title: Peter Loewenberg

texts:
 Ferenczi, vol. 2, 1914-1919, edited by Ernst Falzeder and Eva Brabant with the collaboration of Patrizia Giampieri-Deutsch under the supervision of André Haynal; transcribed by Ingeborg Meyer-Palmedo; translated by <mask>. Hoffer; introduction by Axel Hoffer (Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1996), in Psychoanalytic Books, 9:3 (1998), pp.273-280.”
 "Psychoanalytische Ich-Psychologie, Objektbeziehungstheorie und ihre Anwendbarkeit in der Geschichtswissenschaft," in Jörn Rüsen and Jürgen Straub, ed., Die dunkle Spur der Vergangenheit: Psychoanalytische Zugänge zum Geschichtsbewusstsein; Erinnerung, Geschichte, Identität”
 “Forward” to Geoffrey Cocks, Treating Mind and Body: Essays in the History of Science, Professions, and Society Under Extreme Conditions (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1998), pp. vii-xvii.”
 “Professional and Personal Insights,” Clio's Psyche, 4:2 (September 1997), 33–36.”
 “The Pagan Freud,” in Stephen Barker, ed., Excavations and Their Objects: Freud's Collection of Antiquity (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), pp. 13–32, 130–134.”
 “Psychoanalytic Ego Psychology and Object Relations and Their Uses for the Historian,” Psychohistory Review: Studies of Motivation in History and Culture, 25:1 (Fall 1996), 21–46.”
 "Germany, the Home Front: The Physical and


title: Peter Loewenberg

type: original

texts:
 Psychological Consequences of Home Front Hardship," in Hugh Cecil, ed., Facing Armageddon: The First World War Experienced (London: Leo Cooper, 1996), pp. 554–562.”
 “Decoding the Past: The Psychohistorical Approach (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983); (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985); (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1996, paperback edition with a new introduction,).”
 “Fantasy and Reality in History(New York: Oxford University Press, 1995).”
 "Spaltungen," in Ludger M. Hermanns, Hrsg., Spaltungen in der Geschichte der Psychoanalyse (Tübingen: Edition Discord, 1995), pp. 138–140.”
 "Psychoanalysis, Sexual Morality, and the Clinical Situation," in Rediscovering History: Culture, Politics, and the Psyche, Michael S. Roth, ed. (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1994), pp. 61–82.”
 ”The State, National Hatred, and its Transcendence," Clio's Psyche, Vol.I, No.3  (December, 1994), 4–7.”
 "Sigmund Freud's Psycho-Social Identity," in 100 Years of Psychoanalysis: Contributions to the History of Psychoanalysis, André Haynal and Ernst Falzeder, eds.,  special issue of Cahiers Psychiatriques Genevois (London: Karnac Books, 1994), pp. 135–150.”
 ”The Praxis of <mask>,” Clio's Psyche, 1:2 (September 1994), 5–8.”
 "The Psychological Reality of Nationalism: Between Community and Fantasy," Mind and Human Interaction, Vol. 5, No. 1


title: Peter Loewenberg

texts:
 (February 1994), 6-18.”
 “Psychoanalytic Research Training: A California Success Story,” The American Psychoanalyst, 27:2 (1993), 11–12.”
 "Die Psychodynamik des Antijudismus in historischer Perspektive," in Psyche: Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und ihre Anwendungen (Stuttgart), Vol. 46, No. 12 (December 1992), pp. 1095–1121.”
 “Translated into Portuguese in IDE: Review of the Sociedade Brasileira de Psicanalise de São Paulo (1994).”
 ”The Psychodynamics of Nationalism" in History of European Ideas, Vol.15, No. 1-3 (August 1992), 93-103.”
 ”The Pagan Freud," in Robert Wistrich, ed., Austrians and Jews in the Twentieth Century (London: Macmillan Press, Ltd., 1992), pp. 124–141.”
 "Karl Renner and the Politics of Accommodation: Moderation versus Revenge," Austrian History Yearbook, Vol. 22 (1991), 35–56.”
 "The Uses of Anxiety," Partisan Review (1991), No. 3, 514–525.”
 "Anxiety in History," Journal of Preventive Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 4: 2-3 (1990), 143–164.”
 ”The Social Psychoanalytic Contributions of Bruno Bettelheim," Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Bulletin, (Fall, 1990), pp. 30–32.”
 “A Conversation with <mask>,” The American Psychoanalyst, 24:3 (Fall 1990), 8-11.”
 "Psychoanalytic Models of History: Freud and After," in William M. Runyan, ed., Psychology and Historical Interpretation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), pp. 126–156.”
 "The End of


title: Peter Loewenberg

texts:
 Structure, Law and Demography in Past Societies, Vol. 7, No.3, (December 1992),  408-411.”
 “YosefHayim Yerushalmi, Freud’s Moses: Judaism Terminable and Interminable (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1991), in International Review of Psycho-Analysis, Vol. 19 (1992), No. 4, 509-512.”
 “The Private Life of a Nation Builder," review of Ernst Pawel, The Labyrinth of Exile: A Life of Theodor Herzl (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1989), in The New York Times Book Review (December 31, 1989), p. 9.”
 "<mask>, Freud for Historians (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), in Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 36: 3 (1988), 808-810.”
 "Einstein in His Youth," review essay of The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. I, The Early Years, 1879–1902, in Science, Vol. 239 (January 29, 1988), pp. 510–512.”
 "Mentor-protecting: The Freud-Fliess Correspondence," Times Literary Supplement (London), (February 7, 1986), pp. 145–146.”
 “Heinz Hohne, The Order of the Death's Head: The Story of Hitler's S.S., trans., Richard Barry (New York: Coward-McCann, 1970), in The Journal of Interdisciplinary History, II: 4 (Spring 1972), pp.483-488.”
 “Martin Grotjahn, The Voice of the Symbol (Los Angeles: Mara Books, 1971), in Journal of the Otto Rank Association, 7: 2 (December 1972), pp. 84-86. ”The Case of Schreber, The Intrapsychic World and Modern Child Rearing: A


title: Peter Loewenberg

texts:
 Brown and Company, 1973), in Isis, 66: 232 (June 1975), pp. 291-293.”
 “Jacques Barzun, Clio and the Doctors: Psychohistory, Quanto-History and History (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974) for CLIO: Interdisciplinary Journal of Literature, History, Philosophy of History, 5: 1 (Fall 1975), pp. 123-127.”
 “Jay Y. Gonen, A Psychohistory of Zionism (New York: Mason Charter Publishers, 1975), in History of Childhood Quarterly, 3: 2 (Fall 1975), pp.300-305.”
 “Erik H. Erikson, Life History and the Historical Moment (New York: W. W. Norton and Company, 1975), in Pacific Historical Review, 44: 4 (November 1975), pp. 555-556.”
 “Alexander and Margaret Mitscherlich, The Inability to Mourn: Principles of Collective Behavior (New York: Grove Press, 1975), in History of Childhood Quarterly (Spring 1976), pp. 617-620.”
 “Comment on Michael Selzer, "Psychohistorical Approaches to the Study of Nazism," in Journal of Psychohistory (Fall 1976), pp. 228–230.”
 “Saul Friedlander, Historie et Psychanalyse: Essai sur les Possibilites et les Limites de la Psychohistoire (Paris: Seuil, 1975), in American Historical Review, 81: 4 (October 1976), pp. 821-822.”
 “<mask>. Stachura, Nazi Youth in the Weimar Republic (Santa Barbara and Oxford: Clio Books, 1975), in Journal of Modern History, 49: 4 (December 1977), pp. 712-713, and Canadian Journal of History, 22: 3 (1976), pp. 401-


title: Peter Loewenberg

texts:
 402.”
 “Sidney M. Bolkosky, The Distorted Image: German Jewish Perceptions of Germans and Germany, 1918-1935 (New York: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1975), for History and Theory, 16: 3 (1977), pp.361-367.”
 "A New Tyranny over Youth," a review essay of John R. Gillis, Youth and History: Tradition and Change in European Age Relations 1770–Present (New York and London: Academic Press, 1975), in Reviews in European History, 3: 1 (March 1977), pp. 39–43. Bruce Mazlish, "The Revolutionary Ascetic: Revolution of a Political Type" (New York: Books 1976), in American Historical Review, 82: 2 (April 1977), pp. 336–337. "From Bismarck to Hitler," review of Gordon A. Craig, Germany: 1866-1945 (Oxford University Press, 1978), "Book World" Washington Post (January 7, 1979).”
 ”Insiders and Outsiders," Partisan Review, 44: 3 (1979), 461–470. Essay on <mask>, Freud, Jews and Other Germans: Masters and Victims in Modernist Culture, and A Confidential Matter: The Letters of Richard Strauss and Stefan Zweig, 1931–1935.”
 "The Flowering of Vienna," review of Carl E. Schorske, Fin-de-Siecle Vienna: Politics and Culture (New York: Knopf, 1981), Partisan Review, 48: 3 (1981), pp. 463–469.”
 “Albert H. Schrut, M.D., Are You Listening Doctor?: A Fictional Account of Patients in Therapy. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1980, in Bulletin of the So. Cal. Psychoanalytic Institute, 62 (Fall 1981), 36.”


title: Peter Loewenberg

texts:
 “Fred Weinstein, The Dynamics of Nazism: Leadership, Ideology, and the Holocaust (New York: Academic Press, 1980), in Psychohistory Review, 11: 1 (Fall 1982), 118-121.”
 “Donald M. Lowe, History of Bourgeois Perception (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), in American Historical Review (December 1984), 1301- 1302.”
 "Expanding History." Review of David E. Stannard, Shrinking History: On Freud and the Failure of Psychohistory (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), in Partisan Review, 51: 1 (1984), 133–137.”
 “<mask>, The Bourgeois Experience: Victoria to Freud, Volume 1, Education of the Senses (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984), in Journal of Modern History, 57: 2 (June 1985), 338-341.”
 “<mask>, Freud for Historians, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1985), in Los Angeles Times (November 3, 1985).”
 “Norbert Bromberg and Verna Volz Small, Hitler's Psychopathology (New York: International Universities Press, 1983) in International Review of Psychoanalysis, 12: 4 (1985), 483-485.”
 “Mark E. Blum, The Austro-Marxists, 1890-1918: A Psychobiographical Study (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1985), in American Historical Review, 91: 1 (February 1986), pp. 146-147.”
 “Yiannis Gabriel, Freud and Society (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983), in Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 34: 3 (1986), 741- 743.”
 “Grete Klingenstein,

masks:
Peter Gay
Peter Gay


title: Peter Loewenberg

texts:
 Heinrich Lutz, and Gerald Stourzh, eds., Biographie und Geschichtswissenschaft: Aufsatze zur Theorie und Praxis biographischer Arbeit (Vienna: Verlag fur Geschichte und Politik, 1979), in Austrian History Yearbook, Vol. XIX-XX (1983-84), Part 1, pp.263-269.”
 "Documents of Psychiatry from Antiquity to Freud: History or Antiquarianism?”, Contemporary Psychology, 15: 2 (February 1970), pp. 90–92.”
 “Kurt H. Wolff and Barrington Moore, Jr., eds., The Critical Spirit: Essay in Honor of Herbert Marcuse (Boston: Beacon Press, 1967), in Journal of Modern History, 41: 4 (December 1969), pp. 518-522.”
 “Ernst Nolte, ed., Theorien über den Faschismus ("Neue Wissenschaftlicke Bibliothek," Geschichte: Number 21), (Cologne: Verlag Kiepenbeuer & Witsch, 1967), Journal of Modern History, XLI: 3 (September 1969), pp. 368–370.”

