title: Yuri Orlov

texts:
<mask> (, 13 August 1924 – 27 September 2020) was a particle accelerator physicist, human rights activist, Soviet dissident, founder of the Moscow Helsinki Group, a founding member of the Soviet Amnesty International group, and Professor of Physics at Cornell University. He was declared a prisoner of conscience while serving nine years in prison and internal exile for monitoring the Helsinki human rights accords as a founder of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union. Early career
<mask> was born into a working-class family on 13 August 1924 and grew up in a village near Moscow. His parents were Klavdiya Petrovna Lebedeva and <mask>. In March 1933, his father died. From 1944 to 1946, <mask> served as an officer in the Soviet army. In 1952, he graduated from the Moscow State University and began his postgraduate studies at the Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics where he later worked as a physicist.In 1956, <mask> nearly lost his scientist career due to his speech at the party meeting about discussion of the report "On the Personality Cult and its Consequences" by Khrushchev at the 20th Congress of the CPSU. He publicly called Stalin and Beria "killers who were in power" and put forward the requirement of "democracy on the basis of socialism." For his pro-democracy speech in 1956, he was expelled from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and fired from his job. What is the meaning of life? That your soul may outlive your remains in something sacred and should escape decay ... I have again looked at, added up, corrected, and sized up what I have been doing during these last years and have seen that this is good ... (<mask>, 1980)

<mask> obtained the Candidate of Sciences degree in 1958 and the Doctor of Sciences degree in 1963. He became an expert on particle acceleration.In 1968, he was elected a corresponding member of the

masks:
Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov
Yuri Orlov
Fyodor Pavlovich Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Yuri Orlov
Orlov


title: Yuri Orlov

type: original

texts:
 Armenian Academy of Sciences after he found work at the Yerevan Physics Institute. In 1972, he came back to Moscow and worked at the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism. Dissidence
In September 1973, when Pravda published a statement by a group of prominent academicians denouncing Andrei Sakharov's anti-patriotic activity, <mask> decided to support him, while recollecting the well memorized spells of the 1930s, in which some academicians demanded the death penalty for others already arrested; later some of these academicians themselves were arrested; and then third academicians, still alive, demanded the death penalty for them. Defending Sakharov, <mask> on 16 September 1973 wrote "Open Letter to L.I. Brezhnev about the Reasons for the Intellectual Backwardness in the USSR and Proposals to Overcome It" which appeared in underground samizdat circulation. The Western press published the letter in 1974 but publication in the Russian press was only in 1991. In the early 1970s, the article by <mask> "Is a Non-Totalitarian Type of Socialism Possible?"also appeared in underground samizdat circulation. In 1973, he was fired after becoming a founding member of the first Amnesty International group in the Soviet Union. In May 1976, he organized the Moscow Helsinki Group and became its chairman. Andrei Sakharov praised <mask> for systematically documenting Soviet violations of the human rights provisions of the Helsinki accords. <mask> ignored orders to disband the Moscow Helsinki Group when the KGB told him the group was illegal. The KGB head <mask> determined, "The need has thus emerged to terminate the actions of <mask>, fellow Helsinki monitor Ginzburg and others once and for all, on the basis of existing law." Arrest and trial
On 10 February 1977, <mask> was arrested.In March 1977, <mask> published the article about his arrest "The road to my arrest." In

masks:
Orlov
Orlov
Yuri Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Yuri Andropov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov


title: Yuri Orlov

texts:
 a closed trial, he was denied the right to examine evidence and to call witnesses. The courtroom was filled with some 50 individuals selected by the authorities, while supporters and friends of <mask>, including Andrei Sakharov, were barred from entering because there was no room. <mask>'s summation was interrupted many times by the judge and the prosecutor and by spectators who shouted "spy" and "traitor." According to <mask>'s wife Irina, hostile spectators in the courtroom applauded the sentence and shouted: "You should have given him more." <mask> at the trial argued that he has a right to criticize the government and a right to circulate such criticism under the freedom of information provisions of the Helsinki Accords. <mask> also argued that he circulated such information for humanitarian, not subversive, reasons.On 15 May 1978, <mask> was sentenced to seven years of a labor camp and five years internal exile for his work with the Moscow Helsinki Group. Protests over <mask>'s trial
US President Jimmy Carter expressed his concern over the severity of the sentence and the secrecy of the trial. Washington senator Henry M. Jackson said, "The <mask> trial, and the Ginzburg and Shcharansky incarcerations, are dramatic cases in point" when discussing Soviet breaches of law. The US National Academy of Sciences officially protested against the trial of <mask>. In the summer of 1978, 2,400 American scientists including physicists at the University of California's Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory created Scientists for Sakharov, Orlov and Shcharansky (SOS), an international movement to promote and protect the human rights of scientists. An initiator of SOS was American physicist Andrew Sessler, its chairman was Prof. Morris Pripstein. Scientists at CERN have spoken out against <mask>'s imprisonment for "disseminating anti-Soviet propaganda".43 physicists

masks: Orlov Orlov Orlov Orlov Orlov Orlov Orlov Orlov Orlov Orlov


title: Yuri Orlov

texts:
 have called off Soviet trips to protest his jailing. Imprisonment and exile

For a year and a half, <mask> was imprisoned in Lefortovo Prison, then Perm Camp 35 and 37. In Perm Camp 37, he mounted three hunger strikes to make the prison authorities return his confiscated writings and notes. Two articles written by him in the camp were smuggled and published abroad. On 5 July 1983, Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky sent the Soviet leader <mask> a letter asking for his release to Austria, but it was intentionally not answered. The New York-based Helsinki Watch issued a statement about <mask>'s health deterioration, "He has frequent headaches and dizzy spells, resulting from an old skull injury. He suffers from kidney and prostate inflammation, low blood pressure, rheumatic pains, toothaches, insomnia and vitamin deficiency.Medical care in the labor camp is extremely inadequate." <mask> suffered from tuberculosis. He lost a good deal of weight and most of his teeth. <mask>'s wife said he looked emaciated and that she was "very fearful for my husband's health. The authorities are gradually killing him." In 1984, <mask> was exiled to Kobyay in Siberia and was allowed to buy a house with a garden. On 14 November 1985, Professor George Wald raised the case of <mask> in a talk with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev who answered he had not heard of <mask>.Deportation and US citizenship
On 30 September 1986, the KGB proposed to expel <mask> from the Soviet Union after depriving him of his Soviet citizenship and met with approval from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. <mask>'s discharge from Siberian exile was part of the U.S.–Soviet deal to release journalist Nicholas Daniloff. <mask>'s release from exile and expulsion from the USSR lifted hopes among Westerners that the Helsinki process might finally start yielding

masks:
Orlov
Yuri Andropov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov
Orlov


title: Yuri Orlov

texts: progress. US President Jimmy Carter said, "As for <mask>, we're very delighted with this happy occurrence. We would like to meet with him if he comes to this country, but I don't know that he will. I have no way of knowing his plans." On 10 December 1986, <mask> was awarded the Carter-Menil Human Rights Prize of $100,000.In 1987, <mask> began work at Cornell University as a scientist and professor. <mask> was a visiting Fellow at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in 1988/89. A member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, <mask> studied particle accelerator design, beam interaction analysis and quantum mechanics. He has authored and co-authored numerous research papers, articles on human rights, and an autobiography, Dangerous Thoughts (1991). In 1990, Gorbachev restored Soviet citizenship to <mask> and other 23 prominent exiles and emigres who lost the right in the period from 1966 to 1988. <mask> told Gorbachev, "I would say you have a very great power in your hands, the K.G.B., and you should therefore carry out your reforms without fearing anyone at all. Afterward, you should liquidate the K.G.B., because it is a cancer."On 18 July 1991, <mask> and Elena Bonner wrote an open letter about the fact that Soviet army and special troops have been systematically deporting thousands of Armenians from Azerbaijan to Armenia. In 1993, <mask> received American citizenship. In 1995, the American Physical Society awarded him the Nicholson Medal for Humanitarian Service. In 2005, he was named the first recipient of the Andrei Sakharov Prize, awarded biennially by the American Physical Society to honor scientists for exceptional work in promoting human rights. In 2020, a few days before <mask> died, the American Physical Society awarded him the 2021 Robert R. Wilson Prize for Achievement in the Physics of Particle Accelerators for his


title: Yuri Orlov

texts:
 scientific work and for "embodying the spirit of scientific freedom." In 2004, <mask> expressed his opinion about Russia and Vladimir Putin by saying, "Russia is flying backwards in time. Putin is like Stalin, and he speaks in the language of the thug, the mafia."On 24 March 2005, <mask> wrote a letter to Putin to express disquiet over the criminal prosecution of Anna Mikhalchuk, <mask>v, and Ludmila Vasilovskaya in the case concerning the Sakharov Museum exhibition on religion. <mask> participated in two documentaries about the Soviet dissident movement, They Chose Freedom in 2005, and Parallels, Events, People in 2014. He was a member of the Human Rights Watch Asia Advisory and Academic Freedom Committees, and member of the Honorary 25th Anniversary Committee, Global Rights. <mask> died on 27 September 2020, aged 96. References

Some publications

Further reading
  <mask>lov Cornell University Homepage

Video

1924 births
2020 deaths
People from Moscow
Moscow State University alumni
Russian physicists
Soviet physicists
20th-century American physicists
Russian nuclear physicists
Soviet nuclear physicists
Soviet dissidents
Soviet human rights activists
Moscow Helsinki Group
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Amnesty International people
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by the Soviet Union
Soviet prisoners and detainees
Soviet expellees
People denaturalized by the Soviet Union
Soviet emigrants to the United States
Cornell University faculty
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Russian memoirists
Russian political writers
Soviet people of World War II
21st-century American physicists
Inmates of Lefortovo Prison
Russian prisoners and detainees
People associated with CERN
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology alumni
People with acquired

masks:
Orlov
Orlov
Yuri Samoduro
Orlov
Orlov
Yuri Or


title: Andrew Pendlebury

texts:
<mask> (born 1952) is an Australian guitarist-songwriter. From 1977 to 1981 was a member of The Sports and from 1986 to 1988 he joined Slaughtermen. He has undertaken other projects and issued four solo albums. At the ARIA Music Awards of 1993, <mask>'s solo work, Don't Hold Back That Feeling, won the ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album. From 2003 he has been a member of The Mercurials. Early years
<mask> was born in Melbourne, Victoria in 1952 and grew up there. His father, Laurence "Scott" <mask> (1914–1986); and mother, Eleanor Constance "Nornie" Gude (8 December 1915 – 24 January 2002); were both visual artists.His older sister, Anne Lorraine <mask> (born 21 August 1946), became a stage, film and TV actress. In May 1953 Scott won the Dunlop Art Contest, with a first prize of A£300, ahead of Arthur Boyd. From the age of four years Pendlebury studied classical violin learning Bach and Vivaldi. After completing secondary education, Pendlebury followed his parents into visual arts and exhibited art works, which were "mainly impressionistic-style landscapes". Inspired by Django Reinhardt and Jimi Hendrix, Pendlebury taught himself guitar and began a career in music. By 1979 Anne appeared in the ABC-TV drama series, Twenty Good Years. Scott's portrait of his two children, Anne and <mask> (actress and musician respectively), was a finalist for the 1979 Archibald Prize.In the mid-1970s <mask> was a member of The Sharks with Peter Crosbie on keyboards. In 1976 he joined an R&B, country outfit, The Myriad Band, with Carrl Myriad on guitar and vocals, Mark Ferrie on bass guitar, Phil Smith on drums, and Chris Wilson on organ. This line-up provided three live tracks, "Ballad of

masks:
Andrew Scott Pendlebury
Pendlebury
Andrew Scott Pendlebury
Pendlebury
Pendlebury
Drew Pendlebury
Pendlebury


title: Andrew Pendlebury

texts:
 the Station Hotel", "Rock 'n' Roll Highway" and "Glenrowan", for a Various Artists album, Live at the Station (1977). Career

