title: Lori Swanson

texts: company that sold living trusts to senior citizens as a guise to sell them insurance products. In 2014, she filed a lawsuit against another company that sold “estate plans” to senior citizens costing $2,000 that it falsely claimed were prepared by an attorney. Swanson filed several lawsuits against outfits that bilked senior citizens with the sale of coins that were overpriced or not delivered.<mask> then worked with the legislature to secure enactment of legislation to curb abuses within the industry. Swanson also brought a number of cases on behalf of patients who were harmed by various health care practices besides those listed above. In 2009, she filed a lawsuit against a major hospital system for charging 18 percent interest on unpaid medical bills in violation of Minnesota usury laws. The hospital settled with Swanson by agreeing to make over $1 million in refunds to patients. In 2007, 2012, and 2017, she renewed agreements first reached by her predecessor in 2005 with all Minnesota hospitals to reform the manner in which they collect unpaid medical bills and charge uninsured patients. In 2009 she took action against medical providers for signing patients up for health care credit cards without their permission and placing thousands of dollars in debt on the credit cards. In 2009 and 2010 Swanson sued several companies that sold phony health insurance coverage to uninsured patients.In 2013, Swanson intervened to assist rural critical access hospitals after a large insurance company cut their contract payments. Also in 2013, Swanson asked the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to investigate a large insurer that sold Medicare policies after receiving complaints about shoddy payment practices. In 2016, Swanson required Minnesota hospitals to refund rape survivors who were improperly charged for sexual


title: Lori Swanson

type: original

texts: assault exams. In 2017, after the Minnesota Legislature authorized for-profit HMOs do business in Minnesota, Swanson sounded the alarm about the need to protect the nonprofit assets held by Minnesota HMOs from being acquired by for-profit companies. After Swanson pushed for legislation to regulate such nonprofit conversions, the legislature enacted a two-year moratorium on such transactions. In 2017 Swanson intervened after the state's largest insurance company and children's hospital failed to agreeing on a contract, bringing the two chief executive officers together to help forge a solution that would ensure continuity of care for 60,000 child patients. In 2018 Swanson filed a lawsuit against the federal government for cutting over $100 million in year in funding for MinnesotaCare, the state's 25 year old bipartisan health care program for the working poor.During her tenure as Attorney General, <mask> received recognition for bringing a number of cases to hold bill collectors and predatory lenders accountable for unlawful collection practices or other illegal practices. She brought the first lawsuit by a regulator in the country against one of the nation's largest collection agencies for “robo-signing” thousands of legal documents without verifying their accuracy. The alleged debts were often 10 years old or more and brought against people who did not owe the money. In a settlement with <mask>'s office, the company agreed to reform its practices and substantiate that debts were owed before filing collection lawsuits. <mask> later got enacted bipartisan legislation that required debt buyers to provide evidence they are targeting the correct person in the right amount before filing collection lawsuits. <mask> also got millions of dollars of bills written off after suing a Minnesota collection company that added 22

masks: Swanson Swanson Swanson Swanson


title: Lori Swanson

texts: percent interest to old bank overdraft fees. In 2017, she sued an outfit that got senior citizens to sign over large portions of their future pensions at high costs for military benefits in exchange for small loans.Starting in 2011, Swanson filed suit against many online “payday” lenders for making high-cost unlicensed loans to Minnesota residents, winning an $11 million settlement against one such company in 2016. In 2015 Swanson secured a favorable ruling from the Minnesota Supreme Court that Minnesota lending laws apply to online lenders against a lender that claimed that the Dormant Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution prohibited the application of such laws. On February 1, 2017, <mask> joined the attorneys general of the states of Washington, New York, Virginia, and Massachusetts in bringing a lawsuit against the administration of President Donald Trump. The suit challenged the president's executive order that bans refugees and travelers from a list of predominantly Muslim nations from entering the United States. The suit alleges that the order is unconstitutional and should not be enforced. Swanson issued a statement saying restricting people from certain countries "does not pass constitutional muster, is inconsistent with our history as a nation, and undermines our national security." In February 2018, Swanson reached a settlement of a major environmental lawsuit she filed in 2010 against 3M Company over its disposal of chemicals for several decades into the drinking water in the east metropolitan area of the Twin Cities.The lawsuit was settled for $850 million, or 100 times more than the next biggest environmental settlement in Minnesota history. Under the court-approved settlement, the money was to be used to clean up the drinking water. On June 2, 2018, <mask> withdrew from seeking the DFL

masks: Swanson Swanson


title: Lori Swanson

texts:
 endorsement for Attorney General despite receiving 52% of the endorsement vote in the first round of balloting (with 60% required for endorsement). Her opponent, Matt Pelikan, had received 47% in the first round of balloting. After her withdrawal, Pelikan was endorsed as the DFL candidate for Attorney General. Awards and honors
<mask> was named one of the "Top Ten Lawyers in America" by the national publication Lawyers USA in 2009. In December, 2012 Health Leaders Magazine named <mask> one of 20 Americans who is making a difference in health care.She also received the Robert Drinan "Champion of Justice" award from the National Consumer Law Center, a Washington-based non-profit organization that acts as a national clearing center and publisher for consumer lawyers and other legal advocates. She was also a recipient of the Pro Patria award by the Department of Defense for her work on behalf of armed service personnel. In 2010, <mask> was named Public Official of the Year by the Minnesota Nurses Association. The Drum Major Institute of New York designated <mask>'s predatory mortgage legislation on one of the ten top public policies proposed in 2008. In 2014, the University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Journalism awarded <mask> the Distinguished Service Award. Electoral history

2006

2010

2014

2018

See also
 Politics of Minnesota
 Washington, Minnesota attorneys general's lawsuit against Trump immigration ban
 List of female state attorneys-general in the United States

References

External links

 Attorney General of Minnesota

1966 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American women lawyers
Living people
Minnesota Attorneys General
Minnesota Democrats
Minnesota lawyers
People from Eagan, Minnesota
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
William Mitchell College of Law

masks: Swanson Swanson Swanson Swanson Swanson


title: Joseph H. Stuart

texts:
<mask><mask>, also known as J. H<mask> (1854–1910), from the British West Indies, settled in Colorado and in 1891 was the second black lawyer that practiced law. In 1895, he became the second African American legislator in the state's history, after Rep. John T. Gunnell. He worked on a bill to ensure equal access to public places, regardless of a person's race. The bill passed, but was not very effective due to racial discrimination and lack of resources to enforce it. Before coming to Denver, he was an educator in South Carolina and a lawyer in Kansas. Early life and education

<mask><mask> was born in 1854 in the British West Indies. He graduated from Codrington College in Barbados, after which he moved to South Carolina.He attended the Cedar Hall Academy and he became a teacher. <mask> received his law degree in 1877 from the University of South Carolina. At the time, there were just a few decades after the Civil War when most African Americans were not taught to read or write. Most schools would not accept blacks to attend their universities and colleges and many states prevented them from being admitted to the bar. The education required to get a law degree was generally limited to two five-month courses. In some cases, legal scholars worked as an apprentice with other lawyers to learn the trade more practically. Schools of higher learning were often split politically as to whether they remained loyal to British royalty or supported the constitution after the American Revolutionary War, the spirit of which educators passed down to their students.Since the colonial days, lawyers had generally been well-connected gentry that took part in political and societal discussions. The American system of jurisprudence was intended to provide a means for people who were harmed in some way

masks:
Joseph H
. Stuart
. Stuart
Joseph H
. Stuart
Stuart


title: Joseph H. Stuart

texts:
 to resolve illegal conduct in the courts. It was known at the time that lawyers played an important role in society and politics, but generally attorneys were not prepared to be as effective and in the number that was needed. George Wythe, a legal instructor of John Marshall and <mask>, thought that lawyers should be leaders and prevent the passage of unconstitutional laws. Career

Lawyer
He opened a law practice in Topeka, Kansas in 1879, but he was not admitted to the Kansas Bar Association until 1883. <mask> moved to San Diego, California in 1890, based upon feedback from the South Caroline Supreme Court, he was admitted to the bar. That made him the first African American male lawyers in San Diego County, California.It was not likely, though, that he could make enough money to support himself. There were about 329 African Americans in San Diego, but Denver had ten times that number. He moved to Denver, Colorado around 1891 to improve his health, as many did in the 19th century. He was admitted to the Colorado Bar Association on December 1, 1891, which made him the second black man to be admitted to the bar in the state; <mask> <mask> was the first. He established a law practice in the Kittredge Building in downtown Denver. He was a member and counsellor of the board of directors of the Afro-American Life and Benefit Association. <mask> practiced law after end of his two-year term (1895–1897) as a legislator.In 1907, he travelled to Trinidad to defend Grattan Turner, a black man from Denver who was charged with the murder of Manuel Chavez at Starkville. Chavez died a few weeks before the start of the trial. <mask> had a client who was being harassed, according to the Franklin's Paper the Statesman. The Anti-Saloon League worked through the Berlew Detective Agency to target the

masks:
Henry Clay
Stuart
Edwin Henry
Hackley
Stuart
Stuart


title: Joseph H. Stuart

texts:
 one drug store owned by an African American out of hundreds of drug stores in the city. Charges asserted that <mask>'s client, George A. Allen, had sold liquor at his drugstore on Sunday. The charges were "uncertain and conflicting" and Allen was acquitted by March 26, 1910. Legislator

<mask> was nominated to run for a seat in the state's legislature by the city's "politically active black community".He campaigned to represent Arapahoe County, Colorado. In 1894, he addressed Republicans, where he was said to have issued "one of the ablest speeches" of the campaign. During his speech he said "This large crowd assures me that the people of Pueblo county are awakened to the fact that Colorado must be redeemed from populist misrule. The colored man is always found on the right side during a contest." <mask> also provided a general statement that blacks want principled leadership, for which they have fought in the country's history. The second black state legislator he served one term from 1895 to 1897. He sponsored a bill that was meant to end racial discrimination, and should have provided equal access to public places, like lodging, restaurants, entertainment, and transportation.Elitch Gardens was required to serve black patrons. Some legislators did not want to pass the measure, but they acquiesced, and the bill was signed into law in 1895. In Colorado, the bill was not as effective as it could have been due to Jim Crow laws, racial discrimination, and the lack of resources to enforce the law. There was not much improvement until the civil rights movement of the 1960s. <mask> was nominated to run for office in 1906, but he did not become a representative a second time. Other

