title: Chester A. Arthur

texts:
 the Republican party was prepared to give him their full support: the Half-Breeds were again solidly behind Blaine, while Stalwarts were undecided; some backed <mask>, with others considering Senator John A. Logan of Illinois.Reform-minded Republicans, friendlier to <mask> after he endorsed civil service reform, were still not certain enough of his reform credentials to back him over Senator George F. Edmunds of Vermont, who had long favored their cause. Business leaders supported him, as did Southern Republicans who owed their jobs to his control of the patronage, but by the time they began to rally around him, <mask> had decided against a serious campaign for the nomination. He kept up a token effort, believing that to drop out would cast doubt on his actions in office and raise questions about his health, but by the time the convention began in June, his defeat was assured. Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. <mask> telegraphed his congratulations to Blaine and accepted his defeat with equanimity. He played no role in the 1884 campaign, which Blaine would later blame for his loss that November to the Democratic nominee, Grover Cleveland. Administration and cabinet

Judicial appointments

<mask> made appointments to fill two vacancies on the United States Supreme Court.The first vacancy arose in July 1881 with the death of Associate Justice Nathan Clifford, a Democrat who had been a member of the Court since before the Civil War. <mask> nominated Horace Gray, a distinguished jurist from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court to replace him, and the nomination was easily confirmed. Gray would serve on the Court for over 20 years until resigning in 1902. The


title: Chester A. Arthur

type: original

texts:
 second vacancy occurred when Associate Justice Ward Hunt retired in January 1882. <mask> first nominated his old political boss, Roscoe Conkling; he doubted that Conkling would accept, but felt obligated to offer a high office to his former patron. The Senate confirmed the nomination but, as expected, Conkling declined it, the last time a confirmed nominee declined an appointment. Senator George Edmunds was <mask>'s next choice, but he declined to be considered.Instead, <mask> nominated Samuel Blatchford, who had been a judge on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals for the prior four years. Blatchford accepted, and his nomination was approved by the Senate within two weeks. Blatchford served on the Court until his death in 1893. Post-presidency (1885–1886)

<mask> left office in 1885 and returned to his New York City home. Two months before the end of his term, several New York Stalwarts approached him to request that he run for United States Senate, but he declined, preferring to return to his old law practice at Arthur, Knevals & Ransom. His health limited his activity with the firm, and <mask> served only of counsel. He took on few assignments with the firm and was often too ill to leave his house.He managed a few public appearances until the end of 1885. After spending the summer of 1886 in New London, Connecticut, he returned home where he became seriously ill, and on November 16, ordered nearly all of his papers, both personal and official, burned. The next morning, <mask> suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and never regained consciousness. He died the following day, November 18, at the age of 57. On November 22, a private funeral was held at the Church of the Heavenly Rest in New York City, attended

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title: Chester A. Arthur

texts:
 by President Cleveland and ex-President Hayes, among other notables. <mask> was buried with his family members and ancestors in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York. He was laid beside his wife in a sarcophagus on a large corner of the plot.In 1889, a monument was placed on <mask>'s burial plot by sculptor Ephraim Keyser of New York, consisting of a giant bronze female angel figure placing a bronze palm leaf on a granite sarcophagus. <mask>'s post-presidency was the second shortest of all presidents who lived past their presidency, after James K. Polk's brief three-month retirement before he died. Legacy
Several Grand Army of the Republic posts were named for <mask>, including Goff, Kansas, Lawrence, Nebraska, Medford, Oregon, and Ogdensburg, Wisconsin. On April 5, 1882, <mask> was elected to the District of Columbia Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS) as a Third Class Companion (insignia number 02430), the honorary membership category for militia officers and civilians who made significant contributions to the war effort. Union College awarded <mask> the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1883. In 1898, the <mask> memorial statue—a , bronze figure of <mask> standing on a Barre Granite pedestal—was created by sculptor George Edwin Bissell and installed at Madison Square, in New York City.The statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by <mask>'s sister, <mask> McElroy. At the dedication, Secretary of War Elihu Root described <mask> as, "...wise in statesmanship and firm and effective in administration," while acknowledging that <mask> was isolated in office and unloved by his own party. <mask>'s unpopularity in life carried over into his assessment by

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title: Chester A. Arthur

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 historians and his reputation after leaving office disappeared. By 1935, historian George F. Howe said that <mask> had achieved "an obscurity in strange contrast to his significant part in American history." By 1975, however, Thomas C. Reeves would write that <mask>'s "appointments, if unspectacular, were unusually sound; the corruption and scandal that dominated business and politics of the period did not tarnish his administration." As 2004 biographer Zachary Karabell wrote, although <mask> was "physically stretched and emotionally strained, he strove to do what was right for the country." Indeed, Howe had earlier surmised, "<mask> adopted [a code] for his own political behavior but subject to three restraints: he remained to everyone a man of his word; he kept scrupulously free from corrupt graft; he maintained a personal dignity, affable and genial though he might be.These restraints ... distinguished him sharply from the stereotype politician." <mask>'s townhouse, the Chester A. Arthur Home was sold to William Randolph Hearst. Since 1944 it has been the location of Kalustyan's Spice Emporium. See also

 List of presidents of the United States
 List of presidents of the United States by previous experience
 <mask>, ancestral home, Cullybackey, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
 Julia Sand

Notes

References

Further reading

Books

 Rhodes, James

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Arthur Cottage


title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

texts:
<mask> (; born ; 2 February 1940) was a Russian and Soviet theatre director, actor and theatrical producer. His provocative experiments dealing with physical being and symbolism in an unconventional theatre setting made him one of the seminal forces in modern international theatre. During the Great Purge, <mask> was arrested and tortured, and then executed the next day, 2 February 1940. Life and work

Early life

<mask> was born Karl Kasimir Theodor Meierhold in Penza on 28 January o.s. (9 February n.s.) 1874 to Russian-German wine manufacturer Friedrich Emil Meierhold and his Russian-Dutch wife, Elisabeth Alvina Luitgard (née van der Neese). He was the youngest of eight children.After completing school in 1895, Meierhold studied law at Moscow University but never completed his degree. He was torn between studying theatre or a career as a violinist. However, he failed his audition to become the second violinist in the University orchestra and in 1896 joined the Moscow Philharmonic Dramatic School. On his 21st birthday, he converted from Lutheranism to Orthodox Christianity and accepted "Vsevolod" as an Orthodox Christian name (after the Russian writer Vsevolod Garshin, whose prose <mask> loved). Early career
<mask> began acting in 1896 as a student of the Moscow Philharmonic Dramatic School under the guidance of Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, co-founder with Konstantin Stanislavsky of the Moscow Art Theatre. At the MAT, <mask> played 18 roles, such as Vasiliy Shuiskiy in Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich and Ivan the Terrible in The Death of Ivan the Terrible (both by Aleksey Tolstoy). In 1898, in the first successful production of Chekhov's first

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Vsevolod Emilyevich Meyerhold
Meyerhold
Vsevolod Meyerhold
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title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

texts:
 play, The Seagull, <mask> played the lead male role, opposite Chekhov's future wife, Olga Knipper.After leaving the MAT in 1902, wanting to break free of the highly naturalistic 'missing fourth wall' productions of Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko, <mask> participated in a number of theatrical projects, as both a director and actor. Each project was an arena for experiment and creation of new staging methods. <mask> was one of the most fervent advocates of Symbolism in theatre, especially when he worked as the chief producer of the Vera Komissarzhevskaya theatre in 1906–1907. He was invited back to the MAT around this time to pursue his experimental ideas. <mask> continued theatrical innovation during the decade 1907–1917, while working with the imperial theatres in St. Petersburg. He introduced classical plays in an innovative manner, and staged works of controversial contemporary authors like Fyodor Sologub, Zinaida Gippius, and Alexander Blok. In these plays, <mask> tried to return acting to the traditions of Commedia dell'arte, rethinking them for the contemporary theatrical reality.His theoretical concepts of the "conditional theatre" were elaborated in his book On Theatre in 1913. Career under communism
On the day when the February Revolution broke out – on 25 February, under the old style calendar then used in Russia – <mask>'s production of Masquerade by Mikhail Lermontov had a dress rehearsal at the Alexandrinsky Theatre, in front of an audience that included the poet Anna Akhmatova. That evening has been described as "the last act of the tragedy of the old regime, when the Petersburg elite went to enjoy themselves at this

masks: Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold


title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

texts: splendidly luxurious production in the midst of the chaos and confusion.". Sergei Eisenstein, who was then a teenager but would later be a world-renowned film director, desperately wanted to see the production, having heard that it featured clowns, but having made his way across the city that was in the throes of a revolution was disappointed to discover that the Alexandrinsky was closed. <mask> was one of the first prominent Russian artists to welcome the Bolshevik Revolution – and one of only five out of 120 who accepted an invitation to meet the new People's Commissar for Enlightenment, Anatoly Lunacharsky in November 1917. (Among the others were the poets Alexander Blok and Vladimir Mayakovsky.) He joined the Bolshevik Party in 1918, narrowly escaping execution when he was caught on the wrong side of the battle lines during the civil war.He became an official of the Theatre Division (TEO) of the Commissariat of Education and Enlightenment. In 1918–1919, <mask> formed an alliance with Olga Kameneva, the head of the Division. Together, they tried to radicalize Russian theatres, effectively nationalizing them under Bolshevik control. <mask> came down with tuberculosis in May 1919 and had to leave for the south. In his absence, the head of the Commissariat, Anatoly Lunacharsky, secured Vladimir Lenin's permission to revise government policy in favor of more traditional theatres and dismissed Kameneva in June 1919. After returning to Moscow, <mask> founded his own theatre in 1920, which was known from 1923 as the Meyerhold Theatre until 1938. <mask> confronted the principles of theatrical academism, claiming that they are incapable of

