title: Kenshiro Abbe

texts: his mother and his sister Toyoka so that he could attend Busen, training in both the judo and kendo programmes. Abbe learned kendo under the direction of Busen's head sword instructor, Kinnosuke Ogawa, a master who held the rank of 10th dan.He recalled that his instructor, at the age of 75 years, was so skilled that he could not be touched by any of the students or younger instructors. Every Saturday afternoon at Busen, following tradition, judo tournaments were held. <mask> fought five opponents in succession with each contest lasting five minutes, and he won all or almost all of these matches. In his first year at Busen, he was promoted to 4th dan in judo. In the autumn of his second year there, he was promoted to 5th dan, by which time he was reported to have been fighting 20 opponents in succession. In May 1935, <mask> competed in the 5th dan division championship and defeated Masahiko Kimura. This match was one of only four professional career losses for Kimura, who was already well known as one of the best judo competitors in Japan, and would later gain further fame for defeating Hélio Gracie of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu.According to biographers Keith Morgan and Henry Ellis, Kimura was heard to remark after the match that fighting Abbe was "like fighting a shadow." Abbe was listed at 5' 5" (168 cm) in height and 156 lb. (71 kg) in weight at the time; Kimura was only an inch taller, but much heavier at 187 lb. (85 kg). Two years later, during which time Kimura trained hard, he sought Abbe out at the Kodokan and soundly defeated him in a 20-minute

masks: Abbe Abbe


title: Kenshiro Abbe

type: original

texts:
 give the following account of their first meeting:

It was during a train journey in Japan that Abbe first met Ueshiba. Abbe didn't know who he was and he reacted to Ueshiba looking at him, saying: "What are you staring at, old man?" Ueshiba replied: "I know who you are," to which Abbe modestly retorted: "Everyone knows me, I am <mask> <mask>, Champion of All Japan." Ueshiba then introduced himself as the Founder of Aikido, and was told by Abbe that he didn't look strong enough to be a martial arts master.Ueshiba then offered Abbe his little finger, and said: "But young man, you look very strong indeed. Please break my finger." Abbe at first declined, but eventually accepted the challenge, presumably to shut the old man up. Abbe claimed that, as he took hold of the old man's finger and tried to break it, he found himself on the floor of the carriage and totally immobilised. Whilst on the floor Abbe asked Ueshiba for permission to study under him. Morgan and Ellis (2006) give a slightly different account:

While travelling on a train Abbe noticed an older man staring at him who then asked if he was a 5th Dan Judo. Abbe replied “Why yes, how did you know that?” “Because you have the build of a 5th Dan.So who are you?“ <mask> replied: “Everyone knows who I am, I am <mask> Abbe, Judo champion of all Japan! “ Yes, I can see that,“ the old man replied. The old man continued to talk to Kenshiro much to his annoyance as he wanted to get some sleep. Eventually, the old man put a finger in <mask>’s face, “You are so powerful, break my finger!” Kenshiro was only

masks: Kenshiro Abbe Kenshiro Kenshiro Kenshiro


title: Kenshiro Abbe

texts:
 too happy to oblige. He took the finger, expecting to snap it like a twig, and wham! He found himself on the carriage floor under the full control of the old man. The old man allowed Kenshiro to get back into his seat.“Who are you?” <mask> <mask> asked. “I am Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of Aikido.” <mask> <mask> was astounded at the technique of the old man and requested that he become his student. Abbe studied aikido under Ueshiba for 10 years, eventually reaching the rank of 6th dan in that art. During this period, the Abbes had two daughters: Junko and Noriko. In 1945, the Butoku Kai promoted Abbe to 7th dan in judo and 6th dan in kendo. Following the end of World War II, however, the Butoku Kai and Busen were both closed down. Abbe took up the position of a judo teacher for the Kyoto Prefectural Police Department.He became Chief Instructor of judo for the Kyoto police, and also taught at Doshisha University in that city. After the Abbes had a third daughter, Yayoi, Abbe resigned from the Kyoto police. During this period, he felt that judo in Japan was declining, and ended his association with the Kodokan in the 1950s. Europe

In 1955, Abbe travelled to the United Kingdom. He went at the invitation of the London Judo Society (LJS), and was the first master to teach aikido in the UK. That year, he demonstrated aikido at the LJS and at the Royal Albert Hall in London. Abbe came to experience two problems at the LJS: first, he felt that the students there were more concerned with competition than his theories, and second, he felt that the students

masks: Kenshiro Abbe Kenshiro Abbe


title: Kenshiro Abbe

texts:
 did not treat him with the appropriate respect for someone of his rank and experience in the martial arts.According to the International Budo Council (IBC), he founded the IBC in 1955. Abbe proceeded to teach aikido at his own dojo (training hall), affectionately known as 'The Hut,' which was located behind a pub in Hillingdon, London. Training was rigorous and, due to Abbe's poor command of English, he would often make corrections by using a shinai (practice sword) to hit the body part that was out of place; Ellis recalled that Abbe would say, "My English is poor but my shinai speaks fluently." Abbe's approach to self-defence matched his no-nonsense approach to training, and was demonstrated when three youths tried to rob him one evening. Geoff Thomson (1998) wrote:

He was walking down a quiet suburban street on his way home after his usual evening teaching session. He noticed three youths hovering several yards away on the opposite side of the street. When they approached him he was ready."Give us your money, or you'll get hurt" said the leader of the three. <mask> looked at each one in turn, then casually took his wallet out of his jacket pocket, throwing it on the floor between himself and the antagonists. He pointed to the wallet and said, "I am prepared to die for that wallet, what about you?" The three would-be attackers looked at the wallet on the floor, then at <mask> and then at each other and then moved away. Abbe picked up his wallet and calmly walked home. Speaking about the incident, Ellis said, "Not a lot of love and harmony from Abbe


title: Kenshiro Abbe

texts: sensei, simply an attitude and language these thugs understood." In 1958, Abbe founded the British Judo Council (BJC), and he went on to establish the British Aikido Council, British Karate Council, British Kendo Council, and British Kyudo Council.At this stage, he was travelling extensively through the UK and Europe, and also invited Japanese martial art masters to teach in the UK; these included Mitsusuke Harada (Shotokan karate) and Tadashi Abe (aikido). During this period, <mask>'s family remained in Japan. Robinson (2007) wrote, "[he] did invite his family to live with him in London however they refused, apparently not at all attracted by the life style that Kenshiro offered them in England." Abbe was involved in a car accident in 1960 which left him with severe neck injuries that had lasting effects on his health. While the precise date is unclear, Abbe had been promoted to 8th dan by late 1960. Independent sources from the late 1960s include this rank with his name. In addition to his ranks in judo, aikido, and kendo, he held the rank of 5th dan in karate and dan ranks in kyūdō and jūkendō.British professional wrestler Peter Thornley, best known as the original masked version of Kendo Nagasaki, has reported that in the early 1960s Abbe trained him in judo and kendo and that the samurai sword he used in character as Nagasaki was a personal gift from Abbe. In 1964, Abbe returned to Japan for the Summer Olympics in Tokyo. While in his homeland, he met with Ueshiba, updated him on the progress of aikido in the UK, and asked him to send another


title: Kenshiro Abbe

texts:
 instructor to the UK to continue teaching the art. In 1966, Ueshiba sent Kazuo (T. K.) Chiba to the UK to continue the work Abbe had begun. Henry O'Tani (2009) has stated that during Abbe's absence from the UK, a dismissed BJC senior executive and several senior instructors misappropriated his financial and organisational resources and set up their own BJC group. In 1969, Abbe returned to the UK, but was distraught by the situation with this group that he had not authorised. When he asked former colleagues to help him rebuild the organisation, they refused; he subsequently left the UK, never to return.Later life
There are contradictory accounts of Abbe's last years in Japan. Morgan and Ellis (2006) state that he lived with his family for the remainder of his life, while Cavalcanti (2004) and Bagot (2007) claim that there were problems and that he ended up living apart from his family. Sources appear to agree, however, that Abbe was in poor spirits and poor health towards the end of his life. He suffered a stroke on 17 November 1985, and was hospitalised. Abbe died on 1 December 1985 in Japan. According to at least two sources, he had chosen to donate his body for medical education at Saitama University, so it was not immediately laid to rest. Abbe's funeral was held on 10 June 1986 at Zuiganji Temple, located south of Mount Bizan in Tokushima, and he was buried or commemorated at the family grave there.Robinson (2007) wrote, "<mask> was the master who introduced Kendo, Aikido, Karate, Kyodo, Jukendo, Iaido, Yarido and Naginatado to Europe yet he died


title: Kenshiro Abbe

texts:
 almost totally alone and forgotten by most." See also
 Gunji Koizumi
 List of aikidoka
 List of judoka

Notes

a. The Japanese surname "Abbe" is more typically written in English as "Abe." With regard to <mask> <mask>, however, he himself and most sources use "Abbe." Most sources give 1915 and 1985 as Abbe's years of birth and death, but some sources give slightly different years (e.g., born in 1916 or died in 1989). b. Translation of Japanese names into English is not always consistent; where more than one English version exists, this article uses the more common version, if known.'c.' Differing accounts exist regarding the organisations that Abbe founded. The people involved, the roles of these people, and the years of establishment vary depending on the source. d.  The British Judo Council's founding year is most commonly given as 1958, which includes a BJC source, but other sources have given 1956 or 1969. Some sources mention <mask> alone in the founding role, while others also mention Masutaro Otani or Bill Woods. At least two sources indicate that Otani founded his own judo school and that this organisation and the BJC merged in 1970.

e.  According to different sources, Abbe returned to the UK in either 1969 or 1967. References

External links
 British Judo Council
 International Budo Council
 Kenshiro Abbe Sensei Tribute Website
 Kodokan Judo Institute