Recent
After many works, awards and publications <mask> was asked for a self-evaluation. His response was, “In associating to what I think is worth mentioning as uniquely meritorious about my interdisciplinary work, I come up with three things:
Created, lobbied, and fought to passage the California Research Psychoanalyst Law of 1977 (California Business & Professions Code, sec. 2529-252.5), which places academic analysts under the California Medical Board to permit university faculty to acquire full psychoanalytic training and legally practice as


title: John Gildroy Grant

texts:
<mask>, VC (26 August 1889 – 25 November 1970) was a soldier in the New Zealand Military Forces during the First World War. He was a recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry "in the face of the enemy" that could be awarded at the time to British and Commonwealth forces. Born in Hāwera, <mask> was a builder when he volunteered in June 1915 to serve in the First World War with the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF). He was posted to the 1st Battalion of the Wellington Regiment which began its service on the Western Front in 1916. It was on 1 September 1918, during an engagement at Bancourt, France, that he attacked two machine-gun posts, which led to him being awarded with the VC. He ended the war as a second lieutenant. Discharged from the NZEF, he returned to civilian life and then joined the Territorial Force.In his later years, he struggled to hold down regular employment due to the effects of what was most likely post-traumatic stress disorder. He died in 1970 at the age of 81. Early life
<mask> was born on 26 August 1889 in Hāwera, a small town in the Taranaki region of New Zealand. He was one of the nine children of George and <mask>, who were both originally from Scotland. He attended Hāwera Main School and when his education was completed, he took up construction work. A volunteer fireman, he was working as a builder when he enlisted in the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) in June 1915. First World War
At the time of <mask>'s enlistment, the main contingent of the NZEF, which had formed the New Zealand and Australian Division, was engaged in the Gallipoli Campaign.After initial training, he embarked for the Middle East in October 1915 with the 7th Reinforcements. He

masks:
John Gildroy Grant
Grant
John Grant
Jane Grant
Grant


title: John Gildroy Grant

texts: joined the 1st Battalion, Wellington Regiment of the New Zealand Division, then being formed in Egypt in the aftermath of the evacuation from the Gallipoli Peninsula. It embarked for the Western Front in March 1916. <mask> served on active duty throughout 1916 and into 1917, during which time his battalion fought in a number of battles, including the Battle of Flers–Courcelette, where about a quarter of its strength became casualties. It also fought in the Battle of Messines, where it was involved in the encirclement of Messines village and captured 200 German soldiers. During its time in the battle, it suffered over 400 killed and wounded. In June 1917, he was promoted to corporal.A few months later, his battalion was one of the leading units in the Battle of Broodseinde. It missed the First Battle of Passchendaele that followed a few days afterward and avoided the heavy casualties that befell the units involved. In early 1918 he was made a sergeant. From late August to early September 1918, the New Zealand Division was engaged in the Second Battle of Bapaume, which had as its objective the town of Bapaume. On 1 September, near Bancourt, the lead elements of the 1st Battalion came under heavy fire from a series of German machine-gun posts, which threatened their advance. Despite this, <mask>'s platoon pressed on. As they neared one of the posts, <mask>, followed by another soldier, Lance Corporal Cecil Hill, broke ahead and entered the post, "demoralising" the crew, according to the London Gazette, and allowing his platoon to capture the Germans.<mask> attacked another nearby machine-gun post in similar fashion and soon his platoon, and the rest of his company, were able to put the remaining posts out of

masks: Grant Grant Grant Grant


title: John Gildroy Grant

texts:
 action. His battalion was relieved that evening. While Hill was awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal for his part in the operation of 1 September, <mask> was awarded the Victoria Cross (VC). The VC, instituted in 1856, was the highest gallantry award that could be bestowed on a soldier of the British Empire. The citation read:

Shortly afterwards, <mask> was promoted to second lieutenant and travelled to Cambridge in England for officer training in October 1918. He was wounded in early November, within days of his return to the front. Together with three other New Zealanders who had been awarded the VC, he received his medal from King George V in a ceremony at Buckingham Palace on 27 February 1919.His service with the NZEF ended with his repatriation to New Zealand later that year. His home town of Hāwera gave him a formal welcome on his return on 29 October and he was presented with an inscribed gold watch. Later life

In April 1921, <mask> successfully stood for election as a city councillor for Hawera. Later the same year, he was the best man at the wedding of Harry Laurent, another VC recipient who was also from Hawera. <mask> soon married as well, and had two children. <mask> remained involved with military life, serving in the Territorial Force until 1929, by which time he had reached the rank of lieutenant. He was discharged due to his age and also for being unable to attend camp.The same year he went to London to attend a formal dinner for VC recipients. He later worked in Paeroa but found it difficult to gain and maintain employment. By this time, his marriage had broken down and he had been made bankrupt. In 1934, his plight attracted the attention of the authorities. On investigation it was

masks: Grant Grant Grant Grant Grant


title: John Gildroy Grant

texts:
 determined it was his own erratic behaviour that was the cause of his difficulties. Undiagnosed at the time, it is thought that <mask> could have suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder. In 1937, <mask>, along with several other VC recipients, was awarded the coronation medal to commemorate the ascension of King George VI to the British throne.He attended the VC centenary event held in London in 1956 and also the VC reunion in 1968. Due to his health at the time, the latter event required public donations to pay for his flights and medical care. In his final years, <mask> became a freemason and lived at the Masonic Village in Mount Roskill in Auckland. He died on 25 November 1970 at the age of 81, and is buried in Auckland's Waikumete Cemetery. Streets in Hāwera are named for both <mask> and Laurent, in recognition of their VCs. In September 2018, statues of <mask> and Laurent were unveiled at Hāwera's Victoria Cross garden. Medals
<mask>'s VC, along with his 1914–15 Star, British War Medal, Victory Medal, and coronation medals, is alternately displayed at the QEII Army Memorial Museum in Waiouru and the Puke Ariki in New Plymouth.On 2 December 2007, it was one of nine VCs that were among a hundred medals stolen from the QEII Army Memorial Museum. On 16 February 2008, New Zealand Police announced all the medals had been recovered as a result of a NZ$300,000 reward offered by Michael Ashcroft and Tom Sturgess. Notes

Footnotes

Citations

References

External links
 (brief biography details)

New Zealand World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
1889 births
1970 deaths
New Zealand Army officers
People from Hāwera
People from Paeroa
New Zealand people of Scottish descent
Burials at Waikumete

masks: Grant Grant Grant Grant Grant Grant


title: Joseph Mitchell Parsons

texts:
<mask> "Yogi" <mask> (July 22, 1964 – October 15, 1999) was an American who was executed for the August 1987 murder of Richard Lynn Ernest. <mask> hitched a ride with Ernest in California and stabbed him to death at a remote rest area in Utah. After assuming Ernest's identity, <mask> continued to insist that he was Ernest when he was later arrested. <mask>, who called himself the "Rainbow Warrior", pleaded guilty to the murder. During his sentencing hearing, <mask> said that he killed Ernest to fend off a homosexual advance, but was unable to present any evidence to support this claim in his defense. The jury sentenced him to death. In 1999, <mask> stated that "it's time to move on" and dropped his appeals, allowing his execution to proceed.Discussion was later raised whether "Rainbow Warrior" was a reference to homosexuality or <mask>' favorite auto racing team. <mask> chose to die by lethal injection, and he shunned attention, describing himself as "Utah's forgotten inmate". His 1999 execution at Utah State Prison was the first to be carried out in a new chamber designed for both lethal injections and firing squads. Background
<mask> <mask> was born on July 22, 1964 to <mask> and <mask> in New York City. For the first five years of <mask>'s life, his father was incarcerated. His parents worked odd jobs from sewing fuzzy dice to construction. <mask>'s half-sister Dinah said that his father beat him frequently until he wet himself.After <mask> left the family, Marie took <mask> and Dinah to Florida, where Marie met and married Lawrence Gordon. Dinah met a drug dealer nicknamed Yogi, who <mask> admired. <mask> later adopted the nickname and had "Yogi" tattooed onto his right arm. After a year in Florida, <mask> was caught stealing cash from an apartment management office. He ended up with three burglary convictions during his four years in the state as a minor. He graduated from high school with a C

masks:
Joseph Mitchell
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Joseph Mitchell
Parsons
Joseph Michael
Marie Parsons
Mitchell
Joseph Mitchell
Joseph Michael
Joseph Mitchell
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons


title: Joseph Mitchell Parsons

texts:
 average and sold shoes in a shopping mall. When <mask>' stepfather refused to buy him a motorcycle, <mask> took one for a test drive from a dealer in Fort Lauderdale and did not return.He went to New Jersey to see his biological father, but was rebuffed. <mask>' sister-in-law Theresa Gomez said, "He rejected him ... Who knows what went through his mind?" <mask> then rode the motorcycle west to Las Vegas, Nevada. Imprisonment in Nevada

On the night of October 16 to 17, 1982, <mask> met David Wood in Las Vegas and they took a cab to the Strip in search of marijuana. Near the destination, <mask> pointed a .22-caliber revolver at the driver's neck to rob him. After stealing the driver's taxi, the two were caught in an alley and placed under citizen's arrest by Charles Conant and his brother-in-law Ronald Maske, who were both armed with guns. During trial, <mask> characterized himself as an orphan who stayed out of trouble and testified against Wood.The court did not have access to <mask>' juvenile record, and was unaware of his parents on the East Coast. <mask> later stated that he provided false testimony against Wood in a plea bargain for a lighter sentence. Wood was convicted and spent 13 years in prison. No visitors came to see <mask> during his five years at Nevada State Prison. In August 1987, <mask> was paroled to a halfway house in Reno. He walked out of the facility before his release date and fled on a stolen motorcycle. Death of Richard Ernest

