title: Vasile Stroescu

texts:
 Bessarabia, and also objected to the 1920s land reform. He died shortly after in Bucharest, having also served in the Senate, and was granted a state funeral. Biography

Beginnings
The Stroescus were a family of ethnic Romanian aristocrats and shepherds from Moldavia: the family patriarch Ioan <mask> had the Moldavian boyar title of jitnicer in the late 17th century. His grandson, Gavriil, was a șătrar; Ienache, Gavriil's son, reverted to pastoralism, and owned ranches in Iași County. His own two sons <mask> (1795–1875) and Ioan moved between Moldavia and Bessarabia, which, following the 1812 Treaty of Bucharest, had been absorbed into the Russian Empire.<mask> owned ten estates on either side of the border, split between Iași and Hotin counties. The <mask>s were all inducted into Russian nobility in 1828 and granted arms in 1867. From his marriage to Profira Manoil Guțu (1808–1856), <mask> Sr had three sons—Mihail (1836–1889), Gheorghe (1840–1922), <mask> Jr. The couple also had four daughters, married off to aristocrats of Russian, Greek, or Polish Bessarabian descent: Ana Kazimir, Maria Druganov, Elena Martos, and Ecaterina Șumanski. The latter's husband was Clemente Șumanski, Mayor of Kishinev in the 1870s. <mask> Jr was born on November 11, 1845, in Trinca, a Hotin County village (now in Edineț District, Moldova). He attended the Bessarabian Lyceum of Kishinev, then the school of Kamenets-Podolskiy and Odessa's Richelieu Lyceum.Later, he studied law at the universities of Moscow, Saint Petersburg, and Berlin. The

masks: Stroescu Vasile Vasile Stroescu Vasile Vasile Vasile


title: Vasile Stroescu

type: original

texts: latter awarded him a doctorate of law. An erudite, Stroiescu reportedly spoke all Slavic languages, German, French, English and Italian, in addition to his native Romanian. Upon graduation, he traveled throughout Europe, including in the Kingdom of Romania, and also visited the Western colonies in Africa. This was a passion shared by his older brother Mihail, who was once shipwrecked in the Pacific, and later wrote memoirs of his adventures. <mask> was appointed a judge at the Hotin city tribunal in 1867, becoming colleagues with writer Alexandru Hâjdeu. Following his father's death, he withdrew from the legal profession altogether, making Brînzeni his main residence.There, he began his trade as a gentleman farmer, peasant educator, and amateur agronomist, while maintaining a lively interest in historical research. After receiving his inheritance, <mask> owned 9,000 hectares (22,000 acres), but later came to purchase 16,000 more hectares (some 4,000 acres) of land, with several manors, ranches, and stables, making him one of the richest people in the region. Many of his properties he auctioned off, using the money to finance his philanthropy, or divided between the peasant obshchiny, with <mask> as a pioneer of cooperative farming and cooperative forestry. He personally verified his plowmen's techniques and corrected their mistakes. As noted by Brînzeni native Ion Buzdugan, he was "modest and balanced", but also "ruthless with those who squandered his wealth." Fellow activist Pan Halippa noted that <mask> was a "real

masks: Vasile Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts:
 democrat" and "true Christian", who "never married and lived modestly." "This man", Halippa claims, "used his great managerial competence to please those living on his estate.He [...] helped everyone own a proper home grange, acting as a statesman ought to. [...] If only those ministers who call themselves democrats and socialists could know how the great Bessarabian Romanian <mask> <mask> used to live!" By 1918, <mask> only had some 8,000 hectares left to his name, spread about between Trinca, Bădragii Vechi, Druța and Zăbriceni. Nationalist sponsor
As noted by historian Iurie Colesnic, <mask> and Nicolae Ștefan Casso stood among those boyars who reverted Russification or Moldovenism, "neutralizing the influence" of pro-imperial adversaries such as Alexander N. Krupensky. <mask> built of refurbished several schools in Bessarabia, founded hospitals in his native village and in Brătușeni, and became ktitor of Bessarabian Orthodox churches in Trinca, Pociumbăuți, Șofrîncani, and Zăicani. In 1899, he offered to sponsor state schools, provided that they be allowed to teach classes in Romanian. This proposal was simply disregarded by government.With the liberalization made possible by the Revolution of 1905, <mask> began participating in conspiratorial meetings of the Romanian elite in Kishinev, exchanging ideas with Halippa, Nicolae Alexandri, Ion Inculeț, Nicolae Bivol, Alexis Nour, Ion Pelivan, and Paul Gore, where they first discussed the prospect of Romania and Bessarabia uniting. As Pelivan notes, he and Emanuil Gavriliță

masks: Vasile Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: tried to persuade <mask> to finance a magazine for the Romanian-speaking populace, but the landowner "seemed rather skeptical". However, in 1906 he sponsored Halippa in setting up a democratic-and-nationalist newspaper, Basarabia, eventually shut down by the Russian authorities in March 1907. By 1910, <mask> had expatriated himself to Switzerland, and was living in Davos Platz. His charity work continued to have a profound effect among the Romanian communities of Transylvania, in Austria-Hungary, where <mask> notably founded the boarding house serving the Diocese of Arad, as well as "tens of churches, schools and hospitals". Although a patron of Romanian Orthodoxy, he was critical of the church's claim to have preserved Romanian identity, noting that its nationalist discourse was a recent "invention of the parsons, to emphasize their own merits". He saw Orthodoxy as equal to its rival Romanian Greek-Catholic Church, arguing that "a religious difference cannot divide us", since "Romanians of both religions behave one to the other as true Christians and therefore as brethren".As such, in 1910 <mask> allied himself with the Greek Catholics to tackle the effects of Magyarization, donating 100,000 Kronen to the cultural fund in Blaj. Other estimates suggest that his sponsorship of schools, including Orthodox ones, ran at 950,000 Kronen in 1913–500,000 of these were channeled through Partenie Cosma, and 200,000 more through the Archbishopric of Sibiu, while 100,000 went to the creation of a girls' school in Arad. His contribution

masks: Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: also included a Stroescu Fund at ASTRA Society and various payments to the Cultural League for the Unity of All Romanians. In Romanian-ruled Western Moldavia, he fitted primary schools from a special fund, which ran at 200,000 lei, and, in 1906–1908, put up 300,000 lei for the building of a Romanian People's Salvation Cathedral. In May 1910, as recognition of his activities, and in particular for his work with the Blaj foundations, <mask> was elected an honorary member of the Romanian Academy. This appointment left him indifferent, as he considered his deeds "only natural". He declared himself "at my country's disposal, with all this mind God gave me, from all my heart and with my entire wealth".According to Halippa and Pelivan, his focus fell on Transylvania and elsewhere only because censorship and repression prevented him from openly financing nationalism in his native province. Another account is that he was felt called into action by the anti-Magyarization writings of Ioan Slavici. Moreover, his philanthropic activity was preceded by that of his late brother Mihail, who, as early as 1882, had set up ten model schools in Romania-proper, after having failed to create a Romanian studies department at Novorossiya University. Also noted for founding a school in Stolniceni, Mihail had set up a rural hospital at Bekir, eventually splitting his wealth between ASTRA, the Romanian vocational schools of Brașov, and his tenant farmers. The family's renewed contributions have led various authors to refer to Vasile as Transylvania


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: or Bessarabia's "Maecenas". Transylvanians such as Justinian Teculescu dedicated him verse of praise; others believed that he was not a real man, but a fictional character created by the Romanian state to hide its direct involvement in Austro-Hungarian affairs. <mask> also sponsored individual Bessarabians to pursue their education abroad, as he did with physician and fellow Romanian nationalist Elena Alistar, and founded an eponymous Stroescu Help Club for the Romanian Americans of Cleveland.Between June 1910 and August 1911, he paid for Nour to publish a Russian-language paper, Bessarabets, and, after 1913, financed the newspaper Cuvânt Moldovenesc, published by Halippa and Alexandri, also helping peasants with their subscriptions. By 1912, <mask> was living in Lausanne, but still appeared incognito to celebrate the golden jubilee of Petru Maior Society in Budapest. However, he was expressing his disenchantment with his Transylvanian colleagues. His letters to his fund's beneficiaries often included "drastic reprimands." In early 1913, he published a piece in the newspaper Românul of Arad, attacking Romanian banks for paying dividends higher than 5%, and their clients for accepting them; the difference, he argued, could go toward sponsoring culture. Responding to this "judicious and unusually categorical" critique, the economist Ion Mateiu suggested that the reduction demanded by <mask> was needlessly abrupt. <mask>, who donated 50,000 Kronen to settling disputes between ASTRA and the popular banks, and then to the


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts:
 creation of alternative credit unions, found sympathy with the writing team at Luceafărul, which basked in his critique of "our petty bourgeoisie [and] its plutocratic ideals".Through ASTRA, he also distributed his brochure Statutele și îndrumările pentru băncile poporale ("Statutes and Guiding for the People's Banks"). The Bihar County bankers objected to such initiatives, seeing <mask> as an unfair competitor to their business. Revolution and union
By 1914, <mask>'s relations with the Austro-Hungarian authorities were noticeably strained. His sponsoring of a Christmas 1913 folk party in Beiuș almost ended with the prosecution of its organizer, Nicolae Coroiu. The outbreak of World War I caught <mask> on the Russian side, ending all his work in Transylvania; the government of István Tisza listed him as a "public menace", suspected of wanting to incite a Romanian rebellion in Transylvania. He returned to Odessa in 1914, and managed to persuade the authorities to release his protégée Alistar, who had been arrested for sedition. In late 1916, Romania entered the war, siding with Russia against Austria-Hungary and the other Central Powers.Following the February Revolution, which inaugurated an episode of social rebellion and national emancipation throughout Russia, the Stroescus were targeted by Russian revolutionaries. Gheorghe's former manor in Bălceana was ransacked by deserters from the Romanian Front, who burned down his manuscripts, and so were other country homes owned by the family. The Brânzeni estate was spared: the

masks: Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: peasants there, having already set up a network for trafficking Romanian books into Bessarabia, also formed a self-defense unit which protected their shared wealth. <mask> was at Soroca, where he signed a manifesto for Bessarabian self-determination, officially backed by the zemstvo and the gentry assembly. He then took part in the establishment of Bessarabia's own National Moldavian Party (PNM), formed on . This came only after protracted negotiations with a Transylvanian refugee, Onisifor Ghibu, who was perplexed that Bessarabians "hardly understood the importance of having a political party [...] that would militate for the national cause." <mask> held on to an apolitical stance, replying that "he was ready to give as much as he had, but only for cultural enterprises, because politics, he said, was a dirty activity."At Kishinev in early 1917, he met the Transylvanian activist Hortensia Goga, who described him as "healthy and content, [...] seems not to be preoccupied by anything except his own person." Eventually, the PNM, representing the more right-wing and nationalist politicians in the Governorate, proposed Bessarabian autonomy and the creation of a national legislature, Sfatul Țării. <mask>, as the "Grand Old Man" of nationalism, was the PNM's honorary leader, with Paul Gore as the executive president and Halippa as secretary. Later, he and Halippa attended the Soldiers' Congress in Odessa, which affirmed its support for "autonomous Bessarabia" and a federated Russian Republic. The uniformed procession paid him

