title: Jon Hol

texts: the King, was instated in 1882 as commander of the battalion stationed in Kristiania. In late 1883, Oscar suggested that the storage of bolts of rifles in depots around the country be disconnected, to prevent a situation in which uprising peasantry turned the Army's own weapons against them.Secret talks on a coup d'état supported by the military were held between Oscar and Christian Selmer at the Scanian castle Sofiero in 1883, and the newspaper Morgenbladet publicly supported such a solution. One of the means to counter this development, was the formation of semi-military forces. All over the country, local rifle associations had sprung up. The first rifle association—Centralforeningen for Udbredelse af Legemsøvelser og Vaabenbrug of 1861—was politically conservative, but a great number of the newer associations, especially in rural districts, supported the political liberals and radicals. They exercised as regular troops, but did not commit acts of political violence. Rather, a latent purpose was to deter a possible conflict. If conservative Commanders of the Army were to use force to subdue the parliamentary process, it was clear that rifle associations, too, could march upon Kristiania, possibly aided by "rogue" commanders such as Albert Jacobsen.<mask> supported the liberal rifle associations, and helped found Kristiania Folkevæbningssamlag in his city. He also chaired Nordre Skytterlag, a local rifle association based in Nordre Aker. Apart from organizational work, he wrote several articles on the issue. In Samfundet he wrote that a "coup d'etat or attempt thereof" would lead to a popular uprising, where "real Norwegians", "soldier or


title: Jon Hol

type: original

texts:
 non-soldier" alike would encircle the Parliament Building with "thousands of bayonets" to "await" and the political processes and guard the Constitution. This activism was not compatible with his professional career, as he was a municipal employee. In this situation, <mask> chose to formally leave the radical organizations, resigning as a member of the board of Kristiania Arbeidersamfund and Kristiania Folkevæbningssamlag. He thereby retained his job.However, in early 1884 he was fired by the municipality. Rifleringen
In February 1884, the Impeachment trial of Prime Minister Christian Selmer and his entire cabinet was nearing its end. One of the last actions of Selmer's cabinet was to refuse to sanction a parliamentary money grant to the rifle association—the liberals had won the 1882 parliamentary election in a landslide victory—further polarizing the situation. Rumours flew that personnel of the Norwegian Army were preparing for action at Kongsvinger Fortress, some miles northeast of Kristiania. On 6 February 1884, Hol released a pamphlet which has come to be known as Rifleringen (The Rifle Ring), with the subtitle Giv Akt (At attention). Like previous writings, it called upon semi-military personnel and other weapon-able citizens to arm themselves and encircle the Parliament Building. This time, he did not call for the citizens to "await" the situation, but instead to "fire!at the traitors of the Fatherland". The pamphlet was confiscated by the police on 8 February. The person who printed the pamphlet, Nikolai Olsen, was arrested on the same day, and the apprehension of <mask> followed on 10 February. He remained in custody until 26 February, and

masks:
Hol
Jon Hol


title: Jon Hol

texts:
 was indicted on 11 March, for lèse majesté. Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson and <mask> were indicted on the same charge. Upon the arrests, the newspaper Verdens Gang noted that no conservative writers had been sanctioned, despite openly calling for a coup d'état. In the meantime, Christian Selmer was impeached on 27 February; his cabinet members followed one by one, the last being impeached on 1 April.On 11 March, Selmer resigned. Two acting Prime Ministers were drawn from his cabinet; Ole Bachke from 11 to 29 March and Niels Mathias Rye from 29 March to 3 April. Then, a new cabinet led by Selmer's former Minister of Finance Christian Homann Schweigaard was formed, but in reality it stood no chance of surviving as it faced the Liberal-dominated Parliament, whose means of pressuring the executive branch had been strengthened following the Impeachment trial. In June, as Schweigaard entered his last month as Prime Minister, the King summoned mathematics professor Ole Jacob Broch to form a compromise cabinet, but this failed owing to Conservative opposition, spearheaded by up-and-coming politician Emil Stang. Broch gave up on 22 June, and Johan Sverdrup became Prime Minister on 26 June. In light of this change in circumstances, the case against Hol had been annulled by Royal Resolution— earlier on 6 June. Det norske Arbeiderforbund
The Conservative politicians and the King had accepted the parliamentary process without any military conflict.However, conflicts as such still existed. The country's establishment had been shocked by a number of labor conflicts, with a street battle at Kampen in 1878 and the storming of an employer's home at Etterstad in May 1880, as


title: Jon Hol

texts: examples of the more volatile events. In August 1884, workers at Akers Mekaniske Verksted faced a 10% pay cut. A debate had been held in Kristiania Arbeidersamfund on 30 July, and the meeting decided to call a strike effective as of 1 August. In addition, <mask> took the initiative to found a national trade union center, Det norske Arbeiderforbund. Representatives from seventeen factories elected <mask> as the secretary of Det norske Arbeiderforbund. The printer Nikolai Olsen became treasurer.Among the union's demands were normal working hours for laborers and universal suffrage. It staunchly opposed socialist ideas, especially through the union newspaper Arbeideren. On 7 October, a new board was elected, and the first point of their manifesto was "Law-abidingness — moral conduct — sobriety". Det norske Arbeiderforbund was supported by people from individual factories, but the mainly philanthropic activists were associated with the Liberal Party. However, the strike at Akers Mekaniske had been a failure, as the laborers had returned to work by on 26 August—with a 10% pay cut. It soon faced competition from more worker-dominated trade unions, coordinated through the Fagforeningenes Centralkomite. On the political side, a Labour Party was formed in 1887, and from it the Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions followed in 1899.The historical role of Det norske Arbeiderforbund, as it turned out, was to mark the transition between two kinds of trade unionism; the one dominated by the bourgeois Liberal Party and the one dominated by the socialist Labour Party. The organization became defunct around 1890. The publication Arbeideren was continued, and

masks:
Jon Hol
Hol


title: Jon Hol

texts:
 beginning in 1906, Arbeideren was the party organ of the newly founded Labour Democrats, a non-socialist labour and social reform party associated with the Liberal Party. Later life
<mask> had been fired from his municipal job on 13 February 1884. After 1884, he laid low for a few years, but on 26 May 1886 he was given  by the Liberal-dominated Parliament as compensation for lost income. In 1887 he was again publicly employed, assisting in the construction of the Bandak-Nordsjø Canal. He was hired as the city engineer of Skien in 1891, holding this position for almost twenty-five years, and later worked in Notodden, Kongsberg and Risør.From time to time he wrote technical articles on water pipes, among other subjects, in the magazine Teknisk Ukeblad. He became active again in politics and the public sphere. He wrote for the liberal newspaper Dagbladet and the temperance magazine Folket, as well as for the local press. He also represented the temperance movement in the city council of Skien for twenty years. In 1906 he ran in the parliamentary elections in the constituency Skien, but was not elected. He has been called an independent candidate. At the time, however, he was denoted by Statistics Norway as loosely adhering to the Coalition Party with a leaning towards the Liberals.In the first round of voting, <mask> was a "running mate" (deputy candidate) of former parliamentarian and government minister Hans Nilsen Hauge, who adhered to the Coalition Party with a conservative leaning. They faced Carl Stousland who represented the Liberal Party and P. R. Saltvik of the Labour Party. Stousland received 732 votes, Hauge 460 votes and Saltvik 231 votes. As

masks: Hol Hol


title: Jon Hol

texts:
 a "running mate", <mask> received 511 votes. He also got 8 votes as a primary candidate. In the second round of voting, the Coalition Party dropped Hauge and propped up <mask>, who now had J. A. Larsen as his running mate.Also, the Labour Party pulled out. <mask> received 595 votes, but succumbed to Stousland who got 855 votes. Hauge got 2 votes, and <mask> got 23 "running mate" votes. <mask> stood for election again in the 1924 parliamentary election, when the voting system had changed completely. The constituency was now Market towns of Telemark and Aust-Agder counties, and it was a plural-member constituency where representatives were selected from the party lists with the most votes. <mask> was fielded as the second candidate on the ballot of the Radical People's Party (Labour Democrats), the new name of the Labour Democrats. The first candidate was A. Jørgensen, police chief of Kragerø.The Radical People's Party fared well in Skien and Kragerø. With 1,050 votes in Kragerø the party prevailed over the Social Democrats and Communists. With 2,075 votes in Skien the party prevailed over Labour. However, it fared much worse in the other six cities, carried 4,571 votes in total and lost the election in the Market towns of Telemark and Aust-Agder counties. <mask> died in 1941, and was buried on 16 May 1941 at Vestre gravlund. References

Notes

Bibliography

1851 births
1941 deaths
People from Nord-Odal
People from Skien
Norwegian engineers
Norwegian male writers
Norwegian trade unionists
Norwegian temperance activists
Politicians from Telemark
Radical People's Party (Norway) politicians
20th-century Norwegian politicians
Coalition Party (Norway)

masks: Hol Hol Hol Hol Hol Hol Hol


title: Herb Kawainui Kāne

texts:
<mask> (June 21, 1928 – March 8, 2011), considered one of the principal figures in the renaissance of Hawaiian culture in the 1970s, was a celebrated artist-historian and author with a special interest in the seafaring traditions of the ancestral peoples of Hawaii. Kāne played a key role in demonstrating that Hawaiian culture arose not from some accidental seeding of Polynesia, but that Hawaii was reachable by voyaging canoes from Tahiti able to make the journey and return. This offered a far more complex notion of the cultures of the Pacific Islands than had previously been accepted. Furthermore, he created vivid imagery of Hawaiian culture prior to contact with Europeans, and especially the period of early European influence, that sparked appreciation of a nearly forgotten traditional life. He painted dramatic views of war, exemplified by The Battle at Nuuanu Pali, the potential of conflicts between cultures such as in Cook Entering Kealakekua Bay, where British ships are dwarfed and surrounded by Hawaiian canoes, as well as bucolic quotidian scenes and lush images of a robust ceremonial and spiritual life, that helped arouse a latent pride among Hawaiians during a time of general cultural awakening. Early life and education as an artist
<mask> (kɑh-nay) was born in the community of Marshfield, Minnesota in the United States. His father (also named <mask>) worked in family poi business, and became a paniolo (Hawaiian cowboy), then traveled the US in a Hawaiian band.He later served in the Army and Navy, and had his own practice as a Doctor of Optometry. <mask>.'s grandfather immigrated to Waipio

masks:
Herbert Kawainui Kāne
Kāne
Herbert
Herbert Jr


title: Herb Kawainui Kāne

texts:
 Valley from China and being very industrious, he built the first poi factory in the islands, growing taro and producing poi for market. His mother's family were farmers of Danish ancestry in Wisconsin. Kāne's childhood was divided between Wisconsin and Hawaii. He describes in his book, Voyagers, an early awakening to art. In 1935 he was a barefoot child in Hilo, Hawaii, brought by his mother to the opening of a gallery exhibition of the work of D. Howard Hitchcock. He writes that he was "stunned, confronted with miracles" seeing Hitchcock's work and speaking with him briefly.Hitchcock was the first Hawaiian-born artist to achieve international recognition, and his work focused on unique Hawaiian subject matter, particularly the volcanic eruptions near Hilo. According to his own account, besides this exposure to art and the ongoing encouragement of his parents to pursue his interest in drawing, Kāne's most formative experiences in childhood were in Hawaii, where his father and his family passed along the traditional folk tales of the islands. Kāne served in the United States Navy, qualifying for veteran's educational benefits under the G.I. Bill. After he was discharged, he used those benefits to attend the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, in Chicago, Illinois, earning a bachelor's degree and, in 1953, a master's degree. Under an arrangement between the two schools at the time, his master's degree was awarded by the University of Chicago. Early career

