title: Tito Lara

texts:
 Colón, founders and directors of the Puerto Rican Christian music group Peregrinos y Extranjeros, for the CD "Buscando aquella ciudad" ("Looking for that city") (Pilgrim Music), and recording two beautiful projects as a soloist. The first one was titled "Él" ("He"); the second one: "Señor Amigo" ("My Lord, my friend").Most of the lyrics of his sacred songs talked about grace, eternal live, hope, and love for his Lord, Jesus Christ. When visiting churches to sing live or presenting concerts, he always said: "I sing happily because I believe in the words I sing". His version in Spanish of the Frankie Laine hit I Believe, titled "Tengo Fe", became his signature song. He also participated in "Noche de Gala", a musical variety show hosted by T.V. personality Eddie Miró, for the celebration of Easter, singing the famous duet with Maribel Soto. In 1985, <mask> participated in the Concierto de Navidad (Christmas Concert) held at the "Luis A. Ferré Center for the Performing Arts" in San Juan. In 1986, he held concerts in the Brooklyn Center for the Performing Arts and at the Hostos Center of Culture in the Bronx.That year he also recorded his last album, Los Cuatro Ases (The Four Aces). Personal life

<mask> was married to Nilda Maria Canino from 1953 to his death. In addition to his wife, he was survived by his three children. He died on June 23, 1987, aged 54, and was laid to rest in Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery in Old San Juan. See also

List of Puerto Ricans

References

External links
Popular Culture

1932 births
1987 deaths
Burials at Santa María Magdalena de Pazzis Cemetery
Puerto Rican Protestants
People from Río Piedras, Puerto Rico
Singers from San Juan, Puerto Rico
20th-century Puerto Rican male singers
Converts to Protestantism from Roman

masks: Lara Lara


title: Wang Yanxi

type: original

texts:
<mask> () (died April 8, 944), known as <mask> () during his reign, formally Emperor Jingzong of Min (), was an emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period state Min. He became Min's ruler after a coup that overthrew his nephew <mask> (<mask>, Emperor Kangzong) in 939. With his reign being a cruel one, the imperial guard officers Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu (who were instrumental in the coup that brought him to power) assassinated him and slaughtered the imperial <mask> clan. Zhu thereafter claimed the title of Emperor of Min. Background
It is not known when <mask> was born, but it is known that he was the 28th son of <mask>, commonly regarded as Min's first ruler and later posthumously honored as Emperor Taizu (although formally, <mask> remained a vassal of Tang and Later Liang). Historical accounts did not indicate who his mother was. Historical accounts also did not discuss most of <mask>'s activities during the next three rulers of Min—<mask>'s older brothers <mask> and <mask> (also known as <mask>, Emperor Huizong), and nephew (<mask>'s son) <mask> (also known as <mask>, Emperor Kangzong).Based on the timing of subsequent events, it appeared likely (although not conclusively so) that at some point while still being a subject, he married the daughter of the official Li Zhen () as his wife. (It is possible that he married her after he became emperor.) It is known, however, that there was a time when an emissary of Silla offered a sword to <mask>g as a gift at a feast. When

masks:
Wang Yanxi
Wang Xi
Wang Jipeng
Wang Chang
Wang
Wang Yanxi
Wang Shenzhi
Wang Shenzhi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanhan
Wang Yanjun
Wang Lin
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jipeng
Wang Chang
Wang Jipen


title: Wang Yanxi

texts:
 <mask>g showed it to the chancellor <mask> () and asked <mask>, "What can I use it for?" and <mask> responded, "You can use it to behead unfaithful subjects," <mask>, who happened to be at the feast as well and who was already secretly having designs on the throne, was so shocked that his expressions changed. At one point, <mask> apparently received the titles of Zuo Pushe () and chancellor (同中書門下平章事, Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi), but fearing that <mask>g would suspect him, he pretended to be crazy and dumb. <mask>g thereafter gave him Taoist monk's robes, and placed him in the Wuyi Mountains, but later recalled him to the capital Changle (長樂, in modern Fuzhou, Fujian) and put him under house arrest.By 939, <mask>g had alienated two elite corps that his father <mask> established, the Gongchen () and the Anhe (), by establishing his own elite corps, the Chenwei (). The commanders of the Gongchen and Anhe corps, Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu, feared death, and therefore decided to mutiny. They rose and defeated <mask>g's Chenwei corps, and then went to <mask>'s mansion, offering the throne to him. <mask>g fled, but was later captured and executed. <mask> took the throne. Reign

As King of Min
While <mask> took on much of the imperial trappings—including commissioning officials for his imperial administration, issuing a general pardon, and changing era name—he nevertheless only assumed the title of King of Min at the moment and submitted a petition to Shi Jingtang, the emperor of Later Jin,

masks:
Wang Jipen
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi
Wang Jipen
Wang Jipen
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanxi
Wang Jipen
Wang Yanxi
Wang Yanxi


title: Wang Yanxi

texts: which then controlled the Central Plains, to be Later Jin's vassal. He changed his name to <mask>.Publicly, in announcing <mask>peng's death, he blamed it on a mutiny by the Chenwei Corps. He commissioned (presumably by this point) his father-in-law Li Zhen as chancellor. A number of sorcerers who had misled <mask>g were executed. However, <mask>, once his power was affirmed, turned out to be arrogant, licentious, and cruel, and he was suspicious of other members of the <mask> imperial clan. His younger brother <mask>g the prefect of Jian Prefecture (建州, in modern Nanping, Fujian) often wrote him to try to correct his behavior, but that led him to be angry. He sent his close associates Ye Qiao () to serve as monitor of <mask>g's army, and Du Hanchong () to serve as monitor of the army at Nanzhen Base (南鎮軍, near Jian). Both Ye and Du frequently submitted reports of their suspicions about <mask>g, adding to the friction.In 940, after an argument between <mask>g and Ye, <mask>g tried to arrest Ye, but Ye was able to flee. <mask>g then rose in full rebellion against <mask>'s administration, and he quickly defeated the imperial generals in Jian's vicinity. When <mask> then sent the generals Pan Shikui () and Wu Xingzhen () to attack Jian, <mask>g sought aid from Min's northern neighbor Wuyue. Wuyue's king Qian Yuanguan sent a detachment commanded by Yang Renquan and Xue Wanzhong () to aid <mask>g, but <mask>g defeated Pan and Wu before the Wuyue army's arrival. He then tried to send the Wuyue army

masks:
Wang Xi
Wang Ji
Wang Jipen
Wang Xi
Wang
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen


title: Wang Yanxi

texts: away, but Yang and Xue refused to leave Jian's vicinity. <mask>g then turned around and sought aid from <mask>, who sent their nephew <mask> () to head toward Jian and cut off the supply routes of Yang and Xue's army. <mask>g then defeated them, forcing them to retreat.Subsequently, Min's northwestern neighbor Southern Tang's emperor Li Bian sent emissaries to <mask> and <mask>g, trying to quell their dispute. Under Li Bian's moderation, <mask>g sent servants to Changle, and his servants subsequently swore an oath, on his behalf, with <mask>, at their father <mask>zhi's tomb, formally entering a peace between the brothers, but privately, they remained suspicious of each other. <mask> subsequently build up Changle's defenses to defend a possible attack, and the conscription, as well as <mask>'s encouragement for people to become Buddhist monks, led to some 11,000 men becoming monks. Meanwhile, Shi, who had previously cut off relations with Min due to the arrogance of <mask>peng (who wanted the two states to be treated equally, angering Shi), received <mask>'s petition, and thereafter created him the King of Min and gave him the titles of military governor (Jiedushi) of Weiwu Circuit (威武, headquartered at Changle)—a tradition title held by Min's rulers when in subordination to the central Chinese regimes—and honorary chancellor title of Zhongshu Ling (). In 941, when <mask>g requested the title of military governor of Weiwu, <mask> declined to give him the title (citing the longstanding tradition

masks:
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Jiye
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Shen
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi


title: Wang Yanxi

texts:
 of Weiwu being seated at Changle), but commissioned him as the military governor of a new Zhen'an Circuit (), to be headquartered at Jian. (<mask>g, though, did not like the name of Zhen'an, and therefore referred to himself as military governor of Zhenwu ()  Also in 941, <mask> commissioned his son <mask> as chancellor and the commander of the imperial guards. Later that year, suspecting an alliance between <mask> Yanzheng and <mask> Jiye (who was then serving as the prefect of Quan Prefecture (泉州, in modern Quanzhou, Fujian)), he summoned <mask> Jiye back from Quan and forced <mask> Jiye to commit suicide.As Emperor of Min
In fall 941, <mask> claimed the title of emperor—although only the Huang () component, not the full Huangdi () title, and continued to also claim the title of military governor of Weiwu, apparently trying to maintain some resemblance of a vassal relationship to Later Jin. Meanwhile, even though he created <mask>g the Prince of Fusha, the military hostilities between him and <mask>g resumed, such that it was said that the side of roads between Changle and Jian were overlaid with bones from dead soldiers. Meanwhile, fearing that <mask>'s successor at Quan, <mask> () (a son of <mask>'s, and therefore also a nephew) was becoming popular with the people, he recalled <mask> and then poisoned <mask> to death. Shortly after, he created <mask>, who then carried the title of Prince of Langye, the Prince of Changle and made <mask> the military governor of Weiwu. In winter 941, <mask>

masks:
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Jiye
Wang Jiyan
Wang Yanjun
Wang Jiyan
Wang Jiyan
Wang Yacheng
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi


title: Wang Yanxi

texts: assumed the full title of Huangdi. In spring 942, he created Li Zhen's daughter—who, based on the sequence of events, he was likely to have married while still being a subject, as she was described to be the mother of <mask>—empress. It was said that she liked drinking and had a strong personality, such that <mask> both favored and feared her.Shortly after, he created <mask> the Prince of Min. Meanwhile, the battles with <mask>g continued. In fall 942, <mask> sent emissaries carrying his personally written edicts, gold, money, and official commissions (to allow <mask>g to commission his subordinates as officials) to <mask>g, seeking peace, but <mask>g rejected the overture. Meanwhile, when another nephew, <mask>rou (), was unable to drink at a feast and secretly reduced the wine served him, <mask> became angry and put him to death, as well as the officer serving the wine to him. In 942, there was a time when <mask> commissioned the chancellor Yu Tingying to be the prefect of Quan. Yu engaged in corruption upon arriving there, including taking women for himself while claiming that he was doing so under <mask>'s orders, for the women to serve as consorts in <mask>'s palace. When <mask> received reports of this, he sent imperial censors to investigate.In fear, Yu returned to Changle, trying to defend himself. <mask> was set to have him arrested, when Yu offered a large tribute of money. <mask> was pleased, and, after extracting a second tribute (on Empress Li's behalf), allowed Yu to return to

