title: François Pinault

texts:
<mask> (born 21 August 1936) is a French billionaire businessman, founder of the luxury group Kering and the investment company Artémis. <mask> started his business in the timber industry in the early 1960s. Taken public in 1988, the company invested in specialized retail business and changed its name to PPR. By the end of 1999, PPR shifted towards luxury and fashion. In 2003, he passed on the management of his companies to his elder son <mask> to follow his passion for contemporary art. <mask> is a major contemporary art collector. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on 21 August 1936 in Les Champs-Géraux, a commune in the north of Brittany in the west of France.His father was a timber trader. <mask> grew up in the rural French countryside, beginning his career working for his family's timber business. He dropped out of school at the age of 16 from the College Saint-Martin in Rennes where the upper-class children teased him because of his rural accent and his peasant family. In 1956, he enlisted in the military during the Algerian war. Afterwards, he returned to the family business, which he sold following his father's death. In 1962, he married Louise Gautier. They had three children: <mask>, Dominique, and <mask>.The couple divorced five years later, and in 1970, <mask> married Maryvonne Campbell, an antique trader in Rennes who introduced him to the world of art. His first art purchases date back to this period. Business empire

With the help of family and a bank loan from the Crédit Lyonnais, <mask> started his first business in 1963 as a wood-trading company. The business grew strongly. His group bought several companies facing bankruptcy, in particular Chapelle Darblay, and relaunched them.

masks:
François Pinault
Pinault
François Henri
Pinault
François Pinault
Pinault
François Henri
Laurence Pinault
Pinault
Pinault


title: François Pinault

type: original

texts:
 On 25 October 1988, Pinault SA was taken public in the Paris stock exchange. Pinault started to change the direction of its investments to retail companies.He bought a majority stake in CFAO (specialized distribution in Africa), Conforama (furnishing retailer), Printemps (department store), La Redoute (mail order), and Fnac (books and electronics retailer). His company was renamed Pinault-Printemps-Redoute (PPR) in 1993. By the end of century, <mask> started to shift his group towards the luxury industry. In March 1999, Pinault-Printemps-Redoute purchased a controlling 42% stake of the Gucci Group for $3 billion, and bought the Yves Saint Laurent company. <mask> then purchased the French jewelry company Boucheron in 2000, Balenciaga in 2001, and the British fashion house Alexander McQueen. In May 2003, <mask> handed over the management of his companies to his son <mask>. <mask> <mask> became Chairman of PPR, and continued consolidating the luxury business with new brand acquisitions (Brioni, Girard-Perregaux, Pomellato...).In 2013, PPR changed its name to Kering. In 2018, the group's sales reached 13.66 billion euros, up 26.3% over the previous year. Groupe Artémis

In 1992, Pinault set up the holding company Artémis to manage the Pinault family's investments. Controlled 100% by <mask> and his family, Artémis controls through its subsidiary Artémis Domaine the French vineyard Château Latour (Bordeaux), the Clos de Tart (Bourgogne), the Domaine d'Eugénie (Vosne-Romanée), Château Grillet (Rhône Valley), Eisele Vineyard (Napa Valley). Among other investments, Artémis bought the news magazine Le Point in 1997, the auction house Christie's in 1998, and the luxury cruise company Ponant in 2015. Pinault is

masks:
Pinault
Pinault
Pinault
François Henri
François Henri
Pinault
Pinault


title: François Pinault

texts:
 also the owner of the Rennes football club since 1998. Contemporary art collection
<mask> bought his first significant painting, Cour de ferme by Paul Sérusier, in 1980.He collected art of the 20th century (Mondrian, Picasso, Man Ray, ...) before following contemporary art and artists (David Hammons, Rudolf Stingel, Damien Hirst, Koons, Subodh Gupta, Paul McCarthy, Bruce Nauman, Donald Judd, Robert Ryman, ...). In 2019, the collection counts around 5,000 works. Museums
In the early 2000s, <mask> had planned to develop a major contemporary art museum on the Île Seguin (Boulogne-Billancourt, suburbs of Paris) to house his collection. He assigned the Japanese architect Tadao Ando to design the building. After endless administrative delays, he cancelled the project in 2005. The same year, he bought Palazzo Grassi SpA which operates the Palazzo Grassi in Venice. Tadao Ando renovated the historical building.The Palazzo Grassi housed the first exhibition of Pinault Collection in 2006. One year later, the Venice city council awarded the tender of the Punta della Dogana, which had been abandoned for 30 years, to Pinault Collection, adding 5,000 m2 to the Palazzo Grassi spaces in Venice. Tadao Ando restored the historical site, which reopened to the public in June 2009. In 2013, <mask> achieved the third chapter of his cultural project in Venice with the renovation and transformation of the Teatrino, an open-air theatre in ruins. Conceived by Tadao Ando, the new Teatrino holds a 225-seat auditorium. In 2016, Pinault and the city of Paris announced their plan to turn the Bourse de commerce in the center of Paris (first arrondissement) into a new, Pinault Collection-branded, contemporary art museum. The

masks: Pinault Pinault Pinault


title: François Pinault

texts:
 school. Other commitments
In 1990, following a fire in the Paimpont forest in Brittany, <mask> immediately financed the reforestation project. In 2000, he provided a significant financial assistance to help the islands in Brittany affected by the oil spill following the sinking of the Erika. In 2018, Pinault made a significant contribution to the restoration of Victor Hugo's house, the Hauteville House, in Guernsey.After the Notre Dame de Paris fire of 15 April 2019, the <mask> family pledged 100 million euros as a donation to the reconstruction works and repairs of the cathedral. Wealth
As of 31 January 2021, according to Forbes, <mask> had a net worth estimated at $43.4 billion. As of December 2021, according to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index, <mask>'s wealth is estimated at US$53.9 billion, making him the 26th richest person in the world. Awards
1958: Military Value Cross
2006: Breton of the Year by Armor Magazine
2006, 2007: Most influential personality in the art world by Art Review magazine
2011: Grand officier de la Légion d'honneur
2016: Grand Officer of the Ordine della Stella d'Italia
2017: Grand Croix de la Légion d'honneur

Further reading

Dal Co, Francesco (2009). Tadao Ando for <mask>: From Ile Seguin to Punta Della Dogana. Mondadori Electa. .
Anfam, David (2006). Where Are We Going?: Selections from the Francois Pinault Collection. Skira. .

References

External links
Ranking on ArtReview Power List
Revue Pinault collection

French businesspeople in fashion
Kering people
1936 births
Living people
French company founders
French billionaires
French military personnel of the Algerian War
People from Côtes-d'Armor
20th-century French businesspeople
21st-century French

masks:
Pinault
Pinault
Pinault
Pinault
François Pinault


title: Weeratunge Edward Perera

texts:
<mask> MBE (; 22 June 1898 – 23 September 1982) was a Malaysian Sinhalese educator, businessman and social entrepreneur. He brought some semblance of peace to Teluk Anson (now Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia) during its occupation by the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and the Malayan Emergency that followed. W. E<mask> oversaw the restoration of water, electrical supplies, medical services and governance to Telok Anson after its invasion by Japanese forces following the withdrawal of the British forces to Singapore. With the surrender of the Japanese and during the tumultuous Malayan emergency that followed, he was responsible in restarting and extending the Anglo Chinese School (ACS), Telok Anson (now Sekolah Kebangsaan Horley Methodist, Teluk Intan) with the help of the returning British administration and local philanthropists. He was the first non Methodist post war principal of  the Anglo Chinese School in Telok Anson and was also responsible in organising the first teachers housing cooperative in Malaya at Telok Anson (now the suburb of Kampong Guru (Teacher's Village), Teluk Intan). Early life and education

W. E<mask> was born in Telok Anson, Perak, to Weeratunge <mask>. His father a contract railway engineer from Kotahena, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) settled in Malaya (1880s) after accepting the permanent position as Head Guard of the railway between Teluk Anson and Tapah and later retiring as Chief Inspector, Permanent Ways, of the Malayan Railways.He and his siblings, elder sister Margaret, and younger brothers Samuel, Joseph and Daniel grew up in Seremban, Negri Sembilan where his father was subsequently transferred. W. E<mask> started his education at St. Francis Institution, Malacca and then moved to St. Xavier's Institution, Penang to complete his Junior Cambridge exams. After passing the local government school leaving exams at Standard VII, at the direction of his father, he continued his studies

masks:
Weeratunge Edward Perera
. Perera
. Perera
Charles Pererahina Perera
. Perera


title: Weeratunge Edward Perera

texts:
 whilst living in Prai, Penang with his parents. He passed his Senior Cambridge Certificate exams on a second try during the height of World War I. World War I (1914–1918)
The First World War came to Malaya at the battle of Penang on 28 October 1914. As he describes in his memoirs,

During this time W E <mask> was a member of the Cadet Corps and through his friend Pertha Singh, befriended all the petty officers of the local guarding regiment frequently meeting with them in "one famous bar in those days known as Kee Kee Hotel", Penang. Although being in the Commonwealth the sympathies of the locals were with the Germans during the early part of World War I.After leaving school and short apprenticeships in engineering and surveying, his father arranged for him to join the Government service to apprentice under the Chief Clerk of the Railway Traffic office and later the Lands Office in Teluk Anson. Here, W. E<mask> learnt to buy and sell land, plant rubber and became conversant in the Malay language. He also applied to join the Army in an Anglo-Indian regiment being formed in India with volunteers from Malaya much to the disapproval of his father. However, his departure was delayed and later cancelled when the Armistice was ratified with Germany. On being transferred to Batu Gajah, he lived in his own quarters, socialised with the local Eurasian community, studied and experimented in  psychology, parapsychology, took up athletics and even music, playing the clarinet in a local band. He passed his clerical examinations and then completed a teaching diploma alongside doing a course in bookkeeping. Career and marriage

W. E<mask> was employed by the Rev.W. E. Horley as a teacher at the Methodist High School in Telok Anson. By heeding the sound advice of his mentor Mr W. A. Rabel and friends, he saved enough money to invest in coconut and rubber plantations which he successfully ran whilst continuing his career as a

masks:
Perera
. Perera
. Perera


title: Weeratunge Edward Perera

texts:
 teacher. This gave him financial independence to pursue various social activities like helping organise the Boy Scouts of Lower Perak and the Methodist Youth Fellowship, Telok Intan. In 1922, he created "The Cosmopolitan Club" in Telok Ansen, a multi-racial, secular social club. This gave him the opportunity to interact and befriend influential people from various social and ethnic groups like the Japanese, Chinese, Eurasians, Indians, Europeans, Malays and the Royalty of Teluk Anson.In 1928 after a brief visit to see his mother and sister in Taiping, he met and eventually married Meepaygamay Kankananga Joci <mask> (7 March 1908 – 6 January 1994) on 11 January 1929. They had 10  children: Minona, Jothika, Abhay, Wimala, Susimal, Tissa, Kimsuke, Jinamal, Kusala and Jaya in the years 1930 to 1947. The war years

