title: Arun Shridhar Vaidya

texts:
 to Army Headquarters as Director Military Operations (DMO). After a stint as DMO, he took over as the Master General of Ordnance at Army HQ. <mask> was promoted to lieutenant-general on 25 January 1980, with seniority from 16 August 1978.On 1 July 1980, he was appointed GOC IV Corps. He was also elected as Honorary ADC to the President of India. After a short tenure, he was promoted Army Commander and appointed General Officer Commanding-in-Chief Eastern Command on 3 May 1981. Chief of Army Staff
On 31 July 1983, <mask> became the 13th Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army, taking over from General K.V. Krishna Rao. The appointment was subject to controversy as the senior-most general, Lt Gen S K Sinha was super-ceded. Sinha was the Vice Chief of the Army Staff and was being groomed to take over as the next Chief.With the appointment of <mask> as the 13th COAS, Sinha resigned in protest. Operation Blue Star

In 1984, <mask> designed and supervised Operation Blue Star - a military operation ordered by Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of India, against militants commanded by Shabeg Singh, a former Officer of the Indian Army, under Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale, Chief of Damdami Taksal, in June 1984 at the Harmandir Sahib complex. Bhindranwale was killed and all militants were cleared out of the temple complex. He retired on 31 January 1986, one of India's most decorated officers. He had completed over 40 years of service. Assassination
As the principal organiser of Operation Blue Star, <mask> was well aware of being a high-profile target for assassins, but never regretted his role, stating in a 1985 interview: "I do not

masks: Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya


title: Arun Shridhar Vaidya

type: original

texts: see any difference in taking up arms against a foreign enemy or an enemy from within...one who takes up arms against his own brother-citizens, against his own Constitution and legally-constituted government is enemy enough, deserving the most ruthless punishment." Despite numerous death threats being sent to his offices in the months before his retirement, he remained equally calm about the very real danger to his life: "After seeing two wars I can't run away from danger.If a bullet is destined to get me, it will come with my name written on it." Following <mask>'s retirement, he took up residence in Pune, India, where he built a three-bedroom bungalow for his retirement. Just six months later, on 10 August 1986, he was shot to death in his white Maruti 800, bearing Registration No. DIB 1437, while driving home from the market on Rajendrasinhji Marg, at around 11:45 a.m. According to police, four reportedly clean-shaven men pulled up alongside the car on motorcycles, with the lead assassin firing three shots into <mask> through the driver's-side window; the first two bullets penetrated his brain and killed him instantly. His car steered towards a cyclist named Digamber Gaikwad, and the cycle was crushed, though the cyclist escaped unharmed, the general's car stopping in front of a compound wall. A third bullet struck <mask> in the shoulder, with another striking his wife Bhanumati in the neck.His bodyguard, who was also in the car, was wounded by four bullets in his back and thighs. The bleeding general was carried to the Command Hospital in a passing green matador van, and was declared brought dead. The witnesses who

masks: Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya


title: Arun Shridhar Vaidya

texts:
 deposed in court said that the assailants were clean shaven, but later in turban and beard in court. According to Indian intelligence sources, <mask> had been the number four assassination target on lists of Punjabi insurgents and he was one of several people killed in retaliation for Operation Blue Star. <mask> was cremated in Pune with full military honours; in attendance were his wife, daughters Neeta Kochar, Parijat Belliappa and Tarini <mask>, Union ministers V.P. Singh, V.N. Gadgil and <mask> Singh, the three service chiefs, Governor of Maharashtra Shankar Dayal Sharma and Chief Minister of Maharashtra S.B.Chavan, along with over 50,000 other mourners. Following the assassination, the Khalistan Commando Force issued a statement declaring that <mask> had been killed in retaliation for the Golden Temple operation. The assassination shocked India, and security measures for senior military commanders, particularly for those who had taken part in Blue Star, were immediately stepped up. Local anti-Sikh rioting broke out in Pune and Mumbai after <mask>'s assassination; a number of people were stabbed and several Sikh-owned businesses were attacked. In 1989, Khalistani militant Sukhdev Singh Sukha and Khalistani militant Harjinder Singh Jinda were sentenced to death for the killing. Despite admitting to the killing, they pleaded not-guilty, justifying their actions by stating that <mask> was "guilty of a serious crime, the punishment for which could only be death". The two were executed on 9 October 1992.Honours and awards

Dates of rank

Notes

References

1926 births
1986 deaths
Murder in 1986
Military personnel from

masks: Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya Arun Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya


title: Danielle Cohen-Levinas

texts:
<mask> (born 21 April 1959 in Paris) is a French philosopher, musicologist, and a specialist of Jewish philosophy. Biography
A pianist by training and former graduate of the Conservatoire de Paris, <mask> followed a double course in philosophy and musicology at the Université Paris Sorbonne-Paris IV and the Université Paris-1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. She entered Radio France in 1982 (France Musique and France Culture) where she worked as a radio producer until 2005. <mask> defended a thesis (1992) and an authorization to conduct research in philosophy (1994) at the Université Paris-1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. She was called upon to the IRCAM directed by Pierre Boulez and appointed editor in chief of the magazine Inharmoniques then Cahiers de l'IRCAM between 1989 and 1993. She was a resident at the Villa Medicis in Rome in 1992 and returned to the CNRS in 1993 at the "Laboratoire des Arts du spectacle" then the "Laboratoire d'esthétique" of the Université Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne where she taught as associate professor and remained there until 1998. She was program director at the Collège international de philosophie between 1996 and 2002.Named professor of music aesthetics and philosophy of music at the Paris Sorbonne-Paris University in 1998, <mask>-Levinas founded in 1998 the "Centre d'esthétique, musique et philosophie contemporaine". In 2008, she founded and directed the "Collège des études juives et de philosophie contemporaine" which she renamed Centre Emmanuel Levinas (EA 3552) in 2012. She has been a research associate at the Husserl Archives of Paris at the École Normale Supérieure of

masks:
Danielle Cohen Levinas
Danielle Cohen Levinas
Danielle Cohen Levinas
Danielle Cohen


title: Danielle Cohen-Levinas

texts:
 (ENS-CNRS) since 2008 where she works more specifically on the work of Emmanuel Levinas and on his influence in international research. It is within the framework of the "Collège des études juives et de philosophie contemporaine" that she took the initiative in December 2016, in collaboration with Perrine Simon-Nahum, to ensure the revival of the "Colloque des Intellectuels juifs de langue française" (NCIJLF). Alongside her research in aesthetics and philosophy of music, in contemporary philosophy and post-phenomenology in France, <mask>-Levinas deploys a work in Jewish philosophy, around the Judeo-German moment (H. Cohen, F. Rosenzweig, G. Scholem, L. Strauss ... ) and the Frankfurt School (Adorno, Benjamin, Bloch ... ), as well as around the revival of biblical and Talmudic studies in Europe from a philosophical point of view. Since 2007 she has been editorial advisor by the Éditions Hermann and director of the philosophy series Le Bel Aujourd'hui which she founded the same year. In 2010, she created by Éditions Hermann a series intended to host collective works: the Rue de la Sorbonne series and, in 2011, a series devoted to Jewish thought and studies, "Panim el Panim".She is the president of Les Cahiers Maurice Blanchot, which she co-founded with Monique Antelme and Mike Holland in 2010. <mask>-Levinas is married to composer and pianist Michaël Levinas. Main publications

Philosophy, music
 La voix au-delà du chant, une fenêtre aux ombres, édition augmentée, Paris, Librairie philosophique J. Vrin, 2006 (1st edition Michel de Maule, 1987)
 Le présent de l’opéra au XXe : chemins

masks:
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen


title: Danielle Cohen-Levinas

texts:
 vers les nouvelles utopies, Paris, Kimé, 2001 (1st edition Art éd., 1994)
 Passage d’un seuil : thème et variations sur l’œuvre de Jean-Marc Bustamante, Éditions Musée de Eindhoven, 1994. Des notations musicales : frontières et singularités, Paris, L'Harmattan, 1996. La création après la musique contemporaine, L'Harmattan 1998. Causeries sur la musique, L'Harmattan, 1998. Le Style et l’Idée d’Arnold Schoenberg, new edition established and prefaced by <mask>-Levinas, first French edition, 1977, Paris, Buchet/Chastel; last édition, Paris, Buchet/Chastel, 2002, preceded by a study Prolégomènes au style et à l’idée musicale.Emmanuel Levinas : pour une philosophie de l’hétéronomie (dir. ), Paris, Bayard, 2006
 Levinas et les théologies (codir. Shmuel Trigano), Paris, In Press, 2007
 Les territoires de la pensée (codir. Bruno Clément), Paris, PUF, 2007
 Temps historique, temps messianique, revue Lignes, October 2008. L’impatience des langues, cowritten with Gérard Bensussan, Éditions Hermann, 2010. Emmanuel Levinas et le souci de l'art (dir. ), Manucius, Paris, 2010.Le siècle de Schoenberg (dir. ), Hermann, 2010. Lire Totalité et Infini, Études et interprétations, Hermann, 2011. Europe, issue on Emmanuel Levinas, Paris, 2011. Levinas / Derrida : lire ensemble, coedited with Marc Crépon, Hermann, 2015. Figures du dehors, autour de Jean-Luc Nancy, (codir. Gisèle Berkman), ed.Cécile Defaut,
 L'énigme de l'humain, Politique et meta-politique chez Emmanuel Levinas (interviews with Miguel Abensour), Hermann, 2012. Europe, issue on Walter Benjamin, Paris, 2013. L'Opéra et son double, Paris, Vrin,


title: Danielle Cohen-Levinas

texts:
 2013. La philosophie de Schelling. Le temps du système, le système des temps (dir. Revue Germanique Internationale), Paris, Éd. du CNRS, 2013.Vers une analytique de l'esprit chez Emmanuel Levinas, followed by Emmanuel Levinas's text, La compréhension de la spiritualité dans les cultures française et allemande, Paris, Payot/Rivage, 2014.
 , précédé du texte d'Emmanuel Levinas, Paul Celan, dall'essere all' altro (French version, Paul Celan, de l'être à l'autre, Fata Morgana, 2002), translated into Italian by Giuseppe Pintus, Rome, Schibboleth, 2014. Partilha da literatura (Partage de la littérature), translated into Portuguese by Fabricia Walace Rodrigues, Gabriela Lafetá Borges, Juliana Cecci Silva, Lucas Sales Lyra, Luísa Freitas, Nivalda Assunção de Araújo et Piero Eyben, edited by Piero Eyben and Alberto Pucheu, Brasilia, Horizonte, 2014. Appels by Jacques Derrida, preceded by a text by Jacques Derrida, "Justices" (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Ginette Michaud), Paris, Hermann, 2014. Levinas-Derrida. Lire ensemble (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Marc Crépon), Paris, Hermann, 2014.Inventions à deux voix. Interviews with Jean-Luc Nancy, Paris, Le Felin, 2015. Relire Totalité et Infini d'Emmanuel Levinas, (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Alexander Schnell), Paris, Vrin, 2015, series "Problèmes et Controverses". Mystique et philosophie dans les trois monothéismes (ed. <mask>-Levinas, Géraldine Roux and Meryem Sebti), Paris, Hermann, 2015. Une percée de l'humain, followed by a text by Emmanuel Levinas, Être juif, and an unpublished letter to Maurice Blanchot, Paris, Payot/Rivages poche, 2015.Le devenir-juif du

