell and Sam Houston against The Honky Tonk Man, Greg Valentine, Outlaw Ron Bass, Bad News Brown and Dangerous Danny Davis.The Blazer was eliminated by Valentine, but his team went on to win the match. He continued to wrestle in the midcard, defeating enhancement talent but often falling short against other name talent; he lost to Ted DiBiase on the March 11, 1989 Saturday Night's Main Event XX and was defeated by Mr. Perfect at WrestleMania V.

Return to Stampede, Japan and Mexico (1989–1991)
Shortly after WrestleMania, <mask> left the WWF to tour the world both with and without the Blue Blazer gimmick. He also returned to Stampede, until it shut down in December 1989. In 1991, <mask> lost the Blue Blazer mask in a mascara contra mascara match against Mexican wrestler El Canek, and would not utilize the gimmick again until

masks: Hart Hart Owen Hart Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 1998. He also returned to New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). In 1990 he went to Germany and worked Catch Wrestling Association.World Championship Wrestling (1991)
<mask> debuted in World Championship Wrestling's self-titled TV show on March 16, 1991, the first of five TV matches he competed in, all of which were against preliminary talent such as Mark Kyle. One of the bouts saw him team with Ricky Morton. Return to WWF (1991–1999)

The New Foundation and High Energy (1991–1993)

<mask> had been engaged in contract discussions with WCW but the deal was never struck, as <mask> was not willing to move himself and his family to the company's headquarters in Atlanta. Instead, he signed with the WWF for a second time. In the WWF the popular Hart Foundation, composed of his brother Bret and real-life brother-in-law Jim Neidhart, had split up; Bret set out on a singles career while Neidhart was used sparingly. When Neidhart returned from a storyline injury, he joined <mask> to form a team known as The New Foundation. <mask> and Neidhart first feuded with the Beverly Brothers.They then had their only pay-per-view match at the Royal Rumble in January 1992 where they beat The Orient Express. Neidhart left the WWF shortly afterward, and <mask> set out on a very short run as a singles wrestler, including a victorious match at WrestleMania VIII when he faced off against Skinner. Shortly after WrestleMania, <mask> was teamed up with Koko B. Ware to form the duo known as High Energy. They had only one pay-per-view match as a team, at the Survivor Series where they lost to The Headshrinkers. The team was quietly dropped at the start of 1993 with <mask> starting

masks: Hart Hart Owen Owen Owen Hart Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 a singles career. <mask> suffered a knee injury on March 9, 1993, in a match taped for Superstars, against Bam Bam Bigelow, which kept him sidelined for nearly two months. Feud with Bret and King of Harts (1993–1995)

In the middle of 1993, when Bret <mask>'s feud with Jerry Lawler ignited, <mask> stood by his brother's side and fought against Lawler in the United States Wrestling Association where most of the WWF talent were considered the heels.<mask> won the USWA Unified World Heavyweight Championship from Papa Shango. <mask>'s participation in the WWF vs. USWA feud was cut short when he suffered a knee injury in the summer of 1993 and was forced to take some time away from the ring. <mask> returned to the WWF ring in the fall of 1993, at a time when Bret's feud with Lawler was temporarily sidetracked. Bret, along with <mask> and their brothers Bruce and Keith, were scheduled to face Lawler and his team at Survivor Series. However, Lawler was unable to make it to the show, and as a result could not appear on WWF television. Lawler was replaced with Shawn Michaels. During the match <mask> and Bret inadvertently crashed into each other, causing <mask> to be eliminated from the team.<mask> showed up after the match and had a heated confrontation with Bret, while Keith, Bruce and Stu tried to calm things down. This confrontation resulted in <mask> leaving the ring to boos while his brothers and father watched in dismay and mother Helen cried at ringside. The following night <mask> adopted the pink and black tights, sunglasses and Sharpshooter finisher to send a message to his brother. <mask>, angry with being in Bret's shadow, challenged his

masks: Owen Hart Owen Owen Owen Hart Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen


title: Owen Hart

texts: brother which Bret declined. Instead the brothers seemed to reunite by the holidays. Bret tried to make amends with <mask>, teaming with him on a regular basis. Bret even secured the two a shot at the WWF Tag Team Championship.They faced the Quebecers for the title at the Royal Rumble in January 1994. Initially everything was fine between the brothers, but when Bret hurt his knee (kayfabe) and was unable to tag <mask> in for a long period of time, the younger <mask> got frustrated. When the referee stopped the match due to Bret's damaged knee, <mask> snapped; he kicked his brother in the knee and then walked off, berating Bret on the Titantron shortly after as Bret was being helped backstage. This started his run as a heel. After the act, an infuriated <mask> accused his brother of being selfish and holding him down. <mask> admitted that it felt good to take out his brother. The two brothers faced off for the first time at WrestleMania X, where <mask> cleanly pinned his older brother.Later in the evening, Bret won the WWF Championship while <mask> stood by and watched in jealousy as Bret celebrated in the ring. <mask> won the 1994 King of the Ring tournament turning back Razor Ramon in the finals with an elbow drop to the back and with an assist from Jim Neidhart. After the victory, <mask> dropped "The Rocket" nickname and took the nickname "The King of Harts." <mask> and Bret feuded throughout the summer of 1994, clashing many times both in singles and later in tag team matches (with Bret joined by the returning British Bulldog). Two prominent matches took place in this feud: first, their steel cage match in the co-main event of SummerSlam for

