title: Georg Joseph Kamel

texts: plants to animals, from minerals to insects, shells and molluscs, snakes and even monsters (see below), with his first known text published in 1699.Although the first consignment of his treatises fell into the hands of pirates and was lost, he successfully shipped his accounts to London where they were published by his correspondents Ray and Petiver. <mask>'s descriptions of Philippine herbs, shrubs and trees were published as a 96-page appendix to Ray's third volume of Historia Plantarum (1704), while the remainder of his works appeared the Philosophical Transactions. <mask> was the first to acquaint Europe with species such as the tarsier, the colugo and the St Ignatius bean, a medicinal plant and source of strychnine. Linnaeus did not have a high opinion of <mask>'s work and he was critical of the descriptions used in John Ray and declared them as “Descriptiones imperfectae. Florum nulla notitia.” Linnaeus preferred the works of Rumphius for plants of the region. The majority of <mask>'s surviving notes are now kept in the British Library in London, while one volume each are held in the Natural History Museum, London and the Maurits Sabbe Library in Leuven, Belgium. Copies of parts of <mask>'s work can be found in his birthplace in Brno, the Czech Republic, alongside his birth register records and several other documents.Overview of some


title: Georg Joseph Kamel

type: original

texts:
 of his works
Published as an appendix to John Ray's Historia Plantarum
 Plants of Luzon Island: Historia stirpium insula Luzonis et reliquarum Philippinarum. In John Ray, Historia plantarum, vol. 3, London 1704, pp. 1–96 (online). Published in Philosophical Transactions from 1699
 On True Amomum (Gingeraceae): A description and figure of the True Amomum, or Tugus (1699), 21 (248): 2–4 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1699.0002). On Bean of St. Ignatius (Strychnine): An account of the vertues of Faba Sancti Ignatii, mentioned last Transaction (1699), 21 (250): 87 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1699.0018). A further and more exact account of the same, sent in a letter from Father Camelli to Mr. John Ray and Mr. James Petiver, Fellows of the Royal Society (1699), 21 (250): 88–94 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1699.0019).On Some Philippine Animals: An account of Mr. Samuel Brown his sixth book of East India Plants, with their names, vertues, description etc. By James Petiver, apothecary, and fellow of the Royal Society. To these are added some animals etc. which the reverend Father <mask> Camel very lately sent him from the Philippine Isles (1702), 23 (277): 1055–1068 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1702.0003). On Philippine Birds <mask>ii <mask>i Cameli observationes de avibus Philippensibus, communicatae a Jacobo Petiver, S. R. S. (1702), 23 (285): 1394–1399 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1702.0051). On

masks:
George Joseph
Georg
Joseph


title: Georg Joseph Kamel

texts: Philippine Coralls and Marine Animals: A description of some coralls and other curious submarines lately sent to James Petiver, apothecary and fellow of the Royal Society, from the Philippine Isles by the reverend <mask> Camel; as also an account of some plants from Chusan, an island on the coast of China, collected by Mr James Cuninghame, chyrurgeon & F.R.S. (1702), 23 (286): 1419–1429 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1702.0056).Tractatulus de ambaro, a reverendo domino domino <mask> <mask> Camello, communicatus domino Jacobo Petiverio Societatis Regiae socio (1704), 24 (291): 1591–1596 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1704.0017). Philippine Plants part 1: Reverendi Patris <mask> <mask>i Camelli tractatus de plantis Philippensibus scandentibus, ad Jacobum Petiver, S.R.S. missus (1704), 24 (293): 1707–1722 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1704.0034). Philippine Plants part 2: <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli de plantis Philippensibus scandentibus; pars secunda. Ad Jacobum Petiver, S.R.S. nuper transmissa (1704), 24 (294): 1763–1773 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1704.0042). Philippine Plants part 3: <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli de plantis Philippensibus scandentibus; pars tertia.Ad Jacobum Petiver, S.R.S. nuper transmissa (1704), 24 (295): 1809 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1704.0053). Philippine Plants part 4: Reverendi Patris <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli de plantis Philippensibus scandentibus; pars quarta. Ad dominum

masks:
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Josepho
Georgii
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Georg
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Georg
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Joseph


title: Georg Joseph Kamel

texts: Jacobum Petiver, S.R.S. nuper transmissa (1704), 24 (296): 1816–1842 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1704.0055). Philippine Fishes, Moluscs and Crustaceans: De piscibus, moluscis at crustaceis Philippensibus, ex manuscriptis reverendi Patris <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli ad dominum Jacobum Petiver, S.R.S. transmissis (1704), 24 (301): 2043–2080 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1704.0084).On fourlegged animals of the Philippines (including first ever picture of tarsier or flying lemur): De quadrupedibus Philippensibus tractatus a reverendo <mask> <mask> Camello transmissus Jacobo Petiver, pharmacopolae et Societatis Regiae socio Londini (1706), 25 (305): 2197–2204 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1706.0002). Philippine Monsters and Snakes: De monstris, quasi monstris et monstrosis; item de serpentibus, etc. Philippensibus ex manuscripto reverendi Patris <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli communicavit dominus Jacobus Petiver, pharmacopola Londini et S.R.S. (1706), 25 (307): 2266–2276 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1706.0019). Philippine Shells, Minerals and Fossils: De conchyliis turbinatis, bivalvibus et univalvibus; item de mineralibus, fossilibus et thermis Philippensibus, ex manuscriptis reverendi Patris <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli communicavit dominus Jacobus Petiver, pharmacopola Londini et S.R.S. (1706), 25 (311): 2397–2408 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1706.0043). Philippine Animals:De variis animalibus Philippensibus,

masks: Georg Joseph Georgio Josepho Georg Joseph Georg Joseph


title: Georg Joseph Kamel

texts:
 ex manuscriptis reverendi Patris <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli communicavit dominus Jacobus Petiver, pharmacopola Londini et S.R.S.(1708), 26 (318): 241–248 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1708.0037). Philippine Spiders and Beetles: De araneis et scarabaeis Philippensibus, ex manuscriptis reverendi Patris <mask>ii <mask>i Camelli communicavit dominus Jacobus Petiver, pharmacopola Londini et S.R.S. (1711), 27 (331): 310–315 (DOI:10.1098/rstl.1710.0025). Plants named after Kamel
Several plants were named in <mask>'s honour, though in his adopted homeland, the Philippines, he is mostly forgotten. Carl Linnaeus named the well known genus of flowering plants Camellia in <mask>'s honour. American botanist Elmer Drew Merrill named Eugenia kamelii after <mask>. See also
 List of Catholic clergy scientists

References

Literature

 Gicklhorn J. and Gicklhorn R. (1954) "<mask> <mask>, S. J.: Apotheker, botaniker, arzt und naturforscher der Philippineninseln", Eutin: Holstein Internationale Gesellschaft für Geschichte der Pharmazie.Kroupa, Sebestian (2015) "Ex epistulis Philippinensibus: <mask> <mask> SJ (1661–1706) and His Correspondence Network", Centaurus 57(4): 229–259. Murillo Velarde P. (1716) "Historia de la Provincia de Philipinas de la Compañia de Jesus. Segunda parte, que comprehende los progresos de esta provincia desde el año de 1616. Hasta el de 1716",

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Joseph
Georg
Joseph
Kamel
Kamel
Kamel
Georg Joseph
Kamel
Georg Joseph
Kamel


title: Georg Joseph Kamel

texts:
 Manila, pp. 393v-394r. External links
 A digital version of <mask>'s manuscript held in Leuven
Drawings from the Philippine Islands by Kamel

1661 births
1706 deaths
People from Brno in health professions
People from the Margraviate of Moravia
Czech Jesuits
17th-century Latin-language writers
17th-century Bohemian people
Botanists active in the Philippines
Roman Catholic missionaries in the Philippines
Czech botanists
Czech ornithologists
Czech Roman Catholic missionaries
Scientists from Brno
Herbalists
Czech pharmacists
Pre-Linnaean botanists
Catholic clergy scientists
17th-century Jesuits
Czech expatriates in the Philippines
Jesuit scientists
Missionary botanists
Clergy from


title: Kersti Kaljulaid

texts:
<mask> (; born 30 December 1969) is an Estonian politician who served as the fifth president of Estonia, from 2016 to 2021. She was the first female head of state of Estonia since the country declared independence in 1918, as well as the youngest president, aged 46 at the time of her election. <mask> is a former state official, serving as Estonia's representative in the European Court of Auditors from 2004 until 2016. After several unsuccessful rounds of Estonian presidential elections in 2016, <mask> was nominated on 30 September 2016 by the majority of parliamentary parties as a joint candidate for president, as the only official candidate for that round. <mask> was voted president on 3 October 2016, with 81 votes and 17 abstentions. Early life and education
In 1987, <mask> graduated from Tallinn Secondary School no. 44.During her studies there, she was a member of the Students' Scientific Association, specializing in ornithology. In 1992, she graduated from University of Tartu cum laude as a biologist. She is a member of Estonian female student corporation, Filiae Patriae. In 2001, she graduated from the University of Tartu with an MBA in business management. Her thesis was titled as "Riigi poolt asutatud sihtasutuste juhtimissüsteemi täiustamine" or "The improvement of the management system of state-founded foundations" in English. Career

Business career
From 1996 to 1997 <mask> was a sales manager in state-owned telecom Eesti Telefon and from 1997 to 1998 a project manager in Hoiupanga Investeeringute AS. From 1998 to 1999 she was employed in Hansabank's investment banking division Hansabank Markets.From 1999 to 2002, Kaljulaid worked as the economic advisor of Estonian Prime Minister Mart Laar. From 2002 to 2004, she was the director of Iru Power Plant, a subsidiary of the state-owned energy company Eesti Energia. She was the first woman to lead a power plant in Estonia. In 2004, when

masks:
Kersti Kaljulaid
Kaljulaid
Kaljulaid
Kaljulaid
Kaljulaid
Kaljulaid


title: Kersti Kaljulaid

texts:
 Estonia joined the European Union, Kaljulaid was appointed the country's representative at the European Court of Auditors. Since 2011, Kaljulaid has been the chairperson of the board of the University of Tartu. Political career