masks:
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen


title: Danielle Cohen-Levinas

texts:
 poème. Double envoi : Celan et Derrida, Montréal, Presses Universitaires de Montréal, 2015. Revue Europe, issue on Paul Celan (ed. <mask>-Levinas), Paris, 2016. L'antijudaïsme à l'épreuve de la philosophie et de la théologie (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Antoine Guggenheim), series "Le genre humain", Paris, Éditions du Seuil, 2016. Leo Strauss, judaïsme et philosophie (ed.<mask>-Levinas, Marc de Launay and Gérald Sfez), Paris, ed. Beauchesne, 2016. Relire Autrement qu'être ou au-delà de l'essence by Emmanuel Levinas (ed. <mask>-Levinas and Alexander Schnell), Paris, Librairie Vrin, 2016. La Phénoménologie de l'Esprit de Hegel aujourd'hui (ed. ), Revue Germanique Internationale, Paris, ed. CNRS, 2016.Perspectives néokantiennes (ed. <mask>-Levinas, Juan Manuel Garrido and Marc de Launay), Paris, ed. Hermann, 2017. Poetry and literary prose
 2004: Un bruit dans le bruit, Paris, Mercure de France
 2004; Le soleil est grammatical, Mercure de France
 2004: La tristesse du Roi, Mercure de France
 2010: Le pain des épices, cowritten with Ginette Michaud, Montréal
 2012: Qui est comme Dieu, Paris, Belin, 2012 (poems). References

External links
 <mask>-Levinas - Partir du Dasein ou du Juif on YouTube
 <mask>-Levinas on France Culture
 <mask>-Levinas on Babelio
 <mask>-Levinas on Printemps des poètes

20th-century French musicologists
21st-century French musicologists
Women musicologists
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century French philosophers
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
Jewish philosophers
20th-century French Jews
Paris-Sorbonne University alumni
1959 births
Writers from Paris
Living

masks:
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen
Danielle Cohen


title: Renée Gill Pratt

texts:
<mask> (born 1954) is an American politician from New Orleans, Louisiana. She was also Director of the Center for Student Retention and Success in Southern University at New Orleans. On July 25, 2011, she was found guilty of racketeering. For this crime, she served a 4-year sentence. Political career
A Democrat, <mask> began her tenure in the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 91 in 1991, when she was elected to succeed Diana Bajoie, who was the victor in a special election for the District 5 seat in the Louisiana State Senate. <mask> served in the House until 2002, when she was succeeded by Rosalind Peychaud. <mask> served on the New Orleans city council for District B from 2002 to 2006.District B includes the Central Business District, the Garden District, Central City, the Irish Channel, the Lower Garden District and the Touro neighborhood. District 91 covers the precincts located on the southwest side of District B, roughly corresponding to the Irish Channel and the Touro neighborhood. <mask> lost her bid for re-election in 2006, against Stacy Head, another Democrat and a New Orleans attorney. Controversies
In May 2009 <mask>—along with Mose Jefferson, Betty Jefferson, and Angela Coleman (Betty Jefferson's daughter)—was indicted on federal racketeering charges. Mose Jefferson was also facing a separate trial for bribing Orleans Parish School Board president Ellenese Brooks-Simms. The racketeering indictment contained a relationship to the bribery case in that part of the alleged racketeering involved

masks:
Renée Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt


title: Renée Gill Pratt

texts: <mask>'s supposed obtaining of $300,000 for a couple of private schools so that they could buy the software which Mose Jefferson, with Ellenese Brooks-Simms' help, also sold to the public schools; according to the indictment, Mose Jefferson's commission on the sales to the private schools was $30,000, of which <mask> pocketed $3500. Within a week of the indictment of <mask>, John Pope reported in the Times-Picayune that <mask> was being appointed to a SUNO position which carries no additional pay.In the same article Pope described Mose Jefferson as "<mask>'s longtime companion"—a situation noted as being "as close as it gets" by columnist Stephanie Grace. <mask>'s appointment to SUNO's Executive Cabinet was immediately criticized by, among others, Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal. Amid astonishment over the appropriateness and timing of the appointment—in that all Louisiana public universities were facing steep budget cuts and suggestions were circulating that SUNO should be merged with the neighboring University of New Orleans—<mask>, with the urging of SUNO chancellor Victor Ukpolo, went on a leave of absence without pay. <mask> had not been seen in public since 22 May 2009 when on June 5 she—along with Mose Jefferson, Betty Jefferson, and Angela Coleman—pleaded "not guilty" before U.S. magistrate Joseph Wilkinson Jr. at the Hale Boggs Federal Building in New Orleans. <mask>'s lawyer was Michael Fawer, who also represents Mose Jefferson in a separate bribery case. At a hearing before U. S. District Judge Ivan L. R.

masks:
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt


title: Renée Gill Pratt

texts:
 Lemelle on 17 June 2009, lawyers for Betty Jefferson and Angela Coleman requested a delay from the 3 August 2009 start date for the racketeering trial; at the same hearing, however, lawyers for <mask> and Mose Jefferson requested that the racketeering trial begin as scheduled on August 3. On 28 July 2009, Lemelle delayed the start of the racketeering trial to 25 January 2010.On August 4, Fawer unsuccessfully sought (denied by U.S. District Judge Mary Ann Vial Lemmon) to delay Mose Jefferson's bribery trial until after the racketeering trial, because, as summarized by Michael Kunzelman of the Times-Picayune:
<mask> . . . isn't available to testify during the bribery case this month because she is awaiting her own trial next year in a [the] separate but related racketeering conspiracy case. On 21 August 2009 Mose Jefferson was convicted on four felony counts in his bribery trial. On February 24, 2011 one juror's siding with <mask> resulted in a mistrial. The Times-Picayune editorialized over the hung jury, citing what the newspaper called "the criminal enterprise run by some members of the Jefferson family." But, during the retrial, on July 2011, she was found guilty. On September 2, 2014, more than three years after her conviction, <mask> reported to a minimum-security federal prison camp in Florida to begin serving a four-year sentence.Education
A lifelong resident of District B, <mask> attended Holy Ghost Elementary School, Xavier University Preparatory School, Dillard University, and the University of New

masks:
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt
Gill Pratt


title: Nakhane

texts:
<mask> (born Nakhane Lubabalo Mavuso, 3 February 1988) is a South African singer, songwriter, actor, and novelist. They are formerly known under the stage name Nakhane Touré. Having grown up among a Christian community in Port Elizabeth, at 15 they moved to Johannesburg, leaving the church in 2013 and publicly celebrating their queerness with their debut album Brave Confusion. They found both controversy and critical acclaim with their starring role in John Trengove's 2017 feature film Inxeba (The Wound), and relocated to London to record and release 2018's heavily autobiographical album You Will Not Die. Their work has been championed by Elton John, who interviewed Nakhane on his Beats 1 radio show, and Madonna, who cited them as one of her two favourite artists and said their music influenced her 2019 album Madame X.

Nakhane is non-binary with they/them pronouns. Early life
Nakhane was born <mask> in Alice, a small rural town in South Africa's Eastern Cape, raised by their grandmother until they were five years old. At seven they were adopted by their aunt, whom they has said is “to all intents and purposes” their mother, and their husband, growing up with them in Port Elizabeth, attending a racially-integrated school, where they learnt to speak English.A few years later they changed their surname to theirs, Mahlakahlaka, and, affirming a more distinctive identity, dropped their commonplace middle name. At 15 they moved to Johannesburg. Having known they were gay for a few years, at 17 they came out to their friends and cousins. At 18 they began reading the work of James Baldwin, strongly identifying with the black queer characters; Baldwin became a substantial influence. Nakhane studied two degrees at college –

masks:
Nakhane Mahlakahlaka
Nakhane Lubabalo Mavuso


title: Nakhane

texts:
 calling themself <mask> Touré in tribute to Malian musician Ali Farka Touré and as an ode to pan-Africanism. Their debut album, the acoustic guitar-driven Brave Confusion, released on 29 July 2013, was influenced by Ali Farka Touré and West African music. Lyrically it explored race, religion and sexuality. In 2014, Nakhane won the Best Alternative Album award at the South African Music Awards. Although they had left the church, that night their pastor telephoned to tell them they were excommunicated. Electronic music and You Will Not Die (2015-present)

Disillusioned with the folk scene's perceived authenticity, Nakhane began to gravitate towards a more electronic sound.In 2015, they had a club hit, "We Dance Again", with house DJ Black Coffee, then began writing their second album. Nearing their 30s and looking for closure, they wanted to end their 20s “on a positive note instead of an angry and bitter note”, the new songs inspired by their childhood, their family, and their leaving the church. With a new sense of freedom and self-ownership, they dropped their stage surname Touré, viewing You Will Not Die as a rebirth. The album title was taken from Proverbs 23:13, referring to child discipline: ‘If you punish them with the rod, they will not die.' Eschewing acoustic guitar, they wrote it on piano, recording 98% of it with producer Ben Christophers at the latter's London studio; Nakhane settled in the city in February 2018. They wanted to work with electronic drums and synthesisers, and told Christophers they wanted the album to sound like the second side of David Bowie's Low, “but with the spirit of Nina Simone.” It was released on 16 March 2018. Clash Music called it ‘an incredibly beautiful document of


title: Mats Hummels

texts:
<mask> (born 16 December 1988) is a German professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Bundesliga club Borussia Dortmund and the Germany national team. He came through the Bayern Munich youth academy before joining Borussia Dortmund on loan in January 2008 and officially signing for Dortmund in February 2009 for €4 million. His honours at the club include two league titles and finishing as runner up in the 2012–13 UEFA Champions League. In May 2016, Hummels signed a contract with former side Bayern, which took effect on 1 July 2016. <mask> has been a full international since 2010, earning over 70 caps to date and representing Germany at the 2014 and 2018 FIFA World Cups, and at UEFA Euro 2012, 2016 and 2020. Club career

Bayern Munich: Youth, and 2006–2008
Hummels is a product of Bayern Munich's youth academy, first entering the club as a six-year-old. He signed his first professional contract on 19 December 2006, until 2010.On 19 May 2007, in the season's final match, he played his first Bundesliga match with the first team in a 5–2 home routing of 1. FSV Mainz 05. He also played for the reserve team. He played in one match during the 2005–06 season, 31 matches during the 2006–07 season, and 10 matches during the 2007–08 season. Borussia Dortmund: 2008–2016

