title: Josiah Leavitt

texts:
<mask> (1744–1804) was an early Massachusetts physician and inventor. Possessed of an early love for mechanical movements and for music, Dr. Leavitt eventually gave up his medical practice and moved to Boston, where he became one of the earliest manufacturers of pipe organs in the United States. Early life

<mask> was born October 21, 1744, in Hingham, Massachusetts, the son of Hezekiah and Grace (Hatch) <mask>. <mask> was a prosperous Hingham merchant who owned one of the town's largest warehouses on the harbor, a large wharf and a share of the town's gristmill and fisheries business. <mask>'s father was a close friend and business associate of Rev. Ebenezer Gay, third minister of Old Ship Church, Hingham's Meetinghouse. Following his education at Harvard College, Dr. <mask> became a practicing physician at Hingham.On the side, the mechanically-inclined Leavitt tinkered with inventions and mechanical movements. One of the first products of Leavitt's sideline was a large clock, manufactured in 1772–73, which was subsequently hung in a dormer window on the southwesterly slope of the roof of Old Ship Church, so that the clock's dial could be seen by townspeople. Leavitt's clock, the first built in Hingham, was probably the only clock he ever built. Where Dr. Leavitt garnered his expertise is unknown, although contemporaries noted his mechanical aptitude, as well as the fact that his sister Hannah was married to Hingham watchmaker Joseph Lovis. In 1774, Dr. Leavitt built a large Colonial clapboard home  at 93 Main Street, two blocks from the Meetinghouse. But shortly afterwards, Leavitt moved to Sterling, Massachusetts, where he built another Colonial home, and then a few years later to Boston, where he gave up his medical practice, embraced his affinity for music and mechanics and began manufacturing organs. Organ-making in the American Colonies

The first organ in America had been manufactured earlier in the eighteenth century.Most American churches,

masks:
Josiah Leavitt
Josiah Leavitt
Leavitt
Hezekiah Leavitt
Josiah Leavitt
Josiah Leavitt


title: Josiah Leavitt

type: original

texts:
 Philadelphia craftsman, Mathias Zimmerman actually built an earlier organ prior to 1737). Because of the limited demand, Blomfield built most of his organs for amateur (and not ecclesiastical) use.Of all Boston's churches, by 1753 only one – Christ Church (Old North Church) – had an American-made organ, built by Thomas Johnston, a local craftsman, in 1753. A year later, Johnston built an organ for Salem's Christ Episcopal Church containing one manual and six stops. At the time, Bromfield and Johnston were the only active American organ builders. Dr. Leavitt embarks on a new career

Because of his musical interests, Dr. Leavitt had corresponded with organ builder Bromfield, and was also acquainted with craftsman Johnston, who died in 1768. Shortly afterwards,  Leavitt himself relocated to Boston. "Once a practicing physician", noted a report by the United States Centennial Commission in 1876, "[Dr. Leavitt's] strong taste for the mechanics of music induced him to relinquish his profession and devote himself to organ-building, which he continued for many years." In Boston, the former physician set about creating a workshop where he and several assistants began building organs for New England churches.On February 8, 1792, an advertisement appeared in The Columbian Centinel announcing that Leavitt had finished an organ destined for the Universalist Religious Society of Boston. "For compass and sweetness of sound and elegance of construction", the newspaper noted, "it is exceeded by but a few imported Organs." By the following November, <mask>, who had entirely given up his medical practice in favor of producing organs, had completed a new instrument for the Congregationalist Meetinghouse in Worthington, Connecticut. He was soon building other organs to satisfy the burgeoning demand. The arrival of one of Leavitt's creation at the Worthington meeting house was an event of enough import that The Hartford Courant ran a story about it:

"The public are hereby


title: Josiah Leavitt

texts:
 notified", wrote The Courant, "that Mr. <mask>tt of Boston, organ builder hath lately been employed to construct an ORGAN for the Worthington parish, which is completed and set up in the Meeting-house. The Organ will be opened by said Leavitt on Thursday the 8th of November instant, at which time a sermon will be preached on the occasion, and Music will be performed. After the exercises there will be a collection for the benefit of said builder."Other churches, now freed from the old Puritan strictures against musical instrument accompaniment, were soon ordering Leavitt's organs. The church of Newburyport, Massachusetts, in 1794 set up Leavitt's creation in the gallery of the meeting house, and subsequently showed off its acquisition. "This organ (which is certainly the most elegant of any in New England", noted the town's newspaper the Morning Star, "is about fifteen feet high, ten feet in breadth, and seven feet from front to rear, was built by Dr. <mask>, an ingenious organ builder of Boston, for whose benefit there will be a contribution after service is over." Among other churches which ordered Leavitt organs were the Episcopal church of Dedham, Massachusetts, and TK. His business, though, was still spotty enough that he sometimes advertised his half-completed instruments for sale in regional newspapers. One 1793 ad in the Portsmouth, New Hampshire, Oracle of the Day noted that Leavitt had on hand "a Church-Organ nearly completed, (except the Case and Pipes)", which he would finish building to the buyer's specifications. Another instrument on hand in the former physician's workshop was "an elegant House-Organ with a Mahogany case, and which might be sufficient for a small Church or Society."Should the instrument prove inadequate, Leavitt's ad noted, he would take it back within one year in trade for a larger one. Later life and legacy

"It was a particular accomplishment that <mask>, a Congregationalist, was able to place instruments in dissenting

masks:
Josiah Leavi
Josiah Leavitt
Josiah Leavitt


title: Josiah Leavitt

texts:
 churches", writes Orpha Caroline Ochse in The History of the Organ in the United States. "Many of these churches were still violently opposed to the use of the organ, an attitude that some of them retained through much of the next century." Leavitt also trained other later organ builders. Among his pupils were William M. Goodrich, a native of Templeton, Massachusetts, born in 1777. Goodrich himself became an active organ-builder in Boston beginning in 1803. It was Goodrich whom many consider the first advanced American organ manufacturer.In addition to sending out his elegant creations to churches throughout the region, Goodrich trained a number of other makers, including Thomas Appleton, as well as his own brother Ebenezer Goodrich, who later went into business for himself. Dr. <mask> died at his Boston home on February 26, 1804. The golden age of American organ building was still ahead, as New England's increasing prosperity and growing know-how, fostered in part by the early physician turned manufacturer, gave rise to such accomplished organ builders as Hook & Hastings, and the ateliers of Erben, Jardine, and Roosevelt, many of which thrived in Boston and its vicinity, and whose trade was fueled in part by the profits of the large trading firms of Salem and the state capitol. Dr. <mask>, descended from an early Puritan early settler of Hingham, was buried at Hingham, Massachusetts. Leavitt's second wife Azubah  died at Boston in November 1803 at age 44. The Hingham meeting house Old Ship Church did not purchase an organ until 1869. Prior to that the congregants sang unaccompanied.References

See also
John Leavitt
List of pipe organ builders
Old Ship Church
E. and G.G. Hook Organ
Pipe organs

1744 births
1804 deaths
Leavitt family
Harvard College alumni
American Congregationalists
People from Boston
18th-century American physicians
18th-century American inventors
American pipe organ builders
People of colonial Massachusetts
People from Hingham,

masks:
Josiah Leavitt
Josiah Leavitt


title: Thomas Haden Church

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; June 17, 1960) is an American actor. After appearing in the 1990s sitcom Wings and playing the lead for two seasons in Ned & Stacey (1995–1997), <mask> became known for his film work, including his Academy Award-nominated performance in Sideways (2004), his role as the villain Sandman in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man 3 (2007), which he reprised in the Marvel Cinematic Universe film Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021) and his role of Lyle van de Groot in George of the Jungle (1997). He also made his directorial debut with Rolling Kansas (2003). Early life
<mask> was born as <mask> in Woodland, Yolo County, California, the son of Maxine (née Sanders; born 1936) and Carlos "Carl" Richard McMillen (1936–2008), who served for eight years in the Marines and who was on active duty at the end of the Korean War; after 1962, Carlos worked as a surveyor. <mask>'s parents divorced and his mother moved to Texas. She remarried in 1969, to widower George A. Quesada, a veteran of an Army Air Forces reconnaissance unit which served in Guam in World War II. <mask> took his stepfather's surname for a time but changed it to 'Haden <mask>', extracted from the names of other relatives, when people found 'Quesada' difficult to pronounce.He left high school in 1977 to work in the oil fields of Louisiana, but he returned to graduate from Harlingen High School in 1979. He attended the University of North Texas while living in Dallas. <mask> started in the entertainment business as a radio personality and doing voice-over work. He changed his name to '<mask> <mask>', taking 'Haden' and '<mask>' from his ancestry. After appearing in an independent film, he moved to California to pursue an acting career. His character delivers a love letter to Carla Tortelli (Rhea Perlman) from her deceased former lover, Eddie LaBec, in the Cheers episode, "Death Takes a Vacation on Ice". He played the part of slow-witted aircraft mechanic Lowell Mather for six seasons (1990–95) on the NBC sitcom Wings.He worked in television for

masks:
Thomas Haden Church
Thomas Richard McMillen
Church
Church
Thomas Richard McMn
Church
Church
Church
Career Church
Thomas Haden
Church
Church


title: Thomas Haden Church

texts: two more seasons, with a lead role in Ned & Stacey opposite Debra Messing. He has had supporting roles in films such as Tombstone, George of the Jungle, The Specials, and Demon Knight. <mask> bought a ranch in Texas in 1998. In late 2000, he took a break from films. After having small roles in films such as Monkeybone and 3000 Miles to Graceland, he made his directorial debut with Rolling Kansas in 2003. He has voiceover work in commercials, such as for Merrill Lynch and Icehouse beer. In 2003, director Alexander Payne called him regarding the role of Jack, the selfish best friend of Paul Giamatti's character, in Sideways.During the audition, <mask> stripped naked to read the audition scene, later saying "To me, it was painfully obvious... I was reading the scene where Jack comes in naked and there has to be in-born vulnerability in the scene." (He later found that he was the only actor to strip down for the audition). Sideways earned acclaim for <mask>; he  won an IFP Independent Spirit Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He has since appeared in films such as Idiocracy, done voice-over work on films such as Over the Hedge and starred in one of AMC's highest rated television productions, Broken Trail, with Robert Duvall, in 2006, for which he won an Emmy. In 2007, he appeared as the villain Sandman in Sam Raimi's Spider-Man 3 starring Tobey Maguire and Kirsten Dunst. He received praise for his portrayal of the character.Although he was not present on set he lent his voice to Sandman (digitally created) for the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Spider-Man: No Way Home, released in 2021 and linked both the Raimi and Marc Webb franchises to the MCU. Archival footage from Spider-Man 3 was used to show his human form at the end of the film. In 2005, he was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In October 2008, <mask> appeared as "Joe Six-Pack" in a video on funnyordie.com, challenging Joe the Plumber to a beer-drinking contest.

