title: Aaron Cleveland

texts:
 newspaper, the Pennsylvania Gazette on August 18, 1757:

On Thursday last (11th) died here Rev. Mr. <mask>, lately appointed to the Mission at Newcastle by the Society for propagating the Gospel. As he was a gentleman of humane and pious disposition, indefatigable in his ministry, easy and affable in his conversation, open and sincere in his friendship, and above every species of meanness and dissimulation, his death is greatly lamented by all who knew him as a loss to the Church of Christ in general, and in particular to that congregation who had proposed to themselves so much satisfaction from his late appointment among them, agreeably to their own earnest request. <mask> was the first minister for St. Matthew's United Church (Halifax) in Halifax, Nova Scotia.He is the great-grandfather of the president of United States, Grover <mask>. Family
While in England, <mask> became satisfied that the original spelling of the family name was “<mask>,” as he and his descendants have since written it, while other American branches of the family generally retain the form “Cleaveland.”

As noted above, in 1739 <mask> married Susannah Porter, who in addition to being the daughter of <mask> was the granddaughter of Major Sewall of Salem, Massachusetts. Among their descendants were:

 <mask> (1740 East Haddam, Connecticut – 1801 Salem, Massachusetts), a naval officer. He went to sea at the age of fourteen, was taken by a British press-gang in Boston in 1756, and kept in service until 1763. Soon after the Declaration of Independence he was commissioned a captain in the navy, and brought from Bordeaux valuable munitions of war. His commission is supposed to have been the earliest issued by the American government. Stephen's son, Richard Jeffry <mask>, a U. S. vice-consul at Havana, Cuba, 1829–1834.He wrote an autobiographical work entitled Voyages and Commercial Enterprises (Boston, 1850). Richard Jeffry's son <mask> published

masks:
Cleveland
Aaron Cleveland
Cleveland
Aaron Cleveland
Cleveland
Aaron Cleveland
Aaron Porter
Stephen Cleveland
Cleveland
Horace Cleveland


title: Aaron Cleveland

type: original

texts:
 Voyages of a Merchant Navigator of the Days that are Past, compiled from the journals and letters of his father, and was a noted landscape designer. Richard Jeffry's son Henry Russell <mask> (1809 – 12 June 1843) was an author. He graduated at Harvard in 1827, and became one of the band called the “Five of Clubs,” his associates being Charles Sumner, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Cornelius C. Felton, and George S. Hillard. He published:  an edition of Sallust's works, with English notes (New York); Remarks on the Classical Education of Boys, by a Teacher (1834); Life of Henry Hudson in Jared Sparks's “American Biographies” series; and review articles and addresses. A selection from his writings, with a memoir by George S. Hillard, was printed privately (Boston, 1844). <mask> (3 February 1744 Haddam, Connecticut – 21 September 1815), who pursued multiple vocations.His father's early death deprived him of the privilege of a college education, but he pursued his studies while apprenticed to a manufacturer in Norwich, Connecticut. At the age of nineteen, he produced a poem, “The Philosopher and Boy,” in which he refers to his botanical pursuits. In 1779, he was a member of the provincial legislature of Connecticut. Late in life, he became a Congregational pastor near Hartford, Connecticut. <mask>, Jr., was twice married. <mask>.'s son <mask> (b. 20 December 1770) was a grandfather of President Grover <mask>.<mask>.'s son <mask> (21 June 1772 Norwich, Connecticut – 5 June 1872 Boston), after civil-service and business careers, ultimately became a clergyman in Boston noted for his philanthropic activities. <mask>'s daughter Sarah married David Low Dodge, founder of the New York Peace Society. References

Citations

Sources

Further reading

1715 births
1757 deaths
Harvard University alumni
American Presbyterians
Grover <mask> family
People from Cambridge, Massachusetts
Massachusetts colonial-era clergy
People of colonial

masks:
Cleveland
Aaron Cleveland
Aaron
Aaron Jr
William Cleveland
Cleveland
Aaron Jr
Charles Cleveland
Aaron
Cleveland


title: Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland

texts:
<mask>, 8th Earl of Northumberland, 2nd Baron Percy (153221 June 1585) was an English nobleman and conspirator. Origins
He was born in about 1532 at Newburn Manor (Northumberland), the second of two sons of Sir Thomas Percy (c. 1504–1537) (2nd son of <mask>, 5th Earl of Northumberland), by his wife Eleanor Harbottle. His father was executed in 1537 as a chief actor in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Career
Brought up with his elder brother Thomas Percy, 7th Earl of Northumberland (1528–1572), he took part as a youth in border warfare, and on Queen Mary's accession was appointed governor of Tynemouth Castle. He was returned to the House of Commons in 1554 as Member of Parliament for Morpeth, Northumberland, was knighted in 1557, and became deputy warden of the east and middle marches. Queen Elizabeth continued him in his chief offices. He was temporarily transferred from the governorship of Tynemouth to the captaincy of Norham Castle, but was reappointed in February 1561 to Tynemouth.When war broke out in Scotland in 1560, he was given the command of a body of light horse, to be equipped like the Schwartze Ritter with corselets and two pistols each, and at the head of these troops he distinguished himself before Leith (April 1560). The French commander D'Oyzelle, when defeated, asked permission, in compliment to Percy's valour, to surrender his sword to Percy rather than to the commander-in-chief, Lord Grey. Unlike other members of his family, he had Protestant sympathies, and was directed in 1561 to report on the doctrines adopted by the Scottish congregations. Both John Knox and Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange, with whom he corresponded, seem to have been convinced of his sympathy with presbyterianism. He had already (24 June 1559) been commissioned, together with Thomas

masks:
Henry Percy
Henry Percy


title: Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland

texts: Young, Archbishop of York, to administer the oath of supremacy to the clergy of the northern province. His position in the north was improved at the end of 1561 by his marriage with Catherine Neville, daughter and co-heiress of John Neville, 4th Baron Latimer. He was appointed Sheriff of Northumberland for 1562–63.During the Rising of the North, in which his elder brother was a chief actor (November–December 1569), <mask> remained loyal to the government, joined the royal forces, and vigorously attacked the rebels. Queen Elizabeth promised him favour and employment in return for his services. When his brother was a prisoner in Scotland, Percy wrote urging him to confess his offences and appeal to the queen's mercy. In 1571 he was elected knight of the shire for Northumberland and, on his brother's execution at York in 1572, he assumed by Queen Elizabeth's permission the title of eighth earl of Northumberland, in accordance with the patents of creation. Mary, Queen of Scots, was in confinement at Tutbury, and he opened communication with her agent John Lesley, the bishop of Ross, at Easter 1571, offering help for her escape. Sir Ralph Sadler suspected his intentions, and on 15 November 1571 Percy was arrested while in London and sent to the Tower of London. On 23 February 1572 he wrote, begging the queen to release him.After eighteen months' detention he was brought to trial on a charge of treason. Thereupon he threw himself on the queen's mercy, was fined five thousand marks, and was directed to confine himself to his house at Petworth. On 12 July 1573 he was permitted to come to London, and was soon afterwards set at liberty. On 8 February 1576 he first took his seat in the House of Lords, and was one of the royal commissioners appointed to prorogue parliament in


title: Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland

texts: November. In September 1582 he entertained the French agent, M. de Bex, and looked with a friendly eye on Throckmorton's plot to release Queen Mary. With Lord <mask> and Francis Throckmorton he was arrested on suspicion of complicity late in the same year, and for a second time was sent to the Tower. He was, however, only detained a few weeks, and no legal proceedings were taken against him.But he was deprived of the governorship of Tynemouth Castle, though he protested. He was still sanguine of compassing the release of Queen Mary. In September 1583 he invited her agent, Charles Paget, and Paget's brother, Lord Paget, to Petworth, and there he discussed the matter fully. The Duc de Guise was to aid the enterprise with French troops, and Northumberland offered advice respecting their landing. William Shelley, who was present at the interview, was arrested and racked next year, and related what took place. Northumberland's aim, he said, was not only to secure Queen Mary's liberty, but to extort from Elizabeth full toleration for the Roman Catholics. In December 1584 Northumberland was sent to the Tower for a third time.He protested his innocence, and courted inquiry. Six months later, on 21 June 1585, he was found dead in his bed in his cell, having been shot through the heart. A jury was at once summoned, and returned a verdict of suicide. He was buried in the church of St. Peter ad Vincula, within the Tower. Suspicions were voiced. It was stated that the day before the earl died the lieutenant of the Tower, Sir Owen Hopton, was ordered by Sir Christopher Hatton, the vice-chamberlain, to place the prisoner under the care of a new warder named Bailiffe. A report spread that Hatton had contrived Northumberland's death, and some years later Sir Walter Raleigh, in


title: Henry Percy, 8th Earl of Northumberland

texts:
 writing to Sir Robert Cecil, referred to Hatton's guilt as proved.Immediately after his death there was published at Cologne a tract, entitled Crudelitatis Calvinianae Exempla duo recentissima ex Anglia, in which the English government was charged both with Northumberland's murder and with the enforcement of the penal statutes passed in the previous year. The tract was reprinted in French, German, English, Italian, and Spanish. To allay the public excitement, a Star Chamber inquiry was ordered, and it was held on 23 June; A True and Summarie Reporte of the proceedings was published, and the verdict of suicide upheld. Family
By 25 January 1562, he had married Lady Katherine Neville (1546–1596), the daughter of John Nevill, 4th Baron Latimer and Lady Lucy Somerset. They had the following children:

 <mask>, 9th Earl of Northumberland (1564–1632), married Lady Dorothy Devereux
 Thomas Percy
 William Percy, poet and playwright
 Sir Charles Percy, of Dumbleton, Gloucestershire, where survives his monument;
 Lucy Percy, married Sir John Wotton and then Sir Hugh Owen
 Richard Percy
 Sir Joscelyne Percy
 Anne Percy
 Sir Alan Percy (died 1613), married Mary Fitz
 Eleanor Percy (1583–1650), married William Herbert, 1st Baron Powis
 Sir George Percy (1580–1632), married Anne Floyd. Their daughter Anne Percy married John West. His wife Katherine was buried in St Paul's Chapel within Westminster Abbey.Ancestry

References

Attribution:

1532 births
1585 deaths
Knights of the Garter
8
16th-century English nobility
High Sheriffs of Northumberland
16th-century Protestants
English Protestants
<mask>, 08th Earl of Northumberland
Deaths by firearm in England
Prisoners in the Tower of London
English MPs 1554–1555
English MPs 1571
Burials at the Church of St Peter ad Vincula
People from


title: Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg

texts:
<mask>, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg (, ; 2 February 1711 – 27 June 1794) was an Austrian and Czech diplomat and statesman in the Habsburg Monarchy. A proponent of enlightened absolutism, he held the office of State Chancellor for about four decades and was responsible for the foreign policies during the reigns of Maria Theresa, Joseph II, and Leopold II. In 1764, he was elevated to the noble rank of a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire (Reichfürst). Family
Kaunitz was born in Vienna, Austria, one of 19 children of Maximilian Ulrich, third Count of Kaunitz (1679–1746), and his consort Marie Ernestine, née Countess of East Frisia and Rietberg (1687–1758), an heiress of the Cirksena dynasty. The Kaunitz family (Kounicové) belonged to the old Czech nobility and, like the related Martinic dynasty, derived its lineage from the medieval Vršovci clan in the Kingdom of Bohemia. First mentioned in the 14th century, they originally lived in the Silesian duchy of Troppau, but in 1509, they moved to Slavkov (Austerlitz) Castle near Brno. <mask>'s grandfather, Dominik Andreas von Kaunitz (1655–1705), served as a Habsburg Geheimrat and envoy.Elevated to the hereditary rank of a Count (Graf) in 1683, his diplomacy contributed to the 1686 League of Augsburg against King Louis XIV of France and the 1697 Treaty of Ryswick that ended the Nine Years' War. <mask> Anton's father, Count Maximilian Ulrich, was appointed a member of the Aulic Council (Reichshofrat) in 1706; he served as Imperial envoy and as governor (Landeshauptmann) of Moravia from 1720. By his marriage with Marie Ernestine in 1699, he inherited the immediate

masks:
Wenzel Anton
Wenzel Anton
Wenzel


texts:
 County of Rietberg in Westphalia. <mask> Anton himself married Maria Ernestine von Starhemberg (1717–1749), a granddaughter of Imperial Chamber president Gundaker Thomas Starhemberg (1663–1745), on 6 May 1736. Four sons were born of the marriage, among them the Austrian general Count <mask> von Kaunitz-Rietberg (1742–1825). <mask> Anton's granddaughter Eleonora (daughter of his eldest son, Ernest) married a successor in the office of State Chancellor, <mask> von Metternich. Early life
As the second son, it was at first intended that <mask> Anton should become a clergyman, and at thirteen he held a canonry at the Westphalian Diocese of Münster.With the death of his elder brother, however, he decided on a secular career, and studied law and diplomacy at the universities of Vienna, Leipzig and Leiden. He became a chamberlain of the Habsburg emperor Charles VI, and continued his education for some years by a Grand Tour to Berlin, the Netherlands, Italy, Paris, and England. Back in Vienna, he was appointed a member of the Imperial Aulic Council in 1735. At the Imperial Diet of Regensburg (Ratisbon) in 1739, he was one of the emperor's commissaries. During the War of the Austrian Succession, in March 1741, he was sent on a diplomatic mission to Florence, Rome, and to the Kingdom of Sardinia. In August 1742, he was appointed ambassador at Turin and reached the support of King Charles Emmanuel III for Maria Theresa. In October 1744, he was appointed minister plenipotentiary in the Austrian Netherlands, while its governor, <mask> of Lorraine, fought in the Silesian Wars, commanding the Austrian army in

masks:
Wenzel
Franz Wenzel
Wenzel
Prince Klemens
Wenzel
Prince Charles


title: Ted Washington

texts:
<mask>. (born April 13, 1968) is a former American football defensive tackle. He was drafted out of Louisville by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round of the 1991 NFL Draft. He also played for the Denver Broncos, Buffalo Bills, Chicago Bears, New England Patriots, Oakland Raiders, and Cleveland Browns before retiring after the 2007 season. <mask> was selected to four Pro Bowls in his career  and with the Patriots, he won Super Bowl XXXVIII over the Carolina Panthers. At 6'5" and more than 375 pounds in his prime, he was described as "the prototypical [3-4] nose tackle of this era." His gargantuan frame earned him nicknames like "Mt. Washington" or "Washington Monument".Also notable for his longevity, <mask> was a starting nose tackle, one of the most physically demanding positions in football, until the age of 39. High school career
At Tampa Bay Technical High School in Tampa, <mask> was a four-sport standout in football, track, baseball, and wrestling. As a senior, he was the Florida State Wrestling champion in the unlimited weight class. College career
As a senior at the University of Louisville, <mask> had 76 tackles, seven sacks, and three blocked field goals, and was an All-South Independent selection. He majored in physical education. Professional career

San Francisco 49ers
<mask> was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the first round (25th overall) in the 1991 NFL Draft. He made his NFL debut at the New York Giants on September 2 and finished the season with 21 tackles and one sack.In his second season with the 49ers he played in 16 games and finished the season with 35 tackles and two sacks. The 1993 season was a progression from the previous season as <mask> made 41 tackles and three sacks. Just as they had done in the previous year the 49ers made it to the NFC Championship game. <mask> was also among the players who harassed 49ers head trainer Lindsy McLean, who is gay. In an ESPN Magazine article, McLean said that numerous 49ers humiliated him during his stint with the team,

masks:
Theodore Washington Jr
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington
Washington


title: Ted Washington

texts:
 including one who made a habit of grabbing him from behind and simulating rape, saying, "Get over here, bitch. I know what you want." The behavior continued even after the player was traded to another team.McLean declined to name any of his harassers, but the Boston Globe later identified <mask> as the perpetrator. <mask>'s agent, Angelo Wright, also confirmed that the player in question was his client. Denver Broncos
On April 20, 1994, <mask> was traded to the Denver Broncos. In his one and only year with the Broncos he started 15 games making 56 tackles and 2.5 sacks. The game versus the Cincinnati Bengals on November 27 was significant as it marked the start of a 119 consecutive game streak which would last until 2002. Buffalo Bills

He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an unrestricted free agent on February 24, 1995. Playing nose tackle, <mask> lined up next to defensive end Bruce Smith in Buffalo's 3-4 defense.In his first season, he posted 86 tackles in 16 regular season games and two post season ones. In his second season with the Bills he recorded career numbers with 130 tackles. In the 1997 season, he recorded 124 tackles and four sacks. He was also selected to his first Pro Bowl. The following season, he was again selected to the Pro Bowl after finishing the year with 101 tackles and 4.5 sacks, which was a career high. In 1998, he again started in all 16 games and finished the season with 87 tackles. <mask> was selected to do his third Pro Bowl in the 2000 season after recording 86 tackles and 2.5 sacks.Following the 2000 NFL season, the Bills struggled to meet the salary-cap deadline. On February 22, <mask>, who was scheduled to make about $7.6 million—including bonus money— in 2001, was cut in part because he refused to take a pay cut for the second straight year. Chicago Bears
<mask> was signed by the Chicago Bears as an unrestricted free agent on April 16, 2001. In his first season with the Bears he started in 15 games recording 50 tackles and 1.5 sacks and was selected to his fourth

masks: Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington


title: Ted Washington

texts:
 Pro Bowl. His second season with the Bears was ruined by injury as he only started in two games before being placed on injured reserve after suffering a fractured leg and torn ligament in his left foot. New England Patriots
He was traded to the New England Patriots on August 20, 2003. He was part of a defense that was ranked 4th overall and finished the season with 45 tackles.He started and was part of the Patriots team who won Super Bowl XXXVIII. Oakland Raiders
<mask> was signed by the Oakland Raiders as an unrestricted free agent on March 3, 2004. He started all 16 games and finished the season with 41 tackles and three sacks. In 2005, his second season with the Raiders, he again started in all 16 games and recorded 44 tackles. Cleveland Browns
He was signed by the Cleveland Browns as an unrestricted free agent on March 13, 2006. During the first play of training camp with the Browns in 2006, he was supposedly the one who injured the newly acquired all pro center LeCharles Bentley which was later denounced but when questioned about the incident he yelled at the reporters "It wasn't me who did it, I'll go see how he's doing later." In his first season with the Browns, just as he had done in eight other seasons he started in all 16 regular season games making 61 tackles.He finished the 2007 season with nine tackles. He decided to retire after he was released after the 2007–08 season. He weighed 375 pounds in his final NFL season,  but he weighed up to 400 pounds at one point. In 2012, <mask> was a nominee for the Pro Football Hall of Fame class of 2013. NFL statistics

Personal
He is the son of former Houston Oilers linebacker <mask>, Sr.

References

1968 births
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football defensive tackles
Chicago Bears players
Cleveland Browns players
Buffalo Bills players
Denver Broncos players
Living people
Louisville Cardinals football players
New England Patriots players
Oakland Raiders players
Players of American football from Tampa, Florida
San Francisco 49ers

masks:
Washington
Washington
Ted Washington


title: William J. Connell (historian)

texts:
<mask>"Bill"<mask> (born July 22, 1958) is an American historian and holder of the <mask>. and Geraldine C. La Motta Chair in Italian Studies at Seton Hall University. He is a leading specialist in Italian history, Early Modern European history and the history of Italian Americans. In 2019 he was named an Andrew Carnegie Fellow. Early life and education
<mask> was educated at the Trinity School (New York City), Bronxville High School, and Yale University, where he belonged to Saybrook College and the Manuscript Society and received his B.A. in 1980 summa cum laude. After an internship with U.S. Senator Lowell Weicker and a job as a gardener on the island of Elba, he worked in banking for the Manufacturers Hanover Trust Company and then as research assistant for columnist <mask> before entering graduate school in History at the University of California, Berkeley, where he received his Ph.D. in 1989.Career
<mask> taught history at Reed College in Portland, OR, and at Rutgers University before moving to Seton Hall University in 1998. From 2003 to 2007 he was Founding Director of the Charles and Joan Alberto Italian Studies Institute. He has been a Fulbright Scholar to Italy, an I Tatti Fellow, a Member of the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton and a Juror for the Rome Prize of the American Academy in Rome. From 1992 to 2020 he was Secretary of the Journal of the History of Ideas and he remains active on the Editorial Board. He is a Corresponding Fellow of the Deputazione di Storia Patria per la Toscana and the Società Pistoiese di Storia Patria, and a member of the Grolier Club of New York City. From 2002 to 2005, and again in 2009-2010, he served on the New Jersey Italian and Italian American Commission as a gubernatorial appointee. He was co-chair of the Trustees and chair of the Academic Advisors of the Italian American Heritage Institute at Rutgers University

masks:
William John (
) Connell
Joseph M
Connell
Joseph Alsop
Connell


title: William J. Connell (historian)

