title: Ronald Stamper

texts:
<mask>. (Ron<mask> (born 1934) is a British computer scientist, formerly a researcher in the LSE and emeritus professor at the University of Twente, known for his pioneering work in Organisational semiotics, and the creation of the MEASUR methodology and the SEDITA framework. Biography
Born in West Bridgford, United Kingdom, <mask> obtained his MA in Mathematics and Statistics at Oxford University in 1959. Stamper started his career in industry, first in hospital administration and later in the steel industry. He starting applying operational research methods with the use of computers, and evolved into the management of information systems development. In need of more experts, he developed one of the first courses in systems analysis in the UK. In 1969 he moved into the academic world, starting at the London School of Economics as senior lecturer and principal investigator. From 1988 to 1999 he was Professor of Information Management at the University of Twente at its Faculty of Technology and Management.From 2001 to 2004 he was visiting professor at the Staffordshire University. In 1970s Stamper jointed the work of the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), and participated in the IFIP TC8/WG8.1 Task Group Design and Evaluation of Information Systems. In the 1990s he made a significant contribution to its 1998 publication of A Framework of Information System Concepts. The FRISCO Report. Work

Theoretical foundations of information systems
The main thrust of Stamper's published work is to find a theoretical foundation for the design and use of computer based information

masks:
Ronald K
) Stamper
Stamper


title: Ronald Stamper

type: original

texts:
 systems. He uses a framework provided by semiotics to discuss and prescribe practical and theoretical methods for the design and use of information systems, called the Semiotic Ladder. To the traditional division of semiotics into syntax, semantics and pragmatics, Stamper adds "empirics"."Empirics" for Stamper is concerned with the physical properties of sign or signal transmission and storage. He also adds a "social" level for shared understanding above the level pragmatics. Stamper adopted the idea of the sign as the fundamental unit of informatics after his research into the meaning of the word "information" which he considered dangerously polysemous. He was concerned to establish an operationalism at the semantic level of information systems rather than the binary level. LEGally Oriented Language LEGOL
His work at the LSE investigating LEGOL (for  LEGally Oriented Language – a computerized representation of the law) led him to incorporate the idea of Norms pioneered by Von Wright and the Affordances of Gibson in a system called NORMA (for NORMs and Affordances). <mask> collaborated with <mask> of the University of Texas on organizational deontics incorporating the Speech Acts of Austin and Searle. This led to the broader methodology he called MEASUR (for Methods for Eliciting, Analysing and Specifying Users’ Requirements).MEASUR incorporated the methods of Problem Articulation, Semantic Analysis and Norm Analysis, and uses the ontology chart. IBM partly sponsored the research into LEGOL at the LSE, and LEGOL 2, was used as an application to test IBM's seminal Peterlee Relational Test

masks:
Stamper
Ronald Lee


title: Ronald Stamper

texts:
 Vehicle, the first relational database. Publications
Books
 <mask>, R.K. (1973). Information in business and administrative systems. B. T. Batsford: London and New York: Wiley. <mask>, R.K. (1980). LEGOL-2 for the expression of legal and organisational norms (application aspects of the LEGOL project).Stamper, R.K. & Lee, R.M. (1986). Doing Business with Words: Performative Aspects of Deontic Systems. Research Note 86-40, US Army Research Institute for the Behavioural and Social Sciences, Arlington, VA.
Falkenberg, E.D. et al. (1998). A Framework of Information System Concepts.The FRISCO Report. WEB edition. [Report] IFIP 1998. Liu, K., Clarke, R. J., Andersen, P. B. & <mask>, R. K. (2001). Information, organisation and technology: Studies in organisational semiotics. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Liu, K., Clarke, R. J., Andersen, P. B. & <mask>, R. K. (2002). Coordination and communication using signs: Studies in organisational semiotics. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Liu, K., Clarke, R. J., Andersen, P. B. & <mask>, R. K. (2002). Organizational semiotics: Evolving a science of information systems.Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. <mask>, R.K. et al. (2004). Semiotic Methods for Enterprise Design and IT Applications. Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Organisational Semiotics. Articles, a selection
 <mask>, R.K. (1971). "Some Ways of Measuring Information."Computer Bulletin, 15, 423–436. <mask>, R.K. (1977). "The LEGOL 1 prototype system and language." The Computer Journal, 20(2), 102. <mask>, R. (1977). "Physical Objects, Human Discourse and Formal Systems."

masks: Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper


title: Ronald Stamper

texts: Architecture and Models in Data Base Management Systems VLDB2 1977, 293–311.<mask>, R.K. (1977). "Informatics without computers." Informatie 19, 272–279. <mask>, R.K. (1978). "Aspects of data semantics: names, species and complex physical objects." Information Systems Methodology, 291-306. Jones, S., Mason, P. & <mask>, R.K. (1979)."LEGOL 2.0: A relational specification language for complex rules." Information Systems 4(4) 1979, pp 293–305. <mask>, R.K. (1980). "LEGOL: Modelling legal rules by computer." Advanced Workshop on Computer Science and Law (1979 : University College of Swansea), 45–71. <mask>, R.K. (1985). "Towards a Theory of Information: Information: Mystical Fluid or a Subject for Scientific Enquiry?"The Computer Journal 28, 195. <mask>, R.K. (1986). "Legislation, information systems and public health." International Journal of Information Management, 6(2), 103–114. <mask>, R.K. (1988). "Analysing the cultural impact of a system." International Journal of Information Management 8, 107–122.<mask>, R.K., Althaus, K. & Backhouse, J. (1988). "MEASUR: Method for Eliciting, Analysing and specifying Users Requirements." In Computerised Assistance During the information Systems life cycle, (Eds, Olle, T.W., Verrijn-Stuart, A.A. & Bhabuts, L.) Elsevier Science, Amsterdam. <mask>, R.K., Liu, K., Kolkman, M., Klarenberg, P., van Slooten, F., Ades, Y. & van Slooten, C. (1991). "From Database to Normbase."International Journal of Information Management (1991) 11, 67–84. <mask>, R.K. (1991). "The Role of Semantics in Legal Expert Systems and Legal Reasoning*." Ratio Juris, 4(2), 219–244. <mask>,

masks: Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper Stamper


title: Ronald Stamper

texts:
 R.K. & Kolkman, M. (1991) "Problem Articulation: A sharp-edged soft systems approach." Journal of Applied Systems Analysis 18, 69–76. <mask>, R.K. (1992)."Review of Andersen A Theory of Computer Semiotics." The Computer Journal 35, 368. <mask>, R.K. (1993). "Social Norms in Requirements Analysis – an outline of MEASUR." In Requirements Engineering Technical and Social Aspects, (Eds, Jirotka, M., Goguen, J. & Bickerton, M.) Academic Press, New York. <mask>, R.K., Kecheng Liu, K. & Huang, K. (1994)."Organisational morphology in re-engineering." Proceedings of Second European Conference of Information Systems, Nijenrode University, 729–737. <mask>, R.K. (1998). "A Dissenting Position." In: A Framework of Information System Concepts. The FRISCO Report. (Ed.Eckhard D. Falkenberg, Wolfgang Hesse, Paul Lindgreen, Björn E. Nilsson, J.L. Han Oei, Colette Rolland, <mask><mask>, Frans J.M. Van Assche, Alexander A. Verrijn-Stuart, Klaus Voss). Web edition. IFIP 1998. <mask>, R. K. (2001). "Organisational semiotics: Informatics without the computer?"In K. Liu, R. J. Clarke, P. Bøgh Andersen, & R. K<mask> (Eds. ), Information, organisation and technology: Studies in organisational semiotics (pp. 115–171). Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. <mask>, R. & Liu, K. (2002). "Organisational dynamics, social norms and information systems." System Sciences, 1994.Vol. IV: Information Systems: Collaboration Technology Organizational Systems and Technology, Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Hawaii International Conference on, 4, 645–654. References

External links

1934 births
English computer scientists
British

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Stamper
Stamper
Stamper
Ronald K
. Stamper
Stamper
. Stamper
Stamper


title: György Cziffra

texts:
<mask> (; 5 November 192115 January 1994), also known as <mask> and <mask>, was a Hungarian-French virtuoso pianist and composer. He is considered to be one of the greatest virtuoso pianists of the twentieth century. Among his teachers was István Thomán, who was a favourite pupil of Franz Liszt. He became a French citizen in 1968. <mask> is known for his recordings of works of Franz Liszt, Frédéric Chopin and Robert Schumann, and also for his technically demanding arrangements of several orchestral works for the piano, including Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee and Johann Strauss II's The Blue Danube. Cziffra left a sizeable body of recordings. In recent years, dozens of private recordings from various sources have surfaced online, on YouTube.The non-profit short-run record label Zenith Classical is in the process of making Cziffra's private recordings available on CD. Early years
Cziffra was born to a poor Romani family in Budapest in 1921. In his memoirs <mask> describes his father as "a cabaret artist". His parents had lived in Paris before World War I, when they were expelled as enemy aliens. His earliest training in piano came from watching his elder sister Yolande practice. She had decided she was going to learn the piano after finding a job which allowed her to save the required amount of money for buying an upright piano. Cziffra, who was weak as a child, often watched his sister practice, and mimicked her.He learned without sheet music, instead repeating and improvising over tunes sung by his parents. Later he earned money as a child improvising on popular music at a local circus. In 1930 Cziffra began to study at the Franz Liszt

masks:
György Cziffra
Georges Cziffra
George Cziffra
Cziffra
Cziffra


title: György Cziffra

texts:
 Academy under the tuition of Ernő Dohnányi until 1941, when he was conscripted into the Hungarian Army. He gave numerous concerts in Hungary, Scandinavia and the Netherlands. Later years
Hungary was allied with the Axis during the Second World War. <mask> had just married his wife Soleilka, who was pregnant when he entered military training. His unit was sent to the Russian front.He was captured by Russian partisans and held as a prisoner of war. After the war he earned a living playing in Budapest bars and clubs, touring with a European jazz band from 1947 to 1950 and earning recognition as a superb jazz pianist and virtuoso. After attempting to escape communist Hungary in 1950 he was again imprisoned and subject to hard labour in the period 1950–1953. In 1956 Cziffra escaped with his wife and son to Vienna, where his recital was warmly received. His successful Paris debut the following year  preceded his London debut at the Royal Festival Hall playing Liszt's first piano concerto and Hungarian Fantasy which was also well received. His career continued with concerts throughout Europe and debuts at the Ravinia Festival (Grieg and Liszt concertos with Carl Schuricht) and Carnegie Hall, New York with Thomas Schippers. Cziffra frequently performed with a large leather wristband to support the ligaments of his wrist, which were damaged after he was forced to carry 130 pounds of concrete up six flights of stairs during his two years in a labor camp.In Cannons and Flowers, his autobiography, which has  been described as "a hallucinatory journey through privation, acclaim, hostility and personal tragedy", Cziffra recounts his life story up until 1977. In 1966, he


title: György Cziffra

texts:
 founded the Festival de musique de La Chaise-Dieu in the Auvergne, and three years later he inaugurated the piano competition named after him at Versailles. In 1968 he took French citizenship and adopted the first name 'Georges'. In 1977 he founded the Cziffra Foundation, sited in the Saint Frambourg chapel in Senlis, Oise, which he bought and restored, with the aim of helping young musicians at the outset of their careers. <mask>'s son, <mask> <mask> Jr., was a professional conductor and participated in several concerts and recordings with his father. However, his promising career was cut short by his death in an apartment fire in 1981. Cziffra never again performed or recorded with an orchestra, and some critics have commented that the severe emotional blow affected his playing quality.Cziffra died in Longpont-sur-Orge, Essonne, France, aged 72, from a heart attack resulting from a series of complications from lung cancer. List of compositions