masks: Church Church Church Church


title: Thomas Haden Church

texts:
 <mask> starred in the FEARnet webseries, Zombie Roadkill, alongside David Dorfman. He also appeared in the HBO original series Divorce. In December 2021, <mask> was announced to be starring alongside Toni Collette and Anna Faris in the comedy film The Estate, directed by Dean Craig.Personal life
<mask> lives on his  ranch in Kerrville, Texas. During the filming of Divorce, he rented a house in New Rochelle, New York. He has two children from a former relationship with Mia Zottoli, but was never married to her or anyone else despite a 2008 article in the Los Angeles Times incorrectly claiming he was married to his partner. <mask>'s father, Carl, died in 2008, and his stepfather, George, died in 2012. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Awards and nominations
<mask> has received multiple awards and nominations for his roles in both television and film. He earned an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in 2005 for his role as Jack in Sideways (2004), two Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor in 2004 for the film Sideways (2004) and Best Supporting Actor in 2007 for the miniseries Broken Trail (2006), won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Limited or Anthology Series or Movie in 2007 for Broken Trail (2006), and won one of three Screen Actors Guild Award nominations in 2005 for Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture for Sideways (2004). References

External links

1960 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male winners
Living people
Male actors from Texas
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners
Outstanding Performance by a Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie Primetime Emmy Award winners
People from Harlingen, Texas
People from Laredo, Texas
University of North Texas

masks: Church Church Church Church Church


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts:
<mask>. (December 18, 1912 – July 4, 2002) was a United States Air Force (USAF) general and commander of the World War II Tuskegee Airmen. He was the first African-American brigadier general in the USAF. On December 9, 1998, he was advanced to four-star general by President Bill Clinton. During World War II, <mask> was commander of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the 332nd Fighter Group, which escorted bombers on air combat missions over Europe. <mask> flew sixty missions in P-39, Curtiss P-40, P-47 and P-51 Mustang fighters and was one of the first African-American pilots to see combat. <mask> followed in his father's footsteps in breaking racial barriers, as <mask><mask>. was the first black general in the United States Army. Early life
<mask>. was born in Washington, D.C., on December 18, 1912, the second of three children born to <mask><mask>. and Elnora <mask>.His father was a U.S. Army officer, and at the time he was stationed in Wyoming serving as a lieutenant with an all-white cavalry unit. <mask><mask> Sr. served 41 years before he was promoted to brigadier general in October 1940. Elnora <mask> died from complications after giving birth to their third child (Elnora) in 1916. At the age of 13, in the summer of 1926, the younger <mask> went for a flight with a barnstorming pilot at Bolling Field in Washington, D.C. The experience led to his determination to become a pilot himself. In 1929 at the beginning of the Great Depression, <mask> graduated from Central High School in Cleveland, Ohio. That same year, <mask> attended Western Reserve University (1929–1930).Early military career
After attending the University of France and the University of Chicago, <mask> entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, in July 1932. He graduated from West Point in 1936 and became the first black man to graduate from the school since 1889. He was sponsored by Representative <mask> Priest (R-IL) of Chicago, at the time, the only black member of Congress.

masks:
Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr
Davis
Davis
Davis
Benjamin O
. Davis Sr
Benjamin Oliver Davis Jr
Benjamin O
. Davis Sr
Dickerson Davis
Benjamin O
. Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Oscar De


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts:
 During the four years of his Academy term, <mask> was racially isolated by his White classmates, few of whom spoke to him outside the line of duty. He never had a roommate. He ate by himself. His classmates hoped that this would drive him out of the Academy.The "silent treatment" had the opposite effect. It made <mask> more determined to graduate. Nevertheless, he earned the respect of his classmates, as evidenced by the biographical note beneath his picture in the 1936 yearbook, the Howitzer:

The courage, tenacity, and intelligence with which he conquered a problem incomparably more difficult than plebe year won for him the sincere admiration of his classmates, and his single-minded determination to continue in his chosen career cannot fail to inspire respect wherever fortune may lead him. <mask> graduated in June 1936, 35th in a class of 276. He was the academy's fourth black graduate after <mask> Flipper (1877), John Hanks Alexander (1887), and Charles Young (1889). When he was commissioned as a second lieutenant, the Army had only two black officers who weren't chaplains – <mask><mask> Sr. and <mask><mask> Jr. After graduation he married Agatha Scott whom he met while a cadet at West Point. At the start of his junior year at West Point, <mask> had applied for the Army Air Corps but was rejected because it did not accept African Americans.In 1936, the U.S. Army assigned <mask> to the all-black 24th Infantry Regiment (one of the original Buffalo Soldier regiments) at Fort Benning, Georgia. He was not allowed inside the base officers' club based on his race. In June 1937, <mask> attended the U.S. Army Infantry School at Fort Benning. He was later assigned to teach military tactics at Tuskegee Institute, a historically black college in Tuskegee, Alabama. This was something his father had done years before, as a way for the Army to avoid having a black officer in command of white soldiers. World War II

Early in 1941, the Roosevelt administration, in response to

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Davis
Davis
Davis
Henry Ossian
Benjamin O
. Davis
Benjamin O
. Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts: public pressure for greater black participation in the military as war approached, ordered the War Department to create a black flying unit. Captain <mask> was assigned to the first training class at Tuskegee Army Air Field (hence the name Tuskegee Airmen).In July 1941, <mask> entered aviation cadet training with the Tuskegee Airmen's first class of aviation cadets, Class 42-C-SE. On March 6, 1942, <mask> graduated from aviation cadet training with Captain George S. Roberts; 2nd Lt. Charles DeBow Jr. (Feb 13, 1918 – April 4, 1968), 2nd Lt. Mac Ross (1912–1944), and 2nd Lt. Lemuel R. Custis (1915–2005). <mask> and his four classmates became the first African American combat fighter pilots in the U.S. military. <mask> was the first African American officer to solo an Army Air Corps aircraft. In July that year, having been promoted to lieutenant colonel, he was named commander of the first all-black air unit, the 99th Pursuit Squadron. The squadron, equipped with Curtiss P-40 fighters, was sent to Tunisia in North Africa in the spring of 1943. On June 2, they saw combat for the first time in a dive-bombing mission against the German-held island of Pantelleria as part of Operation Corkscrew.The squadron later supported the Allied invasion of Sicily. In September 1943, <mask> was deployed to the United States to take command of the 332nd Fighter Group, a larger all-black unit preparing to go overseas. Soon after his arrival, there was an attempt to stop the use of black pilots in combat. Senior officers in the Army Air Forces recommended to the Army chief of staff, General George Marshall, that the 99th (<mask>'s old unit) be removed from combat operations as it had performed poorly. This infuriated <mask> as he had never been told of any deficiencies with the unit. He held a news conference at The Pentagon to defend his men and then presented his case to a War Department committee studying the use of black servicemen. Marshall ordered an inquiry but allowed the 99th

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis Davis


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts:
 to continue fighting in the meantime.The inquiry eventually reported that the 99th's performance was comparable to other air units, but any questions about the squadron's fitness were answered in January 1944 when its pilots shot down 12 German planes in two days while protecting the Anzio beachhead. Colonel <mask> and his 332nd Fighter Group arrived in Italy soon after that. The four-squadron group, which was called the Red Tails for the distinctive markings of its planes, were based at Ramitelli Airfield and flew many missions deep into German territory. By summer 1944 the Group had transitioned to P-47 Thunderbolts. In the summer of 1945, <mask> took over the all-black 477th Bombardment Group, which was stationed at Godman Field, Kentucky. During the war, the airmen commanded by <mask> had compiled an outstanding record in combat against the Luftwaffe. They flew more than 15,000 sorties, shot down 112 enemy planes, and destroyed or damaged 273 on the ground at a cost of 66 of their own planes and losing only about twenty-five bombers.<mask> himself led 67 missions in P-47s and P-51 Mustangs. He received the Silver Star for a strafing run into Austria and the Distinguished Flying Cross for a bomber-escort mission to Munich on June 9, 1944. Freeman Field Mutiny 1945
<mask> was one of ten officers to preside over the Freeman Field mutiny Court-martials; appointed by General Frank O'Driscoll Hunter. They were: Colonel <mask><mask> Jr., Captain George L. Knox II, Captain James T. Wiley, captain John H. Duren, Captain Charles R. Stanton, captain William T. Yates, Captain Elmore M. Kennedy, Captain Fitzroy Newsum, 1st Lieutenant William Robert Ming Jr. and 1st Lieutenant James Y. Carter. Trial Judge Advocates were: Captain James W. Redden and 1st Lieutenant Charles B. Hall. United States Air Force

In July 1948, President Harry S. Truman signed Executive Order 9981 ordering the racial integration of the armed forces.Colonel <mask> helped draft the Air Force plan for

masks:
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Benjamin O
. Davis
Davis


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts: implementing this order. The Air Force was the first of the services to integrate fully. In 1949, <mask> attended Air War College. He later served at the Pentagon and in overseas posts over the next two decades. Noteworthy is that during his time at the Pentagon, he drafted the staffing package and gained approval to create the Air Force Thunderbird flight demonstration team. He again saw combat in 1953 when he assumed command of the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing (51 FIW) and flew an F-86 Sabre in Korea. He served as director of operations and training at Far East Air Forces Headquarters, Tokyo, from 1954 until 1955, when he assumed the position of vice commander of Thirteenth Air Force, with additional duty as commander of Air Task Force 13 (Provisional), Taipei, Taiwan.During his time in Tokyo, he was temporarily promoted to the rank of brigadier general. In April 1957 General <mask> arrived at Ramstein Air Base, West Germany, as chief of staff of Twelfth Air Force, U.S. Air Forces in Europe (USAFE). When the Twelfth Air Force was transferred to James Connally Air Force Base, Texas in December 1957, he assumed new duties as deputy chief of staff for operations, Headquarters USAFE, Wiesbaden Air Base, West Germany. While in West Germany he was temporarily promoted to major general in 1959, and his promotion to brigadier general was made permanent in 1960. In July 1961, he returned to the United States and Headquarters U.S. Air Force, where he served as the director of womanpower and organization, deputy chief of staff for programs and requirements, having his promotion to major general made permanent early the next year; and in February 1965 he was assigned as assistant deputy chief of staff, programs and requirements. He remained in that position until his assignment as chief of staff for the United Nations Command and U.S. Forces in Korea (USFK) in April 1965, at which time he was promoted to lieutenant general.He assumed command of the Thirteenth Air Force at

masks: Davis Davis


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts:
 Clark Air Base in the Republic of the Philippines in August 1967. <mask> was assigned as deputy commander in chief, U.S. Strike Command, with headquarters at MacDill Air Force Base, Florida, in August 1968, with additional duty as commander in chief, Middle-East, Southern Asia and Africa. He retired from active military service on February 1, 1970. On December 9, 1998, <mask>. was promoted to general, U.S. Air Force (retired), with President Bill Clinton pinning on his four-star insignia. In the late 1980s he began to work on his autobiography, <mask>. <mask>.: American: An Autobiography. Dates of rank