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title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

texts:
 finding a common language with the new reality.<mask>'s methods of scenic constructivism and circus-style effects were used in his most successful works of the time. Some of these works included Nikolai Erdman's The Mandate, Mayakovsky's Mystery-Bouffe, Fernand Crommelynck's Le Cocu magnifique (The Magnanimous Cuckold) and Aleksandr Sukhovo-Kobylin's Tarelkin's Death. Mayakovsky collaborated with <mask> several times, and was said to have written The Bedbug especially for him; <mask> continued to stage Mayakovsky's productions even after the latter's suicide. Acting techniques
The actors participating in <mask>'s productions acted according to the principle of biomechanics (only distantly related to the present scientific use of the term), the system of actor training that was later taught in a special school created by <mask>. <mask>'s acting technique had fundamental principles at odds with the American method actor's conception. While method acting melded the character with the actor's own personal memories to create the character's internal motivation, <mask> connected psychological and physiological processes. He had actors focus on learning gestures and movements as a way of expressing emotion physically.Following Konstantin Stanislavski's lead, he said that the emotional state of an actor was inextricably linked to his physical state (and vice versa), and that one could call up emotions in performance by practicing and assuming poses, gestures, and movements. He developed a number of body expressions that his actors would use to portray specific emotions and characters. (Stanislavski was also at odds with Method acting, because

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title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

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 like <mask>, his approach was psychophysical.) His influence
<mask> gave initial boosts to the stage careers of some of the most distinguished comic actors of the USSR, including Sergey Martinson, Igor Ilyinsky and Erast Garin. His landmark production of Nikolai Gogol's The Government Inspector (1926) was described as the following:

Energetic, mischievous, charming Ilyinsky left his post to the nervous, fragile, suddenly freezing, grotesquely anxious Garin. Energy was replaced by trance, the dynamic with the static, happy jesting humour with bitter and glum satire. <mask> also gave a start to his one time assistant of "The Queen of Spades" Matvey Dubrovin, who later created his own theater in Leningrad.In autumn 1921, <mask> was appointed head of the State Higher Theatre Workshops, in Moscow, where one of his first students was Sergei Eisenstein, who later wrote

The God-like, incomparable <mask>, I beheld him then for the first time and I was to worship him all my life. But they fell out, apparently because Eisenstein failed to treat the older man with sufficient deference, for which he was, as he put it, "expelled from the Gates of Heaven." In his films, Eisenstein used actors who worked in <mask>'s tradition. He also cast actors based on what they looked like and their expression, and followed <mask>'s stylized acting methods. In Strike, for instance, the bourgeois are always obese, drinking, eating, and smoking, whereas the workers are more athletic. For the original production of The Bedbug, in February 1929, <mask> hired the young Dmitri Shostakovich as a pianist. Many years later, Shostakovich reputedly recalled: "It's

masks: Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold


title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

texts:
 impossible to imagine now how popular <mask> was.Everyone knew him, even those who had no interest or connection with the theatre or art. In the circus, clowns always made jokes about Meyerhold. They go for instant laughs in the circus, and they wouldn't sing ditties about people the audience wouldn't recognise immediately. They even used to sell combs called Meyerhold." Repression
In the early 1930s, Joseph Stalin launched a campaign to bring Soviet artists to heel, and compel them all to observe the rules of 'socialist realism', which precluded avant-garde art and experimentation, and any art form reckoned to be 'formalist', in that the artist had paid more attention to the form of a work than to its political message. After Shostakovich had been singled out as being guilty of 'formalism', in January 1936, <mask> evidently surmised that he would soon be a target, and in March delivered a talk entitled "Meyer Against Meyerholdism" in which he said – reportedly to 'thunderous applause' – that "the path to simplicity is not an easy one. Each artist goes at his own pace, and they must not lose their distinctive way of walking...Soviet subject matter is often a smoke screen to conceal mediocrity."A year later, in April 1937, his wife, the actress Zinaida Raikh, wrote Stalin a long letter alleging that her husband was the victim of a conspiracy by Trotskyists and former members of the disbanded Russian Association of Proletarian Writers. The letter was not answered. In December 1937, Stalin's crony, Lazar Kaganovich went to a production at the Meyerhold Theatre, and walked out in disgust. The theatre was closed, by order of the Politburo,

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title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

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 on 7 January 1938, on the grounds that 'throughout its entire existence, the Meyerhold Theatre has been unable to free itself from thoroughly bourgeois Formalist positions', his works were proclaimed antagonistic and alien to the Soviet people. Arrest and death

The ailing Stanislavsky, who was the director of an opera theatre now known as Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko Music Theatre, invited <mask> to be his assistant – an invitation that surprised many in Moscow, given their long standing artistic differences. Stanislavsky died soon afterwards, in August 1938. His dying wish was "Take care of <mask>; he is my sole heir in the theatre – here or anywhere else."<mask> directed his theatre for nearly a year, and was engaged with producing the premiere of Sergei Prokofiev's Semyon Kotko, when he was instructed that he was to choreograph a spectacle in Leningrad, involving 30,000 athletes. On 17 June 1939, he addressed a conference of theatre directors, in the presence of Andrey Vyshinsky, the state prosecutor who had presided over the infamous Moscow show trials. His speech was not reported in the Soviet press, giving rise to a report that he had declared, defiantly:

If what you have been doing with the Soviet theatre recently is what you call anti-formalism, if you consider what is now taking place on the stages of the best theatres in Moscow as an achievement of the Soviet theatre, then I would prefer to be what you consider a formalist... in hunting formalism, you have eliminated art. This is from a version of the speech written up later by the emigre musician Yuri Yelagin, from notes he said that he made at the conference – but

masks: Meyerhold Meyerhold Meyerhold


title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

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 its accuracy is disputed. After the speech, he returned to Leningrad, and was arrested on arrival, on 20 June 1939. Shortly afterwards, intruders broke into his flat and repeatedly stabbed his wife, Zinaida Reich, who died from her injuries. Taken to NKVD headquarters in Moscow, and placed in the hands of the notorious torturer, Lev Shvartzman, <mask> broke down and confessed to being a British and Japanese spy.In his final days, he wrote a letter to the head of the Soviet government Vyacheslav Molotov, which was retained in police files, where it was discovered after the dissolution of the USSR by the journalist Vitaly Shentalinsky. In it, he wrote:

He was sentenced to death by firing squad on 1 February 1940, and executed the next day. The Soviet Supreme Court cleared him of all charges in 1955, during the first wave of de-Stalinization. Marriage and family
<mask> married his first wife, Olga Munt, in 1896 and together they had three daughters. He later met the actress Zinaida Reich when she began studying with him. They fell in love and he divorced his wife; Reich was already divorced and had two children of her own. They married in 1922 or 1924.Bibliography
In English:

Texts by <mask>
 <mask> on Theatre,  trans. and ed. by Edward Braun, with a critical commentary, 1969. London: Methuen and New York: Hill and Wang. <mask> Speaks/Meyerhold Rehearses (Russian Theatre Archive), by V<mask>, Alexander Gladkov (ed.) and Alma Law (ed. ), Routledge, 1996
 <mask> at Work, Paul Schmidt (ed.), Applause Theatre Book Publishers, 1996

Works on Meyerhold
 Vsevolod <mask> (Routledge Performance Practitioners Series), by Jonathan Pitches,

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title: Vsevolod Meyerhold

texts:
 Routledge, 2003
 Meyerhold: The art of conscious theater, by Marjorie L Hoover, University of Massachusetts Press, 1974 (biography)
 Vsevolod <mask> (Directors in Perspective Series), by Robert Leach, Christopher Innes (ed. ), Cambridge University Press, 1993
 <mask>'s Theatre of the Grotesque: Post-revolutionary Productions, 1920–32, James M. Symons, 1971
 Meyerhold: A Revolution in Theatre, by Edward Braun, University of Iowa Press, 1998
 The Theatre of Meyerhold: Revolution and the Modern Stage by Edward Braun, 1995
 Stanislavsky and Meyerhold (Stage and Screen Studies, v. 3), by Robert Leach, Peter Lang, 2003
 Meyerhold the Director, by Konstantin Rudnitsky, Ardis, 1981
 Meyerhold, Eisenstein and Biomechanics: Actor Training in Revolutionary Russia by Alma H. Law, Mel Gordon, McFarland & co, 1995
 The Death of Meyerhold A play by Mark Jackson, premiered at The Shotgun Players, Berkeley, CA, December 2003. The Theater of Meyerhold and Brecht, by Katherine B. Eaton, Greenwood Press,1985
 Meyerhold and the Music Theater, by Isaak Glikman, 'Soviet Composer', Leningrad, 1989
 Vsevolod Meyerhold Annotated Bibliography, by David Roy, LTScotland, 2002
 Stanislavsky in Practice: Actor Training in Post-Soviet Russia (Artists & Issues in the Theatre,


title: Sir Isaac Coffin, 1st Baronet

texts:
Admiral <mask>, 1st Baronet  (16 May 1759 – 23 July 1839) was an officer of the Royal Navy who served during the American War of Independence and the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. Coffin was born in Boston and served in the navy on a number of ships during the War of Independence. He fought at Cape Henry with Arbuthnot and at St. Kitts with Hood, eventually being promoted to command a number of small ships on the American coast. Despite his rise through the ranks, he clashed occasionally with the naval hierarchy, with the first incident occurring while still a newly commissioned commander aboard . An incident over unqualified lieutenants led to his court-martial, though he was acquitted. A more serious incident occurred after the end of the war with America, when Coffin was particularly active off the Canadian coast. A charge was brought of issuing false musters, and though the practice was endemic in the navy, led to his dismissal from the ship.The First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord Howe, then intervened to have him dismissed from the navy entirely, a decision that was later overturned by an inquiry, which set an important precedent. Restored to his rank, Coffin commanded several ships during the opening years of the wars with France, but the recurrence of an old injury forced him to move ashore. He spent the rest of the war commanding a number of dockyards, continuing to rise through the ranks, and being created a baronet for his good service. Retiring from active naval service towards the end of the Napoleonic Wars Coffin briefly changed his surname to Coffin-Greenly before reverting it, entered politics, and died with the rank of admiral in 1839. Family and early life
<mask> was born in Boston, Massachusetts on 16 May 1759, into what would prove to be a strong loyalist family. He was the fourth and youngest son of the paymaster of the customs in the port, Nathaniel Coffin. His father descended from Tristram Coffin, who immigrated to Massachusetts

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title: Sir Isaac Coffin, 1st Baronet

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 influenced by his own experiences with Admiralty law and the rigid hierarchy within the navy, but managed to undermine the efficiency of the dockyards with his overzealous application of the regulations. He was heavily criticised at a local level, but retained Jervis's confidence, and was promoted to rear-admiral on 23 April 1804. He so upset the dock workers that a threatening letter was sent after he ordered a worker to be pressed into the navy for insolence, eventually forcing him to reverse his decision. His reputation as an effective and energetic commissioner earned him the honour of being created a baronet "of the Magdelaine Islands in the Gulph of St. Lawrence, British North America" on 19 May that year, which was followed by being created admiral-superintendent at Portsmouth Dockyard. He remained at Portsmouth until being promoted to vice-admiral on 28 April 1808, at which point he retired. Family and later life