In January 1900, Booker T. Washington stayed at the Brown Palace Hotel in Denver and gave a lecture about

masks: Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart


title: Joseph H. Stuart

texts:
 "the Negro question" at the Central Presbyterian Church. Afterwords, he attended a reception held in his honor at the Arapahoe Cafe.It was attended by African American businessmen, editors, committee members of the Ministerial Alliance, and members of fraternities and lodges. <mask> read a poem, written for the occasion by Paul Laurence Dunbar, entitled His Public Work. <mask> was elected secretary in 1908 of the local chapter of the National Negro Business League to support businesses of African Americans. <mask> was naturalized as an American citizen on November 5, 1894. Death

<mask> died on April 4, 1910 at his home in Denver. A funeral was held for him by April 16 at the Shorter Community M.E. Church.He was interred at Fairmount Cemetery in Denver. Mrs. <mask><mask>, a woman of color, lived at 2421 Ogden in Denver in 1910. Gallery

See also
 African American officeholders during and following the Reconstruction era
 List of African American pioneers of Colorado

Notes

References

1854 births
1910 deaths
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers
19th-century educators
African-American state legislators in Colorado
Members of the Colorado House of Representatives
Alumni of Codrington College
People of the British West Indies
People from Denver
University of South Carolina alumni
20th-century African-American

masks:
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Joseph H
. Stuart


title: John Henderson (hurler)

texts:
<mask> (born 14 October 1957) is an Irish retired hurler who played as a corner-back and as a full-back for the Kilkenny and Wicklow senior teams. Born in Johnstown, County Kilkenny, <mask> first played competitive hurling during his schooling at Coláiste Mhuire. He arrived on the inter-county scene at the age of sixteen when he first linked up with the Kilkenny minor team before later joining the under-21 side. He made his senior debut during the 1979 championship. <mask> immediately became a regular member of the team and won three All-Ireland medals, six Leinster medals and four National Hurling League medals. He was an All-Ireland runner-up on two occasions. As a member of the Leinster inter-provincial team on a number of occasions <mask> won one Railway Cup medal.At club level he is a one-time championship medallist with Fenians while he also won a championship medal with Glenealy. His brothers, Pat and Ger, won a combined total of eight All-Ireland medals with Kilkenny. Throughout his career <mask> made 34 championship appearances. His retirement came following the conclusion of the 1991 championship. In retirement from playing <mask> became involved in team management and coaching. At inter-county level he managed the Wicklow senior team and the Dublin under-21 team while at club level he took charge of Cuala, Bray Emmets and Glenealy. <mask> also served as an analyst on the Sunday Game.Early life
<mask> was born in Johnstown, County Kilkenny in 1957, where he was educated locally at Johnstown's National School, where his interest in hurling reportedly first

masks:
John Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson


title: John Henderson (hurler)

texts:
 began. Later, <mask> and his two brothers, Pat and Ger, would form the backbone of the great Kilkenny team of the 1970s and early 1980s. He went to college in Carlow RTC  where he won an All Ireland college's football medal. Playing career

Club

<mask> was a key member of the Feniains senior team that reached the 1977 championship decider. An Eddie Keher-inspired Rower-Inistioge provided the opposition, however, <mask> won a Kilkenny Senior Hurling Championship medal following a 3–11 to 1–10 victory. Almost twenty years later and <mask> was lining out with Glenealy in County Wicklow. In 1996 was at full-forward as the club faced Carnew Emmets in the championship decider.A 3-7 to 0-9 victory secured the victory and a championship medal for <mask>. Minor and under-21

<mask> first played for Kilkenny as a member of the minor team in 1974. He was an unused substitute during that year's campaign and collected a Leinster medal on the bench following an 8-19 to 3-5 trouncing of Dublin. The following year <mask> was included as a regular member of the starting fifteen. A 2-18 to 3-4 defeat of Dublin secured a fifth successive provincial title for the team and a first Leinster medal on the field of play for <mask>. On 6 September 1975 Kilkenny faced Cork in the All-Ireland decider. The Cats proved much too strong and powered to a 3-19 to 1-14 victory, giving <mask> an All-Ireland Minor Hurling Championship medal.Two years later in 1977 <mask> was a key member of the Kilkenny under-21 team. He won a Leinster that year as Wexford were downed on a score line of 3-11 to 1-10.

masks: Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson


title: John Henderson (hurler)

texts:
 Cork were once again waiting for Kilkenny in the All-Ireland decider. Having been beaten the previous year, Kilkenny secured a narrow 2-9 to 1-9 victory giving <mask> an All-Ireland Under-21 Hurling Championship medal. Senior

<mask> made his senior championship debut on 24 June 1979 in a 4-15 to 4-11 Leinster semi-final defeat of Dublin. He later won a Leinster medal as Wexford were defeated by 2-21 to 2-17. On 2 September 1979 Kilkenny faced Galway in the All-Ireland final.Bad weather and an unofficial train drivers’ strike resulted in the lowest attendance at a final in over twenty years. The bad weather also affected the hurling with Kilkenny scoring two freak goals as Galway ‘keeper Séamus Shinnors had a nightmare of a game. A Liam “Chunky” O’Brien 70-yard free went all the way to the net in the first half, while with just three minutes remaining a 45-yard shot from Mick Brennan was helped by the wind and dipped under the crossbar. Kilkenny won by 2-12 to 1-8 with <mask> winning his first All-Ireland medal. After a fallow two-year period, Kilkenny bounced back in 1982 with <mask> winning his first National Hurling League medal following a 2-14 to 1-11 defeat of Wexford. He later added a second Leinster medal to his collection following a 1-11 to 0-12 defeat of three-in-a-row hopefuls and reigning All-Ireland champions Offaly. On 5 September 1982 Kilkenny and Cork renewed their rivalry in the All-Ireland decider.The Cats were rank outsiders on the day, however, a brilliant save by Noel Skehan was followed by two quick goals by Christy Heffernan just before the

masks: Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson


title: John Henderson (hurler)

texts: interval. Éamonn O'Donoghue pegged a goal back for Cork, however, Ger Fennelly added a third for Kilkenny who secured a 3-18 to 1-13 victory. It was a second All-Ireland medal for <mask>. <mask> won a second consecutive league medal in 1983 following a narrow 2-14 to 2-12 defeat of Limerick before later collecting a third Leinster medal as Offaly were accounted for by 1-17 to 0-13. The All-Ireland final on 4 September 1983 was a replay of the previous year with Cork hoping to avenge that defeat. Billy Fitzpatrick was the star with ten points, giving Kilkenny a 2-14 to 1-9 lead with seventeen minutes left, however, they failed to score for the remainder of the game. A stunning comeback by Cork just fell short and <mask> collected a third All-Ireland medal following a 2-14 to 2-12 victory.He later won an All-Star. In 1986 Kilkenny bounced back with <mask> collecting a third league medal following a 2-10 to 2-6 defeat of Galway. He later collected a fourth Leinster medal following a 4-10 to 1-11 defeat of reigning champions Offaly. <mask> won a fifth Leinster medal in 1987 as Offaly were downed once again by 2-14 to 0-17. On 6 September 1987 Galway, a team who were hoping to avoid becoming the first team to lose three finals in-a-row, faced a Kilkenny team who for many of its players knew it would be their last chance to claim an All-Ireland medal. Galway ‘keeper <mask>ins saved two goal chances from Ger Fennelly, while at the other end substitute Noel Lane bagged a decisive goal as Galway claimed a 1-12 to 0-9 victory. Offaly dominated the provincial series over the

masks:
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
Henderson
John Comm


title: John Henderson (hurler)

texts:
 next three years, however, Kilkenny emerged once again in 1990.An 0-18 to 0-9 defeat of New York gave <mask> a fourth league medal. <mask> won a sixth Leinster medal in 1991 but not without difficulty. With seconds left in the game the Dubs were winning by a single point, however, a last-gasp goal sealed a 1-11 to 0-13 victory. On 1 September 1991 Kilkenny faced old rivals Tipperary in the All-Ireland decider. The opening thirty-five minutes saw both sides trade score-for-score, however, a controversial 20-metre free, miss-hit by Michael Cleary, landed in the net and gave Tipperary a lead which they never surrendered. The final score of 1–16 to 0–15 resulted in defeat for <mask>. After retiring from Kilkenny, <mask> joined the Wicklow senior team.Managerial career
In retirement from playing, <mask> turned his hand to inter-county management. He spent a short period in charge of the Wicklow senior hurling team, however, he had little success. He has managed several Bray Emmets juvenile teams to success. He managed the Cuala senior hurling team in Dublin prior to his management role with Dublins under 21 team. He managed the Bray Emmets Senior team to their first Wicklow Senior Hurling Championship in 61 years in 2014, along with a Division 2 Leinster League. He backed that up by managing Bray Emmets to another County Hurling title in 2015. References

1957 births
Living people
Fenians hurlers
Glenealy hurlers
Kilkenny inter-county hurlers
Wicklow inter-county hurlers
Leinster inter-provincial hurlers
Hurling managers
Hurling selectors
All-Ireland Senior Hurling

masks: Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson Henderson


title: Robert Mitchum

texts:
<mask> (August 6, 1917 – July 1, 1997) was an American actor, director, author, poet, composer, and singer. He rose to prominence
with an Academy Award nomination for the Best Supporting Actor for The Story of G.I. Joe (1945), followed by starring in several classic film noirs. His acting is generally considered a forerunner of the antiheroes prevalent in film during the 1950s and 1960s. His best-known films include Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo (1944),   Out of the Past (1947), River of No Return (1954), The Night of the Hunter (1955), Thunder Road (1958), Cape Fear (1962), El Dorado (1966), Ryan's Daughter (1970) and The Friends of Eddie Coyle (1973). He is also known for his television role as U.S. Navy Captain Victor "Pug" Henry in the epic miniseries The Winds of War (1983) and sequel War and Remembrance (1988). <mask> is rated number 23 on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest male stars of classic American cinema.Early life

