title: Catherine Cranston

texts:
 maiden. This, with the corresponding coin or coins, one hands in at the pay-desk, and so home. Nothing could be simpler or less irritating." The city was a centre of artistic innovation at the time, and the tearooms served as art galleries for paintings by the "Glasgow Boys".The architect Sir Edwin Lutyens visited the Buchanan Street tearoom in 1898, finding it "just a little outré", and wrote from there to his wife that "Miss <mask> is now Mrs. Cochrane, a dark, fat wee body with black sparkling luminous eyes, wears a bonnet garnished with roses, and has made a fortune by supplying cheap clean goods in surroundings prompted by the New Art Glasgow School." Tea rooms opened around the city, and in the late 1880s fine hotels elsewhere in Britain and in America began to offer tea service in tea rooms and tea courts. Glasgow in 1901 reported that "Glasgow, in truth, is a very Tokio for tea-rooms. Nowhere can one have so much for so little, and nowhere are such places more popular and frequented." and that "It is not the accent of the people, nor the painted houses, nor yet the absence of Highland policemen that makes the Glasgow man in London feel that he is in a foreign town and far from home. It is a simpler matter. It is the lack of tea-shops."The original Sauchiehall Street tearoom building has been restored and reopened in 2018. The adjacent building has been converted to serve as a visitor centre and retail space. The 'Willow Tearooms' brand has been separated from the building and is now run privately at a location in Buchanan Street adjacent to Miss Cranston's original premises. This location features recreated Mackintosh furniture and interior features. The restored Willow Tea Rooms building now trades as "Mackintosh at The Willow". Walton and Mackintosh

George Walton set up George Walton & Co, Ecclesiastical and House Decorators on the basis of his 1888 commission


title: Catherine Cranston

type: original

texts:
 from Kate Cranston, and in 1896 was commissioned by her to design the interiors of new tearooms, designed and built by George Washington Browne of Edinburgh, at 91–93 Buchanan Street, which opened the following year. He was assisted in this by Charles Rennie Mackintosh who designed wall murals in the form of stencilled friezes depicting opposing pairs of elongated female figures surrounded by roses for the ladies' tearoom, the luncheon room and the smokers' gallery."It is believed (and averred) that in no other town can you see in a place of refreshment such ingenious and beautiful decorations in the style of the new art as in <mask>'s shop in Buchanan Street. Indeed, so general in the city is this belief that it has caused the Glasgow man of the better sort to coin a new adjective denoting the height of beauty... 'It's quite <mask>-ish !' "

<mask> expanded her first tearoom to take over the whole building at 114 Argyle Street and commissioned Walton to design a new more modern interior, which opened in 1898. Walton's work included fireplaces, stencilled wall murals and stained glass panels for the doors. In the luncheon room the murals and door panels had a rose pattern theme. The furniture was designed by Mackintosh, introducing for the first time his characteristic high-backed chairs. In 1900 <mask> gave Mackintosh the opportunity to redesign an entire room, at the Ingram Street tearoom.He had just recently married the artist Margaret MacDonald, and together they created the White Dining Room, including a hallway opening onto the street and divided off by a wooden screen with leaded glass panels, giving those entering glimpses into the room itself. His fame was spreading, and in 1902 The Studio wrote of "Miss <mask>, whose tea-rooms, designed by Mr. Mackintosh, are reckoned by some of the pilgrims to Glasgow as one of the sights of the city." The Willow

masks:
Miss Cranston
Kate Cranston
Kate Cranston
Kate Cranston
Cranston


title: Catherine Cranston

texts:
 Tearooms

Next Kate Cranston gave Mackintosh the major commission for an entire building in Sauchiehall Street, again in collaboration with his wife Margaret MacDonald on designs for the interiors. Behind a strikingly simple new façade this building provided three interlinked main tearooms at the ground floor and on a first floor gallery, with steps from that leading up a further half-storey to the famous "Room de Luxe" stretching the width of the building above the main entrance and front tearoom. In a humorous review of the new tearoom for the Glasgow Evening News titled Erchie in an Art Tea Room, Neil Munro described the "Room de Looks":
"The chairs is no like ony ither chairs ever I clapped eyes on, but ye could easy guess they were chairs, and a' roond the place there's a lump o' looking-gless wi' purple leeks pented on it every noo and then." In 1905 Dekorative Kunst featured a special issue about the Willow Tea Rooms written by Hermann Muthesius who advised that "Today any visitor to Glasgow can rest body and soul in <mask>'s Tea Rooms and for a few pence drink tea, have breakfast and dream that he is in fairy land." Further projects

Although the Willow Tearooms completed her chain, and remains the most famous of her tea rooms, Kate Cranston carried out several more projects, and Mackintosh provided increasingly innovative designs.In 1904 she commissioned him to carry out the redecoration and design of new furniture for the mansion of Hous'hill near Nitshill which was home to herself and her husband John Cochrane. Mackintosh carried out further work on the Argyle Street tearoom in 1906 to design a basement conversion to form The Dutch kitchen. He did further redesigns for rooms in the Ingram Street tearooms, creating the Cloister Room and the Chinese Room in 1911. The latter provides an exotic fantasy, with bright blue finished timber screens incorporating a


title: Catherine Cranston

texts:
 cashier's kiosk, elaborate door lintels and dark blue finished furniture, all in Mackintosh's version of an oriental style. In the same year <mask> provided temporary "Exhibition Cafes" at the Scottish International Exhibition, apparently set up and designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh, though nothing is now known of his scheme for this. The menu card designed by Margaret MacDonald Mackintosh shows the name for the tearooms, The White Cockade, but makes no visual connection with this reference to Jacobitism. It gives credit for supply of cakes to Miss Cranstons Bakery, 292 St Vincent St., Glasgow.In 1916 Kate opened <mask>'s Cinema De Luxe in an entertainment complex designed for her by the architect James Miller, occupying the third floor of a six-storey building in Renfield Street, Glasgow. In 1917 Mackintosh carried out his last commission for <mask>, and indeed one of his last architectural works to be constructed, with the design of an extension of the Willow Tea Rooms into the basement of the building next door to create The Dug Out in a style that anticipated Art Deco. <mask> was greatly distressed when her husband died in 1917. She sold off her tea rooms and other businesses, and withdrew from public life. She had no children, and when she died in 1934 her will left two-thirds of her estate to the poor of Glasgow. Legacy

Even though <mask> had sold her tea rooms off, the name Miss Cranston's Tea Rooms long remained a byword for quality and for memories of Glasgow's heyday at the turn of the century. By 1938 tea rooms at 43 Argyll Arcade, 28 Buchanan Street, Renfield Street and Queen Street were being run by Cranston's Tea Rooms Ltd.They went into liquidation in 1954 and their premises were sold on for other uses. The Willow Tearooms were renamed, then in 1928 they were sold on to Daly's department store who incorporated the premises into their shop, keeping the

masks:
Kate Cranston
Cranston
Kate Cranston
Kate Cranston
Kate Cranston


title: Catherine Cranston

texts: Room de Luxe in operation as the department store tea room. Miss Cranston's Tearooms on Ingram Street continued in use as catering facilities from 1930 for Cooper's & Co., then in 1950 the rooms came into the ownership of Glasgow City Council and were used for storage and a souvenir shop. In 1971 the furnishings were removed into storage when the building was demolished, and they are now the only original set of Mackintosh tearoom interiors to survive. Ownership was transferred to Glasgow Museums in 1978, and after a further period of storage restoration work began in 1993. The Ladies' Luncheon Room was exhibited three years later, and the Chinese Room and Cloister Room have since been restored. The Glasgow Museums website reports that they are "currently assessing what will be needed to research and preserve the Charles Rennie Mackintosh interiors of the Ingram Street Tearooms for future public display."and prospective plans now exist to install at least some of the interiors at the new V&A museum in Dundee. It was decided to conserve and restore the Oak Room designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh for the V&A Museum of Design in Dundee. A short documentary about the conservation of the Oak Room was also commissioned by the V&A museum. While Mackintosh's reputation was eclipsed by the 1920s, he was later recognised as a pioneer of modern architecture, particularly in terms of the exterior of the Willow Tea Rooms. In the 1960s a resurgence of interest in Art Nouveau brought him international fame, and the furniture and designs he and his wife created for <mask> are now extremely valuable. When Daly's closed, the Willow Tea Rooms were restored to an approximation of their original appearance. Catering reopened in the Room de Luxe, later extending to the recreated Tea Gallery.The owner of the business also opened a new tearoom on the first floor of a building in Buchanan


title: Catherine Cranston

texts:
 Street, near the original Buchanan Street and Ingram Street tearooms, fitted out with replicas of the White Dining Room and the Chinese Room from the Ingram Street Tearoom. Following closure of the Sauchiehall Street building for restoration in 2014 a branch of "The Willow Tea Rooms" also operated within the Watt Brothers Department Store further up Sauchiehall Street between 2016 and its closure in 2019. Following a trade mark dispute which was resolved in 2017 the Buchanan Street location now trades under the name of "The Willow Tea Rooms". These new tearooms draw renewed attention to the contribution Cranston's patronage made to Mackintosh's work, and the impact she had on the social life of Glasgow is still remembered in popular books such as Tea at Miss Cranston's. The restoration and re-opening of the original Willow Tea Rooms building in 2018 has created further interest in this heritage which is served by an extensive interpretation centre located in the adjacent building. The continuing interest in <mask> is also reflected in the prices realised for items associated with her tearooms; for example £940 for six pieces of cutlery stamped Miss Cranston's. In October 2018, it was announced that Cranston would feature on a design for The Royal Bank of Scotland £20 note to be circulated in 2020, the first woman other than Queen Elizabeth II to be depicted on a banknote of that denomination in that country (images of Nan Shepherd had been on a £5, Mary Somerville and Mary Slessor on a £10 and Elsie Inglis on a £50 in the past, while notes issued by English banks had already featured Elizabeth Fry, Florence Nightingale and Jane Austen).See also
 People on Scottish banknotes

References

1849 births
1934 deaths
People associated with Glasgow
19th-century Scottish businesspeople
Tea houses of the United Kingdom
Place of birth missing
20th-century Scottish


title: Bud Johns

texts:
Roy Clinton "<mask><mask>, Jr. (July 9, 1929 - February 15, 2019) is an American writer, editor, author and publisher who was influential in environmental and progressive causes throughout the second half of the 20th century and early 21st. He is also known in the sports world as founder (in 1971) of Ride and Tie, a conversion to racing of a historic means of transportation for two individuals who had only one horse and needed to travel a long distance. Early life and education

