title: William Tannen

texts:
 Corral" of the syndicated western anthology series,  Death Valley Days. Jim Davis portrayed Wyatt Earp in this particular episode. Tannen appeared twice, one role uncredited in Davis' earlier syndicated western series, Stories of the Century, including the role of Dutch Charlie in "Milt Sharp", the story of the stagecoach robber Milt Sharp. Other roles

<mask>'s first credited role was as Luther Botts in 1934 in the film short, "My Grandfather's Clock."Most of his early film roles were uncredited. He became a Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer contract player during the 1930s and '40s, where he appeared often uncredited in bit parts and smaller roles. In 1954, he played Emmett Dalton in the film, Jesse James vs. the Daltons. Brett King played the role of Joe Branch, reputed son of Jesse James in this historically inaccurate picture. That same year, <mask> played O'Connor in the film Sitting Bull, with J. Carrol Naish in the title role. and Iron Eyes Cody as Crazy Horse, and also starring Dale Robertson. Tannen appeared in many other westerns too, either as a guest star once or multiple times.He was cast eight times on The Roy Rogers Show and Daniel Boone, seven times on The Adventures of Kit Carson, six times  on Annie Oakley, five times on Rawhide and Tales of Wells Fargo, four times on Bat Masterson, Bonanza, and The High Chaparral, three times on The Lone Ranger, The Cisco Kid, Wagon Train, and The Virginian, and twice on Gunsmoke, The Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok, and The Adventures of Champion. On May 1, 1960, Tannen portrayed Jim Ashbury in the episode "Backwater Swamp" of the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, Sugarfoot, starring

masks: Tannen Tannen


title: Zhang Jun (prince)

type: original

texts:
<mask> (張駿 Zhāng Jùn; 307–346), courtesy name Gongting (公庭), formally Duke Zhongcheng of Xiping (西平忠成公, posthumous name given by Jin Dynasty (266–420)) or Duke Wen of Xiping (西平文公, posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler of the Chinese state Former Liang. During his reign, he at times used the Jin-created title of Duke of Xiping, but when forced to submit to Han Zhao and Later Zhao, he used the title Prince of Liang. Late in his reign, even when not under Later Zhao's pressure, he claimed the title of "Acting Prince of Liang." During the brief reign of his son <mask>, he was honored as Prince Wen of Liang (涼文王). The Book of Jin describes <mask> as having an extraordinary appearance and was talented at literature, however he was also an extravagant and dissipated man. Early life
<mask> was the son of <mask> (張寔), the Jin governor of Liang Province (涼州, modern central and western Gansu) and the Duke of Xiping. In 320, <mask> was assassinated by his guards Yan She (閻涉) and Zhao Ang (趙卬), who were followers of the magician Liu Hong (劉弘), who had falsely prophesied that he would be the ruler of Liang Province.<mask>'s brother <mask> captured and executed Liu and his followers. Because <mask> was still young (aged 13) at the time, <mask>'s subordinates requested that <mask> take over the governorship. (Because <mask> also declared a general pardon at the time, a power normally reserved for an emperor, this was often viewed as the date of Former Liang's independence from Jin.) <mask> made

masks:
Zhang Jun
Zhang Zuo
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Shi
Zhang Shi
Zhang Shi
Zhang Mao
Zhang Jun
Zhang Shi
Zhang Mao
Zhang Mao
Zhang Mao


title: Zhang Jun (prince)

texts:
 <mask> a general, and later in the year named him his heir. In 324, <mask> died, and <mask> succeeded him. Because <mask> had previously been forced to submit to Han Zhao and was given the title the Prince of Liang, <mask> carried that title as well, even though internally he used the Jin-vested title of Duke of Xiping. Early reign
In 326, <mask>, in fear of Han Zhao, forcibly relocated the people of Longxi (隴西) and Nan'an (南安, collectively roughly Dingxi, Gansu) Commanderies to the capital Guzang (姑臧, in modern Wuwei, Gansu).He also sought peace with Cheng Han's emperor Li Xiong and further tried to persuade Li Xiong to become a Jin vassal. Li Xiong agreed to peace and further did not completely rebuff <mask>'s overture, but also did not actually become a Jin vassal. In 327, after hearing news that Han Zhao had suffered losses at Later Zhao's hands, <mask> disavowed all titles granted by Han Zhao and returned to Jin titles, and attacked Han Zhao's Qin Province (秦州, modern eastern Gansu). Han Zhao's prince Liu Yin counterattacked, and, after defeating Former Liang general Han Pu (韓璞), captured all Former Liang territory south of the Yellow River and further crossed the river, but did not advance further. However, <mask> did not resubmit to Han Zhao. As Han Zhao disintegrated and fell to Later Zhao in 329 after its emperor Liu Yao was captured by Later Zhao forces, Former Liang took the opportunity to regain lands south of the Yellow River. In 330, Later Zhao's emperor Shi Le sent messengers to persuade

masks:
Zhang Jun
Zhang Mao
Zhang Jun
Zhang Mao
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun


title: Zhang Jun (prince)

texts:
 Former Liang to submit (by granting him honors, including the nine bestowments), but <mask> refused and detained Shi Le's messengers.Later in the year, however, after Later Zhao's general Shi Sheng (石生) the Prince of Hedong defeated the nearby Xiongnu chieftain Shi Qiang (石羌), <mask> became apprehensive and submitted to Later Zhao. In 333, in the aftermaths of Shi Le's death and the coup by his nephew Shi Hu, a number of Later Zhao generals rebelled and tried to seek Jin and Former Liang assistance. Former Liang tried to ally itself with one of these generals, the Di chief Pu Hong (蒲洪). However, in light of Shi Hu's victory over most of the other generals, Pu soon submitted to Shi Hu. Shi Hu, however, did not appear to consider attacking Former Liang, and, not having to fight Later Zhao for years, by 335 <mask>'s domain was described as being so rich and strong and under his capable leadership that it also became overlord over a number of Xiyu (西域, collective name for modern Xinjiang and former Soviet central Asia) kingdoms, which offered tribute to <mask>. He submitted a plan to Emperor Cheng of Jin requesting to attack Later Zhao and/or Cheng Han jointly with Jin forces, but the plan was not acted upon by Emperor Cheng. Late reign
In 339, <mask> transferred some of his authorities to his heir apparent, <mask>hua.In 340, he offered tribute to Shi Hu, but in his petition he used arrogant words. Shi Hu was angered and wanted to kill his messenger, but Shi Hu's official Shi Pu (石璞) was able to persuade

masks:
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Chong


title: Zhang Jun (prince)

texts:
 him to overlook <mask>'s arrogance. In 344, a battle between Former Liang and Later Zhao forces was mentioned, perhaps indicating that the relationship was not as peaceful as before. In early 346, <mask> attacked the Xiyu kingdom Yanqi (焉耆, in modern Bayin'gholin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang), and Yanqui submitted to him. By this point, he was described as having taken the title Acting Prince of Liang (假涼王) and using styles that were usually reserved for emperors. In summer 346, <mask> died, and was succeeded by his heir apparent <mask>. Era name?Most historical sources indicate that <mask>, like his father <mask> and his uncle <mask>, continued to use Emperor Min of Jin's era name Jianxing (both to show continued allegiance to Jin and to distance himself from Emperor Yuan of Jin and his line) but some sources indicate that he changed era name to Taiyuan (太元 tài yuán 324–346). A current theory is that his era name was used internally while the Jianxing era name was used when communicating with other states. Personal information
 Father
 <mask>, Duke Yuan of Xiping
 Wife
 Princess Yan
 Major Concubines
 Lady Ma, mother of <mask>hua
 Mother of <mask>, variously reported as Lady Liu or Lady Yan
 Children
 <mask> (張祚), the Marquess of Changning, later Prince Wei
 <mask> (張重華), the heir apparent, later Duke Jinglie
 <mask> (張天錫), the Marquess of Changning (created 354), later Duke Dao

References

Former Zhao people
Later Zhao people
4th-century Chinese monarchs
Former Liang rulers
307 births
346

masks:
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Jun
Zhang Chonghua
Zhang Jun
Zhang Shi
Zhang Mao
Zhang Shi
Zhang Chong
Zhang Tianxi
Zhang Zuo
Zhang Chonghua
Zhang Tianxi


title: Denny Emerson

texts:
<mask> (born August 20, 1941) is an American equestrian. He is the only equestrian to have won both an international gold medal in eventing and a Tevis Cup buckle in endurance. In 1972, <mask> was named United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year. He was a member of the United States Three Day Eventing Team that won the gold medal at the 1974 Eventing World Championships. As of 2015, <mask> operates as a clinician and trainer. He is a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses "Between Rounds" column. He and his wife, <mask>, run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina.Riding career
 <mask> grew up in Massachusetts and began riding around the age of nine at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School in Greenfield, Massachusetts, where his father was headmaster. <mask> began competing in gymkhanas in 1954, at the age of 12. At the age of 15 he rode in his first 100-mile endurance ride at the Green Mountain Horse Association (GMHA) in South Woodstock, Vermont. He began eventing in 1961 at the age of 20. His first event was a preliminary three-day at GMHA. In 1965 <mask> moved up to the Intermediate Level on his first event horse Lighting Magic, and by 1971 he had moved up to the Advanced Level on Cat. <mask> and Cat competed in their first advanced three-day at Dunham, Quebec.In 1972, <mask> was named the United States Eventing Association's Rider of the Year. Two years later, in 1974, <mask> and his part-Morgan horse, Viktor Dakin, rode a clean cross country round at the Burghley Horse Trials World Championship Three Day Event, that helped secure a team gold medal for the United States Eventing Team.

masks:
Denny Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
May Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
Emerson
Emerson


title: Denny Emerson

texts: The team included Bruce Davidson on Irish Cap, Michael Plumb on Good Mixture and Don Sachey on Plain Sailing. In 1976 <mask> and Viktor Dakin were named to the reserve team for the 1976 Montreal Olympics at Bromont. Viktor Dakin had strained a ligament just before the competition. That same year <mask> and Viktor Dakin won the National Three Day Event Championships at Radnor. <mask> won the National Three Day Event Championship again in 1979 at Chesterland riding York.York was then named USEA's 1979 "Horse of the Year". In 1982 <mask> placed fourth at the US National Three Day Event at Chesterland, riding Farnley Rob Roy. In 1992, <mask> won the Bromont CCI** event. <mask> competed at his final advanced three day at Groton House Farm in South Hamilton, Massachusetts in 1999 at the age of 58. His advanced career lasted 29 seasons. In 2004 <mask> earned a Tevis Cup buckle for completing the 50th Anniversary of the Western States Trail Ride, a 100-mile endurance race. <mask> has also shown Morgan Horses, and competed in dressage and jumper shows.In 2011 <mask> completed his 50th consecutive season as an entry in the Preliminary or Federation Equestre Internationale (FEI) CCI* level. That same year, however, <mask> broke his C1 vertebrae after falling during the cross country phase of an event at the Stoneleigh-Burnham School Horse Trials in late July. <mask> made a full recovery and, as of 2015, continues to regularly school horses and compete in both jumper and dressage shows. <mask> served as USEA president from 1982-1984 and again from 1991-1992. He also served as the United States Equestrian Team's Vice President of Eventing for seven years,

masks: Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson


title: Denny Emerson

texts:
 and was a member of the United States Eventing Association's Executive Committee, and the Chairman of the Breeder's Committee of the American Horse Show Association (AHSA). As of 2015, <mask> operates as a trainer and clinician. Former pupils include Kelli McMullen Temple, a member of Canada's  equestrian team at the 1996 Summer Olympics; Dorothy Trapp, the 1994 Individual World Championship silver medalist; David O'Brien, the 1996 winner of Bromont; and Nancy Bliss, a team bronze medalist at the 1982 World Championships.In 2004 <mask> hosted his first week long "Adult Camp" at his farm in Strafford, Vermont. The Adult Camp program expanded since its start, with programs being run throughout the year at both farm locations. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, May, live on and run Tamarack Hill Farms in Strafford, Vermont and Southern Pines, North Carolina. They have owned the Vermont property since 1969. They have two sons, Rett and Jamie, and one granddaughter, Abigail. <mask> graduated from Dartmouth College in 1963 with a degree in English. He later taught high school English in New Jersey and Vermont.<mask> is a descendant of Revolutionary War General, Israel Putnam. Honors and awards
1972 USEA's Rider of the Year
1984 "Wearers of the Green", Dartmouth College Athletic Hall of Fame, inductee
USEA Wofford Cup for lifetime service to eventing
1991 American Riding Instructor Certification Program (ARICP) Lifetime Achievement Award
1998 Ayers-Hammett Award by the Equestrian Medical Safety Association
1999 Equestrian Land Conservation Resource Anson Taylor Leadership Award
Named "One of the 50 most influential horsemen of the Twentieth Century"

masks: Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson Emerson


title: Denny Emerson

texts:
 by The Chronicle of the Horse in 2000
2006 USEA Hall of Fame Inductee

Writing
<mask> has been a regular contributor to The Chronicle of the Horses "Between Round's" column since its inception in 1989. In conjunction with feature articles he authored, <mask> appeared on the cover of Practical Horseman magazine in 1982, 1991 and 1999. <mask> also wrote the forewords to Sally Swift's Centered riding; Priscilla Endicott's Taking Up the Reins; Donna Snyder-Smith's The All Around Horse and Rider; and the United States Combined Training Association's (USCTA) Book of Eventing. He has written chapters and sections to several books, including Riding For America; Burghley – The Three Day Event; Lexington, 1978; and Kentucky, Three Day Event. In 2011 <mask> published his first book, How Good Riders Get Good, through Trafalgar Square Farm Books. The book centers on stories of 23 of the world's top riders from different equestrian disciplines and sports – including dressage, reining, driving, show jumping, endurance, hunter/jumper, and eventing – and how those included overcame significant challenges and setbacks to reach the top.Breeding
Since the early 1970s the <mask>s have kept stallions for stud. Their first was Core Buff, purchased in 1970. Some of their former and current stallions include Forfeit, Right of Light, O'Hara, Epic Win, Wintry Oak, Loyal Pal, Goliad, Not Surprised, Prussian Blue, Silver Comet, Reputed Testamony, Aberjack and Formula One. References

External links
  Tamarack Hill Farm on Facebook

American event riders
1941 births
Living people
American male equestrians
People from Strafford, Vermont
People from Southern Pines, North


title: Patrick Hamilton (martyr)

texts:
<mask> (1504 – 29 February 1528) was a Scottish churchman and an early Protestant Reformer in Scotland. He travelled to Europe, where he met several of the leading reformed thinkers, before returning to Scotland to preach. He was tried as a heretic by Archbishop James Beaton, found guilty and handed over to secular authorities to be burnt at the stake in St Andrews as Scotland's first martyr of the Reformation. Early life
He was the second son of Sir <mask> of Kincavil and Catherine Stewart, daughter of Alexander, Duke of Albany, second son of James II of Scotland. He was born in the diocese of Glasgow, probably at his father's estate of Stanehouse in Lanarkshire, and was most likely educated at Linlithgow. In 1517 he was appointed titular Abbot of Fearn Abbey, Ross-shire. The income from this position paid for him to study at the University of Paris, where he became a Master of the Arts in 1520.It was in Paris, where Martin Luther's writings were already exciting much discussion, that he first learnt the doctrines he would later uphold. According to sixteenth century theologian Alexander Ales, <mask>, who in 1521 had his headquarters there. Return and flight
Returning to Scotland, <mask> selected St Andrews, the capital of the Catholic Church in Scotland and of education, as his residence. On 9 June 1523 he became a member of St Leonard's College, part of the University of St Andrews, and on 3 October 1524 he was admitted to its faculty of arts, where he was first a student of, and then a colleague of the Renaissance humanist and logician John Mair. At the university <mask> attained such influence that he was permitted, as precentor, to conduct a Solemn High Mass based on music of his own composition at the St. Andrew's Cathedral. The reforming doctrines, however,
had obtained a firm hold on the young abbot, and he was eager to communicate them to his fellow-countrymen. Early in 1527

masks:
Patrick Hamilton
Patrick Hamilton
Hamiltonsmus
Hamilton
Hamilton


title: Patrick Hamilton (martyr)

texts:
 the attention of James Beaton, Archbishop of St Andrews, was directed to the heretical preaching of the young priest, whereupon he ordered that <mask> should be formally tried.<mask> fled to Germany, enrolling himself as a student, under Franz Lambert of Avignon, in the new University of Marburg, opened on 30 May 1527 by Philip of Hesse. Among those he met there were Hermann von dem Busche, one of the contributors to the Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum, John Frith and William Tyndale. Late in the autumn of 1527, Fr<mask> returned to Scotland, speaking openly of his convictions. He went first to his brother's house at Kincavel, near Linlithgow, where he preached frequently, and, soon afterwards, he renounced clerical celibacy and married a young lady of noble rank; her name is unrecorded. David Beaton, the Abbot of Arbroath, avoiding open violence through fear of <mask>'s powerful protectors, invited him to a conference at St Andrews. The Young minister, predicting that he was going to "confirm the pious in the true doctrine" by his death, accepted the invitation, and for nearly a month was allowed to preach and to debate.With the publication of <mask>'s Places in 1528, he introduced into Scottish theology Martin Luther's emphasis of the distinction of Law and Gospel. Trial and execution

At length, he was summoned before a council of bishops and clergy presided over by the archbishop. There were thirteen charges, seven based on the doctrines in Philip Melanchthon's Loci Communes, the first theological exposition of Martin Luther's scriptural study and teachings in 1521. On examination <mask> expressed a belief in their truth, and the council sentenced him to death on all thirteen charges. <mask> was seized, and allegedly surrendered to the soldiery based on an assurance that he would be restored to his friends without injury. However, after a debate with Friar Campbell, the council handed

masks:
Hamilton
Hamilton
. Hamilton
Hamilton
Patrick
Hamilton
Hamilton


title: Patrick Hamilton (martyr)

texts:
 him over to the secular power, to be burnt at the stake outside the front entrance to St Salvator's Chapel in St Andrews. The sentence was carried out on the same day to preclude any attempted rescue by friends.He burnt from noon to 6 p.m. and his last words were "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit". The spot is today marked with a monogram of his initials set into the cobblestones of the pavement of North Street. Legacy
<mask>'s execution attracted more interest than ever before to Lutheranism and greatly contributed to the Reformation in Scotland. It was said that the "reek of Master <mask> infected as many as it blew upon". <mask>'s fortitude during his execution persuaded Alexander Ales, who had been appointed to convince <mask> of his errors, to enter into the Lutheran Church. His martyrdom is unusual in that he was almost alone in Scotland during the Lutheran stage of the Reformation. His only known writings, based upon Loci communes and known as "Patrick's Places", echoed the doctrine of justification by faith and the contrast between the gospel and the law in a series of clear-cut propositions.'"Patrickes Places"' was not <mask>'s own title, but was given in the translation into English by John Fryth in 1564, and are presented in Book 8 of the 1570 edition of John Foxe's "Acts and Monuments"..

Students at the University of St Andrews traditionally avoid stepping on the monogram of <mask>'s initials outside St Salvator's Chapel for fear of being cursed and failing their final exams. To lift the curse students may participate in the annual May dip where they traditionally run into the North Sea at 05.00 to wash away their sins and bad luck. A school in Auckland, New Zealand called 'Saint Kentigern College' has a house named after <mask>

<mask>
<mask>'s sister, <mask>, was the wife of the Captain of Dunbar Castle and also a committed Protestant. In March 1539 she was forced in exile

masks:
Hamilton
Patrick Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Hamilton
Patrick Hamilton
Katherine Hamilton
Patrick
Katherine Hamilton


title: Patrick Hamilton (martyr)

texts:
 to Berwick upon Tweed for her beliefs. She had been in England before and met the Queen, Jane Seymour. According to the historian John Spottiswood, Katherine was brought to trial for heresy before James V at Holyroodhouse in 1534, and her other brother <mask> of Livingston fled. The King was impressed by her conviction shown in her short answer to the prosecutor.He laughed and spoke to her privately, convincing her to abandon her profession of faith. The other accused also recanted for the time. Bibliography

For a more extensive bibliography see George M. Ella's book review. Mackay's bibliography:
Knox's Hist, of the Reformation ;
Buchanan and Lindsay of Pitscottie's Histories of Scotland ;
the writings of Alexander Alesius and the records of St. Andrews and Paris are the original authorities ;
Life of <mask>, by the Rev. Peter Lorimer, 1857, to which this article is much indebted ;
<mask>, a poem by T. B. Johnston of Cairnie, 1873
 Rainer Haas, Franz Lambert und <mask> in ihrer Bedeutung für die Evangelische Bewegung auf den Britischen Inseln, Marburg (theses) 1973
 The most recent biography in almost 100 years <mask> – The Stephen of Scotland (1504-1528): The First Preacher and Martyr of the Scottish Reformation, by Joe R. D. Carvalho, AD Publications, Dundee 2009. See also
 Scottish Reformation
 John Ogilvie (saint)
 List of Protestant martyrs of the Scottish Reformation

References
Citations

Sources

Attribution

External links

1504 births
1528 deaths
People executed for heresy
Executed Scottish people
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
University of Paris alumni
16th-century Scottish clergy
Scottish abbots
16th-century Protestant religious leaders
16th-century Protestant martyrs
People from Linlithgow
People from South Lanarkshire
People executed by the Kingdom of Scotland by burning
16th-century executions by Scotland
Scottish Reformation
Protestant martyrs of

masks:
James Hamilton
Patrick Hamilton
Patrick Hamilton
Patrick Hamilton
Patrick Hamilton


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
<mask> (born 9 February 1987) is a British former professional tennis player. He is a Davis Cup champion and former British No. 2. He reached the quarterfinals of the 2010 Aegon International and the semifinals of the 2011 Aegon Championships as a wildcard entry. His best Grand Slam performance to date was reaching the third round of Wimbledon in 2015. In February 2009, <mask> played what was then, the longest tennis match in history, lasting 6 hrs 40 mins, eventually losing to Chris Eaton. This was a play-off match to decide the Davis Cup team, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record, and it was broken later.<mask> was part of the Great Britain team that won the Davis Cup in 2015, the nation's first success in the tournament for 79 years. He played in wins against the United States and France in the first round and quarterfinals, which included a crucial singles victory over US' John Isner to give Britain a 2–0 lead. <mask> was also named in the team for the Davis Cup final, and the Davis Cup team won the 2015 BBC Sports Personality Team of the Year Award. Early and personal life
<mask> is the son of <mask>, a London black cab taxi driver who couldn't drive. <mask> started playing tennis at around 10 because his father played some social tennis every weekend at Temple Fortune Club in Hendon. <mask> also played football, but chose tennis. The club didn't have a junior programme and because coaches costs money, <mask> only played once a week.<mask> would often be found at the Islington Tennis Centre in Market Road. During his early teenage years <mask> was coached by Daren Quilty, Head Pro at Oakleigh Park Tennis Club in Whetstone, culminating in him reaching

masks:
James Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Jim Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 the semifinals of the Under-15s national championships. After finishing his GCSEs at the age of 16, his entire family relocated to Spain so that <mask> could attend the Equelite Juan Carlos Ferrero Academy near Valencia for four years, where he practised with former French Open champion Juan Carlos Ferrero. In 2007, <mask>'s father fell ill, causing a downturn in their finances, but the Academy allowed <mask> to stay. <mask> enjoys playing on clay more than any other surface and currently trains in London. <mask> is famous for wearing colourful tennis shirts, after forming a bond with London designer Ted Baker, otherwise known as Ray Kelvin. <mask> is a fan of Arsenal F.C.At one time, <mask> was so strapped for cash he had to sell his Gunners season ticket to help pay for his tennis career. Career
He made his first tour appearance in Valencia in 2007 as a wild card but lost in the first round. <mask> qualified for only his second ATP tour event, the 2008 Stella Artois Championships at the Queen's Club in London. In the first round on 9 June he met former US Open and Australian Open champion, Russian player Marat Safin. <mask> took the first set after breaking Safin in the third game of the match and managed to hold his serve for the rest of the set to take it 6–4. However Safin upped his game in the second set, gained an early break and won the set comfortably 6–1. <mask> was also broken early in the deciding set losing 6–4, 1–6, 4–6.2009

In February, Davis Cup captain John Lloyd selected six Britons for a play-off contest, to find two singles players for the Ukraine tie. In these, <mask> competed in a then longest match in tennis history, lasting 6 hours and 40 minutes, against Chris

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 Eaton on 25 February. Eaton won the match 6–3, 6–2, 6–7, 2–6, 21–19, but it was not sanctioned by the ATP so was not an official record. It was exceeded later by the Isner-Mahut match at the 2010 Wimbledon Championships. This was the second time that <mask> had played a five set match – the first occasion had been the previous Monday also at the play-offs. In May, he became the first British player to win a challenger title on clay since Tim Henman in 1995. He beat Carsten Ball in the final of the Sarasota Open in Florida, USA.This win propelled him into the top 250 of the ATP's rankings, establishing himself as British No. 2. In September, <mask> was struck with glandular fever, and dropped to British No. 3. 2010
In March, <mask> made his Davis Cup debut in the Europe/Africa Zone Group II tie vs Lithuania, in Vilnius, with Dan Evans, Ken Skupski, and Colin Fleming. The Lithuanian side entered the tie as underdogs; fielding a team of teenagers. <mask> beat Lithuanian No.2 Laurynas Grigelis and became the first Briton other than Tim Henman, Greg Rusedski, or Andy Murray to win a live rubber since Andrew Richardson beat Zimbabwe's Byron Black in 1997. Evans lost the second singles match, Fleming and Skupski won their doubles, but <mask> and Evans were both beaten on the final day. This was described as a humiliating Davis Cup defeat for Great Britain and led to the resignation of Davis Cup captain John Lloyd. Britain was then threatened with relegation to the third tier of the competition. Tommy Peric became <mask>'s coach. In June 2010, <mask> reached his first ATP World Tour quarterfinal at the Aegon International, Eastbourne, UK. <mask> beat second seed Feliciano López (who had beaten

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 Rafael Nadal the week before) when López had to retire.He followed it up with a victory over the other man to lose at the semifinals of Queens the week before, Rainer Schüttler. He was eventually beaten by the young Ukrainian talent Alexandr Dolgopolov in straight sets. The new Davis Cup captain Leon Smith selected <mask> to take part in Great Britain's vital Davis Cup tie vs Turkey at Eastbourne in July alongside Jamie Baker, Ken Skupski, Colin Fleming, and <mask> (non-player). Defeat would have meant Great Britain's relegation to Europe Zone Group III. <mask> contributed to the victory by winning both his singles matches, Britain eventually winning 5–0, and giving Great Britain a first Davis Cup win in three years. At the Delhi Commonwealth Games in October, <mask> became the first Englishman to play tennis in a Commonwealth Games. Seeded fourth in the singles, he beat Jamie Murray in the second round to reach the quarterfinals.2011

<mask> lost at the first hurdle in six of his seven tournaments at the beginning of this year. So when Leon Smith, Britain's Davis Cup captain selected his team for the Euro/Africa Zone Group II tie against Tunisia in March, he sprang a surprise, omitting Alex Bogdanovic, having recalled the 26-year-old to the squad after a three-year absence. Instead, Smith's singles players were <mask> (No. 214) and Jamie Baker (No. 406), who had lost first time out in his last two events. Although Bogdanovic (No. 374) had lost all six of his live Davis Cup rubbers, he had at least won a Futures tournament in the United States that year.<mask> played a key role in Great Britain's 4–1 victory, winning both his live singles rubbers, and ultimately clinching the tie by

masks:
Ward
Alex Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts: beating Malek Jaziri 3–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 8–6 in the fourth rubber. At the Queen's Club Championships, <mask> reached the semifinals of an ATP tour event for the first time. He defeated fourth seed and future Grand Slam champion Stanislas Wawrinka in straight sets in the second round. <mask> followed this up by defeating defending champion and 13th seed Sam Querrey, coming from a set down to win in three sets to equal his run at Eastbourne in 2010. <mask> then defeated Adrian Mannarino in three sets, despite missing seven match points in the second-set tiebreaker. He was eventually defeated by Jo Wilfried Tsonga, having held a set point in the second-set tiebreaker. This was the first time two British players had reached this stage since the Open era began in 1968, the other man being Andy Murray.At Wimbledon <mask> entered as a wildcard, but lost in the first round to Michaël Llodra. In July, <mask> took part in the Davis Cup Luxembourg tie. <mask> could not make good a ranking deficit of 106 places against world No. 81 Gilles Muller, and he lost the first rubber. Great Britain won 4–1, with <mask> winning the dead rubber against unranked Laurent Bram, a full-time coach who played competitively when he could. Following a short break, <mask>'s first tournament back was the Lexington Challenger. As top seed, <mask> reached the final, losing to Wayne Odesnik.He was also runner-up in the doubles tournament. Two weeks later, <mask> won the second Challenger tournament of his career at the 2011 Odlum Brown Vancouver Open, defeating Robby Ginepri. The win saw <mask> rise to world No. 144. On 15 August ward rose to a career-high ranking of No. 140. In September, <mask> was selected for the

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title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 Davis Cup promotion tie against Hungary.In the first rubber, <mask> had a sometimes dramatic win over the visitors' No. 1 Attila Balazs. The drama came not so much from any searing quality of tennis, but from <mask>'s constant battle with cramping in his leg and queasiness that meant he had to nip backstage mid-match to empty the contents of his stomach. <mask> had occasionally looked likely to default against an opponent ranked No. 262 in the world. With Andy Murray, Colin Fleming, and Ross Hutchins winning, Great Britain claimed a decisive 3–0 lead, and was promoted into Europe/Africa Zone Group I. 2012

<mask> qualified for his first Grand Slam other than Wimbledon, but lost in the first round of the Australian Open to Slovenian Blaž Kavčič.In February, <mask> participated in the Davis Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I tie against Slovakia. Though he lost his singles rubbers, Great Britain won 3–2. <mask> suffered from a back injury and was unable to play in the Davis Cup tie against Belgium. On 30 April, <mask> reached a career-high ranking in singles of No. 137. Entering Wimbledon on a wild card, <mask> won his first match at a Grand Slam, coming through a grueling five-set match to defeat the World no. 36 Pablo Andújar.He won the final six games after trailing in the final set 0–3. In the second round on Court No 1, <mask> narrowly lost to World no 12 Mardy Fish in another tough five-setter, and received a standing ovation. <mask> had recently sold his £1300 Arsenal F.C. season ticket to fund his tennis, so he had some regrets after earning £23,125 for winning his first round Wimbledon match. In July, <mask> fell over in Newport practising, breaking his wrist, and putting him out


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 for six months. His ranking fell from No. 140 to No.280. In December, the Lawn Tennis Association announced that <mask> was the only player in Britain’s top nine men to be funded for the following season. 2013

In January 2013, <mask> failed to qualify for the Australian Open, reaching the third round of qualifying before losing to Julian Reister. <mask> remained in Australia to compete in the Charles Sturt Adelaide International, where he reached the final, defeating top seed Yūichi Sugita along the way, before losing to home favourite Matthew Barton. <mask> was then selected for Great Britain's Davis Cup team for their Europe/Africa Zone Group I match against Russia in Coventry. <mask> lost an epic first rubber to Evgeny Donskoy to give Russia a 2–0 lead heading into the doubles rubber the following day. The doubles pairing of Jonny Marray and Colin Fleming gave the home side some hope going into the final day of matches, where <mask> opened the day.<mask> stunned the much higher seeded Russian Dmitry Tursunov to level the tie. Dan Evans would eventually complete a remarkable turnaround, with a straight-set victory over Donskoy. The last time Great Britain had come from 2–0 down to win a Davis Cup tie was 83 years ago against Germany, Consequently, Great Britain won a place in the 16-team World Group play-offs in September. <mask> had to be placed on a drip to help him recover from his efforts. The following Monday afternoon, <mask> was not feeling well so he was again put on a drip. <mask> kicked off his clay season in China, where he qualified for the An-Ning ATP $50,000 Challenger event and reached the final. His route to the final included a victory over fourth seed Josselin

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title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 Ouanna.He lost to Hungarian Márton Fucsovics in the final. <mask>'s first grass tournament was the annual event at Queen's Club, where he lost in the first round to Ivan Dodig, despite having two match points on serve in the second set. In July, <mask> won his third Challenger title at Lexington, USA. In November, the Lawn Tennis Association announced a dramatic cut in elite player funding, with all financial support being withdrawn from Britain’s doubles specialists and any singles players aged over 24, such as <mask>, to reduce the number of supported players from 16 to just six in 2014. Andy Murray asked <mask> to stay at his training camp in Miami for December, but <mask> made a last-minute decision to stay home. 2014
<mask> started 2014 in Brisbane, competing in the Brisbane International, losing in the second round of qualifying to Marius Copil in three sets. <mask> then went on to the Australian Open, where he disappointingly lost in the first round of qualifying to Andrea Arnaboldi.Soon after, <mask> competed in the Maui Challenger, a common tournament for those who failed to make the Australian Open main draw. However, <mask> once again lost disappointingly in the first round against Denis Kudla. In late January, <mask> was called to the Great British Davis Cup squad for the World Group first round tie against the United States in San Diego and was chosen to play the second rubber against world No. 49 Sam Querrey. <mask> was two games from defeat in the fourth set before producing a remarkable comeback to beat Querrey in five sets and increase Great Britain's lead to 2–0. <mask> agreed that it was the greatest win of his career. Great Britain would later go on to win the tie


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts: 3–1, with Andy Murray securing two victories; <mask> was scheduled to play the final rubber against Donald Young but both teams decided not to play.<mask> entered the Open BNP Paribas Banque de Bretagne as a sixth seed. However, he lost in the first round of 32 against Maxime Authom. Moving on to the Open 13, <mask> entered qualifying and fought his way to the third and final round. However, he lost to Ricardas Berankis, ending his progress in the tournament. He had more success in the Dubai Tennis Championships, entering as a Wild Card into the main draw. In the first round of 32, <mask> beat Teymuraz Gabashvili in three sets in order to advance to the second round of 16. There, he lost to sixth seed, Mikhail Youzhny, earning nearly $25,000 in the progress.<mask> also entered the Qualifying tournament at the BNP Paribas Open. At Indian Wells, <mask> progressed to the second Qualifying Round, but lost to Paul-Henri Mathieu in straight sets. However, taking advantage of the withdrawal, <mask> received a Wild Card into the Main Draw in place of the sixth seed Juan Martín del Potro, thus earning a Bye in the First Round of 128. Despite losing in the Round of 64 to Feliciano Lopez, <mask> once again earned around $16,000. Entering the Visit Panamá Cup main draw directly, <mask> lost to Gastão Elias in the first round. Moving on, <mask> was once again called into the Davis Cup squad, to compete against Italy. <mask> competed in two live rubbers in the tie, losing hard-fought battles against both Fabio Fognini and Andreas Seppi.Due to Fognini's win over Andy Murray, Italy won the tie 3–2. <mask> qualified for the French Open for the first time thanks to victories over Moldovan Radu Albot in


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 the first round of qualifying, and over American Ryan Harrison in the second. He followed this up with a tense victory over Slovenian Blaz Rola in the final round. By doing so, <mask> became the first British player to progress through qualifying for the French Open since John Lloyd in 1973. He eventually lost in the main draw first round to Radu Albot. In December, <mask> and Kyle Edmund trained with Andy Murray at his training camp in Miami for two and a half weeks. 2015: Davis Cup Champion

In January, <mask> joined Andy Murray's training camp in Dubai.<mask> played at the invitational Kooyong Classic in Melbourne, beating American No 1 John Isner 3–6, 7–6, 6–2 in an exhibition match. At the Australian Open, <mask> was named as the sixth alternate on the main entry list. but a number of withdrawals meant that <mask> joined the main draw and did not need to qualify. <mask> became the first British male singles player other than Andy Murray to earn direct entry into a Grand Slam since Tim Henman at the 2007 US Open. <mask> played 31st seed Fernando Verdasco in the first round, losing 2–6 6–0 7–6 (8–6) 6–3. In March, <mask> was selected for the Davis Cup first round tie against the United States in Glasgow, pulling off the biggest win of his career. <mask>, ranked 111 in the world, came from two sets down to beat 20th-ranked John Isner 6–7 (5–7) 5–7 6–3 7–6 (7–3) 15–13 in a match which surpassed the five-hour mark, to set Great Britain on their way to victory.The last time Great Britain won back-to-back Davis Cup matches against the USA, was 80 years ago. <mask> made it into the third round of Wimbledon for the first time, where he was knocked out by Vasek Pospisil 4–6 6–3 6–2 3–6


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts: 6–8. Along with Andy Murray, there were two British men in the third round for the first time since 2002. After Wimbledon, he was ranked in the top 100 players for the first time, reaching a career-high ranking of 89. He was also part of the team for the Davis Cup quarter final against France. <mask> lost to Gilles Simon, the world No 11, but Great Britain won 3–1 to qualify for the Davis Cup semi-final. Since Wimbledon, <mask> suffered nine successive defeats, but was announced for the Davis Cup team in the semi-final against Australia in Glasgow.The Davis Cup captain, Leon Smith, eventually made the surprise decision to give the 300 ranked Dan Evans the second singles position along with Andy Murray. Though Dan Evans lost his rubber, Great Britain won 3–2 and reached the Davis Cup Final for the first time since 1978. In October, <mask> won his fourth Challenger title in Bangalore, defeating top seed Adrian Menendez-Maceiras 6–2, 7–5 to clinch his first title on the Challenger Tour since July 2013. After a disastrous loss of form during the summer, <mask> had been under threat of dropping outside the world's top 200 by the end of the year, but his success ensured a ranking of 143. <mask> then made it an eight match winning streak by reaching the semi finals of the Pune Challenger. This success led to <mask> being made the Aegon Player of the Month for October. Davis Cup Captain Leon Smith supervised <mask> and Kyle Edmund, accompanying them to South America to help him decide on his second singles player for the Davis Cup Final.In November, the 20-year-old Edmund won the Copa Fila Challenge title in Argentina on clay beating Brazil’s Carlos Berlocq, ranked No 112 in the world and an

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts: expert on the red stuff. <mask> lost in the second round of the same event, though <mask>, ranked 156, had won the hard court Bangalore Challenger. On the same day as Edmund's victory, Dan Evans, ranked 271, won the Knoxville Challenger on a hard court, but with Belgium opting to stage the tie on an indoor clay court, Smith chose to go with the British number two Edmund, now ranked 100, as his second singles player. <mask>, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray and Andy Murray were chosen for the 2015 Davis Cup Final versus Belgium in Ghent. Edmund made his Davis Cup debut in the 2015 final playing the first singles match against Belgian Number 1 David Goffin, ranked No 16, but lost 6–3, 6–1, 2–6, 1–6, 0–6. There were suggestions that Smith would replace Edmund with the more experienced <mask> if the final was locked at 2–2 on Sunday, yet Smith indicated that he could stick with Edmund. Great Britain went on to lead 3–1, and win the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936.After returning home, <mask> revealed that his coach, Australian Darren Tandy, was seriously ill with cancer and that had brought an end to their working relationship. Tandy received an initial diagnosis of colon cancer during the post-Wimbledon tournaments in America, and suffered a stroke while they were together at the US Open together. <mask> said 'I am not using it as an excuse for what happened after Wimbledon but obviously it did not help. The most important thing is Darren’s health and it has been an upsetting and worrying situation.' On 4 December, <mask> booked his first practice session with his new coach Morgan Phillips, a former British player from Croydon, and one of his best friends. <mask> joined the rest of the


title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 Davis Cup team at the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Show, where they won the 2015 Team of the Year Award. 2016
<mask>'s best results this year were quarter final appearances at the Tallahassee Challenger and the Manchester Challenger

<mask> failed to qualify for the Australian Open, French Open and US Open, and was beaten in the first or second round of two ATP and nine Challenger tournaments, plus five ATP Qualifiers.<mask> had to cope with recurring tendonitis in his right knee, and the death of his coach. Entering Wimbledon on a wildcard, <mask>'s first round match was against world no 1 Novak Djokovic on Centre Court. Initially losing 0-6, 0-3, whilst not winning a single point in the first set, <mask> came back to take the second set to a tie-break, but was eventually beaten 0-6, 6-7, 4-6. After Wimbledon, <mask> was due to play an ATP qualifier, but six hours before his flight to the USA, he was called up for the Davis Cup quarter final against Serbia in Belgrade, to cover the absence of Andy Murray, and Dan Evans who had a shoulder problem and some problems at home. Persistent rain during Kyle Edmund's successful match meant that <mask> had to play the second singles on Saturday. Dusan Lajovic, world no 81 and the Serbian number one in the absence of Novak Djokovic and Viktor Troicki beat <mask> heavily in a straight sets victory to make it 1-1. With Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot winning the doubles and Kyle Edmund victorious over Dusan Lajovic, Great Britain won 3-1 to progress to the Davis Cup semi final.<mask>'s last match of the year was in September at the St Petersburg Open first round qualifier. His ranking fell from 156 in January to 444 by the end of the year.

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title: James Ward (tennis)

texts:
 2017

After an eight-month absence due to a knee problem, <mask> returned in June for the British grass court season, but lost five first round matches, including Wimbledon where he had received a wild card. Retirement
<mask> announced his retirement from professional tennis on 17 December 2021. Performance timelines

Singles
Current through the 2021 Wimbledon Championships. Doubles

ATP Challengers and ITF Futures finals

Singles: 19 (9 titles, 10 runner-ups)

Doubles: 6 (3 titles, 3 runner-ups)

National participation

Davis Cup: 21 (10 wins, 11 losses)

   indicates the result of the Davis Cup match followed by the score, date, place of event, the zonal classification and its phase, and the court surface. World TeamTennis
<mask> played his first season with World TeamTennis in 2019 debuting with the San Diego Aviators but finishing up with the Orange County Breakers after a rare trade during the team's playoff push.He is set to join the Orlando Storm during the 2020 season scheduled to begin July 12. References

External links

LTA Profile

1987 births
Living people
English male tennis players
Sportspeople from Basingstoke
Tennis players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
British male tennis players
Tennis people from Greater London
Commonwealth Games competitors for

masks: Ward Ward Ward


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts:
<mask>  (3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born British Marxist sociologist, cultural theorist, and political activist. <mask>, along with Richard Hoggart and Raymond Williams, was one of the founding figures of the school of thought that is now known as British Cultural Studies or the Birmingham School of Cultural Studies. In the 1950s <mask> was a founder of the influential New Left Review. At Hoggart's invitation, he joined the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at Birmingham University in 1964. <mask> took over from Hoggart as acting director of the centre in 1968, became its director in 1972, and remained there until 1979. While at the centre, <mask> is credited with playing a role in expanding the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate new ideas derived from the work of French theorists like Michel Foucault. <mask> left the centre in 1979 to become a professor of sociology at the Open University.He was President of the British Sociological Association from 1995 to 1997. He retired from the Open University in 1997 and was a professor emeritus. British newspaper The Observer called him "one of the country's leading cultural theorists". <mask> was also involved in the Black Arts Movement. Movie directors such as John Akomfrah and Isaac Julien also see him as one of their heroes. <mask> was married to <mask>, a feminist professor of modern British history at University College London, with whom he had two children. After his death, <mask> was described as "one of the most influential intellectuals of the last sixty years".Biography
<mask> was born on 3

masks:
Stuart Henry McPhail Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
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Hall
Hall
Catherine Hall
Stuart Hall
Stuart Hall


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts: February 1932 in Kingston, Jamaica, into a middle-class Jamaican family of African, English, Portuguese Jewish, and likely Indian descent. He attended Jamaica College, receiving an education modelled after the British school system. In an interview <mask> describes himself as a "bright, promising scholar" in these years and his formal education as "a very 'classical' education; very good but in very formal academic terms." With the help of sympathetic teachers, he expanded his education to include "T. S. Eliot, James Joyce, Freud, Marx, Lenin and some of the surrounding literature and modern poetry", as well as "Caribbean literature". <mask>'s later works reveal that growing up in the pigmentocracy of the colonial West Indies, where he was of darker skin than much of his family, had a profound effect on his views. In 1951 <mask> won a Rhodes Scholarship to Merton College at the University of Oxford, where he studied English and obtained a Master of Arts degree, becoming part of the Windrush generation, the first large-scale emigration of West Indians, as that community was then known. He originally intended to do graduate work on the medieval poem Piers Plowman, reading it through the lens of contemporary literary criticism, but was dissuaded by his language professor, J. R. R. Tolkien, who told him "in a pained tone that this was not the point of the exercise."He began a PhD on Henry James at Oxford but, galvanised particularly by the 1956 Soviet invasion of Hungary (which saw many thousands of members leave the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) and look for alternatives to previous orthodoxies) and the Suez Crisis,

masks: Hall Hall Hall


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts: abandoned this in 1957 or 1958 to focus on his political work. In 1957, he joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) and it was on a CND march that he met his future wife. From 1958 to 1960, <mask> worked as a teacher in a London secondary modern school and in adult education, and in 1964 married <mask>, concluding around this time that he was unlikely to return permanently to the Caribbean. After working on the Universities and Left Review during his time at Oxford, <mask> joined E. P. Thompson, Raymond Williams and others to merge it with The New Reasoner, launching the New Left Review in 1960 with <mask> as the founding editor. In 1958, the same group, with Raphael Samuel, launched the Partisan Coffee House in Soho as a meeting place for left-wingers. <mask> left the board of the New Left Review in 1961 or 1962. <mask>'s academic career took off in 1964 after he co-wrote with Paddy Whannel of the British Film Institute "one of the first books to make the case for the serious study of film as entertainment", The Popular Arts.As a direct result, Richard Hoggart invited <mask> to join the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham, initially as a research fellow at Hoggart's own expense. In 1968 <mask> became director of the centre. He wrote a number of influential articles in the years that followed, including Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures (1972) and Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse (1973). He also contributed to the book Policing the Crisis (1978) and coedited the influential Resistance Through Rituals (1975). Shortly before Thatcher became Prime Minister

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Catherine Hall
Hall
Hall
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Hall
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title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts: in 1979, <mask> and Maggie Steed presented It Ain't Half Racist Mum, an Open Door programme made by the Campaign Against Racism in the Media (CARM) which tackled racial stereotypes and contemporary British attitudes to immigration. After his appointment as a professor of sociology at the Open University (OU) that year, <mask> published further influential books, including The Hard Road to Renewal (1988), Formations of Modernity (1992), Questions of Cultural Identity (1996) and Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices (1997). Through the 1970s and 1980s, <mask> was closely associated with the journal Marxism Today; in 1995, he was a founding editor of Soundings: A Journal of Politics and Culture.He spoke internationally on Cultural Studies, including a series of lectures in 1983 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign that were recorded and would decades later form the basis of the 2016 book Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History (edited by Jennifer Slack and Lawrence Grossberg). <mask> was the founding chair of Iniva (Institute of International Visual Arts) and the photography organization Autograph ABP (the Association of Black Photographers). <mask> retired from the Open University in 1997. He was elected fellow of the British Academy in 2005 and received the European Cultural Foundation's Princess Margriet Award in 2008. He died on 10 February 2014, from complications following kidney failure, a week after his 82nd birthday. By the time of his death, he was widely known as the "godfather of multiculturalism". His memoir, Familiar Stranger: A Life Between Two Islands (co-authored with Bill Schwarz),

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title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts:
 was posthumously published in 2017.He was buried on the eastern side of Highgate Cemetery. Ideas
<mask>'s work covers issues of hegemony and cultural studies, taking a post-Gramscian stance. He regards language-use as operating within a framework of power, institutions and politics/economics. This view presents people as producers and consumers of culture at the same time. (Hegemony, in Gramscian theory, refers to the socio-cultural production of "consent" and "coercion".) For <mask>, culture was not something to simply appreciate or study, but a "critical site of social action and intervention, where power relations are both established and potentially unsettled". <mask> became one of the main proponents of reception theory, and developed <mask>'s Theory of encoding and decoding.This approach to textual analysis focuses on the scope for negotiation and opposition on the part of the audience. This means that the audience does not simply passively accept a text—social control. Crime statistics, in <mask>'s view, are often manipulated for political and economic purposes. Moral panics (e.g. over mugging) could thereby be ignited in order to create public support for the need to "police the crisis". The media play a central role in the "social production of news" in order to reap the rewards of lurid crime stories. In his essay "Reconstruction Work: Images of Postwar Black Settlement", <mask> also interrogates questions of historical memory and visuality in relation to photography as a colonial technology.According to <mask>, understanding and writing about the history of black migration and settlement in Britain during the

masks: Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts:
 postwar era requires a careful and critical examination of the limited historical archive, and photographic evidence proves itself invaluable. However, photographic images are often perceived as more objective than other representations, which is dangerous. In his view, one must critically examine who produced these images, what purpose they serve, and how they further their agenda (e.g., what has been deliberately included and excluded in the frame). For example, in the context of postwar Britain, photographic images like those displayed in the Picture Post article "Thirty Thousand Colour Problems" construct black migration, blackness in Britain, as "the problem". They construct miscegenation as "the centre of the problem", as "the problem of the problem", as "the core issue". <mask>'s political influence extended to the Labour Party, perhaps related to the influential articles he wrote for the CPGB's theoretical journal Marxism Today (MT) that challenged the left's views of markets and general organisational and political conservatism. This discourse had a profound impact on the Labour Party under both Neil Kinnock and Tony Blair, although <mask> later decried New Labour as operating on "terrain defined by Thatcherism".Encoding and decoding model

<mask> presented his encoding and decoding philosophy in various publications and at several oral events across his career. The first was in "Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse" (1973), a paper he wrote for the Council of Europe Colloquy on "Training in the Critical Readings of Television Language" organised by the Council and the Centre for Mass Communication


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts: Research at the University of Leicester. It was produced for students at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, which Paddy Scannell explains: "largely accounts for the provisional feel of the text and its 'incompleteness'". In 1974 the paper was presented at a symposium on Broadcasters and the Audience in Venice. <mask> also presented his encoding and decoding model in "Encoding/Decoding" in Culture, Media, Language in 1980. The time difference between <mask>'s first publication on encoding and decoding in 1973 and his 1980 publication is highlighted by several critics. Of particular note is <mask>'s transition from the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies to the Open University.<mask> had a major influence on cultural studies, and many of the terms his texts set forth continue to be used in the field. His 1973 text is viewed as a turning point in <mask>'s research toward structuralism and provides insight into some of the main theoretical developments he explored at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask> takes a semiotic approach and builds on the work of Roland Barthes and Umberto Eco. The essay takes up and challenges longheld assumptions about how media messages are produced, circulated and consumed, proposing a new theory of communication. "The 'object' of production practices and structures in television is the production of a message: that is, a sign-vehicle or rather sign-vehicles of a specific kind organized, like any other form of communication or language, through the operation of codes, within the syntagmatic chains of a discourse." According to <mask>, a message "must be perceived as


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts: meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded" before it has an "effect", a "use", or satisfies a "need". There are four codes of the encoding/decoding model of communication.The first way of encoding is the dominant (i.e. hegemonic) code. This is the code the encoder expects the decoder to recognize and decode. "When the viewer takes the connoted meaning ... full and straight ... and decodes the message in terms of the reference-code in which it has been coded, ... [it operates] inside the dominant code." The second way of encoding is the professional code. It operates in tandem with the dominant code. "It serves to reproduce the dominant definitions precisely by bracketing the hegemonic quality, and operating with professional codings which relate to such questions as visual quality, news and presentational values, televisual quality, 'professionalism' etc."The third way of encoding is the negotiated code. "It acknowledges the legitimacy of the hegemonic definitions to make the grand significations, while, at a more restricted, situational level, it makes its own ground-rules, it operates with 'exceptions' to the rule." The fourth way of encoding is the oppositional code, also known as the globally contrary code. "It is possible for a viewer perfectly to understand both the literal and connotative inflection given to an event, but to determine to decode the message in a globally contrary way." "Before this message can have an 'effect' (however defined), or satisfy a 'need' or be put to a 'use', it must first be perceived as a meaningful discourse and meaningfully de-coded." <mask> challenged all four components of the mass


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts:
 communications model. He argues that (i) meaning is not simply fixed or determined by the sender; (ii) the message is never transparent; and (iii) the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning.For example, a documentary film on asylum seekers that aims to provide a sympathetic account of their plight does not guarantee that audiences will feel sympathetic. Despite being realistic and recounting facts, the documentary must still communicate through a sign system (the aural-visual signs of TV) that simultaneously distorts the producers' intentions and evokes contradictory feelings in the audience. Distortion is built into the system, rather than being a "failure" of the producer or viewer. There is a "lack of fit", <mask> argues, "between the two sides in the communicative exchange"—that is, between the moment of the production of the message ("encoding") and the moment of its reception ("decoding"). In "Encoding/decoding", <mask> suggests media messages accrue common-sense status in part through their performative nature. Through the repeated performance, staging or telling of the narrative of "9/11" (as an example; there are others like it), a culturally specific interpretation becomes not only plausible and universal but elevated to "common sense". Views on cultural identity and the African diaspora

In his influential 1996 essay "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> presents two different definitions of cultural identity.In the first definition, cultural identity is "a sort of collective 'one true self' ... which many people with a shared history and ancestry hold in common." In this view, cultural identity provides


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

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 a "stable, unchanging and continuous frame of reference and meaning" through the ebb and flow of historical change. This allows the tracing back the origins of descendants and reflecting on the historical experiences of ancestors as a shared truth. Therefore, blacks living in the diaspora need only "unearth" their African past to discover their true cultural identity. While <mask> appreciates the good effects this first view of cultural identity has had in the postcolonial world, he proposes a second definition of cultural identity that he views as superior. <mask>'s second definition of cultural identity "recognises that, as well as the many points of similarity, there are also critical points of deep and significant difference which constitute 'what we really are'; or rather – since history has intervened – 'what we have become'." In this view, cultural identity is not a fixed essence rooted in the past.Instead, cultural identities "undergo constant transformation" throughout history as they are "subject to the continuous 'play' of history, culture, and power". Thus <mask> defines cultural identities as "the names we give to the different ways we are positioned by, and position ourselves within, the narratives of the past." This view of cultural identity was more challenging than the previous due to its dive into deep differences, but nonetheless it showed the mixture of the African diaspora. In other words, for <mask> cultural identity is "not an essence but a positioning". Presences

<mask> describes Caribbean identity in terms of three distinct "presences": the African, the European, and the American. Taking the terms


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts:
 from Aimé Césaire and Léopold Senghor, he describes the three presences: "Présence Africaine", "Présence
Européenne", and "Présence Americaine". "Présence Africaine" is the "unspeakable 'presence' in Caribbean culture".According to <mask>, the African presence, though repressed by slavery and colonialism, is in fact hiding in plain sight in every aspect of Caribbean society and culture, including language, religion, the arts, and music. For many black people living in the diaspora, Africa becomes an "imagined community" to which they feel a sense of belonging. But, <mask> points out, there is no going back to the Africa that existed before slavery, because Africa too has changed. Secondly, <mask> describes the European presence in Caribbean cultural identity as the legacy of colonialism, racism, power and exclusion. Unlike the "Présence Africaine", the European presence is not unspoken even though many would like to be separated from the history of the oppressor. But <mask> argues that Caribbeans and diasporic peoples must acknowledge how the European presence has also become an inextricable part of their own identities. Lastly, <mask> describes the American presence as the "ground, place, territory" where people and cultures from around the world collided.It is, as <mask> puts it, "where the fateful/fatal encounter was staged between Africa and the West", and also where the displacement of the natives occurred. Diasporic identity

Because diasporic cultural identity in the Caribbean and throughout the world is a mixture of all these different presences, <mask> advocated a "conception of 'identity' which lives with and


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts:
 through, not despite, difference; by hybridity". According to <mask>, black people living in diaspora are constantly reinventing themselves and their identities by mixing, hybridizing, and "creolizing" influences from Africa, Europe, and the rest of the world in their everyday lives and cultural practices. Therefore, there is no one-size-fits-all cultural identity for diasporic people, but rather a multiplicity of different cultural identities that share both important similarities and important differences, all of which should be respected. Difference and differance

In "Cultural Identity and Diaspora", <mask> sheds light on the topic of difference within black identity. He first acknowledges the oneness in the black diaspora and how this unity is at the core of blackness and the black experience. He expresses how this has a unifying effect on the diaspora, giving way to movements such as negritude and the pan-African political project.<mask> also acknowledges the deep rooted "difference" within the diaspora as well. This difference was created by destructive nature of the transatlantic slave trade and the resulting generations of slavery. He describes this difference as what constitutes "what we really are", or the true nature of the diaspora. The duality of such an identity, that expresses deep unity but clear uniqueness and internal distinctness provokes a question out of <mask>: "How, then, to describe this play of 'difference' within identity?" <mask>'s answer is 'differance'. The use of the 'a' in the word unsettles us from our initial and common interpretation of it, and was originally introduced by Jacques Derrida.


title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

texts:
 This modification of the word difference conveys the separation between spatial and temporal difference, and more adequately encapsulates the nuances of the diaspora.Legacy
 The Stuart Hall Library, Iniva's reference library at Rivington Place in Shoreditch, London, founded in 2007, is named after <mask>, who was the chair of the board of Iniva for many years. In November 2014, a week-long celebration of <mask> Hall's achievements was held at the University of London's Goldsmiths College, where on 28 November the new Academic Building was renamed in his honour, as the Professor <mask> building (PSH). The establishment of the Stuart Hall Foundation in his memory and to continue his life's work was announced in December 2014. The Foundation is "committed to public education, addressing urgent questions of race and inequality in culture and society through talks and events, and building a growing network of Stuart Hall Foundation scholars and artists in residence." In May 2016, Housmans bookshop sold <mask>'s private library. 3,000 books were donated to Housmans by <mask>'s widow <mask>. <mask> was a presenter of a seven-part television series entitled Redemption Song — made by Barraclough Carey Productions, and transmitted on BBC2, between 30 June and 12 August 1991 — in which he examined the elements that make up the Caribbean, looking at the turbulent history of the islands and interviewing people who live there today.The series episodes were as follows:
 "Shades of Freedom"  (11/08/1991)
 "Following Fidel"  (04/08/1991)
 "Worlds Apart"  (28 July 1991)
 "La Grande Illusion"  (21 July 1991)
 "Paradise Lost"  (14 July 1991)

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title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

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 "Out of Africa"  (7 July 1991)
 "Iron in the Soul"  (30 June 1991)

<mask>'s lectures have been turned into several videos distributed by the Media Education Foundation:
 Race, the Floating Signifier (1997). Representation & the Media (1997). The Origins of Cultural Studies (2006). Mike Dibb produced a film based on a long interview between journalist Maya Jaggi and <mask> called Personally Speaking (2009). <mask> is the subject of two films directed by John Akomfrah, entitled The Unfinished Conversation (2012) and The Stuart Hall Project (2013). The first film was shown (26 October 2013 – 23 March 2014) at Tate Britain, Millbank, London, while the second is now available on DVD. The Stuart Hall Project was composed of clips drawn from more than 100 hours of archival footage of <mask>, woven together over the music of jazz artist Miles Davis, who was an inspiration to both <mask> and Akomfrah.The film's structure is composed of multiple strands. There is a chronological grounding in historical events, such as the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, and the Hungarian Uprising of 1956, along with reflections by <mask> on his experiences as an immigrant from the Caribbean to Britain. Another historical event vital to the film was the 1958 Notting Hill race riots occasioned by the murder of a Black British man; these protests showed the presence of a black community within England. When discussing the Caribbean, <mask> discusses the idea of hybridity and he states that the Caribbean is the home of hybridity. There are also voiceovers and interviews offered without a specific temporal grounding in the film that nonetheless give the

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 viewer greater insights into <mask> and his philosophy. Along with the voiceovers and interviews, embedded in the film are also <mask>'s personal achievements; this is extremely rare, as there are no traditional archives of those Caribbean peoples moulded by the Middle Passage experience. The film can be viewed as a more pointedly focused take on the Windrush generation, those who migrated from the Caribbean to Britain in the years immediately following the World War II.<mask>, himself a member of this generation, focused on the racial discrimination faced by the Windrush generation, contrasting the idealized perceptions among West Indian immigrants of Britain versus the harsher reality they encountered when arriving in the "mother country". A central theme in the film is diasporic belonging. <mask> confronted his own identity within both British and Caribbean communities, and at one point in the film he remarks: "Britain is my home, but I am not English." IMDb summarises the film as "a roller coaster ride through the upheavals, struggles and turning points that made the 20th century the century of campaigning, and of global political and cultural change." In August 2012, Professor Sut Jhally conducted an interview with <mask> that touched on a number of themes and issues in cultural studies. Book
  McRobbie has also written an article in tribute to <mask>:
Scott, David (2017). <mask>'s Voice: Intimations of an Ethics of Receptive Generosity.Duke University Press. Publications (incomplete)

1960s

1970s
 <mask>, <mask> (1971). Deviancy, Politics and the Media. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask>,

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 <mask> (1971). "Life and Death of Picture Post", Cambridge Review, vol. 92, no.2201. <mask>, <mask>; P. Walton (1972). Situating Marx: Evaluations and Departures. London: Human Context Books. <mask>, <mask> (1972). "The Social Eye of Picture Post", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 2, pp.71–120. <mask>, <mask> (1973). Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. <mask>, <mask> (1973). A ‘Reading’ of Marx's 1857 Introduction to the Grundrisse. Birmingham: Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies.<mask>, <mask> (1974). "Marx's Notes on Method: A ‘Reading’ of the ‘1857 Introduction’", Working Papers in Cultural Studies, no. 6, pp. 132–171. <mask>, <mask>; T. Jefferson (1976), Resistance Through Rituals, Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain. London: HarperCollinsAcademic. <mask>, <mask>; C. Critcher; T. Jefferson; J. Clarke; B. Roberts (1978), Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order.London: Macmillan. London: Macmillan Press. (paperback);  (hardback). 1980s
 <mask>, <mask> (1980). "Encoding / Decoding." In: <mask>, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, and P. Willis (eds). Culture, Media, Language: Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 1972–79.London: Hutchinson, pp. 128–138. <mask>, <mask> (1980). "Race, Articulation and Societies Structured in Dominance." In: UNESCO (ed). Sociological Theories: Race and Colonialism. Paris: UNESCO.pp. 305–345. <mask>, <mask> (1981). "Notes on Deconstructing the Popular". In: People's History and Socialist Theory. London: Routledge. <mask>, <mask>; P. Scraton (1981)."Law, Class and Control". In: M. Fitzgerald, G. McLennan & J.