<mask> was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, on August 6, 1917, into a Scots-Irish/Norwegian Methodist family. His father, James Thomas <mask>, was a shipyard and railroad worker of Scots-Irish descent, and his mother, Ann Harriet Gunderson, was a Norwegian immigrant and sea captain's daughter. His older sister, Annette (known as <mask> during her acting career), was born in 1914. James was crushed to death in a railyard accident in Charleston, South Carolina, in February 1919. His widow was awarded a government pension, and soon realized she was pregnant. Her third child, John, was born in September of that year. Ann married Lieutenant Hugh "The Major" Cunningham Morris, a former Royal Naval Reserve officer.They had a daughter, Carol Morris, born July 1927 on the family farm in Delaware. When all of the children were old enough to attend school, Ann found employment as a linotype operator for the Bridgeport Post. As a child, <mask> was known as a prankster, often involved in fistfights and mischief. In 1929 his mother

masks:
Robert Charles Durman Mitchum
Mitchum
Mitchum
Mitchum
Julie Mitchum
Mitchum


title: Robert Mitchum

texts:
 sent the twelve-year-old to live with her parents in Felton, Delaware; the boy was promptly expelled from middle school for scuffling with the principal. A year later he moved in with his older sister in Manhattan's Hell's Kitchen. After being expelled from Haaren High School he left his sister and traveled throughout the country, hopping freight cars and taking a number of jobs, including ditch-digging for the Civilian Conservation Corps and professional boxing. He later stated that at age 14 in Savannah, Georgia, he was arrested for vagrancy and put in a local chain gang.By <mask>'s account, he escaped and returned to his family in Delaware. During this time, while recovering from injuries that nearly cost him a leg, he met Dorothy Spence, whom he would later marry. He soon went back on the road, eventually "riding the rails" to California. Acting

Getting established

In the mid-1930s <mask> moved to the West Coast in the hope of acting in movies, and the rest of the <mask> family soon followed her to Long Beach, California. <mask> arrived in 1936. During this time, Mitchum worked as a ghostwriter for astrologer Carroll Righter. Julie convinced him to join the local theater guild with her.At The Players Guild of Long Beach, <mask> worked as a stagehand and occasional bit-player in company productions. He also wrote several short pieces which were performed by the guild. According to Lee Server's biography (<mask>: Baby, I Don't Care), Mitchum put his talent for poetry to work writing song lyrics and monologues for Julie's nightclub performances. In 1940, he returned to Delaware to marry Dorothy Spence, and they moved back to California. He gave up his artistic pursuits at the birth of their first child James, nicknamed Josh, and two more children, Chris and Petrine, followed. Mitchum found steady employment as a machine operator during World War II with the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, but the noise of the machinery damaged his hearing. He also

masks:
Mitchum
Julie Mitchum
Mitchum
Robert
Mitchum
Robert Mitchum


title: Robert Mitchum

texts:
 suffered a nervous breakdown (which resulted in temporary vision problems), due to job-related stress.He then sought work as a film actor, performing initially as an extra and in small speaking parts. His agent got him an interview with Harry Sherman, the producer of Paramount's Hopalong Cassidy western film series, which starred William Boyd; <mask> was hired to play minor villainous roles in several films in the series during 1942 and 1943. He went uncredited as a soldier in the 1943 film The Human Comedy starring Mickey Rooney. His first on-screen credit came in 1943 as a Marine private in the Randolph Scott war film Gung Ho! <mask> continued to find work as an extra and supporting actor in numerous productions for various studios. After impressing director Mervyn LeRoy during the making of Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, <mask> signed a seven-year contract with RKO Radio Pictures. He was groomed for B-Western stardom in a series of Zane Grey adaptations.Following the moderately successful Western Nevada, RKO lent <mask> to United Artists for a prominent supporting actor role in The Story of G.I. Joe (1945). In the film, he portrayed war-weary officer Bill Walker (based on Captain Henry T. Waskow), who remains resolute despite the troubles he faces. The film, which followed the life of an ordinary soldier through the eyes of journalist Ernie Pyle (played by Burgess Meredith), became an instant critical and commercial success. Shortly after filming, <mask> was drafted into the United States Army, serving at Fort MacArthur, California, as a medic. At the 1946 Academy Awards, The Story of G.I. Joe was nominated for four Oscars, including <mask>'s only nomination for an Academy Award, for  Best Supporting Actor.He finished the year with a Western (West of the Pecos) and a story of returning Marine veterans (Till the End of Time), before migrating to a genre that came to define <mask>'s career and screen persona: film noir. Film noir

<mask> was initially known

masks: Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum


title: Robert Mitchum

texts: for his work in film noir. His first foray into the genre was a supporting role in the 1944 B-movie When Strangers Marry, about newlyweds and a New York City serial killer. Another early noir, Undercurrent, featured him as a troubled, sensitive man entangled in the affairs of his tycoon brother (<mask>) and his brother's suspicious wife (Katharine Hepburn). John Brahm's The Locket (1946) featured <mask> as a bitter ex-boyfriend to Laraine Day's femme fatale. Raoul Walsh's Pursued (1947) combined the Western and noir genres, with <mask>'s character attempting to recall his past and find those responsible for killing his family. Crossfire (also 1947) featured <mask> as a member of a group of returned World War II soldiers embroiled in a murder investigation for an act committed by an anti-Semite in their ranks.The film, directed by Edward Dmytryk and starring <mask> and <mask>, earned five Academy Award nominations. Following Crossfire, <mask> starred in Out of the Past (also called Build My Gallows High), directed by Jacques Tourneur and featuring the cinematography of Nicholas Musuraca. In his best-known noir role, <mask> played Jeff Markham, a small-town gas-station owner and former investigator, whose unfinished business with gambler Whit Sterling (Kirk Douglas) and femme fatale Kathie Moffett (Jane Greer) comes back to haunt him. On September 1, 1948, after a string of successful films for RKO, <mask> and actress Lila Leeds were arrested for possession of marijuana. The bust was the result of a sting operation designed to capture other Hollywood partiers as well, but <mask> and Leeds did not receive the tipoff. After serving a week at the county jail (he described the experience to a reporter as being "like Palm Springs, but without the riff-raff"), Mitchum spent 43 days (February 16 to March 30) at a Castaic, California, prison farm. Life  photographers were permitted to take photos of him mopping up in his prison uniform.The arrest inspired the

masks:
Robert Taylor
Mitchum
Mitchum
Mitchum
Robert Ryan
Robert Young
Mitchum
Mitchum
Mitchum
Mitchum


title: Robert Mitchum

texts:
 exploitation film She Shoulda Said No! (1949), which starred Leeds. <mask>'s conviction was later overturned by the Los Angeles court and district attorney's office on January 31, 1951, after being exposed as a setup. Despite <mask>'s legal troubles and problems without his studio, his popularity was not harmed and films released immediately after his arrest were box-office hits. Rachel and the Stranger (1948) featured <mask> in a supporting role as a mountain man competing for the hand of Loretta Young, the indentured servant and wife of William Holden. In the film adaptation of John Steinbeck's novella The Red Pony (1949), he appeared as a trusted cowhand to a ranching family. He returned to  in The Big Steal (also 1949), where he reunited with Jane Greer in an early Don Siegel film.Mainstream stardom in the 1950s and 1960s

In Where Danger Lives (1950), <mask> played a doctor who comes between a mentally unbalanced Faith Domergue and cuckolded Claude Rains. The Racket was a noir remake of the early crime drama  The Racket  (1928), and featured <mask> as a police captain fighting corruption in his precinct. The Josef von Sternberg film, Macao (1952), had <mask> as a victim of mistaken identity at an exotic resort casino, playing opposite Jane Russell. Otto Preminger's Angel Face was the first of three collaborations between <mask> and British stage actress Jean Simmons. Mitchum plays an  ambulance driver who allows a murderously insane heiress to fatally seduce him. Mitchum was fired from Blood Alley (1955) over his conduct, reportedly having thrown the film's transportation manager into San Francisco Bay. According to Sam O'Steen's memoir Cut to the Chase, Mitchum showed up on-set after a night of drinking and tore apart a studio office when they did not have a car ready for him.<mask> walked off the set of the third day of filming Blood Alley, claiming he could not work with the director. Because <mask> was showing up late and behaving erratically,

masks: Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum


title: Robert Mitchum

texts: producer John Wayne, after failing to obtain Humphrey Bogart as a replacement, took over the role himself. Following a series of conventional Westerns and , as well as the Marilyn Monroe adventure vehicle River of No Return (1954), <mask> appeared in The Night of the Hunter (1955), Charles Laughton's only film as director. Based on a novel by Davis Grubb, the thriller starred <mask> as a monstrous criminal posing as a preacher to find money hidden by his cellmate in the man's home. His performance as Reverend Harry Powell is considered by many to be one of the best of his career. Stanley Kramer's melodrama Not as a Stranger, also released in 1955, was a box-office hit. The film starred <mask> against type, as an idealistic young doctor, who marries an older nurse (Olivia de Havilland), only to question his morality many years later.However, the film was not well received, with most critics pointing out that <mask>, Frank Sinatra, and Lee Marvin were all too old for their characters. Olivia de Havilland received top billing over <mask> and Sinatra. On March 8, 1955, <mask> formed DRM (Dorothy and Robert Mitchum) Productions to produce five films for United Artists; four films were produced. The first film was Bandido (1956). Following a succession of average Westerns and the poorly received Foreign Intrigue (1956), <mask> starred in the first of three films with Deborah Kerr. The John Huston war drama Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison, cast <mask> as a Marine corporal shipwrecked on a Pacific Island with a nun, Sister Angela (Deborah Kerr), as his sole companion. In this character study they struggle with the elements, the Japanese garrison, and their growing feelings for one-another.The film was nominated for two Academy Awards, including Best Actress and Best Adapted Screenplay. For his role, <mask> was nominated for a BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actor. In the World War II submarine classic The Enemy Below (1956), <mask> played the captain of a US Navy destroyer

masks: Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum Mitchum


title: Robert Mitchum

texts: who matches wits with a wily German U-boat captain Curt Jurgens, who starred with <mask> again in the  1962 World War II epic The Longest Day. Thunder Road (1958), the second DRM Production, was loosely based on an incident in which a driver transporting moonshine was said to have fatally crashed on Kingston Pike in Knoxville, Tennessee, somewhere between Bearden Hill and Morrell Road. According to Metro Pulse writer Jack Renfro, the incident occurred in 1952 and may have been witnessed by James Agee, who passed the story on to <mask>. He starred, produced, co-wrote the screenplay, and is rumored to have directed much of the film. It costars his son James, as his on-screen brother, in a role originally intended for Elvis Presley.<mask> also co-wrote (with Don Raye) the theme song, "The Ballad of Thunder Road". <mask> returned to Mexico for The Wonderful Country (1959) with Julie London, and Ireland for A Terrible Beauty/The Night Fighters for the last of his DRM Productions. <mask> and Kerr reunited for the Fred Zinnemann film The Sundowners (1960), playing an Australia husband and wife struggling in the sheep industry during the Depression. The film received five Oscar nominations, and <mask> earned the year's National Board of Review award for Best Actor for his performance. The award also recognized his performance in the Vincente Minnelli Western drama Home from the Hill (also 1960). He was teamed with former leading ladies Kerr and Simmons, as well as Cary Grant, for the Stanley Donen comedy The Grass Is Greener the same year. <mask>'s performance as the menacing rapist Max Cady in Cape Fear (1962) brought him further renown for playing cold, predatory characters.The 1960s were marked by a number of lesser films, including the Shirley MacLaine comedy-musical What a Way to Go! (1964), the Howard Hawks Western El Dorado (1967), a remake of Rio Bravo (1959) (in which <mask> took over Dean Martin's role of the drunk who comes to the aid of John Wayne's


title: Robert Mitchum

texts:
 character), and another WWII epic, Anzio (1968). He teamed with Martin again for the 1968 Western 5 Card Stud, playing a homicidal preacher. Later work