Japanese invasion of Malaya (1942-1945)
The war arrived to Telok Anson in form of air bombing raids by the Japanese Air Forces.Despite being instructed to leave Teluk Anson by the British district officer, W. E<mask> was one of a few people that boldly came out of hiding to help the unfortunate victims. He was a volunteer in the St Johns Ambulance at that time and months earlier had received training as a Superintendent of a medical unit which he put to good use. As described in one of his birthday messages:

Throughout the war, Mr W. E<mask> was not affected by the atrocities of the Japanese soldiers or the Communists but he was not immune to other factions which he thought were war opportunists. W. E<mask> slapped an Indian National Army health officer who rebuked him for contributing only 5 Japanese dollars for their movement. This landed W. E<mask> being branded a traitor, arrested and detained in the Kempeitai jail. However, after a few hours, he was released when his friends who worked for the Japanese protested his innocence to the Kempeitai. During the war, a number of people lived with the family of

masks:
Perera
. Perera
. Perera
. Perera
. Perera


title: Weeratunge Edward Perera

texts:
 W. E<mask> at his residence at various times for protection against persecution by the Japanese, Communists and for economic reasons.These included Mr Neoh Ban Soon and family, Mr James Ranatunge and family, Mrs Rosie Shoemarker and family, Mrs Loveridge and six former members of an Auxiliary Armed Force. To purchase food during these years, W. E<mask> sold some of his properties. W. E <mask> saved a number of people from being executed during this period. As witnessed by his eldest son Jothika,

Communist Insurgency (1946–1958)

Life in Telok Anson was still difficult after the surrender of the Japanese at the end of World War II when the Malayan Emergency was declared. In the message given to his family, W. E<mask> relates the following:

When the missionaries arrived and found out what W. E<mask>, a non-Methodist teacher had done for their school, they appointed him Principal of the School. As principal, he created a new high school with a laboratory for science teaching as an extension of ACS, Teluk Anson by getting his friend Mr V. Kn. Kannappa Chettiar to dispose of a five-acre block of rubber land which he owned adjoining the Raja Muda's Istana for a reasonably low price of $25,000.The school was constructed with donations from the Missionaries, various guilds and associations like the rubber and copra associations, sizeable contributions from Raja Musa the then Raja Muda of Perak, and the Malay Gurus Association for special class-rooms to be named after them. W.<mask> was the first in Malaya to initiate a housing society for teachers of his school at Teluk Anson from 1953 to 1955. He sought loans, land, got the houses built and created the housing estate named Kampung Guru (Teacher's Village) after refusing to have it named after him. This estate was opened by Governor Mc Gillivray of Teluk Anson. Not one to rest on his laurels, W. E<mask> refused to accept any offers of honours or awards from the Sultan of

masks:
. Perera
. Perera
Perera
. Perera
. Perera
E Perera
. Perera


title: Weeratunge Edward Perera

texts:
 Perak for his community service during the war. He also refused the recommendation for an MBE (Member of the Order of the British Empire) award made by the then governor Sir <mask>. However, when General Sir Gerald Templer offered it again with the statement "the people have requested that it be bestowed upon you", W. E<mask> could not turn down the honour.Retirement
Keeping to his desire to retire in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor so that his children could have better work and social opportunities, W. E <mask> accepted the position of Principal of the Kishan Dial School, Petaling Jaya from the late Swami Satayanda. He eventually settled in Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur in 1965. Here he delved into the study of Asian philosophy and was involved in the establishment of the Brickfields Buddhist Temple among other social endeavours like volunteering in the schools for the underprivileged. He taught Buddhist philosophy at the local university and regularly had discussions with visiting and resident Theravada Buddhist monks like the Revs. K. Sri Dhammananda, Ananda Mangala and Henepola Gunaratana whom he mentored. W. E<mask> died at the university hospital, Petaling Jaya from a massive heart attack before he was due to receive a pacemaker. Having been the first voluntary worker with the blind to have pledged his eyes earlier, his corneas were donated to the eye bank and successfully transplanted into two recipients.Following a funeral, his body was cremated and ashes dispersed in the Straits of Malacca off Klang. Notes

References

1898 births
1982 deaths
Malaysian people of Sri Lankan descent
20th-century Malaysian businesspeople
Scouting and Guiding in Malaysia
Malayan people of World War II
People from Perak
People of the Malayan Emergency
History of Perak
People of British Malaya
Malaysian Buddhists
Malaysian people of Indian descent
Tamil businesspeople
Businesspeople of Indian descent
Members of the Order of the

masks:
Edward Gent
. Perera
Perera
. Perera


title: Harriet Miers

texts:
<mask> (born August 10, 1945) is an American lawyer who served as White House Counsel to President George W. Bush from 2005 to 2007. A member of the Republican Party since 1988, she previously served as White House Staff Secretary from 2001 to 2003 and White House Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy from 2003 until 2005. In 2005, <mask> was nominated by Bush to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States to replace retiring Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, but—in the face of bipartisan opposition—asked Bush to withdraw her nomination. Following her withdrawal in 2007, <mask> returned to private practice, becoming a partner in the litigation and public policy group at Locke Lord. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Dallas and spent most of her life there until she moved to Washington, D.C. (2001) to work in the Bush Administration. She has described herself as a "Texan through and through." She is the fourth of the five children of real estate investor <mask>., and his wife, the former Erma (Sally) Grace Richardson.Miers graduated from Hillcrest High School in Dallas in 1963. Miers entered Southern Methodist University intending to become a teacher. The economic plight of her family was so dire that she almost dropped out in her freshman year, but she was able to find part-time work that put her through college. Then, her father had a debilitating stroke. When a lawyer helped organize her family's financial situation, Miers was inspired to enter law school. Miers graduated from Southern Methodist University with a bachelor's degree in mathematics (1967) and from its Law School with a Juris Doctor degree (1970). Career
In the summer of 1969, between her second and third years of law school, Miers worked as a clerk

masks:
Harriet Ellan Miers
Miers
Miers
Miers
Harris Wood Miers Sr


title: Harriet Miers

texts: for Belli, Ashe, Ellison, Choulos & Lieff, the San Francisco law firm founded by Melvin Belli.Miers was immersed in tort law. Her supervisor was Robert Lieff, then a partner in the Belli firm and later a founder of the nationally prominent plaintiffs' law firm Lieff Cabraser. In a 2005 interview with the San Francisco Chronicle, Lieff stated that Miers "saw what we did for people who needed to get a lawyer and were only able to get a lawyer by a contingent fee." After graduating from law school, from 1970 to 1972 Miers was a law clerk for the Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Joe E. Estes. She was admitted to the State Bar of Texas in 1970 and admitted to the DC bar in 1997. In the late 1990s, while Miers was on the advisory board for Southern Methodist University's law school, she helped create and fund a Women's Studies lecture series named after pioneering Texas lawyer Louise B. Raggio, who was a mentor to <mask>. Raggio, who died in 2011, knew Miers for nearly 40 years, since <mask> was a student at Southern Methodist University.<mask> was one class behind Raggio's son at SMU, and Raggio became a mentor for <mask>; years later she served as a close advisor to <mask> during the Texas Bar race. "I was interested in having a woman president," Raggio says. "She was an electable woman, a woman with a big firm behind her. Women's groups supported her because they wanted to show that a woman would be a competent president.". From 1972 until 2001 <mask> worked for the Dallas law firm of Locke, Liddell & Sapp (and predecessor firms before mergers). She was the first female lawyer hired by the firm and later became its president. When the merger that created Locke, Liddell & Sapp took place in 1999,

masks: Miers Miers Miers Miers Miers Miers


title: Harriet Miers

texts: she became the co-managing partner of a legal business with more than 400 lawyers.In 2000 the firm settled a lawsuit for $22 million that accused the firm of having "aided a client in defrauding investors". According to the Class Action Reporter, <mask> "said the firm denies liability in connection with its representation of Erxleben. 'Obviously, we evaluated that this was the right time to settle and to resolve this matter and that it was in the best interest of the firm to do so,' Miers said." As a commercial litigator, she represented clients including Microsoft and the Walt Disney Company. In 1985, <mask> became the first female president of the Dallas Bar Association. In 1992, <mask> became the first woman to head the State Bar of Texas. From 1989 to 1998, she headed the Board of Editors for the American Bar Association Journal.From 2000 to 2001, <mask> chaired the ABA's Commission on Multi-Jurisdictional Practice. In 1989, <mask> was elected to a two-year term as an at-large member of the Dallas City Council. She did not run for reelection in 1991 after a restructure of the city council converted Miers's at-large seat into a single-district seat. Miers met George W. Bush in January 1989 at an annual Austin dinner affair for legislators and other important people. Nathan Hecht, a mutual friend and Miers's date, made the introduction. Miers subsequently worked as general counsel for Bush's transition team in 1994, when he was first elected Governor of Texas. She subsequently became Bush's personal lawyer and worked as a lawyer in his 2000 presidential campaign.While head of the State Bar of Texas, <mask> joined an unsuccessful effort to have the American Bar Association maintain its then-official position of neutrality on


title: Harriet Miers

texts:
 abortion. The ABA had adopted abortion neutrality at its 1990 annual meeting in Chicago after strong opposition by the State Bar of Texas to a pro-choice position. By the summer of 1992, at its annual meeting in San Francisco, the issue was again pending before the ABA assembly. <mask>, who had not been involved in the Chicago meeting, supported ABA abortion neutrality in San Francisco. At the San Francisco meeting, the ABA Assembly and House of Delegates voted to take a pro-choice rights position, and the state bar of Texas dropped its plans to ask the ABA's policy-making body to hold a referendum of the group's 370,000 members on the issue. Since September 1994, <mask> has contributed to the campaigns of various Republicans (at about the same time she began to work for George W. Bush), including Kay Bailey Hutchison, Phil Gramm, and Pete Sessions, with recorded contributions to Republican candidates and causes totaling nearly $12,000. Her earlier political history shows support for the Democrats during the 1980s, with recorded contributions to Democratic candidates and causes, including the Democratic National Committee, the Senate campaign of Lloyd Bentsen and the 1988 presidential campaign of Al Gore, totaling $3,000.Her last recorded contribution to a Democratic cause or campaign was in 1988. Ed Gillespie said that she was a "conservative Democrat" at the time. In April 2007, Locke Lord Bissell & Liddell announced that <mask> was returning to the firm. In her new role at the firm, <mask> has registered with the United States Department of Justice as an agent for the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Embassy of Pakistan. Government service

