title: Irving Peress

texts: January 1954 that an honorable discharge was the quickest way to remove <mask> from the military and resolve the issue. Senator Joseph McCarthy, Chairman of the Government Operations Committee and its Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, decided to hold hearings on <mask>' promotion and pending discharge to illustrate McCarthy's claim that the Army was "soft on communism" because it tolerated an inefficient bureaucracy that failed to maintain security standards. <mask> appeared before McCarthy's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on January 30, 1954, and invoked the Fifth Amendment dozens of times in his testimony. He said he had and would continue to oppose any group that sought a violent or unconstitutional overthrow of the U.S. government. McCarthy called <mask> "the key to the deliberate Communist infiltration of our Armed Forces" and a "Fifth Amendment Communist."<mask> upbraided his questioners by saying that anyone, even a senator, who equated the invoking of the Fifth Amendment with guilt was himself guilty of subversion. McCarthy wrote a letter to Secretary of the Army Robert T. Stevens calling for <mask> to be court-martialed. He called for an investigation into the Army's handling of <mask>' commissioning and promotion. Stevens believed that <mask>' refusals to answer the Committee's questions did not provide grounds for court-martial and approved <mask>' discharge on February 2. On February 18, 1954, Brigadier General Ralph W. Zwicker, who had been in command at Camp Kilmer, was recalled from Japan to testify, and refused to say who had authorized <mask>' promotion to Major or honorable discharge. McCarthy told Zwicker he was "not fit to wear that uniform." An FBI witness named Ruth Eagle, an undercover

masks: Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress


title: Irving Peress

type: original

texts:
 member of the New York City Police Department, testified on February 18, 1954, that <mask> and his wife had been involved with the Communist party in the 1930s and 1940s and that <mask> had been a leader of the American Labor Party.McCarthy said that <mask>' promotion had been ordered by a "silent master who decreed special treatment for Communists". During confrontational testimony interrupted by several shouting matches with McCarthy, Secretary of the Army Robert T. Stevens told the committee on March 24, 1955, that "some very bad mistakes" had allowed <mask>' promotion. The Army granted <mask> an honorable discharge on March 31, 1954. In June 1954, the Army delivered the Subcommittee on Investigations a report on the <mask> case that detailed those responsible for approving his promotion and discharge. It admitted to procedural "blunders" that had resulted in the rewriting of regulations to avoid similar cases and said those responsible had been disciplined. McCarthy, defending his pursuit of the <mask> case when faced with censure, told a Senate committee that his own investigation contradicted Army witnesses and showed that <mask> had been considered for "sensitive work" in May 1953. McCarthy's confrontational approach, coupled with his pressure on the Army for preferential treatment of committee staff member G. David Schine, was looked on in retrospect as the beginning of McCarthy's downfall, leading to the Senate's censure of McCarthy.<ref>Lawrence N. Stout, Covering McCarthyism: How the Christian Science Monitor Handled Joseph R. McCarthy (1999), p. 123</ref>Arthur V. Watkins, Enough Rope: the Inside Story of the Censure of Senator Joe McCarthy (1969), p. 21

Later events
Following the hearings, <mask> reported

masks: Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress Peress


title: Irving Peress

texts:
 receiving anti-Semitic hate mail and the <mask> home in Queens was stoned in late February 1954.He commented:

<mask> was persuaded to remove his name from the door of his dental practice. His wife was pressured to resign as editor of the Parent-Teachers Association monthly bulletin at their local public school. In 1976, he reflected on his experience:

In an interview in 2005, he repeatedly declined to say whether he had ever been a member of the Communist Party. Asked if he agreed with Communism, he replied:

He said that if he had explained his political beliefs at the Army-McCarthy hearings:

Retirement and death
<mask> maintained his dental practice until 1980 and retired in 1982. He was still residing in the New York City area when he gave an interview to the New York Times in 2005. <mask> died at his home in Queens on November 13, 2014. According to one of his sons, <mask> had suffered complications and declining health after breaking a leg in a fall, but was determined to live long enough to watch Major League Baseball's 2014 World Series.<mask>' son stated that afterwards, <mask> intentionally stopped taking his thyroid medication. References

External linksArmy Personnel Actions Relating to <mask>. Hearings before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate. Eighty-fourth Congress, first session.'' 1955. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1917 births
2014 deaths
Victims of McCarthyism
United States Army personnel of the Korean War
American dentists
Jewish American military personnel
United States Army officers
City College of New York alumni
New York University College of Dentistry alumni
People from the Bronx
20th-century dentists
21st-century American

masks:
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Peress
Irving Peress


title: Charles Wooden

texts:
<mask> (24 March 1829 – 24 April 1876) was a German-born soldier in the British Army and a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Crimean War
He was awarded the Victoria Cross for acts of gallantry during the Crimean War. He was 25 years old, and a sergeant-major in the 17th Lancers (Duke of Cambridge's Own), British Army. On 26 October 1854, in the Crimea, at Balaklava, Sergeant-Major <mask> went out with surgeon James Mouat to the assistance of an officer who was lying seriously wounded in an exposed position, after the retreat of the Light Cavalry. He helped to dress the officer's wounds under heavy fire from the enemy. This order, carried by the young Captain Louis Nolan and misinterpreted by Lord Lucan, began one of the most famous of all military engagements – The Charge of the Light Brigade – on 25 October 1854. <mask> rode in this action.Captain William Morris of the 17th Lancers, with about 20 men as yet comparatively unscathed in the sea of carnage all around, came upon a squadron of Russian Hussars. Ordering his men to keep together, he rode straight at the Russian leader, running him through with his sword with such force that he toppled him over the side of his horse, and, unable to disengage his hand from his sword, fell with him. The Russians closed on Morris and slashed at him with their sabres, cutting through his forage cap until he lost consciousness. He was taken prisoner but, in the

masks:
Charles Wooden VC
Wooden
Charles Wooden


title: Charles Wooden

texts: confusion of the field, managed to slip away, capture a horse and make a dash for freedom, only to fall from his horse due to his wounds. Pursued by the Russians through the thick smoke of the battlefield, he caught another horse, but fell again when the horse was shot. This time the horse fell on him, trapping his leg. When he came to, in agony from a broken right arm, broken ribs and three deep head wounds, he managed to free his leg and stagger towards the British lines.By a strange coincidence he came across the body of his good friend Captain Nolan; and lay down beside it. (Morris and Nolan had earlier exchanged the letters customary between friends before battle, promising to inform the other's loved ones should anything happen to them.) Once again, Morris lapsed into unconsciousness. An attempt was made by Turkish troops to recover the two men; but, as Russian fire rained down upon them, they abandoned it. A message was then sent to the 17th Lancers; and Sergeant-Major <mask> of the 17th Lancers (who had ridden in the charge, and had had his horse shot from under him) and Surgeon Mouat of the 6th Dragoons, set out under heavy fire to rescue the stricken Morris. After roughly dressing his wounds, they succeeded in returning to their lines. For this action both were to be awarded Britain's highest military honour, the Victoria Cross.Morris survived his wounds, and died four years later in India. Sergeant-Major <mask> was something of a character in the 17th Lancers. One night, returning to camp the worse for

masks:
Charles Wooden
Wooden


title: Charles Wooden

texts: wear after a drinking session, he was challenged by the sentry on guard duty, but could not remember the password. "'tish me", Wooden whispered in a slurred voice. "Who?" asked the sentry. "'tish me, 'tish me!"came the answer. Down came the sentry's lance as he demanded to know just which 'me' it was. By now in a temper, Wooden bellowed: "'tish me, the Devil". The sentry, now exercising his better judgement on recognising his Sergeant-Major retorted: "Pass, 'tish me the Devil!" From that moment the nickname stuck and for the remainder of his service with the 'Death or Glory Boys', <mask> remained "Tish me the Devil". <mask>, a German by birth, was not a popular man in the regiment possibly because of his odd demeanour and strong German accent. Even the award of his VC was controversial.At first he was not entered for the award although Dr Mouat was. <mask> wrote to Dr Mouat saying that if Mouat was to receive a VC then so should he as he had been at Mouat's side during the rescue of Lt Col Morris. Dr Mouat agreed, and wrote to the Horse Guards supporting <mask>'s claim. The reply to his letter reads: "His Royal Highness feels very unwilling to bring any further claim for the Victoria Cross for an act performed at so distant a period but as the decoration has been conferred on Dr James Mouat for the part he took in the rescue of Lt. Col. Morris and Sergeant-Major <mask> appears to have acted in a manner very honourable to him on the occasion and, by his gallantry, been equally instrumental in saving the life of this

masks: Wooden Wooden Wooden Wooden Wooden


title: Charles Wooden

texts:
 officer, His Royal Highness is induced to submit the case." <mask>'s VC was gazetted on 26 October 1858. His VC citation reads:

Wooden's other medal entitlements are the Crimea Medal (with bars Alma, Balaclava, Inkerman and Sebastopol), Turkish Medal, French War Medal and the Indian Mutiny Medal. Later service
He exchanged into the 6th Dragoons to become Quartermaster there (presumably with promotion to the rank of officer) in 1860, exchanged into the 5th Lancers in 1865, retired on half-pay in 1871, and was appointed Quartermaster of the 104th Regiment of Foot (Bengal Fusiliers) in 1872.On 14 April 1876 <mask> shot himself following a drinking session, having complained of severe head pains the previous week. An inquest recorded death by suicide due to temporary insanity. He was 47 years old and had served 30 years with the army. He is buried in St James's Cemetery, Dover. The Medal
His VC is on display in The Queen's Royal Lancers and Nottinghamshire Yeomanry Museum in Thoresby Park, Nottinghamshire. References

External links
 Location of grave and VC medal (Kent)