Original works
 Improvisation en forme de valse (1950)
 Ouverture Solennelle (Solemn Overture), for piano
 Pastorale pour Gerbert, for piano or organ (1976)

Arrangements and transcriptions
 Johannes Brahms: 15 Hungarian Dances (transcriptions of Nos. 1-6, 8-10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19, and 21, from piano duet to piano solo) (c.1950?) Johannes Brahms: Hungarian Dance No. 5 (improv version) (1950s?) Johannes Brahms: Waltz Op. 39 No.15 (1993?, much earlier?) Frederic Chopin: Minute Waltz (1993?) Antonin Dvorak: Improvisation (1988)
 Manuel de Falla: Ritual Fire Dance (c.1955?) Edvard Grieg: The Hall of the Mountain King (1988)
 Aram Khachaturian: Sabre Dance (c.1955?) Franz Lehar: Gold and Silver Waltz (1993)
 Franz Liszt:

masks: Cziffra György Cziffra


title: György Cziffra

texts:
 concerts, a few of which have been commercially released on disc, several can be obtained non-commercially, some however have been lost. Video

 Cziffra made a series of videos for BBC television broadcast in the 1962-1963 season. They are all available to watch freely online
 Videos of 2 concerto appearances and 2 recitals in Japan in 1964 and 1967 have been lost by NHK, but audio portion remain intact. The entire 1967 studio recital is available on CD. Several video recordings were made of Cziffra improvising at the piano in his home 1988–1993. There is also some valuable footage in the documentary film "György Cziffra et Le Pays Retrouve", readily available on Youtube
 An astonishing video of Chopin's Piano Concerto No.1, from 1967, has recently surfaced

References
Notes

Sources
<mask>, <mask>, tr. John Hornsby (2006). Cannons and Flowers, on MusicWeb International web site, accessed 8 September 2016. Morrison, Bryce (n.d.). "Cziffra, <mask> [Georges]" in Oxford Music Online, accessed 6 September 2016. .
Summers, Jonathan (n.d.). "Gyorgy Cziffra", from A-Z of Pianists, Naxos Records web-site, accessed 6 September 2016. New York Times, Obituaries, Published: January 18, 1994.External links

 NY Times Obituary
 PianoRed on Cziffra  (Spanish)
 Fondation Cziffra (French)
 Cziffra Fondation Vienna (German)

1921 births
1994 deaths
Musicians from Budapest
20th-century classical composers
Franz Liszt Academy of Music alumni
Deaths from lung cancer
Hungarian classical composers
Hungarian male classical composers
Hungarian classical pianists
20th-century French male classical pianists
Composers for piano
Hungarian jazz pianists
Male jazz musicians
Hungarian

masks: Cziffra György György


title: Saidiya Hartman

texts:
<mask> (born ) is an American writer and academic focusing on African-American studies. She is currently a University Professor at Columbia University. Early life
<mask> was born in  and grew up in Brooklyn, New York. She earned a B.A. from Wesleyan University and Ph.D. from Yale University. Career
Hartman worked at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1992 to 2006 where she was part of the Department of English and African American Studies. In 2007 <mask> joined the faculty of Columbia University, specializing in African-American literature and history.In 2020 she was promoted to University Professor at Columbia. <mask>, Rockefeller, Whitney Oates, and University of California President's Fellow and was awarded the 2007 Narrative Prize from Narrative Magazine and the Gustav Myers Award for Human Rights. Hartman won a MacArthur “genius” grant in 2019. Fields of interest
Hartman's major fields of interest are African-American and American literature and cultural history, slavery, law and literature, gender studies, and performance studies. She is on the editorial board of the journal Callaloo. She is the author of the influential Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-making in Nineteenth Century America (Oxford University Press, 1997), Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007), and Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments: Intimate Histories of Social Upheaval (W. W. Norton, 2019). Hartman's "essays have been widely published and anthologized."Theoretical concepts
<mask> introduces the idea of "critical fabulation" in her article "Venus in Two Acts", although she could be said to be engaged in the practice in both of her full-length books, Scenes of Subjection and Lose Your Mother. The term "critical fabulation" signifies a writing methodology that combines historical and archival research with critical theory and fictional narrative. Critical fabulation is a tool that Hartman uses in her scholarly

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Hartman
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title: Saidiya Hartman

texts:
 intimate space. She writes, “It is inside but public…The hallway is a space uneasy with expectation and tense with force of unmet desire. It is the liminal zone between the inside and outside for the one who stays in the ghetto; the reformer documenting the habitat of the poor passes through without noticing it, failing to see what can be created in cramped space, if not an overture, a desecration, or to regard our beautiful flaws and terrible ornaments." Contributions to the understanding of slavery
<mask> has made literary and theoretical contributions to the understanding of slavery. Her first book, Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth-Century America, is an examination of, among other topics, the intersection of slavery, gender, and the development of progressivism in the United States through the exploration of blank genealogies, memory, and the lingering effects of racism.Working through a variety of cultural materials –- diaries, journals, legal texts, slave and other narratives, and historical song and dance—Hartman explores the precarious institution of slave power. Her second book, Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route (2007), confronts the troubled relationships among memory, narratives, and representation. She concentrates on the "non-history" of the slave, the manner in which slavery "erased any conventional modality for writing an intelligible past". By weaving her own biography into a historical construction, "she [also] explores and evokes the non-spaces of black experience—the experience through which the African captive became a slave, became a non-person, became alienated from personhood. Through these experiences, came the title: "Because of the slave trade you lose your mother, if you know your history, you know where you come from. To lose your mother was to be denied your kin, country and identity. To lose your mother was to forget your past" (85).Hartman's contributions to understanding


title: Saidiya Hartman

texts:
 into the sea in order to quell an insurrection on their part, then the insurers must answer.”. or <mask> <mask> in Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route (2007)
Harman then goes on to argue that Weskett's classification as things separated by their perishability, vulnerable to different kinds of risk. "Death was just a variant of spoilage. A dead girl was not really all that different from rotten fruit."The Promised Lands
Black people in the Diaspora, with no knowledge of a past, try to imagine a past that is nothing like the harsh present entangled with murder, humiliation, and incarceration. Such imaginations include the pre-colonial era of Kings and Queens. Rastafarians envision a sort of replica of such a past into the future with calls of the downfall of Babylon and a return to the Promised Land. Hartman explains: "The heirs of slaves wanted a past of which they could be proud, so they conveniently forgot the distinctions between the rulers and the ruled and closed eyes to slavery in Africa. They pretended that their ancestors had once worn the king's vestments and assumed grand civilization of Asante as their own." This, coupled with a longing for belonging only achievable by escaping the brutality of the West's racism and returning to Africa the homeland, led to disbelief and shock when encountering Ghanaians who favored migrating to the U.S. to escape the impoverishment of the present. Hartman notes: "African Americans entertained fantasies of return and Ghanaians of departure.From where we each were standing, we did not see the same past, nor did we share a common vision of the Promised Land." To the Ghanaians, the Promised Land is America, the images heavily circulated in movies, music videos, and more, that tell one story of wealth and prosperity even for Black Americans. Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments
<mask>'s work Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments: Intimate Histories of Riotous Black Girls, Troublesome Women, and Queer

masks: Saidiya Hartman Hartman


title: Saidiya Hartman

texts:
 to continue her career as a performer and as a result of the struggles she endured as an out lesbian. Living outside the boundaries of heterosexuality and what passed as woman, if not directly criminalized by the state, was still considered deviant and punishable outside the limited spaces created by and for queer folks.<mask> also writes about the minor lives that easily slip in the archive into oblivion. Tacked away as uncomfortable facts, they are overshadowed by large figures; white and famous men. Photograph 308 in Thomas Eakins’ photographic collection is of a nude African American girl, posed as Venus. Hartman contemplates on the girl's anonymity, which becomes "a placeholder for all the possibilities and the dangers awaiting young black women in the first decades of the twentieth century. In being denied a name or, perhaps, in refusing to give one, she represents all the other girls who follow in her path. Anonymity enables her to stand in for all the others. The minor figure yields to the chorus.All the hurt and the promise of the wayward are hers to bear." Fred Moten also discusses the photograph in an essay, titled, “Catalogue Number 308 (The Black Apparatus Is a Little Girl),” which is in his book Black and Blur. It won the 2019 National Book Critics Circle Award (Criticism). Works
 Wayward Lives, Beautiful Experiments: Intimate Histories of Riotous Black Girls, Troublesome Women, and Queer Radicals (W. W. Norton & Company, 2019)
 Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007)
 Scenes of Subjection: Terror, Slavery, and Self-Making in Nineteenth Century America (Oxford University Press, 1997)