In 1995, George W. Bush, then Texas governor, appointed <mask> to chair the Texas Lottery

masks: Miers Miers Miers Miers Miers


title: Harriet Miers

texts: Commission. Some have credited Miers with reforming the commission after a previous corruption scandal. Her tenure has also been criticized.In 1997, the commission under <mask> hired Lawrence Littwin as executive director but fired him five months later. At the time, the contract to operate the lottery was held by the politically connected GTech Corporation, which had obtained the contract with the help of a former Lieutenant Governor of Texas (Democrat Ben Barnes). Littwin, as director, began an investigation into whether GTech had made illegal campaign contributions and whether GTech owed the commission millions of dollars for breaches of its contract. He stated that <mask> ordered him to stop the investigation. He brought a lawsuit alleging that he was fired in retaliation for the investigation and to ensure that GTech would keep its contract. According to Texans for Public Justice, GTech paid Littwin $300,000 to settle the suit. <mask> resigned from the lottery commission in early 2000, a year before her term ended.She said her resignation had nothing to do with lagging sales in the system's biggest game, Lotto Texas, but rather that she wanted to allow her successor time to prepare for rebidding the lottery's primary operator contract. There was some speculation during Bush's 2000 campaign that Bush would appoint <mask> to the position of Attorney General. This was seen as possible with her trusted role as Bush's personal attorney and her many appointments during his tenure as governor. This also recalled William French Smith, who was Ronald Reagan's personal attorney before being named Attorney General. <mask> was not chosen and John Ashcroft became Attorney General instead. In January 2001, <mask> did follow Bush to Washington,


title: Harriet Miers

texts:
 D.C., serving as Assistant to the President and Staff Secretary during the first two years of his presidency. In that role, she opposed the administration's 2001 decision to stop cooperating with the ABA rating of judicial nominees.In 2003, she was appointed Deputy Chief of Staff for Policy. In November 2004, Bush named her to succeed Alberto Gonzales, his nominee for Attorney General, to the post of White House Counsel, the chief legal adviser for the Office of the President. Miers is said to be one of Bush's closest personal friends and appears given to effusive praise for the President. According to former Bush speechwriter David Frum, Miers has called Bush the most brilliant man she had ever met and says he was the "best Governor ever." She also stated that "serving President Bush and Mrs. Bush is an impossible-to-describe privilege" and noted that Bush's personal qualities "make a brighter future for our nation and people all around the world possible." Miers's last public speech before her nomination was given to the North Dallas Chamber of Commerce on June 2, 2005. Supreme Court nomination and withdrawal

On July 1, 2005, Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor announced her intention to retire upon the confirmation of a successor.Bush appointed <mask> as head of the search committee for candidates. On July 19, Bush nominated John Roberts to replace O'Connor. However, several weeks later, Chief Justice William Rehnquist died of thyroid cancer. Bush then withdrew Roberts from consideration as O'Connor's replacement, instead nominating Roberts to fill the Chief Justice vacancy. The Senate confirmed Roberts on September 29. Meanwhile, Bush considered nominating <mask> as O'Connor's successor, factoring into account bipartisan

masks: Miers Miers


title: Harriet Miers

texts: suggestions by Senators Arlen Specter and Patrick Leahy, that the nominee should come from outside the appellate court system. This caused several commentators to draw parallels with the 2000 election, when Dick Cheney, the head of Bush's vice-presidential search committee, was ultimately selected as the running mate.On October 3, 2005, Bush nominated <mask> to serve as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, saying, "<mask>ers will be the type of judge I said I would nominate: a good conservative judge." <mask>'s nomination was criticized by people of various political views for the fact that she had never served as a judge at any level, her perceived lack of intellectual rigor, her close personal ties to Bush, and her lack of a clear record on issues likely to be encountered as a Supreme Court Justice. Many notable conservatives vigorously criticized her nomination, and numerous conservative groups normally considered part of Bush's political base planned to mount an organized opposition campaign. Miers met with the Senate Judiciary Committee after her nomination and in those meetings she was ill-prepared and uninformed on the law. Senator Tom Coburn told her privately that she "flunked" and "[was] going to have to say something next time." Miers had difficulty expressing her views and explaining basic constitutional law concepts. Miers had no experience in constitutional law and did not have extensive litigation experience; at her Texas law firm, she had been more of a manager.In addition, Miers had rarely handled appeals and did not understand the complicated constitutional questions senators asked of her.< To White House lawyers, Miers was "less an attorney than a law firm manager and bar association president." In an

masks:
Miers
Harriet Mi
Miers


title: Harriet Miers

texts: unprecedented move, Senate Judiciary Committee Chairman Arlen Specter and ranking Democrat Patrick Leahy also requested that Miers re-do some of her answers to the questionnaire submitted to her by the Committee, noting that her responses were "inadequate", "insufficient", and "insulting" because she failed or refused to adequately answer various questions with acceptable accuracy or with sufficient detail. Miers also was claimed to have privately expressed a belief in the right to privacy to the pro-choice Arlen Specter, only to later deny that she had communicated that position. Her answers also included an error on constitutional law where she mentioned an explicit constitutional right for proportional representation; though many court rulings have found that legislative and other districts of unequal population violate the equal protection clause, the right to proportional districts is not explicitly mentioned in the United States Constitution. Overall, Miers received an unfavorable response in private meetings with senators. Republican Senators Lindsey Graham and Sam Brownback then drafted a letter asking the President's office to turn over legal memoranda and briefs <mask> had written for Bush, in order to elucidate her views on political matters. Brownback and Graham knew the memos were protected by executive privilege, that the White House was not required to turn them over, and that Miers could refuse to deliver the memos and then ostensibly step down on principle.Miers would later use this request as part of a face-saving exit strategy for stepping down. In her letter withdrawing her nomination, she pointed to the senators' request for confidential documents as potentially damaging the executive branch's independence. On


title: Harriet Miers

texts:
 October 19, 2005, Specter and Leahy announced their intent to begin confirmation hearings for Miers on November 7, 2005. Speaking with NBC News' Meet the Press on October 23, 2005, Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY) said: "...if you were to hold the vote today, she would not get a majority, either in the Judiciary Committee or on the floor." However, speaking on CBS News' Face the Nation the same day, committee chair Specter said that most senators were waiting for the hearings before making up their mind. On October 27, 2005, <mask> asked President Bush to withdraw her nomination, citing fears that the nomination would create a "burden for the White House and its staff". President Bush stated that the Senate's interest in internal White House documents "would undermine a president's ability to receive candid counsel" and that he had "reluctantly accepted" her request.<mask> was the first Supreme Court nominee to withdraw since Douglas H. Ginsburg in 1987 and the seventh to do so in U.S. history. Bush then nominated Samuel Alito for the seat on October 31, 2005. The Senate subsequently confirmed Alito on January 31, 2006. <mask> remained as White House Counsel for another year until announcing her resignation on January 4, 2007. Resignation and departure from the White House
Joshua B. Bolten, upon becoming President Bush's chief of staff in April 2006, pressed for <mask>'s resignation, but Bush rejected the idea. After the 2006 elections, when Democrats won a majority of both chambers of Congress, Bolten asked again for her departure, arguing that the president needed an aggressive lawyer and increased staff for the Office of Legal Counsel to fend off congressional inquiries and subpoenas. The second effort succeeded; <mask> announced her


title: Harriet Miers

texts:
 resignation January 4, 2007 and left January 31, 2007.In April 2007, <mask> rejoined her previous firm, Locke Liddell & Sapp, and became a partner in its litigation and public policy group. She maintains offices in Austin, Dallas, and Washington, D.C. The firm is now known as Locke Lord. Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy

Kyle Sampson, chief of staff to Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales, wrote to <mask> in January 2006 to recommend that the Department of Justice and the Office of the Counsel to the President work together to seek the replacement of a limited number of U.S. Attorneys, saying that limiting the number of attorneys "targeted for removal and replacement" would "mitigat[e] the shock to the system that would result from an across-the-board firing." In March 2007 the White House had suggested that the plan came from <mask>, who had left the White House in January 2007, before the dismissal received public attention. The firings have led to Congressional investigations regarding the dismissals.On June 13, 2007, the Senate and House Judiciary Committees issued subpoenas to Miers and to Sara M. Taylor, former deputy assistant to President Bush and the White House director of political affairs, asking them to produce documents and appear before the committees to testify about what role, if any, both may have had in the U.S. Attorney firings controversy. <mask> was requested to appear before the Senate Judiciary Committee on July 11, 2007. The White House reiterated its longstanding demand that no past or present White House officials would be permitted to testify under oath before the panels, and that private interviews, not under oath, and without transcripts would be permitted. The Chairs of the House and Senate

masks: Miers Miers Miers Miers


title: Harriet Miers

texts:
 Judiciary Committees reiterated that the White House terms were unacceptable. Ranking member of the Senate Judiciary Committee Arlen Specter (R-PA) said that the committee had "really had no response from the White House" regarding possible testimony on the firing of several U.S. attorneys, and that had prompted the subpoena to compel a response. Miers refused to appear before Congress because Bush ordered her not to. On Wednesday, July 25, 2007, the House Judiciary Committee voted 22–17 to cite <mask> for contempt of Congress for her failure to appear before the committee in response to its subpoena.On February 14, 2008, the full House of Representatives voted to cite her for contempt by a vote of 223–32. Many Republicans walked out of the chamber in protest, deriding the priorities of the speaker in calling the vote, as opposed to a vote on a surveillance bill. On March 4, 2009, <mask> and former Deputy Chief of Staff to President Bush Karl Rove agreed to testify under oath before Congress about the firings of U.S. attorneys. Personal life
<mask> is a close friend of former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and former Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman. Texas Supreme Court Justice Nathan Hecht has known her for more than 25 years. After <mask>'s nomination to the Supreme Court, Hecht was cited as an unofficial spokesperson representing her views. In 1979, after she made partner in her law firm, she became an evangelical Christian after a series of long discussions with Hecht, who was her colleague at the firm.See also
 Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States
 List of first women lawyers and judges in Texas

References
Works cited

Notes

External links
 Issue positions and quotes at OnTheIssues


title: Zafar Futehally

texts:
<mask> (19 March 1920 – 11 August 2013) was an Indian naturalist and conservationist best known for his work as the secretary of the Bombay Natural History Society and for the Newsletter for Birdwatchers a periodical that helped birdwatchers around India to communicate their observations. Awarded Padma Shri by the Government of India in the year 1971, <mask> was also honoured with Dutch order of merit the Order of the Golden Ark in 1981 and Karnataka Rajyotsava award by the Government of Karnataka in 1983. Early life and education