texts:
 from 2002 to 2005.In 2011 he received the Presidential Award of the Columbian Foundation. His NPR broadcast, "Machiavelli Faces Unemployment," won the Listener Choice Award as the favorite "Academic Minute" of 2011-2012. In 2013 The Irish Voice named him to its Education 100—a list of top US educators of Irish ancestry. Seton Hall University awarded him its Granato Italian Culture Medal in 2016. Work
An interest in the territory that surrounded and supported the city of Florence during the Renaissance resulted in his book, La città dei crucci: fazioni e clientele in uno stato repubblicano del ʼ400, a study of the social networks underpinning the factionalism of republican Florence and her subject city of Pistoia. His study of the Lombard nobleman Gaspare Pallavicino resulted in a new reading of the narrative framework and the discussion of the female courtier in Baldassarre Castiglione's Book of the Courtier. Sacrilege and Redemption in Renaissance Florence (2005; rev.2d ed. 2008), co-authored with Giles Constable, recounts the case of a man who was hanged for throwing dung at a painting of the Virgin Mary and has been published in Italian, Spanish, Russian, Romanian and Farsi translations. <mask>’s archival research on the life and career of Niccolò Machiavelli resulted in a widely praised translation of The Prince (2005, rev. 2d ed. 2016) and several important essays. In 2013 <mask> solved a longstanding philological problem, previously considered a puzzle "awaiting its Rosetta Stone," by showing that Machiavelli completed The Prince in its final version in the spring of 1515. His essays were collected in the Italian volume Machiavelli nel Rinascimento italiano (2015).In 2016, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the publication of Utopia by Thomas More, he demonstrated connections between Machiavelli and the circle around More and Erasmus. <mask> has

masks: Connell Connell Connell


title: William J. Connell (historian)

texts:
 contributed to the revitalization of Italian American studies. The Routledge History of Italian Americans, which he co-edited with Stanislao G. Pugliese, is the first scholarly history of the five centuries of the experience of Italians in America. In research on Italian explorers in the early Atlantic world, including Christopher Columbus, <mask> explains that these navigators happened to be Italian because declining commercial prospects in the eastern Mediterranean (a consequence of Ottoman conquests) meant that Italian financiers were willing to invest in the first risky European expeditions into the Atlantic. In recent years <mask>'s research has focused on the Renaissance revolution in historical thought and on connections between northern and southern Europe in the Early Modern period. <mask> has lectured at the Institute for Universal History of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow, the Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa, and the Fondazione Luigi Firpo in Turin. In 2011 he was an accreditation visitor at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.He serves on the editorial boards of 13 academic journals and monograph series, and he has written occasional pieces and reviews for the Times Literary Supplement, Washington Post, Wall Street Journal, The American Scholar, Clarín (Argentina) and Timpul (Romania). Personal
<mask> is the son of <mask><mask>, an artist, of Great Barrington, Massachusetts, and Marilyn Moore, an editor and actress, of New York City. He is married to Nikki Shepardson, a historian of Christianity, with whom he has two daughters. A first marriage ended in divorce. <mask> is a resident of Clinton, New Jersey. Books

   Italian edition (2001). Revised second ed.(2016). Revised second ed. (2008). Italian edition (2006). Russian edition (2010). Romanian edition (2011). Farsi edition (2018).Spanish edition (2019). Italian edition

masks:
Connell
Connell
Connell
Connell
William F
. Connell
Connell


title: William J. Connell (historian)

texts:
 (2019). Italian translation, new edition (2014). Selected essays in Romanian. Selected essays in Italian. Italian edition (2019). References

External links
 <mask><mask> quoted in <mask>. Honan (December 8, 1996).Scholar Sees Leonardo's Influence on Machiavelli. The New York Times. <mask><mask> quoted in Mary Ann Castronovo Fusco (October 10, 1999). How a Church Brings Life to Newark's Little Italy. The New York Times. <mask><mask> (October 7, 2010). [http://theamericanscholar.org/what-columbus-day-really-means What Columbus Day Really Means].The American Scholar. <mask><mask>: Machiavelli Faces Unemployment', Academic Minute, Northeast Public Radio, April 24, 2012 (audio). <mask><mask> (August 13, 2013). La maldición de Cristóbal Colón entre nosotros. Clarín (Buenos Aires). <mask><mask>: How Does Machiavelli Regard Religion?, Harvard University, September 20, 2013 (video). <mask><mask> interviewed by Gabriela Tanasescu in the Romanian Review of Political Sciences and International Relations, 2015.<mask><mask> (December 2, 2016). Machiavelli's Utopia. Times Literary Supplement. <mask><mask> interview with Brian Lehrer on Christopher Columbus, WNYC New York Public Radio, October 9, 2017 audio. <mask><mask> (October 19, 2017). The Inverted Advice of Machiavelli. Times Literary Supplement.<mask><mask> interviewed on NPR (All Things Considered) on the New York City Columbus monument, December 5, 2017 "audio". <mask><mask> (September 28, 2018). Things that seem incredible: a new Columbus letter. Times Literary Supplement. <mask><mask> (May 1, 2020). Interviewed on new history of Italian Americans. La Voce di New York''.1958 births
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Living people
People from Clinton, New Jersey
Reed College faculty
Seton Hall University faculty
Yale University alumni
Historians from New Jersey
American male non-fiction

masks:
William J
. Connell
William H
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell
William J
. Connell


title: Eston Hemings

texts:
<mask> (May 21, 1808 – January 3, 1856) was born into slavery at Monticello, the youngest son of <mask>, a mixed-race enslaved woman. Most historians who have considered the question believe that his father was Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States. Evidence from a 1998 DNA test showed that a descendant of <mask> matched the Jefferson male line, and historical evidence also supports the conclusion that Thomas Jefferson was probably <mask>'s father. Many historians believe that Jefferson and <mask> had six children together, four of whom survived to adulthood. Jefferson freed <mask> and his older brother <mask> in his will, as they had not yet come of age at his death. They each married and lived with their families and mother Sally in Charlottesville, Virginia, until her death in 1835. Both brothers and their young families moved to Chillicothe, Ohio, to live in a free state, where <mask> earned a living as a musician and entertainer.In 1852 <mask> moved with his wife and three children to Madison, Wisconsin, where they changed their surname to Jefferson and entered the white community. Their sons both served in the Union Army, and the older one, John Wayles Jefferson, achieved the rank of colonel. He moved to Memphis, Tennessee, becoming a wealthy cotton broker and never married. <mask>'s other children, Beverly and Anna Jefferson, married into the white community, and their descendants have identified as white. Beverly Jefferson's five sons were educated and three entered the professional class as a physician, attorney, and manager at the railroad. One of their male-line descendants was tested in the 1998 DNA study. Early life
What is known of <mask>'s life is derived from his brother Madison's 1873 memoir, a few entries in Thomas Jefferson's Farm Book, a handful of contemporary newspaper accounts, various census and land/tax records, and the family history of his descendants.<mask> was born into slavery as the youngest

masks:
Eston Hemings Jefferson
Sally Hemings
Eston
Eston
Sally Hemings
Eston
Madison Hemings
Eston Hemings
Eston
Eston
Eston
Eston


title: Eston Hemings

texts: son of the slave <mask>. As she was one of the six mixed-race children of <mask> and John Wayles (Jefferson's father-in-law), she and her siblings were half-siblings to Jefferson's wife Martha Wayles and were three-quarters European in ancestry, as their mother had a white father. The historians Philip D. Morgan and Joshua D. Rothman have written about the numerous interracial relationships in the Wayles-Hemings-Jefferson families and the region, often with multiple generations repeating the pattern. The large <mask> family, with Betty Hemings as matriarch, was at the top of the slave hierarchy at Monticello; its members working as domestic servants, chefs, craftsmen and artisans. Sally Hemings had light duties, and as children, <mask> and his siblings "were permitted to stay about the 'great house', and only required to do such light work as going on errands." Like their older brother Beverley, at age 14 Madison and <mask> each began training in carpentry, under tutelage of their uncle John Hemmings, the master woodworker at Monticello. All three brothers learned to play the violin (Jefferson also is known to have regularly played when he was younger, and his younger brother Randolph, according to the ex-slave Isaac Granger, "used to come out among black people, play the fiddle & dance half the night".)Madison and <mask> were freed in 1827, in accordance with President Jefferson's will. (Madison was 22; <mask> was freed at 19.) Additionally, Jefferson's will petitioned the legislature to allow the Hemingses to stay in Virginia after being freed, unlike most freed slaves. In his 1873 memoir, Madison said the Hemings children were freed as a result of a promise Jefferson made to <mask>. After Jefferson's death, <mask> was "given her time" by his daughter. The older woman lived freely with her two sons in Charlottesville. In the 1830 census, the census taker in Charlottesville classified all three Hemings as white, showing how others perceived

masks:
Sally Hemings
Betty Hemings
Hemings
Eston
Eston
Eston
Eston
Sally Hemings
Sally Hemings


title: Eston Hemings

texts:
 them by appearance because of their overwhelming European ancestry.Sally was of three-quarters white ancestry. Her children were seven-eighths white and thus legally white under the Virginia law of the time. It was not until 1924 that Virginia passed the Racial Integrity Act, which classified anyone as black who had any known African ancestry, under the "one drop rule". Post-slavery life
Upon gaining freedom, Hemings initially pursued a career in woodworking and carpentry in Charlottesville, Virginia. In 1830, <mask> <mask> purchased property and built a house on Main Street, where his mother lived with him until her death in 1835. Marriage and family
In 1832, <mask> married a free woman of color, Julia Ann Isaacs (1814–1889). She was the daughter of the successful Jewish merchant David Isaacs, from Germany, and Nancy West, a free woman of mixed race.Nancy West was the daughter of Priscilla, a former slave, and Thomas West, her white master. Thomas West left property to his children Nancy and James West in his will. Prohibited by law from marrying, David Isaacs and Nancy West maintained separate households and businesses for years (she was a successful baker.) They had seven children together, and later in their lives shared a household. <mask> and Julia Ann <mask> had three children: John Wayles Jefferson (1835–1892), Anna Wayles Jefferson (1837–1866), and Beverly Frederick Jefferson (1839–1908) (their surname was changed from <mask> to Jefferson as the family moved to Wisconsin after 1850.) The first two were born in Charlottesville. And Beverly was born in Ohio shortly after there arrival in Ohio.About 1837 Hemings moved with his family to Chillicothe, a town in southwest Ohio (a free state) with a thriving community. Numerous free blacks and white abolitionists had support-stations linked to the Underground Railroad to aid escaping slaves. There Hemings became a professional musician, playing the violin or fiddle and leading a

masks: Eston Hemings Eston Eston Hemings Hemings


title: Eston Hemings

texts:
 successful dance band. The children were educated in integrated schools. Anna for a time attended the Manual Labor School at Albany, Ohio. A former classmate later wrote that she was introduced as "Miss Anna (or Ann) Heming[s] [sic], the grand daughter of Thomas Jefferson". In a 1902 article of the Scioto Gazette, a correspondent wrote that while Hemings lived in Ohio in the 1840s, it was widely said that he and his brother Madison were the sons of Thomas Jefferson.In addition, several neighbors of <mask> had traveled together to Washington, DC, where they saw a statue of Jefferson; they commented on how much Hemings resembled him. The correspondent also recollected:

<mask> <mask>, being a master of the violin, and an accomplished "caller" of dances, always officiated at the "swell" entertainments of Chillicothe. Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850 increased pressure on the black communities in Ohio and other free states bordering slave states. In towns along the Underground Railroad, slave catchers invaded the communities, sometimes kidnapping and selling into slavery free people as well as fugitive slaves. In 1852, <mask> decided to move the family further north for security, and migrated to Madison, Wisconsin. There they took the surname Jefferson, and they passed into the European-American (white) community. <mask> <mask> Jefferson died in 1856.Their eldest son John Wayles Jefferson served as a white officer in the regular United States Army during the American Civil War, achieving the rank of colonel. John W. Jefferson led the Wisconsin 8th Infantry. He was wounded twice in battle. During the war, he published letters home, and after the war, published articles about his experiences. Before the war, John Jefferson ran the American House hotel in Madison, which was taken over by his younger brother Beverley. After the war and the end of slavery in the U.S., John Jefferson moved to Memphis, Tennessee. He became a successful cotton

masks: Eston Eston Hemings Eston Eston Hemings


title: Eston Hemings

texts:
 broker, supported his mother, and left a considerable estate at his death in 1892.He never married or had known children. Both Anna and Beverley Jefferson married white spouses, and their descendants have identified as white. Anna married Albert T. Pearson, a carpenter who was a captain during the Civil War. Their son Walter Beverly Pearson became a wealthy industrialist in Chicago. Beverley Jefferson was also a Civil War veteran of the Union Army. Returning to Madison, he moved from the American House to run the Capitol House hotels. He founded the first omnibus line in the Wisconsin capital, and was a popular figure among politicians in the city.He married Anna Smith from Pennsylvania. Their five sons gained educations and three entered the professions: one became a doctor in Chicago, another an attorney, another worked in railroad management. The <mask> <mask> Jefferson family is buried in Forest Hill Cemetery, Madison. Descendants
In the 1970s, Jean Jefferson, unaware of her connection to the <mask> family, read Fawn Brodie's biography, Jefferson: An Intimate Portrait. She recognized <mask> <mask> Jefferson's name in the book from family stories and contacted Brodie. The historian helped Jefferson start putting the pieces of the family history back together. They discovered that in the 1940s, her father and his brothers had decided against continued telling of the Hemings-Jefferson story to their children, out of fear the younger people would be discriminated against.The family's new knowledge of their history enabled DNA researchers in 1998 to locate Jean's cousin, John Weeks Jefferson, a male descendant of <mask> <mask> Jefferson, for testing. His Y-chromosome matched the rare haplotype of the Thomas Jefferson male line. The Carr male line did not match, partly calling into question the oral history of Thomas Jefferson Randolph that Peter Carr was the father of <mask>' children. Whether or not the Carr male line matches Hemings' other

masks:
Eston
Hemings
Hemings
Eston
Hemings
Eston
Hemings
Sally Hemings


title: Eston Hemings

texts:
 children is unknown as DNA tests were only performed on a descendant of one of her children, <mask> Hemings. Jefferson–Hemings controversy

Historians had long disputed accounts that Thomas Jefferson had a relationship with his mixed-race slave <mask> and fathered children by her. In the late 20th century, historians began reanalyzing the body of evidence. In 1997, Annette Gordon-Reed published a book that analyzed the historiography and noted how historians since the 19th century had accepted accounts by Jefferson descendants while rejecting accounts by <mask>, a son of <mask>, and Israel Jefferson, another former slave at Monticello.Both said that Thomas Jefferson fathered Hemings' children. She said historians failed to adequately assess which version was supported by known facts. A Y-DNA analysis in 1998 showed no match between the Carr male line, proposed for more than 150 years as the father(s) of the Hemings children, and the male Hemings descendant of <mask> Jefferson tested. It did show a match between the Jefferson male line and the <mask> Hemings descendant. <mask> is believed to be the half-sister of Thomas Jefferson's wife Martha; her mother was <mask>, a mixed-race slave, and her father was John Wayles, also Martha's father. Since 1998 and the DNA study, many historians have accepted that the widower Jefferson had a long intimate relationship with Hemings, and fathered six children with her, four of whom survived to adulthood. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation (TJF), which runs Monticello, and the National Genealogical Society conducted independent studies; their scholars concluded Jefferson was probably the father of all Hemings's children.Critics, such as the Thomas Jefferson Heritage Society (TJHS) Scholars Commission (2001), have argued against the TJF report. They have concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine that Jefferson was the father of Hemings's children. The TJHS report suggested that Jefferson's

masks:
Eston
Sally Hemings
Madison Hemings
Sally Hemings
Eston
Eston
Sally Hemings
Elizabeth Hemings


title: Eston Hemings

texts:
 younger brother Randolph Jefferson could have been the father, and that Hemings may have had multiple partners. No previous accounts had suggested that. However, in his memoirs, Isaac Jefferson, a slave at Monticello, described Jefferson's younger brother as having socialized with the slaves at the plantation. He recounted that “Old Master’s brother, Mass Randall, was a mighty simple man: used to come out among black people, play the fiddle and dance half the night”. In 2012, the Smithsonian Institution and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation held a major exhibit at the National Museum of American History: Slavery at Jefferson's Monticello: The Paradox of Liberty; it says that "most historians now believe that ... the evidence strongly support[s] the conclusion that Jefferson was the father of <mask>' children."The exhibit toured in Atlanta and Saint Louis into 2014 after leaving Washington. References

Further reading
 Annette Gordon-Reed, The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family, New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2008
 Stanton, Lucia. Free Some Day: The African-American Families of Monticello, Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2000. External links
 "Sally Hemings Children: <mask> Hemings", Photos of <mask> Hemings' descendants, Monticello
 Getting Word: Oral History Project, Monticello
 Passing: Renouncing the Past, Monticello Website
 "Thomas Jefferson (descendants in Wisconsin)", Wisconsin Historical Society
 François Furstenberg, "Jefferson's Other Family: His concubine was also his wife's half-sister", review of Annette Gordon-Reed, The Hemingses of Monticello, Slate, 23 September 2008

Jefferson family
19th-century American slaves
1808 births
1856 deaths
People from Monticello
People from Madison, Wisconsin
Hemings family
19th-century American people
Children of presidents of the United States
Children of vice presidents of the United States
Presidents of the United States and slavery
Children of Thomas Jefferson
Children

masks:
Sally Hemings
Eston
Eston


title: Dentaa

texts:
<mask> MBE (born 1983), best known by her stage name Dentaa, is a British Ghanaian entrepreneur, actress, TV presenter, singer, producer and manager. She was awarded an MBE in the 2016 Birthday Honours and in 2017 she received the Ghana Peace Awards Humanitarian Service Laureate in Accra, Ghana. In mid-September of 2020 she was appointed by Asante Kotoko S.C. as their International Relations Manager. As an actress she appeared on British TV shows including EastEnders and Holby City, before moving into presenting, hosting television programmes on British and Ghanaian TV including The Dentaa Show and reality TV music competition Mentor IV. She also had a brief career as a singer, releasing a gospel album in 2005, "Wu Ye Nyame". Dentaa is an advocate for the Ghanaian community in the UK
and in 2017 she was put on the list of 100 Most Outstanding Women Entrepreneurs in Ghana for her advocacy by The African Network of Entrepreneurs. In 2009 she founded the GUBA (Ghana UK Based Achievements) Awards, which recognises the achievements of individuals and organisations "positively contributing to the Ghanaian community in the UK or Ghana".In 2011, she was named in The Future 100 Awards as a "Young Social Entrepreneur" of the year for her work with GUBA. In June 2013, <mask> was announced as the winner of the annual African Women in Europe (AWE) Award, for her work in promoting Ghanaian achievement in the UK and for her charity work. Organisers described her as an "icon and role model to all African women living and working in Europe". <mask> is currently based in London, England. Early years

<mask> was born in Juaso, in the Ashanti Region of Ghana, but moved with her family to the UK at the age of five. From a young age she enjoyed performing in school plays and talent shows. She took her GCSEs at the Walthamstow School for Girls and A Levels

masks:
Akosua Dentaa Amoateng
Dentaa
Dentaa
Dentaa


title: J. P. Morgan Jr.

texts:
<mask> "<mask><mask>. (September 7, 1867 – March 13, 1943) was an American banker, finance executive, and philanthropist. He inherited the family fortune and took over the business interests including J.P. Morgan & Co. after his father J. P<mask> died in 1913. After graduating from St. Paul's School and Harvard, <mask> trained as a finance executive working for his father and grandfather. He became a banking financier, a lending leader, and a director of several companies. He supported the New York Lying-In Hospital, the Red Cross, the Episcopal Church, and endowed the creation of a rare book and manuscript collection at the Morgan Library. <mask> brokered a deal that positioned his company as the sole munitions and supplies purchaser during World War I for the British and French governments, bringing his company a 1% commission on $3 billion ($30 million). He was also a banking broker for financing to foreign governments both during and after the war.Early life
<mask> <mask> nickname <mask> was born on September 7, 1867 in Irvington, New York to J. P<mask> and Frances Louisa Tracy. He graduated from St. Paul's School and later, Harvard College, in 1886, where he was a member of the Delphic Club, formerly known as the Delta Phi. His siblings included <mask> <mask> (1866–1946), who married Herbert L. Satterlee (1863–1947), <mask> <mask> (1870–1952) who married <mask> Hamilton (1869–1950), and Anne Tracy <mask> (1873–1952), a philanthropist. His paternal grandparents were <mask> <mask> (1813–1890) and <mask> (1816–1884), the daughter of <mask>. Career

The younger <mask> resembled his father in his dislike for publicity and continued his father's philanthropic policy. In 1905,

masks:
John Pierpont
Jack
" Morgan Jr
. Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
John Pierpont
Morgan Jr
Jack
. Morgan
Louisa Pierpont
Morgan
Juliet Pierpont
Morgan
William Pierson
Morgan
Junius
Spencer Morgan
Juliet Pierpont
John Pierpont
Morgan


title: J. P. Morgan Jr.

