title: Little Tich

texts: purchase his first public house, the Rising Sun in Fawkham. In 1818 he married Sarah Ashenden and they had eight children; she died in 1845. In 1851 he moved to Cudham, bought the Blacksmith's Arms and an adjoining farm, and started a new family with Mary Moorefield, a nurse-maid governess from Dublin. <mask>ich was born with an extra digit on each hand, webbed from the little finger to the centre joint. He also experienced stunted growth.He reached  in height by the age of ten, but grew no taller. His physical differences from other children caused him to become socially withdrawn and lonely. Nevertheless, his disabilities earned him fame and were an asset to his parents' business. Patrons would travel from neighbouring counties to witness his peculiarities, and the youngster revelled in the attention, dancing comically on his father's saloon bar to curious guests. <mask> was educated at Knockholt, a three-mile walk from Cudham. From an early age, he displayed considerable academic ability and also excelled in art; by the time he was five, his drawings were being sold to patrons of the Blacksmith's Arms by his father. <mask> became interested in the travelling performers whom his father often employed to entertain guests at the inn.He would mimic the dancers, singers and conjurors, causing much amusement to both his family and his patrons. So good were his impersonations that his siblings frequently took him to neighbouring public houses where they would get him to perform in exchange for money. These experiences prepared <mask>ich for his future career. As a result of what he saw, he, like his father, became a strict

masks:
Little T
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little T


title: Little Tich

type: original

texts:
 teetotaller in later years, and showed a deep loathing for boisterous and intoxicated people. <mask>ich revelled in his local celebrity status; however, the older he got the more self-conscious he became and wrongly interpreted the audience's laughter as being aimed more at his disabilities rather than his comical performances. Move to Gravesend and early performances

Richard Relph sold the Blacksmith's Arms and the adjoining farm in 1875 and moved his family to Gravesend. The socially withdrawn <mask>ich was forced to adapt to much busier surroundings; day-trippers, holidaymakers and fishermen often frequented the streets and occupied the plethora of public houses which adorned the port and neighbouring roads.He resumed his education, this time at Christ Church School, where he spent the next three years. In 1878 the headmaster deemed him too educationally advanced for the school, and Richard Relph was advised to secure for his young son a watchmaking apprenticeship instead; Relph ignored the advice. By 1878 <mask>ich's parents were unable to financially provide for him further and he sought full-time employment as a lather boy in a barber's shop in Gravesend. One evening, together with a friend whose brother was appearing in a talent contest, he visited a music hall for the first time and quickly became "hooked" on the idea of being able to perform. Thanks largely to his local celebrity status of being a "freak", he was welcomed into the many public houses which catered for soldiers, sailors, merchant seamen and day-trippers from London. By 1878, <mask>ich had saved enough money to buy himself a tin whistle which he used

masks:
Little T
Little T
Little T
Little T


title: Little Tich

texts:
 to "amuse [him]self by playing all the jolly and sentimental pantomime songs of the day". To earn money, he began busking to local theatre goers who were waiting in the outside queues.On the way home from his busking performances, he devised eccentric dances, much to the amusement of his onlooking neighbours. <mask> made his stage debut as Harry Relph at the age of 12 in 1879. The venue—although unidentified—was described by his daughter Mary as being a "back-street, free-and-easy" where the acts were predominantly made up of amateurs and beginners. The audiences were often harsh and they would display their displeasure by throwing objects onto the stage. One evening, having exhausted the list of amateur talent, the compere called on <mask> and his tin-whistle to take up the next turn. The performance was a success and <mask> returned every night, often accompanying his tin-whistle piece with impromptu dance routines. News of his performances spread, and he was soon signed up by the proprietor of the neighbouring Royal Exchange music hall, who bought his new signing a pair of clogs.<mask> became a popular draw at the hall and often sang thirty songs a night. It was here that he discovered the art of blackface, a popular type of entertainment widely performed around the British Isles at the time. 1880s

Early London engagements

At the start of the 1880s, <mask>ich assumed the stage name "The Infant Mackney" and graduated to the world of open-air theatre. The following year, he joined a blackface troupe who performed regularly at the Rosherville Pleasure Gardens; the local historian J.R.S. Clifford described them as "a band of

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little T


title: Little Tich

texts: minstrel darkies of a superior type". <mask>ich's transition from amateur to professional performer came when he appeared in a weekly spot at Barnard's Music Hall in Chatham. Lew Barnard, the hall's proprietor, offered him 35 shillings a week.Thrilled at the prospect of appearing in a proper music hall, <mask> changed his name from The Infant Mackney to <mask>, a nickname he had gained while living in Cudham years earlier. He enjoyed initial success at Barnard's, but audience numbers soon diminished and his pay was reduced to 15 shillings a week as a result. To supplement his income, he resumed his position in the barber's shop and took on a string of menial jobs that lasted six months. In 1881 <mask> left home with his sister Agnes, who chaperoned her young brother around the music halls and variety clubs throughout England. By now, he had swapped the tin-whistle for a picco pipe which he used to accompany his clog dancing routine. He despised his early experiences of provincial touring as he was often forced to sleep in dosshouses with very little money or food. To survive, he would often return to busking outside music halls to the waiting audiences.In the early months of 1884, he secured an engagement at a rundown public house called The Dolphin in Kidderminster, where he was paid £2 a week. He also hired his first agent who, unbeknown to <mask>ich, had advertised him as a "freak" and a "six-fingered novelty". The comedian was furious with the description and quickly dispensed with the agent's services. By the summer months, his engagements had become infrequent so he used the long periods of unemployment constructively.

masks:
Little T
Little Tich
Young Tichborne
Little Tich
Little T


title: Little Tich

texts: He learned how to read and write music and taught himself to play various musical instruments including the piano, fiddle and cello. He also mastered dancing in big boots. In November 1884 he changed his stage name for the third time to <mask>ich, which derived from Tichborne, and "Tich" or "Tichy" became a common term meaning small.His reasoning for the name change was to capitalise on the release of the Tichborne claimant fraudster Arthur Orton who was then touring the British Isles in the hope of reopening the case. The change of name also coincided with the signing of a new agent who was known in London for being "one of the brightest and youngest in [show]business". The agent, Edward Colley (1859–1889), was equally thrilled with the acquisition of a new star and secured him a double engagement at the Marylebone Music Hall where he appeared as "<mask>, The Most Curious Comique in Creation" and immediately after at the Forester's Music Hall, where he was billed as "<mask>, the Funny Little Nigger". A reporter for The Era predicted "We shall probably hear a great deal more about <mask>, as he seems to be one of the few that can invest the business of the Negro comedian with any humour." By Christmas 1884, <mask> was a resident performer in four London music halls: the Middlesex Music Hall where he had an 8 pm billing, the Marylebone (at 9 pm), the Star Palace of Varieties in Bermondsey (at 10 pm), and Crowders Music Hall in Mile End (at 11 pm). Out of the four halls, he had the most success at the Marylebone and fulfilled a ten-week run. A critic for The Era who witnessed him perform at the Marylebone thought that he was "a

masks:
Little T
Little Titch
Little Titch
Little Titch
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts:
 curious comic" and that "his antics, his sayings and his business generally [were] very amusing, and he will doubtless improve in his singing, which is weak at present, even for a Negro delineator".The commentator further noted that "he appear[ed] to be quite a young man at present; but his dancing is peculiarly funny, though his dress in one of his characters is vulgar and suggestive; this should be altered". Having been a success in London for nearly a year, <mask> travelled to Scotland to appear in pantomime for the first time during the 1885–86 Christmas season. Robinson Crusoe opened at the Royal Princess Theatre in Glasgow and he appeared in the small role of Chillingowadaborie, a black-faced attendant for one of the main characters King Tum-tum. The following Christmas, <mask> starred for a second time in pantomime, this time at the Pavilion Theatre, Whitechapel in a production of Cinderella in which he played "King Mischief". American success

The American impresario Tony Pastor came to England in 1886 and signed <mask> for a tour of the United States. Pastor had seen the comedian perform at a small music hall called Gatti's-in-the-Road near to Westminster Bridge and was recruiting for his Gaiety Theatre Company. <mask> left for America in the early months of 1887 and assumed his first role for Pastor in a burlesque version of The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, playing the lead character for a fee of £10 a week.Later, during a successful run in a parody of Louis Bertin's opera La Esmeralda, he impressed audiences with his "Big-Boot Dance", and Pastor engaged his new star for a further two seasons in the mock-opera which had

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts: a total run of nine months. To show his appreciation for the record profits and huge audience attendances, Pastor presented <mask> with a gold medal and a rare white Bohemian Shepherd dog which the comedian called Cheri. <mask>ich's success under Pastor brought him to the attention of the Chicago State Opera Company, who secured him on a two-year contract for a fee of $150 a week. Before the contract commenced, he was allowed to travel back to England where he honoured a pantomime commitment by appearing in Dick Whittington at the Theatre Royal in Brighton. In the piece he took the billing of "Tiny Titch" and played the Emperor Muley. In June 1888, at the Chicago Opera House, <mask> starred in The Crystal Slipper, a burlesque loosely based on Cinderella; the production was a hit for the comedian and completed a run of over ten months. The Era described him as "the quaint little Negro comedian" and called his American engagement "brilliantly successful".During The Crystal Slipper, <mask> met the English dancer Laurie Brooks, whom he married in Cook County, Illinois on 20 January 1889. That year marked the end of <mask>'s "blacking up" routine, which he had performed in between his commitments for the Chicago State Opera Company. He was told by a producer that the American audiences would find the black face and English accent too much of a contrast and opined "a deaf mute with one eye could see you aint a coon". <mask> initially became worried at the prospect of appearing on stage without make-up, but found that the audience approved of the change. As the months progressed, the tour matured and news of his performances

masks:
Little Tich
Little T
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts:
 travelled across America. To compensate for the loss of his blackface act, <mask> perfected his Big-Boot Dance instead and swapped from  boots which he found more suitable for his size. He had also mastered a quick change into the novelty footwear which he could perform in minutes.One stage director became concerned that the pause was too long for the audience to wait, and he threw the boots onto the stage causing the star to run back out in front of the waiting audience to put the boots on in front of them. While he did this, the orchestra provided an accompaniment of "till ready" music. For the audience, this provided much hilarity and they assumed it was part of the act. The unintentional sketch was "an instant hit" and the comedian incorporated this into his future Big-Boot Dance routine. In April 1889 <mask> briefly returned to London to star at the Empire Theatre in Leicester Square where he was poorly received by audiences. As a result, the manager of the theatre reduced the comedian's wages to £6 a week. The experience left him bitter towards the English entertainment industry and he returned to America to appear in a new production for the Chicago State Opera.The production, Bluebeard Junior, was not as successful as its predecessor, but toured for seven months. Despite his bad reviews back in England, <mask> began to feel homesick and he was allowed to return home a few months short of his contract expiration. Once back, he and his wife set up home at 182 Kennington Road, Lambeth; Laurie later gave birth to the couple's son Paul on 7 November 1889. 1890s

