title: Florence Kelley

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 five sisters; all five sisters died in childhood. Three of the sisters were Josephine Bartram <mask>, Caroline Lincoln <mask>, and Anna Caroline <mask>. Josephine died at the age of ten months. Caroline died at the age of four months. Anna died at the age of six years.<mask> was an early supporter of women's suffrage after her sisters died and worked for numerous political and social reforms, including the NAACP, which <mask> helped found. In Zurich, she met various European socialists, including Polish-Russian medical student Lazare Wischnewetzky, whom she married in 1884 with whom she had three children; the couple divorced in 1891. She wanted a divorce because of his physical abuse and overflowing debt. Unable to divorce her husband for "non-support," she fled to Chicago and received full custody of her children. She kept her maiden name but preferred to be called "Mrs. <mask>." Education

In her early years, she was severely sick and highly susceptible to infections and so was unable to go to school for a period of time.On days that she would miss school she would be in her father's library and read many books. In 1882, <mask> attended Cornell University at age 16. At Cornell, she was a Phi Beta Kappa member. There, she wrote her thesis about disadvantaged children. The topic of her thesis was influenced by her father's teaching about underprivileged children. Although <mask> desired to study law at the University of Pennsylvania, she was denied to attend because of her sex. In the meantime, she pursued her passion for working women by founding and attending evening classes at the New Century Guild for Working Women.Later, she attended the University of Zurich, the first European university to

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title: Florence Kelley

type: original

texts:
 grant degrees to women, and she joined a group of students advocating socialism. <mask> also earned a law degree at Northwestern University School of Law in 1894. She was then able to start a school for working girls in Pennsylvania. Socialism and civil rights

<mask> was a member of the Intercollegiate Socialist Society, an activist for women's suffrage and African-American civil rights. She was a follower of Karl Marx and a friend of Friedrich Engels. Her translation, of the latter's The Condition of the Working Class in England into English in 1885 is still used today. She appears there as "Mrs. F. <mask>tzky" and was also known as <mask>.She assisted with the establishment of the New Century Guild of Philadelphia, along with Gabrielle D. Clements and led by Eliza Sproat Turner. It had classes and programs to assist working women. <mask> herself taught evening classes there. The New Century Guild intended to increase the quality of working and living condition of the lower class in urban areas. The organization helped lead the battle for labor laws, such as the minimum wage and the eight-hour days, at the local, state, and federal levels. In Chicago, <mask> organized the New York Working Women's Society Campaign in 1889 and 1890 "to add women as officials in the office for factory inspection". By 1890, the New York legislature passed laws creating eight new positions for women as state factory inspectors.<mask> joined the Hull House from 1891 to 1899. The Hull House allowed <mask> to advance in her career by providing her a network to other social organizations and an outlet to pursue the advancement of rights for working women and children. While at the Hull House, <mask> bonded with Jane Addams

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 and Julia Lathrop, who worked together as major labor reformers. All three women were of upper-middle-class background and had politically active fathers. She also became friends with Grace and Edith Abbott as well as Alice Hamilton, a professional physician specialized in preventing occupational diseases. <mask> interacted with the Chicago Women's Club under Jane Addams' sponsorship by establishing a Bureau of Women's Labor. Hull House provided <mask> the opportunity to bypass male organizations in order to pursue social activism for women, who were denied participation in formal politics at the time.She is credited with starting the social justice feminism movement. In 1892, <mask> investigated the labor conditions of Chicago's garment industry by persuading Illinois Bureau of Labor Statistics to hire her. During that same year, she conducted a survey of Chicago's slums per the request of U.S. Commissioner of Labor, Carroll D. Wright,. The survey uncovered children from three-years-old working in "overcrowded tenement apartments". The survey also revealed women overworked past exhaustion, workers risking pneumonia, and children with burns. <mask> contributed to a variety of social organizations including National Child Labor Committee, National Consumers League, National Conference of Social Workers, American Sociological Association, National American Woman Suffrage Association, NAACP, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, and the Intercollegiate Socialist Society. Factory inspection and child labor
<mask>'s father had toured her through glass factories at night when she was young.<mask> fought to make it illegal for children under the age of 14 to work and to limit the number of

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texts: hours for children under 16. She sought to give the children the right of education, and argued that children must be nurtured to be intelligent people. From 1891 through 1899, <mask> lived at the Hull House settlement in Chicago. <mask> took the initiative by taking state legislatures on tours of sweatshops. She persuaded labor and civic groups to lobby on behalf of the reform legislation. In 1893, she became the first woman to hold statewide office when Governor Peter Altgeld appointed her to the post of Chief Factory Inspector for the state of Illinois, a newly created position and unheard-of for a woman. She chose five women and six men to assist her.Hull House resident Alzina Stevens served as one of <mask>'s assistant factory inspectors. In the course of her Hull House work, she befriended Frank Alan Fetter when he was asked by the University of Chicago to conduct a study of Chicago neighborhoods. At Fetter's motion, she was made a member of Cornell's Irving Literary Society as an alumna, when he joined the Cornell Faculty. <mask> was known for her firmness and fierce energy. Hull House founder Jane Addams' nephew called <mask> "the toughest customer in the reform riot, the finest rough-and-tumble fighter for the good life for others, that Hull House ever knew." <mask> was appointed Special Agent of the Illinois State Bureau of Labor Statistics when she proposed investigating the "sweating system", "the practice of contracting out work to homes of the poor," in Chicago. In her report, she discovered employees working up to 16 hours a day, seven days a week with some wages that are not high enough to support the family.By 1893, the Illinois legislature passed the first factory law limiting work


title: Florence Kelley

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 for women to eight hours a day and prohibiting the employment of children under the age of fourteen. In the same year, Illinois passed protective labor laws, distinguishing the start of the Progressive Era in social reform. NAACP and work on racial equality
Asked by William English Walling and Mary White Ovington, <mask> became a founding member of the NAACP. As a member of the board of directors, she belonged to committees on Nomination, The Budget, Federal Aid to Education, Anti-Lynching, and the Inequality Expenditure of School Funds. According to W.E.B. DuBois, <mask> was well known for asking pointed questions to find a course of action. Her public discussions covered black people in churches, social welfare forums, and social inequality.In 1913, she studied the federal patterns of distribution of funds for education. She noticed a lot of inequitable distributions for white schools as opposed to black schools. That launched her to create the Sterling Discrimination Bill, which was an attack against the Sterling Towner Bill, which proposed a federal sanction of $2.98 per capita for teachers of colored children and $10.32 per capita children at white schools in 15 schools in the South and Washington, D.C. The NAACP held the position that it would perpetuate the continual discrimination and neglect of the public schools for black people. She and W. E. B. DuBois disagreed on how to attack this bill. She wanted to add the language that guaranteed equitable distribution of funding regardless of race. DuBois believed that there should be a clause added specific to race because it would require the federal government to enforce that the schools for black people to be treated fairly.<mask> believed that

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texts: if anything was added about race to the bill, it would not pass through Congress. She wanted to get the bill passed and then to change the language. Therefore, when the bill was passed, it called for equal distribution to the schools to be handled by the states based on population. The issue remained on whether or not the states would distribute the money equally. <mask> disagreed with the NAACP and W.E.B. DuBois on other issues as well. The Sheppard-Towner Act was the most contentious issue of disagreement between them.The act provided aid to mothers and children during pregnancy and infancy. The NAACP and DuBois were opposed to the bill because there were no provisions to prevent the discrimination in the distribution of funds to black mothers. Unlike her stance on equitable distribution of educational funds, <mask> was not demanding any provisions for equitable distribution, as she knew the bill would never pass if the issue of race was introduced, especially with the opposition already present from southern states. <mask> believed that it was more important to pass the legislation, even in its limited form, so that the funding would be secured and the primary principle of social welfare would be established. Eventually, <mask>, earned the support of the NAACP on the issue with the promise to monitor the bill if it passed and to work tirelessly toward the equity of all, regardless of race. In 1917, she marched in the New York silent protest parade, opposing the violence of white citizens against black people in the East St. Louis, Illinois, race riots of that year. To pressure anti-lynching onto Congress, she appealed National Women's League of Voters to support the Dryer Anti-Lynching Bill in

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 1922.Despite the League's lack of action, <mask> provided a series of letters to Arthur B. Spingarn of the NAACP in 1926 about the many cases of lynching in the United States. To gain support from the media, <mask> also suggested for newspaper editors who opposed lynching to be published. <mask> used her power in Congress by her personal connections to avoid discrimination from being passed in laws, especially toward expenditure toward school funds. In 1921, she pushed the Board of Directors of the NAACP to oppose bills that discriminate based on race in expenditure toward school funds. <mask> is famous for creating the tradition of protest against racial discrimination, which occurred in the mid-20th century. With the release of "Birth of a Nation," <mask> and other NAACP leaders demonstrated in numerous cities against the film for representing a racist interpretation of black people. In 1923, <mask> struggled for admission of the National Association of Colored Women as members of the Women's Joint Congressional Committee, which formed in 1920.She succeeded by January 1924, when 15 of 17 organizations included NACW members. National Consumers League and eight-hour day

From 1899 through 1926, she lived at the Henry Street settlement house on New York City. From there, she founded and acted as General Secretary of the National Consumers League, which was strongly anti-sweatshop. She used her direction to raise public awareness and pass state legislation to protect workers, primarily for women and children. The Consumers' League established a Code of Standards that served to raise wages, shorten hours, and required a minimum number of sanitary facilities. <mask> used the NCL to address her own

masks: Kelley Kelley Kelley Kelley Kelley Kelley Kelley


title: Florence Kelley

texts: policies such as local hours and wages of women via data collection and activism. <mask> also served as a mentor to younger activists, such as Mary van Kleeck, who briefly worked for the Consumers League.In her work there, she built 64 Consumers Leagues to promote and to pass labor legislation. <mask> often acted as a representative to address state legislators and expanded the NCL network through women's clubs. She worked hard to establish a workday limited to eight hours. In 1907, she threw her influence into a Supreme Court case, Muller v. Oregon, an attempt to overturn limits to the hours female workers could work in non-hazardous professions. <mask> helped file the famous Brandeis Brief, which included sociological and medical evidence of the hazards of working long hours and set the precedent of the Supreme Court's recognition of sociological evidence, which was used to great effect later in Brown v. Board of Education. Her pursuit to enforce the eight hour work day for women was later declared unconstitutional by the Illinois Supreme Court in 1895 because it restricted women from making contracts for longer hours. In 1909, <mask> helped create the NAACP and thereafter became a friend and ally of W. E. B.Du Bois. She also worked to help improve child labor laws and working conditions. In 1917, she again filed briefs in a Supreme Court case for an eight-hour workday, now for workers "in any mill, factory or manufacturing establishment," in the case Bunting v. Oregon. <mask>'s NCL sponsored a "Consumer's 'white label'" on clothing that restricted garment production with child labor and working conditions against state law. She led the National Consumers League until her death, in 1932. Other