1915 births
1985 deaths
Japanese aikidoka
Japanese male judoka
Japanese male karateka
Japanese kendoka
Imperial Japanese Army personnel of World War II
Judoka trainers
People from Tokushima

masks: Kenshiro Abbe Abbe


title: Otto Brixner

texts:
<mask> (born in 1943) is a former German judge. He was the presiding judge of the 7th Chamber of the criminal division of the Nuremberg-Fürth District Court, Germany. <mask> became publicly known as part of the chamber that sentenced the justice victim Gustl Mollath to a forensic hospital, where he spent more than seven years. In 2011, research by journalists raised doubts about the allegations against Mollath and the procedure. In 2014, in a retrial of the case, the Regensburg regional court determined that the conditions for confinement of the accused were not satisfied. Life and career
In the 1950s and 1960s, <mask>'s parents operated a restaurant in Herrenberg. As a teenager, <mask> was athletic and had a talent for handball.<mask> was an active handball player in the 1. FC Nuremberg club, and the TSV 1860 Ansbach as well as the TSV 1891 Frauenaurach. For many years, he also coached the women's handball team of the 1. FC Nürnberg. <mask> was also the coach of the Bavarian Handball C youth until 1991. After military service in the Bundeswehr, <mask> studied law. On 1 April 1973, he applied as a prosecuting attorney in the Bavarian judicial service.In his three years as a prosecutor, he was considered meticulous and, in his first official assessment, to have been "born" for this job. In 1976, <mask> became a judge at the Erlangen district court in criminal and civil cases. In October 1987, <mask> changed to the Nuremberg-Fürth district court, also working in criminal and civil matters. In July 1998, after his appointment as chairman of the Nuremberg-Fürth district court, <mask> took over the chairmanship of the 6th Chamber of the criminal division,

masks:
Otto Brixner
Brixner
Otto Brixner
Brixner
Brixner
Brixner
Brixner
Brixner
Brixner
Brixner


title: Otto Brixner

texts:
 primarily judging invocations of drug related matters. Most recently, he was chairing the 7th Chamber of the criminal court, responsible for drug and general criminal matters in the first instance. Brixner never made use of communication in criminal proceedings (a so-called "deal on penalty"). On the other hand, <mask> demanded in interviews with legislators to abolish life imprisonment and introduce temporary sentences of up to 40 years instead.<mask> retired by the end of June 2008. He was married to Christa <mask>, born Hofbauer (1946-2013). The couple had two children and four grandchildren. <mask> lives in Herzogenaurach. He is a lieutenant colonel in the reserve. Trial of Gustl Mollath and allegations against Brixner

In September 2003, Gustl Mollath was accused of aggravated assault and false imprisonment to the detriment of his then-wife in a criminal case before the Nuremberg District Court. Since this court considered an accommodation possible, it sent the case to the Nuremberg-Fürth Regional Court.Under the chairmanship of Brixner, the Nuremberg-Fürth Regional Court in August 2006 pronounced Mollath not guilty by reason of insanity, stating that, while the deeds were proven, the "lack of control capability [...] according to § 20 StGB [...] could not be ruled out". Instead of punishment, Mollath was confined to forensic treatment in a closed psychiatric facility, as, according to the court, he continued to be a threat to society. Mollath had, in the opinion of the court, a "paranoid thought system ". This was partly due to the conviction that his former wife, as an employee of the HypoVereinsbank, was involved in a complex system of money

masks: Brixner Brixner Brixner Brixner


title: Otto Brixner

texts:
 laundering. An internal audit report of the HypoVereinsbank from 2003 supports much of Mollath's money laundering allegations. However, this report had been kept secret by the bank for many years, so that it was not known to the district court of Nuremberg-Fürth in its ruling in 2006. In November 2012, the content of the audit report became public.The report stated that all of Mollath's verifiable allegations were accurate. Mollath's lawyer, Gerhard Strate, successfully applied for a retrial in August 2013. The district court of Regensburg finally came to the conclusion that the prerequisites for Mollath's confinement to psychiatry were not met. These events resulted in a committee of inquiry in the Bavarian state parliament and public debate. Also, the presiding judge, <mask>, was publicly accused. Jurors and witnesses reported that Brixner acted uncontrollably during the trial and interrupted Mollath whenever he began to talk about the money laundering. Trial
<mask> presided at Mollath's trial in 2006.Juror Karl-Heinz Westenrieder said in a TV interview that Brixner had loudly interrupted Mollath and threatened to ban him from the courtroom whenever he mentioned tax evasion or money laundering. A listener during the trial described Brixner as very uncontrolled and angry. Brixner reportedly shouted at Mollath for eight hours without interruption and spoke in a very harsh tone. Possible bias
Brixner was accused of partiality as a result of media research. In mid-April 2013, <mask> reportedly confirmed that Martin Maske, the future husband of Mollath's former wife Petra, was already dating her during the 2006 criminal trial. In 1980, <mask> was


title: Otto Brixner

texts:
 Maske's handball coach. Brixner allegedly kept this secret during the entire criminal proceedings.According to a subsequent written statement before the committee of inquiry in the Bavarian Parliament by a now retired associate judge in the trial of Mollath in 2006, Maske and Mollath's former wife Petra met and talked with Brixner during the Mollath trial. This contradicts Maske's statement that he had no contact with Brixner since the early 1980s. On 5 July 2013, Brixner acknowledged that a meeting with Maske might have taken place during the criminal proceedings in 2006. Denial of the right to be heard / falsification of the facts
In his application for reactivating the case, Mollath's later lawyer, Gerhard Strate, alleged among other things that Brixner had determined the makeup of the court himself, refrained from hearing the accused, and willfully falsified the facts of the case using the documentation available to him. <mask> was also repeatedly criticized for never taking note of the 106-page binder provided by Mollath and containing what he claimed to be exculpatory evidence. The outrage against Brixner was ignited by the fact that it is the fundamental obligation of all German courts to take full note of the case of the parties. This arises from the fundamental right to be heard (Art.103 Para. 1, Basic Law). Influence on the Ministry of Finance
In the run-up to the criminal proceedings, in a telephone conversation with the Ministry of Finance, <mask> allegedly halted the investigation by the tax authorities of Mollath's allegations concerning money laundering. References

1943 births
Living people
German judges
Jurists from

masks: Brixner Brixner


title: Jon Fratelli

texts:
<mask> (born John Paul Lawler; 4 March 1979) is a Scottish musician and songwriter best known for his work with the band The Fratellis. Alongside his work with The Fratellis, Lawler has played in a band called Codeine Velvet Club and as a solo artist. Early years
Lawler hails from Cumbernauld, but later moved to Glasgow. He attended St. Maurice's High School  and went to college before dropping out within three hours. Before joining the Fratellis, he played in various bands including an Oasis and Blur covers band. Bands

The Fratellis (2005–2009; 2012–present)

In 2005, Lawler responded to an advert placed in a music shop by drummer Gordon McRory, which stated "Opportunity of a lifetime ... seeks band to make our mark on the music industry". On this advert he put his name as "Graeme" to avoid detection of his then current bandmates finding out he was seeking a new band.After calling the number, asking for "Graeme" he got told repeatedly that he had the wrong number, he nearly gave up but tried one more time and got a hold of McRory and the band started to form, with Barry Wallace joining the band on bass. Lawler's role in the band is songwriter, lead vocalist and lead guitarist. He was initially accompanied on guitar by Mince <mask> (Gordon McRory), but Mince switched to drums after the initial drummer did not work out. Writing credits for Costello Music are for The Fratellis, however, for Here We Stand and We Need Medicine, they are solely credited to him. After playing the Coachella Festival in California in 2007, during promotion of Fratellis' debut album Costello Music, Lawler decided to flee from the US

masks:
Jon Fratelli
Fratelli


title: Jon Fratelli

texts:
 tour and return to Glasgow, stating that he was too tired to continue the rest of the tour. He later saw this as a mistake, but it allowed him to be even more grateful for the success of the band. The band spent much of 2008 touring and after playing a few dates in 2009, the band parted ways for the foreseeable future.During this time, <mask> started and finished Codeine Velvet Club and a stint as a solo artist. On 4 June 2012, The Fratellis announced they had reformed to raise money for The Eilidh Brown Memorial Fund on 15 June 2012, marking nearly 3 years since they last shared a stage together. After a couple of initial gigs, to see how playing together again felt and to test audience interest, the band have continued to play together, recording albums and touring since. They've released We Need Medicine (2013), Eyes Wide, Tongue Tied (2015), In Your Own Sweet Time (2018) and will be releasing Half Drunk Under a Full Moon in 2021, which had been delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Codeine Velvet Club (2009–2010)

During the promotion of Here We Stand, Lawler stated that he wished to create a solo album to keep himself busy once the band were done touring the album, with the band scheduled to take a break. It later emerged that he planned on teaming up with singer-songwriter Lou Hickey, whom he met through her friendship with Lawler's wife, and creating an album. NME reported in an article that the band was set to be called Codeine Breakfast Club; however, on 23 August 2009, it was confirmed that the band had changed its name to Codeine Velvet Club.While playing in this band Lawler reverted to using his


title: Jon Fratelli

texts:
 proper surname. The band's debut album was to be released on 16 November 2009 (however, this was later pushed back to 28 December 2009). Lawler shares songwriting duties with Hickey for about half the tracks on the album, penning the other half by himself (one track, "Nevada" was co-written by Lawler and Will Foster). The duo took a live band (consisting of Ross MacFarlane on drums, Will Foster on keys and guitar, Lewis Gordon on bass and various horn players known as 'The Velvet Horns') for a tour of the UK in 2009 and the US in 2010, playing UK dates in 2010 also. However, Lawler decided that he could not commit to the band anymore and called an end to the band, finishing off what live dates they had and announcing his solo career, with Hickey returning to her solo career also. Solo career
Lawler started hinting at a solo career when he set up a new MySpace page, with the track "Bonnie & Clyde" streaming on it. It was also noted that he began using the name <mask>lli again.While discussing the end of Codeine Velvet Club, Lawler confirmed his intentions of going solo, taking the backing musicians with him due to them playing well together. Since announcing he is going solo, Lawler has given away some tracks in demo form, including "Dead Street Affair", "She's My Shaker" and "Sometimes You Just Can't Win". For live shows in 2011, Lawler announced that Mince <mask> would be joining him on the tour, sharing drumming duties with Allan James. Psycho Jukebox (2010–2011)

Lawler played some solo shows before heading to Los Angeles in late 2010 to record his debut solo album, Psycho Jukebox with Tony Hoffer, who

masks:
Jon Frate
Fratelli


title: Jon Fratelli

texts:
 produced the first Fratellis' album. The title is a reference to the Fratellis' song "Nina", which is featured on the "Whistle for the Choir" single. During February 2011, Lawler released a free track via his website called "Rhythm Doesn't Make You a Dancer" which was to be on the album, and also gave away a free EP called The Magic Hour EP. Lawler stated that these songs couldn't fit on the album but he "still had a lot of time for them".The first single from the album was "Santo Domingo" which was released on 28 February 2011. The second single, "Baby We're Refugees! ", was released on 12 June 2011. Backing band
 Lewis Gordon - Bass / backing vocals
 Will Foster - Keyboards / guitar
 Allan James - Drums
 Mince <mask> - Drums / backing vocals / guitar
After embarking on a Scottish tour in March/April 2011, Lawler added two new tracks to Psycho Jukebox, which pushed its release date back to late July 2011. He stated in a live podcast that he was no longer able to add any more tracks to the album, owing to the label's schedule, but added that they were worth adding to the album. Bright Night Flowers (2011–2012; 2017–2019)

