title: Eliot Lewis

texts:
 include Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, John Bonham, Jack Bruce, Stevie Wonder, and Billy Preston. He also lists the late musician Tom Wolk as a personal influence. <mask> describes Wolk, longtime band member and musical director for Hall and Oates, as “an amazing person to be around, and not just a very nice guy, he was a masterful musician.”

Product Endorsements
<mask> is endorsed by Mérida Extrema Acoustic Guitars, Reverend Guitars and Hammond keyboards. Photography
Besides being an accomplished musician, <mask> is recognized as a talented photographer. He has documented his travels with Hall & Oates, shooting landscapes of places the band has played, backstage scenes, and portraits of band members and audiences. His work has been showcased in several New England galleries, and featured on album covers and in Hall & Oates’ promotional materials. <mask> became interested in photography as a teen and worked in a photo-processing lab before breaking into the music business.He shot occasionally while with AWB, but took up photography again in earnest when he joined Hall & Oates. In 2003, Hall invited <mask> to bring his camera to a video session for the duo's album Our Kind of Soul. <mask> took a few candid shots, one of which became the cover of the album. Since then, <mask> has taken photos for the band's promotional materials and shot the cover of Hall's 2010 solo release Laughing Down Crying. Brazil
In June 2014, <mask> gave his first international interview to Brazil, for the journalist Brina Guglielmo. The interview was given and published in the newspaper "Tribuna Popular," a local newspaper of the city of Pinhalzinho, São Paulo, Brazil. The White House
In March 2015, <mask> was in The White House with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama.In his own words: "This is definitely one of the highlights of my career. Thank you Daryl & John for giving me this experience and so happy to have shared it with this amazing

masks: Lewis Eliot Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: James Churchward

type: original

texts:
<mask> (27 February 1851 – 4 January 1936) was a British occult writer, inventor, engineer, and fisherman. <mask> is most notable for proposing the existence of a lost continent, called "Mu," in the Pacific Ocean. His writings on Mu are considered to be pseudoscience. <mask> was born in Bridestow, Okehampton, Devon at Stone House to Henry and Matilda (née Gould) <mask>. <mask> had four brothers and four sisters. In November 1854, Henry died and the family moved in with Matilda's parents in the hamlet of Kigbear, near Okehampton. Census records indicate the family next moved to London when <mask> was 18 after his grandfather George Gould died.He was the elder brother of the Masonic author <mask> (1852–1925). He was a tea planter in Sri Lanka before coming to the US in the 1890s. In <mask>' biography entitled My Friend Churchey and His Sunken Continent, he discussed Mu with Augustus Le Plongeon and his wife in the 1890s. He patented NCV (nickel, chrome, vanadium) Steel, which was used to manufacture armour plating to protect ships during World War I, and he developed other steel alloys. After a patent-infringement settlement in 1914, <mask> retired to his 7+ acre estate on Lake Wononskopomuc in Lakeville, Connecticut, to answer the questions from his Pacific travels. In 1926, at the age of 75, he published The Lost Continent of Mu: Motherland of Man, which he claimed proved the existence of a lost continent, called Mu, in the Pacific Ocean. Claims and hypothesis
According to <mask>, Mu "extended from somewhere north of Hawaii to the south as far as the Fijis and Easter Island."He claimed Mu was the site of the Garden of Eden and the home of 64,000,000 inhabitants – known as the Naacals. Its civilisation, which flourished 50,000 years before <mask>'s day, was technologically more advanced than his own, and the ancient civilisations of India, Babylon, Persia, Egypt and the Mayas were merely the decayed

masks:
James Churchward
Churchward
Life Churchward
Churchward
James
James
Albert Churchward
James
James
Churchward
Churchward


title: James Churchward

texts:
 remnants of its colonies. <mask> claimed to have gained his knowledge of this lost land after befriending an Indian priest, who taught him to read an ancient dead language (spoken by only three people in all of India). The priest disclosed the existence of several ancient tablets, written by the Naacals, and Churchward gained access to these records after overcoming the priest's initial reluctance. His knowledge remained incomplete, as the available tablets were mere fragments of a larger text, but Churchward claimed to have found verification and further information in the records of other ancient peoples. His writings attempt to describe the civilisation of Mu, its history, inhabitants, and influence on subsequent history and civilisation. Churchward claimed that the ancient Egyptian sun-god Ra originated with the Mu; he claimed that "Rah" was the word which the Naacals used for "sun" as well as for their god and rulers.Scientific rebuttal
Alfred Metraux undertook research on Easter Island in the 1930s, and in 1940 published a monograph on Easter Island which includes a rebuttal of the hypothesis that Easter Island was a remnant of a sunken continent. In the second half of the twentieth century, improvements in oceanography, in particular understanding of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics, have left little scientific basis for geologically recent lost continents such as Mu. Science writer Martin Gardner wrote that <mask>'s books contain geological and archaeological errors and are regarded by scholars as a hoax. The archaeologist Stephen Williams in Fantastic Archaeology (1991) described his writings as pseudoscience. Williams has written that his "translations are outrageous, his geology, in both mechanics and dating, is absurd, and his mishandling of archaeological data, as in the Valley of Mexico, is atrocious." Gordon Stein in Encyclopedia of Hoaxes (1993) has noted that <mask>'s claims

masks: Churchward Churchward Churchward


title: James Churchward

texts:
 have no scientific basis. According to Stein "it is difficult to assess whether <mask> really believed what he said about Mu, or whether he was knowingly writing fiction."Brian M. Fagan has written that Churchward's evidence for Mu was made from "personal testimonials, false translations, notably of tablets from Mesoamerica, and spurious reconstructions from archaeological and artistic remains. Although it has attracted some following, it has never received scholarly or scientific support." Popular culture
Churchward is mentioned in fiction in the short stories "Through the Gates of the Silver Key" by H. P. Lovecraft, "Out of the Aeons" by Lovecraft and Hazel Heald, and The Fitzgerald Contraction by Miles J. Breuer. Churchward and the lost island of Mu also appear in Philip K. Dick's Confessions of a Crap Artist. The British anarchist situationist band KLF, also known as the Justified Ancients of Mu Mu, often refer to Mu Mu land and were inspired by The Illuminatus! Trilogy, and much of their work was Discordian in nature. <mask>'s writings are a key influence for the plot of the anime series RahXephon.<mask>'s writings were satirised by occult writer Raymond Buckland in his novel Mu Revealed, written under the pseudonym "Tony Earll" (an anagram for "not really"). In <mask>' novel Deep Fathom, Churchward is the great-grandfather of character Karen Grace, who takes part in revealing the mystery of Mu. <mask>'s writings are used as a source for the following books and video games:

Lemuria and Atlantis: Studying the Past to Survive the Future by Shirley Andrews. Lost Cities of China, Central Asia & India by David Hatcher Childress
Lost Cities of Atlantis, Ancient Europe & the Mediterranean by David Hatcher Childress
Timeless Earth by Peter Kolosimo
The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story ever Sold by Acharya S
Suns of God: Krishna, Buddha, and Christ Unveiled by Acharya S
Mu, a comic book from the

masks:
Churchward
Churchward
Churchward
James Rollins
Churchward


title: James Churchward

texts:
 Corto Maltese series, by Hugo Pratt
The fantastical floating continent of Zeal from the Chrono Trigger Super NES video game by Square has several oblique references to a philosophy called "Nu". The lost continent of Mu in the Pacific Ocean on Earth is where the Ancients of planet Roak came from in the Star Ocean Super NES video game by Enix. The lost continent of Mu is referenced in Daniel Pinkwater's teen novel Alan Mendelsohn, Boy From Mars (1979). UK-based electronic music record-label Planet Mu has released three compilation albums with titles copied from <mask>'s own books: The Cosmic Forces of Mu (2001), Children of Mu (2004) and Sacred Symbols of Mu (2006).Works
 Fishing Among the 1,000 Islands of the St. Lawrence (1894)
 A Big Game and Fishing Guide to Northeastern Maine (1897)

Books about Mu
 The Lost Continent of Mu, the Motherland of Men (1926)
 The Children of Mu (1931)
 The Sacred Symbols of Mu (1933)
 Cosmic Forces of Mu (1934)
 Second Book of Cosmic Forces of Mu (1935)

Posthumous publications
 The Books of the Golden Age (written in 1927 but first published 1997)
 Copies of Stone Tablets Found by William Niven at Santiago Ahuizoctla Near Mexico City, a booklet of "thirty-some" pages, written in 1927 but first published in 2014 where it was included in the book The Stone Tablets of Mu by <mask>'s great-grandson <mask>

Footnotes

References

<mask>, J. (2007). The Lost Continent of Mu. Adventures Unlimited Press. https://archive.org/details/the-lost-continent-of-mu

External links

<mask>'s books and other works on Bibliotecapleyades
The Sacred Symbols of Mu, at sacred-texts.com
Website by great-grandson on <mask> and his theories of the Lost Continent of Mu
The Naacal Tablets and Theosophy. Jason Colavito. 1851 births
1936 deaths
People from Okehampton
New Age writers
Pseudohistorians
Planters of British Ceylon
20th-century English writers
20th-century English male writers
English

masks:
Churchward
James Churchward
Jack Churchward
Churchward
James Churchward
James Churchward


title: Sabi (singer)

texts:
Jenice Dena Portlock (born November 24, 1987), also known as <mask>, is an American pop singer, songwriter, dancer and actress from Los Angeles, California. She was formerly part of the hip hop girl group The Bangz. Biography

