title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts: own style of martial arts, "Ueshiba-ryū", and sent many Ōmoto followers to study at the dojo. He also brought <mask> into the highest levels of the group's bureaucracy, making <mask> his executive assistant and putting him in charge of the Showa Seinenkai (Ōmoto-kyō's national youth organisation) and the Ōmoto Shobotai, a volunteer fire service. His close relationship with Deguchi introduced <mask> to various members of Japan's far-right; members of the ultranationalist group the Sakurakai would hold meetings at Ueshiba's dojo, and he developed a friendship with the philosopher Shūmei Ōkawa during this period, as well as meeting with Nisshō Inoue and Kozaburō Tachibana. Deguchi also offered <mask>'s services as a bodyguard to Kingoro Hashimoto, the Sakurakai's founder. Ueshiba's commitment to the goal of world peace, stressed by many biographers, must be viewed in the light of these relationships and his Ōmoto-kyō beliefs. His association with the extreme right-wing is understandable when one considers that Ōmoto-kyō's view of world peace was of a benevolent dictatorship by the Emperor of Japan, with other nations being subjugated under Japanese rule.In 1921, in an event known as the , the Japanese authorities raided the compound, destroying the main buildings on the site and arresting Deguchi on charges of lèse-majesté. Ueshiba's dojo was undamaged and over the following two years he worked closely with Deguchi to reconstruct the group's centre, becoming heavily involved in farming work and serving as the group's "Caretaker of Forms", a role which placed him in


title: Morihei Ueshiba

type: original

texts: charge of overseeing Ōmoto's move towards self-sufficiency. His son Kisshomaru was born in the summer of 1921. Three years later, in 1924, Deguchi led a small group of Ōmoto-kyō disciples, including <mask>, on a journey to Mongolia at the invitation of retired naval captain Yutaro Yano and his associates within the ultra-nationalist Black Dragon Society. Deguchi's intent was to establish a new religious kingdom in Mongolia, and to this end he had distributed propaganda suggesting that he was the reincarnation of Genghis Khan. Allied with the Mongolian bandit Lu Zhankui, Deguchi's group were arrested in Tongliao by the Chinese authorities—fortunately for <mask>, whilst Lu and his men were executed by firing squad, the Japanese group were released into the custody of the Japanese consul. They were returned under guard to Japan, where Deguchi was imprisoned for breaking the terms of his bail.During this expedition <mask> was given the Chinese alias Wang Shou-gao, rendered in Japanese as "Moritaka" – he was reportedly very taken with this name and continued to use it intermittently for the rest of his life. After returning to Ayabe, <mask> began a regimen of spiritual training, regularly retreating to the mountains or performing misogi in the Nachi Falls. As his prowess as a martial artist increased, his fame began to spread. He was challenged by many established martial artists, some of whom later became his students after being defeated by him. In the autumn of 1925 he was asked to give a demonstration of his art in Tokyo, at the behest of Admiral Isamu Takeshita; one

masks: Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts:
 of the spectators was Yamamoto Gonnohyōe, who requested that <mask> stay in the capital to instruct the Imperial Guard in his martial art. After a couple of weeks, however, <mask> took issue with several government officials who voiced concerns about his connections to Deguchi; he cancelled the training and returned to Ayabe. Tokyo, 1927–1942

In 1926 Takeshita invited <mask> to visit Tokyo again.<mask> relented and returned to the capital, but while residing there was stricken with a serious illness. Deguchi visited his ailing student and, concerned for his health, commanded <mask> to return to Ayabe. The appeal of returning increased after <mask> was questioned by the police following his meeting with Deguchi; the authorities were keeping the Ōmoto-kyō leader under close surveillance. Angered at the treatment he had received, <mask> went back to Ayabe again. Six months later, this time with Deguchi's blessing, he and his family moved permanently to Tokyo. This move allowed <mask> to teach politicians, high-ranking military personnel, and members of the Imperial household; suddenly he was no longer an obscure provincial martial artist, but a sensei to some of Japan's most important citizens. Arriving in October 1927, the <mask> family set up home in the Shirokane district.The building proved too small to house the growing number of aikido students, and so the Ueshibas moved to larger premises, first in Mita district, then in Takanawa, and finally to a purpose-built hall in Shinjuku. This last location, originally named the Kobukan (), would eventually become the

masks: Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts: Aikikai Hombu Dojo. During its construction, <mask> rented a property nearby, where he was visited by Kanō Jigorō, the founder of judo. During this period, <mask> was invited to teach at a number of military institutes, due to his close personal relationships with key figures in the military (among them Sadao Araki, the Japanese Minister of War). He accepted an invitation from Admiral Sankichi Takahashi to be the martial arts instructor at the Imperial Japanese Naval Academy, and also taught at the Nakano Spy School, although aikido was later judged to be too technical for the students there and karate was adopted instead. He also became a visiting instructor at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy after being challenged by (and defeating) General Makoto Miura, another student of Takeda Sōkaku's Daitō-ryū. Takeda himself met <mask> for the last time around 1935, while <mask> was teaching at the Osaka headquarters of the Asahi Shimbun newspaper.Frustrated by the appearance of his teacher, who was openly critical of <mask>'s martial arts and who appeared intent on taking over the classes there, <mask> left Osaka during the night, bowing to the residence in which Takeda was staying and thereafter avoiding all contact with him. Between 1940 and 1942 he made several visits to Manchukuo (Japanese occupied Manchuria) where he was the principal martial arts instructor at Kenkoku University. Whilst in Manchuria, he met and defeated the sumo wrestler Tenryū Saburō during a demonstration. The "Second Ōmoto Incident" in 1935 saw another government crackdown on Deguchi's sect, in

masks: Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts: which the Ayabe compound was destroyed and most of the group's leaders imprisoned. Although he had relocated to Tokyo, <mask> had retained links with the Ōmoto-kyō group (he had in fact helped Deguchi to establish a paramilitary branch of the sect only three years earlier) and expected to be arrested as one of its senior members. However, he had a good relationship with the local police commissioner Kenji Tomita and the chief of police Gīchi Morita, both of whom had been his students. As a result, although he was taken in for interrogation, he was released without charge on Morita's authority.In 1932, <mask>'s daughter Matsuko was married to the swordsman Kiyoshi Nakakura, who was adopted as <mask>'s heir under the name Morihiro <mask>. The marriage ended after a few years, and Nakakura left the family in 1937. <mask> later designated his son Kisshomaru as the heir to his martial art. The 1930s saw Japan's invasion of mainland Asia and increased military activity in Europe. <mask> was concerned about the prospect of war, and became involved in a number of efforts to try and forestall the conflict that would eventually become World War II. He was part of a group, along with Shūmei Ōkawa and several wealthy Japanese backers, that tried to broker a deal with Harry Chandler to export aviation fuel from the United States to Japan (in contravention of the oil embargo that was currently in force), although this effort ultimately failed. In 1941 <mask> also undertook a secret diplomatic mission to China at the behest of Prince Fumimaro Konoe.The intended goal was a meeting

masks: Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts:
 with Chiang Kai-shek to establish peace talks, but <mask> was unable to meet with the Chinese leader, arriving too late to fulfil his mission. Iwama, 1942–1969

From 1935 onwards, <mask> had been purchasing land in Iwama in Ibaraki Prefecture, and by the early 1940s had acquired around  of farmland there. In 1942, disenchanted with the war-mongering and political manoeuvring in the capital, he left Tokyo and moved to Iwama permanently, settling in a small farmer's cottage. Here he founded the Aiki Shuren Dojo, also known as the Iwama dojo, and the Aiki Shrine, a devotional shrine to the "Great Spirit of Aiki". During this time he travelled extensively in Japan, particularly in the Kansai region, teaching his aikido. Despite the prohibition on the teaching of martial arts after World War II, <mask> and his students continued to practice in secret at the Iwama dojo; the Hombu dojo in Tokyo was in any case being used as a refugee centre for citizens displaced by the severe firebombing. It was during this period that <mask> met and befriended Koun Nakanishi, an expert in kotodama.The study of kotodama was to become one of <mask>'s passions in later life, and Nakanishi's work inspired <mask>'s concept of takemusu aiki. The rural nature of his new home in Iwama allowed <mask> to concentrate on the second great passion of his life: farming. He had been born into a farming family and spent much of his life cultivating the land, from his settlement days in Hokkaidō to his work in Ayabe trying to make the Ōmoto-kyō compound self-sufficient. He viewed farming as a logical


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts: complement to martial arts; both were physically demanding and required single-minded dedication. Not only did his farming activities provide a useful cover for martial arts training under the government's restrictions, it also provided food for Ueshiba, his students and other local families at a time when food shortages were commonplace. The government prohibition (on aikido, at least) was lifted in 1948 with the creation of the Aiki Foundation, established by the Japanese Ministry of Education with permission from the Occupation forces. The Hombu dojo re-opened the following year.After the war <mask> effectively retired from aikido. He delegated most of the work of running the Hombu dojo and the Aiki Federation to his son Kisshomaru, and instead chose to spend much of his time in prayer, meditation, calligraphy and farming. He still travelled extensively to promote aikido, even visiting Hawaii in 1961. He also appeared in a television documentary on aikido: NTV's The Master of Aikido, broadcast in January 1960. <mask> maintained links with the Japanese nationalist movement even in later life; his student Kanshu Sunadomari reported that <mask> temporarily sheltered Mikami Taku, one of the naval officers involved in the May 15 Incident, at Iwama. In 1969, <mask> became ill. He led his last training session on March 10, and was taken to hospital where he was diagnosed with cancer of the liver.He died suddenly on April 26, 1969. His body was buried at Kozan-ji Temple Tanabe-shi Wakayama Japan, and he was given the posthumous Buddhist title "Aiki-in Moritake En'yū


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts:
 Daidōshi" (); parts of his hair were enshrined at Ayabe, Iwama and Kumano. Two months later, his wife Hatsu ( <mask> Hatsu, née Itokawa Hatsu; 1881–1969) also died. Development of aikido

Aikido—usually translated as the Way of Unifying Spirit or the Way of Spiritual Harmony—is a fighting system that focuses on throws, pins and joint locks together with some striking techniques. It emphasises protecting the opponent and promotes spiritual and social development. The technical curriculum of aikido was derived from the teachings of Takeda Sōkaku; the basic techniques of aikido stem from his Daitō-ryū system. In the earlier years of his teaching, from the 1920s to the mid-1930s, <mask> taught the Daitō-ryū Aiki-jūjutsu system; his early students' documents bear the term Daitō-ryū.Indeed, Ueshiba trained one of the future highest grade earners in Daitō-ryū, Takuma Hisa, in the art before Takeda took charge of Hisa's training. The early form of training under <mask> was noticeably different from later forms of aikido. It had a larger curriculum, increased use of strikes to vital points (atemi) and a greater use of weapons. The schools of aikido developed by <mask>'s students from the pre-war period tend to reflect the harder style of the early training. These students included Kenji Tomiki (who founded the Shodokan Aikido sometimes called Tomiki-ryū), Noriaki Inoue (who founded Shin'ei Taidō), Minoru Mochizuki (who founded Yoseikan Budo) and Gozo Shioda (who founded Yoshinkan Aikido). Many of these styles are therefore considered "pre-war styles", although some of these


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts:
 teachers continued to train with Ueshiba in the years after World War II. During his lifetime, <mask> had three spiritual experiences that impacted greatly on his understanding of the martial arts.The first occurred in 1925, after <mask> had defeated a naval officer's bokken (wooden katana) attacks unarmed and without hurting the officer. <mask> then walked to his garden, where he had the following realisation:

His second experience occurred in 1940 when engaged in the ritual purification process of misogi. His third experience was in 1942 during the worst fighting of World War II, when <mask> had a vision of the "Great Spirit of Peace". After these events, <mask> seemed to slowly grow away from Takeda, and he began to change his art. These changes are reflected in the differing names with which he referred to his system, first as aiki-jūjutsu, then Ueshiba-ryū, Asahi-ryū, and aiki budō. In 1942, when <mask>'s group joined the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai, the martial art that <mask> developed finally came to be known as aikido. As <mask> grew older, more skilled, and more spiritual in his outlook, his art also changed and became softer and more gentle.Martial techniques became less important, and more focus was given to the control of ki. In his own expression of the art there was a greater emphasis on what is referred to as kokyū-nage, or "breath throws" which are soft and blending, utilizing the opponent's movement in order to throw them. <mask> regularly practiced cold water misogi, as well as other spiritual and religious rites, and viewed his studies of aikido as


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts:
 part of this spiritual training. Over the years, <mask> trained a large number of students, many of whom later became famous teachers in their own right and developed their own styles of aikido. Some of them were uchi-deshi, live-in students. <mask> placed many demands on his uchi-deshi, expecting them to attend him at all times, act as training partners (even in the middle of the night), arrange his travel plans, massage and bathe him, and assist with household chores. There were roughly four generations of students, comprising the pre-war students (training 1921–1935), students who trained during the Second World War (c.1936–1945), the post-war students in Iwama (c.1946–1955) and the students who trained with <mask> during his final years (c.1956–c.1969).As a result of <mask>'s martial development throughout his life, students from each of these generations tend to have markedly different approaches to aikido. These variations are compounded by the fact that few students trained with <mask> for a protracted period; only Yoichiro Inoue, Kenji Tomiki, Gozo Shioda, Morihiro Saito, Tsutomu Yukawa and Mitsugi Saotome studied directly under <mask> for more than five or six years. After the war, Ueshiba and the Hombu Dojo dispatched some of their students to various other countries, resulting in aikido spreading around the world. Honors
 Medal of Honor (Purple Ribbon) (Japan), 1960
 Order of the Rising Sun, Gold Rays with Rosette, 1964
 Order of the Sacred Treasure (Japan), 1968

Works
 <mask> <mask>, The Secret Teachings of Aikido (2008), Kodansha International,

masks: Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Ueshiba Morihei Ueshiba


title: Morihei Ueshiba

texts:
 <mask> <mask>, Budo: Teachings of the Founder of Aikido (1996), Kodansha International,
 <mask> <mask>, The Essence of Aikido: Spiritual Teachings of Morihei <mask> (1998), Kodansha International,
 Morihei Ueshiba, The Art of Peace (2007), Shambhala,  - selection from Morihei's talks, poems, calligraphy and oral tradition, including excerpt from Budo, Aikido: The Spiritual Dimension, and Aiki Shinzui compiled and translated by John Stevens

References

1883 births
1969 deaths
Deaths from cancer in Japan
Deaths from liver cancer
Japanese aikidoka
Japanese Shintoists
Martial arts school founders
People from Tanabe, Wakayama
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 4th class
20th-century philanthropists
Imperial Japanese Army soldiers
Japanese military personnel of the Russo-Japanese

masks: Morihei Ueshiba Morihei Ueshiba Ueshiba


title: Brandon Hardesty

texts:
<mask> (born April 13, 1987) is an American comedic performer and actor Hardesty posts original comedy videos as well as "uncanny" recreations of scenes from movies, playing every part himself. The Village Voice writer Julian Dibbell has called his works "web culture at its finest." Personal life
Hardesty was born in Baltimore, Maryland, the youngest child in the family. He is the son of Susan and <mask>, who is a pianist. Hardesty's mother collected silly hats and placed a suit of armor in the dining room "just for fun;" his father wrote jingles in addition to teaching music and directing the church choir. Hardesty's parents described him as sweet-natured, funny, and introverted. His parents withdrew him from his small Christian elementary school in second grade, fearing that the attending was too rigid for their son.Instead, he was home-schooled until middle school. While at Baltimore Lutheran School, a teacher convinced Hardesty into acting in the school's theater productions, though he was too self-conscious to allow his family to attend his performances. He practiced his social skills while working as a cashier at Weis Markets, a nearby grocery store where he worked on weekends and after school. In college, Hardesty majored in film, while making YouTube videos on the side. After attracting attention with his video, Strange Faces and Noises I Can Make III, a producer, Edwin Marshall, expressed interest in professionally representing Hardesty. The same video got national attention from a popular Geico commercial in 2007 and 2008. In late 2007, Hardesty auditioned for a role in the film Bart Got a Room.Shortly

masks:
Brandon Allan Hardesty
Brent Hardesty


title: Brandon Hardesty

texts:
 videos, a producer of the film Bart Got a Room e-mailed Hardesty expressing interest in casting him for a supporting role. Hardesty auditioned, got the part, and spent three weeks in Florida for the shoot. After the film Hardesty continued to audition for films and TV shows eventually landing a lead role in American Pie Presents: The Book of Love, as well as a supporting role in the film Bucky Larson: Born to Be a Star, both filmed in 2009. From 2009 to 2012, Hardesty was cast as a lead in a CBS pilot entitled Living On A Prayer and posted a YouTube video doing a celebration dance, but it was not picked up by the network.He was cast as a lead in a short film "Ham Sandwich," directed by David Green. In 2013 <mask> has been cast in roles in the film Seven Minutes as well as The Scorpion King 4: Quest for Power, the fourth installment in the Mummy film franchise. Filmography

References

External links

1987 births
21st-century American male actors
American men podcasters
American podcasters
Living people
Male actors from Baltimore
Stevenson University alumni
Towson University alumni
Male YouTubers
American YouTubers
Comedy YouTubers
YouTube filmmakers
YouTube vloggers
Entertainment-related YouTube channels
Commentary


title: Clint Black

texts: <mask> (born February 4, 1962) is an American country music singer, songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor. Signed to RCA Nashville in 1989, <mask>'s debut album [[Killin' Time (<mask> album)|Killin' Time]] produced four straight number one singles on the US Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks charts. Although his momentum gradually slowed throughout the 1990s, <mask> consistently charted hit songs into the 2000s. He has had more than 30 singles on the US Billboard country charts, twenty-two of which have reached number one, in addition to having released twelve studio albums and several compilation albums. In 2003, <mask> founded his own record label, Equity Music Group. <mask> has also ventured into acting, having made appearances in a 1993 episode of the TV series Wings and in the 1994 film Maverick, as well as a starring role in 1998's Still Holding On: The Legend of Cadillac Jack. <mask> has been nominated for 4 Grammy Awards for best Country Male Vocal Performance (1990 - Killin' Time, 1997 - Like the Rain, 1998 - Something That We Do, 1999 - Nothin' but the Taillights), he was also nominated for 6 Grammy Awards with 1 win in the category of Best Country Collaboration with Vocals  - "Hold On Partner" in 1991 (w/ Roy Rogers), "A Bad Goodbye" in 1993 (w/ Wynonna), "Still Holding On" in 1997 (w/ Martina McBride), "Same Old Train" in 1998 which got the Grammy Award (with Joe Diffie, Merle Haggard, Emmylou Harris, Alison Krauss, Patty Loveless, Earl Scruggs, Ricky Skaggs, Marty Stuart, Pam Tillis, Randy Travis, Travis Tritt & Dwight Yoakam), "When I Said I Do" in 1999 (w/ wife Lisa Hartman Black),

masks:
Clint Patrick Black
Black
Clint Black
Black
Black
Black
Clint


title: Clint Black

texts:
 and "Hey Good Lookin'" in 2004 (Jimmy Buffett, Kenny Chesney, Alan Jackson, Toby Keith, and George Strait).Early life
<mask> was born in Long Branch, New Jersey, the youngest of four children of Ann (Scherma) and Gwin Augusta "G.A." <mask>, Jr., and lived in nearby Red Bank. His maternal great-grandfather was of Italian descent, with roots in Palermo, Sicily. The family moved back to Texas, where G.A<mask> had been born and raised, before <mask> was one year old. He was raised in Katy, Texas. Music was always present in the house.<mask> taught himself to play harmonica before he was 13, and at 14 wrote his first song. His father remarked that it was at that age that the parents "first noticed that he had a great voice". By 15, <mask> had learned to play guitar. As a teenager <mask> joined his elder brothers, Mark, Kevin and Brian, in their small band. On Saturday afternoons, the family would host backyard barbecues and invite the neighborhood to listen to the boys sing. Some weekends would attract up to 70 people. <mask> eventually dropped out of high school to play with his brothers, before becoming a solo act.Music career

1983–88: Early career
<mask> was initially drawn to a variety of musical genres. According to his father, he chose to focus on country music in the early 1980s, after singers George Strait and Reba McEntire moved the genre back toward the more traditional; in the style kept alive by George Jones and Merle Haggard. For six years, <mask> supported himself as a construction worker, bait cutter, and fishing guide, while singing at various lounges as a solo singer and guitarist. In 1987, at one of the gigs he met

masks:
Black
Black
. Black
Clint
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black


title: Clint Black

texts:
 another guitarist, Hayden Nicholas. The two men connected musically and began a song writing partnership that would last decades. In the late 1980s, <mask> delivered a demo of their collaboration "Nobody's Home" to record promoter Sammy Alfano. Within two days of that delivery, <mask> was invited to a meeting with Bill Ham, who managed ZZ Top.1989–91: Breakthrough
<mask> soon signed with RCA at that time considered one of the "most aggressive" labels in country music. His first album, Killin' Time, was released in 1989. Each song on the album was penned at least in part by <mask>; four of them were attributed solely to him, while the rest were collaborations with Nicholas. In a departure from most other country albums, <mask> used his road band instead of session musicians to record Killin' Time. The album was a critical and commercial success, reaching number one on the Billboard Country Albums chart and certified platinum in 1990. He made his debut in 1989 with the single, "A Better Man", which reached number one on the Billboard Hot Country Songs in early June. This marked the first time in 14 years that a debut single by a male artist had peaked at the top of the chart.In total, five singles off of his debut album reached number one, the first time any country artist had accomplished this feat. <mask> won the Country Music Association's Horizon Award for best newcomer in 1989. At the end of the year, his singles, "A Better Man" and "Killin' Time" place number one and number two on the year-end country singles charts. It had been 36 years since another artist had claimed both top spots in a single year. Looking back at the early

masks: Black Black Black Black Black Black


title: Clint Black

texts: stages of his career, <mask> recalled: "'At one point, I knew I crossed this line out of obscurity and I felt like no matter what happened from that point on I would always be remembered for "Killin' Time." There was this kind of mixed feeling of remorse and excitement.'" In late 1990, the Los Angeles Times surveyed country music industry insiders to determine which acts could be expected to sell the most records over the next seven years.<mask> placed second in the poll, two votes behind Garth Brooks. The survey results were surprising in that 10 of the top 20 artists named were relative newcomers to the industry; in the past, country music had been dominated by artists with several decades experience. The plethora of new acts confused some reviewers, however. Many reviewers lumped many of the new acts together; as Newsweeks David Gates wrote: "Good song, good voice, hot band: who cares which one it is this time?" <mask> soon became known as one of Nashville's "hat acts"; like other country artists such as Tracy Lawrence, Alan Jackson, and John Michael Montgomery, <mask> was a relative newcomer who wore a hat, and had "clean, neotraditional sound with pop appeal". Killin' Time was certified platinum in 1990. <mask>'s second album, Put Yourself in My Shoes, was released in November 1990.It reached number two on the country chart and was in the top 20 on the pop album charts. This success on the pop charts resulted from a change in the way Billboard calculated album sales; a new reliance on Nielsen SoundScan instead of information from selected record stores showed that sales of country albums had previously been under counted. The

masks: Black Black Black Black Black


title: Clint Black

texts:
 album did not meet with as much critical acclaim as his debut, but nonetheless still included several hit singles. He began touring with Alabama. <mask> has been a member of the Grand Ole Opry since 1991. 1992: Lawsuits and The Hard Way
In March 1992, <mask> sued his manager, Bill Ham, for breach of contract; <mask> sought $2 million in damages and requested that Ham return $4 million in royalties. Under the terms of their initial contract, Ham controlled all publishing royalties for any song that <mask> wrote or co-wrote for his first eight albums.Because <mask> wrote all of his own music, this amounted to a fee of 20 to 30 cents per album sold. Industry standards generally counseled songwriters to form their own publication companies, so they would be able to retain more of the royalties. Ham promptly countersued, blaming the initial lawsuit on poor advice <mask> received from his new personal assistant, his mother-in-law Jonni Hartman. His lawyer told the press that "Mr. Ham invested $1 million of his own money in <mask>'s career at a time when nobody else would do so. For that commitment, Mr. <mask> should show a little gratitude and honor his contracts". By mid-1992, <mask>'s first two albums had sold a combined 5 million copies. The difficulties with Ham caused a delay in the release of <mask>'s third album, The Hard Way, which was released on July 14.The album had been expected the year previously, and during the delay the country music scene changed. Both Alan Jackson and Travis Tritt achieved greater success, and Billy Ray Cyrus became a teen idol. The competition that <mask> faced was now much stiffer than with his earlier

masks:
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Black
Clint Black
Black
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Black
Black


title: Clint Black

texts:
 albums. According to <mask>, he and producer James Stroud spent more time putting this album together than either of those preceding and were "a lot more aggressive in the way we cut and mixed the album". <mask> was also more satisfied with the vocals on this album. Several of the songs on The Hard Way, including "Burn One Down", were initially reported to be <mask>'s responses to his situation with Ham. Co writer Nicholas refuted the rumors, maintaining that most of those songs were written in the late 1980s.To promote the album, <mask> launched The Hard Way Tour on June 26, 1992. The tour ran for 11 months. Reviewers noticed that with this album <mask> presented a "new, sexier image", wearing tighter clothing and in many cases leaving behind his trademark hat. <mask> commented simply that he was bored wearing the hat all the time. 1993–99: Continued success
<mask>'s fourth album, No Time to Kill was released almost a year after The Hard Way. The album received mixed reviews. The Houston Chronicle noted that <mask>'s duet with Wynonna Judd, "A Bad Goodbye", was "precisely the kind of radio-ready, big-production ballad that record companies tend to force on their artists when they sense that their careers are in trouble....[I]t sticks out like a sore thumb in his body of work."On the other hand, a review in Time magazine thought the duet helped <mask> show his emotions more intensely. Some reviewers also noted that in some of the more serious songs on the album, <mask>'s voice sounded strained. One Emotion followed in late 1994. Also a platinum certified album in the US, this album accounted for five straight top five hits. First

masks: Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black Black


title: Clint Black

texts: was the number four "Untanglin' My Mind", a Merle Haggard co-write. After it came the number three "Wherever You Go", three-week number one "Summer's Comin'", the number two title track and finally the number four "Life Gets Away." The latter two were also number one country hits in Canada.In 1996, <mask> became the fourth country music singer to earn a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.The first three were Gene Autry, Roy Rogers, and Garth Brooks. Later that year, he released his first greatest-hits package. This was led off by the chart-topper "Like the Rain", which spent three weeks at number one. After it came the number six "Half Way Up", his first single since "One More Payment" to miss the top five. <mask>'s next album, 1997's Nothin' but the Taillights, was released to mediocre reviews. Thom Owens of AllMusic said that the album made no attempt to change his sound, and was "sturdy" but less country than his previous efforts. Lead-off single "Still Holding On", a duet with labelmate Martina McBride, became his first single to land outside the top 10, with a number 11 peak that year.He soon recovered his chart momentum with the number two "Something That We Do" followed by two straight chart-toppers in the album's Steve Wariner-penned title track and "The Shoes You're Wearing". The next two singles – the number 12 "Loosen Up My Strings" and number 29 "You Don't Need Me Now" – were less successful. In 1998, he ventured slightly into Big Band Jazz when he recorded a cover of the Christmas song "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer" for the soundtrack of the animated movie of the same name. In 1999, <mask> released D'lectrified, which

masks: Black Black Black


title: Clint Black

texts:
 relied completely on acoustic instruments. Nevertheless, USAToday thought the "album sounds as full and brash as an electric album since he used creative arrangements and horn sections". Three of the songs on the albums were remakes of previous Black singles. Several others featured guest appearances by some of <mask>'s idols, including Waylon Jennings, Kenny Loggins, and Eric Idle.The songs tended to be longer than most of those played on country radio, with many stretching more than five minutes. 1999–2013: Later career

<mask> and Hartman welcomed their first child, Lily Pearl <mask>, in May 2001. <mask> took a three-year break from the music industry to stay home with his daughter. He explained that "it ended up not being a smart career move, but it was a real smart dad move. …  I wouldn't go back and try to do anything for my career in exchange for that." During his sabbatical, <mask> spent time reassessing his career. After deciding he was unwilling to work within the current recording industry system, he formed his own record label, Equity Music Group.<mask> admitted that it was difficult to leave RCA. In his 14 years with the label, he had sold over 20 million records. The new label operated under very different rules than those <mask> had begun his own career under. Artists were guaranteed ownership of their songs and were granted an equity stake in the label. The first release from the new label was <mask>'s next album, Spend My Time; his eighth studio album was <mask>'s first release in five years. The Houston Chronicle called it "arguably the most adventurous of his career". In 2005 <mask> released Drinkin' Songs and


title: Clint Black

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 Other Logic.<mask> chose the title of the album to limit himself to simple topics in his past. He explained: "I went out and bought all the music I grew up on that I didn't already have and spent three months listening to only that. Only stuff from before I started making records, so it was pre-1989—Waylon, Willie, Buck Owens, Haggard, Don Williams, Jim Croce. And what I discovered was a simplicity in song that I had moved away from. It was quite an emotional journey because these were all the songs that moved me and inspired me to do what I've been doing ever since." <mask> has continued to record new material, however. In 2007, he released the single "The Strong One" the first original song he has recorded that he did not write.The song was included on his first digital EP, released on March 11, 2008. Titled "The Long Cool EP," the collection features <mask>'s single, "Long Cool Woman", "The Strong One" and a duet with his wife titled "You Still Get to Me". Equity Music Group closed its doors in December 2008 due to economic difficulties. <mask> was also a judge for the 8th annual Independent Music Awards to support independent artists. 2013–present: Return to music
Since the closure of his label in 2008, <mask> had intermittently hinted at a new album that never materialized. In 2013, he issued a Cracker Barrel-exclusive album which featured re-recorded versions of some of his biggest hits as well as three new songs. <mask> stated that he hired the same musicians that had played on the original versions to perform the new ones, and that some songs were approached from a "fresh angle" while others were made to be as close to the


title: Clint Black

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 originals as possible.In early 2015, <mask> appeared with Joe Nichols on the ACM Superstar Duets special, which featured modern artists teaming up with older icons that had influenced their music. In July 2015, it was reported that <mask> had signed a new record deal with independent label Thirty Tigers to release an album of new studio material in the Fall. The record title was revealed shortly thereafter as On Purpose, with a release date of September 25. <mask>'s next album, Out of Sane, was released in 2020. Songwriting
Few country singers fill their albums primarily with their own material, and although RCA Records often pushed <mask> to record the material of other artists, he refused. <mask> recorded only his own songs until 2007, when he released the single "The Strong One". Many of his songs were the result of a collaboration with Hayden Nicholas.Their first collaboration, "Straight From the Factory", took them only 20 minutes to write, although Nicholas would later comment that "most of 'em weren't that easy". Many listeners were incredulous that such a young man (27 at the release of his first album) could have such "a remarkably mature perspective". According to <mask>, "To me, a song is more than just something to sing. It's something to learn from. It's somebody else's true feeling. I'm always trying to get at the meaning. ...When I write a line, I'm doing the same thing. I'm looking at it from the perspective of if I was driving down the road listening to it, what am I gonna get out of it?" Many of his songs make clever use of puns and other creative turns of phrase. While the wordplay in many of the songs on his


title: Clint Black

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 earlier albums was widely appreciated, by the fourth album reviewers felt that the songs were not as high in quality. Rick Mitchell of the Houston Chronicle stated his opinion that The Hard Way "clever wordplay is no substitute for heartfelt emotion". Film and television
Shortly after his music career took off, he began receiving offers for acting roles. He turned down every request until 1994, when he was offered a bit part in the star-studded comedy film Maverick.Although the part required very little actual acting, after the movie's release <mask> received an increasing number of calls from directors who thought he would be perfect for a particular role. <mask> has appeared in several television shows, including Wings and The Larry Sanders Show. He has since starred in the 1998 television film, Still Holding On: The Legend of Cadillac Jack, based on the rodeo star Jack Favor, who was falsely accused of double murders in Haughton, Louisiana, in 1967. Lisa Hartman <mask> portrayed Ponder I. Favor, Jack's wife. <mask> had a major role in another television movie Going Home, and appeared briefly in the 2003 film Anger Management. He has also had a presence on various reality television shows.In 2003, <mask> appeared on Nashville Star, where he acted as a mentor to the contestants. Later that year, <mask> also appeared on the ABC sitcom Hope & Faith in the episode "Hope and Faith Get Randy". He later produced the debut album of series winner Buddy Jewell. In 2004, <mask> appeared as himself in the TV show Las Vegas. In 2008, <mask> was a contestant on a short-lived CBS reality show, Secret Talents of the Stars, in which he practiced

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 stand-up comedy. The following year, he competed on the second season of Celebrity Apprentice. He was fired after the eleventh task, placing himself in fifth place, although he returned as a member of Joan Rivers's victorious team in the season finale.In 2009, <mask> appeared on ABC's Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. <mask> has enjoyed his television experiences, describing acting as "another way for me to expand my creative canvas. ... I love to challenge myself." He believes that most of his fans "just see me as a musician who is stepping into [television and film] temporarily and either doing it alright or not". More recently, he appeared in the movies Flicka 2 in 2010 and Flicka: Country Pride in 2012. On July 4, 2012, <mask> appeared on an episode of Lifetime's reality series, Coming Home, which documents servicemen and women returning to their loved ones in surprise reunions.In the episode, he is featured helping two children write a song about their Army captain father, who is returning from Afghanistan to surprise his family. On July 24, 2012, <mask> is surprised by History Detectives on PBS. In the episode, the show pays a visit to his Nashville residence, to uncover the story behind an artifact given to him by his wife decades ago. In 2020, <mask> and Lisa appeared on the fourth season of The Masked Singer as "Snow Owls", notably competing as the series' first duet competitors while riding in an egg-shaped vehicle. <mask> participated in the seventh season of Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr. His episode aired in 2021. Musical styles and legacy
Merle Haggard, Waylon Jennings, George Strait, and Willie Nelson

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title: Clint Black

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 are <mask>'s biggest musical influences. His style is traditional country.His voice is described as a smooth baritone and was initially compared to Merle Haggard's. <mask> was self-taught on harmonica, guitar and bass at an early age. On his studio albums he plays acoustic and electric guitars as well as harmonica. In concert he plays primarily guitar, but does play drums and harmonica. Personal life
<mask> began dating actress Lisa Hartman in 1990. The couple kept their relationship very quiet. The first picture of the two of them together was not published until the week they were engaged.The couple married in Katy, Texas, in October 1991. <mask> and Lisa Hartman <mask> have a daughter, Lily Pearl <mask>, born in 2001. As of 2002, he and his wife reside in Nashville, Tennessee, after living in Laurel Canyon, Los Angeles,


title: Elma Lewis

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<mask> (September 15, 1921 – January 1, 2004) was an American arts educator and the founder of the National Center of Afro-American Artists  and The Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts. She was one of the first recipients of a MacArthur Fellows Grant, in 1981, and received a Presidential Medal for the Arts by President Ronald Reagan in 1983. She is also an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha sorority. Early life and education

<mask> was born September 15, 1921, in Boston to parents Clairmont and <mask> who had immigrated from Barbados. <mask> had two older brothers, Darnley and George from her mother’s previous marriage. She attended the Ruggles Street Nursery School in 1924 where she was told her IQ was higher than it would be when she grew older. That memory stayed with her and would eventually prompt her to start her own school later on.Her parents were followers of Marcus Garvey to whose ideas she attributes her racial pride and desire to promote African culture. <mask> attended Roxbury Memorial High School for Girls where she studied voice, piano, and dance. She worked her way through college by acting in local theatre productions and graduated from Emerson College (B.L.I., 1943), and Boston University School of Education (M.Ed., 1944). After graduating from Boston University, <mask> taught speech therapy at Massachusetts Mental Health Center, the New England Hospital, and the Habit Clinic of Boston. She also taught dance and drama at the Cambridge Community Center and fine arts at the Harriet Tubman House. At age 23, <mask> and her parents moved from Dudley street in Roxbury to a house on Homestead street where she lived until her death. In 1951 <mask>’s mother, Edwardine died.Her brother Darnley then moved into the downstairs section of the house with his wife and kids. Arts education

The Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts (ELSFA)

In 1950 <mask> founded The Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts to provide arts education for the African-American community in Boston with a comprehensive

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Elma Ina Lewis
Lewis
Edwardine Lewis
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title: Elma Lewis

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 program across the visual and performing arts. The teaching program at the school was focused on building character and multidisciplinary arts instruction through performance and exhibitions. Her school attracted many top professionals in the fine arts resulting in a very rigorous program. At its peak, the school enrolled 700 students and employed 100 teachers. Many of the school's graduates went on to a successful career in entertainment. Many attribute the notoriety of <mask>’s school to the political culture of the time.Boston experienced a desegregation crisis in the mid 1970s after court-ordered desegregation of schools. Due to financial problems, enrollment in the school begin to dwindle. After years of battling financial crisis, and owing back taxes the school’s site was foreclosed on in 1997. National Center of Afro-American Artists (NCAAA)

<mask> founded the National Center of Afro-American Artists which served as an umbrella organization for the school, local arts groups, and a museum. The site which overlooked Franklin Park, was previously the Temple Mishkan Tefila and adjoining school. It was turned over to <mask>' organized by Jewish Philanthropists as part of the process of Jews leaving the city of Boston. Before acquiring this site, the school had passed through multiple locations which caused financial problems.By the 1980s, the center was in debt up to $720,000. The annual production of Langston Hughes’ Black Nativity became a staple of the organization and was directed every year by <mask> herself. Technical Theatre Program
<mask> developed the Technical Theatre Program at the Massachusetts Correctional Institute. The 750 inmates at the Norfolk Prison who were enrolled in the program put on performances and learned skills such as musical composition. In 1972 the book “Black Voices from Norfolk Prison” describing their experiences was published with a foreword by <mask>. Later life

Awards and affiliations

<mask> was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of

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title: Elma Lewis

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 Arts and Sciences in 1977. She was involved in promoting African American culture through art forms.She served as a board member for various organizations, including the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Congressional Black Caucus, Metropolitan Cultural Alliance, and NAACP <mask> also received the Commonwealth Award, Massachusetts’ highest award in the arts, and myriad other honors including nearly thirty honorary doctorates from various universities. In October 2003, the National Visionary Leadership Project in ceremonies at Washington’s J. F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, named Miss <mask>, along with Ray Charles and John Hope Franklin, as a Visionary Elder." She is commemorated on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail. <mask> received a $350,000 grant from the Rockefeller foundation to update the school and pay the salaries of the school's staff. In 1981, <mask> was awarded the genius grant by the John D. and Catherine MacArthur Foundation. This grant was part of a five-year program where 21 MacArthur Prize Fellows would be awarded a yearly sum for their achievements in creativity. In 1983 she received the Presidential Medal for Arts from President Reagan.In 1986 <mask> received the Monarch Award from the National Council for Culture and Art. Each year the Council awarded two individuals for live achievements in the performing and visual arts. Community Involvement

<mask> became known as the Grande Dame of Arts in Roxbury due to her school, achievements in performing arts, and her community involvement. <mask> often traveled around the world to speak at conferences and inform on the state of African-American culture as well as her experiences in running the NCAAA. In 1980, <mask> was diagnosed with diabetes. She continued to spearhead cultural programs throughout Boston. She started the Elma Lewis Playhouse in Franklin Park during the summer months which boasted artists such as Duke Ellington and Arthur Fiedler.She further launched a clean-up campaign remove debris

masks: Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: Elma Lewis

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 and drug paraphenalia from Franklin Park. The Elma Lewis Playhouse was renamed the Elma Lewis Theater at Franklin Park in 2003. In September 1996, Roxbury hosted a salute to the “Grande Dame,” which was a three day birthday celebration of <mask>’s achievements and life. It included events at many venues around the city and attracted prominent members of society including poet Maya Angelou and the UN Ambassador. <mask> was beginning to suffer from severe complications of diabetes. For her 76th birthday, she collected papers, photographs, musical notes, and other memorabilia to give to Northeastern University for a living archive. Death

On January 1, 2004, <mask> <mask> died at the age of 82 in her Boston home from pulmonary complications stemming from diabetes.References

