title: John Warner

texts: Despite his less conservative policy stances, <mask> managed to be the second longest-serving senator in Virginia's history, behind only Harry F. Byrd Sr. and by far the longest-serving Republican Senator from the state. On August 31, 2007, <mask> announced that he would not seek re-election in 2008.His committee memberships included the Environment and Public Works Committee, the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. As the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, he protected and increased the flow of billions of dollars into the Virginia economy each year via the state's military installations and shipbuilding firms which served his reelection efforts in every cycle. <mask> was quite moderate, especially in comparison to most Republican Senators from the South. He was among the minority of Republicans to support some gun control laws. He voted for the Brady Bill and, in 1999, was one of only five Republicans to vote to close the so-called gun show loophole. While <mask> voted against the 1994 Assault Weapons Ban, he co-sponsored efforts by Sen. Dianne Feinstein to reauthorize the ban in 2004 and 2005. <mask> supported the Roe v. Wade decision establishing abortion rights and supported embryonic stem cell research, although he received high ratings from anti-abortion groups because he voted in favor of many abortion restrictions.On June 15, 2004, <mask> was among the minority of his party to vote to expand hate crime laws to include sexual orientation as a protected category. He supported a constitutional amendment banning same-sex marriage, but he raised concerns about the most recent Federal Marriage Amendment as being too restrictive, as it would have potentially banned civil unions as well. In 1987, <mask> was one of the few Republicans who voted to reject the nomination of Robert Bork by President Ronald Reagan and the only Southerner to do so. <mask> was re-elected easily in 1984 and 1990, and

masks: Warner Warner Warner Warner Warner Warner Warner Warner


title: John Warner

type: original

texts: faced his first real challenge for re-election in 1996 from political newcomer Democrat <mask> (no relation), a millionaire who vastly outspent the incumbent and produced an unusually close election. <mask> prevailed with 52% of the vote. According to George Stephanopoulos, a former close aide to President Bill Clinton, <mask> was among top choices to replace Les Aspin as the Secretary of Defense in the Clinton administration; Clinton ultimately selected William Perry. In the 1996 United States Presidential election, <mask> served as a Senate teller (along with Democrat Wendell H. Ford) of electoral votes.<mask> was among ten GOP Senators who voted against the charge of perjury during Clinton's impeachment (the others were Richard Shelby of Alabama, Ted Stevens of Alaska, Susan Collins of Maine, Olympia Snowe of Maine, <mask> of Rhode Island, Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania, Jim Jeffords of Vermont, Slade Gorton of Washington, and Fred Thompson of Tennessee). <mask> and others who voted against the article angered many Republicans by their position. However, unlike Snowe, Collins, Specter, Jeffords, and Chafee, the rest of the Republicans voted guilty on the second article. As was the case in 1990, <mask> faced no Democratic opposition in 2002, winning re-election to a fifth term in the Senate by a landslide over Independent candidate Jacob Hornberger. On May 23, 2005, <mask> was one of 14 centrist senators, dubbed the "Gang of 14," to forge a compromise on the Democrats' proposed use of the judicial filibuster, thus blocking the Republican leadership's attempt to implement the so-called nuclear option. Under the agreement, the Democrats would retain the power to filibuster a Bush judicial nominee only in an "extraordinary circumstance", and three Bush appellate court nominees, Janice Rogers Brown, Priscilla Owen, and William H. Pryor, Jr., would receive a vote by the full Senate. On September 17, 2006, <mask> said that U.S. military and intelligence personnel in future wars will

masks:
Mark Warner
John Warner
Warner
Warner
Warner
John Chafee
Warner
Warner
Warner
Warner


title: John Warner

texts: suffer for abuses committed in 2006 by the U.S. in the name of fighting terrorism.He feared that the administration's civilian lawyers and a president who never saw combat were putting U.S. service personnel at risk of torture, summary executions and other atrocities by chipping away at Geneva Conventions’ standards that have protected them since 1949. Following the Supreme Court ruling on Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, which was adverse to the Bush Administration, <mask> (with Senators Lindsey Graham and <mask>) negotiated with the White House the language of the Military Commissions Act of 2006, suspending habeas corpus provisions for anyone deemed by the Executive Branch an "unlawful combatant" and barring them from challenging their detentions in court. <mask>'s vote gave a retroactive, nine-year immunity to U.S. officials who authorized, ordered, or committed acts of torture and abuse, permitting the use of statements obtained through torture to be used in military tribunals so long as the abuse took place by December 30, 2005. <mask>'s "compromise" (approved by a Republican majority) authorized the President to establish permissible interrogation methods and to "interpret the meaning and application" of international Geneva Convention standards, so long as the coercion falls short of "serious" bodily or psychological injury. <mask> maintained that the new law holds true to "core principles" that the U.S. provide fair trials and not be seen as undermining Geneva Conventions. The bill was signed into law on October 17, 2006, in <mask>'s presence. In March 2007, after Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Peter Pace spoke publicly about his views on homosexuality and the military, <mask> said, "I respectfully, but strongly, disagree with the chairman's view that homosexuality is immoral."On August 23, 2007, he called on President Bush to begin bringing U.S. troops home from Iraq by Christmas in order to make it clear to the Iraqi leadership that the U.S. commitment is not indefinite. On August 31,

masks:
Warner
John McCain
Warner
Warner
Warner
Warner
Warner


title: John Warner

texts:
 2007, he announced that he would not seek a sixth term in the Senate in 2008. <mask> was a cosponsor of America's Climate Security Act of 2007, also more commonly referred to as the Cap and Trade Bill, that proposed to ration (cap) carbon emissions in the U.S., and tax or purchase (trade) Carbon credits on the global market for greater U.S. alignment with the Kyoto protocol standards and goals. In September 2008, <mask> joined the Gang of 20, a bipartisan coalition seeking comprehensive energy reform. The group pushed for a bill that would encourage state-by-state decisions on offshore drilling and authorize billions of dollars for conservation and alternative energy. In October 2008, <mask> voted in favor of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008. Committee assignments
Committee on Environment and Public Works
Subcommittee on Private Sector and Consumer Solutions to Global Warming and Wildlife Protection (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure
Committee on Armed Services
Subcommittee on Airland
Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities
Subcommittee on SeaPower
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
Ad Hoc Subcommittee on State, Local, and Private Sector Preparedness and Integration
Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia
Select Committee on Intelligence
Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

Post-Senate life

<mask> was listed as a senior advisor at the website for the D.C. law firm, Hogan Lovells.He was in the firm's Global Regulatory practice group, and his specialties were Aerospace, Defense, and Government Services. He endorsed <mask>, a Democrat, to succeed him in 2008. In 2014, <mask> endorsed <mask>'s Senate reelection bid. On September 28, 2016, <mask> endorsed Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton over Donald Trump, praising Clinton's record of

masks:
Warner
Warner
Warner
Warner
Mark Warner
Warner
Mark Warner
Warner


title: John Warner

texts:
 bipartisan cooperation. In 2018, he endorsed Democrats Tim Kaine for Senate and Abigail Spanberger and Leslie Cockburn for Congress. He did endorse Republican candidates Ed Gillespie for Governor in 2017 and Barbara Comstock for Virginia's 10th congressional district in 2018. In 2020, <mask> endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden for President of the United States and <mask> for his reelection bid to the Senate.<mask> also served as an Honorary Director on the Board of Directors at the Atlantic Council. Honors
On December 12, 2008, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence awarded <mask> the first ever National Intelligence Distinguished Public Service Medal. In 2008, <mask> Family Lecture on International Relations at Old Dominion University. On January 8, 2009, the Secretary of the Navy announced the Navy would name the next  after <mask>. is the twelfth Virginia-class submarine and was commissioned on August 1, 2015 at a ceremony at Naval Station Norfolk. On February 19, 2009 the British Embassy in Washington, D.C., announced that Queen Elizabeth II would name <mask> an honorary Knight Commander for his work strengthening the American-British military alliance. As a person who is not a British citizen (or a citizen of a country which acknowledges the British monarch as their own monarch), the title of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire only allowed <mask> to put the Post-nominal letters KBE after his name.The annual Senator <mask><mask> Award is given to a third year undergraduate student at the University of Virginia who exhibits a serious, convincing ambition to seek future election to public office. This award honors an individual who strives for service in an elected office, whether it is a part-time city council position or a full-time legislative or executive office. Successful candidates demonstrate the required courage to stand up and ask fellow citizens for their valued vote. The award of up to $3,000 funds a research project

masks:
Warner
Mark Warner
Warner
Warner
Warneraldo
John Warner
John Warner
Warner
John W
. Warner


title: John Warner

texts:
 in an area that will inform the recipient's future career as an elected official. Award recipients include: <mask> Nay, Casey Enders, James Linville, and Sarah Buckley. On May 2, 2013, <mask> and United States Marine Corps representatives broke ground for the Senator <mask> W. <mask> Center for Advanced Military Studies at Marine Corps University in Quantico, Virginia. The Warner Center is home to the Marine Corps Command and Staff College, School of Advanced Warfighting and College of Distance Education and Training, and the Brigadier General Simmons Center for Marine Corps History, including the archives of the Marine Corps and the history division.Personal life
In August 1957, <mask> married banking heiress Catherine Conover Mellon, the daughter of art collector Paul Mellon and his first wife, Mary Conover, and the granddaughter of Andrew Mellon. By his marriage, <mask> accrued substantial capital for investing and expanding his political contacts. The <mask>s, who divorced in 1973, had three children: Virginia, <mask><mask>, IV, and Mary. His former wife now uses the name Catherine Conover. <mask> was the sixth husband of actress Elizabeth Taylor, whom he married in December 1976, at the Second Presbyterian Church in Richmond, Virginia, before being elected to the Senate. They divorced in November 1982. <mask> was the last surviving, as well as the longest-lived, of Taylor's seven husbands.<mask> was linked romantically to broadcast journalist Barbara Walters in the 1990s. In December 2003, he married Jeanne Vander Myde, a real estate agent and the widow of Reagan administration defense department official Paul Vander Myde. <mask> is not related to <mask>, his successor in the Senate. Death and funeral
<mask> died from heart failure at his home in Alexandria, Virginia, on May 25, 2021, at age 94. <mask>'s funeral was held June 23, 2021, at Washington National Cathedral. President Joe Biden, Senators Tim Kaine and <mask>, and Admiral Michael Mullen were among those who spoke at

masks:
John Jacob
Warner
John
Warner
Warner
Warner
Warner
John W
. Warner
Warner
Warner
Warner
John Warner
Mark Warner
Warner
Warner
Mark Warner


