title: Charles Lederer

texts:
<mask> married Virginia Nicolson Welles, ex-wife of Orson Welles, May 18, 1940, in Phoenix, Arizona. <mask>, at the time, was a "good friend" of Welles, notes Welles biographer Peter Bogdanovich According to Guiles, "she married Charlie… coming back to the Lederer home on Bedford Drive [in Los Angeles] with her young daughter, Chris, Welles’ first-born child.” The couple divorced in 1949. <mask>'s second wife was actress Anne Shirley whom he married in 1949. Friendships

Orson Welles
Welles biographer Barbara Leaming states that after <mask> married Welles's first wife in 1940, "earnestly trying to protect the best interests of Virginia and particularly of his daughter Chris, Lederer had angry run-ins with Orson, whom he accused of not living up to the divorce settlement. Now, in the unlikeliest of turnarounds, Orson and the witty, intelligent Lederer became great chums."Welles himself said of the Lederers, "I liked them together," and he soon entered into a friendly relationship that he describes as a "strange design for living at the beach." Welles became famous in the movie world after the release of Citizen Kane in 1941, a story based in part on the life of William Randolph Hearst. The story attempts to solve the mystery of newspaper publisher <mask> Kane's last dying word: "Rosebud". Film critic David Thomson calls the word "the greatest secret in cinema." In 1989, author Gore Vidal disclosed that "Rosebud" was in fact a nickname which Hearst playfully used for the clitoris of his mistress, Marion Davies. Vidal said that Davies told this intimate detail to <mask>, who mentioned it to him. The claim about the meaning of "Rosebud" was repeated in the 1996 documentary The Battle Over Citizen Kane and again in the 1999 dramatic film RKO 281.Years later, after Welles's second marriage to actress Rita Hayworth ended in 1948, he moved to a beach

masks:
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charles Foster
Lederer


title: Charles Lederer

type: original

texts:
 house next door to the palatial Marion Davies estate where his first wife Virginia and <mask>, her husband, resided. Welles lived there with Irish actress Geraldine Fitzgerald, and he soon became a "member of the household" of his former wife and <mask>. Chris Welles, in her biography, describes how her mother and stepfather remained friends with Welles despite the earlier problems:

According to Welles biographer Frank Brady, <mask> and Welles would sometimes spend hours, or days, discussing various film projects or related properties that they might want to collaborate on. They both loved Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie. There were also awkward periods that Welles remembers:

<mask> would often take Chris and Virginia to visit San Simeon, where Davies lived with William Randolph Hearst. She recalls, "Whenever we visited San Simeon, the grandiose castle . . . Charlie could not resist pulling the old man's leg:

Chris Welles adds that "aunt Marion, who had lost most of her relatives, was extremely close to Charlie."<mask> agreed, saying that "we're more like partners in crime than aunt and nephew." She remembers one occasion: "Charlie and Marion would exchange a wicked glance and then begin turning somersaults in unison on one of Hearst's priceless Persian rugs." She writes, however, that she was unaware at the time of the complications that her visits to San Simeon caused:

Virginia Welles gave some of the reasons <mask> became close friends with Welles:

After completing Macbeth in late 1947, Welles planned to live and work in Europe to save on production costs. Before leaving, however, he came down with chicken pox, which he contracted from his daughter. He was forced to stay in New York's Waldorf hotel for three days, during which time <mask> remained with him while they worked on a script for The Shadow, which Welles was to direct.

masks: Lederer Lederer Lederer Lederer Lederer Lederer Lederer


title: Charles Lederer

texts:
 Later, after Welles had been living in Europe, spending most of his time and energy trying to obtain funds to both live and produce other films, <mask> loaned him $250,000. Harpo, Ben Hecht, and a Comeuppance
Lederer was great friends with Harpo Marx and the two constantly cooked up practical jokes at the balls and parties they attended at Hearst Castle, the estate of William Randolph Hearst, such as stealing all the female guests' fur coats and draping them over the statues outside the estate during a heavy rainstorm.<mask> was a close and lifelong friend of screenwriter Ben Hecht, with whom he co-wrote numerous screenplays. Hecht noted that <mask> was "half Jewish and half Irish," and soon after meeting him, wired Rose, his wife, "I have met a new friend. He has pointed teeth, pointed ears, is nineteen years old, completely bald and stands on his head a great deal. His name is <mask>. I hope to bring him back to civilization with me." Hecht's 1963 autobiography, Gaily, Gaily, was dedicated, "For <mask>, to read in his tub." <mask> was famed on both coasts as a sardonic wit and "incessant practical joker," which endeared him to Hecht.Bennett Cerf's book Shake Well Before Using describes an incident during <mask>'s career in the Army during World War II, when <mask> took revenge on an Englishwoman who had been making "rabid and noisy" remarks against Jews:

Final years
According to Mankiewicz' biographer Richard Meryman, <mask> "isolated himself in his last years, contorted from arthritis, addicted to narcotics." He died in 1976, aged sixty-five. References

External links

<mask> family papers, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

American male screenwriters
American film directors
1910 births
1976 deaths
American theatre managers and producers
Tony Award winners
20th-century American male writers
20th-century

masks:
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charles Lederer
Charles Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Lederer
Charles Lederer


title: Mario Masciulli

texts:
<mask>, Baron Miglianico (Livorno, Italy September 15, 1909 – Caracas, Venezuela October 16, 1991) was a prominent military engineer of the Italian Regia Marina, Major of Genio Navale and belonging to the recognized Decima Flottiglia MAS as director of the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons during Second World War. He was awarded the Silver Medal of Military Valor. Biography

First Years, Military Career

<mask> joined the Livorno Naval Academy in 1925, being number one in the entrance exam, among a large group of students. Later he was sent to the Polytechnic of Turin, where he earned an honors degree in Industrial Engineering, before obtaining a PhD in Mechanical Engineering. World War II

At the start of the war in 1939, he was conducting technical studies aboard various naval vessels such as the Battleship Andrea Doria and the Submarine Scirè where he familiarized with Prince Junio Valerio Borghese, by then commander of the submarine, who already knew of his years at the Academy. In 1940, Borghese requested him to form part of the newly restructured Decima Flottiglia MAS. Along with captain Travaglini, step hold Office of Submarine Secret Weapons, where, after several losses and failed attacks on the British base in Malta, he made improvements to the first human torpedoes, originally designed by Teseo Tesei and known as Siluro a lenta Corsa (SLC) and nicknamed "Maiale" (Pig, in English), eliminating the cause of many problems.Using the experience gained and scientific, industrial, and technological progress, he began the construction of a similar design, but with significantly higher characteristics. Launched from the submarine Scire, two men maneuvered it from a cockpit. Once near the boat, they placed the explosives with a timer. As director of the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons, he also designed and updated the Motoscafo Armato Silurante (MAS), motorboats of between 20 and 30 tons displacement, with a crew of 10 men armed with two torpedoes, plus

masks:
Mario Elbano Masciulli Manelli
Masciulli


title: Mario Masciulli

texts:
 several machine guns and occasionally a small-caliber cannon. The biggest success of the Maiale occurred on December 19, 1941, when Lieutenant Luigi Durand de la Penne and Emilio Bianchi used two maiale to defend the port of Alexandria, Egypt, and severely damaged two British battleships ( and )
Other weapons were designed and built by the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons: these included acoustic mines and incendiary bombs which were designed so that the pilots of the torpedoes could introduce them into enemy ports. Siluro San Bartolomeo
When using the Maiale Human Torpedo, Masciulli noticed some limitations, demonstrating the need for an updated version. The improvement in the materials available for the assembly and parallel new technologies led to a far superior product to the point of not being able to identify and as an outgrowth of the "Siluro a Lenta Corsa" SLC Maiale.So the Siluro San Bartolomeo had born. The project was managed and developed by the engineer of the Genio Navale, Major <mask>, with the help of Captain G.N Travaglino,  with help from engineer Guido Cattaneo. Also helping with the direction of Submarine Weapons Arsenal, La Spezia. Armistice, September 8, 1943
The new Badoglio government of Italy signed an armistice with the Allies. Further attacks on Gibraltar using the new and larger replacement for the SLC (the Siluro San Bartolomeo type), and a planned raid on New York City were called off due to the Italian surrender. Just three Siluro San Bartolomeo had been manufactured for the date of the Armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces, two remained in La Spezia and one was sent to Venice, which was found at the end of the war. Both of La Spezia were consigned to the La Castagna Task Force, an old battery of the Decima Flottiglia MAS under the command of Lieutenant Augusto Jacobacci (Siluro San Bartolomeo pilot).Those had been designated to attack Gibraltar, but the action was suspended with the Armistice signed on 3 September


title: Mario Masciulli

texts:
 1943 but made public on 8 September, between the Kingdom of Italy and the Allies armed forces. After War
The engineer <mask>i was injured in a leg and both hands, for a technical accident in 1943, while he was doing a personal test aboard a Maiale. After the war he was promoted to the rank of colonel, always maintained close contact with Borghese. Later plays for several years as director of the important company " Pirelli ", based in Milan. The company had already demonstrated their competence and high capacity when the engineer, as head of the Office of Submarine Secret Weapons, asking them material for the preparation of the costumes used by the "Frogmen". In 1957 known in Milano, Italy, the Vice Admiral Carlos Larrazabal, Venezuelan Military attache in Italy and brother of the next President Wolfgang Larrazabal. He then asked for his vast knowledge, to teach at the Naval Academy and decided to move and settle in Caracas.The rest of his life he worked as an entrepreneur in Venezuela along with several Italians who had also belonged to the Regia Marina. He died in Caracas, of natural causes on October 16, 1991, in peace. For the 1953 Italian war film  Siluri umani (internationally released as Human Torpedoes)  directed by Antonio Leonviola. narrated the adventures of this secret weapons. One of its military advisors was <mask> and the former admiral Marcantonio Bragadin. Leonviola came into conflict with the film's producers just before its completion and was replaced by Carlo Lizzani. See also
Regia Marina
Siluro San Bartolomeo
Human torpedo
Decima Flottiglia MAS
MAS (boat)

External links
La Decima MAS
Comando Supremo: Italy at War - Italian naval assault units: Decima Flottiglia MAS
Associazione Combattenti X Flottiglia MAS
Siluro a Lenta Corsa