1977-1987: The Sports, The Dugites, Slaughtermen

In August 1977 <mask> left Myriad to join an R&B, rockabilly group, The Sports. The Sports had formed a year earlier with Stephen Cummings on lead vocals, Ed Bates on guitar, Paul Hitchins on drums, Robert Glover (ex-Myriad) on bass guitar and Jim Niven on piano. Upon joining Pendlebury also assisted Cummings with songwriting. The band released their first album, Reckless, in 1978 on Mushroom Records, which peaked at No.43 on the Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart. It provided four charting singles. "Who Listens to the Radio", co-written by Cummings and Pendlebury, peaked at No. 45 on the United States Billboard Pop Singles chart in November 1979. Their second album, Don't Throw Stones, consolidated their Australian chart success, peaking at No. 9, Their third album, Suddenly, featured a slicker, more pop sound, and charted at No. 74.During his time with The Sports, <mask> worked on side projects, including The Gentlemen with Bates, Wayne Duncan (Daddy Cool) on bass guitar, and Freddie Strauks (Skyhooks) on drums. The Sports fourth album, Sondra (No. 20), was released in 1981. By the end of 1981 The Sports had disbanded. Pendlebury spent a year with The Dugites alongside The Sharks' bandmate, Crosbie on keyboards and backing vocals, and Lynda Nutter on lead vocals. During his brief tenure they issued the related mini-album, No Money (August 1982). In 1983 he joined the Stephen Cummings Band reuniting with Cummings and Ferrie.<mask> played on Cummings' first solo album Senso (released August 1984)

masks:
Andrew Pendlebury
Pendlebury
Pendlebury


title: Andrew Pendlebury

texts:
 and subsequent three albums, This Wonderful Life (September 1986), Lovetown (January 1988) and A New Kind of Blue (March 1989). <mask> also toured Australia with Stephen Cummings' Lovetown. From 1986 <mask> joined a post-punk, Southern gospel group, Slaughtermen, with Ferrie, Ian Stephen on vocals, piano and organ; and Des Hefner on drums. The group released two albums, Still Lovin' You (1986) and Melbourne, Memphis and a Mansion in the Sky (1988), before <mask> began to focus on his solo career. 1987-2000: Solo albums
In July 1987 <mask> released his debut solo album, Between the Horizon and the Dockyard, on Cleopatra Records which was co-produced by Pendlebury with Mark Woods. For the album he was backed by Ferrie and drummer Peter Jones, with Cummings guesting on lead vocals for "She Set Fire to the House", which was issued as a single in September. According to Australian rock music historian, Ian McFarlane, the album showcased "an eclectic mix of styles from country swing, Spanish, Bluegrass, jazz and rock".In 1988 Pendlebury released his second solo album, Tigerland, which was followed in 1990 by Zing Went the Strings on WEA Records. On both albums <mask> worked with Pete Linden (pedal steel), Paul Grabowsky (piano), Stephen Hadley (bass), J. J. Hacket (drums), Shane O'Mara, Nick Smith, Cummings, Doug de Vries and Michael Williams. For his fourth solo album, Don't Hold Back That Feeling (1992), Pendlebury enlisted guest vocalists including Chris Wilson, Deborah Conway, Kate Ceberano and Dave Steel. The album was critically acclaimed and, the following year, won the ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album at the ARIA Music Awards of 1993. In 1993 he collaborated with

masks:
Pendlebury
Andrew Pendlebury
Pendlebury
Pendlebury
Pendlebury


title: Andrew Pendlebury

texts:
 De Vries on an album Karate and again in 1995 to record Trouble and Desire for ABC Music. In 1999 McFarlane had described <mask> as having "pursued a career that garnered him much critical acclaim, but little in the way of mainstream success. Although occasionally compared with Tommy Emmanuel, Pendlebury has preferred to follow a more low-key, highly specialised path away from the limelight".2002-present: The Mercurials
In 2002 Pendlebury reunited with Ferrie and formed a twin guitar duo; the following year they released an album, Late Night at the Nicholas Building. When they added a third member, Adi Sappir, an Israeli cellist, they were named, The Mercurials. Their first performance was at the Ian Potter Gallery in the National Gallery of Victoria in December 2003. In March 2004 they appeared at the Adelaide Fringe Festival, which was followed by appearances at the 2006 Port Fairy Folk Festival and Mt Beauty Music Muster. In July 2005 The Mercurials released their debut self-titled album. This was followed by a second one, Tangents in 2008, and a third album, Silver and Gold in 2009. Discography

Albums

Singles

Awards and nominations

ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music.Pendlebury has won one award from two nominations. |-
| 1991
| Zing... Went the Strings
| ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album
|
|-
| 1993
| Don't Hold Back that Feeling
| ARIA Award for Best Adult Contemporary Album
|
|-

References

General
  Note: Archived [on-line] copy has limited functionality. Specific

1952 births
ARIA Award winners
Australian guitarists
Living


title: J. D. Souther

texts:
<mask> "J.D.<mask> (born November 2, 1945) is an American singer, songwriter, and actor. He has written and co-written songs recorded by Linda Ronstadt and the Eagles. <mask> is probably best known for his songwriting abilities, especially in the field of country rock. He co-wrote some of the biggest hits for the Eagles, including "Best of My Love", "Victim of Love", "Heartache Tonight", and "New Kid in Town". "How Long", which appears on the Eagles' Long Road Out of Eden, was written by <mask> and originally recorded on his first solo album in 1972. Souther recorded two major hit songs in his solo career: "You're Only Lonely" (1979) and "Her Town Too" (1981), a duet with longtime friend <mask>.Career
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, United States, and raised in Amarillo, Texas. As a musician and songwriter, he was greatly influenced in his formative years by fellow Texan Roy Orbison. His first recordings were with local group 'The Cinders' who traveled to nearby Norman Petty Studios in Clovis, New Mexico. Their first 45 rpm record was released on the tiny RIC label in 1965, then Norman Petty successfully shopped their recordings to Warner Brothers for a second single release as 'John David and The Cinders' in 1966. After moving to Los Angeles in the late 1960s, <mask> met musician and songwriter Glenn Frey, and eventually the two became roommates and musical collaborators, and for a time performed as a folk duo using the name Longbranch Pennywhistle. Their lone, eponymous album was released in 1970 on <mask> Bowen's Amos Records. After recording an eponymous solo studio album in 1972, <mask> next

masks:
John David
" Souther
Souther
Souther
James Taylor
Souther
Souther
Jimmy
Souther


title: J. D. Souther

texts: teamed up with Chris Hillman and Richie Furay to form the Souther–Hillman–Furay Band.The group released two albums but creative tensions and lack of record sales led to the band's demise. He wrote "Run Like a Thief", which appeared on Home Plate by Bonnie Raitt in 1975. <mask> has contributed as a singer to works written by other artists, including backing vocals with <mask>; on "The Light Is On" for Christopher Cross on his eponymous debut album; on the songs "False Faces" and "Loose Ends" on <mask>'s 1976 LP Nether Lands; and, with Fogelberg, as the Hot Damn Brothers on Fogelberg's 1975 LP Captured Angel. He scored his biggest solo hit with the 1979 song "You're Only Lonely" from the album of the same name, which reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and held the number 1 spot on the Adult Contemporary chart for five consecutive weeks. The Eagles recording "Heartache Tonight," written by Souther, Bob Seger, Glenn Frey, and <mask>, was released in 1979 and became the band's final chart-topping song on the Hot 100. Souther briefly dated Linda Ronstadt and co-produced her Don't Cry Now album, as well as writing songs for several of her multi-platinum albums, including "Faithless Love" from Heart Like a Wheel and "White Rhythm and Blues" on Living in the USA. Souther also recorded several additional duets with Ronstadt including "Prisoner in Disguise," "Sometimes You Can't Win," and "Hearts Against the Wind," which was featured in the 1980 film Urban Cowboy.A collaboration with his old friend <mask> called "Her Town Too" (from Taylor's platinum-certified Dad Loves His Work album) reached number 11 on

masks:
Souther
Don Henley
Dan Fogelberg
Don Henley
James Taylor


title: J. D. Souther

texts:
 the Hot 100 and number 5 on the AC chart in 1981. In 1987, he contributed to, performed on, and did the vocal arrangements for the Roy Orbison and Friends: A Black and White Night concert and video. That same year he collaborated with Clannad, providing guest vocals for their album Sirius. He sang the Platters' "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes" in Steven Spielberg's 1989 film Always, and wrote the theme song to the 1989-1992 sitcom Anything But Love. The <mask> hit song "The Heart of the Matter" (1989) was also co-written by <mask>. On October 14, 2008, <mask> released If the World Was You, his first new studio release in nearly 25 years. In the fall of 2009, he released a follow up live album titled Rain - Live at the Belcourt Theatre, featuring a blend of old and new material.On May 31, 2011, <mask> released Natural History, featuring new versions of his songs recorded by other artists. On October 9, 2012, he released Midnight in Tokyo, an EP that was recorded live. On June 14, 2013, <mask> was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and called "a principal architect of the Southern California sound and a major influence on a generation of songwriters." He wrote the song "Wishing on Another Lucky Star", featured on the soundtrack of the movie Permanent Record. <mask> co-wrote "Doin' Time for Bein' Young", a song performed by <mask> for the soundtrack of the 1990 <mask>pp movie Cry-Baby. Actor
<mask> played the character of <mask> in the (1989–1990) third season of the television drama Thirtysomething and Ted in the film Postcards from the Edge (1990). He appeared in the audiobook of <mask>'s A Salty Piece

masks:
Don Henley
Souther
Souther
Souther
Souther
Souther
James Intveld
Johnny De
Souther
John Dunaway
Jimmy Buffett


title: J. D. Souther

texts:
 of Land.<mask> played <mask> in the television movie Purgatory in 1999 and <mask> in My Girl 2. <mask> also appeared in the 2012 mystery thriller Deadline. He had a recurring role in the first season of country music drama series Nashville, which premiered in October 2012 and he reprised his role in a 2017 episode of the fifth season. Personal life
<mask> married Alexandra Sliwin, a member of the group Honey Ltd., in March 1969; they divorced in 1972. He dated Linda Ronstadt and Stevie Nicks in the 1970s. <mask> Sill's song "Jesus Was a Crossmaker" was written for <mask>, who she said broke her heart after a short affair. In December 2002, <mask> moved from the Hollywood Hills to Nashville, Tennessee.In 2004, he married Sarah Nicholson from Bansha, Ireland; they divorced in 2010. Discography

