title: Abraham Genoels

texts:
 Adriaen Frans Boudewijns, to assist him in the design of these tapestries. In 1669–70 <mask> was sent to the southern Netherlands with Boudewijns and Jan van Huchtenburg to draw three views of the chateau of Mariemont to serve as tapestry designs for the Gobelins. The accounts of the Gobelins show that the three artists also received payments for their work on designs for a series of tapestries depicting the 'Months of the Year'. Adriaen Frans Boudewijns engraved numerous works by Genoels.The engraver Gérard Audran taught him engraving while they were both working for Le Brun. Charles Le Brun nominated <mask> as a candidate member of the Académie Royale in Paris. <mask> was accepted in the Académie in 1665. He then received a house and a pension from the French king. <mask> was also paid by the king to collaborate on paintings by Charles Le Brun on the battles of Alexander the Great. Genoels worked for various leading gentlemen of Paris including François Michel Le Tellier and Louis, Grand Condé (for his Château de Chantilly), before returning to Flanders in 1669. Genoels returned in 1669 to Antwerp where he was registered in the local Guild of St Luke 1672.He painted in 1672–73 a painting depicting Minerva and the muses in a landscape for the painters' room of the Antwerp in order to be exempted from all official duties at the Guild for 25 years. Travel to Italy

His desire to visit Rome was fulfilled in 1674 when he had earned enough money to finance this undertaking in a comfortable way. He set off with a group led by Marselis Liberechts, who had already been there and back. The other members of the group included Pieter Verbrugghen II (sculptor), Frans Moens of Middelburg, and a Canon of Liège. Further Albert Clouwet (engraver from Antwerp), <mask> den Heuvel

masks:
Genoels
Genoels
Genoels
Genoels
Abraham van


title: Abraham Genoels

type: original

texts:
 (merchant of Naples), and Soldanio (merchant of Venice). They left Antwerp in September 1674 for Cologne, and after 4–5 days took a boat down the Rhine to Mainz, and from there a market ship along the Rhine to Frankfurt. After a stay of 3 days they took a coach to Augsburg, and from there by horse towards Tirol, passing through Innsbruck, and over the Brenner Pass to Trento.From there they descended out of the Alps along the Brenta to Treviso, and from there went by boat to Venice. They then traveled by boat along the Po to Ferrara, and then went onwards to Bologna. After 4 days they took a horse and wagon to various small cities along the way and finally arrived in Rome. He became a member of the Bentvueghels, an association of mainly Dutch and Flemish artists active in Rome. It was common practice in the Bentvueghels to give each member a nickname, the so-called "bent name". Genoels' bent name was Archimedes. This name was given him because of Genoels' skills in geometry and perspective.<mask> sent Houbraken a copy of his "Bentbrief" which was signed by the witnesses to his membership ceremony. <mask> collaborated in Rome together with the Dutch painter Caspar van Wittel and may even have been his teacher. Return trip
In 1682 he undertook his return homewards to Antwerp. He rolled his paintings up and placed them inside clay models of antiquities and shipped these ahead. Then along with the engraver Laviron of Antwerp, and two French engravers Cavalier and Monier, he left on 25 April 1682 and travelled over Siena, Florence, Pisa, Livorno, Genoa, Nice, to Marseille, and then by mule to Avignon, and then up the Rhône to Lyons, and then up the Saône to Villefranche-sur-Saône. From there by horse over the route de Tarare over the mountains to Roanne on the Loire, and

masks: Genoels Genoels


title: Abraham Genoels

texts:
 from there by boat to Orléans, and from there to Paris, where he stayed to await his shipment and see old friends. When his ship came in he made a present of a painting to Charles le Brun, and a much larger one to Colbert.After that he left by carriage to Lille, and from there to Tournai and Ghent, arriving on 8 December 1682 in Antwerp, where he still lived when he was in correspondence with Houbraken. He became a member of the Guild of St. Luke there. He had the following pupils: Peeter Beethoven (1689–1690); Gillis Bisschop (1692–1693) and Ferdinandus Goffine (1694–1695). <mask> was very successful and died a rich man. Work

In his lifetime, the paintings of <mask> were very highly regarded but his reputation dwindled after the eighteenth century. This may be the reason why so few of his major works have survived. The surviving paintings are classically structured landscapes with mythological scenes that are classicizing in the style of Nicolas Poussin.His landscape drawings and etchings are still highly regarded. The well-structured compositions often depict Italianate architecture and small, sketchy figures set in a rich landscape. The drawings show determination and fluidity. <mask>'s etchings show a distinctly Italian influence with their landscape owing much to the Roman Campagna, including the architectural ruins that he includes. His prints depict idyllic landscapes and his designs were etched by others, such as Adriaen Frans Boudewijns. His works are in the Italianate style and contrast with the local naturalism of artists who depicted grittier northern landscapes. References

External links

1640 births
1723 deaths
Flemish Baroque painters
Flemish landscape painters
Flemish tapestry artists
Members of the Bentvueghels
Flemish engravers
Painters from

masks: Genoels Genoels Genoels


title: Francesco Severi

texts:
<mask> (13 April 1879 – 8 December 1961) was an Italian mathematician. He was the chair of the committee on Fields Medal on 1936, at the first delivery. <mask> was born in Arezzo, Italy. He is famous for his contributions to algebraic geometry and the theory of functions of several complex variables. He became the effective leader of the Italian school of algebraic geometry. Together with Federigo Enriques, he won the Bordin prize from the French Academy of Sciences. He contributed in a major way to birational geometry, the theory of algebraic surfaces, in particular of the curves lying on them, the theory of moduli spaces and the theory of functions of several complex variables.He wrote prolifically, and some of his work (following the intuition-led approach of Federigo Enriques) has subsequently been shown to be not rigorous according to the then new standards set in particular by Oscar Zariski and David Mumford. Although many of his arguments have since been made rigorous, a significant fraction were not only lacking in rigor but also wrong (in contrast to the work of Enriques, which though not rigorous was almost entirely correct). At the personal level, according to  he was easily offended, and he was involved in a number of controversies. Most notably, he was a staunch supporter of the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini and was included on a committee of academics that was to conduct an anti-semitic purge of all scholarly societies and academic institutions. Selected publications
All the mathematical works of <mask>, except all books, are collected in the six volumes of his "Opere Matematiche". , available at Gallica. The paper containing the first proof of Morera's theorem for holomorphic functions of several variables.
.The announce of the solution of the Dirichlet problem for pluriharmonic functions

masks:
Francesco Severi
Severi
Francesco Severi


title: Francesco Severi

texts:
 for domains with real analytic boundaries.
. In this paper Severi describes the "passage from real to complex" method he developed in order to deal with several problems in the theory of functions of several complex variables.
. In this work Severi gives his proof of the Hartogs' extension theorem.
. Notes from a course held by <mask> at the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica (which at present bears his name), containing appendices of Enzo Martinelli, Giovanni Battista Rizza and Mario Benedicty. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume I collects works published from 1900 to 1908.(available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume II collects works published from 1909 to 1917. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and

masks:
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi


title: Francesco Severi

texts:
 author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers.Volume III collects works published from 1918 to 1932. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume IV collects works published from 1933 to 1941. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions.The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume V collects works published from 1942 to 1948. (available from the "Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana"). His "Mathematical works, Memoirs and Notes": the complete collection, with the exception of books, of <mask>'s scientific contributions. The reprinted works, written in Italian, French, German, retain their original language in an improved typographical form amended from typographical errors and author's oversights: also, a comment of Severi was added to several papers. Volume VI collects works published from 1949 to 1961. Articles on Scientia
  Ipotesi e realta nelle scienze geometriche, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 8, 1910, pp.1–29
  Esame delle obiezioni d'ordine generale contro la relatività del tempo, Scientia: rivista

masks:
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi


title: Francesco Severi

texts:
 internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 37, 1925, pp. 77–86
  Elementi logici e psicologici dei principi di relatività, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 37, 1925, pp. 1–10
  Materia e causalità, energia e indeterminazione, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 81, 1947, pp. 49–59
  Leonardo e la matematica, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 88, 1953, pp. 41–44
  I fondamenti logici della relatività, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 90, 1955, pp. 277–282
  La matematica nella prima metà del secolo XX, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 92, 1957, pp. 20–26

Reviews
  Albert Einstein, L'ether et la theorie de la relativité, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 91, 1956, pp.42–43
  Eric Temple Bell, Les mathematiques reines et servantes des sciences, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 90, 1955, pp. 371–372
  Nikolaus Von Cues, Die Mathematische Schriften, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 89, 1954, pp. 34–34
  Ludovico Geymonat, Saggi di Filosofia neorazionalista, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 89, 1954, pp. 176–176
  Norbert Wiener, Introduzione alla cibernetica, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 88, 1953, pp. 312–313
  Eric Temple Bell, I grandi Matematici, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 86, 1951, pp. 183–184
  Richard Courant e Herbert Robbins, Che cos'è la matematica?, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 86, 1951, pp. 278–279
  Gottlob Frege, Aritmetica e Logica, Scientia: rivista internazionale di sintesi scientifica, 84, 1949, pp.144–144

See also
Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica <mask>i
Italian school of algebraic geometry
Morera's


title: Francesco Severi

texts:
 theorem
Néron–Severi group
Pluriharmonic function
Several complex variables
Severi–Brauer variety

References

Biographical and general references
. The "Yearbook" of the renowned Italian scientific institution, including an historical sketch of its history, the list of all past and present members as well as a wealth of information about its academic and scientific activities. .
.
.
.
, available at Gallica. A detailed description of the Bordin prize winning work of <mask> and Federigo Enriques.
.
.
. A report of the fourth International Congress of Mathematicians with a short exposition of the motivation for the awarding of the Guccia medal to Severi.
. The relation by Max Noether, Henri Poincaré and Corrado Segre on the motivation for the awarding of the Guccia medal to Severi, read during the fourth International Congress of Mathematicians. .
.
.
. A description of the scientific work done under the direction of <mask> at the "Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica during the early forties of the twentieth century, by one of his former doctoral students. Scientific references
.The "Proceedings of the mathematical conference for the celebration of the centenary of the birth of Guido Fubini and <mask>",  including several research as well as historical papers describing the contributions of Guido Fubini and Fracesco <mask> to various branches of pure and applied mathematics: the conference was held on 8–10 October 1979 at the Accademia delle Scienze di Torino.
. In the paper "The contributions of Guido Fubini and <mask> to the theory of functions of several complex variables" (English translation of the title), Gaetano Fichera describes the main contributions of the two scientists to the Cauchy and the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic functions of several complex variables, as well as the impact of their work on

masks:
Francesco Severi
Severi
Francesco Severi
Severi
Francesco Severi


title: Francesco Severi

texts:
 subsequent researches.
. "The Severi and Severi–Kneser theorems for analytic functions of several complex variables and their further developments" (English translation of the title) is an historical survey paper on the Cauchy and the Dirichlet problem for holomorphic functions of several complex variables, updating the earlier work .
. This paper, included in the Proceedings of the Study Meeting in Memory of Giuseppe Gemignani, is an account of the failures of Vito Volterra, Leonida Tonelli and <mask>i, when dealing with particular research problems during their career. An English translation of the title reads as:-"Three battles lost by three great Italian mathematicians".
. In the paper "The thought of Einstein in the work of Guido Fubini and <mask>" (English translation of the title), Dionigi Galletto describes the main contributions of the two scientists to special and general relativity.
. In this paper, R. Michael Range corrects some inexact historical statements in the theory of holomorphic functions of several variables, particularly concerning contributions of Gaetano Fichera and Francesco Severi.
. An historical paper exploring further the same topic previously dealt in the paper  by the same author. External links

: a very short biography of Severi, with a complete bibliography of his works, available at the "Geometria algebrica italiana (Italian algebraic geometry)" web site.Contains also 12 further references. : a short résumé of his life available at the "".
. Available from the Edizione Nazionale Mathematica Italiana.
. The web site of the institute <mask> founded.
.