References

Living people
Columbia University faculty
People from Brooklyn
Wesleyan University alumni
Yale University alumni
African-American historians
Historians of slavery
Literary theorists
1961 births
Historians from New York (state)
21st-century African-American people
MacArthur Fellows
20th-century


title: Jill Ker Conway

texts:
<mask>  (9 October 1934 – 1 June 2018) was an Australian-American scholar and author. Well known for her autobiographies, in particular her first memoir, The Road from Coorain, she also was Smith College's first woman president (1975–1985) and most recently served as a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2004 she was designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the National Women's History Project. She was a recipient of the National Humanities Medal. Biography
<mask> was born in Hillston, New South Wales, in the outback of Australia. Together with her two brothers, <mask> was raised in near-total isolation on a family-owned  tract of land called Coorain (the aboriginal word for "windy place"), which eventually grew to encompass . On Coorain, she lived a lonely life, and grew up without playmates except for her brothers.In her early years, she was schooled entirely by her mother, with the aid of correspondence class material for her primary school and early grade school education. <mask> <mask> spent her youth working the sheep station; by age seven, she was an important member of the workforce, helping with such activities as herding and tending the sheep, checking the perimeter fences and transporting heavy farm supplies. The farm prospered until it was crippled by a drought that lasted seven years. This and her father's worsening health put an increasing burden on her shoulders. When she was eleven, her father drowned in a diving accident while trying to extend the farm's water piping. Initially <mask> <mask>'s mother, a nurse by profession, refused to leave Coorain. But after three more years of drought, she was compelled to move <mask> and her brothers to Sydney, where the children attended school.<mask> <mask> found the local state school a rough

masks:
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Ker Conway
Ker Conway
Ker
Conway
Jill Ker
Conway
Jill
Ker
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title: Jill Ker Conway

texts: environment. The British manners and accent ingrained by her parents clashed with her peers' Australian habits, provoking taunts and jeers. This resulted in her mother enrolling her at Abbotsleigh, a private girls school, where <mask> <mask> found intellectual challenge and social acceptance. After finishing her education at Abbotsleigh, she enrolled at the University of Sydney, where she studied History and English and graduated with honours in 1958. Upon graduation, <mask> <mask> sought a trainee post in the Department of External Affairs, but the all-male committee turned down her application. After this setback, she travelled through Europe with her now emotionally volatile mother. In 1960, she decided to strike out on her own and move to the United States.At age 25, she was accepted into the Harvard University history program. There she assisted a Canadian professor, <mask>, who became her husband until his death in 1995. <mask> <mask> received her Ph.D. at Harvard in 1969 and taught at the University of Toronto from 1964 to 1975. Her book True North details her life in Toronto. From 1975 to 1985, <mask> <mask> was the president of Smith College. After 1985, she was a Visiting Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She received thirty-eight honorary degrees and awards from North American and Australian colleges, universities and women's organizations.Throughout her career, <mask> <mask> served as director on a variety of corporate boards. These include stints of more than a decade on the boards of Nike, Colgate-Palmolive, and Merrill Lynch. After 2011, <mask> <mask> served as the Board Chair of Community Solutions. It is a non-profit organization with a focus on homelessness and related issues, based in New York City. <mask> died on 1 June 2018 at her home in

masks:
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Conway
Ker
Conway
John Conway
Ker
Conway
Ker
Conway
Ker
Conway
Ker
Conway
Conway


title: Jill Ker Conway

texts:
 Boston at the age of 83. President of Smith College

In 1975, <mask> <mask> became the first female president of Smith College, the largest women's college in the United States. Located in Northampton, Massachusetts, Smith, a private liberal arts college, is the only women's college in the U.S. to grant its own degrees in engineering.<mask> <mask> launched the Ada Comstock Scholars program, initially proposed by her predecessor Thomas Mendenhall. This program allows non-traditional students, many with work and family obligations, to study full or part-time, depending on their family and work schedules. These women can take classes for a bachelor's degree over a longer period of time. Conway House, dedicated in 2006, a residence for Ada Comstock Scholars was named in honor of <mask> <mask>. One of <mask> <mask>'s more notable accomplishments is a program she initiated to help Ada Comstock Scholars on welfare. At the time, many students who were also welfare mothers were not pursuing higher education, as accepting a scholarship would cause them to lose their welfare benefits. The mothers were forced to choose between supporting their children or furthering their education.By not giving them scholarships but paying their rent instead, <mask> <mask> circumvented the state's system. She also gave the students access to an account at local stores, access to physicians and so on. ABC's Good Morning America profiled graduates of the program, giving it national exposure. Eventually the state of Massachusetts, convinced about the importance of the program, changed its welfare system so that scholarship students wouldn't lose their benefits. She also led the creation of the Smith Management Program (now called Smith Executive Education) and the Project on Women and Social Change. She worked to

masks: Ker Conway Ker Conway Ker Conway Ker Conway Ker Conway


title: Jill Ker Conway

texts:
 expand the curriculum leading to the development of programs in women's studies, comparative literature, and engineering. <mask> took a keen interest in fundraising and under her presidency the endowment nearly tripled from $82 million to $222 million.These efforts enabled several large-scale projects including the construction of the Ainsworth Gymnasium, and expansion of the Neilson Library. The Career Development Office was also expanded under her tenure to better education alumnae about career opportunities and graduate training. In 1975, <mask> <mask> was named by Time as a Woman of the Year. The Road from Coorain

<mask> <mask> started writing her first memoir after leaving Smith College, during her period at MIT. The Road from Coorain was published in 1989 () and details her early life, from Coorain in Australia to Harvard in the United States. The book begins with her early childhood at the remote sheep station Coorain near Mossgiel, New South Wales. <mask> <mask> writes about her teenage years in Sydney and especially her education at the University of Sydney, where university studies were open to women but the culture was focused heavily on the men.She describes her intellectual development and later her feelings when she realizes that there is a bias against women; based upon her sex, she is denied a traineeship at the Australian foreign service. In 2001, Chapman Pictures produced a television film, The Road from Coorain, featuring Katherine Slattery as the grown-up <mask> and Juliet Stevenson as her mother. Awards and honors

 1960 <mask> <mask> was a 1960 Fulbright Postgraduate Scholar in History from the University of Sydney to Harvard University. 1975 In the first year of her presidency at Smith College, <mask> was named a "woman of the year", one of a small group of

masks:
Conway
Jill Ker
Conway
Ker
Conway
Ker
Conway
Jill
Jill Ker
Conway
Conway


title: Jill Ker Conway

texts:
 notable women selected for that award by Time magazine. 1989 L.L. Winship/PEN New England Award, The Road from Coorain
 Ker <mask> was appointed a Companion (AC) in the General Division of the Order of Australia on 10 June 2013 for her eminent service to the community, particularly women, as an author, academic and through leadership roles with corporations, foundations, universities and philanthropic groups. On 12 June, she was removed as a 'Companion' and invested as an 'Honorary Companion' of the Order of Australia, because she no longer held Australian citizenship.On July 10, 2013, she received a 2012 National Humanities Medal from President Barack Obama. Legacy
In 2017 the John and <mask> <mask> residence for veterans was opened in Washington DC. Selected bibliography

Books

 Reprinted as:

Chapters in books

Journal articles

  Pdf. References

External links

 National Women's History Project - <mask> <mask> biography
 <mask> <mask>: A Life
 Penguin Randomhouse Books - <mask> <mask>
 A Woman's Education by <mask> <mask>

 Excerpts from The Road from Coorain

 Masterpiece Theatre - The Road from Coorain, aired May 13, 2008

 Booknotes interview with <mask> <mask> on When Memory Speaks: Reflections on Autobiography, May 24, 1998. 1934 births
2018 deaths
Honorary Companions of the Order of Australia
American historians
American memoirists
Australian emigrants to the United States
People with acquired American citizenship
Harvard University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
Nike, Inc. people
University of Sydney alumni
University of Toronto faculty
National Humanities Medal recipients
American women historians
Presidents of Smith College
Women heads of universities and colleges
American women memoirists
People educated at Abbotsleigh
21st-century

masks:
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Jill Ker
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Jill Ker
Conway
Jill Ker
Conway
Jill Ker
Conway
Jill Ker
Conway
Ker
Conway


title: Christian Karlsson (DJ)

texts:
<mask> (born 14 July 1975), also known by his stage name Bloodshy, is a Swedish record producer, DJ, and remixer known for his work with the musical groups Bloodshy and Avant, Miike Snow, Ingrid, and Galantis. He started his international music career as one half of the electro pop duo Bloodshy & Avant with Pontus Winnberg, producing and co-writing tracks for pop stars such as Madonna, BoA, Kylie Minogue, and Katy Perry. Bloodshy & Avant notably co-wrote and produced Britney Spears' single "Toxic", which earned them a Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording in 2005. While continuing to work with Bloodshy and Avant, <mask> Snow, the group's debut album, was released in 2009, and peaked at number 11 on the Top Electronic Albums chart in the United States. Miike Snow won the 2011 European Border Breakers Award, and their second album Happy to You reached No. 1 on the Belgian Heatseekers Albums Chart and 43 on the Billboard 200.<mask> is also a member of a band called Galantis together with Linus Eklöw. Their debut self-titled EP Galantis was released on 1 April 2014, and they debuted their live show at Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival two weeks later. The duo won Coachella 2014's Best Dance Music Moment from Billboard, beating Calvin Harris and Chromeo with 52% of the vote. Galantis had international success with their single "Runaway (U & I)" in October 2014, which received a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 58th Grammy Awards. Galantis released their debut album Pharmacy on 8 June 2015, and that year the duo was named Best Breakthrough Artist at the International Dance Music Awards. <mask> Snow, the latter of which released their third album, iii, in March 2016. Early life
<mask> began focusing on music at age thirteen, recollecting "I come from skateboard culture, so it was punk rock, and I got into hip hop when hip hop got into skateboarding.I had never done anything else but music." He began working in the studio mixing and

masks:
Lars Christian Karlsson
Karlssonike
Karlsson
Karlssonike
Christian Karlsson


title: Christian Karlsson (DJ)

texts:
 producing music as a teenager, and held stints with Swedish pop groups such as Goldmine, who at one point opened for the Fugees. Music career

Bloodshy and Avant singles (2000–2005)

Early in his music career, Bloodshy began working with his childhood friend Pontus Winnberg on electronic music and house music. <mask> adopted the moniker Bloodshy, and began working avidly on songwriting and producing with Winnberg as Bloodshy and Avant. The duo scored their first success working with American singer-songwriter Christina Milian for her late 2001 début album. The duo were then commissioned to work with English pop group Sugababes. Their subsequent collaboration with Ms. Dynamite resulted in several tracks on her 2002 album A Little Deeper, including her hit début single, "It Takes More".Bloodshy and Avant co-wrote and produced two songs on Britney Spears' 2003 album In the Zone: "Showdown", and the hit single, "Toxic", which two years later won at the 47th Grammy Awards as Best Dance Recording, also winning a 2005 ASCAP Award for most performed song. Bloodshy and Avant subsequently produced all three new songs on Spears' 2004 Greatest Hits: My Prerogative, and also produced the theme song for her Britney & Kevin: Chaotic reality series in 2005. After working with Spears, the duo continued to work with high-profile pop stars such as Katy Perry, Kylie Minogue, and Sky Ferreira. In 2005, Bloodshy and Avant co-wrote and co-produced two tracks with Madonna for her Confessions on a Dance Floor album. They also produced tracks for Ms. Dynamite's 2005 release Judgement Days. Bloodshy and Avant worked with Spears on her album Blackout in 2007, collaborating on songs such as "Piece of Me" and "Radar". In 2007, for Kylie Minogue's 10th studio album X, Bloodshy and Avant co-wrote and produced songs such as "Speakerphone".Bloodshy and Avant again helped Spears on her 2008 album Circus, producing tracks such as "Unusual You". Also that year, Bloodshy and Avant


title: Christian Karlsson (DJ)

texts:
 produced few songs for South Korean pop star BoA's English début BoA, and the following year they produced "Chocolate Love" for the K-pop girl groups Girls' Generation and f(x). Miike Snow and INGRID (2008–2012)