<mask> had his own avertising studio on Chicago's Michigan Avenue, which is known as "The Magnificent Mile."He was a very successful


title: Herb Kawainui Kāne

texts:
 the words of the President of School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Tony Jones, "rewritten the history of the Pacific." Kāne's colleague, Nainoa Thompson, navigator of the Hōkūleʻa, says Kāne was "the visionary, the dreamer, and he was the architect and the engineer.He's the one that carried the burden of building, and constructing, and sailing Hōkūleʻa." Elsewhere, Thompson told an interviewer, "When you look at <mask>'s legacy, it is transforming Hawaii's society because he brought pride and culture and inspiration back, through the canoe....He is the father of the Hawaiian Renaissance." Kāne died on March 8, 2011, the 36th anniversary of the launch of the Hōkūleʻa. Art works
 Daniel Inouye, United States Senator from Hawaii, has been quoted as saying, "When you saw a <mask>e painting, you were energized and motivated to learn about the past. ...His artwork captured both ancient and modern-day Hawaii and help preserve Hawaii's unique culture for future generations." Kāne became one of the most respected figurative painters in Hawaii, with major works on view at the Bishop Museum, the largest museum in the state and the premier natural and cultural history institution in the Pacific. His work has been exhibited at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Puukoholā Heiau National Historic Site, and in the Hawaii State Capitol.His paintings of Polynesian sailing have been widely reproduced, appearing as illustrations in books and articles. Among the first of these were a series of seven paintings commissioned by the National Geographic Magazine and published in the December 1974 issue. His art is

masks:
Herb
Herb Kān


title: Herb Kawainui Kāne

texts:
 characterized by emphasis on realistic and precise draftsmanship when depicting historical scenes, such as his series of voyaging canoe paintings and many other paintings of battles, everyday domestic life, and ceremonial occasions, which are extensively researched. When Kāne turns his imagination to the legends of old Hawaii and the spiritual and mythological side of the Hawaiian culture, his work is more expressionistic, with bold brushwork and vivid colors. His expressionistic style is seen in his painting Pele, Goddess of the Volcano for the Jaggar Museum at Kīlauea, which depicts the supernatural figure with literal fire in her eyes and flowing lava as her hair. <mask> is well known on so many different levels. Most of <mask>'s art was heavily researched, making sure that everything was historically accurate, even when it came to the weather and cloud coverage at that time in history.He had contacts in Washington, DC, and all around the globe who helped him achieve accuracy in his research. His art was not made by someone simply reaching into the imagination. It was created by an achievement of tireless research and this all adds to the value of his paintings. <mask> was the first person to accurately paint Europeans' ships and more. After heavy research in the Maritime Museum in London, <mask> had uncovered ship plans that they never even knew they had! He used these for some of his paintings. <mask> had also designed some large, magnificently woven tapestries that had the breathtaking beauty of his paintings.Site-specific works
Kāne's paintings include several very large canvasses or murals

masks: Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb


title: Herb Kawainui Kāne

texts:
 Voyagers (1991, 2nd edition 2006)

 Ancient Hawaii (1997)

Kāne is illustrator of:

 The Life and Times of John Young: Confidant and Advisor to Kamehameha the Great

 The Power of the Stone: A Hawaiian Ghost Story

 Christmas Time with Eddie Kamae and the Sons of Hawaii (1977 album cover: Hawaii Sons HS-4004)

 Voyagers, The First Hawaiians (film directed and scored by Paul Csige, based on the 1976 book Voyage, The Discovery of Hawaii by <mask>e)

Online interviews include:

 Never Lost: Polynesian Navigation (The Offering)

 Ask the Experts: <mask> Kāne (The Wayfinders: A Pacific Odyssey) Kāne served as a member of the advisory panel for the 1998 independent film, The Wayfinders: A Pacific Odyssey, which was broadcast widely on television stations including those of the U.S. Public Broadcasting System. Honors
 1984—Named a Living Treasure of Hawaii by the Honpa Hongwanji Mission of Honolulu
 1987 —One of 16 chosen as Pookela (Champion) for the Year of the Hawaiian Celebration
 1988–1992 – A founding trustee of the Native Hawaiian Culture & Arts Program, Bishop Museum
 1998 – Awarded Bishop Museum's Charles Reed Bishop Medal
 2002 – Received an award for excellence from The Hawaii Book Publishers Association
 2008 – Awarded an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts by the School of the Art Institute of Chicago

References

External links
Television interview with Nainoa Thompson

Herbert K. Kane Family Trust

1928 births
2011 deaths
Hawaii (island)
Artists from Hawaii
Historians of Hawaii
Hōkūlea
Native Hawaiian writers
Polynesian navigation
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
University of

masks:
Herb Kān
Herb Kawainui


title: Rosario Gambino

texts:
<mask> "Sal" <mask> (; born January 12, 1942) is an Italian mobster in the <mask> crime family. He became nationally known when he and his brothers set up a multimillion dollar heroin cartel during the 1970s and 1980s. At the turn of the century he made headline news again when members of his family were suspected of trying to get him a presidential pardon through bribery. <mask> was born as the middle son of <mask> in Palermo in Sicily on January 12, 1942. Along with his two brothers Giuseppe (Joseph) and Giovanni (John), he became a made man of the Sicilian Mafia. They are distant relatives of <mask> and his son <mask>. The family moved to the United States in 1962.After moving, <mask> started his own family and had four children. Both of his sons, Anthony and Tommaso have been suspected of being mobsters. After <mask>binos also were closely related to the Spatola, Inzerillo, and Di Maggio Mafia families in Sicily. All these families worked closely together to form a trans-Atlantic heroin smuggling operation:

"the Gambino brothers are cousins of the Spatola brothers <mask>, Vincenzo and Antonio, their father, Salvatore, being brother to the Gambino's mother; that Giuseppe Inzerillo married Giuseppa Di Maggio-sister of Calogero, Giuseppe and Salvatore Di Maggio- while Calogero Di Maggio married Dominica Spatola, thus strengthening the kinship between these families." Move to New Jersey
The Gambino family eventually made their way to New Jersey. Although they entered the country illegally in 1962, they were granted permanent residency in 1966.The brothers later joined the Gambino crime family and were made members of the criminal organization in 1975 by Paul Castellano. Older brother Giovanni (who Americanized his name to John) was named a caporegime (captain) in the crime family and <mask> and Giuseppe (who Americanized his name to Joseph) were his top lieutenants. Together the brothers formed a crew known as the "Cherry Hill

masks:
Rosario
Gambino
Gambino
Family Rosario Gambino
Tommaso Gambino
Carlo Gambino
Thomas Gambino
Gambino
Rosarioam
Rosario
Rosario


title: Rosario Gambino

texts:
 Gambinos", named after their city of operation, Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Together <mask> and Joseph ran a chain of restaurants called "Father and Son Pizza". They also ran pizza shops in Philadelphia and Camden, and, with a cousin, pizzerias as far south as Dover, Delaware. The two brothers were also suspects in a string of arsons in the 1980s. Despite his considerable earnings, <mask> reported little money on his income tax return.<mask> owned Sals pizza in Delran, New Jersey. Although no longer there, it's where he met with his underlings now and again wearing suits that made him a stand alone presence. According to government reports:

"one finds a financial picture which is simply not credible. His own attorney was unable to identify his occupation when asked to do so by the court. During the last few years, he has reported moderate amounts of income, approximately $20,000 in his 1982 U. S. Individual Income Tax Return and approximately $21,000 in his 1983 Income Tax Return. Yet he lives in a lavish home which is insured for $150,000 and for which he makes mortgage payments of $1,087.00 each month. Moreover, during the calendar year 1983, he made deposits totaling just under $35,000 in his checking account.He testified that he was unemployed from December 31, 1983, until his arrest on March 16, 1984. Although he allegedly had no source of income, he stated he left untouched the $20,000 in cash he had accumulated from his pizzeria. Still he was able to meet his living expenses, gamble in the casinos and pay $1,697.00 in cash to have fountain lights installed in front of his house during this time period." In 1983, Louis Eppolito – a former New York Police Department (NYPD) detective who worked on behalf of the New York Mafia – was suspected in a corruption case that he had provided NYPD intelligence reports on to <mask>. <mask> was also linked to the Pizza Connection probe, where dealers would sell drugs from pizzerias. Heroin

masks:
Rosario
Rosario
Rosario Gambino
Rosario
Rosario


title: Rosario Gambino

texts:
 trafficking and conviction
Despite an official ban on drug dealing by the American Mafia, the Italian Gambino brothers were heavily involved in international heroin trafficking out of Bensonhurst. The Cherry Hill Gambinos were the ultimate recipients of the heroin that was brought in by the Inzerillo-Gambino-Spatola-Di Maggio clan from Sicily.They smuggled an estimated US$600 million worth of heroin into the U.S. every year. A lot of this money was sent back to Italy to be invested in legitimate businesses. By 1982 the Inzerillo-Gambino-Spatola holdings in Palermo alone were estimated to be worth one billion US dollars. The Gambinos had a close relationship with the Italian banker Michele Sindona. When Sindona got in trouble and was indicted for the bankruptcy of the Franklin National Bank, <mask> procured a false passport and helped to stage a bogus kidnap in August 1979, to conceal a mysterious 11-week trip to Sicily before his scheduled fraud trial. However, Sindona also had put the Mafia's heroin money at risk, due to his financial malpractice. The real purpose of the kidnapping was to issue sparsely disguised blackmail notes to Sindona's past political allies – among them Prime Minister Giulio Andreotti – to engineer the rescue of his banks and recuperate Cosa Nostra's money.The Gambinos accompanied Sindona's attempt to recover the money, but the plans failed and Sindona was arrested, leading to the indictment of the Inzerillo-Spatola-Gambino network. It remains unclear if any of the Mafia money Sindona had lost was recovered. <mask> met Sindona and <mask> upon his return at JFK Airport. In 1980, Giovanni Falcone signed an arrest warrant in Italy for the three brothers on drug trafficking charges. The brothers didn't go back to Italy and the United States did not grant extradition, so they went on trial and were convicted of drug trafficking in absentia. In March 1980, <mask> and his brother Joseph were arrested by American