1879 births
1961 deaths
20th-century Italian mathematicians
20th-century Roman Catholics
Algebraic geometers
Italian algebraic geometers
Complex analysts
Mathematical analysts
Members of the Royal Academy of Italy
Members of the

masks:
Francesco Sever
Francesco Severi
Francesco Severi


title: Gerardo Rodriguez Regordosa

texts:
<mask> (born July 10, 1972 in Puebla, Mexico) is an economist from Universidad de las Americas Puebla (UDLA-P), with a master's degree in Engineering-Economic Systems and Operations Research from Stanford University. <mask> is currently a Portfolio Manager for Emerging Markets at BlackRock. Prior to joining BlackRock he spent more than 14 years at the Mexican Ministry of Finance and Public Credit where he served most recently as Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit from January 2011 to November 2012. Education

He was awarded a bachelor's degree in Economics from Universidad de las Américas-Puebla and a Master´s degree in Engineering-Economic Systems and Operations Research from Stanford University, in the United States. A sports enthusiast, he was granted a sports scholarship from his alma mater between 1991 and 1996 for being a member of the varsity basketball team. Professional career
<mask> joined BlackRock in 2013 as a Managing Director in the Emerging Markets group. He is currently a Portfolio Manager with broad responsibilities including the Total Emerging Markets Fund.<mask> is also regularly engaged in the production of though leadership content on Emerging Markets at BlackRock. Prior to joining BlackRock <mask> spent more than 14 years at the Mexican Ministry of Finance where he held several positions in areas related to public debt policy, risk management and financial system development. In the Ministry of Finance and Public Credit he worked from 2001 to 2004 as Deputy General Director for domestic debt, where he was responsible for the Federal Government financing in the local market as well as the promotion and development of the long term government bond market in local currency. From January 2005 to January 2011 he served, within the same Ministry, as Head of the Public Credit Unit, after being ratified by Congress. During his tenure, he was responsible for the Federal Government’s financing operations in the international and local markets, and of authorizing the financing for public entities. He also was in charge of activities related with the development of infrastructure projects, especially through the National Infrastructure Fund. Since its creation in 2008, the National Infrastructure Fund has supported more than 90 projects; this represents more than 7,800

masks:
Gerardo Rodriguez Regordosa
Gerardo
Gerardo Rodriguez
Gerardo
Gerardo


title: Gerardo Rodriguez Regordosa

texts:
 becoming the first Latin American country to perform a transaction at this maturity date and the second sovereign issuer to do so. 2010 peso-denominated fixed rate bonds were incorporated to the World Government Bond Index (WGBI): this made Mexico the first Latin American country to form part of the index. With this, Mexico joined a select group of 23 countries. Tenure as Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit

On January 19, 2011 <mask> took office as Undersecretary of Finance and Public Credit, position to which he was appointed by President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa and ratified by Congress. His primary roles as Undersecretary of Finance were the development, coordination and implementation of Mexico´s main macroeconomic and financial policies.Among such policies were the following: the federal government´s fiscal, exchange rate, financial and economic policy; the development of optimal strategies for the issuances of public debt; the design and execution of the development banking policies; the monitoring and regulation of the financial system; the proper functioning and evolution of the retirement saving system; the modeling and implementation of the infrastructure investment policy; and Mexico´s relationship with international financial organizations, as well as the country’s participation in international financial forums. He was also member of the board of several government entities, such as the Central Bank; Petróleos Mexicanos, Nacional Financiera, the National Bank of Foreign Trade, the National Bank of Public Works and Services, the National Banking Commission, the National Commission of Insurance, the National Commission of the Retirement Savings System and the Mexican Mint. During his tenure as Undersecretary, the Mexican Government undertook successfully the following actions: the implementation of an oil price hedging mechanism to guarantee public sector revenues, the acquisition of catastrophic risk insurance to protect public infrastructure against natural disasters, and the adoption of the national financial inclusion policy, among others. Moreover, <mask> Rodríguez had a prominent role in the design and approval process in Congress of several structural reforms, such as the new Public-Private Partnership Law for infrastructure projects, the reform to the

masks: Gerardo Gerardo


title: Gerardo Rodriguez Regordosa

texts:
 Antitrust Law in 2011 and the reform to the INFONAVIT Law in 2011. He was responsible of the finance track at the Deputies level during the Mexican Presidency of the G20 in 2012. Under his guidance, the Mexican economic and financial agenda was designed and promoted; emphasis was placed on developing policies to boost job creation and reinvigorate the economy, strengthening the international financial architecture, enhancing financial regulations, fostering financial inclusion and education, and promoting green policies. Among the outcomes of the G20 in 2012 are the commitment to increase the resources available for the IMF for crisis prevention and resolution for 450 billion dollars, and the adoption of Los Cabos Growth and Jobs Action Plan.Articles and Media Appearances

He has written several Op-Ed articles in local and international journals in varied topics such as Emerging Markets, Fed policy and emerging economies, the BRICS, State Development Banks, Mobile Financial Services, Sovereign Wealth Funds, Green Growth and Financial Inclusion. He also coordinated the publication of a recent book on The History of Public Debt Management in Mexico. He was nominated by Expansion Magazine as one of the “30 promises in their 30s”, in its 2011 edition, recognizing him for being an expert manager of macroeconomic and financial variables in Mexico. Furthermore, Quien Magazine distinguished <mask> <mask> as one of the 50 most influential people in Mexico in 2012 for his leadership during Mexico’s G20 presidency. <mask> is also a regular TV commentator in topics like Oil Prices and emerging economies, Emerging Markets opportunities, Prospects for the Mexican economy, Outlook for the Mexican economy, Emerging Market Local Rates and the Debt Restructuring of Argentina. References

External links
 New appointments in the Ministry of Finance
 <mask> Rodríguez in Líderes Mexicanos
 Gerardo Rodríguez in Las 30 promesas en los 30
 Interview to <mask> Rodríguez in El Semanario Magazine: We're prepared to face external shocks
 New appointments confirmed in the Ministry of Finance
 Ministry of Finance
 cetesdirecto
 Interactive Economics Museum(MIDE)
 Fondo Nacional de Infraestructura (FNI)
 Universidad de las Américas de Puebla
 Stanford University

1972 births
Living people
Mexican economists
People

masks: Gerardo Rodriguez Gerardo Gerardo Gerardo


title: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, July 29, 1956) is an Indian-American author, poet, and the Betty and Gene McDavid Professor of Writing at the University of Houston Creative Writing Program. Her short story collection, Arranged Marriage won an American Book Award in 1996, and two of her novels (The Mistress of Spices and Sister of My Heart), as well as a short story The Word Love were adapted into films. Mistress of Spices was short-listed for the Orange Prize. Currently, Sister of My Heart, Oleander Girl, Palace of Illusions, and One Amazing Thing have all been optioned to be made into movies or TV serials. <mask>'s works are largely set in India and the United States, and often focus on the experiences of South Asian immigrants. She writes for children as well as adults, and has published novels in multiple genres, including realistic fiction, historical fiction, magical realism, myth and fantasy. <mask> was born in Kolkata (Calcutta), India.She received her B.A. from the University of Calcutta in 1976. In the same year, she went to the United States to attend Wright State University, where she received a master's degree. She received a PhD in English from the University of California, Berkeley in 1985 (Christopher Marlowe was the subject of her doctoral dissertation). <mask> lives in Houston with her husband, Murthy. She has two sons, Anand and Abhay (whose names she has used in her children's novels). Career
<mask> put herself through graduate school by taking on odd jobs, working as a babysitter, a store clerk, a bread slicer in a bakery, a laboratory assistant at Wright State University, and a dining hall attendant at International House, Berkeley.She was a graduate teaching assistant at U.C. Berkeley. She taught at Foothill College in Los Altos, California and Diablo Valley College. She now lives and teaches in Texas, where she is the McDavid professor of Creative Writing

masks:
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni
Chitralekha Banerjee
Divakaruni
Life Divakaruni
Divakaruni
Divakaruni


title: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

texts:
 at the nationally ranked University of Houston Creative Writing Program. <mask> is the co-founder and former president of Maitri, a helpline founded in 1991 for South Asian women dealing with domestic abuse. <mask> serves on its advisory board and on the advisory board of a similar organisation in Houston, Daya. She has served on the board of Pratham Houston, a non-profit organisation working to bring literacy to disadvantaged Indian children for many years, and is presently on their emeritus board.Works