texts:
 his father acquired the Guaranty Trust bank as part of his efforts to consolidate banking in New York City. After his father died in 1913, the bank became <mask>'s base.World War I
<mask> played a prominent part in financing World War I. Following its outbreak, he made the first loan of $12,000,000 to Russia. In 1915, a loan of $500,000,000 was made to France and Britain following negotiations by the Anglo-French Financial Commission. The firm's involvement with British and French interests fueled charges the bank was conspiring to maneuver the United States into supporting the Allies in order to rescue its loans. By 1915, when it became apparent the war was not going to end quickly, the company decided to forge formal relationships with France. Those dealings became strained over the course of the war as a result of poor personal relations with French emissaries, relationships that were heightened in importance by the unexpected duration of the conflict, its costs, and the complications flowing from American neutrality. Contributing to the tensions was the favoritism displayed by Morgan officials to British interests.His personal friendship with Cecil Spring Rice ensured that from 1915 until sometime after the United States entered the war, his firm was the official purchasing agent for the British government, buying cotton, steel, chemicals and food, receiving a 1% commission on all purchases. <mask> organized a syndicate of about 2200 banks and floated a loan of $500,000,000 to the Allies. The British sold off their holdings of American securities and by late 1916 were dependent on unsecured loans for further purchases. At the beginning of World War I, US Treasury

masks: Jack Morgan Morgan


title: J. P. Morgan Jr.

texts:
 Secretary William McAdoo and others in the Wilson administration were very suspicious of J. P. Morgan & Co.'s enthusiastic role as British agent for purchasing and banking. When the United States entered the war, this gave way to close collaboration, in the course of which <mask> received financial concessions. From 1914 to 1919, he was a member of the advisory council for the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. On July 3, 1915, an assassin, Eric Muenter, entered <mask>'s Long Island mansion and shot him twice.This was ostensibly to bring about an embargo on arms, and in protest of his profiteering from war. <mask>, however, quickly recovered from his wounds. Postwar

After World War I and the Versailles Treaty, <mask> Guaranty managed Germany's reparation payments. After the war, <mask> made several trips to Europe to investigate and report on financial conditions there. In 1919 he was for a time chairman of the international committee, composed of American, British and French bankers, for the protection of the holders of Mexican securities. In November 1919, he was made a director of the Foreign Finance Corporation, which was organized to engage in the investment of funds chiefly in foreign enterprises. By the 1920s, Morgan Guaranty had become one of the world's most important banking institutions, as a leading lender to Germany and Europe.During the Great Depression he took heavy financial losses. The assets of the House of Morgan fell 40% from $704 million to $425 million. American banking came under heavy attack. <mask> personified banking, and drew attacks from politicians, especially in the U.S. Senate's Pecora hearings of 1932, which "created a tidal wave of anger

masks: Morgan Morgan Morgan Morgan Morgan Morgan


title: J. P. Morgan Jr.

texts:
 against Wall Street". He was a director in numerous corporations, including the U.S. Steel Corp., the Pullman Co., the Aetna Insurance Co., and the Northern Pacific Railway Co. He died on March 13, 1943 in Boca Grande, Florida and was interred in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Connecticut. Personal life

In 1890, <mask> married <mask> Grew (1868–1925), daughter of Boston banker and mill owner Henry Sturgis Grew.She was the aunt of Henry Grew Crosby. The couple raised four children:

 <mask> <mask> III (1892–1960), who married Louise Converse (1895–1974), daughter of Frederick Shepherd Converse, in 1915. <mask> <mask> (1893–1981), who married George Nichols (1878–1950). Frances Tracy <mask> (1897–1989),  who married <mask> <mask> (1890–1970), a lawyer, in 1917. Henry Sturgis <mask> (1900–1982), a founding partner of Morgan Stanley who married Catherine Lovering Adams (1902–1988), daughter of Charles Francis Adams III, descendants of the 2nd U.S. President, <mask>. Philanthropy
In 1920, <mask> gave his London residence, 14 Princes Gate (near Imperial College London), to the U.S. government for use as its embassy. In 1924, <mask> created the Pierpont Morgan Library as a public institution as a memorial to his father.Belle da Costa Greene, <mask>'s personal librarian, became the first director and continued the aggressive acquisition and expansion of the collections of illuminated manuscripts, authors' original manuscripts, incunabula, prints, and drawings, early printed Bibles, and many examples of fine bookbinding. Today the library is a complex of buildings which serve as a museum and scholarly research center. <mask> donated many valuable works to the Metropolitan Museum

masks:
Morgan
Jane Norton
Junius
Spencer Morgan
Jane Norton
Morgan Nichols
Pennoyer
Paul Geddes
Pennoyer
Morgan
John Adams
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan


title: J. P. Morgan Jr.

texts:
 of Art. Social
A yachtsman, like his father, <mask> served as commodore of the New York Yacht Club from 1919 to 1921. In 1930, he built the turbo electric driven yacht Corsair IV at Bath Iron Works in Maine. Corsair IV, launched April 10, 1930, was one of the most opulent yachts of its day and the largest built in the United States with an overall length of ,  beam and . Legend at the shipyard credits the phrase "If you have to ask, you can't afford it" to <mask>, when asked what the yacht cost.However, this quote is most often attributed to his father in connection with the yacht Corsair, launched in 1891. <mask> sold the Corsair IV to the British Admiralty in 1940 for one dollar to assist with Britain's war effort. After the war the Corsair IV was sold to Pacific Cruise Lines and, on September 29, 1947, began service as a luxury cruise ship operating between Long Beach, California and Acapulco, Mexico. On November 12, 1949 the yacht struck a rock near the beach in Acapulco and, although all passengers and crew were rescued, was deemed a total loss. <mask> was a member of the Jekyll Island Club (a.k.a. "The Millionaires' Club") on Jekyll Island, Georgia, as had been his father J. P<mask> Sr.

References

Further reading

 De Long, J. Bradford. "<mask><mask> and his money trust."Wilson Quarterly 16.4 (1992): 16-30 online

External links

1867 births
1943 deaths
American bankers
American people of Welsh descent
American people of World War I
Harvard College alumni
House of Morgan
JPMorgan Chase employees
Morgan family
People from Murray Hill, Manhattan
Philanthropists from New York (state)
Old Right (United States)
People from Irvington, New York
St. Paul's School (New

masks:
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
Morgan
. Morgan
J P
. Morgan


title: Vaughn Ary

texts:
<mask><mask> is a retired American major general and the former staff judge advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps and director of the United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division. He currently serves as the Director of the Office of International Affairs for the U.S. Department of Justice. Early life

<mask> was raised in Ada, Oklahoma. He received his BA from Northwestern Oklahoma State University in 1984 and his JD from the University of Oklahoma College of Law in 1987. Military career

After graduating from Officer Candidates School, The Basic School, and Naval Justice School, <mask> reported to the 3rd Force Service Support Group in Okinawa, Japan. In 1990, he deployed to serve in the Gulf War with the 1st Force Service Support Group. He spent the next two years as the Deputy Staff Judge Advocate of US Marine Forces, Atlantic before attending a one-year LLM program at George Washington University Law School.In 1994, he was assigned to the Pentagon to serve as the Head of the Law of Armed Conflict Branch in the Office of the Judge Advocate General of the Navy. In 1996, he was selected to serve as Deputy Legal Counsel to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Following this tour of duty, he received a Masters of Military Studies from the Marine Corps Command and Staff College and was reassigned to the 1st Force Service Support Group as the officer in charge of Legal Teams Delta and Echo. He served as the Staff Judge Advocate of the 1st Force Service Support Group during Operation Iraqi Freedom I and II. From 2004 to 2006, he served as the Commanding Officer of the 2nd Recruit Training Battalion in San Diego. Following promotion to Colonel, he served as the Staff Judge Advocate of the 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing. He returned to the Pentagon in 2008 to serve as the Deputy Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.He became the Staff Judge Advocate to the Commandant of the Marine Corps (SJA to CMC) in 2009. Major General <mask> assumed his duties as SJA to CMC at a time when the Marine Corps and the Navy were under intense Congressional scrutiny for their management of judge advocate assets and their processing of

masks:
Vaughn A
. Ary
Ary
Ary
Ary


title: Vaughn Ary

texts: post-trial courts-martial. This scrutiny led to two inquiries:  one by the Department of Defense Inspector General and another by a congressionally appointed panel (the “506 Panel”). In response, Major General <mask> developed and implemented the Legal Services Strategic Action Plan 2010-2015, which was published in the summer of 2010. This publication took a critical look at the Marine Corps legal community's mission, role, and organizational structure. It also outlined a new strategic vision for the future of the Marine legal community and established an action plan leading to a number of major reforms. To ensure timely and accurate post-trial processing, Major General <mask> implemented the Case Management System (CMS), the first Marine Corps-wide single, common court-martial tracking system.In 2011, Major General <mask> reorganized the Judge Advocate Division establishing a second Deputy Director position responsible for Community Development, Strategy, and Plans (CDSP). The CDSP branch now sets standards for the Marine Corps legal community, develops training and equipment to help meet those standards, and creates metrics by which those standards can be inspected. In addition, the CDSP branch performs long-term strategic planning for the legal community and has the lead on developing future doctrine for the provision of legal support within the Marine Corps. Also in 2011, Major General <mask> directed the reorganization of the legal defense community into the Marine Corps Defense Services Organization (DSO). Creation of the DSO, led by the Chief Defense Counsel of the Marine Corps, increased the autonomy of the defense bar and enabled the defense community to create a true community of practice, that can better address matters unique to defending Marines. In 2012, Major General <mask> directed a major reorganization of the structure and processes for the delivery of legal support in the Marine Corps. Major General <mask> focused the reorganization to provide for greater levels of individual proficiency, organizational efficiency, and institutional accountability.Central to this reorganization was regionalization. During the summer of 2012, the

masks: Ary Ary Ary Ary Ary Ary


title: Vaughn Ary

texts:
 Marine Corps replaced 16 stove-piped law offices with 4 regional Legal Services Support Sections (LSSSs) and 9 subordinate Legal Services Support Teams (LSSTs). Consolidation of all legal services into these 4 LSSSs, which affected over 49 different commands and over 800 active, reserve and civilian billets, significantly improved the quality, timeliness, and uniformity of the delivery of legal services. To further enhance the capabilities of the regional LSSSs, Major General <mask> introduced Highly Qualified Experts, military criminal investigators, and Marine paralegals to address the complexity of courts-martial litigation and increase the effectiveness in the execution of the legal support mission. Major General <mask> retired in July 2014. Convening Authority over military commissions
In September 2014, <mask> became the Convening Authority in charge of the military commissions at Guantanamo. One of his first actions was to implement, in January 2015, a policy called "Change One"; which required military commission judges to relocate to Guantanamo Bay "to accelerate the pace of litigation."This was immediately criticized by military commission judge Spath as "unlawful influence" on proceedings, and <mask> was required to testify about this at the hearing of Abd al Rahim al Nashiri. In March 2015, "Change One" was rescinded, Judge Spath ruled <mask>'s actions may have served to undermine public confidence in the fairness of the proceedings in the al Nashiri hearings and required that <mask> be replaced as convening authority. Central authority for U.S. extraditions
Since March 2016, <mask> has served as the Director, Office of International Affairs (OIA), U.S. Department of Justice. In this, <mask> became head of the U.S. central authority for mutual legal assistance treaty interactions and for international extraditions and deportations organized by the United States. References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American military lawyers
United States Marine Corps generals
United States Marine Corps Judge Advocate Division
Northwestern Oklahoma State University alumni
George Washington University Law School

