title: Natasha Bedingfield

texts:
 in November 2006 she visited India for three weeks in support of the charity. She visited an orphanage in Kolkata and a refugee camp for former child prostitutes in Mumbai to learn more about the situation and the conditions in these areas. <mask> later expressed her shock at what she had witnessed. Video diaries filmed during her trip were posted on her official website in early 2007. She is also an advocate for Stop the Traffik, a global coalition which works to end human trafficking and a member of the (RED) campaign. In a 2008 rockumentary, Call+Response, headed by Justin Dillon, Bedingfield performed acoustic versions of "Unwritten" and "Soulmate" in support of the film's cause: a movement against modern slavery and human trafficking. Non-musical projects

In 2004, <mask> showed interest in acting and made her debut in the James Bond video game From Russia with Love in November 2005.She voiced the character Elizabeth Stark, the British Prime Minister's daughter who is kidnapped in the opening sequence. <mask> commented that she would like to do more acting, but only if the film "was good enough, and it was a role that [would] fit me." She has made an appearance in the seventh-season finale of the Canadian television series Degrassi: The Next Generation. <mask> also guest-starred on Nickelodeon's mockumentary series The Naked Brothers Band "Christmas Special" alongside Whoopi Goldberg and Leon Thomas III. She has made guest appearances on the NBC series Lipstick Jungle. She guest-starred on Nickelodeon's True Jackson, VP in November


title: Natasha Bedingfield

type: original

texts:
 2009. She sang the song "These Words".In 2012, <mask> made an appearance in three episodes of Web Therapys fourth season. In December 2012, VH1 announced that <mask> would perform at their 2012 VH1 Divas show, a concert benefiting the Save The Music Foundation charity. <mask> performed Deee-Lite's "Groove Is in the Heart" with Bootsy Collins and Iggy Azalea. On 22 September 2014, <mask> performed a song titled "Love Song to the Earth" at the United Nations 2014 Equator Prize Gala in New York City. The song is a special anthem she and Toby Gad co-wrote for the United Nations Climate Summit 2014. In 2021, <mask> competed in season six of The Masked Singer as the wild card contestant "Pepper". At one point, Ken Jeong hit the "Take It Off" button when he thought "Pepper" was Sara Bareilles and tried to remove the mask when he was proven wrong only to be intercepted by the men in black.When Beddingfield was eliminated alongside John Lydon as "Jester", she mentioned about her son getting treatment for his medical condition and also the fact that he got to see his mom portraying a contestant who was colored red which is the color he likes. Personal life
On 21 March 2009, <mask> married American businessman Matt Robinson in Malibu, California, US. In November 2017, their son Solomon Dylan was born. Discography

 Unwritten (2004)
 N.B. (2007)
 Strip Me (2010)
 Roll with Me (2019)

Tours
Headlining
Verizon VIP Tour
Less Is More Tour
Roll With Me Tour

Co-headlining
Energy Music Tour
Night of the Proms

Opening act
C'mon C'mon Tour

masks: Bedingfield Bedingfield Bedingfield Bedingfield Bedingfield Bedingfield


title: Natasha Bedingfield

texts:
FutureSex/LoveShow
New Kids on the Block Live
Play That Song Tour

Filmography
Television

Video games

Awards and nominations

Bedingfield's debut album Unwritten contained primarily uptempo pop songs and was influenced by R&B music. It enjoyed international success with over three million copies sold worldwide. In 2007, she received a Grammy Award nomination for "Best Female Pop Vocal Performance" for the song "Unwritten", the third single from the album of the same name.<mask>'s second album N.B. yielded the singles "Soulmate"; "Say It Again"; and "I Wanna Have Your Babies", written and produced by <mask>, Wayne Wilkins, Andrew Frampton and Steve Kipner. <mask> has received four nominations from the BRIT Awards but has won none. As of July 2008, she has won five awards from eleven nominations. Billboard Music Awards
The Billboard Music Awards honor artists for commercial performance in the U.S., based on record charts published by Billboard. The awards are based on sales data by Nielsen SoundScan and radio information by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems. The award ceremony was held from 1990 to 2007, until its reintroduction in 2011.|-
| 2006
| "Unwritten"
| Pop 100 Airplay Song of the Year
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2008
| rowspan=2|Herself
| Top Hot Dance Club Play Artist
|
|-
| Top Hot Dance Airplay Artist
|

Billboard Touring Awards
Established in 2004, the Billboard Touring Awards is an annual meeting sponsored by Billboard magazine which also honors the top international live entertainment industry artists and professionals. |-
| 2011
|

masks:
Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Bedingfield


title: Natasha Bedingfield

texts:
 <mask> Less Is More Tour Presented By Freschetta
| Concert Marketing & Promotion Award
|

BRIT Awards
The BRIT Awards are the British Phonographic Industry's annual pop music awards. Bedingfield has received four nominations. |-
|rowspan=4|  ||rowspan=3| <mask> || British Female Solo Artist ||
|-
| British Breakthrough Act ||
|-
| British Pop Act ||
|-
| "These Words" || British Single ||

BT Digital Music Awards
The BT Digital Music Awards honour music distributed digitally by methods such as mobile devices, online downloads and blogging. Bedingfield has won one award. |-
| 2005
| rowspan=3|<mask>
| Best Use of Mobile
|
|-
| rowspan=2|2007 || Artist of the Year ||
|-
| Best Pop Artist ||

Glamour Awards

!Ref. |-
| 2005
| <mask>
| UK Solo Artist
|
|

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.Bedingfield has received one nomination. |-
|  || "Unwritten" || Best Female Pop Vocal Performance ||

Ivor Novello Awards
The Ivor Novello Awards are awarded for songwriting and composing. The awards, named after the Cardiff born entertainer Ivor Novello, are presented annually in London by the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA). |-
| 2005
| "These Words"
| Best Song Musically And Lyrically
|

MTV Europe Music Awards
The MTV Europe Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1994 by MTV Europe. Bedingfield has received one nomination. |-
| 2004 || <mask> || Best UK and Ireland act ||

Meteor Music Awards
Launched in 2001, the Meteor

masks:
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield


title: Natasha Bedingfield

texts:
 Music Awards are awarded for achievements in the Irish and international record industry. |-
| 2005
| Herself
| Best International Female
|

Music Video Production Awards
The MVPA Awards are annually presented by a Los Angeles-based music trade organization to honor the year's best music videos.|-
| rowspan=3 | 2006
| rowspan=3 | "These Words"
| Best Pop Video
|
|-
| Best Colorist/Telecine
|
|-
| Best Special Effects
|

New Music Awards
The New Music Awards''' are given for excellence in music to both recording artists and radio stations by New Music Weekly magazine. |-
| 2006
| "Unwritten"
| AC Single of the Year
|
|-
| 2008
| <mask>
| AC Female Artst of the Year
|

People's Choice Awards
The People's Choice Awards is an American awards show recognising the people and the work of popular culture. The show has been held annually since 1975 and is voted on by the general public. |-
| 2009
| "Love Like This" (feat. Sean Kingston)
| Favourite Combined Forces
|

Pop Awards
Pop Magazine is an online music magazine created by Hotspot Entertainment and published by A-Z Publishings. The magazine was launched on April 24, 2014. In 2018, Pop Magazine launched the first annual Pop Awards with 25 nominees across 5 categories.|-
| 2020
| "Roller Skate"
| Song of the Year
|

Radio Disney Music Awards
The Radio Disney Music Awards (RDMA) is an annual awards show which is operated and governed by Radio Disney, an American radio network. Beginning in 2013, the ceremony began to be televised on Disney Channel. |-
| 2006
| "Unwritten"
| Best Song to


title: Natasha Bedingfield

texts:
 Listen to While Getting Ready for School
|

Smash Hits Poll Winners Party
The Smash Hits Poll Winners Party was an awards ceremony which ran from 1988 to 2005. Each award winner was voted by readers of the Smash Hits'' magazine. |-
|rowspan=2|2004
| Herself
| Hot New Talent
|
|-
| "These Words"
| Favorite Download
|

TMF Awards
The TMF Awards is an annual television awards show broadcast live on The Music Factory. Bedingfield has received one award. |-
| 2005 || <mask> || Best International New Artist ||

Teen Choice Awards
The Teen Choice Awards were established in 1999 to honor the year's biggest achievements in music, movies, sports and television, being voted by young people aged between 13 and 19.|-
| 2006
| <mask>ík Music Awards

!Ref. |-
| 2004
| <mask>
| Best International Surprise
|
|

See also
List of songs written by <mask>

References

External links

1981 births
Living people
English people of New Zealand descent
Alumni of the University of Greenwich
British contemporary R&B singers
English dance musicians
English women singer-songwriters
Hillsong musicians
English expatriates in the United States
English women pop singers
21st-century English women singers
21st-century English

masks:
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfieldř
Natasha Bedingfield
Natasha Bedingfield


title: Hans Aasnæs

texts:
<mask>,  (15 December 1902 – 4 July 1965) was a Norwegian army officer, Olympic sport shooter and World Champion. A lawyer by education, Aasnæs was a member of the Norwegian Army during the Second World War, fighting against Nazi Germany. After the war, he participated in numerous national and international shooting championships, including five Olympic Games, and won several World Championship medals. Personal life
<mask> was born in the municipality of Sande in Vestfold, the son of farmers <mask> and Anna Kristine Freberg. On 2 May 1928, he married Kristiania-born Eleanor Chambers Poulsson, with whom he had one child before she died in 1933. In 1936 he married Astrid With, with whom he had two children. Through her, <mask> was a brother-in-law of wartime resistance member and engineer Bror With.He was also a cousin of fellow Olympic sport shooter Håkon <mask>. <mask> died in Oslo in 1965. Career

Early civilian and military career
<mask> graduated from the upper section of the Norwegian Military Academy in 1923, joining the 1st Division with the rank of first lieutenant. He served with the 14th Infantry Regiment, before transferring to the 1st Infantry Regiment in 1924. Having taken a course as an aviation scout at Kjeller Airport in 1925, he was transferred to the reserves in 1930. In civilian life, Aasnæs achieved his examen artium academic certification in 1920, and graduated with a cand.jur. law degree in 1925, which qualified him for work in the superior courts in 1927.After further studies in England, France and Denmark from 1926 to 1927, he was employed as an office manager at the cooperative insurance agency "Felleskontoret for Brandforsikring".