masks: Owen Owen Hart Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 Bret's WWF Championship, which Bret won. This match later received a five-star rating from Dave Meltzer. The second was a lumberjack match on August 17 that <mask> initially won and was announced as WWF Champion; Bret won the match after it was ordered to continue due to interference.At the Survivor Series, <mask> struck the most damaging blow against his brother as he conned his own mother Helen to throw in the towel for Bret. The ploy cost Bret the WWF Championship to Bob Backlund. <mask> also prevented Bret from regaining the WWF Championship at the Royal Rumble in 1995 when he interfered in the match between Bret and new champion Diesel. In the weeks after the Royal Rumble, Bret and <mask> clashed again with Bret soundly defeating his brother, thus putting an end to their feud for the time being. <mask> rebounded from the loss to Bret by winning the WWF Tag Team Championship from The Smoking Gunns at WrestleMania XI. <mask>, who was joined by a "Mystery Partner", had challenged the Gunns to a title match; the partner turned out to be former world champion Yokozuna. After the victory <mask> took Jim Cornette and Mr. Fuji as his managers, who already managed Yokozuna.The team defended the title for five months until they lost them to Shawn Michaels and Diesel at In Your House 3. They would briefly hold the title a second time when the belts were handed back to them before the Smoking Gunns regained the title. <mask> and Yokozuna would continue to team off and on until the end of the year. Teaming with The British Bulldog and The Hart Foundation reunion (1996–1997)

In 1995, <mask>'s brother-in-law Davey Boy Smith turned heel and joined the

masks: Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen Owen


title: Owen Hart

texts: Camp Cornette stable. During the summer of 1996 the two brothers in law started to team up more and more, sometimes alongside Vader who was also a member of Camp Cornette. <mask> also won a Slammy Award for injuring Shawn Michaels and began using the nickname "Slammy Award Winner" and the "King of Harts" nickname was rarely used, <mask> was also a color commentator for the 1996 King of the Ring (exhibiting clear partisan support for Vader and Smith) and during this time wore a cast on his right forearm for several months, feigning a nagging injury to subsequently use his cast as a weapon during his matches. In September 1996, Bulldog and <mask> earned a pay-per-view shot at the tag team titles at In Your House 10.<mask> and Bulldog left with the gold after defeating the Smoking Gunns. They also left with a new manager as Clarence Mason had conned Jim Cornette into signing over the contracts of the new champions. Signs of dissension, however, slowly started to show. One occasion where this was evident was at the Royal Rumble when <mask> accidentally eliminated Bulldog. After the Rumble, they had miscommunication in matches against Doug Furnas and Phil LaFon and Bulldog fired Mason after losing a match to Crush who was also managed by Mason, something which did not sit well with <mask>. Another bone of contention between the two was the newly created WWF European Championship; both men had fought their way to the finals to crown the first champion with Bulldog coming out as the victor. After retaining the tag team title against the Headbangers by disqualification on the edition of March 24, 1997 of Monday Night Raw, the tension between the two

masks: Owen Owen Hart Owen Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts: bubbled over.An incensed <mask> demanded a shot at Bulldog's European title the next week. The match was booked for March 31; on the night, the two went at it with such intensity that many thought the tag team champions had finally gone their separate ways. Then in a shocking moment, the recently turned heel Bret <mask> appeared at ringside and stopped the match. Bret appealed to both <mask> and Bulldog, talking about the importance of family. They agreed to put their differences aside and join with Bret to form the new Hart Foundation, an anti-American stable that also included <mask> in-law Jim Neidhart and <mask> family friend Brian Pillman. After forming the Hart Foundation, <mask> quickly gained singles gold of his own as he pinned Rocky Maivia to win his first WWF Intercontinental Championship. This meant that the Hart Foundation held every WWF title except the WWF Championship, cementing their dominance over the federation.It was not all success for <mask>, though, as he and the British Bulldog lost the WWF Tag Team Championship to Stone Cold Steve Austin and Shawn Michaels on May 26, 1997. He began feuding with Austin shortly thereafter. <mask> and Bulldog got a second chance at regaining the tag team titles after Michaels vacated his half of the championship due to an injury. On the edition of July 14, 1997 of Raw the two entered a tournament and won to face Austin and a partner of his choice that evening for the vacant titles. That partner turned out to be Dude Love, who declared himself to be Austin's partner and helped him defeat <mask> and Bulldog for the tag team championship. At SummerSlam in August, <mask> was to defend his