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 accomplishments
In 1907 <mask> organized New York’s Committee on Congestion of Population, after which she and Mary Kingsbury Simkhovitch sponsored an exhibit on the causes and consequences of congestion and methods for alleviating it, catalyzing the first National Conference on City Planning in 1909. <mask> worked with Josephine Goldmark to make the Brandeis Brief to demonstrate the harmful effects of overtime on women's health.The action helped support arguments in Muller v. Oregon in 1908, although the Supreme Court ruled against the women laundry workers in the case. <mask> also helped lobby Congress to pass the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916, which banned the sale of products created from factories that employed children thirteen and under. In addition to this act, she also lobbied for the Sheppard-Towner Act, which created the nation's first social welfare program to fight against maternal and infant mortality by funding health care clinics specialized in those areas. In 1912, she formed the US Children's Bureau, a federal agency to oversee children's welfare. Death
<mask> died, age 72, in the Germantown section of Philadelphia on February 17, 1932. She is buried at Philadelphia's Laurel Hill Cemetery. She was named an Angel hero by The My Hero Project.Publications
The responsibility of the consumer. New York City: National Child Labor Committee, 1908. Kelly argues that it is the responsibility of the consumer to use their buying power to discourage moral ills regarding work conditions, such as child labor. Succinctly put, she argues for the modern phrase, "vote with your dollar." Further, in order to judge labor conditions, she argues that citizens must demand adequate statistics about


title: Florence Kelley

texts: such conditions from their state and federal governments. The Present Status of Minimum Wage Legislation. New York City: National Consumers' League, 1913.Provides a brief history of the beginnings of minimum wage legislation in England and the United States. <mask> cautions the states against drawing up too quickly a hastily and poorly written law such that a court may strike it down thereby setting a precedent for similar laws. Finally, Kelly briefly explores how society ultimately bears the cost for not paying a sufficient minimum wage, through caring for the poor and through the maintenance of prisons. Modern Industry: in relation to the family, health, education, morality. New York: Longmans, Green 1914. Women in Industry: the Eight Hours Day and Rest at Night, upheld by the United States Supreme Court. New York: National Consumers' League, 1916.Twenty Questions about the Federal Amendment Proposed by the National Woman's Party. New York: National Consumers' League, 1922. Notes of Sixty Years: The Autobiography of <mask>. Chicago: C.H. Kerr Pub. Co., 1986. The Need of Theoretical Preparation for Philanthropic Work.1887. Kelly emphasizes the need for a theoretical background prior to engaging in philanthropic work. Without such background, she argues, the type of philanthropic work chosen will most likely reproduce the current capitalist socioeconomic system that leads to the need for philanthropic work in the first place. In essence, one needs theoretical preparation in order to treat the causes rather than the symptoms. She argues for this by distinguishing between two types of philanthropy: bourgeois philanthropy and philanthropy of the working class. Bourgeois philanthropy "aims to give back to

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 the workers a little bit of what our social system robs them of, propping up the system longer," (92) thus it is fundamentally palliative, preserving the current system in place. Philanthropy of the working class, on the other hand, aims to weaken the capitalist system through goals such as shortening the work day and limiting the working of children.These measures result in a lower amount of surplus value produced which is antithetical to the capitalist system. After such a theoretical preparation, <mask> concludes that real philanthropic work consists in elevating class consciousness. References

Further reading

 Blumberg, Dorothy Rose. <mask>. The Making of a Social Pioneer. (1966)
 Goldmark, Josephine. Impatient Crusader: <mask>'s Life Story (1953)
Grinspan, Jon.The Age of Acrimony: How Americans Fought to Fix Their Democracy, 1865 - 1915. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2021. Sklar, Kathryn Kish. <mask> and the Nation's Work: The Rise of Women's Political Culture, 1830-1900. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1995.Sklar, Kathryn. Notes of Sixty Years: The Autobiography of <mask>, Charles H. Kerr Publishing Company. 1986. Sources
 Amico, Eleanor B., ed. Reader's Guide to Women's Studies (Fitzroy Dearborn, 1998)
 Sklar, Kathryn Kish, and Beverly Wilson Palmer, eds. The Selected Letters of <mask>, 1869–1931 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2009). lxii, 575 pp.External links
Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1600-2000. "How Did <mask>'s Campaign against Sweatshops in Chicago in the 1890s Expand Government Responsibility for Industrial Working Conditions?" External links

The Life and Times of Florence Kelley in Chicago (1891-1899) on Northwestern University
<mask>

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title: Florence Kelley

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 (1859-1932) on harvard.edu
<mask> on schoolnet.co.uk
<mask> on Women and Social Movements, subscription required
Biographical note
A letter from Engels to <mask> Wischnewetzky
Entry at 'project Muse' (needs a subscription to read it all)
<mask> fought for civil rights

1859 births
1932 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
American feminists
American Marxists
American pacifists
American socialists
American translators
Consumer rights activists
Child labor in the United States
Cornell University alumni
Pennsylvania political activists
Pennsylvania socialists
NAACP activists
German–English translators
Activists from Philadelphia
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
American women writers
Progressive Era in the United States
Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law alumni
19th-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
Marxist

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title: George Shirley

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<mask> (born April 18, 1934) is an American operatic tenor, and was the first African-American tenor to perform a leading role at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. Early life
<mask> was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, and raised in Detroit, Michigan. He earned a bachelor's degree in music education from Wayne State University in 1955 and then was drafted into the Army, where he became the first Black member of the United States Army Chorus. He was also the first African American hired to teach music in Detroit high schools. Career
After continuing voice studies with Therny Georgi, he moved to New York and began his professional career as a singer. His debut was with a small opera group in Woodstock as Eisenstein in Strauss's Die Fledermaus in 1959, and his European debut in Italy as Rodolfo in Puccini's La bohème. In 1960, at 26, he won a National Arts Club scholarship competition, and the following April he was the first Black singer to win the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions scholarship competition.<mask> is the first Black tenor and the second Black male to sing leading roles for the Metropolitan Opera. He sang there for 11 seasons. <mask> has also appeared at The Royal Opera, London; the Deutsche Oper Berlin; the Teatro Colón in Buenos Aires; the Dutch National Opera in Amsterdam; Opéra de Monte-Carlo; the New York City Opera; the Scottish Opera; the Lyric Opera of Chicago; the Washington National Opera; the Michigan Opera Theatre; the San Francisco Opera; and the Santa Fe Opera and Glyndebourne Festival summer seasons, as well as with numerous orchestras in the United States and Europe. He has sung more than 80 roles. He was on the faculty of the University of Maryland from 1980 to 1987, when he moved to the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre & Dance, where he was Director of the Vocal Arts Division. He currently serves as the Joseph Edgar Maddy Distinguished University Professor of Music, and still maintains a studio at the school. Awards and recognition
In 1968, <mask> won a Grammy Award for his performance in

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 the role Ferrando in the RCA recording of Mozart's Così fan tutte.He has three times been a master teacher in the National Association of Teachers of Singing Intern Program for Young NATS Teachers, and taught dozens of up-and-coming vocalists for ten years at the Aspen Music Festival and School. <mask> produced a series of programs for WQXR-FM radio in New York on Classical Music and the Afro-American and hosted a four-program series on WETA-FM radio in Washington, D.C. called Unheard, Unsung. <mask> has been awarded honorary degrees by Wilberforce University, Montclair State College, Lake Forest College, and the University of Northern Iowa. He is a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity. In 2013, Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, of which he is a member, named him a Signature Sinfonian, an award recognizing exceptional accomplishment in the fraternity member's chosen field. One his highest honors came in 2015 when Mr. <mask> received the National Medal of Arts, bestowed upon him by US President Barack Obama. The following year in 2016, he was a recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award during the National Opera Association's annual convention.Mr.  <mask> was presented with the William Warfield Legacy Award in  2019 for his dedication to the advancement of African  American classical vocalists and the legacy of William Warfield. Discography

[Composer: work (other singers; ensembles; conductor), label, recording or publication date.] – <mask>. Der wissende Sänger
George <mask> interview by Bruce Duffie

1934 births
20th-century African-American male singers
20th-century American male opera singers
African-American male opera singers
American operatic tenors
Aspen Music Festival and School faculty
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Musicians from Indianapolis
University of Maryland, College Park faculty
University of Michigan faculty
Wayne State University alumni
Winners of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions
Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia
Singers from Detroit
Singers from Indiana
Classical musicians from

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title: André Boisclair

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<mask> (; born April 14, 1966) is a politician in Quebec, Canada. He was the leader of the Parti Québécois, a social democratic and sovereigntist party in Quebec. Between January 1996 and March 2003, <mask> served as Citizenship and Immigration Minister and Social Solidarity Minister under former Premier of Quebec Lucien Bouchard and as Environment Minister under former Premier Bernard Landry. He won the Parti Québécois leadership election on November 15, 2005. <mask> announced he was stepping down as leader of the PQ on May 8, 2007. François Gendron was named interim leader. Early life

<mask> was born in Montreal, Quebec.He grew up in the affluent francophone Montreal neighbourhood of Outremont. While attending Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf, a private CEGEP, he became the president of the Federation of Quebec College Students (in French, FECQ). After graduation he attended Université de Montréal, but dropped out after two years. Political scene 1989–2003
He joined the Parti Québécois in 1984, and in the 1989 general election he was elected to represent the Montreal-area riding of Gouin as a PQ candidate. At 23 years old, he became the youngest member ever elected to the Quebec National Assembly, a record he held until Simon-Pierre Diamond was elected in 2007. He also quickly garnered a reputation as a party animal in Quebec City's night-life scene. He served as a cabinet minister from 1998 to 2003, under Parti Québécois (PQ) Premiers Lucien Bouchard and Bernard Landry, holding a variety of high-profile portfolios.During his time in office, <mask> and his chief of staff, Luc Doray, became the center of a drug and embezzlement scandal. After a routine audit, officials discovered that Doray submitted over