Fiction and poetry
<mask>'s work has been published in over 50 magazines, including The Atlantic Monthly and The New Yorker, and her writing has been included in over 50 anthologies including the Best American Short Stories, the O. Henry Prize Stories, and the Pushcart Prize anthology. Her fiction has been translated into 29 languages, including Dutch, Hebrew, Indonesian, Bengali, Turkish and Japanese. <mask> began her writing career as a poet. Her two latest volumes of poetry are Black Candle and Leaving Yuba City. She has won several awards for her poems, such as a Gerbode Award, a Barbara Deming Memorial Award and an Allen Ginsberg Award. <mask>'s first collection of stories Arranged Marriage won an American Book Award, a PEN Josephine Miles Award, and a Bay Area Book Reviewers Award.. Her major novels include The Mistress of Spices, Sister of My Heart,  Queen of Dreams, One Amazing Thing, Palace of Illusions,  Oleander Girl and Before We Visit the Goddess.Although most of her novels are written for adults, she has also written a young adult fantasy series called The Brotherhood of the Conch which, unlike many of her adult novels, takes place wholly in India and draws on the culture and folklore of that region. The first book of the series, The Conch Bearer was nominated for the 2003 Bluebonnet Award. It was listed in the Publishers Weekly Best Books of the Year,

masks: Divakaruni Divakaruni Divakaruni Divakaruni Divakaruni


title: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

texts:
 Booklist Editor's Choice, Pacific Northwest Young Reader's Choice Award Master List and the Rebecca Caudill Award Master List. The second book of the series, The Mirror of Fire and Dreaming came out in 2005 and the third and final book of the series, Shadowland, was published in 2009. <mask>'s novel The Palace of Illusions, was a national best-seller for over a year in India and is a re-telling of the Indian epic The Mahabharata from Draupadi's perspective. Film, television, theatre and opera
<mask>'s novel The Mistress of Spices was released as a film of the same name in 2005. It was directed by Paul Mayeda Berges, with a script by Berges and his wife, Gurinder Chadha.The film starred Aishwarya Rai and Dylan McDermott. In addition, her novel Sister of my Heart was made into a television series by Suhasini Maniratnam in Tamil and aired in India, as Anbulla Snegithiye (Loving Friend). In 2018 the producers NR Pachisia und Dipankar Jojo Chaki secured the rights to a film adaption of The Palace of Illusions. Her story Clothes from the collection Arranged Marriage was adapted into play under the title Arranged Marriage by Peggy Shannon in 2004, 2010, and 2016. Furthermore the story was transformed into a dance theater piece and brought on stage by director Roberta Uno of New World Theater at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 2013, <mask> wrote the libretto to a chamber opera for Houston Grand Opera, River of Light, about the life of an Indian woman in Houston. It premiered in 2014 with original compositions by Jack Perla and was shown again in 2015 by the opera company Festival Opera, directed by Tanya Kane-Parry at the Oakland Asian Cultural Center.The Palace of Illusions was adapted into a play named Fire and Ice: Draupadi's Story by Joe DiSabatino and performed in India under his direction. A Bollywood movie with the title Mahabharat, starring Deepika

masks: Divakaruni Divakaruni Divakaruni


title: Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni

texts:
 Padukone as Draupadi, is currently prepared in India based on The Palace of Illusions. The premiere is scheduled for 2021. <mask>'s novel One Amazing Thing has been optioned by the Hollywood production company Gillen Group. Publications

Fiction
 Arranged Marriage: Stories (1995)
 The Mistress of Spices (1997)
 Sister of My Heart (1999)
 The Unknown Errors of our Lives (2001)
 The Vine of Desire (2002)
 Queen of Dreams (2004)
 The Lives of Strangers (2007)
 The Palace of Illusions: A Novel (2008)
 One Amazing Thing (2010)
 Oleander Girl (2013)
  Before We Visit the Goddess (2016)
 The Forest of Enchantments (2019)
  The Last Queen (2021)

Young adult and children's
 Neela: Victory Song (2002)
 Grandma and the Great Gourd (2013) (children's picture book)

Brotherhood of the Conch series
 The Conch Bearer (2003)
 The Mirror of Fire and Dreaming (2005)
 Shadowland (2009)

Poetry
 mr. aryan yadav, 1987. The Reason for Nasturtiums, Berkeley (Berkeley Poets Workshop) 1990. Black Candle.Poems About Women from India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, Corvallis (Calyx Books) 1991. Leaving Yuba City, St. Louis (Turtleback Books) 1997. Anthologies
 Multitude: Cross Cultural Readings for Writers (1993)
 We Too Sing America (1997)
 California Uncovered: Stories for the 21st Century (2004)

See also

 List of Indian Americans
 Indian English literature
 List of Asian American writers

References

Further reading
 Abcarian, Richard and Marvin Klotz. "<mask> <mask> Divakaruni." In Literature: The Human Experience, 9th edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2006: 1544.Aldana, Frederick Luis. "<mask> <mask> Divakaruni: The Unknown Errors of Our Lives." World Literature Today. University of Oklahoma. 1 January 2002. Softsky, Elizabeth. "Cross Cultural Understanding Spiced with the Indian Diaspora."Black Issues in Higher Education 14 (15):26. 18 September 1997. X.J. Kennedy et al. The

masks: Divakaruni Chitra Banerjee Chitra Banerjee


title: Mandali Buddha Prasad

texts:
<mask> (born 26 May 1956)  is an Indian politician and former Deputy Speaker of Andhra Pradesh, India. He is a staunch follower of Gandhian principles and a leader with Service motto and national outlook. Especially, he is known for his love and affection for Telugu language and Culture and for his unstinted efforts for their development and also for the welfare of Telugu people living all over the world. Birth and Education
He is born to <mask>, Prabhavathi Devi on 26 May 1956 at Nagayalanka, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh. His father <mask> was a staunch follower of Gandhian Philosophy and a social worker. <mask> attained all the great qualities of his father and is moving in his foot steps. After completing his primary and high school education at Avanigadda, Krishna District, <mask> graduated from Osmania University, Hyderabad.As an M.L.A
He was elected as a Member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly from Avanigadda Constituency of Krishna District for three terms during 1999, 2004 and 2014 and could get sanctions of 700.00 crores for the development works in the constituency as on date. As a Cabinet Minister
He dealt the portfolio of Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development and Fisheries during 2007-2009. As a cabinet minister he has formulated many innovative schemes like 'Pashukranthi' to benefit poor people and small farmers with hybrid animals on subsidy rates and "Matsya Kranti" by which fisheries women are benefitted. He established an Advanced Research Centre of Animal Husbandry with International standards at Pulivendula, Kadapa District and three super specialty Veterinary Hospitals each one at Hyderabad, Vijayawada and Pulivendula. A Fisheries Polytechnic College is established at Bhavadevarapally, Krishna District. Development of Krishna District
Sri Mandali <mask> is in the forefront for the development of Krishna District, which is his native district. He was instrumental for modernization of Krishna Delta, construction of

masks:
Mandali Buddha Prasad
Sri Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao
Sri Mandali Venkata Krishna Rao
Sri Mandali Buddha Prasad
Sri Buddha Prasad
Buddha Prasad


title: Mandali Buddha Prasad

texts:
 Puligadda–Penumudi bridge and Puligadda–Vijayawada river bund road.He played an important role for the establishment of Krishna University at Machilipatnam. As the convener of Krishna Delta Protection Committee, he led many movements for water supply to Krishna Delta for Irrigation purpose. For this cause, he underwent a seven day hunger strike in September, 2004. He played a prominent role for sanction of Pulichintala - Polavaram Project. Social service
In the 1977 Andhra Pradesh cyclone, nearly 10,000 people lost their lives. There were no traces of certain villages. He not only served the victims day and night but also worked as a secretary of The Deena Jana Samkshema Samithi and sheltered 120 orphan children and gave them food and education.During the tsunami that hit the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in 2005, rescue centres were established for the protection of coastal area with the co-operation of voluntary organizations. Whenever some natural calamity occurs, he used to stay with the victims and inculcated in them the confidence and took up the relief and rehabilitation programs. Gandhian
His father <mask> Venkata Krishna Rao established Gandhi Kshetram at Avanigadda during the year 1969 on the occasion of Gandhi Centenary Celebrations. Thus, he injected Gandhian principles from his childhood itself and he is striving hard to propagate them all along. He ran a monthly magazine "Gandhi Kshetram" for twelve years to propagate the Gandhian Principles. To inculcate the Gandhian Principles in the youth, he conducted several workshops. Smt.Nirmala Gandhi, Daughter-in-law of Mahatma Gandhi, Sri. Kanu Gandhi, Grandson of Mahatma Gandhi and followers of Mahatma Gandhi like Prabhakarji, Prof. N.G.Ranga and Sri Vavilala Gopala Krishnaiah participated in these workshops and commended his work. He also worked as a Secretary of Gandhian Institute of Social Services. He visited "Ponar Ashram", met Acharya Vinobha Bhave and got his blessings.


title: Song Jing

texts:
<mask> (宋璟) (663 – November 21, 737), formally Duke Wenzhen of Guangping (廣平文貞公), was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as the chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Ruizong and Emperor Xuanzong. He was praised by historians for his insistence on being morally upright, and for being a just administrator of the law during his time as Xuanzong's senior chancellor. Background
<mask> was born in 663, during the reign of Emperor Gaozong. His clan was originally from Guangping (廣平, in modern Handan, Hebei), but by the time of <mask>'s birth, his family had relocated to Xing Prefecture (邢州, roughly modern Xingtai, Hebei). The clan traced its ancestor to the Northern Wei official <mask> (), although <mask>'s grandfather <mask>ben () and father <mask>fu () served only as local officials. <mask> was said to be upright in his character from youth. He was also said to be learned and capable in writing, and passed the imperial examinations when he was young.During Wu Zetian's reign
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong's wife Wu Zetian, <mask> became Fengge Sheren (鳳閣舍人, Fengge Sheren), a mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (鳳閣, Fengge). It was said that he acting properly while in office and was respected by Wu Zetian. In 703, when Wu Zetian's lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong tried to falsely accuse the chancellor Wei Yuanzhong by persuading <mask>'s colleague Zhang Shuo to provide corroboration

masks:
Song Jing
Song Jing
Song Jing
Song Bian
Song Jing
Song Wu
Song Xuan
Song Jing
Song Jing
Song


title: Song Jing

texts: of their accusation that Wei wanted to pledge loyalty to Wu Zetian's son and crown prince Li Xian instead of Wu Zetian herself, it was <mask>, along with Zhang Tinggui () and Liu Zhiji who persuaded Zhang Shuo that historical reputation was more important than political expediency, which led Zhang Shuo to change his testimony and instead corroborate Wei's innocence. As a result, Wei (and Zhang Shuo) were exiled, but escaped death. Meanwhile, <mask> himself refused to yield to Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong, despite their honored status. At one feast, Zhang Yizhi tried to placate <mask> by offering the most honored position on the table to <mask>, which <mask> declined—and subsequently, publicly showed disapproval when another official, Zheng Gao (), used an endearing epithet toward Zhang Yizhi. It was said that Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong later tried to attack <mask> before Wu Zetian, but Wu Zetian favored <mask> and therefore took no action.<mask> soon became Yushi Zhongcheng (), one of the deputy chief imperial censors. In 704, when Zhang Changzong was accused of having had inappropriate discussions with the fortuneteller Li Hongtai (), who had told him that he had the appearance of an emperor, <mask> pressed on with the investigation even though Wu Zetian and the chancellor Yang Zaisi signaled to him that he should stop the investigation. He even had Wu Zetian approve an interrogation of Zhang Changzong, although as the interrogation had just