masks:
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi


title: Wang Yanxi

texts: Quan. Indeed, after this incident, the officials began to directly offer tributes to the empress. Subsequently, he even recalled Yu and made Yu a chancellor again. Around the same time, he also made his nephew Li Renyu () (the son of one of his sisters and the chancellor Li Min (), and brother to <mask>peng's first wife) and Li Guangzhun () chancellors—in Li Renyu's case, because Li Renyu, who was described to be young and handsome, gained his favor by apparently having sexual relations with him. In spring 943, <mask>g formally declared himself emperor of a breakaway state of Yin.Meanwhile, <mask> took the daughter of the general Shang Baoyin () and became infatuated with her due to her beauty. It was said that if he were drunk, he would do whatever Consort Shang asked him to do, whether it comes to killing people or sparing people. Around the same time, there was a time when someone offered a sword to him. This caused him to remember the incident involving <mask> during <mask>peng's reign, and he opened up <mask>'s grave and cut <mask>'s body into pieces. In winter 943, there was a time when <mask> was giving one of his daughters away in marriage. When he realized that 12 of his imperial officials did not congratulate her, he had them caned. As the deputy chief imperial censor Liu Zan () did not, until that occurred, indict them, he wanted to cane Liu as well.The official Zheng Yuanbi () tried to intercede on Liu's behalf, and when <mask> stated, "Are you, lord, trying to be Wei Zheng?" Zheng

masks:
Wang Ji
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Tan
Wang Ji
Wang Tan
Wang Tan
Wang Xi
Wang Xi


title: Wang Yanxi

texts: responded, "I, your subject, treat Your Imperial Majesty as Emperor Taizong of Tang, and that is why I am trying to be Wei Zheng." Only then was <mask>'s anger soothed somewhat, and he released Liu, but Liu later died due to anxiety from this incident. Early in 944, Li Bian's son and successor Li Jing wrote to both <mask> and <mask>g to rebuke them for their intrafamily family war. <mask>'s return letter to Li Jing cited the examples of the Duke of Zhou's executions of his brothers the Lords of Guan and Cai and Emperor Taizong's killing of his brothers Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji. <mask>g's return letter to Li Jing, however, was more confrontational, rebuking Li Jing's father Li Bian for usurping the throne of Southern Tang's predecessor state Wu. In anger, Li Jing cut off relations with Yin.Meanwhile, over the years, Zhu Wenjin and Lian Chongyu had continued to be concerned that they would be killed on account of having killed <mask>peng. They became increasingly fearful after <mask>, while drunk, killed their associate Wei Conglang (), and after <mask> recited in their presence, in one occasion, Bai Juyi's poem, which stated, "When it comes to matching people's hearts, one cannot have any expectations even when they were physically close." Meanwhile, Empress Li was jealous of the favor that Consort Shang had gained, and wanted to have <mask> killed so that her son <mask> could become emperor. She therefore sent information to Zhu and Lian that <mask> was suspicious of them. In spring 944,

masks:
Wang
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Xi
Wang Yanzhen
Wang Ji
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi


title: Wang Yanxi

texts:
 there was a time when Empress Li's father Li Zhen had fallen ill, and <mask> went to visit him. As <mask> rode a horse to Li Zhen's mansion, Zhu and Lian had the officer Qian Da () assassinate <mask> even as he was on the horse. They publicly declared that, given the cruel reigns that several straight <mask> emperors had demonstrated, it was time for someone else—and Lian then declared Zhu the new emperor.They slaughtered the members of the <mask> clan at Changle, including Empress Li and <mask>, although they still buried <mask> with ceremony due an emperor. Notes and references

 Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 134. New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 68. Spring and Autumn Annals of the Ten Kingdoms, vol. 92.Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 282, 283, 284. |-

|-

|-

944 deaths
Generals from Fujian
Min Kingdom rulers
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms emperors
Assassinated Chinese politicians
Later Jin (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Weiwu Circuit
Min Kingdom chancellors
Min Kingdom Taoists
Min Kingdom Buddhists
Year of birth unknown
10th-century births
Politicians from Fuzhou
Murdered Chinese emperors
Chinese Buddhist

masks:
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang Xi
Wang
Wang
Wang Yacheng
Wang Xi


title: Alice Shields

texts: <mask> (born <mask><mask>, Manhattan, New York, February 18, 1943) is an American classical composer. She is a respected electronic composer particularly known for her cross-cultural work in opera. As a performer, <mask> has been a professional opera singer, performing both traditional and modern roles with the New York City Opera, Metropolitan Opera At-The-Forum, Washington National Opera, Clarion Music Society, Wolf Trap Opera, the Lake George Opera Festival and other opera companies. During the 1990s she intensively studied and performed South Indian Bharata Natyam dance-drama as a vocalist, performing nattuvangam, a form of South Indian rhythmic recitation with the Swati Bhise Bharata Natyam Dance Company, at venues including the United Nations, Asia Society and Wesleyan University. All <mask>' compositions since 2000 reflect her immersion in Indian classical music and drama. Since 2016 <mask> has been involved in the study of Noh theater. <mask> earned three degrees from Columbia University including the Doctor of Musical Arts in music composition, studying with Vladimir Ussachevsky, Jack Beeson, Otto Luening and Chou Wen-Chung.She served as Associate Director of the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center and Director for Development of the Columbia University Computer Music Center. She has taught the psychology of Music as Professor of Psychology at New York University and lectures on the psychology of music at institutions including the Santa Fe Opera, CUNY Center for Developmental Neuroscience, International Society for Research on Emotion, American Psychological Association and the National Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. <mask>' 2018 environmental opera "ZHAOJÜN - The Woman Who Saved the World" for soprano, baritone and seven instruments was performed in concert in November, 2018 by the

masks:
Alice Shields
Alice F
. Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields
Shields


title: Alice Shields

texts:
 Association for the Promotion of New Music at the Baruch Performing Arts Center in New York City. In this opera, to end environmental destruction and create universal peace, Zhaojün steps out of ancient times into the 21st century to confront a character called The Emperor. <mask>' 2010 feminist opera Criseyde is a radical re-write of Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, and is sung in Middle English. It was performed in concert at the New York City Opera VOX Festival in May 2008. <mask>' work is published by the American Composers Alliance: , and is recorded on Koch International Classics, New World, CRI, American Composers Alliance Recordings, Tellus, Opus One and Albany Records.ZHAOJÜN - The Woman Who Saved the World   (2018) - opera in 1 act for soprano, baritone & 7 instruments; libretto by the composer, inspired by ancient Chinese poetry & plays: to stop environmental destruction & create universal peace, Zhaojün steps out of ancient times into the 21st century to confront the Emperor, the modern ruler of the world. Instrument and Electronics
 Azure  (2003) for flute, violin, viola, cello & fixed audio media, in Todi raga
 Mioritza — Requiem for Rachel Corrie  (2004) for solo trombone & fixed audio media, with poem by <mask>
 Kyrielle  (2005) for solo violin and fixed audio media, based on Gregorian chants associated with the Virgin Mary. Line of Apogee, New World Records #80389, composed assisting Vladimir Ussachevsky - 1991
 El's Aria, Opus One records #90, aria for soprano, flute and fixed audio media from the opera SHAMAN - ? Apocalypse - An Electronic Opera New World Records #NWCR647, with Michael Willson, baritone; <mask>, mezzo-soprano & Jim Matus, electric guitar - 1993
 Study for Voice and Tape, Dance Piece No.3, New World Records #80521, sung by <mask> - 1997
 Komachi at Sekidera, Koch

masks:
Shields
Shields
Shields
Alice Shields
Shields


title: Alice Shields

texts:
 International Classics #3-7503-2111  - ? The Transformation of Ani, New World Records #80644 (digital re-issue from 1970)- 2006
 Organ Screaming & Dawn Wind, New World Records #NWCR670, from the opera Apocalypse, sung by <mask> - 2007
 Shenandoah - Three Electronic Works Albany Records #TROY699 - 2004
 The Transformation of Ani, New World Records #NWCRL268 - 2010
 Kyrelle, Albany Records #TROY1305, for violin & fixed audio media, with Airi Yoshioka, violin
 White Heron Dance, ACA Recordings #USA-ACA193428351646; based on the Japanese Sa-gi Mai ritual: a human being experiences a moment of union with the sounds of nature - 2018

Filmography

 Cycle of Apples (2019), a collaboration between Shields and Maha Al-Saati. The film includes the opera pieces Agnus Dei (1992), Criseyde's Dream (2008), Quartet for Piano and Percussion (2016), The River of Memory for trombone & electronics (2016). References

External links
Alice Shields official site
Alice Shields page from American Music Center site
Video Archive
"Women in Sound Art: Seven Musical Micro-Portraits"
"Women Composers and Music Technology in the United States: Crossing the Line " by Elizabeth Hinkle-Turner
"The Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center"
"Women and music technology: pioneers, precedents and issues in the United States"

1943 births
20th-century classical composers
21st-century American composers
21st-century classical composers
American classical composers
American women classical composers
American electronic musicians
American opera composers
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
Living people
Women in classical music
American women in electronic music
Women opera composers
20th-century American women musicians
20th-century American composers
21st-century American women musicians
20th-century women composers
21st-century women


title: Albert Prisse

texts:
<mask>-Florent-<mask> (24 June 1788 – 22 November 1856) was a Belgian soldier, engineer, diplomat and statesman of French origin. His family lost their fortune during the French Revolution. He served in the army of Napoleon between 1809 and 1814 in Austria, Spain and the Netherlands. In 1816 he became a naturalized citizen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and served in the army as a surveyor. When Belgium broke away from the Netherlands in 1830 he became an officer of the new Belgian army. He served in various military commands, represented Belgium at the Court of the Hague for three years, and was Belgian Minister of War in 1846–47. Early years: 1788–1809

<mask>-Florent-<mask> was born in Maubeuge, Nord, France on 24 July 1788.His family originated in England and seems to have settled in French Hainaut late in the 17th century. His father became a lawyer in Flanders and an advisor to the king. During the French Revolution <mask> was sent to stay with his uncle, Louis-<mask>-<mask>, a captain with the forces of the Dutch Republic. His parents were thrown in prison, where his mother died, and the family fortune was lost. After the fall of Robespierre his father regained his freedom and was given various official appointments in Maastricht. <mask> studied at the Prytanée National Militaire in Paris, then the Lycée de Bruxelles. On 1 December 1807 <mask> enrolled in the École spéciale militaire in Fontainebleau.He graduated on 25 March 1809 as a second lieutenant. Napoleonic army: 1809–15

On 11 April 1809 <mask> was assigned to the 1st Foot Chasseur Regiment of the Imperial Guard, which became the 3rd Voltigeurs Regiment in 1811. In 1809 he campaigned in Austria and took part in the Battle of Wagram. In

masks:
Albert
Joseph Prisse
Albert
Joseph Prisse
Albert Prisse
Albert
César Prisse
Albert Prisse
Prisse
Prisse


title: Albert Prisse

texts:
 1810 his regiment was sent to Spain, where he was promoted to lieutenant. He broke his leg in a fall from his horse on 30 December 1811, and returned to Paris in mid-March 1812 after a painful journey. The fractured leg had resulted in a limp that disabled him for military service, and he was given a pension and permission to return to Maastricht. He obtained work with the administration to supplement his pension.On 4 October 1813 he married Henriette-Françoise-Louise Rigano, from a Dutch Protestant family. After the series of military disasters in 1812–13 Napoleon ordered the return of all retired officers of the Guard. <mask> served during the siege of Maastricht as a captain of engineers under General Merle. <mask> and his father were left without jobs after the fortress of Maastricht capitulated. With some difficulty <mask> found work with the French tax authorities. Netherlands citizen: 1816–30