title: Nicholas Skeres

texts:
<mask> (March 1563 – c. 1601) was an Elizabethan con-man and government informer—i.e. a "professional deceiver"—and one of the three "gentlemen" who were with the poet and playwright Christopher Marlowe when he was killed in Deptford in May 1593. Together with another of the men there, Robert Poley, he had played a part in the discovery of the Babington plot against the life of the Queen in 1586, and at the time of Marlowe's death was engaged in a money-lending swindle with the third of them, Marlowe's reported killer Ingram Frizer. Early life
<mask> was born the second son of a merchant tailor, <mask> senior, in March 1563, probably in the family's parish of All-Hallows-the-Less, near London Bridge. His father died when he was only three years old, however, leaving each of his two sons and his widow a third of his estate. In fact this included land in Yorkshire, the Skeres or Skyeres family having once lived at Skyeres Hall near Wentworth. Despite his father's occupation, neither he nor his brother went to the Merchant Taylors' School, although according to the School's register, their cousin <mask> junior did attend in 1564.On the other hand, he does seem to have been a law student at Furnival's Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery, which would imply a reasonable level of education, and the relationships he apparently established with several well-known writers including Marlowe, would suggest it too. On 7 July 1585, writing to Lord Burghley, William Fleetwood mentioned a "<mask>keeres" among a number of "maisterles men & cut-purses, whose practice is to robbe Gentlemen's chambers and Artificers' shoppes in and about London". However, as Charles Nicholl argues, it seems unlikely that such a man would be employed in important government business as this <mask>

masks:
Nicholas Skeres
Skeres
Nicholas Skeres
Ralph Skeres
Nicholas S
Nicholas Skeres


title: Nicholas Skeres

texts:
 appears to have been a year later. Confidence trickster
In April 1593, <mask> was called before the Court of Star Chamber as a witness in the case of Smith vs Wolfall, in which the skinner Wolfall was accused of obtaining money under false pretences. Skeres had lured Smith into Wolfall's clutches, a role he admitted to having undertaken many times before over the past ten or twelve years. Wolfall's victims apparently included Matthew Royden, George Chapman and Thomas Lodge. In fact <mask>'s association with loan sharks seems to have even gone back to his early teens, although he claimed that he had only ever done this under duress.A month after this appearance, however, he was engaged in exactly the same activity on behalf of Ingram Frizer, and his gulling of a young man called Drew Woodleff. Government agent
It has been suggested that a man called "Skeggs", known to have been in the company of Sir Francis Walsingham's young relative Thomas Walsingham in France in 1581, was this <mask>. Whether this is true or not, there is little doubt that he was involved in Sir Francis's disclosure of the 1586 Babington plot with Thomas Walsingham and Robert Poley. Here is how Charles Nicholl describes it. "(T)wo of Babington's 'crew' ... had been seen there: 'Dunn' and 'Skyeres'. Dunn is Henry Dunne, who was among those executed the following month. 'Skyeres'—a spelling he uses in his signature—is almost certainly <mask>.It looks like he was there as a government plant. He was recognized by (Sir Francis) Walsingham's watchers, and was named without further comment in (the) report. His name does not figure among those later arrested. He quietly drops from the story, almost certainly because he was Walsingham's man all along." In 1589 Skeres was also paid on a warrant

masks:
Skeres
Skeres
Nicholas Skeres
Nicholas Skeres


title: Nicholas Skeres

texts:
 signed by Sir Francis Walsingham for the carrying of confidential letters between the Earl of Essex (in Exeter) and the court. Witness of Christopher Marlowe's death
In 1925, Leslie Hotson discovered details of the inquest on the death of the famous poet/dramatist, Christopher Marlowe, in the house of Eleanor Bull in Deptford, at which <mask> was one of the three "gentlemen" also present. The report itself tells us that one of them, Ingram Frizer, having been attacked by Marlowe from behind because of a dispute over payment of the bill (the "reckoning"), killed him in self-defence by stabbing him over the right eye.Skeres and the other man, government agent Robert Poley—with whom Skeres had worked on exposing the Babington plot—testified that they were sitting on either side of Frizer in such a manner that he "in no wise could take flight" when Marlowe attacked him. Although some biographers still accept the story told at the inquest as a true account, the majority nowadays find it hard to believe, and suggest that it was a deliberate murder, even though there is little agreement as to just who was behind it or their motive for such a course of action. The Marlovian theory even argues that the most logical reason for those people to have been there at that time was to fake Marlowe's death, allowing him to escape almost certain trial and execution for his seditious atheism. Skeres and the Earl of Essex
It is not clear exactly who it was that Skeres was serving when carrying the messages between Essex and the court in 1589, but there is no doubt that he became a servant of the former when he went to France with Essex as a member of his expeditionary force to Normandy in 1591/2. During his appearance in 1593 before the Star Chamber—of which Essex was a new


title: Nicholas Skeres

texts:
 member—he was still referring to the Earl as his "lord and master". In an undated letter from Skeres to Essex's right-hand man Gelly Meyrick, he indicates that he is for some reason no longer in the Earl's good books, and seeks Meyrick's help in returning to the Earl's service. He insists that he intends to amend his previous ways (which seems to refer to his touting for loan sharks) which suggests a date after 1593 and before 1596 (because the "Mr. Meyrick" to whom he wrote became "Sir Gelly" Meyrick in 1596).In this case, the letter seems to have worked, since (as Hotson puts it) "'<mask>, alias Skeers, servant to the Earl of Essex' was arrested on 13 March 1594/5 by Sir Richard Martin, Alderman, "in a very dangerous company" at the house of Edmund Williamson. Nicholl puts this in context, however. "It is decided 'to discharge all the persons committed that gave us good account of their dealings'. Skeres was among those released" and "<mask>'s presence in (Williamson's) house suggests his use of 'brokery' as a cover for political surveillance". Edmund Williamson's brother, <mask>, "had been 'apprehended for treason' a few days earlier." That Skeres continued to serve the Earl of Essex seems fairly likely, as the last time we hear of him is on 31 July 1601, after the failure of the Essex Rebellion, when <mask> was arrested along with other Essex supporters. The Privy Council issued warrants to the Keeper of the prison at Newgate for "the removal of <mask> and --- Farmer, prisoners in his custodie, unto Bridewell".As was so often the case with Bridewell prison's political prisoners, nothing is heard of him after that date. Footnotes

References

1563 births
1600s deaths
Year of death uncertain
Confidence tricksters
16th-century English criminals
Police

masks:
Nicholas Kyrse
Skeres
Nicholas
Skeres
Nicholas Skiers


title: Ric Ocasek

texts:
<mask> (March 23, 1944 – September 15, 2019), known as <mask>, was an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer. He was the primary co-lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist, songwriter, and frontman for the rock band the Cars. In addition to his work with the Cars, Ocasek recorded seven solo albums, and his song "Emotion in Motion" was a top 20 hit in the United States in 1986. Ocasek also worked as a record producer for artists such as Motion City Soundtrack, Suicide, Bad Brains, Weezer, Nada Surf, Guided by Voices, and No Doubt. In 2018, Ocasek was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Cars. Early life
Ocasek was born on March 23, 1944, and grew up in Baltimore, Maryland. When he was 16 years old, his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where his father worked as a systems analyst with NASA at the Lewis Research Center.He graduated from Maple Heights High School in 1963. Ocasek briefly attended Antioch College and Bowling Green State University, but dropped out to pursue a career in music. Ocasek met future Cars bassist Benjamin Orr in Cleveland in 1965 after Ocasek saw Orr performing with his band the Grasshoppers on the Big 5 Show, a local musical variety program. He reconnected with Orr a few years later in Columbus, Ohio, and the two began performing in and booking bands together. They formed a band called ID Nirvana in 1968 and performed in and around Ohio State University. Career

Early career
After performing in various bands in Columbus and Ann Arbor, Michigan, <mask> and Orr relocated to Boston in the early 1970s. There they formed a Crosby, Stills and Nash-style folk rock band called Milkwood.They released one album, How's the Weather, on Paramount Records in early 1973 but it failed to chart. Future Cars keyboardist Greg Hawkes played on Milkwood's album. After Milkwood, <mask> formed the group Richard and the

masks:
Richard Theodore Otcasek
Ric Ocasek
Ocasek
Ocasek


title: Ric Ocasek

texts:
 Rabbits, which included Orr and Hawkes. <mask> and Orr also performed as an acoustic duo during this period. Some of the songs they played became the early Cars songs. Later, <mask> and Orr teamed up with guitarist Elliot Easton in the band Cap'n Swing. Cap'n Swing soon came to the attention of WBCN disc jockey Maxanne Sartori, who began playing songs from their demo tape on her show.After Cap'n Swing was rejected by several record labels, Ocasek got rid of the bass player and drummer and decided to form a band that better fit his style of writing. Orr took over on bass and David Robinson, best known for his career with the Modern Lovers, became the drummer. Hawkes returned to play keyboards and the band became "the Cars" in late 1976. The Cars

Ocasek was a founding member of the Cars, recording numerous hit songs from 1978 to 1988. He played rhythm guitar and sang lead vocals for a majority of songs (bassist Benjamin Orr was lead vocalist on the remaining tracks). Ocasek was the oldest member of the band. After splitting writing duty with Orr in the 1970s, Ocasek became the principal songwriter of the band, and wrote nearly all of the Cars' material, sharing credit on only a few songs with bandmate Greg Hawkes as co-writer.In 2010, Ocasek reunited with the surviving original members of the Cars to record their first album in 24 years. The album, entitled Move Like This, was released on May 10, 2011. Not long after the album's release and its supporting tour, however, the Cars resumed their hiatus, and reunited once again in April 2018 for a performance at the ceremony of their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Production
During his time with the Cars, Ocasek developed a reputation as a producer, and took this role for many up-and-coming bands of differing genres including Bad Brains' Rock for Light and Guided by Voices' Do the Collapse. His