Pictures were posted onto Lawler's Facebook page, showing him in the studio with his band. Lawler used his Twitter account to inform people that he was in the studio, but didn't say what these sessions were for.It eventually emerged on 13 January 2012 that it was for a second solo album, as posted on Lawler's website. The post also gave a small 3 track peek at the album, the last song in the preview being "Dead Radio", a song that Lawler tried to add to Psycho Jukebox but the label had


title: Jon Fratelli

texts: already locked down the release dates and track listing. On 24 February 2012, Lawler announced on his website and Facebook that he had almost completed the album and that it was going to be titled Bright Night Flowers. He asked that his fans record sounds of their city during the morning and night so that they could be used on the album, and whoever helped would be mentioned on the album sleeve. It was later announced that he had completed the album, but it would be put to one side for the time being as he was recording a new album and focusing on with the Fratellis. In the intervening years, when asked about it while promoting records by the Fratellis, <mask> normally had this to say about it: "I actually made another record that will probably never see the light of day. I’m really happy with it, but as soon as I finished it I stuck it in a drawer and said: 'Right, no one else is ever going to hear that'.It's quite perverse to not release it, but I like that. I was only making it for me. It just needed to be done. I listen to it every so often and really enjoy it – I don't want to spoil that." In a March 2018 interview with Wired Noise, <mask> revealed that he had re-recorded Bright Night Flowers and had possibly changed his stance on releasing it. "Yeah, I did that over the summer. [It] still needs to be mixed, and then I guess at some point, if somebody wants to release it, it’ll find its way out there."During October 2018, fans had noticed that his own website had been changed to a "Coming Soon" holding page. The Fratellis tweeted out on 23 October 2018 with a reactivated account for <mask>, with a date

masks:
Jon
Jon
Jon Fratelli


title: Jon Fratelli

texts:
 of 30 October, hinting to an announcement of Bright Night Flowers is coming soon. On 30 October it was announced that Bright Night Flowers would release on 15 February 2019. <mask> also released the album's title track & accompanying video. Equipment
For The Fratellis' debut album, Costello Music, Lawler mainly used a Fender Telecaster, with the exception of a few songs in which he used a Gibson Les Paul and a Gibson ES-335. With their second album Here We Stand, he used a Fender Telecaster, Fender Stratocaster, Gibson Firebird, Rickenbacker 12 string, Gibson Les Paul, and an ES-335 for his electrics. For the acoustic performances, he used a Gibson SJ-200, a Gibson Hummingbird, and a Gibson J-45.During promotional performances of the album, Lawler was mainly using a Gibson Les Paul Black Beauty with Bareknuckle Mississippi Queen pickups (humbucker sized P-90's)

While playing on live performances with Codeine Velvet Club, he tended to use a red Fender Stratocaster and a rosewood Fender Telecaster. During his solo career and his third run with the Fratellis, his preferred guitars were still Stratocasters and Telecasters. For the Fratellis' tour he exclusively used a red Telecaster. Personal life
Lawler resides in Glasgow's West End with his wife, Heather Donnelly. Donnelly's burlesque name was used as the title and inspiration for the Fratellis' hit single, "Chelsea Dagger", a play on Britney Spears. Lawler has a son named Jamie, born in 1997 to a girl he was seeing when he was 18. Lawler is also an avid supporter of Celtic F.C.Discography

With The Fratellis

Costello Music (2006)
Here We Stand (2008)
We


title: Oliver Buchmueller

texts:
<mask> is a scientist and professor of physics at the Faculty of Natural Science, Imperial College London. <mask> is presently serving as one of the lead scientists on the CMS experiment at CERN’s LHC, the Principal Investigator of the Atom Interferometer Observatory and Network (AION) and also one of the lead authors at Atomic Experiment for Dark Matter and Gravity Exploration in Space (AEDGE). Previously he has been associated with ALPEH experiment at CERN’s LEP collider and the BaBar experiment at SLAC. <mask> was among the group of scientists responsible for the discovery of Higgs Boson particle at the LHC, CERN and later in the scientific exploration to find the traces of dark matter through the LHC. Biography
Following support from the Landesgraduiertenförderung, Baden-Württemberg (Scholarship) and Graduiertenkolleg Heidelberg (Scholarship), Buchmueller received his doctorate from Heidelberg University in 1999. From 1999 to 2001 he was a CERN fellow at the ALEPH Experiment studying properties of the Z and W Bosons and in 2001 he joined SLAC as a research associate to work on the BABAR experiment. He returned to CERN in 2004 as research staff member of the organization making important contributions to the construction, commissioning, and physics exploitation of the CMS experiment.He has been associated with Imperial College of London since 2009 as a professor. CMS Experimentation at CERN
Buchmueller joined Compact Muon Solenoid experiment at CERN in 2003. During 2004-2005 he served as the convener of the Tracker alignment group. During 2005-2007 he has been the co-convenor of Calibration and Alignment group. In 2007, he initiated The MasterCode Project along with theoreticians and other scientists with the aim to interpret the data related to LHC results in better fashion. In 2008-2009 he was in charge of the Physics group as co-leader and taking care of researches regarding supersymmetry (SUSY) and later he became the member of the Physics Management Office. He was the chair of CMS analysis review committee while examining the data

masks:
Oliver Buchmueller
Buchmueller
Buchmueller


title: Oliver Buchmueller

texts:
 analysis for developing and overseeing the scientific validity of the key ‘diphoton’ discovery and subsequent characterization channel.In September 2016, <mask> was nominated as the convener of the EXOTICA search group in CMS. He is presently serving as the editor of Supersymmetry (SUSY) related topics at Particle Physics Data Group. AION
Buchmueller is presently serving as the Principal Investigator of The Atom Interferometer Observatory and Network (AION) where he was appointed in 2018. AION is an inter-university collaborative effort involving King's College London, the University of Liverpool, the University of Oxford, University of Birmingham, the University of Cambridge and STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory while being led by Imperial College of London. The aim of the project is the exploration of the dark matter and gravitational waves and to ascertain viable options for applying and implementing quantum technology in commercial domain. As Buchmueller said, the AION is designed to "harness cold atom technologies" in order to explore fundamental concerns of fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology. The project received £7.2m funding from UK Research and Innovation and £2.5m for the involved institutions in January 2021 for developing the first large-scale atom interferometer in the UK.Notable works and Publications
 Bertoldi, A., Bongs, K., Bouyer, P. et al. AEDGE: Atomic experiment for dark matter and gravity exploration in space. Exp Astron (2021). Big Bang & Black Holes. N.p. : CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2010. Supersymmetry After the Higgs Discovery.Germany: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. Proceedings of the Sixth Alexander Friedmann International Seminar on Gravitation and Cosmology: Cargèse, France, 28 June-3 July 2004. Singapore: World Scientific, 2005. References

External links
 <mask> at INSPIRE-HEP
 Imperial College of London Faculty Profile
 LHC Physics Centre Profile
 <mask> at ResearchGate

Living people
Particle physicists
People associated with CERN
Year of birth missing (living

masks:
Buchmueller
Oliver Buchmueller
Oliver Buchmueller


title: Coleman Carroll

texts:
<mask> (February 9, 1905 – July 26, 1977) was an American clergyman of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop (later archbishop) of Miami from 1958 until his death in 1977. Biography
<mask> was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the second of three children of William and B. Margaret (née Hogan) <mask>. His parents were both born in Ireland, and his father, who worked as a railroad brakeman and clerk for Carnegie Steel Company, died in 1922. His two brothers also joined the priesthood; his older brother, <mask>, served as Bishop of Altoona-Johnstown, and his younger brother, <mask>, worked in the Vatican Secretariat of State. He attended Holy Rosary elementary and high schools in Homewood, and later graduated from Duquesne University in 1926. His theological studies were made at St. Vincent Seminary in Latrobe.On June 15, 1930, <mask> was ordained a priest for the Diocese of Pittsburgh. He then served as a curate at the Church of the Resurrection in Brookline, St. Scholastica Church in Aspinwall, St. Basil Church in Carrick, and Holy Cross Church on the South Side. In 1944, he earned a Doctor of Canon Law degree from the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. He organized St. Maurice Church in Forest Hills in 1949, serving as its founding pastor. He became pastor at Sacred Heart Church in East Liberty in 1951, and was named diocesan vicar for religious in 1952. He was raised to the rank of domestic prelate in September 1952.He also headed the philosophy department at Duquesne University for four years, and taught at Mount Mercy College for ten years. On August 25, 1953, <mask> was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Pittsburgh and Titular Bishop of Pitanae by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following November 10 from Archbishop Amleto Giovanni Cicognani, with Bishops John Francis Dearden and Michael Joseph Ready serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of St. Paul. His consecration was attended by

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Coleman Francis Carroll
Coleman Carroll
Carroll
Howard Joseph Carroll
Walter Sharp Carroll
Carroll
Carroll


title: Coleman Carroll

texts: over 2,000 people, including Pennsylvania's first Catholic governor, David L. Lawrence. As an auxiliary bishop, <mask> assisted Bishop Dearden with the administrative duties of the diocese, and continued to serve as pastor of Sacred Heart Church. On August 13, 1958, <mask> was named the first bishop of the newly erected Diocese of Miami in Florida. His installation took place on the following October 7.At the time of his arrival, the diocese comprised sixteen counties in southern Florida with a Catholic population of 185,000. By the time of his death, the archdiocese was composed of eight counties, and included 700,000 Catholics, 127 parishes, 500 priests, and 750 nuns. A little over a year following his installation, <mask> founded St. John Vianney College Seminary in Miami. He later opened St. Vincent de Paul Seminary at Boynton Beach in 1963. He also established a weekly diocesan newspaper called The Voice. In response to the Cuban exile, <mask> welcomed over half a million Cuban refugees into the diocese. In 1960, he used the four-story school building of Gesu Church to establish the Centro Hispano Catolico, a welfare agency that provided medical care, child care, legal aid, employment service, food, clothing and cash for Cuban refugees in the diocese.He also helped to coordinate Operation Peter Pan, and even scolded Monsignor Bryan O. Walsh, who headed the diocesan Catholic Charities program, for not agreeing to resettle more unaccompanied children. However, <mask> was accused by some Hispanic Catholics, including a number of priests, of showing little interest in their community. They also claimed he was trying to Anglicize the diocese by limiting Spanish-language education in parochial schools and Spanish-language Masses. <mask> did, however, maintain amicable relationships with local African American and Jewish leaders. He was a frequent visitor of Camillus House, established homes for the elderly and unwed mothers, and opened

masks: Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll


title: Coleman Carroll

texts:
 rehabilitation centers for drug addicts and alcoholics. On August 5, 1968, <mask> offered the invocation at the opening of the 1968 Republican National Convention in Miami Beach. <mask> was known for his firm control over his priests and parishioners, as well as for his outspoken conservative political views and progressive social outlook.He was a vocal opponent of a local ordinance in Dade County that prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, supporting the Save Our Children campaign led by Anita Bryant. He was an advocate for racial justice and strongly supported the civil rights movement. On theological matters, he was described as a "hardline Roman Catholic traditionalist" known for his "vociferous opposition to liberalization of the church." He also opposed repealing the practice of abstaining from meat on Fridays. When the Diocese of Miami was elevated to the rank of an archdiocese by Pope Paul VI on March 2, 1968, <mask> became its first Archbishop. The Dioceses of Orlando and of St. Petersburg were erected from the Archdiocese of Miami, with <mask> holding the status of a metropolitan bishop over them. Less than ten years later, <mask> took ill and Edward A. McCarthy was appointed Coadjutor Archbishop of Miami in 1976.At age 72, <mask> died from complications stemming from a vascular disease at his residence in Miami Beach. He was buried three days later in the priests' section of Our Lady of Mercy Cemetery in Miami. References