<mask> was born in Andheri in 1920. The family lived at Gulshun, a property bought from Homi Mody in 1918. This land was mortgaged by his father to establish N. Futehally & Co., one of the first Indian companies to deal in the export of cotton to and import of textiles from Japan. In 1924 the family moved to Kobe in Japan to run the company branch and returned to India only in 1927. Futehally studied economics at St. Xavier's College in Bombay.Graduating with a BA in economics and political science in 1941 he wrote the public service commission examination, stood 84 among 3400 candidates and went through several interviews but did not get selected. Career
He was then offered work at his brother's company, Dynacraft Machine Company from 1942. The company was run along with his brother and cousin but in 1985 the Futehally brothers were removed from the board. <mask>'s maternal grandfather was Badruddin Tyabji, the eminent lawyer and president of the Indian National Congress and was a distant cousin of Salim Ali. <mask> was married to Laeeq <mask> (1921-6 July 2014), a niece of Salim Ali, on 19 December 1943. They had three children: a son, Murad, and two daughters Zahida (Zai) and Shama who also took to writing. Zai wrote biographies of Romulus Whitaker and Salim

masks:
Zafar Rashid Futehally
Zafar Futehally
Zafar Futehally
Zafar
Zafar
Futehally


title: Zafar Futehally

texts:
 Ali.Shama (d. 2004) was the author of novels "Tara Lane" and "Reaching Bombay Central", a translator of the Meera Bhajans and Urdu poetry apart from numerous other literary works. In 1972, <mask> moved to Bangalore where he lived for a while in the Palace orchards area before moving to a farm house in Dodda Gubbi on the outskirts of Bangalore. Laeeq took her skills in gardening and landscaping while also writing on the topic in a column in the Deccan Herald. A dacoit attack in 1987 at their home in Dodda Gubbi forced the couple to move to Kodaikanal with their daughter Zai for four years before returning to live in Koramangala in Bangalore. In Kodaikanal, they worked with the Palani Hills Conservation Council. In 2013 he left Bangalore to move back to his home in Kihim. He died on 11 August 2013 at his home in Kihim, following a bronchial infection.He was cremated at Kihim according to his wishes. Ornithology and conservation
In 1944 Salim Ali invited the couple to his camp in Palanpur, Saurashtra where he was running a bird survey. From this point, Futehally regularly joined Salim on camps. Somewhere in the 1950s a poorly written newspaper article in the Times of India on the magpie robin received the ire of Salim Ali and the editor, N.J. Nanporia, asked Salim if he could suggest someone who could write for the newspaper on birds. <mask> <mask> took the suggestion and started a column called Birdwatcher's Diary which ran for thirty years (second in longevity to the column of Madhaviah Krishnan). This also led to radio shows which became quite popular. Around the 1950s Laeeq joined Quest magazine produced by the Indian Committee for Cultural Freedom led by Minoo Masani which was partly sponsored by the CIA.Futehally founded the Newsletter for Birdwatchers, a periodical, in 1959. In 1962 <mask>

masks: Zafar Zafar Futehally Futehally


title: Zafar Futehally

texts: became a member of the executive committee of the Bombay Natural History Society and later its Honorary Secretary, a position that he held until 1973 when he moved from Bombay to Bangalore. A dispute between Humayun Abdulali and Salim Ali led to the latter resigning from the position of Vice President. In 1959 there was WHO interest in the study of Kyasanur forest disease and it was suggested that this was being carried by migratory birds. A study was begun with Salim Ali heading the project. Alfred Schifferli from the Sempach Ornithological Station helped train them in mist netting and other handling techniques. The "Newsletter" included Salim Ali, Biswamoy Biswas and other eminent ornithologists of its time on the editorial board and was for many years mimeographed and distributed to subscribers in India and outside.In later years the covers were printed and still later the entire issue was printed. The newsletter encouraged an essay style of writing and some authors like Ramachandra Guha found their first opportunity to publish in it. The Newsletter for Birdwatchers continues to be popular among birdwatchers interested in the India region. The newsletter also pioneered large-scale collaborative studies on birds. In 1965 he was involved in organizing the IUCN meeting at New Delhi and became a member of its executive board in 1966. He became Vice-President of the IUCN in 1969, received the Padma Shri in 1970, Order of the Golden Ark in 1980 and the Karnataka Rajyotsava award of 1983. In 1973, <mask> was a member of the committee that was set up to study the impact of a dam on the river Kuntipuzha which threatened to destroy the forests of the Silent Valley region.He was also a steering group member of Project Tiger, during the early years of its establishment. Futehally founded the Bangalore


title: Zafar Futehally

texts:
 Environment Trust along with Satish Dhawan, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan (Sir C.V. Raman's son) and others in 1987. The organization took an interest in the conservation of lakes and trees in and around Bangalore. In December 2000 he underwent a by-pass surgery Towards the end of 2003, following a cataract removal, he allowed the first few issues of the 2004 Newsletter for Birdwatchers to be guest edited however this led to differences between the guest editors and the publisher leading to a break up of the Newsletter. A new newsletter was launched and he became an emeritus editor for the periodical, Indian Birds. Conservation debates
During his position at the BNHS and the World Wildlife Fund he was able to lobby for action, chiefly by influencing the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. His letters to the government helped in the establishment of Karnala bird sanctuary in Raigad in the 1960s, instead of being earmarked for industrial development.In the 1970s, he supported Dillon Ripley and the Smithsonian Institution for a project that proposed to radio-collar and study tigers in India. The project met with considerable resistance, with Kailash Sankhala and Madhaviah Krishnan suggesting that Indians could conduct such studies on their own. Ripley's past in the OSS and politics related to PL 480 grants in India were also to influence the refusal of the Indian government to permit Smithsonian research. <mask>, who was then in WWF-India, was criticized for his support since the IUCN and WWF international did not support the Smithsonian proposal. Ripley subsequently engineered a coup in WWF-US which involved the overthrow of its president, C. R. Gutermuth, on the ground that he had taken up a conflicting position as president of the National Rifle Association. The Smithsonian tiger tracking project


title: Zafar Futehally

texts:
 was finally funded in part by WWF-US but were able to obtain permission only in Nepal. In later years, he continued to write about conservation issues particularly in Bangalore.In one issue, the government of Karnataka handed over lakes (particularly Hebbal Lake) within the city to private hoteliers and water-based entertainment companies. This was opposed by many citizens as being contradictory to the role of government in public welfare. <mask> <mask> held the view that private enterprise could be conservation and welfare-oriented, a view which did not receive widespread support. Publications
Futehally wrote numerous popular articles in the media. One of his early publications on a Paradise Flycatcher inspired the Indian poet Nissim Ezekiel to write a poem about it. As the founder and editor of the Newsletter for Birdwatchers, he selected articles from bird enthusiasts and friends in India as well as from outside. The articles were selected for readability rather than dry scientific communication although many scientific observations were made in its pages.He also edited and published an anthology of writings by Indian birdwatchers, "India through its birds", which was published in 2007. In 2014, his memoirs were posthumously published as a book, The Song of the Magpie Robin. References

Bibliography
 Futehally, <mask> (with Shanthi and Ashish Chandola) (2014) The Song of the Magpie Robin. Rupa Publications, New Delhi. External links
 An interview
 Scans of old issues of the Newsletter for Birdwatchers Current issues
 Popular Articles in newspapers 1 2
 Remembering Baba by Zai Whitaker. Indian Express, New Delhi, 31 Aug 2013

1920 births
2013 deaths
Sulaymani Bohras
Indian ornithologists
Recipients of the Padma Shri in science & engineering
20th-century Indian zoologists
Scientists from

masks: Zafar Futehally Zafar


title: Stephen Dodson Ramseur

texts:
<mask> (May 31, 1837 – October 20, 1864) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War, at one point the youngest in the army. He impressed Lee by his actions at Malvern Hill and Chancellorsville, where his brigade led Stonewall Jackson’s flank attack, taking 50% casualties. On the first day of Gettysburg, he dramatically routed a Union brigade, sending it running through the town, though his superiors did not authorize further pursuit. <mask> also distinguished himself in the Overland campaign and the Valley campaign, where he was mortally wounded at Cedar Creek. Early life
<mask> generally did not use his first name; intimate friends called him "Dod". He was born in Lincolnton, North Carolina to Jacob Able and <mask>. He was a second cousin to future Confederate generals John Horace Forney and William H. Forney.Ramseur attended Davidson College, where he studied mathematics under Daniel Harvey Hill, another future Confederate general. He continued at the United States Military Academy, graduated in 1860, was commissioned a second lieutenant, and was assigned to the 3rd and 4th U.S. Artillery regiments just before the start of the war. An intensely devout man, he believed slavery a divinely blessed institution, and by the time he entered West Point he bore great hatred for all Northerners. Civil War

<mask> did not wait until North Carolina seceded from the Union, joining the Confederate States Army in Alabama, but quickly transferred to the 10th North Carolina Militia. He became the lieutenant colonel of the 3rd North Carolina Infantry

masks:
Stephen Dodson Ramseur
Ramseur
Dodson Ramseur
Lucy Mayfield Dodson Ramseur
Ramseur


title: Stephen Dodson Ramseur

texts:
 on May 27, 1861. He was injured with a broken collarbone while being thrown from his horse in July and was out of service until the following spring.Peninsula Campaign
At the start of the Peninsula Campaign in 1862, <mask> commanded artillery in Brig. Gen. John B. Magruder's division, but he was elected colonel of the 49th North Carolina Infantry on April 12, 1862. In the Seven Days Battles, <mask> saw his first significant action at the Battle of Malvern Hill, where he led a futile charge against the strong Union defense and was severely wounded in the right arm. The arm mangled and paralyzed, <mask> returned home to recuperate. After the Battle of Antietam, he returned from leave as commander of a brigade of four North Carolina regiments in Brig. Gen. Robert E. Rodes's division of Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's corps.Promoted to brigadier general on November 1, 1862, he became, at 25 years old, the youngest general in the Confederate army at that time. This was a remarkable accession to rank for someone who had missed so many battles, but Gen. Robert E. Lee had been very impressed by Ramseur's aggressive performance at Malvern Hill. Chancellorsville
In the Battle of Chancellorsville, <mask>'s was the lead brigade in Jackson's famous flank march of May 2, 1863, against the Union right. Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart, in temporary command of the corps after Jackson was mortally wounded, ordered three cheers for the brigade's aggressive assault and recommended that <mask> be promoted to major general; this would not come to pass for another

masks: Ramseur Ramseur Ramseur Ramseur Ramseur


title: Stephen Dodson Ramseur

texts:
 year. <mask>'s performance was actually overly aggressive because his brigade moved out in front of the other brigades too quickly, became exposed, and ran out of ammunition. They had to have reinforcements rush in from the neighboring brigade to help consolidate their gains.His brigade had higher casualties in the battle—more than 50%—than any other Confederate brigade. On the following day, he was wounded again, this time in the leg. General Lee wrote about <mask>'s brigade after the battle:

Gettysburg
In the Battle of Gettysburg, on July 1, 1863, <mask>'s brigade was one of five Rodes led in an assault south from Oak Hill against the right flank of the Union I Corps. <mask> started in reserve, but the failed attacks by the brigades of Brig. Gens. Alfred Iverson and Edward A. O'Neal required him to move forward to keep the assault from petering out. Rather than repeating their direct assaults, he swung around to the left, across the Mummasburg Road, and hit the defenders in the rear, routing them and driving them back through the town.(This assault was not as difficult as Iverson's and O'Neal's because the Union defenders had now only one brigade in position instead of two and they were low on ammunition.) <mask> was dismayed when ordered to halt the pursuit of his foe at the foot of Cemetery Hill. This was the last fighting at Gettysburg for Ramseur; Rodes's division sat idle just northwest of Cemetery Hill for the next two days and retreated to Virginia with the rest of the Army of Northern Virginia. Ramseur returned home on leave to marry


title: Stephen Dodson Ramseur

texts:
 Ellen E. "Nellie" Richmond and they spent three months together in the Confederate army winter encampment. The Wilderness
In the Wilderness, the start of Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's 1864 Overland Campaign, <mask> was once again kept in reserve. On May 7, 1864, his brigade was called forward and smashed into Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside's IX Corps, which was attempting to outflank <mask>'s corps. Both Lee and corps commander Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell wrote in admiration of his gallant attack, which drove Burnside's troops back over a half mile.At Spotsylvania Court House, his brigade counterattacked the II Corps of Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock after its assault on the Mule Shoe at the "Bloody Angle". Desperate hand-to-hand fighting, some of the most intense of the war, lasted for over 20 hours. He was wounded again in this attack, shot from his horse in the right arm, but refused to leave the field. Major General
<mask> assumed command of Jubal A. Early's division when that general took over from Ewell after Spotsylvania. He received a temporary promotion to major general on June 1, 1864, becoming at 27 the youngest West Point graduate to ever be promoted to major general in the Confederate Army. He fought at Cold Harbor and was the first division to intercept Grant before he could capture Petersburg.1864 Valley Campaign
In June 1864, <mask> and the rest of Early's corps was sent by Lee to the Shenandoah Valley to draw Union forces away from Petersburg, in the Valley Campaigns of 1864. They conducted a long and successful raid down the Valley,

masks: Ramseur Ramseur Ramseur Ramseur


title: Stephen Dodson Ramseur

texts:
 into Maryland, and reached the outskirts of Washington, D.C., before turning back. Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was sent by Grant to drive Early from the Valley. On September 19, 1864, Sheridan attacked the Confederates at the Battle of Opequon, also known as the Third Battle of Winchester. <mask>'s division was routed by a strong Union assault near Stephenson's Depot; <mask> allegedly wept openly and immaturely blamed his men for the retreat. His colleague Rodes was mortally wounded. Cedar Creek and death
In a surprise attack a month later, Early routed two thirds of the Union army at the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, but his troops were hungry and exhausted and fell out of their ranks to pillage the Union camp; <mask> managed to corral a few hundred soldiers out of his division and stood with them in the center of the line as Sheridan counterattacked.They held off the Union assault for an hour and a half. <mask> displayed great bravery in rallying his troops, but he was mounted conspicuously on horseback and drew continuous fire. He was wounded in the arm and his horse was shot out from under him. A second horse was also killed. On his third horse, he was struck through both lungs and fell, later to be captured by Union soldiers of the 1st Vermont Cavalry. <mask> <mask> died the following day near Middletown, Virginia, at Sheridan's headquarters in the Belle Grove Plantation. His last words were, "Bear this message to my precious wife—I die a Christian and hope to meet her in heaven."The day before the battle, word reached Ramseur of the

masks: Ramseur Ramseur Ramseur Ramseur Dodson Ramseur


title: Stephen Dodson Ramseur

texts:
 birth of a baby daughter. He is buried near his birthplace, Lincolnton, in St. Luke's Episcopal Cemetery. Jubal Early's account of Ramseur at Cedar Creek sums up the man and his accomplishments:

Legacy

In the Piedmont Triad region, the town of Ramseur in eastern Randolph County, North Carolina is named in <mask> <mask>'s honor. A monument on the Cedar Creek battlefield commemorates Ramseur's death in the Belle Grove House. By chance, Henry A. Dupont, his friend from West Point, was present at Cedar Creek, and years later described his death bed scene . In Popular Culture

In MacKinlay Kantor's 1961 alternate history book If the South Had Won the Civil War, Ramseur  appears as one of several prominent people who would have campaigned for the abolition of slavery in an independent Confederacy and eventually achieved it by 1885. In Ralph Peters's 2015 fictionalized account of the Valley Campaigns of 1864, "Valley of the Shadow," General <mask> is a significant character up until his death near the end of the book.See also

List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)

Notes

References
 Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
 Sifakis, Stewart. Who Was Who in the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. .
 Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg. Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. .
 Warner, Ezra J. Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders.Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1959. .

Further reading
 Gallagher, Gary W. <mask> Ramseur: Lee's

masks:
Stephen Dodson
Ramseur
Ramseur
Stephen Dodson


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts:
Bitwoded Sultan  <mask> (;  1919 - 25 April 2011) was Sultan of Aussa from 1944 until his death in 2011. He ascended to the throne after his predecessor and uncle, Mohammad Yayyo. As a loyal suzerain of Emperor Haile Selassie I, <mask> possessed only moderate governing authority as Sultan, but was highly influential as a landowner and as the senior spiritual and cultural leader of the Afar people. Under his rule, significant progress was made towards modernising agriculture amongst the pastoral Afar; attracting foreign investment, organising access to credit, and promoting infrastructural development. After the overthrow of the Ethiopian monarchy by the Derg, Sultan <mask> was targeted by the new socialist regime for his influence, status as a landowner, and support for the deposed emperor. In 1975 the Sultan was forced to flee the country when the Derg attempted to capture him in a bloody raid on Asaita, and proceeded to establish the Afar Liberation Front to resist the government and defend the Afar's rights to their land. Upon the Derg's overthrow in 1991 the Sultan returned to Ethiopia, where he initially supported the efforts of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front led by Meles Zenawi.Relations quickly soured, however, over the issue of Afars in Eritrea, whom the Sultan wanted to remain part of an autonomous Afar region within Ethiopia. This, amongst other disputes, led to the Sultan's marginalisation from the politics of the new Afar Region. <mask> died on 24 April 2011 and was succeeded by his son <mask> <mask>. <mask> was not only considered a leader of the Afar people, but was admired by many Ethiopians for his patriotism, resistance to the Derg, and support for Ethiopian unity. Early life
<mask>

masks:
Alimirah Hanfare
Alimirah
Alimirah
Sultan Alimirah
Hanfare
Alimirah
Alimirah
Alimirah


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts:
 Hanfere was born in area the village of Fursi, which is today divided between the Amhara Region and the Afar Region. He was said to have been born around 1919, but at his death was said to be 95 years old, suggesting he was born earlier. A member of the Aussa Mudaito Dynasty, and the youngest of three children, with two older sisters, Fatima and Medina, his father was <mask> Aydahis and mother was Hawy Omar.His grandfather, Mahammad ibn Hanfere, was himself Sultan of Aussa from 1862 to 1902, who declared his loyalty to Emperor Menelik II and defeated an Egyptian force led by Werner Munzinger attempting to invade Ethiopia in 1875. His father was killed while his mother was pregnant with <mask>, and she herself died when <mask> was young, leaving him to be raised by his eldest sister, Fatima. Fatima married Fitawrari Yayyo Hamadu, an important leader of the Aussa, second only to the Sultan, Mohammad Yayyo. Yayyo Hamadu was entrusted with the transport of goods between the port of Assab and the capital Addis Ababa by camel caravans, making him wealthy and also facilitating a close friendship with Ras Tafari Makonnen, the future Haile Selassie I. When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, Sultan Muhammad agreed to not resist the Italians in exchange for being allowed their autonomy. When the Aussas made a visit to Rome in 1939, Yayyo and <mask>, his son-in-law, visited the imprisoned Leul Ras Imru Haile Selassie, whom they helped financially and pleaded (unsuccessfully) to be released. Upon Ethiopia's liberation in 1941, Yayyo and <mask> captured nearly a thousand Italian soldiers and brought them to Addis Ababa to commemorate the Emperor's return.Rise to power
While the actions of Yayyo and <mask> strengthened their friendship with

masks: Hanfare Alimirah Alimirah Alimirah Alimirah Alimirah


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts: Haile Selassie, it was against the wishes of Sultan Mohammed, who sought to follow by the terms of his agreement with the Italians and leave their troops alone. Furthermore, Sultan Mohammed sought to place the Aussa Sultanate under British administration in the manner of Eritrea and the Ogaden. This was greatly opposed by many Aussa and Yayyo, who said "Our emperor is back, the white people were defeated," causing a major rift between the two; Sultan Mohammed dismissed Yayyo in 1942. One day sometime in 1944, Yayyo was called to join the Sultan after prayers. Concluding this was a ruse to have him killed, Yayyo instead fled to Addis Ababa after expressing his thoughts to Emperor Haile Selassie. While both agreeing that the Sultan should be removed, Yayyo felt that he would not be accepted by the Afars as Sultan, as he did not come from the senior Aydahisso branch of the Mudaito dynasty. Instead, he proposed that <mask>sso clan, become Sultan.Six months after this incident, the plot was set into action. <mask> was made a Dejazmach, and Yayyo restored to his title of Fitawrari, and several thousand soldiers of the Kebur Zabagna (Imperial Guard) were placed under their control. The force led by Yayyo and <mask> set out to Asaita to oust the Sultan, taking a fortnight to travel. To keep their advance a secret, they detained any Afar person they saw travelling on the way, placing them in one of several empty trucks provided for that purpose, and arranged for the prohibition of any travel past the town of Bati, a key trading post to the Afar regions. Upon eventually being warned of the force's advance when they were only a day away, Sultan Mohammed dismissed them and even chastised his son for attempting to rally the palace guard