Early life and career beginnings

As a kid growing up in Inglewood, California, daughter of a Salvadoran mother and African American father, Sabi was raised in a bilingual Spanish and English language household and spent every other weekend watching MTV at her father's house after her parents split up. Her father had cable television and her mother didn't, so she and her sisters were glued to the screen watching music videos all day – she especially loved watching Michael Jackson, Prince, and Sade. That's when she gained her immense passion for singing and song writing and made the decision that she wanted to be a performer. "I remember watching the Michael Jackson: Moonwalker video over and over and trying to pick up Michael's moves", she once said in an interview. Sabi would also choreograph dance routines and marshal her younger sisters into performing them for the family.She got involved in theater in middle school and graduated from Westchester Senior High School in 2005. In 2008, she appeared in an independent short film called The Smallest River in Almirante, which was executive produced by actor Shia LaBeouf. She was cast in commercials for ABC Family, Universal Studios, and Pepsi while majoring in communications at California State University, Long Beach in 2009. All the while, Sabi continued to work on her vocal technique trying to imitate other singers. "No matter who it was, Justin Timberlake, Brandy, or Alicia Keys, I could


title: Sabi (singer)

texts:
 mimic exactly how they sounded. That's how I got comfortable with my voice." She began to write her own songs and record them on a voice recorder, but says that she really learned about the craft of songwriting after working with several producers that she had been introduced to through her then-manager.2009–10: The Bangz and group disbandment
In the summer of 2009, <mask> was approached by The Co-Stars, a production team who were looking to launch a female duo. Urban/pop group The Bangz, featuring <mask> and Korttney Ann Elliott (a.k.a. Ella Ann) got signed to the indie recording label VNR, Asylum Records and Warner Bros. Records. With a video that hit almost a million views on YouTube and two singles ("Boys With Tattoos (We Jerkin')" and "Found My Swag" featuring the New Boyz) released, the group was starting to get national radio play and MTV exposure. Shortly after, Ella Ann got seriously injured in a drive-by shooting and unable to continue, leaving Sabi to go on alone. She tried to continue without her; Sabi shot a video and did some performances on her own with back-up dancers, but no one felt the Bangz could continue without Ella, not even <mask> herself. The whole experience was an emotional rollercoaster for her.However, executives at Warner Bros. Records loved <mask>'s talent and energy and wanted to continue the label's relationship with her as a solo artist. 2011–present: Solo career
In April 2011, Sabi released her song "Goodnight" on the internet as a buzz single to be included on her debut album. Additionally, in 2011 <mask> was featured on Britney Spears' song "(Drop Dead) Beautiful" and the Cobra Starship single "You Make Me Feel...," which

masks: Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi Sabi


title: Sabi (singer)

texts: peaked at No. 7 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and topped the charts in New Zealand. She later accompanied Spears on Femme Fatale Tour and was featured on the tour's DVD release. She was also featured on the New Boyz' song "Tough Kids", from their album Too Cool to Care.Shortly after, she released the Cirkut-produced "Wild Heart" which was later recorded in Simlish for The Sims 3 video game. Her debut album, then titled "All I Want" was to feature production from Benny Blanco, Klas (from the Teddybears), Diplo, Ammo, The Cataracs and The Co-Stars and was due to be released via Dr. Luke's Kemosabe imprint and Warner Bros. Records. A video for "Wild Heart"' debuted on March 19, 2012. A brand new Dr. Luke and Cirkut-produced track "Where They Do That At?" featuring Wale premiered unexpectedly on April 17, 2012 on Spotify. The video for the song, directed by Tim Cruz, debuted on April 19, 2012, along with a behind-the-scenes video. <mask> was also announced to be host of her own web-series about fashion titled Found My Swag named for The Bangz's single.The series premiered on The Warner Sound, the YouTube channel belonging to <mask>'s record label Warner Brothers on November 1, 2012. In November 2012, Sabi released the Jakob Owens-directed video another new single, titled "Champagne". The song was produced by Crack For Kids. In August 2013, she released the Tyga-assisted "Cali Love", the lead single from her mixtape "0–60: Love Sounds" to be released later in 2013. Sabi released "Love Sounds", produced by Ryan McDermott in November 2013 and announced that the long-awaited mixtape "0 to 60: Love Sounds" would be released on November 13, 2013. On the eve of 0–60: Love

masks: Sabi Sabi


title: Sabi (singer)

texts:
 Sounds’s release, <mask> premiered a cover of Fleetwood Mac’s 1977 No. 1 single, "Dreams," a track included on her mixtape.The entire 11-song mixtape was released for free download via the site HotNewHipHop.com. After the release of the mixtape, Sabi parted ways with both Kemosabe and Warner Bros. Records and began recording music as an independent artist. In 2017, Sabi released "The One", a promotional single made available exclusively via her SoundCloud account. Following three years of radio silence, she returned to music on Valentine's Day 2020 and released "Ready", produced by Malcolm D. McDaniel. Unlike "The One", the single was released to most major streaming platforms and digital download services via BlakBurd Ent. and Empire Distribution. Later in 2020, she began hosting an Apple Music radio program titled, "Easy Hits Radio with <mask>", geared toward adult contemporary music.Discography

Mixtapes

Singles

Promotional singles
 Goodnight (2011)
 The One (2017)

Featured singles

Other appearances

Sabi's vocals are not officially credited on this release. Music videos

References

External links

 Works by or about Sabi in libraries (WorldCat Catalog)

1987 births
Living people
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
American contemporary R&B singers
American dance musicians
American electronic musicians
American female dancers
American hip hop singers
American indie pop musicians
American people of Salvadoran descent
American women in electronic music
American women pop singers
California State University, Long Beach alumni
Musicians from Inglewood, California
Singers from California
Singers from Los Angeles
Synth-pop


title: Thomas Noguchi

texts:
is the former Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles. He resigned from the office, under pressure, in 1968 over inappropriate comments he was alleged to have made, but was restored soon after. He was forced out a second time, in 1982, over allegations of mismanagement. He later worked at the University of Southern California and served as president of the American National Association of Medical Examiners. Popularly known as the "coroner to the stars", <mask> determined the cause of death in many high-profile cases in Hollywood during the 1960s and 1970s. He performed autopsies on Marilyn Monroe, Albert Dekker, Robert F. Kennedy, Sharon Tate, Inger Stevens, Janis Joplin, Gia Scala, David Janssen, William Holden, and John Belushi. In 2016, he was criticized over his autopsy of Natalie Wood.His ruling in that case was later changed by his successor. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Fukuoka Prefecture, raised in Yokosuka and graduated from Tokyo's Nippon Medical School in 1951 before interning at The University of Tokyo School of Medicine Hospital. Shortly thereafter he emigrated to the United States. He then served a second internship at Orange County General Hospital and a series of residencies at Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and Barlow Sanatorium in Los Angeles. Career

Early career
<mask> began working in the office of the Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles (CME) in 1961, and came to public attention after performing the autopsy of Marilyn Monroe. In 1967, he was appointed Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner for the County of Los Angeles (CME) in a 3–2 vote of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, over the opposition of the Los Angeles County

masks: Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi


title: Thomas Noguchi

texts:
 Medical Association and leadership of the UCLA and USC schools of medicine. As new CME, he succeeded his mentor Theodore Curphey and supervised autopsies on a range of celebrities and public figures that included Albert Dekker, Sharon Tate, Janis Joplin, Inger Stevens, Gia Scala, David Janssen, William Holden, Natalie Wood, and John Belushi.Kennedy assassination and resignation
<mask>'s autopsy of Robert Kennedy concluded that the fatal shot was fired into the back of Kennedy's head, behind the right ear, from an upward angle, and from a distance of no more than 0.5 to 3 inches (15–75 mm) away. Such a finding has given rise to conspiracy theories regarding the assassination, as no witnesses reported seeing the convicted assassin, Sirhan Sirhan, any closer to Kennedy than 1 meter away and in a position to fire such a shot. <mask> himself points out in his memoir Coroner that he has never officially ruled that Sirhan fired the fatal shot. Shortly after the Kennedy shooting, <mask> came under scrutiny and resigned under pressure as Chief Medical Examiner after Deputy Los Angeles County Counsel Martin Weekes testified that he had seen a smiling <mask> dancing in his office and that <mask> had announced to associates "I am going to be famous. I hope he dies". A secretary in the coroner's office also testified she had heard <mask> say he wanted to perform a vivisection on Lin Hollinger, the county's chief administrative officer with whom he had argued over budget matters. Second term as CME and demotion
Shortly after signing his letter of resignation, <mask> attempted to withdraw it, a move that was rejected by the Board of Supervisors.<mask>'s wife subsequently charged that the county had forced him out as a practice of

masks: Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi


title: Thomas Noguchi

texts:
 racial discrimination. The county rebutted the accusation by accusing <mask> himself of being racist, providing testimony from an Asian-American employee in the CME office who said she had heard <mask> saying he hated Jews and using a racial epithet to describe Black Americans. Other CME staff disputed that testimony and characterized <mask> as "warm" and "articulate". After a petition drive organized by Los Angeles' Japanese American community, <mask> was restored to the office of CME. In his second term, <mask> was accused of speaking too freely to the media, particularly following the November 1981 deaths of William Holden and Natalie Wood, which, along with his moonlighting and alleged mismanagement – a series of articles in the Los Angeles Times alleged that <mask>'s attention to celebrity deaths was causing problems in the more mundane aspects of the CME office  –  led to his demotion from coroner to physician specialist in 1982. His autopsy of Wood's death as an accident has since been questioned. A former intern of <mask> at the time of Wood's death stated that he saw bruises were substantial and fitting for someone who gets thrown out of a boat.He claimed that he made those observations to <mask>, who reacted strangely as if he was involved in a cover-up. <mask> came under public criticism for his handling of Wood's autopsy in 2016 and his ruling in that case was later changed by a successor. Later career, honors, and professional bodies
<mask> was later appointed Chief of Pathology at the University of Southern California and then as Administrative Pathologist for Anatomic Pathology services at LAC+USC Medical Center. <mask> was appointed professor by both the University of Southern California and UCLA. He

masks: Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi Noguchi


title: Thomas Noguchi

texts:
 is a past president of the American National Association of Medical Examiners. In 1999 he was honored by the Emperor of Japan who awarded him the Order of the Sacred Treasure for his "outstanding contributions to Japan in the area of forensic science". He retired the same year., <mask> is the president of World Association for Medical Law (WAML), which is a medical body founded in 1967 to encourage the study of health law, legal medicine, and bioethics. Publications
 Coroner, 1983. A best selling memoir written with Joseph DiMona. (Published in the UK as Coroner to the Stars)
 Coroner at Large 1985. A book about historical coroners and famous deaths. (NYT review.) Unnatural Causes, 1988.A detective novel written with Arthur Lyons. Physical Evidence, 1990. A detective novel written with Arthur Lyons. Film and other media
 He has appeared in the documentary The Killing of America (1982). He appeared as himself in the film Faces of Death (1980). In 2000, <mask> appeared in Michael Kriegsman's autopsy-related documentaries, "Autopsy: Through the Eyes of Death's Detectives"; and "Autopsy: Voices of Death", wherein <mask> takes the viewer through a complete autopsy. He is said to have been the inspiration for the TV series Quincy, M.E.(1976–1983), which starred Jack Klugman. References