masks:
Hans Aasnæs
Aasnæs
Hans Alfred Aasnæs
Hans Aasnæs
Aasnæs
Hans Aasnæs
Aasnæs


title: Hans Aasnæs

texts: unwinnable position, and ordered their capitulation on 1 May 1940.On 3 May 1940, the officers were sent by buses to Oslo, while the non-commissioned officers and men were sent by train to a prisoner-of-war camp at Hvalsmoen. The Norwegian prisoners of war from the Valdres front were released from captivity in groups during May and June 1940, the last officers being released in mid-June. In 1941 <mask> made his way to the United Kingdom and joined the exiled Norwegian forces there, initially assuming command of a company of the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland. In 1942 he was promoted to the rank of major. One of his former soldiers would later describe Aasnæs as "... a strict but good company commander." From February to August 1944 he served as chief of staff of the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland. During his time in exile, Aasnæs was involved in several conflicts with other exiled Norwegians.In addition to repeatedly criticising the Norwegian government in exile, he was one of a very few officers to criticise the exiled army's first commander, General Carl Gustav Fleischer, whom Aasnæs described as "... tired and worn by all the difficulties in the first time in England ...," and "... at the moment not fully able to build a Norwegian army in the United Kingdom ...." In the last months of the war, Aasnæs was angered by the Norwegian authorities decision to retain the Norwegian Brigade in Scotland, rather than deploy it to the front during the final battles against Germany. The Minister of Foreign Affairs during much of the period in exile, Trygve Lie, later described Aasnæs as "... a right-minded, somewhat conservative man ...." Lie also stated that Aasnæs was


title: Hans Aasnæs

texts:
 "honest", and "... a true patriot who saw it as his obligation to speak out." Post war
Having left the army that year, Aasnæs became the World Champion in the individual 100 metre running deer double shot event in 1947. He was also part of the Norwegian team that won a silver medal in the running deer double shot event, and bronze medal in the running deer single shot event. At the 1949 World Championships, he won a gold medal with the Norwegian team in the running deer combined event. In 1952, he won two team gold medals at the World Championships, in the running deer single shot and double shot events. At the 1954 World Championships he won a bronze medal in Olympic trap.He competed in five Olympic Games, with a 5th place in trap at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome as best result. Honours and awards
In addition to his numerous shooting awards and medals, <mask> was awarded the Norwegian Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal, and was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for his wartime service. References

External links

1902 births
1965 deaths
People from Sande, Vestfold
Norwegian Military Academy alumni
20th-century Norwegian lawyers
Norwegian expatriates in England
Norwegian expatriates in France
Norwegian expatriates in Denmark
Norwegian male sport shooters
ISSF rifle shooters
Olympic shooters of Norway
Shooters at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1956 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 1960 Summer Olympics
Norwegian Army personnel of World War II
Norwegian prisoners of war in World War II
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Officers of the Order of the


title: Robert Bacher

texts: <mask> (August 31, 1905November 18, 2004) was an American nuclear physicist and one of the leaders of the Manhattan Project. Born in Loudonville, Ohio, <mask> obtained his undergraduate degree and doctorate from the University of Michigan, writing his 1930 doctoral thesis under the supervision of Samuel Goudsmit on the Zeeman effect of the hyperfine structure of atomic levels. After graduate work at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he accepted a job at Columbia University. In 1935 he accepted an offer from Hans Bethe to work with him at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, It was there that <mask> collaborated with Bethe on his book Nuclear Physics. A: Stationary States of Nuclei (1936), the first of three books that would become known as the "Bethe Bible". In December 1940, <mask> joined the Radiation Laboratory at MIT, although he did not immediately cease his research at Cornell into the neutron cross section of cadmium. The Radiation Laboratory was organized into two sections, one for incoming radar signals, and one for outgoing radar signals.<mask> was appointed to handle the incoming signals section. Here he gained valuable experience in administration, coordinating not just the efforts of his scientists, but also those of General Electric and RCA. In 1942, <mask> was approached by <mask> to join the Manhattan Project at its new laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. It was at <mask>'s insistence that Los Alamos became a civilian rather than a military laboratory. At Los Alamos, <mask> headed the project's P (Physics) Division, and later its G (Gadget) Division. <mask> worked closely with Oppenheimer, and the two men

masks:
Robert Fox Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Robert Oppenheimer
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher


title: Robert Bacher

texts:
 discussed the project's progress on a daily basis. After the war, <mask> became director of the Laboratory of Nuclear Studies at Cornell.He also served on the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, the civilian agency that replaced the wartime Manhattan Project, and in 1947 he became one of its inaugural commissioners. He left in 1949 to become head Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy at Caltech. He was appointed a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) in 1958. In 1962, he became Caltech's vice president and provost. He stepped down from the post of provost in 1970, and became a professor emeritus in 1976. He died in 2004 at the age of 99. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Loudonville, Ohio, on August 31, 1905, the only child of Harry and Byrl <mask>.In 1908, the family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where Harry worked as a banker and Byrl as a voice teacher on the University of Michigan faculty. Bacher attended the W. S. Perry School, and later Ann Arbor High School. While there he met Professor Harrison M. Randall, the head of the physics department at the University of Michigan, who encouraged him to study physics. Bacher entered the University of Michigan, where he joined the Kappa Sigma fraternity and lived in the frat house. He became the house manager in his sophomore year, but moved back home in his junior year to concentrate on physics. At Randall's suggestion he applied to the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, which he entered in 1926 to study for his doctorate. His fees were paid by his family, but his father had a heart attack and could no longer afford them, so in 1927 Bacher moved back to Ann Arbor, where he lived at home, and attended the

masks:
Bacher
Bacher
Fox Bacher


title: Robert Bacher

texts: University of Michigan.He received a Charles A. Coffin Foundation Fellowship from General Electric. To build up the theoretical physics department at the University of Michigan, Randall recruited four distinguished young physicists to work at Ann Arbor in 1927: Otto Laporte, George Uhlenbeck, Samuel Goudsmit, and David M. Dennison. The University of Michigan was no longer a backwater in theoretical physics. Bacher immediately signed up for Goudsmit's course on atomic structure. With Goudsmit he investigated the Zeeman effect of hyperfine structure of atomic levels, which became the subject of his 1930 PhD thesis. On May 30, 1930, <mask> married Jean Dow. His mother gave them a Ford Model A and the use of the family's lakeside holiday house, where they entertained guests including Paul Ehrenfest and Enrico Fermi.In 1931, with a National Research Council Fellowship, he spent a year at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) because Ira Bowen taught there. At Caltech Bacher attended lectures by <mask>, but spent most of his time at the Mt. Wilson Observatory, which had a better library. Bacher decided to create a work listing the energy, coupling constant, parity and electron configurations of all the known atoms and ions, working with Goudsmit back in Ann Arbor. The result was a book, Atomic Energy States as Derived from the Analysis of Optical Spectra (1932), which they dedicated to Randall. In the second year of his National Research Council Fellowship, Bacher moved across the country to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to work with John C. Slater, who had taught Bacher at Harvard. While there, Slater asked him to conduct a seminar on John Chadwick's recent discovery of the

masks:
Bacher
Robert Oppenheimer


title: Robert Bacher

texts:
 neutron.Reading Chadwick's paper, he realized that anomalies in then-current theory would be resolved if the spin of the neutron was ½. This became the subject of a letter he submitted to the Physical Review with visiting scholar Edward Condon. A year later, Bacher became the first to suggest the neutron had a magnetic moment equal to about minus one nuclear magneton, based on the unusually small magnetic moment of nitrogen determined from its hyperfine structure. Afterwards Bacher returned to the University of Michigan on an Alfred H. Lloyd Fellowship. Jobs were hard to find at this time due to the Great Depression, and in 1934 he accepted a job at Columbia University, where he worked with Isidor Isaac Rabi, Jerrold Zacharias, Jerome Kellogg and Sid Millman. However it was difficult living in New York on his salary, and Jean gave birth to their first child, Martha, in December 1935. A second child, Andrew, was born in 1938.Bacher therefore accepted an offer from Hans Bethe to work with him at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Ithaca was a university town similar to Ann Arbor, where <mask> and Jean had been raised. At Cornell Bacher worked with Bethe on his book Nuclear Physics. A: Stationary States of Nuclei (1936), the first of three books that would become known as the "Bethe Bible". World War II

Radiation Laboratory

In December 1940 <mask> joined the Radiation Laboratory at MIT, but did not immediately cease his research. He reached an arrangement with its director, Lee Alvin DuBridge, to return to Cornell for four days every three weeks until it was completed. He was researching the neutron cross section of cadmium, a topic of interest to Enrico Fermi, who was attempting to build a

masks: Bacher Bacher


title: Robert Bacher

texts:
 nuclear reactor, but whose figures did not agree with Bacher's.Bacher carefully checked his results, and Fermi, convinced of their correctness, urged Bacher to publish them. <mask> submitted a paper to the Physical Review with instructions to withhold publication until after the war, and the paper was not published until 1946. DuBridge organized the Radiation Laboratory into two sections, one for incoming radar signals, and one for outgoing radar signals. <mask> was appointed to handle the incoming signals section. Here he gained valuable experience in administration, coordinating not just the efforts of his scientists, but also those of General Electric and RCA. He later recalled:

Manhattan Project
In 1942, <mask> and Rabi, the Radiation Laboratory's assistant director, were approached by Oppenheimer to join the Manhattan Project at its new laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. They convinced Oppenheimer that the plan for a military laboratory would not work, since a scientific effort would need to be a civilian affair.The plan was modified, and the new laboratory would be a civilian one, run by the University of California under contract from the War Department. Bacher felt that this was his first contribution to the success of the project. He met with Oppenheimer at Los Alamos in April 1943, but was not convinced that he was needed. Oppenheimer wrote to him that:

Bacher then accepted the job at Los Alamos, moving there in May 1943 with his family to become the head of the Experimental Physics Division (P Division). His wife Jean Dow <mask> was also hired to work as a human computer in the Theoretical Division (T Division). For his seven group leaders he had John H. Williams, <mask>. Wilson,

masks:
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Robert R


title: Robert Bacher

texts: John H. Manley, Darol K. Froman, Emilio G. Segrè, Bruno B. Rossi and Donald W. Kerst. <mask> worked closely with Oppenheimer, and the two men discussed the project's progress on a daily basis.In July 1944, Oppenheimer reorganized the laboratory to focus on the problem of building an implosion-type nuclear weapon, which was necessary because the gun-type design would not work with plutonium. P Division was broken up, and <mask> became the head of the G (for Gadget) Division. This much larger division contained eleven groups headed by leaders who included William Higinbotham, Seth Neddermeyer, Edwin McMillan, Luis Alvarez and Otto Frisch. While George Kistiakowsky's Explosives Division (X Division) developed the explosive lenses, G Division designed the rest of the weapon. There were numerous difficulties to overcome, not the least of which was devising a means of detonating the lenses with the required speed. <mask>. Christy's solid core design was chosen as the most likely design to succeed. To coordinate the efforts of the laboratory, Oppenheimer created the "Cowpuncher Committee", so-called because they were to "ride herd" on the implosion effort and coordinate all the efforts of the laboratory.It included <mask>, along with Samuel Allison, George Kistiakowsky, Deak Parsons, Charles Lauritsen and Hartley Rowe. Three days before the day the bomb was to be test detonated in the New Mexico desert, Bacher was part of the pit assembly team, which assembled the nuclear capsule (a cylindrical section of the uranium tamper, containing the plutonium core and initiator) in an old farmhouse near the Alamogordo testing site. When the capsule was driven to the shot tower and inserted into the spherical tamper,

masks:
Bacher
Bacher
Robert F
Bacher


title: Robert Bacher

texts:
 inside the explosive assembly, it stuck. Bacher recognized that expansion of the capsule due to the heat given off by the plutonium core was causing the jam, and that leaving the two parts in contact would equalize temperatures and allow the capsule to be inserted fully. After watching the test, his reaction was merely "Well, it works." Bacher was packaging the third core for shipment to Tinian on August 12 at the Ice House at Los Alamos when he received word that the Japanese had initiated surrender negotiations. He had already set G Division the task of designing and building new types of cores and assemblies, and he co-authored a report with <mask> urging the development of Edward Teller's Super bomb.He served on a committee chaired by Richard Tolman that looked into declassifying documents produced by the Manhattan Project, and one chaired by Manson Benedict that investigated the technical feasibility of international control of nuclear energy. For his services to the Manhattan Project <mask> was awarded the Medal for Merit on January 12, 1946. Post-World War II

Atomic Energy Commission
After the war, <mask> returned to Ithaca to head Cornell's Laboratory for Nuclear Studies. He agreed with Bethe that what Cornell needed to become a major player in high energy nuclear physics was a new synchrotron, but first he needed to find somewhere to put it. However, in 1946 <mask> was appointed to the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the new United Nations Atomic Energy Commission, along with fellow United States representatives Tolman and Oppenheimer. Bacher therefore had to divide his time between Ithaca and New York City. In October 1946 David Lilienthal asked <mask> to become one of the

masks:
Robert Wilson
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher


title: Robert Bacher

texts: inaugural commissioners of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, the civilian agency that was being formed to replace the wartime Manhattan Project.As a Republican, <mask> was easily confirmed by the Senate members of the United States Congress Joint Committee on Atomic Energy by an 8–0 vote. As he was the only one of the five commissioners who was a scientist—an important factor in his decision to accept the post—he played a leading role in the selection of the Atomic Energy Commission's influential General Advisory Committee to which nine scientists were appointed: James Conant, Lee DuBridge, Enrico Fermi, <mask>, Isidor Isaac Rabi, Hartley Rowe, Glenn Seaborg, Cyril Stanley Smith and Hood Worthington. Bacher and fellow commissioner Sumner Pike began with an inspection of Los Alamos and the Hanford Site, and conducted an inventory of the fissionable material at Los Alamos with Norris Bradbury, who had succeeded Oppenheimer as its director. He found that only nine atomic bombs had been built in 1946; only four would be in 1947, primarily due to production problems with the reactors at Hanford. These problems were on their way to resolution when Bacher observed the Operation Sandstone nuclear tests at Enewetak Atoll in 1948 as the Atomic Energy Commission's representative. Bacher's original two-year term would have expired on January 1, 1949, but President Harry Truman convinced him to stay on. Bacher resigned in May 1949, and this time the President was unable to dissuade him.Bacher wished to return to academia, but <mask> was now the head of Cornell's Laboratory for Nuclear Studies, and <mask> felt that it would be awkward working for someone who was one of his group leaders at Los Alamos.

masks:
Bacher
Robert Oppenheimer
Robert Wilson
Bacher


title: Robert Bacher

texts:
 He therefore accepted an offer from Lee DuBridge of the chair of the Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy at Caltech. However the work at the Atomic Energy Commission was not so easily left behind. Senator Bourke Hickenlooper charged the commission with mismanagement, specifically cost overruns at Hanford, awarding a scholarship to a communist, and the loss of  of uranium from the Argonne National Laboratory. Bacher felt obligated to return to Washington to testify on Lilienthal's behalf before the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy. Another crisis broke in September 1949 when the Air Force picked up signs of the Soviet Union's RDS-1 nuclear test. Bacher joined Oppenheimer, Parsons, General Hoyt Vandenberg, the Atomic Energy Commissioners and a British delegation under William Penney to discuss what to do.The recent devaluation of the British pound had already triggered a financial crisis, and there was concern about how the markets would react to the news. Oppenheimer and <mask> saw the evidence of a nuclear test as conclusive, and <mask> in particular came down strongly on the side of making a public announcement, as the number of people who already knew made a leak almost inevitable. Truman made the announcement a few days later. Caltech
The division chair that <mask> now occupied at Caltech had been vacant since <mask>. Millikan had retired in 1945. Although nominally a professorship, it was primarily an administrative post. In 1949 there were 17 professors in the department, of whom nine were physicists, two were astrophysicists, and the remaining six were mathematicians. There were two world class research laboratories funded by the Office of Naval Research, the Cosmic Ray Laboratory

masks:
Bacher
Bacher
Bacher
Robert A


title: Robert Bacher

texts: that had been founded by Millikan, which was now directed by Carl Anderson, and the W. K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory which was directed by Charles Lauritsen.But there were no facilities for high energy physics; these would have to be created from scratch. In moving into high energy physics Bacher had the full support not just of DuBridge, but of Anderson and Lauritsen as well. Lauritsen had already hired <mask>ir to begin designing a new 600 MeV synchrotron, and Bacher found a large building to house it that had originally been used for grinding and polishing the Palomar Observatory's  mirror, but which had been empty since 1948. He arranged for Atomic Energy Commission and Office of Naval Research grants worth $1 million to build it and the other required facilities, and $300,000 a year to run it. Facilities were not enough; Bacher needed physicists. Lauritsen had made a start on this too, by hiring <mask>. Bacher hired experimental physicists Alvin V. Tollestrup, <mask>. Walker  and Matthew Sands.The physicist that Bacher decided he wanted most, though, was Richard Feynman. To get him, Bacher offered a large salary, and agreed to pay for Feynman's 1950–1951 sabbatical in Brazil. Feynman would go on to win the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. In 1955 Bacher hired Murray Gell-Mann, who would win the Nobel Prize in 1969. The relatively new field of radio astronomy sparked <mask>'s interest, and he hired John Bolton and Gordon Stanley from the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation in 1955. A grant from the Office of Naval Research allowed Bolton to build the Owens Valley Radio Observatory, which became an important center for the study of quasars. Caltech did not

masks:
Robert Langmu
Robert Christy
Robert M
Bacher


title: Robert Bacher

texts:
 spell an end to Bacher's service in Washington.He served two terms as a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) under President Dwight D. Eisenhower, from November 18, 1953, to June 30, 1955, and from December 9, 1957, to December 31, 1959. During his first term he testified on behalf of his old friend at the Oppenheimer security hearing in 1954. During his second, he worked with James L. Fisk and Ernest Lawrence to examine how a Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty could be monitored. <mask> remained chair of the division of physics, mathematics and astronomy at Caltech until 1962, when he was appointed as vice president and provost. He stepped down from the post of provost in 1970 at the age of 65, and became a professor emeritus in 1976. He still did some research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and visited Caltech from time to time. In 1983 he was master of ceremonies at Los Alamos for events commemorating the 40th anniversary of the founding of the laboratory in 1943.<mask> died on November 18, 2004, at a retirement home in Montecito, California. He was survived by his daughter, <mask> Eaton, and son, Andrew Dow <mask>, a nuclear physicist working at Indiana University, his wife Jean having died on May 28, 1994. His papers are in the California Institute of Technology Archives. Notes

References

External links
1983 Audio Interview with <mask>er by Martin Sherwin Voices of the Manhattan Project
Annotated bibliography for <mask> from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
Oral History interview transcript with <mask> June 30, 1966, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library and Archives
Oral History interview transcript with <mask> February 13, 1986, American

masks:
Bacher
Bacher
Martha Bacher
Bacher
Robert Bach
Robert Bacher
Robert Bacher
Robert Bacher


title: Paul Steenhuisen

texts:
<mask> (born 1965 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian composer working with a broad range of acoustic and digital media. His concert music consists of orchestral, chamber, solo, and vocal music, and often includes live electronics and soundfiles. He creates electroacoustic, radio, and installation pieces. <mask>’s music is regularly performed and broadcast in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. He contributes all audio content and programming to the Hyposurface installation project, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Education
<mask> obtained his Doctor of Musical Arts degree in composition from the University of British Columbia, where he studied with Keith Hamel. Between academic degrees, he studied with Louis Andriessen and Gilius van Bergeijk at the Royal Conservatory of The Hague.While living in Amsterdam, he worked with Michael Finnissy in Hove, England. He was one of ten composers selected to take part in the Cursus de Composition et Informatiques at IRCAM (Paris, 1996/97), where he had lessons with Tristan Murail. He attended master classes and individual lessons with Mauricio Kagel, Helmut Lachenmann, Jean-Claude Risset, Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez, Brian Ferneyhough, Frederic Rzewski, Magnus Lindberg, and others. Career
During his student years, Steenhuisen was laureate of more than a dozen national and international awards for his music. These include four prizes in the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Young Composers Competition, seven in the PROCAN/SOCAN Competition, first prize in the Vancouver New Music Composers Competition, and the Governor General

masks:
Paul Steenhuisen
Steenhuisen
Steenhuisen


title: Paul Steenhuisen

texts: of Canada Gold Medal as the outstanding student in all faculties (UBC, 1990). Music by Steenhuisen was selected for competition at the Gaudeamus Music Week. After a winter residency at the Banff Centre for the Arts, Steenhuisen became Associate Composer in Residence with the Toronto Symphony Orchestra (1998–2000).At the behest of the TSO, he wrote the chamber work Ciphering in Tongues, and orchestral pieces Airstream and Pensacola (a melodrama for orchestra, computer, and spatialized brass). Pensacola has been performed by the Esprit Orchestra, Orchestre Symphonique de Montréal, and the Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra. During this time, Bramwell Tovey and the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra commissioned another orchestral piece, Your Soul is a Bottle Full of Thirsting Salt. Wonder, for orchestra, tape, and soprano, was commissioned by the CBC for the CBC Radio Orchestra, and was selected to represent Canada at the International Rostrum of Composers (UNESCO, Paris). It was ranked third in the world, and ascribed the honour of recommended’ work, with subsequent broadcasts in twenty-five countries. As a result, the Austrian Radio Philharmonic performed the work and commissioned Bread for Sylvain Cambreling and Klangforum Wien to perform at MuzikProtokoll in Graz, Austria. Bread was also performed at the 2001 ISCM World Music Days in Yokohama, Japan, by the Tokyo Ensemble COmeT, and at the BONK festival (Tampa, Florida), where Steenhuisen was a frequent guest.In 2003, Dr<mask> was appointed Assistant Professor of Composition at the University of Alberta, where he was the founder of the