In February 1816 <mask> obtained leave to return to Maastricht. On 14 April 1816 he was made a naturalized citizen of the new Kingdom of the Netherlands, and in 1817 became a captain in the Netherlands army on the staff of the quartermaster-general, responsible for topographical mapping in the southern provinces of Namur and Luxembourg.In 1826 <mask> was assigned to help make a geological map, for which purpose he studied the subject and became known by the agents of the Compagnie de Luxembourg. This company was sponsored by the Société Générale de Belgique with the purpose of creating a navigable canal between the Meuse and the Moselle and exploring and exploiting metal mines in Namur and Luxembourg. <mask> retired from the army on 25 November 1827 so he could take charge of the Compagnie de Luxembourg

masks: Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse


title: Albert Prisse

texts:
 mines. In 1829 he traveled to Spain to investigate the reasons why that country was able to flood Europe with extremely cheap lead ores. Belgian service: 1830–56

When the Belgian Revolution of 1830 began in Namur the Dutch troops held the citadel while the city was held by the Belgian patriots. <mask> was given command of the civil guard in the city, and was a signatory to the agreement by which the citadel surrendered. He offered his service to the provisional government in Brussels, and on 22 October 1830 was appointed lieutenant colonel in the new Belgian army.On 14 February 1831 he was appointed a colonel on the staff of King Leopold I of Belgium. He accompanied the king in the Ten Days' Campaign of August 1831 in which the Dutch army entered Belgium and defeated the Belgian army in several encounters, but eventually withdrew in face of a French force. After the August events <mask> was appointed adjutant to the king, and soon after also became Deputy Chief of the General Staff, in which role he was active in the reorganization of the army. He also had to deal with disturbances in the western part of  Luxembourg that began in December 1832, where he was sent to restore order with four infantry battalions. He arrested 30 individuals and imprisoned them to wait trial in Namur, then returned to Brussels. However, there were renewed disturbances in April 1832. <mask> helped negotiate a treaty with Luxembourg later that year.He received some criticism for ceding too much. He assisted in foundation of the Military School. On 6 January 1834 <mask> was sent to  Province of Antwerp  as acting commander of the division guarding Antwerp and the banks of the Scheldt. He was appointed general on 12 April 1834

masks: Prisse Prisse Prisse Prisse


title: Albert Prisse

texts:
 and given full command of the troops of Antwerp and the Scheldt, which he held until 1837. He then returned to the position of deputy chief of the General Staff until 22 June 1839, when he was made president of the commission to demarcate the borders between Belgium and the Netherlands, and between Belgium and Luxembourg. This work was almost complete when he was made Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Court of The Hague on 12 July 1842, a post he held for three years. He completed various successful negotiations during this period.On 15 May 1844 he was granted the hereditary title of Baron. On 12 July 1845 <mask> was promoted to lieutenant general. <mask> was again aide to the king until 1 March 1846, when he was made Minister of War in the cabinet headed by Count Barthélémy de Theux de Meylandt, holding office for 18 months. After leaving the ministry <mask> was made military governor of the royal residence and commander of the 2nd Territorial Division from 1847–50. He was Adjutant General and head of the military house of the King of Belgium from 1850–52, and then head of the military house of the Duke of Brabant. He retired in 1854, and was appointed Minister of State by the king. He died during a winter vacation on 22 November 1856 in Rome, aged 68.Honours
Honors given to <mask> included:
 : Minister of State, by Royal Decree. : Grand Officer in the Order of Leopold. : Grand Officer in the Legion of Honour. Knight Grand Cross in the Saxe-Ernestine House Order. Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Oak Crown. Commander in the Order of the Netherlands Lion. Knight 2nd class in the Order of the Red Eagle.Notes

Sources

1788 births
1856 deaths
Belgian generals
Belgian Ministers


title: Fred Duesenberg

texts: <mask> (December 6, 1876 – July 26, 1932) was a German-born American automobile and engine designer, manufacturer and sportsman who was internationally known as a designer of racecars and racing engines. <mask>'s engineering expertise influenced the development of the automobile, especially during the 1910s and 1920s. He is credited with introducing an eight-cylinder engine, also known as the Duesenberg Straight-8 engine, and four-wheel hydraulic brakes, a first for American cars, in addition to other mechanical innovations. <mask> was also patentholder of his designs for a four-wheel hydraulic brake, an early automatic transmission, and a cooling system, among others. <mask> and his younger brother, August "Augie" <mask>, shared the patents, filed in 1913 and renewed in 1918, for their "walking beam" four-cylinder engine and the Duesenberg Straight 8 (an eight-cylinder engine with a single, overhead camshaft). In 1913 the <mask> brothers founded the Duesenberg Motor Company, Incorporated, which was subsequently sold, and in 1920 were among the founders of the Duesenberg Automobile and Motor Company, which manufactured passenger cars in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 1921 until 1937, including the Duesenberg Model A, the brothers' first mass-produced vehicle. <mask> served as the chief engineer at both companies.From 1926 until his death in 1932, <mask> focused on designs for luxury passenger cars, which included the Duesenberg models X, S, and J, while serving as vice president of engineering and later in the 1920s as president of the company. Duesenberg died from complications following a car accident in 1932; Duesenberg passenger-car production ended five years later. In addition to designing passenger cars, <mask> and Augie <mask> were involved in auto racing for more than a decade. Although <mask> was no longer driving racecars by 1912, he remained active for another twelve years as a racecar designer and team owner. In April 1920 a Duesenberg racecar driven by Tommy Milton set a land-speed record

masks:
Frederick Samuel Duesenberg
Duesenberg
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Fred
Duesenberg
Duesenberg
Fred Duesenberg
Fred Duesenberg
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title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 of  for a measured mile on the sands at Daytona Beach, Florida. In 1921 Jimmy Murphy drove a Duesenberg racer to become the first American car to win the prestigious Grand Prix at Le Mans, France. Duesenberg-made entries also participated in Indianapolis 500-mile auto races between 1912 and 1932, including winning the annual event at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in 1924, 1925, and 1927 before <mask> retired from racing in 1931.Early life and education

Friedrich "<mask>" S. Düsenberg (or <mask> "<mask>" <mask> as his name was spelled after his arrival in the United States) was born on December 6, 1876, in Lippe, Lippe-Detmold, Germany, to Konrad (Conrad) and Luise Düsenberg. <mask> and his younger brother, August "Augie" Samuel Düsenberg, were the youngest of the family's seven children (four boys and three girls). <mask>'s father died in 1881, and his older brother, Henry, immigrated to America in 1884. <mask>'s mother sold the family farm in Germany and immigrated to the United States in 1885 and joined Henry in Iowa with her other children, including <mask>, who was nearly nine years old. The eldest son, Conrad, purchased a  farm in Floyd County, Iowa, near Rockford, where the family finally settled. Duesenberg developed mechanical abilities from an early age. He attended public schools through the eighth grade and completed at least one correspondence course in mechanical drafting.He received no additional classroom training. Most of his engineering and automotive skills were acquired though apprenticeships and other hands-on work experience, including early work repairing farm machinery and windmills near the family home in Rockford, Iowa. During his early years, Duesenberg also took up bicycle racing. Sources disagree on whether <mask>'s middle name was Simon or Samuel; however, Samuel is consistently given as the middle name of his younger brother, Augie. Marriage and family
<mask> married Isle "Mickey" Denney of Runnells, Iowa, on April 27, 1913. Their son, Denny, became involved in auto

masks:
Fred Duesenberg
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Frederick
Fred
Duesenberg
Fred
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Fred


title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 racing after <mask> retired from the sport in 1931. Career

Entrance into engineering industry
<mask> and his brother, August "Augie" <mask>, began building and racing bicycles in Iowa in the 1890s.They also began experimenting with gasoline-powered, internal combustion engines. The brothers designed one of their own engines around 1900, as well as building motorcycles. After working at a garage in Des Moines, Iowa, <mask> and Augie had a bicycle repair shop in Rockford, but the business went bankrupt in 1903. A short time later the brothers established another shop in Garner, Iowa, but <mask> left the business in 1903 to work for the Thomas B. Jeffery Company, a manufacturer of the Rambler bicycles and early automobiles in Kenosha, Wisconsin. <mask> returned to Iowa a year later to work as a machinist in a Des Moines auto supply company before opening a garage with Cheney Prouty and working as a sales agent for Rambler. Through his repair business in Des Moines, <mask> met Edward Mason, a local lawyer who became a financial backer of <mask>'s design for a two-cylinder car. The Mason Motor Car Company, incorporated in April 1906, began manufacturing cars four months later.<mask> worked as a superintendent and designer at the company; Augie was a patternmaker. After U.S. Senator <mask>, the future Maytag washing machine and appliance magnate, acquired a majority interest in the company, it reorganized in 1909 as the Maytag-Mason Motor Company and manufactured cars in Waterloo, Iowa. In addition to producing a two-cylinder model, the company introduced <mask>'s patented four-cylinder engine design. The simple, high-performance engine was also reliable. <mask> often demonstrated the power of his cars in public settings. For example, he drove a car up the steps of the Iowa State Capitol.He also learned from his early days as a bicycle racer that racing also helped increase product sales, so the Duesenberg brothers began entering their cars in races. Maytag and Mason proved to be inexperienced in the