Raised in a series of small Michigan towns, <mask> began his newspaper career as a regional correspondent for the daily Flint Journal and weekly Flushing Observer. While still in high school he moved to Flint and worked at the Flint Sporting Digest and then the Journal. He enrolled at Albion College with a down payment of one-third of his first semester's tuition and worked his way 100 per cent as a reporter for the Albion Evening Recorder, weekly sports columnist for the Journal and its fellow Booth Michigan Newspapers, waiting tables for his meals and officiating high school football and basketball games. Albion named him a Distinguished Alumnus in 1999. Career

After graduating from college <mask> served in the Marine Corps from 1951 to 1953, reaching the rank of staff sergeant.During that time he participated in a 1952 A-bomb test with troops who double timed to ground zero without protective gear 2000 meters from their fox holes. In 1953 <mask> was a reporter for the Flint Journal as a reporter mainly covering politics. He left the Journal for a brief stint as a reporter for the San Diego Union, joining New York-based Fairchild Publications in 1960 and becoming its San Francisco bureau chief the next year. He went to Levi Strauss & Co.as public relations director in 196y9, became director of corporate communications the next year. He was later elected corporate vice president . He retired from the company in 1984. During the years 1976 to 1981 <mask> was responsible for annual conferences sponsored by Levi Strauss

masks:
Bud
" Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns


title: Bud Johns

texts:
 & Co. at the Sun Valley (ID) Center for the Arts and Institute of the American Institute.Ride and Tie
In 1971 <mask> founded, with Levi's sponsorship, the sport of Ride and Tie." <mask> had been charged by the Company with finding a "a distinctive sports event" for Levis to sponsor. He recalled having read about the old-fashioned custom of two people sharing a single horse on a journey by alternately riding and tying the horse where the other person could come up to it an mount, turn by turn, years before beginning to work for Levi Strauss & Co.  <mask> first heard such a story while researching the history of Pine Valley, California to promote it on behalf of a real estate developer. An article in the July 23, 1933 issue of the San Diego Union told of a Pine Valley father and son,  Charles Emery and his father, William, who set out in 1873 to track down and catch a band of horse thieves who had stolen 14 of their horses. Unfortunately, father and son made the mistake of leaving one of their mounts behind. Determined not to lose the thieves, they pursued them ride-and-tie style - traveling 40 miles a day until they reached Mexico where they found the thieves and were able to reclaim 7 of the stolen horses. Father and son then watched as the Mexican Army executed the horse thieves.he and his California rancher father had used their one remaining horse to go to Mexico to get the horses taken by rustlers who had subsequently been captured and shot.(Ride & Tie: The Challenge of Running and Riding, Don Jacobs, 1978.) <mask> thought that Ride and tie was a perfect fit for the image Levi Strauss was trying to project. By the time of the first race, with 64 teams running and riding 25 miles over California's Mayacamus Mountains between the Napa and Sonoma valleys, <mask> had learned that ride and tie's transportation history was even older. In England, in March 1737, Dr. <mask> and his student David Garrick (later to become the noted actor) had traveled that way 120 miles to London because they had

masks:
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Johns
Samuel Johnson


title: Bud Johns

texts:
 only enough money to rent one horse and stay one night in an inn. (Boswell's Life of Samuel Johnson). In 1742 Henry Fielding's novel History of Joseph Andrews concluded a chapter about the ride and tie journey of two travelers with “...and that is that method of traveling so much in use among our prudent ancestors.”

In addition to his primary corporate communications responsibilities – media relations, company publications, product publicity and involvement with investment relations – <mask> directed the championship race its first 14 years and advocated establishment of the event elsewhere. In 1983 there were an estimated 350 R&T races in the U.S. and abroad.That year on three successive weekends, while in Europe on company business, <mask> attended the 1st annual Swiss championship, the 3rd annual German championship and the 5th annual English championship. On his return to the U.S. he directed the “Levi's” at Eureka, CA, with a field of 198 teams. After 1987 Levi Strauss transferred responsibility for the championship and its promotion to the non-profit Ride & Tie Association. Publishing and writing career

<mask> publishing career began in 1954 when he and his Flint Journal colleague William D. Chase co-founded Apple Tree Press to publish George Bernard Shaw's Last Will and Testament as a book. (Saturday Review (March 27, 1954) and The Book Club of California Quarterly. Fall 2004). <mask> transferred his interest in Apple Tree to Chase who continued it with his brother to publish the annual Chases' Calendar of Annual Events: Special Days, Weeks and Months which is now a part of McGraw-Hill Publishing.In 1968 <mask> founded Synergistic Press which has published an eclectic list focusing on non-fiction including biography and art subjects. He was a director and part owner of Applewood Books, New Bedford, MA. He produced and wrote the script for a half-hour television film on Ride & Tie and was executive producer of "The Best They Can Be," a Clio award-winning television program on athletes

masks: Johns Johns Johns Johns Johns


title: Bud Johns

texts:
 striving to participate in the 1980 Summer Olympics. As freelancer <mask> wrote numerous magazine and newspaper articles. His books include The Ombibulous Mr. Mencken 1968, What Is This Madness? (1985), co-editing and writing the biographical introduction to Bastard in the Ragged Suit (1977) editing, writing the introduction to and one essay in Old Dogs Remembered, published in hardcover by Carroll & Graf, New York, in 1983, and paperback by Synergistic Press in 1999 (1993). Civic participation
During the years 1976 to 1981 <mask> was responsible for annual conferences sponsored by Levi Strauss & Co. at the Sun Valley (ID) Center for the Arts and Institute of the American West on themes such as Western Movies: Myth or Reality?, The Writers and the West, and That Awesome Space (environmental issues).Board memberships include the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area's Greenbelt Alliance (formerly People for Open Space), San Francisco, 1982-2004 (President 1990–1994); Documentary Research, Inc., Buffalo, NY (1978–1990); San Francisco Contemporary Music Players (1981–2004), President, 1996–1998; Stern Grove Festival Association, San Francisco (1970–1981); Rodeo Advisory Committee of the Professional Rodeo Cowboys Association, Colorado Springs, CO (1969–1981); Western States Trails Foundation (1987-1988); and Tamarind Institute of Lithography, University of New Mexico. He was a member of the National Council of the Museum of the American Indian, New York City, 1980–1981. <mask> and his wife, Fran Moreland <mask>,  were generous donors of art from their collection to Washington's Corcoran Gallery of Art. Personal life
<mask> was married to the artist Judith Spector Clancy whose drawings of architectural notable buildings were widely published in magazines, from 1971 until her death in 1990. In 1992 he married Frances Moreland, a writer whose professional name is Fran Moreland <mask>. References

2019 deaths
1929 births
American male journalists
American male novelists
American male non-fiction

masks: Johns Johns Johns Johns Johns Johns


title: Alanson B. Houghton

texts:
<mask>  (October 10, 1863 – September 15, 1941) was an American businessman, politician, and diplomat who served as a Congressman and Ambassador. He was a member of the Republican Party. Early life and business career

<mask><mask> was born on October 10, 1863, in Cambridge, Middlesex County, Massachusetts. He was the son of Ellen Ann (<mask>) and <mask>, Jr. (1837–1909), who would later be President of the Corning Glass Works, the company founded by <mask>'s grandfather <mask>, Sr. in 1851. In 1868, his family moved to Corning, New York. He attended the Corning Free Academy in Corning and St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. <mask> graduated from Harvard University in 1886 and then pursued postgraduate courses in Europe.He attended graduate school in Göttingen, Berlin, and Paris until 1889. Upon his return to Corning in 1889, <mask> began work for his family's business, Corning Glass Works. He served as Vice President of the company from 1902 to 1910, and as the company's president from 1910 to 1918. Under <mask>'s leadership, the company tripled in size to become one of the largest producers of glass products in the United States. The company manufactured 40% of incandescent light bulbs and 75% of the railway signal glass used in the U.S.

<mask>'s interest in and promotion of education, particularly in western New York state, led to his being appointed a trustee of Hobart College in 1917. He was a member of the Jekyll Island Club (aka The Millionaires Club) on Jekyll Island, Georgia, along with J.P. Morgan and William Rockefeller among others. <mask> was a presidential elector in the 1904 presidential election.He was also a presidential elector in 1916, voting for the Republican candidates Charles Evans Hughes and Charles W. Fairbanks. In 1918, <mask> B<mask> defeated incumbent Congressman Harry H. Pratt in the Republican primary. He went on to win the general election and joined the Sixty-sixth Congress, representing New York's 37th Congressional District. In 1920, <mask> garnered 68% of

masks:
Alanson Bigelow Houghton
Alanson B
. Houghton
Bigelow
Amory Houghton
Alanson
Amory Houghton
Houghton
Houghton
Houghton
Houghton
Politics Houghton
Alanson
. Houghton
Houghton


title: Alanson B. Houghton

texts:
 the vote to win reelection over Democrat Charles R. Durham and Socialist Francis Toomey. <mask> took office on March 4, 1919. During his two terms in the House, <mask> served on the Foreign Affairs and Ways and Means committees. Diplomacy
<mask>, having studied in prewar Germany, admired German culture and understood German politics.His appointment was approved by the U.S. Senate and well received by the Weimar Republic. On February 28, 1922, <mask> resigned his House seat to accept appointment from President Warren G. Harding as the U.S. Ambassador to Germany. <mask> believed that world peace, European stability, and American prosperity depended upon a reconstruction of Europe's economy and political system. He saw his role as promoting American political engagement with Europe. He overcame domestic opposition, and disinterest in Washington. He quickly realized that the central issues of the day were all entangled in economics, especially war debts owed by the Allies to the United States, reparations owed by Germany to the Allies, worldwide inflation, and international trade and investment.Solutions, he believed, required new policies by Washington and close cooperation with Britain and Germany. He was a leading promoter of the Dawes Plan. On February 24, 1925, President Calvin Coolidge appointed <mask> as the U.S. Ambassador to Great Britain. <mask> assumed the post on April 6, 1925, and served until April 27, 1929. <mask>'s service in both Germany and England gave him a unique ability to address the issue of the war reparations Germany owed to its World War I opponents, England being one of them. <mask> laid some of the groundwork for the Dawes Plan, named after then U.S. Vice President Charles G. Dawes, who would be <mask>'s successor as Ambassador to Great Britain.In 1928, <mask> ran for the U.S. Senate from New York against first-term incumbent Royal S. Copeland, a Democrat. <mask> lost by just over one percentage point. Death and legacy
After his loss in the 1928 Senate race, <mask> returned

masks: Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton


title: Alanson B. Houghton

texts:
 to managing the Corning Glass Works. He was a founding member of the Board of Trustees of the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton, New Jersey, serving as Chairman until his death in 1941. He also was an original standing committee member of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles and served as vice president of the American Peace Society, which publishes World Affairs, the oldest U.S. journal on international relations. <mask> died at his summer home in South Dartmouth, Massachusetts, on September 15, 1941. He was interred at Hope Cemetery Annex in Corning, New York.During World War II the Liberty ship  was built in Panama City, Florida, and named in his honor. <mask>'s son, Amory <mask> (1899–1981), served as the United States Ambassador to France (1957–1961) under President Dwight D. Eisenhower. His grandson, Amo <mask>, was a U.S. Congressman from New York from 1987 until 2005. See also
 List of covers of Time magazine (1920s) – April 5, 1926
 The Harvard Monthly