1829 births
1876 deaths
Crimean War recipients of the Victoria Cross
17th Lancers soldiers
6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons officers
5th Royal Irish Lancers officers
British Army personnel of the Crimean War
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
Suicides by firearm in England
Royal Munster Fusiliers officers
German emigrants to England
British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
British military personnel who committed suicide
1870s

masks: Wooden Wooden


title: Ralph Munn

texts:
<mask><mask> (September 19, 1894 – January 2, 1975) was an eminent figure in the field of American and international library and information science. Recognized by the journal American Libraries as one of "100 of the most important leaders we had in the 20th century", and described as an "administrator, educator, and author ... known for his fairness, clarity, and grace", he was also widely known within the profession as "the father of the modern library movement in Australia and New Zealand". Early life
<mask> was born in Aurora, Illinois to Dr. Walter (a dentist) and Jennie W<mask>. He was raised in Colorado. He attendee Ohio State University Moritz College of Law from 1912 to 1913 where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity. He transferred to the University of Denver where he received both his bachelor of law degree from Sturm College of Law in 1915 and bachelor of arts degrees in 1917. He served in the United States Army from April 1917 to July 1919 in the 30th Ambulance Company.He served at Camp Dodge, Iowa from September 1917 to July 1918 and became a sergeant. He served in the headquarters of the 88th Infantry Division of the American Expeditionary Forces from August 1918 to July 1919 and served in Sorbonne, Paris from February to July 1919, He became a master hospital sergeant. After his military service, he received his Bachelor of Library Science degree from New York State Library School at Albany in 1921. Thereafter, worked as a librarian at the Seattle Public Library in Washington state and later at the Flint Public Library in Michigan, before finally accepting the position of Director of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, from 1928–1964, during which time he also served as Director, then Dean, of the Carnegie Library School of Carnegie Institute of Technology. Professional career
The highlights of Munn's contributions to his field during his tenure as Director of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh can be summarized chiefly as the perpetration of the idea of the public library as "educational, informational, and cultural", the expansion and

masks:
Ralph W
. Munn
Munn
. Munn


title: Ralph Munn

texts:
 large library must have some staff members whose expertness in personnel management, public relations, audio-visual materials and equipment, adult education, and the public school curriculum is far more important than absorption in purely cultural interests."In addition to his revised views on the training and role of librarians, the essay brought into question the role of books and libraries themselves in the lives of the changing public. Indeed, if the following passage were altered to reflect 21st century technology terminology, <mask> would seem to be speaking directly to today's librarians:

With entertainment and information available in every man's living room by the mere turning of a knob, or at the nearest newsstand at modest cost, there is little incentive for the casual reader to go to a somewhat distant library for a book. The librarian can no longer win success for his library by simply providing a stack of readable books. Work in Australia and New Zealand
In 1934, <mask> was commissioned by the Carnegie Corporation of New York to conduct a survey of public libraries in Australia and New Zealand, which he did in conjunction with Ernest Pitt, then Chief Librarian of the Public Library of Victoria. The resulting Munn-Pitt Report had a major impact in Australia. In an article published in the Australian Library Journal evaluating the survey's impact, the author states that "the key recommendations of the <mask>-Pitt report were easily identified by its lay readers:  1. to establish tax-supported municipal 'free libraries';  and 2. to strengthen and extend librarianship by professionalizing the training and registration of librarians." <mask> certainly did his part to assist in the latter recommendation, drafting a number of young Australian professionals to work in American libraries and assisting them however possible.One such librarian recalled <mask> in a positive light, saying, "Not only did he make places on his staff available, he also took a personal interest in each Australian 'incumbent', ensuring that, at all times, they were treated in

masks: Munn Munn Munn Munn Munn


title: Ralph Munn

texts:
 the same way as their American colleagues, in such matters as salary and staff activities." The assistance of these predominantly female librarians also brings into focus an uncannily prescient viewpoint that Munn established in an aptly titled Library Journal essay, "It Is a Mistake to Recruit Men". Just after World War II, there was a great increase in men looking for jobs, and <mask> was of the opinion that in the case of jobs in the library field, these men were "simply looking for a secure and not too difficult job." Recruiting men into the field, continued Munn, would
operate against the profession, both by filling it with men of mediocre caliber and by discouraging the entrance of superior women ... Throughout the predictable future, it is sure to be mainly a woman's occupation. It should, therefore, be kept attractive to the ablest of women. Legacy
<mask>'s tenure at the Carnegie Public Library ended upon his October 1, 1964 retirement.He died in Pittsburgh on January 2, 1975. In recognition of his authorship and outreach and development of services directed at young people, the annual "Ralph Munn Creative Writing Contest" has been established in his name at the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. Honors and accomplishments
In his career, Munn earned a number of honors, including:
Pennsylvania Library Association President, 1930–31
American Library Association President, 1939–40
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, 1940, University of Pittsburgh
Distinguished Service Award, 1959, Pennsylvania Library Association
Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws, 1960, Waynesburg College in Pennsylvania
Director Emeritus, 1964, Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh

References

1894 births
1975 deaths
American librarians
Presidents of the American Library Association
University of Denver alumni
Carnegie Mellon University faculty
New York State Library School alumni
Ohio State University Moritz College of Law alumni
United States Army non-commissioned officers
United States Army personnel of World War I
People from Pittsburgh
People from Aurora, Illinois
Sturm College of Law

masks: Munn Munn


title: Spyros Markezinis

texts:
<mask> or Markesinis (; 22 April 1909 – 4 January 2000) was a Greek politician, longtime member of the Hellenic Parliament, and briefly the Prime Minister of Greece during the aborted attempt at democratization of the Greek military regime in 1973. Early political life
<mask> was born in Athens, a scion of an old wealthy family of Santorini, who were at some time given the title marchesini (i.e., "little Marquesses") during Venetian rule. He earned degrees in Law and Political Science at the University of Athens, and entered private law practice. In 1936, he was appointed counsel to King George II, a capacity in which he served until 1946. The outbreak of World War II and Greece's occupation by Nazi Germany forced the king to flee the country, while Markezinis remained to fight as part of the resistance militias. Markezinis was elected in the Parliament (the ) during the 1946 elections as a member of the United Nationalist Party from the Cyclades. Shortly thereafter, he left the party and founded the New Party, the second of many parties under which he would serve.The New Party won 2.5% of the vote in the 1950 parliamentary elections, enough to for a single seat (Andreas Stratos) in the new parliament. Economic reform
In 1949, <mask> was appointed Minister Without Portfolio, but was effectively assigned control over the government's economic policy, coordinating the activities of the various economic ministries. Upon the election of long-time ally Marshal Alexandros Papagos as Prime Minister in 1952, <mask>'s effective position as minister of finance was further strengthened. In April, 1953, Markezinis orchestrated a 50% devaluation of the drachma vis-à-vis the US dollar, concurrently curbing import restrictions. Markezinis’s effective monetary policies are credited for boosting exports and consumer demand, as well as for curtailing inflation and the balance of trade deficit. Markezinis was considered at the time as a possible successor in the party leadership and premiership in the event of Marshal Papagos's retirement.

masks:
Spyridon Markezinis
Spyros Markezinis
Markezinis
Markezinis


title: Spyros Markezinis

texts:
 Later parliamentary positions
Papagos died in 1955.He was succeeded by neither Markezinis (whose relations with the Marshal had become tense) nor by other heirs apparent (such as Panagiotis Kanellopoulos nor Stephanos Stephanopoulos), but by Konstantinos Karamanlis, a junior minister who was appointed by King Paul to form a new government. Karamanlis managed to gather the support of nearly all the MPs of Marshal Papagos's party, and eventually formed the conservative National Radical Union (ERE). In the same year, Markezinis founded the Progressive Party, but failed to win seats in the 1956 elections. <mask>’s Party eventually won a seat in parliament in the 1958 elections. In 1961, he was re-elected in coalition with the Center Union, as well as in 1964, in coalition with the National Radical Union. Years of political turmoil ensued, and culminated in a military coup on 21 April 1967, orchestrated by Georgios Papadopoulos, which resulted in a 7-year military regime. Premiership under the dictatorship

In 1973, the predominantly royalist Hellenic Navy staged an abortive attempt to overthrow the military regime.Junta strongman George Papadopoulos retaliated by deposing the already self-exiled King Constantine II, and appointing himself President of the Republic further to a controversial referendum. In face of growing difficulties with the economy, popular dissent and increasing diplomatic isolation, the Greek junta was seeking ways for a transition to some form of parliamentary rule. Papadopoulos sought support from the old political establishment, and Markezinis accepted to undertake the mission to help lead the country back to parliamentary rule in a process that was called metapolitefsi. In September 1973, he was appointed by Papadopoulos Prime Minister of Greece, with the task to lead Greece to parliamentary rule. He accepted the task, subject to a commitment by Papadopoulos to curtail any military interference. Papadopoulos proceeded to abolish martial law, and eased censorship of the press. Free elections were


title: Siemon Allen

texts:
<mask> (born in Durban, South Africa) is an artist working mainly with installations. He is living and working in the United States. <mask> is considered one of the most prominent exponents of the South African arts diaspora in the Northeastern USA. Life
<mask> studied fine arts at the Technikon Natal in Durban, where he graduated with a Master of Arts in 1999. During his studies he got to know his future wife, an American, and together they moved to the US later on. Today, <mask> is working as a visiting professor at the department for sculpture and extended media at the Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Virginia. While still living in South Africa, <mask> was founding member of the FLAT Gallery (1993–1995) within the context of an artists' initiative.<mask>'s works were exhibited at the 2nd Johannesburg Biennale as part of the exhibition "Graft".he hasn't talked mostly about his private life in public life His works are part of many collections in- and outside of South Africa, including the collections of the Durban Art Gallery, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City and the Standard Bank Collection. Work philosophy
<mask> <mask> is a passionate collector and archivist of South African ephemera, which he uses to create large-scale visual and informational installations. Accordingly, these works are entitled "collection projects" and primarily explore the concept of creating identity through distance and the image of South Africa in general. For his installations, <mask> systematically accumulates mass-produced printed materials, which he catalogues and exhibits. The working process thus is similar to the one of an archivist. As a

masks:
Siemon Allen
Allen
Siemon Allen
Allen
Allen
Allen
Siemon
Allen
Allen


title: Siemon Allen

texts:
 South African living abroad, <mask> is especially interested in exploring and understanding how a country is seen from outside and what is the country's role in building this image. In the early 2000s he came across a website of the South African government that strongly advertised an appeal for positive branding-politics outside of the country as well as for the recruitment of non-governmental South Africans living abroad to act as "ambassadors" for the country.<mask>'s installations both debunk this essentialist thought of a South African "brand" and contribute to it. <mask>'s actual project is about the creation of a vast, internet-based archive of audio-documents regarding the South African history. The exhibition which resulted from this archive was called "Records" and was shown in South Africa in 2009 and in the US in 2010. Exhibitions

Solo (selection)

 2010 Imaging South Africa: Collection Projects by <mask> <mask>, Anderson Gallery, VCU, Richmond, VA, USA
 2009 Imaging South Africa: Records, BANK Gallery, Durban, South Africa
 2005 Cards II, FUSEBOX, Washington, DC, USA
 2004 Newspapers (Register), Drake University – Anderson Gallery, Des Moines, IA, USA
 2002 Newspapers (Post/Times), FUSEBOX, Washington, DC, USA
 2001 STAMP COLLECTION – Imaging South Africa, Hemicycle/Corcoran Museum, Washington, DC, USA
 1999 House, Gallery 400, Chicago, IL, USA
 1994 Songs for Nella, FLAT Gallery, Durban, South Africa