General <mask>' effective dates of promotion are:

Decorations and honors
At the time of <mask>'s retirement, he held the rank of lieutenant general, but on December 9, 1998, President Bill Clinton awarded him a fourth star, raising him to the rank of full general. After retirement, he headed the federal sky marshal program, and in 1971 was named Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Environment, Safety, and Consumer Affairs.Overseeing the development of airport security and highway safety, <mask> was one of the chief proponents of the 55 mile per hour speed limit enacted nationwide by the U.S. government in 1974 to save gasoline and lives. He retired from the Department of Transportation in 1975, and in 1978 served on the American Battle Monuments Commission, on which his father had served decades before. In 1991, he published his autobiography, <mask><mask> Jr.: American (Smithsonian Institution Press). He is a 1992 recipient of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution. Military decorations
His military decorations included:
  Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with oak leaf cluster
  Army Distinguished Service Medal
  Silver Star
  Legion of Merit with two oak leaf clusters
  Distinguished Flying Cross
  Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters
  Army Commendation Medal with two oak leaf clusters
  Philippine Legion of Honor
 1992 Langley Gold

masks:
Davis
Davis Jr
Benjamin O
Davis Jr
Davis
Davis
Davis
Benjamin O
. Davis


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts:
 Medal
 Congressional Gold Medal awarded to the Tuskegee Airmen in 2006

Creator of the Davis Line/Median line
Historically, both the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) on Taiwan espoused a One-China Policy that considered the strait part of the exclusive economic zone of a single "China". In practice, a maritime border of control exists along the median line down the strait. In 1955, <mask> defined this median line by drawing a line down the middle of the strait,.The US then pressured both sides into entering into a tacit agreement not to cross the median line. Honors
 In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed <mask> on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans. <mask> O. <mask> Jr Aerospace Technical High School Detroit, Michigan, and Benjamin O. <mask> Jr. Middle School in Compton, California, as well as the former Gen. <mask>. <mask> Aviation High School in Cleveland, Ohio, are all named in his honor. <mask> O. Davis High School of the Aldine Independent School District in Houston, Texas, opened in 2012. The <mask> O<mask> Jr. Award is presented to senior members of the Civil Air Patrol – United States Air Force Auxiliary who successfully complete the second level of professional development, complete the technical training required for the Leadership Award, and attend Squadron Leadership School, designed "to enhance a senior member's performance at the squadron level and to increase understanding of the basic function of a squadron and how to improve squadron operations." In 2015, West Point named a newly constructed barracks after him. He was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum in 1996.On November 1, 2019, the airfield at the United States Air Force Academy, in Colorado Springs, Colorado, was renamed Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. Airfield. Death

<mask>'s wife Agatha died on March 10, 2002. (Aged 94) <mask>, who had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease, died at age 89 on

masks:
Davis
Davis
Benjamin
Davis
Davis
Benjamin O
Davis
Benjamin
Benjamin
. Davis
Davis
Davis


title: Benjamin O. Davis Jr.

texts:
 July 4, 2002, at Walter Reed Army Medical Center in Washington, D.C. He was interred with Agatha on July 17, at Arlington National Cemetery. A Red Tail P-51 Mustang, similar to the one he had flown in World War II, flew overhead during his funeral service. Bill Clinton said, "General <mask> is here today as proof that a person can overcome adversity and discrimination, achieve great things, turn skeptics into believers; and through example and perseverance, one person can bring truly amazing change". See also

 Davis line
 Executive Order 9981
 List of Tuskegee Airmen
 List of Tuskegee Airmen Cadet Pilot Graduation Classes
 Military history of African Americans

References

Further reading
 Applegate, Katherine.The Story of Two American Generals <mask><mask> Jr. and Colin L. Powell, Gareth Stevens Pub., 1995
 Sandler, Stanley. Segregated Skies: All-Black Combat Squadrons of WW II, Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. External links

 <mask><mask>, Jr. Collection Archives Division, National Air and Space Museum
 American History: <mask>
 A Tribute to <mask><mask> Jr.
 African Americans in the U.S. Army – army.mil

1912 births
2002 deaths
Aviators from Washington, D.C.
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre (France)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Air Medal
United States Military Academy alumni
Recipients of the Philippine Legion of Honor
Tuskegee Airmen
United States Air Force generals
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
United States Army Air Forces officers
Recipients of the Order of the Sword (United States)
Military personnel from Washington, D.C.
African-American aviators
Recipients of the Air Force Distinguished Service Medal
21st-century African-American people
United States Air Force personnel of the

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Benjamin O
. Davis
Benjamin O
. Davis
Benjamin Davis
Benjamin O
. Davis


title: Ethan Zohn

texts:
<mask> (born November 12, 1973) is an American motivational speaker, former professional soccer player, and reality television series contestant who won Survivor: Africa, the third season of the reality TV series Survivor. He went on to compete in Survivor: All-Stars and Survivor: Winners at War, where he placed 11th and 18th, respectively. After winning Survivor: Africa, Zohn co-founded Grassroot Soccer, which uses soccer to raise money and awareness to fight HIV/AIDS. In 2010, he ranked 14th in USL Second Division's Top 15 of the Decade list as one of the most influential players of the United Soccer League Second Division in the previous decade. Soccer
Zohn was a soccer goalkeeper at Lexington High School and Vassar College, and played professionally for the Hawaii Tsunami and Cape Cod Crusaders of the United Soccer Leagues and in Zimbabwe for Highlanders F.C. He donated some of his winnings from Survivor to starting Grassroot Soccer, an organization whose goal is to "mobilize the global soccer community to combat the AIDS epidemic in Africa". Shortly after winning Survivor Africa, <mask> was hired by ESPN to serve as a sideline reporter for the US National Team's matches in the 2002 FIFA World Cup.In 2005, Zohn began to co-host the Metro Soccer Report (later renamed MSG Soccer Report) on the MSG Network, a weekly show dedicated to New York Red Bulls (formerly MetroStars) of Major League Soccer. As of April 2006, Zohn hosts FC Fox on the Fox Soccer Channel. For his combined humanitarian efforts to spread HIV education throughout Africa via soccer teams for youth and young adults, Zohn received the Courage of Conscience Award from The Peace Abbey in Sherborn, Massachusetts. Survivor

Africa
As part of the Boran tribe, Zohn did not become an immediate target in the game; he was seen as a strong player who could potentially help to win many tribal immunities. When his tribe

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Ethan Zohn
Ethan


title: Ethan Zohn

texts: lost two back-to-back immunity challenges, he joined the majority to vote off Diane Ogden and Jessie Camacho in episodes one and two. Over the next few days, <mask> would form a long-term alliance with Lex Van den Berghe and Tom Buchanan from his Boran tribe. But a twist in episode five saw both of Zohn's alliance members and Kelly Goldstein switch from Boran to the Samburu tribe, leaving <mask> alone with fellow Boran members Kim Johnson and Clarence Black.Two of the new Boran members from the Samburu tribe, Teresa Cooper and Frank Garrison, had an old misunderstanding with another former Samburu member, Silas Gaither. So, by consensus, after Zohn's tribe lost the immunity challenge Gaither was voted out. Both of Zohn's alliance members Buchanan and Van den Berghe remained safe on the Samburu tribe, carrying all three into the merge. Zohn's alliance soon began to control the game, with other members Johnson and Goldsmith. They immediately targeted Black due to his physical strength, among other events that had occurred earlier in the game, and he was voted out. But Van den Berghe had received another vote at tribal council, a vote he believed had come from Goldsmith, but which actually came from Cooper. This led Van den Berghe on a witch-hunt against Goldsmith which almost led to the demise of Zohn's alliance when Goldsmith possessed the power with the other four ex-Samburu members, Cooper, Garrison, Kim Powers and Brandon Quinton.But at the last minute, Quinton switched his vote, saving Van den Berghe, and voting out Goldsmith. But this move came back to haunt Quinton when Zohn's alliance saw him as untrustworthy and voted him out at the next tribal council. Zohn, Van den Berghe, Buchanan, and Johnson regained control of the game, outing previous Samburu members Garrison, Powers and Cooper in the next three tribal councils, carrying them into the final four. At the next

masks: Ethan Ethan


title: Ethan Zohn

texts:
 immunity challenge, Johnson, the next target to be voted out, won immunity, leading to the alliance having to resort to voting one of their own out, despite the fact that the challenge contained some controversy. At any rate, Zohn joined Van den Berghe and Johnson in voting out Buchanan, carrying them into the Final Three. At the final three immunity challenge, older tribe member Johnson outlasted the two young, fit men to win immunity in an endurance challenge. With Johnson holding the power to choose who she would sit next to in the Final Two, she chose Zohn.In the end, Zohn beat out Johnson in a 5-2 vote to become the Sole Survivor, gaining the votes of Goldsmith, Garrison, Cooper, Buchanan, and Van den Berghe. All-Stars
Zohn was invited to participate in Survivor: All-Stars, which he gladly accepted. Originally part of the Saboga tribe, Zohn was immediately targeted as a previous winner, along with Survivor: The Australian Outback winner Tina Wesson. When Saboga lost immunity, the rest of the tribe decided to vote out Wesson first, needing Zohn's strength to win future challenges. When Saboga lost immunity once again, Zohn was spared once more over physical liability Rudy Boesch, who had hurt his ankle previously. In Episode 5, Zohn and the rest of the Saboga tribe were disbanded after losing a challenge. <mask> and Jerri Manthey joined the Mogo Mogo tribe, while Jenna Lewis and Rupert Boneham joined Chapera.Later in that episode, Zohn joined the rest of his new tribe to vote out Survivor: Borneo winner Richard Hatch. In Episode 7, Zohn was on the outs when the alliance of Manthey, Lex Van den Berghe, and Shii Ann Huang left him out in their decision to vote out Colby Donaldson. Zohn was shocked at the decision, feeling betrayed by old Survivor: Africa alliance member Van den Berghe. In Episode 8, Mogo Mogo lost immunity once again, and Zohn, the last former winner,


title: Ethan Zohn

texts:
 revealed that Zohn and Morasca were considered to return in Survivor: South Pacific, after applying for The Amazing Race. The couple declined the offer, saying they were not interested in competing against each other. In February 2013, Zohn and Morasca confirmed that they had amicably ended their relationship. On July 21, 2015, Zohn announced his engagement to New York City interior designer Lisa Heywood.They were married on July 16, 2016 in North Bennington, Vermont in a Jewish ceremony. On April 30, 2009, Zohn was diagnosed with a rare type of cancer called CD20-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma. He started chemotherapy in May 2009. On September 14, 2009, he disclosed that after three months of intensive chemotherapy, his cancer returned. He underwent a new treatment, including a stem-cell transplant, to battle the rare form of Hodgkin's disease. Zohn received a "clean CT scan" in late April 2010 and remained in remission for nearly 20 months. In September 2011, Zohn confirmed that the cancer had returned in his chest.In early March 2013, Zohn announced via The Jeff Probst Show that he was cancer-free due to two rounds of stem cell transplants that he received from his brother. Filmography