Kaljulaid has defined herself as a liberal conservative. She has spoken in support of strong civil society with less state interference, whilst placing high importance on helping those in need.She holds liberal views on social issues such as LGBT rights and immigration. She has often published opinion pieces in Estonian media, considering the position of Estonia in the European Union and on social and economical matters. Additionally, she has been a regular participant in political analysis programmes of Radio Kuku, e.g. "Keskpäevatund". From 2001 to 2004, <mask> was a member of the political party Pro Patria Union, a predecessor of the current Pro Patria and Res Publica Union, yet did not run in the elections. As <mask>'s term as a member of the European Court of Auditors was due to end on 7 May 2016, she was confirmed as the next head of PRAXIS Center for Policy Studies in November 2015. Although the Estonian government should have proposed her replacement in the court by 7 February 2016, it still had not managed to do so by the end of her term, so she remained in the position.On 19 September 2016, the freshly founded Development Monitoring Advisory Board at the chancellery of Estonian Parliament voted Kaljulaid to be its chair. After several failed attempts to elect a new president in August and September 2016, a so-called "council of elders" of the Riigikogu, comprising the speaker, vice-speakers, and leaders of most parliamentary parties, asked Kaljulaid if she would be willing to stand for president. With her consent, the "council of elders" proposed her as the only potential presidential candidate to be put before the members of the Riigikogu on 3 October 2016. Her

masks: Kaljulaid Kaljulaid


title: Kersti Kaljulaid

texts: candidacy was officially registered on 30 September. Riigikogu Speaker Eiki Nestor said that Kaljulaid undoubtedly had the required 68 votes from the 101-member Riigikogu, but the exact number remained to be seen. Ultimately her candidacy was supported by 90 Riigikogu MPs. She won the elections by 81 votes with 17 abstainers and no votes against her; the parliamentary party that had publicly declared not to support her was EKRE which had only 7 votes.Under the Constitution, the president is a ceremonial figure without even nominal executive power; the Constitution explicitly vests executive power in the Government. Nonetheless, <mask>'s election was seen as historic, as she was the first female head of state in the country's history. The main objection raised repeatedly during her candidacy by media as well as politicians and street polls was her being relatively unknown, compared to the candidates that had participated in the campaign. She confronted the objection in her public letter and during several interviews by promising to become visible across the country, visiting different areas and talking to the people directly. In mid-October 2016, the first conducted survey showed Kaljulaid's approval rating at 73%. In 2020, the Estonian government nominated <mask> as its candidate to succeed Angel Gurría in the position of Secretary-General of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) for a five-year term. In January 2021, <mask> announced that she had withdrawn her candidacy, citing consultations that led her to believe that accepting the position at the end of her first term as president amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Estonia would "not be the best solution."She had just advanced to the second round of the interview process. On 21 January 2021, the opposition Social Democratic Party announced that they would support <mask> should she run for a second term in the 2021

masks: Kaljulaid Kaljulaid Kaljulaid Kaljulaid


title: Kersti Kaljulaid

texts:
 Estonian presidential election. Had she been nominated by the government of Prime Minister Kaja Kallas as its presidential candidate in the election, this would have given her enough votes to be elected by the Riigikogu. By June 2021, it was stated that the government had "cooled" on the prospective of <mask> serving a second term as president, finding her too polarizing. Nevertheless, <mask> later confirmed that she would stand as a candidate for a second term in the election. However, she did not receive enough endorsements from MPs to be eligible; the Constitution requires presidential candidates to be nominated by at least 21 MPs in order to stand. Recognition

In 2017, <mask> became the first Estonian to be featured in the Forbes magazine's list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women, placed at 78th, and came twenty second among the most influential female political leaders.Personal life
Kaljulaid has a daughter and a son from her first marriage. She is also a grandmother of three. Kaljulaid's second husband is Georgi-Rene Maksimovski; they have two sons. Kaljulaid's half-brother, Estonian Social Democratic Party politician Raimond <mask>, served as the Elder of Põhja-Tallinn district from 2016 to 2019, and was later elected to the Riigikogu in 2019. Besides Estonian, Kaljulaid is fluent in English, Finnish, French and to a certain extent, Russian. Honours

National honour
 Grand Master and Collar of the Order of the National Coat of Arms (10 October 2016)
 Grand Master of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana
 Grand Master of the Order of the White Star
 Grand Master of the Order of the Cross of the Eagle
 Grand Master of the Order of the Estonian Red Cross

Foreign honours
 Grand Star of the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (26 May 2021)
 Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the White Rose, Finland (7 March 2017)
 Knight Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of


title: Kersti Kaljulaid

texts:
 Merit of the Italian Republic, Italy (5 June 2018)
 Commander Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of the Three Stars, Latvia (8 April 2019)
 Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion, Netherlands (12 June 2018)
 Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry, Portugal (16 April 2019)
 Collar of the Order of the Star of Romania (16 June 2021)
 Recipient of the Order for Exceptional Merits, Slovenia (2 September 2019)
 Recipient of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 1st class (2021)

Awards
 In 2009, European Movement Estonia awarded Kaljulaid with the European of the Year title. In 2014, the Open Estonia Foundation awarded her the Award of Unity for her analyses and comments explaining the function of European Union for Estonian audiences.In 2020, the Estonian LGBT Association awarded her the Rainbow Hero Award (vikerkaarekangelase auhind), for her public support of the gay community in Estonia. See also
List of official overseas trips made by <mask> Kaljulaid
2016 Estonian presidential election
Raimond Kaljulaid

References

External links

 Estonia: Parlt parties voice support of Kaljulaid's candidacy The Baltic Times, 28 September 2016. "President <mask> <mask>'s Interview for Finnish Business Newspaper Kauppalehti: 'Digital' Supports a Return to Growth". Estonian Investment Agency, 29 November 2016. "Estonia ‘not afraid’ to be on Nato frontline, president says". Financial Times, 9 February 2017. Lally Weymouth: "‘Russia is a threat’: Estonia frets about its neighbor".The Washington Post, 24 March 2017 (Interview with <mask> <mask>)
"Biography | President", Office of the President of Estonia, 3 August 2017. 1969 births
Estonian women in politics
Female heads of state
Living people
Politicians from Tartu
Presidents of Estonia
Women presidents
University of Tartu alumni
21st-century Estonian politicians
21st-century Estonian women politicians
Recipients of the Order of Prince Yaroslav the

masks: Kersti Kersti Kaljulaid Kersti Kaljulaid


title: Miguel del Valle

texts:
<mask> (born July 24, 1951) is an American politician and the former City Clerk of Chicago. He was an Illinois State Senator for two decades, representing the 2nd District of Chicago from 1987–2006. <mask> lost his bid for mayor in Chicago's February 22, 2011 municipal elections, coming in third with 53,953 votes. He took office as the President of the Chicago Board of Education on June 26, 2019, having been appointed to that position by Mayor Lori Lightfoot. Personal life and early career

<mask> was born in Puerto Rico and was brought to Chicago at the age of four by his parents. He grew up in the predominantly working class Latina/o West Town and Humboldt Park  neighborhoods of Chicago. After graduating from Tuley High School (now Roberto Clemente Community Academy) in 1969, he went on to Northeastern Illinois University.At Northeastern <mask> was a student organizer, joining the Union for Puerto Rican Students and serving as treasurer. He was also President of the Spanish Action Youth Committee during his early college days. After earning a bachelor's and a master's degree in Education and Guidance from Northeastern, <mask> served as Unit Director of the Barreto Boys & Girls Club and then as Executive Director of the Association House, a non-profit organization providing social services and educational programs on Chicago's northwest side. During his time as Executive Director of the Association House, <mask> was heralded by the Chicago Tribune as an "emerging young leader." In 1982, after organizing meetings, rallies, and lobbying Chicago's Chicago City Council, <mask> was successful in re-instating city funding for Association House's successful jobs program for unemployed youth. <mask> is married to Lupe, and has four children: <mask>., Ivan, Esteban, and Vanessa. Senate career
In 1987, <mask> was elected the first Hispanic Senator in the Illinois General Assembly after he defeated Edward Nedza in the Democratic primary.He was the Assistant Majority Leader in the Illinois Senate, and he was the first Latino to hold that position. He served as an outspoken advocate for Latino representation in the legislative and judicial branches of

masks:
Miguel del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle
del Valle
del Valle
del Valle
del Valle
Del Valle
Miguel Jr
del Valle


title: Miguel del Valle

texts: government. He was the Co-Chair of the Illinois Legislative Latino Caucus and was the first Latino member of the Illinois Legislative Black Caucus. His leadership in redistricting cases in 1981, 1991, and 2001 led to the creation of Latino majority districts on the city, county, and state levels. <mask> sponsored legislation to protect homeowners by stopping the forgery of quitclaim deeds which is the process of transferring the title or deed of property to another individual or company. He has also sponsored legislation to provide harsher punishment for ATM crimes; provide Illinois with more Early Childhood Teachers; provide comprehensive health coverage for every child in Illinois; and increase funding for Advanced Placement courses in Illinois high schools. <mask> is the founder of the Illinois Association of Hispanic State Employees (IAHSE).He is the co-founder of several Latino organizations, including the Illinois Latino Advisory Council on Higher Education (ILACHE); the Alliance of Latinos and Jews; and the Illinois Hispanic Democratic Council (IHDC). He also developed the annual Department of Children and Family Services Hispanic Families Conference. <mask> was the  Vice-Chairman of the Education Committee, Co-Chairman of the Senate Select Committee on Education Funding Reform and the Illinois Legislative Latino Caucus. He also served on the Senate Executive Committee, the Senate Labor Committee, and the Higher Education Committee. In the 2006 Illinois primary elections, <mask> received local media attention for his support of Ramon Ocasio III for judge over the Cook County Democratic Party-endorsed candidate, Ed Lechowicz, son of former Cook County Commissioner and Illinois State Senator Ted Lechowicz. <mask>, who sponsored legislation to create the subcircuit system, stated that the system was created to give women and minorities the opportunity to serve on the bench. <mask> was the first Latino male elected to the Illinois Democratic State Central Committee, where he served a four-year term.In 2008, <mask> served as an elected Obama delegate at the Democratic National Convention in Denver, where he had a speaking role. <mask>

masks:
Del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle
del Valle
Del Valle


title: Miguel del Valle

texts:
 established the Miguel del Valle Youth Leadership Development Foundation, which raised and distributed over $200,000 in support of numerous youth services. City clerk
In 2006, <mask> <mask> was appointed City Clerk of Chicago by Mayor Richard M. Daley after the previous clerk, James Laski, was indicted on federal charges. <mask> won a citywide election to the post in 2007, becoming the first Latino elected to the Chicago City Clerk's office. As city clerk, <mask>'s office is responsible for maintaining official city government records, distributing approximately 1.3 million vehicle stickers and residential parking permits, and issuing city business licenses. Clerk <mask> is focused on bringing more efficiency and visibility to city clerk services by providing greater access to public records, including web casting of City Council meetings, expanding community outreach programs, modernizing operations to expedite the sale of dog registrations, city stickers and residential parking. Significant City Council transparency efforts include  posting nearly 700,000 pages of searchable City Council records to the City Clerk website, www.ChiCityClerk.com.This includes every ordinance passed since 1981, the Byrne Administration, as well as city budgets and Mayoral Executive orders going back nearly 30 years. In addition, for the first time ever, City Council meetings can be watched live or on demand via a City Council video archive on the City Clerk website, www.ChiCityClerk.com. Campaign for mayor