masks: Ary Ary Ary Ary Ary Ary Ary Ary


title: Richard Chaffey Baker

texts:
<mask>  (22 June 1842 – 18 March 1911) was an Australian politician. A barrister by trade, he embarked on a successful career in South Australian colonial politics, serving as Attorney-General of South Australia from 1870 to 1871 and President of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1893 to 1901 before switching to federal politics after federation. He served as the inaugural President of the Australian Senate from 1901 to 1906. A noted federalist, he was the son of one-time Premier of South Australia <mask>. Early life
<mask> was born on 22 June 1841 in North Adelaide, South Australia. He was the oldest son of twelve children – including younger sister Bessie – born to Isabella (née Allan) and <mask>, who had settled in South Australia in 1839 after marrying in Van Diemen's Land the previous year. His father was born in Somerset, England, and had a variety of business and agricultural interests.He was elected to the South Australian Legislative Council in 1851 and served briefly as premier in 1857. <mask> was sent to England to be educated, attending Eton College before going on to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he rowed for the Third Trinity Boat Club and graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1864. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in the same year and returned to Adelaide where he set up a practice with Charles Fenn. In 1873 he entered into a partnership with William Barlow. <mask>'s legal practice suffered as he devoted more time to politics, and his appointment as Queen's Counsel in 1900 was somewhat controversial. Colonial politics

<mask> began developing a successful career as a barrister, but in 1868, at the age of 26, decided to stand for the state lower house of parliament, the House of Assembly, in the seat of Barossa. The campaign was successful, as he topped

masks:
Sir Richard Chaffey Baker
John Baker
Baker
John Baker
Baker
Baker
Baker


title: Richard Chaffey Baker

texts:
 the poll, and thus took one of the two Barossa seats in the House of Assembly.<mask> earned an M.A. in 1870, and was appointed as Attorney-General in the third ministry of John Hart in May 1870, but returned to the backbenches in July 1871 in order to manage the affairs of his ailing father, and did not recontest his seat at the election late that year. Two years later, <mask> visited England, and on his return in early 1875, he declined an offer to serve in the cabinet of Sir Arthur Blyth. He nevertheless recontested his old seat of Barossa, but was defeated. Two years later, <mask> chose to instead contest a seat in the Legislative Council, and was successful. He held his seat until federation, serving a twelve-month stint as education minister in the Colton ministry in 1884–1885, and serving as President of the Legislative Council from 1893 until 1901. He founded the National Defence League in 1891 as an immediate response to the perceived threat from the Labor Party.Federation movement

<mask> took a strong interest in the proposed federation of the Australian colonies in the 1880s and 1890s, and prepared A Manual of Reference to Authorities for the Use of the Members of the Sydney Constitutional Convention, which was published early in 1891 and distributed at the convention of that year. It influenced to some extent the first draft of the Constitution of Australia, which was drawn up as a result of the 1891 convention. <mask> continued his involvement throughout the decade, and was elected as a representative of South Australia at the 1897 convention, where he served as chairman of committees and as a member of the constitutional committee. <mask> has been identified as one of the first to characterise the Australian federation as a crowned republic, although he did not use

masks: Baker Baker Baker Baker Baker Baker


title: Richard Chaffey Baker

texts:
 that term. In 1891, he argued for the adoption of a "republican system" when Australia federated, and cited pre-existing federal republics as a model for the new constitution. However, he supported the Queen as head of state and argued against the direct election of the governor-general. According to , <mask> "proudly proclaimed his loyalty to the Queen in the same breath as he declared himself a republican", with his conception of republican government based not on "absence of monarchy, but in the rule of law, the separation of powers, balanced government, and the sovereignty of the people".Federal politics

<mask> was elected to the Senate at the inaugural 1901 federal election. On 9 May 1901 he was elected as the inaugural President of the Senate, winning 21 votes out of 36 on the first ballot. His first major role was as chairman of the standing orders committee, which soon resolved to adopt the standing orders of the South Australian House of Assembly as an interim measure. The Senate continued to use the interim standing orders until September 1903. As president, <mask>'s major achievement was to establish "a procedural framework for the Senate, which allowed for flexibility and helped to ensure that the Senate's independence was maintained". He argued that its procedures should be wholly independent rather than modelled on the House of Representatives or the British House of Commons, initiating the publication of "president's rulings" as a source of precedent for his successors. As per section 23 of the constitution, <mask> exercised a full deliberative vote as president, although he "refused to take sides in the debates between free traders and protectionists".He occasionally made speeches on political matters, such as speaking against proportional representation during the

masks: Baker Baker Baker Baker


title: Richard Chaffey Baker

texts:
 debate on the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1902. He stated that it was difficult to reconcile the independence of the president with the political responsibilities of an ordinary senator. In 1903, <mask> represented Australia at the Delhi Durbar where King Edward VII was crowned Emperor of India. He was re-elected as president in March 1904, following the 1903 election, and "was widely respected for his fairness, decision and ability". He retired from the Senate at the expiry of his term on 31 December 1906, citing ill health. Personal life
On 23 December 1865 he married Katherine Edith Colley (c. 1845–1908), who predeceased him, and was survived by two sons (J. R<mask> LLD and R. C<mask>) and a daughter (Miss Edith <mask>). Katherine was a daughter of R. B. Colley, first mayor of Glenelg.He was for many years chairman of the jockey club at Morphettville. He had large pastoral interests and was involved in the development of copper mining in the state. He was created a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1886 and was knighted KCMG in 1895. References

Further reading

1842 births
1911 deaths
Members of the Australian Senate for South Australia
Presidents of the Australian Senate
Members of the Australian Senate
Members of the South Australian Legislative Council
Free Trade Party members of the Parliament of Australia
People educated at Eton College
Australian Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Australian politicians awarded knighthoods
Presidents of the South Australian Legislative Council
Attorneys-General of South Australia
20th-century Australian politicians
Burials at North Road Cemetery
Australian republicans
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Australian people of English descent
Australian barristers
Australian Queen's

masks:
Baker
. Baker
. Baker
Baker


title: Vojislav Tankosić

texts:
<mask> (, 20 September 1880 – 2 November 1915) was a Serbian military officer, vojvoda of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, major of the Serbian Army, and member of the Black Hand, who participated in the May Coup and was accused of involvement in the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Overview
<mask> was born in Ruklada, in the Tamnava region near Valjevo. His family came from Bosnian Krajina. He finished Gymnasium and the prestigious Military Academy. He showed high national consciousness, and gained the trust of Milorad Gođevac and the other Chetnik leaders. <mask> was sent as a secret agent, undercover, into Ottoman Macedonia to study the terrain and people for future action. As Dragutin Dimitrijević Apis' trustee, he executed Queen Draga's two brothers, in 1903, in the May Coup, which saw the murder (and overthrowing) of King Alexander Obrenović.He participated in the Battle of Čelopek (April 1905) under Savatije Milošević. Young Bosnia received arms from him for their actions. Sources say that he shot apples from the heads of his Chetnik fighters. Once, when they crossed the Sava bridge, he ordered all to jump off, and they did. <mask> was described as rude and bold. He was arrested by the Serbian government when Gavrilo Princip killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand (28 June 1914), but was forgiven when Austria attacked Serbia; the Chetniks of Voja <mask> and Jovan Babunski prevented Belgrade from falling into Austrian hands on the first night of the war. He then fought at the Drina (September 6–October 4, 1914).His unit retreated last, covering the Austrians and Germans, and he was fatally wounded near Veliki Popović. He lived for two days, then died in Trstenik on November 2, 1915. When the Austrians occupied the town, they excavated his body from the grave to make sure he was indeed dead. A photograph of his body was featured on the front pages of Croatian, Hungarian, Bulgarian and

masks:
Vojislav Tankosić
Tankosić
Tankosić
Tankosić
Tankosić


title: Vojislav Tankosić

texts:
 Austrian newspapers. He was re-buried in Trstenik, and his mother and friends had his body transferred to Belgrade for an honorable burial on the New Cemetery in 1923. May Coup

In a period of great national fervour among the Serb youth organizations, <mask> tried to gain the trust of General Jovan Atanacković, who had begun to gather volunteers for insurgency in Old Serbia and Macedonia. As a sub-lieutenant, he participated in the conspiracy against King Alexander Obrenović, and the May Coup (1903).He had previously helped the leaders of the March demonstrations (1903) to flee with boats to Zemun. He led the execution of Queen Draga's brothers, Nikola and Nikodije. Guerilla fighting

As a member of the Serbian Chetnik Organization, <mask> went to Skopje, Bitola and Thessaloniki in the winter of 1903–04, where he organized Chetnik action in Macedonia. <mask> was one of the most important Chetnik voivodes, and was an excellent shot. He participated in the victory on Čelopek near Kumanovo on April 16, 1905, part of the četa (unit) of vojvoda Savatije Milošević. There was a pause in action due to the Serbian-Bulgarian customs union's conclusion on July 6, 1905; thus, <mask> was brought back to Serbia, where he was awarded the Order of the Star of Karađorđe. From the second half of 1905 to October 1907, he attended and graduated from the Military Academy in Belgrade.In 1907–08 he was the Chief of Staff of Eastern Povardarje, which meant that he commanded all units active from the Serbian border to the Vardar. He led the attack on Bulgarian bands in the village of Stracin in 1908, which nearly caused a Serbian-Bulgarian war. He returned to Belgrade in July 1908. Black Hand

Following the Austro-Hungarian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (October 6, 1908), <mask> established a Chetnik school in Prokuplje, in which volunteers were trained to execute special operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

masks: Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić


title: Vojislav Tankosić

texts:
 He spread the network throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina, and recruited volunteers for a conflict he believed was inevitable. This was contrary to the policy of the Serbian government, which feared Austro-Hungary. Some 5,000 volunteers were organized in Serbia.Austrian and Hungarian newspapers reported that there were 1,000 bands in Serbia, with 20 well-armed fighters in each, and that each fighter would give one of his two guns to Bosnian rebels. However, when Serbia recognized the annexation in 1909, the training camp in Ćuprija was closed down; the military knowledge that was gained was useful in the coming war. He was a member of the Young Bosnia and one of the founders of Unification or Death (popularly known as the "Black Hand"). Together with Bogdan Radenković and Ljuba Jovanović-Čupa, he wrote the constitution of the organization, whose aim was to fight for the unification of Serbdom. Balkan Wars