Bloodshy and Avant encountered and befriended American vocalist Andrew Wyatt in 2007, formulating the idea for a future collaboration. Bloodshy and Avant soon formed the band Miike Snow with Wyatt, and Miike Snow, the group's debut album, was released in 2009. The first single to be taken from the album was the electro-pop "Animal", released on 17 February 2009. "Black & Blue", the album's second single, was released on 15 October 2009, while the third single "Silvia" was released on 22 January 2010 in the UK. The album peaked on number 11 on the Top Electronic Albums chart in the United States.Continuing to mix and perform with Bloodshy and Avant while with Miike Snow, in 2010 <mask> worked with Sky Ferreira to produce singles like "One", which was released in August. In 2011, <mask> alone co-produced two songs for Britney Spears' 7th studio album Femme Fatale, "How I Roll" and "Trip to Your Heart". In July 2011, <mask> co-founded the Swedish artist collective and record label INGRID along with Miike Snow, Peter Bjorn and John, Lykke Li, Coco Morier and Dungen. Beyond INGRID, Bloodshy and Avant own Studio Robotberget, a studio based in Stockholm. They also run a label called Ändersson with signed artists and musicians including Little Majorette, Sky Ferreira and Meadow. Miike Snow won the 2011 European Border Breakers Award. On 24 January 2012, Miike Snow released "Black Tin Box", a collaboration with Swedish singer Lykke Li.On 13 March 2012, Miike Snow released their second album Happy to You. It met with a largely positive response in publications such as AllMusic Rolling Stone, and NME, with a mixed review from Pitchfork Media. It charted well, reaching No. 1 on the Belgian Heatseekers Albums Chart and 43 on the Billboard 200. Founding

masks: Karlsson Karlsson Karlsson


title: Christian Karlsson (DJ)

texts:
 Galantis and "Smile" (2013)

<mask> is a member of a band called Galantis together with Linus Eklöw, which they formed around 2013. <mask> and Eklöw had first met by chance at <mask>'s Robotberget studios in Stockholm, sometime in 2007. In 2009, Miike Snow asked Eklöw to remix their song "Animal".Afterwards <mask> and Eklöw, both based in Sweden, started hanging out in the studio together, playing each other songs and scraps of ideas. In 2012 they stopped the loop-based and software-centric approach, switching to <mask>'s usual method of beginning a song on guitar or piano. "We keep the song naked, and when we feel like we have the right one, we put some clothes on it and see how it feels", says <mask>. <mask> and Eklöw said: "when we started Galantis, we set out to challenge each other and experiment with all of the sounds and ideas that we find exciting. We built a studio on a small island in the Baltic Sea and our surroundings became a source of inspiration." Galantis signed to Atlantic Records' dance imprint Big Beat Records in mid-2013. Their first single with Big Beat Records, "Smile", was released that following November.As the first composition they agreed upon, "Smile" received several remixes from various artists, and an extended mix by Kaskade. "Smile" has also been featured by Kaskade, Diplo, Tiesto, Dada Life, Steve Angello, and Pete Tong, who featured it as an Essential Tune. Its controversial video premiered on Stereogum, and featured the first instance of the "Seafox", a band mascot created by visual artist Mat Maitland. Galantis EP and touring (2014)

In February 2014, the duo released their second single "You". The track was subsequently played heavily at Winter Music Conference, becoming the 8th most Shazamed track at the festival. Their debut self-titled EP Galantis was released on April 1, 2014. Galantis debuted their live show at Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival on April 12, 2014, about two weeks after they released

masks: Karlsson Karlsson Karlsson Karlsson Karlsson Karlsson Christian


title: Christian Karlsson (DJ)

texts:
 June 8, 2015. The duo uploaded each song to their YouTube channel with alternate artworks for each track.<mask> was touring with Galantis at the end of 2015 as well, with plans to hit venues in Las Vegas and other North American cities. In 2015, Galantis was named Best Breakthrough Artist at the International Dance Music Awards. On March 4, 2016, Miike Snow released iii. With the band, <mask> performed singles from the album on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on March 1, 2016. In addition, the band announced a tour in 2016 to promote the album, to take place from March 3, 2016 to July 29, 2016. Specific dates included SXSW, Coachella, the Governors Ball Music Festival and Lollapalooza, as well as others.Style and equipment
<mask> is known for writing and producing a mixture of big room house, progressive house, and other electronic music genres. He uses similar approaches in his different musical groups, stating that with Galantis, they "always start with the song. We use guitar, piano, and bass lines we don't keep to figure out which clothes we're going to put on each melody and lyric. I think that's different than a lot of others in the dance scene. They have a beat they love and then force a top line on top of it." <mask> furthermore stated that with Galantis, "A Galantis song sometimes has been only on a piano for two years before we even start putting a kick drum in it ... there's no Galantis song that starts with a beat or a track." Personal life
As of 2016, Bloodshy is based in Bangkok with his family.Awards and nominations

Discography

With Bloodshy and Avant

With Miike Snow

 Miike Snow (2009)
 Happy to You (2012)
 iii (2016)

With INGRID
Hearts Beating Weak (2012)

With Galantis

 Galantis EP (2014)
 Pharmacy (2015)

Further reading

Discographies
<mask> at AllMusic
<mask> at Discogs

References

External links

WeAreGalantis.com
MiikeSnow.com

1975 births
Swedish DJs
Remixers
Living people
Grammy Award winners
Miike Snow members
Galantis

masks:
Karlsson
Karlsson
Karlsson
Karlsson
Christian Karlsson
Christian Karlsson


title: James Whitley Deans Dundas

texts:
Admiral Sir <mask>CB (4 December 1785 – 3 October 1862) was a Royal Navy officer. He took part in the Napoleonic Wars, first as a junior officer when he took part in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in Autumn 1799 and later as a commander when he was in action at Copenhagen Dockyard shortly after the capture of that City in August 1807. He also served as Whig Member of Parliament for Greenwich and then for Devizes and became First Naval Lord in the First Russell ministry in July 1847 and in that role his service was dominated by the needs of Whig party. He was appointed Commander-in-Chief in the Mediterranean in 1852 and led all naval operations in the Black Sea including the bombardment of Sevastopol in October 1854 during the Crimean War. Early career

Born the son of Dr <mask> (of Calcutta) and <mask> (née <mask>), daughter of Thomas Dundas MP, <mask>, as he then was, joined the Royal Navy in March 1799. He initially joined the third-rate HMS Kent and took part in the Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland in Autumn 1799 during the War of the Second Coalition. In 1802 he saw action in combat with the French ship Duguay Trouin and was also involved with the capture of La Vautour.Promoted to lieutenant on 25 May 1805, he joined the fifth-rate HMS Cambrian and took part in capturing three privateers that year. After serving for a few weeks as flag-lieutenant to Admiral The Hon. George Berkeley on the North American Station and having been promoted to commander on 8 October 1806, he was given command of the fifth-rate HMS Rosamond but was injured

masks:
James Whitley Deans Dundas G
James Deans
Janet Deans
Dundas
James Deans


title: James Whitley Deans Dundas

texts: while putting out a fire at Copenhagen Dockyard shortly after the capture of that City in August 1807. Promoted to captain on 13 October 1807, he briefly took command of the fifth-rate HMS Cambrian. Following his marriage to <mask> he assumed the surname of <mask> in April 1808. <mask> was given command of the third-rate HMS Stately, flagship of Rear Admiral Thomas Bertie, in the Baltic Fleet in March 1809. He took command of the third-rate HMS Venerable in January 1812 and then the frigate HMS Pyramus in September 1812 and in the latter ship captured two more privateers.He took command of the armed frigate HMS Tagus in the Mediterranean Fleet in August 1815 and then the first-rate HMS Prince Regent, as flag captain to Admiral Sir William Parker who was commanding on the coast of Portugal, in 1830. Entering politics, <mask> became Whig Member of Parliament for Greenwich at the 1832 general election and, having also become Deputy Lieutenant of Berkshire on 16 June 1834, he sat in Parliament until he stood down at the 1835 general election in favour of a fellow Whig. He was then given command of the first-rate HMS Britannia, as flag captain to Admiral Sir Philip Durham who was Commander-in-Chief, Portsmouth, in 1836. He became Member of Parliament for Devizes in February 1836 in place of Sir Philip Durham who had stood down as Member of Parliament for that constituency. He then resigned his seat in Parliament when he became Clerk of the Ordnance on 21 March 1838. He was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath on 25 October 1839. Having been

masks:
Janet Dundas
Dundas
Dundas
Dundas


title: James Whitley Deans Dundas

texts:
 elected Member of Parliament for Greenwich again at the 1841 general election, <mask> became Fourth Naval Lord in the Second Melbourne ministry in June 1841 but stood down in September 1841 when the Government fell from power.Senior command

Promoted to rear-admiral on 23 November 1841, <mask> became Second Naval Lord in the First Russell ministry in July 1846 before stepping up to be First Naval Lord in the same ministry in July 1847. As First Sea Lord his service was dominated by the needs of Whig party and he stood down as First Naval Lord when the Government fell from power in February 1852. <mask> was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Fleet in 1852 and consequently resigned from the House of Commons, using the device of seeking appointment as Steward of the Manor of Hempholme, on 29 January 1852. Promoted to vice-admiral on 17 December 1852, he led all naval operations in the Black Sea in command of the Baltic Fleet, including the bombardment of Sevastopol in October 1854, during the Crimean War. <mask> returned to England in January 1855 and was appointed to the Turkish Order of the Medjidie (First Class) on 15 May 1855, advanced to Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath on 5 July 1855 and awarded the Grand Cross of the French Legion of Honour on 30 April 1857. Promoted to full admiral on 8 December 1857, he died at Weymouth in Dorset on 3 October 1862. Family
On 2 April 1808, he married his first cousin, Janet, only daughter and heiress of <mask>, later Lord Amesbury.His first wife died in April 1846 and, in August

masks:
Dundas
Dundas
Dundas
Dundas
Charles Dundas


title: James Whitley Deans Dundas

texts:
 1847, he married Lady Emily Moreton, fourth daughter of Thomas Reynolds-Moreton, 1st Earl of Ducie. By his first wife, he had a life interest in large estates in Flintshire and Berkshire – centred on Aston Hall in Flintshire and Barton Court at Kintbury in Berkshire – which, at his death, passed to his grandson, Mr. Charles Amesbury <mask> Dundas. (<mask>' elder son, <mask> <mask> <mask>, having predeceased him in 1856.) See also
 Deans Dundas Bay
 List of British recipients of the Légion d'Honneur for the Crimean War

