title: Teresa Ribera

texts:
 (UNSDSN), the global climate change advisory council of the World Economic Forum, and the Momentum For Change initiative of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); belongs to the international council of the BC3, to the advisory council of the Institut pour la Recherche du Développement (IRD) and to the patronages of Fundipax and Fundación Alternativas. In September 2013, she began to collaborate with the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI), based in Paris, and in June 2014 she assumed its direction. The organization is dedicated to the analysis of strategic issues related to sustainable development, climate change, protection of biodiversity, food security and management of the urbanization process. In May 2014, the prosecutor's office denounced the development of a gas storage site, called Project Castor, which was halted because of seismic activity. Environmental prevaricación was alleged, and one of the accusations was directed against <mask>, because when the project was approved by the Government in 2008, she occupied the State Secretariat of Climate Change and was the person who signed the environmental impact assessment by which the project was authorized.In 2015, 18 people were charged from the Geological and Mining Institute of Spain and the General Directorate of Quality and Environmental Evaluation. However, they held posts of a technical nature and no politicians were charged, including Ribera. In 2015, she joined Pedro Sánchez's expert panel to prepare the Socialist Party's electoral program. Political career

Minister for the Ecological Transition
In June 2018, it was announced that <mask> would be the Minister for the Ecological Transition of the Sánchez government, following the motion of censure that the PSOE presented against the previous government of Mariano Rajoy (PP) and that was approved by the Congress of Deputies. On 1 June 2018, Sánchez appointed her as

masks:
Teresa Ribera
Ribera


title: Teresa Ribera

type: original

texts:
 Minister in new Spanish government. Felipe VI sanctioned by royal decree of June her appointment as holder of the portfolio of Minister for the Ecological Transition. On 7 June she took office as Minister before the King at Palace of Zarzuela.The first measures that <mask> carried out as minister was to end the so-called "sun tax" to allow the free production of power in an effort to increase  ecological power and to reduce the price of electricity. In an effort to end coal pollution and to transform the power production of Spain, Ribera reached an agreement with unions to close most of the coal mines that still survived in the north of the country by making an investment of €250 million to avoid a fall in the miners’ standard of living  and to restore the environmental balance of the area. In a letter sent to their counterparts in the European Commission – Miguel Arias Cañete and Pierre Moscovici – in May 2019, Ribera and Budget Minister María Jesús Montero called on the European Union to assess a potential carbon tax on power imports to protect the bloc’s interests and help it to pursue its environmental targets amid growing public concern over climate change. Under <mask>'s leadership, the Spanish government stepped in to host the 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference after riots over inequality prompted Chile to withdraw with just one month’s notice. Deputy Prime Minister
On 13 January 2020, <mask> assumed the office of Fourth Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for the Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge before the King in Zarzuela Palace in the Sánchez second cabinet. It was the first time in the history of Spain that a government would have four vice-presidencies. In April 2020, the Prime Minister commissioned <mask> to carry out the plan to ease the lockdown, that is, the way in which the country would exit the State of Alarm activated due to the COVID-19 viral pandemic.For this objective, <mask> organized a group

masks: Ribera Ribera Ribera Ribera Ribera


title: Teresa Ribera

texts:
 of experts in all areas, from economics to epidemiologists. In statements to EFE news agency in April, <mask> said that the recovery should be done with "green" and "solidary" measures. She then called for a "Green New Deal" for Spain to both further environmentalism and help the country get out of the national lockdown. She stated in May that tourism, which accounts for 12% of Spanish GDP, was of "particular concern" when it came to the impending economic recession in Spain due to the coronavirus. On 15 December 2020, <mask> was one of the first European ministers to declare that if it was not possible to make the Energy Charter Treaty compatible with the Paris Agreement, there would be no choice but to withdraw from it. In July 2021, after the resignation of Second DPM Pablo Iglesias, <mask>'s post was suppressed and she was appointed Third Deputy Prime Minister. In May 2021, the Spanish parliament passed the Climate Change and Energy Transition Act.In late 2021, the cabinet approved Ribera’s 16.3 billion euro energy plan, which is to allocate 6.9 billion euros ($7.8 billion) to renewables, green hydrogen and energy storage over two years and to attract another 9.45 billion euros in private funding under its COVID-19 recovery plan. Recognition
 2018 – Climate Reality Project Award in the category of 'Public Personality', awarded by the Climate Reality Project

See also

 List of Complutense University of Madrid people

References

1969 births
21st-century Spanish politicians
21st-century Spanish women politicians
Complutense University of Madrid alumni
Deputy Prime Ministers of Spain
Government ministers of Spain
Living people
Members of the 13th Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Autonomous University of Madrid faculty
Spanish jurists
Environment ministers of Spain
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians
Women government ministers of Spain
Women members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the 14th Congress of Deputies

masks: Ribera Ribera Ribera


title: Orator Shafer

texts:
George W<mask> [sometimes spelled Shaffer or Schaefer] (October 4, 1851 – January 21, 1922) was an outfielder in Major League Baseball. Nicknamed "Orator", because he was an avid speaker, Shafer played for 10 teams in four different major leagues between 1874 and 1890. Though he was a good hitter who batted over .300 three times, <mask> was best known for his defensive abilities. He led the National League's outfielders in assists four times. In 1879, he set an MLB single-season record with 50 outfield assists, which is a mark that has stood for over 130 years. He was considered by some to be the greatest right fielder of his era. Shafer was  tall and weighed .<mask> was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1851. He was a "promising young Philadelphia amateur" before starting his professional baseball career in 1874 in the National Association. That year, he played in nine games for the Hartford Dark Blues and in one game for the New York Mutuals, with a cumulative batting average of .225. His fielding percentage was a career-low .710. The following season, he played 19 games for the Philadelphia Whites and batted .243. <mask> was known during his playing career by the nickname "Orator". According to Alfred Henry Spink, founder of The Sporting News, he received the nickname because he "was a great stickler for his rights and talked to himself when not talking to the Umpire."Another player of the era, future Baseball Hall of Fame inductee Orator Jim O'Rourke, shared the same nickname. Major league regular
<mask> joined the National League's Louisville Grays in 1877. He earned a job as the team's starting

masks:
. Shafer
Shafer
Background Shafer
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Shafer


title: Orator Shafer

texts: right fielder, and he led the league in games played (61), outfield assists (21), and outfield errors (28). He also batted .285 and had the second-most home runs in the league with three. (Lip Pike had four homers.) In 1878, <mask> had one of his best seasons at the plate for the Indianapolis Blues. He batted .338 to finish sixth in the batting race and also ranked among the league leaders in on-base percentage (third), slugging percentage (third), and total bases (fourth).His OPS+ total of 186 led the league, and his 3.8 wins above replacement was the highest among all position players. <mask> also had 28 assists in the outfield. In 1879, <mask> signed with Cap Anson's Chicago White Stockings. However, he had left Indianapolis the previous year with some unpaid debts. The White Stockings traveled to Indianapolis to play an exhibition game in June, and the local sheriff was waiting for both him and teammate Silver Flint. After the game, <mask> and Flint escaped the ballpark in a horse-drawn carriage to avoid arrest, and only their manager, Anson, was taken to jail. Shafer batted .304 for Chicago in 1879 and also set a career high by getting 50 assists.The 50 outfield assists was 20 more than any other NL player and established a major league record that has never been broken. In 1880, <mask> joined the Cleveland Blues and was their regular right fielder for the next three seasons. He continued his good hitting and fielding during his first year with the club, batting .266 with an OPS+ of 125 and leading the league again with 35 assists. However, his batting average dropped to .257 the following season and

masks: Shafer Shafer Shafer Shafer Shafer


title: Orator Shafer

texts:
 then to .214 in 1882. His fielding percentage dropped as well, from .901 in 1880 (fourth in the league) to .805 in 1882. <mask> played for the Buffalo Bisons in 1883. He batted .292 and led the NL in outfield assists for the fourth and final time, with 41.He then signed with the St. Louis Maroons in the new Union Association for the 1884 season. Playing in a career-high 106 games in 1884, <mask> also batted a career-high .360 and was one of the best hitters in the UA. He led the league with 40 doubles, and he finished second only to teammate Fred Dunlap in several other offensive categories, including batting average, on-base percentage (.398), slugging percentage (.501), runs scored (130), hits (168), and total bases (234). The Maroons went 94–19 and finished first in the Union Association. Later career

<mask> stayed with St. Louis as they moved to the National League in 1885; his batting average fell to .195. The following season, he played 21 games for the American Association's Philadelphia Athletics, hit .268, and then spent the next few years in the minor leagues. In 1887, he played for Lincoln of the Western League until he was suspended in September for punching an umpire in the face.<mask> moved on to the Western Association's Des Moines team in 1888, and he played well, batting .338 and leading the league in hits. In 1889, he was the captain of the Detroit Wolverines, which won the International League championship. <mask> then rejoined the Philadelphia Athletics in 1890. In his final major league season, he played in 100 games, batted .282, and led the AA's outfielders with a .958 fielding


title: Orator Shafer

texts:
 percentage. He was the second-oldest player in the league, at 38 years old. <mask>'s younger brother, Taylor, also played for the 1890 Athletics. Legacy
Over his 13-season Major League Baseball career, <mask> played a total of 871 games.He had 1,000 hits in 3,552 at bats, a .282 batting average, 11 home runs, 601 runs scored, and 317 runs batted in. He also had 290 career outfield assists, which is the 10th highest total in MLB history. <mask> was an outstanding fielder. Fellow major league right fielder Paul Radford, when writing about how to play the position, said: "I always considered '<mask>' Shaffer a splendid right fielder, because of his skill in throwing out men at the initial bag. I know he threw me out thus in two successive games at Buffalo." According to The Sporting Life, <mask> "was for years considered the best man in his position." In 2001, statistician Bill James ranked Shafer as the 99th greatest right fielder of all-time.After his baseball career ended, <mask> worked at a race track as a book-writer. He died in Philadelphia in 1922 and was buried in West Laurel Hill Cemetery in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. See also
List of Major League Baseball annual doubles leaders

