title: Philip S. Cifarelli

texts: Department for the City of New York. This clearly was a turning point in Cifarelli's life and was the beginning of a lifelong pursuit of education and knowledge. Upon graduation from high school Cifarelli did not have high enough grades for general admission to college. Instead, he was allowed to enroll in two college courses on a probationary status during the summer immediately following high school graduation. He earned straight A's in the courses and was accepted into the University; within one year his performance earned him an academic scholarship.Dr. Cifarelli majored in Biology at Long Island University while working nights as an attendant at the famed Metropolitan Opera House in New York City, where he developed a lifelong love of opera. His honors for academic achievement included earning a Departmental Medal in Biology which was presented to him by William Zeckendorf. A natural linguist, Dr. Cifarelli read, wrote and spoke four languages. He spoke two different dialects of Italian and understood and was semi-conversational in Latin. He was so proficient in French that after his first year of studies in college he became the preferred student-substitute for French class at all levels on campus. He went on to attend medical school at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. On a visit home during medical school he met Jean Abitabile, a New York native, whom he later married. After graduating from Georgetown, Dr. <mask> returned to New York City, where he practiced medicine for several years, working with well-known New York physicians including Dr. <mask>. LoPresti.During this period Dr. Cifarelli, in collaboration with others, became involved developing and testing the gastroscope, the medical device now commonly used to screen patients for colon cancer. Dr. <mask> earned his reputation as one of the

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title: Philip S. Cifarelli

type: original

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 pioneers of the medical specialty of Gastroenterology working in many hospitals in Brooklyn and Queens, N.Y. including St. Mary's Hospital in Brooklyn, N.Y. where he founded the Gastroenterology Clinic and served as Chief of the Department. Military service - Vietnam and the Persian Gulf War
In 1966, recognizing the dire need created by the Vietnam War for physicians in the military, Dr. <mask> voluntarily enlisted in the United States Army. He served in Vietnam from 1966 through 1967, attaining the rank of Captain and serving as Chief of Medicine at the 67th Evac. Hospital in QuiNan, Vietnam. He was awarded a Bronze Star and a Letter of Commendation for his service during the war. Dr. <mask>'s respect and admiration for military service never faded.In 1982 he re-joined the Army, in its reserve unit as a Lt. Colonel. Two years later he attained the rank of full Colonel and continued to serve in the U.S. Army Reserves Medical Corps through most of the 1990s. During that period he was named Chief of Medicine and later Commander of the 349th General Hospital in Los Angeles, a unit called to serve in the Persian Gulf War. He also commanded the 458th MASH Unit and later served as a Consultant to the U.S. Army Surgeon General, obtaining a top secret clearance at the Pentagon. As the millennium arrived Dr. Cifarelli finally retired from the military. Move to California
In December 1970 Dr. Cifarelli moved his wife and four children to California where his medical career flourished.Through the 1970s and 1980s Dr<mask> served as Chief of Medicine and Chief of Staff at several Orange County hospitals including Good Samaritan Hospital in Anaheim, California. At Good Samaritan in 1978 Dr. Cifarelli met and befriended Ferdinand Waldo Demara  aka "the Great Imposter," who was serving as the hospital's chaplain. Recognizing that

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title: Philip S. Cifarelli

texts:
 Demara did not appear to have any family or close relationships, Dr. Cifarelli began regularly inviting Demara to family gatherings at his home. As Chief of Staff, Dr. Cifarelli was also instrumental in helping secure for Demara a place to live in the hospital, where Demara later died. In the 1970s Dr. <mask> began teaching clinical medicine at U.C. Irvine Medical School and legal medical subjects at COMP. He ultimately attained the rank of full clinical professor at UCI Medical School and at COMP and held those positions until his death.In 1979 he was named in the First Edition of "The Best Doctors of America." Early Legal Career
In the mid 1970s Dr. Cifarelli began attending night school at the Western State College of Law, while continuing his busy career as a physician during the day. He passed the bar and began practicing both law and medicine in 1979, becoming one of the first practicing physicians and attorneys in Orange County. He devoted much of his practice to medical malpractice issues. He later moved his law practice to Santa Ana and continued to practice law for several years, joined in the late 1980s by his oldest son <mask><mask>, J.D. Later Legal Career
After a short semi-retirement in the late 1990s, Dr. <mask> returned to the practice of law around 2000, joining the law firm run by his sons including well-known child rights attorney Thomas A<mask>, at The Cifarelli Law Firm, LLP. It was during the second half of his legal career where Dr. Cifarelli took up the cause of representing physicians in legal/ethical issues related to the treatment of patients including the terminally ill.Teaching and Advocating for Patients' Rights
Dr. Cifarelli spent much of the second half of his legal and teaching career on bioethics issues on behalf of terminally ill patients seeking the right to die with dignity and

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title: Philip S. Cifarelli

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 the physicians who treat them. Always driven by a love of education and philosophy, Dr. Cifarelli became actively involved with the American College of Legal Medicine, educating practicing physicians and attorneys about cutting edge issues involving Bio-Ethics and the right to death with dignity. He ascended to the rank of President of the American College of Legal Medicine in 2005 and was honored with the organization's Gold Medal for lifetime achievement in March 2008. At COMP Dr. Cifarelli established the school's first Legal Medicine Ethics program in 1978 and taught generations of physicians about the ethical and legal issues doctors face on a daily basis in their care of patients including the terminally ill.  Dr. Cifarelli truly loved teaching and his 29 years of lecturing at COMP provided him much joy. In his legal practice Dr. Cifarelli successfully represented many physicians being investigated by the State Medical Board for following patients' wishes and providing advanced end-of-life care to terminally ill and suffering patients. Dr. Cifarelli also promoted awareness of these subjects through his active leadership in the American College of Legal Medicine. Death and Family
Dr. Cifarelli was diagnosed with lung cancer in the Summer of 2007.He underwent extensive treatment for the disease until his death. He is survived by his four children Emilia Longo, Nina Longo, <mask><mask> and Thomas A<mask>, and seven grandchildren Candace, Amanda, Jeanine, Alex, Vincent, Angela and Michael. He is also survived by his younger brother Dr. Albert V<mask> of New York City, and his second wife Barbara. References

External links
American College of Legal Medicine

1935 births
2008 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
American gastroenterologists
Deaths from lung cancer
Georgetown University School of Medicine alumni
Long

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. Cifarelli
. Cifarelli


title: Richard Poore

texts:
<mask> or Poor (died 15 April 1237) was a medieval English bishop best known for his role in the establishment of Salisbury Cathedral and the City of Salisbury, moved from the nearby fortress of Old Sarum. He served as Bishop of Chichester, Bishop of Salisbury and Bishop of Durham. Early life
Poore was probably the son of <mask> of Ilchester, also known as <mask>clive, who served as Bishop of Winchester. He was the brother of <mask>, who served as bishop of Salisbury from 1194 to 1217. <mask> studied under Stephen Langton at Paris. <mask> became Dean of Salisbury in 1197, and unsuccessfully was nominated to the see of Winchester in 1205 and attained the see of Durham in 1213. His election to Durham was disallowed by Pope Innocent III before it was made public, probably because the pope knew that King John wished for the translation of his advisor John de Gray from the see of Norwich to Durham.During the interdict on England during King John's reign, <mask> returned to Paris to teach until the interdict was lifted. It was probably during these years before Poore held an episcopal office that he completed Osmund's Institutio, as well as his own works the Ordinale and the Consuetudinarium. The Institutio detailed the duties of the cathedral clergy at Salisbury, along with their rights. The Ordinale covered the liturgy, and how the various specialised services interacted with the basic divine service. The last work, the Consuetudinarium, gave the customs of Salisbury itself. Both the Consuetudinarium and the Ordinale  were basically guides to the Sarum Rite, the usual form

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Richard Poore
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title: Richard Poore

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 of liturgy in thirteenth century England. While he was dean, he also encouraged Robert of Flamborough to write a penitential.<mask> was Bishop of Chichester in 1215, being elected about 7 January and consecrated on 25 January at Reading. He attended the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215. He also served as one of the executors of King John's estate. Bishop of Salisbury

<mask>'s brother, <mask>, died in 1217, and <mask> succeeded to his position as Bishop of Salisbury by 27 June. He owed his move to the see of Salisbury to the papal legate, Cardinal Guala Bicchieri. It was during this time that he oversaw and helped plan the construction of the new Salisbury Cathedral as a replacement for the old cathedral at Old Sarum. He also laid out the town of Salisbury in 1219, to allow the workers building the cathedral a less cramped town than the old garrison town at Old Sarum.The cathedral, however, was not dedicated until 1258. It was while Poore was at Salisbury that he issued his Statutes of Durham, which derived their name from the fact that he reissued them after being moved to the see of Durham. These statutes were influential on many other episcopal legislation. He also welcomed the first Franciscan friars to Salisbury around 1225. He also served as a royal justice in 1218 and 1219. In 1223, with the fall from power of Peter des Roches bishop of Winchester, Ranulph earl of Chester, and Falkes de Breauté, <mask> helped Hubert de Burgh take over the government, along with Stephen Langton and Jocelin of Wells bishop of Bath and Wells. The four men worked together to govern

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title: Richard Poore

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 England for the next five years.While <mask> was at Salisbury, he took part in the translation of St Wulfstan's in 1218, and in the translation of Saint Thomas Becket's relics in 1220. At the later event, he was the only other bishop besides Stephen Langton actually to examine Becket's body. <mask> also petitioned Pope Gregory IX to have the first bishop of Salisbury, Osmund de Sees canonized, but was unsuccessful. Osmund was eventually made a saint in 1457. Bishop of Durham
<mask> was translated to the see of Durham on 14 May 1228. With his move to Durham, he withdrew from royal service, although he was briefly back in service when Peter des Roches returned to power in late 1232 and early 1233. At Durham, he inherited a quarrel between the bishop and the cathedral chapter that mainly involved the election of the prior and the right of the bishop to undertake visitations of the priory.The quarrel had begun under <mask>, and had led to appeals to the papal curia from the monks. Soon after coming to Durham, <mask> issued a set of detailed constitutions that governed many of the relations between the bishop, the prior, and the cathedral chapter that was the basis of church government in Durham until the Dissolution of the monasteries under King Henry VIII of England. Legacy and death
In 1220, while Poore was bishop of Salisbury, he ordered his clergy to instruct a few children so that the children might in turn teach the rest of the children in basic church doctrine and prayers. He also had the clergy preach every Sunday that children should not be left alone in a house