Group (selection)

 2011 Desire, Ideal Narrative in Contemporary South African Art, South African Pavilion, 54. Biennale von Venedig, Venedig, Italy
 2010 Records, The Gordon Schachat Collection — Featured Artist, Johannesburg Art

masks: Allen Allen Allen Siemon Allen


title: Siemon Allen

texts:
 1994 Vita Art Now 93, Johannesburg Art Gallery, South Africa
 1993 Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA) (two person with Greg Streak), Johannesburg, South Africa

Bibliography

 Anderson Gallery (Drake University). Siemon Allen – Newspapers: a project by Siemon Allen.Anderson Gallery, Drake University, 2004. <mask>, <mask>. <mask> <mask> – A fiction of authenticity: contemporary Africa abroad. Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis, 2003. <mask>, <mask>. <mask> <mask> – <mask> <mask>, 1993–1999, 1999. <mask>, <mask>.<mask> <mask> – The Flat Gallery: a documentation and critical examinination of an informal art organisation in Durban. Flat International, 1999. References

External links
  <mask> <mask>'s homepage
  Electric Jive, where <mask> <mask> is part of a team blogging about South African music
  flatinternational, <mask> <mask>'s archive of South African audio
  article on Artsouthafrica.com
  article on Bizcommunity.whatson.co.za
  artist's portfolio on Arts.vcu.edu
  article in the German Monopol Magazin
  article on the blog Esterknows.com
  article on mahala.co.za
  article in Artforum (2004)

Living people
South African contemporary artists
South African installation artists
Conceptual artists
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Allen Siemon Siemon Allen Allen Siemon Siemon Allen Siemon Allen Allen Siemon Siemon Allen Siemon Allen Siemon Allen Siemon Allen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
<mask> "A. J.<mask> (born December 16, 1981) is an American professional stock car racing driver. He competes full-time in the NASCAR Xfinity Series, driving the No. 16 Chevrolet Camaro for Kaulig Racing, as well as part-time in the NASCAR Cup Series driving the No. 16 Chevrolet Camaro ZL1 for Kaulig Racing. <mask>'s professional racing career began on the American open-wheel circuit.He earned five wins and third place overall in the 2006 Champ Car season. <mask>dinger then began competing in NASCAR for Team Red Bull. He later drove for Richard Petty Motorsports, Penske Racing, Phoenix Racing, and JTG Daugherty Racing in the Cup Series. When he lost his full-time Cup Series ride with JTGD in 2019 to Ryan Preece, he became a part-time driver for Kaulig in the Xfinity Series and part-time television broadcaster for NBC, working as a color commentator for IMSA races and an analyst on NASCAR America until 2021 when he returned to driving full-time. Moreover, he has competed in the 24 Hours of Daytona for Michael Shank's team in 15 of the last 17 years, winning the event in 2012. He is nicknamed "The Dinger". Early career
<mask>dinger started his racing career at the age of five, racing BMX bikes.He advanced to quarter-midgets on ovals on the West Coast by the time he was eight, and within a few years, he began racing karts, winning two International Kart Federation Grand National championships. <mask>dinger participated in the Formula Dodge National Championship in 2001, which earned him a spot in the Barber Dodge Pro Series championship in 2002, a championship he won. He also

masks:
Anthony James
" Allmendinger
Allmendinger
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 raced in New Zealand in 2002 in the New Zealand Formula Ford Championship. In 2003, he was signed to Carl Russo's RuSPORT team and won the Champ Car Atlantic Championship, winning nine pole positions and seven races. American open-wheel racing

2004–06: RuSPORT

On February 29, 2004, <mask>mendinger and RuSPORT entered the Champ Car World Series, with <mask> <mask>. joining Allmendinger. Red Bull also signed <mask>dinger as a member of their family of athletes. He scored a run of six top-six finishes towards the end of the season and won the Roshfrans Rookie-of-the-Year Award ahead of <mask>.Wilson joined the team for 2005, with both drivers having been in regular contention for podium finishes. 2006: Multiple wins with Forsythe
On June 9, 2006, RuSPORT announced that <mask>mendinger would be replaced by 2002 CART champion Cristiano da Matta. Team owner Russo stated: "A.J. has been with us since we created RuSPORT late in 2002...However, as RuSPORT and A.J. have progressed, we believe a different environment will help A.J. to grow even faster, and so we have made this very difficult decision." Russo also believed a former champion in da Matta would present a greater opponent for defending champion Sébastien Bourdais, who had swept the season's first four races.Five days later, Forsythe Championship Racing announced <mask> as their new driver, replacing Mario Domínguez. In his first race with Forsythe, <mask> won the Grand Prix of Portland. <mask> became the first American to win a Champ Car World Series event since Ryan Hunter-Reay won at the Milwaukee Mile in 2004. He then

masks:
All
Michel Jourdain
Jr
Allmen
Justin Wilson
All
Allmendinger
Allmendinger
Allmendinger


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 won the next two races at the Grand Prix of Cleveland and the Grand Prix of Toronto, giving him three consecutive victories in the first three races since his departure from RuSPORT. This victory moved <mask> into second place in the CCWS championship standings behind Bourdais. He earned his fourth and fifth wins of the season at Denver and Road America. He left Champ Car with one race left in the season to accept a lucrative offer from NASCAR's Red Bull Racing Team.In 2007, <mask>mendinger commented that a lack of marketing and sponsorship due to the CART-IRL split played a role in him and several other open-wheel drivers moving to NASCAR, adding "it needs to be one series. To have all the best open-wheel drivers on this continent racing against each other, you'd hopefully get some sponsors back and get a decent TV package." 2013: Return to IndyCar with Team Penske
It was reported in late 2012 that <mask>mendinger could move to the now-unified IndyCar Series with Michael Shank Racing, which he co-owned, for the 2013 season. This failed to materialize; instead, he participated in IndyCar's winter testing at Sebring with Team Penske, and in March it was announced that <mask>dinger would compete in the IndyCar series for the team in at least two races, at Barber Motorsports Park and at the 2013 Indianapolis 500, with the goal of adding more races later in the season. This was extended to include the Long Beach Grand Prix, the Chevy Indy Dual in Detroit, and the season finale at Fontana. NASCAR

2006: Stock car debut

<mask>dinger made his NASCAR debut in the Craftsman Truck

masks: Allmendinger All All Allmen Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 Series driving for Bill Davis Racing at New Hampshire International Speedway on September 16, 2006, in the No. 24 Toyota Tundra.He crashed his primary truck in qualifying but started the race 32nd in a backup truck from teammate Bill Lester and finished on the lead lap in 13th. He also competed at the Talladega Superspeedway in October with a finish of fifth. In his third career truck series start, he qualified in second place at Atlanta and led five laps before he wrecked and finished 34th. Red Bull officially announced <mask>dinger as part of its 2007 Nextel Cup Series driver lineup on October 25, 2006. He attempted his first Cup Series event at Atlanta in October 2006 driving the No. 84 Red Bull Dodge Charger; however, due to qualifying being rained out, a lack of owner's points prevented <mask>dinger from making the race. He also attempted to make the race at Texas Motor Speedway, failing to qualify again.2007–2008: Red Bull
Allmendinger and Brian Vickers were named Red Bull's drivers for 2007, with <mask>dinger piloting the team's No. 84 Toyota Camry with Vickers in the team's No. 83. <mask>dinger failed to qualify for the 2007 Daytona 500 after a crash in the first Gatorade Duel race. He also failed to qualify for the next three races before making his first Cup start at the fifth race of the season, the Food City 500 at Bristol. As the season progressed, <mask>dinger made a handful of races, predominantly in the "Car of Tomorrow". <mask>dinger failed to qualify in 19 races that season.To assist him in the transition to stock cars, he participated in selected Craftsman

masks: Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 Truck Series races in a Toyota for the Darrell Waltrip Motorsports organization, and in the No. 42 Memorex/Chip Ganassi Dodge in the Busch Series. <mask>dinger again failed to qualify for the 2008 Daytona 500. After three failures to qualify in two attempts (qualifying for the second race of the season, Fontana, was rained out and set by 2007 owner's points), he was replaced by veteran driver Mike Skinner temporarily. <mask>dinger returned to the Cup Series at Talladega. On May 17, he won the Sprint Showdown at Lowe's Motor Speedway during NASCAR's annual All-Star weekend. The win qualified <mask>dinger for the Sprint All-Star Race later that evening, where he finished 17th.Due to Allmendinger's 11th-place finish at Watkins Glen, for the first time in his career, he had a guaranteed starting spot for the next race. He had his best career finish at the time at Kansas Speedway coming in ninth, but was released from the team two days later. He was replaced for the rest of the season by Scott Speed and Skinner. <mask>dinger raced with for Michael Waltrip Racing for 1 race in the no. 00 and Evernham Motorsports for the last 5 races in the no. 10. <mask>dinger posted 2 top 10's and improved in making races by only failing to qualify for just the first 3 races.2008–2011: Richard Petty Motorsports
After signing a one-race contract with Michael Waltrip Racing, Allmendinger replaced fellow former open-wheel star Patrick Carpentier at Gillett Evernham Motorsports, scoring an average finish of 15.4th over five races in the team's No. 10 Valvoline Dodge. During the offseason, as part of

masks: Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts: the merger between GEM and Petty Enterprises, Allmendinger was to move to the No. 19 Best Buy Dodge replacing Elliott Sadler. However, Sadler was still under contract for the 2010 season and announced he would file suit against <mask>mendinger and the organization. In early January 2009, Richard Petty Motorsports announced a settlement where Sadler would remain in the No. 19 and <mask>mendinger would return to his 2008 team, which was renumbered 44.However, Valvoline did not commit to sponsoring the team full-time and they were forced to race without full-time sponsorship. <mask>mendinger's team ended the 2008 season 36th in owner's points, meaning it did not have exemptions for the first five races of 2009. The retro-styled Valvoline 44 raced its way into the Daytona 500, and third in his Daytona 500 debut, also his personal best, and is the fourth-best Daytona 500 debut behind Lee Petty in the 1959 Daytona 500, Scott Wimmer in the 2004 Daytona 500 and Trevor Bayne in the 2011 Daytona 500. <mask>dinger was one of two go-or-go-home drivers (the other being Tony Stewart, but Stewart had the past champion's provisional available) to successfully attempt the first five races of the 2009 season. At 1:27 am on October 29, 2009, <mask>dinger was arrested for drunk driving by Mooresville, North Carolina police. He registered a .08 blood alcohol level according to a police report. NASCAR placed him on probation for the rest of the 2009 season.<mask>dinger drove a Ford Fusion in the final three races of the season as part of RPM's transition from Dodge to Ford. During the offseason,

masks: All All All Allmen Allmen Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 <mask> replaced Reed Sorenson in the team's famous No. 43 car. He collected two top-fives, eight top-10s, and a pole position in 2010, and finished 19th in the final standings. After finishing 11th in the 2011 Daytona 500, <mask>er started the season 10th in points driving the No. 43 Ford sponsored by Best Buy. <mask>er continued to have a career-best year in 2011 with 10 top-10 finishes and an average finish of 16th.He finished the 2011 regular season contending for a wild card spot in the Chase for the Sprint Cup but came up just short. Three races before setting the field for the Chase, RPM put former Roush Fenway Racing crew chief Greg Erwin on the pit box starting at the 2011 Brickyard 400. <mask>dinger and Erwin recorded six top-10 finishes after their pairing. <mask>dinger finished the 2011 season a career-best 15th in the points. <mask>dinger also announced that he would have a partnership stake in Mike Shank's IndyCar team MSR Indy. 2012: Team Penske, suspension