References

Further reading
 Jones, Kenneth Paul, ed. U.S. Diplomats in Europe, 1919–41 (ABC-CLIO. 1981) online on <mask>'s role in Europe, pp 25–42..
 Matthews, Jeffrey J. <mask> B. <mask>: Ambassador in the New Era .Wilmington, Del. : Scholarly Resources Inc., 2004. Retrieved on 2008-02-15
Kestenbaum, Lawrence. The Political Graveyard. Harvard Business School. Leadership database. External links

American business executives
Corning Inc.
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
1863 births
1941 deaths
Businesspeople from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors of the United States to Germany
Politicians from Cambridge, Massachusetts
New York (state) Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Harvard University alumni
Politicians from Corning, New York
1904 United States presidential electors
1916 United States presidential electors
People from Dartmouth, Massachusetts
20th-century American

masks: Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Houghton Alanson Houghton


title: Emma Gendron

texts:
<mask> was a French-Canadian screenwriter, playwright, and journalist, born in 1895 in Saint-Barnabé, Quebec, Canada. She has been noted as one of the primary figures in Quebecois silent cinema and was likely one of the first female screenwriters in Quebec. In the early years of Francophone cinema in Canada, films were primarily focused on non-fiction topics; filmmakers produced newsreels, actualities, and travelogues. However, of the few fiction films produced, <mask> was a notable female screenwriter alongside Marguerite Marquis. <mask> also became well known for her column, Courrier de Manon, and also ran as a candidate in federal elections. <mask> has been considered a key pioneer in French-Canadian cinema by numerous scholars. Personal life
<mask> was born in the small Canadian village of Saint-Barnabé, Quebec, Canada in 1895.She was educated through a convent prior to starting work as a secretary at 13-years-old. In her early 20s, she moved to Montréal, Quebec, to study and later became a regular contributor to a number of local newspapers. During her career as a screenwriter in the 1920s and 1930s, she was rumoured to have been in a romantic relationship with film director Joseph-Arthur Homier, though he was married with children. Homier died in 1934, and <mask> married Allan Robert Green in 1939. <mask> died in Montréal, Quebec, in 1952 of an asthma attack. Career

Journalism
After moving to Montréal in her 20s, <mask> became a regular contributor to Le Samedi and La Revue populaire, among other Quebec newspapers. In 1922, <mask> wrote her award-winning play Namounah, a drama about

masks:
Emma Gendron
Emma Gendron
Gendron
Emma Gendron
Gendron
Gendron
Emma Gendron
Gendron
Gendron


title: Emma Gendron

texts:
 forbidden love between an Indigenous princess and a white man.The play gained significant attention from the Montréal press, and was awarded a drama prize from McGill University in 1922. Screenwriting
Shortly after writing Namounah, <mask> met Joseph-Arthur Homier, who was making newsreel films about Montréal at the time. <mask>'s first screenwriting credit was for Homier's feature-length film, Madeleine de Verchères (1922), a book adaption based on the tale of Quebecois heroine, Madeleine de Verchères. The film was successful in Canadian box offices, which led <mask> and Homier to release another film, La drogue fatale (1924). La drogue fatale (1924) failed to reach Anglophone-Canadian audiences and was not nearly as successful as Madeleine de Verchères (1922). Shortly after the release of La drogue fatale (1924), Homier and <mask> began working on their third film, Les fils de la liberté, which was to be a tale of the Quebecois rebellion against the British in the late 1830s. However, this film was never taken to the production stage.After the release of La drogue fatale and end of her work on Les fils de la liberté, <mask> returned to journalism in Montréal. She became well known for her advice column, Courrier de Manon, in which she wrote as her persona, Manon. The column was later gathered in La Revue de Manon, a women's magazine and film digest. In La Revue de Manon, <mask> wrote serial romances and gossip columns among other pieces. She also began writing serial novels and children's comics that have been argued by some to be infamous for reproducing Rosicrucian ideas. Politics
Before

masks: Gendron Gendron Gendron Gendron Gendron Gendron


title: Emma Gendron

texts:
 settling down with Allan Robert Green in 1939, <mask> ran as an independent candidate in the riding of Saint-Jacques in downtown Montréal during the federal election of 1935. She was the only female candidate from Quebec in the election, and even though she was not elected, <mask> still collected around 3,000 ballots.Similar to the ideologies in her novels and children's comics, <mask> raised ideas from Rosicrucianism. Films

Madeleine de Verchères (1922)
Gendron's first credited film, Madeleine de Verchères, was directed by Joseph-Arthur Homier and retold the story of a Quebec colony that was defended in 1692. Madeleine de Verchères was a 14-year-old historical heroine who was said to have saved the new colony from the Iroquois with the help of only a few settlers. The film was produced by the British American Film Manufacturing Company (BRIAM) and began production in 1912 near Montréal. During this time, many lost or forgotten Quebecois heroes were being brought back into the media. The film was shot on the Kahnawake Mohawk Territory south of Montréal and residents were employed as extras. After its release in 1922, modern reviewers and critics hailed the film for its historical realism.Though the film has been lost, archived newspaper articles described it as realistic and historically accurate. However, at the time of release, the film failed to be marketed to the National Historic Sites of Canada because federal historians found many inaccuracies. Madeleine de Verchères has been noted as the first feature film produced in Canada, and perhaps in all of North America. However, this is up for

masks: Gendron Gendron Gendron


title: Emma Gendron

texts:
 debate among academia and historians, since Evangeline (1913) was released first, but began production after Madeleine de Verchères. La drogue fatale (1924)
Gendron and Homier's second film together, La drogue fatale, was an urban crime drama, likely inspired by American gangster movies of the time. The film tells the story of twin orphans separated at birth, one of which is adopted by a police chief. The main plot focuses on a war between the Montréal police and drug mafia.In order to stop investigations, the mafia leader kidnaps the police chief's daughter and causes her to become dependent on drugs. She is later freed by another member of the mafia, whom she ends up marrying. The film has Anglophone-sounding characters and included bilingual subtitles, but failed to reach English-speaking audiences. The film marks the end of <mask> and Homier's filmmaking careers. Les fils de la liberté (unfinished)
After La drogue fatale (1924), Homier and <mask> began work on another film, Les fils de la liberté. The film was to recall the Lower Canada Rebellion against the British Empire in 1837–1838, but was never pushed to production, likely because of the lack of success of La drogue fatale. Filmography
 Madeleine de Verchères (1922)
 La drogue fatale (1924)
 Les fils de la liberté (unfinished)

References

French Quebecers
1895 births
1952 deaths
Canadian women screenwriters
20th-century Canadian screenwriters
Journalists from Quebec
Writers from Quebec
People from Mauricie
Canadian women non-fiction writers
20th-century Canadian women writers
Independent candidates in the 1935 Canadian federal

masks: Gendron Gendron


title: Oscar Gugen

texts:
<mask> (20 January 1910 – 19 March 1992) co-founded the British Sub-Aqua Club, "the largest and most successful diving club in the world", and the partnership E. T. Skinner & Co. Ltd., which became Typhoon International, "the world’s largest manufacturer of drysuits". Born <mask> in Paris with dual Austrian and French citizenship, he was naturalised British as "Manager and Secretary (Toy Manufacturers)" on 29 August 1951. Early life
<mask> was born in Paris in 1910 to an Austrian father and a French mother. He started as a hotel kitchen hand in Austria, peeling carrots. By the age of 21 he was a hotel director in the south of France. When World War II started, he joined the French Army. After the Germans broke through into France, he destroyed his papers, swam across the mouth of the Loire and boarded the last British destroyer which was evacuating British troops.As he had no papers, he was interned on the Isle of Man, and released at the end of the war. He became a swimming pool attendant, and then managed an American Army Officers' Club. After the Americans left, he became a partner of Eric Skinner, who was selling jigsaw puzzles. E. T. Skinner & Company Ltd

Gugen's partnership was named E. T. Skinner & Co. Ltd after Eric Skinner. The firm traced its origins back to 1948. E. T. Skinner & Co. Ltd. traded from premises at 400 Harrow Road, London W9, then from 1955 at 2 Lochaline Street, Hammersmith, London W6. Gugen used his knowledge of languages and business acumen to expand by importing swimming goggles and swimfins from

masks:
Norbert Oscar Gugen
Norbert Oscar Gugenbichler
Gugen


title: Oscar Gugen

texts:
 patent drawings show the prototype of the Typhoon open-heel Surfmaster fin, which appears in the 1956 Skinner's handbook with the caption: "The Fluted Typhoon Swimfin is covered by British Patent No. 746764." GB781597 (published 21 August 1957): Improvements in or relating to Valves for Underwater Breathing Apparatus. The patent drawings show the prototype of the "Typhoon Automatic Valve Assembly" to be fitted as a snorkel tube to a diving mask and featured in the 1956 Skinner's handbook. GB842768 (published 27 July 1960): Improved Sealing Means for an Aperture in an Article  Flexible Sheet Material. The patent drawings show the prototype of the "Typhoon Watertight Closure" used to seal the Typhoon one-piece dry suit, which appears in the 1966 Skinner's handbook.GB932258 (published 24 July 1963): Improved mask for use in underwater swimming and diving. This patent protects a "cushioned face-mask flange" design providing diving mask wearers with a more comfortable fit. British Sub-Aqua Club
To form a national diving club, <mask> tried to merge with Harold Penman's Underwater Explorers Club, but the attempt failed over policy differences: Penman insisted that either he, or <mask>, should own the club and control the finances, while <mask> was adamant that it should be run by the members and their elected committee. <mask> determined that he would need a dedicated and persuasive journalist to cover publicity and public relations. He found the journalist he wanted in Peter Small who had already expressed enormous enthusiasm for

masks: Gugen Gugen Gugen Gugen


title: Oscar Gugen

texts:
 science and the sea in articles published in Picture Post, the Daily Herald, New Scientist, the Sunday Times and the News Chronicle. Like <mask>, he had used the aqualung, but only briefly. The two obtained scuba diving training from Trevor Hampton at Warfleet Creek.Gugen had two dives, while Small finished the five-lesson course. In the evenings they worked out BSAC's constitution. The "Sub-Aqua" in its name was likeliest <mask>'s idea, as Penman and Hampton had used "Underwater" in their organizations' titles. Jack Atkinson, an ex-RAF flight sergeant, joined them as Training Officer; he soon after took Trevor Hampton's diving course. <mask> retired from chairing the BSAC in 1958. In the club's magazine Triton, Peter Small paid tribute to <mask>'s service as club chairman: "It is impossible to over-estimate what <mask>ugen has accomplished for the club. He and I started it over a glass of beer, but it was mainly his inspiration (the Club, not the beer) and it was he, rather than any other single person, who has guided the Club from those humble beginnings to its present position of national, even international, authority."According to an article elsewhere in the same issue, <mask> was subsequently elected president of the BSAC London Branch, which is the original branch No.1 of the British Sub-Aqua Club. See also
History of British Sub-Aqua Club. References