masks: Ocasek Ocasek


title: Ric Ocasek

texts:
 other production credits include Weezer's Blue Album and Green Album (both multi-platinum), Suicide, Romeo Void, Hole, Bebe Buell, No Doubt, Nada Surf, Irish folk-punk band Black 47, Bad Religion, Johnny Bravo, D Generation, the Wannadies, Possum Dixon, Martin Rev, <mask>, and the 2006 album by the Pink Spiders titled Teenage Graffiti. He also produced a portion of the third Motion City Soundtrack album, Even If It Kills Me. In 2014, Ocasek produced Everything Will Be Alright in the End, the ninth studio album by Weezer and his third collaboration with the band, and For All My Sisters, the sixth album by the Cribs.Solo career
Ocasek released his first solo album in 1982. Beatitude is a somewhat more experimental variation of the Cars' new wave rock sound. On some tracks Ocasek played all of the instruments. Greg Hawkes also played on the album. A more synthesizer-heavy follow-up, This Side of Paradise, was released in 1986; this featured Hawkes, Elliot Easton and Ben Orr. A No. 15 hit single, "Emotion in Motion", accompanied the album.The Cars disbanded in 1988, and Ocasek disappeared from the public eye for a couple of years. He resurfaced in 1990 with his own album, Fireball Zone. One track, "Rockaway", enjoyed a brief stay on the charts, but his solo albums realized disappointing sales, especially compared to his success with the Cars. He subsequently released other solo works during the decade, including 1993's Quick Change World, 1996's Getchertiktz (a collaboration with Suicide's Alan Vega and Canadian poet Gillian McCain comprising only Beat poetry set to music, sound effects, etc. ), and 1997's Billy Corgan-produced Troublizing (which Ocasek supported with a very brief tour, his first since leaving the Cars). In 2005 Ocasek released another album, Nexterday, to little fanfare, but it received positive reviews. Recordings by Ocasek were reportedly


title: Ric Ocasek

texts:
 Orr were close friends who became estranged when the band broke up.The two reconciled prior to Orr's death in 2000. Their friendship was commemorated in the song "Silver", which Ocasek wrote in memory of Orr. Ocasek was married three times. His first wife Constance divorced him in Ohio in 1971. In the same year he married Suzanne Otcasek, who uses the original spelling of Ocasek's name. They were married for 17 years. During filming of the music video for the Cars' song "Drive" in 1984, Ocasek met 18-year-old Czech-born supermodel Paulina Porizkova, while he was still married to Suzanne.<mask> and Suzanne divorced in 1988. He and Porizkova were married on August 23, 1989 on Saint-Barthélemy island. In May 2018, Porizkova announced she and <mask> had separated a year earlier. Ocasek had six sons, two from each of his three marriages. His eldest son, Christopher (b. 1964), is a singer who formed the rock group Glamour Camp which released one album in 1989, and appeared as a solo artist in the film Pretty Woman (1990). His other children include Adam (b.1970), Eron (b. 1973), Derek (b. 1981), Jonathan Raven (b. 1993), and Oliver (b. 1999). Death
Ocasek was found dead on September 15, 2019, by his estranged wife, Paulina Porizkova, at his New York City townhouse, which they still shared following their separation the previous May. He had been recovering from surgery.The Chief Medical Examiner office reported that Ocasek died from natural causes. He suffered from both hypertensive heart and coronary artery disease. Porizkova and <mask> were still in the process of their divorce, but he had disinherited her in a new will, alleging that before his recent surgery she had abandoned him. He also disinherited two of his six sons (Chris and Adam), which required a probate judge to rule on the veracity of the abandonment claims before the remaining estate could be

masks: Ocasek Ocasek Ocasek


title: Cecilia Young

texts:
<mask> (also <mask>) (January 1712 – 6 October 1789) was one of the greatest English sopranos of the eighteenth century, the wife of composer Thomas Arne, and the mother of composer Michael Arne. According to the music historian Charles Burney, she had "a good natural voice and a fine shake [and] had been so well taught, that her style of singing was infinitely superior to that of any other English woman of her time". She was part of a well-known English family of musicians that included several professional singers and organists. <mask> enjoyed a large amount of success through her close association with George Frideric Handel. She appeared in several of his oratorios and operas including the premieres of Ariodante (1735), Alcina (1735), Alexander's Feast (1736) and Saul (1739). Biography

Early life, education, and early career

<mask> was born in London sometime during January 1712 and was baptised on the following 7 February. Born into the well known <mask> family of musicians, both her father, <mask>, and his brother, <mask>, were well known organists and minor composers.The eldest of four, <mask>'s younger sisters, Isabella and Esther, were also successful singers. Although her younger brother Charles was a clerk at the Treasury and not a professional musician, his daughters Isabella, Elizabeth, and Polly followed in the foot steps of their aunts to become successful singers. <mask>'s earliest musical studies were under her father but she eventually became a pupil of Francesco Geminiani. She made her professional singing debut in a series of concerts during March 1730. She made her opera debut two years later in a production by John Frederick Lampe, her brother-in-law, and J. S.

masks:
Cecilia Young
Cecilia Arne
Young
Cecilia Young
Young
Charles Young
Anthony Young
Cecilia
Young


title: Cecilia Young

texts:
 Smith. She appeared in several more of their operas over the next two years. Through her association with Lampe, <mask> met the young composer and her future husband Thomas Arne.She appeared in his first opera Rosamund on 7 March 1733. In 1734 <mask> met George Frideric Handel after the composer heard her in concert. Impressed with the young singer, he immediately decided to hire her to portray the role of Dalinda in his upcoming opera Ariodante. The work premiered at the Covent Garden Theatre on 8 January 1735 and <mask>'s performance, along with the rest of the cast, was enthusiastically received. This was the beginning of a fruitful association between <mask> and Handel which would last over the next decade. She appeared in several of his productions including the role of Morgana in the world premier of Alcina (1735) and in the world premiers of the oratorios Alexander's Feast (1736) and Saul (1739). She also sang the title role in the first London performance of Athalia and appeared in several revivals of the composers works during the early 1740s.Mid life and career

By 1736, <mask> was romantically involved with composer Thomas Arne. Her father, however, was opposed to their marrying as Arne was a Roman Catholic and did not follow the teachings of the Church of England. Against her father's will, <mask> married Arne on 15 March 1737. After their marriage, she appeared in several of her husband's stage productions including the immensely popular masques Comus (1738), Alfred (1740), and The Judgement of Paris (1742). <mask>'s singing and her strong acting skills became indispensable assets to her husband and she contributed greatly to his first enduring successes. In either late 1740

masks: Young Young Young Young Young Young Young


title: Cecilia Young

texts:
 or early 1741, <mask> gave birth to her only child Michael Arne who would grow up to be a composer. Up until this time, <mask>'s career had been confined almost solely to London.However, this changed when her sister-in-law and celebrated actress/singer Susannah Arne moved to Dublin in December 1741 to avoid the scandal surrounding her recently failed marriage to actor Theophilus Cibber. Susannah began performing in Dublin with Handel in the spring of 1742. She most notably sang the contralto solos in the first performance of Handel's Messiah on 13 April. Their success inspired Thomas Arne and <mask> to try their luck in Dublin and they soon arrived, along with tenor Thomas Lowe, the following June. The Arnes stayed for two seasons in Dublin and staged a number of Handel oratorios in addition to several of Thomas's works. <mask> sang in most of these concerts including the premiere of her husband's first oratorio The Death of Abel at Dublin's Smock Alley Theatre on 18 February 1744. <mask> also gave a solo concert in Dublin that year which was received enthusiastically.The Arnes returned to London in August 1744. Shortly thereafter, Thomas Arne began a long and fruitful association with concerts in London's pleasure gardens when vocal performance became one of the regular forms of entertainment. He became the appointed official composer for Vauxhall in 1745 and also presented material at the Marylebone and Ranelagh Gardens. <mask> performed in many of these concerts in 1745 and 1746 including Colin and Phoebe which, according to Charles Burney, was "constantly encored every night for more than three months". Later life and career
In 1746 <mask> began to experience intermittent health

masks: Young Young Cecilia Young Young Young Young


title: Cecilia Young

texts:
 problems which would plague her for the rest of her life. As a result, her singing appearances became much less frequent and she only appeared in a handful of stage roles over the next decade, the last being as Britannia in Arne's Eliza in 1754. Her concert schedule was also much diminished with her only notable appearances being a 1748 winter concert season in Dublin with the Lampes, where she sang the role of Galatea in Handel's Acis and Galatea, and a few intermittent concerts in London between 1747–1754.To compound her problems, <mask>'s marriage was becoming increasingly unhappy. In 1755 the couple returned to Dublin for performances at the Smock Alley Theatre and while there the marriage broke down with Thomas leaving <mask> in Ireland with her young niece Polly. Thomas filed for legal separation alleging that she was mentally ill. He agreed to support her with £40 a year, though in 1758 her friend Mrs Delany wrote that she was "much humbled", teaching singing in Downpatrick: "She has been severely used by a bad husband, and suffered to starve, if she had not met with charitable people". However, other records indicate that she received a reasonable amount of money from the sales of published collections of his music. <mask> returned to London with Polly in 1762. She made only one more known public performance, appearing at a benefit concert for Polly and her husband, composer François-Hippolyte Barthélémon, in 1774.She reconciled with her husband shortly before his death in 1778, after which she lived with Polly and François until her death in London in 1789. References

1712 births
1789 deaths
18th-century British women opera singers
English operatic sopranos
Singers from

masks: Young Cecilia Young


title: Brad Richards

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<mask> (born May 2, 1980) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre. <mask> was drafted in the third round, 64th overall, by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft and played for the Lightning, New York Rangers, Dallas Stars, Chicago Blackhawks and Detroit Red Wings during his National Hockey League (NHL) career. <mask> is a two-time Stanley Cup champion, having won in 2004 with the Lightning, where he was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Most Valuable Player during the playoffs. He also won in 2015 as a member of the Blackhawks. Early career
<mask> was born and raised in Murray Harbour, Prince Edward Island. Since age 14, <mask> has been friends with Vincent Lecavalier after they met at Athol Murray College of Notre Dame, a boarding school with a renowned hockey program in Wilcox, Saskatchewan. They were roommates and soon became good friends as they were both the youngest players on their hockey team.Since then, they went on to become teammates for the Rimouski Océanic of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL) and the Tampa Bay Lightning. Lecavalier was also responsible for suggesting to Lightning management after they had drafted him to draft <mask>. In his final season with Rimouski, <mask> won nearly every honour possible for a Canadian junior player in the QMJHL: he earned the Jean Béliveau Trophy after leading the QMJHL with 186 points, as well as the Telus Cup, given to the league's best offensive player; he won the QMJHL and Canadian Hockey League Plus/Minus Awards with a plus-80 mark, and was a First-Team All-Star in both the Quebec circuit and the Canadian Hockey League (CHL), as well as the CHL Player of the Year and Leading Scorer. In the post-season, <mask> took home both the Guy Lafleur Trophy as MVP of the QMJHL playoffs, then the Stafford Smythe Memorial Trophy as MVP of the 2000 Memorial Cup, as

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title: Brad Richards

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 the Océanic won both the QMJHL playoff title and the CHL Memorial Cup. Playing career

