title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 Perkins to form T'N'T, eventually releasing the album My Better Half, a collection of acoustic originals and cover versions. The album received mixed reviews for its minimal production values and "tongue-in-cheek" covers, such as Rod Stewart's "Tonight's the Night". In August 2021, it was announced that <mask> had become the Hard-Ons' new lead singer. <mask> first album with the band, I'm Sorry Sir, That Riff's Been Taken, was released in October 2021.Film
Along with a You Am I cameo appearance in the film Dirty Deeds, <mask> has made various forays into acting. His first acting experience was a small cameo role in Jane Campion's Holy Smoke!, while his television acting debut was released on 28 July 2005, an episode of ABC TV's medical drama series MDA in which <mask> played Joel Palmer, a rock star who donates a kidney to a daughter he did not know he had fathered. <mask> also acted in the Michael Weisler short film Hunter Finkelstein that was shown at the 2005 Melbourne International Film Festival. In January 2013, <mask> and Australian musician Megan Washington worked as actors on the musical/thriller film The Boy Castaways. Filmed in Adelaide, Australia, the film was directed by Michael Kantor, who also directed the 2009 theatre production Woyzeck (in which <mask> also starred). Filming took three weeks and the premiere occurred at the Adelaide Film Festival in October 2013. In 2013, <mask> also played Glendle in Drama Tracks directed by John Curran alongside with actors Mia Wasikowsa and Adam Driver.<mask> features in the music video of the Reels' "Quasimodo's Dream", produced by Sandpit, to coincide with the theatrical release of The Boy Castaways

masks: Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

type: original

texts:
 in late 2013. Theatre
In February 2009, <mask> made his professional stage debut at the Malthouse Theatre as the Entertainer in its production of Woyzeck, a play directed by Kantour, with music composed by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis. In 2012, <mask> composed the score for Marion Potts' production of Federico García Lorca's Blood Wedding at the Malthouse Theatre. During the production's run in August 2012, <mask> described the score as "impressionistic" in a media interview and revealed that his initial method involved producing large pieces of music and then discarding 95 percent of it: "If it's not needed to have music there, or complementary, just leave it out. So at times we have sounds emanating from the stage that are only vaguely tonal." In 2012, <mask> also acted in and composed the music for The Story of Mary MacLane by Herself, by Ride on Theatre's Bojana Novakovic (script adaptation) and Tanya Goldberg (director). <mask> performed original compositions for the play, accompanied by musicians Dan Witton and Andy Baylor.Sydney's Griffin Theatre production occurred in early 2012, while the Melbourne season was held at the Beckett Theatre of the Malthouse Theatre complex during November and December. In 2015, <mask> took his album What Rhymes with Cars and Girls to the stage with the Melbourne Theatre Company. The musical's script was adapted by Aidan Fennessy, while <mask> was musical director. Actors Sophie Ross and Johnny Carr performed in the show, which was nominated for a Helpmann Award for Best New Australian Work in 2015. In 2019, <mask> brought his radio show Liquid Lunch (Double J) onto the stage alongside with broadcaster Johnny Von Goes

masks: Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 and sound designer Russell Goldsmith. Television
<mask> has frequently appeared as a television guest on programs such as RocKwiz, Rove Live, Talkin' 'bout Your Generation, The Fat and Hard Quiz. He appeared as himself in the second season of The Micallef Program and in the "Be a Rock Star" episode of Lawrence Leung's Choose Your Own Adventure, and also appeared in several episodes of the ABC television series MDA as a rock musician.<mask>' interview on Andrew Denton's Enough Rope coincided with the September 2008 launch of You Am I's eighth studio album Dilettantes. In 2013, <mask> hosted the music performance/interview show Studio at the Memo during July and August. Guests on the show included Martha Wainwright, Tex Perkins, Kate Miller-Heidke, Bernard Fanning and Don Walker. The six-part series was produced by the Renegade company that also produces SBS Television's RocKwiz series. Writing for the Australian news outlet, Graeme Blundell concluded his review with the following sentiment:

There's no one else like him on TV and this show, like RocKwiz, should run for decades, especially as Foxtel has allocated a multi-million-dollar fund to record local performance. <mask> is seriously cool, in the sense that the word means calm, stoic, intriguing and impressive, and suggests reserved confidence, a self-conscious aplomb in behaviour that distances itself from authority rather than directly confronts it. A way of fitting in while standing out, maybe.Radio
Rogers presents the Liquid Lunch program on Double J digital radio each Friday afternoon (repeated Saturday afternoon)

Writing
<mask> has written for Australian publication The Monthly on two

masks: Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 occasions: a review of Don Walker's musical memoir Shots from March 2009, and a small non-fiction piece in December 2010. <mask> also wrote the cover feature article of the inaugural edition of the Australian bicycle magazine Treadlie in 2010, in which he covers topics such as baskets, songwriting and cycling outfits: "Just as I festoon myself in full North Melbourne kit circa 1975 to challenge both my hamstrings and mid-life plight at footy training of a Wednesday and Sunday, so shall my treadling brethren furnish themselves for celerity." <mask> published his literary memoir titled "Detours" in 2017. Other projects
In late 2004, <mask> wrote a jingle called "Our Time Begins Again Today" for the Australian Cricket Board's summer promotional campaign "Long Live The Weekend". <mask> was the face of the Australian Football League (AFL)'s 2012 finals series, starring in a television commercial and print advertising campaign. The advertisements, featuring the slogan "This Is Greatness", consist of <mask> recounting some of the greatest final moments in AFL history. <mask> has been involved with soundtracks for Australian films over the course of his career: the Idiot Box soundtrack, together with Nick Launay, in 1999; the Dirty Deeds soundtrack in 2002; and Wish You Were Here, a 2012 film starring Joel Edgerton.Controversy
In 2003, a drunken <mask> taunted Australian Idol judge Mark Holden in an Adelaide airport terminal. He claimed that You Am I were told to "make way" by their record label for new Idol winners. A physical altercation ensued and both parties were reprimanded by airport authorities. At the 2004 Falls Festival, in Marion Bay, Tasmania, You

masks: Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 Am I were one of the headline bands. However, <mask> apologised midway through the band's performance and walked off the stage. Guitarist Davey Lane tried to stop <mask>, but the lead singer became aggressive and continued on his way. The Age newspaper reported:

<mask> threw his guitar onto the stage mid-song, saying he couldn't continue, and stormed off, pushing another band member who also walked off-stage looking upset ... <mask> also was involved in an incident backstage with singer Missy Higgins which left her visibly upset ...But Higgins recovered and joined Melbourne band The Beautiful Girls on stage to entertain the crowd when <mask> stopped playing. Less than a week later, <mask> posted on the You Am I website, "I fucked up and take total responsibility for my actions. I've got some problems with intoxicants that I haven't dealt with in a long time and it's come back and bit me." <mask> returned to Tasmania two months later to perform in the A Day on the Green series at Tolosa Park, alongside the Waifs and Pete Murray. Personal life
<mask> has a daughter. He was married to Rocio Garcia Rodriguez, his daughter's mother, between 1999 and the early 2010s. They met in Madrid, Spain, and later lived together in Melbourne.Rodriguez worked as a Spanish philosophy teacher, and was the founding director of Melbourne's La Mirada Film Festival. In August 2012 <mask> reflected on their divorce by explaining, "To my great shame I took my marriage for granted." <mask> draws income from various artistic projects such as music, soundtrack composition and acting, as well as other ventures like gardening. <mask> experienced mental health issues such as anxiety

masks: Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 during his twenties, including panic attacks. He chose to openly disclose this information from the 2000s onwards, to help others experiencing similar symptoms. <mask> revealed in 2012 that he is much happier at the age of 42 years than he was in his mid-twenties:

I’m far more excited about anything currently, I’m enjoying more, I’ve read more, I’ve seen more. No nostalgia at all.A couple of good records … that I heard. Did some great travelling, but I travel better now, I was really sort of medicined up. I didn’t enjoy touring as much, we were doing some touring through Europe and the States and I enjoy doing those tours more now. I enjoy everything about touring and being in the band more now. I don’t think back on it anything less than fondly, but I’m so much happier at 42 than I was at 26. <mask> has also been involved in relationships with Australian musician Megan Washington and Serbian-Australian actor Bojana Novakovic. In an August 2012 interview, <mask> revealed that a significant number of his relationships were broken due to attention from the press.<mask>' 2017 memoir Detours detailed his late 2010s relationship with a woman he referred to as "The Hurricane". <mask> named this partner as Rosemary in interviews surrounding the book. An avid sports fan since childhood, <mask> enjoys the game of Australian rules football, and played in the 2005 and 2009 Community Cup charity matches for Melbourne, Australia's Sacred Heart Mission charitable organisation. <mask> is a supporter of North Melbourne and joined in the resistance against the AFL's effort to relocate the club to the Gold Coast, Queensland. As part of the protest, <mask> hosted the


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 "Roo-sistence" benefit concert that featured You Am I, T'N'T and other popular Australian rock bands. <mask> has been an avid Sturt Football Club supporter (in the SANFL) since about the age of five. He was made the official club ambassador in 2015, and attends games when possible.<mask> has lived in the Melbourne seaside suburb of St Kilda since 1999, and has referred to the "crepuscular ambience of St Kilda". In late 2012, <mask> briefly explained his perspective of St Kilda:

Winter is particularly great … Backpacker culture isn’t as obvious, so you tend to see folks you haven’t seen for the rest of the year all clamouring for hot toddies. I was away for two months doing theatre in Sydney and was then in the States for two months. It’s pretty good when you come home from a trip that’s been rather eventful and if you’re really excited to be home. Guitars and equipment

Over the course of his career, <mask> has been most associated with a series of Rickenbacker 360F copies made by Sydney luthier Piers Crocker, known as "Crockenbackers". <mask> owns four of the five Crockenbackers made, including a 12-string, bought after borrowing Brad Shepherd's Fender Coronado 12-string to record Hourly, Daily. <mask> bought his first Crockenbacker just before the recording of Hi Fi Way and has used them ever since.Prior to Hi Fi Way, his main guitar was a Gibson ES-345. <mask> has used various guitars in addition to the Crockenbackers, predominantly Fender Telecasters, including a '52 Reissue, a 70s Telecaster Deluxe and a '72 Thinline Reissue. The latter was given to Lane shortly after Lane joined the band. During the recording of Dilettantes, <mask> also began