Coffin started a family during his retirement, marrying Elizabeth Browne Greenly at Titley on 3 April 1811.Elizabeth was the heiress of William Greenly, and <mask> briefly changed his surname to Coffin-Greenly on 11 February 1811, but reverted to Coffin on 13 March 1813. He was advanced to full admiral on 4 June 1814 and entered politics, being elected as Member of Parliament for Ilchester in 1818, and holding the seat until 1826. Greville recorded the result of one Parliamentary debate soon after his election:
The Opposition were very angry with Sir I.Coffin, who, with the candour of a novice, had made himself informed of the facts of the petition, and finding they were against his friends, said so in the House. Coffin was created a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order in 1832. He was a personal friend of Lord Nelson, at whose 1805 funeral he was a pallbearer. He was also a friend of the Duke of Clarence (later William IV), and during the 1832 reform crisis was placed on the King's private list of those to be made peers. However,


title: Sir Isaac Coffin, 1st Baronet

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 several Government ministers opposed his appointment on the grounds of his close association with his American relatives, and his name was dropped from the list.Coffin was a noted patron of charities, and a few weeks before his death donated a hundred pounds to the Royal Naval Charity, with the note that he did so 'fearful I might suddenly slip my wind, and in the hurry of my departure forget to order ... £100 to be set aside'. Elizabeth Coffin died on 27 January 1839, with Admiral Sir <mask> dying six months later on 23 July 1839, at the age of 80. He was buried at Cheltenham, Gloucestershire. As he had no sons, the baronetcy became extinct upon his death. Legacy
Coffin Bay and Greenly Island in South Australia were named in honor of Sir <mask> by the British explorer Matthew Flinders in 1802. The Coffin School on Nantucket, established with funds provided by Sir <mask>, was established in 1827. Known as the Admiral Sir <mask>ffin Lancasterian School, this educational institution was funded by Coffin for the purpose of "promoting decency, good order and morality, and for giving a good English education to youth".The school educated Nantucketers throughout the 19th century. The imposing Greek Revival building in which it was housed after 1854 (and which prominently bears Sir <mask>'s name) functioned for a variety of educational purposes throughout the twentieth century and is now used to provide services to Nantucket youth. Notes

References

  (reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2010. ) External links

1759 births
1839 deaths
Royal Navy admirals
American Loyalists from Massachusetts
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Royal Navy personnel of the American Revolutionary War
Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
People from colonial Boston
18th-century Royal Navy

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title: Charles Vance Millar

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<mask> (June 28, 1854 – October 31, 1926) was a Canadian lawyer and financier. He was the president and part-owner of the Toronto brewery of O'Keefe Brewery. He also owned racehorses, including the 1915 King's Plate–winning horse Tartarean. However, he is now best known for his unusual will which touched off the Great Stork Derby. Early years
<mask> was born in Aylmer, Ontario, the only child of farmers Simon and <mask>. <mask> attended the University of Toronto and graduated with an average of 98% in all his subjects. He chose to study law, passed the bar examination at Osgoode Hall in 1884 and opened up his own law office in Toronto.Business career

The BC Express Company and the Millar Addition
In 1897, Millar purchased the BC Express Company from Stephen Tingley and took over the government mail delivery contracts for the Cariboo region in British Columbia. When it was announced that the construction of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway would go through Fort George (later named Prince George) Millar expanded the company's services to Fort George and built two sternwheelers, the BX and the BC Express. <mask> also foresaw that Fort George would become a major centre in Northern British Columbia and he made arrangements to purchase the First Nations reserve at Fort George. However, the railway was already planning to purchase the property and they convinced the Department of Indian Affairs to cancel their negotiations with Millar. When Millar took the railway to court, the railway agreed to sell him  of the property, which became known as the Millar Addition. Horse racing
Millar owned racehorses, including  the 1915 King's Plate-winning horse Tartarean. At the time of his death, he owned seven horses, including Troutlet, which went on to win the 1927 King's Plate,

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title: Charles Vance Millar

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 under different ownership.By then the executors of his Millar estate had sold his horses including Troutlet. In the 1910s, <mask> had planned to build a racetrack in Kingston, Jamaica, where he holidayed, but abandoned the idea. In 1912, he had made arrangements with the builder of the Belmont Park racetrack, C. W. Leavitt to design the track. <mask> was an investor in Kenilworth Park Racetrack, built just outside Windsor, Ontario, in 1916. Death
<mask> died in his law office in the Crown Life Building at Yonge and Colborne Streets on October 31, 1926, of a stroke. He was discussing a case with <mask>, a law associate, when he collapsed. <mask> died before a doctor could arrive.<mask> was buried in the family plot in Aylmer. He had not married and had no descendants and his parents had both predeceased him. His funeral was held at his home on 75 Scarborough Road in the Beaches district of Toronto, attended by many other members of the legal profession. When his executors filed his will for probate, <mask>'s estate was estimated to be worth . His death coincided with the disappearance of several books of accounting of O'Keefe Brewery. At the time the government of Canada contended that O'Keefe was $175,000 in arrears on sales taxes. The claim had been made to O'Keefe earlier in October 1926.The Royal Customs Commission held an inquiry in March 1937 and evidence was given that Millar had sent for the books to be delivered to his office. However, a search of his office, home and the company did not turn up the books, according to his associate <mask>. O'Keefe was suspended from brewing "strong beer" during the dispute, until it provided the books to the commission. O'Keefe offered a reward for the return of the books and continued with its other activities. In May

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title: Charles Vance Millar

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 1927, O'Keefe appealed for a reinstatement of its licence. F. H. Phippen, the president of the company testified that Millar, the president of O'Keefe in October 1926, did not want to give up the books to the commission and proposed an injunction. Phippen was in favour of giving up the books to the commission.Phippen described <mask> as "a lawyer and an honourable man", and that he had only thought that Millar had put them away for safekeeping. Character
Though highly successful in the law and in his investments, Millar was known for his love of jokes and pranks which played on people's greed. One favourite was to leave money on a sidewalk and watch from a hiding place as passers-by furtively pocketed it. As a law student, <mask> was jilted once by a girl of a prominent family and never had a serious relationship again. <mask> was known to sleep on the veranda outside his house in all weather, to "keep himself hard". In life, he was never known to have given to any charity. The only club <mask> was a member of was the Royal Canadian Yacht Club.Abe Orpen, when informed about his mention in <mask>'s will, discussed his working relationship with Millar over many transactions. According to Orpen, the two always made verbal agreements, never on paper. Orpen distrusted Millar, who would always look for some loophole in a contract, though never broke his word. <mask>'s final prank was his will, which says in part:

The will had several unusual bequests:
Three men who were known to despise each other (T. P. Galt, KC; J. D. Montgomery and James Haverson, KC) were granted joint lifetime tenancy in Millar's vacation home in Jamaica, on condition that they live in the property together. To each practicing Protestant minister in Toronto, and every Orange Lodge in Toronto, a

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Will Millar


title: Charles Vance Millar

texts:
 share of O'Keefe Brewery stock, a Catholic business, if they participated in its management and drew on its dividends. Two anti-horse-racing advocates (Hon. William Raney, Reverend Samuel Chown) and a man who detested the Ontario Jockey Club (Abe Orpen) were to receive a share of Ontario Jockey Club stock, provided they are shareholders in three years.Raney's and Chown's share were eventually given to charity and Orpen accepted his share. Each duly ordained Christian minister in Walkerville, Sandwich, and Windsor, "except Spracklin, who shot a hotelkeeper" was to receive a share of the Kenilworth Park Racetrack, located just outside Windsor, Ontario. The home in Kingston, Jamaica, had already been sold by Millar. It was not in his estate when it was submitted for probate. The bequest to the Protestant ministers of O'Keefe stock was a problem to resolve. The corporate structure of O'Keefe was such that Millar's share of the company was not in shares, but in a share of a holding company that controlled O'Keefe. He only had one actual share in the O'Keefe Brewery Ltd.The 99 ministers and the 103 Orange Lodges who accepted the bequest, did so upon the sale of O'Keefe in 1928 for $1.35 million, in an agreement with the executors. The legatees each received $56.38. In October 1928, five pastors in Windsor claimed the bequest of the Kenilworth shares. The value of the shares was hard to judge, as the stock did not trade publicly. One estimation was that they were worth less than one cent each. The racetrack would close within a decade. The Great Stork Derby

The tenth and final clause of his will was the largest.It required that the balance of <mask>'s estate was to be converted to cash ten years after his death and given to the Toronto woman who gave birth to the most


title: Charles Vance Millar

texts:
 children in that time. In the event of a tie, the bequest would be divided equally. The resulting contest became known as the Great Stork Derby. The Supreme Court of Canada validated the will; Millar had prepared it with care. The will survived ten years of litigation, including attempts by <mask>'s distant relatives to have it declared invalid, and the Derby continued uninterrupted. Because of <mask>'s long-term investments, particularly one of land adjacent to the Detroit–Windsor Tunnel that turned a $2 investment into over $100,000, his estate increased drastically during the ten years, and was worth $568,106 when it was finally liquidated. Its value was enhanced as it accumulated during a deflationary economic period.Most of this prize was shared by four Toronto women who each had nine children, receiving $110,000 each, although three of the four had to pay back to the City of Toronto relief money they had collected. The estate also paid $12,500 each to two women with dubious claims to a share in the prize so as to end litigation. The childless <mask> ended up 'fathering' (albeit indirectly) 36 children. The contest inspired a Canadian made-for-television movie, The Stork Derby, which starred Megan Follows. It was speculated that <mask> prepared this clause in his will to discourage indiscriminate births  and discredit prohibitions against birth control. References

Notes

Bibliography

Further reading
 Wilton, Elizabeth (1994). Bearing the Burden: The Great Toronto Stork Derby, 1926–1938.(Ottawa) National Library of Canada. . External links
<mask> <mask>'s will
"The Toronto 'Stork Derby' Baby Race" at Snopes