Tampa Bay Lightning

<mask> was drafted in the third round, 64th overall, by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1998 NHL Entry Draft, having recorded 82 assists and 115 points in his draft year. During that same draft, the Lightning selected Vincent Lecavalier, <mask>' teammate at both the Athol Murray College of Notre Dame and Rimouski, with the first overall pick. During the 2003–04 NHL season, the Lightning would win their first Stanley Cup, with <mask>' contributions during the playoffs earning him the Conn Smythe Trophy as most valuable player of the postseason, which included a record seven game-winning goals, overtaking Joe Sakic's and Joe Nieuwendyk's record of six.He also won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy that season. Later that year, he won the World Cup of Hockey Championship playing on Team Canada. On September 26, 2004, the Rimouski Océanic of the QMJHL retired <mask>' jersey. <mask> played for Ak Bars Kazan in the Russian Superleague (RSL) during the 2004–05 NHL lockout on a team with fellow NHLers Ilya Kovalchuk, Alexei Kovalev, Vincent Lecavalier, Michael Nylander, Alexei Zhitnik, Dany Heatley and Nikolai Khabibulin. <mask> also played for Team Canada at the 2006 Olympics. After the Lightning were eliminated from the 2006 playoffs, the Lightning re-signed <mask> to a five-year, US$39 million contract extension. Dallas Stars
On February 26, 2008, roughly three hours before the NHL trade deadline, <mask> was traded to the Dallas Stars in a blockbuster deal (along with goaltender Johan Holmqvist) in exchange for goaltender Mike Smith, centre Jeff Halpern, winger Jussi Jokinen and a 2009 fourth-round draft pick.<mask> set the Stars' franchise record of most assists in a player's team debut game with five; the record is also a career high for <mask>. In

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 the game, Dallas defeated the Chicago Blackhawks 7–4, and <mask> was named the game's first star. In the 2008 playoffs, <mask> tied an NHL record by scoring four points in a single period in a game against the San Jose Sharks. During the 2008–09 season, <mask> tallied 16 goals and 48 points in 55 games before sustaining a broken right wrist following a check from Columbus Blue Jackets forward Jakub Voráček on February 16, 2009. <mask> met with a specialist the following day and missed 15 games. <mask> returned to the Stars' line-up on March 21, but he then broke his other hand in the third period of Dallas' loss to San Jose. He would not return for the rest of the season, and the Stars missed the playoffs.In the 2009–10 off-season, the team removed general managers Brett Hull and Les Jackson, who had traded for <mask>, and fired head coach Dave Tippett, replacing the latter with Marc Crawford. Despite the new regime and the team's woeful finish in the standings for the second-straight season, <mask> enjoyed a career year, matching a personal high with 91 points scored, playing mainly alongside Loui Eriksson and roommate James Neal. <mask> finished seventh in the NHL points standings that year, just behind former Lightning teammate Martin St. Louis. He also finished fourth in the NHL in total assists and second in powerplay points. However, the Stars failed to reach 2010 playoffs. After the season, <mask> was named a finalist for the Lady Byng Trophy. New York Rangers

After becoming an unrestricted free agent, <mask> signed a nine-year, $60 million contract with the New York Rangers on July 2, 2011, reuniting him with John Tortorella, his head coach from the 2004 Lightning team that won the Stanley Cup, and another member of that 2004 team, Ruslan Fedotenko.He was also approached by the Calgary Flames, Los Angeles Kings, Toronto Maple Leafs and the


title: Brad Richards

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 Tampa Bay Lightning. On October 8, 2011, <mask> scored his first goal as a Ranger in a 2–1 shootout loss to the Anaheim Ducks. The game was played at the Ericsson Globe in Stockholm. He would go on to record 25 goals along with 41 assists during his first season with the Rangers, as well as six goals and nine assists in 20 playoff games, as the Rangers were ultimately eliminated from the 2012 playoffs by the New Jersey Devils. On April 19, 2013, <mask> scored his first career NHL hat-trick in a game against the Buffalo Sabres. On March 5, 2014, the Rangers acquired Martin St. Louis, reuniting the two, who were previously teammates when the Lightning won the cup in 2004. St. Louis and <mask> both played integral roles in the Rangers' run to the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals, which they lost in five games to the Los Angeles Kings.On June 20, 2014, the remainder of <mask>' contract was bought out by the Rangers to increase salary cap space, rendering him an unrestricted free agent, and ending the brief reunion between him and St. Louis. Chicago Blackhawks
On July 1, 2014, <mask> signed a one-year, $2 million contract with the Chicago Blackhawks. He wore number 91 for the Blackhawks, the first player in team history to do so, as his usual #19 was already being worn by Blackhawks captain Jonathan Toews <mask> played in his 1,000th career NHL game on November 16, 2014, against his former team, the Dallas Stars. In 76 regular season games with the Blackhawks, <mask> scored 12 goals with 25 assists. The Blackhawks, with <mask>, later faced one of his former teams, the Lightning, in the 2015 Stanley Cup Finals. Chicago would prevail in six games, giving <mask> his second Stanley Cup title. He assisted on Patrick Kane's late 3rd period goal in the deciding Game 6 at the United Center, sealing the victory.Detroit Red Wings
On July 1, 2015, <mask> signed a one-year,


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 $3 million contract with the Detroit Red Wings, worth up to $4 million with playoff bonuses. With <mask>' traditional #19 retired for Steve Yzerman and #91 not having been worn in Detroit by anyone since Sergei Fedorov, <mask> chose to wear #17 with the Red Wings, becoming the 3rd Prince Edward Island native to wear the jersey number with the club after Forbes Kennedy in 1958-60, and Gerard Gallant in 1985-93. The Red Wings narrowly made the playoffs for the 25th consecutive season. <mask>' late-season efforts included a game-tying goal against his former Rangers teammates on March 12 with 32 seconds remaining (the Red Wings later won the game 2–1 in overtime), and a two-point game against the Toronto Maple Leafs on April 2. He'd finish the season with 10 goals and 18 assists in 68 games. In the 2016 Stanley Cup playoffs, <mask> scored one goal as the Red Wings were eliminated in five games by the Lightning in Round 1. Had the Red Wings advanced, <mask> was due a $250,000 bonus with an additional $750,000 available if they had won the second round as well.On July 20, 2016, <mask> announced his retirement from professional hockey. In a statement issued by the National Hockey League Players Association, <mask> reflected on his Cup wins: "Winning the Stanley Cups in Tampa Bay and Chicago was the best part of my career and I will never forget those moments. Nothing compares to enjoying that night with your team and knowing what you have accomplished together." Personal life
During the off-season, <mask> goes back to his birthplace of Murray Harbour, Prince Edward Island. <mask> has hosted the Brad Richards PEI Celebrity Golf Classic for the past six years. The event supports two charities: Children's Wish Foundation, Prince Edward Island Chapter and Autism Society of Prince Edward Island. He is friends with Hockey Night in Canada host Ron MacLean, who

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 spends a lot of time in PEI.During his time with the Rangers, <mask> lived in an apartment in Manhattan. <mask> rented a suite at the St. Pete Times Forum (now called the Amalie Arena) for several Tampa Bay Lightning hockey games and invited families dealing with various forms of pediatric cancer to use it. After each game, he would go and visit the children who had come to watch the game. It began during the 2002–03 season and ended in 2008. When he was traded to the Dallas Stars, he continued his charity work with the Children's Medical Center's Oncology Department, supplying tickets for sick children. He also donates tickets to every home game to men and women in the military. <mask> underwent arthroscopic hip surgery on April 23, 2010, to repair a small labrum tear.In September 2010, he donated $500,000 to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Charlottetown, PEI. <mask> and his wife Rechelle have two children. <mask> speaks both English and French. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honors

Records
Most game-winning goals in a single playoffs seasons (7; 2004)

See also
List of NHL players with 1000 games played

References

External links

1980 births
Ak Bars Kazan players
Athol Murray College of Notre Dame alumni
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Canadian ice hockey centres
Chicago Blackhawks players
Conn Smythe Trophy winners
Dallas Stars players
Detroit Red Wings players
Ice hockey people from Prince Edward Island
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Lady Byng Memorial Trophy winners
Living people
Memorial Cup winners
National Hockey League All-Stars
New York Rangers personnel
New York Rangers players
Olympic ice hockey players of Canada
People from Kings County, Prince Edward Island
Rimouski Océanic players
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning draft picks
Tampa Bay Lightning

masks: Richards Richards Richards Richards Richards


title: Orly Taitz

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<mask> (; born August 30, 1960) is a Moldovan-American political conspiracy theorist and political candidate. A dentist, lawyer, and former real estate agent, <mask> was a figure in the "birther" movement, which promoted the conspiracy theory that Barack Obama was not a natural-born citizen eligible to serve as president of the United States. Taitz also promotes other conspiracy theories both related and unrelated to Obama. <mask> has initiated lawsuits on behalf of the "birther" movement; all were dismissed by the courts, and on one occasion Taitz was ordered to pay $20,000 as a sanction for misconduct in filing frivolous claims. Taitz has unsuccessfully run in statewide elections in California three times. Early life and immigration
<mask> was born to a Jewish family in Kishinev, Moldavian SSR, in the Soviet Union (present-day Moldova). Both of her parents were science teachers.In 1981, <mask> immigrated to Israel, where she obtained a dentistry degree at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1987, she met Yosef <mask> who proposed four months later. <mask> immigrated to the United States in May 1987, marrying the Latvian-born Yosef in Las Vegas. <mask> became a naturalized United States citizen in 1992. She received her law degree from Taft Law School and was admitted to practice law in California in December 2002. <mask> lives in Laguna Niguel, California, and owns dental practices in nearby Mission Viejo and Rancho Santa Margarita. She has three sons, holds a second degree black belt in Taekwondo, and speaks five languages: English, Hebrew, Romanian or Moldovan, Russian, and Spanish.Before her national news exposure, <mask> was quoted in The Orange County Register in 2006

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title: Orly Taitz

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 supporting Israeli military actions against Hamas and Hezbollah, and downplaying the impact of the espionage trial of two American Israel Public Affairs Committee staffers. (Charges against both were subsequently dropped.) <mask> has also said that she lost relatives in the Holocaust and that her grandmother witnessed the Kishinev pogrom. Activities

<mask>'s claims regarding President Obama

<mask> claimed that U.S. president Obama was not a natural-born citizen of the United States and was therefore ineligible to serve as President. She claimed he was born in Kenya and that he falsified his Selective Service papers and his application to the Illinois bar. Taitz made other claims against Obama, including:

That a number of homosexuals from Obama's former church have died mysteriously. That Obama had dozens of Social Security numbers, and his passport was inaccurate.<mask> claimed that a person who was cooperating with the FBI in connection with Obama's passport died mysteriously, "shot in the head". That a Kenyan birth certificate with the name "Barack Obama" is authentic. That Obama's first act as president was to donate money to Hamas, which she claims will be used to build Qassam rockets. That Obama, or someone connected to him, has made threats to <mask>'s life and vandalized her car. The FEMA camps conspiracy theory: Obama is having the Federal Emergency Management Agency build internment camps for "Anti-Obama dissidents". That Osama bin Laden was killed years before 2011 when he actually died, with his body kept on ice, and the announcement of his death was timed to divert attention from an upcoming court case she was litigating challenging Obama's citizenship. Claims

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 about the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting conspiracy theories: <mask> blamed Obama for the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, writing on her website, "Was Adam Lanza drugged and hypnotised by his handlers to make him into a killing machine as an excuse as  the regime is itching to take all means of self defense from the populace before the economic collapse?"Taitz's other claims
Taitz has also supported a number of other theories not directly related to President Obama, including:
Goldman Sachs runs the United States Treasury. Baxter International has developed a bird flu vaccine that kills people. Representative Alcee Hastings and the House of Representatives are planning to build at least six labor camps. Hugo Chávez owns the software that runs American voting machines. FactCheck is untrustworthy because of its links to the Annenberg Foundation. Taitz has also advocated numerous Internet-related theories, including PayPal attacks, the deletion of her Wikipedia entry, and Google's flagging her webpage as an attack site and suppressing search results for her name. Taitz has stated that 2016 Republican presidential candidates Ted Cruz, Marco Rubio, and Bobby Jindal were not natural-born citizens and therefore were ineligible for the office they sought.Legal actions

Challenges to and during Obama's first presidential term

Keyes v. Bowen
In November 2008, Taitz filed a lawsuit on behalf of independent presidential candidate Alan Keyes, suing California's secretary of state, Debra Bowen, for allegedly failing to ascertain Obama's eligibility for president before placing him on the ballot. The case was dismissed on May 4, 2009. The U.S. Supreme Court declined without


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 comment to review the case on October 3, 2011. Lightfoot v. Bowen
Taitz filed an emergency petition in the California Supreme Court in 2008 on behalf of Libertarian vice presidential candidate Gail Lightfoot to stop the certification of California's 2008 election results because of the challenge to Obama's eligibility. The California Supreme Court denied the petition, and the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case. Barnett v. Obama
Taitz filed a lawsuit on behalf of Pamela Barnett, Alan Keyes, other candidates in the 2008 federal elections, several military personnel, and some legislators from various states alleging that Obama was ineligible to be president. On October 29, 2009, U.S. District Court Judge David O. Carter dismissed the lawsuit.The dismissal criticized <mask>'s legal abilities, stated her behavior was "unethical", and suggested that Taitz "may have suborned perjury". On December 22, 2011, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit affirmed the dismissal. On June 11, 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court declined, without comment, a request by litigants not represented by <mask> to hear the case. Cook v. Good
Taitz represented Stefan F. Cook, a major in the United States Army Reserve, who challenged orders implementing his voluntary deployment to Afghanistan because of his claim that Obama was not a legitimate president. The case was dismissed when the Army Reserve revoked his order to deploy. <mask> filed an appeal in the Eleventh Circuit, which was dismissed on November 24, 2009, due to a failure to prosecute the appeal. Rhodes v. MacDonald
In September 2009, Taitz was retained by Captain Connie Rhodes, a U.S. Army physician.Rhodes sought a restraining

masks: Taitz Taitz Taitz


title: Orly Taitz

texts: order to prevent her forthcoming deployment to Iraq. In the request for a restraining order, <mask> argued the deployment order was illegal since Obama was illegally serving as president. On September 16, federal judge Clay D. Land rejected the motion and denounced it as frivolous. In his opinion, the judge noted that Rhodes had not previously raised any objections to orders she had received from Obama since he had been sworn in. He noted that while she seemed to have "conscientious objections" to taking orders from Obama, she did not seem to object to serving under him "as long as she is permitted to remain on American soil". Land then upbraided <mask> for using military officers as pawns to further her claims that Obama was not qualified to be president. He also expressed astonishment at <mask>'s apparent misunderstanding of American judicial fundamentals, saying that she was trying to make Obama prove his innocence' to 'charges' that are based upon conjecture and speculation".Within hours of Land's decision, <mask> told the news site Talking Points Memo that she felt Land's refusal to hear her case was an act of treason. Two days later, she filed a motion to stay Rhodes' deployment pending rehearing of the dismissal order. She repeated her treason allegations against Land and made several other intemperate statements, including claims that Land was aiding and abetting purported aspirations of "dictatorship" by Obama. Land rejected the motion as frivolous and ordered her to show cause why she should not be fined $10,000 for abuse of judicial process. A few hours later, a letter bearing Rhodes's signature arrived, stating that Taitz filed the motion without her knowledge or

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 consent, asking Land to remove <mask> as her attorney of record in the case, and stating that it was her "plan to file a complaint with the California State Bar due to [Taitz's] reprehensible and unprofessional actions". On September 26, 2009, Taitz filed a motion with the court seeking to withdraw as counsel for Rhodes, so she could divulge in court "privileged attorney-client communications" since the dismissed Rhodes case "is now a quasi-criminal prosecution of the undersigned attorney, for the purpose of punishment". Attorney misconduct
On October 13, 2009, Judge Clay Land ordered "Counsel <mask> Taitz ... to pay $20,000 to the United States, through the Middle District of Georgia Clerk's Office, within thirty days of the date of this Order as a sanction for her misconduct in violation of Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure."Land's decision stated:
The Court finds that counsel's conduct was willful and not merely negligent. It demonstrates bad faith on her part. As an attorney, she is deemed to have known better. She owed a duty to follow the rules and to respect the Court. Counsel's pattern of conduct conclusively establishes that she did not mistakenly violate a provision of law. She knowingly violated Rule 11. Her response to the Court's show cause order is breathtaking in its arrogance and borders on delusional.She expresses no contrition or regret regarding her misconduct. To the contrary, she continues her baseless attacks on the Court. Upon learning of Land's ruling, <mask> said she would appeal the sanction, declaring that Judge Land was "scared to go against the regime" of the "oppressive" Obama administration, and that the sanction was an attempt to

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 "intimidate" her. On March 15, 2010, the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the sanctions against Taitz, ordering her to pay the $20,000 fine. In July 2010, Taitz applied to the U.S. Supreme Court to stay the enforcement of sanctions, arguing that "allowing sanctions by judge Land to stand will signify beginning of tyranny in the United States of America and end to the Constitutional Republic which is the foundation of this nation". On July 8, the application was submitted to Associate Justice Clarence Thomas; on July 15, he denied it. Doubting that Justice Thomas signed the denial order, Taitz claimed to have requested of Chief Justice John Roberts that Thomas's signature be presented to her for verification.In the meantime, on August 9, the federal government filed an abstract of judgment, a document placing a lien in the amount of $20,000 plus interest on all her real property, prompting <mask> to say, "I will pay the money, and I will continue fighting," should it happen that her application for stay is ultimately denied and that the Supreme Court consents to her request to authenticate Justice Thomas's signature. On August 16, after being resubmitted to Associate Justice Samuel Alito, who in turn referred it to the full court, the application for stay was again denied. On January 10, 2011, the Court declined, without comment, to hear the case. Taitz v. Obama
On January 27, 2010, <mask>, in propria persona, filed a petition for writ of quo warranto. On April 14, 2010, U.S. District Court Chief Judge Royce C. Lamberth dismissed the petition, stating that "the Court is not willing to go tilting at windmills with her." Taitz v. Astrue
In February 2011, Taitz filed, in propria persona, a

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 Freedom of Information Act suit against the commissioner of the Social Security Administration, alleging the agency improperly refused to disclose to her information about Obama's social security number. After Taitz repeatedly failed to follow the court rule regarding the redaction of social security numbers in court filings, Chief Judge Lamberth wrote that Taitz "is either toying with the Court or displaying her own stupidity...There is no logical explanation she can provide as to why she is now wasting the Court's time, as well as the staff's time, with these improper redactions." On August 30, 2011, the court granted summary judgment in favor of the government, writing "As her numerous filings with the Court demonstrate, plaintiff will stop at nothing to get to the bottom of this alleged conspiracy. Unfortunately for plaintiff, today is not her lucky day." <mask> v. Fuddy
In August 2011, Taitz filed, in propria persona, a suit against the director of the Hawaii Department of Health, seeking to review Obama's "long form" birth certificate. On October 12, 2011, the Hawaii Circuit Court dismissed <mask>'s suit. Taitz v. Ruemmler
Taitz sought to compel White House Counsel Kathryn Ruemmler under FOIA to grant access to Obama's "long form" birth certificate. On October 17, 2011, Chief Judge Lamberth noted Taitz's "Sisyphean quest" and dismissed the suit.Challenges to and during Obama's second term

2012 New Hampshire primary challenge
In November 2011, <mask>, backed by four New Hampshire state legislators, filed a complaint with the state's Ballot Law Commission challenging Obama's eligibility to compete in the primary election. As Obama had paid the filing fee and his declaration


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 of candidacy conformed to state law, the Commission unanimously voted to keep Obama on the ballot. The Commission then denied a request for reconsideration. In response, <mask> wrote to William L. O'Brien, the Speaker of the House of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, and demanded the removal of Bill Gardner, New Hampshire's Secretary of State, for "egregious elections fraud, aiding and abetting fraud, forgery and possibly treason." D.J. Bettencourt, House Majority Leader of the New Hampshire House of Representatives, wrote to <mask> and called her actions "unbecoming of any legitimate political dialogue, nevermind one as ridiculous as the continued obsession over President Obama's birthplace." Bettencourt added, "I have spoken to the Representatives who were present and expressed to them my strong desire that they immediately disassociate themselves from you and this folly."2012 Georgia primary challenge

Five Georgians, including one represented by <mask>, filed challenges with the Georgia Secretary of State, Brian Kemp, regarding Obama's inclusion on the March primary ballot. Kemp referred the challenges to Deputy Chief Judge Michael Malihi, an administrative law judge, who denied Obama's motion to dismiss them and scheduled a hearing for January 26. On January 23, Malihi denied Obama's motion to quash a subpoena issued by <mask> to compel Obama to appear, saying that Obama did not show why he should not be at the hearing or how his testimony would not be helpful. On January 25, Obama's attorney requested that Kemp halt the proceedings, and indicated that Obama would no longer participate in the litigation pending Kemp's decision. Kemp denied their request and warned