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 using Fender Jazzmasters, using them on all subsequent tours to date, in addition to the Crockenbackers. For acoustics, <mask> predominantly used a Guild JF30 and a custom-built Piers Crocker acoustic. He has also been seen playing Cole Clark Fat Lady and Maton acoustics at various times. While recording Sound As Ever, <mask> became enamoured with Lee Ranaldo's Fender Tonemaster amplifier, and shortly thereafter bought one for himself; he has used this amplifier for all You Am I work since the recording of Hi-Fi Way.For <mask>' work with the Temperance Union, he has used a Sunn combo amplifier. <mask> uses an overdrive pedal and a tremolo pedal, the latter custom made by Colin Bloxom, as well as a wah pedal and, occasionally, a Route 66 overdrive/compression pedal. <mask> also uses an overdrive pedal that was built by Ramblin' Guitars. <mask> has stated that one of his most important musical tools is a capo: "Probably 90 per cent of every song I've ever written involves a capo ... When first using one, the possibilities of things become realisations, and you could write in different keys and things. I think I want to be buried with one." Backing bands
Over the course of his solo albums, <mask> has utilised the support of two main backing bands; however, membership between the two has overlapped.The Twin Set
Formed from the recording of What Rhymes With Cars And Girls, The Twin Set was country and folk-influenced. The band featured Jen Anderson (from Weddings Parties Anything), Lane (who would shortly afterwards join You Am I on lead guitar), as well as Stuart Speed and Ian Kitney, who would go on to form the rhythm section for the Temperance Union. The


title: Tim Rogers (musician)

texts:
 Temperance Union
Consisting of The Twin Set's rhythm section, together with guitarist, Shane O'Mara (from Rebecca's Empire and Paul Kelly's band), the Temperance Union maintained the country influence of the Twin Set, but added a rock 'n' roll element. After the recording of Dirty Ron/Ghost Songs, Speed died and was replaced by Peter Lawler (a.k.a. "Dr Pump"). Discography

Studio albums

Movie soundtracks
 Idiot Box (1999)
 Dirty Deeds (2002)
 Wish You Were Here

References

External links

Official You Am I site
<mask> official site
<mask> at the Internet Movie Database
At Home with <mask> 2017 photo shoot inside <mask>' St Kilda home

1969 births
Living people
ARIA Award winners
Australian singer-songwriters
People from Kalgoorlie
Australian multi-instrumentalists
You Am I members
Australian male singer-songwriters
People educated at Oakhill

masks:
Tim Rogers
Tim Rogers
Tim Rogers
Tim Rogers


title: Randy Stuart

texts:
<mask> (born Elizabeth Shaubell; October 12, 1924 – July 20, 1996), was an American actress in film and television. A familiar face in several popular films of the 1940s and 1950s, and later in western-themed television series, she is perhaps best remembered as Louise Carey, the wife of Scott Carey, played by Grant Williams, in The Incredible Shrinking Man (1957), a science-fiction classic named in 2009 as “culturally, historically or aesthetically” significant to be preserved for all time in the Library of Congress's National Film Registry. Early years
<mask>'s parents, John and Gladys Shaubell, were itinerant musicians in the American South and the Middle West. She was born in Iola in Allen County in southeastern Kansas, and made her stage debut at the age of three. The Shaubells relocated to Compton, California, where <mask> went to high school and Compton Junior College. <mask> was a regular on The Jack Carson Show in 1946. Film
A screen test in the play The Women led to <mask>'s being placed under contract at 20th Century-Fox.Her film debut was uncredited in the 1947 picture The Foxes of Harrow. <mask> played the birth mother of main character Stephen Fox in the film's initial scene. In 1948, she played Peggy, a knowing secretary (and collaborator with star Clifton Webb), in the comedy Sitting Pretty. She also appeared that year (sixth-billed) as the wife of a returning veteran in Apartment for Peggy with William Holden and Jeanne Crain. In 1949, she portrayed Lieutenant Eloise Billings, an object of desire for Cary Grant, in the Howard Hawks film I Was a Male War Bride, also starring

masks:
Randy Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Radio Stuart
Stuart
Stuart


title: Randy Stuart

texts:
 Ann Sheridan. That same year, she appeared opposite Jose Ferrer in Otto Preminger's psychological noir Whirlpool. <mask> was billed on posters as a supporting player in the musical comedy Dancing in the Dark, starring William Powell and Betsy Drake.In 1950, <mask> was briefly in that year's Best Picture, All About Eve, as a telephone friend of Anne Baxter. (The same film featured Marilyn Monroe, a classmate of <mask>'s from dance training at Fox.) She had fourth billing in the noir comedy Stella, with Ann Sheridan and Victor Mature. In 1951, she appeared as Marge Boyd in I Can Get It For You Wholesale, in what might have been her breakout role. In 1952, <mask> teamed again with Grant and Drake in the comedy Room for One More for Warner Bros.

For Star in the Dust (1956), one of the scenes featured co-star Coleen Gray and <mask> fighting for possession of incriminating letters hidden in a suitcase. The seasoned actresses invited their husbands to watch the filming of the action scene, which lasted over 50 seconds of screen time and included both women punching and wrestling each other. At the conclusion of the choreographed scene, Gray recalled in a later interview, the women simply dusted themselves off, but the two husbands "were pale and clammy and weak in the knees," having watched their wives engage in a lengthy fistfight.After 1957's Incredible Shrinking Man, she was cast as Nancy Dawson in the 1958 western film, Man from God's Country, starring George Montgomery. She also guest-starred about that time in Montgomery's short-lived television western television series, Cimarron City.

masks: Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart


title: Randy Stuart

texts:
 Television

<mask>'s TV career had a solid start with her co-starring role as Louise Baker, the wife of Cold War spy Alan Hale Jr., in the 26-episode filmed adventure series Biff Baker, U.S.A., which aired on CBS in the 1952-53 season (and was recently released on DVD). In October 1953, she co-starred with Richard Conte in the Ford Theatre production "Emergency." Following her last film role in 1958, <mask> appeared for several years in TV dramas (usually westerns), most of them produced by Warner Bros. Television for the ABC network. In 1959 and 1960, <mask> had a recurring role as Nellie Cashman in 11 episodes of the ABC series The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, with Hugh O'Brian in the title role of Marshal Wyatt Earp. Nellie was briefly a romantic interest for Earp.From 1958 to 1961, <mask> guest-starred four times on Clint Walker's ABC/Warner Bros. western Cheyenne, including a role opposite Robert Colbert in the 1960 episode "Two Trails to Santa Fe". In another 1960 role, she played the mentally unbalanced Claire Russo in the episode "Tangled Trail" of Ty Hardin's ABC/WB series, Bronco, which rotated with Cheyenne. Her other western appearances were on Lawman (two appearances), Cimarron City, Colt .45, and Maverick. Her non-western appearances included the ABC/WB dramas 77 Sunset Strip (as Lucy Norton in the 1962 Cold War-themed episode "The Reluctant Spy", opposite Efrem Zimbalist Jr.), Bourbon Street Beat, The Roaring 20s, One Step Beyond, and Hawaiian Eye (two appearances). She also guest-starred on CBS fantasy-drama The Millionaire. <mask>'s NBC roles included an episode of


title: Randy Stuart

texts:
 top-rated Bonanza, "The Duke", directed by Robert Altman and first aired in March 1961, in which she played a saloon girl called Marge Fuller. Earlier, she appeared twice on the 1955-56 NBC comedy It's a Great Life, with Frances Bavier.After a hiatus of five years from television, <mask> returned in 1967 and 1968 as Eileen Gannon, wife of Harry Morgan's character Officer Bill Gannon on NBC's popular Dragnet. Her final TV appearance was as Miss Kallman in the 1975 episode "The Covenant" of ABC's Marcus Welby, M.D. '', with Robert Young in the title role. Later years
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, <mask> (known by her married name, Betty Wallis) was instrumental in developing the alumni program at Chaminade College Preparatory School in West Hills, California, from which her two youngest children had graduated. Personal life and death
<mask> was married to Kenneth Wayne Smith (1943-1945), Edward Charles George (1947-1954 (one child)), Lane Allan (1954-1968 (three children), and Ernest Deneen Wallis (1971-1982). The first three marriages ended in divorce, and the last ended with Wallis's death. <mask> died of lung cancer on July 20, 1996, at the age of 71 in Bakersfield, California.Filmography

References

External links

1924 births
1996 deaths
American television actresses
American film actresses
Actresses from Kansas
People from Iola, Kansas
People from Compton, California
Actresses from Los Angeles
Actresses from Bakersfield, California
El Camino College Compton Center alumni
20th Century Fox contract players
20th-century American actresses
Deaths from cancer in California
Deaths

masks: Stuart Stuart Stuart Stuart


title: Dmitry Borovikov

texts:
<mask>v () also known as «Kislyi» (Sour) (9 June 1984 – 18 May 2006) — was a Russian neo-Nazi and neo-Pagan, the organizer of two extremist groups "Mad Crowd" and "Combat Terrorist Organization" (; Boevaya Terroristicheskaya Organizaciya, BTO). He died from a wound when detained by operatives of the 18th (political) department of the UBOP on May 18, 2006. Biography
<mask> was born in Leningrad in the russian family of an employee of the criminal investigation department of the Admiralty police Department. He lived in house 4 in Boytsov Lane. After graduation, he entered the law Faculty of the Regional University, where he studied for 2.5 years. In the period from 1999 to 2006, <mask>v was detained several times by law enforcement agencies on suspicion of attacks on people of non-European appearance. So, he and his friend named Yan were detained on charges of attacking a Chinese man who was stabbed from behind.But in the end, Yan was the only one convicted. Schultz-88
<mask> met <mask> ("Schultz") as a 16-year-old teenager. For his love of heavy music and the band "Kiss", Borovikov received the nickname "Kislyi" (), to which he subscribed in online publications. In the summer of 2001, <mask>v joined Schultz-88, where he became the "right hand" of the leader. Borovikov was at the origins of "Schultz-88" and took an active part in all the significant actions of 2001-2002. Also while in "Schultz-88", Kislyi was actively engaged in propaganda. Many articles in the magazines «Made in St. Petersburg» and «Гнев Перуна» (The Wrath of Perun), such as «Жёлтая угроза» (The Yellow Threat), «Аргументы и

masks:
Dmitry Alexandrovich Boroviko
Dmitry Borovikov
Dmitry Boroviko
Dmitry
Dmitry Bobrov
Dmitry Boroviko


title: Dmitry Borovikov

texts:
 to the employees of the 18th department of the Department of Internal Affairs, «at first, there were six of them, then nine, and at the end it seems to be eleven people. But only the managers themselves knew exactly how much. At Schultz and in "Mad Crowd", everyone bragged about their exploits right and left.By and large, this is where they all sat down. And here the conspiracy was so tough that it is impossible to get to the truth even now». Bloody 2004
Borovikov was detained in 2004 in the high-profile case of the "Tajik girl" Khursheda Sultonova, who was killed on February 9 near his home. Borovikov was detained three hours after the murder, but the traces of blood found on his clothes were thoroughly washed with gasoline, and therefore it was not possible to identify what was found with the blood of the deceased. It was suggested that Borovikov managed to evade responsibility, thanks to the connections of his father, a police officer. On June 7, Borovikov organized the execution of two of his former associates Rostislav Hoffman and Alexey Golovchenko in the forest near the village of Zahodskoye in the Vyborg district. They were wounded with a crossbow and finished off with knives.The direct perpetrators of the murder were Alexey Voevodin, Roman Orlov and Artem Prokhorenko. On June 19, the scientist Nikolai Girenko was killed by Borovikov's associates Andrey Kostrachenkov and Artem Prokhorenko. Presumably, <mask> was related to this crime, because he spoke unflatteringly about this expert:

In 2004, a criminal case was opened against "Mad Crowd". Then almost all the members of the group


title: Dmitry Borovikov

texts:
 were arrested, except <mask>v and Ruslan Melnik. They were accused of creating an "extremist community". The investigation was able to prove only a few episodes of attacks. In hiding
Since April 25, 2005 Borovikov was put on the international wanted list for extremism with the note "especially dangerous" and "may actively resist during detention".While on the run, <mask> and other gang members, in order to support their financial situation, began to engage in robberies of post offices, and articles were added to the criminal case for robberies on post offices, banditry, robberies, kidnappings. At this time, magazines were released, in the creation of which <mask> directly participated: "Smell of Hatred","Kill or be killed","Grin". On December 18, <mask>v had a daughter, Anna Borovikova, born. On April 7, 2006, Borovikov organized the murder of Senegalese Samba Lampsar (1978-2006), a 5th-year student of the Bonch-Bruevich State University, one of the leaders of the "African Unity", who was returning from the "Apollo" nightclub (12 Izmailovsky Avenue). The murder was directly committed by Andrey Malyugin near the house 17 on the 5th Krasnoarmeyskaya Street. The murder weapon was a pump-action shotgun, which was left at the crime scene. A swastika and the phrases «skinhead weapon» and «death to Negroes» were scrawled on the butt of the gun.Death
On May 18, 2006, <mask> was sitting in the courtyard with a friend at the house No. 23 on Planernaya Street. When he saw that a group of people in civilian clothes (operatives) were approaching him, he realized that law enforcement officials had decided

masks:
Dmitry Boroviko
Borovikov
Dmitry
Dmitry Boroviko
Dmitry


title: Malcolm Jardine

texts:
<mask> (8 June 1869 – 16 January 1947) was an English first-class cricketer who played 46 matches, mainly for Oxford University. Although his first-class record was not impressive, he scored 140 in the University Match of 1892 using an unorthodox batting method. He played a few matches for Middlesex but later went to work in India, in effect ending his English first-class career. He played first-class cricket in India for the Europeans and after a successful legal career, returned to England. His son Douglas went on to play cricket for Oxford, Surrey and England, captaining the latter two and being associated with the use of Bodyline bowling. Early life
<mask> was born in Simla, British India on 8 June 1869 to a family which had been connected with India for many years. He was the second son of <mask>, a barrister and later a judge in Allahabad who had a successful legal career before he died from cholera aged 32.He was educated at Fettes College, a boarding school in Edinburgh, making it into the school cricket team for four consecutive years. He established a good reputation and was appointed captain of the side in 1888. That year, his batting average was 77.70, and he took 24 wickets at an average of 6.30, coming top of both sets of averages for the school. First-class cricketer

Career at Oxford
In 1889, <mask> went to Balliol College, Oxford. He made his first-class debut for Oxford University against the Gentlemen of England. In his third match, against Lancashire, he passed fifty for the first time. Although his next highest score in fifteen innings was just 33, and he failed to reach double figures eight times, he was awarded his Blue.He had some success with his bowling, taking five wickets for 78 in a Surrey total of 614. He played in the University Match but failed to score in either innings and Oxford lost heavily. In total, he scored 198 runs at an average of 13.20.

masks:
Malcolm Robert Jardine
Jardine
William Jardine
Jardine


title: Malcolm Jardine

texts:
 The following season, <mask> scored more runs at a higher average, but failed to pass fifty in an innings. He scored 218 runs at an average of 14.53 and did not bowl. Although he was more successful in the University Match, scoring 3 and 24, Oxford lost again after being bowled out for 42 in their first innings. In 1891, <mask> was appointed captain of the university.He further improved his aggregate and average with 255 runs at an average of 18.21, and took two wickets for five runs in the only innings in which he bowled. In the second and third matches, he scored 62 not out and 70 in consecutive innings against the Gentlemen of England and H Phillipson's XI, but did not pass fifty again. Playing in the University Match, he scored a duck in the first innings and 15 in the second, and Oxford lost their third successive match, although they took eight wickets before Cambridge reached their target of 93. <mask>'s final season at Oxford was his most successful; he recorded his highest aggregate and average despite playing only four matches for the club. At the start of the season, Lionel Palairet took over the captaincy. <mask>'s studies preventing him from playing in any of Oxford's home games, and he did not appear in the team until June. He only took part in three games before the University Match, although in the last of these he scored 60 against Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) at Lord's.1892 University Match
In his final University Match, Oxford batted first and <mask>'s innings began after his team had lost two wickets without scoring any runs. He batted for 285 minutes, scoring 140. Before lunch, he played very carefully but increased his scoring rate afterwards. In total, he hit 21 fours and The Times described his innings as faultless. Wisden noted his strong defence and his powerful leg glance. Critics noted that he frequently hit Stanley Jackson to the leg side, a method

masks: Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine


title: Malcolm Jardine

texts:
 of play which was unusual at the time. Players educated at Public School generally considered hitting to leg highly unorthodox and almost unfair.K. S. Ranjitsinhji, who was in the crowd at Lord's, would develop the leg glance and make it respectable within a few years, but he had not yet made his first-class debut in 1892. It is likely that <mask> was one of the first players to use this shot. Jackson refused to depart from the orthodox methods of the time, continuing to bowl with seven fielders on the off side and only two on the leg side, making it easier for <mask> to score runs. The Times commented that Cambridge "appeared a little slow to grasp the idea of putting a man on the leg side for [<mask>]". <mask> also hit 39 in the second innings as Oxford chased down a target to win for the only time in his University career. <mask>'s first innings remained his only first-class century. Other first-class cricket
In the remainder of the 1892 season, <mask> played for Middlesex.He played six matches, but scored just 102 runs and averaged 12.75 with the bat; hitting a highest score of 32 not out. Subsequently, <mask>'s work as a barrister took him to India, and he played just four more first-class matches in England. These were for the MCC at the beginning of the 1897 season, where he scored 185 runs at an average of 23.12 with two fifties and a highest score of 85. His only other first-class cricket was for the Europeans cricket team in India. He played in the annual Presidency Match against the Parsees between 1894 and 1902, only missing the 1899 and 1901 games. He scored just one fifty in eight matches, but his batting was admired by critics. Although <mask> did not have an impressive first-class record, critics including Ranjitsinjhi, and Plum Warner considered him a good batsman.C. B. Fry believed that if <mask> had played regular county cricket, he would have played for

masks: Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine


title: Malcolm Jardine

texts:
 England. Fry described him as a superb fielder and as "a beautiful player, with a perfect back-stroke and a perfect cut and neat late off drive." He did not bowl regularly after 1889, saving his energy for fielding. In 46 first-class matches, he scored 1,439 runs at an average of 17.76, took 15 wickets at an average of 14.40 and held 42 catches. Legal career
In 1893, <mask> was called to the Bar by the Middle Temple in 1893. He returned to India, where he practised at the Bombay Bar until 1916. At the time, British barristers dominated the Indian legal system, finding considerable financial reward, but causing resentment among the Indian legal profession.At the same time, <mask> held positions of increasing influence in India. He was Perry Professor of Jurisprudence and Roman Law from 1898 to 1902 and then Principal of the Government Law School until 1903. Subsequently, he was Clerk of the Crown, before being appointed Advocate General of Bombay in 1915 before retiring from India in 1916. In 1898, he married Alison Moir and they had one son, Douglas in 1900, who went on to play first-class and Test cricket for Surrey and England. Eventually, Douglas became a controversial England captain, introducing a form of hostile bowling known as Bodyline. The family lived in a wealthy area of Bombay and were well known in its social and sporting circle. With Douglas at Public School, <mask> and his wife returned to England in 1916.He took an interest in the Surrey team, becoming a member and later a vice-president. His wife died in 1936 while <mask> died in South Kensington on 16 January 1947. References

Bibliography

English cricketers
1869 births
1947 deaths
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Oxford University cricketers
People educated at Fettes College
Members of the Middle Temple
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Europeans cricketers
Cricketers from Himachal

masks: Jardine Jardine Jardine Jardine


title: José María Jiménez

texts:
<mask> (February 6, 1971 in El Barraco, Spain - December 6, 2003 in Madrid) was a professional road bicycle racer. During his career he excelled as a climber, winning numerous mountain stages. His nickname was "El Chava". Career
After a four month spell as a stagiaire (trainee), <mask> turned professional at the beginning of the 1993 season with the Spanish team Banesto which he would be a part of for the rest of his career. In his first year, his teammates included Tour de France champions Pedro Delgado and Miguel Induráin. Even at an early point in his career, <mask> was considered a potential successor of Induráin. Vuelta a España
<mask> was particularly successful in the Vuelta a España, winning nine stages in total, the points classification in 2001 and the mountains classification in 1997, 1998, 1999 and 2001.His four triumphs in the mountains classification of the Vuelta places him behind only <mask> Laguía as the rider with the most wins in the competition in the history of the race. His best year in the Vuelta was 1998. Here, he took the overall lead for the first time in his career after winning stage 6. However, he acknowledged that the individual time trial on stage 9 would inevitably cost him the lead, as this was a weakness of his. As expected, Jiménez found himself just over three minutes down on his Banesto teammate Abraham Olano after the time trial. But <mask> then won stages 10, 11 and 16, before finally taking back the overall lead from Olano with just two stages remaining. However, the following stage was another time trial in which he lost 2.50 to Olano and consequently the overall victory.Kelme rider Fernando Escartín also bested <mask> by enough to knock him down into 3rd place overall, his final placing. <mask> would never again lead the Vuelta. His second best overall performance was in 1999, in which he was 5th. Prior to that he was 12th in 1996 and 21st in 1997. He concluded his Vuelta career with three stage wins on his way to 17th place overall in 2001. Other races
Of other noteworthy results, <mask> won the Spanish National Road Race Championships in 1997 and secured

masks:
Jose María Jiménez Sastre
Jiménez
Jiménez
Jiménez
José Luis
Jiménez
Jiménez
Jiménez
Jiménez