English underwater divers
Diving equipment manufacturers
1910 births
1992 deaths
People interned in the Isle of Man during World War II
French Army personnel of World

masks:
Gugen
Oscar
Gugen
Oscar Gugen
Oscar G
Gugen


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts:
<mask> is a South Korean professional Crazyracing Kartrider player and video game streamer. He plays for Hanwha Life E sports. <mask> announced his retirement from individual competitions after winning the 2020 SKT JUMP Kartrider League season 1. In June 2020, <mask> won a total of 19 awards in the regular league. This include awards for thirteen championships, three runners-up, and three third places. <mask> won 5th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 13th, 14th, and the 15th Kartrider League, Dual Race season 1 team competition, three individual competitions, team wins, one individual competition in 2019 season 1, 2020 season 1 team competition, and individual competition. On February 25, 2013, <mask> joined Star Treasures, Kart Rider announced his temporary retirement until the league turned into an individual match.He also participated in the StarCraft II League. In 2015, he collaborated with Jeon Dae-Woong, Kang Seok-in, and Jang Jin-Hyung to return to the KartRider League. In 2020, he teamed with Park Do-Hyun, Choi Young-hoon, Bae Sung-bin, and Lee Eun-taek in the first season of the SKT JUMP KartRider League. Kart League

4th–10th Leagues
In the 4th Kart League, he had advanced to the 1st round final, then collapsed in the 2nd half of the game. He was hit by a retirement in the mine and ended up in 7th place. In the 2nd round, he did not continue to the quarter-final as he was placed 6th in the group. However, he succeeded in winning the third round and was considered a big three with Yoo Im-duk and Cho Hyun-joon, but came in third due to Kang

masks:
Moon Ho Joon
Moon
Moon
Moon Ho Joon
Moon


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts: Jin-woo's performance.In round 5, he won back-to-back prizes in various competitions and took the main position. He won the KeSPA Cup, the National Cyber Sports Festival, and won the first and third rounds of the 5th league, setting a record of winning two of the first three rounds. In the Grand Final, he competed with the same on-game team, Jeong Seon-ho. It seemed difficult to win the 16th mine track, but he won the last two games, winning the first place in the last two consecutive games, and catching up with the 10-point gap. In the next round of the 6th League, <mask>-Jun was the runner-up, as Kang Jin-woo won both rounds for the first time in six consecutive games. In the 7th league, he won the second round and went to the Grand Final as the top overall. In the final, defending champion Kang Jin-woo and bike syndrome Kang Suk-in competed for the championship.In the beginning, all three of them were winning, but they had to watch Kang Jin-woo and Kang Seok-in as they caught up in the middle of the race. Kang Seok-in was third after Kang Jin-woo, who won and finished runner-up. The 8th league went straight to the finals, winning the first-round title over Kang Jin-woo and Kim Jun. He finished third in the second round. In the final, struggling in the cold weather, Kang Jin-woo retires from the ice, chasing Kim Jin-hee, who took first place while Kang Seok-in and Kim Jun were down due to a lack of backing. He caught up with Kim just before the final game and finished first overall, but was runner-up when Kim Jin-hee came back in the


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts: final game. In the preliminary round of the 9th round of the league, Jeong Seon-ho was the next runner-up to the round final, and in the early and mid-half of the round final, he showed his strength, beat Jeong Seon-ho, and won the right to go straight to the final second place after Kang Jin-woo.In the second round qualifying round, Kang Seok-in and Jeon Dae-Woong will be in the same group for four consecutive games before advancing to the round final with first place and succeeding in defeating Kang Jin-woo in the second round final. He swept the top spots in the long-awaited final, widening the gap with runner-up Jang Jin-hyeong to win an overwhelming victory. Since then, <mask>-jun has shown his best skills during the round, but he has escaped from being unable to win and began sweeping the championship title. In the 10th league, he was sluggish in the beginning. In Group A of the first round, Kim Sun-il and Kang Jin-woo won first place, but they were defeated by Jang Jin-Hyung and Yoo Young-hyuk in the first round final and did not even get the right to go directly to the Grand Final. However, he showed outstanding performance throughout the second round and won the second round, and succeeded in advancing to the Grand Final as the top overall. And in the Grand Final, he won an overwhelming victory as he played beyond the last league final and finished in 14 games.He dominated the race by widening the gap with Kang Jin-woo, who collapsed after retiring on the broken ice track and reaped his first and third consecutive wins by renewing


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts:
 his first and second-highest gap titles held by Kang Suk-in in the seventh league with an 18-point gap of 84:66. 11th–17th Leagues
The KartRider League was reopened in May 2010. The 11th League was carried out in double-elimination rather than straight to the final through the previous round championship. In the 11th league qualifying round, he lost to Jeon Dae-Woong for two consecutive times and finished second both times, especially in the first round, when he almost fell to third place behind <mask>-hyuk as well as Jeon Dae-Woong but managed to come from behind to take second place. Finally, he made it to the winner's match in second place in the group. Contrary to expectations that he would show a better performance in the winner's game, he showed signs of uneasiness even in the winner's game. Jeon Dae-Woong not only won first place by himself but also was defeated by Yoo Young-hyuk in third place, showing his regretful appearance as a defending champion.In the final, people expected Jeon Dae-Woong to win the championship, which defeated <mask> for three consecutive games, and <mask> did not seem to be able to perform his old skills with a poor reputation, overturning all expectations and beating Jeon Dae-Woong and Yoo Young-hyuk after the middle of the final to compete against Park in the run-up to the championship. Park In-Jae showed sluggish performance during his pursuit and suffered a crisis to the point where there was only a four-point gap before the final match, but he shook off Park In-Jae's pursuit at the last-minute Norte U

masks:
Park Joon
Moon
Moon


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts: Express and won three consecutive titles. In the 12th league, despite being in the same group as Yoo Young-hyuk in the preliminaries, he recorded perfect again after a long time and won the winner's game, and was given a yellow rider. But in the final, Yoo Young-hyuk was unexpectedly sluggish while playing in five games in the first half. While Jeon Dae-Woong and Yoo Young-hyuk were playing, <mask>-jun continued to fall to the bottom, and while Yoo Young-hyuk clinched the title in 13 games, he competed with Kim Taek-hwan for third place and almost failed to win the prize, let alone win, but he won first place in a row in the last minute, driving out Kim Taek-hwan and taking third place. In the 13th league, Lee Yo-han was ranked first in the first group qualifying round and Lee Yo-han in the second round, but in the first and second overall points, Jeon Dae-Woong, Yoo Young-hyuk, and Lee Jung-sun, who showed terrifying force, were ranked first in the first round. In the final round, the big three were in a close race with Yoo Young-hyuk and Jeon Dae-Woong due to the war.Until the last game, <mask>-Joon, 77 points, Yoo Young-hyuk, 77 points, and Jeon Dae-Woong, 72 points were unknown until the end, but after playing at the beginning of the last map, the bridge of fate, he took the first place and kept the first place to the end without narrowing the gap with the second place, he beat defending champion Yoo Young-hyuk and won five times. In November 2011, Nexon KartRider won six times in the 14th league. <mask>-jun, who entered the emperor

masks:
Moon Ho
Moon Ho
Moon Ho


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts: mode in Group A in the first round of the first round, finished the game in five games in a row and advanced to the winner's competition in the second round. In the second round of the winner's match, the team decided to advance to the final by virtually winning first place, and the winner's game turned into a competition for second place and dragged on in the middle of the game, but it awakened again in the second half and went straight to the first place with a huge gap with runner-up Yoo Young-hyuk. Indeed, in the long-awaited final, he finished in 11 games with six first and four-second-place wins in the 80-point lead method. At that time, the score gap with runner-up Jeon Dae-Woong was 44 points, and the gap between the first and second place was greater than the gap between second and eighth place. In a word, he showed an unprecedented Yanghak show.<mask>-jun's 11 games remain the shortest title of the game to date, with 80 points. This is more than the 14th game of <mask>-jun himself, who won the overwhelming title, and 13 games of Yoo Young-hyuk in the 12th league, while the 44-point gap between the first and second place also far exceeds the 18 points <mask>-jun, who won the overwhelming 10th league. The 15th league of Nexon KartRider opened on February 9, 2012. Yoo Young-hyuk and Jeon Dae-Woong, who made it to the first place in a row in the group preliminaries, finished first and second in the winner's competition, and finished third behind him, but the expectation of winning the Grand Final was that <mask>-jun was the first to

masks:
Moon Ho
Moon Ho
Moon Ho
Moon Ho


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts: win the Grand final, and he made a mistake while recording the final perfect score in the early part of the final, but he made a mistake by himself. While Yoo Young-hyuk, who had been sluggish in the early stages, topped the list for five consecutive games in six to 10 games, he ate only 13 points and the gap narrowed to 63 to 62. Since then, both Yoo Young-hyuk and <mask>-jun have struggled and can't eat a few points, and have won seven times by finishing first in the last reverse lobby. It changed from the 16th league to a two-man game, and came up with a drastic rule revision, which calls for the use of reinforced parts (instead, the use of a carnation body with a set tuning condition) and the abolition of the hot rider.Joining Shin Ha-neul in the 16th League as a team of yawns. As his only competitor, Jeon Dae-Woong, did not play this season due to a wrist injury, there was no immediate problem. At the beginning of the final, <mask>-Joon and Shin Ha-neul were both sluggish, failing to stop Yoo Young-hyuk and Park Hyun-ho from playing, and <mask>-Joon revived in the second half and tried to take care of the team by winning five consecutive first place, but Shin lost the title after suffering a serious slump of only 34 points out of 111 points. On January 10, 2013, he participated in the 17th KartRider League as a team called Mun Myeong-ju and Sailor Moon. In the first round of the second round, he won the first place in the group to advance to the final round but was eliminated in the semi-finals. In an interview, he temporarily retired,