In January 2008, <mask> joined Borussia Dortmund, initially on loan. He finished the 2007–08 season with 16 matches played. During his first full season, he quickly established himself as first-choice, as he often partnered newly signed Neven Subotić, but also missed a great part of its final months due to injury.In February 2009, he was fully signed to the club for a fee of €4 million. He finished the 2008–09 season with a goal in 14 matches played. During the following season, <mask> scored five goals in 33 matches played. The 2010–11 season brought increased success

masks:
Mats Julian Hummels
Hummels
Hummels
Hummels


title: Mats Hummels

texts:
 for <mask>. He was the regular first-choice centre-back, again paired with Subotić. The duo helped Dortmund to the best defensive record in the Bundesliga, as the team won the league title. <mask>' performances that season displayed great quality in tackling, positioning, passing and composure.He attracted praise from pundits and coaches alike, and he was considered one of the best defenders in the Bundesliga, and in Europe. <mask> finished the 2010–11 season with six goals in 42 matches played. <mask> won the Bundesliga for a second time in 2011–12 as Dortmund set a Bundesliga record with the most points in a Bundesliga season with 81 points. <mask> scored a goal in Dortmund's 5–2 win against Bayern in the 2012 DFB-Pokal Final as the team completed the league and cup double. On 3 June 2012, <mask> signed a new contract that will keep him at Dortmund until the summer of 2017. On 25 May 2013, <mask> was in the Borussia Dortmund line-up that was defeated 2–1 by Bayern Munich at Wembley Stadium, London, in the 2013 UEFA Champions League Final. On 27 July 2013, <mask> was in the Borussia Dortmund line-up that won 4–2 against Bayern Munich at BVB's Signal Iduna Park, Dortmund, in the 2013 DFL-Supercup.<mask> finished his Borussia Dortmund career with two goals in 32 matches played in the 2014–15 season and three goals in 50 matches played during the 2015–16 season. Return to Bayern Munich

2016–17 season
On 10 May 2016, it was confirmed that <mask> would re-join Bayern Munich from 1 July 2016, signing a five-year contract. He made his 2016 debut for Bayern on 14 August 2016 in the German Super Cup final, against his old team and winning 2–0. On 20 August, <mask> scored his first goal for the club in a 5–0 victory over Carl Zeiss Jena during the DFB-Pokal match. On 26 November, <mask> scored his first league goal for the club in a 2–1 win

masks: Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels


title: Mats Hummels

texts:
 over Bayer Leverkusen. On 24 September, <mask> suffered knee injury in his right knee just before half time and was subbed off in a 1–0 victory over Hamburger SV. He made his comeback as a substitute in the second half in a 1–0 defeat to Atlético Madrid on 29 September.On 11 March 2017, <mask> made a world class goal-saving tackle on Eintracht Frankfurt's Branimir Hrgota by making an amazing run towards him and denied him to score from a clear chance. On 9 April, <mask> missed the Champions League quarter-final first leg against Real Madrid after sustaining an ankle injury in training. On 19 April, he did not fully recover from the injury and had to play the second leg against Real Madrid as defender Javi Martínez was shown red card in the first leg and there was no more backup player in centre-back position, but the match ended 4–2 defeat for his side as they got knocked out from the competition. On 26 April, <mask> scored a goal against his former club Borussia Dortmund in a 2–3 loss in the DFB-Pokal semi-final. He finished the 2016–17 season with three goals and two assists in his forty-one matches. <mask> finished the 2016–17 season with three goals in 42 matches played. 2017–18 season

On 5 August 2017, Hummels started the season in fashion by defeating Borussia Dortmund to win the DFL-Supercup in the penalty-shootout as the match ended 2–2 after extra time.He scored his first goal of the season in a 5–0 victory over Chemnitzer FC in the DFB-Pokal on 12 August. On 1 October, <mask> scored a goal in a 2–2 draw over Hertha BSC. On 18 October, he scored his first Champions League goal for the club in a 3–0 victory over Celtic. <mask> sustained an adductor injury at Bayern's training camp in Doha during the winter break which forced him to miss the league match against Bayer Leverkusen. On 2 February, <mask> played his first match

masks: Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels


title: Mats Hummels

texts:
 of the year after recovering from the injury in a 2–0 victory over Mainz 05. On 31 March, he made his 50th league appearance for Bayern Munich in a 6–0 victory over Borussia Dortmund. On 28 April, <mask> captained his side for the first time in a 4–1 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt.He finished the season with scoring three goals and provided one assist in his forty appearances. <mask> finished the 2017–18 season with three goals in 41 matches played. 2018–19 season

<mask> started the 2018–19 season by starting in the German Super Cup, which Bayern won 5–0. Hummels had a difficult spell midway through the season as he lost his starting place for several matches. <mask> was criticized for his comments after the 3–2 loss against Dortmund on 10 November 2018. Hummels blamed his poor performance on him being sick. Hummels said he had blurred vision before the match but he still decided to play the match.<mask> had to be substituted in the second half because of his poor performance. On 18 May 2019, <mask> won his fifth Bundesliga title as Bayern finished two points above Dortmund with 78 points. A week later, <mask> won his second DFB-Pokal as Bayern defeated RB Leipzig 3–0 in the 2019 DFB-Pokal Final. <mask> finished the 2018–19 season with two goals in 33 matches played. Return to Dortmund

2019–20 season
On 19 June 2019, Bayern Munich came to an agreement with Borussia Dortmund that would see the 30-year-old rejoin his former club, for a fee of €37 million (£33 million). He finished his time in Bavaria with 8 goals in 116 appearances. Within those three seasons, he won all three Bundesliga campaigns as well as the DFB-Pokal and three DFL-Supercups.International career

<mask> was called by the German under-21 national team for the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Championship; after getting only minimal playing time during the initial

masks: Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels


title: Mats Hummels

texts: four matches, he started (and performed well) in the final, a 4–0 success against England. He made his senior team debut in a friendly against Malta on 13 May 2010 in Aachen. He came on as a 46th-minute substitute for Serdar Tasci, taking part in a 3–0 win at New Tivoli. <mask> was in the starting line-up for Germany's opening UEFA Euro 2012 match against Portugal and helped them to a 1–0 victory. He subsequently received high praise for his performance. Hummels went on to play all 450 minutes in Germany's Euro campaign, along with teammates Philipp Lahm, Sami Khedira, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Holger Badstuber, and Manuel Neuer. <mask> scored the second goal in Germany's 4–0 win over Portugal in their first game of the 2014 FIFA World Cup on 16 June, heading a corner from Toni Kroos.After missing the team's round of 16 match due to illness, <mask> returned to the team for the quarter-final against France, where he scored the winning goal in a 1–0 victory at the Estádio do Maracanã. On 11 July 2014, <mask> was named on the 10-man shortlist for FIFA's Golden Ball award for the tournament's best player. On 10 November 2017, <mask> captained Germany for the first time in a 0–0 draw with England at Wembley Stadium. On 4 June 2018, <mask> was named in Germany's final 23-man squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup. On 23 June, he missed the second group stage match of the tournament due to a minor injury though his side won the match against Sweden with a 2–1 victory. He returned to the side for the final group fixture against South Korea on 27 June, but missed several chances from headers after moving up front during the second half in Germany's unsuccessful attempts to score; ultimately they were defeated 2–0 and eliminated from the tournament. On 5 March 2019, national team coach Joachim Löw confirmed that he would plan without Hummels for the

masks: Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels


title: Mats Hummels

texts:
 foreseeable future, along with his club teammates Jérôme Boateng and Thomas Müller.On 19 May 2021, <mask>, along with Müller, was included in Germany's final 26-man squad for UEFA Euro 2020, confirming Low's reversal of his decision to exclude the players from the national side. In his first match of Euro 2020, <mask> scored an own goal to grant France a 1–0 win, which was Germany's first own goal in the competition, and the first in a major tournament since Berti Vogts' own goal in the 1978 FIFA World Cup. Style of play
Regarded as one of the best defenders in the world, <mask> is a large, consistent, and physically strong player, known for his powerful tackling and strength in the air, as well as his ability to read the game and intercept loose balls. A technically gifted and tactically versatile centre-back, he is also capable of playing as a defensive midfielder; his composure, elegance, ball playing ability, and confidence in possession have led him to be compared to compatriot Franz Beckenbauer. Personal life
<mask> was born in Bergisch Gladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia. His father, Hermann Hummels, was a professional footballer and manager. His mother, , was a professional water polo player.His father worked as youth coordinator at Bayern Munich until he was replaced by Stephan Beckenbauer, the son of Franz Beckenbauer, on 30 March 2012. His younger brother Jonas is also a footballer, but had to retire due to injuries. His wife, , was named as Germany's WAG of the year for 2013. Fischer and Hummels married in June 2015. The couple have a son, born on 11 January 2018. In August 2017, he joined the Common Goal Project (an initiative of Juan Mata), being the second footballer to donate 1% of his salary to a collective fund that will support football organizations as a tool to generate sustainable social development throughout the

masks: Hummels Hummels Hummels Hummels


title: Toivo Asmer

texts:
<mask> (born 8 January 1947 in Oisu, Järva County, Estonia) is an Estonian entrepreneur, former racing driver, motorsports promoter, musician and politician. From 1999 until 2003, he was Minister of Regional Affairs of the Republic of Estonia. He was a member of IX Riigikogu. His son is racing driver <mask>. Education

<mask> graduated in 1965 as a technologist at Tallinn Technical School of Construction and Mechanical Engineering (now TTK University of Applied Sciences). He received his higher political education from the Marxism-Leninism University of the CC of the ECP, which he graduated from in 1980. He has received further training in economics and business in Luxembourg, Stockholm, and Brussels.Work

•	1971–1991 Deputy head of the Tallinn corporation of Estonian Agricultural Machinery in the field of road transport

•	1991–1999 Chairman of the Management Board of AS Asmer

•	1993–1996 Vice-Chairman of Saue City Council

•	1993–1996 President of the Estonian Karting Association

•	1995–2003 Member of the Board of the Reform Party

•	1996–1997 Chairman of the Management Board of AS Asmer Auto

•	1999–1999 Member of the Estonian Parlament ( Riigikogu )

•	1999–2003 Minister of Regional Affairs of the Republic of Estonia

•	1999-2003 Chairman of the Committee of Granting Support from Gambling Tax

•	1999–2001 Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Regional Development Foundation

•	2001–2003 Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Enterprise Estonia

•	2002–2003 Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Rural Development Foundation

•	2003–2005 Member of the Supervisory Board of AS Eesti Loto

•	2003–2021 Member of the Management Board of OÜ Eleven Est

•	2009–2020 Member of the Management Board of OÜ Italcar

•	2010-... Member of the Management Board of OÜ Rengton

•	2009–... Deputy Chairman of the Board of Advisors of TTK University of Applied Sciences