At the end of the 2011 season, <mask>dinger left Richard Petty Motorsports when the driving spot for Penske Racing's No. 22 Shell/Pennzoil Dodge became open after the parting ways of Kurt Busch and Penske.Before his suspension, his best finish was a second at Martinsville Speedway. After failing a random drug test on July 7, 2012, <mask>er was suspended from participation in the Coke Zero 400. Steve O'Donnell, NASCAR's senior vice president for racing operations, said that <mask>mendinger had up to 72 hours to request a B test sample. The next day, Penske said before the Honda Indy Toronto race that

masks: Allmendinger Allmending Allmending Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmen Allmending All


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 <mask>mendinger's B sample would be tested on Monday or Tuesday. <mask>mendinger requested a B sample test on July 9. On July 11, 2012, Allmendinger's camp said a stimulant caused the positive drug test. The B sample test had not yet been scheduled at that time.On July 24, it was announced by NASCAR that <mask> was suspended indefinitely after the B sample tested positive for a banned stimulant, which was revealed to be amphetamine. He chose to participate in the Road to Recovery program. On August 1, he was released from his contract by Penske Racing. <mask>er was replaced in the No. 22 by Sam Hornish<mask>.; he later stated that the cause of the positive test was <mask> that he had unknowingly taken, being told it was an "energy pill". <mask>er was reinstated by NASCAR on September 18 after completing the Road to Recovery program. In October 2012, <mask> returned to NASCAR at Charlotte Motor Speedway, driving for Phoenix Racing, substituting for Phoenix's intended driver Regan Smith, who had been hired by Hendrick Motorsports to drive the No.88 for Charlotte and Kansas while Dale Earnhardt<mask>. was sidelined with a concussion. 2013: Nationwide success, part-time in Cup

On June 1, 2013, Roger Penske announced that <mask>dinger would drive for his team at Road America and the Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course. In his first race of the season, the Johnsonville Sausage 200 on June 22, he won after winning the pole position and leading 29 laps, which was the most of any driver. At Mid-Ohio in August, <mask>dinger dominated the race, saving fuel through a green-white-checkered finish

masks:
All
All
Allmendinger
Allmending
, Jr
Adderall
Allmending
Allmendinger
, Jr
Allmen
Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 to win and sweep the year's Nationwide Series road-course races for Penske Racing. Sprint Cup Series
<mask>dinger drove part-time for Phoenix Racing in the No. 51 Chevrolet in the Sprint Cup Series. He had several strong finishes in the first part of the season: 11th at Phoenix, 13th at Bristol, 16th at Fontana, and 14th at Richmond.His first finish worse than 20th was at Pocono, where he finished 33rd. Afterward, <mask> moved to the No. 47 Toyota at JTG Daugherty Racing in place of Bobby Labonte for two races, with a 19th-place finish at Michigan and 22nd-place finish at Kentucky. At Daytona, <mask>er returned to the No. 51 and was running near the top-ten for almost the entire night until lap 148, when he was part of a wreck in the tri-oval with Denny Hamlin, <mask>, Matt Kenseth, and David Reutimann, reducing <mask>dinger to a 35th-place finish. Returning to the No. 47 at Watkins Glen, <mask>er had another breakout run, qualifying fourth, and running in the top fifteen for most of the day, finishing in 10th place.On August 29, 2013, the Sporting News reported that <mask>er would be the full-time driver for JTG Daugherty Racing in 2014. This was confirmed a month later with Allmendinger signing a multi-year deal with the team. 2014: Breakthrough Cup victory
<mask>mendinger had a few poor opening races, but did well at Fontana, recovering from a late speeding penalty to finish eighth, as well as having top-tens at Richmond and Talladega. At Sonoma, <mask>dinger qualified on the front row with <mask>. <mask>er led the most laps and was in position to possibly earn his first

masks:
Allmen
Allmendinger
Allmending
Jeff Gordon
Allmen
Allmending
Allmending
All
Allmen
Jamie McMurray
Allmending


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 Sprint Cup victory when he was wrecked by Dale Earnhardt <mask>. with 25 laps to go. <mask>dinger was visibly upset with Earnhardt <mask>. in post-race ceremonies. At Watkins Glen, <mask>dinger took the lead with less than 30 laps to go after a side-by-side battle with former teammate <mask> and kept the lead until the checkered flag, earning his first Sprint Cup Series win after 213 Sprint Cup starts, leading 30 laps in the process."My gosh, I can't believe we won a NASCAR Sprint Cup race. This whole 47 team... all the sponsors, my first Cup victory. I love these guys. I just wanted it so bad for them. For this team. They worked so hard. I wasn't going to let Marcos take that from me.I hope the fans loved that race and at home. Because it was fun in the race car." <mask> commented on <mask>dinger's win: "First of all, congratulations to A. J. and the 47 team. They deserved that win. I left nothing on the table. I tried to rattle his cage and couldn't shake him. We raced fair and square to the end there.It was a tough couple laps but it was fair. We were both giving it to each other pretty hard. No harm, no foul. We just came up a little short." Before the race, <mask>dinger had announced that Kimberly-Clark Corporation (consisting of Scott, Viva, Kleenex, Cottonelle, and Huggies brands) extended its sponsorship agreement with the team through 2017. 2015

Though NASCAR expanded the grid of the Sprint Unlimited to include all the Chase drivers, <mask>er declined the invitation, saying he wanted to save his equipment for the points races such as the Daytona 500. Instead, he

masks:
Jr
Allmen
Jr
Allmen
Marcos Ambrose
Ambrose
Allmen
Allmen
Allmending


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 joined the Motor Racing Network's radio broadcast of the race, working in the booth alongside <mask> and <mask>.<mask>dinger got his season off to a good start, leading a few laps during the Daytona 500. The next week at Atlanta, he finished seventh and sixth one week later at Las Vegas. On May 9, 2015, <mask> Daugherty, allowing him to remain with the team through the 2020 season. 2016
<mask>er nearly pulled off an upset at the 2016 STP 500 at Martinsville. He charged hard from 13th place with less than 20 laps to go, to finish second to Kyle Busch by 1.547 seconds. It tied 2012 as his career-best finish at Martinsville. <mask>er ended the season on a high note, earning four top tens on the final 6 races and finishing 19th in the standings.On June 8, 2016, Richard Childress Racing announced plans to add <mask>er to their Xfinity Series driver lineup, hiring him to drive the No. 2 Chevrolet Camaro at Mid-Ohio; however, <mask>dinger had a schedule conflict and Sam Hornish <mask>. drove the race instead. 2017

<mask>dinger started the 2017 season at Daytona by finishing in third place, equalling his best career finish in the event. At Talladega, <mask>er was caught in a multi-car accident while running third with 19 laps to go. <mask>dinger got loose drafting Chase Elliott, causing <mask>dinger's car to spin out and eventually flip over. At Watkins Glen, <mask>dinger ran well enough to be the highest-finishing Chevrolet in the race, placing ninth. 2018
<mask>dinger opened the 2018 season with a top-ten finish in the Daytona 500 and later had an eighth-place finish at the STP

masks:
Joe Moore
Jeff Striegle
Allmen
AllmenerG
Allmending
Allmending
Allmending
Allmen
Jr
Allmen
Allmending
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 500.In May, <mask>dinger won the Monster Energy Open, the second time he had taken victory in the race. On September 25, 2018, it was announced that <mask>, despite having two years left on his contract from 2015, would part ways with JTG at the end of the 2018 season, ending a long-time relationship with the team. 2019–2020: Part-time with Kaulig Racing

On March 21, 2019, Kaulig Racing announced <mask> would join the team's No. 10 car for a part-time Xfinity Series schedule. His schedule was originally a four-race slate beginning in July at Daytona, followed by the road course events at Mid-Ohio, Road America, and the Charlotte Motor Speedway Roval. In the 2019 Circle K Firecracker 250 at Daytona, <mask>dinger finished third, but was disqualified and relegated to last place after his car failed an engine vacuum test during post-race inspection. On July 17, Kaulig announced that <mask>dinger would add a fifth race to his schedule: the 2019 Zippo 200 at The Glen at Watkins Glen International on August 3, 2019.He was once again disqualified when his second-place finishing car was discovered to be too low on both rear corners during post-race inspection. At his final start of the year at the Charlotte Roval, he picked up his first win of the season and third of his Xfinity Series career, beating out RCR driver Tyler Reddick. A few weeks after his Roval win, Kaulig president Chris Rice stated in an interview that <mask>dinger would tentatively return to the team to drive for them in all of the Xfinity Series road course races again. In addition to those four races, he added he

masks: Allmen Allmener Allmener Allmen Allmen Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts: could likely run the new race for the series at Martinsville, a track that <mask>dinger has historically performed well at throughout his NASCAR career. <mask>dinger formally moved to the No. 16, Kaulig's part-time third car, for 2020 because the No. 10 was taken over full-time by Ross Chastain.On January 30, 2020, Kaulig Racing announced <mask>dinger would appear in eight races for the team, predominantly at the road courses and superspeedways. Further races at Bristol and Atlanta were later added to his schedule, the latter in which he scored his first career victory on an oval. The Atlanta victory made <mask>dinger eligible for the series' $100,000 Dash 4 Cash bonus available the following week at Homestead-Miami. Kaulig added the race to <mask>dinger's schedule, where he finished fourth, enough to claim the bonus. At the Cup Series race at Martinsville in June, <mask>dinger was on standby for RCR's <mask>, who was expecting his first child with his wife, Whitney. <mask>dinger continued acting on standby until Homestead-Miami but was not needed as Dillon's son was born Sunday morning before the Homestead race. In August, <mask>dinger finished second at Road America to Team Penske's <mask>indric.At the Daytona road course race, <mask> finished fourth but was involved in controversy as he spun <mask>er in the closing laps, leading to a confrontation between the two drivers. <mask>dinger was leading going into the final corner of the August Daytona oval race but wrecked after contact with his Kaulig teammate Ross Chastain. In October, <mask>er defended his win on the

masks:
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Austin Dillon
Allmen
Allmen
Austin C
Allmener
Justin Allgai
Allmen
Allmending