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts:
 saying, "I will play again when my league style changes to an individual match." Evolution League ~ Burning Time League
Nexon KartRider has returned from the League Evolution.In the final, he lost the speed match 4 to 3, and lost to Yoo Young-hyuk by 0.005 seconds in the ace decision game by winning the item match by only 4 to 3, and finished runner-up in the return league in 899 days and about 3 years. The team lost to Hwang Sun-min in a close game from the winner's match to the ace's final match against D.A. Engineering and fell to the loser's revival. The problem is that one of the two players, <mask>-Joon and Yoo Young-hyuk, is on the verge of being eliminated from the group stage of the first round of the finals as they met Yoo Young-hyuk's Alstaz again in the consolation match. In the end, he was eliminated in the first round for the first time since his debut due to the worst shoveling and team kill ever since his debut, and the loss of 3:0 in the speed match and 3:2 in the item match. Dual Race ~ Dual Race 2
In the individual league, he also comfortably advanced to the finals as the No. 1 player in the group, but he played 10 games due to his poor performance in the early stages, and his rival Yoo Young-hyuk and super rookie Yoo Chang-Hyun finished the game after scoring 60 points in nine games.However, <mask>-jun was given a green seed in the best-of-breed league as he advanced to the finals as the third-place finisher in the group, but in the 11th and 15th leagues, he lost in the second round to Jeon Dae-Woong and Yoo Young-hyuk

masks:
Moon Ho
Moon Ho


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts:
 and was expected to show better performance than the preliminary round, but ended up in third place in the final with quite a lot of ups and downs. However, in the 14th league, which was in its heyday in the final of the team competition, he won first place four times out of six games and crushed the one-racing perfectly, and after showing good performance in the item match, he finally lifted the 8th trophy. In the pre-voting for the individual final of the dual race season 2, he was still considered the top favorite, despite his disappointment in the team match and supported by more than a majority of users. However, Kim Seung-tae and Kim Jung-je showed a stormy run at the beginning of the game, widening the gap with the median, and <mask>-Joon himself was also frequently involved in big accidents, which eventually led to the worst performance ever. He must have been very unlucky, but he continued to be involved in accidents and eventually failed to advance to the second round. As a result, <mask>-jun had to embrace the dishonor and dishonor of failing to win his first career in the individual league since his debut. Dual Race 3 ~ Dual Race X
He teamed up with Jeon Dae-Woong, Kang Seok-in, and Choi Young-hoon in the 2018 Dual Race Season 3.The individual team advanced to the final with an overwhelming first place, and the team match won against Penta Xenics led by Yoo Young-hyuk in the quarterfinals, but in the semi-final winner's match, the team was pushed back to the final match by losing 2:4 due to Yoo Young-hyuk's sensation play. In


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts:
 the final match, he finally succeeded in advancing to the final after an unexpected item match against Oz-FANTASTICK. In the individual final, he said he was worried that he didn't practice the individual competition because he was concentrating on the team final, but when he entered the game, he won the 1:1 match against Yoo Young-hyuk, who won the bout 9 in the final three sets after winning the overwhelming first place in both the quarterfinals and the semi-finals. In the team final that followed, he showed overwhelming speed again, winning all sets including speed and item competition, becoming the first-ever Kart League player to win the V10, double-digit title. And for the first time, he won both individual and team titles in the same league. In August 2018, Nexon teamed up with Park Do-Hyun, Bae Sung-bin, and Choi Young-hoon under the name of Afreeca Flame in the event league "Dual Race X," which was held by Nexon himself. At first, Yoo Young-hyuk's team was selected as the winner, but in the team match, he advanced to the final with three wins in three matches, and in the individual quarterfinals, he finished second behind Park In-soo, but advanced to the semi-finals.While Park In-soo swept the top spot with an overwhelming appearance in the semi-finals, <mask>-<mask> himself was eliminated from fourth place with his form jagged throughout the game. 2019 Season 1 and Season 2
In the best-of-five best-of-five match in the second set, Park In-soo was shovel-killed in downtown Dubai and lost the first track, but he won three

masks:
Moon Ho
Joon


title: Moon Ho Joon

texts:
 consecutive games to achieve V11 of glory. In the final match of the team match, he continued his individual performance and made two perfect matches with Yoo Young-hyuk in the speed match, but Choi Young-hoon and Kang Seok-in were sluggish and lost, but he won the item match and went to the ace final round, but unfortunately, he knelt down in front of Park In-soo, who met again in the square Santa secret space, and the two wins in the league failed. He did not make it to the second round in the individual competition and lost to Bae Sung-bin in the final round, finishing fourth. In the team match that followed, the team lost the speed match by 2:4 and lost by 0:4 in the item match, which was called the strongest, and the team game that they wanted so much again suffered a second-place finish. 2020 Season 1
Hanwha Life's winning all four games came in his first place. Although the item match was swept by 0:4, Lee Jae-hyuk, the ace final match in the third set, and Lee Jae-hyuk, the owner of the mine, won the game after a close battle with three laps, and won the victory himself, winning the honorable V13, the team match V3, the second two major wins, and the first victory in the 21st century among professional sports teams sponsored by Hanwha.StarCraft II

He joined StarCraft on February 25, 2013, declaring that Starcraft 2 and KartRider would join him. However, he left Startail in October 2014 and was seen playing KartRiders with Korean players such as Chinese professional gamers and <mask>-sun in association with Jeon Dae-Woong on an


title: George Munro, 1st of Newmore

texts:
Sir <mask>, 1st of Newmore (1602–1693) was a 17th-century Scottish soldier and member of parliament from the Clan Munro, Ross-shire, Scotland. He was seated at Newmore Castle. Between 1629 and 1634 Munro held command in the Swedish army during the Thirty Years' War, and from 1642 in the Scottish Covenanter army during the Irish Confederate Wars before changing his allegiance to the Royalist cause of Charles I in 1648 during the Scottish Civil War and Irish Confederate Wars. Lineage

<mask>, 1st of Newmore was the third son of Colonel John Munro, 2nd of Obsdale,
who was in turn a son of <mask>, 1st of Obsdale, who in turn was a younger son of Robert Mor Munro, 15th Baron of Foulis, chief of the Clan Munro. <mask>'s elder brother was Sir Robert Munro, 3rd Baronet of Foulis, who became chief of the Clan Munro in 1651. As a cadet of the Munro of Obsdale family, <mask> is also sometimes referred to as <mask> of Obsdale and as he later owned the lands of Culrain is also sometimes referred to as <mask> of Culrain. Thirty Years' War
Munro grew up a bold, powerful and fearless man, playing a conspicuous part in the history and feuds of his time.He entered the army and accompanied his famous uncle, General Robert Monro (and his great-uncle, chief Robert Munro, 18th Baron of Foulis) to the Continental Thirty Years' War, in which he very rapidly distinguished himself. In 1629 when the war broke out between Sweden and Austria, <mask> gave his services to Gustavus Adolphus and

masks:
George Munro
George Munro
George Munro
George
George
George Munro
George Munro
George Munro


title: George Munro, 1st of Newmore

texts:
 served under him with distinction. <mask> commanded the left wing of the Swedish army at the Battle of Lutzen on 6 November 1632 in which the Swedish army was victorious over the Imperialists. However, after Lutzen, arguing ensued amongst many of the officers of the Swedish army and as a result they were defeated at the Battle of Nördlingen. The petty differences on the part of those in command led to no properly defined plan of attack and <mask> was so disgusted with these matters that he returned home to Scotland. Irish Confederate Wars
Munro fought in the Irish Confederate Wars under his uncle Robert Monro who commanded the Scottish Covenanter army. Between 1642 and 1646 <mask> and his uncle Robert were generally successful against their enemies the O'Neils, and during that time the Munros put down a rebellion in Ulster in 1642 and captured Belfast in 1644.In 1644 Robert Monro was recalled to Scotland to oppose the Royalist victories of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, and command of the Scottish Covenanter army in Ireland fell to his nephew <mask>, 1st of Newmore whose principles inclined him to favour the Royalists. General Robert Monro was defeated by the Irish Confederates at the Battle of Benburb in Ireland in 1646 and Carrickfergus Castle was surrendered to the English Parliamentarian <mask> in 1648. As a result, Robert Monro was imprisoned by Oliver Cromwell in the Tower of London. <mask> then returned to Scotland in 1648, where he was appointed

masks:
George Munro
George Munro
George
George Munro
George Monck
George Munro


title: George Munro, 1st of Newmore

texts:
 General by Charles I of England, thus becoming a royalist. Civil War in Scotland
<mask> having returned to Scotland with 1200 horse and 2100 foot soldiers was sent to support the royalist James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton. The Scottish royalists were defeated at the Battle of Preston (1648) by the Parliamentarian forces of Oliver Cromwell. But before the battle Munro had refused to serve under James Livingston, 1st Earl of Callendar who was the second in command under the Duke of Hamilton.An argument had ensued, and as a result Munro's involvement in the battle was limited. <mask> had an intense dislike for Callender, and Callendar saw no reason why Munro should be allowed an independent command. The Duke of Hamilton (Earl of Lanark) had raised three regiments of royalist horse, which were now under his command. These, with the accessions of forces which were daily arriving from different parts of the kingdom, were quite sufficient to have put down the insurrection in the west; but instead of marching, Lanark, to everyone's surprise, proceeded through East Lothian towards the eastern borders to meet up with Sir <mask>, who was retiring upon Berwick before the army of Cromwell. The Earl of Lanark declined to attack Covenanter David Leslie, Lord Newark, acting contrary to the advice of <mask> and his other officers. According to Dr Wishart, Lanark's advanced guard, on arriving at Musselburgh, attacked some of Leslie's Covenanter outposts who defended the bridge

masks:
George Munro
George Munro
George Munro
George Munro


title: George Munro, 1st of Newmore

texts:
 new commission from the exiled King. Return to Ireland
In 1649 Munro returned briefly to Ireland where he opposed Cromwell's Irish campaign and supported the royalist siege of Derry. <mask> left the siege on 7 June 1649 and proceeded to Coleraine which he also laid siege to and successfully captured. He then left Coleraine on 17 July 1649 and rejoined the siege of Derry. The besiegers built a fort at the Knock of Ember which they named Fort Charles in recognition of the king. The fort was itself besieged by the Parliamentarians who were repulsed by <mask> and his forces. The siege of Derry however was not successful and Munro was forced into a final return to Scotland in April 1650 as a result of the rout of the Scottish royalist army at the Battle of Lisnagarvey.Royalist rising of 1651 to 1654