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 that their non-participation would be "at your own peril". Neither Obama nor his attorney appeared at the January 26 hearing. This normally would result in a default order, but the challengers requested Malihi to allow them to go ahead with the hearing and rule on "the merits of their arguments and evidence".<mask> called eight witnesses (including herself), and presented seven exhibits in support of her claims that Obama was not a natural-born citizen, has used multiple names, has multiple Social Security numbers, and used a fake birth certificate. Taitz asked Malihi to fine Obama in contempt for failing to appear. On February 3, Malihi recommended that Obama remain on the ballot. Concerning <mask>'s case Malihi wrote: "The Court finds the testimony of the witnesses, as well as the exhibits tendered, to be of little, if any, probative value, and thus wholly insufficient to support plaintiffs’ allegations". The Drudge Retort described the hearing as "Empty Table 1, Orly Taitz 0". On February 6, Kemp accepted Malihi's recommendation. On February 13, Taitz filed for review, but on February 15 her application to appear pro hac vice was denied "at this time".2012 Alabama primary challenge
A lawsuit filed by an Alabama citizen, Albert Hendershot, in December 2011 alleged Obama's birth certificate was forged and that he was ineligible to be on the Alabama primary ballot. <mask> agreed to represent Hendershot and sought to enter the case, but it was dismissed before she could make an appearance. 2012 Indiana primary challenge

On February 24, <mask> appeared as a witness on the behalf of two residents of Indiana who had filed with the Indiana Election Commission a challenge to Obama's


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 eligibility. The challengers demanded a default judgment against Obama, as neither he nor a representative appeared at the hearing; this motion was unanimously denied by the commission. <mask> made false claims, arguing that the President's surname was not Obama, that he was not a natural-born citizen, and that he was using a stolen Social Security number. When Taitz accused the commission of a cover-up, Dan Dumezich, the Schererville Republican who is chairman of the commission, told her that if she was disrespectful one more time, "your butt is going to be gone." The challenge was denied.2012 Mississippi primary challenge
In February 2012, Taitz sued the Mississippi state Democratic Party and the Mississippi Secretary of State alleging Obama was not a natural born citizen. <mask> accused the party of aiding and abetting in forgery and fraud when it submitted to the court a copy of Obama's birth certificate. In response, the party filed with the court a certified verification from Hawaii's State Registrar attesting to the accuracy of Obama's birth certificate. <mask> accused the registrar of being complicit with the forgery. 2012 Indiana general election challenge
<mask> filed a lawsuit in Indiana, and attempted to subpoena Maricopa County, Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio and one of his assistants, Mike Zullo, to compel them to testify about the results of their investigation into Obama's birth certificate. Zullo indicated the two did not intend to attend the trial, stating, "We don't want our information tainted by a circus show". 2012 Kansas general election challenge
In September 2012, Taitz attempted to address a Kansas state board that had been reviewing a challenge to Obama's


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 placement on the ballot, but her request to speak was denied.After the hearing was over, <mask> and an Obama supporter argued, and eventually both were escorted out of the building by a police officer. <mask> claimed that during the post-hearing confrontation she was threatened by African-American men behaving like "animals" and "thugs"; two Topeka community leaders who were present labeled <mask>'s remarks as  "inaccurate" and "racist". On September 20, <mask> filed a lawsuit in state court seeking to stay the board's actions. On November 2, 2012, the court dismissed <mask>'s suit due to her lack of standing. 2012 Mississippi general election challenge
In a lawsuit initiated by <mask>, she falsely claimed Obama's birth certificate and Social Security Number were fake, and sought to disqualify him from the ballot. Grinols v. Obama
On December 13, 2012, Taitz filed in Sacramento, California a lawsuit on behalf of James Grinols (a Republican elector from Minnesota), Robert Odden (a Libertarian elector from Minnesota), Keith Russell Judd (a federal prisoner who was on the West Virginia Democratic primary ballot), Edward Noonan (who won the American Independent Party presidential primary in California), and Thomas MacLeran (who filed to run as a Republican for president) seeking to prevent Congress from certifying the Electoral College's vote. The lawsuit also sought to prevent California officials from certifying the election results from the 2012 presidential election.On January 3, 2013, District Judge Morrison C. England Jr. denied the plaintiffs' request for a temporary restraining order to prevent Congress from certifying the Electoral College's vote. At the hearing, the judge

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title: Orly Taitz

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 told Taitz, "Your argument, it doesn't make any sense whatsoever," and at one point asked, "Why do you keep filing these lawsuits when they keep getting rejected?" In April 2013, the court dismissed the suit. In November 2015, the 9th Circuit affirmed the district court's dismissal. <mask> v. Hawaiian Memorial Park Mortuary
Believing that the death of Loretta Fuddy (the director of the Hawaii Department of Health) was not an accident, Taitz sued the Hawaiian Memorial Park Mortuary in Federal district court on December 20, 2013, to prevent a cremation. Taitz withdrew her petition on January 9, 2014 and the suit was dismissed the following day. Legal actions not related to Obama's eligibility

In 2012, Taitz was retained by a medical marijuana activist who had been arrested while attempting to gather signatures for a ballot initiative.In 2013, in response to A&E suspending Phil Robertson, Taitz filed an administrative complaint in Colorado that accused A&E was "engaged in discrimination against heterosexuals in favor of homosexuals, engaged in discrimination of religious people, particularly Christians, in favor of godless atheists". In 2014, in response to the National Basketball Association banning Donald Sterling for making racist remarks, Taitz filed a "complaint" with the NBA, requesting that it also ban Shaquille O'Neal because he, in Taitz's opinion, "publicly bullied" a disabled person. In 2014, Taitz filed a lawsuit challenging the transfer of undocumented immigrants from South Texas to other states, claiming they would spread communicable diseases. The U.S. government opposed Taitz's lawsuit, arguing she lacked standing and was trying to "entangle the judiciary in her


title: Orly Taitz

texts: political quarrels." At a hearing held on August 27, 2014, the court denied Taitz's request for a temporary restraining order, but permitted her to amend her lawsuit. In her amended complaint, in addition to her claims about communicable diseases, Taitz claimed that unknown parties pressured a border patrol agent to not testify on her behalf; she also claimed the NSA and FBI have placed agents in the federal courts to tamper with documents. In July 2015, the court dismissed almost of all Taitz's lawsuit, ruling she lacked standing to challenge the federal government's immigration practices.In 2014, Taitz filed a second lawsuit in Texas, alleging the Centers for Disease Control failed to provide her with information she requested about Ebola and other communicable diseases in the United States. Because the information Taitz sought was not in Texas, the court transferred the case to a court in Southern California, where Taitz resides. In 2015, Taitz filed a third lawsuit in Texas, alleging the federal government's grant of asylum and refuge status encouraged undocumented immigrants to engage in identity theft. She also alleged Obama was using a stolen Social Security number, forged identification documents, and a false name. Taitz's attempt to join this lawsuit with the first suit that she filed in Texas failed. In 2020, <mask> expressed interest in joining Donald Trump's legal team for the post-election lawsuits he filed challenging the 2020 U.S. presidential election, but expressed skepticism at the assertion made by the legal team that Trump won by a landslide. In 2021, Taitz unsuccessfully sued Vice President Kamala Harris and Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer to stop the


title: Orly Taitz

texts:
 second impeachment trial of Donald Trump.Political campaigns

California Secretary of State, 2010 Republican primary

In March 2010, <mask> qualified to run for the office of California Secretary of State. At the same time, she unsuccessfully challenged the eligibility of her Republican Party primary opponent, former NFL player Damon Dunn, claiming that he was pretending to be a Republican. Dunn had registered as a Democrat in the state of Florida in 1999, but that registration had lapsed before he filed for the Republican primary. On May 12, 2010, Pamela Barnett (named plaintiff from Taitz's lawsuit Barnett v. Obama) filed a lawsuit in the Sacramento County Superior Court alleging that Dunn was not eligible to run for Secretary of State. <mask> was defeated by Dunn in the June 8 primary by a margin of about three to one, losing by over 900,000 votes. On June 17, 2010, Taitz filed a lawsuit in the Orange County Superior Court contesting the election results, again alleging Dunn's ineligibility. On March 17, 2011, the judge ruled against Taitz.On May 1, 2012, a California Court of Appeal affirmed the superior court's ruling. U.S. Senator from California, 2012 blanket primary

<mask> attempted to challenge U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein in the 2012 blanket primary, stating, "I think I do have a chance specifically because I do speak Spanish and I speak Hebrew." In November 2011, <mask> trailed Feinstein by a nearly 2–1 margin. A Feinstein advisor stated, "If this race plays out as a bunch of unknowns who have no serious funding, <mask> <mask> will probably win the primary [along with Feinstein]." (In 2012, California used a blanket primary campaign system for offices other than

masks: Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Orly Taitz


title: Orly Taitz

texts:
 U.S. President, so that the top two finishers in the primary regardless of party affiliation go on to the ballot in the fall general election.)A March 2012 poll by another Republican candidate had <mask> leading the Republican field; 38% of those polled had not decided whom to vote for. On March 11, the California Republican Party endorsed another candidate, Elizabeth Emken, over <mask>. Citing fears the election might be "rigged", <mask> announced her intention to work with Sharron Angle to ensure "a fair and honest election". On June 5, 2012, Emken came in second to Feinstein in the primary with about 12% of the vote and advanced to the general election; <mask> came in fifth with 3.1%. In July 2012, <mask> sued to block the certification of the primary election results, alleging "rampant election fraud"; she also alleged Obama engaged in "identity fraud." Her suit was denied. In October 2012, <mask> tried to revive her election lawsuit by asking the court to compel Occidental College to produce student records for President Obama, who attended Occidental from 1979 to 1981.The judge ruled that <mask>'s motion did not meet basic legal requirements and ordered her to pay $4,000 in sanctions to Occidental's lawyer for the cost of opposing the motion. The California Court of Appeal affirmed the dismissal and sanctions. California Attorney General, 2014 blanket primary