External links
Archdiocese of Miami
Archbishop <mask><mask> High School

1905 births
1977 deaths
20th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States
American Roman Catholic clergy of Irish descent
Roman Catholic archbishops of Miami
Duquesne University alumni
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Philadelphia
Saint Vincent Seminary alumni
Catholic University of America alumni
Religious leaders from

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. Carroll


title: Serge Gainsbourg

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<mask> (; born Lucien Ginsburg; 2 April 1928 – 2 March 1991) was a French musician, singer-songwriter, author, filmmaker and actor. Regarded as the most important figure in French pop whilst alive, he was renowned for often provocative and scandalous releases which caused uproar in France, dividing its public opinion, as well as his diverse artistic output, which ranged from his early work in jazz, chanson, and yé-yé to later efforts in rock,zouk,funk, reggae, and electronica. <mask>'s varied musical style and individuality make him difficult to categorize, although his legacy has been firmly established and he is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians. His lyrical works incorporated wordplay, with humorous, bizarre, provocative, sexual, satirical or subversive overtones. <mask> wrote over 550 songs, which have been covered more than 1,000 times by a range of artists. Since his death from a second heart attack in 1991, <mask>'s music has reached legendary stature in France, and he has become one of the country's best-loved public figures. He has also gained a cult following all over the world with chart success in the United Kingdom and the United States with "Je t'aime... moi non plus" and "Bonnie and Clyde", respectively.Biography

1928–1956: Early years
Lucien Ginsburg was born in Paris on 2 April 1928. He was the son of Jewish Ukrainian migrants, Joseph Ginsburg (27 March 1896, in Feodosia, Russian Empire — 22 April 1971, in Paris) and Olga (née Besman; 15 January 1894, in Odessa, Russian

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Gainsbourg
Gainsbourg
Gainsbourg


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts: Empire (now Ukraine) – 16 March 1985, in Paris), who fled to Paris via Istanbul after the 1917 Russian Revolution. Joseph Ginsburg was a classically trained musician whose profession was playing the piano in cabarets and casinos; he taught his children—Gainsbourg and his twin sister Liliane—to play the piano. Gainsbourg's childhood was profoundly affected by the occupation of France by Germany during World War II. The identifying yellow star that Jews were required to wear haunted Gainsbourg; in later years he was able to transmute this memory into creative inspiration. During the occupation, the Jewish Ginsburg family was able to make their way from Paris to Limoges, traveling under false papers. Limoges was in the Zone libre under the administration of the collaborationist Vichy government and still a perilous refuge for Jews.He attended the Lycée Condorcet high school in Paris but dropped out before completing his Baccalauréat. In 1945, Gainsbourg's (Ginsburg's) father enrolled him into Beaux-Arts de Paris, a prestigious art school, before switching to the Académie de Montmartre, where his professors included the likes of André Lhote and Fernand Léger. There, <mask> would meet his first wife Elisabeth "Lize" Levitsky, daughter of Russian aristocrats who was also a part-time model. They married on 3 November 1951 and were divorced by 1957. In 1948, he was conscripted by the military for twelve months of service in Courbevoie. He never saw action and spent the time playing dirty songs on his guitar, visiting prostitutes and


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts:
 drinking, later admitting that the service made him an alcoholic. Gainsbourg obtained work teaching music and drawing in a school outside of Paris, in Le Mesnil-le-Roi.The school was set up under the auspices of local rabbis, for the orphaned children of murdered deportees. Here, Gainsbourg heard the accounts of Nazi persecution and genocide, stories that resonated for Gainsbourg far into the future. 1957–1963: Early work
Gainsbourg was disillusioned as a painter as he lacked talent but earned his living working odd jobs and as a piano player in bars, usually as a stand-in for his father. He soon became the venue pianist at the drag cabaret club Madame Arthur. Whilst filling in a form to join the songwriting society SACEM, Gainsbourg decided to change his first name to <mask>, feeling that this was representative of his Jewish background and because, as his future partner Jane Birkin relates: "Lucien reminded him of a hairdresser's assistant". He chose Gainsbourg as his last name, in homage to the English painter Thomas Gainsborough, whom he admired. Gainsbourg had a revelation when he saw Boris Vian at the Milord l'Arsouille club whose provocative and humorous songs would influence his own compositions.At the Milord l'Arsouille, Gainsbourg accompanied singer and club star Michèle Arnaud on the guitar. In 1957, Arnaud and the club's director Francis Claude discovered, with amazement, the compositions of <mask> while visiting his house to see his paintings. The next day, Claude pushed <mask> on stage. Despite suffering from

masks: Serge Gainsbourg Gainsbourg


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts: stage fright, he performed his own repertoire, including "Le Poinçonneur des Lilas", which describes the day in the life of a Paris Métro ticket man, whose job is to stamp holes in passengers' tickets. Gainsbourg describes this chore as so monotonous, that the man eventually thinks of putting a hole into his own head and being buried in another. He was given his own show by Claude and was eventually spotted by Jacques Canetti, who helped propel his career with a spot at the Théâtre des Trois Baudets and on his tours. In 1958, Arnaud began recording several interpretations of Gainsbourg's songs.His debut album, Du chant à la une !... (1958), was recorded  in the summer of 1958, backed by arranger Alain Goraguer and his orchestra, beginning a fruitful collaboration. It was released in September, becoming a commercial  and critical failure, despite winning the grand prize at L'Academie Charles Cross and the praise of Boris Vian, who compared him to Cole Porter. His next album, N° 2 (1959), suffered the same fate. He made his film debut in 1959 with a supporting role in the French-Italian co-production Come Dance with Me, starring his future lover Brigitte Bardot. In the following year, he featured as a Roman officer in the Italian sword-and-sandals epic-film The Revolt of the Slaves. He would continue playing "nasty characters" in similar productions, including Samson (1961) and The Fury of Hercules (1962).<mask>'s first commercial success came in 1960 with his single "L'Eau à la bouche", the title song from the film of the same


title: Serge Gainsbourg

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 name, for which he had composed the score. L'Étonnant <mask> Gainsbourg (1961), his third LP, included what would become one his best known songs from this period, "La Chanson de Prévert", which lifted lyrics from the Jacques Prévert poem  "Les feuilles mortes". After a night of drinking champagne and dancing with singer Juliette Gréco, Gainsbourg went home and wrote "La Javanaise" for her. They would both release versions of the song in 1962, but it is Gainsbourg's rendition that has endured. His fourth album, Serge Gainsbourg N° 4 was released in 1962, incorporated Latin and rock and roll influences whilst his next, Gainsbourg Confidentiel (1963), featured a more minimalistic jazz approach, accompanied only by a double bass and electric guitar. 1963–1966: Eurovision and involvement in the yé-yé movement

Despite initially mocking yé-yé, a style of French pop typically sang by young female singers, Gainsbourg would soon become one of its most important figures after writing a string of hits for artists like Brigitte Bardot, Petula Clark and France Gall. He had met Gall after being introduced by a friend as they were Philips Records labelmates, thus beginning a successful collaboration that would produce hits like "N'écoute pas les idoles", the frequently covered "Laisse tomber les filles" and "Poupée de cire, poupée de son", the latter of which was the Luxembourgian winning entry at the Eurovision Song Contest 1965.Inspired by the 4th movement (Prestissimo in F minor) from Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 1, the song featured


title: Serge Gainsbourg

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 double entendres  and wordplay, a staple of Gainsbourg's lyrics. The controversially risqué "Les sucettes" ("Lollipops"), featured references to oral sex, unbeknownst to the 18-year-old Gall, who thought the song was about lollipops. Gall later expressed displeasure at Gainsbourg's antics, stating she felt "betrayed by the adults around me" in 2001. <mask> married a second time on 7 January 1964, to Françoise-Antoinette "Béatrice" Pancrazzi, with whom he had two children: a daughter named Natacha (b. 8 August 1964) and a son, Paul (born in spring 1968). He divorced Béatrice in February 1966.His next album, Gainsbourg Percussions (1964), was inspired by the rhythms and melodies of African musicians Miriam Makeba and Babatunde Olatunji. Olatunji later sued Gainsbourg for lifting three tracks from his 1960 album Drums of Passion. Nevertheless, the album has been hailed as being ahead of its time for its incorporation of world music and lyrical content depicting interracial love. Between 1965 and 1966, Gainsbourg composed the music and sung the words of science fiction writer André Ruellan for several songs made for a series of animated Marie-Mathematics shorts created by Jean-Claude Forest. He would reunite with Michèle Arnaud for the duet "Les Papillons Noirs" from her 1966 comeback record. 1967–1970: Famous muses and duets

In 1967, Gainsbourg wrote the script and provided the soundtrack for the musical comedy television film Anna starring Anna Karina in the titular role. Another Gainsbourg song, "Boum-Badaboum" by  Minouche


