title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
 ibn Hammad, who gave <mask>'s lineage as Thabit ibn Numan ibn Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin. The discrepancy in the names, as given by Ismail of <mask>'s grandfather and great-grandfather, are thought to be due to Zuta's adoption of the Arabic name (Numan) upon his acceptance of Islam and that Mah and Marzban were titles or official designations in Persia, with the latter, meaning a margrave, referring to the noble ancestry of <mask>'s family as the Sasanian Marzbans (equivalent of margraves). The widely accepted opinion, however, is that most probably he was of Persian ancestry . His grandfather, Zuta, may have been captured by Muslim troops in Kabul and sold as a slave in Kufa. There, he was purchased and freed by an Arab tribesman of the Taym Allah, a branch of the Banu Bakr. Zuta and his progeny thereafter became clients (mawali) of the Taym Allah, hence the sporadic references to <mask>a as 'al-Taymi' (i.e. 'of the Taym Allah').It is otherwise held that his family emigrated from Charikar north of Kabul to Baghdad in the eighth century. The Indian scholar Qazi Athar Mubarakpuri reports from the grandson of <mask>, who said, "By God, our family was never a slave to anyone and my grandfather Numan was born in 80 AH." Athar also suggests that Zuta had embraced Islam during the reign of Ali and was named Numan. Early life and scholarship
There is scant biographical information about <mask>. It is generally known that he worked a producer and

masks:
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa


title: Abu Hanifa

type: original

texts:
 seller of khazz, a type of silk clothing material. He attended lectures on jurisprudence by the Kufan scholar Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman (d. 737). He also possibly learnt jurisprudence (fiqh) by the Meccan scholar Ata ibn Abi Rabah (d. ) while on Hajj.According to the historian Joseph Schacht, other scholars <mask> is held to have learned from should be "treated with caution". <mask> succeeded Hammad, when the latter died, as the principal authority on Islamic law in Kufa and the chief representative of the Kufan school of jurisprudence. <mask>a gradually gained influence as an authority on legal questions, founding a moderate rationalist school of Islamic jurisprudence that was named after him. Adulthood and death

In 763, al-Mansur, the Abbasid caliph offered <mask>a the post of Chief Judge of the State, but he declined the offer, choosing to remain independent. His student <mask> was later appointed Qadi Al-Qudat (Chief Judge of the State) by the Caliph Harun al-Rashid. In his reply to al-Mansur, <mask> said that he was not fit for the post. Al-Mansur, who had his own ideas and reasons for offering the post, lost his temper and accused <mask> of lying."If I am lying," <mask> said, "then my statement is doubly correct. How can you appoint a liar to the exalted post of a Chief Qadi (Judge)?" Incensed by this reply, the ruler had <mask> arrested, locked in prison and tortured. He was never fed nor cared for. Even there, the jurist continued to teach those who

masks:
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif
Abu Yusuf
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa


title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
 were permitted to come to him. On 15 Rajab 150 (August 15, 767), <mask> died in prison. The cause of his death is not clear, as some say that <mask> issued a legal opinion for bearing arms against Al-Mansur, and the latter had him poisoned.The fellow prisoner and Jewish Karaite founder, Anan ben David, is said to have received life-saving counsel from the subject. It was said that so many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times for more than 50,000 people who had amassed before he was actually buried. On the authority of the historian al-Khatib, it can be said that for full 20 days people went on performing funeral prayer for him. Later, after many years, the Abu Hanifa Mosque was built in the Adhamiyah neighbourhood of Baghdad. <mask> also supported the cause of Zayd ibn Ali and Ibrahim al Qamar both Alid Zaidi Imams. The tomb of Abu Hanifa and the tomb of Abdul Qadir Gilani were destroyed by Shah Ismail of Safavi empire in 1508. In 1533, Ottomans conquered Baghdad and rebuilt the tomb of Abu Hanifa and other Sunni sites.Students
Yusuf ibn Abd al-Rahman al-Mizzi listed 97 hadith scholars who were his students. Most of them were famous hadith scholars, and their narrated hadiths were compiled in the Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih Muslim and other famous books of hadith. Imām Badr al-Din al-Ayni included another 260 students who studied Hadith and Fiqh from <mask>a. His most famous student was Imām <mask>, who served as the

masks:
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Yusuf


title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
 first chief justice in the Muslim world. Another famous student was Imām Muhammad al-Shaybani, who was the teacher of the Shafi‘i school of jurisprudence founder, Imām Al-Shafi‘i. His other students include:

 Abdullah ibn Mubarak
 <mask> Fadl Ibn Dukain
 Malik bin Mighwal
 Dawood Taa’ee
 Mandil bin Ali
 Qaasim bin Ma’n
 Hayyaaj bin Bistaam
 Hushaym bin Basheer Sulami
 Fudhayl bin Iyaadh
 Ali bin Tibyaan
 Wakee bin Jarrah
 Amr bin Maymoon
 <mask>
 Zuhayr bin Mu’aawiyah
 Aafiyah bin Yazeed

Sources and methodology
The sources from which <mask> derived Islamic law, in order of importance and preference, are: the Qur'an, the authentic narrations of the Muslim prophet Muhammad (known as hadith), consensus of the Muslim community (ijma), analogical reasoning (qiyas), juristic discretion (istihsan) and the customs of the local population enacting said law (urf). The development of analogical reason and the scope and boundaries by which it may be used is recognized by the majority of Muslim jurists, but its establishment as a legal tool is the result of the Hanafi school.While it was likely used by some of his teachers, <mask> is regarded by modern scholarship as the first to formally adopt and institute analogical reason as a part of Islamic law. As the fourth Caliph, Ali had transferred the Islamic capital to Kufa, and many of the first generation of Muslims had settled there, the Hanafi school of law based many of its rulings on the prophetic tradition as

masks:
Abu Nuim
Abu Ismah
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa


title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
 transmitted by those first generation Muslims residing in Iraq. Thus, the Hanafi school came to be known as the Kufan or Iraqi school in earlier times. Ali and Abdullah, son of Masud formed much of the base of the school, as well as other personalities from the direct relatives (or Ahli-ll-Bayṫ) of Moḥammad from whom <mask> had studied such as Muhammad al-Baqir. Many jurists and historians had reportedly lived in Kufa, including one of <mask>a's main teachers, Hammad ibn Abi Sulayman. Generational status

<mask> is regarded by some as one of the Tabi‘un, the generation after the Sahaba, who were the companions of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. This is based on reports that he met at least four Sahaba including Anas ibn Malik, with some even reporting that he transmitted Hadith from him and other companions of Muhammad.Others take the view that <mask>a only saw around half a dozen companions, possibly at a young age, and did not directly narrate hadith from them. <mask> was born 67 years after the death of Muhammad, but during the time of the first generation of Muslims, some of whom lived on until <mask>a's youth. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad's personal attendant, died in 93 AH and another companion, <mask> Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when <mask>a was 20 years old. The author of al-Khairat al-Hisan collected information from books of biographies and cited the names of Muslims of the first generation from whom it is reported that the <mask>a had

masks:
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abul
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif


title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
 transmitted hadith. He counted them as sixteen, including Anas ibn Malik, Jabir ibn Abd-Allah and Sahl ibn Sa'd. Reception

He attained a very high status in the various fields of sacred knowledge and significantly influenced the development of Muslim theology. During his lifetime, he was acknowledged by the people as a jurist of the highest calibre.Outside of his scholarly achievements, <mask> is popularly known amongst Sunni Muslims as a man of the highest personal qualities:  a performer of good works, remarkable for his self-denial, humble spirit, devotion and pious awe of God. His tomb, surmounted by a dome erected by admirers in 1066 is still a shrine for pilgrims. It was given a restoration in 1535 by Suleiman the Magnificent upon the Ottoman conquest of Baghdad. The honorific title al-Imam al-A'zam ("the greatest leader") was granted to him both in communities where his legal theory is followed and elsewhere. According to John Esposito, 45% of all Muslims follow the Hanafi school. <mask> also had critics. The Zahiri scholar Ibn Hazm quotes Sufyan ibn `Uyaynah: "[T]he affairs of men were in harmony until they were changed by Abù Hanìfa in Kùfa, al-Batti in Basra and Màlik in Medina".Early Muslim jurist Hammad ibn Salamah once related a story about a highway robber who posed as an old man to hide his identity; he then remarked that were the robber still alive he would be a follower of <mask>a. Connection with the family of Muhammad

As with Malik

masks:
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif


title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
 ibn Anas (who was a teacher of Imam al-Shafi'i, who in turn was a teacher of Sunni Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal), Imam <mask>a was a student of Ja'far al-Sadiq, who was a descendant of the Islamic Nabi (Prophet) Muhammad. Thus all of the four great Imams of Sunni Fiqh are connected to Ja'far from the Bayt (Household) of Muhammad, whether directly or indirectly. In one hadith, <mask> once said about Imam Ja'far: "I have not seen anyone with more knowledge than Ja'far ibn Muhammad." However, in another hadith, <mask> said: "I met with Zayd (Ja'far's uncle) and I never saw in his generation a person more knowledgeable, as quick a thinker, or more eloquent than he was." Opposition to deviations in belief
Imam <mask> is quoted as saying that Jahm ibn Safwan (d. 128/745) went so far in his denial of anthropomorphism (Tashbih) as to declare that 'God is nothing (Allah laysa bi shay')'. And Muqatil ibn Sulayman's extremism (d. 150/767), on the other side, likened God with His creatures.Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi narrated in his Tarikh Baghdad (History of Baghdad) that <mask> <mask> said:

Works

Confusion regarding Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar
The attribution of Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar has been disputed by A.J. Wensick, as well as Zubair Ali Zai. Other scholars have upheld that <mask> was the author such as Muhammad Zahid Al-Kawthari, al-Bazdawi, and Abd al-Aziz al-Bukhari. Past Scholar, Ibn Abil-'Izz Al-Hanafi even attributed the book to <mask>a

Scholars such as Mufti Abdur-Rahman have

masks:
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Imam Abu
Hanifa
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif


title: Abu Hanifa

texts:
 pointed out that the book being brought into question by Wensick is actually another work by <mask> called: "Al-Fiqh Al-Absat". Citations