On August 30, 1987, <mask> was hitchhiking along Interstate 15 near Barstow, California.He was picked up by 30-year-old Richard Lynn Ernest, a concrete laborer from Loma Linda, California on his way to a construction job in Denver, Colorado. Ernest did not know that <mask> was a fugitive. At about 3 a.m. on August 31, Ernest was too tired to drive and stopped at the Lunt Park rest area near Cedar City, Utah to get some sleep. <mask> stabbed Ernest to

masks: Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons


title: Joseph Mitchell Parsons

texts: death and drove off in his blue Dodge Omni. At about 5 a.m., <mask> stopped at a Texaco service station 23 miles to the north. He was wearing Ernest's clothes and had assumed his identity. <mask> told the station attendant he needed to hose out red construction paint from the car's interior and offered to give him Ernest's construction tools.The attendant said that he observed <mask> throwing away clothing, books, posters and carpentry tools into a dumpster. <mask> asked the attendant about the distance to Denver and spoke of Ernest's 9-year-old son as his own. He purchased cigarettes and food with Ernest's MasterCard credit card before leaving. At 7:23 a.m., <mask> used the credit card to check into a Quality Inn at Richfield, Utah. He used the card again at about 10 a.m. to purchase seat covers and floor mats from Kmart to cover up the blood stains in the car. A clerk called the Richfield Police Department after <mask> attempted to purchase $300 worth of items at 12:34 p.m. and the credit card was found to be over its limit. The attendant back at the Texaco station called the Beaver County Sheriff's Office after discovering bloody items in the dumpster.Deputy Raymond Goodwin found Ernest's bank statement and <mask>' bloody clothes in the dumpster. After calling Ernest's wife Beverley, the officers concluded that the person who visited the service station was not Richard Ernest. At about 4:25 p.m. on August 31, a Utah Highway Patrol officer found <mask> sleeping in Ernest's car at the Red Creek rest area on Interstate 70, west of Salina, Utah. When <mask> was brought into the Richfield police station where the bloody clothes were gathered, he continued to insist that he was Ernest. When officers asked for his street address, <mask> asked for a lawyer. Sheriff Kenneth Yardley recalled that <mask> asked if he could keep his book to read. On September 1, 1987, Ernest's body was discovered underneath

masks: Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons


title: Joseph Mitchell Parsons

texts:
 a sleeping bag dumped on the east side of Interstate 15, about a mile north of the rest area where he had been killed.He had been stabbed nine times, including in the heart and throat. Trial and sentencing
Iron County prosecutor Scott Burns stated that he had witnesses from three different states and crime scenes in three different counties. While awaiting trial in the county jail, <mask> became afflicted with a severe case of crab lice. Lieutenant Matt Yengich told investigators that <mask> likely contracted the lice from "some type of homosexual interaction". During a court hearing for the murder, <mask> said, "Why are we doing this? I did it and everyone knows I did it." He pleaded guilty to motor vehicle theft, aggravated robbery and first-degree murder on September 18, 1987.<mask>' sentence was decided by a jury. <mask> said that he was defending himself with a four-inch knife when Ernest grabbed his leg and thought that Ernest's multiple wounds were "superficial." <mask> was unable to present evidence to corroborate his claim of a sexual advance by Ernest. Ernest's family and friends stated in court that Ernest was not gay or bisexual. Prosecution witnesses testified of <mask>' homosexual activity in jail. According to forensic psychiatrist David Tomb from the University of Utah, the descriptions of <mask>' sexual history indicated that he "may have been the one initiating the contact and became angry when [Ernest] turned him down." A medical examiner testified that Ernest appeared to have been stabbed while sleeping and was unable to defend himself.On February 18, 1988, a jury of six men and six women sentenced <mask> to death. He was sent to Utah State Prison. Appeals

<mask> filed an appeal disputing the constitutionality of his first-degree murder conviction with the Utah Supreme Court. His attorney argued that <mask> had already been convicted of another charge for the crime, making his


title: Joseph Mitchell Parsons

texts:
 murder conviction a violation of double jeopardy. On October 16, 1989, the court unanimously upheld the conviction and rejected his appeal on the grounds that <mask> should have raised that objection before he waived his right to a trial with his guilty plea. On March 5, 1990, District Judge J. Philip Eves rejected <mask>' complaint that he was denied his right to legal counsel while in prison and set his execution date for April 30, 1990. A new team of attorneys, which included Gregory Sanders and Ronald Yengich of the Rocky Mountain Defense Fund, took up <mask>' appeal that he had ineffective counsel during his trial.On January 12, 1994, the Utah Supreme Court rejected <mask>' petition for a writ of habeas corpus. On July 6, 1999, <mask> abandoned a federal appeal of his sentence to the U.S. 10th Circuit Court of Appeals, stating that he preferred execution than waiting for years on death row. He complained that he was bored in prison, which he called "torture, plain and simple." The last visit <mask> had received was two hours with his mother in 1996. On August 16, 1999, District Judge Philip Eves signed a death warrant and scheduled <mask>' execution for October 15. Execution

<mask> submitted a last request to walk under the stars, play basketball, and watch science-fiction films to prison warden Hank Galetka. <mask> also asked for his remains to be cremated and turned over to his family.Prison spokesperson Jack Ford said that the requests would be granted, but that <mask> would only be allowed to shoot some hoops in a fenced recreation area instead of a game of basketball in the prison gymnasium. The authorities were concerned that an injury could delay the execution. <mask> was permitted to walk outdoors at night to the place of execution. On the evening before his execution, <mask> watched The Mummy and was visited in his death watch cell by his brother and his cousin. They shared his last

masks: Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons


title: Joseph Mitchell Parsons

texts:
 meal of Burger King hamburgers, French fries, milkshakes, root beer, and chocolate chip ice cream. <mask>' attorney said he believed his client chose this meal because the Burger King slogan "Have it your way" was a reflection of him taking control of his life. After playing a game of Uno, he asked for the score of the 1999 American League Championship Series game.<mask> was permitted to call his mother Marie Gordon Rivera in Florida and his sister. <mask> would become the first inmate to be executed in a new chamber that was built in 1998 at Utah State Prison for use in either firing squads or lethal injections. Two people, whose identities were withheld, were selected to administer individual injections, of which only one was lethal so that neither would know with certainty who executed the prisoner. The prison selected among paramedics or nurses because the American Medical Association prohibits licensed physicians from participating in executions. A mild sedative was delivered intravenously to calm <mask> before the deadly drugs were administered. At 12:10 a.m. on October 15, 1999, <mask> was executed by lethal injection. Seven minutes later, a physician checked <mask>' stopped heartbeat with a stethoscope and pronounced him dead at 12:18 a.m. <mask>' last words were: "Love to my family and friends.And Woody, the rainbow warrior rules. Thank you." <mask> had mentioned to attorney Greg Sanders a hatred of homosexuals, and after the execution, prison spokesperson Jack Ford said that "rainbow" may have been a homosexual reference to the victim. Fellow inmate Doug "Woody" Lovell stated "Rainbow Warrior" was instead referring to the colorful racing car of NASCAR champion Jeff Gordon. Public reaction
Although <mask> requested that no one protest his death, the American Civil Liberties Union of Utah planned to organize a candlelight vigil in opposition to the execution. A group of around 50 people

masks: Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons Parsons


title: Joseph Mitchell Parsons

texts:
 gathered outside the prison, mostly criminal justice students from Weber State University. Unlike the previous execution of John Albert Taylor in 1996 (or Ronnie Lee Gardner that would follow in 2010), <mask>' execution attracted little media attention, with representatives from only 12 news organizations.Spokesperson Jack Ford called the level of interest virtually "nonexistent". Deputy attorney general Reed Richards presumed that the media apathy was a result of <mask>' choice of lethal injection, which was more broadly adopted in the United States than execution by firing squad, which was unique to Utah. <mask>' court-appointed attorney Greg Sanders said that his client called himself "Utah's forgotten inmate". Ernest's widow Beverley, who attended the execution, said that she was grateful for the lack of media scrutiny. Ernest's brother-in-law Jonathan Woods stated, "The world is less for having lost Richard. I hope, for <mask>' sake, the world will be less for having lost him, but that is not how I feel." See also

Capital punishment in Utah
Capital punishment in the United States
Gay panic defense
List of people executed in Utah

References

External links
Complete text of <mask>' final letter at Deseret News
<mask> <mask> v. M. Eldon Barnes, warden – Utah Supreme Court (April 18, 1994)
<mask> <mask> v. Hank Galetka, warden – Utah Supreme Court (July 15, 1999)
<mask> <mask> v. Hank Galetka, warden – Utah Supreme Court (July 29, 1999)
<mask> at KSL-TV

1964 births
1999 deaths
20th-century executions by Utah
American people convicted of murder
American robbers
People convicted of murder by Utah
American people convicted of theft
Executed people from New York (state)
People executed by Utah by lethal injection
People executed for murder
Criminals from New York City
20th-century executions of American people
1987 murders in the United States
Violence against gay men
Violence against men in North

masks:
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Parsons
Joseph Mitchell
Parsons
Joseph Mitchell
Parsons
Joseph Mitchell
Parsons
Joseph Parsons


title: Maurice White

texts:
<mask> (December 19, 1941 – February 4, 2016) was an American singer, musician, songwriter, and record producer. He was best known as the founder, leader, main songwriter, and producer of the band Earth, Wind & Fire, and served as the band's co-lead singer with Philip Bailey. Described as a "visionary" by Vibe and a "mastermind" by Variety, <mask> was nominated for a total of 22 Grammys, of which he won seven. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame as a member of Earth, Wind & Fire, and was also inducted individually into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He additionally worked with artists such as Deniece Williams, Cher, The Emotions, Barbra Streisand, Ramsey Lewis, and Neil Diamond. Biography

Early career
<mask> was born in Memphis, Tennessee, on December 19, 1941. He grew up in South Memphis, where he lived with his grandmother in the Foote Homes Projects and was a childhood friend of Booker T Jones and David Porter.Along with Jones, <mask> formed a "cookin' little band" while attending Booker T. Washington High School. He also made frequent trips to Chicago to visit his mother, Edna, and stepfather, Verdine Adams, who was a doctor and occasional saxophonist. During his teenage years, <mask> moved to Chicago where he studied at the Chicago Conservatory of Music, and played drums in local nightclubs. In 1962 he joined The Jazzmen, a student jazz trio at Crane Junior College in Chicago, Illinois formed by
Louis Satterfield on trombone, Charles Handy on trumpet, and Don Myrick on alto saxophone. The Jazzmen later became the Pharaohs. Satterfield, <mask>, and Handy

masks:
Maurice White
White
White
White
White
White


title: Maurice White

texts: became studio musicians at Chess Records in Chicago. While at Chess, he played on the records of artists such as Etta James, Chuck Berry, Rotary Connection, Junior Wells, Sonny Stitt, Muddy Waters, the Impressions, the Dells, Betty Everett, Willie Dixon, Sugar Pie DeSanto and Buddy Guy.<mask> also played the drums on Fontella Bass's "Rescue Me" (with Satterfield on bass), Billy Stewart's "Summertime" and Jackie Wilson's (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher. In June 1966, he left Chess and the Pharaohs to join the Ramsey Lewis Trio, replacing Isaac "Red" Holt as the group's drummer. Holt and bassist Eldee Young left to form Young-Holt Unlimited. Young was also replaced by Cleveland Eaton. As a member of the Trio, <mask> played on several of their albums. One of these was 1966's Wade in the Water. The album track "Hold It Right There" went on to win a Grammy Award for Best Rhythm & Blues Group Performance, Vocal or Group .With the Trio <mask> also played on 1966's The Movie Album and 1967's Goin' Latin. He also performed on The Trio's 1968 LPs Dancing in the Street, Up Pops Ramsey Lewis, Mother Nature's Son and Maiden Voyage. While in the group <mask> was introduced in a Chicago drum store to the African thumb piano or kalimba. The track "Uhuru" on the Trio's 1969 LP Another Voyage featured the first recording of <mask> playing the kalimba. In 1969, <mask> left the Trio and joined his two friends, Wade Flemons and <mask>, to form a songwriting team who wrote songs for commercials in the Chicago area. The three friends got a recording contract with Capitol Records and called themselves the Salty

masks:
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Maurice
White
White
White
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Don Whitehead


title: Maurice White

texts:
 Peppers. They had a moderate hit in the Midwest area with their single "La La Time", but their second single, "Uh Huh Yeah", was not as successful.<mask> then moved from Chicago to Los Angeles, and altered the name of the band to Earth, Wind & Fire, the band's new name reflecting the elements in his astrological chart. Earth, Wind & Fire