title: Paul Steenhuisen

texts:
 Electroacoustic Research Studios (UA-EARS). He served as director of the new studios until his resignation in 2007. In early 2009, the University of Alberta Press published its first music text, Steenhuisen’s Sonic Mosaics:  Conversations with Composers, a collection of interviews with thirty-two composers. In 2011 <mask> was awarded the Victor Martyn Lynch Staunton Award as the outstanding mid-career artist in music by the Canada Council. Affiliations
<mask> is an associate composer of the Canadian Music Centre, served on the Council of the Canadian League of Composers (2000–2008), and was President of the International Society for Contemporary Music, Canadian Section (2003–2008). He serves on the editorial board of the World New Music Magazine. Writing
Since 1987, <mask> has made contributions to numerous magazines and journals, including Discorder (CiTR Radio, Vancouver), MusicWorks, Circuit, Wholenote Magazine, Anjelaki: Journal of the Theoretical Humanities, Contemporary Music Review, and others.Sonic Mosaics:  Conversations with Composers (UA Press, 2009) is a 314-page collection of interviews with composers. Works
 Orchestral
 Pensacola (2001/2002) Orchestra, spatialized brass, computer
 Your Soul is a Bottle Full of Thirsting Salt (2001) Large orchestra
 Airstream (1999) Orchestra
 Wonder (1996) Orchestra, tape, soprano
 Exegesis (1990) String orchestra

 Ensemble
 Intaglio sulla cervello  (2010) Piano Trio
 Copralite Culture and Analysis Results #1–20 (2008–09) Percussion and piano
 Material / Ultramaterial (2005) Eight instruments and soundfiles
 Sommes-nous pilotées par

masks:
Steenhuisen
Steenhuisen
Paul Steenhuisen


title: Emmett Ashford

texts:
<mask> (November 23, 1914 – March 1, 1980), nicknamed Ash, was the first African American umpire in Major League Baseball, working in the American League from 1966 to 1970. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. His father, Littleton, was a policeman, but abandoned the family, leaving <mask>'s mother Adele to raise <mask> and his brother Wilbur. <mask> earned money selling Liberty magazine, and as a cashier in a supermarket. <mask> attended Jefferson High School, and was co-editor of the school paper, played baseball and track, and was the senior class president. <mask> attended Los Angeles Junior College. He graduated from Chapman University in 1941.In about 1936, <mask> took a job as a post office clerk, a position he held for 15 years. In the late 1930s, <mask> briefly attempted to play semipro baseball, but turned to umpiring when he was asked to fill in for an umpire who did not show up to a game. <mask> served in the Navy during World War II, and was inspired to become the first black major league umpire while stationed in Corpus Christi, Texas, when an announcement came on the radio that Jackie Robinson had broken baseball's color barrier. Early career
In 1951, <mask> took a leave of absence from his Santa Ana, California post office job, where he moonlighted as a Santa Ana municipal league softball and National Night Ball League of Southern California umpire. His colorful style included a personal trademark: when a batter received a base-on-balls, instead of simply calling "Ball Four," <mask> would grandly intone, "Ball Fo-uh, you may proceed to first base." He left Santa Ana to umpire in the Southwestern International League, becoming the first black umpire in the traditionally white professional baseball system. When he was offered a full-season umpiring job, <mask> resigned from the postal service.After the Southwestern International League folded mid-season, <mask> joined the Arizona–Texas League. He moved on to the Western International League in 1953, and was promoted to the Pacific Coast League in 1954. He worked with Cece

masks:
Emmett Littleton Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Emmett
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford
Ashford


title: Emmett Ashford

texts:
 Carlucci as his crew chief for 922 games. <mask> spent 12 years in the PCL, and became known for his exuberance, showmanship and energy, even interacting with the crowd between innings. During the off-seasons, <mask> refereed Pac-8 basketball games and college football. He also umpired in the Caribbean winter leagues, and ran several umpiring clinics. In 1963, <mask> was named the PCL's umpire-in-chief, making him responsible for training crews and advising the league on disputed games or rules.Major league career
By the early 1960s, many West Coast sportswriters began to suggest that <mask> be promoted to the major leagues. In September 1965, <mask>'s contract was sold to the American League. <mask> made his debut at D.C. Stadium on April 11, 1966. He quickly became a sensation, becoming known for sprinting around the infield after foul balls or plays on the bases. <mask> also brought a new style to being an umpire. He wore jewelry, including flashy cuff links, and wore polished shoes and freshly-pressed suits. While some observers believed that his race prevented him from working in the majors earlier than he did, others maintained that his flashy style actually delayed his major league debut due to general disdain for umpires to draw attention to themselves.The Sporting News stated that "For the first time in the history of the grand old American game, baseball fans may buy a ticket to watch an umpire perform." <mask> was the left field umpire in the 1967 All-Star Game, and worked all five games of the 1970 World Series, but did not work home plate. <mask> was one of the only umpires fiery Baltimore Orioles manager Earl Weaver was ever nice to during a game. During a doubleheader against Washington on April 13, 1969, <mask> ruled that a ball hit by Ken McMullen had landed fair in left field, when in actuality Don Buford had caught it just before it hit the ground. Weaver went up to <mask> and politely asked him, "Can you change your call? Just ask the other umpires, because I understand you couldn't see it where you were running from." The other

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford


title: Emmett Ashford

texts:
 umpires all said Buford had made the catch, so <mask> reversed the call.<mask> reached the American League's retirement age of 55 in December 1969, but still umpired one additional season in 1970 before retiring. After umpiring
In 1971, <mask> was hired by Bowie Kuhn as a public relations adviser, a role in which <mask> spoke and held clinics on the west coast, and as far away as Korea. He also served as umpire-in-chief for the Alaskan summer league for three years. He appeared in television commercials, playing a cashier in an ad for A&P Grocery stores. <mask> also appeared as an umpire in the 1976 film The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings, and in episodes of Ironside, The Jacksons, and What's My Line?, in which <mask> appeared in his first major league season. <mask> was also a contestant on November 17, 1955, TV edition of You Bet Your Life. <mask> was inducted into the Baseball Reliquary's Shrine of the Eternals in 2008.<mask> died of a heart attack at age 65 in Marina del Rey, California. Upon his death, Bowie Kuhn issued a statement, saying, "As the first black umpire in the major leagues, his magnanimous nature was sternly tested, but he was unshaken and uncomplaining, remaining the colorful, lively personality he was all his life." At his funeral, <mask> was eulogized by Kuhn and former USC baseball coach Rod Dedeaux. <mask> was cremated, and his ashes were interred in Cooperstown, New York. Further reading

See also

List of Major League Baseball umpires

References

External links
Retrosheet
SABR biography
<mask>'s appearance on You Bet Your Life, 1955
<mask> Ashford Oral History Interview - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection

1914 births
1980 deaths
African-American sports officials
Chapman Panthers baseball players
Chapman University alumni
Los Angeles City College alumni
Major League Baseball umpires
Sportspeople from Los Angeles
The Great Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company
Baseball people from California
Jefferson High School (Los Angeles) alumni
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Baseball players from Los

masks: Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Ashford Emmett


title: Axel Wieandt

texts:
<mask> (born September 19, 1966) is a German manager. From 2008 to 2010, he served as Chief executive officer of Hypo Real Estate Bank. Family and academic background

<mask> was born in Bochum (Germany) as the son of <mask>, who later became a well known German banker. In 1986 he started his academic studies at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management (WHU), where he graduated with a degree in Business Administration (“Diplom Kaufmann”). Between 1988 and 1990 he was a scholar of the Studienstiftung des Deutschen Volkes. In 1992, he earned an MBA degree at the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University (Illinois), supported by a DAAD scholarship. In 1993 earned a doctorate degree in Business Administration (“Dr.rer. pol.”) at the WHU with Professor Horst Albach as his thesis advisor. Career

Wieandt started his career 1993 with McKinsey & Company in Düsseldorf and Boston. Between 1997 and 1998 he worked for Morgan Stanley in London in the Mergers & Acquisitions and Restructuring Department. Deutsche Bank

In 1998, he left Morgan Stanley to join Deutsche Bank. In 2000 Wieandt became the youngest divisional head in Deutsche Bank's Corporate Center. As Head of Corporate Development, Wieandt and his team were in charge of developing Deutsche Bank's Group strategy as well as executing strategic transactions.From 2003 on, he was also appointed Global Head of Corporate Investments, with responsibility for the bank's entire investment portfolio. Hypo Real Estate (HRE)

In October 2008, <mask> was appointed chief executive officer and chairman of the management board of Hypo Real Estate (HRE), at

masks:
Axel Wieandt
Axel Wieandt
Paul Wieandt
Axel Wieandt


title: Axel Wieandt

texts: the time when the company was experiencing severe financial difficulties as a result of the financial crisis. Under <mask>'s predecessor, Georg Funke, HRE had run into a liquidity crisis because of its subsidiary DEPFA Bank, following the failure of Lehman Brothers. The only way of saving HRE was through substantial guarantees of liquidity and capital injections from the German government. State support was justified on the basis of the bank's systemic relevance. Over the course of 2009, Germany's Federal Government ultimately became the sole owner of HRE. During his chairmanship pbb Deutsche Pfandbriefbank was launched as the “new strategic core bank” of HRE Group.HRE's strategic portfolio was bundled in pbb Deutsche Pfandbriefbank, which concentrated on new business while focussing its operations on Real Estate and Public Sector Finance. Through this “good bank”, new German “Pfandbriefe” were again placed in the market. In addition, the set-up of a “bad bank”, FMS Wertmanagement, was initiated. In addition to his position as Chairman of the Management Board, <mask> was appointed Chief Financial Officer in December 2008 and, as of February 2009, he was assigned responsibility for the Real Estate division of HRE. On March 25, 2010, he offered his resignation as chief executive officer to the supervisory board of HRE. The supervisory board accepted and released him from his duties. According to a HRE press release, the reasons cited for this were differences in opinion regarding the management of the company between the CEO and the Financial Market Stabilization Fund (SoFFin, the governmental entity that

masks: Wieandt Wieandt


title: Axel Wieandt

texts:
 and Financial Institutions clients in Germany and Austria, and from 2012 onwards he was also asked to cover Financial Institutions in Scandinavia and Russia. In June 2012, <mask> announced his departure from Credit Suisse.Valovis Bank