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 $30,000 in false expense reports and authorities later discovered that Doray had used the money to feed his cocaine habit. Doray pleaded guilty to defrauding the government and during court testimony it was learned that <mask> authorized some of the expenses. The ensuing investigation cleared <mask> of any wrongdoing - he was never accused nor charged with any crime. However, in September 2005, <mask> admitted to personally using cocaine between 1996 and 2003 while serving as a member of the Quebec legislature. <mask> continued to serve as a Member of the National Assembly until he resigned in August 2004 to attend the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. At the time of his resignation, <mask> held the position of opposition parliamentary (house) leader.<mask> completed the Master's in Public Administration program at the John F. Kennedy School of Government - a program that does not require students to hold a previous university degree. While at Harvard, <mask> attended lectures by Michael Ignatieff and kept a blog recording his experience. Party leadership
After Bernard Landry resigned in June 2005, <mask> entered the race to succeed Landry as the PQ's leader. Elected as the sixth leader of the Parti Québécois on November 15, 2005, <mask> earned 53.8% of the party membership vote as compared to his closest rival, Pauline Marois, who garnered 30.6%. For the first time, the PQ allowed telephone voting, resulting in the participation of over 76% of the party membership. Polls taken at the time of his leadership victory in November 2005 suggested that <mask>'s Parti Québécois would win a landslide victory over the incumbent Liberal Party of Jean Charest. <mask> was the first

masks: Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair


title: André Boisclair

texts:
 openly gay politician in Canada to win the leadership of a party with legislative representation.(Previous openly gay Canadian political party leaders included Chris Lea of the Green Party of Canada and Allison Brewer of the New Brunswick New Democratic Party.) After his election as party leader, <mask> delivered a speech promising a sovereignty referendum within two years of a PQ victory in the next Quebec general election. During a joint press conference with Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe in Montreal on November 20, 2005, <mask> decried Canada's Clarity Act as unacceptable. He stated that if elected Premier, he would ignore the ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada on referendum question clarity. Upon taking the reins of the PQ, <mask>'s actions quickly created political controversy within his own party. After a questionable appearance in a comedy sketch featuring a homosexual depiction of Stephen Harper and George W. Bush, and an attempt to distance the PQ from its traditional union base, a push to oust <mask> developed. Purportedly led by Boisclair's predecessor, Bernard Landry (which he denies), the plan failed and no real threat to <mask>'s leadership emerged.Pundits speculated that the proximity of the Quebec general election contributed to the putsch's failure. On August 14, 2006, <mask> was elected to the provincial legislative assembly in a by-election for the Montreal-area riding of Pointe-aux-Trembles. He was re-elected in the general election of March 26, 2007. 2007 election

In February 2007, <mask> promised a dream team of high-profile candidates for the anticipated 2007 general election. Comparing his slate to the l'équipe du tonnerre (the thunder team) of former premier and

masks: Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair Boisclair


title: André Boisclair

texts: Quiet revolution architect Jean Lesage, Boiscair announced that actor Pierre Curzi, former cabinet member Linda Goupil, TV journalist Bernard Drainville, academic Guy Lachapelle, union leader Marc Laviolette, and former Bloc Québécois MPs Richard Marceau and Yvan Loubier composed this team. On February 21, 2007, the Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, Lise Thibault, dissolved parliament and called a general election for March 26, 2007. <mask> launched his campaign using the slogan "Reconstruisons notre Québec" (Let's rebuild our Quebec).At the beginning of the campaign, <mask>'s Parti Québécois stood five percentage points behind the Quebec Liberals. <mask> stated throughout his campaign that education would remain a key priority in the PQ's election strategy and that he would organize a new referendum on sovereignty as soon as possible. He also supported new measures targeting home ownership for young families. During the election campaign, controversy arose when radio talk show host Louis Champagne made homophobic remarks while interviewing Parti Québécois candidate Alexandre Cloutier, asking him if the fact that his party was led by a gay man — and was running an openly gay candidate, Sylvain Gaudreault, in the neighbouring riding to Cloutier's — meant that voters would believe the Parti Québécois was "a club of fags". Days later, the radio station's corporate owner, the Corus Group, suspended Champagne. Most observers ruled the 2007 leaders' debate a draw. Critics felt that <mask> appeared the most aggressive, repeatedly asking the Action démocratique du Québec's (ADQ) Mario Dumont to state the financial model of his political platform.Election night produced a major disappointment for the Parti

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 Québécois. The party polled its smallest share of the popular vote since 1973 and the PQ came third in seat numbers in the National Assembly - losing Official Opposition status. The 2007 election left Quebec with its first minority government since 1878. Although <mask>'s future as the leader of Parti Québécois appeared uncertain, he claimed on the day after the election that he had no plans of stepping down (however, he resigned six weeks later). Apart from the Champagne incident, the election campaign was not marked by any other open expressions of homophobia. However, at least one prominent political journalist in Quebec, The Gazette's Don Macpherson, has asserted that some other criticism of <mask> — particularly a persistent notion among some voters that he was too cosmopolitan and "Montréalais" — may in fact have been code for lingering voter discomfort with the idea of electing an openly gay premier. Resignation as PQ Leader

<mask> announced his resignation as Parti Québécois leader on May 8, 2007, the same day Quebec's National Assembly was resuming sitting after the 2007 general election.The announcement came as a shock to many Parti Québécois caucus members, some of whom expressed "sadness" at the decision. <mask>'s leadership was questioned immediately after the election and petitions for a motion of confidence within the party came far and wide from regional PQ presidents and major sovereigntist groups. <mask>'s resignation followed a dispute with Gilles Duceppe, leader of the Bloc Québécois, the sovereigntist party on the federal scene. In an interview with Radio-Canada, <mask> had confirmed rumours that Duceppe had been scheming for his post. Duceppe denied these rumours but many

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 political observers still believed <mask> had gone too far in this denunciation. <mask> remained the MNA for Pointe-aux-Trembles, but on October 15, 2007, he announced he was resigning from his seat and quitting politics on November 15, 2007. He also accused leader Bernard Landry of undermining his support as party head by referring to the PQ's loss of public support under <mask>'s reign, and for hinting he wanted to return to the party's leadership himself.Post-political life

<mask> was hired by Questerre, a Calgary-based energy company, in 2011 as a consultant due to his sociopolitical knowledge of Quebec. In September 2012, <mask> criticized the newly elected PQ government's position on the shale (more commonly known as fracking) industry in Quebec. In November 2012, he was named as the new provincial delegate-general in New York City. He was the President and CEO for the Urban development institute of Québec (UDI) - a non-profit organization focused on Quebec's commercial real estate industry from June 2016 until he resigned amidst allegations of sexual assaults. On May 28, 2020, he was charged with two counts of sexual assault on an unidentified victim: one charge for committing a sexual assault while carrying, using or threatening to use a weapon, and one charge for being party to a sexual assault with another person. The events are alleged to have occurred in 2014. The matter has not yet gone to trial.See also
2005 Parti Québécois leadership election
Quebec sovereignty movement
Politics of Quebec
List of leaders of the Official Opposition (Quebec)
List of third party leaders of Quebec

Electoral record

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References

External links

LinkedIn <mask> page

1966

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title: James O'Higgins Norman

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<mask>'<mask>  PC, MStJ, FRSA holds the UNESCO Chair on Tackling Bullying in Schools and Cyberspace at Dublin City University. He is the director of the National Anti-Bullying Research and Resource Centre, and a member of the Government of Ireland Advisory Council on Online Safety. Background
He was born in 1968 in Dublin, Ireland, and grew up in Glasnevin where he attended Sacred Heart Boys National School and St Kevins College, Ballygall. Education
His undergraduate studies included philosophy, psychology and sociology and he has an honours degree in Divinity from Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas (Rome, 1994), as well as a Higher Diploma in Education from University College Dublin (1996) and a Master's degree in Education from the National University of Ireland, Maynooth (1999). He also studied Family Law at the Law Society of Ireland (2008) and was awarded a Doctorate from UCL Institute of Education, London (2006). Career
In 2000, he took up a position as a lecturer in the Mater Dei Institute of Education, Dublin, Ireland, where he led research on pastoral care in second level schools. While there he authored the book entitled Ethos and Education in Ireland (2003) (New York: Peter Lang) in which he argued that the Catholic Church had a majority share in the control and management of schools in Ireland and that the church and state would need to reconsider this position in the light of the emerging diversity in Irish society.These views were upheld in 2006 when Archbishop Martin of

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title: James O'Higgins Norman

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 research scholarship funded by the US State Department which allowed him to participate in research on alternatives to political violence in Boston College’s Irish Institute. In 2013 he became Director of the National Anti-Bullying Research Centre, formerly of Trinity College Dublin, which moved to Dublin City University following the retirement of its founder and first director Professor Mona O'Moore. In 2018 he was appointed as the UNESCO Chair on Tackling Bullying in Schools and Cyberbspace. Public life

He is a former Catholic priest who supported victims and gave evidence to the commission into clerical abuse in the Archdiocese of Dublin. As an academic at DCU he has contributed to education debates and has been consulted by the media as a spokesperson on educational and social issues.O'<mask> has served with a number of school boards and voluntary organisations in the Dublin area. In 1986 he was awarded the Father Phelim McCabe Perpetual Endeavour Award for volunteering with local community services. In 1997, he was nominated by Archbishop Desmond Connell to the board of management of Jobstown Community College where he served as Chairperson until 2004. He was later nominated by the Edmund Rice Schools Trust (ERST) to the board of management of St. Vincent's CBS, Glasnevin, (2009-2012). He was also Chairperson of Schools Across Borders (2010-2012), an Irish Aid funded NGO promoting better relations between young people in areas of conflict. From 2008 to 2014 he was a member of the board of


title: James O'Higgins Norman

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 Clans of Ireland and in 2009 became its Vice Chairperson. In 2010 he was appointed to the Most Venerable Order of St. John and in 2012 he was appointed Honorary President of St. John Ambulance Castleknock Combined Division in Dublin.Honours and awards

