title: Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi

texts:
 into travelling there. He escaped and travelled via Yemen and Mokha to Muscat, where he was received by Saiyid Said, the Sultan. An increase in attacks on British shipping in both the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean culminated in a demand, made by Husain bin <mask>, that British ships pay tribute to the Al Qasimi. Alongside taking part in Saudi-led expeditions against other Gulf ports, the Al Qasimi were in conflict with the Persians as well as the Sultan of Muscat and still attacking British shipping. It was decided to mount an expedition to support the Sultan as well as to bring down the Al Qasimis.Persian Gulf campaign of 1809

The Persian Gulf campaign of 1809 commenced with the arrival of the British fleet off Ras Al Khaimah on 11 November 1809, bombarding the town the next day. After an abortive landing attempt took place on the 12 November. The British then took Lingeh and Luft before taking Khor Fakkan for the Sultan of Muscat and then proceeding to Rams, Jazirah Al Hamrah, Ajman and Sharjah. <mask> <mask>, the legitimate ruler of Ras Al Khaimah, still being in exile, the British did not attempt to secure a treaty following the 1809 expedition. In 1813, an expedition by the Sultan of Muscat to Ras Al Khaimah with the objective of restoring <mask> <mask> failed. However, a further sally the next year saw <mask> once again installed as Ruler not of Ras Al Khaimah, but of Sharjah and Lingeh, the latter being his principle residence. Ras Al Khaimah remained under the effective rule of the Saudi dependent, Hassan bin Rahmah.The 1819 expedition and 1820 treaty

Under Hassan, the Al Qasimi found themselves not only in conflict with Muscat, but increasingly with British shipping and a series of incidents led to a peace treaty being

masks:
Ali
Sultan bin
Saqr
Sultan bin
Saqr
Sultan


title: Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi

type: original

texts:
 signed in 1814 which barely held. In 1819 the British embarked on a second Persian Gulf Campaign and this time sacked Ras Al Khaimah, removed Hassan bin Rahmah and then proceeded to bombard and destroy the fortifications and larger vessels of Umm Al Quwain, Ajman, Fasht, Sharjah, Abu Hail, and Dubai. <mask> signed the General Maritime Treaty of 1820 on the 4 February 1820 at Falayah Fort inland of Ras Al Khaimah as 'Sheikh of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah'. Hassan bin Rahmah had earlier signed the treaty as 'Sheikh of Khatt and Falaiha, formerly of Ras Al Khaimah'. <mask> moved quickly to assert his influence, removing the ageing Wahhabi Sheikh of Rams and Dhayah to Sharjah and replacing him with the son of a former Sheikh and then placing his own son Muhammad as Wali over Ras Al Khaimah. Abdulla bin Rashid of Umm Al Qawain recognised Sultan's primacy - of the Northern Emirates, only Ajman considered itself independent. By 1824, <mask> had installed a pliable client in Umm Al Quwain and obtained acknowledgement of his suzerainty from Ajman.He married into the Ruling family of Dubai in 1825. Later in 1820, Sultan built Sharjah Fort. Early British records of 1830 note the fort located "a little inland, mounting six pieces of cannon, together with some detached towers. In case of alarm from an enemy, it is stockaded round with date trees and wood sufficient for repelling the attack of Arabs although of little service against regular troops." In the 1830s the Isaaq Sultan Farah Guled and Haji <mask> penned a letter to <mask> <mask> <mask>mi requesting military assistance and joint religious war against the British. He was praised as a pious and righteous ruler upon the sunnah<

War with Abu Dhabi
Sultan rebuilt the town of Ras Al Khaimah, using

masks:
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Ali
Sultan bin
Saqr
Al Qasi


title: Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi

texts: the rubble of the old town to build the new. By 1828, the town was once again established as a settlement.Incensed by a coalition between his old foe the Sultan of Muscat and the Bani Yas of Abu Dhabi, <mask> used the opportunity of their expedition against Bahrain to blockade the town of Abu Dhabi. The blockade was lifted in June 1829 after peace-making efforts by the Sheikh of Lingeh, both parties being keen to take part in the annual pearling season. By 1831, however, Bedouin loyal to Abu Dhabi raided Ajman and <mask> joined with Ajman and declared war on Abu Dhabi. A brief peace was negotiated, but pearling boats from both sides were seized. In 1833, the Al Bu Falasah section of the Bani Yas seceded to Dubai under Obeid bin Said bin Rashid alongside Maktoum bin Butti <mask>l and <mask> decided to use the opportunity to move against Abu Dhabi once again. Recalling Sharjah's boats from the pearl banks (a highly unpopular move, taking place at the height of the season), <mask> embarked for Abu Dhabi with 22 boats carrying 520 men under himself and Hassan bin Rahmah and 80 boats carrying 700 men from the Al Bu Falasah and other secessionists of Dubai. On 10 September 1833, the allies landed four miles from Abu Dhabi and encamped, ready to move on the town the next day.However, at sunrise they discovered they were surrounded by a large force of Bani Yas and Manasir Bedouin. The invaders fled to their boats, but these were left high and dry by the tide and a rout followed, 45 men killed and 235 taken prisoner (and made to return to their homes in Abu Dhabi), while the Al Qasimi lost six boats and the Dubai contingent lost 60 of its 80 boats. Undeterred, <mask> allied with the Sheikhs of Lingeh and Ajman and once again sailed against Abu

masks:
Sultan
Sultan
bin Sohai
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan


title: Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi

texts:
 Dubai in November 1833. This expedition, failing to take Abu Dhabi by force of arms, blockaded the town. The blockade was effective: 30 Abu Dhabi boats were captured by the Al Qasimi, while a sharp engagement with Sultan's Dubai allies resulted in 10 dead on the Abu Dhabi side. A caravan of 50 camels carrying dates was captured and, while Abu Dhabi was reduced to dire straits by the blockade, moves against Dubai's supporters by land and the necessity to bring water and supplies from Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah meant the blockading force also suffered. A short-lived peace was arranged, followed by a more enduring arrangement in 1834 under which Abu Dhabi agreed that the people of Dubai should be subjects of Sharjah.Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853

The war, the most enduring and damaging so far of any between the coastal communities of the Persian Gulf, prepared the ground for the Perpetual Maritime Truce of 1853, commencing with a series of treaties negotiated by the British to cover a truce for the annual pearling season, which took effect from 1835 onwards. These annual treaties lasted for eight months each but the third treaty, at the insistence of <mask> Saqr, was extended to a full year and subsequent treaties to 1882 were annual. At this point, it was proposed to extend the treaty to a duration of ten years and this, broadly, held (there are several instances of squabbling and jostling on the pearl banks). Subsequently, in May 1853, the Sheikhs signed the Perpetual Maritime Truce, three of them signing as 'Chief' of their towns (Umm Al Qawain, Ajman and Dubai) and two, Saeed <mask>oon and <mask> Saqr signing as head of their tribes - Bani Yas and Al Qasimi respectively. Agreement with Muscat
Ending almost a century of on and off

masks:
Sultan bin
bin Tahn
Sultan bin


title: Sultan bin Saqr Al Qasimi

texts:
 conflict with Muscat, <mask> <mask> in 1850 agreed a compromise with the Sultan of Muscat in which Al Qasimi rule was agreed north of the line between Sharjah and Khor Kalba on the East coast, but excluding the rough, high land North of the line between Sha'am on the West and Dibba on the East coast. The Siege of Hamriyah
A blood-feud broke out in Sharjah between members of the Huwalah and Shwaihiyin tribes in Sharjah and Sultan moved the Shwaihiyin, a body of recent immigrants to Sharjah who numbered some 500 fighting men, to Hamriyah, a town on the northern border between Ajman and Sharjah. This provoked the first of what would be many rebellions by Hamriyah against Al Qasimi rule, which Sultan put down by besieging Hamriyah in May 1855 with a force of his own men as well as some 3,000 from Ajman and five artillery pieces.Hamriyah was defended by some 800 men and Abdullah bin <mask> was killed in the fighting. With only ten men lost by the defenders of Hamriyah (and some 60 dead among the besiegers), the British were brought in by Sultan to mediate. It had been <mask>'s hope that the captain of the British ship 'Clive', Kemball, would enforce his writ over Hamriyah, but Kemball refused to attack Hamriyah on <mask>'s behalf and instead negotiated a peace between which saw the Shwaihiyin removed from Hamriyah. In 1860, the headman of Hamriyah, Abdulrahman bin Saif, led a force in support of Sharjah against the rebellious communities of Khan and Abu Hail. Sheikh <mask> bin <mask> <mask>mi died in 1866 at the age of 85. He was succeeded by Khalid bin <mask> <mask>. References

Sheikhs of the Emirate of Sharjah
19th-century monarchs in the Middle East
Sheikhs of the Emirate of Ras Al Khaimah
1781 births
1866 deaths
House of Al

masks:
Sultan Bin
Saqr
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Sultan
Saqr
Al Qasi
Sultan Al
Qasimi


title: Merse (politician)

texts:
<mask> (also known as Guo Daofu, 1894–?) was an Inner Mongolian politician, best known as a founder of the Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (IMPRP). He was a Daur from a noble family native to Hulunbuir. Names
"Merse" is transcribed into Chinese as . The final "e" is pronounced, not silent as in English; to emphasise this, some sources write "Mersé". Others write Mersee, a transcription from the Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet spelling Мэрсээ. It is an abbreviation of the Daur name <mask>tei ().He also used the Chinese name Kuo Tao-fu (), formed with his courtesy name (道甫) as a given name and the first character Guo of his Daur clan name Gobulo () as a Chinese-style surname. He also used the art-name Chun Hwang (). Education and early career
<mask> studied at the Mongol-Manchu School (滿蒙學校) in Hailar. In 1910 he entered the Heilongjiang First Provincial Middle School (黑龍江省立第一中學), graduating four years later. In 1915, he enrolled in the Russian Language Institute (俄文專修館) of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing. After completing his course there in 1917, he returned to his hometown Hailar, where in 1918 he established a private school. In 1920 the local government converted it into a banner-supported public school; he continued as principal.In politics
Early in his political life, <mask> established close ties with the independent state of Mongolia and the Soviet Union. In 1922, he attended a Pan-Mongolist conference organised by Buryat at Verkhneudinsk (today Ulan-Ude, capital of the Republic of Buryatia). In October 1925, he became the secretary-general of the newly founded Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party at Kalgan (Zhangjiakou. Even the name of the party itself

masks: Merse Mersen Merse Merse


title: Merse (politician)