masks: Vasile Stroescu Stroescu


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: homage by parading in front of London Hotel, where he was staying. In June of the same year, as the gentry assembly formed a Society for Assisting Popular Education and the Study of National Customs, <mask> became honorary chairman; Gore and Vladimir Herța were its "active presidents". During the October Revolution and Russia's disintegration, Sfatul Țării was established and <mask> nominally stood in the regional election.At the time, Pelivan argues, <mask> was "a great nationalist, but less of a democrat", and alienated from his constituents because "(since 1900) he lived mostly abroad." As noted by Halippa, <mask> and Herța were trying to set up a distinct PNM for the boyars: "their action did not lead to much [...], although we revolutionaries never objected to them being elected to Sfatul Țării [...], since we believed that all intellectual forces needed to be consulted in political matters". Historian Charles Upson Clark claims that he even served for a while as the legislature's president, during Bessarabia's brief existence as a nominally independent Moldavian Democratic Republic. However, <mask> is known to have been seriously ill from September 1917 to the early months of 1919, leaving for England and France, and only championed the union of Bessarabia with Romania from afar. According to a report by Iustin Frățiman, some of <mask>'s charity works were destroyed during a wave of vandalism instigated by the Bolshevik soldiers in Bessarabia: "The books donated by <mask> <mask> to one library were used to set a fire

masks: Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Vasiles Stroescu


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts:
 that lasted for three days on end!" In March, when Sfatul Țării was visited by the Romanian Prime Minister Alexandru Marghiloman and voted in favor of union, <mask> was in Paris. This was an uncertain period, with him in Allied territory while Romania capitulated to the Central Powers.At the time, <mask> wrote his will, with Pelivan as his executor. It called for redistributing his land (much of it already taken over by the zemstvo), or, alternatively, donating it to the Romanian state; in exchange, he only demanded that peasants receive education in Romanian. As noted in 1927 by Clark, this document reflected the "comfortable old Russian patriarchal atmosphere", and was already outdated by the pace of "militant equalization"—although the dream of Romanian education was eventually fulfilled by the state itself, with its mandatory literacy programs. Assembly President and dissenter
On September 1, 1918, returning to Paris, <mask> joined <mask> Lucaciu and Ioan Cantacuzino in creating a National Romanian Action Committee for promoting the cause of Greater Romania in Allied countries. He later attached himself to Take Ionescu's National Committee for Romanian Unity. Following the November Armistice, Marghiloman was deposed and Romania, Bessarabia included, reentered the war. In December, this step ensured the Transylvanian union, with the new borders awaiting international recognition at the Paris Peace Conference.Throughout the following months, to Marghiloman's worry, Western powers seemed to favor placing Bessarabia, in

masks: Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Vasile


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: whole or in part, under a League of Nations mandate. In March 1919 (some two months into the conference), <mask> also came out in support of other pan-Romanian causes. He became honorary president of the League for the Liberation of Romanians in Timoc and Macedonia; its executive leaders included George Murnu, Sever Bocu and Tache Papahagi. In the national election of November 1919, Halippa enlisted <mask> as a candidate for his Bessarabian Peasants' Party (PȚB), which resulted in him representing Orhei County in the Assembly of Deputies. <mask> shared his ticket with historian Nicolae Iorga, although the latter was not a PȚB man. As recalled by Halippa, he ran simultaneously (and won) in three other electoral precincts—Hotin, Soroca, and Bălți; and, according to other sources, also in Tighina County and Lăpușna. On November 20, as an homage to his work in promoting the Romanian cause, <mask> was also selected to preside upon Greater Romania's first parliamentary session, effectively as the Assembly's honorary President.Praised by Iorga for its composition and style, the speech forewarned: "With a habit that has become second-nature, we scour the scene to find ways in which we may partake in the fruit of other people's labor. No, Gentlemen, this will no loger do! We must labor ourselves and commit to providing for ourselves. [...] In this life of ours we must maintain clean thoughts and clean hands." This drew attention from Marghiloman's Progressive Conservatives, disgraced for their sympathy for the Central Powers.


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: Marghiloman was drawn to <mask>'s anti-corruption hints, namely that "the new administrations of Bessarabia should keep their hands clean." Also on November 20, the Assembly Presidency went to Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, replaced on December 1 by Iorga; <mask> still preserved his role as a dean of the Bessarabian caucus: on December 29, he presented for ratification the law on Romanian–Bessarabian unification, which was unanimously carried.Within months, however, he became a critic of the Romanian administration, speaking at the Assembly rostrum about the deteriorating situation of his native province and the state of siege it was placed under. On February 10, 1920, he took a stand against Ion Inculeț, the PȚB Minister for Bessarabia, accusing him of tolerating "oppression in savage fashion", and concluding, to his colleagues' dismay, that "the situation was better under the old Russian régime." This pitted him against the mainstream of his party, and also against Iorga. Despite shows of support from the Socialist Party benches and some PȚB deputies, Iorga suspended the session, accusing <mask> of having "insult[ed] all the past and the future of the nation"; he was supported in this by Marghiloman. In his diary, Iorga summarized the incident: "<mask> insulted from the rostrum this country as one of exploiters and awful clerks. I asked him to step down." <mask> was also censured by Inculeț, who dismissed his speech as "café gossip" and a landowner's malcontent, noting that the Bessarabian gentry as a whole reacted with

masks: Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu Stroescu


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: "profound egotism" to the proposed land reform.Nevertheless, <mask>'s position was endorsed by the daily Adevărul, which referred to Inculeț as a "satrap" who simply ignored criticism, and called Iorga's moderating stance "absurd diplomacy". The paper also denounced Inculeț's suggestion that those dissatisfied with his administration, <mask> included, could opt to move to Soviet Russia. In March, according to the same Iorga, <mask> voted "discreetly" against land reform, and then spoke out against the majority of supporters. According to historians Sorina and Ioan Bolovan, "<mask> kept apart from the demagoguery, careerism and pettiness of political intrigues." In August 1923, partly as a protest against government arbitrariness, he participated in the founding of a League for Human Rights, with such members as Constantin Costa-Foru, Dem I. Dobrescu, Victor Eftimiu, Grigore Iunian, Ioan Pangal, Istrate Micescu, Ilie Moscovici, Constantin Titel Petrescu, Radu D. Rosetti, and Ștefan Voitec. He was elected its first president, with Costa-Foru serving as his secretary. His criticism of government was followed with interest in White émigré circles, where it was believed that a restored Russian monarchy should include Bessarabia.On their behalf, Alexander N. Krupensky suggested that <mask>, "an honest man in spite of his accepting to be 'elected' by the Roumanian Government as one of the Bessarabian deputies", openly spoke on topics that Iorga and other establishment politicians wanted kept secret. In Soviet Russia, which


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts:
 advanced its own claim to Bessarabia, propagandist Christian Rakovsky also used <mask>'s words against Romanian nationalist claims in his 1925 exposé, Rumynia i Bessarabia. Death and legacy

With his final donation of land, <mask> renounced his manor in Brînzeni to set up an agricultural and technical school. His prewar fund for ASTRA's public libraries, comprising 25,000 Kronen in 1914, was supplemented by the Transylvania's Directing Council and put to use in 1920. Before his death in Bucharest on April 14, 1926, <mask> served in Senate, representing a Transylvanian constituency. His funeral service was held on April 17 at the Orthodox White Church on Calea Victoriei, and witnessed orations by priest Ioan Lupaș, who was also the incumbent Minister of Health, and by Patriarch Miron Cristea; the following day, a memorial service was held at Sibiu Cathedral. Reportedly, <mask> had wanted to be cremated and have his ashes scattered all over Romania.He was instead awarded a state funeral at Bucharest's Sfânta Vineri Cemetery. His tomb there was later decorated with a bust by the Moldavian Mihai Onofrei, and a Bucharest street was renamed after him. The funeral itself was attended by his former colleague and rival Iorga. He noted delegates of all those who had been helped by the deceased—the church, the Bessarabian Peasantists, and the nationalists—but also that the establishment itself was absent. In his obituary, Iorga referred to <mask> as a "great charitable man and generous benefactor". Other obituaries appeared during the


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts: following week. They included front-page editorials in Universul, Gazeta Transilvaniei, Telegraful Român, Cuvântul Ardealului and (penned by Ghibu) Biruința, with additional coverage in ASTRA's Societatea de Mâine.As argued by journalist M. Gh. Carpen, <mask> had already been forgotten in Transylvania a full decade before his death; the brief revival of interest in 1920 had given way to his being tarnished by the "mud puddle" of politics. <mask>'s activity was first explored methodically in an essay by Alexandru Ciulcu, published by Viața Basarabiei magazine in 1940. Just months later, Bessarabia fell under a Soviet occupation, during which Ciulcu himself was killed by the NKVD. <mask>'s memory was repressed in the resulting Moldavian SSR and, later, in Communist Romania. Nationalized, the Brînzeni manor was turned into a psychiatric clinic. During the national communism of the 1960s, Halippa and the Bessarabian community in Bucharest tried to commemorate their former leader, but were reportedly prevented to do so by the authorities.However, in 1968, Halippa managed to invoke <mask> and bring up the issue of his being "forgotten", with a formal address to the Academy. Such work was partly continued in America by a nephew of <mask>'s, the journalist Gheorghe Ștefan Donev (1909–1993). The repressive trend was reversed following the Romanian Revolution of 1989: in 2013, a Palace of the Parliament hall was renamed in his honor, but, as historian Sever Dumitrașcu noted, no Transylvanian school once funded by his money ever


title: Vasile Stroescu

texts:
 accepted to acknowledge him in the same fashion. In independent Moldova, the lyceum in Brînzeni took his name. A Moldovan Vasile Stroescu Foundation was created, a memorial plaque was put up in 1996 at Trinca, and efforts have been made to establish a memorial house in Brînzeni. Notes

References
The Roumanian Occupation in Bessarabia. Documents.Paris: Imprimerie Lahure, [1920]. Rodica Andruș, "Sufletul românesc nu cunoaște frontiere. Boierul Vasile Stroiescu", in Sargetia, Vol. XXX, 2002, pp. 587–592. Andrei Bârseanu, Romul Simu, "Raportul general al comitetului central al »Asociațiunii pentru literatură și cultura poporului român« asupra lucrărilor sale și a situației acesteia în annul 1919", in Transilvania, Nr. 5–9/1920, pp.547–579. Alberto Basciani, La difficile unione. La Bessarabia e la Grande Romania, 1918–1940. Rome: Aracne Editore, 2007. Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, Boierimea Moldovei dintre Prut și Nistru, Vol. II. Bucharest: National Institute of History, 1943.Sorina Paula Bolovan, Ioan Bolovan, "<mask> <mask> dans la conscience publique de Transylvanie", in Transylvanian Review, Vol. XI, Issue 2, 2002, pp. 22–29. Ștefan Ciobanu, La Bessarabie. Sa population—son passé—sa culture (Académie Roumaine. Études et recherches XIII). Bucharest: Monitorul Oficial, 1941.Charles Upson Clark, Bessarabia. Russia and Roumania on the Black Sea. New York City: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1927. Iurie Colesnic, Chișinăul din inima noastră. Chișinău: B. P. Hașdeu Library, 2014. Ion Constantin, Gherman Pântea între mit și realitate.

masks: Vasile Stroescu


title: Eric Charles Twelves Wilson

texts:
Lieutenant colonel <mask> (2 October 1912 – 23 December 2008) was an English British Army officer and colonial administrator. He received the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. At the time of his death, he was last surviving British Army recipient of the Victoria Cross in the Second World War, and the earliest and oldest recipient. Early life
<mask> was born at Sandown on the Isle of Wight, where his father <mask> was a curate. His mother's maiden name was Twelves. His grandfather <mask> was the first missionary from the Church Mission Society to visit Buganda, in 1877. He was educated at Marlborough College, where fees were reduced for the sons of clergymen, and he became a house captain.Although he wore glasses, he was awarded a prize cadetship to attend the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. Military career
<mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant in The East Surrey Regiment on 2 February 1933. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant in 1936 and was seconded to the 2nd (Nyasaland) Battalion The King's African Rifles in 1937 serving in East Africa, where he learned to speak Nyanja. He was then seconded to the Somaliland Camel Corps in 1939. In August 1940, <mask> was 27 years old, and by then an acting captain attached to the Somaliland Camel Corps, when Italian forces commanded by General Guglielmo Nasi invaded British Somaliland (now Somaliland). During the Italian conquest of British Somaliland the heavily outnumbered British-led forces made their stand on the hills around Tug Argan. During this battle, from 11 to 15 August 1940 at Observation Hill, Captain <mask> kept a Vickers machine-gun post in action in spite of being wounded and suffering from malaria.Some of his guns were blown to pieces by the enemy's field artillery fire, and his spectacles were smashed. He was wounded in the right shoulder and the left eye, and he was assumed to have been killed. For his actions, likened in the Daily Sketch to another Rorke's Drift, <mask> was

masks:
Eric Charles Twelves Wilson VC
Wilson
Cyril Charles Clissold Wilson
Charles Thomas Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


title: Eric Charles Twelves Wilson

texts:
 awarded the Victoria Cross. <mask> has the rare distinction of being mistakenly awarded a "posthumous" VC, announced in The London Gazette on 16 October 1940. At the time the award was made, he was believed to be missing in action, presumed dead. He had, however, been captured by the Italians. An official report in The Times on 16 October indicated that he had survived, but another captured officer was surprised to find the "late" Captain <mask> still alive in a prisoner of war camp in Eritrea.In 1941, when the Italian forces in East Africa surrendered following the East African Campaign, <mask> was released from captivity. He returned to England and received his Victoria Cross at Buckingham Palace in July 1942. With his captain's rank made permanent in 1941, and with the rank of temporary major, he served as adjutant of the Long Range Desert Group and then as second in command of the 11th (Kenyan) King's African Rifles, part of the 25th East African Brigade in 11th East African Division, in the Burma Campaign. Having contracted scrub typhus he was hospitalised for two months and then returned to East Africa to command an infantry training establishment at Jinja in Uganda. He was promoted to acting lieutenant-colonel in June 1945 and was seconded to The Northern Rhodesia Regiment in 1946. He retired from the Army in 1949 and although at this time his permanent rank was major, he was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant-colonel. Victoria Cross citation
The formal citation for <mask>'s VC, published in the London Gazette in October 1940 when he was still presumed dead, reads:

Later life
<mask> married Ann Pleydell-Bouverie (a descendant of the Earls of Radnor) in 1943.They had two sons. After they divorced in 1953, <mask> married Angela Joy Gordon, and they had one son. After <mask> left the Army in 1949, he joined the Overseas Civil Service in Tanganyika. He learned several African languages, and served in Tanganyika until independence of the British East African countries which led to his retirement in 1961. In 1962 <mask> was appointed Deputy Warden of

masks: Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson


title: Eric Charles Twelves Wilson

texts:
 London House, a residence at Goodenough Square in the Bloomsbury district of London. This residence is for university graduates from the Commonwealth of Nations pursuing graduate studies in the United Kingdom. In 1966 <mask> was promoted to Warden of London House, holding the position until he retired in 1977, after which he lived in Stowell, Somerset.At the time of his death, he was one of only ten Victoria Cross recipients still alive. He was the last surviving British Army recipient of the Second World War, as well as being the earliest and oldest recipient. His VC is on display in the Lord Ashcroft Gallery at the Imperial War Museum, London. He suffered from prostate cancer in later life, and died after a stroke. He was buried in Stowell, survived by his second wife and their son, and both of his sons from his first marriage. See also
East African campaign (World War II)
Italian conquest of British Somaliland
List of solved missing person cases

Footnotes

References
British VCs of World War 2 (John Laffin, 1997)
Monuments to Courage (David Harvey, 1999)
The Register of the Victoria Cross (This England, 1997)
 Roger T. Stearn, '<mask>, <mask> Twelves (1912–2008)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, (Oxford University Press, 2012) [accessed 5 Oct 2012]

External links
Captain E.C<mask> in The Art of War exhibition at the UK National Archives

 Imperial War Museum Interview

1912 births
2008 deaths
People from Sandown
People educated at Marlborough College
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
East Surrey Regiment officers
British Army personnel of World War II
British colonial governors and administrators in Africa
British World War II recipients of the Victoria Cross
Somaliland Camel Corps officers
King's African Rifles officers
British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
Military history of British Somaliland during World War II
Tanganyika (territory) people
Missing in action of World War II
British World War II prisoners of war
Formerly missing people
World War II prisoners of war held by Italy
Military personnel from the Isle of

masks:
Wilson
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Eric Charles
. Wilson


title: Kirill Turichenko

texts:
<mask> (), or Kyrylo Turychenko (), was born January 13, 1983 in Odessa, Ukraine. He is a Ukrainian musician, singer and actor. <mask> has been a member of the Russian boy band Ivanushki International since 2013. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on January 13, 1983  in Ukraine, Odessa. In 1989–1997 he studied at high school no. 82, and in 1997–2000 at high school no. 37 drama class in Odessa under the direction of Olga Kashneva.In 1997 he finished a musical school where he learned to play piano. In 2004 he finished the South Ukrainian State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushynsky, the faculty of music and art. As a child he was in love with music. From his early years he took part in Odessa show-team "Star Hour", which has participated in many festivals and contests. Music career

In 1994, <mask> took part in popular TV contests "Morning star", "Small stars" and "5 + 20". In 1995 as the participant of "Star Hour" he played a leading part in the musical "The Magic Aladdin's Lamp".Later the art director of show-team Svetlana Vetryak had created a vocal quartet KA2U, in which <mask> became a soloist. In 1999 this quartet has won the first award of the Second All-Ukrainian Charitable festival Black Sea games. As a result young musicians were able to perform at the Tavria Games festival – a popular music festival of Ukraine. As a part of KA2U. Turichenko-operated for a long time with the largest and popular concert clubs of Odessa, where public gathers specially for their performances 5 days a week. After studying in the drama school <mask> came to grips with a theatre artist’s career. On May 7, 8, 2002 at the Odessa Music Comedy theatre a premiere of the rock-opera "Romeo and Juliet" took place, where <mask> has played a leading

masks:
Kirill Turichenko
Turichenko
Kirill Turichenko
Turichenko
Turichenko
Turichenko
Turichenko


title: Kirill Turichenko

texts: part.The "Romeo and Juliet" is in the repertoire of the Odessa academical Music Comedy theatre and now. It had been played over 300 times. <mask> became laureate of the International Competition of Actors of Operetta and Musical. In January 2004, <mask> became laureate of the Man of the Year award in nomination The opening of the year. The award for the best representatives in the opinion collected from citizens of Odessa was presented at Odessa Opera and Ballet Theatre. From August 2004, <mask> played a leading part in a performance “The Canterville Ghost”, based on the Oscar Wilde's book. In November 2009 took place a premiere of youth musical Siliconovaya dura.net on the stage of the Odessa academical Music Comedy theatre.One of the major parts also plays <mask>. The turning point in <mask>'s career began in 2005. Then, among of several thousand applicants, he has received a part in the Moscow performance, namely in Andrew Lloyd Webber`s  musical "Cats". He has also perfectly recommended himself at the following qualifying contests: Pop Idol, New wave and 5 stars. The jury of one of the contests included well-known musical and theatrical producer Katerina von Gechmen-Valdek, who saw a huge who saw a huge creative potential in the upcoming artist, introduced him to Michael Topalov (producer of a popular vocal ex-duet Smash!!). In late 2005 Sergey Lazarev left and M. Topalov offered <mask> to join the band. At the same time, the qualifying contest You're a Star, which can give a chance to participate in Eurovision Song Contest 2006, started in Ukraine.The singer has decided to try his skills there. As a result <mask> was one of the top twelve finalists, selected among thousand applicants from all country. The Artist had to make a choice

masks: Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko


title: Kirill Turichenko

texts: what to prefer – to work in already over-hyped Russian project or to risk and try luck in representing Ukraine at the international song contest and to conquer Europe. The last seemed to <mask> more attractive. He moved to Kyiv and he appeared in the TV project final round, where he took an honourable second place. After the TV contest Kyiv producers got interested in <mask> so he started his solo career. His songs were on the top list of radio charts at the leading radio stations of Ukraine.His first music videos were his on musical TV channels of the country. He performed at some musical festivals of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus. In May 2010, the single "4 Seasons of Love", written by <mask> with Ray Horton, the ex-member of The Real Milli Vanilli, was presented in Ukraine. The Russian clip-maker Pavel Khudyakov and operator Maxim Osadchy shot a summer music video "4 Seasons of Love". The singer prepared solo album, recorded at major studios in Russia and Ukraine. Mastering of the album took place in February 2011 in London Metropolis studio, which at one time Lady Gaga, Justin Timberlake, Michael Jackson and other world stars recorded their songs. In November 2010, in Crystal Hall in Kyiv <mask> presented his new music video "Prosti menya" /Forgive me/, directed by Katya Tsarik.The singer presented also his new concert show, which included 12 songs from the new album. In February 2011, <mask> signed with leading recording company in Ukraine, MOON records, to release his debut album, "". In just one year <mask> fully updated his stage concert show. <mask>'s album "Peresechenie sudeb" includes 13 songs, some of which have become successfully all-Ukrainian hits. In August 2011, <mask> was appreciated by music experts of show business "Crystal

masks: Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko


title: Kirill Turichenko

texts:
 Microphone" award. <mask>'s album "Peresechenie sudeb" was recognized as the best in the category  "Album of the Year" , and <mask> himself as the "Idol of the year." In 2011 he took part also in a reality television show "Survivor", becoming a finalist in the last episode of the project.In early 2012 <mask> became a participant of the main Ukrainian vocal show "The Voice" on 1+1 TV channel. Theater works

The theater came to <mask>'s life in his early years. When he was 13 years old his parents sent him to study at Odessa high school № 37 drama class under the direction of Olga Kashneva. Famous stars of movie and theater such as Nonna Grishaeva, Irina Apeksimova and many other studied here. After studying at the drama school <mask> came to grips with a theater artist’s career. At this moment in the repertoire of actor there are three leading parts in sensational performances. Moreover he is laureate of one theatrical award (in 2004 he became laureate of the International Competition of Actors of Operetta and Musical).Rock-opera Romeo and Juliet

The premiere took place on May 7, 2002, on the stage of the Odessa academical Music Comedy theatre named after M.Vodyanoy. A leading part (Romeo) was played by <mask> and he continues to play it. The stage director of the performance Georgiy Kovtun made the serious demands to all actors. So, they should not only sing, play and dance perfectly, but also execute difficult acrobatic tricks. All of these elements were dictated by scenography: two board constructions moved by the stage, transforming in imagination of spectators to locks of Montague and Capulet, to fighting vehicles, to serf towers. The textures of suits of heroes well-matched to all atmosphere of performance: "skin-bast mat-zamsh-metal".

masks: Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko


title: Kirill Turichenko

texts:
 The stage director of performance, the choreographer, the honoured worker of arts of Russia, the winner of the international contests considered that the majority of performances, based on the Shakespeare's works are very refined and coddled, that is why he wanted to show a power and pressure, epoch – barbarous.And it has given an original colouring. Young sincerely enamoured Romeo and Juliet are especially fragile, defenceless and pure against a huge and blind power on the background. This rock opera is being sold out for every performance for many years. The Canterville ghost

In January 2004, <mask> became a laureate of the Man of the Year award in nomination The opening of the year. And in August on the stage of the Odessa academical Music Comedy theatre named after M.Vodyanoy took place “The Canterville Ghost” premiere, based on the same named Oscar Wilde's book. <mask> acts a leading role again – the ghost sir Simon. The musical was produced by the Honoured worker of Arts of Russia Georgiy Kovtun.<mask> plays a three hundred-years-old ghost. Siliconovaya dura.ne

The musical Siliconovaya dura.net is a modern tragicomedy about life of senior pupils. Along with an appreciation of experts, this performance has caused the rough discussions and disputes that the theatre did not know yet. <mask>’s hero Mitya became a victim of the Internet. Discography

Peresechenie sudeb (2011)

 Track list

Music videos
 2010 : 4 Seasons of Love (in duet with Ray Horton)
 2010 : Prosti mrenya

References

External links
 Official site (available in Russian, English)
 YouTube channel

 Facebook official community()
 Facebook official community ()

1983 births
21st-century Ukrainian male actors
Ukrainian musicians
Living people
Ukrainian male musical

masks: Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko Turichenko


title: Bruce Rioch

texts:
<mask> (; born 6 September 1947) is a football manager and former player for the Scotland national team. His last managerial post was at AaB in the Danish Superliga in 2008. As a player, he made more than 550 appearances in the Football League and, by virtue of his parents' birthplaces, represented Scotland in 24 matches; he became the first player born in England to captain Scotland. As a manager, he has taken charge of clubs in England, including Arsenal where he signed the famous Dennis Bergkamp, the United States, and Denmark. His brother Neil, son Gregor and nephew Matty Holmes were also professional footballers. Playing career
<mask> was born in Aldershot, Hampshire: his father was serving there with the Scots Guards, eventually as a sergeant-major. His father had been born in Kinneff, Aberdeenshire, and his mother in Skye, each qualifying him to play for Scotland.After moving to Luton, Bedfordshire, at the age of 14, he joined his local side, Luton Town, turning professional in September 1964. He made his first team debut later that month, and his league debut in November 1964 in a 1–0 defeat at home to Southend United. He spent a couple of years establishing himself and was a regular member of the Luton team, scoring 24 goals, that won the Fourth Division title in 1968. He moved to Aston Villa in July 1969 for a fee of £100,000, then a record fee paid by a Second Division side. He won a League Cup runners up medal in 1971, Villa losing 2–0 to Tottenham Hotspur. He moved to Derby County in February 1974, winning a League Championship medal. He joined Everton in December 1976, but returned to Derby County in September 1977.After a dispute with the Derby manager, Tommy Docherty, Rioch had brief loan spells with Birmingham City in December 1978 and with Sheffield United in March 1979. He then left the Baseball Ground to play for NASL side Seattle Sounders. While playing with Seattle Sounders in 1980 he was named to the NASL First Team

masks:
Bruce David Rioch
Rioch


title: Bruce Rioch

texts:
 All-Stars. He returned to England in October 1980 when he joined Torquay United as player-coach, working at first under Mike Green and then under Frank O'Farrell. Managerial career

Torquay United
In July 1982, Rioch became player-manager of Torquay United, but left in January 1984. In February 1985, after 13 months out of the game he was appointed manager of FC Seattle, of the US Western Soccer Alliance, but resigned in September 1985 to return to England. Middlesbrough
He was appointed as manager of Middlesbrough in February 1986 and his first success in management came in 1987 when he guided Middlesbrough to runners-up spot in the Third Division and promotion to the Second Division at the end of a season which had started with them locked out of Ayresome Park by the official receiver and on the verge of bankruptcy.A year later they won a second successive promotion, this time as winners of the Second Division promotion/First Division relegation playoffs. Middlesbrough showed great promise in the first half of 1988–89, but fell away badly and were relegated on the last day of the season (despite having not occupied a relegation place prior to that). He was sacked the following March as the Teessiders hovered just above the Second Division drop zone but on the brink of their first ever Wembley final in the Zenith Data Systems Cup. Millwall
<mask> made a quick return to management the following month with Millwall and guided them to a playoff place in the 1990–91 Second Division campaign, but left in March 1992. Bolton Wanderers
Rioch's next stop was at Bolton Wanderers, becoming manager in May 1992. In his first season they beat cup holders Liverpool 2–0 at Anfield in an FA Cup replay which many fans feel was the start of Bolton's resurgence. They finished runners-up in Division Two and won promotion to Division One.The following year Bolton finished in a respectable mid-table position as well as beating Premier League opponents Arsenal, Everton


title: Bruce Rioch

texts:
 and Aston Villa in the F.A cup. In the 1994/95 season they were League Cup losing finalists to Liverpool and beat Reading 4–3 in extra time in the Division One playoff final after being 2–0 down at half time. The playoff final victory was <mask>'s last game as Bolton manager. A few weeks later he accepted the Arsenal manager's job and was replaced at Bolton by Roy McFarland. He is considered to be one of the best Bolton managers of all time by the club's supporters. Arsenal
In 1995–96, his only season at Arsenal, <mask> guided Arsenal to a UEFA Cup place, finishing fifth in the Premiership. It was achieved on the last day of the season, at the expense of Everton, Blackburn Rovers and Tottenham Hotspur.Arsenal also reached the League Cup semi-finals, but lost on away goals to Aston Villa, and were knocked out of the FA Cup in the third round by First Division side Sheffield United. Just before the beginning of the 1996–97 season, <mask> was sacked, after a dispute with the club's board of directors over transfer funds. <mask> was also known for his intensive training methods, according to former Arsenal player Adrian Clarke. Queens Park Rangers
After leaving Arsenal, he worked as assistant manager under Stewart Houston (his former assistant at Arsenal) at Queens Park Rangers, but was sacked along with Houston after just over a year at Loftus Road. Norwich City
In May 1998, <mask> was appointed manager of Norwich City in Division One. He resigned after less than two seasons at the helm after failing to get the Canaries anywhere near the promotion and playoff places that the club had long been hoping for. He cited a perceived lack of ambition at the club as the main reason for his decision to resign (he correctly predicted that the club's star player Craig Bellamy would inevitably be sold), however he also acknowledged that the club's uncertain financial position meant that the transfer funds available to him were limited.Wigan Athletic
Rioch made

masks: Rioch Rioch Rioch Rioch Rioch


title: Bruce Rioch

texts:
 a swift return to management with Wigan Athletic for the 2000–01 season. He won the Manager of the Month award for November 2000, but left the club the following February, as they occupied the Division Two play-off zone. The club said that <mask> had resigned, but he said he was dismissed. Odense Boldklub (OB)
<mask> was intent on returning from management, and was linked with the Derby County manager's job after John Gregory was sacked at the end of the 2002–03 season. But it was four years before he made his return to management. He was appointed as head coach of Danish Superliga side OB in June 2005. He led OB to a third place in his first season in charge, but decided to leave the club on 12 March 2007 due to his wife's illness, as the official explanation.The media, however, reported that the actual cause was a dispute between <mask> and the management of OB. Aalborg BK (AaB)
In June 2008, <mask> returned to management with Danish champions AaB after former head coach Erik Hamrén moved to Rosenborg BK. His first priority was to try to qualify AaB for the Champions League which they entered in the second qualifying round. He guided them into the group stage after defeating FK Modriča and FBK Kaunas. By beating Celtic, AaB came third and thus entered the UEFA Cup. <mask>, however, did not witness this victory from the bench: On 23 October 2008 he was dismissed as AaB had only two victories from ten games and were second from bottom of the Danish league. Later career

In November 2009, <mask> was linked with a return to football as manager of the Scotland national team, this following the departure of George Burley.In March 2010, he took training sessions at Cornish non-League club Falmouth Town, near his home. He later became involved with coaching at another Cornish club, Penryn Athletic of the South West Peninsula League. Honours

Player
Luton Town
Football League Fourth Division: 1967–68

Aston Villa
Football League Third Division:

masks: Rioch Rioch Rioch Rioch Rioch Rioch


title: Melanie McGuire

texts:
<mask> (née Slate; born October 8, 1972) is an American former nurse who was convicted of murdering her husband on April 28, 2004, in what media dubbed the "suitcase murder". She was sentenced to life in prison on July 19, 2007 and is serving her sentence at the Edna Mahan Correctional Facility for Women in Clinton, New Jersey. She will not be eligible for parole until she is 100 years old. Early life and education
<mask> grew up in Ridgewood and Middletown Township, New Jersey, attending Middletown High School South. She enrolled at Rutgers University with a double major in math and psychology and graduated in 1994. She graduated, second in her class, from the Charles E. Gregory School of Nursing (now Raritan Bay Medical Center) in 1997 with a nursing diploma. She married United States Navy veteran William T. "Bill<mask> (born September 21, 1964) in 1999.Murder
By April 2004, the <mask>s had been married for five years. <mask> was a nurse at a fertility clinic and Bill was a computer programmer. The couple had two sons and lived in a Woodbridge Township, New Jersey, apartment, but planned to move that month to a larger home in Warren County. They closed the documents on their new house on April 28, but never moved in. That night, according to the prosecution, <mask> drugged her husband, shot him dead, and subsequently dismembered his body. She put his remains into a 3-piece suitcase set, and those three pieces were later found dumped in Chesapeake Bay. Investigation
On May 5, the first suitcase, containing human legs, was found washed up in Virginia Beach, Virginia; a murder investigation was launched.On May 11, a second larger suitcase was found floating in the bay, containing a head and torso with two bullet wounds. The third and smallest suitcase, containing arms, was recovered on a beach on May 16. Police released a facial reconstruction sketch of the victim, which an acquaintance of <mask>'s recognized. <mask> then became the prime suspect in the investigation. Because the murder did not occur in Virginia,

masks:
Melanie Lyn McGuire
Melanie Lyn Slate
" McGuire
McGuire
Melanie
McGuire
Bill McGuire
Melanie


title: Melanie McGuire

texts:
 however, authorities turned over their investigation to the New Jersey State Police. During the investigation, incriminating evidence was uncovered against <mask>. On April 26, 2004, <mask> had purchased a .38 caliber handgun with unusual wadcutter bullets from a store in Easton, Pennsylvania; Bill had been killed with a .38 caliber handgun with wadcutter bullets.On April 30, Bill's 2002 Nissan Maxima was found outside the Flamingo Motel in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and police discovered a security video of the car being moved. <mask> later claimed she had moved the car as a "prank", even though she had applied for a protection from abuse order days earlier after being allegedly slapped by her husband. Police also learned that <mask> had been having a long-term affair with a co-worker named Bradley Miller. Her E-ZPass tag was recorded at a toll booth in Delaware two days after the murder; she claimed that this was the result of her going furniture shopping in Delaware since it has no sales tax. Before she was charged with murder, <mask> called E-ZPass and attempted to have the $0.90 charge removed from her account history. Days later, an unidentified man, believed by many to be her stepfather, also called and attempted to have the charge removed. The plastic bags that contained Bill's body parts were demonstrated by forensics to be from the same roll of bags that <mask> had in her home.The luggage that the body was found in matched a set that she had in her basement, which was missing the same size bags as those the body was found in. Further, fibers found in the body matched those from the type of sofa (now missing) that the couple had owned (indicating that a cushion had probably been used as a makeshift silencer). Similarly, a medical grade towel found with Bill's body matched those in the house and others stocked at the clinic <mask> worked in. Police believed that she used a syringe and prescription from her work to obtain the drug used as her means to incapacitate her husband. Trial
On June 2, 2005, more than

masks: Melanie Melanie Melanie Melanie Melanie Melanie Melanie


title: Melanie McGuire

texts: a year after the murder, <mask> dropped her children off at child care and preschool. After exiting the oldest child's school, <mask> started walking towards her vehicle when law enforcement emerged from the bushes, taking her into custody without incident. She was immediately booked into the Middlesex County Adult Correctional Center on first-degree murder charges, but made her $750,000 bail ($ million today).Through her attorneys, Joe Tacopina, Steve Turano, and Marc Ward, she pleaded not guilty to the charges. After being released on bail, <mask> faced additional charges on October 11, 2005. A four-count indictment came down from a state grand jury. Her bail was raised to $2.1 million ($ million today), but she was again released. More than a year later, on October 26, 2006, <mask> was charged with two counts of hindering apprehension for allegedly writing letters to police aimed at getting them off her trail. She again pleaded not guilty and was released after posting $10,000 bail. Almost three years after the crime, <mask>'s murder trial commenced at the Middlesex County Courthouse in New Brunswick on March 5, 2007.Prosecutors contended her motive for murder was to take up a new life with her lover. <mask> persisted in claiming she was innocent, and claimed her husband had become increasingly moody and unpredictable and was a compulsive gambler. On April 23, 2007, <mask>'s murder trial jury found her guilty of first-degree murder, finding that the evidence established her culpability for the murder beyond a reasonable doubt. She was also convicted of the lesser charges of perjury, desecration of human remains, and possession of a weapon for an unlawful purpose. However, <mask> was acquitted of the two counts of hindering apprehension, as well as tampering with evidence and possession of Xanax without prescription. Shortly after her conviction, but before sentencing, <mask> appealed for a new trial on the basis of the story of a jailhouse informant (Christopher Thieme) that her husband was deeply in debt and may

masks: Melanie Melanie Melanie McGuire McGuire McGuire McGuire McGuire McGuire


title: Melanie McGuire

texts:
 have been killed by Atlantic City mobsters. However, prosecutors established that the informant was "entirely incredible and routinely and habitually fabricates stories", according to a New Jersey State Police investigation, before recanting and accusing <mask>'s attorney of suborning perjury.With the story debunked, the request for a new trial was withdrawn. On July 19, 2007, at the age of 34, <mask> was sentenced to life in prison. Aftermath
During her arraignment on murder charges, <mask>'s case was dubbed the "Suitcase Murder" by various media outlets. Author John Glatt wrote a book about the case, entitled To Have and To Kill. The case has been profiled on television outlets: Snapped Oxygen Network; Dateline NBC; 48 Hours Mystery CBS;  and The Investigators TruTV; Deadly Affairs Investigation Discovery, and Forensic Files II, among other true crime television shows. <mask>'s conviction was affirmed by an appeals court on March 16, 2011. She must serve more than 63 years before she is eligible for parole.On September 20, 2011, the New Jersey Supreme Court declined to hear her further appeal. On April 29, 2014, <mask> filed a motion for post-conviction relief, alleging ineffective assistance of counsel and newly discovered evidence. On September 25, 2014, <mask> appeared in court with her new attorney Lois DeJulio, a public defender, to try to get a hearing that could overturn her 2007 murder conviction, on the grounds that her previous legal representation (by Joe Tacopina) was inadequate or ineffective. The request was subsequently denied. References

1972 births
American female murderers
American murderers
American female criminals
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
People convicted of murder by New Jersey
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by New Jersey
Living people
Middletown High School South alumni
People from Brick Township, New Jersey
People from Middletown Township, New Jersey
People from Woodbridge Township, New Jersey
Rutgers University alumni
Mariticides
21st-century American

masks: McGuire McGuire McGuire McGuire McGuire McGuire


title: Al Perez

texts:
<mask> (born July 23, 1960) is a retired American professional wrestler. He held 16 titles during a 20-year career, including the WCWA World Heavyweight Championship. Professional wrestling career

Early career
<mask> began wrestling as an amateur in high school and was one of the top athletes in his home state of Florida. He started professional wrestling in 1982. He wrestled in Southwest Championship Wrestling in Texas and formed a team in ICW with Joe Savoldi known as the "New York Rockers". He then worked for the World Wrestling Council in Puerto Rico where he teamed a lot with Joe Savoldi and later feuded with Invader l.

Mid South
In 1986 <mask> wrestled for Bill Watt's Mid-South Wrestling, and teamed with "Wildcat" Wendell Cooley and defeated the team of Steve" Dr. Death" Williams and Bruiser Bob Sweetan for the Mid-South Tag Team Championship. Sweetan was substituting for Ted DiBiase while DiBiase was touring Asia.World Class
<mask> went on to make a name for himself as "The Latin Heartthrob" in World Class Championship Wrestling in 1987, where he was the top heel for several months. He was managed by Gary Hart and feuded with Kevin Von Erich, Kerry Von Erich and Dingo Warrior. <mask> won the World Class Texas Championship after supposedly defeating previous champion Warrior in a phantom match in Puerto Rico on 21 June 1987. He later defeated Kevin Von Erich for the WCWA World Heavyweight Championship by forfeit. On 25 December 1987 he successfully defended the title in a steel cage match against Kerry Von Erich, recently returned from a 1986 motorcycle accident. Hart and Von Erich's father Fritz were supposed to be handcuffed together

masks:
Al Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez


title: Al Perez

texts:
 but after Fritz was attacked by several heels and afterwards (kayfabe) collapsed with a suspected heart attack, Hart alone was handdcuffed to the ropes. A distraught (kayfabe) Von Erich nonetheless went ahead with the title challenge.<mask> managed to smash Von Erich's head into the handcuffs to score the pinfall win. Von Erich later defeated <mask> for the title. <mask> and Hart left for Jim Crockett Promotions. Jim Crockett Promotions (NWA) and PWF
In 1988, <mask> moved to the National Wrestling Alliance's Jim Crockett Promotions with Hart and teamed with Larry Zbyszko along with feuding with Nikita Koloff and Dusty Rhodes. In 1989 he wrestled for Dusty Rhodes' Professional Wrestling Federation based in Florida. He won the PWF Florida Heavyweight Title, defeating Mike Graham for the title. He later lost the title to Dustin Rhodes.World Wrestling Federation
<mask> signed with WWF and made his debut on October 2, 1989 with a win over George South in a dark match at a WWF Superstars taping in Wheeling, WV. <mask> was undefeated the first month, wrestling primarily on C shows against Barry Horowitz and The Brooklyn Brawler. His first loss would come against Boris Zukhov on November 13, 1989 in Roanoke, VA. <mask> would then continue to wrestle primarily on the undercard, although in one Prime Time Wrestling show host Gorilla Monsoon made mention of a possible tag-team pairing of <mask> and Santana. <mask> was primarily seen on house shows and Prime Time Wrestling. Despite sustaining losses to the likes of Hercules and Tito Santana, <mask> had many wins over wrestlers such as Paul Roma, Jim Powers, The Red Rooster, Koko B. Ware, "Bullet" Bob

masks:
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Al Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez
Perez


title: Al Perez

texts:
 Bradley, Paul Diamond/Kato, Jim Brunzell, and others. His last WWF match was a win over Jim Powers on July 23, 1990 in West Palm Beach, FL. World Championship Wrestling
On September 5, 1990, <mask> competed as The Black Scorpion, wrestling Sting in a losing effort at Clash of Champions XII.According to Ric Flair, <mask> was always meant to be The Black Scorpion, but quit after finding out he was going to lose. However <mask> would wrestle one more match as The Scorpion at a house show in Chicago, IL on September 30. Global Wrestling Federation

<mask> reached the finals of a tournament to crown the first GWF North American Heavyweight Champion before losing to The Patriot at the promotion's debut show on 10 August 1991 in Dallas, Texas. However, because <mask>'s feet were under the ropes when he was pinned, the Patriot, as a matter of conscience (kayfabe) refused the victory and vacated the title, defeating <mask> cleanly in a rematch on 23 August 1991. <mask> was (kayfabe) so impressed with his opponent's integrity and sportsmanship that he changed his ways and became a babyface once again. Later career
<mask> traveled to All Japan Wrestling and teamed with Dory Funk Jr against Dan Kroffat & Doug Furnas on December 6, 1991. He would wrestle in tag-team matches for All Japan again in 1993 and 1994.During the 90s <mask> also competed in several independent promotions around the United States, including a return to Liberty All-Star Wrestling (LAW) in 2001, where he beat Jimmy Jannetty for the LAW Heavyweight title before retiring from the business in 2002. Championships and accomplishments
Championship Wrestling from Florida
FCW Heavyweight

masks: Perez Perez Perez Perez Perez Perez Perez Perez Perez


title: Al Perez

texts:
 Championship (1 time)
PWF Florida Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
Mid-South Wrestling
Mid-South Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Wendell Cooley
NWA New Zealand
NWA Australasian Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Mark Lewin
NWA New Zealand British Commonwealth Championship (2 times)
Pro Wrestling Illustrated
PWI ranked him # 272 of the 500 best singles wrestlers during the "PWI Years" in 2003. Southwest Championship Wrestling
SCW Southwest Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Manny Fernandez
 Supreme Wrestling Federation
SWF Tag Team championship (1 time) - with Paul Orndorff
Texas Wrestling Federation
TWF Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
Western States Sports
NWA Western States Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Dennis Stamp
World Class Wrestling Association
NWA Texas Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WCWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Council
WWC North American Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WWC Puerto Rico Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Joe Savoldi

References

External links
<mask> at Online World of Wrestling

1960 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Sportspeople from Tampa,


title: Duanfang

texts:
<mask> (; 20 April 1861 – 27 November 1911), courtesy name Wuqiao (), was a Manchu politician, educator and collector who lived in the late Qing dynasty. He was a member of the Tohoro () clan and the Plain White Banner of the Eight Banners. Life
Duanfang was actually Han Chinese even though he was under a Manchu banner. Some Han Chinese joined Manchu banners directly, instead of joining the separate Han Chinese banners. Han Chinese in the Manchu banners became Manchucized. The Manchu White Banner were joined by some Zhejiang Han Chinese with the family name Tao who defected to the Manchus towards the end of the Ming dynasty. Their last name was changed to the Manchu sounding "Tohoro".Duanfang was one of their descendants. The Manchu bannermen typically used their first/personal name to address themselves and not their last name, while Han bannermen used their last name and first in normal Chinese custom. Duanfang followed the Manchu custom. Duanfang passed the Imperial Examination in 1882 during the reign of the Guangxu Emperor, and then served as a yuanwailang () before being promoted to langzhong (). He supported the 1898 Hundred Days' Reform, but when it failed, he was protected by Ronglu and Li Lianying and was not implicated. The Qing government established the agriculture, commerce, and trade bureau in Beijing, and Duanfang was placed in charge of the bureau. Empress Dowager Cixi awarded Duanfang with an official cap of the third rank.Duanfang purchased a batch of animals from Germany for the Beijing Zoo. Since then, Duanfang took the post


title: Duanfang

texts:
 and on December 19 in the afternoon transfer to an American cruise to Japan. They visited Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Austria, and Russia, returning in August the following year. After their return, Duanfang gave a summary of their inspection, advocating strongly that the main source of study should be on the Japanese Meiji Restoration, and as fast as possible formulate the Qing Empire's Constitution.After returning to China, Duanfang served as Viceroy of Liangjiang. In 1909, he became Governor of Zhili. Due to photographs being taken at the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi, Duanfang was dismissed from office. The Nanyang industrial exposition took place while Duanfang was Nanyang chancellor (). On May 18, 1911, Duanfang was appointed as the Chuanhan and Yuehan railroad's superintendent. The Railway Protection Movement erupted over the nationalization of local railroad construction and their transfer to foreign banks. Duanfang arrived in Hankou on July 14.On September 7, due to a murder in Chengdu, the situation of Sichuan spiraled out of control, eventually resulting in the Xinhai Revolution. On September 10, the Qing imperial court removed Zhao Erfeng as governor of Sichuan, and <mask> became the acting governor, he led the Hubei New Army into Sichuan. The new army mutinied on November 27, and officer Liu Yifeng killed Duanfang, as part of a general wave of anti Manchu violence during the revolution. Educational achievements
Duanfang is one of the founders of China's modern education,


title: Alicia de Larrocha

texts:
<mask> (23 May 192325 September 2009) was a Spanish pianist and composer. She was considered one of the great piano legends of the 20th century. Reuters called her "the greatest Spanish pianist in history", Time "one of the world's most outstanding pianists", and The Guardian "the leading Spanish pianist of her time". She won multiple Grammy Awards and a Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts. She is credited with bringing greater popularity to the compositions of Isaac Albéniz and Enrique Granados. In 1995, she became the first Spanish artist to win the UNESCO Prize. Life and career
<mask> was born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.She began studying piano with Frank Marshall at the age of three. Both her parents were pianists and she was also the niece of pianists. She gave her first public performance at the age of five at the International Exposition in Barcelona. She performed her first concert at the age of six at the World's Fair in Seville in 1929, and had her orchestral debut at the age of 11. By 1943, her performances were selling out in Spain. She began touring internationally in 1947, and in 1954 toured North America with the Los Angeles Philharmonic. In 1966, she engaged in a first tour of Southern Africa which proved so wildly popular that three further tours were completed In 1969, <mask> performed in Boston for the Peabody Mason Concert series.<mask>, writes Jed Distler, "started composing at age seven and continued on and off until her 30th year, with a

masks:
Alicia de Larrocha y de la Calle
Alicia de Larrocha
de Larrocha
De Larrocha


title: Alicia de Larrocha

texts:
 prolific spurt in her late teens," and while she never performed her works in public, she gave her family the choice of making them available after her death, which they have done. <mask> made numerous recordings of the solo piano repertoire and in particular the works of composers of her native Spain. She is best known for her recordings of the music of <mask> Falla, Enrique Granados, <mask>u, and Isaac Albéniz, as well as her 1967 recordings of Antonio Soler's keyboard sonatas. She recorded for Hispavox, CBS/Columbia/Epic, BMG/RCA and London/Decca, winning her first Grammy Award in 1975 and her last one in 1992, at the age of almost seventy. She received the Prince of Asturias Award for the Arts in 1994. <mask> spoke in a 1978 interview with Contemporary Keyboard,
I don't believe there is a 'best' of anything in this life. I would say, though, that Granados was one of the great Spanish composers, and that, in my opinion, he was the only one that captured the real Romantic flavor.His style was aristocratic, elegant and poetic – completely different from Falla and Albéniz. To me, each of them is a different world. Falla was the one who really captured the spirit of the Gypsy music. And Albéniz, I think was more international than the others. Even though his music is Spanish in flavor, his style is completely Impressionistic. Less than five feet tall and with small hands for a pianist, spanning an interval of barely a tenth on the keyboard, in her younger years she was

masks:
De Larrocha
Manuel de
Federico Mompo
De Larrocha


title: Alicia de Larrocha

texts:
 nonetheless able to tackle all the big concertos (all five by Beethoven, Liszt's No. 1, Brahms's No.2, Rachmaninoff's Nos. 2 and 3, both of Ravel's, and those of Prokofiev, Bartók, Bliss and Khachaturian, and many more), as well as the wide spans demanded by the music of Granados, Albéniz, and <mask>a. She had a "long fifth finger" and a "wide stretch between thumb and index finger" which enhanced her technical ability. "She made her first recordings, of Chopin, at age 9, her feet not yet able to reach the pedals" and was considered a great interpreter of Chopin. As she grew older she began to play a different style of music; more Mozart and Beethoven were featured in her recitals and she became a regular guest at the "Mostly Mozart Festival" of the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York. In 2001, she was named Honorary Member of the Foundation for Iberian Music at The City University of New York. <mask> retired from public performance in October 2003, aged 80, following a 76-year career.<mask> <mask> died on 25 September 2009 in Quiron Hospital, Barcelona, aged 86. She had been in declining health since breaking her hip five years previously. Her husband, the pianist Juan Torra, with whom she had two children, had died in 1982. List of awards and nominations
<mask> won several individual awards throughout her lifetime. Her extended discography has been recognized with 14 Grammy nominations (1967, 1971, 1974,1975 (x2), 1977 (x2), 1982 (x2), 1984, 1988, 1990,

masks:
de Fall
De Larrocha
Alicia de
Larrocha
De Larrocha


title: Shelley Kerr

texts:
<mask>  (born 15 October 1969) is a Scottish football manager and former player who is currently the English Football Association's technical lead for women's national teams. As a player <mask> was a powerful centre back, who captained Scotland as well as clubs including Kilmarnock and Hibernian. During her playing career, <mask> won every domestic honour in Scotland and played in the UEFA Women's Cup. She won 59 caps for Scotland between 1989 and 2008, scoring three goals. As a manager, <mask> gained experience at Kilmarnock, Hibernian and Spartans while progressing through the Scottish Football Association's (SFA) Long-term Player Development pathway, eventually taking charge of the Scotland women's under-19 national team in 2009. She gained the UEFA Pro Licence in January 2013, shortly before leaving the SFA for Arsenal. She led Arsenal to an FA Women's Cup and Continental Cup double in 2013, and a second FA Cup in 2014.After a stint with the Stirling University men's team, <mask> managed the Scotland women's team. She guided Scotland to their first appearance in a Women's World Cup finals, but left after they failed to qualify for the following European Championship. Playing career

Club career
<mask> participated in football at school and Edinburgh Dynamo were her first football club. In 2001–02 <mask>o's. In summer 2002 she moved to league champions Kilmarnock, ahead of the inaugural Scottish Women's Premier League season. In September 2002 <mask> made her UEFA Women's Cup debut in a 0–0 draw with CSK. In January 2005 <mask> and compatriot Nicky Grant signed for struggling English FA Women's Premier League club Doncaster Rovers Belles, both making their debuts in a 3–1 home defeat by Charlton Athletic.<mask> and Grant scored in the Belles' 2–0 win over Bristol City to help the club avoid relegation. International career
<mask> made her senior Scotland debut against the

masks:
Michelle Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerriulian
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr
Kerr


title: Shelley Kerr

texts:
 "Auld Enemy" England, a 3–0 friendly defeat at Starks Park, Kirkcaldy in April 1989. <mask> stopped playing football for around nine years, during which she gave birth to her daughter. Returning to the game in her early thirties, she trained hard to win back her place in the Scotland team. In May 2001, <mask> was named in coach Vera Pauw's Scotland squad for a friendly with the Netherlands at Almondvale Stadium. She was listed as a Heart of Midlothian LFC player. Following her comeback, <mask> later intended to quit national team duty after a tour of Cyprus in 2007, but was persuaded by coach Anna Signeul to return for the UEFA Women's Euro 2009 qualifying campaign.Prior to the home fixture against Ukraine at McDiarmid Park in May 2008, presentations were made to <mask>, Megan Sneddon and Suzanne Grant who had all reached the milestone of 50 appearances for their country. <mask> retired from international football, at 39 years old, after the away leg of Scotland's eventual away goals defeat by Russia in Nalchik on 30 October 2008, in the qualifying play-off. It was reported that this had been her 58th and final cap. In an interview with She Kicks in May 2010, <mask> attested to a total of 59 appearances. As of 2019, she held Scottish national records for the oldest player (39 years, 15 days) and the longest span of appearances (19 years, 183 days between first and last caps). Coaching career
<mask> took her first coaching course at the Inverclyde NTSC in 1989. When Jim Chapman resigned as manager of Kilmarnock Ladies in 2004, <mask> took the team's training sessions in the opening months of the 2004–05 season.She did not want the job on a permanent basis and was keen for someone else to take over. After <mask>'s playing career took her to Doncaster Rovers Belles, then back to Scotland with Hibernian, she took over as Hibs' player–coach under manager Maggie Wilson in

masks: Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr


title: Shelley Kerr

texts: 2007–08. That season she captained the club to a Scottish Women's Cup and Scottish Women's Premier League Cup double. In June 2008 <mask> left Hibernian for a player–manager role at their Edinburgh rivals Spartans. Having previously worked as a Regional Development Officer for the Scottish Football Association (SFA), <mask> was appointed Technical and Development Programme Manager for Girls and Women's Football in 2009. The women's under–19 national team came under <mask>'s remit and she steered them to the 2010 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship finals. Increasing commitments with the SFA meant that <mask> resigned as Spartans manager in April 2010.<mask> was awarded the UEFA Pro Licence in January 2013. On 1 February 2013 she was "extremely excited" to be announced as Laura Harvey's successor as manager of Arsenal Ladies. The club under her management won the FA Women's Cup and Continental Cup and finished third in the league during the 2013 season. After a poor run of form which saw the club gain only one point from the opening four league matches of the 2014 season, exit the Champions League to Birmingham and suffer a shock loss to Reading in the League Cup, <mask> decided to resign. <mask>'s final game in charge of Arsenal was the 2014 FA Women's Cup final which her team won 2–0 against Everton. On 19 August 2014 <mask> was appointed as manager of the Lowland Football League team Stirling University. <mask>'s appointment was the first time at that level in the United Kingdom a woman has been named as manager of a men's club.She led the team to consistent top five league finishes and the British Universities Championship final in 2014–15, but lost 1–0 to Hartpury University. <mask> also established an under 20 programme as a pathway to the full team for players in her time in charge. On 3 April 2017, <mask> was appointed the head coach of the Scotland women's national

masks: Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr


title: Shelley Kerr

texts:
 team. Under her management, Scotland qualified for the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup. <mask> left the position by mutual consent in December 2020, after the team failed to qualify for UEFA Women's Euro 2021. Style of play
Anna Signeul, <mask>'s manager at international level, described her as a "really British central defender" in respect of "toughness on the pitch, and for her ability to communicate verbally and direct the other players." Writing in the Scotland on Sunday newspaper in 2002, sports journalist Moira Gordon praised <mask> as "uncompromising and tenacious".She summarised <mask> as: "A tough player both mentally and physically, she is good in the air and also with the ball at her feet, and times her tackles well." Career statistics

International goals
Results list Scotland's goal tally first. Managerial record

Honours
Appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2019 Birthday Honours for services to football. Honorary degree from the University of Stirling. Player
Hibernian
Scottish Women's Premier League: 2007
Scottish Cup: 2007, 2008

Manager
Arsenal
FA Women's Cup: 2013, 2014
FA WSL Cup: 2013

Stirling University
Queen's Park Shield: 2016–17

Scotland Women
The Pinatar Cup: 2020

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Broxburn, West Lothian
Scottish women's footballers
Scotland women's international footballers
Doncaster Rovers Belles L.F.C. players
Hibernian W.F.C. players
F.C.Kilmarnock Ladies players
FA Women's Super League managers
Arsenal W.F.C. managers
Female association football managers
Scotland women's national football team managers
Women's association football defenders
Scottish Women's Premier League managers
Scottish Women's Premier League players
Hibernian W.F.C. managers
Scottish football managers
Spartans W.F.C. players
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup managers
Members of the Order of the

masks: Kerr Kerr Kerr Kerr


title: Robert Joseph Bandoni

texts:
<mask> (11 November 1926 – 5 May 2009) was a mycologist who specialized on the taxonomy and morphology of the heterobasidiomycetes (“jelly fungi”). During his 50 years as professor at the University of British Columbia, he wrote over 80 scientific publications as well as several books. He was awarded the title of Professor Emeritus in 1989. In 1990 the Canadian Botanical Association awarded him with the prestigious George Lawson Medal. <mask> died on May 18, 2009, in Vancouver, British Columbia, after suffering a stroke. Biography
<mask> "Bob<mask> was born November 9, 1926 in Weeks, Nevada to Giuseppe and <mask>. He went to high school in Hawthorne, Nevada and received a Bachelor of Science from the University of Nevada in 1953.He then studied under George Willard Martin at the University of Iowa and received his Ph.D. in 1957. The title of his thesis was: "Taxonomic studies of the genus Tremella (Tremellaceae). That same year, he received the Gertrude S. Burlingham Fellowship at the New York Botanical Garden and became assistant professor of Botany at the University of Wichita. In 1958 <mask> joined the Botany faculty at the University of British Columbia (UBC). He helped found the Vancouver Mycological Society in the 1970s. He was awarded the status of professor

masks:
Robert Joseph Bandoni
Bandoni
Robert
" Joseph Bandoni
Albina Bandoni
Bandoni


title: Robert Joseph Bandoni

texts:
 emeritus in 1989. <mask> died on May 18, 2009 from a stroke.Mycological and botanical contributions
<mask> mainly studied the heterobasidiomycetes, commonly known as the "Jelly Fungi". His early publications were of a classical taxonomical nature, writing descriptions of the macro- and micro-morphology via the light microscope. In the early 1970s <mask> started studying aquatic fungi that occur in terrestrial environments. He published a paper in the journal Science that explained how spores can travel upwards on a monolayer of water on a leaf surface. In the 1980s <mask> collaborated with Franz Oberwinkler and colleagues at the University of Tübingen to produce over 20 papers on the Jelly Fungi and allies. They described new species, genera, families and orders. They used TEM and SEM micrographs to investigate the significance of septal pore structures, began revising the classical phylogenetic classification and to demonstrate parasitism between Jelly Fungi and other fungi.<mask> collaborated with mycologists in Japan and other Asian countries. He was research fellow in 1983 at the University of Tsukuba and spent a sabbatical year at the University of Osaka. He wrote two field guides to Thailand mushrooms. <mask> contributed to multiple publications on taxonomy in the

masks: Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni


title: Robert Joseph Bandoni

texts:
 Jelly Fungi up until his death. In addition to scientific publications, <mask> also contributed to several influential books. He contributed to Plant diversity: An evolutionary approach; a book written by the UBC Botany Faculty that "put the Botany Department onto the North American textbook bestseller list for almost a decade". He also contributed to the 570 page textbook Nonvascular plants: An evolutionary survey.In 1964 he co-authored with Adam Szczawinski a field guide titled Guide to common mushrooms of British Columbia. Taxa described

 Achroomyces abditus	(Bandoni) Hauerslev	1993
 Agaricostilbum hyphaenes	(Har. & Pat.) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Aleurodiscus gigasporus	Ginns & Bandoni	1991
 Aleurodiscus subglobosporus	Ginns & Bandoni	1991
 Atractiella columbiana	Bandoni & Inderb. 2002
 Atractiella delectans	(Möller) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractiella solani	(Cohn & J.Schröt.) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractiellales	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractogloea	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Atractogloea stillata	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Bullera aurantiaca	B.N. Johri & Bandoni	1984
 Bullera globispora	B.N.Johri & Bandoni	1984
 Bullera miyagiana	Nakase, Itoh, Takem. & Bandoni	1990
 Bullera salicina	B.N. Johri & Bandoni	1984
 Calacogloea	Oberw. & Bandoni	1991
 Calacogloea peniophorae	Oberw.


title: Robert Joseph Bandoni

texts:
 & Bandoni	1991
 Carcinomyces	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Carcinomyces effibulatus	(Ginns & Sunhede) Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Carcinomyces mycetophilus	(Peck) Oberw.& Bandoni	1982
 Carcinomycetaceae	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Chionosphaera phylaciicola	(Seifert & Bandoni) R. Kirschner & Oberw. 2001
 Chionosphaeraceae	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Christiansenia subgen. Carcinomyces	(Oberw. & Bandoni) F. Rath	1991
 Cladoconidium	Bandoni & Tubaki	1985
 Cladoconidium articulatum	<mask> & Tubaki	1985
 Colacogloea	Oberw. & Bandoni	1991
 Colacogloea allantospora	Ginns & Bandoni	2002
 Colacogloea peniophorae	(Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw.& Bandoni	1991
 Cystofilobasidiaceae	K. Wells & Bandoni	2001
 Cystofilobasidium	Oberw. & Bandoni	1983
 Cystofilobasidium bisporidii	(Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw. & Bandoni	1983
 Cystofilobasidium bisporidiis	(Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw. & Bandoni	1983
 Cystofilobasidium capitatum	(Fell, I.L. Hunter & Tallman) Oberw.& <mask>	1983
 Dacrymyces aquaticus	<mask> & G.C. Hughes	1984
 Dioszegia aurantiaca	(B.N. Johri & Bandoni) M. Takash., T. Deák & Nakase	2001
 Entomocorticium	H.S. Whitney, Bandoni & Oberw. 1987
 Entomocorticium dendroctoni	H.S. Whitney, Bandoni & Oberw.1987
 Exidiopsis paniculata	K. Wells & Bandoni	1987
 Exidiopsis punicea	K. Wells &

masks: Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni


title: Robert Joseph Bandoni

texts:
 Bandoni	1987
 Fibulobasidium	Bandoni	1979
 Fibulobasidium inconspicuum	Bandoni	1979
 Fibulobasidium sirobasidioides	Bandoni	1998
 Fibulostilbum phylacicola	Seifert & Bandoni	1992
 Fibulostilbum phylaciicola	Seifert & Bandoni	1992
 Filobasidium elegans	Bandoni & Oberw. 1991
 Filobasidium globisporum	<mask> & Oberw. 1991
 Galzinia culmigena	(R.K. Webster & D.A. Reid) B.N. Johri & Bandoni	1975
 Helicobasidium corticioides	Bandoni	1955
 Herpobasidium australe	Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Ingoldiella nutans	Bandoni & Marvanová	1989
 Insolibasidium	Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Insolibasidium deformans	(C.J.Gould) Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Mycogloea amethystina	Bandoni	1998
 Mycogloea bullatospora	Bandoni	1998
 Mycogloea nipponica	Bandoni	1998
 Myxarium allantosporum	K. Wells & Bandoni	2004
 Naiadella	Marvanová & Bandoni	1987
 Naiadella fluitans	Marvanová & Bandoni	1987
 Platygloea abdita	<mask>	1959
 Platygloea jacksonii	<mask> & J.C. Krug	2000
 Pleotrachelus itersoniliae	(D.J.S. Barr & Bandoni) M.W. Dick	2001
 Pseudozyma	Bandoni emend. Boekhout	1985
 Pseudozyma prolifica	Bandoni	1985
 Ptechetelium	Oberw. & Bandoni	1984
 Ptechetelium cyatheae	(Syd.) Oberw.& Bandoni	1984
 Rozella itersoniliae	D.J.S. Barr & Bandoni	1980
 Sigmogloea	<mask> & J.C. Krug	2000
 Sigmogloea tremelloidea	Bandoni &

masks: Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni


title: Robert Joseph Bandoni

texts:
 J.C. Krug	2000
 Sirotrema	Bandoni	1986
 Sirotrema parvula	Bandoni	1986
 Sirotrema pusilla	Bandoni	1986
 Sirotrema translucens	(H.D. Gordon) Bandoni	1986
 Sporobolomyces lactophilus	Nakase, Itoh, M. Suzuki & Bandoni	1990
 Sporobolomyces salicinus	(B.N. Johri & Bandoni) Nakase & Itoh	1988
 Stilbotulasnella	Oberw. & Bandoni	1982
 Stilbotulasnella conidiophora	<mask> & Oberw. 1982
 Tetragoniomyces	Oberw. & Bandoni	1981
 Tetragoniomyces uliginosus	(P.Karst.) Oberw. & Bandoni	1981
 Tetragoniomycetaceae	Oberw. & Bandoni	1981
 Tilletiaria	<mask> & B.N. Johri	1972
 Tilletiaria anomala	<mask> & B.N. Johri	1972
 Tremella armeniaca	<mask> & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella aurantialba	<mask> & M. Zang	1990
 Tremella guttaeformis	(Berk. & Broome) Bandoni	1961
 Tremella guttiformis	(Berk.& Broome) Bandoni	1961
 Tremella lilacea	Bandoni & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella mesenterella	Bandoni & Ginns	1999
 Tremella nigrifacta	Bandoni & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella phaeographidis	Diederich, Coppins & Bandoni	1996
 Tremella roseolutescens	Bandoni & J. Carranza	1997
 Tremella subencephala	Bandoni & Ginns	1993
 Tremellina	Bandoni	1986
 Tremellina pyrenophila	Bandoni	1986
 Trimorphomyces	Bandoni & Oberw. 1983
 Trimorphomyces papilionaceus	Oberw. & Bandoni	1983

Honors and memberships
 Gertrude S.

masks: Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni Bandoni


title: Sol Brodsky

texts:
<mask> (April 22, 1923 – June 4, 1984) was an American comic book artist who, as Marvel Comics' Silver Age production manager, was one of the key architects of the small company's expansion to a major pop culture conglomerate. He later rose to vice president, operations and vice president, special projects. "<mask> was really my right-hand man for years", described Marvel editor and company patriarch Stan Lee. Brodsky worked primarily behind the scenes, uncredited. His accomplishments include co-creating, with letterer Artie Simek, the long-familiar logo of The Amazing Spider-Man, as well as other Marvel logos still in use in the mid-2000s. He was belatedly credited after decades as the inker of Jack Kirby's pencil art for The Fantastic Four #3-4 (March–May 1962) and many other landmark comics. Lee described <mask> as "my assistant for years and the company's production head.He could write, he could draw, he could ink — he could do everything." Biography

Early life and career

Born in Brooklyn, New York City, New York, the son of Abraham and <mask>, <mask> was the eldest among siblings Leonard, Ted, and Faye. Determined early in life to pursue cartooning, he took a job sweeping floors at Archie Comics in order to break into the industry. A 1985 tribute feature in the Marvel promotional magazine Marvel Age (pictured above) cites his comic-art debut at age 17 in 1940 "in the comic V-Man" (sic; the comic was actually titled V •••—, using Morse Code, and in any event,  the two issues of that Fox Comics title starring the superhero V-Man were cover-dated January and March 1942).

masks:
Soloman Brodsky
Sol
Brodsky
Dora Brodsky
Sol Brodsky


title: Sol Brodsky

texts:
 <mask>'s earliest confirmed comics credit is inking a six-page Volton story in Holyoke Publishing's Cat-Man Comics vol. 3, #2, a.k.a. #12 (July 1942).That year <mask> began his long, if initially intermittent, association with Marvel, writing and drawing four one-page "Inky Dinky" gag strips in Mystic Comics #10 (Aug. 1942) and an additional one in Comedy Comics #11 (Sept. 1952), for the company's 1940s predecessor, Timely Comics. His earliest known cover art is for Holyoke's Blue Beetle #17 (Dec. 1942). <mask> served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II, advancing to the rank of corporal. The Marvel Age article reports he was stationed on the USS Fairfax, but that destroyer was decommissioned to become the British Royal Navy ship HMS Richmond on November 26, 1940, more than a year before the US entered the war. Upon his return from military service, Brodsky created the feature "Red Cross" in Holyoke's aviation series Captain Aero Comics, where it ran as a backup from issues #21-25 (Dec. 1944 - Feb. 1946). Fellow comics artist Allen Bellman recalled in 2005, "<mask> and I were close friends. We both lived in Brooklyn and I was already married.... When Roz and I were married, we moved to the Jersey shore area of Asbury Park, and <mask> and his wife visited us often. He was a warm, good-natured person." <mask> married Selma Cohen on November 28, 1948. Their first child, Janice, was born August 7, 1952, and son Gary on March 18, 1957. Atlas Comics
Brodsky in late 1950 or early 1951 — the exact date uncertain due to his work often going unsigned, in the manner of

masks: Brodsky Brodsky Brodsky Sol Sol Brodsky


title: Sol Brodsky

texts: the times — began penciling and inking for Marvel's 1950s forerunner, Atlas Comics. He is tentatively credited as cover artist of Marvel Boy #1-2 (Dec. 1950 - Feb.1951), and confirmably credited through the '50s for covers and occasional stories in issues of Atlas' horror/suspense titles Adventures into Weird Worlds, Strange Tales, and Uncanny Tales; the Westerns Kid Colt, Outlaw, Gunsmoke Western, Western Outlaws, and Wild Western; the satiric Crazy; and such miscellaneous genre titles as  Sports Action and Spy Fighters.He also drew the cover of Sub-Mariner Comics #34 (June 1954). After an Atlas reorganization , publisher Martin Goodman eliminated all his comics-division staff except for editor-in-chief Stan Lee. Freelance cartoonist and later longtime Marvel colorist and Millie the Model artist Stan Goldberg recalled, "They needed someone on production to handle things since there was no real staff. I would come in a couple of days a week to help out, but I had a lot of my own freelance stuff, so I couldn't do much. Stan got in touch with <mask>. Stan was a one-man department, and with <mask> it became a two-man department." As Lee elaborated, "<mask> and I were the whole staff of Atlas Comics.I bought the art and scripts and <mask> did all the production. My job was mainly talking to the artists and the writers and telling them I wanted the stuff done. <mask> did ... the corrections, making sure everything looked right, making sure things went to the engraver and he also talked to the printer. He was really the production manager. And then little by little we built things

masks: Sol Sol Sol Sol Sol


title: Sol Brodsky

texts:
 back up again." During a 1957 economic entrenchment at the company, Goodman again fired the staff, except for Lee. <mask> teamed with friend and fellow comic artist Mike Esposito to attempt launching a publishing company.Neither Brodsky's magazine prototypes, which included a rock and roll fan magazine, nor his travel kits for children, containing things to draw, play, and stay amused with during trips, found an investor. <mask> had much more success with a series of promotional comic books he created and produced for the Big Boy restaurant chain. Lee would script the majority of these. Brodsky also produced promotional comics for Bird's Eye frozen foods, featuring talking vegetables. In 1958, Brodsky became founding editor of the satirical magazine Cracked. Marvel Comics
Until leaving Cracked in 1964 to become Marvel's production manager, <mask> was concurrently freelancing for Marvel, inking The Fantastic Four #3 (the issue that introduced the team's costumes and other mythos sui generis) and #4 (the return of the Golden Age antihero the Sub-Mariner), among other covers/interiors. As Marvel began to expand with the success of Fantastic Four, The Amazing Spider-Man and other titles, <mask>'s organizational skills and easygoing manner led Lee, by now a friend for several years, to offer him the newly created, formal position of production manager in 1964.When artist Bill Everett, on his return to Marvel after many years in commercial art, turned in Daredevil #1 (April 1964) extremely late, <mask> and Spider-Man artist Steve Ditko inked "a lot of backgrounds and secondary

masks: Brodsky Brodsky Brodsky Brodsky Brodsky


title: Sol Brodsky

texts:
 figures on the fly [and] cobbled the cover and the splash page together from Kirby's original concept drawing." Roy Thomas described the Marvel offices in 1965 as "just three or four little rooms. Stan's office was as big as everything else put together, and <mask>, [secretary/receptionist] Flo Steinberg, and [artist/colorist/production person] Marie Severin were crowded into two other little rooms." Some Marvel humor comics with art credited to <mask> may not have been his work. As comics historian Mark Evanier notes:

<mask> spent a few months away from Marvel in the early 1970s, when he and Israel Waldman co-founded Skywald Publications — the company name composed of truncated versions of their last names. Sometime before May 19, 1978 — the date of a letter, put up for auction years later, that he had sent to a Marvel fan — his title had become vice president, operations. Later, as vice president, special projects, he oversaw Marvel UK, Marvel Books, and other brand expansions.One-time Marvel editor-in-chief Jim Shooter recalled in 2011 that after Skywald went defunct, "<mask> needed a job, and approached Stan [Lee], but a new Production Manager had been hired in <mask>’s absence — John Verpoorten. Stan convinced the [then-parent company] Cadence [Industries] board to create a new position for <mask>, 'V.P. of Operations'. Essentially, he was Stan's right-hand man again." Al Hewetson, who succeeded <mask> as editor of Skywald, disputes this, recalling in 2004 that <mask> had told him, "Marvel has made me an offer to go back and develop their overseas syndication, and I'm

masks:
Sol Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Sol
Sol
Sol
Brodsky
Brodsky


title: Sol Brodsky

texts:
 going to do it. This is a big opportunity." <mask>'s last credited issues as editor and Hewetson's first are cover-dated August 1972; Skywald's final magazines are cover-dated October 1974.A fictionalized <mask> is among the beachgoers gathered 'round the unconscious Namor in penciler Marie Severin's splash page for The Sub-Mariner #19 (Nov. 1969). As an in-joke, Severin had drawn the Marvel staff (as well as three personal friends) as onlookers. <mask> is the man in the Hawaiian shirt at lower right, gesturing to the police (and standing in front of a cigar-smoking Mike Esposito). A fictionalized <mask> also appeared alongside Lee, Kirby and Steinberg — all transformed into a Marvel Bullpen version of the Fantastic Four — in the alternate-reality comic What If Vol. 1, #11 (Oct. 1978). Written and drawn by Kirby, the odd tale featured <mask> as the Human Torch. <mask>'s son Gary founded the short-lived, 1980s independent-comics company Solson Publications, which published an issue of the T.H.U.N.D.E.R.Agents update T.H.U.N.D.E.R., by writer Michael Sawyer and artist James E. Lyle, plus the short-lived "super-president" spoof series Reagan's Raiders. <mask>'s daughter, Janice Cohen, has been a Marvel colorist. Occasional 1970s Marvel writer Allyn <mask>, who served as assistant to editor-in-chief Stan Lee, following Al Hewetson, is not related. Audio
Audio of Merry Marvel Marching Society record, including voice of <mask>sky, at Dograt.com. WebCitation archive. References

External links

 The Comics Journal #92 (Aug. 1984): "Marvel Vice President/Administration <mask> Dies

masks:
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Brodsky
Sol Brod
Sol Brodsky


title: Sol Brodsky

texts:
 at Age of 61" p. 18
 Marvel Age #22 (Jan. 1985): "<mask>sky Remembered", by Dwight Jon Zimmerman, pp. 12–25

American comics artists
Comic book publishers (people)
Jewish American artists
People from Brooklyn
Silver Age comics creators
Marvel Comics people
Archie Comics
1923 births
1984 deaths
Artists from Brooklyn
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army non-commissioned