Bibliography

 Schofield, William.Frogmen First Battles. New York, 2000

References

1909 births
1991 deaths
20th-century Italian inventors
People from the Province of Livorno
Regia Marina personnel of World

masks:
Mario Masciull
Masciulli


title: Tai Solarin

texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (20 August 1922 – 27 July 1994) was a Nigerian educator and author. He established the famous Mayflower School, Ikenne, Ogun State in 1956. In 1952, <mask> became the principal of Molusi College, Ijebu Igbo, a post he held till 1956 when he became the proprietor and principal of Mayflower School. Early life
<mask> was born in Ikenne, Ogun State, in Western Nigeria on 20 August 1922, the first child in a set of twins. His twin sister, <mask> died in 1991 at about 69 years. He attended Wesley College Ibadan. Solarin was inspired by the writings of Nnamdi Azikiwe who encouraged young people to travel abroad for study.His initial attempt to gain a passport fell through but he later enlisted in the British Air Force and served with the Royal Air Force as a navigator in the Second World War. He remained in Britain, studying at University of Manchester, and then at the University of London. <mask> married English-born Sheila Mary Tuer in 1951. <mask> returned to Nigeria and became a tutor at Molusi  College, which was supported by the community and Christians in Ijebu-Igbo. In 1952, he was appointed the school's principal succeeding Stephen Awokoya who had just been appointed the regional Minister for Education. <mask>, an humanist had a mission to 're-educate' the community and decided to make some changes. He removed morning prayers and religious studies as a subject in the school.However, some of the changes found opposition within the local community where his brother was a reverend. He decided to quit and found his own school with the approval of Awokoya the former Principal. He established Mayflower school on January 27,

masks:
Augustus Taiwo
Tai
Solarin
Solarin
Solarin
Kehinde Solarin
Tai Solarin
Solarin
Solarin


title: Tai Solarin

texts:
 1956. Mayflower
The Mayflower campus, which he established, is made up of hundreds of hectares of land, based in <mask>in's birth Place, Ikenne, Ogun State. Approximately 15,000 students are in attendance . The campus includes classrooms, administration buildings, small houses for many of the teachers, dormitory accommodations for about 5,000 boarders, and a farm. The school is noted for very high academic achievement.Post independence critics
<mask> is one of the post-Independence civil rights critics and activists in his native Nigeria; some others were Fela Anikulapo-Kuti (musician) Beko Ransome-Kuti, Wole Soyinka (Nobel Laureate), Ayodele Awojobi, Dele Giwa, Gani Fawehinmi (lawyer), and Ken Saro-Wiwa. For the majority of the first forty years after independence, Nigeria had no effective opposition to the mostly military government of the day. These activists acted as an effective opposition to the ruling government. In 1975, when the General Gowon Regime delayed returning power to a civilian regime, <mask> published his "The Beginning of the End" statement, which he then physically distributed on the roadside. He was subsequently imprisoned for this act. Throughout his lifetime <mask> fought running battles with various governments in a bid to improve the lot of Nigerians. Mr. <mask> was an intellectual guru for Nigeria's disenchanted and disfranchised for four decades.His writings in magazines and newspapers, highlighting what he called the hypocrisy and vulgarity of the Nigeria of his day, frequently angered people in power. He was a vehement critic of military rule in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation, and an ombudsman in three

masks:
Tai Solar
Tai Solarin
Tai
Tai
Solarin


title: Tai Solarin

texts:
 states in 1976 and 1977
As a columnist, <mask> was a relentless critic of Nigerian military rule, as well as of corruption in the government and the church. He was often jailed for his public remarks. Modesty
In a country and an age where dignitaries wore flowing Agbada to show their wealth and position, <mask> was known to always wear simple khaki shorts and shirt. Quotes
'I fight with an indomitable spirit, my back to the wall, defeat is for those who accept it' 'The greatest strands of affection are woven in adversity. Leadership means suffering. The Leader, who has no marks, indelible marks to show either on his physical body or in his mind have never led'.'How many Socrates did Greece breed? How many Nehru's did India breed? They have one each but they all had one thing in common, sense of mission. An unquenchable thirst to get things done. We need as in this instance only one courageous Nigerian to take a stand. But no Nigerian wants to offer his head to break a coconut'. Prophet of self-reliance
One of <mask>in's basic principles was self-reliance, a part of the curriculum at Mayflower.The Peoples Bank
In 1989, The Peoples Bank was founded by the government, and <mask> became the first chairman. The bank was created to disburse soft loans and other forms of credit to the very poor to start their own businesses. Humanist
<mask> was also a well known humanist and misunderstood by some as atheist who opposed the ownership of the schools by churches. <mask>in once said that "black(people) hold onto their God just as the drunken man holds on to the street lamp post—for physical support only." In 2004, the Mayflower School played host to an

masks:
Tai
Tai
Tai Solar
Tai Solarin
Tai Solarin
Tai Solar


title: Tai Solarin

texts:
 International Humanist Conference, commemorating the life and work of <mask>in. It was attended by guests from the United States, Africa and Europe. <mask> wrote regularly for the Daily Times, the Nigerian Tribune and The Guardian.Tai Solarin University of education
In November 2005, the Nigerian National Universities Commission (NUC) formally recognised the "Tai Solarin University of Education" (TASUED) Ogun State, as the first specialised university of education, the 27th state university and the 76th university in Nigeria. Works
Towards Nigeria's Moral Self-Government,
Thinking with You. A Message for Young Nigerians. To Mother With Love. Mayflower; the story of a school. Timeless Tai. References

1922 births
1994 deaths
Yoruba educators
Yoruba activists
People from Ogun State
Nigerian atheists
Nigerian activists
Nigerian writers
Alumni of the University of London
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
20th-century Nigerian writers
Yoruba writers
English-language writers from Nigeria
Nigerian humanists
Nigerian people of World War II
20th-century Nigerian educators
Prisoners and detainees of Nigeria
Founders of Nigerian schools and colleges
Navigators
Twin people from Nigeria
Fraternal twins
Heads of schools in

masks:
Tai Solar
Tai Solarin


title: Eliza Hittman

texts:
<mask> (born December 9, 1979) is an American screenwriter, film director, and producer from New York City. She has won multiple awards for her film Never Rarely Sometimes Always, which include the New York Film Critics Circle Award and the National Society of Film Critics Award—both for best screenplay. Early life

<mask> was born and raised in Flatbush, Brooklyn. She grew up with her father, an anthropologist, and her mother, a social worker. As she grew up she attended Edward R. Murrow High School in Brooklyn, where she was a theater buff. She graduated from Indiana University in 2001 with a BA in theater and drama, but later went on to study art and film, and in 2010 received her MFA from the School of Film/Video at California Institute of the Arts. <mask> is Jewish.In between the time of her BA and MFA, <mask> staged plays back in New York City. She didn’t see a future or career in theater. This is jump to film is what ultimately led her to California Institute of the Arts. While at the California Institute of the arts, she met her partner Scott Cummings. They share a child, born circa 2014. Career

In 2010, <mask> wrote and directed a short film while in grad school titled, Second Cousins Once Removed. This short film premiered at Oberhausen festival in Germany, and was the first film she ever submitted to any festival.Her short film Forever's Gonna Start Tonight premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was on Indiewire's "The Best of the Best" list. <mask>'s first feature film, It Felt Like Love, premiered at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival and opened at the IFC Center in New York in March 2014. It has received positive reviews, with a score of 84% on Rotten Tomatoes. It was a Critic's Pick of both The New York Times and the Village Voice. She was named one of Filmmaker Magazine'''s 25 New Faces of Indie Film in 2013. Her second film Beach Rats, was selected for the 2015 Sundance Screenwriter's Lab, had its world premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival on January 23, 2017, and was acquired by

masks:
Eliza Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman
Hittman


title: Eliza Hittman

texts:
 Neon. Her third film, Never Rarely Sometimes Always, is about two teenagers in rural Pennsylvania who travel to New York City to access an abortion for an unwanted pregnancy.It premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival, where it won a Special Jury Award for Neo-Realism. The film was also selected to compete for the Golden Bear in the main competition section at the 70th Berlin International Film Festival and won Silver Bear Grand Jury Prize, the second most prestigious prize at the festival. In a 2020 interview with FF2 Media, <mask> explains the balance she struck between documentary cinema vérité and narrative: "[Planned Parenthood] read drafts, gave me access to people to interview, and allowed us to shoot in their facility. It was a balance, I think, because obviously, I'm not a documentary filmmaker. The film is ultimately a character study. I really tried to absorb as much perspective and information as I could but then sort of shape it into a unique fictional story." As far as future work, in an interview from 2020, Hittman says she has "something simmering inside my head."Style and themes
<mask> has been noted to make films that surround teen sexuality and female hardships. Her first feature film It Felt Like Love has its plot embedded in the sexualization of a young teenage girl and how she navigates a world of predatory men. Her second film Beach Rats is a story that highlights the idea of masculinity in young men and their sexual interests. Her most recent film, Never Rarely Sometimes Always, follows two girls on their struggle to get an abortion. In terms of visuals, <mask>’s camera work tends to frame the characters very closely, usually in long takes. Filmography
 Film

 Television

 Short films

Accolades
In 2014, for It Felt Like Love, she was nominated for the Bingham Ray Breakthrough Director Award, and for the John Cassavetes Spirit Award. With her sophomore film, Beach Rats, in 2017 <mask> won the Directing Award: Dramatic at the Sundance Film Festival, Best Screenwriting in a

masks: Hittman Hittman Hittman Hittman


title: Eliza Hittman

texts:
 U.S.Feature at Outfest, the Grand Jury Prize at the Independent Film Festival Boston, and the Future/Now Prize at the Montclair Film Festival. Beach Rats was nominated for several more awards during its premiere season. In 2017, Beach Rats premiered in the US Dramatic Competition at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival, where she won the Directing Award, and internationally premiered at Locarno in the Golden Leopard Competition and was the Centerpiece Film at New Directors / New Films. In 2018, it was nominated for Best Cinematography and Best Male Lead at the Independent Spirit awards and a Breakthrough Actor Award for the Gothams Awards.Beach Rats was also the winner of the Best Narrative Film at the 2017 Independent Film Festival of Boston, the Best Feature Film at the 2017 Hamburg Film Festival, and the Outstanding Screenwriting in a U.S. Feature at the L.A. Outfest Awards.. This film was very accomplished in 2017. She was a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship for film-video in 2018.In 2020, <mask> was nominated for and won the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Screenplay for Never Rarely Sometimes Always''. She also won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Screenplay. In 2021, she was selected as Jury President for International competition section of 74th Locarno Film Festival held from 4 to 14 August. See also
 List of female film and television directors
 List of LGBT-related films directed by women