texts: represented <mask>'s careful balancing act between the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in independent Mongolia, and the various political parties in China, at a time of Kuomintang-Communist Party of China cooperation: the Mongolian name echoed the MPRP's Mongolian name, while the Chinese name echoed "Kuomintang". The KMT-CPC split of 1927 reflected itself into the IMPRP's own internal situation. The party split into two factions under the pro-China Serengdongrub and the pro-Ulaanbaatar/Moscow Merse (though Ulanhu would later try to frame this purely as a split between KMT and CPC supporters). Merse and other left-wing elements within the party took steps towards more radical action: organising an armed uprising.Comintern agent Ivan P. Stepanov promised them arms and funding. Thus, in 1928, <mask> and his Daur compatriot Fumintai (福明泰 or 敖民泰) led a group of Barga Mongols in an uprising in his hometown Hailar, attempting to establish local autonomy. Sources refer to this by a variety of names, including the "Hulunbuir Uprising" and "Barga Rebellion". However, the Comintern repudiated Stepanov's statement, and the Mongolian and Soviet governments denied all association with the uprisings, and arrested <mask>'s associates who had gone to Ulaanbaatar during and after the uprising. No outside support would be forthcoming. The Chinese authorities arrested China Eastern Railway assistant director Mikhail Lashevich in connection with the uprising in August 1928. <mask> was thus forced to end his uprising and make peace with Zhang Xueliang in September 1929.The Barga, for their part, fled to independent Mongolia, where they would become the target of political repressions in the next decade. In

masks: Merse Merse Merse Merse


title: Merse (politician)

texts:
 the aftermath, <mask> himself became a teacher at the Northeast Normal School for the Mongolian Banners at Mukden. He also worked as Zhang's personal secretary. He repudiated the Soviet Union in published articles. He also stepped back from his promotion of Inner Mongolian independence, instead seeking greater autonomy under the Republic of China. His views on religion also seemed to have softened from his earlier communist-influenced hard line against feudalism and Buddhism; during the visit of Thubten Choekyi Nyima, 9th Panchen Lama to Mukden, he began to realise the value of religious figures in drawing support for the nationalist movement. He would go on to accompany Demchugdongrub in a visit to the Panchen Lama at Beijing, a meeting which resulted in their offer to build  monasteries in Jerim League and Xilin Gol League.Finally, during these years he also worked on a translation of the Secret History of the Mongols. Disappearance
After the Mukden Incident in 1931, <mask> disappeared from public view. Owen Lattimore claimed that Zhang Xueliang, fearing that <mask> would be used to convince other Mongols to support the Japanese, had him assassinated. Later authors, though agreeing with the possibility that Zhang held such views, dismiss the assassination claims; they instead state that <mask> went to the Soviet consulate in Manzhouli. Another source reports that he indeed instructed two associates, Khafengga and Buyanmandukhu, to try to obtain material support from the Japanese to organise a Mongolian autonomous army in eastern Inner Mongolia as a ruse, and once done head west to support the anti-Japanese movement. Another account states that he went to Ulaanbaatar in 1932 to try to


title: Merse (politician)

texts:
 obtain support for his plans. There was no news of him after that for more than half a century.However, his name appeared in KGB files released in May 1989 when he was rehabilitated. According to those records, <mask> was arrested due to his nationalistic tendencies, taken to the Soviet Union, charged with spying for Inner Mongolia and attempting to escape imprisonment, and sentenced to death. His sentence was reduced to 10 years' imprisonment in October 1934, and he was sent to the Gulag, but the records do not record his eventual fate. Legacy
In the immediate aftermath of the Hulunbuir Uprising, internal CPC documents gave a rather positive evaluation of <mask>, describing him and the other members of the IMPRP's left-wing faction as having gained widespread popular support through their mass work. However, later PRC historiography of Inner Mongolia up to the late 1990s portrayed <mask> as a villain, a "splittist", and even a rightist like Serengdongrub. However, Daur in the PRC increasingly viewed him as a hero beginning in the 1980s. The 1986 Brief Daur History described him positively.The following year, the Daur History and Language Working Group issued a reprint of his 1929 lectures on "the Mongolian problem". A bust of him stands in a public square in the Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner. His position on the question of the Daur's status as an ethnic group separate from the Mongols remained an open question, with some suggesting he intended for the Daurs to be completely "Mongolised". References

Bibliography

1894 births
Year of death unknown
Chinese people imprisoned abroad
Foreign Gulag detainees
Republic of China politicians from Inner Mongolia
People from Hulunbuir
Soviet

masks: Merse Merse Merse


title: Susanna Phillips

texts:
<mask> (Huntington) is an American singer who has sung leading lyric soprano roles at leading American and international opera houses. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Birmingham, Alabama and grew up in Huntsville where she attended Randolph School. She received Bachelor of Music and Master of Music degrees from the Juilliard School where she was a student of Cynthia Hoffmann. In 2002 and 2003 she attended the Music Academy of the West summer conservatory. After completing her master's degree in 2004, she became a member of Santa Fe Opera's Apprentice Program for Singers. In March 2005, she joined Lyric Opera Center for American Artists at Lyric Opera of Chicago, now the Ryan Opera Center. During her tenure with the program in Chicago she sang Diana in a new Robert Carsen production of Iphigénie en Tauride opposite Susan Graham, and performed Juliette in Roméo et Juliette and Rosalinde in Die Fledermaus.Career
While at the Lyric Opera of Chicago's LOCAA program, she participated in Santa Fe Opera's 50th Anniversary Arias Gala Concert on August 12, 2006, and sang the role of Pamina in the final two performances of the 2006 season production of The Magic Flute. Following in the 2007 season she sang the role of

masks:
Susanna Phillips
Phillips


title: Susanna Phillips

texts: Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte. She made her Metropolitan Opera debut on 15 March 2008 singing Musetta in La bohème and has returned to The Met during numerous seasons to sing this role, as well as Pamina (2009, 2010), Donna Anna in Don Giovanni (2012),  Fiordiligi in Così fan tutte (2013, 2014), Antonia in Les contes d'Hoffmann (2015), and Rosalinde in Die Fledermaus (2014, 2015, 2016). In 2010 she won the Met's Beverly Sills Award. She has held leading operatic roles at numerous companies such as Lyric Opera of Chicago, Oper Frankfurt, Santa Fe Opera, Boston Lyric Opera, Minnesota Opera, Opera Birmingham, Fort Worth Opera, Boston Baroque, Ravinia Festival, Aspen Music Festival, Verbier Festival, Gran Teatre del Liceu Barcelona, Gulbenkian Orchestra in Lisbon, and Hyogo Performing Arts Center in Japan. Highly in demand by the world's most prestigious orchestras, <mask> has appeared with the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra under Alan Gilbert, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, San Francisco Symphony Orchestra, Sydney Symphony Orchestra, National Symphony Orchestra (Mexico), Philadelphia Orchestra, Oratorio Society of New York, Santa Fe Symphony Orchestra and Chorus, Santa Barbara Symphony Orchestra, St. Louis Symphony, Music


title: Susanna Phillips

texts:
 "Paukenmesse"
Mass No. 11 in d, "Nelsonmesse"
Mass No. 12 in B flat, "Theresienmesse"
Mass No. 14 in B flat, "Harmoniemesse"
The Creation
The Seasons

Mahler
Das Klagende Lied
Symphony No. 2
Symphony No.4
Symphony No. 8

Mendelssohn
Elijah, Op. 70
Symphony No. 2 "Lobgesang," Op. 52

Messiaen
Poèmes pour Mi

Mozart
Concert Arias (Various)
Exsultate, jubilate, K. 165
Mass in C, K. 257, "Credo"
Mass in C, K. 317, "Coronation"
Mass in c, K. 427, "The Great Mass"
Requiem, K. 626

Orff
Carmina Burana

Pergolesi
Stabat Mater, P. 77

Poulenc
Gloria, FP 177
Stabat Mater, FP 148

Rachmaninoff
The Bells, Op. 35

Schumann
Scenes from Goethe's Faust (Paradies und die Peri)

Strauss, R.
Orchestral Songs
Four Last Songs, TrV 296

Szymanowski
Stabat Mater, Op. 53

Vivaldi
Gloria, RV 589
In furore justissime ire, RV626
Laudate Pueri, RV 601

Recital/chamber music

<mask> collaborates with pianists and other instrumentalists for art song recitals and chamber music concerts with a variety of thematic and musical interests.Discography
 Wasting the Night, Naxos, 2010, CD
 Paysages, Bridge, 2011, CD
 Poul Ruders, Vol. 8, Bridge, 2012, CD
 The Opera America Songbook, Opera America, 2012, CD
 Colors of Feelings, Delos, 2012, CD
 Brass


title: Susanna Phillips

texts:
 Rail Blues: Music by Patricia Morehead, Navona Records, 2014, CD
 An AIDS Quilt Songbook: Sing for Hope, GPR Records, 2014, CD
 Dear Theo: 3 Song Cycles by Ben Moore, Delos, 2014, CD

Awards and recognition
 Operalia International Opera Competition, First Place and the Audience Prize (2005)
 Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions (2005)
 MacAllister Awards (2005)
 George London Foundation Awards Competition (2005)
Marilyn Horne Foundation Competition
 American Opera Society Competition
 Musicians Club of Women Chicago
 Sullivan Foundation
 Beverly Sills Award (2010)
 Space Camp Hall of Fame (2015)

Personal life
<mask> currently resides in New York City with her husband,  New York lawyer David Huntington, and their children. She is sister to <mask>. Her parents are Dr. Macon and <mask>. References

External links
<mask> <mask> official website
Twickenham Fest official website

American operatic sopranos
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Operalia, The World Opera Competition prize-winners
Musicians from Birmingham, Alabama
Musicians from Huntsville, Alabama
Juilliard School alumni
Winners of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions
21st-century American  women opera singers
Music Academy of

masks:
Phillips
Macon Phillips
Barbara Phillips
Susanna
Phillips


title: Carlos Loiseau

texts:
<mask> (November 9, 1948 – May 8, 2012) was a prolific Argentine cartoonist and humorist. He was popularly known in Argentina by his byline, Caloi. Life and work
<mask> was born in Salta, and he was raised in Adrogué and Buenos Aires from age six. Adopting a portmanteau pseudonym based on his full name ("Caloi"), his caricatures first appeared in the popular current events weekly, Tía Vicenta, in 1966, and his first comic strip appeared in María Belén in 1967; both were satirical weeklies published by a fellow cartoonist, <mask>. <mask>'s first marriage, at age 19, ended after two years. His first book, El libro largo de Caloi (Caloi's Long Book), was published in 1968, and in his first animated short, Las Invasiones Inglesas (The British Invasions), in 1970. Caloi was the chief political cartoonist for the news weekly Análisis between 1968 and 1971.He later became a regular contributor to the satirical magazines Satyricón (1972-74) and Mengano (1974-76), to the sports weekly El Gráfico (1976-82), and numerous other periodicals. His most enduring association, however, would be with the nation's leading news daily, Clarín. His work first appeared in the daily in 1968 as part of his Caloidoscopio series, and in 1973 he introduced readers to what became his signature brainchild: "Clemente." The adoptive, flightless bird of a Buenos Aires tram conductor, Clemente became known for his fondness for football, irony, olives, and women (particularly "la mulatóna," a voluptuous but staid Afro-Cuban character of his same species). Another recurring character in the