References

External links

1851 births
1922 deaths
Major League Baseball right fielders
19th-century baseball players
Hartford Dark Blues players
New York Mutuals players
Philadelphia White Stockings players
Louisville Grays players
Indianapolis Blues players
Chicago White Stockings players
Cleveland Blues (NL) players
Buffalo Bisons (NL) players
St. Louis Maroons players
Philadelphia Athletics (AA) players
Baseball players

masks: Shafer Shafer Shafer Orator Shafer Shafer


title: Keith Lyons

texts: <mask> (7 May 1952 – 13 May 2020) was an educator and sport scientist who specialized in the observation and analysis of performance in sport. He was the author of the first book on the use of video in sport. <mask> founded the Centre for Notational Analysis at the Cardiff Institute of Higher Education in 1992 with the help of John Pugh, Peter Treadwell, David Cobner and Sean Power. He moved to Australia in 2002 to take up a position as the founding Coordinator of Performance Analysis at the Australian Institute of Sport. He was the founding Director of the Institute of Sport Studies at the University of Canberra in 2009. <mask> blogged about his work in teaching, coaching and performance on the "Clyde Street" blog from 2008 onwards. <mask> was born in Buckley, Flintshire, Wales on 7 May 1952.His parents were Donald and <mask>. His siblings were footballer John and Judith. His brother committed suicide in 1982. <mask> attended the Alun School, Mold (1963–70), the University of York (1970–73), Loughborough College (1974–75), the London School of Economics and Political Science (1980-82) and the University of Surrey (1983–89). His PhD at the University of Surrey was titled 'A sociological analysis of the teaching of boys' physical education in the secondary school'. He played rugby for Ruthin RFC, University of York, Loughborough College, London Welsh RFC and Rosslyn Park FC. He represented North Wales at rugby union and played against three international touring teams, Tonga national rugby union team, Romania and the Welsh President's XV.After his retirement from rugby union, <mask> coached St Mary's College and Exeter University rugby union teams. He coached women's lacrosse and was an assistant coach to the Welsh team at the 1997 Lacrosse World Cup in Japan. He was the national coach for whitewater slalom (canoe slalom) in Wales 1998–2002. <mask> was a physical education

masks:
Keith Lyons
Lyons
Lyons
Personal Lyons
Joan Lyons
Keith Lyons
Lyons
Lyons


title: Keith Lyons

texts:
 teacher at Whitton Comprehensive School, Richmond-upon-Thames (1975–78), a lecturer in human movement studies at St. Mary's College. <mask> lived in Braidwood, New South Wales and was a volunteer member of the NSW Rural Fire Service. He was married to Sue and they had two children,  Beth and Sam. <mask> died on 13 May 2020 in Canberra Hospital of cerebral lymphoma.Analysing performance

Early years
<mask>' experience of sport and physical education led him to think about the systematic observation and analysis of player, teacher and coach behaviour. At Loughborough College, he was introduced to a range of ideas that informed his interest in the observation and analysis of performance. These included Rudolf Laban's effort notation and teaching games for understanding. At this time he met three leaders in the coaching of rugby union Ray Williams, Tony Gray and Jim Greenwood. This combination of experiences in teacher education and coaching framed <mask>' professional practice in notation and performance analysis. He started notating real-time performance in rugby union games in 1978 when he was appointed coach of the St Mary's College rugby union team. He qualified as a Welsh Rugby Union coach that year.By 1980, he was teaching courses in match analysis to students in the Human Movement Studies degree at St Mary's College. These courses used some of the early literature in notational analysis. At that time <mask> formed a close working relationship with the head of the audio-visual department at the College, Mike Murnane, and was able to use some of the early domestic video cameras to record rugby union games for lapsed-time analysis. <mask> and Murnane worked with women's hockey and lacrosse to support coach education courses. In 1982 they recorded all games played at the inaugural Women's Lacrosse World Cup at the Trent Bridge cricket ground, Nottingham. At that time (the

masks: Lyons Lyons Lyons Lyons Lyons Lyons


title: Keith Lyons

texts:
 early 1980s) there was an emerging interest in the United Kingdom in the analysis of performance in sport and physical education. Celia Brackenridge and John Alderson  reported on some of this work.The first workshop to discuss the role of video in sport was organised by Les Burwitz in 1986. <mask>' book  provided an overview of the emerging use of video in the analysis of performance. His PhD thesis  extended that work to share a qualitative account of teaching physical education that drew upon systematic observation protocols. Working with sporting organizations
Throughout the 1980s, <mask> provided analyses of performance to club and international rugby union teams. In 1991, he was appointed as the notational analyst for the Welsh Rugby Union and attended the Rugby World Cup. A year later, with the help of colleagues in the School of Sport at the Cardiff Institute of Higher Education he established the Centre for Notational Analysis. The Centre was planned as a service to sport with the explicit aim of working with sport organizations to adopt real-time and lapsed-time analyses of performance in training and competition environments.During the 1990s, the clients of the Centre included The Welsh Rugby Union, the Football Association of Wales, the Football Association, Great Britain Hockey, the Welsh Lacrosse Association and the Welsh Canoeing Association. The Centre worked to support the British Lions rugby union tour of South Africa in 1997, provided a video service for the International Federation of Women's Lacrosse Associations at the 1997 World Cup in Japan and serviced the South African football team at the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. <mask> was a member of the Welsh Rugby Union's Senior, A and Under 21 management team from 1995 to 1998 and was one of the first officially recognized performance analysts in world rugby union. The Centre was renamed the Centre for

masks: Lyons Lyons Lyons


title: Keith Lyons

texts:
 Performance Analysis in 1997. This name change marked an important epistemological shift in the work of the Centre. Thereafter work with sporting organizations focused on performance in applied contexts and staff at the Centre developed expertise in educational technology. <mask> left his role of Director of the Centre in 1998 but continued to work with the Centre up until his departure for Australia in 2002 to take up a position at the inaugural Co-ordinator of the Performance Analysis Unit at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS).In 2006 ,he was appointed Head of Biomechanics and Performance Analysis at the AIS. He was appointed Professor of Sport Studies at the University of Canberra in 2009. He retired from the University in 2013. During his time at the University, he supervised PhD candidates in numerous disciplines, including nursing, sports, biomechanics and sports management. From 2013 to 2017, the Rugby Football Union and England Wales Cricket Board engaged <mask> on a ‘learning journey’ project with some of their ten of the top professional coaches. During his time in Australia, <mask> made a significant contribution to paddling as a Paddle Australia director (2009-2013) as well as a volunteer, coach, parent and sports scientist in slalom canoeing. Open Sharing

In 2011, the International Journal of Computer Science in Sport published <mask>' paper Sport Coaches' Use of Cloud Computing: From Here to Ubiquity.In it he explained his interest in open sharing and the use of cloud computing resources so to do. The abstract of his paper:Cloud computing is providing sport coaches with opportunities to transform their work with athletes. This paper identifies characteristics of Cloud computing and discusses sport coaches’ use of the ‘Cloud’. Examples are presented of this use in the sport of canoeing in Australia. The paper examines some of the risks inherent in a move

masks: Lyons Lyons Lyons Lyons


title: Keith Lyons

texts:
 to Cloud computing whilst acknowledging the dynamic possibilities available from new ways of communicating. The paper concludes with a discussion of the use of iterative ‘good enough’ approaches to digital repositories. The curation and aggregation of digital resources has been one of <mask>' primary concerns in his career.He was an early adopter of social media resources, particularly microblogging services, as they emerged in digital computing. Anti-apartheid activities
Whilst at the University of York, <mask> specialized in the study of the politics of Southern Africa. Under the supervision of Christopher Hill and Adrian Leftwich, he used his interest in sport to investigate the impact of South Africa's apartheid policy on sport opportunity. His undergraduate thesis was titled Sanctions against Apartheid Sport. During that time he was introduced to Dennis Brutus and was given access to the archived papers of the Capricorn Africa Society held at York as a primary source for his research. Years later he met Sam Ramsamy and Peter Hain. He became involved in the activities of South Africa non-racial Olympic Committee (SAN-ROC) and spoke out as a rugby union player about the impact of apartheid on sport.As a result of these activities he was placed on a list of sportsmen excluded from traveling to South Africa. He was able to visit South Africa in 1995 as a member of the management team for the Welsh rugby union team participating in the World Cup. References

External links
Clyde Street Blog

1952 births
2020 deaths
Alumni of Cardiff Metropolitan University
Alumni of Loughborough University
Alumni of the University of Surrey
Alumni of the University of York
London Welsh RFC players
People educated at Alun School, Mold
Rosslyn Park F.C. players
Rugby union players from Flintshire
Sports scientists
University of Canberra alumni
Welsh rugby union coaches
Welsh rugby union

masks: Lyons Lyons


title: Humberto Bruni Lamanna

texts:
<mask>, (born March 26, 1957, Caracas Venezuela) descended from an Italian family, is a Classical Guitar concert artist. Musical studies

The musical studies of <mask> began at age fourteen, when he took the first music lessons from his father, <mask>i. Shortly, he began his studies as a guitar performer under the guidance of Flaminia De Sola, at the "Juan Manuel Olivares" Conservatory of Music, in Caracas. Flaminia De Sola was a distinguished disciple of Andrés Segovia at the Accademia Musicale Chigiana in Siena, Italy, founded by Count Guido Chigi Saracini  in 1932 as an international centre for advanced musical studies. In 1973 at age fifteen, <mask> made his first public appearance with great success in a solo recital, after just a few months of musical training. In 1980, Bruni obtained the degree "Profesor Ejecutante de Guitarra" (English: "Performer and Professor of Guitar"). Career as a soloist with orchestra

During 1980, <mask> made his first appearance as a soloist with the Orquesta Sinfónica Simón Bolívar (Simón Bolívar Symphony Orchestra), under the baton of Alberto Grau, at the Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex.Alberto Grau, founder and director of the world-renowned Schola Cantorum de Venezuela, conducted the Fantasía para un GentilHombre by Joaquín Rodrigo. The performance by Bruni of this Concerto for Guitar and Orchestra obtained such an incredible standing ovation that spanned for several consecutive minutes. In 1984, Bruni played the uttermost difficult piece for Guitar, the Concierto de Aranjuez for Guitar and Orchestra by Joaquín Rodrigo conducted by José Antonio Abreu. In 1995, UNESCO appointed Abreu as a Special Ambassador for the Development of a Global Network of Youth and Children Orchestras and Choirs. International career