Albums

Singles

References

External links

1945 births
American male actors
American country singer-songwriters
American rock musicians
American rock singers
American rock songwriters
Columbia Records artists
Country musicians from Michigan
Elektra Records artists
Living people
Singers from Detroit
Souther–Hillman–Furay Band members
Tascosa High School alumni
Warner Records artists
Singer-songwriters from

masks:
Souther
Jesse James
Jeffrey Pommeroy
Souther
Souther
Judee
Souther
Souther


title: George Whyte

texts:
<mask><mask> (born 11 July 1933 in Budapest; died 31 August 2012 in London) was an author, composer, dramatist and art collector. His early education was at Highgate Junior School. A British national of Hungarian Jewish extraction, the Holocaust and the loss of many members of his family in Auschwitz have influenced his creative works which have increasingly focused on the struggle against social injustices especially racism. Career
A world authority on the Dreyfus Affair, his Dreyfus Trilogy, created for the Dreyfus Centenary in 1994 has been widely performed and televised. Making extensive use of archival material, he has evolved a powerful dramatic style defined by Götz Friedrich as a 'Protokol für das Musiktheater' wherein the drama is heightened by opposing texts, repeatedly sung and declaimed, which confront the listener with an escalation of the moral conflict. His literary work 'The Dreyfus Affair – A Chronological History' (publ. Palgrave Macmillan, 2006) is recognized as the major reference book on the subject.His latest creation 'Golem 13' was the cultural highlight of the Czech Presidency of the European Union (June 2009). It was premiered at the National Theatre of Prague and commemorated the 400th anniversary of the death of Rabbi Loew, the Maharal, credited with the creation of the Golem of Prague to defend the Jews of the Ghetto. In Golem 13, a Kabbalistic Drama in 2 Acts, (set to music by Noam Sheriff), Whyte dares a balancing act between the past and the future. The first act takes place in the 16th century, the second act, in the future, 500 years later, when the Jewish people, threatened once again, create Golem 13 for their protection. In this visionary work, there appears on the operatic stage, for the first time, a superhuman being composed of Kabbalistic spirituality and advanced technology, to be of eventual significance to all of mankind. Whyte readily collaborates

masks:
George R
. Whyte


title: George Whyte

texts:
 with other composers and artistic talents and constructs his work so that it is adaptable for stage, television and radio. His administrative experience in the performing arts has contributed to the evolution of an artistic legacy largely devoted to the commemoration of the injustices suffered by the Jewish people.<mask> was inter alia Chairman of the British National Export Council for the Arts (1967–1973); founder member of the international committee of the Artur Rubinstein Piano Competition (1976–1988) and Chairman of the Royal Opera House 'The Holocaust A Commemoration in Music' (1987/88). Since 1988 Whyte he has been the Chairman of cultural events at 'Remembering for the Future' (London). For over 20 years he has researched the Dreyfus Affair which has made him a world authority on the subject. Since 1998 he has been Chairman of the Dreyfus Society for Human Rights (London and Bonn). Publications
<mask><mask>'s works have been published by (inter alia) Palgrave Macmillan (UK and US), Inter Nationes, Artial and Coda Editions; distributed by Boosey & Hawkes Bote and Bock Berlin; his stage works have been premiered by the Deutsche Oper Berlin, Oper der Stadt Bonn, Theater Basel, New York City Opera, Opernhaus Zürich, Jüdisches Museum Berlin, National Theatre Prague and broadcast on numerous TV channels and radio networks, including WDR, Channel 4, CBS, France Culture, BBC, Sweden STV1, Slovenia RTV, SLO, Finland YLE and Hungary MTV . In Czech, Czech Theatre Institute, Translations by the Goethe Institute,
 'Admission is not acceptance – Reflections on the Dreyfus Affair' Antisemitism, London Valentine Mitchell, 2007; Paris: French, Edition Le Manuscript/UNESCO 2008; Spanish: Buenos Aires Lilmod 2009; Russian: Moscow Xonokoct, 2010,
 'Die Dreyfus Affaere - Die Macht des Vorurteils', Peter Lang, Frankfurt, 2010,
 'The Dreyfus Affair - A Trilogy of Plays', Oberon Books, London, January

masks:
George Whyte
George R
. Whyte


title: Childe Hassam

texts:
<mask> (; October 17, 1859 – August 27, 1935) was an American Impressionist painter, noted for his urban and coastal scenes. Along with Mary Cassatt and John Henry Twachtman, Hassam was instrumental in promulgating Impressionism to American collectors, dealers, and museums. He produced over 3,000 paintings, oils, watercolors, etchings, and lithographs over the course of his career, and was an influential American artist of the early 20th century. Early years

Hassam was known to all as "Childe" (pronounced like child), a name taken from an uncle. Hassam was born in the family home on Olney Street on Meeting House Hill in the Dorchester neighborhood of Boston, on October 17, 1859. His father, <mask> (1825–1880), was a moderately successful cutlery businessman with a large collection of art and antiques. He descended from a long line of New Englanders.His mother, Rosa Delia Hawthorne (1832–1880), a native of Maine, shared an ancestor with American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne. His father claimed descent from a seventeenth-century English immigrant whose name, Horsham, had been corrupted over time to Hassam. With his dark complexion and heavily lidded eyes, many took <mask> Hassam to be of Middle Eastern descent—speculation which he enjoyed stoking. In the mid-1880s, he took to painting an Islamic-appearing crescent moon (which eventually degenerated into only a slash) next to his signature, and he adopted the nickname "Muley" (from the Arabic "Mawla", Lord or Master), invoking Muley Abul Hassan, a fifteenth-century ruler of Granada whose life was fictionalized in Washington Irving's novel Tales of the Alhambra. <mask> demonstrated an interest in art early. He had his first lessons in drawing and watercolor while attending The Mather School, but his parents took little notice of his nascent talent. As a child, Hassam excelled at boxing and swimming at Dorchester High School.A disastrous fire in November 1872 wiped out much of Boston's commercial district, including his father's business.

masks:
Frederick Childe Hassam
Frederick Fitch Hassam
Childe
Hassam


title: Childe Hassam

texts:
 Hassam left high school after two years (at age 17), and by 1880 his family had moved to nearby Hyde Park. Despite his uncle's offer to pay for a Harvard education, Hassam preferred to help support his family by working. His father arranged a job in the accounting department of publisher Little, Brown & Company. During that time, Hassam studied the art of wood engraving and found employment with engraver George Johnson. He quickly proved an adept "draughtsman" and produced designs for commercial engravings such as letterheads and newspapers. Beginning to paint artistically, his preferred medium was watercolor, mostly outdoor studies, and around 1879 began creating his earliest oils.Career

Early career

1880s

In 1882, Hassam became a free-lance illustrator (known as a "black-and-white man" in the trade), and established his first studio. He specialized in illustrating children's stories for magazines such as Harper's Weekly, Scribner's Monthly, and The Century. He continued to develop his technique while attending drawing classes at the Lowell Institute and at the Boston Art Club, where he took life painting classes. By 1883, Hassam had exhibited watercolors in his first solo exhibition at the Williams and Everett Gallery in Boston. The following year, his friend Celia Thaxter convinced him to drop his first name and thereafter he was known as "<mask> <mask>". He also began to add a crescent symbol in front of his signature, the meaning of which remains speculative, possibly an allusion to his penchant for implying Middle Eastern or Turkish origins. Having had relatively little formal art training, Hassam was advised by his friend and fellow Boston Art Club member Edmund H. Garrett to join him on a two-month "study trip" to Europe during the summer of 1883.They traveled throughout the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, France, Italy, Switzerland, and Spain, studying the Old Masters together and creating watercolors of the European countryside. Hassam was particularly impressed with the

masks: Childe Hassam


title: Childe Hassam

texts: watercolors of J. M. W. Turner. Sixty-seven of the watercolors that Hassam painted on this trip formed the basis of his second exhibition in 1884. During this period, <mask> taught at the Cowles Art School. He also joined the "Paint and Clay Club", expanding his contacts in the art community, which included prominent critics and "the readiest and smartest of our younger generation of artists, illustrators, sculptors, and decorators—the nearest thing to Bohemia that Boston can boast." Friends found him to be energetic, robust, outgoing, and unassuming, capable of self-mockery and considerate acts, but he could be argumentative and wickedly witty against those in the art community who opposed him. Hassam was particularly influenced by the circle of William Morris Hunt, who like the great French landscape painter Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, emphasized the Barbizon tradition of working directly from nature.He absorbed their credo that "atmosphere and light are the great things to work for in landscape painting." In 1885, a noted critic, in part responding to Hassam's early oil painting A Back Road (1884), stated that "the Boston taste for landscape painting, founded on this sound French school, is the one vital, positive, productive, and distinctive tendency among our artists today...the truth is poetry enough for these radicals of the new school. It is a healthy, manly muscular kind of art." In February 1884, after a courtship of several years, Hassam married Kathleen Maude (or Maud) Doane (born 1861), a family friend. Throughout their life together, she ran the household, arranged travel, and attended to other domestic tasks, but little is known about their private life. By the mid-1880s, Hassam began painting cityscapes; Boston Common at Twilight (1885) was of his first. He joined a few other progressive American artists who were taking to heart the advice of French academic master Jean-Léon Gérôme, who abandoned his traditional subject matter and told his American peers, "Look around