masks:
John Gambino
Rosario
John Gambino
Rosario


title: Rosario Gambino

texts:
 authorities for alleged participation in an attempt to import 91 pounds of heroin from Milan, Italy. They were both acquitted of those charges.In 1984, <mask> and three others went on trial for narcotics trafficking charges in the United States. <mask> was found guilty of selling heroin to undercover police officers and sentenced to 45 years in prison. He was then sent to Federal Correctional Institution, Terminal Island in Los Angeles to serve his sentence. Pardon attempt
<mask> made headlines again in 2001 when reports surfaced that in 1995 President Bill Clinton's half-brother Roger Clinton, Jr. had allegedly accepted $50,000 and a Rolex watch from <mask>'s children. According to reports, in return Roger said he could guarantee Anna and Tommaso, <mask>'s children, a presidential pardon by President Clinton. In 1995, Roger Clinton unsuccessfully lobbied officials for parole for <mask>. In 1999 when the president was prepared to decide who would be pardoned before his final days in office, <mask>'s name was on the list for consideration.Ultimately, the President did not grant <mask> a pardon. Deportation and release from prison
While in prison <mask> remained in good contact with the Los Angeles crime family members Jimmy Caci and his own son Tommaso. The Italian government attempted to extradite <mask> in 2001, based on an in absentia conviction for drug trafficking. The U.S. District Court in California denied the request because <mask> had already been convicted on similar charges in New York. In 2006, <mask> was released from prison after serving 22 years and then transferred to an immigrant detention center in California to await expulsion to Italy. In September 2007, an immigration judge in Los Angeles cited the United Nations Convention Against Torture in ruling that <mask> should not be deported. The judge found that in Italy, <mask> would probably be locked up in a harsh, life-threatening and life-shortening prison system

masks:
Gambino
Gambino
Rosario Gambino
Gambino
Rosario
Rosario Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino


title: Rosario Gambino

texts:
 designed to compel inmates to reveal information about the Sicilian Mafia (see article 41-bis prison regime).Similar reasoning was used to prevent his brothers from being deported after their criminal convictions. Immigration and Customs Enforcement successfully appealed the ruling. On May 23, 2009, <mask> arrived at Rome's Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport, where he was taken into custody. He was released while his lawyer, Daniele Francesco Lelli, pursued an appeal with the Court of Cassation, Italy’s top criminal court. However, shortly after his release from prison, the Palermo Appeals Court issued an arrest warrant for <mask> on October 27, 2011. He was arrested in a Rome clinic where he had checked in for medical tests. <mask> appealed the conviction and on February 3, 2014, he was acquitted of drug trafficking charges and was freed from prison.In July 2019 <mask> was arrested in coordinated, international police raids triggered by a trans-Atlantic WhatsApp message. Notes

References
Davis, John H. (1993). Mafia Dynasty. The Rise and Fall of the Gambino Crime Family, New York: Harper Collins,
Salter Frank K. (ed.) (2002). Risky transactions: trust, kinship, and ethnicity, New York: Berghahn Books,
Shawcross, Tim & Martin Young (1987).Men Of Honour: The Confessions Of Tommaso Buscetta, Glasgow: Collins
Sterling, Claire (1990), Octopus. How the long reach of the Sicilian Mafia controls the global narcotics trade, New York: Simon & Schuster,
<mask>bino at the New Jersey Casino Control Commission
Roger and Me, Philadelphia Citypaper, September 6–13, 2001
Pizza Parlors: Safehouses for Drug Smugglers in 1985 Report of the Pennsylvania Crime Commission. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=4n0xAAAAIBAJ&sjid=p6UFAAAAIBAJ&dq=rosario%20gambino&pg=2786%2C1911660
sify.com

1942 births
Living people
Gambino crime family
American gangsters of Sicilian descent
Inzerillo-Gambino Mafia clan
Italian emigrants to the United States
Gangsters

masks:
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Gambino
Rosario Gam


title: Arnaldo Momigliano

texts:
<mask> (5 September 1908 – 1 September 1987) was an Italian historian of the Classical antiquity, known for his work in historiography, characterised by Donald Kagan as "the world's leading student of the writing of history in the ancient world". Biography
<mask> was born on 5 September 1908 in Caraglio, Piedmont. In 1936 he became Professor of Roman History at the University of Turin, but as a Jew soon lost his position due to the anti-Jewish Racial Laws enacted by the Fascist regime in 1938, and moved to England, where he remained. After a time at Oxford University, he went to University College London, where he was Professor from 1951 to 1975. He was a Fellow of the Warburg Institute and supervised the PhD of Wolf Liebeschuetz. Momigliano visited regularly at the University of Chicago where he was named Alexander White Professor in the Humanities, and at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. He wrote reviews for The New York Review of Books.In addition to studying the ancient Greek historians and their methods, he also took an interest in modern historians, such as Edward Gibbon, and wrote a number of studies of them. After 1930, Momigliano contributed a number of biographies to the Enciclopedia Italiana; in the 1940s and 1950s he contributed biographies to the Oxford Classical Dictionary and Encyclopædia Britannica. In 1974 he was made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE). A number of his essays were collected into volumes published posthumously. He died on 1 September 1987 in London. Views
In the 1930s, Momigliano joined the National Fascist Party, swore loyalty to

masks:
Arnaldo Dante Momigliano
Momigliano


title: Arnaldo Momigliano

texts:
 1982
 "Premesse per una discussione su Georges Dumézil", Opus 2 (1983): 329–42.English translation: "Introduction to a Discussion of Georges Dumezil", in Studies on Modern Scholarship (see below), pp. 286–301. "Georges Dumézil and the Trifunctional Approach to Roman Civilization", History and Theory 23, no. 3 (1984): 312–20. "Two Types of Universal History: The Cases of E. A. Freeman and Max Weber," The Journal of Modern History Vol. 58, No. 1, March 1986
 On Pagans, Jews and Christians, reprint, Wesleyan University Press, 1987,
 The Classical Foundations of Modern Historiography, University of California Press, 1990,
 Essays on Ancient and Modern Judaism, Editor Silvia Berti, University of Chicago Press, 1994;
 Studies on Modern Scholarship.Edited by G. W. Bowersock & T. J. Cornell. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. "The Rules of the Game in the Study of Ancient History", History and Theory 55, no. 1 (February 2016). References

Further reading

 Bowersock, G. W. "Momigliano's Quest for the Person", History and Theory, Vol. 30, No. 4, Beiheft 30: The Presence of the Historian: Essays in Memory of <mask> Momigliano.(Dec. 1991), pp. 27–36. honorificus: A.D<mask>: Studies on Modern Scholarship (eds. G.W. Bowersock and T.J. Cornell, 1994)
 Christ, Karl. "<mask> <mask> and the History of Historiography", History and Theory, Vol. 30, No.4, Beiheft 30: The Presence of the Historian: Essays in Memory of <mask> <mask>. (Dec. 1991), pp. 5–12. Ginzburg, Carlo. "Momigliano and de Martino", History and Theory, Vol. 30, No. 4, Beiheft 30: The Presence of the Historian: Essays in Memory of <mask>

masks:
Arnaldo
. Momigliano
Arnaldo
Momigliano
Arnaldo
Momigliano
Arnaldo


title: Arnaldo Momigliano

texts:
 <mask>.(Dec. 1991), pp. 37–48. Gould, Rebecca Ruth. "Antiquarianism as Genealogy: <mask> Momigliano’s Method", History & Theory Vol. 53 No. 2 (2014), pp. 212–233.Kagan, Donald, "<mask> Momigliano and the human sources of history", The New Criterion, Vol. 10, No. 7, March 1992. Murray, Oswyn. "<mask> Momigliano, 1908–1987: [Obituary]", The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 77. (1987), pp.xi–xii. Murray, Oswyn. "<mask> Momigliano in England", History and Theory, Vol. 30, No. 4, Beiheft 30: The Presence of the Historian: Essays in Memory of <mask> <mask>. (Dec. 1991), pp. 49–64.Phillips, Mark Salber. "Reconsiderations on History and Antiquarianism: <mask> <mask> and the Historiography of Eighteenth-Century Britain", Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 57, No. 2. (Apr. 1996), pp. 297–316.Weinberg, Joanna. "Where Three Civilizations Meet", History and Theory, Vol. 30, No. 4, Beiheft 30: The Presence of the Historian: Essays in Memory of <mask> Momigliano. (Dec. 1991), pp. 13–26. Italian classical scholars
Italian historians
Jewish historians
Jewish Italian writers
1908 births
1987 deaths
MacArthur Fellows
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Academics of University College London
British Jewish writers
Fellows of the British Academy
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
20th-century Italian Jews
Italian refugees
Jews who immigrated to the United Kingdom to escape Nazism
Scholars of Roman history
20th-century British historians
20th-century British writers
20th-century Italian writers
20th-century male writers
Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa faculty
People from

masks: Momigliano Arnaldo Arnaldo Arnaldo Arnaldo Arnaldo Momigliano Arnaldo Momigliano Arnaldo


title: Cesar Purisima

texts:
<mask> (born 3 April 1960) is a Filipino accountant and financial expert. He was the Secretary of Finance of the Republic of the Philippines under the administration of President Benigno S. Aquino III. He also served as the chair of the Cabinet Economic Development Cluster and member of the Monetary Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. <mask> is a multi-awarded finance minister, recognized 7 times in 6 consecutive years by various international institutions for turning the Philippine economy around and restoring investor confidence. He had previously been Secretary of Trade and Industry and then Secretary of Finance during the term of Aquino's predecessor President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo but resigned amid the latter's involvement in the 2005 "Hello Garci scandal". <mask> is the third longest-serving Finance Secretary in history, behind <mask> and Jaime Hernandez, and is to date, the longest-serving Finance Secretary after the EDSA Revolution of 1986. Background