masks: Alimirahahi Alimirah Alimirah


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts:
 in defense, convinced that such an attempt was impossible. Thus, when the force arrived in Asaita the following day, it faced virtually no resistance, with only one guard on duty. Sultan Mohammed was deposed, and, after being assured his family members would not be killed (as was typical in Afar power struggles), was sent to Addis Ababa, where he died of natural causes some time later.Reign as Sultan
Assuming the throne at only 22 years old, <mask> was heavily influenced by Fitawrari Yayyo, but over time was able to a centralise power in himself, often to the detriment of the lesser chiefs that traditionally exercised significant power. His authority was also compromised by the provincial authorities and imperial government who asserted their control over the lands of the Sultanate, often a matter of bitter contention between the Sultan and the central government. Despite this, the relationship between the Sultan and Haile Selassie was a loyal one. Development efforts
Much like the imperial government and Haile Selassie on a national scale, <mask> worked to improve the agricultural situation in Aussa, which accounted for the livelihoods of the vast majority of the Afar people. He facilitated the establishment of several large commercial farms in Aussa, primarily producing cotton, as well as other crops. Thus many formerly pastoral Afars began to settle in towns to work on the new cotton farms. While the Sultan owned many of these new large commercial farms, he arranged for the Addis Ababa Bank (later nationalised and today part of the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia) to open a branch in Asaita to stimulate the expansion of the agricultural sector, and founded the Aussa Farmers Association to make it easier for Afar farmers to

masks:
Sultan Alimirah
Sultan Alimirah


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts:
 take out loans co-operatively.In the 1960s, a joint venture between the British firm Mitchell Cotts and the Ethiopian government was created to produce cotton in the region, under the Sultan's supervision. In contrast to the government's state farms, the scheme worked to cooperate with the local people and create large farms whilst respecting traditional customs of collective ownership. By the time of the Sultan's flight in 1975, it was noted that there were 600 tractors, 80 bulldozers and 30 Cessna planes in the Aussa awrajja, a large amount relative to the rest of the country. The Sultan also opened several health clinics schools in Aussa, including a boarding school and madrassah for all Afars in Asaita. He opposed the consumption of khat, organised Islamic leaders, reformed religious practices, and proclaimed rights for women. Indeed, some came to refer to Aussa as "Kuwait" due to its relative wealth. In 1972 the Sultan visited the United States at the invitation of USAID, where he visited 15 states and met with African-American leaders such as Jesse Jackson and Elijah Muhammad.He was impressed by the warm reception accorded, especially after giving a speech in Chicago praising the leadership of Haile Selassie and receiving a standing ovation. Following this trip, it was arranged for several Afar students to study in the United States. Disputes and efforts for autonomy
Sultan <mask> often came into conflict with the central government over its encroachment on the authority of the Sultanate. Aussa, which had been more-or-less self-governing until the Sultan's ascension in 1944, had been greatly weakened in power by the centralising forces of Haile Selassie's government. In 1950 he withdrew from Asaita for two years in


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts: opposition, returning only two after following mediation by Fitawrari Yayyo. The Sultan sought to unite the Afar people under an autonomous Sultanate, while remaining part of Ethiopia; they had been divided amongst the provinces of Hararghe, Shewa, Tigray, and Wollo. In 1961, when it was clear the Eritrean federal arrangement was headed towards its demise, 55 Afar chieftains in Eritrea met and endorsed the idea of an Ethiopian Afar autonomy.Following the dissolution of Eritrea's federal government and its transformation into a centrally-administered province, Afar leaders met again in Assab in 1963 and supported the creation of an autonomous region. In 1964 Afar leaders went to Addis Ababa to present Haile Selassie with their proposal, but the effort came up empty-handed. In the early 1970s the Ethiopian government established a "Awash Valley Authority" to advance the development of the Awash River basin through introducing large-scale commercial farms. While intended to the help the region's development, the scheme would have displaced thousands of rural Afars from their ancestral land and separated them from the river on which they depended for their livelihood and very survival. After strenuous objections from <mask> on their behalf, the scheme was abandoned- although it is thought protecting his own large plantations also played a role. Despite these encroachments and conflicts, the Sultan remained fundamentally loyal to the Emperor and Ethiopia; in turn, while he did not achieve the autonomous sultanate he desired, he enjoyed an appreciable level of autonomy in the areas of the Sultanate, almost unique amongst the many petty kingdoms incorporated into the Ethiopian state in the late 19th century. For example, while the


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts:
 government appointed a governor to the awrajja (district) of Aussa proper, the governor, rather than taking up residence in the capital of Asaita, instead sat in Bati, which was outside the district entirely.The Sultan enjoyed a warm relationship with Haile Selassie, and was eventually granted the title of Bitwoded, the second highest title attainable by a non-member of the royal family. Assessing his relationship with the emperor, <mask> recalled that "[Haile Selassie] looked at us peripheral rulers with respect. We had good relations with him. He never interfered directly in our internal affairs. I had direct access to his palace or his office." Death and burial
Sultan <mask> died on April 24, 2011 in Addis Ababa, at approximately the age of 95. He was buried in the northeastern town of Asaita, the former capital of the Afar Region.Legacy and assessment
Amongst Afars, <mask> is revered as a "beloved spiritual father, leader, and caretaker" who was dedicated to the progress and unity of his people. In his efforts to advance the Afar economy, he is thought to have balanced the benefits of agricultural modernisation with respect for tradition and traditional land ownership. As a leader, he is thought to have been just and morally upright, leading one commentator to say that "Under the rule of Sultan <mask> no one walks away without justice. The legacy he built was support to the needy, justice to the poor, and share the resources of the community for [the] common well-being of the people." While not granted much power in the new government, the actions of the Afar Liberation Front during the transition period and the early years of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia demonstrated the Sultan's sincerity; it worked to

masks: Alimirah Alimirah Alimirah Alimirah


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts: leader for all black people in the world, wherever they might be." When touring the United States in 1972, he delivered several speeches praising the emperor's leadership, and inquired after the well-being of the Ethiopians living in the cities he visited. He was recognised for his resistance to the Fascist occupiers and his attempts to look after the well-being of other Ethiopians such as Le'ul Ras Imru Haile Selassie who had been imprisoned by them. He gave generously to charitable institutions throughout Ethiopia; for example he gave 10,000 birr, at that time a large sum (adjusted for inflation, around 640,000 birr in today's prices), to a local Addis Ababa edir (traditional co-operative funerary association) operating in the neighbourhood of his house in the city. When Prime Minister Meles Zenawi remarked that the flag of Ethiopia was "just a common rag", the Sultan was said to have retorted that "even our camels salute the Ethiopian flag". For these reasons, <mask> <mask> is considered to be a heroic patriot by many Ethiopians. Furthermore, the Sultan is particularly admired by nationalist opponents of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front for his opposition to Eritrean independence and for his desire to incorporate Afar regions of Eritrea into Ethiopia as part of the Afar Region.When representatives of the opposition movements that had worked to overthrow the government of Mengistu Haile Mariam met in July 1991, the Sultan discovered that the delegates of the Eritrean People's Liberation Front had elected not to participate as representatives but merely observers. Upon learning this was because they sought to separate from Ethiopia, the Sultan attacked them, saying that "in my opinion this conference was

masks: Alimirah Hanfare


title: Alimirah Hanfare

texts:
 not to dismember Ethiopia but to unite Ethiopia. A conference that discusses how to achieve equality, justice, democracy and good governance for all Ethiopians. The Ethiopian people expect us to come out of this conference with a new government and democracy, not two different nations." His desire to unite Afars as part of Ethiopia also garnered the respect of nationalists, particularly because such an effort, if successful, would have preserved Ethiopian control over a significant stretch of sea-coast, and port of Assab, therefore preventing the country from becoming the most populous landlocked country in the world, an outcome the Sultan also explicitly opposed. To these people, Sultan <mask> is to be considered more patriotic and dedicated to Ethiopian unity than the Ethiopian government itself. However, the Sultan was not without his critics.He was considered to be an illegitimate usurper, placed into power by Ethiopian intervention and intrigue. He was attacked by the Derg and leftist Afars as a feudalist landowner who was willing to sell out the Afar people for his own self interests. The Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front levelled similar criticisms, opposing its conservative ideology, the ALF's apparently lavish expenditure of the regional budget, the Sultan's undisguised favor towards the Aussa area for economic development, and the intrigues of the various members of the <mask> family with regional players. References

External links
Walta Information Center: Afar's spiritual leader dies at the age of 91
Ethiopian Review: In memory of Ethiopian patriot, Sultan Alimirah

1910s births
Year of birth uncertain
2011 deaths
African monarchs
Sultans
Ethiopian exiles
Ethiopian politicians
Afar

masks: Alimirah Alimirah


title: Patrice Chéreau

texts:
<mask> (; 2 November 1944 – 7 October 2013) was a French opera and theatre director, filmmaker, actor and producer. In France he is best known for his work for the theatre, internationally for his films La Reine Margot and Intimacy, and for his staging of the Jahrhundertring, the centenary Ring Cycle at the Bayreuth Festival in 1976. Winner of almost twenty movie awards, including the Cannes Jury Prize and the Golden Berlin Bear, <mask> served as president of the jury at the 2003 Cannes festival. From 1966, he was artistic director of the Public-Theatre in the Parisian suburb of Sartrouville, where in his team were stage designer Richard Peduzzi, costume designer Jacques Schmidt and lighting designer André Diot, with whom he collaborated in many later productions. From 1982, he was director of "his own stage" at the Théâtre Nanterre-Amandiers at Nanterre where he staged plays by Jean Racine, Marivaux and Shakespeare as well as works by Jean Genet, Heiner Müller and Bernard-Marie Koltès. He accepted selected opera productions, such as: the first performance of the three-act version of Alban Berg's Lulu, completed by Friedrich Cerha, at the Paris Opera in 1979; Berg's Wozzeck at the Staatsoper Berlin in 1994; Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at La Scala in 2007; Janáček's From the House of the Dead, shown at several festivals and the Metropolitan Opera; and, as his last staging, Elektra by Richard Strauss, first performed at the Aix-en-Provence Festival in July 2013. He was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize in 2008.Life and career