title: Childe Hassam

texts: you and paint what you see.Forget the Beaux-Arts and the models and render the intense life which surrounds you and be assured that the Brooklyn Bridge is worth the Colosseum of Rome and that modern America is as fine as the bric-a-brac of antiquity." However, one Boston critic firmly rejected <mask>'s choice of urban subject matter as "very pleasant, but not art." Although he had shown steady improvement in his oil painting, his watercolors continued provided consistent financial success. He returned with his wife to Paris where in 1886 they were able to engage a well-located apartment/studio with a maid near the Place Pigalle, the center of the Parisian art community. With the exception of fellow American artist , they lived among the French and socialized little with other American artists studying abroad. <mask> had moved to France to study figure drawing and painting at the prestigious Académie Julian. He took advantage of the formal drawing classes with Gustave Boulanger and Jules Joseph Lefebvre, but quickly moved on to self-study, finding that "[t]he Julian academy is the personification of routine...[academic training] crushes all originality out of growing men.It tends to put them in a rut and it keeps them in it", preferring instead, "my own method in the same degree". His first Parisian works were street scenes, employing a mostly brown palette. He sent these works back to Boston and their sale, combined with that of older watercolors, provided him with sufficient income to sustain his stay abroad. In the autumn of 1887, Hassam painted two versions of Grand Prix Day, employing a breakthrough change of palette. In this dramatic change of technique, he was laying softer, more diffuse colors to canvas, similar to the French Impressionists, creating scenes full of light, done with freer brush strokes. He was likely inspired by French Impressionist paintings which he viewed in museums and exhibitions, though he did not meet any of the artists. Hassam eventually became one of the

masks: Hassam Hassam


title: Childe Hassam

texts:
 group of American Impressionists known as "The Ten".The completed pictures he sent home also attracted attention. One reviewer commented: "It is refreshing to note that Mr. <mask>, in the midst of so many good, bad, and indifferent art currents, seems to be paddling his own canoe with a good deal of independence and method. When his Boston pictures of three years ago...are compared with the more recent work...it may be seen how he has progressed." <mask> contributed four paintings to the Exposition Universelle of 1889 in Paris, winning a bronze medal. At that time, he remarked on the emergence of progressive American artists who studied abroad but who did not succumb to French traditions:
The American Section...has convinced me for ever of the capability of Americans to claim a school. Inness, Whistler, Sargent and plenty of Americans just as well able to cope in their own chosen line with anything done over here...An artist should paint his own time and treat nature as he feels it, not repeat the same stupidities of his predecessors...The men who have made success today are the men who have got out of the rut. As for the French Impressionists, he wrote "Even Claude Monet, Sisley, Pissarro and the school of extreme Impressionists do some things that are charming and that will live."<mask> was later called an "extreme Impressionist". His closest contact with a French Impressionist artist occurred when <mask> took over Renoir's former studio and found some of the painter's oil sketches left behind. "I did not know anything about Renoir or care anything about Renoir. I looked at these experiments in pure color and saw it was what I was trying to do myself." 1890s

The couple returned to the United States in 1889, taking residence in New York City. He resumed his studio illustration and in good weather produced landscapes out-of-doors. He found a studio apartment at Fifth Avenue and 17th Street, a view that he painted in one of his first New York oils, Fifth Avenue in Winter.The

masks: Hassam Hassam Hassam Hassam


title: Childe Hassam

texts: fashionable street was traveled at that time by horse-drawn carriages and trolleys. It was one of his favorite paintings and he exhibited it several times. It skillfully uses a distinctive dark palette of blacks and browns (normally considered "forbidden colors" by strict Impressionists) to create a winter urban panorama, which Le Figaro praised for its "American character". For his Washington Arch in Spring (1890), he instead demonstrated a bright pastel palette suffused with white similar to what Monet might have employed. The sudden shift expanded his options and his range. Through the 1890s, his technique increasingly evolved toward Impressionism in both oil and watercolor, even as the movement itself was giving way to Post-Impressionism and Fauvism. During his European stay, he continued to favor street and horse scenes, avoiding some of the other favorite depictions of the Impressionists, such as opera, cabaret, theater, and boating.He also painted garden and "flower girl" scenes, some featuring his wife, including Geraniums (1888) which he presented at the Salon exhibition in 1889. He managed to exhibit at all three Salon shows during his Paris stay but won only one bronze medal. <mask> became close friends with fellow American Impressionist artists J. Alden Weir and John Henry Twachtman, whom he met through the American Water Color Society, and over the following months he made many connections in the art community through other art societies and social clubs. He contributed works from his European stay to several exhibitions and shows. Hassam enthusiastically painted the genteel urban atmosphere of New York that he encountered within walking distance of his apartment, and avoided the squalor of the lower-class neighborhoods. He proclaimed that "New York is the most beautiful city in the world. There is no boulevard in all Paris that compares to our own Fifth Avenue...the average American still fails to appreciate the beauty of his own country."He captured well-dressed men in


title: Childe Hassam

texts: bowler hats and top hats, fashionable women and children out and about, and horse-drawn cabs slowly making their way along crowded thoroughfares lined by commercial buildings (which were generally less than six stories high at that time). Hassam's primary focus would forever continue to be "humanity in motion". He never doubted his own artistic development and his subjects, remaining confident in his instinctual choices throughout his life. It was through Theodore Robinson, who was working alternatively in America and France, that he, Twachtman, and Weir kept in close touch with Claude Monet, who was residing in Giverny at the time. The four Americans represented the core of American Impressionism, dedicated to painting what was real for them, what was familiar and close at hand, out-of-doors when possible, and with the immediacy of light and shadow—which though exaggerated and falsely colored at times—makes a purposeful impact or impression. The urban scene provided its own unique atmosphere and light, which Hassam found "capable of the most astounding effects" and as picturesque as any seaside scene. The challenge for the urban Impressionist, however, was that activity moved very quickly, and therefore, getting down a complete impression in oil was next to impossible.To compensate, Hassam would find a suitable location, make sketches of the components of his planned painting, then return to the studio to construct a total impression that was actually a composite of smaller scenes. During the summers, he would work in a more typical Impressionist location, such as Appledore Island, the largest of the Isles of Shoals off New Hampshire, then famous for its artist colony. Social life on the island revolved around the salon of poet Celia Thaxter who hosted artists and literary figures. The group was a "jolly, refined, interesting and artistic set of people...like one large family." There <mask> recalled, "I spent some of my pleasantest summers...(and) where I met the best people in the


title: Childe Hassam

texts: with a very light palette. Back in New York in 1897, <mask> took part in the secession of Impressionists from the Society of American Artists, forming a new society known as The Ten. The group was energized if not initiated by <mask>, who was among the most radical of members. Their first show at the Durand-Ruel Gallery featured seven of his new European works. Critics dismissed his new work as "experimental" and "quite incomprehensible". Though still interested in including figures in his urban paintings, his new summer works done at Gloucester Harbor, Newport, Old Lyme, and other New England locales show increasing attention to pure landscapes and buildings.His time at the Old Lyme Art Colony, beginning in 1903, caused a shift of the entire colony's output away from the muted colors of Tonalism towards American Impressionism. As his colors became paler and closer in tone to Monet's, which many viewers found unsettling and unfathomable, he was asked how he came up with a particular palette. He responded that "subjects suggest to me a color scheme and I just paint." In 1900, Hassam visited Provincetown, Massachusetts. Provincetown, once a thriving maritime community had begun to rely heavily on local tourism. In Building the Schooner, Provincetown, he uniquely captures a rare event in the community: the building of a schooner. The ship featured in Hassam's work was paid for by a Chicago millionaire and was the first large ship to be built in Provincetown in a quarter of a century.<mask> was astute in marketing his work, and was represented by dealers and museums in several cities and abroad. Despite the critics and conservative buyers, he managed to keep selling and painting without having to resort to teaching for financial survival. A colleague described Hassam as an artist "with a keen knowledge of distribution, the tactical ability to place his work." As the new century began, some three decades after the Impressionists' first exhibitions in France, Impressionism finally gained a

masks: Hassam Hassam Hassam


title: Childe Hassam

texts:
 mood of place, but always in the Impressionist vein. Late career

With the art market now eagerly accepting his work, by 1909 Hassam was enjoying great success, earning as much as $6,000 per painting. His close friend and fellow artist J. Alden Weir commented to another artist, "Our mutual friend Hassam has been in the greatest of luck and merited success. He sold his apartment studio and has sold more pictures this winter, I think, than ever before and is really on the crest of the wave. So he goes around with a crisp, cheerful air." The Hassams returned to Europe in 1910 to find Paris much changed: "The town is all torn up like New York.Much building going on. They out American the Americans!" In the midst of the vibrant city, Hassam painted July Fourteenth, Rue Daunou during the Bastille Day celebrations, a forerunner of his famous Flag series (see below). When he returned to New York, Hassam began a series of "window" paintings that he continued until the 1920s, usually featuring a contemplative female model in a flowered kimono before a light-filled curtained or open window, as in The Goldfish Window (1916). The scenes were popular with museums and quickly snapped up. Hassam was especially prolific and energetic in the period from 1910 to 1920, causing one critic to comment, "Think of the appalling number of Hassam pictures there will be in the world by the time the man is seventy years old!" Hassam truly did produce thousands of works in nearly every medium during his life.Where his friend Weir might paint six canvases in a season, <mask> would do forty. During that period he also returned to watercolors and oils of coastal scenes, as exemplified by The South Ledges, Appledore (1913), which employs an unusually balanced division of sea and rocks diagonally across a nearly square canvas, giving equal weight to sea and land, water and rock. This painting shows the famous writer Celia Thaxter's home in Appledore Island. The South Ledges, Appledore is owned by the Smithsonian American


title: Childe Hassam

texts:
 Art Museum in Washington D.C. He also produced some still-life paintings. <mask> displayed six paintings at the landmark Armory Show of 1913, where Impressionism was finally viewed as mainstream and nearly an historical style, and displaced by the clamor over the radical revolution of Cubism, fresh from Europe. He and Weir were the oldest exhibitors, nicknamed at a press dinner as "the mammoth and the mastodon of American Art".Hassam viewed the new art trends from abroad with alarm, stating "this is the age of quacks, and quackery, and New York City is their objective point." He was also displeased that the Armory Show drew attention away from the latest exhibits of The Ten. In 1913, <mask> was honored with a separate gallery showing at the Panama-Pacific Exhibition, featuring thirty-eight pictures. Around 1915, he renewed his interest in etching and lithography, producing more than 400 of these works during his later career. While Hassam found these works artistically satisfying, they received a tepid public response, as he commented, "some sell and some of the best do not." The Flag series