References

External links

American women film directors
American women screenwriters
American people of Jewish descent
Jewish American screenwriters
California Institute of the Arts alumni
Edward R. Murrow High School alumni
Film directors from New York City
Indiana University alumni
Living people
People from Flatbush, Brooklyn
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Sundance Film Festival award winners
Writers from Brooklyn
American television directors
American women television directors
21st-century American women writers
21st-century American screenwriters
1979 births
21st-century


title: Samuel Howitt

texts:
<mask> (1756/57–1822) was an English painter, illustrator and etcher of animals, hunting, horse-racing and landscape scenes. He worked in both oils and watercolors. Life and work

<mask> was a member of an old Nottinghamshire Quaker family. In early life he lived at Chigwell, near Epping Forest, Essex, was financially independent and devoted himself to field sports. However he ran into financial difficulties and was obliged to turn to art as a profession - which up until then he had engaged in as a talented amateur. Coming to London, he was for a time a drawing master at <mask>'s school in Ealing. In 1783, he exhibited 3 coloured drawings of hunting subjects with the Incorporated Society of Artists.From time to time he continued to exhibit there and at the Royal Academy, beginning in 1784 with a hunting piece, followed in 1785 by two landscapes - "A view of the ruins of an abbey" and "Fairlop Oak". In 1793 he showed "Jaques and the Deer" and "A Fox Hunt"; in 1794, "Smugglers alarmed"; in 1800, two  pictures titled "Deer"; in 1814 "Dead game"; and in 1815, "Bella, horrida Bella". He probably exhibited so little because he was in such demand as a commercial illustrator. <mask> worked both in oils and water-colours, for the most part confining himself to sporting subjects and illustrations of natural history, which were carefully executed, spirited and truthful. These, as <mask> represented in his New Work of Animals, were “drawn from the life" and published so as to "assist the pencil of the designer who has not had an opportunity to pay the same attention to this branch of the art”. However, notes in one sketchbook

masks:
Samuel Howitt
Howitt
Samuel Goodenough
Howitt
Howitt


title: Samuel Howitt

texts:
 containing watercolours of apes and monkeys indicate that, while some there certainly were viewed in private menageries, others were studies of stuffed specimens from William Bullock’s museum and the British Museum. <mask> was closely associated in his art with Thomas Rowlandson, whose sister he married, and his works did, at one time, often pass for those of his brother-in-law; but, unlike Rowlandson, he was a practical sportsman, and his scenes were more accurately composed.He was a clever and industrious etcher, and published a great number of plates similar in character to his drawings, and delicately executed with a fine needle. He also produced a number of caricatures in the manner of Rowlandson. <mask> was particularly noted for the illustrations in (Captain) Thomas Williamson's Oriental Field Sports (1807), based on sketches made by the author in India . He also illustrated several other works: Thoughts on Hunting (London: D. Bremner, 1798), Other publications included Miscellaneous Etchings of Animals (50 plates, 1803); British Field Sports (20 coloured plates, 1807); The Angler's Manual (12 plates, 1808); A New Work of Animals (100 plates, 1811); Groups of Animals (24 plates, 1811); The British Sportsman (70 plates, 1812); Foreign Field Sports (110 plates, 1819). In 1822 <mask> died in Somers Town, London, and was buried in St. Pancras cemetery. A new work of animals
Some idea of <mask>’s ingenuity and commercial resourcefulness can be gained from considering his compilation of A New Work of Animals, a series of copper engravings in quarto format “principally designed from the fables of Aesop, Gay and

masks: Howitt Howitt Howitt Howitt


title: Samuel Howitt

texts: Phaedrus”. The idea of an album of animal portraits is presented in a prefatory note as a new venture  that “strange as it may appear, has never before been done by any British artist”.<mask> “has preferred representing most of the animals in fables, as allowing more scope for delineating the expression, the character and the passions,” and he hopes that, by being "studious to attain correctness, he may deserve the approbation of the natural historian" and instruct fellow painters. This will explain why, out of a hundred plates, only 56 illustrate fables, the rest being of animal or hunting subjects. For the text of the fables, <mask> had extracted those of Aesop (and Phaedrus) from the prose collection of <mask>, including his lengthy moralising "applications". John Gay's fables are in rhyme and only account for 27 pages out of 106 of text. Separate plates were bound in sideways opposite the title, followed by one of the supplementary illustrations. However, beneath the title of each plate there is an inscription indicating that some of these were designed in the years 1809-10, antedating the publication of the book itself in 1811 and suggesting that they were sold separately at that date, and probably afterwards too. Since fables carried a moral, they had wider popular appeal than elitist sporting subjects and could be mounted on walls for the edification of whoever saw them.Such plates were available in both black and white and in tinted versions. In addition, <mask> also created watercolours from the designs that were sold with the moral printed round the card mount. In this way, from a single work the artist was

masks:
Howitt
Howitt
Samuel Croxall
Howitt


title: Samuel Howitt

texts:
 able to extract three sources of income. A second edition of the whole book was published in 1818. <mask>'s plates were also to be republished after his death. Further evidence of the esteem in which his work continued to be held was the use made of six illustrations as the basis of the Mintons, Hollins set of Aesop's Fables tiles, first issued in 1870, sixty years later. These included “The Tortoise and the Hare”, “The Cock, the Dog and the Fox”, “The Sick Stag”, “The Boar and the Fox”, “The Bear and the Travellers” and “The Bear and the Bees”.References

Bibliography (selected)
Illustrated by Howitt:
 Oriental Field Sports: Being a Complete, Detailed, and Accurate Description of the Wild Sports of the East; and Exhibiting, in a Novel and Interesting Manner, the Natural History of the Elephant, the Rhinoceros, the Tiger, the Leopard, the Bear, the Deer, the Buffalo, the Wolf, the Wild Hog, the Jackall, the Wild Dog, the Civet, and Other Undomesticated Animals: As Likewise the Different Species of Feathered Game, Fishes, and Serpents, London 1807, Volume 1
Groups of Animals, Containing Forty-four Plates, Drawn from the Life and Etched, London 1811
A New Work of Animals, London 1811; a better and more complete copy is accessible in the Online Archive
Foreign Field Sports, Fisheries, Sporting Anecdotes,&c, London 1819

External links

Works by <mask> (Heatons of Tisbury)
<mask>itt online (ArtCyclopedia)
Howitt on Artnet

Animal artists
18th-century English painters
English male painters
19th-century English painters
English watercolourists
Landscape artists
People from Nottinghamshire
1756 births
1822 deaths
People

masks:
Howitt
Samuel Howitt
Samuel How


title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
<mask> () is an Iraqi novelist and journalist born in Al Basrah, Iraq. He earned his doctorate (PhD) in Physics and Mathematics from Moscow State University (1993). He has published four novels, the most recent of which was Baghdad's Dead, as well as three collections of short stories and books about press release, literature and politics, both original works and translations. He has worked for several international and Arab newspapers. He has also won awards for stories, theater and journalism. Literary activity

Early works

<mask>'s first novel, A Summer at the South, was published in 1983, followed by the publication of two novels in the 1980s, Lighthouses and The Twin, in addition to three collections of short stories: A Fading Shadow, The Living Shrine and The Coronets. Baghdad's Dead
In 2008, the writer published Baghdad's Dead, a novel about a man who returns to Iraq during war.This man (anonymous throughout the novel) acquired a deep knowledge of the ontology of the dead through bonding with them in the morgue while studying medicine in Moscow, in addition to physics and mathematics. This was reflected in the recurrence of quotes, which are used as the chapter openers of the novel, thus forming a poetic rhythm to the language of the dead engraved on their chests as an Ouija legendary board. <mask> <mask> has built a strategy that roams around hundreds of notations, using extracts from ancient books and those of more recent times to support his theory about the "Human truth" in its finest forms, deepest connotations and utmost prospects. This arduous work requires consideration of the poetic quality of death, research about "the Creation – Genetic Modification" of the characteristics of individuals and ethnic groups and the prediction of their biological and social future, as well as going through Gilgamesh, Al-Maʿarri, Dante and dozens of contemporary writers. Baghdad's Dead revealed an epic vision of the reality

masks:
Jamal Hussein Ali
Jamal Hussein Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali


title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
 of the post-US invasion of Iraq through the forensic medicine morgue in the capital, where the protagonist in the novel seeks the creation of the new "Adam" out of modified genes extracted from the bodies of victims of the occupation, militias and gangs. Baghdad's Dead, published in 2008, was considered the first novel in Iraq to adapt the idea of "creating" a human model out of the corpses of the victims. The novelist invested all the data of modern science such as medicine, anatomy and genome to embrace the tragic occupation in an Iraqi novel that was considered one of the most important novels covering Iraq's history at this stage.<mask> <mask> used in this novel the literary style embracing fictional metaphors and artistic expressions revealing a passion for literature. On the other hand, and because of his academic background in science, <mask> <mask> adopted the scientific style when necessary, combining science and literature through a narrative plot that mixed reality and fiction along with scientific and literary knowledge. Documentary literature

Based on his previous job as a war correspondent, a collection of books in documentary literature by <mask> <mask> was published: Wheat of Fire – Women during the Nights of War, Initiating the Needle's Hole that covers his experience during the war in Afghanistan, Hell's Awakening that covers his experience during the war in Chechnya, Flowers' Altar that covers his experience during the war in Kurdistan, Imams Lobbies/ Windows that covers his experience during the war in Iraq, The Galaxy Bloom that covers his experience in the Iraqi Marshes (Al Ahwar). In 2013, another book was published, The Breakage of the Sunflower: pain of a war correspondent, diaries, Afghanistan, Chechnya, Kurdistan, Iraq, wrapping all his experiences while covering the conflicts and wars in those regions. In his book Wheat of Fire – Women during the Nights of War, <mask> <mask> used his famous

masks:
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali


title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
 poetic language to influentially intensify women's conditions in Afghanistan, Chechnya, Kurdistan and Iraq, revealing all the chaos in these regions as an attempt to briefly summarize the history's lessons and its nonexistent justice. The book highlights women's conditions in the countries that lived the war for a long period of time, affecting its social structures, thus exposing these women to another kind of war in the absence of men. The book includes live testimonies, facts and statements captured from onsite suffering, transmitted by the writer with a style that reflects the pain that these women underwent due to oppression and tyranny, yet abiding by the principles of the journalistic report regarding its main elements.The book includes the following chapters: The Afghan woman (How does the Afghani woman spend her day; searching for the missing body; unveiling the Afghan beauty); the Chechen woman (the other Chechen woman; the scorched-earth women); the Kurdish woman (the Kurdish woman tree); the Wheat of Fire (Wheel of Desire; Blessed love; pretty women, but preserved); the Iraqi woman (unveiled announcement for "veiled" women in the Iraqi parliament; Girls Street; the joy of beautiful and patient women; her rush to the feast to break the anger; love in Baghdad; beauty contest between Iraq and Iran; harps of war; drivers in the ways of death and chaos; the Marsh Arabs Times). Sonnets
Two sonnets books by <mask> <mask> were published: Gratis Iraq and CV CUPIDO (The Book of Love). He also published The Great Men's Letters, a book that comprises a selection of extracts and expressions quoting famous authors, novelists and storytellers from around the world. In Gratis Iraq, the author describes the miserable situation in Iraq due to the war, blockades and political corruption, using heavy expressions in short passages. These texts hold a huge grief in regarding the situation in the author’s country during the last

masks:
Jamal Hussein
Ali


title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
 decades. In CV CUPIDO (The Book of Love), the author talks about the résumé of love through short passages, although its preface is quite long and poetic, in addition to some short articles. The book also includes quotes to writers, artists and thinkers selected and translated by <mask> <mask>.The book treats questions such as: “Why has true love become so rare?” It also discusses subjects such as farewells, jealousy, confusion, fear of love, and many other subjects through a literary combination of diverse styles. In The Great Men's Letters, the author recalls the tradition of Arab heritage in gathering, preparing and selecting the nomad, stating "these are not extracts nor quotes, these are a complete fusion and a harmony I grasped from those who made our lives better and beautiful." The book does not include an index or arranged chapters, for this book is a parade of selected quotes with no separations. The author might intend that the reader directly examines these texts. Journalism