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title: Stuart Hall (cultural theorist)

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 Pawson (eds). Crime and Society, London: RKP. <mask>, <mask> (1988). The Hard Road to Renewal: Thatcherism and the Crisis of the Left. London: Verso Books. <mask>, <mask> (1989)."Ethnicity: Identity and Difference". Radical America 23 (4): 9–20. Available online. 1990s

  Available online. 2000s

2010s

 <mask>, <mask> (2016). Cultural Studies 1983: A Theoretical History. Slack, Jennifer and Lawrence Grossberg, eds.Duke University Press. .

See also
 Articulation (sociology)
 Musgrave Medal
 Bill Schwarz

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 Stuart Hall Foundation website
 Marcus Williamson, Obituary in The Independent, 11 February 2014. John O'Hara interview with <mask> for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Doubletake program, originally broadcast 5 May 1983: The Narrative Construction of Reality – <mask>. Republished in centerforbookculture.org's "Context" online edition, No. 10. Retrieved 16 April 2008. Mitchell, Don. Chapter 24: <mask>.In: Key Thinkers on Space and Place. Phil Hubbard, Rob Kitchin, Gill Valentine (2004), pp. 160ff. .
 Marxist Media Theory
  John Simkin, <mask> biography, Spartacus Educational, September 1997 (updated August 2014). <mask> discussing globalization and power (2003, audio), darkmatter Journal. <mask> in conversation with Les Back (2010, audio), darkmatter Journal. Listing on the "people" section of Marxists.org
 in conversation with Pnina Werbner, March 2006 (video)
 "Professor <mask>", Desert Island Discs, BBC Radio 4, 18 February 2000. Richard Paterson, Paul Gerhardt, "<mask> (1932–2014)", BFI, 11 February 2014.Alex Callinicos, "<mask>

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 in perspective", International Socialism, Issue 142, 2 April 2014. Jessica Evans (Department of Sociology), "<mask>: An OU perspective", The Open University, 14 February 2014. The Stuart Hall Archive is held at the Cadbury Research Library, Special Collections, University of Birmingham. 1932 births
2014 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Academics of the Open University
Academics of the University of Birmingham
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Black British writers
British feminists
British literary critics
British semioticians
British sociologists
Colony of Jamaica people
Fellows of the British Academy
Jamaican emigrants to the United Kingdom
Jamaican people of Indian descent
Jamaican people of Jewish descent
Jamaican people of Scottish descent
Jamaican Rhodes Scholars
People from Kingston, Jamaica
Presidents of the British Sociological


title: Dara Ó Briain

texts:
<mask> ( , ; born 4 February 1972) is an Irish comedian and television presenter based in the United Kingdom. He is noted for performing stand-up comedy shows all over the world and for hosting topical panel shows such as Mock the Week, The Panel, and The Apprentice: You're Fired!. For his work on Mock the Week, he was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Entertainment Performance in 2012. <mask>'s TV work also includes starring in and writing of television comedy and documentary series. He has also been a newspaper columnist, with pieces published in national papers in both Britain and Ireland. He has written books for both adults and children. His first children's book Beyond the Sky was nominated for a Blue Peter Book of the Year Award in 2017.In 2009, the Irish Independent described <mask> as "Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's 'favourite Irishman'" and in 2010, <mask>in was voted the-16th greatest stand-up comic on Channel 4's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups. Early life
<mask> was born in 1972 in Bray, County Wicklow, and adopted into what he described as "a stable home" where he enjoyed a happy childhood with his "supportive" parents. He attended Coláiste Eoin secondary school, a Gaelcholáiste (Irish-speaking medium school) on Dublin's southside. He attended University College Dublin (UCD), where he studied mathematics and theoretical physics. In 2008, he remarked: "I haven't written it into my act, but it occasionally comes through. I could come on with a chalkboard and say: 'Now you're all going to pay attention. While a student at UCD, he was both the auditor of the Literary and Historical Society (the university's oldest debating

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 society) and the co-founder and co-editor of The University Observer college newspaper.In 1994, he won the Irish Times National Debating Championship and The Irish Times/Gael Linn National Irish language debating championship; he is a fluent Irish speaker, and speaks to his father only in that language. He played both gaelic football and hurling for Bray Emmets and hurling for the Wicklow County minor team. After university
After graduating in 1994, <mask> began working at RTÉ as a children's TV presenter. At this time, he also began performing his first stand-up gigs on the Irish comedy circuit. He admitted, "I did the trip from Dublin to Donegal to play to six people; then I turned round and drove home again. I did about three or four years playing to a lot of bad rooms, but learning as I went. It's not bad when someone gives you £40 for standing up and telling jokes.I remember thinking: 'This is the life.'" <mask> spent three years as a presenter on the bilingual (Irish and English) children's programme Echo Island  but came to prominence as a team captain on the topical panel show Don't Feed The Gondolas (1998–2000) hosted by Seán Moncrieff. <mask> also hosted RTÉ family entertainment gameshow It's A Family Affair. Stand-up comedy
<mask>'s stand up international career took off around this time as he began to tour heavily, performing across Europe, Asia, Australia and North America, with gigs in Dubai, Paris, Adelaide, Shanghai and New York City. He was a regular at the Kilkenny Cat Laughs and the Edinburgh Festival, as well as making one notable appearance at the Just For Laughs festival in Montreal in 2002, where he was offered a prestigious gala show

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texts: because of his performances at the Irish showcase. Around this time, <mask> presented the weekend game show It's a Family Affair on RTÉ Television. It was the first time he worked with former Channel 4 commissioning editor Séamus Cassidy.They later set up the production company Happy Endings Productions, and together they produced (and <mask>in presented) the chat show Buried Alive (2003) and most famously in Ireland The Panel (2003–2006). In 2005, <mask>in's eighth show at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe was the biggest-selling solo comedy show of the festival. In early 2006, <mask> conducted his third tour of the United Kingdom and Ireland. This included shows at the Theatre Royal, in London as well as nine nights in Dublin at Vicar Street. His second night in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, in London was recorded for his first live DVD. His fourth multinational tour followed in late 2007, which as he says in his routine has "no title" but was almost entitled "You Had to Be There". He performed new tours across the UK and Ireland in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015 and 2018.His 2010 tour played for 150 dates, to over 225,000 people, including 37 nights in Vicar St. in Dublin, 9 nights at the Hammersmith Apollo in London and a first date in Dubai. Each of those three tours were recorded for DVD, and the 2012 tour, entitled 'Craic Dealer', was similarly recorded during his shows at the Edinburgh Playhouse in May 2012. "Craic Dealer" ran for over 150 shows, as did his 2015 tour "Crowd Tickler", this time with dates in Scandinavia, Northern Europe and Australia added to the tour. That tour was recorded for DVD, the last of his five DVDs. On 12 March 2011, <mask>, Jack

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 Whitehall and Jon Richardson set a new Guinness World Records title for hosting the 'highest stand-up comedy gig in the world', on a British Airways flight in support of Comic Relief. In 2011, <mask>in took part in two shows of the 16-date Uncaged Monkeys tour with Professor Brian Cox, Robin Ince, Ben Goldacre, Simon Singh and Chris Addison. In Oct 2017 he started touring his show "Voice of Reason".As well as another 37 nights in Vicar St Theatre in Dublin (to bring his total there to 197 shows), "Voice of Reason" was performed more than 175 times, in 20 countries, including debut shows in Reykjavik, St Petersburg, Malta, Germany and New Zealand. It was recorded as a BBC special at the Hammersmith Apollo, for broadcast in 2019. He had originally planned to perform the show on debut tours to the US and Canada in 2020, but this was postponed after the first four US dates, in early March, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Canadian part of the tour resumed in August 2021. In September 2021 he announced a new show, named "So... Where Were We? ", with a tour starting in November 2021. Due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a portion of the tour in Ireland that was originally planned for January 2022 was pushed back to March through June 2022.Panel shows
The Panel was hosted by <mask>in. Three times nominated for the Best Entertainment show IFTA (Irish Film and Television Awards) the show has a rotating cast of panellists, usually drawn from the world of Irish comedy, discussing the events of the week and interviewing guests. The most regular panellists have been Colin Murphy, Ed Byrne, Neil Delamere, Andrew Maxwell and Mairéad Farrell. Around 2002, with his profile

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title: Dara Ó Briain

texts: rising in the UK due to his one-man shows at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, <mask> began making appearances on UK television shows such as Bring Me the Head of Light Entertainment (a Channel 5 production) and Never Mind the Buzzcocks. In early 2003, he hosted the second series of BBC Scotland's Live Floor Show. His big break in UK television came in 2003, when he appeared as a guest panellist on news quiz, Have I Got News for You, subsequently making several appearances as guest host of the show. In 2003, <mask> was nominated at the Chortle Comedy Awards for Live Comedy in the categories Best Compère and Best Headline Act (which he would go on to win).In 2004, he won the Best Headliner award again, as well as being nominated for Best Full-length Show. Since 2005, he has been the host of the comedy panel show Mock the Week on BBC Two, a blend between Have I Got News for You and Whose Line Is It Anyway? The show reached its 200th episode during its 19th series in 2019. He is a relatively frequent panellist on QI and wrote about Ireland in the QI series E annual, and appears occasionally on Just a Minute on BBC Radio 4. He also holds the record for greatest number of appearances (7) on the BBC stand-up showcase Live at the Apollo. <mask> has appeared several times in the BBC Radio science / comedy show The Infinite Monkey Cage which premiered on 30 November 2009 on Radio 4. In 2010, <mask> replaced Adrian Chiles as the presenter of The Apprentice: You're Fired!.After five years, he quit following the 2014 series. In 2016, <mask>in hosted a panel show about video games called <mask> <mask>'s Go 8 Bit. Series 3 began in February 2018. In 2019, <mask>in appeared