•	2011–2014 President of the Estonian Karting Association

•	2012–2020 Member of the Board of the Estonian

masks:
Toivo Asmer
Marko Asmer
Asmer


title: Toivo Asmer

texts:
 Autosport Union

•	2015–2019 Member of the Management Board of AS Timber

•	2018–2019 Member of the board of MTÜ Suur Võidusõit

•	2019–... Chairman of the Supervisory Board of AS Timber

•	2020–... Member of the Estonian Olympic Committee

•	2021-... President of the Estonian Autosport Union

Sports career

From 1963, <mask> <mask> was involved in motorsports. In 1964 he became the Estonian youth champion in motorcycle hippodrome racing and in 1965 in motocross. In 1970 he became the Estonian adult champion in winter cross and was named a champion racer. He has won many more silver and bronze medals on motocross and road racing at the Estonian Championship. In 1973, Asmer switched to autosport, racing in various formula classes.He started in Formula 4 class, then Formula Eastern, and ended his autosport career in Formula 3 class. From 1979 to 1990, he was a member of the Soviet Union formula  team, winning two silver medals at the Eastern European Championships. He is a six-time champion of the USSR, winning 6 gold medals, 5 silver medals, and 4 bronze medals from the USSR championship. <mask> is also a ten-time Estonian champion. In 1985, he became a Autosport Grand Master. <mask> ended his career as a racer  in 1992. Politics

<mask> <mask> has been a member of the Reform Party since 1994.From 1999 to 2003, he was Minister of Regional Affairs in the government of Mart Laar and in the government of Siim Kallas. AS Asmer Auto

AS Asmer Auto was established in 1995 as a sales representative of Italian cars in Estonia. The company marketed Fiat, Alfa Romeo, and Lancia vehicles, and a nationwide maintenance and repair network was established. A few years later, AS Fakto, which sells Nissans, acquired 100% of the shares of Fiat importer Asmer Auto through an exchange of shares, also starting to control the sale of Fiat vehicles in Estonia. Asmer Auto acquired a share in Public Limited Company Fakto. Music

<mask> <mask> played bass guitar in the Tallinn ensemble

masks: Toivo Asmer Asmer Asmer Toivo Asmer Toivo Asmer


title: Toivo Asmer

texts:
 Siirius in 1966–1968 and was also a vocal solist. From 1969 he played bass guitar and sang for a few years in the Keila ensemble Õnnelemb and later for a short time in the ensemble Baltika.<mask> later returned to music, in 2006, he sang his first CD, "Teine pool." For Mother's Day 2013, the second CD, "Päikest" was completed in the record factory in cooperation with Peeter Kaljuste. The songs "Soov" and "Päikest" on this album quickly became the most popular songs on many radio stations. For Christmas, the album "Koduküla jõulud" was released, with songs together with Merle Lilje, Peeter Kaljuste, and RAM's Lõbusate Poiste Bänd. However, the greatest recognition in music came in March 2014, when he was awarded the Male Artist of the Year award at the Estonian Pop Music Gold Record 2014 awards gala. In December 2015, <mask>'s third CD, "Sind ma leian ..." and in cooperation with Merle Lilje and Peeter Kaljuste, a CD with Christmas songs "3 purjelaeva" was released. For the Christmas of the Year 2018, the album of 3 CDs, "Las mööduvad aastad" was completed with <mask> in the series "Estonian Gold."This is a summary of previous music performances, and the album is composed of <mask>'s most popular songs, featuring Merle Lilje, Peeter Kaljuste, and Kuldar Kalluste. Personal

<mask> <mask> is married to Kristel <mask>. He is the father of five children, his son Marko <mask> is a well-known formula driver. Urmas Ott wrote in 2007 a book: "Asmerid. Topeltpeeglis" (The Asmers. In double mirror) about <mask> and Marko <mask>. <mask> <mask>'s hobbies are classical music, theater, and cinema.He speaks English, Russian, and Finnish. References

Living people
1947 births
Estonian Reform Party politicians
Members of the Riigikogu, 1999–2003
Estonian racing drivers
Estonian motorsport people
Estonian businesspeople
Government ministers of Estonia
Estonian rock guitarists
20th-century Estonian male singers
Estonian rock singers
21st-century Estonian male singers
People from Türi

masks: Asmer Toivo Toivo Asmer Toivo Asmer Asmer Asmer Toivo Asmer Toivo Asmer


title: Aoife O'Donovan

texts: <mask>'Donovan ( , ; born November 18, 1982) is an Irish-American singer and Grammy award-winning songwriter. She is best known as the lead singer for the string band Crooked Still and she also co-founded the Grammy Award-winning female folk trio I'm with Her. She has released three critically acclaimed studio albums: Fossils (2013), In the Magic Hour (2016), and Man in a Neon Coat: Live from Cambridge (2016), as well as multiple noteworthy EPs, including Blue Light (2010), Peachstone (2012), In the Magic Hour: Solo Sessions (2019), and Bull Frog's Croon (and Other Songs) (2020). She also spent a decade contributing to the radio variety shows Live from Here and A Prairie Home Companion. Her first professional engagement was singing lead for the folk group The Wayfaring Strangers. O'Donovan has performed with the Boston Pops Orchestra, the Kansas City Symphony, the National Symphony Orchestra, the Louisville Orchestra, and the Utah Symphony Orchestra. In 2012, she sang on most of the tracks on the album Be Still by the jazz group the Dave Douglas Quintet, featuring trumpeter Dave Douglas.During the summer of 2013, she toured with Garrison Keillor and his A Prairie Home Companion Radio Romance Tour. She also performed at the Roskilde Festival in Denmark 2014. In summer 2017, she joined Garrison Keillor's Prairie Home "Love and Comedy" Tour. She has performed, recorded and collaborated with a large variety of acclaimed musicians including Ollabelle, Karan Casey and Seamus Egan, Jerry Douglas, Jim Lauderdale, Darol Anger, Sarah Jarosz, Sara Watkins, Christina Courtin, Chris Thile (Nickel Creek, Punch Brothers), Noam Pikelny (Punch Brothers), Edgar Meyer, Stuart Duncan, Greensky Bluegrass, Kronos Quartet and Yo-Yo Ma. Her songwriting


title: F. W. Murnau

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; December 28, 1888March 11, 1931) was a German film director. He was greatly influenced by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Shakespeare and Ibsen plays he had seen at the age of 12, and became a friend of director Max Reinhardt. During World War I he served in the Imperial German Army, initially as an  infantry company commander on the Eastern Front. Murnau later transferred to the German Army's Flying Corps, as an observer/gunner, and survived several crashes without any severe injuries. One of Murnau's acclaimed works is the film Nosferatu (1922), an adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula. Although not a commercial success, owing to copyright issues with Stoker's estate, the film is considered a masterpiece of German Expressionist cinema. He later directed the film The Last Laugh (1924), as well as a 1926 interpretation of Goethe's Faust.He emigrated to Hollywood in 1926, where he joined the Fox Studio and made three films: Sunrise (1927), 4 Devils (1928) and City Girl (1930). Sunrise has been regarded by critics and film directors as among the best films ever made. Murnau travelled to Bora Bora to make the film Tabu (1931) with documentary film pioneer Robert J<mask>. <mask> left after artistic disputes with Murnau, who had to finish the film on his own. A week before the opening of Tabu, Murnau died in a Santa Barbara hospital from injuries he sustained in an automobile accident that occurred along the Pacific Coast Highway near Rincon Beach, southeast of Santa Barbara. Of the 21 films Murnau directed, eight are considered to be completely lost. One reel of his feature Marizza, genannt die Schmuggler-Madonna survives.This leaves only 12 films surviving in their entirety. Early years
<mask> Plumpe was born in Bielefeld. By the age of seven, he was living in Kassel. He had two brothers, Bernhard and Robert, and

masks:
Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau
Friedrich Wilhelm Plumpe
. Flaherty
Flaherty
Friedrich Wilhelm


title: F. W. Murnau

texts:
 two stepsisters, Ida and Anna. His mother, Otilie Volbracht, was the second wife of his father, Heinrich Plumpe (1847–1914), an owner of a cloth factory in the northwest part of Germany. Their villa was often turned into a stage for little plays, directed by the young <mask>, who had already read books by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Shakespeare and Ibsen plays by the age of 12. Plumpe would take the pseudonym of "Murnau" from the town of that name near Lake Staffel, south of Munich, where he lived for a time.The young Murnau was said to have an icy, imperious disposition and an obsession with film. Some reference sources list him as being almost  tall, others however list him with a more modest 193 cm (6 ft 4). Murnau studied philology at the University in Berlin and later art history and literature in Heidelberg, where director Max Reinhardt saw him at a students' performance and decided to invite him to his actor-school. He soon became a friend of <mask> (the Blue Rider artist based in Murnau), Else Lasker-Schüler and Hans Ehrenbaum-Degele. In World War I Murnau served as a company commander at the eastern front. He then joined the Imperial German Flying Corps and flew missions in northern France for two years; surviving eight crashes without severe injuries. After landing in Switzerland, he was arrested and interned for the remainder of the war.In his POW camp he was involved with a prisoner theater group and wrote a film script. Career

After World War I ended, Murnau returned to Germany, where he soon established his own film studio with actor Conrad Veidt. His first feature-length film, The Boy in Blue (1919), was a drama inspired by the Thomas Gainsborough painting. He explored the theme of dual personalities, much like Robert Louis Stevenson's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in Der Janus-Kopf (1920) starring Veidt and

masks:
Friedrich
Franz Marc


title: F. W. Murnau

texts: featuring Bela Lugosi. Murnau's best known film is Nosferatu, an adaptation of Bram Stoker's Dracula (1922), starring German stage actor Max Schreck as the vampire Count Orlok. The release would be the only one by Prana Film because the company declared itself bankrupt in order to avoid paying damages to Stoker's estate (acting for the author's widow, <mask>) after the estate won a copyright infringement lawsuit. Apart from awarding damages, the court ordered also all existing prints of the film to be destroyed.However, one copy had already been distributed globally. This print, which has been duplicated time and again by a cult following over the years, has made Nosferatu an early example of a cult film. Murnau also directed The Last Laugh (German: Der letzte Mann, (The Last Man), 1924), written by Carl Mayer (a very prominent figure of the Kammerspielfilm movement) and starring Emil Jannings. The film introduced the subjective point of view camera, where the camera "sees" from the eyes of a character and uses visual style to convey a character's psychological state. It also anticipated the cinéma vérité movement in its subject matter. The film also used the "unchained camera technique", a mix of tracking shots, pans, tilts, and dolly moves. Also, unlike the majority of Murnau's other works, The Last Laugh is considered a Kammerspielfilm with Expressionist elements.Unlike expressionist films, Kammerspielfilme are categorized by their chamber play influence, involving a lack of intricate set designs and story lines / themes regarding social injustice towards the working classes. Murnau's last German film was the big budget Faust (1926) with Gösta Ekman as the title character, Emil Jannings as Mephisto and Camilla Horn as Gretchen. Murnau's film draws on older traditions of the legendary tale of <mask> as well as on

masks:
Florence Stoker
Faust


title: F. W. Murnau

texts:
 Goethe's classic version. The film is well known for a sequence in which the giant, winged figure of Mephisto hovers over a town sowing the seeds of plague. Nosferatu (music by Hans Erdmann) and <mask> (music by <mask>. Heymann) were two of the first films to feature original film scores. Hollywood