External links

 Subject's USC web page, last updated in 1999

1927 births
Living people
Writers from Los Angeles
People from Fukuoka Prefecture
Japanese emigrants to the United States
American coroners
Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Treasure
University of Southern California faculty
University of California, Los Angeles faculty
Persons involved with death and dying
Physicians from California
American physicians of Japanese


title: Joshua Strachan

texts:
<mask> (born 1976), known professionally as <mask>, is a songwriter, record producer, vocalist and multi-instrumentalist. Biography
<mask> was born in a suburb of Des Moines, Iowa, grew up and currently resides in Roanoke, Virginia. In Roanoke, Strachan met Jeremy Kolosine of the seminal electropunk band Futurisk, who was then playing in a dream pop/shoegaze band called Shakespace. Kolosine invited Strachan to join the band, first as a keyboardist, then later as a vocalist and guitarist. Simultaneously, Strachan took up playing bass in the Diplomats. Shakespace recorded one EP  and one album, while the Diplomats recorded an EP which was mixed by R.E.M. veteran Mitch Easter.The Diplomats disbanded before the EP was released, and Shakespace disbanded during the recording and mixing of their last album. Strachan moved to New York in 2004, and upon meeting bassist Ryan Rayhill, the two formed Blacklist. Blacklist released several recordings on Wierd Records, a label which Strachan was closely involved with from its inception until its conclusion, not only as an artist, but also as a co-thinker and writer. He joined Religious to Damn in 2009, and after Blacklist announced an indefinite hiatus from recording and touring, formed Vaura in early 2010 with Kevin Hufnagel, Toby Driver and Religious to Damn drummer Charlie Schmid. In mid-2012, Strachan launched Azar Swan, a collaboration with Zohra Atash, the lead singer and primary songwriter of Religious to

masks:
Joshua Strawn
Joshua Strachan
Joshua Strachan


title: Joshua Strachan

texts:
 religion in almost every song, encompassing all three major monotheisms as well as Stalinism and fascism which Strawn has called "political superstitions." In an interview for Vaura in 2019, Strachan referenced cosmic horror, saying, "The nightmare visions that inspired Sables are simultaneously of an omnicide, and of an end to humanity while human beings still continue to exist materially. Humanity being the word we tend to use to refer to our kindness, our ability to understand one another and allow for the existence of others, our ability to be graceful and make peace." Non-musical endeavors
<mask> has written about his background in political action and organizing, from a brief stint with ACORN in the early 2000s, to being employed by the Human Rights Campaign and the Working Families Party. While attending The New School, Strachan was active with two philosophical organizations, the Nietzsche Circle and the Foucault Society, both created by Nietzsche scholar Yunus Tuncel. He also befriended his professor Christopher Hitchens out of a shared interest in the history of the secularism of the left, and the two were in contact until Hitchens' death in 2011. While living in New York, Strachan worked full time as a social media analyst for ad research firm Competitrack, and part time as a freelance journalist.His writing on politics, music, and culture has appeared in The Daily Beast, Talkhouse as well as in feminist publications such as BUST, and


title: DeeDee Trotter

texts:
De'Hashia Tonnek "<mask>" <mask> (born December 8, 1982 in Twentynine Palms, California) is an American athlete. Trotter is a former NCAA national champion in the 400m, and competed in the 2004, 2008, and 2012 Summer Olympics. There, she was a two-time Olympic gold medalist in the 4 × 400 m relay (2004 and 2012), in addition to a bronze medalist in the 2012 400m event. She placed 5th in the same event in 2004. Trotter is currently a brand ambassador for international company Education First, and a global motivational speaker. Early life
Trotter was born in Twenty Nine Palms, California on December 8, 1982. She grew up in Decatur, Georgia, graduating from Cedar Grove High School in 2001.She was a member of both the track and basketball teams, helping to lead the basketball team in her senior year to an undefeated season on home court. She specialized in both the 200m and 400m in track, and in her senior year, she also helped lead the 4 × 400 m relay team from her highschool to the Georgia State Championship. College track and field
Trotter was mainly a basketball player in high school, and took up track-and-field as a second sport under the encouragement of those who saw her running on the court. She earned a track-and-field scholarship to the University of Tennessee, and was forced to turn away from basketball and focus solely on running. In 2003, she placed second in the NCAA championships in the distance, and in 2004 she was the NCAA champion. She still holds the Tennessee record time of 50.0s. She graduated from the university with a major in Sociology.She later trained under coach Caryl Smith Gilbert, who continued to train Trotter after her graduation. Trotter became the first woman to turn professional as a track-and-field athlete coming out of the University of Tennessee before graduation, turning pro in her junior year. Professional track and field career

2003-04
Trotter competed at the 2003 IAAF World Athletics Championship in France, running in the 400m, where she qualified for the

masks: DeeDee Trotter


title: DeeDee Trotter

texts:
 just keep running'. Trotter is also a multi-time IAAF Diamond League silver and bronze medalist.2012 to present
Leading into the 2012 Olympics, she again recorded the fastest time that year in the 400m. She said of the time that, "My personality, demeanor, confidence and spirit were low. That <mask> is gone. I overcame my entire career crumbling and made the Olympic Team." She qualified at the national championships with a second place showing. At the 2012 Olympics in London she won the bronze medal in the 400 meters in a time of 49.72, two one hundredths of a second behind the silver medalist. She was also the lead runner in the gold medal 4 × 400 m US relay team, providing her team with a 10 m lead at the end of her leg.After winning the event, Trotter stated that, "I think the pressure was on to go out and do what we are capable of doing ... I think we finally hit the mark this time. We hit the center of the target. We got it done.” Trotter ran her final lap at the 2016 USA Olympic Trials to gracefully retire from the sport. After a thirteen-year career, Trotter waved farewell to the crowd at Hayward Field in Eugene, Oregon, after crossing the finish line of the 400m semifinals and not advancing to the finals. Other work
In 2009 Trotter was the winner of the Bodybuilding.com Model Search, transitioning into a part-time career as a fitness model. In 2013 Trotter became a volunteer assistant coach in the sprints for the USC Trojans track and field team.That year she also began a fundraising drive called Gifted Soles, which gathers shoes for the homeless population of Orlando. The drive also raised funds for 500 meals for the homeless as well. Donations were made through the Orlando Union Rescue Mission. In 2014, Trotter dissolved her non-profit organization Test Me I'm Clean and launched a new non-profit entitled Running For The People. Running For The People used running as a way to help people in need of encouragement. In 2020, Trotter traveled to Japan as a Sports Envoy for the U.S. State


title: Josh Kline

texts:
<mask> (born December 29, 1989) is a former American football offensive guard. He played college football for Kent State. Early years
<mask> was born in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, to Rick and <mask>. <mask> and his family lived in Hartville, Ohio (near Akron), until they moved to Mason, Ohio, just north of Cincinnati, when <mask> was in second grade. High school career
<mask> grew up in Mason, Ohio and graduated from William Mason High School in 2008. He was an offensive lineman in football, playing tackle and center, earning second-team All-Greater Miami Conference honors as the Comets' center his senior year. As a wrestler, in his senior year, <mask> was the Ohio Division I (big-school) champion in the 285-pound weight class.His record for the year was 45-1 with 32 pins. In the state meet, he pinned his first two opponents and in the semifinal he was taken to overtime, prevailing 6-4. He then won the championship match by pin. Although he grew up just outside Cincinnati, <mask> was a Cleveland Browns fan due to his father Rick's roots in northeast Ohio. Collegiate career
<mask> was recruited by Mid-American Conference schools and chose to attend Kent State in Kent, Ohio. "My grandparents still live there. I was familiar with Kent and knew the area well.... it was a combination of having a chance to play and an opportunity to help change the culture a little bit.We did my senior year. It was a good experience and I’m glad I picked it.<mask> redshirted the 2008 season before playing in all 12 games of his redshirt freshman campaign in 2009. In 2010, he started in eight of 12 games, then started all 12 games in 2011, making seven starts at right tackle before sliding inside to right guard for the final five games. As a senior, <mask> primarily played left guard as he earned second-team all Mid-American Conference honors as the

masks:
Josh Kline
Kline
Julie Kline
Josh
Josh
Kline
Kline
Kline
Kline
” Kline
Kline


title: Josh Kline

texts:
 Golden Flashes had their best season in 40 years, going 11-3 overall, winning the MAC East title and playing in the MAC Championship Game, which they lost in double overtime to Northern Illinois University. They earned a berth in the postseason GoDaddy.com Bowl, where they were defeated 17-13 by Arkansas State University. Professional career

New England Patriots

2013
<mask> was projected by some to be chosen in the late rounds of the 2013 NFL Draft on April 25–27, 2013. He had private pre-draft workouts with the New England Patriots as well as the New York Jets, Indianapolis Colts, Kansas City Chiefs, Cincinnati Bengals, Tennessee Titans and Oakland Raiders.He went undrafted, but after the draft ended on April 27, he was signed that day as a rookie free agent by the Patriots. He was released on September 2 but quickly re-signed to the Patriots' practice squad. He was activated for one game against the Buffalo Bills, then returned to the practice squad before again being added to the active roster on November 2. <mask> appeared in his first NFL game on November 3 when he entered the game at left guard for the final play, a kneel-down against the Pittsburgh Steelers. He played briefly in the Patriots' 34-31 win December 1 over the Houston Texans. He saw his first significant playing time in a December 15 game against the Miami Dolphins, when Patriots starting offensive lineman Nate Solder went down with an injury. <mask> was inserted into the lineup and played most of the game at left guard, with starting left guard Logan Mankins shifting to left tackle.<mask> made his first start and played the entire game at left guard as the Patriots cruised to a 41-7 win over the Baltimore Ravens on December 22, 2013. For the season, <mask> played in seven regular season games, including one start. By the end of the season, on the Patriots

masks: Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline


title: Josh Kline

texts:
 depth chart, he was listed as the second-team left guard behind starter and six-time Pro Bowl selection Mankins as well as second-team right guard behind Dan Connolly. 2014
Just days before the Patriots' final preseason game, on August 26 the perennial All-Pro Mankins was traded to the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, a move expected to provide an opportunity for increased playing time for <mask>, who started the final preseason game. However, after a subpar performance in that game, <mask> was on the inactive roster for the regular season opener against the Miami Dolphins. Prior to the Patriots' second game, against the Minnesota Vikings, he was again added to the active roster. and saw action on eight plays in the fourth quarter.He was returned to the inactive list for their next three games