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title: Richard Poore

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 with a fire or water. Also during his time in Salisbury, he promoted the education of boys by endowing some schoolmasters with benefices provided they did not charge for instruction. In 1237, <mask> established a retirement house for the old and infirm clergy of the diocese of Durham. <mask> was also an opponent of pluralism, the holding of more than one benefice at the same time.He not only held that a clerk receiving a new benefice should give up the old one, but that if the clerk protested about the loss, he should lose both benefices. He also decreed that the clergy should not be involved in "worldly business". Poore House at Bishop Wordsworth's School, Salisbury is named in honour of his legacy to Salisbury schools. Poore died on 15 April 1237 at the manor of Tarrant Keyneston in Dorset. His tomb was claimed for both Durham and Salisbury, but most likely he was buried in the church at Tarrant Keyneston which was what he had wished. He is commemorated with a statue in niche 170 on the west front of Salisbury Cathedral. Citations

References

 British History Online Bishops of Chichester accessed on 20 October 2007
 British History Online Bishops of Durham accessed on 25 October 2007
 British History Online Bishops of Salisbury accessed on 20 October 2007
 British History Online Bishops of Winchester accessed on 2 November 2007
 British History Online Deans of Salisbury accessed on 30 October 2007

Year of birth unknown
1237 deaths
Bishops of Durham
Bishops of Chichester
Bishops of Salisbury
13th-century English Roman Catholic bishops
Deans of

masks: Richard Richard


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts: <mask> ( ; born 29 April 1970) is a Lebanese civil servant and civil society activist. He served as minister of interior and municipalities, considered to be one of the most powerful positions in the country, from 2008 to 2011 for two consecutive cabinets in both Fuad Siniora and Saad Hariri's governments. <mask> is one of the few political personalities who is appreciated by both ends of the rivaled Lebanese political clan and thus, subsequently holds good esteem with many of the personas across the complex and contentious Lebanese political spectrum. An attorney by formation and practice, <mask> is an expert on issues of decentralization and electoral law reform. He is known to abstain from engaging in feudal politics, and to focus instead on building the Lebanese civil society and Lebanese civil institutions. During his mandate as minister of interior, <mask> was credited for pushing forward a culture of responsibility and openness where he made himself easily accessible to all Lebanese citizens eager to share complaints and/or opinions, and was widely present in day-to-day activities of his subordinates. His actions resulted in an unpremeditated cultivation of a very attractive public image that he still possesses today.<mask> was also credited with overseeing Lebanon's best-managed round of elections to date in 2009, which he orchestrated in one day instead of the conventional four weekends, a record in Lebanese history. This has earned him the First Prize of the prestigious United Nations Public Service Award where Lebanon was ranked first among 400 government administrations from all over the world by the United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN). On 26 May 2011, <mask> resigned from office as minister of interior and municipalities in Saad

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title: Ziyad Baroud

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 Hariri's government after an inter-party conflict developed between the Internal Security Forces and the Ministry of Telecommunications in Lebanon. <mask> <mask> has been granted several awards to date, in 2010 he was the recipient of the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) Charles T. Manatt Democracy Award, which recognizes extraordinary efforts to advance electoral participation and democratic values. <mask> is also the recipient of the distinction of the French Legion of Honor or Légion d'Honneur, the highest decoration in France, ranking him as Chevalier, and of the Grand Cross of the Spanish Order of Civil Merit (Sp: Orden del Mérito Civil) rewarded for "extraordinary service for the benefit of Spain". Early life and education
<mask> <mask> and Antoinette (née Salem). The first of two children, <mask> and his younger sister Maha were brought up in a middle-class civil household with no political ancestry, where both parents were high school teachers; their father a senior grade mathematics teacher and their mother an Arabic literature teacher.<mask> completed his high school education at Collège Saint Joseph – Antoura des Pères Lazaristes from which he graduated in 1988. He then attended the Faculty of Law at Saint Joseph University in Beirut from which he earned his Master's Degree in Law. He was admitted to the Beirut Bar Association in 1993. From 1993 to 1996, <mask> worked as a trainee lawyer in Beirut in the cabinet of Ibrahim Najjar, who later served as minister of justice in the same government as <mask>. While working in the office of Najjar, <mask> contributed along with a handful of judges and fellow lawyers to the drafting of a legal monthly supplement in An-Nahar "Houqouq Annas" (Ar: حقوق الناس) or "People's Rights", the first

masks: Ziyad Baroud Baroud Ziyad Baroudlim Baroud Baroud Baroud Baroud Baroud


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 of its kind, designed to familiarize people with judiciary rights and jargon and promote the implementation and modernization of Lebanese laws with the aim of bringing more justice to society. At the same time, <mask> was pursuing doctoral studies at the University of Paris X in Paris, France, a school that also graduated Nicolas Sarkozy and Dominique de Villepin among other influential personalities. <mask> is currently preparing his doctoral thesis on the subject of "Decentralization in Lebanon after the Taif Agreement", a topic that is one of his main subjects of expertise as well as one of the major lobbying points of his political agenda.Career and policymaking activities
<mask> held a number of academic posts as lecturer in two prestigious universities in Lebanon:  His alma mater Université Saint Joseph (USJ) and Université Saint-Esprit de Kaslik (USEK). Furthermore, he sits today on the Board of Trustees of Notre Dame University. With time, <mask> became more and more involved in key public actions that took him to the forefront of national, high-profile political activism, largely due to his expertise on many impending national topics, notably electoral law, decentralization and the constitution. Electoral reform

<mask> <mask> is one of the staunchest and most active experts on electoral law reform in Lebanon. In March 1996, <mask> founded along with other activists the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections (LADE), an independent, nonprofit organization specialized in the study of elections and electoral laws' impact on democracy. The subject of elections and electoral law reform will become another forte of <mask> <mask>'s life and political agenda. In 2004, <mask> was elected Secretary General of LADE to lead a group of more than 1,300

masks: Baroud Baroud Baroud Baroud Ziyad Baroud Baroud Ziyad Baroud Baroud


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 domestic electoral observers during the 2005 elections.In 2006, he was chosen to serve as a board member of the Lebanese chapter of Transparency International (LTA). In 2005–2006, he was commissioned by the Prime Minister of the Republic Fuad Siniora along with eleven others to serve on a blue-ribbon commission headed by Former Minister Fouad Boutros to propose a draft for electoral law reform, this commission came to be familiarly known as the "Boutros Commission". The Boutros Commission

In 2005, the new cabinet headed by Prime Minister Fuad Siniora launched an independent commission on 8 August 2005 headed by Former Foreign Minister Fouad Boutros to study the dire issue of the 2000 electoral law and propose a change. The commission was named the "Lebanese National Commission on Electoral Law", more casually known as the "Boutros Commission." Twelve people, six Muslims and six Christians, were appointed, of which <mask> was chosen to be one of the key expert members. Other members included: Fouad Boutros (President), Ghaleb Mahmassany, Michel Tabet, Zouheir Chokr, Ghassan Abou Alwan, Nawaf Salam, Abdel Salam Sheaib, Fayez Al-Hajj Shahine, Paul Salem, Khaldoun Naja, and Arda Ekmekji. The commission met for nine months and delivered a 129-article draft law for comprehensive electoral reform to the cabinet on 31 May 2006.The 129 articles detailed a myriad of reforms including lowering the voting age to 18 years, implementing an electoral list quota of 30% female candidates, an assessment of absentee balloting for Lebanese abroad, and the implementation of comprehensive and tight regulations for political campaigns and their financial spendings, among other things. Unfortunately, the cabinet ran out of time before it had a chance to vote on the Boutros


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 Commission's proposal. Five weeks later, the July War broke out in July 2006 before the law could be sent to parliament. The subsequent deterioration of the political situation and closing of the legislature prevented any proposed reforms from being addressed, and remained pending. Decentralization

<mask> worked as a research associate at the "Lebanese Center for Policy Studies", a Beirut-based think tank of which he is a board member today. LCPS aims to provide researched, politically neutral guidelines to serve policymaking. <mask> also consulted with the UNDP on local governance and decentralization from 2001 to 2008.He is currently the chairman of the "Governmental Committee of Decentralization" (Ar: اللجنة الخاصة باللامركزية), knowing that the topic of decentralization happens to be his Doctorate Thesis subject. Minister of the interior and municipalities

Following the deadly clashes of May 2008, on 21 May 2008, figures from both the opposition and majority signed the Doha Agreement under the auspices of Qatar's foreign minister and prime minister Sheikh Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber al-Thani, finally diffusing an 18-month crisis. The Doha negotiations resulted in the long-awaited election of General Michel Sleiman as President of the Lebanese Republic and the formation of the 70th national unity government led by Prime Minister Fuad Siniora, composed of 30 ministers distributed among the majority (16 ministers), the opposition (11 ministers) and the president (3 ministers). <mask> <mask>, who had been engaged in serious national struggles for democratization for over 15 years, stood out as a professional and committed civil society activist. Newly elected President Michel Sleiman consequently named <mask> <mask> as Minister of Interior and Municipalities.

masks: Baroud Baroud Ziyad Baroud Ziyad Baroud


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 <mask> served as Minister of Interior and Municipalities under two consecutive cabinets. The first cabinet led by Prime Minister Fuad Siniora in the 70th national unity government which lasted from 11 July 2008, until November 2009.<mask> successively served for a second term under Prime Minister Saad Hariri's cabinet which lasted from 9 Nov 2009 to 13 June 2011, though he had resigned on 26 May 2011. As Minister of Interior and Municipalities in Fuad Siniora's government, <mask> occupied one of the toughest and most high profile jobs in the country and was able to set a very high record of positive changes within many of the country's sectors. Enforcing traffic laws

The first crackdown <mask> orchestrated was on traffic disobedience. Working closely with NGOs that promote road safety and injury prevention, notably the Youth Association for Social Awareness (YASA) and Kun Hadi (Arabic for "Be Calm", as well as a play on the word "Hadi" which is the name of a young man who died in a speeding car accident and namesake of the organization), one of <mask>'s first undertakings as minister was to impose traffic laws, including seatbelt enforcement and speed limits compliance. Resultantly, under his mandate, in the first year alone, the Ministry of Interior raised the number of traffic officers from 593 to 1,800. 87% of motorists started complying with traffic lights. 32,323 illegal motorcycles were confiscated.A decline of 77% in car thefts was recorded. All of the above were records in the history of the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (MoIM). Time magazine published an article citing the importance of <mask>'s undertakings regarding traffic laws: "Unable to solve the big problems facing the country, Ziad <mask>, Suleiman's choice to lead the powerful