After the defeat of the royalists in England, Oliver Cromwell came to occupy Scotland, but many of the Highlanders waged a war against him. The royalist uprising, led by William Cunningham, 9th Earl of Glencairn in support of the exiled King Charles II, began in 1651. General John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton, a veteran of the wars against Cromwell, was appointed commander-in-chief of the royalist forces, and both he and Glencairn agreed to unite their respective forces at Dornoch in Sutherland. Munro served as an officer in General Middleton's force. However, the two factions of the royalist force engaged in petty disputes and quarrels with each other. This eventually

masks:
George Munro
George Munro


title: George Munro, 1st of Newmore

texts:
 led to a duel between Munro and the Earl of Glencairn himself, with broadswords (known in Scotland as claymores), in which both were wounded. Soon afterward Glencairn was placed under arrest by the orders of Middleton and his sword was taken from him.However, the following day two junior officers from the two camps had a duel of their own in which one was killed and the other was later arrested and hanged. The royalist rising of the Highlanders and Lowlanders, although having various successes in skirmishes against Cromwell, was not enough and ended by the autumn of 1654. Restoration

The Restoration of King Charles II took place in 1660 and Sir <mask>, 1st of Newmore commanded the King's forces between 1674 and 1677. Member of Parliament

In 1661 <mask> was elected member of Parliament for Ross-shire and continued to represent that constituency until 1663. He represented the county of Sutherland from 1669 until 1674 and was again returned for Ross-shire in 1685 and represented it until 1686. He was elected for the same county in 1689 and continued to represent it until his death in 1693. In 1691, at an advanced age, <mask> was briefly in command of an Independent Highland Company that was to keep order in the Scottish Highlands.<mask> died on 11 July 1693 at his seat Newmore Castle and was succeeded by his eldest son, Hugh Munro, 2nd of Newmore. Family

<mask> married firstly his cousin, Anne Munro daughter of his uncle Major-General Robert Monro and Jean, widow

masks:
George Munro
George Munro
George Munro
George
George


title: George Munro, 1st of Newmore

texts:
 of Viscount Montgomery of Ardee, and had one child:
Hugh Munro, 2nd of Newmore. <mask> married secondly in 1649 Christiana Hamilton, daughter of Sir Frederick Hamilton of Manorhamilton and sister of Gustavus Hamilton, 1st Viscount Boyne, descended from Mary, eldest daughter of King James II of Scotland. <mask> and Christiana had the following children:
John Munro. (died 1682). <mask>, 1st of Culrain. (From who the present chiefs of the Clan Munro are descended).Ann Munro. (Married first Donald Mackay, Master of Reay - second son of John Mackay, 2nd Lord Reay. She married secondly Lauchlan Mackintosh, 19th of Mackintosh.) Jane Munro. (Married Alexander Sinclair of Brins, in Caithness). Isobel Munro (Married Robert Gray, 6th of Skibo). Lucy Munro.(Married James Sinclair-Sutherland, 2nd of Swinnie.) Helen Munro. (Married firstly Angus, eldest son of Angus Mackay of Bighouse. Married secondly, Captain Andrew Munro of Westertown, second son of Sir John Munro, 4th Baronet). Catherine Munro. (Married <mask> of Lemlair). Florence Munro.(Married Andrew Munro of Logie). See also
 Clan Munro
 John Munro, 4th of Newmore

References

Bibliography

Keltie, John S F.S.A. Scot. (1830). History of the Scottish Highlands, Highland Clans and Scottish Regiments. Mackenzie, Alexander. (1898).History of the Munros of Foulis. Edinburgh. Monroe, Horace (Canon of Southwark). (1926). Foulis Castle and The Monroes of Lower Iveagh. Munro, R.W. (1987).Mapping the Clan Munro. Published by the

masks:
George
George
George Munro
George Munro


title: George Munro, 1st of Newmore

texts:
 Clan Munro (Association). Reid, Stuart. (1998). All the King's Armies: a military history of the English Civil War 1642-1651. Staplehurst. Simpson, Peter.(1996). The Independent Highland Companies, 1603 - 1760. .
Way, <mask> and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). 1602 births
1693 deaths
Scottish soldiers
<mask>, 1st of Newmore
Shire Commissioners to the Parliament of Scotland
Scottish people of the Thirty Years' War
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1661–1663
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1669–1674
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1685–1686
Members of the Parliament of Scotland

masks:
George
George Munro


title: Heinz von Foerster

texts:
<mask> (German spelling: <mask>; November 13, 1911 – October 2, 2002) was an Austrian American scientist combining physics and philosophy, and widely attributed as the originator of Second-order cybernetics. He was twice a Guggenheim fellow (1956–57 and 1963–64) and also was a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1980. He is well known for his 1960 Doomsday equation formula published in Science predicting future population growth. As a polymath, he wrote nearly two hundred professional papers, gaining renown in fields from computer science and artificial intelligence to epistemology, and researched high-speed electronics and electro-optics switching devices as a physicist, and in biophysics, the study of memory and knowledge. He worked on cognition based on neurophysiology, mathematics, and philosophy and was called "one of the most consequential thinkers in the history of cybernetics". He came to the United States, and stayed after meeting with Warren Sturgis McCulloch, where he received funding from The Pentagon to establish the Biological Computer Laboratory, which built the first parallel computer, the Numa-Rete. Working with William Ross Ashby, one of the original Ratio Club members, and together with Warren McCulloch, Norbert Wiener, <mask> and Lawrence J. Fogel, <mask> was an architect of cybernetics and one of the members of the Macy conferences, eventually becoming editor of its early proceedings alongside Hans-Lukas Teuber and Margaret Mead.Biography
<mask> was born in 1911 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, as <mask> Förster. His paternal grandfather was Austrian architect Emil Ritter <mask>. His maternal grandmother was Marie Lang, an Austrian feminist, theosophist and publisher. He studied physics at the Technical University of Vienna and at the

masks:
Heinz von Foerster
Heinz von Förster
John von Neumann
Heinz von Foerster
Von Foerster
Heinz von
von Foerster


title: Heinz von Foerster

texts:
 University of Breslau, where in 1944 he received a Ph.D. in physics. His relatives included Ludwig Wittgenstein, Erwin Lang and <mask> Hofmannsthal. Ludwig Förster was his great-grandfather. His Jewish roots didn't cause him much troubles while he worked in radar laboratories during the Nazi era, as "he hid his ancestry with the help of an employer who chose not to press him for documents on his family."He moved to the US in 1949, and worked at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where he was a professor of electrical engineering from 1951 to 1975. He also was professor of biophysics (1962–1975) and Director of the Biological Computer Laboratory (1958–1975). Additionally, in 1956–57 and 1963–64 he was a Guggenheim Fellow and also President of the Wenner-Gren-Foundation for anthropological research from 1963 to 1965. He knew well and was in conversation with <mask> Neumann, Norbert Wiener, Humberto Maturana, Francisco Varela, Gordon Pask, Gregory Bateson, Lawrence J. Fogel and Margaret Mead, among many others. He influenced generations of students as a teacher and inclusive, enthusiastic collaborator. He died on October 2, 2002 in Pescadero, California. Work
Von <mask> was influenced by the Vienna Circle and Ludwig Wittgenstein.He worked in the field of cybernetics and is known as the inventor of second-order cybernetics. He made important contributions to constructivism. He is also known for his interest in computer music and magic. The electron tube laboratory
In 1949, <mask> started work at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign at the electron tube laboratory of the Electrical Engineering Department, where he succeeded Joseph Tykociński-Tykociner. With his students he developed many innovative devices, including ultra-high-frequency electronics

He also worked on

masks:
Hugo von
John von
Foerster
von Foerster


title: Heinz von Foerster

texts:
 mathematical models of population dynamics and in 1959 published a model now called the "<mask>er equation", which is derivable from the principles of constant aging and conservation of mass. where: n = n(t,a), t stands for time and a for age. m(a) is the death in function of the population age; n(t,a) is the population density in function of age.When m(a) = 0, we have:

It relates that a population ages, and that fact is the only one that influences change in population density. It is therefore a continuity equation; it can be solved using the method of characteristics. Another way is by similarity solution; and a third is a numerical approach such as finite differences. The gross birth rate is given by the following boundary condition:

The solution is only unique given the initial conditions

which states that the initial population distribution must be given; then it will evolve according to the partial differential equation. Biological Computer Laboratory
In 1958, he formed the Biological Computer Lab, studying similarities in cybernetic systems in biology and electronics. Macy conferences
He was the youngest member of the core group of the Macy conferences on Cybernetics and editor of the five volumes of Cybernetics (1949–1953), a series of conference transcripts that represent important foundational conversations in the field. It was <mask> who suggested that Wiener's coinage "Cybernetics" be applied to this conference series, which had previously been called "Circular Causal and Feedback Mechanisms in Biological and Social Systems".Doomsday equation
A 1960 issue of Science magazine included an article by <mask> and his colleagues P. M. Mora and L. W. Amiot proposing a formula representing a best fit to available historical data on world population; the authors then predicted

masks:
von Foerst
von Foerster
von Foerster


title: Heinz von Foerster

texts:
 future population growth on the basis of this formula. The formula gave 2.7 billion as the 1960 world population and predicted that population growth would become infinite by Friday, November 13, 2026 – <mask>'s 115th birthday anniversary – a prediction that earned it the name "the Doomsday Equation." Based on population data obtained from various sources, <mask> and his students concluded that world population growth over the centuries was faster than an exponential. In such a situation, doubling-time decreases over time. Von Foerster's tongue-in-cheek prediction of Doomsday on November 13, 2026, was based on an extrapolation into the future of doubling-time, with the finding that doubling-time would decrease to zero on that date. Responders to his Doomsday prediction objected on the grounds of the finite human gestation time of 9 months, and the transparent fact that biological systems rarely persist in exponential growth for any substantial length of time. Those who knew <mask>er could see in his rejoinders an evident sense of humor.See also

 Logarithmic timeline
 Das Netz: interview with <mask>er, 2003
 Macy conferences
 Power law: The equation that he derived for the date calculated is one that nowadays is called a power law. List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
 The Dream of Reality by Lynn Segal, 1986. A book summarizing <mask>'s constructivist epistemology. Publications
<mask> authored more than 100 publications. Books, a selection:

 1949, Cybernetics: Transactions of the Sixth Conference, (editor), Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation: New York, 220 pp. 2002, Understanding understanding, a volume of <mask>er's papers, published by Springer-Verlag, 2002. 2010, with Monika Broecker: Part of the World.Fractals of Ethics – A Drama in Three Acts. <mask> <mask>'s most extensive

masks:
von Foerster
von Foerster
von Foerst
von Foerst
von Foerster
Von Foerster
von Foerst
Heinz von
Foerster


title: Heinz von Foerster

texts:
 biography. First published in German in 2002: with Monika Broecker. Teil der Welt. Fraktale einer Ethik – ein Drama in drei Akten. Articles, a selection:
 1958, "Basic Concepts of Homeostasis." In: Homeostatic Mechanisms, Upton, New York, pp.216–242, 1958. 1960, "Doomsday: Friday, November 13, AD 2026," with P. M. Mora und L. W. Amiot, Science 132, pp. 1291–1295, 1960. 1961, "A Predictive Model for Self-Organizing Systems," Part I: Cybernetica 3, pp. 258–300; Part II: Cybernetica 4, pp. 20–55, with Gordon Pask, 1961. 1964, "Biological Computers," with W. Ross Ashby, In: Bioastronautics, K. E. Schaefer, Macmillan Co., New York, pp.333– 360, 1964. 1969, "What is Memory that it may have Hindsight and Foresight"
 1971, "Computing in the Semantic Domain"
 1971, "Technology. What Will It Mean to Librarians?" References

Further reading
 Asaro, Peter M. (2007). "<mask> Foerster and the Bio-Computing Movements of the 1960s," in Albert Müller and Karl H. Müller (eds.) An Unfinished Revolution? <mask> <mask> and the Biological Computer Laboratory | BCL 1958–1976.Vienna, Austria: Edition Echoraum. External links

 Humanities Review Interview at Stanford University
 The <mask> Foerster Page
 Biological Computer Laboratory web site, University of Illinois
 An anthology of Circularity Principles from the <mask> Foerster entry at The Cybernetics Society
 Gooch, Sherwin, & Nordin, Hud,

 "<mask> Foerster Papers at the University of Illinois Archives"

1911 births
2002 deaths
Austrian scientists
Cyberneticists
Systems scientists
Epistemologists
Complex systems scientists
Singularitarians
Scientists from Vienna
TU Wien alumni
University of Breslau alumni
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign faculty
American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
People from Pescadero, California
Austrian emigrants to

masks:
Heinz von
Heinz von
Foerster
Heinz von
Heinz von
Heinz Von


title: Zoë Kravitz

texts:
<mask>tz (born December 1, 1988) is an American actress, singer, and model. The daughter of actor-musician Lenny Kravitz and actress Lisa Bonet, she made her acting debut in the romantic comedy film No Reservations (2007), and had her breakthrough portraying Angel Salvadore in the superhero film X-Men: First Class (2011), which earned her nominations for a Teen Choice Award and a Scream Award. She rose to prominence playing Christina in The Divergent Series (2014–2016) and Leta Lestrange in the Fantastic Beasts film series (2016–2018). Kravitz earned acclaim for her lead roles in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies (2017–2019), which earned her a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, and the Hulu romantic comedy series High Fidelity (2020), for which she won a Black Reel Award and received a nomination for a Satellite Award. She voiced Catwoman in The Lego Batman Movie (2017), and will reprise the role in Matt Reeves' DC film The Batman (2022); she additionally provided the voice of Mary Jane Watson in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018). She appeared as Toast the Knowing in Mad Max: Fury Road (2015), and has starred in numerous independent films, including Dope (2015), Adam Green's Aladdin (2016), and Gemini (2017). In addition to acting, Kravitz works as a fashion model and musician.As of 2017, she is the face of YSL Beauté. Kravitz has also starred in campaigns for Tiffany & Co., Vera Wang, Balenciaga, Alexander Wang, Coach New York, Tumi, and Calvin Klein. She fronts the band Lolawolf and released the albums Calm Down in 2014 and Tenderness in 2020. Early life

Kravitz was born in Venice, Los Angeles at the home of


title: Zoë Kravitz

texts:
 her parents, actress Lisa Bonet and musician Lenny Kravitz. Both parents are of mixed African American and Jewish descent (her paternal grandfather was of Russian-Jewish or Ukrainian-Jewish ancestry). Her paternal grandmother, actress Roxie Roker (a first cousin once removed of television weather forecaster Al Roker), and her maternal grandfather, Allen Bonet, were African American, with some of her grandmother's family being from the Bahamas. Her paternal grandfather, NBC television news producer Sy Kravitz, and maternal grandmother, Arlene Litman, were both of Jewish heritage.Kravitz identifies as a secular Jew. <mask>'s parents married in 1987 and divorced six years later, in 1993, when Zoë was 5 years old. She lived with her mother in Topanga Canyon, and then moved to Miami at age 11 to live with her father, spending summers with her mother. Kravitz has a younger half-sister, Lola Iolani Momoa, and a half-brother, Nakoa-Wolf Manakauapo Namakaeha Momoa, from her mother's remarriage to actor Jason Momoa. Her godfather is movie producer Bruce Cohen, and her godmothers are actresses Marisa Tomei and Cree Summer. Kravitz attended Miami Country Day School and Rudolf Steiner School in Manhattan graduating in 2007. Kravitz began studying that year at the acting conservatory under Scott McCrea at the State University of New York at Purchase where her peers included Micah Stock and Jason Ralph.She left college after a year and moved to Brooklyn, New York to work in films. She struggled with anorexia and bulimia throughout high school, until around age 24. Career

Early work and breakthrough (2008–2012)
Kravitz landed her first film


title: Zoë Kravitz

texts: role while in high school, playing a babysitter hired by Catherine Zeta-Jones' character in the 2007 romantic comedy No Reservations. In the same year she also appeared in the action thriller The Brave One. In 2008, Kravitz appeared in the music video for Jay Z's "I Know", and was featured singing in will.i.am's music video for "We Are the Ones", in support of US presidential candidate Barack Obama. That same year she also appeared in the family drama Birds of America and neo noir comedy Assassination of a High School President. She began making music at the age of 16.She fronted the New York/Philadelphia-based band Elevator Fight, which she formed in 2009. The band performed at the South by Southwest music festival and on the main stage of the Roots Picnic in Philadelphia in June 2009, along with The Roots, TV On The Radio, and The Black Keys. Kravitz stated in 2011 that her music is a hobby. She also performed with the cabaret troupe The Citizens Band. In 2009, Kravitz co-starred in the independent ensemble drama The Greatest, in which her character is addicted to grief counseling groups. Also in 2009, she was named the face of Vera Wang's Princess fragrance in 2009, appearing on the website and in advertisements for the brand. In 2010, she appeared in It's Kind of a Funny Story.Also that year, Kravitz appeared in Twelve. <mask> next starred in the romantic comedy Beware the Gonzo as the female lead and love interest of Ezra Miller's eponymous Gonzo. Kravitz was featured in a campaign for fashion designer Alexander Wang in 2010. In 2011, Kravitz appeared in the coming-of-age film Yelling to the Sky. She also appeared in


title: Zoë Kravitz

texts:
 eight episodes of the Showtime television series Californication, in which she portrayed Pearl, the vocalist of the all-female band Queens of Dogtown. That same year she portrayed the comic book character Angel Salvadore in X-Men: First Class. Kravitz filmed her scenes in London and performed wire work for her role, to simulate her character's ability to fly.In late 2011, Kravitz completed work on a film with the working title Treading Water, which was eventually released in 2013, renamed The Boy Who Smells Like Fish. In the same year, she represented Vera Wang's new Preppy Princess fragrance. Rise to prominence and expansion (2013–present)
In 2013, she co-starred in After Earth. In 2013, Kravitz released a jewelry line in collaboration with the Swarovski crystal company. She used ethnic and vintage jewelry, and her birthstone, Turquoise, as inspiration for her designs. In 2014, she portrayed the character Christina in Divergent. Kravitz reprised her role in the sequels Insurgent and Allegiant.Also in 2014, she starred in the independent drama The Road Within and the romantic comedy Pretend We're Kissing. Kravitz started the band Lolawolf while in Los Angeles filming The Road Within. Made up of members from the band Reputante, Lolawolf released an eponymous EP and debuted at the Mercury Lounge in November 2013. The band was named after <mask>' younger siblings, Lola and Nakoa-Wolf. They released their debut album, Calm Down, on October 21, 2014, and supported Lily Allen, Miley Cyrus, and Warpaint on tour in 2014. The band released the five-track EP, Every Fuckin Day, on June 23, 2015. Kravitz appeared in 2014's Good Kill.In


title: Zoë Kravitz

texts: 2015, she appeared in the comedy-drama Dope and in Mad Max: Fury Road. In 2016, she co-starred in the action thriller Vincent N Roxxy and appeared in the independent film Adam Green's Aladdin. Kravitz also had a role in the Harry Potter spin-off Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them as Leta Lestrange. In 2017, Kravitz starred in the mystery thriller Gemini. In the same year, she appeared in the comedy film Rough Night and the animated superhero film The Lego Batman Movie, in which she voiced the comic book character Selina Kyle / Catwoman. She also became the face of Brooklyn-based designer Alexis Bittar's jewelry line in 2015. From 2017 to 2019, Kravitz starred in the HBO drama series Big Little Lies, in which she portrays Bonnie Carlson; for her performance, she earned two Black Reel Award nominations as well as a nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Drama Series.Kravitz appeared in the 2018 science fiction action film Kin and reprised her role as Leta Lestrange in Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald, in a larger capacity. Also in 2018, she appeared on BBC Children in Need with Eddie Redmayne, setting up Alex Jones from The One Show, with the help of children who fed them the answers to the interview questions. <mask> was ranked one of the best dressed women in 2018 by fashion website Net-a-Porter. In the same year, Kravitz was featured on the song "Screwed" on Janelle Monáe's album Dirty Computer. She was also featured on "Anti-Social Smokers Club" on Rae Sremmurd's third album SR3MM. In 2020, Kravitz headlined the romantic comedy web television series High


title: Zoë Kravitz

texts:
 Fidelity, premiering on Valentine's Day on Hulu. She starred as one of the leads in Viena and the Fantomes.Kravitz is set to portray Selina Kyle / Catwoman, now in live action, in director Matt Reeves' The Batman, which is scheduled for release on March 4, 2022. In June 2021, Kravitz announced plans to make her directorial debut in Pussy Island, a film she also co-wrote, and plans to star alongside Channing Tatum. In August 2021, it was announced that Kravitz will star and serve as an executive producer on coming-of-age animated series Phatty Patty, bankrolled by Will Smith and Jada Pinkett Smith's Westbrook Studios. Personal life
Kravitz lives in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. The song "Flowers for Zoë", included on her father's second album Mama Said, was written as a tribute to the two-year-old Zoë. She briefly dated Ezra Miller while they were filming Beware the Gonzo and was in a relationship with actor Penn Badgley from 2011 until 2013. In 2016, Kravitz began a relationship with actor Karl Glusman.Kravitz revealed in an interview published in October 2018 that she became engaged in February of that year. The two were married at <mask>'s father's home in Paris on June 29, 2019. In December 2020, Kravitz filed for divorce from Glusman. The divorce was finalized in August 2021. Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Discography