Before the outbreak of the war in March 1912, <mask> was transferred to the headquarters of the border troops, tasked with training volunteers who arrived from all Serb-inhabited regions. <mask> was very strict in his selection, and out of 2,000 candidates, he chose only 245 volunteers. One who was declined was Gavrilo Princip, due to his weak stature.The Serbian government tried to use the Albanians against the Turks, and sent <mask> to Kosovo where he slipped weapons to Albanian leaders. Together with Isa Boletini, he led local Albanians in June and July 1912 in their conflict with Turks around Mitrovica. In the First Balkan War <mask> commanded the Laplje Chetnik detachment. The detachment began operations in the Turkish background two days before the outbreak of the war, at the border post (karaula) at Merdare, where the Chetniks and Albanians skirmished into the first battle of the war. It seems that they began fighting on their own initiative, without the approval of superiors. There is a

masks: Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić


title: Vojislav Tankosić

texts:
 possibility that the Black Hand feared agreement between Turkey and the Balkan allies, which would hold back the liberation of Serb-inhabited territories. The Chetniks fought for three days by themselves, until the regular Serbian Army joined in.The Serbian Army brought victory, and <mask>'s Chetniks were the first to enter Pristina. <mask>'s Chetniks thus opened the door for the Serbian Army to liberate Kosovo, and <mask> was awarded the Order of the Star of Karađorđe with Swords and promoted to major. 1913 and Archduke assassination plot

Together with the other members of the Black Hand, <mask> pressured the Serbian government of Nikola Pašić before the Treaty of Bucharest (1913). The government tried to retire <mask> and Apis; however, the King disagreed. A conflict between the military and civilian authorities simmered during 1913 and escalated during 1914, with open threats made to certain ministers. It is claimed that he participated in the training of the assassins of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, arranged to smuggle them across the Drina, and had his agent Ciganović provide them with weapons. After the 1914 assassination, the Austro-Hungarian government gave an ultimatum to the Serbian government, whom they held responsible for the assassination; <mask> was thus imprisoned in the headquarters of the Danube Division I.He was forgiven when Austria attacked Serbia. World War I

After the outbreak of World War I, <mask> became the commander of the Volunteer Squad in Belgrade, and then the Rudnik Volunteer Squad. By the time of the Battle of Drina (1914), he commanded a special band of volunteers and Chetniks in the Lim detachment in Eastern Bosnia, then at Loznica, Krupanj, at Mačkov Kamen and other battlefields. With the outbreak of World War I, Jovan Babunski formed the Sava Chetnik detachment, which was then placed under the command of Major Vojislav <mask>. The unit went on to fight the

masks: Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić


title: Vojislav Tankosić

texts:
 Austro-Hungarians in the late summer of 1914 and later destroyed a railway bridge on the Sava River to prevent Austro-Hungarian forces from crossing it. 1915 operations and death
During the Serbian Army withdrawal in 1915, <mask> was mortally wounded in Igrište near Veliki Popović on October 31, 1915, while commanding a battalion. He died from his wounds on November 2, 1915 at the age of 35 in Trstenik.His soldiers took his body and buried him secretly at the local cemetery. The Austrians managed to find the burial place and dug up his body, and, after identifying him, took pictures for the media to convince the public that he was indeed dead. The article, titled "The End of Tankosić", mentioned the Serbian throne and the ultimatum to Serbia, and claimed the death of <mask> as a victory against their opponents. The remains were relocated by his mother Milja, with the help of the Association of Serb Chetniks, and buried in the Belgrade New Cemetery in 1922. The tomb is now located at the IV parcel, in the third row, grave no. 6. Awards
<mask> received several awards and orders for his courage.Among which were:

 Order of the Star of Karađorđe, received in 1905
 Order of the Star of Karađorđe with Swords, received in 1913

Legacy
Streets in the Vračar neighbourhood in Belgrade, the Medijana neighbourhood in Niš, and Kisač neighbourhood in Novi Sad bears his name. See also
 List of Chetnik voivodes

References

Sources
 Books

 Newspaper articles

External links

1880 births
1915 deaths
People from Ub, Serbia
People from the Principality of Serbia
Serbian people of Bosnia and Herzegovina descent
Serbian nationalists
Royal Serbian Army soldiers
Serbian rebels
Black Hand (Serbia)
Young Bosnia
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
Chetniks of the Macedonian Struggle
Serbian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Serbian military personnel killed in World War I
Burials at Belgrade

masks: Tankosić Tankosić Tankosić


title: Ron Clements

texts:
<mask> (born April 25, 1953) is an American animator, screenwriter, film director, and film producer. He often collaborates with fellow director John Musker and is best known for directing the Disney films The Great Mouse Detective (1986), The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin (1992), Hercules (1997), Treasure Planet (2002), The Princess and the Frog (2009), and Moana (2016). Life and career
<mask> was born in Sioux City, Iowa, the son of Gertrude (née Gereau) and <mask>. <mask> began his career as an animator for Hanna-Barbera. After a few months there, he was accepted into Disney's Talent Development Program, an animator training ground and workshop. After that, he served a two-year apprenticeship with famed animator Frank Thomas, a supervising animator of Disney films such as Peter Pan (1953), Lady and the Tramp (1955), and The Aristocats (1970). <mask> made his feature debut as a character animator on The Rescuers and Pete's Dragon in 1977.In 1981, he became the supervising animator on The Fox and the Hound. Future partner John Musker worked as a character animator under him, and Clements later teamed up with Musker as story artists on The Black Cauldron before they were removed from the project. In 1982, Clements proposed adapting the children's book series Basil of Baker Street by Eve Titus into an animated feature and, along with story artist Pete Young, it was pitched to <mask>. Because the animators were displeased with the direction of The Black Cauldron was heading, Basil of Baker Street was approved as an alternative project. Burny Mattinson and Musker were assigned as the original directors while Dave Michener was brought in as an additional director. Due to a shortened production schedule and multiple story rewrites, Roy E. Disney assigned Mattinson to serve as director/producer while <mask> was brought in

masks:
Ronald Francis Clements
Clements
Joseph Clements
Clements
Clements
Ron Miller
Clements


title: Ron Clements

texts: as another director. While working on The Great Mouse Detective, newly appointed Disney CEO and chairman Michael Eisner and Jeffrey Katzenberg issued invitations to the animation staff for their first held "gong show" session.Demanding only five new ideas, Clements went to a bookstore and discovered Hans Christian Andersen's The Little Mermaid. Clements wrote and presented a two-page treatment of Mermaid to Disney Studios Chief Jeffrey Katzenberg at a "gong show" idea suggestion meeting, as well as conceptualized the idea of Treasure Planet. At the gong show session, Mermaid was rejected for its similarities to Splash while Planet was rejected by Eisner because Paramount Pictures was developing a Star Trek sequel with a Treasure Island angle (that went eventually unproduced). The next morning, Katzenberg approached Clements and asked him to expand his initial treatment. With Mermaid in production in 1986, <mask> and Musker were later joined by Off-Broadway musical composers Howard Ashman and Alan Menken who collaborated on the song and musical score. Released in November 1989, The Little Mermaid was praised as a milestone in rebirth of Disney animation by film critics and collected a domestic gross of $84 million, cumulatively receiving $184.2 million worldwide. When work on Mermaid was wrapped, <mask> and Musker re-developed their idea for Treasure Planet, but the studio still expressed disinterest.Instead, the two directors were offered three projects in development: Swan Lake, King of the Jungle, and Aladdin. The directors chose Aladdin because they thought the story would suit a wackier, faster-paced, and more contemporary mood than that found in then-recent Disney animated films. Working from Ashman and Menken's treatment and musical score, the two delivered a story reel to Katzenberg in April 1991, which was

masks: Clements Clements


title: Ron Clements

texts: strongly disapproved of. Jettisoning multiple characters and story ideas and adding Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio as co-screenwriters, the production team restructured the entire story in eight days. Released in November 1992, Aladdin received positive reviews from critics, and became the first animated film to gross over $200 million domestically. Following work on Aladdin, <mask>, along with Musker, resumed their work on Treasure Planet, which was again turned down by Katzenberg in 1993, who disapproved of setting the adaptation of a classic adventure tale in outer space. A deal was struck with the two directors to create another commercial film before he would approve Treasure Planet.Rejecting projects in development such as Don Quixote, The Odyssey, and Around the World in Eighty Days, they were later informed of animator Joe Haidar's pitch for a Hercules feature, and signed onto the project. During production on Hercules, in 1995, <mask> and Musker signed a seven-year contract deal with the studio which stipulated following Hercules, the studio would produce Treasure Planet or another project of their choosing. Treasure Planet was eventually approved for production and subsequently released in 2002 to mixed critical reception. The film performed poorly at the box office, costing $140 million to create while earning only $38 million in the United States and Canada and just shy of $110 million worldwide. Despite this, it was nominated for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards, marking his first Academy Award nomination. Following Treasure Planet, <mask> and Musker later inherited Fraidy Cat, which was originally a project developed by Dutch animation director Piet Kroon. However, David Stainton, then-president of Walt Disney Feature Animation, refused to green-light the project, which was followed with

masks: Clements Clements Clements


title: Ron Clements

texts:
 <mask> and Musker's resignation from Disney in September 2005.When John Lasseter was appointed chief creative officer over Disney Feature Animation in February 2006, he invited <mask> and Musker back to Disney to oversee production on The Frog Princess, and were officially confirmed as directors in the following July. Later re-titled The Princess and the Frog, the film received positive reviews and grossed $267 million worldwide. After directing The Princess and the Frog, <mask> and Musker started working on an adaptation of Terry Pratchett's Mort, but obtaining the film rights prevented them from continuing with the project. To avoid similar problems, they pitched three new ideas, where by 2011, the two directors started developing the film based on an original idea. In late 2012, the duo announced that they will be directing a new film in the future, but they have their lips sealed for the title, the plot, and the animation style. In July 2013, it was revealed that the film, titled Moana, would be "a Polynesian tale involving the island folk and the idols made famous the world over". On November 10, 2014, Disney confirmed Moana would be released on November 23, 2016.Legacy
Clement's short film Shades of Sherlock Holmes was preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2012. Personal life
Clements has been married to his wife Tamara Lee Glumace, since February 25, 1989. Filmography

Feature films

Short films

Documentaries

Awards and nominations

Collaborations

John Musker and Clements have cast certain actors in more than one of their films. References

