title: Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay

texts: when Carey became the Major General of Calcutta Fort, he became the deputy. But Carey had to go back to England. In the meantime he worked for Campton and Daley. He also worked under Bishop Middleton, and later became a deputy under Sir Henry Bluppet, chief justice of the Supreme Court. Lord Bishop Heber offered him the post of a principal in Bishop's College Calcutta.Heber later wrote about <mask> <mask> in Narrative of a Journey Through the Upper Provinces of India, from Calcutta to Bombay (1824–25): "...the most conspicuous-a tall fine looking man, in a white muslin dress, speaking good English, and the editor of a Bengali newspaper, who appeared with a large silken and embroidered purse full of silver coins, and presented it to us....it was the relic of the ancient Eastern custom of never approaching a superior without a present..  ...a shrewd fellow, well acquainted with the country...his account of the tenure of lands very closely corresponded with what I had previously heard from others." Much later he became the finance minister of the tax office. He also went on pilgrimage and travelled to many places, throughout his life. <mask> <mask> died on 20 February 1848. On 8 June 1848 issue of Friend of India, his death was lamented and the following was written:-“Friday, 2 June...the 'Dhurma Sabha' is about to print, and circulate among its friends, a memoir of its late able Secretary, Baboo Bhobany Churn Banerjee... We take great shame to ourselves for having neglected distinctly to notice the death of this native gentleman, one of the ablest men of the age; ...”. J. C. Marshman wrote in the history

masks: Bhabani Charan Bhabani Charan


title: Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay

type: original

texts:
 of Serampore Mission: “...Bhobany Churun, a Brahmin of great intelligence and considerable learning though no pundit, but remarkable for his tact and energy, which gave him great ascendency among his fellow-countrymen...”. In his Jeebancharit (or biography), it is said that he was a noble hearted and religious person, and one with a magnanimous personality.Establishment of the “Dharma Sabha”
Being a conservative Hindu, <mask> <mask> wanted to prevent the breach between the old and new forms of religion in the society, taking sides with the former. He reprinted many scriptures in the form of ancient manuscripts with notes and glossary, on a kind of paper made of cotton pulp, and distributed them among the common people. He observed that the youth of the society were deviating from the proper conduct expected of a righteous Hindu, due to their English education at the Hindu College. So he wrote against this, and angered the student community. Later on these students made it big in the society, and <mask> <mask>'s glorious deeds were not properly acknowledged. The Dharma Sabha was founded on 17 January 1830. It was established to protest against Ram Mohan's initiative to abolish the Sati System, and he wrote fiercely against it.He was the Secretary of the Dharma Sabha, till death. In his Jeebancharit, it is mentioned that the common people were aware of the benefits brought to their country by the establishment of this Sabha. The chief objective of this Sabha was to prevent the law which would abolish the Sati System. It also aimed at restoring the traditional conservative religion, by over-powering the


title: Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay

texts:
 opinion of the atheist wayward Hindus. It was stated that if this Sabha was notified of the religious oppression received by others, it would do its best to fulfil their objectives. By establishing, the branches of the Dharma Sabha in many places, such as Dhaka, Patna, Danapur, Andul, etc., the interests of the religious minded people were safeguarded. A free school called Sil's Free College, was established to prevent the efforts of the clergymen, who were trying to misguide the Hindu boys on the pretext of teaching.The Sabha also arranged a monthly allowance for the young, the old and the widows, particularly those, who failed to meet ends. Sambad Kaumudi and Samachar Chandrika
Bhabani Charan started with the Sambad Kaumudi, which was first published on 4 December 1821 under his editorship. It was actually the main vehicle of Ram Mohan Roy's campaign against Sati. Although Ram Mohan Roy was the owner, Sambad Kaumudi was published in the name of <mask> Charan Bandyopadhyay. The latter soon found Ram Mohan's ideas too radical and parted company to start a rival newspaper called Samachar Chandrika, which became an organ of orthodox Hinduism. According to a different source, Kaumudi was started by Tarachand Dutta and <mask> <mask> Bandopadhyay. Though <mask> <mask> Bandopadhyay was nominally in charge of this weekly till the publication of its thirteenth issue, Ram Mohan was its promoter, and for all practical purposes, also its editor.After <mask> <mask> Bandyopadhyay, Harihar Dutta was the editor for some time, followed by Gobinda Chandra Kongar. Due to lack of sufficient patronage Sambad Kaumudi had

masks: Bhabani Bhabani Charan Bhabani Charan Bhabani Charan


title: Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay

texts:
 to stop publication in October 1822. The first issue of Samachar Chandrika came out on 5 March 1822. After the publication of the first two issues, <mask> Charan published an advertisement announcing Samachar Chandrika's arrival in the market in Serampore's Samachar Darpan. Harihar Dutta, the then editor of Sambad Kaumudi got back to <mask> Charan and published an advertisement on 21 March 1822: "the Editor of the Sungbad Coumudy observing an Advertisement, inserted in the Calcutta Journal of the 15th instant, by one Bhobanee Churn Bunnerjee, asserting that the first 13 Nos. of the Coumudy were edited by him, deems if indispensably necessary to state, for publication, that this declaration is a wicked and malicious fabrication of falsehood.... for he was no more than the real Editor's Assistant..." So, it is not certain whether he was the actual Editor or the Editor's Assistant, but there is a clear indication of a dispute between the two, which has been described in his Jeebancharit. In April 1829, Samachar Chandrika began coming out twice a week instead of once.His works
<mask> <mask>'s wit was reflected in his satirical works. In the dull days of scriptural arguments, he brought in a fresh air of charm and humour in Bengali literature. He was a noted publisher too. He wrote many books in lucid Bengali. Gourishankar Tarkobagish, a famous journalist of that era, commented highly about his writing skill in Sambad Bhaskar. In 1821–22, in Samachar Darpan, several works came out like Babur Upakhyan, Briddhyer Bibaho, Brahmin Pundit and others, that bear the mark of his unique satirical ability. The books

masks: Bhabani Bhabani Bhabani Charan


title: Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay

texts:
 that were written or edited by <mask> <mask> are briefly described below:-
 Kalikata Kamalalay (1823): This book talks about the “behaviour, customs (treatment), and cleverness of speech” adopted by the people of the city of Calcutta when confronted by a villager, in a "question-answer" manner.Hitopodesh (1823):  It incorporates salutary advice & teachings with original religious verses in Sanskrit as well as its Bengali translation. It was published in the Samachar Chandrika Press. Nabababubilas or the Amusements of the Modern Baboo (1825): It was the first book published by <mask> <mask>. This book provides a satirical view of the education of the rich and their habits, and especially of those families which had become more prominent in the society by acquiring sudden wealth. The purpose of writing the book was to reform this particular class of people. This book had become very popular and was also published later in the form of a drama. <mask> <mask> had used a pseudonym of Prathamnath Sharman in this work.It was believed that this social novel preceded Parichand Mitra's Alaaler Ghore Dulaal. According to Brajendralal Mitra, there are also certain similarities between the two. In 1855, Reverend James Long wrote that this work was "one of the ablest satires on the Calcutta Babu, as he was 30 years ago.”

In Friend of India, Nabababubilas was praised –" the character of the work, as well as its allusions and similes, are purely native, and this imparts a value to it, superior to that which could be attached to a similar representation from a European pen... though the work is highly satirical, some

masks: Bhabani Charan Bhabani Charan Bhabani Charan


title: Bhabani Charan Bandyopadhyay

texts:
 of its strokes of ridicule" are also visible. "...we cannot venture to pronounce it a caricature...it illustrates the habit and economy of rich native families, and affords us a glance behind the scenes." Dyutibilash (1825): This is a versified description of parties arranged by high society women concerning eroticism (passion) as well as devotion. Nababibibilash (1831): This book was written as a companion piece to "Nabababubilas", describing similar acts & habits of the wives of the rich men. Sri Sri Gayatirtha Bistar: Its first edition was published in 1831, and the second edition was published in 1843.It is composed in verse form and is a mythological work. Ashcharya Upakhyan (1835): It narrates the glorious deeds of one Kalishankar Roy, a zamindar. It is written in verse form. Purushottam Chandrika (1844): It contains special description and tales of various places in and around Puri, Bhubaneswar, etc. Edited texts
The ancient Sanskrit texts, edited and published by <mask> <mask>, are briefly described below:-
 Hasyarnava: The special edition of the original book, written by Jagadiswar, was perhaps released in the decade between 1830 and 1840 by <mask> <mask>. It was on the directions of Bijoy Govind Singh, who was the author of a history book called Rajabali. Srimadbhagavata: This was published in two parts in the form of ancient manuscript in 1830.Prabodhchandrodaya  Natakam: The edition of the original book was written by Srikrishna Mishra, and was released in the form of ancient manuscript in 1833. Manusamhita: This was published in the form of ancient manuscript in 1833. Unavimsha Samhita:


title: Elizabeth Farren

texts:
<mask> (c. 175923 April 1829) was an Irish actress of the late 18th century. Born in Cork in 1759 her father, <mask> was a surgeon. His drinking habits brought on early death and his widow returned to Liverpool. Her mother went on the stage to support herself and her children. <mask> first appeared on the London stage in 1777 as Miss Hardcastle in She Stoops to Conquer and the following year appeared at Drury Lane which, along with the Haymarket Theatre became her primary venues for the rest of her acting career. She had over 100 characters in her repertoire including Shakespeare and various contemporary comedies and dramas. She was often compared to Frances Abington, who was her only real rival.Her last appearance was in April 1797, two months before her marriage to Edward Smith-Stanley, 12th Earl of Derby. They had a son and two daughters. Early life
<mask> (sometimes Eliza) <mask> was the daughter of <mask> of Cork, Ireland, a surgeon and apothecary, later an actor, and his wife (née Wright) of Liverpool, the daughter of a publican or brewer. The actress <mask> was her sister. At a very early age Farren performed at Bath and elsewhere in juvenile parts. In 1774 she was acting with her mother and sisters at Wakefield under Tate Wilkinson's opponent, Whiteley, when she played Columbine and sang. At the age of fifteen, at Liverpool, she played Rosetta in Love in a Village and subsequently her best known role of Lady Townly in The Provoked Husband by Colley Cibber.London career
She was introduced by Younger, her Liverpool manager, to George Colman and made her first appearance in

masks:
Elizabeth Farren
George Farren
Elizabeth
Elizabeth
Farren
George Farren
Margaret Farren


title: Lourdes Gutiérrez Nájera

texts:
<mask> is an American cultural anthropologist. She is a tenured Associate Professor at Fairhaven College of Interdisciplinary Studies teaching in the American Cultural Studies curriculum. Her prior experience includes her work as assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology at both Dartmouth College and Drake University. She is a member of the Latin American Studies Association, American Anthropological Association, and Mujeres Activas en Letras y Cambio Social. Her research is published in journals and books such as Beyond El Barrio: Everyday Life in Latina/o America. Other publications include reviews of scholarly work. Her academic accomplishments and research pertain to the field of Latinx national migration, indigenous communities in the United States and Mexico, and the U.S.-Mexican borderlands.Early life
Gutierrez Najera received her bachelor's degree in Latin American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles after transferring with an associate degree from Pasadena City College. In 2007 she published an award-winning dissertation and received a joint Ph.D. in Social Work and Anthropology at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. She holds a professional degree in Social Work with a concentration in Health Policy and Evaluation from University of Michigan. Recognition
Gutierrez Najera was awarded first place for her dissertation "Yalálag is No Longer Just Yalálag: Circulating Conflict and Contesting Community in a Zapotec Transnational Circuit" at the American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education 2009 conference. Research
Much of Gutierrez Najera's ethnographic research and work is within the frameworks of transnational migration and indigeneity.


title: Paul Revere Braniff

texts:
<mask> (August 30, 1897 – June 1, 1954) was an airline entrepreneur. Braniff was one of the original founders of Braniff International Airways. He served as a mechanic in World War I in the United States Army and then as a pilot in World War II. Early years and family

<mask> was born in Kansas City, Kansas. He was the younger brother of <mask>. He grew up during the early era of aviation, and, as a youngster, became fascinated with the new way of transport. His family moved to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, in 1900.Marriage
Braniff married Marie Agnes Maney on April 29, 1920. Marie Agnes Maney was born on May 2, 1898, in El Reno, Oklahoma. She was the daughter of James W. Maney, who was an Oklahoma Territory Pioneer. He built thousands of miles of railroads throughout the Western United States. His occupation was Civil Engineer and was President of the Clinton and Western Oklahoma Railroad and founded a chain of grain elevators in the Enid, Oklahoma, area. Marie Maney grew up at Maney House in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, that is now a historically protected property. She attended and graduated from schools in Baltimore, Maryland.<mask> was highly interested in her husband's work. When he founded Paul R. Braniff, Inc. and then its successor Braniff Airways, Inc., she traveled with him scouting new routes. Her love for <mask> and his aviation interests led her to compile a very detailed archive on the history of Braniff Airways. She remained highly interested and involved in the preservation of Braniff history even after <mask>'s death in 1954. They had one child, <mask> <mask>, who was born on October 29, 1927. <mask> died in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, on February 1, 2013, at the age of 85. Military service

Braniff joined the United States Army during World War I as a mechanic and private on July 6, 1917.He went to France, becoming a corporal, then a temporary sergeant. In France, he learned to shoot, becoming an avid gunman, although he never used this ability outside of the

masks:
Paul Revere Braniff
Paul Revere Braniff
Thomas Elmer Braniff
Marie Braniff
Paul
Paul Braniff
John Paul
Braniff
John Braniff


title: Paul Revere Braniff

texts:
 military. Oklahoma Aero Club and Paul R. Braniff, Inc.

After being honorably discharged from the Army, <mask> joined his brother Tom in an insurance company that carried the family's name. <mask>, however, kept dreaming about aviation all along and received his pilot's license in 1917. He obtained Transport License Number 690 from Orville Wright. In 1924, he was bought his own aircraft. Braniff founded his own flying company soon after, eventually helping convince Tom Braniff and other investors to bring money and form the Oklahoma Aero Club, in 1927.Reserved for use of the six investors, the company was registered as the Paul R. Braniff, Inc., thus marking the first birth of Braniff Airways. <mask> flew the company's first flight on June 20, 1928, from Oklahoma City to Tulsa, Oklahoma in a 5-passenger single engine Stinson Detroiter aircraft. Records indicate that there were flights between the two cities prior to the June 20 date. However, company records began recording flights on that date. Charles Lindbergh's monumental 1927 Atlantic crossing sparked massive interest in aviation around the nation. In Oklahoma, the interest was manifested in the Oklahoma Air Tour of 1928. Sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce of Oklahoma, it involved aviators flying to various Oklahoma town expressing an interest in aviation.The five-day tour, departing Oklahoma City on May 14, 1928, flew eighteen thousand cumulative miles and stopped at eighteen towns. An estimated 100,000 people turned out to view the twenty two aircraft and hear the pilots, including Braniff, promote the benefits of commercial aviation. The Oklahoma cities of Altus, Miami, and Guthrie, built airports specifically for air tour usage. The tour was operated again in 1929, but the onslaught of the Great Depression ended any further air races. At the time, the airline was involved with the National Transcontinental air race. In November 1929, Paul R. Braniff, Inc. was purchased by Universal Airlines, was renamed as

masks:
Paul Braniff
Paul Braniff
Paul Braniff


title: Paul Revere Braniff

texts:
 Braniff Airlines, and moved headquarters to St. Louis. In Mexico

In 1929, Braniff left the United States to go to Mexico to help someone build a struggling Mexican airline company (apparently this person was <mask>, but no evidence of this, nor of <mask> being related to the American Braniff brothers, has ever been reported).Braniff remained in Mexico until 1930. Braniff Airways, Inc. While in Mexico, Braniff gained airline industry expertise. He returned to the United States with innovative ideas for a new Braniff airline, including the use of faster aircraft that he knew would help the airline by bringing quicker turn-around times and, as a consequence, enable the airline to carry more passengers. With that idea, <mask><mask> convinced Tom Braniff and the other four investors to buy two Lockheed Vega aircraft. Braniff Airways, Inc. was formed in November, 1930. <mask><mask> headed to Washington, D.C. in 1934, being called to testify before the congress, which was heading an investigation against air mail services.He returned to St. Louis with a contract for Braniff Airlines to carry mail, the first time the airline had obtained an airmail contract. Braniff then set on exploring new markets for the company that bore his last name. In 1936, Braniff headed to Brazil, and he returned to St. Louis convinced that the company would do great economically if established in South America. The carrier was awarded a 7719-mile route from the Mainland US to far South America in 1946 with service beginning in 1948. Braniff Airways, Inc. began doing business as Braniff International Airways with the beginning of South America service. Braniff had been running the day-to-day operations of the airline but decided to leave the carrier in 1935. He was replaced by Charles Edmund Beard who would eventually become the President of Braniff Airways in 1954.Intending to retire from aviation, <mask> sold the airline to his brother Tom. It was after he left that Braniff International Airways

masks:
Alberto Braniff
Alberto Braniff
Paul R
. Braniff
Paul R
. Braniff
Paul Braniff


title: Paul Revere Braniff

texts:
 became a major player in United States-South America travel and vice versa, as Braniff International Airways began daily flights to various points in that continent and to Europe after the jet era began, with their distinctive livery that included many colors not seen before on aircraft fuselages. Braniff Engineering Corporation

Braniff went to Oklahoma to try to work as a mechanic, and he established the Braniff Engineering Corporation. That company was the first one to introduce the Lennox Air Conditioners and heating systems in Oklahoma. World War II

At 44 years old, Braniff was re-called into military service as the United States entered World War II, in 1941. He flew aircraft in the United States Army Air Forces. He flew with the IX Troop Carrier Command in England.But, after his second service in the military was over, so was his flying career. Later years and death

<mask> later worked as an advisor for the Douglas Company in Los Angeles. He moved to Oklahoma, where he worked for another aviation-related company as salesman, selling used aircraft parts. <mask> was diagnosed with cancer later in his life, and he went on to spend his last couple of years relatively inactive. Expected to survive his cancer, <mask> suffered a cold in the summer of 1954, which later turned into a pneumonia. He underwent surgery to correct the pneumonia, but the surgery aggravated the cancer. He died on June 1, 1954, from complications of cancer that his doctors stated was directly connected with pneumonia and resulting surgery.Braniff's tombstone at his burial site incorrectly states he died on June 15, 1954. Notes

References

External links
Braniff Flying Colors Historical Page

Official Braniff International Website

1897 births
1954 deaths
People from Kansas City, Kansas
American airline chief executives
Braniff
American expatriates in Mexico
United States Army personnel of World War I
Deaths from cancer in Oklahoma
20th-century American businesspeople
Businesspeople from

masks: Braniff Braniff Braniff


title: Crystal Bird Fauset

texts:
<mask> (June 27, 1893 – March 27, 1965) was a civil rights activist, social worker, race relations specialist, and the first female African American state legislator elected in the United States, based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Born in Maryland and raised in Boston, Fauset started her professional career as a public school teacher in Boston. She would then go onto work for the Young Women's Christian Association, and then with the American Friends Service Committee. In 1935, she became assistant to the director of Philadelphia's Works Progress Administration and also began politically organizing for the Democratic National Committee. In 1938, Fauset was elected to the Pennsylvania state legislature. She served for a year as a state representative in which she introduced nine bills and three amendments on issues ranging from affordable housing projects to fair employment legislation. During the Roosevelt administration, Fauset was appointed to the Office of Civilian Defense on October 20, 1941, and worked as a race relations advisor.In 1944, she broke away from the Democratic Party and publicly supported the Republican presidential candidate. In her later years, Fauset turned to global issues and helped found the United Nations Council of Philadelphia, later known as the World Affairs Council. Personal life
<mask> <mask> was born in Princess Anne, Maryland to parents Benjamin Oliver <mask> and Portia E<mask> (née Lovett). She was one of nine children. Her father was the first principal of Princess Anne Academy, a school for black students. The Academy was the predecessor to the University of Maryland Eastern Shore. Portia <mask> would become the principal after her husband's death in 1897, and would remain in the position till her death in 1900.<mask> <mask> was then raised by her maternal aunt, Lucy Groves in Boston, who encouraged her to become an educator. <mask> attended integrated public schools and, in 1914, graduated from Boston Normal School. She received a B.S. degree in education from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1931, the same year she married educator, civil rights activist, and anthropologist <mask> who was the half-brother of Jessie Redmon

masks:
Crystal Bird Fauset
Crystal Bird
Fauset
Bird
. Bird
Bird
Crystal Dreda
Bird
Bird
Arthur Fauset


title: Crystal Bird Fauset

texts:
 <mask>, a Harlem Renaissance writer. They would eventually separate and finalize divorce in 1944. Professional life
After graduating from Boston Normal School, <mask> was a public school teacher from 1914 to 1918 before taking a position as a field secretary for the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) where she worked on programs aimed at black youth and working girls throughout the United States. In this position, she also began to speak out about the concerns of black community and race relations in general.She later became actively involved in several different organizations geared towards the advancement for African Americans rights. American Friends Service Committee
While attending Columbia University, <mask> joined the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC), a Quaker organization, in September 1927. The AFSC had become interested in improving race relations in the United States and had formed their Interracial Section in 1925, two years before offering <mask> a staffing position. One of the missions of the organization was to foster intercultural exchange as a way to better racial understanding, and the AFSC sponsored <mask> as a touring speaker to promote this message. As an active member of the AFSC, she made about 200 public appearances between 1927 and 1928, addressing between 25,000 to 50,000 people at schools, churches, and civic groups. With her speeches, she aimed to have "people of other racial groups understand the humanness of the Negro wherever he is found" and to "lift the curtain that separates the white people and the colored people, to lift the curtain of misunderstanding that is so dividing us." She analyzed racial prejudice and emphasized the contributions of black communities throughout history.The majority of <mask>'s appearances occurred with white audiences in places such as Philadelphia, New York City, Boston, Baltimore, Washington, and Indiana. Her appearances in Philadelphia introduced her to the public and left them with a high level of impact. 1928-1937
After finishing her service with the AFSC, <mask> continued her education and received a degree from Teachers College, Columbia University in 1931. She then helped establish

masks: Fauset Fauset Bird Bird Bird Bird Bird


title: Crystal Bird Fauset

texts:
 of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's reelection in 1936. State legislature

Supported by the Democrats, Fauset ran for state legislature in 1938. She became the first female African American state legislator in the United States after being elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives to represent the 18th District of Philadelphia, which was a primarily white neighborhood at the time. She had won by 7,000 votes and had gained strong support from women through her telephone campaign. She was one of the first American politicians to utilize telephoning in her campaign.Fauset promised her constituents: "I shall work for legislation that affects the general welfare of the people regardless of color. Of her victory, she commented: "My interest is in no way limited to my race, but is universal." During her time as a state legislator, she represented an area that was 66% White. Fauset introduced nine bills and three amendments in which she advocated for affordable housing, public health efforts, public relief, and fair employment legislation to ban racial discrimination. Additionally, she sponsored an amendment to the Pennsylvania Female Labor Law of 1913 to improve women's workplace rights. In 1939, Fauset was awarded her first Meritorious Service Medal from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for her civic work. Additionally, she was invited to be the central speaker at the annual meeting of the National Council of Negro Women, a non-profit organization founded by civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune to encourage and coordinate black women's political participation.In January 1940, she resigned from the state legislature in order to begin a new position as assistant director of the education and recreation program of the WPA, as well as the organization's race relations advisor in Pennsylvania. Office of Civilian Defense

In October 1941, <mask> was appointed to the newly formed Race Relations Division of the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD), one of the World War II agencies of the Roosevelt administration. The OCD was headed by Mayor of New York City, Fiorello LaGuardia, from 1941 to 1942, and then by James M. Landis. The agency was tasked with coordinating and


title: Crystal Bird Fauset

texts:
 organization years after. Fauset also attended the founding of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1950. During the 1950s she traveled extensively to Africa, India, and the Middle East.She befriended independence leaders and future presidents Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Nnamdi Azikiwe of Nigeria, as well as Ralph Bunche, an African American diplomat and 1950 Nobel Peace Prize winner. Beginning in 1955, Fauset lobbied for the opening of an Africa House in New York, a proposed forum for black and white Americans to learn about the continent by interacting with Africans. Later life
In 1955, Fauset was awarded a second Meritorious Service Medal from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. During her later years, Fauset lived in New York City. She died in her sleep while visiting Philadelphia on March 27, 1965. Some of Fauset's surviving papers and photos are housed in an archive collection at Howard University. Her influential accomplishments for African American people earned her a Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission Marker.It was unveiled in 1991 and can be found outside her old home on 5402 Vine Street in Philadelphia. The memorial reads "The first Black woman elected to a state legislature in the U.S., Fauset, who lived here, won her seat in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives, 1938. She later served as a Civil Defense race relations advisor under Franklin D. Roosevelt." External links
 <mask> Bird Fauset Papers (summary) at Howard University

Crystal Bird Fauset. Pennsylvania House of Representatives. Library of Congress."All-American news" with feature on Fauset (timestamp 02:36-02:56)

References

1894 births
1965 deaths
African-American state legislators in Pennsylvania
African-American women in politics
Women state legislators in Pennsylvania
People from Princess Anne, Maryland
Politicians from Philadelphia
Teachers College, Columbia University alumni
Swarthmore College people
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Pennsylvania Republicans
Pennsylvania Democrats
20th-century American politicians
Boston State College alumni
20th-century American women politicians
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American


title: Henry Shaw (philanthropist)

texts:
<mask> (July 24, 1800 in Sheffield, England – August 25, 1889 in St. Louis, Missouri) was a businessman, amateur botanist in St. Louis, MO when it was a gateway city to the West. His businesses supplied residents, pioneers and others. Having made his fortune, he was able to retire at age 40, pursue his interest in botany, and used much of his fortune in philanthropy. He is best known as the founder of the Missouri Botanical Garden, but he also donated the land to the city for Tower Grove Park and oversaw its development. He donated funds to several other city institutions as well. Early life

<mask> was born on July 24, 1800 in Sheffield, England, which had been a center of iron and steel manufacturing for centuries. <mask>’s father, <mask>, had moved to Sheffield as a young man to open his own iron factory, along with a partner.The firm manufactured grates, fire irons and so forth. <mask> was the oldest of four children in the family. He had two sisters, Sarah and Caroline, and a brother who died in infancy. <mask> received his primary school education in the village of Thone near his home in Sheffield. When he was about ten or eleven,  he was transferred to the Mill Hill School near London. He studied at this boarding school for about six years, before returning home to Sheffield in 1816 or 1817. <mask> was taken out of school because of his father’s financial difficulties.While he had been away at school, his father’s business had come upon hard times. The family could no longer afford to send <mask> to the expensive school with other children of the upper classes. But in his time at Mill Hill School, <mask> had gained the basic education of an English gentleman. He had studied the classics, learned some Latin and Greek, and studied French. He also studied mathematics and was introduced to the sciences. More importantly, he acquired the attitudes and outlook of an

masks:
Henry Shaw
Shaw
Henry
Joseph Shaw
Henry
Shaw
Shaw
Henry
Shaw


title: Henry Shaw (philanthropist)

texts:
 English gentleman, and a polish he would continue to have even after decades of life in the United States. Business career

On his return to Sheffield, <mask> began to assist his father with the business.Searching for new markets, the elder <mask> turned his sights on the vast markets of the Americas. Iron and steel manufacturing in the former colonies was not as advanced as in England, and Sheffield steel products were some of the finest in the world. In 1818, <mask> accompanied his father on his first trip across the Atlantic Ocean, where the pair did business in Quebec, Canada. Young <mask> must have impressed his father with his business acumen because the next year he was sent to New Orleans alone on business. A shipment of goods to New Orleans had been lost or misplaced, and <mask> was sent to find the shipment. Although he recovered the goods, he could not find a buyer in New Orleans. With the business acumen and entrepreneurial spirit that was to mark his adult life, <mask> was determined to find a market for the goods in the interior of the country.Vast territories of the American Midwest had been opened up in the previous decade by the Louisiana Purchase, which doubled the size of the United States. In about 1817, New Orleans had become the gateway to this area by the first steam-powered paddlewheel riverboat that made its way up the Mississippi River from the port of New Orleans. In the Spring of 1819, <mask> purchased passage for himself and his goods on a steamship called the Maid of Orleans. The trip, which took 40 days, cost <mask> $120. On May 3, 1819, <mask> landed in a small French village on the west side of the Mississippi called St. Louis. At the time, the village was about fifty years old. It ran about three blocks deep for about a mile along the bank of the river.<mask> set up a hardware store in St. Louis, selling high quality cutlery and other

masks:
Shaw
Shaw
Henry
Henry
Shaw
Shaw
Henry Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw


title: Henry Shaw (philanthropist)

texts:
 metal products. His first storefront was at Four North Main, on the west side of the street between Market and Chestnut. The goods were purchased by <mask>’s uncle, James Hoole, in Sheffield and shipped to St. Louis. Hoole also provided the initial capital for the business. It turned out to be a good investment, as it was a good time to be in the hardware business in St. Louis. During the two decades <mask> operated his business, roughly 1819 to 1839, St. Louis grew quite rapidly. <mask> sold his goods to the people of St. Louis, to soldiers and farmers, and to the other new immigrants to the area.He also found a ready market in the pioneers making their way to the open lands of the West. Many of the pioneers moving westward were outfitted in St. Louis before moving West. <mask> carried the kind of hardware, tools and cutlery they would need to make the trip and set up a new homestead. As his business went well, he continued to buy land on the outskirts of the city. Slave ownership
Missouri was a slave state, and <mask> acquired enslaved African Americans as workers by 1828 for his working farm land. He also had several slaves working as domestic servants. He owned as many as eleven slaves at a time.In June 2020, the Missouri Botanical Garden shared a Facebook post with the names of some of <mask>'s slaves: Peach, Juliette, Bridgette, Joseph, Jim, Sarah, Tabitha and her daughter Sarah, Ester and her children. In 1855, four of <mask>’s slaves escaped but were caught as they crossed the Mississippi River. Esther and her children were trying to get to the free state of Illinois where they hoped to connect with helpers to travel further north on the Underground Railroad. <mask> consequently sold Esther south to Vicksburg, Mississippi, separating her from her children. A census record reveals that <mask> had eight slaves in 1860. Retirement

By the age of 40, <mask> was one

masks: Shaw Shaw Shaw Shaw Shaw Shaw Shaw Shaw Shaw Shaw


title: Henry Shaw (philanthropist)

texts:
 of the largest landholders in the city and was able to retire. This gave him the freedom to travel and to pursue his great interest in botany.Following his retirement, <mask> travelled extensively for years. He returned to St. Louis in 1851. He engaged architect George I. Barnett (who later also designed <mask>'s mausoleum) to design and build Tower Grove House, which became the center of his estate. Working with leading botanists, <mask> planned, funded and built what would become the Missouri Botanical Garden on the land around his home. As the garden became more extensive, <mask> decided to open it to the general public in 1859. <mask> donated additional land adjoining the garden to the city of St. Louis for Tower Grove Park. He helped with its construction, including the pavilions and various works of art.He gave the city a school and land for a hospital. He endowed Washington University’s School of Botany, and helped found the Missouri Historical Society. <mask> died in 1889 and is buried in a mausoleum surrounded by a grove of trees on the grounds of the gardens he founded. He is widely remembered for his generosity and philanthropy. Over 100 years after his death, many who visit the Missouri Botanical Gardens still refer to it affectionately as "<mask>'s Garden". Or “Hanks Garden.”
For his philanthropic work, <mask> has been recognized with a star on the St. Louis Walk of Fame. References

External links

Missouri Botanical Garden
Historical Timeline
<mask>'s entry, St. Louis Walk of Fame

1800 births
1889 deaths
American botanists
Businesspeople from St. Louis
Businesspeople from Sheffield
People educated at Mill Hill School
English emigrants to the United States
Botanists with author abbreviations
Missouri Botanical Garden directors
American nonprofit executives
19th-century American philanthropists
19th-century American businesspeople
19th-century English

masks:
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Shaw
Henry Shaw


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts:
is a Japanese singer and songwriter most widely known for her work as a former member of the Japanese idol girl group NMB48, where she served as the leader of the group and as the captain of Team N. She is also a former member of AKB48's Team K. She made her debut as a solo artist in October 2016 with her first album "Rainbow" while she was still a NMB48 member. Career

Pre-2010: Early life and initial debut
The youngest of four and influenced by her family's love for music, <mask> started taking dance and singing classes in 2nd grade. In 5th grade, inspired by Avril Lavigne, she started learning guitar. <mask> initially debuted in the band MAD CATZ in 2008 as their lead guitarist. The bassist of the band left in 2009, and the band disbanded altogether by the end of the year. 2010–2012: Debut with NMB48
In September 2010, <mask> passed auditions for the first generation of NMB48 and was selected to debut in the group along with 25 other girls. They were announced as a group on October 9, 2010, and officially began performing at the NMB48 Theater on January 1, 2011.<mask> was also officially announced as captain of NMB48 on this day. On March 10, 2011, <mask> was selected as one of 16 members who would form Team N, of which she was selected to serve as captain alongside her captaincy of the entire group. Team N made their debut at the NMB48 Theater on March 21. In May, <mask> and fellow Team N member Miyuki Watanabe were the

masks:
Sayaka Yamamoto
Yamamoto
Sayaka Yamamoto
Yamamoto
Yamamoto
Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts: first NMB48 members to be selected for an A-side senbatsu with the release of AKB48's 21st single "Everyday, Katyusha." Also in May, NMB48 revealed their first original song "Seishun no Lap Time" during a theater performance. It was centered by <mask>, and was released later as a B-side on the group's first single. On June 9, <mask> was the only member of NMB48 to rank in AKB48's 3rd general election.She placed 28th with 8,697 votes and as a result, sang on the B-side "Dakishimecha Ikenai" on AKB48's 22nd single "Flying Get." On July 20, NMB48 made their major CD debut with their first single "Zetsumetsu Kurokami Shoujo," for which <mask> was selected as a senbatsu member. She would go on to be a senbatsu member in all 19 NMB48 A-sides released during her time in the group, and the center for 13 of those singles. On October 19, NMB48 released their second single titled "Oh My God! ", for which <mask> served as center with fellow Team N member Nana Yamada. This marked the first time <mask> was chosen as a center for a NMB48 A-side track. On October 26, <mask> participated in her second A-side senbatsu with AKB48 on their 23rd single "Kaze wa Fuiteiru."<mask> was given her first solo A-side center on NMB48's third single "Junjou U-19," which was released on February 8, 2012. This was also the first NMB48 single to include a solo song, "Jungle Gym," sung by <mask>. On March 15, <mask> was a part of the senbatsu for AKB48's 25th

masks: Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts:
 single "GIVE ME FIVE!". On May 9, NMB48 released their fourth single "Nagiichi," centered by <mask> and Miyuki Watanabe. On May 23, <mask> was included as a part of the media senbatsu for AKB48's 26th single "Manatsu no Sounds Good!". On June 6, <mask> ranked 18th in AKB48's 4th general election with a total of 23,020 votes and as a result, sang on B-side "Nante Bohemian" as a member of "Undergirls" on AKB48's 27th single "Gingham Check." On August 8, NMB48 released their fifth single "Virginity," featuring <mask> as the sole center.On October 31, <mask> participated as a senbatsu member on AKB48's 28th single "UZA." On November 7, NMB48 released their 6th single "Kitagawa Kenji," for which <mask> served as center with Miyuki Watanabe. On November 21, <mask> released her first photobook entitled "Sayagami," which sold over 55,000 units. The photobook was released on the same day as Miyuki Watanabe's photobook and was marketed as a battle between the two members, which was ultimately "won" by Watanabe. On December 5, AKB48 released their 29th single "Eien Pressure," for which <mask> sang on the B-side "HA!" as NMB48 and served as center along with Miyuki Watanabe. This marked the first time <mask> served as a center for a B-side on an AKB48 single.2013–2015: Rise in popularity and concurrency with AKB48
<mask> participated as a senbatsu member in AKB48's 30th single "So long!" and 31st single "Sayonara Crawl," released on

masks: Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts: February 20 and May 22, 2013, respectively. On June 8, <mask> ranked 14th in AKB48's 5th general election with 51,793 votes. The release of AKB48's 32nd single "Koisuru Fortune Cookie" on August 21 marked the first time <mask> entered an AKB48 senbatsu through the election. On June 19, NMB48 released their 7th single "Bokura no Eureka," and on October 2, their 8th single ""Kamonegix." <mask> was the sole center for both singles. On October 30, <mask> participated in AKB48's 33rd single "Heart Ereki" as a senbatsu member.On February 24, 2014, it was announced that <mask> would hold a concurrent position in AKB48's Team K, coming into effect in May. On February 26, <mask> participated in AKB48's 35th single "Mae Shika Mukanee" as a senbatsu member. Over the next four years, she would continue participating in AKB48 A-sides as a senbatsu member for the rest of her tenure as an idol, through their 52nd single "Teacher Teacher." On March 26, NMB48 released their 8th single "Takane no Ringo," for which <mask> again served as a solo center. On May 21, <mask> participated as a media senbatsu member on AKB48's 36th single "Labrador Retriever" and also served as the center for B-side "Itoshiki Rival" with Jurina Matsui as a member of Team K. This marked <mask>'s first participation in an AKB48 single as a concurrent AKB48 member. On June 7, <mask> ranked 6th in AKB48's 6th general election with 67,916 votes, marking her first entry into


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts: the "Kami 7". As a result, <mask> participated as a senbatsu member on AKB48's 37th single "Kokoro no Placard."<mask> was also the only NMB48 member to rank in senbatsu that year. On July 4, a JT-sponsored commercial of <mask> <mask> singing "Hitoiki Tsukinagara" a cappella began airing. Several different arrangements of the song featuring <mask> have been made since for subsequent commercials, and it was also later recorded on her first solo album in 2016. In 2014, she also began collaborating with other artists as both a guitarist and a singer on music programs like "FNS Music Festival" and "UTAGE!". In October, her radio program "NMB48 Yamamoto Sayaka no Regular Toretemouta!" started airing. On November 5, NMB48 released their 9th single entitled "Rashikunai," for which <mask> participated in as a senbatsu member.This was the first single since "Oh My God!" to not be centered by <mask>. On February 10, 2015, <mask> released her second photobook titled "SY," which sold 42,779 in its first week of sales according to Oricon and topped the Oricon sales charts. The high sales volume prompted a second printing of the gravure photobook. On June 6, <mask> ranked 6th in AKB48's 7th general election with 97,866 votes, and participated as a senbatsu member on AKB48's 41st single "Halloween Night," as a result. On August 18, it was announced that <mask> <mask> would be the center of AKB48's "365nichi no Kamihikouki," which was the

masks: Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts:
 theme song for the NHK drama “Asa ga Kita” and was later released as a B-side on AKB48's 42nd single "Kuchibiru ni Be My Baby." This marked the first time she served as a solo center on a full-senbatsu AKB48 track, not including those recorded as NMB48.On October 7, NMB48 released their 13th single "Must be now," with <mask> returning as center for a NMB48 A-side. 2016–2017: Solo debut
On January 8, 2016, <mask> released her third photobook "Minna no Yamamoto Sayaka." On April 18, she began co-hosting the radio show “Appare Yattemasu” on Mondays, a position she would hold for four years. On April 27, NMB48 released their 14th single "Amagami Hime," centered by <mask>. This single also included a solo version of the aforementioned "365nichi no Kamihikouki" by <mask>. On May 26, she graduated from her concurrent position in AKB48's Team K and returned as a full-time member of NMB48. On June 18, <mask> ranked 4th, her highest rank, in AKB48's 8th general election with 110,411 votes, and participated as a senbatsu member on AKB48's 45th's single “LOVE TRIP / Shiawase wo Wakenasai" as a result.Prior to the election, she stated that 2016 would be the last year she participated in the event. On August 3, NMB48 released their 15th single "Boku wa Inai," which included a B-side track Yamamoto composed, "Ima Naraba." On August 24, <mask> <mask> announced she would be releasing her first solo album. It would be produced by Seiji Kameda

masks: Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts: and include tracks written and composed by her. On October 26, she released her album "Rainbow" and it debuted at 3rd place on the weekly Oricon albums chart. She also embarked on her first solo tour, eponymously named "Rainbow," with five performances in four venues. On December 28, NMB48 released their 16th single "Boku Igai no Dareka," featuring <mask> as center.It also included another B-side composed by her, "Kodoku Guitar." On December 31, she ranked 1st place at AKB48's special election during the 67th NHK Kouhaku Uta Gassen with 41,990 votes. On March 29, 2017, <mask> released her essay book, "Subete no Riyuu." She also announced the same month she would not participate in the upcoming 9th AKB48 general election, reiterating her statement from last year. In May, she was one of two artists to record and have their version of the Hanshin Tigers' song "Rokko Oroshi" air at the team's home stadium before matches as well as after winning games. On July 7, she was one of the featured artists on "The best covers of DREAMS COME TRUE DoriUta Vol. 1" with her cover of "Nando Demo," which was also later re-released as a B-side on her second solo album.The following day on July 8, she also appeared in her first music festival as a solo artist at DoriUta Fes, hosted by DREAMS COME TRUE. On October 4, <mask> <mask> released her second solo album "identity," which debuted at 2nd place on the weekly Oricon album charts. It was again

masks: Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts:
 produced by Seiji Kameda and seven of the tracks included were written and composed by her. She also held her second tour with 8 performances in 7 venues. 2018–present: Graduation from NMB48 and continued solo success
On April 4, 2018, NMB48 released their 18th single "Yokubomono," for which <mask> served as center. In May, <mask> appeared in her first official rock festival, METROCK. On July 30, <mask> <mask> announced during NMB48 LIVE TOUR 2018 in Summer that she would be graduating from NMB48.On October 17, NMB48 released their 19th single "Boku Datte Naichau yo," <mask>'s final single with the group. In addition to her graduation solo song and the two tracks centered by her, the single also includes another B-side she composed, "Yume wa Nigenai." On October 27, 2018, her graduation concert titled "SAYAKA SONIC~<mask>, Sasayaka, Sayonara, Sayaka~" was held at Expo '70 Commemorative Park, marking NMB48's first outdoor concert and their largest concert to date. She officially graduated from NMB48 on November 4, 2018, with graduation performances on November 3 and 4 at the NMB48 Theater. On January 1, 2019, <mask> <mask> announced her third tour “I’m ready,” consisting of 27 performances in 24 venues, and the opening of her fan clubs SYC and SYC Mobile on January 7. On February 17, she announced her transfer to Universal Music Japan as her record company, with Universal Sigma as her label. In 2019, she appeared in more rock

masks: Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Sayaka Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts: festivals, including METROCK, ROCK IN JAPAN, and MONSTER BaSH.On April 17, <mask> <mask> released her first solo single "Ichirinsou." In August, her radio show "Yamamoto Sayaka Kakeru" began airing. On September 4, <mask> released her second single "Toge." On September 17, <mask> announced via her YouTube channel that her third single "Tsuioku no Hikari" would be released on November 20, with her third album α (Alpha) following on December 25. In February 2020, she embarked on her fourth tour and held 3 performances before ultimately canceling the rest of the tour due to the COVID-19 pandemic. She held a final no-audience performance via livestream on August 28. On September 17, <mask> pre-released “Ai Nante Iranai,” which served as a CM song for a MOS Burger commercial, in which she also starred.On October 28, <mask> released her fourth solo single "Zero Universe," the ending song for TV Tokyo's "Anoko no Yume wo Mitan desu." Also in October, she started hosting the radio show "SPARK" on Mondays. In December, her song "Boku wa Omocha" for NHK's Minna no Uta began airing on the program. On February 24, 2021, <mask> <mask> released her fifth single "Dramatic ni Kanpai," which was the theme song for Tokai TV/Fuji TV's "Sono Onna, Jiruba." In May, her radio show "HEART STUDIO" began airing. On July 14, <mask> <mask> released her first digital single "yonder," which was the CM song for Yamagata Nissan Group's 60th Anniversary

masks: Sayaka Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts:
 commercial. On August 25, <mask> surprise released her second digital single "Don't hold me back."In September, she embarked on her fifth tour, titled "re," with 12 performances scheduled in 11 venues. On October 27, <mask> released her third digital single "Aimatte," which was first revealed during her tour. On December 1, she was a featured artist on Night Tempo's "I Don't Wanna" from his major debut album “Ladies in the City.”

Musical style and influences
Since 2019, <mask> <mask> composes and writes lyrics for all her releases. The majority of her first two albums consist of self-compositions as well. In addition to her own music, she also has composed for her former group, and provided background vocals for songs she participated in while in NMB48 and AKB48. While her roots are in rock music, <mask>'s own work encompasses a wide spectrum and is not limited to a specific genre nor defined by a particular label, as noted by columnists. In her own words, she wants her music “to go beyond genres…so [she doesn’t] think about making a particular type of music” and creates what she wants to at the time.Yamamoto often credits Avril Lavigne, Takeshi Hosomi, and yui as her biggest musical inspirations and people she admires, among others. <mask> also frequently collaborates with Takahiro Konagawa, who serves as bandleader of her backing band Team SY in addition to producing and arranging many of her songs. Other main

masks: Yamamoto Yamamoto Sayaka Yamamoto Yamamoto Yamamoto


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts:
 collaborators and backing band members include Koji Kusakari, Shota Okuno, SATOKO, asami, and Ayasa. As a guitarist, <mask> currently uses a Gibson Custom True Historic '59 Les Paul and a Les Paul Traditional 2015 Japan Limited as her main electric guitars, and a Martin D-28 and a Martin D-15 Streetmaster as her main acoustic guitars. Discography

Albums

Singles

As lead artist

Digital singles
 "yonder" (2021)
 "Don't hold me back" (2021)
 "Aimatte." (あいまって。) (2021)

As featured artist

 "Nando Demo," DREAMS COME TRUE (2017, The best covers of DREAMS COME TRUE DoriUta Vol. 1)
"I Don't Wanna," Night Tempo (2021, Ladies in the city)

Singles with NMB48

Albums with NMB48
 Teppen Tottande!"Teppen Tottande!" (Center)
 "12/31" (Center)
 "Lily" / Team N (Center)
 "Dazai Osamu wo Yonda Ka?" (Center)

 Sekai no Chuushin wa Osaka ya ~Namba Jichiku~
 "Ibiza Girl" (Center)
 ""Seito Techo no Shashin wa Ki ni Haittenai" no Hoshoku" (Center)
 "Densha wo Oriru" / Team N (Center)
 "Dakishimetai Kedo" / Solo
Namba Ai ~Ima Omou Koto~

 "Masaka Singapore"
 "Namba Ai"

Singles with AKB48

Albums with AKB48
 Koko ni Ita Koto
 "Koko ni Ita Koto"

 1830m
 "Aozora yo Sabishikunai Ka?" Tsugi no Ashiato
 "10 Krone to Pan" (Center)

 Koko ga Rhodes da, Koko de Tobe! "Ai no Sonzai"
 "Conveyor" / Team K
 "Ai to Kanashimi no Jisa" / Solo

 0 to 1 no Aida
 "Ai no Shisha" / Team K
 "LOVE ASH" / Duet with Minami Takahashi

 Thumbnail
 "Ayamachi" / Duet


title: Sayaka Yamamoto

texts:
 with Junichi Inagaki

 Bokutachi wa, Ano Hi no Yoake wo Shitteiru
 "Kutsuhimo no Musubikata"
 "Kusaimono Darake" (Center)

Stage Units with NMB48 and AKB48
NMB48 Team N 1st Stage
 "Bird"

NMB48 Team N 2nd Stage
 "Blue rose"

NMB48 Team N 3rd Stage
  / Solo

NMB48 Team N 3rd Stage Revival
  / Solo

AKB48 Team K 6th Stage Revival "RESET"

AKB48 Team K 4th Stage Revival

NMB48 Team N 4th Stage "Mokugekisha" (目撃者)

AKB48 general elections
 In 2011, Yamamoto placed 28th with 8,697 votes. In 2012, she placed 18th with 23,020 votes. In 2013, she placed 14th with 51,793 votes.In 2014, she placed 6th with 67,916 votes. In 2015, she placed 6th with 97,866 votes. In 2016, she placed 4th with 110,411 votes. Live Performances

Concert tours

 Yamamoto Sayaka LIVE TOUR 2016 ~Rainbow~
 Yamamoto Sayaka LIVE TOUR 2017 ~identity~
 <mask> Sayaka LIVE TOUR 2019 ~I'm ready~
 Yamamoto Sayaka LIVE TOUR 2020 ~α~
 SAYAKA YAMAMOTO LIVE TOUR 2021 ~re~

Single-day concerts

 AbemaTV 1st ANNIVERSARY LIVE (2017)
 MTV LIVE PREMIUM: SAYAKA YAMAMOTO (2019)

Fan club-exclusive concerts

 Sayaka Yamamoto Celebration 2019
 Congregation 2019
 Sayaka Yamamoto Celebration 2020 (livestream only)
 CUE 2021
 Sayaka Yamamoto Celebration 2021 in Tokyo and Osaka

Filmography

Radio
 NMB48 Gakuen (April 9, 2011 – September 28, 2013, ABC Radio)
NMB48 Yamamoto Sayaka no Regular Toretemouta! (October 2, 2014 – March 27, 2016, Nippon Cultural


title: Francesco Alberoni

texts:
<mask> (born 31 December 1929, in Borgonovo Val Tidone, Piacenza) is an Italian journalist and a professor of sociology. He was a board member and senior board member (chairman) of RAI, the Italian state television network, from 2002 to 2005. <mask> was among the few regular front page writers of Corriere della Sera, Italy's most popular newspaper, which published his articles from 1973 to 2011. He wrote a four-column editorial titled "Public & Private" (begun in 1982) for the Monday edition. He is the widower of Rosa Giannetta. Early days
Although <mask> claims he was a model student and real perfectionist at school, he admits he did not like the military-like discipline imposed on schoolchildren by the Fascist regime. According to his autobiography he was a born leader, who always invented games and adventures for the group of boys who usually gathered around him.Because there weren't any books in his house, he discovered the pleasures of reading only after the end of Second World War in 1945. Reading took most of his afternoons at the City Library, his favoured subjects being history and philosophy. <mask> studied at the Liceo Scientifico, and then moved to Pavia to study medicine where he graduated. Here he also met the friar Agostino Gemelli, who was intrigued by <mask>'s thinking and bright intelligence, and pushed him to pursue studies in the field of social behavior. During his studies in Pavia met Vincenza Pugliese (1929–1992) whom he married in 1958. From his marriage to Vincenza Pugliese he has three children: Margherita (born in 1959), Francesca (born in 1961) and Paolo Giovanni Agostino (born in 1968) named after friar Agostino Gemelli. Later he lived with Laura Bonin, from whom had a fourth son: Giulio (named after the famous ancestor).In 1998 married Rosa Giannetta, the former mistress of the Italian architect Roberto Guiducci. Academic career
His academic career includes the following positions:
Adjunct professor of Psychology at

masks:
Francesco Alberoni
Alberoni
Alberoni
Alberoni
Alberoni


title: Francesco Alberoni

texts:
 the Catholic University of Milan in 1960
Adjunct professor of Sociology in 1961, and then full professor of Sociology (again at the University of Milan) in 1964
Member of the Bi-national Committee Olivetti Foundation-Ford Foundation Social Science Research Council
Dean of the University of Trento (Italy) from 1968 to 1970. Professor at the University of Lausanne, the University of Catania, and then again back at the University of Milan (1978)
Former Teacher of IULM University. He was Dean of the School until 2001
board member of Cinecittà Cinema Holding of Rome (2002–2005)
Dean of the Experimental Center for Cinematography (2003–current)

Published works

Alberoni has carried out numerous studies on Sociology of Movements and Individuals, and especially on the nature of Love and relationships among individuals and groups. The building block of Alberoni though is found in Movement and Institution, which is among the first books on the sociological analysis of movements, their start, development and end. This book has been considered a milestone in the analysis of social movements. The concept developed here is the so-called Statu Nascenti, the "nascent state", the moment in which leadership, ideas, and communication, come together and fuel the birth of movements.This first work was followed by Consumption and Society, which contributed to fuel the growth of marketing schools in Italy. In 1979 <mask> published his best-seller Falling in Love. In the book, which further develops and expands the ideas and theoretical models from Movements and Institutions, he maintains that the experience of falling in love is in essence the nascent state (or "ignition state") of a collective movement made up exclusively of two people. This time, however, <mask> explores the subject in greater detail, using as much as possible the language of love stories rather than the abstract jargon of psychoanalysis or sociology. This book, which was rigorously scientific and at

masks: Alberoni Alberoni


title: Francesco Alberoni

texts: the same time innovative in its linguistic slant, turned into an international best-seller translated into twenty languages. After more than ten editions, it is still in print in Italy. <mask>'s next works were L'amicizia ("Friendship") of 1984, and Erotismo ("Eroticism") of 1986, in which he compares male and female eroticism.Then followed The Nuptial Flight (Garzanti, Milan, 1992), where he took a closer look at pre-adolescent and adolescent crushes on film stars, and then at the general feminine tendency to seek out superior love objects. His sociology books includes Genesi (1989), which illustrates his theories about the fundamental experience of the nascent state, the difference between the nascent state and Nirvana, the concept of democracy, and what he terms "Cultural Civilizations". Collections of brief essays on the subject of collective movements, a number of which were included in The Sources of Dreams (Rizzoli, Milan, 2000), were later published under the more appropriate title of My Theories and My Life. His essays from Corriere della Sera are usually in collected into book editions by Rizzoli. <mask>'s books have had a great success both in Italy and abroad, having been translated not only in countries like Japan, Spain, France, Denmark, Brazil, Sweden and many others such as Turkey and Israel. His books composed of newspaper articles have been pointed out by some critics as lacking scientific analysis, allegedly reducing to platitudinous advice about today's life and love matters. The most recent books are considered by critics innovative and notable both for originality of the content as well as writing style.Specifically  "Mystery of falling in love" in the second part of the treatise offers an original critique to the most important theories of falling in love, especially with reference to the French social school. "Sex and Love" is the first systematic analysis in the field and is a break-through in its approach to the


title: Skeme

texts:
Lonnie Alphonso Kimble (born January 3, 1990), better known by his stage name <mask>, is an American rapper and actor from Inglewood, California. Skeme has collaborated with various West Coast rappers such as the group Black Hippy, Bizzy Bone, The Game, Dom Kennedy, Nipsey Hussle, E-40, Casey Veggies and Problem among others. On October 16, 2012, Skeme released his debut studio album Alive & Living under RBC Records. His second studio album Ingleworld was released on December 17, 2013 by MADE Headlines. In July 2014, The Game announced that he had signed Skeme to Blood Money Entertainment. In 2016, Skeme told HotNewHipHop that he is not signed to Blood Money Entertainment anymore, but only affiliated with them. Later that year, Skeme signed a deal with DJ Drama and Don Cannon's Generation Now label alongside frequent collaborator Lil Uzi Vert.Early life
Lonnie Kimble was born on January 3, 1990. His parent split when he was two years old and his father was in the military. As a result, he moved in with his grandmother in Inglewood, California. Once his father came into picture at age 10, he started listening to hip hop and memorizing his favorite songs. His dad originally gave him the idea to come up with his own material and start rapping. Skeme acquired his stage name at 13, when a friend noticed his craftiness at generating money. He said most of these money making strategies, were of the illegal nature, but they allowed him to purchase a BMW 525I while he was in the twelfth grade at Gardena's Junipero Serra High School.He grew up affiliated with the Piru Blood gang and was a gangbanger


title: Skeme

texts: Statement. With basketball player Baron Davis, Skeme started a Los Angeles-based entertainment management company named L.A. UNFD. Then he signed a one-album deal with RBC Records to release his debut studio album.On October 10, 2012, <mask> revealed that track listing for his debut album, titled Alive & Living. The album contained guest appearances by Iggy Azalea, Schoolboy Q, Kendrick Lamar, Dom Kennedy and Problem. The album's production was handled by Boi-1da, The Futuristiks, DJ Mustard, THC, and DJ Dahi. The album was then released digitally on October 16, 2012. It was supported by the singles "Ain't Bout Dat Life" and "Kidz With Gunz", the latter which featured Schoolboy Q. In April 2013, <mask> told Bruce Smith of HipHopDX that he was in heavy talks with Top Dawg Entertainment about signing to their record label. He commented on it saying, ""It's yet to be seen where exactly I’m gonna go.I'm just trying to make the right move. The next move has to be the best one. [...] With that being said, I am very close to TDE, them is the homies, and we are in heavy talks. It could be something." He later stated that he chose not to sign to TDE so he did not get lost in the mix, wanting instead to remain independent and build his brand more. Skeme also revealed that he had been in talks with Def Jam Recordings, Universal and Roc Nation about record deals during 2013. However, he stated that he was in no rush to sign to a major record label.He was featured on an October 2013 commercial for Colt 45 along with Snoop Dogg, YG, Snow Tha Product, and Lil Debbie. 2013–2015: Ingleworld and first two

masks: Skeme Skeme


title: Skeme

texts:
 sequels
On September 27, 2013, Skeme released his seventh mixtape Bare With Me. It featured guest appearances by The Game, Nipsey Hussle, Problem and TeeFlii. It was met with a positive review by HipHopDX. Bare With Me consisted of left over songs from Ingleworld, that either did not fit the theme of the album, or had sample clearance issues. Following its release, Skeme appeared on E-40's "Turn Up or Burn Up" from The Block Brochure: Welcome to the Soil 6 and on The Game's "Welcome to California" from OKE. Skeme toured in promotion of his second studio album, in the United States, along with internationally in countries such as the United Kingdom and Sweden.On November 15, 2013, <mask> released the music video for "Millions" from Ingleworld. On November 26, 2013, <mask> revealed the cover artwork and the track listing for his second studio album Ingleworld. The track listing revealed that it would contain 15 songs, including guest appearances from Wale, Nipsey Hussle, Iggy Azalea and Dom Kennedy, with production handled by Boi-1da, Wizzo and Sean Momberger, among others. He explained that the album had a serious tone, which is why he choose to release it at the end of the calendar year. The album's lead single "Different" was released on December 4, 2013. Ingleworld was released digitally by MADE Headlines on December 17, 2013. The album was met with generally positive reviews.Bruce Smith of HipHopDX said, "On Ingleworld, Skeme combines an array of styles and cadences and an unheralded but highly skilled production team to craft an album with charm and depth." Olivia Arezes of Exclaim!


title: Skeme

texts:
 gave it a six out of ten saying, "Ingleworld is a valiant effort from Skeme but mediocre overall. Still, with some growth and improvement, Skeme could easily become a leader of the new West Coast sound." Following the release of the album, MTV called him one of "hip-hop's top prospects for 2014." Starting January 23, 2014, Skeme begun touring with Dom Kennedy on the Get Home Safely tour, in promotion of Kennedy's album Get Home Safely that Skeme also made an appearance on. The tour ran through February 27, 2014.<mask> was nominated for the 2014 XXL freshman class, however he was not selected. On July 14, 2014, The Game announced that Skeme had been signed to his Blood Money Entertainment Label. He released a collaboration with The Game titled "No Limit" after the announcement. He was featured heavily on the Blood Money Entertainment collaborative project released by The Game entitled Blood Moon: Year of the Wolf. In 2015, Skeme worked heavily with DJ Drama and Don Cannon as an artist in their generation.now label/company. He is still currently a part of this organization which consists of himself, DJ Drama, Don Cannon and Lil Uzi Vert. His first single of 2015 was "Red Carpet (Roll Out)".On June 9, 2015, Skeme released the mixtape Ingleworld 2 (hosted by DJ Drama), which featured artists such as The Game, T.I., RJ, Young Thug, BJ The Chicago Kid and Lil Uzi Vert. Ingleworld 2 was later released as an album as a no DJ version. Later he announced a third album in his "Ingleworld" series, which was to be released on November 13, 2015. 2015–present Ingleworld4Eva
Skeme featured on The Game's


title: Skeme

texts:
 second disc of The Documentary 2 on the song "My Flag/Da Homies", which was also released as a single prior to the album's release. A video for this song was released on December 17, 2015. Skeme also featured on a track released by rapper Wale, "Know Me". Recently, Skeme announced another and possibly final addition to his Ingleworld album series, to be entitled Ingleworld4eva.In preparation for this album, he has released a mixtape entitled "Before 4Eva" through datpiff.com and other music sites that stream free music. On May 6, 2016, DJ Drama released a single off his "Quality Street Music 2" album, title "Wishing" featuring Chris Brown, Skeme and LyQuin. A music video has been shot for the single and features DJ Drama, Chris Brown, <mask> and LyQuin, with cameo appearances by 50 Cent and The Game. Personal life
Skeme's great-uncle is the late blues legend Howlin' Wolf. Skeme has one sibling. Skeme's first son Khalil Amari Kimble, nephew to Nipsey Hussle, was born during September 2013. Musical style
Brooklyne Gipson of Complex said that Skeme is a "testament to diversity in L.A.'s sound.With his raspy voice, marked by a slight southern drawl hidden under a distinctly West Coast dialect." She then stated that his raps have the "passion of 2Pac and the wit of Lil Wayne" also complimenting his production choices. Discography

=Studio mixtapes

Mixtapes
2007: Skeme of Things
2009: Skeme of Things 2
2010: All Rap'd Up
2010: Pistols and Palm Trees
2011: The Statement
2011: Before My Next Statement
2013: Bare with Me
2015 :Ingleworld 2
 Ingleworld 3 2015
2016: Before 4Eva
2016:


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: <mask>, <mask> of Richmond Park,  (born 20 January 1975), is a British politician, life peer and journalist serving as Minister of State for the Pacific and the International Environment. A member of the Conservative Party, he was its candidate at the 2016 London mayoral election and was Member of Parliament (MP) for Richmond Park from 2010 to 2016 and 2017 to 2019. Ideologically characterised as having liberal and libertarian views, he is known for his support for environmentalism and localism. Born in London as a member of the Goldschmidt family, the son of billionaire businessman and financier <mask>, he was educated at Eton College and the Cambridge Centre for Sixth-form Studies. In 1998, his uncle <mask> made him editor of The Ecologist, a position he retained until 2007. <mask> was appointed Deputy Chairman of the Conservative Quality of Life Policy Group in 2005, co-authoring its report published in 2007. <mask> was placed on the Conservative "A-List" of potential candidates in 2006 and, in March 2007, was selected through an open primary to contest the constituency of Richmond Park against incumbent Liberal Democrat MP Susan Kramer.At the 2010 general election, he was elected to Parliament winning the seat with a majority of 4,091 votes. At the 2015 general election, <mask> was returned to the Commons with a majority of 23,015, an increase of almost 19,000 votes since 2010, against his nearest opponent. He was chosen as the Conservative candidate for the 2016 election for mayor of London, which he subsequently lost to Sadiq Khan of the Labour Party. <mask> announced his resignation as an MP following the government's decision in October 2016 to approve construction of a third runway at Heathrow Airport. His resignation

masks:
Frank Zacharias Robin Goldsmith
Baron Goldsmith
James Goldsmith
Edward Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts:
 triggered a by-election in the Richmond Park constituency in which <mask> stood as an independent candidate. He was defeated by Sarah Olney of the Liberal Democrats with a majority of 1,872 votes. After Theresa May called the 2017 general election, <mask> was reselected as the Conservative Party candidate for Richmond Park and won with a narrow majority of 45 votes.<mask> was made Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Environment and International Development on 27 July 2019 and was promoted to Minister of State with the right to attend Cabinet on 10 September 2019. He was defeated at the 2019 general election, again by Sarah Olney, with a majority of 7,766 votes. After the election, Boris Johnson awarded <mask> with a life peerage, making him a member of the House of Lords and allowing him to retain his ministerial position. On 13 February 2020, he acquired the additional role of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs with responsibility for the Pacific. Early life and career

<mask> was born on 20 January 1975 at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital in Chelsea, London. He is the middle child of Sir <mask>, a member of the <mask> family of German Jewish and French descent, and his third wife, the Anglo-Irish aristocrat, Lady Annabel Vane-Tempest-Stewart, the daughter of The 8th Marquess of Londonderry. <mask> has stated "I was brought up by my father to identify very strongly as Jewish."He was raised at Ormeley Lodge in Ham with his siblings, Jemima and Ben. He is half-brother to Robin and India Jane Birley, his mother's children from her first marriage. As a child, he was an avid reader of naturalist Gerald Durrell's works and developed a committed passion for David Attenborough's wildlife documentaries. He later

masks:
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
James Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: recalled, "He was my hero, and it was his work that made me fall in love with the natural world". His ecological interests were nurtured further when his father gave him a copy of Helena Norberg-Hodge's book Ancient Futures, with a note saying: "This will change your life". <mask> was educated at four independent schools: King's House School in Richmond and The Mall School in Twickenham, followed by Hawtreys School, near Great Bedwyn in Wiltshire, and Eton College in Berkshire; he was expelled from Eton after drugs were found in his room. <mask> later said of the event "Cannabis was found in my room.I was guilty throughout my time at school, but on this one occasion I was innocent. But it seemed pointless at the time to put up any resistance. I learned my lesson, I think you could say." He went on to achieve four A-Levels at Cambridge Centre for Sixth-Form Studies. <mask> travelled throughout the world with the International Honours Programme (courtesy of his uncle <mask>), including to Thailand, New Zealand, Mexico, Hungary and Italy. <mask> lived in California for two years, working at first for the think tank Redefining Progress from 1995 to 1996, and later as a researcher for Norberg-Hodge's International Society for Ecology and Culture (ISEC) during 1996–98. While working with ISEC, <mask> travelled to India, spending a short time on an ashram in Rajasthan and later lived in Ladakh for six months, studying traditional cultures and helping run a tourist education programme.In 1997, <mask> was appointed reviews editor of The Ecologist by his uncle <mask>, the magazine's founding editor, owner and publisher. In 1998, he became editor-in-chief and director of The Ecologist but did not draw a salary. He relaunched The Ecologist

masks:
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Edward Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Edward Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts:
 on 28 March 2000 in a new format, transforming its academic journal-style into a current affairs-magazine format, thereby broadening its appeal and trebling its circulation. In January 2006, when assuming a post as the reviewer of the Conservative Party's environmental policies, it was announced that he was to step down as editor. Political career

Joining the Conservatives: 2005–2010

<mask> joined the Conservative Party in 2005. He had previously supported the election campaigns of Michael Gove and Joanne Cash. He stated he regarded Labour as "the party of big business" which had become shaped by big lobbying groups and which had become too authoritarian and centrist.After the Conservatives lost the 2005 general election to Labour, they elected David Cameron as their new leader. <mask> thought highly of Cameron, expressing the view that while he was generally "cynical about politicians", he felt that Cameron was different. Describing Cameron, he said "I don't know David Cameron very well... [but] I like him. I think you can judge a book by its cover... [and] I think the cover is pretty good." At the 2005 Conservative annual conference, <mask> stated he saw no contradiction between his interest in environmental issues and being a Conservative. In December 2005, David Cameron approved <mask>'s appointment as deputy chairman of the Quality of Life Policy Group, under former Environment Secretary John Gummer. The group was tasked with examining matters such as carbon emissions, climate change, clean air and transport with a view to formulating Conservative policy.The group's 600-page report, jointly authored by <mask> and Gummer, was presented at the Royal Institute of British Architects on 13 September 2007. Its proposals

masks: Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: included a moratorium on airport expansions; taxing short-haul flights and highly polluting vehicles, with proceeds being used to cut the cost of clean alternatives; and rebates on stamp duty and council tax for people who improved the energy efficiency of their homes. The report drew criticism from Labour, several Conservative politicians and the aviation industry. For Cameron, the report was an important part of rebranding the party to escape its reputation as the "Nasty Party" and pledged many of its recommendations would be included in the manifesto. David Cameron recognised <mask> as a good prospective parliamentary candidate and in May 2006 placed him on the Conservative A-List of young and diverse candidates whom he wanted to stand at the 2010 general election. The Conservatives initially placed <mask> as their candidate for the safe seat of East Hampshire. <mask> felt uneasy about representing this constituency, with which he had no previous connection, and thus pulled out to avoid carpetbagging.He then entered the Richmond Park Conservative Association's open primary, which he won in March 2007. In 2007, <mask> opposed the opening of a superstore by supermarket chain Sainsbury's in Barnes. He spearheaded a referendum conducted by the Electoral Reform Society to poll local residents on the issue, working closely with a local campaign group. With a turnout of 61.6%, more than 4,000 residents, who made up 85% of the votes cast, came forward to oppose the construction of the store at White Hart Lane. Sainsbury's ultimately opened the branch after revising its planning application. In 2008 <mask> was asked to comment about donations of £7,000 to his Party while not on the electoral register. Commenting on the issue, <mask>

masks: Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: explained: "everything has been declared on time and accurately; however, for a few weeks last year I was not on the Electoral Roll, my name having been removed from Kensington and Chelsea's voter list, given that I was in the process of signing up for Richmond.Whatever was donated in that time may have to be repaid, but there is no suggestion that anything other was improprietous". In late 2009, the press asserted that <mask> had non-domiciled status and that as a London resident, albeit a discretionary beneficiary, he had use of British properties through a trust set up by his late father. <mask> responded, in a statement about the suggestion of tax avoidance, that he has "always chosen to be tax resident in the UK" and virtually all his income was paid into British banks. Of non-dom status as a result of his late father's international status, <mask> added that he had already instructed his accountants to relinquish it of his own volition by early 2009. However, Chris Huhne, the Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesperson, said that <mask> was likely to have avoided paying £580,000 per year for each year in the previous decade as a result of his non-dom status. In February 2016, The Evening Standard quoted <mask> stating that non-domiciled status let individuals "make lifestyle choices to avoid paying tax" and saying "I've never been accused of not paying tax." In 2010, the Labour government sought to recover its expenditure on a programme of remedial works on the public car parks in Richmond Park through the introduction of parking fees for visitors to the royal park.<mask> organised a rally attended by over 1,000 people in the royal park on 30 January 2010 in conjunction with other local Conservatives to protest the


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts:
 proposed charging. Parliamentary career: 2010–2015
<mask> defeated the Liberal Democrat MP Susan Kramer in Richmond Park at the 2010 general election; he saw a 7% swing in the vote go to him. The election resulted in a hung parliament and the formation of a coalition government led by Cameron and the Conservatives. At the next general election, in May 2015, he increased his majority from 4,091 to 23,015 votes. He achieved an increase of 8.5 percent of the share of the vote from the 2010 general election, receiving a total of 58.2 percent of all votes cast by his constituents. This was the biggest increase in majority of any MP at the 2015 general election. In July 2010, Channel 4 News questioned whether <mask> <mask>" and "Vote Conservative" could be charged to the election budget for a local election candidate when that other candidate was not mentioned on the sign. <mask> responded that it had been "checked" and was "standard practice" across the country. The second question was about jackets with "I back Zac" stickers on the back."They cost £2,168 but you only said you paid (spent) £170". <mask> said the stickers cost £170 and the jackets were "off the shelf" and would be reused for other campaigns. <mask> clashed with presenter Jon Snow, who accused him of "prevaricating" in a confrontational live interview on Channel 4 News. Both parties criticised each other in the aftermath. Snow suggested <mask> take the matter to OFCOM, which rejected <mask>'s complaint about Snow and Channel 4 News''' conduct. The Bureau of Investigative Journalism complained to the Electoral Commission over the report about <mask>'s expenses. The Commission announced, following their initial 5-day assessment, they had decided to upgrade the

masks: Goldsmith Goldsmithac Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts:
 investigation to the status of "case under review" and to make enquiries "in order to establish the facts of the matter".They reported in December 2010, deciding in "the absence of any evidence of intentional circumvention of the rules, we do not consider that a referral to the police is appropriate." However, they did observe the cost-sharing between general election and local election contests was "not consistent with the Commission's guidance or good practice", the submission was "unclear in places" and <mask>'s campaign may have overspent by £966 in the short campaign. "Case Summary: Case review concerning campaign expenditure return in respect of <mask> <mask> MP" , The Electoral Commission website; accessed 16 May 2016. <mask> co-ordinated a cross-party group of MPs to call for a Hillsborough-style inquiry into child sex abuse. He co-wrote a letter to Home Secretary Theresa May demanding a full independent inquiry with six other MPs: Tim Loughton, Tom Watson, Simon Danczuk, John Hemming, Tessa Munt and Caroline Lucas. The Prime Minister, David Cameron, initially rejected the call but was subsequently forced to concede, after 145 further MPs added their names to <mask> et al.s letter. In December 2015, <mask> voted in support of the government's plans to expand the aerial bombing of Islamic State targets.He also endorsed a government bill that would have restricted trade unions in their ability to strike. London mayoral campaign

<mask> had initially ruled out standing as a candidate in the 2016 London mayoral election, stating that "I think people have had quite enough of white male Etonians". However, as the election approached, it became apparent that he was the Conservatives' strongest potential candidate. On 9 June

masks: Goldsmith Zac Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: 2015, <mask> announced his interest in running for the mayoralty of London after encouragement both from members of his own party and others (notably the former Green Party Candidate Jenny Jones, Baroness Jones of Moulsecoomb).London Evening Standard: Baroness Jones indicates Green Party support for <mask> <mask> as Mayor  Before declaring himself as a nominee, <mask> spent around £50,000 of his own money sending a postal ballot to his 77,000 Richmond Park constituents, asking them if they would consent to him standing for Mayor. A majority who responded supported him. On 23 June 2015, he formally put his name forward with his three rivals being Andrew Boff, Syed Kamall, and Stephen Greenhalgh. The London Conservatives held an open primary, in which 9,227 votes were cast; of these, 6,514 went to <mask>.In October, <mask>'s selection as Conservative Mayoral candidate was announced in a press release without accompanying ceremony. During his campaign, <mask> repeatedly spoke out against proposed expansion of Heathrow Airport. He stated that he was confident that the Cameron government would reject Heathrow expansion but that if they did not then he would resign as an MP and trigger a by-election. In July 2015, he also condemned the Airports Commission report written by the economist Howard Davies which backed Heathrow expansion; <mask> claimed that Davies had already decided on his conclusion before producing the three-year study. Davies responded by alleging that <mask> was lying, but the latter stood by his claim, as evidence citing that information he supplied to Davies' commission was not taken seriously. A key issue in the campaign was London's housing shortage. To deal with the problem, <mask> suggested building "high

masks: Goldsmith Zac Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: density, low-rise buildings which are in keeping with communities" on publicly owned land currently controlled by the boroughs or Transport for London.He went against prevailing opinion in London by welcoming foreign investment into the property market, arguing that this investment could help to finance more house building. He ruled out supporting development on London's Green Belt, although stated that option might need to be considered in ten or fifteen years hence if the city's population continued to rise. He also suggested an expansion of the London congestion zone, and endorsed Boris Johnson's plans to construct a Garden Bridge across the River Thames. <mask> hired Lynton Crosby's company to run his campaign and appointed Mark Fulbrook as his campaign director. <mask>'s campaign emphasised connections between London Labour candidate Sadiq Khan and newly elected socialist Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, despite Khan's own attempts to distance himself from Corbyn. Both the Conservative campaign and several Conservative-aligned newspapers sought to tar Khan as an apologist for, or even sympathiser with, Islamic extremism. <mask>'s campaign material referred to Khan as "radical and divisive", while comments on the Conservatives' Facebook campaign material often displayed anti-Muslim sentiment.Labour accused <mask>'s campaign of using 'dog-whistle politics' and racist or Islamophobic campaigning. In April 2016, Labour MP Yvette Cooper wrote "What started as a subtle dog-whistle is becoming a full blown racist scream". Conservative politician Baroness Warsi also criticised <mask> for using an image of the bus destroyed in the 7/7 terrorist attacks to illustrate an article he wrote. <mask> was also accused of 'racial profiling'


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts:
 voters in the London mayoral campaign. <mask> strongly denied claims his campaign had been racist and accused his rival Khan of 'playing the race card'. The Conservatives responded it was "utterly predictable that Labour label their opponents as racists", citing the fact that during the 2008 mayoral campaign, the party had also accused Johnson of employing racist rhetoric. Khan's campaign emphasised <mask>'s comparative lack of political experience and employment history.Khan portrayed <mask> as a spoiled dilettante, stating that he "never finished anything he starts ... he's somebody who before becoming a member of parliament has had one proper job, which was given to him by his uncle." <mask> went on to lose the election to Sadiq Khan in the second round by 315,529 votes. Khan achieved 57% of the vote to <mask>'s 43% and polled a record number of votes after second round votes were counted. <mask>'s campaign was later criticised by Labour MP David Lammy for being "divisive" by focusing on attempts to link Khan to Islamist extremists. By-election and political return: 2016–2019
<mask> had promised, as far back as a June 2012 edition of the BBC's Sunday Politics programme, he would not stand as a Conservative candidate at the next election if the Conservative Party backed the expansion of Heathrow Airport, an issue to which he was strongly opposed. In December 2016, he lost a by-election in Richmond Park he had initiated by the act of resigning his seat. He stood as an independent instead of as a Conservative but was endorsed by UKIP who did not stand a candidate.He lost to Sarah Olney of the Liberal Democrats, who overturned his majority of 23,000. In April 2017, <mask> was reselected as the Conservative Party candidate for

masks: Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

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 Richmond Park prior to the upcoming snap general election to be held on 8 June. He regained the constituency as a Conservative candidate but winning with a majority of just 45 votes, the fifth-slimmest in the election. Following Boris Johnson's election as Conservative Party leader and Prime Minister in July 2019, <mask> was appointed as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at both the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and Department for International Development. After Amber Rudd's resignation as Work and Pensions Secretary in September 2019, Johnson reshuffled his frontbench and promoted <mask> to Minister of State with the right to attend Cabinet. Upon his promotion, he was sworn in as a member of the Privy Council, giving him the honorific title "The Right Honourable" for life. He appeared at number 98 on the 'Top 100 Most Influential Conservatives of 2019' by LBC's Iain Dale.Liberal Democrat Sarah Olney defeated <mask> by 7,766 votes in the 12 December 2019 snap general election (despite the election providing the Conservative Party's largest share of votes since 1979) and won back the Richmond Park seat. Shortly after his electoral defeat, it was announced he would continue to serve as a minister in the government by being awarded a life peerage and sitting as a member of the House of Lords. House of Lords: 2019–present
On 7 January 2020, <mask> was created Baron <mask> of Richmond Park', of Richmond Park in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. His ennoblement to the House of Lords was criticised by the Muslim Council of Britain as "rewarding racism", and by opposition politicians as being "cronyist" and "hypocritical" in light of a tweet <mask> had made in 2012 which described the House of


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: Lords Reform Bill as being one that promoted "party apparatchiks" and "insulated" them from "democratic pressure". However, Labour MP and former Shadow Environment Secretary Kerry McCarthy said she believed Goldsmith was committed to the government's promise to maintain standards in environmental regulation after Brexit, adding: "because of that I welcome the fact that he is still around to carry on and do that work". In his maiden speech in the House of Lords, <mask> rebutted accusations of cronyism, saying "One political rival described me as a 'turd that won't flush' – a phrase my children are very unlikely to let me forget. But equally I know many of those heroic people engaged in the battle to protect this extraordinary planet and the species it holds are cheered by having another voice in Parliament and it is an enormous privilege."In Boris Johnson's post-Brexit reshuffle, <mask> was given the additional role of Minister of State for Foreign Affairs with responsibility for the Pacific. In June 2020, Johnson announced the Department for International Development would be merged with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office to form the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office which was subsequently created in September of that year. On 1 June 2020, the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards concluded <mask> had breached the standards commission's code of conduct by his use of publicly-funded stationery and postage for political purposes around 1 November 2019, shortly before the 2019 general election. The commission released a report in June upholding an allegation made against <mask> on 5 November 2019. The report said they had considered the "timing, tone, and content of the letter and concluded that it was of a

masks: Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith Goldsmith


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts: party-political nature rather than a communication for parliamentary purposes". He accepted the commission's finding and agreed to re-pay £8,954.33 to cover the mailing costs. Political positions and viewsThe Guardian described <mask> as "a bit of a liberal and a bit of a libertarian" on social issues, who has also gained a reputation for environmentalism due to his opposition to his government's plans to expand Heathrow airport.Journalist Dave Hill noted that the "young <mask> was pro-small business and small communities, localist and conservationist" and was "against overbearing government from whatever the source". <mask> has spoken and written about environmental causes in Britain and has twice been invited to debate at the Oxford Union, where he has delivered keynote addresses. As a contributing author of the book We Are One: A Celebration of Tribal Peoples, published in late 2009, <mask> has explored global diversities and threats facing humankind. Among the other contributors are western writers, such as Laurens van der Post, Noam Chomsky, Claude Lévi-Strauss and indigenous persons, such as Davi Kopenawa Yanomami and Roy Sesana. The book is composed of a collection of photographs, statements from tribal people, and essays from international authors, politicians, philosophers, poets, artists, journalists, anthropologists, environmentalists and photojournalists. In his essay, <mask> writes about how his travel around the world in his youth gave him first-hand experience of the misery brought by the promise of western "progress" and "development". He reflects on the culture of tribal people and, in reverence to it, urges people in the modern world to question what "progress" can really mean.<mask> advocates greater direct


title: Zac Goldsmith

texts:
 democracy, such as Switzerland's model of using referendums. <mask> believes that direct democracy would help combat feelings of disenfranchisement among people and increase accountability. He has also argued in favour of introducing measures so that MPs can be subject to recall referendums midway through their term if a sufficiently large number of their constituents petition for it. <mask> is a long-standing Eurosceptic and supporter of Brexit. He first announced he was in favour of the UK leaving the European Union in 2013 and has consistently voted against UK membership of the EU in Parliament. In March 2019, he was one of 265 Conservative MPs that backed a no-deal Brexit being left on the table. Among <mask>'s key interests is education; in an interview with Fairtrade fashion designers People Tree, he said "I've put a big emphasis on schools.One campaign is to ensure every school [is] fitted with a proper kitchen that can double up as a classroom. Children need to know where their food comes from and how to cook it. We're also trying to help every school source its food sustainably and locally". Less than 24 hours after the 2017 Barcelona attacks, <mask> shared his brother's controversial post on social media which compared ISIS's antisemitism to that of the left-wing British campaign group Momentum. Fundraising

<mask> funded the Organic Targets Bill Campaign to promote organic farming in 1999. He has been a member of the advisory board of the JMG Foundation, which disburses grants globally to a range of environmental advocacy groups using the financial legacy left by <mask> Eminescu Trust which conserves and maintains communities in Transylvania and the Maramureş, and the philanthropic organization, Fortune Forum

masks:
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Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
Goldsmith
James Goldsmithhai