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1988 births
21st-century American actresses
Actresses from Los Angeles
African-American actresses
African-American female models
African-American Jews
African-American models
American female models
American film actresses
American people of


title: Denis Thatcher

texts:
<mask>, 1st Baronet,  (10 May 1915 – 26 June 2003) was an English businessman and the husband of <mask>, who served as the first female British prime minister from 1979 to 1990; in turn, he became the first male prime ministerial spouse. <mask> was granted the <mask> baronetcy in 1990 and remains the most recent commoner to have been awarded a hereditary title. Early life
<mask> was born in Lewisham, London, as the first child of New Zealand-born British businessman Thomas Herbert "Jack<mask> (15 October 1885 – 24 June 1943) and Lilian Kathleen Bird  At age eight, <mask> entered a preparatory school as a boarder in Bognor Regis, following which he attended the nonconformist public school Mill Hill School in north London. At school he excelled at cricket, being a left-handed batsman. <mask> left Mill Hill at age 18 to join the family paint and preservatives business, Atlas Preservatives. He also studied accountancy to improve his grasp of business, and in 1935 was appointed works manager. He joined the Territorial Army shortly after the Munich crisis, as he was convinced war was imminent a view reinforced by a visit he made to Nazi Germany with his father's business in 1937.War record

During the Second World War, <mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the 34th Searchlight (Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment) of the Royal Engineers. He transferred to the Royal Artillery on 1 August 1940. During the war he was promoted to war substantive captain and temporary major. He served throughout the Allied invasion of Sicily and the Italian campaign and was twice mentioned in dispatches, and in 1945 was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE). The first mention in dispatches came on 11 January 1945, for service in Italy, and the second on 29 November 1945, again for Italian service. His MBE was gazetted on 20 September 1945, and was awarded for his efforts in initiating and supporting Operation Goldflake, the transfer of I Canadian Corps from

masks:
Sir Denis Thatcher
Margaret Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
" Thatcher
Denis
Thatcher
Thatcher


title: Denis Thatcher

texts:
 Italy to the north-west European theatre of operations. By this time, <mask> was based in Marseille, attached to HQ 203 sub-area.In the recommendation for the MBE (dated 28 March 1945), his commanding officer wrote: "Maj. <mask> set an outstanding example of energy, initiative and drive. He deserves most of the credit for [...] the excellence of the work done." <mask> also received the French approximate equivalent of a mention when he was cited in orders at Corps d'Armée level for his efforts in promoting smooth relations between the Commonwealth military forces and the French civil and military authorities. He was promoted to substantive lieutenant on 11 April 1945. Demobilised in 1946, he returned to run the family business his father having died (aged 57) on 24 June 1943, when <mask> was in Sicily. Because of army commitments, <mask> was unable to attend the funeral. He remained in the Territorial Army reserve of officers until reaching the age limit for service on 10 May 1965, when he retired, retaining the honorary rank of major.On 21 September 1982 he was awarded the Territorial Decoration (TD) for his service. Marriages

<mask> married twice, during wartime to Margot Kempson in 1942 (divorced in 1948), and in 1951 to Margaret Roberts. Margot Kempson
On 28 March 1942, <mask> married Margaret Doris "Margot" Kempson, the daughter of a businessman, at St Mary's Church in Monken Hadley. They met at an officers' dance at Grosvenor House the year before. Although initially very happy, <mask> and his first wife never lived together. Their married life became confined to snatched weekends and irregular leaves as <mask> was often abroad during the war. When <mask> returned to England after being demobilised in 1946, his wife told him she had met someone else and wanted a divorce.<mask> was so traumatised by the event that he completely refused to talk about his first marriage or the separation, even to his daughter, as she states in her 1996 biography of him. <mask>'s

masks: Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher


title: Denis Thatcher

texts:
 two children found out about his first marriage only in 1976, by which time their mother was Leader of the Opposition, and only when the media revealed it. <mask>

In February 1949, at a Paint Trades Federation function in Dartford, he met Margaret Hilda Roberts, a chemist and newly-selected parliamentary candidate. When she met <mask> for the first time she described him as "not a very attractive creature" and "very reserved but quite nice". They married on 13 December 1951, at Wesley's Chapel in City Road, London; the Robertses were Methodists. <mask> was elected Leader of the Conservative Party in 1975 and went on to win the 1979 general election to become the first female prime minister in British history. <mask> became the first husband of a British prime minister.In 1953, they had twin children (Carol and Mark), who were born on 15 August at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, seven weeks premature. <mask> was watching the deciding Test of the 1953 Ashes series at the time of the twins' birth. Not long after the 1964 general election, <mask> suffered a nervous breakdown which put a severe strain on his marriage. The breakdown was probably caused by the increasing pressure of running the family business, caring for his relatives, and his wife's preoccupation with her political career, which left him lonely and exhausted. <mask> sailed to South Africa and stayed there for two months to recuperate. His wife's biographer David Cannadine described it as "the greatest crisis of their marriage", but immediately after, he recovered and returned home, he maintained a happy marriage for the rest of his life. This second marriage for <mask> led to the future prime minister being sometimes referred to as "Mrs <mask>" in such sources as selection minutes, travel itineraries, and society publications such as Queen, even after her election as a Member of Parliament.As Margaret's political career progressed, she preferred to be known only as "Mrs <mask>".

masks:
Margaret Thatcher
Denis
Margaret Thatcher
Denis
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Denis Thatcher
Thatcher


title: Denis Thatcher

texts:
 According to John Campbell, a biographer of his wife, "their marriage was more a partnership of mutual convenience than a romance", quoting their daughter Carol in her biography of <mask>:

Business career

<mask> was already a wealthy man when he met Margaret and financed her training as a barrister, and a home in Chelsea, London; he also bought a large house in Lamberhurst, Kent, in 1965. His firm employed 200 people by 1957. <mask> became managing director of his family's firm Atlas in 1947 and chairman in 1951, and led its overseas expansion. By the early 1960s he found being in sole control of the family company difficult; this, his wife's political career, and their desire for financial security caused <mask> to sell Atlas to Castrol in 1965 for £530,000 (£ today). He continued to run Atlas and received a seat on Castrol's board; after Burmah Oil took over Castrol in 1966, <mask> became a senior divisional director, managing the planning and control department. He retired from Burmah in June 1975, four months after his wife won the Conservative Party leadership election.In addition to being a director of Burmah Oil, <mask> Hazell from 1968 to 1998, and a consultant to AMEC and CSX. He was also a non-executive director of retail giant Halfords during the 1980s. His wife's biographer Robin Harris concludes:

Public life and perceptions

<mask> refused press interviews and made only brief speeches. When he did speak to the press, he called his wife "The Boss". Margeret <mask> often acknowledged her husband's support. In her autobiography, she wrote: "I could never have been Prime Minister for more than 11 years without <mask> by my side." <mask> saw his role as helping her survive the stress of the job, which he urged her to resign on the tenth anniversary of her becoming prime minister in 1989, sensing that otherwise she would be forced out.In an interview with The Times in October 1970, <mask> said: "I don't pretend that I'm anything but an honest-to-God

masks: Denis Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcherton Thatcher Thatcher Denis Thatcher Thatcher


title: Denis Thatcher

texts: right-wingerthose are my views and I don't care who knows 'em." His public image was shaped by the satirical "Dear Bill" columns appearing since 1979 in Private Eye, which portrayed him as a "juniper-sozzled, rightwing, golf-obsessed halfwit", and <mask> found it useful to play along with this image to avoid allegations of unduly influencing his wife in political matters. Given his professional background, <mask> served as an advisor on financial matters, warning Margaret about the poor condition of British Leyland after reviewing its books. He often insisted that she avoid overwork, to little avail, sometimes pleading, "Bed, woman!" They otherwise usually kept their careers separate; an exception was when <mask> accompanied his wife on a 1967 visit to the United States sponsored by the International Visitor Leadership Program. <mask> was consistent in his strong opposition to the death penalty, calling it "absolutely awful" and "barbaric", as well as saying that he was against because of innocent people being wrongly hanged and because juries could also be afraid to convict for fear of making a mistake. Like his wife, <mask> was consistently anti-socialist.He told his daughter in 1995 that he would have banned trade unions altogether in Britain. He had low regard for the BBC, thinking it was biased against his wife and her government, as well as unpatriotic. In his most famous outburst about the corporation, he claimed his wife had been "stitched up by bloody BBC poofs and Trots" when she was questioned by a member of the public about the sinking of the  on Nationwide in 1983. <mask> was reported by New Zealand (NZ) broadcaster and former diplomat Chris Laidlaw—at the time NZ High Commissioner to Zimbabwe—as leaning towards him during a Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, asking "So, what do you think the fuzzy wuzzies are up to?" In December 1990, following the resignation of his wife as prime minister, it was announced that <mask> would be created a baronet

masks: Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher


title: Denis Thatcher

texts:
 (the first such creation since 1964). The award was gazetted in February 1991, giving his title as Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet, of Scotney in the County of Kent. Thus his wife was entitled to style herself <mask>, while retaining her seat in the House of Commons; however she made it known that she preferred to remain addressed as "Mrs <mask>", and would not use the style.She was created a life peeress as Baroness <mask> (Lady <mask> in her own right) shortly after she retired from the Commons in 1992. In July 1991, <mask> was created a Commander of the Order of St John; his wife was also made a Dame of the order. <mask>'s baronetcy was a hereditary title that was to be inherited by his son on his death. The first British baronetage to be granted since 1964, there have been no baronetages created thereafter. Illness and death

In the autumn of 1992, <mask> was diagnosed with prostate cancer but it was caught early. He responded well to treatment. On 17 January 2003, <mask> underwent a six-hour heart-bypass operation and aortic valve operation at a Harley Street clinic.He had complained of breathlessness for several weeks before Christmas 2002, and the problem was diagnosed in early January. He left the clinic on 28 January 2003, and after recuperation, appeared to have made a full recovery. <mask> returned home on 14 February and visited his son Mark in South Africa in April, but in early June, he again complained of breathlessness and listlessness. Lady <mask>'s staff also thought he also looked unwell, and on 13 June he was admitted to the Royal Brompton Hospital for further tests. Nothing wrong was found with his heart but terminal pancreatic cancer was diagnosed, along with fluid in his lungs. He was told nothing could be done for him, and after seven days there, on 20 June he was transferred to the Lister Hospital. He lost consciousness on 24 June and never regained it.He died on the morning of 26 June. His funeral service took place on 3 July 2003, at the chapel of

masks:
Denis Thatcher
Lady Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher