title: Abel Pintos

texts:
 Argentinian Society of Authors and Songwriters (SADAIC). Rise to prominence, Todos los días un poco and Cosas del corazón (1998–2003)
On March 1, 1998, he performed at Buenos Aires Vivo II, a show organised by the Buenos Aires city government, where he shared the stage with León Gieco to perform "Cuando llegue el alba" and "Para cantar he nacido". Following the success of his debut album, Pintos turned to creating a second album: Todos los días un poco (A Little Bit Everyday), in which he was to infuse classic songs by popular performers with his own compositional style, with the aim of showcasing his own unique flair and vocal characteristics. The album was released in March 1999, under the executive production of Pity Iñurrigarro, Luis Gurevich and Roly Hernández. Notable songs from this album included: Haracio Guarany's "Cuando nadie te nombre" (When Nobody Mentions You), Atahualpa Yupanqui's "La tucumanita" (The Girl From Tucuman), Cuti Carabajal's "La Sacha Pera", Eduardo Falú's "Tonada del viejo amor" (Melody Of Old Love), León Gieco's "Todos los días un poco" (A Little Bit Everyday) and a humorous take on a traditional Argentine folk dance by Horacio Fontova called "Que viva la chacarera" (Long Live The Chacarera).The leading single, "Ojos de cielo" (Eyes of the Heavens) by Víctor Heredia, was recorded with the Kennedy Chorus of Buenos Aires. Alongside him in concert and in the recording studio were his brother <mask> (lead guitar and post-production), his father Raúl <mask> (percussion), Diego Simonovich (backing guitar and post-production), Edgardo Peralta (rhythm guitar and charango) and Waldo Graff (keyboard). In the summer of 2000, <mask> performed in several prestigious festivals around Argentina, including the 2000 Cosquín Festival and the Jesús María Festival in the province of

masks:
Ariel Pintos
Pintos
Abel Pintos


title: Abel Pintos

type: original

texts:
 Córdoba. He released Cosas del corazón (Things of the Heart) on December 19, 2001, which was made possible by collaboration with musicians such as Domingo Cura and the Bandoneon player Carlos Buono. The record was produced by Martín Carrizo, and was recorded in Palermo, Buenos Aires. Although Cosas del corazón was released with a tight commercial strategy, it did not achieve the success that <mask> has hoped for. The main reason for this was that it was released two days before the economic crash and riots of December 2001.<mask> deemed it to be one of his best records, being a "hinge between the vibes of previous albums". It was the first album which drew together influences from Central American music, and Argentinian folk and rock music. From Cosas del corazón onwards, <mask> started to develop a unique, eclectic musical style which would consolidate in later albums. Sentidos and Sueño Dorado (2003–2013)

By the end of 2003, after a hiatus, <mask> returned to the studio to record his own songs and exhibit his development as an artist in his own right. From April 2005, pianist Alfredo "Fredy" Hernández joined his touring and recording band line-up. 2004 saw <mask> release Sentidos (Meanings), something of a new start for Pintos, given that it was the first album he had recorded in three years. After a dip in record sales, Sentidos was the first album to be released with a major record label, Sony BMG.In February 2004 he performed in the Viña del Mar International Song Festival, competing in the Festival's folk section with the song "Bailando con tu sombra (Alelí)" (Dancing With Your Shadow), written by Víctor Heredia. The performance earned him the ceremony's "Gaviotas de Plata" (Silver Seagull) award, the top award of competition – one for the Winning Song and another for the Best Performer.

masks:
Pintos
Abel Pintos
Pintos
Abel Pintos
Pintos


title: Abel Pintos

texts:
 <mask>' 2005 album Reflejo real (Real Reflection) marked a move in his career towards a more sophisticated and personal compositional style. The album drew upon the creative development of his two previous albums Cosas del corazón and Sentidos. On July 10, 2012, <mask> released Sueño Dorado (Golden Dream), a CD/DVD Greatest Hits compilation featuring songs from across the 15 years of his career. In less than one week, Sueño Dorado was awarded Gold status, and after seven months attained Double Platinum status. The first single from the album was "Cactus", a cover of a song of the same name by Gustavo Cerati, released on June 19.The DVD was recorded live in Quilmes, a village of ancient Native American ruins in Tucumán province between May 8–10, 2012. A few days beforehand, the Spanish band La oreja de Van Gogh recorded their own DVD Cometas por el Cielo – En directo desdo América, with <mask> in the audience while having his final rehearsals. The line-up in Pintos' performance was a selection of songs taken from distinct moments throughout his career as a songwriter and performer, in which he combined acoustic, folk and electronic soundscapes. The concert took place at dawn, as the sun began to light up the landscape. The technical recording team was made up of over fifty people, and the production went ahead with the permission of the local indigenous communities. ABEL (2013–present)
The 2013 album ABEL met with positive reception from critics and fans alike. The first single from the album, "Aquí te espero" (I'm Waiting For You Here), was released on October 9, 2013, and became Triple-Platinum in less than a month from its initial release.On the reason for giving the album his first name, Pintos commented:
"I've brought in music beyond any specific genres; I've brought in songs that touch upon

masks:
Pintos
Pintos
Abel Pintos


title: Sonia Deol

texts:
<mask> is an English radio and television presenter of Indian descent. <mask>'s media career began before she left school, when at the age of 14 she presented a oneoff programme to raise money for Comic Relief on the BBC Local Radio station, BBC WM. She graduated from the University of Hertfordshire in 1994 with a BA (Honours) in Humanities. Career

Early career
In 1994, after university <mask> joined Sunrise Radio. In 2000, she was a presenter and newsreader for BBC London. Afterwards she went on Asian network Radio XL presenting their mid-morning show, the first ever phonein show dedicated to the Asian Community in the Midlands. BBC Asian Network: <mask> Show (October 2002April 2006)
In 2002, <mask> returned to the BBC Asian Network, when it was relaunched from a regional Midlands based radio station, to a national, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) station, presenting the <mask> Show.The show was broadcast live on weekdays from 9.00am to 12.00 noon featuring a phone-in and discussion on news, current affairs and matters generally interspersed with music notably Bhangra. On 26 September 2003 she interviewed Indian film director Kaizad Gustad about his 2003 Bollywood film, Boom. On 6 October 2003, she was the co-host, with then Director-General of the BBC, Greg Dyke, of the BBC local radio's Frank Gillard Awards ceremony held at the National Museum of Photography, Film and Television (now renamed the National Media Museum) in Bradford. In an interview with The Independent newspaper in May 2006, <mask> would state that co-hosting the awards with Dyke was one of the proudest achievements in her working life. Her show won a bronze award in the Interactive Category of the 2003 Sony Radio Academy Awards. In May 2005 she presented her show live from a temporary "mini radio station" at the St Paul's Way Community School in Tower Hamlets, London as part of a series of broadcasts from the school to celebrate the first visit to Britain of the Bangladesh national cricket team. On 2 September she presented her show live from Paris, France, one year on from the ban on wearing headscarves and

masks:
Sonia Deol
Background Deol
Deol
Sonia Deol
Deol
Sonia Deol
Deol


title: Sonia Deol

texts:
 religious symbols in French public schools, often known as the French headscarf ban, looking at the impact the ban had on the Asian community in France and whether the wearing of religious symbols should be banned in British schools.BBC Asian Network: <mask> on the BBC Asian Network Show (April 2006February 2008)
In January 2006, the BBC announced major programme changes for the revamp of the Asian Network which took place the following April. <mask> was moved from the mid-morning slot to the breakfast slot,
and from 24 April she was the presenter of <mask> on the BBC Asian Network which was moved back to the 6am to 9am weekday slot replacing the Breakfast Show, with Anita Rani taking over the mid-morning slot, having previously filled in on the programme. <mask>'s new show focused on news, music and entertainment and did not have a regular phone-in. On the BBC Asian Network her mission has been to broaden the appeal of the network and encourage listeners from backgrounds other than South Asian while maintaining a service to the core audience. On her programme she has talked to all the main British political party leaders and many other leading figures from politics, media, films, music and other areas from around the world. On 18 November, she was nominated in the Best UK Asian Radio Show category in the annual UK Asian Music Awards which was held at the Hammersmith Palais in London on 6 December. She won the Asian Achievers Media Award for 2006.On 24 November 2006, she conducted an exclusive interview for her show, which was later repeated on BBC Radio 4's Today Programme, with long term prisoner in Pakistan, Mirza Tahir Hussain, from Leeds, who had been released from prison after his death sentence had been commuted to life imprisonment by Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf after many years in which Hussain had been found innocent twice and found guilty by different courts and sentenced to death by hanging numerous times. <mask> spoke with him on his return to the UK. <mask> hosted a special Asian Network Report - Big Brother special debate, broadcast live from the

masks:
Sonia Deol
Deol
Sonia Deol
Deol
Deol
Deol


title: Sonia Deol

texts:
 University of East London following on from the Celebrity Big Brother racism controversy. As part of the 2007 Diwali celebrations on 9 November, <mask> presented a Diwali special on her morning show, which included her talking with British R&B singer, Jay Sean in the studio about his Diwali plans. These included a visit to a KFC and taking a train from Clapham Junction to Victoria, and then back again to Clapham Junction, while talking for the entire time on a mobile telephone. Other work (February 2008April 2009)
She was a roving reporter on The Heaven and Earth Show on BBC One interviewing the likes of Olivia Newton-John former Labour Member of Parliament, Clare Short. In September 2007 she began as working as a co-presenter on its successor The Big Questions, a Sunday morning debate show, presented by Nicky Campbell, also on BBC One.She then appeared as an occasional presenter on BBC Breakfast at the weekend. She has also presented the West Midlands regional opt-out for The Politics Show each Sunday on BBC One. Return to Asian Network (June 2008March 2012)
<mask> returned to the Asian Network January 2010 when she became the presenter of the 10am to 12:30pm 'morning' show. On Sunday 24 January 2010, <mask> presented the BBC 1 documentary, 1984: A Sikh Story  where she embarked on a personal journey to unravel the events of 1984, an iconic year for the Sikhs. In March 2012, <mask> broadcast her final show on the BBC Asian Network  to pursue a personal life in Canada. Global BC (November 2015present)
On 26 November 2015 it was announced that <mask> had joined CHAN-DT (Global BC) as a co-presenter of the station's regional morning news program, alongside Steve Darling. Previously, she worked occasionally for the CBC in Vancouver as a TV host.She now works at Global BC as weekend news anchor and reporter. References