masks: Song Song Song Song Song Song Song Song Song


title: Song Jing

texts:
 commenced, Wu Zetian issued an edict pardoning Zhang Changzong. <mask> sighed, "I should have first cracked that villain's skull." When Wu Zetian subsequently had Zhang Changzong try to meet <mask> to thank him for the release, <mask> refused to meet Zhang Changzong. During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
In 705, Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup, and Li Xian, formerly emperor, was restored to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong). <mask> became the deputy minister of civil service affairs (), and as Emperor Zhongzong favored <mask> for his morals, he also gave <mask> the title of imperial consultant (諫議大夫, Jianyi Daifu).Soon thereafter, he was made Huangmen Shilang (), the deputy head of the examination bureau of government (門下省, Menxia Sheng). At that time, Wu Zetian's nephew and Emperor Zhongzong's cousin Wu Sansi the Prince of Dejing, who was also the lover of Emperor Zhongzong's powerful wife Empress Wei, was very powerful. On one occasion, Wu Sansi made a request to <mask> and <mask> sternly rejected, stating:

In summer 706, when the hermit Wei Yuejiang () submitted an accusation of the adulterous relationship between Wu Sansi and Empress Wei, Emperor Zhongzong was incensed and was set to execute Wei Yuejiang. <mask> refused, stating that executing Wei Yuejiang would merely bring more rumors and that if Emperor Zhongzong were to execute Wei Yuejiang, he needed to execute <mask> first. Meanwhile, other officials, including Su Xiang (), Xu Jian (),

masks:
Song
Song
Song
Song Jing
Song
Song
Song
Song
Song
Song


title: Song Jing

texts:
 and Yin Sizhen (), pointed out that it was inappropriate to execute anyone during the summer. Emperor Zhongzong thus spared Wei Yuejiang and exiled him to the Lingnan region. (However, Wei Yuejiang ultimately was unable to escape death, as Empress Wei's associate Zhou Rengui (), then the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern Guangzhou, Guangdong), executed Wei Yuejiang as soon as fall came.)Soon thereafter, Wu Sansi had <mask> sent out of the capital to serve as acting prefect of Bei Prefecture (貝州, in modern Xingtai). Once <mask> got to Bei Prefecture, he further offended Wu Sansi—as he refused to have tax payments due Wu Sansi as his fief paid to Wu Sansi, citing that the region had just suffered a flood. He was moved to be the prefect of the more distant Hang Prefecture (杭州, roughly modern Hangzhou, Zhejiang), and later served as the prefect of Xiang Prefecture (相州, in modern Handan). It was said that he was clean but strict as a prefect, and his subordinates did not dare to be corrupt. During Emperor Shang's reign and Emperor Ruizong's second reign
Emperor Zhongzong died suddenly in 710—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning carried out by Empress Wei and her daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle, so that Empress Wei could become "emperor" like Wu Zetian and Li Guo'er could be crown princess. Meanwhile, though, Emperor Zhongzong's son by a concubine, Li Chongmao the Prince of Wen, was named emperor (as Emperor

masks: Song Song


title: Song Jing

texts: Shang), but Empress Wei retained power as empress dowager and regent. <mask> was made the secretary general of Luo Prefecture (), which contained the eastern capital Luoyang.Less than a month later, Empress Dowager Wei and Li Guo'er were killed in a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping and nephew Li Longji the Prince of Linzi. Li Longji's father Li Dan the Prince of Dan, himself a former emperor, returned to the throne (as Emperor Ruizong). Emperor Ruizong made <mask> the minister of civil service affairs () and gave him the designation Tong Zhongshu Menxia Sanpin (), making him a chancellor de facto. After Li Longji was created crown prince, <mask> was also made a member of his staff. During Emperor Zhongzong's reign, the civil service affairs system was subject to great abuses by powerful individuals at court, particularly while the chancellors Cui Shi and Zheng Yin were in charge — as they were allowing bribes and pleas by powerful individuals to influence them, going as far as naming reserve officials two years in advance. <mask> and his deputies Li Ai () and Lu Chongyuan () reformed the system and put the civil service system back in order, at the same time that <mask>'s fellow chancellor Yao Yuanzhi, who was then also minister of defense, put the military promotion system back in order as well. It was said that popular sentiment at the time viewed this as the return to the clean government of the days of Emperor Gaozong's father

masks:
Song Jing
Song
Song
Song
Song


title: Song Jing

texts:
 Emperor Taizong.<mask>'s reforms included removing all of the several thousands of officials that Emperor Zhongzong commissioned directly without submitting the commissions to the examination bureau for review. Meanwhile, Princess Taiping and Li Longji were beginning to have discord, as both tried to influence Emperor Ruizong's administration. Princess Taiping, finding Li Longji difficult to control, began considering trying to replace him as crown prince with one of two nephews with arguable better claims than Li Longji—Li Longji's older brother Li Chengqi the Prince of Song and his cousin Li Shouli the Prince of Bin, the son of Emperor Zhongzong's older brother Li Xián (note different tone), who had been crown prince at one point during Emperor Gaozong's reign. When she hinted that Li Longi should be replaced at a meeting she had with the chancellors, the other chancellors all did not dare to speak, but <mask> directly responded:

In spring 711, <mask> and Yao suggested to Emperor Ruizong that the way to stop the rumors about Li Longji's being replaced would be to send Princess Taiping and her husband Wu Youji to live in Luoyang, while sending Li Chengqi and Li Shouli out of the capital Chang'an to be prefectural prefects. Emperor Ruizong initially agreed (with the exception that he believed that Luoyang was too far, and therefore was ready to send Princess Taiping to Wu Youji to Pu Prefecture (蒲州, roughly modern Yuncheng, Shanxi) instead), but after

masks: Song Song Song


title: Song Jing

texts:
 Princess Taiping found out and objected vehemently, Li Longji, fearful of consequences, disavowed and denounced <mask> and Yao. Emperor Ruizong removed both from their chancellor positions and demoted them to be prefectural prefects—in <mask>'s case, to be the prefect of Chu Prefecture (楚州, roughly modern Huai'an, Jiangsu). He later served successively as the prefect of Yan Prefecture (兗州, roughly modern Jining, Shandong), Ji Prefecture (冀州, roughly modern Hengshui, Hebei), and Wei Prefecture (魏州, in modern Handan); the examiner of Hebei Circuit (河北, roughly modern Hebei, Beijing, and Tianjin); the commandant at You Prefecture (幽州, roughly modern Beijing); and principal of the imperial university (國子祭酒, Guozi Jijiu), being in charge of Luoyang.He was then recalled to Chang'an to serve as the secretary general of the capital prefecture Yong Prefecture (雍州, roughly modern Xi'an, Shaanxi). During Emperor Xuanzong's reign
In 712, Emperor Ruizong passed the throne to Li Longji, who took the throne as Emperor Xuanzong. In 713, after Emperor Xuanzong converted Yong and Luo Prefectures to special municipalities, <mask> was made the mayor of Jingzhao Municipality (京兆府, i.e., the old Yong Prefecture). As of 715, he was serving as chief imperial censor (御史大夫, Yushi Daifu), when, on one occasion, he was accused of not ordering for greater force to be applied when a criminal was being caned, and he was demoted to be the prefect of Mu Prefecture (睦州, in modern


title: Song Jing

texts: Hangzhou). He was later made the commandant at Guang Prefecture (廣州, roughly modern Guangzhou, Guangdong). It was said that at that time, the people of Guang Prefecture used bamboo to build houses, and therefore the houses were prone to fires. <mask> promoted the use of bricks, which greatly reduced the damage of fires, and the people of the region were grateful for this.As of 716, Yao Yuanzhi—who had changed his name to Yao Chong by that point—and Lu Huaishen were serving as chancellors. Lu died in late 716, and before he did, submitted a petition arguing that <mask> and several other officials, Li Jie (), Li Chaoyin (), and Lu Chongyuan had been demoted only of minor offenses and, as they were talented, should be repromoted. Meanwhile, Yao was drawing displeasure from Emperor Xuanzong due to accusations that his sons and associate Zhao Hui () were corrupt. Yao, in fear, offered to resign and recommended <mask> to succeed him. Emperor Xuanzong, who was then preparing to go to Luoyang, thus recalled <mask> to serve as the minister of justice (刑部尚書, Xingbu Shangshu) and be in charge of Chang'an. He sent one of his close eunuch associates, Yang Sixu (), to Guang Prefecture to escort <mask> back to the capital. Yang had many past achievements—including putting down a coup during Emperor Zhongzong's reign led by Emperor Zhongzong's crown prince Li Chongjun—and was honored by the emperor, but on the trip back to Chang'an, <mask>, who did not like to

masks: Song Song Song Song Song Song


title: Song Jing

texts:
 ingratiate the emperor's associates, did not say anything to him.When Yang informed Emperor Xuanzong of this, Emperor Xuanzong was even more impressed with <mask>. Around the new year 717, he removed Yao and fellow chancellor Yuan Qianyao from their chancellor posts and replaced them with <mask> and Su Ting—naming <mask>men Jian (黃門監, the head of the examination bureau, which by that point had been renamed Huangmen Sheng ()) and acting minister of civil service affairs. Emperor Xuanzong also created <mask> the Duke of Guangping. <mask> and Su worked well together, with <mask> taking the leading role and Su the assisting role. With Yao having distinguished himself as one who modified the regulations to fit the situation and <mask> known for following the laws strictly and fairly, it was said that while their styles were different, they were both considered great chancellors of Emperor Xuanzong's reign. <mask> was also known for often making suggestions to correct Emperor Xuanzong's and governmental officials' behavior, thus causing Emperor Xuanzong to respect him more. These actions included:

 In spring 717, when Emperor Xuanzong was heading to Luoyang, he saw that the roads were not in good condition and initially was angry, wanting to arrest the mayor of Henan Municipality (i.e., Luoyang) and the official in charge of the itinerary.<mask> pointed out that this would have the undesirable effect of causing the officials to put many citizens to labor to

masks:
Song
Song
Song Huang
Song
Song
Song
Song
Song
Song


title: Song Jing

texts: repair the roads. Emperor Xuanzong was set to release the two, but <mask> then pointed out that if he did so immediate, the officials would be grateful to <mask>, not to him, and therefore suggested that he should order the two to report to the place of investigation and then release them there. In fall 717, under <mask>'s suggestion, Emperor Xuanzong restored the customs during Emperor Taizong's times that officials were not to meet the emperor privately without imperial chroniclers and advisors present, to promote openness. In winter 717, when Emperor Xuanzong requested that <mask> and Su submit a number of formal names and titles for his sons and daughters—but separately requested a set of particularly honorable names, presumably for a favorite son—<mask> and Su pointed out that this would be viewed as favoritism, and therefore submitted a group of names without any designation as to what were particularly honorable names. When <mask> found out that the officials of Guang Prefecture had established a monument for him, he informed that Emperor Xuanzong that he believed that the act was mere flattery, trying to ingratiate him as a chancellor. He suggested that not only the monument be abolished, but that such actions be prohibited in the future, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. When Emperor Xuanzong's father-in-law Wang Renjiao () died, Wang Renjiao's son Wang Shouyi () requested that a tomb be built for Wang Renjiao that would be as large as Emperor


title: Song Jing

texts: Xuanzong's maternal grandfather Dou Xiaochen (), and Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed.<mask> and Su pointed out that Dou's tomb was already considered overly wasteful and should not be followed. Emperor Xuanzong agreed, and reduced the scale of Wang Renjiao's tomb. When Emperor Xuanzong wanted to give an extraordinary promotion to Wang Renchen () -- a former staff member of his who also appeared to be Wang Renjiao's cousin—<mask> pointed out that this was unfair favoritism, and that Wang Renchen might deserve an award but not an extraordinary promotion. When <mask> (), a reserve official who was also a cousin of <mask>'s father <mask>, tried to use the connection to gain influence on the civil service officials, <mask> found out and removed <mask>o from the roll of reserve officials. When Li Chengqi, whose name had been changed to Li Xiàn at this point and who was greatly honored by Emperor Xuanzong as an older brother, recommended a relative named Xue Sixian () as an official, <mask> pointed out that this would be unfair favoritism as well, and recommended that Xue's service be reexamined. It had been customary that the liaison officers that the regional governments sent to Chang'an carried large sums of money and treasure to Chang'an—and they were then often kept at Chang'an as officials, creating the perception that they had bribed powerful individuals. <mask> changed the regulations such that such liaison officers were required to return to the

masks:
Song
Song
Song Yuanchao
Song Jing
Song Xuanfu
Song Jing
Song Yuancha
Song
Song


title: Song Jing

texts:
 regional governments.By 720, however, <mask>'s strictness would eventually bring his removal. <mask> had ordered that individuals who had repeatedly appealed their cases without cause be detained by the imperial censors, until they were willing to drop their appeals. This drew much anger from people. At that time, there happened to be a drought, which, according to popular beliefs at the time, would be accompanied by the appearance of a spirit known as the Hanba (). One day, while Emperor Xuanzong was watching a play, an actor dressed as the Hanba, and stated:

Meanwhile, further, <mask> and Su were strictly prohibiting the use of damaged coins, which they had tried to replace with newly minted coins. However, the damaged coins were still in circulation despite the prohibition, particularly in the region between the Yangtze River and the Huai River. <mask> sent the imperial censor Xiao Yinzhi () to the region to be in charge of collecting the damaged coins and taking them out of circulation.Xiao was strict in his behavior, drawing much resentment. Emperor Xuanzong, when he heard this, demoted Xiao, and in spring 720 removed <mask> and Su from their chancellor posts, giving <mask> the honorific title of Kaifu Yitong Sansi () instead. He replaced <mask> and Su with Yuan and Zhang Jiazhen. In 722, while Emperor Xuanzong was at Luoyang, there was a coup attempt at Chang'an by the army officer Quan Chubi (), who had his nephew Quan Liangshan () claim to be

masks: Song Song Song Song Song Song Song


title: Song Jing

texts: the son of Emperor Shang and therefore deserving of the throne. The coup attempt was put down quickly, and Quan Chubi was killed. Emperor Xuanzong sent the mayor of Hunan Municipality, Wang Yi (), to Chang'an to investigate. Wang detained a large number of people but could not quickly come to resolutions as to who were responsible.Emperor Xuanzong made <mask> in charge of Chang'an and had him investigate. <mask> quickly determined who were the leaders and had them executed, and at his request, Emperor Xuanzong pardoned the rest of the detainees. In 724, when Emperor Xuanzong was set to visit Luoyang again, he again made <mask> in charge of Chang'an and made him minister of civil service affairs; he also awarded <mask> with silk. Around 725, when Emperor Xuanzong's trusted general Wang Maozhong () was set to have his daughter married, he invited the key government officials to the wedding banquet—but <mask> declined; Wang, who wanted the honor of <mask>'s attendance, had Emperor Xuanzong order <mask> to attend, which <mask> did, but as soon as he had the chance to toast the emperor, he then claimed illness and left the banquet. In 729, <mask> was made You Chengxiang (), one of the heads of the executive bureau of government (尚書省, Shangshu Sheng). The day that <mask> was to take office, Yuan and Zhang Shuo were to take new offices as well, Emperor Xuanzong set up a grand ceremony for their inauguration, including an elaborate tent, music, and food from

masks: Song Song Song Song Song Song Song Song Song Song


title: Song Jing

texts:
 the imperial kitchen. Emperor Xuanzong personally wrote a poem commemorating the contributions of the three.In 730, when the chancellor Pei Guangting took the office of minister of civil service affairs as well, Pei instituted a system of promotion based on seniority. <mask> argued fervently against it, believing that this would cause capable people to be stuck in low positions, but Emperor Xuanzong did not agree. In 733, <mask> retired and took residence in Luoyang, and Emperor Xuanzong ordered that full salaries be paid to <mask> notwithstanding his retirement. In 734, when Emperor Xuanzong visited Luoyang, <mask> came out of his mansion to greet the emperor, and Emperor Xuanzong had his son Li Huang () the Prince of Rong personally comfort <mask>, and thereafter frequently sent medicines and delicacies to <mask>. <mask> died in 737 and was given posthumous honors. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 96.New Book of Tang, vol. 124. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214. 663 births
737 deaths
Chancellors under Emperor Ruizong of Tang
Chancellors under Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
Mayors of


title: Petra Štefanková

texts: <mask>á is a Slovak illustrator, digital artist, designer and art director. She has worked in the animation, advertising and publishing industry. She studied graphic design at Jozef Vydra's School of Applied Art in Bratislava in 1993-1997, visual communication at the Academy of Fine Arts and Design in Bratislava in 1997-2003 a film and TV graphics at the Academy of Arts, Architecture and Design in Prague in 2002. Additionally, she took a short course at Central Saint Martin's, University of the Arts London in 2016. In December 2007 she won Channel 4's 4Talent Award for young creatives from all creative industries in the United Kingdom and presented her work at GRAPHITE 2007, the digital art exhibition and conference organised by the North American and Australian chapter of the ACM SIGGRAPH at the University of Western Australia in Perth. Her work was exposed widely on shows all around the world with her solo shows taking place in Bratislava, Nitra, Malacky, Berlin, Prague and Washington DC. Australian curator Andrew Chew selected her work for GAS Project exhibition 2007 along with a special guest Doze Green from NYC, one of the Top Ten Visual Artists in the world according to Stylus magazine rating.Her work has been presented by the Museum of computer art based in NYC and the Heritage Museum in Hong Kong. In July 2007 she was selected for exhibition at Images 31: The Best Of British Illustration in London College of Communication (which repeated again in 2009) and published in 200 Best Illustrators Worldwide 2007/08 by Luerzer, Expose 6 - The Finest Digital Art in the Known Universe by Ballistic Publishing in 2008. From a thousand entrants, she was also selected to exhibit within the digital art on environment issues


title: Petra Štefanková

texts: Colectiva (2009, Costa Rica), A DGPH Project: The Ark, IdN / Systems Design, (2009, Hong Kong), 3x3 Directory (2017, 2018, USA); Drawn Vol.1 The Best Illustrators Worldwide (2017, Australia), Bezier Vol.1 The Best Vector Artists Worldwide (2017, Australia), Channel 4's 4Talent magazine 8 and 9 and many more. <mask>á is an author, designer and illustrator of children's books 'Moje malé more', self-published in 2016 and 'Čmáranica a Machuľa', published by Slovart in 2018.She has illustrated a children's book of Mária Štefánková 'My už vieme všeličo' published by Slovart in 2017. As an illustrator and author of the concept, she collaborated with her mother, a poet Aurélia Štefanková, on a book 'Neberte mi sny / Don't take my dreams from me' in 2020. <mask> is a supporter of many charity projects such as Parky Life by the agency Havas Lynx in the UK (2019), Memories in aid of Maggie´s Centres by Garrick Webster (DAHRA, 2011), project Dotyky umenia of the top model Ivana Christová (Orin Panacea, 2013). She supported talented individuals from Slovakia in various projects – in media in London and by establishing an illustration agency representing Slovak and Czech illustrators abroad. She was a guest of many events, receptions and private views at the Slovak and British embassies, The Buckingham Palace Gallery, TATE Britain, the RSA House in London, Slovak Olympic House, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in London etc. She regularly communicates with representatives of the international cultural and the art scene, diplomats, entrepreneurs as well as members of the nobility. <mask>á starred in a number of television documentaries and reportages.Portrét umelca - <mask>á was filmed for television TV 213 and directed by

masks:
Petra Štefankov
Petra
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefankov


title: Petra Štefanková

texts:
 Anton Faraonov in 2016. In 2010 she was part of a documentary series about Slovaks abroad (Slováci vo svete) directed by Branislav Mišík and the reportage was filmed at the premises of the RSA in London. Two other reportages were filmed for television RTVS as part of programmes Slovensko v obrazoch (2020) and Správy RTVS (2021). <mask>á was presented live on a television programme Dámsky klub in an interview with the host Iveta Malachovská on RTVS in 2021. On February 25, 2022 Vanity Fair magazine in the United Kingdom has published <mask>á's painting in the A-list Artists section as part of their annual Hollywood issue. External links
Artfacts.net profile
Books on Goodreads.com
Toast by the President of the Slovak Republic Ivan Gašparovič
Article about <mask>ková's work on the blog of the RSA
Article about a workshop with <mask>á on the blog of the RSA
Let's be brief interview
Graphite 2007 proceedings
Illustration for the cover of the Guardian
Illustration for Dialogue review magazine
Works on the web of Museum of computer art in NYC
Article about solo show at Mala Scena Theatre (Slovak language)
Article about a solo show in Berlin at Lite-Haus
Television documentary online (Slovak language)
Laureates of the Minister of Culture of the Slovak Republic Award 2019 (Slovak language)
IMDB Filmography

References
FLEISHMAN, Michael. The Visual Artist at Work.USA: Cengage Learning, Inc, 2008. 384 pages. .
WITHROW, Steven; HARRIS, Jack. Vector Graphics and Illustration: A Master Class in Digital Image-making. UK: Rotovision, 2008. 176 pages. .