The most distinctive and famous works of Hassam's later life comprise the set of some thirty paintings known as the "Flag series". He began these in 1916 when he was inspired by a "Preparedness Parade" (for the US involvement in World War I), which was held on Fifth Avenue in New York (renamed the "Avenue of the Allies" during the Liberty Loan Drives of 1918).Thousands participated in these parades, which often lasted for over twelve hours. Being an avid Francophile, of English ancestry, and strongly anti-Germany, Hassam enthusiastically backed the Allied cause and the protection of French culture. The Hassams joined with other artists in the war relief effort from nearly the beginning of the conflict in 1914, when most Americans as well as President Woodrow Wilson were decidedly isolationist. <mask> even considered volunteering to record the war in Europe, but the government would not approve the


title: Childe Hassam

texts:
 trip. He was even arrested (and quickly released) for innocently sketching naval maneuvers along the city's rivers. In addition to the time he gave to many committees, several of his flag pictures were contributed to the war relief in exchange for Liberty Bonds. Although he had great hopes that the entire series would sell as a war memorial set (for $100,000), the pictures were sold individually after several group exhibitions, the last at the Corcoran Gallery in 1922.Claude Monet, among other French artists, had also painted flag-themed works, but <mask>'s have a distinctly American character, showing the flags displayed on New York's most fashionable street with his own compositional style and artistic vision. In most paintings in the series, the flags dominate the foreground, while in others the flags are simply part of the festive panorama. In some, the American flags wave alone and in others, flags of the Allies flutter as well. In his most impressionistic painting in the series, The Avenue in the Rain (1917), which has been in the White House permanent collection since the Kennedy administration, the flags and their reflections are blurred so extremely as to appear to be viewed through a rain-smeared window. On entering the White House, Barack Obama chose to display it in the Oval Office. Hassam's flag paintings cover all seasons and various weather and light conditions. Hassam makes a patriotic statement without overt reference to parades, soldiers, or war, apart from one picture showing a flag exclaiming "Buy Liberty Bonds".Flag paintings by Hassam are in the collections of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the New York Historical Society, the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, the Princeton University Art Museum and the National Gallery of Art. Final years
In 1919, Hassam purchased a home in East Hampton, New York. Many of his late paintings employed nearby subjects in that town and elsewhere on Long Island. The post-war art market boomed in the 1920s, and Hassam commanded escalating


title: Chris Ngimbi

texts:
<mask> "The African Warrior" <mask> (born 18 April 1984 in Kinshasa) is a Congolese-Dutch Muay Thai kickboxer fighting out of the Siam Gym in Valkenswaard, Netherlands for Black Label. He is the two times It's Showtime 70MAX world champion fighting primarily within the It's Showtime and the K-1 Global Holding organizations. He also held the SUPERKOMBAT Middleweight Championship in 2016. Biography and career

<mask> was born in Kinshasa the capital city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was born with a weak heart which doctors felt would make it hard for him to survive his first year. He spent his childhood in the African country but his family was forced to leave when he was 11 years old due to the civil war and the fact that his father had served in the political party of the recently ousted president Mobutu Sese Seko. <mask> relocated to the Netherlands and was a keen footballer in his

masks: Chris Ngimbi Ngimbi Ngimbi


title: Chris Ngimbi

texts:
 teenage years and tipped to do well but decided to focus on kickboxing after making his amateur debut at 18 in Eindhoven representing the Duran Gym.He would later switch to the Calmaro gym in Helmond after his second B-Klass match with a fighting record of 12 wins and 1 loss. -

After fighting on the local scene for several years, <mask> was invited as a member of a Dutch team that would participate in a W.K.A. event in New York City. Due to an impressive knockout of his opponent he would be invited back to the states the following year to contest against Atlanta based Thai Khunpon Dechkampu for the W.K.A. intercontinental title, in what would be the first of a number of title fights on American soil. <mask> was successful on his return visit to the United States, winning the belt via KO and as winner of the intercontinental belt <mask> would get a shot at the W.K.A. world title in 2007, losing

masks: Ngimbi Ngimbi Ngimbi


title: Chris Ngimbi

texts: to Shane Campbell in their first match in Richmond, only to win the rematch six months later to claim his first world title.In between trips across the Atlantic <mask> would have a number of fights in the Netherlands, defeating useful fighters such as Ray Staring, Kit Sitpholek and William Diender – the latter in the K-1 MAX Netherlands 2008 tournament in which he made the semi finals only to lose to eventual winner Warren Stevelmans (who he had beaten back in 2006). He also made his debut with the It's Showtime organization defeating English fighter Rick Barnhill in Alkmaar. In February 2009 <mask> had another attempt to qualify for the K-1 MAX via a regional event in Utrecht but lost at the quarter final stage to Marco Piqué. This decision was modified after protest from <mask>'s corner. In May 2009 after the fight against Schneidmiller in the Amsterdam Arena he left the Calmaro gym to join


title: Chris Ngimbi

texts: Siam Gym in Valkenswaard. The switch had led to victories against fighters as Chahid Oulad el Hadj and Hafid el Boustati. In 2010,  <mask>'s record with the It's Showtime organization (4 wins, 2 losses) led to the organization inviting him to challenge two time It's Showtime champion Murat Direkçi for his world title belt in Athens at the end of the year.As the underdog, few expected the African Warrior to triumph but he pulled off a fifth round upset decision win against Direkçi to become the new It's Showtime 70MAX world champion. <mask> retained his It's Showtime 70MAX world title at the It's Showtime 2011 Lyon event, outclassing local fighter Willy Borrel on way to a trademark flying knee KO victory. In December 2011, Ngimbi shocked the kickboxing world when he stated that he will make one more defence of his belt, against Andy Souwer in June 2012, and then retire. He lost the fight, but came

masks: Ngimbi Ngimbi


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts:
<mask> (; c. 1182 – 1 February 1222) or <mask>mnenus was, with his brother David, the founder of the Empire of Trebizond and its ruler from 1204 until his death in 1222. The two brothers were the only male descendants of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos I, who had been dethroned and killed in 1185, and thus claimed to represent the legitimate government of the Empire following the conquest of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Although his rivals governing the Nicaean Empire succeeded in becoming the de facto successors, and rendered his dynastic claims to the imperial throne moot, <mask>' descendants continued to emphasize both their heritage and connection to the Komnenian dynasty by later referring to themselves as Megas Komnenos ("grand Komnenos"). While his brother David conquered a number of Byzantine provinces in northwestern Anatolia, <mask> defended his capital Trebizond from an unsuccessful siege by the Seljuk Turks around the year 1205. Further details of his reign are sparse. Muslim chroniclers record how, in 1214, <mask> was captured by the Turks in the field while defending Sinope; despite sending an envoy to seek their surrender the city refused to capitulate to Sultan <mask>, and <mask> was tortured in sight of the Sinopians. The city submitted to Kaykaus and <mask> was freed after becoming Kaykaus' vassal.<mask> died at the age of forty. From Constantinople to Georgia
<mask> was the eldest son of Manuel Komnenos, and a grandson of the Byzantine Emperor Andronikos <mask> (reigned 1183–1185). Andronikos had taken refuge at

masks:
Alexios I Megas Koos
Alexius I Megas Co
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Kaykaus I
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
I


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts: the court of King <mask> of Georgia in the 1170s, and was a governor in the Pontus when his cousin the emperor <mask> Komnenos (r. 1143–1180) died; upon hearing the news, he marched on Constantinople and seized the imperial throne. His reign was a turbulent one, and in 1185 Andronikos was dethroned and killed while his son Manuel was blinded and may have died from this mutilation. Manuel left two children, the Caesars <mask> and David. Their mother's name is not recorded in the primary sources; Byzantinist Alexander Vasiliev speculates that it is "possible" that their mother was a Georgian princess. Somehow the boys arrived at the court of their relative Queen Tamar of Georgia; scholars have speculated when and how they made their way there.One school of thought endorses the hypothesis of Fallmerayer, who believed the boys were taken from Constantinople during the chaos of their grandfather's fall from power in 1185, when <mask> was about three years old, and came to Georgia early in Tamar's reign. Another school of thought follows George Finlay's belief that the boys remained in Constantinople, and although educated in the capital, were somehow safe from Andronikos' successor, emperor <mask> II Angelos (r. 1185–1195 and 1203–1204); Finlay argued that they were not at risk from "a government which, like that of the Byzantine empire, was recognized to be elective, and in which their father had been excluded from the throne by the exercise of an acknowledged constitutional prerogative." Older writers who had no knowledge of the chronicle of the

masks:
George III
Manuel I
Alexios
Alexios
Isaac


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts: Trapezuntine chronicler Michael Panaretos nor access to Georgian records, such as Edward Gibbon, assumed the brothers were simply made governors of Trebizond, and when the Fourth Crusade conquered Constantinople, <mask> declared himself emperor there. Vasiliev discussed these opinions in a 1936 article published in Speculum and considered Fallmerayer's hypothesis as closer to the truth. Exactly how <mask> and Queen Tamar of Georgia were related is not clear. According to Michael Panaretos, Queen Tamar was <mask>' "paternal relative" (προς πατρός θεὶα), a phrase that has baffled scholars. As early as 1854 the Russian scholar Kunik proposed that this phrase meant that <mask>' mother was Rusudan a little-known sister of Tamar, a theory Vasiliev endorsed.<mask> argued that their grandfather Andronikos, while in Georgia, had married an unnamed sister of king George III. More recently Michel Kuršanskis has argued against <mask>'s theory, producing evidence that <mask>' mother and/or grandmother were daughters of the houses of Palaiologos or Doukas, yet failing to offer an explanation why Panaretos describes Tamar as <mask>' paternal aunt. Despite the research of Vasiliev, <mask>, Kuršanskis and others, <mask>' life is a blank between 1185, when Andronikos was deposed and murdered, and 1204 when he and David arrived at Trebizond—although this lack of information has not prevented scholars from proposing various hypotheses. All authorities agree that <mask> and his brother found refuge at Tamar's court. Vasiliev even speculates that "Georgian became their

masks:
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Cyril Toumanoff
Toumanoff
Alexios
Alexios
Toumanoff
Alexios
Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts:
 native tongue" and that they "were thoroughly Georgian in language and education as well as in political ideals", but possibly "some Greeks were among their attendants in order that they might be familiar with the language of their own country". However, Kuršanskis notes that there are few traces of Georgian influence in the administration and culture of the Empire of Trebizond, and points out that its elite always looked towards Constantinople for their political and religious models. Return from Georgia
After marching from Georgia, and with the help of their paternal relative Queen Tamar, <mask> and David occupied Trebizond in April 1204.That same month <mask> was proclaimed emperor at the age of 22, an act considered by later writers as the moment the Empire of Trebizond was founded. Vasiliev was one of the first historians to suspect that Tamar assisted her young relatives for reasons beyond familial loyalty. "Religiously minded, Tamar had the habit of bestowing alms on monasteries and churches not only in her own country but also all over the Near East", Vasiliev wrote in 1936. One such gift she bestowed on a group of monks before they left for Jerusalem was taken from them by the Byzantine emperor <mask> III Angelos (r. 1195–1203) as they sailed past Constantinople; although Tamar subsequently made up for the theft by giving the monks a much more lavish gift, <mask>' theft insulted the queen. She decided to avenge the insult by supporting her nephews in their invasion of Byzantine territories. The date <mask> entered Trebizond may be narrowed