O'<mask> has received a number of awards including:

  Queen Elizabeth II, Member of the Most Venerable Order of St. John of Jerusalem (MStJ). President of the United States of America, Lifetime Achievement Award for Volunteer Service (PAVS). President of Ireland, Companion of the Order of Clans of Ireland (CIOM). Government of Ireland, Peace Commissioner. Royal House of Georgia, Knight Grand Cross in the Order of the Eagle of Georgia and the Seamless Tunic of Our Lord Jesus Christ (GCEG). La Casa Troncal de los Doce Linajes de Soria Caballero Honorario y Concesión de Las Llaves de Bronce. St. John Ambulance, Honorary President Castleknock Division.Fellow of the Royal Society of the Arts. Published works

Peer Reviewed Journals
•	O'<mask>, J., Goldrick, M. 2012. Reducing Academic Isolation in Favour of Learning Relationships Through a Virtual Classroom. Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education, 4,
•	O'<mask>, J.,Connolly, J. 2011. Mimetic Theory and Scapegoating in the Age of Cyberbullying:The Case of Phoebe Prince. Pastoral Care in Education, 29, 4.•	O'<mask>, J., McNamara, G. 2010. Conflicts of Ethos: Issues of Equality in Faith Based Schools. Educational Management Administration and Leadership. (London: Sage). •	O'<mask>, J.Goldrick,

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title: James O'Higgins Norman

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 M.,Harrison, K. 2009. Pedagogy for Diversity: Mediating Between Tradition and Equality in Schools. International Journal of Children's Spirituality, 14, 4.•	O'<mask>, J. 2009. Straight Talking: Explorations on Homosexuality and Homophobia in Secondary Schools in Ireland. Sex Education, 9, 4. •	O'<mask>, J. 2009. Still Catching up: Schools, Sexual Orientation and Homophobia in Ireland.Sexuality And Culture, 13, 1, pp1–16. •	O'<mask>, J. 2008. Equality in the Provision of Social Personal and Health Education in the Republic of Ireland: The Case of Homophobic Bullying? Pastoral Care in Education, 26, 2, pp69–81. •	O'<mask>, J. 2006.Homophobia: A Final Frontier for Tolerance in Religious Education. Journal of Religious Education, 54, 3, pp43–48. •	O'Higgins Norman J. 2005. Homophobic Bullying in Irish Second-Level Schools. Guideline - Newsletter of the Institute of Guidance Counsellors, pp15–17. •	O'<mask>, J.2003. Teacher Professionalism: The Pastoral Dimension. Oideas, 50, Spring, pp66–78. •	O'<mask>, J. 2002. The School Around the Corner is Not Still the Same: The Need for Pastoral Care in Schools. Search, 25:3,
•	O'<mask>, J.2002. Educational Underachievement: The Contribution of Pastoral Care. Irish Educational Studies, 21:1, Spring, pp33–45. •	O'<mask>, J. 2000. Ethos and the Catholic School. Oideas, 47, Spring, pp66–79.•	O'<mask>, J. 1999. Discipline For Learning. The Furrow, Maynooth. Selected Books/Reports
•	O'<mask>, J., Education Matters, Readings in Pastoral Care for School Chaplains,

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 Guidance Counsellors and Teachers. Dublin, Veritas, 2014. •	O'<mask>, J., Goldrick, M., Harrison, K. (2010) Identifying Good Practice in Addressing Homophobic Bullying in Second-Level Schools.Dublin: The Equality Authority. •	O'<mask>, J. et al. 2009. The International Handbook on Education for Spirituality, Care and Wellbeing. Dordrect: Springer. •	O'<mask>, J. Homophobic Bullying in Irish Secondary Education, Palo Alto, California, Academica Press, 2008. •	O'<mask>, J.Straight Talk: Researching Gay & Lesbian Issues in the School Curriculum, The Centre for Educational Evaluation, DCU, 2006. •	O'<mask>, J. A Survey of Teachers on Homophobic Bullying in Irish Second-Level Schools, Dublin City University, 2005. •	O'<mask>, J (ed.) At the Heart of Education, School Chaplaincy and Pastoral Care, Dublin: Veritas, 2004. •	O'<mask>, <mask>. Ethos and Education in Ireland, New York: Peter Lang, 2003.Selected Chapters
•	O'<mask>, J. 2011. Sociology of Education. B. Walsh. Education Studies. Dublin. Gill and McMillan.•	O'<mask>, J., Hall, E. 2009. Violence and Conflict in Schools: Negotiating Pathways to Wellbeing, International Handbook on Education for Spirituality, Care and Wellbeing. (Dordrect: Springer). •	O'<mask>, J., King, P. 2007. Evaluating the Impact of a State Religious Education Syllabus for the Religious Education Teacher and the School Chaplain. International Handbook of the Religious, Spiritual and Moral Dimensions in Education (Dordrect: Springer). •	O'<mask>, J.2003. Pastoral Care in

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title: Jane McGonigal

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<mask> (born October 21, 1977) is an American game designer and author who advocates the use of mobile and digital technology to channel positive attitudes and collaboration in a real world context. Biography

Early years
McGonigal was brought up in New Jersey. Her parents are teachers who emphasized intellectual attainment. Her identical twin sister, Kelly McGonigal, is a well known psychologist. Education

McGonigal received her BA in English from Fordham University in 1999 and her PhD in performance studies from the University of California, Berkeley in 2006. She was the first in the department to study computer and video games. Personal life
After earning her BA in English, McGonigal started developing her first commercial games.In 2006, at the age of 28, she earned a PhD in performance studies and continued developing games. In 2009, she suffered a debilitating concussion that helped her in the development of a game, Jane the Concussion Slayer, for treating her concussion and other similar conditions; the game was later renamed SuperBetter. In 2011, her first book was published. Philosophy

McGonigal writes and speaks about alternate reality games and massively multiplayer online gaming, especially about the way that collective intelligence can be generated and used as a means for improving the quality of human life or working towards the solution of social ills. She has stated that gaming should be moving "towards Nobel Prizes." McGonigal has been called "the current public face of gamification". Despite this, McGonigal has objected to the word, stating, "I don't do 'gamification,' and I'm not prepared to stand up and say I think it works, I don't think anybody should


title: Jane McGonigal

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 make games to try to motivate somebody to do something they don't want to do.If the game is not about a goal you're intrinsically motivated by, it won't work." Career

As a designer McGonigal became known for location-based and alternate reality games. She has taught game design and game studies at the San Francisco Art Institute and the University of California, Berkeley. In 2008 she became the Director of Game Research & Development at Institute for the Future and in 2012 Chief Creative Officer at SuperBetter Labs. Games

<mask> has been developing commercial games since 2006, some of which are listed in the following chart:

SuperBetter

In July 2009, <mask> suffered a concussion after hitting her head in her office. The symptoms were severe, lasted for several weeks, and led to her feeling suicidal. She requested her friends give her tasks to do each day.Wanting to recover from her condition, she created a game to treat it. The game was initially called Jane the Concussion-Slayer (after Buffy the Vampire Slayer), then renamed to SuperBetter. McGonigal was able to raise $1 million to fund an expanded version of the game. Additionally, she has collaborated on commissioned games for the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. Books

On January 20, 2011, McGonigal's first book, Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make us Better and How they Can Change the World, was published. In this book, McGonigal looks not only at massively multiplayer online gaming and alternate reality games but also at games more widely. Using current research from the positive psychology movement, McGonigal argues that games contribute powerfully to human happiness

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title: Jane McGonigal

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 and motivation, a sense of meaning, and the development of community.The book was met with a favorable reception from The Los Angeles Times, and Wired, and mixed reviews from The Independent. The book received criticism from some quarters, notably the Wall Street Journal, which felt that her thesis, which claimed to use games to "fix" everyday life by giving it a sense of achievement and making it seem more fulfilling and optimistic, made "overblown" claims from minor examples, and did not address conflicting individual goals and desires, or the influence of "evil". The New York Times Book Review also criticized some points in her book, calling out the lack of evidence demonstrating that in-game behavior and values could translate into solutions to real world problems such as poverty, disease and hunger. On September 15, 2015, <mask>'s second book, SuperBetter: A Revolutionary Approach to Getting Stronger, Happier, Braver, and More Resilient, was published by Penguin Press. It was #7 on the New York Times Best Seller: Advice, How-to and Miscellaneous List its debut week. <mask>'s third book, Imaginable: How to See the Future Coming and Feel Ready for Anything―Even Things That Seem Impossible Today, will be released on March 22, 2022. McGonigal has a chapter giving advice in Tim Ferriss' book Tools of Titans.Recognition
{| class="wikitable collapsible"
|-
! Date !! Award !! Description
|-
| 2010 || Named in O: The Oprah Magazine "2010 O Power List" || Named in O: The Oprah Magazine as one of 20 important women of 2010 on the "2010 O Power List"
|-
| 2008 || Named one of the Top 20 Most Important Women in videogaming ||
|-
| 2008 || South by Southwest Interactive Award for

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 Activism || Awarded for World Without Oil

|-
| 2006 || Listed on MIT Technology Review's TR100 || Named one of the world's top innovators under the age of 35 by MIT's Technology Review. |-
| 2005 || 2005 Innovation Award from the International Game Developers Association and a 2005 Games-related Webby Award. || For I Love Bees, the Halo 2 promotion. |}

PublicationsReality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World, , (20 January 2011)SuperBetter: A Revolutionary Approach to Getting Stronger, Happier, Braver and More Resilient'',  (15 September 2015).References

External links

 IT Conversations: Interview on Alternate Reality Gaming (2007)
 Game Changer: A Talk with <mask> (2011)
 Mother Jones: Wii Shall Overcome (2011)
 Hollywood Reporter: How Video Games Can Change Your Life (2012)
 How Gaming Can Make A Better World: Ted Talk (2010)