title: José María Jiménez

texts:
 overall victories in the 2000 Volta a Catalunya and in the Vuelta a La Rioja in both 1994 and 1997. He also competed in both of the other Grand Tours, the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia.After a modest Giro d'Italia debut with 26th place in 1995, he was appointed leader of his Banesto team for the 1999 race and started off well by finishing 2nd after Marco Pantani on stage 8. However, a time trial and then a disastrous stage 14 followed, during which he lost over 20 minutes, making him drop to 38th overall. He eventually finished 33rd overall, never to return to the race. He had more luck in his Tour de France starts, finishing 8th overall in 1997 after a consistent performance which included four top 10 results on individual stages. He also challenged for stage wins in the 2000 edition, managing 3rd on the mountainous stage 10 and 2nd on stage 15, only beaten by Marco Pantani. Nonetheless, he finished 23rd overall, some 52 minutes down on winner Lance Armstrong. Style
Both on and off the bike, Jiménez was, with only a few exceptions, too erratic to ride consistently in stage races.He often attacked without considering the consequences, which however sometimes resulted in spectacular wins in the toughest mountain stages. A particularly memorable instance of this occurred during stage eight of the 1999 Vuelta a España. <mask> attacked the 23% gradient of the Angliru in rain and fog to catch Pavel Tonkov's long solo break at the line and take the stage in a two-man sprint. As he crossed the line, he did not have the energy for the victory pose. It was the first time in the history of the race that the Angliru was used. However, he would subsequently pay for his attacking style in the next stage, where he would often lose by 10 or more minutes. Death
Jiménez received psychological treatment for depression, and retired from professional cycling in 2002, at which point he got married.He died of a heart attack in a psychiatric hospital in Madrid at the age of 32, in December 2003. Spanish cyclist Carlos Sastre is <mask>'s brother-in-law. He dedicated his victory in the 2008 Tour de France to

masks: Jiménez Jiménez


title: Katherine Bowling

texts:
<mask> (born 1955, Washington, D.C.) is a painter known for her layered landscape paintings that draw inspiration from nature in the Hudson Valley. Early life and education

<mask> grew up in Tidewater, Virginia. She received her BFA from Virginia Commonwealth University in 1978. Painting

<mask>'s first New York show, as well as her first solo exhibition, was in 1987. <mask>'s works tend to be landscape paintings that often feature woods and fields as well as roads. Many of her paintings are based on her photographs of woods and fields surrounding and in Scholarie County, where she rents a house. As Molly O'Neill notes in an essay on <mask> and her work, this area is "fifty miles northwest of the vistas that inspired the Hudson River School painters in the mid-1800s."<mask> focused in particular on the imagery of roads for the theme of her exhibition at Greenberg Van Doren, Divide. As the title implies, writes Lilly Wei in the exhibition's accompanying catalog, <mask> views the roads as "abstract marks in the landscape that divide and order space." Even with roads she has often traveled, <mask> finds something new on closer inspection that alters her perception of the familiar and mundane. <mask> explains that the roads "function as a metaphor for memory and displacement." In 2001, <mask> exhibited a number of seascape paintings. In her essay on the exhibition, art historian and critic Nancy Princenthal writes that, far from being an aberration from <mask>'s typically home-based scenes, the ocean paintings are "a return to childhood memories and life long inclinations. A native of Virginia, she spent her first summers at the Atlantic shore and on the Chesapeake Bay."Primarily,

masks:
Katherine Bowling
Katherine Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling


title: Katherine Bowling

texts:
 however, <mask>'s works focus on capturing the play of light and shadow. Art critic Eleanor Heartney notes that "Her paintings, like those of Monet, Pissarro, and Renoir, focus on the ephemeral moment and the fleeting impression, conjuring the flicker of sunlight through the trees, the shifting shadows of early evening, the reflections of clouds and foliage glancing across the rippling surface of a lake." O'Neill argues that <mask> additionally "has an innate sense of abstraction and she ranges happy as an uncaged chicken, pecking elements from the Impressionists' obsession with light; from modern photography; and the drip paintings of Jackson Pollock." <mask> is influenced by the use of light in the paintings of European Romantics such as J.M.W. Turner and John Constable as well as by the later work of George Inness. Her paintings also recall landscapes by Claude Lorraine, Albert Pinkham Ryder and Camille Corot. Process

<mask> is known for her use of spackle.She uses a long process of layering and sanding to create the "back-lit" effect found in her paintings. First, the paintings begin as photographs which she typically takes near her rented house in the Hudson Valley. Then, she uses these photographs, which serve as her "preliminary drawings," to aid in the painting process. She also paints from memory and direct observation. <mask> paints on square panels of plywood. <mask> considers rectangular pieces to be too horizontal and rife of implications already of landscapes and horizons. She sometimes paints on one of these square and sometimes paints on several square panels together.The seams between these adjoined panels are left visible. Next, <mask> applies layers of spackle.

masks: Bowling Bowling Bowling Bowling Bowling Bowling Bowling


title: Katherine Bowling

texts:
 O'Neill remarks that "Inspired, perhaps, by her day job of painting houses, [<mask>] turned to more industrial media: damp vinyl spackle, a building compound that is applied to wooden panels to create a matte, fresco-like surface. Thinned oil pigments are poured, allowed to dry, and then the Sisyphean task of sanding begins." Initial layers generally correspond with the color of the light—varying from pinks, golds, blues, and oranges. Through this layering and sanding, she creates a luminous quality in her landscapes. Despite rigorous sanding, air bubbles within the spackle layers are revealed occasionally on the surface.Rather than disguise them, <mask> integrates them. Heartney writes that <mask> "allows these irregularities to become part of the painting so that the viewer's perception of the play of light  and shadow across the image cannot be separated from an awareness of surface itself." In later stages of painting, <mask> stands above panels to throw, dribble, and splatter paint with a hair dryer, recalling the techniques of Abstract Expressionists such as Jackson Pollock. <mask>: Moments of Grace. New York: DC Moore Gallery, 2010. Friesen, Andria. Speak for the Trees.Seattle, WA: Friesen Gallery, 2009. Wei, Lilly. <mask>: Divide. New York: Greenberg Van Doren Gallery, 2004. Princenthal, Nancy. <mask>: Land to Sea. New York: Joseph Helman Gallery, 2001.Heartney, Eleanor. <mask>. New York: BlumHelman Gallery, 1990. Scott, Sue. <mask>: New Paintings. New York: Blum Helman Gallery, 1992. References

1955 births
Living people
20th-century American painters
21st-century American painters
American women painters
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American women

masks:
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Bowling
Katherine Bowling
Katherine Bowling
Katherine Bowling
Katherine Bowling
Katherine Bowling


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 theory, this Ranavikrama was Mangalesha, who bore the title "Ranavikrama", and who was defeated by Mangalesha in a battle fought at Elpattu Simbhige. However, another theory identifies Ranavikrama as a Bana king. Date of ascension

Pulakeshi's Hyderabad inscription is dated 613 CE (Shaka year 534), and was issued during the third year of his reign, which suggests that he must have ascended the throne in c. 610–611 CE. The exact year of his ascension is debated among modern scholars. The 610–611 CE Goa grant inscription, which refers to an unnamed Chalukya overlord titled Shri-prithvi-vallabha Maharaja, was probably issued during the reign of Pulakeshi's predecessor Mangalesha. It is dated to the Shaka year 532: assuming it was issued after 532 years of the Shaka era had expired, the date of issue was 4 January 611 CE. However, if we assume that it was issued when the 532rd year of the Shaka era was current, it can be dated to 5 July 610 CE.Based on this inscription, the end of Mangalesha's reign is variously dated to 610 CE or 611 CE. The matter is complicated by the Maruturu inscription, which is dated to Pulakeshi's 8th regnal year, and was issued on the occasion of a solar eclipse on the new moon day (amavasya) of the Jyeshtha month. According to modern calculations, this solar eclipse took place on 21 May 616 CE, which would mean that Pulakeshi ascended the throne in 609 CE. Military conquests

After Mangalesha's death, <mask> appears to have faced opposition from multiple rivals, including those


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 who were loyal to Mangalesha and those who wanted to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the Chalukya war of succession. The Aihole inscription declares that "the whole world was enveloped in the darkness that was the enemies". Pulakeshin subjugated these enemies, and established the Chalukyas as the dominant power in the Indian peninsula. Appayika and Govinda

The Aihole inscription suggests that two rulers named Appayika and Govinda rebelled against Pulakeshin.The identity of these rulers is uncertain, but they are said to have approached the core Chalukya territory from the north of the Bhimarathi (modern Bhima) river in present-day Maharashtra. According to historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, the way they are mentioned in the inscription suggests that they were military adventurers and not from a royal background. However, according to historian Durga Prasad Dikshit, their names suggest that they may have belonged to a Rashtrakuta branch, which was distinct from the imperial Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. This branch may have become subordinate to the Chalukyas after facing invasions from the Nala and Mauryas of Konkan, and later rebelled taking advantage of the conflict between <mask> and Mangalesha. According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin adopted the policy of bheda (divide and conquer), and bestowed favours upon Govinda while alienating Appayika. Govinda became his ally, and Appayika was defeated. Recapture of Banavasi

<mask>'s predecessors had subjugated the Kadambas of Banavasi,

masks: Pulakeshin Pulakeshin


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 but the Kadambas no longer recognized the Chalukya suzerainty during his reign.<mask> marched against them, and besieged their capital of Banavasi. The Aihole inscription suggests that the Kadambas put up a strong resistance, but were ultimately defeated. The Kadamba ruler at this time was probably Bhogivarman. Pulakeshin ended the Kadamba dynasty, and annexed their territory to his empire. He divided this territory among his vassals: the major part of the Kadamba kingdom was granted to the Alupas under the name kadamba-mandala; the Nagarakhanda division of Banavasi was given to the Sendrakas. Alupas

According to the Aihole inscription, Pulakeshin subjugated the Alupas, who had earlier served as Kadamba vassals. However, according to the Chalukya inscriptions, the Alupas had already been subjugated by <mask>'s predecessors.Therefore, it appears that the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over the Alupas. Another possibility is that the Alupas had not been completely subdued by the Pulakeshin's predecessors. The location of the core Alupa territory during <mask>'s period is not certain. Alupas are known to have been ruling in the Dakshina Kannada region of Karnataka for several centuries, but some scholars believe that their capital was located at Humcha in the Shimoga district. After subjugating the Kadambas, <mask> assigned a major part of the former Kadamba territory to his Alupa vassal, who according to historian Moraes, may have been

masks: Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 Kundavarammarasa. If "Aluka" is considered a variant of "Alupa", the Marutura inscription suggests that the Alupa vassals of Pulakeshin also ruled over the Guntur district in present-day Andhra Pradesh. According to this inscription, the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, who was a Chalukya vassal, was appointed to govern this region.The 692 CE Sorab inscription describes Gunasagara's son Chitra-vahana as an "Alupa", which suggests that "Aluka" is a variant of "Alupa". Gangas of Talakad

The Aihole inscription credits <mask> with subjugating the Gangas of Talakad, who had matrimonial ties with the Kadambas. The Mahakuta pillar inscription of his predecessor Mangalesha states his father Kirttivarman also subjugated the Gangas. It is possible that the Gangas accepted the Chalukya suzerainty during Kirttivarman's reign, but subsequently gave up this allegiance taking advantage of the war of succession between Mangalesha and Pulakeshin. After <mask>'s victory over the Kadambas, the Gangas again accepted the Chalukya suzerainty, possibly without any military conflict. The Ganga ruler Durvinita married his daughter to Pulakeshin; she was the mother of <mask>'s son Vikramaditya I. The Gangas probably hoped to gain Chalukya support against the Pallavas, who had captured the Kongunadu region from them.The Gangas subsequently defeated the Pallava ruler Kaduvetti of Kanchi. Mauryas of Konkana

Pulakeshin's father Kirttivarman had defeated the Mauryas of Konkana (modern Konkan), who ruled in the coastal region of

masks: Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 present-day Goa and Maharashtra. The Mauryas acknowledged the Chalukya suzerainty during Mangalesha's reign, but seem to have declared independence during the Chalukya war of succession. After consolidating his power in southern Deccan, <mask> successfully besieged the Mauryan capital Puri, which is variously identified as Gharapuri (Elephanta) or Rajapuri (near Janjira). Latas, Malavas, and Gurjaras

The Aihole inscription states that Pulakeshin subjugated the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras, who were the northern neighbours of the Chalukyas. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit theorizes that these kingdoms may have accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty without a military conflict, when faced with an invasion from the northern king Harshavardhana. Alternatively, it is possible that these three rulers accepted Mangalesha's suzerainty after his victory over the Kalachuris, and the Aihole inscription simply refers to Pulakeshin reaffirming the Chalukya suzerainty over them.The Lata region (present-day southern Gujarat) was formerly under the control of the Kalachuris, who had been defeated by Mangalesha. <mask>, who appears to have annexed Lata to the Chalukya kingdom, placed it under the governorship of a member of the Chalukya family. The rule of the Chalukya governor Vijaya-varma-raja over Lata is attested by his 643 CE Kheda copper-plate inscription. The Malavas ruled in and around the present-day Malwa (Malava) region in central India. According to the Chinese traveler Xuanzang, Malava ("Mo-la-po") was


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 an independent kingdom, but the records of the Maitraka dynasty suggest that the Maitrakas controlled at least a part of the Malava territory. Thus, the Malavas may have been Maitraka vassals or independent rulers before they accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty. The Gurjaras were most probably the Gurjaras of Lata (or Bharuch), and the Gurjara ruler who accepted <mask>'s suzerainty was probably Dadda II.Victory over Harsha

The most notable military achievement of <mask> was his victory over the powerful emperor Harsha-vardhana, who ruled over much of northern India. The inscriptions of <mask>'s successors prominently mention this victory even when they ignore his other military achievements. Date

The date of the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin has been debated by modern scholars. The Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to <mask>'s 5th regnal year (c. 615 CE), mentions the conflict, but this inscription is regarded as spurious by modern scholars. Some scholars, such as K. V. Ramesh and K. A. Nilakanta Sastri, date the battle to c. 612 CE or before, based on the 612–613 CE Hyderabad inscription of Pulakeshin. This inscription boasts that Pulakeshin defeated a king who had fought a hundred battles (presumably Harsha). The later Chalukya inscriptions, dating from the reign of Vikramaditya I onwards, mention <mask>'s victory over Harsha using similar expressions.This early date for the war is also supported by the writings of Xuanzang, who states that Harsha fought wars for six years, and then

masks: Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 ruled in peace for thirty years. Scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni date the battle to the winter of 618–619 CE. These scholars note that the Bijapur-Mumbai grant inscription, dated to 4 April 619 CE, mentions <mask>'s victory over Harsha, which proves that the conflict definitely took place sometime before this date. The earlier Satara inscription of <mask>'s brother Vishnu-vardhana, issued during his 8th regnal year (c. 618 CE) does not mention the conflict. Based on this, Bapat and Sohoni theorize that the conflict took place between November 618 CE and February 619 CE. Some earlier scholars, such as D. Devahuti dated the conflict to 630s CE, but this is no longer considered correct after the publication of the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription in 2017. Cause of the war

The cause for the war between Harsha and Pulakeshin is not certain.Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri suggests that Harsha's growing influence may have driven the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras to accept Pulakeshin's suzerainty. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit adds that these three kingdoms are known to have been enemies of Harsha's father Prabhakara-vardhana, as attested by Harsha's court poet Bana: this enmity probably continued during the reign of Harsha. The Malava king played a role in the murder of Harsha's predecessor Rajya-vardhana, and also killed Harsha's brother-in-law, the Maukhari ruler Graha-varman. The Gurjara ruler Dadda II aided the Maitraka dynasty against Harsha. When Harsha decided to take action


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 against these three kingdoms, their rulers probably sought protection of Pulakeshin. Pulakeshin may have granted asylum to Harsha's adversaries. According to scholars Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni, the "Malavas" mentioned in the Chalukya record were the Later Guptas who controlled the Malwa region.The expansion of the Maitraka influence in the Malwa region must have attracted Harsha's attention. The Maitraka ruler Shiladitya I may have sympathized with <mask>'s cause during the latter's northern campaign against the Latas, the Malavas, and the Gurjaras. This situation ultimately resulted in a conflict between Harsha and Pulakeshin. Another possibility is that Harsha decided to take advantage of the turmoil resulting from the conflict between Mangalesha and <mask>, and invaded the Chalukya kingdom. During his march against Pulakeshin, Harsha advanced up to the Narmada River before being forced to retreat. Result

The Aihole inscription of Pulakeshin boasts the harsha (mirth) of Harsha melted away by fear, as his elephants fell in the battle. The only other inscription from his reign that mentions this battle is the Bijapur-Mumbai inscription.Harsha's court poet Bana does not mention this conflict in his biography Harsha-charita, presumably to avoid portraying his patron in a negative light. However, <mask>'s success against Harsha is confirmed by other independent sources. The Chinese traveler Xuanzang, who calls <mask>'s kingdom Mo-ho-la-cha (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"),


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 provides the evidence of <mask>'s success against Harsha. Xuanzang states that Shiladitya (that is, Harsha) had conquered the nations from east to west, and had marched with his army to remote parts of India: only the people of Mo-ho-la-cha had refused to accept his suzerainty. Xuanzang further states that Harsha gathered troops from different parts of his kingdom, summoned his best commanders, and himself led the army to punish the people of Mo-ho-la-cha, but could not subjugate them. The Rashtrakutas, who ultimately overthrew the Chalukyas several years after <mask>'s death, also boast that they defeated the dynasty that claimed victory over Harshavardhana, thus indirectly confirming Pulakeshin's achievement. The Aihole inscription poetically states that <mask>'s elephants had to avoid the neighbourhood of the Vindhya mountains beside the Narmada River, because they "by their bulk, rivalled the mountains".Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri interprets to mean that <mask> "did not send his elephant forces into the difficult Vindhya terrain", and guarded the passes with infantry. According to Shreenand L. Bapat and Pradeep S. Sohoni, the inscription suggests that <mask>'s army subsequently tried to cross the Vindhyas, in a bid to invade Harsha's kingdom, but was unsuccessful, which may explain why only two inscriptions from <mask>'s reign mention his conflict with Harsha. Dakshina Kosala and Kalinga

The Aihole inscription states that the rulers of Koshala and Kalinga accepted Pulakeshin's suzerainty

masks: Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin Pulakeshin


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 without offering any resistance. Koshala here can be identified as Dakshina Kosala (present-day Chhattisgarh and western Odisha), which was probably under the Panduvamshi rule. The Aihole inscription does not mention the name of the subjugated ruler, but historian D. C. Sircar theorizes that he may have been the Panduvamshi king Mahashivagupta Balarjuna. The name of the ruler of Kalinga, which includes parts of present-day Odisha and northern Andhra Pradesh, is not certain either. Historian Durga Prasad Dikshit suggests that he was probably a member of the Eastern Ganga dynasty.Historian K. A. Nilakanta Sastri suggests that he may have been a Vishnukundina feudatory. Vishnukundina dynasty

According to the Aihole inscription and the Maruturu inscription, <mask> invaded and captured Pishtapura (modern Pithapuram in Andhra Pradesh). The Maruturu inscription suggests that this event took place around or before 617–618 CE. The Aihole inscription states that subsequently, a fierce battle was fought near Kunala lake (identified with modern Kolleru Lake), whose water turned red with the blood of those killed in the war. These inscriptions do not name <mask>'s rival in these conflicts, but modern scholars identify him as a king of the Vishnukundina dynasty, which ruled in Andhra Pradesh. Pulakeshin probably subjugated Vishnukundina vassals during his eastern campaign in Kalinga, which may have brought him in conflict with the Vishnukundina dynasty. Pulakeshin conquered the Vishnukundina kingdom, located in


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 the lower Godavari-Krishna valley, and appointed his younger brother 'Kubja' Vishnu-vardhana as the governor of the newly-conquered territory.The Chalukya conquest in this region is corroborated by Vishnu-vardhana's 631 CE Kopparam copper-plate inscription, which records a land grant in the Karma-rashtra region of present-day Andhra Pradesh. The Vishnukundina ruler defeated by Pulakeshin was probably Indravarman: he appears to have ultimately accepted <mask>'s suzerainty, and was allowed to rule as a Chalukya vassal. Pulakeshin assigned some of the newly-conquered territories to his own feudatories. For example, the Maruturu inscription states that the Aluka ruler Gunasagara, a Chalukya vassal, came from Mangalapura (identified with modern Mangalagiri in Guntur district) to Kallura after undergoing several hardships. Xuanzang's visit

The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang visited Pulakeshin's kingdom in 641–642 CE. He calls the Chalukya kingdom "Mo-ho-la-cha" (the Chinese transcription of "Maharashtra"), and corroborates Pulakeshin's success against Harsha (see above). He had visited the Pallava kingdom before arriving in the Chalukya kingdom, but he doesn't mention any conflict between the two kingdoms, presumably because he was not aware of major political changes or because his main interest was Buddhism rather than politics.Xuanzang describes <mask> ("Po-le-ke-she") as "a man of farsighted resource and astuteness who extends kindness to all". The king's subjects were "tall and sturdy in nature and... proud


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 scholars.Xuanzang adds that the kingdom also had temples of "heretics" who "smeared dust on their bodies". War with the Pallavas and death