masks: Alexios Alexios Alexios Alexios Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts: down even further. Sergey Karpov has identified a lead seal of <mask>, on one side "the image of a strategos in the peaked helmet leaded by hand by St. George" with the inscriptions Ἀλέξιος ὁ Κομνηνός [<mask> Komnenos] and Ὁ Ἅ(γιος) Γεώργιος [Saint George] on either side; on the obverse is a scene of Ἡ Ἁγία Ἀνάστασις [The Holy Resurrection] with the corresponding inscription.Karpov interprets the significance of this image and the inscription as portraying the most important achievement of his life, St. George inviting the victorious prince to enter Trebizond and opening the gates of the city with his left hand. The importance of St. George was that Easter—the date of the Resurrection—in 1204 fell on 25 April, while the memorial date of St. George was 23 April. "So I dared to assume," writes Karpov, "that the seal points out the date of the capture of Trebizond." Vasiliev points out that the brothers occupied Trebizond too early to have done so in response to the Crusaders capturing Constantinople; <mask> and David began their march on Trebizond before news of the sack of Constantinople on 13 April 1204 could reach either Trebizond or Georgia. According to Vasiliev, however, their original intention was not to seize a base from which they could recover the capital of the Byzantine Empire, but rather to carve out of the Byzantine Empire a buffer state to protect Georgia from the Seljuk Turks. Kuršanskis, while agreeing with Vasiliev that Tamar was motivated by revenge for <mask> Angelos's insult, proposed a more obvious motivation for the brother's

masks: Alexios Alexios Alexios Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts: return to Byzantine territory: they had decided to raise the banner of revolt, depose <mask> Angelos, and return the imperial throne to the Komnenos dynasty. However, not long after they had gained control of Trebizond and the neighboring territories, news of the Latin conquest of Constantinople reached them, and the brothers entered the competition for recovery of the imperial city against Theodore I Laskaris in western Anatolia (ruler of the "Empire of Nicaea") and Michael Komnenos Doukas in mainland Greece (ruler of the "Despotate of Epirus").Over the following months, David marched westward making himself master of the rest of the Pontus and of Paphlagonia. Anthony Bryer suggests the account in the Georgian Royal Annals of the invasion could be separated into the two routes the individual brothers took. Both started in Imereti and reached Trebizond; David proceeded along the coast, perhaps leading a fleet, capturing Kerasous, Cide, Amasra and Heraclea Pontica; meanwhile <mask> took possession of Limnia, Samsun and Sinope. Although a minor port, Samsun was the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum's doorway to the Black Sea, and <mask>' occupation blocked the Sultanate from the trade and the opportunities of expansion Samsun represented; in the words of the Muslim historian Ali ibn al-Athir, he "closed the sea" to the Seljuks. Gaining Paphlagonia gave the brothers access to an important base of support. The Komnenos family was popular in Paphlagonia, with which they had long-established ties, as it was their home province: Kastamone was said to be the

masks: Alexios Alexios Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts:
 ancestral castle of the Komnenoi; during the reign of <mask> II Angelos a pretender to the throne had appeared in Paphlagonia, calling himself <mask>, and he succeeded in uniting several districts behind him. While David was in Paphlagonia, <mask> was forced to remain in the neighborhood of Trebizond, defending the eastern part of their domain from the attacks of the Seljuk Turks.These attacks culminated in the first siege of Trebizond by Sultan Kaykhusraw <mask>. In a panegyric to his master, the Nicaean emperor Theodore Laskaris, Nicetas Choniates compared <mask> to Hylas, a member of the expedition of the Argonauts who landed on the coast of Mysia to obtain water, but was kidnapped by the Naiads and never seen again. Although Theodore Laskaris pushed back the Komnenos brothers' western frontier by defeating an attempt to seize Nicomedia, by 1207 the grandsons of Andronikos Komnenos ruled over the largest of the three Byzantine successor states. From Heraclea Pontica their domain extended east to Trebizond and past it to Soterioupolis on the Georgian frontier. <mask> also made parts of the Crimea a tributary to Trebizond. Cherson, Kerch, and their hinterlands were governed as an overseas province called Perateia ("beyond the sea"). It appeared that it was only a matter of time before one of the Komnenos brothers seized Constantinople to rule as "Basileus and Autokrator of the Rhomaioi".Unfortunately, this proved to be the high-water mark of their conquests. Campaigns in Paphlagonia
Their adversary, Theodore Laskaris, had not been idle. He had

masks: Isaac Alexios Alexios I Alexios Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts: neutralized rivals along his southern marches—Sabas Asidenos, Manuel Maurozomes, and Theodore Mangaphas; he had been crowned Emperor in March or April 1206; all the while Theodore had frustrated attempts of Henry of Flanders to expand the newly founded Latin Empire into Anatolia. In 1208 Theodore decided to strike against the Paphlagonian possessions of <mask>' brother David by crossing the Sangarios River and investing Heraclea Pontica. In response, David sent a deputation to Henry of Flanders, which reached the Latin Emperor in September 1208 with their request for help. Henry led his troops across the Sea of Marmara and occupied Nicomedia, threatening Laskaris' rear, and forcing the latter to lift his siege and return to his own territory. Theodore's withdraw was costly, for he lost about 1000 men in crossing the Sangarios, which was in flood.Despite this setback, Theodore did not abandon his attempts on Paphlagonia. Following the Seljuk defeat at Antioch on the Meander, he concluded a treaty with the new Seljuk Sultan, Kaykaus I, and together they encroached on the Trapezuntine territory. According to the panegyric of Niketas Choniates, there was no resistance to Theodore's incursions, and Theodore eventually captured Heraclea Pontica and Amastris. It was during this period that David Komnenos vanishes from the scene. We know of his ultimate fate from a note in a manuscript written at Mount Athos that tells us David died as a monk of Vatopedi monastery on 13 December 1212. How he went from trusted ally of <mask> to a monastic life—likely an

masks: Alexios Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts: enforced change—has not been documented. Shukurov believes this silence was intentional and therefore significant, that David somehow disgraced himself and was confined to Vatopedi by <mask>.A clue to his offence may be that at one point, faced with another attack from Theodore Laskaris with insufficient men to draw on, David had become a vassal of the enemy of the Byzantine successor realms, the Latin Empire, since, as William Miller explains, "It was his interest to prefer a nominal Latin suzerainty to annexation by the Nicene Emperor". Kuršanskis suggests that <mask> also intrigued in the internal politics of the Seljuk Sultanate, supporting Kaykaus' brother Kayqubad against him. This is his interpretation of a puzzling passage in the account of <mask>, where he states that Sultan Kaykawus was at Sivas when messengers arrived with the report that Alexis had crossed the border and seized territory belonging to the Sultan—when there was no point to this action. If Kuršanskis' has correctly interpreted what lies behind this passage, this would provide Kaykaus with an even stronger reason to ally with Theodore. Kaykaus' role in this alliance was to capture Sinope, the most important port on the Black Sea, and controlling it would once again open the sea to the Seljuks. It was while besieging the port city that <mask> was captured in a skirmish; according to <mask>, he was hunting outside the city with an escort of 500 cavalry, which Kuršanskis dryly observes was overkill for a simple hunt. This fortunate incident provided Kaykaus with the leverage

masks:
Alexios
Alexios
Ibn Bibi
Alexios
Ibn Bibi


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts:
 he needed to take the city, which lies on an isthmus and protected by formidable walls.<mask> was shown to the defenders of the city. At the Sultan's command, <mask> writes, he sent a confidante into the city to negotiate a surrender; the inhabitants told <mask>' man, "Suppose Alexius has been captured. None the less he has grown sons in Trebizond who are capable of governing. We will elect one of them as our ruler and will not surrender the country to the Turks." Shukurov suggests that the Sinopians' lack of concern for <mask> was out of spite for the deposition of his brother. Infuriated by their response, Sultan Kaykaus had the unfortunate <mask> tortured in sight of the city walls several times, until the defenders changed their minds. Negotiations began, and on 1 November 1214 the inhabitants surrendered their city to the Seljuks on terms.<mask> was freed, and after pledging his loyalty to the Sultan, and promising to pay tribute, he was allowed to return to Trebizond. Later years
The loss of Sinope pushed the western frontier of Komnenine territories, which had been at Heraclea a few years earlier, back to the Iris and Thermodon rivers, only  from their base at Trebizond. This loss isolated Trebizond from direct contact with the Empire of Nicaea and the other Greek lands. Cut off from the rest of the Byzantine world, the Trapezuntine rulers for the next two generations turned their immediate attention to Asian affairs. Nothing certain is known of the remainder of <mask>' life. Vasiliev has suggested that when George IV Lasha of Georgia was

masks:
Alexios
Ibn Bibi
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts:
 campaigning near the Kura River, <mask> was amongst the "tributaries [who] arrived from Khlar and Greece with presents", in the phrasing of the Georgian chronicles. He identifies "Khlar" with Ahlat near Lake Van, and states that by "Greece" the chronicler meant the Trapezuntine Empire.Kuršanskis, however, is not convinced by Vasiliev's arguments, pointing out that <mask> would have travelled too far from Trebizond to pay homage and emphasizes that Trebizond was always referred to in the Georgian Chronicle as "Pontus" and never as "Greece". <mask> died on 1 February 1222 after a reign of eighteen years. His eldest son John was passed over in favor of his son-in-law, Andronikos I Gidos. Family and succession
<mask> married at some point in his life, but contemporary writers fail to record any information about his wife. Theodora Axuchina is supposed by some to have been her name, which appears in the Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten (1978) by Detlev Schwennicke. It has since found its place in several modern genealogies. Michel Kuršankis has argued, on the strength of <mask> Axouchos's surname and <mask> <mask>'s known political affiliations, that he had married, probably about 1201, a daughter of John Komnenos "the Fat" (d.1200), son of the protostrator <mask> Axouch.<mask> is known to have had two sons, the future emperors John I and Manuel I, and a daughter who married Andronikos Gidos. The Russian Byzantinist Rustam Shukurov has argued that <mask> had at least one more son, and speculated that one may

masks:
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios
John I
Alexios
I
Alexios
Alexios
Alexios


title: Alexios I of Trebizond

texts:
 have been the <mask>nikios who was tonsured and confined to a monastery when Manuel became emperor. Notes

References

External links
 <mask> I Grand Komnenos, Vougiouklaki Penelope, Encyclopedia of the Hellenic World: Asia Minor