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title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 car-making business and the company gradually folded. <mask> left the company in 1910 to focus on racing and engine designs in his shop in Des Moines. The Maytag-Mason partnership was dissolved in 1912 and its auto production ended the following year. Around 1910 <mask> and Augie <mask> began work on their "walking beam" four-cylinder automobile and racing engine, which was later replaced by the Duesenberg straight-eight engine. The brothers shared the patents for both engines, which were filed in 1913 and renewed in 1918. In 1913, the Duesenbergs relocated to Saint Paul, Minnesota, where they continued to develop racing cars and automobile and marine engines.The two brothers contracted with Commodore James A. Pugh of Chicago, Illinois, to build a racing-boat engine and used the proceeds from the contract to further develop their racing business. In June 1913 the brothers also founded the Duesenberg Motor Company, Incorporated. Early auto races
The Duesenberg brothers' prior experience in racing bicycles and motorcycles, led to their participation in auto races. <mask> won his first car race at the Iowa State Fair in Mason City. In 1907 he drove his test car through a fence, suffering a broken shoulder, and by 1912 he was no longer driving racecars, although he remained active for another twelve years a racecar designer and team owner. As other automobile builders in the early twentieth century did, the Duesenbergs used the Indianapolis Motor Speedway to test and race their cars. <mask>'s entries participated in Indianapolis 500-mile auto races between 1912 and his death in 1932.The first Duesenberg appearance at the Indianapolis 500 occurred in 1912, when their Mason Motor Company-owned racecar practiced for the race, but it had a mechanical failure and did not compete. Between 1913 and 1916 the Duesenberg racing team improved its standings in the annual Indianapolis 500. The team took ninth place in the race in 1913. In 1914, Eddie Rickenbacker, a future World War I aviation ace, drove a

masks:
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Fred
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Fred Duesenberg


title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 Duesenberg-powered racecar to a tenth-place finish and US$1,400 in prize money. The team also had a twelfth-place finisher that year. In 1915 the team had another good showing, taking fifth and seventh places. In 1916 it had its best finish to date when rookie driver Wilbur D'Alene finished in second place.With the outbreak of World War I, efforts focused on wartime production and racing at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway went on a two-year hiatus. World War I-era engine designer
In 1917, the Duesenberg Motor Company of Saint Paul, Minnesota, and the Loew-Victor Manufacturing Company of Chicago, Illinois, merged into the Duesenberg Motor Corporation. <mask> served as the company's chief engineer, with his brother, Augie, as assistant engineer. The Loew-Victor Company also made an agreement to have the Duesenbergs produce automobile and airplane engines for military use for the American, British, Italian, and Russian governments during World War I. The Duesenberg brothers moved to New York City in 1917 to supervise operations at a new manufacturing site in Elizabeth, New Jersey, that was constructed especially for building aviation and marine engines. The Duesenberg brothers' experience working with Ettore Bugatti's airplane engines led to changes in their own engineering ideas. The Bugatti engine served as a catalyst for refinements to the design of the Duesenberg Straight-8 engine, an eight-cylinder engine with a single, overhead camshaft.The Duesenberg brothers left Elizabeth, New Jersey, at the end of the war to concentrate on the development of racecars from a rented space in Newark, New Jersey. In 1919, after the Duesenberg Motor Corporation was sold to John Willys, the Duesenberg brothers finished their work at the company's Minnesota and New Jersey factories and then concentrated on their racing business. In 1920 the Duesenberg brothers moved to Indianapolis, Indiana, where the newly formed Duesenberg Automobile and Motors Company planned to manufacture passenger cars. 1920s luxury-car


title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 designer

While continuing to develop racing engines, the Duesenberg brothers and their financial backers, Newton E. Van Zandt and Luther M. Rankin, established the Duesenberg Automobile & Motors Company in March 1920 with its headquarters in Indianapolis. <mask> was the chief engineer and later in the 1920s served as president of the company; his brother, Augie, was an assistant engineer. Beginning in May 1921 the Duesenberg company manufactured passenger cars with advanced racing-car features at its new factory in Indianapolis at the corner of Washington and Harding Streets. The facility was also close to the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, which was used as a test track.The first passenger car to bear the Duesenberg family surname was introduced in New York in late 1920. The new car featured an "inline eight-cylinder overhead cam engine and four-wheel hydraulic brakes," a first for American cars. The Duesenberg Model A, their company's first mass-produced vehicle, was manufactured between 1921 and 1927. The Model A proved to be unpopular with car buyers because of its high cost (US$8,500 for the chassis alone) and unstylish exterior. As a result, the company struggled financially. A minor shareholder unsuccessfully attempted to put the company into receivership in 1923 and slow sales led the company into receivership in 1924, but it emerged in 1925. A year later the company's leadership was discussing a merger with Du Pont Motors, once again indicating possible financial concerns.E. L. Cord, president of the Auburn Automobile Company, admired the Duesenberg Model A and proposed a financial rescue to acquire the Duesenberg company. Cord wanted to manufacture a faster and more prestigious "supercar" to round out the offerings of his other automotive brands, the Auburn and Cord. E. L. Cord's acquisition of the Duesenberg company in 1926 also included <mask>, who was tasked with designing faster and more powerful luxury cars than the Duesenberg competitors. From 1926 until his death in 1932, <mask>

masks: Fred Fred Fred


title: Fred Duesenberg

texts: focused on designs for passenger cars, which included the X, S, and J models, and served as vice president of engineering at Duesenberg, a subsidiary of the Cord Corporation. While <mask> concentrated on passenger-car designs for E. L. Cord, his brother, Augie, ran the Duesenberg Brothers racing business. In October 1926, E. L. Cord told the Indianapolis Star, "The purchase of the Duesenberg factory is the culmination of my plans to be able to offer the world an automobile of undisputed rank. In fact, the finest thing on four wheels.Duesenberg cars will be strictly custom-built, the owners selecting their own body styles, their own body makers and selecting their own colors. The price probably will be $18,000, no matter what model, from racer to limousine. We will give the buyer 120 mile-an-hour [190 km/h] speed if desired. Naturally, the production of this type of automobile, which carries a warranty of fifteen years, will be limited and we are now taking orders...." Early in 1927 the test board of the American Automobile Association presented to <mask> with a bronze tablet in recognition of the leading part he had played in the development of several fundamental improvements in automotive engineering. The Duesenberg Model J, announced in late 1928, was the new luxury car that E. L. Cord wanted. Production began in the spring of 1929. Cord insisted that the Model J be bigger (and heavier) than <mask> would have liked, but Duesenberg engineered the car's design.With prices for a completed car beginning at US$13,500, and later increased to US$18,000 or more, buyers received a luxury car with a 32-valve, dual overhead camshaft engine that was capable of generating 265 horsepower and could reach a maximum speed of . In June 1931, during a Society of Automotive Engineers meeting in West Virginia, Duesenberg "predicted that speeds of  on the highways would soon be common." As of May 2019, speed limits for passenger cars on U.S. interstate highways remain under , ranging from  to , depending on the

masks:
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Fred


title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 individual state and road segment. Later auto racing

Although the Duesenberg team had mechanical and fuel issues in the Indianapolis 500-mile race in 1919 and its entries did not finish that year, the team continued to race with better success in the 1920s. Several Duesenberg-designed racers also set speed records before <mask> officially retired from auto racing after the Indianapolis 500-mile race in 1931. In April 1920 a Duesenberg racecar driven by Tommy Milton set a land-speed record of  for a measured mile on the sands at Daytona Beach, Florida. In August 1920 <mask> and Augie Duesenberg formed Duesenberg Brothers, a separate company for their auto-racing business.In 1921, Jimmy Murphy drove a Duesenberg racecar to become the first American car to win the prestigious Grand Prix at Le Mans, France. <mask> also designed the Duesenberg engines for race cars that won the three Indianapolis 500-mile races: the 1924 race with driver Lora L. Corum and relief driver Joe Boyer; the 1925 race with driver Pete DePaolo and relief driver Norman Batten; and the 1927 race with George Sanders in a Duesenberg-built car owned by Bill White. In 1925 a Duesenberg racecar with Pete DePaolo as driver became the first Indianapolis 500-mile winner to average more than . In 1926 the DePaulo finished in fifth place in the rain-shortened race, while the other Duesenberg team car driven by rookie driver Ben Jones experienced mechanical problems and crashed before the end of the race. The Duesenberg team continued to place in the top ten in the 1928 and 1929 Indianapolis 500-mile races. In the 1928 race <mask> drove a Duesenberg racer to an eighth-place finish, while Jimmy Gleason drove a Duesenberg team car to a fifteenth-place finish. In the 1929 race the team's results improved with Gleason taking third and <mask> finishing fifth.In 1930 <mask> cosponsored a racecar with DePaolo, one of two DePaolo-owned cars in the race. The Duesenberg racecar driven by DePaolo was involved in an accident and completed only twenty

masks:
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title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 laps, finishing thirty-third in a field of thirty-eight drivers. The other racecar, driven by Bill Cummings, finished fifth. In 1931, the year that <mask> retired from auto racing, thirteen cars in the Indianapolis 500-mile race were based on the Duesenberg Model A. Death and legacy
On July 2, 1932, while returning to Indianapolis from New York, <mask> was driving a Duesenberg passenger car with a prototype, high-powered engine and lost control of it on a wet Lincoln Highway on Ligonier Mountain, about two miles west of Jennerstown, Pennsylvania. <mask>'s automobile overturned, throwing him from the car. He was expected to fully recover from his injuries (a spinal injury and dislocation of the shoulder).While his wife and son traveled to Pennsylvania to be with him, Duesenberg developed pleural pneumonia. Duesenberg improved after oxygen was administered; however, he suffered a relapse and died on July 26, 1932, at the age of fifty-five. <mask> is buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis, Indiana. Sales of Duesenberg automobiles declined during the Great Depression due to dwindling numbers of buyers for luxury cars. The last Model J car was produced in 1937, five years after <mask>'s death. Only 481 of the cars had been built by the time the Duesenberg company ceased production. <mask>'s brother and business partner, Augie <mask>, continued in the automobile business as a consultant to the Auburn Automobile Company and developing racecars with Ab Jenkins.Augie <mask> died on January 18, 1955, at the age of seventy-six. Although <mask> was a self-made man who lacked formal technical training, his engineering expertise influenced the development of the automobile. He is credited with introducing the eight-cylinder car in the United States and four-wheel brakes, in addition to other mechanical innovations that included overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder. He was also patentholder of his designs for a four-wheel hydraulic brake, an early automatic transmission, and a cooling system,

masks:
Fred Duesenberg
Fred
Duesenberg
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Fred Duesenberg
Fred
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Fred Duesenberg


title: Fred Duesenberg

texts:
 among others. The Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum, which opened in 1974 in the former headquarters building of the Auburn Automobile Company in Auburn, Indiana, includes examples of Duesenberg-designed cars. In addition designing passenger cars, <mask> was internationally known as a designer of racecars and racing engines. Many of his mechanical advancements in racing were later incorporated in mass-produced passenger cars.Although his innovations were found in Indianapolis-manufactured cars, including Stutz and Duesenberg models, they did not appear on autos made in Detroit until nearly seventy years later. Memberships
 Member, National Automobile Chamber of Commerce
 Member, Society of Automotive Engineers, and served on several of its committees. Indianapolis Athletic Club
Indianapolis Optimist Club

Awards
Recipient of a bronze plaque from American Automobile Association's test board in 1927 for his contributions to automotive engineering. Inducted into the Auto Racing Hall of Fame (later renamed Indianapolis Motor Speedway Hall of Fame Museum) in 1962. Inducted into the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame in its inaugural class in 1990. Inducted into the Motorsports Hall of Fame of America in 1997. See also
 Auburn Automobile
 Auburn Cord Duesenberg Automobile Museum
 Cord Automobile
 Duesenberg
 Duesenberg Model A
 Duesenberg Model J
 Duesenberg Straight-8 engine