Return to London and West End debut

In the later months of

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts: 1889 <mask> secured an engagement at the London Pavilion in Piccadilly Circus. This time, he found his English critics to be complimentary about his talent, but as their praise was largely about his success in America, he considered them hypocritical. News of his much-improved performances travelled throughout the country and he was visited by Thomas W. Charles, manager of Manchester's Prince's Theatre. Charles offered <mask> a leading role in his forthcoming pantomime Babes in the Wood.The 1889–90 production was a huge success for the comedian and his performance reportedly earned him "the heartiest applause of the evening". By the early months of 1890, Augustus Harris, the influential manager of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, had travelled to Manchester to look for new talent for his theatre's forthcoming 1890–91 pantomime. Impressed with what he saw, he offered the comedian a theatrical residency at Drury Lane but he was forced to withdraw it as <mask> was contracted to Charles for a further year; Harris instead signed <mask> for a two-year contract starting the following season. The deal required <mask> to star in two pantomimes for a wage of £36 a week. Following on from his success in Babes in the Wood which culminated in April 1890, the theatre manager Rollo Balmain cast him as Quasimodo in a production of The Hunchback of Notre-Dame at the Theatre Royal, Plymouth. The show featured a burlesque centrepiece which required <mask> to dress as a ballerina and gave him the opportunity to perform two of his earliest songs, "Smiles" and "I Could Do, Could Do, Could Do with a Bit", both written for him by Walter Tilbury. In

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts:
 1890 <mask> continued to impress his London music hall audiences and appeared on the front covers of both the Entr'acte and the Music Hall magazines, with the latter being widely available in the majority of London music hall auditoriums.Towards the end of the year, <mask> appeared at the opening of the Tivoli Music Hall, before returning to Manchester at Christmas to fulfil the second of his two pantomime engagements for Thomas Charles in Little Bo-peep, in which he played Toddlekins. The following year he reprised his role of Quasimodo and toured the provinces in The Hunchback of Notre-Dame with Balmain's company. Life at Drury Lane

The year 1891 signalled a new era in the career of <mask>. The Drury Lane pantomimes were known for their extravagance and splendour and featured lavish sets and big budgets. The first of the Drury Lane pantomimes in which <mask> appeared was Humpty Dumpty in 1891 which also starred Drury Lane regulars Marie Lloyd, Dan Leno and Herbert Campbell. As well as the title role, <mask> also played the minor part of the Yellow Dwarf in the harlequinade. It was during the latter characterisation that he revived his Big-Boot Dance, which was a hit with audiences.The following Christmas, he equalled this success with his second pantomime <mask> Bo-Peep in which he played the part of "Hop of my Thumb". As well as Leno, Lloyd and Campbell, Harris recruited the singers Ada Blanche and Cecilia Loftus as principal boy and girl respectively. Harris was thrilled with <mask> and signed him for the 1893–94 pantomime Robinson Crusoe in which he played Man Friday. The Derby Daily Telegraph called the comedian "one

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts:
 of the most amusing pantomime dames of all time". Despite a budget of £30,000, Robinson Crusoe failed to equal the success of the previous two shows, which caused Harris to rethink his cast. Unaware of Harris's plans, <mask>ich approached him with a view of a pay rise; the proposition angered the manager and not only was his request refused, but he was also ruled out of any future production. New theatrical ventures and international engagements

In the early months of 1891, <mask>ich completed a successful tour of Germany.Two years later he developed the character Miss Turpentine for his self-choreographed sketch The Serpentine Dance, which he performed over the next three years in Hamburg, Geneva, Rotterdam, Brussels, Nice, Monte Carlo, Barcelona and Budapest; the tour also enabled him to become fluent in French, German, Italian and Spanish. He portrayed Miss Turpentine as an eccentric ballerina who wore an ill-fitting tutu. The dance was a comic variation of the well-known skirt dance belonging to Loie Fuller, which had been popular in France years earlier. Another successful characterisation was that of an eccentric Spanish dancer, which <mask> devised while touring Europe, and like The Serpentine Dance, relied heavily on acrobatic choreography and comic miming rather than eccentric singing and joke reciting. It was around this period when <mask> was inducted into the fledgling entertainers' fraternity, the Grand Order of Water Rats. In 1906, he would serve as "King Rat" for the order. In 1894, free from his contractual obligations at Drury Lane, he took a three-year break from the English music hall scene and travelled

masks:
Little T
Little T
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts: to France to fulfil a number of engagements; over the next ten years, he divided his time between there and England.In the early months of 1895, he moved from music hall to variety theatre, a transition which many of his contemporaries had already successfully achieved. Lord Tom Noddy was showcased in September 1896 and ran at the Garrick Theatre, London for two months. The production had minimal success in the capital but was received well in the provinces. The show provided <mask> with the chance to promote himself as a serious actor and to separate himself from the reputation of simply being the "deformed dwarf from the music hall". The audience were described as being "very large" whose "bursts of laughter w[ere] frequent and loud". A reporter for the Edinburgh Evening News thought that <mask> was "the life and soul of the sketch" whose singing was "fairly good while [his] dancing was smart", while the critic William Archer dismissed <mask> as being the "Quasimodo of the music halls, whose talent lies in a grotesque combination of agility with deformity". He formed his own theatre company in mid-1895, and produced his first show called Lord Tom Noddy, in which he also starred.He commissioned the dramatist George Dance to write the piece and made him a partner in the company. On 11 December 1896, <mask> was invited to appear at the Folies Bergère in France, where he starred in a short piece as Miss Turpentine and performed the Big-Boot Dance. One journalist for the Sunday Referee claimed that "no artist since Loie Fuller, four years earlier, had scored such a success", and as a result, he signed a two-year contract at the


title: Little Tich

texts:
 Folies. <mask> returned to England in the later months of 1897, where he self-produced the second of his company's two shows, a musical comedy called Billy. Despite the show enjoying a healthy provincial tour after opening in Newcastle, one reporter thought that "it ha[d] not very much to recommend it", but thought that <mask>ich gave "some excellent fooling" and that it "[was] impossible not to laugh at some of the eccentricities". However, the farce failed to make it to the West End of London. <mask> saw this as a snub and he refused to perform in the capital again.Instead, he travelled to South Shields, where he appeared briefly in a successful short play called Giddy Ostend before retreating to France. In 1898 he broke the Folies contract shortly before its expiry after being scouted by Joseph Oller, who hired him to perform at the Olympia Music Hall in Paris. Following the breach of contract, the Folies manager Édouard Marchand initiated legal action against the comedian, who settled out of court for an undisclosed sum. The theatrical manager C.B. Cochran who had seen the comedian perform during this period, described him as "a reincarnation of the dwarf court-jesters of the Middle Ages—the little English Don Antonio of Velasquez". By now, <mask>ich had become frustrated with his English audiences. With Billy failing to reach London and the unequal level of success in the English capital compared to France made him shun the English variety theatre scene altogether in the final years of the century.He returned to the less-popular music halls as a result, where he remained for the rest of his career. 1900s

Marriage

masks:
Little Tich
Little T
Little Tich
Little T


title: Little Tich

texts:
 troubles

In September 1894, <mask> and Laurie established the family home in the rue Lafayette, Paris. During 1897, while <mask> was away on a tour of England, Germany and Austria, Laurie eloped to Berlin with the French actor François Marty, leaving her husband responsible for their young son Paul. Unable to care for Paul, <mask>ich sent him to England to live with relatives. That year, <mask> met the dancer Julia Recio during an engagement at the Olympia Music Hall in Paris and the two began a relationship. They moved to a flat in the boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, where they lived together, though keeping this a secret until after Laurie Relph's death in 1901. In 1900 <mask> appeared in the French capital's Phono-Cinéma-Théâtre where he performed the Big-Boot Dance, which was recorded on film by the French director Clément-Maurice.Years later, the film-maker Jacques Tati called the piece "a foundation for everything that has been realised in comedy on the screen". In 1902, <mask> starred in a special, one-off revue with Marie Lloyd at the Tivoli theatre called The Revue, which was staged to celebrate the coronation of Edward VII. The following year, <mask>'s performance at the Oxford Music Hall was described as being "... a very droll turn" by a reporter for The Cornishman newspaper, who also called his Big-Boot Dance "wonderful". <mask> rented another London property at 1 Teignmouth Road in Kilburn, to escape his life with Julia, which he was finding increasingly mundane. Despite their troubles, he married Julia in a discreet London ceremony on 31 March 1904 at St Giles Register Office and rented a further address at 44

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little T
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts: Bedford Court Mansions in Bloomsbury. Although initially happy, the marriage quickly deteriorated as a result of differing opinions over social activities and money; Julia was a sociable and extravagant person, whilst <mask>ich preferred a quieter and thriftier lifestyle. By 1906, <mask>ich and Julia had become so estranged that she moved to a neighbouring flat, rented for her by her husband.The couple never publicly announced their separation, and he continued to provide financial support for his wife and fund her extravagant lifestyle for the next twenty years. Years later, Paul Relph admitted "Father and Julia never loved one another. Poor, poor father. His life was one long misery through her." Over the next four years, <mask> continued to perform in both England and France and earned £10,000 a year. In 1905 he appeared in the second of a further three films for the French film industry called Le Raid Paris–Monte Carlo en deux heures, directed by Georges Méliès. This was followed by <mask> Tich in 1907, and <mask> Tich, the Tec two years later.In 1907 <mask> travelled to South Africa, where he appeared in a successful, nine-week engagement for a fee of £500 a week. Soon after, he returned to England to take part in the Music Hall War, which saw the Variety Artistes' Federation fight for more freedom and better working conditions on behalf of music hall performers. In 1909 he received a serious leg injury while on stage at the Belfast Hippodrome during a performance of the Serpentine Dance. A doctor in the audience diagnosed a dislocated knee, which forced the comedian to take seven weeks' recuperation. <mask>'s

masks:
Little T
Little T
Little Tich
Little
Little
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts:
 performance was described by a reporter for the Evening Telegraph and Post as being "up to date" and declared the Serpentine Dance was "next to the Big-Boot Dance in popularity". Recording career and new family