masks: Hart Hart Owen Hart Hart Owen Owen Owen Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 Intercontinental Championship against Austin in a "Kiss My Ass" match, where <mask> put the title up against Austin having to kiss his buttocks if he lost. During the match, <mask> botched a piledriver and dropped Austin on the top of his head, injuring his neck.Austin won the title from <mask> that evening, but due to the injury was forced to vacate the title. Although the entire situation was an accident, the WWF decided to make it part of the storyline as <mask> began wearing a T-shirt patterned after Austin's that read "<mask> 3:16/I Just Broke Your Neck". <mask> was then entered into a tournament to crown a new champion. <mask> fought his way to the finals of the tournament to crown the next Intercontinental Champion and was set to face Faarooq at Badd Blood: In Your House. <mask> beat Faarooq with Austin's help. Afterward, Austin explained that he wanted to beat <mask> for the title when he returned and would not allow Faarooq or anyone else to beat him. After <mask> retained the title twice by disqualification between Bad Blood and Survivor Series in Montreal, Austin got his wish and defeated <mask> for the Intercontinental Championship again.Later that night, the Montreal Screwjob took place. Bret left the WWF after Survivor Series and both the British Bulldog and Jim Neidhart were granted quick releases from their contracts to jump to WCW. This left <mask> as the only <mask> family member remaining in the WWF, due to his contractual obligations. The Black Hart and Nation of Domination (1997–1998)

<mask> was not seen or mentioned on WWF programming until he made a surprise appearance after Shawn Michaels retained his title following a

masks: Hart Hart Hart Owen Owen Hart Hart Owen Hart Hart Hart Owen Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts: disqualification loss to Ken Shamrock at In Your House: D-Generation X where he attacked Shawn Michaels. Now a fan favourite, but with a new edgy, antisocial attitude, <mask> became known as "The Lone Hart" and also "The Black Hart". <mask> had a feud with D-X and challenged Shawn Michaels for the WWF Championship on the December 29, 1997 episode of Raw Is War: <mask> had Michaels locked in the Sharpshooter when Triple H interfered in order to save Michaels' title, giving <mask> the victory by disqualification. He later won the European title from Triple H, although not directly.Goldust dressed up as Triple H in an attempt to swerve <mask>, but Commissioner Slaughter considered him to be a legitimate replacement. <mask> later suffered a kayfabe ankle injury during a match against Barry Windham involving Triple H. When <mask> joined the commentary at ringside, Triple H managed to draw <mask> into an impromptu title match and regained the title. Chyna interfered while the referee wasn't looking and while Triple H was distracting the referee, she struck <mask> behind the left knee with a baseball bat, picked him up and threw him back into the ring where Triple H put <mask> in a reverse ankle lock to his injured right ankle to win the European Championship under referees discretion in controversial fashion. Four weeks after WrestleMania, during a tag team match with Ken Shamrock against Mark Henry and Rocky Maivia (later known as The Rock), <mask> turned on Shamrock, "snapping" his ankle and "biting his ear" in the process, and becoming a heel once again. After the attack on Shamrock, <mask> became the co-leader, with The Rock, of the Nation of

masks: Hart Owen Hart Hart Hart Hart Hart Owen Hart Hart Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 Domination, claiming that "Enough is enough and it's time for a change". The Nation's first big feud after <mask> joined was against DX. It was during this feud that D-Generation X parodied the Nation of Domination.The imitation was complete with an actor dressing up as <mask> and uttering the phrase "I am not a nugget"; this was in response to Shawn Michaels referring to <mask> as a nugget of feces in a toilet bowl that, no matter how many times Michaels flushed, he was unable to get rid of. "Nugget" became a derisive term that followed <mask> for the rest of his career. <mask>'s participation in the DX feud was sidetracked when Shamrock returned from injuries dead set on getting revenge on <mask>. The two split a pair of specialty matches on pay-per-view, but nothing was ever conclusively settled between them. Teaming with Jeff Jarrett and return as The Blue Blazer (1998–1999)
<mask> remained with the Nation throughout the year until the stable slowly dissolved. After SummerSlam, he teamed with Jeff Jarrett. <mask> and Jarrett had Jarrett's manager Debra in their corner.During this time a storyline was proposed that <mask> was supposed to have an on-screen affair with Debra, something which <mask> turned down. After a match in which <mask> "accidentally injured" Dan Severn, <mask> seemingly quit the WWF. Playing off the legitimate injury <mask> had inflicted on Austin the year before, the angle blurred the lines between reality and "storyline". Yet as soon as <mask> "quit", the Blue Blazer appeared in the WWF claiming to in no way be <mask> despite it being very obvious who was under the mask. Unlike the first run of the character, the

masks: Hart Hart Owen Hart Hart Hart Hart Hart Hart Owen Hart Hart Hart Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 Blazer was now an overbearing, self-righteous heel who treated the edgy Attitude Era WWF with disdain. <mask> and Jarrett ended up making the storyline comical. To prove that <mask> was not the Blazer, he showed up beside the Blue Blazer, who was a masked Jarrett.In a later attempt to prove that neither <mask> or Jarrett was the Blazer, they both appeared next to a man in the Blue Blazer mask; however, it was obvious that a black man was under the mask (<mask>'s former tag team partner Koko B. Ware). On January 25, 1999, in the midst of the Blue Blazer angle <mask> and Jarrett defeated Ken Shamrock and The Big Boss Man for the WWF Tag Team Championship. The pair successfully defended the belts against Test and D'Lo Brown at WrestleMania XV. They lost the titles to the team of Kane and X-Pac on the (pre-taped) episode of Raw that aired on April 5, 1999. However, <mask> and Jarrett continued to team together until <mask>'s death in May during the Over the Edge pay-per-view event. Personal life

He met Martha Joan Patterson in 1982. They married on July 1, 1989 and had two children together: Oje <mask> (born March 5, 1992) and Athena Christie <mask> (born September 23, 1995).On May 28, 2011, <mask> was inducted into the Legends Pro Wrestling "Hall of Fame" by Jack Blaze in Wheeling, West Virginia at their "LPW Hart & Soul Tour" event. The award was accepted by his brother-in-law Jim Neidhart, who was also inducted that night. Death

Over the Edge 1999

On May 23, 1999, <mask> fell to his death in Kansas City, Missouri during the Over the Edge pay-per-view event. <mask> was in the process of being lowered via harness and grapple line into the

masks:
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Edward Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts: ring from the rafters of Kemper Arena for a booked Intercontinental Championship match against The Godfather. In keeping with the Blazer's new "buffoonish superhero" character, he was to begin a dramatic entrance, being lowered to just above ring level, at which time he would act "entangled", then release himself from the safety harness and fall flat on his face for comedic effect—this necessitated the use of a quick release mechanism. It was an elaboration on a Blue Blazer stunt done previously on the Sunday Night Heat before Survivor Series in 1998. While being lowered into the ring, <mask> fell 78 feet (24 m), landing chest-first on the top rope (approximately a foot from the nearest turnbuckle), throwing him into the ring.<mask> had performed the stunt only a few times before. <mask>'s widow Martha has suggested that, by moving around to get comfortable with both the harness and his cape on, <mask> unintentionally triggered an early release. Television viewers did not see the incident. During the fall, a pre-taped vignette was being shown on the pay-per-view broadcast as well as on the monitors in the darkened arena. Afterward, while <mask> was being worked on by medical personnel inside the ring, the live event's broadcast showed only the audience. Meanwhile, WWF television announcer Jim Ross repeatedly told those watching live on pay-per-view that what had just transpired was not a wrestling angle or storyline and that <mask> was hurt badly, emphasizing the seriousness of the situation. <mask> was transported to Truman Medical Center in Kansas City.While several attempts to revive him were made, he died due to his injuries. The cause of

masks: Hart Hart Hart Hart Hart Hart Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 death was later revealed to be internal bleeding from blunt force trauma. The impact severed his aorta, resulting in <mask> bleeding to death just minutes later; he was 34 years old. Controversy
WWF management controversially chose to continue the event. Later, Jim Ross announced the death of <mask> to the home viewers during the pay-per-view, but not to the crowd in the arena. While the event went on, it has never been released commercially by WWF Home Video. In 2014, fifteen years after his death, the WWE Network aired the event for the first time.A small photo tribute is shown before the start informing fans that <mask> died during the original broadcast. All footage of <mask> was edited out of the event. The statement reads: "In Memory of <mask> May 7, 1965 – May 23, 1999 who accidentally passed away during this broadcast." In the decades that followed <mask>'s death, much attention was focused on the harness <mask> used that night, especially on the "quick release" trigger and safety latches. When someone is lowered from the rafters in a harness, there are backup latches that must be latched for safety purposes. Four weeks after the event, the <mask> family sued the WWF over how dangerous and poorly planned the stunt was, and that the harness system was defective. After over a year and a half into the case, a settlement was reached on November 2, 2000, which saw the WWF give the <mask> family US$18 million.The manufacturer of the harness system was also a defendant against the <mask> family, but they were dismissed from the case after the settlement was reached. Martha used millions of the settlement to establish the Owen Hart Foundation.

masks:
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Owen Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 Martha wrote a book about <mask>'s life in 2002 called Broken Harts: The Life and Death of <mask>. In his DVD set Bret "Hit Man" <mask>: The Best There Is, the Best There Was, the Best There Ever Will Be, Bret said that he wishes he had been with the WWF the night <mask>'s accident happened, as he would have discouraged <mask> from performing the stunt. Aftermath

A special episode of Raw Is War that aired on May 24, 1999, the night after <mask>'s death, was dubbed Raw Is Owen. It was broadcast live from the Kiel Center in St. Louis. It included shoot interviews from his fellow wrestlers.According to Raw Exposed (a special that aired upon Raw returning to USA Network on October 3, 2005), all storylines and rivalries were put aside, and WWF management gave all wrestlers on the roster the option of working or not. Nevertheless, ten matches were booked with no angles. The show began with all the wrestlers, managers, referees and agents of the WWF (except WWF Champion The Undertaker and Kane – both as a means to keep kayfabe) standing on the entrance ramp. Howard Finkel called for a ten-bell salute. A tribute video narrated by Vince McMahon then played on the Titantron. Throughout the broadcast, personal thoughts on <mask> in the form of shoot interviews with various WWF wrestlers were played. <mask>'s former Nation of Domination comrades were emotional, most notably Mark Henry, who wept as he read a poem that he wrote in memory of <mask>.Before the first commercial break, such thoughts were aired from Mick Foley and Bradshaw. Foley said that <mask> was his son's favourite wrestler and had proudly gotten a haircut like <mask>'s, although he also

