title: Edmund Husserl

texts:
 University Press. Zahavi, Dan, 2003. Husserl's Phenomenology. Stanford: Stanford University Press.External links

Husserl archives
 Husserl-Archives Leuven, the main Husserl-Archive in Leuven, International Centre for Phenomenological Research. Husserliana: <mask>l Gesammelte Werke, the ongoing critical edition of Husserl's works. Husserliana: Materialien, edition for lectures and shorter works. <mask> Collected Works, English translation of Husserl's works. Husserl-Archives at the University of Cologne. Husserl-Archives Freiburg. Archives Husserl de Paris, at the École normale supérieure, Paris.Other links

 Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "<mask> (1859–1938). – Marianne Sawicki. Accessed 2011-04-28. Papers on <mask>l by Barry Smith
 English translation of "Vienna Lecture" (1935): "Philosophy and the Crisis of European Humanity"
 The Husserl Page by Bob Sandmeyer. Includes a number of online texts in German and English. Husserl.net, open content project. "<mask>l: Formal Ontology and Transcendental Logic."Resource guide on Husserl's logic and formal ontology, with annotated bibliography. The Husserl Circle. Cartesian Meditations in Internet Archive
 Ideas, Part I in Internet Archive
 <mask> on the Open Commons of Phenomenology. Complete bibliography and links to all German texts,

masks:
Edmund Husser
Edmund Husserl
Edmund Husserl
Edmund Husser
Edmund Husser
Edmund Husserl


title: Barry Creyton

type: original

texts:
<mask> (born 1939, Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian actor and playwright. Creyton began his professional career in radio and revue in Melbourne, Australia and became well known in Sydney starring in and writing popular comedy-melodramas at the Music Hall theatre-restaurant in Neutral Bay. He gained national prominence in 1964–66, as one of the original stars and writers of the topical comedy revue TV series The Mavis Bramston Show. Creyton also spent time in the United Kingdom, where he appeared in British comedy television series including Doctor in the House. Following his return to Australia, he appeared in television series such as The Sullivans and Carson's Law. Creyton has been a theatre performer since 1957 and stage work has included theatrical versions of Don's Party and The Naked Vicar Show. Creyton now works in the United States.Family history
<mask> is the great grandson of Shakespearean actor William Hoskins. Hoskins was a leading member of the Samuel Phelps company at Sadler's Wells and tutor to a young Sir Henry Irving, securing Irving's first acting job for him. Hoskins emigrated to Australia in 1856 to take up management of a theatre. The teenage Irving intended to accompany him, but family duties detained him in England where he went on to become the greatest exponent of Shakespeare of 19th Century British theatre. Irving never forgot Hoskins and paid warm tribute in his autobiography. As actor-manager, Hoskins played in Sydney, Melbourne, New Zealand and America and his performances became legend in their time. He died in New Zealand in 1886 and his obituary stated "as a student and critical reader of Shakespeare, he had certainly no superiors in any part of the world".Of Welsh descent, Creyton's grandfather was born Thomas George Parry in New Zealand and was adopted at birth by Hoskins who later trained him as an actor. Wanting to succeed on his own merits, he changed his name for the stage to <mask>. Creyton left New Zealand for Australia in 1897 and

masks:
Barry Creyton
Creyton
Paul Creyton


title: Barry Creyton

texts:
 performed in Sydney and Melbourne before establishing his own repertory company in Queensland. TV career
In 1964 Creyton was recruited by Carol Raye to co-star in the topical satire TV series The Mavis Bramston Show; he appeared weekly between 1964 and 1966, and also wrote sketch material and composed music, including the show's theme Togetherness. He also authored two successful plays for Sydney's Music Hall theatre-restaurant—Lady Audley's Secret, in which he also starred, played for a year in Sydney and was produced on two subsequent occasions in Melbourne;  How The West Was Lost, a satire on the TV western genre, also ran for a year in Sydney. During this period, he wrote a weekly newspaper column, composed music for the popular Phillip Street Revue and The Downstairs Revue, and recorded two best-selling comedy LPs with Noeline Brown, which are among the first comedy albums ever produced in Australia. He went on to star in his own TV series The <mask>ton Show, and several dramatic plays for ABC Television.United Kingdom
Creyton moved to England for nine years, playing in comedy, dramatic roles and revue in the West End. He appeared in Don's Party directed by Michael Blakemore at the Royal Court, Roger's Lost Stand at the Duke of York's, Ten Years Hard at the Mayfair, the musical Liz, several revues and a national tour of Abelard and Eloise. He also appeared in episodes of TV series, including Take Three Girls, Doctor in Charge, The Expert and Kindly Leave The Curb. He played a leading role in the BBC's radio soap opera Waggoner's Walk, and was a frequent broadcaster for the BBC World Service. He also wrote a farce for the stage, Follow That Husband, which was produced by Ray Cooney. Return to Australia
In 1977, Creyton returned to Australia, where he starred in the stage production of the revue The Naked Vicar Show. During the next ten years he worked in TV, the movies and the theatre.He starred in Alan Ayckbourn's Bedroom Farce, Season's Greetings and Absurd Person Singular,


title: Barry Creyton

texts:
 Rome and toured Italy in 2002. In 2002, a prestigious production won acclaim in Vienna. In 1988, <mask> was honoured with the Norman Kessel Memorial Award for his contributions to Australian theatre as actor, playwright and director. America
Since 1989, he has worked almost exclusively in the United States where he has written movies-of-the-week for TV. He wrote all the sketch material for the off Broadway revue Secrets Every Smart Traveler Should Know which ran for two and a half years in New York. In January 1996, after a seven-year absence, Creyton returned to Australia to star in the Queensland Theatre Company's production of Noël Coward's Blithe Spirit.Its success encouraged him to return to Sydney to direct and star in his own play Valentine's Day at Marian Street Theatre where it played to capacity. Valentine’s Day is currently playing in Germany (Valentinstag) and in the Netherlands (Valentijnsdag). Australian revivals were produced in 2005 and 2007 and a revival of Double Act (the fifth in Australia) began a national tour in 2006. Two years later, he wrote, directed and starred in the bitter-sweet comedy Later Than Spring, also for Marian Street and to critical acclaim. In 2007 he again co-starred with Noeline Brown in the British play Glorious at the Ensemble, Sydney. His novels, The Dogs of Pompeii and Nero Goes to Rome, co-authored with American writer Vaughan Edwards, are published by Random House. Discography

Albums

References

Further reading

 "The Dictionary of Performing Arts in Australia — Theatre .Film . Radio . Television — Volume 1" — Ann Atkinson, Linsay Knight, Margaret McPhee — Allen & Unwin Pty. Ltd., 1996
 "The Australian Film and Television Companion" — compiled by Tony Harrison — Simon & Schuster Australia, 1994

External links

<mask> — Playwrights
<mask> — Theatre

1939 births
Australian dramatists and playwrights
Australian male television actors
Australian male stage actors
Male actors from Brisbane
Living people
People educated at Brisbane State

masks:
Creyton
Barry Creyton
Barry Creyton


title: Philip Sidney

texts:
<mask> (30 November 1554 – 17 October 1586) was an English poet, courtier, scholar and soldier who is remembered as one of the most prominent figures of the Elizabethan age. His works include Astrophel and Stella, The Defence of Poesy (also known as The Defence of Poetry or An Apology for Poetry) and The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. Early life
Born at Penshurst Place, Kent, of an aristocratic family, he was educated at Shrewsbury School and Christ Church, Oxford. He was the eldest son of Sir <mask> and Lady Mary Dudley. His mother was the eldest daughter of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland, and the sister of Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester. His younger brother, <mask> was a statesman and patron of the arts, and was created Earl of Leicester in 1618. His younger sister, Mary, married Henry Herbert, 2nd Earl of Pembroke and was a writer, translator and literary patron.<mask> dedicated his longest work, the Arcadia, to her. After her brother's death, Mary reworked the Arcadia, which became known as The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia. Politics and marriage
In 1572, at the age of 18, he was elected to Parliament as a Member of Parliament for Shrewsbury and in the same year travelled to France as part of the embassy to negotiate a marriage between Elizabeth I and the Duc D'Alençon. He spent the next several years in mainland Europe, moving through Germany, Italy, Poland, the Kingdom of Hungary and Austria.

masks:
Sir Philip Sidney
Henry Sidney
Robert Sidney
Sidney


title: Philip Sidney

texts: On these travels, he met a number of prominent European intellectuals and politicians. Returning to England in 1575, <mask> met Penelope Devereux (who would later marry Robert Rich, 1st Earl of Warwick). Although much younger, she would inspire his famous sonnet sequence of the 1580s, Astrophel and Stella.Her father, Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex, was said to have planned to marry his daughter to <mask>, but he died in 1576 and this did not occur. In England, <mask> occupied himself with politics and art. He defended his father's administration of Ireland in a lengthy document. More seriously, he quarrelled with Edward de Vere, 17th Earl of Oxford, probably because of <mask>'s opposition to the French marriage of Elizabeth to the much younger Alençon, which de Vere championed. In the aftermath of this episode, <mask> challenged de Vere to a duel, which Elizabeth forbade. He then wrote a lengthy letter to the Queen detailing the foolishness of the French marriage. Characteristically, Elizabeth bristled at his presumption, and <mask> prudently retired from court.During a 1577 diplomatic visit to Prague, <mask> secretly visited the exiled Jesuit priest Edmund Campion. <mask> had returned to court by the middle of 1581 and in 1584 was MP for Kent. That same year Penelope Devereux was married, apparently against her will, to Lord Rich. <mask> was knighted in 1583. An early arrangement to marry Anne Cecil, daughter

masks: Sidney Sidney Sidney Sidney Sidney Sidney Sidney Sidney Sidney


title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 of Sir William Cecil and eventual wife of de Vere, had fallen through in 1571. In 1583, he married Frances, the 16-year-old daughter of Sir Francis Walsingham. In the same year, he made a visit to Oxford University with Giordano Bruno, the polymath known for his cosmological theories, such as affirming Copernicus at a time when many others did not, and speculating that the stars were other suns with planets, among other ideas, and who subsequently dedicated two books to <mask>.In 1585 the couple had one daughter, Elizabeth, who later married Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland, in March 1599 and died without issue in 1612. <ref>N. E. McClure, ed. The Letters of Chamberlain, John Philadelphia, 1939, Vol II, p. 377</ref>Hutchinson, Robert (2007) Elizabeth's Spy Master: Francis Walsingham and the Secret War that Saved England. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. , pp. 266–267.Literary writings
Like the best of the Elizabethans, <mask> was successful in more than one branch of literature, but none of his work was published during his lifetime. His finest achievement was a sequence of 108 love sonnets. These owe much to Petrarch and Pierre de Ronsard in tone and style, and place <mask> as the greatest Elizabethan sonneteer after Shakespeare. Written to his mistress, Lady Penelope Rich, though dedicated to his wife, they reveal true lyric emotion couched in a language delicately archaic. In form <mask> usually adopts the

masks: Sidney Sidney Sidney Sidney


title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 Petrarchan octave (ABBAABBA), with variations in the sestet that include the English final couplet. His artistic contacts were more peaceful and significant for his lasting fame. During his absence from court, he wrote Astrophel and Stella (1591) and the first draft of The Arcadia and The Defence of Poesy.His pastoral romance The Arcadia (1598) is an intricate love story, embodying the ideals of the medieval chivalry, so congenial to <mask>'s own spirit. The story is diffused and involved, and the many secondary love stories interwoven with the main one distract attention. The characters are vague and idealized. The style, in its strength and its weaknesses, is that of a poet writing prose; melodious, picturesque, rather artificial and ornamental. The story contains a number of fine lyrics. Somewhat earlier, he had met Edmund Spenser, who dedicated The Shepheardes Calender to him. Other literary contacts included membership, along with his friends and fellow poets Fulke Greville, Edward Dyer, Edmund Spenser and Gabriel Harvey, of the (possibly fictitious) "Areopagus", a humanist endeavour to classicise English verse.Military activity
<mask> played a brilliant part in the military/literary/courtly life common to the young nobles of the time. Both his family heritage and his personal experience (he was in Walsingham's house in Paris during the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre), confirmed him as a keenly militant

masks: Sidney Sidney


title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 Protestant. In the 1570s, he persuaded John Casimir to consider proposals for a united Protestant effort against the Catholic Church and Spain. In the early 1580s, he argued fruitlessly for an assault on Spain itself. Promoted General of Horse in 1583, his enthusiasm for the Protestant struggle was given free rein when he was appointed governor of Flushing in the Netherlands in 1585. Whilst in the Netherlands, he consistently urged boldness on his superior, his uncle the Earl of Leicester. He carried out a successful raid on Spanish forces near Axel in July 1586.At the age of 31 he was mortally wounded at Zutphen in the Netherlands, when assisting the Dutch against the Spaniards. Injury and death

Later that year, he joined Sir John Norris in the Battle of Zutphen, fighting for the Protestant cause against the Spanish. During the battle, he was shot in the thigh and died of gangrene 26 days later, at the age of 31. One account says this death was avoidable and heroic. <mask> noticed that one of his men was not fully armoured. He put off his thigh armour on the grounds that it would be wrong to be better armored than his men. As he lay dying, <mask> composed a song to be sung by his deathbed.According to the story, while lying wounded he gave his water to another wounded soldier, saying, "Thy necessity is yet greater than mine". This became possibly the most famous story about Sir <mask>, intended to illustrate his

masks: Sidney Sidney Philip


title: Philip Sidney

texts: noble and gallant character. It also inspired evolutionary biologist John Maynard Smith to formulate a problem in signalling theory which is known as the Sir <mask> game. <mask>'s body was returned to London and interred in Old St Paul's Cathedral on 16 February 1587. The grave and monument were destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666. A modern monument in the crypt lists his among the important graves lost. Already during his own lifetime, but even more after his death, he had become for many English people the very epitome of a Castiglione courtier: learned and politic, but at the same time generous, brave, and impulsive.The funeral procession was one of the most elaborate ever staged, so much so that his father-in-law, Francis Walsingham, almost went bankrupt. As <mask> was a brother of the Worshipful Company of Grocers, the procession included 120 of his company brethren. Never more than a marginal figure in the politics of his time, he was memorialised as the flower of English manhood in Edmund Spenser's Astrophel, one of the greatest English Renaissance elegies. An early biography of <mask> was written by his friend and schoolfellow, Fulke Greville. While <mask> was traditionally depicted as a staunch and unwavering Protestant, recent biographers such as Katherine Duncan-Jones have suggested that his religious loyalties were more ambiguous. He was known to be friendly and sympathetic towards individual

masks:
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Sidney
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title: Philip Sidney

texts: Catholics. WorksThe Lady of May – This is one of <mask>'s lesser-known works, a masque written and performed for Queen Elizabeth in 1578 or 1579.Astrophel and Stella – The first of the famous English sonnet sequences, Astrophel and Stella was probably composed in the early 1580s.The sonnets were well-circulated in manuscript before the first (apparently pirated) edition was printed in 1591; only in 1598 did an authorised edition reach the press. The sequence was a watershed in English Renaissance poetry. In it, <mask> partially nativised the key features of his Italian model, Petrarch: variation of emotion from poem to poem, with the attendant sense of an ongoing, but partly obscure, narrative; the philosophical trappings; the musings on the act of poetic creation itself. His experiments with rhyme scheme were no less notable; they served to free the English sonnet from the strict rhyming requirements of the Italian form.The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia – The Arcadia, by far <mask>'s most ambitious work, was as significant in its own way as his sonnets. The work is a romance that combines pastoral elements with a mood derived from the Hellenistic model of Heliodorus. In the work, that is, a highly idealised version of the shepherd's life adjoins (not always naturally) with stories of jousts, political treachery, kidnappings, battles, and rapes. As published in the sixteenth century, the narrative follows the

masks: Sidney Sidney Sidney


title: Philip Sidney

texts: Greek model: stories are nested within each other, and different storylines are intertwined.The work enjoyed great popularity for more than a century after its publication. William Shakespeare borrowed from it for the Gloucester subplot of King Lear; parts of it were also dramatised by John Day and James Shirley. According to a widely told story, King Charles I quoted lines from the book as he mounted the scaffold to be executed; Samuel Richardson named the heroine of his first novel Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded after <mask>'s Pamela. Arcadia exists in two significantly different versions. <mask> wrote an early version (the Old Arcadia) during a stay at Mary Herbert's house; this version is narrated in a straightforward, sequential manner. Later, <mask> began to revise the work on a more ambitious plan, with much more backstory about the princes, and a much more complicated story-line, with many more characters. He completed most of the first three books, but the project was unfinished at the time of his death – the third book breaks off in the middle of a sword fight.There were several early editions of the book. Fulke Greville published the revised version alone, in 1590. The Countess of Pembroke, <mask>'s sister, published a version in 1593, which pasted the last two books of the first version onto the first three books of the revision. In the 1621 version, Sir William Alexander provided a bridge to bring the


title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 two stories back into agreement. It was known in this cobbled-together fashion until the discovery, in the early twentieth century, of the earlier version.An Apology for Poetry (also known as A Defence of Poesie and The Defence of Poetry) – <mask> wrote Defence of Poetry before 1583. It has taken its place among the great critical essays in English. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, The School of Abuse, to <mask> in 1579, but <mask> primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato.In his essay, <mask> integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The essence of his defence is that poetry, by combining the liveliness of history with the ethical focus of philosophy, is more effective than either history or philosophy in rousing its readers to virtue. The work also offers important comments on Edmund Spenser and the Elizabethan stage.The Sidney Psalms – These English translations of the Psalms were completed in 1599 by <mask>'s sister Mary. In popular culture
A memorial, erected in 1986 at the location in Zutphen where he was mortally wounded by the Spanish, can be found at the entrance of a footpath (" 't Gallee") located in front of the petrol station at the Warnsveldseweg 170. In Arnhem, in front of the house in the Bakkerstraat 68, an inscription on

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Sidney
Sidney
Sidney
Philip Sidney


title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 the ground reads: "IN THIS HOUSE DIED ON THE 17 OCTOBER 1586 * SIR PHILIP SIDNEY * ENGLISH POET, DIPLOMAT AND SOLDIER, FROM HIS WOUNDS SUFFERED AT THE BATTLE OF ZUTPHEN. HE GAVE HIS LIFE FOR OUR FREEDOM". The inscription was unveiled on 17 October 2011, exactly 425 years after his death, in the presence of <mask>, 2nd Viscount De L'Isle, a descendant of the brother of <mask>.The city of Sidney, Ohio, in the United States and a street in Zutphen, Netherlands, have been named after Sir <mask>. A statue of him can be found in the park at the Coehoornsingel where, in the harsh winter of 1795, English and Hanoverian soldiers were buried who had died while retreating from advancing French troops. Another statue of <mask>, by Arthur George Walker, forms the centrepiece of the Old Salopians Memorial at Shrewsbury School to alumni who died serving in World War I (unveiled 1924). In the Monty Python's Flying Circus sketches "Tudor Jobs Agency", "Pornographic Bookshop" and "Elizabethan Pornography Smugglers" (Season 3, episode 10), Superintendent Gaskell of the vice squad is referred to as Sir <mask> by those around him. An epitaph of Sir <mask>:
"England has his body, for she it fed;
Netherlands his blood, in her defence shed;
The Heavens have his soul,
The Arts have his fame,
The soldier his grief,
The world his good name." He is a regular character in the novels about Giordano Bruno, written by S.J. Parris: Heresy,

masks:
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Philip Sidney
Philip
Sidney
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Philip Sidney


title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 Prophecy, Sacrilege, Treachery, Conspiracy and Execution.Sir <mask> was the archetypal heroic courtier of the Elizabethan era, acclaimed as much for his sonnets as his bravery, handsome looks and sense of ideal romance. He was the inspiration for romanticised lyrics with an Elizabethan theme in popular music. He died tragically young whilst still in his 30s, 32 to be precise, an eternal wooer laid to rest in Old St Paul's Cathedral, London. The pop song Love Letters in the Sand, sung by Pat Boone and others, is thought to allude to Sir <mask>. References

Further reading
Works
The Poems of Sir <mask>, ed. William A. Ringler. Oxford University Press, 1962.The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia, ed. Maurice Evans. Penguin Books, 1997. The Sidney Psalms, completed by <mask> Herbert, Countess of Pembroke, ed. R.E. Pritchard. Fyfield Books.Books
Alexander, Gavin. Writing After Sidney: the literary response to Sir <mask> 1586–1640. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Allen, M. J. B. et al. Sir <mask>'s Achievements. New York: AMS Press, 1990.Craig, D. H. "A Hybrid Growth: <mask>'s Theory of Poetry in An Apology for Poetry." Essential Articles for the Study of Sir <mask>. Ed. Arthur F. Kinney. Hamden: Archon Books, 1986. Davies, Norman. Europe: A History.London: Pimlico, 1997. Duncan-Jones, Katherine. Sir <mask>: Courtier Poet. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1991. Frye, Northrup. Words With Power: Being a

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Philip Sidney
Philip Sidney
Mary Sidney
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Philip Sidney
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title: Philip Sidney

texts: Second Study of the Bible and Literature. Toronto: Penguin Books, 1992.Garrett, Martin. Ed. Sidney: the Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1996. Greville, Fulke.Life of the Renowned Sir <mask>. London, 1652. Hale, John.The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance. New York: Atheeum, 1994. Jasinski, James. Sourcebook on Rhetoric: Key Concepts in Contemporary Rhetorical Studies. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2001. Kimbrough, Robert. Sir <mask>.New York: Twayne Publishers, Inc., 1971. Kuin, Roger (ed. ), "The Correspondence of Sir <mask>". 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. Leitch, Vincent B., Ed. The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism.New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2001. Lewis, C. S. English Literature in the Sixteenth Century, Excluding Drama. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1954. Robertson, Jean. "<mask>." In The Spenser Encyclopedia. eds.A. C. Hamilton et al. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. "A Defence of Poetry." In Shelley’s Poetry and Prose: A Norton Critical Edition. 2nd ed. Eds.Donald H. Reiman and Neil Fraistat. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2002. <mask>, <mask>. A Defence of Poesie and Poems. London: Cassell and Company, 1891. Van Dorsten, Jan, et al. <mask> <mask>: 1586 and the Creation of a Legend.Leiden: Brill, 1986. Woudhuysen, H. R., <mask> <mask> and the Circulation of Manuscripts, 1558-1640, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996The

masks:
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Philip Sidney
Philip Sidney
Philip Sidney
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title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 Cambridge History of English and American Literature. Volume 3. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1910. Articles
Acheson, Kathy. "'Outrage your face': Anti-Theatricality and Gender in Early Modern Closet Drama by Women." Early Modern Literary Studies 6.3 (January, 2001): 7.1–16.21 October 2005. Bear, R. S. "Defence of Poesie: Introduction. In Renascence Editions. 21 October 2005. Griffiths, Matthew. English Court Poets and Petrarchism: Wyatt, <mask> and Spenser. 25 November 2005.Harvey, Elizabeth D<mask>, <mask>. In The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory & Criticism. 25 November 2005. Knauss, Daniel, <mask>. Love’s Refinement: Metaphysical Expressions of Desire in <mask> and John Donne., Master's Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the North Carolina State University. 25 November 2005. Maley, Willy.Cultural Materialism and New Historicism. 8 November 2005
Mitsi, Efterpi. The "Popular Philosopher": Plato, Poetry, and Food in Tudor Aesthetics. In Early Modern Literary Studies. 9 November 2004. Pask, Kevin. "The "mannes state" of <mask>: Pre-scripting the Life of the Poet in England."25 November 2005. Staff. Sir <mask> 1554–1586, Poets' Graves. Accessed 26 May 2008

Other
Stump, Donald (ed). "Sir <mask>: World Bibliography, Saint Louis University. Accessed 26 May 2008. "This site is the largest collection of bibliographic references on <mask> in existence.It includes all the items originally published in Sir

masks:
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. Sidney
Sir Philip
Philip
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title: Philip Sidney

texts:
 <mask>: An Annotated Bibliography of Texts and Criticism, 1554–1984'' (New York: G.K. Hall, Macmillan 1994) as well updates from 1985 to the present." External links

A Restoration in Contemporary English of the Complete 1593 Edition of The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia by Charles Stanley Ross and Joel B. Davis

 The Correspondence of <mask> in EMLO

 Audio: Robert Pinsky reads "My True Love Hath My Heart and I Have His" by <mask> (via poemsoutloud.net)

English knights
16th-century English poets
<mask>neteers
1554 births
1586 deaths
English courtiers
16th-century English diplomats
16th-century English soldiers
16th-century English novelists
People of the Elizabethan era
People educated at Shrewsbury School
People from Penshurst
English military personnel killed in action
English people of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
Ambassadors of England to the Netherlands
Deaths from gangrene
English MPs 1572–1583
English MPs 1584–1585
British male poets
English male novelists
Burials at St Paul's Cathedral
Court of Elizabeth I
Knights

masks:
Philip Sidney
Philip Sidney
Philip Sidney
Philip Son


title: Harold Town

texts:
<mask>, OC (June 13, 1924 – December 27, 1990)  was a Canadian abstract painter. He is best known as a member of Painters Eleven a group of abstract artists active in Toronto from 1954-1960. <mask> coined the name of the group, which was based simply on the number of artists that were present the first meeting. He also worked as an illustrator, a profession he credited with imparting a sense of discipline that would last throughout his entire artistic career. His early illustrative appeared in magazines such as Maclean's and Mayfair. Life and work
<mask> was trained at Western Technical-Commercial School  and Ontario College of Art, both in Toronto. The Royal Ontario Museum was an early source of inspiration, especially its East Asian prints and ceramics, and the Mesopotamian and Egyptian antiquities.His exposure to the diverse artistry of these works gave <mask> what he called a global horizon, a new outlook, which would influence his work as a commercial artist and inspire his first attempts at abstract art. His early work also reflected his interest in Pablo Picasso and Willem de Kooning. <mask> developed his own innovative collage technique, which was highly acclaimed His collages have been described by Gerta Moray in Harold Town: Life & Work as similar to his paintings in the way they resemble areas of drawing in ink or paint. He also juxtaposed contrasting or unexpected textures and fragments taken from everyday sources, that lead the viewer to unexpected viewing. Known as an unpredictable painter
<mask>'s work moved quickly from a dark expressionist style to abstraction which contrasted vivid colours. Highly eclectic, <mask>’s work rigorously explored a wide

masks:
Harold Barling Town
Town
Harold Town
Town
Town
Town
Town


title: Harold Town

texts: range of contemporary and historical styles, anticipating postmodern practices. His pluralistic artistic method incorporated a variety of media and styles simultaneously, and assimilated complex artistic traditions, which he used to reflect his own personal experience.In the 1960s, <mask> developed a style of prints which he called Single Autographic Prints, a phrase he never explained. These monotype prints were colourful and delicate, winning Town awards in Ljubljana, Yugoslavia and Santiago, Chile, where the prints were acquired by the Solomon Guggenheim Museum and the Museum of Modern Art. Alfred Barr, the director of Museum of Modern Art at the time, called <mask> one of the world's greatest printmakers. Roald Nasgaard describes these prints as being of great finesse and subtlety. Described as a Canadian loyalist, <mask> was unwavering in his commitment to proving that internationally important and innovative art could develop in Toronto. Through his early success and his insistence on maintaining his roots in Toronto, <mask> helped foster a new confidence and maturity in the Canadian art scene of the late 1950s. <mask> was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.In 1956, works by <mask> along with those of Jack Shadbolt and Louis Archambault represented Canada at the Venice Biennale. In 1964, <mask> and Elza Mayhew were chosen to represent Canada at the Venice Biennale. <mask>'s work also represented Canada at the São Paulo Art Biennial in 1957 and 1961. He was recognized with the Biennale de São Paulo’s Arno Award in 1957. York University granted him an honorary doctorate in 1966. He was made an Officer of the Order of Canada in 1968. <mask> had

masks:
Town
Town
Harold Town
Town
Honours Town
Town
Town
Town
Town


title: Harold Town

texts:
 retrospective exhibitions at the Art Gallery of Windsor in 1975 and the Art Gallery of Ontario in 1986.The Harold Town Conservation Area in Peterborough ON is named after <mask>, who owned this property from the mid 1970s until the early 1990s; it was previously referred to as Old Orchard Farm. <mask> enjoyed this property as his personal retreat until his passing. On April 11, 1994, the property was donated to Otonabee Conservation by <mask>’s estate. The property was then named in his memory and was dedicated as a park for public purposes, as requested by the estate. Painters Eleven

In the late 1940s <mask> met Walter Yarwood and others involved in avant-garde art in Toronto and although he was not included in the Abstracts at Home exhibition held in 1953 at the Robert Simpson Company, Toronto, he joined Painters Eleven when the group was formed later that year. In Canada's conservative art world their early exhibitions were met with disdain. Nevertheless, Painters Eleven attracted exposure in the United States with a successful exhibition, Twentieth Annual Exhibition of American Abstract Artists with 'Painters Eleven' of Canada in 1956, with the American Abstract Artists at the Riverside Museum in New York, and were praised by the influential critic Clement Greenberg on a visit he paid to Toronto in 1957.In the Canadian press, the group's most ardent supporters were art critic Robert Fulford and Pearl McCarthy, art critic of the Globe and Mail. The group formally disbanded in 1960. Notes

Further reading
 Broad, Graham. "Art Shock in Toronto: Painters Eleven, The Shock of the New." The Beaver, Canada’s History Magazine Vol. 84:1 (2004). Burnett, David G.

masks: Town Town Town Town


title: Harold Town

texts:
 <mask>.Toronto: Art Gallery of Ontario, 1986. Fulford, Robert. "Introduction." Magnificent Decade: The Art of Harold Town, 1955-1965. Toronto: The Moore Gallery, 1997. Moray, Gerta. Harold Town: Life & Work.Toronto: Art Canada Institute, 2014. Nasgaard, Roald. Abstract Painting in Canada. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre, 2008. Withrow, William J. Contemporary Canadian Painting. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1972.Nowell, Iris. "Hot Breakfast For Sparrows: My Life With <mask> Town," Toronto; Stoddart Publishing, 1992,
 Nowell, Iris. "Painters Eleven: The Wild Ones of Canadian Art," Vancouver: Doublas & McIntyre, 2010. External links
Robert Fulford's essay on Harold Town
CBC Radio interview with Harold Town
Harold Town at The Canadian Encyclopedia
Clara Thomas Archives and Special Collections, York University - Archival photographs of Harold Town from the Toronto Telegram fonds. Official Harold Town website
Harold Town fonds (R5740) at Library and Archives Canada

20th-century Canadian painters
Canadian male painters
Canadian printmakers
Canadian abstract artists
Canadian illustrators
1924 births
1990 deaths
Artists from Toronto
Members of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Officers of the Order of Canada
20th-century printmakers
Canadian contemporary

masks: Town Harold


title: Ray Harford

texts:
<mask> (1 June 1945 – 9 August 2003) was an English footballer, better known for his successes as a coach and manager than as a player. He is considered to have been one of the top coaches of his generation. During his playing days he was a centre-half, and made 354 league appearances in an eleven-year career in the Football League. He began at Charlton Athletic as a youth player in 1960, though only managed three league appearances before his departure in 1966, when he joined Exeter City. He then moved on to Lincoln City, making 161 league appearances for the club before his departure to Mansfield Town. He was bought by Port Vale for a £5,000 fee in December 1971, who then sold him on to Colchester United in February 1973 for £1,750. He helped Colchester to promotion out of the Fourth Division in 1973–74, before he moved into non-League football with Romford in 1975, before retiring due to a knee injury.He was appointed as Fulham manager in April 1984, though he resigned in June 1986 after a financial crisis led to his team suffering relegation. He took charge at Luton Town in June 1987, and led the club to the final of the League Cup in 1988 and 1989, as Luton won the cup in 1988 before tasting defeat in 1989. Sacked in January 1990, he was appointed Wimbledon manager in the summer, before he resigned in October 1991. After spending four years as Kenny Dalglish's assistant, he was promoted to manager at Blackburn Rovers in June 1995, though he resigned in October 1996 following the sale of star striker Alan Shearer. Taking charge at West Bromwich Albion in February 1997, he switched clubs to Queens Park Rangers ten months later. He was sacked in September 1998, and subsequently became a coach at Millwall; he was still on the coaching staff at the club at the time of his death. Playing career
He was born in Halifax but grew up in south London.He started his playing career as a centre-half at Charlton Athletic as an amateur in May 1961, turning professional at Frank Hill's Second Division side in May 1964. He played his first senior game in 1966,


title: Ray Harford

texts:
 but soon left for Fourth Division Exeter City, where he played 55 games in less than two years. In 1967, he signed with Lincoln City, then in the Fourth Division and led by Ron Gray. The "Imps" missed out on promotion by five points in 1968–69 and finished eighth in 1969–70, before dropping down to the re-election zone under Bert Loxley in 1970–71. <mask> had played close to 200 games in four years at Sincil Bank. In 1971, he secured a move to Third Division Mansfield Town, quickly followed by a move to league rivals Port Vale in December 1971, whose manager Gordon Lee paid Mansfield £5,000 for his services. He was a regular for the rest of the season, but fell out of favour in August 1972.In January 1973 he was loaned out to Jim Smith's Colchester United, before the deal was made permanent the next month for a price of £1,750. The Layer Road side finished in the Football League's re-election zone in 1972–73, with <mask> making 21 appearances, scoring one goal. The "U's" secured promotion in 1973–74 with a third-place finish; <mask> was also given the Colchester United Player of the Year award in 1974 for his performances in this 48 games that season. After another 49 appearances in the 1974–75 campaign, he left the United to play for non-league Romford. The next year knee troubles ended his playing career, and he returned to Colchester as youth coach in September 1975. Managerial career

Fulham
In 1982, <mask> was appointed assistant manager at Fulham under Malcolm Macdonald, helping the side finish fourth in the Second Division a year after promotion – one place short of promotion to the First Division. In April 1984, he was promoted to the position of manager, and his first full season as a manager was reasonably successful, with the club managing a ninth-place finish, nine points off promotion.At the end of the season, however, it emerged that the club had fallen into severe financial difficulties, forcing the sale of most of the first team. Harford was able to cobble together a side for the next season from free transfers and youth players,

masks: Harford Harford Harford Harford


title: Ray Harford

texts:
 but it wasn't enough. The side were relegated by a huge margin, and Harford resigned shortly afterwards. Luton Town
In the summer of 1986, Luton Town manager David Pleat resigned and was replaced by John Moore. <mask> was signed by Luton as assistant manager and helped the club finish seventh in the old First Division. At the end of the 1986–87 season, Moore resigned as manager and <mask> was promoted as his replacement. It proved to be an impressive decision.In his first season as Luton manager, <mask> guided the Kenilworth Road club to a 3–2 win over Arsenal in the League Cup final – the club's first ever major trophy. But Luton were forbidden to enter the 1988–89 UEFA Cup because the ban on English teams in European competition arising from the 1985 Heysel Stadium disaster still had two years to run. They also reached the FA Cup semi-finals that year, losing 2–1 to eventual winners Wimbledon – which made Luton the latest of several clubs to have come close to winning the then elusive domestic cup double. In 1988–89 Luton again reached the League Cup final but surrendered their crown after losing 3–1 to Nottingham Forest. By the following January, Luton were battling against relegation to the Second Division and <mask> was controversially sacked – the relegation battle was won by his successor Jim Ryan who remained in charge until the end of the following season, when he was sacked even though Luton had avoided relegation again. Wimbledon
Soon after being sacked as manager of Luton, <mask> was recruited by Wimbledon as assistant manager to Bobby Gould, succeeding Don Howe who had been appointed manager of Queens Park Rangers. The partnership lasted just five months until July 1990, when Gould was sacked from his post and for the third time in his career <mask> was promoted from the position of assistant manager to manager.In 1990–91, Wimbledon did well to finish seventh in the First Division and there were high hopes that the club could qualify for European competition or win one of the two domestic cups during the 1991–92 season. But Wimbledon

masks: Harford Harford Harford Harford Harford Harford


title: Ray Harford

texts:
 made a slow start to the season and <mask> resigned in October. He was briefly replaced by Peter Withe, who lasted just three months before being succeeded by Joe Kinnear. In the same month that <mask> left Wimbledon, the former Liverpool manager Kenny Dalglish had been appointed as manager of Second Division Blackburn Rovers who had been out of the top division since 1966. Their benefactor Jack Walker was determined to get the Ewood Park side into the new Premier League, which was due to start in the 1992–93 season. He made Harford an offer to become assistant manager at Blackburn and he accepted it. Blackburn Rovers

Success as assistant manager
While <mask> was assistant manager of Blackburn, he helped Kenny Dalglish in the club's quest for success.In 1992, the club won promotion to the new Premier League via the promotion playoffs. In the new Premier League in 1993, Blackburn finished fourth thanks to a side made up of mostly new players like £3.3 million record signing striker Alan Shearer, who scored 16 league goals before a serious injury sustained just before the turn of the new year ruled him out for the rest of the season. Blackburn in fact topped the league at several stages that season, but it was eventually won by Manchester United. The following season Blackburn finished runners-up to double winners Manchester United, but a consolation for the disappointment came in the form of a UEFA Cup place. For much of the season it had looked certain that the league title would be remaining at Old Trafford, but an erratic run of form by United in March meant that Blackburn drew level on points in early April (kept off the top only on goal difference) but in the end United surged to the title. In 1994–95, Blackburn suffered early exits from the UEFA Cup, FA Cup and League Cup but their league form was excellent. On the final day of the season, they lost 2–1 to Dalglish's old club Liverpool but their nearest rivals Manchester United were unable to beat West Ham United and the English league championship went to Blackburn Rovers for the first time

masks: Harford Harford Harford


title: Ray Harford

texts:
 since 1914.It was also the first time in Harford's career than he had been associated with a title winning side. A month after the title success, Kenny Dalglish was promoted to the position of Director of football and the board made an offer to Harford to fill the manager's seat. On arriving at Ewood Park he had vowed never to make a fourth move from the position of assistant manager to manager but went back on his word and accepted the offer. Frustrating time as manager
1995–96 was a frustrating season for Harford and Blackburn. Chris Sutton, Jason Wilcox and Graeme Le Saux missed a lot of games through injury, although Alan Shearer was still brilliant, with 31 Premiership goals. Despite an early exit from the 1995–96 UEFA Champions League, Blackburn improved as the season went on. Although they never looked like regaining their Premiership title, they were in contention for a UEFA Cup place until the last game of the season but lost out to Arsenal and finished seventh.It wasn't at all a bad finish, though, considering that Blackburn had been in the bottom half of the Premier League for much of the season. During the summer of 1996, Alan Shearer was sold to Newcastle United for a then world record fee of £15 million, and <mask> failed to adequately replace him. <mask> stated that "I'm told we need a big name. Engelbert Humperdinck is a big name but it doesn't mean he can play football." The 1996–97 season also started badly for Blackburn. They failed to win any of their first ten games and were knocked out of the League Cup by Division Two side Stockport. <mask> handed in his resignation on 25 October and was replaced temporarily by coach Tony Parkes, who took charge until the end of the season and guided Rovers to 13th in the final table before Roy Hodgson was appointed as permanent manager.West Bromwich Albion
In February 1997, <mask> was named as West Bromwich Albion's new manager in place of Alan Buckley. Albion were hovering just above the relegation zone in Division One (which had been a familiar pattern since their promotion in 1993) and


title: Ray Harford

texts:
 Harford did much to keep the club clear of relegation. Despite a promising start to the following season, he said that found it tiring to travel the 100+ miles from his Berkshire home to the Midlands on an almost daily basis, and in December 1997 moved to Division One rivals Queens Park Rangers. His successor, Denis Smith, claimed that <mask> had told him the real reason he decided to leave the club was that an ageing team and a lack of investment from the boardroom meant that the club were "heading for a fall". QPR
Queens Park Rangers were struggling in Division One, they had slipped from the Premiership in 1996 after 13 consecutive seasons of top division football. <mask> was appointed as successor to Stewart Houston and was hopeful of getting the club back into the Premiership. At the end of the 1997–98 season the Loftus Road club avoided relegation at the expense of Manchester City, Stoke City and Reading but the club's directors and supporters expected more.And after a poor start to the 1998–99 season, <mask> was sacked in September and replaced by Gerry Francis. Millwall
In the summer of 1999, <mask> made a return to football as first team coach under then Millwall manager Keith Stevens. Millwall had been in Division Two since 1996 and the club's directors were desperate to win promotion. Stevens was young and inexperienced, and by September 2000 the Millwall board had decided they wanted a more experienced manager so they terminated his contract. <mask> was appointed manager on a temporary basis and it seemed possible that he might be given the job permanently. But that fifth promotion from within never happened and Mark McGhee was given the job instead. <mask> remained on the club's coaching staff and was crucial in Millwall's Division Two championship that season which ended a five-year exile from the upper tier of the English league.In 2001–02, Millwall finished fourth in Division One and qualified for the promotion playoffs. Everyone at the club was hopeful that a second successive promotion could be achieved but those hopes were ended


title: Ray Harford

texts:
 in a semi-final defeat by eventual winners Birmingham City. Career statistics

Playing statistics
Source:

Managerial statistics

Retirement and death
In October 2002, <mask> was diagnosed with lung cancer and spent the rest of the season away from his job at Millwall receiving treatment for his illness. Early on the morning of 9 August 2003, <mask> died whilst he was still officially a member of the Millwall coaching staff under Mark McGhee. His funeral was held in All Saints Church, Banstead, Surrey, with many members of the football community in attendance. He was survived by wife, Maureen, and son Paul. Paul also became a professional footballer, and was on the books of Arsenal and Blackburn Rovers, but did not play a senior game for either side, although he did manage a few senior appearances in subsequent spells with Wigan Athletic and Shrewsbury Town, before a more active career at non-league level.Honours
as a player with Colchester United
Football League Fourth Division promotion winner: 1973–74
Colchester United F.C. Player of the Year: 1974

as manager of Luton Town
League Cup winner: 1988
League Cup runner-up: 1989

References

1945 births
2003 deaths
Footballers from Halifax, West Yorkshire
English footballers
Association football defenders
Charlton Athletic F.C. players
Exeter City F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Port Vale F.C. players
Colchester United F.C.players
Romford F.C. players
English Football League players
Southern Football League players
Colchester United F.C. non-playing staff
Fulham F.C. non-playing staff
English football managers
Fulham F.C. managers
Luton Town F.C. non-playing staff
Luton Town F.C. managers
Wimbledon F.C.non-playing staff
Wimbledon F.C. managers
Blackburn Rovers F.C. non-playing staff
Blackburn Rovers F.C. managers
West Bromwich Albion F.C. managers
Queens Park Rangers F.C. managers
Millwall F.C. non-playing staff
Millwall F.C.managers
Premier League managers
English Football League managers
Association football coaches
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in

masks:
Harford
Ray Harford


title: Benjamin P. Ablao Jr.

texts:
<mask>. (born ) is an independent (indie film) filmmaker and actor from the United States. He is the founder of B.P.A. Productions Group, Inc., a registered corporation with the State of Delaware. Not limited to any one particular genre, he has produced award-winning films ranging from comedy to drama to artistic to horror. Biography

Early life and education
<mask><mask>. was born in Wilmington, Delaware to <mask><mask>. and Angelita P<mask>. He is the oldest of two children, with a sister named Betsy. His parents were both of Filipino heritage, with his father being from the Philippine capital, Manila, and mother from the Philippine "summer capital", Baguio.His parents were experienced professionals in their careers. His father was a civil engineer for a private firm until his retirement in 2007, and his mother was a Medical Technologist for the State of Delaware until her retirement in 2006. His parents were active members with a local Filipino organization, the Pilipino American Association of Delaware ("PAAD"), which was very active in the performance arts and heritage celebration. His experiences growing up in the small town of Claymont, a northern suburb of Wilmington, and his early exposure to performing in school/organization talent shows would eventually resurface again in his later life. As a young boy, <mask> sang in school talent shows and performed in PAAD-sponsored Holiday / Talent events. His sister also performed for similar events and many times they sang duets together. He and his sister also took piano lessons at the urging of their mother.After high school, he enrolled at the University of Delaware as an International Relations

masks:
Benjamin James Perez Ablao Jr
Benjamin P
. Ablao Jr
Benjamin P
. Ablao Sr
. Ablao
Ablao


title: Benjamin P. Ablao Jr.

texts:
 major and continued his education there until he transferred to Widener University in 1997. He obtained his Bachelor of Science degree and Certificate in Paralegal Studies in 2003. He is currently working to obtain his Masters in Business Administration from the University of Phoenix-Philadelphia (PA) campus. Journalism
<mask> attended Wilmington's Salesianum School and took many courses in public policy, government and business. He was a member of several student organizations including Model United Nations, Stage Crew and The Review, the high school's newspaper. He also served during his junior and senior years as Acting Editor-in-Chief, Managing Editor, Art Director, and journalist for The Eye Magazine, a statewide student-run monthly magazine published by the Resource Center of the YMCA of Delaware until 1992. Because of his dedication and commitment to the magazine, the YMCA of Delaware named him a “1991 Youth Volunteer of the Year” recipient
and was asked to and served on the Board of Directors for the Resource Center of the YMCA of Delaware  from 1992 through 1993.Upon graduation from high school, he attended the University of Delaware, where he served as the propraetor (alumni secretary) for the Kappa Delta Rho Fraternity (AB Chapter) in 1994,and was responsible for the organization and publication of the fraternity newsletter. From 2000 through 2002, <mask> served as president of the Kappa Delta Rho Alumni Corporation  (AB Chapter) and editor-in-chief of the bi-annual alumni newsletter. Film beginnings and awards
While working in a financial services company in 2001, <mask> met director Anthony Spadaccini. In what started out initially as

masks: Ablao Ablao Ablao


title: Benjamin P. Ablao Jr.

texts: providing input for several film clips has grown and developed into a strong business relationship and personal friendship. Eventually Spadaccini, under the Fleet Street Films label, combined with the support from Ablao, under the B.P.A. Productions label. Fleet Street Films is a subsidiary and the independent film productions studio of B.P.A.Productions Group. <mask> has produced several short and feature films including:  "Emo Pill" (2006), “Aftermath” (2005) and “Hatred” (2006). The short film "Monday Morning" (2005)  (a tribute to the Chaplin/Keaton silent comedies) has played at numerous film festivals in the U.S. & Canada since 2005, and won 2nd place for Best Experimental Short at the 2006 Indie Gathering Film Festival. "The First Date" (2006) , the follow-up to "Monday Morning", won Best Experimental Short at the 2007 Indie Gathering Film Festival. Similarly the critically acclaimed experimental short "Emo Pill", distinguished for its beautiful & haunting imagery, has played at several festivals in the U.S. & Canada, debuting at the 2006 Newark Film Festival and winning 3rd Place for Best Experimental Short at the 2007 Indie Gathering Film Festival. Exemplary Filmmaking awards were issued for both "Emo Pill" and "Monday Morning" at the 2006 Delaware Valley Film Festival. Including “Emo Pill,” “Aftermath,” “Hatred,” and “Monday Morning,” <mask> has served as executive producer for a multitude of other productions:  “Unstable” (2005), “The Troubled Interviewee” (2002), “Glenville: Hell’s Homecoming” (2005), “Head Case" (2007) and "Amateur Porn Star Killer 2" (2008).<mask>'s acting credits include the horror short "En Passant", all by


title: Benjamin P. Ablao Jr.

texts:
 award-winning filmmaker Johnny K. Wu, and Spadaccini's "Hatred", "The First Date", and "Head Case." The latest feature film, "Head Case" (a horror pseudo-documentary), premiered at the 3rd annual Newark Film Festival, which drew in the largest crowd for a local independent film for the second straight year. <mask> has made special appearances on the local & regional media circuit such as WVUD, the University of Delaware student radio  and was a guest speaker for independent film production at Wilmington College in 2006. <mask> is currently working on promoting "Head Case", as well as producing three feature films simultaneously. In addition, he is producing a music video for Chris Watson (a contestant on the 7th season of American Idol). See also

 Bothum, <mask>. Indie Filmmakers Banking On A Bright Future.(Wilmington, Delaware), The News Journal, 2 April 2006, Pg. 2
 http://www.ymcade.org/
 https://web.archive.org/web/20080429204611/http://www.kdrab.com/
 http://www.kdr-ab.com/

References

1974 births
American male actors of Filipino descent
Living people
Male actors from Wilmington, Delaware
Widener University alumni
University of Phoenix alumni
People from Claymont, Delaware
Film directors from Arizona
Film directors from Delaware
Salesianum School

masks: Ablao Ablao Peter


title: Lucy Walter

texts:
<mask> or <mask> (c. 1630 – 1658) was a Welsh mistress of King Charles II of England and mother of James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth. She is believed to have been born in 1630 or a little later at Roch Castle near Haverfordwest, Wales, into a family of middling gentry. The question of whether King Charles had secretly married <mask> was raised during the Exclusion Crisis, when a Protestant faction wished to make her son the heir to the throne, while the king denied any marriage, and supported the claim of his brother, the Duke of York. The story goes that in 1879 the Historical Manuscripts Commission discovered an old black box amongst the Duke of Buccleuch's papers at Dalkeith, which was found to contain a contract proving Charles II had married <mask>. Biography
<mask> was born into a family of middling Welsh gentry. She was the daughter of <mask> (died 1650) of Roch Castle, near Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, and his wife Elizabeth (died 1652), daughter of John Prothero and niece of John Vaughan, 1st Earl of Carbery. She is said to have been born at Roch Castle in 1630.In 1644, the castle having been taken and destroyed by the parliamentary forces, she sought refuge in London, whence she took shipping for The Hague. Algernon Sidney told James, Duke of York, that he had given fifty gold pieces for her, but, having to join his regiment hastily, had missed his bargain. His brother, Colonel Robert Sidney secured the prize, but did not retain it long. During the summer of 1648 this "private Welshwoman", as Clarendon calls her, "of no good fame, but handsome", captivated the then Prince of Wales (later Charles II), who was at The Hague for a short while about this time. He

masks:
Lucy Walter
Lucy Barlow
Lucy Walter
Lucy Walter
Lucy Walter
William Walter


title: Lucy Walter

texts: was only eighteen, and she is often spoken of as his first mistress, but there seems good reason to suppose that he had a tryst as early as 1646, James II admits <mask>'s good looks, adding that, though she had not much wit, she had a great deal of that sort of cunning which those of her profession usually have. On 9 April 1649, <mask>'s son, James, the future Duke of Monmouth, was born in Rotterdam and recognised by Charles as his natural son. In August 1649 the respectable John Evelyn travelled with <mask> in Lord Wilmot's coach from Paris to Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and speaks of her as "a brown, beautiful, bold but insipid creature".During July and August 1649 she was with Charles at Paris and Saint-Germain, and she may have accompanied him to Jersey in September. In June 1650 Charles left her at The Hague upon embarkation for Scotland. During his absence <mask> had an affair with Theobald, 2nd Viscount Taaffe, with whom she had a daughter, Mary (born 1651). After his defeat at the Battle of Worcester in late 1651, Charles escaped from England and returned to the Continent. He made it clear to <mask> that their relationship was ended. At first she attempted to persuade Dr John Cosin that she was a convert, but that did not work. For about four years, she was involved in one scandal after another, causing so much embarrassment to the royal court in exile, that early in 1656 when she was in Cologne, the king's friends, by a promise of a pension of five thousand livres (£400 a year), persuaded her to return with her children to England.She sailed from Flushing and obtained lodgings in London over a barber's shop near Somerset House. The Lord Protector's intelligence

masks: Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy Lucy


title: Lucy Walter

texts:
 department promptly reported her as a suspected spy, and at the close of June 1656 she and her maid, Ann Hill, were arrested and sent to the Tower of London. On 16 July, after examination, she was discharged and ordered to be deported back to the Low Countries. Once back on the Continent, she travelled to Brussels and resumed her extravagant lifestyle. Her attempt to use her son as a means of influencing Charles failed. However, after the court party botched an attempt to kidnap the boy, she was persuaded in March 1658 to hand him over to a royal tutor. In September of the same year—after making a general confession to John Cosin—she died in Paris probably of venereal disease and was buried there.Children
She is known to have had two children:
 James, born at Rotterdam on 9 April 1649, who was on 14 February 1663 created Duke of Monmouth. Mary, (by Taaffe ? ), born at The Hague on 6 May 1651, who married William Sarsfield, elder brother of Patrick, Earl of Lucan, and, secondly, William Fanshawe (died 1708), master of requests, with whom she had children. Exclusion Bill and allegations of marriage to Charles II
Between 1673 and 1680 (while the Exclusion Bill agitation was maturing) a legend was prepared and industriously circulated by the country party to the effect that Charles had legally married <mask>. It was asseverated in course of time that the contract of marriage was preserved in a black box in the possession of Sir Gilbert Gerard, son-in-law of John Cosin (the bishop himself had died in 1672). In a novel which had a wide circulation it was the designing Prince of Purdino (James) who advised his brother, King Conradus of Otenia, to marry the beautiful


title: Lucy Walter

texts:
 "Lucilious", but, to avoid disgusting the Otenians, to do so with the greatest privacy imaginable, and in the presence of but two witnesses, himself and the priest (Cosin). Sir Gilbert Gerard, summoned before an extraordinary meeting of the Privy Council convened by King Charles II, stated that he knew nothing whatever of such a marriage contract; and the King issued three declarations in denial of the marriage (January, March, and June 1678).One of these declarations, signed by sixteen Privy Councillors, was entered in the council book and registered in chancery. Popular literature
 Her descendant, Lord George Scott, published a biography called <mask> Wife or Mistress. London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd, 1947. The novelist Elizabeth Goudge published a novel about <mask>, The Child from the Sea, in 1970. In the 2003 television documentary, The Boy Who Would Be King, Sandra Darnell portrays <mask>. See also
English royal mistress

Notes

References
  Endnotes:
 Steinmann, Althorp Memoirs (1869), pp. 77 seq.and Addenda (1880);
 J. S. Clarke, Life of James II. (2 vols., 1816);
Clarendon State Papers, vol. iii. (Oxford, 1869–1876);
John Evelyn, Diary, edited by W. Bray (1890). Attribution
  Endnotes: contains 23 sources. Further reading

 — A source that is critical of the tone and some of the facts (such as the daughter Mary's stated date of birth) in Thomas Seccombe's DNB article. – A source that presents the information in the same way Thomas Seccombe's DNB article but with additional details.Lucy
Mistresses of Charles II of England
1658 deaths
Year of birth uncertain
People from Haverfordwest
17th-century English women
17th-century English people
Infectious disease

masks:
Lucy Walter
Lucy
Lucy Walter


title: Dario Robleto

texts:
<mask> (born 1972) is an American transdisciplinary artist, researcher, writer, teacher and “citizen-scientist”. His research-driven practice results in intricately handcrafted objects that reflect his exploration of music, popular culture, science, war, and American history. Early life and education
<mask> was born in San Antonio, Texas, in 1972 and he received his BFA from the University of Texas at San Antonio in 1997. Work
Robleto uses unexpected materials such as melted vinyl records, dinosaur bones, meteorites, glass produced by atomic explosions, lost heartbeat recordings from the 19th century, and he transforms these artifacts from the vast inventory of humanity's collective past into delicately layered objects that are sincere and personal meditations on love, death, eroding memory, and healing. A self-described “materialist poet,” Robleto emphasizes the relationship between language and materials as a crucial component to his approach. “Liner notes,” usually in the form of a wall label, accompany many of the works, poetically detailing the sources embedded therein. A great appreciator of DJ culture, and a former DJ himself, Robleto considers his work a mixtape or “sampling” of humanity; he remixes forgotten stories and materials and reconstructs them into new artistic forms as a lens to view the future through the past.Increasingly, <mask> has been participating in activities outside the art world. In 2015 he was appointed Artist in Residence in Neuroaesthetics at the University of Houston's Cullen College of Engineering, and he was invited to co-organize the 2016 International Conference on Mobile Brain-Body Imaging and the Neuroscience of Art,

masks:
Dario Robleto
Robleto
Robleto


title: Dario Robleto

texts:
 Innovation, and Creativity., he is co-organizing year 2 of the conference in 2017. In 2015 <mask> and Contreras-Vidal coauthored a scholarly paper titled "Your Brain on Art: Emergent Cortical Dynamics During Aesthetic Experiences”. The study considered “the brain response to conceptual art [as] studied with mobile electroencephalography (EEG) to examine the neural basis of aesthetic experiences.” In February 2016, Robleto was coeditor of "Mobile Brain/Body Imaging and the Neuroscience of Art, Innovation and Creativity" in a special issue of the science journal Frontiers of Human Neuroscience. Robleto is currently one of six artists in the Artists-in-Residence program at the prestigious SETI Institute in Mountain View, CA, and in 2015 he joined a distinguished team of scientists as the artistic consultant on the Breakthrough Initiatives, which is the most extensive effort to find intelligent life beyond Earth to date. Specifically, Robleto will work on the Breakthrough Message project—a multi-national effort that aims to encourage intellectual and technical debate about how and what to communicate if the current search for intelligent beings beyond Earth is successful. Teaching and Lecturing
<mask> has been a visiting artist and lecturer at many universities and institutions including Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA; and the Hubble Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD.In 2013-2014 he served as the California College of the Arts Viola Frey Distinguished Visiting Professor, Oakland, CA, and in 2014-2016 he was an artist in residence at Maryland Institute College of Art. Most recently he was

masks: Robleto Robleto


title: Dario Robleto

texts:
 made its first marks in soot using a human hair as a stylus, and the data it produced to suggest the life cycle, from the first pulse to the final flat line. "Your Brain on Art: A New Paradigm to Study Artistic Creativity Based on the ‘Exquisite Corpse’ Using Mobile Brain-Body Imaging."Brain Art. Nijholt A. (eds) Springer, Cham
 The Heart's Knowledge Will Never Decay, Designing For Empathy: Perspectives On the Museum Experience, edited by. Elif M. Gokcigdem, 18-29. Rowman & Littlefield, 2019
 Contreras-Vidal, Jose L., Jeannie Kever, <mask> <mask>, and James Rosengren. "At the Crossroads of Art and Science: Neuroaesthetics Begins to Come into Its Own," Leonardo, Volume 52, Issue 1, February 1

2018
 Berry, Ian, Rebecca McNamara. Accelerate No.2.Saratoga Springs, NY. The Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery
 Montgomery, Harper. Copy, Translate, Repeat: Contemporary Art from the Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros. New York, NY. Hunter College Art Galleries

2017
 Contreras-Vidal, Jose Luis, <mask>, <mask>. “Looking Under the Sacred Rock: How Collaborations between Scientists and Artists Can More Deeply Probe the Mysteries of Creativity,” SCIART Magazine, August
 Contreras-Vidal, Kever, <mask>, and Rosengren, James. “At the Crossroads of Art and Science: Neuroaesthetics Begins to Come into Its Own,” Leonardo, June 20
 Cruz-Garza, Brantley, Nakagome, Kontson, Megjhani, <mask>, Contreras-Vidal.“Deployment of Mobile EEG Technology in an Art Museum Setting: Evaluation of Signal Quality and Usability,” Frontiers In Human Neuroscience, November 10

2016
 "Dreams, as Faithful as Flames.” Paper presented at International Conference on Mobile

masks: Dario Robleto Robleto Dario Robleto Robleto


title: Dario Robleto

texts:
 Reflections on [Life and Death], Museum of Contemporary Art Cleveland, Cleaveland, OH (2014)
 Art and Alchemy: The Mystery of Transformation, Munich, Germany (2014)
 MORE LOVE: ART, POLITICS, and SHARING Since the 1990s. Chapel Hill, NC: Ackland Art Museum (2014)
 110 Favorites from the Collection, The University of Texas Press, Austin, TX (2013)
Disembodied: Portrait Miniatures and Their Contemporary Relatives, The Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, OH (2013)
 <mask> Robleto: Prelives of the Blues, New Orleans Museum of Art (2012)
 MO/RE/RE/AL? Art In The Age of Truthiness, Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Minneapolis, MN (2012)
 An Instinct Toward Life, Museum of Contemporary Art Denver (2011)
 Spectacular of Vernacular, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, MN (2011)
 Dario Robleto: Survival Does Not Lie In The Heavens, Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines, IA (2011)
 The Record: Contemporary ART and VINYL, Nasher Museum of Art at Duke University, Durham, NC (2010)
 Alloy of Love, Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, Saratoga Springs, NY (2008)
 The Old, Weird America: Folk Themes in Contemporary Art, Contemporary Arts Museum, Houston, TX (2008)
 Chrysanthemum Anthems, The Weatherspoon Art Museum, Greensboro, NC (2007)

References

External links
 Dario Robleto
 Dario Robleto at Inman Gallery
 "The Echoes of Hearts Long Silenced", The New York Times
 "ART/ARCHITECTURE; Conceptual Artist As Mad Scientist", The New York Times
 Dario Robleto on artnet.com
 “Space”, Radiolab, Season 2, Episode 5, New York Public Radio
 "Dario Robleto: Sculptor of Memory”, On Being with Krista Tippett, APM

American conceptual artists
Living people
1972 births
University of


title: Amphibalus

texts:
 more, of the relics of St Amphibalus."Benjamin Gordon-Taylor also suggests that "a principal motive for the initiation of the cult of St Amphibalus was the success of the cult of St Thomas of Canterbury”  (murdered in 1170). The new story about Amphibalus that emerged (see below) is based on associations with Saint Alban. Wilhelm Levison noted, that in the 6th-century account of Gildas were another two martyrs, Julius and Aaron, said to have been martyred together by the 8th-century at Urbs Legionis, identified as Caerleon in Wales. Meanwhile, the large number of people supposedly martyred together with Amphibalus may have their origin in a mistranscription made in the course of the transmission of the Martyrologium Hieronymianum (St Jerome's Martyrology), which connected the large number of martyrs originally associated with Rufinus of Alexandria, with Alban, under the date of 22 June. The location of the inventio at Redbourn was discovered near ancient Anglo-Saxon burial mounds. There were two knives said to have been found with Amphibalus, typical of an ancient pagan Anglo-Saxon burial. Gordon-Taylor notes that: "The cult of St. Amphibalus and his companions is unique in late twelfth-century England ... in that we are seeing a cult beginning almost from scratch."This phenomenon bears witness to the influence of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum at the time which lay behind the discovery of the grave of King Arthur at Glastonbury Abbey. This was around the same time that the bodies of <mask> and his companions were discovered, which Gordon-Taylor suggests was also motivated in part by competition with the new Canterbury cult of St Thomas Becket to gain pilgrims. Hagiography
Most of what is known of <mask>'s life is derived from hagiographic texts centered on Alban, written hundreds of years after his death. He was believed to be a citizen of Caerleon

masks: Amphibalus Amphibalus


title: Anthony Giacalone

texts:
<mask>Tony Jocks” <mask> (January 9, 1919 – February 23, 2001), also known as Tony Jack, was a Sicilian-American organized crime figure in Detroit. He served as a capo in the Detroit Partnership, and later as a street boss. In terms of Mafia organization, he was listed by the FBI in 1963 as one of the “Big Men” and deemed an administrator or heir apparent. He came to public notice during the 1970s investigations into the disappearance of Jimmy Hoffa, as he was one of two Mafia members – the other being <mask> – that Hoffa had arranged to meet on the day he disappeared. In 1976, Giacalone was sentenced to 10 years in prison for tax evasion. He died of natural causes on February 23, 2001. Biography

Giacalone was born on January 9, 1919, on the Eastside of Detroit.He was born to Sicilian immigrant parents, the oldest son of seven siblings. He often helped his father, Giacomo, sell produce from the back of a horse-drawn wagon in the Indian Village section of Detroit. He began to aspire to work in organized crime after seeing the wealth its leaders had, in contrast to the meager living his father earned. He particularly looked up to his father's relative Salvatore "Sam" Catalanotte, a leading figure in Detroit's growing Italian underworld. Giacalone was charged with his first criminal offense at the age of 18, the first of multiple run-ins with the law. By the time he was in his 30s, he was working as a pickup man in the local numbers racket, run by Peter Licavoli, and as collector of delinquent gambling debts for Joe Zerilli. Both of these men were highly respected in local crime organizations and they helped protect Giacalone from the law.Between 1950 and 1952 he was arrested multiple times for various gambling offenses, but avoided prosecution. In August 1954, he had his first conviction after 14 arrests. He was sentenced to 8 months in jail and ordered to pay court costs. After that

masks:
Anthony “
Joseph Giacalone
Anthony Provenzano


title: Anthony Giacalone

texts:
 stint in jail he served another 7 days in jail for refusing to testify before the grand jury investigating gambling in the Detroit area. Giacalone gained national fame in the 1970s with the disappearance of Jimmy Hoffa. Prior to then, there had been growing tension between Hoffa and several Mafia members, who opposed his plans to return to prominence in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. The latter included <mask>, <mask> and Giacalone's brother Vito.Despite the mounting strain between the two groups, it appears as though there were never any public displays of ill will or malicious intent; though he, along with his brother Vito, was allegedly involved in a plot gone awry to rob a safe belonging to Hoffa in Washington D.C. On July 30, 1975, Hoffa, who had mentioned his plans to acquaintances and family members to meet with Giacalone and Provenzano at 2:00 p.m. at the Machus Red Fox restaurant parking lot in Bloomfield Township, a Detroit suburb; was never seen again. It has been posited that Giacolone may have been motivated by the fact that Hoffa would not acquiesce to Mafia demands and retire. Though Giacalone was suspected of being involved in a conspiracy to murder Hoffa, Giacalone and Provenzano, who denied having scheduled any such meeting or appointment with Hoffa, were found not to have been near the restaurant that afternoon. In 1976, Giacalone was sentenced to 10 years in prison for tax evasion at FCI, Oxford, Wisconsin. Death

Giacalone died on February 23, 2001, aged 82. He had been admitted to St. John's Hospital and Medical Center in Detroit for heart failure and complications arising from kidney disease. He was buried at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Southfield, Michigan.Criminal History
On August 9, 1954, Giacalone was arrested for the bribery of a patrolman on the racket squad of the Detroit Police Department. Giacalone offered $200 a month in return for

masks:
Giacalone
Anthony Provenzano


title: Anthony Giacalone

texts: information regarding any possible gambling raids. He was sentenced to 8 months in jail in addition to a $500 fine. He was arrested for a similar offense in June of 1963, bribing Lieutenant James W. Thomas with $50 a month to look the other way in regard to a numbers gambling operation. This arrest, his fifteenth, led to an investigation of his mafia-related activities. Giacalone was charged with bribery conspiracy, but was freed on $7,500 bond. This sudden conviction led Detroit Police Commissioner George Edwards to believe that Giacalone was not only the boss of the numbers racket in southeastern Michigan, but also the head of the Detroit Mafia.Edwards later testified in front of the Senate's permanent investigations subcommittee in October of 1963, and identified Giacalone as the Mafia gambling boss of the Detroit area. In November 1963, Giacalone and his brother, Vito <mask>, were indicted in a Washington tax evasion hearing. The brothers received over $40,000 as fake sales representatives of two companies also indicted in the testimony. Giacalone’s hearing in 1964 for bribing Lt. Thomas caused quite a stir within the legal system. It was originally set for February 28, 1964, before being pushed later into 1965. Judge Joseph A. Gillis, who was assigned to Giacalone’s case, felt that Edwards’ previous public assertions about Giacalone were not fair to his trial. Giacalone was finally ordered to stand trial in July of 1965 for his charges related to the bribery of Lt. Thomas.As of January 16, 1966, Giacalone had been arrested 15 times, and convicted only once, which was the bribery case that had been to court 41 times and heard by six judges, but still had not been to trial. This case took a turn in March 1966 when Lt. Thomas admitted to the jury that he had lied and given false testimony about where he had written reports about the alleged bribes from Giacalone. The next month,


title: Anthony Giacalone

texts:
 innocent with his brother in October 1969. While Giacalone was free on bond regarding his blackjack charges, a warrant was issued in February of 1969 for an alleged gambling operation in addition to bribery, these charges were dropped in November 1969. The <mask> brothers were indicted on three counts each of federal income tax evasion in January 1972. These charges were dismissed later that year in June, but this was overturned by the Circuit Court of Appeals in May 1973. The trials began in March of 1974, and they were again acquitted the next month. About a year later in April of 1975, Giacalone was again indicted for tax evasion between 1968 and 1971. In May of 1975, Giacalone was arrested and indicted in Detroit for mail fraud and conspiracy, he was acquitted of these charges in September of 1976.<mask>’s name blew up in newspapers nationwide in the summer of 1975, regarding the disappearance of Jimmy Hoffa. Giacalone was allegedly supposed to meet with Hoffa on the day of his disappearance, but Giacalone denied this. Giacalone was quizzed by authorities for any connections to Hoffa’s disappearance. In June of 1976, Giacalone was sentenced to ten years in prison in addition to a $30,000 fine for tax evasion. He posted bond despite the Assistant United States attorney labeling him as a “danger to the community”. The Hotel Gotham
The Luxurious Hotel Gotham was declared “the finest hotel in the country owned and operated by colored,” and figures like Jesse Owens, Jackie Robinson, and Sammy Davis Jr. filled the Gotham's long list of visitors. John White (one of the Gotham’s owners) was a gambling man involved in alternative forms of earning money.Soon after its opening, the Gotham became known as “the fortress of the numbers racket in Detroit”. At this time, <mask> was Detroit’s boss of the numbers racket, thus it is hardly surprising that his unlisted telephone number was contained

masks:
Giacalone
Giacalone
Tony Giacalone


title: Anthony Giacalone

texts:
 in White’s personal directory. White’s numbers operation was wildly successful because Giacalone and the Mafia supplied the daily lottery’s winning number combinations, gambling paraphernalia, but most importantly protection from law enforcement and any other trouble. Giacalone himself was recorded on wire-tap bribing police officers for information on upcoming gambling raids at his establishments like the Gotham. Although this earned Giacalone 8 months in the Detroit House of Corrections and a $500 fine (roughly $5,000 today), it did little to hinder the progress of numbers operations like White’s and rackets like Giacalone’s. The Gotham’s penthouse, reserved exclusively for gambling, saw policemen, politicians, and other wealthy individuals come and go on a daily basis. Even after the Gotham officially closed for business in 1962, White’s numbers operation continued.This served as an opportunity to conduct a Federal raid, which was carried out that November. Officials discovered, among many other things, that the Gotham raked in over $21 million annually (equivalent to $166 million today). Unfortunately for Federal officials, despite arresting and later convicting 41 people including John White, the only link uncovered between Giacalone and the Gotham was that of his phone number. This served little purpose to authorities other than to confirm what they already knew; the mafia assisted numbers operators in Detroit. In popular culture
He was played by Patrick Gallo in Martin Scorsese's 2019 film The Irishman. In Scorsese’s aforementioned film, <mask>’s role is more understated, as a character he does not have a significant or essential role. The movie chooses to ignore the FBI’s interest in him as a suspect in the disappearance of Jimmy Hoffa.Notes

References

External links

1919 births
2001 deaths
Detroit Partnership
American people convicted of tax crimes
American gangsters


title: James Marsden

texts:
<mask> (born September 18, 1973)  is an American actor, singer, and former model. <mask> began his acting career guest starring in the television shows Saved by the Bell: The New Class (1993), Touched by an Angel (1995), and Party of Five (1995). He gained prominence in the early 2000s with his portrayal of Scott Summers / Cyclops in the X-Men film series (2000–2014), and starred in Superman Returns (2006). Other works during this period include The Notebook (2004), 10th & Wolf (2006), and The Alibi (2006). Following his breakthrough in comic book films, Marsden went on to star in various genre films, including Hairspray (2007), which was a critical and commercial success and won many awards for its ensemble cast. As Corny Collins, he sang two songs for the film's soundtrack which has been certified Platinum by the RIAA. He subsequently appeared in the films Sex Drive (2008), The Box (2009), and Straw Dogs (2011).Marsden has also had starring roles in family-friendly films such as Enchanted (2007) and Hop (2011), and leading roles in 27 Dresses (2007), The Best of Me (2014), and Sonic the Hedgehog (2020). In 2012, Marsden starred in a range of independent films such as Small Apartments, Bachelorette, and Robot & Frank. He later returned to television guest-starring in Modern Family (2011), and playing Liz Lemon's love interest, Criss Chros in 30 Rock (2012–2013) in a supporting role. In 2013, <mask> portrayed President John F. Kennedy in Lee Daniels's The Butler, and had a supporting role in Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues. He starred as gunslinging sentient android Teddy Flood in the HBO science fiction series Westworld (2016–2018), as part of the main ensemble. Since 2019, Marsden has starred as Steve and Ben Wood in the Netflix black comedy series Dead to Me. In 2020, Marsden played Stu Redman in the Paramount+ miniseries The Stand.Early life and family
<mask> was born in Stillwater, Oklahoma, the son of Kathleen

masks:
James Paul Marsden
Marsden
Marsden
Marsden


title: James Marsden

texts:
 (née Scholtz) and <mask> <mask>. His father, a food safety advisor to LexiGene Industries, and his mother, a nutritionist, divorced when he was nine years old. He has four siblings: two younger sisters and two brothers. He attended Hefner Middle School and Putnam City North High School, in Oklahoma City, and later went on to attend Oklahoma State University, where he studied broadcast journalism. He was also a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity. Marsden left after one and a half years, opting instead to move to Los Angeles in order to pursue his acting career. Career

Debut and early career (1994–2003)
Marsden got his first job in a series of episodes of The Nanny as Eddie, Margaret Sheffield's boyfriend.He then starred in the Canadian television series Boogies Diner, which aired for one season. Following the end of that series, he guest starred on television shows such as Saved by the Bell: The New Class and Party of Five. He later starred in the ABC show Second Noah. He lost out to Edward Norton for a role in Primal Fear and turned down the lead role in 54, which then went to Ryan Phillippe. He starred in the films Disturbing Behavior opposite Katie Holmes and Gossip opposite Kate Hudson. He also appeared in the television series Ally McBeal as one of the main cast members during the first half of season 5, where he also sang. He also starred in a 1998 episode of "The Outer Limits".<mask> was cast as Cyclops in the X-Men films. His character is prominent in the comics; his screen time in the films, however, is reduced in the sequels. <mask> also appeared in Bryan Singer's Superman Returns. Singer had dropped out of the third X-Men film to direct Superman and <mask> was cast as Lois Lane's fiancé, Richard White. Due to schedule conflicts, <mask>'s screen time in X-Men: The Last Stand was reduced, stirring controversy from fans of the comics. <mask>'s portrayal of Cyclops in the films was well received and garnered

masks:
James Luther
Marsden
Marsden
Marsden
Marsden
Marsden
Marsden


title: James Marsden

texts:
 him a Blockbuster Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2014 <mask> reprised his role of Cyclops in a brief cameo for X-Men: Days of Future Past, as did other actors from the first film including Anna Paquin and Famke Janssen.Breakthrough with comedy films (2004–11)
In 2004, Marsden co-starred with Rachel McAdams, Ryan Gosling, <mask>, and Gena Rowlands in the romantic drama The Notebook as Lon Hammond, Jr., the second man Allie Hamilton (McAdams) falls in love with. In 2007, <mask> played Corny Collins in the film adaptation of the Broadway musical Hairspray, based on the 1988 John Waters film of the same name. In the film, he sang two songs, "The Nicest Kids In Town" and "(It's) Hairspray." Both Hairspray and its soundtrack were critically acclaimed, the latter of which has since sold over 1,200,000 copies to date in the United States and was certified Platinum by the RIAA. His next role was with Amy Adams in the Disney hybrid animated/live action film Enchanted, playing Prince Edward. He sang one song as a duet with Adams at the beginning of the film and a duet with Idina Menzel that was cut from the film. Enchanted was well received critically and proved to be a commercial success, earning more than $340 million worldwide at the box office.Following his successes in 2007's Hairspray and Enchanted, Marsden played the male lead in the 2008 romantic comedy 27 Dresses opposite star Katherine Heigl, which grossed $160 million worldwide. He also starred in the teen comedy Sex Drive. Though the film was a moderate success, <mask>'s performance was heavily praised. Marsden also received a Teen Choice Awards nomination for Choice Movie Actor in a Comedy for his roles in Enchanted and 27 Dresses. In 2009, Marsden also played the male lead in the film The Box, based on the 1970 short story "Button, Button" by author Richard Matheson, which was earlier made into an episode of The Twilight Zone. He starred opposite Cameron Diaz

masks:
Marsden
James Garner
Marsden
Marsden


title: James Marsden

texts:
 and reunited with Superman Returns co-star Frank Langella. In 2010, Marsden was cast in the comedy Death at a Funeral, a remake of the 2007 British film of the same name, along with Chris Rock, Luke Wilson, Danny Glover, and Columbus Short.Marsden made an appearance on Modern Family in January 2011, playing a squatter. In April, <mask> appeared as the male (live-action) lead in Hop, an Easter-themed comedy co-starring Russell Brand as the Easter Bunny. Although the film was considered a commercial success, opening at the top of the weekend box office and grossing over $100 million in the U.S. box office, Hop generally received negative reviews. Later in 2011, <mask> played the lead in Straw Dogs, a remake of Sam Peckinpah's 1971 film; <mask> portrayed the character played by Dustin Hoffman in the original. Straw Dogs reunited <mask> with his Superman Returns co-star Kate Bosworth. The film received mixed reviews and ultimately ended up being a box office flop. Transition to independent films and supporting work (2012–present)

In 2012 and 2013, Marsden appeared in a recurring role in the sixth and seventh seasons of 30 Rock, playing Criss Chros, the boyfriend (and later husband) of the series' main character Liz Lemon.He also appeared in several independent films, including Robot & Frank, Small Apartments, Bachelorette, and As Cool as I Am. In 2013, he co-starred with Denzel Washington and Mark Wahlberg in the action film 2 Guns, which debuted at number one in its weekend release. Soon after, he starred in Lee Daniels' historical drama The Butler as President John F. Kennedy. The film, featuring an ensemble, opened at the top spot and received positive reviews. Marsden played Jack Lime, a rival reporter to Will Ferrell's Ron Burgundy, in Anchorman 2: The Legend Continues. The following year, he reprised his role as Scott Summers for the first time in eight years in X-Men: Days of Future Past in a cameo. He would also

masks: Marsden Marsden Marsden Marsden


title: James Marsden

texts:
 star in his second Nicholas Sparks film titled The Best of Me, replacing Paul Walker in the lead role.Marsden has recently played the character of sentient android Teddy Flood in HBO's 2016 series Westworld. <mask> appeared as Judy Hale's former boyfriend and lawyer Steve Wood in the Netflix dark comedy series Dead to Me. He later starred in a separate role in the same series as Ben Wood from the second season onward. In 2020, he starred in Paramount's Sonic the Hedgehog film and the CBS All Access television miniseries The Stand. Marsden also starred in the FX miniseries Mrs. America as Phil Crane. In 2021, Marsden provided the voice of Hitch Trailblazer in the Netflix animated film My Little Pony: A New Generation. In March 2021, it was announced that he would be reprising the role of Edward in the upcoming sequel to Enchanted, tentatively titled Disenchanted, which will be released on Disney+.<mask> is set to reprise his role of Tom Wachowski in the 2022 sequel Sonic the Hedgehog 2. Personal life
<mask> married Mary Elizabeth "Lisa" Linde, daughter of Dennis Linde, on July 22, 2000. The couple has two children: a son born in 2001 and a daughter born in 2005. They divorced in 2011, with Linde citing irreconcilable differences. He also has a son, born in 2012, with his former girlfriend Rose Costa. Filmography

Film

Television

Music videos

Discography

Even though Marsden sang on Ally McBeal, he was not featured on any soundtrack released by the TV show. Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

 Interview on The Notebook and X-Men 3

1973 births
Male actors from Oklahoma
American male film actors
American crooners
Male models from Oklahoma
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Living people
Oklahoma State University alumni
People from Stillwater, Oklahoma
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American singers
21st-century American

masks: Marsden Marsden Marsden


title: Petra Cortright

texts:
<mask> (born 1986) is an American artist working in video, painting, and digital media. Biography
<mask> was born in 1986 in Santa Barbara, California. <mask> is the daughter of two artists; her father who died when she was four, <mask>, was a sculptor/printmaker and art professor at UC Santa Barbara, and her mother is a painter. She studied at California College of the Arts in San Francisco (2004) and  Parsons The New School for Design in New York (2008). She lives and works in Los Angeles, California. She first came to notice through her self-portrait videos that she uploaded to YouTube. Video works
<mask> is well known for her video works presented on YouTube and in gallery environments.Her videos playfully explore formal properties of video software and the representation of physical bodies in digital spaces. In vvebcam (2007, collection, Museum of Modern Art), <mask> filmed herself while playing with the special effects features built into the webcam software used to make the video. On Saturday, December 10, 2011, vvebcam (2007) was removed by YouTube because of <mask>'s extensive use of "offensive" key words. "Vvebcam is a portrait of the artist as a computer user whose primary mode of existence is recording and being watched". In 2011 <mask> collaborated with Ilia Ovechkin to create Video Catalog, a work where the monetary value of her videos is determined by an algorithm based on YouTube views. Vicky Deep in Spring Valley (2012) marks the beginning of <mask>'s video work with virtual strippers. <mask> lifts the dancing girls from VirtuaGirl, a software that makes chroma keyed footage of "strippers" available for download.These videos are layered against flash images of fantastical digital worlds that are reminiscent of animated

masks:
Petra Cortright
Petra Cortright
Cortright
Steven Cortright
Cortright
Cortright
Cortright
Cortright
Cortright
Cortright


title: Petra Cortright

texts:
 desktop wallpaper. A 2015 exhibition at Depart Foundation in Los Angeles titled Niki, Lucy, Lola, Viola included cropped_masked_final, a new video work incorporating characters sourced from VirtuaGirl. <mask> was selected to participate in the 2013 Frieze Art Fair in London where she produced her self-portrait, Bridal Shower (2013), a film where she experiments with the physical qualities of a production studio. The film was subsequently broadcast on British public television station Channel 4. In 2014, <mask> began a collaboration with fashion designer Stella McCartney, creating a series of videos where <mask> uses glitches and video manipulation to showcase and contrast patterns on the garments designed by McCartney that she models. Digital paintings

In 2011 <mask> had her first solo exhibition, So Wet, organized by Gerardo Contreras at Preteen Gallery in Mexico City. Digital images created on the computer were printed on fabric and loosely hung on the walls evocative of the, onshore breeze, warm winters and cool summers of her hometown Santa Barbara.These were unlike previous online works. They were out of context and yet characteristic of a new generation of Post-Internet artists. <mask> continued to assemble collages on the computer, layer on layer, from images found on-line, through raster image manipulations and the addition of painterly digital brushstrokes. The intricate paintings which blend figurative and abstract elements, are printed on a variety of materials—most frequently linen, paper, and aluminum. Each of <mask>'s paintings begin with a digital file that the artist refers to as a "mother file," which consists of hundreds of layers that are subsequently printed on a substrate  through industrial print processes. Often

masks: Cortright Cortright Cortright Cortright Cortright Cortright


title: Petra Cortright

texts:
 her works are titled to reflect file names and extensions, as well as search terms used to source found imagery. Feminism in work
According to <mask>, she is a feminist by virtue of being a woman but she prefers to not have her work condensed to that categorization, nonetheless <mask> has a wide range of work that involves her playing with female stereotypes using readily available consumer software to produce "selfies".This was before selfies became ubiquitous and made her videos precursors to the smartphone era. Early works such as vvebcam are infamous for their tags. Using tags such as vagina, boobs, butts, etc . . . <mask> gained an influx of viewers to her work which, in fact, showcased not so flattering angles and mundane situations. The idea of a web camera focusing on a woman doesn’t need to necessarily mean sex and <mask> incorporates this into her art. Selected exhibitions

<mask>'s works have been shown at the New Museum in New York, Rhizome, the Venice Biennale, the 2010 01SJ Biennial in San Jose, California, and the 12ième Biennale d'art contemporain de Lyon. Her work is in the permanent collections of the Museum of Modern Art (New York), Péréz Museum (Miami), the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, the Hammer Museum (Los Angeles), the Moderna Museet (Stockholm), the MOTI (Breda) in collaboration with the Stedelijk Museum (Amsterdam), the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, the Kadist Foundation (San Francisco), BAMPFA (Berkeley, CA), and the San Jose Museum of Art, and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles.<mask>'s work was included in Paddles On!, the first auction dedicated to digital art hosted by a major auction house (Paddle8, July 2014). Awards
In 2015 she was awarded Rhizome's Future-Proof award with Paul Chan &

masks:
Petra Cortright
Cortright
Cortright
Cortright
Cortright
Cortright