Slovak artists
Living people
1978 births
Digital artists
Women digital artists
Art directors
Slovak illustrators
Slovak women artists
21st-century women artists
Women graphic

masks:
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefankov
Petra Štefan
Petra Štefankov


title: Bernie Krause

texts:
Bernard L<mask> (born December 8, 1938) is an American musician and soundscape ecologist. In 1968, he founded Wild Sanctuary, an organization dedicated to the recording and archiving of natural soundscapes. Krause is an author, a bio-acoustician, a speaker, and natural sound artist who coined the terms geophony, biophony, and anthropophony. Biography
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan. From 1957, he worked as a recording engineer and producer in Ann Arbor while an undergraduate student. Krause joined The Weavers in 1963, occupying the tenor position originated by co-founder Pete Seeger until they disbanded in early 1964. Electronic music
Krause moved to the San Francisco Bay Area to study electronic music at Mills College.During this period Krause met Paul Beaver and together they formed Beaver & Krause. They also served as the Moog company's sales representatives on the U.S. West Coast. As such, they were able to exploit the growing fascination in the new synthesizer sounds among rock and pop musicians, an interest that was partly influenced by these artists' consumption of hallucinogenic drugs, and the increasingly generous advances they received from their record companies. In June 1967, Beaver & Krause set up a stall at the Monterey Pop Festival, where they introduced the Moog III to the musicians and attendees at the festival. The team played Moog synthesizer on the Monkees' song "Star Collector" (1967), one of the first pop group recordings to feature synthesizer. In 1967 they released The Nonesuch Guide to Electronic Music. It was the first West Coast recording to utilize Dolby A301 (without meters) noise reduction as an inherent part of their production.Beaver

masks:
. Krause
Krause


title: Bernie Krause

texts: professor. Krause's 1988 CD album, Gorillas in the Mix (Rykodisc), is composed entirely from sampled animal sounds, played from sampling keyboards. Working in the field of soundscape ecology, a sub-category of ecoacoustics, Krause introduced a number of terms and concepts into the discipline to further define the sources of sound within the soundscape. They include geophony, the first sounds heard on earth consisting of non-biological natural sounds such as the effect of wind in trees or grasses, waves at the ocean or lakeshore, or movement of the earth. The second acoustic source is called biophony, the collective signature produced at one time by all sound-producing organisms in a given habitat. The third, and last of these elements is referred to as anthropophony, or human-generated acoustic signatures. In the final category, some sources represent controlled sound, such as music, theatre, or language.While a large percentage consists of incoherent or chaotic sound, referred to as noise. The first and last terms were implemented along with his late colleague, Stuart Gage, Professor Emeritus, Michigan State University. <mask> was invited to present a TED Global talk at the 2013 Edinburgh conference and the keynote talk at the first conference of the International Society of Ecoacoustics (ISE), a worldwide organization, meeting in Paris in June, 2014. In July 2014, the Cheltenham Music Festival premiered "The Great Animal Orchestra: Symphony for Orchestra and Wild Soundscapes," a collaboration with friend and colleague, Richard Blackford, former Balliol College Oxford Composer-in-Residence. Performed by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales and conducted by Martyn


title: Bernie Krause

texts:
 Brabbins, the theme is based on Krause's 2012 book of the same title. The work integrates natural soundscapes into the orchestral textures of a major symphonic piece. The symphony was recorded and released on CD by Nimbus Records in September 2014.On April 3, 2015, Krause and Blackford premiered the score for their first ballet, "Biophony", performed by Alonzo King LINES Ballet at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco. His most recent two books, published by Yale University Press, are titled Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes, and "Wild Soundscapes: Discovering the Voice of the Natural World". In September, 2021, "The Power of Tranquility in a Very Noisy World,"

On July 1, 2016, the Fondation Cartier pour l'art contemporain in Paris opened the first major natural soundscape exhibit in a contemporary art museum. Based on his book, "The Great Animal Orchestra," the sound sculpture serves as an early retrospective of <mask>'s work and includes many examples of his collection along with supporting graphic and visual media. The visual elements were generated by the London-based organization, United Visual Artists (UVA). The exhibit ran until 7 January 2017 and opened as part of a larger Fondation Cartier collection at the Seoul (S. Korea) Museum of Art in May, 2017.The Great Animal Orchestra art piece has subsequently been shown at Shanghai's Power Station of Art, 2018, and at the 180 The Strand Gallery, London in 2019. It currently runs at the Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, Massachusetts.In May, 2022, the work opens at the 23rd Biennale in Sydney, Australia. Personal life

Krause and his wife, Katherine,


title: Bernie Krause

texts:
 live in Sonoma, California. The Krauses' home, with his archives, equipment, and all of their personal possessions were destroyed in a wildfire on 11 October 2017. His audio recordings, though, were backed up off-site. Audio Eng. Soc., Vol. 56, No.1/2, 2008 January/February
 The Great Animal Orchestra: Finding the Origins of Music in the World's Wild Places, Little Brown, published March 2012 (). "Voices of the Wild: Animal Songs, Human Din, and the Call to Save Natural Soundscapes," (Yale University Press, 2015, )
 "Soundscape Ecology: The Science of Sound in the Landscape," Bryan C. Pijanowski, Luis J. Villanueva-Rivera, Sarah L. Dumyahn, Almo Farina, <mask><mask>, Brian M. Napoletano, Stuart H. Gage, and Nadia Pieretti, www.biosciencemag.org March 2011 / Vol. 61 No. 3 BioScience, 203-216, (ISSN 0006-3568 print, ISSN 1525-3244 online)
 <mask>, <mask>, Gage, Stuart H., Joo Wooyeong, "Measuring and interpreting the temporal variability in the soundscape at four places in Sequoia National Park," Landscape Ecology, ISSN 0921-2973, Landscape Ecol, DOI 10.1007/s10980-011-9639-6
 <mask>, <mask>, "Bioacoustics: Habitat ambience and ecological balance," (Whole Earth Review, No. 57, Winter, 1987, )

References

External links
 <mask>use biography at Wild Sanctuary

 "The voice of the natural world" (TEDGlobal 2013)
<mask>use Interview for NAMM Oral History Program (2010)
 Krause sound art exhibition, Paris, (2016)

American electronic musicians
American non-fiction environmental writers
Folk musicians from Michigan
Soundscape ecology
The Weavers members
Union Institute & University alumni
University of Michigan alumni
1938 births
Living people
Singers from Detroit
American

masks:
Bernie L
. Krause
Krause
Bernie
Krause
Bernie
Bernie Kra
Bernie Kra


title: Julio C. Teehankee

texts:
<mask>  is a Filipino political scientist. He is Full Professor of Political Science and International Studies at De La Salle University (DLSU) where he served as Chair of the Political Science Department (1994–2007); Chair of the International Studies Department (2008–2013); and Dean of the College of Liberal Arts (2013–2017). He continuously aims to bridge theory and practice in academic and other professional endeavors. Aside from teaching and research, he has served as political and policy consultant to government officials, electoral candidates, political parties, national and international organizations. Teehankee specializes in the comparative analysis and development of East and Southeast Asia, with particular focus on elections, party politics, democratization and governance. He has published papers on elections, party politics, and political dynasties in the Philippines, Japan and Southeast Asia. He has been cited as one of only four political scientists in the 2015 Webometrics' List of 150 Top Scientists in the Philippines based on Google Scholar citations.His research works have been indexed in Scopus and Web of Science-Social Sciences Citation Index. He was co-editor of Building Inclusive Democracies in ASEAN, a recipient of the 2016 National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) Outstanding Book Award. Teehankee has been quoted by The New York Times, The Washington Post, and The Economist. His political commentaries have been published by the East Asia Forum, New Mandala, and Asia Dialogue. He has appeared regularly on media as a political analyst. Education
<mask>e

masks:
Julio Cabral Teehankee
Julio Teehanke


title: Julio C. Teehankee

texts:
 finished his elementary education at the Ateneo de Manila University from 1972 to 1980. He attended high school at La Salle Greenhills from 1980 to 1984.He obtained both his doctorate degree in Development Studies (with distinction in 2001) and his bachelor's degree major in Political Science (1988) from De La Salle University. He earned his master's degree in Political Science (1994) from the University of the Philippines Diliman. From 2007 to 2008, he completed his postdoctoral studies at the Graduate Schools of Law and Politics at the University of Tokyo under a Japan Foundation fellowship. Personal background
His paternal grandfather José Tee Han Kee, immigrated to the Philippines in 1901 from Amoy (now Xiamen), China. He was a close associate and friend of Sun Yat-Sen, and was active in the struggle to liberate China from the Qing (Manchu) dynasty. He was the first medical director of the Chinese General Hospital in Manila. Dr. Tee Han Kee established the Chinese General Hospital School of Nursing  in 1921 and the Filipino-Chinese Medical Society in 1933.He also founded Farmacia Central - the largest prewar drugstore in Manila and precursor of Mercury Drugstore. <mask>'s uncle, <mask>, was the 16th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. <mask>'s maternal grandfather, Pedro G<mask> founded the Laboratorio de P. Cabral in 1923. His aunt Myrna O<mask> became the Mother Superior of the Holy Spirit Adoration Order (also known as the Pink Sisters) in the Philippines. Myrna took the name Sister Mary Hermenegildes, and later became the order's Mother Prioress and served as

masks:
Julio
Claudio Teehankee
Julio
. Cabral
. Cabral


title: Julio C. Teehankee

texts:
 spiritual adviser to former president <mask> C. Aquino and Pope John Paul II. Visiting Fellowships
<mask>e was a visiting fellow at the Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Japan in 2020. Previously, he was a visiting fellow at the Philippines Project of the School of Regulation and Global Governance, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University in 2019; at the Southeast Asia Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong in 2018; at the Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University in 2015; at the Japan Institute for International Affairs in 2002; a Sumitomo Foundation research grantee at the Waseda Institute of Asia Pacific Studies, Waseda University in 2000; a Fulbright American Studies fellow at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale in 2000; and, a Japan Foundation faculty development grantee at Ibaraki University, Japan from July 1995 to July 1996.Major publications