With <mask> as the bandleader and producer of most of the band's albums, EWF earned legendary status winning six Grammy Awards out of 17 nominations,  a star on the Hollywood Boulevard Walk of Fame, and four American Music Awards. The group's albums have sold over 90 million copies worldwide. Other honors bestowed on <mask> as a member of the band included inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, the Vocal Group Hall of Fame, The Songwriters Hall of Fame and The NAACP Image Awards Hall of Fame. <mask> brought the kalimba into mainstream use by incorporating its sound into the music of Earth, Wind & Fire. He was also responsible for expanding the group to include a full horn section at first being the Phenix Horns and then the Earth, Wind & Fire Horns. During 1994 <mask> stopped regularly touring with the band but still occasionally appeared on stage.He retained executive control of the band and was still very active in the music business, producing and recording with the band and other artists. A website entitled www.Startalk.org was also set up in 1999 in honour of <mask>. <mask> later spoke of an ongoing affliction with Parkinson's disease. Artists such as Steven Tyler of Aerosmith, Boyz II Men, Smokey Robinson, Isaac Hayes, Michael Jackson, Eric Clapton and Tom

masks: White Maurice Maurice White Maurice Maurice Maurice


title: Maurice White

texts:
 Morello of Rage Against the Machine posted messages upon the site for <mask>. With EWF he appeared at several events such as the 2004 Grammy Awards Tribute to Funk. He also performed alongside Alicia Keys at Clive Davis's 2004 pre-Grammy awards party where they performed the band's 1978 hit "September". Deniece Williams

<mask> was co-producing with Charles Stepney, Deniece Williams' debut album This Is Niecy when Stepney died during the album's recording.Williams was a former backup vocalist for Stevie Wonder's band Wonderlove. The album was the first for Kalimba Productions, a production company also established by <mask> and Stepney in 1976. As such <mask> went on to mostly produce the LP which was eventually released in August 1976 on Columbia Records. This Is Niecy rose to No. 3 on the US Billboard Top Soul Albums and No. 33 on the US Billboard 200 charts. A song off the LP called "Free" got to No.25 on the US Billboard Hot 100, No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart and No. 1 on the UK Pop Singles chart. This Is Niecy has also been certified Gold in the US by the RIAA and Silver in the UK by the BPI. <mask> went on to also produce Williams' sophomore album Songbird, released in 1977. The album rose to No. 23 on the US Billboard Top Soul Albums chart and No.5 on the UK Blues & Soul Top British Soul Albums chart. A single entitled "Baby, Baby My Love's All for You" got to No. 13 on the US Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart, No. 5 on the UK Blues & Soul Top British Soul Singles chart and No. 32 on the UK Pop Singles chart. Williams later issued 1978's That's What Friends Are For on Columbia for Kalimba

masks: White White White Maurice Maurice


title: Maurice White

texts:
 Productions. She then released 1979's When Love Comes Calling on ARC Records, <mask>'s vanity label on Columbia.He also featured as a guest artist on the LP. The album peaked at No. 27 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart. The single, "I've Got the Next Dance", also reached No. 1 on the Billboard Dance Club Play chart. Williams also issued 1981's My Melody and 1982's Niecy on ARC Records. In a 2007 interview Deniece said: "I loved working with <mask> ... he taught me the business of music, and planning and executing a plan and executing a show."The Emotions

After Stax Records became embroiled in financial problems, the girl group the Emotions looked for a new contract and found one with Columbia Records. With Charles Stepney co-producing with <mask>, their third studio album entitled Flowers was issued in 1976. The album got to No. 5 on the Billboard Top Soul albums chart. Flowers has also been certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. The album's "title track" got to No. 16 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart.Another single being "I Don't Wanna Lose Your Love" got to Nos. 4 & 13 on the Billboard Dance Club Songs and Hot Soul Songs charts respectively. Following Charles Stepney's death in 1976, <mask> took over producing the Emotions. During 1977 the group issued their follow up album entitled Rejoice The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart and No. 7 on the Billboard 200 chart. Rejoice has also been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA.With the LP came the single  "Don't Ask My Neighbors" which got to the top ten on the Billboard R&B singles charts. Another song called "Best of My

masks:
Maurice
Maurice White
White
White


title: Maurice White

texts: Love" reached No. 1 on the Billboard Pop and R&B charts. "Best of My Love" won a Grammy for Best R&B Performance By a Duo or Group with Vocals, and an American Music Award for Favorite Soul/R&B Single. Best of My Love has also been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA. The Emotions went on to issue in 1978 their third Columbia album, Sunbeam. The album rose to No.12 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart and No. 40 on the Billboard 200 chart. An album cut called Smile reached No. 6 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart. Sunbeam has been certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. The Emotions also received an American Music Award nomination in 1978 for Favorite Soul/R&B Band, Duo or Group. During 1979 Earth, Wind & Fire collaborated with the Emotions on the single "Boogie Wonderland".The song reached No. 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and No. 2 on the Billboard Hot Soul Songs chart. Boogie Wonderland has also been certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. <mask> produced the girl group's 1979 LP Come into Our World which was released on his own Columbia imprint ARC Records. The album rose to No. 35 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart.A song from the LP called What's the Name of Your Love? also rose to No. 30 in the Billboard Hot R&B Songs chart. <mask> went on to be Grammy nominated in the category of Producer of the Year Non-Classical. The Emotions went on to guest upon Earth, Wind & Fire's 2003 single "All in the Way". All in the Way rose to No. 13 on the Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart and No.25 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Songs chart. This track featured upon EWF's 2003 album The Promise which was

masks: White White


title: Maurice White

texts:
 also produced by <mask>. Work with other artists

<mask> also worked with several other famous recording artists. As such he played the drums on former Rotary Connection lead singer Minnie Riperton's 1970 debut album, Come to My Garden. <mask> went on to produce Ramsey Lewis' 1974 album Sun Goddess. The album reached No. 1 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart and No.12 on the Billboard Top Pop Albums chart. Sun Goddess has also been certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. He also produced with Charles Stepney Lewis' 1976 LP Salongo. The album rose to Nos. 7 on the Billboard Jazz Albums & No. 17 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums charts. <mask> composed on Eumir Deodato's 1978 studio album Love Island.The album got to No. 20 on the Billboard Jazz Albums charts. <mask> later served as the executive producer of the  R&B band Pockets's album Take It On Up released in 1978 on Columbia. That album reached no. 22 on the Billboard Top R&B Albums chart. He then guested with Deniece Williams on Weather Report's 1978 album Mr. Gone. The album was issued on ARC Records, his vanity label at Columbia.Mr. Gone rose to No. 1 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. Weather Report's follow up LPs 8:30, Night Passage and Weather Report were also issued on ARC. <mask> went on to collaborate with Ramsey Lewis on his 1980 LP Routes and gospel artist Walter Hawkins on his 1980 Grammy nominated album The Hawkins Family. Additionally he composed on Barry Manilow's 1980 album Barry. That album was certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA He also appeared as a guest artist on the Tubes 1983 album Outside Inside. <mask> later produced Jennifer

masks:
Maurice White
White
White
White
White
White
White


title: Maurice White

texts: Holliday's Grammy nominated 1983 LP Feel My Soul.<mask> produced Barbra Streisand on her 1984 album Emotion. Emotion has been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA. He also produced Ramsey Lewis on his 1985 album Fantasy. The album reached No. 13 on the Cashbox Jazz Albums chart. He went on to appear as a guest artist on Lee Ritenour's Grammy nominated 1986 album Earth Run. <mask> later co-produced Pieces of a Dream's 1986 LP Joyride.The album reached No. 3 on the Billboard Traditional Jazz Albums chart and No. 18 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart. <mask> also produced Neil Diamond on his 1986 album Headed for the Future. Headed for the Future has been certified Gold in the US by the RIAA. He worked as a producer with Atlantic Starr on the band's 1987 LP All in the Name of Love. The album has been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA.He then made a guest appearance on Cher's 1987 self-titled LP. The album has been certified Platinum in the US by the RIAA. As well he played percussion and coproduced Ramsey Lewis's 1987 album Keys to the City. That album got to No. 22 on the Billboard Top Contemporary Jazz Albums chart. <mask> also produced El DeBarge on his 1992 LP In The Storm. The album got to No.22 on the Blues & Soul Top UK Soul Albums chart. <mask> collaborated with the Japanese band Dreams Come True on two songs: "Wherever You Are" from their 1994 album "Delicious," and "Eternity," which appeared on the soundtrack for the 1994 animated film The Swan Princess. As well he produced Ramsey Lewis's 1993 album Sky Islands. The album rose to No. 4 on the Billboard Contemporary Jazz Albums chart and

masks: White White White White White


title: Maurice White

texts: No. 6 on the Billboard Top Jazz Albums chart. He also appeared on Marcus Miller's 1993 album The Sun Don't Lie.The album rose to No. 10 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. <mask> went on to produce the debut album of the jazz group Urban Knights released in 1995 by GRP Records. Urban Knights I featured Ramsey Lewis,  percussionist Omar Hakim, trumpeter Freddie Hubbard, The Emotions and saxophonist Grover Washington, Jr. The album rose to No. 5 on the Billboard Jazz Albums charts. Within that year he also appeared upon British soul group D'Influence's single Midnite.The song reached No. 17 on the UK R&B Singles chart. During 1996 <mask> also established his own record label entitled Kalimba Records. The Urban Knight's sophomore album Urban Knights II was again produced by <mask>. Urban Knights II featured appearances by Ramsey Lewis, Paulinho Da Costa, Verdine <mask>, singer-songwriter and guitarist Jonathan Butler and jazz saxophonist Najee. The album got to No. 7 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart.<mask> also arranged for the British girl group Cleopatra on their 1998 album Comin' Atcha!. Comin' Atcha peaked at number 20 on the UK albums chart and was certified Silver in the UK by the BPI. <mask> also executively produced saxophonist Paul Taylor's 2000 LP Undercover. The album got to No. 6 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart. He also featured as a guest artist on Jazz saxophonist Kirk Whalum's 2003 album Into My Soul. As well <mask> guested with French jazz band Nojazz on the tracks "Nobody Else" and "Kool" off their 2006 album Have Fun."Kool" marked the first time <mask> collaborated with his friend Stevie