masks:
Carlos Loiseau
Loiseau
Juan Carlos Colombres
Loiseau


title: Joko Anwar

texts:
<mask> (born 3 January 1976) is an Indonesian film director, producer, screenwriter, and actor. Prior to becoming a filmmaker, he worked as a journalist and film critic. <mask> first rose to prominence for co-writing Nia Dinata's 2003 hit Arisan! which won five awards at the 2004 Citra Award. He then made his feature film directorial debut with the romantic comedy Joni's Promise in 2005, gaining a Best Director nomination at the 2005 Citra Award. He has since directed a wide range of genres: the noir thriller Dead Time: Kala (2007), psychological thriller The Forbidden Door (2009), supernatural horror Satan's Slaves (2017), and live-action superhero Gundala (2019). <mask> has won three Citra Awards out of 13 nominations for directing and screenwriting.He won the Best Director Awards twice: in 2015 for the urban drama A Copy of My Mind and in 2020 for the folk horror Impetigore as well as the Best Screenplay Award in 2008 for co-writing Mouly Surya's Fiksi.. He has also been nominated for a total of 7 Maya Awards, winning Best Director for Satan's Slaves in 2017. As an actor, <mask> has appeared in multiple films, including starring roles in Edwin's award-winning feature film debut Blind Pig Who Wants to Fly opposite Ladya Cheryl. In 2019, Indonesia Tatler includes <mask> in its list of the most influential film directors in modern Indonesian cinema. Early life
<mask> was born in Medan, North Sumatera where he grew up watching kung fu and horror films. He went to SMA Negeri 1 Medan, a public school, and spent a year in the United States as an exchange student at the Wheeling Park High School in West Virginia. He wrote and directed plays as a student.While he wanted to study filmmaking seriously, he went to enroll at the prestigious Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB) to study Aeronautical Engineering because his family could not afford to send him to a film school. After graduating in 1999, he became a journalist and film critic at The Jakarta

masks:
Joko Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar
Anwar


title: Joko Anwar

texts:
 Post. <mask>'s first film production experience came as an assistant director in Sekar Ayu Asmara's directorial debut Biola Tak Berdawai in 2002. Career

2003–2008: Arisan!, directorial debut, and mainstream success
During an interview with Nia Dinata, who was gaining praise for her 2002 release Ca-bau-kan, for The Jakarta Post, Anwar impressed the filmmaker who in turn asked him to join a project she was working on. The two co-wrote the screenplay for what would be Dinata's biggest hit to date Arisan! released in 2003. The film won rave reviews and snatched multiple Best Film awards at the 2004 Citra Award, the 2004 MTV Indonesia Movie Awards, and the 2004 Bandung Film Festival.Dinata and <mask> also won praise for their screenplay, receiving a Citra Award nomination for Best Screenplay. In 2005, <mask> made his directorial debut with the romantic comedy Joni's Promise (Janji Joni) with a star-studded cast that includes Nicholas Saputra, Mariana Renata, Rachel Maryam, Surya Saputra, and dozens of celebrity cameos, including Nia Dinata, based on a story he first wrote in 1998. The film propelled Anwar to mainstream success as it became a box office hit and earned 9 nominations at the 2005 Citra Award, including Best Film and Best Director for Anwar, losing to the biographical drama Gie and Hanung Bramantyo (Brownies) respectively. The film was credited with reviving the career of Barry Prima, an international martial artist and actor, who is <mask>'s childhood hero. In 2007, <mask> <mask> wrote and directed Dead Time: Kala, Indonesia's first film noir feature film. It won rave reviews from critics with Sight & Sound picking it as one of the year's best while naming <mask> as one of the smartest filmmakers in Asia. The film was screened at numerous film festivals and won a Jury Prize at the 2007 New York Asian Film Festival.The Hollywood Reporter praused the film as "a sophisticated noir whodunit in homage to Fritz Lang's M". In the same year,

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Joko Anwar Anwar


title: Joko Anwar

texts:
 <mask> wrote the screenplay for two other major releases: Dimas Djayadiningrat's sex comedy Quickie Express and an adaptation of Moammar Emka's best-selling novel, Jakarta Undercover. The former won Best Film at the 2008 Jakarta International Film Festival. In 2008, <mask> co-wrote the screenplay for psychological thriller fiksi., Mouly Surya's directorial debut. The film was a huge hit and received universal acclaim. At the 2008 Citra Award, it received 10 nominations and won 4, including Best Screenplay, giving <mask> his first Citra Award. 2009–2016: International recognition and Citra Award for Best Director
<mask> explored the psychological thriller genre in his next film, The Forbidden Door (Pintu Terlarang), which was released in 2009.Starring Fachri Albar and Marsha Timothy as a married couple with dark secrets, the film gained notable recognition from the international film community. TIME magazine film critic Richard Corliss wrote that the film could be "Anwar's calling card for international employment, if only Hollywood moguls wanted something out of their own narrow range" and that it is "an example of what movies could be but rarely dare to try". Maggie Lee of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that it "would make [Alfred] Hitchcock and [Pedro] Almodóvar proud" while praising <mask> for "[accessorizing] his creepy suspense-horror with a dazzling array of auteur-homage". The film was screened at several international film festivals, including The Times BFI London Film Festival, the International Film Festival Rotterdam, and the Bucheon International Fantastic Film Festival, where it won the Best of Bucheon award. In the same year, he also played a minor role in Macabre, Timo Tjahjanto's and Kimo Stamboel's breakout slasher hit. In 2013, he appeared as a shady film producer in Sammaria Simanjuntak's satirical comedy Demi Ucok. <mask>'s next release was the horror-thriller Modus Anomali, which premiered in Indonesia in April 2012.Anwar cast

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Joko Anwar

texts:
 rising star Rio Dewanto in the lead role as a man who must rescue his family from a killer who is hunting them. The film was screened at the South by Southwest where it received generally positive reviews including from Richard Kuipers of Variety who called it a "brainteaser" and that "this extreme arthouse entry will leave a lasting impression on many auds". It received theatrical release in France and was retitled as Ritual for its North American release. In 2015, <mask> released his fifth feature film the urban drama A Copy of My Mind with Chicco Jerikho and Tara Basro in the lead roles. Shot only in 8 days, the film was the only film from Southeast Asia to be screened at the 2015 Venice Film Festival. At the 2015 Citra Award, the film was nominated for 7 awards, including Best Film with <mask> winning Best Director for the first time and Basro winning Best Actress in addition to another win for sound mixing. 2017–2019: Satan's Slaves, Gundala, Impetigore, and second Citra Award for Best Director
In his first supernatural horror effort, <mask> released his sixth feature film Satan's Slaves (Pengabdi Setan) in 2017.A loose remake of the 1980 cult classic of the same name, Satan's Slaves is the highest-grossing Indonesian film of 2017 as well as the highest-grossing horror film of all time in the country with 4.2 million admissions. It also fared well in other territories, including becoming the highest-grossing Indonesian film ever to be released in Malaysia. At the 37th Citra Awards, the film won 7 out of its 13 nominations. At the second Overlook Film Festival, the film won the Feature Film Jury Prize. <mask> also co-wrote the screenplay for Stip & Pensil with Ernest Prakasa and Bene Dion Rajagukguk, for which they were nominated at the 2017 Citra Awards for Best Original Screenplay. In addition to Satan's Slaves, <mask> appeared in small acting roles in seven films between 2017 and 2018. This includes Galih & Ratna, My Generation, The

masks: Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar Anwar


title: Joko Anwar

texts: Underdogs, Daysleepers, 27 Steps of May, and Ave Maryam, and the Malaysian crime thriller Fly by Night.In 2018, it was announced that <mask> would helm the live-action adaptation of comic book superhero character Gundala. The film was released domestically in August 2019, launching the first phase of a superhero film series that will make up the BumiLangit Cinematic Universe along with other popular Indonesian comic book superhero characters. Internationally, it premiered at the Midnight Madness section of the 2019 Toronto International Film Festival. At the 2019 Citra Award, Gundala received 9 nominations and won 3 for cinematography, sound mixing, and visual effects. Earlier in January 2019, the comedy drama Orang Kaya Baru was released. <mask> wrote the screenplay for the film and received another Citra Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay. In October 2019, <mask> released the folk horror Impetigore (Perempuan Tanah Jahanam) as his eighth feature film, becoming a critical and commercial success.At the 2020 Citra Award, <mask> won his second Citra Award for Best Director as well as a nomination in the Best Original Screenplay category. He also received another nomination in the Best Adapted Screenplay category for writing Kimo Stamboel's remake of Indonesian horror classic The Queen of Black Magic. Impetigore's 17 nominations broke the record for most nominations received by a film which was previously held by Mouly Surya's Marlina the Murderer in Four Acts with 14 nominations in 2018. Internationally, it premiered at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival to generally positive reviews. Josh Hurtado of Screen Anarchy praises <mask> for continuing "to carve out a niche for himself as one of the world's leading genre auteurs, going from strength to strength, he's got an incredibly impressive body of work already, and seems to only get better as he becomes more ambitious." In November 2020, Impetigore was announced as Indonesia's official


title: Joko Anwar

texts:
 submission for the 2021 Academy Awards. 2020–present: Bumilangit Cinematic Universe and other upcoming projects
Shortly after the release of Gundala, <mask> was announced as the executive producer to oversee the production of several films included in the planned Volume 1 of Bumilangit Cinematic Universesuperhero franchise.The first of these films to follow Gundala will be the Upi Avianto-directed Sri Asih and Ody C. Harahap-directed Patriot Taruna: Virgo and the Sparklings which were originally slated for a 2020 release but were pushed back to 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 8 films are planned for the Volume 1 series, all of which will receive treatment from <mask> as the creative producer. In July 2020, <mask> teased his next project on Instagram by posting a collage of all his previous eight films with a ninth picture presumed to be hinting at his ninth feature, writing "My 9th movie. It's on. After 9 movies, probably a good time to start fresh." Personal life
<mask> actively interacts with his fans on social media, especially Twitter. In September 2009, he posted on his Twitter account that he would go into a convenience store fully naked if he gained 3,000 followers within the day.He ended up gaining over 13 thousand followers and fulfilled the promise, causing minor controversies. As of January 2021, he has 1.7 million followers on Twitter. Filmography

Feature films

Short films

Acting credits

Television

Frequent collaborators
<mask> has worked with several actors and actresses in multiple films, most notably Tara Basro who appeared in four of his films consecutively between A Copy of My Mind in 2015 and Impetigore in 2019. Awards and nominations

References

External links

Joko Anwar Fan Page on Facebook

1976 births
Living people
Javanese people
Bandung Institute of Technology alumni
Citra Award winners
Maya Award winners
Indonesian film critics
Indonesian film directors
Indonesian screenwriters
The Jakarta Post


title: Esta Henry

texts:
<mask> or <mask> (1883–1963) was an antiques dealer in Edinburgh, Scotland. Born in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in her time she was the subject of news stories in many countries and known for her eccentric behavior. Sometimes called "Mrs. Scotland" in the press, she had ties to a number of notable people and events, including British queens and the auction of the collections of King Farouk of Egypt. <mask>'s shop