masks:
Hart
Owen Hart
Hart
Owen
Owen
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Hart
Owen


title: Owen Hart

texts: said his son did not quite understand that "nugget" was not a term of endearment. Bradshaw talked about how <mask> spent less money on the road than most wrestlers because he wanted to retire early and spend time with his family. <mask>'s friend and Nation of Domination partner The Rock also made a short speech before engaging in a short match against Val Venis. Test then spoke about a rib <mask> pulled on him. The broadcast ended with Stone Cold Steve Austin coming out for a special salute to <mask> by climbing the turnbuckle and performing his famous "beer-bash" routine, ending with him giving a toast to <mask> (whose picture was displayed on the Titantron throughout the entire show) and leaving one beer in the ring (for <mask>). The only notable absence from this show was The Undertaker as he decided to visit his real-life friend, Bret <mask>.The tribute show scored a 7.2 Nielsen rating, making it the highest-rated special episode in Raw history and the third highest-rated episode of Raw overall. Shawn Michaels, in his Heartbreak and Triumph autobiography, notes that "<mask> is the only guy you could have a two-hour show for, and no-one would say a bad word about him." The next day, WWF taped the episode of Raw for May 31, 1999. During that show, Jeff Jarrett defeated The Godfather to win the WWF Intercontinental Championship, the title <mask> was booked to win for a third time at Over the Edge. Celebrating his victory, Jarrett screamed <mask>'s name. On October 4, 1999, five months after <mask>'s death, Bret <mask> faced Chris Benoit on WCW Nitro in a tribute to his brother. The match took place in the same arena in which <mask> had fallen

masks: Hart Owen Owen Hart Owen Owen Hart Owen Hart Hart Owen Hart Owen


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 to his death.Legacy
<mask> was widely regarded as one of the best in-ring performers in the WWE; Fox Sports dubbed him a "genius". He would go on to be considered one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time by many industry colleagues. In 2001, <mask>'s sister Diana released her first book named Under the Mat which dealt with their family. The book was written partially in response to <mask>'s death and became very controversial. <mask>'s widow <mask> pursued legal action over the work and claimed that Diana made inaccurate and irresponsible statements about her and her family. She stated that the book was "filled with distortions, misstatements and unjustified slurs that attempt to destroy the reputation of my family and me, and undermine the memory of <mask>." In June 2010, Martha filed a lawsuit against the WWE over WWE's use of <mask>'s name and likeness as well as personal photos of <mask>'s family in the Hart & Soul WWE DVD, as well as the failure to make royalty payments.The matter was scheduled to go to trial in June 2013 before the settlement was reached in April 2013 for an undisclosed amount. The WWE released Owen: Hart of Gold on DVD and Blu-ray on December 7, 2015 in the United Kingdom, with the United States release the day after. The season two finale of Dark Side of the Ring revealed details about <mask>'s wrestling career, legacy and death. WWE wrestler <mask> named his son after <mask> and incorporated the name into his own ring name as tribute to both of them. During Mark Henry's WWE Hall of Fame induction in 2018, Henry asked <mask> to allow her late husband to be inducted into the Hall of Fame. Martha has been

masks:
Hart
Hart
Owen
Owen
Martha Hart
Owen
Owen
Hart
Owen
Kevin Owens
Hart
Martha Hart


title: Owen Hart

texts:
 critical of the WWE Hall of Fame, stating: "They don’t even have a Hallway of Fame. It doesn’t exist.There’s nothing. It’s a fake entity. There’s nothing real or tangible. It’s just an event they have to make money. They put it on TV and have a celebration, and it’s just so ridiculous. I would never even entertain it. It’s garbage."On September 20, 2021, All Elite Wrestling (AEW) announced the Owen Hart Cup Tournament, in partnership with the Owen Hart Foundation, wherein the winner will receive a trophy called "The Owen". The company also announced production and distribution of original Owen Hart merchandise and <mask> as a character in the upcoming AEW console game. Championships and accomplishments

 George Tragos/Lou Thesz Professional Wrestling Hall of Fame
 Class of 2018 (Posthumous Inductee)
 Legends Pro Wrestling
 LPW Hall of Fame (Class of 2011)
 Prairie Wrestling Alliance
 Prairie Wrestling Alliance Hall of Fame (Class of 2010)
 New Japan Pro-Wrestling
 IWGP Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Editor's Award (1999)
 Feud of the Year (1994)
 Rookie of the Year (1987)
 Ranked No. 10 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 1994
 Ranked No. 66 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
 Ranked