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title: Ziyad Baroud

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 Ministry of the Interior, began focusing on problems that might actually make a difference in the lives of average Lebanese. In particular, the police began cracking down on the single biggest cause of death in the country: not terrorism, or war, but traffic accidents." Supporting freedom of association
Being an avid civil society activist and a human rights campaigner, <mask> has been known to support and actively encourage the work of Lebanon's Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Thus, a major undertaking tackled by <mask> was signing off on counts of registration applications from NGOs that had been stacking up for years and never accorded registration permits. <mask> released a circular facilitating the registration of NGOs.The number of NGOs approved under <mask> rates as one of the highest in the history of the Interior Ministry. Privacy of religious identity
<mask> is the first government official to ever officially give freedom of choice to Lebanese citizens about revealing their religious affiliation on civil registry documents. Although Lebanese new identification cards issued post-civil war do not state citizens' religious affiliation, individual civil registry records still maintained the obligation for religious disclosure. <mask> thus issued a circular in February 2009 decreeing that every Lebanese citizen was now free to cross out his/her religious identity from all official documents, and replace it with a slash sign (/) if they desire. <mask> stated that such freedom allocation is simply consistent with the Lebanese Constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Monitoring of the "best managed elections" to date
For several years, the Civil Campaign for Electoral Reform (CCER), a broad alliance for civil society associations


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts: founded in 2005 by <mask> among others, was demanding that the parliament hold parliamentary elections over the course of one day. Although the Administration and Justice parliamentarian commission wanted to try and hold the 2009 elections over two days for security reasons, <mask> made great efforts to resolve all logistical difficulties in order to hold the elections in one day.The 2009 Parliamentary Elections were consequently held over the course of one day, on 7 June 2009. The March 14 Alliance beat the opposition bloc of the March 8 Alliance winning 71 seats in the 128-member parliament to 57 seats going to the latter. This result is virtually the same as the result from the 2005 elections, yet the turnout is said to have been as high as 55%. Former US President Jimmy Carter with the Carter Center Observation Mission issued a report "[commending] the Lebanese people and the electoral authorities for the successful conduct of the 2009 parliamentary elections". The report stated that "Minister <mask> earned the confidence of Lebanese stakeholders through his commitment to a transparent process." While the process fell short of several of Lebanon's international commitments, most notably secrecy of the ballot, they stated that "it was conducted with enhanced transparency." The report also commended the high levels of voter participation as well as the "high level of professionalism being exhibited by polling staff in most of the stations visited."The Carter Center final report can be found here. The European Union, who also had established a mission to observe the 2009 Lebanese legislative elections, also issued a positive report stating that "the high level of trust in the electoral process was certainly assisted by the clear neutrality and professionalism

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 of the Ministry of Interior in its administration of the elections, and especially by Minister Zyad [sic] <mask> himself." They point out that this neutrality is however not institutional, since it is more likely linked to the persona of <mask> <mask>, and therefore "cannot be guaranteed for the next elections". The European Union's final report on 7 June 2009 Parliamentary Elections can be found here. Furthermore, as head of the newly formed Elections Oversight Council (OSC) which had been charged with organizing all public elections in Lebanon, <mask>'s performance rating in public office was second only to Lebanese President Michel Sleiman according to public opinion polls. Second term
The elections results, though acknowledged transparent and constitutional by both the Carter Center and the European Union, caused turmoil and resistance on behalf of the 8 March blockade who once again were not happy with the minority stake they would have in the cabinet. Lebanon stayed without a functioning government for the duration of four months, a time that was ridden with political wrangling over the formation of a national unity government.Eventually, the two sides finally agreed on the assignment of portfolios after concessions were made. Fifteen ministers were selected by the March 14 Alliance, ten by the opposition March 8 Alliance, and five were allotted to President Michel Sleiman. This formula denied 14 March from upholding a majority of cabinet posts while also preventing the opposition from exercising veto, a power which requires 11 cabinet posts ("a third plus one"). Thus, theoretically, the ministers selected by President Sleiman, considered impartial, hold the balance of power in cabinet with a swing vote on decision-making. <mask> <mask> was once again

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title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 assigned as Minister of the Interior for a second term on 9 November 2009. Due to the highly politicized and contentious atmosphere, <mask>'s freedom of action as a Minister was severely reduced because of political wranglings he refused to get involved in. The contention between the 8 March and March 14 alliances often left him with no authority over policies and many of the security-related areas that he is supposed to constitutionally oversee, and eventually led to his resignation.Resignation from minister of interior post
There are several conflicting accounts explaining what exactly happened the day that <mask> <mask> resigned from his ministerial duties. The basic storyline, however, draws on a series of skirmishes that occurred in a one-day public showdown between different loyalists of the country's two conflicting parties of 8 March and 14 March. The dispute involved two different branches of the Internal Security Forces who had violated Minister <mask>'s authority, and the Minister of Telecommunications Charbel Nahas. The dispute escalated into an 8 – 14 March diplomatic proxy war that was unlawfully fought on grounds belonging to Minister <mask>'s jurisdiction. The event was highly publicized. Television stations had caught the entire showdown on cameras. Nahas then accused the ISF and 14 March of plotting a "coup d'Etat" against the state, and asked the Lebanese army to intervene.Head of the Lebanese Internal Security Forces (ISF) Ashraf Rifi and 14 March responded by accusing the Telecommunications Ministry of launching a coup against the executive branch of the Lebanese government, their pretext being that the equipment at hand had been installed in 2007 by a directive ordained by the Lebanese government, and thus only cabinet-level authority were

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texts:
 allowed to give directives to dismantle it. As a result, that same day of 26 May 2011, <mask> announced that he would no longer continue his ministerial duties. He famously stated that he had just "witnessed, along with the Lebanese people, the breakdown of the Lebanese state" <mask> also said that he tried for three years to serve the country, but that there was no longer a reason to do so since the Constitution was being trespassed. In his resignation speech, <mask> said:
"I sought to be a servant of the Republic independent of any political affiliation despite the criticism and challenges, however, it was shown that the logic was missing elsewhere, and I realized, after attempting to prevent the explosion, that the problem is greater than its face value and I therefore refuse to be a false witness. Because I refuse to be a caretaker minister, whose role is limited to executing ministry tasks by signing off the ministry's ordinary mail, while the authority he constitutionally holds over certain directorates that report to him gets reduced to just a legal, broken text;
Because disciplined behavior does not seem to reap any benefit anymore;
Because I refuse that the Constitution be violated through the creation of such antecedents that give permission to anybody to collapse the powers of the Minister, be it any Minister;
Because I will not take, nor have I ever taken, sides in a conflict that will carry the country to inevitable perils. I say all this independently of any lined political position, for the political team to which Minister Charbel Nahas belongs has not spared me, just like there is no rivalry between me and their opponent team but only cordiality and mutual respect with both teams. In light of all of the above, and in order for my presence at


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities not to be limited to processing mail or so, and since the Minister of Interior and Municipalities by proxy can carry out the management, or facilitation, of these tasks while safeguarding the interests of the people, I, therefore, declare my loyalty to the Constitution, with the law as my reference, and I say to the Lebanese people that taking them, or taking all of us, hostage is no longer acceptable.I have, thus, freed myself from being captive of this position, or whatever it has been transformed to, hoping that the language of wisdom shall govern all and save whatever remains of the power of the state, its institutions, and the civil peace that I so fear for." <mask>'s resignation speech can be found here (with English subtitles). It is said that <mask> had come close to resigning on multiple occasions prior to this event, but was prevented from doing so by President Sleiman, who needed a trustworthy ally in this all-important ministry. The 26 May events, however, had proven to be too outrageous for <mask> to ignore, inducing him to resign on the spot. The country was left feeling very uncomfortable with the idea of a military officer ignoring the directives of "perhaps the most popular civilian leader in the country." In the history of Lebanon, <mask> <mask> is the first Minister of the Interior to ever resign from ministerial duties. Image and social life
<mask> <mask>'s close relation with the Lebanese public made him widely respected and admired by the people.He was accessible to all, and is known to have been one of the very few government officials who personally responded to emails sent by citizens. <mask> was often seen in public civilian settings going about his job, taking his own car at night to

masks: Baroud Baroud Baroud Ziyad Baroud Ziyad Baroud Baroud


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts: directly interact with traffic offenders. He would often stand at security check points in the late hours of the night and personally discuss the importance of speed limits and traffic laws with young speeders, and resultantly, send them to spend three days at the "Kun Hadi" association in order for them to understand the dangers they face and pose to others when they speed and violate traffic rules. One famous anecdote, which was popularized by a blog, relates a December 2009 traffic incident describing <mask>'s hands-on approach. It was the month of holidays, and <mask> was caught in one of the traffic jams as police tried to get a handle on the situation marking off roads that were to be closed for the following day's Beirut marathon. "Instead of sitting in his blacked out Mercedes – as you can bet dozens of other big cheeses and probably a handful of the political class were – <mask> took matters to hand. The Interior Minister, much to the obvious chagrin of his bodyguards, got out of his car, rolled up his shirtsleeves and started directing traffic himself."As for his reputation within the ranks of officials, <mask> holds high esteem in the eyes of many decision makers in the country. Maronite Patriarch Bechara Boutros Al-Rai once described <mask> as "a national minister and the hope for every Lebanese person. [...] Nobody can relinquish him." <mask> is also very popular with political bloggers, both local and international. Upon his resignation, a hoard of encouraging blog articles flooded the Internet in support of <mask>'s service and resignation decision. http://www.yasa.org/ As minister of interior, He supported the efforts that led to the new Lebanese traffic law #243 that was enacted by the Lebanese parliament in 2012. In 2013, he was the lawyer of


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 yasa (youth association for social awareness) and Roads for Life in a case against the Lebanese government to cancel a decision by the Lebanese Council of ministers to stop the implementation of new Lebanese traffic law #243 that was enacted  by the Lebanese parliament in 2012. the conseil d'état of Lebanon approved yasa-roads for life  case and cancelled the decision by the Lebanese council of ministers.Personal life
<mask> <mask> is married to Linda Karam, a fellow lawyer. They have three children together: one son, Teo-Raphael, and two daughters, Elsa-Karol and Ayla-Maria. Memberships
Beirut Bar Association since 1993
Member of the Board of Trustees of Notre Dame University
UNDP Legal Consultant on local governance
Secretary General of the Lebanese Association for Democratic Elections (LADE) (2004–2005)
Member of the National Commission on Electoral Reform, known as Boutros Commission
Member of the Board of the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS)
Lecturer in Law at Université Saint Joseph (USJ)
Lecturer in the Master degree of Road safety Management at Université Saint Joseph (USJ)
Board member of the Faculty of Law at Saint Joseph University
Chairman of the Lebanese Governmental Commission on Decentralization