Bibliography

External links

1953 births
Animators from Iowa
American animated film directors
American animated film producers
Animation screenwriters
Living people
Film directors from Iowa
Walt Disney Animation Studios people
Writers from Sioux City, Iowa
Annie Award


title: Ryan McCourt

texts:
<mask> (born February 23, 1975) is a Canadian artist best known for his sculptures. He lives in Edmonton, Alberta. Early life and education
<mask> was born and raised in Edmonton, Alberta, the youngest of Ken and Sheelagh <mask>'s five children. He attended school at Patricia Heights Elementary School, Hillcrest Junior High School, and Jasper Place High School. McCourt completed his Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1997, and his Master of Fine Arts in Sculpture in 1999, both at the University of Alberta There, McCourt was a student of Peter Hide and Edmonton's modernist tradition of welded sculpture. Career
In 1995, while an undergraduate student, McCourt was a photographer with the Edmonton Eskimos Football Club. After completing his MFA, McCourt worked as the Artistic Coordinator for The Works Art Expo 2001, and curated Resolutions, a solo exhibition of paintings by Canadian artist Tony Baker, at the Edmonton Art Gallery.In 2002, McCourt founded the North Edmonton Sculpture Workshop, "a cooperative shared-studio project focused on facilitating the creation and promotion of contemporary sculpture," producing the Big Things sculpture series at the Royal Alberta Museum from 2002 to 2006. In 2003, <mask> was an instructor of Visual Fundamentals at the University of Alberta. In 2004, alongside then-Alberta Premier Ralph Klein, McCourt unveiled his 5.5-meter tall commissioned sculpture entitled A Modern Outlook, at 18550-118A Avenue in Edmonton. McCourt organized the Alberta Centennial Sculpture Exhibition at the Royal Alberta Museum in 2005. Controversy

In 2006, <mask> was the first artist selected to display sculpture for one year outside Edmonton's Shaw Conference Centre. McCourt's exhibition, Will and Representation, was an installation of four large sculptures based on Ganesha, a deity from Hindu mythology. Ten months into the exhibition, then-Mayor of Edmonton Stephen Mandel ordered the works removed after reportedly receiving a 700-name

masks:
Ryan McCourt
Ryan David McCourt
McCourt
McCourt
McCourt


title: Ryan McCourt

texts:
 seven Hindu community group representatives to seek out their opinion of the donation, the Edmonton Arts Council received a response that <mask>'s sculpture was "an offense to their religion" and that the ban enacted by Mayor Mandel should remain in place.As a result of this consultation, "the Public Art Committee unanimously voted to decline acceptance of the gift, as the artwork did not meet 'community or civic suitability' criteria." In McCourt's view, "It is not the purpose of a city's public art collection to placate special interests," he says. "I want Edmonton to build the best civic art collection that we can get, never mind the politics, the religion, etc. of the artists making the work." <mask>'s reputation as a controversial artist goes beyond the issue of censorship. Protesting the exclusivity of a local National Portrait Gallery exhibition, McCourt "sent in an anonymous mock-up of Ingres' Napoleon as Jupiter Enthroned redone with Stephen Harper's face along with a fabricated letter from the Prime Minister of Canada. His anonymous submission was immediately accepted into the show and became the poster child of the exhibit."McCourt has publicly advocated for civic investment in the arts, and for the University of Alberta to move its Department of Art and Design to a downtown campus. McCourt has been a vocal critic of public art in Edmonton, dismissing Talus Dome, a much-maligned sculpture purchased by the city, as "an embarrassment to our citizens, a symbol of the Edmonton Arts Council's continued bungling of their portfolio, and an unforgivable waste of public funds." Common Sense

In 2007, McCourt opened Common Sense, a gallery space at 10546 – 115 street in downtown Edmonton, run by the North Edmonton Sculpture Workshop. With a mandate to give 100% of proceeds from art sales to exhibiting artists, Common Sense does not fit the mold of either a commercial gallery or a traditional artist run centre. According to art

masks: McCourt McCourt


title: Ryan McCourt

texts:
 writer Amy Fung, "Common Sense is not actually an artist-run centre in any official sense, but a space run by artists in the old-fashioned sense.... essentially an artist's wet dream in our space-deprived city." Awards and collections
McCourt received the Lee Fund for the Arts Award; is a two-time recipient of the Edmonton Artists Trust Fund Award; and the recipient of a number of Project Grants from the Alberta Foundation for the Arts. His 2000 photograph After David, and 2003 sculpture Atlas are included in the Alberta Foundation for the Arts' collection.Fanfare, a steel sculpture by McCourt from 1999, is in the art collection of the University of Alberta. Honky Tonk, also from 1999, is in the collection of the Robert T. Webb Sculpture Garden. "The Abduction of Liberty, from 2006, was donated to the City of Edmonton and installed in the Belgravia Art Park in 2009. McCourt was awarded First Prize in the headdress category of the 2009 Wearable Art Awards in Port Moody, British Columbia for "The Helmet of Laocoön." In 2011, <mask> was named one of Edmonton's "Top 40 Under 40" by Avenue Edmonton for his support of local artists and his encouragement of "critical discourse". On August 19, 2016, McCourt's "Edmontonian Flag" was presented to Edmonton Mayor Don Iveson by Confederacy of Treaty Six First Nations Grand Chief Randy Ermineskin, "as a symbol of their commitment to collaboration, respectful dialogue and exploring shared opportunities" and "to symbolize a new dawn in Nation-to-Nation relationship building." In 2021, The Establishment Brewing Company commissioned McCourt to provide artwork for two beer labels, each one presenting a rotationally ambiguous image.References

External links
 Official site

1975 births
University of Alberta alumni
Artists from Edmonton
Abstract sculptors
21st-century Canadian sculptors
Canadian male sculptors
21st-century male artists
Living people
Assemblage artists
Religious artists
Canadian abstract


title: Richard Minifie

texts:
<mask>,  (2 February 1898 – 31 March 1969) was an Australian fighter pilot and flying ace of the First World War. Born in Victoria, he attended Melbourne Church of England Grammar School. Travelling to the United Kingdom, he enlisted in the Royal Naval Air Service in June 1916. Accepted for flight training, he completed his instruction in December and joined No. 1 (Naval) Squadron RNAS on the Western Front in January 1917, flying Sopwith Triplanes. He went on to score seventeen aerial victories on this type of machine throughout the year, becoming both the youngest Australian flying ace of the First World War and No. 1 (Naval) Squadron's highest-scoring ace on the Triplane.The unit re-equipped with the Sopwith Camel late in 1917, with <mask> going on to achieve a further four victories on the aircraft, raising his final tally to a score of twenty-one aircraft shot down. <mask> crash landed in German-held territory in March 1918, and spent the remainder of the war in prisoner-of-war camps in Germany. He was released at the end of the war, and was demobilised as a captain in September 1919. Returning to Australia, he joined the staff of his father's flour milling business, James Minifie & Co. Pty Ltd. He served as a squadron leader in the Air Training Corps of the Royal Australian Air Force during the Second World War. <mask> returned to the flour milling industry after the war, becoming managing director of James Minifie & Co. Pty Ltd in 1949. He died in 1969 at the age of seventy-one.Early life
<mask> Minife was born in Alphington, Victoria, on 2 February 1898 to Englishman <mask>, a flour miller, and his Australian wife Beatrice Kate (née Earle). In his youth, <mask> attended Melbourne Church of England Grammar School, becoming a prefect in 1915 and being appointed a lieutenant in the school Cadet unit. Completing his secondary studies later that year, <mask> won a scholarship to Trinity College at the University of

masks:
Richard Pearman Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Minifie
Richard Pearman
James Minifie
Minifie
Minifie


title: Richard Minifie

texts:
 Melbourne. First World War
By 1916, <mask> was residing in Elsternwick, Victoria. That year, he decided to postpone his studies and travelled to the United Kingdom where he enlisted in the Royal Naval Air Service at Crystal Palace, London on 11 June. Accepted for flight training with the rank of probationary flight sub-lieutenant, he spent the following six months at naval establishments in Eastbourne, Cranwell, East Fortune and Dover earning his wings. Granted the substantive rank of flight sub-lieutenant in October, he was posted to No.1 Wing RNAS on graduating as a pilot in October. In early 1917, he was allotted to the Wing's No. 1 (Naval) Squadron in France, flying Sopwith Triplanes, an aircraft in which he was to score heavily. Throughout February and March 1917, No. 1 Squadron was "continually in action" along the Somme sector of the Western Front. During April, the squadron maintained a high operational tempo with the launch of the Arras offensive. In an air battle on 29 April, <mask> was credited with his first two aerial victories, shooting down an Albatros D.III in a solo effort, before sharing in the destruction of a second with fellow Australian, Flight Sub-Lieutenant Robert A.Little of No 8 (Naval) Squadron. Over the next two months, <mask> participated in the "highly effective" ground-strafing missions on Bullecourt and during the Battle of Messines, while simultaneously adding to his tally of aircraft brought down; he became an ace during this period. At 19 years of age, <mask> was the youngest Australian ace of the First World War. He was promoted to acting flight lieutenant in July, taking part in the Passchendaele offensive later that month. On 8 August, <mask> destroyed a German scout plane, forcing the machine down in flames and thus scoring his seventh victory. Ten days later, he executed a raid on two German aerodromes. Flying at a height of , he fired approximated 450 rounds of ammunition

masks: Minifie Minifie Minifie Minifie Minifie


title: Richard Minifie

texts: into the hangars.Cited for his efforts in bringing down several German aircraft and his assaults on ground targets between April and September, <mask> was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross. The notice for the decoration was promulgated in a supplement to the London Gazette on 2 November 1917. Between August and October 1917, <mask> was credited with a further eleven German aircraft, bringing his total to seventeen. He had thus far achieved all of his victories on the Sopwith Triplane, making him No. 1 Squadron's highest-scoring ace on the aircraft, besting his commanding officer and friend, fellow Australian ace Lieutenant Commander Roderic Dallas, by a single victory on the machine. In late October, the squadron returned to the United Kingdom in order to re-equip with the Sopwith Camel. On 30 November, the London Gazette carried the announcement that <mask> had been awarded a Bar to his Distinguished Service Cross as a consequence of his "conspicuous gallantry in air fighting throughout October", that resulted in his personal destruction of "several enemy machines".On returning to the Western Front, <mask> went on to score an additional four aerial victories on the Sopwith Camel. In March 1918, he was promoted to acting flight commander. Later that month, he acted as No. 1 Squadron's commanding officer during the transition of command from Dallas to Lieutenant Commander Charles Dawson Booker. On 13 March, <mask> led a party of four aircraft out on a patrol. While airborne, the group intercepted a formation of five German scout planes. In the ensuring battle, <mask> personally destroyed two of the aircraft while a third was shot down by one of his men.These two scout planes were to be <mask>'s final victories of the war, raising his ultimate tally to twenty-one aircraft shot down and making him the seventh highest-scoring Australian ace of the conflict. His aerial achievements were composed of ten and one

masks: Minifie Minifie Minifie Minifie Minifie Minifie Minifie