<mask> was reactivated for the October 12 Patriots win vs. the Buffalo Bills and started at right guard, his first start of the season and second of his career, playing 71 snaps. Four days later on October 16 he started again at right guard, playing 57 snaps in a Thursday night Patriots win over the New York Jets. He stayed on the active roster and played 23 snaps in a 51-23 win over the Chicago Bears. He remained on the active roster through the regular season finale against the Buffalo Bills, starting one of those games (his third start of the year), and finishing with 12 regular season games played in 2014. <mask> made his first postseason start January 18, 2015 in the AFC Championship Game against the Indianapolis Colts following an injury to rookie center Bryan Stork, which resulted in guard Ryan Wendell moving to center and Kline at right guard. <mask> earned praise for his performance as the Patriots dominated the Colts 45-7 to advance to Super Bowl XLIX. <mask> then earned a Super Bowl ring as the Patriots defeated the Seattle Seahawks

masks: Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline


title: Josh Kline

texts:
 28-24 in Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.<mask> was one of two Patriots (the other being backup quarterback Jimmy Garoppolo) who was active but did not play any snaps. 2015
In the Patriots' regular-season opener against the Pittsburgh Steelers on September 10, <mask> started the game at left guard in the 28-21 Patriots win. In the offense's second series, he was switched to right guard, and rotated between the two positions throughout the game. He was in the lineup for 54 of 61 offensive plays (89 percent). Through Week 9, <mask> started every game for New England, rotating between left and right guard. On November 10, 2015, the Patriots announced the signing of <mask> to a two-year contract extension through the 2017 season. In the 2015 regular season, <mask> played in 14 games, starting 13.He missed two games due to a shoulder injury. <mask> played in 816 snaps, or 77.6 percent of the team's offensive plays as the Patriots won their division and the #2 seed in the AFC Playoffs. 2016
<mask> underwent shoulder surgery after the completion of the 2015 season. On September 7, 2016, <mask> was released by the Patriots. Tennessee Titans
On September 8, 2016, <mask> was claimed off waivers by the Tennessee Titans. After being inactive for the team's first two games, on September 25, <mask> started at right guard in the Titans' 17-10 loss to the Oakland Raiders. He went on to start the rest of the season at right guard to help spearhead a ground game that ran for more than 136 yards per game, good for third in the league.Pro Football Focus awarded the Titans' the Offensive Line of the Year honor. PFF rated <mask> an 80.0, 27th among guards. 2017
In 2017 <mask> started all 16 games at right guard for the Titans as the team went 9-7 and made the AFC Playoffs for the first time since 2008. The team won its first-round game against

masks: Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline


title: Josh Kline

texts:
 the Kansas City Chiefs before losing to <mask>'s former team and eventual AFC Champion New England Patriots. The offensive line was rated fifth-best in the NFL according to Pro Football Focus, with <mask> scoring a 75.8 rating, number 22 among NFL guards. 2018
On March 14, 2018, <mask> signed a four-year contract extension with the Tennessee Titans. He started all 16 of the Titans' games at right guard for the second consecutive season as the team finished 9-7.On March 15, 2019, <mask> was released by the Titans. Minnesota Vikings

2019
On March 20, 2019, <mask> signed a three-year $15.75 million contract with the Minnesota Vikings. played in and started 13 of the Vikings' 16 games, missing games due to a concussion, and a foot injury. <mask> was immediately named a starter for the 2019 season. He started the Vikings' first three games; missed the fourth game due to a concussion; started game 5; then he missed game 6 with a foot injury. 2020
On March 18, 2020, <mask> was released by the Vikings. He did not play during the 2020 season.2021
On July 28, 2021, <mask> announced his retirement from the NFL. Personal life
<mask> married his wife, Natalie, on April 9, 2016, in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. <mask>’s daughter Kroy <mask> was born September 20, 2018. His Twitter handle is @<mask>line64. References

External links
Kent State Golden Flashes bio

1989 births
Living people
American football offensive linemen
Kent State Golden Flashes football players
Minnesota Vikings players
New England Patriots players
People from Hartville, Ohio
People from Hoffman Estates, Illinois
People from Mason, Ohio
Players of American football from Illinois
Players of American football from Ohio
Sportspeople from the Cincinnati metropolitan area
Sportspeople from Cook County, Illinois
Sportspeople from Kane County, Illinois
Tennessee Titans

masks: Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline Kline JoshK


title: Eileen Nearne

texts:
<mask>Didi<mask> MBE, Croix de Guerre (15 March 1921 – 2 September 2010 (date body found)) was a member of the UK's Special Operations Executive (SOE) during World War II. She served in occupied France as a radio operator under the codename "Rose". (French Resistance operative Andree Peel is also known as Agent Rose.) Early life and career
Born in 1921 in London to an English father, <mask>, and Spanish mother, Marie de Plazoala, she was the youngest of four children. Her elder sister, <mask>, and one of her two brothers, Francis, would also become SOE operatives. In 1923, the family moved to France, where Nearne became fluent in French. After the German invasion in 1940, the two young women made their way to London via Barcelona, Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Glasgow, while the rest of the family remained in Grenoble.On her arrival in England she was offered service in the WAAF working on barrage balloons, but turned this down and was recruited by the SOE. Enrolled into the First Aid Nursing Yeomanry FANY, Nearne worked as a home-based signals operator, receiving secret messages from agents in the field, usually written with invisible ink on the back of typewritten letters. Her sister Jacqueline was sent to France to work as a courier. The sisters were supposed to keep their roles secret from one another, but were unsuccessful. She was flown by a Westland Lysander aircraft to a field near Les Lagnys, Saint-Valentin in Indre, France, in the late hours of 2 March and the early hours of 3 March 1944 with Jean Savy to work as a wireless operator for the Wizard network as part of Operation Mitchel. Her cover story was that she

masks:
Eileen Mary "
" Nearne
John Nearne
Jacqueline Nearne


title: Eileen Nearne

texts: was Mademoiselle du Tort (also using the aliases Jacqueline Duterte and Alice Wood). Using the code name "Rose", she was given the mission of helping Savy set up a network in Paris called "Wizard"; its aim, unlike the networks dedicated to sabotage, was to organise sources of finance for the Resistance.<mask>'s role was to maintain a wireless link to London, and in the course of the next five months she transmitted 105 messages. Savy had returned to London with important information about German V-1 flying bombs, leaving <mask> on her own. Although she did not know it at the time, the same aircraft which took Savy home also carried her sister, Jacqueline, who had just completed 15 months in the field. <mask> then worked for the "Spiritualist" network. She was arrested on 25 July 1944 after her transmitter was detected. She had gone to her safe house to transmit an urgent message against her chief's orders. As she was finishing she heard banging from the house next door so packed up and hid her equipment and destroyed her messages.When she heard banging on her door she opened it and was confronted by a man pointing a pistol at her face. The house was searched and her radio gear and gun were discovered so she was arrested, handcuffed and driven to Paris. Nearne "survived, in silence, the full revolting treatment of the baignoire" in the torture chamber of the Paris headquarters of the Gestapo on the Rue des Saussaies. She reportedly managed to convince her captors, under torture, that she had been sending messages for a businessman, unaware that he was British. On 15 August 1944, she was sent to Ravensbrück concentration

masks: Nearne Nearne Nearne


title: Eileen Nearne

texts:
 camp where she refused to do prison work. Her head was shaved and she was told she would be shot if she continued to refuse. She was then transferred to a forced-labour camp in Silesia.While in one of these prisons she was reportedly tortured. On 13 April 1945 she escaped with two French girls from a work gang by hiding in the forest, later travelling through Markkleeberg, where they were arrested by the S.S. but released after fooling their captors and reportedly hidden by a priest in Leipzig until the arrival of United States troops. Awards and honours
After World War II, she was awarded the Croix de Guerre by the French government. On 19 February 1946 she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) by King George VI for "services in France during the enemy occupation". Later years and death
After the war <mask> lived in London with her sister, Jacqueline, where, The New York Times reported, she suffered from "psychological problems brought on by her wartime service". After her sister's death in 1982, she moved to Torquay and lived there quietly. In 1993 she travelled to Ravensbruck with fellow SOE agents, members of the Special Forces Club, the FANY and the WAAF to dedicate a plaque to the four agents executed there in 1945.<mask> talked about her wartime activities on a Timewatch television documentary in 1997, but she wore a wig, and spoke in French under her codename "Rose", and her wartime activities were not generally known about. She died alone from a heart attack in her seaside flat. Her body is thought to have remained undiscovered for some time until found on 2 September 2010; she was 89

masks: Nearne Nearne


title: Eileen Nearne

texts:
 years old.It was only when her flat was being searched by council workers to try to establish her next of kin that medals and other papers related to her war service were found. Her next of kin, a niece, was located living in Italy and has said she was upset that <mask> had been portrayed as being "alone or unloved", adding, "Although I don't live in the UK, I was very close to Aunt <mask> and visited her often. I only saw her six months ago. She was always cherished by the family." <mask>'s funeral, which was provided free of charge by the Torbay & District Funeral Service of Torquay, was held on 21 September 2010 at Our Lady Help of Christians and St Denis Roman Catholic Church, Torquay.The eulogy was made by Adrian Stones, Chairman of the Special Forces Club. Her body was cremated, and her ashes scattered at sea, according to her wishes. <mask> died intestate and her estate of around £13,000 went to her niece in Tuscany, Italy, according to BBC One's programme Heir Hunters; series 6, episode 1. References

External links
"<mask>'s war heroism revealed in National Archives" The Guardian
9/1089/2—Item reference HS 9/1089/2—<mask> NEARNE, aka Alice WOOD, aka Jacqueline DUTERTE - born 15.03.1921, The Catalogue, The National Archives, Part one of file also available online. An insight to WIZARD

1921 births
2010 deaths
British people of French descent
Female wartime spies
Escapees from Nazi concentration camps
Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors
British Roman Catholics
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
Members of the Order of the British Empire
People from Torquay
British Special Operations Executive

masks:
Nearne
Eileen
Nearne
Nearne
Eileen Nearne
Eileen Mary


title: Puankhequa

texts:
<mask> (; 171410January 1788), also known as Pan Wenyan or Zhencheng, was a Chinese merchant and member of a cohong family, which traded with the Europeans in Canton (now known as Guangzhou) during the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). He owned a factory in the Thirteen Factories district where his firm was favored by the English, Swedes, "Imperials" and Danes. Biography