Notes

References

Marsh, Elisabeth, "<mask> S. Duesenberg" in

External links
Duesenberg History and Photos
<mask><mask> at Find A Grave

1876 births
1932 deaths
American founders of automobile manufacturers
American automotive pioneers
Burials at Crown Hill Cemetery
Deaths from pneumonia in Pennsylvania
Duesenberg
German emigrants to the United States
National Sprint Car Hall of Fame inductees
People from Floyd County, Iowa
People from Lippe
People from Indianapolis
People from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Road incident deaths in Pennsylvania
Inventors killed by their own invention
Automotive businesspeople
American automotive

masks:
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Frederick S
. Duesenberg


title: Jesse Arreguín

texts:
<mask> (born September 4, 1984) is an American politician serving as mayor of Berkeley, California. He served on the Berkeley Housing Commission and Rent Stabilization Board from 2004 to 2009 and represented District 4 on the Berkeley City Council from 2009 to 2016. He is the first Latino elected Berkeley's mayor and one of the youngest mayors in the San Francisco Bay Area. Mayor Arreguin is the President of the Association of Bay Area Governments, the Bay Area's regional planning agency. <mask> has described himself as an "unapologetic progressive" and said he wants to "restore Berkeley to the forefront of progressive leadership on the environment and social justice." Early life
<mask> was born in Fresno, California, and grew up in San Francisco, California. His parents and grandparents were farmworkers.At age 9 Arreguín became involved in the campaign to change the name of Army Street to Cesar Chavez Street in the historically Latino Mission District of San Francisco. Arreguín continued to be involved through efforts against reversing the name change in 1995, described as having "campaigned tirelessly to keep one of the Mission's main thoroughfares named after his idol, Cesar Chavez." Arreguín was the first in his family to attend college, and attended the University of California Berkeley. While at UC Berkeley he served as the City Affairs Director for the Associated Students of the University of California and was elected to the Berkeley Rent Stabilization board in 2004, serving as chair until 2008. Arreguín has also served on the Housing Advisory Commission, Zoning Adjustments Board, and Downtown Area Plan Advisory Committee. Berkeley City Councilmember
From 2008 to 2016 Arreguín served two terms as a Berkeley City Council member representing City Council District 4. On the council Arreguín drafted and passed over 300 pieces of legislation.He helped increase the city's minimum wage to $15, co-wrote the Downtown Area Plan, passed the Affordable Housing Mitigation Fee used to build affordable housing, created police reform after Black Lives Matter demonstrations, and worked to save

masks:
Jesse Arreguín
Arreguín
Arreguín


title: Jesse Arreguín

texts: wall with Mexico, becoming one of the first cities in the country to do so. The council also passed a resolution calling for the impeachment of Donald Trump, co-sponsored by Arreguín, who said, "Every day there’s a new ethical problem that warrants impeachment." Arreguín reportedly again became a target of death threats when conservative commentator Ann Coulter planned to speak on the UC Berkeley campus and canceled her appearance over safety concerns in April 2017. During protests over Coulter’s appearance, Arreguín was denounced for supporting the far-left group BAMN (By Any Means Necessary), which has incited violent protests, after it became known that he had "liked" their Facebook page. In response, Arreguín said that "following or liking pages does not mean you support what that group is doing," adding, "I am not a member of BAMN, and I do not support the views and the violent actions of that group."He later unfollowed the group. In May 2017 Arreguín co-sponsored the successful resolution to divest the City of Berkeley from Wells Fargo Bank in response to allegations that the bank opened fraudulent deposit accounts, the bank's financing of private prisons and the Dakota Access Pipeline. After Trump's withdrawal of the United States from the Paris Agreement in June 2017, Arreguín pledged along with 350 other mayors "to uphold the Paris Agreement goals even though President Donald Trump pulled the U.S. out of the international agreement to combat climate change." Following the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally, attention was brought to a far-right rally planned for August 27, 2017, in Berkeley. Ahead of the event, Arreguín stated that his office was "currently exploring all options, including whether we have the legal means to stop this rally from taking place." At a press conference with local leaders including Rep. Barbara Lee and State Sen. Nancy Skinner, Arreguín called for opponents of the rally to hold counter-demonstrations in different locations to avoid violence between groups. <mask> won 63% of the vote in the 2020 mayoral election, facing three other


title: Veljko Kadijević

texts:
<mask> (; 21 November 1925 – 2 November 2014) was a Serbian general of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). He was the Minister of Defence in the Yugoslav government from 1988 until his resignation in 1992, which made him de facto commander-in-chief of the JNA during the Ten-Day War in Slovenia and the initial stages of the Croatian War of Independence. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 21 November 1925 in the village of Glavina Donja, near Imotski, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. His father <mask> was a Serb and his mother Janja Patrlj was an ethnic Croat. Kadijević self-declared as a "pro-Yugoslav Serb". He joined the Yugoslav Partisans in 1941, following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II. In 1943, he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).He was given the task of performing important duties almost immediately. He remained an active soldier after the war and graduated from the Military Academy in Belgrade and the CGSC in Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Career
Kadijević became the fifth Minister of Defence of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia on 15 May 1988. Following the collapse of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, he was one of the founders of the party called League of Communists – Movement for Yugoslavia. In May 1991 he stated that if federal and republic officials "failed to ensure peace, the Yugoslav armed forces could efficiently do so themselves." After resigning from his post at federal secretary of people's defence on 6 January 1992, Kadijević retired to live in Serbia. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) tried to contact him in the

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Veljko Kadijević
Veljko Kadijević
Dušan Kadijević


title: Veljko Kadijević

texts:
 spring of 2001.He was to be called as witness, he however fled to Moscow the next day. He applied for refugee status in 2005 and received Russian citizenship on 13 August 2008 by decree of president Dmitry Medvedev. Croatian indictment
The first indictment for Kadijević was issued in November 1992 in Bjelovar, the second one in 2002 in Vukovar and the third one in May 2006 by Osijek-Baranja County's attorney general. On 21 March 2007, the Croatian Ministry of the Interior issued an arrest warrant for Kadijević for "war crimes against the civilian population". Interpol issued an arrest warrant on 23 March. After Kadijević received Russian citizenship the Croatian Government sent a request to Russia for his extradition. According to Marko Attila Hoare, a former employee at the ICTY, an investigative team worked on indictments of senior members of the "joint criminal enterprise", including Milošević, <mask>, Blagoje Adžić, Borisav Jović, Branko Kostić, Momir Bulatović, among others.However, upon Carla del Ponte's intervention, these drafts were rejected, and the indictment limited to Milošević. November 2007 public appearance
Public interest in Kadijević and his whereabouts intensified again in 2007. It was speculated at the time that he was living in Florida, United States, which proved to be false. In March 2007, the Croatian press reported seemingly contradictory information: that Kadijević was working as a special counsel to the U.S. Army in search for bunkers in Iraq in Moscow as a guest of Dmitry Yazov. On 26 March 2007, the Croatian news portal published an interview with Kadijević in which he confirmed that he is a


title: T.J. Thomson

texts: T.J<mask> is a senior lecturer in the School of Communication at the Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, and a chief investigator at its Digital Media Research Centre. He teaches and researches on visual communication topics, especially photography, image culture, visual journalism, and self-representation on social media. He has been an officer in several national and international societies and has served as the associate editor of Visual Communication Quarterly since 2017. <mask> has critiqued the field of visual studies as being inundated with framing approaches and has both spearheaded and led the call for additional research and approaches that examine production influences on visual content that extend beyond such considerations. His work explores the human side of media production, such as the emotional toll of documenting trauma, as well as how freelancers learn and develop with lessened or absent institutional support. In 2019, the Australian and New Zealand Communication Association and Journalism Education and Research Association of Australia jointly announced that <mask> was the recipient of the Anne Dunn Scholar of the Year Award, an international honor that recognizes excellence in the fields of journalism and communication. His 2019 book, To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities Behind News Images, won the National Communication Association's 2020 Diane S Hope Book of the Year award.NCA reviewers called the book 'a signature achievement in understanding the process of media production and the ethics of photojournalism'. Education

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title: T.J. Thomson

texts:
<mask> obtained a BA in communication from Chadron State College and a graduate certificate, MA, and PhD from the University of Missouri School of Journalism. Professional experience
Before entering academia, <mask> worked as a freelance visual journalist and designer for a number of news outlets and organizations, including The Associated Press, The Washington Post, The Huffington Post, and the Omaha World-Herald. Corporate clients included QuickFire Networks, which was acquired by Facebook in 2015; Colorado Academy; and HotelTonight, among others. Media appearances and research impact
One of Thomson's recent research studies on visual social media reached more than 40.6 million people and appeared in more than 94 news outlets, according to data provided by Cision. The study's findings were highlighted in IANS LIVE, India's largest independent newswire service, Xinhua News Agency, China's biggest and most influential media organization, The New Indian Express, Science Daily, and Futurity, among others. He was interviewed in 2018 for a Business Insider article about the societal impact of social media use and was invited to write an article for Crux in 2017 commenting on visual coverage of the Pope's overseas travels.His visual research has also been included on the reading lists for the University of Liverpool's "Research methods in communication and media" course, Loughborough University's 16SSC357: Producing The News course, The University of Stirling's JOU9JR - Journalism Research & Analysis course, the University of Missouri's J8006: Advanced Qualitative Research Methods, and The University

masks: Thomson Thomson


title: T.J. Thomson

texts:
 of Pennsylvania's COMM 246: Race and Gender in U.S. Mass Media course. Bibliography
<mask>, T. J. (2021). Exploring the life cycle of smartphone images from camera rolls to social media platforms. Visual Communication Quarterly. <mask>, T. J., Angus, D., Dootson, P., Hurcombe, E., & Smith, A. (2020).Visual mis/disinformation in journalism and public communications: Current verification practices, challenges, and future opportunities. Journalism Practice. <mask>, T. J. (2020). Pride in America's Heartland. Visual Communication Quarterly. 27(1), 40–46.Thomson, T. J. & Greenwood, K. (2020). Profile Pictures Across Platforms: How Identity Visually Manifests Itself among Social Media Accounts. In Handbook of Visual Communication: Theory, Methods, and Media by Josephson, S., Kelly, J., and Smith, K. (eds). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. <mask>, T. J. (2019).To See and Be Seen: The Environments, Interactions and Identities Behind News Images. London: Rowman & Littlefield. <mask>, T. J. (2019). In front of the lens: The expectations, experiences, and reactions of visual journalism's subjects. Journalism & Communication Monographs. 21(1), 4-65.Thomson, T. J. & Greenwood, K. (2019). Framing the Migration: A study of news photographs showing people fleeing war and persecution. International Communication Gazette. <mask>, T. J. (2019). The evolution of story: How time and modality affect visual and verbal narratives.Visual Communication Quarterly, 25(4). <mask>, T. J. (2018). Mapping the emotional labor and work of visual journalism. Journalism, 1-18. <mask>, T. J. (2018).From the Closet to the Beach: A

masks: Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson


title: T.J. Thomson

texts:
 Photographer's View of Gay Life on Fire Island From 1975 to 1983. Visual Communication Quarterly, 25(1), 223–233. <mask>, T. J., & Greenwood, K. (2017). I “Like” That: Exploring the Characteristics That Promote Social Media Engagement With News Photographs. Visual Communication Quarterly, 24(4), 203–218. <mask>, T. J., Perreault, G., & Duffy, M. (2017). Politicians, Photographers, and a Pope: How state-controlled and independent media covered Francis's 2015 Cuba visit.Journalism Studies, 1-18. <mask>, T. J. (2016). Black, white, and a whole lot of gray: How white photojournalists covered race during the 2015 protests at Mizzou. Visual Communication Quarterly, 23(4), 223–233. <mask>, T. J. (2018).Freelance Photojournalists and Photo Editors: Learning and adapting in a (mostly faceless) virtual world. Journalism Studies, 19(6), 803–823. <mask>, T. J., & Greenwood, K. (2017). Beyond Framing: Influences of subject–photographer interactions on visual journalism. Journalism Practice, 11(5), 625–644. References