masks: White White Maurice White White White White White


title: Maurice White

texts:
 Wonder. <mask> served as the executive producer of an EWF tribute album entitled Interpretations: Celebrating The Music Of Earth, Wind & Fire which was released in March 2007 by Stax Records. The album rose to no. 28 on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. On the LP were featured artists such as Chaka Khan, Musiq Soulchild, Mint Condition, Kirk Franklin and Angie Stone. Kirk Franklin's cover of September reached No. 17 on the Billboard Adult R&B Songs chart and No.26 on the Billboard Hot Gospel Songs chart. As well Dwele's remake of "That's The Way Of The World" and Meshell Ndegeocello's cover of "Fantasy" were both Grammy nominated for Best Urban/Alternative Performance. <mask> executively produced jazz musician Brian Culbertson's album Bringing Back The Funk which was released in 2008 on GRP Records. Bringing Back the Funk rose to No. 3 on the Billboard Jazz Albums chart and No. 18 on the Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums chart. The album featured guest artistes such as Ray Parker Jr., Sheldon Reynolds, Bootsy Collins, Larry Graham, Ledisi, Ronnie Laws, Musiq Soulchild, Bernie Worrell, Maceo Parker, Larry Dunn and Gerald Albright.A song from the album called Always Remember got to No. 1 on the Billboard Smooth Jazz Songs chart. Culbertson revealed in an interview that he is "...still in disbelief. I have learned so much from (<mask>) and he actually said that he learned a lot from me. It was incredible to work with him." Solo work

During 1985, <mask> released a self titled solo album on Columbia. Robin Denselow of The Guardian called the album a "lush collection of self produced dance tracks, and the occasional

masks: White White Maurice White


title: Maurice White

texts:
 ballad, with synths and drum programming immaculately in place, and the vocals as classy as ever".J.D. Considine of Musician also said the "Given his status as Earth, Wind & Fire's Shining Star, it comes as no surprise that <mask>'s first solo project sounds a lot like classic EW&F: tight, focused and punchy. But while <mask> remembers to sink a hook into every verse and chorus, the emphasis here is on subtlety and sophistication as he works his way from R&B basics, from the studio mechanics of 'Switch on Your Radio' to the modified doo wop of 'Stand By Me', with a sense of craft that makes slickness irrelevant". The album rose to number 12 on the Billboard Top Soul Albums chart. Appearing upon the LP was a cover of Ben E. King's "Stand by Me", with a guest appearance by jazz saxophonist Gerald Albright. <mask>'s version of "Stand by Me" got to No. 6 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles and No.11 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Songs chart. Another song from the album called "I Need You" rose to No. 20 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary Songs chart and No. 30 on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart. In 2019, an album of previously unreleased recordings, titled Manifestation, was released. This album consists of selected tracks worked on by <mask> and songwriter/producer Preston Glass over a period of nearly 30 years. Screen and stage
<mask> wrote and produced songs for the feature films Coming to America, A Low Down Dirty Shame, and Gatchaman OVA.He also composed music for the television series Life Is Wild. During 2006 he worked with Gregory Hines' brother, <mask> upon the Broadway play Hot Feet. <mask> and

masks: White White White White White Maurice White


title: Maurice White

texts:
 Allee Willis also wrote several new songs for the play. In the movie BAADASSSSS!, the actor Khalil Kain portrayed a young <mask> leading the early incarnation of Earth, Wind & Fire. Released at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival, the film was based on Melvin Van Peebles' struggles to film and distribute the movie Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song. His son, Mario Van Peebles both directed the film and portrayed his father in the lead role. <mask> also won an ASCAP Award as a composer of, "That's The Way Of The World", with it being a theme song of the sitcom Hearts Afire.Personal life
<mask> was a married father of three children: one daughter, Hemeya, and two sons, Kahbran and Eden. He owned two homes in California, one in Carmel Valley and the other a four-level condominium in Los Angeles. He was a fan of basketball and tennis. He went by the nickname of "Reese". His younger half-brother, Verdine <mask>, an original member of Earth, Wind & Fire, still tours with the band as its bassist and a backing vocalist. Additionally, their brother Fred joined the band in 1974, when the band recorded "Devotion". Death
On the morning of February 4, 2016, <mask> died in his sleep at his Los Angeles home from the effects of Parkinson's disease.He was 74 years old. His brother Verdine said, "My brother, hero and best friend <mask> passed away peacefully last night in his sleep. While the world has lost another great musician and legend, our family asks that our privacy is respected as we start what will be a very difficult and life-changing transition in our lives. Thank you for your prayers and well-wishes." Legacy
Along with

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White
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Maurice White


title: Maurice White

texts:
 EW&F, <mask> was posthumously bestowed with a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at the annual Grammy Awards ceremony on February 15, 2016, at the Staples Center, Los Angeles, California. At the ceremony Stevie Wonder and Pentatonix performed a rendition of That's the Way of the World in tribute to <mask>. Artists such as Stokley Williams, Richard Marx, Raphael Saadiq, Larry Blackmon, and Nate Dogg have also named <mask> as an influence.Awards and honors

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States. <mask> received seven Grammys from 22 nominations. |-
|rowspan="2"|1976
||Earth, Wind & Fire
|Best Instrumental Composition
|
|-
||Best of My Love
|Best Rhythm & Blues Song
|
|-
|rowspan="2"|1978
||Got to Get You into My Life
|Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)
|
|-
||Fantasy
|Best R&B Song
|
|-
||1979
||<mask>
|Producer of the Year
|

Other awards
Four American Music Awards. The BET Lifetime Achievement Award
An ASCAP Rhythm And Soul Award
An ASCAP Pop Music Award
Three NAACP Image Awards
An ASCAP Rhythm and Soul Heritage Award
A Lifetime Achievement Award from the Jazz Foundation of America. Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame
A Star on the Hollywood Walk Of Fame
On May 16, 2005, <mask> was honored by Los Angeles Valley College as the first recipient of their Cultural Achievement Award Of Excellence. On May 10, 2008, <mask> and Philip Bailey received honorary doctorates from the Berklee College of Music. On May 20, 2008, <mask>, Phillip Bailey, Ralph Johnson

masks:
Maurice White
White
White
White
Maurice White
Maurice
Maurice White
Maurice


title: Maurice White

texts:
 and Verdine <mask> received honorary doctorates from Columbia College of Chicago.Autobiography
On September 13, 2016, <mask>'s autobiography, <mask>: My Life With Earth, Wind & Fire, by <mask> and Herb Powell, was released, including a foreword by Steve Harvey and an afterword by David Foster. See also
Albums produced by <mask>

References

External links

Kalimba Entertainment
Kalimba Music
Official Earth, Wind & Fire Website

1941 births
2016 deaths
African-American record producers
African-American male singer-songwriters
American bandleaders
American funk drummers
American funk singers
American jazz drummers
American male pop singers
American music arrangers
American baritones
American soul singers
Neurological disease deaths in California
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Earth, Wind & Fire members
Grammy Award winners
Musicians from Memphis, Tennessee
People from Carmel Valley Village, California
Record producers from California
Record producers from Tennessee
Rhythm and blues drummers
Singer-songwriters from Tennessee
Soul drummers
Tennessee State University alumni
American male jazz musicians
The Pharaohs members
Jazz musicians from California
20th-century African-American male singers
Singer-songwriters from

masks:
White
White
Maurice White
Maurice White
Maurice White


title: Giuseppe Sannino

texts:
<mask> "Beppe" <mask> (born 30 April 1957) is an Italian professional football manager and former player. Playing career
Born in Campania, Sannino relocated to Turin with his family after his father was hired by the Fiat automobile company in Turin. In his career, Sannino played as a creative attacking midfielder for several minor league teams, with Serie C2 club Vogherese being the one he became most associated with. Sannino retired from active football in 1988, after a lone season with Ligurian amateur club Entella. Coaching career

Lower leagues in Italy
Sannino entered into a coaching career in 1990, as responsible of the Allievi (under-17) team at Vogherese. In 1992, he became youth coach at Pavia, and one year later he worked with the same role at Monza. In 1996, he took his first head coaching experience at amateur Eccellenza club Oltrepò, ending the season in sixth place.After a short stint as youth coach at Como, in 1998 Sannino took his first head coaching role in a professional league at Serie C2 club Biellese: this experience however turned out to be disappointing, as he was dismissed before the end of the season. In 1999, he took charge of Serie D club F.C. Südtirol, leading them to first place in the league, and then keeping the club in Serie C2 the following season. In 2001–02 he managed Meda, another Serie C2 club, but was dismissed again before the end of the season. In 2002–03, he then led Sangiovannese to sixth place in Serie C2. Two other unsuccessful stints followed with Varese and Cosenza F.C., but both ended with him being fired. In 2005, he took the reins of Lecco, guiding the small Lombardian

masks: Giuseppe Sannino


title: Giuseppe Sannino

texts:
 team to a surprise promotion to Serie C1 in his second season in charge of the club.This was followed by three more consecutive promotions: the first at Pergocrema (from Serie C2 to Serie C1), and the other two at Varese, where he was appointed by Sean Sogliano during the season and successfully guided the club from Serie C2 to Serie B. In his first season in Serie B, Sannino led Varese to a remarkable fourth place and a spot in the promotion playoffs, but lost to Padova in the semi-finals. Serie A and moving abroad
In June 2011, <mask> signed a two-year contract as head coach of newly promoted Serie A club Siena, taking over from departing boss Antonio Conte who was signed by Italian giants Juventus. The aim for the small Tuscan club was to escape relegation in what was going to be <mask>'s first experience in charge of a top flight club. In the 2011–12 season, Sannino managed to keep Siena safely out of the relegation zone, and also led the club to the Coppa Italia semifinals, then lost to eventual winners Napoli. On 6 June 2012, <mask> signed a two-year contract as head coach of Palermo, only a few weeks after Siena director of football Giorgio Perinetti made the same move to Sicily. His short-lived experience with the Sicilians ended on 16 September 2012, when club chairman Maurizio Zamparini decided to remove him from first team duties after achieving only one point in the first three Serie A games; he was replaced by Gian Piero Gasperini.He was rehired on 11 March 2013. Despite an impressive string of results with a particularly difficult calendar (including wins against Inter and Roma), however, he failed to keep

masks: Sannino Sannino Sannino


title: Giuseppe Sannino

texts:
 Palermo in the top flight. He was appointed as Chievo coach on 1 July. However, he was sacked on 11 November. On 18 December 2013, he was confirmed as new head coach of Watford. On 15 March 2014, Sannino led Watford to a club record sixth consecutive home win in all competitions without conceding, with a 3–0 win against Barnsley. Despite winning four of the first five league games of the 2014–15 season, and with Watford second in the table, his future was subject to speculation following rumours of dressing-room unrest and some players disliking his management style.<mask> resigned on 31 August, his last game in charge being their 4-2 home win against Huddersfield Town the day before. Later career
On 14 September 2014, <mask> returned into management, taking over as new head coach of Serie B club Catania. His period as Catania boss, however, lasted only three months, as he resigned on 19 December following a string a poor results and strained relationship with the club's board. On 29 September 2015, he was appointed manager of newly promoted Serie A side Carpi. On 3 November, it was announced that he had been relieved of his duties and he was replaced by Fabrizio Castori - the man he had initially replaced - as first team coach