In 1910, <mask> became the adoptive father of Rodolphe Knoepper, an orphan born in 1899 to the brother of the Russian acrobat Harry Alaska. Alaska had previously worked for <mask> as his dresser and after his death, Knoepper moved into the Relph residence in France and started his education there.After a few months of living with <mask>, he was moved to London to stay with Julia. In later years <mask>'s daughter Mary said that her father treated Knoepper as more of a son than Paul, who became estranged from the family by the 1920s. While in Paris in 1910, <mask> was made an officer of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques by the French Ministry of Public Instruction for his services to the stage. Towards the end of 1910, he travelled to Scotland to complete a short engagement at the King's Theatre in Dundee. His performance was described by a theatre reviewer for the Evening Telegraph as being "downright genuine fun" and "very entertaining". The following year <mask> recorded the first of a selection of his music hall songs on one-sided shellac discs used in the early acoustic recording process. Songs included "The Gas Inspector", "King Ki-Ki", "The Toreador" and "The Zoo Keeper" and were followed two years later by "The Waiter", "The Weather", "The Don of the Don Juans" and "A Risky Thing to Do".In 1915 <mask> cut short his engagement at the Golders Green Hippodrome to take up a better offer in Paris. As a result, the

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts: proprietors of the Hippodrome sued for breach of contract and he had to pay them £103 in compensation. That year he recorded "The Tallyman", "The Gamekeeper", "The Skylark" and "The Pirate" onto disc before heading to the northern English provinces to prepare for that year's Christmas pantomime at the Royal Court Theatre in Liverpool. It was there that he met Winifred Latimer (1892–1973), a singer and actress who had had some success on the London stage under Seymour Hicks a few years previously. <mask> and Winifred were both starring in the Christmas pantomime Sinbad the Sailor, in which <mask> played the title role and Winifred supported him as the principal boy. The two grew close and against her parents wishes, they began a relationship, shortly before the pantomime closed in the early months of 1916. Sinbad the Sailor was a big success and Winifred was widely praised for her performance, which she attributed to the guidance she received from <mask>.In 1916 Winifred moved into a rented flat in Camden, chosen by <mask> for its close proximity to his house in Bedford Square; this enabled him to visit her with less chance of being recognised. In 1917 he recorded "Tally-Ho!" and "The Best Man", the final two songs from his repertoire, onto shellac discs. That year Winifred became pregnant, which ended her career on the stage, a situation which pleased <mask>ich immeasurably. However, Winifred was ostracised by her family and had to contend with life as an unmarried mother with no career and no chances of ever realising her remaining theatrical ambitions. On 23 February 1918, while <mask> was performing in Brighton, she gave

masks:
Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little T
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts:
 birth to a daughter whom she named Mary. She and Mary then moved to 64 Gloucester Place in Marylebone.Last years and death

By 1920, relations between <mask>ich and Winifred's parents had improved and they welcomed him into the family. Despite renting a new, six-room flat in Marylebone for his daughter and mistress, the comedian was now finding it increasingly difficult to support Winifred, Mary and Julia on his earnings as the years of generosity had drastically depleted his savings. His annual income in 1921 and 1922 had topped £9,750 but had dropped to £3,743 by 1923. In 1925 he earned £6,300 but this fell the following year to just £2,100. Worried by the drastic reduction in pay, he reduced Julia's payments, which angered her family. Another money-saving plan was to stop renting properties in London and secure a mortgage on a small house instead. To avoid speculation about his affair with Winifred, he decided to remain at Bedford Court Mansions, and bought a newly built house in Shirehall Park, Hendon, North-West London in September 1925 for Winifred and Mary to move into.Soon after, he embarked on a successful tour of Europe which culminated at Christmas the same year. He returned to London and took part in a Christmas benefit at the London Coliseum, where he performed the Big-Boot Dance. The performance was by then proving too strenuous for the 58-year-old comedian, and he decided to retire it that year. On the morning of 7 January 1926, Julia Relph died of a cerebral haemorrhage in the flat which <mask> had rented for her. Despite their estrangement, the comedian was distraught at her death and spent two nights at the

masks:
Little T
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts: apartment with her corpse. A few days later, he moved in with Winifred where he arranged his wife's funeral, staying in the spare bedroom as a "house guest". He made frequent visits back to Bedford Court Mansions to organise Julia's paperwork and discovered that his wife had been having an affair with his friend Emile Footgers and that she was ten years older than she had led her husband to believe.<mask>ich also found that she had used his money to buy a house in Golders Green as a future investment for Paul's daughter Constance, and that his wife had participated in a secret scam to blackmail the comedian out of large quantities of cash. Despite the revelations, <mask> mourned deeply for his wife and spoke fondly of her for the rest of his life. On 10 April 1926, <mask> married Winifred at Caxton Hall, Westminster, with little publicity. Later that evening, he appeared at the Camberwell Palace in a short but popular engagement, while his new wife returned home to Hendon. For the honeymoon, the family travelled to Bristol, where <mask> appeared on stage with the French actress Mistinguett, who presented him with a tributary gold statue of him wearing big boots. At the end of that year, the family paid a working visit to Australia, where he toured the Sydney theatres for a fee of £300 a week; he received a lukewarm reception from audiences. The following March, <mask> and his family returned to England.He made only one appearance on stage that year, in November, when he introduced a new song called "The Charlady at the House of Commons". For the character's appearance he wore a ripped and dirty frock, a scrag wig and carried

masks:
Little T
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little Tich


title: Little Tich

texts: an old mop and bucket which he borrowed from home. The act required him to flip the mop up into the air and grab the handle before carrying on singing. During one evening's performance at the Alhambra Theatre, the trick went wrong and he received a blow to his head from the mop. Despite the pain, he continued with the piece and refused to seek medical treatment for the resulting bump and intense headache which followed. One December morning in 1927, whilst getting ready for a family day out, <mask> was conversing with his wife who was in a separate room, upstairs at Shirehall Park. When he stopped responding, she became concerned, went to the room where her husband was, and found him slumped and insensible in a chair.He was taken to hospital where doctors diagnosed a stroke. He became mute and lost all feeling on the right side of his body, but was discharged from hospital and returned home to Hendon. He was frequently visited by the surgeon Sir Alfred Fripp, who made a secondary diagnosis of pernicious anaemia which he cited as having played an instrumental part in the comedian's seizure. On the morning of 10 February 1928, <mask> died at his home in Shirehall Park, Hendon, aged 60 and he was later buried at East Finchley Cemetery. His death and funeral were national news. The author and theatre critic Walter MacQueen-Pope predicted that <mask>ich would be remembered for his "physical peculiarity and the expression 'tichy', meaning small". A reporter for The Daily News called him "[the] comedian whose popularity had never waned and whose name was as famous in 1928 as it was when music-halls flourished 30 years ago".Writing

masks:
Little Tich
Little Tich
Little T


title: Little Tich

texts:
 in 1974, the author Naomi Jacob thought that <mask>ich would be remembered for many years to come stating that "there is no reason why such names as <mask> and Marie Lloyd should be forgotten any more than such names as Salvini, Bernhardt and Henry Irving". Notes and references

Notes

References

Sources

External links

 <mask>ich (Harry Relph) at Who's Who of Victorian Cinema. Sax Rohmer and <mask>ich:Chapter Sixteen, taken from Little Tich: A Book of Travels (And Wanderings). A collection of Harry Relph (<mask> Tich) volumes is held by the Victoria and Albert Museum Theatre and Performance Department. 1867 births
1928 deaths
English male comedians
Vaudeville performers
Music hall performers
Pantomime dames
Burials at East Finchley Cemetery
Articles containing video clips
20th-century English comedians
Pathé Records artists
Columbia Records

masks:
Little T
Little Tich
Little T
Little T
Little


title: Mitchell Robinson

texts:
<mask> (born April 1, 1998) is an American professional basketball player for the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected with the 36th overall pick in the 2018 NBA draft. Before beginning his professional career, he gained national coverage for withdrawing from his commitment to attend Western Kentucky University to instead dedicate the entire 2017–18 season for training on his own, being the first player to make such a decision. High school career

<mask> attended Pine Forest High School in Pensacola, Florida for the first two years of his high school career, briefly transferring to Landry-Walker College and Career Preparatory High School in New Orleans as a sophomore, for whom he never played. He did appear for Pine Forest as a freshman and sophomore, but didn't make much of an impact, as he was still relatively new to basketball, only starting playing in eighth grade, during a growth spurt that took him from  to . He first appeared in the summer league before his junior year for Chalmette High School. As a junior, <mask> led the Owls to their first state playoff win in 19 years, and in the second round, helped give the first seed and eventual state champion Natchitoches Central High School all they could handle before bowing out, their closest playoff game until the state final.He averaged 20.9 points, 13.6 rebounds, 8.1 blocks, and 2 steals per game. He made the all-district, all-Metro, and all-State teams for his efforts. <mask> then joined Dallas-based Nike Pro Skills on the AAU circuit for the summer, winning individual honors in the Nike EYBL and leading Pro Skills to the season-ending Peach Jam. His recruiting ranking shot up, and he