<mask> ran an antiques business out of a shop called The Luckenbooth in Moubray House, the oldest building on the Royal Mile in Edinburgh. A luckenbooth is a heart-shaped Scottish brooch named for the shops in the Luckenbooths tenements where jewelry was once sold. Moubray House is next to the John Knox House and is the oldest occupied building in the city. Most records state that Robert Moubray built the original house in 1477.The property itself has gone through many rebuilds and renovations and was gifted to Historic Scotland, the association responsible for historic monuments, in 2012. The antique shop on the Royal Mile was "a favourite haunt" of Queen Mary (Mary of Teck), and visited by the Queen (Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother) and Princess Margaret, in 1948. During the visit, <mask> <mask> took them to see the flat above the shop in Moubray House, where the Queen Mother said she "would like to live on the Royal Mile". Jewelry theft
On 1 May 1953, £650 of the "Hungarian crown jewels collection" was stolen from <mask>'s shop. The gems were later found at 22 St. Stephen's road in Canterbury. <mask> agreed to pay £15 to the owner of the shop, Barnett Lee, to recover her property. The aquamarine, diamond and platinum brooch was sold to Lee (in parts) for £60, by one of two men who had been sentenced at the High Court in Edinburgh for the theft.It is possible that these items were stolen from <mask> by Archibald Hall, alias Roy

masks:
Esta
Esther Henry
Henry
Henry
Esta
Henry
Henry
Henry
Henry


title: Esta Henry

texts:
 Fontaine. Although he was caught and jailed for his crimes, Hall used the proceeds of his thefts in Scotland to move to London. In England he became infamous for infiltrating high class society, committing robberies, and killing a number of his targets. In 1978, Hall was found guilty of murder and sentenced to two life-terms. He died in Kingston Prison, Portsmouth in 2002. A screenplay for a film about Hall, called Monster Butler, was written by Peter Bellwood. According to A. M. Nicol in the 2011 book, The Monster Butler, Hall claimed that he planned the theft that was Scotland's biggest jewel robbery.He devised a scheme with his accomplice, John Wootton, whom he met in prison. Together they took approximately £100,000 in goods from a tin box at the back of <mask>'s shop and went to Torquay. After hiding some of the jewels, they were arrested and sent to Edinburgh. Nicol writes, "the prosecution offered them a deal which involved the true value of the jewels not being made public". Nicol posits that Hall's story is a fabrication and the actual was an "opportunistic sneak theft" for a great deal less value. King Farouk's auction
Farouk I of Egypt was the king of Egypt and Sudan, following his father Fuad I of Egypt, in 1936. He was known for his extensive collection including decorated horological instruments, coins and pornographic art.In 1952, Farouk was deposed by the Egyptian government. His collections were auctioned in February 1954 to return the money spent by Farouk to Egypt's treasury. News of the auction was reported throughout the world, and <mask> was the subject of a number of these articles. The auction was run by the new government, not professional auctioneers, which resulted in unusual circumstances. During the auction, <mask> protested that she could not see and left the salesroom; the supervisors followed her to make

masks: Henry Henry Henry


title: Esta Henry

texts:
 amends. Two days earlier, <mask> insisted that they conduct the auction in English as well as French and Egyptian, and they complied. At one point <mask> grabbed a clock from the stand in the middle of bidding, "When I saw it I rushed up and shouted, lay off—this is for Scotland.If any twister breaks my bid I'll break his neck." <mask> spent over 10,000 pounds sterling at the auction held at the Koubbeh Palace in Cairo, and purchased some items made in Britain; "It gives me pleasure to see rare treasures in their rightful places", she said. One of these was a star shaped watch made by David Ramsay in the 17th century. During the trip, <mask> spoke to a group of women who were holding a starvation strike at the Cairo Press Club to gain the right to vote. The women were members of Daughters of the Nile (Bint El Nil), led by 36-year-old Doria Shafik. Personal life
<mask> claimed to have started in the antique business 'shoving a hawker's barrow out of Jane Street' at the age of 9, "I started with a pushbike and 30 bob, I lived in one room which was also the shop." <mask> performed secret acts of charity to local families, and was elected councillor to Edinburgh of one of the Canongate wards in 1936.Although she was Jewish, <mask> had campaigned under a Protestant Action banner, supporting Protestant leader John Cormack. Shortly after her election Cormack announced he and <mask> would stand for Parliament at the next UK general election, but in fact <mask> soon left Protestant Action. Tom Gallagher believes <mask> was not anti-Catholic, but joined Protestant Action as a means to become a councillor. Kenneth Baxter concurs with this view noting among other evidence the facts that she had previously sought election to Edinburgh Council as 'Moderate/Progressive' candidate without success on five previous occasions and in October 1936 had been

masks: Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry Henry


title: Esta Henry

texts:
 intending to stand as an 'Independent Progressive'. <mask> was widowed in 1947 at the age of 64, and left with 2 daughters and 3 sons. In 1953, a Romanian art dealer named Pinchas Haimovici was held in Saughton Prison, Edinburgh, pending deportation for entering the country on a false passport with the name Paul Eugene Dillon (a Belgian named Paul Dijon in other sources). <mask> <mask> previously met Haimovici, who was 20 years her junior, when he came into her shop in Moubray House.She did not believe his claims and determined to help him, after which he surrendered voluntarily to the court. After his release by the Sheriff Court, he was arrested again as an alien to be deported. Haimovici appealed the order made by the Home Secretary, claiming that he would be put to death as anti-Communist if he was returned to Romania. <mask> declared that she "loved Paul" and she would marry him and take care of all his financial needs (presumably to legalize his position in Scotland). They married shortly after his second release and Haimovici changed his name to <mask>. Sculptor Benno Schotz created a piece called Paul and Esta Henry, shown at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1954. From 1955 to 1961 <mask> served as a member of the ruling council of the influential Edinburgh conservationist group the Cockburn Association.<mask> and <mask> died on 17 January 1963, in an air crash in São Paulo, Brazil, returning from a "belated honeymoon". <mask>'s antiques were taken over by her son <mask>. References

External links
Pictures of <mask> <mask> from Scran image resource. <mask> <mask> mentioned in a personal account by Alistair Macduff in his autobiography
Photo of a star-shaped watch by David Ramsay
Haimovici court papers (paywall)

Antiques experts
People associated with Edinburgh
1883 births
1963 deaths
20th-century Scottish women
20th-century Scottish

masks:
Henry
Esta
Henry
Henry
Paul Henry
Henry
Esta
Paul Henry
Henry
Louis Henry
Esta
Henry
Esta
Henry


title: Heinrich Hoffmann (author)

texts:
<mask> (June 13, 1809 – September 20, 1894) was a German psychiatrist, who also wrote some short works including Der Struwwelpeter, an illustrated book portraying children misbehaving. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Frankfurt on Main to an architect father, <mask>, who was responsible for the city's streets and waterways. <mask>'s mother died when he was a baby. His father later married his mother's sister, Antoinette Lausberg, who was a loving and more than adequate mother to him. Lazy and easily distracted, <mask> at first struggled at school, but became a successful student after conforming to the strict discipline imposed by his demanding father. At university in Heidelberg, he immersed himself into the corps student culture. His zest for dueling was small, but owing to his sociability, good humour and wit, <mask> soon became the center of many social circles, a pattern that would later repeat itself in his hometown.His progress in his medical studies was slow because of the many distractions. To flee these he left Heidelberg for Halle, where he concentrated on his studies under Professor Peter Krukenberg, the founder of a charity clinic. His first brush with medical practice coincided with a cholera outbreak in Halle. After getting his medical degree, he intended to spend a year in Paris (funded by the Frankfurt Bethmann bank) to improve his knowledge of surgery. Due to the deteriorating health of his father, he had to return home early. Family life
<mask> married Therese Donner and had three children by her, two of whom survived him, as did his

masks:
Heinrich Hoffmann
Hoffmann
Philipp Hoffmann
Hoffmann
Hoffmann
Hoffmann
Hoffmann


title: Heinrich Hoffmann (author)

texts:
 wife. He was known to draw comic sketches for his children as well as for his wife.Karl Hessenberg, the mathematician, was his great-grandson. Professional life as a physician and psychiatrist
<mask> worked for a pauper's clinic and had a private practice. He also taught anatomy at the Senckenberg Foundation. None of this paid very well, and when the Frankfurt lunatic asylum's previous doctor (who was a friend of his) retired in 1851, he was eager to take the post even though he had no expertise in psychiatry. This changed quickly, as his later competent publications in the field show. <mask> portrays himself as a caring, humane psychiatrist, who strove to be the sunshine in the life of his miserable patients. His gregarious personality may well have been popular with many of them.His statistical compilations show that up to 40% of the people with acute cases of what would today be called schizophrenia were discharged after a few weeks or months and stayed in remission for years and perhaps permanently. Always a skeptic, <mask> voices doubts whether this was  due to any therapy he may have given them. Much of his energy from 1851 onwards went into campaigning for a new, modern asylum building with gardens in the city's green belt. He was successful and the new clinic was built at the site of today's Frankfurt University's Humanities campus. (The original building was demolished in the 1920s.) Professional life as a writer

<mask> published poems and a satirical comedy before, in 1845, a publisher friend persuaded him to have a collection of illustrated children's

masks: Hoffmann Hoffmann Hoffmann Hoffmann


title: Heinrich Hoffmann (author)

texts:
 verses printed which <mask> had done as Christmas present for his son. The book, later called Struwwelpeter after one of its anti-heroes, became popular with the public and had to be reprinted regularly; many foreign translations followed."Struwwelpeter" was not perceived as cruel or overly moral by <mask>'s contemporaries. The original title, "Funny stories and droll pictures", indicates that entertainment was at least partly the author's intention. After the book's success, <mask> felt persuaded to write other children's  books, of which only the first, König Nussknacker und der arme Reinhold, became popular. He also kept on writing satires and (often comic) poems for adults. His satires show his strong skepticism towards all kinds of ideology and his distaste for religious, philosophical, or political bigotry. Even in Germany, he is today largely remembered for his Struwwelpeter. <mask> was a man of liberal sympathies, campaigned for the goal of a constitutional monarchy, participated in the Vorparlament, and joined the Freemasons but later left due to their refusal to admit Jews.Pro-bono public activities
<mask>, a popular and well-connected figure in his hometown, became an active member of several non-political public bodies during his lifetime. Among them were the administration of the Städelsches Kunstinstitut (Städel Institute of Art) and the Mozart Foundation (who funded Max Bruch, among others). In popular culture

He wrote under the following names:
 Polykarpus Gastfenger (The given name is the German version of that of a Christian martyr; the surname

masks: Hoffmann Hoffmann Hoffmann Hoffmann Hoffmann


title: Heinrich Hoffmann (author)

texts:
 sounds like "Gastfänger", which could be translated as "guest-catcher".) Heulalius von Heulenburg
 <mask>
 <mask>-Donner (The second half of the compound surname is the maiden name of his wife Therese. It would mean "thunder" as a common noun.) <mask>b (The surname means roughly "child-friendly"/"nice to children")
 Reimerich Kinderlieb
 Peter Struwwel (This name reverses the order of the components of "Struwwelpeter".) Zwiebel (As a common noun, this would mean "onion")