After Mayor Daley announced that he would not run for another term, <mask> was the first to declare his candidacy in the 2011 Chicago mayoral election. He was the first candidate to air a campaign ad on television, the first to have a website and Facebook page, and the first (and only) candidate to publicly declare he would not accept campaign contributions from companies that do business with the city. <mask> ran a grassroots campaign, which was energetic, but underfunded. <mask> ran as a reformer, taking stands on issues such as campaign finance reform and advocating increased powers for the city's inspector general. <mask>'s campaign strategy focused on the

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Miguel del
Valle
Del Valle
del Valle
del Valle
del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle


title: Miguel del Valle

texts:
 city's neighborhoods, and sought to portray him as an individual who would foster ground-up change focused on working with and working in the city's communities.He hoped to mobilize enough progressives across the city to participate in his campaign to allow him to run successfully despite having a low budget. He also sought to project a "man of the people" image, emphasizing his Latino identity and his ties to the city. He also touted his record from his tenure as a state senator. On the issue of schools, <mask> supported an eventual transition to an elected school board with districts, a stance which contrasted with Gery Chico, Rahm Emanuel, and Carol Moseley Braun's opposition to an elected school board. He supported lengthening both the school day and school year. He also supported negotiating with the Chicago Teachers Union a stronger system for teacher evaluation. Of the top four candidates running, his stances were the most in-line with those of the Chicago Teachers Union.While <mask> sought to garner Latino support, he ran at a deficit to fellow Hispanic candidate Gery Chico in garnering Latino support. However, he received the endorsements Hispanic politicians such as Rey Colón, William Delgado, Jesús "Chuy" García, Elizabeth Hernandez, Edwin Reyes, and Cynthia Soto. <mask> also won the endorsements of Robyn Gabel, Northside Democracy for America and Independent Voters of Illinois-Independent Precinct Organization. <mask>'s campaign lacked funds. He was only able to raise less than $132,000 in donations. He was only able to produce single televised advertisement campaign. Despite his efforts, the grassroots support his campaign strategy had been counting on failed to materialize.In the election he came in third in a field of six, with about nine percent of the vote. In his concession speech he promised to continue to push for a progressive agenda, though he would soon leave office as City Clerk. Career after elected office
<mask> was also appointed by Illinois Governor Pat Quinn on February 8, 2013, to a five-year term on the Illinois Commerce Commission ("ICC"). The ICC's mission is to balance the interests of consumers and utilities

masks:
del Valle
del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle
Del Valle


title: Miguel del Valle

texts:
 to ensure adequate, efficient, reliable, safe, and least-cost public utility services, while promoting the development of an effectively competitive energy supplier market. The ICC also oversees transportation activities, including railroad safety, trucking insurance and registration, relocation and safety towing, and household goods moving companies. He took office as the President of the Chicago Board of Education on June 26, 2019, having been appointed to that position by Mayor Lori Lightfoot. Additional leadership roles
<mask> is a founding member of Advance Illinois and served on the Board of Directors until 2016.He was appointed by Illinois Governor Pat Quinn to the Illinois P-20 Council where he served as Chairman. Additionally <mask> served on several non-profit organizational boards, including Josephinium High School, the Latino Institute, the Spanish Coalition for Housing, and Federation for Community Schools. In 2013, <mask> was appointed by Governor Pat Quinn to the Illinois Students Assistance Commission ("ISAC"), where he served as Vice-Chairman. ISAC's mission is making college accessible and affordable for Illinois students. <mask> has served on the Judicial Candidate Screening Advisory Committee established by Chief Justice Mary Jane Theis of the Illinois Supreme Court. He has also served as Chairman of the Mayor Harold Washington's Advisory Commission on Latino Affairs, and taught a class at Roosevelt University called "Latinos and Public Policy." In 2008, <mask> was awarded an honorary degree from National Louis University for his "inspirational leadership."References

External links
<mask> for Mayor
<mask> <mask> — Chicago City Clerk
<mask> <mask> — Illinois General Assembly
Senator <mask> <mask> — Project Vote Smart

1951 births
American politicians of Puerto Rican descent
Puerto Rican people in Illinois politics
City and town clerks
Living people
Illinois Democrats
Illinois state senators
Northeastern Illinois University alumni
People from Vega Baja, Puerto Rico
Politicians from Chicago
Hispanic and Latino American politicians
Hispanic and Latino American state legislators in Illinois
Presidents of the Chicago Board of

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title: Don Baum

texts:
<mask> (1922–2008) was an American curator, artist and educator, most known as a key impresario and promoter of the Chicago Imagists, a group of artists that had an enduring impact on American art in the later twentieth century. Described by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago (MCA) as "an indispensable curator of the Chicago school," Baum was known for lively and irreverent exhibitions that offered fresh perspectives combining elements of Surrealism and Pop and that broke down barriers between schooled and untrained, or so-called outsider artists. From 1956 to 1972, <mask> was exhibitions director at Chicago's Hyde Park Art Center. It was there, in the 1960s, that he became involved with a group of young artists he exhibited as "Hairy Who" that later expanded to become the Chicago Imagists. That group included Ed Paschke, Jim Nutt, Roger Brown, Gladys Nilsson, and Karl Wirsum. Baum mounted two major shows at the MCA that featured the emerging artists in their first museum exhibitions: "Don Baum Sez: 'Chicago Needs Famous Artists'" (1969) and "Made in Chicago" (1973), which shaped a vision of Chicago's art world as a place of meticulous craftsmanship and vernacular inspiration. Baum's curatorial and artistic work was widely covered in publications including: Artforum, Art in America, ARTnews, Art Magazine, Time, Newsweek, New Art Examiner, Chicago Tribune, Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Daily News, and the New York Times.His own art work is part of major public collections, including National Museum of American Art, The Art Institute of Chicago, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, among many. In addition to his curatorial work and artistic production, <mask> was a longtime educator at several Chicago institutions, notably Roosevelt University (1948–1984). Life and career
<mask> was born <mask> <mask> in Escanaba,

masks:
Don Baum
Baum
Baum
Baum
Charles Donald
Baum


title: Don Baum

texts:
 Michigan. He attended Michigan State College before coming to Chicago in the early 1940s to pursue his interest in art, initially at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and then at the University of Chicago where he studied art history and earned a PhD in 1947. As a young artist, Baum participated in the influential Art Institute of Chicago (AIC) student-led Momentum Exhibits of the late 1940s and early 1950s; his work was also chosen for more than ten of AIC's prestigious "Chicago and Vicinity" surveys, beginning in 1946, and later included in the traveling show "Twenty-Five Chicago Artists" (1963). In the 1950s, <mask> was teaching at Roosevelt University and the Hyde Park Art Center, where he was named exhibitions director in 1956. It was here that he became increasingly visible in the 1960s and 1970s as a promoter of a figurative "Chicago School" of art that ran counter to the prevailing abstract current of New York City.Critic Franz Schulze would later say, "He became a little empire to himself...not so much an artist as an impresario." During that time, <mask>'s influence expanded as he served on the Board of Trustees of the MCA in Chicago (1974-1986) and as chairman of its Exhibitions Committee (1974–79). Throughout this time, Baum continued to develop his own art, which he exhibited extensively. <mask> died in Evanston, Illinois, in October 2008 at the age of 86. The Hairy Who and Chicago Imagists
In 1964, <mask> was approached at the Hyde Park Art Center by artists Jim Nutt, Gladys Nilsson and James Falconer about a group exhibit. They put together a show that also included Art Green, Suellen Rocca and Karl Wirsum, titled "Hairy Who" (1966), an off-handed inside joke about local art critic, Harry Bouras. The six artists showed there together twice more (1967 and 1968).The informal group, and Baum, received

masks: Baum Baum Baum Baum


title: Don Baum

texts:
 national attention, with subsequent shows at the San Francisco Art Institute, the School of Visual Arts in New York, and the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. Baum continued to organize notable shows there such as "Nonplussed Some" and "False Image" (1968), and "Marriage, Chicago Style" (1970), with an expanded group of artists. By the early 1970s, the Hairy Who artists came to be known collectively as the Chicago Imagists, a name critic Franz Schulze is also credited with coining. Their work was generally figurative, quirky and personal, and shared an interest in the surreal, the grotesque, the fantastical, and "low," folk, or outsider culture. Members of this (also informal) "group" included Ed Paschke, Roger Brown, Christina Ramberg, Barbara Rossi, Irving Petlin, Kerig Pope, and Ray Yoshida, among others. The group was the subject of a 2014 documentary by director Leslie Buchbinder, Hairy Who and the Chicago Imagists. Art