Books
 Imperious and Imperiled: The Paradox of the Philippine Presidency, co-authored with Mark R. Thompson [forthcoming]
 Patronage Politics in the Philippines: Clans, Clients, and Competition in Local Elections, co-edited with <mask> <mask> [forthcoming]
 Rethinking Parties in Democratizing Asia [forthcoming]
 Debate on Federal Philippines, co-edited with Eduardo Araral, Gilberto Llanto, Jonathan Malaya, and Ronald Mendoza, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press/Bughaw, 2017. Building Inclusive Democracies in ASEAN, co-edited with Ronald Mendoza, Edsel Beja Jr., Antonio La Viña, and Maria Villamejor-Mendoza, Mandaluyong: Anvil Publishing Inc., 2015. (2016

masks:
Corazon
Julio Teehanke
Cleo
Calimbahin


title: Julio C. Teehankee

texts:
 National Academy of Science and Technology Outstanding Book Award)
 Rethinking Japan’s Foreign Policy: State, Society, and Security. Manila: Yuchengco Center for East Asia, 2002. Japanese Party Politics and Governance in Transition. Manila: Yuchengco Center for East Asia, 2002. Book chapters
 “Rethinking Patronage Politics in the Philippines.” In Teehankee, J.C and <mask>in, A (Eds.) Patronage Politics in the Philippines: Clans, Clients, and Machines in Local Politics, [forthcoming]. "Introduction: Taking a Second Look at Asian Political Parties.” In <mask>, J. C. (Ed.) Rethinking Parties in Democratizing Asia, [forthcoming]. “Untangling the Party List System.” In Hutchcroft P. (Ed.)Strong Patronage, Weak Parties: The Case for Electoral Reform in the Philippines.Mandaluyong: Anvil Publishing Inc., 2019, 145-161. "Accountability Challenges to Sustainable Development Goals in Southeast Asia.” In Holzhacker, R. and Agussalim, D. (Eds. ), Sustainable Development Goals in Southeast Asia and ASEAN. Singapore: Brill, 2019, 79-97. “House of Clans: Political Dynasties in the Philippine Legislature.” In Thompson, M.R. and Batalla E.C.(Eds.) Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Philippines. London and New York: Routledge., 2018, 85-96. “Strengthening the Party List System as a List Proportional Representation Election System.” In Malaya, J. (Ed.). The Quest for a Federal Philippines, 110-122. Pasay: PDP Laban Federalism Institute., 2017, 98-110.“Rationale and Features of Federalism.” In Araral, E. et al. Debate on Federal Philippines, Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press/Bughaw, 2017, 9-44.

masks: Calbah Teehankee


title: Julio C. Teehankee

texts:
 Crisis: Elections and Democracy in Five Nations in Southeast Asia. Berlin: Lit Verlag, 2006, 215-276.“Election Campaigning in the Philippines," in Schafferer, C. (Ed.) Election Campaigning in East and Southeast Asia. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005, 79-101. “Electoral Politics in the Philippines,” in <mask>t, A., Bruns, G., & John, M (Eds. ), Electoral Politics in Southeast & East Asia Singapore: Freidrich Ebert Stiftung, 2002, 149-202. Journal articles
 "Duterte’s Populism and the 2019 Midterm Election: An Anarchy of Parties?” co-authored with Yuko Kasuya, Philippine Political Science Journal [forthcoming].“Factional Dynamics in Philippine Party Politics, 1900-2019,” Journal of Contemporary Southeast Asian Affairs, Vol. 39 (1), 2020, 98–123. “The 2019 Midterm Elections in the Philippines: Party System Pathologies and Duterte’s Populist Mobilization,” co-authored with Yuko Kasuya, Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, Vol. 5(1), 2020, 69–81. “Mapping the Philippines’ Defective Democratization,” co-authored with <mask> <mask>, Asian Affairs: An American Review, 47(2), 2020, 97-125
 “Les catastrophes humanitaires et l’essor de de la philanthropie religieuse mondialisée [Disasters and the Rise of Global Religious Philanthropy],” co-authored with Jayeel <mask> Diogene, 2016, 122-139. “Regional Dimensions of the 2016 General Elections in the Philippines,” Regional and Federal Studies, Volume 28 Issue 3, 2018, 383-394. “Duterte’s Resurgent Nationalism in the Philippines: A Discursive Institutionalist Analysis,” Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 35 (3), 2016, 69-89.“The Vote in the

masks: Croissan Cleo Calimbahin Colio


title: Clemente Mastella

texts:
<mask>i government from 10 May 1994 to 17 January 1995 and Minister of Justice in the Prodi government from 17 May 2006 to 17 January 2008. He was also elected to the European Parliament in June 2009 on the list of The People of Freedom of Berlusconi. Political career
<mask> was born in Ceppaloni, province of Benevento. In 1976 he was elected to the Chamber of Deputies as a member of the Christian Democracy party. After the party's dissolution in 1994, <mask> joined with Pierferdinando Casini to found a new party, called Centro Cristiano Democratico.That same year, following the election victory of Silvio Berlusconi, he was appointed Minister of Labour. In 1998, after the fall of Romano Prodi's first government, <mask> decided to follow Francesco Cossiga, lifetime senator and former Italian Republic President. He left his party to found the Christian Democrats for the Republic, then Democratic Union for the Republic. This new political party, which supported the new centre-left government led by Massimo D'Alema, lasted only one year. In 1999, <mask> took over the leadership of UDEUR. In 2005, <mask> took part in the primary election for the leadership of The Union. He obtained 4.6% of the vote.<mask> <mask> and the President of the Sicilian Region Salvatore Cuffaro were subjects of a scandal when it was revealed that they had been the best men of Francesco Campanella, a former member of the Mafia who helped the boss Bernardo Provenzano when he was a fugitive from the law. In July 2000, <mask> was a witness at Campanella's wedding. In 2016 he became mayor of the city of Benevento. Minister of Justice
In 2006, <mask> became minister of Justice in the Prodi government. <mask> promoted a general amnesty in 2006. He also proposed criminalising Holocaust denial, but he dropped the proposal after opposition by historians and concerns about such law being unconstitutional. As Minister of Justice, <mask> received an "Advice of Judicial Proceedings" in February 2007 from the Naples

masks:
Mario Clemente Mastellacon
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Clemente
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella
Mastella


title: Clemente Mastella

texts:
 prosecutors’ office.He is being investigated for fraudulent bankruptcy when the Naples football club S.S.C. Napoli collapsed in 2004. <mask> was vice president of the Board of Directors. In September 2007 he has asked the Higher Council of the Magistracy to arrange the transfer of the prosecuting attorney of Catanzaro Luigi De Magistris, who was inquiring on a committee of illegal transactions composed by politicians (including <mask> himself) and magistrates. In May 2007, <mask> started a blog of his own (clementemastella.blogspot.com) in retaliation to criticism by the Italian comedian and political activist Beppe Grillo. <mask>'s wife, Sandra Lonardo, is also a UDEUR politician, and she acts as president of the Regional Council of Campania. She has been under house arrest for suspected bribery since 16 January 2008.Meanwhile, <mask> <mask> resigned from his position as Justice Minister; in announcing his resignation, he said that "between the love of my family and power I choose the former" and expressed his desire to be "more free from a political and personal point of view". Prodi rejected the resignation, but on 17 January <mask> said again that he was resigning. Prodi was to temporarily take over his portfolio. In 2017 <mask> was cleared of charges. 2008 Italian political crisis
Despite having earlier said that he would support Prodi's government without participating in it, on 21 January 2008, <mask> said that his party was ending its support, thereby depriving the government of its narrow majority in the Senate. <mask> said that UDEUR wanted an early election and that it would vote against the government if there was a vote of confidence. <mask>'s decision occurred a few days after a decision by the Constitutional Court which confirmed that there would be a referendum to modify the electoral system.As stated many times by <mask>, if the referendum was confirmed this would lead directly to the fall of the government and in fact this is what happened. The fall of the

masks: Mastella Mastella Mastella Mastella Clemente Mastella Mastella Mastella Mastella Mastella Mastella Mastella


title: Clemente Mastella

texts:
 government disrupted a pending election-law referendum that, if it had been passed, would have made it harder for small parties like Mastella's to gain seats in parliament. On 6 February 2008, <mask> announced that he would be part of Silvio Berlusconi's Casa delle Libertà. but on 1 March Berlusconi refused to form a coalition with Mastella, citing too many differences in their political programmes. After failing to secure a coalition with any other political party, <mask> decided to quit the electoral competition on 7 March, as the Italian electoral system subjects political parties not a part of a coalition to thresholds of 4% and 8% for the Chamber and the Senate, respectively. European Parliament
He was elected to the European Parliament in June 2009 on the list of The People of Freedom of Berlusconi. In July 2009 he was quoted in the Italian because of statements made about the per diem collected at the European Parliament: "An allowance of 290 euro!"- he said in a lift to his assistants - "'It's misery. ... They do not know what you get in the Italian Parliament". In the first months of the current legislature (2009-2014) of the European Parliament he was one of the MEPs less present during voting in plenary meetings. Mayor of Benevento
On 20 June 2016, <mask> was elected mayor of Benevento as head of a centre-right coalition. On 3 June 2020, he left Forza Italia to create a regional list named Noi Campani (We Campanians) in support of centre-left incumbent president Vincenzo De Luca for his re-election campaign. References