1853 births
1926 deaths
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian racehorse owners and breeders
Pranksters
History of British Columbia
Cariboo people
Wills and

masks:
Millar
Millar
Millar
Millar
Charles Vance
Millar


title: Litto Nebbia

texts:
Félix Francisco "<mask>" <mask> (born 21 July 1948) is an Argentine singer-songwriter, musician and producer prominent in the development of Argentine rock. Life and work
<mask> was born in Rosario, Santa Fe to Martha and <mask> (two sons of Italian immigrants), in 1948. His parents were struggling musicians, though during his early teens, <mask> left secondary school to join a friend, keyboardist Ciro Fogliatta, in a band ("Wild Cats"). The duo moved to Buenos Aires in 1963, and lived hand-to-mouth in a Balvanera ward tenement. They appeared in a television show, Escala Musical, a number of times, and became regulars at a popular neighborhood recital hall, La Cueva. <mask> and Fogliatta formed "Los Gatos" in 1966. The group became known for their all-night performances, and composed most of their own songs, many in the well-known neighborhood café, "La Perla del Once" (facing Plaza Miserere).One such composition, La balsa (The Raft), was written at that location by <mask> and the ill-fated songwriter Tanguito on May 2, 1967, and following its release on the RCA Victor label on July 3, sold over 250,000 copies. The album, which also included Moris Birabent's Ayer nomás (Just Yesterday) was the first local rock production to outsell either American or British rock titles locally, and the milestone became known as the birth of Argentine rock. The Argentine edition of Rolling Stone

masks:
Litto
Nebbia Corbacho
Félix Francisco Nebbia Corbacho
Félix Nebbia
Litto
Nebbia
Nebbia


title: Litto Nebbia

texts: Magazine, in a 2007 retrospective, named the melancholy La balsa number one in the list of the 100 best albums in Argentine rock. Commercially, the album rescued the struggling group. Invited to perform the hit on television following its release, the group could only see themselves when the show aired at the kindness of an appliance store owner, who tuned a window display set to the program at their request. Controversy ensued shortly after the hit's release however. A contentious debate soon arose as to whether <mask> or Tanguito had contributed more to the composition (particularly after the latter's tragic, 1972 death).<ref>[http://www.igooh.com.ar/Nota.aspx?IdNota=5828 Los 40 de «La balsa», Igooh] </ref> La balsa also aggravated officials in General Juan Carlos Onganía's conservative dictatorship, who stopped short of banning a song they believed encouraged escapism and drug abuse, but retaliated by shuttering La Cueva, whose stage had become the focal point for local rock groups (including Los Gatos).The band itself began losing cohesion, as well: guitarist Kay Galiffi relocated to Brazil, and <mask> left the group in 1969; by 1970, Los Gatos had dissolved. <mask> began a solo career with RCA Records, and his first album, Litto Nebbia, benefited from having a number of its tracks included in local filmmaker Julio Porter's El extraño de pelo largo (The Long Haired Stranger). His

masks: Nebbia Nebbia Nebbia


title: Litto Nebbia

texts: work drew from the folklorical Chacarera genre in 1971 and 1972, and in 1973, he founded the Litto Nebbia Trio, whose repertoire centered on jazz. <mask> produced folk rock duo Pastoral's En el hospicio (In the Hospice) in 1975, enjoying success in his first foray into record production. The advent of a new dictatorship in 1976, and his subsequent intimidation and detainment, forced <mask> to seek exile in Mexico, however. He remained creatively productive in exile, and released some of his most successful albums during this era, including Canciones para cada uno (Songs for Each of You) in 1978, and Sólo se trata de vivir (It's Only About Living), in 1981. Expecting a daughter, Miranda, and heartened by an improving civil liberties climate, <mask> returned to Argentina in 1982.His return was followed by the Rosariazo, a May 1983 concert in which he was joined by Silvina Garré, Juan Carlos Baglietto, and Fito Páez, among others; his 1986 release, Demasiadas maneras de no saber nada (Too Many Ways to Know Nothing), was his fiftieth. <mask>, his mother, had recently converted a former Villa Urquiza shoe store into her new residence, and invited her son to install a recording booth there. Reunited with Salvador Barresi, the recording engineer from his days with Los Gatos, they improved and equipped the ad hoc space, which was opened as a recording studio in 1988, and which Barresi named El

masks:
Nebbia
Nebbia
Nebbia
Martha Nebbia


title: Litto Nebbia

texts:
 Nuevo Mundo ("The New World"). El Nuevo Mundo Studios led to Nebbia's 1989 establishment of Melopea Records, which he named after both the Ancient Greek music theory, and his own, 1974 album of that name. Melopea Records became known for discovering and promoting new talent, as well as producing unreleased tango compositions from decades earlier. Some of these latter included works by consular figures in the genre, such as Juan Carlos Cobián, Enrique Cadícamo, and Roberto Goyeneche. <mask> was named Illustrious Citizen of Buenos Aires in 2002.Los Gatos, save for drummer Oscar Moro (who had died a year earlier), were reunited for a revival in 2007. Nebbia presented a nine disc anthology of Argentine rock in 2010, and hosted a gathering of fellow Argentine rock greats on 9th of July Avenue as part of official celebrations of the Argentina Bicentennial. Two of the most influential in the genre, Charly García and Luis Alberto Spinetta, acknowledged Nebbia and Los Gatos as inspirations for their own beginnings.Clarín: Somos hermanos de la vida (29 May 1998)

DiscographyLitto Nebbia, 1969Litto Nebbia, Vol. 2: Hijo de America, 1970Nebbia's Band, 1971Despertemos en America, 1972Muerte en La Catedral, 1973Melopea, 1974Fuera del Cielo, 1975Bazar de Los Milagros, 1976Cosas Que No Quieren Morir, 1976El Vendedor De Promesas. 1977Canciones Para Cada Uno, Vol. 1, 1978Canciones Para Cada Uno, Vol. 2,


title: Michael Cooper

texts:
<mask> (born April 15, 1956) is an American basketball coach and former player who is the boys varsity coach at Culver City High School. He played for the Los Angeles Lakers in the National Basketball Association (NBA), winning five NBA championships with the Lakers during their Showtime era. He was an eight-time selection to the NBA All-Defensive Team, including five times on the first team. He was named the NBA Defensive Player of the Year in 1987.

<mask>'s previous coaching jobs include leading the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) to two championships and the Albuquerque Thunderbirds to one NBA G League title. He has also coached in the NBA, WNBA, and the NBA Development League. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles. When he was three years old, he cut one of his knees severely, requiring 100 stitches

masks:
Michael Jerome Cooper
Cooper
Cooper


title: Michael Cooper

texts:
 to close.At the time the doctor said that he would never be able to walk. College career
He attended Pasadena High School, graduating in 1974, then Pasadena City College before transferring to the University of New Mexico. He played for the New Mexico Lobos for two seasons, 1976–78, and was named first team All-Western Athletic Conference. In his senior season the Lobos won the WAC title, with <mask> averaging 16.3 points, 5.7 rebounds, and 4.2 assists per game. Professional career

Los Angeles Lakers (1978–1990)
Selected by the Los Angeles Lakers in the third round of the 1978 NBA draft with the 60th overall pick, <mask> became an integral part of their Showtime teams of the 1980s with his defensive skills. In a twelve-year career, he was named to the NBA All Defensive Team eight times, including five first-team selections. <mask> and Norm Van

masks: Cooper Cooper Cooper


title: Michael Cooper

texts: Lier have the most defensive selections of any player to not be inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.However, he did make the finalist list for the 2022 ballot. He won the NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award in 1987. He, along with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Magic Johnson, was a member of five Lakers championship teams in 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, and 1988. At 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m), 174 lb (77 kg), the rail-thin <mask> known for his knee-high socks, played shooting guard, small forward, and point guard, although his defensive assignment was usually the other team's best shooter at the 2 or 3 position. Larry Bird has said that <mask> was the best defender he faced. For his career, <mask> averaged 8.9 points, 4.2 assists, 3.2 rebounds, 1.2 steals, and 0.6 blocks per game. A popular player among Lakers fans, home crowds were known to chant,


title: Michael Cooper

texts:
 "Coooooooop" whenever he controlled the ball, and the Lakers sometimes ran an alley-oop play for him that was dubbed the "Coop-a-loop."Leaving the team after the 1989–90 season, he was ranked among the club's all-time top 10 in three-point field goals (428), games played (873), total minutes played (23,635), steals (1033), blocked shots (523), assists (3,666), defensive rebounds (2,028), offensive rebounds (741), and free throw percentage (.833). Pallacanestro Virtus Roma (1990–1991)
<mask> then played for the 1990–91 season in Italy for Pallacanestro Virtus Roma in the Italian Serie A, averaging 15.8 points, 6.1 rebounds, 1.9 steals, 1.8 assists, and 0.3 blocks per game. Coaching career

Los Angeles Lakers (1994–1997)
Following his playing career, he served as Special Assistant to Lakers' general manager Jerry West for three years before joining


title: Michael Cooper

texts:
 the Lakers' coaching staff in March 1994 under Magic Johnson, then with Del Harris from 1994–97. Los Angeles Sparks (1999–2004)
<mask> became an assistant coach of the WNBA's Los Angeles Sparks in 1999, and helped the team reach the playoffs for the first time in franchise history, with a record of 20–12. He was named the Sparks' head coach in November 1999, and the Sparks' record quickly improved, as they finished 28–4 in their 2000 campaign. <mask> was named the WNBA Coach of the Year for his efforts. The Sparks followed with consecutive WNBA Championships in 2001 and 2002, but were denied a third straight WNBA title by losing to the Detroit Shock in 2003.Denver Nuggets (2004–2005)
After the Sacramento Monarchs ended the Sparks' run in the first round of the 2004 WNBA Playoffs, <mask> took a job as an assistant coach under Jeff Bzdelik with the


title: Michael Cooper

texts:
 Denver Nuggets. After 24 games, Bzedlik was fired, and <mask> was named the Nuggets' interim head coach. He remained interim head coach until George Karl was brought in to coach the team about a month later and served as a scout for the Nuggets the remainder of the season. Albuquerque Thunderbirds (2005–2007)
<mask> was the head coach of the Albuquerque Thunderbirds for three years (2005–07). In 2007, he left the Thunderbirds after coaching them to the National Basketball Association D-
League Championship in 2006. Return to Sparks (2007–2009)
<mask> then returned to coaching in the WNBA as head coach of the Los Angeles Sparks. USC Trojans' women's basketball team (2009–2013)
In May 2009, <mask> was named head coach of the University of Southern California's Women of Troy Basketball Team.He quit in 2013 after USC went 11–20 and finished seventh

masks: Cooper Cooper Cooper Cooper


title: Michael Cooper

texts:
 in the Pac-12 Conference with a 7–11 record. He was 72–57 overall at USC. Atlanta Dream (2014–2017)
In November 2013, <mask> was hired by the Atlanta Dream as head coach. His contract was not renewed by Atlanta after an 11–22 season in 2017. Chadwick (2019–2021)
In 2018, <mask> signed on to coach 3's Company of the Big3 League. In 2019, <mask> was named the boys varsity coach at Chadwick School in the Palos Verdes Peninsula of Los Angeles County. Culver City (2021–present)
<mask> became the head coach at Culver City High School on September 8, 2021.Head coaching record

NBA

|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Denver
| style="text-align:left;"|
|14||4||10|||| align="center"|(interim)|||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|- class="sortbottom"
| align="center" colspan="2"|Career
|14||4||10|||| ||—||—||—||—||

WNBA

|-
|


title: Meghan Klingenberg

texts:
<mask> (born August 2, 1988) is an American soccer defender and FIFA Women's World Cup champion. She is a former member of the United States women's national soccer team and currently plays for Portland Thorns in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL). She previously played for 3 teams in the Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) league, Tyresö FF in Sweden's Damallsvenskan and the Houston Dash in the NWSL. Early life
<mask> was born in Pittsburgh and raised in the suburban north hills of Gibsonia, Pennsylvania. She has a younger brother named Drew who played college soccer at Penn State. She attended Pine-Richland High School from 2003 to 2007 and was the captain of the girls soccer team. In 2005, she helped lead Pine-Richland to the Pennsylvania state high school championship and was an NSCAA All-America selection.She was also named a Parade All-American. Klingenberg claims she enhanced her soccer skills by practicing Taekwondo, and that the martial art made her a more aggressive player. She is now a black belt. University of North Carolina
Klingenberg attended the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and was a four-year starter for the Tar Heels. She scored 18 career goals with 24 assists. Klingenberg was a highly flexible player, playing on all three lines for UNC. As a freshman in 2007, she played in 24 games, starting 10, and earned Freshman All-ACC honors.She scored five goals with three assists and was a Soccer America First-Team All-Freshman selection. Klingenberg led UNC freshmen in all offensive categories and was an All-ACC Academic Team selection. As a sophomore in 2008, she played in 20 games, starting eight, and missed the last six games of the season playing for the US at the FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Chile. She tied for second on the team with nine assists and two goals. Klingenberg was named to the ACC All-Academic women's soccer team and the ACC Honor Roll. As a junior in 2009, she played in 26 games and played 1,668

masks:
Meghan Elizabeth Klingenberg
Klingenberg


title: Meghan Klingenberg

texts:
 minutes while scoring five goals with one assist. Klingenberg scored the game-winning goal in a 5–2 triumph over Wake Forest in the NCAA quarterfinals.As a senior in 2010, she was an NSCAA All-American while playing in all 24 games for the Tar Heels and was fourth on the team with 23 points. She had 11 assists (second on the team),  scored six goals and was named First-Team All-ACC. Club career

WPS, 2011
In 2011, Klingenberg was selected by the Washington Freedom in the first round of the WPS draft. After the team was moved to Florida and renamed magicJack, she was traded in early June to the Boston Breakers. Klingenberg played 10 matches for Boston, starting them all and totaling 961 minutes for the season. She ended the season with one goal and two assists. She also spent time at Western New York Flash where she won the 2012 Women's Premier Soccer League Elite.Tyresö FF, 2012–13
In 2012, <mask> signed with Swedish club, Tyresö. During her time with Tyresö she won the 2012 Damallsvenskan. NWSL, 2013
After the WPS folded, the National Women's Soccer League was created with support from the US, Canada, and Mexico. Houston Dash, 2014–2015
On January 10, 2014, it was announced that the Houston Dash had selected <mask> with the sixth pick in the 2014 NWSL Expansion Draft. She finished UEFA Women's Champions League with Tyresӧ FF, before joining the Dash mid-season. She left in October 2015 after making nineteen appearances for the club. Portland Thorns, 2016–
In October 2015, <mask> was part of a pingpong trade that had her join the Seattle Reign as she was traded by Houston Dash for Amber Brooks and a conditional selection in the 2017 NWSL College Draft, then traded to the NWSL 2016 expansion team Orlando, who then traded her to the Portland Thorns FC for Alex Morgan and other considerations.International career

<mask> has played for the United States women's national soccer team at the U-16, U-17, U-20 and U-23 levels. She received her first

masks: Klingenberg Klingenberg Klingenberg Klingenberg


title: Meghan Klingenberg

texts:
 call-up to the senior squad for the 2011 Four Nations Tournament and earned her first two caps during the event. She was named an alternate for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In March 2013, she was named to the senior team roster by US WNT coach, Tom Sermanni for upcoming exhibition matches against Germany and the Netherlands. Klingenberg made her debut for senior team on January 23, 2011, at the Four Nations Tournament against Canada, coming in as a substitute at seventy-eighth minute. She also played in the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. The United States women's national soccer team won the tournament on July 5, 2015.<mask> started in every match of the tournament for the team. Despite seeing extensive playing time during the 2016 Summer Olympics, <mask> would receive sparse minutes throughout 2017 and has not been called up since January 2018.

International goals

Career statistics
. Honors
<mask> has won five trophies in her career so far. She has won the 2012 Damallsvenskan with Tyresö, the 2012 Women's Premier Soccer League Elite with Western New York Flash, and the 2017 National Women's Soccer League with Portland Thorns FC . She's also won the 2012 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament, 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup and 2016 CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Championship with the United States women's national soccer team. Club
Western New York Flash
Women's Premier Soccer League Elite: 2012

Tyresö
Damallsvenskan: 2012

Portland Thorns FC
NWSL Shield: 2016, 2021
NWSL Champions: 2017
 NWSL Community Shield : 2020
 NWSL Challenge Cup: 2021
 International Champions Cup: 2021

Personal
NWSL Second XI: 2017

International
United States
CONCACAF Women's Championship: 2014
Algarve Cup: 2015
FIFA Women's World Cup: 2015
CONCACAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament: 2016
SheBelieves Cup: 2016

Individual
 FIFPro: FIFA FIFPro World XI 2015

Off-field
While with the Houston Dash, <mask> and teammate Morgan Brian lived with the family of former


title: Meghan Klingenberg

texts:
 Houston Rockets coach Jeff Van Gundy during the NWSL season, as part of the Dash's host family program. In 2019, <mask>, along with United States teammates Tobin Heath, Christen Press and Megan Rapinoe started Re-inc, a gender-neutral lifestyle brand.In popular culture
<mask> was featured with her national teammates in the EA Sports' FIFA video game series in FIFA 16, the first time women players were included in the game. Following the United States' win at the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup, <mask> and her teammates became the first women's sports team to be honored with a ticker tape parade in New York City. Each player received a key to the city from Mayor Bill de Blasio. In October of the same year, the team was honored by President Barack Obama at the White House. References

Match reports

External links

 US Soccer player profile
 North Carolina player profile
 2012 Summer Olympics alternate player profile
 Tyresö FF player profile
 Houston Dash player profile
 Portland Thorns FC player profile

1988 births
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup players
American expatriate sportspeople in Sweden
American people of German descent
Women's association football defenders
Women's association football fullbacks
Women's association football midfielders
Boston Breakers (WPS) players
Damallsvenskan players
Expatriate women's footballers in Sweden
Houston Dash players
Living people
MagicJack (WPS) players
National Women's Soccer League players
North Carolina Tar Heels women's soccer players
Soccer players from Pittsburgh
Tyresö FF players
United States women's international soccer players
Washington Freedom players
Women's Premier Soccer League Elite players
Women's Professional Soccer players
FIFA Women's World Cup-winning players
Pine-Richland High School alumni
American women's soccer players
Portland Thorns FC players
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Women's Olympic soccer players of the United States
United States women's under-20 international

masks: Klingenberg Klingenberg Klingenberg


title: Vernon Hartshorn

texts:
<mask> (16 March 1872 – 13 March 1931) was a Welsh trade unionist and Labour Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1918 until his death. <mask> was President of the South Wales Miners' Federation, and a member of the National Executive of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain. He was elected as Member of Parliament for Ogmore at the 1918 general election. He served as Postmaster-General in 1924, made a Privy Counsellor the same year, and became a member of the Simon Commission. In 1930, he was appointed Lord Privy Seal, serving until his death on 13 March 1931. Early life and education

<mask> was born on 16 March 1872 in Pontywaun, Monmouthshire. He was the eldest son of Ellen and <mask>.At the time of his birth his father was a coal miner but later became a local draper/grocer. The family were Primitive Methodists, Theophilus <mask> was a Sunday School teacher and Trustee of Crosskeys Primitive Methodist Church. Various sources describe <mask> as a Sunday School teacher and lay preacher from early adulthood. It is likely he received his education through home, local board school, chapel, work, and local institutes. A childhood friend recalls him spending one term at Oliver's Mount, a Quaker School in Scarborough, Yorkshire where he "was good at arithmetic and could solve problems off hand which the masters found tricky". This innate mathematical ability was to prove invaluable in later years. Early career

The proving ground for many young men and boys in the South Wales valleys was work at the 'pit bottom' in the local colliery, and Hartshorn was no exception.He started underground, probably at the age of 14, and we have found a record of him working at the coal face of the Black Vein Seam of the Risca Colliery for about a year between 1892 and 1893. Ill-health resulted in <mask> moving to work above ground for Powell Duffryn Collieries in Aberaman from 1896. From there he transferred to the company offices in Cardiff Docks to work as a Junior Clerk. This enabled him to obtain an insight into

masks:
Vernon Hartshorn
Hartshorn
Vernon Hartshorn
Theolus Hartshorn
Hartshorn
Vernon Hartshorn
Hartshorn


title: Vernon Hartshorn

texts:
 commercial matters which was to stand him in good stead in later years. He was later elected Checkweighman at the Risca Collieries, a position rendered vacant by James Winstone, a prominent founder member and future president of the South Wales Miners' Federation. <mask> took an active part in promoting the South Wales Miners' Federation cause. He represented – with another prominent early leader, Alfred Onions – the Tredegar District of the South Wales Miners' Federation.At the point of his election as Miners' Agent in Maesteg in 1905 <mask> was regarded as one of the upcoming men of the Federation. He had shown that he had a good deal of perseverance, a keen insight into mining and political matters, and a determination to do what he considered to be right however heavy the odds against him. He was recommended for the post by the principal leaders of the South Wales Miners' Federation at the time, including William Abraham(Mabon), William Brace and James Winstone, all of them speaking of his "unblemished moral character, his keenness, tact and ability, his knowledge of economic problems, and his good executive abilities". He was going to require all of those characteristics and skills in the years to come. By 1912 he was being described, in the Pall Mall Gazette, as "the most prominent and capable of the Socialist leaders in the South Wales Coalfield". Early political career