As an artist, Baum initially focused on painting, but turned to assemblage art, using doll parts and other found objects, in work that was often overtly political, particularly during the 1960s.In his later years, he focused on crafting small houses out of old paint-by-number pictures and other pieces. <mask>'s work fits in with the Chicago Imagists, as well as the so-called "Monster Roster" of the 1950s and 1960s, an influential precursor group to the Imagists in Chicago. The Monster Roster was given its name in 1959 by Franz Schulze due to their existentialist, sometimes gruesome, semi-mystical figurative work. Many of them were influenced by psychoanalysis, Baum included: "My dependence on intuition, the sort of experimentation which led to discovering my images...came directly out of that kind of psychoanalytic experience." The Monster Roster was recognized in a major exhibition and book by the


title: Don Baum

texts:
 Smart Museum of Art, which examined its history and impact on the development of American art. Along with Baum, artists in the group included Leon Golub, Cosmo Campoli, George Cohen, Theodore Halkin, June Leaf, Arthur Lerner, Seymour Rosofsky, Nancy Spero, and H. C. Westermann, among others. Baum first gained notice for disturbing assemblage works featuring bones and cast-off dolls and doll parts, such as The Babies of della Robbia (1965), now part of the MCA's permanent collection.The work references 15th-century Italian sculptor Andrea della Robbia's architectural decorations in relief finished, substituting broken dolls for the putti typical of his work. <mask> participated in exhibitions in the 1960s that criticized and protested the Vietnam War, with works such as his disturbing portrait of then-President Lyndon Baines Johnson, L.B.J. (1967–68). In 1979, after a period of artistic inactivity, Baum began creating new works after seeing photographs of thatched structures built by boat people from Southeast Asia. The series, his last key one, called Domus, featured small houses made from disparate elements such as cutting boards, Chinese-checker sets, and paintings of Jesus. Baum exhibited his work in solo exhibitions at the John L. Hunt (1965), Betsy Rosenfield (several, 1980–1992) and Carl Hammer (1999) galleries in Chicago, Galerie Darthea Speyer (1985) in Paris, and at institutions including the Hyde Park Art Center (1961, 1981), Madison Art Center, Illinois State Museum, and Krannert Art Museum (all 1988), among others. Education career
<mask> served at many Chicago educational institutions over an education career of more than 45 years.He began as a Professor of Art at Roosevelt University in 1948, where he continued teaching until 1984. He served there as Chairman of the Art Department (1970–84). Baum also taught

masks: Baum Baum


title: Don Baum

texts:
 painting at the Hyde Park Art Center (1955–1965), and taught painting and drawing at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (1993–6). Collections
<mask>'s art is represented in numerous public and private collections, including those of: The Art Institute of Chicago, Brauer Museum of Art, Fonds National d'Art Contemporain (Paris), Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Hallmark Cards (Kansas City), Illinois Collections (State of Illinois Center), Illinois State Museum, Madison Art Center, Milwaukee Art Museum, National Museum of American Art, Smart Museum of Art, Weatherspoon Art Museum, and Racine Art Museum. Legacy
Baum launched the careers of many artists who became nationally and internationally known, and helped establish the notion of a Chicago counter-narrative to the privileged art narratives of his time. Art world figures in Chicago noted Baum's lasting significance at his passing. Chuck Thurow, executive director of the Hyde Park Art Center at the time, said, "He had an amazing eye for innovative, new artists that other people hadn't seen."The MCA called him a vital part of Chicago's art community for over fifty years. Tony Jones, Chancellor at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, said, "<mask> really believed that Chicago had a vibrant art culture, that there were terrific artists in Chicago and that people should stay here." According to gallery owner Carl Hammer., who showed Baum's work, "He was one of the best promoters of Chicago art that Chicago has seen." References

External links
 Archives of American Art, <mask>um oral history interview, 1986. Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Don-Baum-In-Memoriam

Artists from Chicago
20th-century American artists
Artists from Illinois
University of Chicago alumni
School of the Art Institute of Chicago alumni
20th-century American educators
1922 births
2008

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Baum
Don
Don Ba


title: Michael Masley

texts:
<mask> (born September 22, 1952 in Trenton, Michigan, United States) is known for his musical work on the Hungarian cymbalom. His unique method of playing the instrument comes from his invention of the bowhammer, a cross between a fiddle bow and a dulcimer hammer, attached to the finger with a ring. Since 1983, <mask> has made his living as a street musician, busking and selling cassette and CD recordings on the streets of Berkeley, San Francisco, and other San Francisco Bay Area locations. <mask> describes his music as "earth-folk", "a contemporary Afro-Celtic variation of Free World and Country Eastern music.". Others have categorized his music as new-age or world music. One musician has described <mask>'s bowhammer style of cymbalom playing as generating "a turkish steambath of overtones". Career
<mask> studied creative writing at Northwestern Michigan College in the early 1970s.Starting in 1973 he studied hammered dulcimer with Robert Spinner. He played traditional two-hammer dulcimer until 1979, when he developed a ten-hammer technique, presumably by attaching one hammer to each finger. In the winter of 1981, <mask> was a caretaker for an isolated fishing lodge in northern Michigan, and spent some of his time there with musical experimentation. At that point, he experimented with attaching horsehair to his fingers in order to bow at dulcimer strings. In 1981, he sometimes worked as a street musician in Ann Arbor, Michigan. In 1982, he ordered a cymbalom from William Webster in Detroit, Michigan and moved to Palo Alto, California. In 1983, he developed the bowhammer, and began working with guitarist Barry Cleveland as the duo "Thin Ice", releasing albums in 1984 and 1985.In 1995, <mask> formed part of a new quintet, named "Cloud Chamber". Other members included Barry Cleveland, bassist <mask>, cellist Dan Reiter and percussionist Joe Venegoni. The members of Cloud Chamber met through "The Lodge", an incorporeal musical concept channeled

masks:
Michael Masley
Masley
Masley
Masley
Masley
Masley
Masley
Michael Manring


title: Michael Masley

texts:
 primarily through Barry Cleveland which manifests through musical events attended by three or more members of "the Tribe," a permeable-boundary group of improvising Bay Area musicians. Cloud Chamber released a CD, Dark Matter, in 1998. Since at least 1993, during certain shows and conventions, especially computer and technology shows, <mask> sets up as a street musician in front of San Francisco's Moscone Center and the adjacent Metreon. In 2004, security guards at Sony's Metreon were preparing to displace <mask> from playing in front of the facility during the Apple MacWorld event, but listeners in the vicinity convinced them to allow him to remain. In 2005, <mask> contacted the Metreon prior to MacWorld to ensure he would be able to perform there unimpeded.During the 2005 show, a Metreon executive inquired if he could be hired for private performances. <mask> has taken on the self-appointed title and persona of Artist General (along the lines of a Surgeon General) and claims to represent the interests of artists, issuing pronouncements such as "Conformity is addictive: don't abuse it". Berkeley
In 1985, <mask> moved to Berkeley, California and began to record his solo albums. In 1993, <mask> was arrested in Berkeley for selling audio cassette recordings without a business license. According to the East Bay Express of February 17, 1995, at the time of his arrest <mask> told authorities "Go to Fremont or Hayward, this is Berkeley...this place is spiritual, and a business license is not a spiritual option." <mask> spent one night in jail, and thereafter apparently continued vending without further citations or arrests. In 2002, <mask> served as Grand Marshal of the How Berkeley Can You Be?parade. As of 2007, <mask> can frequently be seen playing all over Berkeley, particularly on Telegraph Avenue. Geronimo: An American Legend
In 1993, Ry Cooder arranged to have <mask> record music for the soundtrack of the film Geronimo: An American Legend.

masks: Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley


title: Michael Masley

texts:
 When the soundtrack album was issued, <mask>'s name did not appear in the credits. His soundtrack contributions were later used in the broadcast of the 1994 Winter Olympics, on an HBO program, and on Entertainment Tonight, with <mask> receiving neither royalties nor credit. <mask> took legal action, resulting in an out-of-court settlement and a letter of vindication signed by Robert E. Holmes of Sony Pictures' music division. <mask> described the case in an article titled "Credit is Not Negotiable" which appeared in Musician; in the article, <mask> states "To gain access to an audience, artists make compromises that few executives would ask of anyone in the usual labor-for-wages domain.The upshot is that fair compensation must be measured in credit as well as dollars. Recognition is not a mere vanity issue. It is part and parcel of payment." Perhaps ironically, significant portions of the settlement were later spent buying Sony audio equipment. Instrument design
His unique method of playing the instrument comes from his invention of the bowhammer, a cross between a fiddle bow and a dulcimer hammer, attached to the finger with a ring. The bowhammers, one worn on each finger except thumbs, allow <mask> to bow, strike, and pick the cymbalom's strings. These bowhammers, along with a pick on each thumb, allow for the creation of unique musical effects and highly complicated music.Cymbaloms are most commonly played with two dulcimer hammers, one held in each hand. While playing with eight bowhammers and two thumb picks, <mask> has been known also to use pan pipes attached to a neck bracket, as well as rhythm instruments such as shakers and rattles attached to his legs. In addition to the bowhammer, <mask> has invented several musical instruments or modifications to existing instruments. These tend to be constructed from mass-produced consumer materials, such as rubber bands and suction cups, often coupled to traditional instruments such as drums.

masks: Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley Masley


title: Michael Masley

texts:
 can be individually adjusted. The lid can be flexed, which will bend the pitch. While many stringed instruments can pitch bend, others bend along only one direction, altering the pitch of only a single set of strings, and by changing the tension of all strings together, their musical interval relationships stay constant. By having two courses of strings which are not parallel, the pitch bending changes the tonal relationships between the two sets of strings. If the instrument is flexed parallel to one set of strings, that set of strings remains unaltered, but the perpendicular set of strings deepens in pitch. If the instrument is flexed at an angle to both sets of strings, the pitch of both sets varies in a mathematically related fashion. Past a certain degree of flex, the two courses of strings touch and dampen each other, and the sounds produced by the spring dominate.L. Maxwell Taylor wrote about the Sonic Mess Kit in the September 1993 issue of Experimental Musical Instruments:

<mask>'s tunings also have a random character to them, as though no particular pitch matters to him, only that there be a multiplicity of the pitch. Yet there is a great precision to the relationship of the Sonic Mess Kit's random courses. They are somehow the aural equivalent of funhouse mirrors or comic page impressions on Silly Putty, preserving the contours of the images they reflect while radically altering the appearance of those images from moment-to-moment. The result: a pitch universe in which no stable center governs yet which, for all its randomness, demonstrates an elastic stability. Notable appearances
NPRs All Things Considered broadcast a segment on (August 15, 1995) and featured <mask> on All Songs Considered, an online music program (July 2001). A feature-length movie about <mask>, entitled Art Officially Favored featuring Steven Tyler, Joe Elliott, <mask> and Grand Mixer DXT, and produced and directed by Martin Yernazian, is planned for release in