Awards

In July 2011, he was conferred the Silver Order Star insignia of the Spanish Order of Civil Merit in the rank of Commander by Number (Encomienda de Número) by the King of Spain Juan Carlos I, in courteous appreciation of <mask>'s civic virtues in service for Spain. Under <mask> <mask>'s leadership, the Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (MoIM) was awarded the prestigious 2010 First Prize of the United Nations Public Service Award. The award, considered one of the most prestigious honors for public service, was awarded to Lebanon

masks: Ziyad Baroud Baroud Ziyad Baroud


title: Ziyad Baroud

texts:
 out of 400 international public administrations. The United Nations Public Administration Network (UNPAN) ranked Lebanon first mainly for the Interior Ministry's work during the 2009 parliamentary elections. In September 2010, the International Foundation for Electoral Systems (IFES) awarded <mask> <mask> the "2010 IFES Charles T. Manatt Democracy Award" as a tribute to his commitment to freedom and democracy.The IFES awards, which recognize extraordinary efforts to advance electoral participation and democratic values, are given yearly to an American Republican, an American Democrat and a member of the international community to highlight the fact that democracy work transcends political parties and national borders. The awards took place on 28 September 2010, in Washington, DC. In October 2011, he was awarded "Officier de la Légion d'Honneur" in the rank of Chevalier by the French President Nicolas Sarkozy for his civic achievements. The Order is the highest decoration in France. In 2009, he was awarded "Grand Officier de L'Ordre National du Mérite de la République Française" in the rank of Commandeur by the Republic of France. In December 2009, he was named 2010 Man of the Year by Capital Issues newspaper and Data & Investment Consult-Lebanon. In 2007, he was named Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum.An award which "recognizes and acknowledges the professional accomplishment, commitment to society and their potential to contribute to shaping the future of the world of the top 250 young leaders from around the world." References

1970 births
Lebanese Maronites
Living people
Decentralization
Government ministers of Lebanon
Saint Joseph University alumni
University of Paris alumni
People from Keserwan District
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik

masks: Ziyad Baroud


title: Maximilian von Montgelas

texts:
<mask>le, <mask>gelas (; 12 September 1759 Munich – 14 June 1838 Munich) was a Bavarian statesman, a member of a noble family from the Duchy of Savoy. His father John Sigmund Garnerin, Baron Montgelas (), entered the military service of <mask>, Elector of Bavaria, and married the Countess <mask>. <mask>, their eldest son, was born in the Bavarian capital Munich on September 10, 1759. Early life
Montgelas was educated successively at Nancy, Strasbourg, and Ingolstadt. Being a Savoyard on his father's side, he naturally felt the French influence, which was then strong in Germany, with peculiar force. To the end of his life he spoke and wrote French more correctly and with more ease than German. Nevertheless, the Munich-born Montgelas always wanted to be addressed as a Bavarian by nationality.In 1779 he entered the public service in the department of the censorship of books. The Elector Charles Theodore, who had at first favored him, became offended on discovering that <mask> was associated with the Illuminati, a secret society in Bavaria that held the most anti-clerical propositions of the Enlightenment. <mask> therefore went to Zweibrücken, where he was helped by his brother Illuminati to find employment at the Court of the Duke, the head of a branch of the Wittelsbach family. From this refuge also he was driven by orthodox enemies of the Illuminati. The brother of the Duke of Zweibrücken, <mask>, took <mask> into his service as a Private Secretary. When his employer succeeded to the Duchy, <mask> was named a Minister, and in that capacity he attended the Second Congress of Rastatt in 1798, where the reconstruction of Germany, which was the consequence of the French Revolution, was in full swing. Minister in Bavaria
In 1799, the Duke of Zweibrücken succeeded to the throne of the Electorate of Bavaria, and he kept <mask> as his most trusted adviser.<mask> was the inspirer and director of the policy by which in 1806

masks: Maximilian Karl Joseph Franz de Paula Hieronymus de Garnerin de la Thui


title: Maximilian von Montgelas

texts: the Electorate was turned into a kingdom and was also greatly increased in size by the annexation of church lands, free towns, and small lordships, such as Wallerstein. As this end was achieved by undeviating servility to Napoleon, and by the most cynical disregard of the rights of Bavaria's German-speaking neighbors, <mask> became the type of an unpatriotic politician in the eyes of all Germans who revolted against the supremacy of France. From his own conduct and his written defence of his policy, it is clear that such sentiments as theirs appeared to Montgelas to be merely childish. He was a thorough politician of the 18th century type, who saw and attempted to see nothing except that Bavaria had always been threatened by the house of Habsburg, had been supported by Prussia for purely selfish reasons, and could look for useful support against these two only from France, which had selfish reasons of her own for wishing to counterbalance the power both of Austria and Prussia in Germany. As late as 1813, when Napoleon's power was visibly breaking down, and <mask> knew the internal weakness of his empire well from visits to Paris, he still continued to maintain that France was necessary to Bavaria. The decision of the king to turn against Napoleon in 1814 was taken under the influence of his son and of Marshal Wrede rather than of Montgelas, although the minister would not have been influenced by any feeling of sentimentality to adhere to an ally who had ceased to be useful. In internal affairs, <mask> carried out a policy of secularization and of administrative centralization by determined means, which showed that he had never wholly renounced his opinions of the time of the Enlightenment movement.In the field in interior politics he can be regarded as the most successful German politician of the early 19th century with a long list of achievements. Already in 1796, when the Duke of Zweibrücken (after the French

masks: Montgelas Montgelas Montgelas


title: Maximilian von Montgelas

texts:
 advance towards Zweibrücken) was a landless prince exiled in Ansbach, <mask> had developed a masterplan for the future modernisation of Bavaria. This lengthy paper, the "Ansbacher mémoire" was rediscovered in the 1960s and published in 1970 by the Bavarian historian Eberhard Weis, who also is <mask>' biographer. After 1799 when <mask> succeeded to the electorate of Bavaria, <mask> as his primary adviser and leading statesman very much followed his concept throughout the following years in a very uncompromising manner:

Montgelas enforced the taxation of the nobility and the clergy. Taxation went along with a complete economic description and measurement of Bavaria leading to an outstanding cadastral system. <mask> passed the first modern constitution for Bavaria in 1808, which included the abolition of any relics of serfdom that had survived until then. <mask>  was responsible for the abolition of the torture in 1812 by introducing a new penal code based on contemporary humanitarian standards.He introduced compulsory school education, compulsory military service, compulsory vaccination. He reorganised the Bavarian administration by a centralised cabinet of modern ministries instead of a multitude of chambers. <mask> was also responsible for the abolition of all tolls within the kingdom of Bavaria thus enabling free trade within the country. And he designed and passed a regulation for civil  servants, the "Dienstpragmatik", which became a model for civil service in Germany as whole. According to its rules, admission to any service within the public administration was no longer dependent on whether one was Catholic or of noble family, but solely on the quality of one's education. Thus <mask> broke the preponderance of the nobility in the higher and decisive ranks of public administration. Civil servants were granted a sufficient salary and their widows a pension.Thus Montgelas refounded the civil service on new

masks:
Montgelas
Montgelas
Maximilian Joseph
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas
Montgelas


title: Maximilian von Montgelas

texts: ethics and created a social group of servants loyal only to the crown and kingdom of Bavaria. In order to reduce the political and cultural influence of the Catholic Church in Bavaria in favor of the secular state, Montgelas extended civil rights, including citizenship, to Protestants. The Jewish communities were awarded a secure legal status, although there remained a discriminating special registration. Along these lines, Montgelas secularized—that is seized for the use and benefit of the State—many Catholic land-holdings, most especially the Bavarian monasteries. Montgelas was attempting to sever the Mortmain that had driven the state to the treasury to the brink of financial ruin under Karl Theodor. According to principles of the Enlightenment and the Napoleonic reorganization of Europe, the expropriation of Church property and the suppression of Church institutions were essential steps to the modernization of the State. Since the earliest centuries of the Middle Ages, the monasteries had owned large stretches of land and governed the farmers working that land.<mask>, again in keeping with principles of the Enlightenment and the Napoleonic reorganization of Europe that favored the establishment of absolute secular authority over against religion, eliminating such exercises of authority by and resources from church institutions was necessary. Monastic life as such was viewed by Montgelas, in keeping with the most religiously hostile forms of Enlightenment thinking, as useless, at best, and as a breeding ground of "superstition." In <mask>'s eyes, any form of parliamentary representation was as dangerous to the modern state as was the Church. Even the powerless and highly plutocratic Parliament introduced by the constitution of 1808 practically never came into being. <mask> himself declared, that the repeated wars prevented any convocation of the Parliament. In fact he preferred his status as a benevolent


title: Maximilian von Montgelas

texts:
 dictator and successfully evaded any control by any form of Parliament. Only after <mask>' dismissal in 1817, the  second introduced a real bicameral Parliament (to the standards of the era).His enemies persuaded the king to dismiss him in 1817, and he spent the remainder of his life as a member of the Bavarian House of Lords ("Kammer der Reichsräte") till his death in 1838. He had married the Countess <mask> in 1803, and had eight children; in 1809 he was made a count. As a typical generous nobleman of the 18th century he allowed his very attractive wife to have her lovers and even invited some of them to his palace. Honors

In 2005 the Free State of Bavaria and the city of Munich erected a monument at Munich's Promenadenplatz in his honor. In 2009, his 250th birth anniversary has been celebrated with the creation of honorific "Montgelas Prize" ("Montgelas-Preis" in German), awarded each year to French leaders to acknowledge their actions in favor of French-German cooperation. It has been awarded to Jean Arthuis (Head of the Committee on Budgets in the European parliament), Philippe Richert (President of the Regional Council of Alsace) and Thierry Breton (CEO of Atos and former Minister of the Economy). Biography
: Montgelas - Zwischen Revolution und Reform 1759–1799, München, Beck Verlag, 2nd edition, 1988,
Eberhard Weis: Montgelas - Der Architekt des modernen bayerischen Staates 1799–1838, München, Beck Verlag 2005,

See also
 History of Bavaria
 List of Minister-Presidents of Bavaria
 Ludwig I of Bavaria

References

External links
 Books and articles on Bavarian history 1777-1848
 an exhibition on Montgelas
 A Bavarian grammar school named after Montegals with information on him
 Kofi Annan and <mask> (funny shot, unknown where taken)