Television

References

External links
 Official website
 <mask> biography for Survivor: Africa at CBS.com
 <mask>n biography for Survivor: All-Stars at CBS.com

1973 births
The Amazing Race contestants
Jewish American sportspeople
American soccer players
Association football goalkeepers
Cape Cod Crusaders players
Hawaii Tsunami players
Highlanders F.C. players
Lexington High School alumni
Living people
People from Lexington, Massachusetts
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Survivor (American TV series) winners
USISL players
Vassar College alumni
Soccer players from Massachusetts
American expatriate soccer players
Expatriate footballers in Zimbabwe
American expatriates in

masks:
Ethan Zohn
Ethan Zoh


title: Alexander Robert Johnston

texts:
<mask>, FRS (formerly <mask>, 14 June 1812 – 21 January 1888) was a British colonial official who served twice as Acting Administrator of Hong Kong from 1841 to 1842. He also served in the Executive and Legislative Councils of Hong Kong. He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1845 for his work on the natural history of China. Early life
<mask> was born on 14 June 1812 in Colombo, Ceylon, as the third son of Sir <mask>, who was Chief Justice of Ceylon. He began his career in the Colonial Office as a writer in Mauritius in 1828, and shortly after became a clerk in the Colonial Secretary's department. He remained in the Mauritius civil service until 1833, when he returned to England after economic conditions in the colony forced him to leave his post. China

In 1833, <mask> became Private Secretary to his cousin Lord Napier, who was sent to Canton as Chief Superintendent of Trade after the abolition of the East India Company's monopoly of the China Trade.After Napier died in October 1834, he was replaced by John Francis Davis, and <mask> became Secretary and Treasurer of the Commission. After Davis' retirement in January 1835, <mask> became Third Superintendent of Trade. In November 1836, he was promoted to Second Superintendent. In 1837, after the Commission abolished the offices of Second and Third Superintendent, he became Deputy Superintendent of Trade under Captain Charles Elliot, who was both Chief Superintendent and Plenipotentiary. During the First Opium War, he served on board the steamship Nemesis in the expedition up the Broadway River from Macao to Canton on 13–15 March 1841. On 22 June, when Elliot prepared to join the British expeditionary force in the north during the war, he

masks:
Alexander Robert Johnston
Campbell Johnston
Johnston
Alexander Johnston
Johnston
Johnston
Johnston


title: Alexander Robert Johnston

texts: appointed <mask> as acting Administrator of Hong Kong. On 10 August, Sir Henry Pottinger arrived in China to replace Elliot as plenipotentiary.Pottinger, who arrived in Hong Kong on 22 August while on his way to the expedition, kept <mask> as acting administrator. Acting on Elliot's policy of encouraging a growing settlement, <mask> disposed land lots for development, which he classified into marine, town, and suburban. In November 1841, he sent Pottinger an account of the settlement's progress, such as the development of Queen's Road, the Magistracy, the Record Office, and a prison. Barracks were built in Stanley and a bridle path was laid towards Aberdeen. He reported that houses were being built and that many people were making applications for land. However, Pottinger criticised <mask> for granting land without elaboration of Hong Kong's future from the British government. He returned to Hong Kong on 1 February 1842.Historian Frank Welsh wrote, "He got few thanks for it, then or later, but it is largely due to <mask>'s initiative that Hong Kong was allowed to develop". When Pottinger left Hong Kong on 13 June to rejoin the expedition, <mask> was again left in charge and was told not to grant land except for barracks and the troops' families who began to arrive from Britain. In October 1842, he informed Pottinger of the crime and disorder in the colony. Piracy was frequent and isolated houses were attacked, often by gangs who landed from boats. The jail was full, but <mask> said he lacked the authority to impose sentences on the inmates awaiting trial. Such conditions helped the Colonial Office be aware of the importance of establishing full control of law and order, and the danger of

masks: Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston


title: Alexander Robert Johnston

texts:
 allowing the Chinese to share this responsibility. On 2 December, Pottinger returned from the north, and <mask> remained Deputy Superintendent of Trade, which was changed in 1843 to the Assistant and Registrar to the Superintendent of Trade.After Pottinger became the first Governor of Hong Kong on 26 June 1843, he appointed <mask> as a member of the Executive and Legislative Councils on 21 August. <mask> returned to England on sick leave in October 1843. He received a medal for his services on board the Nemesis during the war. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 5 June 1845 for his contributions to the natural history of China. He returned to Hong Kong in September 1845 as Secretary and Registrar to the Superintendent of Trade. In June 1846, <mask> was made a member of the Executive Council in place of Colonial Secretary Frederick Wright-Bruce who went on leave before being appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Newfoundland. After the abolition of the office of Secretary and Registrar on 25 September 1852, he obtained a compensation allowance, and retired to England in March 1853.Later life

On 30 September 1856, <mask> married Frances Ellen Palliser at St George's, Hanover Square, London. They had eight sons and two daughters, including Conway Campbell-<mask> (1859–1915), who died with his wife in the sinking of the Lusitania, and Malcolm Campbell-<mask>, who was Conservative Member of Parliament for East Ham South. <mask> resided in Suffolk, where he was a justice of the peace, and in London. In 1883, <mask> and his wife travelled to the United States, where they visited the small town of Garvanza, California. They purchased over  of the Rancho San Rafael from Victor Beaudry (brother

masks: Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston Johnston


title: Alexander Robert Johnston

texts:
 of businessman Prudent Beaudry) for agricultural and real estate development, and named it the San Rafael Ranch. They returned to England while their sons operated the ranch and then visited again in 1888. The ranch was used for cattle grazing and many buildings were constructed.<mask> died there on 21 January 1888. His widow accompanied his remains back to England, being buried in Brompton Cemetery, London. She hired Arthur Edmund Street (son of architect George Edmund Street) to design the Church of the Angels as a memorial. Street's design was based on Holmbury St Mary's Church in Surrey and later modified by architect Ernest Coxhead in Los Angeles. Built in 1889, it became a registered historic landmark in Pasadena. It is the most prominent remaining structure from the Campbell-Johnston Ranch. Namesakes
Johnston House, present-day known as the Former French Mission Building, 1, Battery Path, Central, Hong Kong
Johnston Road, Wan Chai, Hong Kong
Mount Johnston, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong
Johnston Lake, Pasadena, California, United States

Notes
Footnotes

Citations

References
The Chinese Repository.Volume 11. Canton. 1842. Endacott, G. B. (2005) [1962]. A Biographical Sketch-book of Early Hong Kong. Hong Kong University Press. .
Wordie, Jason (2002).Streets: Exploring Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong University Press. . External links
Records of <mask> at The National Archives

1812 births
1888 deaths
19th-century British politicians
19th-century Hong Kong people
British people of the First Opium War
<mask>
Governors of Hong Kong
Members of the Executive Council of Hong Kong
Members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong
People from Colombo
People of British Ceylon
Sri Lankan people of British

masks:
Johnston
Johnston
Campbell Johnston


title: Joseph Ward

texts: <mask>, 1st Baronet,  (26 April 1856 – 8 July 1930) was a New Zealand politician who served as the 17th prime minister of New Zealand from 1906 to 1912 and from 1928 to 1930. He was a dominant figure in the Liberal and United ministries of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. <mask> was born into an Irish Catholic family in Melbourne, Victoria. In 1863, financial hardship forced his family to move to New Zealand, where he completed his education. <mask> established a successful grain trade in Invercargill in 1877 and soon became prominent in local politics. He became a Member of Parliament in 1887. Following the election of the Liberal Government in 1891, <mask> was appointed as Postmaster-General under John Ballance; he was promoted to Minister of Finance in the succeeding ministry of Richard Seddon.<mask> became Prime Minister on 6 August 1906, following Seddon's death two months earlier. In his first period of government, <mask> advocated greater unity within the British Empire, led New Zealand to Dominion status, and increased New Zealand's contribution to the Royal Navy. His government faced strong opposition from the Reform Party and the newly formed socialist parties. He led the Liberal Party to two election victories, in 1908 and 1911, albeit with a one-seat majority in the latter. He resigned as head of government on 28 March 1912. During the First World War, <mask> led his party in a coalition with the Reform Party. As co-leader of the government, <mask> had a strained working relationship with Prime Minister William Massey.The coalition was dissolved in 1919 and <mask> resigned as Liberal leader. After a six-year absence from national politics, <mask> returned to parliament in 1925. He became Prime Minister on 10 December 1928, as leader of the United Party, which had formed from the remnants of the former Liberal Party. <mask> attempted to rejuvenate liberal support in New Zealand but his party lost ground to the New Zealand Labour Party. Failing health forced his retirement from

masks:
Sir Joseph George Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward


title: Joseph Ward

texts:
 leadership on 28 May 1930. Early life

<mask> was born in Melbourne on 26 April 1856 to a Roman Catholic family of Irish descent. His father, William, died in 1860, aged 31 – <mask> was raised by his mother was successful businesswoman <mask> Barron.In 1863, the family moved to Bluff (then officially known as Campbelltown), in New Zealand's Southland region, seeking better financial security – <mask> Barron established a shop and a boarding house. <mask> received his formal education at primary schools in Melbourne and Bluff. He did not go to secondary school. He did, however, read extensively, and also picked up a good understanding of business from his mother. In 1869, <mask> found a job at the Post Office, and later as a clerk. Later, with the help of a loan from his mother, <mask> began to work as a freelance trader, selling supplies to the newly established Southland farming community. Early political career