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 Charlotte Roval, taking victory at the track for the second year in a row in a race affected by rain and darkness. 2021–present: Full-time at Kaulig and return to the NASCAR Cup Series

On December 1, 2020, Kaulig announced that <mask>dinger would run the full 2021 Xfinity Series schedule for the team. He also joined the team's Cup Series program for the Daytona road course, marking his first Cup series race since 2018. In March, <mask>dinger earned his sixth career win by passing Daniel Hemric on a late-race restart at Las Vegas. He scored a second win at Mid-Ohio in June.On August 5, 2021, GMS Racing announced that <mask>dinger would run his first Camping World Truck Series race since 2008 at the regular-season finale at Watkins Glen International, replacing its normal driver Chase Purdy after he tested positive for COVID-19. On August 15, <mask>dinger scored his second career Cup series win at the Indianapolis road course, giving Kaulig Racing its first victory in the Cup series. At Bristol Motor Speedway, battling with <mask> for the regular-season championship, <mask>dinger won the race as well as the regular-season title, despite crashing at the finish similar to Terry Labonte in the 1995 Goody’s 500 at Bristol when Labonte was spun by Dale Earnhardt and still won. After his win at the 2021 Drive for the Cure 250, <mask>dinger broke the record for most wins (6) at a road course in NASCAR Xfinity series history. This record was previously held by <mask>. In November 2021, it was announced that Allmendinger will be scheduled to run at least 12-15 races for Kaulig Racing

masks:
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Austin Cindric
Allmen
Allmen
Austin Cindric


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 during the 2022 NASCAR Cup series season. Sports car racing

Except for 2017, <mask>dinger has competed in the 24 Hours of Daytona every year since 2006.On January 28 and 29, 2012, <mask>dinger entered the Rolex 24 driving for Michael Shank Racing and drove the final segment of the 24-hour race to the victory for the team in the Daytona Prototype Division. His teammates were <mask>, <mask>, and Oswaldo Negri. To do so, he had to fend off sports car racing veteran <mask> among others. On January 4, 2014, it was announced that <mask>dinger would return to Michael Shank Racing for the 24 Hours of Daytona. Co-driving with <mask>, Oswaldo Negri, <mask>. and <mask>, the team finished 47th overall, 12th in the Prototype class. Television career
<mask>dinger first ventured into television with Fox Sports' NASCAR Race Hub, serving as a recurring driver analyst while still racing full-time for JTG Daugherty Racing. On December 19, 2018, NBC Sports announced plans to hire <mask>dinger as an analyst for their IMSA Sports Car coverage.He would also be a contributor to NBCSN's NASCAR America. Additionally, <mask>dinger joined NBCSN's coverage of American Flat Track as an analyst for the 2019 season. In July 2019, <mask>dinger joined the IndyCar Series on NBC booth for the Iowa Speedway event, working alongside Leigh Diffey and Paul Tracy. Personal life
<mask>dinger was born in Santa Clara but raised in Los Gatos, both suburbs of the San Francisco Bay area. <mask>dinger was married to Canadian model and 2003 Miss Molson Indy Canada Lynne Kushnirenko in January 2007 after meeting her at a

masks:
Allmen
Allmen
Justin Wilson
John Pew
Allan McNish
Allmen
John Pew
Jr
Justin Wilson
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen
Allmen


title: A. J. Allmendinger

texts:
 Champ Car race in Toronto in 2005. The two filed for divorce in 2012. In 2019, <mask>dinger married longtime girlfriend Tara Meador.The two own a pet cat named Mr. Tickles. <mask>mendinger was very close friends with his former RuSPORT and Rolex 24 teammate <mask>. After Wilson's death in 2015, former RuSPORT president <mask> recalled their positive relationship as teammates as something that helped Allmendinger's growth as a driver. Allmendinger honored Wilson throughout the final races of the 2015 Cup Series season by placing Wilson's name above the window of his car. He also stated after Wilson's death that he would only return to IndyCar racing if the series implemented cockpit protection. Motorsports career results

American open-wheel racing
(key)

Barber Dodge Pro Series

Atlantic Championship

Champ Car World Series

IndyCar Series

Indianapolis 500

NASCAR
(key) (Bold – Pole position awarded by qualifying time. Italics – Pole position earned by points standings or practice time.* – Most laps led.) Cup Series

Daytona 500

Xfinity Series

Camping World Truck Series

 Season still in progress
 Ineligible for series championship points

Complete sports car racing results

Rolex Sports Car Series results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position) (Races in italics indicate fastest lap)

IMSA WeatherTech Sportscar Championship

24 Hours of Daytona

References

External links

 <mask>. <mask>dinger at Driver Database

Living people
1981 births
Sportspeople from Santa Clara County, California
Racing drivers from California
24 Hours of Daytona drivers
NASCAR

masks:
Allmen
All
Justin Wilson
Jeremy Dale
A J
Allmen


title: Zak Cummings

texts:
Zacharry "<mask>" <mask> (born August 2, 1984) is an American mixed martial artist, who currently competes in the Middleweight division of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. A professional competitor since 2007, he has also formerly competed for Strikeforce, MFC, Titan FC, and Bellator. Background
Born in Irving, Texas, <mask> moved to Springfield, Missouri at the age of three. After beginning wrestling in the sixth grade, he attended Glendale High School where he competed in wrestling, as well as football, baseball, and basketball. A state qualifier, he later attended Meramec Community College where he was a two-time NJCAA national qualifier his freshman and sophomore seasons. Due to an injury, <mask> transferred to Missouri State University to finish his degree, majoring in exercise and movement science. It was around this time that he began to training in mixed martial arts, and was 6–0 as an amateur before turning professional.Mixed martial arts career

Early career
<mask> made his professional MMA debut in November 2007. He was undefeated for the first year and a half of his career, going 10–0 during that time period with a majority of his wins by TKO or submission. This impressive streak earned him a shot in Strikeforce. He faced Tim Kennedy in the main event of Strikeforce Challengers 3, but lost via submission in the second round. Post-Strikeforce, <mask> fought for various independent organizations and had one appearance for Bellator Fighting Championships. He added 5 more wins and 2 losses to his record during this time. The Ultimate Fighter
In January 2013, it was revealed that <mask> was a cast member of The

masks:
Zak
Michael Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings
Cummings


title: Zak Cummings

texts:
 Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs.Team Sonnen. He won his preliminary bout over Nik Fekete quickly by TKO with the first punch he threw. <mask> was selected by Sonnen as his third pick (fifth overall). <mask> faced Dylan Andrews in the elimination round. He lost via majority decision. Ultimate Fighting Championship
<mask> made his debut against Ben Alloway on August 28, 2013 at UFC Fight Night: Condit vs. Kampmann 2. He won the fight via submission in the first round.The win also earned him his first Submission of the Night bonus award. <mask> was expected to face Sérgio Moraes on November 30, 2013 at The Ultimate Fighter 18 Finale. However, <mask> and Moraes had to pull out of the event due to injury and were replaced by Sean Spencer and Drew Dober respectively. <mask> was expected to face promotional newcomer Alberto Mina on March 1, 2014 at The Ultimate Fighter China Finale. However, at the weigh-ins for the event, <mask> came in eight pounds over the welterweight limit. On the advice of his coaches, Mina would not agree to compete at a catch weight, so the bout was scratched from the event. <mask> faced Yan Cabral on May 10, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 40.He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> was briefly linked to a bout with Kenny Robertson on July 16, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 45. However, <mask> was pulled from that fight in favor of a matchup with Gunnar Nelson on July 19, 2014 at UFC Fight Night 46 after his opponent Ryan LaFlare was removed from the card. He lost the fight via rear-naked choke. <mask> was expected to face Antônio Braga Neto on July 25, 2015 at UFC on Fox 16. However, Braga Neto pulled out of

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Zak Cummings

texts:
 the fight in early July and was replaced by promotional newcomer Dominique Steele. <mask> won the fight by TKO in the first round.<mask> faced Nicolas Dalby on April 10, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 86, filling in for Bartosz Fabiński. He won the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> next faced Santiago Ponzinibbio on August 6, 2016 at UFC Fight Night 92. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. <mask> faced Alexander Yakovlev at UFC Fight Night 99 on November 19, 2016. He won the bout by submission in the second round. <mask> faced Nathan Coy on April 15, 2017 at UFC on Fox 24.He won the fight via technical submission due to a guillotine choke in the first round. <mask> was scheduled to face Thiago Alves on January 14, 2018 at UFC Fight Night: Stephens vs. Choi. On January 13, 2018, it was announced that <mask> injured his skull after a bathroom slip and the bout against Alves was cancelled as no replacement would be sought. <mask> faced Michel Prazeres  on May 19, 2018 at UFC Fight Night 129. He lost the back-and-forth fight via split decision. <mask> faced Trevor Smith on December 15, 2018 at UFC on Fox 31. He won the fight by unanimous decision.<mask> faced Trevin Giles on May 18, 2019 at UFC Fight Night 152. He won the fight via a guillotine choke submission in the third round. <mask> faced Omari Akhmedov on September 7, 2019 at UFC 242. He lost the fight by unanimous decision. <mask> was scheduled to face Andrew Sanchez on April 25, 2020. However, on April 9, Dana White, the president of UFC announced that this event was postponed to a future date

<mask> faced Alessio Di Chirico on August 29, 2020 at UFC Fight Night

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Zak Cummings

texts:
 175. He won the fight by unanimous decision.<mask> was scheduled to face Sam Alvey on April 10, 2021 at UFC on ABC 2. However on March 11, <mask> withdrew from the bout for undisclosed reasons and was replaced by Julian Marquez. Personal life
<mask> is the co-owner of Glory Fitness in Kansas City, where he also serves as a head coach. <mask> has a daughter, Kyleigh (born 2017). Team Sonnen
|  (airdate)
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Nik Fekete
| KO (punches)
| The Ultimate Fighter: Team Jones vs. Team Sonnen
|  (airdate)
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|