<mask> sought selection as a Labour candidate in the General Election of January 1910 in the Mid-Glamorganshire constituency. On this occasion he failed to gain the support of the South Wales Miners' Federation and had to stand down.He stood again as a Labour candidate in the April 1910 by-election, and yet again in the December General Election of the same year. On both these occasions he was backed by the South Wales Miners' Federation, but he was not successful. Coal disputes
During the National Coal Strike of 1912 there are references to Hartshorn in the press as a militant, an extremist, a socialist, as pugnacious, uncompromising and out for trouble

masks: Hartshorn Hartshorn Hartshorn


title: Vernon Hartshorn

texts:
 . That said, he was not one of the group of young socialists from the Rhondda who published the Syndicalist manifesto, 'The Miners Next Step', with its sustained critique of the style of union leadership shown by the likes of William Abraham. Nor was he an advocate of conciliation and compromise, of co-operation with the coal-owners at any cost. He believed that the 'strike weapon' could and should be used. The 1912 strike of almost 1 million miners was unprecedented.The Government, fearing widespread trouble on a much larger scale than the Tonypandy Riots of 1911, decided to intervene in the dispute. Within a month they had rushed a Minimum Wage Bill through Parliament. The resulting arrangements for miners' pay were, in operation, far from perfect, but the legislation did see the introduction of the first example of a national minimum wage. A key player in the negotiations that took place in London, <mask> was less than enthusiastic about the Wage Bill, and he made it clear that it could not be accepted as a final solution to the problem. He took the view that if the men should decide to return to work, that would not be surrender, but simply a decision to test what they had won. The strike ended on 6 April 1912. The first World War

The production of coal in Britain peaked in 1913, but the First World War brought new challenges within the industry.Throughout the War there was a constant struggle between the collieries and the army for manpower, and conscription did more than any other issue to divide the Labour movement. Also, with the War came inflation but the miner's pay failed to keep pace with the rising cost of living. It became difficult for the miners' leaders to balance the interests of the miners and the interests of the nation. In March 1915 the Miners Federation of Great Britain demanded a 20% pay increase. The coal-owners refused to discuss a national wage rise and negotiations reverted to the districts. Satisfactory agreements were reached in most areas except South Wales where the obdurate coal-owners refused to


title: Vernon Hartshorn

texts:
 budge beyond 10%. On 15 July 1915 about 200,000 miners in Wales went on strike.Hartshorn, and other Federation leaders, had urged the miners to abandon their plans to strike, and to continue negotiating while working. He reasoned that there would be a lack of public support for a strike while the country was at war, and naval defence depended on coal. There were also risks to the credibility of the Federation in the longer term. Inevitably he was criticised by some for 'betraying' the miners. The Coal Strike of 1915 was divisive, some viewed the miners as unpatriotic whilst others criticised the mine owners. Either way, it was a serious event, and the Minister for Munitions, Lloyd George, invoked the Munitions of War Act, making the strike illegal. He also travelled to Cardiff to speak to the miners directly.They remained defiant and won many of their demands before returning to work. In November 1916 another strike over pay took place in Wales. This time the Government took control of the industry, and it was to remain under Government control for the next four years. During the War <mask> visited the Western Front with other miners' leaders, ostensibly to assess morale and conditions among the troops. He became a member of the Coal Mining Organisation Committee (CMOC) established in 1915, and later a member of the Advisory Board to the Controller of Mines. He was also one of the three Wales Commissioners on the 1917 Inquiry into Industrial Unrest, and a member of the Colliery Recruiting Court in South Wales. In January 1918 he was awarded the OBE in recognition of his service to the CMOC.Prior to, and throughout the War years, the campaign for women's suffrage continued, and it was a campaign that Hartshorn supported. References

1872 births
1931 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Lords Privy Seal
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Miners' Federation of Great Britain-sponsored MPs
United Kingdom Postmasters General
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1924–1929
UK MPs


title: W. J. Ghent

texts:
<mask> (1866–1942) was an American socialist journalist and writer. His main focus was on socialism and on the history of the Westward Expansion of the early United States. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born on April 29, 1866 in Frankfort, Clinton County, Indiana the son of <mask> and Mary Elizabeth Palmer. <mask>'s ancestors had already been residents of America for a century, having settled in the state of North Carolina prior to the American Revolution. He attended public school and learned the printing trade as a young man, working as a compositor for a number of newspapers and magazines before moving into the field of journalism. Socialist activities

<mask> became interested in socialism in 1892, becoming active in a Bellamy Club, and initially espoused the English evolutionary socialist ideas of Fabianism. <mask> would go on to contribute to such publications as the New York-based magazine The American Fabian from 1897 to 1898.<mask>'s initial foray into politics came in the late 1890s, when he served as an aid to <mask> during his campaigns to become Mayor of Toledo, Ohio and Governor of Ohio. On March 6, 1903, the Collectivist Society of New York was organized. <mask> was a member of its executive committee. <mask> remained aloof from the organized socialist movement for more than a decade, finally joining the Socialist Party of America (SPA) in 1904. At the time of his entry into the SPA, <mask> was already well known among American socialists for his authorship of the widely read radical tome Our Benevolent Feudalism (1902). He soon followed this

masks:
William James Ghent
William James Ghent
Ira Keith Ghent
Ghent
Ghent
Ghent
Ghent
Samuel Jones
Ghent
Ghent
Ghent


title: W. J. Ghent

texts: with another well recognized volume, 1904's Mass and Class. <mask> was recognized as an excellent writer but was shy and a poor public speaker.The disconnect between his literary eloquence and reluctance to speak in public caused many of those who came into casual contact with Ghent to think him aloof. In 1906 with funds provided by philanthropist Caroline A. Sherfey Rand, a socialist workers education facility was launched in New York City called the Rand School of Social Science. An April 1906 meeting of the Board of Directors determined that the hiring of a paid executive to run the school was required and Ghent was nominated for the post. Although he feared that this job would take away time necessary for writing, Ghent finally relented and took the position as Secretary. Ghent and the Rand School set up shop on the first two floors of a building located at 112 East 19th Street and the school officially opened in September of that same year. As an intellectual, the activities of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society (ISS) in bringing socialist ideas to college campuses held great appeal for Ghent and he became Secretary of that organization. In the summer of 1907 Ghent made the facility of the recently Rand School the headquarters of the ISS as well.Over time personal friction developed between Ghent and Algernon Lee, editor of The Worker, the main English-language Socialist weekly in New York City and Ghent was pushed into resigning as the school's chief in the fall of 1909. Ghent was effectively pushed upstairs, elected as President of the Board of


title: W. J. Ghent

texts:
 Directors of the American Socialist Society, the legal entity behind the Rand School, and Algernon Lee was elected as the school's new Secretary. In 1911 <mask> left for Washington, DC, to work as a secretary to Socialist Congressman Victor L. Berger. Following his stint with Rep. Berger, Ghent returned to journalism, contributing to the Washington, DC socialist weekly The National Socialist before moving to the Southeastern Kansas town of Girard to join the editorial staff of the mass circulation Appeal to Reason. Break with radicalism

Ghent broke with the Socialist Party over that organization's staunch opposition to World War I despite of America's entry into that conflict in April 1917. Ghent became active in the pro-war arm of the labor movement, joining American Federation of Labor President Samuel Gompers on the Executive Committee of the American Alliance for Labor and Democracy from 1917 through 1919. In the early 1920s Ghent emerged as an outspoken public opponent of the fledgling American Communist movement.In 1923 Princeton University Press gathered a modified set of his essays from such magazines as The Weekly Review and The Independent under hard covers as a book entitled The Reds Bring Reaction. <mask> argued in this book that the ongoing wave of conservatism and anti-union legislation which swept America in the years after World War I was in large measure a response to the "theatricism and charlantry" of the revolutionary left. <mask> wrote:

"The revolutionary Communist, for all his stage-play, is a fanatic and a firebrand. So long as society

masks: Ghent Ghent Ghent


title: W. J. Ghent

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 insists upon keeping on hand such stores of inflammable material in the form of large sections of the working class steeped in privation and misery, it must expect, from time to time, what follows from the touch of flame to tinder. But the chief danger lies in the fact that the tumult and shouting of the Left inevitably strengthens the Reaction of the Right. Despite this perspective and his continued separation from the Socialist Party, <mask> reaffirmed his commitment to the principles of social democracy, declaring that "the theory of the class struggle...seemed to be valid, when rightfully understood, as it still seems," despite the fact that "the abuse of that theory might well set the world in flames." <mask> gradually became estranged from the radical political movement, turning his attention to the history of the American West.He would be the author of three monographs on the topic. Although he never rejoined the Socialist Party of America, he did in 1936 join the Social Democratic Federation, which was established in a split by party moderates from the SPA. Death and legacy

W.J<mask> died on July 10, 1942 in Washington, DC. <mask>'s papers reside with the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress in Washington. Footnotes

Works
 Our Benevolent Feudalism. New York: Macmillan, 1902.Mass and Class: A Survey of Social Divisions. New York: Macmillan, 1904. Why Aren't You a Socialist? New York : Socialist Party, n.d. [190-?]. Socialism and Success: Some Uninvited Messages. New York: John Lane Co., 1910.To Skeptics and Doubters. New York: Intercollegiate