title: Hans Kippenberger

texts:
<mask> (15 January 1898 – 3 October 1937) was a German politician (KPD). Between 1928 and 1933 he sat as a member of the National Parliament (Reichstag). Like many Communist Party members at the time, he also operated under "party names", by which he may be identified in sources. These included "A. Neuberg", "Leo Wolf" and "Ernst Wolf". Early life
<mask> was born in Leipzig. His father was a secular preacher. He attended school up to the middle level, and then became an intern at a printing machine factory, still in Leipzig, shortly afterwards embarking on a traineeship for bank work.In 1915, Kippenberger he volunteered for military service, and spent the rest of the First World War in the Imperial German Army. He served on the Western Front, was wounded several times, and was decorated with the Iron Cross First Class. When Kippenberger was discharged in January 1919, he had reached the rank of Oberleutnant. Early in 1919 he embarked on a commercial traineeship which led to a clerical job in Leipzig. From June 1921 he was based in Hamburg, employed as a foreign languages correspondent for various firms, and working with the English, French, Italian and Spanish languages. Radicalization
Kippenberger had already, in Leipzig, joined the Independent Social Democratic Party ("Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / USPD), and when this broke apart he was part of the Pro-Soviet faction that joined with the newly formed Communist Party. By 1922 he was employed full-time by the Party and part of what one source identifies as the Party's "secret apparatus".Meanwhile, he attended lectures

masks:
Hans Kippenberger
Hans Kippenberger


title: Hans Kippenberger

texts:
 <mask> was one of those who participated in the (illegal) meeting of the party central committee held at the Ziegenhals café ("Sporthaus Ziegenhals") a short distance outside Berlin on 7 February 1933. The meeting would subsequently be celebrated as both the first and last meeting of the Communist Party Central Committee held in Nazi Germany. The Reichstag fire at the end of February 1933 was immediately blamed on the KPD, and before the end of the year participants in the Ziegenhals meeting and most of the other active communist party politicians had either fled abroad or else been arrested. The Communist Party structure was shattered. Kippenberger took on and preserved much of its paramilitary apparatus under conditions of enhanced secrecy and certain important tasks were accomplished, but the Gestapo nevertheless succeeded in infiltrating his information and communications structures.Kippenberger, operating for some purposes under the code name "Leo", was feverishly sought by the Gestapo during 1933 and 1934. Meanwhile, despite having to operate underground or, increasingly, out of Paris, the Communist Party of Germany had lost none of its appetite for internal feuding. The arrest of Ernst Thälmann on 3 March 1933 had left a vacuum at the top of the party. To the extent that the quasi-military apparatus under Kippenberger remained effective, it supported the opponents of Walter Ulbricht and Wilhelm Pieck in the increasingly polarised leadership struggle that ensued. The Bülowplatz Trial

In mid-March 1933, the Berlin police arrested Max Thunert, one of the lookouts in the murders of Captains


title: Hans Kippenberger

texts:
 Anlauf and Lenck. Within days, fifteen other conspirators were in police custody. On 14 September 1933, Berlin newspapers reported that all fifteen had confessed to their roles in the murders.Arrest warrants were issued for ten other conspirators who had fled, including Mielke, Ziemer, Ulbricht, Kippenberger, and Neumann. In response to claims that the confessions were obtained under torture by the Nazi Gestapo, John Koehler wrote, "However, all suspects were in the custody of the regular Berlin city criminal investigation bureau, most of whose detectives were SPD members. Some of the suspects had been nabbed by Nazi SA men and probably beaten before they were turned over to police. In the 1993 trial of Mielke, the court gave the defense the benefit of the doubt and threw out a number of suspect confessions." On 19 June 1934, the 15 conspirators were convicted of first degree murder. The three deemed most culpable, Michael Klause, Max Matern, and Friedrich Bröde were sentenced to death. Their co-defendants received sentences ranging from nine months to fifteen years incarceration at hard labor.Klause's sentence was commuted to life in prison based upon his cooperation. Bröde hanged himself in his cell. As a result, only Matern was left to be executed by beheading on 22 May 1935. The Great Purge
In the context of increasingly shrill attacks on him from Ulbricht, Pieck and their supporters, on 12 February 1935 the party politburo set up a commission of enquiry into <mask>er. In October 1935 a party congress was held, under somewhat bizarre conditions, at Brussels:   Ulbricht and his allies took


title: Hans Kippenberger

texts:
 over the party leadership. The resignation of two of Thälmann's old lieutenants, Hermann Schubert and Fritz Schulte left Kippenberger unambiguously on the losing side. In Walter Ulbricht he had acquired a powerful and uncompromising enemy at the top of the party.Ulbricht enjoyed the backing of Moscow. <mask> lost his position on the party Central Committee and the quasi-military underground operation he had directed was dissolved. He was ordered to relocated from Paris to Moscow where he was provided with factory work. Sources are silent over whether, on moving to Moscow, he ever met up with his former wife, Thea, and their two daughters, Margot and Jeanette, who had emigrated there in July 1933, since when Thea had been worked as a teacher in the Soviet capital. Death
On 5 November 1935, as the scope of Joseph Stalins Great Purge accelerated, <mask> and his girlfriend Christina Kerff (born Chrisina Lenderoth) were arrested at Moscow's Soyuznaya Hotel (across the road from the Hotel Lux). In a secret trial by the NKVD, Kippenberger was declared guilty of "espionage and participation in a counter-revolutionary terrorist organisation". <mask> was shot, once, in the back of the head, on 3 October 1937.Personal life
<mask> married Thea Niemand, from Hamburg, in 1923. Their daughters were born in 1924 and 1928. The marriage ended in divorce in 1930. After a raid on their Berlin apartment, Thea hastily took the children to a safe location in the countryside, from where they escaped via Czechoslovakia. Thea arrived in Moscow with their daughters in July 1933, six months after the Nazi seizure of power