See also
 List of current UFC fighters
 List of male mixed martial artists

References

External links

1984 births
Living people
People from Irving, Texas
American male mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from Texas
Welterweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
Missouri State University alumni
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American male sport

masks: Cummings Cummings Cummings Cummings


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
Patriarch <mask> (secular name <mask>, born 23 January 1929) is the primate and Patriarch of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate (1995–2018; 2019–present). He was the honorary Patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (2018–2019), and the former Metropolitan of Kyiv of the Russian Orthodox Church (1966–1992). He was defrocked and in 1997 excommunicated by the ROC. On 11 October 2018, the Patriarchate of Constantinople reinstated him in church communion. However, while restored to the episcopate, the Ecumenical Patriarchate never recognised him as Patriarch and views him as the former Metropolitan of Kyiv. On 15 December 2018, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate united with the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church and some members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP) into the Orthodox Church of Ukraine; the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyiv Patriarchate thus ceased to exist. Early years
<mask> was born on 23 January 1929, into a worker's family of Anton and <mask> in the village of Blahodatne in the Amvrosiivsky Raion (district) today in the Donetsk Oblast (province) in Eastern Ukraine.He obtained his theological education at the Odessa Seminary (Moscow Patriarchate) and the Moscow Theological Academy where he became a close associate of Patriarch Alexius I of Moscow. He took monastic vows in 1950 assuming the monastic name Filaret and was ordained hierodeacon in January 1950 and priest in June 1951. After his graduation he stayed at the Moscow Theological Academy as a professor (from 1952) and Senior Assistant to the Academy inspector. In 1956 he was appointed Inspector of the Theological Seminary in Saratov and elevated to the rank of hegumen. In 1957 he was appointed Inspector of the Kyiv Theological Seminary. In July 1958 he was further elevated to the rank of Archimandrite and appointed seminary

masks:
Filaret
Mykhailo Antonovych Denysenko
Mykhailo Denysenko
Melania Denysenko


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
 rector. Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church
In 1961, <mask> served in the mission of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) to the Patriarch of Alexandria.In January 1962 <mask> was elected vicar Bishop of the Leningrad Eparchy and, in February, was ordained bishop in Leningrad by Metropolitan Pimen (later Moscow Patriarch) and other bishops. <mask> was appointed to several diplomatic missions of the Russian Orthodox Church and from 1962 to 1964 served as ROC Bishop of Vienna and Austria. In 1964 he returned to Moscow as the Bishop of Dmitrov and rector of the Moscow Theological Academy and Seminary. In 1966, he became archbishop of Kyiv and Halych, thus becoming one of the most influential hierarchs in the Russian Orthodox Church, where the office of the Kyiv Metropolitan is highly regarded. At that time he also became a permanent member of the Holy Synod, the highest collegiate body of the Russian Orthodox Church, which has the responsibility of electing the Moscow Patriarch. In 1968 <mask> became Metropolitan of Kyiv and Galicia. As late as October 1989, Filaret was still saying, "The Uniates will never be legalized in our country."On May 3, 1990, Patriarch Pimen of Moscow died and, the same day, Filaret became the locum tenens of the Russian Orthodox Church. <mask> was not elected Patriarch of Moscow. Retrospectively, in 2019, <mask> declared "it was not by chance that I was not elected. The Lord prepared me for Ukraine"

On 27 October 1990, in a ceremony at St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, the newly elected Patriarch Alexei II handed to Metropolitan <mask> a tomos granting "independence in self government" (the tomos did not use either of the words "autonomy" or "autocephaly") to Metropolitan <mask>, and enthroned Filaret, heretofore "Metropolitan of Kyiv", as "Metropolitan of Kyiv and All-Ukraine". In 1992, the Russian Orthodox priest and

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
 Soviet dissident Fr. Gleb Yakunin accused Exarch <mask> of having been an informer for the KGB. Father Gleb stated that he had seen KGB files which listed Exarch <mask>'s codename as Antonov.According to internal KGB documents, tasks the KGB assigned <mask> as an agent included promoting Soviet positions and candidates in the World Council of Churches (WCC), the Christian Peace Conference (CPC) and other international bodies, and, by the 1980s, backing the Soviet authorities’ attempts to prevent the long-suppressed Ukrainian Catholic Church (disparagingly called ‘Uniates’) from regaining an open existence, and backing state attempts to prevent religious believers demanding their rights as glasnost and perestroika opened up the sphere of public debate. In 2018, <mask> declared in an interview with Radio Liberty that he, like all bishops under communism, had to have contacts with the KGB. In 2019, he declared every bishop of the Moscow Patriarchate had to have contact with the KGB, even when it came to appoint a bishop. He added that he had been trained by the Politburo and Patriarch Alexy by the KGB. Creation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate

Following Ukraine's declaration of independence from the Soviet Union on 24 August 1991, a national sobor of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church was held from November 1–3. At the sobor, the voting delegates, (who included all UOC bishops, clergy and lay delegates from each diocese; a delegate from each monastery and seminary, and recognized lay brotherhood) unanimously passed a resolution stating that henceforth the UOC would operate as an autocephalous church. A separate resolution, also unanimous, affirmed the church's desire for Metropolitan <mask> to become its Primate.<mask> convened an assembly at the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra in January 1992 that adopted a request of autocephaly for

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
 Ukrainians to the Moscow Patriarch. In March–April 1992, the Hierarchical Council of the Russian Orthodox Church met with a single agenda item: to consider the resolution passed by the UOC Sobor four months earlier. Although the issue itself was not discussed, <mask> was asked to resign. On the second day of the meeting, Metropolitan <mask> agreed to submit his resignation to the UOC Synod, and the ROC Synod passed a resolution which stated:

"The Council of Bishops took into account the statement of the Most Reverend <mask>, Metropolitan of Kyiv and of All-Ukraine, that for the sake of church peace, at the next Council of Bishops of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church, he will submit a request to be relieved from the position of the Primate of the UOC. Understanding of the position of Metropolitan <mask>, the Council of Bishops expressed to him its gratitude for the long period of labour as Archbishop of the See of Kyiv and blessed him to carry out his episcopal service in another diocese of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church." However, after returning to Kyiv, <mask> recanted his resignation. On 14 April, Metropolitan <mask> held a press conference in which he alleged that undue pressure was exerted at the ROC Synod in Moscow, both directly and through threats made by FSK personnel who, he said, were present at the gathering.<mask> stated that he was retracting his resignation on the grounds that his resignation "would not bring peace to the Church, would contradict the will of the believers, and would be uncanonical." Suspension and anathemization
Shortly thereafter, the Russian Orthodox Church, unable to prevent the creation of what it viewed as a "schismatic church" in independent Ukraine, helped to organize a rival synod which was held in Kharkiv in May 1992. These bishops elected a bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, Bishop Volodymyr (Sabodan),

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
 Metropolitan of Kyiv, and received recognition from Moscow as the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). <mask> was suspended on 27 May 1992 by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate). The bishops loyal to Metropolitan <mask> and a similar group from the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (another recently revived church in Ukraine) organized a unifying sobor which was held on 25 June 1992. The delegates agreed to form a combined church named the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate (UOC-KP) under the patriarch they elected, Patriarch Mstyslav. Filaret was defrocked by the Russian Orthodox Church on 11 July 1992.The UOC-KP was not recognized by other Orthodox churches and was considered schismatic. Filaret was then anathemized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1997. ROC officials stated that the anathematization of Filaret was "recognized by all the Local Orthodox Churches including the Church of Constantinople" The synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate did indeed recognize, in a July 1992 letter to Patriarch Alexy II, the defrocking of Filaret by the ROC,  and the Ecumenical Patriarch recognized the anathemization of Filaret in a letter of April 1997 to Patriarch Alexy II. Filaret was also accused by the ROC of having a wife and three children, but it was "never proved". Leadership of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kyiv Patriarchate

After the death of Patriarch Mstyslav in 1993, the church was headed by Patriarch Volodymyr, and in July 1995, upon the death of Volodymyr, <mask> was elected head of the UOC-KP by a vote of 160–5. Metropolitan <mask> consecrated at least 85 bishops. It was reported that he suffered an assassination attempt in 2018.On 11 October 2018, the Holy Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople announced that <mask> Denisenko, along with the Primate of UAOC, had been

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret Filaret


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
 "restored to communion with the Church." The decision of the Ecumenical Patriarchate also abolished the Moscow Patriarchate's jurisdiction over the diocese of Kyiv and hence all the bishops concerned were viewed by the Ecumenical Patriarchate as being under its jurisdiction. On 20 October 2018, the UOC-KP changed the title of its head, to "His Holiness and Beatitude (name), Archbishop and Metropolitan of Kyiv – Mother of the Rus Cities and of Galicia, Patriarch of All Rus-Ukraine, Holy Archimandrite of the Holy Assumption Kyiv-Pechersk and Pochaev Lavras". The abridged form is "His Holiness (name), Patriarch of Kyiv and All Russia-Ukraine" and the form for interchurch relations "Archbishop, Metropolitan of Kyiv and All Rus'-Ukraine". The fact the full title and the version for interchurch relations mention the titles of "archbishop" and "metropolitan" and not the title of "patriarch", but that the abridged form mentioned only the title of "patriarch" has been confusing for some. The Russian Orthodox Church reacted by commenting that this new title was a "farce" and that for them <mask> "was and remains a schismatic". In the OCU
On 15 December 2018, the hierarchs of the UAOC decided to dissolve the UAOC, and the hierarchs of the UOC-KP decided to dissolve the UOC-KP.This was done because on the same day the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate, and some members of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) were going to merge to form the Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) after a unification council. <mask> was given the title of the "honorary patriarch" Orthodox Church of Ukraine. Volodymyr Burega, Professor and Vice-Rector of the Kyiv Theological Academy, explains this title this way: "in December [2018], no one wanted to aggravate relationships with Patriarch Philaret, since holding

masks: Filaret Filaret


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
 the council and receiving the Tomos were at stake. That is why the council, which took place on December 15, did not clarify the new status of Patriarch Filaret. After the unification council of the OCU, they stated that Filaret was henceforth "honorary patriarch", but what this phrase meant was difficult to understand. Indeed, such status is not stipulated in the Charter of the OCU, adopted on December 15." On 18 December 2018, Filaret's 90th birthday, the 23rd of January 2019, was voted by the Ukrainian parliament as a day of national celebration for the year 2019.On 16 January 2019, Filaret asked to be commemorated before Epiphanius, the primate of the OCU, during Divine Liturgies. He signed the document asking for it with "<mask>, Patriarch of Kyiv and All Rus-Ukraine" On 20 January 2019, <mask> declared in an interview when asked about his role in the Orthodox Church of Ukraine: "I am a patriarch, I have been and I remain a patriarch. Today, the Head of the Local Church is Metropolitan Epifaniy, but I do not refuse to participate in the development of the Ukrainian Church. I am an unrecognized patriarch for world Orthodoxy, but for Ukraine I am a patriarch and I remain a patriarch"