External links

 Radio XL website

1973 births
Living people
English radio presenters
English television presenters
English Sikhs
English people of Indian descent
BBC Asian Network presenters
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
Alumni of the University of

masks: Deol Deol Deol Deol Deol


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts:
<mask><mask> (May 25, 1834 – January 17, 1903) was a surgeon during the Civil War before he settled in Colorado, where he was considered to be "one of the most prominent physicians", according to a San Francisco Chronicle obituary. In the late 1870s, he and the Denver Medical Association created the public health system for Denver, Colorado to improve the health of its citizens. In 1876, <mask> was the first president of Colorado's State Board of Health. He became Colorado Medical Society president in 1880. <mask> was a founder and professor of the University of Denver and Colorado Seminary Medical Department in 1881. <mask> advocated for public health measures to prevent the spread of communicable diseases and licensing prostitutes to reduce the prevalence of syphilis. He was concerned about the public health issues due to a lack of sewage systems, regulation of the distance between outhouses and wells, disposal of human and animal refuse in the streets and rivers, and the extent to which animals roamed through Denver city streets.It was not until a major flood in 1878 triggered an epidemic that construction of the city's sewer system began. <mask>, who believed in the importance of pasteurized milk, operated a dairy farm in the Bancroft community, which became part of Lakewood in 1969. He wrote about climatology and how certain diseases were affected by climate, which garnered national attention. He was a founder and first president of the State Historical and National History Society of Colorado, now called History Colorado. Colorado's Mount Bancroft is named for him. Early years
<mask> was born on May 25, 1834 in Enfield, Connecticut. His mother was a member of the Oliver Wolcott family and

masks:
Frederick J
. Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts:
 his father was a farmer.<mask> descended from early New England settlers, the earliest arriving in 1660 to East Windsor, Connecticut. His father's family, the Heaths and <mask>s, were Puritans who settled in Connecticut. His mother descended from the Bissells and Walcotts from the region. Education
He studied at the Westfield Academy in Massachusetts and Charlotteville Seminary in New York before studying medicine at the University at Buffalo, graduating in February 1861. <mask> funded his education by himself by teaching school in New York and Connecticut. After the end of the war, <mask> attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania until mid-1866 when he moved to Denver. Civil War

<mask> established a medical practice in Blakely, Pennsylvania (then in Luzerne County) for seven months before he secured an early post for an army military surgeon with the Pennsylvania Volunteers in November 1861.He was a surgeon for the Union Army during the Civil War, serving as officer in charge of Harrisburg's Church Hospital. <mask> had a number of assignments from the spring of 1862, when the regiments left the camp, until the following springs when he outfitted a hospital at Fort Delaware for confederate prisoners. He became Post Surgeon for Fortress Monroe, Virginia from June 1863 to December 1865. While there <mask> was assigned to review operations of all nearby hospitals by the Secretary of War. He treated <mask> until the Confederate President learned that he was from New England. Thereafter, he was treated by a physician who supported the southern cause. Career

Private and public practice

He came to Colorado on June 1, 1866, and set up a medical practice in Denver.At that time,

masks:
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Jefferson Davis


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts:
 Denver had only been a city for seven years. <mask>, considered to be "one of the most prominent physicians" in Colorado by the obituary reported by the San Francisco Chronicle, was, for several decades, the "default physician-in-charge" for the city. From 1866 to 1869, he was the Arapahoe County physician. He was a physician in the city of Denver between 1872 and 1878, during which time, the dry climate and a widespread vaccination campaign of Denver citizens significantly reduced the threat of smallpox in the 1870s. Because children were sent to school when they were ill, there was a problem with typhoid fever, whooping cough, and scarlet fever in the 1870s. <mask> advocated fining parents who sent their sick children to school. He was one of two physicians on the staff of St. Vincent Hospital, which became Saint Joseph Hospital in 1876.From 1872 to 1876, he was the president of East Denver's Board of Education. <mask> was one of the founders of St. Luke's Hospital and was on the staff until a few years before he died. His private practice clients included Denver & Rio Grande Railroad, Kansas Pacific and Denver Pacific Railroads, Union Pacific, Denver and Gulf Railway, and the Wells, Fargo and Company Stage Lines. He became National Association of Railway Surgeons vice president. Public health
In the late 1870s, he and the Denver Medical Association created the public health system for Denver, Colorado to improve the health of its citizens. A key public health risk was the spread of syphilis. <mask> estimated in 1872 that due to the prevalence of prostitution, "probably every third man who reaches the age of twenty-five has acquired ... syphilis" from the brothels in the city.<mask>, with the

masks: Bancroft Bancroft Bancroft Bancroft Bancroft


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts: Denver Medical Association, advocated licensing, stipulation of allowed services, and testing and examinations of the city's prostitutes. The proposed program was to be managed by physicians and police. The city decided instead to outlaw prostitution and fine prostitutes. In 1875, the Denver Medical Association's physicians decided that management of prostitutes was a solely a police matter. Bancroft continued to advocate a licensing system, as well as making abortion an attempted murder crime. Denver, though, was not ready to relinquish its "sex-drugs-and-gambling lifestyle" from the gold rush days. In the 1870s, tuberculosis became more prevalent in the city.<mask> noted in a March 1873 report to the city council that, of tuberculosis deaths that he reported, 75 of 79 were ill before they sought treatment in Colorado. He had also noted in the 1870s that Denver's citizens had injuries or illnesses due to livestock being driven through and penned on the city streets, sewage and other debris on the city streets, and outhouses placed too close to wells. He stated in a couple of annual reports that the contamination is a significant public health issue and could result in a typhus and tuberculosis epidemic, he cautioned the city council. Although there were earlier attempts, it was not until 1880 that Denver began construction of a sewer system. In 1876, he was elected president of the Denver Medical Association. He was a member of the American Medical Association. <mask> was elected president of the Colorado State Medical Society in 1880.The following year he helped found the University of Denver and Colorado Seminary Medical Department. His name was linked in the 20th century with Dr. Florence

masks: Bancroft Bancroft


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts:
 R. Sabin as "creators of the humanitarian healthcare tradition" in Colorado. State Board of Health
In 1876, he was the first president of Colorado's State Board of Health, which was then called the Territorial Board of Health. The board was created when Governor <mask>. Routt signed legislation into law creating the nine-member board to investigate public health issues and recommend resolutions. It had an annual budget of $500,000. The Colorado State Board of Health was established on March 22, 1877, with <mask> as its president. It had limited responsibility, such as gathering statistics about sewage disposal and water supply.<mask> also advocated for research into what altitudes were best suited for children's development mentally and physically. Because of their limited role in advocated public health issues, members resigned and waited until the end of their terms to leave their posts. There were no members and the board failed to exist on June 1, 1886. Author
<mask> wrote about climatology, specifically how certain diseases were affected by climate, which garnered national attention. He discussed the healthful benefits of recuperating in the state, which is "said to have been responsible for more people moving to Colorado than any other single factor." Other
<mask>, who believed in the importance of pasteurized milk, operated an 800-acre dairy farm about 5 miles southwest of Denver in the Bancroft community, which became part of Lakewood in 1969. Lambert Dairy was located near the intersection of Morrison Road and Harlan Road.The sanitized milk that was produced at Lambert Dairy was supplied to St. Lukes Hospital, where many of his patients were victims of diphtheria and typhoid. <mask>

masks:
John L
Frederick Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts:
 believed that there was a connection between their illness and the ingestion of unpasteurized milk. Some of the farm land was donated by his son, <mask>, for the construction of a one-room school that was named "Bancroft School". The <mask>s also donated land in the area for Midway School. Herndon Davis made a painting of the farmhouse in 1941; it is displayed in the Western History section of the Denver Public Library. <mask> was a founder and president of Agricultural ditch beginning in 1875. It was an important irrigation canal for the Denver region.After having played a key role in 1868 in the development of Denver's Grand Army post, <mask> became department commander for Colorado and Wyoming. He was Denver's pension examiner. <mask> helped to improve the Denver schools and from 1872 to 1876, he was president of East Denver schools. He assisted in the administration of Jarvis Hall, founded by his wife's father, and the Episcopalian girls' school, Wolfe Hall. Colorado Historical Society
In 1879 he was co-founder and first president of the Colorado Historical Society, originally called the State Historical and National History Society of Colorado. He served as president for 17 years. <mask> was a member of the American Historical Association and the Sons of the American Revolution.Personal life
<mask> married Mary Caroline <mask>, daughter of George A<mask> of Brooklyn, New York, in 1871. In 1869, she came to Denver from Brooklyn, traveling on train and stage coach with Bishop George M. Randall and his wife, to cure her tuberculosis. (George A<mask> had read an article in a Connecticut paper about <mask>'s view of the curative qualities of the Colorado climate.) Her granddaughter, <mask>,

masks:
George Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Bancroft
Jarvis
. Jarvis
. Jarvis
Bancroft
Caroline Bancroft


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts:
 tells that her grandmother was quite ill when she exited the train in Denver and "fell... into the arms" of her future husband. For one year she lived with Bishop Randall and his wife and was then married to <mask>. Mary Caroline, an Episcopalian, was involved in important works within the Denver community and played a leadership role in the St. John in the Wilderness church efforts. She authored the book A Retrospective Sketch of the Fortnightly Club, 1881–1888.The <mask>s had four children: Mary McLean (1872–1949), <mask> (1873–1945), Anna Chloe (1875–1878), and <mask> (1880–1963). <mask> <mask> became a physician. <mask>'s granddaughter, <mask>, was a journalist and author of Colorado history. The family lived on Capitol Hill on Grant Street, "the Avenue of Kings". Their street address was 1775 Grant Street. <mask> had two working ranches and a summer home on 2,400 acres between Kittredge and Evergreen. In 1923, the buildings were donated to the Evergreen Conference Historic District.Charles Partridge Adams, who visited the ranch, made a painting in 1897 of the house and ranch for the family. Death
Mary Caroline died in 1899 soon after the marriage of her son George. <mask> died in 1903. A few years after he retired, <mask> died of heart failure in San Diego, California on January 17, 1903. His remains were buried in Denver, Colorado. The Walsenburg World said of him, "Dr. <mask> was prominent In his profession and foremost as a citizen, and iad been identified with the best in the city's progress for almost forty years." <mask>
Mount Bancroft, a  peak in Grand and Clear Creek counties, is named for him.Noted for his work in public health and the state's history, the summit was named for the

masks:
Frederick
Bancroft
George Jarvis
Frederick Wolcott
Frederick Wolcott
Bancroft
Bancroft
Caroline Bancroft
Bancroft
Frederick
Bancroft
Bancroft
Mount Bancroft


title: Frederick J. Bancroft

texts:
 doctor, at the request of his son, <mask> <mask> (1873–1945). The decision by the United States Geological Survey to name the summit Mount Bancroft was made on March 7, 1906. It is located west of the town of Empire, within a group of summits including Mount Flora, Mount Eva, Parry Peak, James Peak, and Colorado Mines Peak. Below the summit is Lake Caroline, named for his granddaughter, <mask>. See also
 Dr. <mask> Williams Douglas, one of the state's first female doctors and owner and operator of a Denver sanitarium
 Frances Wisebart <mask>, advocate for tuberculosis healthcare and founder of Denver's Jewish Hospital

Notes

References

Further reading

1834 births
1903 deaths
Physicians from Colorado
Union Army surgeons
American surgeons
People from Enfield, Connecticut
University at Buffalo alumni
American public health doctors
Historians from

masks:
George Jarvis
Bancroft
Caroline Bancroft
Josepha
Jacobs


title: Gideon Koren

texts: <mask>, FACMT, FRCP(C) (; born August 27, 1947 in Tel Aviv,  Israel) is an Israeli-Canadian pediatrician, clinical pharmacologist, toxicologist, and a composer of Israeli folk music. He was a doctor at the Hospital for Sick Children and a professor at the University of Toronto. In 1985, <mask> founded the Motherisk Program in Toronto, which was later shut down amid controversy. Furthermore, multiple scientific papers authored by Koren have been subject to concerns regarding academic and research misconduct, leading to the retraction of five research articles and editorial expression of concerns on multiple others. <mask> currently has relinquished his licence to practice medicine due to an ongoing investigation into whether he committed “professional misconduct or was incompetent” while he was in charge of the Hospital for Sick Children’s Motherisk laboratory. <mask> is perhaps best known for multiple scientific and public scandals. He was at the centre of the Motherisk scandal which has thrown into doubt the findings of 16,000 child protection cases and six criminal cases.An independent review found that neither the laboratory's director, clinical toxicologist <mask>, nor his staff, had the qualifications or expertise to do the kind of forensic work that was performed. Even before this scandal came to light, Koren was officially reprimanded by the Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons for writing harassing anonymous letters to Nancy Olivieri and three other colleagues, about which he then lied repeatedly to conceal his responsibility. On December 16, 2018, an investigative article in The Toronto Star uncovered a series of problems in the research papers authored by Koren, including that some papers "[were]

masks:
Gideon Koren
Koren
Koren
Koren
Gideon Koren


title: Gideon Koren

texts:
 inadequately peer-reviewed, fail to declare, perhaps even obscure, conflicts of interest and, in a handful of cases, contain lies about the methodology", leading to the retraction of five research articles and editorial expression of concerns on multiple others. Biography

Early life and academic background
Born in 1947 in Tel Aviv in the British Mandate of Palestine, prior to the establishment of the State of Israel, <mask> was raised in the neighbouring town of Kiryat Ono. His father was the chief engineer of Reading Power Station of the Israel Electric Corporation. <mask> received his Doctor of Medicine from the Sackler School of Medicine at Tel Aviv University in 1973. After a period of military service, he pursued postgraduate clinical studies in pediatrics and pediatric nephrology, and research training in pediatric toxicology and pharmacology and membrane biology at the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto.He joined the staff of the university and hospital, ultimately attaining the rank of professor. He later received the endowed Ivey Chair in Molecular Toxicology at the Schulich School of Medicine at The University of Western Ontario. At UWO, he participated in the establishment of a national program in human toxicology, in parallel with his continuing work at the University of Toronto and the Hospital for Sick Children. Arts background
In parallel to his academic career, <mask> is an established composer and author. In 1971, while studying medicine at TAU, <mask> "Gidi" <mask> founded the Israeli musical group, The Brothers & the Sisters (ha'achim veha'achayot), which features an Israeli folk/country style. The band performed many of Koren's songs and musical plays for children. In

masks: Koren Koren Koren Gideon Koren


title: Gideon Koren

texts:
 1974, in collaboration with Israeli performer Shlomo Artzi, Koren composed a record album based on his grandmother Keri's story, A Journey to Noteland.A musical based on the book and CD of A Journey to Noteland had its stage debut in Israel in 2008 and continues to be performed. In 1992 <mask> founded the Bear Theatre at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. In July 2007 the theatre celebrated 15 years and 750 shows. In 2005, The Brothers & The Sisters toured North America following the publication of a commemorative Hebrew-English book of the Israeli poet Natan Yonatan’s poetry, accompanied by a CD of his songs, set to music by Koren and performed by the band. The Brothers and the Sisters continue to perform throughout Israel in programs featuring <mask>'s songs, many of which were written to the words of Israeli poets, including Yehudah Amichai, Leah Goldberg, Rachel, Amir Gilboa, and Ze’ev Jabotinsky. Professional career
In 1985, <mask> founded The Hospital for Sick Children's Motherisk Program in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which he directed until his retirement in June 2015. The program has since been shut down amid controversy.Publications
Koren has published 15 medical books, among them:
 Retinoids in Clinical Practice: The Risk-Benefit Ratio (Medical Toxicology). New York: M. Dekker, 1993. ()
 The Children of Neverland: The Silent Human Disaster. Toronto: Kid in Us, 1997. ()
 The Complete Guide to Everyday Risks in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding: Answers to Your Questions About Morning Sickness, Medications, Herbs, Diseases, Chemical Exposures & More. Toronto: R. Rose, 2004. ()
 Medication Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding.New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division, 2007. ()
 Medication Safety in

masks: Koren Koren Koren


title: Gideon Koren

texts:
 Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The Evidence-Based, A to Z Clinician's Pocket Guide. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2007. ()

Deferiprone controversy

In 1996, a controversy erupted with regard to the safety and effectiveness of deferiprone. Koren believed the drug was effective for certain patients. Nancy Olivieri of Toronto believed the drug was unsafe and ineffective. Following the initial controversy surrounding this drug trial in Toronto, Koren sent five anonymous harassing letters to colleagues and later denied having done so.Two independent inquiries by the CAUT and CPSO found that <mask> had lied about sending the anonymous letters and only admitted guilt when confronted with DNA evidence against him. Both also found academic misconduct with respect to the way in which <mask> published the research article cited above on the safety and effectiveness of deferiprone. CAUT accepted "the parties’ submissions that this misconduct should not be represented as fraudulent" and further remarked that "It was the behaviour that preceded the research misconduct that the Committee found most unsettling." A later study reported no evidence that long-term therapy with deferiprone caused progression of hepatic fibrosis. Cumulative worldwide experience has confirmed <mask>'s position on deferiprone, indicating that deferiprone is safe and effective for some patients. As a direct result of Olivieri's public media campaign, approval for the medication was stalled, meaning that North American children continued to be denied a medication which had since been approved around the world in dozens of countries and could be the only hope for survival for some children. <mask> was officially reprimanded by the Ontario College of

masks: Koren Koren Koren Koren


title: Gideon Koren

texts:
 Physicians and Surgeons for writing harassing anonymous letters to Nancy Olivieri and three other colleagues, about which he then lied repeatedly to conceal his responsibility.The Ontario College of Physicians and Surgeons also cited him for additional misconduct in research. Scientific misconduct
On December 16, 2018, an investigative article in The Toronto Star reported apparent problems in more than 400 papers coauthored by Koren, including that the papers "[were] inadequately peer-reviewed, fail to declare, perhaps even obscure, conflicts of interest and, in a handful of cases, contain lies about the methodology.” In 2019 <mask> threatened a defamation lawsuit against the editor of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for retracting one of Koren's papers. In February 2019, <mask> agreed to relinquish his licence to practice medicine in Ontario in the face of an investigation by the College of Physicians and Surgeons into whether he committed “professional misconduct or was incompetent” while he was in charge of the Hospital for Sick Children’s Motherisk laboratory. He also agreed never to re-apply for a medical licence in the province. As of 2021, Koren has had five of his research publications retracted, three others have received an expression of concern, and four others have been corrected. See also
 List of scientific misconduct incidents

References

External links

1947 births
Living people
Canadian medical researchers
Canadian toxicologists
Canadian pediatricians
Canadian pharmacologists
Israeli songwriters
Israeli emigrants to Canada
Jewish Canadian musicians
Jewish Canadian writers
Jewish songwriters
Jews in Mandatory Palestine
People from Tel Aviv
University of Toronto faculty
University of Western

masks: Koren Koren


title: Doug Crawford

texts:
<mask> (<mask>) <mask> is a Canadian neuroscientist and the scientific director of the Vision: Science to Applications(VISTA) program. He is a professor at York University where he holds the Canada Research Chair in Visuomotor Neuroscience and the title of Distinguished Research Professor in Neuroscience. Biography

<mask> grew up in London Ontario, where he attended the University of Western Ontario. He completed his BSc in Physiology & Psychology in 1987, studying electrophysiology with Stanley Caveney and Gordon Mogenson. He then studied three-dimensional eye movements with Tutis Vilis at Western, where he held a Medical Research Council (MRC) Studentship (1989-1992) and earned his PhD in Physiology in 1993. Following that, he spent two years (1993-1994) studying head-unrestrained gaze control as an MRC post-doctoral fellow with Daniel Guitton at the Montreal Neurological Institute. in 1995 he joined York University's Department of Psychology and York Centre for Vision Research in Toronto as an assistant professor, later attaining cross appointments to the department of Biology, School of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, and the Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program.During this period he held a MRC Faculty Scholarship (1996-2001), Tier II Canada Research Chair (2001-2007) and Tier I Canada Research Chair (2007-2021). He became an Associate Professor in 1999, Full Professor in 2005, and Distinguished Research Professor in 2013. <mask> was the founding National Coordinator of the Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), the founding Canadian director of the Brain in Action International Research Training Program, and the founding coordinator of the York Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program. He founded York's neurophysiology laboratories, was a founding member of Melvyn A. Goodale's CIHR Group for Action and Perception  and founding co-principal investigator for the CIHR Strategic Training Program in Vision Health Research. He Founded the VSS Canadian Vision Social and is a member of the Canadian Brain Research Strategy Neuroscience Leaders Group. He is currently the scientific director of Vision: Science to Applications(VISTA), a Canada

masks:
John Douglas
Doug
Crawford
Crawford
Leadership Crawford


title: Doug Crawford

texts:
 First Research Excellence Fund supported research program that integrates York University's biological and computational vision research. Training

<mask> has supervised over 60 graduate students and post-doctorals, many graduating to successful careers in academia, medicine, and industry.Among his noteworthy former trainees are Pieter Medendorp, Director of the Donders Centre for Cognition in Nijmegen, Julio Martinez-Trujillo, Provincial Endowed Academic Chair in Autism at Western University, Gunnar Blohm, Queens Professor and Founding Co-Director of the International Summer School in Computational Sensory-Motor Neuroscience and Neuromatch Academy, Aarlenne Khan, Canada Research Chair in Vision and Action at Université de Montréal, and Denise Henriques, York Professor and Director of the NSERC CREATE Brain in Action Program. For these activities <mask> received York University's 2003 Faculty of Graduate Studies Teaching Award and 2019 Post-Doctoral Supervisor of the Year Award. Research

<mask>'s research investigates the neural mechanisms of visuospatial memory and sensorimotor transformations for eye, head, and hand motion. Recurrent themes in his work include 1) the idea that early representations of movement goals are stored in visual coordinates, updated during self-motion, and then transformed into three-dimensional (3D) commands for different body parts, 2) the use of theory-driven, multimodal neuroscience techniques, and 3) the use of 3D measurements and analysis of eye and body orientation. Some noteworthy findings and discoveries by <mask> and co-workers include:
 the first recordings of 3D Vestibulo–ocular reflex axes and Listing's law during head rotation
 discovery of the midbrain neural integrators for holding vertical and torsional eye orientation and head orientation. the use of psychophysics and fMRI to show that human parietal lobe retains and updates saccade and reach goals in gaze-centered coordinates,
 the use of stimulation-evoked eye-head movements to show that the superior colliculus encodes gaze goals in retinal coordinates, whereas frontal cortex employs multiple coordinate frames
 the use of visual psychophysics and

masks: Crawford Crawford Crawford Crawford


title: Doug Crawford

texts:
 eye tracking to show that ocular dominance reverses for left and right visual stimuli, how Listing's law of two eyes interacts with stereopsis and that optimal integration theory can explain perisaccadic change blindness
 the use of fMRI and TMS to map saccade vs. reach function in human posterior parietal cortex
 the use of TMS  and neuroimaging  to show that frontal and parietal cortex are both involved in Transsaccadic memory of visual features. the discovery that remembered visual stimuli are continuously updated across the superior colliculus during smooth pursuit eye movements,
 the use of MEG and neurophysiological recordings to track visuomotor transformations within neural populations in real time.the use of computational modeling & psychophysics, neuroimaging, and neurophysiology to determine how allocentric and egocentric representations are stored and integrated for goal-directed action. <mask> and colleagues have also applied this research to understand the mechanisms behind visual and neurological disorders such as amblyopia, cervical dystonia and optic ataxia. Research Awards

<mask> has been listed amongst the world's top 2% researchers. In addition to the research fellowships, research chairs and teaching awards cited above, <mask> has received various research awards. He was awarded the Governor General's Academic Gold medal for his PhD work with Tutis Vilis. Since then, he has won various research prizes, including the 1995 Polanyi Prize in Physiology/Medicine, an Alfred P Sloan Fellowship, the 2000 Ontario Premier's Research Excellence Award, the 2002 CIFAR Young Explorer Award (awarded to the "top 20 young investigators in Canada"), the 2004 Steacie Prize (awarded to "a scientist or engineer of 40 years of age or less for outstanding scientific research carried out in Canada. "), the 2016 Canadian Physiological Society Sarrazin Award., and the 2018 York President's Research Excellence Award.References

Scientists from Ontario
York University faculty
Canadian neuroscientists
Living people
University of Western Ontario alumni
20th-century Canadian scientists
21st-century Canadian scientists
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Crawford Crawford Crawford


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts:
<mask>-<mask>'  (Persian: ) (1930 – April 2, 1993), known as <mask>, was an Afghan singer who was born in Kabul. He is known as the Frank Sinatra of Afghanistan and was the first Afghan artist to break away from the prevalent musical forms in Afghanistan at the time, the Indian inspired pure classical tradition (epitomized by Ustad Sarahang, <mask>), and the 'Mohali' (regional & folk) musical traditions exemplified by the Dari music, logari, qataghani, qarsak. <mask>'s music fused elements, rhythms and orchestration of the western musical traditions of Jazz and "Belle Chanson" with the prevalent Afghan musical tradition to create a unique style which became an inspiration for ensuing artists. Career
<mask> gained popularity due to his music style, which was highly unconventional for its time, but it went on to become the gold standard of Afghan musical style. <mask>'s popularity is mainly with the elite and educated classes in Afghanistan where appreciation of his music is considered the height of sophistication, learning, and elegance. <mask>'s path to art and his immortality was purely accidental. Being born in a highly educated and accomplished family, <mask> was the only male family members who had not gone to university.<mask>'s career in art began when the director and "father" of the Afghan National Theatre, Ustad <mask> Latifi overheard him hum a song in a hamaam (communal baths customary in Kabul at the time). Ustad Latifi, however, did not conceive of <mask> as a singer since singing, at that time in Afghanistan, was a profession chosen very early in life

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Rahim Sārbān
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Sarban


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts: and required years of work and training. Instead, Latifi asked <mask> to join his theatre as an actor, mainly due to his elegant & erudite elucidation and accent in Dari. <mask> accepted the offer to work as an actor because, according to him, he had no prospects of employment and of feeding his young family. While acting in the theatre, <mask> was rediscovered by the composers Nainawaz and Taranasaz for his extraordinary and evocative baritone voice. Without any training in voice or singing, <mask> was offered the opportunity to become a singer. His first recorded song was "Man Akher Az Ghamat Ay Mahro," and "Tu Aftabi Wo Man."The songs, played in Kabul Radio, generated a great degree of interest and enthusiasm among the public in <mask>'s voice. He had an acute ear for musical sound and a broad and profound understanding of Persian poetry. Because of his lack of training and background in the predominant musical traditions in Afghanistan, <mask> became the artist who has freed Afghan music from subservience to the Indian, Iranian, and folkloric musical traditions. In cooperation with composers <mask> managed to create a musical language that was unique to Afghanistan. Although his first few songs "Tu Aftabi wo man," and "Man akher az ghamat," were made strictly in the Indian classical model, his ensuing songs "Rahm kon ram kon," "Saqi dile ma," "ya maula dilam tang amada," "shod abro para para," and the hit songs, "Az bas ke nazanini," "Asare shikanje maujam," "Man nainawaz am," and "Harja ke safer karma," became models of a new sound that broke away from the

masks: Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts: traditional musical vocabulary in Afghanistan at the time. This new sound was made immortal by the creation of a slew of songs in later years (such as Ahesta Bero, Ay <mask>, Dar Damane Sahra, Khorsheede Man, Ay Shakhe Gul, Moshke Taza Mebarad, Dosh Az Masjid, Deshab ba khoda, Nameporsi Naame man, Sobhe Keshaare Maiwar, Take nabashad ham dame jani, Ta ba kai ay mah liqa, Een ghame be haya mara, haal ke deewana shodam merawi, Aye shake gul) which defined Afghan music (especially the Persian musical genre) for decades to come. Sarban sang in Dari as well as Pashto, possessing a comprehensive understanding of the Persian poetic tradition.Apart from his first few songs, <mask> chose the poems to his songs, based on his own personal knowledge of the Persian literary canon. During the early stages of his career, <mask> worked with many musicians and composers such as Nainawaz and Taranasaz. During the late stages of his career, he worked almost exclusively with the composer Salim Sarmast. <mask>'s songs are ranked among the highest in the Afghan musical repertoire. <mask>'s legacy permanently altered the Persian (Dari) musical tradition in Afghanistan. Almost every artist that came after him considered him their primary source of inspiration, and they ranked his musical repertoire as their main model of emulation. A national icon and celebrity in Afghanistan, <mask> is also widely admired in other Persian-speaking countries like Iran and Tajikistan, where he gave live performances at the height of his career.<mask>'s artistic greatness due to his eccentric and mysticist


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts:
 temperament, did not translate into financial prosperity. He was famed for refusing to do home (majlisi) shows for pay, and for giving the proceeds from his highly successful concerts to the beggars, without regard for his own or his family's financial well-being. <mask> stopped producing songs in the 1960s. During the 1970s, he was mainly involved in concerts & in re-recording his earlier music for audio cassettes (his original recordings at Radio Kabul at the time could not be converted to audio cassette form due to lack of high quality sound equipment in Afghanistan. Contributions

<mask>'s greatest contribution to Afghan music was the creation of a unique Afghan sound—distinct from the Indian, Iranian, regional (folkloric), western traditions. His songs set an example for all pursuing Afghan artists to compose & perform in a style that was distinctly identifiable as Afghan, as opposed to mere imitation of other musical traditions. His work with the legendary composer Salim Sarmast led to the creation of a rhythm, melody line, harmony, and texture which became the essence of the Dari (Persian) sound.This sound was a major influence on many later musicians including Nainawaz, Ahmad Zahir, Ustad Zaland, Ahmad Wali, & later Farhad Darya. Besides a unique and new musical sound, <mask> was the first artist to choose poems & lyrics for his songs which were not primarily about romantic love. The majority of songs in Afghanistan up to that point chose poems/lyrics about romance, love, longing, and the trials and tribulations related to love. <mask> considered this trend

masks: Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts: to be frivolous and glib. He made a sharp departure from this tradition, and chose social, political, economic, spiritual, and even religious matters as subject for his songs. An astute student of Dari/Persian literature, he personally picked poems which were considered to be not only unconventional but unsuitable for being turned into songs. For instance, Een Ghame Be Haya, Ay <mask>, and Dar Damane Sahra, Ay Shakhe Gul, Harja Ke Safar Kardam, Beya Ta Gal Beyafshanem, were considered too erudite, abstract, and gloomy to be composed into songs.Almost all composers declined to consider them for composition. If he did not get his way and was pressured by his employer (Kabul Radio) to sing more conventional love songs, he picked a completely unrelated verse or two from another poem & inserted it in the romantic song composed for him. For example, in his song "Soraya chara Am kon," which contains a traditional romantic subject, he violently inserted a completely unrelated verse. <mask> was the first person to put lyrics to the iconic "Ahesta Boro" (Step slowly) anthem played for all brides on their wedding day. These lyrics, along with the composition, have become an expected and celebrated feature of Afghan weddings, with the composition also having been sung by many popular Afghan artists. Muslim singer Sami Yusuf used the tune of a Sarban composition, "Beyake Berem Ba Mazaar" (Come, Lets Go to Mazaar), in his song "Hasbi Rasbi". Many others have covered the song and composition within Afghanistan and in other Persian cultures.<mask>'s "Moshke Taza Mebarad" became one

masks: Sarban Sarban Sarban


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts: of the models for patriotic and national songs, and is still one of the most evocative and emotionally stirring Patriotic songs of Afghanistan due to its original and moving composition and evocative singing. It is said that many composers laughed at <mask> when he suggested the poem for composition into a national song due to the poem's complex vocabulary and imagery, but his collaborator Salim Sarmast set the lyrics to a sublime composition which moves Afghans until now. In addition to the compositions and lyrics he contributed, <mask> was also arguably symbolic and typical of Afghanistan's culture in his day, reflected in his singing of the beautiful poetry of many famous poets from ages past, such as Hafiz Shirazi, to whom he paid tribute with the song "Dozh as Masjid (Soye Maykhanaa Aamad Peer e Ma)" (Last night, upon departing the Mosque, our Master headed towards the Tavern). <mask>'s cover is a cut down version of the original poem, retaining 3 of the 10 verses composed by Shirazi. <mask>'s compositions, like "Dozh as Masjid", feature various styles of Sufi or mystical poetry, which use the metaphorical language of romantic love, to describe the author's relationship with God. Often such poems use words such as "beloved" figuratively regarding God, and it could be argued that <mask> was part of a musical movement in Afghanistan which sought to enlighten the audience as much as it entertained them. In his own personal life, <mask> was highly influenced by the Sufi tradition of mysticism.This is evident not only in his choice of poetry, but also in his

masks: Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts: mannerisms, such as his constant raising of his forefinger when speaking or singing. <mask>'s songs "Ay Sarban" (based on a poem by Saadi), Dar Damane Sahra are considered among the most accomplished examples of the Afghan musical repertoire. Almost all of <mask>'s songs were recorded in the first decade of his career—1960s. The vast majority of his original repertoire, which was recorded with a full orchestra, is not available. Except for a few songs from the original recordings (Khorsheede Man, Asare Shikanje Maujam, Az Bas Ke Nazanini), the majority of <mask>'s songs are re-recordings which were done in the late 1970s and released in audio cassettes. These later versions lack the full orchestra and chorus and rely on only a few instruments. <mask>'s vocal gifts were past their prime at that point.Most originals recordings which were held at Kabul Radio, were destroyed by the Taliban in the late 1990s. Recently a few vintage and rare recordings of <mask>'s records (for instance the original of his song Khorsheede Man, and Asare Shikanje Moujam) were uploaded on YouTube. <mask>'s songs have been covered both live and in recording by a vast number of Persian singers. In Afghanistan, his song "Ahesta Bero" is played in every Persian wedding as the bride walks to the aisle, in the same manner as Wagner's Bridal Chorus is played each time a bride in the west walks the aisle. His song such as Ay <mask> is covered by hugely popular singers such as Googoosh (from Iran) and Ahmad Zahir from Afghanistan. Every successful musician cite him as one of their main influences.


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts:
 Personal life
<mask> was born in Saragy, an old area of Kabul to the prominent and highly respected Mahmoody family.His father was a well-educated, highly respected, and prosperous rice merchant. The Mahmoody's were a family of illustrious doctors and surgeons highly respected among the educated elite of Kabul. However, The Mahmoody family had been leading social agitation and political activism for decades. As a result, his family was continuously persecuted by the monarchy at first, and then by successive governments which came after the monarchy. This persecution resulted in a huge diminishment of the family's wealth to the point that by the time <mask> was in his teens, they were virtually penniless. The majority of the most prominent and successful family members (including <mask>'s only two brothers, and almost all of his first cousins) had been either executed or exiled by the time <mask> had begun his musical career. These conditions profoundly influenced his choice of poetry and his music.For example, he chose the poem "Een Ghame Be Haya," for composition when his first cousin Latif Mahmoody had been arrested and executed. <mask> was shy and reclusive throughout his life. He seemed indifferent to fame, celebrity, and wealth for his entire life, even when through the prime of his career, which began peaking in the 1960s. At the peak of his celebrity, he polarized the Afghan intellectual class between those who loved and referred him for his art and those who criticized him for his personal life. Speculations said he had a constant problem with alcohol with

masks: Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban Sarban


title: Abdul Rahim Sarban

texts:
 claims he couldn't sing live on Kabul Radio without having a drink first. <mask> did fight with severe bouts of depression throughout his life. Many of his close relatives (including his younger brother) were arrested for their political activities and executed by the regime at the time, and many others were imprisoned or forced to flee in exile.This and the difficulties of raising a family without any reliable source of income were the main reasons for his depressive bouts. His close friends and family all dismiss this as urban legend. <mask> was indeed married to one of his cousins, and he has four children (three daughters and a son). His son <mask> <mask> recorded an album covering some of <mask>'s famous songs. In 1984, <mask> suffered a stroke which left him paralysed and unable to speak. This ended his musical career. During political turmoil in Afghanistan in the 1990s, he and his family emigrated to Pakistan and became impoverished.He died in Pakistan and twelve years after his death, the Afghan Government made arrangements with his family to relocate his remains to Kabul. References

20th-century Afghan male singers
1930 births
1993 deaths
Afghan expatriate musicians in

masks: Sarban Sarban Abdulrab Sarban Sarban Sarban


title: Eugene C. Barker

texts:
<mask> (November 1, 1874 – October 22, 1956) was an American historian at the University of Texas, the managing director of the Texas State Historical Association, and the editor of the Southwestern Historical Quarterly. He chaired the history department while soliciting gifts to the university, which he used to build a collection of archives and artifacts. In 1950, the university dedicated the Eugene C. Barker History Center as a repository for his collections. These collections are an important part of the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History at the University of Texas. Early life
<mask> was born to Joseph and Fannie (Holland<mask> on November 1, 1874, in Walker County, Texas. Joseph operated a general store in Riverside, Texas, at the Houston and Great Northern Railroad station on the Trinity River. <mask>'s early education took place in a one-room school.<mask> was about 14 years old when his father died, and he started working at the Missouri Pacific shops after he moved with the family to Palestine, Texas. He attended a local night school while holding down a job as a blacksmith. He started matriculating at the University of Texas in 1895, though he continued his employment with the Missouri Pacific in Austin as a mail clerk. He earned his baccalaureate in 1899 and his master’s degree the following year. His thesis was The Unification of Public Sentiment for the Texas Revolution. Career

Academics
In 1899, <mask> began his career at the University of Texas as a history tutor before ascending the professional ladder as an instructor and then as an adjunct professor. He started a sabbatical in 1901 in order to continue graduate work, at the University of Chicago, the University of Pennsylvania (where he received his doctoral degree in 1908), and Harvard University.He taught at Radcliffe College concurrently with his post-doctoral studies at Harvard. He returned to the University of Texas as an associate professor and was promoted to full professor in 1913, a title he retained through 1951. <mask>’s early influences as a young scholar were Lester Gladstone Bugbee and George P. Garrison, both University of Texas professors and early organizers of the Texas State Historical Association. In 1901, he published his first article,

masks:
Eugene Campbell Barker
Eugene Campbell Barker
) Barker
Barker
Barker
Barker
Barker


title: Eugene C. Barker

texts: "The Difficulties of a Mexican Revenue Officer in Texas", which appeared in the January issue of the Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Society. That same year he successfully submitted multiple articles on the Texas Revolution to publications of the Southern Historical Association. He published two more articles in history journals in 1903. <mask> assumed the chair of the history department at the University of Texas in 1910.At that time, only two other history professors worked for the department. During the first few years of his chairmanship, he recruited six professors to the department, including Walter Prescott Webb. He took on other responsibilities in 1910. That year he was appointed as managing director of the Texas State Historical Association, while also assuming the role as editor of the organization's journal, the Quarterly of the Texas State Historical Association. <mask> also asserted himself as a fundraiser for building a historical archive for the university. He courted a wealthy Confederate Civil War veteran, Major George W. Littlefield, who joined the Board of Regents in 1911. Littlefield remained sympathetic to the southern cause and <mask> convinced him that funding for the acquisition of old documents would assist in balancing the narrative.Littlefield's contributions started with an initial $25,000 grant to establish the Littlefield Fund for Southern History, which was followed after his death by a $100,000 bequest. <mask> also assisted professors Bugbee and Garrison in the acquisition of important Texas history documents for the university's archival collection. These included the Bexar Archives, which document the Spanish and Mexican periods of Texas history; the papers of Stephen F. Austin; and the Texas Declaration of Independence. Another find for the archives came from J. Evetts Haley, who received a commission from <mask> to travel throughout Texas in search of old documents and other artifacts. Haley's most important discovery was later known as the James Harper Starr Collection, which included the only known extant part from the diary of William B. Travis. <mask>'s historical interests extended beyond Texas. He was president of the Mississippi Valley Historical Association in 1923.His

masks: Barker Barker Barker Barker Barker Barker


title: Eugene C. Barker

texts:
 editorship of the Southwestern Historical Quarterly lasted for 27 years, until 1937, the same year the University of Texas recognized him as a Distinguished Professor. In addition to scholarly works, such as his biography of Stephen F. Austin in 1926 and his co-editorship of Sam Houston's papers with Amelia W. Williams between 1837 and 1843, <mask> also collaborated on several history textbooks. Politics
Governor James "Pa" Ferguson attempted to pressure acting University of Texas president William J. Battle into firing six faculty members in 1915. Battle resisted this demand. Ferguson, however, continued to push for these dismissals the next year after Robert A. Vinson received his appointment as president. Frustrated a second time, Ferguson foreshadowed "the biggest bear fight that has ever taken place in the history of Texas".Ferguson cut off all state appropriation to the university by a veto during the 1917 legislative session. <mask> inserted himself in the feud by protesting Ferguson's nomination to replace the state librarian. <mask> stood in resolute defense of the incumbent state librarian, Ernest W. Winkler. As the chair of the university's history department, he was an ex-officio member of the State Library and Historical Commission, a body responsible for vetting and appointing the state librarian. He reviewed Ferguson's nominee, A. F<mask>, but concluded in a letter that his lack of experience disqualified him from the position. <mask> remitted a copy of the letter to Ferguson. The governor responded directly, making it known that he was insulted and that <mask> had created an enemy.<mask> became more involved in the broader politics of the university, meeting with alumni and administrators and taking the side of the university in its defense against Ferguson's attacks. <mask> survived this dispute; Ferguson did not, as he was impeached and removed from office for reasons unrelated to his feud with the university. Personal life
<mask> married Matilda LeGrand Weeden on August 6, 1903. Death and legacy