<mask> became involved in local politics very quickly.He was elected to the Campbelltown (Bluff) Borough Council in 1878, despite being only 21 years old – at age 25 he became Mayor, the youngest in New Zealand. He also served on the Bluff Harbour Board, eventually becoming its chairman. In 1887, <mask> stood for Parliament, winning the seat of Awarua. Politically, <mask> was a supporter of politicians such as Julius Vogel and Robert Stout, leaders of the liberal wing of Parliament – <mask>'s support was unusual in the far south. <mask> became known as a strong debater on economic matters. In 1891, when the newly founded Liberal Party came to power, the new Prime Minister, John Ballance, appointed <mask> as Postmaster General. Later, when Richard Seddon became Prime Minister after Ballance's death, <mask> became Treasurer (Minister of Finance).<mask>'s basic political outlook was that the state existed to support and promote private enterprise, and his conduct as Treasurer reflects this. <mask>'s increasing occupation with government affairs led to neglect of his own business

masks:
Ward
Ward
Hannah Ward
Hannah Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward
Ward


title: Joseph Ward

texts:
 interests, however, and his personal finances began to deteriorate. In 1896, a judge declared <mask> "hopelessly insolvent". This placed <mask>, as Treasurer, in a politically difficult situation, and he was forced to resign his portfolios on 16 June. In 1897, he was forced to file for bankruptcy, which legally obligated him to resign his seat in Parliament. A loophole meant that there was nothing to stop him contesting it again, however. In the resulting by-election he was elected with an increased majority.<mask> gained considerable popularity as a result of his financial troubles – he was widely seen as a great benefactor of the Southland region, and public perceptions were that he was being persecuted by his enemies over an honest mistake. Gradually, <mask> rebuilt his businesses, and paid off his creditors. Seddon, still Prime Minister, quickly reappointed him to Cabinet where he served as Minister of Railways and Postmaster-General. On 19 June 1901, on the occasion of the visit of TRH the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (later King George V and Queen Mary) to New Zealand, he was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) for overseeing the introduction of the Penny Post throughout New Zealand. <mask> gradually emerged as the most prominent of Seddon's supporters, and was seen as a possible successor. As Seddon's long tenure as Prime Minister continued, some suggested that <mask> should challenge Seddon for the leadership, but <mask> was unwilling. In 1906, Seddon unexpectedly died.<mask> was in London at the time. It was generally agreed in the party that <mask> would succeed him, although the return journey would take two months – William Hall-Jones became Prime Minister until <mask> arrived. <mask> was sworn in on 6 August 1906. First premiership

<mask> was not seen by most as being of the same calibre as Seddon. The diverse interests of the Liberal Party, many believed, had been held together only by Seddon's strength of personality and his

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: Joseph Ward

texts:
 powers of persuasion – <mask> was not seen as having the same qualities. Frequent internal disputes led to indecision and frequent policy changes, with the result being paralysis of government. The Liberal Party's two main support bases, left-leaning urban workers and conservative small farmers, were increasingly at odds, and <mask> lacked any coherent strategy to solve the problem – any attempt to please one group simply alienated the other.<mask> increasingly focused on foreign affairs, which was seen by his opponents as a sign that he could not cope with the country's problems. In 1901, <mask> established the world's first Ministry of Health and Tourism, and became the British Empire's first Minister of Public Health. On 26 September 1907, <mask> proclaimed New Zealand's new status as a Dominion. In the 1908 election the Liberals won a majority, but in the 1911 election Parliament appeared to be deadlocked. The Liberals survived for a time on the casting vote of the Speaker, but <mask>, discouraged by the result, resigned from the premiership in March the following year. The party replaced him with Thomas Mackenzie, his Minister of Agriculture, whose government survived only a few more months. <mask>, who most believed had finished his political career, returned to the back benches and refused several requests to resume the leadership of the disorganised Liberals.He occupied himself with relatively minor matters, and took his family on a visit to England, where he was created a baronet by King George V on 20 June 1911. Leader of the Opposition

On 11 September 1913, however, <mask> finally accepted the leadership of the Liberal Party once again. <mask> extracted a number of important concessions from the party, insisting on a very high level of personal control – he felt that the party's previous lack of direction was the primary cause for its failure. He also worked to build alliances with the growing labour movement, which was now standing candidates in many seats. <mask> lead the Liberals

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: Joseph Ward

texts: into the 1914 election and gained two seats. Despite the gains the Reform government was reduced to a bare minimum majority and when a by-election in Dunedin Central was triggered early the next year there was much at stake. The Liberal Party chose not contest the election themselves but <mask> actively toured the electorate holding meetings to encourage the electors to vote for the Labour candidate Jim Munro.In the event of a Labour victory it was conceivable for <mask> to form a minority government with Labour support. <mask> had made preparation for a return to power, but the Reform Party managed to hold the seat. On 12 August 1915, <mask> and accepted a proposal by William Massey and the governing Reform Party to form a joint administration for World War I. <mask> became deputy leader of the administration, also holding the Finance portfolio. Relations between <mask> and Massey were not good – besides their political differences, <mask> was an Irish Catholic, and Massey was an Irish Protestant. The administration ended on 21 August 1919 following a decision made by caucus to do so two months earlier. In the 1919 election <mask> lost the seat of Awarua, and left Parliament.In 1923, he contested a by-election in Tauranga, but was defeated by a Reform Party candidate, Charles MacMillan. <mask> was largely considered a spent force. In the 1925 election, however, he narrowly returned to Parliament as MP for Invercargill. <mask> contested the seat under the "Liberal" label, despite the fact that the remnants of the Liberal Party were now calling themselves by different names – his opponents characterised him as living in the past, and of attempting to fight the same battles over again. <mask>'s health was also failing. In 1928 the remnants of the Liberal Party reasserted themselves as the new United Party, focused around George Forbes (leader of one faction of the Liberals), Bill Veitch (leader of another faction), and Albert Davy (a former organiser for the Reform Party). Forbes and Veitch both

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: Joseph Ward

texts:
 sought the leadership, and neither gained a clear advantage.Davy invited <mask> to step in as a compromise candidate, perhaps hoping that <mask>'s status as a former Prime Minister would create a sense of unity. Second premiership

<mask> accepted an offer from Albert Davy and became leader of the new United Party, fighting off three other contenders. His health, however, was still poor, and he found the task difficult. In the 1928 election campaign, <mask> startled both his supporters and his audience by promising to borrow £70 million in the course of a year to revive the economy – this is believed to have been a mistake caused by <mask>'s failing eyesight. Despite the strong objections his party had to this "promise", it was sufficient to prompt a massive surge in support for United – in the election United gained the same number of seats as Reform. With the backing of the Labour Party, <mask> became Prime Minister again, 22 years after his original appointment. He also briefly served as Minister of External Affairs in 1929.<mask> was also attempting to rejuvenate liberal support in New Zealand. His cabinet was rather youthful, with only two members (Thomas Wilford and Āpirana Ngata), other than himself, having held ministerial portfolios before. <mask>, as Finance Minister, passed a mini-budget at the end of 1928 appropriating £1,175,000 for public works construction. In 1929 the government reneged on the £70 million borrowing promise and introduced a watered down land tax. In October, under increasing pressure from Labour, <mask> made moves to reduce the growing unemployment numbers. Health and death

<mask>'s health continued to decline. From late-September 1929 <mask> seldom attended debates in the House and from March 1930 <mask> was too ill to even hold meetings of the Cabinet.He suffered a number of heart attacks, and soon it was Forbes who was effectively running the government. <mask> was determined not to resign, and remained Prime Minister until well after he had lost the ability

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: Joseph Ward

texts:
 to perform the role effectively. On 28 May 1930, <mask> succumbed to strong pressure from his colleagues and his family, and passed the premiership to Forbes. <mask> had been promoted to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George in the 1930 New Year Honours. <mask> remained a member of the cabinet as a Minister without Portfolio, but died shortly afterwards, on 8 July. He was given a state funeral with a Requiem Mass celebrated on 9 July  at the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, Hill St, Wellington. <mask> had been an active worshipper there (and at its destroyed predecessor, St Mary's Cathedral) for all of his thirty-seven years as an MP.The Mass was celebrated by Bishop O'Shea (the Coadjutor Archbishop of Wellington), and Archbishop Redwood, 1st Archbishop of Wellington, delivered the panagyric. <mask> was buried with considerable ceremony in Bluff. His son Vincent was elected to replace him as MP for Invercargill. Arms

References

Bibliography

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1856 births
1930 deaths
Australian emigrants to New Zealand
Australian people of Irish descent
Australian Roman Catholics
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
New Zealand people of Irish descent
New Zealand defence ministers
New Zealand finance ministers
New Zealand foreign ministers
New Zealand Liberal Party MPs
Leaders of political parties in New Zealand
New Zealand Roman Catholics
Politicians from Melbourne
Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
United Party (New Zealand) MPs
Independent MPs of New Zealand
People from Bluff, New Zealand
Mayors of places in Southland, New Zealand
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1919 New Zealand general election
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Colonial Secretaries of New Zealand
19th-century New Zealand politicians
New Zealand members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
New Zealand recipients of

masks: Ward Ward Ward Ward Ward


title: Shelley Niro

texts:
<mask> (born 1954) is a Mohawk filmmaker and visual artist from New York and Ontario. She is known for her photographs using herself and female family members cast in contemporary positions to challenge the stereotypes and clichés of Native American women. A multidisciplinary contemporary artist skilled in photography, painting, sculpting, beadwork, multimedia, and independent film, Niro is a member of the Turtle clan of the Kanienkehaka (Mohawk Nation) from Six Nations of the Grand River. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Niagara Falls, New York in 1954 and grew up on the Six Nations of the Grand River Reserve, near Brantford, Ontario, Canada. Niro's home life made it easy for creativity to flourish while entertaining her siblings through songs, storytelling, and picture drawing. Niro's family had a big impact on her work, and would later make appearances in various compositions. Niro's artistic ambitions began with her earning a diploma in performing arts from Cambrian College in Sudbury, Ontario, in 1972.In 1990, she received an honors fine arts degree in painting and sculpture from Ontario College of Art. Niro went on to earn a master of fine arts from the University of Western Ontario in 1997. In 2000, Niro attended the Banff Centre for the Arts to study film. Art career
Niro explored the oral history of the Haudenosaunee people in general and the diaspora of Mohawk people in particular. She is known for her photography, which often combines portraits of living Native women with customary Mohawk imagery. She uses herself, friends, and family members as models. Her 1992 photographic series, This Land Is Mime Land and 500 Year Itch employ humorous pop culture references, such as Elvis Presley and

masks:
Shelley Niro
Shelley Niro


title: Shelley Niro

texts:
 Marilyn Monroe.<mask> often works in diptychs and triptychs, using photographic processes such as photo montage, hand tints, and sepia tones. Shelly <mask> is often compared to the artist Cindy Sherman because they both cast themselves in different roles in an attempt to break down various stereotypes. Niro, however, never fully disguises herself. "She wants the viewer to recognize her within her manifestations." As her skills advanced, Niro would feature family members in her art pieces. Her piece Time Travels Through Us shows her mother and two of her sisters as a way to represent the social, cultural, and personal values passed from generation to generation. The colors purple and silver reference Iroquois aesthetics and culture.A turtle represents Niro's spirit animal, as well as being a reference to the Turtle Clan of which she is a member. Most of <mask>'s work is conceptual, touching on themes of gender imbalance, cultural appropriation, and the importance of cultural influences. She uses the immersion of different mediums to engage her audience with her perspective. In spite of the serious themes such as cultural loss and oppression, some of Niro's pieces have used humor and satire as a form of resistance to convey social misconceptions about her culture while poking fun at outdated stereotypes and ideas. Personal life
<mask> currently resides in Brantford, Ontario, with her husband. Group exhibitions