}

1759 births
1838 deaths
Nobility from Munich
Counts of Germany
Ministers-President of Bavaria
Members of the Bavarian Reichsrat
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
De

masks:
Montgelas
von Arco
Montgelas


title: Tony Fadell

texts:
<mask> (born March 22, 1969) is an American engineer, innovator, designer, entrepreneur, founder, coach, active investor, and author. He is the inventor of the iPod, co-inventor of the iPhone, and founder and former CEO of Nest Labs. Fadell is known as the "father of the iPod", the device which helped turn around Apple Inc.’s fortunes from a struggling computer manufacturer to the most valuable public company in history and helped create what has become responsible for over 50 per cent of all of Apple's revenue today. He joined Apple Inc. in 2001, served as the Senior Vice President of the iPod division at Apple Inc. and oversaw all iPod hardware, software, and accessories development. As the co-creator of the iPhone, he also worked on the first three generations of the iPhone and oversaw all iPhone hardware, firmware, and accessories development from March 2006 to November 2008. In May 2010, he co-founded Nest Labs, which announced its first product, the Nest Learning Thermostat, in October 2011. Nest was acquired by Google in January 2014 for $3.2B.He resigned from Google in June 2016. In his 30-plus years of experience in the consumer electronics industry, Fadell has authored more than 300 patents and has received numerous awards and recognitions such as TIME Magazine "100 Most Influential People in the World" in 2014. In 2016, TIME named the Nest Learning Thermostat, the iPod and the iPhone as three of the “50 Most Influential Gadgets of All Time". Fadell is the Principal at Future Shape, a global investment and advisory firm coaching 200+ startups working on foundational deep technology. His book Build An Unorthodox Guide to Making Things Worth Making will be released May 2022. Build is full of personal stories, practical advice and fascinating insights into some of the most impactful products and people of the 20th century. Education and early life
<mask> was born to a Lebanese father and a Polish mother.His father was a sales executive at Levi Strauss and Co. Fadell is an alumnus of Grosse Pointe South High School in Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan. He

masks:
Anthony Michael Fadell
Fadell


title: Tony Fadell

texts:
 graduated from the University of Michigan with a BS in Computer Engineering in 1991. While still at University of Michigan, he was CEO of Constructive Instruments, which marketed MediaText, multimedia composition software for children. Career

Early career
After college, Fadell worked for Apple spinoff General Magic for three years, working with Sony, Philips, Matsushita, Toshiba and other consumer electronics firms in the "General Magic Alliance" to develop a line of personal handheld communicators. Starting in 1992 as a diagnostics engineer and progressing to a systems architect, he was responsible for the development of a number of technologies and devices, including the Sony Magic Link and Motorola Envoy, both of which were part of the Magic Cap platform. Philips Electronics
In 1995, he was hired by Philips where he co-founded their Mobile Computing Group and served as the Chief Technology Officer, and Director of Engineering. He developed a number of Windows CE-based hand-held services, notably the Philips Velo and Nino PDA.Fadell went on to become a Vice President of Philips Strategy and Ventures where he was in charge of developing Philips' digital audio strategy consisting of technology direction for silicon and software, as well as its investment portfolio and potential business models. In July 1999, <mask> started his own company called Fuse to develop the "Dell of the Consumer Electronics". One of the devices he had in mind was a small hard disk-based music player and an online-store-for-music. Fuse failed, however, to find a second round of funding, and <mask> started exploring developing the product at other companies. He first approached RealNetworks in 2000 but left after only six weeks. Apple Inc.
Fadell found support for his business idea of an MP3 player complemented by an online music store in Apple. In 2001 Fadell was hired by Apple as a contractor designing the iPod and planning Apple's audio product strategy.His idea for a small hard disk-based music player and an online-store-for-music had caught Steve Jobs's attention. During that

masks: Fadell Fadell


title: Tony Fadell

texts:
 deep technology. He has been coaching founders and investing in their startups for the better part of the past decade. With 200+ startups in its portfolio, Future Shape seeks to bring technology out of the lab and into our lives. Fadell and his team at Future Shape coach startups to get the fundamentals right for lasting innovation.<mask> believes that the first trillionaire in the world is someone who’s going to fix climate change. Awards and recognition
In 2012, he was the recipient of the Alva Award, honoring him as "the next great serial inventor". Vanity Fair also recognized him as a trailblazer on their 2012 Next Establishment list. In 2013, <mask> was acknowledged as one of Business Insider's Top 75 Designers in Technology, Fast Company's 100 Most Creative People, and CNBC's Top 50 Disruptors. His 2015 TED Talk titled "The first secret of design is...noticing" has been viewed over two million times. Overview of awards and recognitions:

 (2004) University of Michigan, College of Engineering's alumnus of the year award
(2012) Alva Award, "The Next Great Serial Inventor"
 (2012) (2013) (2014) Vanity Fair, Next Establishment list
 (2013) Business Insider, Top 75 Designers in Technology
 (2013) Fast Company, 100 Most Creative People
 (2013) CNBC, Top 50 Disruptors
 (2013) Fortune, Trailblazers: 11 people changing business
 (2014) Fortune, The World's Top 25 Eco-Innovators
 (2014) TIME Magazine, 100 Most Influential People in the World
 (2014) CNN, CNN 10: Thinkers
 (2014) Golden Plate Award, American Academy of Achievement, presented by Awards Council member George Lucas
(2016), TIME named the Nest Learning Thermostat, the iPod and the iPhone as three of the “50 Most Influential Gadgets of All Time

References

1969 births
Living people
American designers
American people of Lebanese descent
American people of Polish descent
American technology chief executives
American technology company founders
Apple Inc. employees
Apple Inc. executives
Google employees
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
Alphabet Inc. people
21st-century American

masks: Tony Fadell


title: Washington Lloréns

texts:
<mask> (28 November 1899 – 21 June 1989) was a Puerto Rican writer, linguist, lexicographer, journalist and literary critic. Trained as a pharmacist and chemist, he applied his knowledge of science to vocabulary and linguistics, for which he had a passion. As a lexicographer, one of his notable achievements was the inclusion of over 50 Puerto Rican words in the nineteenth edition of the Dictionary of the Royal Academy of the Spanish Language in 1970. <mask> was born on 28 November 1899, in Ponce, Puerto Rico. He studied in elementary school in Arroyo and high school in Guayama. He attended Temple University Preparatory School in Philadelphia, where he earned a degree in Pharmacy and Chemistry in 1925. He returned to Puerto Rico and became president of the Association of Chemists and the Puerto Rico Pharmacy Examining Board, director of the Revista Farmacéutica journal and co-editor of the Boletín del Colegio de Químicos.From 1943 through 1963, he worked for the federal government as a chemist in the Federal Laboratory of the Internal Revenue Service's Division of Alcohol and Tobacco Taxation, and then retired. Writer

Essays and short stories
Lloréns cultivated his passion for literature through his essays and short stories. During his youth, he contributed to the monthly publication Páginas de Juventud and the newspapers El Día and El Aguila de Puerto Rico and to the San Juan weekly titled Puerto Rico Ilustrado. As a professional, he wrote for El Carnaval, El Mundo, Puerto Rico Ilustrado and Alma Latina, among other publications. These articles addressed his literary appreciation for Puerto Rican authors such as Enrique Laguerre, María Cadilla de Martínez, José P.H. Hernández, Manuel Zeno Gandía, Antonio Pedreira, Carmelina Vizcarrondo and Luis Villaronga, and

masks:
Washington Lloréns Lloréns
Sopsis Lloréns


title: Washington Lloréns

texts:
 magazine "Alma Latina" in San Juan. Literary criticism, linguistics and lexicography
Among Lloréns's works on literary criticism, linguistics and lexicographical studies are "Un intruso en el jardín de Academo" (1957), "El español de Puerto Rico y la decimoctava edición del Diccionario de la Real Academia Española" (1957) and "Comentarios a refranes, modismos, locuciones de 'Conversao en el batey' de Ernesto Juan Fonfrías" (1962). In these essays, Lloréns was critical and unyielding toward the transgressions of Puerto Ricans in the spoken vernacular, which, according to him, were the result of the imposition of English by the United States authorities as the official language of instruction. Among the lectures Lloréns presented are "Los grandes amores del poeta Luis Lloréns Torres" (1959), "El humorismo, el epigrama y la sátira en la literatura puertorriqueña" (1960), "Hamlet visto por Hostos y Goethe" (1962), "Tres temas sobre Hostos" (1962), "Dos mujeres del Quijote" (1964), "Anatomía de un gramaticastro" (1967), "El habla popular de Puerto Rico" (1968), "Augusto Malaret: crítica a la crítica" (1972) and "La magia de la palabra" (1981).He contributed to periodicals in Puerto Rico and beyond, such as El Imparcial, El Mundo, El Día, La Milagrosa, la Revista del Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, Rumbos (Barcelona, Spain), ABC de España (Spain), Boletín de la Academia de Artes y Ciencias de Puerto Rico and "Prensa", of which he was a member of the editorial board and later (in 1963) became its manager, at a time when it was known as "Prensa Literaria: the official organ of the Puerto Rican Society of Journalists and Writers". For El Nuevo Día, he wrote a column called "Academo". He was also an advisor to the Revista de la Universidad Interamericana. <mask>s


title: Washington Lloréns

texts:
 was a corresponding member of the Paraguayan Institute of Historic Research and the Real Academia Española (English: Royal Academy of the Spanish Language), a founding member of the Puerto Rican Academy of the Spanish Language and second vice president of the Puerto Rican Institute of Hispanic Culture. He was also president of the Institute of Puerto Rican Literature and the Puerto Rico Academy of Arts and Sciences. Death
He died in San Juan on 21 June 1989. He was 90 years old.Accolades
 In 1960, the Spanish government named him Commander of the Order of Civil Merit. Recipient of two awards from the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture (1956 and 1964)
Received an honorary degree from Temple University for his contributions in the field of pharmacy. Recognized at Ponce's Tricentennial Park for his contributions in the field of literature. His 1954 short story "Montaña en flor" won a prize from the Coffee Producers Cooperative of Puerto Rico. Books by <mask>éns
The following are books written by Lloréns since 1960:

 Catorce pecados de humor y una vida descabellada (1959)
 El humorismo, el epigrama y la satira en la literatura puertorriqueña (1960)
 Comentarios a Refranes, modismos, locuciones de Coversao en el Batey de Ernesto Juan Fonfrias (Club de la Prensa, 1956) (1962)
 Dos mujeres del Quijote: la mujer de Sancho, Maritornes (1964)
 El habla popular de Puerto Rico (1968)
 Transculturacion en Puerto Rico (1969)
 Diez pecados de humor'' (1977)