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Ghent
. Ghent
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title: W. J. Ghent

texts:
 Socialist Society, 1911. Old Age Pension. Chicago : National Office of the Socialist Party, 1911. The National Socialist Handbook No. 2. Washington, DC: National Socialist, 1913.The Appeal Almanac and Arsenal of Facts for 1915. (Editor.) Girard, KS: Appeal to Reason, 1915. Appeal Socialist Classics. (Editor.) Girard, KS: Appeal to Reason, 1916. Democratic Defense: A Practical Program for Socialism.(Chief author.) Socialist Party Bulletin, vol. 1, no. 2 (March 1917), pg. 14. The Appeal Almanac and Arsenal of Facts for 1917. (Editor.)Girard, KS: Appeal to Reason, 1917. The New Appeal Almanac for 1918. (Editor.) Girard, KS: New Appeal, 1918. The Reds Bring Reaction. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1923. "Daniel DeLeon," from Dictionary of American Biography.American Council of Learned Societies, 1928. The Road to Oregon: A Chronicle of the Great Emigrant Trail. New York, Longmans, Green and Co., 1929. Broken Hand: The Life Story of Thomas Fitzpatrick, Chief of the Mountain Men. With LeRoy R. Hafen. Denver: Old West Publishing Company, 1931. The Early Far West: A Narrative Outline, 1540-1850.New York: Longmans, Green and Co., 1931. Further reading

 Harold S. Smith, <mask> <mask>: Reformer and Historian. PhD dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1957. External links

 "William J. <mask> Papers, 1876-1942 finding aid," Washington, DC: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, 2012. 1866 births
1942 deaths
Members of the Socialist Party of America
American male writers
People from Frankfort, Indiana
People from Girard, Kansas
Writers from

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William James
Ghent
Ghent


title: Empress Dowager Bo

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Empress Dowager <mask> (薄太后) was an imperial concubine of Emperor Gaozu of Han (Liu Bang). She was also known as Consort <mask> (薄姬) during the life of the Emperor, and more formally as either Empress Dowager Xiaowen (孝文太后) or (rarer) Empress Gao (高皇后). Despite being a concubine of lower standing, her son, Liu Heng, became Emperor Wen of Han, cementing her place in history. The year of her birth is not known. She died in 155 BC. Empress Dowager <mask> is formally the first grand empress dowager in Chinese history, as Empress Dowager Lü, the only other empress dowager till then who lived to see her grandson become emperor, never claimed the title. Early years
The future Empress Dowager <mask>'s father, <mask> (薄翁), came from Wu County (吳縣, in modern Suzhou, Jiangsu).He had an adulterous affair with a Lady Wei (魏媼), the daughter of a member of the Wei royal family. Empress Dowager <mask> was born of this union. According to Chinese historical works (with the exception the Book of Han, which tells a different version of her life), Lady <mask> was, when she was young, the prettiest concubine of Wei Bao, the Prince of Wei. Wei Bao allied himself with Liu Bang to defeat Xiang Yu's force, but later betrayed Liu Bang by defecting to Xiang Yu's camp. Unlike other defectors who switched sides again after Liu Bang's final victory, Wei Bao remained loyal to Xiang Yu to the end. After Han Xin conquered Wei, Wei Bao and his entire family were brought in front of Liu Bang to await execution. Wei Bao begged for mercy, but the emperor was unreceptive until he offered Lady <mask> as a gift to Liu Bang.Her beauty had captured the attention of the emperor, and she was taken as an imperial

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title: Empress Dowager Bo

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 concubine. Her former husband was thus spared execution. Historical records did not provide the information on whether other members of Wei Bao's family were spared as well, but it was likely the case. Lady <mask> was not favored among the concubines, but she gave birth to a son, Liu Heng, who was made the Prince of Dai. The birth of her son elevated Lady <mask>'s status to Consort <mask>. Unlike many other concubines, she was not confined to the palace and was allowed to accompany her son to the remote Principality of Dai (modern northern Shanxi and northwestern Hebei) to be the princess dowager. Dai was not a rich domain, and the region was under constant threats and attacks from the Xiongnu.Although Consort <mask> could not live a luxurious lifestyle so far from the imperial palaces, she still managed to have a relatively comfortable life. Nonetheless, she had to work as a seamstress. Such rather difficult living conditions in comparison to other consorts had an unexpected benefit: unlike other consorts who became Empress Lü Zhi's victims due to her jealousy, Lü was very sympathetic to Consort <mask>. The empress never saw <mask> and her son as a threat to her quest of power, and thus, the two were spared from the politics that killed many other concubines and princes. The Book of Han tells a different story of how Lady <mask> came to become the emperor's concubine. It states that Liu Bang discovered Lady <mask> working as a seamstress in Dai and took her as his concubine there. Despite this difference in Lady <mask>'s origin, the Book of Han and other historical texts converge with Lady <mask> and her son, Liu Heng, in the Principality of Dai.Rise to the top
In 180 BC,

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title: Empress Dowager Bo

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 after the death of her mistress, Emperor Gao's wife Empress Dowager Lü, and after the officials then slaughtered the Lü clan, they offered the throne to Prince Heng over his nephew Emperor Houshao -- whom they accused of not being imperial blood. Prince Heng consulted Princess Dowager <mask>, who could not decide either. It was later, after they dispatched Princess Dowager <mask>'s brother <mask> (薄昭) to the capital Chang'an to observe the situation and to ascertain the officials' good faith that Prince Heng chose to accept the throne. Later years

After Prince Heng took the throne as Emperor Wen, Princess Dowager <mask> was honored as empress dowager, even though she had not previously been an empress. She was largely unassuming as empress dowager, and did not exert anywhere close to the influence that Empress Dowager Lü asserted over Emperor Hui or even her daughter-in-law, Empress Dou, would later assert over her grandson Emperor Jing. The one major instance in which she asserted her influence was in 176 BC. At that time, <mask>, who had been instrumental in Emperor Wen's becoming emperor, had retired to his march when he was falsely accused of treason and arrested.Empress Dowager <mask>, believing in Zhou's innocence, famously threw her scarf at Emperor Wen, stating:

Before you became emperor, Zhou was in control of the imperial seal, and commanded the powerful northern guards. How ridiculous is it that he did not commit treason then, but now plans to use his small march as the base for a rebellion? It was at least partly due to her influence that Emperor Wen eventually released Zhou. She either did not try to intercede similarly (as appears most likely) or was ineffective

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Bo
Bo Zhao
Bo
Zhou Bo
Bo


title: Empress Dowager Bo

texts:
 in her intercession, when her brother <mask> killed an imperial messenger—a crime far more serious than ordinary murder—in 170 BC. Even though <mask> was the Empress Dowager's only sibling, Emperor Wen eventually pressed him into committing suicide. One of the final influences Empress Dowager <mask> had was when she arranged for the daughter of one of her relatives to marry her grandson, then-Crown Prince Qi, during her son's reign. After Emperor Wen died in 157 BC and Crown Prince Qi succeeded him as Emperor Jing, Empress Dowager <mask> became grand empress dowager.There was no recorded instance of her trying to assert political influence after that. She died just two years later in 155 BC. (This would prove disastrous for Emperor Jing's wife, Empress <mask>, as she would be soon deposed after losing her main support.) After she died, she was enshrined in a temple of her own rather than in her husband's temple, because only one empress could be enshrined in an emperor's temple, and Empress Lü was already enshrined in Emperor Gao's temple. Later, during Emperor Guangwu's reign, however, he effectively reversed the position of Empress Dowager <mask> and Empress Lü by enshrining Empress Dowager <mask> as "Empress Gao" and demoting Empress Dowager Lü to a separate temple. References

 Records of the Grand Historian, vol. 49.Book of Han, vol. 97, part 1. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 13, 14, 15. 155 BC deaths
Han dynasty empresses dowager
Han dynasty imperial consorts
3rd-century BC Chinese women
3rd-century BC Chinese people
2nd-century BC Chinese women
2nd-century BC Chinese people
Year of birth unknown
Chinese grand empresses dowager
Emperor Gaozu of Han
Chinese concubines
Remarried

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Bo Zhao
Bo Zhao
Bo
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title: David Bates Douglass

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<mask> (March 21, 1790 – October 21, 1849) was a civil and military engineer, who worked on a broad set of projects throughout his career. For fifteen years he was a professor at the United States Military Academy, and after his resignation from the army he worked as a consulting engineer while holding academic appointments at various colleges and universities. He was the third president of Kenyon College (1841-1845), and when he died in 1849 he was the chair of the Mathematics Department at Hobart College. Early life and War of 1812

<mask> was born to Nathaniel and <mask> in Pompton Township, New Jersey, an iron mining region. His mother's brother was the notable civil engineer, <mask>. Although his early education was ordinary, being primarily taught by his mother, he developed a passion for technology under the influence of observation of the local industry. He graduated from Yale College in 1813.Shortly after graduation, he entered service in the War of 1812 and received a commission as Second Lieutenant in command of a corps of miners and sappers. He distinguished himself in the war, participating in the Battle of Lundy's Lane, and receiving a citation and field promotion to First Lieutenant for gallantry at the Siege of Fort Erie. West Point years

From 1815 until 1831, <mask> was a professor at the United States Military Academy at West Point. During this time, he also worked on a variety of other government-sponsored as well as private projects. He consulted on the western section of the Erie Canal, at the request of Governor DeWitt Clinton. In 1815 he married Ann Ellicott, the daughter of Andrew Ellicott, Professor of Mathematics at the academy. Lewis Cass expedition of 1820

In 1820, he was a member of the Lewis Cass expedition to explore the south shore of Lake Superior.His orders read:
You are assigned to accompany a party to be employed in exploring the Southern Coasts and Shores of Lake Superior in the course of the ensuing summer under the direction of Governor Cass

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Sarah Douglass
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title: David Bates Douglass

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 of Michigan Territory....  You will join him at Detroit by the first of May at the farthest and when your services will be no longer required by him you will return to West Point, N.Y. and report by letter thence to this Department. Other members of the expedition included Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, Charles C. Trowbridge and James Duane Doty. By most accounts, the expedition successfully completed and even exceeded its mission, particularly in regard to unexpected ethnological observations. Cass had also previously stated that an objective was to ascertain the feasibility of relocating the Iroquois Confederacy from New York, and many Oneida, Brothertown and Stockbridge Indians were removed from New York to Wisconsin (then Michigan Territory) in the succeeding years. <mask> was charged by Cass to lead the project to write, under joint authorship, the official account of the expedition. However, the death of his father-in-law and obligations to his new position as Chair of the Department of Mathematics (including teaching himself French in order to read the most current texts available on calculus) led to personal delays, and in what was an acrimonious split from his colleague, Schoolcraft scooped him and published his own account. Post-military career