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Masley
Masley
Masley
Michael Boddicker


title: Dale Fisher

texts:
<mask> FRACP (born 1960) is an Australian physician who specialises in Infectious Diseases and is a Senior Consultant in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the National University Hospital, Singapore. He is also a Professor of Medicine at the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (2004 -), the chair of the National Infection Prevention and Control Committee through the Ministry of Health, Singapore (2013 -), and chair of the steering committee of the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (2017 -) hosted by the World Health Organization. <mask> has written numerous peer-reviewed articles in medical journals. In addition, he is involved in numerous international medical committees and groups dealing with infectious diseases and outbreak response. He has published on various diseases, including melioidosis, Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT), Severe Acute Respiratory Disease (SARS), infection control in hospital settings especially as it relates to multi-drug-resistant pathogens and most recently COVID-19. During the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in China, <mask> was part of the World Health Organization's team that visited China to understand about the virus, and to guide the global response to the pandemic. In October 2021 he received the National Outstanding Clinician Award from Singapore's Minister of Health and soon after was listed in Singapore's Tattler Magazine as one of the most influential people of 2021.Early life and education

<mask> was born in Melbourne in 1960 but moved to Hobart, Tasmania in 1973 when his father (1926-2013) was appointed the Registrar of Motor Vehicles. His mother (1929-) was a nurse who worked shifts, in order to bring in a second income throughout <mask>'s schooling years. In 1976, he attended United World College of South East Asia in Singapore under a scholarship provided by the State and Federal Governments. <mask> received his Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree from the University of Tasmania in 1985 and became a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians (FRACP) in 1992, doing

masks:
Dale Andrew Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher


title: Dale Fisher

texts:
 most of his training at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney. His final year of training was in Darwin under the supervision of Professor Bart Currie. He moved to Singapore in 2003, after working more than a decade at the Royal Darwin Hospital in infectious diseases and general internal medicine. Career and research
<mask> began his career as a Staff Specialist Physician at the Royal Darwin Hospital (RDH) in 1993 specialising in Infectious Diseases, before progressing to become the Director of Division of Medicine.He came to Singapore in 2003, after responding to a call to assist with the SARS epidemic in Singapore. In 2006, he was appointed Clinical Director of Medicine at the National University Hospital, Singapore, where he maintained his strong commitment to general medicine as a clinician and a teacher, despite his work and experience as an infectious disease physician. In addition to his career in hospitals, <mask> is actively involved in the international medical community. He began his involvement in the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN) in 2009 as a training faculty in Laos, and has undertaken numerous operational and training missions as well as consultations in many countries through GOARN as well as bilateral arrangements. In response to H1N1 2009 outbreaks, he undertook missions as requested at the National level deploying to Malaysia, Mongolia, China and Myanmar. Likewise at the request of WHO and the Liberian Government he undertook missions for the Ebola response through 2014-5 which lead to a number of published reviews and commentaries relating to clinical care and infection prevention and control. He has participated in several WHO Guidelines Development Groups in infection control, including related to Ebola, measles and COVID-19.He currently sits as Chair of the GOARN Steering Committee and Chair of the National Infection Prevention and Control (NIPC) Committee in Singapore, and chairs the OPAT workgroup of the International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. In February 2020, <mask> was on the World Health Organization-led team that visited China to

masks: Fisher Fisher Fisher


title: Dale Fisher

texts:
 understand technical aspects of the COVID-19 virus; the severity, transmissibility and interventions that could guide the global response to the pandemic outbreak. He has published a little under 200 peer-reviewed papers in the medical literature and given around 100 plenary and invited presentations to scientific audiences. <mask> was also the infectious disease physician who attended to comedian Jerry Lewis, when the late comedian was admitted to hospital for meningitis while on tour in Darwin. Lewis, when interviewed by Larry King, said “God must have put him in “the bush” (aka Darwin) because Dr <mask> was the world's best infectious disease physician.”

Bali Bombings - 2002
The 2002 Bali bombings, which occurred in 12 October 2002 resulted in the death of 202 people and injuring many more. As the local hospital was ill-equipped to deal with the scale of disaster, many of the injured were evacuated to Darwin. Following the bombing, <mask> wrote an article titled “The Bali bombings of 12 October 2002: lessons in disaster management for physicians”, which was published in 2003.<mask>'s team highlighted that hospital-based physicians should see themselves as a sizeable and flexible group with the ability to contribute in a variety of ways during a disaster. The team noted that physicians could be deployed for alternate purposes outside of hospital, such as triage and hospital liaison, and should play a central role in the overall management of inpatient care. Such arrangements could free up surgeons, enabling them to provide immediate surgical care for the wounded. In addition, the team also found that heads of departments of Royal Darwin Hospital were adopting a military style of operation themselves, with those receiving the instructions accepted the directives willingly. It was also opined that the incident left a great impact on the hospital, where the medical team, together with the nurses, patient-care providers, as well as the greater medical community managed an extraordinary undertaking, by handling what was considered the biggest post-war disaster to be ever met by Australian hospitals.

masks: Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher


title: Dale Fisher

texts:
 This event would later be identified as significant in determining <mask>'s career pathway in outbreak response. SARS - 2003

During the SARS pandemic in 2003 in Singapore, <mask> with colleagues published several articles related to "Lessons from Singapore”.In these articles, it was described that SARS had demonstrated a remarkable efficiency in transmission within hospitals. In fact, 76% of SARS cases in Singapore were acquired in hospitals. They also looked at the circumstances that caused transmission within hospitals, despite the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The outbreak in hospitals resulted in dramatic changes in triage and infection-control policies. For instance, healthcare workers were required to monitor their temperatures three times a day. Those with a temperature of more than 37.5c would be removed from duty pending further evaluation. In addition, all patients with respiratory complaints or chest x-ray abnormalities would be isolated, screened for SARS contacts, and managed with full PPE.In a separate article titled “Atypical presentations of SARS” published in The Lancet, <mask> and colleagues examined the difficulties of managing SARS cases without a diagnostic test. This letter described how the World Health Organization's criteria for probable or suspected SARS case had been misinterpreted. It was intended for epidemiological purposes but instead were used for triage for which they were not sensitive enough. The article concluded that the atypical presentations of SARS pose a threat to patients, staff and visitors, and while the WHO's definition is a useful guide, it does not substitute for a thorough clinical, laboratory and radiological assessment of patients. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus - 2008

In dealing with the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) within hospitals in Singapore, <mask> has participated and lead many regional and national level workgroups and committees and was key in the national rollout of universal active surveillance for acute hospital admissions. In the article titled “Methicillin-resistant


title: Dale Fisher

texts:
 Staphylococcus aureus Control in Singapore– Moving Forward”, he described how MRSA infection in hospitals could be prevented and should not be considered as an accepted tolerable by-product of healthcare. Failure to implement long-term sustainable infection control initiatives is not an option.It was also concluded that the control of MRSA in Singapore could be achieved, but it required implementation of many varied control measures across health services, and possibly would take a decade to do so. Among many other papers on MRSA, in 2013 he published “Sustained MRSA control in a hyper-endemic tertiary acute care hospital with infrastructure challenges in Singapore”. It highlighted falls in bacteraemia, all clinical specimens as well as acquisition rates as a result of the previously described interventions. For their efforts in reducing the rate of MRSA superbug infection from 1 in 10 patients to 1 in 40, <mask> and his colleagues were awarded the National Clinical Excellence Team Award in 2013 by the Ministry of Health, Singapore. COVID-19 - 2019-present

During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which began in Wuhan, China, <mask> was part of the WHO delegation that visited China to investigate technical aspects of transmission, severity and interventions preventing spread of the emerging virus. The subsequent report outlined how the world could respond to the outbreak, but warned that the world was not prepared “in capacity or mindset”. He is also involved in many pilot projects that spearhead on research and response.In his article “Q&A: The novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19”, <mask> shared his concerns about the emerging virus. For instance, the world's population is completely vulnerable to the novel virus as it is newly emerged in humans, and the current aim of the global response is to flatten the epidemic curve, by interrupting chains of transmission wherever possible. It was also mentioned that while there are deaths that are linked to the virus, the greatest concern right now is the overwhelming of a health system in the wake of excessive transmission. <mask> is now well known to


title: Dale Fisher

texts:
 the media for commentary regarding COVID-19 offered through television, radio, print and social media in dozens of countries of every continent and outlets including CNN, CNBC, BBC, ABC Australia et cetera. In addition he undertakes many webinars and other virtual speaking engagements. His philosophy maintains that COVID-19 can and must be contained. The key outbreak pillars of case management epidemiology, logistics and risk communication/community engagement are critical at all levels.Isolation of cases that are confirmed early by testing is particularly important in this outbreak. As in some ways the public face of the response in Singapore, <mask> has featured in a comic series “The COVID Chronicles". Other publications
In addition, <mask> has particular expertise (and publications) in melioidosis and Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy,

Other selected publications by <mask> include:

 Earth, wind, rain and melioidosis
 Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) in Asia: Missing an Opportunity
 Medicine and the Future of Health: Reflecting on the Past to Forge Ahead
 Advances in prevention and treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus infection
 Antimicrobial Agents; Optimising the Ecologic Balance
 Infection prevention and control of the Ebola outbreak in Liberia, 2014-2015: key challenges and successes
 Progression from new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonisation to infection: an observational study in a hospital cohort
 An Outcomes Analysis of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT) in a large Asian cohort
 Endemic Melioidosis in Tropical Northern Australia: A 10-Year Prospective Study and Review of the Literature
 Hospital Care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders: Appropriateness and decision-making
 A Cost Analysis of Outpatient Parenteral Antibiotic Therapy (OPAT): An Asian Perspective
 Teaching Hand Hygiene to Medical Students using a Hands-On Approach

References

Living people
COVID-19 researchers
1960 births
National University of Singapore faculty
Fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Physicians
People educated at a United World


title: Tom Onslow-Cole

texts:
 to third through an off-track excursion. He was also strong in race 3, before being hit by Giovanardi, but recovered to finish third.He recorded another pole at Thruxton and followed this up with his first two wins of the season in races 1 and 2. He would go on to finish a career best sixth in the championship, scoring 170 points with two wins and nine podiums, including five podiums in succession. Team Aon (2009–2011)