See also

 List of Puerto Rican writers
 List of Puerto Ricans
 Puerto Rican literature
 People from Ponce, Puerto Rico

External links
 Rivera de Alvarez, Josefina. Literatura puertorriqueña, su proceso en el tiempo. Madrid: Ediciones Panteón, 1983.References

1899 births
1989 deaths
Writers from Ponce
Journalists from


title: Hans Abrahamsen

texts:
<mask> (born 23 December 1952) is a Danish composer born in Kongens Lyngby near Copenhagen. His  Let me tell you (2013), a song cycle for soprano and orchestra, was ranked by music critics at The Guardian as the finest work of the 21st-century. His opera The Snow Queen was commissioned and premiered by the Royal Danish Theatre in 2019. Biography

Early life
His interest in composition and piano began after hearing his father playing piano. His first attempts at "little melodies" were designed to be played with the only two fingers on his right hand that were capable of playing the instrument. After realizing that he would not be able to progress, he shifted his focus to the French horn. From 1969 to 1971, he studied horn, music theory, and music history at the Royal Danish Academy of Music in Copenhagen.While at the conservatory, his music was inspired by his mentors Per Nørgård and Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen. In the 1980s, he continued his studies attending seminars with György Ligeti. Early career
<mask> is considered to have been part of a trend called the "New Simplicity", which arose in the mid-1960s as a reaction against the complexity and perceived aridity of the Central European avant-garde. <mask>’s first works conformed to the tenets of this movement, particularly the circle around the Darmstadt School. For <mask>, this meant adopting an almost naive simplicity of expression, as in his orchestral piece Skum ("Foam", 1970). Around this time, he was also involved with a group called the Gruppen for Alternativ Musik, which was designed to allow musicians to "perform new music in alternative forms," and "to develop

masks:
Hans Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen


title: Hans Abrahamsen

texts:
 socially and politically committed music." These ideals can be seen in his Symphony in C which was originally titled Anti-EEC Sats (Anti-EEC Movement).The title was changed "after the composer came to the realization that ' music cannot be against.'" His style soon altered and developed into a personal dialogue with Romanticism which can be seen in his orchestral work Nacht und Trompeten. In 1982, he found early success when this piece was performed by the Berlin Philharmonic. The conductor of that performance, notable composer <mask> Henze, soon became a champion of <mask>'s music. Hiatus
From 1990 to 1998, <mask> completed only one work, a short song. According to the composer, “[he] couldn't find the way to make what [he] wanted.” The prevailing attitudes about complexity in music caused him to be "paralyzed by the white paper." Coming out of his hiatus, he began working on new arrangements of Johann Sebastian Bach.The orchestrations of these arrangements included many nods to minimalist composers foreshadowing aesthetic changes in <mask>'s music. Return to music
After his return to composition, his music was radically changed. It combined his early artistic attitudes with newer artistic goals with a modernist stringency and economy into a larger individual musical universe. Notable works since his return to composition include a piano concerto written for his wife Anne-Marie Abildskov, and the extended chamber work Schnee ("Snow"), where the paring-down of material appears to reach a new extreme. Schnee has also received attention for its construction from both arch-shaped and straight-line processes that unfold over the

masks:
Hans Werner
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen


title: Hans Abrahamsen

texts:
 work's duration and for innovative details such as its inline, composed retuning intervals. <mask>'s let me tell you, a song cycle for soprano and orchestra based on the novella of the same name by Paul Griffiths, was premiered on 20 December 2013 by the Berlin Philharmonic, with soprano soloist Barbara Hannigan (to whom the work is dedicated), conducted by Andris Nelsons. Franz Welser-Möst led the Cleveland Orchestra in the U.S. premiere in January 2016.<mask> won the $100,000 2016 Grawemeyer Award for this work. The City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra gave the British premiere of the song cycle in 2014. The same year CBSO co-commissioned from <mask> a concerto for piano left hand. Left, Alone received its world premiere in Cologne in January 2016, performed by pianist Alexandre Tharaud, for whom the concerto was composed. Four months later, Tharaud gave the British premiere for the CBSO, conducted by Ilan Volkov. <mask> has written that being "born with a right hand that is not fully functional" has given him "a close relationship with the works written for the left hand by Ravel and others." His first opera Snedronningen (The Snow Queen) is a free adaptation of the fairy tale by <mask> Andersen.It was premiered at the Danish Opera House on 13 October 2019 and received its first performance in English (by Bayerische Staatsoper) at the National Theater in Munich on 21 December 2019. Selected works

Opera

 The Snow Queen (2019)

Orchestra

 Drei Märchenbilder aus der Schneekönigin (2018)
 Three Pieces for Orchestra (2017)
 Bamberger Tanz (2014)
 Ten Sinfonias (2010)
 Nacht und Trompeten (1981)
 Stratifications (1975)

masks:
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Abrahamsen
Hans Christian


title: Sumatheendra R. Nadig

texts:
<mask> (4 May 1935 - 7 August 2018) was an Indian professor and writer in Kannada. Nadig came upon the literary scene as a prominent modern poet in the 1960s. He was a close associate of Gopalakrishna Adiga, the leader of the modernist movement. <mask>'s "Dampatya Gita" has been translated into English, Hindi, Bengali and other Indian languages. His other major poem, "Panchabhut", is considered to be an important and original contribution to modern Indian literature. His poetic achievement has been acknowledged by poets including Gopalakrishna Adiga, Pu. Ti.Narasimhachar, Ayyappa Panikar, Sitanshu Yashaschandra, Manohar <mask>, and G. S. Shivrudrappa; writers including S. L. Bhyrappa and U. R. Anantha
Murthy; and scholars including Kapila Vatsyayan and Sibnarayan <mask>. Nadig had two master's degrees in English, one from Mysore University and the other from Temple University (US). He also received a PhD in Kannada from Bangalore University and an honorary doctorate, "Shabda Marthand", from Gurukul Kangri University, Hardwar. He had received many awards, including the Karnataka Rajyothsava Prashsti, Dinakara Pratisthana Prashasti, V. M. Inamdar
Prashsti, and M.V.Si. Puraskara. He was the Chairman of National Book Trust from 1996 to 1999. He was well known for his critical studies of Bendre, K.S.Narasimha Swamy and Adiga, and short stories and nursery rhymes, and translations from Bengali to Kannada, and from Kannada to English. He knew Kannada, English, Hindi, Marathi, Konkani, and Bengali. Personal life
<mask> Nadig was married to Malathi and had three children. Awards

 Bala Sahitya Puraskara by Sahitya Akademi in 2016
 Kempe Gowda Award, Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, July 2007
 Sri Krishna Prashasti, conferred by Sri Sri Pejawara
 Viswesha Tirtha Swamiji, June 2007
 Vijayeendra Puraskara, conferred by Sri Sri
 Sushameendra Teertha Swamiji, July 2007

masks:
Sumathendra Raghavendra Nadig
Nadig
Rai Sardesai
Ray
Sumatheendra


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
<mask> (25 August 1955 – 21 June 2010) was an English musician and comedian known for fronting the band The Freshies in the late 1970s and early 1980s and for his comic persona Frank Sidebottom from 1984 onwards. Sievey, under the guise of Sidebottom, made regular appearances on North West television throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, even becoming a reporter for Granada Reports. Later, he presented Frank Sidebottom's Proper Telly Show in B/W for the Manchester-based television station Channel M. Throughout his career, Sidebottom made appearances on radio stations such as Manchester's Piccadilly Radio and on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 5, alongside Mark and Lard. Biography

Early life and career (1955–1976)
<mask> grew up in Ashton-on-Mersey, Sale, Cheshire (2.5 miles from Timperley). In 1969, when he was 14, Sievey began writing and recording his own music, and by the age of 15 was playing in local bands. In 1971 he hitch-hiked to London with his brother, staging a sit-in at the Apple Records HQ, demanding to see one of The Beatles. When they were asked to leave they insisted on recording something, and were booked into the studio after playing a song to head of A&R Tony King.Sievey subsequently recorded several demos, which he sent to record companies, receiving many rejection letters which he later compiled into a book. Unable to get a deal, he set up his own Razz label in 1974. Sievey released two cassettes under his own name in 1975 and 1976 – Girl in My Blue Jeans and All Sleeps Secrets. The Freshies (1977–1982)
In 1977 Sievey formed The Freshies, with various other musicians involved including Martin Jackson, Billy Duffy and former

masks:
Christopher Mark Sievey
Sievey


title: Chris Sievey

texts: Nosebleeds bassist Rick Sarko. A string of singles and several cassettes were released between 1978 and 1983. Most of these were credited to The Freshies, but were occasionally listed as <mask> & The Freshies. In 1981, Sievey played on "Some Boys" by Going Red?, the band formed by former Jilted John star Graham Fellows.The Freshies biggest UK hit was "I'm in Love with the Girl on the Manchester Virgin Megastore Checkout Desk", released initially on his own Razz label (RAZZ 10), it was reissued by the US giant MCA Records with a slightly different title ("I'm in Love with the Girl on a Certain Manchester Megastore Checkout Desk") as there were objections about using the Virgin brand name. The record peaked at No 54. They had regional success in the Manchester area with "My Tape's Gone", "No Money" / "Oh Girl" and "Yellow Spot". Radio 1, and in particular Mike Read gave The Freshies a lot of airplay, especially the MCA release. After the "success" of "I'm in Love with the Girl on the Manchester Virgin Megastore Checkout Desk", the group released further singles, "Wrap Up the Rockets" and "I Can't Get Bouncing Babies by the Teardrop Explodes", and although commercially successful in the Manchester area, they failed to make the national charts. They released 2 further cassettes, "Manchester Plays The Freshies" and "London Plays The Freshies", these were both essentially radio interviews with local and national DJs and concert recordings from each city. <mask> had written his first LP by this stage, "The Johnny Radar Story", which, for various legal and contractual complications, was never released on vinyl.There are master copies on cassette in