References

Further reading
 Russian war, 1854, Baltic and Black Sea: official correspondence, edited by David Bonner-Smith and Captain A.C. Dewar. Publications of the Navy Records Society. v. 83. ([London]: Printed for the Navy Records Society, 1943)
 Note in the Bodleian Library Catalog: "Correspondence between the Admiralty and Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Napier respecting naval operations in the Baltic.--Correspondence between the Admiralty and Vice-Admiral Sir <mask> <mask> respecting naval operations in the Black Sea."External links

|-

First Sea Lords and Chiefs of the Naval Staff
Lords of the Admiralty
Royal Navy admirals
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Crimean War
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1847–1852
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
<mask>, <mask> Croix of the Légion d'honneur
Recipients of the Order of the Medjidie, 1st class
1785

masks:
Deans
Dundas
Charles Whitley
Deans
Dundas
James Deans
Dundas
Dundas
James Grand


title: Joseph Henry Green

texts: <mask> (1 November 1791 – 13 December 1863) (72 years) was an English surgeon who became the literary executor of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. <mask> was the only son of <mask>, a prosperous merchant, and was born at the house over his father's office in London Wall. His mother was Frances Cline, sister of <mask>, the surgeon. At the age of fifteen he went to Germany and studied for three years, his mother accompanying him. He was then apprenticed at the College of Surgeons to his uncle, <mask>, and followed the practice at St. Thomas's Hospital. While still a pupil he married, on 25 May 1813, Anne Eliza Hammond, daughter of a surgeon, and sister of a class-fellow. On 1 December 1815 he received the diploma of the College of Surgeons, and set up in surgical practice in Lincoln's Inn Fields, where he remained until his retirement to the country.In 1813 he had been appointed demonstrator of anatomy (unpaid) at St. Thomas's Hospital. In the autumn of 1817 he went to Berlin to take a private course of instruction in philosophy with Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand Solger, to whom he had been recommended by Ludwig Tieck in London. He had already met Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who came to meet Tieck more than once at <mask>'s house. In 1820 he was elected surgeon to St. Thomas's Hospital, on the death of his cousin, <mask> the younger. In 1824 he became professor of anatomy at the College of Surgeons,  delivering four annual courses of twelve lectures on comparative anatomy, using the textbook of Carl Gustav Carus. In 1825 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. In the same year he became professor of anatomy to the Royal Academy, then located at Somerset House, where he lectured a year on

masks:
Joseph Henry Green
Life Green
Joseph Green
Henry Cline
Henry Cline
Green
Henry Cline


title: Joseph Henry Green

texts:
 anatomy in its relation to the fine arts.He retired from this post in 1852. From 1818 he had shared the lectureship first on anatomy and then on surgery at St. Thomas's with Sir Astley Cooper, who retired in 1825, and wished to assign his share of the lectures to his two nephews, Bransby Cooper and Charles Aston Key. <mask>, who had paid Cooper £1,000 for his own half share, acquiesced, but the hospital authorities did not, whereupon Sir Astley started lectures in connection with Guy's Hospital, which had up to that time sent its pupils to the medical school of St. Thomas's. On the establishment of King's College in 1830, <mask> accepted the chair of surgery. He had a reputation, especially in lithotomy, for which he always used Cline's gorget. Coleridgean
<mask> met Coleridge in June 1817. A group calling themselves the "Friends of German Literature" invited Tieck, and they gathered at <mask>'s house in Lincoln's Inn Fields.Through James Gillman, <mask> with Tieck and <mask> Robinson visited Coleridge at Highgate. <mask> over the years spent much time in conversation with Coleridge, and in his Poetical Works, Coleridge inserted two pieces of verse by <mask> (Pickering's ed. of 1847, vol. ii. ), a tribute to friendship. <mask> was to be his literary executor, and he was so named in Coleridge's will. He was to dispose of manuscripts and books for the benefit of the family; but as many of the books (with annotations) would be necessary for the carrying out of another part of <mask>'s executory duties, namely the publication of a system of Coleridgean philosophy, <mask> was asked, in so many words, to purchase the books himself, which he did.They were later widely dispersed, in

masks:
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green
Henry Crabb
Green
Green
Green
Green
Green


title: Joseph Henry Green

texts:
 the British Museum, a large number in the possession of Coleridge's descendants, and many others in private hands, both in the United Kingdom and in the United States. Accused in 1854 by Clement Mansfield Ingleby in Notes and Queries of withholding from publication works which Coleridge had left more or less ready for the press, <mask> wrote to explain what it was that he held in trust from Coleridge. In the same year that Coleridge died (1834), <mask>'s father also died and left him a large fortune. He then accepted Coleridge's legacy as an obligation. In 1836 he gave up his private practice in Lincoln's Inn Fields, and lived for the rest of his life at Mount House, near Barnet. <mask>'s house in Hadley is now home to Mount House School. He resigned also in 1837 his chair at King's College, but retained for seventeen years longer (until 1852) the surgeoncy to St. Thomas's Hospital, and a share of the lectures on surgery for part of that time.With a view to a Coleridgean synthesis, he undertook a course of reading, revived his knowledge of Greek, learned Hebrew, and worked on Sanskrit. An introduction by him to the Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit is prefixed to the edition of 1849. Later life

In 1835 the council of the College of Surgeons had chosen him for life into their body; he was elected a member of the court of examiners in 1846 (also a life appointment), and twice filled the office of president of the college (1849–50 and 1858-9). In 1851, he served as a Juror [i.e. for selecting the most significant or important exhibits] during "The Great Exhibition", his area of expertise being surgical instruments and equipment. In 1853 he was made D.C.L. at Oxford, on the

masks: Green Green Green


title: Joseph Henry Green

texts:
 occasion of Lord Derby's installation as chancellor.The General Medical Council having been established by the Medical Act of 1858, <mask> became the representative on it of the College of Surgeons. Two years after he was appointed by the government president in succession to Sir B. Brodie, and held that office until his death. Having suffered in his later years from inherited gout, he had an acute seizure on 1 November 1863, and died in his house at Hadley on 13 December. According to his friend Sir John Simon, his last words were "Stopped. ", referring to his own pulse

His wife survived him; he had no issue. He was buried in a family vault (plot no.5039) on the western side of Highgate Cemetery, on the left hand side of the main path between Comfort's Corner and the Egyptian Avenue. Works
Previous to 1820 he had published anonymously 'Outlines of a Course of Dissections,' and in that year he enlarged the book into his 'Dissector's Manual,' with plates, said to have been the first work of the same kind or scope yet published.He wrote no original memoirs except a minor piece in Med.-Chir. Trans. xii. 46. Two of his Royal Academy lectures, on 'Beauty' and on 'Expression', were published in the Athenæum 16 and 23 December 1843. The claims made by the Cooper family led to a quarrel. <mask>'s part in it was a long pamphlet ('Letter to Sir Astley Cooper on the Establishment of an Anatomical and Surgical School at Guy's Hospital,' London, 1825), which stated the legal case.He published, chiefly in The Lancet, a large number of lectures, clinical comments, and cases. In 1832 he gave the opening address (published) of the winter session, taking as his subject the functions or duties

masks: Green Green


title: Joseph Henry Green

texts:
 of the professions of divinity, law, and medicine according to Coleridge. In the College of Surgeons he advocated reforms; the amended constitution of 1843, providing for a new class of fellows and the election of the council by the fellows, was in accord with his views published in a pamphlet in 1841 ('The Touchstone of Medical Reform'). He had already published two pamphlets on medical education and reform: 'Distinction without Separation: a Letter on the Present State of the Profession,' 1831, and 'Suggestions respecting Medical Reform,' 1834. As Hunterian orator at the college in 1841 he gave before a distinguished audience an obscure address on 'Vital Dynamics,' an attempt to connect science with the philosophy of Coleridge. Re-appointed Hunterian orator in 1847, he supplemented his former Coleridgean exposition with another in the same vein on 'Mental Dynamics; or, Groundwork of a Professional Education.' He made little definite progress with the Coleridgean system; but before he died he compiled a work from Coleridge's marginalia, fragments, and recollected oral teaching, under the title 'Spiritual Philosophy, founded on the teaching of S. T. Coleridge,' which was brought out, in two volumes (1865), with a memoir of <mask>, by his friend and former pupil Sir John Simon.The first volume, of which the first chapter was dictated to <mask> by Coleridge himself, is occupied with a groundwork of principles; the second volume is theological. References

External links

RCS page

Attribution

1791 births
1863 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Medical doctors from London
19th-century English medical doctors
English surgeons
Fellows of the Royal Society
Samuel Taylor


title: Charlie Gracie

texts:
Charles Anthony Graci (born May 14, 1936, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States), known professionally as <mask>, is an American rock pioneer and rhythm and blues singer and guitarist. Career

Early career
<mask>'s father encouraged him to play the guitar. His musical career started at the age of 16 when he appeared on the Paul Whiteman television show in 1952. <mask> performed at weddings, local restaurants, and parties, and on local radio and television. He also won regional talent contests. <mask> graduated from South Philadelphia High School in 1952. The owner of Cadillac Records, Graham Prince, heard one of <mask>'s early radio performances, contacted the young musician and signed him to a recording contract.This association yielded the single "Boogie Woogie Blues" backed with "I'm Gonna Sit Right Down And Write Myself A Letter". The record led to <mask>'s first appearance on Bob Horn's American Bandstand television program, four years before Dick Clark became the host. After cutting two more singles for Cadillac, including one called "Rockin' 'n' Rollin'" in 1952, <mask> moved on to 20th Century Records, where he put out another four sides. The discs he made embraced a wide variety of styles: jump blues, gospel, and country boogie with the influences of Big Joe Turner, B.B. King, Louis Jordan, Roy Acuff, and Hank Williams. Cameo success years
By 1956, Philadelphia had given birth to the new Cameo record label. Its founders, in search of a strong talent, signed <mask> later that year.With a $600 budget, this new union went into the recording studio to record "Butterfly" backed with "Ninety Nine Ways". It became a hit record,