Having been replaced at VX Racing by Andrew Jordan, he started 2009 without a drive. Onslow-Cole drove the medical car during the second BTCC meeting of the season, at Thruxton. Onslow-Cole was brought in by Team Aon to replace Alan Morrison ahead of the round at Croft, where he was due to drive the medical car once again. He had to use Morrison's race suit and seat. He rejoined the team later in the season for the final three rounds, before signing for the team full-time for 2010.In 2010 Team Aon's Fords are powered by liquefied petroleum gas, and Onslow-Cole was confident of a title push pre-season and the team claimed four of the season's first five pole positions. His first win of the season was awarded to him after Chilton was excluded from the results at Brands Hatch due to a technical infringement; holding off Gordon Shedden by 0.009 seconds, the closest finish in BTCC history. By midseason, other teams and drivers were complaining about their apparent straightline speed advantage. Onslow-Cole scored stronger results than team-mate <mask> early in the season, but in the first two races at Silverstone, Onslow-Cole moved over when leading to allow Chilton to take the victories. Chilton's father is responsible for the team's sponsorship from Aon Corporation, but


title: Django Reinhardt

texts:
<mask> (23 January 1910 – 16 May 1953), known by his Romani nickname <mask> ( or ), was a Belgian-born Romani-French jazz guitarist and composer. He was one of the first major jazz talents to emerge in Europe and has been hailed as one of its most significant exponents. With violinist Stéphane Grappelli, <mask> formed the Paris-based Quintette du Hot Club de France in 1934. The group was among the first to play jazz that featured the guitar as a lead instrument. <mask> recorded in France with many visiting American musicians, including Coleman Hawkins and Benny Carter, and briefly toured the United States with Duke Ellington's orchestra in 1946. He died suddenly of a stroke in 1953 at the age of 43. <mask>'s most popular compositions have become standards within gypsy jazz, including "Minor Swing", "Daphne", "Belleville", "Djangology", "Swing '42", and "Nuages".Jazz guitarist Frank Vignola claims that nearly every major popular-music guitarist in the world has been influenced by <mask>. Over the last few decades, annual Django festivals have been held throughout Europe and the U.S., and a biography has been written about his life. In February 2017, the Berlin International Film Festival held the world premiere of the French film Django. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on 23 January 1910 in Liberchies, Pont-à-Celles, Belgium, into a Belgian family of Manouche Romani descent. His father, Jean Eugene Weiss, domiciled in Paris with his wife, went by Jean-Baptiste <mask>, his wife's surname, to avoid French military conscription. His mother, <mask>, was a dancer. The

masks:
Jean Reinhardt
Django
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Laurence Reinhardt


title: Django Reinhardt

texts:
 birth certificate refers to "Jean Reinhart, son of Jean Baptiste Reinhart, artist, and Laurence Reinhart, housewife, domiciled in Paris".A number of authors have repeated the claim that <mask>'s nickname, <mask>, is Romani for "I awake"; however, it may also simply have been a diminutive, or local Walloon version, of "Jean". <mask> spent most of his youth in Romani encampments close to Paris, where he started playing the violin, banjo and guitar. He became adept at stealing chickens. His father reportedly played music in a family band comprising himself and seven brothers; a surviving photograph shows this band including his father on piano. <mask> was attracted to music at an early age, first playing the violin. At the age of 12 he received a banjo-guitar as a gift. He quickly learned to play, mimicking the fingerings of musicians he watched, who would have included local virtuoso players of the day such as Jean "Poulette" Castro and Auguste "Gusti" Malha, as well as from his uncle Guiligou, who played violin, banjo and guitar.<mask> was able to make a living playing music by the time he was 15, busking in cafés, often with his brother Joseph. At this time, he had not started playing jazz, although he had probably heard and had been intrigued by the version of jazz played by American expatriate bands like Billy Arnold's. He received little formal education and acquired the rudiments of literacy only in adult life. Marriage and injury
At the age of 17, <mask> married Florine "Bella" Mayer, a girl from the same Romani settlement, according to Romani custom (although not an

masks: Reinhardt Django Reinhardt Reinhardt Reinhardt Reinhardt


title: Django Reinhardt

texts: official marriage under French law). The following year he recorded for the first time. On these recordings, made in 1928, <mask> plays the "banjo" (actually the banjo-guitar) accompanying the accordionists Maurice Alexander, Jean Vaissade and Victor Marceau, and the singer Maurice Chaumel. His name was now drawing international attention, such as from British bandleader Jack Hylton, who came to France just to hear him play.Hylton offered him a job on the spot, and <mask> accepted. Before he had a chance to start with the band, however, <mask> nearly died. On the night of 2 November 1928, <mask> was going to bed in the wagon that he and his wife shared in the caravan. He knocked over a candle, which ignited the extremely flammable celluloid that his wife used to make artificial flowers. The wagon was quickly  engulfed in flames. The couple escaped, but <mask> suffered extensive burns over half his body. During his 18-month hospitalization, doctors recommended amputation for his badly damaged right leg.<mask> refused the surgery and was eventually able to walk with the aid of a cane. More crucial to his music, the fourth finger (ring finger) and fifth finger (little) of <mask>'s left hand were badly burned. Doctors believed that he would never play guitar again. <mask> applied himself intensely to relearning his craft, however, making use of a new guitar bought for him by his brother, <mask>, who was also an accomplished guitarist. While he never regained the use of those two fingers, <mask> regained his musical mastery by focusing on his left index and middle fingers,

masks:
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Reinhardt
Joseph Reinhardt
Reinhardt


title: Django Reinhardt

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 using the two injured fingers only for chord work. Within a year of the fire, in 1929, Bella Mayer gave birth to their son, Henri "Lousson" <mask>. Soon thereafter, the couple split up.The son eventually took the surname of his mother's new husband. As Lousson Baumgartner, the son himself became an accomplished musician who would go on to record with his biological father. Discovery of jazz
After parting from his wife and son, <mask> traveled throughout France, getting occasional jobs playing music at small clubs. He had no definite goals, living a hand-to-mouth existence,  spending his earnings as quickly as he made them. Accompanying him on his travels was his new girlfriend, Sophie Ziegler. Nicknamed "Naguine," she and <mask> were distant cousins. During the years after the fire, <mask> was rehabilitating and experimenting on the guitar that his brother had given him.After having played a broad spectrum of music, he was introduced to American jazz by an acquaintance, Émile Savitry, whose record collection included such musical luminaries as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Joe Venuti and Eddie Lang. (In 1928, Grappelli was a member of the orchestra at the Ambassador Hotel while bandleader Paul Whiteman and Joe Venuti were performing there. The swinging sound of Venuti's jazz violin and Eddie Lang's virtuosic guitar anticipated the more famous sound of <mask> and Grappelli's later ensemble.) Hearing their music triggered in <mask> a vision and goal of becoming a jazz professional. While developing his interest in jazz, <mask> met Stéphane Grappelli, a young

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 violinist with similar musical interests. He and Grappelli frequently jammed together, accompanied by a loose circle of other musicians. Formation of the quintet
From 1934 until the outbreak of World War II in 1939, <mask> and Grappelli worked together as the principal soloists of their newly formed quintet, the Quintette du Hot Club de France, in Paris.It became the most accomplished and innovative European jazz group of the period. <mask>'s brother Joseph and Roger Chaput also played on guitar, and Louis Vola was on bass. The Quintette was one of the few well-known jazz ensembles composed only of stringed instruments. In Paris on 14 March 1933, <mask> recorded two takes each of "Parce que je vous aime" and "Si, j'aime Suzy", vocal numbers with lots of guitar fills and guitar support. He used three guitarists along with an accordion lead, violin, and bass. In August 1934, he made other recordings with more than one guitar (<mask>, Roger Chaput, and <mask>), including the first recording by the Quintette. In both years the great majority of their recordings featured a wide variety of horns, often in multiples, piano, and other instruments, but the all-string instrumentation is the one most often adopted by emulators of the Hot Club sound.Decca Records in the United States released three records of Quintette tunes with <mask> on guitar, and one other, credited to "Stephane Grappelli & His Hot 4 with <mask> <mask>", in 1935. <mask> also played and recorded with many American jazz musicians, such as Adelaide Hall, Coleman Hawkins, Benny Carter, and Rex Stewart (who later

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 stayed in Paris). He participated in a jam session and radio performance with Louis Armstrong. Later in his career, <mask> played with Dizzy Gillespie in France. Also in the neighborhood was the artistic salon R-26, at which <mask> and Grappelli performed regularly as they developed their unique musical style. In 1938, <mask>'s quintet played to thousands at an all-star show held in London's Kilburn State auditorium. While playing, he noticed American film actor Eddie Cantor in the front row.When their set ended, Cantor rose to his feet, then went up on stage and kissed <mask>'s hand, paying no concern to the audience. A few weeks later the quintet played at the London Palladium. Second World War

When World War II broke out, the original quintet was on tour in the United Kingdom. <mask> returned to Paris at once, leaving his wife in the UK. Grappelli remained in the United Kingdom for the duration of the war. <mask> re-formed the quintet, with Hubert Rostaing on clarinet replacing Grappelli. While he tried to continue with his music, war with the Nazis presented <mask> with a potentially catastrophic obstacle, as he was a Romani jazz musician.Beginning in 1933, all German Romani were barred from living in cities, herded into settlement camps, and routinely sterilized. Romani men were required to wear a brown Gypsy ID triangle sewn on their chest, similar to the pink triangle that homosexuals wore, and much like the yellow Star of David that Jews had to subsequently wear. During the war, Romani were systematically killed in concentration camps. In France, they were used


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 <mask>, who became a respected guitarist. In 1943 the tide of war turned against the Germans, with a considerable darkening of the situation in Paris. Severe rationing was in place, and members of <mask>'s circle were being captured by the Nazis or joining the resistance. <mask>'s first attempt at escape from Occupied France led to capture.Fortunately for him, a jazz-loving German, Luftwaffe officer Dietrich Schulz-Köhn, allowed him to return to Paris. <mask> made a second attempt a few days later, but was stopped in the middle of the night by Swiss border guards, who forced him to return to Paris again. One of his tunes, 1940's "Nuages", became an unofficial anthem in Paris to signify hope for liberation. During a concert at the Salle Pleyel, the popularity of the tune was such that the crowd made him replay it three times in a row. The single sold over 100,000 copies. Unlike the estimated 600,000 Romani people who were interned and killed in the Porajmos, <mask> survived the war. United States tour

After the war, <mask> rejoined Grappelli in the UK.In the autumn of 1946, he made his first tour in the United States, debuting at Cleveland Music Hall as a special guest soloist with Duke Ellington and His Orchestra. He played with many musicians and composers, such as Maury Deutsch. At the end of the tour, <mask> played two nights at Carnegie Hall in New York City; he received a great ovation and took six curtain calls on the first night. Despite his pride in touring with Ellington (one of two letters to Grappelli relates his excitement), he was not fully integrated into