1977 births
American video game designers
Living people
Writers from Philadelphia
San Francisco Art Institute faculty
University of California, Berkeley faculty
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Game researchers
21st-century American women writers
Twin people from the United States
Women video game designers
Women video game developers
Pervasive games
Identical twins
American women


title: John Brereton Barlow

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<mask> (24 October 1924 – 10 December 2008) was a world-renowned South African cardiologist. He qualified as a doctor in 1951, gained experience as a registrar in Hammersmith Hospital and the Royal Postgraduate Medical School in London. In the late 1950s he returned to South Africa to Johannesburg Hospital where he became Professor of Cardiology in the research unit and carried out significant studies on cardiac disorders as well as discovering the cause of a well known mitral valve disorder. He gives his name to <mask>'s Syndrome. Professional life
<mask> commenced medical studies at the University of the Witwatersrand. However, shortly afterwards, in 1940 when South Africa became involved in World War II he enlisted in the military and spent time attached to British forces in North Africa and later the Fifth US Army in Italy. He returned to medical school in 1946 and graduated with MBBCh.in November 1951. <mask> served his internship and registrar posts in the Royal Imperial Hospital, Baragwanath Hospital and in 1955 set sail for England to sit his examination for membership of the Royal College of Physicians. He worked as SHO to Sheila Sherlock and medical registrar under Mr <mask> at Hammersmith Hospital and The Royal Post Graduate Medical School in London. It was during this time that <mask> became interested in auscultation and phonocardiography which led him to investigate non-ejection clicks and late systolic murmurs. The non-ejection click had long been thought to have an origin outside the heart. During his time at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School <mask> attended the postmortem examination of a patient who was known to have a 'click'. <mask> noticed that the man had a single fibrosed mitral valve chord, he also noted no abnormality outside the heart to account for the click.<mask>, by further investigation, was able to demonstrate that the cause of this widely known but little understood problem was due to a pathological

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title: John Brereton Barlow

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 condition of the mitral valve. This discovery by <mask> was controversial at the time and was met with scepticism by the cardiological community. His first paper on the subject was declined on the grounds that his assertions were extreme. A friend and former colleague persuaded <mask> to submit a shorter version of the paper to the Maryland State Medical Journal (of which his friend was a sub-editor) where it was published under the title "The Significance of Late Systolic Murmurs and Mid-Late Systolic Clicks". A second and ground-breaking paper was published in the American Heart Journal in October 1963. So significant was this paper that it became one of the most commonly cited papers in the AHJ and in 1983 was designated by the Institute for Scientific Information as a citation classic. In addition to his specialised work on the mitral valve he furthered research and published papers in other cardiac pathologies including the role of tricuspid regurgitation after mitral valve surgery; the role of a haemodynamic valve load as the origin of refractory heart failure in patients with active carditis; submitral aneurysm; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and the time course of "false positive stress ECGs"

In the late 1950s, <mask> had returned to South Africa to work at Johannesburg Hospital as a registrar.In 1960, he became a consultant physician in the cardiac research unit, in 1971 he was appointed director of the cardiology unit and named his newly commissioned cardiac catheterization unit the McMichael Unit in honour of his erstwhile mentor. In 1972, together with Margaret McClaren and others, he carried out a study on 12,000 schoolchildren of Soweto which demonstrated very high levels of rheumatic heart disease. When the paper was published in the British Medical Journal the international publicity highlighted the poor socio-economic conditions of the children living under the laws of apartheid, the South African government was critical

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title: John Brereton Barlow

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 of the study. In 1980 he was awarded a Professorship of Cardiology,(Ad Hominem) and continued in this post for a further 10 years to his retirement. <mask> was widely acknowledged by his peers as an excellent clinician who put great store in taking a careful medical history and a thorough physical examination. He tended not to trust medical tests and questioned medical orthodoxy in general. He treated people from all walks of life, from poor children from Soweto to President Nelson Mandela.Later in his career he found maintaining standards more difficult as other consultants either emigrated or moved to the private medicine sector, but even after his retirement he continued to support, advise, consult and supervise until a few months before his death. <mask> had a deserved international reputation for his knowledge of cardiac problems, specifically those associated with murmurs of the mitral valve. He described the development and mechanism of the 'click' and murmur and showed that they were caused by prolapse or billowing of the valve and mitral regurgitation respectively. He also described other pathological conditions of the mitral valve including associated regurgitation, abnormal changes of rhythms and associated abnormal electrocardiograph readings. In 1968 <mask> and Wendy Pocock co-authored a paper published by the British Heart Journal

Bibliography
Perspectives on the Mitral Valve F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, 1986. . The dedication reads — "To all the students who listen, look, touch and reflect: may they hear, see, feel and comprehend"

Personal life
<mask> was the son of Lancelot <mask>, a South African who studied medicine in England and returned to South Africa to work as a medical pathologist.His mother was Madeline Dicks who Lancelot met while studying medicine. Educated at St John's College (Johannesburg, South Africa), where he excelled as a sportsman - especially rugby. He had a reputation for flouting the

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title: John Brereton Barlow

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 rules. As a medical student he was fond of referring to rare or bizarre medical conditions, this earned him the nickname 'Canary' alluding to the fact that canaries are rare in South Africa, <mask>, in a tribute to this name (and his eccentricity) kept canaries outside his office. <mask> married Shelagh Cox in 1949 and they had two sons, <mask> and Clifford William who are medical consultants in dermatology and cardio-thoracic surgery respectively and working in the United Kingdom. Awards
Among many local and international awards made to <mask> are the following:

 Walter Bleifield Award for Distinguished Contribution in the Field of Clinical Research in Clinical Cardiology from the International Society of Heart Failure. Louis and Artur Lucian Award for Outstanding Research in the Field of Diseases of the Circulation from McGill University in Montreal.First Recipient of Award for Distinguished Contributions to National and International Cardiology from the South African Cardiac Society in Johannesburg. Percy Fox Foundation National Award for Outstanding Work as an Internationally Recognized Authority in Cardiology. Annual Laennec Society Lectureship from the American Heart Association. Annual St Cyres Lectureship, National Heart Hospital in London and British Cardiac Society. André Allard Medal for Distinguished Service to Medicine from the International Academy of Aviation and Space Medicine. The Seymour Lectureship and Medal for Distinguished Service to International Medicine from Wesley Medical Center, Wichita, Kansas. President's Medal for Distinguished Contributions to International Cardiology from the National Council of the South Africa Cardiac Society.Honorary Research Fellowship from the University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. References

South African people of British descent
People from Johannesburg
South African cardiologists
1924 births
2008 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Johannesburg
Physicians of Hammersmith

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title: Francesco De Gregori

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<mask>MRI (born 4 April 1951) is an Italian singer-songwriter. In Italy, he is popularly known as "Il Principe dei cantautori" ("The Prince of the singer-songwriters"), a nickname referring to the elegance of his lyrics. He is often referred as singer-songwriter and poet, although he prefers to be identified simply as "artist". Biography

1970s
<mask> was born in Rome to a middle-class family, to Giorgio and Rita Grechi, and he spent some of his youth in Pescara before returning to the capital. His elder brother, Luigi, was a musician and had a personal career with the name of Luigi Grechi (the mother's surname), chosen later to avoid confusion with the more famous <mask>. Influenced by Bob Dylan, Leonard Cohen and the Italian singer-songwriter Fabrizio de André, <mask> started to perform his songs (mainly personal translations of American folk songs) at the Folkstudio, in Rome, which was already frequented by his brother. On one occasion <mask> himself is said to have listened to <mask>'s work and appreciated it.Later <mask>i formed a band with his friends Antonello Venditti, Mimmo Locasciulli and Giorgio Lo Cascio, who all had success as singer-songwriters in the following years. <mask> made his debut as a professional singer in 1972 with Theorius Campus, in collaboration with Venditti. The LP included the early masterpiece "Signora Aquilone" ("Kite Lady"), but Venditti had more songs and, having a better voice, earned better consideration by the label. The duo subsequently broke up. <mask>'s next album, Alice non lo sa (1973), was a commercial failure. However, the title-track, the mysterious "Alice", scored some success in several popular music shows and is still included amongst his best works today. The 1974 album <mask> Gregori (also known as the "Sheep" due to

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title: Francesco De Gregori

texts: the unusual cover by Gordon Fagetter) showed even more experimental and sometimes obscure lyrics, and again was a failure.RCA Music, however, continued to trust in <mask>'s qualities: this trust was repaid the following year, when <mask>i released one of the most successful Italian LPs of the 1970s, Rimmel. This work contained several of his most famous songs: this time <mask>'s talent for unusual and poetic lyrics intermingled in a more mature way with the music. Lucio Dalla provided musical ideas for "Pablo", the unusual story of a Spanish immigrant in Switzerland. Jazzy themes were present in songs like "Quattro cani" ("Four Dogs") and "Le storie di ieri" ("The Stories of Yesterday"). The latter, a song about the years of Fascism, had been already released on <mask>'s 1974 album Volume 8, as it had been written during a stay in the Genoese singer's Sardinian estate. Bufalo Bill (1976) confirmed <mask>'s qualities, and contained at least two classics: the eponymous song and "Santa Lucia", the singer's own favourite. However, during a concert held in Milan in 1976, <mask>, who had always declared his inclination to left-wing ideas and ideals, was fiercely contested by a group of extreme left agitators.In a mock "trial", they accused him of using a left-wing message solely to sell records and insisted that music should be free. <mask>i was at risk of injury in the fray, and decided to quit his musical career. During the following two years he therefore worked as a bookstore and music shop clerk. The episode, known as the "Palalido incident", influenced several works by other Italian singer-songwriters, such as Roberto Vecchioni's "Vaudeville". The "Palalido incident" was one of a number of such incidents. At this time, <mask>i married Alessandra Gobbi whom he had known

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 since High School, and they had two sons, Marco and Federico. In 1978, however, he returned with another inspired album, De Gregori, containing one of his most famous songs, "Generale".He declared that he felt this song much too important for him to continue staying away from the music world. The following year he joined his old friend Lucio Dalla with a highly successful live tour, entitled Banana Republic, and published a studio LP, Viva l'Italia featuring American musicians. The title track was later adopted as the Italian Socialist Party song, but <mask>i always opposed this choice. 1980s
After a pause of several years, <mask>i returned with the album Titanic, the first part of which was like a concept album devoted to the famous episode of the sinking of the eponymous liner. The ballad "San Lorenzo", with a rare piano performance by <mask>i, concerns the dramatic episode of the bombing during World War II of the quarter in Rome by Allied planes. The freshness of the music and lyrics made this an outstanding commercial success, as well as earning the praise of critics. Titanic has been recently declared the best Italian LP of the period 1975–2005, in a poll conducted for the authoritative Italian newspaper Il Corriere della Sera.The following year de Gregori released a mini-LP containing his most long-standing success, La Donna Cannone. The 1985 album Scacchi e tarocchi ("Chess and Tarots"), was not as successful, but contained another classic, "La Storia" ("History"). <mask>i's new melancholic inspiration was confirmed by the subsequent Terra di nessuno ("No man's Land"). On the other hand, Miramare 19-4-89 showed a more bitter mood, but again was not as successful as his albums of the 1970s and early 1980s. 1990s and 2000s