masks:
Mitchell Robinson III
Mitchell Robinson
Robinson
Robinson


title: Mitchell Robinson

texts: earned his fifth star. Against the top players in the country, <mask> averaged 15.5 points, 11.6 rebounds, and 4.1 blocks per game, being named to the All-EYBL second team. As a senior at Chalmette, <mask> averaged 25.7 points, 12.6 rebounds, and 6 blocked shots per outing, while earning Naismith Trophy All-America honorable mention and MaxPreps All-America honorable mention status as well as USA Today All-USA Louisiana first team honors and being named All-District, All-Metro, All-State, and the All-Metro Player of the Year from the New Orleans Advocate, as well as the St. Bernard Post Male Athlete of the Year for the parish. He led Chalmette to their first district championship in their own regular season tournament in 20 years, first district title in 21 years in the toughest basketball district in the state, and to the state semifinals for the first time in 32 years.In the Owls' 4 game state playoff run, <mask> averaged 34.5 points, 13.5 rebounds, and 7.8 blocks. <mask> became the first Chalmette basketball player to be named a McDonald's All-American, and also played in the Jordan Brand Classic and the LHSBCA All-Star game. Playing in the 2017 McDonald's All-American Boys Game, <mask> tallied 14 points, three rebounds and two blocked shots. He participated in the 2017 Jordan Brand Classic, scoring 15 points in 17 minutes of play, while pulling down three rebounds. <mask> originally committed to play college basketball at Texas A&M, but then de-committed to follow coach Rick Stansbury to Western Kentucky. Stansbury had recruited <mask> as the Aggies' assistant coach. Basketball writer Jason Frakes wrote in February 2017, <mask> "may go down as the biggest recruiting coup in

masks: Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson


title: Mitchell Robinson

texts:
 WKU basketball history."College career
In July 2017, <mask> had enrolled at Western Kentucky University for the summer semester, and practiced with the team for about two weeks before a planned team trip to Costa Rica. Sources then indicated that he had left campus, and his room was cleaned out. He was then suspended indefinitely for violating the team rules. After speaking with head coach Rick Stansbury, he was granted a release to transfer, and barring an unexpected decision by the NCAA, would have had to sit out the 2017–18 season. With the hope that a waiver would be granted by the NCAA, <mask> took visits to Louisiana State University, University of Kansas, and the University of New Orleans in August 2017. On August 27, <mask> returned to Western Kentucky a month after leaving campus. On September 18, <mask> announced he would forgo college and prepare for the 2018 NBA draft on his own accord.He would be the first recruited draft pick to wind up not playing for any college, professional, or high school/postgraduate team throughout an entire year before entering an NBA draft, although he would still be credited as coming out of Western Kentucky by the NBA. Furthermore, because of his brief time going to summer classes in Western Kentucky, he was ultimately barred from participating in the NBA G League later in the season due to G League rules. The ruling also affected a few similar prospects who were stuck in difficult situations at the time as well, like Billy Preston and De'Anthony Melton. The announcement also influenced at least one person to train by themselves for a year before entering an NBA draft, as fellow five-star recruit Darius Bazley originally planned on not

masks: Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson


title: Mitchell Robinson

texts:
 going to college at Syracuse University in order to try out for the NBA G League before deciding against that as well, claiming that it was the only league where winning does not matter after all. <mask> was named one of 69 players who planned to participate in the NBA Draft Combine. However, on the day of the event, <mask> withdrew from all combine events. Professional career

New York Knicks (2018–present)
On June 21, 2018, <mask> was selected with the 36th overall pick in the 2018 NBA draft by the New York Knicks.After appearing for the Knicks in the 2018 NBA Summer League, where he set summer league records for blocked shots and offensive rebounds, he signed a multi-year, rookie scale contract with the Knicks on July 8, 2018. After struggling with an ankle injury during the preseason, <mask> would make his professional debut on October 17, scoring two points in a 127–106 win against the Atlanta Hawks. <mask> made his first start on October 26, recording points points and six rebounds in 29 minutes of action in a 128–100 loss to the Golden State Warriors. On November 2, <mask> recorded his first double-double with 13 points and 10 rebounds, alongside three assists and three steals, in a 118–106 win over the Dallas Mavericks. On November 11, <mask> set the Knicks' rookie record with nine blocks in a 115–89 loss to the Orlando Magic. On March 28, 2019, <mask> recorded season highs of 19 points and 21 rebounds in the Knicks' 117–92 loss to the Toronto Raptors, and became the first Knicks' rookie since Willis Reed in 1965 to record 19 points and 21 rebounds in a game. <mask> finished the season second in the NBA in blocked shots per game, only behind Myles Turner of the Indiana

masks: Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson Robinson


title: Mitchell Robinson

texts:
 Pacers, and was named to the All-Rookie Second Team.On December 17, 2019, <mask> scored a career-high 22 points and recorded 13 rebounds in a 143–120 win against the Hawks. On January 1, 2020, <mask> scored 22 points on perfect 11-of-11 shooting from the field in a 117–93 win against the Portland Trail Blazers. On February 26, <mask> recorded a double-double with 12 points and a season-high 16 rebounds in a 108–101 loss to the Charlotte Hornets. When the 2019–20 regular season finished, <mask> broke Wilt Chamberlain's NBA record for highest field goal percentage in a single season. On February 12, 2021, in the Knicks' game against the Washington Wizards, <mask> fractured his right hand during the second quarter and did not return after halftime. National team career
<mask> was named to the preliminary roster of the United States national under-19 team in 2017, but did not make the final cut for the 12-men squad for the 2017 FIBA Under-19 Basketball World Cup. At the tryout, <mask> measured  without shoes,  with shoes, , with a  wingspan and  standing reach.Player profile
<mask> has been called by some analysts "the best shot blocker in his class", with uncommon closing speed and a long reach that led to numerous highlight reel blocks. He uses that speed also to run the fast break exceptionally well for a big man of his size, being called the "most entertaining player" in the New Orleans area for his ability to convert alley-oop dunks. <mask> improved his free throw shooting over the course of his two years at Chalmette, and developed range from behind the three point line, making as many as 5 in a game. NBA draft projections have compared his game to DeAndre Jordan and Tyson


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
<mask> (born 26 May 1983) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a defensive midfielder. He previously played for AGOVV, Go Ahead Eagles, AZ and AFC Ajax. While at AZ he was a key player in the squad that won the 2008–09 Dutch league, the club's first championship victory in 28 years. Following this success he transferred to Ajax, with whom he won the 2009–10 Dutch Cup, and the 2010–11 Dutch league title. A good tackler and a gifted passer of the ball, he made 24 appearances for the Netherlands national team. Club career

Go Ahead Eagles
De Zeeuw began playing football in his hometown Apeldoorn at WSV Apeldoorn and stated that football was his passion, having started out playing the sport when he was five years old. De Zeeuw played there until he was twelve at which point he was scouted by Go Ahead Eagles.De Zeeuw progressed through the club's youth system and signed his first professional contract with them when he was eighteen years old. De Zeeuw played his first matches in professional football for the Deventer-based Go Ahead Eagles. In the 2001–02 season, he played three league matches for the club, and went on to play five seasons for the club, playing 65 matches and scoring 7 goals. By the 2004–05 season, <mask>w established himself as an important player for the club. His performance attracted from Eredivisie clubs, including FC Groningen. AZ

De Zeeuw's performances were noticed by Eredivisie club AZ Alkmaar, especially after he played well during a friendly game against AZ in the summer of 2005. AZ manager Louis van Gaal was impressed by the player and he transferred to the club for €100,000, signing a four-year

masks:
Demy Patrick René de Zeeuw
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: contract.<mask> made his debut for AZ Alkmaar in the opening game of the season against Sparta Rotterdam and started the whole game, as the club won 3–0. Since joining the club, he quickly became a first team regular, playing in the either defender and midfield position. De Zeeuw played in both legs of the first round of the UEFA Cup against Krylia Sovetov Samara, as he helped AZ Alkmaar went through to the group stage through away goal following a 6–6 draw. However, <mask>w suffered a muscle injury during a 3–0 loss against PSV Eindhoven on 16 October 2005 and was substituted in the 35th minute. After the match, it was announced that he would be sidelined for two months. On 10 December 2005, <mask>w made his return to the first team, coming on as a second half substitute, in a 3–1 win against FC Twente. In a follow–up match against RKC Waalwijk, he scored his first goal for the club, in a 3–0 win.At the end of the 2005–06 season, <mask>w went on to make 33 appearances and scoring once in all competitions in his first season in the Alkmaarderhout. Consequently, in May 2006 he was offered a new contract by AZ until 2010. In the opening game of the 2006–07 season, <mask>w started the season well when he set up a goal for Joris Mathijsen, in an 8–1 win against NAC Breda. In a follow=up match against Vitesse, <mask>w scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–1 win. Since the start of the 2006–07 season, he continued to establish himself in the first team, playing in the midfield position. De Zeeuw scored his second goal of the season, in a 10–0 win against VV Bennekom in the second round of the KNVB Cup. He then scored two goals in two

masks:
De Zeeuw
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: matches between 22 October 2006 and 26 October 2006 against PSV Eindhoven and Willem II.A week later on 2 November 2006, <mask>w scored his first European goal of his career, in a 5–2 win against Grasshopper. He then scored three goals in three matches between 8 November 2006 and 18 November 2006 against SV Meerssen, Heracles Almelo and Feyenoord. On 14 February 2007, <mask>w scored his ninth goal of the season, in a 3–3 draw against Fenerbahçe in the first leg of UEFA Cup Round of 32. During a 1–1 draw against AFC Ajax on 25 February 2007, he found himself colliding with Maarten Stekelenburg, leading to teammate Maarten Martens scoring an equalising goal, which led to criticism from Netherlands media. De Zeeuw helped the club beat NAC Breda to reach the KNVB Cup Final on 19 April 2007. In the final against Ajax, he started in the match and played 102 minutes before being substituted following a 1–1 draw, as AZ Alkmaar went on to lose on penalties. De Zeeuw was featured in both legs in the play-offs for the European place against Ajax once again but the club lost 4–2 on aggregate.Despite being sidelined the total of three matches throughout the 2006–07 season, he went on to make 53 appearances and scoring nine times in all competitions. Following this, <mask>w signed a contract extension with AZ, keeping him until 2011. At the start of the 2007–08 season, <mask>w scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–0 win against Excelsior on 31 August 2007. His second goal of the season came on 23 September 2007, in a 3–2 loss against Ajax. Two weeks later on 7 October 2007, he scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–2 draw against FC