<mask> <mask> is currently working for Al-Qabas, the Kuwaiti newspaper. He has worked for many Arab and international media organizations such as Moscow Times and the newspaper Al Bayan in UAE. His reports on war were also published in Al Khaleej newspaper in United Arab Emirates as well as in the London-based newspaper Al-Zaman and in some Russian newspapers.He has also worked as an analyst for the Russian affairs in Al Jazeera News Channel and an analyst for the Iraqi affairs in the Orbit Channel. Although he studied Physics, <mask> <mask>'s early interest in journalism was attributed to its correlation with literature. He points out that this literary-scientific blend has paved his path in journalism, in which he became famous as a war correspondent. <mask> <mask> covered the Iran–Iraq War, the wars among Soviet republics, and the wars in Chechnya, Afghanistan, Bosnia, Kurdistan, Darfur, Iraq and Lebanon. In addition to the hundreds of


title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
 investigative journalism published, he issued a series of books about documentary literature related to the areas of conflict he had visited. <mask> <mask> considers, the war correspondent as the warning device that announces disasters settled by advertising agencies but wasted by distant wars through additional scandalous reports. He states that we should not be writing about cities, especially enraged ones, based on our passion or hate towards them, but based on what is worth to be added to the timeline, the future memories and the generations' lesson.<mask> <mask> perceives the photo/ image as a large professional and documentary value within the press reportage, thinking that it challenges and overcomes the written text, guarantees the provision of the subject and treating it based on wider angles, and expands the reader's perspectives leading him to the heart of the subject. <mask> <mask> has published many articles and research studies that covered political affairs in Iraq, Russia and Iran. He has also recorded many interviews with Iraqi politicians such as Jalal Talbani and Massoud Barzani. He has also published several articles and studies in cinema, literature, science and technology. For example, he published in 2011 a series of research articles addressing the cultural change after the collapse of totalitarian regimes in Romania, Poland, Czech Republic and Russia. Academic work

<mask> <mask> has worked as a lecturer in physics at Basra University before joining the University of Moscow to pursue his master's degree and doctorate in nuclear physics. Once he graduated, he worked as a professor of physics at the same university until 2003.Awards

Journalist of 2014 Award

<mask> <mask> won the Journalist of 2014 Award from the Arab Academy for Human Rights in the United Kingdom in 2014. This awards honors the work of the reporters and media workers and writers, to devote freedom of expression and defend human

masks:
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali


title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
 rights in order to mark out their efforts in the global and local media. According to the merits of the jury's decision to award the prize to <mask> <mask>, "the latter has an exceptional ability and courage that enabled him to document the moment of abuse and trauma, destruction and loss despite the fact that he was putting his life to danger; he can also communicate the feelings of fear through his writings to the readers and awaken the feelings of hope in them at the same time." The jury particularly praised his books; Wheat of Fire and The Breakage of the Sunflower, noting that Wheat of Fire – Women during the Nights of War is an investigative work and study of the conditions of women during the war, in which he covered the horrific attacks in Chechnya, Afghanistan, Kurdistan and Iraq, and reveals the ways women managed to take care of their families and protect them during the war. He also documents the courageous spirit, initiative and persistence and draws a picture of strength in confronting adversity. As for The Breakage of the Sunflower: pain of a war correspondent, the jury described it as a large documentary work full of emotions, and a diary of pain and destruction of the war correspondent which he experienced daily. This book documents the devastation the war left behind on the environment and the human mind at the same time.".Arab Journalism Award 2005

<mask> <mask> won the Arab Journalism Award in its fourth cycle for investigative journalism category. This award was established in 1999 aiming to contribute to the development of the Arab press, and to the promotion of its path by honoring excellent and distinguished Arab journalists. <mask> <mask> was the first Iraqi journalist to be granted the award for an overall of ten investigative reports published in Al-Qabas newspaper about the city of Najaf in Iraq, entitled (Najaf on fire). The jury described this investigation "as a direct field work for the

masks:
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali
Jamal Hussein
Ali


title: Jamal Hussein Ali

texts:
 writer, comprising new information on a delicate issue by the time, a personal intervention from the core, an interpretation of information and a pursuit to uncover its background. All these are necessary conditions for the investigative reports".". Literary awards

<mask> <mask> won numerous literary awards in novel, short story and theater writing starting in 1983, when his novel A Southern Summer won a discretionary award, followed by his two novels Lighthouses and The Twin, as well as many other short stories. Extracts

"As if he split himself into two parts: the first part being dedicated to the loved ones and the second to book the tickets for the dead, he realized that all the tricks that he evaluated scientifically and practically will bring him nothing but half a ticket, half a breeze and half a thread for the high hopes he put to face the harsh resistance of death, which embrace its residence during this time and at this place.""He who knows them will not let them live on the other's death, reconciling the will flowing out of his hands, not to embrace lilies which has bloomed, but which will bloom." Baghdad's Dead

“Women stories struggling through the wars will remain the most excessive stories weighing the truth, as the butterflies wandering in a slower pace above the scorching fields; these women who only have their skin, their children's confusion and the sore Wolds streets. Yet, we can never tell the reason behind the frozen picture in our memories, the picture that remains still in our minds after each war we live and write about, the picture of a woman scattering the whole alphabet to find the right lesson to be taught.”

“For example, if we pass by Chechen and Afghan women, the only song you can hum and sing with the Kurdish women in Iraq is the song that talks about half a century of wars, battles, fatigue arcades and ceilings of the shelters for rebels and stalkers; and a husband who barely spends half


title: Igor Kipnis

texts:
<mask> (September 27, 1930January 23, 2002) was a German-born American harpsichordist, pianist and conductor. Biography
The son of Metropolitan Opera bass <mask>, he was born in Berlin, where his father was singing with the Berlin State Opera. Although Jewish, the elder <mask> was popular in Germany during Nazism's rise to prominence. Employing the stratagem of a vocal injury, the elder <mask> fled Germany for Austria. When the Nazis annexed that country, the family was touring Australia. From there they moved to the US in 1938. He learned the piano with his maternal grandfather, Heniot Levy; attended the Westport School of Music, and received his B.A.from Harvard University, where he served as the program director of WHRB, Harvard's undergraduate radio station. He studied harpsichord with Fernando Valenti, and made his concert debut in New York in 1959. He was an honorary member of Phi Beta Kappa (Harvard, 1977), and in 1993 he was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters by Illinois Wesleyan University. <mask> lived in Redding, Connecticut. For five years he was president and artistic director of the Friends of Music of Fairfield County, the Connecticut chamber music series, in addition to having served thirteen years as co-artistic director of the Connecticut Early Music Festival. Dr. <mask> was also a member of the faculty of Fairfield University in the early 1970s, teaching between tours. He married Judith Robison on January 6, 1953.Their son, Jeremy R<mask>, became a film and record producer. <mask> and <mask> divorced in May 1996, but reconciled shortly before her death on March 1, 2001. He died in his home in Redding,

masks:
Igor Kipnis
Alexander Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
Kipnis
. Kipnis
Igor
Judith Kipnis


title: Igor Kipnis

texts:
 Connecticut, of renal cancer. His last concert was a solo piano recital in October 2001, in San Francisco. Music career

Following his debut in 1959, harpsichordist, fortepianist, duo-pianist, and clavichordist <mask> performed in recital and as soloist with orchestras throughout the world, including North, Central, and South America, Western and Eastern Europe, Israel, and Australia. <mask> performed as harpsichord soloist with the New York Philharmonic, the Chicago, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, Louisville, Dallas, Denver, Baltimore, Milwaukee, Seattle, Vancouver, Honolulu, and National Symphonies, the Minnesota Orchestra, the Capella Cracoviensis, the Boston Pops, the Munich Philharmonic, the New Amsterdam Sinfonietta, the Los Angeles, St. Paul, Cologne, Israel, New Stockholm, McGill, and Polish Chamber Orchestras, the New York Chamber Symphony, the Smithsonian Chamber Players, the Sinfonia of Sydney, and the Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. His appearances at international and domestic festivals included Bachwoche Ansbach, the Internationale Bachakademie Stuttgart, and Ludwigsburg in Germany, the Bath Festival in Great Britain, Gulbenkian in Portugal, Lanaudière in Canada, the Israel Festival, the Melbourne International Festival of Organ and Harpsichord, the Madeira Bach Festival, Poland's Music in Old Crakow, the Indianapolis Early Music Festival, and Prague Spring International Music Festival.<mask>'s enormous harpsichord repertoire encompassed not only the traditional 16th through the 18th Century composers but also includes contemporary music and jazz as well. He is especially noted for his entertaining concert-length presentation,

masks:
Kipnis
Igor Kipnis
Kipnis


title: Igor Kipnis

texts:
 The Light and Lively Harpsichord, which samples the full range of the harpsichord repertoire, from Bach to Brubeck, as well as for his informal mini-concerts whose format he has extensively pioneered at college student centers throughout the United States, and, additionally, for his performances and recordings on related early keyboard instruments, the fortepiano and clavichord, and for directing ensembles from the keyboard. In 1995, he formed a duo with New York pianist Karen Kushner, internationally performing works for (modern) piano, four hands. Broadcasting