Murnau emigrated to Hollywood in 1926, where he joined the Fox Studio and made Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), a movie often cited by scholars as one of the greatest of all time. Released in the Fox Movietone sound-on-film system (music and sound effects only), Sunrise was not a financial success, but received several Oscars at the very first Academy Awards ceremony in 1929.In winning the Academy Award for Unique and Artistic Production it shared what is now the Best Picture award with the movie Wings. The first Academy Award for Best Actress went to Janet Gaynor for this and two other films that year; afterward, each award was limited to work in a single film. In spite of this, Murnau was financially well off, and purchased a farm in Oregon. Murnau's next two films, the (now lost) 4 Devils (1928) and City Girl (1930), were modified to adapt to the new era of sound film and were not well received. Their poor receptions disillusioned Murnau, and he quit Fox to journey for a while in the South Pacific. Together with documentary film pioneer Robert J<mask>, Murnau traveled to Bora Bora to make the film Tabu in 1931. <mask>erty left after artistic disputes with Murnau, who had to finish the movie himself.The movie was censored in the United States for its images of bare-breasted Polynesian women. The film was originally shot  by cinematographer <mask> as half-talkie, half-silent, before being fully restored as a silent film — Murnau's preferred medium. Personal life
Murnau has been alleged to be gay. However, this has been

masks:
Faust
Werner R
. Flaherty
Flah
Floyd Crosby


title: F. W. Murnau

texts:
 disputed by some due to this information being first popularized in Hollywood Babylon, a book containing numerous claims that have since been debunked. Either way evidence showed that he remained a bachelor. Death

On March 10, 1931, a week prior to the opening of the film Tabu, Murnau drove up the Pacific Coast Highway from Los Angeles, California in a hired Packard touring car. Murnau's valet, Eliazar Garcia Stevenson (September 2, 1900 - October 4, 1985), swerved to avoid a truck that unexpectedly veered into the northbound lane.The car overturned after striking an embankment, throwing all occupants out of the vehicle. Murnau suffered a head injury and died the next day at the Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, before the premiere of his last film. A service was held for Murnau at the Hollywood Lutheran Church on March 19, 1931. His body was transported to Germany, where he was entombed in Southwest Cemetery in Stahnsdorf (Südwest-Kirchhof Stahnsdorf), near Berlin, on April 13. Among the attendees of his second funeral were Robert J<mask>, Emil Jannings, and <mask>, who delivered the eulogy. Greta Garbo had a death mask of Murnau commissioned, which she kept on her desk during her years in Hollywood. In July 2015, Murnau's grave was broken into, the remains disturbed and the skull removed by persons unknown.Wax residue was reportedly found at the site, leading some to speculate that candles had been lit, perhaps with an occult or ceremonial significance. As this disturbance was not an isolated incident, the cemetery managers are considering sealing the grave. Legacy
American author Jim Shepard based his 1998 novel Nosferatu on Murnau's life and films. The book began as a short story from Shepard's 1996 collection Batting Against Castro. In 2000, director E. Elias Merhige released Shadow of the Vampire, a fictionalization

masks:
. Ferty
Fritz Lang


title: F. W. Murnau

texts:
 of the making of Nosferatu. Murnau is portrayed by John Malkovich. In the film, Murnau is so dedicated to making the film genuine that he actually hires a real vampire (<mask>) to play Count Orlok.In the fifth season of American Horror Story, subtitled Hotel (2015), Murnau is a mentioned character who, sometime in the early 1920s, travels to the Carpathian Mountains while doing research for the film Nosferatu. There, he discovers a community of vampires, and becomes one himself. After returning to the United States, Murnau turns actor Rudolph Valentino and Natacha Rambova into vampires to preserve their beauty. Valentino later transforms his fictional lover, Elizabeth Johnson, into a vampire, and she goes on to become The Countess, the central antagonist of the season. In the film Vampires vs. the Bronx, released in 2020, homage is paid to Murnau by making reference to him in the film via a company named "Murnau Properties", whose logo was the woodcutting view of Vlad the Impaler. Murnau Properties was the shell company owned by vampires, whose plan was to take over the Bronx via property acquisitions and blood acquisitions. Filmography

See also

Bibliography

 Manuel Lamarca Rosales, "<mask> Wilhelm Murnau", Madrid, Ediciones Cátedra, 2022.References

External links

 F. W. Murnau Foundation

 F. W. Murnau at filmportal.de
 Extensive Murnau bibliography, compiled in 2011 at Medienwissenschaft: Berichte und Papiere (Media Studies: Reports and Papers)

1888 births
1931 deaths
Burials in Germany
Film people from North Rhine-Westphalia
German film directors
German artists
Gay artists
German emigrants to the United States
German military personnel of World War I
Horror film directors
LGBT film directors
Luftstreitkräfte personnel
Mass media people from Bielefeld
People from the Province of Westphalia
Road incident

masks:
Willem Dafoe
Friedrich


title: Taras Chubay

texts:
<mask> (), (born on 21 June 1970 in Lviv) is a Ukrainian musician and poet, singer and composer, leader of the Ukrainian rock band Plach Yeremiyi. Biography and personal life
<mask> was born on 21 June 1970 in the city of Lviv in the family Halyna and <mask>. He is the son of legendary 1970s underground cultural figure and poet Hryts’ko Chubai. As a child, <mask> liked the children's poems his father wrote, but he didn't understand much of his poetry. " In 1976, young <mask> went to the Opera and Ballet House for the first time. Together with his father, they attended Czeslaw Neman's concert. Although Taras was only six years old, he remembers the concert very well to this day, even what songs Czeslaw Neman performed.<mask> primarily grew up on Czeslaw's music, and thanks to him, <mask> later began singing poetry. <mask> studied at the “Lviv Krushelnytski Music School”, where he played in the orchestra. While all the boys played football, <mask> rigorously practised the violin. <mask> already knew all about what they were learning in school at that time, which is why he never showed up to classes in Grades 7 and 8." In 1982 his father died, but his poetry, library, and music library had remained which was all ground on which Taras grew. Thanks to his father, <mask> <mask> had a passion for music. He discovered his father's poetry many years after his death, around 5-7 years.<mask> realized that these must be sung so that more people can hear his father's voice in the poems. This is one of the reasons why Taras began making music in the first place. <mask>' father - a sample of high poetry, his authority does not allow Taras writing songs with random and meaningless text. His love for rock music began as a young schoolboy when he played keyboard for his band

masks:
Taras Hryhorovych Chubay
Taras Chubay
Hrihoriy Chubay
Taras
Taras
Taras
Taras
Taras
Taras
Chubay
Taras
Chubay
Chubay
Taras


title: Taras Chubay

texts: “Cyclone”, from 1984 to 1986. It was then that <mask> met Vsevolod Dyachyshyn – the band's bassist, with whom he plays to this day. They gathered at the club by the village's hospital emergency room and rehearsed. They even managed to perform their very own concert: they printed their tickets themselves and then their friends sell them for rubles.They sold around three or four hundred tickets which at that time represented a substantial sum of money." In the summer of 1987, <mask> picked up a guitar and in two days, he learned how to play it and in the following two weeks, he had about thirty or forty songs written (some of which he still uses today). <mask> played his first song “Koly do hub tvoyikh” for his mother and only after the consent of his mother, <mask> began to perform that song. After another two weeks <mask> appeared on stage, and then went on tour. Together with other figures of Lviv’s alternative culture scene (Viktor Morozov, Iurii Vynnychuk), <mask> formed the cabaret group Ne Zhurys’ (Don’t Worry), which performed for thousands in glasnost-era, and post-Soviet, Ukraine, as well as abroad. the group satirized Soviet existence and unearthed both new Ukrainian culture and proscribed past cultural achievements." In 1991, <mask> formed the rock band Plach Ieremii (Jeremiah’s Cry) which quickly became one of the most popular bands in newly independent Ukraine.Composing and performing songs to verse written by poets of a new literary generation emerging in post-Soviet Ukraine (such as Viktor Neborak, Yurii Andrukhovych, Kostiantyn Moskalets’ and Ivan Malkovych), <mask> played a central role in the advancement of post-Soviet Ukrainian literature in the 1990s. He graduated from the Lviv Conservatory (class of viola). Since 1988 to 1990, he

masks: Taras Chubay Taras Chubay Taras Taras Taras Taras


title: Taras Chubay

texts:
 participated in performances of the theatre-studio "Don't Worry”. In 1990, <mask> started a band with his bassist Vsevolod Dyachyshyn called "Plach Yeremiyi", which for several years has taken a leading position in the charts Ukrainian music. " In 1999, <mask> moved to Kyiv for Olha, the girl he fell in love with, after meeting her at a Plach Yeremiyi concert in Austria. They had a difficult time adapting to life in Kyiv with only two hundred dollars in their pocket, yet they managed to find friends to stay with for seven or eight months until they rented their own apartment. Shortly thereafter, <mask> and Olha got married. "In 2006, their first daughter Melanie, was born and on 5 November 2007 <mask> became a  father for the second time to another girl, Ivanka. On 28 June 2010 <mask> and Olha had a son. In March 2008 on "New Channel" project launched author Taras - music program "Live Sound". In 2008, the President of Ukraine awarded <mask> <mask> the title of "Honored Artist of Ukraine." <mask> <mask> - is not just an extraordinary figure in the modern music world, he was blessed with modesty and unnecessary uncertainty. He is one of the few who did not sell out and has preserved the kind of identity and authenticity the band Plach Yeremiyi" brings. His super hit "Vona" was a real lyrical and romantic archetype turbulent in the 1990s.Thanks to him, the same young people across the country sang a rebel song "Lenta Za Lentoyu." <mask> now lives with his family in Kyiv, near Hostomel. Sometimes <mask> and his wife organize house concerts: <mask> - viola, Olha - piano and the children, listening, dazzled. Interesting facts
Taras is a fan of music by: Miles Davis, David Bowie, folk music - in short, everything that`s real. Taras loves to perform music by his

masks: Taras Chubay Taras Taras Taras Taras Chubay Taras Chubay Taras Taras Taras


title: Taras Chubay

texts:
 favorite composer Johann Sebastian Bach, just for fun. Taras also enjoys photography, riding on the road and loves to fish. He always works on New Years, but the real celebration for him is Christmas.<mask> <mask> founded the Plach Yeremiji rock band in February, 1990. The songs of <mask> and his band are usually serious, philosophical poems accompanied by rock. The music sounds hard, then changes to an easy ballad, and again explodes, overfilled by emotions. The musician has created more than 100 songs and one overture for an orchestra. He is also known for his active social position, taking part in democratic and pro-European movement gatherings. The old UPA song Lenta za Lentoyu performed by <mask> had become a hit at events organized by the "orange forces" and was performed at the meetings of Narodna Samooborona Movement. In 2006, the rock band Plach Yeremiji and its frontman took part in the "Concert for Angels" devoted to the memory of Kiev students killed during the Battle of Kruty.Taras has recorded several albums including  "Dveri kotri naspravdi ye" (the Doors Which really are) and "Nai bude vse iak ye" (Let all be as Is), which introduced the hits Vona (She), Hryfon (the Griffin) and Litaiucha Holova (Flying Head) to fans of Ukrainian music. Taras has also recorded three albums featuring his interpretations of traditional and popular songs—the songs of Volodymyr Ivasiuk, Ukrainian Insurgent army songs, and Ukrainian Christmas carols. Taras has performed in Eastern and Western Europe, Canada, and the U.S., as well as at over one hundred concerts in Ukraine, including a 2003 solo performance at Kyiv’s prestigious Ukraina Palace. References