masks:
Charlie Gracie
Gracie
Gracie
Charlie
Gracie
Charlie
Charlie
Gracie


title: Charlie Gracie

texts: reaching #1 in jukebox plays in the Billboard chart. <mask> received a gold disc for the two million plus sales. His only other Top 40 hit was with a song entitled "Fabulous" the same year, which reached number 16. This track also reached number 6 in the UK. Two other substantial sellers followed: "Wandering Eyes", his third Billboard Top 100 hit, which peaked at number 71 (another number 6 in the UK), and "Cool Baby" (also a top 30 hit in Britain). The financial success of these hits bankrolled the Cameo label, which became a dominant force in the music industry for several years.<mask>'s personal appearances grew until he performed and headlined some of the biggest venues of that time: Alan Freed's rock and roll shows at the Brooklyn Paramount, The Ed Sullivan Show, American Bandstand and the 500 Club in Atlantic City, New Jersey. He appeared in the 1957 film Jamboree and toured with Chuck Berry, the Everly Brothers, Bo Diddley and his close friend Eddie Cochran. <mask> became only the second American rock and roller to bring this new art form to the British concert stage. His two extensive tours in 1957 and 1958 were topped off by headlining the Palladium and the Hippodrome in London. In the audiences, among <mask>'s fans, were future rock musicians Graham Nash, and members of the Beatles. These performers and many other well-known acts have credited <mask> as an influence. George Harrison referred to <mask>'s guitar technique as 'brilliant' in a March 1996 interview with Billboard; Paul McCartney invited <mask> to the premiere party of his 1999 release which paid tribute to the early pioneers of rock music.According to the

masks: Gracie Gracie Gracie Gracie Gracie Gracie Gracie


title: Charlie Gracie

texts:
 documentary film Wages of Spin, <mask> sued Cameo Records for unpaid royalties and in retaliation was blacklisted from the radio and American Bandstand. Per the film, Bandstand host Dick Clark had a relationship with the record company and was paid $14,000 for services related to <mask>'s song "Butterfly". Later career
After Cameo, <mask> moved on to other record labels such as Coral, Roulette, Felsted, and Diamond, performing more of the R&B he preferred. Even as success slowed, he continued to perform in clubs, theaters, and resorts all over the USA and Europe, from the 1960s through the 1990s and into the 2000s. He still enjoys a loyal following in the United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, and the Netherlands, where he regularly tours - thanks in part to his dear friend and manager, Paul Barrett who represented <mask> until Paul's passing in 2019 . During the late 1990s, he was introduced to Quentin Jones, a guitarist, studio owner and label head. Jones had a strong background in roots music, having played in a rockabilly band produced by the Stray Cats bassist Lee Rocker.He also played lead guitar on Robert Gordon's 1996 self-titled CD. <mask> and Jones met at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. They decided to record an album together with Jones acting as producer. He brought in bandmate Dave Ferrara to play drums. Jones played bass guitar, combining with <mask>'s guitar and vocals. <mask> invited Jones and Ferrara to back him when Van Morrison commissioned <mask> to open his 2000 West Coast tour. Contributing their musical talents on his latest CD were Tommy Conwell, whose guitar playing is featured on "Still 19",

masks: Gracie Gracie Gracie Charlie Gracie Gracie Gracie Gracie


title: Charlie Gracie

texts: Ralph Miller on piano, Daryl Jenkins on saxophone, and Pete Barnhart on percussion.Graham Nash contributed vocals to the song "A little Too Soon To Tell". <mask>'s pioneering contribution to the genre has been recognized by the Rockabilly Hall of Fame and is inducted into the South Philadelphia High School Alumni Cultural Hall of Fame. In 2007, a documentary film about <mask>, Fabulous, was aired on PBS stations. In 2011, ABKCO released the CD For The Love of Charlie produced by Al Kooper and co produced by Quentin Jones, with guest artists Graham Nash, Peter Noone, Jimmy Vivino, Craig Ross, and Dennis Diken, with <mask> singing some of his own songs and some covers. On <mask>'s 75th Birthday, he recorded "Baby Doll" with the hill & hifi. Released in the fall of 2011, it was his first single in over 50 years to receive UK airplay on the BBC. In the US, the record entered the Top 100 on Mediabase's Top 40 Chart, from the strength of Airplay at Sirius XM.Richie Scarlet is featured on lead guitar and played with <mask> at the Bitter End, in NYC, on March 30, 2012 after a Live Radio broadcast at WFUV. WXPK & WXPN played "Baby Doll," as well, in regular rotation. The World Café featured <mask>, at their Philadelphia Venue, during the same time period, in support of the record. <mask> was inducted into the Broadcast Pioneers of Philadelphia Hall of Fame on November 16, 2012, at the Hilton City Avenue, Philadelphia. In 2019, <mask> toured the UK with Marty Wilde along with Mike Berry, Nancy Ann Lee and the Wildcats. <mask> is a devoted family man, married 60 plus years to his first and only wife, Joan. They have two children, a son and a

masks:
Gracie
Gracie
Gracie
Gracie
Gracie
Charlie Gracie
Gracie
Gracie
Family Gracie


title: TommyD

texts:
Tommy Asher Danvers, better known by his stage name <mask>, is a British producer, songwriter, arranger, DJ, and multi-instrumentalist and co-founder of NFT marketplace, Token||Traxx. He is best known for his work with artists such as Right Said Fred, Catatonia, KT Tunstall, Corinne Bailey Rae, and Graffiti6. He has also worked with Kylie Minogue, Janet Jackson, Noel Gallagher, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Kanye West, Jay Z, Beyoncé, Adele, Emeli Sandé, and fun. Early career
Born in London, to an actor father and a chef and restaurateur mother. He credits his initial interest in music to the varied sounds and cultures of his family home and the surrounding capital city. <mask>'s musical career began at the Elliott Comprehensive School in London. While in school, he performed as a guitarist, keyboardist, drummer, and singer in a number of South London-based bands of varying styles.Upon finishing his studies, he worked as an assistant in a commercial studio and additionally sold musical and studio equipment. At the age of eighteen, Danvers began a thirteen-year career as a DJ by performing in a local South London club. Within a year, he made a name for himself, becoming a resident at The Wag Club and The Limelight, running several successful nights with DJ DB. He also created his own record label in 1988. Through his friendship with Justin Berkmann, TommyD helped to develop Ministry of Sound, where he became a resident DJ in 1992 and toured with the likes of CJ Mackintosh, Masters at Work, Todd Terry, and Roger Sanchez. He described his DJing style as underground soulful house, similar to the new house of Disclosure and Duke Dumont. He was a regular DJ in venues such as Cream and Back To Basics in the United Kingdom, Space in Ibiza, and Danceteria, Mars, and Twilo in the United States.His DJ career included

masks: TommyD TommyD


title: Katie Smith

texts:
<mask> (born June 4, 1974) is lead assistant coach for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA). She is the former head coach of the New York Liberty. A retired professional basketball player, <mask>'s primary position was shooting guard, although she sometimes played small forward or point guard. She was the all-time leading scorer in women's professional basketball, having achieved over 7000 points in both her ABL and WNBA career. In 2016, she was voted one of the WNBA Top 20@20. On March 31, 2018, <mask> was named to the 2018 class of inductees for the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame. In the same year, <mask> was also inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame.Early life
<mask> was born in Logan, Ohio, where she spent her formative years. She began playing basketball as early as the 5th grade on a boys' team and took tap dance and ballet lessons as a youngster. She grew up in a family of student-athletes. Her father, John Jr., played football at Ohio University (OU), and won three varsity letters in the 1960s before becoming a dentist. Her younger brother, Tom, earned three varsity letters playing football at Ohio University as well as being a member on their track and field team. Tom won the 1996 Mid-American Conference championship in the discus throw. Her older brother, John, was a member of one of 11 University of Mount Union football teams that won the NCAA Division III title.He now is the head football coach at Bexley High School. High school career
At Logan High School she was named the national Gatorade National Player of the Year during her senior year as she guided the Lady Chieftains to the Division I Ohio Girls' Basketball state championship game. <mask> was named a High School All-American by the WBCA. She participated in the

masks:
Katie Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Katie Smith

texts:
 inaugural WBCA High School All-America Game in 1992, scoring fourteen points, and earning MVP honors. College career
<mask> attended Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio from 1992 to 1996, and helped lead the Buckeyes to a Big Ten championship and the NCAA title game her freshman year. During her career at OSU, <mask> broke the Big Ten scoring record for points scored in a career, in men's or women's basketball. She earned two Big Ten Conference player of the year awards as a senior: the conference's own award and the Chicago Tribune Silver Basketball.<mask> graduated in 1996 with a degree in zoology. On January 21, 2001, Ohio State honored her as the first female Buckeye athlete to have her number retired. She was also inducted into the Ohio State Varsity O Hall of Fame in October 2001. Ohio State statistics
Source

Professional career

ABL
<mask> played for the Columbus Quest of the ABL, helping the team to win both League championships in its only two full seasons of existence. WNBA
In 2005, she became the first American female basketball player to score 5,000 total points in a professional career. On August 16, 2007 she became the first professional women's basketball player to score 6,000 career points (ABL and WNBA combined). At the end of her career in 2013 <mask> had a total of 7,885 professional career points, including 1,433 from the ABL and 6,452 from the WNBA.From 1999 to 2005 <mask> played for the Minnesota Lynx, where her outside shooting was the central focus of the Lynx offense. On July 30, 2005, <mask> was traded to the Detroit Shock along with the Lynx's 2006 second round pick, for Chandi Jones, Stacey Thomas and the Shock's 2006 first round draft pick. In 2006, <mask> became the first WNBA player to win All Star games as a member of both the Eastern and Western

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Katie Smith Smith Smith


title: Katie Smith

texts:
 Conference teams. She also became the only player to earn both ABL and WNBA championship rings when the Shock won the WNBA title, defeating the Sacramento Monarchs, the same year. <mask> was the MVP of the 2008 WNBA Finals, when the Detroit Shock beat the San Antonio Silver Stars 3–0. On March 16, 2010, <mask> signed a contract with the Washington Mystics as a free agent. On April 29, 2011, <mask> was acquired by the Seattle Storm in a three-team trade with the Washington Mystics and Indiana Fever.At the 2011 WNBA All-Star Game, she was announced as one of the Top 15 players in the fifteen-year history of the WNBA as voted by fans. On September 11, 2011 <mask> became the third player to score 6,000 points in her WNBA career. In 2013, <mask> was picked up by the New York Liberty and announced that the 2013 season would be her last. Europe
During the 2001–02 season she played for Polish Lotos Gdynia. They reached the final of EuroLeague Women. In 2009, she played for Turkish Fenerbahçe Istanbul. National team career
<mask> was chosen to join the team which was invited to the 1993 U19 World Championship (then called the Junior World Championship).The team won five games and lost two, but that left them in seventh place. <mask> was the second leading scorer for the team with 9.9 points per game