Education and early career
<mask> earned his bachelor's degree in accountancy at De La Salle University and pursued an MBA with specialisation in international economics, finance, and marketing at the Kellogg School of Management of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, USA.Before his stint in government, <mask>, a Certified Public Accountant, has had extensive work experience in public accounting and finance both in the Philippines and abroad. From 1999 to 2004, he served as chairman and Managing Partner of the country's largest professional services firm Sycip, Gorres, Velayo & Co. (a member firm of Andersen Worldwide until 2002 and presently member firm of Ernst & Young Global). From 2001 to 2002, he was also Area Managing Partner for Asia-Pacific for Assurance and Business Services of Andersen Worldwide, making him the first and only Filipino so far to head the Area practice of a Big 4 accounting firm. In Ernst & Young Global, he was a member of both the Global Executive Board and Global Practice Council. Government service in the Arroyo administration (2004-2005)
In 2004, President Arroyo appointed him

masks:
Cesar Antonio Velasquez Purisima
Purisima
Purisima
Cesar Virata
Purisima
Purisima


title: Cesar Purisima

texts:
 Secretary of Trade and Industry. A year after, he was appointed Secretary of Finance. <mask> held the post for 5 months until his resignation together with nine other Cabinet ministers, a group known as the "Hyatt 10" which include then-Education Secretary Florencio Abad, the late Budget Secretary Emilia Boncodin, and Secretary of Social Welfare and Development Corazon "Dinky" Soliman.Return to the private sector (2005-2010)
Together with members of the Hyatt 10, <mask> founded the International Center for Innovation, Transformation and Excellence in Governance (INCITEGov) as a trustee. INCITEGov engages in democratic politics to secure key changes in governance yielding development gains, and to scale up citizen engagement in politics. <mask> also ventured into various entrepreneurial pursuits. Government service in the Aquino administration (2010-2016)

On 30 June 2010, he returned to the finance portfolio in the cabinet of President Benigno S. Aquino III. With Purisima leading Aquino's economic management team, the Philippine economy has kept a 6-year running growth average of 6.2%, its fastest run in 40 years. Under the Aquino administration, the Philippines has also been enjoying strengthening investor and consumer confidence, upgraded to a notch above investment grade by Standard & Poor's and to investment grade by Moody's, Fitch, the National Information and Credit Evaluation (NICE) Investors Service, and the Japan Credit Rating Agency. With 24 positive credit rating actions since 2010, the Philippines is so far the world's most upgraded sovereign.Increased confidence on the Philippines’ prospects has led to a sixfold jump in foreign direct investments (FDIs), from $1.07 billion in 2010 to $6.20 billion in 2014. Under <mask>'s watch, the Philippines' debt as a percentage to GDP fell to a historic low of 44.8% as of 2015, a 10 percentage point decline from the 54.8% posted in 2009 before the Aquino administration took over with a governance philosophy espousing fiscal responsibility. <mask> was also a key champion of the Sin Tax Reform Law passed in 2013, which as of October

masks: Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima


title: Cesar Purisima

texts: 2015 has already raised an additional P149.5 billion in incremental revenues from excise taxes on the consumption of tobacco and alcohol products, which are then poured into the Aquino administration's universal health care program. As of 2015, the national Philippine government's deficit was contained to a healthy 0.9% of GDP, while tax effort as a percentage of GDP rose from 12.1% in 2010 to 13.7%, achieved through revenue administration reforms and tougher enforcement. <mask> also oversaw a vast expansion of fiscal space, growing government revenues by 75% in 5 years from P1.208 trillion to P2.109 trillion, enabling the education budget of the government to double within the period. The health budget was also tripled, resulting to improvements in health facilities and the expansion of national health insurance coverage to 93.5 of 100 million Filipinos, up from only 47.1 million Filipinos in 2010. The Philippines also hit its infrastructure spending goal matched at 5% of GDP as of 2016, up by more than 4 times since 2010.The social services budget, used to fund the country's successful conditional cash transfer (CCT) program named the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps), has within 5 years shot up by 9 times to cover what is now 4.62 million households. Purisima helped President Aquino achieve a strong fiscal position for the Philippines by cracking down on corruption, plugging revenue leakages, and strengthening tax administration and enforcement capabilities. The Revenue Integrity Protection Service (RIPS), housed within the Department of Finance, has focused on weeding out corrupt agents among the ranks of revenue generating agencies. Since inception in 2003 until end-2015, RIPS has charged a total of 271 personalities, 158 of which came from 2010 to 2015 alone. Successful resolutions of RIPS cases tallied up to 103, 78 of which came from 2010 to 2015 alone. Since 2010, the Run After Tax Evaders (RATE) campaign of the Bureau of Internal Revenue has filed 435 cases as of 5 February 2016, with total estimated tax liabilities of at least P73 billion. The Run After The


title: Cesar Purisima

texts: Smugglers (RATS) program of the Bureau of Customs meanwhile, has filed 210 cases worth P57 billion in dutiable value since 2010.<mask> also advocated for greater transparency in the extractives industry, believing that increased accuracy between government and company-reported revenues would empower the public to better understand how extractives are contributing back to the local communities where they operate. On 24 February 2016, the global Extractives Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI) awarded the Philippines during its conference in Lima, Peru for having exemplified how EITI reports can maximize impact, translating data collected into real governance reforms on the ground. Towards the end of his tenure, <mask> sought to ensure a smooth transition process at the Department of Finance, welcoming his successor former Secretary of Agriculture and of Environment & Natural Resources Carlos G. Dominguez III. In institutionalizing an efficient turnover, Purisima simplified the agency's body of issuances by repealing 3,771 of its 4,323 outdated or incoherent department orders and collapsing 273 outdated committees from its 356 internal and interagency groups. Purisima also turned over a manual of key information and an economic data bank, as well as renovated the 5th and 6th floors of the agency's headquarters for the incoming Secretary's perusal. <mask> and Dominguez both had their teams working closely for a whole month coordinating an orderly transition for the latter to hit the ground running on day one. As Finance Secretary, he is a member of the Monetary Board of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the Governor for the Philippines in the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Governor for the Philippines at the World Bank, and Alternate Governor for the Philippines at the International Monetary Fund.He is also ex-officio Chairman of the Land Bank of the Philippines, the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Philippine Export-Import Credit Agency, the National Power Corporation, the Home Guaranty Corporation, the National Transmission Corporation, and the Power Sector Assets

masks: Purisima Purisima Purisima


title: Cesar Purisima

texts:
 and Liabilities Management Corporation. Chairmanships in international fora
In 2011–2012, <mask> served as Chairman of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Board of Governors, chairing the 45th Annual Meeting of the Board of Governors in May 2012, where the Philippines showed off its hosting chops to the international community, earning the ADB's praise. <mask> was also instrumental in the Philippine hosting of the 23rd World Economic Forum (WEF) on East Asia in 2014. In 2015, while the Philippines hosted the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings, he served as the Chair of the APEC Finance Ministers’ Process (FMP) and shepherded the adoption of the Cebu Action Plan (CAP), the first ever roadmap under the FMP. The Cebu Action Plan is a four-pillar roadmap for a more sustainable financial future for the Asia-Pacific region. Its 4 pillars continue the progress towards the Bogor Goals of free and open trade and investment and consists of: (i) promoting financial integration; (ii) advancing fiscal reforms and transparency; (iii) enhancing financial resilience; and (iv) accelerating infrastructure development and financing. As of 2016, the Peru Chairmanship of the APEC Finance Ministers’ Process (FMP) is focusing on implementing the Cebu Action Plan.In 2015 he also served as Chair of the Vulnerable 20 Group of Finance Ministers under the Climate Vulnerable Forum, which the Philippines chaired that year. <mask> chaired the inaugural meeting of the V20 in Lima, Peru, announcing a series of actions to foster greater investment in climate resiliency and low emissions development both in their home countries and internationally. In its first statement, the group called the response to climate change a "foremost humanitarian priority," with the V20 committing to act collectively to "foster a significant increase" of public and private finance for climate action from wide-ranging sources, including international, regional and domestic mobilization. In the inaugural meeting <mask> chaired, all 20 members agreed to establish a sovereign V20 Climate Risk Pooling mechanism to distribute

masks: Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima


title: Cesar Purisima

texts:
 economic and financial risks, enabling participating economies to improve recovery from climate-induced extreme weather events and disasters and to ensure enhanced security for jobs, livelihoods, businesses and investors. Modeled on similar regional facilities, the trans-regional mechanism would increase access to dependable and cost-efficient insurance while incentivizing scaled-up adaptation. V20 member countries also committed to develop or improve their financial accounting models and methodologies to enhance accounting of climate change costs, risks and response co-benefits in all their forms, while seeking a new international partnership to help realize the group's aims. Personal life
<mask> was born in Davao City to the late Associate Justice of the Supreme Court Fidel <mask> and Fevic Velasquez <mask>, and grew up in General Santos City before moving to Metro Manila.<mask> married Corazon "Corrie" de la Cruz in 2005. Together, they have two young children, a son and a daughter. <mask> and his wife are known breastfeeding advocates. Awards
<mask> was first recognized by London-based financial news source Emerging Markets as 2011 Finance Minister of the Year for Asia for his strong policy track record and steadfast commitment to maintaining economic stability. A year later, he was named 2012 Finance Minister of the Year by business and finance magazine Euromoney for his careful and successful stewardship of the Philippine economy whose growth stood against the challenging global macro-economic backdrop. He was once again the choice of Emerging Markets for 2013 Finance Minister of the Year for Asia for his success in steering an economic policy that has led to upgrades in the Philippines’ credit rating to investment grade. In the same year, he was cited by the international publication The Banker as 2013 Finance Minister of the Year for Asia Pacific for elevating the status of the Philippines in the international community.In 2015, he was awarded Finance Minister of the Year 2014 by FinanceAsia for his leadership in driving the comeback story of the country. In 2016, he was

masks: Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima Purisima


title: Cesar Purisima

texts:
 given a repeat award by FinanceAsia — Finance Minister of the Year 2015 being his second consecutive recognition by the publication —marking the completion of the economic turnaround of the Philippines. In late 2016, he was given his 7th Finance Minister of the Year recognition by Global Markets (formerly Emerging Markets) more than 3 months after stepping down from his post. <mask>'s record of 7 consecutive awards is a first in the history of the Republic of the Philippines. <mask> was the Alumni Merit Awardee for the Kellogg Graduate School of Management in the 2014 Northwestern Alumni University Awards, making him the first Filipino awardee from Kellogg and among the first Filipinos to receive such a distinction from the university. The Republic of France conferred him the Chevalier de l’ Ordre National du Merite (Rank of Knight) in the economic domain in 2001 for bringing together France and the Philippines. He was named Fellow of the Eminent Southeast Asians Programme of the Singapore International Foundation in 2003.In the Philippines, he has been granted the highest awards in accountancy by the Professional Regulation Commission and the Philippine Institute of Certified Public Accountants. <mask> was conferred Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa, by the Angeles University. On 24 June 2016, <mask> was awarded the Order of Lakandula with the rank of Grand Cross (Bayani) by President Aquino for his contributions in driving the Philippine turnaround story. The Order of Lakandula is one of the highest civilian honors conferred by the President of the Republic of the Philippines. The honor is conferred "upon an individual who has devoted his life to the peaceful resolution of conflict; upon an individual whose life is worthy of emulation by the Filipino people." References