External links
The Elma Lewis records are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA. The Elma Lewis School of Fine Arts records, 1954-1992 are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA. The National Center of Afro–American Artists records 1924–1998 are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA. The Museum of the National Center of Afro-American Artists records, 1966-1998 are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA. The John Ross papers, 1963-2006 are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA. 1921 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American educators
Boston University School of Education alumni
Emerson College alumni
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
MacArthur Fellows
People from Boston
United States National Medal of Arts recipients
Museum founders
20th-century women educators
20th-century philanthropists
20th-century African-American educators
21st-century African-American

masks: Lewis Lewis Elma Lewis


title: France Gall

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<mask> (; 9 October 1947 – 7 January 2018), known professionally as <mask>, was a French yé-yé singer. In 1965, aged 17, she won the Eurovision Song Contest for Luxembourg. Between 1973 and 1992, she collaborated with singer-songwriter Michel Berger. Early years
<mask> was born in Paris on 9 October 1947, to a highly musical family. Her father, the lyricist <mask>, wrote songs for Édith Piaf and Charles Aznavour. Her mother, Cécile Berthier, was a singer as well and the daughter of Paul Berthier, the co-founder of Les Petits Chanteurs à la Croix de Bois. The only daughter of her family, France had two brothers: Patrice and Philippe.In spring 1963, <mask> encouraged his daughter to record songs and send the demos to the music publisher Denis Bourgeois. That July, she auditioned for Bourgeois at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées in Paris, after which Bourgeois wanted to sign her immediately. France was subsequently signed to Philips. At the time, Bourgeois was working for the label as artistic director for Serge Gainsbourg and assumed this role for <mask> as well. He encouraged her to record four tracks with the French jazz musician, arranger and composer Alain Goraguer. Early career
The first airplay of France's first single, "Ne sois pas si bête" ("Don't Be So Stupid"), occurred on her 16th birthday. It was released in November and became a hit, selling 200,000 copies.Gainsbourg, who had released several albums and written songs for singers including Michèle Arnaud and Juliette Gréco, was asked by Bourgeois to write songs for <mask>. Gainsbourg's "N'écoute pas les idoles" ("Don't listen to the idols") was <mask>'s second single; it reached the top of the French charts in March 1964 and stayed there for three weeks. At the same time, <mask> made her live debut, opening for Sacha Distel in Belgium. She teamed up with Distel's business manager,

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Isabelle Genevive Marie Anne Gall
France Gall
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Robert Gall
Robert Gall
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title: France Gall

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 Maurice Tézé, a lyricist, which allowed her to create an original repertoire, unlike the majority of her contemporaries who sang adaptations of Anglophone hits. Elaborate orchestrations by Alain Goraguer blended styles, permitting her to navigate between jazz, children's songs, and anything in between. Examples of this mixed-genre style included "Jazz à gogo" (by Alain Goraguer and <mask>) and "Mes premières vraies vacances" (by Jacques Datin and Maurice Vidalin). Gall and Gainsbourg's association produced many popular singles, continuing through the summer of 1964 with the hit song "Laisse tomber les filles" ("Leave the girls alone") followed by "Christiansen" by Datin-Vidalin.Gainsbourg also secretly recorded <mask>'s laughter to use on "", a track on his 1964 album Gainsbourg Percussions. 1965
Having previously resisted, <mask> gave in to her managers at the end of 1964 and recorded a single intended for children. The song "Sacré Charlemagne", written by her father, and set to the music of George Liferman, was a hit in 1965, peaking at number one in France and number five in Turkey. Eurovision

<mask> was then selected to represent Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1965. From the ten songs proposed to her, she chose Gainsbourg's "Poupée de cire, poupée de son". On 20 March 1965, Gainsbourg, <mask>, and Goraguer attended the finals of the song contest in Naples, where the song was "allegedly booed in rehearsals for straying so far from the sort of song usually heard in the Contest at this point." Although the delivery during the live show may not have been <mask>'s strongest performance — one critic wrote that <mask>'s performance was "far from perfect," another noted that her voice was out of tune and her complexion pale, and when <mask> called Claude François, her lover at the time, immediately after the performance, he shouted at

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 her, "You sang off key.You were terrible!" — the song impressed the jury and it took the Grand Prix. Success at Eurovision ensured that <mask> became even more known outside Europe and she recorded "Poupée de cire, poupée de son" in French, German, Italian and Japanese. There appears to be no English version released by France <mask>, although there was an English cover version by the English 1960s star Twinkle. Summer tour
In 1965, <mask> toured France for several months with "Le Grand Cirque de France" ("The Great Circus of France"), a combination of radio show and live circus. Her singles continued to chart successfully, including the Gainsbourg-penned "Attends ou va-t'en" ("Wait for me, or go away") and "Nous ne sommes pas des anges" ("We are not angels"). She also had a hit with the song "L'Amérique" ("America") by Eddy Marnay and Guy Magenta.Stewart Mason sums up this early period of <mask>'s career, culminating in the Eurovision win:[A]lthough many dismissed <mask> as a Francophone Lesley Gore, making fluffy and ultra-commercial pop hits with little substance, <mask>'s hits from this era stand up far better than most. Only Françoise Hardy was consistently making records up to these standards during this era. Though <mask>'s high, breathy voice was admittedly somewhat limited, she made the most of it. Even dopey hits like "Sacré Charlemagne", a duet with a pair of puppets who were the stars of a children's show on French TV, have an infectious, zesty charm; meatier tunes, like the sultry jazz-tinged ballad "Pense a Moi" and the brilliant rocker "Laisse tomber les filles", were as good as any single produced in the U.S. or Great Britain at the time. Film opportunities
After a TV film directed by Jean-Christophe Averty and dedicated to the songs of <mask> was distributed in the United States in 1965, <mask> was sought by Walt Disney to

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title: France Gall

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 appear as Alice in a musical film version of Alice in Wonderland, after having already made  Alice into a cartoon in 1951. Although <mask> had insisted she did not want to become involved in film work, this was the only project which appealed to her. The project was cancelled after Disney's death in 1966.In 1966, <mask> appeared in the television film Viva Morandi, made in the same psychoanalytical mould as the (1965) Federico Fellini film Giulietta degli Spiriti (Juliet of the Spirits). She played "La Grâce" alongside Christine Lebail, who played "La Pureté", both singing "Les Sucettes" in a segment which was prominently labelled "Fantasy", in a clear reference to the song's sexual undertones. In 1993, she considered appearing on screen for a cinematographic collaboration with her best friend, screenwriter Telsche Boorman. This planned project was never completed due to Boorman's death in 1996. In January 2010, <mask> was portrayed by Sara Forestier in a feature film released in France, Gainsbourg (Vie héroïque), based on the graphic novel by writer-director Joann Sfar. 1966
In 1966, her children's song "Les Leçons particulières" ("Private lessons") was the subject of public notoriety and displeasure; the same occurred when Jean-Christophe Averty choreographed a troupe of men on all fours to illustrate another of her children's songs, "J'ai retrouvé mon chien" ("I've found my dog"), on his television programme, Les Raisins verts. Also in 1966, <mask> released another successful song written by Gainsbourg called “Les Sucettes” (Lollipops).Though the song was superficially about a young girl, Annie, who likes aniseed flavoured lollipops, plays on words within the song revealed it to be about oral sex.<ref name="European">"SPOTLIGHT THIS WEEK: France Gall", The New European, 18 January 2018</ref> <mask> was only 18 at the time the song was

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 released and maintained that she was ignorant about the song's double entendre. She said she had sung “with an innocence of which I’m proud” and later said that her humiliation led her to avoid going out in public after being “betrayed by the adults around me”. She then refused to sing the song afterwards. She left France for a tour in Japan shortly after the song was released and was reportedly not able to trust another producer again until meeting Michel Berger. Psychedelic era and transition to adulthood
At the beginning of 1967, <mask> sang a duet with Maurice Biraud, "La Petite", which describes a young girl coveted by a friend of her father. The controversy over this performance overshadowed her release that year of Gainsbourg's poetic Néfertiti. Her next single was recorded with the orchestration of the English composer David Whitaker.New authors Frank Thomas and  were brought on board. They wrote "Bébé requin" ("Baby Shark"), a song which was a success for <mask> at the end of 1967, her last one for 6 years . This was followed by "Teenie Weenie Boppie", an anti-LSD song by Gainsbourg, which has been described as "a bizarre tune about a deadly LSD trip that somehow involves Mick Jagger". Gainsbourg then sang an anti-capital punishment song with <mask>, "Qui se souvient de Caryl Chessman?" ("Anyone remember Caryl Chessman? "), about the death row prisoner. Stewart Mason wrote about this period, "The psychedelic era found <mask>, under Gainsbourg's guidance, singing increasingly strange songs ... set to some of Gainsbourg's most out-there arrangements."Her next record "C'est toi que je veux", again with Whitaker, also failed to make an impact. With this string of recordings in the late 1960s, none of them an unmitigated success, and making the transition from teen-age to adult performer, <mask> faced some challenges in this period


title: France Gall

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 through the early 1970s. Mason wrote,No longer a teenager, but without a new persona to redefine herself with, (and without the help of Gainsbourg, whose time was taken by his own albums and those of his wife Jane Birkin), <mask> floundered both commercially and artistically. A label change from Philips to BASF in 1972 didn't help matters ..."