<mask> represented the US at the 1995 World University Games held in Fukuoka, Japan in August and September 1995. The team had a record of 5–1, securing the silver medal. The USA team won early and reached a record of 5–0 when the USA beat Yugoslavia. In the semi-final game, the USA faced Russia. The team was behind much of the first half but managed to tie the game at the half. The USA broke the game open in the second half and won 101–74.The gold medal match was against unbeaten Italy. The Italian

masks:
Smith
Katie Smith
Smith
Katie Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith
Smith


title: Katie Smith

texts: team started strong, scoring 12 of the first 14 points of  the contest. Sylvia Crawley scored eight consecutive points to end the first half, but that left the USA nine points behind. The USA took a small lead in the second half, but the team from Italy responded with a ten-point run, and won the game and the gold medal by a score of 73–65. <mask> averaged 4.4 points per game during the event. <mask> was invited to be a member of the Jones Cup team representing the US in 1996. She helped the team to a 9–0 record, and the gold medal in the event.<mask> averaged 6.8 points per game. As a member of the USAB women's senior national team, <mask> helped the US earn the gold medals in the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympics as well as the 1998 and 2002 World Championships. <mask> was named to the USA national team in 1998. The national team traveled to Berlin, Germany in July and August 1998 for the FIBA World Championships. The USA team won a close opening game against Japan 95–89, then won their next six games easily. In the semifinal game against Brazil, the USA team was behind as much as ten points in the first half, but the USA went on to win 93–79. The gold medal game was a rematch against Russia.In the first game, the USA team dominated almost from the beginning, but in the rematch, the team from Russia took the early lead and led much of the way. With under two minutes remaining, the USA was down by two points but the USA responded, then held on to win the gold medal 71–65. <mask> averaged 9.3 points per game. <mask> was named associate head coach of the New York Liberty for the 2016 season. She was elevated to head coach in October 2017. She was the head coach in the 2018 and 2019 seasons, but her contract was not renewed for 2020. <mask> then became the lead assistant coach for the Minnesota

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Joseph Emory Davis

texts:
<mask> (10 December 1784 – 18 September 1870) was an American lawyer who became one of the wealthiest planters in Mississippi in the antebellum era; he owned thousands of acres of land and was among the nine men in Mississippi who owned more than 300 slaves. He was the elder brother (by 23 years) of <mask> and acted as his surrogate father for several years. The younger <mask> became a politician, U.S. Senator, and later President of the Confederacy. In the 1820s, <mask> developed the Hurricane Plantation at Davis Bend, Mississippi. <mask> provided living conditions to his enslaved laborers that were marginally better than on neighboring plantations. <mask> allowed enslaved persons marginal self-government and provided skills training and health care to protect his investment in human life.He left the plantations in 1862 during the American Civil War, but they continued to operate under Union direction, as well as to house black soldiers and refugees. After the war, <mask> received a pardon and regained his lands. But, in the 1867 spring floods, the Mississippi River cut a new channel across the peninsula and transformed Davis Bend into Davis Island. <mask> moved to Vicksburg, selling the plantation to Benjamin Montgomery, his former slave who had been an outstanding manager. <mask> encouraged him in making a community of freedmen. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on December 10, 1784, near Augusta, Georgia. He was the oldest of the ten children of <mask> and Jane (Cook<mask>.Samuel farmed in Georgia, but in 1793 the <mask> family (by then consisting of the couple, four sons, and a daughter) set out for the newly formed state of Kentucky, where the land was more promising. In

masks:
Joseph Emory Davis
Jefferson Davis
Davis
Joseph Davis
Joseph Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Joseph Emory
Davis
Samuel Davis
) Davis
Davis


title: Joseph Emory Davis

texts:
 Kentucky, four more daughters were born, and lastly son Jefferson in 1808. <mask> was 23 years older than Jefferson. Legal career
At an early age, <mask> began working in a mercantile house. He studied law in Russellville and in Wilkinson County, Mississippi, where he accompanied his father in 1811 to explore the area. He was admitted to the bar in 1812 and first practiced in Pinckneyville, Mississippi. He also worked as an attorney in Greenville.<mask> kept his connections with associates in Kentucky, serving as the delegate from Jefferson County in the convention that organized the state government in 1817. He took a prominent part in framing its constitution. In 1820 <mask> moved to the river port of Natchez, Mississippi, where he formed a law partnership with Thomas B. Reed, then the leader of the Mississippi bar. They prospered in Natchez. Personal life
<mask> led an amoral personal life. While building his fortune, <mask> fathered three illegitimate daughters, born 1811 through 1823. It was not unusual for unmarried men to have relationships and children before marriage.(It is not known if the daughters had the same mother.) But he acknowledged them publicly, arranged for them to be educated, supported them, and brought them to live in his household for periods of time. Each of the three girls eventually married, aided by their father's wealth and status. They were Florida Ann <mask> (b. March 31, 1811, d. January 18, 1891, Warren County, Mississippi); Mary Lucinda <mask> (b. May 1, 1816, d. November 22, 1846, near Vicksburg,  Mississippi); and <mask> (b. c1823 – d. July 13, 1907, Williamsburg, Virginia). In 1827, the 43-year-old <mask> decided to marry and retire from

masks:
Joseph
Joseph Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Caroline Davis
Davis


title: Joseph Emory Davis

texts:
 law.He used his savings to buy land and slaves to become a planter. That year he married Eliza Van Benthuysen (1811–1863) in Natchez; she was 16 years old. Her widowed mother had owned a shoe and boot store in the city, but at the time of the marriage ran a boardinghouse in New Orleans. <mask> also adopted two children, <mask>. Nicholson, the infant son of Mrs. Jane Nicholson, and Martha Quarles, daughter of John Quarles. Martha Quarles was the granddaughter of Martha Brooks Wallace. Martha Wallace reared her until age 13 when the girl started living in <mask>'s household. Mississippi planter
As a cotton planter <mask> made a fortune, becoming "one of the richest men in Mississippi at the onset of the Civil War."He acquired an extensive amount of land and hundreds of slaves. In the late 1820s, he acquired nearly all the land on a peninsula that came to be known as Davis Bend. It was about 15 miles south of Vicksburg, also on the Mississippi River. By 1860 at the beginning of the American Civil War, his Hurricane Plantation included 5,000 acres and 5 miles of riverfront. <mask>, Eliza, and his three natural daughters had first lived in a relatively modest house he had built at Davis Bend in 1827. Later <mask> had a much larger structure built, which was started in 1835. It was a three-story brick mansion, finished in stucco.Large fireplaces heated the twelve rooms in winter. There were also numerous outbuildings. <mask> also acquired one of the best private libraries in the South. This plantation was considered one of the finest establishments on the Mississippi River. <mask> gave his much younger brother <mask> an adjacent 1,000 acres, which he developed as Brierfield

masks:
Davis
Joseph D
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Jefferson Davis


title: Joseph Emory Davis

texts:
 Plantation. The senior <mask> sold some land to other preferred neighbors. Davis Bend was surrounded on three sides by the river.While cotton was <mask>' chief cash crop, his plantation produced other crops, as well as a variety of meats. It was nearly self-sufficient. He had large herds of dairy and beef cattle and was the only planter on the peninsula to have sheep. In 1860 <mask><mask> held 365 slaves. He was one of nine planters in Mississippi to hold more than 300 slaves. They cultivated 1700 acres of improved land at Hurricane Plantation. <mask> worked to create a utopian plantation on a paternalistic model, borrowing from industrial ideas of Robert Owen.He provided improved living conditions and increased autonomy for the slaves, including establishing a plantation court which included a slave jury system. Recognizing the intelligence and leadership of Ben Montgomery, a slave, <mask> made him an overseer. He also entrusted him with running a store on the plantation. Montgomery also negotiated the sale of cotton from both plantations, which was highly unusual for the time. American Civil War
In 1863, after the fall of Vicksburg, <mask> took his family and kidnapped many slaves away from the plantation to Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Such moves were typical of major planters trying to preserve their "property" in chattel. His wife Eliza died the following year.They had no children together. Ben Montgomery continued to run things. But some slaves broke into the Big House and appropriated clothing and furniture. When the Union Army gained control of the area, General Ulysses S. Grant decided to make Davis Bend a "negro paradise" and allowed freedmen to lease land, as well as

masks:
Davis
Joseph Davis
Joseph E
. Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis


title: Joseph Emory Davis

texts:
 allowing black refugees to settle in the area. In 1865, Davis Bend raised nearly 2000 bales of cotton which Montgomery arranged for sale at a profit of $160,000. The slave community at Davis Bend had internal conflicts, as well as conflict with some of the military orders during the war. Many left after emancipation.Postwar years
At the war's end, <mask> returned to Vicksburg, slightly upriver from Davis Bend. Although his land had been confiscated during the war, he secured a pardon from President Andrew Johnson. He eventually regained his land from the Freedmen's Bureau, which was managing refugees. Many freedmen had already left by 1867 when Davis Bend got cut off from the mainland. The flooding Mississippi River cut a new channel across the neck of the peninsula, transforming it into the island. <mask> arranged a mortgage for Montgomery, selling him the plantation on a long-term note to make a community of freedmen. The community continued as a cooperative until it failed in the 1880s, at which time Isaiah Montgomery, Benjamin's son, moved the residents to found a new black community in Mound Bayou, Mississippi.<mask> and a granddaughter (born to one of his illegitimate daughters) resided upriver in the city of Vicksburg, from 1868 to his death in 1870. They lived in a grand house known as Anchuca, now on the National Register of Historic Places. <mask> became noted for his benevolence, for he paid to educate many youths of both sexes. See also
 <mask>
 List of slave owners