masks:
Kippenberger
Hans Kippenberger
Hans Kippenberger
Hans Kippenberger


title: Hans Kippenberger

texts:
 in Germany. The standard of their Moscow accommodation, shared with Thea <mask>'s friend Thea Beling and a large number of other people, came as a shock to the children. In February 1938 Thea, who by this time worked as a teacher, was arrested.A special NKVD tribunal sentenced her to a lengthy term in the GULAG. During 1939, Thea Kippenberger died in a concentration camp in Siberia. Rehabilitation
Two decades later, following a change in the political wind direction, <mask> and Thea <mask> were posthumously rehabilitated by a Moscow tribunal on 30 September 1957. However, both their deaths and their subsequent rehabilitations remained officially undisclosed by the ruling party in what had, by this time, become the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany). The orphans
One afternoon in November 1937 two secret policemen turned up at their school in Moscow and removed Margot and Jeanette <mask> from their lessons. Early the next year, aged 14, Margot wrote a desperate letter to one of her mother's friends asking what had happened to her mother. There was no reply.It would be another 22 years before she would learn of her parents' fates. The children were taken to Chistopol in Tatarstan and placed in an orphanage for "homeless street children" which at this time was receiving more and more of the children of "enemies of the people". The older daughter, Margot <mask>, was transferred to a labour camp in Vologodskaya, condemned in 1942 to a lifelong term of forced labour. She was given work in forestry, tasked with collecting the sawdust caused by the felling of trees. There was one

masks: Kippenberger Hans Kippenberger Kippenberger Kippenberger


title: Hans Kippenberger

texts: day off work each month which was used for delousing. Later she was denounced and subjected to six months of intensive interrogation. Nevertheless, she survived.Her situation eased after the end of the war, formally in May 1945, and she married Igor Tschnernavin, a Soviet citizen in 1948. After her parents' rehabilitation Margot <mask> was able to leave the Soviet Union with her five children, arriving in the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in May 1958. Their marriage never having been officially recognised (because Margot was foreign) Igor was not permitted to accompany them, but following a personal appeal to Nikita Khrushchev he joined them in 1960. The family nevertheless felt themselves treated as outsiders, and while Margot built her life in the new country, Igor soon returned to the Soviet Union, where he died in 1984. Although Margot had been informed of her parents' fates, she was under firm instructions to keep the information to herself. Her insistence on discussing the matter led to constant tensions with the authorities. Her indignant letter sent in 1979 to the national newspaper, Neues Deutschland, on the centenary of Stalin's birth, was naturally never published.She remained under close Stasi surveillance till March 1981 when she was permitted to relocate to West Berlin, where she lived in a small apartment, supported by a small pension provided to survivors of Nazi persecution. There was no pension in respect of her time in the Soviet Union. There is less information in the public domain concerning the younger daughter. After they had been taken away from their parents


title: Hans Kippenberger

texts:
 at the end of 1937 Jeanette had learned Russian much more quickly than Margot, which may have indicated a particular talent for languages. Jeanette Kippenberger worked for the government news service in East Berlin between 1956 and 1973 as a typist. specialising in Russian language work. She was given a new job, in September 1973, as a translator with the Intertext, the ruling party's translation bureau.She was able to relocate to West Germany on 14 July 1978. Margot and Jeannette <mask> died respectively in 2005 and 2016. Both their bodies are buried in the Sankt-Matthäus-Kirchhof ("Old St. Matthew's Churchyard") in Berlin's Schöneberg quarter. It was noted in at the end of 2017 that their graves were not yet marked by any grave stone. References

GRU officers
Politicians from Leipzig
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Independent Social Democratic Party politicians
Members of the Hamburg Parliament
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Communists in the German Resistance
Refugees from Nazi Germany in the Soviet Union
Great Purge victims from Germany
People executed by the Soviet Union
German spies for the Soviet Union
Murders of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck
1898 births
1937


title: Jim Lauderdale

texts:
<mask> (born April 11, 1957) is an American country, bluegrass, and Americana singer-songwriter. Since 1986, he has released 31 studio albums, including collaborations with artists such as Dr. Ralph Stanley, Buddy Miller, and Donna the Buffalo. A "songwriter's songwriter," his songs have been recorded by dozens of artists, notably George Strait, Gary Allan, Elvis Costello, Blake Shelton, the Dixie Chicks, Vince Gill, and Patty Loveless. Early life
<mask> was born in Troutman, North Carolina, the son of <mask> (née Hobson) and Dr. Wilbur "Chap" <mask>. <mask>'s mother was originally from Kansas. In addition to her work as a public school and piano teacher, she was active in the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Churches in Troutman, Charlotte, and Due West, South Carolina, where she served as music director, church organist, and choir director. His father was born in Lexington, VA, the son of Reverend David Thomas and <mask> (née Chapman).<mask>'s father was a noted minister in the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church. <mask> has one sister, Rebecca "Becky" Tatum, and a nephew, Mark. He grew up in Due West, South Carolina. Both of his parents were singers. He too sang in his early years, and learned the drums at 11, the harmonica at 13, and the banjo at 15. He has cited the influence of Ralph Stanley and bluegrass music from an early age. He played a variety of music, including bluegrass, Grateful Dead, and folk in a duo with best friend Nathan Lajoie as a teenager.During his childhood in Due West, many music acts would come to Erskine College. <mask> remembers

masks:
James Russell Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Barbara Ann Lauderdale
Chapman Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Sallie Ann Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale


title: Jim Lauderdale

texts:
 enjoying the album Will the Circle be Unbroken by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band and Neil Young's Harvest. He attended the Carolina Friends School in Durham NC and then went on to the North Carolina School of the Arts in Winston-Salem, NC, studying theater. He played in country and bluegrass bands during college. <mask> is a long-time resident of Nashville, Tennessee. Career