Further reading

 Abdur-Rahman ibn Yusuf, <mask> <mask>'s Al-Fiqh Al-Akbar Explained

Online
 Abū Ḥanīfah: Muslim jurist and theologian, in Encyclopædia Britannica Online, by Zafar Ishaq Ansari, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Thinley Kalsang Bhutia, Surabhi Sinha and Adam Zeidan

External links

 The Life of Imam <mask>a Biography at Lost Islamic History. <mask> Hanifa by Jamil Ahmad. Al-Wasiyyah of <mask> <mask> Translated into English by Shaykh Imam Tahir Mahmood al-Kiani.Book on Imam e Azam <mask> (Urdu)
 <mask>a on Muslim heritage
 Imām Abū Ḥanīfah By Shiekh G. F. Haddad
 Some teachers and students of Imam <mask>a

699 births
767 deaths
8th-century Arabic writers
8th-century Iranian people
Deaths by poisoning
Hanafi
Mujaddid
People from Kabul
People from Kufa
People from Najaf Province
Persian scholars
Quranic exegesis scholars
Sunni fiqh scholars
Sunni imams
Sunni Muslim scholars
Taba‘ at-Tabi‘in
Tabi‘un
Critics of atheism
8th-century Muslim

masks:
Abu Hanifa
Imam Abu
Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Imam Abu
Imam Abu
Hanifah
Abu Hanifa
Abu Hanif
Abu Hanif


title: Jack Panella

texts:
<mask> (born May 4, 1955) is a Judge on the Superior Court of Pennsylvania. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Prior to his election to the Superior Court, he was a Judge on the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County, Pennsylvania. Personal
He attended St. John's University and graduated in 1977 with a B.S. degree in Accounting. He was a participant in the Business Honors Program. He then received his J.D.degree in 1980 from The Catholic University of America Columbus School of Law, where he received the American Jurisprudence award from The Lawyers Co-Operative Publishing Company for the highest grade in Contracts. Following graduation, he was selected to be a Judicial Law Clerk in the Court of Common Pleas of Northampton County, Pennsylvania. From 1982 to 1991, he maintained his law practice as a sole practitioner. His clients included Larry Holmes, the former world's heavyweight boxing champion, and the late Al Loquasto, a former champion professional race car driver. As an Assistant County Solicitor for Northampton County, he represented the Department of Human Services, including the Children and Youth Services Division, the Mental Health Division, and the Area Agency on Aging, and became known for his strong advocacy of victims. In May 1987, he was the youngest attorney in the history of Northampton County to be selected as the County Solicitor. In 2002, he was selected to join the United States Army National Guard to visit United States troops in Germany and Bosnia.The trip was a cooperative effort of the 28th Infantry Division with the Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve (ESGR) Committee. Judge <mask> is a member of the American Bar Association, the Pennsylvania Bar Association, and the Northampton County Bar Association. He is also a member of the American Judges Association. Judicial career
Judge <mask>'s election to appellate court in 2003 followed twelve years as a trial judge. He was appointed to the Northampton County Bench in

masks:
Jack Anthony Panella
Panella
Panella


title: Jack Panella

texts: 1991 by Governor Robert P. Casey. He then became the second youngest judge in the history of Northampton County. In 1993 he was elected to a full ten-year term commencing January 1, 1994.He presided over civil and criminal trials and was also the Administrative Judge for Asbestos Litigation, which involved complex mass tort litigation. While a trial judge, he was a member of the Pennsylvania Conference of State Trial Judges. He was Chair of the Commonwealth Partners Program, where he participated in statewide meetings with other judges and legislators in discussing and resolving issues of mutual concern. In recognition of the success of this program, Judge <mask> received the President's Award from the Conference of State Trial Judges in 2002. In his capacity as a trial judge, Judge <mask> was also a member of the Judicial Ethics Committee of the Conference. He was elected to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania in November 2003, and was sworn into office as an appellate judge on January 9, 2004. He now presides over appeals from civil, criminal and family law cases.He served a five-year term as the statewide Administrative Judge for Wiretap & Electronic Surveillance in Pennsylvania. He was named runner up for the 2003 Politician of the Year by the political website PoliticsPA. A well-publicized murder trial presided over by <mask>, provided the basis for the book Lipstick and Blood (Pinnacle True Crime 2006), by John Kearney. It is a nonfiction book about the joint murder trial of husband and wife defendants, Michelle Hetzel and Brandon Bloss, who were charged with the murder of Devon Guzman. In 2004, he was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to the Commission for Justice Initiatives in Pennsylvania (CJI), a committee organized to coordinate and recommend judicial outreach and specialized court programs. He was the Chair of the Public Education and Community Outreach subcommittee of the Commission. As part of his responsibilities for the CJI,

masks:
Panella
Panella
Judge Panella


title: Jack Panella

texts:
 Judge <mask> conceived and wrote a popular short film on the history and operation of the Pennsylvania Judiciary.Judge <mask> had extensive experience in matters of judicial ethics and discipline. On August 26, 1997, Judge <mask> was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to be a judge of the Pennsylvania Court of Judicial Discipline (CJD)], a constitutional court that hears charges filed by the Judicial Conduct Board against judicial officers. In June 2000, he was elected President Judge by his fellow judges. His four-year term expired in August 2001. In 2005, he was appointed by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania to the Judicial Conduct Board (JCB), which is the investigatory and prosecutorial arm of the judicial discipline system in Pennsylvania. In July 2007, he was elected Chair of the Judicial Conduct Board, making him the only judge in the history of Pennsylvania to be elected both Chair of the JCB as well as President Judge of the CJD. In 2013, Judge <mask> became the only judge to be reappointed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court to the Court of Judicial Discipline.He again served as the President Judge in 2017. Judge <mask>'s first book, The Pennsylvania Sexual Violence Benchbook, was published in December 2007. The book is a comprehensive reference designed to help judges for the complex criminal issues surrounding sexual violence cases. The book has received very favorable reviews. The Third Edition of the Benchbook was published in 2015 and is available on the websites of the Administrative Office of Pennsylvania Courts and the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape. In recognition of his work in judicial education regarding crimes of sexual violence, Judge <mask> received the national recognition of the NSVRC Visionary Voice Award in 2017 by the National Sexual Violence Resource Center. References

1955 births
Living people
St. John's University (New York City) alumni
Columbus School of Law alumni
Judges of the Superior Court of

masks: Panella Panella Panella Panella Panella Panella


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
<mask> (August 10, 1921 – July 29, 2007) was a news reporter for television station KTRK-TV in Houston, Texas, United States. His investigative journalism, through which he mostly represented the city's elderly and working class, made him one of the city's most influential and well-known media personalities. Early life

Zindler attended Pershing Middle School and Lamar High School in Houston before graduating from San Jacinto High School in Houston. He went on to John Tarleton Agricultural College (now Tarleton State University) in Stephenville, Texas. In 1941, when the United States entered World War II, Zindler joined the United States Marine Corps and later received an honorable discharge for medical reasons. <mask>'s father, <mask>, who founded and owned a successful clothing store in Houston, was disappointed in <mask>, whom Abe considered frivolous and irresponsible. Abe wanted his sons to inherit the store, a career course that <mask> was reluctant to take because of his father's sometimes angry behavior.When Abe died in 1963, <mask>'s inheritance was instead allocated to a trust for Zindler's children. Early career
<mask> began his broadcasting career in 1943 as a part-time night radio disc jockey and spot news reporter at Houston radio station KATL (the current-day KMIC (1590)) while working for his family's clothing store. Beginning in 1951, when he worked for KATL, he hosted The Roving Mike, a 30-minute radio program airing on Sundays that documented crime and the people involved in Houston. In 1950 Zindler became a reporter and cameraman for Southwest Film

masks:
Marvin Harold Zindler
Zindler
Abe Zindler
Marvin
Marvin
Marvin
Zindler


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
 Production Company which produced the 6 p.m. news for KPRC-TV, but in 1954, he was fired by an executive who said he was "too ugly" to work in TV. Two years later, Zindler joined the Scripps Howard Houston Press to work part-time as a crime reporter and photographer. While working for the newspaper and his father's store, <mask> became dissatisfied with the retail business and in 1962 took a career detour to join the Harris County Sheriff's Office. He handled Civil Process for two years and then joined the Fugitive Squad where his work took him all over the world to extradite fugitives.Two years before joining KTRK-TV, Zindler was assigned by the Sheriff and District Attorney to establish a Consumer Fraud Division with the Harris County District Attorney's Office. This division is still in operation today. It was during this time of his career that he got his first taste of working on behalf of people. After Jack Heard was elected Sheriff of Harris County in 1972, Zindler was unceremoniously let go, a move that Zindler blamed on agitated car dealers who were alleged to have been rolling back odometers. At KTRK-TV
Upon news of Zindler's departure from the Harris County Sheriff's Department, KTRK anchor Dave Ward recommended Zindler to the station's assistant news director. On January 1, 1973, <mask> joined KTRK, a station with a news program languishing in third place. The "Chicken Ranch" story
Zindler made local and national headlines when he and fellow journalist Larry Conners reported on a long-lived brothel known as the Chicken Ranch in Fayette County, Texas, near La

masks:
Zindler
Marvin Zindler


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
 Grange, which led to its closure in 1973.The Chicken Ranch story was featured in a 1973 edition of Texas Monthly magazine, two 1974 issues of Playboy magazine, was the basis for the Broadway and film musical The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, in which the character of Melvin P. Thorpe was based on Zindler. It also served as the basis of the song "La Grange" by ZZ Top. The closing did not go well with the sheriff of Fayette County, Jim T. Flournoy, who later attacked Zindler in a fight that left Zindler with two fractured ribs, along with a snatched toupee. Reportedly, Flournoy waved the hairpiece in the air as if it were a prized enemy scalp and threw it in the street. Governor Dolph Briscoe closed the operation, only to have it open again after a few months. Then <mask> stepped in to shed more light on the operation, which led to its being closed for good. Lifetime contract
The story, along with his trademark reporting style, was instrumental in Zindler signing an unprecedented lifetime contract with Capital Cities/ABC, Inc. and KTRK-TV in September 1988, which he honored.The last story filed was to help an American citizen obtain a Social Security card. Zindler had been a primary factor in KTRK's rise from a perennial third in the ratings to its usual number one position. "Rat and Roach Report"
<mask> was also famed in Houston for his self-described Rat and Roach Report, where he read details from his controversial City of Houston Food Inspection Program restaurant reports on the air. These reports soon became famous for <mask>'s enthusiastic reports of "sliiiiime in