Early life
Chéreau was born in Lézigné, Maine-et-Loire. His father, Jean-Baptiste Chéreau, was a painter, and his mother, Marguerite Pelicier, was a graphic designer. He attended school in Paris. Early on he was taken to the Louvre and became interested in the arts, cinema, theatre and music. At age 12, he designed stage

masks:
Patrice Chéreau
Chéreau


title: Patrice Chéreau

texts:
 sets for plays. He became well known to Parisian critics as director, actor, and stage manager of his high-school theatre (lycée Louis-le-Grand). At 15, he was enthusiastically celebrated as a theatre prodigy.In 1964, at the age of 19, he began directing for the professional theatre. While studying at the Sorbonne, he professionally staged Victor Hugo's L'Intervention, and subsequently dropped out of the university. 1966: Sartrouville

In 1966, <mask> was appointed artistic director of the Public-Theatre in the Parisian suburb of Sartrouville. With "idealism and inventiveness", he made the theatre a "municipal commodity", presenting not only theatre but also "cinema, concerts, poetry productions, lectures and debates about everything from politics to pot". His theatrical team included costume designer Jacques Schmidt, stage designer Richard Peduzzi and lighting designer André Diot, with all of whom he collaborated in many later productions. In 1968, he directed The Soldiers by Jakob Michael Reinhold Lenz at the Festival of Youth Theatre in Nancy. In 1969, he staged his first opera production, Rossini's L'italiana in Algeri for the Spoleto Festival, again with his Sartrouville team.The following year he established a close artistic relationship with the leadership of the Piccolo Teatro in Milan, Paolo Grassi and Giorgio Strehler. There, he staged Pablo Neruda's "revolutionary oratorio" The Splendour and Death of Joaquin Murieta. In 1970, he directed Shakespeare's Richard II at the Théâtre de France. His first staging for the Paris Opera was in 1974 Offenbach's Les contes d'Hoffmann. He showed Hoffmann, sung by Nicolai Gedda, as a "sensitive poet for whom love is beyond reach, ... a drunken loser". In 1975, he worked in Germany for the first time directing Edward Bond's Lear, set in an "industrial landscape strewn with piles of slag, with Lear


title: Patrice Chéreau

texts:
 initially provoked controversy, but was celebrated after its final performance in 1980 with a 45-minute standing ovation. Chéreau disliked grand opera, but said: "After Bayreuth, I felt the need to work on a theatrical project of some breadth ...I have never put on little things. I am interested only in spectacles that rise above themselves". He first considered Goethe's Faust but then directed in 1981 Henrik Ibsen's Peer Gynt for Villeurbane and Paris, aiming at "an incandescence of theatrical experience, a global spectacle". 1979: Paris

<mask> directed the first performance of the three-act version of Alban Berg's Lulu, completed by Friedrich Cerha, at the Paris Opera on 24 February 1979, again conducted by Boulez and with sets by Peduzzi, with Teresa Stratas singing the title role. The scene is set in the time of the composition, around 1930. Koch observes frequent topics of hunt, and love colder than death (Verfolger und Verfolgte, und Liebe ... kälter als der Tod). Dr. Schön, a powerful newspaper manager, is reminiscent of supporters of Hitler.1982: Amandiers

From 1982, <mask> was director of "his own stage" at the Théâtre Nanterre-Amandiers at Nanterre. In 1981 already he staged there Ibsen's Peer Gynt. He was the first to show several plays by Bernard-Marie Koltès, including  and  (1985),  (1986) and  (1988). He directed Marivaux' La Fausse suivante in 1985 and Shakespeare's Hamlet in 1989, also works by Jean Genet, Heiner Müller and Jean Racine. He staged Mozart's Lucio Silla in 1984, for Amandiers, but also for La Monnaie and La Scala. At the Odéon he staged in 1992 Le Temps et la Chambre by Botho Strauss. He directed Dans la solitude des champs de coton again in 1995, shown at Ivry, the Wiener Festwochen and the Brooklyn Academy of Music.He staged in 2011 Jon Fosse's  Je suis le vent in an English version, I Am the Wind, by Simon

masks: Chéreau Chéreau


title: Patrice Chéreau

texts:
 acutely vulnerable Isolde – was intensely moving". He directed Leoš Janáček's From the House of the Dead, again conducted by Boulez, first shown at the Vienna Festival in 2007,  and later at the Holland Festival, the Aix-en-Provence Festival, the Metropolitan Opera (his debut there in 2009) and La Scala. Chéreau's last film was Persécution (2009), "a gloomy, episodic film" about a man who is "haunted by a love-hate relationship with his girlfriend". His last production was Elektra by Richard Strauss, conducted by Esa-Pekka Salonen, shown at the Aix-en-Provence Festival in July 2013 and scheduled for the MET's 2015–16 season. A review noted: "The clichés of Fascist brutality and expressionist exaggeration are astutely avoided: this is a situation that involves human beings, not caricatures, in a visually neutral environment of bare walls, windows and doors (designed by Richard Peduzzi) which is also blackly portentous in atmosphere."Personal life and death
Chéreau was in a long-term relationship with his lover and favorite actor Pascal Greggory. He was not interested in gay topics, saying: "I never wanted to specialise in gay stories, and gay newspapers have criticised me for that. Everywhere love stories are exactly the same. The game of desire, and how you live with desire, are the same." Chéreau died in Paris on 7 October 2013 from lung cancer. He was 68 years old. In 2009, he signed a petition in support of film director Roman Polanski, calling for his release after Polanski was arrested in Switzerland in relation to his 1977 charge for drugging and raping a 13-year-old girl.Europe Theatre Prize

Chéreau was awarded the Europe Theatre Prize in 2008, in the Edition XII of the prize. The "Reason for award" noted:   A natural-born artist with a clear calling, <mask> Chéreau is one of those rare examples of a person who manages to succeed in


title: Patrice Chéreau

texts:
 all the expressive arts. ... <mask> Chéreau is an actor himself with the indispensable support of a team of creative collaborators, including the great set designer Richard Peduzzi, costume designer Jacques Schmidt and lighting designer André Diot. Drawn through his analysis of Brecht towards a correct naturalism, Chéreau has discovered and revived a number of little known texts, not least thanks to the many languages he has mastered. His extraordinary critical interpretation of Marivaux broke through the playwright's sunny surface to reveal him as a forward-looking, harsh social critic. ... Meanwhile, Chéreau shifted from theatre to opera, ... a scandalous reinterpretation of Wagner's Ring at Bayreuth ...He reached the height of his career during his many years at the Théâtre des Amandiers in Nanterre, where he developed a new model of expression, discovered and launched one of the great dramatists of our time, Bernard Marie Koltès, whose major works he directed, including Combat de nègre et de chiens and Solitude des champs de coton, as well as Shakespeare, Peer Gynt, Heiner Müller, and the historic revival of Les paravents by Genet. Chéreau eventually turned to cinema, which he found more expressive of the truth of life that he so values. Awards at the Internet Movie Database. <mask> <mask>. Awards at Allmovie. References

External links

  by Jason Buchanan

1944 births
2013 deaths
French film directors
French opera directors
French theatre directors
French male film actors
French male television actors
Directors of Golden Bear winners
Best Director César Award winners
Best Director Lumières Award winners
Silver Bear for Best Director recipients
Male actors from Paris
LGBT actors from France
LGBT film directors
LGBT theatre directors
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in France
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
People

masks: Patrice Patrice Chéreau


title: Alice Harriman

texts:
<mask> (March 12, 1861 – December 24, 1925) was a poet, author (of poetry, novels, short stories and non-fiction) and publisher. She was called the "only woman publisher in the world" in the 1911 Who's Who in the Northwest. She published books in Seattle between 1907 and 1910, and in New York after that, closing her publishing business in 1913. She wrote A Man of Two Countries, Chaperoning Adrienne; a tale of the Yellowstone national park (illustrated by Charles M. Russell) and Will Thou Not Sing. Marriage mystery

The only year in which she used the name Harriman-Browne was in 1907 in her books, including the book about Chaperoning Adrienne. The next year, she started a publishing company, using only her maiden name, Harriman. In Seattle, on May 2, 1907, she married Seneca F. Browne.She gave different marital statuses when asked to list whether married. <mask> was listed as single in the 1870 census (she was 9) and the 1880 census (she was 19). Most of the 1890 census was destroyed by fire. In the 1900 census and 1910 census, she is listed as divorced. In the 1920 census, as well as the Who's Who guides of 1911 and 1914, she is listed as widowed. Finally, on the Biographical Index Cards, 1781–1990, Sacramento, California: California State Library she is listed as widowed. Death
Harriman died in Hollywood, California, where she lived.Publishing
Harriman began publishing books in 1907 in Seattle. She continued there until 1910, moving her business to 542 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Her company was the "Alice Harriman Company, publishers of fine books". Causes
Harriman

masks:
Mary Alice Harriman
Alice


title: Alice Harriman

texts:
 was interested in Native American issues, and friend to Adelaide Hanscom Leeson, of the Photo Secessionist Movement. One Native-American-themed book she published was The Brand by Therese Broderick. This girl's adventure book influenced a young Nez Perce girl living in rural Idaho to become one of the first female Native American writers. That girl, Mourning Dove, wrote Cogewea.Books published
 Reminiscences of Seattle: Washington Territory and the U. S. Sloop-of-War Decatur During the Indian War of 1855-56 by Thomas Phelps, The Alice Harriman Company, Seattle, 1908 Online text
 Pioneer Days on Puget Sound by Arthur Armstrong Denny, The Alice Harriman Company, Seattle, 1908 Online text
 Lyrics of Fir and Foam Alice Rollit Coe, The Alice Harriman Company, Seattle, 1908 Online text
 Chronicle of Oldfields by Thomas Newton Allen, The Alice Harriman Company, Seattle, 1909 Online text
 Love Never Faileth by J. D. O. Powers, 1909
 The Road of Life, and other poems by Marion Couthouy Smith, The Alice Harriman Company, Seattle, 1909 Online text
 The Brand, a tale of the Flathead reservation by Therese Broderick, The Alice Harriman Company, Seattle 1909 Online text
 Marcus Whitman, Pathfinder and Patriot by Myron Eells, The Alice Harriman Company, Seattle, 1909 Online text
 Songs o' the Olympics by <mask>b, 1909
 Browning; Biographical notes, appreciations, and selections from his "Fifty Men and Women" by Pauline Leavens, The Alice Harriman Company, New York; Seattle, 1910 Online text
 The Diamond Spider and Other Stories by Elinor Brotherton Butler,  illustrated by C.M.