The Pallavas were the southern neighbours of the Chalukyas. The Vishnukundins were their allies at the time, and <mask>'s subjugation of the Vishnukundins brought him in conflict with the Pallava king. The Chalukyas and the Pallavas fought several battles without conclusive results. The Aihole inscription states that the Pallava ruler opposed the rise of <mask>, who caused the enemy's splendour to be "obscured by the dust of his army" and forced the enemy to take shelter behind the walls of the Pallava capital Kanchipuram. The Kashakudi inscription of the Pallavas states that the Pallava King Mahendravarman defeated an unnamed enemy at Pallalura (modern Pullalur). These two accounts appear to refer to the same battle, which must have been inconclusive: the Pallava army was probably forced to retreat to Kanchipuram, but inflicted enough damage on the Chalukya army to force <mask> to retreat to Vatapi.The undated Peddavaduguru inscription records <mask>'s grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village in Bana-raja-vishaya ("Bana king's province") after the subjugation of Ranavikrama. Assuming that Ranavikrama was a Bana king, it appears that <mask> defeated the Banas. (An alternative theory identifies Ranavikrama as Mangalesha; see Early life section above.) The Banas appear to have been Pallava feudatories before their submission to Pulakeshin, as suggested by the name of


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 the inscription's engraver: Mahendra Pallavachari. <mask>'s subjugation of a Pallava feudatory must have renewed his conflict with the Pallavas. The Aihole inscription suggests that <mask> won over the Chola, the Chera, and the Pandya kings as his allies in his struggle against the Pallavas. He marched towards Kanchipuram, but the Pallava inscriptions suggest that he suffered reverses in battles fought at Pariyala, Suramara, and Manimangala, near Kanchipuram.The Pallavas, during the reign of Narasimha-varman I, ultimately besieged the Chalukya capital Vatapi. <mask> was probably killed, when a Pallava force led by Shiruttondar Paranjoti captured Vatapi in c. 642–643 CE. The Pallava occupation of Vatapi is attested by an inscription found at the Mallikarjunadeva temple in Badami, dated to the 13th regnal year of Narasimha-varman. Succession

By 641 CE, during <mask>'s lifetime, his brother Vishnu-vardhana had carved out an independent kingdom in the eastern part of the Chalukya empire, resulting in the establishment of the Chalukya dynasty of Vengi. According to one theory, this arrangement may have happened with the approval of <mask>, who did not want his brother to wage a war of succession like Mangalesha. <mask> had multiple sons, and the order of succession after him is not clear from the available historical evidence:

 Adityavarman is attested by his Kurnool inscription, which describes him as a powerful ruler and gives him imperial titles. Historian T. V. Mahalingam theorizes that Adityavarman


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 was simply a former name of Vikramaditya I.However, historian D. P. Dikshit disputes this identification, and believes that Adityavarman succeeded <mask>, and in turn, was succeeded by his son Abhinavaditya. Chandraditya is attested by the Nerur and Kochre grant inscriptions of his wife Vijaya-Bhattarika, which accord him imperial titles, but are dated in the regnal years of his wife. It is possible that Chandraditya held the throne after Abhinavaditya, and after his death, his wife acted as a regent for their minor son. His brother Vikramaditya I, appears to have restored Chalukya power as the supreme commander of the Chalukya army during this period, becoming the de facto ruler in the process. Ranaragha-varman is attested by the Honnur inscription dated to the 16th regnal year of his younger brother Vikramaditya. The inscription states that Ranaragha-varman's daughter was the wife of the Ganga prince Madhava, a subordinate of Vikramaditya. Vikramaditya I restored the Chalukya power, and recaptured Vatapi from the Pallavas.Dharashraya Jayasimha-varman, a younger brother of Vikramaditya, is attested by the 671 CE Navsari grant inscription. Extent of the kingdom

The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang attests that <mask> ruled an extensive, militarily powerful and economically prosperous kingdom through several loyal vassals. The Aihole inscription states that <mask>'s kingdom was bound by the oceans on three sides, suggesting that he ruled a vast portion of the Indian peninsula to the south of the Vindhyas.


title: Pulakeshin II

texts: However, there is no evidence that he was able to annex the extreme southern kingdoms of the Cholas, the Keralas (Cheras), and the Pandyas to his empire. After his victory over Harsha, <mask> appears to have acquired control of a large part of western Deccan to the south of the Narmada river. The Aihole inscription states that he gained control of the "three Maharashtras" which included 99,000 villages. The identity of these "three Maharashtras" is not certain: according to historian D. C. Sircar, they may have been the Maharashtra proper (a large part of present-day Maharashtra), Konkana, and Karnata.Pulakeshin could not administer this large kingdom centrally, and therefore, ruled through governors from the Chalukya family and loyal vassals, who included the rulers defeated by him. The Sendraka prince Sena-nanda-raja ruled the Konkana and neighbouring areas as his loyal feudatory. The family of Alla-shakti ruled the Khandesh and neighbouring areas as his vassal, as attested by the Abhona and Kasare inscriptions. After defeating the Vishnukundins, Pulakeshin acquired control of a large part of the eastern Deccan region, extending from Vishakhapatnam in north to Nellore and Guntur in the south. Pulakeshin appointed his younger brother Vishnu-vardhana, who had earlier served as his governor of the Velvola country, as the governor of Vengi in eastern Deccan. Vishnu-vardhana acknowledges Pulakeshin's suzerainty in his 631 CE Kopparam inscription, but asserts himself as an independent ruler in his 641 CE


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 Chirupalli inscription. After Pulakeshin's death, the Chalukya governor Vijaya-varman, who ruled in the Lata region (in southern Gujarat), also seems to have asserted his independence.Vijaya-varman's 643 CE Kheda (Kaira) inscription records a land grant without any reference to a Chalukya overlord. Foreign relations

According to the 9th-century Persian historian Al-Tabari, <mask> ("Pharmis") maintained diplomatic relations with the Sasanian ruler Khosrow II of present-day Iran. Pulakeshin sent expensive presents and letters to Khusrow and his sons, during the 26th regnal year of the Sasanian monarch. This embassy can be dated to c. 625 CE. In the 1870s, architectural historian James Fergusson theorized that a painting at the Ajanta Cave 1 depicted a Sasanian embassy to Pulakeshin's court. The painting depicts several figures in foreign dress: Fergusson identified the dress as Sasanian, and proposed that the Sasanian king sent a return embassy to the Chalukya kingdom. This theory was widely accepted by other scholars, but is no longer considered correct: the painting, which does indeed include the visit of foreigners in Persian or Sassanian dress, actually depicts a scene from the Maha-sudarsana Jataka, in which the enthroned king can be identified as the Buddha in one of his previous births as a King.The inclusions of numerous men in Sassanian clothing in the caves of Ajanta seems to reflect the great number of Sassanian traders or workers in Central India at that time, and the fact that they were an


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 object of intense interest by the Indians. The good relations between Indian and the Sasanian Empire encouraged the migration to India of Zoroastrians, who were persecuted by the rise of Islam. They settled on the West coast of the Deccan and established the Parsi Community. Religion

<mask> was a Vaishnavite, as attested by the Lohner copper-plate inscription which calls him a Parama-bhagavata ("devotee of Vishnu"), and the Pimpalner copper-plate inscription which states that he belonged to the line of Vishnu. Several of his inscriptions begin with salutations to Vishnu, and bear seals with emblems that feature varaha, an incarnation of Vishnu. He was tolerant of other faiths: The construction of the Shaivite shrines now called the Upper Shivalaya, the Lower Shivalaya, and Malegitti Shivalaya, started during his reign. The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Xuanzang mentions that there were over 100 Buddhist monasteries in his kingdom; over 5,000 monks - both Mahayana and Hinayana - lived in these monasteries.The Meguti Jain temple at Vatapi was also built during his reign, by Ravikirrti, who composed the Aihole inscription engraved on the wall of this temple. Cultural activities

The Aihole inscription of <mask> states that he was generous in "bestowing gifts and honours on the brave and the learned". The inscription's composer Ravikirrti, a court poet of <mask>, describes himself as an equal of the famous Sanskrit poets Bhasa and Kalidasa. Inscriptions

Following inscriptions from <mask>'s reign have been


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 discovered:

 The Yekkeri rock inscription, which was probably issued in <mask>'s first regnal year, contains land records in certain towns said to be owned by the god Mahadeva. The Hyderabad copper-plate grant inscription is dated to the Shaka year 532 (expired), and was issued during <mask>'s 3rd regnal year. It was issued during the solar eclipse on the Amavasya of the Bhadrapada month, which corresponds to 23 July 613. It records a village grant.The Maruturu grant inscription records the grant of the Maruturu village at the instance of the Aluka vassal ruler, and notices the occupation of Pishtapura. The Satara grant inscription of Vishnu-vardhana refers to him as the crown-prince. The Lohner (Nashik district) inscription is dated to the year 552 of an unspecified calendar era, which must be the Shaka era. It registers grant of the Goviyanaka village to a Brahmana named Dama Dikshita. The Kopparam copper-plate inscription, dated to <mask>'s 21st regnal year, records the grant of a village in Karma-rashtra region to a Brahmana. The Aihole prashasti inscription, composed by <mask>'s court poet Ravikirtti, records the construction of a Jinendra temple by Ravikirtti, and lists <mask>'s military achievements. The undated Tummeyanaru grant inscription of Pulakeshin bestows the title Paramaveshvara on him.The Chiplun copper-plate inscription record the grant of the Amravatavaka village in Avaretika vishaya (province) to a Brahmana named Maheshvara. It refers to <mask>'s maternal uncle and vassal king


title: Pulakeshin II

texts: Shrivallabha Sena-nanda-raja, who belonged to the Sendraka dynasty. The Nerur inscription. The fragmentary Badami rock inscription refers to the "victorious metropolis" of Vatapi. The Hirebidri (Dharwar district) stone inscription records a land grant by Tiraka. A Kannada-language inscription from Bellary district "specifies the land measure and the coin to be used at Kurumgodu". The undated Peddavaduguru Ishvara temple stone inscription records <mask>'s grant of the Elpattu Simbhige village after his subjugation of Ranavikrama.The defeated ruler was probably a king of the Bana dynasty; alternatively, he may be identified with Mangalesha, who bore the title Ranavikrama. The Bijapur-Mumbai copper-plate grant inscription records a land grant to Nagasharman of Kaushika gotra, and includes a prashasti (praise) of the dynasty and its kings. The granted land was located in the Brahmana-Vataviya villages situated on the banks of the Godavari River (identified with modern Brahmangaon and Wadvali, east of Paithan, in Aurangabad district). The copper plates were purchased by Raghuvir Pai of Mumbai from a scrap-vendor of Bijapur in the 1990s. The inscription was unreadable because of corrosion, but Shreenand L. Bapat of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute cleaned it and published it in 2017. It is written in Sanskrit language and inscribed in a southern variety of the Brahmi script. It was issued on the occasion of a lunar eclipse on a full-moon day in the Vaishakha month of Pulakeshin's ninth regnal year,


title: Pulakeshin II

texts:
 which corresponds to 4 April 619 CE.Following inscriptions are attributed to Pulakeshin's reign, but are considered spurious by modern scholars:

 The Kandalgaon copper-plate inscription, dated to <mask>'s 5th regnal year, records the grant of the Pirigipa village on Revati island. It is considered spurious because its script features irregular characters and its language is very inaccurate. Additionally, its seal and opening matter are different from other Chalukya inscriptions, and it contains a faulty description of Pulakeshin. The Lakshmeshvara inscription records the grant of a field to the chaitya of Shankha Jinendra. It is considered spurious because of "late script and irregular dating". The Pimpalner copper-plate inscription, considered spurious for the same reasons as the Lakshmeshvara inscription, records the grant of the Pippalanagara to Nagarasvami Dikshita. See also
 History of South India
 Sivagamiyin sabadham, a historical novel featuring <mask>di Pulikeshi (film), a Kannada-language film based on the life of <mask> II

References

Bibliography

Early Chalukyas
640s deaths
7th-century Indian monarchs
Indian Hindus
Indian military leaders
Hindu

masks: Pulakeshin Pulakeshinmma Pulakeshin


title: Charles F. Seabrook

texts:
<mask> (28 May 1881 – 1964), known professionally as C.F<mask>, was an American businessman and owner of Seabrook Farms, a family-owned frozen vegetable packing plant in New Jersey that at one point was the largest irrigated truck farm in the world. Seabrook Farms became famous for recruiting Japanese Americans from internment camps beginning in January 1944 and other immigrants displaced from World War II. He was nicknamed the "<mask> of agriculture" by B.C<mask>, the founder of Forbes magazine, and the town of Seabrook, New Jersey is named after him. Early life
<mask> was born in Cumberland County, New Jersey to parents Aurthur P. and Elizabeth (known as "Riley") <mask>. His father was an Englishman who started an unnamed farm truck in 1870.In 1893, his father bought a  piece of land in Upper Deerfield to expand his farming business. C.F<mask> left school at the age of 12 to work as a farmhand for his father's farm in Upper Deerfield, Cumberland County. He is often described as a "reluctant farmer", who had interests in engineering instead. Career
During the early 1920s, he briefly worked overseas in Europe as an engineering consultant for civil projects. Seabrook Farms

At the age of 14, <mask> was an early proponent of novel irrigation methods in farming. He installed a single pipe with punched holes that fed water droplets over a celery bed in 1907 that increased production by approximately 300% and continued to be used until the mid-1930s.In the 1910s, C.F. bought his father's farm and had it incorporated in 1913. The farm briefly was sold and renamed Del Bay Farms in 1919; however, <mask> bought back ownership as well as a local cannery

masks:
Charles Franklin Seabrook
. Seabrook
Henry Ford
. Forbes
Seabrook
Seabrook
. Seabrook
Seabrook
Seabrook


title: Charles F. Seabrook

texts: business. He was instrumental in the creation of highways that linked New Jersey to larger cities where his produce was sold, such as Philadelphia and New York City. <mask> expanded his father's business of growing and selling fresh vegetables by buying out surrounding plots of land. In the 1930s, he expanded the company to include the production of canned and frozen vegetables. His frozen food venture led to a partnership with Clarence Birdseye.By the 1940s, Seabrook was operating one of the largest farm and food businesses in the United States. At its height, it was producing agriculture on over 54,000 acres of land across three states and employing over 4,000 workers. The company also pioneered the use of gasoline-powered tractors and trucks. Seabrook Farms became the supplier of frozen food for General Foods Corporation under their Birdseye brand, and under this name began supplying food for national and international markets. Seabrook had previously filled labor shortages with people of diverse backgrounds from the United States, including Italian immigrants and southern African Americans. During the Second World War, Seabrook worked with the War Relocation Authority to employ Japanese Americans released from internment camps. These laborers helped fill government orders of food to feed the troops overseas.After one year, over 1,000 Japanese Americans had relocated to south New Jersey to work for Seabrook. By 1947, Seabrook Farms employed over 2,500 Japanese Americans. Other employees included émigrés from Russia and German prisoners of war. In 1955, LIFE magazine called Seabrook Farms the "Biggest Vegetable Factory on Earth". Seabrook sold the


title: Charles F. Seabrook

texts:
 company to Seeman Brothers in 1959. The company ceased operating under the name Seabrook Farms in 1963, when the name was changed to Seabrook Foods. Bridgeton Strike
In early April 1934, over 300 workers for Seabrook Farms who had formed a union, most of whom were Italian and African Americans, began a peaceful strike for higher wages.Donald Henderson, a former professor at Columbia University, was the organizer of the strike. Seabrook agreed to double the wages after four days. However, after a few months he laid off over 100 workers, the majority of African-American descent, and again lowered wages. This reversal led to picketing and protests by some workers. <mask> contacted police to end the strikes, which led to violent clashes on July 9. Eventually, these clashes made it to the front page of The New York Times. There was a photograph of the event taken, named Strikers at Seabrook Farms, Bridgeton, New Jersey (With a Stone in One Hand...), July 9, 1934, by an unknown photographer.The next day, a federal negotiator settled a deal with the strikers. Contrary to what was promised in the agreement, Seabrook Farms did not re-hire many of the workers who went on strike and many of its previous African-American workers remained unemployed afterwards. Personal life
<mask> married Norma Dale Ivins on November 22, 1905. He and his wife had three sons: Belford, <mask>, and John "Jack" Martin. Belford Seabrook was in charge of the engineering and construction of new Seabrook Farms plants. <mask> <mask> was born in 1909 and died in Woodstown, New Jersey while visiting a friend's house on October 4, 2003. He was in charge of sales.Jack earned a degree in

masks:
Seabrook
Seabrook
Charles Courtney
Charles Courtney
Seabrook


title: Charles F. Seabrook

texts:
 chemical engineering at Princeton University and started working as a general manager at Seabrook Farms after graduation. Jack was nicknamed the "Spinach King" for his work at Seabrook Farms. On 3 October 1941, Seabrook had a stroke. He continued to have health problems into the 1950s until his death in 1964. Honors and awards
The town of Seabrook, New Jersey is named after him. The town has a Pre-K to 3rd grade elementary school named after him called the <mask> F. Seabrook School. The town also has the Seabrook Educational and Cultural Center (SECC), a museum that houses historical information about the community that was created in Seabrook in 1994.The museum was founded by Japanese Americans whose families had moved to South Jersey to work in Seabrook Farms. The Princeton Theological Seminary houses "The Charles F. Seabrook Manuscript Collection". It was established in 1996 from donations made by <mask>, one of <mask>'s son. The seminary also created the C.F. <mask> Director of Music and Lecturer in Church Music position in his honor. His son, John M<mask> wrote a biography about his father and Seabrook Farms, entitled <mask> of Agriculture: <mask><mask> 1881–1964 and Seabrook Farms 1893–1959. The New Jersey Historical Commission also produced a radio documentary about Seabrook called "Seabrook at War" with author Kurt Vonnegut as the narrator.References

External links
 "Invisible Restraints: Life and Labor at Seabrook Farms," New Jersey Digital Highway Exhibition on Seabrook Farms' Labor History
 Rutgers University Community Repository
 Densho Encyclopedia entry

20th-century American businesspeople
1881 births
1964 deaths
People from Cumberland

masks:
Charles
John Seabrook
Charles Seabrook
Seabrook
. Seabrook
Henry Ford
Charles F
. Seabrook


title: Dan Gelber

texts:
<mask> (born November 26, 1960) is an American politician and former prosecutor serving as the Mayor of Miami Beach, Florida. He served in the Florida Legislature from 2000 to 2010 and was the Democratic nominee for Attorney General of Florida in 2010. <mask> represented the 106th district in the Florida House of Representatives from 2000 to 2008, also serving as House Minority Leader in his last term. He then served in the Florida Senate, representing the 35th district from 2008 to 2010. He ran for Attorney General of Florida in 2010, losing the general election to Republican Pam Bondi. In 2012, he co-founded the law firm of Gelber Schachter & Greenberg, P.A. along with Adam Schachter and Gerald Greenberg.The firm handles complex civil litigation and white-collar criminal defense cases in Florida and across the country. <mask> was reelected mayor, without opposition, on September 6, 2019, after no other candidate qualified to challenge him by the filing deadline. His second term began in November 2019 and is slated to end in 2021. Early life and family
<mask> was born to Jewish parents <mask> (1919-2019) and Edith Schwitzman <mask> (1924-2006). The elder <mask> served as Miami Beach's 33rd mayor, from 1991 to 1997. <mask> grew up in Miami Beach, Florida and is a graduate of Miami Beach Senior High School. <mask> has a BA from Tufts University and a Juris Doctorate from University of Florida College of Law where he was a Harry S. Truman Scholar.When he was 24, he co-founded a summer camp for children with cancer where he volunteers every summer as a bunk counselor and provides support services for patients and their families. <mask> has been a Big Brother volunteer since 1985, and is a former president

masks:
Daniel Saul Gelber
Gelber
Gelber
Dan Gelber
Seymour Gelber
Gelber
Gelber
Dan Gelber
Gelber
Gelber


title: Dan Gelber

texts:
 of the board of directors of Big Brothers Organization. <mask> introduced Judge Marilyn Milian (of the TV show The People's Court) to her husband John Schlesinger at a local bar one Friday night. Currently, <mask> lives in Miami Beach with his wife, Joan Silverstein, a federal prosecutor, and their three children: Sophie, Hannah, and Max. Public service

<mask>'s career in public service started at the age of twenty-five, when he was appointed as one of the youngest federal prosecutors in the nation. After nearly a decade prosecuting public corruption and civil rights cases, <mask> was selected by United States Senator Sam Nunn to be Chief Counsel and Staff Director of the U.S. Senate's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations where he directed U.S. Senate investigations into global terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. <mask> was first elected to the Florida House of Representatives in 2000 from District 106.As a member of the Florida Legislature, <mask> frequently sparred with former governor Jeb Bush. The Wall Street Journal referred to <mask> as Bush's "chief nemesis." Nevertheless, <mask> earned the respect of the former governor, who once told the St. Petersburg Times that <mask> "would be a very well qualified Governor." In 2005, <mask> took charge of the Florida House Democratic Caucus' political operation. Under his leadership, despite the Democrats losing the Governor's mansion, state house Democrats have picked up nine Republican seats, their first net gain in the lower chamber in sixteen years, his party's best ever showing in a single cycle, and the fifth best overall gain in the nation. In 2008, <mask> was elected to the Florida Senate from the 35th District. Legislative

masks: Dan Dan Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber


title: Dan Gelber

texts:
 record

<mask> has worked to increase fairness in the Florida tax code.In 2009, <mask> sponsored and helped pass a bill that closed a real estate loophole that allowed high end developers to evade taxes. He also worked to stop multistate corporations from avoiding Florida taxes. <mask> is critical of recent budget cuts that leave Florida last in per student spending. He has fought spending cuts to the state university system. He is also a vocal critic of the FCAT, believing that "[y]ou shouldn't have a school system where the ceiling is the floor." Drawing on his experience prosecuting corruption as a US Attorney, <mask> has been active in cleaning up government. Sen. <mask> sponsored a bill that provides criminal penalties for official misconduct, criminal misuse of official position and bid tampering.This bill passed in HB 847 and was signed into law. 2010 Attorney General campaign