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts: Barelli, was entered by Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest 1967, coming in fifth place.In that year, <mask> would have a brief but ardent love affair with Brigitte Bardot. One day she asked him to write the most beautiful love song he could imagine and, that night, he wrote the duets "Je t'aime... moi non plus" and "Bonnie and Clyde" for her. The erotic yet cynical  "Je t'aime", describing the hopelessness of physical love, was recorded by the pair in a small glass booth in Paris. But after Bardot's husband, German businessman Gunter Sachs, became aware of the recording he demanded it be withdrawn. Bardot pleaded with  Gainsbourg not to release it and he complied. Bardot's LP Brigitte Bardot Show 67 contained four songs penned by Gainsbourg, including duets such as the playful "Comic Strip" and the string-laden "Bonnie and Clyde", which tells the story of the American criminal couple and was based on a poem written by Bonnie Parker herself. His own Initials B.B.(1968) included these duets and was his first album in nearly four years. It blended orchestral pop with the style of rock characteristic of London in the swinging sixties, where the album was largely recorded. <mask> borrowed heavily from  Antonín Dvořák's New World Symphony for the title track, named after and dedicated to Bardot. Phillips subsidiary Fontana Records also issued the compilation LP Bonnie and Clyde (1968) comprising their duets and other previously recorded material. His percussion heavy 1968 single "Requiem pour un con" was performed onscreen by

masks: Gainsbourg Gainsbourg


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts: <mask> in the crime film Le Pacha, for which he was the composer. Shortly after being left by Bardot, <mask> was asked by Françoise Hardy to write a French version of the song "It Hurts to Say Goodbye". The result was "Comment te dire adieu", which is notable for its uncommon rhymes and has become one of Hardy's signature songs.In mid-1968 <mask> fell in love with the younger English singer and actress Jane Birkin, whom he met during the shooting of the film Slogan (1969). In the film, <mask> starred as a commercial director who has an affair on his pregnant wife with a younger woman, played by Birkin. <mask> also provided the soundtrack and dueted with Birkin on the title theme ""La Chanson de Slogan". The relationship would last for over a decade. In July 1971 they had a daughter, Charlotte, who would become an actress and singer. Although many sources state that they were married, according to their daughter Charlotte this was not the case. After filming Slogan, <mask> asked Birkin to re-record "Je t'aime..." with him.Her vocals were an octave higher than Bardot's, contained suggestive heavy breathing and culminated in simulated orgasm sounds. Released in February 1969, the song topped the UK Singles Chart after being temporarily banned due to its overtly sexual content. It was banned from the radio in several other countries, including Spain, Sweden, Italy and France before 11pm. The song was even publicly denounced by The Vatican. It was included on the joint album Jane Birkin/<mask>bourg, which also contained "Élisa" and

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title: Serge Gainsbourg

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 new recordings of songs written by other artists including "Les sucettes", "L'anamour" and "Sous le soleil exactement". In 2017, Pitchfork named it the 44th best album of the 1960s. He and Birkin would share the screen in another Gainsbourg-scored film, Cannabis (1970), in which he played an American gangster who falls in love with a girl from a wealthy family.The 1970s

Following the success of "Je t'aime... moi non plus", his record company had expected <mask> to produce another hit. But after having already made a fortune, he was uninterested, deciding to "move onto something serious". The result was his 1971 concept album Histoire de Melody Nelson, which the tells story of an illicit relationship between the narrator and the teenage Melody Nelson after running her over in his Rolls Royce Silver Ghost. The album heavily features Gainsbourg's distinctive half-spoken, half-sung vocal delivery, loose drums, guitar, and bass evoking funk music, and lush string and choral arrangements by Jean-Claude Vannier. Despite only selling around 15,000 copies upon release, it has become highly influential and is often considered his magnum opus. An accompanying television special starring <mask> and Birkin was also broadcast. He had a heart attack in May 1973, but refused to cut back on smoking and drinking.In 1975, he released the album Rock Around the Bunker, an album written entirely on the subject of National Socialism. Gainsbourg used black comedy, as he and his family had suffered during World War II, being forced to wear the


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts: yellow star as the mark of a Jew. Rock Around the Bunker belonged to the mid-1970s "retro" trend. The next year saw the release of another major work, L'Homme à tête de chou (Cabbage-Head Man), featuring the new character Marilou and sumptuous orchestral themes. Cabbage-Head Man is one of his nicknames, as it refers to his ears. Musically, L'homme à tête de chou turned out to be Gainsbourg's last LP in the English rock style he had favoured since the late 1960s. He would go on to produce two reggae albums recorded in Jamaica (1979 and 1981) and two electronic funk albums recorded in New York (1984 and 1987).In Jamaica in 1979, he recorded "Aux Armes et cætera", a reggae version of the French national anthem "La Marseillaise", with Robbie Shakespeare, Sly Dunbar and Rita Marley. Following harsh and anti-semitic criticism in right-wing newspaper Le Figaro by Charles de Gaulle biographer Michel Droit, his song earned him death threats from right-wing veteran soldiers of the Algerian War of Independence including Legionnaires, who were opposed to their national anthem being arranged in reggae style. In 1979, a show had to be cancelled, because an angry mob of French Army parachutists came to demonstrate in the audience. Alone onstage, Gainsbourg raised his fist and answered: "The true meaning of our national anthem is revolutionary" and sang it a capella with the audience. The soldiers joined them, a scene enjoyed by millions as French TV news broadcast it, creating more publicity. Shortly afterward, <mask> purchased the original


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts:
 manuscript of "La Marseillaise". He replied to his critics that his version was closer to the original as the manuscript actually features the words "Aux armes et cætera..." for the chorus.This album, described by legendary drummer Sly Dunbar as "Perhaps the best record he ever played on", was his biggest commercial success, including major hits "Lola Rastaquouère", "Aux armes et cætera", and a French version of Sam Theard's jazz classic "You Rascal You" entitled "Vieille canaille". Rita Marley and the I-Three would record another controversial reggae album with him in 1981, Mauvaises nouvelles des étoiles. Bob Marley was furious, when he discovered that <mask> made his wife Rita sing erotic lyrics. Posthumous new mixes of "Aux Armes...", including dub versions by Soljie Hamilton and versions of both albums by Jamaican artists, were released as double "Dub Style" albums in 2003, to critical praise in France as well as abroad and to international commercial success. Although belatedly, Aux Armes Et Cætera – Dub Style and Mauvaises Nouvelles Des Étoiles – Dub Style further established Gainsbourg, posthumously, as an influential icon in European pop music. Final years

In 1982, Gainsbourg wrote an album for French rocker Alain Bashung, Play blessures. The album, although now considered a masterpiece by French critics, was a commercial failure.After a turbulent 13-year relationship, Jane Birkin left Gainsbourg. He still went on to write and produce three more albums for her: Baby Alone in Babylone (1983), Lost Song (1987), Amour


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts: des feintes (1990), with many songs being about their relationship (including "Fuir le bonheur de peur qu'il ne se sauve", which would be read by Catherine Deneuve during Gainsbourg's funeral in 1991). In the 1980s, near the end of his life, <mask> became a regular figure on French TV. His appearances were increasingly devoted to his controversial sense of humour and provocation. In March 1984, he burned three-quarters of a 500-French-franc bill on television to protest against taxes rising up to 74% of income. He would show up drunk and unshaven on stage: in April 1986, on Michel Drucker's live Saturday evening television show Champs-Élysées, with the American singer Whitney Houston, he objected to Drucker's translating his comments to Houston and in English stated: "I said, I want to fuck her"—Drucker, utterly embarrassed, insisted that this meant "He says you are great..." That same year, in another talk show interview, he appeared alongside Catherine Ringer, the well-known singer from Les Rita Mitsouko. <mask> spat out at her, "You're nothing but a filthy whore" to which Ringer replied, "look at you, you're just a bitter old alcoholic...you've become a disgusting old parasite."For many in France, this incident was the last straw, and much of his later work was overlooked since it was often done and performed while he was inebriated. After Gainsbourg's passing, Eddy Mitchell reported that their duet of "You Rascal You" had far fewer sales than would have normally been expected because of this. Michel Drucker, also, reported


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts: that he had a difficult time apologizing to Whitney Houston. After that particular incident, <mask> was never again really "clean" in public, almost always having a drink in his hand and a lit cigarette between his lips, thus disgusting many with his behavior and demeanor in all he said and did. Famous humorist Pierre Desproges, who commented the incident with Catherine Ringer, said that he had admired <mask> when he was alive (meaning to say that he was currently as good as dead), and that he was "the only genius looking like a garbage can" ("le seul génie qui ressemble à une poubelle"). His songs became increasingly eccentric during this period, ranging from the anti-drug "Aux Enfants de la Chance", to the highly controversial duet with his daughter Charlotte named "Lemon Incest". Yet he continued to produce albums and songs for women—typically women with a frail voice—some of them highly successful, like the aforementioned Baby Alone in Babylone (1983) and Amour des feintes (1990) for Jane Birkin, Variations sur le même t'aime (1990) for Vanessa Paradis, Pull marine (1983) for Isabelle Adjani, "White and Black Blues" for Joëlle Ursull (which came second at the 1990 Eurovision).His last official partner was Bambou. In 1986, they had a son, Lucien, known as Lulu. In 2010, Lise Lévitzky published a book called Lise et Lulu which raises the possibility of Gainsbourg being bisexual. In 2017, Constance Meyer published a book titled La jeune fille et Gainsbourg, in which she reveals that she had a love affair with the musician


title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts:
 (19 girls and one sailor) where he played a role of a partisan. They acted together again in Cannabis the following year, and again in Seven Deaths in the Cat's Eye in 1973. He also made a brief appearance with Birkin in Herbert Vesely's 1980 film Egon Schiele – Exzess und Bestrafung. Directing
<mask> wrote and directed four feature films: Je t'aime moi non plus, Équateur, Charlotte for Ever, and Stan the Flasher. He also made a short film, Le Physique et le Figuré, and co-wrote the first color film made for French television "Anna." He directed a few music videos, including the controversial "Morgane de toi" for his friend Renaud, featuring a group of naked children running on a beach. Composing
Throughout his career, <mask> wrote the soundtracks for nearly 60 films and television programs.In 1996, he received a posthumous César Award for Best Music Written for a Film for Élisa, along with Zbigniew Preisner and Michel Colombier. Writing
<mask> Sokolov, a first person narrative where the titular protagonist recounts how he became a famous avant-garde painter by exploiting his uncontrollable and violent farts, generating the trademark shaky graphic style of his works which he calls "gazogrammes". Death and legacy

<mask>, who smoked five packs of unfiltered Gitane cigarettes a day, died on 2 March 1991 of a heart attack, a month shy of his 63rd birthday. He was buried in the Jewish section of the Montparnasse Cemetery in Paris. French President François Mitterrand said of him, "He was our Baudelaire, our Apollinaire ... He

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title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts:
 elevated the song to the level of art." Since his death, <mask>'s music has reached legendary stature in France.He has also gained a following in the English-speaking world, with numerous artists influenced by his arrangements. One of the most frequent interpreters of <mask>'s songs was British singer Petula Clark, whose success in France was propelled by her recordings of his tunes. In 2003, she wrote and recorded La Chanson de Gainsbourg as a tribute to the composer of some of her biggest hits. The majority of Gainsbourg's lyrics are collected in the volume Dernières nouvelles des étoiles. The Parisian house in which <mask> lived from 1969 until 1991, at 5 bis Rue de Verneuil, remains a celebrated shrine, with his ashtrays and collections of various items, such as police badges and bullets, intact. The outside of the house is covered in graffiti dedicated to <mask>, as well as with photographs of significant figures in his life, including Bardot and Birkin. The French rock band BB Brunes was named after his song, "Initials B.B.".Film biopic
Comics artist Joann Sfar wrote and directed a feature film titled Gainsbourg (Vie héroïque), which was released in France in 2010. <mask> is portrayed by Eric Elmosnino as an adult and Kacey Mottet Klein as a child. The film won three César Awards, including Best Actor for Elmosnino, and nominated for an additional eight. Exhibitions
In 2008, Paris' Cité de la Musique held the Gainsbourg 2008 exhibition, curated by sound artist Frédéric Sanchez. Discography