German-language career

Although struggling in her home country, <mask> regularly recorded in Germany from 1966 to 1972, in particular with the composer and orchestrator Werner Müller. She had a successful German career with songs by Horst Buchholz and Giorgio Moroder: "Love, l'amour und Liebe" (1967), "Hippie, hippie" (1968), "Ich liebe dich, so wie du bist" ("I love you the way you are") (1969) and "Mein Herz kann man nicht kaufen" ("My heart is not for sale") (1970). Her other German hits included "Haifischbaby (Bébé requin)", "Die schönste Musik, die es gibt" ("The most beautiful music there is"/"Music To Watch Girls By"), "Was will ein Boy" ("What does a boy want?") (1967), "Ja, ich sing" ("Yes, I sing"), "A Banda (Zwei Apfelsinen im Haar)" ("Two oranges in my hair"), "Der Computer Nr.3" (1968), "Ein bisschen Goethe, ein bisschen Bonaparte" ("A bit of Goethe, a bit of Bonaparte"), "I like Mozart" (1969), "Dann schon eher der Piano player" ("I prefer the piano player") (1970), "Ali Baba Und Die 40 Räuber" ("Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves") (1971), "Komm mit mir nach Bahia, Miguel" ("Come with me to Bahia, Miguel") (1972). Post-Gainsbourg career
New label, new beginnings
<mask> had several other releases in France in 1968, none of which aroused any great interest. At the end of 1968, on reaching the age of 21, <mask> separated from Denis Bourgeois and spread her wings upon the expiration of her contract with Philips. She moved to a new record label, La Compagnie, in 1969, with whom her father Robert

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title: France Gall

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 signed a contract, where she made a number of recordings, but did not succeed in finding a coherent style with Norbert Saada as artistic director. She went her own way in 1969 with two adaptations: one Italian and the other British: "L'Orage/La Pioggia)" ("The Storm") which she sang with Gigliola Cinquetti at the 1969 Sanremo Music Festival, and "Les Années folles" ("Gentlemen Please"), created by Barbara Ruskin. Her songs "Des gens bien élevés", "La Manille et la révolution", "Zozoï" and "Éléphants" were largely ignored. La Compagnie went bankrupt within three years of its creation, co-founder and singer Hugues Aufray blaming the failure entirely on Norbert Saada.The early seventies continued to be a barren period for <mask>. Although she was the first artist to be recorded in France for Atlantic Records in 1971, her singles "C'est cela l'amour" (1971) and "Chasse neige" (1971), faltered in the charts. In 1972, <mask>, for the last time, recorded songs by Gainsbourg, "Frankenstein" and "Les Petits ballons", but these also failed to chart. The results of her collaboration with Jean-Michel Rivat as artistic director, "La Quatrieme chose" (1972), "Par plaisir" and "Plus haut que moi" (1973) all failed to meet with commercial success. From the 1970s onwards, <mask> started regularly visiting Senegal. She bought a hideaway there on the island of N'Gor, close to Dakar in 1990. Collaboration with Michel Berger
Gall was enthralled by Michel Berger's music when she heard his song "Attends-moi" ("Wait for Me") one day in 1973.During a later radio broadcast, she asked him for his opinion on songs which her then producer wanted her to record. Although he was disconcerted by the quality of the songs, there would be no question of collaboration. Only six months later, in 1974, after she sang vocals on the song "Mon fils rira du rock'n'roll" on Berger's

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title: France Gall

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 new album, <mask>'s publisher asked him, at her behest, to write for her. Gall had already made her mind up that "It will be him and nobody else". In 1974, "La Déclaration d'amour" was to be the first in a long line of hits which marked a turning point in <mask>'s career. Meanwhile, the two artists had fallen in love and married on 22 June 1976, the only marriage for both. After they married, <mask> only sang songs written by Berger until his death in 1992.Musicals
In 1978, pushed by Berger, she once again trod the boards of the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées where she had auditioned 15 years earlier, starring in a show titled Made in France. The most novel aspect of this show was that, except for the Brazilian drag act Les Étoiles, the members of the orchestra, choir and the dance troupe were exclusively female. In this show, France sang "Maria vai com as outras" the original, Brazilian (Portuguese) version of "Plus haut que moi". In 1979, <mask> took part in a new show which remains memorable for many. Composed by Michel Berger and written by the Québécois author Luc Plamondon, the rock opera Starmania enjoyed a success not usual for musicals in France. The show played for one month at Palais des congrès de Paris. In 1982, <mask> rehearsed in the Palais des Sports of Paris to present Tout pour la musique, an innovative spectacle marked by its use of electronic music.The songs "Résiste" and "Il jouait du piano debout" ("He played the piano standing") quickly became French pop standards. 1980s and humanitarian projects
In 1985, <mask> joined Chanteurs Sans Frontières, on the initiative of Valérie Lagrange. She also worked for S.O.S Ethiopie for the benefit of Ethiopia under the aegis of Renaud. At the same time, she gave a successful series of concerts lasting three weeks at the new venue Le Zénith in Paris, where she performed new songs like

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title: France Gall

texts:
 "Débranche" ("Loosen-up"), "Hong-Kong Star", and gave solid acoustic performances of "Plus haut", "Diego libre dans sa tête" and "Cézanne peint". In 1985 and 1986, <mask> worked with Berger, Richard Berry, Daniel Balavoine and  for the benefit of Action Écoles, an organisation of schoolboy volunteers which collects essential food products in France for African countries where famine and drought prevail. On 14 January 1986, during a trip to Africa, Balavoine tragically perished in a helicopter crash. In 1987, the song "Évidemment", written by Berger and sung by <mask>, was a moving homage to their lost friend.The song appeared on the album Babacar. On the same album, the song "Babacar" was about a child <mask> and Berger had thought to adopt from Dakar, Senegal after meeting a mother who had begged <mask> to take her child. Instead of adopting the child Berger and <mask> decided to help financially by writing a song about the dilemma and donating the proceeds of the song to the child. The costs covered an apartment for the family and paid study costs for both the mother and child. <mask> topped the pop charts in many countries in 1987 and 1988 with another song from the Babacar album, "Ella, elle l'a" ("Ella′s got it"), a Berger tribute to Ella Fitzgerald. Following the release of Babacar, <mask> launched a new show produced by Berger. Opening at Le Zénith, the successful production toured throughout Europe, and gave rise to the live album Le Tour de France '88.1990s and later

<mask> took a break from singing in the early 1990s and did not record any more for several years to come. She did, however, make an album called Double Jeu with Berger released 12 June 1992. Following the release of Double Jeu, <mask> and Berger announced a series of concerts in various Parisian venues; this project was nearly cancelled by Berger's death from a heart


title: France Gall

texts:
 attack on 2 August 1992. Although <mask> was strongly affected by Berger's death, she wanted to complete the project they had planned. She decided to commit to the performances at Bercy and promoted the songs that she and Berger created together. She finally performed at the Bercy in September. All the songs she performed were written by Michel Berger from Double Jeu, and from their discographies.A year later, she went back on stage and performed in a new show in the Salle Pleyel in Paris featuring new musicians. The repertoire featured songs written exclusively by Berger though <mask> included her own versions of songs originally performed by others. In 1996, <mask> asked Jean-Luc Godard to produce the video clip of her song "Plus haut", taken from her album France. Godard initially refused, but later agreed, and directed a dreamy, picturesque video titled "Plus Oh!" near his residence in Rolle, Switzerland. It was given its first and only airing (due to copyright issues) on 20 April 1996 on the French television channel M6. After a year in Los Angeles, she released her eighth studio album, France, in 1996.That same year, she decided to headline at the Paris Olympia. The next year, in 1997, she announced her retirement and recorded an unplugged show for French television showcasing songs from her final album. Personal life
<mask> married her collaborator and songwriter, Michel Berger, on 22 June 1976. They had two children together, Pauline and Raphaël. Her daughter Pauline was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis soon after she was born. She and Berger had decided to focus their hopes on the progress of medical research and to keep details of Pauline's condition a secret from the public. She entered into a pact with her husband to alternate their professional projects to take care of their daughter in the hope that a cure would be found.Michel


title: France Gall

texts:
 Berger died of a heart attack in 1992, at age 44. <mask> was diagnosed with breast cancer in April 1993, which was successfully treated. Pauline died in December 1997. Following the death of her daughter, <mask> made only occasional public appearances. She was a patron of the French charity Cœurs de Femmes and a regular poker player up until her death. Death and legacy

As a farewell to her career, a documentary movie was shot in 2001, France Gall par France Gall and millions watched the documentary when it was broadcast on French television that year. <mask> staged and appeared in the 2007 France 2 documentary, Tous pour la musique, marking the 15th anniversary of Michel Berger's death.A long-term breast cancer survivor, <mask> died, aged 70, of an infection after a two-year battle with a cancer of undisclosed primary origin, at the American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly-sur-Seine on 7 January 2018. She was buried with her husband and daughter on 20 Avenue Rachel (division 29) at Montmartre Cemetery in Paris. Discography
Albums

 N'écoute pas les idoles (March 1964)
 France Gall (Mes premières vraies vacances) (August 1964)
 Sacré Charlemagne (December 1964)
 Poupée de cire, poupée de son (April 1965)
 Baby pop (October 1966)
 Les Sucettes (November 1966)
 1968 (January 1968)
 France Gall (1973)
 Cinq minutes d'amour (1976)
 France Gall (6 January 1976)
 Dancing Disco (27 April 1977)
 France Gall Live (live album, 9 November 1978)
 Starmania (various artists) (16 October 1978)
 Paris, France (19 May 1980)
 Tout pour la musique (10 December 1981)
 Palais des Sports (live album, 4 November 1982)
 Débranche! 6
 4 February 1984 — "Calypso", words and music by Berger
 20 May 1984 — "Cézanne peint", words and music by Berger
 3 April 1987 — "Babacar", words and music by Berger FR No. 11 GER No. 14
 24 August 1987 — "Ella, elle l'a", words and music


title: Elizabeth Pisani

texts:
<mask> (born 1964) is a British-American epidemiologist, public health consultant, author and journalist. She is an academic researcher and the director of Ternyata Ltd., a public health consultancy based in London, UK. Her research investigates the ways in which politics, economics and culture influence public health. This has included markets for substandard and falsified medicines and HIV. Before this, <mask> was a journalist who worked as a correspondent for Reuters in several Asian countries. Her first book The Wisdom of Whores: Bureaucrats, Brothels and the Business of AIDS, which examines factors influencing decision-making for HIV prevention, was longlisted for the Samuel Johnson Prize in 2009. <mask> is also known for her 2014 travel book Indonesia Etc.: Exploring the Improbable Nation, in addition to other writings on the society and politics of Indonesia. <mask> is a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at King's College London's Policy Institute, an Honorary Professor in the Department of Population Health at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and a Fellow of the School of Health Policy and Management at Erasmus University Rotterdam. Education