 1999: Across Borders: Beadwork in Iroquois Life, McCord Museum, Montreal, Quebec
 2019: Hearts of Our People: Native Women Artists, Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN

Film and video
Niro's first film was It Starts With a Whisper, which she co-directed with Anna Gronau in 1992. Other films

masks:
Niro
Niro
Niro
Shelley Niro


title: Shelley Niro

texts:
 include:
 Kissed by Lightning (2009), producer, director
 The Flying Head (2008), director
 The Shirt (2003), director; stars Hulleah Tsinhnahjinnie
 Honey Moccasin (1998), director; stars Tantoo Cardinal
 Overweight with Crooked Teeth (1997), producer, director
 It Starts with a Whisper (1993), producer, director
1992, Niro directed her first short film “It Starts With a Whisper” with co-director Anna Gronau.In this film, Niro wanted to discuss the issues of gender, Native identity, and colonialism. Niro was able to showcase her unconventional narrative and performance elements using satire, burlesque, and music tracing back to her heritage to convey her perspective as a Native American. 1997,  Niro directed the film “Overweight With Crooked Teeth” which was meant to poke fun at the common misconceptions and stereotypes of the “Aboriginal Warrior”. In most of her works, Niro likes to play with masquerade, parody, and appropriation while calling out inconsistencies. 1998, Niro directed the film “Honey Moccasin” featuring Tantoo Cardinal and Billy Merasty. This film won “Best Experimental Work” at the Dreamspeakers Festival in Edmonton and “Best Feature” at Red Earth Film Festival in Oklahoma. 2003, Niro's film “The Shirt”, featuring actor Hulleah Tsinhnahjinnie, was exhibited in the Venice Biennale along with her photography pieces, and was later presented in the 2004 Sundance Film Festival in Park City, Utah.At the 2007 Venice Biennale, <mask>'s film “Tree” was paired alongside performance art by fellow Native artist, Lori Blondeau, for the Requickening Project, which represents long term collaborations between the indigenous peoples of the Americas and the city of Venice. 2009, with support of Telefilm


title: Shelley Niro

texts:
 Canada, <mask> was able to direct and produce her first film, “Kissed By Lightning” starring Kateri Walker and Eric Schweig about a Mohawk painter in a state of grief. The film premiered at the imagineNATIVE Film + Media Arts Festival, and went on to win the Santa Fe Film Festival's 2009 “Milagro Award for Best Indigenous Film”. Awards and recognition
The National Museum of American History named <mask> a fellow in 1997. She won the Walking in Beauty Award for her 1992 production It Starts With a Whisper. The film Honey Moccasin won Best Experimental Work at the Dreamspeakers Festival in Edmonton, Alberta and Best Feature, Best Actress, Best Actor, and Best Director at the Red Earth Festival in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. She was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.Her short film The Shirt was presented at the 2003 Venice Biennale and the 2004 Sundance Film Festival in Park City, UT. Niro was awarded a Governor General's Award in Visual and Media Arts in 2017. <mask>'s art has been featured in several exhibitions and museums across Canada and the United States, including the National Museum of the American Indian (NMAI). Her artistic achievements have also earned Niro fellowships and residencies at major educational and cultural institutions, and the honor of being “Guest Selector” for the NMAI's “Native American Film + Video Festival”. Niro participated in prominent exhibitions at the Venice Biennale. In 2003, Niro was the exhibition artist for the Indigenous Arts Action Alliance (IA3) showcasing her photography work, as well as her short film “The Shirt” which was later screened at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival. Niro received two awards for the film “Honey Moccasin” which she directed in

masks: Niro Niro Niro


title: Shelley Niro

texts:
 1998.This film won “Best Experimental Work” at the Dreamspeakers Festival in Edmonton, and “Best Feature” at the Red Earth Film Festival in Oklahoma. In 2009, <mask> received the “Milagro Award for Best Indigenous Film” for “Kissed by Lightning” at the Santa Fe Film Festival. She won the Scotiabank Photography Award in 2017. In 2020, she was awarded the Paul de Hueck and Norman Walford Career Achievement Award for Art Photography for outstanding achievement in the field of photography. In 2020, <mask> received the Paul de Hueck and Norman Walford Career Achievement Award. Quotations
"Some people think that to be Indian, you have to do certain things, but I'm saying that you're Indian no matter what you do, but you have to decide what you want to do and you have to ask questions, like, am I doing something because it's expected of me to do, or am I doing it because I really believe this and it's really a part of me. So I'm always questioning that, saying, "Am I being truthful to myself?How much a part of what I do is part of my psychology?" —<mask>

Notes

References
 Ryan, Allan J. The Trickster Shift: Humour and Irony in Contemporary Native Art. Victoria: University of British Columbia Press, 1999. . External links
Official website
Interview with <mask> by Larry Abbott

<mask>, Vision Project, by Ryan Rice

Living people
1954 births
Canadian Mohawk people
First Nations painters
First Nations photographers
First Nations filmmakers
People from Niagara Falls, New York
People from the County of Brant
University of Western Ontario alumni
Canadian women painters
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
21st-century Canadian women artists
Native American women artists
Six Nations of the Grand River
21st-century

masks:
Niro
Niro
Shelley Niro
Shelley Niro
Shelley Niro


title: Clu Gulager

texts:
William Martin "<mask>" <mask> (born November 16, 1928) is an American television and film actor and director born in Holdenville, Oklahoma. He first became known for his work in television, appearing in the co-starring role of William H. Bonney (Billy the Kid) in the 1960–1962 NBC television series The Tall Man and as Emmett Ryker in another NBC Western series, The Virginian. He later had a second career as a horror film actor, including a lead part in Dan O'Bannon's The Return of the Living Dead (1985). He also was in A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (1985). In 2005 he started acting in his son's horror films—the Feasts films and Piranha DD—in his 80s. Gulager's first major film role was in Don Siegel's The Killers (1964) with Lee Marvin and Ronald Reagan in his only movie role as a villain, followed by a supporting part in the racing film Winning (1969) opposite Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward; in Peter Bogdanovich's drama The Last Picture Show (1971); and opposite John Wayne in McQ (1974). In the 1980s, Gulager appeared in several horror films, such as The Initiation (1984) and the zombie comedy The Return of the Living Dead (1985).In 2005, he appeared in the horror film Feast, as well as its sequels. He also appeared in the independent film Tangerine (2015) and in Quentin Tarantino's Once Upon a Time in Hollywood (2019). Gulager directed the short film A Day with the Boys, which was nominated for the Palme d'Or for Best Short Film at the 1969 Cannes Film Festival. Early life
Gulager was born in Holdenville, Oklahoma on November 16, 1928, the son of

masks: Clu Gulager


title: Clu Gulager

texts:
 John Delancy <mask>, who had been an actor before settling down to practice law in nearby Muskogee.|One source described John Gulager as a cowboy entertainer. His paternal grandmother, Martha Schrimsher <mask>, was a sister of Mary Scrimshaw, the mother of Will Rogers, making Gulager and Rogers first cousins, once removed. He is Cherokee, being an enrolled citizen of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma. His Cherokee nickname was given to him by his father for the clu-clu birds (known in English as martins, like his middle name) that were nesting at the Gulager home at the time of his birth.From 1946 to 1948, Gulager served in the United States Marine Corps. After attending Northeastern State University in Tahlequah, Oklahoma, Gulager transferred to Baptist-affiliated Baylor University in Waco, Texas, where he graduated. He won a one-year scholarship to study abroad in Paris, where he worked under Jean Louis Barrault, a French actor and director. In 1952, he returned to Baylor. In 1960, he married fellow actor Miriam Byrd-Nethery. The couple had two sons, John and Tom, and remained married until her death in 2003. Career

In 1958, Gulager appeared as Roy Carter in the episode "The Return of Roy Carter" (written by Gene Roddenberry, creator of Star Trek) in the Western television series Have Gun – Will Travel starring Richard Boone.In the spring of 1959, <mask> appeared as Tommy Pavlock in the episode "The Immigrant" of NBC's series The Lawless Years, a 1920s crime drama. In the fall of 1959, he appeared in the episode "The Temple of the Swinging Doll" of NBC's

masks: Gulager Gulager Gulager


title: Clu Gulager

texts: short-lived espionage drama Five Fingers, starring David Hedison. On June 3, 1959, he guest-starred as the unscrupulous photographer Elliott Garrison in "The Andrew Hale Story" on NBC's Wagon Train. On October 11, 1959, Gulager appeared as a U.S. Navy sailor in the "Appointment at Eleven" episode of Alfred Hitchcock Presents and again as an escaped convict in "Pen Pal" on November 1, 1960. On The Untouchables, he played the role of real-life vicious mob killer Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll. <mask> was hailed for his utterly chilling performance as the psychopathic Coll. Late in 1959, he was cast as Beau Chandler in the episode "Jessie Quinn" of the NBC Western series Riverboat, starring Darren McGavin and Burt Reynolds.The episode is a tale of intrigue involving the Texas Revolution. Capt. Holden attempts to send weapons to Sam Houston, but forces of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna in Mexico threaten to blow up Holden's vessel, the Enterprise. From 1960 to 1962, <mask> played Billy the Kid in The Tall Man opposite Barry Sullivan as Sheriff Pat Garrett. The episodes portray Billy as a sympathetic character without resorting to the "misunderstood young man" theme used in such films as The Outlaw and The Left Handed Gun. In 1961, Gulager guest-starred in another NBC Western, Whispering Smith, Audie Murphy's only attempt at series television. Gulager portrayed Deputy Sheriff Emmett Ryker from 1964 to 1968 on The Virginian, the 90-minute Western series in which he starred with James Drury, <mask>, Lee J. Cobb, Roberta Shore, Randy Boone, Gary Clarke, and Diane Roter.Gulager

masks:
Gulager
Gulager
Doug McClure


title: Jonathan Kenworthy

texts:
<mask> (born 23 June 1943 in Windermere, Westmorland) is a British sculptor and Fellow of the Royal Society of British Sculptors. Biography