In Frankfurt there is a Heinrich-Hoffmann-Museum.He is the subject of the historical novel, 98 Reasons For Being written by Clare Dudman. He and his book Der Struwwelpeter are mentioned in The Office episode "Take Your Daughter to Work Day". One of the short stories contained within Der Struwwelpeter, "Die Geschichte vom Daumenlutscher" or "The Story of Little Suck-a-Thumb" is the loose basis for the song "Scissor Man" by the British band XTC. The story involves a little boy whose punishment for sucking his thumbs is getting them cut off by the tailor. The song was more popularly covered by Primus. Struwwelpeter's statue stands in the center of Frankfurt am Main, in <mask>'s honour. References

Lebenserinnerungen, Frankfurt 1926 (<mask>'s autobiography)

External links

 Works by <mask> in the University of Florida Digital Collections

1809 births
1894 deaths
Writers from Frankfurt
German children's writers
German psychiatrists
German Freemasons
Heidelberg University alumni
University of Halle alumni
19th-century German writers
Burials at Frankfurt Main Cemetery
19th-century German male

masks:
Heinrich Hoffmann
Heinrich Hoffmann
Heinrich Kinderlie
Hoffmann
Hoffmann
Heinrich Hoffman


title: Marion C. Thurnauer

texts:
<mask> is an American chemist at Argonne National Laboratory (Argonne). She was the first woman director of the Chemistry Division (CHM) and the first woman division director in the Physical Sciences Directorate at Argonne. She is an Argonne Distinguished Fellow Emeritus in the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division and has received numerous awards for her work in chemistry and her support of women in science. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Chattanooga, Tennessee, later moving to Minnesota. Her father, <mask> was a ceramic engineer. Her mother, <mask>, died in 1959, while <mask> was still young. One of her aunts, Luise Herzberg, was an astrophysicist.<mask> credits family interests in science as a formative influence. She received her B.A. (1968), M.S. (1969) and Ph.D. (1974) in chemistry, from the University of Chicago. <mask> credits her future husband, Alexander Trifunac with suggesting she study chemistry, rather than initially pursue her interest in biology, and learn the physical techniques of chemistry that could then be applied to biological systems. <mask>'s doctoral thesis advisor was Gerhard L<mask>. For her thesis work, she studied magnetic interactions in radical pairs using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).The final experiments for her thesis research were conducted with an EPR spectrometer at Argonne because equipment at the University of Chicago had been damaged in an explosion. Subsequent to this ‘unfortunate’ event she was offered a postdoctoral position in the Chemistry Division at Argonne. Argonne National Laboratory
As a postdoctoral fellow at Argonne, Dr. <mask> worked with James R. Norris (chemist) and Joseph J. Katz. She used EPR spectroscopy to study photochemical energy conversion in natural photosynthesis. She was promoted to a staff position as an Assistant Chemist, and for several years was the only female staff scientist in the chemistry division. From 1993 to 1995 she was the Group Leader for the Photochemical Energy Sciences Group. From 1995 to 2003, she served as the first woman director

masks:
Marion Charlotte Thurnauer
Marion Thurnauer
Hans Thurnauer
Lotte Oettinger Thurnauer
Marion
Thurnauer
Thurnauer
Thurnauer
. Closs
Thurnauer


title: Marion C. Thurnauer

texts:
 of CHM, and the first woman division director in Argonne’s Physical Sciences Directorate.In 2003 she was recognized as an Argonne Distinguished Fellow, Chemistry Division. She is currently Argonne Distinguished Fellow Emeritus in the Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division. She is author or coauthor of more than 135 publications and 4 patents. She has actively encouraged other women scientists. Dr. <mask> studies fundamental mechanisms in photophysics and photochemistry and their applications to the design of artificial photocatalytic systems. A major area of her research has been solar photochemical energy conversion in bacterial and oxygenic photosynthesis and model photosynthetic systems. Oxygenic photosynthesis is the main process providing energy to the biosphere of the planet, creating the protective ozone layer and consuming carbon dioxide.Photosynthetic organisms use solar energy, converting it into high-energy biochemical compounds. With her colleagues, she has modeled the spin and polarization of electrons in light-activated photosynthetic systems and helped to develop  time-resolved magnetic resonance techniques for the study  of sequential electron transfer in photochemical energy conversion. With collaborators such as Tijana Rajh, she has studied bio-inspired nanomaterials that mimic the energy transduction of natural photosynthesis. She is a co-editor of  "The Purple Photosynthetic Bacteria" (2008), a collection of authoritative reviews on bacterial photosynthesis. One of her postdoctoral fellows and subsequently, Associate Division Director, Seth W. Snyder is the only person to serve as both the Board Chair and President of the Council for Chemical Research. Women in Science and Technology
Dr. <mask> was awarded the Argonne Director’s Award for Extraordinary Effort in 1990 for her work in establishing  the "Science Careers in Search of Women" conference, an extremely successful program that enables students to learn about technical careers in science and engineering and meet with women working actively in science. The

masks: Thurnauer Thurnauer


title: Marion C. Thurnauer

texts:
 first year involved college women, but in ensuing years the program has worked with high school students.After the second conference, Argonne leadership and women scientists launched the Argonne Women in Science and Technology (WIST) program. <mask> and others emphasized that outreach and internal career development were closely linked, promoting change within the organization as well as without: "Young women could not be brought to Argonne and successfully encouraged to be scientists and engineers if they observed only a few women in relatively lower level positions." <mask> served a two-year term (1992-1994) as the Women in Science Program Initiator, a paid 30% appointment, and for several years was a member of the WIST Steering Committee. Awards
 NATO Grant for International Collaborative Research with Professor K. Mobius and Dr. R. Furrer, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, West Germany, 1984
 Argonne National Laboratory Pacesetter Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Organization of the Conference, "Science Careers in Search of Women", 1989
 ANL Director's Award for Extraordinary Effort involved in Organizing “Science Careers in Search of Women” Conference, 1990
 Award of Merit of Chicago Association of Technological Societies, 1990
 University of Chicago Award for Distinguished Performance at Argonne, 1991
 YWCA Outstanding Women Leaders of DuPage County Award, 1996
 Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1997
 Agnes Fay Morgan Research Award by Iota Sigma Pi, National Honor Society for Women in Chemistry, 1997
 Francis P. Garvan-John M. Olin Medal Award, National American Chemical Society, 2002
 Science Careers in Search of Women Conference, Founders Award, 2007
 University of Chicago - Argonne Pinnacle of Education Award, 2007, for "leadership in science through the Division of Educational Programs." Council for Chemical Research Diversity Award, 2010

References

1945 births
University of Chicago alumni
Recipients of the Garvan–Olin Medal
American women chemists
Living people
21st-century American


title: Ron Johnson (baseball)

texts:
<mask> (March 23, 1956 – January 26, 2021) was an American baseball player, coach and minor league manager. From 2012 through 2018, he managed the Norfolk Tides of the International League, Triple-A farm system affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles. His 2018 season with Norfolk was his 14th season as a Triple-A manager; he formerly helmed the Pawtucket Red Sox of the International League (2005–09), and the Omaha Royals (1998) and Omaha Golden Spikes (1999) of the Triple-A Pacific Coast League. <mask> was a first baseman for the Kansas City Royals and Montreal Expos during his brief Major League Baseball (MLB) playing career from 1982 to 1984. He threw and batted right-handed, and was listed at  tall and . <mask> was also a former first base coach of the Boston Red Sox of MLB. Playing career
When in high school, <mask> turned down football scholarships to UCLA and Fresno State University, and instead chose to play baseball at Fresno State.<mask> was originally drafted by the California Angels in the 13th round of the 1976 Major League Baseball draft, but did not sign. He was named to the 1978 College Baseball All-America Team by the American Baseball Coaches Association. He graduated from Fresno State before being drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the 24th round, with the 595th overall pick, in the 1978 MLB draft. He made his major league debut with the Royals on September 12, 1982. On December 15, 1983, the Royals traded <mask> to the Montreal Expos for Tom Dixon. <mask> played in 22 major league games over parts of three seasons, batting .261 with 12 hits, including two doubles and two runs batted in. He played 830 games in the minor leagues, most of them at the Triple-A

masks:
Ronald David Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson


title: Ron Johnson (baseball)

texts:
 level.Coaching and managerial career

Kansas City Royals
Shortly after his playing days ended in 1985, <mask> became a coach in the Royals' minor league system. He served as a coach within the Kansas City organization for six seasons, before becoming a manager. <mask> made his managerial debut with the Baseball City Royals (Class A) of the Florida State League in 1992. He won Texas League Manager of the Year honors in 1995, after guiding the Wichita Wranglers (Double-A) to the playoffs. Three years later, he reached Triple-A as manager of the Omaha Royals, and in 1999 he led that club to a first-place finish in the Pacific Coast League. In total, <mask> posted six winning seasons in his eight years managing in the Royals' organization. Boston Red Sox
<mask> joined the Boston Red Sox organization in 2000 as manager of the Sarasota Red Sox (Class A) of the Florida State League.In 2002, <mask> was promoted to Double-A as manager of the Trenton Thunder of the Eastern League. When the Red Sox switched Double-A affiliations to the Portland Sea Dogs in 2003, he moved with them and was manager of the Sea Dogs for the next two seasons. His 2003 club went 72–70 and missed the Eastern League playoffs by just a game and a half. In 2004, <mask> once again had Portland near .500 for much of the year before finishing at 69–73 and in a tie for 4th-place in the Eastern League Northern Division. From 2005 to 2009, <mask> served as manager for Boston's Triple-A affiliate, the Pawtucket Red Sox. On November 23, 2009, <mask> was appointed as first base coach for the major league Red Sox. He held the post for two seasons, but on October 5, 2011, <mask> was fired from the Red Sox staff

masks: Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson


title: Ron Johnson (baseball)

texts:
 following the departure of manager Terry Francona.Baltimore Orioles
<mask> was next appointed manager of the Norfolk Tides, Triple-A affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles, and led them to back-to-back winning seasons in 2012 and 2013. In 2015, he managed the Tides to a division title and was named the International League Manager of the Year. The 2018 campaign marked his seventh consecutive year as Norfolk's manager, and he holds the franchise record for games won as a manager (491). During the year, <mask> was named the winner of the Orioles' Cal Ripken Sr. Player Development Award, but at the close of the season, he was released by the Baltimore organization as it underwent a significant front-office transition amid the departures of general manager Dan Duquette and manager Buck Showalter. <mask>'s minor league managerial record was 1,752–1,770 (.497) over 25 seasons. Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Daphne, had five children.His son Chris was drafted in the 37th round by the Red Sox in June 2003 but instead opted for college; and was later drafted by the Houston Astros. Primarily a third baseman, <mask> spent a dozen years in professional baseball, including all or parts of eight seasons (2009–16) in the majors with five teams. He had a breakout season in 2013 with the Atlanta Braves, finishing second in the National League batting race at .321. He also led the Braves in doubles (34) and finished second on the club in hits (165). Chris spent part of the 2017 season reunited with his father as a member of the Triple-A Tides in the Baltimore organization. <mask> took an emergency leave from his coaching duties with the Red Sox on August 1, 2010, after his youngest

masks:
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Johnson
Chris Johnson
Johnson


title: Ron Johnson (baseball)

texts:
 daughter was seriously injured when hit by a car while horse riding. He missed the rest of the season but was able to return to the Red Sox at the outset of spring training in 2011.<mask> died as a result of COVID-19 on January 26, 2021, at the age of 64. See also