<mask>'s family originated from a poor fishing village near Changchow (now known as Zhangzhou), but <mask>'s father P'u-chai had relocated them to Canton. <mask> had seven sons, two of whom were engaged in trade and providing market intelligence about tea and silk for the Canton firm from other parts of China and Japan. A third son, Chih-hsiang, would later succeed his father as head of the firm in Canton, thus inheriting his father's trading name and becoming <mask> II. Growing up, Puankhequa would travel on junks in Southeast Asia, even as far as Manila. According to Liang Chia-pin and Louise Dermigny, Puankhequa was in the Canton trade by the late 1730s.As a young man he learned to speak, read and write Spanish and had some skills in pidgin English, which facilitated trading with the Europeans. His ability to deliver goods and his skills in creating special, long-term relationships with foreigners and officials attracted and retained the custom of foreign traders, which contributed to his success. In a portrait of <mask> in the Museum of Gothenburg, he carries the attributes of a wealthy mandarin: hat-pin, necklace and the mandarin square on his surcoat. According to professor Jan Wirgin it is a "...robe of a third rank mandarin, with a sapphire hat-pin in his hat. He achieved this rank around 1780." He had bought a title and was raised to the third class of the mandarinate for his contributions to a military campaign. <mask> enjoyed trading and spent most of his waking time doing business.He lived in a mansion, "Chiu-lung" (named

masks: Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa


title: Puankhequa

texts:
 after the Jiulong River of his ancestral city), on the south bank of the Pearl River near Honam Island (the modern day Haizhu District of Guangzhou). To save as much time as possible for business, he ate on the boat taking him to and from work. In promoting his business, he had no scruples when it came to manipulating officials or bribing the "Hoppo" (The Guangdong Customs Supervisor) and passing the costs on to the Europeans. <mask> died on 10January 1788, and was interred in the foothills of Fu-t'ing near his country seat in Ch'uanchow. Most of the hong firms established before 1790 had failed by 1798, except that of <mask> II, who had succeeded his father as head of the firm. By then it was the most prosperous house and <mask> II was the wealthiest merchant in Canton. A year later, the European companies had all gone except for the Swedes (who left in 1831) and the Spaniards (who left in 1834).<mask> II retained the Swedes as clients until the Swedish East India Company folded in 1813. When the Hong merchants were disestablished in 1834, his firm was still active and by then the longest-surviving firm in the history of the merchants. Trading

<mask> was Chief Merchant in Canton between 1760 and 1788. He had made his name in the silk trade, but traded in a number of other goods. From the 1740s to 1760, <mask> traded out of the Dafeng Hang 達豐行, which he managed in partnership with his Chen family accomplices and his brother Seequa 潘瑟官. All of his trade with foreigners in Canton at this time, and his trade with Southeast Asia via the Chinese junks, was conducted out of the Dafeng Hang. In 1760, <mask> established a new firm called the Tongwen Hang 同文行, which in the 1810s was renamed Tongfu Hang 同孚行.Although ruthless in business, <mask> remained sentimental about his family's origin and his Fukienese identity. He founded the Fukien mai-ch'iao, the Fukien merchants in temporary residence in Canton,

masks: Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa


title: Puankhequa

texts: an association for business and social events. The firm owned a factory which was situated close to the Swedish factory. The Swedes joined in the East India trade later than most of the national European trading companies. The first ship arrived in September 1732. They were seen as naïve by the rest of the European traders and Puankhequa treated them haughtily, but they nevertheless regarded him as a friend and benefactor. Mostly they bought tea from him.The tasting of different lots and negotiations about the price usually went on for weeks. He also served as a mediator when this was called for; in 1761, he was asked by the captain on one of the Swedish ships to help out in a conflict with some Dutch merchants. The Dutch had set up a punsch tent in Wampoa near the ships and the captain had trouble keeping his crew away from the place. <mask> managed to get the mandarins in Whampoa to forbid the selling of alcohol on land while the ships were there. In September 1768, the Swedes made an unsuccessful attempt at selling Swedish woollen cloth and camlet to the Chinese traders. The cloth was deemed too coarse and nobody wanted to buy it, except for <mask> who gave the Swedes a fair price. Some Swedish supercargos stayed in Canton for several years, one of them was Jean Abraham Grill who became friends with <mask> and made several profitable deals with him when buying tea.The usual order of business was that trade began as soon as the ships came to Canton. When the ships docked, the price of tea, silk and all the other coveted goods, immediately began to rise, and as soon as the ships left, prices started to fall again. Grill would buy tea privately from Puankhequa when the price was at its lowest and sell the tea to his employer, the Swedish East India Company, at a slightly higher price when the next ship came in. Thus, <mask> was able to do business during the off-season and Grill could net himself a

masks: Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa


title: Puankhequa

texts:
 profit at his employer's expense. Several contracts for this trade between <mask> and Grill are kept in the Gothenburg University Library. At first, the English were wary of Puankhequa because of his many schemes and debts, but in the 1780s they started to accept him and talked about him as "a merchant the most to be depended on". They still kept their options open, nevertheless, through dealings with other merchants.The French admired <mask>'s ability to control officials and pay bribes in the right places at the right times, but they also saw him as seductive, devious and, according to one French merchant, in possession of "the most evil soul ever to have inhabited a human body". Few foreigners could trade in Canton without having to make deals with him at some point. In order to facilitate trade <mask> would on occasion give informal dinners for  foreign traders at his country house. These dinners lasted a couple of days, with one day being dedicated to Chinese culture and the next à la mode Anglaise (in an English style). There were also humorous plays about the two cultures and guests could choose whether they wanted to use chopsticks or cutlery. In 1806, <mask> II was in correspondence with Sir Joseph Banks who thanked him for botanical specimens he had supplied for Kew Gardens. In return Banks sent him other plants which he thought would be useful in China.Sweden
According to tradition and numerous sources, <mask> made the journey to Sweden and stayed or lived in Gothenburg for some time at the invitation of Niclas Sahlgren, but further research in 2007 by LarsOlof Lööf disproved this and concluded that <mask> never visited Sweden. He gave a portrait of himself to Sahlgren, an oil painting on a mirror. The painting is now in the collection of the Museum of Gothenburg. The documentation regarding the painting mentions him as personal friend of Sahlgren and adviser to the Swedish East India

masks: Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa Puankhequa


title: Puankhequa

texts:
 Company. <mask> is also depicted in a big mural in the museum (formerly the East India House) where he is seen negotiating with Swedish merchants on the shore of the Pearl River. The first recorded visit by a Chinese to Sweden was made by the merchant and linguist (translator) for the Swedish East India Company, Choi A-fuk (or Afock), in 1786. Legacy

The mansion where <mask> lived in the Haizhu District of Guangzho has been recognised as important.The Chinese government planned in 2011 to renovate the  site and make it available as a tourist attraction. Over the years it has been divided and sub-divided into spaces for both business, manufacturing and living. The government plan to restore the interior and renovate the wooden carvings and the faded paintings which are still extant. <mask> II was included in an 1807 painting of a joint British and Chinese court, which was set up in October 1807, to try English sailors who had killed a Chinese person. One sailor from the ship "Neptune" was convicted and over 50 others were released. The convicted sailor was later released. In popular culture
<mask> appears as a character in the novel Trade Winds by Christina Courtenay (2010), under the name "Poan Key-qua" or simply "Key-qua".Notes

References

Bibliography

External links

 Contract between J A Grill and Puankhequa about the buying of tea. The contract is in Swedish and Chinese. Correspondence between J A Grill and Puankhequa in the Digitized Archive of the Nordic Museum. Search/Click on: Digitala arkivet (left column) -1:Utgående brev -3.5:J.A. Grills privata affärer -12:J.A. Grills privata affärer -2:Privata affärer med bröderna Hahr -20–25:"My Good and old friend Mr. Poankeyqua!", six pages in English. 1714 births
1788 deaths
Chinese merchants
History of Hong Kong
History of foreign trade in China
Qing dynasty people
People from Zhangzhou
Businesspeople from Fujian
18th-century Chinese


title: Jonathan Blow

texts:
<mask> (born ) is an American video game designer, programmer and Twitch streamer, who is best known as the creator of the independent video games Braid (2008) and The Witness (2016), both of which were released to critical acclaim. From 2001 to 2004, <mask> wrote the Inner Product column for Game Developer Magazine. He was the primary host of the Experimental Gameplay Workshop each March at the Game Developers Conference, which has become a premier showcase for new ideas in video games. In addition, <mask> was a regular participant in the Indie Game Jam. <mask> is also a founding partner of the Indie Fund, an angel investor fund for independent game projects. Early life and education
<mask> was born in 1971. His mother was a devout ex-nun.<mask>'s father, an aerospace engineer manager, worked for the defense contractor TRW. <mask> would say in an interview with The Atlantic, "Early on, I detected that there weren't good examples at home, so I kind of had to figure things out on my own ... I had to adopt a paradigm of self-sufficiency." <mask> grew up in La Palma until he was 8, then he moved to Rancho Peñasquitos, San Diego, where he attended Mt. Carmel High School. He then studied computer science and creative writing at the University of California, Berkeley and was president of the Computer Science Undergraduate Association for a semester. He left the university in 1994, a semester before he would have graduated.He worked in San Francisco in contracting jobs, including one with Silicon Graphics to port Doom to a set-top device, until forming the game design company Bolt-Action Software with Bernt Habermeier in 1996. Their initial game project was to be a hovertank-based combat game called Wulfram, but at the time, the video game industry was undergoing a transformation of focusing heavily on three-dimensional graphics, making it difficult for them to complete the project; the team was forced to take some online database work to cover their expenditures. Subsequently, in the wake of the crash of dot-com bubble, they opted to fold the business after four years in 2000, with them

masks:
Jonathan David Blow
Blow
Blow
Blow
Blow
Blow
Blow
Blow


title: Jonathan Blow

texts:
 $100,000 in debt. Following Bolt-Action, <mask> continued to perform contract work for companies like Ion Storm, and writing for industry publications such as Game Developer Magazine. He also worked on a project with IBM to create a technology demo similar to the Wulfram idea that would highlight the features of the Cell processor that IBM was collaborating on, which would become a part of the PlayStation 3. <mask> attempted to get additional funding to turn the demo into a full game from both Sony and Electronic Arts but was unsuccessful. Career