masks: Zindler Zindler Zindler


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
 the ice machine! ", which quickly became a catchphrase of his, and eventually given their own subsection at the end of the reports. Hundreds, if not thousands, of restaurants in Greater Houston have made at least one appearance on his reports. KTRK-TV's own commissary was cited on one occasion.<mask>'s Rat and Roach Reports were traditionally broadcast on Friday nights live during KTRK's 6 p.m. newscast and rebroadcast later during the station's 10 p.m. newscast. Two spin-off segments resulted from these reports:
In the first spin-off, <mask>ler also rewarded restaurants for operating clean kitchens continuously with his "Blue Ribbon Awards," which was done in his final years with local beauty pageant contestants giving the envelopes of the winning restaurants to Zindler. The other spin-off showcased places where Zindler preferred to dine, called "Where <mask> Likes to Eat...". Most of these restaurants were locally based restaurants, while a handful of them were national chains, including McDonald's and Ruth's Chris Steak House. But Zindler's favorite place to eat, which was seen in the last segment of this spin-off feature, was his home. On Friday nights, Zindler also gave viewers additional good wishes just before his traditional sign-off: "Have a good weekend - good golf, good tennis, or whatever makes you happy." Other stories
Zindler's reports on KTRK also included international stories, many involving trips to various third-world countries; segments in which local business owners (known as Marvin's Angels) provided services to people in dire financial or physical

masks:
Zindler
Marvin Zind
Marvin


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
 health; and stories focused on the elderly, including nursing home abuse investigations.On his Friday reports, Zindler had also reported birthday and wedding anniversary greetings on air, usually involving those celebrating their 100th birthday or at least a 50th wedding anniversary. The station has stated that over 100,000 requests for help from Zindler were received yearly. In choosing stories, Zindler focused on two factors – neediness and chance of success. While low income was a key factor, being selected for a story had more to do with an injustice than with income. <mask>'s trademark signoff at the end of each report was, nearly shouting: "<mask>ler... Eyewitness News." Honors
<mask> was the recipient of hundreds of awards from news organizations, charity groups, and medical professionals. The Plastic Surgeons of America honored Zindler for his openness and honesty in talking about his cosmetic surgeries and for the help he obtained for charity patients who desperately needed reconstructive surgery.He was a Freemason, a member of Temple Lodge #4 in Houston and was particularly proud of the 33rd Degree that was conferred upon him by the Scottish Rite. Personal life
<mask> was Jewish. In 1941, he married his first wife, the former Gertrude S. Kugler (May 30, 1921 – November 28, 1997). They had five children together; <mask>., Donny, Danny, Mark and Helen. When Gertrude died, Zindler vowed he would never marry again, yet he fell in love with Niki Devine and married her in 2006. Before his death, <mask> and Niki <mask> lived in the Houston neighborhood of Maplewood,

masks:
Marvin Zindler
Marvin Zind
Zindler
Zindler
Marvin Jr
Marvin
Zindler


title: Marvin Zindler

texts: where Zindler had lived continuously for forty-eight years. They were the owners of a dog, Magic, a bichon frisé.Additionally, Zindler owned a cat, Sugar, who died in 2006. At the time of his death, Zindler had five children, nine grandchildren, and one great-grandchild. At one point in the 1970s, Zindler considered running for Congress as a Republican, and the local GOP commissioned surveys that predicted he would win. However, Gertrude was hesitant to leave Houston, and the plans were dropped. Also, <mask> described himself as a social liberal who supported universal health care and the feminist movement. He had initially been a Democrat and a Lyndon B. Johnson supporter. <mask>'s father was a four-term mayor of suburban Bellaire and was also a liberal; he was a card-carrying member of the NAACP and opponent of the Ku Klux Klan and his clothing store was among a handful of Houston businesses that advertised in African-American newspapers.<mask> was known for wearing makeup continually, loved cigars, and was a frequent golfer. He had his own producer and cameraman as well as his own editing suite at KTRK. <mask> was also noted for his seventeen cosmetic surgeries, the first of which took place in 1954 after the KPRC-TV firing. KTRK's longtime investigative reporter, Wayne Dolcefino, has described Zindler's eccentric behavior in the office, including loud phone conversations (which Dolcefino attributed to his poor hearing) and trademark zealous pursuit of reports. On November 10, 1999, <mask> appeared on KTRK's locally produced mid-morning talk show at the time, Debra

masks: Zindler Zindler Zindler Zindler Zindler


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
 Duncan as the show paid tribute to him as well as talking about his life and legacy. Illness and death
On July 5, 2007, it was announced on KTRK's 6:00 p.m. newscast that Zindler was diagnosed with inoperable pancreatic cancer that had also spread to his liver. In a news conference, Zindler said he would continue to work.Zindler stated that he planned to stay on the air as his illness was treated, even doing restaurant reports and greetings from his bedside. <mask> died from the cancer at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center in the Texas Medical Center section of Houston on July 29, 2007, two nights after what would turn out to be his final newscast. <mask>'s funeral took place on Wednesday, August 1, 2007 at Congregation Beth Israel of Houston. ABC-13 staff members and Houston-area religious figures, such as Joel Osteen, Archbishop Joseph Fiorenza, Reverend Bill Lawson (anchor Melanie Lawson's father), and Reverend Kirbyjon Caldwell were among those presenting tributes to Zindler at the funeral. He was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery, Houston, Texas. Legacy
The role of Melvin P. Thorpe, as played by Dom DeLuise, in the 1982 film The Best Little Whorehouse in Texas, is based on Zindler. In November 2007, Bellaire Park in Bellaire, Texas was renamed to Bellaire Zindler Park.See also

 History of the Jews in Houston

References
 Snyder, Jill Donnie and Eric K. Goodman. Friend of the Court, 1947-1982: The Anti-defamation League of B'nai B'rith : to Secure Justice and Fair Treatment for All. The League, 1983

Notes

Further reading

External

masks: Zindler Zindler


title: Marvin Zindler

texts:
 links
Thankyoumarvin.com- KTRK's <mask>ler
KTRK - <mask>ler
KTRK - The Chicken Ranch Story
KTRK's video clips of Zindler
KTRK - Media Critique

"The Roving Mike" radio show (Houston Chronicle)
"<mask>, 85, Crusader in ‘Whorehouse in Texas’ Case, Is Dead" (NY Times)
 <mask>, <mask> and Louis Marciafava. Marvin Zindler Oral History, Houston Oral History Project, January 20, 1975. 1921 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American Jews
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
American radio reporters and correspondents
Consumer rights activists
Deaths from cancer in Texas
Deaths from pancreatic cancer
Radio personalities from Texas
Television anchors from Houston
Texas Republicans
United States Marines
Lamar High School (Houston, Texas) alumni
San Jacinto High School alumni
Tarleton State University alumni
21st-century American

masks:
Marvin Zind
Marvin Zind
Marvin Zindler
Zindler
Marvin


title: John Wall

texts:
<mask>. (born September 6, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A Raleigh, North Carolina native, <mask> was chosen with the first overall pick of the 2010 NBA draft by the Washington Wizards after playing one year of college basketball for the Kentucky Wildcats. <mask>, who plays the point guard position, was a five-time NBA All-Star from 2014 to 2018 and was named to the All-NBA Team in 2017. However, he experienced multiple injuries in 2019 and missed more than two years of basketball before being traded to Houston in December 2020. Early life
<mask> was born on September 6, 1990 to Frances Pulley and <mask>. When he was a year old, his father, who had previously served time in prison for second-degree murder, was convicted of armed robbery. <mask>. was released from prison on August 24, 1999, but died of liver cancer a month later at age 52.<mask>'s older half-brother, <mask> <mask>., promised at their father's funeral to take care of the family, but was incarcerated the next year and released in 2018. Throughout <mask>'s childhood, his mother worked multiple jobs to support him, his sister, Cierra, and his half-sister, Tonya. The death of his father caused <mask> to frequently reject the authority of adults and act up, occasionally fighting, mostly in middle school. He was cited for breaking and entering as a teenager. <mask> played for two AAU basketball teams, first Garner Road and then D-One Sports. High school career
<mask> played his first two years of high school

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texts: basketball at Garner Magnet High School in Garner, North Carolina. After his second season, his family moved to Raleigh, where he repeated his sophomore year at Needham B. Broughton High School.Despite having a very impressive tryout, <mask> was cut from the school's varsity team for attitude-related issues. For this reason, he transferred to Word of God Christian Academy, also in Raleigh. It was there that <mask> set about the reform of his attitude and related issues. Coach Levi Beckwith worked with <mask>, first to stop demeaning his teammates for missed layups, and later to improve his facial expressions and general demeanor. On the heels of his second sophomore year of high school, in the summer of 2007, <mask> was invited to the prestigious Reebok All-American Camp in Philadelphia; there, he distinguished himself by scoring 28 points against a team that featured future lottery pick Brandon Jennings. In 2008, <mask> played in the Elite 24 Hoops Classic, at which he scored 10 points and won co-MVP honors alongside Dominic Cheek, Maalik Wayns, and Lance Stephenson. As a fifth-year senior in 2009, <mask> averaged 19.7 points, 9 assists, and over 8 rebounds for Word of God Christian Academy and was ranked one of the best high school basketball players in the class of that year.He led the Holy Rams basketball team all the way to the North Carolina Class 1A state championship; they were ultimately defeated by United Faith Christian Academy 56–53, but not before that school's Ian Miller hit a 40 foot game-clinching jump shot at the buzzer. <mask> scored 11

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 points in the contest. He was selected to participate in the 2009 Nike Hoop Summit in Portland, Oregon; he scored 13 points to go along with 11 assists and 5 steals at the high-profile event. He was also selected to play in the Jordan Brand Classic that year at Madison Square Garden, where he notched 6 assists. College career

Originally recruited by the University of Kentucky, Duke University, Georgia Tech, and University of Kansas, <mask> announced his commitment to attend the University of Kentucky on May 19, 2009. He was suspended by the NCAA from Kentucky's first exhibition game and first regular season game for travel benefits he received from his AAU coach Brian Clifton, a certified agent at the time. In his first action as a Wildcat, in an exhibition game against Clarion University of Pennsylvania, the freshman point guard led his team to victory with 27 points and 9 assists in 28 minutes of playing time.In his collegiate debut at Kentucky versus Miami University, <mask> made the game-winning shot with .5 seconds left on the clock to help then #5 ranked Kentucky win. He finished with 19 points, 2 rebounds, 5 assists, and 3 steals. On December 29, 2009, against Hartford, <mask> set the Kentucky single-game assist record with 16, 11 in the first half, with only 1 turnover. The mark was previously held by Travis Ford, at 15, and was broken on Ford's 40th birthday. <mask> scored 9 points, failing to break double digits for the first time in his college career. On September 22, 2017, <mask> was inducted into the University of Kentucky Athletics Hall of

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 Fame. Professional career
Because <mask> was a fifth-year high school senior in 2009 and would turn 19 by the end of the year, some sources argued that he would be eligible for the 2009 NBA draft.League rules stated that American players must turn 19 during the year of the draft and be a year removed from their regular high school class. NBA spokesman Tim Frank told sportswriter Chad Ford that the league was not sure whether <mask> met the second criterion, and that league officials would need to "do [their] due diligence to determine his eligibility". <mask> announced in April 2009 that he was not entering the 2009 NBA draft, where he was expected to be the first player taken, and would attend Kentucky instead. Washington Wizards (2010–2020)

On April 7, 2010, <mask> announced that he would forgo his final three seasons of collegiate eligibility and enter the 2010 NBA draft, where he was expected to be the first overall selection for the Washington Wizards. On May 3, <mask> signed with agent Dan Fegan. On June 23, 2010, Reebok revealed <mask> as its latest signing, casting him as the face of its latest basketball shoe, the ZigTech Slash. On June 24, 2010, <mask> was drafted as the first overall pick by the Wizards.On June 25, 2010, Mayor Adrian Fenty of Washington, D.C., declared June 25 <mask> Day on a plaque handed to <mask> during his Wizards presser. 2010–11 season
<mask> was named the Most Valuable Player of the 2010 Las Vegas Summer League, averaging 23.5 points, 7.8 assists, 4.0 rebounds and 2.5 steals in 32.3 minutes per game. <mask> made his NBA

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 debut in a 112–83 loss to the Orlando Magic. He had 14 points, 9 assists, and 3 steals. In his third game, his first home game, he tied a franchise record with nine steals, and became only the second player in NBA history to get nine assists or more in each of his first three games. On November 10, <mask> recorded his first career triple-double with 19 points, 10 rebounds, and 13 assists to go along with 6 steals and only 1 turnover. <mask> was the third youngest player to record a triple-double in NBA history.<mask> was named 2011 Rookie Game MVP during the 2011 All-Star Weekend. <mask> was also named Eastern Conference Rookie of the Month from January–April and finished second in Rookie of the Year voting behind unanimous selection Blake Griffin and was named to the NBA All-Rookie First Team. 2011–12 season
<mask> would play in and start all of the Wizards' 66 games during the 2011–12 lockout shortened season. He was selected to play in the NBA All-Star Weekend Rising Stars Challenge. He was drafted to play for Team Chuck, a mix of rookies and sophomores. <mask> finished the season averaging 16.3 points, 8.0 assists, and 4.5 rebounds per game. 2012–13 season
<mask> missed the beginning of the 2012–13 because of a knee injury.On January 12, he returned against the Atlanta Hawks, scoring 14 points in a Wizards win. On March 18, <mask> was named the Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played between March 11 and March 17. In a road game against the Los Angeles Lakers on March 22, <mask> recorded 24 points and a career-high 16 assists in a win. On

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 March 25, in a win over the Memphis Grizzlies, <mask> scored a career-high 47 points to go along with 7 rebounds and 8 assists. <mask> ended the season with averages of 18.5 points, 7.6 assists, and 4.0 rebounds a game. 2013–14 season

On July 31, 2013, <mask>, labeled by the Wizards as a designated player, signed a five-year contract extension worth approximately $80 million. On January 22, 2014, <mask> recorded his second career triple-double with 28 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 111-113 overtime loss to the Boston Celtics.On January 30, 2014, <mask> was selected as an East reserve for the 2014 NBA All-Star Game, making this his first All-Star team. During All-Star weekend, he became the first in Washington franchise history to win the Slam Dunk Contest after fans voted him the Dunker of the Night. His final dunk was a reverse slam assisted by the Wizards' mascot. On February 27, 2014, <mask> had 31 points and 9 assists as the Wizards won a triple overtime game against the Raptors 134-129. It was the franchise's first triple-overtime game since 1975. On March 1, 2014, <mask> recorded a then career-high 16 assists, along with 17 points, 3 rebounds, and 2 steals, in a 122-103 victory over the Philadelphia 76ers. <mask> averaged 19.3 points, 8.8 assists, and 4.1 rebounds on the season as the Wizards finished as the fifth seed in the East and qualified for the playoffs for the first time in six years.They went on to defeat the Chicago Bulls 4 games to 1 in their first round playoff match-up. After defeating the Bulls, <mask> and the Wizards lost in

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 the second round to the Indiana Pacers in 6 games. 2014–15 season
On December 8, 2014, <mask> recorded 26 points, 7 rebounds, 3 steals and a then career-high 17 assists in a 133–132 double-overtime win over the Boston Celtics. Following the game, <mask> dedicated the win to his close friend, six-year-old Damiyah Telemaque-Nelson, who had died of cancer earlier that day. When asked by a reporter "She meant a lot to you, didn't she? ", he broke down and started to cry. He later gave her family all of his gear that he wore that night, including his shoes which had Damiyah's name on them.He went on to tie his career-high of 17 assists, along with 21 points, on December 16 in a 109–95 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. On January 22, 2015, he was named an Eastern Conference starter for the 2015 NBA All-Star Game, earning his first starting gig after garnering 886,368 votes. On March 14, 2015, <mask> tied his season-high of 31 points while adding 12 assists in a 113–97 win over the Sacramento Kings. On April 3, he recorded 6 points and a then career-high 18 assists in a 101–87 win over the New York Knicks. On April 21, he recorded a Wizards playoff franchise record for assists with 17 as the Wizards defeated the Toronto Raptors 117–106 to take a 2–0 lead in their first-round playoff series. The Wizards went on to win the series with a 4–0 sweep, but lost their second-round series to the Atlanta Hawks in six games. 2015–16 season

After starting the 2015–16 season with six wins over the first 10 games, the Wizards went on a four-game losing streak between

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texts: November 24 and November 28.<mask> averaged 15.0 points, 5.5 assists and 2.3 steals per game over that losing stretch, and shot just 33.3% from the field. On December 1, <mask> recorded a then season-high 35 points, 10 assists and 5 steals in a 97–85 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers, breaking the Cavaliers 9–0 unbeaten streak at home to begin the season, and broke the Wizards' four-game losing streak. Following the win over the Cavaliers, <mask> stated "Every team is trying to make me make jump shots this year, so I was just being aggressive and getting to the basket. I got into a rhythm early and it helped us get going." <mask>'s shooting percentage over the first 14 games of the season was a career worst (.390), as was his 16.1 point average. The next day, in a loss to the Los Angeles Lakers, <mask> recorded his first career back-to-back 30-point, 10-assist game, finishing the game with 34 points and 11 assists. On December 21, <mask> recorded 12 points and a career-high 19 assists in a 113–99 win over the Sacramento Kings.On December 30, in a loss to the Toronto Raptors, <mask> recorded his seventh straight double-double and 17th of the season. He averaged 22.6 points and 11.7 assists in 16 December games. He subsequently earned NBA Eastern Conference Player of the Month honors for December. On January 16, he recorded a season-high 36 points, 13 assists and 7 steals against the Boston Celtics, but missed a potential tying layup at the buzzer, as the Wizards were defeated 119–117. He topped his season-high mark on February 3, scoring 41 points in a


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 134–121 loss to the Golden State Warriors. Two days later, he recorded his fourth career triple-double with 18 points, a career-high 13 rebounds and 10 assists in a 106–94 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. On February 23, he recorded his second triple-double of the season and fifth of his career with 16 points, 12 rebounds and 11 assists in a 109–89 win over the New Orleans Pelicans.On March 16, he recorded his third triple-double of the season with 29 points, 12 assists and 10 rebounds in a 117–96 win over the Chicago Bulls. The next day, he recorded his second straight triple-double with 16 points, 14 assists and 13 rebounds in a 99–94 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. 2016–17 season

Following off-season surgery on both knees, <mask> was rested in the second of back-to-back night games early on in the 2016–17 season, as a way of limiting his minutes. With eight assists against the Houston Rockets on November 7, <mask> broke Wes Unseld's franchise record (3,822) for career assists. On November 21, he recorded 18 points, a then season-high 15 assists and three blocked shots in a 106–101 win over the Phoenix Suns. By late November, his minutes restriction was lifted. On December 6, he scored a career-high 52 points in a 124–116 loss to the Orlando Magic.He made 18-of-31 from the field and added eight assists. With seven steals against the Charlotte Hornets on December 14, <mask> became Washington's franchise leader in steals, surpassing Greg Ballard (762). On December 26, he had 18 points and a then season-high 16 assists in a 107–102 win over the Milwaukee


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texts: Bucks. On January 2, 2017, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, December 26 through Sunday, January 1. He led the Wizards to a 3–0 week while averaging 24.3 points (eighth in the East), an NBA-leading 13.0 assists, 5.3 rebounds and 2.67 steals (second in the East). A day later, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Month for December. On January 6, 2017, <mask> recorded 18 points and a season-high 18 assists in a 112–105 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.Later that month, he was named an Eastern Conference All-Star reserve for the 2017 NBA All-Star Game. On February 28, 2017, he tied his career high with 19 assists in a 112–108 win over the Golden State Warriors. On March 11, 2017, he scored 39 points in a 125–124 overtime win over the Portland Trail Blazers. Two days later, he was named Eastern Conference Player of the Week for games played Monday, March 6 through Sunday, March 12. <mask> led the Wizards to a 4–0 week, with all of Washington's wins coming on the road. He paced the East in scoring (29.8 ppg) and assists (11.3 apg) while adding 3.3 rebounds and 1.5 steals. On March 17, he set a new career high with 20 assists to go with 14 points in a 112–107 win over the Chicago Bulls.On April 2, <mask> had 15 points and 11 assists in a 139–115 loss to Golden State. As a result, he set the single-season franchise assists record with No. 802 in the third quarter, topping Rod Strickland's 1997–98 record of 801. On April 16, <mask> scored a playoff career-high 32 points in a 114–107 win over the Atlanta Hawks in

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 Game 1 of their first-round series. In Game 6 of the series on April 28, <mask> set a new playoff career with 42 points to help the Wizards eliminate the Hawks with a 115–99 victory, capturing the opening-round series 4–2. On May 12, he helped the Wizards avoid elimination and force a Game 7 in their second-round series against the Boston Celtics after hitting the game-winning 3-pointer with 3.5 seconds left in Game 6, lifting the Wizards to a 92–91 win. He finished the game with 26 points.The Wizards went on to lose Game 7 despite <mask>'s 18 points and 11 assists, as they bowed out of the playoffs with a 4–3 defeat. 2017–18 season
On July 26, 2017, <mask> signed a four-year, $170 million contract extension with the Wizards. <mask> missed nine games in late November and early December with a knee injury; the Wizards went 4–5 in that time. On January 6, he recorded 16 points and a season-high 16 assists against the Milwaukee Bucks. On January 12, he scored 30 points in a 125–119 win over the Orlando Magic, becoming the youngest player (27 years, 128 days) in franchise history to reach 10,000 points for his career. The next day, he scored 17 of his 23 points in the second half and overtime, and tied a season high with 16 assists in the Wizards' 119–113 victory over the Brooklyn Nets. On January 30, 2018, he was sidelined for the next six-to-eight weeks due to his troublesome left knee requiring surgery.He missed two months with the injury, returning to action on March 31 against the Charlotte Hornets and recording 15 points and 14 assists in a 107–93 win. On


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 April 10, he recorded 29 points and 12 assists in a 113–101 win over the Boston Celtics, thus surpassing 5,000 career assists. In Game 3 of the Wizards' first-round playoff series against the Toronto Raptors, <mask> recorded 28 points and 14 assists, as the Wizards cut the series deficit to 2–1 with a 122–103 win. In Game 4, <mask> recorded 27 points and 14 assists in a 106–98 win, helping the Wizards tie the series at 2–2. The Wizards went on to lose the series in six games despite <mask>'s 23 points and eight assists in a 102–92 loss in Game 6. 2018–19 season
On November 26, 2018, in a 135–131 overtime win over the Houston Rockets, <mask> passed Wes Unseld for third place on the franchise career scoring list. On December 16, he recorded 40 points and 14 assists in a 128–110 win over the Los Angeles Lakers.On December 29, he was ruled out for the rest of the season with a left heel injury. After initially undergoing season-ending surgery on his left heel in January 2019, <mask> developed an infection in the incision from that surgery, then suffered a ruptured left Achilles tendon when he slipped and fell in his home. He was subsequently ruled out for 12 months. 2019–20 season
On March 11, 2020, the 2019–20 NBA season was suspended as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the season resuming in July at the NBA Bubble in Orlando, Florida, which exceeded <mask>'s 12-month timetable of recovery, he did not travel with the Wizards, officially ending his season. Houston Rockets (2020–present)
On December 2, 2020, <mask>, along with a 2023 lottery-protected


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 first-round pick, were traded to the Houston Rockets for Russell Westbrook. On March 22, 2021, <mask> logged his eighth career triple-double with 19 points, 11 rebounds and 10 assists in a 117–99 win over the Toronto Raptors, ending the team's 20-game losing streak.It was his first triple-double since 2016. On April 26, <mask> was ruled out for the remainder of the season after suffering a grade 2 hamstring strain. National team career
In July 2014, <mask> was selected as a member of the United States camp roster to compete for the 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup team. Due to off-season knee surgery, <mask> withdrew his name from consideration for USA Basketball's 2016 Rio Olympics team. Player profile

<mask> is known for being one of the NBA's fastest players. His results at the draft combine of 10.84 seconds in the lane agility drill (combine best that year) and 3.14 seconds in the 3/4 court sprint (second-best that year), demonstrating horizontal and vertical quickness. Despite only being a point guard-average  listed height in shoes and  barefoot, <mask> has a  wingspan, slightly larger than the average for a point guard.Relying on his speed, <mask> focuses on driving to the basket and sparking fast transition play. He is also a skilled passer, averaging over 10 assists a game for the 2014 through 2017 seasons, and 9.2 overall for his career. In the earlier stages of his time in the NBA, <mask> was criticized for the amount of turnovers he committed, being dubbed "very turnover prone". While increasing his assist to turnover ratio in later years,

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 <mask>'s TOPG has increased to 4.1, his mark at the conclusion of the 2017 season. Despite <mask>'s shooting percentages hovering slightly below league average except for free throw shooting (League average is .458/.364/.765 while <mask> shoots .433/.321/.790), he has seen his shooting largely improve throughout his NBA career. Personal life

In 2013, after signing a five-year contract with the Wizards, <mask> purchased a home in Potomac for $4.9 million. The two-acre property, which has eight bedrooms, six garages, and 17,980 square feet, was selected to accommodate <mask>'s mother, siblings, and guests.In 2016, <mask> received the Stewart B. McKinney Award for his work to end homelessness after he donated $400,000 to Bright Beginnings. <mask> signed a five-year endorsement deal worth $25 million with Reebok in 2010, then moved to Reebok's parent company Adidas in 2013. He signed another five-year deal with Adidas in 2018. In May 2017, <mask> signed on as a brand ambassador for New Era caps. <mask> and his wife have one son. <mask> said in 2018 that he was pursuing a bachelor's degree in business administration. <mask>'s mother, Frances Pulley, died of breast cancer on December 13,

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<mask> (February 29, 1924 – March 13, 2015), nicknamed "Flip" and "The Hebrew Hammer", was an American baseball third baseman and right-handed slugger for the Cleveland Indians of Major League Baseball for ten seasons in the 1940s and 1950s. After serving for four years in the U.S. Navy during World War II, <mask> played his entire ten-year career (–) with the Cleveland Indians in the American League (AL). A stand-out on both offense and defense, he drove in 100 or more runs five consecutive years, was a four-time All-Star, twice led the league in home runs and twice in runs batted in (RBIs), and was an AL Most Valuable Player. <mask> was a .285 career hitter, with 192 home runs and 717 RBIs in 1,044 games. He was selected for the All-Star Game from 1952 to 1955. <mask> appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated in 1955. Following two decades as a stockbroker upon retirement from baseball, <mask> returned to the game as a top front office executive in the late 1970s, serving the New York Yankees, Houston Astros, and San Francisco Giants variously as president, CEO, and general manager.Regarded as a GM who still thought like a player, he became the only former MVP to also earn baseball's Executive of the Year award. Early life
<mask> was born in Spartanburg, South Carolina to Louis and Rose (née Levin) <mask>. His father left the family shortly thereafter, and <mask>'s mother and grandmother moved the family to Miami, Florida, when he was 18 months old. <mask> suffered from asthma as a child, which prompted his family to move further south. While growing up, his two favorite baseball players were

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 Lou Gehrig and Hank Greenberg. He attended Riverside Elementary School, Ada Merritt Junior High School, and then Miami Senior High School for a year before attending Florida Military Academy in St. Petersburg, Florida, on a boxing scholarship. After graduating from Florida Military Academy, <mask> enrolled in the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida.He left the university after a semester to play minor league baseball in North Carolina. <mask> enlisted in 1942, and spent four years in the U.S. Navy fighting in the Pacific during World War II, delaying his professional baseball career. He navigated an assault boat in the initial landing on Okinawa in the bitter battle for the island. In 1946, he left the Navy as a lieutenant and returned to his emerging baseball career. Minor league career
<mask> played for the  Pittsfield Electrics, where he was initially given a back-up role. Upon leading the Canadian–American League in home runs (16) and RBIs (86), while batting .323, however, he was bestowed his idol Hank Greenberg's nickname, the "Hebrew Hammer". <mask> played for the Oklahoma City Indians of the Texas League in , and had one of the finest individual seasons in league history.He led all hitters in average (.349), hits (186), doubles (47), extra-base hits (83), RBIs (141), total bases (330), slugging percentage (.619), and on-base percentage (.437). He won the Texas League Player of the Year Award. <mask> played for the New York Yankees' Kansas City Blues farm team in 1948. He was loaned to the Blues for the duration of the team's American Association season as part of a deal that

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 sent reliever Charley Wensloff from the Yankees to the Indians. <mask> was named Rookie of the Year in the American Association for his play with the Blues. Major League Baseball career
<mask> made his first appearance in the major leagues in  at the age of 23. In 1948, <mask> played most of the year in minor leagues with the Kansas City Blues, before joining the Indians in September.He played in the 1948 World Series as a reserve behind regular third baseman Ken Keltner despite only playing five games during the season after the Indians requested his inclusion on the World Series roster. When Keltner was traded in , <mask> took over as the Indians' third baseman, leading the American League in home runs with 37, hitting more than any previous American League rookie. It stood as the AL rookie record until Mark McGwire surpassed it in 1987. He homered in four straight games in June, a feat unmatched by an Indians rookie until Jason Kipnis in 2011. <mask> averaged a league-best homer every 15.0 at bats, and led the league as well in HBP (10). He batted .287 and had 116 runs batted in, while finishing fifth in the league with 100 walks and a .543 slugging percentage. His 100 walks remained a team rookie record for a right-handed batter, through 2014.He also remained the most recent AL rookie to record at least 100 walks until Aaron Judge in 2017. Despite his home run title, he finished 17th in the American League MVP Award voting. In  <mask> led the league in games played, and was fifth in the league in RBIs (102), extra-base hits (55), and walks (85). He batted .265, with 24 home runs. <mask> hit

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texts: four grand slams, a team season record that was not broken until Travis Hafner hit five in 2006. <mask> led the American League with 105 RBIs and 297 total bases in . He also was third in the league in runs (101) and slugging percentage (.524), fifth in hits (171) and doubles (32), sixth in home runs (28), and seventh in batting average (.302).On April 29, he matched the then team record of three home runs in one game, which was surpassed only when Rocky Colavito tied the Major League single-game record with four home runs on June 10, 1959. <mask> came in tenth in the American League MVP Award voting. In , <mask> led the American League in home runs (43), runs batted in (145), runs (115), slugging percentage (.613), and total bases (367). He also came in second in OBP, and third in hits (201), and tied for eighth in stolen bases. He also had a 20-game hitting streak. Defensively, he had the best range factor of all third basemen in the league (3.32), and led it in assists (338) and double plays (38). His RBI total is still the most for an Indians third baseman, through 2017, and is fourth most for any Indian in a season.He batted .336, and missed winning the batting title – and with it the Triple Crown – on the last day of the season, by just over one percentage point. He was elected American League MVP by a unanimous vote, the first to be elected unanimously since the original "Hebrew Hammer", Hank Greenberg. In Bill James' New Historical Baseball Abstract, <mask>'s 1953 season is called the greatest ever by a third baseman. It is ranked 164th overall, and 48th best by a position player by

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 Baseball-Reference.com as of <mask>'s passing. In  he hit an even .300, led the league in sacrifice flies with 11, was fourth in SLG (.506), and fifth in home runs (24), RBI (102), and OBP (.404). He also hit consecutive home runs in the All-Star game despite a broken finger, earning him the game MVP. His five RBI in the game matched the record set by Ted Williams five years earlier, which still stood through the 2011 season.Hall of Fame manager Casey Stengel said of him: "That young feller, that feller's a ball player. He'll give you the works every time. Gets all the hits, gives you the hard tag in the field. That feller's a real competitor, you bet your sweet curse life." Cleveland won the pennant, but lost the World Series. In spite of <mask>'s 5th straight year with 100 or more RBIs Cleveland cut his $42,500 ($ today) salary to $37,500 ($ today) for 1955. In  <mask> finished in the top ten in the league in at-bats per home run, walks, and sacrifice flies.By 1956, back problems and leg injuries caught up with <mask> and he retired at age 32 at the end of the season. Stockbroker
After retiring in  <mask> became a stockbroker, an occupation he pursued for the next 22 years. Baseball executive
In 1978 <mask> became President/CEO of the Yankees. They won the 1978 World Series, but <mask> quit in July 1979. Tommy John thought he left because owner George Steinbrenner had replaced Bob Lemon, a friend of <mask>'s, with Billy Martin as the team manager a month before. <mask> then served as President/CEO of the Astros (1980–85), then president and general manager of the Giants (1985–92). His

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title: Al Rosen

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 maneuvering brought San Francisco from last place in  to the NL West title in  and the NL pennant in , earning him the National League Executive of the Year honors.Regarded as a GM who still thought like a player, he became the only MVP in history to also earn the top executive award. In 1979, <mask> appeared with Spec Richardson (general manager of the San Francisco Giants in a television commercial entitled "Baseball Executives" for Miller Lite, as one of the commercials in the legendary "Great Taste, Less Filling" advertising campaign. The idea was two major league high-level baseball executives are discussing a big trade in a formal, stuffy members only club, only to reveal that they are actually trading baseball cards much like a couple of children, ending on a throw-down of a bunch of baseball cards on the polished wooden table. The commercial ran heavily during the summer of 1979 along with every game of the World Series that year. Personal life
<mask>'s wife of 19 years, the former Teresa Ann Blumberg, died on May 3, 1971. He remarried, to second wife, Rita (née Kallman), several years later. He had three sons, and a stepson and stepdaughter.<mask> occasionally consulted for baseball teams, including a stint with the Yankees as special assistant to the general manager in 2001 and 2002. He was featured in the 2010 movie narrated by Dustin Hoffman, Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story. <mask> died on March 13, 2015 in Rancho Mirage, California. Jewish heritage
<mask> was Jewish. He was tough, an amateur boxer, and had a reputation for standing up to anyone who dared insult his


title: Al Rosen

texts: ancestry. While some reports have him commenting that, as a minor leaguer, he wished his name were something less obviously Jewish, he is later known to have remarked that he wished it were more Jewish—something like <mask>. When Ed Sullivan, himself a Catholic with a Jewish wife, suggested that <mask> might be Catholic, pointing to his habit of drawing a "cross" in the dirt with his bat, <mask> said the mark was an "x" and told Sullivan he wished his name were more Jewish so he wouldn't be mistaken for Catholic.Once a White Sox opponent called him a "Jew bastard". Sox pitcher Saul Rogovin, also Jewish, remembered an angry <mask> striding belligerently to the dugout and challenging the "son of a bitch" to a fight. The player backed down. <mask> challenged another opposing player who had "slurred [his] religion" to fight him under the stands. And during a game, when Red Sox bench player Matt Batts taunted <mask> with anti-Semitic names, <mask> called time and left his position on the field to confront Batts. Hank Greenberg recalled that <mask> "want[ed] to go into the stands and murder" fans who hurled anti-Semitic insults at him. A 2010 documentary, Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story, highlighted <mask>, who in it is frank about how he dealt with anti-Semitism: "There's a time that you let it be known that enough is enough. . . .  You flatten [them]."During his career, <mask> refused to play on the High Holy Days, as would baseball Hall of Famer Sandy Koufax, arguably the most famous American Jewish baseball player. In a 1976 Esquire magazine article, sportswriter Harry Stein published an

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title: Al Rosen

texts:
 "All Time All-Star Argument Starter", consisting of five ethnic baseball teams. <mask> was the third baseman on Stein's Jewish team. Through 2014, he was fifth in career home runs (behind Sid Gordon), seventh in RBIs (behind Ryan Braun), and tenth in hits (behind Mike Lieberthal) among all-time Jewish major league baseball players. Quotes
"The greatest thrill in the world is to end the game with a home run and watch everybody else walk off the field while you're running the bases on air." "Oh no, <mask> hits a home run and I gotta miss it!" — Bob Hope (for many years a minority owner of the Cleveland Indians) on I Love Lucy, aired October 1, 1956
"People think Mickey Mantle is the toughest hitter in the league, but I can usually get him out if I don't make a mistake.The real toughest clutch hitter is Berra. As you change speeds and move around, Berra moves right with you. <mask> does the same thing, but fortunately he's playing third behind me so I don't have to pitch to him. Believe me, the two best clutch hitters in the game are Berra and <mask>. Most of us pitchers wish to hell they'd switch to golf." — Early Wynn, speaking with Roger Kahn

Awards
 Member of the Cleveland Indians Hall of Fame (). Member of the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame (1980).Member of the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. Member of the Texas League Hall of Fame (). See also

Cleveland Indians all-time roster
List of Florida Gators baseball players
List of New York Yankees owners and executives
List of select Jewish baseball players
List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one

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 franchise

References

Further reading
  This chapter in Ruttman's history, based on a January 14, 2009 interview with <mask> conducted for the book, discusses <mask>'s American, Jewish, baseball, and life experiences from youth to the present. External links

1924 births
2015 deaths
American League All-Stars
American League home run champions
American League Most Valuable Player Award winners
American League RBI champions
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Jewish American military personnel
United States Navy officers
American stockbrokers
Baseball players from Miami
Baseball players from South Carolina
Cleveland Indians players
Houston Astros executives
Jewish American baseball managers
Jewish American baseball players
Jewish Major League Baseball players
Kansas City Blues (baseball) players
Major League Baseball general managers
Major League Baseball team presidents
Major League Baseball third basemen
New York Yankees executives
Oklahoma City Indians players
Pittsfield Electrics players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
San Francisco Giants executives
Sports coaches from Miami
Sportspeople from Spartanburg, South Carolina
Thomasville Tommies players
Miami Senior High School alumni
21st-century American

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title: Elaine Szymoniak

texts:
<mask> (May 24, 1920 – May 20, 2009) was a State Senator from the U.S. state of Iowa, a former City Council Member representing the city of Des Moines, Iowa and a retired hearing and speech specialist, counselor, and administrator for the Iowa Department of Vocational Rehabilitation. Szymoniak, an elected Democrat, served in the Iowa State Senate from 1988 to 2000 (when she chose to retire and did not seek re-election) representing the northwest area of Greater Des Moines, Iowa (serving both 42nd and 36th Districts during her tenure). Her main areas of concern while serving in public office were in health, education, and human resources. She earned degrees from both the University of Wisconsin and Iowa State University. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born on May 24, 1920 to Hugo and Pauline Eisfelder in Boscobel, Wisconsin. Both her mother and father were deaf and this led to her interest in the science of audiology and later to pursue a career in speech therapy and in speech and hearing rehabilitation. She had two older brothers.One of these brothers was challenged with cerebral palsy and the other brother died during military service in World War II. In 1941, Szymoniak earned a bachelor's degree in education and speech pathology from the University of Wisconsin. She married Casimir (Chuck) D<mask> on December 7, 1943. Together they were to raise five children. Career
She worked in public school systems in the states of Wisconsin, New York and Kansas before moving to Iowa in the 1950s after her husband's military service came to an end. She also put her skills to use in the medical field, at one point working at Army Hospital Aural Rehabilitation Center in Oklahoma. <mask> was a speech and hearing specialist,

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. Szymoniak
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title: Elaine Szymoniak

texts:
 counselor, and administrator for the Iowa Department of Vocational Rehabilitation from 1957 to 1988 and she was dedicated to working for the benefit of those with disabilities.She actively worked with the deaf community and at one time was the state's sole rehab counselor for the deaf. In 1977, <mask> earned her master's degree in family environment from Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa. Purportedly, an avid outdoor enthusiast, <mask> canoed and whitewater rafted throughout the West with a group of women called the River Spirits. She loved sleeping outside under the stars, walking in the woods, and learned to pilot a whitewater raft when she was 77. Political life
She served on the Des Moines City Council from 1977 to 1988 representing the First Ward. Szymoniak won a seat on her first attempt by defeating a twelve-year incumbent. She was the second woman to ever serve on the City Council and the only woman serving during her time on the council.As a member of the Des Moines City Council she worked to meet the needs of her constituents with a special emphasis in economic development, equality, and justice. She unsuccessfully campaigned to become the mayor of Des Moines in 1979 and again in 1987. Following eleven consecutive years on the Des Moines City Council, Szymoniak set her goals on a different political office and started campaigning for the State Senate. In the Iowa State Senate from 1988 to 2000, Szymoniak has represented both the forty-second and thirty-sixth districts. Szymoniak’s main areas of concern while serving in public office were in health, education and human resources. This is reflected in the committees she served on in the Senate: Appropriations Committee on Human Services (vice-chair), Education, Human

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title: Elaine Szymoniak

texts:
 Resources (chair), Judiciary, Local Government and the Ways and Means Committee Many of the bills that she authored and sponsored concerned education, family welfare, or care of the elderly and disabled. Szymoniak played a key role in revamping Iowa's Welfare System in the early 1990s.Reported on the Iowa State University website is the following information:

"One of her more significant events as a State Senator was to shepherd through the Senate Iowa's Welfare Reform efforts of 1993. In her typical fashion, she read about an idea and decided Iowa was the place to attempt such a reform. She organized a process to design a program based upon the needs and expectations of Iowans. She played an active role in keeping all parties at the table and in finally passing the Iowa Human Investment Act with no dissenting votes in the Senate." <mask> was known for her significant public service including crafting the legislation that funded and brought the World Food Prize to Iowa. She served on many nonprofit boards of directors or was a member of The Chrysalis Foundation, Iowa Council for International Understanding, United Way, Girl Scouts, the Nexus Executive Women's Alliance, and the Task Force for Iowa's Responsible Fathers program. She received numerous honors including the YWCA Woman of Achievement and she was inducted into the Iowa Women's Hall of Fame in 1999.While acknowledging anguish on the issue, Szymoniak, a devout Roman Catholic, believed that abortion was a matter that should be left up to the conscience of the individual woman. A parental notification bill on abortion passed in the Iowa House of Representatives in 1994 and Szymoniak kept the bill in committee once it reached the Senate. A few lauded her for political savvy, but


title: Xu Bing

texts:
<mask> (; born 1955) is a Chinese artist who served as vice-president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. He is known for his printmaking skills and installation art, as well as his creative artistic use of language, words, and text and how they have affected our understanding of the world. He is an A.D. White Professor-at-Large at Cornell University. He was awarded the MacArthur Fellows Program in 1999 and the Fukuoka Prize in 2003. Biography
Born in Chongqing in 1955, <mask> grew up in Beijing. His father was the head of the history department at Peking University. In 1975, near the end of the Cultural Revolution, he was relocated to the countryside for two years as part of Mao Zedong's "re-education" policy.Returning to Beijing in 1977, he enrolled at the Central Academy of Fine Arts (CAFA) in Beijing, where he joined the printmaking department and also worked during a short period of time as a teacher, receiving his master's degree in Fine Art in 1987. After the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests, his recent work came under scrutiny from the government and received harsh criticism for what was perceived as a critique of the Chinese government. Due to the political pressure and artistic restrictions of the post-Tiananmen period in China, <mask>, like many of his contemporaries, moved to the United States in 1990 where he was invited by the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He then resided to the United States until his appointment as vice-president of the Beijing CAFA in 2008. In 1990–91, <mask> had his first exhibition in the United States at the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Elvehjem Museum of Art (now Chazen Museum of Art) including his installations A Book from the Sky and Ghosts Pounding the Wall. In Book from the Sky, the artist invented 4,000 characters and hand-carved them into wood blocks, then used them as movable type to print volumes and scrolls, which are displayed laid out on the floor and hung from the ceiling. The vast planes of text seem to convey ancient wisdom, but are in fact unintelligible.The Glassy Surface of a Lake, a

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title: Xu Bing

texts:
 site-specific installation for the Elvehjem, was on view in 2004–05. In this work, a net of cast aluminum letters forming a passage from Henry David Thoreau's Walden stretches across the museum's atrium and pours down into an illegible pile of letters on the floor below. Working in a wide range of media, <mask> creates installations that question the idea of communicating meaning through language, demonstrating how both meanings and written words can be easily manipulated. He received a MacArthur Foundation grant in July 1999, presented to him for "originality, creativity, self-direction, and capacity to contribute importantly to society, particularly in printmaking and calligraphy." In 2003 he exhibited at the then new Chinese Arts centre in Manchester, and in 2004 he won the inaugural "Artes Mundi" prize in Wales for Where does the dust collect itself?, an installation using dust he collected in New York City on the day after the destruction of the World Trade Center. He won also a half year of free work and study at the American Academy in Berlin 2004. <mask> was appointed the new vice president of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, March 2008.Art

Early works
While at the Central Academy of Fine Arts <mask> mastered the Socialist Realism style of art so predominant during the Maoist era. After graduating with his degree in printmaking, the artist veered away and created simple but dramatic woodcuts, such as Shattered Jade (1977) and Bustling Village on the Water (1980–81, 繁忙的水乡). In 1987, <mask> returned to his training in printmaking to create large and elaborate installation pieces like Book from the Sky (1987) and Ghosts Pounding the Wall (1990). Installation pieces

A Book from the Sky
<mask>'s Tianshu ("Book From the Sky") is a large installation featuring precisely laid out rows of books and hanging scrolls with written "Chinese" texts. Even so, this work challenges our very approach to language because of the unique nature of the text written on the paper. First presented in Beijing in 1988, the learned élite felt slighted by the

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title: Xu Bing

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 artists' bold move to design and print over 4,000 characters that looked Chinese but were completely meaningless according to standard Mandarin. <mask> infuses his work with meaning by stirring confusion and discomfort in his audience, mostly due to the fact that the Chinese characters used in these texts are not "real" characters.This piece was well received in China until 1989, whereupon the social and political drama of the Tiananmen Square protests led the government to look askance at <mask>'s Tianshu. Leaving China in 1991 for the political and artistic freedom of the United States, <mask> continued to explore and express his thoughts on deconstructing language to challenge our most "natural" cultural assumptions. His thought-provoking work enticed Western audiences, and he soon became one of the leading artists in the modern Chinese art scene. Ghosts Pounding the Wall
Using his background in print-making, in May and June 1990 <mask> and a team of art students and help from local residents began a monumental project: creating a rubbing from a section of the Great Wall at Jinshanling. In order to create the rubbings, <mask> used entirely traditional Chinese methods and materials for stone rubbing, including  rice paper and ink. Measuring 32m x 15m, the resulting installation piece consists of 29 rubbings of different sections of the Great Wall. As in the case of many of his works, <mask> directly related his colossal piece, Ghosts Pounding the Wall, to the political situation in China.While surveying his work while installed at Elvehjem Museum of Art, <mask> said that his Great Wall represents "a kind of thinking that makes no sense and is very conservative, a really closed-in thinking that symbolizes the isolationism of Chinese politics." The prints of the Great Wall rise up on either side of the exhibit, making the viewer seem small and insignificant in comparison to the massive, looming representations of solid stone walls. Square Word Calligraphy

From 1994 he began writing Chinese characters which were nonsensical to Chinese people but

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title: Xu Bing

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 understandable to English speakers because they were one-block words made of English letters bent to the shape of hanzi. He called this New English Calligraphy, and gave lessons in how to write the characters. Background Story
In his series Background Story, <mask> uses unusual materials in order to create a deceptively typical Chinese Scroll Painting. From the front, the piece very much resembles a traditional Shan Shui (Landscape) scroll painting, with images of mountains, trees, and rivers. However, when seen from behind, the viewer is surprised to find that the beautiful "painting" is in fact created by using the shapes and shadows of random natural plant debris.Once again, <mask> challenges his audience's basic assumptions and shows them that everything is not always as it first seems. Phoenix project
In 2008, after returning to China to take the position at the Central Academy of Fine Arts, <mask> was asked to create a sculpture for the atrium of the World Financial Center, which was then being developed in Beijing. He was shocked by primitive working conditions he saw at the construction site, later saying that they "made my skin quiver." He was inspired to construct two large sculptures in the form of birds that are made largely out of construction debris and tools that he salvaged from the site. The larger sculpture, 100 feet (30 meters) long, is identified as a male and named Feng in accordance with the Chinese phoenix tradition. The smaller one is 90 feet (27 meters) long and is a female named Huang. Originally planned to take four months, the sculptures ultimately took two years to build; by that time the developers of the complex had decided the sculptures did not meet their needs.They were displayed at the Today Art Museum in Beijing and at the Shanghai World Expo before coming to the United States in 2012. After a year at the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, they were then moved to the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City, where they were unveiled to the public on 1 March 2014. They were suspended from the

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title: Xu Bing

texts:
 ceiling of the nave, where they are now expected to spend about a year. The Phoenix sculpture is the subject of the documentary <mask> Bing: Phoenix by Daniel Traub. Later mediums
<mask>'s art medium has evolved over the years, morphing from one style to the next: print-making and wood-block carving, installation art, live installation art, metalwork and sculpture, landscaping, and even virtual and digital mediums. Taking installation art a step further, <mask> focused on live installation art by using animals in his exhibits, such as in the case of the Silkworm Series and a Case Study of Transference (using silkworms and pigs, respectively) in 1994, or by showcasing sheep in The Net (1997). Later he explored the combination of modern and traditional mediums, as in the case of Background Story (2004–present) where his work imitates a traditional Chinese brush and ink scroll from the front, but is in fact designed by means of the projected shadows of plants and sticks.Even more recently, <mask> has delved into sculpture and metalworking, as seen in Monkeys Grasping the Moon (2001) and the Phoenix Project (2010). Influences and themes
<mask>'s art mostly reflects cultural issues which raged during his early life in China. Most notably, the cultural and linguistic reforms enacted by the Communist Party in China under Mao Zedong's leadership weigh heavily on modern Chinese artists who lived through this period. Similarly, the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) also rankles the modern Chinese artistic consciousness even though different artists have focused on different angles. <mask> in particular plays with the notion of the paradox between the power and fickleness of language, of what it means to be human, and of how our perceptions color our worldview. <mask> plays incessantly with the role, purpose, and reality of language. Early in his life his father would make him write a page of characters a day, encouraging him to not only copy their form to perfection, but also to capture their spirit, their essence.During Mao's cultural reformations and the

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title: Xu Bing

texts: reorganization of the standard Chinese language, <mask> experienced the constant reformation of words. This constant linguistic change influenced his art: <mask> emphasizes the immortality of the essence of language while vividly illustrating the impermanence and capriciousness of words themselves. In this way language becomes malleable and it can be fashioned to either liberate or control. Just as it is nigh impossible to detangle life from politics during the Cultural Revolution era (and its ramifications in decades to follow), <mask> also intertwines political messages into his art. It was not until 2008 that <mask> set aside his post-Maoist reactionary art and invested in other topics. For example, he took on environmental projects such as Forest Project, which encouraged the "uninterrupted flow of funds from developed countries to Kenya, earmarked for the planting of new trees." Even so, his focus is always on the effect that environmental issues have on people, such as the villages in Kenya, not necessarily the effects on the landscape or on the political situation.At the turn of the millennium, a new defining social pattern emerged after the terrorist attacks in the United States on 9/11, 2001. Tension grew between the West and the Middle East, finally exploding into what was labeled as "the War on Terror." This situation gave rise to social themes of anxiety and hopelessness, which eventually have seeped into the realm of the arts. Even so, some artists like <mask> chose to explore the serenity found in the midst of chaos, as illustrated in his work Where does the Dust Itself Collect? (2004, 2011). For this piece, the artist gathered dust from the aftermath of the collapse of the Twin Towers in New York after September 11, 2001, and uses it to recreate the gray film that covered Manhattan in the weeks following the attacks. Stenciled in the dust, a Buddhist poem reads, "As there is nothing from the first, where does the dust itself collect?"Using this tragedy as an expression of the human narrative, <mask> contemplates the relationship

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title: Xu Bing

texts:
 between the material and the spiritual, and he explores "the complicated circumstances created by different world perspectives." Awards and honors

 Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters, Columbia University, New York (2010)
 Southern Graphics Council Lifetime Achievement Award (2006)
 International Association of Art Critics Award for "Best Installation or Single Work of Art in a Museum, New England" (2006)
 The Youth Friends Award, New York (2005)
 Artes Mundi Prize (2004)
 American Academy in Berlin Coca-Cola Fellowship (2004)
 Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize (2003)
 MacArthur Award (1999)
 Pollack Krasner Foundation Prize (1998)

Partial list of works
 Lanman Shanhua (Brilliant Mountain Flowers) Magazine (1975–1976)
 A Book from the Sky (1987–1991)
 Ghosts Pounding the Wall (1990–1991)
 A.B.C.... (1991–1994)
 Post Testament (1992–1993)
 Brailliterate (1993)
 A Case Study in Transference (1994)
 Introduction to Square-Word Calligraphy (1994–1996)
 Oxford Dictionary: Bird Definition (1994–1996)
 Silkworm Book (1995)
 Lost Letters (1997)
 Landscript Postcards (1999–2000)
 Red Book (Tobacco Project) (2000)
 Book from the Ground (2003-2012)
 Ten Thousand Trees (2004)
 Monkeys Grasping for the Moon (2008-ongoing)
 Book from the Ground: from point to point (2013)

Bibliography

 Book from the Sky to Book from the Ground (2020). Acc Art Books. . The Character of Characters: An Animation By <mask> (2012). Asian Art Museum of San Francisco. .
 <mask>: Phoenix (2016). Thircuir. . In popular culture
On film
 2013 - The Enduring Passion for Ink by Britta Erickson

References

External links

 Interview with Ellen Pearlman in Brooklyn Rail from September 2007
Cornell University Andrew Dickson White Professors-at-Large Biography
 Interviewed by Alan Macfarlane and Li Shuo 28 April 2015 (video)

1955 births
Living people
Chinese contemporary artists
MacArthur Fellows
People's Republic of China calligraphers
Artists from Chongqing
Central Academy of Fine Arts alumni
Chinese expatriates in the United States
Central Academy of Fine Arts faculty
Cornell

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title: Justin Wren

texts:
<mask> (born April 27, 1987) is an American humanitarian worker and a professional mixed martial artist, currently competing in the heavyweight division of Bellator MMA. A professional competitor since 2006, <mask> has also formerly competed for the UFC, and was a cast member of SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter: Heavyweights. Amateur wrestling career
<mask> enjoyed a highly successful and decorated wrestling career before venturing into MMA. He was a standout at Texas wrestling powerhouse Bishop Lynch High School, where he was coached by Olympic Gold Medalists Kenny Monday and Kendall Cross. During that time, he was a two time Prep State Champion (2004, 2005) and a two time Prep all-American, winning the Prep National Championship his senior year in Lehigh, Pennsylvania. While he was indeed a standout collegiate-style wrestler, <mask>'s greatest success came in the Greco Roman style. He was a two time All-American in that discipline, winning the national championship in Fargo, ND the summer after his senior year in high school ('05).This championship gained him national attention and earned him a scholarship to the U.S. Olympic Education Center at Northern Michigan University to train for the Olympics to compete in Greco Roman wrestling. Mixed martial arts
Wanting to try his hand at Division I college wrestling, <mask> attended Iowa State University to compete for then coach Cael Sanderson, however, he sustained an injury training before he could join the team. To stay active, <mask> entered local

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 fights around Iowa and began his MMA career. <mask> won his first three fights by knockout before taking his first loss. His opponent was Matt Thompson. <mask> then won five more fights and was ten and one before appearing on TUF. Heading into the tenth installment of The Ultimate Fighter, <mask> had trained all over the world but found his permanent home in Denver, CO with TUF 10 coach Trevor Wittman.The Ultimate Fighter
<mask> was on the tenth season of The Ultimate Fighter fighting for Team Rashad. He was picked third for his team and fifth overall. On episode five, <mask> fought UFC veteran Wes Sims, defeating him via first round technical submission from an arm triangle. <mask> then moved on to the quarter-finals and fought Roy Nelson in a controversial two round majority decision loss that many spectators at ring side, including Dana White, felt should have gone to a third round. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> would go on make his UFC debut at The Ultimate Finale 10, against Ultimate Fighter 10 castmate, Jon Madsen, to whom he lost via split decision. <mask> was later released from the UFC. Post-UFC
On Jan. 23, 2010 <mask> announced he had signed a deal with an unnamed promotion.Then on Jan. 26, the promotion was named as Ring of Fire MMA, based in Colorado. He fought and defeated Josh Henry in his debut for Ring of Fire by TKO in the first round. After injuring his back from a slam in his victory over Josh Robertson, <mask> underwent a corrective procedure to repair six or seven discs

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title: Justin Wren

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 in his back. Bellator MMA
In July 2015, <mask> signed a five-fight contract with Bellator MMA. After five years away from the sport, <mask> made his promotional debut against Josh Burns at Bellator 141 on August 28, 2015. He won the fight by unanimous decision. He won his second Bellator bout against Juan Torres on February 19, 2016, also by unanimous decision.<mask> faced Roman Pizzolato at Bellator 174 on March 3, 2017. He won via submission due to an arm-triangle choke in the first round. He published an account of his life (co-authored by Loretta Hunt) and work with Mbuti pygmy tribes, also entitled 'Fight for the Forgotten', in September 2015. <mask> has used a portion of his earnings from MMA to buy land and build fresh water wells for the Mbuti pygmy people in the Democratic Republic of Congo. His solution uses local workforce and can be walked into areas otherwise inaccessible to well drilling machinery; initially they find well locations using a vertical electrical sounding machine. Personal life
<mask> is a Christian. See also
 List of current Bellator fighters

References

External links

1987 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Dallas
American male mixed martial artists
Heavyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Greco-Roman wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Mixed martial artists from Texas
American male sport wrestlers
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Christians from

masks: Wren Wren Wren Justin Wren


title: Luis Carlos Galán

texts:
<mask> (29 September 1943 – 18 August 1989) was a Colombian liberal politician and journalist who ran for the Presidency of Colombia on two occasions, the first time for the political movement New Liberalism that he founded in 1979. The movement was an offspring of the mainstream Colombian Liberal Party, and with mediation of former Liberal president Julio César Turbay Ayala, <mask> returned to the Liberal party in 1989 and sought the nomination for the 1990 presidential election. <mask> declared himself an enemy of the drug cartels and the influence of the mafia in Colombian politics, in this case the main drug cartel being the Medellin Cartel led by Pablo Escobar and who unsuccessfully tried to become a member of the New Liberalism Movement in his bid to become a member of the Colombian House of Representatives. <mask> denounced Pablo Escobar in a public rally, and supported the extradition treaty with the U.S, contrary to the wishes of the Colombian cartels that feared extradition to the U.S.  After receiving several death threats, on 18 August 1989, <mask> was shot to death by hitmen hired by the drug cartels during a campaign rally in the town of Soacha, Cundinamarca. At the time, <mask> was comfortably leading the polls with 60 percent favourable ratings for the forthcoming 1990 presidential election. The investigation into his assassination remains unsolved. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on 29 September 1943 in the city of Bucaramanga, Santander, northeastern Colombia.He had a happy childhood, with strong family bonds, affectionate and sometimes austere, as he had 12 siblings. His father moved with the whole family to Bogotá in 1949. In Bogotá, <mask> attended middle school in the Colegio Americano in 1950. While a student there and only 8 years old, he joined a rally against Conservative president Laureano Gómez and intended to support the Liberal guerrillas. Two years later he was transferred to another school, the Colegio Antonio Nariño. When he was only a 14-year-old, <mask> participated in the students protests of 1957

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 against the dictatorial regime of Gustavo Rojas getting arrested and spending the night in a jail despite his age. In 1960 <mask> graduated from high school with honors and began studies of law and economics in the Pontifical Xavierian University in Bogotá, it was then that his liberal radicalism cooled off.While a student in 1963, <mask> founded Vértice, a university focused magazine to express his Liberal tendencies in a university that was predominantly Conservative and also became his first experience with journalism. He was able to meet prominent Colombian leaders like former Liberal president <mask> (who, delighted with <mask>'s work, decided to write articles for Vértice Magazine) and Colombia's main circulation newspaper El Tiempo owner and also former Liberal president of Colombia Eduardo Santos during an interview in which Santos was impressed by <mask>'s journalist qualities. <mask> began working for the Colombian newspaper El Tiempo in 1965 after graduating from university the same year. Journalism
In El Tiempo Galán turned himself into a well known journalist and columnist, effort that earned him the director's assistant position and later the membership of the Executive Directorate in the newspaper with the support of Eduardo Santos and then director Roberto García Peña. He was also active with the Nueva Frontera weekly magazine founded by former president <mask>, which he directed in 1976 after arriving from Italy. As a journalist <mask> wrote no less than 150 editorial articles, followed by other 150 during his time in El Tiempo newspaper. In 1977 <mask> wrote in one of Nueva Frontera's editorial an article denouncing the existence of narcotics trafficking mafias and that they were influencing the social structure of Colombia.He also denounced the clientelist politics, moral values corruption and collective values loss, this seen as a premonition for Colombia's future. It was during an interview with the then recently elected president Misael Pastrana that he was surprised by the president in the middle of the interview who told

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