List of second-generation Major League Baseball players

References

Further reading

External links

 Triple-A Norfolk Tides manager <mask> chats with Jim Hunter via YouTube

1956 births
2021 deaths
All-American college baseball players
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball coaches from California
Baseball players from Long Beach, California
Boston Red Sox coaches
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
California State University, Fresno alumni
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Tennessee
Fort Myers Royals players
Fresno State Bulldogs baseball players
Fullerton College alumni
Fullerton Hornets baseball players
Gulf Coast Royals players
Indianapolis Indians players
Jacksonville Suns players
Kansas City Royals players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Montreal Expos players
Nashville Sounds players
Norfolk Tides managers
Omaha Royals players
Pawtucket Red Sox managers
Portland Sea Dogs managers
Sportspeople from Long Beach, California
Trenton Thunder managers
West Palm Beach Tropics

masks:
Johnson
Ron Johnson


title: Anna Carter Florence

texts:
<mask> is the Peter Marshall Professor of Preaching at Columbia Theological Seminary and an ordained minister in the Presbyterian Church (USA). She is known for her work on the historical, theological, aesthetic, and performative dimensions of preaching. Career
<mask> received a B.A. from Yale University (1984), an M.Div from Princeton Theological Seminary (1988), and a Ph.D. from Princeton Theological Seminary (2000). She was ordained in the Presbyterian Church (USA) in 1988 by the Presbytery of the Twin Cities Area. She was an Associate Pastor for Youth and Young Adults at Westminster Presbyterian Church, Minneapolis, MN (1988-1993) before becoming a Teaching Assistant in Preaching (1993-1996) and Instructor in Preaching (1997) at Princeton Theological Seminary. Beginning in 1998, <mask> became an Instructor in Preaching at Columbia Theological Seminary, where she has since held the positions of Assistant Professor of Preaching (2000-2006), Associate Professor of Preaching (2006-2008), and Peter Marshall Associate Professor of Preaching (2008-2016).She currently serves as the Peter Marshall Professor of Preaching at Columbia Theological Seminary. Thought
<mask> <mask> has focused much of her research on testimony, feminist theology, and the relationship of preaching to other fields and traditions. In addition to teaching and lecturing around the world on these

masks:
Anna Carter Florence
Anna Carter Florence
Anna Carter Florence
Anna Carter
Florence


title: Anna Carter Florence

texts:
 topics, she has written several books and contributed a number of chapters and essays to others. She is also a frequent contributor to Lectionary Homiletics and other journals. She is a proponent of preaching as both testimony and witness, as well as a proponent of preaching exegetical sermons based on the texts provided in the lectionary. She believes that "the authority for authentic preaching is based on the depth of the preacher’s engagement with the text. It is the job of the preacher to encounter the text on a personal level and then testify to what he/she has seen and heard."She advocates preachers to think of themselves as "people who have seen and heard something, and who have to tell about it. We are the people who pay attention in the first place: we pay attention to sacred texts and to human life, and then we try to describe what we see, even when it is beyond belief.”  <mask> <mask> has also developed the method of reading biblical scripture by focusing on the verbs that are given and chosen by the characters. She states, " It’s what we do and don’t do that preoccupies human beings. And it’s the verbs we cannot imagine for ourselves (live, liberate, forgive, resurrect) that the church offers, and that we reach for, week after week." Publications
Preaching as Testimony. Westminster John Knox Press, 2007. Inscribing the Word: Sermons and Prayers of

masks:
Anna Carter
Florence


title: Anna Carter Florence

texts:
 Lectionary, Year A, Vol. 2 (X), edited by David Bartlett and Barbara Brown Taylor. Westminster John Knox Press, 2011. "A Prodigal Preaching Story: Paul, Eutychus, and Bored-to-Death Youth," in Theology Today, 64.2 (2007). "You Are Out of Your Mind," in Journal for Preachers (Advent, 2004). "Smashing Beauty," in Journal for Preachers (Pentecost, 2004)."Blessing the Way: Birth, Infinity and Beyond," in Journal for Preachers (Advent, 2003). "The Liquid Church: Before the Flood," in Journal for Preachers (Advent, 2002). "The Liquid Church: After the Flood," in Journal for Preachers (Advent, 2002). "Bread on the Water," in Cloud of Witnesses, Vol. I: An Audio Journal on Youth, Church and Culture. The Institute for Youth Ministry, Princeton Theological Seminary, 2000. "Preaching to the Exiles Who Live at Home: Youth, Testimony, and a Homiletic of ‘True Speech’" in Journal for Preachers (Advent, 2000)."The Woman Who Just Said No," in Journal for Preachers (Advent, 1999). "The Voice You Find May Be Your Own," in The Princeton Seminary Bulletin'', December 1996. References

External links
<mask> <mask> Contributions to Working Preacher
Day1 <mask> <mask> Bio

Living people
Columbia Theological Seminary faculty
Princeton Theological Seminary alumni
American biblical scholars
Presbyterian Church (USA)
Yale University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Female

masks:
Anna Carter
Florence
Anna Carter
Florence


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
<mask> (August 14, 1645 – August 22, 1700) was one of the first great intellectuals born in the New World - Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain (Mexico City). He was a criollo patriot, exalting New Spain over Old. A polymath and writer, he held many colonial government and academic positions. Sigüenza is considered the "Da Vinci mexicano"

Early life
Sigüenza was born in Mexico City in 1645 to <mask> y Benito, originally from Madrid, and to Doña <mask>, born in Seville, Spain, whom the elder <mask> met following his arrival New Spain in 1640. Sigüenza was the second oldest and first male of nine siblings. He was related to the famous baroque Spanish poet <mask> through his mother. He studied mathematics and astronomy under the direction of his father, who had been a tutor for the royal family in Spain.Expulsion from the Jesuits
Sigüenza entered the Society of Jesus as a novice August 17, 1660, took simple vows August 15, 1662 at Tepotzotlán. But he was dismissed from the Jesuits in 1668, for repeatedly flouting Jesuit discipline and going out secretly at night. He repented and pleaded to be reinstated, but the head of the Jesuits, the General of the Order, rejected his plea, saying "The cause of the expulsion of this person is so disreputable, as he himself confesses, that he does not deserve this boon [of being readmitted]." This dismissal was not only a grave disappointment and a blot on his reputation, but it also meant that he would be financially insecure for the rest of this life. He became a secular priest without a parish or a steady income, so the multiple offices he

masks:
Don Carlos de Sigüza y Góngora
Don Carlos de Sigüza
Dionisia Suárez de Figueroa y Góngora
Don Carlos
Luis de Góngora


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 sought during his lifetime were to support himself and his extended family, all of whom, including his father, were dependent on him to the end of his life. He was ordained a secular priest in 1673. Career in Science
He studied at the Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico following his dismissal from the Jesuits, and excelled at mathematics and developed a lifelong interest in the sciences.When a faculty position in Mathematics & Astrology (astronomy) was available, <mask> sought to compete for it, although he did not hold a degree in the subjects. It was not clear that he could even be eligible to compete, but <mask> argued successfully to do so. Selection for university posts was via oposiciones or competition between candidates. A question was posed and the candidate had to complete a response within 24 hours to be judged by a panel. Ghost writers or ringers sometimes completed the exercise and <mask> successfully argued that his chief rival for the position, and the person who vociferously argued that <mask> had no standing to even compete, had to be kept under surveillance during the competition to prevent cheating. On July 20, 1672, he was named to the chair of Mathematics and Astrology. His record as a professor was marred because he was frequently absent from the classroom due to his researches on various topics and to the pressing of other obligations he took on for fiscal reasons.One of his biographers suggests that his absences from the university might be attributable to his disdain for astrology, which he considered "a diabolical invention and consequently,

masks: Sigüenza Sigüenza Sigüenza Sigüenza


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts: alien to science, method, principle and truth." In 1681 <mask> wrote the book Philosophical Manifest Against the Comets Stripped of their Dominion over the Timid in which he tried to dismiss fears of impending superstitious predictions that linked comets to calamitous events; in the work he takes steps to separate the fields of astrology and astronomy. The Tyrolean Jesuit Eusebio Kino, who had come to New Spain to evangelize on the northern frontier, met Sigüenza at his home in Mexico City. Both men had observed the comet of 1680 and both were keenly interested in the phenomenon. The warm feelings between the two soured quickly, with <mask> believing that Kino belittled Mexican-born Spaniards' (creoles) level learning. Kino published a strong criticism of Sigüenza's opinion on comets, without naming him specifically. Kino's criticism was that because they were contradictory to established astronomical/astrological belief in the heavens.Sigüenza often cited authors such as Copernicus, Galileo, Descartes, Kepler, and <mask> Brahe. In 1690, <mask> moved to defend his previous work by publishing "Libra Astronómica y Filosófica"; it was unlike many of his other writings, which remained in manuscript form because he could not afford to publish them. He directly attacks Kino by saying "I hereby point out that neither his Reverence [Kino] nor any other mathematician, even if he is <mask> himself, can set up dogmas in these sciences, because authority has no place in them at all, but only proof and demonstration." Theology was known as the "Queen of the Sciences", but Sigüenza's stance

masks: Sigüenza Sigüenza Tycho Sigüenza Ptolemy


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 is on the side of science as defined in the modern era. Royal geographer