Studio albums

Live albums

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title: Serge Gainsbourg

texts:
 more discs containing the later albums Love on the Beat (1984) and You're Under Arrest (1987). Gainsbourg Forever (2001, Mercury)
An 18-CD box issued to mark the tenth anniversary of Gainsbourg's death containing each of his sixteen studio albums and the EP Essais Pour Signature (1958) in its original format (one per CD), plus a disc of rarities, Inédits, Les Archives 1958-1981.A separate 3-CD box, Le Cinéma de Serge <mask>: Musiques de Films 1959–1990 (2001, Mercury) covered his film music. <mask> Intégrale (2011, Philips)
A 20-CD, 271-track box issued to mark the twentieth anniversary of <mask>'s death. The first sixteen discs contain his studio albums and related tracks. They are followed by a disc of singles, a disc of television and radio recordings, and two discs of film

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title: Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg

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<mask> (;  – 14 February 1927) was a right-wing Russian military officer, publisher and journalist. Early life
Born in Kiev in the family of a general with German background, <mask> studied in high school in Kiev and in the Alexander Lyceum. From 1891 to 1892, he worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1893, he entered military service. Serving in the cavalry, he rose to the rank of colonel in 1911. In the years before World War I, he became involved in extreme right-wing politics, joining the Black-Hundredist Union of Archangel Michael and writing for right-wing publications. During the war, he commanded the Second Baltic cavalry regiment.He became personally acquainted with Tsarina Aleksandra for whom he developed a strong emotional attachment. There were even rumours of an affair. After the February Revolution, he left the army. Revolutionary Russia
After the October Revolution, he was imprisoned by the Bolsheviks for his role in an alleged plot to overthrow the Provisional Government. He pleaded not guilty and pointed to the absurdity of such charges by the Bolsheviks, as they had overthrown the Provisional Government themselves. He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment by the revolutionary tribunal but was released in early 1918. There, he met fellow right-wingers, including Pyotr Shabelsky-Bork, who became his friend and collaborator.In prison, he kept notes, which he later published. He made a dangerous journey to Kiev to fight with the White Army, where he was arrested and rescued by German forces and accompanied them in retreat to Germany. In 1919 he was in Berlin, where he published the short-lived right-wing newspapers/magazines Prizyv ("The Call") and Luch Sveta ("A Ray of

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Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg
Vinberg


title: Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg

texts:
 Light"). <mask> personally introduced the Protocols of the Elders of Zion from Russia to Germany, and via his magazines, republished and promoted the Protocols while advocating the destruction of the world's Jewry. Later life
In the wake of the Kapp Putsch of March 1920, <mask> moved from Berlin to Munich. In 1921 he published in Russian a book, Krestny Put (The Way of the Cross"), translated into German as Via Dolorosa. There, in 1922, as a leading member of the conspiratorial Aufbau Vereinigung (Reconstruction Organisation) he had lengthy and detailed discussions with Adolf Hitler on ideological matters.Later that year, under suspicion for his involvement in the assassination of Russian émigré Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov, he moved to France, where he died in 1927. Beliefs
<mask> was a loyal Russian monarchist with an aristocratic contempt for the masses. He was much influenced by the anti-Semitic speculations in <mask> Dostoyevsky's A Writer's Diary. He called for "Aryan peoples" to unite against the "Jewish plan for world domination". For Russia, he advocated a return to the strong authority of the  Tsar, which he hoped to restore, with German help. He also wanted Orthodoxy to unite with Catholicism and to learn from its methods in waging ideological war against the enemy, by anathematising the Freemasonry and all of Satan's servants "at Easter Week in all the churches and all the cathedrals of our homeland". Burbank comments that it would be "in other words a nationwide pogrom".Walter Laqueur describes his ideas as "a half-way house between the old Black Hundred and National Socialism" and claims that <mask> distinguished two kinds of anti-semitism: the "higher", concerned with restrictive

masks: Vinberg Vinberg Vinberg Fyodor Vinberg


title: Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg

texts: laws against the Jews, and the "lower", the brutal and homicidal behaviour of the lower classes, which was terrible but essential if the Jewish menace, recently responsible for communist revolution, is finally to be laid to rest. David Redles mentions <mask>'s belief that the German and Russian peoples have to unite to defeat the Jews, which would result in world peace. Norman Cohn says that "in all his writings <mask> insists that one way or another the Jews must be got rid of". Although as a political programme his ideas could not be taken seriously, he correctly foresaw the propaganda success of the Protocols of Zion in Germany. According to Kellogg, neither <mask> nor his Aufbau colleagues publicly proposed "exterminating Jews along the lines of the National Socialist policy that became known as the Final Solution". Nevertheless, his apocalyptic language was so extreme that Laqueur concluded, "Vinberg is quite emphatic about this, the only solution is total physical extermination." Richard Pipes writes that "it was  <mask> and his friends who first called publicly for the physical extermination of the Jews", giving Laqueur as a reference.Notwithstanding Laqueur's conviction that his upper class ideas would have been of little interest or value to Hitler, <mask> appears to have been responsible for Hitler's conversion to the idea of worldwide Jewish-Bolshevist conspiracy. Also many of Alfred Rosenberg's own ideas were said to have been lifted straight from the writings of his friend <mask>. Although his influence on Nazi thought declined following the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923, when anti-Slav sentiment gained ascendancy in Nazi policy, Kellogg argues that the influence revived

masks: Vinberg Vinberg Vinberg Vinberg Vinberg Vinberg


title: Fyodor Viktorovich Vinberg

texts:
 with the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941 and that he bears some responsibility for the horrors that occurred. Bibliography
Ahad Ha'am. Taĭnyĭ vozhdʹ īudeĭskīĭ. : Perevod s frantsuzskago
[of Miss L. Fry by Th. <mask>, being an attempt to prove
the "Protokoly Sīonskikh Mudret︠s︡ov"
published in a work by S. A. Nilus
to be a work by U. Ginzberg].by Leslie Fry;  Thedor <mask> Vinberg Berlin, 1922. OCLC:	84780936
 Krestny Put (Via Dolorosa)- 1921

References

Bibliography
The Russian Roots of Nazism by Michael Kellogg (Cambridge, 2005)
 L'Apocalypse de notre temps; les dessous de la propagande allemande d'après des documents inédits by Henri Rollin (Paris: Gallimard, 1939) pp. 153 seq. Russia and Germany, a Century of Conflict by Walter Laqueur (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1965) pp. 109 seq. Warrant for Genocide by Norman Cohn (London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1967) pp. 90, 139-140, 155-156, 184.Intelligentsia and revolution: Russian views of Bolshevism 1917-1922 by Jane Burbank. (New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986). Russia under the Bolshevik Regime 1919-1924 by Richard Pipes London: Harvill, 1994. External links
 Hitler’s “Russian” Connection: White Émigré Influence on the Genesis of Nazi Ideology, 1917-1923

1868 births
1927 deaths
Antisemitism in Russia
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to France
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany
Members of the Russian Assembly
Military personnel from Kyiv
People from Kiev Governorate
Protocols of the Elders of Zion
Russian anti-communists
Russian conspiracy theorists
Russian journalists
Russian military personnel of World War I
Russian monarchists
Russian untitled nobility
White Russian emigrants to Germany
White Russian emigrants

masks: Vinberg Viktorovich


title: René Binet (neo-Fascist)

texts:
<mask> (16 October 1913 – 16 October 1957) was a French militant political activist. Initially a Trotskyist in the 1930s, he espoused fascism during World War II and joined the SS Charlemagne Division. Soon after the end of the war, <mask> became involved in numerous neo-fascist and white supremacist publications and parties. He wrote the 1950 book Théorie du racisme, deemed influential on the European far-right at large. <mask> died in a car accident in 1957, aged 44. According to scholar Nicolas Lebourg, "<mask>’s openly advertised racialism has paved the way to an anti-colonialist and anti-immigrant ethnopluralism celebrated by the New Right and then the Identitarians. Abandoning classic nationalism and Aryanism for the notion of a 'white world', <mask> clearly outlined the forthcoming themes of 'white genocide' and the ZOG (Zionist Occupation Government)."Biography

Early life and communist activism
<mask> <mask> was born on 16 October 1913 in Darnétal, Seine-Maritime. He became a communist sympathizer in high school after a trip to the Soviet Union. Aged 16 in 1930, <mask> joined the French Communist Youth and became the secretary of its local Le Havre section, before getting expelled from that group in 1934 after he supported Jacques Doriot's ideas of "common front" (front unique). <mask> then moved towards the Fourth International, joining Pierre Frank and Raymond Molinier around the journal La Commune. In March 1936, he became a founding member of the Internationalist Communist Party (PCI) along with Frank and Molinier, and was elected to the party's Central Committee. <mask> was also a member the Le Havre

masks:
René Binet
Binet
Binet
Binet
Binet
René Valentin
Binet
Binet
Binet
Binet


title: René Binet (neo-Fascist)

texts:
 employees trade union's council, but got expelled in February 1937 after he refused to follow the internal refereeing procedure. When the PCI was dissolved in December 1938 in order to merge into the Workers and Peasants' Socialist Party (POSP), <mask> withdrew from the group and continued his own journal, Le Prolétaire du Havre.His group sent an observer to the 3rd congress of the Internationalist Workers Party (POI) in January 1939, a rival organization of the PCI led by Pierre Naville and . In August 1939, <mask> was arrested for distributing pacifist propaganda. He wrote in his memoirs that he felt hatred for the Soviet Union and the Jews during the period 1934–1939. World War II
Enlisted in the French army in May 1940, <mask> was soon taken as a prisoner-of-war by the Germans. During the war, he moved away from his communist stance to become an open supporter of Nazism. In 1943, he enrolled in Nazi Germany's Compulsory Work Service. In April of the same year, the Internationalist Communist Committee published a "warning" about <mask>, dismissing him as a traitor to the Trotskyist cause.In February 1944, he joined the Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism (LVF), then served as a staff sergeant within the SS Charlemagne Division. Post-war activism
On 3 May 1945, claiming to be an escapee from German camps, <mask> surrendered to the Americans and was repatriated to France. He spent 6 months in a French prison for serving in the German military, then returned to political activism. His wife Marie-Angèle Lamisse created a support group for former prisoners which served as the basis of the first organization

masks: Binet Binet Binet Binet Binet


title: René Binet (neo-Fascist)