She was born in the United States and educated in several European countries. She graduated from Oxford University with an MA in classical Chinese in 1986. After working as a journalist for many years, <mask> changed professional course, taking an MSc in Medical Demography and later a PhD in Infectious Disease Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Journalism career
After her first degree, <mask> joined Reuters as a foreign correspondent, working in Hong Kong, India and Indonesia. She also reported at various times for The Economist and the Asia Times from Jakarta, Hanoi, Phnom Penh, Brussels and Nairobi.During her times as a journalist she covered major political events such as the Tiananmen Square demonstrations and the insurgency in Aceh as well as a wide range of business stories. Epidemiology and public health career
After retraining

masks:
Elizabeth Pisani
Pisani
Pisani
Pisani
Pisani
Pisani


title: Elizabeth Pisani

texts: as an epidemiologist, Pisani focused on HIV for over a decade, conducting research and working as an advisor for the Ministries of Health of China, Indonesia, East Timor and the Philippines, and for organisations such as the UNAIDS, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Bank, and the World Health Organization. Her work has focused on HIV, sexually transmitted infections and sexual and drug-taking behaviour, and on building disease surveillance systems. In the late 2000s, she began working with the Wellcome Trust and other major funders of public health research to increase the sharing of data between scientists so that more knowledge can be squeezed out of expensive field research. She also worked with Wellcome to explore ways of increasing engagement between scientists and society in the countries where they sponsor major research programmes. One outcome of this was the "Foreign Bodies, Common Ground" exhibition, bringing together art from residencies in research centres in Thailand, Vietnam, Malawi, Kenya, South Africa and the UK. In 2016, Pisani initiated a collaboration with an East London based orchestra, the Grand Union Orchestra, which led to "Song of Contagion", a jazz show which tried to explore the reasons for bad decision-making in global health through music.Pisani wrote the first two editions of the biennial global report on AIDS for UNAIDS in 1998. In 2008, she published her first book The Wisdom of Whores, which argues that a substantial portion of the funding devoted to HIV and AIDS is wasted on ineffective programming, the result of science and good public health policy being trumped by politics and ideology. It was long-listed for the Samuel Johnson Prize for Non-fiction in 2009. The following year, she gave a TED talk arguing that the "rational" health belief model that underpins many public health campaigns are irrational from the point of view of those they target. In the mid-2010s, <mask>'s interest turned to the quality of medicines. With research grant support from the Wellcome Trust and


title: Elizabeth Pisani

texts:
 Falsified medicines, on the other hand, appear where there is an unmet demand from patients (sometimes because of aggressive marketing), and where patients or health care providers are incentivised to step outside of the regular supply chain, to cut costs or to maximise profits. AIDS prevention

Pisani has been a vocal advocate of the harm reduction approach to addressing HIV/AIDS, supporting needle exchange programmes, making condoms widely available, and giving aid to countries that have policies of legalized prostitution. She outlined these views in her book, subsequent articles, interviews, and her 2010 TED Talk. She strongly criticized the regulations imposed by USAID ambassador Randall Tobias, in particular, those forbidding aid recipients from accepting, tolerating, or legalizing prostitution, or promoting anything but abstinence, arguing that organizations of prostitutes are effective at educating those most at risk, and that abstinence-only sex education has been demonstrated to fail in rigorous scientific studies. In addition, she criticized the Catholic Church's prohibition on condom use as a means to prevent the spread of HIV. In an interview with The Guardian, she said "I don't think it's evil to have anal sex with 16 people in a weekend without condoms.I just think if you do that there's a high likelihood you're going to get infected. That's all. It's cause and effect. And I think if we can prevent a fatal disease, we should. I don't get how it's OK to keep someone alive once they're sick - but not OK to stop them getting sick. I just don't get that." In an article for The Guardian the following year, she criticised the Catholic Church's attitude to HIV/AIDS, asking "[w]hy can't we extend our compassion to those who are not yet infected, and provide them with all the information and tools they need to stay uninfected?Whether the pope likes it or not, those tools include condoms. In her TED Talk, she called the position "clearly irrational." Writing on Indonesia
In late 2011, <mask> took a sabbatical from her day


title: Elizabeth Pisani

texts:
 job to explore Indonesia, where she had worked from 1988 – 1991 as a foreign correspondent, and from 2001-2005 in her capacity as an epidemiologist and public health advocate. She blogged about her travels at Portrait Indonesia from late 2011-2013. At the end of 2013, she moved her blog to a new site, Indonesia, Etc. Her travels there form the basis of a book, Indonesia, Etc. : Exploring the Improbable Nation, which was published to critical acclaim in June 2014.The book was listed among the best non-fiction books of 2014 by The Economist and by The Wall Street Journal. Since working on Indonesia, Etc., <mask> has contributed articles on Indonesian politics, particularly the 2014 presidential election, to Foreign Affairs, The New York Times and Nikkei Asia Review. Pisani has also provided commentary on corruption in Indonesia. Personal life

In The Wisdom of Whores, Pisani wrote, "I went to Sunday School as a child, and I still go to church every now and then. But I am unable to understand religious convictions or religious ideologies that stand in the way of saving hundreds of thousands of lives." In addition to English, she is fluent in French and Spanish, and has learned Chinese and Indonesian. References

External links

 Teyata Ltd. Public Health Consultancy.<mask>, Director
 Wisdom of Whores <mask>'s blog on AIDS, sexuality, health policy and much else
 Portrait Indonesia  <mask>'s blog on her travels in Indonesia. Late 2011-2013. Indonesia, Etc. The new site for <mask>'s blog on Indonesia issues, as of 2014. <mask>'s presentation at the TED 2010 conference: "Sex, drugs, and HIV – Let's Get Rational"

Alumni of the University of Oxford
American women journalists
1964 births
Living people
American women epidemiologists
American epidemiologists
Women medical researchers
British women journalists
Reuters people
HIV/AIDS activists
HIV/AIDS researchers
Academics of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Alumni of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Women travel writers
Erasmus University Rotterdam

masks:
Pisani
Elizabeth Pisani
Elizabeth Pisani
Elizabeth Pisani
Elizabeth Pisani
Elizabeth Pisani


title: Colin Thatcher

texts:
<mask> (born August 25, 1938) is a Canadian politician who was convicted for the murder of his ex-wife, JoAnn Wilson. Early life
<mask> was born in Toronto when his father, <mask>, worked for Canada Packers. He moved to Saskatchewan when he father returned home to run the family business. His father subsequently entered politics and became Saskatchewan premier from 1964 to 1971. <mask> began studying agriculture at the University of Saskatchewan. After one year, he transferred to Iowa State University, where he met JoAnn Geiger. In 1962, they married.He graduated from Iowa State with B.S. and M.S. degrees in agriculture and then went to work on his father's ranch in Moose Jaw. Political career
After his father's death in 1971, <mask> cultivated his own interest in politics. In 1975, he won the provincial riding of Thunder Creek as a Liberal, but he defected to the Progressive Conservatives two years later after voter popularity had shifted from the Liberals to the Conservatives. The move was denounced by the Liberals and also privately by his wife. Marital issues
Geiger felt disgraced by <mask>'s behaviour, and their marriage began to disintegrate.<mask> began a number of extramarital relationships, which he made little effort to hide from public scrutiny. When Geiger confronted him with these indiscretions, <mask> is reported to have verbally and physically abused her. <mask>'s dalliances did not adversely affect his popularity as a politician, and in 1978, he was re-elected to the Legislative Assembly. Divorce
His marriage, however, did not fare so well, and in 1980, after nearly a year of legal battling, the couple divorced. Geiger was awarded

masks:
Wilbert Colin Thatcher
Colin Thatcher
Ross Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher


title: Colin Thatcher

texts:
 custody of two of their three children, as well as $820,000 for her share of the marital property; the amount was one of the highest ever awarded by a Canadian divorce court. <mask> formally contested the settlement and ignored its custody terms. At one point, he flew to Geiger's new home in Brampton, Ontario to kidnap the children.Geiger soon married Tony Wilson, but she had to endure almost-constant harassment from her ex-husband. After she was shot and injured the next year by an unidentified assailant, thought to be <mask>, she gave up her claim to custody of Regan, the middle child, and settled for about half of her original court award. Geiger and Wilson believed that <mask> had been behind the shooting, but the Crown never pressed charges. Again, <mask>'s political life was largely unaffected, and he won his third straight term as MLA at the 1982 election. The Saskatchewan Conservatives won a majority government in that election, and <mask> was appointed to the provincial cabinet as Minister of Energy and Mines. However, public criticism and disputes with Premier Grant Devine made <mask> resign from that post the following year. Murder of wife
Four days after <mask>'s resignation, on 21 January 1983, JoAnn was found bludgeoned and shot to death in the garage of her Regina home.Again, rumours abounded that <mask> had been in some way involved, but he was not formally charged until 7 May 1984, after a lengthy police investigation. Evidence of guilt
Four key pieces of evidence eventually led to <mask>'s arrest:

A credit card receipt dated 17 January, four days before the murder, with <mask>'s name and signature on it, was found near the murder

masks: Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher


title: Colin Thatcher

texts: scene. Neighbours reported seeing a suspicious car, a black Ford Mustang, parked outside the Wilson residence around the time of the murder. The car's licence plates were illegible because they were covered with mud. When a neighbour tried to wipe off the mud, she could uncover only the numbers "292" before the car pulled away. A car with a matching description and licence plate was subsequently found on <mask>'s property and was traced to the Saskatchewan government's lent vehicles parking lot. The ammunition (.357 Magnum) and the type of gun (Ruger Security-Six) thought to be used in the murder matched those <mask> that had purchased on a trip to Palm Springs, California.Most damningly, a man named Gary Anderson confessed to police that he had been approached by <mask> for help in the murder. He resembled the man whom neighbours had described as sitting in the orange Ford Mustang while it was parked outside the Wilson residence. He also named two other men (Cody Crutcher and Charlie Wilde) as participants with him in the plot. The three men told police that it was Anderson whom neighbours had seen sitting in the Ford Mustang outside the Wilson residence, there was a disguise in the Mustang back seat, and it was <mask> who was wearing the disguise when he had actually committed the murder. Police convinced Anderson to wear a wire and to meet with <mask> to try to elicit a confession or to reveal details of the murder. During the recorded conversation, <mask> made several statements that implied he was involved in the crime. Anderson made several attempts to elicit an incriminating statement, but <mask> did not confess directly.However, <mask> told

masks:
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Colin Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher
Thatcher


title: Colin Thatcher

texts:
 Anderson repeatedly to deny any direct accusations or indirect allegations. <mask>'s responses and evasiveness, besides other evidence, convinced police that he had been the mastermind. Conviction
<mask> was tried in Saskatoon for the murder of his ex-wife in the autumn of 1984. In addition to the evidence presented, he insisted on testifying so that he could try and explain the recorded conversation between Anderson and him. He was found guilty under the prosecution of Serge Kujawa and was given a sentence of life imprisonment with no eligibility for parole for 25 years. <mask> appealed the verdict, but the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal rejected the plea in 1986. Subsequent requests to the Supreme Court of Canada and the federal Minister of Justice for a review of his case were also denied.A request for an early parole hearing was rejected in 2000, but the jury of a later hearing in 2003 decided that he was eligible to apply. He did so, and on 31 March 2004, the National Parole Board rejected his bid for early release. Throughout his trial and his appeals, <mask> has steadfastly maintained his innocence, which he admits is probably the reason that he was not paroled until late 2006. Parole
On December 18, 2006, he made his first public appearance since he had been paroled two weeks earlier. He appeared at the Saskatchewan Legislature for a ceremony honouring former premiers of the province. <mask> spoke with the media about the accomplishments of his late father but refused to discuss the murder of his ex-wife. <mask> has written a 440-page book about his case, Final Appeal: Anatomy of a Frame.It was released by ECW Press on September 1, 2009. On