title: Alice Harriman

texts:
 Dowling, The Alice Harriman Company, New York, 1910
 A Man of Two Countries by <mask>, The Alice Harriman Company, New York; Seattle, 1910 Online text
 An Athabascan Princess by George Fenwick, illustrated by Max W. Kollm, pub. The Alice Harriman Company, New York; Seattle, 1910 Online text
 Trails Through Western Woods by Helen Fitzgerald Sanders, The Alice Harriman Company, New York; Seattle, 1910 Online text
 The Flame by Louise E Taber, The Alice Harriman Company, New York, 1911 Online text
 The Stairway on the Wall by Augusta Prescott, The Alice Harriman Company, New York, 1911 Online text
 The Temptation of St. Anthony by Gustave Flaubert, The Alice Harriman Company, New York, 1911 Online text
 Wilt Thou Not Sing? A Book of Verses by Alice Harriman, The Alice Harriman Company, New York 1912 Online text
 Yermah the Dorado by Frona Eunice Wait Colburn Online text
 Don Diego by Albert B. Reagan, The Alice Harriman Company, New York, 1914 Online text

Works by herCongress of American Aborigines at the Omaha Exposition in Overland Monthly, San Francisco, June 1899, pages 505-512, Mary Alice Harriman Online textPacific History Stories, Montana Edition by Alice Harriman, The Whitaker and Ray Company, San Francisco, 1903. Online textSongs o' the Sound by Alice Harriman with illustrations by Frank Calvert, The Stuff Printing Concern, Seattle, 1906. Online textTillicum Tales: Seattle Writers Club; story inside Old Bill's Awkward Squad by Alice Harriman-Browne, Lowman & Hanford, Seattle, 1907.Online textChaperoning Adrienne: A Tale of the Yellowstone National Park by


title: Alice Harriman

texts:
 <mask>-Browne, Metropolitan Press, Seattle, 1907. Online textThe Lightning Bug, by <mask> and 	J M S Lane, The Metropolitan Press, Seattle, c1907Lemon Juice, formerly published as Lightning Bug, c1908Songs o' the Olympics by <mask>man, Alice Harriman Co., Seattle, 1909.Redcoat and RedskinA Man of Two Countries; chapter headings by C.M. Dowling, 1910. Online textWilt Thou Not Sing? A Book Of Verses, 1912 Online textBells and Their Overtones, 1918.The bells of El Camino Real'', 1925

See also
 Page with biography. Late in life, she took an interest in solving a historical mystery. A text version of old story, Harriaman's discovery of a Russian Empire bell on the West Coast.LA Times version of the Bell Story, with picture of bell. References

External links

20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
American women poets
American publishers (people)
1861 births
1925 deaths
Writers from Seattle
People from Newport, Maine
American women short story writers
20th-century American poets
19th-century American short story writers
20th-century American short story writers
19th-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
Novelists from Washington

masks:
Alice Harriman
Alice Harriman
Alice Harri


title: Casey Candaele

texts:
<mask> (born January 12, 1961) is an American former professional baseball utility player and currently coaches in the Toronto Blue Jays system, managing their AAA team, the Buffalo Bisons. His mother, Helen Callaghan St. Aubin and her sister, Marge Callaghan, played for the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League, which was depicted in the movie A League of Their Own. <mask> and his mother represent the only mother/son combination to have both played professional baseball. The Seattle Mariners hired Candaele as their first base coach during the 2015–16 offseason. He worked with them until the end of the 2017 season. In January 2018, the Toronto Blue Jays hired Candaele to manage the Advanced-A Dunedin Blue Jays. Candaele is currently the manager of the Blue Jays' top affiliate, the Buffalo Bisons.Baseball career
The 5' 9",  switch hitter was born in Lompoc, California, on January 12, 1961. Candaele attended the University of Arizona, where he played collegiate baseball for the Wildcats and was a part of the 1980 College World Series champion team. He was signed by the Montreal Expos on August 15, 1982, as an amateur free agent. Candaele split the 1983 season between Class A and Class AA baseball. With the West Palm Beach Expos of the Class A Florida State League, he batted .305 in 127 games; he played 5 games for the Memphis Chicks of the Class AA Southern League. He spent the 1984 season with the Jacksonville Suns, batting .273 in 132 games with the team then, over the next two seasons, was with the Class AAA Indianapolis Indians of the American Association, batting .259 in 302 games in 1985 and finishing the 1986 season with a .302 average in 119 games. <mask> made his major league debut

masks:
Casey Todd Candaele
Casey
Candaele


title: Casey Candaele

texts: for the Expos on June 5, 1986, pinch hitting for pitcher Dan Schatzeder and striking out against Charles Hudson in a 7–3 loss to the Philadelphia Phillies at Olympic Stadium.He finished the 1986 season with 24 hits in 104 at-bats for a batting average of .231. In 1987, his first full year in the major leagues, Candaele batted .272 with one home run and 23 RBI in 138 games. He struck out just 28 times in 495 plate appearances. He played second base, shortstop, all three outfield positions, and first base. He came in fourth in balloting for the 1987 Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award in the National League, an award that went to catcher Benito Santiago of the San Diego Padres. Candaele played the first half of the 1988 season with the Expos, batting .172 in 38 games, with 20 hits in 116 at bats. He played in 60 games for the Indianapolis Indians in 1988, batting .264 in 60 games.The Expos traded <mask> on July 23, 1988, to the Houston Astros in exchange for catcher Mark Bailey. With the Astros that season, he appeared in 21 games, with his 5 hits in 31 at bats yielding a .161 batting average. He played in 17 games with the Tucson Toros of the Class AAA Pacific Coast League in the Astros organization, hitting for a .258 average. He played in 130 games for the Astros in 1990, hitting for a .286 average with 3 home runs. That season he also played in 7 games for the Toros, hitting for a .214 average. He spent the entire 1991 season with the Astros, finishing the season with an average of .262, and having career highs with 151 games played and 4 home runs to go along with 7 triples, which placed him ninth in the National league in that category. His average dropped to .213 for the 1992 season,


title: Casey Candaele

texts:
 with Candaele playing in 135 games.<mask> split the 1993 season, playing 75 games with the Astros and hitting .240, with another 6 games played in Tucson, where he batted .296. On October 4, 1993, he was granted free agency by the Astros, and was signed on November 24 by the Cincinnati Reds. He spent the entire 1994 season with the Indianapolis Indians, by then the Reds' AAA affiliate, and hit for a .282 average in 131 games with the team. He was released by the Reds on October 15, 1994, and signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers on February 1, 1995. He played with the Albuquerque Dukes of the Pacific Coast League in the Dodgers organization, hitting .259 in 12 games. The Dodgers released Candaele on April 26, 1995, after which he was picked up as a free agent by the Cleveland Indians on May 5. He played most of the 1995 season with the Buffalo Bisons of the American Association, hitting for a .247 average in 97 games.In 24 games for the Indians in 1996, he hit for a .250 average. His last major league season was in 1997, in which he finished with a .308 average in 14 games. His final game was on July 13, 1997, against the Minnesota Twins, when <mask> came into the game in the seventh inning to replace Julio Franco at second base, with his final at bat resulting in a fly out to left field in the ninth inning of a 12–5 win. He also played 79 games for the Bisons in the 1997 season, finishing with a .228 batting average. He then continued playing for another three seasons, shuffling around the minors, retiring after the 2000 season. Coaching
The Seattle Mariners hired Candaele as their first base coach during the 2015–16 offseason. After the 2017 season, he joined the Toronto Blue Jays organisation,

masks: Candaele Candaele


title: Casey Candaele

texts:
 initially manager of the Advanced-A Dunedin Blue Jays on January 10, 2018.After one season in Dunedin, the organisation moved him to Class A Short Season Vancouver Canadians. During the long offseason between the 2019 and 2021 seasons (no minor league seasons in 2020), the Blue Jays assigned Candaele as manager for their AAA club, the Buffalo Bisons, for the 2021 season. Nickname
Houston Astros Hall of Fame announcer Milo Hamilton called Candaele "Mighty Mite" for his aggressive play despite his diminutive size. Personal life
<mask>'s brother is filmmaker <mask>, whose PBS documentary about the AAGPBL led to the creation of the 1992 film A League of Their Own, directed by Penny Marshall. His mother Helen Callaghan, one of the best players in the league's history, won a batting title while collecting a .257 batting average and 354 stolen bases in her 388-game career over five seasons. References

External links

Baseball Gauge
Retrosheet
Venezuelan Professional Baseball League

1961 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dukes players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Arizona Wildcats baseball players
Baseball players from California
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) managers
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Calgary Cannons players
Cleveland Indians players
Houston Astros players
Indianapolis Indians players
Jacksonville Suns players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball second basemen
Memphis Chicks players
Montreal Expos players
Nashua Pride players
Nashville Sounds players
New Orleans Zephyrs players
People from Lompoc, California
Seattle Mariners coaches
Tucson Toros players
University of Arizona alumni
West Palm Beach Expos

masks:
Casey
Kelly Candaele


title: Parikipandla Narahari

texts:
<mask> (born 1 March 1975) also known as P. <mask> is an Indian civil servant employed by the Indian Administrative Services, lyricist and author. According to Tehelka, <mask>, in his capacity as District collector of Gwalior, is one of India's few civil servants to use social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook to interact with citizenry to solve their problems. The issues citizens of Gwalior raise on Narahari's wall were automatically directed to concerned departments. The Better India recognized Narahari as 10 most inspiring IAS officers of the year 2017. <mask> is one among of those rare professional officers to be credited as Publicity Advisor to three successive governments of different parties. Narahari has written five books, Who Owns Mhow? and The Making of Ladli Laxmi Yojna.The latter concerns the Ladli Laxmi Yojana, an initiative of the Government of Madhya Pradesh planned by Narahari which later inspired Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana. He also wrote the song Ho Halla which was sung by Shaan. In 2020, he started the program of Swachhta Ke Sur under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan to make people aware, which included Bollywood singer Shaan, Shankar Mahadevan, Javed Ali, Payal Dev, Rishiking and Dev Negi. Early life
Narahari was born to Satyanarayana and Sarojana on 1 March 1975. His grandparents belong to Chintagattu village near Warangal. Narahari studied mechanical engineering at Osmania University and was selected to work with Indian Engineering Services in 1999. He was also selected for organisations Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), National Aluminium Company (Nalco) and Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL).He was selected as Scientist-B at Advanced Research Centre International (ARCI), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. He worked in this organisation from January 2000 to August 2001 till he joined the Indian Administrative Services in September 2001. He completed his schooling from India Mission Secondary School, Basantnagar. He completed Intermediate from NLVRGSRVJC(APRJC) Nimmakuru. he was brought up in basanthnagar, Peddapalli mandal, Karimnagar

masks:
Parikipandla Narahari
Narahari
Narahari
Narahari