<mask> filed paperwork indicating her intent to become the Attorney General of California in the 2014 blanket primary. <mask> was endorsed by David Manning. Judson Phillips, leader of the Tea Party Nation, accused <mask> of falsely implying that the organization had endorsed her when it had not. <mask> came in sixth

masks: Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz Taitz


title: Orly Taitz

texts:
 (out of seven candidates) in the primary, with approximately 3.1% of the vote. Activities in Israel
Taitz has also actively promoted her conspiracy theories in Israel, where she falsely claims that "the vast majority" of the population supports her views.She has appeared on the Channel 10 nightly news show London and Kirschenbaum, was the subject of a feature on Channel 1 TV, and filmed a video for the website Arutz 7. Israel's Russian-language media, such as Channel 9 and Vesti, the country's largest Russian-language newspaper, have also covered Taitz. In the media
Taitz received media attention in connection with Obama's presidential eligibility questions in late 2008. She was interviewed by co-hosts David Shuster and Tamron Hall on MSNBC on August 3, 2009. Various media outlets described her appearance on the network as an "implosion", as Taitz asserted that Shuster, who is Jewish, was a "brownshirt", a charge she repeated in a phone interview the following week. Fox News commentator Bill O'Reilly called Taitz a "nut". In response, she and pastor James David Manning organized a protest outside Fox News headquarters in New York City in November 2009, which drew an estimated 15 to 20 attendees.In April 2011, Lawrence O'Donnell invited <mask> on MSNBC so that she could address President Obama's long form birth certificate, which had been released the day before. When <mask> only wanted to make false claims about President Obama's alleged Selective Service papers and refused to comment on his birth certificate, O'Donnell kicked her off the show, stating: "Look, she's crazy. I invited a crazy person on this show to see if the crazy person ... could say something responsive,


title: Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye

texts:
Sigurd Snake-in-the-eye () or <mask> was a semi-legendary Viking warrior and Danish king active from the mid to late 9th century. According to multiple Saga sources and Scandinavian histories from the 12th century and later, he is one of the sons of the legendary Viking Ragnar Lodbrok and Áslaug. His historical prototype might have been the Danish King Sigfred who ruled briefly in the 870s. Norwegian king's genealogies of the Middle Ages names him as an ancestor of Harald Fairhair and used his mother's supposed ancestry the Völsung to create an ancestry between Harald and his descendants and Odin. Early life
"Snake-in-the-eye" as part of Sigurd's name denoted a physical characteristic. He was born with a mark in his eye, described as the image of the Ouroboros (a snake biting its own tail). According to Ragnar Lothbrok’s saga, while Sigurd was just a boy, his half-brothers Eric and Agnar were killed by Swedish king Eysteinn Beli (also known as Östen).When Áslaug heard the news of Eric and Agnar's death, even though she wasn't their mother, she cried blood and asked the other sons of Ragnar to avenge their dead brothers. Because the Swedish king controlled Uppsala and a holy cow named Sibilja, Ivar the Boneless believed gods were on Eysteinn's side and feared the magic that ruled there. However, when his younger brother, the three-year-old Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye, wanted to attack Eysteinn, the brothers changed their minds. Sigurd's foster-father assembled five longships for him. Hvitserk and Björn Ironside mustered 14, and Aslaug and Ivar the Boneless marshaled 10 ships each, and together they took vengeance upon Eysteinn. The Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus relates that Sigurd, as a young man, was close to his father and sojourned for a time in Scotland and the


title: Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye

texts:
 Scottish Islands. After Ragnar's Viking army had slain the local earls, Sigurd and his brother Radbard were appointed sub-rulers of these territories.Later in life <mask> and his brothers accompanied Ragnar on a hazardous expedition through Rus' to the Hellespont. The death of Ragnar Lothbrok and the Great Heathen Army

Most of the legendary sources say that King Ælla of Northumbria killed Ragnar Lothbrok, in about 865, by having him thrown into a pit of snakes. According to traditional accounts, Ragnar is reputed to have exclaimed as he was dying: "How the young pigs would grunt if they knew what the old boar suffers!" Sigurd and his siblings were reportedly informed of their father's fate by an envoy from Ælla. As he heard the news, Sigurd was supposedly so affected that he cut himself to the bone with a knife he held in his hand; his brother Björn Ironside supposedly gripped a spear so tightly that the imprint of his fingers was left in the wood. Sigurd and his brothers swore they would avenge Ragnar's death. In 865–866, the Viking leaders Ivar the Boneless and Ubbe crossed the North Sea with a stor hær ("Great Army").Traditional accounts claim that all the surviving sons of Ragnar apart from Ivar launched a first attack on Ælla's kingdom, which failed. <mask>'s brother, Ivar the Boneless, devised a strategy in which the Great Heathen Army occupied and sacked York, to provoke Ælla into engaging on the Vikings' terms. Under Ivar's plan, the Vikings feigned retreat, leading Ælla to underestimate them and become encircled. According to Ragnarssona þáttr (The Tale of Ragnar's Sons, part of the Sagas of Ragnar Lothbrok), Ælla was captured alive and executed afterwards by blood eagle. Sigurd's descendants
Ragnarssona þáttr states that when his father died, Sigurd

masks: Sigurd Sigurd


title: Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye

texts:
 married Gunhild (Świętosława of Poland). They had a son named Cnut the Great. Sweyn also ruled England in his lifetime and established the Danish Empire.When Sweyn died, his elder son Harald Svendsen became the king of Denmark, while England's former king, Ethelred, reclaimed the throne. Following Harald's death, his brother Cnut the Great became king, re-established the Danish North Sea Empire. He married Emma of Normandy with whom he had a son named Harthacnut. When Cnut died (and after the brothers of Harthacnut also had died), Harthacnut became king of Denmark and England. Upon his death, Edward the Confessor became ruler of England in 1042. Sweyn Forkbeard also had a daughter, Estrid, from whom all ruling kings and queens of Denmark after 1047 descend. Sigurd's daughter Áslaug, as mentioned above, married Helgi the Sharp of the Dagling dynasty.They had a son named <mask> Hart, who married a woman named Ingeborg. <mask> Hart and Ingeborg had children named Guttorm <mask> and Ragnhild <mask>dotter. When <mask> Hart's uncle, king Fróði of Ringerike died, <mask> Hart supposedly went to Norway to succeed him as king of Ringerike. In popular culture
Sigurd Snake-in-the-eye features prominently in the History Channel's historical drama television series Vikings played by David Lindström. Sigurd is also one of the antagonists in the video game Mount and Blade: Viking Conquest. References

Sources
Tale of Ragnar's Sons (Ragnarssona þáttr)
Tale of Ragnar Lodbrok (Ragnars saga Loðbrókar)

Further reading
Waggoner, Ben (2009) The Sagas of Ragnar Lodbrok (The Troth)

External links
The Tale of Ragnar's Sons - translation by Peter Tunstall

Norwegian petty kings
9th-century rulers in Europe
Viking warriors
9th-century Danish people
9th-century Norwegian

masks: Sigurd Sigurd Sigurdsson Sigurds Sigurd Sigurd


title: Edward Tatham

texts:
<mask> (1749–1834) was an English college head, clergyman and controversialist, Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford from 1792 to his death. Life
Born at Milbeck, township of Dent, in the parish of Sedbergh, then in Yorkshire, and baptised at Dent on 1 October 1749, was the son of <mask> of that parish. He was educated at Sedbergh school under Dr. Wynne Bateman, and was the <mask> who was admitted at Magdalene College, Cambridge, as sizar on 11 May 1767; but the entry does not give the Christian name of either father or son, and he presumably never went into residence. He entered as batler at Queen's College, Oxford, 15 June 1769, and graduated B.A. 1772, M.A. 1776. <mask> took deacon's orders in 1776 and priest's orders in 1778, and the curacy of Banbury was his first charge.The fire at Queen's College in 1779 destroyed his books and some of his manuscripts, and he seems to have moved to Banbury. On 27 December 1781 he was elected to a Yorkshire fellowship at Lincoln College, Oxford, and became its acting tutor, proceeding B.D. in 1783 and D.D. in 1787. On 6 November 1787, <mask> was elected sub-rector of Lincoln College, and on 15 March 1792 he was unanimously elected Rector. To this post was attached the rectory of Twyford, Buckinghamshire, with a right of residence at the rectory of Combe. He made improvements to the rectorial houses at Twyford and Combe, about ten miles from Oxford, and he is described as a contributor to the improvements at the college, presumably to the front quadrangle, which he gave

masks:
Edward Tatham
James Tatham
Tatham
Tatham
Tatham


title: Edward Tatham

texts: incongruous battlements.<mask> preached about 1802 a famous sermon, two hours and a half long, in defence of the disputed verse in St. John's first epistle (v. 7). <mask> concluded the discourse by leaving the subject to the learned bench of bishops, ‘who have little to do and do not always do that little.’ Usually at open war with his fellow members of the Hebdomadal Council, he vehemently opposed the views advocated by Cyril Jackson and the new examinations which had been instituted through his influence at the university. He issued in 1807 an ‘Address to the Members of Convocation on the proposed New Statute for Public Examinations,’ and it was followed by several pamphlets of a similar kind, including ‘Address to Lord Grenville on Abuses in the University’ (1811), and ‘Oxonia Purgata: a Series of Addresses on the New Discipline’ (1813). In the closing years of his life, he chiefly lived at Combe rectory. He scarcely ever appeared at Oxford, unless it was to bring with him in his dogcart a pair of pigs of his own breeding for sale in the pig-market. Many caricatures and lampoons of him passed from hand to hand at Oxford, and he was known as ‘the devil’ who looked over Lincoln. On the nomination of the trustees of the Bridgewater estate, <mask>, when a very old man, was appointed in 1829 to the rectory of Whitchurch, Shropshire.He died at the rectory-house in the parish of Combe on 24 April 1834, and was buried in the church of All Saints, Oxford, where a monument was erected by the widow to his memory.

masks: Tatham Tatham Tatham


title: Edward Tatham

texts:
 Works
<mask>'s major work was his set of Bampton lectures, entitled The Chart and Scale of Truth by which to find the Cause of Error, vol. i. 1790, vol. ii. n.d. [1792]. A new edition, from the author's manuscripts at Lincoln College, and with a memoir, preface, and notes, by E. W. Grinfield, came out in 1840.This series of discourses  embodied a new system of logic. His principle was that truth "becomes varied and modified as it passes through the human faculties", and that it pervades the various departments of general knowledge, being finally summed up in "the summum genus of knowledge, the knowledge of revealed theology". Edmund Burke called on <mask> soon after its publication, and expressed high approbation. Dr. Thomas Reid and David Doig admired it, and the article "Logic" in the fourth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica was almost wholly taken from it. <mask> imitated the style of William Warburton. Besides polemical sermons preached at Oxford, <mask> published:

 Oxonia Explicata et Ornata (anon. ), 1773; 2nd edit.improved and enlarged (anon. ), 1777. He anticipated the erection of a martyr's memorial, and advocated architectural improvements at Oxford. It would appear that he published about 1815 a further tract on Architectural Improvements in Oxford. Essay on Journal Poetry, 1778. Twelve Discourses introductory to the Study of Divinity, 1780.
 Letters to Burke on Politics, 1791; the first was on "the principles of government'", the second on "civil liberty". They contained some severe reflections

masks: Tatham Tatham Tatham Tatham


title: Edward Tatham

texts:
 on Joseph Priestley.On 1 July 1791 there appeared in the daily prints a letter from <mask> to the Revolution Society, declining an invitation to dinner. Letter to Pitt on the National Debt, 1795. Letter to Pitt on a National Bank, 1797. Letter to Pitt on the State of the Nation and the Prosecution of the War, 1797. Plan of Income-tax, 1802. He claimed to have invented the property tax of 1797. Observations on the Scarcity of Money and its Effects upon the Public; 3rd edit.1816; reprinted in The Pamphleteer (vol. vii.). He argued that there was too little money in circulation, and that the bullion committee should have compelled the Bank of England to produce large coinages in gold and silver. Letter to Lord Grenville on the Metallic Standard, 1820; 2nd edit. 1820. He pleaded that bank-paper should be continued as legal tender, and that silver should be made the metallic standard. Family
He married, in 1801, Elizabeth, the wealthy daughter of John Cook of Cheltenham.She died on 24 August 1847, having founded at Lincoln College, in her husband's memory, a scholarship of the annual value of fifty guineas, limited in the first instance to candidates born or educated in Berkshire. Sources

References

Further reading
Erich W. Sippel, Another of Poe's “Savans”: <mask>, Poe Studies — Old Series Volume 9, Issue 1, pages 16–21, June 1976. 1749 births
1834 deaths
18th-century English Anglican priests
19th-century English Anglican priests
Rectors of Lincoln College, Oxford
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
Fellows of

masks:
Tatham
Edward Tatham


title: Vernon Scannell

texts:
<mask> (23 January 1922 – 16 November 2007) was a British poet and author. He was at one time a professional boxer, and wrote novels about the sport. Personal life
<mask>, whose birth name was <mask>, was born in 1922 in Spilsby, Lincolnshire. The family, always poor, moved frequently, including Ballaghaderreen in Ireland, Beeston, and Eccles, before settling in Buckinghamshire. Bain spent most of his youth growing up in Aylesbury in Buckinghamshire. His father had fought in the First World War, and came to make a living as a commercial photographer. <mask> attended the local Queen's Park Boys' School, an elementary council school He left school at the age of 14 to work as a clerk in an insurance office.His real passions, however, were for the unlikely combination of boxing and literature. He had been winning boxing titles at school and had been a keen reader from a very early age, although not properly attaching to poetry until about aged 15, when he picked up a Walter de la Mare poem and was "instantly and permanently hooked". He frequently read both the poetry of Thomas Hardy and the thrillers of Edgar Wallace. <mask> enlisted in the army "as a lark" in 1940, shortly after war was declared. He joined the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders., and two years later was transferred to the Gordon Highlanders, a part of the 51st Highland Division. The war took him into action in the North African desert. He fought at El Alamein and across the western desert during the Eighth Army's drive to reach Tunisia.Following an assault on an Axis held hill near Gabes he watched as his Gordon Highlanders

masks:
Vernon Scannell
Vernon Scannell
John Vernon Bain
Scannell
Scannell


title: Vernon Scannell

texts: moved through the recently taken position, looting the dead, both Allied and Axis. Revolted, he walked away. He was caught and court-martialled for deserting a forward area. Sentenced to three years imprisonment, he spent six months in one of the harshest military penal institutions in Alexandria before being released on a suspended sentence to take part in the Normandy landings. His war ended when he was shot in both legs while on night patrol near Caen. He was shipped back to a military hospital at Winwick in Lancashire before being sent on to a convalescent depot. <mask> had always very much disliked army life, finding nothing in his temperament which fitted him for the part of a soldier.Following the end of the war in Europe (V.E. Day) he deserted again and spent two years on the run, earning his living with jobs in the theatre, professional boxing bouts and tutoring and coaching, all the while teaching himself by reading everything he could. During this evasive time <mask> was writing poetry and was first published in Tribune and The Adelphi. He was also boxing for Leeds University, winning the Northern Universities Championships at three weights. In 1947 he was arrested and court-martialled and sent to Northfield Military Hospital, a mental institution near Birmingham. On discharge he returned to Leeds and then went to London, where, supporting himself with teaching jobs and boxing, he settled down to writing. <mask>, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature   won many poetry awards, including for war poems such as his collection Walking Wounded.A. E. Housman said that "the

masks: Scannell Scannell Scannell


title: Vernon Scannell

texts:
 business of poetry is to harmonise the sadness of the universe" and <mask> quoted this with approval. Scannell's poems, with their themes of love, violence and mortality, were shaped and influenced by his wartime experiences. <mask> was awarded a Writing Fellowship in 1975 as Resident Poet in Berinsfield, Oxfordshire, an experience he recounts in A Proper Gentleman and later, in 1979 he spent a term as Poet in Residence at the King's School, Canterbury. His final collection, Last Post, was published in 2007; he had been working on it until not long before his death. Literary life
He received the Heinemann Award for Literature in 1961 for an early poetry volume, The Masks of Love, and the Cholmondeley Award for poetry in 1974. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1960 and granted a Civil List pension in recognition of his services to literature in 1981. Stephen Spender, the poet perceptively wrote to Scannell in a letter in 1953: "you write good poetry and that is all that matters."Seamus Heaney in a letter to Andrew Taylor said he admired <mask>'s poems "not only for their sturdy metrical pace and structure, but for their combination of mordancy and a sense of mortality". John Carey, the critic commented: "Scannell nearly always works on two levels, one realistic and external, the other imaginative, metaphorical, haunted by memory and desire. A master of the dramatic monologue, his work is drenched in humanity. It resounds with memories." <mask> also wrote the verse narration for BBC Television film A House that Died. He also received a special award from the

masks: Scannell Scannell Scannell Scannell


title: Vernon Scannell

texts:
 Wilfred Owen Association "in recognition of his contribution to war poetry". Scannell's best-known book of war poetry is Walking Wounded (1965).The title poem recollects a column of men returning from battle: "No one was suffering from a lethal hurt, They were not magnified by noble wounds, There was no splendour in that company." <mask> is also the author of a memoir, The Tiger and the Rose (1983). The unadorned narrative covers five years' military service and a brief boxing career. <mask> writes about the conclusion to his army life, "Twenty-five years ago, 1945...was the year I made what might seem like a desperate decision and performed what might appear to be an act of criminal folly, manic selfishness, zany recklessness, abject cowardice or even, perhaps, eccentric courage. I deserted from the Army. The first recipient of the Owen Award, Christopher Logue, author of some of the best war poetry of the past half-century (in the form of versions of the Iliad), spent two years in a military prison, on a charge of handling stolen pass books. What would Owen say?He'd say: Never trust the teller, trust the tale." Historian Martin Johnes has used <mask>'s 1951 novel The Fight to explore racial attitudes in 1950s Britain. He argues that its depictions of reactions to a black boxer illustrate the diversity of racial attitudes, including outright racism, better than contemporary sociological studies where private assumptions and thoughts were hidden. Death
<mask> spent the final years of his life living in Otley, West Yorkshire, where he died at his home at the age of 85 after a long


title: Michael Eric Dyson

texts:
<mask> (born October 23, 1958) is an American academic, author, ordained minister, and radio host. He is a professor in the College of Arts and Science and in the Divinity School at Vanderbilt University. Described by <mask>. Fletcher as "a Princeton Ph.D. and a child of the streets who takes pains never to separate the two", Dyson has authored or edited more than twenty books dealing with subjects such as Malcolm X, Martin Luther King Jr., Marvin Gaye, Barack Obama, Nas's debut album Illmatic, Bill Cosby, Tupac Shakur and Hurricane Katrina. In 2021, multiple women accused Dyson of abusing his position of authority and sexual misconduct. Early life and education
<mask> was born on  October 23, 1958, in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Addie Mae Leonard, who was from Alabama. He was adopted by his stepfather, <mask>. He attended Cranbrook School in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, on an academic scholarship but left and completed his education at Northwestern High School.He became an ordained Baptist minister at nineteen years of age. Having worked in factories in Detroit to support his family, he entered Knoxville College as a freshman at the age of twenty-one. <mask> received his bachelor's degree, magna cum laude, from Carson–Newman College in 1985. He received a Ph.D. in religion from Princeton University in 1993 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled Uses of Heroes: Celebration and Criticism in the Interpretation of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Career

Professor
<mask> has taught at Chicago Theological Seminary, Brown University, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Columbia University, DePaul University, and the University of Pennsylvania. From 2007 to 2020, he was a Professor of Sociology at Georgetown University. In 2021, <mask> moved to Vanderbilt University where he holds the Centennial Chair and serves as University Distinguished Professor of African American and Diaspora Studies in the College of Arts and Science and University

masks:
Michael Eric Dyson
Michael A
Dyson
Everett Dyson
Dyson
Dyson
Dyson


title: Michael Eric Dyson

texts:
 Distinguished Professor of Ethics and Society in the Divinity School. Between 2016 and 2018, he was a visiting professor at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont.Author
His 1994 book Making Malcolm: The Myth and Meaning of Malcolm X became a New York Times notable book of the year. In his 2006 book Come Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster, Dyson analyzes the political and social events in the wake of the catastrophe against the backdrop of an overall "failure in race and class relations". In 2010, <mask> edited Born to Use Mics: Reading Nas's Illmatic, with contributions based on the album’s tracks by, among others, Kevin Coval, Kyra D. Gaunt ("Professor G"), dream hampton, Marc Lamont Hill, Adam Mansbach, and Mark Anthony Neal. Dyson's own essay in this anthology, "'One Love,' Two Brothers, Three Verses", argues that the current US penal system disfavors young black males more than any other segment of the population. His last three books appeared repeatedly on the New York Times Bestseller list. Commentator
<mask> hosted a radio show, which aired on Radio One, from January 2006 to February 2007. He is also a commentator on National Public Radio, MSNBC and CNN, and is a regular guest on Real Time with Bill Maher.Beginning July 2011 <mask> <mask> became a political analyst for MSNBC. In May 2018, he participated in the Munk debate on political correctness, arguing alongside Michelle Goldberg against Stephen Fry and Jordan Peterson. In August 2018, he spoke at the funeral of Aretha Franklin. <mask> served on the board of directors of the Common Ground Foundation, a project dedicated to empowering urban youth in the United States. <mask> and his third wife, Marcia L<mask>, were regular guests and speakers at the Aspen Institute Conferences and Ideas Festival. <mask> most recently hosted a television show, The Raw Word. The <mask> <mask> Show (2009-2011)

The <mask> <mask> Show radio program debuted on April 6, 2009, and is broadcast from

masks:
Dyson
Dyson
Michael Eric
Dyson
Dyson
Dyson
. Dyson
Dyson
Michael Eric
Dyson
Michael Eric
Dyson