External links

1970 births
Living people
Ukrainian poets
Lviv Conservatory alumni
Musicians from

masks: Taras Chubay Chubay Chubay


title: William Gillette

texts: <mask> (July 24, 1853 – April 29, 1937) was an American actor-manager, playwright, and stage-manager in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He is best remembered for portraying Sherlock Holmes on stage and in a 1916 silent film thought to be lost until it was rediscovered in 2014. <mask>'s most significant contributions to the theater were in devising realistic stage settings and special sound and lighting effects, and as an actor in putting forth what he called the "Illusion of the First Time". His portrayal of Holmes helped create the modern image of the detective. His use of the deerstalker cap (which first appeared in some Strand illustrations by Sidney Paget) and the curved pipe became enduring symbols of the character. He assumed the role on stage more than 1,300 times over thirty years, starred in the silent motion picture based on his Holmes play, and voiced the character twice on radio. His first Civil War drama Held by the Enemy (1886) was a major step toward modern theater, in that it abandoned many of the crude devices of 19th century melodrama and introduced realism into the sets, costumes, props, and sound effects.It was produced at a time when the British had a very low opinion of American art in any form, and it was the first wholly American play with a wholly American theme to be a critical and commercial success on British stages. <mask> was born in Nook Farm, Hartford, Connecticut, a literary and intellectual center with residents such as Mark Twain, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Charles Dudley Warner. Gillette's father Francis had been a United States Senator and a crusader

masks:
William Hooker Gillette
Gillette
Youth Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts: for public education, temperance, the abolition of slavery, and women's suffrage. His mother Elisabeth Daggett Hooker was a descendant of the Reverend Thomas Hooker, the English-born Puritan leader who founded the town of Hartford and either wrote or inspired the first written constitution in history to form a government. Gillette had three brothers and a sister. Another sister named Mary died as a small child. His eldest brother Frank Ashbell <mask> went to California and died there in 1859 from consumption (tuberculosis).The third oldest brother Robert joined the Union Army and served in the Antietam campaign, was invalided home sick, recovered, and joined the Navy. <mask> was assigned to the U.S.S. Gettysburg and took part in both assaults on Fort Fisher. He was killed the morning after the surrender of the fort when the powder magazine exploded. His brother Edward moved to Iowa and his sister Elisabeth married George Henry Warner, both in 1863, after which <mask> was the only child in the household. At the age of 20, he left Hartford to begin his apprenticeship as an actor. He briefly worked for a stock company in New Orleans and then returned to New England where, on Mark Twain's own recommendation, he debuted at the Globe Theater of Boston with Twain's stage-play The Gilded Age in 1875.Afterward, he was a stock actor for six years through Boston, New York, and the Midwest. He irregularly attended classes at a few institutions, although he never completed their programs. His father Francis had held the strongest objections to the theater in general, but he offered the least resistance and

masks:
Gillette
Robert Gillette
William


title: William Gillette

texts:
 drove him to the train station, telling his son that he had driven two other sons to this same station and they had never returned; <mask> was to make sure that he was the exception. Francis supplied him with an allowance on which to subsist (his apprenticeship was without pay). His father's health began to fail in 1878, and <mask> forsook the stage for more than a year to care for him in his final illness. Upon his father's death, he and George Henry Warner were named executors of Francis' estate, and they, Elisabeth, and Edward shared in the inheritance. Marriage
In 1882, Gillette married Helen Nichols of Detroit.She died in 1888 from peritonitis caused by a ruptured appendix. The couple did not have any children and he never remarried. Playwright, director, actor

<mask> was hired as playwright, director, and actor for $50 per week in 1881, while performing at Cincinnati, by two of the Frohman brothers, Gustave and Daniel. The first play that he wrote and produced was The Professor. It debuted in the Madison Square Theatre, lasting 151 performances, with a subsequent tour through many states (as far west as St. Louis, Missouri). That same year, he produced Esmeralda, written together with Frances Hodgson Burnett. Early in his career, <mask> realised that it would be in the triple role of playwright, director, and actor that he could make the most money.He was among the premier matinee idols of his day, and was described by actress/drama critic Amy Leslie as "one of Gibson's notables materialized". Lewis Clinton Strang observed that "he rarely gesticulates, and his bodily movements often seem

masks: William William Gillette Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts: purposely slow and deliberate. His composure is absolute and his mental grasp of a situation is complete." He could mesmerize an audience simply by standing motionless and in complete silence, or by indulging in any one of his grand gestures or subtle mannerisms. He did not gesture often but, when he did, it meant everything. He would steal a scene with a mere nod, a shrug, a glance, a twitching of the fingers, a compression of his lips, or a hardening of his face. Slight inflections in his voice spoke wonders."Occasionally", Georg Schuttler pointed out, "when it was least expected, he gestured or moved his body so quickly that the speed of the action was compared to the swift opening and closing of a camera's shutter." S. E. Dahlinger, leading expert on the play Sherlock Holmes, summed him up: "Without seeming to raise his voice or ever to force an emotion, he could be thrilling without bombast or infinitely touching without descending to sentimentality. One of his greatest strengths as an actor was the ability to say nothing at all on the stage, relying instead on an involved, inner contemplation of an emotional or comic crisis to hold the audience silent, waiting for the moment when he would speak again." He was an unemotional actor, unable to emote, even in love scenes, about which Montrose Moses commented, "he made appeal through the sentiment of situation, through the exquisite sensitiveness of outward detail, rather than through romantic attitude and heart fervor." Ward Morehouse described <mask>'s style as "dry, crisp, metallic, almost shrill." Gretchen Finletter recalled that it was "a


title: William Gillette

texts:
 dry, almost monotonous voice admirably suited to the great Holmes". The New York Times noted in 1937 that "it would be hard to convince that portion of the American public that knew and followed him that any better actor had ever trod the American stage ...It would be conservative to say that Mr. <mask> was the most successful of all American actors." He had a heightened sense of the dramatic, and his two most riveting scenes are still considered to be among the most dramatic scenes in the history of the American theater: the hospital scene in Held by the Enemy and the Telegraph Office scene in Secret Service. <mask> treated both sides of the American Civil War equally, bestowing integrity, loyalty, and honor on both North and South, even as he made a spy each play's sympathetic hero. Yet, what set <mask> apart from all the rest was not simply his reliance on realism, his imperturbable naturalistic acting, or his superior sense of the dramatic. He "was also a pioneer in making American drama 'American', rejecting what had been up until that time a pervasive European influence on American theater" at a time when American art of all kinds was held in very low esteem by the British. Inventor

During an 1886–87 production of Held by the Enemy, <mask> introduced a new method of simulating the galloping of a horse. Men formerly had slammed halves of coconut shells on a slab of marble to simulate the sound, but <mask> found this clumsy and unrealistic.Patent No. 389,294 was applied for on June 9 and issued to him on September 11, entitled "Method of Producing Stage Effects". It was a method, not a

masks: Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 mechanical device, so there were no illustrations in the two-page document. And the patent was very broad, introducing "a new and useful method of imitating the sound of a horse or horses approaching, departing, or passing at a gallop, trot, or any other desired gait, the same to be used in producing stage effects in theatrical or other performances or entertainments, exhibitions, &c."

His method consisted in "beating with clappers, that represent the hoofs of a horse, upon some material that serves to represent the road-bed over which the horse is supposed to be traveling" as well as "stamping, pawing, or jumping about in a restive manner while the rider is mounting, and then starting off, first at a trot, then a gallop, and finally a run, or at any gait desired, in any order". He could also imitate the sounds of the hoofs pounding on different surfaces: "stone, brick, clay, gravel, greensward, or when crossing bridges." It was not the first patent which he had applied for and received. In 1883, he filed the first of four patent requests with the United States Patent and Trademark Office for a Time-Stamp "as stamps upon the upper surface of papers a dial and one or more dial-pointers, representing the time of day at which the papers stamped by it were respectively so stamped."All four requests were granted. Comeback
Charles Frohman was a young Broadway producer who had been successful exchanging theater productions between the U.S. and the UK. After he produced some of <mask>'s plays, the two formed a greater partnership. Their productions had great success, sweeping <mask> into London's

masks: Gillette Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts: society spot, which had been historically reluctant to accept American theatre. With Held by the Enemy in 1887, <mask> became the first American playwright to achieve true success on British stages with an authentic American play. <mask> finally came fully out of retirement in October 1894 in Too Much Johnson, adapted from the French farce La Plantation Thomassin by Maurice Ordonneau. Its debut was at the Park Theatre in Waltham, Massachusetts, then it opened on October 29 at the Columbia Theatre in Brooklyn.This farce was extremely popular, and has been produced on stage several times in the century since its debut. In 1895, he wrote Secret Service, which was first performed in the Broad Street Theatre in Philadelphia for two weeks beginning on May 13, 1895, with Maurice Barrymore in the lead role. <mask> rewrote some of the script and starred in the play when it opened at the Garrick Theatre on October 5, 1896. It was the first time that he had taken on the role of the romantic hero in one of his own plays. The production ran until March 6, 1897, and was an enormous critical and popular success. Following its American success, Frohman booked Secret Service to open at the Adelphi Theatre on the West End in London on May 15, 1897, and it became the cornerstone of Frohman's achievements in England. It became <mask>’s best known work outside of the Holmes adaptations, being adapted through the decades for silent and sound film, and television, as well as Broadway revivals.The well-known gun-switching scene is referenced in the 1920s hard-boiled detective story “Devil Cat”, by Carroll John Daly.

masks: Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 Sherlock Holmes

Meanwhile, Arthur Conan Doyle felt that the character of Sherlock Holmes was stifling him and keeping him from more worthy literary work. He had finished his Holmes saga and killed him off in The Final Problem published in 1893. Afterwards, however, Conan Doyle found himself in need of further income, as he was planning to build a new home called "Undershaw". He decided to take his character to the stage and wrote a play. Holmes had appeared in two earlier stage works by other authors in Charles Brookfield's skit Under the Clock (1893) and John Webb's play Sherlock Holmes (1894); nevertheless, Doyle now wrote a new five-act play with Holmes and Watson in their freshmen years as detectives. Doyle offered the role first to Herbert Beerbohm Tree and then to Henry Irving.Irving turned it down and Tree demanded that Doyle readapt Holmes to his peculiar acting profile; he also wanted to play both Holmes and Professor Moriarty. Doyle turned down the deal, considering that this would debase the character. Literary agent A. P. Watt noted that the play needed a lot of work and sent the script to Charles Frohman, who traveled to London to meet Conan Doyle. There Frohman suggested the prospect of an adaptation by <mask>. Doyle endorsed this and Frohman obtained the staging-copyright. Doyle insisted on only one thing: there was to be no love interest in Sherlock Holmes. Frohman uttered a Victorian rendition of "Trust me!"<mask> then read the entire collection for the first time, outlining the piece in San Francisco while still touring in Secret Service. On one occasion, after they had


title: William Gillette

texts:
 exchanged numerous telegrams about the play, <mask> telegraphed Conan Doyle: "May I marry Holmes?" Doyle responded: "You may marry him, or murder or do what you like with him." Milestones