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 the band. He played a few tunes at the end of the show, backed by Ellington, with no special arrangements written for him. After the tour, <mask> secured an engagement at Café Society Uptown, where he played four solos a day, backed by the resident band. These performances drew large audiences.Having failed to bring his usual Selmer Modèle Jazz, he played on a borrowed electric guitar, which he felt hampered the delicacy of his style. He had been promised jobs in California, but they failed to develop. Tired of waiting, <mask> returned to France in February 1947. After the quintet
After his return, <mask> re-immersed himself in Romani life, finding it difficult to adjust to the postwar world. He sometimes showed up for scheduled concerts without a guitar or amplifier, or wandered off to the park or beach. On a few occasions he refused to get out of bed. <mask> developed a reputation among his band, fans, and managers as extremely unreliable.He skipped sold-out concerts to "walk to the beach" or "smell the dew." During this period he continued to attend the R-26 artistic salon in Montmartre, improvising with his devoted collaborator, Stéphane Grappelli. In Rome in 1949, <mask> recruited three Italian jazz players (on bass, piano, and snare drum) and recorded over 60 tunes in an Italian studio. He united with Grappelli, and used his acoustic Selmer-Maccaferri. The recording was issued for the first time in the late 1950s. Back in Paris, in June 1950, <mask> was invited to join an entourage to welcome the return of Benny Goodman. He also attended a reception for Goodman,

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 who, after the war ended, had asked <mask> to join him in the U.S. Goodman repeated his invitation and, out of politeness, <mask> accepted.However, <mask> later had second thoughts about what role he could play alongside Goodman, who was the "King of Swing", and remained in France. Final years

In 1951, <mask> retired to Samois-sur-Seine, near Fontainebleau, where he lived until his death. He continued to play in Paris jazz clubs and began playing electric guitar. (He often used a Selmer fitted with an electric pickup, despite his initial hesitation about the instrument.) In his final recordings, made with his Nouvelle Quintette in the last few months of his life, he had begun moving in a new musical direction, in which he assimilated the vocabulary of bebop and fused it with his own melodic style. On 16 May 1953, while walking from the Gare de Fontainebleau–Avon Station after playing in a Paris club, he collapsed outside his house from a brain hemorrhage. It was a Saturday, and it took a full day for a doctor to arrive.<mask> was declared dead on arrival at the hospital in Fontainebleau, at the age of 43. Technique and musical approach
<mask> developed his initial musical approach via tutoring by relatives and exposure to other gypsy guitar players of the day, then playing the banjo-guitar alongside accordionists in the world of the Paris bal-musettes. He played mainly with a plectrum for maximum volume and attack (particularly in the 1920s-early 30s when amplification in venues was minimal or non-existent), although he could also play fingerstyle on occasion, as


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 evidenced by some recorded introductions and solos. Following his accident in 1928 in which his left hand was severely burned and he lost most of the use of all except his first two fingers, he developed a completely new left hand technique and started performing on guitar accompanying popular singers of the day, before discovering jazz and presenting his new hybrid style of gypsy approach plus jazz to the outside world via the Quintette du Hot Club de France. Despite his left hand handicap, <mask> was able to recapture (in modified form) and then surpass his previous level of proficiency on the guitar (by now his main instrument), not only as a lead instrumental voice but also as a driving and harmonically interesting rhythm player; his virtuosity, incorporating many gypsy-derived influences, was also matched with a superb sense of melodic invention as well as general musicality in terms of choice of notes, timing, dynamics, and utilizing the maximum tonal range from an instrument previously thought of by many critics as potentially limited in expression. Playing completely by ear (he could neither read nor write music), he roamed freely across the full range of the fretboard giving full flight to his musical imagination and could play with ease in any key. Guitarists, particularly in Britain and the United States, could scarcely believe what they heard on the records that the Quintette was making; guitarist, gypsy jazz enthusiast and educator Ian Cruickshank writes:

Because of his damaged left hand (his ring and pinky fingers helped little in his playing) Reinhardt had


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 to modify both his chordal and melodic approach extensively.For chords he developed a novel system based largely around 3-note chords, each of which could serve as the equivalent of several conventional chords in different inversions; for the treble notes he could employ his ring and little fingers to fret the relevant high strings even though he could not articulate these fingers independently, while in some chords he also employed his left hand thumb on the lowest string. Within his rapid melodic runs he frequently incorporated arpeggios, which could be played using 2 notes per string (played with his 2 "good" fingers, being his index and middle fingers) while shifting up or down the fingerboard, as opposed to the more conventional "box" approach of moving across strings within a single fretboard position (location). He also produced some of his characteristic "effects" by moving a fixed shape (such as a diminished chord) rapidly up and down the fretboard, resulting in what one writer has called "intervallic cycling of melodic motifs and chords". For an unsurpassed insight into these techniques in use, interested persons should not miss viewing the only known synchronised (sound and vision) footage of <mask> in performance, playing on an instrumental version of the song "J'Attendrai" for the short jazz film Le Jazz Hot in 1938–39 (copies available on YouTube and elsewhere). Meanwhile, Hugues Panassié, in his 1942 book The Real Jazz, wrote:

Writing in 1945, Billy Neil and E. Gates stated that

Django-style enthusiast John Jorgenson has been quoted as saying:

In his


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 later style (c.1946 onwards) <mask> began to incorporate more bebop influences in his compositions and improvisations, also fitting a Stimer electric pickup to his acoustic guitar. With the addition of amplification, his playing became more linear and "horn like", with the greater facility of the amplified instrument for longer sustain and to be heard in quiet passages, and in general less reliance on his gypsy "bag of tricks" as developed for his acoustic guitar style (also, in some of his late recordings, with a very different supporting group context from his "classic", pre-war Quintette sound). These "electric period" Reinhardt recordings have in general received less popular re-release and critical analysis than his pre-war releases (the latter also extending to the period from 1940 to 1945 when Grappelli was absent, which included some of his most famous compositions such as "Nuages"), but are also a fascinating area of Reinhardt's work to study, and have begun to be revived by players such as the Rosenberg Trio (with their 2010 release "Djangologists") and Biréli Lagrène.Wayne Jefferies, in his article "Django's Forgotten Era", writes:

<mask>'s first son, Lousson (a.k.a. Henri Baumgartner), played jazz in a mostly bebop style in the 1950s and 1960s. He followed the Romani lifestyle and was relatively little recorded. <mask>'s second son, Babik, became a guitarist in a more contemporary jazz style, and recorded a number of albums before his death in 2001. After <mask> died, his younger brother Joseph at first swore to abandon music, but he was persuaded to perform

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 and record again. Joseph's son <mask> is a violinist in the Romani style. A third generation of direct descendants has developed as musicians: <mask>, <mask>'s grandson (by his son Babik), leads his own trio.Dallas Baumgartner, a great-grandson by Lousson, is a guitarist who travels with the Romani and keeps a low public profile. A distant relative, violinist Schnuckenack <mask>, became known in Germany as a performer of gypsy music and gypsy jazz up to his death in 2006, and assisted in keeping <mask>'s legacy alive through the period following <mask>'s death. Legacy

<mask> is regarded as one of the greatest guitar players of all time, and the first important European jazz musician to make a major contribution with jazz guitar. During his career he wrote nearly 100 songs, according to jazz guitarist Frank Vignola. Using a Selmer Guitar in the mid-1930s, his style took on new volume and expressiveness. Despite his physical disability, he played mainly using his index and middle fingers, and invented a distinctive style of jazz guitar. For about a decade after <mask>'s death, interest in his musical style was minimal.In the fifties, bebop superseded swing in jazz, rock and roll took off, and electric instruments became dominant in popular music. Since the mid-sixties, there has been a revival of interest in <mask>'s music, a revival that has extended into the 21st century, with annual festivals and periodic tribute concerts. His devotees included classical guitarist Julian Bream and country guitarist Chet Atkins, who considered him one of the ten greatest guitarists of

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 the twentieth century. Jazz guitarists in the U.S., such as Charlie Byrd and Wes Montgomery, were influenced by his style. In fact, Byrd, who lived from 1925 to 1999, said that <mask> was his primary influence. Guitarist Mike Peters notes that "the word 'genius' is bantered about too much. But in jazz, Louis Armstrong was a genius, Duke Ellington was another one, and <mask> was also."Grisman adds, "As far as I'm concerned, no one since has come anywhere close to <mask> <mask> as an improviser or technician." The popularity of gypsy jazz has generated an increasing number of festivals, such as the Festival Django Reinhardt held every last weekend of June since 1983 in Samois-sur-Seine (France), the various DjangoFests held throughout Europe and the US, and Django in June, an annual camp for Gypsy jazz musicians and aficionados. Woody Allen's film Sweet and Lowdown (1999), the story of a Django Reinhardt-like character, mentions <mask> and includes actual recordings in the film. Tributes
In February 2017, the Berlin International Film Festival held the world premiere of Django, a French film directed by Etienne Comar. The movie covers <mask>'s escape from Nazi-occupied Paris in 1943 and the fact that even under "constant danger, flight and the atrocities committed against his family", he continued composing and performing. <mask>'s music was re-recorded for the film by the Dutch jazz band Rosenberg Trio with lead guitarist Stochelo Rosenberg. The documentary film, Djangomania!was released in 2005. The hour-long film was directed and written by Jamie Kastner, who traveled

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 throughout the world to show the influence of <mask>'s music in various countries. In 1984 the Kool Jazz Festival, held in Carnegie Hall and Avery Fisher Hall, was dedicated entirely to <mask>. Performers included Grappelli, Benny Carter, and Mike Peters with his group of seven musicians. The festival was organized by George Wein. <mask> is celebrated annually in the village of Liberchies, his birthplace. Numerous musicians have written and recorded tributes to <mask>.The jazz standard "Django" (1954) was composed by John Lewis of the Modern Jazz Quartet in honour of <mask>. The Allman Brothers Band song "Jessica" was written by Dickey Betts in tribute to <mask>. Ramelton, Co. Donegal, Ireland, each year hosts a festival in tribute to Django called "Django sur Lennon" or "Django on the Lennon" the Lennon being the name of the local river that runs through the village. In coincidence with the 110th anniversary in 2020 of <mask>'s birth, a graphic novel depicting his youth years was published under the title Django Main de Feu, by writer Salva Rubio and artist Efa through Belgian publisher Dupuis. Influence