On October 26, 2012, <mask> was appointed chief executive officer and chairman of the management board of the Valovis Bank. The former Karstadt-Quelle-Bank is a specialist for credit cards, real estate financing and factoring in the German market. On the back of write-downs on Greek government bonds in December 2011 the bank had to be rescued by the Association of German Banks (Bundesverband deutscher Banken, BdB). According to the German daily newspaper FAZ Wieandt takes over a “difficult restructuring case”. In the Valovis press release he says that “we will critically examine the business model and take the necessary measures to stabilize the bank”. Miscellaneous

Since 2002 <mask> has been teaching at the WHU – Otto Beisheim School of Management; since 2005 as Honorary Professor. He has been a member of the Board of Trustees of the European Trust for the Cathedral of Speyer since 2009.Since 2009, Wieandt holds the position of EMEA Chairman of the Kellogg Alumni Council. Personal background

His father <mask> was Chief executive officer of Landesbank Rheinland-Pfalz, Bank für Gemeinwirtschaft (BfG) and SchmidtBank. His sister Dorothee Blessing is a partner at Goldman Sachs and is married to Martin Blessing, Chief executive officer of Commerzbank. His brother <mask> was a partner at McKinsey & Company. <mask> is married and has two children. He spends his holidays on the

masks:
Axel Wieandt
Axel Wieandt
Axel Wieandt
Paul Wieandt
Carl Wieandt
Axel Wieandt


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts: <mask> (born January 18, 1952) is an American multi-instrumentalist, singer, and songwriter who pioneered lo-fi/DIY music. Often called the "godfather of home recording", he is one of the most recognized artists of the cassette underground, and his influence is particularly felt in the bedroom and hypnagogic pop artists of the post-millennium. Since 1968, he has self-released approximately 400 albums, while about three dozen "official" albums (largely compilations) have been issued on various labels. Born the son of Nashville A-Team bassist <mask>, Steven grew up in the 1960s listening to the Beatles, the Beach Boys, the Mothers of Invention, and Jimi Hendrix. On his 16th birthday, he received a four-track reel-to-reel tape deck and began recording as a one-man band in his parents' basement in suburban Madison, Tennessee. The innovative manipulation of low fidelity recording processes in his early albums defined his general aesthetic. With help from his uncle, he made his official label debut with 1976's Phonography, which was well received in New York's punk and new wave circles.Although he is best known for "'60s-inspired power pop in the XTC vein," his body of work incorporates a variety of music genres, both popular and experimental, and his records are typically styled after freeform radio. He describes his prolific output as "a diary of sound". From 1978 until 2010, <mask> lived and recorded in his apartment studios in northern New Jersey. He was also a WFMU staff member for a number of years. In 1982, he launched the R. Stevie Moore Cassette Club, his home-based mailing service. Throughout the 1980s, the French label New Rose released a series of <mask> albums: Everything (1984), Glad Music (1986), Teenage Spectacular (1987), and Warning (1988). After the 2000s, he became better known for his associations with Ariel Pink, who frequently praised <mask> as his "mentor".1952–1978: Madison

masks:
Robert Steven Moore
Bob Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts:
 period

Early life and influences

<mask> <mask> was born in Nashville, Tennessee on January 18, 1952. His father, <mask> (1932 – 2021), was a session musician associated with the Nashville A-Team conglomerate who worked as a bassist for Elvis Presley, Jerry Lee Lewis, and Bob Dylan. Steven characterized his father as a "terrible" parent and said that "It was a very intense, dramatic, abusive childhood, with all this money coming in, because he’s doing these amazing historical sessions. It’s very, very sad. He was very disappointed in me because I was not a get-up-and-go type." At the age of seven, Steven made his commercial recording debut singing a duet with country recording artist <mask>, "But You Love Me, Daddy". The novelty song was withheld from commercial release until 1969, when it became a hit single in the UK on the RCA Victor label.<mask>'s mother Betty was from Paterson, New Jersey. As a teenager, <mask> became proficient on guitar, bass, piano, and drums. He was self-taught. In 1966, he and a few high-school friends formed a short-lived rock combo called the Marlborough. His recordings in this period were heavily influenced by the Mothers of Invention's albums Freak Out! (1966) and We're Only in It for the Money (1967). He found particular inspiration from albums that are "just all over the map … Zappa leaned into parody, and I’m all about that.I love humor." On his 16th birthday, he received a four-track reel-to-reel tape deck and began recording as a one-man band set up in his parents' basement in suburban Madison. The first album he completed and self-released was a mixture of Beatles-inspired songs and sound collages titled On Graycroft (1968). Much of his output, he later said, was "uncontrollable—compelled without compulsion. I didn't seek out to do this. It just came out of me. I had this music inside of me and I wanted to be a pop star.It was like a disease that I had to record

masks:
Robert Steven
Moore
Bob Moore
Jim Reeves
Moore
Moore


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts:
 and write." Over the years he would describe himself as "a huge record collector and music historian" with interests ranging from beatnik and avant-garde to noise and jazz: "I love attempts at all genres and styles – even if I fail. It doesn’t matter." <mask> began working as a studio musician and assistant at his father's music publishing company, Mimosa Music. His father expected him to "follow in his footsteps, to become a wealthy country session picker. My personal interests couldn't have been more opposite than that." He briefly attended Vanderbilt University, but dropped out in 1971 to pursue his passions for writing, recording and performing music.That same year, he moved out of his parent's house and rented an apartment at the Music Row area in Nashville. He formed a close friendship with next-door neighbor Victor Lovera, who he called "one of my best friends and ... very influential for my songwriting." Throughout the early 1970s, <mask> continued to play local shows with a group of high-school friends whose band name changed frequently. His music tastes—which mainly encompassed artists like the Beach Boys, the Move, Frank Zappa, and <mask>—were mostly out of step with the prevailing music culture in Nashville. In 1973, <mask>, Lovera, and friends <mask> and Billy Anderson recorded original material at the local Audio Media recording studio under the band name "Ethos", which was left unreleased at the time. Engineer Paul Whitehead remembered of those sessions: "<mask> [would] perform on ANY instrument with total control and an energy that I have never witnessed in a studio. I thought the world of Victor's unique vocal sound and thought the two of them would be wildly successful, but as I told them they would have to move to New York to even get noticed."Phonography

In 1975, <mask> was commissioned by his uncle Harry "H.P." Palmer (an executive of Atco Records) to record an album of Beatles

masks:
Moore
Moore
Todd Rundgren
Moore
Roger Ferguson
Moore
Moore


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts:
 instrumentals, Stevie Does the Beatles, but plans for an official release fell through. Palmer continued to encourage <mask> to put his music out, and in 1976, Phonography was <mask>'s first album to be released on an outside label (Palmer's HP Music). Technically a compilation, the LP was assembled by Palmer using material from <mask>'s previous two years of home recording, with its contents split between pop songs and spoken-word interludes. Its initial pressing was limited to 100 copies. Phonography was reviewed in New York's Trouser Press as "an outrageous collection of musical brain spewage" and "a true slash of genius". <mask> credits the review's author, <mask>, as "the one who helped turn people on to Phonography and those early independent records."The album soon attracted praise from within New York's punk and new wave circles. HP Music followed up with the EP Stance (recorded 1976–77) and the LP Delicate Tension (recorded 1976–78), both released 1978. Dominique Leone of Pitchfork wrote that Phonography and other albums from this time ultimately "defined his aesthetic: a mixture of Anglo-powered pop, Zappa-esque instrumentals, lo-fi experimental sound design, and other music that defies categorization." Phonography later became the best-known album of his career and was listed among "the fifty most significant indie records" in Rolling Stones Alt-Rock-A-Rama (1996). 1978–2010: New Jersey period

In February 1978, <mask> relocated to Montclair, New Jersey and got a job working at a Sam Goody record store in Livingston, where he remained for many years. According to him, although he lived 13 miles away from the Lincoln Tunnel in the proceeding decades, he rarely ever traveled into New York City. He said he arrived in New Jersey "right when punk was hitting, and I was an instant celebrity.I bleached my hair and I spiked it out, and I was <mask> from hillbilly land. It was so innocent then,

masks:
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Ira Robbins
Moore
Johnny Rotten


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts: total lo-fi." Over the decade, he made sporadic appearances on the public access television variety show The Uncle Floyd Show. He was also a staff member on the New Jersey-based independent radio station WFMU, where he hosted a weekly "Bedroom Radio" show for about "four or five years" and claimed to be "one of the first that did radio shows that would play Wagner, then The Sex Pistols, then hillbilly, then great funk." <mask> later reflected on this period: "I'm not a nightlife person. I should have really planted myself on the streets and plugged away, but I'm not a very good salesman so I never thought of going down and trying to convince people to sign me. It was a struggle.... Through the 80s, my uncle was hoping I’d get a band together, but I had no idea how to do it." In late 1979, he used an eight-track Manhattan studio to record Clack! (1980), named for the studio's owner Tom Clack. It was <mask>'s first album recorded in a professional studio. At this point, he was heavily influenced by Public Image Ltd: "[they] changed my life! That whole postpunk thing, minimalist dub, drums and bass.It almost sounds like fragments, not finished songs. I loved that music." The album also marked the beginning of <mask>'s "post-punk era", which lasted until 1983's Crises. In the early 1980s, the tracks "Bloody Knuckles" and "Chantilly Lace" from Clack! saw some college radio airplay. WFMU's Irwin Chusid also performed with <mask> as a drummer and compiled the What's The Point?!! (1984), the first record issued on the label Cuneiform.In 1982, he launched the R. Stevie Moore Cassette Club, a mail-order service that issued his recordings on cassette. He acknowledged the number of albums he made available: "People tell me I'm shooting myself in the foot, releasing so much — I've heard that for years. But I can't help it. It's who I am." Music critic <mask>, in an essay about the developing cassette culture,

masks:
Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore
Richie Unterberger