1960 births
Living people
People from General Santos
Secretaries of Finance of the Philippines
Secretaries of Trade and Industry of the Philippines
Kellogg School of Management alumni
Benigno Aquino III Administration cabinet members
Arroyo Administration cabinet members
De La Salle University


title: Darren Clarke

texts:
<mask>,  (born 14 August 1968) is a professional golfer from Northern Ireland who currently plays on the PGA Tour Champions and has previously played on the European Tour and PGA Tour. He has won 21 tournaments worldwide on a number of golf's main tours including the European Tour, the PGA Tour, the Sunshine Tour and the Japan Golf Tour. His biggest victory came when he won the 2011 Open Championship at Royal St George's in England, his first major win after more than 20 years and 54 attempts. <mask> has also won two World Golf Championship events, most notably the 2000 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship, when he defeated Tiger Woods in the final. <mask> was ranked in the top-10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 43 weeks between 2000 and 2002. His highest finish on the European Tour money list is second, which he achieved in 1998, 2000 and 2003. <mask> is currently ranked as the seventh highest career money winner on the European Tour.<mask> has represented Ireland as both an amateur and as a professional, notably at the World Cup and Alfred Dunhill Cup, and was a member of five consecutive European Ryder Cup teams between 1997 and 2006. Amateur career
<mask> was born in Dungannon, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland, and in 1987 he played collegiate golf at Wake Forest University in the United States. He was a junior member of Dungannon Golf Club, whose junior section also included three others who are current PGA Golf Professionals: Alistair Cardwell, Barry Hamill and Gary Chambers. <mask> represented his school, Royal School Dungannon, together with Cardwell and Chambers. Professional career

1990–92: Early career
<mask> turned professional in 1990 and played his first full season on the European Tour in 1991. He contested in his first major championship at the 1991 Open Championship, making the cut before finishing in a tie for 64th place. In 1992 <mask> had a solid season on the European Tour, finishing 41st in overall Order of Merit, in doing so

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Darren Christopher Clarke
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title: Darren Clarke

texts:
 achieving his highest finish of his career at the time with a second-place finish at the Honda Open.He finished three strokes behind champion Bernhard Langer. 1993–95: First European Tour win and steady progress
<mask>'s real breakthrough year was in 1993 when he won his maiden European Tour event and played his way to 8th position on the Order of Merit. After a relatively solid but unspectacular first half of the season, <mask>'s form improved greatly during the August–September stretch, achieving four top-10 finishes in four consecutive tournaments. In October 1993, <mask> won his maiden European Tour event at the Alfred Dunhill Open in Belgium. <mask> had the lead after 54 holes and held off the challenge of Englishman Nick Faldo and Vijay Singh, who shot a final-round 64. <mask> prevailed by two strokes. A month later <mask> nearly won his second title at the European Tour's season-ending Volvo Masters, however, he was pipped to the title by Colin Montgomerie who finished one stroke clear.Overall for the season <mask> made 24 out of 30 cuts and finished in the top-10 on seven occasions. The follow-up year in 1994 was another solid season for <mask> on the tour, making 17 of 21 cuts and finishing 37th on the Order of Merit list. <mask> also played in his first U.S. Open although he missed the cut and had his highest finish, at the time, in The Open Championship with a tie for 38th place. In 1995, <mask> had better success, with seven top-10s in 27 events, most notably at the Portuguese Open where he finished second after losing a sudden-death playoff to Adam Hunter on the first extra hole, despite having the joint 54-hole lead. <mask> ended the year 14th on the Order of Merit. 1996–1999: Four more European Tour wins and near miss at 1997 Open
In 1996, <mask> won his second European Tour title at the Linde German Masters by one stroke, shooting a final round 63 to finish 24 under par, one stroke ahead of Englishman Mike Davis. <mask> also recorded his best finish in a

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


title: Darren Clarke

texts:
 major, at that current time, with a tie for 11th place at The Open Championship in 1996.He also equalled his best finish on the Order of Merit, placing in 8th for the season. In May 1997, <mask> finished second at the Volvo PGA Championship, two strokes behind Ian Woosnam. In July 1997, <mask> was in a position to win his first major championship at the 1997 Open Championship at Royal Troon. <mask> held the lead with American Jim Furyk after the first round and then pulled two strokes clear of the field after a 66 in the second round, but a third-round 71 put him two strokes behind leader Jesper Parnevik going into the final day. However, the winner was not to come from the final pairing, as Justin Leonard came storming through the pack with a 65 to beat both <mask> and Parnevik by three strokes. <mask> ended the season 4th on the Order of Merit. In 1998, <mask> made his first appearances at two of the biggest golf events worldwide.He missed the cut on his debut at The Players Championship, but his first visit to Augusta National Golf Club was much more successful, shooting 67–69 on the weekend to finish in a tie for 8th at the Masters Tournament. This remains his highest ever finish at the Masters to date. In May 1998, <mask> won his third career event on the European Tour at the Benson & Hedges International Open by three strokes from Santiago Luna. <mask> then had three more 2nd-place finishes during the season before winning the season-ending Volvo Masters in Spain. His two victories in 1998 helped him to finish in 2nd place on the final 1998 Order of Merit standings behind Colin Montgomerie. <mask> missed only one cut all year, at the Murphy's Irish Open. In 1999, <mask> captured his fifth European Tour win at the Compass Group English Open, finishing two strokes ahead of John Bickerton.He also achieved his highest ever placing at the U.S. Open this year when he finished tied for 10th place. 2000: WGC-Matchplay Championship win and further success
<mask>'s worldwide

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title: Darren Clarke

texts:
 breakthrough came in 2000 when he won his first World Golf Championship event, defeating Tiger Woods in the final 4&3 at the 2000 WGC-Andersen Consulting Match Play Championship at La Costa Resort and Spa. This was <mask>'s biggest victory of his career so far as he netted the $1 million first prize. <mask> had a difficult route through the championship but defeated a host of big name players: Paul Azinger, Mark O'Meara, Thomas Bjørn, Hal Sutton and David Duval before taking on Woods in the final. <mask>'s fine year in 2000 continued when he finished tied for second place in the Volvo PGA Championship and the following week he won his seventh European Tour event at the Compass Group English Open. <mask> also recorded his best finish at the PGA Championship with a tie for 9th place. He also had three 2nd-place finishes in the 2000 season, which included eleven top-10 finishes.He finished 2nd on the Order of Merit and it was his highest ever season in terms of prize money. <mask> earned over €2.7 million for the year. 2001–03: Continued success and second WGC win
The 2001 season saw <mask> finish one place lower on the Order of Merit in 3rd place, although he did manage some notable results on tour during this season. <mask> added to his list of European Tour wins at the Smurfit European Open, which he won by three strokes at The K Club. A couple of weeks later, <mask> produced another fine performance at The Open Championship at Royal Lytham & St Annes, finishing in a tie for 3rd place, four strokes behind the eventual winner David Duval. <mask> then had another notable 3rd-place finish at the WGC-NEC Invitational, earning in excess of €400,000. In 2002, <mask> played on both the European Tour and the PGA Tour.In the buildup to the Masters, <mask> played the Shell Houston Open and finished second behind runaway winner Vijay Singh. He then played on the European Tour in the summer and won his ninth career title at the Compass Group English Open, becoming the first man to


title: Darren Clarke

texts:
 win the tournament three times. In the 2003 WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship, <mask> lost to Peter Lonard at the quarter-final stage. However, <mask> did not have to wait much longer for more WGC success though, when he won his second WGC event at the WGC-NEC Invitational at Firestone Country Club in Akron, Ohio. He finished four strokes ahead of Jonathan Kaye. <mask>'s run of success throughout 2001–2003 saw him miss only three cuts on the European Tour in three years and he finished 2nd on the European Order of Merit for the third time in his career. 2004: First winless season in seven years
<mask> continued his run of good form at the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship in 2004, when he finished third.He lost to Davis Love III in the semi-final on the 21st hole, but beat Stephen Leaney 2-up in the resulting 3rd place playoff match. <mask> also had a good finish at the WGC-American Express Championship, finishing in a tie for 4th place. Despite winning over $2 million in prize money, <mask> did not win an event during the 2004 season on either tour and this was the first time this had happened since 1997. 2005–2007: Loss of form and slump
<mask> played the 2005 season half and half between the European Tour and the PGA Tour. He enjoyed a solid season with many top-10 finishes, but he could not climb the final hurdle of winning an event. The highlights of his year were a 2nd-place finish at the Barclays Scottish Open in Europe and another 2nd place at the MCI Heritage in the United States. With <mask> playing much fewer tournaments on the European Tour he only finished 20th on the Order of Merit compared to his previous success in this category.In 2006, <mask> only managed to record four top-10 placings and finished the year 43rd on the Order of Merit. However, just six weeks after the death of his wife, Heather, he made a big contribution to Europe's Ryder Cup win in 2006 at The K Club in the Ireland. <mask> was one of Ian Woosnam's two wild card picks and he