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: Groningen. After missing two matches due to injury, <mask>w scored on his return, as well as, setting up one of the goals for AZ Alkmaar, in a 4–0 win against NEC Nijmegen on 3 November 2007. He then scored two goals in two matches between 5 December 2007 and 9 December 2007 against 1.FC Nürnberg and FC Utrecht. In a match against Ajax on 13 January 2008, <mask>w received a straight red card for handball after he "had defused a header with his hand on the goal line", in a 6–1 loss. After the match, <mask>w's red card was overturned by KNVB because the club argued that he "only hit a header from Klaas Jan Huntelaar behind the goal line with his hand". Having regained his first team place since the start of the 2007–08 season, playing in the midfield position, manager Van Gaal thought that the role of <mask>w in the squad had to change; he had to start carrying the team more. However, <mask>w later criticised manager Van Gaal in an interview after there was a heated and emotional discussion between Van Gaal and the AZ players group. Throughout the 2007–08 season, AZ performed below all expectations: before the start of the competition the team was seen as one of the challengers for the title, but halfway through the seasons all hope for winning the title was gone. De Zeeuw described the season as "one giant disappointment".AZ finished the season in a disappointing 11th position in the league. Despite being sidelined on three occasions later in the 2007–08 season, he went on to make 37 appearances and scoring seven times in all competitions. After UEFA Euro 2008, <mask>w was linked with a move to AFC Ajax, his childhood dream club, where

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: former Netherlands manager Marco van Basten had taken over, but a move failed to materialise. Partly because of his public soliciting for a transfer he saw himself out of the starting line-up at the beginning of the 2008–09 season in the opening match against NAC Breda. De Zeeuw was almost transferred to Hamburger SV on the last day of the transfer period after an accord on the transfer fee was reached between the two clubs but the German club was too late to register the player with the German Football Association, so a move again failed to materialise. He then made his first start of the season in the third league match of the season, a 1–0 victory over PSV Eindhoven on 20 September 2008. In a follow–up match against Willem II, <mask>w scored his first goal of the season, in a 5–3 win.He then contributed for AZ Alkmaar when he set up three goals in the next two matches, including a brace against Sparta Rotterdam. Despite his problems at the beginning of the season, <mask>w soon fought himself back into the starting line-up, playing in the midfield position. In his 100th appearance for the club, He then scored his second goal of the season, in a 2–0 win against Ajax on 23 November 2008. After missing one match due to picking yellow cards, <mask>w returned to the starting line–up against Feyenoord on 13 December 2008 and helped AZ Alkmaar win 1–0. In a follow–up match against FC Utrecht, he scored his third goal of the season, in a 2–0 win. During the winter break, La Liga side Valencia and HSV, again, wanted to sign <mask>w, but the club stated that they would not allow the player to leave halfway throughout the season. AZ would not lose


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
 a single match in the rest of the first half of the competition, and helped the club win the league for the first time since 1981 after title contender AFC Ajax lost 6–2 to PSV Eindhoven on 18 April 2009.At the end of the 2008–09 season, he went on to make 34 appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. For his performance, <mask>w was named Voetbal International's Team of the Season. In the spring of 2009, AZ offered <mask>w a contract extension again, this time until 2011. This time, however, the player rejected the proposal. The success brought more attention from international clubs including HSV once again. In July 2009 Ajax officially announced that they were interested in signing the player. <mask> himself stated that he was interested in moving to the Amsterdam club where former HSV manager Martin Jol had taken over from Van Basten.AZ initially stated that they did not wish to sell the player to a club they saw as a direct competitor, but after several weeks showed a willingness to cooperate on the transfer. On 24 July 2009, the definite transfer from AZ to Ajax was announced for a reported €6 million. The player signed a contract for 4 seasons, until 2013. Ajax

De Zeeuw was presented to the Ajax fans ahead of a match between Ajax and Atlético Madrid during the Amsterdam Tournament and was given a number forty shirt. He later stated his choice to join boyhood club because of UEFA Champions League and that manager Martin Jol was a huge factor for him to join. De Zeeuw made his debut for Ajax, starting the whole game, in a 2–0 win against FC Groningen in the opening game of the season. After the match, manager Jol

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
De Zeeuw


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: praised his performance, calling it "excellent".Since joining the club, he quickly establish himself in the first team, playing in the defensive midfield position. Despite suffering a foot injury, <mask>w started in the match in the play–off round of the UEFA Europa League against Slovan Bratislava and played a role for Ajax when he set up twice in the first leg in a 5–0 win, as the club went on to win 7–1 on aggregate. De Zeeuw followed up by contributing three assists in two matches, with once against Heracles Almelo and twice against NAC Breda. Two weeks later on 27 September 2009, he scored his first Eredivisie goal for Ajax in a 3–0 victory over ADO Den Haag at the Amsterdam ArenA. During a 1–1 draw against Anderlecht on 2 October 2009, <mask>w was involved in an incident with Jelle Van Damme after he tackled Van Damme, provoking him by pushing him that was caught by the referee and was given a red card. After the match, Van Damme felt that <mask>w should have been sent–off for the tackle on him. But no action was taken against him, as Van Damme was given a two match suspension.In a build up to a match against his former club AZ Alkmaar on 25 October 2009, he praised manager Jol and claimed his management was better than Van Gaal, claiming that he "can build a team himself, puts it tactically well, makes players better individually". On the day of the match against his former club AZ Alkmaar, <mask>w started in the match and made an assist for Gregory van <mask>, as the club won 4–2. However, the match was overshadowed for <mask>w, as he was booed and jeered by AZ Alkmaar fans, who at one point called him "cancer jew", so referee Bas

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
der Wiel
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: Nijhuis stopped the match for time being. This led to AZ Alkmaar's management to apologise to <mask>w for the chant, though no actions against his former club was taken by the KNVB. On 1 November 2009, he scored a brace in the "klassieker" against arch-rivals Feyenoord in a 5–1 thrashing of the Rotterdam team. This was followed up by scoring his first goal in European football, in a 2–0 win against Dinamo Zagreb. Three weeks later on 22 November 2009, he scored another brace, in a 5–1 demolition of SC Heerenveen, taking his tally to six goals in the first 21 matches of the 2009–10 season.A month later on 23 December 2009, <mask>w scored his seventh goal of the season, as well as, providing a hat–trick assists, in a 14–1 win against WHC Wezep in the last 16 of the KNVB Cup. After missing one match due to a yellow card, he scored his return from suspension, as well as, providing a double assists, in a 3–1 win against NEC Nijmegen on 27 January 2010. A week later on 7 February 2010, <mask>w scored his ninth goal of the season, in a 3–0 win against FC Twente. Two weeks later against Vitesse on 21 February 2010, he provided two assists in the last two matches for Ajax, in a 4–0 win. After missing another one match suspension due to suspension, <mask>w scored on his return from suspension, in a 6–0 win against Go Ahead Eagles on 25 March 2010 to help the club reach the final of the KNVB Cup. In the last game of the season against NEC Nijmegen, he scored his eleventh goal of the season, as Ajax won 4–1 to finish second place after finishing behind FC Twente, who won the league title. In the final of KNVB Cup, <mask>w played in both legs and in

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: the second leg, he set up a goal for Siem <mask>, as the club beat Feyernood 6–1 on aggregate to win the tournament.Throughout the 2009–10 season, he suffered minor setbacks that saw him miss matches. Despite this, <mask>w finished his season with a positive one, as he scored eleven goals in forty-seven appearances in all competitions. Ahead of the 2010–11 season, <mask>w switched number shirt from 40 to 20. He also stated his prediction that Ajax could be title contenders. De Zeeuw helped the club reach the Group-Stage of the UEFA Champions League after beating PAOK Salonika and Dynamo Kiev. De Zeeuw played a role in the league when he set up three times in the first four league matches of the season for Ajax. In a match against Real Madrid on 15 September 2010, <mask>w played 68 minutes before being substituted, in which he was unhappy with Jol's decision to have him substituted.As a result, <mask> was dropped to the substitute bench for the match against the club's rival, Feyenoord on 19 September 2010. He scored his first UEFA Champions League goal, as Ajax beat Auxerre 2–1 on 19 October 2010. Despite this, <mask>w continued to feature in and out of the first team under the management of Martin Jol and this last until Jol was sacked and replaced by <mask> Boer. In <mask>'s first game, he scored his second UEFA Champions League goal, in a 2–0 win over Milan on 8 December 2010, as the club finished third place in the group stage, resulting in them playing in the UEFA Europa League. Under <mask>, <mask>w's playing style changed after <mask> made changes to the club's style of play. On the last day of the January transfer window, he was

masks:
de Jong
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeuw
de Zeeu
Frank de
de Boer
de Boer
de Zeeu
de Boer


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
 linked with a move to the Turkish team Fenerbahçe who even made a bid for him, which was rejected by Ajax. De Zeeuw then scored his third goal of the season, in a 5–1 win against RKC Waalwijk in the semi–finals of the KNVB Cup.Three days later on 6 March 2011 against his former club, he scored his fourth goal of the season and was named man of the match after beating AZ Alkmaar 4–0. In the final of the KNVB Cup against Twente, <mask>w scored the opener after just 19 minutes, but unfortunately, Ajax would go on to lose 3–2 to Twente. Seven days later on 15 May 2011, Ajax and Twente decided the Eredivisie title in the last league match of the season, and <mask>w started the whole hame, as the club won 3–1 to win the league title. Throughout the 2010–11 season, he suffered minor injuries but didn'r affect his first team place. Despite this, <mask>w went on to make 47 appearances and scoring five times in all competitions. At the end of the 2010–11 season, <mask>w was linked with a move to Spartak Moscow. Manager <mask> was willing to sell him at the right price.On 29 June 2011, it was reported by De Telegraaf Ajax agreed to sell <mask>w to Spartak Moscow. Spartak Moscow

The transfer move was officially confirmed on 6 July 2011 when <mask>w had transferred to the Russian club for an estimated €7 million. As a result of the move to Spartak Moscow, his first club, Go Ahead Eagles, received 5% transfer move. Upon joining Spartak Moscow, <mask>w would play in the same position, just like he did at Ajax, as manager Valeri Karpin suggested. In addition, <mask>w was given a number sixteen shirt. After being absent for two games at the start of the