texts: Binet founded in 1945, the Republican Party for Popular Unity (PRUP). The group denounced "Slavic and American imperialism" and the cultural influence of the Vatican, adopted the slogan "France for the Real French! ", and tried to recruit leftists on radical nationalist slogans. According to scholar James G. Shields, the PRUP followed "an ideological hotchpotch mixing nationalism with Europeanism and socialist themes with collaborationist sympathies."The party, which militated "against the massive arrival of North African workers", had around 150 members when it joined forces with the Rassemblement Travailliste Français to contest the 1947 municipal elections. Following an electoral defeat, <mask> converted the PRUP into the Mouvement Socialiste d'Unité Française (MSUF) in 1948. The MSUF advocated the emergence of a Franco-German union which, according to them, was "alone capable of saving the white race from the invasion of the Negroes." Its periodical L'Unité led a campaign against the Épuration of Nazi collaborators and demanded the departure of Arabs from France to stop an alleged "African invasion". The party, which had 250 members at most, obtained financial aid from the Argentinian embassy and maintained relations with the Egyptian embassy, the Arab League and the Bruderschaft. The MSUF was banned by the French authorities in March 1949. <mask> founded the bulletin Le Drapeau Noir to defend "the demands of the soldiers of the East", that is former Waffen-SS and LVF members.His sympathizers belonged to the Front Noir, a clandestine organization that contemplated armed struggle in order to build a "new Europe"

masks: Binet Binet


title: René Binet (neo-Fascist)

texts:
 relying on fascism. The organization had linked with other neo-fascist groups abroad via a Front Noir International and a Secours Noir International, two organizations that acted as an "embryonic" and "ephemeral" transnational union of fascist activists according to political scientist Jean-Paul Gautier. <mask> also co-founded with fascist writer Saint-Loup the newspaper Combattant européen in March 1946, which claimed to fight the "colonization of Europe" by "negroes" and "Mongols" and advocated the union of former communist resistance fighters and the Waffen-SS in order to build "the European nation". From 1949 to 1952, Binet published two bulletins: L'Étincelle, which saw an irregular publication, and Sentinelle, where one could read the contributions of Jean-André Faucher, Karl-Heinz Priester or Gaston-Armand Amaudruz. In Sentinelle, <mask> advocated his views on "national socialism" and "scientific racism" while promoting the establishment of a "fascist international". New European Order
In July 1950, <mask> launched the magazine Le Nouveau Prométhée, which presented itself as "national-progressist" and tried to appear more mainstream, and where he developed his theories on "biological realism". The text published in the first issue was adapted the same year as a brochure entitled Théorie du racisme in order to serve as a doctrinal pamphlet advocating racial segregation.The magazine disappeared after one year of existence in 1951. The same year, <mask> founded the group Nation and Progress, which later inspired the Nationalist Movement of Progress and Nouvelle Droite leaders. <mask> also became close to


title: René Binet (neo-Fascist)

texts:
 Maurice Bardèche and the French National Committee. In 1951, he went to Malmö with Bardèche and attended the meeting that saw the formation of the European Social Movement, a neo-fascist alliance set up to bring together nationalists from all over Europe. However, <mask> soon broke from the new group which he felt did not go far enough in terms of racialism and anti-communism, and joined instead Amaudruz in establishing the Zurich-based New European Order (NEO) as a more radical alternative in 1951. The group called at its founding for a "European racial policy" in order to improve the European gene pool via eugenicist interventions and control of ethnic inter-marriages. <mask> aimed at federating the nationalists of Europe – from former Waffen-SS members to former resistance fighter – against what he called the Russo-American occupation of the continent by "niggers", "Mongols" and "Jews".Later life and death
In the later years of his life, <mask> worked as a librarian, running the small publishing house Comptoir National du Livre, then led a property development company called Baticoop. He died in a car accident on 16 October 1957 in Pontoise, the day of his 44th birthday. <mask> was buried in a mass grave until one of his followers bought him a burial place in 1971. Noted for his domineering personality, <mask> was not always popular among his far right colleagues, leading to allegations that some of them may have arranged his death. Fellow fascist writer Maurice Bardèche described him as a "fascist of the puritan type who spends his life founding parties and publishing roneotyped newspapers". Views and influence


title: René Binet (neo-Fascist)

texts:
<mask> advocated the "inequality of the human races" and "social racism", calling for the "purification of the French race of the elements which pollute it". His 1950 book Théorie du racisme ('Theory on racism') promotes the concept of "biological realism", that is the establishment of individual and racial inequalities based upon pseudo-scientific observations.<mask> argued that "interbreeding capitalism" (capitalisme métisseur) aimed at creating a "uniform inhumanity" (barbarie uniforme), and that only "a true socialism" could "achieve race liberation" through the "absolute segregation at both global and national level." In Contribution à une éthique raciste ('Contribution to a racist ethics'), published posthumously in 1975, <mask> defended the "superiority of the European man and the white race" and advocated a "racist revolution" to implement a "dictatorship of races". <mask>'s ideas, characterized by a worldwide "biological-cultural deal" where each group would remain sovereign in its own region, foreshadowed both the racialism of Europe-Action (1963–1966) and the ethno-pluralism of GRECE (1968–present). Scholars have also linked <mask>'s concept of "interbreeding capitalism" with Renaud Camus' idea of "global replacism" – a "replaceable human, without any national, ethnic or cultural specificity" –, which forms the foundation of his Great Replacement conspiracy theory. Works
 Théorie du racisme, 1950. L'Évolution, l'homme, la race, 1952. Socialisme national contre marxisme, 1953; published again in 1978 with a preface by Gaston-Armand Amaudruz.Contribution à une éthique raciste, 1975; with a preface by


title: Evgeny Kissin

texts:
<mask> (; born 10 October 1971) is a Russian concert pianist and composer. He became a British citizen in 2002 and an Israeli citizen in 2013. He first came to international fame as a child prodigy. He has a wide repertoire and is especially known for his interpretations of the works of the Romantic era, particularly those of Franz Schubert, Frédéric Chopin, Robert Schumann, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms, Sergei Rachmaninoff, and Ludwig van Beethoven. He is commonly viewed as a great successor of the Russian piano school because of the depth, lyricism and poetic quality of his interpretations. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Moscow. Recognized as a child prodigy at age six, he began piano studies at the Gnessin Music School in Moscow.At the school he became a student of Anna Kantor, who remained his only piano teacher. At the age of ten he made his debut performing Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 20 in D minor with the Ulyanovsk Symphony Orchestra. The year after that, he gave his first recital in Moscow. His talents were revealed to the international scene in 1984, at the age of twelve, when he played and recorded both of Chopin's piano concertos with the Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra, in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatoire. Career

Concert pianist
<mask>'s first appearances outside Russia were in 1985 in Eastern Europe, followed a year later by his first tour of Japan. In 1987, at age sixteen, he made his West European debut at the Berlin Festival as well as his United Kingdom debut, alongside conductor Valery Gergiev and violinists Maxim Vengerov and Vadim Repin, at The Lichfield Festival.In 1988 he toured Europe with the Moscow Virtuosi and Vladimir Spivakov and also made his London debut with the London Symphony Orchestra under Valery Gergiev. In December of the same year he played Tchaikovsky's Piano

masks:
Evgeny Igorevich Kissin
Kissin
Kissin


title: Evgeny Kissin

texts:
 Concerto No. 1 with Herbert von Karajan at the Berlin Philharmonic's New Year's Eve Concert which was broadcast internationally, with the performance repeated the following year at the Salzburg Easter Festival. In September 1990, he made his North American debut playing Chopin's two piano concertos with the New York Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta and the first piano recital in Carnegie Hall's centennial season. In 1997, he gave the first solo piano recital in the history of The Proms in London. Kissin made regular recital tours of Europe, America and Asia. He has performed with nearly all the leading orchestras of the world, under such conductors as Claudio Abbado, Vladimir Ashkenazy, Daniel Barenboim, Myung-Whun Chung, Sir Colin Davis, Vladimir Fedoseyev, Valery Gergiev, Carlo Maria Giulini, Mariss Jansons, Herbert von Karajan, Dmitri Kitaenko, Jan Latham-Koenig, Emmanuel Krivine, James Levine, Sir Andrew Davis, Lorin Maazel, Zubin Mehta, Riccardo Muti, Seiji Ozawa, Sir Antonio Pappano, Sir Simon Rattle, Sir Georg Solti, Vladimir Spivakov, Yevgeny Svetlanov and Yuri Temirkanov.He has also performed chamber music with Martha Argerich, Mikhail Pletnev, Gidon Kremer, James Levine, Mischa Maisky, Thomas Quasthoff, Isaac Stern, Itzhak Perlman, Karita Mattila, Dmitry Hvorostovsky, Joshua Bell, Leonidas Kavakos, Natalia Gutman, Yuri Bashmet, Vladimir Spivakov, the Emerson String Quartet and others. Poetry
In addition to classical music, Kissin has given recitations of Russian and Yiddish poetry. Three CDs of Kissin's recitals from the classical and contemporary Yiddish poetry have been issued by the Forward Association. Writing
In 2018 <mask>'s autobiography  was published under the title of Memoirs and Reflections. In 2019, his book of poems, short stories and translations in Yiddish was published under the title “A Yiddisher


title: Evgeny Kissin

texts:
 Sheygets”. In 2021, his book of short stories and diaries in Yiddish was published under the title “Bloyz etlekhe minut gang” (“Only a few minutes by foot)”. Compositions
<mask> has composed numerous musical works which have been published by Henle Verlag.His String Quartet (2016) was recorded by the Kopelman Quartet on Nimbus Records and received its UK premiere on 26 February 2019 performed by the Endellion Quartet. Personal life
On 10 March 2017, <mask> married Karina Arzumanova, a childhood friend, in Prague, where they live. Awards and accolades
Many musical awards and tributes from around the world have been bestowed upon Kissin. In 1987 he received the Crystal Prize of the Osaka Symphony Hall for the best performance of the year in 1986 (his first performance in Japan). In 1991 he received the Musician of the Year Prize from the Chigiana Academy of Music in Sienna, Italy. He was special guest at the 1992 Grammy Awards Ceremony, broadcast live to an audience estimated at over one billion, and became Musical America's youngest Instrumentalist of the Year in 1995. In 1997 he received the Triumph Award for his outstanding contribution to Russia's culture, one of the highest cultural honors to be awarded in the Russian Republic, and again, the youngest-ever awardee.He was the first pianist to be invited to give a recital at the BBC Proms (1997), and, in the 2000 season, was the first concerto soloist ever to be invited to play in the Proms opening concert. In May 2001 <mask> was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Music by the Manhattan School of Music. In December 2003 in Moscow, he received the Shostakovich Award, one of Russia's highest musical honors. In June 2005 he was awarded an Honorary Membership of the Royal Academy of Music in London. In March 2009 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Letters from the University