masks: Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher Thatcher


title: Colin Thatcher

texts:
 April 21, 2010, <mask> agreed to relinquish any profits related to the sale of his book, such as his $5,000 advance from his publisher. <mask> has also instructed the publisher of his book to forward any further royalties from its sale to the Saskatchewan Minister of Finance. In 2011, funds from the sale of the book in the amount of $13,866.44 were turned over to the Ministry of Justice. Biographies
Bird, Heather. Not Above The Law: The Tragic Story of JoAnn Wilson and <mask>. Toronto: Key Porter Books Limited, 1985.Mankiewicz, Francis, director. Love and Hate: The Story of <mask> and JoAnn <mask>. (Television movie.) Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 1989. This film starred Kenneth Welsh and Kate Nelligan as <mask> and JoAnn <mask>. Siggins, Maggie. A Canadian Tragedy, JoAnn & <mask>: A Story of Love and Hate.Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1985. <mask>, <mask>. Backrooms: A Story of Politics. Douglas & McIntyre, 1985. Wilson, Garrett & Lesley Wilson. Deny, Deny, Deny: The Rise and Fall of <mask>. Toronto: James Lorimer & Company, 1986.References

External links
Crime Library article on <mask>
CBC's <mask> Timeline

<mask> returns to Sask. legislative building
CBC News: <mask> writing book about his case

1938 births
Living people
Members of the Executive Council of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan Liberal Party MLAs
Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan MLAs
Politicians from Toronto
Canadian people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Canada
Canadian prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Canada
People paroled from life sentence
Canadian politicians convicted of crimes
Politicians

masks:
Thatcher
Thatcher
Colin Thatcher
Colin
Thatcher
Colin
Thatcher
Colin Thatcher
Thatcher
Colin
Colin Thatcher
Colin Thatcher
Colin Thatcher
Colin Thatcher
Colin Thatcher


title: Gary Geddes

texts:
<mask> (born 9 June 1940 in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian poet and writer. Biography
He spent four years of his childhood on the Canadian prairies, but otherwise remained on the west coast until 1963, where he got his bachelor's degree in English and Philosophy at the University of British Columbia. <mask> received his M.A. and Ph.D. in English at the University of Toronto. He taught English and Creative Writing at Concordia University for twenty years (1978–1998). Then he returned to the west coast, where he was appointed Distinguished Professor of Canadian Culture at Western Washington University (1998–2001). He has also taught English at the British Columbia Institute of Technology and the University of Victoria, as well as serving as a writer-in-residence at Green College (UBC) and the Vancouver Public Library.In 2007 he received an Honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Royal Roads University. <mask> has written and edited over thirty-five books, including seventeen books of poetry, as well as fiction, non-fiction, drama, translation, criticism and anthologies. His work has been translated into five languages. Before embarking on his literary career, he worked as a gillnet fisherman, loaded boxcars at BC Sugar Refinery, stocked shelves at Woodwards, worked as a fishing guide and drove a water-taxi. <mask> is known as one of Canada's best political poets, having been singled out for this honour by literary critic George Woodcock in the late 1960s, whose claim graced the back cover of many of Geddes' books. Geddes has explored human rights issues in places such as Chile during its dictatorship, in Nicaragua during its civil war, and in Palestine and Israel after the Oslo peace accord. He lives on Thetis Island, British

masks:
Gary Geddes
Geddes
Geddes
Geddes


title: Gary Geddes

texts:
 Columbia.Literature and the Environment

<mask> is most known for being a political and humanist poet, but his writing is also deeply rooted in place. Although he cannot be defined as an environmental writer or nature writer, early books such as Snakeroot (1973) and more recent work such as Sailing Home: A Journey through Time, Place & Memory (2001) are based around a specific place and explore the human relationship with that environment. Geddes's relationship to the environment seems to be strongly nostalgic: Sailing Home is a memoir of his personal search for a place which may no longer exist, or may have changed beyond recognition, and Snakeroot also involves revisiting a landscape which is no longer home. Geddes approaches the environment with an attitude that ranges from confrontational to appreciative. In the poem "ladder grass" (from Snakeroot) he reveals the appreciative side: "The ladder grass/ at my feet is unique, splendid," and in "snakeroot" he says, "The road to hell is paved." However, these lines co-exist in the book that contains the poem "blood and feathers," which is far more confrontational towards nature, especially in the opening lines "I refuse to be seasonal, stirred/ to a frenzy by a planet’s turning. Let the dead rocks and dying grasses/ speak for themselves, or be dumb."Whether confrontational or appreciative, though, Geddes' responses to the environment seem based in a strong attachment to the places he has lived, and in an undeniable connection between human beings and their surroundings. In 2010 Robert G. May edited a collection of critical studies, <mask>: Essays on His Works (Guernica Editions) which includes contributions by: W. H. New, M. Wynn Thomas, Winnifred M. Bogaards, Shirley McDonald, Lake

masks:
Gary Geddes
Gary Ges


title: David Quantick

texts:
<mask> (born 14 May 1961) is an English novelist, comedy writer and critic, who has worked as a journalist and screenwriter. A former staff writer for the music magazine NME, his writing credits have included On the Hour, Blue Jam, TV Burp and Veep; for the latter of these he won an Emmy in 2015. Biography
<mask> was born in Wortley, West Riding of Yorkshire (now South Yorkshire) on 14 May 1961, adopted, and moved at an early age with his family to Plymouth. <mask> went to Woodford Junior School and Plymouth College,  then Exmouth Comprehensive School. <mask> began writing for the music publication NME in 1983, where with Steven Wells he concentrated on comedy writing until 1995. Alongside this, he also contributed material to British comedy shows such as Spitting Image. In 1992, he joined the writing team for the Radio 4 spoof news programme On the Hour, before writing for the television follow-up The Day Today in 1994.He appeared regularly on Collins and Maconie's Hit Parade (Radio 1, 1994–1997), with his Quantick's World slot and on the weekly show, The Treatment on BBC Radio Five Live, which was an hour-long satirical news round-up. In 1995, <mask> presented a pilot show called Now What? to Carlton Television but he series was not picked up for development. He wrote with Chris Morris for Brass Eye in 1996 (broadcast in 1997) and Blue Jam (Radio 1, 1997), as well as the subsequent television version Jam (Channel 4, 2000). He also provided material for Smack the Pony (Channel 4, 1999–2001), Harry Enfield's Brand Spanking New Show (Sky One, 2000) and featured on Radio 4's The 99p Challenge. Working with Jane Bussmann, he co-wrote and performed Bussmann & Quantick Kingsize for BBC Radio 4 in 1998. In 2000, the pair created what Quantick has claimed was the world's first internet sitcom and

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David Quantick
Quantick
Quantick
David Quantick
Quantick


title: David Quantick

texts:
 Blagger's Guide for Radio 2 until 2014. In September 2012, Quantick published an e-book novel, Sparks, which was positively reviewed by Neil Gaiman and Ben Aaronovitch.He produced a four-episode comedy series 52 First Impressions with <mask> for Radio 4 in 2014 in which he recounted stories about 52 individuals he had encountered in his life/career. He received an Emmy in 2015 for his work on the HBO series Veep. That year he crowd-funded a novel The Mule via the Unbound company which was released on 25 February 2016. He had two writing manuals published with Oberon Books: How To Write Everything in 2015, then How to Be a Writer: Conversations With Writers About Writing the following year. In April 2019 his novel All My Colors came out, described by the author <mask> Barnett as "a blend of Murakami-ish otherworldliness, Stephen King small town horror and Douglas Adams-esque absurdity." Bibliography

Fiction
Sparks (10 September 2012, Kindle ASIN: B0098UTP5E)
That's Because You're a Robot with Shaky Kane (Image Comics, 2014)
The Mule (Unbound, 25 February 2016, )
 Go West (Unbound, 24 January 2019, )
 All My Colors (Titan Books Ltd, 16 April 2019, )
 Night Train (Titan Books Ltd, 29 September 2020, )

Nonfiction
Dress to Kill by Eddie Izzard, <mask>uantick et al. SOTCAA article 'Collins, Maconie and Quantick
Scroll down to Collins and Maconies' Hit Parade clip — Radio Zone
An interview with <mask> on RechargedMagazine.com

1961 births
Comedians from Devon
English male journalists
English radio writers
English television writers
English screenwriters
English male screenwriters
English humorists
English music critics
English biographers
Living people
NME writers
People from Exmouth
People from Wortley, South Yorkshire
People educated at Plymouth College
British male television writers
Male

masks:
David Quantick
David M
David Q
David Quantick


title: Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine

texts:
Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (; known as Liselotte von der Pfalz, 27 May 1652 – 8 December 1722) was a German member of the House of Wittelsbach and, as <mask> (Duchesse d'Orléans), the second wife of Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (younger brother of Louis XIV of France), and mother of Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, France's ruler during the Regency. She gained literary and historical importance primarily through preservation of her correspondence, which is of great cultural and historical value due to her sometimes very blunt descriptions of French court life and is today one of the best-known German-language texts of the Baroque period. Although she had only two surviving children, she not only became the ancestress of the House of Orléans, which came to the French throne with Louis Philippe I, the so-called "Citizen King" from 1830 to 1848, but also became the ancestress of numerous European royal families, so she was also called the "Grandmother of Europe". Through her daughter she was the grandmother of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, the husband of Maria Theresa, and great-grandmother of Joseph II and Leopold II (both Holy Roman Emperors) and Marie Antoinette, the last Queen of France before the French Revolution. Life

Early years
Elisabeth Charlotte was born on 27 May 1652 in the castle of Heidelberg as the second child and only daughter of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine, and his wife Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel. Named after her paternal grandmother <mask> and her own mother, from a young age she was nicknamed Liselotte, a portmanteau of both her names. An emergency baptism was performed shortly after her birth due to

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Madame
Elizabeth Stuart