After graduating from college, <mask> lived in Nashville for five months in the summer of 1979 while he tried to get a recording or publishing deal. He hung out a lot with Roland White, an accomplished mandolin player, with whom he cut a record.But things never took off, so he decided to move to New York, where he played in Floyd Domino's band and performed as a solo artist. In 1980 he met singer-songwriter Buddy Miller. He played in Miller's band in the active twang music scene that was evolving at the time. During his time in New York City, he also worked in the mailroom and as a messenger at Rolling Stone magazine. He often was assigned to pick up and drop off photographer Annie Leibovitz's equipment. <mask> joined the national touring production of Pump Boys & Dinettes, which eventually reached Los Angeles where he met musicians Rosie Flores, Billy Bremmer, Pete Anderson, Lucinda Williams, Dale Watson, and others. John Ciambotti became <mask>'s manager and <mask> relocated to Los Angeles in the late 1980s, recording an album for CBS (which was later released as The Point of No Return).The record was influenced by the Bakersfield sound of Buck Owens. Armed with a catalog of a few hundred songs

masks: Lauderdale Lauderdale Lauderdale Lauderdale Lauderdale


title: Jim Lauderdale

texts:
 he had written, <mask> was able to get a publishing deal with a small company called Blue Water Music (based in Houston, with a small office in Nashville). Living in Los Angeles he made a record with Anderson producing, but it was never released. <mask> then got a publishing deal with Reprise and moved into the second floor of Buddy and Julie Miller's house until he got his own place in Nashville. In 2013, <mask> started his own record label, Sky Crunch, so that he could release his many albums on a schedule that suited him. In April 2018, <mask> signed to Yep Roc Records. Solo career

<mask>'s solo debut, Planet of Love, was produced by Rodney Crowell and John Leventhal and released in 1991.Lost in the Lonesome Pines, a 2002 collaboration with Ralph Stanley, won the Grammy Award for Best Bluegrass Album. The Bluegrass Diaries won the same award in 2008. In 2003, <mask> was joined by roots/jam band Donna the Buffalo on the album Wait 'Til Spring. Could We Get Any Closer? was nominated for a Grammy in 2009. In 2013, <mask> released Old Time Angels (a bluegrass album) and his first solo acoustic album, Blue Moon Junction, followed by Black Roses, with the North Mississippi All-Stars. <mask> appears on Laura Cantrell's 2013 release No Way There From Here.2014 saw the release of his album I'm A Song. <mask> will release his new album Time Flies on August 3, 2018, along with <mask> and Roland White. Collaborations
In 2007, he began a collaboration with Larry Campbell, the band Olabelle, and others in the American Beauty Project, a loose collection of musicians

masks:
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Jim Lauderdale


title: Jim Lauderdale

texts:
 dedicated to reimagining in performance the Grateful Dead's two classic 1970 albums, Workingman's Dead and American Beauty. In 2011, <mask> toured with Hot Tuna, an ensemble act that included Jorma Kaukonen, Jack Casady, Barry Mitterhof, G.E. Smith, and, for a time, Charlie Musselwhite. He has also toured with Elvis Costello, Rhonda Vincent, Mary Chapin Carpenter, and others. Dr. Ralph Stanley
<mask> wrote and produced two bluegrass records with Ralph Stanley.Their first collaboration, I Feel Like Singing Today, was nominated for a Grammy. Buddy Miller

<mask> released a record called Buddy and <mask> with long-time friend and collaborator Buddy Miller in 2013. <mask> said they recorded it in three days in Miller's home studio. Miller did the mixing and producing. Robert Hunter
<mask> has often collaborated with Grateful Dead lyricist Robert Hunter. <mask>'s first collaboration with Hunter was Headed for the Hills and the second was Patchwork River in May 2010. The June 2011 release Reason and Rhyme was their third collaboration.Additionally, they wrote songs for a North Mississippi Allstars record that was released in the fall of 2013. Two 2013 releases, Black Roses and Blue Moon Junction, were co-written with Hunter. Black Roses features North Mississippi Allstars' Cody and Luther Dickinson, whom <mask> met in Nashville at the Americana Music Festival, as well as Muscle Shoals musicians Spooner Oldham and David Hood. The album was recorded at their father <mask>'s studio, Zebra Ranch in Mississippi. 2013's Blue Moon Junction features <mask>'s work as a singer

masks:
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Jim
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Lauderdale
Jim Dickinson
Lauderdale