In the 1680s, he prepared the first-ever map of all of New Spain, which won high praise and was widely copied. He also drew hydrologic maps of the Valley of Mexico. In 1692 King Charles II named him official geographer for the colony.As royal geographer, he participated in the 1692 expedition to Pensacola Bay, Florida under command of <mask> Pez, to seek out defensible frontiers against French encroachment. He mapped Pensacola Bay and the mouth of the Mississippi: in 1693, he described the terrain in Descripción del seno de Santa María de Galve, alias Panzacola, de la Mobila y del Río Misisipi. When a Spanish attempt to colonize Pensacola Bay in 1698 was thwarted by the arrival of a French fleet, Sigüenza was blamed by the leader of the expedition, <mask> Arriola, for inciting the French action. He successfully defended himself against these charges in 1699. Other professional pursuits
In order to supplement his modest salary as a professor, he took on a number of other posts. He was chaplain of the Hospital del Amor de Dios (now Academia de San Carlos) from 1682 until his death. This post provided him with living quarters, which given his strapped financial circumstances was a major benefit.It also was a steady income from celebrating masses for a fixed fee. He also served as Chief Almoner for the Archbishop of Mexico, Don Francisco <mask> <mask>, distributing alms to poor women, a charity the "misogynistic prelate could not abide." Sigüenza not only pursued his interests in science, but he was also a

masks:
Andrés de
Andrés de
de Aguiar
y Seijas


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts: poet, non-fiction writer, historian, philosopher, cartographer, and cosmographer of the realm. Such was his prestige that the French King Louis XIV tried to induce him to come to Paris. He published his first poem in 1662. From 1671 to 1701 (posthumous) he published a yearly almanac. A. Margarita Peraza-Rugeley has studied the surviving almanacs in her 2013 book.In 1690 Sigüenza published a pirate captivity narrative which has been considered Latin America's first novel, Los infortunios de Alonso Ramírez. However, new archival evidence discovered by Fabio López Lázaro (2007, 2011), José F. Buscaglia-Salgado (2009, 2011), and A. Margarita Peraza-<mask> (2013) proves that this incredible story of a Puerto Rican taken captive by English pirates off the Philippine Islands is a historical account, not a fictional one. The archival documents contain dozens of eyewitness accounts corroborating not only the existence of Ramírez, his marriage in Mexico City, and also his capture in 1687, his life with pirates (most notably William Dampier), his collaboration with them, and his return to Mexico in 1690, at which time Spanish colonial authorities suspected Alonso of piracy. López Lázaro was the first to discover archival evidence (published in 2007) for the historical existence of Ramírez, his meeting with the Viceroy of New Spain, and the writing of Los infortunios in 1690. Buscaglia corroborated the existence of Alonso Ramírez as a true historical figure in 2009, citing his marriage certificate and pinpointing with exactitude, after two expeditions to the coast of Bacalar, the site of


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 his shipwreck. López Lázaro's and Buscaglia's studies are the most significant findings in more than a century of scholarship on the book. The new archival evidence leaves no room to doubt that Sigüenza's key role in creating Los infortunios de Alonso Ramírez was in editing Alonso's coarse narrative into a superior literary piece.According to López Lázaro's analysis, the book was commissioned by the Spanish administration during the war against Louis XIV to solidify Madrid's commitment to the struggle against French colonial rivals and their buccaneer collaborators but also to warn them about Spain's unreliable English and Dutch allies. Friendship with Sor Juana Inés <mask> Cruz

Seventeenth-century Mexico City had two savants, <mask> <mask> y Góngora and Doña Juana Inés <mask> y <mask> Santillana, known to posterity as the Hieronymite nun, Sor Juana Inés <mask> Cruz. It is unclear at what point the two made their acquaintance, but they lived a short distance away from each other, he in the Amor de Dios Hospital and she in the convent where she had taken vows following a time spent in the viceregal court. Although Sor Juana was cloistered, the Hieronymite order followed a more relaxed rule and nuns could have visitors in the locutorio or special room for conversation in the convent. Known as the "Tenth Muse", she was a formidable intellect and poet, and was encouraged in her scientific studies by Sigüenza. Each was well known in circles of power and with the arrival of the new viceroy to New Spain, each was tapped to design a triumphal arch to welcome him, a signal honor to

masks:
de la
Don Carlos
de Sigüza
de Asbaje
Ramírez de
de la


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 them both. Sor Juana's final years were extremely difficult ones, and when she died in 1695, Sigüenza delivered the eulogy at her funeral.The text of that address is now lost, but in 1680 he had praised her, "There is no pen that can rise to the eminence that hers o'ertops...[the fame of] Sor Juana Inés <mask> Cruz will only end with the world." The Ixtlilxochitl-Sigüenza-Boturini collection
Sigüenza had a strong interest in the indigenous past of Mexico and began learning Nahuatl following his dismissal from the Jesuits in 1668. He collected books and other materials related to indigenous culture. At the Hospital de Amor de Dioas Sigüenza became a close friend of Don Juan, the son of indigenous nobleman Don Fernando <mask>va Ixtlilxochitl, (1587?-1650). Sigüenza helped Alva Ixtlilxochitl's on Don Juan de Alva with a lawsuit against Spaniards attempting to usurp his holdings near the great pyramids at San Juan Teotihuacan. Don Juan in gratitude for Sigüenza's aid, gifted him the manuscripts and codices of his historian father, Don Fernando Alva Ixtlilxochitl. This was a rich collection of documents of his royal ancestors and the kings of Texcoco.In 1668, <mask> began the study of Aztec history and Toltec writing. On the death of Alva Ixtlilxochitl in 1650, he inherited the collection of documents, and devoted the later years of his life to the continuous study of Mexican history. When <mask> made his will shortly before his death, he was very concerned about the fate of his library, since its "collection has cost me great pains and care, and a considerable sum of money." His

masks:
de la
de Al
Sigüenza
Sigüenza


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 original intention was to have his library transferred to European repositories, including the Vatican and the Escorial, and to library of the duke of Florence, but in the end he willed them to the College of San Pedro and San Pablo. He was particularly concerned about the native materials in his collection. For an account of what happened to these documents after the death of Sigüenza, see Lorenzo Boturini Bernaducci. The Virgin of Guadalupe

Sigüenza wrote Indian Spring whose full title in Spanish is Primavera indiana, poema sacrohistórico, idea de María Santíssima de Guadalupe (1662).The work contributed to the midseventeenth-century outpouring of writings on the Virgin of Guadalupe. <mask> wrote in praise of Guadalupe, especially her role in aiding creole patriotism. Among these documents was purported to be a "map" (codex) documenting the 1531 apparition of the <mask> as Our Lady of Guadalupe that Luis Becerra Tanco claimed to have seen in the introduction to his 1666 defense of the apparition tradition. Sigüenza writings on Guadalupe were not extensive, but he encouraged Becerra Tanco and <mask> Florencia to pursue the topic. Because of his association with these early documents, Sigüenza played a significant role in the development of the Guadalupe story. He was a devotee of the Virgin, and wrote Parnassian poems to her as early as 1662. But his most lasting impact on the history of the apparition was his assertion that the Nican mopohua, the Nahuatl-language rendition of the narrative, was written by Antonio Valeriano, a conception that persists to this day.He further

masks:
Sigüenza
Virgin Mary
Francisco de


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 identified Fernando Alva <mask> as the author of the Nican motecpana. This declaration was stimulated by <mask> Florencia's Polestar of Mexico, which claimed that the original Nahuatl account had been written by Franciscan Fray Jerónimo <mask>. Creole patriotism and the triumphal arch to welcome the viceroy in 1680

In 1680, he was commissioned to design a triumphal arch for the arrival of the new Viceroy, Cerda <mask>. Sor Juana Inés <mask> Cruz was commissioned to design the only other one, which were erected in the Plaza de Santo Domingo, near the main square or Zócalo. No image of the triumphal arches is known to be extant, but both Sigüenza and Sor Juana wrote descriptions of the works. <mask>'s work was entitled Theater of Political Virtues That Constitute a Ruler, Observed in the Ancient Monarchs of the Mexican Empire, Whose Effigies Adorn the Arch Erected by the Very Noble Imperial City of Mexico. Sigüenza's title was meant to convey to the new viceroy that his tenure in office was in a long line of Mexican monarchs.On the arch were images of all twelve Aztec rulers, "each taken to embody different political virtues. Also represented was the god Huitzilopochtli, whom Sigüenza claimed was not a deity but a "chieftain and leader of Mexicans in the voyage that by his command was undertaken in search of the provinces of Anahuac." Sigüenza's gigantic wooden arch (90 feet high, fifty feet wide) was a manifestation of creole patriotism that embraced the florescence of the Aztecs as a source of their own pride in their patria. He hoped that "on some occasion the Mexican

masks:
de Ixtlilxochitl
Francisco de
de Menta
y Aragón
de la
Sigüenza


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 monarchs might be reborn from the ashes to which oblivion had consigned them, so that, like Western phoenixes, they may be immortalized by fame" and be recognized as having "heroic ... imperial virtues." Sigüenza praised the arch that Sor Juana had designed, but hers took the theme of Neptune in fable and did not manifest any explicit theme "contribut[ing] to the growth of creole patriotism." Ideas about the ancient Mexicans

Sigüenza's ideas about the ancient Mexicans were informed by the hugely valuable manuscripts from Alva Ixtlilxochitl, but he also developed ideas of his own about the origin of the Mexicans. He was one of the first persons, during Spanish rule, to dig around the Pyramid of the Sun at Teotihuacan.He took Italian traveler Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri to that ancient site. <mask>'s ideas about the origins of the ancient Mexicans were influenced by German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher, who saw ancient Egypt as the source of all natural wisdom. <mask> embraced Kircher's ideas and in the publication accompanying his triumphal arch for the arrival of the new viceroy, Theater of Political Virtues That Constitute a Ruler, "he boldly pronounced that the Mexican Indians were the descendants of the Naphtuhim, the son of Misraim, founder and ruler of Egypt," and further asserted that Naphtuhim was a variation on the name Neptune, the ruler of Atlantis, populated by Egyptian colonists. In advocating an Egyptian origin for the ancient Mexicans, he rejects Franciscan fray <mask> Torquemada's dismissal of that theory. <mask>, also as opposed to Torquemada, believed that

masks:
Sigüenza
Sigüenza
Juan de
Sigüenza


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 St Thomas the Apostle evangelized Mexico and identified him with Quetzalcoatl. He gave notice that a pamphlet entitled Phoenix of the West. St Thomas found with the name of Quetzalcoatl would be published, but whether he wrote it or not is unclear, since many of Sigüenza's works remain in title only.1692 Mexico City riot