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Boer
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: season, <mask> made his debut for the club in a 4–2 win over Terek Grozny on 7 August 2011. After a slow start, he scored his first goal for Spartak Moscow in a 3–0 win over Krylia Sovetov Samara on 18 September 2011.In a follow–up match Krasnodar on 25 September 2011, <mask>w scored his second goal for the club, in a 4–2 win but he suffered an injury and was substituted as a result. After the match, manager Karpin suggested that <mask>w suffered a concussion as the result of his injury. But he made a quick recovery and was featured in a match against Zenit Saint Petersburg on 2 October 2011 and set up one of Spartak Moscow's goals, in a 2–2 draw. However, during a 4–0 win against Tom Tomsk on 23 October 2011, <mask>w sustained a knee injury and had to be substituted in the 62nd minute. As a result, he would miss the remaining two games before taking a long break until March. On 19 March 2012, <mask> made his return to the first team from injury, starting a match and playing 73 minutes before being substituted, in a 2–1 loss against CSKA Moscow. However, his return was short–lived when he suffered an injury and never played for the rest of the 2011–12 season.At the end of the 2011–12 season, <mask>w went on to make sixteen appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. However, he was criticised by the club's supporters. In response to criticism, <mask>w said he doesn't get on the first team because of injuries, and was often played in occasional games. At the start of the 2012–13 season, <mask>w started in a number of matches for Spartak Moscow, playing in the defensive midfield position. However, he received a second bookable

masks:
de Zeeuw
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeuw
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
 offense in the play-off of the Champions League, as the club beat Fenerbahçe 3–2 on aggregate to reach the group-stage. After the match, <mask>w said he expressed his dissatisfaction for receiving a second bookable offense. De Zeeuw then scored his first goal of the season, in a 2–1 win against Salyut Belgorod in the round of 32 of Russian Cup on 26 September 2012.A week later on 2 October 2012 against Celtic, he set up a goal for Emmanuel Emenike, who went on to score twice, in a 3–2 loss. However, <mask>w was unable to earn his first place, as he could not really prevail and often sat on the bench in his second season at Spartak Moscow. As a result, <mask> was expecting to leave the club in the January transfer window. By the time he was loaned out, he went on to make seventeen appearances and scoring once in all competitions. After joining Anderlecht on loan, <mask>w was described as the "worst transfer signing" by Manager Karpin, who signed him from Ajax. He expressed relief at leaving Spartak Moscow. At the end of the 2012–13 season, <mask>w was considered by the club to be in the first team next season, but <mask>w made it clear that he refused to return to the club.At the end of the 2013–14 season, <mask> was released by the club when his contract expired. Anderlecht (loan)
On 22 January 2013, <mask>w joined Belgian Pro League club Anderlecht on loan for the remainder of the season. Upon joining the club, he was given a number six shirt. De Zeeuw made his debut for Anderlecht on 15 February 2013, coming on as a 75th-minute substitute, in a 2–0 victory over Charleroi. In a follow–up match against Club Brugge, he set up a goal for

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeuw
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeuw
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: Samuel Armenteros to score an equalising goal, in a 2–2 draw. Following this, <mask>w was involved in a number of matches in the first team, playing in the midfield position. On 19 May 2013, he scored his first goal for the club, in a 4–2 win over Lokeren.His goal against Genk in the previous match eventually awarded it as an own goal to Khaleem Hyland. His contributions at the club saw Anderlect win the league after a 1–1 draw against Zulte-Waregem. At the end of the 2012–13 season, <mask>w went on to make twelve appearances and scoring once in all competitions. With no option to sign on a permanent basis, he returned to his parent club. Having wanted to stay at Anderlecht for another season, it was announced on 5 July 2013 that <mask>w was loaned again by the club for the second time, which would keep him until the end of the 2013–14 season. His first game after signing for Anderlecht on loan for the second time came on 21 July 2013 against Genk and started the whole game, in a 1–0 win. Since making his debut for the club, he found himself in and out of the first team.<mask> then scored his first goal for Anderlecht in his second loan spell against Zulte-Waregem on 1 September 2013 and the club went on to lose 4–3. Three weeks later on 25 September 2013, he scored his second goal for Anderlecht in the round six of the Belgian Cup, in a 7–0 win over Eupen. On 5 November 2013, he scored his third goal of the season, in the Champions League Group Stage, in a 1–1 draw against Paris Saint Germain. After the match, <mask> said scoring against PSG made it his day, as he relished it. On 30 November 2013, <mask>w was later criticised by Manager

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
De Zeeuw
de Zeeuw
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
 John van <mask> for having a bad attitude. The pair previously clashed after he criticised <mask> Brom's tactics following a 2–0 loss against Benfica in a UEFA Champions League match on 17 September 2013. But they quickly made amends after meeting each other.Despite reports that <mask>w could leave the club in the January transfer window, he ended up staying at Anderlecht for the rest of the 2013–14 season. Following this, <mask>w suffered a concussion while training and never played for the club again. Despite this, his contributions to Anderlecht later saw them win the league once again. At the end of the 2013–14 season, he went on to make eighteen appearances and scoring three times in all competitions. Following this, <mask>w left Anderlecht and returned to his parent club. NAC Breda
After leaving Spartak Moscow, <mask>w was linked with a move to New York Cosmos and various Dutch clubs, including his former club, Go Ahead Eagles and NAC Breda. After spending six months as a free agent, he made himself publicity available after posting it on LinkedIn.On 7 February 2015, <mask>w signed an amateur deal with Dutch Eredivisie team NAC Breda until the end of the season. Because of Dutch football regulations, <mask>w's amateur deal was turned into a professional deal on 10 February 2015. He made his debut for the club against ADO Den Haag on 14 February 2015 and scored twice, as NAC Breda lost 3–2. In a follow–up match against SC Cambuur, <mask>w set up one a goal for Adnane Tighadouini, who went on to score twice, in a 2–1 win. Since joining NAC Breda, he quickly established himself in the first team, playing in the midfield position. In the

masks:
den Brom
van den
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
 league's play-off spot, <mask>w played all four matches, as he failed to help the club avoid relegation after losing to Roda JC through away goal. At the end of the 2014–15 season, <mask>w went on to make sixteen appearances and scoring two times in all competitrions.Following this, he was released by NAC Breda. De Zeeuw spent a year being a free agent before announcing his retirement from professional football in October 2016.

International career

Though <mask>w was born in Apeldoorn, Netherlands, he was eligible to represent the Netherlands Antilles before its defunct in 2010. Netherlands U21
In May 2005, <mask> was called up to the Netherlands U21 squad for the first time. He made his debut for the U21 Oranje side, coming on as a second half substitute, in a 2–0 win against Romania U21 on 3 June 2005. <mask> was called up to the Netherlands U21 squad for the UEFA European Under-21 Championship in Portugal. Three days later on 17 May 2006, he scored his first goal for the U21 Oranje side, in a 2–2 draw against Germany U21. Besides being an unused substitute in a 2–1 loss against Ukraine U21 in the group match, <mask>w played in every match on the tournament.Jong Oranje started and finished their campaign against Ukraine U21, going out on a high with a 3–0 win in the final, after surprisingly losing their opening game to the Ukrainian team. Following the tournament, manager Foppe <mask> praised both <mask>w and Ismaïl Aissati's performances. Following this, he went in to make ten appearances and scoring once for the Netherlands U21 side. Senior Team

De Zeeuw played so well for AZ that he was able to make his debut for the Netherlands

masks:
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeuw
De Zeeuw
de Zeeu
de Haan
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: national football team under then-manager Marco van Basten in August 2006. However, <mask>w spent the next seven months, appearing as an unused substitute. Impressive performances for AZ led to his international debut for the Dutch national team in a UEFA Euro 2008 qualifier against Slovenia on 28 March 2007, coming on as a 74th-minute substitute, in a 1–0 win. De Zeeuw usually played as a defensive midfielder and in the national team, he had to compete with the likes of Mark van Bommel, Orlando Engelaar, and <mask> Jong in that position.<mask> made his first start for Netherlands, starting a match and played 58 minutes before being substituted, in a friendly against South Korea on 2 June 2007. In a match against Bulgaria on 8 September 2007, he started the whole game and was a key player throughout the match, as Oranje won 2–0. De Zeeuw started in the remaining UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying matches, as he helped Netherlands qualify for the UEFA Euro 2008. In March 2008, <mask>w said in an interview with Algemeen Dagblad that he hoped to make a good impression during UEFA Euro 2008 to earn a transfer to another club. For the first six months of 2008, <mask>w continued to feature regularly for the national side, playing in the midfield position. Two months later, he was included in the Oranje's provisional squad. De Zeeuw made the 23 men squad ahead of the tournament despite suffering setback to his injury.However, his appearance was limited to a single appearance in the group stage against Romania. Following the conclusion of the UEFA Euro 2008, <mask> received another call–up from the Netherlands squad on 6 August 2008. He made his first

masks:
de Zeeu
Nigel de
De Zeeuw
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
de Zeeuw


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts: appearance of the national side in two months against Russia on 20 August 2008, coming on as an 84th-minute substitute, in a 1–1 draw. De Zeeuw appeared to make three more starts by the end of the year. On 5 September 2009, he made his first appearances for Netherlands in ten months against Japan, coming on as 64th-minute substitute and set up a goal for <mask> to score the second goal of the game, in a 3–0 win. With Oranje qualifying for the FIFA World Cup, <mask>w said he determined to make it to the Netherlands squad. In May 2010, <mask>w was included in the preliminary squad for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa.On 27 May 2010, Netherlands manager Bert van Marwijk announced that the player would be part of the final squad of 23 participating in the competition. Prior to the start of the tournament, he made his 25th appearance for Oranje, coming on as a 79th-minute substitute, in a 6–1 win against Hungary on 5 June 2010. De Zeeuw came on as a substitute for their first match in the competition, a 2–0 victory over Denmark on 14 June 2010. He then appeared on the substitute bench for the next four matches, as Oranje reached the quarter–final. De Zeeuw was in the starting line-up for the semi-final match against Uruguay and provided an assist for Giovanni van Bronckhorst to score the opening goal of the game, in a 3–2 win. However, during the match, the player had to be replaced by Rafael van <mask>t at half time after an incident where he was kicked in the face by Martín Cáceres and was taken to the hospital as a result. Neuropsychology concludes that <mask>w could have suffered multiple symptoms.But he was given an all clear by

masks:
Wesley Sneder
de Zeeu
de Zeeu
der Vaar
de Zeeu


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
 doctors and had to wear braces for six weeks. Nevertheless, <mask>w appeared as an unused substitute in the FIFA World Cup Final against Spain, as Netherlands lost 1–0, finishing the tournament as runners–up. Since the World Cup, <mask>w was called up by Netherlands squad for the match against San Marino, but did not play. However, he struggled to earn a call up by the national team and cited lack of first opportunities at Spartak Moscow, as well as injuries, as some of the reasons for his absence and quietly retired from international football. Personal life
De Zeeuw revealed that when he was five years old, his parents divorced and he moved with his father to Apeldoorn. De Zeeuw spoke about his relationship with his mother, saying: "My mother was only 16 years old when she got me, my father a few years older. That is why it was a logical choice that I went to live with him.In the early years I saw my mother sometimes, then only once. I was fifteen. I have never seen or spoken to her since." In April 2014, <mask>w became a father when his girlfriend gave birth to a girl, Roqi. In April 2018, he became a second time father when his girlfriend (now wife) gave birth to a baby boy. In January 2011, <mask>w tweeted that his house was robbed after claiming that the thieves took his jewellery, laptop and also his Fiat 500 car. In July 2014, he tweeted once again that his girlfriend's car was stolen while on vacation.Upon joining Spartak Moscow, <mask>w started learning Russian. He also speaks Dutch and English. Esquire named <mask>w as the most fashionable footballer and in the same interview, he later stated travelling as his greatest passion.