<mask> made a departure from his typical screen persona with the 1970 David Lean film Ryan's Daughter, in which he starred as Charles Shaughnessy, a mild-mannered schoolmaster in World War I–era Ireland. At the time of filming <mask>'s recent films had been critical and commercial flops, and he was going through a personal crisis that had him considering  suicide. Screenwriter <mask> told him that he could do so after the film was finished and that he would personally pay for his burial. Though the film was nominated for four Academy Awards (winning two) and <mask> was much publicized as a contender for a Best Actor nomination, he was not nominated.George C. Scott won the award for his powerful performance in Patton, a project <mask> had rejected as glorifying war. The 1970s featured <mask> in a number of well-received crime dramas. The Friends of Eddie Coyle (1973) had the actor playing an aging Boston hoodlum caught between the Feds and his criminal friends. Sydney Pollack's The Yakuza (1974) transplanted the typical  story arc to the Japanese underworld. He also appeared in 1976's Midway about a crucial 1942 World War II battle. <mask>'s stint as an aging Philip Marlowe in the Raymond Chandler adaptation Farewell, My Lovely (1975) (a re-make of 1944's Murder My Sweet) was sufficiently well received by audiences and critics for him to reprise the role in 1978's The Big Sleep, a remake of the 1946 film of the same title. In 1982, <mask> played Coach Delaney in the film adaptation of playwright/actor Jason Miller's 1973 Pulitzer Prize-winning play That Championship Season.At the premiere for That Championship Season, <mask>, while intoxicated, assaulted a female reporter and threw a basketball that he was holding (a prop from the film) at a female photographer from Time magazine, injuring her neck and

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title: Robert Mitchum

texts: knocking out two of her teeth. She sued him for $30 million for damages. The suit eventually "cost him his salary from the film". That Championship Season may have indirectly led to another debacle for <mask> several months later. In a February 1983 Esquire interview, he made several racist, anti-Semitic and sexist statements, including, when asked if the Holocaust occurred, responded "so the Jews say." Following the widespread negative response, he apologized a month later, saying that his statements were "prankish" and "foreign to my principle". He claimed that the problem had begun when he recited a racist monologue from his role in That Championship Season, the writer believing the words to be his own.<mask>, who claimed that he had only reluctantly agreed to the interview, then decided to "string... along" the writer with even more incendiary statements. <mask> expanded to television work with the 1983 miniseries The Winds of War. The big-budget Herman Wouk story aired on ABC, starring <mask> as naval officer "Pug" Henry and Victoria Tennant as Pamela Tudsbury, and examined the events leading up to America's involvement in World War II. He returned to the role in 1988's War and Remembrance, which continued the story through the end of the war. In 1984, <mask> entered the Betty Ford Center in Palm Springs, California for treatment of alcoholism. He played George Hazard's father-in-law in the 1985 miniseries North and South, which also aired on ABC. <mask> starred opposite Wilford Brimley in the 1986 made-for-TV movie Thompson's Run.A hardened con (<mask>), being transferred from a federal penitentiary to a Texas institution to finish a life sentence as a habitual criminal, is freed at gunpoint by his niece (played by Kathleen York). The cop (Brimley) who was transferring him, and has been the con's lifelong friend and adversary for over 30 years, vows to catch the twosome. In 1987, <mask> was the guest-host on Saturday Night Live, where he played


title: Robert Mitchum

texts:
 private eye Philip Marlowe for the last time in the parody sketch, "Death Be Not Deadly". The show ran a short comedy film he made (written and directed by his daughter, Trina) called Out of Gas, a mock sequel to Out of the Past. (Jane Greer reprised her role from the original film.) He also was in Bill Murray's 1988 comedy film, Scrooged. In 1991, <mask> was given a lifetime achievement award from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures, in the same year he received the Telegatto award and in 1992 the Cecil B. DeMille Award from the Golden Globe Awards.<mask> continued to act in films until the mid-1990s, such as in Jim Jarmusch's Dead Man, and he narrated the Western Tombstone. He also appeared, in contrast to his role as the antagonist in the original, as a protagonist police detective in Martin Scorsese's remake of Cape Fear, but the actor gradually slowed his workload. His last film appearance was a small but pivotal role in the television biographical film, James Dean: Race with Destiny, playing Giant director George Stevens. His last starring role was in the 1995 Norwegian movie Pakten. Music

One of the lesser-known aspects of <mask>'s career was his foray into music as a singer. Critic Greg Adams writes, "Unlike most celebrity vocalists, <mask>um actually had musical talent." Mitchum's voice was often used instead of that of a professional singer when his character sang in his films.Notable productions featuring <mask>'s own singing voice included Rachel and the Stranger, River of No Return, and The Night of the Hunter. After hearing traditional calypso music and meeting artists such as Mighty Sparrow and Lord Invader while filming Heaven Knows, Mr. Allison in the Caribbean islands of Tobago, he recorded Calypso – is like so ... in March 1957. On the album, released through Capitol Records, he emulated the calypso sound and style, even adopting the style's unique pronunciations and slang. A year later, he recorded a song he had written for

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title: Robert Mitchum

texts:
 Thunder Road, titled "The Ballad of Thunder Road". The country-style song became a modest hit for Mitchum, reaching number 69 on the Billboard Pop Singles chart. The song was included as a bonus track on a successful reissue of Calypso ... and helped market the film to a wider audience. Although <mask> continued to use his singing voice in his film work, he waited until 1967 to record his follow-up record, That Man, <mask>um, Sings.The album, released by Nashville-based Monument Records, took him further into country music, and featured songs similar to "The Ballad of Thunder Road". "Little Old Wine Drinker Me", the first single, was a top-10 hit at country radio, reaching number nine there, and crossed over onto mainstream radio, where it peaked at number 96. Its follow-up, "You Deserve Each Other", also charted on the Billboard Country Singles chart. He sang the title song to the Western Young Billy Young, made in 1969. Albums

Singles

Personal life

<mask>'s sons, James and Christopher, were actors, and his daughter, Petrine <mask>, a writer. His grandchildren, <mask> and <mask>, are actors, as was his younger brother, John, who died in 2001. Another grandson, Kian, is a successful model.A lifelong heavy smoker, <mask> died on July 1, 1997, in Santa Barbara, California, due to complications of lung cancer and emphysema. He was five weeks shy of his 80th birthday. His body was cremated and his ashes scattered at sea, though there is a plot marker in the Odd Fellows Cemetery in Delaware. He was survived by his wife of 57 years, <mask> (May 2, 1919 – April 12, 2014, Santa Barbara, California, aged 94). Reception, acting style and legacy

<mask> is regarded by some critics as one of the finest actors of the Golden Age of Hollywood. Roger Ebert called him "the soul of film noir". <mask>, however, was self-effacing; in an interview with Barry Norman for the BBC about his contribution to cinema, Mitchum stopped Norman in mid-flow and in his typical nonchalant

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texts:
 style, said, "Look, I have two kinds of acting.One on a horse and one off a horse. That's it." He had also succeeded in annoying some of his fellow actors by voicing his puzzlement at those who viewed the profession as challenging and hard work. He is quoted as having said in the Norman interview that acting was actually very simple and that his job was to "show up on time, know his lines, hit his marks, and go home". <mask> had a habit of marking most of his appearances in the script with the letters "n.a.r. ", which meant "no action required", and also possessed a photographic memory that allowed him to remember lines with relative ease. <mask>'s subtle and understated acting style often garnered him criticism of sleepwalking through his performances.The directors who worked with him however had nothing but praise for him. Charles Laughton, who directed him in The Night of the Hunter, considered <mask> to be one of the best actors in the world and believed that he would have been the greatest Macbeth. John Huston felt that Mitchum was on the same pedestal of actors like Marlon Brando, Richard Burton and Laurence Olivier. Howard Hawks praised Mitchum for being a hard worker, labeling the actor a "fraud" for pretending to not care about acting. <mask> Niro, Clint Eastwood, Michael Madsen and Mark Rylance have cited <mask> as one of their favorite actors. AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars lists <mask> as the 23rd-greatest male star of classic Hollywood cinema. AFI also recognized his performances as the menacing rapist Max Cady and Reverend Harry Powell as the 28th and 29th greatest screen villains of all time as part of AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains.He provided the voice of the famous American Beef Council commercials that touted "Beef ... it's what's for dinner", from 1992 until his death. A "Mitchum's Steakhouse" operated in Trappe, Maryland, where <mask> and his family lived from 1959 to 1965. Documentaries
 2017 : James Stewart/<mask>: The Two

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texts:
 Faces of America directed by Gregory Monro

Filmography

References

Citations

General sources

 <mask>, John. Them Ornery Mitchum Boys: The Adventures of <mask> and <mask>. Pacifica, California: Creatures at Large, 1989. .
 Olson, James and <mask>. John Wayne: American. Lincoln, Nebraska: Bison Books, 1997. .
 O'Steen, Sam.Cut to the Chase: Forty-Five Years of Editing America's Favorite Movies. Los Angeles: Michael Wiese Productions, 2002. .
 <mask>, Jerry. <mask>: In His Own Words. New York: Limelight Editions, 2000. .
 Server, Lee. <mask>: "Baby, I Don't Care". New York: St Martin's Press, 2001. .
 Sound, Owen. TCM Film Guide: Leading Men: The 50 Most Unforgettable Actors of the Studio Era.San Francisco, California: Chronicle Books, 2006. .
 Tomkies, Mike. The <mask>um Story: "It Sure Beats Working". New York: Ballantine Books, 1972. . External links

 Profile at Turner Classic Movies
 Photographs and literature

1917 births
1997 deaths
20th Century Fox contract players
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American memoirists
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American singers
American country singer-songwriters
American male composers
American male film actors
American male poets
American Methodists
American baritones
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
American people of Norwegian descent
California Republicans
Capitol Records artists
Cecil B. DeMille Award Golden Globe winners
Civilian Conservation Corps people
Combat medics
Connecticut Republicans
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths from emphysema
Deaths from lung cancer
Haaren High School alumni
Male actors from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Male Western (genre) film actors
Military personnel from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Military personnel from Connecticut
Mitchum family
Monument Records artists
Overturned convictions in the United States
People from Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan
RKO Pictures contract players
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States

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John Mitchum
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Roberts
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Robert Mitch


title: Robert de Bethune

texts:
<mask> (died 1148) was a medieval Bishop of Hereford. From a knightly family, he became a teacher before becoming a canon by 1115. He was elected prior of Llanthony Priory in the middle 1120s, and was named bishop by King Henry I of England in 1130. As bishop, he was often appointed a judge by the papacy, and was known for the care he took of his diocese. After Henry's death in 1135, Bethune first supported King Stephen, who seized the throne from Henry's heiress the Empress Matilda, but when Matilda's forces captured Stephen, Bethune switched sides to support Matilda. When Matilda did not secure the throne, Bethune once more switched back to supporting Stephen. Construction of Hereford Cathedral was completed under Bethune's episcopate, and consecrated in 1142 and 1148.Stephen appointed Bethune as one of the English bishops that the king allowed to attend the Council of Reims in 1148, and Bethune died there in April 1148. A hagiography is the only surviving evidence of Bethune's cathedral chapter's attempts to promote him as a saint. Early life
Bethune was the youngest son of a knight, and was at first educated by his eldest brother, who was named Gunfrid and was a schoolmaster. Although the medieval chronicler <mask> Torigni describes Bethune as Flemish, Bethune's medieval biographer, William of Wycombe says that he and Bethune grew up in neighbouring villages in Buckinghamshire. It thus is likely that Bethune was born near Wingrave, Buckinghamshire, to a family descended from Flemish settlers. He was a schoolmaster in England, teaching elementary subjects, before he went to study theology under William of Champeaux and Anselm of Laon. He was a canon of Llanthony Priory before 1115, and was elected prior of that house in the

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title: Robert de Bethune

texts:
 middle 1120s.Before becoming prior, he was entrusted with establishing a cell of the priory at Weobley, which had been established by <mask> Lacy shortly before Lacy's death around 1115. Bishop of Hereford

The see of Hereford had been vacant since 1127, and in 1130, King Henry I of England took the advice of the local magnates and nominated Bethune to the see. Bethune's diocesan bishop as prior, Urban, the Bishop of Llandaff, at first refused permission for Bethune's elevation. However, the archbishop of Canterbury, William of Corbeil, advised that the matter be referred to the papacy. Pope Innocent II ordered that Bethune be allowed to accept the see of Hereford in 1131. He was consecrated on 28 June 1131 at Rochester. In nominating Bethune, the king is said to have felt that he needed one "godly bishop" around.Most of Henry's bishops were given their sees as rewards for royal service, and were not particularly noted for piety. Bethune was known as a strict Augustinian canon, a priest living a monastic life but not a monk. Bethune was often appointed a judge delegate by the papacy to try cases and disputes, which had been referred back to England by the popes. The historian David Knowles said of Bethune that he was a man of wide outlook, with a great desire for reform. He was praised by contemporaries for the care with which he selected men to serve as clergy in his diocese. He also held synods in his diocese, including two during the first year of his episcopate. Stephen's reign

After the accession of King Stephen of England, Bethune supported Stephen and was often at his court.Stephen had seized the throne at King Henry's death, depriving Henry's surviving legitimate daughter and heiress, Matilda, of the throne. Matilda is


title: Robert de Bethune

texts: usually known as the "Empress" because of her first marriage to the German Emperor Henry V, who died in 1125. Bethune accompanied Thurstan, the Archbishop of York, when Thurstan secured a truce between Stephen and the King of Scots, David shortly after the Battle of the Standard in 1138. When the Empress Matilda landed in England in September 1139 in pursuit of the throne, one of the local magnates of Hereford, Miles of Gloucester supported Matilda, while Bethune continued to support Stephen. Miles' hostility drove Bethune from his diocese, and Miles was in control of Hereford in 1140, leaving Bethune to perform his episcopal duties in Shropshire. During this time, Bethune assisted Theobald of Bec, the new Archbishop of Canterbury, in consecrating Maurice as Bishop of Bangor. Bethune had earlier persuaded the bishop-elect to swear fealty to King Stephen, after Maurice had originally refused.<mask>'s standing as a bishop known for his piety and independence of the king helped persuade Maurice that the homage was canonical. Sometime after Stephen was captured by the Empress' forces in 1141, <mask> switched sides, and he was with the Empress Matilda at Winchester on 4 March 1141, when Matilda claimed the throne of England. He also was present at the council that proclaimed Matilda "lady of the English" shortly thereafter. His diocese of Hereford was in the center of the lands that Matilda controlled, and he was one of the few bishops who was often in Matilda's court. However, Matilda was never crowned, being driven from London before her planned coronation could take place. One of her chief supporters was captured in late 1141, and to secure his release, Matilda released Stephen from captivity, thus prolonging the conflict.

masks: Bethune Bethune


title: Robert de Bethune

texts: Between 1142 and 1148, England was in a state of civil war, with parts of the country supporting Matilda and parts supporting Stephen.Welsh raids at the beginning of Stephen's reign had driven Bethune's former canons from Llanthony and the bishop gave them refuge at Hereford before establishing them at a new site near Gloucester. The land the canons were settled on had belonged to the diocese, and this led Bethune into conflict with his cathedral chapter, led by their dean, Ralph. Bethune was forced to travel to Pisa to secure an order from Innocent II declaring that the chapter obey their bishop. Around 1142, Bethune was involved with a conflict with Miles of Gloucester, who was now the Earl of Hereford, which led to the bishop excommunicating Miles and all the inhabitants of the city of Hereford, and "had the doors of the church blocked with thorns and the crosses taken down and placed on the ground". This dispute arose over an attempt by Miles to tax the churches in his earldom, which Bethune regarded as unlawful. Miles died in 1143 which ended the dispute over the taxes. Also after his death Bethune was free to leave Empress' faction and thus returned to supporting Stephen.In 1142, Hereford Cathedral, which had begun under <mask> Losinga around 1079, was finally ready for consecration. The work was finally completed in 1148, and it was once consecrated in that year. The year 1148 also saw the departure of Matilda from England, as her support had dwindled over the previous few years and Stephen was able to secure control of most of England. He was never able to completely remove Matilda's supporters, however. King Stephen gave permission for some of England's bishops, including <mask>, to attend the Council of Reims in 1148.

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title: Robert de Bethune

texts:
 Stephen had expelled the papal legates, or representatives, who arrived in England to summon the bishops to Reims, and after that appointed three of the bishops as representatives of the English Church. These three, <mask>, Hilary of Chichester, and <mask> Turbeville, were allowed to attend the council.Theobald of Bec was expressly forbidden to attend, but he managed to evade those watching him and arrived in Reims along with his clerk, Thomas Becket. Death and legacy

Bethune died on 16 April 1148 at Reims just after the close of the Council of Reims. As his corpse returned to Hereford, miracles were alleged to have taken place along its route. He was buried in Hereford Cathedral. Bethune's episcopal acta, or his decisions and other documents relating to his episcopal career, have been published in the English Episcopal Acta series, in the volume relating to the diocese of Hereford. A medieval catalogue of works at Llanthony Priory also recorded that they owned a collection of letters by Bethune, but this has not survived. A Life, or hagiography, giving his life and miracles, was written about him, by one of the Bethune's canons, William of Wycombe.It contains few details of <mask>'s life itself. Instead, it is an attempt by his canons to secure sainthood for <mask>. Although the life describes miracles that took place at <mask>'s tomb, no evidence survives of a formal cult being developed, and he was never canonised. The historian Avram Saltman called him "the model bishop of his time", because of his care for his diocese and his abilities. Notes

Citations

References

Bishops of Hereford
12th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
1148 deaths
Burials at Hereford Cathedral
Year of birth

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Bethune
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title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts:
<mask>  (born 16 November 1953) is a Welsh comedian, writer, actor, and television presenter. He starred in a number of television series with his comedy partner, Mel Smith. <mask> came to national attention in the 1980s for his work in the BBC television comedy sketch shows Not the Nine O'Clock News and Alas Smith and Jones. With Smith, he co-founded the television production company Talkback Productions, now part of RTL Group and later in 2005, he established the production company Modern Television. <mask> developed a career as a television presenter and writer, as well as continuing with acting work. From 2008 to 2016, he presented the television bloopers show It'll be Alright on the Night for ITV, having replaced Denis Norden, who hosted the show for almost 30 years. <mask> was himself succeeded in 2018 by David Walliams.Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on 16 November 1953 in Cardiff, the son of Gwynneth Margaret (née <mask>) and Elwyn <mask>, a medical doctor. His family moved due to his father's occupation to West Sussex when <mask> was six months old. <mask> attended Conifers Primary School in Midhurst, West Sussex, junior school in Epping, Essex, and Brentwood School, also in Essex. After a short spell working as a petrol pump attendant, <mask> gained a gap year job on the P&O ship Uganda, working for a company organising school trips. In his autobiography, Semi-Detached, he describes how he was charged with helping to look after 600 Canadian schoolgirls, followed by a similar number of younger Scottish schoolchildren, and refers to the experience as being like "St Trinians at sea". He wrote to eight of the Canadians afterwards. <mask> initially read History, later

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title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts:
 changing to English, at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, graduating with a 2:1.Career

After Cambridge, <mask> then joined BBC Radio Light Entertainment as a trainee producer, with his responsibilities including the satirical show Week Ending and Brain of Britain. An evening planned to spend watching his hero Frankie Howerd at the invitation of friends Clive Anderson and Rory McGrath, who were writing the show at the time, resulted in <mask> replacing the show's producer, who had suffered from a stress-related illness from dealing with the comedian. He later produced Rowan Atkinson's show The Atkinson People for the BBC and appeared twice on Whose Line Is It Anyway? <mask> filled in several minor roles in the first series of Not the Nine O'Clock News, and was brought in as a regular cast member from the second series onwards, replacing Chris Langham. <mask> says that the reason he got the part was not due to his appearance in the initial shows, or his talent, but because producer John Lloyd was dating his sister at the time. <mask> became a regular from the commissioned second series. <mask> was awarded the Laurence Olivier Theatre Award in 1984 (1983 season) for Best Comedy Performance in Charley's Aunt and in 1994 (1993 season) for Best Comedy Performance for his performance in An Absolute Turkey.He also played Toad in The Wind in the Willows at the National Theatre in 1990, as well as a number of other theatre roles. He provided the voices on the series of short cartoons Funnybones, for which he also sang the theme tune. <mask> has continued his acting career, being cast in Casualty and Agatha Christie's Marple as well as starring in Russell T Davies' drama series Mine All Mine on ITV.