In 1980 at age 23, <mask> made his international debut in the United States of America with the Massachusetts Symphony Orchestra conducted by Harry Levenson at the Mechanics Hall, Worcester, Massachusetts. He also made a tour, including several recitals in the Boston area and in the Pacific coast. In December

masks:
Humberto Bruni Lamanna
Humberto Bruni
Blas Bruni Cell
Humberto Bruni
Bruni
Bruni


title: Humberto Bruni Lamanna

texts:
 1980, <mask> was admitted at the New England Conservatory of Music, in Boston, which is the oldest independent Conservatory of Music in the United States of America.There, he made graduate Classical Guitar studies with Robert Paul Sullivan. In 1984, Bruni got the degree "Master of Music" in Guitar Performance. On May 13, 1984, Peter Clemente and <mask>, performed for the first time along the US East Coast the "Concierto Madrigal" for Two Guitars and Orchestra by Joaquín Rodrigo. Since then, Bruni has given a considerable number of recitals and public appearances as soloist with orchestras in the United States, Venezuela, Caribbean Islands, Spain and  Germany. Other fields of interest
<mask> <mask> holds a Systems Engineering Degree obtained at the Universidad Metropolitana, in Caracas, Venezuela. His dissertation for obtaining the Systems Engineering Degree, involved Artificial Intelligence,  specifically Artificial Neural Networks. Due to the novelty and innovations introduced by Bruni's Graduate Dissertation, the Universidad Metropolitana awarded it with the highest honors by the fulfillment of such a cutting-edge technology introduced for the first time in that institution.Among other studies, <mask> graduated in 2002 with honors at the IESA institute (Spanish: Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración) in Caracas, Venezuela, in an Executive MBA, (Spanish: PAG Programa Avanzado de Gerencia). Inventions

<mask> <mask> has a powerful influence from his father, Dr. Blas <mask> Celli, who is a medical doctor in pathology and besides he is an avid amateur pianist. Dr. <mask> explained to his son, at a very young age, the musculature anatomy of the human body arms and fingers. Dr. <mask> Celli explained to his son the anatomic causes which are responsible for the ring finger drastic weakness in human hands. Since then, <mask> <mask> has been attracted with great intensity to overcome the ring finger weakness, as well as the development of the independence of the fingers in both hands. At age 14, <mask> <mask> invented his first device specially

masks: Bruni Bruni Humberto Bruni Bruni Humberto Bruni Bruni Bruni Bruni Humberto Bruni Humberto Bruni


title: Humberto Bruni Lamanna

texts:
 designed for his father. The invention was intended to exercise and strengthen the ring finger musculature.After a very short period of time, the results in the independence and strength of <mask>'s father ring finger were just remarkable. This first experiment was a real milestone for <mask> <mask> of countless and meticulous observations about the mechanical nature of the human hands. <mask> <mask>'s knowledge of digital electronics and his proficiency in computer programming, have led him design and develop many inventions to achieve the fingers independence in both hands of the human being. Among his inventions, there are several computer-controlled devices. These inventions have been tested with several guitar students, and it has been proven that they have statistical significance in developing the inter independence of the human hand fingers. The first prototypes are about to be patented in the United States of America. Present Activities
<mask> has his own recording studio specially designed for Classical Guitar Recordings and small Music Ensembles in Pompano Beach, Florida.<mask> <mask> is also a Recording Engineer, graduated with the Highest Honor from SAE (Florida) where he was awarded as The Valedictorian of Class 2019 (January, 17) obtaining the unsurpassable rareness PGA=99.44/100 among the two hundred honorary graduands that day. Presently, <mask> is working on the recording of an "Anthology of Spanish Music for Guitar", which spanned since the Discovery of America at the End of Century IV up to XX Century: "Five Centuries of Evolution of the Academic Music as well as the Classical". He is now working toward the Transcription for Modern Classical Classical Guitar written by Johann Sebastian Bach for Lute. <mask> is writing an essay named "Breaking the Bach Code", which deals with the contribution of Johann Sebastian Bach to the modern guitar technique by means of several discoveries of logical fingering patterns found in Bach Lute Music. External links
 Official website

Venezuelan classical guitarists
Male guitarists
1957 births
Living

masks: Humberto Humberto Bruni Humberto Bruni Bruni Humberto Bruni Bruni Bruni


title: Phil Zimmermann

texts:
<mask><mask> (born 1954) is an American computer scientist and cryptographer. He is the creator of Pretty Good Privacy (PGP), the most widely used email encryption software in the world. He is also known for his work in VoIP encryption protocols, notably ZRTP and Zfone. <mask> is co-founder and Chief Scientist of the global encrypted communications firm Silent Circle. Background
He was born in Camden, New Jersey. Zimmermann received a B.S. degree in computer science from Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida in 1978.In the 1980s, Zimmermann worked in Boulder, Colorado as a software engineer on the Nuclear Weapons Freeze Campaign as a military policy analyst. PGP
In 1991, he wrote the popular Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) program, and made it available (together with its source code) through public FTP for download, the first widely available program implementing public-key cryptography. Shortly thereafter, it became available overseas via the Internet, though Zimmermann has said he had no part in its distribution outside the United States. The very first version of PGP included an encryption algorithm, BassOmatic, developed by Zimmermann. Arms Export Control Act investigation
After a report from RSA Security, who were in a licensing dispute with regard to the use of the RSA algorithm in PGP, the United States Customs Service started a criminal investigation of Zimmermann, for allegedly violating the Arms Export Control Act. The United States Government had long regarded cryptographic software as a munition, and thus subject to arms trafficking export controls. At that time, PGP was considered to be impermissible ("high-strength") for export from the United States.The maximum strength allowed for legal export has since been raised and now allows PGP to be exported. The investigation

masks:
Philip R
. Zimmermann
Zimmermann


title: Phil Zimmermann

texts:
 lasted three years, but was finally dropped without filing charges after MIT Press published the source code of PGP. In 1995, Zimmermann published the book PGP Source Code and Internals as a way to bypass limitations on exporting digital code. Zimmermann's introduction says the book contains "all of the C source code to a software package called PGP" and that the unusual publication in book form of the complete source code for a computer program was a direct response to the U.S. government's criminal investigation of Zimmermann for violations of U.S. export restrictions as a result of the international spread of PGP's use. After the government dropped its case without indictment in early 1996, Zimmermann founded PGP Inc. and released an updated version of PGP and some additional related products. That company was acquired by Network Associates (NAI) in December 1997, and Zimmermann stayed on for three years as a Senior Fellow. NAI decided to drop the product line and in 2002, PGP was acquired from NAI by a new company called PGP Corporation.Zimmermann served as a special advisor and consultant to that firm until Symantec acquired PGP Corporation in 2010. <mask> is also a fellow at the Stanford Law School's Center for Internet and Society. He was a principal designer of the cryptographic key agreement protocol (the "association model") for the Wireless USB standard. Silent Circle
Along with Mike Janke and Jon Callas, in 2012 he co-founded Silent Circle, a secure hardware and subscription based software security company. Dark Mail Alliance
In October 2013, <mask>, along with other key employees from Silent Circle, teamed up with Lavabit founder Ladar Levison to create the Dark Mail Alliance. The goal of the organization is to work on a new protocol to replace PGP that will encrypt email

masks: Zimmermann Zimmermann


title: Phil Zimmermann

texts:
 metadata, among other things that PGP is not capable of. Okuna
Zimmermann is also involved in the social network Okuna, formerly Openbook, which aims to be an ethical and privacy-friendly alternative to existing social networks, especially Facebook.He sees today's established social media platforms as a threat to democracy and privacy, because of their profit-oriented revenue models that "are all about exploiting our personal information" and "[deepen] the political divides in our culture", and Okuna as the solution to these problems. Zimmermann's Law
In 2013, an article on "Zimmermann's Law" quoted <mask>mann as saying "The natural flow of technology tends to move in the direction of making surveillance easier", and "the ability of computers to track us doubles every eighteen months", in reference to Moore's law. Awards and other recognition
<mask> has received numerous technical and humanitarian awards for his pioneering work in cryptography:
 In 2018, Zimmermann was inducted into Information Systems Security Association (ISSA) hall of fame by the ISSA International Organization on October 16, 2018. In 2012, Zimmermann was inducted into the Internet Hall of Fame by the Internet Society. In 2008, PC World named Zimmermann one of the "Top 50 Tech Visionaries" of the last 50 years. In 2006, eWeek ranked PGP 9th in the 25 Most Influential and Innovative Products introduced since the invention of the PC in 1981. In 2003, Reason named him a "Hero of Freedom"
 In 2001, Zimmermann was inducted into the CRN Industry Hall of Fame.In 2000, InfoWorld named him one of the "Top 10 Innovators in E-business". In 1999, he received the Louis Brandeis Award from Privacy International. In 1998, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award from Secure Computing Magazine. In 1996, he received the Norbert Wiener

masks:
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Zimmermann


title: Phil Zimmermann

texts:
 Award for Social and Professional Responsibility for promoting the responsible use of technology. In 1996, he received the Thomas S. Szasz Award for Outstanding Contributions to the Cause of Civil Liberties from the Center for Independent Thought. In 1995, he received the Chrysler Design Award for Innovation, and the Pioneer Award from the Electronic Frontier Foundation. In 1995, Newsweek also named Zimmermann one of the "Net 50", the 50 most influential people on the Internet.Simon Singh's The Code Book devotes an entire chapter to Zimmermann and PGP. Publications
The Official PGP User's Guide, MIT Press, 1995
PGP Source Code and Internals, MIT Press, 1995

See also
 Data privacy
 GNU Privacy Guard
 Information privacy
 Information security
 PGPfone
 PGP word list

References

External links

Why I wrote PGP
Conversation With <mask>, Mikael Pawlo, GrepLaw, June 6, 2003. E-mail security hero takes on VoIP, Declan McCullagh, C|net, 15 August 2006. VON Pioneers: <mask> Encrypts VoIP, VON Magazine, Jan 2007. Silent Circle – Global Encrypted Communications Service

1954 births
Living people
American people of German descent
Cypherpunks
Modern cryptographers
American cryptographers
Public-key cryptographers
People from Camden, New Jersey
Florida Atlantic University alumni
Privacy activists
American human rights activists
American technology company

masks:
Phil Zimmermann
Philip Zimmermann


title: Tokitsuumi Masahiro

texts:
<mask> (born November 8, 1973 as <mask>) is a former professional sumo wrestler from Fukue, Nagasaki, Japan. A former amateur sumo champion, he turned professional in 1996. His highest rank was maegashira 3. He became the head coach of Tokitsukaze stable in 2007 following the dismissal of the previous stablemaster. He was asked to retire by the Japan Sumo Association in February 2021 for violating COVID-19 safety protocols. Early life
With influence from his father, <mask> participated in sumo competitions from the age of three, and after a stint with judo in junior high school, he began practicing sumo again in high school and university. He did very well in sumo at Tokyo University of Agriculture, but after graduating, he passed an entrance test to begin working at a printing company and was planning to have a career with them.But, his father, after seeing his continued success in amateur sumo, suggested he try his hand at professional sumo. Soon afterwards, he was recruited by the former ōzeki Yutakayama, a fellow Tokyo University of Agriculture graduate, and joined his Tokitsukaze stable. He made his debut in March 1996 at the age of 22. Career
After joining at the bottom of the third makushita division, Tokitsuumi took just over a year to reach the elite sekitori ranks, making the second highest jūryō division in May 1997. He won the jūryō division championship at his first attempt with a 12-3 record, but then fell flat with a 5-10 mark in the next tournament. In July 1998 he produced a 10-5 score at the rank of jūryō 2 and was promoted to the top makuuchi division for September. Tokitsuumi had a long career in the top makuuchi division.His four special prizes for Technique were evidence of his ability, but he always struggled when promoted above the mid-level maegashira ranks. He never reached a san'yaku rank, his highest rank being maegashira 3. A poor result in 2005 took him down to jūryō but he immediately recovered his position in top division by winning the jūryō championship for the second time in

masks:
Tokitsuumi Masahiro
Masahiro Sakamoto
Tokitsuumi


title: Tokitsuumi Masahiro

texts:
 On that occasion, their names were blotted out of the banzuke with ink.His official retirement ceremony, or danpatsu-shiki, took place at the Ryōgoku Kokugikan on October 5, 2008. In June 2010 he faced censure for his involvement in the gambling scandal rocking the sumo world, after it was revealed that he had illegally bet on baseball while still an active wrestler. On July 4 he was demoted to the lowest toshiyori level on the elder hierarchy, with no opportunity for re-promotion for at least five years. Tokitsukaze has produced the top division wrestlers Tosayutaka, Shōdai and Yutakayama. <mask> was told not to leave his house and prevented from attending the September 2020 tournament after he breached the Sumo Association's COVID-19 guidelines by travelling to another prefecture. In the same month he was unable to take part in the ceremony marking Shōdai's promotion to ōzeki, despite having been given permission to do so, due to an acute illness. He was demoted from iin level to the lowest toshiyori level by the Sumo Association on October 1.During his trip he had engaged in several non-essential activities such as eating out, playing golf and visiting his home town of Gotō, Nagasaki. In January 2021 the Sumo Association said it was again investigating Tokitsuumi for possible COVID-19 safety protocol violations, after he was reported to have visited a mahjong parlor. The Sumo Association formally requested <mask>'s retirement on 22 February, which he accepted. Family
His sons, Hirokazu and Shoma, joined professional sumo in May 2021 after graduating from high school. They were initially scheduled to join Tokitsukaze stable, but following their father's resignation joined Tatsunami stable. Hirokazu and Shoma took the shikona Kiryuko and Shunrai respectively. Career record

See also
Glossary of sumo terms
List of sumo tournament second division champions
List of past sumo wrestlers
List of sumo elders

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Japanese sumo wrestlers
Sumo people from Nagasaki

masks: Tokitsuumi Tokitsuumi


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts: <mask> (; 3 November 1912 – 16 August 2006) was a Paraguayan army officer, politician and statesman who served as President of Paraguay from 15 August 1954 to 3 February 1989. <mask> led a coup d'état on 4 May 1954 with the support of the army and the Colorado Party, with which he was affiliated. After a brief provisional government headed by Tomás Romero Pereira, he was the Colorado Party's presidential candidate for the 1954 general election, and was elected unopposed since all other parties were banned. He officially assumed the presidency on 15 August 1954, quickly suspended constitutional and civil rights, and began a period of harsh repression with the support of the army and the military police (which also served as a secret or political police) against anyone who opposed his authoritarian rule. Even when opposition parties were legalized in 1962, they were barely tolerated, and the repression continued. On 25 August 1967, he introduced a new constitution enabling him to re-elect himself; in 1977 he modified that constitution to permit himself to be re-elected indefinitely. He was fraudulently re-elected seven times from 1958 until 1988; approximately six months after the 1988 general election, he was overthrown in the coup d'état of 2 and 3 February 1989, led by his most trusted confidant, Major General Andrés Rodríguez Pedotti, with the support of the army.On 5 February 1989, just 2 days after the coup, <mask> was exiled to Brazil, where he spent his last 17 years. He died at 11:20 AM on 16 August 2006 at the Santa Luzia Hospital in Brasilia from septic shock due to complications from pneumonia. He was veiled in a strict private ceremony, and finally buried in the Campo

masks:
Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda
Stroessner
Stroessner


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts:
 da Esperança Cemetery. Early life
<mask>'s parents were Hugo Strößner, who emigrated from Hof, Bavaria, Germany, and worked as an accountant for a brewery, and Heriberta Matiauda, who grew up in a wealthy Paraguayan family of Criollo Spanish descent. <mask> was born  in Encarnación on 3 November 1912. He enrolled in the Francisco López Military Academy in 1929, and received his commission as a lieutenant in the Paraguayan Army in 1931. In 1932, he fought against Bolivian forces in the Battle of Boquerón during the Chaco War.After the war he rose steadily in rank; by 1940, he had risen to the rank of major and joined the general staff in 1946. When the Paraguayan Civil War broke out in 1947, he commanded the artillery division at Paraguarí that ensured that President Higinio Morínigo won the war by destroying a working-class rebel area of Asunción. President Morínigo found Stroessner's military skills very useful and promoted him rapidly. As one of the few officers who had remained loyal to Morínigo, Stroessner became a formidable political and social player once he entered the higher echelons of the Paraguayan armed forces. He became a brigadier — and the youngest general officer in South America — in 1948. His accurate political sense failed him only once, when he found himself in 1948 on the wrong side of a failed coup attempt and had to be driven to the Brazilian embassy in the trunk of a car, earning him the nickname of "Colonel Trunk". Stroessner backed Felipe Molas López in a successful coup against Juan Natalicio González.He then backed Federico Chávez against Molas López and by 1951 he was Commander-in-chief of the Armed forces of Paraguay. Dictatorship

masks: Stroessner Stroessner


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts:
 (1954–1989)

<mask> objected to President Federico Chávez's plans to arm the national police and threw him out of office in a coup on 4 May 1954. After a brief interim presidency by Tomás Romero, <mask> was the only candidate in a special election on 11 July to complete Chávez's term. He was reelected seven times—in 1958, 1963, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1983 and 1988. He appeared alone on the ballot in 1958. In his other elections, he won by implausibly high margins; only once (1968) did he drop below 80 percent of the vote. That campaign was also the only time an opposition candidate got more than 20 percent of the vote.He served for 35 years, with only Fidel Castro having a longer tenure among 20th-century Latin American leaders; though Castro's tenure as president was shorter at 32 years (1976–2008). Soon after taking office, <mask> placed the entire country under a state of siege and suspended civil liberties. The state-of-siege provisions allowed the government to arrest and detain anyone indefinitely without trial, as well as forbid public meetings and demonstrations. It was renewed every 90 days until 1987, except for a brief period in 1959. Although it technically only applied to Asunción after 1970, the courts ruled that anyone charged with security offenses could be brought to the capital and charged under the state-of-siege provisions—even if the offense took place outside the capital. Apart from one 24-hour period on election days, <mask> ruled under what amounted to martial law for nearly all of his tenure. A devoted anti-communist who brought Paraguay into the World Anti-Communist League, he justified his repression as a necessary measure to protect the country.Paraguay

masks: Stroessner Stroessner Stroessner Stroessner


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts: enjoyed close military and economic ties with the United States and supported the US invasion of the Dominican Republic. The <mask> regime even offered to send troops to Vietnam alongside the Americans. The United States played a "critical supporting role" in the domestic affairs of Stoessner's Paraguay. Between 1962 and 1975 the US provided $146 million to Paraguay's military government and Paraguayan officers were trained at the US Army School of the Americas. Although the military and security forces under <mask> received less material support from the United States than other South American countries, strong inter-military connections existed through military advisors and military training. Between 1962 and 1966, nearly 400 Paraguayan military personnel were trained by the United States in the Panama Canal Zone and on US soil. Strong Paraguayan-U.S. relations continued until the Carter Administration emphasized a foreign policy that recognized human rights abuses, although both military and economic aid were allotted to the Paraguayan government in Carter's budgets.The Reagan Administration restored more cordial relations due to <mask>'s staunch anti-communism, but by the mid 1980s relations cooled, largely because of the international outcry over the regime's excesses, along with its involvement in narcotics trafficking and money-laundering. In 1986, The Reagan administration added his regime to its list of Latin American dictatorships. As leader of the Colorado Party, <mask> exercised nearly complete control over the nation's political scene. Although opposition parties were nominally permitted after 1962 (the Colorado Party had been the only legal party in the country


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts: since 1947), Paraguay remained for all intents and purposes a one-party state. Elections were so heavily rigged in favor of the Colorados that the opposition had no realistic chance of winning, and opposition figures were subjected to varying degrees of harassment. Furthermore, <mask>'s Paraguay became a haven for Nazi war criminals, including Josef Mengele, and non-communist peaceful opposition was crushed. Given <mask>'s affinity for Nazism and harboring of Nazi war criminals, foreign press often referred to his government as the "poor man's Nazi regime".<mask>'s rule brought more stability than most of the country's living residents had previously known. From 1927 to 1954, the country had had 22 presidents, including six from 1948 to 1954 alone. However, that stability came at a high cost. Corruption was rampant (<mask> himself did not dispute charges of corruption at some levels in his government) and Paraguay's human rights record was considered one of the poorest in South America. During <mask>'s regime, an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 people were murdered, 400 to 500 more "disappeared," and thousands more imprisoned and tortured. Press freedom was also limited, constitutional guarantees notwithstanding. Any outcry about government mistreatment or attacks toward the Colorado Party would result in destruction of the media outlets.Many media executives were sent to prison or tortured. Because of this, political opponents were few and far between. Near the end of this presidency, he declared that he would remove the state of siege, but quickly recanted after students began protesting trolley fares. For the first 13 years of his rule, <mask> ruled under a severely authoritarian

masks: Stroessner Stroessner Stroessner Stroessner Stroessner Stroessner


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts:
 constitution enacted in 1940. It was replaced in 1967 with an equally repressive document. Like its predecessor, it gave the president broad powers to take exceptional actions for the good of the country, such as suspending civil liberties and intervening in the economy. It thus formed the legal basis for the state of virtual martial law under which Stroessner governed.While it limited the president to two five-year terms, it stipulated that only those terms completed after the 1968 election would count toward that limit. In 1977, faced with having to leave office for good the following year, <mask> pushed through a constitutional amendment allowing him to run for an unlimited number of five-year terms. Operation Condor
Paraguay was a leading participant in Operation Condor, a campaign of state terror and security operations officially implemented in 1975 which were jointly conducted by the military dictatorships of six South American countries (Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil) with the support of the United States. Human rights violations characteristic of those in other South American countries such as kidnappings, torture, forced disappearances and extrajudicial killings were routine and systematic during the <mask> regime. Following executions, many of the bodies of those killed by the regime were dumped in the Chaco or the Río Paraguay. The discovery of the "Archives of Terror" in 1992 in the Lambaré suburb of Asunción confirmed allegations of widespread human rights violations. Pastor Coronel was the chief of the Department of Investigations, or secret police.He would interview people in a pileta, a bath of human vomit and excrement, or ram electric


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts: cattle prods up their rectums. In 1975, the Secretary of the Paraguayan Communist Party, , was dismembered alive with a chainsaw while Stroessner listened on the phone. The screams of tortured dissidents would often be recorded and played over the phone to family members, and sometimes the bloody garments of those killed were sent to their homes. Under Stroessner, egregious human rights violations were committed against the Aché Indian population of Paraguay's eastern districts, largely as the result of U.S. and European corporations wanting access to the country's forests, mines and grazing lands. The Aché Indians resided on land that was coveted and had resisted relocation attempts by the Paraguayan army. The government retaliated with massacres and forced many Aché into slavery. In 1974 the UN accused Paraguay of slavery and genocide.Only a few hundred Aché remained alive by the late 1970s. The <mask> regime financed this genocide with U.S. aid. <mask> was careful not to show off or draw attention from jealous generals or foreign journalists. He avoided rallies and took simple holidays in Patagonia. He became more tolerant of opposition as the years passed, but there was no change in the regime's basic character. During <mask>'s rule, no socialist nations had diplomatic relations with Paraguay, with the sole exception of non-aligned Yugoslavia. Stroessner made many state visits, including to Japan, the United States, and France, as well as to South Africa, a country which Paraguay developed close bilateral ties with in the 1970s.He also made several visits to West Germany, although over the years his relations with that country deteriorated. Since he had always been known as

masks: Stroessner Stroessner Stroessner


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts:
 pro-German, this worsening of relations, combined with his feeling that the U.S. had abandoned him, was regarded as a personal blow to Stroessner. It has been asserted that the Roman Catholic Church is the only reason Stroessner did not have absolute control over the country. After the destruction of Asunción University in 1972 by police, the Archbishop of Paraguay Ismael Rolón Silvero excommunicated the minister of the interior and the chief of police, and proscribed the celebration of Holy Mass in a sign of protest against the Stroessner regime. When Pope John Paul II visited Paraguay in 1988, his visit bolstered what was already a robust anti-Stroessner movement within the country. Stroessner gave a written television interview to Alan Whicker as part of a documentary called The Last Dictator (UK: 7 April 1970) for the television series Whicker's World. The programme was released in a Region 2 DVD box-set by the UK's Network imprint.Economics
Stroessner dedicated large proportions of the Paraguayan national budget to the military and police apparatus, both fundamental to the maintenance of the regime. According to a 1963 article from Time magazine, <mask> spent 33% of the 1962 annual budget on army and police, 15% for education, and just 2% for public works. There was no income tax and public spending was the smallest percentage of GDP in Latin America. Stroessner enacted several economic development projects, including the building of the largest hydroelectric power plant in the world in Itaipu Dam, developing Paraguay's economy: although Paraguay received only 15% of the contracts, it was a major factor allowing the country to have the highest rate of growth in Latin


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts:
 America for most of the 1970s. The construction of the Itaipu Dam, as well as the subsequently built Yacyretá Dam on the Paraguay–Argentina Border, displaced thousands of Paraguayans, pushing them from their homes, often without any restitution. The Itaipu Dam displaced at least 80,000 Paraguayans, and the Yacyretá was estimated to have displaced at least that many by December 2008. 160 workers died building the Itaipu Dam.Stroessner also promoted projects that purportedly developed the country's infrastructure. Amongst these were the improvement of highways and the issuing of 15–20 hectare land grants to military personnel upon completion of their service, provided that the land would be used for farming purposes. Over 10,000 soldiers took up this offer. By the end of the Stronato, the second biggest city was Puerto Flor de Lis (renamed "Puerto Presidente Stroessner," then "Ciudad del Este"), founded just 32 years before. Downfall
In April 1987, Stroessner lifted the state of siege as part of the run-up to elections the following spring. However, several draconian security laws remained in effect, meaning that the substance (if not the form) of the state of siege was still in place. As had been the case for over three decades, opposition leaders continued to be arbitrarily arrested and opposition meetings and demonstrations were broken up (often brutally).<mask> was nominated by the Colorados once again, and was the only candidate who was allowed to campaign completely unmolested. Under these circumstances, the February 1988 election was no different from past elections, with <mask> officially registering 89 percent of the vote — a margin that his rivals contended could only


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts:
 have been obtained through massive fraud. On 3 February 1989, only six months after being sworn in for what would have been his eighth full term, <mask> was ousted in a coup d'état led by General Andrés Rodríguez, his closest confidant for over three decades. One reason for the coup was that the generals feared one of <mask>'s offspring would succeed him. Of the two, <mask> (aka 'Freddie'), was a cocaine addict and Gustavo, a pilot, was loathed for being homosexual. A more outlandish rumour was that Lino Oviedo threatened Rodríguez with a grenade if he did not launch the coup. The two generals, Rodríguez and Oviedo, fought a brief artillery duel over Asunción.Later life and death

After the coup, <mask> fled to Brazil, where he lived in exile for the next 17 years. The eastern city of Puerto Flor de Lis, which had been renamed Puerto Presidente Stroessner in his honour, in 1989 was again renamed Ciudad del Este. Asunción's airport had been named after him during his regime, but was later renamed Silvio Pettirossi International Airport. <mask> died on 16 August 2006, in Brasília, at the age of 93. The immediate cause of death was a stroke. He had been suffering from pneumonia after undergoing a hernia operation. The Paraguayan government preemptively dismissed any suggestions for honouring the late president within Paraguay.He tried to return to Paraguay before his death, to die in his homeland, but he was rebuked and threatened with arrest by the government. In part due to Stroessner's abuses, Paraguay's current constitution limits the president to a single five-year term with no possibility of reelection, even if nonsuccessive. The ban on any sort of reelection has become so

masks: Stroessner Stroessner Alfredo Stroessner Stroessner


title: Alfredo Stroessner

texts:
 entrenched in Paraguayan politics that in 2017, when the legislature debated an amendment that would have allowed then-president Horacio Cartes to run for reelection, massive protests forced the Colorados to abandon those plans. Family

Marriage and children
<mask> was married to Eligia Mora (26 December 1910 – 3 February 2006). They had three children: Gustavo, <mask> and Graciela. <mask> <mask>, son of Graciela, was a senator. The couple were forcibly separated after his exile; she fled to the US, while he was given asylum in Brazil.Although they stayed in touch by phone and occasionally met up, they were unable to live together, and neither Stroessner nor his son were able to return to Paraguay to attend her funeral. Extramarital affairs
Stroessner engaged in extramarital affairs before and during his presidency. According to many sources, some of his affairs were with teenage girls as young as 13, and he may have fathered over 30 illegitimate children. The affairs were divulged after his downfall, further tarnishing his image. References

Bibliography

Further reading

CIA: Stroessner's Paraguay

External links

Obituary BBC News
Paraguay's archive of terror
The Presidential Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower Official letter to President <mask> (1959)
Paraguay seeks Stroessner return
ObituaryThe Guardian
<mask>, 93, Old-Style Military Dictator of Paraguay
Obituary The Economist
<mask>, Paraguay's Enduring Dictator, Dies The New York Times
Gen. <mask>, Colorful Dictator of Paraguay for 35 Years, Dies in Exile at 93

1912 births
2006 deaths
People from Encarnación, Paraguay
Paraguayan people of German descent
Paraguayan people of Spanish descent
Leaders ousted by a

masks:
Stroessner
Alfredo
Alfredo Domínguez
Stroessner
Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner
Stroessner
Alfredo Stroessner


title: Robert Chester (poet)

texts:
<mask> (flourished 1601) is the mysterious author of the poem Love's Martyr which was published in 1601 as the main poem in a collection which also included much shorter poems by William Shakespeare, Ben Jonson, George Chapman and John Marston, along with the anonymous "Vatum Chorus" and "Ignoto". Despite attempts to identify <mask> no information has ever emerged to indicate with any certainty who he was. Currently all that is known of <mask> is his name, the long poem he published, and a few unpublished verses. The poem's meaning is deeply obscure. Even the authenticity of the date on the title page has been questioned. It is also not known why Shakespeare and so many other distinguished poets supplemented the publication of such an obscure person with their own works. Identity
The only clue to <mask>'s identity is the fact that his poem was dedicated to Sir John Salusbury of Lleweni Hall, Denbighshire, in Wales.Sir John was a member of the powerful Salusbury family of Wales. It may have been published to celebrate his knighthood in June 1601. However, even this date has been questioned. In 1878 <mask> was identified with a man of that name from Royston, Cambridgeshire, by Alexander Grosart, who produced the first modern edition of the poem. However, in 1913, Carleton Brown argued that <mask> must have been closely associated with Salusbury in Denbighshire. Also, <mask>'s verse suggests that he was a servant of Salusbury's, rather than a social equal as was the <mask> from Royston. Brown discovered a manuscript poem entitled A Winter's Garland, written by <mask>, in the Salisbury family archives.Another poem, welcoming Salusbury home from London, compares <mask>'s own crude "hoarse-throat raven's song" to the "court beautifying poets" he

masks:
Robert Chester
Chester
Chester
Chester
Chester
Chester
Chester
Robert Chester
Chester
Chester


title: Robert Chester (poet)

texts:
 would have heard in London. Brown concluded that <mask> was a local employee of Salusbury's who probably worked in his household. In 2009, Boris Borukhov, comparing the signatures of the poet and the <mask> from Royston, demonstrated that they were two different people. <mask>'s description of himself as a "British" poet, rather than "English" one, his particular interest in Geoffrey of Monmouth's account of King Arthur, as well as his links to Salusbury, strongly suggest that he was Welsh. However, no documentation beyond this has been found to identify <mask>. E. A. J. Honigmann argues that <mask> was probably Salusbury's local chaplain or secretary, and that he and his patron shared a taste for "mystical verse" which contained obscure acrostic puzzles. Salusbury himself was a poet.A previous collection of verse, Sinetes Passions (1597) by <mask> had included a supplement containing acrostic verse, possibly written by Salusbury. The poem

Title
The full title of <mask>'s book explains the content:

Love's Martyr: or Rosalins Complaint. Allegorically shadowing the truth of Loue, in the constant Fate of the Phoenix and Turtle. A Poeme enterlaced with much varietie and raritie; now first translated out of the venerable Italian Torquato Caeliano, by <mask>. With the true legend of famous King Arthur the last of the nine Worthies, being the first Essay of a new Brytish Poet: collected out of diuerse Authenticall Records. To these are added some new compositions of seuerall moderne Writers whose names are subscribed to their seuerall workes, vpon the first subiect viz. the Phoenix and Turtle.The Italian poet "Torquato Caeliano" is as mysterious as <mask> himself. No original Italian work from which the poem is supposed to have been translated

masks:
Chester
Robert Chester
Chester
Chester
Chester
Robert Parry
Chester
Robert Chester
Robert Chester


title: Robert Chester (poet)

texts:
 has ever been identified, nor is Caeliano a known Italian poet. It has been argued that <mask> made up Caeliano to conceal the personal significance of the poem's allegory. The name is probably a combination of the names of the real poets Torquato Tasso and Livio Celiano. Another mystery is the alternative title "Rosalins Complaint", since there is no reference to anyone called "Rosalin" in the poem. The name may be derived from Edmund Spenser's The Shepherd's Calendar. Possibly this too had a private meaning that would have been understood by <mask> and his circle.The "turtle" in the title is the turtledove, not the shelled reptile. Publication
The poem was published by Edward Blount and printed by Richard Field. It was not entered in the Stationers' Register. Only three copies of the original edition are known to have survived, though two are partial texts. Another copy appears to be from the same edition but has a different title page. This announces the poem as "The Anuals of the great Brittaine", going on to describe it as an "excellent Monument wherein may be seene all the antiquities of this Kingdom to the satisfaction of both Universities, or any other place stirred with Emulation of long continuance. Excellently figured out in a worthy poem".This page is dated 1611, and said to be published by Matthew Lownes. Content

<mask> prefaced his poem with a short dedication addressed to the Phoenix and Turtledove, traditional emblems of perfection and devoted love, respectively:

Phoenix of beautie, beauteous, Bird of any
To thee I do entitle all my labour,
More precious in mine eye by far then many
That feedst all earthly sences with thy savour:
Accept my home-writ praises of thy loue,
And kind acceptance of thy Turtle-doue

The poem is a

masks: Chester Chester Chester


title: Robert Chester (poet)

texts:
 been written by the Turtledove to the Phoenix, implying a long and complex relationship. They are followed by other separate love poems idealising spiritual devotion to the Phoenix. It is not clear whether these poems are written by <mask>, who signed his name to the end of the narrative section. William Empson stated that they displayed the "very recognisable facility and ingenuity" of Sir John Salusbury's poetry, published in Parry's 1597 book.After these are the poems by Shakespeare and the others, which comment on the symbolism. In addition to the named poets, there are poems attributed to "Vatum Chorus" (chorus of poets) and "Ignoto" (anonymous). The poems are introduced by Vatum Chorus and Ignoto, followed by Shakespeare's The Phoenix and the Turtle'', which states that the birds died "leaving no posterity" due to their "married chastity". John Marston then seems to reply to Shakespeare's "moving epicedium", by referring to the couple's "glorious issue": the new Phoenix born from the flames. Chapman adds more detail on the relationship, saying that the Phoenix provided every variety of life to the Turtle, "She was to him the Analysed World of pleasure, / Her firmness cloth'd him in variety". Jonson ends with an idealisation of the Phoenix, whose judgement shines as "Clear as a naked Vestal, / Closed in an orb of Crystal." Interpretations

There have been many attempts to interpret the symbolism of the poem, though the most common one is that the Phoenix represents Queen Elizabeth I, who used the Phoenix as her symbol.The "isle of Paphos" is thus her realm of England, the history of which is given in such detail. The Turtledove has been said to be the dedicatee of the poem, Sir John Salusbury. Critics Katherine Duncan-Jones and Henry


title: Danny Thomas

texts:
<mask> (born Amos Muzyad Yaqoob Kairouz; January 6, 1912 – February 6, 1991) was an American actor, singer, nightclub comedian, producer,  and philanthropist whose career spanned five decades. He created and starred in one of the most successful and long-running situation comedies in the history of American network television, the <mask> Show. In addition to guest roles on many of the comedy, talk, and musical variety programs of his time, his legacy includes a lifelong dedication to fundraising for charity. Most notably, he was the founder of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, a leading center in pediatric medicine with a focus on pediatric cancer. St. Jude's now has affiliate hospitals in eight other American cities as of early 2020. Already a successful entertainer, <mask> began his film career in 1947, playing opposite child actress Margaret O'Brien in The Unfinished Dance (1947) and Big City (1948). He then starred in the long-running television sitcom Make Room for Daddy (later, The <mask> Show from the fourth season onwards) from 1953 to 1964, in which he played the lead role of <mask>.He was the father of Marlo <mask>, Terre <mask>, and <mask>. Early life

One of 10 children, <mask> was born as Amos Muzyad Yaqoob Kairouz on January 6, 1912, in Deerfield, Michigan, to Charles Yaqoob Kairouz and his wife Margaret Taouk. His parents were Maronite Catholic immigrants from Bsharri, Lebanon. <mask> was raised in Toledo, Ohio, attending St. Francis de Sales Church, Woodward High School, and finally the University of Toledo, where he was a member of Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Bishop Samuel Stritch of Toledo confirmed

masks:
Danny Thomas
Danny Thomas
Thomas
Danny Thomas
Danny Williams
Thomas
Thomas
Tony Thomas
Danny Thomas
Thomas


title: Danny Thomas

texts:
 <mask> in the Catholic Church. Stritch, a native of Tennessee, was a lifelong spiritual advisor for <mask>, and would later advise him to locate the St. Jude Hospital in Memphis. He married Rose Marie Cassaniti in 1936, a week after his 24th birthday.In 1932, <mask> began performing on radio in Detroit at WMBC on The Happy Hour Club. <mask> first performed under his anglicized birth name, "Amos Jacobs Kairouz." After he moved to Chicago in 1940, <mask> did not want his friends and family to know he went back into working clubs where the salary was better, so he came up with the pseudonym "<mask>" (after two of his brothers). He was living in Ward 6, Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio, according to the 1920 United States Census as Amos Jacobs, the same in the 1930 Census, and in 1940 living in Ward 2, Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, as Amos J. Jacobs, a radio and theatrical artist. Further, the 1930 Census states his parents were born in Syria; while the 1920 census states that they were born in "Seria," and that their mother tongue is "Serian." At the time, Lebanon was part of the Ottoman Empire (until 1920) and Lebanese immigrants were identified as Syrians in most of the world, and as Turks in Latin America. Careers other than television

Radio
Thomas first reached mass audiences on network radio in the 1940s playing shifty brother-in-law Amos in The Bickersons, which began as sketches on the music-comedy show Drene Time, starring Don Ameche and Frances Langford.<mask> also portrayed himself as a scatterbrained Lothario on this show. His other network radio work included a stint as Jerry Dingle the postman on Fanny Brice's The Baby Snooks Show. In the

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Thomas


title: Danny Thomas

texts:
 early 1950s he made several appearances on the popular NBC variety program, The Big Show, hosted by stage legend Tallulah Bankhead. <mask> also had his own radio program, The <mask> Show. The 30-minute weekly variety show was on ABC from 1942 to 1943 and on CBS from 1947 to 1948. Films
After his two late 1940s films with Margaret O'Brien, <mask> appeared with Betty Grable in the musical Call Me Mister (1951). He then starred in The Jazz Singer opposite the popular contemporary vocalist Peggy Lee, a 1952 remake of the 1927 original.He portrayed songwriter Gus Kahn opposite Doris Day in the 1951 film biography I'll See You in My Dreams. Music
In 1952, <mask> recorded several Arabic folk songs with Toufic Barham for a Saint Jude Hospital Foundation fundraiser record. The songs later appeared on the re-issue album The Music of Arab-Americans: A Retrospective Collection. From 1952 through 1974, <mask> also recorded a number of vocal albums on his own, as well as participating on other albums. Television career

Make Room for Daddy (The <mask> Show)
<mask> enjoyed a successful 11-year run (1953–1964) on Make Room for Daddy, later known as The Danny <mask> Show. Jean Hagen, Sherry Jackson, and Rusty Hamer were his first family. The Hagen character died offscreen in 1956 and was replaced by Marjorie Lord; Angela Cartwright also joined the cast at this time playing <mask>'s stepdaughter.Sherry Jackson left the series in 1958, and Penny Parker replaced her in the 1959–1960 season. Parker was written out of the series with her marriage to the character Patrick Hannigan, played by comedian Pat Harrington, Jr.

On January 1, 1959, <mask> appeared with his other

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Danny Thomas
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title: Danny Thomas

texts: Make Room for Daddy child stars, Angela Cartwright and Rusty Hamer, in an episode of NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford. The show was produced at Desilu Studios, where Lucille Ball was appearing alongside Desi Arnaz in I Love Lucy, and it featured several guest stars who went on to star in their own shows, including Andy Griffith (The Andy Griffith Show, Mayberry RFD), Joey Bishop, and Bill Bixby (My Favorite Martian and others). He also scored a major success at the London Palladium, in the years when many big American stars appeared there. In 1970, the program was revived for a season under the title Make Room for Granddaddy. Angela Cartwright (who spoke about her on- and off-camera relationship with her television stepfather, <mask>, on a groundbreaking ABC TV show, Make Room for Daddy) had said: "I thought <mask> was hilarious and he was always cracking me up. He was loud and gregarious, nothing like my real dad who is far more reserved than that.So, it was fun to be able to make smart remarks and get away with it. I would never have talked to my real parents that way, but in the make-believe world of the Williams family I got away with that." Cartwright also added that by the time <mask>'s show had ended, she wanted to join the cast of The Sound of Music: "I went on an interview for the part of Brigitta. I was still filming The <mask> Show, but I knew the series was coming to an end. After several auditions, I was the first von Trapp cast. I asked <mask> if he would let me out of my contract so I could be in the movie and he was very gracious to let me out of the last show of the season. He didn't have to do that and I am very

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Danny
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Danny Thomas


title: Danny Thomas

texts:
 grateful he did."The Wonderful World of Burlesque
In 1965 and 1966, <mask> presented The Wonderful World of Burlesque, featuring Lucille Ball, Jerry Lewis, Don Adams, Carol Channing, Andy Griffith, Sheldon Leonard, and Shirley Jones. The Danny Thomas Hour
The Danny Thomas Hour is an American anthology television series that was broadcast on NBC during the 1967–1968 television season. Producer
<mask> became a successful television producer (with Sheldon Leonard and Aaron Spelling among his partners) of The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Andy Griffith Show, That Girl and The Mod Squad. <mask> also produced three series for Walter Brennan: The Real McCoys, The Tycoon, and The Guns of Will Sonnett on ABC during the late 1950s and 1960s. <mask> often appeared in cameos on shows he produced, including his portrayal of the tuxedoed, droll alien Kolak, from the planet Twilo, in the Dick Van Dyke Show science-fiction spoof, "It May Look Like a Walnut". <mask> was responsible for Mary Tyler Moore's first "big break" in acting. In 1961, Carl Reiner cast her in The Dick Van Dyke Show after <mask> personally recommended Moore.He had remembered her as "the girl with three names" whom he had turned down earlier, but rediscovered her after a lengthy search through photos and records. Return to television
In the early 1970s, <mask> reunited most of his second Daddy cast (Marjorie Lord, Rusty Hamer, and Angela Cartwright) for a short-lived update of the show, Make Room for Granddaddy. Premised around <mask> and Kathy Williams caring for their grandson by daughter Terry, who was away with her husband who was serving in the Military, and stationed in Japan, the show lasted

masks: Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Danny


title: Danny Thomas

texts:
 one season. By the mid-1970s, <mask>'s son Tony had become an accomplished television producer. Tony, along with Paul Junger Witt, formed Witt/Thomas Productions in 1975, and was responsible for his father's next three (and ultimately final) starring vehicles. <mask> returned to series TV in the NBC sitcom, The Practice, from January 1976 to January 1977, and after that I'm a Big Girl Now, which aired on ABC from 1980 to 1981. <mask> was guest of honor in The Dean Martin Celebrity Roast that aired December 15, 1976, on NBC.He guest-starred in "In Full Command," the March 18, 1978, series finale of the long-running detective drama Kojak, as a corrupt superior officer in the police department, in an episode directed by series star Telly Savalas. He also appeared in the 1988 TV movie Side by Side, opposite Milton Berle and Sid Caesar. The last series in which <mask> was a headlining star was One Big Family, which aired in syndication during the 1986–1987 season. The situation comedy's premise was set around a semi-retired comedian whose grandchildren were orphaned after their parents were killed in a car accident. Commercials
<mask>, like many actors prominent in television, endorsed commercial products. In particular, two companies that featured him in their advertising were Maxwell House, whose instant coffee he endorsed (though it had no decaffeinated variant at the time, he later claimed he had been endorsing a "decaffeinated" instant coffee and the coffee he actually drank had a high caffeine content), and Philips Norelco's "Dial-A-Brew" version of its short-lived "Better Cup Of Coffee" line of electric drip coffee-makers. One of his other

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title: Danny Thomas

texts:
 "commercials" was actually a public-service message, with fund-raising goals, for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.Philanthropy
As a "starving actor", <mask> had made a vow: If he found success, he would open a shrine dedicated to St. Jude Thaddeus, the patron saint of hopeless causes. After becoming a successful actor in the early 1950s, his wife joined him and began traveling the United States to help raise funds to build St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. He fervently believed "no child should die in the dawn of life." With help from Dr. Lemuel Diggs and close friend Anthony Abraham, an auto magnate in Miami, Florida, <mask> founded the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1962. Since its inception, St. Jude has treated children from all 50 states and around the world, continuing the mission of finding cures and saving children. Dr. Peter C. Doherty of St. Jude's Immunology Department, was a co-recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1996 for key discoveries on how the immune system works to kill virus-infected cells. St. Jude's has grown to include eight affiliate hospitals across the United States.It is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization with annual expenses, as of 2018, of over $1.4 billion funded by nearly $1.5 billion in donations. Further, the World Health Organization has named St. Jude's as its first "Collaborating Center for Childhood Cancer" to help increase survival rates on rare pediatric cancer from 20% to as much as 60% by 2030. Personal life

<mask> was a struggling young comic when he met Rose Marie Mantell (born Rose Marie Cassaniti) (1914–2000), who had a singing career with

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title: Danny Thomas

texts: her own radio show in Detroit, Michigan, and was the daughter of Marie "Mary" Cassaniti (1896–1972), a drummer and percussionist for "Marie's Merry Music Makers". They were married on January 15, 1936, and had three children, Margaret Julia ("Marlo"), Theresa ("Terre"), and Charles Anthony ("Tony") <mask>. The <mask> children followed their parents into entertainment in various capacities—Marlo as an actress and producer, Tony as a television producer, and Terre as an accomplished singer-songwriter. <mask>'s brother, <mask>, using the name Tom Jacobs, appeared on Make Room For Daddy and The Andy Griffith Show. <mask> was initiated to the Freemasonry in Prudence Lodge No.958, Chicago, passed, and raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason at Gothic Lodge #270 F&AM located at Hamilton Square, New Jersey, on March 15, 1984, by special dispensation of the New Jersey Grand Master. During May 1985, he was made a 32° Mason and also a Noble in Al Malaikah Shrine located at Los Angeles, California. <mask> also filmed the introduction to the Masonic Service Association's movie, When the Band Stops Playing. A devout Roman Catholic, <mask> was named a Knight Commander of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre by Pope Paul VI in recognition of his services to the church and the community. He was a member of the Good Shepherd Parish and the Catholic Motion Picture Guild in Beverly Hills, California. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan presented <mask> with a Congressional Gold Medal honoring him for his work with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. <mask> was one of the original owners of the Miami Dolphins, along with Joe Robbie, but he sold his share soon after the

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title: Danny Thomas

texts:
 purchase.<mask> attempted to get back into football with his purchase of the Shreveport Steamer, planning to move the team to Cleveland, but withdrew the bid when the World Football League folded. He was an avid golfer, claimed a ten golf handicap, and competed with Sam Snead in a charity event. Two PGA Tour tournaments bore his name: the Danny Thomas-Diplomat Classic in south Florida in 1969 and, along with co-founder Vernon Bell, the Danny Thomas Memphis Classic from 1970 to 1984. He was also the first non-Jewish member of the Hillcrest Country Club in Los Angeles. In 1990, <mask> was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. Death

In 1991, <mask> died after a heart attack at his home in Beverly Hills, a hospital spokesman said. Two days previously he had celebrated St. Jude Hospital's 29th anniversary and filmed a commercial, which aired posthumously.He is interred in a mausoleum on the grounds of the St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, alongside his wife. Awards and honors
A park in Toledo, Ohio, bears <mask>'s name and a monument. A stretch of roadway in Memphis is locally known as <mask> Boulevard. The road, built in the 1960s to partially reroute U.S. Highway 51 around downtown, runs from E.H. Crump Boulevard (U.S. 70/79/64) to North Parkway/A.W. Willis Avenue (Tennessee State Route 1), passing through St. Jude Children's Research Hospital's campus on a viaduct. For <mask>'s contribution to the television industry, in February 1960 he was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame located at 6901 Hollywood Boulevard. <mask> was a posthumous recipient of the 2004 Bob Hope Humanitarian Award.On February 16,

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title: Danny Thomas

texts:
 2012, the United States Postal Service issued a first-class forever stamp honoring <mask> as an entertainer and humanitarian. The Danny Thomas Forever Stamp shows an oil-on-panel painting depicting a smiling, tuxedo-clad <mask> in the foreground and St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in the background. Filmography

References

External links

Biography at the Museum Broadcast Communications
"<mask> Story" at St. Jude
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
<mask> receives the Congressional Gold Medal from President Ronald Reagan
 Portrait of comedian <mask>, 1963 in Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles. 1912 births
1991 deaths
Male actors from Toledo, Ohio
Arab-American culture in Ohio
American male comedians
20th-century American comedians
American male film actors
Philanthropists from New York (state)
American male television actors
Television producers from New York (state)
American male radio actors
American people of Lebanese descent
Burials in Tennessee
Congressional Gold Medal recipients
Deaths from pneumothorax
Outstanding Performance by a Lead Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Award winners
Male actors from Detroit
People from Lenawee County, Michigan
Male actors from Rochester, New York
RCA Victor artists
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American businesspeople
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
American Freemasons
Roman Catholic Freemasons
Nightclub performers
Musicians from Rochester, New York
Catholics from Michigan
University of Toledo alumni
Television

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Danny Thomas


title: Jason Dent

texts:
<mask> (born June 12, 1980) is an American mixed martial artist. The Lightweight competitor has held several regional championships, most recently he won the International Fighting and Boxing League (IFBL) Welterweight Championship. He runs the GriffonRawl MMA Academy in Mentor, Ohio, and previously hosted an MMA oriented radio talk show on WWGK Radio (AM 1540 KNR2) in Cleveland. and was a competitor on SpikeTV's The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom. Mixed martial arts career

Dent's training in Martial arts began at age 13 with karate. Just before earning his black belt he moved onto muay thai and Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Dent made his professional MMA debut at Extreme Combat Challenge's Assault event on May 31, 2003, where he defeated Tim Newland with a triangle choke.He won his first professional championship a few months later at Next Level Fighting's first event on September 13, 2003. Once again, using a triangle choke, <mask> defeated Nick Spencer for the NLF Lightweight Championship. He fought in a number of other local events and was eventually offered a chance to fight in a UFC match. In his UFC debut at UFC 63, <mask> lost by unanimous decision to Roger Huerta. He was given second chance with a match against Gleison Tibau at UFC 68 which he lost by unanimous decision. Having lost both matches, <mask> was cut from the UFC roster.