A frequent guest on both television and radio, such as the syndicated program First Hearing, <mask> for three seasons hosted his own The Age of Baroque over WQXR in New York and was host on WGBH-Boston's  syndicated program, The Classical Organ. In 1978, he was the first harpsichordist to perform on the Grammy Awards telecast. Editions, reviews and articles

Oxford University Press has published numerous of his keyboard editions, including his anthology, A First Harpsichord Book. He was also noted for his record reviews and articles in such periodicals as  The International Classic Record Collector, The International Piano Quarterly, Gramophone Early Music, Goldberg, Early Music America, the internet music magazines Music & Vision and Stereo Times, Stereophile, Audio, FI, Schwann/Opus, Stereo Review, The American Record Guide, Clavier, Opus, Chamber Music Magazine, Early Keyboard Studies Newsletter, and The Yale Review, as well as having written for The Washington Post, the New York Post, and the New York Herald Tribune.He was also involved in compiling A Harpsichord Resource Book


title: Igor Kipnis

texts:
 for Greenwood Press, and editing the harpsichord and clavichord volume of a three-volume set – Encyclopedia of Keyboard Instruments, of which the harpsichord and clavichord volume was published in 2007, Routledge published the set – vol.1 The Piano (2003); vol.2 The Organ (2006); and <mask>'s vol.3 The Harpsichord and Clavichord (2007). <mask> also wrote Instruments writing A Harpsichord Tutor for Oxford University Press, and, for Amadeus Press, preparing a biography of his father, the late Metropolitan Opera bass, <mask>. He was also for a time responsible for the covers and background sleeve notes for Westminster Records. He was the co-author of a book about Mozart, Mozart and the Royal Society, which he published together with Bern Dibner for the Burndy Library in 1985. Recordings

He was a prolific recording artist, with 106 albums to his credit, of which 93 were solo. Among the honors he received were 9 Grammy nominations, three "Record of the Year" awards from Stereo Review,  the 1969 Deutsche Schallplatten Prize, and the 1988 Gold Star award from the Italian periodical, Musica. Keyboard, in that magazine's annual readers' poll, named him "Best Harpsichordist" in 1978, 1979, and 1980 and "Best Classical Keyboardist" in 1982 and 1986.Among his last record releases were The Virtuoso Scarlatti, fifteen sonatas played on five harpsichords after historical prototypes built by Hubbard of Boston  and Vivaldi‘s The Four Seasons, in which he directed members of the Connecticut Early Music Festival from the keyboard (both on Chesky Records – produced and recorded by his son, <mask>), Sony CD reissues of The Spanish Harpsichord, the complete

masks:
Kipnis
Kipnis
Alexander Kipnis
Jeremy Kipnis


title: Igor Kipnis

texts:
 Bach Harpsichord Concertos with Neville Marriner conducting, Bach's Italian Concerto and Second English Suite (together with works for clavichord), Harpsichord – Greatest Hits, as well as the complete Fantasias of J. S. Bach for harpsichord and clavichord (on Arabesque), A Treasury of Harpsichord Favorites and Mozart on the 1793 Fortepiano (two anthologies on Music & Arts), and <mask> – The First Solo Harpsichord Recordings (on VAI). He recorded for Epiphany, Chesky, Angel (EMI), Sony Music/CBS, VAI, Arabesque, Music & Arts Programs of America, London (Decca), Musical Heritage Society, Intercord, Teichiku, Nonesuch, MCA, CRI, Grenadilla, Vanguard, Nitepro, King, Start, Golden Crest and Newport Classic. References

External links
 Interview with <mask>, April 5, 2001
 Mind My Harpsichord!, In Affectionate Memory of <mask>, by Bill Newman, Music & Vision, March 15, 2002, retrieved October 4, 2006
 A Man of Many Talents, by Jennifer Paull, January 25, 2002, retrieved October 4, 2006
 Stereophile Obituary, by Wes Phillips, February 3, 2002, retrieved October 4, 2006
 [ Biography], by Joseph Stevenson, allmusic, retrieved October 4, 2006

1930 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American musicians
20th-century classical pianists
20th-century German musicians
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American harpsichordists
Chesky Records artists
Classical piano duos
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
Deaths from kidney cancer
German emigrants to the United States
Harvard University alumni
Jewish American classical musicians
Musicians from Connecticut
Musicians from Berlin
People from Redding, Connecticut
20th-century American Jews
21st-century

masks:
Igor Kipnis
Igor Kipnis
Igor Kipnis


title: Hugues Alexandre Joseph Meunier

texts:
<mask> (23 November 1758 or 1751 – 9 December 1831) was a French Army general during the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Biography

1768–1795
Born in Mont-Louis to the mercenary general <mask>, he became a cadet in the Lyonnais Regiment on 30 June 1768, aged nine, with the rank of sub-lieutenant. He was promoted to lieutenant in 1774 and captain in 1782, both in the same regiment. He fought in the naval campaigns of 1779 to 1783 under the command of Charles-Gustave de Falkenhayn, including service at the sieges of Mahon and Gibraltar. He was made a chevalier de Saint-Louis for long service in 1791 and lieutenant-colonel of the 34th Line Infantry Regiment on 5 February 1792. He thus served in the Army of the North under generals Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette and Charles-François Dumouriez, commanding the 1st Grenadier Battalion in its reserves from 1 August to 15 September 1792. In that role he converged to guarantee the armée du Grand-Pré's safe retreat to Sainte-Menehould, bringing in all the position's artillery under enemy fire and beat off several Prussian attacks at the entrance to Senuc wood.However, in taking his battalion and a squadron under Chamborand in to support, he was attacked by seven enemy squadrons protected by light artillery and was badly wounded in the arm by a sabre. Wishing to reward his services, the commander in chief made him a colonel on the field of battle, ranking in his regiment from 24th of the previous month, the date at which a vacancy had

masks:
Hugues Alexandre Joseph Meunier
Hugues Meunier


title: Hugues Alexandre Joseph Meunier

texts:
 appeared at the rank of colonel. Pierre Riel de Beurnonville, then a general and minister for war, also showed the government's appreciation by sending him a fully equipped horse. After recovering from his wounds, Meunier returned to the Army of the North, in which he now acted as a brigadier general. He was commanded to man the defence lines at Pont-à-Marcq and Mons-en-Pévèle and given a force of 8,000 men to do so. Next he commanded the citadel at Lille when that city was threatened by the enemy – he organised eight newly raised battalions, then (as a result of recruiting) moved to the Vendée to command 1st Battalion of the 34th Line Infantry Regiment. There he fought against the Quiberon Expedition and was made a brigadier general by the commander in chief Lazare Hoche on the field of battle on 16 July 1795 – this rank was confirmed on 23 August.Republic to Empire
Later in 1795 he was put in command of one of the divisions of the Army of the Coasts of Brest, later known as the Army of the Coasts of the Ocean. Soon Hoche, Louis Thomas Villaret de Joyeuse and Laurent Truguet put him in command of a planned expedition to capture the Cape of Good Hope, though this never came to fruition. Hoche then ordered <mask> to raise 17,000 men as the second half of the planned Expédition d'Irlande and put Meunier in command of them. Hoche and his invasion force set off for Ireland on 15 December 1796 but when it reached the open sea the frigate carrying the general was separated from the main force by a storm


title: Cesare Terranova

texts:
<mask> (; 25 August 1921 – 25 September 1979) was an Italian judge and politician from Sicily notable for his anti-Mafia stance. From 1958 until 1971 <mask> was an examining magistrate at the Palermo prosecuting office. He was one of the first to seriously investigate the Mafia and the financial operations of Cosa Nostra. He was killed by the Mafia in 1979. <mask> can be considered the predecessor of the magistrates Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino who were also killed by the Mafia in 1992. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 25 August 1921, in Petralia Sottana, a small town located at about 70 km southeast of Palermo (Sicily). He entered the judiciary in 1946.In 1958 he became the head of the Examining Office at the Palermo Court. At the time the prosecution was separated in an examining phase (the so-called instruction phase) and a prosecuting phase. <mask> helped bring numerous Mafiosi to trial and subsequent imprisonment. He was a key figure in the Trial of the 114 which saw many prominent Mafiosi on trial for their role in the First Mafia War in the early 1960s that ended with the Ciaculli massacre on 30 June 1963. On 31 May 1965, he ordered the prosecution of 114 mafiosi. However, despite <mask>’s efforts, the sentence of the Trial of the 114 on 22 December 1968, by the Court of Catanzaro was a disappointment and many prominent mafiosi were acquitted. All but 10 of the 114 defendants were acquitted.Angelo La Barbera got 22 years and Tommaso Buscetta 14 years for two so-called “white deaths”  - the so-called lupara bianca which is used to refer to a mafia-style murder in which the victim's body is deliberately hidden. <mask> was the first to acknowledge the existence of a Sicilian Mafia Commission. He based himself on a confidential report of the Carabinieri of 28 May 1963, where a confidential informant revealed the existence of a commission composed of

masks:
Cesare Terranova
Terranova
Cesare Terranova
Cesare Terranova
Terranova
Terranova
Terranova


title: Cesare Terranova

texts:
 fifteen persons – six from Palermo city and the rest from towns in the province – "each with the rank of boss of either a group or a Mafia family." Judge <mask> did not believe that the existence of a commission meant that the Mafia was a tightly unified structure. <mask> also led investigations into the connections between the Mafia and politics. He looked into the exploits of the prominent Sicilian politician Salvatore Lima as mayor of Palermo and concluded that Lima was in league with a number of Mafiosi, including Angelo La Barbera. In an indictment in 1964, <mask> wrote: "it is clear that Angelo and Salvatore La Barbera (well-known bosses in the Palermo area) ... knew former mayor Salvatore Lima and maintained relations in such a way as to ask for favours.... The undeniable contacts of the La Barbera mafiosi with the one who was the first citizen of Palermo ... constitute a confirmation of ... the infiltration of the Mafia in several sectors of public life." However, nothing came of his enquiries or allegations. Prosecuting the Corleonesi
<mask> made little attempt to hide the fact that his ambition was to bring Luciano Leggio, the boss of the Corleone Mafia Family – known as the Corleonesi – to justice. In 1965 <mask> ordered the prosecution of over sixty Corleonesi, including Leggio (Trial Leggio + 63), for a series of murders in Corleone from 1958 to 1963. The most prominent victim had been the Mafia-boss of Corleone, Michele Navarra. However, the sentence of the Bari Court on 10 June 1969 resulted in acquittals for all the 64 defendants.The jury found Leggio guilty of stealing grain in 1948, for which he received a suspended sentence, but he was pronounced not guilty on all other accounts, including the murders of Placido Rizzotto and Navarra. The judges and prosecutors received anonymous letters threatening them with death. Salvatore Riina – Leggio's eventual