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


title: Darren Clarke

texts:
 earned three points on the way to victory for Europe, including a 3 & 2 win in his singles match against Zach Johnson. The 2007 season was the worst of <mask>'s professional career. He did not record any top-10 finishes. He withdrew from a number of events in the year and finished 143rd on the Order of Merit list. 2008: Return to form
<mask> ended his winless streak in April 2008 when he won the BMW Asian Open in an emotional victory after a birdie on the 72nd hole to see off Robert-Jan Derksen by one stroke.This was <mask>'s first win in almost five years and the 11th of his career. The win broke the shackles from the slump in form he went through in the previous years and his 12th victory was not far around the corner. <mask> won again in the Netherlands at the KLM Open finishing the tournament four shots ahead of Paul McGinley. <mask> ended his comeback year 13th in the Order of Merit Standings, however he missed out on a place in Nick Faldo's Ryder Cup team, the first time <mask> had done so in over 10 years. 2009–10: Consistent play
The 2009 and 2010 seasons were steady in progress for <mask> as he began to rebuild his form following the successful 2008 season. He only managed to record three top-10 finishes during the whole of 2009, most notably tying for 5th place in the defence of his KLM Open title in the Netherlands. <mask> finished 61st in the Race to Dubai Standings and missed out a place in the season ending finale narrowly by finishing outside the top 60.In 2010, however, he did make into the Dubai Finals after finishing 30th at the end of the year. He was aided by two second-place finishes throughout the season at the Joburg Open behind winner Charl Schwartzel and then at the Barclays Scottish Open ending up three strokes behind Edoardo Molinari. 2011: Open Championship victory
In 2011, <mask> won his first European Tour title since August 2008 with a three-stroke victory over Chris Wood and David Lynn in the Iberdrola Open. After finishing tied for third

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


title: Darren Clarke

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 in the 2001 Open Championship, <mask> did not make the top-10 of any major, until he won his first major championship at the 2011 Open at the age of 42 – his 20th attempt at winning the Claret Jug. <mask> dedicated his victory to his two children and late wife Heather, who lost her battle with breast cancer in 2006: "In terms of what's going through my heart, there's obviously somebody who is watching from up above there, and I know she'd be very proud of me. But I think she'd be more proud of my two boys and them at home watching more than anything else. It's been a long journey to get here".With <mask>'s triumph in The Open at Royal St George's, it was the first time since 1910 where one country (other than the United States) had different golfers win consecutive majors. Rory McIlroy, also of Northern Ireland, captured the 2011 U.S. Open title one month earlier at Congressional Country Club in Bethesda, Maryland. <mask>'s victory at the 2011 Open meant that he became the third major winner from Northern Ireland in 13 months, following Graeme McDowell's win in the 2010 U.S. Open and Rory McIlroy's victory in the 2011 U.S. Open, prompting McIlroy to quip that Northern Ireland was the 'Golf Capital of the World'. PGA Tour Champions
In November 2020, <mask> won the TimberTech Championship in Boca Raton, Florida for his first win on the PGA Tour Champions. It was his first worldwide, since he won The Open Championship in 2011. <mask> collected his second win at the Mitsubishi Electric Championship at Hualalai in Hawaii just 3 months later. In September 2021, <mask> won the Sanford International in a playoff over K. J. Choi and Steve Flesch.Ryder Cup and other team golf
<mask> has represented Ireland as both an amateur and as a professional, most notably at the World Cup and Alfred Dunhill Cup. He was a member of five consecutive European Ryder Cup teams in 1997, 1999, 2002, 2004 and 2006, winning on four occasions and was also appointed a non-playing vice captain by Colin

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title: Darren Clarke

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 Montgomerie in 2010 and by Paul McGinley in 2014. <mask>'s most notable appearance at the Ryder Cup was in 2006, six weeks after the death of his wife Heather. Heather had loved the Ryder Cup and encouraged <mask> to compete in it, so he made himself available for selection. European captain Ian Woosnam chose <mask> as one of his two wild cards, and he contributed three points from three matches to Europe's victory, and was embraced by members of the European and U.S. teams after he finished the tournament. <mask> was named as the 2016 Ryder Cup captain on 18 February 2015. He was selected by a five-man selection panel consisting of the last three Ryder Cup captains: Paul McGinley, José María Olazábal, Colin Montgomerie, another ex-Ryder Cup player David Howell and the European Tour chief executive George O'Grady.Personal life
<mask>'s grandfather Ben played for Portadown, Sheffield United, Exeter City and Carlisle United and earned two amateur caps for the Ireland national football team (1882–1950) in 1934. His father Godfrey played for Glenavon. He met his wife Heather in a nightclub in Portrush, County Antrim, and they married in March 1996. The couple had two sons, Tyrone and Conor, and the family lived at Sunningdale, Berkshire, UK. In 2005 and 2006 he missed several tournaments to care for his wife, who had been diagnosed with both primary breast cancer in December 2001, then, in 2004, with secondary breast cancer. <mask> died on Sunday 13 August 2006 at 39 years of age, in the Royal Marsden Hospital, London. <mask>'s friend Paul McGinley immediately announced his own withdrawal from the PGA Championship starting in Medinah, Illinois.In a statement McGinley said, "Our two families are very much intertwined, obviously me and <mask>, but Heather and (McGinley's wife) Ali were the best of friends and our kids are in the same class at school. So it is a tough time for us all". Following <mask>'s performance at the 2006 Ryder Cup, six weeks after his wife had died, he

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title: Darren Clarke

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 was the favourite to win the 2006 BBC Sports Personality of the Year award, but was runner-up to Zara Phillips. He had previously stated he did not want to win with a sympathy vote after his wife's death. <mask> and his sons moved back to Northern Ireland, making their home in Portrush. <mask> and former Miss Northern Ireland Alison Campbell married on 11 April 2012. On 6 April 2011, <mask> was photographed by Kevin Abosch for The Face of Ireland project.<mask> is a supporter of Liverpool F.C. <mask> was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to golf. Amateur wins
1989 East of Ireland Championship
1990 Spanish International Amateur Championship, Irish Amateur Close Championship, South of Ireland Championship, North of Ireland Amateur Championship

Professional wins (25)

PGA Tour wins (3)

European Tour wins (14)

1Co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour

European Tour playoff record (0–1)

Japan Golf Tour wins (3)

Japan Golf Tour playoff record (0–1)

Sunshine Tour wins (1)

Sunshine Tour playoff record (0–1)

Challenge Tour wins (1)

Other wins (3)
1992 Ulster Professional Championship
1994 Smurfit Irish PGA Championship
2010 Lough Erne Challenge (with Rory McIlroy)

PGA Tour Champions wins (3)

PGA Tour Champions playoff record (1–0)

Major championships

Wins (1)

Results timeline
Results not in chronological order in 2020. CUT = missed the half way cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic

Summary

Most consecutive cuts made – 7 (2000 Masters – 2001 Open Championship)
Longest streak of top-10s – 2 (2000 Open Championship – 2000 PGA)

Results in The Players Championship

CUT = missed the halfway cut
WD = withdrew
"T" indicates a tie for a place

World Golf Championships

Wins (2)

Results timeline

1Cancelled due to 9/11

QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = Tied
WD = Withdrew
NT = No tournament
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC

masks: Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke Clarke


title: Ana Julaton

texts:
<mask> is an American former professional boxer and mixed martial artist. She was the first to win the Women's WBO Super Bantamweight and IBA Super Bantamweight titles. Nicknamed "The Hurricane", she is also one of the quickest boxers ever to win a world title, having fought just five previous professional bouts before winning the IBA Super Bantamweight title. In mixed martial arts, <mask> competed for ONE Fighting Championship and Bellator MMA. <mask> retired from combat sports in March 2018. Boxing career

Early career

<mask> was born in San Francisco, California. Despite her father making her train in martial arts when she was little, she had no interest in boxing whatsoever.It was only while working as a bok-fu instructor, at the West Wind Martial Arts and Boxing School in Berkeley, California, that <mask> was introduced to boxing through a lecture session organized by her now trainer-manager, Angelo Reyes. Amateur career
<mask> made her amateur boxing debut in 2004, managing to win silver in the San Francisco Golden Gloves despite having officially trained for just two weeks. After delivering a good performance at the National Golden Gloves in 2005, <mask> would be taken under the wing of two-division world champion Carina Moreno and trainer Rick Noble, further improving her craft. By 2007, she was ranked second among all female amateur boxers in the US, and took  part in the unsuccessful campaign to include women's boxing in the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Professional career
At this point, <mask> decided to turn pro, and approached veteran trainer Freddie Roach. Impressing Roach with her work ethic — even sparring against male fighters — <mask>

masks:
Luciana Bonifacio Julaton
Julaton
Julaton
Julaton
Julaton
Julaton
Julaton
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Julaton


title: Ana Julaton

texts:
 eventually became part of Roach's large stable of boxers, alongside Filipino boxing legend Manny Pacquiao and former world champion Gerry Peñalosa. She was scheduled to make her pro debut against Hondi Hernandez on the undercard of the Pacquiao-Barrera rematch in October 2007, but her fight was canceled when Hernandez failed to make weight.<mask> instead fought and won against Rita Valentini a month later. This was followed by several other successful fights, culminating in her first title win against Kelsey “The Road Warrior” Jeffries on September 12, 2009 for the vacant International Boxing Association super bantamweight title in women's boxing. Now trained by Nonito Donaire Sr., father of boxer Nonito Donaire Jr., <mask> followed up that win by defeating Donna Biggers and becoming the first female World Boxing Organization Super Bantamweight champion on December 4, 2009. Her next fight was on March 27, 2010, against boxer Lisa Brown for the vacant World Boxing Association junior featherweight title. Mixed martial arts career

ONE Fighting Championship
<mask> signed a contract with ONE Fighting Championship to compete in women's mixed martial arts. She is a black belt in Bok Fu, an aggressive martial arts system that combines the Five Animals style of Kung Fu – Tiger, Crane, Panther, Snake, and Dragon – with Kenpo Karate and Shotokan. She is also a black belt in Taekwondo

<mask> made her debut at ONE FC: Rise of Heroes on May 2, 2014 against Aya-Saeid Saber.She was successful in her debut, winning the fight via TKO in the third round. On August 29, 2014, <mask> suffered her first loss to Ann Osman of Malaysia at ONE FC: Reign of Champions. On December

masks: Julaton Julaton Julaton Julaton Julaton


title: Ana Julaton

texts:
 5, 2014, <mask> defeated Walaa Abbas of Egypt in ONE FC: Warrior's Way at the Mall of Asia Arena in the Philippines. <mask> improved her mixed martial arts record to 2–1. On December 11, 2015, <mask> lost to Irina Mazepa of Russia at ONE Championship: Spirit of Champions. It would be her last fight in ONE. Bellator MMA
In September 2017 it was announced <mask> was signed to Bellator MMA.<mask> faced Lisa Blaine at Bellator 185 on October 20, 2017. She lost the fight via split decision. <mask> faced Heather Hardy on February 16, 2018 at Bellator 194. She lost the fight via unanimous decision. She retired from mixed martial arts and combat sports the following month with an MMA record of 2–4. Achievements