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 as a guest on Hypothetical. Chat shows, television programmes and writing
Since 2006, <mask> has starred in the BBC's Three Men in a Boat series, with Griff Rhys Jones and Rory McGrath. The series has included the trio rowing the River Thames, as in the 1889 novel of the same name, sailing from London to the Isle of Wight for a sail boat race, borrowing numerous vessels to make their way from Plymouth to the Isles of Scilly. In 2009, the three took to the Irish canals and rivers on a trip from Dublin to Limerick.In 2010, they explored the Isles of Scotland. In 2011, two more series were made; one travelling from Monte Negro to Venice, the other travelling down the New England coast in the US to New York. In total seven series were made. On 14 September 2005, <mask> appeared as a guest on Room 101, where he got rid of children's television presenters (following his work as a presenter on Echo Island) and once-in-a-lifetime experiences (he was given a once-in-a-lifetime experience on the show by being the second guest to pull the lever that opens the chute to Room 101 – the first had been former host Nick Hancock). He also got rid of banter, Gillian McKeith and magicians. <mask> has also been an extensive newspaper columnist, with pieces published in many national papers in both the UK and Ireland, from The Sunday Times to The Daily Telegraph. On 9 August 2006, he hosted the first edition of his chat show Turn Back Time.which only ran for one series. On 1 October 2009, <mask> released his first book entitled Tickling the English, about what he considers it means to be English. As part of its promotion, he has stated that he is enthusiastic about English


title: Dara Ó Briain

texts: culture and a student of English history, his favourite events being the Gin Craze and the civil war. In a review of Tickling the English <mask> was described as Sir Terry Wogan's heir apparent as Britain's "favourite Irishman". <mask> has hosted the British Academy Video Games Awards 9 times between 2009 and 2019, including 2012, when highlights were also shown on Challenge. In 2012 he hosted the Bafta Television awards, the same year he was nominated for a Best Entertainment Performance Award. From 3 to 5 January 2011, <mask> and Brian Cox presented Stargazing Live on BBC Two, three programmes based at the Jodrell Bank Observatory, scheduled to coincide with the conjunction of Jupiter and Uranus, a partial solar eclipse, and the Quadrantid meteor shower.The two presenters hosted a second series of three-hour-long programmes, plus follow-up 30-minute shows called Stargazing Live: Back to Earth, from 16 to 18 January 2012. From 8 to 10 January 2013, they presented the third series, again accompanied by Back to Earth. Stargazing Live has continued to run intermittently throughout the decade, including live coverage of the Partial solar eclipse over the Uk in 2015, Astronaut Tim Peake's journey to the ISS in 2016, and a 50th anniversary celebration of the Apollo missions in 2019. Stargazing Live was nominated for a Bafta for Best Live Television Event in 2017. From 16 April 2012, <mask> presented an eight-episode series of School of Hard Sums with co-host Marcus du Sautoy on Dave. Each episode was themed and <mask>in along with a guest attempted to solve various conundrums posted by du Sautoy. Series 2 began on 1 May 2013.On 6 November 2012, <mask> began

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texts: presenting a series called <mask> <mask>'s Science Club, in which he and other celebrities discuss science issues. The first edition of this programme features Ed Byrne talking about how closely related he is to the Neanderthals. Each episode in the series includes a short animated history that has been created by the UK animation and illustration agency 12Foot6. In 2013, <mask>in joined Jack Dee, Chelsee Healey, Greg James, Melanie C and Philips Idowu in Through Hell and High Water, a Comic Relief challenge which involved British celebrities canoeing the most difficult rapids of the Zambezi River. They raised over £1 million for the charity. Dara and Ed's Great Big Adventure, a 2015 three-part fly-on-the-wall television series, followed <mask>in and Ed Byrne on their journey by car down the Pan-American Highway. In June 2015, <mask> <mask>in Meets Stephen Hawking, in which <mask>in travels to Cambridge for a series of interviews with theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking, aired on BBC One.From January to March 2016, <mask> presented Tomorrow's Food, a three-episode series alongside Angela Hartnett, Chris Bavin and Dr Shini Somara. The BBC One show looked at the technologies and produce in farms, supermarkets, kitchens and restaurants around the world. <mask> presented the 2016 reboot of Robot Wars starting on 24 July, as well as the subsequent two series in 2017. He hosted a revival of the classic quiz show Blockbusters, which began airing on Comedy Central on 21 March 2019 until 5 December 2019. In June 2019, he was the host of The Family Brain Games. He co-hosted this with Dr. Hannah Critchlow, who was responsible for the psychological analysis and

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texts:
 supported by Dr. Adam Hampshire. This programme was won by the Smith Family of Newmilns, Ayrshire.<mask>in will present C4's upcoming quiz show called One & Six Zeros. Film work
<mask>in had a cameo role as a generalised alternative comedian in the 2013 British film The Look of Love directed by Michael Winterbottom. Personal life
<mask>in married his wife Susan, a surgeon, in 2006; they live in West London with their three children, one daughter (born 2008) and two sons (born 2011 and 2015). He was best man at his best friend Ed Byrne's wedding in 2008 after Byrne had previously been <mask>riain's best man. He describes himself as looking like "one of Tony Soprano's henchmen, on a bad day", and said that in 2008, "living in London I probably only get recognised about once a day. And that's okay by me. I'm not a celebrity.And I certainly don't see myself as one". <mask> is an atheist, but has said that he also sees himself as "ethnically Catholic": "I'm staunchly atheist, I simply don't believe in God, even if he believes in me. But I'm still Catholic, of course. Catholicism has a much broader reach than just the religion. I'm technically Catholic, it's the box you have to tick on the census form: 'Don't believe in God, but I do still hate Rangers. His surname is the original Irish form of O'Brien. He said, "My dad was involved in the Irish language movement and changed it.Even Irish people are now confused by it". <mask> is a fan of English football club Arsenal, and he is also a fan of Gaelic games. When his tweet congratulating London on knocking Sligo out of the 2013 Football Championship was read out on The Sunday Game, <mask> expressed amazement and

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texts:
 vowed to try to have one read out every week. <mask> has also expressed an interest in Irish cricket, and has written about the subject for The Guardian newspaper. <mask> was one of fifteen members of a racing greyhound syndicate for several years. The December 2009 transmission of Three Men Go to Ireland featured their dog Snip Nua who, by the time of transmission, had been put down following injuries sustained in a race. <mask> was so upset about the death that he and his fellow syndicate members immediately disbanded the syndicate permanently.In early 2010, a series of small demonstrations were held outside some of <mask>in's tour venues, urging him to publicly denounce the sport of greyhound racing due to the dog's death. In 2020, having known that he was adopted, he successfully sought out his birth family. Stand-up DVDs

See also
 Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)

References

External links

 <mask> <mask>in on Chortle

1972 births
20th-century Irish comedians
21st-century Irish comedians
Living people
Alumni of University College Dublin
Auditors of the Literary and Historical Society (University College Dublin)
Bray Emmets Gaelic footballers
Bray Emmets hurlers
Echo Island presenters
Former Roman Catholics
Irish adoptees
Irish atheists
Irish expatriates in the United Kingdom
Irish former Christians
Irish game show hosts
Irish male comedians
Irish stand-up comedians
Irish television personalities
People from Bray, County Wicklow
The Panel (Irish TV series) presenters
People educated at Coláiste Eoin
Robot Wars (TV series) presenters
Television presenters from the Republic of Ireland
Wicklow Gaelic

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title: Richard Hawley

texts:
<mask> (born 17 January 1967) is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer. After his first band Treebound Story (formed while he was still at school) broke up, <mask> found success as a member of Britpop band Longpigs in the 1990s. After that group broke up in 2000, he later joined the band Pulp, led by his friend Jarvis Cocker, for a short time. As a solo musician, <mask> has released eight studio albums. He has been nominated for a Mercury prize twice and once for a Brit Award. He has collaborated with Lisa Marie Presley, Shakespears Sister, Arctic Monkeys, Manic Street Preachers, Elbow, Duane Eddy and Paul Weller. Early life
Born in Sheffield, <mask> grew up with two sisters in a working-class area of the city.He was born with a cleft palate, which required numerous operations. Both his parents were musicians; his father <mask> was a guitarist with a number of local bands (on his death, the Sheffield Star called him a "Sheffield music legend"), and his mother Lynne a singer. They divorced when he was 16 years old. He is a lifelong supporter of local football club Sheffield Wednesday. He noted that "I always wrote songs since childhood" and realising that "you could actually make something up of your own was quite a big one then". He attended Hucklow Middle School together with future Pulp bassist  Steve Mackey, and passed his O-levels. <mask> briefly worked at the local HMV.While still at school, <mask> formed the Treebound Story and at the age of 19 recorded a Peel Session together with the

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 band. Solo career

Setanta (2001–2004)
As a member of the Longpigs, <mask> released two albums, The Sun Is Often Out and Mobile Home. After the demise of the band, he joined Pulp as a touring guitarist while also working as a session musician. During his time with both bands he was able to "quietly hone" his songwriting skills, citing that "I was never really very good about bleating on about being a songwriter". Impressed by a home demo of his songs, both Cocker and Mackey urged <mask> to record the material. He used some left-over studio time to demo material and to experiment. Pointing out that "I just wanted to make something gentle for myself – I never expected it to be released".He recorded a song per day, recording most of the instruments himself "with a boom mike in the middle so I could walk between instruments – I mixed it in my head". His eponymous debut was a mini-album that featured seven songs and released in April 2001 through Setanta Records. It was supported by the single "Coming Home". While <mask> played "90% of the stuff" he was assisted by former Longpigs drummer Andy Cook and Colin Elliot, who became his long-term producer. <mask> later commented that "I think with anybody's early stuff you can batter it and take things apart. [With] doing those early records I was trying to get back to a way of being creative with recording rather than taking this dogmatic approach to it". He admitted that he didn't get "it right every time but I got what I wanted to achieve.It was to try and find

masks: Hawley Hawley Hawley Hawley