masks: Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova


title: Cesare Terranova

texts:
 successor – was acquitted in 1969 and remained at large until his capture in 1993. The Corleonesi were also indicted in the Trial of the 114 related to the First Mafia War that resulted in the Ciaculli Massacre, that was also prepared by <mask>. During an interrogation preparing the trial, Leggio refused to answer questions. When in response to one of them, Leggio replied that he could not even recall his own name or his parents, <mask> instructed the clerk: “Write that Leggio does not know whose son he is.” Leggio was infuriated with the implication that he was a bastard. The incident was the beginning of a deep hatred by Leggio for <mask>.“Leggio actually had foam on his lips; he would have killed me on the spot if he could,” <mask> told his wife. The prosecution appealed successfully against the Catanzaro verdict that had acquitted Leggio and had him tried in absentia in 1970. This time Leggio was found guilty, although he had left jail after the Catanzaro trial, given the time they had already spent in detention while awaiting trial, and it was not until 1974 that Leggio was finally captured again and taken into custody. Antimafia Commission
After the failure to fight the Mafia through the courts, <mask> changed strategy. In May 1972, he was elected as a representative in the Italian Parliament for the Independent Left under the auspices of the Italian Communist Party (PCI). He became the secretary of the Antimafia Commission that was established in 1963 after the Ciaculli massacre. He was re-elected in 1976.<mask> together with PCI deputy Pio La Torre wrote the minority report of the Antimafia Commission that was published in 1976, which pointed to links between the Mafia and prominent politicians in particular of the Christian Democrat party (DC - Democrazia Cristiana). <mask> had urged his colleagues of the majority to take their responsibility. According to the

masks: Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova


title: Cesare Terranova

texts:
 minority report:
… it would be a grave error on the part of the Commission to accept the theory that the Mafia-political link has been eliminated. Even today the behaviour of the ruling DC group in the running of the City and the Provincional Councils offers the most favourable terrain for the perpetuation of the system of Mafia power. However, the reports and the documentation of the Antimafia Commission were essentially disregarded. <mask> would talk of “thirteen wasted years” of the Antimafia Commission, and did not seek re-election again. Death

After seven years in Rome, at the end of the legislature in June 1979, <mask> <mask> asked to be re-instated in the judiciary and was appointed as the chief examining magistrate at the Court in Palermo to take the fight against the Mafia to the courts again."Don't worry," he told his wife, "they don't dare touch judges, they won't touch me." However, on 25 September 1979, then aged fifty-eight, <mask> was shot to death in his car along with his driver, policeman Lenin Mancuso, who acted as his bodyguard. The combination of his investigative skills and his recent political connections in Rome would have made <mask> an even more formidable Mafia opponent than before. Taking <mask>’s place was Rocco Chinnici, who was murdered by the Mafia in 1983. While in prison Luciano Leggio had ordered the killing of <mask> as a revenge for the insult at the interrogation in the 1960s. The murder was approved by the Commission. <mask> had become the worst enemy of Leggio and the Corleonesi.He had a photograph of Leggio in his office that his colleagues had given him as a joke. Leggio was charged with ordering <mask>'s murder, but was acquitted for lack of evidence, both in the first trial, which was held in Reggio Calabria in 1983, and three years later, in 1986, in the appeal process. New Trial
In 1997, the prosecution office in Reggio Calabria

masks: Terranova Cesare Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova Terranova


title: Cesare Terranova

texts:
 re-opened the murder investigation after the pentiti Francesco Di Carlo and Gaspare Mutolo named the mafiosi Giuseppe Giacomo Gambino, Vincenzo Puccio, Giuseppe Madonia and Leoluca Bagarella as the material killers. Di Carlo confirmed that Leggio had ordered the killing of <mask>. In 1974, when the Sicilian Mafia Commission was reorganized, Leggio through Totò Riina (Leggio was in jail) asked the Commission gathered at Michele Greco’s estate Favarella for permission. The Commission decided, on instigation of Gaetano Badalamenti, that <mask> should be killed outside Sicily, in Rome. The killing was stalled because of plans to liberate Leggio.When that failed <mask>’s murder was on the agenda again and was confirmed in June 1979 during a Commission meeting at the Favarella estate. On 15 January 2000, Salvatore Riina, Bernardo Brusca, Bernardo Provenzano, Francesco Madonia, Pippo Calò, Nenè Geraci and Michele Greco (all members of the Sicilian Mafia Commission at the time of the murder) were convicted to life sentences for ordering the murder of <mask> and Mancuso (Leggio had died). However, Leoluca Bagarella, Giuseppe Madonia and Giuseppe Farinella were acquitted as the material killers. After 25 years, in October 2004, the Supreme Court confirmed the life sentences for Totò Riina, Michele Greco, Nenè Geraci and Francesco Madonia. Legacy
Despite the fact that his prosecutions of the Mafia in the 1960s eventually failed in Court, <mask> pioneered in investigating the Mafia. His verdict always included historical and theoretical aspects. He determined that there was "only one Mafia, neither old or young, neither good nor bad," but "efficient and dangerous, divided into clusters or groups or 'families,' or more accurate still, 'cosche.'"At the time, his analysis of the Mafia was modern and advanced. In the 1960s, however, it was not understood and accepted by the judiciary, which


title: Cesare Terranova

texts:
 considered him too "bold" or worse, "imaginative". The revelations in 1984 of a pentito (informant) from the Mafia, Tommaso Buscetta, would prove him right. He paved the way for a more successful prosecution of the Mafia in the 1980s and was the predecessor of Antimafia judges as Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino that prepared the Maxi Trial that convicted 338 of the 475 Mafiosi members originally charged. <mask> <mask>’s widow Giovanna became a prominent personality in the Antimafia movement after her husband was murdered. She co-founded the first permanent civil Antimafia organisation, the Associazione donne siciliane per la lotta contro la Mafia (Association of Sicilian Women against the Mafia). Giovanna <mask> said in an interview: "I would have felt guilty if I had stayed at home.I would have thought: Cesare died for nothing. Yes, because being killed is terrible, but being forgotten is even worse. It’s like dying twice." On 11 January 1982, on the initiative of judge Rocco Chinnici, who had succeeded <mask> as the chief examining magistrate at the Court in Palermo and who also became a victim of a Mafia attack on 29 July 1983, a research center in the name of <mask> <mask>, the Centro Studi Giuridici e Sociali "Cesare Terranova", was set up in Palermo to honour his memory. Quotes
"The Mafia is oppression, arrogance, greed, self-enrichment, power and hegemony above and against all others. It is not an abstract concept, or a state of mind, or a literary term... It is a criminal organization regulated by unwritten but iron and inexorable rules...The myth of a courageous and generous 'man of honour' must be destroyed, because a mafioso is just the opposite." "It is necessary to dismantle the myth of the mafioso as a brave and generous “man of honour”, since the mafioso is characterised by a totally opposite character…the mafioso shoots to the shoulder, by treachery,

masks: Cesare Terranova Terranova Terranova Cesare Terranova


title: Kamila Valieva

texts:
<mask>na <mask> (; ; born 26 April 2006) is a Russian figure skater. She is the 2022 European champion, 2021 Rostelecom Cup champion, 2021 Skate Canada International champion, 2022 Russian national champion, and 2021 Russian National silver medalist. She is also a provisional 2022 Olympic champion in the team event pending the conclusion of a WADA investigation. During the 2022 Winter Olympics a sample that Valieva had submitted for a drug test in December tested positive for trimetazidine, which is banned in sports competition for increasing endurance. As of mid-February investigations were ongoing. Valieva is the current world record holder for the women's short program, free skating and total scores. She has set nine world records during her career.She is the first female skater to break the 250-, 260- and 270-point thresholds in the total score (all within one season), the first to break the 170- and 180-point thresholds in the free skate, and the first to break the 90-point threshold in the short program. She is the second woman to land the quadruple toe loop after training partner and teammate Alexandra Trusova, the fourth woman to land a quadruple jump of any kind, the 16th woman to land a triple Axel, and the third woman to land a triple Axel and quadruple jump in the same program after Alysa Liu and training partner and teammate Sofia Akateva. Valieva is also the first female skater to land a quadruple jump in Olympic competition. Personal life

Valieva was born on 26 April 2006 in Kazan, Russia. She is of Volga Tatar ethnicity. She has one pet dog, a Pomeranian named Lëva (Lyova), gifted to her in 2019 by fans. Valieva was enrolled in gymnastics, ballet, and figure skating classes at an early age by her mother but encouraged to

masks:
Kamila Valeryev
Valieva


title: Kamila Valieva

texts:
 focus solely on skating after turning five.She named Nathan Chen as one of the skaters whose technique and ability she admires. In an interview showcased at the ISU Skating Awards 2021, Valieva hopes to become a psychologist after retiring from figure skating. Along with her teammate  Alexandra Trusova, she prefers to use white Edea skating boots with silver blades in competition. Career

Early career
Valieva began skating in 2009 in RSDUSSHOR in Kazan. She was first coached by Ksenia Ivanova, followed by Marina Kudriavtseva and Igor Lyutikov, and Natalia Dubinskaya. When she turned six, she moved to Moscow to train at SSHOR Moskvich. In the spring of 2018, Valieva decided to switch skating clubs to Sambo-70, where Eteri Tutberidze decided to allow Valieva to join her group.In the 2018–19 season, prior to her international debut, recordings of <mask>'s short program, set to Spiegel im Spiegel by Arvo Pärt and inspired by Pablo Picasso's painting Girl on a Ball, received worldwide attention. Tutberidze described it as her favorite program of the year. The program also drew the notice of Picasso's granddaughter Diana Widmaier Picasso, who invited <mask> to visit her in Paris. Among other victories that season, she won the Russian Younger Age Championships ahead of training mates Sofia Akatieva and Sofia Samodelkina. It was later announced that Valieva would keep her short program for her international debut in the upcoming season. 2019–2020 season: Junior World champion