Professional career
2009
WBO Super Bantamweight World Champion
IBA Super Bantamweight World Champion

Amateur Record
2007
Rank No. 2, United States Nationwide Rankings
Silver Medalist, United States Championship
Gold Medalist, San Francisco Championship
2006
Champion, National Diamond Belt
California State Champion
Champion, San Francisco Golden Gloves
Rank No, .5 Quarter-finalist, United States Championship
Silver Medalist, Nor Cal Championship
2005
Rank No. 6, United States Nationwide Rankings
Bronze Medalist, National Golden Gloves
Champion, San Francisco Diamond Belt
Best Fight of the Tournament and Quarter-finalist, National PAL Championships
Silver Medalist, San Francisco Golden Gloves
Quarter-finalist, United States Championship
Silver Medalist, Nor Cal Championship
2004
Silver Medalist, San Francisco Golden Gloves

Professional boxing record

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="8"|14 Wins (2 knockouts, 12 decisions),  4 Loss, 3 Draws
|-

masks:
Ana
Julaton
Julaton
Ana Julaton
Julaton
Julaton


title: Ana Julaton

texts:
 style="text-align:center; background:#e3e3e3;"
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Res. Accessed March 3, 2010. Promising Prospect: <mask> – 15Rounds.com. Accessed March 3, 2010. <mask> scores upset to win IBA title – Inquirer.net. Accessed March 3, 2010.<mask> – BoxRec.com. Accessed March 3, 2010. <mask> debuts as prof in Pacquiao-Barrera rematch – GMANews.TV. Accessed March 3, 2010. <mask> wins the WBO Women’s world title! - FightFan.com. Accessed March 3, 2010.<mask> awaits Donaire Sr.'s arrival – Philboxing.net. Accessed March 3, 2010. Year of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Sportspeople from San Francisco
American women boxers
American sportspeople of Filipino descent
Boxers from San Francisco
American female mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from California
Mixed martial artists utilizing American Kenpo
Mixed martial artists utilizing Shotokan
Mixed martial artists utilizing taekwondo
Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing
Bantamweight mixed martial artists
American female karateka
American female taekwondo practitioners
American eskrimadors
American mixed martial artists of Filipino descent
Flyweight mixed martial artists
American people of Ilocano descent
21st-century American

masks:
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton
Ana Julaton


title: Alexander Cadogan

texts:
Sir <mask>  (25 November 1884 – 9 July 1968) was a British diplomat and civil servant. He was Permanent Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs from 1938 to 1946. His long tenure of the Permanent Secretary's office makes him one of the central figures of British policy before and during the Second World War. His diaries are a source of great value and give a sharp sense of the man and his life. Like most senior officials at the Foreign Office, he was bitterly critical of the appeasement policies of the 1930s but admitted that until British rearmament was better advanced, there were few other options. In particular, he stressed that without an American commitment to joint defence against Japan, Britain would be torn between the eastern and western spheres. Conflict with Germany would automatically expose Britain's Asian Empire to Japanese aggression.Background and education
<mask> was brought up in a distinguished and wealthy aristocratic family as the seventh son and youngest child of <mask>, 5th Earl <mask>, and his first wife Lady Beatrix Jane Craven, daughter of William Craven, 2nd Earl of Craven. He was the brother of <mask>, Viscount Chelsea, <mask>, 6th Earl <mask>, <mask>, and Sir Edward <mask>. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford, where he read History. Early Foreign Service career
Cadogan had a distinguished career in the Diplomatic Service, serving from 1908 to 1950. His first posting was to Constantinople, where he "spent two happy years learning the craft of diplomacy and playing upon the head of Chancery a series of ingenious practical jokes." <mask>'s second posting was in Vienna, and during the First World War, he served in the Foreign Office in London. At the end of the First World War, he

masks:
Alexander Montagu George Cadogan
Cadogan
George Cadogan
Cadogan
Henry Cadogan
Gerald Cadogan
Cadogan
William Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan


title: Alexander Cadogan

texts: served at the Versailles Peace Conference.In 1923, he became the head of the League of Nations section of the Foreign Office and remained quite optimistic about the prospects for the League. He was less confident about the prospects of success for the Disarmament Conference in Geneva and became quite frustrated at the lack of trust necessary for joint disarmament. Performing this work, he developed an appreciation for his colleague and superior, Anthony Eden. Cadogan found him agreeable, and in a 1933 letter to his wife, he wrote, "He seems to me to have a very good idea of what is right and what is wrong, and if he thinks a thing is right he goes all out for it, hard, and if he thinks a thing is wrong, ten million wild hordes won't make him do it." Eden returned the admiration, writing that Cadogan "carried out his thankless task with a rare blend of intelligence, sensibility, and patience." In 1933, with Adolf Hitler in power and the fate of the Disarmament Conference clear, Cadogan accepted a posting at the British legation in Peking. The family arrived in 1934, after the Nationalist government had evacuated Beijing because of troubles with Japan.He met with Chiang Kai-shek and attempted to persuade him of Britain's support. Despite the lack of a real Chinese government, <mask> did his best but lacked support from the Foreign Office. In 1935, after his recommendation to extend a loan to the Republic of China was again denied, he wrote that "with all their protestations that they mean to 'stay in China', they do nothing. And 'staying' will cost them something in money or effort or risk. The Chinese are becoming sick of us. And there is no use my 'keeping in touch' with them if I never can give them an encouragement


title: Alexander Cadogan

texts:
 at all". In 1936, Cadogan received a request from the newly appointed Secretary of State, Anthony Eden, offering him the post of joint Deputy Under-Secretary.He regretted leaving China so suddenly but took up the offer and returned to London. Things there had grown much worse since his departure. Fascist Italy had attacked Abyssinia and Nazi Germany had reoccupied the Rhineland. Assessing the situation, Cadogan advised a revision of the more vindictive elements of the Treaty of Versailles, "which was really more in the nature of an armistice." However, this suggestion was not taken up by Sir Robert Vansittart or Eden. It was felt that modifying the Treaty would only increase Germany's ambitions. Cadogan disagreed and wrote in his diary: "I believe that, so long as she is allowed to nurse her resentment to her bosom, her claims increase with her armaments."He wanted to engage Germany in an effort to get German grievances set down on paper and was not as troubled by his colleagues about the possibility of German domination of Central Europe. <mask> grew impatient with the lack of strategic direction in the Foreign Office. He complained, "It can't be said that our 'policy' so far has been successful. In fact we haven't got a policy; we merely wait to see what will happen to us next". Permanent Under-Secretary
In 1938, <mask> replaced Robert Vansittart as Permanent Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office. He considered his predecessor's style to be emotional and disordered compared to <mask>'s terse and efficient manner. There were, however, no significant divergences in policy although Vansittart's detestation of the dictators was more publicly known.Cadogan served in this capacity from 1938 to 1946 and represented

masks: Cadogan Cadogan Cadogan


title: Alexander Cadogan

texts: Britain at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in 1944, where he became well acquainted with Edward Stettinius and Andrei Gromyko. His work there was greatly respected. Winston Churchill told Parliament, "His Majesty's Government could have had no abler representative that Sir <mask> and there is no doubt that a most valuable task has been discharged." In preparation for the Yalta Conference, Cadogan expended a great deal of effort attempting to bring the "London Poles" under Stanislaw Mikolajczyk around to the idea of losing their eastern territories to the Soviet Union. After 22,000 Polish officers and intellectuals were shot by the Soviet Red Army in the Katyn massacre, <mask> wrote in his diary on 18 June 1943 that "years before Katyn the Soviet Government made a habit of butchering their own citizens by the 10,000s, and if we could fling ourselves into their arms in 1941, I don't know that Katyn makes our position more delicate. The blood of Russians cries as loud to heaven as that of Poles. But it's very nasty.How can Poles ever live amicably alongside Russians, and how can we discuss with Russians execution of German 'war criminals', when we have condoned this?" He was also involved in discussions about the composition of provisional governments in Yugoslavia and Greece. <mask> then accompanied the British delegation to the Yalta Conference in 1945. David Dilks, the editor of his published diaries, notes, "He looked on Yalta much as he had looked at Munich. Both agreements entailed serious injury to the rights of states which could not defend themselves against large and predatory neighbours; both reflected the military and geographical facts; neither was a matter for pride or for fierce self-reproach, since it

masks:
Alexander Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan


title: Alexander Cadogan

texts:
 hardly lay in British power at the material time to do other; both looked better on signature than in the hard after-light." <mask> wrote in his diary in January 1944: "They [the Soviet diplomats] are the most stinking creepy set of Jews I've ever come across." At the same time, he defended the Yalta Conference as relatively successful, writing “We have got an agreement on Poland which may heal differences, for some time at least, and assure some degree of independence for the Poles.”

United Nations

At the end of the war <mask> had hoped for the Washington embassy but it went to another capable career diplomat, Sir Archibald Clark Kerr.Instead, it is probably his experience with the League of Nations and his prominent role at Dumbarton Oaks that made Clement Attlee appoint <mask> the first Permanent Representative of the United Kingdom to the United Nations. He served in this capacity from 1946 to 1950. During his time at the UN, as David Dilks points out, "British diplomacy had to be conducted from a precarious position of over-commitment and economic instability." <mask> expressed great frustration with the inflexibility of his Soviet counterparts, who were forbidden from mixing with other delegations or informal exchanges of views. At one point, he asked himself, "How can ten men discuss with a ventriloquist's doll?" He saw many parallels between Soviet actions at the beginning of the Cold War and those of the Germans on the eve of the Second World War. He remarked to Winston Churchill, "What forces itself on one's attention is the degree to which everything favours the evildoer, if he is blatant enough.Any honest Government fights (in peacetime) with two hands tied behind its back. The brilliant blatancy of the

masks: Cadogan Cadogan Cadogan Cadogan


title: Alexander Cadogan

texts:
 Russians is something that we can admire but cannot emulate. It gives them a great advantage." Although he was never celebrated as a public figure, <mask> enjoyed great prestige within diplomatic circles. He was widely respected for his ability, character and experience. He and his wife cultivated a large and varied number of friends by entertaining at their Long Island home, Hillandale. Later life
In 1952, <mask> was made Chairman of Board of Governors of the BBC by Winston Churchill, who had returned to office the previous year.When <mask> expressed his concern that he lacked appropriate qualifications, Churchill replied, "There are no qualifications. All you have to do is to be fair". <mask> added, "And sensible, I suppose". Churchill nodded. On his appointment, he confessed that he had never seen a BBC Television programme and that what he had seen of American television, he disliked. He served until 1957. In the last decade of his life, <mask> gradually shed his commitments and devoted more time to his late-blooming interest in art.Honours
Cadogan was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1939, a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in 1941, admitted to the Privy Council in 1946 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1951. Family

<mask> married Lady Theodosia Acheson, daughter of Archibald Acheson, 4th Earl of Gosford, in 1912. They had a son and three daughters. He died in July 1968, aged 83. Lady Theodosia Cadogan died in October 1977. References

External links

Papers of <mask> held at Churchill Archives Centre

1884 births
1968 deaths
Permanent Representatives of the United Kingdom to the United Nations
BBC Governors
Chairmen of the BBC
Members of HM Diplomatic

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Cadogan
Cadogan
Cadogan
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Cadogan
Cadogan
Alexander Cadogan


title: Corinne Diacre

texts:
<mask> (born 4 August 1974) is a French professional football manager and former player who played as a defender. She played her entire club career with Soyaux in the Division 1. She was also an international player with the France national team from 1993 to 2005, captaining the team for much of that period. In August 2014, she became the first woman to coach a men's professional football team (Clermont) in a competitive match in France. Diacre continued to manage Clermont for three seasons until taking up the position as head coach of the French women's national team. <mask>’s tenure with France has notably been marred with controversies. Playing career

Club
Diacre joined amateur club ASJ Soyaux in 1988, and quickly stood out for her strong character.She remained with Soyaux throughout her entire career. Prior to her final 2006-07 season, she received many proposals from American clubs, but stayed in France. In October 2006, she was injured during a match between Soyaux and Montpellier, suffering from an ACL tear in her right knee. This injury ended her footballing career at the age of 32. During her career 19-year-long career, she played around 350 D1 matches, which was a record at the time. She has since been overtaken by Sandrine Soubeyrand, Gaëtane Thiney and Camille Abily. International
Diacre began her French national team career at the age of 18, debuting for the team on March 9, 1993.She was given captaincy a few years after her debut. Diacre then went on to represent France in the 1997, 2001 and 2005 European Championships, serving as the team's captain. Diacre scored the goal against England that qualified France for the 2003 World Cup, where they were eliminated in the first round. In August 2005, Diacre retired from the France national team at the age of 31, finishing her career with 121 national team caps. Coaching career
Diacre previously

masks:
Corinne Catherine Diacre
Diacre


title: Corinne Diacre

texts:
 served as ASJ Soyaux's manager and the French national team's assistant manager. In June 2014, French men's professional club, Clermont Foot, appointed her as the replacement for head coach Helena Costa. On 4 August, her 40th birthday, she became the first woman to manage in the top two tiers of a men's European League, in a 2–1 Ligue 2 loss at Brest.After three full seasons all in Ligue 2, on 30 August 2017 <mask> left Clermont to become the manager of France's women's national team. She succeeded Olivier Echouafni and became the first woman in the role since January 2007. At the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, hosted by France, Diacre had the goal by the French Football Federation of reaching the final, despite the draw meaning that they would likely face favourites the United States in the quarter-finals. Despite a 2–1 loss at that stage to that team, Diacre said that she would remain in the job for the duration of her long-term contract. Controversies
Diacre generated controversy with her list of call-ups for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup, with notable absences including Kheira Hamraoui and Marie-Antoinette Katoto. The absence of the latter Katoto garnered the most controversy, as she was the French league’s top scorer in the previous season. France exited the tournament in the quarterfinals to the United States, the eventual winners of the tournament.Later in the year, United States player and quarterfinal goalscorer Megan Rapinoe questioned Diacre’s tactics in the match, and suggested the team have a change in management. On the morning of the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup Final, Diacre gave an interview with Téléfoot where she criticized Eugénie Le Sommer’s play during the quarterfinal match against the USA, alleging that Le Sommer ignored Diacre’s tactics and strayed too far to the left. Diacre’s comments were put into question by Olympique Lyonnais


title: Henry Friendly

texts:
<mask> (July 3, 1903 – March 11, 1986) was an American lawyer and jurist best known for his tenure as a circuit judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Education and career

Born in Elmira, New York, <mask> received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from Harvard College in 1923. He received a Bachelor of Laws from Harvard Law School in 1927. On June 23, 1927, The Harvard Crimson reported that <mask> was the first Harvard Law graduate to receive a degree summa cum laude. Felix Frankfurter, as a professor at Harvard Law School, sent his student <mask> to work as a law clerk for Justice Louis Brandeis of the United States Supreme Court, where he served from 1927 to 1928. He was in practice of law in New York City, New York from 1928 to 1959. He was a founding partner of Cleary Gottlieb Steen & Hamilton LLP, where his law partners included George W. Ball and Melvin Steen.He was vice president and general counsel of Pan American World Airways in New York City from 1946 to 1959. Federal judicial service

<mask> was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on March 10, 1959, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Harold Medina. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 9, 1959, and received his commission on September 10, 1959. He served as chief judge and as a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1971 to 1973. He assumed senior status on April 15, 1974. He was a judge of the Special Railroad Court from 1974 to 1986, serving as presiding judge from 1974 to 1986. His service was terminated on March 11, 1986, due to his death.Death
<mask> died by suicide at age 82 on March 11, 1986, in his Park Avenue apartment in New York City. Police said they found five notes in the apartment, one addressed to his resident maid and two unaddressed notes and two with drawings of his favorite childhood character. In all three notes, <mask> talked about his distress at

masks:
Henry Jacob Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly
Friendly


title: Henry Friendly

texts:
 his wife's death, his declining health and his failing eyesight, according to a police spokesman. His wife, the former Sophie M. Stern, had died a year earlier. They had been married for 55 years. He was survived by a son and two daughters. Legacy

In a ceremony following <mask>'s death, then-Chief Justice of the United States Warren E. Burger said, "In my 30 years on the bench, I have never known a judge more qualified to sit on the Supreme Court."At the same ceremony, Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall called <mask> "a man of the law." In a letter to the editor of The New York Times following <mask>'s obituary, 2nd Circuit Judge Jon O. Newman called <mask> "quite simply the pre-eminent appellate judge of his era" who "authored the definitive opinions for the nation in each area of the law that he had occasion to consider." In a statement after <mask>'s death, Judge Wilfred Feinberg, the 2nd Circuit's chief judge at the time, called <mask> "one of the greatest Federal judges in the history of the Federal bench." United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit Judge Richard A. Posner described <mask> as "the most distinguished judge in this country during his years on the bench." Sterling Yale Law Professor Akhil Amar called him the greatest American judge (although not Justice) of the 20th century. Amar also cited <mask> as a major influence on Chief Justice John Roberts. Honors

Harvard Law School has a professorship named after <mask>.Paul C. Weiler, a Canadian constitutional law scholar, held it from 1993 to 2006; William J. Stuntz, a scholar of criminal law and procedure, held it from 2006 until his death in March 2011. The professorship is currently held by Carol S. Steiker, a specialist in criminal justice policy and capital punishment. The Federal Bar Council awarded <mask> a Certificate of Distinguished Judicial Service posthumously in 1986. The American Law Institute has an award named in memory of <mask> and endowed by his former law

masks: Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly Friendly


title: Joe Saunders (politician)

texts:
<mask> (born April 12, 1983) is an American community activist and politician. He was a Democratic member of the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 49th District, including northern Orange County and the main campus of the University of Central Florida, from 2012 to 2014. <mask> was born in Fort Lauderdale and attended the University of Central Florida, from which he graduated with a degree in political science in 2005. While in his undergraduate career, he was active on campus, serving as the President of the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Student Union and the co-chair of the UCF Progressive Council. Upon graduation, <mask> took a job as a field organizer with Equality Florida, an LGBT rights organizations. From 2005 - 2015 <mask> held senior level positions at the organization including Statewide Field Director, Director of Civic Engagement and program director of Equality Means Business, the country's first state-level corporate equality coalition. Florida House of Representatives
Following the reconfiguration of state legislative districts in 2012, the 49th District was created, centered around the University of Central Florida campus, and <mask> ran in the open seat.In the Democratic primary, he easily defeated Shayan Elahi, winning the nomination of his party with 65% of the vote. Advancing to the general election, <mask> faced Marco Peña, a development officer for Florida Hospital and the Republican nominee. During the campaign, the Republican Party of Florida targeted the district, referring to <mask> as "Special Interest <mask>" due to his work with Equality Florida and claiming that he was "new to the neighborhood," to which <mask> responded by noting that "he has lived in Orlando for more than a decade and attended UCF at the same time as Peña." The Orlando Sentinel endorsed Peña over <mask>, noting that voters had to choose between "two smart, successful candidates" and praising <mask> as a candidate who "knows state issues and has good ideas about many of them," but eventually recommending Peña. In the end,

masks:
Joe Saunders
History Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders
Joe
Saunders
Saunders
Saunders


title: Joe Saunders (politician)

texts:
 <mask> defeated Peña by a fairly wide margin, winning his first term in the legislature with 56% of the vote. Along with fellow State Representative David Richardson, <mask> is the first openly gay member of the Florida state legislature. As a freshman legislator, in 2012 <mask> was tapped to serve in leadership as a Deputy Whip for the House Democratic Caucus.In 2013 <mask> achieved an additional milestone when Democratic leadership selected him to serve as the ranking Democratic member of the House Choice and Innovation Education Subcommittee - the only freshman Democrat to serve as a ranking committee leader in the 2012-2014 term. In his first and only term, <mask> would emerge as a leading advocate for public education and a harsh critic of policies that divert public school dollars into private or for-profit schools like vouchers and charter schools <mask> would eventually receive numerous awards and recognitions for his work in early childhood education, K-12 education and higher education policy including leadership awards from the Florida Alliance for Arts Education, a "Freshman Lawmaker of the Year" award from the Florida Education Association and the 2014 Leadership Award from the Florida Association of Early Learning Coalitions for his work to update the health and safety standards of early childhood education providers. 2014 election
In November 2014, Democrats suffered a wave of losses in Central Florida. In a surprise upset, <mask> was narrowly defeated in his reelection campaign by Republican activist and local high school track Rene "Coach P" Plasencia. Plasencia earned 19,119 votes to 18,405 for <mask>, taking the seat by a 714-vote margin and 51% of the voting electorate. Post-office
In December 2014, <mask> joined the staff of the Human Rights Campaign, the country's largest LGBTQ rights group, as the Southern Regional Field Director. In this role, he managed the legislative and electoral programs in 14 Southern and Midwest states.In 2016, politicians in North Carolina's state capitol passed the notoriously

masks: Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders Saunders