Aged eleven <mask> attended the Royal College of Art in London under the tutelage of Professor John Skeaping, who later said of him
keeping to his own ideas he is to my mind the best sculptor of animals to make an appearance this century. (Les sources de l'art – Les Animaux 1968)
<mask> also went to Kingston Grammar School, dividing his time between school and the sculpture schools of the Royal College. He then spent two years at Wimbledon College of Art before entering the Royal Academy Schools, in 1961 for four years in the School of Sculpture. While at the Academy Schools he was awarded the Landseer Travelling Scholarship prize (twice), the President's Prize for Craftsmanship, Four silver medals for sculpture and the Gold Medal and Travelling Scholarship for Sculpture in 1965, he remains the youngest ever winner of the prestigious Gold Medal. He also studied anatomy at the Royal Veterinary College in London and later in the Department of Comparative Anatomy at Nairobi University, under Professor Reinhold Hofmann. In 1965 <mask> had his first exhibition with the Tryon Gallery, Mayfair, London.His life-size carving in black Kellymount limestone of a Stalking Leopard was bought by Mr.& Mrs Russell Byers and presented to the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh.<ref name=times>Daily Express 27 November 1965. "Times 1965</ref> He exhibited in South Africa with Everard Read at the Pieter Wenning Gallery in Johannesburg in 1966 and at the Incurable Collector in New York where his carving of a Roaring Lion in Blu Turqu Marble was sold to a private collector. In 1969, following annual study tours to East Africa, <mask> won the Elizabeth Greenshields Foundation

masks:
Jonathan Martin Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Kenworthy


title: Jonathan Kenworthy

texts: award and had his first solo exhibition in London <mask> Bronzes and Drawings: Movement and Wildlife in Africa at the Tryon Gallery followed by Impressions of Africa in 1971, and Kenworthy '75 – Cheetah Hunting Series, Baboons and Nomads. The cheetah hunting was an innovative idea to make five bronzes to depict first a cheetah in a tree, then the cheetah starting to stalk its prey, a young wildebeest, followed by the chase and finally the kill. In 1976, <mask>'s Kenya, a one-hour television programme for World About Us was aired for the first time on the BBC. The programme was produced by George Inger. <mask>'s first one-man show in New York was held at the Coe Kerr Gallery in Manhattan's Upper East Side, following his trip to Afghanistan in 1977.This exhibition, Horsemen of the Hindu Kush, contained a collection of bronzes, studies and drawings of the Afghan horsemen playing the ancient game of buzkashi. The ensuing exhibitions were People of the Desert: Nomads of East Africa in 1985 and Survival in the Serengeti, 1991, Coe Kerr Gallery, New York. During the 1990s, <mask> worked on a thirty-foot sculpture of the Lioness and a Lesser Kudu a commission for the Duke of Westminster. <mask> carved the sculptures out of blocks of polystyrene, the models were cast by the Meridan Bronze Foundry in London in 1998. One casting sits on a hundred foot long oval pond at Eaton Hall, Cheshire, the second is in Upper Grosvenor Gardens in London. Apart from an early commission for writer Ernest Hemingway's widow, Mary Hemingway, for her husband's grave in Ketchum, Idaho and later The Leopard, for Paul Wates, <mask> does not normally work to commission, preferring instead to develop a theme and a body of work for exhibition. His early success has enabled him to maintain his own pace and artistic

masks:
Jonathan Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Kenworthy


title: Jonathan Kenworthy

texts:
 integrity.He sketches while on safari and uses drawing to develop his ideas in the studio,  his exhibitions always include some drawings to accompany the sculptures. In 2002 he exhibited with the Gerald Peters Gallery in New York, Rhythms of Life, a collection of bronzes and drawings covering a wide range of  subjects: Afghan Women out walking in Kabul, African tribesmen: a Dinka with a pipe, a Turkana with his sons,  a Stretching Tiger from Nepal, a Kuchi couple on horseback on the road to Jalalabad, and a sculpture of Horus at the Temple of Edfu, entitled Yesterday's Gods. A catalogue raisonne of his work, <mask> Sculpture and Works on Paper, was published by LionTree Publications in 2007, with a foreword by Dr. Catherine Wills and an introduction by American writer and director, John Heminway. He continues to travel extensively and work at his studio in Surrey, casting his bronzes with Pangolin Editions foundry in Stroud. His most recent works include mountain gorillas cast in bronze or silver,( British Silver Week at Chatsworth, 2009) a large seated Warthog (Portland Gallery, 2007) and Nomads: three larger bronzes of a Samburu Moran (Warrior) (Crucible Exhibition 2010, Gloucester Cathedral), Masai Boy with Goat and a Somali Woman and child, (Tryon Gallery, London, 2011)

<mask> has a worldwide following of private collectors, dealers and artists and his work appears on the secondary market with auction houses, Sotheby's and Christie's, in New York and London. A retrospective exhibition entitled 'Six Decades of Sculpture' was on at the Pangolin London, 90 York Way, London from March until April 2013. The exhibition was reviewed by William Packer in the Times on 6 April 2013 – '<mask>worthy is, at 70, one of England's most remarkable modern sculptors, and also one of its most

masks:
Jonathan Kenworthy
Kenworthy
Jonathan Ken


title: Q'orianka Kilcher

texts:
<mask> (; born February 11, 1990) is an American actress, singer, and activist. Her best known film roles are Pocahontas in Terrence Malick's 2005 film The New World, and Kaʻiulani in Princess Kaiulani (2009). In 2020 she starred in a recurring role on the Paramount television series Yellowstone. Early life
<mask> was born in Schweigmatt, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany. Her name Q'orianka means "Golden Eagle" in Quechua. Her father is of Quechua–Huachipaeri background from Peru, while her mother, <mask>, is an American human rights activist of Swiss-German origin. When Kilcher was two, she and her mother moved to Kapaʻa, Hawaii, US, where her brother Kainoa was born.Her father, from whom she is estranged, was absent for much of her life. Growing up in Hawaii, Kilcher was inspired by the local culture and started hula dancing at the age of five. She also trained in Tahitian dance and West African, as well as ballet, hip hop and modern dance. In 1997, Kilcher won Ballet Hawaii's Young Choreographer Award at age seven. She was selected to compete at the international Tahitian Dance Competition in San Jose, California, in 1996 and 1997. She performed in over fifty professional dance performances island wide. As a member of the Waikiki Singers, she was chosen to be the soprano soloist, performing Schubert's Mass in G and Amahl and the Night Visitors by Gian Carlo Menotti.At the age of six years, <mask> was the first child to study classical voice at the University of Hawaii with Laurance Paxton. She also studied drama with Bill Ogilvie at the Diamond Head Theater. When she was six, her mother booked her at venues as a featured singer and opening act to some of Hawaii's greats, such as Willie K (Kahaiali'i) among others. In 1999, her mother moved the

masks:
Q orianka Waira Qoiana Kilcher
Kilcher
Saskia Kilcher
Kilcher


title: Q'orianka Kilcher

texts:
 family to California. Kilcher started to sing and dance for tourist donations, busking on the Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica. Career
At the age of nine, <mask> was cast as Choire Who in Ron Howard's How the Grinch Stole Christmas. She was 12 when she received a full scholarship to the Musician's Institute in Hollywood, where she studied vocal performance, music theory and songwriting.She also studied martial arts and stunts: she is an accomplished black belt in Wushu kung fu and a stunt performer and has trained at the National Wushu Training Center and Impact Stunts. At age 14, Q'orianka portrayed Pocahontas in the Academy Award-nominated motion picture The New World (2005), directed by Terrence Malick. Her performance was critically acclaimed and won her the National Board of Review's best breakthrough performance of 2006, the 2006 Alma Award for best Latin American actress in a feature film, and numerous other award nominations. The film was released in December 2005. The film was a critical success, receiving several positive reviews and award nominations, but it was shown in only 811 theatres worldwide. It yielded a relatively low box office gross. In the summer of 2006, Kilcher began filming the independent film The Power of Few, which she produced through her own production company, Entertainment On-Q.She played the title role in the 2009 feature film Princess Kaiulani. The film, about the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy, was released in May 2010 to negative reviews. But Kilcher received positive feedback for her role, with Roger Ebert writing that "she evokes great depth and sympathy in her role and seems to have created Kaiulani from the inside out." In 2009, Kilcher performed in The People Speak, a documentary feature film


title: Q'orianka Kilcher

texts:
 that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of common people in the U.S., based on historian Howard Zinn's "A People's History of the United States". A year later, she played Pinti in the family drama Shouting Secrets. The film won Best Film at the 36th American Indian Film Festival in San Francisco, and <mask> was nominated for Best Supporting Actress. She also portrayed Kerrianne Larkin, daughter of Chibs Telford and Fiona Larkin, in the television series Sons of Anarchy.In 2011, Kilcher played Tiger Lily in Neverland, a version of the Peter Pan story that aired on the Syfy Channel. In 2012, Kilcher starred in Firelight alongside Cuba Gooding Jr. and played the role of Caroline Magabo, a young Latina inmate who finds a new lease on life by becoming a volunteer firefighter along with other female juvenile delinquents. In 2013, she portrayed Rayen in Running Deer, an award-winning short film produced and directed by Brent Ryan Green through Toy Gun Films. In 2018, Kilcher appeared in TNT’s The Alienist as Mary Palmer. Kilcher appeared in the 2019 adventure film Dora and the Lost City of Gold as the Inca princess. She will next appear in Channing Tatum's directorial debut Dog. Activism
Kilcher has made a commitment to human rights and environmental activism.She speaks on behalf of causes to achieve what she regards as environmental justice and basic human rights. Traveling frequently to speak at youth events, colleges and universities, she has been a featured keynote speaker for organizations such as Amnesty International, the International Forum on Globalization, Amazon Watch IFIP and the United Nations panel discussions titled "Indigenous Peoples: Human Rights, Dignity and Development with Identity", in