Valieva's international debut came in late August 2019 at a Junior Grand Prix competition in Courchevel, France. Ranked third in the short program and first in the free skate, she won the gold medal ahead of Wi Seo-yeong of South Korea and teammate and training partner

masks: Valieva Valieva


title: Kamila Valieva

texts:
 two quadruple toe loops (one in combination) and with only one mistake on a triple Lutz. She placed first, winning the gold medal with one of the highest total scores in Russian domestic competition.Making her senior Russian Championships debut, <mask> placed second in the short program despite falling on her triple Axel. She also placed second in the free skate with two clean quads landed, and, despite an underrotated triple flip, won the silver medal. Following the national championships, <mask> participated in the 2021 Channel One Trophy, a televised team competition organized in lieu of the cancelled European Championships. Selected to the Red Machine team by captain Alina Zagitova, Valieva won both the short program and free skates, helping her team win the trophy. At her final event of the season, <mask> participated in the senior Russian Cup Final, winning the short program by a wide margin. In the free skate, she attempted a quadruple Salchow in competition for the first time but fell and made additional errors on both quad toe loop attempts. As a result, she finished third in the segment; however, the strength of her short program score allowed her to win the overall event by 2.04 points over teammate Maiia Khromykh.2021–2022 season: Beijing Olympics
<mask> made her international senior debut at the 2021 CS Finlandia Trophy. She placed third in the short program after falling on her triple Axel attempt. In her free skate, she landed three quad jumps, recording a world record score of 174.31 points, also setting a new world record for total points (249.24). Making her senior Grand Prix debut at the 2021 Skate Canada International, <mask> won the short program with a new personal best score of 84.19, 2.95 points ahead of Elizaveta

masks: Valieva Valieva Valieva Valieva Valieva


title: Kamila Valieva

texts: Tuktamysheva in second place. In the free skate, she skated a clean program with three quads and only one minor mistake in her triple Axel. Once again, she set a new world record for the women's free skate (180.89) and total score (265.08). <mask>'s second assignment of the season was the 2021 Rostelecom Cup, held this year at Sochi's Iceberg Skating Palace, the host venue for skating events at the 2014 Winter Olympics, instead of in Moscow as usual.In the short program, she scored 87.42 points, breaking Alena Kostornaia's previous world record of 85.45. She went on to raise the world records in the free skate (185.29) and total score (272.71). Her score was higher than that of the men's event winner, fellow Sambo-70 skater Morisi Kvitelashvili of Georgia, despite men's Program Component Score (PCS) being scaled 20% points higher. Valieva's results qualified her to the Grand Prix Final, which was subsequently cancelled due to travel and gathering restrictions prompted by the spread of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic. On 24 December, Valieva placed first in the short program at the 2022 Russian Championships, nearly 10 points ahead of Shcherbakova in second place. She scored 193.10 for her free skate, with a gold medal-winning score of 283.48 points, nearly 35 points ahead of silver medalist Alexandra Trusova. She remarked afterward, "I did almost my maximum."As national champion, she was guaranteed a berth on the Russian Olympic team. <mask> made her European Championships debut in January 2022 in Tallinn, Estonia. She finished first in the short program with a clean skate and extended her world record score by over three points to become the first woman to break the 90-point barrier. In the free skate,


title: Kamila Valieva

texts: <mask> fell on her triple Axel attempt for the second time in competition this season, but skated the rest of her program cleanly to narrowly win the segment over teammates Shcherbakova and Trusova and take the European title. On 20 January, she was officially named to the Russian Olympic team. Selected as the Russian entry in the women's segments of the Olympic team event, Valieva began the 2022 Winter Olympics with a first-place finish in the short program with a clean triple Axel, scoring near her own world record. Valieva placed four ordinals above American skater Karen Chen, moving the Russian team into first place in the competition at the end of the short program segments.She was chosen for the women's free skate in the team event as well, winning the segment with a program that included two clean quadruple jumps (Salchow and toe loop) and a triple Axel, albeit with a fall on a second quadruple toe loop attempt. Her score was over 30 point clear of second-place finisher Kaori Sakamoto of Japan. Valieva became the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games. The ROC team won the team event, but the medal ceremony was postponed pending official investigation of filed allegations concerning possible doping, though Valieva was given permission to compete while the investigation is still in progress. During the short program in the women's singles event at the Winter Olympics on 15 February, Valieva placed first ahead of Russian compatriot Shcherbakova in spite of faltering during a triple Axel though not falling. During the free skate on 17 February, she stumbled or fell at least four times as she skated to Boléro. She wept as she left the ice and did not earn a place in the top three, finishing in fourth place, behind her


title: Kamila Valieva

texts: "protected person" per WADA code, subject to different rules than adult athletes; she "did not test positive during the Olympic Games in Beijing"; and "There were serious issues of untimely notification of the results ... which impinged upon the Athlete’s ability to establish certain legal requirements for her benefit". The IOC announced that the medal ceremony for the team event would not take place until the investigation concluded and there is a concrete decision whether to strip Valieva and the ROC of their medals. On 15 February, after placing first in the women's short program, Valieva was reported by The New York Times to have also tested positive for two other drugs that are not banned from competition, hypoxen and L-carnitine, from her 25 December urine sample. The combination of these drugs with trimetazidine was described as a "trifecta of substances" which "seem to be aimed at increasing endurance, reducing fatigue and promoting greater efficiency in using oxygen" by Travis Tygart, chief executive of the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA).At the time of the doping test, Valieva had declared taking hypoxen and L-carnitine, both of which are used in Russia supposedly to treat heart conditions or enhance athletic performance. According to The New York Times, neither agent is backed by scientific evidence of efficacy in improving cardiovascular function in athletes. To allow for the possibility that <mask>'s results may be disqualified following investigation, the IOC asked the ISU to expand the qualifying field for the women's singles free skating by one to 25, contingent upon Valieva being one of the top 24 skaters after the short program. In a press conference the day after the free skate, IOC president Thomas Bach said he


title: Kamila Valieva

texts:
 December 2020, she cleanly performed the triple Axel in the short program at the stage of the Russian Cup in Moscow. On 12 February 2021, a video appeared on the Internet where Valieva performed a quadruple Salchow in training with two hands up. In 2022, Valieva became the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games, with former German figure skater and two-time Olympic champion Katarina Witt calling her "a child prodigy, whose highly difficult performances and grace enchanted the whole world at only 15."Awards

In February 2022, she received the Order of Friendship. Programs

World records and achievements

 Became only the second woman to land a quad toe loop at the 2019 JGP France. Became the first woman ever to surpass 90 in the short program, 170 and 180 point barrier in the free skate as well as 250, 260 and 270 point barrier in total. Set the junior record for the highest free skate score and total score at the 2020 Junior World Championships, surpassing the previous records in both categories set by her former training mate Alexandra Trusova. Her record scores were later surpassed by teammate Sofia Akateva in 2021. Set the new senior record for the highest valued triple Axel when she earned 11.54 points at the 2022 European Championships
 Became the first European woman to land a triple Axel, and the first woman to land a quadruple jump at the Olympic Games during the team event, held from 4–7 February 2022. Senior world record scores
Valieva has set eight world record scores.Junior world record scores

<mask> has set two junior world record scores under the +5 / -5 GOE (Grade of Execution) system. Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix

Detailed results

Senior level

Small medals for


title: James Harry Lacey

texts:
<mask>,  (1 February 1917 – 30 May 1989) was one of the top scoring Royal Air Force fighter pilots of the Second World War and was the second-highest scoring RAF fighter pilot of the Battle of Britain, behind Pilot Officer Eric Lock of No. 41 Squadron RAF. <mask> was credited with 28 enemy aircraft destroyed, five probables and nine damaged. Early life
<mask> left King James Grammar School, Knaresborough in 1933 continuing his education at Leeds Technical College. He spent four years as an apprentice pharmacist. RAF career
<mask> joined the RAFVR (Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve) in January 1937 as a trainee pilot at Perth, Scotland. In 1938, he then took an instructor's course, becoming an instructor at the Yorkshire Flying School, accumulating 1,000 hours of flight time before the war.Called up at the outbreak of war, he joined No. 501 Squadron RAF. Second World War

Battle of France
On 10 May 1940, the Squadron moved to Bétheniville in France where <mask> experienced his first combat. On the afternoon of 13 May over Sedan, he destroyed a Heinkel He 111 of KG 53 and an escorting Messerschmitt Bf 109 on one sortie, followed by a Messerschmitt Bf 110 later in the afternoon. He claimed two more He 111s on 27 May, before the squadron was withdrawn to England on 19 June, having claimed nearly 60 victories. On 9 June, his aircraft was damaged in combat and he crash landed and almost drowned in a swamp. During his operational duties in France, he was awarded the French Croix de guerre.Battle of Britain
Flying throughout the Battle of Britain with No. 501 based at RAF Gravesend or RAF Croydon, <mask> became

masks:
James Harry Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey


title: James Harry Lacey

texts: one of the highest scoring pilots of the battle. His first kill of the battle was on 20 July 1940, when he shot down a Bf 109E of Jagdgeschwader 27. He then claimed a destroyed Ju 87 and a "probable" Ju 87 on 12 August, a damaged Bf 110 and a damaged Do 17 on 15 August and a probable Bf 109 on 16 August. He destroyed a Ju 88 and damaged a Dornier Do 17 on 24 August and shot down a Bf 109 of Jagdgeschwader 3 on 29 August. He had bailed out unharmed after being hit by return fire from a Heinkel He 111 on 13 August. On 23 August 1940, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Flying Medal after the destruction of 6 enemy aircraft.On 30 August 1940, during combat over the Thames Estuary, <mask> shot down a He 111 and damaged a Bf 110 before his Hurricane was badly hit from enemy fire. His engine stopped and he decided to glide the stricken aircraft back to the airfield at Gravesend instead of bailing out into the Estuary. A highly successful August was completed when he destroyed a Bf 109 on 31 August. On 2 September 1940, <mask> shot down two Bf 109s and damaged a Do 17. He then shot down another two Bf 109s on 5 September. During a heavy raid on 13 September, he engaged a formation of Kampfgeschwader 55 He 111s over London where he shot down one of the bombers that had just bombed Buckingham Palace. As he could not find his airfield in the worsening visibility, he then bailed out of his aircraft, sustaining slight injuries.Returning to the action shortly thereafter, he shot down an He 111 and three Bf 109s, and damaged another on 15 September 1940, one of the heaviest days of fighting during the whole battle,

masks: Lacey Lacey Lacey


title: James Harry Lacey

texts:
 which later became known as "Battle of Britain Day". During the battle he attacked a formation of 12 Bf 109s, shooting down two before the others had noticed, before escaping into cloud