masks:
Chris Sievey
Chris


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
 circulation though (albeit, very few). In February of 1982 <mask> abandoned quartet lineup of The Freshies, and reformed it as a duo with Barbara O'Donovan. The duo version of The Freshies released one single, Fasten Your Seat Belts'. In 1982 he released the mini-album Denigration Now, his first work outside of The Freshies since 1976's All Sleeps Secrets. The following year he released a solo EP, Camouflage, with the A-side a song, and the B-Side being computer programming. Frank Sidebottom (1984–1994)
The Frank Sidebottom character first appeared on an untitled 1984 EP by <mask> & The Freshies, in a spoken word track wherein Frank talks to <mask>. The character was instantly recognizable by his large spheroidal head, styled like an early Max Fleischer cartoon.This was initially made from papier-mâché, but later of fibreglass. In the documentary Being Frank, <mask> (<mask>'s brother) states this was made using plaster of Paris. Frank, usually dressed in a 1950s-style sharp suit, was portrayed as an aspiring pop star from the small village of Timperley, near Altrincham. His character was cheerfully optimistic, enthusiastic, and seemingly oblivious to his own failings. Although supposedly 35 years old (the age always attributed to Frank irrespective of the passage of time), he still lived at home with his mother, to whom he made frequent references. His mother was apparently unaware of her son's popularity. Frank sometimes had a sidekick in the form of "Little Frank", a hand puppet who was otherwise a perfect copy of Frank.Comedy character Mrs Merton started out as Frank's sidekick on his radio show Radio Timperley, and the similarity of the

masks:
Sievey
Chris Sievey
Chris
Martin Sievey
Chris


title: Chris Sievey

texts: characters is evident, exuding a sense of great ambition which belies a domestic lifestyle in the North of England. Sidebottom's former Oh Blimey Big Band members include Mark Radcliffe and Jon Ronson, and his driver was <mask>. Immediately after creating the character, Sievey would record an in-character cover 'Material Boy', and send it to several major labels with the note ''I'm thinking of getting into showbiz. Do you have any pamphlets?" EMI were interested and offered him an interview. <mask> appeared in character as Frank, and was signed to their sub-label Regal Zonophone. Zonophone released his third EP 'Frank's Sidebottom's Firm Favorites' in August of 1985.He'd previously self released two EPs as Frank in 1985, titled 'Frank's Summer Special' as well as an early version of 'Firm Favorites'. The EP reached 97 in the UK Charts on 31 August 1985 before dropping completely. In order to promote the EP, he made an appearance on the TV programme TX' the first of many appearances on the ITV network. His second Zonophone EP, 'Oh Blimey, It's Christmas charted slightly higher than the first, at number 87, before dropping off again. It was likely the failure of his third Zonophone EP, Sci-Fi, that caused him to be dropped by the label. Afterwards he was signed to Marc Riley's In Tape label, on which he would release two albums and four EPs. Despite the minimal chart success from these EPs, Frank had developed a cult following that allowed him to attract audiences upwards of 500 in Northern England and London.This act of extensively touring the country would develop Frank's status. Performances were often varied from straightforward stand-up comedy

masks:
Chris Evans
Chris


title: Chris Sievey

texts: and featured novelty components such as tombola, and crowd interaction. Sometimes the show also included lectures. Contrasting with the alternative comedians of the time, Frank Sidebottom's comedy was family-friendly, if a little bizarre for some. This family friendly nature lead to Frank getting his own comic strip in the children's weekly comic Oink!, which launched 1986. His backing band, dubbed '''The Oh Blimey Band' consisted of Mike Doherty on drums, Rick Sarko on guitar (both formerly of The Freshies), Patrick Gallagher on bass, and later, Jon Ronson on keyboards. At the same time as touring, Frank would become a semi-regular cast member on the two final seasons of the ITV children's programme No.73, eventually being grandfathered into its spin off 7T3. In 1987 Frank released his first album, a spoken word cassette called 'Fantastic Tales', released through his own 11:37 label. His first musical album, entitled 5:9:88', was released on vinyl by In Tape a year later. This album introduced the character Mrs Merton, portrayed by Caroline Aherne. Aherne continued to use the character as a comic persona, leading to her own TV Show, launching the comedians TV career. <mask> and the band, whilst disgruntled by the success of a character created for Frank now detached from Frank, did not resent it, with drummer Mike Doherty saying that while she had taken the characters name, she had crafted her own thing out of it. Frank was perhaps most popular in the North West of England, where his success was caught up in that of the Madchester scene, and for a time was a regular on regional ITV station Granada, even featuring as a reporter on its regional news


title: Chris Sievey

texts: programme, Granada Reports.Along his frequent television appearances, the Frank Sidebottom character also made appearances on radio, on stations such as Manchester's Piccadilly Radio and on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 5 BBC Radio 5, alongside Mark and Lard. Jon Ronson first played with Frank's Oh Blimey Band in 1987, when their original keyboardist (Mark Radcliffe (radio broadcaster)) was unable to make it to a gig at The Cricketers pub at Kennington Oval, London SE11. Ronson was social secretary at the Polytechnic of Central London and knew Mike Doherty as an agent. During the band introductions at the end of the show, Ronson noted a negative reaction to his presence, but found that his microphone had been almost completely muted, leaving him completely unheard by the audience. Despite this, one year later, he was offered a full time place in the band, which he accepted. This same year Frank was included on the charity album Sgt. Pepper Knew My Father, which featured other acts like Michelle Shocked, The Christians, Sonic Youth, Billy Bragg, Hue and Cry, The Fall and Wet Wet Wet.He later recorded "Flying" for another Beatles tribute album, Revolution No. 9. In 1989 <mask> re-arranged the Oh Blimey Band, introducing Richard Jones from the recently broken up local band The Desert Wolves on bass guitar, along with a new guitarist and saxophonist. <mask> wanted to give the band a more professional sound, and booked a 30 date tour, the longest the band had ever undertook. This new lineup was a source of tension between the members, with Richard Jones and Jon Ronson taking a near instant disliking for each other. The tour and its new sound were panned by

masks: Sievey Chris


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
 audience members and critics alike, leading to Sievey abandoning the new line-up in 1990, instead choosing to perform solo from then on. After this, Frank began to make semi-regular guest appearances on the final season of ITV programme and No.73 successor, Motormouth, as well as numerous appearances on Channel 4, including the British version of the game show Remote Control which was presented by Tony Wilson, where each week he would pose "Frank's Fantastic Question" to the contestants. The popularity of these appearances lead to him getting his own show on the network, Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show, which lasted one season in 1992. Afterwards he migrated to What's Up Doc?, where Sievey would not only portray Sidebottom, but also create the recurring segment Life with the Amoebas. After the first two seasons Sievey left the show. Retirement of Frank, stop motion work, & failed solo ventures (1995–2004)
As the 1990s reached their midpoint, the Frank character began to make fewer and fewer public appearances, before seemingly being retired. During this time, Sievey began working on a solo album entitled Life in 74 Minutes, before abandoning it. In 2000 he began working in stop motion animation and became a regular crew member on Seasons 4 - 6 of Bob the Builder, as well as a writer on the fourth season of Pingu.In 2003 <mask> began working on a new album, entitled Scilly Automatic. One track from this, "Lazy Rising More Slowly, Where R.U, Oh 'Chele'" was released on the 2019 outtakes and rarities compilation Being Frank. Frank's comeback (2005–2010)
Frank had faded into obscurity in the late 1990s, rarely appearing either on TV or making


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
 performed at Bloom Festival in 2007 and Kendal Calling in 2008. In late 2009 and early 2010 he supported John Cooper Clarke on a UK tour.Frank's last professional appearance was at the Pyramid Arts Centre, Warrington on 4 June 2010. His last personal appearance was at the Salutation pub, Higher Chatham Street, Manchester on 11 June 2010 when he launched his World Cup single, "Three Shirts on the Line". Following <mask>'s death in June 2010, a social networking campaign was launched to gain Frank his first UK hit. "Guess Who's Been on Match of the Day" entered the charts at No. 66. In December 2010, Frank Sidebottom's 1986 song "Christmas Is Really Fantastic" was re-released in an attempt to become the Christmas number one. Television work

 Early Appearances & No.73 (1985–1988)
<mask>'s earliest television appearance was on the children's television show TX with an in character interview as Frank Sidebottom, shortly following the release of his first Zonophone EP. The following year, <mask> guest starred on the sixth season of British Television series No 73, after which he, portraying Frank, would become a regular cast member for its final two seasons. <mask> would be carried over to the show's short lived spin-off, 7T3, portraying Frank in two early episodes, then, a character called Reg in the later half. Reg is one of the few examples of <mask> playing a character on television not related to Frank Sidebottom. Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show / What's Up Doc? (1989–1998)
Three years following the end of 7T3, Frank became a regular cast member on the fourth, and final, season of the children's TV series Motormouth. Post Motormouth's

masks: Sievey Sievey Sievey Sievey Chris


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
 cancellation Frank was given his own show, entitled Frank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show, a television programme shown in 1992 featuring <mask> as fictional character Frank Sidebottom.Guests included Caroline Aherne, Phil Cornwell, Midge Ure, Gerry Anderson, The Farm, Pop Will Eat Itself, Oceanic and Keith Chegwin. The show was produced by Dave Behrens for Yorkshire Television and was shown on ITV. The show only went for one season. Following its conclusion, <mask> became a regular cast member on the first two seasons of What's Up Doc? On the show, as well playing Frank, Sievey would also portray Mr. Fantastico, removed after the first season, and Life with the Amoebas. Throughout the rest of the 90s Frank's television appearances would lessen, not attaching himself as a regular cast of anything, but making occasional appearances. Bob The Builder & Others (2000–2005)
After retiring the character of Frank Sidebottom, Sievey became Prop Designer and Set Dresser on the fourth season of stop motion animated series, Bob The Builder.<mask> remained a crew member until the shows sixth season, but continued to work on the series' specials until 2005. In 2003 he became a writer on Fimbles, and then, in 2004, on the British revival of the Swiss stop motion programme Pingu. Frank Sidebottom's Proper Telly Show / Final Appearances (2006–2008)
In 2006, Sievey revived the character of Frank Sidebottom with the short lived television series, Frank Sidebottom's Proper Telly Show. Throughout 2007 Frank made several television appearances, before releasing his final project, Magical Timperley Tour, a short film featuring Frank touring 100 of his friends around

masks:
Chris Sievey
Sievey
Chris


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
 the characters' home town of Timperley. Filmography