On 5 February 2019, the Holy Synod of the OCU appointed Filaret the diocesan bishop of Kyiv, except for the St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery. In an interview published by BBC Ukraine on 1 March 2019, Epiphanius explained the situation around Filaret as follows:

Conflict

A conflict erupted between <mask> and Epiphanius because of disagreements concerning the model of governance, the management of the diaspora, the name and the statute of the OCU. According to Filaret, the agreement reached at the unification council was as follows: "the primate is responsible for the external representation of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), and the patriarch is

masks: Filaret Filaret Filaret


title: Filaret (Denysenko)

texts:
 responsible for the internal church life in Ukraine, but in cooperation with the primate. The primate shall do nothing in the church without the consent of the patriarch.The patriarch chairs the meetings of the Holy Synod and the UOC meetings for the sake of preserving unity, its growth, and affirmation." <mask> considers this agreement has not been fulfilled. Political views
In March 2014, <mask> publicly opposed the annexation of Crimea by Russia. On 5 September 2014, amidst the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine, Filaret held a service to consecrate a memorial cross to the Heavenly Hundred. Filaret declared during his service that in the Orthodox church had appeared "among the rulers of this world [...] a real new Cain" who "calls himself a brother to the Ukrainian people, but in fact according to his deeds [...] really became the new Cain, shedding the brotherly blood and entangling the whole world with lies" and that "Satan went into him, as into Judas Iscariot". The statement was published on the official website of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church – Kyiv Patriarchate in English, Russian and Ukrainian. Publications such as Church Times, Cogwriter, and Ecumenical News identified <mask>'s "new Cain" with Russian President Vladimir Putin.<mask> said that the local population in Donbass "must pay for their guilt [in rejecting Kyiv’s authority] through suffering and blood". COVID-19
In March 2020, during a TV interview, <mask> called the COVID-19 pandemic a "divine punishment" for same-sex marriage. He was later sued by Kyiv-based LGBT-rights group InSight for his remarks. Early September 2020, it was announced that <mask> himself had been tested positive for COVID-19 and admitted to hospital. In an interview released in March 2020 to the Ukraine Channel 4, he declared that the Holy Eucharist could be administrated from one spoon,


title: William Clutz

texts:
<mask> (March 19, 1933 – July 26, 2021) was an American artist known for urban paintings, pastels, and charcoal drawings of pedestrian scenes transformed by light. He was associated with a revival in figurative representation in American art during the 1950s and 1960s. <mask> was born in Gettysburg, PA, and he grew up in Mercersburg, PA. He attended Mercersburg Academy and University of Iowa. He moved to New York City in 1955 to begin his career as a professional artist, and lived there until 1996 when he moved to Rhinebeck, NY. Early life

In 1933, Dr. and Mrs. Paul A<mask>, moved from their parents' homes in Gettysburg, PA to Mercersburg, PA, only a few months after the birth of their second son, <mask>. Dr. Clutz was a recent graduate of the University of Pennsylvania Medical School.He enlisted in the navy in 1941, returning from the Pacific Theater in 1946. Mrs. Clutz received a B.A. in Art History from Barnard College, and was aware of the contemporary art world of the time. <mask> indicated an early interest in the arts as a child. At age 11, it was suggested that he study art with a recent Mercersburg resident, Thomas Danaher. Danaher (1908–1975) and his wife, Ellen, had moved to Mercersburg in 1944, soon after Thomas had finished his tour of duty in the Navy. He was a New York City native, and had studied art at the Cooper Union and at the Art Students League.He had studied under Hans Hoffman and Rockwell Kent. Clutz continued to study with Danaher when the latter began teaching at the nearby Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. Clutz attended Mercersburg Academy from 1947 to 1951 and continued his studies with Danaher, as the academy offered no art courses at that time. Clutz attended the University of Iowa from 1951 to 1955. During this time, he began exhibiting his own paintings in local shows, winning 1st prize at the annual Washington County Museum Regional Cumberland

masks:
William Clutz
Clutz
. Clutz
William
William Clutz


title: William Clutz

texts:
 Valley Artists Exhibition in 1952, 1953, 1957 and an honorable mention at the 1954 Iowa Annual in Des Moines, Iowa. Career
In 1955, <mask> moved to New York City, and began his career as a professional artist. Situated in an area of other struggling artists, he lived on East 9th St. between Avenues B and C near Tompkins Square Park, the subject of several of his early works.He supported his painting career by working a number of part-time jobs. In 1957, he briefly took classes at the Art Students League in Manhattan. In New York, abstract expressionism was the orthodox approach to art at the time. However, Clutz was committed to his personal style that focused on abstracted human figures within urban tableaux. Working in a context of artists who challenged abstract expressionism's popularity in New York, Clutz established himself as a significant proponent of abstract figuration. His paintings focus on human figures within the urban environment, often exposing the transfiguration of his subjects as they travel through the complex light of city streets or summer parks, as shown in two of his early works, "Figures, 1960" and "Summer Park, 1960". Clutz's interest in working from direct observation of urban life was influenced by a long-standing interest in German Expressionism, as well as artists like Henri Matisse, Arshile Gorky, and Nicholas De Stael, and also Albert Ryder's series of reductive seascapes.At points in his career, interest in <mask>'s charcoal drawings or his pastels competed with interest in his paintings. In 1961, he began producing a series of large charcoal drawings at the request of his dealer, David Herbert. In 1962, <mask> joined the Bertha Schaefer Gallery on 57th Street, where his drawings continued to be in demand throughout the 1960s. In 1971, Brooke Alexander, a young contemporary print publisher and dealer, asked Clutz to create a colored print. After Clutz

masks: Clutz Clutz Clutz


title: William Clutz

texts:
 produced a series of large pastels, Alexander agreed to show them in his gallery. . He continued to sell <mask>'s pastels throughout the 1970s. Clutz produced some hand colored prints for Brooke Alexander during this period; some of these were exhibited by Alexander in "Hand-colored Prints", 1973.In the 1970s, <mask> continued to sell many pastels and paintings through the Alonzo Gallery on 57th Street. Many of these pastels were shown in his exhibition in the Walther-Rathenau-Saal, Berlin 1978. The Alonzo Gallery closed in 1980, and in 1981 <mask> became represented by the nearby 57th St. Tatistcheff Gallery. He exhibited pastels often there in group and solo shows. Clutz left the gallery because he was more interested in showing paintings rather than pastels. After leaving Tatistcheff, Clutz continued to show pastels in Los Angeles at Terrence Rogers Fine Art. In 1997 Clutz exhibited paintings at the Nicholas Davies Gallery in Manhattan's Greenwich Village, NY.  .He also exhibited new paintings at Carrie Haddad Gallery, Hudson, NY. After seeing these exhibitions, Katharina Rich Perlow invited Clutz to join her gallery, which happened to be located in same 57th St. building as Clutz's 1960s dealer, Bertha Schaefer. Clutz continued to show often and successfully at this gallery until it closed in 2009. The artist was elected to the National Academy of Design in 2005. In a review of Clutz's retrospective exhibition in 2002, "<mask>z: Five Decades of New York Streets", Ken Johnson writes:

Clutz taught painting and drawing at Parsons The New School for Design from 1970 to 1992. Before that, he taught at the University of Minnesota, Duluth, from 1967 to 1968. He also participated in a teaching exchange at the Gerrit Rietveld Academie, Amsterdam, and the Royal Academy, The Hague, in 1984.He received the Distinguished Teaching Award at Parsons The New School for Design in 1989. In 1996,

masks:
Clutz
Clutz
Clutz
William Clut


title: William Clutz

texts:
 <mask> moved from Manhattan to Rhinebeck, NY, where he resided. He retired in 2008. <mask> died on July 26, 2021. John F. Sheehy, Clutz's partner for 30 years, an antiques dealer and Ireland native, died in 2007. Selected important works in major collections

Significant works by Clutz are included in the collections of Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, DC; Washington County Museum of Fine Arts, MD; The Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY; National Academy Museum, NY; Dayton Art Institute, OH; Museum of Modern Art, NY; Newark Museum, NJ; Museum of the City of New York, NY; Tweed Museum of Art, MN; Hudson River Museum, NY; Mercersburg Academy, PA; Telfair Museum of Art, Savannah, GA; Corcoran Gallery of Art, DC; The Brooklyn Museum, NY; Huntsville Museum of Art, LA; and others. His works are also included in many corporate collections, including Chase Bank, NY; Third National Bank and Trust, Dayton, OH; Bradley Family Foundation (Lynden Sculpture Garden), Milwaukee, WI; First Bank Minneapolis, MN; Minnesota Mutual, St. Paul, MN; Mobil Corp. Fairfax, VA; McKinsey and Co., NY, and others.His career materials are deposited in the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC. Fifteen of his major works and associated documentation comprise his legacy collection at the Washington County Museum of Fine Arts. Saur Verlage, Munich, Leipsig, April 1995
 Johnson, Ken, Review, The New York Times, Nov. 29 2002
 Woods, Jean, <mask>z Retrospective, Washington County Museum of Fine Arts
 Of Time and Place: American figurative Art from the Corcoran Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, 1981, "Bill Clutz", exhibition catalogue, Walter-Rathenau-Saal, Berlin, Germany, 1978
 Mangan, Doreen, "<mask>z Captures The Soul Of a City," American Artist, February 1978. 1933 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
People from