<mask>i recovered his bestseller status

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texts: in 1992 with Canzoni d'amore ("Love Songs"). In the 1990s he released fewer studio albums than collections and live albums. His next original work was Prendere e lasciare ("Take and Leave", 1996): from this point his song and his musical performance were marked by an increasing Bob Dylan influence.Il bandito e il campione of 1993 was a live collection that had remarkable success: the title track, its only studio song, was sung by <mask>i but the lyrics were by his brother Luigi Grechi. The title track of La valigia dell'attore ("The Actor's Suitcase", 1998) showed <mask>i at the best of his poetical and emotional capabilities again. The rest of the album, however, contained old pieces, plus some Dylan covers. In 2001 <mask> released his next studio album, Amore nel pomeriggio ("Love in the Afternoon") which is unanimously included amongst his best works. The song "Il cuoco di Salò" ("The Cook of Salò"), arranged by Franco Battiato, is one of <mask>i's best and shows his typical attention to "everyday" figures (including outcasts and underdogs) and lives while dealing with historical themes. Il fischio del vapore ("The Whistle of the Steam", 2002) was a collaboration with the folksinger Giovanna Marini, who had already worked with <mask>i in a song for Titanic. The album is a collection of old popular and social Italian songs from the 19th and the early 20th centuries.A biography of <mask> Gregori, "Quello che non so, lo so cantare" ("What I Don't Know, I Know How to Sing"), edited by <mask>ibus, was published by Giunti in 2003. In 2005, <mask>i won the Targa Tenco for the best Italian album of the year with Pezzi, an album with strong rock elements. In February 2006, only eleven months after the release of Pezzi, <mask>i released a new studio album, Calypsos, with nine

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 previously unreleased tracks. Amongst these was "Cardiologia" ("Cardiology"), a song where the Roman singer-songwriter returns to using the words  "Ti amo" ("I love you"), more than thirty years after "Pezzi di Vetro", and the song "Per le strade di Roma" ("By the Streets of Rome"), which outlines a merciless picture of the Rome of the third millennium, archetypical of the Italy of today. In November 2006 a triple CD Tra un manifesto e lo specchio that collected together his most representative tracks was released. As well as the celebrated track "Diamante" ("Diamond"), this contained pieces written for Zucchero and included on his album Oro incenso e birra ("Gold, Incense and Beer"), a demo of "Mannaggia alla musica" ("Damn to the Music") from 1979, originally written for Ron and previously presented on the live album Bootleg, and the B-side of the single "Viva l'Italia" ("Long Live Italy"), the celebrated "Banana Republic", sung without Lucio Dalla. 2010s

2010 opens with the news (given on 2 January) of a new set of concerts with De Gregori and Lucio Dalla, over thirty years since the splendor of Banana Republic, at the Vox Club Nonantola, with the name "Work in progress".The concert, which becomes sold out in advance, opens another series of concerts that are announced on the occasion of the date of Nonantola, and that will be held in May in Milan and Rome; during the evening the two presented, in addition to known songs, a new song called "Non basta saper cantare" and announce also the release of their new album called "Work in Progress". On 22 March 2010, Dalla and <mask>i lead the new TV show on Rai 2, entitled Due, during which they perform individually and in duets, covers and songs from their repertoires. On 1 May 2011 the duo played at the May Day Concert in


title: Giampaolo Coral

texts:
<mask> (Trieste, 22 January 1944 – Trieste, 17 February 2011) was an Italian composer. Life
<mask> began his musical career at age 14 as an organist in his native city of Trieste. After graduating in piano at the Benedetto Marcello Conservatory in Venice, he began his career as a substitute teacher at the Teatro Comunale Giuseppe Verdi in Trieste (1967–1973) and as a music consultant to the Teatro Stabile del Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto Teatro (1977–1985). He was also active as a choir director and as a teacher of "choral exercises" at the Giuseppe Tartini Conservatory of Music in Trieste (1971–2001). From 1982 he was a member of the Società Italiana degli Autori ed Editori the Italian Society of Authors and Publishers (SIAE). <mask> was essentially self-taught, but his spiritual teachers were Arnold Schönberg and Franco Donatoni, with whom he had a long friendship. He was the Artistic Director of the City of Trieste Music Prize, an international competition of musical composition and a member of the Federation of International Music Competitions of Geneva.In 1987 he founded an association in Trieste (Chromas – the Association of Contemporary Music), where he served as the Artistic Director. The same year, through the Chromas Association, he created the festival entitled "Trieste Prima – International Encounters with Contemporary Music." From 1995 to 2004 he was Artistic Director of the Music Sector of 'Trieste Contemporanea' (www.triestecontemporanea.it). In 1970 he made his debut in Germany, with his first orchestral work, "Requiem for Jan Palach and others"(1969), performed by the Stadt- Symphonie Orchester, Gelsenkirchen and then in 1971 in his hometown, at the Teatro Comunale Giuseppe Verdi, with "Magnificat" for soprano

masks:
Giampaolo Coral
Coral
Giampaolo Coral


title: Thomas G:son

texts:
<mask> (born 25 February 1968), better known by the stage name <mask>:son, is a Swedish composer and musician. He is best known for the ninety-nine songs he has written for national finals of twelve countries for the Eurovision Song Contest (ESC): sixty-one for Sweden, eleven for Spain, six for Norway, five for Denmark and Finland, three for Georgia, two for Poland & Malta, and one each for Cyprus, Latvia, Romania and Belgium. He reached the milestone of 60 entries at Melodifestivalen at Melodifestivalen 2020. He has also reached the Eurovision Song Contest thirteen times, three times each for Sweden, Spain, and Georgia, twice for Cyprus and once each for Norway, Denmark and Malta. In 2012, G:son achieved his first victory as a winning composer at the Eurovision Song Contest with the entry "Euphoria". G:son is from Skövde, Västergötland, Sweden. He has been a full-time songwriter since 1998.In addition to writing and composing songs in many musical genres for a living, he plays the guitar in the hard rock band, Masquerade. Eurovision Song Contest

Junior Eurovision Entries

National final entries

Melodifestivalen entries (Sweden)

"Natten är min vän" by Cleo Nilsson (1999), 8th place
"Lyssna till ditt hjärta" ("Listen To Your Heartbeat") by Friends (2001), 1st place (5th at ESC 2001)
"Vem é dé du vill ha?" by Kikki, Lotta & Bettan (2002), 3rd place
"Ingenting är större än vi" by Arvingarna

masks:
Thomas Gustafsson
Thomas G


title: Norm Sartorius

texts:
<mask> (born 1947) is an American woodworker who carves fine art spoons in many styles including natural, biomorphic, abstract, symbolic, ethnic, and ceremonial. His works are in the permanent collections of the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Renwick Gallery, the Yale University Art Gallery, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and other public and private collections. He is a frequent participant in woodworking and craft shows in America, and won the Award of Excellence in Wood at the 2015 American Craft Council show in Baltimore and the 2015 Smithsonian Craft Show in Washington, DC. Since 2008, he has co-directed a grant-funded research project on the life, work, and legacy of American woodworker Emil Milan. Early life and education
Born in Salisbury, MD, Sartorius grew up on Maryland's Eastern Shore, the son of a country doctor. In interviews, he said that the arts were not emphasized in his family, but he was highly attuned to nature as a child. He received his BA in Psychology from Western Maryland College (now McDaniel College) in 1969, then worked as a psychiatric social worker for five years at Spring Grove State Hospital in Catonsville, MD.He changed careers and completed an apprenticeship with crafters Phil and Sandye Jurus (Jurus Studio, Baltimore, MD), who had studied with Emil Milan. There, he learned how to make small functional wooden items, including spoons. Early career
In the mid-1970s, he moved to rural West Virginia and started selling wooden works including cutting boards, pie servers, canes, knife racks, and spoons at regional craft fairs. At Winterfair, an annual Ohio Designer Craftsmen show in Columbus, Ohio, he met studio furniture maker Bobby Reed Falwell, who encouraged him to focus on spoons and to see spoons as small sculptures. He was an assistant for 18 months at Falwell's studio in Murray, KY in 1980-81. Early exhibitions of his fine art spoons included the West Virginia Craft Exhibit at the Union Carbide Gallery, New York City (1977) and an invitational exhibit of West Virginia


title: Norm Sartorius

texts:
 Smithsonian Craft Show; the American Craft Council Fairs (principally Baltimore and Atlanta); the Philadelphia Museum of Art Craft Show; the American Craft Exposition (Evanston, IL); the West Palm Beach Craft Show; and Craft Boston, among  others.He has won the Award of Excellence for wood at the Smithsonian Craft Show four times, most recently in 2015. He won the Collectors of Wood Art Award for Excellence at the American Craft Council Baltimore show in February 2015. He has aso won the Best of Show award and the Wharton Esherick Award at the Philadelphia Museum of Art Craft Show; and Best In Wood awards at both the Washington Craft Expo and the American Craft Exposition in Evanston, IL. In 2014, he was awarded a Fellowship by the Tamarack Artisan Foundation for lifetime achievement in the arts. Exhibitions
Beyond Boundaries (2014)
Sponsored by the Collectors of Wood Art and curated by Emily Zilber, Decorative Arts Curator, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, the Beyond Boundaries exhibit was held at the Sculptural Objects and Functional Art (SOFA Chicago) show, November 2014. It included Sartorius' work "Monument Valley" carved from Australian flame sheoak burl. Nature in Craft (2013)
Three spoons by Sartorius were in the Nature in Craft exhibit at the Wayne Art Center, Wayne, PA,  December 2013 to January 2014.The exhibit sought to trace how artists incorporate nature in their works through material, concept and execution. Across the Grain (2013)
The Fuller Craft Museum, Brockton, MA, drew from turned and carved works, including eight spoons by Sartorius for the Across the Grain exhibit held April 10 – September 10, 2013. Poplar Culture (2012)
Celebrating a poplar tree that for decades graced Wharton Esherick's studio, the Wharton Esherick Museum distributed the wood to more than 40 woodworkers including <mask>, who carved three spoons inspired by Esherick's unique studio furniture. The exhibit was held May–June 2012 at Historic Yellow Springs, Chester Springs, PA.