Two days later on 17 September, he was shot down over Ashford, Kent during a dogfight with Bf 109s and bailed out without injury. On 27 September, he destroyed a Bf 109 and damaged a Junkers Ju 88 on 30 September. During October he claimed a probable Bf 109 on 7 October, shot down a Bf 109 on 12 October, another on 26 October and on 30 October he destroyed a Bf 109 before damaging another. During the Battle of France and the Battle of Britain, <mask> had been shot down or forced to land due to combat no less than nine times. On 26 November 1940, with 23 claims (18 made during the Battle of Britain) <mask> received a Bar to his Distinguished Flying Medal for his continued outstanding courage and bravery during the Battle of Britain. The citation in the London Gazette read:

After 1940

<mask>'s final award for outstanding service during 1940 was a Mention in Despatches announced on 1 January 1941.<mask> was commissioned a pilot officer (on probation) on 25 January 1941 (seniority from 15 January) and promoted to acting flight lieutenant in June. On 10 July 1941, as "A" flight commander, he shot down a Bf 109 and damaged another a few days later on 14 July. On 17 July, he claimed a Heinkel He 59 seaplane shot down and on 24 July, two Bf 109s (by causing them to collide). He was posted away from combat operations during August 1941, serving as a flight instructor with No. 57 Operational Training Unit. He was promoted to war

masks: Lacey Lacey Lacey Lacey


title: James Harry Lacey

texts:
 substantive flying officer on 22 September. During March 1942, <mask> joined No.602 Squadron, based at Kenley flying the Spitfire Mk V and by 24 March had claimed a Fw 190 as damaged. He damaged another Fw 190 on 25 April 1942 before a posting to No. 81 Group as a tactics officer. Promoted to war substantive flight lieutenant on 27 August, in November he was posted as Chief Instructor at the No. 1 Special Attack Instructors School, Milfield. In March 1943, <mask> was posted to No. 20 Squadron, Kaylan in India before joining 1572 Gunnery Flight in July of the same year to convert from Blenheims to Hurricanes and then to Republic P-47 Thunderbolts.He stayed in India, being posted to command No. 155 Squadron flying the Spitfire VIII in November 1944 and then as commanding officer of No. 17 Squadron later that month. While based in India, <mask> claimed his last aircraft on 19 February 1945, shooting down a Japanese Army Air Force Nakajima Ki 43 "Oscar" with only nine 20mm cannon rounds. <mask> was one of the few RAF pilots on operational duties on both the opening and closing day of the war. His final tally was 28 confirmed, four probables and nine damaged. Postwar
After the war was over, <mask> went to Japan with No.17 Squadron, becoming the first Spitfire pilot to fly over Japan on 30 April 1946. He returned to the UK in May 1946. He received a permanent commission in the rank of flight lieutenant on 8 December 1948 (seniority from 1 September 1945), and retired from the RAF on 5 March 1967 as a flight lieutenant; he retained the rank of squadron leader. Later life and legacy

After retirement, <mask> ran

masks: Lacey Lacey Lacey Lacey Lacey Lacey


title: James Harry Lacey

texts:
 an air freight business and instructed at a flight school near Bridlington. He was an adviser to director Guy Hamilton on the set of his 1969 film Battle of Britain. Said Hamilton in an interview 30 years later "I entrusted <mask> to be my main adviser. He really was a good chap, totally invaluable."<mask> died on 30 May 1989 at the age of 72. In September 2001, a plaque was unveiled at Priory Church, Bridlington, Yorkshire in memory of the fighter pilot and ace. There is also a plaque at the location of the house <mask> grew up in, on the old site of Nidd Vale Motors, Sandbeck Lane, Wetherby. As a celebrated former pupil of King James’ School, an image of <mask> is displayed on one of the Knaresborough Town Windows, a series of trompe-l%27œil images managed by Renaissance Knaresborough. In 2016, Beverley/Linley Hill Airfield named their new flight training centre after <mask>, and on 23 July 2017, a blue plaque was unveiled on the site of the house where he was born. References

Citations

Bibliography

 Bickers, Richard Townshend. <mask>: Fighter Pilot.London: Hale Ltd., 1962. .
 Bishop, Edward, ed. The Daily Telegraph Book of Airmen's Obituaries. London: Grub Street, 2002. .

 Shores, Christopher and Clive Williams. Aces High. London: Grub Street, 1994. .

1917 births
1989 deaths
Royal Air Force squadron leaders
Royal Air Force pilots of World War II
British World War II flying aces
People from Wetherby
People from the East Riding of Yorkshire
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Medal
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
The Few
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve personnel of World

masks:
Ginger Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Lacey
Ginger Lacey


title: Sylvio de Vasconcellos

texts:
<mask> (October 14, 1916 in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil ‒ March 14, 1979 in Washington, DC) was a Brazilian architect and architectural historian, also recognized as one of the pioneers of Brazilian modernist architecture in the state of Minas Gerais. His many studies, articles, and other scholarly works, some of them translated into other languages, spanned a range of topics that included the Baroque period in Minas, formation of the first settlements in the region, and modern architecture. He was also a long-time columnist and contributor to the Belo Horizonte newspaper, O Estado de Minas. The son of a traditional Minas Gerais family, <mask> was the fifth of seven children born to historian <mask> (1877–1965) and <mask> (1886–1972), a musician. His forebears included <mask> (1758–1815), <mask> (1795–1850), and <mask> (1843–1927). Academic and institutional career
<mask> was District III Director of Brazil's Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage from 1939 until 1969 and Chair Professor of Brazilian Architecture and Dean of the School of Architecture at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte. Among other positions, he was also President of the Minas Gerais Section of the Brazilian Institute of Architects, member of the  council and curatorship of the São Paulo Museum of Art, member and Director of the Minas Gerais Association of Writers, and Director of the Brazil-U.S.Cultural Institute (ICBEU) in Belo Horizonte. After gambling was outlawed in Brazil in 1946, <mask> conceived the idea and oversaw conversion of the Casino designed by Oscar Niemeyer at the Pampulha Modern Ensemble in Belo Horizonte into the Pampulha Museum of Art.. The undertaking began in 1952 and culminated in its

masks:
Sylvio Carvalho de Vasconcellos
Sylvio
Salomão de Vasconcellos
Branca Teresa Carvalho de Vasconcellos
Diogo Pereira Ribeiro de Vasconcellos
Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcellos
Diogo de Vasconcellos
Sylvio
Sylvio


title: Sylvio de Vasconcellos

texts: inauguration in 1957. He also served as the Museum's first Director. His publications include numerous studies on architecture, with special emphasis on colonial architecture in Brazil and Minas Gerais in particular. He is especially known for the following contributions: Vila Rica: formação e desenvolvimento (an exhaustive study of development of the colonial city of Ouro Preto, based on his thesis defended in 1951 for one of four national chair professorships in Brazilian Architecture); Arquitetura no Brasil: Sistemas Construtivos (1958); Mineiridade: Ensaio de Caracterização [Mineiridade: An Essay on the Culture of Minas Gerais] (1968), for which he was awarded the First Prize for a Scholarly Work on Minas Gerais in 1969; and Vida e obra de Antônio Francisco Lisboa, O Aleijadinho, a study of the colonial sculptor often referred to as “the Little Cripple” in which he offered new context, extensive analysis, and a comprehensive catalog of the subject's work. In 1959, <mask> established the Advisory Nucleus for Research in Architecture and Urban Planning at the UFMG School of Architecture.More than 70 books were published under this program until it was closed down by the military government in 1964. He was elected Dean of the School of Architecture, UFMG, in 1963, but forcibly removed from the position at the start of the 1964 military coup in Brazil. However, his career did not end there. In 1965, he embarked on a self-imposed exile, during which he continued to make professional and scholarly contributions. In France, <mask> worked on planning the industrial city of Dreux as part of a program for the decentralization of Paris. In Portugal, he pursued research as a fellow at the Gulbenkian Foundation. In Santiago,

masks: Sylvio Sylvio


title: Sylvio de Vasconcellos

texts:
 Chile, he headed the Urban Unit at the Latin American Center for Economic and Development (DESAL) and also taught architectural composition and theory at the University of Chile, Returning to Brazil in 1968, he taught theory of architecture at the University of Brasília and then briefly resumed his activities with IPHAN and the UFMG School of Architecture until the military government ordered his retirement in December 1969

In 1970, he won a Guggenheim Fellowship, which allowed him to carry on his research in a country of his choice.At the end of 1970, he started working for the Organization of American States (OAS) in its Division of Urban Development. During 1971–1973, he was the Division's Regional Director for Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, headquartered in Mexico City. Following his tenure in Mexico, he became a staff specialist in the Division at OAS headquarters in Washington, D.C. His last assignment with the Organization ended in 1977. Throughout his post-Brazil years, <mask> continued to publish scholarly articles, wrote hundreds of articles for the Estado de Minas, won a grant from the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities to translate and annotate a collection of colonial documents on the settlement of Minas Gerais in the seventeenth century, and authored his exhaustive analysis of the work of Antônio Francisco Lisboa. Architectural projects

<mask> designed a number of modernist buildings in the city of Belo Horizonte, including the Mape Building, a condominium project on Praça da Liberdade; the headquarters of ICBEU; the chapel of the Izabela Hendrix Methodist Institute on Rua da Bahia; and the UFMG Student Union building, now an art film theater, on Rua Guajajaras. He also designed


title: Sylvio de Vasconcellos

texts:
 dozens of private residences, mainly in the Cidade Jardim and Serra neighborhoods. Some of these homes have been designated cultural heritage sites by the Belo Horizonte City Government.Imprisonment, legal charges, and exile

<mask> was taken prisoner with no formal charges on March 31, 1964, on the eve of the military takeover, and removed from his position as Dean of the School of Architecture. The charges against him were not published until May 4, and he was not informed of them until after he was released from prison, thanks to intervention of his many supporters, in July of that year.. Among the accusations, he was charged with such allegedly subversive acts as fomenting revolution on the campus, spreading communist propaganda, encouraging students to proselytize in the slums, allowing them to sing communist songs, and arranging for their travel to an architectural conference in Cuba. In all, Sylvio was confronted with three different sets of charges. He was also claimed to have been elected Secretary-General of a communist organization and of having presided over a meeting of the Red Student Federation. In addition, he was accused of placing his official car at the disposal of Luis Carlos Prestes in 1945 for the purpose of contacting communist cells, in addition to aiding communists by (...) contracting the services of the Spanish communist José Maria Sieiro Barreiro. Sylvio denied all these charges.In particular, he stated that he was not responsible for the improper use of vehicles when they were not in service and had never had any contact with Luis Carlos Prestes, suggesting that the 1945 allegations referred to another person by the same name

Faced with the futility of trying to defend himself and the threat