He was successively appointed new head coach of Serie B club Salernitana for the 2016–17 season, but resigned from his position on 30 November 2016 after having criticised the attitude of the club's supporters following a league home draw to Pro Vercelli. <mask> successively served as head coach of Triestina for the club's 2017–18 Serie C campaign, a job he left in February 2018 due to


title: Giuseppe Sannino

texts:
 disagreements with the board, with his assistant Nicola Princivalli taking over from him. On 22 October 2018 he was named new head coach of Greek Superleague club Levadiakos.On 19 February 2019 he was named new head coach of Serie C club Novara. On 5 May 2019 he was sacked. On 28 May, <mask> was named new head coach of Nemzeti Bajnokság I club Budapest Honvéd. He resigned on March 2020 following the COVID-19 pandemic in order to move back to Italy. In February 2021, Sannino returned to manage Levadiakos; however, he resigned less than three months later on 11 May due to personal reasons, despite having obtained 30 points in 15 league games. <mask> successively served as head coach of Libyan Premier League club Al-Ittihad from September 2021 to January 2022. References

1957 births
Living people
People from Ottaviano
Italian footballers
Serie C players
S.S.D.Varese Calcio players
A.S.D. AVC Vogherese 1919 players
Spezia Calcio players
F.C. Pavia players
Italian football managers
Serie A managers
Calcio Lecco 1912 managers
S.S.D. Varese Calcio managers
A.C.N. Siena 1904 managers
Palermo F.C. managers
Watford F.C. managers
A.C. ChievoVerona managers
English Football League managers
Expatriate football managers in England
Italian expatriate football managers
Italian expatriate sportspeople in England
Association football midfielders
Carpi F.C.1909 managers
F.C. Südtirol managers
Novara Calcio managers
A.C. Meda 1913 managers
Budapest Honvéd FC managers
Expatriate football managers in Hungary
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Hungary
A.S.D. La Biellese managers
Vigevano Calcio players
A.S.D. Fanfulla players
Nemzeti

masks: Sannino Sannino


title: Nick Di Paolo

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<mask> (born January 31, 1962) is an American stand-up comedian, writer, actor, radio personality and podcast host best known for his appearances as a regular on Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn, the Comedy Central Roasts, Opie and Anthony and The Howard Stern Show, as well as recurring roles on Louie and Horace and Pete. After a stint on SiriusXM that ended in 2018 due to being fired, he re-launched his topical comedy show The <mask> Show, as a daily online video show and podcast. Early life
<mask> was born in Danvers, Massachusetts to parents <mask> and <mask>. In 1980, after graduating from high school, he attended the University of Maine where he was a running back on the university's football team and graduated in 1984 with a major in marketing. He said: "I cheated my way through with a 2.3 grade point average but picked this time as 'the best years of my life'." He joined the fraternity Sigma Nu. His brother also attended the university and did play-by-play commentary for the Maine Black Bears hockey team with Gary Thorne.After graduating, <mask> landed several jobs, including office jobs in marketing and as a door-to-door salesman selling meat and seafood. During this time, the stand-up comedy scene in the Boston area had picked up and a friend encouraged <mask> to go on stage. <mask> was a fan of stand-up and was influenced by watching comedians appear on The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson, David Letterman on The Mike Douglas Show, Jay Leno on The Merv Griffin Show, and Robert Klein. He had wanted to have a go for several years but "didn't have the guts" but his lack of enjoyment as a salesman "led me to the stage". <mask> performed his first routine in the summer of 1986 at an open mic night at Stitches club in Boston, traveling from a family barbecue with "about 22 beers in me". He recalled his five-minute set went "pretty well" and wanted to pursue it full

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Nick DiPaolo
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Joan Di Paolo
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title: Nick Di Paolo

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 time, but his salesman job required a temporary relocation to Rhode Island. In the spring of 1987, he returned to Boston and started to make regular appearances at local open mic nights.Career

1980s–1990s
<mask> said it took years to hone his stand-up act. From 1987 to 1992, he worked clubs in the New England area, including the Comedy Vault, the Comedy Connection, and Stitches. Two years in, he did his first gigs in New York City which included a regular spot at Catch a Rising Star. He described his act during this early period as "a rapid fire approach, four or five punches attached to every joke". Upon moving to New York City, <mask>'s act became more political from reading local newspapers and comparing views of each publication. In his first year as a stand-up comic, he secured Barry Katz as his manager and performed on over 300 nights. <mask> went on to live in New York City with comedian Louis C.K.as his roommate. In 1992, <mask> relocated to Los Angeles. While there he developed his stand-up act in local comedy clubs and took on several television and film roles. He went on to make an early appearance on national television on The Arsenio Hall Show and featured on HBO's Young Comedian's Special, which focused on up and coming comics. While in Los Angeles, <mask> befriended comedian and actor Artie Lange during an audition for a pilot that had Lange play the lead. <mask>'s first stand-up album, Born This Way, was released in 1999 and was recorded at The Comedy Store in La Jolla, California. Its title was suggested by comedian Colin Quinn.2000s
After five years in Los Angeles, <mask> had considered returning to New York City when Chris Rock offered him a writing position on The Chris Rock Show which was based in the city. He accepted, and wrote for two seasons. In 2001, he and the team of writers were nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a

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texts: Variety, Music, or Comedy Program. It was <mask>'s second Emmy Award nomination. He looked back at his time on the show as one of the best times of his career and went on to work contributing to comedy scripts. By 2001, <mask> had settled in Queens. In June 2001, <mask> made his first appearance on Late Show with David Letterman and later, filmed promos for the Comedy Central roast of Hugh Hefner.His appearances on The Howard Stern Show soon after led to comedy gigs nationwide with various staff from the show, including Stuttering John and Artie Lange, which further raised his profile. From 2002 to 2004, <mask> was a regular guest on the Comedy Central show Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn. He has appeared on several roasts for the network, including The Comedy Central Roast of Pamela Anderson, The Comedy Central Roast of Denis Leary, The Comedy Central Roast of Jeff Foxworthy and The Comedy Central Roast of Larry the Cable Guy. In 2004, <mask> released his second comedy album, Road Rage. Like his first, it was titled by Quinn. Also that year, he starred in Shorties Watchin' Shorties, an animated comedy series on Comedy Central, alongside Patrice O'Neal. They voice two unsupervised babies who comment on television clips, including performances by fellow stand-up comics.The idea originated from <mask> after the network wanted the pair to work together. He has done several Comics Come Home benefit shows. He was cast as a police officer in Artie Lange's feature film Artie Lange's Beer League and in The Sopranos. He also wrote for the 77th Academy Awards and the MTV Video Music Awards. From December 2006 to December 2007, <mask> hosted an afternoon radio show on WFNY in New York City. He left the station after management decided to change formats. He then took fill in spots on the air, including Jerry Doyle, Dennis Miller, and Dan Patrick.In January 2008, <mask> began an

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title: Nick Di Paolo

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 occasional online talk show on BlogTalkRadio. Other television appearances include The Colin Quinn Show on NBC, NewsRadio, Suddenly Susan and The Smoking Gun Presents. He has been a guest on radio shows, including The Howard Stern Show, Opie and Anthony, and The Dennis Miller Show. He was cast as the building superintendent on Louis C.K. 's HBO show Lucky Louie, and appeared with a recurring role in Louis C.K. 's FX series Louie. <mask> has done USO tours in Cuba and Japan.In 2008, he performed stand-up for US soldiers in Afghanistan as a part of Operation Mirth, which Lange named and headlined. He was joined by Gary Dell'Abate and Dave Attell. 2010s
In April 2011, <mask>'s special Raw Nerve was released as part of the Comedy Central Presents... series and on the television network Showtime. In October 2011, <mask> launched a syndicated sports entertainment radio show with Lange named The <mask> & Artie Show. <mask> left in January 2013. Lange continued to host the show with former professional American football player Jon Ritchie that was renamed The Artie Lange Show. In October 2013, <mask> launched his weekly podcast, The Nick Di Paolo Podcast, on the Riotcast network.The weekly episodes were free while additional episodes were exclusive to his ConnectPal donators. The podcast ended in April 2018 following his firing from SiriusXM, after 226 episodes. <mask> was fired from SiriusXM after he posted comments on his Twitter account which read “School shooters, please confine yourself to coll. campuses, specifically faculty lounges at Berkeley, Fresno State etc.” <mask> was subsequently fired, to which <mask> responded that Sirius XM had overreacted and his “poorly worded” tweet was only worth a suspension “at best”. In 2014, <mask> released his comedy special, Another Senseless Killing. He wanted to film it in an intimate club setting and chose Acme in Minneapolis.

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title: Nick Di Paolo

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 In late 2016, <mask> filmed his comedy special entitled Inflammatory.It was released on DVD and digital download in 2017. From May 15, 2017 to April 2018, <mask> hosted an evening radio show on the talk/comedy channel Faction Talk on Sirius XM Radio that aired from Monday through Thursday. Excerpts from the show were released as a weekly installment of his podcast, The Nick Di Paolo Podcast. The show was cancelled after <mask> had posted comments on his Twitter account that management deemed offensive, and was subsequently fired. <mask> maintained that his "poorly worded tweet" should have resulted in a temporary suspension "at best", and that SiriusXM had overreacted. In March 2018, <mask> kicked off his nationwide Nick is Right Tour. On July 9, 2018, <mask> launched his new audio and video podcast, The <mask> <mask> Show.The one-hour show airs live four days a week from his private studio. The free stream is broadcast live on YouTube. On May 6, 2019, <mask> released his one-hour comedy special, A Breath of Fresh Air, for free on YouTube. He wanted to release it "without any media/industry filter" that networks such as Netflix or Comedy Central have in place, and his management aimed to present <mask> to a wider audience to increase his profile. It was filmed in February 2019 at the Cohoes Music Hall in Cohoes, New York in front of a sold-out crowd. <mask> had performed at the venue two years prior and wanted to return to produce a special there. Personal life
<mask> married his wife Andrea in March 2003.They have been together since 1994. After returning to New York City in the early 2000s, <mask> moved to Tarrytown, New York. This was followed by a move to New Castle in Westchester County, New York in 2004. In April 2019, <mask> and his wife Andrea moved to Georgia. His father Nicholas G<mask>, a former Marine, died of Alzheimer's disease on June 30, 2020, in

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title: Nick Di Paolo

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 Danvers, Massachusetts. Politics
During a 2015 interview on Marc Maron's WTF Podcast, <mask> described his political outlook as "center-right" (noting that he doesn't oppose abortion or gay rights) and mentioned that his friend Colin Quinn had once quipped, "you're not a political comedian, but you could tell a joke about McDonald's and everyone would know how you voted". <mask> says he opposes left-wing political correctness, which he believes "ruined this country".<mask> was mentioned as part of a shock radio "brethren" in a New York Times article about CBS Radio's decision to fire Don Imus for referring to black college basketball players as "nappy-headed hoes". The article described one of <mask>'s bits in which he mocked an employee training manual entitled "Words Hurt and Harm", stating, "Right away, we’re starting with a false premise, because words don't hurt". Comedy specials
Born This Way (1999; CD, download)
Road Rage (2004; CD, download)
Funny, How? (2008 CD, download)
 Raw Nerve (2011; DVD, download)
Another Senseless Killing (2014; CD, DVD, download)
Inflammatory (2017; DVD, download)
A Breath of Fresh Air (2019; YouTube)

Filmography

Film

Television

References

External links

<mask> <mask>'s official site

1962 births
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
American male film actors
American stand-up comedians
American male television actors
American television writers
American people of French-Canadian descent
American writers of Italian descent
American male television writers
American television personalities
American radio personalities
American men podcasters
American podcasters
Living people
Male actors from Massachusetts
Massachusetts Republicans
People from Danvers, Massachusetts
Screenwriters from Massachusetts
University of Maine alumni
Comedians

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title: Peter Damian

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<mask> (;  or ;  – 21 or 22 February 1072 or 1073) was a reforming Benedictine monk and cardinal in the circle of Pope Leo IX. Dante placed him in one of the highest circles of Paradiso as a great predecessor of Francis of Assisi and he was declared a Doctor of the Church on 27 September 1828. His feast day is 21 February. Early life
<mask> was born in Ravenna around 988, the youngest of a large noble, but poor family. Orphaned early, he was at first adopted by an elder brother, who ill-treated and under-fed him while employing him as a swineherd. After some years, another brother, <mask>, who was archpriest at Ravenna, had pity on him and took him away to be educated. Adding his brother's name to his own, <mask> made such rapid progress in his studies of theology and canon law, first at Ravenna, then at Faenza, and finally at the University of Parma, that, around the age of 25, he was already a famous teacher at Parma and Ravenna.Religious life

About 1035, however, he gave up his secular calling and, avoiding the compromised luxury of Cluniac monasteries, entered the isolated hermitage of Fonte Avellana, near Gubbio. Both as a novice and as a monk, his fervour was remarkable but led him to such extremes of self-mortification in penance that his health was affected, and he developed severe insomnia. On his recovery, he was appointed to lecture to his fellow monks. Then, at the request of Guy of Pomposa (Guido d'Arezzo) and other heads of neighbouring monasteries, for two or three years he lectured to their brethren also, and (about 1042) wrote the life

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Damianus
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title: Peter Damian

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 of Romuald for the monks of Pietrapertosa. Soon after his return to Fonte Avellana he was appointed economus (manager or housekeeper) of the house by the prior, who designated him as his successor. In 1043 he became prior of Fonte Avellana, and remained so until his death in February 1072. Subject-hermitages were founded at San Severino, Gamogna, Acerreta, Murciana, San Salvatore, Sitria and Ocri.A zealot for monastic and clerical reform, he introduced a more-severe discipline, including the practice of flagellation ("the disciplina") into the house, which, under his rule, quickly attained celebrity, and became a model for other foundations, even the great abbey of Monte Cassino. There was much opposition outside his own circle to such extreme forms of penitence, but <mask>'s persistent advocacy ensured its acceptance, to such an extent that he was obliged later to moderate the imprudent zeal of some of his own hermits. Another innovation was that of the daily siesta, to make up for the fatigue of the night office. During his tenure of the priorate, a cloister was built, silver chalices and a silver processional cross were purchased, and many books were added to the library. Reformer

Although living in the seclusion of the cloister, <mask> closely watched the fortunes of the church, and like his friend Hildebrand, the future Pope Gregory VII, he strove for reforms in a deplorable time. After almost two centuries of political and social upheaval, doctrinal ignorance and the petty venality among the clergy had reached intolerable levels. When the

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title: Peter Damian

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 scandalous Benedict IX resigned the pontificate into the hands of the archpriest John Gratian (Gregory VI) in 1045, <mask> hailed the change with joy and wrote to the new pope, urging him to deal with the scandals of the church in Italy, singling out the wicked bishops of Pesaro, of Città di Castello and of Fano.Extending the area of his activities, he entered into communication with the Emperor Henry III. He was present in Rome when Clement II crowned Henry III and his consort Agnes, and he also attended a synod held at the Lateran in the first days of 1047, in which decrees were passed against simony. After this he returned to his hermitage. <mask> published a constant stream of open letters on a variety of theological and disciplinary controversies. About 1050, he wrote Liber Gomorrhianus addressed to Pope Leo IX, containing a scathing indictment of the practice of sodomy, as threatening the integrity of the clergy. Meanwhile, the question arose as to the validity of the ordinations of simoniacal clerics. <mask> wrote (about 1053) a treatise, the Liber Gratissimus, in favour of their validity, a work which, though much combatted at the time, was potent in deciding the question in their favor before the end of the 12th century.Pope Benedict XVI described him as "one of the most significant figures of the 11th century, ... a lover of solitude and at the same time a fearless man of the Church, committed personally to the task of reform." Philosophy

<mask> often condemned philosophy. He claimed that the first grammarian was the Devil, who taught Adam to

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 decline deus in the plural. He argued that monks should not have to study philosophy, because Jesus did not choose philosophers as disciples, and so philosophy is not necessary for salvation. But the idea (later attributed to Thomas Aquinas) that philosophy should serve theology as a servant serves her mistress originated with him. However, this apparent animosity may reflect his view that logic is only concerned with the validity of argument, rather than the nature of reality. Similar views are found in Al-Ghazali and Wittgenstein.<mask>'s tract De divina omnipotentia is frequently misunderstood. <mask>'s purpose is to defend the "doctrine of omnipotence", which he defines as the ability of God to do anything that is good, e.g., God cannot lie. Toivo J. Holopainen identifies De divina omnipotentia as "an interesting document related to the early developments of medieval discussion concerning modalities and divine omnipotence." <mask> also recognized that God can act outside time, as Gregory of Rimini later argued. Papal envoy and Cardinal
During his illness the pope died, and Frédéric, abbot of Monte Cassino, was elected pope as Stephen IX. In the autumn of 1057, Stephen IX determined to make <mask> a cardinal. For a long time, <mask> resisted the offer, for he was more at ease as an itinerant hermit-preacher than a reformer from within the Curia, but was finally forced to accept, and was consecrated Cardinal Bishop of Ostia on 30 November 1057.In addition he was appointed administrator of the Diocese of Gubbio. The new cardinal was impressed with the

masks: Damian Damian Peter Damian Damian


title: Peter Damian

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 great responsibilities of his office and wrote a stirring letter to his brother-cardinals, exhorting them to shine by their example before all. Four months later Pope Stephen died in Florence, and the church was once more distracted by schism. <mask> was vigorous in his opposition to the antipope Benedict X, but the force was on the side of the intruder and <mask> retired temporarily to Fonte Avallana. Milan

Around the end of 1059, <mask> was sent as legate to Milan by Pope Nicholas II. So bad was the state of things at Milan, that benefices (a reward received in exchange for services rendered and as a retainer for future services) were openly bought and sold, and the clergy publicly married the women with whom they lived. The resistance of the clergy of Milan to the reform of Ariald the Deacon and Anselm of Lucca rendered a contest so bitter that an appeal was made to the Holy See.Nicholas II sent <mask> and the Bishop of Lucca as his legates. The party of the irregular clerics took alarm and raised the cry that Rome had no authority over Milan. <mask> boldly confronted the rioters in the cathedral and proved to them the authority of the Holy See with such effect that all parties submitted to his decision. He exacted first a solemn oath from the archbishop and all his clergy that for the future no preferment should be paid for; then, imposing a penance on all who had been guilty, he reinstated in their benefices all who undertook to live in celibacy. The prudent decision was attacked by some of the rigorists at Rome but was not reversed. Unfortunately,

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title: Peter Damian

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 on the death of Nicholas II, the same disputes broke out, and they were not finally settled till after the martyrdom of Arialdo in 1066. Meanwhile, <mask> was pleading in vain to be released from the cares of his office.Neither Nicholas II nor Hildebrand would consent to spare him. Later career

He rendered valuable assistance to Pope Alexander II in his struggle with the antipope, Honorius II. In July 1061 Pope Nicholas II died and once more a schism ensued. <mask> used all his powers to persuade the antipope Cadalous to withdraw, but to no purpose. Finally Anno II, Archbishop of Cologne and acting regent in Germany, summoned a council at Augsburg at which a long argument by <mask> was read and greatly contributed to the decision in favour of Alexander II. In 1063 the pope held a synod at Rome, at which <mask> was appointed legate to settle the dispute between the Abbey of Cluny and the Bishop of Mâcon. He proceeded to France, summoned a council at Chalon-sur-Saône, proved the justice of the contentions of Cluny, settled other questions at issue in the church of France, and returned in the autumn to Fonte Avellana.While he was in France the antipope Cadalous had again become active in his attempts to gain Rome, and <mask> brought upon himself a sharp reproof from Alexander and Hildebrand for twice imprudently appealing to the royal power to judge the case anew. In 1067, the cardinal was sent to Florence to settle the dispute between the bishop and the monks of Vallombrosa, who accused the former of simony. His efforts, however, were not successful,