<mask> died on October 22, 1956. He was interred at Oakwood Cemetery in Austin. Early during his tenure as managing director of the Texas State Historical Association, <mask> changed the name of its academic journal to

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title: Eugene C. Barker

texts:
 Southwestern Historical Quarterly, and as of 2020, the journal is still published under the same name. Several notable historians studied under <mask>, including Nettie Lee Benson, <mask>, Harry Ransom, and Walter Prescott Webb.In 1946, the university’s Board of Regents resolved to house the Eugene C. Barker Texas History Center in the building known as "<mask> Gilbert's Old Library". The building was so named because it had been designed by <mask>, who had been contracted as the university’s architect in 1910. On April 27, 1950, about six years before <mask>’s death, the university celebrated the new location of the center with a dedication ceremony. However, the building has since been renamed Battle Hall and reallocated to the School of Architecture, a name and purpose it retained as of 2020. Among the documents in the <mask> collection representing early Texas history are the Bexar Archives, the Stephen F. Austin Papers, and the Texas Declaration of Independence. <mask> was successful in soliciting $125,000 from George W. Littlefield to establish an archive of southern Civil War history, a collection which remains an important resource for modern historians. Ironically, these papers and letters from plantations, which were collected ostensibly to present the southern narrative in a better light, have revealed evidence to support critics of the southern plantation practices instead.The Eugene C. Barker Texas History Center is an important part of the Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, a repository at the University of Texas. <mask> published his biography of Stephen F. Austin in 1925. Despite the importance of Austin to Texas history, no other scholarly biographer completed a full-length biography of Austin until 1999. In Stephen F. Austin, Empresario of Texas, <mask> claims that <mask> presents an image of Austin too much as the empresario wanted to present himself, though <mask> admits that <mask>'s biography "was a model of scholarly research in its presentation of the facts of Austin's public career". Selected works

Citations

References

Further reading

External links

1874 births
1956 deaths
People from Walker County, Texas
Historians from Texas
University of Texas alumni
University of Texas faculty
Historians

masks:
Barker
Carlos Castañeda
Cass
Cass Gilbert
Barker
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Greg Cantrell
Barker
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title: Alen Stajcic

texts:
<mask> (born 2 November 1973) is a former Australian soccer player and the most recent head coach of Philippines women's national football team. While as a footballer he was a NSW Premier League player and Australian Youth Representative. Since turning his hand to coaching he had become the head coach of NSWIS for Women's Soccer, Head Coach of The Hills Sports High School Football Program, Head Coach of the Australian Under 20 Women's National Team. He was appointed coach for Sydney FC in the first season of the Australian W-League. From 2014 to 2019, he was the head coach of the Matildas. He helped the Philippines qualify for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, their first ever, when he stirred the team to the semifinals of the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup. Club career
A former NSW Premier League player and Captain with Bonnyrigg, Bankstown and Sutherland, <mask> represented NSW at the youth level and played for several clubs within the National Youth League and Winter Super League.Managerial career
<mask> <mask> had been the head coach of the NSWIS Women's Football Program from 2002–2013. Widely considered as the one of the best football nurseries in Australia, the program produced over 30 senior Internationals in that 10-year period. He was also the head coach of the Women's National Soccer League side, the NSW Sapphires, which he guided to a premiership in the 2003/04 season. He started as head coach of HSHS in the foundation year (2003) and has gone on to win many titles and good performances. In 2006, he was the assistant coach for the Young Matilda's while they were competing at the FIFA U/20's Women's Championships in Russia. Unfortunately they bowed out in the group stage, missing the next round by 1 point to Brazil and Russia. As of 05/03/07 Stajcic became

masks:
Alen Stajcic
Alen
Alen
Stajcic


title: Alen Stajcic

texts:
 the Young Matildas Coach.In 2008, Stajcic became the inaugural Sydney FC Women's head coach, until 2014. They qualified for the semi finals in all 6 seasons, winning 2 grand finals and 2 premierships along the way. In 2013, Sydney FC beat Japanese powerhouse NTV Beleza and Sth American Champions Colo Colo to claim 3rd place the IWCC in Japan. Australia women
As of September 2014, Stajcic was appointed full-time head coach of the Australian Women's National Football team, the Matildas. In the 2015 Women's World Cup in Canada, they became the 1st Senior Australian Football Team to win a knockout match in a World Cup when they defeated Brazil 1–0 in the Round of 16 before losing 1–0 to Japan in the quarter finals. Earlier in 2014, Stajcic had led the Matildas in an Interim capacity, to a Silver Medal at the Asian Championships. Currently, Stajcic stands as the only Australian-born head coach to win a match at a FIFA World Cup.In March 2016, the Matildas qualified for the Olympic Games for the first time in 12 years. Along the way eliminating World Cup finalists Japan. The Matildas topped the Asian Qualifying group and were undefeated in the tournament. The Matildas subsequently attained their highest-ever FIFA Ranking of 5. At the 2016 Rio Olympics Australia were grouped with Canada, Germany and Zimbabwe. Australia progressed through to the Quarter Finals, where they were beaten 7–6 on penalties by Hosts Brazil after a 0–0 draw. Despite qualifying for the 2019 Women's World Cup, <mask> was sacked from his position by Football Federation Australia for reasons that were not made clear by the FFA at the time of the sacking, with FFA board member Heather Reid making cryptic remarks about how people "would be shocked" if they knew the reasons, with leaks to the media


title: Alen Stajcic

texts:
 resulting in Lucy Zelic claiming the facts were legally confidential.Australian player Sam Kerr posted on twitter saying "My trust was in Staj to lead us to the World Cup final & I believe he was the best coach for that". Stajcic took legal action against the FFA for the sacking and the veil of secrecy behind it, and in May 2019 this legal action lead to a settlement with a 'six figure' settlement accounting for the loss of potential World Cup bonuses and reputation damage. Heather Reid said in a statement following the settlement, "I apologise unreservedly for the damage, distress and hurt that I have caused to <mask> Stajcic as a professional football coach". Central Coast Mariners
Following the sacking of Mike Mulvey from Central Coast Mariners, on 12 March 2019 Stajcic was appointed as the caretaker head coach for the club. On 2 May 2019, Stajcic was appointed head coach on a 3-year contract until the end of the 2021–22 A-League season. In the final 6 games of season he was in charge for 2 wins and 4 losses. The 2019/20 season was his first as the full time head coach, and the Mariners finished in last place with 5 wins, 3 draws and 18 losses from 26 games.The early stages of the 2020/21 season went very well for the Mariners, and they won 5 of the first 7 matches, putting them in outright first place with 15 points. Philippines women
In late October 2021, Stajcic was appointed as head coach of the Malditas, the Philippines women's national football team, ahead of the 2022 AFC Women's Asian Cup. By reaching the semifinals, following a penalty shootout win over Chinese Taipei, the Philippines qualified for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup, the first time the side had ever qualified. Stajcic  became the only Australian-born coach to qualify for 3 FIFA World


title: Edmund Husserl

texts:
<mask> ( ,  , ; 8 April 1859 – 27 April 1938) was a German philosopher and mathematician who established the school of phenomenology. In his early work, he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic based on analyses of intentionality. In his mature work, he sought to develop a systematic foundational science based on the so-called phenomenological reduction. Arguing that transcendental consciousness sets the limits of all possible knowledge, Husserl redefined phenomenology as a transcendental-idealist philosophy. Husserl's thought profoundly influenced 20th-century philosophy, and he remains a notable figure in contemporary philosophy and beyond. Husserl studied mathematics, taught by Karl Weierstrass and Leo Königsberger, and philosophy taught by Franz Brentano and Carl Stumpf. He taught philosophy as a Privatdozent at Halle from 1887, then as professor, first at Göttingen from 1901, then at Freiburg from 1916 until he retired in 1928, after which he remained highly productive.In 1933, under racial laws, having been born to a Jewish family, he was expelled from the library of the University of Freiburg, and months later resigned from the Deutsche Akademie. Following an illness, he died in Freiburg in 1938. Life and career

Youth and education
<mask> was born in

masks:
Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl
Husserl


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: Forschung ("Yearbook for Philosophy and Phenomenological Research") was founded by Husserl and his school, and which published articles of their phenomenological movement from 1913 to 1930. His important work Ideen was published in its first issue (Vol. 1, Issue 1, 1913). Before beginning Ideen Husserl's thought had reached the stage where "each subject is 'presented' to itself, and to each all others are 'presentiated' (Vergegenwärtigung), not as parts of nature but as pure consciousness."Ideen advanced his transition to a "transcendental interpretation" of phenomenology, a view later criticized by, among others, Jean-Paul Sartre. In Ideen Paul Ricœur sees the development of Husserl's thought as leading "from the psychological cogito to the transcendental cogito." As phenomenology further evolves, it leads (when viewed from another vantage point in Husserl's 'labyrinth') to "transcendental subjectivity". Also in Ideen Husserl explicitly elaborates the phenomenological and eidetic reductions. In 1913 Karl Jaspers visited Husserl at Göttingen. In October 1914 both his sons were sent to fight on the Western Front of World War I and the following year one of them, <mask>, was badly injured. On 8 March 1916, on the battlefield of Verdun, Wolfgang was killed in action.The next year his other