Braid

In December 2004, feeling inspired during a trip in Thailand, <mask> made a prototype for a time manipulation puzzle platform game.The demo had crude graphics, but featured the ability of the player to rewind all the objects on screen backwards in time to a previous state. Encouraged by feedback from his peers, <mask> worked on the game from about April 2005 to about December that year before having the final prototype of his game, titled Braid. This version won the Independent Games Festival Game Design Award at the 2006 Game Developers Conference. He continued work on the game mostly focusing on art and music while polishing some of the design until its release in 2008 on Xbox Live Arcade. By then, <mask> was $100,000 in debt and had invested $200,000 into the game's development. The game was released on August 8, 2008, to critical acclaim and achieved financial success, receiving an aggregate score of 93% on Metacritic, making it the top-rated Xbox Live Arcade game. Braid was purchased by more than 55,000 people during the first week of release.<mask>'s next project was The Witness, a first-person game in which the player explores an island while solving a large variety of puzzles on panels. The panel puzzles require the player to draw a path on the panel, and the puzzle is solved if the path satisfies a number of rules. <mask> desired to create a game utilizing non-verbal communication, and as such, the puzzle rules are never explained with words. Instead, the puzzles themselves teach the player the rules. <mask> felt that

masks: Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blowlow Blow Blow


title: Jonathan Blow

texts: solving puzzles in this way could generate epiphanies for players, and tried to design the game so that the player experiences "miniature epiphanies over and over again". The game includes around 650 panels, and <mask> estimated that solving every puzzle in the game would take more than 80 hours.Work on The Witness began shortly after the release of Braid in 2008. <mask> created prototypes of several different game ideas before choosing the one he liked the most, despite it being a 3D game which he "absolutely didn't want to". By the time the game was revealed to the public in 2010, three people were working on the game full-time, and by 2015 this number had grown to eight. <mask> had hoped to release the game as a launch title for the PS4 in 2013, however work on the game continued until its release in 2016. At the time, it was virtually unheard of for an small independent game studio to spend more than seven years on a game. <mask> said that The Witness ending up being "a much bigger game than I thought", and that "as long as it looked like we were going to have the money and time... we decided to make it the best thing we can." The game was released on Windows and the PlayStation 4 in January 2016 to critical acclaim and commercial success.The Windows and PS4 versions hold scores of 87 on review aggregator Metacritic, and several popular gaming publications awarded the game perfect scores. The game received several BAFTA and Game Developers Choice Awards nominations. The Witness debuted at $39.99, a price point that was met in some gaming forums with outcry. <mask> stated that the price point was "fairly reflective of what the game is",  and journalists noted that other independent games of a similar scope and quality debuted with the same price. <mask> reported that the first week sales revenue of The Witness totaled over $5 million USD, and that it had sold more than 100,000 units. <mask> noted that after release The Witness was one of the top downloads on illegal BitTorrent websites, and was pirated "just as heavily" as Braid. He noted that piracy "will not help [Thekla]

masks: Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow


title: Jonathan Blow

texts:
 afford to make another game!:("

Untitled Programming Language and Untitled Sokoban Game
Towards the end of development of The Witness, <mask> began to become frustrated with C++, the language the game's engine was written in. While he liked recent feature additions to C++, he felt they "were encumbered by the rest of the language" and thought that C++ had "reached critical complexity". He considered switching to Go, D, and Rust, but thought that each had its drawbacks. <mask> felt it would be possible to create a new programming language for game development which would increase programming efficiency by at least 20%, and make the job more enjoyable. Further, he predicted that it would actually be easier to make a new programming language for professional game engine programmers than to make a videogame. In 2014 <mask> begun work on designing and programming the new programming language, which has the codename Jai. When asked about the real name of the language in 2020, <mask> noted that in many projects "people put all their effort into the cool name" before a project has had much effort put into it, and that he is "doing things in the opposite way".For about a year and a half work on Jai was part time since Thekla was shipping The Witness during that period. It was around the middle of 2016 when full time work on Jai and a sokoban game whose game engine is written in Jai begun. By working on the sokoban game, its engine, and Jai at the same time, <mask> is able to test out the design of Jai, and adjust it early in its lifetime to make it better. <mask> has noted that no previous programming languages have debuted with a piece of software in that language as large and complex as a game. By doing so he is able to demonstrate the capability of the language. During a 2018 conference talk <mask> demonstrated that a clean non-optimized compilation of the 80,000 line sokoban game took less that two seconds on his laptop. <mask> predicted that as work on the compiler continued the compilation rate would increase significantly, with a target compilation rate of a million lines of Jai per

masks: Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow


title: Jonathan Blow

texts:
 second for a clean non-optimized build.<mask> intends to release much of the source code of the sokoban game upon release, and said Thekla is trying to structure the code of the game to be "very malleable", so that when it's released it can "provide an in for people who actually want to start experimenting with a program." The Jai compiler reached beta version 100 in December 2021, and is currently in closed beta. The sokoban game combines puzzle elements from a variety of other sokoban games, as well as adding elements of its own. For example, the majority of characters from Jonah Ostroff's Heroes of Sokoban trilogy appear in the game, as do the lilypads and skipping stones from Alan Hazelden's Skipping Stones To Lonely Homes. By combining so many puzzle elements together <mask> is able to "explode out the combinatorics [of the puzzle space] even way further than The Witness did." As of May 2021, the sokoban game has over 700 levels, and <mask> stated that it will probably have more than 1000 upon release. Work on the sokoban game, its engine, and Jai are regularly streamed by <mask> on his twitch channel.Long-term project
Since 2012 or 2013, <mask> has been working on a separate project that will be broken into different installments and elaborations on the same game over the course of 20 years, making it bigger and more complex. They will be individual playable games, each related thematically and deepening in investigation of subject matter for each chapter. <mask> stated that the game would not be puzzle-related and that it would be built with the Jai language and engine. Other work
In March 2010, <mask>, along with several independent game developers including Ron Carmel and Kellee Santiago, became a founding member of the Indie Fund, an angel investor fund for independent game projects. In 2012, <mask> was one of the subjects of the independent documentary film, Indie Game: The Movie, where he discussed his views on the role of independent video games and his work on Braid. Philosophy and views
<mask> has spoken many times about his views on independent video games both in

masks: Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow


title: Jonathan Blow

texts:
 interviews and in public speeches, although he has said on his blog that he has gotten what he wanted out of conferences from speaking at them. For his sometimes controversial views, he has received praise, notably being called "the kind of righteous rebel video games need" and "a spiritual seeker, questing after truth in an as-yet-uncharted realm."<mask> often speaks of the potential for games to be more. He has said that he tries to make games that are more adult for people with longer attention spans and noted that games could have a "much bigger role" in culture in the future, but current game development does not address this potential, instead aiming for low-risk, high-profit titles. As a former physics major, <mask> has expressed that games could examine the universe in similar ways that a physicist could. In referring to the progression of development in his games, <mask> stated at the PlayStation Experience that he prefers to, "keep them playable and just make them better." This was stated during the live-cast panel while overseeing Justin Massongill on the playable demo. <mask> has spoken out against some games for immoral game design. On World of Warcraft, he has said it causes societal problems by creating a false image of the meaning of life, calling it "unethical."On FarmVille, he has said that the design of the game reveals the developers' goal to degrade the quality of players' lives, ultimately calling it "inherently evil." Despite Braids success on the platform, <mask> has claimed that Microsoft's Xbox Live Arcade certification process would turn away developers because "they kind of make themselves a pain in the ass" and that they would lose market share to Steam as a result. <mask> is a member of Giving What We Can, a community of people who have pledged to give at least 10% of their income to effective charities. References

External links

1971 births
American computer programmers
American video game designers
American video game programmers
Independent video game developers
Living people
People from San Francisco
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Video

masks: Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow Blow


title: Tomás Chávez Morado

texts:
<mask> (December 29, 1914 – December 21, 2001) was an artist from Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico. He taught at public schools, the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes y Literatura, and the Escuela de Artes Plásticas at the Universidad de Guanajuato, where he served as the director of the School of Visual Arts. His civic installations include El Paraguas and the national shield carving displayed at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City as well as 260 monumental eagle head sculptures marking the route of Hidalgo the Liberator (see Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla). Homenajea UG a <mask> Con Exposición Plástica. University of Guanajuato, 9 Dec. 2014. Web. 02 Nov. 2015.<http://www.ugto.mx/noticias/noticias/6668-homenajea-ug-a-tomas-chavez-morado-con-exposicion-plastica>.</ref> According to Mexican Life, Mexico's Monthly Review, the work of <mask> "creates visions of typical life in the streets, images of people one might find in the markets, at the ferias or inside the tenement patios, with a thematic emphasis on love and the mother and child." Life
<mask> was one of four children born to José Ignacio <mask> de Oca, a shop keeper, and María de la Luz <mask> Cabrera, an amateur painter. His three brothers include <mask> <mask>, Gabriel, and Salvador (who died as a young boy). His mother and maternal uncles who drew sketches were among his first examples of artists. His father also encouraged his creativity by providing him with materials to practice. During the 1918 flu pandemic, also known as the “Spanish flu,” his mother, María de la Luz Cabrera <mask>, fell ill and died from influenza. José Ignacio <mask> de Oca remarried and started a new family while his sisters cared for <mask> and his brothers.While in the care of their paternal aunts who often sang, played guitar, and painted, <mask> and José both took a greater interest in art. <mask> completed his primary school education. During this time he worked in his father's grocery store,

masks:
Tomás Chávez Morado
Tomás Chávez Morado
Chávez Morado
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Chávez Montes
Morado
José Chávez
Morado
Morado
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title: Tomás Chávez Morado

texts: where it appeared that he might become a merchant like his father. <mask> felt that this type of work seemed "tedious, enslaving, and boring" and instead immersed himself in the libraries of his paternal grandfather and of the father-in-law of José Ignacio <mask> de Oca. At one point he also worked for the father-in-law of José Ignacio <mask> de Oca (who was a sculptor and print maker who repaired religious images) as a printer and a bookbinder. In 1928, as a teenager, <mask> decided to move to Mexico City to pursue a career in art and teaching at the Escuela Normal Superior and also to connect with his brother, José. His father, who wanted to discourage <mask> from this decision, gave him only two pesos when <mask> asked for money to help him on his new journey.José and <mask> faced a difficult financial situation in Mexico City, having no place to sleep until granted permission by Fernando Leal to sleep at the Centro Popular de Pintura de Nonoalco where José, and eventually <mask>, took classes. After seeing monolith carvings at the Museum of Archaeology, <mask> reaffirmed his commitment to sculpture. He was also exposed to the work of Diego Rivera while visiting La Escuela Muralista. Taking experience and skill from El Centro Popular de Pintura Nonoalco, <mask> began teaching modeling and drawing at primary and secondary public schools in Mexico City. At the same time, he was working in the Department of Museology at the Instituto Nacional de Bellas Artes where he helped rescue the work of José Guadalupe Posada. In 1940, he accepted a commission from the Department of Indian Affairs to lead an indigenous boarding school in the Sierra Tarahumara for the Tarahumara people, an experience that impassioned him to indigenous causes. After four years there, he returned to Mexico City to attend the Escuela Normal Superior (Mexico) to study and become a professor in the field of Visual Arts.He graduated in 1948 with a masters of arts