What is Beautiful? (2012)
An exhibit at SOFA


title: Norm Sartorius

texts:
 Chicago curated by Charlotte Wainwright, founding Director of the Gregg Museum of Art & Design, included two sculptural spoons by Sartorius entitled "Beneath The Surface" and "Classic, 2011." Is Ornament a Crime? (2010)
Curated by Cindi Straus, Director, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, this exhibit was held at SOFA Chicago, November 2010.Sponsored by the Collectors of Wood Art, this exhibit re-examined the role of decoration in wood art. A Revolution in Wood (2010)
In 2010, the Smithsonian American Art Museum held a major exhibition of the collection of wood art by Fleur and Charles Bressler entitled A Revolution In Wood. The exhibit included six spoons by Sartorius, opened in the Renwick Gallery September 24, 2010 and ran through January 30, 2011 in Washington, DC. A Gathering of Spoons (2010)
<mask> extensive collection of carved wooden spoons was the focus of an exhibit entitled "A Gathering of Spoons" held at the Gallery of Wood Art, St. Paul, MN, March 2 to May 24, 2010. A symposium on the exhibit was held at the American Association of Woodturners annual meeting, Hartford, CT, June 18 – 20, 2010. DysFUNctional (2008-2011)
The Center for Art in Wood's seventh "Challenge" to wood artists led to an exhibit of highly creative, often humorous, and entirely nonfunctional works entitled "DysFUNctional". Held at the Center in Philadelphia, PA, October 3, 2008 - January 17, 2009, the exhibit included Sartorius' work Old and In the Way made from desert wood from Texas.The exhibit toured five other venues across the US from 2009-2011. Yale Collects Wood (2002)
Pat Kane, Curator of American Decorative Arts at the Yale University Art Gallery drew from the gifts of John and Robyn Horn to create the exhibit Yale Collects Wood. "Wood--Small Treasures (2000-2002, 2004, 2006-2007, 2009)
A series of exhibits held at del Mano Gallery, Los Angeles, California, have showcased smaller works by leading artists in wood.Woodturning in North America Since 1930 (2001-2002)
A collaboration between the Center for Art in Wood and the


title: Norm Sartorius

texts:
 Year of American Craft," resulting several regional traveling exhibits. Sartorius' works were included in the exhibits at the Huntington Museum of Art, Huntington, WV; West Virginia Department of Cultural and History, Charleston;; Sunrise Museums, Charleston; and the Governor's Mansion, State of West Virginia. Major works

Permanent collections
Works by Sartorius are in permanent collections of many museums including the Arkansas Arts Center; the Carnegie Museum of Art (PA); the Center for Art in Wood (PA); the Fuller Craft Museum (MA); the Minneapolis Institute of Arts; the Museum of Art and Design (NY); the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (TX); the Philadelphia Museum of Art; the Racine Art Museum (WI); the Smithsonian American Art Museum's Renwick Gallery (DC); and the Yale University Art Gallery (CT). The Emil Milan research project
Since 2008, Sartorius has collaborated with woodworkers Phil Jurus and Barry Gordon on a research project focused on the life, work, and legacy of American master craftsman Emil Milan. Funded by a grant from the Center for Craft, Creativity, and Design, the Emil Milan Research Project has resulted in an article in Woodwork magazine and a research report containing extensive biographical and archival material. Sartorius played a major role in curating the exhibit entitled Emil Milan: Midcentury Designer Craftsman held at the Henry Gallery on the campus of Penn State Great Valley in Malvern, PA June 9 – September 26, 2014. The exhibit, which included works by Sartorius, traveled to the Center for Art in Wood in Philadelphia and was expanded to include 19 artists influenced by Milan.The exhibit,  entitled Rediscovering Emil Milan and his Circle of Influence, was  held at the Center November 7, 2014 – January 24, 2015. <mask> was a speaker and panelist at a symposium held in conjunction with the exhibit focusing on Milan’s life, work, and influence. Notes

References

1947 births
American woodcarvers
Living people
Artists from Maryland
Artists from West Virginia
Western Maryland


title: Jim Dwyer (journalist)

texts:
<mask> (March 4, 1957October 8, 2020) was an American journalist and author. He was a reporter and columnist with The New York Times, and the author or co-author of six non-fiction books. A native New Yorker, Dwyer wrote columns for New York Newsday and the New York Daily News before joining the Times. He appeared in the 2012 documentary film Central Park Five and was portrayed on stage in Nora Ephron's Lucky Guy (2013). Dwyer had won the Pulitzer Prize in 1995 for his "compelling and compassionate columns about New York City" and was also a member of the New York Newsday team that won the 1992 Pulitzer for spot news reporting for coverage of a subway derailment in Manhattan. Biography
<mask> was born on March 4, 1957, in Manhattan, one of four sons of Philip and Mary (née Molloy) <mask>, who were Irish Catholic immigrants. Dwyer graduated from the Msgr.William R. Kelly School in 1971. At the Loyola School, he played several sports, joined the drama club, was editor of the school newspaper and graduated in 1975. He later attended Fordham University where he earned a bachelor’s degree in general science, in 1979. While in Fordham, future Governor of New York Andrew Cuomo was his classmate. In 1980, he received a master’s degree from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. Dwyer married Catherine Muir, a professor of computer sciences, in 1981. They had two daughters; Maura <mask> and Catherine Elizabeth <mask>.Dwyer died on October 8, 2020, at the age of 63, due to complications of lung cancer. Career
In 1992, Dwyer was a member of a team at New York Newsday that won the Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Reporting for their coverage of the 1991 Union Square derailment, and in 1995, as a columnist with New York Newsday, he received the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary for compassionate and compelling columns about New York

masks:
Jim Dwyer
Dwyer
Dwyer
Dwyer
Dwyer


title: Jim Dwyer (journalist)

texts:
 City. Besides The New York Times and Newsday, he worked at the Hudson Dispatch, the Elizabeth Daily Journal, The Record of Hackensack, and the New York Daily News. He joined the Times in May 2001 and contributed to the paper's coverage of the September 11 attacks, the invasion of Iraq, and how intelligence was allegedly manipulated to create the illusion that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction. He was the About New York columnist at the Times from April 2007 until his death in 2020. Works
<mask> is the author or co-author of six non-fiction books, including the below:

More Awesome Than Money
More Awesome Than Money: Four Boys, Three Years, and a Chronicle of Ideals and Ambition in Silicon Valley (published November 2015), is a non-fiction account of four boys who set out to combat Facebook’s monopoly on social media by building an alternative social network called Diaspora. Writing in The Daily Beast, Jake Whitney described the book as "a thrilling read, astoundingly detailed and researched, alternately suspenseful and heartbreaking."The book follows the four New York University undergraduates as they are inspired by the law professor and historian Eben Moglen to create a better social network, through a deluge of support they receive on Kickstarter in 2010, the death of co-founder Ilya Zhitomirskiy in 2011, up until the transfer of the project in 2013 to a community of free software developers who continue to refine it. Their work is placed in the context of the dynamic relationships between the open web, digital surveillance, and free society, and the continuing efforts of groups like the Mozilla Foundation to prevent domination of the web by commercial interests. "In the shadows, more and more idealists express their opposition in code — hackers with a moral compass," Marcus Brauchli wrote in The Washington Post,


title: Jim Dwyer (journalist)

texts:
 co-written with Kevin Flynn, an editor at The New York Times Company, was a 2005 National Book Award finalist. The book chronicled the 102 minutes that the twin towers of the World Trade Center stood after the attacks of September 11, 2001, began. The sources included interviews with survivors, tapes of police and fire operations, 911 calls, and other material obtained under freedom of information requests including 20,000 pages of tape transcripts, oral histories, and other documents. Actual Innocence and Two Seconds Under the World
Dwyer co-authored Actual Innocence: Five Days to Execution and Other Dispatches from the Wrongly Convicted (2000), a "pathbreaking" exploration of the causes of wrongful convictions.More than a decade after its publication, according to an article in the University of Chicago Law Review: "As had never been done before, Actual Innocence presented story after story of wrongful convictions (and near executions) of the indisputably innocent, with each chapter devoted to exposing each of these flaws in the justice system. Actual Innocence was nothing short of a revelation, a wake-up call concerning the reality of wrongful convictions and the truth-telling power of DNA evidence. It was not merely descriptive; it was also prescriptive, setting out a lengthy recipe of reforms needed to prevent future wrongful convictions." <mask> was the co-author of Two Seconds Under the World (1994), an account of the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center that explored the early signs of fundamentalist terrorism, and poor coordination by investigating agencies, including the FBI. Subway Lives
<mask> is the author of Subway Lives: 24 Hours in the Life of the New York Subways (1991), which the critic Jonathan Yardley said was "as good a book about New York as you could hope to find." It follows the lives of six New

masks: Dwyer Dwyer


title: Stanford Lipsey

texts:
<mask> (October 8, 1927 – November 1, 2016) was an American, journalist, photographer, and newspaper publisher. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska. His parents, Molly Brick and <mask>, were Jewish Russian immigrants. Lipsey was educated at the Omaha Central High School and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1948. Background and career
Lipsey got his first experience in the newspaper business as a photographer for his high school newspaper, the Central High Register. Later, he was the photography editor for his university yearbook, at the University of Michigan. During the Korean War, he was editor of the Air Pulse newspaper at Offutt Air Force Base, while serving in the Air Force Reserve.in 1953, Lipsey began working at the Omaha Sun, a chain of weekly newspapers that comprised seven paid and five free newspapers in Omaha, Nebraska. He worked as a photographer and writer. Later, he purchased the Sun. In 1969, he sold the struggling newspapers to Berkshire Hathaway, led by Warren Buffett, but remained there, as president and publisher. He became vice president, in 1988, of Berkshire Hathaway, as they continued to try to increase profitability. In 1972, the staff of the Sun Newspapers won the John Hancock Award for Excellence in Business Writing, and the Pulitzer Prize for Local Investigative Specialized Reporting, for their series of stories about Boys Town, which led to reforms of the organization. The Pulitzer Prize was the first time that the prize had been awarded to a small newspaper.In 2008 The Omaha Press Club inducted the (former) Omaha Sun Newspapers, into their initial Journalists of Excellence Hall of Fame for the team's work on the Boys Town series. Berkshire sold the Sun in 1980 and publication ceased three years later, after a legal battle with their competitor, the Omaha World-Herald. After Berkshire purchased the Buffalo Evening News in 1977, Lipsey traveled to Buffalo, at Buffett's request, and later served as publisher of the Buffalo News for 30 years. Lipsey was named as publisher emeritus in 2012. Philanthropy
Lipsey was well known

masks:
Stanford Lipsey
Jacob Lipsey


title: Stanford Lipsey

texts:
 in Buffalo as a publisher, but an article written about him by the Community Foundation for Greater Buffalo summed up his life of philanthropy with the words:

Some of his charitable works and awards he received include:

 1989 the New York State Governor's Arts Award from NY Governor Mario Cuomo for sponsoring the longest running free jazz concert series in the country: The annual summer Buffalo News Jazz at Albright-Knox Concert. As of 2016, it had run each summer for 35 years. 1997 Spirit of Wright Award for leading the largest Frank Lloyd Wright restoration project: the Darwin Martin House, in Buffalo, NY.The largest restoration project in the world. 1998 the New York State Governor's Parks, Preservation, and Historic Restoration Award from NYS Governor, George Pataki. 2011 Lipsey established the Central High School Foundation where he attended high school in Omaha, NE. 2016 <mask> (legacy donor) and his wife made a multi-million dollar donor to the preservation and restoration of the Richardson Olmsted Complex, in Buffalo, NY. He had advocated fundraising in 2006 with Governor George Pataki. Lipsey established a Charitable Remainder Trust, and in 2016 the proceeds were paid to the Jewish Federation of Omaha, for the benefit of The Jewish Press. Lipsey served the community, not just with charitable giving, but as a public servant too.The Desert Sun published an extensive list of board memberships in his obituary, as shown below:

"Lipsey served on the boards of the American Newspaper Publisher Association, Artpark & Company, Buffalo Niagara Partnership, Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra Board, Buffalo State College Foundation, Business Council of New York State, Canisius College, Greater Buffalo Development Foundation, Jewish Foundation of WNY, Junior League Decorator Show House, Korean War National Museum, Marine Midland Bank, Martin House Restoration Corporation, National Conference of Christians and Jews, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Nebraska/Iowa Chapter, Newspaper Advertising Bureau, Richardson Restoration Corporation, Roswell Park


title: Stanford Lipsey

texts:
 Comprehensive Cancer Center Community Council, the University of Buffalo Foundation, and the Guide Dogs of the Desert in Palm Springs, CA, that led to the adoption of his loyal dog, Linus. He was also a MacCallum Theatre Founder's Member, and a member of Morningside Country Club." Personal life and death
Lipsey had a passion for the arts, and was an accomplished photographer, having a special appreciation for architecture and landscapes. His photography was exhibited at 13 museum and gallery exhibitions, including his alma mater, the University of Michigan, at the James and Anne Duderstadt Center Art Gallery. The exhibit, titled "Affinity of Form" featured 48 large-scale images that had been published by powerHouse books. Lipsey was widely respected and his philanthropic endeavors supported a broad range of community service ranging from historic preservation to assistance for the SPCA. After learning of his death, U.S. Sen. Charles Schumer referred to Lipsey as "Buffalos true guardian angel" and NY Governor Andrew Cuomo said, "Today, we lost a great New Yorker, but as we mourn his loss, we can find comfort that he was able to see his dream for Buffalo in action.There was no better friend to Buffalo than Stan Lipsey, and for that, we will always be grateful." His death was memorialized in a tribute to his life and contributions to the community by members of the New York State Senate in a NY Senate Resolution: "Mourning the death of <mask>, veteran, philanthropist, Pulitzer Prize acclaimed publisher and former publisher of the Buffalo News." Lipsey was married twice: first to Jeanne Blacker, and secondly to Judith Hojnacki. He had a son and a daughter from his first marriage. He resided in Rancho Mirage, California, where he died on November 1, 2016. References

1927 births
2016 deaths
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
Newspaper people from Omaha, Nebraska
People from Rancho Mirage, California
University of Michigan alumni
20th-century American newspaper publishers (people)
21st-century American newspaper publishers (people)
Omaha Central High


title: Michael Burawoy

texts:
<mask> (born  15 June 1947) is a sociologist working within Marxist social theory, best known as the leading proponent of public sociology and the author of Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism—a study on the sociology of industry that has been translated into a number of languages. <mask> is a Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was president of the American Sociological Association in 2004. In 2006–2010, he was one of the vice-presidents for the Committee of National Associations of the International Sociological Association (ISA). In the XVII ISA World Congress of Sociology he was elected the 17th President of the International Sociological Association (ISA) for the period 2010–2014. Biography
<mask> was born on 15 June 1947. Graduating as a mathematics student from the University of Cambridge in 1968, Burawoy went on to pursue postgraduate study in the newly independent African nation of Zambia, while simultaneously working as a researcher for Anglo American PLC.Completing a master's degree at the University of Zambia in 1972, Burawoy enrolled as a doctoral student at the University of Chicago, finishing a sociology dissertation with an ethnography of Chicago industrial workers, later to become Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Labor Process Under Monopoly Capitalism. Burawoy joined the Department of Sociology, University of California, Berkeley in 1976 as an assistant professor. He served as Chair of the Department of Sociology for 1996-98, and 2000-02. Aside from Burawoy's sociological study of the industrial workplace in Zambia, Burawoy has studied

masks:
Michael Burawoy
Burawoy
Burawoy


title: Cheryl Cox

texts:
<mask> (born 1949) was the mayor of Chula Vista, California, from 2006 to 2014. She received both a master's degree in political science and a doctorate in education, and moved on to working for Chula Vista Elementary School District as a teacher, principal, and administrator. She is a Republican, and ran for mayor in November 2006 against the incumbent mayor Steve Padilla and Councilman Steve Castaneda, beating both in the election. Biography

Early life and education
<mask> was born Ceryl Willet. She was born in Florida. She is the daughter of retired United States Navy Officer, John Willett. <mask> moved to Virginia, before later moving to San Diego County, California.<mask>, and her husband of 30 years, San Diego County Supervisor and former Chula Vista Mayor <mask>, have two daughters, Elizabeth and Emmie. Both <mask> and her two daughters graduated from Chula Vista's Hilltop High School. <mask> received a bachelor's degree from the University of San Diego, a master's degree in political science from San Diego State University and a doctorate in education from the University of Southern California. Career
She worked for 30 years as a teacher, principal, and administrator in the Chula Vista Elementary School District; she was also an assistant professor at National University before being elected to the Chula Vista Elementary School District Board of Trustees in 2000. <mask> served as a member of the City of Chula Vista Charter Review Commission, Nature Center Board of Trustees and the President of the Sharp Chula Vista Medical Center Board of Directors. Her membership of the Chula Vista Charter Review Commission began in 2002. Her membership of the

masks:
Cheryl Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Greg Cox
Cheryl
Cox
Cox


title: Cheryl Cox

texts:
 Chula Vista Medical Center Board of Directors lasted nine years, and included a stint as its president.<mask> also served on Chula Vista's Ad Hoc Committee for Campaign Finance Reform, which made revisions to clarifications to the city's campaign finance regulations which were adopted by its city council. From 2003 through 2005, <mask> was an inaugural member of an independent ten-member Urban Development Committee which created a recommended plan of how the city could productively use redevelopment to its advantage, submitting its plan to the Chula Vista City Council in 2005. Mayoralty

Election
<mask>, a Republican, was elected the 39th mayor of Chula Vista, the second largest city in San Diego County, in November 2006 in a runoff vote against incumbent mayor Steve Padilla. In the June 2006 primary election, she garnered 40.5% of the vote to then-mayor Steve Padilla's 30.8%, and Councilman Steve Castaneda's 24.8% of the vote. With no candidate securing a majority of the vote, the top two finishers, <mask> and Padilla, advanced to a runoff, which <mask> won. In the election, <mask> received endorsements from the Deputy Sheriffs' Association of San Diego County, Lincoln Club of San Diego, and San Diego County Apartment Association. In addition to these organizations she was endorsed by several Republican politicians, including her husband <mask>, Shirley Horton, Darrell Issa, George Plescia, Mark Wyland.Tenure

While mayor, <mask> was a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition, an organization formed in 2006 and co-chaired by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg and Boston mayor Thomas Menino. During <mask>'s first term, major setbacks were

masks:
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Greg Cox
Cox
Cox


title: Cheryl Cox

texts:
 dealt to the city's important waterfront redevelopment plan. Also during <mask>'s first term, there were negotiations with the San Diego Chargers, which was considering building a stadium i the city. However, leadership of the team began publicly feuding with <mask>, which openly made it clear that they preferred to negotiate with city councilman John McCann over <mask>, with the team's Special Counsel Mark Fabiani going as far as to deride <mask> as a "weak mayor in a weak-mayor city". The city experienced financial difficulties during <mask>'s tenure, teetering on the brink of bankruptcy. A 1% citywide tax increase she had supported to help resolve the city's finances was heavily defeated by voters in May 2009, receiving 32.5% support and 67.5% opposition at the special election held on the measure. <mask> had success in raising the city's credit rating.Despite the troubles of her first term, <mask>, won re-election for Mayor in the June 2010 Primary election in a three-person race by winning 56.3% of the vote, her opponent Councilman Steve Castaneda garnered 29.6% and Jorge Dominguez received 13.6% of the vote. San Diego D.A. investigations of <mask>'s political rivals
In April 2007, the Public Integrity Unit of San Diego District Attorney Bonnie Dumanis began prosecuting political opponents of <mask>. Patrick O'Toole, who had previously been appointed as US Attorney for San Diego by Attorney General John Ashcroft, headed the unit. O'Toole prosecuted a staffer for mayor Steven Padilla who had taken two hours off work in an effort to get a photograph of <mask> with her disgraced family friend David Malcolm at a twilight yacht party fundraiser for

masks:
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cox
Cheryl Cox
Cheryl Cox