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 largely because he misjudged the case and threw the weight of his authority on the side of the bishop. The matter was not settled until the following year by the pope in person. Having served the papacy as legate to France and to Florence, he was allowed to resign his bishopric in 1067. After a period of retirement at Fonte Avellana, he proceeded in 1069 as papal legate to Germany, and persuaded the emperor Henry IV to give up his intention of divorcing his wife Bertha. He accomplished this task at a council in Frankfurt before returning to Fonte-Avellana.Early in 1072 or 1073 he was sent to Ravenna to reconcile its inhabitants to the Holy See, they having been excommunicated for supporting their archbishop in his adhesion to the schism of Cadalous. On his return thence he was seized with fever near Faenza. He lay ill for a week at the monastery of Santa Maria degl'Angeli, now Santa Maria Vecchia. On the night preceding the feast of the Chair of St. <mask> at Antioch, he ordered the office of the feast to be recited and at the end of the Lauds he died. He was at once buried in the monastery church, lest others should claim his relics. During his concluding years, he was not altogether in accord with the political ideas of Hildebrand. He died the year before Hildebrand became pope, as Gregory VII."It removed from the scene the one man who could have restrained Gregory", Norman F. Cantor remarked (Civilization of the Middle Ages, p 251). Veneration
<mask> is venerated as a saint and was made a Doctor of the Church by Pope Leo XII on 27 September 1828 with


title: Peter Damian

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 a feast day which is now celebrated on 21 February (Ordinary calendar). In 1970, his feast was moved there from 23 February where it had been before. His body has been moved six times. Since 1898, <mask> has rested in a chapel dedicated to the saint in the cathedral of Faenza. No formal canonization ever took place, but his cult has existed since his death at Faenza, at Fonte-Avellana, at Monte Cassino, and at Cluny. The saint is represented in art as a cardinal bearing a knotted rope (the disciplina) in his hand; also sometimes he is depicted as a pilgrim holding a papal Bull, to signify his many legations.Works

<mask>'s voluminous writings, including treatises (67 survive), letters, sermons, prayers, hymns and liturgical texts (though, in a departure from many early medieval monks, no biblical commentaries) reflect the spiritual conditions of Italy: the groundswell of intense personal piety that would overflow in the First Crusade at the end of the century, and his Latin abounds in denunciatory epithets. His works include:
 His most famous work is De Divina Omnipotentia, a long letter in which he discusses God's power. The De Divina Omnipotentia purports to be a letter from <mask> to Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino. <mask> develops a position he had taken in an earlier discussion with Desiderius on the claim of St. Jerome that, although God can do all things, he cannot restore virginity to a woman who had lost it. Desiderius had sided with Jerome; <mask> had claimed that God could indeed restore lost virginity. In this letter <mask> defends his

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 views, an undertaking that takes him into the discussion of the scope of divine power, the possibility of God's annulling the past, and the problems that arise from using the language of human temporality to describe divine possibilities in an eternal present. The central question of the nature and scope of divine power is related to previous discussions of the question and to the more sophisticated debates of the later Middle Ages.<mask>'s apparent claims that the law of contradiction does not apply to God and that God is able to annul the past deserve recognition. In these discussions <mask> shows himself the equal of any of the dialecticians that he so severely criticizes. In the short treatise Dominus vobiscum (The Book of "The Lord be with You") (PL 145:231-252), he questions whether a hermit praying in solitude should use the plural; <mask> concludes that the hermit should use the plural, since he is linked to the whole church by faith and fellowship. His Life of Romauld and his treatise The Eremitical Order demonstrate his continuing commitment to solitude and severe asceticism as the ultimate form of Christian life. He was especially devoted to the Virgin Mary, and wrote an Officium Beatae Virginis. The treaty about sodomy and insiders of the Catholic Church called Liber Gomorrhianus
 De Institutione monialis, which had the aim of safeguarding Western Christians from the decadent uses of the East. Notable in this work, among other things, <mask>, then Bishop of Ostia, condemned Maria Argyre's use of a golden fork to eat.Forks were a new invention

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title: Peter Damian

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 at the time. Disceptatio synodalis, in defense of Pope Alexander II against Antipope Honorius II
 De Sancta Simplicitate
 Liber Gratissimus, against simony

Modern editions
 Opera Omnia, in JP Migne, ed., Patrologia Latina, (PL), vols 144 and 145, Paris: Vives. [PL144 mostly contains his letters and sermons; PL145 contains his treatises]
 Pierre Damien: Lettre sur la Toute-Puissance divine, ed Andre Cantin, SC 191 [a modern critical edition of this work]

Translations
 St <mask>: Selected Writings on the Spiritual Life, trans. Patricia McNulty, (London, 1959)

See also
Anselm of Canterbury
Saint <mask>, patron saint archive

Footnotes

Further reading
 David Berger, "<mask> <mask>. His Attitude Toward the Jews and the Old Testament", The Yavneh Review, 4 (1965) 80-112. Owen J. Blum, <mask> Damin: His Teaching on the Spiritual Life, Washington, 1947. Owen J. Blum, "The Monitor of the Popes: St. <mask>", in Studi Gregoriani vol.2 (1947), pp 459–76. John Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality Chicago, 1980. Pierre J. Payer, Book of Gomorrah: An Eleventh-Century Treatise against Clerical Homosexual Practices, Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1962

External links

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry

1000s births
1070s deaths
11th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinal-bishops of Ostia
Doctors of the Church
Diplomats of the Holy See
People from Ravenna
11th-century Italian writers
11th-century Christian saints
People from the Province of Ravenna
Medieval Italian saints
Italian Benedictines
Medieval Latin

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title: George H. Smith (fiction author)

texts: <mask> (October 27, 1922 – May 22, 1996) was an American science fiction author who also wrote soft-core erotica. He is not the same person as <mask><mask>, a libertarian writer, or <mask><mask>, another science fiction writer. There were at least three authors writing as "<mask><mask>" in the 1960s; one wrote many "swamp love" paperback originals, which are often erroneously attributed to <mask>. <mask> himself used the pseudonyms Jeremy August, Jerry August, Don Bellmore, Ross Camra, M J Deer (with his wife, <mask>), John Dexter (a "house name" used by multiple authors); <mask>, <mask>, <mask> (a "house name"), Jerry Jason, Clancy O'Brien, Alan Robinson, <mask>, Diana Summers, <mask>, <mask>, Morgan Trehune, Roy Warren, and J X Williams (a "house name") for publishers such as Avalon, Beacon, Boudoir, Brandon House, Epic, Evening Reader, France, Greenleaf, Midwood, Monarch, Notetime, Pike, Pillow, and Playtime. It is known that he wrote more than 100 novels. The first was published by Ace Books, and the others by DAW Books. According to a legend, Avalon is the place where King Arthur was taken when he was dying.In Avalon, Earth is a place of legend, separated from Avalon by a dimensional gateway, and what is legend in one place is real in another. In Kar Kaballa, Dylan MacBride, the son of a famous Avalonian explorer, attempts to warn the Empire in which he lives (fairly similar to the late-19th century British Empire) of an impending invasion by the Gogs. The Gogs are a nomadic race equivalent to the Mongols, living on a continent separated from Avalon by a narrow sea. Their ruler is Kar Kaballa, and they worship a deity named Cythraul who demands human sacrifice and wishes

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George Devlin
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Jan Hudson
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Hal Stryker
Hank Stryker


title: George H. Smith (fiction author)

texts:
 and Dr. W, assist MacBride defeat the Martians; the story makes it clear that these characters are obviously <mask> and Dr. John Watson. The Island Snatchers is the third Dylan McBride book, and features Gaelic gods stealing the island from which Clarinda (now Mrs. McBride) hails, and the McBrides' efforts to get the island back.Druid's World is a variant of Kar Kaballa, featuring a protagonist named Adam MacBride, but again set in an "Avalon" which combined features of 19th century England (although the naval mutinies are similar to those of the Napoleonic Wars, the Spithead Mutiny in particular) with features of the 5th or 6th century Byzantine Empire. Other works

Quite different is <mask>'s nuclear war novel Doomsday Wing. It shares many plot elements with the more famous film Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, but with reversed allegiances — where the film depicted a fanatic anti-Communist American general initiating an attack on the Soviet Union on his own initiative, in the <mask> novel there is a fanatic Russian Communist attacking America without any authorization. <mask>'s soft-core erotic novel, The Coming of the Rats (vt, Virgin Mistress) begins just before atomic bombs hit the United States and becomes a survivalist novel where the hero and his mates fight mutated rats. The soft-core erotic "St. Germain" and "Jake Reynolds" series (along with others of his oeuvre) use witchcraft and black magic elements for putative fantasy, but remain mainstream works. References

External links

20th-century American novelists
American male novelists
American science fiction writers
1922 births
1996 deaths
20th-century American male

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title: Cauley Woodrow

texts:
<mask> (born 2 December 1994) is an English professional footballer who plays as a forward for  club Barnsley. He made his debut in the Football League for Southend United in September 2013. <mask> previously played for Conference Premier club Luton Town, for whom he made three appearances in the FA Trophy as a 16-year-old. While a Luton player in 2011, he became the first non-League footballer to be capped at youth level for England since the 1970s. Club career

Early life and career
<mask> was born in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, where he attended Hemel Hempstead School. His father, Martin Patching, is a former professional footballer. As a young boy, <mask> trained with Tottenham Hotspur.He joined Buckhurst Hill ahead of the 2007–08 season. He scored eight goals in one of his early games, and played in the team that represented the South of England in the national finals of the Tesco Cup in 2008. Although his team lost in the semi-final, <mask> received the award for best forward in the competition. He went on to join Conference Premier club Luton Town. In the summer of 2010, he was part of their under-15 team that reached the final of a 40-team tournament involving several major European clubs' youngsters, and in September he scored six goals in an FA Youth Cup qualifying match against Cogenhoe United. While still 15, he was an unused substitute for the first team's FA Cup match at Corby Town, and he made his senior debut on 14 December, twelve days after his 16th birthday, as Luton won an FA Trophy first-round replay at Welling United. <mask> played twice more in the FA Trophy: against Uxbridge, he set up the third goal in a 4–0 win, and against Gloucester City, he won the free kick from which Luton scored the only goal of the game to progress to the quarter-final.He was

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 called up to the England under-17 team for a tournament in Portugal in February 2011. Fulham

Early Fulham career
In March 2011, <mask> signed for Premier League club Fulham for a "six-figure" fee, possibly rising to seven figures depending on the player's future progress; the deal included what Luton's managing director described as "a very healthy sell-on clause". He took up a scholarship with the club in July, after he left school, and signed a two-and-a-half-year professional contract on his 17th birthday. Although injury interrupted his first season, he was still able to contribute to the under-18 team winning the 2011–12 Premier Academy League – he scored in the final as Fulham beat Blackburn Rovers 2–1 – scored twice as Fulham came from behind to eliminate Manchester City from the 2011–12 FA Youth Cup at the last 16 stage, played for the reserve team, and occasionally trained with the first team. A December 2012 feature on Fulham's website listed his strengths as "scoring goals, clever movement and awareness around the box". <mask> was a member of Fulham's under-19 team at the 2013 Dallas Cup. He had a penalty saved but still scored twice as his team beat Kashiwa Reysol's youngsters 5–1 to win the tournament.He captained Fulham's under-18s to a second successive Premier Academy League title in 2013. Ahead of the 2013–14 season, <mask> signed a contract extension until 2016. <mask> made his Premier League debut on 8 March 2014, playing 75 minutes of Fulham's 3–1 defeat to Cardiff City at the Cardiff City Stadium, and scored his first goal for the club in a 2–2 draw against Crystal Palace on the final day of the season. Southend United loan
He joined League Two club Southend United on 2 September 2013 on a one-month loan, and went straight into the starting eleven to make

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