13th-century emperors of Trebizond
Grand Komnenos dynasty
1180s births
1222 deaths
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Byzantine people of the Byzantine–Seljuk wars
Greek torture

masks: Ioan Alexios


title: Herbert Hardesty

texts:
<mask> (March 3, 1925 – December 3, 2016) was an American musician who played tenor saxophone and trumpet. He is best known for his association with the New Orleans pianist Fats Domino and the producer Dave Bartholomew, beginning in 1948. He released six 45-rpm records as Herb Hardesty between 1959 and 1962. His first CD of these recordings, together with others made but not issued in 1958, were released worldwide in July 2012 by Ace Records (United Kingdom) as The Domino Effect. Early life
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on March 3, 1925. He began trumpet lessons in school at the age of six and used a trumpet given to his stepfather by Louis Armstrong. He also took lessons from Professor Valmore Victor and began playing in a local Works Progress Administration big band.By 1939, he was getting paid to play with bands led by Papa Celestin, Sidney Desvigne, and others. Chick Webb also asked him to perform with his orchestra. Hardesty enlisted in the military in 1941 even though he was two years below the minimum draft age. At the United States Army Air Corps base in Jackson, Mississippi, he volunteered to play saxophone in the band, and his commanding officer purchased an alto saxophone, which Hardesty learned to play in two days. His Army training continued at Tuskegee, Alabama, and he was a radio technician in the 99th Flying Training Squadron, stationed in Morocco, Italy, and Germany, making him part of what is now known as the Tuskeegee Airmen. When time permitted he played trumpet and alto saxophone with local European musicians. After the war ended, Hardesty returned to New Orleans and attended Dillard University.Early career
His first trio performed at the Hurricane Bar (3726 S. Claiborne Avenue, in New Orleans, a few blocks from where he was living) with Hardesty playing double bass accompanied by a

masks:
Herbert Hardesty
Hardesty


title: Herbert Hardesty

texts:
 the newspaper Gambit wrote: "All hail <mask>, one of the few remaining alums of the J&M Studio Band whose talents helped create so many hits and classic songs for Fats Domino, Little Richard, Shirley and Lee, and so many others. His presence and fine soloing in Dr. John's sets this Jazz Fest added to the New Orleans feel in Dr. John's new songs." He led his own group, Herb Hardesty & The Dukes, on April 28, 2013, in the Blues tent at the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival. Hardesty continued to perform in Las Vegas.He died of cancer there on December 3, 2016, at the age of 91. Instruments played
For most of his career, Hardesty played a gold-plated Selmer Mark VI tenor saxophone with an Otto Link mouthpiece. His trumpet was custom-made by Henri Selmer Paris, one of two made in France by a master craftsman; the other was owned by Louis Armstrong. Discography

Herb Hardesty

Singles
 Paoli 1001, "Beatin' and Blowin'" b/w "Perdido Street"
 Mutual 1001, "Beatin' and Blowin'" b/w "Perdido Street"
 Federal 12410, "Beatin' and Blowin'" b/w "69 Mother's Place"
 Federal 12423, "Perdido Street" b/w "Adam and Eva" (the correct title is "Adam and Eve")
 Federal 12444, "Just a Little Bit of Everything" b/w "It Must Be Wonderful"
 Federal 12460, "The Chicken Twist" b/w "Why Did We Have To Part"

Compilation album
 Ace CDTOP 1333, The Domino Effect: Wing and Federal Recordings 1958–61

The Diamonds with Herb Hardesty and His Orchestra

Singles
 Mercury 71291, "Chick-Lets" (also known as "Don't Let Me Down")

Compilation album
 King LP 771, Just a Little Bit of Everything, with James Brown and four other groups

References

External links
 Official website

1925 births
2016 deaths
American saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
American male jazz


title: Thomas Ahearn

texts:
<mask>, PC (June 24, 1855 – June 28, 1938) was a Canadian inventor and businessman. Ahearn, a native of Ottawa, Ontario, was instrumental in the success of a vast streetcar system that was once in Ottawa, the Ottawa Electric Railway, and was the first chairman of Canada's Federal District Commission in 1927. He held several patents related to electrical items and headed companies which competed for decades with Ottawa Hydro as providers for electricity in Ottawa. Ahearn co-founded the Ottawa Car Company, a manufacturer of streetcars for Canadian markets. Life and career
He was born in the Lebreton Flats area of Ottawa in 1855. He started as a messenger in the Chaudière office of the Montreal Telegraph Company (located in J. R. Booth's office). Within the year he was promoted to the company's Sparks Street office.At 19, he went to New York City and worked for two years at Western Union Telegraph Company. He returned to Ottawa and became chief operator for Montreal Telegraph Company. He became a manager of the Bell Telephone Company office in Ottawa in 1880. In 1881, he founded the firm of Ahearn & Soper, electrical contractors, with Warren Soper, former manager of Dominion Telegraph Company's local office. He formed Chaudière Electric Light and Power Company in 1887 and he later merged it with other companies which created the Ottawa Electric Company in 1894. In 1892, he filed patents for both an "electric oven" and a "system of warming cars by means of electrically heated water". The use of this invention that year to prepare a meal which he delivered by streetcar to the Windsor Hotel caused the Ottawa Journal to say "...everything had been cooked by electricity, the first instance on record..." <mask> filed eleven Canadian patents in all.He was

masks:
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn


title: Thomas Ahearn

texts: founder and president of the Ottawa Electric Railway Company, which provided electric streetcar service in the city and had the first streetcars with electric heaters (a device he patented). After running as a vast and very successful private operation for over half a century, it was later taken over by the Ottawa Transportation Commission. He, with <mask> and William Wylie in September 1893, founded the Ottawa Car Manufacturing Company which manufactured streetcars. In 1901, the Ottawa Electric Railway Company built a 2000-foot canal just north of the Britannia Boathouse Club to generate Hydroelectric power on the Deschênes Rapids. Although the hydroelectric project was abandoned as unfeasible, the unfinished canal was used in 1951 as the basis of the Britannia Yacht Club`s main and inner harbour, which provide 250 wet moorings, fuel and pumpout facilities, for both sail and power boats. In 1905-6, he built a new clubhouse, known as the Britannia Boating Club House. After the new clubhouse, which was designed by Charles Penruddocke William Kivas Band, was destroyed by fire on August 29, 1919, the Club returned to its present location, in a building designed by Edgar Lewis Horwood.On June 23, 1906, he was appointed as director and elected president of Ottawa Gas Company. In 1908, he formed a holding company called the Ottawa Light, Heat and Power Company, Limited, which wholly owned Ottawa Gas Company (which Ahearn & Soper bought) and Ottawa Electric Company. In this way, the private sector continued to compete with Ottawa Hydro for decades. In 1927, he was placed by Prime Minister MacKenzie King as the first chairman of the Federal District Commission, the predecessor to the National Capital Commission. There he had a five-year term ending in


title: Thomas Ahearn

texts:
 1932. In this capacity, much of Ottawa's parkway network was developed, as well as the Champlain Bridge across the Ottawa River. <mask> was appointed to the Queen's Privy Council for Canada in 1928.By 1933, <mask> was listed as:

The Broadcasting Committee of the Diamond Jubilee 1927, chairman
The Federal District Commission, chairman
Ottawa Electric Railway Company, president
Ottawa Traction Company, president
Ottawa Car Manufacturing Company, president
Ottawa Electric Company, president
Ottawa Gas Company, president
Ottawa Light, Heat and Power Company, president
Ottawa Investment Company, president
Ottawa Land Association, president
Ottawa Building Company, president
Ahearn & Soper Limited, vice-president
Wallace Realty Company, vice-president
Bell Telephone Company of Canada, director and executive committee
Canadian Westinghouse Company, director
Northern Electric Company, director
Bank of Montreal, director
Royal Trust Company, director
The Guarantee Company of North America, director
American Institute of Electrical Engineers, member

<mask>n died June 28, 1938. He is interred in Beechwood Cemetery. There is a street name in Ottawa named after him in Britannia. Ahearn & Soper
Ahearn & Soper is an Ottawa company formed as an electrical engineering and contracting business in 1881 by <mask> and Warren Young Soper, former manager of Dominion Telegraph Company's local office. Both men were working for Montreal Telegraph in Ottawa on March 13, 1873. The two founders were responsible for the creation of many companies in the fields of communications, heat, light and power, including the Ottawa Electric Railway Company and early electricity providers in Ottawa. Their principal contracts have been with the Canadian Pacific Railway, Bell Telephone

masks:
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahear
Thomas Ahearn


title: Thomas Ahearn

texts:
 Company, Mackay-Bennett Cable Company of New York, and the North American Telegraph Company.In the mid-1890s, they moved to 56 Sparks Street from 70 Sparks Street. In 1926, they built the Ottawa Electric Building (Albert Ewan, Architect) which still stands on 56 Sparks. Family

<mask>'s first marriage was to Lilias Mackay Fleck. In 1892, in his second marriage, he married Margaret Howitt (likely Margaret Howit Fleck). Margaret was the daughter of Alexander Fleck, President of the Vulcan Iron Works Co., Ottawa, and his wife, Lilias Walker. Margaret was born in Montreal, and was educated at the McGill Model School and at Bute House. The couple travelled in foreign countries with their family.She served as the President of the Victorian Order of Nurses. She was identified with the Local Council of Women, and the Woman's Canadian Historical Society. The couple lived at Buena Vista, 584 Maria Street, Ottawa. <mask>'s son Frank would become the owner of the Ottawa Auditorium and the Ottawa Senators professional ice hockey team. Ahearn's other child, Lilias <mask> Southam(1888-1962) married Harry Southam in 1909. Harry Southam, publisher of the Ottawa Citizen, was part of the Southam newspaper empire. References

Bibliography

1855 births
1938 deaths
Businesspeople from Ottawa
Canadian

masks:
Thomas Ahearn
Thomas Ahearn
Ahearn


title: Brett Maher (American football)

texts:
<mask> (born November 21, 1989) is an American football placekicker and punter who currently is a free agent. He was signed by the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2013. He played college football at Nebraska. He has also been a member of the Dallas Cowboys, Winnipeg Blue Bombers, Ottawa Redblacks, Hamilton Tiger-Cats, Cleveland Browns, Washington Football Team, Houston Texans, and Arizona Cardinals. Early years
<mask> attended Centennial Public Schools in Utica, Nebraska for his first three years of high school before transferring to Kearney High School, where he played high school football for the Bearcats. As a senior, he made 8-of-14 field goals, 41 of 46 extra points, and averaged 41.2 yards per punt. He also played wide receiver, posting 775 receiving yards and 10 touchdowns.He received All-state honors from the Lincoln Journal Star and Omaha World-Herald at the end of the season. In basketball, he was an honorable-mention Class A all-state pick as a senior. In track, he won the long jump and pole vault state championships as a senior, setting a state record in the latter. College career
<mask> turned down other football scholarship offers to walk-on at the University of Nebraska. As a redshirt freshman and as a sophomore, he appeared in all games as the holder for field goals and extra points, while also serving as the backup punter behind Alex Henery. As a junior, he was named the starter at placekicker and punter after Henery graduated. He made 19-of-23 field goals, 43-of-44 extra points and averaged 44.5 yards per punt (sixth in school history).He received Big Ten Special Teams Player of the Week honors three times, while being named Eddleman-Fields Big Ten Punter of the Year and Bakken-Andersen Big Ten Kicker of the Year. He became

masks:
Brett Maher
Maher
Maher


title: Brett Maher (American football)

texts:
 one of the few specialists in Big Ten history to be named All-Conference both at kicker and punter in the same season. As a senior, the school awarded him with a football scholarship. He made 20-of-27 field goals, all of his 59 extra point attempts, 57 touchbacks out of 96 kickoffs, and averaged 41.8 yards per punt. His 20 field goals ranked second in school history for a season, and his 119 points set a record for most points scored by a kicker. He ranked third overall in conference in scoring and first among kickers. He received the Bakken-Andersen Big Ten Kicker-of-the-Year Award for the second straight year.He finished his career with 39-of-50 made field goals (78%), 219 points, 120 punts for a 43.2-yard average and 43 punts inside the 20-yard line. Collegiate statistics