New Holmes play
<mask>'s Sherlock Holmes consisted of four acts combining elements from several of Doyle's stories. He mainly utilized the plots "A Scandal in Bohemia" and "The Final Problem". Also, it had elements from A Study in Scarlet, The Sign of Four, The Boscombe Valley Mystery, and The Greek Interpreter. However, all the characters in the play were <mask>'s own creations with the exception of Holmes, Watson, and Moriarty.His creation of Billy the Buttons (Pageboy) was later used by Doyle for "The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone". <mask> portrayed Holmes as brave and open to express his feelings, which was substantially different from the intellectual-only original, "a machine rather than a man". He wore the Deerstalker cap on stage, which was originally featured in illustrations by Sidney Paget. Props and famous phrase
<mask> introduced the curved or bent briar pipe instead of the straight pipe pictured by Strand Magazine's illustrator Sidney Paget, most likely so that <mask> could pronounce his lines more easily; a straight pipe can wiggle or fall when speaking, or cause problems with declaring lines while it is clenched between the teeth. It is less difficult to pronounce lines clearly with a curved pipe. Some have lately theorized that a straight pipe may have obscured <mask>'s face. This could not happen with a curved briar in his mouth.<mask> also made use of a magnifying-glass, a violin, and a

masks: Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 syringe, which all came from the Canon and which were all now established as "props" to the Sherlock Holmes character. <mask> formulated the complete phrase: "Oh, this is elementary, my dear fellow", which was later reused by Clive Brook, the first spoken-cinema Holmes, as: "Elementary, my dear Watson", Holmes's best known line and one of the most famous expressions in the English language. Characters
Irene Adler was "The Woman" of the Holmes canon, but she was replaced by Alice Faulkner, a young and beautiful lady who was planning to avenge her sister's murder but eventually fell in love with Holmes; and the pageboy, nameless in the Canon, was given the name Billy by <mask>, a name that carried over into the Basil Rathbone films and that has been retained ever since. Sherlock Holmes, or The Strange Case of Miss Faulkner (later renamed Sherlock Holmes – A Drama in Four Acts) was finished. Baldwin Hotel theater fire

The Secret Service company was playing in San Francisco and staying in the Baldwin Hotel when a fire swept from the property room of the Baldwin Theatre through the hotel in the early morning hours of November 23. The play's script was in the possession of <mask>'s secretary <mask>, in his room at the Baldwin Hotel. The financial loss was estimated at nearly $1,500,000.Only two deaths were known at first, though several people were missing. The flames were confined to the Baldwin, though smoke and water damaged the adjoining structures. <mask>'s secretary barely escaped, but the entire script was reduced to ashes. Postance went to the Palace Hotel where <mask> was sound asleep, and

masks:
Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
William Postance
Gillette
Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 awakened him at 3:30 in the morning to break the bad news. <mask> was not overly happy about being disturbed in the middle of the night and simply asked, "Is this hotel on fire?" Assured that it was not, he told Postance, "Well, come and tell me about it in the morning." Both manuscripts were destroyed – Conan Doyle's original and <mask>'s adaptation – but <mask> rewrote the piece in a month, either from notes or an extra copy.Conan Doyle and <mask> had never met, so Conan Doyle's shock was understandable, once the two finally arranged a meeting, when the train carrying Gillette came to a halt and Sherlock Holmes himself stepped onto the platform instead of the actor, complete with deerstalker cap and gray ulster. Sitting in his landau, Conan Doyle contemplated the apparition with open-mouthed awe until the actor whipped out a magnifying lens, examined Doyle's face closely, and declared (precisely as Holmes himself might have done), "Unquestionably an author!" Conan Doyle broke into a hearty laugh and the partnership was sealed with the mirth and hospitality of a weekend at Undershaw. The two men became lifelong friends. Holmes tour

After a copyright performance in England, Sherlock Holmes debuted on October 23, 1899, at the Star Theatre in Buffalo, followed by appearances in Rochester and Syracuse, New York and in Scranton and Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Sherlock Holmes made its Broadway debut at the Garrick Theater on November 6, 1899, performing until June 16, 1900. It was an instant success.<mask> applied all his dazzling special effects over the massive audience. The company also toured


title: William Gillette

texts: nationally along the western United States from October 8, 1900, until March 30, 1901. This was bolstered by another company with Cuyler Hastings touring through minor cities and Australia. After a pre-debut week in Liverpool, the company debuted in London (September 9, 1901) at the Lyceum Theatre, performing in the Duke of York's Theatre later. It was another hit with its audience, despite not convincing the critics. The 12 weeks originally appointed were at full-hall. The production was extended until April 12, 1902 (256 presentations), including a gala for King Edward VII on February 1.Then it toured England and Scotland with two ancillary groups: North (with H. A. Saintsbury) and South (with Julian Royce). At the same time, the play was produced in foreign countries (such as Australia, Sweden, and South Africa). Sir Henry Irving was touring America when Sherlock Holmes opened at the Garrick Theatre, and Irving saw <mask> as Holmes. The two actors met and Irving concluded negotiations for Sherlock Holmes to begin an extended season at the Lyceum Theatre in London beginning in early May. <mask> was the first American actor ever to be invited to perform on that illustrious stage, which was an enormous honor. Irving was the dean of British actors, the first ever to be knighted, and the Lyceum was his theater. Sherlock Holmes made its British debut at the Shakespeare Theatre in Liverpool on September 2, 1901.It was the beginning of a major triumph. <mask> then opened Sherlock Holmes at the Lyceum in London on September 9. The Lyceum tour alone netted <mask> nearly $100,000, and it made the most


title: William Gillette

texts:
 money of all the productions in the final years of Irving's tenure at the Lyceum. In the United States, <mask> again toured from 1902 until November 1903, starring in The Admirable Crichton by James M. Barrie. <mask>'s own play Electricity appeared in 1910, and he starred in Victorien Sardou's Diplomacy in 1914, Clare Kummer's A Successful Calamity in 1917, Barrie's Dear Brutus in 1918, and <mask>'s The Dream Maker in 1921. A brief revival of Sherlock Holmes in early 1923 did not generate enough interest to return to Broadway, so he retired to his Hadlyme estate. Worldwide fame

In his lifetime, <mask> presented Sherlock Holmes approximately 1,300 times (third in the historical stage-record), before American and English audiences.He was also shown widely, through appearances in many editions of the Sherlock Holmes canon and in magazines by way of photographs or illustrations, and was also well represented on the covers of theater programs. Around the world, other productions took place, based on <mask>'s Sherlock Holmes. These were often satirical or parodical, which were sometimes successful enough to last several seasons. Frohman's lawyers tried to curb the illegal phenomenon exhaustedly, traveling overseas, from court to court. Legitimate productions were also produced throughout Europe and Australia for many years. Even <mask> parodied it once. The Painful Predicament of Sherlock Holmes – the first of a handful of one-act plays he would write – was written for two benefits, and was performed for the first time at the Joseph Jefferson Holland Benefit at the Metropolitan Opera House on March

masks: Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 by American media. Steele contributed to Conan Doyle's book-covers, later doing marketing when <mask> made his farewell performances. Conan Doyle's series were widely printed throughout the USA, with either Steele's illustrations or photographs of <mask> on stage. In 1907 <mask> was caricatured in Vanity Fair by Sir Leslie Ward (who signed his work "Spy") (see above), and later became the subject of such famous American caricaturists as Pamela Colman Smith, Ralph Barton and Al Freuh. Gillette Castle

While most of <mask>'s work has long been forgotten, his last great masterpiece is still well known today: Gillette Castle in Hadlyme, Connecticut.The castle sits atop a hill, part of the Seven Sisters chain, over the Chester–Hadlyme ferry's pier. The design of the castle and its grounds features numerous innovative features, and the entire castle was designed, to the smallest detail, by <mask>. The material for the castle was carried up by a tramway designed by him. During the five years of construction from 1914 to 1919, he lived aboard his houseboat, the Aunt Polly, named after a woman who allegedly tended to him when he was sick, or at a home he had purchased in Greenport, Long Island. The mansion was finished in 1919, at a cost of US$1.1 million. <mask> called it "Seventh Sister". His miniature railroad was his personal pride.The train's layout was  long, and it traveled all around the property, crossing several bridges and going through one tunnel designed by <mask>. The train was relocated after his death to an amusement park, Lake Compounce in Bristol, Connecticut, from 1943 through the

masks: Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 mid-90s. Since then, both locomotives have been returned to the castle, where one has been restored and is on display in the Visitors Center. <mask> had no children and, after he died, his will  stated

In 1943, the Connecticut state government bought the property, renaming it Gillette's Castle and Gillette Castle State Park. Located at 67 River Road, East Haddam, Connecticut, it was reopened in 2002. After a four-year restoration costing $11 million, it now includes a museum, park, and many theatrical celebrations. It receives 100,000 annual visitors.The castle is No. 86002103 on the National Register of Historic Places. It remains one of the top three tourist attractions in the state. In 1972, a Sherlock Holmes deerstalker cap and other memorabilia related to <mask> were donated to the State of Connecticut by Doreen Carlos-Perkins, daughter of Louise Rutter, an actress who worked with <mask> on Broadway. Last years and farewell tour

<mask> announced his retirement many times throughout his career, despite not actually accomplishing this until his death. The first announced retirement took place after the start of the 20th century, after he purchased the boat Aunt Polly which was  in length and weighed 200 tons. Sherlock Holmes was Gillette's foremost production with 1,300 performances (in 1899–1901, 1905, 1906, 1910, 1915, 1923, and 1929–1932).While performing on other tours, he was always forced by popular demand to include at least one extra performance of Sherlock Holmes. In 1929, at the age of 76, <mask> started the farewell tour of Sherlock Holmes, in Springfield, Massachusetts.