Considering the small proportion of the Spanish population in Mexico as opposed to the Indian and mixed-race casta populations and that the fact that there had been few challenges to Spanish rule since the early sixteenth-century conquest, likely meant the huge riot on June 8, 1692 was a shock to Spaniards. A mob of Indians and castas partially destroyed the viceregal palace and the building of the city council (cabildo or ayuntamiento). Painter Cristóbal <mask>'s 1696 painting of the Zócalo still shows the damage to the viceregal palace from the mob's attempt to burn it down. Sigüenza wrote a lengthy "racy, vivid account of the riot...he also offered a fascinating profile of his own reactions to the dramatic events." It is a major source for the Spanish version of events, published as "Letter of <mask> <mask> y Góngora to Admiral Pez Recounting the incidents of the Corn Riot in Mexico City, June 8, 1692." In 1692, there was a severe drought in New Spain and a disease attacking wheat, called in Nahuatl "chiahuiztli". The crown sought sources of corn outside the general sourcing area for the capital, but the price of corn rose significantly.This caused a severe shortage of food for the poor. Tensions rose significantly in the capital, and came to a flashpoint

masks:
de Villalpando
Don Carlos
de Sigüza


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 when neither the viceroy nor the archbishop, to whom the crowd of petitioners appealed as legitimate authorities, would meet directly with them. Following the failed attempt to get any official audience or promise of aid, the crowd began throwing stones and set fire to the major buildings around the capital's principal square. Sigüenza saved most of the documents and some paintings in the archives, at the risk of his own life. This act preserved a considerable number of colonial Mexican documents that would otherwise have been lost. Scholars have noted the importance of the 1692 riot in Mexican history. Later career and death
In 1693, he (along with Admiral <mask> Pez <mask>), set sail from Veracruz, Mexico and discovered the East Bay River of Florida and the land where the city of Navarre is now located.In 1694, he retired from the University. His final years were marked by even more financial and personal troubles. He became ill, with what physicians identified as either gallstones or kidney stones and he was in considerable pain. His patron the Archbishop Aguiar <mask> died and Sigüenza lost his lucrative post of Chief Almoner. He also lost the position of University Accountant. The death of his patron the Archbishop was clustered with the death of Sigüenza's father and favorite brother. His dear friend Sor Juana Inés <mask> Cruz died and he delivered the eulogy at her funeral.In November 1699, <mask> was named corregidor general (book examiner) for the Inquisition, a position that paid little and which took up considerable time vetting books for possible heresy. As his

masks:
Andrés de
y Malzarraga
y Seijas
de la
Sigüenza


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 health deteriorated in these circumstances, <mask> prepared for the eventuality of his death, which came in 1700. A scientist to the end, he requested that his body be autopsied, so that physicians could determine what had afflicted him. He explicitly laid out the reasons and concerned that this radical step might be opposed on religious or other grounds by his relatives, he said "I ask in God's name that this [autopsy] be done for the common good, and I command my heir not to interfere, for it matters little that this be done to a body which, within a few days, must be corruption and decay." The autopsy revealed a kidney stone the size of a peach. Sigüenza left his library and scientific instruments to the Jesuit Colegio Máximo de San Pedro y San Pablo in Mexico City. He was buried at the chapel of this Colegio, which could point to his having been reconciled with the Order.He also left a number of unpublished manuscripts, only fragments of which survived the expulsion of the Society of Jesus from the viceroyalty in 1767. Works

Oriental planeta evangélica, epopeya sacropanegyrica al apostol grande de las Indias S. Francisco Xavier (1662). Primavera indiana, poema sacrohistórico, idea de María Santíssima de Guadalupe (1662). Glorias de Querétaro (1680) (poem)
Teatro de virtudes políticas que constituyen a un Príncipe (1680). [Theater of Political Virtues That Constitute a Ruler, Observed in the Ancient Monarchs of the Mexican Empire, Whose Effigies Adorn the Arch Erected by the Very Noble Imperial City of Mexico]
Glorias de Querétaro en la Nueva Congregación Eclesiástica de


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 María Santíssima de Guadalupe... y el sumptuoso templo (1680). Libra astronomica y filosofica (1681). Manifiesto philosóphico contra los cometas despojados del imperio que tenían sobre los tímidos (1681).Triunfo parthénico que en glorias de María Santíssima... celebró la... Academia Mexicana (1683). Parayso Occidental, plantado y cultivado en su magnífico Real Convento de Jesüs María de México (1684). Piedad heróica de Don Hernando Cortés, Marqués del Valle (1689). Infortunios que Alonso Ramírez natural de la ciudad de S. Juan de Puerto Rico padeció... en poder de ingleses piratas (1690). Libra astronómica y philosóphica en que...examina... lo que a [Sigüenza's] Manifiesto... contra los Cometas... opuso el R.P. Eusebio Francisco Kino (1691).Relación de lo sucedido a la armada de Barloventoen la isla de Santo Domingo con la quelna del Guarico (1691). Trofeo de la justicia española en el castigo de la alevosía francesa (1691). Letter of <mask> <mask> y Góngora to Admiral Pez Recounting the incidents of the Corn Riot in Mexico City, June 8, 1692 (1692)
Descripción del seno de Santa María de Galve, alias Panzacola, de la Mobila y del Río Mississippi (1693). Mercurio volante con la noticia de la recuperacion de las provincias de Nuevo Mexico (1693)
Elogio fúnebre de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1695). See also
List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics

Further reading

Brading, D.A. The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State, 1492–1867. New York, Cambridge University Press 1991.In Spanish
 12,000 Minibiografías. Panama City: Editorial América,

masks:
Don Carlos
de Sigüza


title: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora

texts:
 1991. García Puron, Manuel, Mexico y sus gobernantes, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984. <mask> Sigüenza <mask>óngora, Historias del Seno Mexicano, José Francisco Buscaglia Salgado, ed., intro. Havana: Casa de las Américas, 2009. <mask> Sigüenza <mask>, Infortunios de Alonso Ramírez: Edición crítica de José F. Buscaglia, José F. Buscaglia Salgado, ed., intro., Madrid: Polifemo/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2011.Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes de México. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, . Peraza-<mask>, A. Margarita, Llámenme el mexicano: los almanaques y otras obras de <mask> de Sigüenza y Góngora. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2013. Currents in Comparative Romance Languages and Literatures Series. Vol. 215.Solchaga Zamudio, Noé and Solchaga Peña, Luisa A., Efemérides Mexicanas, v. 1. Mexico City: Editorial Avante, 1992. External links

 A chronology of his life
 El Mercurio Volante, An Electronic Edition (in English)
 Carlos Sigüenza y Góngora in Polymath Virtual Library of Ignacio Larramendi Foundation

References

People of New Spain
1645 births
1700 deaths
Mexican cartographers
Mexican historians
Historians of Mexico
Mexican philosophers
17th-century Mexican people
Mexican scientists
Mexican male poets
Mexican male writers
Historians of Mesoamerica
Mexican Mesoamericanists
Novohispanic Mesoamericanists
17th-century Mesoamericanists
17th-century historians
Aztec scholars
National Autonomous University of Mexico faculty
Catholic clergy scientists
People from Mexico City
17th-century cartographers
17th-century Mexican

masks:
Carlos de
y G
Carlos de
y Góngora
Rley
Carlos


title: Anna Stiegler

texts:
<mask> (born  <mask>d: 21 April 1881 – 23 June 1963) was a German politician (SPD). She is remembered, in particular, for her contributions on women's issues and social policy more generally. During the Nazi years she was involved in what came to be termed "antifascist resistance", spending much of the period in prison. She was married twice, and may be identified in sources, using her first married name, as <mask>. Life

Family provenance and early years
<mask> was born in Penzlin, a small town in the flat marshy countryside to the west of Stettin. Her father was a farm worker. Training to become a teacher was, for financial reasons, not possible, and on leaving school she therefore took a series of jobs in domestic service and as a children's nanny.Her work drew her to the cities, and during this time she lived successively in Schwerin, Hamburg and Blumenthal, at that time a separate municipality directly to the west of the Bremen city limits. Here she met the master tailor, Konrad Voigt. Their daughter, <mask> Sophie Wilhelmine Vogt, was born in 1902. They set up home together in Blumenthal and married one another in 1903. At their home they took out a subscription to the  ("Bremen Citizens' Newspaper"), a regional Social Democrat newspaper which combined with her husband's political commitment to awaken her own political interest. She read with growing attention about preparations being made for the SPD national party conference which in 1904 was to be held in Bremen at the Casino Hall at the harbour. She was able to attend the party conference and listened enthralled to speeches by party stalwarts including August Bebel and Paul Singer.She later described the event as the key experience in her political life. The day before the main party conference, she had probably been present at the same location where the third SPD women's conference had been held, at which Clara Zetkin had spoken on the need for reform of public schooling. It was still three years before the lifting of the ban on female participation in politics, but in 1905 she nevertheless began to involve herself in the

masks:
Anna Stiegler
Anna Behren
Anna Vogt
Anna Sophie Marie Auguste Behrend
Anna Marie


title: Anna Stiegler

texts:
 unofficial SPD women's group that had been set up in Blumenthal. Tragically, 1905 was also the year in which the Vogt's infant daughter died. In 1908 the ban on female participation was lifted and <mask> joined the Social Democrats in March. Two months later she was deputy party secretary for the Neu-Rönnebeck district - today north Bremen. Her political involvement intensified.She became secretary ("Schriftführerin") of the women's group in the local Blumenthal party and later, after moving into the city itself, in Bremen where she also worked in the party library. It was shortly after this that she met  Carl Friedrich <mask>, a print worker, and ten years her junior. Her first marriage ended in divorce and in 1912 she and <mask> started living together. They married in 1916. <mask>, like her first husband, was a committed Social Democrat. However, the First World War produced internal ructions that tested party unity beyond breaking point. War and its aftermath
The 1914 decision by the party leadership to declare what amounted to a parliamentary truce on the issue of funding for the war gave rise to dissent on the part of party activists from the outset, which only intensified in the face of austerity and destitution at home and the industrialised slaughter of men on the front lines.In 1917 the party finally split apart:  <mask> was part of the anti-war faction that broke away to become the Independent Social Democratic Party ("Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / USPD). The end of the war in 1918 was followed by a series of revolutions in many parts of Germany and by 1919 the country's political structures had become very much more democratic than hitherto. In Bremen <mask>, as a USPD represented, was elected to the eighteen person commission mandated to produce a new constitution for the regional parliament ("Bremische Bürgerschaft"), and she sat as an elected member of the resulting assembly - one of the first women to do so - from 1919 till 1933, focusing especially on social and education issues. From the outset she was also a member of the parliamentary

masks:
Anna Vogt
Stiegler
Stiegler
Stiegler
Anna Stiegler
Anna Stiegler


title: Anna Stiegler

texts:
 executive. One of her worst days in the Bremen parliament came in 1932 when, as the assembly's longest serving member, she found herself obliged to follow the rules and accept the election of a National Socialist president of the chamber. Meanwhile, in the early 1920s the  USPD itself had splintered, with a majority of its members joining the recently launched Communist Party of Germany. Others, including <mask>, in 1922 resumed their membership of the mainstream SPD   She would remain a lifelong pacifist, however.Nazi years:  more war
The change of government in January 1933 led to a rapid change in the political backdrop. The new government lost little time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Responding to government pressure, the regional parliament ("Bremische Bürgerschaft") dissolved itself in March 1933. Four months later the SPD itself was formally outlawed, having already experienced several months of increasingly determined official harassment. With other Social Democrats, <mask> continued to be politically active, concentrating on practical support for the families of politicians who had been arrested. She also continued to organise meetings which might have been construed either as harmless women's social gatherings or else as political meetings of women unsympathetic to the government. More than one source also refers to her having printed and distributed leaflets setting out opposition to the government.In November 1934, on the basis of information provided to the Gestapo by an informer, she and her husband were among 150 government opponents caught up in a mass arrest in the Bremen area. In 1935 she faced trial and was convicted under the usual charge of "preparing to commit High Treason" ("Vorbereitung zum Hochverrat"). Sources differ over the duration of the prison sentence that she received, but in any event, she remained in detention for between ten and eleven of the twelve Nazi years. Steigler was consigned to the Women's Prison in Lübeck where fellow inmates, convicted on the same charge as she, included Hermine Berthold and the Bremen communist

masks:
Anna Stiegler
Anna Stiegler