Living people
American academics
Queensland University of Technology faculty
Journalism academics
Australian mass media scholars
Mass media scholars
Photography academics
Year of birth missing (living

masks: Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson Thomson


title: Mihaela Miroiu

texts:
<mask> (born 1955 in Hunedoara, Romania) is a Romanian political theorist and feminist philosopher and the most prominent activist for women's rights and a very well known activist for Roma rights, more generally, for minorities rights. She is currently Professor of Political science at the Faculty of Political Science, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Bucharest. She was and is involved in numerous institutional, civic and political contributions for setting and development of political science and democratization in Romania. She introduced the first Ph. D. program in Political Science in Romania in 2000 first courses in Gender Studies in 1994 and the first Masters in Gender Studies in 1998. Early life and career

<mask> was born in Hunedoara, Romania. She studied Philosophy at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest, earning a BA in 1978 and a PhD in 1978.She is married to <mask>, Professor of Political Science at NSPSPA. At the beginning of her career, Miroiu taught Philosophy in various high schools in Bucharest. In 1994 she became a lecturer at the Faculty of Political Science - S.N.S.P.A, Bucharest and Associate Professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest, teaching Feminist Philosophy. She was dean of the Faculty of Political Science, 1997–2001. She initiated feminist studies (1994) and gender studies (1998). In 2001 she introduced and coordinated the first Romanian collection of Gender Studies at Polirom Publishing House. She initiated two non-governmental organizations: ANA Society for

masks:
Mihaela Miroiu
Mihaela Miroiu
Adrian Miroiu


title: Mihaela Miroiu

texts:
 journals as Dilema veche, Revista 22, Observatorul Cultural, Adevărul, Gândul, Avantaje. She was involved in the critical analysis of Romanian politics and policies in cultural and political debate programs on television, such as TVR, Pro TV, Realitatea TV, Antena 1. In the last decade she is best known as advocate and influencer in favor of the same causes on the social network Facebook; she is the most influential public female intellectual fighting for the observance of women's and minorities dignity and rights. Since the very beginning of the process of democratization <mask> was an active participant and influencer in protests for decomunization, democratization, the rule of law. Since 2000 she is directly involved in protests for gender justice, for fighting violence against women, for miniorites's rights, for environmental causes.Contributions to democratic culture, political theory, gender studies, ethics and education

By writing in 1995 The Thought of the Shadow, she became the first Romanian feminist philosopher, criticizing the philosophic postmodernism from a feminist perspective. In this book, Miroiu analyzes the alliance and mésalliance between feminism and philosophy, including Romanian philosophy, arguing in favor of philosophical reassessment of the feminine and the womanly, in the context of a culture still dominated by dichotomies and the idea that women are rather treated as "shadows of philosophical thought". In 1996 she wrote Convenio. On Nature, Women and Morals, a book from the perspective of Feminist Ethics and developed her own


title: Mihaela Miroiu

texts: book Contemporary Political Ideologies (2012). She was also interested in the analysis of how political actors used conflicts derived from strategies of lustration in Romania. She has also coordinated a first national research about Ethics inside Romanian universities and the draft code of ethics adopted by the Ministry of Education in 2005. She has taught a course on Applied Ethics at the Psychology Masters at Babeș-Bolyai, between 2000 and 2011. She currently teaches Ethics in International Relations at SNSPA. Regarding educational politics, Miroiu has contributed to the reform of the Philosophy curricula in high school, after the fall of communism. She coordinated the first Philosophy handbook  in 1993, which was published for 7 years afterwards.She coordinated the first handbook of Civic Culture for high school – Civic Culture, Democracy, Human Rights, Tolerance  in 1995. Other important publications are the ones analyzing educational policies, such as the book The Romanian Education Today, (co-author with Gabriel Ivan, Vladimir Pasti, Adrian Miroiu) and the analysis of gender policies in education, through international grants – The Gender Dimension of Education in Romania, Institute for Advanced Studies, Viena (2001) and Case Study on Gender-sensitive Educational policy and Practice, SNSPA (2003) and the book Guidelines for Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education in Central and Eastern Europe (2003). <mask> Mioriu drew on literary writing ever since she was in high school. She continued to write literature, first for her friends – Stories about


title: Mihaela Miroiu

texts:
 Cadmav – in the 1980s, but she published the short stories and the novel only after 1990. In 2005, with Mircea Miclea she published the autobiographical book The R'East and the West and " With my own woman mind " (2017). Critics

A series of critics arose from other feminists, many of them East European, and they refer to the fact that she rejects the idea of compatibility between feminism and communism, as long as women could not freely associate, express their own interests and change the cultural, civic and political agenda. The most significant dispute in regard to these arguments was in Aspasia International Yearbook of Central, Eastern and Southeastern European Women's and Gender History, Volume I, New York, 2007, in the context put to debate by Miroiu "Communism was a State Patriarchy, not a State Feminism".A series of authors criticize her perspective like Krassimira Daskalova, Elena Gapova, Angelika Passara, while others review their own perspectives assumed in the 70s in regard to the relation between feminism and Marxism. Critics related to <mask>'s approach to liberal feminism (in the relation with ethical welfare type of feminism), respectively with the risks of an approach less close with the role of the welfare state and the policies of protecting women are also brought by Anca Gheauș. This inclination is however regarded as contextually reasonable by Nanette Funk. Andreea Molocea (2015, 31) in "(Re)construcția feminismului românesc (1999–2000)" speaks of Romanian feminism as being closely connected with academia, due to the fact the majority


title: Mihaela Miroiu

texts:
 Publ.House, 1996 translated in Macedonian, Skopje, 2005
 România. Starea de fapt [Romania. Matter of facts], Bucharest: Nemira, 1997 (co-authored with V. Pasti and Cornel Codita)
 Învatamantul romanesc azi [The Romanian Education Today], (co-authored with Gabriel Ivan, Vladimir Pasti, <mask>), Iaşi: Polirom, 1998
 Societatea Retro [The Backward-Looking Society], Bucharest: "Trei" Pub. House, 1996
 Introducere în etică profesională [Professional Ethics, an Introduction], Bucharest: "Trei" Pub. House, 2001 (co-author with Gabriela Blebea)
 The Gender Dimension of Education in Romania, SOCO Project Paper No. 83 Vienna www.iwm.at/publ-spp/soco83pp.pdf
 Guidelines for Promoting Gender Equity in Higher Education in Central and eastern Europe, CEPES, UNESCO, Bucharest, 2003; The Romanian version: Politici ale echitatii de gen. Ghid pentru invatamintul universitar din Europa Centrala si de Est. Politeia, Bucharest, 2003.Translated in Bulgarian, 2008
 Drumul către autonomie:Teorii politice feministe [The Road to Autonomy: Feminist Political Theories] Iaşi: Polirom, 2004
 R'estul și Vestul [The rest and the West]  Iaşi: Polirom, 2005 (co-author with Mircea Miclea/ autobiographical novel)
 Neprețuitele femei [Priceless women] Iaşi: Polirom, 2006 (articles in reviews and journals)
 Dicolo de ingeri și draci. Etica în politica românească  [Beside angels and demons] Iaşi: Polirom, 2007 (articles in reviews and journals)
 The Birth of Democratic Citizenship (co-author Maria Bucur), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 2018

Edited books
 Ghid de idei politice [Guide to


title: Mihaela Miroiu

texts:
 (Eds. ), Hokkaido University Press, 2013, 209-228
 "Feminism and Ethical Liberalism: Reflections on Postcommunist Transition", Global Capitalism, Socialist Markets and Feminist Interventions Shanghai University (Shanghai), 2014, pp. 230–257
 "On Women, Feminism and Democracy", Post-Communist Romania at Twenty-Five. Linking Past, Present and Future Stan, Lavinia and Diane Vancea (Eds. ), Lexington Books (New York), 2015, pp. 83–102

References

Sources
 Interview in Gardianul
 Interview in Dilema Veche

 TV Show with <mask> <mask> on Realitatea TV, Drama femeii moderne part I
 Stroe, Marian. "Recenzii si Note de lectura" en Revista Română de Sociologie, series nine, year XIX, nr.3–4, p. 347–349, București, 2008

External links

 <mask> <mask>'s CV (in Romanian)

 <mask> <mask> | National University of Political Studies and Public Administration - Academia.edu
 <mask> Miroiu
 mihaela miroiu - Google Search

1955 births
20th-century Romanian philosophers
Feminist philosophers
Living people
Romanian feminists
Romanian philosophers
Romanian political philosophers
Romanian women philosophers
University of Bucharest alumni
National University of Political Studies and Public Administration

masks: Mihaela Miroiu Mihaela Miroiu Mihaela Miroiu Mihaela


title: Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo

texts:
<mask> (15 October 1738 – 4 September 1822) served in the army of Habsburg Austria from the middle to the end of the 18th century. For the subsequent two decades, he continued to serve the Austrian military in non-combat roles. During the Seven Years' War, he fought at Prague, Maxen, Torgau, and other actions. He held field commands in the Austro-Turkish War. During the War of the First Coalition he led troops at Neerwinden, Raismes, Famars, Caesar's Camp, and Maubeuge. In 1784, he became Proprietor (Inhaber) of an Austrian infantry regiment and held the position until his death. He was promoted Field Marshal in 1808.Family
Born on 15 October 1738, <mask> <mask> <mask> was the fifth child and fourth son of <mask> <mask> zu Wallsee zu Mels (1706–1788), a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, and Marie Gabriele <mask>hemberg (1707–1793). His brothers were Franz de Paula Gundackar <mask> (1731–1807), Hieronymus <mask> (1732–1812), and <mask> <mask> (1735–1818). His sisters were Maria Antonie (1728–1757), Marie Gabriele (1741–1801), Marie Therese (1744–1828), Marie Franziska (1746–1795), Marie Caroline (1752–1832). <mask> <mask> had nine other siblings who died young. Hieronymus became Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg in 1772. <mask> was promoted Field Marshal in 1789. <mask> <mask> never married.Seven Years and Austro-Turkish Wars
<mask> joined the Austrian Carl Colloredo Infantry Regiment Nr. 40 before the Seven Years' War as an ensign and distinguished himself at the Battle of Prague in 1757. He also fought at the Battle of Maxen in 1759 and at the Battle of Torgau in 1760 where the regiment withstood the first Prussian assault. For this exploit, <mask> was promoted major. After fighting in several