title: Q'orianka Kilcher

texts: collaboration with the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. She lends her celebrity, voice, and energy as spokeswoman, collaborator, and supporter to several international and national NGOs and organizations, such as youth ambassador for Amnesty International (Global Youth Ambassador for Woman's Rights), AIDESEP (spokesperson and voice), Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Rainforest Federations, the Community School for the Arts foundation (volunteer/spokesperson) and Thursdays Child (youth counselor) Turning The Tides (volunteer/spokesperson), Save Americas Forests, IDEM (South Dakota Youth Project) and is a spokesperson for the American Literacy Campaign. Working with the National Endowment For the Arts on their "The Big Read" campaign, she will record a book review. Kilcher has read Howard Zinn's The People Speak in staged readings. She joined the cast for the first People Speak film series. <mask> recently launched her own youth-driven human rights and environmental organization "On-q Initiative", to connect young Hollywood with youth activist leaders and projects from around the world in support of environmental sustainability, corporate accountability, and basic human rights.Through her production company, IQ-Films, <mask> is producing several cause-driven documentaries and youth-programming projects. On June 11, 2009, she visited Lima to support indigenous peoples' rights in the Amazon in Bagua, Peru. In 2007, Kilcher won the Brower Youth Award, an environmental award, for her work in persuading Occidental Petroleum to withdraw from the Peruvian Amazon valley. She also received the Young Hollywood Green Award. On June 1, 2010, <mask> and her mother were arrested after Kilcher chained herself to the

masks: Kilcher Kilcher Kilcher


title: Q'orianka Kilcher

texts:
 gates in front of the White House in Washington, D.C. while her mother poured black paint on her to signify oil. They were protesting President Obama's meeting with Peruvian President Alan García, accusing the latter of selling land in the Amazon rainforest to corporations while suppressing indigenous protests. Both were charged with disorderly conduct.The charges were dropped on June 6, 2011, after the two completed community service. On September 4, 2015, Kilcher was part of a group that sang "Love Song to the Earth". The song aims at raising awareness of climate change, with all proceeds benefiting Friends of the Earth U.S. and the UN Foundation. She and several "Love Song" singers performed in Washington, D.C. before Pope Francis' address to the U.S. Congress. Family
Q'orianka's two brothers, Kainoa and Xihuaru <mask>, both of whom work as actors and stunt performers. Kilcher's maternal grandfather was Ray "Pirate" Genet, a Swiss-born mountaineer who later immigrated to the United States. Her first-cousin once removed is Jewel, the singer.The founding patriarch of their family in Alaska, Yule <mask> <mask> on Climate Change Activism - video report by Democracy Now! 1990 births
Living people
American street performers
American child actresses
American film actresses
American humanitarians
Women humanitarians
American people of Peruvian descent
American people of Quechua descent
American people of Swiss-German descent
Indigenous actors of the Americas
Actresses from Hawaii
People from Greater Los Angeles
People from Honolulu County, Hawaii
American stunt performers
Hispanic and Latino American actresses
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
American

masks: Kilcher Kilcherianka Kilcher


title: Marc Gervais

texts:
<mask>, S.J., (December 3, 1929 – March 25, 2012) was a Canadian Jesuit priest, film scholar, writer, and film consultant. Biography

Early life
<mask> was the second child of <mask>, a Superior Court judge, and his wife, Sylvia Mullins. He was born on December 3, 1929, in Sherbrooke, Quebec, where he was raised. He was raised bilingual, speaking fluent English and French. His exposure to film began early in life when his grandmother, Lily Mullins, would frequently take him to the movies, despite Gervais being under the legal age of fourteen years at the time. <mask> graduated from St. Patrick's Academy Sherbrooke before attending college at Loyola in Montreal. Education and ordination
He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from the former Loyola College in Montreal in 1950.(Loyola merged with Sir George Williams University in 1974 to form Concordia University.) He entered the Jesuit order at the Stanislaus Novitiate in Guelph, Ontario, on September 7, 1950, taking his initial vows towards ordination in 1952. He then studied philosophy from Collège de l'Immaculée Conception from 1954 to 1956. <mask> taught English at the former Collège Sainte-Marie de Montréal from 1956 to 1958. he also taught drama at Loyola High School (Montreal)Loyola High School from 1957 to 1959 and English literature at St. Stanislaus in Guelph from 1958 until 1959. <mask> was sent to The Catholic University of America in Washington D.C., where he received a Master of Fine Arts in drama in 1960. He then studied theology at 403 Wellington Street in Toronto from 1960 to 1961 and completed his courses at Regis College in North York, Ontario, from 1961 to 1964. He began to develop a key interest in films studies while taking his theology courses in the early 1960s.<mask> was ordained a Catholic priest within the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) at regis College on June 16, 1963. <mask> completed his tertianship, the final formal period of formation within the Society of Jesus, from 1964 to 1965 in Saint-Martin-d'Ablois, France. He then relocated to Paris, where he studied

masks:
Marc Gervais
Gervais
Césaire Gervais
Gervais
Gervais
Gervais
Gervais
Gervais


title: Marc Gervais

texts:
 communication arts at University of Paris-Sorbonne, where he studied from 1965 to 1968. He took his final vows on February 2, 1968, at the Loyola Residence in Montreal. Film professor
<mask> began teaching film studies in the Communications Arts department, now called the Department of Communication Studies, of Loyola College in 1967, where he remained as a member of the faculty of Loyola and Concordia for thirty-five years. He automatically joined the faculty of Loyola's successor, Concordia University, when that university was formed in 1974 via the merger of Loyola and Sir George Williams University. He remained at Concordia until his retirement in 2003.<mask> simultaneously continued his studies in film, receiving a doctorate in film esthetics from Sorbonne in 1979. <mask>' film courses touched on all parts of film history and theory, He taught courses focusing on the filmography of specific film directors, including Quentin Tarantino, John Ford, and Alfred Hitchcock. Film genres taught by <mask> including musicals, French New Wave, Westerns, silent films, and Italian neorealism. For a specific course called Film Ideas, Gervais screened one movie a week at the now abandoned Empress Theatre in the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce neighborhood of Montreal. Public film screenings were held in the basement of the former Loyola Chapel, now known as the F.C. Smith Auditorium. Gervais taught hundreds of film students during his academic career.Among them are television producer John Kent Harrison, 2004 Academy Award winner Denys Arcand, Robert Wertheimer, and film producer, Kevin Tierney. His students also included several prominent Canadian journalists, including Paul Cherry, a reporter for the Montreal Gazette, and Hana Gartner, an investigative journalist with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Film festivals
<mask> attended the Cannes Film Festival in France for thirty-nine festivals, serving on numerous Cannes juries. He would send his film reviews to newspapers and other media in Montreal, where his film critiques were published. He served as the

masks: Gervais Gervais Gervais Gervais Gervais


title: Marc Gervais

texts:
 chairman of several juries for the Cannes Film Festival, as well as the Venice Film Festival and the Oxford Film Festival. Gervais notably defended Italian film director Pier Paolo Pasolini before a jury at the Venice Film Festival in 1968. In 2000, the Cannes Film Festival awarded <mask> the Cannes Festival Critics Award for attending and contributing to forty of the festivals.Writings and film consultancy
He authored several biographies on notable film directors, including a 1973 book on Pier Paolo Pasolini. He authored Ingmar Bergman: Magician and Prophet, published by McGill-Queen's University Press in 1999, which is considered a landmark study on Ingmar Bergman's work. <mask> also contributed his expertise as a film consultant on several films with Roman Catholic themes. The films include Agnes of God in 1985, The Mission in 1986, and Black Robe in 1991. Additional works
Additionally, <mask> served as a commissioner of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission from 1981 until 1986. He became the founder and founding director of the Loyola Institute for Studies in International Peace at Concordia University in 1997, for which he received the UNESCO/HAS Peace Award that same year. He was also a founding member of the Lonergan University College of Concordia in 1975.<mask> retired from Concordia University on July 31, 2003. Though a resident of Loyola College or the nearby area for most of his adult life, <mask> was a Boston Bruins fan. He remained a film consultant until 2009, when his health seriously deteriorated. In 2009, he moved to the Rene Goupil Jesuit Infirmary in Pickering, Ontario, where died from complications of dementia on March 25, 2012, at the age of 82. References

External links

1929 births
2012 deaths
Canadian Jesuits
Canadian film critics
Canadian film educators
Canadian non-fiction writers
Concordia University faculty
University of Paris alumni
Catholic University of America alumni
Loyola College (Montreal) alumni
Writers from Sherbrooke
Canadian expatriates in France
Canadian expatriates in the

masks:
Gervais
Father Gervais
Father Gervais
Gervais
Gervais


title: John Fitch (inventor)

texts:
<mask> (January 21, 1743 – July 2, 1798) was an American inventor, clockmaker, entrepreneur and engineer. He was most famous for operating the first steamboat service in the United States. The first boat, 45 feet long, was tested on the Delaware River by <mask> and his design assistant Steven Pagano. Early life
<mask> was born to <mask> and Sarah (Shaler) in Windsor, Connecticut, on January 21, 1743, on a farm that is part of present-day South Windsor, Connecticut. He received little formal schooling and eventually apprenticed himself to a clockmaker. During his apprenticeship, <mask> was not allowed to learn or even observe watchmaking (he later taught himself how to repair clocks and watches). He married Lucy Roberts on December 29, 1767.The couple had two children, a son and a daughter. In his autobiography, <mask> claimed that his wife was unhappy and argumentative and he used these reasons to explain why he abandoned his son and wife (pregnant at the time with a daughter), never to return. Following his apprenticeship in Hartford, he opened an unsuccessful brass foundry in East Windsor, Connecticut, and then a brass and silversmith business in Trenton, New Jersey, which succeeded for eight years but was destroyed by British troops during the American Revolution. He served briefly during the Revolution, mostly as a gunsmith working for the New Jersey militia. He left his unit after a dispute over a promotion, but continued his work repairing and refitting arms in Trenton. In the fall of 1777, <mask> provided beer and tobacco to the Continental Army in Philadelphia. During the following winter and spring, he provided beer, rum and other supplies to troops at Valley

masks:
John Fitch
Fitch
Fitch
Joseph Fitch
Fitch
Fitch
Fitch