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title: Tomás Chávez Morado

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 education in the Department of Fine Arts and eventually joined the faculty to depart his knowledge of sculpture onto others. In 1968, after 33 years of teaching under the Secretaría de Educación Pública, <mask> moved back to Guanajuato to retire and dedicate himself to his sculpture. Many students sought out his advice during this time, which lead him to start teaching again in 1985, this time, at the Universidad de Guanajuato. Because the University of Guanajuato did not have appropriate facilities, <mask> instructed his students in his own studio. Between 1990 and 1993, <mask> directed the school of fine arts, improving studio facilities and making needed changes that lead to official approval of the visual arts bachelor's degree program. <mask> continued teaching until health problems (diabetes, blindness, and hearing loss) hindered his teaching and, eventually, his sculpting. Selected works

Commissioned Works

1960       Eagle heads monument

 In 1960, <mask> worked with the Secretariat of Public Education of Mexico to design and execute an educational and cultural monument that commemorated the 150th anniversary of Mexico's independence in 1910.The monument includes 260 concrete eagle heads inscribed with the word “Libertad” which Tomás supervised the casting of. The ministry installed the eagle heads at various locations along the route of Hidalgo the Liberator, or Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, who is known for “El Grito de Dolores,” the battle cry of the Mexican Independence. The route starts in Dolores Hidalgo, Guanajuato, and ends in Monte de las Cruces in the city of Chihuahua, Chihuahua. "Presentan UG Libro <mask> <mask>rado: El Maestro Escultor." Presentan UG Libro <mask> <mask>rado: El Maestro Escultor. University of Guanajuato, 27 Jan. 2015. Web.02 Nov. 2015. <http://www.ugto.mx/noticias/noticias/6793-presentan-ug-libro-tomas-chavez-morado-el-maestro-escultor>. The ministry also held cultural and educational festivals at

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title: Tomás Chávez Morado

texts:
 the site of every eagle head to celebrate the installation. President Adolfo Lopez Mateo and Governor of the state of Chihuahua, Teofilo Borunda, participated by placing bronze plaques on the first and last eagles of the route. Each stele is marked with a plaque inscribed: “Ruta de Hidalgo, 1810-1811, Año de la Patria 1960.”

1964      National shield in marble on the main façade of the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City. 1960      Monumento a Jesús Gonzalez Ortega located in the state of Guanajuato. ----         Masks of Jiménez and Guerrero at the Heroes section of the Museo del Caracol and replicas of these for the community of Charco de Pantoja in Moroleón.1974      Homenaje del Pueblo: Monumento al Padre Hidalgo sculpted with bronze reliefs for the city of Acámbaro. 1976      Sculptures dedicated to Alonso García Bravo (the first urban planner of Mexico City) located at the Plaza de la Merced in Mexico City. ----         Sixteen wood carved boards that are part of the gigantic doors for the Nikko National Park in Shimoimachi, Japan. 1962      493 busts of Ignacio Zaragoza for the primary schools of the Mexican Republic. Collaborative Works with <mask> Morado

1958      The frieze and the decoration of the classrooms of the Centro Médico de México D.F., now the Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. 1960      Bronze doors titled Componentes Raciales y Culturales del Mexico Moderno at the Museo del Caracol in Mexico City. 1964      El Paraguas (The Umbrella) bronze column located in the central courtyard of the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.Approximately two months before the 1964 grand opening of the National Museum of Anthropology, José and <mask> <mask> were commissioned to design and execute the veneer for the central court yard column. The 11 meters tall column is often referred to as El Paraguas, or Umbrella, a function of the piece, which appears to hold a cantilevered roof over the courtyard,

masks:
José Chávez
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Chávez Morado


title: Tomás Chávez Morado

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 protecting visitors from the rain. The piece is titled Imagen de Mexico, or Image of Mexico, and highlights “an Indian head and the head of a Spanish person that coalesce into a new race. In modern times, the atom [represents] the struggle for peace.”

1968         Imagen de México (Image of Mexico) bronze column located at the entrance of the historic estate Sunnylands, the former winter home of Walter and Leonore Annenberg. Other Works

1982      Monumento a la Victoria de los Liberales Sobre los Conservadores, a gift to the city of Silao. 1961      Homenaje a los Constructores de la Ciudad de Mexico, the main piece of an exhibition produced by the Salon of Mexican Plastic Arts. ----         Maquette of the City of Guanajuato and its Surroundings for the permanent exhibitions hall at the Museo Regional de la Alhóndiga de Granaditas.Exhibitions
<mask> <mask> has exhibited independently and collectively in multiple locations including Galería de la Arte Plástica Mexicana, Galería Merckuper, Galería Chapultepec, Galería Posada, Galería Romano, Galería Misrachi; and in Mexican cities including Morelia, Michoacán, León, Silao, Irapuato, San Francisco del Rincón, Celaya, and Aguascalientes. His paintings have been exhibited in cities such as León, Celaya, Guanajuato, Silao, and Romita . There is a permanent collection of his works at the Museo del José y Tomás Chávez Morado in Silao, Guanajuato. His works have shown posthumous in exhibitions, such as in Deseando lo real Austria Contemporánea in October, 2012, and Formas de Libertad at the University of Guanajuato in August, 2014. List of Exhibitions

Sources
Gabriela Mijangos.<mask> <mask>rado: Escultor. México, D. F.: La Rana, 2003. Print.Vázquez Figueroa, María De Jesús.<mask> <mask>: El Maestro Escultor. Guanajuato: Universidad De Guanajuato, 2014. Print. References

1914 births
2001 deaths
20th-century Mexican painters
20th-century male artists
Mexican male painters
20th-century

masks:
Tomás
Chávez Morado
Tomás
Chávez Mo
Tomás
Chávez Morado


title: Kikkan Randall

texts:
<mask> (born December 31, 1982) is an American, Olympic champion cross-country skier. She has won 17 U.S. National titles, made 29 podiums on the World Cup, made five trips to the Winter Olympic Games and had the highest finish by an individual American woman at the World Championships, second in the Sprint in Liberec in 2009. She was the first American female cross-country skier to take a top ten finish in World Cup competition, to win a World Cup race and to win a World Cup discipline title. She won the silver medal in the individual sprint at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, becoming the first American woman to win a medal in cross country skiing at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, and in 2013 teamed up with Jessie Diggins to win the first ever American FIS Nordic World Ski Championships gold medal in the team sprint. She and Diggins won the United States' first ever cross-country skiing gold medal at the Winter Olympics in women's team sprint at Pyeongchang in 2018. Early years
<mask>'s parents, Ronn and Deborah (née Haines) originally met at a California ski resort. Kikkan's name was the result of a compromise between her parents: her father wanted to name her Kikki, after Kiki Cutter, the first American to win a race on the Alpine Skiing World Cup, whilst her mother wanted to name her Meghan.Ronn started teaching Kikkan to ski one day after her first birthday. She is the niece of former cross-country skiing Olympians Betsy Haines (1980) and Chris Haines (1976). <mask> lived in Salt Lake while her mother attended law school at the University of Utah. In the mid-1980s, she moved to Anchorage, Alaska with her parents, where her younger siblings, Tanner and Kalli were born. Originally she had ambitions to race as an alpine skier, as well as to run for an NCAA Division I college. She ran a 6:06 minute mile in sixth grade at Scenic Park Elementary, but Kikkan's goal was to run

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Randall
Randall


title: Kikkan Randall

texts:
 a five minute mile by high school. Kikkan Randell wanted to attend East High school because she wanted to wear red and blue just like her mom and aunt and that lead to <mask> winning 10 state titles at East Anchorage High School — seven in track and three in cross-country running.She was announced the fastest girl on skies and she is the last Alaskan state speed-skiing champion. <mask> took up cross-country skiing in 1998, when her track coach suggested using it as a means of keeping fit during the winter. Skiing career

Early career
After completing High School in Anchorage, Alaska at Bettye Davis East High school, <mask> <mask> decided to stay in her home town, Anchorage to start her undergraduate studies and train with Alaska Pacific University Nordic Ski Center to start her new beginning. Her sixth-place finish in the sprint at the 2001 Junior World Championships was the best ever result by an American woman. <mask> made her Olympic debut as a 19-year-old at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City and finished 44th in the inaugural Olympic individual sprint. In January 2006, <mask> returned to Soldier Hollow, Utah, the site of the 2002 Olympic cross-country competition, and won national titles in the 5-kilometer freestyle, the 10-km classical and the sprint. At the 2005 World Championships in Oberstdorf, Germany, she finished 30th in the individual sprint.2006–2011
At the 2006 Winter Olympics, <mask> finished ninth in the Olympic Sprint, the best ever Olympic result in cross-country skiing by an American woman. Shortly thereafter, she finished fifth in a World Cup sprint. On January 21, 2007, she captured bronze in the women's 1.2-kilometer sprint in Rybinsk, Russia, the best ever cross-country World Cup result by an American woman. Later that calendar year, in the following season, she took the first World Cup win for an American female skier since the introduction of women's competition in 1978

masks: Randall Randall Kikkan Randall Randall Randall Randall


title: Kikkan Randall

texts:
 in another 1.2 kilometre sprint at the same venue. Kikkan won a silver medal in February 2009, at the Nordic Skiing World Championship for the 1.3 Kilometer sprint; she was the first American to take home a World Championship medal since Bill Koch's win in 1982. In January 2010, <mask> qualified for the 2010 Winter Olympics, where she earned a US best finish of sixth in the team sprint and her best individual finish of eighth in the individual sprint event. In the 2010-11 season, she finished third in the Sprint World Cup standings.2011–2012
<mask> became the first American woman to win a World Cup discipline title in cross-country by topping the season's Sprint standings. Her season included wins in the World Cup freestyle sprints in Düsseldorf and Davos. She also finished fifth in the Overall World Cup that season. 2012–2013