On June 8, 2009, <mask> announced his candidacy for Florida Attorney General. Reminiscent of Senator Bob Graham's Workdays, Gelber performed community service across Florida, which included serving meals to the homeless, cleaning up the Wekiva River, and joining elementary school students in writing letters to veterans. <mask> soundly won the August 24, 2010 primary election, defeating his Democratic opponent fellow state senator Dave Aronberg by 18 points. His campaign has been endorsed by many top public servants, including Republican state senator J. Alex Villalobos, former United States Attorney General Janet Reno, former Florida Education Secretary Betty Castor, former Congressman Jim Davis, Congresswoman and DNC Vice Chair Debbie Wasserman Schultz and Tampa Mayor Pam Iorio, as well as the Florida Police Benevolent

masks: Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber Gelber


title: Dan Gelber

texts:
 Association, the state's largest law enforcement union. Ultimately, <mask> lost the election to the Republican candidate, Pam Bondi. Mayor of Miami Beach

On November 7, 2017, <mask> was elected mayor of Miami Beach with 82 percent of the vote over three other candidates.His main competitor, former commissioner Michael Grieco, withdrew from the election and eventually resigned from office amid a campaign finance scandal that led to criminal charges. Committee assignments
Committee Membership
Commerce, vice chair
Higher Education Appropriations, vice chair
Policy and Steering Committee on Social Responsibility
Policy and Steering Committee on Ways and Means
Communications, Energy, and Public Utilities
Judiciary
Select Committee on Florida's Economy
Joint Committee on Public Counsel Oversight

See also
 List of mayors of Miami Beach, Florida

References

Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations

External links
<mask> for Attorney General:
<mask>'s official legislative bio: member bio
Wall Street Journal: A Tale of Two GOP's
St. Petersburg Times: Governor Gelber? Palm Beach Post: FCAT role in schools' fate may be demoted
St. Petersburg Times: Florida Democrats Grab a Role

External links
Florida House of Representatives – <mask>

|-

|-

|-

1960 births
Florida Democrats
Living people
Jewish American people in Florida politics
Jewish mayors of places in the United States
Members of the Florida House of Representatives
Tufts University alumni
Fredric G. Levin College of Law alumni
Candidates in the 2010 United States elections
21st-century American politicians
People from Miami Beach, Florida
Florida lawyers
Florida state senators
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century

masks:
Gelber
Gelber
Dan Gelber
Dan Gelber
Dan Gber


title: Winifred Dunn

texts:
<mask> was an American screenwriter, editor, radio scenario writer, and art critic in the early 20th century. She was one of the youngest scenario editors of the silent era and was credited with writing over 40 productions. Early life
Born around 1898, <mask> spent her childhood on an island at Squirrel Lake, Wisconsin. Coming from a family of writers, <mask> made her decision to be a writer at the age of 6. She moved out to Chicago, Illinois, at a young age, starting a career that would lead her to be one of the youngest scenario editors in the film industry. Career
At the age of 18, <mask> wrote her first film, Too Late, which launched her formal writing career with the production company Selig Polyscope. Her talent for writing and formatting entertainment pieces became apparent when <mask> translated a German play into English, as well as formatted the production aspects to fit a natural setting on the American stage.In 1921, <mask> made the big move out to Hollywood to continue the expansion of her career with Sawyer-Lubin Productions. It was there that her 1922 production of Quincy Adams Sawyer (1922) was edited and titled, and also where she wrote a screen adaptation of Your Friend and Mine (1923) by Willard Mack. In February 1923, <mask> began a new position with Metro Pictures, later known as Metro Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, with formal tasks of a scenario editor. It wasn't long before <mask> was known as one of the "busiest scenario editors in Hollywood." A 1924 story in The Los Angeles Times quotes <mask> encouraging

masks:
Winifred Dunn
Winifred Dunn
Dunn
Winifred Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
Dunn
Dunn


title: Winifred Dunn

texts: other writers to read many newspapers in order to "keep a metaphorical finger on the pulse of life everywhere." With her quickly growing popularity, <mask> was recruited by actress Mary Pickford in 1925 to work collaboratively on future projects. The first collaboration of <mask> and Pickford was the 1926 hit Sparrows.The role played by Pickford was out of the ordinary for her often lighthearted work, and therefore was a significant driver for its success. The film was later criticized for copyright issues by Harry Hyde, who claimed the plot of Sparrows was eerily similar to his film The Cry of the Children, and sued both <mask> and Pickford for $100,000. This was also the year <mask>'s film Twinkletoes was released. <mask> had tough competition for her production of Twinkletoes to be performed by famous actress Colleen Moore. Based on the Thomas Burke book Twinkletoes: A Tale of the Limehouse, <mask> had to dig deep into her creative mind to create a film story that fit Moore, while staying relatively true to the original narrative. <mask> beat out the competition and production began a few weeks later. Toward the close of 1926, <mask> signed a contract for long-term employment of writing scenarios with First National Pictures.It was here that she wrote the scenario for The Patent Leather Kid. To prepare for this assignment, she sat at a boxing ring every Friday night to gain a feel for what the production should be like. In April 1928, <mask> resigned from First National in order to pursue writing pieces with "more

masks: Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn


title: Winifred Dunn

texts:
 sentiment and less sentimentality." <mask> remained a freelance writer into the sound era and continued her talents through other mediums as well. <mask> was hired to ghostwrite Osa Johnson's autobiography, I Married Adventure: The Lives and Adventures of Martin and Osa Johnson, which was released in 1940. <mask> applied her own spin to the facts found through extensive interviews and research of the story so readers could easily get "swept away." After its release, the book took off, selling 288,000 copies in the first eight months.Achievements
<mask> was of the youngest scenario editors in the film industry. In April 1928, <mask> took on the duties of chairman of the Women's Executive Committee of the Southern California Olympic Games. Later that year, <mask> was inducted into the writer's executive committee for the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences as the only female, and also served as a member of the Executive Board for the Writer's Guild. Personal life
In December 1928, <mask> <mask> announced her marriage to Harold Swartz, a successful sculptor. The ceremony was held in San Diego, and <mask>'s mother was present. Contrary to popular norms of the time, <mask> did not let her marriage stop her career and continued to work as a freelance writer. After <mask> filed for divorce against Swartz in May 1942, records of her life stopped appearing in periodicals for public viewing.Filmography
<mask> <mask> has been credited as a screenwriter in 41 productions, as editor in three, and both screenwriter and editor in

masks: Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Winifred Dunn Dunn Dunn Dunn Winifred Dunn


title: Hans Mayer

texts:
<mask> (19 March 1907 in Cologne – 19 May 2001 in Tübingen; pseudonym: Martin Seiler) was a German literary scholar. <mask> was also a jurist and social researcher and was internationally recognized as a critic, author and musicologist. Life
<mask> was born in an upper-class Jewish family. He was influenced in his youth by the writings of Georg Lukács and Karl Marx. He was a socialist. He studied jurisprudence, political science, history and philosophy in Cologne, Bonn and Berlin and received his doctorate in 1930 with a thesis titled "Die Krise der deutschen Staatslehre" (The Crisis of German Political Science). At the same time, he joined the SPD and worked on the magazine Der Rote Kämpfer (The Red Fighter).In 1931, he moved to the SAPD, which expelled him again one year later because of his sympathy for the KPD-O. Since he was a Jew and a Marxist and therefore banned from his profession in July 1933, he fled in August 1933 to France, where he worked for a short time as the chief editor of the Die Neue Welt ('The New World'), which was the daily newspaper of the Alsatian KPO. In 1934, <mask> had to flee to Geneva. Here, he received jobs from <mask> and Max Horkheimer as a social researcher. He left the KPD-O in 1935. Carl Jacob Burckhardt influenced his literary orientation during this time. From 1937 to 1939, <mask> was a member of the Collège de Sociologie, founded by Georges Bataille, Michel Leiris and Roger Caillois in 1937.There he held a lecture about the secret political societies in German Romanticism and demonstrated how these secret societies already anticipated Nazi symbolism. Other exiles at the Collège were Walter Benjamin and Paul L. Landsberg. After the end of the war, he returned to Germany in 1945. The Americans made him the cultural editor of the German news agency, DENA, the predecessor of the DPA, and later the chief political editor of Radio Frankfurt. In 1948, he and his friend Stephan Hermlin, went to the Soviet occupation zone. In Leipzig he accepted a professorship for literary studies and became an

masks:
Hans Mayer
Mayer
Hans Mayer
Hans Mayer
Hans Kelsen
Mayer


title: Hans Mayer

texts:
 influential critic of the new German literature. It was possible for him to cross between the East German and the West German world.In the East, he worked through his lectures and discussion circles, and in West Germany he was a welcome guest at meetings of Group 47. He was also in contact with Bertolt Brecht during this time. His relationship with those in power in the GDR was characterized by more friction as of 1956. He resigned in 1963 and did not return to the GDR after a visit to a publisher in Tübingen. In 1965, he was appointed to a newly created chair for German literature at the University of Hannover. He held this chair until his retirement in 1973. After that, he lived in Tübingen as an honorary professor.As he grew older, he lost his eyesight, but he was still able to dictate his texts. For that reason, his publications extend well into his old age. Work
The work of <mask> includes more than forty volumes. He studied Büchner, Thomas Mann, Montaigne, Robert Musil, James Joyce, Uwe Johnson, Günter Grass, <mask> Jahnn and others in his investigations on the history of literature. While he was in exile in 1936, he began the advance work for his great work about Georg Büchner. This work about Büchner was later recognized by the University of Leipzig as his postdoctoral thesis which was required to qualify as a professor. He released the collection of essays, Zur deutschen Literatur der Zeit, in 1962.In 1986, he followed this volume with the book, Das unglückliche Bewusstsein – Zur deutschen Literaturgeschichte von Lessing bis Heine. Ein Deutscher auf Widerruf is the title of his three-volume memoires of 1982. The investigation, Außenseiter, which appeared in 1975, was considered by many to be his main work. In this volume, he deals with the literary portrayal of three groups, which have commonly been discriminated against in history: women, male homosexuals and Jews. He had his own experiences with belonging to two of these groups – as a Jew and as a homosexual. Der Turm von Babel of 1991 is an obituary on the GDR. Its key

masks:
Hans Mayer
Hans Henny