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts:
 wrote that he subsequently became "one of the most famous" artists associated with the movement. Between 1984 and 1988, the French label New Rose issued four of his albums on vinyl, starting with Everything You Always Wanted to Know About R. <mask> (But Were Afraid to Ask). The album, a double-disc retrospective, proved briefly popular in France, with a single "Chantilly Lace" from the album becoming a minor sleeper hit there, and prompting <mask> to undertake a promotional visit to the country.The remaining albums—Glad Music (1986), Teenage Spectacular (1987), and Warning: R. <mask> (1988)—were mostly recorded using professional studios. <mask> continued to produce music and play gigs throughout the 1990s and 2000s. By 1999, the cassette club had become the R. Stevie Moore CD-R Club (CDRSMCLUB), and in 2005, he reported that there was about 100 dedicated fans who bought his music on a monthly basis; "They love getting product directly from the artist. Around 70 percent are in the States and about 30 percent in [Europe] ... Sometimes they'll disappear, and then come back five years later." In 2002, he recorded an album with Half Japanese frontman Jad Fair, titled FairMoore, described as "a lovely, heartfelt effort that shows both in top form" by critic Dave Mandl, who wrote that it "brings together two fiercely original figures in the American music underground", the album consisting of Fair reciting his poetry over <mask>'s instrumental backing. The 2009 compilation Me Too, issued on Cherry Red Records, was annotated by Dave Gregory of XTC.2010s: Touring, Make It Be, and semi-retirement

<mask> relocated back to his native Nashville in December 2010. In 2011, he established a new band with guitarist J.R. Thomason and embarked on his first ever tours, including Europe. He said: "Things are just exploding left and right and I can’t keep up with it all. I need management. It’s a great problem to have,

masks:
Stevie Moore
Moore
Stevie Moore
Moore
Moore
Moore


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts:
 but I can’t take advantage of it. I’m just one person. It’s crazy."The world tour was made possible by a crowd-funded Kickstarter campaign and lasted for the next two years. In November 2012, <mask> traveled to Los Angeles and recorded material with Jason Falkner, formerly of Jellyfish. Their collaboration produced the 2015 album Make It Be. In 2017, the album was given an official release through Bar/None Records and was met with generally favorable reviews. That April, <mask> and Falker appeared together for a one-off performance at the South by Southwest music festival. <mask> reflected that he had to stop his worldwide touring due to "health issues that are worsening," adding that his career "started takin' off ... way too late in life" and that he had recently "given up making proper rock and pop, rock and roll music. I just kinda maintain my back catalog, I don’t record much anymore."In 2019, Bar/None released Afterlife, a compilation of <mask> tracks that were recorded at professional studios between 2006 and 2013. The album also features contributions from Ariel Pink, Jason Falkner, and Lane Steinberg. Most of the selections are remakes of decades-plus old songs. <mask> said that the "final album playlist was purposefully kept safe, clean and more hi-fi mainstreamy, without my usual quirky left turns and lo-fi inserts." On December 31, he issued a statement on his website purporting that he would offer "absolutely no further song writing, recording, performing, travelling, [or] interviews." Impact and recognition

AllMusic's Stewart Mason summarized <mask>'s body of work as a "one of a kind" mixture of "classic pop influences, arty experimentalism, idiosyncratic lyrics, wild stylistic left turns, and homemade rough edges." However, "entire generations of lo-fi enthusiasts and indie trailblazers, from Guided by Voices to the Apples in Stereo, owe much to [his] pioneering in the field."In the

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts: liner notes of Me Too, XTC member Dave Gregory stated that <mask> was "a seriously underrated maverick talent, the Neil Young of the real underground ...  his lyrics are intelligent and/or downright funny, he knows how to string a sequence of chords together and he has a gift for melody that many a more 'successful' songwriter would envy." He worked with <mask> on a remake of <mask>'s "Dates" in 1999. XTC founder Andy Partridge echoed of <mask>'s work: "What beauty, what invention." A wider recognition of <mask>'s music came in the late 2000s as a result of newer acts who cited him as an influence. In particular, there was Ariel Pink, who initiated a correspondence with <mask> earlier in the decade and recorded some collaborations. Pink's own work shared much of the same musical approaches, although <mask> denies that they sound similar. <mask>'s exposure grew alongside Pink's solo success as he was repeatedly championed by Pink in various press interviews.In 2005, Pink contributed a song to <mask>'s Conscientious Objector compilation. He told a journalist around this era that he was "trying to like, reverse time. I'm trying to get Todd Hyman to reissue him on Acute. Then it can get like, the David-Fricke-fuckin'-Rolling Stone treatment. It's about time. It's criminal that he's not well known. Especially in light of the fact that I'm getting attention.... Mojo has never even printed a word about him. Uncut, never a word." In 2006, Pink curated the <mask> retrospective Ariel Pink's Picks Vol. 1, and in 2012, the duo released the collaborative album Ku Klux Glam. When a 2006 New York Times article referenced <mask> as the progenitor of "bedroom pop", he responded that the notion was "hilarious to me. I guess because of my age, because of my bitter struggle to make a living and get some notoriety, I scoff at it. ... A lot of the music coming out of these bedrooms is not even interesting, not worthy of

masks: Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore Moore


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts:
 being heard.But some of it will be." <mask> also hesitated to be associated with the "outsider music" tag, explaining that while he "loves" artists like Wesley Willis and Daniel Johnston, "they have no concept as to how to write or arrange a Brian Wilson song." In 2012, The Wires Matthew Ingram argued that "[h]is echoes can be heard in the music of artists like Pavement, Smog, Guided By Voices and Beck, and through his disciple Ariel Pink, he has unwittingly provided the template for the entire movement currently known as Hypnagogic Pop." Tim Burrows of Dazed Digital similarly noted that "with a little help from James Ferraro and a few others, <mask> and Pink can be credited with influencing [the] whole [genre of] hypnagogic pop." Discography

Due to his prolific output, the majority of <mask>'s CD and vinyl releases have been career-spanning compilations. He noted having "sort of ... two discographies: my own that contains all of my self-released material and the official releases, which are what record labels decided to put out over the years." During a 1984 appearance on The Scott and Gary Show, he stated that he had 109 releases in total.In 2012, his Bandcamp page listed over 200 releases. In a 2021 interview with a Los Angeles radio program, Jason Falkner said <mask> has completed more than 300 records, though "not all in physical form." Although it is often reported that his complete discography exceeds 400 albums, <mask> said that the estimate was not an "actual proven number" and that "400 might seem stretching it a bit, [but] when it comes down to every bit of home taping I’ve ever done, including producing friends, alternate dub versions, session discs, audio verite ephemera, etcetera, it suddenly becomes an unlimited guess." In response to this Wikipedia article about <mask>, which formerly stated that the count was "at least 200", he requested fans on his website to tally a more


title: R. Stevie Moore

texts:
 accurate estimate. In February 2018, he received a count of 354 releases listed on his "tapelist" page (including video and live recordings), 391 on his "albums list" page, and 344 on Bandcamp. Official studio albums
 Delicate Tension (1978)
 Clack! (1980)
 Glad Music (1986)
 Teenage Spectacular (1987)
 Warning (1988)
 Objectivity (1997) (with Yukio Yung)
 FairMoore (2002) (with Jad Fair)
 The Yung & Moore Show (2006) (with Yukio Yung)
 Advanced (2011)
 Ku Klux Glam (2012) (with Ariel Pink)
 The Great American Songbook – Vol.1 (2014) (with Jad Fair)
 Make It Be (2015) (with Jason Falkner)
 The Embodiment of Progressive Ideals (2018) (with Alan Jenkins and the Kettering Vampires)
 Fake News Trending (2019) (with Gary Wilson)

Selected compilations
 Phonography (1976)
 Everything You Always Wanted To Know About R. <mask> But Were Afraid To Ask (1984)
 What's The Point?!! (1984)
 Verve (1985)
 R. <mask> (1952-19??) (1987)
 Has-Beens and Never-Weres (1990)
 Greatesttits (1990)
 Contact Risk (1993)
 Revolve (1995)
 The Future Is Worse Than The Past (1999)
 Hundreds of Hiding Places (2002)
 Nevertheless Optimistic (2003)
 Meet the R. <mask> (2008)
 Me Too (2009)
 Ariel Pink's Picks Vol. 1 (2011)
 Hearing Aid (2012)
 Lo Fi Hi Fives... A Kind Of Best Of (2012)
 Personal Appeal (2013)
 Afterlife (2019)

References

External links

 "R. <mask> online video clips"

 "Great Big Story: The One-Man Record Label" – 2018 mini-documentary
 "Cool Daddio: The Second Youth of R. <mask>" – 2019 forthcoming documentary film

Further reading

1952 births
Living people
American male singers
Songwriters from Tennessee
Outsider musicians
People from Bloomfield, New Jersey
People from Montclair, New Jersey
People from Nashville, Tennessee
Singers from Nashville, Tennessee
Vanderbilt University alumni
American radio DJs
American indie pop musicians
Songwriters from New Jersey
Lo-fi musicians
DIY culture
Cassette

masks:
Stevie Moore
Stevie Moore
Stevie Moore
Stevie Moore
Stevie Moore


title: Jack Amariglio

texts:
<mask><mask> (born April 6, 1951) is a North American heterodox economist. He is well known for his work on economic history, class analysis, and (with David F. Ruccio) on economic methodology and postmodernism in economics. Biography
<mask> was born and raised in the East New York section of Brooklyn, where he graduated from Thomas Jefferson High School (Brooklyn). He earned a B.A. in history from the City College of New York in 1973. He received his Ph.D. in 1984 from the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His dissertation was titled "Economic History and the Theory of Primitive Socio-Economic Development".In 1988, Amariglio joined efforts with a group of colleagues to launch Rethinking Marxism, an academic journal that aims to create a platform for rethinking and developing Marxian concepts and theories within economics as well as other fields of social inquiry. He served as the founding editor of the journal until 1997 and continues to serve as a member of both the editorial as well as the advisory boards of the journal. As a graduate student employee at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, he was instrumental in the institution of Economics Graduate Student Organization (EGSO), as a democratically run collective body of graduate students. EGSO, to this day, serves as a forum and representative body of graduate students and distributes the teaching assignments to graduate students in an egalitarian manner. Publications