masks: Wenzel Joseph von Colloredos und Wallsee


title: Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo

texts:
 more actions, he was appointed lieutenant colonel of the Waldeck Infantry Regiment Nr. 35 on 1 April 1762. He replaced his brother <mask> as colonel of the Lacy Infantry Regiment Nr.22 on 8 February 1764. He became a knight of the Teutonic Order in 1764. He earned promotion to major general on 1 May 1773 and to lieutenant field marshal on 10 April 1783. <mask> was appointed inhaber (proprietor) of Infantry Regiment Nr. 56 in 1784. He succeeded the previous inhaber, Jacob Nugent who held the position since 1767. From May 1784 to August 1786 he was commanding general in Slavonia and Syrmia.At the beginning of the Austro-Turkish War, he commanded a body of troops on the Almaș River. In 1789–1790, he led an observation corps in Galicia. <mask> was promoted feldzeugmeister on 26 December 1789. He was commander of Inner Austria and the Tyrol from September 1790 to March 1797. War of the First Coalition
After the French Republican army overran the Austrian Netherlands, a 40,000-man Allied army under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was assembled to reconquer the province. At the Battle of Neerwinden on 18 March 1793, Coburg with 30,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry faced Charles François Dumouriez with 40,000 infantry and 4,500 cavalry. The French were beaten and withdrew behind the French border.At Neerwinden, <mask> commanded the Second Rank of the Main Body, a force of 6 battalions and 10 squadrons. There were two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Brechainville Nr. 25 and Callenberg Nr. 54 and one battalion each of Infantry Regiments Alton Nr. 15 and <mask>do Nr. 57. The mounted troops consisted of 6 squadrons of Zeschwitz Cuirassier Regiment Nr.10, and two squadrons each of Karaczay

masks:
Joseph
Colloredo
Colloredo
Colloredo
Joseph Collore


title: Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo

texts: Chevau-léger Regiment Nr. 18 and Coburg Dragoon Regiment Nr. 37. <mask> was named Reichs-General of the Cavalry for the Holy Roman Empire on 8 April 1793. In an action preliminary to the Battle of Raismes on 1 May 1793, the French attacked the Coalition army covering the Siege of Condé. One French column under <mask> Drouot de Lamarche set out from Curgies. When the French soldiers encountered Austrian cavalry led by <mask>, they panicked and fled.<mask> pursued them until they withdrew into their fortified camp. <mask> was not involved in the 8 May fighting. In the Battle of Famars on 23 May, Coburg attacked the French army with two main columns and seven lesser columns. He sent 16 battalions, 18 squadrons, and 38 position guns under Frederick, Duke of York and Albany in a wide sweep around the French right flank and 12 battalions, 12 squadrons, and 23 position guns under <mask> Ferraris on a narrower sweep. <mask> led a column that covered Ferraris' right flank. <mask>'s force was named the First Small Column and included one battalion each of the Austrian Infantry Regiments Beaulieu Nr. 31, Splenyi Nr.51, and <mask> Colloredo Nr. 56, two squadrons of the Esterhazy Hussar Regiment Nr. 32. <mask>'s Hanoverian contingent consisted of two battalions of the 5th Infantry Regiment, and two squadrons each of the 5th and 7th Cavalry Regiments. He also commanded two 12-pounder position guns. Ferraris' assault overran part of the French defenses, but York's column did not reach an attacking position until nightfall, so its assault was called off. During the night, the French withdrew from the Camp of Famars.The lesser columns were mostly unsuccessful. On 28 May, <mask> was awarded the Commander's

masks:
Colloredo
François Joseph
Colloredo
Colloredo
Colloredo
Joseph de
Colloredo
Colloredo
Wenzel
Colloredo
Colloredo


title: Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo

texts: Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa. After their capture of Condé on 10 July and the successful conclusion of the Siege of Valenciennes on 28 July, the Coalition leaders decided to engage the French army in a general action. The French army, now under Charles Edward Jennings de Kilmaine, faced eastward in an entrenched position called Caesar's Camp between Cambrai and Bouchain on the Scheldt River. The northern and western flanks were protected by rivers while the southern flank was covered by the Bourlon ridge. Kilmaine had 35,000 French troops to defend the position. Coburg sent two columns with a combined strength of 16,000 men under François Sébastien <mask> de Croix, Count of Clerfayt and Colloredo to start from Hérin and attack the French defenses along the Scheldt.Meanwhile, Coburg ordered York and 25,000 troops to start from Villers-en-Cauchies and make a wide sweep to the south of Cambrai to strike the French right rear. The Battle of Caesar's Camp on 8 August ended when Kilmaine saw the danger of being trapped and withdrew west toward Arras and Douai. At Caesar's Camp, <mask>'s command included two divisions. <mask> Terzi's division was made up of two battalions each of Infantry Regiments Stein Nr. 50, Murray Nr. 55, <mask>do Nr. 57, and Jordis Nr.59. <mask> Lilien's division consisted of six squadrons each of the Coburg Dragoon Regiment Nr. 37, Nassau Cuirassier Regiment Nr. 14, and Barco Hussar Regiment Nr. 35, one battalion of Sharpshooters, and two squadrons of the French Émigré Royal Allemande Regiment. During the Siege of Maubeuge, <mask> commanded the 16 battalions, 10 companies, and 8 squadrons, altogether 14,000 Imperial troops, that invested the city on the

masks:
Charles Joseph
Colloredo
Ludwig von
Joseph Collore
Karl von
Colloredo


title: Wenzel Joseph von Colloredo

texts:
 south bank of the Sambre River. William V, Prince of Orange commanded 12,000 Dutch troops on the north bank.The covering army under Clerfayt numbered 37,000 men, but Coburg spread his forces so wide, that Clerfayt had only 21,000 to meet the attack of Jean-Baptiste Jourdan's 45,000 French soldiers. The Allied cause was not helped when Orange refused to allow any Dutch soldiers to cross to the south bank. After heavy fighting in the Battle of Wattignies on 15–16 October, Coburg abandoned the siege and withdrew the Coalition army. Later career
<mask> became deputy to the commanding general in Moravia and Silesia in 1797–1798. He was appointed Inspector General of the Military Border in November 1798. He held the position until March 1802 when he was selected to be a captain of the Trabanten Life Guard. He served in the Hofkriegsrat from August 1806 to April 1810 and from November 1813 to June 1814.In December 1814, <mask> was promoted Field Marshal on 6 September 1808. He was again appointed captain of the Trabanten Life Guard from December 1814 until his death. In 1805–1806, he was province commander of the Koblenz bailiwick in the Teutonic Order. He was awarded the Golden Civil Honor Cross on 26 May 1815. <mask> died at Vienna on 4 September 1822. <mask> Fürstenwerther was appointed the next inhaber of Infantry Regiment Nr. 56 in 1825.Notes

References

Austrian generals
Counts of Austria
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Austrian Empire military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
Austrian military personnel of the Seven Years' War
Military personnel from Vienna
Field marshals of Austria
Generals of the Holy Roman Empire
1738 births
1822 deaths
People from

masks:
Colloredo
Colloredo
Colloredo
Carl von


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
Sir <mask> (1558 – 1 April 1645), JP, of Orchard Wyndham in the parish of Watchet in Somerset, was an English landowner who played an important role in the establishment of defence organisation in the West Country against the threat of Spanish invasion. Origins

He was born at Orchard Wyndham, the only child and heir of Sir <mask> (d. 1572) of Orchard Wyndham, by his wife Florence Wadham (1538–1597), a co-heiress of her brother Nicholas Wadham  (1531/2–1609), of Merryfield, Ilton, in Somerset and of Edge, Branscombe, in Devon, who with his wife Dorothy Petre (1534/5–1618), eldest daughter of Sir William Petre, principal secretary to King Henry VIII, founded Wadham College, Oxford. In memory of his parents, Sir <mask> erected a pair of almost life-size monumental brasses in St Decuman's Church, Watchet, and also erected an almost identical pair (considered the finest of their style in England), also set into Purbeck marble, in memory of his uncle Nicholas Wadham and his wife on their chest tomb in the Wadham Chapel in the Church of St Mary, Ilminster. Sir <mask> was one of the heirs to the large fortune of his uncle Nicholas Wadham and helped to put into effect his plans for the founding of Wadham College. Sir <mask> also erected similar brasses, but much smaller, in St Margaret's Church, Felbrigg, Norfolk, to his cousin Thomas Windham (d. 1599) (in the nave), from whom he inherited Felbrigg Hall, and to Thomas's sister Jane Coningsby (d. 1608) (in the chancel). The

masks:
John Wyndham
John Wyndham
John
John Wdham
John Wyndham


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 inscriptions in accomplished verse on all these monuments are believed to have been written by Wyndham himself. Early origins
His grandfather was Sir <mask> Wyndham (died 1573) of Felbrigg (second son of Sir Thomas Wyndham (d. 1521) by his first wife Eleanor Scrope, daughter and heiress of Richard Scrope of Upsall Castle, Yorkshire) who inherited Orchard, Somerset from his wife Elizabeth Sydenham (d. 1 January 1571), daughter and co-heiress of Sir <mask> Sydenham of Orchard, Somerset.Heraldic achievement

The ancestry of Sir <mask> is illustrated by the heraldic achievement shown on his monument in Watchet Church. Moorstone was an estate listed in the Domesday Book (1086) and in 1406 the Gambons were licensed by the Bishop of Exeter to have a private chapel in "their mansion of Morston". Substantial remains of the mediaeval manor house survive. Tempore Edward IV (1461–1483) Elizabeth Gambon the heiress of Moorstone,  married <mask> of Orchard, which eventually brought the estate to the Wyndhams, who still owned it c.1630. 6th: Gules, a chevron between 3 roses argent (Wadham);
 7th: Argent, on a chief gules two stag's heads cabosed or (Popham of Huntworth, North Petherton, Somerset, from which family the Wadhams inherited Ilton in Somerset where they built their seat of Merryfield. 8th: Argent, a chevron sable between three escallops gules (Pollard of King's Nympton, Devon. Birth and childhood
Sir <mask> is the ancestor of every living member of the widespread

masks:
John
John
John Wyndham
John Sydenham
John Wyndham


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 Wyndham family (except perhaps for one branch in the United States) and therefore had he not been born the dynasty would have failed.However, he was born following a near-miraculous rising from the dead by his mother. The famous story is that one year after her marriage and already pregnant, <mask> became ill, was thought to have died and was left that evening in a coffin in the Wyndham Chapel in St Decuman's Church, about half a mile east of her husband's home at Kentsford Manor House, and two miles north of her father-in-law's home at Orchard Wyndham, awaiting a funeral the following day. That night a "covetous sexton" crept into the church and in attempting to remove a valuable ring, cut the lady's finger, thereby awakening her from a cataleptic trance. "The sexton fled, leaving his lantern behind him, and with its aid she made her way home to her astounded family" at Kentsford. The story was composed in verse as "Lady Wyndham's Return",  by Rev. Lewis H. Court, Vicar of St Decuman's. (See full text on Wikisource s:Lady Wyndham's Return).Soon after she gave birth to Sir <mask>, who would be her only child. He was a minor aged twelve at the death of his father and as a tenant-in-chief his wardship and marriage reverted to the crown, Queen Elizabeth I, to be granted to whom she pleased. His grandfather, however, was able to buy-back his wardship, which prevented a forced marriage. Home defence against Spain
He played an important role in the defence organisation of

masks:
Florence Wyndham
John


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 Somerset, the substantial growth of which is shown by the muster in 1580 being 12,000 able footmen, double the total twenty years earlier. The special census of horses taken on 26 August 1583 shows that their number had also increased to forty-seven great horses and 308 light horses. While the defeat of the Spanish Armada saved England from the feared invasion, the significance and value of the defence movement was in keying up the nation and teaching it to realise the heritage it had to defend. Justice of the Peace
He served as one of the County Justices and as such shared effective responsibility for local government and administration, acting as the representative and general agent of the central government, as well as sitting in quarter sessions.Civil War
At the start of the Civil War his sympathies appear to have been with the Parliament, which is borne out by a foray made by his cousin Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet (d. 1676), governor of Dunster Castle, in June 1644 against Orchard Wyndham, as the manor is now known, which resulted in £4,000 worth of plunder being seized for the Royalist cause. Three months after this event he gave £4,000 each for safe keeping to his eighth and ninth sons, Sir <mask> and Sir Wadham Wyndham. Oversees founding of Wadham College
Although Dorothy Wadham was largely responsible for overseeing the foundation and building of Wadham College, Oxford a nephew, possibly Sir <mask>, is recorded as attending on his dying uncle Nicholas Wadham

masks:
Francis Wyndham
Hugh Wyndham
John Wyndham


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 (1531/2–1609). A detailed record, preserved in the College archives, was drawn up by <mask> of a discussion held with his uncle four days before his death in 1609 as follows:
"I was sent for after dinner unto my Uncle Wadham by Mr. Bartlett there beinge present only with him my Aunte, Mr. Bartlett and Mr. Arnold. In the presence of them he told me of the greate care that he had for the erecting of a Colledge in Oxforde, as he had hearetofore often times acquainted me. that for the performance thereof, he had in Mr. Arnold's hands £4,000 with the £500 of Sr. Henry Hawley's, and in Mr. Bartlett's hands which would shortly made up £2,000 which as he thought would be sufficient to procure above £300 p ann; that he had £400 the yeare in Essex, which he left unto my Aunte his wife duringe her life, yet hoped that out of her benevolence consideringe howe well he had dealt with her, that she would imparte a portion of it unto his Colledge during her life. That his desire was to conferre it upon Gloster hall if St Johns Colledge and the Principal might reasonably be compounded withall, otherwise he did appointe it unto Jhesus Colledge.That for the buildinge of a Chappell with buttery sellar and kitchinge he appointed £2,000, whereof (as I understood him) one £1,000 was in his Studye, and the other £1,000 was to be made out of Hewnebeare. That also (as I understood him) he appointed the moitie of the Parsonage of Abbotsbury unto the Colledge. That he must entreat me for the


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 bestowinge of my Travayle and pains for the seinge of all things performed accordinge unto his Intention, as he had often heretofore discoursed with me about it for he did trust me only with it and reposed himself absolutely uppon me, and meant not that it shoulde be any wayes chargeable unto me, for I should have my charges absolutely defrayed in a liberall and a worthie manner to the uttermost"...

Felbrigg inheritance

In 1599 he succeeded to the Felbrigg estate in Norfolk, including Felbrigg Hall, from his father's first cousin <mask> (d. 1599), who like his two brothers Sir Roger and Francis (d. 1592), Judge of Common Pleas (whose monument exists in St Peter Mancroft in Norwich) died without issue. Felbrigg was the seat of the senior line of the Wyndham family. In gratitude he placed a monumental brass inlaid in Purbeck marble, in Felbrigg Church. Sir Edmund Wyndham (d. 1568) was the eldest son of Sir <mask> (eldest son of Sir <mask> (beheaded 1503 on Tower Hill with James Tyrrell) by his first wife Lady Margaret Howard, 4th daughter of <mask>, 1st Duke of Norfolk (d. 1485)) by his first wife Alianore Scrope, daughter and heiress of Richard Scrope of Upsall, Yorks. Sir <mask> also placed a monumental brass inlaid in Purbeck marble in Felbrigg Church to Thomas Wyndham's sister Jane Wyndham (d. 1608).Both brasses are in the same style, but much smaller, as those Sir <mask> erected in Watchet church to his parents and in Ilminstaer Church to his uncle Nicholas

masks:
Thomas Wyndham
Thomas Wyndham
John Wdham
John Howard
John
John


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 Wadham. The original accounts concerning the shipping and laying down of the Felbrigg brasses survive in the Wyndham papers at Felbrigg Hall, and although the brasses are known to have been purchased in London, the maker's name is not recorded. Sir <mask> gave Felbrigg to his third son <mask> (d. 1653), for whom he rebuilt the manor house, completed in 1624, which survives today. The arms of father (impaling Portman) and son (impaling Lytton) survive sculpted in stone side by side above the front door. Wadham inheritance

He inherited part of the lands of his uncle Nicholas Wadham, his mother having been one of his sisters and co-heiresses. Amongst the manors which fell to his share were:
Ilton in Somerset, in which he promptly demolished the former Wadham seat of Merryfield. According to Collinson (1791):
"When <mask> came to the estate, disliking the situation of the house, because it was surrounded with wood, he pulled it down, and with the materials built a farm-house at a little distance, now called Woodhouse, and likewise an alms-house in the village of Ilton.There now remains no part of the ancient edifice, except an old wall on the east side. The seat was formerly moted round, and the buildings exhibited many striking indications of remote antiquity". Silverton in Devon, where his descendant <mask>, 4th Earl of Egremont (1786–1845) built "Silverton Park" (or "Egremont House"), a large neoclassical mansion, demolished in 1901. He built it to compensate himself

masks:
John
Thomas Wyndham
John Wyndham
George Wyndham


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 for having been excluded from the inheritance of Petworth House in Sussex by his uncle the 3rd Earl who bequeathed it instead to his illegitimate son and adopted heir Col. <mask>, ancestor of the present Baron Leconfield and Egremont. Wadham in the parish of Knowstone in Devon, the earliest seat of the Wadham family. Marriage and children

Sir <mask> married Joan Portman, daughter of Sir Henry Portman (d. 1590), of Orchard Portman, Somerset, son of Sir William Portman (d. 1557), Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales, by whom he had nine sons and six daughters:

Sons
<mask> (1583–1613), eldest son, scholar in civil law, predeceased father. <mask> (d. 1649), 2nd son.<mask> (d. 1653), 3rd son, to whom his father gave Felbrigg Hall and jointly with him rebuilt the ancient manor house, completed in 1624. The arms of father (impaling Portman) and son (<mask> with cadency mark of a crescent for difference of a second son, impaling Lytton Ermine, on a chief indented azure three ducal crowns or) survive sculpted in stone side by side above the front door. He married Elizabeth Lytton. Humphrey, 6th (?) son. <mask> (6th son) of Uffords Manor, Cromer, Norfolk. <mask> ("senior"), (7th.son), (1592–1624), soldier. <mask> (8th son), Baron of the Exchequer, > the widow of Sir Henry Berkeley, 1st Baronet of Wymondham, Leicestershire; (3) Catherine Fleming, daughter of Sir Thomas Fleming (d. 1624) of North Stoneham, Hampshire. Sir Wadham <mask> (9th son), a judge of the King's Bench.

masks:
George Wyndham
John Wyndham
Henry Wyndham
John Wyndham
Thomas Wyndham
Wyndham
George Wyndham
George Wyndham
Hugh Wyndham
Wyndham


title: John Wyndham (1558–1645)

texts:
 Daughters
<mask>, married Col. <mask> (1602–1665). <mask>, married <mask> (d. 1660). <mask>, married <mask> (d. 1657). <mask>, married Thomas Moore (d. 1695).Margery <mask>, married Thomas Carew of Crowcombe Court. <mask> (d. 1645), married Sir <mask> (c. 1561–1642)

Death, burial and monument

He died on 1 April 1645 and was buried in Watchet Church, Somerset, where exists a memorial to him and his wife consisting of a large slab of purbeck marble erected vertically against the east wall of the north aisle chapel, containing inlaid plaques of gilt-bronze relief-sculpted portraits and armorial shields. See also
Wyndham baronets
Earl of Egremont

Sources
 <mask>, Hon Hugh Archibald (later 4th Baron Leconfield), A Family History, The Wyndhams of Norfolk and Somerset, 1939. <mask>, the Hon Hugh Archibald, A Family History, The Wyndhams of Somerset, Sussex and Wiltshire, 1950. Collinson, <mask>, History of Somerset, Vol.3, pp. 486–496

References

External links

thepeerage.com, Wyndham

People from West Somerset (district)
1558 births
1645 deaths
16th-century English people
17th-century English landowners
<mask> from

masks:
Joan Wyndham
John Giffard
Margaret Wyndham
John Courtenay
Florence Wyndham
John Harris
Rachel Wyndham
Wyndham
Anne Wyndham
John Strode
Wyndham
Wyndham
John
John People


title: Max Allan Collins

texts:
<mask> (born March 3, 1948) is an American mystery writer, noted for his graphic novels. His work has been published in several formats and his Road to Perdition series was the basis for a film of the same name. He wrote the Dick Tracy newspaper strip for many years and has produced numerous novels featuring the character as well. Biography

Writing career
<mask> has written novels, screenplays, comic books, comic strips, trading cards, short stories, movie novelizations and historical fiction. He wrote the graphic novel Road to Perdition (which was developed into a film in 2002), created the comic book private eye Ms. Tree, and took over writing the Dick Tracy comic strip from creator Chester Gould. <mask> briefly wrote the Batman comic book in 1987 and crafted a new origin for the Jason Todd character. <mask> and artist Terry Beatty created Wild Dog at DC that same year in a self-titled limited series.The character later appeared as a feature in the Action Comics Weekly anthology. As of 2016, Wild Dog became a recurring character in the Arrow television series and is portrayed by actor Rick Gonzalez. Another <mask> contribution to the Batman franchise was scripting the English-language translation of Batman: Child of Dreams in 2003. He wrote books to expand on the Dark Angel TV series. He has written books and comics based on the TV series franchise CSI. In 2006 he wrote Buried Deep (also released as "Bones Buried Deep"), based on the TV series Bones. He has written two sequel novels to Road to Perdition: Road to Purgatory and Road to Paradise.He wrote three

masks:
Max Allan Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins
Collins