masks: Kissin Kissin Kissin


title: Commodore Nutt

texts:
<mask> (April 1, 1848 – May 25, 1881), better known by his stage name <mask>, was an American dwarf and an entertainer associated with P. T. Barnum. In 1861, <mask> was touring New England with a circus when Barnum hired him to appear at the American Museum in New York City. Barnum gave <mask> the stage name <mask>, a wardrobe that included naval uniforms, and a miniature carriage in the shape of an English walnut. Nutt became one of the Museum's major attractions. <mask> was in love with Lavinia Warren, another dwarf at the American Museum. Lavinia was several years older than <mask>. She thought of him only as a "nice little boy".She married General Tom Thumb in a spectacular wedding masterminded by Barnum in 1863. <mask> went to the wedding as Thumb's best man, but resented his place in the show. He stayed away from women for a long time after the wedding. In 1879, he married Lilian Elston of Redwood City, California. <mask> toured the world between 1869 and 1872 with the Thumbs and Minnie Warren, Lavinia's sister. They returned to America rich beyond their dreams after appearing before royalty around the world. <mask> left Barnum's employ after a disagreement with the showman.He toured with a comic opera company, put together a variety show on the United States West Coast, and operated western saloons in Oregon and California. He returned to New York City, and died there of Bright's disease in May 1881. Birth and family
George Washington <mask> was born in Manchester, New Hampshire, to Major Rodnia <mask> (1810–1875), and his wife Maria (Dodge<mask> (1807–1859) of Goffstown, New Hampshire. Rodnia was a rich farmer, a Manchester city marshal, and a Manchester city councilman. The <mask>s had five children. The first, whose name and sex are not known, was born on 8 December 1837. James Dodge was born on 28 January 1838, and Rodnia Jr. on 11 October 1840.A daughter, Mary Ann, was born on 22

masks:
George Washington Morrison Nutt
Commodore Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Commodore Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Morrison Nutt
Nutt
) Nutt
Nutt


title: Commodore Nutt

texts:
 September 1844. According to <mask> family records, George Washington Morrison was born on 1 April 1848. <mask> and his wife were "large, hearty folk". Mr. <mask> weighed over . Their sons Rodnia Jr. and George Washington Morrison were dwarfs. In 1861, Rodnia Jr. was about  tall, and George was about . George weighed about .Ancestry
George's ancestors include <mask> (1698–1751), a weaver of English ancestry. William left Derry, Ireland, for North America in the early 18th century. He started a family in colonial New England. A part of Manchester was called Nutfield in the early days of colonization. A pond and a road near the pond were named for early Nutt colonists. P. T. Barnum and the American Museum

<mask>'s career as an entertainer may have started in 1854. He may have been a performer with a small circus in Manchester.The circus manager, William C. Walker, once wrote that he discovered <mask>. He also wrote that he was the first to show him. <mask> was being exhibited and touring the New England countryside with a manager named Lillie when P. T. Barnum learned of him. Lillie was charging as little as a nickel to see the boy whose education had been neglected. Barnum was disgusted. Lillie knew nothing about exhibiting the boy "in the proper style", as Barnum put it. Barnum met <mask> in 1861 when the boy went to the American Museum in New York City.In his autobiography, Barnum wrote that <mask> was "a most remarkable dwarf, who was a sharp, intelligent little fellow, with a deal of drollery and wit. He had a splendid head, was perfectly formed, and was very attractive, and, in short, for a 'showman' was a perfect treasure." Barnum knew <mask> could be a major museum attraction. He hired a lawyer to lure <mask> away from his manager. Following Barnum's orders, the lawyer offered <mask>'s parents a large sum of money to sign their son to a five-year contract. He promised them that the boy

masks:
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
William Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt
Nutt


title: Commodore Nutt

texts:
 would be taught to be "a genteel, accomplished attractive little man". A contract was signed on 12 December 1861.Barnum hired the 13-year-old,  George and his 21-year-old,  brother, Rodnia Jr. The contract required Barnum to give both young men food, clothing, a place to live, and the costs of travel and medical care. Barnum promised to take care of the moral and academic education of the brothers. Salaries would start at US$12 per week with increases every year. The two brothers would each get $30 per week in the fifth and last year of their contract. They would also get 10% from the sales of their souvenir books and photographs, with at least $240 the first year and $440 the last year. At the end of the fifth year, they would receive a carriage and a pair of ponies from Barnum.Publicity campaign

Once the contract was signed, Barnum started a publicity campaign to prepare the public for <mask>'s debut. He let reporters think he was trying to hire the dwarf. When other showmen heard this rumor, they rushed in to offer <mask>'s parents huge sums of money to be the first to sign their son. Barnum was pleased. The publicity created much excitement. In a letter he leaked to reporters, he wrote that he was forced to outbid the competition. The showman claimed to have paid $30,000 to hire the dwarf.The boy then became known as "The $30,000 Nutt". Barnum gave the dwarf the stage name <mask>. In addition, he provided <mask> with a wardrobe that included miniature naval uniforms. For the Commodore's jaunts about town, the showman had a little carriage built for him. This carriage looked like an English walnut. The top of the vehicle was hinged. When the top was lifted, the little Commodore could be seen sitting inside.<mask>'s carriage was pulled by Shetland ponies. It was driven around New York by Rodnia Jr. dressed in the uniform of a coachman. Barnum thought these little trips about town the best form

masks:
Nutt
Nutt
Commodore Nutt
Nutt
Nutt


title: Commodore Nutt

texts:
 of advertisement. <mask>'s carriage is now in the Barnum Museum in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Debut

Commodore <mask> made his debut at Barnum's American Museum in February 1862. He was a great success. Some museum-goers believed they were being "humbugged" by Barnum though.They thought that <mask> was really General Tom Thumb in disguise. <mask> did look like the Tom Thumb of the past, but Thumb had aged and put on weight over the yearsa fact museum-goers either forgot or ignored. <mask> was a scamp; he took pleasure in the public's confusion, and encouraged the error. When <mask> debuted, Thumb was touring the American South and West. Barnum wanted to silence those with doubts at the Museum. He asked Thumb to cut his tour short, return to New York, and perform on the same stage with <mask>. Thumb returned to New York.The little men were billed as "The Two Dromios" and "The Two Smallest Men, and Greatest Curiosities Living." The exhibit opened on 11 August 1862. Despite what their eyes witnessed, some museum-goers still said that <mask> was Tom Thumb in disguise. Barnum wrote, "It is very amusing to see how people will sometimes deceive themselves by being too incredulous." About two months after his debut, <mask> met with New York City Police Department officers. He applied for and was given a policeman's job. He ordered a uniform.Then he sent a telegram to the officers of the Ninth Precinct telling them that he had just gotten a job on the Broadway Squadwith "extraordinary powers to arrest" people outside the Museum and to "take [them] upstairs". President Lincoln
President Abraham Lincoln asked Barnum and <mask> to come to the White House in November 1862. When the two arrived, Lincoln left a cabinet meeting to welcome them. <mask> asked Salmon P. Chase, the Secretary of the Treasury, if he was the man who was spending so much of Uncle Sam's money. Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War,

masks: Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt


title: Commodore Nutt

texts:
 interrupted to say that he was the man. "Well," said <mask>, "It is in a good cause, anyhow, and I guess it will come out all right." As Barnum and <mask> were on their way out, President Lincoln shook <mask>'s hand.He told the Commodore that he should "wade ashore" if his "fleet" was ever in danger. <mask> looked up and down Lincoln's long legs. "I guess, Mr. President", he said, "You could do that better than I could." Personal life

Lavinia Warren

Mercy Lavinia Warren Bump was a dwarf who taught school in her hometown of Middleborough, Massachusetts. She was traveling on a showboat-museum in the Midwest however when Barnum learned of her. He hired her in 1862. Her name was shortened to Lavinia Warren.She first appeared at the Museum in 1863. Warren was 21 years old,  tall, and weighed . Barnum billed her as "The Queen of Beauty". <mask> developed an "adolescent crush" on her, but would be disappointed. Barnum gave Lavinia a diamond and emerald ring. It did not fit her finger properly, so he told her to give the ring to <mask> as a token of her friendship. <mask> regarded the ring as a token of her love instead.He fell more in love with her than ever. Lavinia was uncomfortable with his attentions. She thought of herself as "quite a woman", but regarded <mask> as just a "nice little boy". Thumb was not appearing in New York City when Lavinia was hired, but he met her when he visited the Museum in the autumn of 1862. He told Barnum the same day that he had fallen in love with her. Thumb wanted Barnum on his side in this love affair (rather than on <mask>'s side), so he quietly promised Barnum he would marry Lavinia in a public ceremony. Barnum knew at once that such a spectacle would make him a fortune.He told Lavinia to take Thumb's romantic interest seriously. He reminded her that the little man was rich. Thumb's rival
<mask> knew that Thumb was in love with Lavinia. He was jealous. He had a

masks: Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt Nutt


title: Commodore Nutt

texts:
 fight with Thumb in a dressing room at the Museum. He threw him on the floor and beat him up. <mask> invited himself along when Lavinia was asked to Barnum's home for a weekend visit.Little did he know that Thumb and his mother would be there, too. <mask> left New York City on a train late Saturday night. He got to Barnum's house about 11 pm. He found Thumb and Lavinia alone in the downstairs parlor. Thumb had proposed, and Lavinia had accepted. <mask> only learned of their engagement a week later when Lavinia and Barnum told him. <mask> had a hard time forgiving both Thumb and Barnum for (as he termed it) this "dastardly" offense.Preparations
Lavinia's younger sister Minnie was much smaller than she was. Barnum thought she would make a good match for <mask>. He asked <mask> to think about marrying Minnie. <mask> told Barnum he had little faith in women. He said that he would not marry "the best woman living". Barnum wanted Minnie and <mask> to go to the wedding as Lavinia and Thumb's bridesmaid and best man. <mask> refused.Later, Thumb himself asked <mask> to be his best man. <mask> accepted. He told Barnum, "It was not your business to ask me. When the proper person invited me, I consented." Barnum's "Fairy Wedding"

Thumb and Lavinia were married at Grace Episcopal Church, New York City, on Tuesday 10 February 1863. <mask> and Minnie were best man and bridesmaid at the "Fairy Wedding". Police stopped traffic as people gathered in the streets to see the arrival of the wedding party.The wedding was scheduled to start at noon, but the bride did not arrive until 12:30 pm. Barnum led the wedding party down the center aisle. Two thousand people were invited to the wedding. Mrs. John Jacob Astor, Mrs. William H. Vanderbilt, Mrs. Horace Greeley, and General Ambrose Burnside were there. Members of the church complained about the "marriage of mountebanks". They became irate when they were told they

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