Books
 <mask>,

masks:
Jack L
. Amariglio
Amariglio
Jack Amariglio


title: Jack Amariglio

texts:
 Joseph Childers, and Stephen Cullenberg (editors). Sublime Economy: On the Intersection of Art and Economics, (Routledge, New York, 2009). David F. Ruccio and <mask>lio.Postmodern Moments in Modern Economics, (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 2003). Stephen Cullenberg, <mask>lio, and David F. Ruccio (editors). Postmodernism, Economics, and Knowledge, (Routledge, New York, 2001). Selected articles
 “Subjectivity, Class, and Marx’s ‘Forms of the Commune’”. Rethinking Marxism, Vol. 22, no. 3 (25 August 2010).This is part of a special issue on “Communes and Commons” with contributions by Toni Negri, Michael Hardt, Etienne Balibar, and others. “Kitsch as Kitsch Can, or Can’t: An Introduction to a Symposium on Kitsch, Class, and Political Aesthetics.” Rethinking Marxism, Vol. 22, no. 1 (January 2010). “Karl Marx and Ethics” (with Y. M. Madra). In Handbook of Economics and Ethics, ed. by I. van Staveren and J. Peil, Edward Elgar, 2009.“Tracing the Economic: Modern Art’s Construction of Economic Value,” In Sublime Economy: On the Intersection of Art and Economics, eds. J<mask>, J. Childers, and S. Cullenberg. Routledge, 2009. “From Wall to Fence (and Pillar to Post): The Politicized Aesthetics of Divided Territories.” Rethinking Marxism, Vol. 16, no. 3 (July 2004). “Give the Ghost a Chance!A Comrade’s Shadowy Addendum,” In The Question of the Gift, ed. M. Osteen. Routledge, 2002. "Modern Economics: The Case of the Disappearing Body?" Cambridge

masks:
Jack Amarig
Jack Amarig
. Amariglio


title: Jack Amariglio

texts: Journal of Economics, Vol. 26, no. 1 (January 2002)."From Unity to Dispersion: The Body in Modern Economics" (with D. Ruccio). In Postmodernism, Economics, and Knowledge, eds. S. Cullenberg, J<mask>, and D. Ruccio, Routledge, 2001. “Writing in Thirds: Comments on Dow, Klamer, and McCloskey”. In Postmodernism, Economics, and Knowledge, eds. S. Cullenberg, J<mask>, and D. Ruccio, Routledge, 2001. "The Transgressive Knowledge of 'Ersatz Economics'" (with D. Ruccio).In What Do Economists Know? : New Economics of Knowledge/New Knowledges of Economics, ed. R. Garnett, Routledge, 1999. "Literary/Cultural 'Economies', Economic Discourse, and the Question of Marxism" (with D. Ruccio). In The New Economic Criticism, eds. M. Woodmansee and M. Osteen, Routledge, 1999. "Poststructuralism."In The Handbook of Economic Methodology, eds. J. Davis, D. Wade Hands, and U. Maki, Edward Elgar Publishing, 1998. "The (Dis)Orderly Process of Capitalist Competition" (with D. Ruccio). In Marxian Economics: A Reappraisal, Volume 1, ed. R. Bellofiore, Macmillan, 1998. "'The Good, the Bad, and the Different': Reflections on Economic and Aesthetic Value" (with J. Graham and D. Ruccio). In The Value of Culture, ed.A Klamer, Amsterdam University Press, 1996. "Nondeterminist Marxism: The Birth of a Postmodern Tradition in Economics (with A. Callari, S. Resnick, D. Ruccio, and R. Wolff). In Beyond Neoclassical Economics: Heterodox Approaches to Economic Theory, ed. F. Foldvary,

masks:
. Amariglio
. Amariglio


title: Jack Amariglio

texts:
 Publishing, 1990. "Analytical Marxism: A Critical Overview," (with A. Callari and S. Cullenberg), Review of Social Economy, Vol. 47, no. 4, Winter 1989. Also published in Social Scientist 19 (January–February 1991), and in Critical Assessments in Marxist Economics, ed.J. Wood, Routledge, 1996. "The Body, Economic Discourse and Power: An Economist's Introduction to Foucault." History of Political Economy, Vol. 20, no. 4, Winter 1988. "Class, Power, and Culture," (with S. Resnick and R. Wolff), in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, eds.L. Grossberg and C. Nelson, University of Illinois Press,  1987. "Marxism Against Economic Science: Althusser's Legacy," in Research in Political Economy, Vol 10, ed. Paul Zarembka, JAI Press, 1987. See also
 Paul Hirst
 Barry Hindess
 J. K. Gibson-Graham
 Deirdre McCloskey
 Stephen A. Resnick
 Richard D. Wolff

References

External links
 <mask><mask>'s Faculty page at the Merrimack College website
 Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture and Society
 Princeton University Press page for Postmodern Moments in Modern Economics with a pdf for the first chapter
 Art, Fleeing from Capitalism: A Slightly Sublime Interview/ Conversation with Deirdre McCloskey (and <mask>lio)

1951 births
Living people
21st-century American economists
Marxist theorists
Marxian economists
City College of New York alumni
University of Massachusetts Amherst alumni
Earlham College faculty
Franklin & Marshall College

masks:
Jack L
. Amariglio
Jack Amarig


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
<mask><mask> is a former government transportation and public works official, now an American business executive, currently serving as the chairman of Meridiam North America. She was the first female Administrator of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration from 1997 to 2002. In May 2018, she was tapped to become the first female Chairman of United Continental Holdings. Biography

Early life
<mask> (née Famiano) -- daughter of an Air Force colonel—was born in Brooklyn, New York on February 2, 1944,  but was raised primarily in western Massachusetts, near Amherst College. Education
<mask> (Famiano) earned her B.A. from Mount Saint Mary College (a Catholic women's college in Hooksett, New Hampshire which closed in 1978) and her master's degree (M.A.T.) in English instruction from Mount Holyoke College in 1969.At Harvard, she finished a fellowship program developed for public leaders. Early career

Teacher
Prior to her government career, <mask> had worked as a teacher specializing in English and history at South Hadley High School. She later taught at her master's degree alma mater, Mount Holyoke College. She also taught at Immaculata High School in Manchester, NH from 1968 to 1970. Public Works official
From teaching, she made what she later described in a 2000 interview as "the biggest quantum leap" of her career:  becoming an associate commissioner of the Massachusetts Department of Public Works, which she described as "quintessentially a male agency." Her first high-profile government role was as Massachusetts Department of Public Works commissioner from 1988–1991, appointed by Gov. Michael Dukakis to oversee the start of the controversial and severely troubled "Big Dig"—Boston's "Central Artery" underground-highway project, the nation's costliest highway program—a program which the New York Times later described as part of her political "baggage."Airport Director
Her next official role was as director of Boston's Logan International Airport in the early 1990s. <mask>'s principal assignments, as Logan Airport executive, were to assure freight and passenger road access to Logan during the "Big Dig" project, supervise the airport's

masks:
Jane F
. Garvey
Garvey
Garvey
Garvey
Garvey


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
 aviation operations and planning, coordinate policies including developing a "second major regional airport," aviation noise rules, and promptly proposed high-speed, inter-city rail links connecting Logan Airport to New York City and northern New England. U.S. Federal Highway Administration official
Starting June 16, 1993, she served four years at the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), first as Deputy Administrator—then, starting in February 1997, briefly as Acting Administrator. FAA Administrator

Appointment
In 1997, Garvey was appointed by President Bill Clinton as the 14th Administrator of the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, taking charge in August, 1997 of the 49,000-member agency—in the process becoming several "firsts" for an FAA Administrator: she was the first Administrator appointed to a 5-year term, the first female Administrator, and the first civilian appointed Administrator who was not a licensed pilot (two other non-licensed Administrators were a former U.S. Air Force general and a former Secretary of the Air Force). Her lack of aviation expertise—in aircraft operations, maintenance, and certification, air traffic control, and aviation safety—created some consternation in aviation industry circles. <mask> claimed "my own management style is one of meeting and talking to employees." Key issues: 9/11 attacks, flight delays, institutional change
<mask> was the FAA Administrator during the September 11, 2001 attacks (terrorists hijacking U.S. airliners for suicide attacks against New York City and Washington, D.C.).On the morning of the attacks—shortly after the hijacked planes were learned to have struck their targets—<mask> echoed approval of her subordinates' decision to order all 4,000 aircraft over the United States to land immediately at the nearest airport. The order was quickly underscored by her superior, U.S. Secretary of Transportation Norm Mineta, who was with Vice President Dick Cheney in a bunker under the White House. It was the first-ever emergency grounding of all civilian aircraft flying over the nation. In December, 2001, in an unusual move, <mask> announced that customary performance bonuses

masks: Garvey Garvey Garvey Garvey


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
 would not be given out to personnel in the FAA, because the September 11th attacks—resulting largely from the failure of aviation security (at that time chiefly the FAA's responsibility) -- had so severely "disrupted the U.S. air transportation industry and the personal lives of people throughout the U.S." that she thought it would not be "appropriate to grant incentive payouts." <mask> generally escaped criticism for the agency's failure to anticipate and prevent the attacks, and received some praise for helping to guide the aviation industry through the radically disruptive aftermath. Though she arrived at FAA during a period of increasing airline flight delays, and FAA organizational dysfunction, the federal government reaction to the 9/11 events caused federal aviation authorities—including <mask>—to shift their attention to aviation security, instead, throughout most of her time at the FAA. The initial decline in air travel, following the 9/11 events took pressure off the flight-delay issues, but they began to re-emerge as airline traffic gradually rebounded, and were a growing problem by the end of her term.Sexual harassment issues
Shortly after arriving at the FAA, during a period of intense national political attention to sexual harassment issues in the federal government, <mask> found the FAA (which she later characterized as "male-dominated") embroiled in a sexual harassment controversy. The allegations, chiefly at the FAA's air traffic control facilities in Orange County, California—which controlled the nation's busiest airspace region (Southern California) -- drew Congressional attention. <mask> responded by announcing "Our goal is zero tolerance"—proposing to respond to the issue with various training and accountability measures for staff—and by actively recruiting more women. Labor relations
In 1998, <mask> and her team negotiated a new FAA contract with air traffic controllers that significantly changed the relationship between labor and management in the FAA—reversing the bitterly hostile relationship that developed during the Reagan administration, when union controllers went on strike, and were summarily fired by

masks: Garvey Garvey Garvey Garvey Garvey


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
 President Reagan. The new contract—negotiated with the National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA) president Mike McNally—sought to gradually eliminate 30% of supervisors by attrition, replacing them (initially) with 1% more air traffic controllers (particularly in busy towers), while shifting some of the leftover supervisor pay to the controllers, as raises. Particular attention was given to rewarding controllers with more demanding duties, and those working at busy airports. Described by the Village Voice as the best contract NATCA ever had, it gave significant salary raises, and enabled fully certified controllers to earn $127,000 a year in the late 1990s—compared to the $31,000-a-year average controller salary under Reagan in 1981.According to the New York Times, the new contract was a first for the federal government by allowing it to offer federal workers some merit-based incentives. The FAA claimed the new contract would reduce controller errors (which had been on the rise), and would ultimately cut $140 million in costs in the first three years. However, <mask> was criticized by some for making overly generous contract concessions to the controllers' union. From the contract deal, <mask> and President Clinton become popular with the controllers—particularly after Clinton, in 2000, signed an executive order declaring air traffic service was "an inherently governmental function," implicitly protecting the controllers from privatization. Before Clinton's election and <mask>'s appointment, the union had sued the Republican administration of President George H. W. Bush over efforts to privatize many of the nation's air traffic control towers (an attempt to eliminiate government-union jobs) --  a suit which remained unresolved long after <mask>'s departure under President George W. Bush. However, the union reportedly softened under President Clinton and <mask>, and acquiesced to the privatization of 56 towers. <mask>'s popularity with the controllers' union would lead, years later, to her employment under President Obama to resolve subsequent labor disputes with controllers.Y2K Threat
As the turn-of-the-millennium approached,

masks: Garvey Garvey Garvey Garvey Garvey Garvey


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
 bringing with it the turn-of-the-century (from the 1900s to the 2000s), fear spread, globally, about the possible technical malfunctions that could result as computer hardware and software struggled to cope with changes in computer dates, because many had only been designed to use the last two digits of a year. Rollover of dates at the end of the year, from "1999" to "2000," in some computer software and systems, would simply go from the abbreviated date "99" to the abbreviated date "00"—essentially "rolling back the clock" and possibly confusing and disrupting automated operations. The hazard became known as the "Millennium bug," the "Year 2000 problem" or simply "Y2K". The FAA, in particular, appeared exceptionally vulnerable to this threat—in a way severely threatening public safety—because the nation's air traffic control system was largely computerized. As it turned out, the global threat was much less than feared, and the year transition proved relatively uneventful, worldwide. To demonstrate publicly that the skies were safe, <mask> rode in a jet, aloft at midnight (Universal Coordinated Time) as the millennium changed. <mask> was credited with successfully leading the agency through the necessary preparations to prevent major problems."Cookies" violations
In 2000–2001, the Clinton White House issued an order through its Office of Management and Budget (OMB) ordering federal agencies to stop using persistent web-browser "cookies"—controversial software data tags quietly planted on the computers of visitors to federal websites, like notes, to gather and store information about the visitors on their computers, where it could be read by a government website on subsequent visits. Though specific exceptions were allowed, nearly all such use was deemed unacceptable by the OMB, and forbidden. However, an audit in 2001 found that many federal departments and agencies had violated the edict—and worst among them was the Department of Transportation (DOT), where 23 websites were found using cookies in violation of the OMB public privacy policy. Of the 23 DOT websites in violation, 20 were FAA sites. The DOT's Inspector General advised the

masks: Garvey Garvey


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
 FAA, which quickly assured him that it had corrected the problem—but a subsequent audit, required by Congress, found that they had not. The DOT followed up with sweeping action, soon claiming full compliance. Presidential Transition
In January, 2001, when Democratic president Clinton was succeeded by the Republican president George W. Bush, the Washington Post noted that <mask> was in a peculiar political predicament—because of the new law (of which she was the first beneficiary) which had made the FAA Administrator position a five-year non-removable appointment, legally immune from the normal ouster of officials when the White House changed political parties (a Congressional change in the 1996 FAA reauthorization law).However, other FAA political appointees (her deputies) were subject to re-appointment or dismissal by the incoming president—creating the awkward possibility that a Democrat FAA Administrator might have to "administer" the FAA through a cadre of hostile Republican deputy administrators. The Post, however, noted that <mask> may have "dodged a bullet" during this transition, because of two factors:
 Her boss, Clinton's Transportation Secretary Norm Mineta—with whom Garvey had good relations—was retained as Bush's Transportation Secretary, at first, and was expected to have some say in the subsequent FAA appointments. <mask>, herself, managed to maintain good relations across party lines. Final assessments
In a hearing of the House Aviation Subcommittee, shortly before her term as Administrator expired, <mask> faced wide criticism of the FAA from aviation experts and members of Congress—with the subcommittee chairman, Rep. John Mica (R-Fla.), calling the FAA "dysfunctional." <mask> conceded that there should have been more progress during her tenure, but said the agency was "better focused and more customer-driven." And lawmakers reportedly praised her for efforts to reform the FAA's obsolete institutional culture, and for successfully preparing the FAA for the feared Y2K computer changeover, and for coping with the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. The Washington Post noted that she left the FAA "with her popularity intact,"


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
 adding that it was an achievement that had "escaped every other FAA administrator."The Bush administration indicated it would accept an extension of her tenure beyond the end of her appointed term, but she declined, leaving the first week of August, 2002

Industry executive
Following her departure from the FAA, <mask> became the executive vice president of the consulting and public relations firm Apco Worldwide., as Executive Vice President and chairman of Apco's transportation practice. In August, 2005, <mask> was named Vice President of corporate communications for Convergys, a provider of business, human resources, and customer-support services. In 2009, she became a member of the Board of Directors of United Airlines, an airline she had previously regulated as FAA Administrator. In early 2015, she became executive director for the infrastructure advisory group of JP Morgan Securities, which arranged private buyouts of various public highways and other assets. Political advisor and negotiator
Following the 2008 presidential election, Garvey was named as one of six experts advising the Obama transition team on transportation issues. She was among a small group of candidates mentioned for the post of United States Secretary of Transportation in the Obama administration, though the eventual choice was congressman Ray LaHood. Garvey's popularity with the air traffic controllers' union, from her time at the FAA, led President Obama to appoint her to negotiate labor disputes with controllers in 2009, settling a number of long-standing bitter union disputes with the FAA.The outcome so pleased NATCA union  president Patrick Forrey that he thanked the President and Transportation Secretary, and called the outcome a turning point in FAA/controller relations. In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, <mask> was one of a handful of transportation policy advisers to Democratic Party presidential nominee Hillary Clinton. Other recent activity
<mask> is the chairwoman of the Capital-to-Capital Coalition, which works to promote non-stop service between Beijing and Washington Dulles International Airport. She also serves on the board of United


title: Jane Garvey (aviation administrator)

texts:
 Continental Holdings. She is currently also chairman of Meridiam in North America, and has been a board member of MITRE since 2004. In 2014, <mask>, with former U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood, co-chaired a 22-member Transportation Reinvention Commission, an advisory commission convened to study problems of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority. In February 2015, Garvey was appointed by Massachusetts Governor Charlie Baker to a six-member task force reviewing problems with the Boston-area Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA), in the middle of wintertime service failures throughout the MBTA—America's fifth-largest mass transit system

In May 2018, <mask> was chosen to become the next Chairman of United Continental Holdings.She will be the first female to hold the position in the joint history of United Continental Holdings. Honors and awards
 2003: Honorary degree ("Doctor of Humane Letters") from Mount Holyoke College (her master's degree alma mater)
 2010: Sentinel of Safety Award, National Air Traffic Controllers Association (NATCA)
 2011: Glen A. Gilbert Memorial Award, Air Traffic Control Association (ATCA)
 2017: L. Welch Pogue Award for Lifetime Achievement in Aviation from the International Aviation Club of Washington DC (IAC) and Aviation Week & Space Technology magazine. Distinguished Service Award, National Air Transportation Association (NATA)
 Leadership Award, National Council of Public-Private Partnerships
 Woman of the Year Award, Women Transportation Seminar
 Woman of the Year Award, Women in Politics

Personal life
She lives in Amherst, with her husband, Robert J<mask>, who served as the sheriff of Hampshire County, Massachusetts for 32 years, being appointed by Governor Michael Dukakis in 1984 and retiring in February 2016. They have two adult children. References

External links

 "Revolving Door: <mask> Employment Summary" on OpenSecrets.org

1944 births
Administrators of the Federal Aviation Administration
Clinton administration personnel
Living people
Massachusetts Democrats
Mitre Corporation people
Mount Holyoke College alumni
People from Amherst, Massachusetts
George W. Bush

masks:
Garvey
Jane Garvey
. Garvey
Janearvey


title: Albert Russo

texts:
<mask> (born 26 February 1943) is a Belgian bilingual (English and French) author of novels, short stories, essays and poems, as well as a photographer. His main themes are fighting racism of all stripes, and defending individual and collective rights, including ethnic, religious and gender rights. Early life and education
Son of an Italian Sephardic father, born in Rhodes, and of a British mother who grew up in Rhodesia, he lived with his family in Congo, Ruanda-Urundi, Rhodesia and traveled to South Africa during 17 years. After graduating from high school in Bujumbura, at the Athénée Interracial, learning four languages, French, English, Dutch and German, with a knowledge of vernacular Swahili, he pursues his studies at New York University, getting a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration, in 1964, minoring in psychology and economics. This is when he started writing his poems in English. In 1965 he spent a year in Heidelberg and obtained a degree in German culture and literature at Collegium Palatinum. That same year he settled in Milan (Italy) where he continued to write while working with his father in the family import-export firm.Literary career
His first novel, La Pointe du Diable, written in French, and dealing with apartheid, is published in Brussels, (Belgium) in 1973 and the following year he wins both the Prix Colette in Cannes (France) and


title: Albert Russo

texts: the Prix de la Liberté in Paris. In 1975 he goes back to New York where he teaches languages to adults, meanwhile he pursues his writing mainly in English and publishes poems and short stories, contributing, both as writer and translator to various magazines, such as Confrontation, The Literary Review, The Poet, Atlas World Review, and Philadelphia Poets. He also translates film scripts for children's documentaries at UNICEF. In 1978 he went back to Europe and decided to live in Paris. Translated in a dozen languages, <mask> has written more than 25 works, including novels, books of short stories and of poetry. Africa is one of his major themes. Mixed Blood (published first by Domhan Books in New York, then by Imago Press in Arizona) garnered the Best Fiction Award in 1985 by Volcano Review in California.Both Mixed Blood and Eclipse over lake Tanganyika were nominated for the 2001 e-books award at the Frankfurt International Book Fair. Among his other novels are Le Cap des Illusions (formerly entitled La Pointe du Diable) republished by Editions du Griot in Paris, France, his humorous Zapinette series (in both English and French), his large volume of short stories, fables and essays The Crowded World of Solitude, vol 1, started in New York in the late 1970s, as well as the bilingual books of poetry Futureyes, and the large volume of poems (40 years of writing) The Crowded