title: Demy de Zeeuw

texts:
 De Zeeuw says his idol was Roberto Baggio while growing up. <mask> <mask>w created his own brand called Balr with a few different Dutch footballers called Eljero Elia and Gregory van <mask>. De Zeeuw also owns a few big instagram accounts like: @balr, @433, @hotels and @wannahaves. He later revealed that his step mother was an influence for him to become a businessman.Career statistics

Honours
AZ
Eredivisie: 2008–09

Ajax
Eredivisie: 2010–11
KNVB Cup: 2009–10

Anderlecht
Belgian Pro League: 2012–13, 2013–14
Belgian Super Cup: 2013

Netherlands
FIFA World Cup runner-up: 2010

References

External links

FIFA.com profile
Holland stats at OnsOranje
Demy De Zeeuw Profile at Voetbal International

1983 births
Living people
Association football midfielders
Dutch footballers
Dutch expatriate footballers
Netherlands under-21 international footballers
Netherlands international footballers
2010 FIFA World Cup players
AZ Alkmaar players
Go Ahead Eagles players
AFC Ajax players
FC Spartak Moscow players
De Zeeuw, Demy
NAC Breda players
Sportspeople from Apeldoorn
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Russian Premier League players
De Zeeuw, Demy
Expatriate footballers in Russia
De Zeeuw, <mask>
UEFA Euro 2008 players
Indo people
Dutch people of Aruban descent
Footballers from

masks:
Demy
de Zeeu
der Wiel
Demy


title: Amadeus Pok

texts:
Amadeus from the kindred Pok (; died 1267 or 1268) was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Győr from 1254 until his death. Background
Amadeus was born into the wealthy and powerful gens (clan) Pok, which possessed large-scale landholdings in Győr County, but his parentage is unknown. He was a contemporary to his distant relative, Maurice II. He was a "frater" (close relative) of Ded and comes John, and he also had two nephews, Paul and Peter, both entered ecclesiastical service and the former was archdeacon of Sopron. Historian Ferenc Jenei translated the Latin phrase as "brother", consequently he considered Amadeus was the son of Maurice I too. Amadeus attended the University of Bologna and obtained the terminal degree of doctor of canon law. Returning to Hungary, he served as provost of the collegiate chapter of Vasvár from around 1249 to 1253, a royal church, which also functioned as a place of authentication.Bishop of Győr
After a two-year period of vacancy, <mask> was elected Bishop of Győr by the cathedral chapter sometime before the spring of 1254, but it is plausible he took the dignity already at the turn of 1252 and 1253, based on a papal document regarding the subsequent dispute over the benefice at the chapter of Vasvár. Since the late 17th-century, some historiographical works and scholars (for instance, Márton Szentiványi and György Pray) incorrectly claimed that a certain George served as Bishop of Győr during the 1250–1260s. He was a confidant of Béla IV of Hungary, who petitioned to the Roman Curia in order to confirm his election by Pope Innocent IV. In his letter, King Béla IV referred


title: Amadeus Pok

texts:
 Urban IV donated this benefice to a foreign cleric, a certain Irenaeus. Amadeus prevented him from occupying his position. He even refused to appoint the cleric, when Archbishop Smaragd of Kalocsa ordered him on behalf of the pope. As a result, Smaragd excommunicated <mask> <mask> and Irenaeus filed a lawsuit against his superior. Pope Urban commissioned the Hungarian cardinal Stephen Báncsa to investigate the dispute.After a personal hearing, Peter could retain his position, but Amadeus had to find a properly profitable office for Irenaeus in his diocese. Amadeus attended the national synods in Esztergom (1256) and Buda (1263). In the latter meeting, Amadeus was entrusted to write the topics that arise. His charter also preserved the harsh dispute between Philip Türje, Archbishop of Esztergom and Job Záh, Bishop of Pécs over the former's supremacy. Amadeus distanced himself in the conflict between Béla IV and his son Duke Stephen in the 1260s, and did not interfere in secular affairs nor hold dignity in the royal court. Pope Urban, among others, instructed Amadeus to force Duke Stephen, even with ecclesiastical censure, to respect the property rights of his family members – primarily, Anna of Macsó and her sons – in the territory of his realm. He was last mentioned as a living person in August 1267, when he permitted to the settlers of Vitéz in Moson County to build a stone church.He died by April 1268, when his successor Farkas Bejc already appeared as bishop-elect. References

Sources

1260s deaths
13th-century Hungarian people
13th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Hungary
Amadeus
Bishops of Győr
University of

masks: Amadeus Pok


title: Mustafa Ben Halim

texts:
<mask> (; 29 January 1921 – 7 December 2021) was a Libyan politician and businessman who served in a number of leadership positions in the Kingdom of Libya from 1953 to 1960. <mask> was the Prime Minister of Libya from 12 April 1954 to 25 May 1957. Through his political and private sector work, he supported the development of the modern Libyan state. Early life
<mask> was born in exile in Alexandria, Egypt on 29 January 1921, where his Cyrenaican father sought refuge from the Italian occupation of Libya. He graduated with a B.S. in civil engineering from the Egyptian University of Alexandria in 1943. The Libya years
<mask> returned to Libya in 1950 to help with the reconstruction of the country following the Second World War and subsequent Allied occupation of Libya.He was appointed Minister of Public Works in Libya's first government in 1953. At the age of 33, he was appointed Prime Minister in 1954, a position he held until 1957. During his time as Prime Minister, <mask> supported the growth and development of modern-day Libya. He helped draft Libya's petroleum laws which ultimately led to the discovery of oil in 1959. Under his leadership, the Libyan oil sector was divided into a smaller number of concessions to support competition in the Libyan oil sector. <mask> also founded the University of Libya and the Central Bank of Libya. As Prime Minister, <mask> prioritized building relationships and alliances with the West, notably Great Britain, the United States, and France.Due to these relationships, <mask> was able to secure aid for Libya from Great Britain and the United States at a time of heightened Cold War tensions. During his time as Prime Minister, <mask> established a positive diplomatic relationship with the Soviet Union which ultimately led to Libya's recognition at the United Nations

masks:
Mustafa Ahmed Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim


title: Mustafa Ben Halim

texts: which had been previously blocked by the USSR. In addition, <mask> collaborated closely with other Arab nations and neighboring countries, strengthening Libya's geopolitical position. In 1957, <mask> resigned as Prime Minister due to a lack of commitment from King Idris to move Libya towards a more open democracy. Despite these differences, <mask> and King Idris remained close over the coming years. From 1957 to 1958, <mask> served as the Private Councillor to King Idris. He was later appointed Libyan Ambassador to France from 1958 to 1960 during which time he helped negotiate the French/Algerian truce between the FLN and the French Government.<mask> returned to Tripoli and left public service in 1960 to start his own construction business. He set up the Libyan Company for Engineering and Construction (Libeco) with the U.S. company Brown and Root, and then expanded to form a partnership with Bechtel. He further diversified his interests with other ventures in manufacturing and natural resources, including setting up the Libyan Company for Soap and Chemicals and the Libyan Gas Company which supplied all of Libya's needs in nitrogen and oxygen. He diversified further into financials by co-founding the Bank of North Africa, a Libyan bank formed out of a joint venture with Morgan Guaranty Trust and the British Bank of the Middle East (BBME). He became Chairman of the Board of the new bank. Between 1964 and 1968, <mask> served as an informal advisor to King Idris on institutional reforms which were proposed during his term as Prime Minister. Due to ongoing political pressure from special interest groups, the reforms were not fully implemented.In 1969, <mask> was on a family holiday in Switzerland when Muammar Gaddafi staged his coup. After Gaddafi took power, <mask> was unable to return to Libya. Over

masks:
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim


title: Mustafa Ben Halim

texts:
 the next 15 years, <mask> was tried in absentia by the "People's Tribunal" for allegedly "corrupting political life". Life in exile and return
Unable to return to Libya, <mask> briefly settled in London where he and his family were granted political asylum. He then moved to Beirut, Lebanon in 1970 to pursue new business ventures, including helping Consolidated Contractors Company negotiate sub-contracting agreements with the Bechtel Corporation, one of the largest civil engineering firms in the world. In 1973 a failed kidnapping attempt by mercenaries hired by Colnel Gaddafi forced him to relocate his family to London. In the years that followed, there were several assassination attempts made on <mask>'s life which were foiled by British Intelligence.<mask> was granted Saudi nationality in 1975, six years after King Faisal of Saudi Arabia granted the <mask> family passports to allow them to travel and conduct business in Lebanon and the United Kingdom. In 1980, he was appointed Personal Councilor to then Crown Prince Fahd bin Abdul Aziz of Saudi Arabia. <mask> was the last surviving of the Kingdom of Libya's premiers, and the only one of them who witnessed the fall of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. After the fall of Gaddafi, <mask> returned to Libya after 42 years in exile. His homecoming was warmly received by the Libyan people. His house in Tripoli, which in 1969 was left in the custody of a sentry, was seized by the sentry who then claimed ownership of the property. Personal life and death
<mask> was married to Yusra Kanaan.They had six children. <mask>'s eldest son, Amr <mask>, is the Founder and a board member of Al Yusr Industrial Contracting Company. He also founded the Forum for Democratic Libya after the revolution in February 2011 to promote and advocate a culture of democracy. He has also

masks:
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim


title: Mustafa Ben Halim

texts:
 supported other civil society organisations which aim to have a positive impact in post revolution Libya. Hany <mask> is a real estate developer and investor
 Tarek <mask> <mask>, founded Alfanar, the Arab region's first venture philanthropy organisation, in 2004, after a career in investment banking. Tarek went back to Libya in 2005/6 to support Saif al-Islam Gaddafi in his attempts to bring about political reform. Tarek then resigned in 2008, as he was disenchanted with the lack of true intent to reform, and died in December 2009.<mask> <mask> co-founded The Capital Partnership, an investment management firm, in 1998 following a career in banking and investment industries. He is also the founder and Chairman of Libya Holdings Group, an investment company focused on the development of Libya's energy, infrastructure and financial sectors. Abir Challah née Abir <mask>
 Sherine <mask> Jafar is an author. Her book "Under the Copper Covers", a culinary journey through North Africa and Middle East was published in 2015 by Rimal Publications