Morris Canal

In 1831, <mask> submitted his resignation to the academy and it was accepted, as his outside projects were becoming more of a distraction.First and foremost was as a consulting engineer for the Morris Canal, in particular as the designer of the Montville inclined plane. As the Newark Eagle reported, the 1830 test of the device was a major success:
The machinery was set in motion under the direction of Major <mask>, the enterprising Engineer. The boat, with two hundred persons on board, rose majestically out of the water; in one minute it was upon the summit, which it passed apparently with all the ease that a ship would cross a wave of the sea. As the forward wheels of the car commenced their descent, the boat seemed gently

masks: Douglass Douglass Douglass


title: David Bates Douglass

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 to bow to the spectators and the town below, then glided quickly down the wooden way. In six minutes and thirty seconds it descended from the summit and re-entered the canal, thus passing a plane one thousand and forty feet long, with a descent of seventy feet, in six and one half minutes. These inclined planes became an internationally renowned tourist attraction. The Elbląg Canal, one of Seven Wonders of Poland, used the Morris Canal's technology as inspiration for its inclined planes; for that reason, the inclined planes on that canal strongly resemble those on the Morris canal.Green-Wood Cemetery

One of the Douglass's most significant lasting legacies is Green-Wood Cemetery in New York. It established a style of peaceful, natural setting known as a rural cemetery that was copied several times by Douglass himself as well as his admirers. President of Kenyon College

<mask> was the third president of Kenyon College, serving from 1841 to 1845. He wrote two monographs concerning the reasons for his departure. Other post-military projects

Other noteworthy projects that Douglass led or was a major contributor in included surveying the Brooklyn and Jamaica Railroad route, the design of a major water delivery system for New York City, and the design of two garden cemeteries based on his design of Green-Wood: Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York (1845–1846), and Mount Hermon Cemetery (1848), located on the outskirts of Quebec City. Douglass was also originally awarded the design of the High Bridge of the Croton Aqueduct system, but was later fired. Final years

In October 1848, <mask> was appointed Professor of Mathematics at Hobart College, then known as Geneva College.In October 1849, he died of a stroke. See also

Bishop Charles McIlvaine

References
Notes

Bibliography

External links

1790 births
1849 deaths
American canal engineers
People from Passaic County, New Jersey
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
Presidents of Kenyon College
Engineers from New Jersey
Yale College

masks: Douglass Douglass


title: Anil Moonesinghe

texts:
<mask> (15 February 1927 – 8 December 2002) was a Sri Lankan Trotskyist revolutionary politician and trade unionist. He became a member of parliament, a Cabinet Minister of Transport in 1964, the Deputy Speaker of Parliament from 1994 to 2000 and a diplomat. He authored several books and edited newspapers and magazines. He was chairman and general manager of a State corporation. He briefly held the honorary rank of Colonel. Background and education
<mask> was born in Colombo, Sri Lanka (then called Ceylon), on 15 February 1927. A member of the family of Anagarika Dharmapala (who named him '<mask>'), he was brought up with Buddhist and Sinhalese nationalist values, as well as an abhorrence of the colonial power, Britain.He went to school at Royal College, Colombo, an elite institution which produced many radicals as well as civil servants and bourgeois politicians, where he won his colours in athletics. During the Second World War he organised a brigade of boys to aid the Japanese if they landed on the island and earned himself the nickname 'Rommel' at school. Later he became influenced by communism (he wrote in praise of the Red Air Force). Together with Osmund Jayaratne and Dicky Attygala, he formed a communist group in Royal College. This group gradually moved to a specifically Trotskyist stance. <mask> went on to University College Ceylon (which later became University of Ceylon), where he excelled in athletics, representing his University at the All India Universities Athletic Meet, which was held regularly in those years, in Lahore in 1944. He taught briefly at Royal Primary School, which had been evacuated to Glendale Bungalow, Bandarawela.He won an exhibition to the University of London and went to Britain in 1945. He sailed on board a troopship; when the news of Churchill's defeat at the general election came through, all the

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Moonesinghe
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title: Anil Moonesinghe

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 soldiers on board threw their caps in the air and cheered, a fact which greatly encouraged him. Revolutionary Communist Party

At University College, London, he studied law. There he met his future wife, Jeanne Hoban – a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) whom he converted to Trotskyism – and Stan Newens, who was later to become a Labour & Co-op MP. They joined the Revolutionary Communist Party (RCP), in which they were associated with the group around Tony Cliff, the so-called 'State-Caps' after their characterisation of the USSR as 'State-Capitalist'. The group later became the Socialist Review Group (SRG), organised around the Socialist Review which evolved into the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). Both <mask> and Jeanne were present at the founding conference of the SRG.Through the group he got to know Max Shachtman, becoming familiar with his theory of 'bureaucratic revolution'. He was also familiar with Jock Haston and Ted Grant. Within the RCP he went by the Pseudonym '<mask> Kumaran'. Marriage
For a time he worked as an overhead crane operator at Southern Forge Ltd, Langley, Slough. He married Jeanne Hoban in 1948 and they moved into a houseboat called 'Red October', which they built together, on the Thames near Marlow. They both entered the Labour Party in Slough, on the heels of a group of the RCP, led by Jock Haston. <mask> was a speaker for the National Council of Labour Colleges; while Jeanne was elected to the Executive of the Labour Leagues of Youth, later being put on the list of Labour Parliamentary candidates.They were both associated with the MP for Slough Fenner Brockway and with George Padmore, the prophet of Black African Liberation. LSSP Days

His parents summoned <mask> back to Colombo urgently in 1952. He was called to the Bar and practised law all over the island. He and Jeanne joined the Lanka

masks: Anil Anil Anil Anil


title: Anil Moonesinghe

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 for a short while around this time. In 1966, the police arrested several lower-ranking soldiers and civilians, implicated in an alleged attempted coup d'état, the so-called 'Lavatory Coup'. Several army officers, including the Army Commander Major General Richard Udugama, were dismissed or suspended. Moonesinghe was lawyer for the 9th accused, Mayadunne, in the subsequent trial. He visited Czechoslovakia during the 'Prague Spring' and was again impressed by the activities of the Workers' Councils there.He later wrote a book condemning the Soviet invasion which ousted Alexander Dubček. He succeeded Dr N.M. Perera as President of the redoubtable All Ceylon United Motor Workers' Union (ACUMWU). He also set about organising the United Corporations and Mercantile Union (UCMU) which brought together workers in government corporations, and of which he was general secretary. He went around the country from factory to factory and built up a union of several tens of thousands of members. One of his lieutenants in this task was Vasudeva Nanayakkara, who became an MP in 1970. At the 1970 General Election, the UCMU also sponsored the candidature of novice Mahinda Rajapakse, who was the Chairman of its Vidyodaya University branch and who was later to become Prime Minister and then President of Sri Lanka. CTB chairman
After the 1970 election, at which the United Front (UF) won a landslide victory, the workers at the CTB spontaneously established workers' committees and took over the running of the institution.They also asked for <mask> <mask> to be made chairman of the board. The new Government therefore appointed him chairman and general manager. Thus began the most successful years of the CTB as an institution. For the last two of the five years he was there, the CTB ran at a profit, while providing a service which was never previously or subsequently

masks: Anil Moonesinghe


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 out of Werahera. In 1971, when the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) staged an insurrection, he formed a 2,000-strong paramilitary body, the Hansa Regiment (of which he was honorary Colonel), from among the employees of the CTB to guard bus depots, bus stops and workshops. He also created 'CANTAB', a secret intelligence organisation, the agents of whom were employees of the CTB, which provided accurate reports of the strength and distribution of JVP units. At this time he joined the editorial board of State, a theoretical journal of the LSSP, published in three languages. In 1975, Leslie Gunawardena and he were preparing the ground for a major shift in the management of the CTB, whereby Employees' Council representatives were to form half the board of directors.However, in September that year the UF broke up and the LSSP Ministers were removed, so <mask> Perera at that year's conference. In 1980, he was arrested for his part in the General Strike, but later released without any charges being made. At this time he wrote a book on the repression of the Solidarity union in Poland.About this time, he coined the term 'Casino Capitalism' to describe the economic set-up under the UNP regime. SLFP Days
He split from the LSSP in 1982 over its refusal to go into coalition with Mrs Sirimavo Bandaranaike's Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), forming the Sri Lanka Sama Samaja Party (SLSSP) with other breakaways. He supported Hector Kobbekaduwa at the Presidential Election of that year. In 1983 the SLSSP dissolved itself and he joined the SLFP and contested the Matugama seat at a by-election and won. He represented Matugama until 1989 and then was one of the MPs – under proportional representation – for the Kalutara District until 2000. During the 1983 anti-Tamil pogrom, he intervened to save several people from death. During the 'White Terror' of 1988–90, he


title: Anil Moonesinghe

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 Czechoslovakia since the Prague Spring. After the victory of the UNP at the general election of December 2001, he was recalled.He died on 8 December 2002 in Colombo. He left four children, Janaki, Vinod, Previn and Priyanka, the last two by a second marriage to Joan de Zilva. Publications
 Kumaran, <mask> (pseudonym). "The Indonesian Movement", Workers’ International News, January–February 1949. Moonasinghe, <mask>. "Accumulation in backward countries", Young Socialist,January-March 1962
 Moonesinghe, <mask>, Chekoslovækiyava, Janadina Publications, Colombo, 1968. Moonesinghe, <mask>, "The Nature of the State", State, Colombo, 1975, No 1.<mask>, <mask>, Polanthaya – 1980, Janadina Publications, Colombo, 1980. A leader par excellence
Scott Direckze, '<mask> K. Moonesinghe and the Citroen project', Daily News, 8 December 2009

1927 births
2002 deaths
Alumni of Royal Preparatory School
Alumni of Royal College, Colombo
Alumni of the Ceylon University College
Alumni of University College London
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Austria
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Croatia
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Hungary
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to Slovakia
Ambassadors of Sri Lanka to the Czech Republic
Communications ministers of Sri Lanka
Deputy speakers and chairmen of committees of the Parliament of Sri Lanka
Lanka Sama Samaja Party politicians
Members of the 3rd Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 4th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 5th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 6th Parliament of Ceylon
Members of the 8th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 9th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 10th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Permanent Representatives of Sri Lanka to the United Nations
Revolutionary Communist Party (UK, 1944) members
Sri Lankan diplomats
Sinhalese lawyers
Sinhalese politicians
Sinhalese trade unionists
Sri Lankan socialists
Sri Lankan

masks: Anil Anil Anil Anil Moonesinghe Anil Anil