Many guitar players and other musicians have expressed admiration for <mask> or have cited him as a major influence. Jeff Beck described <mask> as "by far the most astonishing guitar player ever" and "quite superhuman". Grateful Dead's Jerry Garcia and Black Sabbath's Tony Iommi, both of whom lost fingers in accidents, were inspired by <mask>'s example of becoming an accomplished guitar player despite his injuries.Garcia was quoted in June 1985 in Frets Magazine:

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Denny Laine and Jimmy McCulloch, members of Paul McCartney's band Wings, have mentioned him as an inspiration. Andrew Latimer, of the band Camel, has stated that he was influenced by <mask>. Willie Nelson has been a lifelong Reinhardt fan, stating in his memoir, "This was a man who changed my musical life by giving me a whole new perspective on the guitar and, on an even more profound level, on my relationship with sound...During my formative years, as I listened to Django's records, especially songs like 'Nuages' that I would play for the rest of my life, I studied his technique. Even more, I studied his gentleness. I love the human sound he gave his acoustic guitar." Reinhardt in popular culture
<mask>'s music appears in the 2002 video game Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven. The film Django, by the French filmmaker Étienne Comar, depicting <mask>'s life during wartime was released in 2017, with the French actor Reda Kateb performing the role of <mask>.It opened the 67th Berlin International Film Festival. The 2004 film Head in the Clouds features guitarist John Jorgenson as <mask> <mask> in a cameo role. The Django web framework is named after <mask>, as is version 3.1 of the blog software WordPress. The Belgian government issued a commemorative coin in 92.5% sterling silver in 2010 coinciding with the 100th anniversary of his birth. It is a silver 10-Euro coin with a color image of <mask> on the reverse side. His legacy is referred to in Woody Allen's 1999 Sweet and Lowdown. This spoof biopic features a fictional American guitarist, Emmet Ray, who is obsessed with

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 <mask>, with a soundtrack featuring Howard Alden.<mask> appears as a character in the fiction novel The Magic Strings of Frankie Presto (2015) by American author Mitch Albom. <mask>'s rendition of "La Mer" appears in the 2007 video game BioShock along with other songs from him. The animated film The Triplets of Belleville begins with a flashback showing The Triplets of Belleville, a trio of singers, performing on stage in the 1920s, dancing alongside other celebrities, including Josephine Baker and <mask> <mask>. In 1982's "Tanta til Beate" ("Beate's Aunt"), by the Norwegian singer-songwriter and folk musician, Lillebjørn Nilsen, <mask> is hailed several times. Discography

Releases in his lifetime
<mask> recorded over 900 sides in his recording career, from 1928 to 1953, the majority as sides of the then-prevalent 78-RPM records, with the remainder as acetates, transcription discs, private and off-air recordings (of radio broadcasts), and part of a film soundtrack. Only one session (eight tracks) from March 1953 was ever recorded specifically for album release by Norman Granz in the then-new LP format, but <mask> died before the album could be released. In his earliest recordings <mask> played banjo (or, more accurately, banjo-guitar) accompanying accordionists and singers on dances and popular tunes of the day, with no jazz content, whereas in the last recordings before his death he played amplified guitar in the bebop idiom with a pool of younger, more modern French musicians.A full chronological listing of his lifetime recorded output is available from the source

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 cited here, and an index of individual tunes is available from the source cited here. A few fragments of film performance (without original sound) also survive, as does one complete performance with sound, of the tune "J'Attendrai" performed with the Quintet in 1938 for the short film Le Jazz Hot. Posthumous compilations
Since his death, <mask>'s music has been released on many compilations. Intégrale Django Reinhardt, volumes 1–20 (40 CDs), released by the French company Frémeaux from 2002 to 2005, tried to include every known track on which he played. The Great Artistry of Django Reinhardt (Clef, 1954)
 Parisian Swing (GNP Crescendo, 1965)
 Quintet of the Hot Club of France (GNP Crescendo, 1965)
 At Club St. Germain (Honeysuckle, 1983)
 Swing Guitar (Jass, 1991)
 Djano Reinhardt in Brussels (Verve, 1992)
 Django Reinhardt & Stephane Grappelli (GNP Crescendo, 1990)
 Peche à La Mouche: The Great Blue Star Sessions 1947–1953 (Verve, 1992)
 Django's Music (Hep, 1994)
 Brussels and Paris (DRG, 1996)
 Quintet of the Hot Club of France (Original Jazz Classics, 1997)
 Django with His American Friends (DRG, 1998)
 The Complete Django Reinhardt HMV Sessions (1998)
 The Classic Early Recordings in Chronological Order (2000)
 Djangology (Bluebird, 2002)
 Intégrale <mask> Reinhardt (Frémeaux, 2002)
 Jazz in Paris: Nuages (2003)
 Vol. 2: 1938–1939 (Naxos, 2001)
 Swing Guitars Vol. 3 1936–1937 (Naxos, 2003)
 Nuages Vol.6 1940 (Naxos, 2004)
 Django on the Radio (2008)
 Djangology: Solo and Duet Recordings (2019)

Unrecorded compositions
A small number of waltzes composed by <mask> in

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 his youth were never recorded by the composer, but were retained in the repertoire of his associates and several are still played today. They came to light via recordings by Matelo Ferret in 1960 (the waltzes "Montagne Sainte-Genevieve", "Gagoug", "Chez Jacquet" and "Choti"; Disques Vogue (F)EPL7740) and 1961 ("Djalamichto" and "En Verdine"; Disques Vogue (F)EPL7829). The first four are now available on Matelo's CD Tziganskaïa and Other Rare Recordings, released by Hot Club Records (subsequently reissued as Tziganskaïa: The Django Reinhardt Waltzes); "Chez Jacquet" was also recorded by Baro Ferret in 1966. The names "Gagoug" and "Choti" were reportedly conferred by Django's widow Naguine on request from Matelo, who had learned the tunes without names. Django also worked on composing a Mass for use by the gypsies, which was not completed although an 8-minute extract exists, played by the organist Léo Chauliac for <mask>'s benefit, via a 1944 radio broadcast; this can be found on the CD release "Gipsy Jazz School" and also on volume 12 of the "Intégrale Django Reinhardt" CD compilation. See also

Oscar Alemán
Django à Liberchies festival
DjangodOr (Golden Django)
Festivals de jazz Django Reinhardt, a French list of worldwide festivals dedicated to the guitarist
List of Belgian bands and artists
List of Belgian musicians and singers
List of compositions by Django Reinhardt
List of Romani people
R-26 (salon)
Jean Sablon
Sinti
Vernon Story
Gábor Szabó
Django Reinhardt – Complete Works (Integrale) for Classical Guitar

Notes

Bibliography
 Ayeroff, Stan (1978). Jazz Masters:


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 Django Reinhardt.Consolidated Music Publishers. Cruickshank, Ian (1982). The Guitar Style of Django Reinhardt. Self published. Reprinted as The Guitar Styles of <mask> Reinhardt and the Gypsies, Music Sales America, 1992,
 Cruickshank, Ian (1994). <mask>'s Gypsies – The Mystique of <mask> <mask> and His People. Ashley Mark Publishing.,
 Delaunay, Charles (1961). <mask> <mask>. Da Capo Press. Dregni, Michael (2004). Django: The Life and Music of a Gypsy Legend. Oxford University Press. Dregni, Michael (2006).<mask> <mask> and the Illustrated History of Gypsy Jazz. Speck Press. Dregni, Michael (2008). Gypsy Jazz: In Search of <mask> Reinhardt and the Soul of Gypsy Swing. Oxford University Press. Gelly, Dave & Fogg, Rod (2005). <mask> Reinhardt: Know the Man, Play the Music.Hal Leonard Corp.
 Givan, Benjamin (2010). The Music of Django Reinhardt. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Harrison, Max (1999). Django Reinhardt. In Alexander, Charles (ed. ): Masters of Jazz Guitar.Balafon Books. Jorgenson, John (2004). Intro to Gypsy Jazz Guitar. High View Publications / Flatpicking Guitar Magazine. Mongan, Norman (1983). The History of the Guitar in Jazz: Chapter 4: A Gypsy Genius. Oak Publications.Neill, Billy & Gates, E. (compilers) (c. 1945). Discography of the Recorded Works of <mask> Reinhardt and the Quintette de Hot Club de France. Clifford Essex Music Co. Ltd.

 Vernon, Paul (2003). Jean 'Django' Reinhardt: A Contextual Bio-Discography 1910-1953. Ashgate Publishing; reprinted Routledge, 2016. References

External links

1910 births
1953 deaths
20th-century

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<mask> (; , ; c. 525-475 BC) was a wealthy Athenian politician and general during the early part of the 5th century BC. His name means "Yellow Horse." He was the son of Ariphron and father of Pericles. He is often associated with the Alcmaeonid clan. Although not born to the Alcmaeonidae, he married into the family when he wed Cleisthenes' niece Agariste, and would come to represent their interests in government. He distinguished himself in the Athenian political arena, championing the aristocratic party. His rivalry with Themistocles led to his ostracism, only to be recalled from exile when the Persians invaded Greece.He distinguished himself during the Greco-Persian Wars making a significant contribution to the victory of the Greeks and the subsequent ascendancy of the Athenian Empire. Early political career and ostracism
As a citizen-soldier of Athens and a member of the aristocracy, <mask> most likely fought during the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. <mask> first appears in the historical record the following year (489 BC), when he led the prosecution of Miltiades the Younger, the general who led Athenians to victory at Marathon. Miltiades had asked for a fleet of 70 ships and a supply of troops to be put at his disposal in reward for his victory, saying that he would not reveal his intentions, but that the venture would reap great profit for the city. The Athenians granted his wish, but when he met with set-backs and injury during an attack on Paros he had to return empty handed and sick. Many Athenians suspected him of deceiving them. The Alcmaeonidae were traditional political rivals of Miltiades' clan, the Philaidae, and they pressed for charges against the hero of Marathon, with Xanthippus making their case and asking for the death penalty.Miltiades was in great pain due to his injury and could not defend himself, but his friends put up enough of a defence to avoid his execution; instead he was fined a

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