 Awards and honours

Sievey was posthumously recognized with the special judges' award at the 2011 Chortle Awards. A publicly funded statue of Frank by Colin Spofforth was unveiled on 20 October 2013 at 11:37 in Timperley village, the timing a reference to one of the character's catchphrases. Death and legacy
<mask> was diagnosed with cancer in May 2010, and died at Wythenshawe Hospital on 21 June 2010 at the age of 54 after collapsing at his home in Hale, Greater Manchester.Sievey left a daughter, Asher, and two sons: Stirling and Harry (1992-2017). After it was reported that Sievey had died virtually penniless and was facing a pauper's funeral provided by state grants, a grassroots movement on various social networking websites raised £6,500 in a matter of hours. The appeal closed on Monday 28 June with a final balance of £21,631.55 from 1,632 donations. <mask>'s funeral was held on 2 July 2010 at Altrincham Crematorium. The private service was attended by more than 200 members of his family, friends and former colleagues. On 8 July 2010, over 5,000 fans of Frank Sidebottom gathered for a party at the Castlefield Arena in Manchester to celebrate Sievey's life. The acts included Badly Drawn Boy and surviving members of Frank's Oh Blimey Big Band who played in tribute.From 1 March to 30 April 2019, Manchester Central Library held an exhibition Bobbins: Frank Sidebottom and <mask>, which featured never-before-seen items from Sievey’s archives, from puppets to home videos to personal artefacts. The exhibition covered both Frank Sidebottom, and Sievey's other creative endeavours. It was announced

masks:
Sievey
Sievey
Chris Sievey


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
 in April 2019, that GCHQ had cracked the hidden codes and messages that Sievey had left around the borders of his Frank Sidebottom books and recordings. On the Led Zeppelin bootleg "Bonzo's Last Stand", the back of the album has text which states, "Produced by Frank Sidebottom." While an obvious reference to the character, it also is a joking reference to Led Zeppelin guitarist /founder Jimmy Page, who produced all of their albums. He stands off to the side and at the bottom of the back cover photo. Film
The 2014 film Frank was largely inspired by the Frank Sidebottom character, telling the story of a young wannabe musician who joins a group led by the enigmatic Frank (Michael Fassbender).The film was written by Jon Ronson and Peter Straughan, and was based on Ronson's experiences playing in <mask>'s Oh Blimey Big Band. Although drawing from Ronson's memoir, the story is set in contemporary Ireland and America, and the Frank character combines elements of Sievey with Daniel Johnston and Captain Beefheart. In 2014, a feature-length documentary about the life and art of <mask>, entitled Being Frank: The <mask> Story was announced and was released in March 2019. It is directed by Steve Sullivan, and was funded through a successful Kickstarter campaign. The film documents <mask>'s entire life, including his band The Freshies and his creation of the Frank Sidebottom character, and features interviews with many of <mask>'s family and colleagues with exclusive access to <mask>' own personal archive of home movies, diaries, notebooks, props and costumes. Books
Jon Ronson, who worked with Sievey, published Frank: The True Story that Inspired the Movie in

masks:
Sievey
Chris Sievey
Chris Sievey
Sievey
Chris Sievey
Chris


title: Chris Sievey

texts:
 2014, a memoir of his time in the Frank Sidebottom Oh Blimey Big Band. A biography of <mask> was written by Manchester author Mick Middles, and was published in November 2014.Discography
Solo/as <mask>y
Albums

Singles

 EPs

 Videos Denigration Now VHS Video (1982), Razz

Video gamesFlying Train EMI (1983)The Biz Virgin Games (1984)

with/as The Freshies

Frank Sidebottom

Albums

 EPs

Compilations

Singles

VideosFrank Sidebottom's Fantastic Shed Show (1992)Frank's World'' (2007)

References

External links

 Radio Timperley Podcasts
 FranksWorld.co.uk Official site
 Frank's Myspace
 Little-Frank.co.uk
 Still from Frank movie

1955 births
2010 deaths
1990s British television series
Deaths from cancer in England
English male comedians
English male singers
People from Sale, Greater Manchester
20th-century English comedians
21st-century English

masks:
Chris Sievey
Chris Sieve


title: Amanda Vincent

texts:
<mask> is a Canadian marine biologist and conservationist, one of the world's leading experts on seahorses and their relatives. She currently holds the chair of the IUCN SSC Seahorse, Pipefish and Seadragon Specialist Group and is the marine representative on the IUCN's International Red List Committee as well as being the chair of its Marine Conservation Committee. She previously held the Canada Research Chair in Marine Conservation at the UBC Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries at the University of British Columbia (UBC), Canada from 2002 to 2012. <mask> co-founded and directs Project Seahorse, an interdisciplinary and international organisation committed to conservation and sustainable use of the world's coastal marine ecosystems. In 2020 she became the first marine conservationist to win the world's leading prize for animal conservation, the Indianapolis Prize. Education

<mask> received a B.Sc. (Hons.)from the University of Western Ontario in Canada, and a Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge, England. She was a visiting fellow in Sweden and Germany (1990–1991) and a senior research fellow at the University of Oxford, England (1991–1996). She was a faculty member at McGill University from 1996–2002. She held the Canada Research Chair in Marine Conservation at the Fisheries Centre at the University of British Columbia, Canada (2002-2012). She is currently full professor at the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, UBC. Project Seahorse

In

masks:
Amanda Vincent
Vincent
Vincent


title: Amanda Vincent

texts:
 1996, <mask> co-founded and still directs Project Seahorse, a marine conservation organization based at UBC, Canada, and Zoological Society of London, UK. Project Seahorse generates cutting-edge research and uses it for highly effective conservation interventions in fisheries, protected areas, trade and policy.Project Seahorse collaborates with researchers, governments, conservation groups, industry and local communities worldwide to ensure the conservation and sustainable use of the world's coastal marine ecosystems. Research

<mask> has written many scientific papers, technical reports, popular articles and policy briefings. She published the first monograph on the international trade in seahorses in 1996 and then co-authored a book on seahorse identification in 1999. Her work has been documented in five full-length television programmes, and other media coverage globally. Her background includes extensive rough travel through more than 60 countries. Her research interests include:

International conservation policy
Trade in marine life for non-food purposes (e.g. medicine, aquarium pets, and curios)
Seahorses, pipefishes, pegasid fishes
Regulation of trawling and bycatch
Marine protected areas and zoning
Community-based coastal resource management, particularly in Southeast Asia
Small-scale fisheries management, with a particular attention to gender issues
Marine trade assessment and policy development
Reproductive ecology of fishes and other marine

masks: Vincent Vincent


title: Amanda Vincent

texts:
 organisms, and its evolution

<mask> was the first person to study seahorses underwater, the first to document the extensive trade in these fishes, and the first to initiate a seahorse conservation project.Her work has received many awards and commendations. <mask> is consulted on marine management and policy issues. She is chair of the IUCN SSC Seahorse, Pipefish and Seadragon Group. She is the marine representative on the IUCN's International Red List Committee and is the chair of its Marine Conservation Committee. From 2000-2004, she chaired the Syngnathid Working Group for the 182-nation Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Project Seahorse played a pivotal role in the landmark CITES decision to begin regulating international trade in marine fishes. In addition, <mask> has held special responsibility for coastal species as a member of the steering committee of the IUCN Species Survival Commission.Selected publications

Aylesworth, L., Foster, S. J. and A.C.J. Vincent. 2019. Realities of offering advice to governments on CITES. Conservation Biology. Foster, S.J., Kuo, T-C., Wan, A.K.Y. and A.C.J.<mask>. 2019. Global seahorse trade defies export bans under CITES action and national legislation. Marine Policy
Gillespie, K.M. and A.C.J. <mask>. 2019.Marine reserves drive both taxonomic and functional change in coral reef invertebrate communities. Biodiversity and Conservation
Zhang, X. and A.C.J. <mask>. 2018. Predicting

masks: Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent


title: Amanda Vincent

texts:
 distributions, habitat preferences and associated conservation implications for a genus of rare fishes, seahorses. Diversity and Distributions
Lawson J.M., S.J. Foster and A.C.J.<mask>. 2017. Low bycatch rates add up to big numbers for a genus of small fishes. Fisheries 42(1):19-33. Cisneros-Montemayor, A. and A.C.J. <mask>. 2016.Science, society, and flagship species: social and political history as keys to conservation outcomes in the Gulf of California. Ecology and Society 21(2). <mask>, A.C.J., and J.M. Harris. 2014. Boundless no more. Science 346.6208: 420-421.<mask>, A.C.J., Y.J. Sadovy, S.L Fowler and S. Lieberman. 2013. The role of CITES in the conservation of marine fishes subject to international trade. Fish and Fisheries 15: 563–592. <mask>, ACJ, Giles BG, Czembor CA, Foster SF. 2011.Trade in Seahorses and Other Syngnathids in Countries Outside Asia (1998–2001). <mask>, ACJ, Foster SJ, Koldewey HJ. 2011. Conservation and management of seahorses and other Syngnathidae. Journal of Fish Biology. 78(6):1681-1724. <mask>, ACJ.2008. Keynote: Reconciling fisheries with conservation on coral reefs: the world as an onion. Reconciling fisheries with conservation: Fourth World Fisheries Congress. 49:1435–1467. <mask>, ACJ, Meeuwig J, Pajaro M, Perante N.  2007. Characterizing a small-scale, data-poor, artisanal fishery: Seahorses in the central Philippines. Fisheries Research.86(2-3):207-215. <mask>, ACJ, Marsden AD, Sumaila. UR. 2007. The role of

masks: Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent Vincent


title: Amanda Vincent

texts:
 globalization in creating and addressing seahorse conservation problems. Globalization: Effects on Fisheries Resources. :184-214.<mask>, ACJ. 2006. Live food and non-food fisheries on coral reefs, and their potential for management. Coral Reef Conservation. :183-236. <mask>, ACJ, Sadovy YJ. 1998.Reproductive ecology in the conservation and management of fishes. Behavioural Ecology and Conservation Biology. :209-245. All publications by <mask> (1998-present)

Awards and honours

Winner, Indianapolis Prize for Animal Conservation (2020)
Le Cren Medal (2018)
A global finalist for the Indianapolis Prize for Animal Conservation (2010, 2016)
Yves Rocher Foundation Woman of the Earth (2007)
Chevron Conservation Award (2005)
Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation (2000)
William Dawson Scholar (2000)
La Presse Personality of the Year (2000)
Time magazine Leader for the 21st Century (1999)
Whitley Award in Animal Conservation (1994)
Rolex Award for Enterprise (1998)
Grand Prix International pour l'Environment Marin (Conféderation Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques: 1997)

References

External links
<mask> profile (Project Seahorse)
<mask> profile (Indianapolis Prize)
"Leaders in Conservation named finalists for $100,000 award to help animals"

Living people
Canadian marine biologists
University of British Columbia faculty
Canada Research Chairs
University of Western Ontario alumni
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
McGill University faculty
Year of birth missing

masks:
Vincent
Vincent
Amanda Vincent
Amanda Vincent
Amanda Vincent