References

Further reading

1784 births
1870 deaths
 American lawyers
 American planters
 American slave owners
 People of Mississippi in the American Civil War
 <mask> family
 People from Wilkes

masks:
Davis
Davis
Davis
Davis
Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis


title: Erik Adolf von Willebrand

texts:
<mask> (1 February 1870 – 12 September 1949) was a Finnish physician who made major contributions to hematology. <mask> disease and <mask>rand factor are named after him. He also researched metabolism, obesity and gout, and was one of the first Finnish physicians to use insulin to treat a diabetic coma. <mask> qualified in medicine in 1896 from the University of Helsinki, where he received his Ph.D in 1899. He worked at the University of Helsinki from 1900 until 1930. From 1908 until his retirement in 1933, he was the head of the department of medicine at the Deaconess Hospital in Helsinki, where he also was physician-in-chief from 1922 to 1931. In 1924, <mask> was consulted about a young girl with a bleeding disorder.He described this disorder in 1926, distinguishing it from hemophilia. The disorder was named after him, becoming known as <mask> disease. The cause of the disease was later discovered to be a deficiency of a protein, now known as von Willebrand factor, that enables hemostasis. Early life and education
<mask> was born on 1 February 1870 in Vaasa, then part of the Grand Duchy of Finland in the Russian Empire. He was the third child of Fredrik <mask> <mask> and Signe Estlander. Fredrik had received a military education and later became an engineer. <mask> belonged to a German noble family; his ancestors settled in Finland in the 18th century.His family belonged to the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland. <mask> attended Vaasa Lyceum, where he excelled in botany, chemistry and zoology. During this time, he spent his summers collecting botanical, lepidopterological and ornithological specimens, and his winters exploring the Gulf of Bothnia. After obtaining his baccalaureate in 1890, he began his studies at the University of Helsinki, then known as the Imperial Alexander University in Finland. Prior to qualifying as a physician in 1896, he spent the summers of 1894

masks:
Erik Adolf von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
von Willeb
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
Magnus von
Willebrand
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand


title: Erik Adolf von Willebrand

texts:
 and 1895 working as a junior physician at a spa in Åland. After graduation, <mask> became assistant physician in the department of medicine at the Deaconess Hospital in Helsinki, where Ossian Schauman supervised his doctoral thesis on the changes in hemocyte count after venesection. <mask>'s early hematologic investigations also yielded a study on the regeneration of blood in anemia and a description of a method for the staining of blood smears using eosin and methylene blue.He received his Ph.D in 1899 from the University of Helsinki, for the thesis Zur Kenntnis der Blutveränderungen nach Aderlässen ("Blood Changes after Venesection"). Career
After the completion of his dissertation in 1899, <mask> was appointed chief physician at a spa in Heinola, and he shifted his interest from hematology to applied physiology. From 1900 to 1906, he lectured anatomy and later physiology at the University of Helsinki. During this period, he researched thermotherapy, particularly the health effects of saunas, and phototherapy, and invented an apparatus for measuring the dermal excretion of carbon dioxide and water. <mask>'s interest in internal medicine outweighed his interest in balneology and physical therapy, however, and in 1907 he took up the position of chief physician at a municipal hospital in Helsinki. In 1908, he was appointed docent in internal medicine at the University of Helsinki. Concomitant with this appointment, he succeeded Schauman as head of the department of medicine at the Deaconess Hospital in Helsinki.He also took over the laboratory at the Deaconess Hospital, which was renowned for its hematological services. In this position, he studied metabolism, obesity and gout. In 1912, he developed a method for measuring ketone bodies in urine, and the following year discussed dietetic treatments for diabetes. In 1918, nearly two decades after his last paper of the sort,

masks:
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand


title: Erik Adolf von Willebrand

texts:
 <mask> resumed his publishing of hematologic works, releasing studies on aplastic, hypochromic and pernicious anaemia. He also published a study regarding heart valve conditions based on data from over 10,000 autopsies performed in Helsinki from 1867 to 1916, and was a pioneer in the use of insulin, describing in 1922 its use in the treatment of diabetic comas. In February 1924, he successfully brought a moribund patient out of a diabetic coma through the application of insulin, using some of the first batch of the hormone ever delivered to Finland. <mask> remained at the University of Helsinki until 1930.He was physician-in-chief of the Deaconess Hospital from 1922 to 1931, and became honorary professor in 1930. He remained head of the Deaconess Hospital's department of medicine until his retirement in 1933. <mask> continued to publish articles after his retirement. On his 75th birthday, he released his last paper, entitled En genetisk blodsykdom blant innbyggerne på Åland ("A genetic blood disease amongst the islanders of Åland"). Von Willebrand disease

In April 1924, <mask> was consulted about Hjördis Sundblom, a five-year-old girl with a severe bleeding condition. Hjördis was the ninth of 11 children in a family from Föglö, one of the Åland Islands. She experienced regular bleeding from the nose, lips, gums and skin, as did six of her siblings.Three of her sisters had died due to the condition, and eight years later Hjördis died due to menorrhagia. Hjördis was brought to Von Willebrand's laboratory in Helsinki and he did not himself visit Föglö, but with the cooperation of a local schoolteacher he mapped the family pedigree. He found that the condition was present in the three previous generations, on both sides of Hjördis' family. 16 of the 35 women analysed had the condition (to a mild or severe degree), and 7 of the 31 men analysed had the condition (to a slight


title: Erik Adolf von Willebrand

texts: degree). An analysis of the heredity involved led <mask> to assume the inheritance was dominant, in contrast to hemophilia which was known to be a recessive disorder. The condition also differed from hemophilia in that it affected females at least as often as males. He published a Swedish-language article in 1926 about the disease, titled Hereditär pseudohemofili ("Hereditary pseudohemophilia").He referenced six previous publications from the years of 1876 to 1922, totalling 19 cases on families with bleeding diatheses. The earlier authors attributed the condition to hemophilia (even in the cases of females) or to thrombopathy, which was discovered shortly before as the cause of what had previously been known as purpura hemorrhagica or Werlhof's disease. <mask> also conducted hematological examinations on Hjördis and some of her family members. He recorded a normal or slightly reduced number of platelets and an undisturbed clot retraction, unlike Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. The bleeding time (Duke) was greatly prolonged, extending to more than 2 hours in some cases, while the clotting time was within the normal range. He concluded that the disease was either a new form of thrombopathy or a condition of the capillary endothelium. <mask> published a German-language version of Hereditär pseudohemofili in 1931, which attracted international attention in the disease.Blood samples were sent to researchers at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, and to several researchers in Europe, including  in Leipzig. Jürgens contacted <mask> and together they conducted studies on his patients. They also researched hemorheology, seeking to understand the underlying mechanism of bleeding disorders. In 1933 they co-authored an account of the disease, renaming it "constitutional thrombopathy". Numerous papers were subsequently published on the disease and it became eponymously known


title: Erik Adolf von Willebrand

texts:
 as von Willebrand disease between the late 1930s and the early 1940s. In 1957, it was discovered that <mask>rand disease is caused by a deficiency of a protein in blood plasma that enables hemostasis. The protein was characterised in 1971, and is known as von Willebrand factor.Von Willebrand factor has two functions. Firstly, it is the carrier molecule for factor VIII, the anti-hemophilic factor. Secondly, it promotes the aggregation of platelets and attachment to the vessel wall. In 2011, Jan van Gijn and Joost P. Gijselhart, writing in the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde, remarked that <mask> was not far wrong when he named the disease "hereditary pseudohemophilia". Personal life and death
In his personal life, <mask> was described as a mild-mannered and modest man. He married Walborg Maria Antell in 1900, and had two daughters. As a member of the Swedish-speaking minority in Finland, he was a supporter of Ossian Schauman's Folkhälsan, which promoted social welfare and health care for Swedish-speaking Finns.His research on the bleeding condition of the Åland islanders was of particular interest to him, as it was a hereditary disorder that affected the Swedish-speaking minority. After his retirement in 1933 he became an avid gardener and a supporter of nature conservation. <mask> died on 12 September 1949, at the age of 79. In 1994, he was commemorated with a stamp issued by Åland. The stamp was one in a set of two: the other commemorated <mask>, known for his pioneering work on heparin. Publications
The following list of publications is compiled from Lassila, R.; Lindberg, O. (2013)."<mask> <mask>". Haemophilia. 19 (5): 645. References

Sources

1870 births
1949 deaths
Academics of the University of Helsinki
Finnish hematologists
Finnish people of German descent
People from Vaasa
Swedish-speaking Finns
University of Helsinki alumni
20th-century Finnish

masks:
von Willeb
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
Von Willebrand
Erik Jorpes
Erik von
Willebrand


title: Georgiana Howard, Countess of Carlisle

texts:
<mask>, Countess of Carlisle (née Cavendish; 12 July 1783 – 8 August 1858) was a British noblewoman. She was born after nine years of childless marriage between William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, and his wife, Lady <mask>, the political hostess and socialite. As such, she was a member of one of the country's grandest and richest families. In 1801, the young Georgiana married George Howard, Viscount Morpeth, later becoming Countess of Carlisle upon her husband's accession in 1825. Their twelve children included the 7th and 8th Earls of Carlisle. Another child, the Duchess of Sutherland, was Mistress of the Robes and a close friend to Queen Victoria. Family and early life

Lady Georgiana Dorothy Cavendish was born on 12 July 1783 at Devonshire House, the eldest child of William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, who controlled one of the largest fortunes in England and belonged to one of the country's leading families.Her mother was Lady <mask> Spencer, the famous political hostess and socialite. The new baby, born during a difficult labour, arrived after nine years of childlessness and six days after her first cousin Frederick. Called "Little G" by her mother, the baby was named after Lady Georgiana and her aunt the Duchess of Portland, who also served as a godparent alongside Lord John Cavendish and the Prince of Wales, later George IV. The Duchess of Devonshire chose to breastfeed the infant herself and did not employ a wet nurse, an unusual decision for a member of the upper class; her husband's family was displeased with her choice, as they felt it conflicted with the task of birthing a male heir. A month after her birth, "Little G" was christened alongside her cousin Frederick at the church in Wimbledon Park – the same place the Duke and Duchess married nine years earlier. The Duke had predicted their first child would be a girl and was disappointed, though the Duchess asserted

masks:
Georgiana Dorothy Howard
Georgiana Spencer
Georgiana


title: Georgiana Howard, Countess of Carlisle

texts:
 delightful wife".Marriage
Potential suitors in marriage included Lord John Russell and George Howard, Viscount Morpeth. Russell was nearly twenty years older than Georgiana, while Howard was approximately eleven years her senior. The Duchess of Devonshire favoured Morpeth, who was the eldest son of the 5th Earl of Carlisle. Morpeth met Georgiana for the first time at the coming out ball, and he was invited back to a house party at Chatsworth House later that year. No engagement occurred, however; to convince his daughter to agree to the match, the Duke of Devonshire offered Georgiana a £30,000 dowry and the use of their London residence Londesborough House. She did not agree until Christmas later that year, marrying Morpeth on 21 March 1801 when she was seventeen. Lady Holland characterised it as "a suitable match in every respect.Without possessing great beauty she has many charms". The new couple would have a happy marriage. After the wedding, the new Lady Morpeth went to live with her husband's family at Castle Howard in Yorkshire. She was surprised to discover a patriarchal family culture that emphasised showing little affection to children, in contrast to her own background being raised by her loving mother. Georgiana's sister Harriet likened the relationship between the 5th Earl of Carlisle and his children to "a Prince and his followers", adding that "Lord <mask> certainly keeps his children in great awe of him". Lord and Lady Morpeth would have six sons and six daughters together; she raised them all devotedly in contrast to the pre-existing environment of the household. The birth of their second son Edward in December 1809 delayed the marriage of her sister Harriet to Lord Granville Leveson-Gower.Georgiana was present at the birth of Harriet's first child Susan in 1810. In early 1803, Georgiana and Morpeth joined her aunt Lady Bessborough in Paris. There, Bessborough and her