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: son Gerhart <mask> was wounded in the war but survived. His own mother Julia died. In November 1917 one of his outstanding students and later a noted philosophy professor in his own right, Adolf Reinach, was killed in the war while serving in Flanders. Husserl had transferred in 1916 to the University of Freiburg (in Freiburg im Breisgau) where he continued bringing his work in philosophy to fruition, now as a full professor. Edith Stein served as his personal assistant during his first few years in Freiburg, followed later by Martin Heidegger from 1920 to 1923. The mathematician Hermann Weyl began corresponding with him in 1918. Husserl gave four lectures on Phenomenological method at University College, London in 1922.The University of Berlin in 1923 called on him to relocate there, but he declined the offer. In 1926 Heidegger dedicated his book Sein und Zeit (Being and Time) to him "in grateful respect and friendship." Husserl remained in his professorship at Freiburg until he requested retirement, teaching his last class on 25 July 1928. A Festschrift to celebrate his seventieth birthday was presented to him on 8 April 1929. Despite retirement, Husserl gave several notable lectures. The first, at Paris in 1929, led to Méditations cartésiennes (Paris 1931). Husserl here reviews the


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: the new Nazi regime were enacted.On 6 April <mask> was banned from using the library at the University of Freiburg, or any other academic library; the following week, after a public outcry, he was reinstated. Yet his colleague Heidegger was elected Rector of the university on 21–22 April, and joined the Nazi Party. By contrast, in July Husserl resigned from the Deutsche Akademie. Later Husserl lectured at Prague in 1935 and Vienna in 1936, which resulted in a very differently styled work that, while innovative, is no less problematic: Die Krisis (Belgrade 1936). Husserl describes here the cultural crisis gripping Europe, then approaches a philosophy of history, discussing Galileo, Descartes, several British philosophers, and Kant. The apolitical Husserl before had specifically avoided such historical discussions, pointedly preferring to go directly to an investigation of consciousness. Merleau-Ponty and others question whether Husserl here does not undercut his own position, in that Husserl had attacked in principle historicism, while specifically designing his phenomenology to be rigorous enough to transcend the limits of history.On the contrary, Husserl may be indicating here that historical traditions are merely features given to the pure ego's intuition, like any other. A longer


title: Edmund Husserl

texts:
 section follows on the "lifeworld" [Lebenswelt], one not observed by the objective logic of science, but a world seen in our subjective experience. Yet a problem arises similar to that dealing with 'history' above, a chicken-and-egg problem. Does the lifeworld contextualize and thus compromise the gaze of the pure ego, or does the phenomenological method nonetheless raise the ego up transcendent? These last writings presented the fruits of his professional life. Since his university retirement Husserl had "worked at a tremendous pace, producing several major works." After suffering a fall the autumn of 1937, the philosopher became ill with pleurisy.<mask> died at Freiburg on 27 April 1938, having just turned 79. His wife Malvine survived him. Eugen Fink, his research assistant, delivered his eulogy. Gerhard Ritter was the only Freiburg faculty member to attend the funeral, as an anti-Nazi protest. Heidegger and the Nazi era
<mask> was rumoured to have been denied the use of the library at Freiburg as a result of the anti-Jewish legislation of April 1933. However, among other disabilities Husserl was unable to publish his works in Nazi Germany [see above footnote to Die Krisis (1936)]. It was also rumoured that his former pupil Martin Heidegger informed Husserl that he was discharged,

masks:
Edmund Husserl
Husserl


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: but it was actually the previous rector.Apparently <mask> and Heidegger had moved apart during the 1920s, which became clearer after 1928 when <mask> retired and Heidegger succeeded to his university chair. In the summer of 1929 Husserl had studied carefully selected writings of Heidegger, coming to the conclusion that on several of their key positions they differed:  e.g., Heidegger substituted Dasein ["Being-there"] for the pure ego, thus transforming phenomenology into an anthropology, a type of psychologism strongly disfavored by Husserl. Such observations of Heidegger, along with a critique of Max Scheler, were put into a lecture Husserl gave to various Kant Societies in Frankfurt, Berlin, and Halle during 1931 entitled Phänomenologie und Anthropologie. In the war-time 1941 edition of Heidegger's primary work, Being and Time (Sein und Zeit, first published in 1927), the original dedication to Husserl was removed. This was not due to a negation of the relationship between the two philosophers, however, but rather was the result of a suggested censorship by Heidegger's publisher who feared that the book might otherwise be banned by the Nazi regime. The dedication can still be found in a footnote on page 38, thanking Husserl for his guidance and generosity. Husserl, of course, had

masks: Husserl Husserl


title: Edmund Husserl

texts:
 died three years earlier.In post-war editions of Sein und Zeit the dedication to Husserl is restored. The complex, troubled, and sundered philosophical relationship between Husserl and Heidegger has been widely discussed. On 4 May 1933, Professor <mask>l addressed the recent regime change in Germany and its consequences:The future alone will judge which was the true Germany in 1933, and who were the true Germans—those who subscribe to the more or less materialistic-mythical racial prejudices of the day, or those Germans pure in heart and mind, heirs to the great Germans of the past whose tradition they revere and perpetuate.After his death, Husserl's manuscripts, amounting to approximately 40,000 pages of "Gabelsberger" stenography and his complete research library, were in 1939 smuggled to the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium by the Franciscan priest Herman Van Breda. There they were deposited at Leuven to form the Husserl-Archives of the Higher Institute of Philosophy. Much of the material in his research manuscripts has since been published in the Husserliana critical edition series. Development of his thought

Several early themes
In his first works, Husserl tries to combine mathematics, psychology and philosophy with the main goal to provide a sound foundation for


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: mathematics. He analyzes the psychological process needed to obtain the concept of number and then tries to build up a systematical theory on this analysis.To achieve this he uses several methods and concepts taken from his teachers. From Weierstrass he derives the idea that we generate the concept of number by counting a certain collection of objects. From Brentano and Stumpf he takes over the distinction between proper and improper presenting. In an example Husserl explains this in the following way: if you are standing in front of a house, you have a proper, direct presentation of that house, but if you are looking for it and ask for directions, then these directions (e.g. the house on the corner of this and that street) are an indirect, improper presentation. In other words, you can have a proper presentation of an object if it is actually present, and an improper (or symbolic, as he also calls it) one if you only can indicate that object through signs, symbols, etc. <mask>'s Logical Investigations (1900–1901) is considered the starting point for the formal theory of wholes and their parts known as mereology.Another important element that <mask> took over from Brentano is intentionality, the notion that the main characteristic of consciousness is that it is always intentional. While


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: about what it is, and becomes a grouping of perceptual and functional aspects that imply one another under the idea of a particular object or "type". The notion of objects as real is not expelled by phenomenology, but "bracketed" as a way in which we regard objectsinstead of a feature that inheres in an object's essence founded in the relation between the object and the perceiver. In order to better understand the world of appearances and objects, phenomenology attempts to identify the invariant features of how objects are perceived and pushes attributions of reality into their role as an attribution about the things we perceive (or an assumption underlying how we perceive objects). The major dividing line in Husserl's thought is the turn to transcendental idealism. In a later period, Husserl began to wrestle with the complicated issues of intersubjectivity, specifically, how communication about an object can be assumed to refer to the same ideal entity (Cartesian Meditations, Meditation V). Husserl tries new methods of bringing his readers to understand the importance of phenomenology to scientific inquiry (and specifically to psychology) and what it means to "bracket" the natural attitude. The Crisis of the European Sciences is <mask>'s unfinished work that deals most directly with


title: Edmund Husserl

texts:
 these issues.In it, Husserl for the first time attempts a historical overview of the development of Western philosophy and science, emphasizing the challenges presented by their increasingly (one-sidedly) empirical and naturalistic orientation. Husserl declares that mental and spiritual reality possess their own reality independent of any physical basis, and that a science of the mind ('Geisteswissenschaft') must be established on as scientific a foundation as the natural sciences have managed: "It is my conviction that intentional phenomenology has for the first time made spirit as spirit the field of systematic scientific experience, thus effecting a total transformation of the task of knowledge." <mask>'s thought

Husserl's thought is revolutionary in several ways, most notably in the distinction between "natural" and "phenomenological" modes of understanding. In the former, sense-perception in correspondence with the material realm constitutes the known reality, and understanding is premised on the accuracy of the perception and the objective knowability of what is called the "real world". Phenomenological understanding strives to be rigorously "presuppositionless" by means of what Husserl calls "phenomenological reduction". This reduction is not conditioned but rather


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: independently. Likewise, in his criticism of Frege in the Philosophy of Arithmetic, Husserl remarks on the distinction between the content and the extension of a concept. Moreover, the distinction between the subjective mental act, namely the content of a concept, and the (external) object, was developed independently by Brentano and his school, and may have surfaced as early as Brentano's 1870s lectures on logic. Scholars such as J. N. Mohanty, Claire Ortiz Hill, and Guillermo E. Rosado Haddock, among others, have argued that Husserl's so-called change from psychologism to Platonism came about independently of Frege's review. For example, the review falsely accuses Husserl of subjectivizing everything, so that no objectivity is possible, and falsely attributes to him a notion of abstraction whereby objects disappear until we are left with numbers as mere ghosts. Contrary to what Frege states, in <mask>'s Philosophy of Arithmetic we already find two different kinds of representations: subjective and objective.Moreover, objectivity is clearly defined in that work. Frege's attack seems to be directed at certain foundational doctrines then current in Weierstrass's Berlin School, of which Husserl and Cantor cannot be said to be orthodox representatives. Furthermore, various sources indicate


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: that Husserl changed his mind about psychologism as early as 1890, a year before he published the Philosophy of Arithmetic. Husserl stated that by the time he published that book, he had already changed his mind—that he had doubts about psychologism from the very outset. He attributed this change of mind to his reading of Leibniz, Bolzano, Lotze, and David Hume. Husserl makes no mention of Frege as a decisive factor in this change. In his Logical Investigations, Husserl mentions Frege only twice, once in a footnote to point out that he had retracted three pages of his criticism of Frege's The Foundations of Arithmetic, and again to question Frege's use of the word Bedeutung to designate "reference" rather than "meaning" (sense).In a letter dated 24 May 1891, Frege thanked Husserl for sending him a copy of the Philosophy of Arithmetic and <mask>'s review of Ernst Schröder's Vorlesungen über die Algebra der Logik. In the same letter, Frege used the review of Schröder's book to analyze Husserl's notion of the sense of reference of concept words. Hence Frege recognized, as early as 1891, that Husserl distinguished between sense and reference. Consequently, Frege and Husserl independently elaborated a theory of sense and reference before 1891. Commentators argue that Husserl's notion of


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: than engage in the communal task" as originally intended by the radical new science.Notwithstanding, he did attract philosophers to phenomenology. Martin Heidegger is the best known of Husserl's students, the one whom Husserl chose as his successor at Freiburg. Heidegger's magnum opus Being and Time was dedicated to Husserl. They shared their thoughts and worked alongside each other for over a decade at the University of Freiburg, Heidegger being Husserl's assistant during 1920–1923. Heidegger's early work followed his teacher, but with time he began to develop new insights distinctively variant. Husserl became increasingly critical of Heidegger's work, especially in 1929, and included pointed criticism of Heidegger in lectures he gave during 1931. Heidegger, while acknowledging his debt to Husserl, followed a political position offensive and harmful to Husserl after the Nazis came to power in 1933, Husserl being of Jewish origin and Heidegger infamously being then a Nazi proponent.Academic discussion of <mask> and Heidegger is extensive. At Göttingen in 1913 Adolf Reinach (1884–1917) "was now Husserl's right hand. He was above all the mediator between Husserl and the students, for he understood extremely well how to deal with other persons, whereas Husserl was pretty much helpless in


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: this respect." He was an original editor of Husserl's new journal, Jahrbuch; one of his works (giving a phenomenological analysis of the law of obligations) appeared in its first issue. Reinach was widely admired and a remarkable teacher. <mask>, in his 1917 obituary, wrote, "He wanted to draw only from the deepest sources, he wanted to produce only work of enduring value. And through his wise restraint he succeeded in this."Edith Stein was Husserl's student at Göttingen and Freiburg while she wrote her doctoral thesis The Empathy Problem as it Developed Historically and Considered Phenomenologically (1916). She then became his assistant at Freiburg in 1916–18. She later adapted her phenomenology to the modern school of modern Thomism. Ludwig Landgrebe became assistant to Husserl in 1923. From 1939 he collaborated with Eugen Fink at the Husserl-Archives in Leuven. In 1954 he became leader of the Husserl-Archives. Landgrebe is known as one of Husserl's closest associates, but also for his independent views relating to history, religion and politics as seen from the viewpoints of existentialist philosophy and metaphysics.Eugen Fink was a close associate of <mask> during the 1920s and 1930s. He wrote the Sixth Cartesian Meditation which Husserl said was the truest expression and


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: continuation of his own work. Fink delivered the eulogy for Husserl in 1938. Roman Ingarden, an early student of Husserl at Freiburg, corresponded with Husserl into the mid-1930s. Ingarden did not accept, however, the later transcendental idealism of Husserl which he thought would lead to relativism. Ingarden has written his work in German and Polish. In his Spór o istnienie świata (Ger.: "Der Streit um die Existenz der Welt", Eng. : "Dispute about existence of the world") he created his own realistic position, which also helped to spread phenomenology in Poland. Max Scheler met <mask> in Halle in 1901 and found in his phenomenology a methodological breakthrough for his own philosophy. Scheler, who was at Göttingen when Husserl taught there, was one of the original few editors of the journal Jahrbuch für Philosophie und Phänomenologische Forschung (1913). Scheler's work Formalism in Ethics and Nonformal Ethics of Value appeared in the new journal (1913 and 1916) and drew acclaim. The personal relationship between the two men, however, became strained, due to Scheler's legal troubles, and Scheler returned to Munich. Although Scheler later criticised Husserl's idealistic logical approach and proposed instead a "phenomenology of love", he states that he remained "deeply indebted" to


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: Husserl throughout his work.Nicolai Hartmann was once thought to be at the center of phenomenology, but perhaps no longer. In 1921 the prestige of Hartmann the Neo-Kantian, who was Professor of Philosophy at Marburg, was added to the Movement; he "publicly declared his solidarity with the actual work of die Phänomenologie." Yet Hartmann's connections were with Max Scheler and the Munich circle; <mask> himself evidently did not consider him as a phenomenologist. His philosophy, however, is said to include an innovative use of the method. Emmanuel Levinas in 1929 gave a presentation at one of Husserl's last seminars in Freiburg. Also that year he wrote on Husserl's Ideen (1913) a long review published by a French journal. With Gabrielle Peiffer, Levinas translated into French Husserl's Méditations cartésiennes (1931).He was at first impressed with Heidegger and began a book on him, but broke off the project when Heidegger became involved with the Nazis. After the war he wrote on Jewish spirituality; most of his family had been murdered by the Nazis in Lithuania. Levinas then began to write works that would become widely known and admired. Alfred Schutz's Phenomenology of the Social World seeks to rigorously ground Max Weber's interpretive sociology in Husserl's phenomenology. Husserl was


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: impressed by this work and asked Schutz to be his assistant. Jean-Paul Sartre was also largely influenced by Husserl, although he later came to disagree with key points in his analyses. Sartre rejected Husserl's transcendental interpretations begun in his Ideen (1913) and instead followed Heidegger's ontology.Maurice Merleau-Ponty's Phenomenology of Perception is influenced by <mask>'s work on perception, intersubjectivity, intentionality, space, and temporality, including Husserl's theory of retention and protention. Merleau-Ponty's description of 'motor intentionality' and sexuality, for example, retain the important structure of the noetic/noematic correlation of Ideen I, yet further concretize what it means for Husserl when consciousness particularizes itself into modes of intuition. Merleau-Ponty's most clearly Husserlian work is, perhaps, "the Philosopher and His Shadow." Depending on the interpretation of Husserl's accounts of eidetic intuition, given in Husserl's Phenomenological Psychology and Experience and Judgment, it may be that Merleau-Ponty did not accept the "eidetic reduction" nor the "pure essence" said to result. Merleau-Ponty was the first student to study at the Husserl-archives in Leuven. Gabriel Marcel explicitly rejected existentialism, due to Sartre, but not


title: Edmund Husserl

texts:
 Kluwer. Cartesian Meditations, 1960 [1931]. Cairns, D., trans. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Formal and Transcendental Logic, 1969 [1929], Cairns, D., trans. The Hague: Nijhoff.Experience and Judgement, 1973 [1939], Churchill, J. S., and Ameriks, K., translators. London: Routledge. The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Philosophy, 1970 [1936/54], Carr, D., trans. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. "Universal Teleology". Telos 4 (Fall 1969). New York: Telos Press.Anthologies
 Willard, Dallas, trans., 1994. Early Writings in the Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics. Dordrecht: Kluwer. Welton, D., ed., 1999. The Essential Husserl. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. See also
 Early phenomenology
 List of phenomenologists

Notes

Citations

Further reading
 Adorno, Theodor W., 2013.Against Epistemology. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bernet, Rudolf, et al., 1993. Introduction to Husserlian Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Derrida, Jacques, 1954 (French), 2003 (English). The Problem of Genesis in <mask>'s Philosophy.Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press. --------, 1962 (French), 1976 (English). Introduction to <mask>'s The Origin of Geometry. Includes Derrida's translation of Appendix III of Husserl's 1936 The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: Phenomenology. --------, 1967 (French), 1973 (English). Speech and Phenomena (La Voix et le Phénomène), and other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs. Fine, Kit, 1995, "Part-Whole" in Smith, B., and Smith, D. W., eds., The Cambridge Companion to Husserl.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Fink, Eugen 1995, Sixth Cartesian meditation. The Idea of a Transcendental Theory of Method with textual notations by <mask>l. Translated with an introduction by Ronald Bruzina, Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Føllesdal, Dagfinn, 1972, "An Introduction to Phenomenology for Analytic Philosophers" in Olson, R. E., and Paul, A. M., eds., Contemporary Philosophy in Scandinavia. Johns Hopkins University Press: 417–30. Hill, C. O., 1991.Word and Object in Husserl, Frege, and Russell: The Roots of Twentieth-Century Philosophy. Ohio Univ. Press. -------- and Rosado Haddock, G. E., 2000. <mask> or Frege? Meaning, Objectivity, and Mathematics. Open Court.Hopkins, Burt C., (2011). The Philosophy of Husserl. Durham: Acumen. Levinas, Emmanuel, 1963 (French), 1973 (English). The Theory of Intuition in Husserl's Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Köchler, Hans, 1983, "The Relativity of the Soul and the Absolute State of the Pure Ego", Analecta Husserliana 16: 95–107.--------, 1986.

masks:
Edmund Husser
Husserl


title: Edmund Husserl

texts: Phenomenological Realism. Selected Essays. Frankfurt a. M./Bern: Peter Lang. Mohanty, J. N., 1974, "Husserl and Frege: A New Look at Their Relationship", Research in Phenomenology 4: 51–62. --------, 1982. <mask>'s Theory of Meaning.The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff. --------, 1982. Husserl and Frege. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Moran, D. and Cohen, J., 2012, The Husserl Dictionary. London, Continuum Press. Natanson, Maurice, 1973.<mask>: Philosopher of Infinite Tasks. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Ricœur, Paul, 1967. <mask>: An Analysis of His Phenomenology. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Rollinger, R. D., 1999, Husserl's Position in the School of Brentano in Phaenomenologica 150. Kluwer.--------, 2008. Austrian Phenomenology: Brentano, Husserl, Meinong, and Others on Mind and Language. Frankfurt am Main: Ontos-Verlag. Schuhmann, K., 1977. Husserl – Chronik (Denk- und Lebensweg Edmund <mask>). Number I in Husserliana Dokumente. Martinus Nijhoff.Simons, Peter, 1987. Parts: A Study in Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sokolowski, Robert. Introduction to Phenomenology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Smith, David Woodruff, 2007.Husserl London: Routledge. Stiegler, Bernard, 2009. Technics and Time, 2: Disorientation. Stanford: Stanford

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Edmund Husserl
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