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title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts:
 It'll be Alright on the Night returned with <mask> as the new presenter, taking over from Denis Norden. The first programme with <mask> as host aired in 2008. In January 2012, <mask> returned to sketch comedy at the BBC alongside "some of the biggest names in TV", including Hugh Bonneville, Tom Hollander and Larry Lamb, for one of a three episode series in which comedy legends take to the stage for a mix of stand-up and sketches. It also featured a special guest appearance by former comedy partner Mel Smith in a new Head to Head sketch, referring many times to it having been 16 years since their last.Partnership with Mel Smith

After Not the Nine O'Clock News, Mel Smith and <mask> decided to create and write more material together, and to found a management company. From 1984, Smith and <mask> appeared in the comedy sketch series Alas Smith and Jones (the show's title being a pun on the American television series Alias Smith and Jones). After the first series, the two men appeared on the in Mike Hodges' science fiction comedy movie Morons from Outer Space and then in 1989, the London Weekend Television production Wilt. Smith and <mask> were reunited in March 2005, for a Comic Relief sketch, which led to a revival of their previous television series in The Smith and Jones Sketchbook, recorded that same year but aired over twelve months later. Their final television appearance together was a Head To Head routine for the special of 2012 The One Griff Rhys-Jones. When Smith died in the summer of 2013, <mask> wrote a piece about his comedy partner in the Radio Times, saying it was "sheer bliss" to perform with Smith. Production companies
In 1981, <mask> along with Mel Smith founded Talkback, a

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 production company which produced many British comedy series, including Smack the Pony, Da Ali G Show, I'm Alan Partridge, They Think It's All Over, QI and Big Train.They eventually sold the company to Pearson for £62 million. In 2005, <mask> created his own production company Modern Television, which has since made a number of productions with <mask> as presenter and executive producer. In May 2014, <mask> was executive producer on his production company's debut BBC drama A Poet in New York starring Tom Hollander as Dylan Thomas. Documentaries
<mask> has developed a career as a television presenter, beginning as the co-host on several Comic Relief programmes. He presented Bookworm from 1994 to 2000, was the presenter of the BBC's Restoration programme and has undertaken fundraising work for the Hackney Empire theatre conservation project. In 2004, he led a demonstration at the Senate House in Cambridge University for the purpose of saving architecture as a degree in Cambridge. Since 2006, <mask> has appeared in the BBC's Three Men in a Boat series, alongside Dara Ó Briain and Rory McGrath.The series has included the trio rowing the River Thames, as in the 1889 novel, sailing from London to the Isle of Wight for a sailing boat race, borrowing numerous vessels to make their way from Plymouth to the Isles of Scilly. In later adventures, the three men took to the Irish Canals and Rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick (Dara's Greyhound Snip Nua also tagged along for the trip), went to Scotland, and sailed along the Balkan coast ending up in Venice for a gondola race. His documentary series Mountain, for which he climbed 15 British peaks during 2006, was broadcast on BBC One 29 July–26

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title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts: August 2007. <mask> visited his mother's home town in Ferndale, Rhondda Cynon Taff for an episode of the BBC One series Who Do You Think You Are?, broadcast on 20 September 2007. In the episode, he detailed early memories and stories of his grandparents' fruit and vegetable shop on the high street and his mother's childhood concert performances at Trerhondda Chapel. He presented a documentary series with 5 episodes A Pembrokeshire Farm which was broadcast on BBC4 in July/August 2007. Two years later he presented another 5 episode documentary series Return to a Pembrokeshire Farm which was broadcast on BBC4 in September/ October 2009.Both series concerned the renovation of a farm in Pembrokeshire which <mask> had purchased with a view to restoring them. He presented a seasonal documentary, Charles Dickens and the Invention of Christmas, which was broadcast on 23 December 2007 on BBC One. <mask> fronted Greatest Cities of the World, which saw him visiting a different city each week. The first series, featuring London, New York City and Paris, aired on primetime ITV in October 2008. A second series featuring Rome, Sydney and Hong Kong was broadcast in April and May 2010. <mask> has created and presented programmes about Arthur Ransome, Thomas Hardy, John Betjeman and Rudyard Kipling. During July to August 2009, <mask> presented the BBC programme Rivers with <mask> <mask>.which featured on the cover of Radio Times. In 2010, <mask> presented a programme called The Prince's Welsh Village that featured Prince Charles. In 2011, he presented the series Hidden Treasures of Art, which examined the art of Australia, India and Africa over the course of three episodes. Britain's Lost Routes with <mask>

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title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts:
 <mask> was broadcast on BBC One from 30 May to 20 June 2012. The show looked at lesser known routes around Great Britain. On 29 April 2012, <mask> guest presented an episode of Perspectives on ITV, his chosen subject being Wind in the Willows. In 2013, <mask> presented a documentary about his father's service as a medical officer with the Gold Coast Regiment and the war in Burma, Burma, My Father and the Forgotten Army, was broadcast on BBC Two on 7 July.In 2014, <mask> fronted an eight-part ITV documentary series entitled A Great Welsh Adventure with <mask> <mask>. From 10 April 2015, he introduced a five-part documentary series for ITV, Slow Train Through Africa, taking in life on and off trains from Morocco to South Africa, by way of Algeria, Tunisia, Kenya and Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Namibia. In December 2015, it was announced that <mask> would present <mask>'s Great Britain, a new eight-part series for ITV. The show began airing in January 2016. Radio
In 2002, <mask> starred in a series of adaptations of comedic stories by Nikolai Gogol broadcast on BBC Radio 4 (subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra) under the umbrella title of Three Ivans, Two Aunts and an Overcoat. Stage
<mask> won Olivier awards for best comedy performance in Charley's Aunt (1984) and An Absolute Turkey (1994), and appeared at the National Theatre as Toad in The Wind in the Willows in 1990. He starred as Fagin in Cameron Mackintosh's production of Oliver!in London's West End from 14 December 2009 until 8 January 2011. Writing
<mask> has written or co-written many of the programmes he has appeared in, and many spin-off books. In 2002, he began writing a book called To the Baltic with

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title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts:
 Bob, describing his adventures on the high seas with his sailing friend Bob, as they make their way to Saint Petersburg, port by port.The book was published in 2003, with <mask> saying of the experience: "As a child you go out and play and you lose all track of time and space. It's harder and harder to attain that blissful state of absorption as you get older. I did a six-month sailing trip to St Petersburg with some mates just to get it back." His early life has been captured in his autobiography, Semi-Detached, published in 2006 by Penguin Books. His book to accompany the BBC One series Mountain was published in July 2007.Other work
During 1999 to 2001, <mask> featured in television adverts for the Vauxhall range of cars, as a "boffin". In April 2001, he was dismissed by Vauxhall, after an embarrassing advert for the Vauxhall VX220. He officially signed the deal in May 1999. <mask> provided the voice over for Brentwood School's 450th anniversary DVD, reading a script written by fellow Old Brentwoodian Jonathan Ruffle. <mask> became President of The Victorian Society in February 2018, in succession to Asa Briggs, following a period as Vice President from 2009, and has participated in media campaigns for the society. Since 2007, he has been a Vice-President of the River Stour Trust, a registered charity led by volunteers who are dedicated to the restoration and conservation of the River Stour Navigation for the benefit and enjoyment of the public. In June 2008, it was announced that <mask> was to become the President of Civic Voice, the nationwide charity that campaigns for better places in the built and green environment.In August 2014, <mask> was one of 200 public figures who were

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title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts:
 signatories to a letter to The Guardian expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's referendum on that issue. Personal life
<mask> met his wife, Jo, a graphic designer, while working at the BBC. He has described their first meeting by saying: "The day we met, I was semi naked and she was throwing water over me." The couple have two children, and live between homes in London (previously in Islington, now in a Grade I listed house in London's Fitzrovia in the West End) and Holbrook in Suffolk. <mask> owned Undina, the , fifty-year-old wooden sailing yacht which was used in Three Men in Another Boat; he spent £500,000 on her restoration and in 2013 stated she was for sale for £195,000, "probably less". Around 2011, he bought a 1948  wooden yacht, Argyll, which he races at regattas, including the Fastnet Race. He and Jo are keen gardeners, and he discussed their extensive garden in an October 2015 episode of Gardeners' World, part of which was filmed there.A former heavy drinker, <mask> is a teetotaller: "I don't drink so going to a party can become very tedious. By about 11 o'clock, everybody goes to another planet and you're not there with them, so I tend to avoid that sort of thing." He started running as a leisure pursuit in his early forties. In 2008, he presented two programmes called Losing It which were shown on BBC Two, in which he discussed his own problems with anger management. An active conservationist, <mask> is the president of Civic Voice, the national organisation representing Britain's civic societies. He also owns a small pack of alpacas. A resident of East Anglia, <mask> was awarded an honorary degree by the University


title: Griff Rhys Jones

texts:
 of East Anglia in 2002.He was awarded honorary degrees by the University of Glamorgan, the University of Essex and an honorary D.Litt from Anglia Ruskin University. He is also a Fellow of the Royal Welsh College of Music and Drama, the Royal Society of Arts, and an Honorary Fellow of his alma mater, Emmanuel College, Cambridge. In 2009 he was honoured by his father's former university, the University of Wales College of Medicine (now part of Cardiff University). <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to the National Civic Society Movement, charity and entertainment. Filmography

References

External links

 TLS editor Peter Stothard remembers his schooldays with <mask> <mask> – Official website
Griff Rhys Jones Myspace appreciation group
 <mask> <mask> – Vice President, River Stour Trust

1953 births
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
BBC radio producers
Welsh comedy writers
Welsh male film actors
Welsh male television actors
Welsh television presenters
Welsh television writers
Living people
People educated at Brentwood School, Essex
People from Babergh
Mass media people from Cardiff
Welsh male comedians
Laurence Olivier Award winners
British male television writers
Officers of the Order of the British

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title: Włodzimierz Klonowski

texts:
<mask> (1945 – April 4, 2020) was a Polish biomedical physicist who worked in the field of biological engineering. Life and career
<mask> was born in Moscow, where his parents briefly lived at the end of World War II, on their way back from a Bashkir village in the Ural Mountains, where they had been displaced after the Soviet invasion of Poland in September 1939. He was born on the Stary (Old) Arbat Street, where the name stone in his honour has been put close to the fountain (the former Grauerman maternity hospital has now official address 7 New Arbat). His father, <mask>, was a specialist in Polish studies. His mother, Gabriela Pauszer-Klonowska, was a novelist. <mask> lived in Warsaw from 1946 until martial law was introduced in Poland in 1981. He obtained his M.Sc.in Physics from the University of Warsaw in 1968 with specializations in Biophysics. Then he worked for several years at the Institute of Basic Technological Research Polish Academy of Sciences on theory of networks and of sol-gel transitions in macromolecular systems. He obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from the Institute of Physics Polish Academy of Sciences in 1973. Then he worked on theory of intracranial pressure at the Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences. From there he left with his family to become professor in physics and biophysics at the University of Kinshasa, Kongo (then Zaïre, French-speaking), where he was caught by the martial law in Poland. He was a fellow at the Max Planck Institute of Biophysical Chemistry in Goettingen, Germany (1982–1984) and then with German Fremdenpass, because Polish People Republic refused to give him a valid passport, he moved as a visiting professor to Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA

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title: Włodzimierz Klonowski

texts: (1984–1986). In 1986 <mask> decided to emigrate officially to Canada where he has worked at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, and then moved to Halifax, NS, where he established a small computer consulting and tutoring firm.While working in Göttingen <mask> wrote his habilitation thesis on the theory formation of supramolecular structures in (bio)polymer systems and submitted it to Humboldt University, Berlin (then DDR), since it was recognized in the West as being German and in the East as being socialistic. Only in 1990 after obtaining his Canadian citizenship could he go to Berlin for the colloquium. After reunification of Germany, his Dr.sc.nat. degree in Theoretical Biophysics was officially declared by a special lustrating commission of the new Scientific Council to be equivalent to German habilitation, and then it was recognized in Poland in 1994. <mask> returned to Poland at the end of 1994 and in 1995 he joined the Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences where he served as the Head of the Laboratory of Biosignal Analysis Fundamentals. His scientific work had an interdisciplinary character. His monograph "Probabilistic Theory of Crosslinked Macromolecular Systems with Applications in Chemical Physics and Biophysics" (Books on Demand, University Microfilms International, Ann Arbor and London, 1984) is still to be purchased through Internet book stores e.g.AbeBooks.de  and is assessed to be ‘Bewertung’. A molecular informational structure was named after him - Klonowski-Klonowska conformon (term proposed by S.Ji  in the book ‘Molecular Theories of Cell Life and Death’, S.Ji, ed. Rutgers Univ. Press, 1991). His scientific interests extend from systems biology (The Metaphor of  'Chaos',

masks: Klonowski Klonowski Klonowski


title: Włodzimierz Klonowski

texts: in: Systems Biology: Principles, Methods, and Concepts, A. K. Konopka, Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2006), through neuropsychology to philosophy of complexity and consciousness. He served as the editor of series Frontiers of Nonlinear Dynamics (Pabst Science Publisher, Lengerich, Berlin: Attractors, Signals, and Synergetics (2002); From Quanta to Societies (2003), Simplicity behind Complexity (2004)). He has also been actively involved in popularization of science – the edition of 19,500 copies of his book Tajemnice Biofizyki (Mysteries of Biophysics), Warsaw, 1981, sold out in a few months.<mask> wrote features for newspapers, in Poland and in Canada, and he was also a candidate to the House of Commons of Canada for the Green Party of Canada. in 1992. He was also an expert of the Polish Chamber of Ecology. For cooperation with Medical Doctors he obtained in 2000 Honorary 50. Anniversary Medal conferred by the Rector of the Medical University of Warsaw and in 2004 he was awarded Golden Cross of Merit conferred by the President of the Republic of Poland. <mask> was actively involved in international scientific cooperation. He was the founder and the coordinator of the European Interdisciplinary Schools on Nonlinear Dynamics for System and Signal Analysis EUROATTRACTOR (Framework Programme 5. of the European Community, 2000–2002).In FP 6. he sat on physics panels as an individual expert for Marie Curie and NEST Actions of the European Community and served as the leader of the Group of Biosignal Analysis Fundamentals  (GBAF, Medical Research Center Polish Academy of Sciences) in IST Integrated Project SENSATION (2004–2007). He also represented Poland on the Management Committees of three COST Actions – ENOC (where he also served as the chair

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title: Włodzimierz Klonowski

texts:
 of the Theoretical Working Group), NEUROMATH, and BM0605. He was active in scientific societies. In 1969 he founded the Biophysical Section of the Polish Physical Society, Warsaw Division, and then he was a co-founder and the President (1973–1979) of the Warsaw Division of the Polish Biophysical Society. He was a member of the New York Academy of Sciences, SIGMA XI - The Scientific Research Society, Smithsonian Associates, European Physical Society, American Physical Society, American Biophysical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Society for Mathematical Biology, European Society for Engineering and Medicine, International Society of Bioelectromagnetism, American Association of University Professors. In 1991–2000 he served as an Associate Editor of IPCT – Interpersonal Computing and Technology, Electronic Journal for the 21st Century, one of the first if not the very first internet journal. In 2007 he founded (Founding Editor), a new open access journal Nonlinear Biomedical Physics (BioMed Central, London) and served as an editor-in-chief of this journal.In 2016, <mask> initiated and co-signed an unprecedented letter addressed to one of departments of the Military University of Technology in Warsaw, in which he asked to take away the Ph.D. degree awarded by the department to Maciej Lasek, a former chief of the State Commission on Aircraft Accidents Investigation. His biograms may be found in several ‘Who’s Who’s, like Kto jest kim w Polsce (‘Who’s Who in Poland’, Ed. IV, PAI, Warsaw, 2001). References

External links
 Wlodzimierz Klonowski Home Page
  Group of Biosignal Analysis Fundamentals Site
 Nonlinear Biomedical Physics Journal

1945 births
2020 deaths
20th-century Polish physicists
Polish emigrants to


title: Steve Rothman

texts:
<mask> (born October 14, 1952) is an American former jurist and politician who served as the U.S. representative for New Jersey's 9th congressional district, serving for 16 years from January 3, 1997, to January 3, 2013. Rothman was a member of the House Appropriations Committee, and also served on the House Judiciary, Foreign Affairs, and Science and Technology Committees. Prior to his election to the U.S Congress, Rothman also served as the elected Bergen County Surrogate Court Judge, and the two-term Mayor of the City of Englewood, New Jersey. After the December 23, 2011 Congressional redistricting was announced, Rothman competed in a Democratic Primary to continue to represent the redrawn NJ-9. He was defeated on June 5, 2012, in a primary election by fellow incumbent Bill Pascrell (formerly the Congressman for NJ-8). Early life, education and pre-congressional career

Early life and education
<mask> was born on October 14, 1952, in Englewood, New Jersey, to Philip and <mask>; he and his twin Arthur joined an older sister Susan. <mask> attended the Roosevelt Public Elementary School in Englewood until the fifth grade when the family moved to nearby Tenafly, where he completed his education in the Tenafly Public School System.Rothman graduated in 1970 from Tenafly High School, where he was senior class president, Best School Citizen, was first clarinet, first chair in the Tenafly High School Orchestra, was a member of the Tenafly High School Madrigal Singers, played the lead in Tenafly High School's drama Twelve Angry Men, wrestled, played soccer and tennis. He was a freestyle and backstroke swimmer in a New Jersey Jewish Community Center swim league and completed his Water Safety

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title: Steve Rothman

texts: Instructor Certificate in 1971. In his senior year in high school, Rothman became the chair of the 18-Year-Old Vote Campaign for Tenafly, New Jersey, seeking to secure the New Jersey legislature's support for the proposed 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ensuring 18-year-old U.S. citizens the right to vote. In 1974 he earned a B.A. Degree from Syracuse University, where he majored in political philosophy. In 1972 he was selected by a student-faculty-administrator search committee to serve on the University's student supreme court (University Judicial Board) for his sophomore, junior and senior years. He was elected Chief Justice of the UJB by its members for 1973-74.While at Syracuse, Rothman was lead singer in a folk-rock music group named "Sweet Rock." From 1974 to 1977 Rothman attended the Washington University School of Law in St. Louis, Missouri, where he was awarded a Juris Doctor degree in 1977. In each of his three years at law school, Rothman was a High School Law Project member, teaching a course he wrote on the "U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights" to urban and suburban high school students in the St. Louis City and Metropolitan area. In 1975, Rothman won the "Best Oralist" Award in the Washington University School of Law Moot Court Competition. In 1976, <mask> and his partner Gerald Kline placed first among twelve teams representing six law schools at the Eighth Circuit Regional Moot Court Regional Competition in Rapid City, South Dakota, also winning "Best Brief." <mask> was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1977 and became a practicing New Jersey Attorney. In 1982, he was admitted to practice law also in New York.In 1984 he was admitted to practice law before

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title: Steve Rothman

texts:
 the U.S. Supreme Court. Early career
Rothman started his legal career as a trial associate at the firm of Miller, Hochman, Myerson and Schaeffer in Jersey City, New Jersey in 1977. In January 1980, he started his own firm for the general practice law in Englewood in a two-room office over a barber shop on Depot Square. In 1977, Rothman moved his residence from Tenafly to Englewood. Rothman became active in Englewood community affairs, serving as President of the Scarborough Manor Tenants' Association, where he performed pro bono legal services for the poor and elderly faced with eviction following condominium conversion. He also was the co-founder of the Englewood Hispanic Lion's Club and a member of the United Jewish Community of Bergen County and member of the Board of Governors of the Jewish Community Center on the Palisades. Politically, he was Campaign Coordinator for various Englewood City Council-member races as well as a member of the Englewood Democratic Club, the Englewood Democratic Municipal Committee, the Bergen County Young Democrats, and the New Jersey Young Democrats.He held the office of Treasurer for the Bergen County Democratic Party, for State Senator Matthew Feldman, as well as for various Bergen County Democratic Freeholder (county legislature) campaigns. Englewood's mayor

In 1982, <mask> ran for and won the city's Democratic Party nomination to be Englewood's Mayor. <mask> was also endorsed by the Englewood Black Clergy Council and the Englewood Patrolman's Benevolent Association (the first time those two organizations had ever endorsed the same candidate for mayor). He won the Democratic Primary and the November 1982 General Elections. At his January 1983


title: Steve Rothman

texts:
 swearing in, he was 30 years old. Rothman served two terms from 1983 to 1989. He remains the youngest mayor in Englewood's history.<mask> served two terms as Englewood’s mayor, from 1983 to 1989. In 1992, he was elected as the Bergen County Surrogate Court judge and remained in this position until running for Congress in 1996. Libyan government buys Englewood property

In December 1982, just before the start of <mask>'s first mayoral term, the Libyan government bought a five-acre estate "on the hill" in Englewood. There was widespread community concern that Col. Mohmmar Kaddafi, an internationally  acknowledged terrorist and the dictator of Libya, a country with which the U.S. did not have diplomatic relations at the time, would take up part-time residence at the Englewood mansion and thus precipitate violent conflict in Englewood between his supporters and opponents. Just days before Rothman was to be sworn in as the new Mayor, one of Englewood's former mayors, The Reverend Walter Taylor, who was also the Minister of The 	Galilee United Methodist Church in Englewood and the President of the Englewood Black Clergy Council, held a press conference at the United Nations Press Club and 	denounced "self-styled Zionists" who were seeking to keep Libyans out of Englewood. Taylor described this as a "question of Jewish influence." The next night, at the January 1983 Mayor and Council Reorganization Meeting, the other 	leaders of the Englewood Black Clergy Council denounced Taylor, and the Englewood 	Black Clergy Council appeared at the meeting to publicly disassociate themselves from Taylor's comments.After he was sworn in, <mask> went to Washington, D.C. to lobby the Reagan State

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title: Steve Rothman

texts:
 Department to use the newly enacted "Foreign Missions Act" to restrict the use of the 	estate to the Libyan Ambassador to the United Nations and his family. In June 1983, the Foreign Missions Office of the State Department announced its decision to implement the "Act" by limiting use of the property to strictly residential and recreational purposes for the Ambassador and his immediate family. It forbade any other use of the estate by the Libyan government. In the summer of 2009, in advance of the U.N. General Assembly Meeting, it was 	discovered that Kaddafi was significantly renovating the Englewood mansion and 		grounds to be used as one of his homes. <mask>, at that time the U.S. Congressman for the 9th Congressional District of New Jersey, which included Englewood, worked 	with the Obama State Department to continue the 1983 conditions for the Libyan 	government's use of the Englewood estate. Renovations ceased and Kaddafi never set foot on the Englewood property.Other mayoral initiatives

In 1984, Rothman led the effort to save the regional Community Mental 	Health Organization (CMHO), a state and county-funded agency located in Englewood that served 180,000 people, disproportionately Englewood residents, in the area. He organized a successful fundraising effort by eleven Bergen County mayors after they had been notified that state and county support was being threatened by a $200,000 shortfall in CMHO accounting. Rothman helped the CMHO achieve sustained state and county support and promoted a change of private managers, making it part of another county mental health agency while it remained in the same 	Englewood building. May 19, 1985, Rothman was sworn in as the new


title: Steve Rothman

texts:
 President of the Bergen County 	Democratic Mayors Association. Rothman announced in 1988 that he would not seek a third term so that he could devote more time to family and his private law practice. Personal

Rothman and his first wife had two children, John and Karen. His subsequent marriage also ended in divorce.<mask> now resides in Englewood, NJ. Post-mayoral activities

<mask> continued his general practice of law in Englewood, expanding his offices and staff. In 1989, <mask> ran unsuccessfully as one of three Democratic candidates to fill three openings on the Bergen County Board of Chosen Freeholders (the county legislature). Bergen County was the largest county in New Jersey with 850,00 people. <mask> lost the election by less than 2,000 votes. In 1989, <mask> was appointed Chairman of the Jewish Community Relations Council of Northern New Jersey (JCRC). In 1991, Rothman hosted 500 Christians, Jews, Muslims, Bahais and Sikhs for the 5th Annual Brotherhood/Sisterhood Interfaith Breakfast, sponsored by the JCRC.In 1990 and 1991, Rothman served as Treasurer of the respective Bergen County Democratic Party Freeholder races. In 1990 and 1991, <mask> was also active in local affairs, joining the Wyckoff Democratic Municipal Committee and serving as its Chairman. During that time, he also served as Campaign Manager for Jack Van Horne for Wyckoff Township Council. He and his wife were also members of "Wyckoff Partners In Pride," a community beautification committee of volunteers. Bergen County Surrogate Court Judge

In 1992, Rothman ran for and was chosen by the Bergen County Democratic Party to be their candidate for the elected position of Bergen County Surrogate Court Judge.

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title: Steve Rothman

texts: Under New Jersey law, each of the state's twenty-one counties, including Bergen County (its most populous) is required to elect a Judge of the Surrogate's Court who is responsible,  among other duties, for the probating and administering of the estates of all that county's residents. Rothman won the General Election in November 1992, becoming the first attorney to serve in that position in the 148 years the position had been an elected one.During <mask>'s administration, he provided the Bergen County Surrogate's Office with uniformly modern computers, which enabled a 55% increase in cases processed while reducing the number of employees by 10% through attrition. He facilitated improved access to the public by adding office phone lines and making the public documents on file in the Surrogate's Court more available by computerizing indexes and expanding availability. As Surrogate, among other personnel changes, his first hire there was an Hispanic college graduate, the first Hispanic or Spanish-speaking member of the Bergen County Surrogate's Court in history. In March 1995, Rothman wrote and had published an 18-page booklet entitled "The Three Legal Documents Recommended For Every Bergen County Adult,"which dealt with the operations of the Bergen County Surrogate's Court, probate, self-proving wills, living wills, and durable powers of attorney. Approximately 23,000 booklets were published and distributed, in English and Spanish. Rothman conducted more than 100 seminars on wills, living wills, probate and powers of attorney, speaking directly to over 10, 000 Bergen County residents. Rothman also invested over $75 million in assets for minors who received settlements or judgments in


title: Steve Rothman

texts:
 Bergen County.During his three years in office, his federally-insured investments realized the highest rate of return of any surrogate in the state. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
In a district that was 90 percent non-Jewish, with no Jewish House members then representing New Jersey, <mask> was elected the first Jewish-American House member in the history of the Ninth Congressional District. He was reelected to that seat seven more times. In 1996, incumbent Democratic U.S. Representative Robert G.Torricelli of New Jersey's Ninth Congressional District decided to run for the United States Senate that 	was being vacated by Bill Bradley, creating a vacancy in the House seat. <mask> was encouraged by Democratic leaders and laypeople to run for the seat. However, 	the New Jersey Supreme Court required him to step down from his position as the Judge of the Bergen County Surrogate's Court in order to be a candidate.Thus, in January 1996, he resigned as Bergen County Surrogate to run for the 9th Congressional District House seat. In June 1996, <mask> prevailed in the  Democratic Party Primary to be their candidate in the General Election for Congress.1996: In the General Election, Rothman defeated Republican County Clerk and Chairperson of the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, Kathleen Donovan, 56.6%-42.2%, with two independent candidates taking up the remainder of the vote. 1998: <mask> won reelection to a second term, defeating Mayor <mask> of Bogota, New Jersey 64.6%-33.8%, with three independent candidates receiving less than 2% of the vote. 2000: won reelection to a third term, defeating Joseph Tedeschi 68%-30% with two Independent candidates receiving 2% of the

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title: Steve Rothman

texts:
 vote. 2002: won reelection to a fourth term, defeating Joseph Glass, 70%-30%. 2004: won reelection to a fifth term, defeating Edward Trawinski 67-32%, with the Libertarian candidate receiving 1% of the vote. 2006: won reelection to a sixth term, defeating Vincent Micco 71%-28%, with the Moderate Choice candidate receiving 1% of the vote. 2008: won reelection to a seventh term, defeating Vincent Micco 68-31% with 	the Independent/Progressive candidate garnering 1%.2010: won reelection to an eighth term, defeating Michael A. Agosta 61%-38%, with the Green Party candidate receiving 1%. 2012 primary
On December 23, 2011, the New Jersey Congressional Redistricting Committee, in compliance with the outcome of the 2010 U.S. Census and the requirements of federal law, consolidated New Jersey's then 13 House seats into 12 congressional districts. The half Democrat and half Republican Commission named Republican, John Farmer, Jr as its ‘tie-breaker. Farmer had previously held the roles of Chief Counsel and New Jersey Attorney General under Republican Governor Christine Todd Whitman. On 23 December 2012, the Commission chose a map advocated by Republican members, which combined New Jersey’s 8th and 9th Congressional Districts, represented by William Pascrell and <mask> respectively. It also created a new 5th Congressional District. At the time of the creation of this new map, Rothman held a 12-year tenure on the House Appropriations committee and Pascrell had a 6-year tenure on the House Ways and Means Committee.The Republican Plan chosen by the Redistricting Commission removed 7 of the largest Democratic vote-producing municipalities from the 9th Congressional District. It also moved the