masks:
Clutz
Clutz
William Clut
William Clut


title: Vincent Ogé

texts:
<mask> (; c. 1755 – 6 February 1791) was a French aristocrat of mixed descent who instigated a rebellion against white colonial authority in French Saint-Domingue that lasted from October to December 1790 in the area outside Cap-Français, the colony's main city. <mask>'s revolt of 1790 foretold the massive slave uprising of August 1791 that eventually led to the Haitian Revolution. Biography
<mask> was a wealthy and educated free man of colour born in Dondon, Saint-Domingue, of one-quarter African descent and three-quarters French ancestry (a "quadroon"). He was the third son of <mask>, a white man, and Jacqueline Ossé, a free woman of color. With eight children, the <mask> family was large, and <mask> is often confused with his older brother Jacques, who was also involved in what was known as the Ogé revolt. The family owned a coffee plantation in Dondon parish and his mother later held a contract to supply meat to the town's butchers. Educated in Bordeaux,  <mask> returned to work with his uncle and namesake <mask>, a merchant in the major colonial city of Cap-Français (today's Cap-Haïtien).<mask> jeune (the younger), as he was called for most of his life, eventually took over his uncle's business. He leased valuable urban properties, traded coffee and imported French products to the colony. In 1789 he was in Paris on business when the French Revolution broke out. By August of that year he had approached a group of colonial planters living in Paris to propose changing racial laws in the colony that discriminated against light-skinned men regardless of their wealth and education. Independently Julien Raimond, from a similar background in Saint-Domingue, spoke to the group of planters about the same time. When the planters (called grands blancs)

masks:
Vincent Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Jacques Ogé
Ogé
Vincent
Ogé
Vincent Ogé
Vincent Ogé


title: Vincent Ogé

texts: rebuffed their ideas, <mask> and Raimond began to attend meetings in Paris of a group headed by Étienne Dejoly, a white lawyer. He was a member of the Society of the Friends of the Blacks (Société des Amis des Noirs), an anti-slavery society founded in 1788 in Paris by Jacques Pierre Brissot.Together with Dejoly, Raimond and <mask> quickly became the leaders of this group. They began to pressure the French National Assembly to give them representation and to force the colonists to allow voting rights for wealthy free men of color. Like others of their class, both men owned slaves in Saint-Domingue, and they claimed they did not intend to weaken slavery. Instead, they said, making free men of color equal to whites in political rights would strengthen their devotion to France and make the system of slavery more secure. In October 1790 <mask> returned to Saint-Domingue determined to obtain voting privileges for free men of color, whether by persuasion or force. He believed that an amendment passed by the General Assembly of France in March of that year asserted the equality of free men of property. It read "all the proprietors... ought to be active citizens."<mask> believed this gave him the right to vote in upcoming colonial elections. He put pressure on the colonial governor and other authorities to guarantee the voting rights of wealthy free men of color; the colonial governor Count de Blanchelande refused. While free men of color had become educated and some were wealthy property owners, colonial laws excluded them from voting and holding office, and limited them in other ways. After his return to Saint-Domingue, <mask> sent this letter from Grande Rivière, his camp in the Department of the North, to the President of the Assembly of that

masks:
Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Vincent Ogé


title: Vincent Ogé

texts:
 department:

With support <mask> obtained from the British abolitionist Thomas Clarkson in London, <mask> returned to Saint-Domingue via Charleston, South Carolina. Though planters accused him of purchasing firearms in the United States, there is no evidence of this. In October 1790, he arrived in Saint-Domingue. Meeting with Jean-Baptiste Chavannes, another free man of color, militiaman, and veteran of the American Revolution, <mask> soon gathered a force of about 250 to 300 free men of color.This group of men successfully defeated or frightened away several detachments of colonial militia sent out from Cap-Français. <mask> and his rebels were flushed out by a larger force of professional soldiers and forced across the border into the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo. On 20 November 1790, <mask> and 23 of his associates, including Jean-Baptiste Chavannes, were captured in Hinche, then part of the Spanish controlled part of Hispaniola. They surrendered after receiving guarantees of safety, but the Spanish authorities nevertheless returned <mask> and his men to the colonial government of de Blanchelande in Le Cap. <mask> was brutally executed by being broken on the wheel in the public square in Le Cap on 6 February 1791. Dozens more of his men were severely punished in February 1791. Their treatment served only to heat up the already boiling cauldron of dissatisfaction among free men of color and slaves in the colony.Ogé became an important symbol of the injustices of a colonial slave society that wanted to restrict the benefits of the French Revolution to whites only. See also
 Free people of color
 Affranchi
 Slavery in Haiti
 History of Haiti

References
 Beard, J. R. (John Relly) (1863). Toussaint L'Ouverture: A Biography and Autobiography, Boston:

masks:
Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Ogé
Vincent Ogé


title: Vincent Ogé

texts:
 James Redpath, Archived by Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina
Garrigus, John D. (2010). "'Thy Coming Fame, Ogé! Is Sure': New Evidence on Ogé's 1790 Revolt and the Beginnings of the Haitian Revolution", pages 19–45 in John Garrigus and Chris Morris, eds, Assumed Identities: The Meanings of Race in the Atlantic World (Texas A&M University Press, 2010)
 James, C. L. R. (1989). The Black Jacobins. Toussaint L'Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution, New York: Vintage Press, (2nd edn, Revised)
 Kennedy, Roger G. (1989).Orders from France: The Americans and the French in a Revolutionary World, 1780–1820, New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Rainsford, Marcus (1805). An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti: Comprehending a View of the Principal Transactions in the Revolution of Saint-Domingo; with its Ancient and Modern State, London (first published in 1802)
 Lacroix, Pamphile & Pluchon, Pierre (1995) La Révolution de Haïti: texte intégral de l'édition originale, Paris:Karthala Editions. (originally published as Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de la Révolution de Saint-Domingue, Paris: Pillet aîné, 1819)
 Langston, John Mercer. (1858) "The World's Anti-Slavery Movement: Its Heroes and its Triumphs", (Lecture, Xenia and Cleveland, Ohio, 2 and 3 August 1858), Oberlin College (retrieved 9 January 2009). Footnotes

External links
 The Louverture Project: "<mask>gé"
 "Motion Made by <mask> the Younger to the Assembly of Colonists, 1789", Center for History and New Media, George Mason University

1750s births
1791 deaths
Executed Haitian people
Executed revolutionaries
Haitian people of French descent
People executed during the French Revolution
People from Cap-Haïtien
People of Saint-Domingue
Haitian independence activists
People

masks:
Vincent O
Vincent Ogé


title: Richard Thomas Alexander

texts:
<mask> (1887-1971) was an American educator and education theorist. An early proponent of the progressive education movement of John Dewey, <mask> was the driving force behind the creation of the New College, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York City. He was its chairman from 1932 to 1938. <mask> was described by his contemporaries as a hard-working, pragmatic man and a common sense academic with a genius for organization and a love of education. Early life (1887-1913)
<mask> was born on July 3, 1887, in Smicksburg, Pennsylvania, to <mask> and <mask>, one of four children. He had two older brothers, <mask> and Wallace P<mask>, and a younger sister, Ethel M<mask>. A move to Kirksville, Missouri was precipitated by a tenuous family situation that led to the separation of young <mask>'s parents when he was very young.William John <mask>, who was at one time President of Beaver College (now Arcadia University) in Beaver, Pennsylvania, ended up in San Francisco, California, where he died in 1926. The relationship <mask> had with his father is not known, as there was little contact between them. By the age of 14, he was enrolled in the Kirksville Public School system graduating from Kirksville Public High School at the age of 16 in 1903. He attended the First District Normal School (later, Truman State University) in Kirksville, graduating with a Bachelor of Pedagogy (Pd.B.) in 1905 and later receiving a Master of Pedagogy (M.Pd) in 1907. While working on his master's degree, he taught in Kirksville, rising to the role of principal by 1906. <mask> applied to the University of Missouri only to find disappointment when he was told he would not be given credit for the work he had done at the normal school.<mask> started Columbia University studying German on September 25,

masks:
Richard Thomas Alexander
Alexander
Alexander
Richard Alexander
Mary Elizabeth Wilhelm Alexander
William John Alexander
John Wilhelm Alexander
. Alexander
. Alexander
Thomas
Alexander
Richard Alexander
Alexander
Alexander


title: Richard Thomas Alexander

texts: 1907, on a trial basis. Coming from a rural setting, <mask> did not let himself be bored in the big city. He obtained employment during the week downtown as an usher in the theater district, including the Metropolitan Opera House. It was very good pay, however most of the performances were at night which ordinarily might interfere with studies. <mask> sensibly saw an advantage to the situation. Reminiscing years later to his son, <mask> said there wasn't much work to do as an usher. He went down to the theater every night at a certain time, showed people to their seats, and after the first act started, he was basically finished.After seeing the show a few times he then took a book to study and read. Later in his life he would tell students that if you must get a job, try to get one where you would have the opportunity to learn something. <mask> knew that every experience could be a learning moment. In finding employment, even part-time, one should seek a position where the brain is challenged rather than numbed in robotic drudgery. <mask> always advocated pedagogy of “lifelong learning” and lived it as an example of a positive life choice. After receiving the undergraduate credit he sought, <mask> applied and received a year's leave of absence to spend the 1908–1909 school year teaching overseas and studying German at the University of Jena with Professor Wilhelm Rein. He had obtained employment teaching science at Robert College, a boys' school in Constantinople, Turkey, until the Adana Massacre prompted him to Germany.Returning to New York, <mask> completed all the academic requirements to graduate in 1909, but had to wait until, 1910, to receive his A.B. diploma because of a certain physical education requirement. <mask> needed to demonstrate his ability to swim the

masks: Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander


title: Richard Thomas Alexander

texts:
 length of a pool and receive a certificate of completion. It was not that he did not know how to swim; he just thought the requirement was silly and so he put it off until it was too late to register for the 1909 commencement. This event caused <mask> to think that there was something seriously wrong with an education curriculum that was so structured. The philosopher Dr. Mortimer J. Adler suffered a similar fate as he failed to pass the required swimming test for a bachelor's degree at Columbia College. Like <mask>, he considered it a nuisance.Adler never received his A.B. degree, but so impressed the faculty he was allowed into graduate school to complete his doctorate in psychiatry. Dr. Adler later received his A. B. degree in 1983. <mask> accepted a position teaching science at Heathcote School(also known as Heathcote Hall) in Harrison, Westchester County, New York, about twenty-five miles north from Manhattan. This was a private boarding school for young boys. During the summer break <mask> returned to Europe to continue his graduate studies.At Columbia University he skipped the desire to complete a master's program and registered as a doctoral student with Dr. Paul Monroe during which time he was also a graduate assistant to Dr. Edward L. Thorndike. Nashville and Peabody(1914-1924)
1n 1914, <mask> received an appointment to the George Peabody College for Teachers, in Nashville, TN. It let him solidify some of his thoughts about teacher education, the concept of community, and curriculum theory. It would show him that the logistics of starting a school within a school is very feasible. It would also introduce him to a couple of people who would forever change his life, Grace Elizabeth Andrews, his future wife, and William Fletcher Russell, son of Teachers College Dean

masks: Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander Alexander