title: William Gillette

texts:
 Scheduled for two seasons, it was eventually extended into 1932. The first run of the tour included in the cast Theatre Guild actress Peg Entwistle as <mask>'s female lead. Entwistle was the tragic young actress who committed suicide by jumping from the Hollywoodland sign in 1932. In the New Amsterdam Theatre of New York, on November 25, 1929, a great ceremony took place. <mask> received a Signature book, autographed by 60 different world eminences.In a letter to <mask>, Arthur Conan Doyle stated: "I consider the production a personal gratification ... My only complaint is that you made the poor hero of the anemic printed page a very limp object as compared with the power of your own personality which you infuse into his stage presentment". President Calvin Coolidge commented that the production was a "public service". Booth Tarkington told him, "I would rather see you play Sherlock Holmes than be a child again on Christmas morning." <mask>'s last appearance on stage was in Austin Strong's Three Wise Fools in 1936. <mask> died on April 29, 1937, aged 83, in Hartford, due to a pulmonary hemorrhage. He was buried in the Hooker family plot at Riverside Cemetery, Farmington, Connecticut, next to his wife. Bibliography
<mask> wrote 13 original plays, 7 adaptations and some collaborations, encompassing farce, melodrama and novel adaption.Two pieces based on the Civil War remain his greatest works: Held by the Enemy (1886) and Secret Service (1896). Both were successful with both the public and the critics, and Secret Service remains the only one of his plays available today on commercial VHS and DVD


title: William Gillette

texts:
 from a 1977 Broadway Theater Archive production starring John Lithgow and Meryl Streep. His own bibliography follows:
 Bullywingle the Beloved (performed in Hartford, Connecticut, October 3, 1872, again in March 1873)
 The Twins of Siam (July 1879; never produced)
 The Professor (Summer 1879 tryout in Columbus, Ohio)
 Esmeralda (adapted from short story by Frances Hodgson Burnett, October 29, 1881, Madison Square Theatre, New York; published by the Madison Square Theatre in 1881)
 Digby's Secretary, also known as The Private Secretary (adapted from Gustave Von Moser's Der Bibliothekar, September 29, 1884, New York Comedy Theatre, New York). Der Bibliothekar, (February 9, 1885, Madison Square Theatre, New York)
 Held by the Enemy (February 22, 1886, Criterion Theatre, Brooklyn, New York; published by Samuel French Ltd. in 1898)
 She (Dramatization of novel by Rider Haggard, November 29, 1887, Niblo's Garden, New York)
 A Legal Wreck (August 14, 1888, Madison Square Theatre, New York; published by the Rockwood Publishing Company in 1890)
 A Legal Wreck (Novelization, Rockwood Pub. Co., 1888)
 A Confederate Casualty (1888; never produced)
 Robert Elsmere (Partial dramatization of novel by Mary Augusta Ward; unable to obtain Mrs. Ward's permission, <mask> discontinued work on the project, and it was dramatized by other playwrights and produced without his participation)
 "Mr. William Gillette Surveys the Field", Harper's Weekly, Vol. XXXIII, No. 1676, February 2, 1889, Supplement, pp.30
 Because She Loved Him So (October 28, 1898, Hyperion Theatre, New Haven, Connecticut)
 Sherlock Holmes (with


title: William Gillette

texts:
 York, 1910). Secret Service: Being the Happenings of a Night in Richmond in the Spring of 1865 (Novelization, Dodd, Mead and Company, New York, and Kessinger Publishing in the United Kingdom, 1912)
 Butterfly on the Wheel (1914; never produced)
 Diplomacy (adapted from Victorien Sardou's Dora, October 20, 1914, Empire Theatre, New York)
 William Hooker Gillette: The Illusion of the First Time in Acting (The Dramatic Museum of Columbia University in Papers on Acting, Second Series, Number 1, 1915)
 "When a Play Is Not a Play", Vanity Fair, Vol. 5, Nos.5–7 – vol. 6, Nos. 2–4, January–June 1916, pg. 53
 Introduction to How to Write a Play, edited by Miles Dudley, Papers on Playmaking II (Dramatic Museum of Columbia University, 1916), pp. 1–8
 How Well George Does It (1919, never produced; published by Samuel French Ltd. in 1936)
 "America's Great Opportunity", The World War: Utterances Concerning Its Issues and Conduct by Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, Printed for Its Archives and For Free
 The Dream Maker (November 21, 1921, Empire Theatre, New York)
 Sherlock Holmes, A Play (Samuel French, Ltd., 1922). Winnie and the Wolves (dramatized from Bertram Atkey's stories in the Saturday Evening Post, May 14, 1923, Lyric Theatre, Philadelphia, PA)
 The Astounding Crime on Torrington Road (Harper & Brothers, 1927)
 The Crown Prince of the Incas (1932–36; never completed)
 Sherlock Holmes, A Play (Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc., 1935); Introduction by Vincent Starrett; Preface by <mask>; Reminiscent notes and drawings by Frederic Dorr Steele
 Secret Service: Being the Happenings of


title: William Gillette

texts:
 a Night in Richmond in the Spring of 1865, Novelization with Cyrus Townsend Brady (Grosset & Dunlap in New York, 1936)
 Sherlock Holmes a Play: Wherein is Set Forth the Strange Case of Miss Alice Faulkner (Helan Halbach, Publisher, Santa Barbara, California, 1974), reprint of the 1935 edition; Introduction by Vincent Starrett; Preface by <mask>; Reminiscent notes and drawings by Frederic Dorr Steele
 Sherlock Holmes: A Play (Doubleday & Company, 1976; hardcover). Sherlock Holmes: A Play (Samuel French, 1976; softcover)
 Sherlock Holmes: A Play (Doubleday & Company, 1977; hardcover)

Patents issued by United States Patent and Trademark Office
	Time-Stamp
Letters patent No.289,404, filed April 25, 1883, granted December 4, 1883.
Letters Patent No. 300,966, filed May 2, 1883, granted June 24, 1884.
Letters Patent No. 302,559, filed on May 14, 1883, and granted July 29, 1884.
Letters Patent No. 309,537, filed December 5, 1883, and granted December 23, 1884. Method of Producing Stage Effects
Letters Patent No. 389,294, filed June 9, 1887, granted September 11, 1887. Audio/Visual
 Fox Movietone News: "Sherlock Holmes" Turns Engineer [Newsclip of <mask>], featuring <mask> (Fox, 1927, two minutes, sound, b&w, 35mm).Also heard in <mask>: A Connecticut Yankee and the American Stage, Connecticut Heritage Productions, Peter Loffredo, Producer, SDF-V7, debuted on Connecticut Public Television on July 11, 1994. Sherlock Holmes (1934), recorded by G. Robert Vincent for his private collection; <mask> reads excerpts from Sherlock Holmes; Dr. F.C. Packard from Harvard University takes the part of Dr. Watson.

masks:
William Gillette
William Gillette
William Gillette
William Gillette
Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 Running Time: 9.8 min; from An Inventory of Spoken Word Audio Recordings in the Vincent Voice Library, Michigan State University (DB7455).3; also in the Harriet Beecher Stowe Center, Hartford, Connecticut. <mask>, Voice of: Selections from Sherlock Holmes and The Celebrated Jumping Frog (1934), addressing Professor F. C. Packard's class at Harvard University, imitates his old friend and neighbor Mark Twain in a reading of the early sentences of The Celebrated Frog of Calaveras County, Harvard Vocarium. Filmography
1915 – Esmeralda, directed by James Kirkwood and starring Mary Pickford, released on September 6, 1915, and re-released July 27, 1919
1916 – Sherlock Holmes, starring <mask> in the first cinema-adaptation of his Sherlock Holmes, albeit not the first film about Holmes. It was a seven-reel silent film by Essanay Film Manufacturing Co. directed by Arthur Berthelet.Marjorie Kay played Alice Faulkner and Ernest Maupain was Moriarty. After years of being thought a lost film, a copy of the film was found in October 2014 at the Cinémathèque Française and was restored. It was shown on Turner Classic Movies in 2015. It is believed to be the only record of <mask> playing the role on camera. 1919 – Secret Service, Paramount Pictures, directed by Hugh Ford with Robert Warwick in <mask>'s role of Captain Thorne and Shirley Mason as the female lead. 1919 – Too Much Johnson, Paramount Pictures – Director: Donald Crisp; Writers: <mask> and Thomas J. Geraghty; Release Date: December 1919; Starring Bryant Washburn as Augustus Billings, Lois Wilson as Mrs. Billings, and Adele Farrington as Mrs.

masks:
William Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
Gillette
William Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 Batterson; 5 reels, 4,431 feet
1920 – Held by the Enemy, Famous Players-Lasky Corporation, Paramount Pictures – Director: Donald Crisp; Writers: <mask> and Beulah Marie Dix; Release date: October 24, 1920; Starring Agnes Ayres as Rachel Hayne, Wanda Hawley as Emmy McCreery, Lewis Stone as Capt. Gordon Haine, Jack Holt as Colonel Charles Prescott, and Robert Cain as Brigade Surgeon Fielding; 6 reels
1922 – Sherlock Holmes, Goldwyn Pictures, based on <mask>'s play, directed by Albert Parker.John Barrymore played Holmes. <mask> made his screen debut as Foreman Wells in this film, restored by the George Eastman House
1931 – Secret Service, Radio Pictures, directed by J. Walter Ruben with Richard Dix as Captain Thorne
1937 – Too Much Johnson, Mercury Theatre, directed by Orson Welles. Writers: <mask> and Orson Welles. Starring Joseph Cotten as Augustus Billings and Ruth Ford as Mrs. Billings. It was to be inserted into a stage production of the play but was never shown in public. Though Welles's print was destroyed in 1970, another one was discovered in 2013 and became available online the next year. 1977 – Secret Service, Broadway Theatre Archive, starring John Lithgow as Captain Thorne and Meryl Streep as Edith Varney.This was the first time Streep was seen on film, and it is the only play by <mask> still available on commercial VHS or DVD
1981 – Sherlock Holmes, Home Box Office in collaboration with the Williamstown Theatre Festival and artistic director Nikos Psacharopoulos, and was broadcast on November 19, 1981, with repeats on November 23, 27, 29, and December 1 and 5. This production starred

masks:
William Gillette
Gillette
William Powell
William Gillette
Gillette


title: William Gillette

texts:
 Frank Langella as Holmes, Stephen Collins as James Larrabee, Susan Clark as Madge Larrabee, Richard Woods as Dr. Watson, and 12-year-old Christian Slater in his film debut as Billy the Pageboy. This production is not available on commercial VHS or DVD. 1982 – Sherlock Holmes, Guy Dumur translated <mask>'s play into French for the 1982 filming of Sherlock Holmes, starring fifty-four-year-old Paul Guers as Holmes. Directed by Jean Hennin, it was broadcast on October 5, 1982

Radio

On October 20, 1930, <mask> performed the first serial radio-version of Sherlock Holmes in the premiere episode of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, an adaptation of "The Adventure of the Speckled Band". It was based on the original theater version by Conan Doyle, re-adapted by Edith Meiser, and was the first time Holmes was portrayed on radio as part of a continuing series. It was transmitted by WEAF-NBC (New York) and sponsored by G. Washington Coffee Co..This show became the pilot of a series and, after <mask>, Richard Gordon took over the part for the remaining 34 programs in the series. On November 18, 1935, <mask>, now 82 years old, performed his own Sherlock Holmes on WABC radio of New York. His play was again re-adapted by Meiser. Reginald Mason played Dr. Watson and Charles Bryant played Professor Moriarty. Its duration was 50 minutes. This play was the pilot for a new Holmes series by Lux Radio Theater. The New York Times said that <mask> was "still the best, with all his shades and improvisation".As novelist
1927, The Astounding Crime on Torrington Road—his only mystery novel. Tryon, North Carolina
In 1891,