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Jason William Dent
Dent
Dent
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title: Jason Dent

texts: <mask> went back to the local MMA circuit and won five of his next six fights winning three championships along the way.He tried out for The Ultimate Fighter: United States vs. United Kingdom and was accepted. In the preliminary elimination round, he defeated Robert Browning, securing himself a spot in The Ultimate Fighter house. In episode eight, Dent defeated Team UK lightweight Jeff Lawson by Anaconda Choke in the second round, earning him a spot in the semi-finals. Dent lost by decision in the semifinals to Ross Pearson. Dent won his post TUF fight against Cameron Dollar by submission in the first round due to an anaconda choke. The fight was at the TUF 9 Finale and Dent was awarded the Submission of the Night bonus for the choke. Dent faced George Sotiropoulos on November 21, 2009 at UFC 106.<mask> fought George on the Prelim card, the fight started off with an exchange where both fighters were engaging but after some time Sotiropoulos took down <mask> and controlled him on the ground for the duration of round 1. At the start of round 2, <mask> once again got taken down while Sotiropoulos was working for a kimura, but was unable to lock it in. While still holding <mask>'s arm he instead went for an armbar which finished the fight in the 2nd round. <mask> was released from the UFC for the second time after his loss at UFC 106. With his latest stint

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title: Jason Dent

texts:
 in the UFC now behind him, <mask> took a fight with NAAFS Middleweight Champion Chris Lozano at a catchweight of 170 pounds for the NAAFS Superfight Title. Despite suffering a broken arm sustained from blocking a kick in the 1st round, <mask> traded shots with Lozano for four full rounds before the fight was ended. He returned to defend his NAAFS Lightweight belt against the Interim Champion, Bellator Featherweight Tournament finalist Daniel Mason-Straus more than a year later.While <mask> again traded shots with his opponent throughout, he lost a decision on all three judges' scorecards. <mask> is scheduled to fight Chris Horodecki in Horodecki's hometown of London, Ontario on October 26, 2013 on the Provincial Fighting Championship card. Based on research by an MMA writer] Dent owns the record for most career submissions in MMA for a UFC veteran from Ohio. |-
| Win
| align=center| 14–6
| Kolo Koka
| Submission (armbar)
| Icon Sport: Mayhem vs Lawler
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 1:07
| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
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|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–6
| Luke Spencer
| Submission (triangle choke)
| NAAFS: Fight Night in the Flats 2
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| align=center| 3
| align=center| 0:43
| Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–6
| Joe Voisin
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| KOTC: Drop Zone
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:50
|

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title: I. A. Richards

texts:
<mask> CH (26 February 1893 – 7 September 1979), known as I. A<mask>, was an English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician. His work contributed to the foundations of the New Criticism, a formalist movement in literary theory which emphasized the close reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to discover how a work of literature functions as a self-contained and self-referential æsthetic object. <mask>' intellectual contributions to the establishment of the literary methodology of the New Criticism are presented in the books The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism (1923), by C. K. Ogden and I. A<mask>, Principles of Literary Criticism (1924), Practical Criticism (1929), and The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1936). Biography

<mask> was born in Sandbach. He was educated at Clifton College and Magdalene College, Cambridge, where his intellectual talents were developed by the scholar Charles Hicksonn 'Cabby' Spence.He began his career without formal training in literature; he studied philosophy (the "moral sciences") at Cambridge University, from which derived his assertions that, in the 20th century, literary study cannot and should not be undertaken as a specialisation, in and of itself, but studied alongside a cognate field, such as philosophy, psychology or rhetoric. His early teaching appointments were as adjunct faculty: at Cambridge University, Magdalene College would not pay a salary for <mask> to teach the new, and untested, academic field of English literature. Instead, like an old-style instructor, he collected

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Ivor Armstrong Richards
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title: I. A. Richards

texts:
 weekly tuition directly from the students, as they entered the classroom. In 1926, <mask> married Dorothy Pilley whom he had met on a mountain climbing holiday in Wales. In the 1929–30 biennium, as a visiting professor, <mask> taught Basic English and Poetry at Tsinghua University, Beijing. In the 1936–38 triennium, <mask> was the director of the Orthological Institute of China. He died in Cambridge.Contributions

Collaborations with C. K. Ogden

The life and intellectual influence of I. A<mask> approximately corresponds to his intellectual interests; many endeavours were in collaboration with the linguist, philosopher, and writer Charles Kay Ogden (C. K. Ogden), notably in four books:

I. Foundations of Aesthetics (1922) presents the principles of aesthetic reception, the bases of the literary theory of “harmony”;  aesthetic understanding derives from the balance of competing psychological impulses. The structure of the Foundations of Aesthetics—a survey of the competing definitions of the term æsthetic—prefigures the multiple-definitions work in the books Basic Rules of Reason (1933), Mencius on the Mind: Experiments in Multiple Definition (1932), and  Coleridge on Imagination (1934)

II. The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism (1923) presents the triadic theory of semiotics that depends upon psychological theory, and so anticipates the importance of psychology in the exercise of literary criticism. Semioticians, such as Umberto Eco, acknowledged that the methodology of the triadic theory of semiotics improved upon the methodology of

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title: I. A. Richards

texts:
 the dyadic theory of semiotics presented by Ferdinand de Saussure (1857–1913). III.Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar (1930) describes a simplified English based upon a vocabulary of 850 words,

IV. The Times of India Guide to Basic English (1938) sought to develop Basic English as an international auxiliary language, an interlanguage. <mask>' travels, especially in China, effectively situated him as the advocate for an international program, such as Basic English. Moreover, at Harvard University, to his international pedagogy, the instructor I. A<mask> began to integrate the available new media for mass communications, especially television. Aesthetics and literary criticism

Theory

<mask> elaborated an approach to literary criticism in The Principles of Literary Criticism (1924) and Practical Criticism (1929) which embodied aspects of the scientific approach from his study of psychology, particularly that of Charles Scott Sherrington. In The Principles of Literary Criticism, <mask> discusses the subjects of form, value, rhythm, coenesthesia (an awareness of inhabiting one's body, caused by stimuli from various organs), literary infectiousness, allusiveness, divergent readings, and belief.He starts from the premise that "A book is a machine to think with, but it need not, therefore, usurp the functions either of the bellows or the locomotive." Practical Criticism (1929), is an empirical study of inferior response to a literary text. As an instructor in English literature  at Cambridge University, <mask> tested the critical-thinking abilities of his pupils; he removed

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title: I. A. Richards

texts: authorial and contextual information from thirteen poems and asked undergraduates to write interpretations, in order to ascertain the likely impediments to an adequate response to a literary text. That experiment in pedagogical approach – critical reading without contexts – demonstrated the variety and the depth of the possible textual misreadings that might be committed, by university student and layman alike. The critical method derived from that pedagogical approach did not propose a new hermeneutics, a new methodology of interpretation, but questioned the purposes and efficacy of the critical process of literary interpretation, by analysing the self-reported critical interpretations of university students. To that end, effective critical work required a closer aesthetic interpretation of the literary text as an object. To substantiate interpretive criticism, <mask> provided theories of metaphor, value, and tone, of stock response, incipient action, and pseudo-statement; and of ambiguity.This last subject, the theory of ambiguity, was developed in Seven Types of Ambiguity (1930), by William Empson, a former student of <mask>'; moreover, additional to The Principles of Literary Criticism and Practical Criticism, Empson's book on ambiguity became the third foundational document for the methodology of the New Criticism. To <mask>, literary criticism was impressionistic, too abstract to be readily grasped and understood, by most readers; and he proposed that literary criticism could be precise in communicating meanings, by way of denotation and connotation. To establish critical precision, <mask>

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title: I. A. Richards

texts:
 examined the psychological processes of writing and of the reading of poetry. That in reading poetry and making sense of it "in the degree in which we can order ourselves, we need nothing more"; the reader need not believe the poetry, because the literary importance of poetry is in provoking emotions in the reader. New rhetoric
As a rhetorician, <mask> said that the old form of studying rhetoric (the art of discourse) was too concerned with the mechanics of formulating arguments and with conflict; instead, he proposed the New Rhetoric to study of the meaning of the parts of discourse, as "a study of misunderstanding and its remedies" to determine how language works. That ambiguity is expected, and that meanings (denotation and connotation) are not inherent to words, but are inherent to the perception of the reader, the listener, and the viewer. By their usages, compiled from experience, people decide and determine meaning by "how words are used in a sentence", in spoken and written language.The semantic triangle

<mask> and Ogden created the semantic triangle to deliver improved understanding to how words come to mean. The semantic triangle has three parts, the symbol or word, the referent, and the thought or reference. In the bottom, right corner is the Referent, the thing, in reality. Placed at the left corner is the symbol or word. At the top point, the convergence of the literal word and the object in reality; it is our intangible idea about the object. Ultimately, the English meaning of the words is determined by an individual's unique experience. Feedforward

When the Saturday Review asked

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