<mask> won four World Cup freestyle sprint events, in Quebec, Val Mustair, Sochi, and Lahti. She also won the 3 km freestyle prologue of the Tour de Ski in Oberhof. She won a team freestyle sprint in Quebec with teammate Jessie Diggins. <mask> finished first in the final World Cup sprint standings and third in the overall standings.Third place is the highest ever by a U.S. woman. <mask>, with Diggins, won the first-ever team sprint gold for U.S. women at the World Ski Championships. 2013–2014
<mask> qualified for the U.S. Olympic team at Sochi, and went into the 2014 Winter Olympics as heavily favored to win the USA's first medal in cross-country skiing since 1976, but missed qualifying to advance in the sprint quarterfinals by .05 of a second. Subsequently, she suggested that her focus on peaking for the Olympics was disrupted by a back injury which she sustained whilst training in Davos in December 2013. <mask> topped the overall World Cup sprint standings for a third time. She won the World Cup freestyle sprint events in Nove Mesto, Szklarska Poreba, and Lahti. 2014–2015
<mask>

masks: Randall Randall Randall Randall Randall Randall Randall Randall


title: Kikkan Randall

texts:
 placed third in the Lahti freestyle sprint.In October 2015 <mask> announced that she was expecting her first child in April, and would take a break from competition in the 2015-16 season before returning in 2016-17 with a focus on the 2017 World Championships in Lahti and the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. 2016–2017
Upon returning to competition, <mask> initially struggled, failing to advance beyond qualifying in the first two World Cup Sprint competitions of the season. However she was able to make steady progress, and in January 2017 finished fifth in a World Cup Sprint in Falun, Sweden - her best result in nearly two years. Subsequently, at the 2017 World Nordic Ski Championships in Lahti, Finland, <mask> took the bronze medal in the freestyle sprint, catching Hanna Falk in the last 100 metres to pip her for third place by 0.1 seconds, one place behind team-mate Diggins in second. 2017–2018
In December 2017 <mask> took her first World Cup podium finish in almost three years when she finished third in a sprint in Davos, Switzerland. During the 2018 Winter Olympics, she and Jessie Diggins became the first American cross-country skiers to win a gold medal by winning the women's team sprint at the Alpensia Cross-Country Centre in Pyeongchang, South Korea. Cross-country skiing results
All results are sourced from the International Ski Federation (FIS).Olympic Games
 1 medal – (1 gold)

World Championships
 3 medals – (1 gold, 1 silver, 1 bronze)

World Cup

Season titles
 3 titles – (3 sprint)

Season standings

Individual podiums
 13 victories – (11 , 2 )
 29 podiums – (22 , 7 )

Team podiums
 1 victory – (1 )
 5 podiums – (2 , 3 )

Other achievements
In 2009, <mask> was elected to the International Ski Federation's Athletes Commission, which she served on for eight years. Subsequently, in 2018 she was elected to the International Olympic Committee's Athletes Commission, succeeding American ice

masks: Randall Randall Randall Randall Randall


title: Kikkan Randall

texts:
 hockey player Angela Ruggiero. <mask> defeated teammate Holly Brooks to win the Mount Marathon Race in 2011, following in the footsteps of her mother Debbie (who won the Race in 1975) and aunt Betsy (who won it three years in succession from 1979 to 1981). <mask> was inducted into the Alaska Sports Hall of Fame in 2011. Personal life
<mask> was married to former Canadian ski racer Jeff Ellis. They divorced in October 2021. The couple have a son, Breck, who was born in April 2016.In April 2008 she was diagnosed with the genetic blood clotting disorder Factor V Leiden after being hospitalized twice due to blood clots in her left leg. <mask> mixes studies at Alaska Pacific University with skiing for the APU Nordic Ski Center program run by former national-level ski racer, Erik Flora. On May 31, 2018, three months after winning a gold medal and just a few weeks after officially retiring from skiing, <mask> received a shocking diagnosis of an aggressive form of breast cancer." She announced her diagnosis on her social media accounts that July, as well as her plans to return to Anchorage to undergo chemotherapy. References

External links

USOC profile
U.S. Ski Team Bio

1982 births
Alaska Pacific University alumni
American female cross-country skiers
Cross-country skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Cross-country skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in cross-country skiing
Living people
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic cross-country skiers of the United States
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in cross-country skiing
Olympic medalists in cross-country skiing
Tour de Ski skiers
Sportspeople from Anchorage, Alaska
Skiers from Salt Lake City
International Olympic Committee members
21st-century American


title: John Ogbu

texts:
<mask> (May 9, 1939 – August 20, 2003) was a Nigerian-American anthropologist and professor known for his theories on observed phenomena involving race and intelligence, especially how race and ethnic differences played out in educational and economic achievement. He suggested that being a "caste-like minority" affects motivation and achievement, depressing IQ scores. He also concluded that some students did poorly because high achievement was considered "acting white" among their peers. <mask> was also involved in the 1996 controversy surrounding the use of African American Vernacular English in public schools in Oakland, California. The 2000 book Eminent Educators: Studies in Intellectual Influence focused on him as one of "four intellectual giants of the 20th century." Early life and education
Born in the village of Umudomi, in Onicha Local Government Area, Ebonyi State, <mask> attended Hope Waddell Training Institute and Methodist Teachers' Training College where he taught Latin, mathematics and geography. He enrolled at Princeton Theological Seminary with the intention to become a minister in Nigeria, but soon transferred to the University of California, Berkeley to study anthropology.At Berkley he earned his baccalaureate in 1965, his master's degree in 1969, and his Ph.D. in 1971. He taught at UC Berkeley from 1970 until his death. Involuntary minorities
<mask> argues  that cultural differences alone cannot account for differences in minority education, since some minority communities do quite well and others do not. In addition, he observes that in some cases groups of people of the same race but located in different countries manifested different

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texts: ability and/or achievement levels according to some measures. <mask> points out that there are two kinds of differences between cultures. There are primary differences, which existed before cultures came into contact with each other. Then, there are secondary differences, which come into existence when two cultures interact with each other.He says that many of these secondary differences are created by subordinate groups in opposition to the cultural references of the dominant group. In the U.S. context, <mask> concluded that among U.S. Americans there are "voluntary minorities" (groups of immigrants who chose to come to the United States, and their descendants) versus "involuntary" or "caste-like" minorities (descendants of groups of persons who found themselves in the United States, or under United States jurisdiction, against their will). Voluntary minorities (e.g. Korean-Americans) tend to manifest non-oppositional secondary differences with the dominant culture. On the other hand, involuntary minorities (e.g. Native Americans) tend to manifest oppositional secondary differences with the dominant culture. However, both voluntary non-oppositional cultural subjects and involuntary oppositional cultural subjects are required to adhere to dominant (white) American cultural frames of reference if they want to acquire upward social mobility.In Minority Education and Caste (1978), <mask> argued that involuntary minorities often adopted an oppositional identity to the mainstream culture in response to a glass ceiling imposed or maintained by white society on the job-success of their parents and others in their communities. Therefore, he reasoned, some non-whites

masks: Ogbu Ogbu Ogbu


title: John Ogbu

texts:
 "failed to observe the link between educational achievement and access to jobs." Often, the oppositional culture/identity created by the involuntary minority involves the incorporation of attitudes, behaviors, and speech styles that are stigmatized by the dominant group, which, of course, precludes those who adopt the manifestations of the oppositional culture from external success in the dominant culture. When immigrant minorities (voluntary minorities) acquire the language of the dominant culture, it is seen as an addition to the first language (non-oppositional primary differences). However, when nonimmigrant minorities (involuntary minorities) acquire the language of the dominant culture, it is the negation of their oppositional culture, and thus their cultural reality. Acting white
In 1986 Signithia Fordham co-authored, along with Ogbu, a study which concluded that some African American students in a Washington, D.C., high school did not live up to their academic potential because of the fear of being accused of "acting white." <mask> further echoed these findings in his 2003 book Black American Students in an Affluent Suburb: A Study of Academic Disengagement (which summarized his nine-month research on the educational gap between white and African-American students in the Shaker Heights City School District located in the upscale Cleveland suburb of Shaker Heights, Ohio).His book presents a cultural-ecological theory which highlights two sets of factors that shape minority students’ academic performance: 1) the system (the way society and institutions have historically treated and do treat minorities) and 2) community forces (how minorities respond to


title: John Ogbu

texts:
 <mask>, Walt Wolfram, and others) have long distinguished between the "standard" or "proper" English required in the classroom and black vernacular English spoken at home and with peers. Ogbu encouraged teachers to become familiar with and to make use of this variety (called "Ebonics" by the Oakland Unified School District) in helping speakers of African American Vernacular English acquire Standard American English in addition to their "home" variety. Awards

 1979, Margaret Mead Award from the Society for Applied Anthropology. 1997, Elected Chancellor's Professor at University of California, Berkeley. 1997, Elected Fellow of the International Academy of Education. 1998, Distinguished Contributions to Research in Education Award from the American Educational Research Association. Death
He died in 2003 after suffering from a post-surgery heart attack at the Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center.He is survived by his wife, Marcellina <mask>, and his children Elizabeth, Nnanna, Grace, Cecilia, and Christina. He was buried in Nigeria. See also
 List of people from Ebonyi State

References

Further reading
Berube MR (2000). Eminent Educators: Studies in Intellectual Influence. Greenwood Press. .
Beuchling O (2012). Bildung als Adaptation? <mask><mask> und der kulturökologische Ansatz der Minderheiten- und Sozialisationsforschung.Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin. .
Brandes S, Dundes A, Nader L. In memoriam: <mask>. via University of California. Freedberg L (August 23, 2003). <mask>—Expert on Ethnic Success. San Francisco Chronicle. Gardner-Kitt Black student achievement: The influence of racial identity, ethnic identity, perception of school climate, and

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