title: Andy Lee (South Korean singer)

texts:
 launched a new seven-member boy band 100% which debuted with the hit single "Bad Guy". 2013: Gambling conviction and hiatus
In November 2013, <mask> was indicted with illegally gambling on soccer matches, resulting in a fine of 5 million KRW. Shinhwa apologized on-air for <mask>'s crime in December 2013 and <mask> withdrew from all individual and group activities. As part of the hiatus, <mask>'s previously filmed appearances on broadcast shows such as "Shinhwa Broadcast" were edited out. In February 2014, television station Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation (MBC) announced <mask> would be banned from broadcasting on the network. In October 2014, <mask> was announced to be returning with his group mates in a Chinese concert that was broadcast on Seoul Broadcasting System (SBS) Inkigayo in January 2015.Soon after Shinhwa announced its February 2015 comeback with a full-length album, MBC announced it is lifting the ban on <mask>. Personal life
On January 19, 2022, <mask> wrote a letter announcing his marriage, posting it on his personal SNS. <mask>'s fiancée is announcer <mask>-joo of Jeju MBC, who is 9 years younger than him. Discography

Studio albums

Singles

DVD

Filmography

Film

Television series

Variety shows

MC

Musical

Awards

Notes
 A  The Gaon Music Chart began releasing data in 2010 after the Music Industry Association of Korea stopped compiling data in 2008. Online sources for charts after September 2008 and before January 2010 are currently unavailable. References

External links

1981 births
Living people
Shinhwa members
South Korean male television actors
South Korean male musical theatre actors
South Korean male idols
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rappers from Seoul
South Korean male rappers
South Korean pop singers
Actors from

masks:
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Lee
Andy
Andy
Lee Eun


title: Joe J. Plumeri

type: original

texts:
<mask><mask> (born July 7, 1943) is  vice chairman of the First Data Board of Directors. He was the chairman and CEO of Willis Group Holdings (Willis), a New York Stock Exchange-listed insurance broker, until July 2013. The company has 17,000 employees in 400 offices, located in 120 countries. As of June 2010, Willis had the third-highest insurance brokerage revenues in the world. <mask> worked for Citigroup from 1968 to 2000. During that time he held the roles of President and Managing Partner of Shearson Lehman Brothers, President of Smith Barney, Vice Chairman of Travelers, Chairman and CEO of Primerica, and CEO of Citibank, North America. He was appointed Chairman and CEO of Willis in 2000.<mask> is also the co-owner of the Trenton Thunder. The team plays in Samuel J. <mask>, Sr., Field, named after his father. In addition, he funded the construction of Plumeri Park, the stadium of the William & Mary Tribe baseball team. A philanthropist, he has made multimillion-dollar gifts to The College of William & Mary and the Make-a-Wish Foundation. Early life
<mask> is the son of Samuel J<mask>, Sr. (a Trenton city commissioner and local businessman, who died in 1998) and <mask> (who died in 2012). His grandparents immigrated to the United States from Villalba, Sicily. He was raised in North Trenton, New Jersey, in a working-class family.Speaking of his father, he said:  "He never quit, and he always saw the good in everything. He was a dreamer, and because of my father ... I have an affection for people who are passionate." Plumeri attended Trenton Catholic High School and Bordentown Military

masks:
Joseph J
. Plumeri II
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
. Plumeri
Josephine Plumeri


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 Institute (1962). He then studied at The College of William & Mary, graduating in 1966 with a B.A. in History and Education. While an undergraduate, he played on the William & Mary Tribe football team (on scholarship as a halfback for Lou Holtz) and baseball team (as a second baseman and outfielder).He was also a member of Pi Kappa Alpha. Upon graduation, he first taught History for two years at Langhorne's Neshaminy High School in Bucks County, in Pennsylvania. There, he also coached football and two other sports. In 1968, he was in the Army Reserve for six months at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. After he was released, he enrolled in New York Law School in 1968, but did not finish before leaving although he was given an Honorary Doctorate of Law from the school in 2015.

Business career
<mask> worked at Citigroup Inc. and its predecessors companies from 1968 until 2000, when he was appointed as Chairman and CEO of Willis. Carter, Berlind & Weill/Shearson Lehman Brothers (1968–93)
While in law school, one afternoon in 1968 he decided to look for part-time employment, and began knocking on doors in the Wall Street area. Entering 55 Broad Street, he looked at the lobby directory and noticed the name Carter, Berlind & Weill.Assuming (incorrectly) that if a firm had three names or more than it must be a law firm, he applied for a job. He decided to take a position with the firm even after he discovered it was not a law firm but a brokerage house. The man he interviewed with was Sandy Weill, a founding partner of Carter, Berlind & Weill who later served as CEO of Citigroup, Inc.  Weill hired


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 the 24-year-old <mask> as a part-time clerk, arranged for a closet to be converted into a tiny office, and mentored him. The two were co-workers for many years, with <mask> as one of Weill's top lieutenants. <mask> said:  "Sandy has been my role model. He's the shrewdest, smartest businessman I've ever seen, and he's also the sweetest." Soon after starting to work at the brokerage firm, <mask> dropped out of law school.The small brokerage ultimately became Shearson, and Weill sold it to American Express in 1981 for stock valued at $930 million  ($ today). By 1985, <mask> was a Senior Executive Vice President and director of national sales and marketing. <mask> became the president & managing partner of Shearson Lehman Brothers in 1990. Smith Barney (1993–94)
In 1993, Weill bought Shearson back from American Express. He paid $1 billion  ($ today), and merged it into its fellow stockbroker Smith Barney. Weill then offered <mask> the presidency of Smith Barney. "That was the most satisfying moment of my life", recalled Plumeri."I cried—as usual—and I remember that Sandy shed a tear, too." That year <mask> became the President of the merged company, and managed the merger. Weill abruptly dismissed <mask> in August 1994. Plumeri noted: "I was so intent on getting the job done, that I eliminated the input of other people. If I'd done better at nurturing relationships, who knows how it would have turned out?" Weill made <mask> a Vice Chairman of Travelers Group Inc. almost immediately thereafter. Primerica Financial Services (1995–99)
<mask> was then made Chairman & CEO of Travelers Group's

masks: Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 Primerica Financial Services  division (Primerica), a position he held from 1995 to 1999.In 1997, Plumeri earned at least $3 million ($ today) in compensation. In 1998, Primerica had net income of $398 million (on net sales of $1.65 billion), nearly double its 1994 $209 million net income (on net sales of $1.28 billion). Speaking of his approach in business, Plumeri said:  I am an emotional person with a lot of drive, and that has caused some problems in my career. But I come from the view that you've got to be yourself, for better or worse. And what got me where I am today was my emotion. Citigroup (1999–2000)
Plumeri worked on the amalgamation of Travelers Group and Citicorp after the $70 billion ($ today)  1999 merger of the two to form Citigroup Inc. Following the integration, he was appointed CEO of Citibank, North America by Citigroup co-Chairmen Weill and <mask>.J. Paul Newsome, an analyst with CIBC Oppenheimer, said:  "He's not the spit-and-polish executive many people expected. He's rough on the edges. But Citibank knows the bank as an institution is in trouble—it can't get away anymore with passive selling—and Plumeri has all the passion to throw a glass of cold water on the bank." At this point, Weill and Reed stepped down. As CEO of Citibank N.A., he navigated the unit's earnings from $108 million to $415 million in one year, an increase of nearly 400%. In January 2000, somewhat unexpectedly, Plumeri retired from Citibank. Willis (2000–2013)

The early years
While vacationing in Paris, the Plumeris by chance met Henry Kravis whose leveraged buyout firm, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts: (KKR), had purchased the Willis Group in 1998 for $1.4 billion.When Kravis asked what he was doing, <mask>'s wife jokingly said:  "Find him a job". Kravis called him two weeks later, and suggested that Plumeri run Willis. Initially, <mask> had no interest in the position. He said:  "I really didn't want the job. I didn't know anything about insurance. I certainly didn't know anything about London. And I didn't know if my act would fly in London, to be honest with you."But the more he examined it the more appealing it became, and Weill advised him that he should definitely take the position. <mask> assumed the post of Chairman & Chief Executive Officer at Willis on October 15, 2000. He replaced <mask>, who retired, and became the company's first non-British CEO and first non-insurance industry CEO. The staid, nearly 200-year-old, tradition-laden British-based company (established in 1828) had just incurred a loss in 1999 of $104 million ($ today). "This is exactly the kind of leadership opportunity I've been looking for to focus the next stage of my career", Plumeri decided. His five-year contract provided for an annual base salary of $1 million, guaranteed bonuses of $1 million annually, further incentive bonuses, and stock options for 5.2 million Willis shares at approximately $2.80 per share. Plumeri pledged to his employees that as long as he was CEO, he would not sell any of his Willis stock.He said:  "Maybe I'd give it to charity, but selling the stock for my own benefit, I think is wrong. I'm supposed to be the chief cheerleader of the company, not only to investors but to my

masks:
Plumeri
Plumeri
Plumeri
John Reeve


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts: of our stock. That's the scoreboard....  Once people understand and buy into the vision, it's amazing what one can do.... If you don’t give people a vision, they don’t enjoy the trip because they don’t know where they are going. To avoid having to reduce the number of staff members that he had inherited, Plumeri chose to move some of them to what he viewed as better-suited roles. At Willis, he has been an outspoken supporter of banning contingent commissions.In June 2001, he brought the company back to public ownership in an IPO, and had it listed on the New York Stock Exchange. At the time, its stock price was $13.50. Within two years, by May 2, 2003, it was $31.27, an increase of 132%. On February 27, 2004, it was at $38.35. For 2002, the company's net income was $210 million. In 2003, it rose to $414 million. By February 2007, he had grown the company at an annual rate of 12% per year.In 2008, <mask> headed Willis' $2.1 billion acquisition of U.S. rival  Hilb, Rogal & Hobbs Co. (HRH). By August 2008, Willis was worth $4.5 billion. In his first eight years at Willis, the company's net worth doubled, its margins rose from 7% to 32%, and its stock price rose from $3-per-share to $32-per-share. In 2008, he directed the sale of Willis's London headquarters at 10 Trinity Square, relocating to 51 Lime Street, the fourth-tallest building in the City of London. Locals referred to the new headquarters as "Plumeri's Palace". The building incorporates <mask>'s "no-doors" policy, a policy which extends to his own office. In 2009, he struck a deal that led to the 110-story Sears Tower in Chicago,

masks: Plumeri Plumeri


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 the tallest building in North America, being renamed the Willis Tower, as the company rented  of its office space.He and Mayor Richard Daley unveiled a sign with the new name in a ceremony in July. Plumeri said:  "You can call it anything you want...  you can call it the 'Big Willie' for all I care. As a matter of fact, I wish you would." Plumeri received compensation of $8.1 million in 2007, $19.9 million in 2008, and $10.9 million in 2009 (consisting of a salary of $1 million, bonus of $1.7 million, restricted stock awards of $7.3 million, and other compensation of $.9 million). Willis extended his contract in January 2010 until July 7, 2013. As of March 2010, Plumeri owned 3.8 million shares of the company, representing 2.3%. By 2010, Willis had 17,000 employees in 400 offices located in 120 countries.With regards to his philosophy of life, <mask> said:  "I’m from the school of anything's possible. I’m from the group that says it doesn’t matter where you are from, but that it does matter how big you dream." Post-Willis (2013–present)
On August 19, 2013, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co. LP announced <mask>'s appointment as Senior Advisor. Boards
<mask>'s concurrent board responsibilities outside of Willis have included the boards of Telex Communications (from 2000), Commerce Bancorp (from 2003), the Council on Foreign Relations, and the American Institute for Chartered Property Casualty Underwriters. Now he serves on the boards of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, Jackie Robinson

masks: Plumeri Plumeri Plumeri


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 Foundation, Carnegie Hall, and the Churchill Centre and Museum at the Cabinet War Rooms in London. Sports interests

Plumeri co-owns the Trenton Thunder. The team plays at Samuel J. <mask>, Sr. Field, the 6,341-seat stadium he named after his father in 1999.In 2001, he became the co-owner of another New Jersey minor league baseball team, the Jersey Shore BlueClaws, the High-A affiliate of the Philadelphia Phillies. It is located in Lakewood in Ocean County, on the Jersey Shore. He also invested £100,000 towards a minority interest in the Plymouth Argyle Football Club in the United Kingdom, giving him an indirect ownership interest in the club of less than 1%. He was introduced to the team by its chairman Sir Roy Gardner, who is also on the Willis board. <mask>ri" in TriBeCa with his son <mask>ri Park" is the 1,000-seat baseball facility of the William & Mary Tribe baseball team since 1999, constructed in large part on the basis of a donation by Plumeri in the autumn of 1996. He had it named in honor of his father. In 2008, he provided $2 million to create the Plumeri Awards for Faculty Excellence at William & Mary. He also funded the <mask> J. Plumeri Business Scholarship, the Joseph J. Plumeri Endowment Fund for baseball scholarships for the school, and the W&M/Plumeri Pro-Am Golf Tournament. He donated $2 million to the construction of the "Samuel & Josephine Plumeri Wishing Place", the headquarters of the New Jersey Chapter of the Make-A-Wish Foundation (named in honor of his parents). It was the largest gift ever to the Foundation, nationwide. He also contributed $1 million to the

masks: Plumeri Plumerilume Jaylume Joseph


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 College of St. Rose in Albany, New York, for the development of the school's new Christian Plumeri Sports Complex.It was named in honor of his deceased son. <mask> is a board member of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) at Columbia University (since 1998), Mount Sinai Medical Center, the Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, and  Churchill Museum in London. He is a member of William & Mary's governing Board of Visitors, Business School Advisory Board, and Sir Robert Boyle Society, as well as a lifetime member of the President's Council and a trustee emeritus of the William & Mary Endowment Association. Plumeri was also the commencement speaker at the College of Saint Rose in 2006, Richard Bland College of the College of William and Mary in 2008, and the College of William and Mary in 2011. In November 2015, <mask> and his wife Susan donated $5 million to New York Law School to support the creation of the Joe Plumeri Center for Social Justice and Economic Opportunity. Awards
1991 Italian-American Hall of Fame (inducted)
2004 Good Scout Award (Boy Scouts of America)
2004 Award for Special Achievement in Business (the National Italian American Foundation)
2006 Insurance Leader of the Year (St. John's University School of Risk Management)
2006 Humanitarian of the Year (Make-a-Wish Foundation of New Jersey)
2007 Salute Award, in recognition of business achievements and philanthropic activities (the Intrepid Foundation)
2008 National Education & Leadership Award (The Sons of Italy Foundation)
2009 & 2010 Lists of "100 Most Influential People in Finance" (Treasury & Risk


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 magazine)
2010 Business Achievement Award (Beta Gamma Sigma)
2010 Achievement in Industry Award (The Jackie Robinson Foundation)
2011 Honorary Doctor of Public Service from The College of William and Mary
2011 Grand marshal, New York City Columbus Day Parade, Columbus Citizens Foundation
2015 Honorary Doctor of Law, New York Law School
2016 Distinguished Achievement Award, Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity

Family
With then-wife Nancy (née Walton) Plumeri, he raised three children: Christian J. (now deceased), <mask>, and Leslie.He currently lives in New York City. Speaking of his son Christian, who died in November 2008 at age 39 from drug addiction, he said:  "You deal with it, but it's so difficult. I think about it all the time; think about it every day. You always think about what you could have done differently." His brother <mask>, Sr., is a blues guitarist. His brother Samuel J<mask> <mask>., is vice chairman of the New Jersey State Parole Board and chairman the Capital Health Board of Directors. He also served as a Trenton police officer, Mercer County (New Jersey) sheriff, and for a decade was superintendent of Police/Director of Public Safety for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.His nephew <mask> <mask>., is a graduate of Columbia University and leads brand marketing for the Google News Initiative. His mother, <mask>, died on January 20, 2012, at the age of 97. References

External links
Reuters bio
"<mask>ri Live", Interview by Mike Schneider on Venture, Bloomberg, February 6, 2009
"Beyond The Boardroom: <mask>", Interview by <mask> on Plum TV, August 24, 2009
<mask>ri

masks:
Jay
Paul Plumeri
. Plumeri
Jr
Paul Plumeri
Jr
Josephine Plumeri
Joe Plume
Joe Plumeri
Jonathan Tisch
Joe Plume


title: Joe J. Plumeri

texts:
 page on Flickr
<mask>ri playlist in YouTube

1943 births
American philanthropists
American people of Italian descent
Bordentown Military Institute alumni
Citigroup people
Living people
New York Law School alumni
People from Far Hills, New Jersey
People from Scotch Plains, New Jersey
Businesspeople from Trenton, New Jersey
The Travelers Companies
William & Mary Tribe baseball players
William & Mary Tribe football


title: Shamsur Rahman (poet)

texts:
<mask> (; 23 October 1929 – 17 August 2006) was a Bangladeshi poet, columnist and journalist. A prolific writer, <mask> produced more than sixty books of poetry collection and is considered a key figure in Bengali literature from the latter half of the 20th century. He was regarded as the unofficial poet laureate of Bangladesh. Major themes in his poetry and writings include liberal humanism, human relations, romanticised rebellion of youth, the emergence of and consequent events in Bangladesh, and opposition to religious fundamentalism. Education
<mask> was born in his grandfather's house 46 no. Mahut-Tuli, Dhaka. His paternal home is situated on the bank of the river Meghna, a village named Paratoli, near the Raipura thana of Narshingdi district.He was the third of thirteen children. He studied at Pogos High School from where he passed matriculation in 1945. Later he took his I.A. as a student of the Dhaka College. <mask> <mask> started writing poetry at the age of eighteen, just after graduating from the Dhaka College. He studied English literature at the Dhaka University for three years but did not take the examination. After a break of three years he got admitted to the B.A.pass course and received his BA in 1953. He also received his MA in the same subject where he stood second in second division. In his leisure after the matriculation, he read the Golpo Guccho of Rabindranath Tagore. He told that this book took him into the extra ordinary world and transformed him into an altogether different personality. In 1949, his poem Unissho Unoponchash was published in Sonar Bangla which was then edited by Nalinikishor Guho. He had a long career as a journalist and served as the editor of a national daily, Dainik Bangla and the Weekly Bichitra in the 1980s. A

masks:
Shamsur Rahman
Rahman
Shamsur Rahman
Shamsur
Rahman


title: Shamsur Rahman (poet)

texts:
 shy person by nature, he became an outspoken liberal intellectual in the 1990s against religious fundamentalism and reactionary nationalism in Bangladesh.As a consequence, he became a frequent target of the politically conservative as well as Islamists of the country. This culminated in the January 1999 attack on his life by the militant Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami. He survived the attempt. Poetry
<mask> <mask>'s first book of poetry, Prothom Gaan Dwityo Mrittyur Agey (First Song Before the Second Death) was published in 1960. He had to go through the political turbulence of the 1960s and 1970s which also reflected in his poems clearly. He wrote his famous poem Asader Shirt which was written with respect to the mass uprising of 1969 led by Maulana Bhasani. During the Bangladesh Liberation War he wrote a number of poems based on the war.These poems were so inspiring that they were recited at the camps of freedom fighters. Later these poems were published in Bondi Shibir Theke (From Confinement in Enemy Territory) in 1972. Later he continued writing poems in the independent Bangladesh and remained as the poet whose poems reflect the history of the nation. During the historical movement against Ershad he published his book Buk Tar Bangladesher Hridoy indicating the great sacrifice of Nur Hossain. Poetic diction
<mask> <mask> wrote most of his poems in free verse, often with the rhythm style known as Poyaar or Okhshorbritto. It is popularly known that he followed this pattern from poet Jibanananda Das. He also wrote poems in two other major patterns of Bengali rhythmic style, namely, Matrabritto and Shwarobritto.Career in journalism

<mask> <mask> started his professional career as a co-editor in the English daily Morning News in 1957. Later he left this job

masks: Shamsur Rahman Shamsur Rahman Shamsur Rahman


title: Shamsur Rahman (poet)

texts:
 and went to the Dhaka center of the then Radio Pakistan. But he returned to his own rank at Morning News in 1960 and was there till 1964. After the liberation of Bangladesh he wrote columns in the daily Dainik Bangla. In 1977 he became the editor of this daily. He also jointly worked as the editor of Bichitra, a weekly published since 1973. During the period of President Ershad he got involved with internal turbulence in the Dainik Bangla.A rank 'Chief Editor' was created to take away his position as the top executive and rip him off all executive powers. In 1987 he left the daily as a protest against this injustice. He also worked as the editor of monthly literary magazine Adhuna for two years since 1986. and as the main editor of the weekly Muldhara in 1989. He worked as one of the editors of Kobikantha, an irregular poetry magazine, in 1956. Attempted assassination
On 18 January 1999, Harkat-ul-Jihad-al-Islami Bangladesh tried to assassinate <mask> <mask> in his residence in Shyamali, Dhaka. The attackers tried to decapitate him with an axe and his wife was seriously injured. The attackers were led by Hasan, a student of Dhaka College.He survived the assassination attempt. Charges were filed against seven by  Criminal Investigation Department Assistant Superintendent of Police Abdul Kahhar Akhand on 8 July 1999. On 12 February 2004, the accused assassins were acquitted due to a lack of witness by Dhaka's Chief Metropolitan Magistrates Court. Bangladesh police considered re-opening the case in 2016. Death
His health broke down towards the end of the 1990s and on two occasions he received major cardiac surgery. He died on 17 August 2006 of heart and kidney failure after having been in a coma for 12 days. He was 76.Critical acclaim
Zillur <mask>, a

masks:
Shamsur
Rahman
Rahman Siddiqui


title: Shamsur Rahman (poet)

texts:
 friend and critic, describes <mask> <mask> as one who is "deeply rooted in his own tradition." In his opinion, <mask> <mask> "still soaks the language of our times, transcending the limits of geography. In his range of sympathy, his catholicity, his urgent and immediate relevance for us, <mask> <mask> is second to none." Professor Syed Manzoorul Islam has similar praise for <mask>, "It is true he has built on the ground of the 30s poets, but he has developed the ground, explored into areas they thought too dark for exploration, has added new features to it, landscaped it and in the process left his footprints all over." Azfar Hussain also commends <mask>'s work thus: "[...] he [<mask>] decisively shapes diction in post-Tagorean and post-Jibananandian Bangla poetry. Also, <mask> offers us the kind of poetry that effectively traverses a wide range of middle-class experiences, while making some politically significant inter-class connections in the interest of animating and inspiring broad-based struggles against oppression and injustice, although his perspective remains inflected by a progressive and robust version of liberal humanism." In the year 1983, renowned Bangladeshi writer Humayun Azad wrote a book called Shamsur <mask> : Nisshongo Sherpa (A Lonely Climber) that offered a sustained critical analysis of <mask> <mask>'s poetry.Tribute
On 23 October 2018, <mask> was honoured with a Google Doodle posthumously on his 89th birthday. Literary works

Poetry

Short stories
 <mask> <mask>er Golpo

Novels

Children's literature

Autobiography

Collected columns

Poems in translation

Drama in translation

Others

Awards
 Adamjee Award (1962)
 Bangla Academy Literary Award (1969)
 Ekushey Padak (1977)
 Swadhinata Dibosh Award (1991)
 Mitshubishi Award of Japan

masks: Shamsur Rahman Shamsur Rahman Shamsur Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman Rahman Shamsur Rahman Rahman Shamsur Rahman


title: Charles de Freycinet

texts:
<mask> (; 14 November 1828 – 14 May 1923) was a French statesman and four times Prime Minister during the Third Republic. He also served an important term as Minister of War (1888–93). He belonged to the Opportunist Republicans faction. He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences, and in 1890, the fourteenth member to occupy a seat in the Académie Française. Biography

Early years
Freycinet was born at Foix (Ariège) of a Protestant family and was the nephew of <mask>, a French navigator. <mask>t was educated at the École Polytechnique. He entered government service as a mining engineer (see X-Mines).In 1858 he was appointed traffic manager to the Compagnie de chemins de fer du Midi, a post in which he showed a remarkable talent for organization, and in 1862 returned to the engineering service, attaining in 1886 the rank of inspector-general. He was sent on several special scientific missions, including one to the United Kingdom, on which he wrote a notable Mémoire sur le travail des femmes et des enfants dans les manufactures de l'Angleterre (1867). Government service

Franco-Prussian War
In July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War started which led to the fall of the Second French Empire of Napoleon III. On the establishment of the Third Republic in September 1870, he offered his services to Léon Gambetta, was appointed prefect of the department of Tarn-et-Garonne, and in October became chief of the military cabinet. It was mainly Freycinet's powers of organization which enabled Gambetta to raise army after army to oppose the invading Germans. He revealed himself to be a competent strategist, but the policy of dictating operations to the generals in the field was not attended with happy results. The friction between him and General d'Aurelle <mask> resulted in the loss of the advantage temporarily gained at Coulmiers and Orléans, and he was responsible for the campaign in the

masks:
Charles Louis de Saulces de Freycinet
Louis de Freycinet
Charles Freycine
de Paladines


title: Charles de Freycinet

texts:
 east, which ended in the destruction of the Armée de l'Est of <mask> Bourbaki.1871-1888
In 1871 he published a defence of his administration under the title of La Guerre en province pendant le siège de Paris. He entered the Senate in 1876 as a follower of Gambetta, and in December 1877 became Minister of Public Works in the cabinet of Jules Armand Stanislaus Dufaure. He passed a great scheme for the gradual acquisition of the railways by the state and the construction of new lines at a cost of three milliards, and for the development of the canal system at a further cost of one milliard. He retained his post in the ministry of William Henry Waddington, whom he succeeded in December 1879 as Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs. He passed an amnesty for the Communards, but in attempting to steer a middle course (between the Catholics and the anti-clericalists) on the question of the religious associations, he lost Gambetta's support, and resigned in September 1880. In January 1882 he again became Prime Minister and Foreign Minister. The reluctance of the French parliament to join Britain in the bombardment of Alexandria was the death-knell of French influence in Egypt.He attempted to compromise by occupying the Isthmus of Suez, but the vote of credit was rejected in the Chamber by 417 votes to 75, and the ministry resigned. He returned to office in April 1885 as Foreign Minister in Henri Brisson's cabinet, and retained that post when, in January 1886, he succeeded to the premiership. He came to power with an ambitious programme of internal reform; but apart from settling the question of the exiled pretenders, his successes were chiefly in the sphere of colonial extension. In spite of his unrivalled skill as a parliamentary tactician, he failed to keep his party together, and was defeated on 3 December 1886. In the following year, after two unsuccessful attempts to


title: Charles de Freycinet

texts:
 construct new ministries, he stood for the Presidency of the Republic; but the radicals, to whom his opportunism was distasteful, turned the scale against him by transferring the votes to Marie François Sadi Carnot. Minister of War
In April 1888 he became Minister of War in <mask>'s cabinet – the first civilian since 1848 to hold that office. His services to France in this capacity were the crowning achievement of his life, and he enjoyed the conspicuous honour of holding his office without a break for five years through as many successive administrations – those of Floquet and Pierre Tirard, his own fourth ministry (March 1890 – February 1892), and the Émile Loubet and Alexandre Ribot ministries.The introduction of the three-years' service and the establishment of a general staff, a supreme council of war, and the army commands were all due to him. His premiership was marked by heated debates on the clerical question, and it was a hostile vote on his bill against the religious associations that caused the fall of his cabinet. He failed to clear himself entirely of complicity in the Panama scandals, and in January 1893 resigned the Ministry of War. In November 1898 he once again became Minister of War in the <mask> cabinet, but resigned office on 6 May 1899. Prime Minister of France

1st Ministry
 <mask> <mask> – President of the Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs
 Jean Joseph Frédéric Farre – Minister of War
 <mask> – Minister of the Interior and Worship
 Pierre Magnin – Minister of Finance
 Jules Cazot – Minister of Justice
 Jean Bernard Jauréguiberry – Minister of Marine and Colonies
 Jules Ferry – Minister of Public Instruction and Fine Arts
 Henri Varroy – Minister of Public Works
 Adolphe Cochery – Minister of Posts and Telegraphs
 Pierre Tirard – Minister of Agriculture and Commerce

 Changes
 17 May 1880 – Ernest Constans succeeds Lepère as Minister of the Interior

masks:
Charles Floquet
Charles Dupuy
Charles de
Freycinet
Charles Lepère


title: Masahiro Chono

texts:
is an American-born Japanese-American retired professional wrestler and actor best known for his 26 year stint with New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). As the leader of NWO Japan, Team 2000 and Black New Japan, he was the promotion's top heel for much of his career, beginning in 1994 when he adopted his Yakuza inspired gimmick. Aside from his work in NJPW, <mask> has also made appearances for World Championship Wrestling (WCW), as a member of the New World Order, as well as occasional appearances in All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) and Osaka Pro Wrestling. Chono holds the record for most wins of the G1 Climax at 5, which has earned him the nicknames  "Mr. August" and "Mr. G1". Overall, he is a two-time world champion, with one reign as IWGP Heavyweight Champion and NWA Worlds Heavyweight Champion each. He is also a seven-time IWGP Tag Team Champion. Professional wrestling career

New Japan Pro-Wrestling

Early years (1984–1989)
Chōno debuted in 1984 against Keiji Mutoh at a New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW) event in Saitama, Japan.In 1987, he defeated Shinya Hashimoto to win the Young Lions Cup. After winning the tournament, he went on an excursion that started in Europe, wrestling for Otto Wanz's Catch Wrestling Association. After a while in Europe, <mask> went on an excursion to North America, starting in the United States, where he wrestled in NWA territories in the Kansas City and Alabama areas. He would also later wrestle in the Canadian Maritimes and in Puerto Rico, where he, Hashimoto, and Mutoh formed The Three Musketeers. <mask> returned to NJPW part-time in July 1988. He came back to the United States later in October 1988 and teamed with Mike Davis in Continental Championship Wrestling (CCW), by then renamed the Continental Wrestling

masks: Chono Chono Chono


title: Masahiro Chono

texts:
 Federation (CWF), and won that company's tag titles as the Japanese Connection. In April 1989, he took part in the IWGP Heavyweight Championship tournament, held at New Japan's very first show at the Tokyo Dome; he lost to eventual winner of the tournament and new champion Big Van Vader in the quarterfinals.During this time, he would return to the United States and have a brief run in Australia. Rise to superstardom (1989–1994)
Upon <mask>'s return to New Japan in October 1989, on February 10, 1990, he wrestled in the main-event of NJPW's second Tokyo Dome show, teaming with Shinya Hashimoto against Antonio Inoki and Seiji Sakaguchi, on April 27 he won the IWGP Tag Team Championship with Mutoh, and on December 26 he defeated his mentor, wrestling legend Lou Thesz, when Thesz came out of retirement for one last match. The next year, <mask> solidified his main-event status with an amazing performance in the first G1 Climax tournament, winning the tournament in a thirty-minute final over Mutoh. He won the tournament again in 1992, winning the NWA World Heavyweight Championship in the process. Since then, he has won the tournament on three more occasions. On September 23, 1992, <mask> suffered a serious neck injury from a botched sitdown tombstone piledriver while defending the NWA World Heavyweight Championship against Steve Austin. On January 4, 1993, he lost the NWA World title to IWGP Heavyweight champion The Great Muta in a Title vs.Title match. Around 1993, he participated in his third G1 Climax tournament, losing to Hiroshi Hase in the semi-finals. In January 1994, he received a shot at the IWGP Heavyweight Championship against Shinya Hashimoto, though he would ultimately lose the match. In August 1994, he won his third G1 Climax tournament,


title: Masahiro Chono

texts:
 defeating Power Warrior in the finals. nWo Japan and Team 2000 (1994–2004)
A short time after winning his third G1 Climax, <mask> underwent a change in attitude. Originally a clean-cut fan favorite during his NWA World title reign, he turned heel, angered that Power Warrior received a shot at the IWGP Heavyweight Championship before him, as he won the tournament. He also changed his image and adopted a yakuza gimmick, complete with sunglasses, menacing mannerisms and black coats and tights.<mask>'s partnering with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Hiro Saito as "Team Wolf" provided a foundation to NJPW's nWo Japan. Establishing himself as leader of its Japanese sister stable, <mask> joined the American nWo in December 1996 as it was gaining momentum in World Championship Wrestling (WCW). He would also join its successor, Team 2000, which would eventually restructure again. In a match against WCW's Bill Goldberg, <mask> supposedly "shot" the match (actually employing legitimate combat) and dislocated his shoulder. Upon returning to Japan, <mask> rejoined NJPW, where he achieved much success. He won the IWGP Tag Team Titles on six occasions and also won the very prestigious IWGP Heavyweight Title in 1998. In 2002, <mask> won his fourth G1 Climax tournament and had a brief, memorable feud with WWE's Chyna.He also became a booker for NJPW around this time. In 2003, <mask> briefly joined Pro Wrestling NOAH for a handful of matches and was defeated by GHC Champion Kenta Kobashi on 2 May of that year. On October 13, he lost to Hulk Hogan. Black New Japan and ChoTen (2004–2007)
In early 2004, <mask> became the leader of the Black New Japan stable, which was the most dominating heel stable in NJPW until it was disbanded by Riki Choshu. As a reaction to this, <mask>

masks: Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono


title: Masahiro Chono

texts:
 lead an "Anti-Choshu Army" with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Black Strong Machine. Chono won the 2005 G1 Climax tournament, thus having achieved a record-setting five G1 victories. His success in the G1 has given him the nickname Mr. August.On October 30, 2005, <mask> <mask> and Tenzan defeated the team of Shinsuke Nakamura and Hiroshi Tanahashi to win their fifth IWGP Tag Team Championship. The team went on to rename themselves Cho-Ten, a portmanteau of the members' names. They were stripped of the titles in late 2006 after they split up, and refused to defend them together. <mask> <mask> formed a stable with Shinsuke Nakamura in 2006 called Chono and Nakamura-gun, which began feuding with Tenzan's new group, GBH. Legend (2007–2010)

<mask> continued to wrestle full-time in 2007, but also began working as a promoter, with New Japan permitting him to set up cards in different areas of Japan. Following the 2007 G1 Climax, it appears that <mask> may be breaking away from his BLACK faction and formed the Legend stable, having sworn in wrestlers such as Riki Choshu, Jyushin Thunder Liger, Shiro Koshinaka, and AKIRA. Outside wrestling, <mask> began appearing on Gaki no Tsukai's "No Laughing Batsu Game" as one of the attackers, usually giving Hōsei Tsukitei a slap to the face.In January 2010 it was reported that <mask> would be leaving New Japan and becoming a freelancer, after spending most of his career with the company. Freelancer (2010–2013)
In March 2010, <mask> portrayed Nobunaga Oda in two matches during a Samurai Festival after leaving New Japan. Chono wrestled AKIRA, who portrayed Mitsuhide Akechi, on both days, winning the first match and losing the second. On August 15, 2010, <mask> returned to New Japan to serve as the special ring announcer for

masks: Masahiro Chono Masahiro Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono


title: Masahiro Chono

texts:
 the G1 Climax final match between Hiroshi Tanahashi and Satoshi Kojima. On November 5 and 6, Chono appeared in a series of shows in Taiwan for All Japan. On November 5, <mask> and Mutoh defeated the Voodoo Murders (TARU and Rene Dupree). The following day, Chono teamed with Mutoh and Masakatsu Funaki to defeat the Voodoo Murders (Dupree, KENSO, and Joe Doering).In December 2010, <mask> began working for Antonio Inoki's Inoki Genome Federation as a booker. On March 6, 2011, <mask> entered Pro Wrestling ZERO1 for their 10th Anniversary Show, where he defeated Daichi Hashimoto in his debut match. On April 17, 2011, <mask> wrestled for Osaka Pro, where he teamed with Kuuga and Orochi in a losing effort against Shodai Tiger Mask, Billyken Kid, and Tsubasa. On August 14, 2011, <mask> returned to Osaka Pro, teaming with TAJIRI and Zeus in a victory over JOKER (Kuuga, Orochi, and Tadasuke). On October 3, 2011, <mask> returned to NJPW for a Team Wolf reunion match, teaming with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Hiro Saito to defeat Osamu Nishimura, Koji Kanemoto, and Shinjiro Otani. All Japan Pro Wrestling (2013–2014)
In January 2013, <mask> signed with All Japan Pro Wrestling (AJPW) as an advisor. On August 25, 2013, <mask> teamed with Joe Doering and defeated KENSO and AJPW President Nobuo Shiraishi in an exhibition tag team match.<mask> left AJPW in 2014. Return to freelancing (2014)
Since leaving AJPW, <mask> has become a freelancer. His last match on record was on April 13, 2014, for Dotonbori Pro Wrestling, teaming with Daisuke Masaoka and Hayata in a loss to Super Delfin, HUB, and Gran Hamada. Personal life
On December 28, 1991, <mask> married Martina Carlsbad, whom he met while on an excursion in Germany in 1987. Together they have one son (born July 4,

masks: Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono Chono


title: Masahiro Chono

texts:
 2006) and one daughter (born August 2009). In late-June 1995, <mask>'s father died. His death forced <mask> to miss an IWGP Tag Team title defense and take a hiatus, which forced him and Hiroyoshi Tenzan to vacate the title on July 7, 1995.Other media
<mask> appears as a gang member in the 2017 video game Yakuza Kiwami 2, alongside Genichiro Tenryu, Keiji Mutoh, Riki Choshu and Tatsumi Fujinami. Besides appearing in numerous TV shows, he was the voice actor in the Japanese dubbed version of Blade 3 for Grimwood. 28 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the PWI 500 in 1997
 PWI ranked him No. 70 of the 500 best singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003
Tokyo Sports
 Fighting Spirit Award (1991, 2002)
 Outstanding Performance Award (1992)
 Tag Team of the Year (1990)- with Keiji Mutoh
 Tag Team of the Year (1995)- with Hiroyoshi Tenzan
 Tag Team of the Year (1996)- with Hiroyoshi Tenzan and Hiro Saito
 Wrestler of the Year (1997)
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards
 Best Heel (1995)
 Best Gimmick (1996) – nWo
 Feud of the Year (1996) New World Order vs. World Championship Wrestling
 Worst Worked Match of the Year (1992) vs. Rick Rude at Halloween Havoc
 Wrestling Observer Newsletter Hall of Fame (Class of 2004)

References

External links

 Biography
 Biographical information
 Aristrist clothing

1963 births
IWGP Heavyweight champions
Japanese male professional wrestlers
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
NWA World Heavyweight Champions
Professional wrestlers from Washington (state)
Sportspeople from Seattle
Sportspeople from Tokyo Metropolis
People from Mitaka, Tokyo
The New World Order (professional wrestling) members
Japanese male video game actors
American male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
American male


title: Paul Robin

texts: <mask> (April 3, 1837 in Toulon, France - August 31, 1912 in Paris) was a French anarchist pedagogue, known in particular for having developed integral education at the orphanage in Cempuis. He was the most significant figure of the French Neo-Malthusianism movement. <mask> was born in Toulon into a bourgeois, Catholic and patriotic family. A pupil of the École normale supérieure in Paris, he passed his bachelor's degrees in mathematics and physical sciences; he becomes a Darwinist and an atheist. He was briefly a high school teacher (1861 - 1865), but came into conflict with his administration on matters of popular education, for which he had a keen interest. In 1865, he left for Belgium where he established contacts with activists of the International Workers' Association, helped create the Belgian section of the AIT and was expelled for having participated in the movement supporting a strike. He retired to Switzerland, then to France (where he was imprisoned in July 1870), and finally to England.In London, where he frequented the militants of the International; he was a member of the General Council of the International for a time, but quickly broke with the “authoritarian” and Marx to take the side of Mikhail Bakunin, whose anarchist ideas he shared. During his voluntary exile, he gave lessons. In 1879, he returned to France as an inspector of primary education appointed by Ferdinand Buisson, director of primary education to Minister Jules Ferry. <mask> had previously collaborated on the Ferdinand Buisson Dictionary of Pedagogy. Thanks to Buisson, who gave him constant support, <mask> was placed at the head, from 1880 to 1894, of the Prévost Orphanage,

masks:
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Robin
Robin


title: Paul Robin

texts: in Cempuis (Oise). In this establishment which depends on the general council of the Seine, he put into practice, on a significant number of children, the theories on integral education which he formulated from 1869 to 1870. This education, which is intended to give children from disadvantaged classes the means to access education, is characterized, in addition to its atheism and internationalism, by the concern to harmoniously develop the individual as a whole.<mask>'s teaching was based upon observation, development of the artistic direction of the child and taking into account the children's desires. Co-education was the rule, and the children were taken along for two months to the sea each summer, etc. Physical, manual and intellectual education were complemented with 19 different workshops which provided them at least one complete formation of a trade occupation (a bakery, printing works, photography, masonry, etc.). These workshops also provided the school a certain financial autonomy. <mask>'s educational methods, too revolutionary for their time, resulted in his expulsion from Cempuis on August 31, 1894, following a very virulent press campaign waged against him by the Free Word. Octave Mirbeau then took up his defense and denounced the liberticide collusion between Cartouche (the corrupt republican politicians) and Loyola (the retrograde Catholic Church). In 1896, <mask> founded the League for Human Regeneration.At its head, he introduced into France the neo-Malthusian principles he had discovered in England and tirelessly campaigned to disseminate the means of birth control among the working class. He saw “parental caution” as a means of

masks: Robin Robin Robin


title: Paul Robin

texts:
 emancipation for the poorest and particularly women. He also developed certain eugenic aspects - a theory which was widespread at the time in medical circles. He published numerous neo-Malthusian propaganda brochures. He worked for a time with Eugene Humbert, with whom he eventually had a falling-out. Feeling his strength and his faculties decline, <mask> took his own life in 1912. Positivist to the end, he studied the progress of the effect of the poison on himself.But <mask>'s legacy at Cempuis was not lost, and he had a tremendous influence on two other great anarchist pedagogues: Francisco Ferrer and Sébastien Faure. Bibliography
 Christiane Demeulenaere-Douyère
 <mask>. Un militant de la liberté et du bonheur, Paris, Publisud, 1994. <mask> et l’éducation intégrale : principes et expérimentation, exposé présenté aux Rencontres de Bieuzy, 1999, en hommage à Francisco Ferrer.Un précurseur de la mixité : <mask> et la coéducation des sexes, in Coéducation et mixité, CLIO, Histoire, Femmes et Sociétés, 2003, 18, p. 125-132 full text.Buisson et l’Orphelinat Prévost de Cempuis, in Fondateur de la laïcité, militant de la paix, Actes du colloque commémorant le 70e anniversaire de la disparition de Ferdinand Buisson, Grandvilliers, Oise (September 2002), Amiens, CRDP, 2004, p.89-96.Cempuis ou l’éducation libertaire aux champs (1880-1894), A. Baubérot et Fl. Bourillon (dir. ), Urbaphobie. La détestation de la ville aux XIXe et XXe siècles, Conseil général du Val-de-Marne-CRHEC-Éditions Bière, 2009, p.183-194 full text.Cempuis.Un idéal d’éducation libertaire, Barricade, n° 4, (February 2012), p. 32-34. Nathalie Brémand
 <mask> et son expérience à l’orphelinat de

masks:
Paul Robin
Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin


title: Paul Robin

texts:
 Cempuis (1880-1894), in L’affaire Ferrer : les expériences libertaires en France en matière d'éducation au début du siècle,  Actes du colloque organisé à Castres le (October 14, 1989), sous la direction de Madeleine Rebérioux, Centre national et musée Jean Jaurès, Castres, 1991, p. 49-62. Cempuis : une expérience d'éducation libertaire à l'époque de Jules Ferry, 1880-1894, Paris, Éditions du Monde libertaire, 1992, online extracts. Federico Ferretti, “The spatiality of geography teaching and cultures of alternative education: the ‘intuitive geographies’ of the anarchist school in Cempuis (1880-1894)”, Cultural Geographies, 2016, online. B. Lechevalier, <mask>, in Quinze pédagogues, Paris, Armand Colin, 1997. M. Dommanget, <mask>, in Les grands socialistes et l'éducation, Armand Colin (Coll. U).Jeanne Humbert, Une grande figure, <mask>, 1837-1912, La Ruche ouvrière, 1967. G. Giroud, <mask>, sa vie, ses idées, son action, Paris, 1937. <mask>, Manifiesto a los partidarios de la educacion integral: (un antecedente de la escuela moderna), J.J. de Olaneta, 1981. Léo Campion, Le Drapeau noir, l'Équerre et le Compas : les Maillons libertaires de la Chaîne d'Union, Éditions Alternative libertaire, 1996, read online, pdf. Aristide Delannoy, Victor Méric, <mask>, Les Hommes du jour, n°102, (January 1, 1910), texte intégral. Martine BRUNET-GIRY, Ferdinand Buisson et les socialistes libertaires'', Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Clamecy, 2014, 285 p.

1837 births
1912 deaths
19th-century French educators
French anarchists
French feminists
Members of the International Workingmen's Association
Male feminists
Anarcha-feminists
1912 suicides
Suicides by poison
Suicides in

masks:
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin
Paul Robin


title: Nescio

texts:
"Nescio", Latin for "I don't know", was the pen name of Dutch writer Jan Hendrik Frederik Grönloh, who was born on June 22, 1882, in Amsterdam and died on July 25, 1961, in Hilversum, also in the Netherlands. Grönloh was a businessman by profession, but as <mask> he is mainly remembered for the three novellas De uitvreter (The Freeloader), Titaantjes (Little Titans) and Dichtertje (Little Poet). His reputation as an important Dutch writer was only established after his death. Biography
<mask> was born in the Reguliersbreestraat 49 in Amsterdam, the eldest son of Jan Hendrik Frederik Grönloh, blacksmith and shopowner, with whom he shared his full name, and Martha Maria van der Reijden. <mask> grew up as Frits Grönloh, to distinguish him from his father. He was educated at a secular primary school, after which he went to the three-year HBS high school. From 1897 to 1899 he went to the Openbare Handelsschool (a college level business school).After this he started work as an office clerk in Hengelo, but quickly returned to Amsterdam, where he held a succession of similar jobs. In 1905 <mask> married Aagje Tiket, with whom he would raise four daughters. Until his death in a Hilversum sanatorium in 1961, <mask> would remain in Amsterdam. Frits Grönloh started writing as <mask>, as he wanted to keep his professional career and his writing career separate. All his stories bear witness to the conflict between his career and his ideals, as formed by the turn of the century utopian socialism. In 1900 he had started a commune inspired by Frederik van Eeden's Walden commune; the commune was wound up in 1903. He still kept his ideals but was no longer personally

masks: Nescio Nescio Nescio Nescio Nescio Nescio


title: Nescio

texts:
 involved.Instead he turned to writing, as well as long solitary walks in the countryside around Amsterdam. Not very prolific, much of his writing remained unpublished until after his death, and the stories he did publish went out of print quickly. His decision to use a pseudonym does not help with this: it was only in 1932 that <mask> revealed his true name. This led to a reprint of De uitvreter/Titaantjes/Dichtertje in 1933, as well as some critical attention. It was only after World War II that he became reasonably well known, though his oeuvre is still small, roughly 160 pages. However growing critical appreciation led to him receiving the  in 1954, as well as the publication of a new collection of stories just before his death in 1961. His name lives on in the form of the Nesciobrug which enables cyclists and pedestrians to go from Diemen to IJburg over the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal.Works by <mask>
<mask> was not a prolific writer, and it did not help that none of his stories had any success at publication. His reputation as an important Dutch writer therefore rests solely on three short stories, De uitvreter (1911), Titaantjes (1915) and
Dichtertje (1918). De uitvreter
De uitvreter (The freeloader) was first published in the Dutch literary magazine De Gids. The central character is Japi, who wants to be the perfect bohemian, not wanting to do anything with his life but just sit and look at the sea. He is a friend of Koekebakker, the narrator, who thinks Japi is, "apart from the man who thought the Sarphatistraat in Amsterdam was the most beautiful place in Europe, the strangest person he had known". He is also friends with an unsuccessful painter,

masks: Nescio Nescio Nescio


title: Nescio

texts:
 Bavink, who like Koekebakker would return in Titaantjes. Japi sponges off both Koekebakker and Bavink, as well as other friends, but they do not mind greatly, as he is such an innocent.The theme of the story is how ideals conflict with the demands of society, which Japi resolves by quietly committing suicide at the end of the book (by stepping from the Nijmegen railway bridge), when it is no longer possible for him to keep pursuing his ideal of doing absolutely nothing. Bavink as an
unsuccessful painter is the best at not conforming, while the narrator is slowly seduced by material comforts. Titaantjes
Titaantjes (little titans) was first published in Groot-Nederland. It is a semi-sequel to De uitvreter and again features Koekebakker as narrator, reminiscing about his time with Bavink, and the newly introduced characters of Hoyer, Bekker, and Kees, when he still had ideals. The opening sentence is "Boys we were – but nice boys". The story then leaps ahead several years. Koekebakker is now a successful journalist, while each of the others have failed their ideals in one way or another.Bekker has given up on changing the world, and works in an office again. Kees has a blue collar job. Hoyer is a mid range official in the SDAP. The most ardent adherent to their youthful ideals, Bavink, went mad after being unable to create the masterpiece he had striven after for so long. Dichtertje
Dichtertje (little poet) was published in one volume with De uitvreter and Titaantjes in a printrun of 500 copies by the art dealer J.H. de Bois. It is the story of an idealistic poet, which unlike the other two stories, is told by <mask> himself.It is slightly daring in its


title: Nescio

texts:
 frank discussion of sexual mores and adultery for the time in which it was written, as well as having the "God of the Netherlands" on stage. The theme of the story is again the conflict between idealistic youth and bourgeois adulthood, with the main character both mourning the loss of his ideals and accepting in his fate as a bourgeois family man. Other works
Mene tekel (1946, often published together with De uitvreter/Titaantjes/Dichtertje), the name inspired by the Biblical episode of Belshazzar's feast. Boven het Dal en andere verhalen (Above the Valley and other stories, 1961, a selection of unpublished work, which appeared shortly before his death)
 De X Geboden (The X Commandments, 1971, posthumously published)
 Nescio, Brieven uit Veere, 2010

Translations
An English translation of most of <mask>'s stories was published in 2012 under the title Amsterdam Stories. See also
NRC's Best Dutch novels

References

External links

 Nescio Biography and a review of his three main works from the Foundation for the Production and Translation of Dutch Literature. Review of uitvreter/Titaantjes/Dichtertje, 1961
Nescio: 'Schrijft U over mij maar niks' Very good and elaborate site about the life and works of <mask>. (Dutch)
 Een Toren om te Staan in de Eeuwigheid An essay about the heaven-motif in <mask>'s works by Marc Boelens.(Dutch)
Nescio Entry in the database of the Digital Library of Dutch Literature. (Dutch)
De uitvreter translated into Esperanto
 Biography of Grönloh, Jan Hendrik Frederik (pseud. Nescio) Dutch
Hear Fragments of 'De Uitvreter' and 'Titaantjes' and read a rough English translation

1882 births
1961 deaths
Dutch male writers
Writers


title: Joseph Fort Newton

texts: <mask> (1880–1950) was an American Baptist minister. He was born in Decatur, Texas, the son of a Baptist minister turned attorney. He attended Southern Baptist Seminary, and Harvard University. While at Harvard he studied under William James. <mask> held the honorary degrees of Doctor of Hebrew Literature (Coe College, 1912), Doctor of Divinity (Tufts University, 1919), Doctor of Humane Letters (Hobart and William Smith Colleges, 1926), and Doctor of Laws (Temple University, 1929). <mask> was ordained a Baptist minister in 1895. He held Baptist pastorates in Texas, and led non-sectarian and Universalist congregations in Illinois and Iowa.While in Iowa, he taught English literature at the extension campus of the University of Iowa in Cedar Rapids. While in Cedar Rapids, many of <mask>'s sermons were published and gained wide circulation. Their popularity in England led him to be called to the pulpit of the City Temple (London) in 1916. During his four years at City Temple, he made trips throughout the British Isles and gained international fame through sermons in which he urged understanding between England and the United States as a basis of world order and abiding peace. In 1920, <mask> returned to the United States and assumed the pulpit at the Church of the Divine Paternity, New York City, NY. While there <mask> served as an editor of the Christian Century, edited the Best Sermons of the Year series, and preached at colleges and universities across the United States. At the invitation of the Diocese of

masks:
Joseph Fort Newton
Newton
Newton
Newton
Newton
Newton


title: Joseph Fort Newton

texts:
 Pennsylvania Bishop Thomas J. Garland, <mask> entered the ministry of the Episcopal Church in September 1925, and came to the Memorial Church of St. Paul, Overbrook, Philadelphia, PA, as a "special minister."He was ordained as a priest in 1926 at Christ Church, Philadelphia, PA. <mask> remained at the Memorial Church of St. Paul until 1930. From 1930 to 1938, <mask> assisted the Rev. Dr. John C. H. Mockridge at St. James Church, Philadelphia, PA. In 1938 he assumed the rectorship of Church of St. Luke and The Epiphany, Philadelphia, PA, where he remained until his death in 1950. In 1939, <mask> was ranked among the top 5 Protestant Clergyman in the United States. From 1944 until his death, <mask> reviewed religious books and wrote a Saturday sermon column for the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin. <mask> authored over 30 books, perhaps his most famous being The Builders: A Story and Study of Freemasonry, published in 1914, and translated into six different languages.The Builders is still regarded as one of the best books on the topic. Biography

Early life
<mask> <mask> was born 21 July 1876, in Decatur, Wise, Texas to Levi "Lee" and Sue Battle <mask>. <mask> (1841 - 1883) was a Baptist minister and lawyer. He died when <mask> was six years old. Ministerial career
First Baptist Church, Paris, TX
People's Church, Dixon, IL
Universalist Liberal Church, Cedar Rapids, IA
City Temple, London, England
Church of the Divine Paternity, New York City, NY (Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York)
Memorial Church of

masks:
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Newton
Newton
Newton
Newton
Newton
Joseph Fort
Newton
Green Newton
Lee Newton
Joseph Newton


title: Joseph Fort Newton

texts:
 St. Paul, Philadelphia, PA
St. James Church, Philadelphia, PA
Church of St. Luke and The Epiphany, Philadelphia, PA

Marriage and children
<mask> <mask> married Jennie Mai Deatherage (1880 – 1954) of Sanders, KY in 1900. <mask> <mask> (1903 – 1974). AB Harvard.Professor of English, University of Florida. Married Blanche Howard Gaillard. <mask>(1909 – death) BA Vassar. Married, first, Clement Warrant Hooven, and, second, _ Morris. Freemasonry
The Rev'd Dr<mask> authored a number of Masonic books, including his best-known works, The Builders, published in 1914, and The Men’s House, published in 1923. He published his autobiography, River of Years, in 1944. Dr<mask> was given the Third Degree of Freemasonry on May 28, 1902 in Friendship Lodge No.7, Dixon, Illinois, later affiliating with Mt. Hermon Lodge No. 263, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He also served as Grand Chaplain of the Grand Lodge of Iowa from 1911 to 1913 and Grand Prelate of the Grand Encampment of Knights Templar. While living in Philadelphia he was a member of Lodge No. 51. The Builders has been called "an outstanding classic in Masonic literature offering the early history of Freemasonry."Works
The Builders: A Story and Study of Freemasonry (Cedar Rapids Iowa, The Torch Press 1914). Altar Stairs: a Little Book of Prayer (New York: Macmillan, 1928). Brothers and Builders: the Basis and Spirit of Freemasonry (London: Masonic Record, 1924). David Swing: Poet and Preacher (Chicago: Unity, 1909). Everyday Religion (New York: Abingdon, 1950). God and the Golden Rule

masks:
Joseph Fort
Newton
Joseph Emerson
Newton
Josephine Newton
. Newton
. Newton


title: Joseph Fort Newton

texts:
 Other Sermons (New York: Doran, 1926). The Religion of Masonry: An Interpretation (Washington: Masonic Service Association of the United States, 1927). Things I Know in Religion (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1930).Wesley & Woolman (New York: Abingdon, 1914). What Have the Saints to Teach Us? (Chicago: Revell, 1914). Where We are in Religion (New York: Macmillan, 1945). References

Further reading
Heisey, P. H., "Theology of <mask> Newton," Lutheran Quarterly 48(1918): 258–270. Humbertson, R. D. "The Rhetorical Theory of <mask> <mask>" (Ph.D. diss, The Ohio State University, 1976). Leonard, B. J."<mask> <mask>: Ecclesiastical Nomad," Historical magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 50 (1981): 299-311. Leonard, B. J. "<mask> <mask>: Minister and Mystic" (Ph.D. diss, Boston University, 1975). Martin, E. L. "<mask> <mask>: The Man and His Religion" (M.A. thesis, Southern Methodist University, 1930). Wigfield, G. D. "A Study of Four Contemporary Preachers: Conrad, Fosdick, Holmes, and <mask>" (B.D. thesis, Chicago Theological Seminary, 1937).Zoller, D., "The Ecumenical Emphasis in the Preaching of <mask> <mask>" (Th.M. thesis, Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1967). External links

American Episcopalians
Baptists from Texas
Clergy of the Universalist Church of America
American Freemasons
Freemasonry and religion
Members of the Universalist Church of America
People from Decatur, Texas
People from Iowa
Clergy from Philadelphia
1876 births
1950 deaths
Harvard University alumni
Southern Baptist Theological

masks:
Joseph Fort
Joseph Fort
Newton
Joseph Fort
Newton
Joseph Fort
Newton
Joseph Fort
Newton
Newton
Joseph Fort
Newton


title: Abdallah al-Adil

texts:
Abu Muhammad ʿAbdallah 'al-ʿAdil' ( ʿAbd Allāh; d. October 4, 1227) was an Almohad Caliph, a former governor in al-Andalus who challenged and secured the murder of his predecessor, Abd al-Wahid I. His 1224 coup ushered in a period of instability that lasted well beyond his own death in 1227. He is often regarded as one of the most disastrous of Almohad caliphs. His coup divided the Almohads and set in motion the loss of al-Andalus and the eventual collapse of the Almohad state. Background

<mask> was a son of Almohad conqueror Yaqub al-Mansur and a brother of the famous caliph Muhammad al-Nasir. Along with his other brothers, <mask> served as an Almohad governor in al-Andalus. Following the premature death of his nephew, the young Caliph Yusuf II al-Mustansir, without heirs, in January 1224, the Marrakesh palace bureaucrats, led by the vizier Abu Sa'id Uthman ibn Jami'i and the regional Masmuda tribal sheikhs, engineered the election of his elderly grand-uncle as the new caliph Abd al-Wahid I, and presented it to the remaining Almohad family members as a fait accompli.<mask>, then governing in Murcia, and his brothers, Abu al-'Ala Idris (governing in Córdoba), Abu Musa (in Málaga) and Abu al-Hassan (in Granada), who formed a powerful clique in Almohad hierarchy, were upset at the hastiness and the probable unconstitutionality of the Marrakesh proceedings. Moreover, Abd al-Wahid I, despite his age, had a distinguished record and centralizing tendencies, and was less likely to give the brothers free

masks:
Abu Muhammad Abdallah
Abdallah
Abdallah


title: Abdallah al-Adil

texts:
 rein in al-Andalus as the young, neglectful Yusuf II had done. The Almohad dynasty had never had a disputed succession. Despite disagreements, they had always loyally lined up behind the elected caliph, so rebellion was no casual matter. But <mask> was soon visited in Murcia by the shadowy figure of Abu Zayd ibn Yujjan, a former high bureaucrat in Marrakesh, whose fall had been engineered some years earlier by al-Jami'i, and was  now serving a sentence of exile nearby in Chinchilla (Albacete). Ibn Yujjan persuaded <mask> to contest the election, assuring him of his high connections in the Marrakesh palace and among the Masmuda sheikhs. In consultation with his brothers, <mask> soon declared himself as the new Almohad caliph, taking up the caliphal title of "al-Adil" ("the Just" or "the Justicer") and immediately seized Seville, and began make preparations to march on Marrakesh and confront Abd al-Wahid I.But Ibn Yajjan had already pulled on his Moroccan connections. Before the end of the summer, Abu Zakariya, the sheikh of the Hintata tribe, and Yusuf ibn Ali, governor of Tinmal, declared for al-Adil, seized the Marrakesh palace, deposed the caliph and expelled al-Jami'i and his coterie. The fallen caliph Abd al-Wahid I was murdered by strangulation in September 1224. Aftermath
<mask> al-Adil's murderous breach of dynastic precedence and constitutional propriety shocked the rest of the Almohads. But <mask> and his brothers were dominant in al-Andalus, and had little trouble imposing themselves on

masks: Abdallah Abdallah Abdallah Abdallah Abdallah


title: Abdallah al-Adil

texts: the province, replacing those who refused to recognize the usurpation. In Spain, everyone fell in line, with the notable exception of three of <mask>'s cousins, (the sons of Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Hafs, the powerful governor of Ifriqiya):  Abu Zayd (governor of Valencia), Abd Allah (governor of Jaén) and Abu Dabbus. They were promptly deprived of their posts.The Jaén governor, Abd Allah (nicknamed "al-Bayyasi", the Baezan), took a small group of followers and set up camp in the hills of Baeza, calling for open rebellion against al-Adil. In Morocco, <mask> al-Adil's coup had barely succeeded. Many (most?) of the Masmuda tribal sheikhs, unwilling to see the balance in the Almohad coalition swinging into the hands of the Almohads of Spain, invoked their constitutional role, and refused to ratify al-Adil's usurpation, rallying instead around the figure of his nephew Yahya, the son of al-Nasir. With the coup in danger of being reversed, <mask> al-Adil made the fateful decision to begin shipping the bulk of the Almohad forces in Spain across the straits to Morocco, intending to march on Marrakesh and imposing himself on the sheikhs. Eager to depart, al-Adil undertook only a half-hearted effort to dislodge al-Bayyasi from the hills of Baeza in the winter of 1224–25. The campaign proved a humiliation – al-Bayyasi's little band of followers managed to fend off the much larger armies that al-Adil sent after them.Al-Adil quickly acquired a reputation for incompetence and poor military skills, which

masks: Abdallah Abdallah Abdallah


title: Abdallah al-Adil

texts:
 levy was raised in the city and marched out on their own to meet the Portuguese in the field. It was a massacre. The Portuguese men-at-arms mowed down the poorly armed townsfolk.Thousands – in one report as much as 20,000 – were slain before the walls of Seville. Blame for the Seville massacre – and other disasters – was placed fully on the incompetence and cowardice of Caliph al-Adil and his Almohad lieutenants. But al-Adil's fortunes soon turned. Al-Bayyasi had promised three frontier fortresses to Ferdinand III in payment for his services. But one of the fortresses, Capilla, refused to pass over. The Castilians were forced to lay a long and difficult siege. The brave defiance of little Capilla, and al-Bayyasi's shipping of provisions to the Castilian besiegers, soon turned opinion against him and back towards the Almohad Caliph.An uprising in Cordoba followed, al-Bayyasi was killed and his head dispatched to the Caliph in Marrakesh. But <mask> al-Adil did not relish this victory for long. On October 4, 1227, he was drowned in a palace bathtub, and his nephew and rival was elected as the new Almohad Caliph Yahya 'al-Mutasim'. References

 Kennedy, Hugh (1996) Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. London: Addison-Wesley-Longman
Julien, Charles-André. Histoire de l'Afrique du Nord, des origines à 1830, édition originale 1931, réédition Payot, Paris, 1994. Year of birth unknown
1227 deaths
13th-century Al-Andalus people
13th-century Almohad caliphs
13th-century Berber


title: Yaron Margolin

texts:
<mask> (born June 5, 1954) (Hebrew: ירון מרגולין) is an Israeli dancer and choreographer. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born in Tel Adashim, Israel (June 5, 1954) to one of the founding  families of the farming village. His father, Jacob, born in the village, worked on several farms. His mother, Eve, a Holocaust survivor who immigrated to Israel in her youth, danced with Mia Arbatova in Tel Aviv. In 2013, <mask>'s sister, <mask>, described their mother's life in her book Bows. Dance career

Margolin began dancing at a young age and in 1968 at age 14 was accepted to study under Yardena Cohen in Haifa, the recipient of the Israel Prize  for her work as one of the founders of Israeli dance. In 1977, Margolin was accepted into the Batsheva Dance Company and debuted in the solo "Going," in the dance "Rooms," choreographed by Anna Sokolow.In 1979, <mask> left the Batsheva Dance Company and joined teacher and choreographer Flora Cushman in The Jerusalem Dance Workshop. He also created his first recital, "Yaron Margolin Dance Recital," which toured Europe in 1980. At the same time, <mask> founded his first dance company, Katamon Workshop of Movement, in which both Anna Sokolow and Flora Cushman served as artistic advisers and guest teachers. In 1982, as part of an Israeli duet program, Margolin toured throughout Mexico performing alongside Mexican dancer Rebecca Sitt to live music by the Bitran brothers. The premier was attended by composer Mario Lavista  who came to watch the "Etude Con Sillas" duet that was choreographed to his music. In 1987, <mask> established in Jerusalem the Yaron Margolin Dance Company, which debuted the same year at the Israel Festival Jerusalem. Anna Sokolow choreographed for this production "Poem" inspired by Edgar Allan Poe's "Alone"; music by Sergei Rachmaninoff.Several independent choreographers experimented in dance theater which Margolin was a part of. In 1999, Margolin also founded the Multicultural Dance Company, an amateur troop that sought

masks:
Yaron Margolin
Yaron Margolin
Margolin
Shlomit Margolin Tamir
Margolin
Margolin
Margolin


title: Yaron Margolin

texts:
 participation of youth at risk from disadvantaged neighborhoods, including Jews and Arabs, immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia, and Palestinians from refugee camps around Jerusalem. Margolin created the suite "The Dances of Shem's Sons," which went on two rounds of performances throughout Europe. Margolin Method

Margolin developed a dance language that develops a dancer's flexibility and movement. His techniques were adopted by several of his students who also use the Margolin Method as part of their work as healers/therapists. Personal life

Margolin married in 1981 and divorced in 1985. He lives in Jerusalem.Works as a healer and has two children Tamer and Yuri. Works

Cursed Women

<mask>'s first famous dance production Cursed Women (1987, Music by César Franck), inspired by four poems of Charles Baudelaire, was controversial because it marked the first time in Israel that fully nude men and women danced on stage. The debut took place at Tzavta Tel Aviv instead of his hometown Jerusalem for fear of ultra-Orthodox demonstrations to prevent the debut. Davidbundlertanze

As a guest to the Noverre Institute, the Davidbundlertanze  recital (1989, Music by Robert Schumann) made a pre-premier appearance at the home of the Stuttgart Ballet in Germany. <mask>'s second recital premiered  at the Israel Festival . Other

Inferno (1992, Music by Franz Liszt) A duet inspired by the Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. Margolin appeared alongside his dancer and student Yael Harmati.Consolation (1992, Music by Franz Liszt)

Fire of Envy "Nur al Ira" (1996, Arabic music by Mohammed Abdel Wahab)

Persian Dance (1997, Music by Modest Mussorgsky). A solo he worked on for 10 years created for his dance student Gal Chen. Oriental Fantasy (1997) A three-hour show that premiered in the Jerusalem Theater. It included several of <mask>'s dance pieces that he created for his students and the top belly dancers of Israel. Tango on the Edge of a Stool (1998, Music by Alfred Schnittke)

The

masks: Margolin Margolin Margolin


title: Yaron Margolin

texts:
 Dancing Serpent (1999, Music by César Franck). This piece, inspired by Charles Baudelaire's poem, Margolin considers the highlight of his work. Publications

The Splendor of Movement

Published in 1980, Margolin describes the body as the basis of dance through the Kabbalistic concept of The Tree of Life.The quality of the muscular flow illustrates the dancer's spirit and the existence of a soul. <mask> used this theory in his body training method as a dancer and as a teacher. "The Splendor of Movement" was reviewed in the German newspaper Berliner Morgenpost, which described it as a new philosophy of dance. The Independent Dance. Essence, Creation and Interpretation

1999 Co-written with philosopher Nicu Horodniceanu  (pen name: Naftali Ironi). Various

In the 1990s <mask> was a dance critic for The Jerusalem Newspaper and Radio. He published articles in various magazines and websites and worked as an editor and contributor for the IsraelDance.co.il Website.Can One Teach Choreography? (1984) Israel Dance Annual
Problems of the Coda (1986) Israel Dance Annual
Problems of the Beginning (1987) Israel Dance Annual  and (1996) Folk Dance Supplement
Dances From the Olympus - The "Landscape Dances" of Sara Levi-Tanai (1989) Israel Dance Annual
Is an Open Mind Dangerous to Dance? (1994) Israel Dance Quarterly

The Fighters of the Streets of New York (1996) Israel Dance Quarterly
Daddy, I'm Dancing Nude (1997) Israel Dance Quarterly
Flourishing Talent Portrait - About Orna Kugel the Ballerina of the Israeli Ballet (1998) Israel Dance Quarterly

Awards

1977 Gertrud Kraus Scholarship from the America Israel Cultural Foundation

1980-81 Scholarship to Maurice Béjart's Mudra School in Brussels

1993 Honors Award for Choreography presented at the Brasov Dance Festival. 2000 Recognition Certificate from the Jerusalem Municipality for his contribution in the Advancement of Youth in Jerusalem. References

1954 births
Living people
Modern dancers
Israeli Jews
Israeli male dancers
Israeli

masks: Margolin Margolin


title: Hortense Allart

texts:
<mask>ritens (; pseudonym Prudence de Saman L'Esbatx; 7 September 1801 – 28 February 1879) was an Italian-French feminist writer and essayist. Her novels, based on her adventures, did not have much success, except for Les enchantements de Prudence, Avec George Sand ("The Enchantment of Prudence, with George Sand") (1873), which had a succès de scandale. Early years and education
<mask> was born in Milan in 1801. Her French father was Nicolas-Jean-<mask> and her French mother was the writer Marie-Françoise Gay who had translated the works of the English gothic author Ann Radcliffe. Her maternal aunt was the writer Sophie Gay and her cousin was Delphine de Girardin. In 1817, her father died. She had received what was considered to be a good education.Career
Allart was an enthusiastic supporter of the vanquished Napoleon and in 1819 she wrote to Henri Gatien Bertrand and volunteered to travel to Saint Helena to nurse the ex-emperor who was ill. Bertrand later offered her a job as a governess and commented that he thought that Napoleon would have fallen in love with her if she had been successful in travelling to be his nurse. Napoleon and her mother died, leaving her an orphan at the age of 20. For some two years she worked as a governess in the household of General Bertrand, where she met the Comte de Sampayo, a Portuguese gentleman. She became his mistress, and in 1826 gave birth to his son, Marcus. Sampayo abandoned her before she gave birth. Allart's first work was published in 1821. At this time she was living with the Countess Regnault de Saint-Jean

masks:
Hortense Allart de Mé
Allart
Gabriel Allart


title: Hortense Allart

texts: d'Angely, who became a close friend when she confessed to also wanting to go and tend to the ailing Napoleon.The Countess introduced <mask> to two suitors: the economist Hippolyte Passy and the poet Pierre-Jean de Béranger. Beranger and Passy were to be life-long friends. Allart traveled to Florence, where, after a time, she appears to have had an affair with Gino Capponi, who had been interested in a book entitled La Conjuration d'Amboise, which she had published when she was 21. Another early work of hers was a volume of Letters to George Sand, with whose moral and religious principles she much sympathised, and who, later on, pronounced her to be 'one of the glories of her sex'. <mask> was a lifelong lover of George Sand, but they had an open relationship. In 1829, <mask> was in Rome on a visit to her sister. There, she met François-René de Chateaubriand and they became lovers.Within a few weeks, he proceeded to Paris, and <mask> followed him there, taking an apartment in the Rue d’Enfer. In England, she met Henry Bulwer Lytton, afterwards Lord Dalling, and they became lovers, which <mask> told Chateaubrian on her return, under notions of probity, and being faithful in her temporary unions. In 1843, she married the French aristocrat Napoléon Louis Frédéric Corneille de Méritens de Malvézie but she left him the following year. <mask>, a notable figure in Paris' intellectual circles, lived several miles outside Paris with her books which she called her "true lovers". She did not recommend that women should abandon men, in fact in her novel Settimia her

masks: Allart Allart Allart Allart Allart Allart


title: Hortense Allart

texts:
 heroine enjoys her male lovers but is not defined by them but by her lack of interdependence, her intellectual maturity and her children. This was the life that <mask> lived, surviving without having to rely on a supportive family. She argued that women needed political reform of their lot and if this meant that women needed to abandon the two-parent family then this would be acceptable.<mask> foresaw a world where society was not democratic or organised by men, but a meritocratic society run by women and men of higher abilities than the general population. She professed herself a Protestant, and had a kind of religiosity, however hazy; Allart was loyal, generous and true to her lovers, who usually became her friends. A single mother of two sons, <mask> wrote that her sons were not accidents and this was the life she had chosen. <mask> recorded her adventures in her books, veiling them only slightly as fiction. Her novel Jerome (1829), for example, is a thinly disguised account of her experiences with Sampayo, whom she portrayed in the book as a celibate Roman prelate. With the exception of Les enchantements de Prudence, Avec George Sand (1873), which had a succès de scandale, none of her novels had much success. <mask> died in Montlhéry in 1879 and is buried in the cemetery at Bourg-la-Reine.Selected works

 Essai sur la religion intérieure, Paris, 1824
 Lettres sur les ouvrages de Madame de Staël, Paris, Bossange, 1824
 Gertrude, Paris, Dupont, 1828
 Jerome ou Le jeune prélat, 1829
 Sextus, ou le Romain des Maremmes ; suivi d'Essais détachés sur

masks: Allart Allart Allart Allart Allart


title: Isa Chandra Moskowitz

texts:
<mask> is an American author, magazine columnist, former host of community access cooking show Post Punk Kitchen, and restaurateur. She has authored several best-selling cookbooks, including Vegan with a Vengeance, Vegan Cupcakes Take Over the World, Veganomicon, Vegan Brunch, Vegan Cookies Invade Your Cookie Jar and Appetite for Reduction. Her first restaurant, Modern Love, opened in Omaha in 2014, and its second location opened in Brooklyn in 2016. Biography
Raised in Brooklyn, New York, and having dropped out of The High School of Music & Art, where she majored in fine art, Moskowitz found herself drawn toward the punk rock scene of the Lower East Side of Manhattan in the late 1980s, embracing first a vegetarian diet, then veganism. The experimentation and adaptation required for her new diet led to developing her skills as a cook and as an inventor of her own recipes. She volunteered with Food Not Bombs, an anarchist organization that provides free vegan meals to the homeless and needy. The inspiration to create her own cooking show came while watching the Food Network and wondering to herself why there were no vegan shows.According to Moskowitz, the show used the title The Post Punk Kitchen to signify the feeling of being "older and facing the conundrum of growing up and making compromises that their eighteen-year-old selves might hate them for". The show was popular for its laid-back approach and unscripted dialogue. Bands played on the show and even helped out with the cooking. The Post Punk Kitchen was co-hosted by Terry Hope Romero and aired on community access television in both Manhattan and Brooklyn between 2003 and 2005. The success of The Post Punk Kitchen led to the compilation of a cookbook, Vegan with a Vengeance, in late  2005. The recipes, rather than relying on expensive and heavily processed meat substitutes, use readily available and inexpensive ingredients. The book also includes multiple references to the punk-rock subculture


title: Isa Chandra Moskowitz

texts:
 over $75,000 being raised.In July 2011, Moskowitz, along with Anna Dorfman, Leigh Ellis and John McDevitt created The Teal Cat Project to raise money for cat rescue groups across the country that participate in trap–neuter–return programs. Moskowitz and the crew collect old ceramic cat figurines, upcycle them with a coat of teal paint, and number them for authenticity. T-shirts are also sold to offset the cost of supplies. <mask> is currently a Bust magazine columnist, where she writes a column called "Nickel and Dined", which focuses on cooking on a limited budget and has written for Vegetarian Times, Time Out NY, Natural Health and VegNews. Moskowitz also starred in a short-lived podcast with Herbivore Publishing's Josh Hooten called Naked Vaygun in late 2007. In Omaha, she has appeared on KMTV in 2011 and 2012. She presented at the first Austin, Texas VegFest in 2012, and in 2013.Bibliography
Vegan with a Vengeance. 2005. Vegan Cupcakes Take Over the World, with Terry Hope Romero. 2006. Veganomicon, with Terry Hope Romero. 2007. Vegan Brunch.2009. Vegan Cookies Invade Your Cookie Jar, with Terry Hope Romero. 2009. Appetite for Reduction. 2010. Vegan Pie in the Sky. 2011.Vegan with a Vengeance, 10th Anniversary Edition: Over 150 Delicious, Cheap, Animal-Free Recipes That Rock. 2015. The Superfun Times Vegan Holiday Cookbook: Entertaining for Absolutely Every Occasion. 2016. I Can Cook Vegan. 2019. See also
Animal rights and punk subculture

Notes

External links

 <mask> Moskowitz
 MikeyPod Podcast Interview with <mask> Moskowitz

1973 births
Living people
American food writers
20th-century American Jews
Chefs of vegan cuisine
Punk writers
Writers from Brooklyn
American television chefs
American women chefs
Vegan cookbook writers
Veganism activists
Chefs from New York City
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American Jews
20th-century American women
Women in

masks:
Media Moskowitz
Isa Chandra
Isa Chandra


title: Olga Gzovskaya

texts:
<mask> (Russian: О́льга Влади́мировна Гзо́вская; 10 October 1883 – 2 July 1962) was a Russian Empire and Soviet theater and film actress. Life
Gzovskaya was born to a family of a Moscow customs official of Polish origin. In 1905, she graduated from the Imperial Drama School at the Maly Theatre, having studied under Aleksandr Pavlovich Lensky. On 1 September 1905 she joined the Maly Theatre  troupe, with the first role of Ariel in "The Tempest" by William Shakespeare, that October. From 1905 to 1908, she appeared at the Maly Theatre. In 1907, she met Konstantin Stanislavski at a summer resort and began taking private acting lessons from him. During their classes Stanislavski commented to Gzovskaya that she should perform at the Moscow Art Theatre, which she took as an offer of employment and quit the Maly.As the board had not been consulted, the engagement by the Moscow Art Theatre became contentious and she was forced to tour throughout Russia during the 2008-2009 season. Her employment was also complicated because her fiancé , who was working at the Maly, was trying to become the manager of the Moscow Art Theatre, but the theater did not trust his reputation. In July 1908, she and Nelidov married. Gzovskaya returned to the Maly for the 1909-1910 season, but in 1910, she moved to the Moscow Art Theatre. In 1912, she performed a series of engagements in Prague, but was primarily engaged until 1917 at the Moscow Art Theater. Between 1917 and 1919 Gzovskaya returned to the Maly.


title: Olga Gzovskaya

texts: When Gzovskaya left the Moscow Art Theatre, she severed her studies with Stanislavski, though she tried to promote use of his method in other companies.In 1919, she taught at the studio and toured with the Chialiapin Studio and Opera Studio of the Bolshoi Theatre. In November 1920, together with her husband, actor Vladimir Gajdarov and a few other artists she went abroad. It happened so unexpectedly that none of the actors were ready to leave. They toured in Ukraine, but the Russian Civil War in 1919, cut them off from Moscow. People were trying to survive, gradually they were joined by other Moscow artists who also found themselves cut off as in other parts of the country, including several actors of the Sinelnikov troupe. As a result, there was quite a large group of well-known theater figures, which included, in addition to Gzovskaya and Gaydarov, Alla Tarasova, Vasily Kachalov, his wife Nina Litovtseva, <mask>, M.N. Nablotskaya, her husband actor Putyata, Nikolai Massalitinov, Yury Rakitin, Vladimir Zhedrinsky, M.A.Kryzhanovskaya, Maria Germanova, E.N. Roshchin-Insarov, Peter F. Sharov and many others. They decided to stay together. Katchalov and LItovtseva's son, Vadim Shverubovich, wrote about this episode in the history of the Moscow Art Theater and in the lives of his parents. <mask> worked in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, where, together with her husband she organized a studio. But they failed to maintain it. At the

masks:
Olga Knipper
Gzovskaya


title: Olga Gzovskaya

texts:
 Berlin City Opera in 1926 <mask> performed "Queen of Spades" by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.On her return in 1932 to the USSR, she worked in concert organizations in Moscow. In November 1934 she moved to Leningrad, where she continued in concert and presented a few literary compositions. In 1939, she arrived in Leningrad's Leninsky Komsomol Theatre. At the outbreak of World War II she was evacuated to Novosibirsk, where she continued her theatrical work, staged "Tyrant" by Goldoni and "Little House in Cherkizovo" by Aleksei Arbuzov. From March 1943 to 1956 she worked for the Alexandrinsky Theatre. In addition, she led the amateur clubs House of Scientists, Club of Seamen, and others. She was buried in Moscow in Vvedenskoye Cemetery.Lenin Komsomol
Beatrice ("Much Ado About Nothing" by William Shakespeare),
Mamaev ("Even a Wise Man Stumbles" Ostrovsky). Leningrad Drama Theatre
The old woman (The Chimes of Kremlin, by Nikolai Pogodin)
Mrs. Eynsford-Hill (Pygmalion by George Bernard Show)
Grandmother Arsenyeva (Lermontov by Boris Lavrenyov, her last role)

Selected filmography
Mara Kramskaya (Mara Kramskaya, 1915). Woman with Dagger (Lena Rokotoff, director Yakov Protazanov)
Tasia (Landowner's daughter, director Yakov Protazanov)
Hurricane (Natasha, director Boris Sushkevich)
Panna Mary (Panna Mary, director Yakov Protazanov, 1916)
Flurry (Tanya, director Czesław Sabinsky, 1917)
Anelya (the victim, Czesław Sabinsky, 1917)
And the Mystery Was Swallowed by the Waves... (Lilias the


title: Olga Gzovskaya

texts:
 dancer, Czesław Sabinsky, 1917)
No Blood is Necessary (<mask>skaya, director Yakov Protazanov, 1918)
Jenny the Housemaid (Jenny, Yakov Protazanov)
Witches (Maruna-Yola, director V.Starevich, 1918)
The Thieving Magpie (director Alexander Sanin, 1920)
Madame de La Pommeraye's Intrigues (director, Fritz Wendhausen, 1922)
Enjoy Your Life (<mask>, director G.Azagarov, 1923, shooting in Munich)
Psyche (Psyche, director Yu. Larin 1927, shooting in Berlin)
Songs of the Steppe (Rogoznaya, director Yakov Urinov, 1932-1933). See also
Moscow Art Theatre production of Hamlet

References

Citations

Bibliography

 Gzovskaya OV Ways and byways. Portraits. Articles and memories of OV Gzovskaya / All-Russian Theatrical Society.- M .: WTO, 1976. - 432 p.

Literature
 Russian Berlin / Compilation, preface and personalities VV Sorokina. - M .: MGU, 2003. - 368 p. - 3 000 copies. - . (A lane.) Moscow Art Theater
Actresses of the Russian Empire
Soviet expatriates in Czechoslovakia
Soviet expatriates in Germany
Soviet expatriates in Poland
Soviet expatriates in Yugoslavia
Soviet actresses
1883 births
1962 deaths
Actresses from

masks:
Olga Pernov
Olga


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
<mask> (; born 27 December 1984) is a French professional tennis player. He has a career-high ATP singles ranking of world No. 6 attained on 5 January 2009. He turned professional in 2002 and has won 14 singles titles on the ATP Tour. Personal life
<mask> was born in Nice but grew up in Fontenay-sous-Bois, outside Paris. His nickname is "Gilou". His mother is a doctor.His father works for an insurance company. <mask> has a brother. Supported by his parents, he started playing tennis at the age of six. Owing to a growth delay that runs in the family, he was shorter than most children of his age during his early teenage years. This is the reason he cites Michael Chang as a major influence, as his comparatively small frame proved that size was not the only factor in playing tennis. <mask> and his wife have two sons, born in 2010 and 2013. <mask> has admitted to liking to play video games, especially Virtua Tennis, as a hobby.Career

Early career: 2002–2005
<mask> began his professional tennis career in the summer of 2002, competing at multiple Futures tournaments in France before playing in tournaments outside the country of his birth. His first Futures title came in Lisbon, Portugal, in June 2003, and he reached the quarterfinals of three other tournaments. He then captured his second title in Jamaica in September. During 2004, he saw three wins in France and another in Algeria. In January 2005, he won his first ATP Challenger hard court tournament in Nouméa, New Caledonia, and defended it the following year. Ranked as world no. 113, <mask> made his Grand Slam debut at the 2005 French Open, losing in the first

masks:
Gilles Simon
Gilles Simon
Gilles
Simon
Simon
Simon
Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts:
 round to Olivier Patience in four sets.2006: Reaching the Top 50
<mask> competed at the first grand slam of the year, the Australian Open, where he beat Nicolás Massú and Tomáš Berdych before being defeated by No. 13 Thomas Johansson in the third round. After his result in the tournament, he broke into the top 100 for the first time, climbing to no. 89. The Frenchman reached his first ATP Tour final in Valencia with wins over Andreas Seppi in the quarterfinal and Fernando Verdasco in the semifinal, but lost to Nicolás Almagro. He also made it to the semifinals in Casablanca, as well as the round of 16 in both the ATP Masters Series tournaments in Monte Carlo and Hamburg. At the end of the year <mask> was ranked 45th in the world.2007: 1st & 2nd ATP titles
At the beginning of the year, <mask> won his first ATP title at the Open 13 in, Marseille, France. En route to the final, <mask> beat Lleyton Hewitt, Jonas Björkman, and Robin Söderling. In the final, <mask> defeated Marcus Baghdatis. In September, he won his second title of the year and of his career at the BCR Open Romania in Bucharest, Romania. He defeated Victor Hănescu in the final He broke into the top 30 for the first time on November 5 and finished the year as no. 29 in the world. By the end of the year, his career record against top-10 players was 4–5.2008: Reaching the top 10
<mask> reached the quarterfinals in Marseille, defeating world no. 3 Novak Djokovic, in the second round. He reached the semifinals in Rotterdam the next week. In May, he entered Casablanca as a qualifier due to his late entry to the tournament, even though his ranking was

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon


title: Gilles Simon

texts: high enough to be seeded. <mask> went on to win the tournament by defeating Julien Benneteau in the final. After his third-round loss to countryman Richard Gasquet at Wimbledon, <mask> left Europe for the United States to familiarize himself with the hard courts before the U.S. Open Series. He competed in the Indianapolis Tennis Championships and hit a career-best no.25. He beat Tommy Haas and Sam Querrey before reaching the final. He won the tournament by beating the defending champion Dmitry Tursunov in straight sets. The following week, he competed at the Rogers Cup in Toronto, including a win over world no. 1 Roger Federer in the second round, before losing in the semifinals to German veteran Nicolas Kiefer. This resulted in an entry into the top 15, three ranks behind the French no. 1, Richard Gasquet.<mask> participated in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, playing in the singles for France alongside Paul-Henri Mathieu, Michaël Llodra, and Gaël Monfils. He played doubles with Monfils, but lost in the first round to the Indian team of Bhupathi and Paes. In singles the Frenchman reached the third round, with victories over the Swede Robin Söderling and the Argentine Guillermo Cañas before falling to James Blake. At the US Open, <mask> was seeded number 16. On day 6, he lost in the third round to the 17th seed Juan Martín del Potro, in a five-set match that lasted 3 hours and 47 minutes. On September 14, <mask> won his third title of the year and fifth ATP title, defeating Carlos Moyà at the 2008 BCR Open Romania. <mask> entered the 2008 Madrid Masters the following month, defeating no.11 James Blake


title: Gilles Simon

texts: and no. 14 Ivo Karlović to reach the semifinals. In the semifinals, he defeated world no. 1 Rafael Nadal in three sets, in a match that lasted 3 hours and 23 minutes. <mask> lost the final to world no.4 Andy Murray in straight sets. The tournament boosted <mask> to a career-high world no. 10, displacing Richard Gasquet as French no.1. By the end of 2008, France had four players in the top 20 (<mask>, Tsonga, Gasquet, and Monfils), for the first time since computer rankings were established in 1973. The French paper L'Equipe grouped the four player as néo-Mousquetaires. French TV Canal+ went on to produce a documentary series that followed the four French players and their touring around the world. The series "Les 4 Mousquetaires" went on the air for two seasons during 2009 and 2010. On November 3, he qualified for the Tennis Masters Cup, a tournament usually reserved for the world's top eight players in Shanghai, after Rafael Nadal withdrew due to knee complications and fatigue. He was drawn in the red group with Roger Federer, Andy Murray, and Andy Roddick.In his first round-robin match, he beat defending champion Federer. <mask> lost to Murray in his next match, but followed it with a victory over Radek Štěpánek, who replaced the injured Roddick. After Murray defeated Federer in the final round-robin match, <mask> qualified for the semifinals, where he lost to world no. 3 Novak Djokovic in three sets. After this, he achieved a career high of world no. 7. In December, he played in the newly formed Masters France exhibition tournament for the eight French players who had performed best at the four French

masks: Simon Simon Simon Simon Simon