Professional career

New York Jets
<mask> was signed as an undrafted free agent by the New York Jets after the 2013 NFL Draft on May 12, earning the contract following a rookie minicamp tryout. He was waived on July 23, to make room for placekicker Billy Cundiff. Dallas Cowboys
On August 11, 2013, <mask> was signed by the Dallas Cowboys, to play in the preseason while Dan Bailey recovered from an injury. He was released two weeks later on August 27. Winnipeg Blue Bombers
On May 1, 2014, <mask> signed a contract with the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played in two pre-season games for the Bombers before being released by the team due to the restrictions on the number of national and international players on the team's roster; the team kept their Canadian incumbent (Lirim Hajrullahu).Ottawa Redblacks
A few weeks after being released by Winnipeg, he signed with the Ottawa Redblacks. In week four of the season, <mask> was named the CFL's Special Teams

masks: Maher Maher Maher Maher


title: Brett Maher (American football)

texts:
 Player of the Week after going 6-for-6 on field goals, scoring all the Redblacks' points in an 18–17 decision over the Toronto Argonauts. The victory marked the expansion club's first-ever win. On May 13, 2015, he was released by the Redblacks because of a hip injury he suffered in the prior month, before the start of training camp. He missed all but 4 games during the season due to the injury. Hamilton Tiger-Cats
On May 19, 2016, <mask> signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats after taking part in a team mini-camp. He completed 82% of his field goal attempts that season, going 41-for-50, and had a punt average of 45.9 yards.Cleveland Browns
On March 20, 2017, <mask> signed with the Cleveland Browns. On May 2, he was released after not being able to pass rookie Zane Gonzalez on the depth chart. Ottawa Redblacks (second stint)
On June 10, 2017, <mask> signed with the Ottawa Redblacks. He achieved the same completion percentage as the previous season in Hamilton (82%), recording the same amount of field goals (41) on 50 attempts. His punt average was 46.7 yards. Dallas Cowboys (second stint)

2018 season
On April 4, 2018, <mask> signed with the Dallas Cowboys, to limit the off-season workload of Dan Bailey. He was 4 out of 5 field goal attempts in preseason, which included two 45-yarders and a 57-yard field goal.On September 1, in a surprise move, the Cowboys released Bailey, making <mask> the team's kicker to start the season. His NFL debut came in the season opener against the Carolina Panthers, where he missed his first career field goal attempt (47 yards). He would then go on to make fifteen straight field goal attempts. In Week 4, <mask> kicked all four field goals (32, 43, 22, and 38 yards), including a 38-yard game-winner as time expired, in a 26–24

masks: Maher Maher Maher Maher Maher Maher


title: Brett Maher (American football)

texts:
 comeback win over the Detroit Lions, earning him NFC Special Teams Player of the Week. On October 14 in a game against the Jacksonville Jaguars, <mask> converted 4 field goals, including a 55-yarder which at the time was his career long and the second-longest field goal in AT&T Stadium behind Dan Bailey's 56-yard field goal. From Week 7 to Week 11, he missed either a field goal or an extra point in 4 straight games. On November 18, <mask> kicked a 48-yard game-winning field goal to beat the Atlanta Falcons.On December 9, 2018, <mask> kicked a new career-long 62-yard field goal against the Philadelphia Eagles as time expired in the first half. The field goal also set a franchise record and tied for the third-longest in NFL history. In Week 16, <mask> converted two field goals (including the second longest in franchise history-59 yards) and three extra points in a 27–20 win over the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, earning him NFC Special Teams Player of the Week. He made 5-of-8 (63%) field goal attempts in the final 4 games (not including playoffs), missing a field goal in three of the last 4 games. He finished with 29-of-36 field goals (80.6%), 32-of-33 extra points and 67.5% touchbacks of his kickoffs. He ranked eighth in the league with 29 field goals and tied for most field goals of at least 50 yards (6), which also tied a franchise record for a single-season. He was 25th in field goal percentage and tied for 11th in the league in accuracy from 40–49 yards (7-of-11).2019 season
In 2019, <mask> struggled with his accuracy during the preseason, but the team showed confidence on his ability by not bringing another kicker to compete with him. On October 13, in a loss against the New York Jets, <mask> became the first kicker in NFL history to have two made field goals


title: Brett Maher (American football)

texts:
 of 62 or more yards in a career. On October 6, he made one out of 3 field goal attempts against the Green Bay Packers. On October 20, <mask> set a new career long and broke his own Cowboys franchise record when he scored a 63-yard field goal against the Philadelphia Eagles. On the game, he converted all four of his extra points and all three of his field goals, earning him NFC Special Teams Player of the Week. <mask> kept struggling during the season with accuracy issues, but the team was patient, waiting for him to play through it. On November 28, he missed 2 field goals (one deflected) in the 15–26 loss against the Buffalo Bills.On December 5, <mask> missed a 42-yard field goal in the 31–24 loss against the Chicago Bears, his 10th miss of the season. Although he converted a 31-yard attempt in the final two minutes to cut the lead to 7 points, he also hit a kickoff out of bounds early in the fourth quarter, helping the Bears take over at their own 40-yard. After the game he was quoted in the media as saying: "I felt like I hit every ball pretty well tonight. I'll put my head on the pillow tonight feeling good about what I did this week and moving forward". On December 9, with the team experiencing a streak of three straight losses and in danger of missing the playoffs, <mask> was released by the Cowboys due to accuracy concerns. He finished the season converting just 20-of-30 field goals (67%), 7-of-13 (54%) on attempts between 30 and 49 yards, missing at least one attempt in 8 of 13 games and making all 36 extra points. He also set NFL career (3) and single-season (2) records for most field goals made of over 60 yards.He was replaced by Kai Forbath. New York Jets (second stint)
On December 31, 2019, the Jets signed <mask> to a reserve/futures contract

masks: Maher Maher Maher Maher Maher


title: Brett Maher (American football)

texts:
 and was waived on August 31, 2020. Washington Football Team
<mask> signed with the practice squad of the Washington Football Team on September 10, 2020, before being released on September 30, 2020. Houston Texans
On October 12, 2020, <mask> was signed to the Houston Texans' practice squad. He was released on December 14, 2020. Arizona Cardinals
On December 25, 2020, <mask> was signed to the Arizona Cardinals' practice squad. He signed a reserve/future contract on January 5, 2021.On March 20, 2021, <mask> was waived after the Cardinals signed placekicker Matt Prater. New Orleans Saints
On August 10, 2021, <mask> signed with the New Orleans Saints. He was waived/injured on August 17 and placed on injured reserve. He was waived on August 21, 2021. He was re-signed to the practice squad on November 16. He was promoted to the active roster on November 19, 2021. In Week 13 against his former team, the Dallas Cowboys, <mask> was 1-for-2 on field goal attempts as the Saints lost 27–17.In Week 15 against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers he was responsible for the only points in the game making all three of his field goal attempts in a 9-0 victory. He was waived again on February 22, 2022. References

External links
Nebraska Cornhuskers bio

1989 births
Living people
People from Kearney, Nebraska
Players of American football from Nebraska
American football placekickers
American football punters
American players of Canadian football
Arizona Cardinals players
Canadian football placekickers
Canadian football punters
Nebraska Cornhuskers football players
New York Jets players
Dallas Cowboys players
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Ottawa Redblacks players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Cleveland Browns players
Washington Football Team players
Houston Texans players
New Orleans


title: Anthony Koutoufides

texts:
<mask> (born 18 January 1973) is a retired Australian rules footballer with the Carlton Football Club. Considered by many as one of the most powerful and athletic players of all-time, he played in almost every position and was often called the prototype of the modern footballer. Of Greek and Italian descent, <mask> has been an Australian celebrity, making numerous television appearances both during and after his football career. He was a gladiator in the Australian television series Gladiators in character as Kouta, "a Gladiator touched by the gods" and won the Australian version of Dancing with the Stars in 2006. Career
<mask> was recruited from Lalor by Carlton in 1990. He played 50 games in the reserves, where he won the 1991 best and fairest. Beginning his AFL career in 1992, he quickly established himself as one of the most versatile and athletic players ever to play the game.He was a strong mark, a beautiful kick and a

masks:
Anthony Koutoufides
Koutoufides
Koutoufides


title: Anthony Koutoufides

texts: hard runner, a state under-16 high jump champion who also competed in the 110m hurdles and the discus, made a choice to switch from track and field athletics to Australian rules football. His profile grew through the early to mid-1990s, and he was a star of the game by 1995. <mask> was best known for both his strong mark, and his incredible one-handed capability at stoppages. He was better than any other player in the league at picking the ball up off the ground with one hand, and then looping that arm over opponents to set up clearing handpasses. He played in Carlton's 1995 premiership, earning All-Australian selection in that year. From 1996 to 1999, <mask> was a solid contributor to the team, playing more often in key positions. This was usually in defence, but played some games in the forward line, scoring his career-best 6.4 against Collingwood in 1997.He was the club leading goalkicker in 1997 with 28 goals. In 1999, he

masks: Koutoufides Koutoufides


title: Anthony Koutoufides

texts:
 was selected in the final Victorian State of Origin team, his only ever Big V.

<mask> rose to greatness in 2000, his best season. He played 20 games, averaging 26 disposals, over six marks and nearly two goals a game. He managed his career-high 39 disposals against Sydney in Round 8. He was clear favourite in the Brownlow Medal, but suffered a knee injury (torn posterior cruciate ligament) in the Round 20 against Essendon in front of 91,000 fans; he held the equal-lead in the Brownlow count at the time of his injury, but unable to poll votes in the final three games, he ultimately finished fourth. He would also fail to win Carlton's best and fairest, that prize shared between Brett Ratten and Scott Camporeale, but he won the prestigious AFLPA MVP Award (now known as the Leigh Matthews Trophy), and would gain All-Australian selection for the second time; his knee injury would prevent him from taking part in the International