He turned 100 on 29 January 2021 and died on 7 December 2021. Literature
 Libya: The Years of Hope - The Memoirs of <mask> <mask>-<mask> - Former Prime Minister of Libya,
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir - صفحات مطوية من تاريخ ليبيا السياسي" Rimal Publications, 2011 (Arabic Edition)
"Libya's Hidden Pages of History: A Memoir" Rimal Publications, 2013 (English Edition)
Dictionary of Modern Arab History, an A-Z of over 2,000 entries from 1798 to the Present Day, by Robin Leonard Bidwell

References

External links
Forum for Democratic Libya

1921 births
2021 deaths
Egyptian centenarians
Libyan centenarians
Prime Ministers of Libya
People from Benghazi
Ambassadors of Libya to France
Transport ministers of Libya
Men centenarians
Egyptian

masks:
Ben Halim
Mustafa Ben
Halim
Ahmed Ben
Halim
Ben Halim
Ben Halim
Mustafa Ahmed
Ben
Halim


title: Mimie Wood

texts:
Susan Selina "<mask>" <mask>  (4 December 1888 – 25 August 1979) was a New Zealand secretary, accountant, and librarian for the Royal Society of New Zealand. She was employed by the organisation from 1920 until her retirement in 1962. Coleridge Farr, president of the New Zealand Institute from 1929 to 1931, said of her that it would be more accurate to describe her as the institute's assistant president. She carried a large administrative load at the Royal Society and correctly predicted that upon her retirement, she would be replaced by five people; those five positions were established within three years of her departure. From 1920 until shortly before her death, <mask> lived in Eastbourne with her partner, Margaret Magill. There, they were part of a circle of lesbian friends at a time when it was highly unusual to be openly lesbian. They were both very active in the community and both were appointed members of the Order of the British Empire.<mask> co-founded a number of community groups and usually served on committees, holding positions with those groups for decades. She was elected fellow of two societies. Early life
<mask> was born in 1888 in Dunedin. She was christened as Susan Selina <mask> at the Anglican St Peter's Church in Caversham. She never used her birth name, not even on official documents, but always signed as <mask> <mask>. Her parents were Edwin Thomas and Susan Sophia <mask> (). <mask> received her education at schools in various Dunedin suburbs: Wakari, Kaikorai, and then at Dunedin Normal School in Dunedin North.She did not receive a secondary school education. Her father, who was an accountancy tutor, also taught writing and was a designer. He announced one day that he would teach calligraphy to Mimie and make her "the best in New Zealand". Her handwritten minutes that she would take in copperplate script were testimony to her father's teaching. She attended Knox Church in George Street, and for some time she taught bible classes there. She knew John Marwick in Dunedin,

masks: Mimie Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Mimie Wood Wood Wood


title: Mimie Wood

texts:
 who would later become a palaeontologist and geologist. It is thought that she knew the Hon.G. M. Thomson through Knox Church. <mask> died in 1918 and <mask> in 1925; both her parents died in their home town Dunedin. Professional career
<mask> took her first job at the Athenaeum in The Octagon, where she catalogued books using the Dewey Decimal Classification. Her next employment was in the office of the hardware merchants Paterson & Barr Ltd in Princes Street. At some time before 1919, she moved to Wellington, where her first role was as an assistant accountant to a large commercial business. The New Zealand Institute decided in 1919 that they needed to employ a permanent paid official as the workload for their honorary officials had become too time-consuming. The Board of Governors gave authority to the Standing Committee to employ someone for a salary not exceeding NZ£200.Tasks to fulfill were to act as assistant secretary, assistant treasurer, assistant editor, assistant librarian, compile indexes for the institute's Transactions and cards for the International Catalogue of Scientific Literature. In May 1920, the Standing Committee tasked the institute's president—Thomas Easterfield—with appointing the right person. <mask> received the appointment in August 1920 and Thomson, who had been the institute's president in 1907 and 1908, was instrumental in her getting the job. At the beginning of the Great Depression, her salary was cut in line with the blanket salary cut for civil servants. Geophysicist Coleridge Farr, who was the institute's president at the time, pointed out that <mask> had put him right on many occasions in her "usual cheerful manner" where he would otherwise have gone wrong, and that her title of an assistant was not correct, as she was the institute's secretary. Farr suggested that if the word "assistant" was required, "a more just title would be 'assistant president'." At the subsequent 1931 annual general meeting, Thomson moved that <mask>'s title be changed to the

masks:
Edwin Wood
Susan Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood
Wood


title: Mimie Wood

texts: secretary.<mask> had a deep admiration for Thomson and kept his portrait in her bedroom all her life. The honorary secretary of the institute was the chemist Bernard Aston from 1908 to 1925, but after a while in the role, <mask> replaced Aston. <mask> interacted more with Aston than any other board member. <mask> is regarded as having dedicated her life to the Royal Society. She was well-liked, exceedingly helpful, and trusted with many confidential matters, as she was discreet. Journalists recorded how helpful she was to them when they reported from meetings of the institute's board. <mask> got on well with all board members and presidents, with the exception of botanist Leonard Cockayne (president from 1918 to 1920 immediately prior to <mask>'s appointment), who was known for his brusque manner.When <mask> attended a committee meeting, taking notes on the request of Aston, Cockayne asked: "What is SHE doing here?" <mask> never forgave him and late in life noted that: "Despite all his honours he was the rudest man I ever met." The New Zealand Institute had to move from the wooden Dominion Museum as the Public Works Department would not allow further bookshelves to be installed over a concern of excessive weight. Professor Harry Kirk, who was the institute's president at the time, arranged that the institute could move into the Hunter Building. Three libraries—of the New Zealand Institute, the Dominion Museum, and the Wellington Philosophical Society—had been held at the Dominion Museum and it took the officers of the institute plus three men from the Public Works Department one week to relocate all the books in November 1922. There were great difficulties separating the libraries and when <mask> relocated to the Hunter Building on 6 June 1923, much of the work was still to be done. <mask> completed the remaining work practically by herself and showed "competent energy and determination".She received special recognition in the 1924 Transactions. By 1947, <mask>'s salary had increased to

masks: Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood


title: Mimie Wood

texts:
 NZ£425. From 1950, she was assisted by a part-time librarian. In May 1962, <mask> asked to go into retirement. The society's council arranged for six months' paid leave and a NZ£500 bonus, perhaps in recognition that she did not have a superannuation scheme but also as an acknowledgement that she had been employed "for a pittance". Charles Fleming, who was president when she retired and who later wrote her obituary, said that there was no prospect of employing somebody on similar terms. At a leaving function on 28 November, she was presented with a silver tray.Few of the attendees knew that <mask>'s partner of 42 years had died just three weeks earlier; her partner's illness was the reason for <mask> asking to retire. <mask> carried a large administrative burden at the Royal Society, with the meetings of the council a particularly busy period. Exhausted after one of those meetings, she once exclaimed to the assistant librarian: "When I leave this job, you mark my words, five people will replace me." She was correct: by 1965—three years after <mask>'s retirement—the Royal Society was employing a general secretary, an executive officer, an office assistant, a librarian, and a library assistant. Private life
When <mask> came to Wellington, she first lived in Lyall Bay and in 1920, she moved to Eastbourne, New Zealand, where she remained for the rest of her life. There was a community of female couples in Eastbourne that was an early example of lesbian community in New Zealand. <mask> lived with Margaret Magill, a teacher, from 1920 until Magill's death.Magill's younger sister Ada and her partner, Molly Gore, were part of the group. Magill and <mask> set up the Eastbourne Horticultural Society (originally called the East Harbour Society), with <mask> calling an inaugural meeting on 1 March 1938 via a flyer that she distributed to residents. They attracted Elizabeth Gilmer, who was chair of the Wellington Horticultural Society, as patron for their society, Magill was the inaugural vice-president,

masks: Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood


title: Mimie Wood

texts:
 and <mask> the inaugural honorary secretary-treasurer. The society's first show was held in September 1938. The September 1941 show was attended by Cyril Newall, who earlier that year had been appointed governor-general of New Zealand. <mask> remained the society's secretary-treasurer until 1970, when she was elected honorary member. She also held memberships with the Hutt Valley and East Harbour Rose Society (where she was on the council), and the Floral Art Society.In 1939, <mask> became joint secretary when an Eastbourne group was formed to arrange the local contribution towards the Wellington Provincial Centennial Memorial. <mask> was also secretary of the Eastbourne Lyric Group, a group that she had founded in 1937. In 1948, <mask> was one of the founders of the East Harbour Women's Club. From 1947 to 1975, she was the honorary secretary for the Eastbourne branch of the Red Cross. In her final year, she developed blood clots in her legs. She remained bed-ridden at Bowen Hospital in Crofton Downs even after an operation. She died on 25 August 1979.Awards and recognition
In 1933, <mask> was a founding member of the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Secretaries. She was admitted a fellow of the organisation (FCSNZ) and after the 1953 merger with the Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators, the honorifics changed to FCIS (fellow of the Chartered Institute of Secretaries). In 1963, she was elected fellow of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture (FRNZIH). In the 1963 New Year Honours, she was appointed member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) for her services as secretary of the Royal Society of New Zealand. In 2017, <mask> was selected as one of the Royal Society Te Apārangi's 150 women in 150 words. References

1888 births
1979 deaths
People from Dunedin
People from Lower Hutt
Secretaries
New Zealand accountants
New Zealand librarians
New Zealand Members of the Order of the British Empire
New Zealand gardeners
Royal Society of New Zealand
LGBT people from New

masks: Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood Wood