External links
 Official website
 <mask>'s blog

1947 births
Living people
People from the Province of Benevento
Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians
20th-century Italian politicians
MEPs for Italy 2009–2014
21st-century Italian politicians
Union of Democrats for Europe MEPs
Union of Democrats for Europe politicians
Christian Democratic Centre politicians
Democratic Union for the Republic politicians
Italian Ministers of Justice
Mayors of

masks: Mastella Mastella Mastella Mastella


title: Maria Baumgartner

texts:
<mask> (born 13 March 1952 in Königswiesen, Austria) is an Austrian studio potter and was professor of ceramics at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz. Biography
From 1972 to 1979 <mask> studied ceramics at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz and graduated as Master of Fine Arts. 1980 she founded her first studio near Lienz/ Tirol and worked there as freelance artist until 2014. 1986 she additionally started working as Assistant professor at the University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz and continued her career there as Associate professor until her retirement in 2014. 2015 she founded a new studio in Puchenau near Linz and works also in Tyros, Arcadia, Greece. Besides being artist and professor she also acted as curator and academic author in the field of ceramic art. Work
As artist she won awards, prizes and grants in Austria, Germany, Croatia und Hungary.She participated in 32 personal and 121 group exhibitions in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France, Italy, Belgium, Chechia, Spain, Denmark, Lithuania, Croatia, Latvia, Turkey, Egypt, USA, Korea and Japan. Her artworks can be found in several art museums and other well known public or private art collections, like the Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna, the Museum of Design, Zürich, Sèvres – Cité de la céramique, France, the Igal & Diane Silber Collection, Laguna Beach/ Cal., the Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery (Lithuania), the International Ceramics Studio in Kecskemét (Hungary), the Museum of Modern Ceramic Art, Mino Ceramic Park, Gifu (Japan), the Grassi Museum, Leipzig, or the collection of the Veste Coburg. <mask> herself writes about her recent objects of ceramic art: "My objects are each

masks:
Maria Baumgartner
Maria Baumgartner
Maria Bagartner


title: Maria Baumgartner

texts:
 built up and hand-formed to their individual shape. The surface is smoothed only partially. This free development of the ceramic form can be seen in the sometimes dissolving rims and in the often thin-walled shells of the objects. The forms are inspired by an architectural aesthetic, hinting at vertical axes, playing with orthogonal or other geometric structures, but deconstructing, tilting and intertwining them. Thus a positive disquiet can be experienced.The entire surface of the ceramic objects is worked out in multiple layering by paintbrush, sgraffito or other pictorial techniques. Aim is to reach the impression of »three-dimensional paintings«"

The following pictures show this formative development of the ceramic sculptural objects by <mask>gartner: starting from experimenting with circular or cylindrical forms (figure 1), she developed more complicated objects, using thin-walled wavelike shapes with experimental glazes (figure 2), or more solid houselike structures with straight angles (figures 3, 4). Now her objects are a free combination of various geometric shapes and conceptional graphics (figure 5)

Awards, grants, invitations (a selection)
 1986 Upper Austrian Grant for artistic talent ("Talentförderungsprämie")
 1991 Austrian State Prize for Design ("österr. Staatspreis für gestaltendes Handwerk")
 1993 Nagrada (award) "Slavonski Brod" (= Medal "New Positions"), 4. Svetski Triennale Male Keramike, Zagreb/ Croatia. 1993, 1998 International Ceramic Symposia, Panevėžys/ LIT (invited artist)
 1994 3rd »Tradition and Possibilities« Symposium: Blue Porcelain Painting Dubí/ Chechia (invited artist),
 1998 Celadon Porcelain Festival & Symposium, Gangjin/ KOR (group


title: Maria Baumgartner

texts:
 invitation). 1998 Salzburg Award for Ceramic Art ("Salzburger Keramikpreis").1998, 2000 Biennial "Form & Glaze", Frankfurt am Main (Germany) (invited artist by jury decision)
 2002, 2003: Fire Magic II, III Symposia, International Ceramics Studio (ICS), Kecskemét (Hungary) (co-director). 2020: GRACIS 2020. Zagreb, Zelina award: silver medal. Personal exhibitions (a selection)
 1982 Ceramics, Gallery "Kunsthof Weihergut", Salzburg/ A
 1984 Ceramics and Porcellain, Galerie Thaddaeus Ropac, Lienz/ A
 1990 <mask>garter/ Lilo Schrammel: Ceramics, Gallery (of the artist's association) MAERZ, Linz/ A
 1992 <mask> – Ceramics, Gallery in the Museum "Schloss Bruck", Lienz/ A
 1992 <mask>ner: Ceramics, Gallery L in the "Heine-Haus", Hamburg/ BRD
 1993 Vases and Colours, Gallery Felice Figl, Linz/ A
 1996 Landscapes - Pale Clay, Gallery "Ceramic Arts", Vienna/ A
 1996 Works in Clay, Gallery in the "Looshaus", Vienna/ A
 2000 <mask>umgartner: New Ceramics, Gallery "b15", Munich/ BRD
 2000 Ceramic Objects and Sculptures, Kammerhof Gallery, Gmunden/ A
 2001 <mask>ner: Ceramics, Gallery "Unart", Villach/ A
 2001 Ceramics: Series "Kasbah", "Twists", "Orcas", Gallery "Tiroler Kunstpavillon", Innsbruck/ Aonline via the database "basis Vienna" accessed February 28, 2016. 2010 A Plentiful Portion – Ceramic Objects, Gallery "Kulturkeller Schloss Dobersberg/ A"
 2015 - 2017 Maria Baumgartner: open gallery exhibition program, Gallery Maria Baumgartner, Puchenau near Linz/ A (organized by "Die Kunstsammlung OÖ./ Upper Austrian Arts Foundation"). 2020 Art cycling in Millstatt, special exhibition Maria Baumgartner in the Millstatt abbey (cloister). Group exhibitions (a selection)
 1981 Austrian

masks:
Maria Baum
Maria Baumgartner
Maria Baumgart
Maria Ba
Maria Baumgart


title: Maria Baumgartner

texts:
 Central Europe – A Focus on Hungary, the Czech Republic and Greater Central Europe, Museum of Modern Ceramic Art, Gifu/ JAP. 2012 1000 Gramm/ 1000 grams, Gallery of Applied Arts, Munic/ BRD. 2014 Ceramics from the 20th Century. Objects from the Donation Welle, Museum of Applied Arts, Gera/ BRD. 2016 Heritage and Diversity. East and West Invitational Ceramic Exhibition, Hanyang University Museum, Seoul/ KOR.2016 Latvia International Ceramics Biennale - Martinsons Award Exhibition, Mark Rothko Art Centre, Daugavpils/ LAT. 2017 Ceramics out of Passion: Kurt Ohnsorg, Günther Praschak, <mask> and others, Lower Austrian Centre of Modern Arts, Sankt Pölten/ AUT. 2018, 2020 Art cycling in Millstatt, Millstatt/ AUT
 2019-2020 Paroda Keramiada. Trys Panevėžio tarptautinio keramikos simpoziumo dešimtmečiai/ Three Decades of Panevėžys International Ceramic Symposium, Panevėžio miesto dailės galerija/ Panevėžys Civic Art Gallery, Panevėžys/ LIT
 2020 G.R.A.C.I.S. 2020 (Ceramics from Germany, Romania, Austria, Croatia, Italy, Slovenia), Zvonimir Gallery, Zagreb. 2020 MIKS 20. Međunarodna izložba keramike i stakla - International exhibition of ceramics and glass, Zagreb, Ambienta fair, Zagreb Fair Grounds.2021 Ceramic Diversity, Salzburg, Berchtoldvilla. 2021-2022 ANALOG - Austrian and International Ceramics from the 1980s, Schrems, Austria, Art museum Waldviertel. 2022 INDIA FEST 22 - Povodom 73. proslave Dana Republike Indije/ Exhibition on the occasion of the 73rd celebration of the foundation Day of the Republic of India, virtual/ online exhibition with 47 ceramic artists from Austria, Canada, Croatia, Estonia, India, Italy, Romania, Singapore, Slovenia, Turkey, Uruguay and USA,


title: Maria Baumgartner

texts:
 Ausstellung der Kunstuniversität Linz im Rahmen der OÖ. Landesausstellung 2008 (Copy and Paste.An exhibition of the Arts University Linz within the Upper Austrian Regional Exhibition 2008). ed. University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz, Linz 2008, . References

 External links

 Entry <mask>umgartner in the Austrian artist data base of the "Tiroler Künstlerschaft"
 Entry <mask>gartner in the international arts data base "artfacts.net"
 Bowl 1981 on the website of "basis Vienna" from the personal exhibition 1982 in Zell am See/AUT;
 Bowl 1983 from the collection of the Academy of Arts (Hochschule der Künste), Zurich/ CH;
 Bowl 1986 from the collection of the "Veste Coburg", Germany (temporarily not reachable);
 Rain Vase 1991 from the collection of the Austrian Federal Government in Vienna;
 Shell 1991 on the website of the Austrian National Library from the solo exhibition in Lienz/AUT
 Patches 1998 from the collection of the "Panevezys Civic Art Gallery" (Lithuania);
 Composition 2017  from the "Ceramics out of Passion" exhibition 2017 in St. Pölten/AUT;
 Kasbah 2001 in the collection of Sèvres – Cité de la céramique''/ FRA;
 Bend no. 1 2003 from the "Art cycling in Millstatt" exhibition 2018;
 Complete Worklist 2018 as exhibited at the "Art cycling in Millstatt" exhibition 2018;
 Orcas 2001 on the website of "basis Vienna" (from the solo-exhibition in Innsbruck/AUT 2001;
 Kasbah 2002 from the "All Ceramics" exhibition 2003-2004 by the "Lower Austria Art Association (NÖ-Art)";

1952 births
Living people
20th-century Austrian women artists
21st-century Austrian women artists
Austrian potters
University of Arts and Industrial Design Linz faculty
Women potters
Austrian

masks:
Maria Ba
Maria Baum


title: Arun Shridhar Vaidya

texts:
General <mask>  (27 July 1926 – 10 August 1986) was a General Officer in the Indian Army. He served as the 13th Chief of the Army Staff from 1983 to 1986. Following his retirement, he was assassinated by Harjinder Singh Jinda and Sukhdev Singh Sukha, Sikh militants of the Khalistan Commando Force in August 1986. This was done in vengeance of Operation Blue Star. General <mask> commanded this operation. Family and early life
<mask> was born in Bombay on 27 July 1926 to a Marathi Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu (CKP) family, the son of Shridhar <mask>IE, a barrister and sometime district collector of Surat, and his wife Indira. After his early education at Pune, <mask> studied at Elphinstone High School in Bombay before joining Elphinstone College and later the M. I.B. College at Surat, presumably transferring due to his father's posting there as district collector. At Elphinstone College, Vaidya joined the 1st Bombay Battalion of the University Training Corps (UTC) and was awarded Best Cadet in 1942 before transferring to the MIB College, where he also joined its UTC and attained the rank of Company Quarter-Master Havildar (CQMH). On 30 March 1944, he joined the Officers' Training School at Belgaum as a cadet. He was selected for the Armoured Corps and underwent further training at Ahmednagar, receiving an emergency commission in the Royal Deccan Horse (later the 9th Deccan Horse) of the British Indian Army on 20 January 1945. Vaidya fought in the Burma Campaign with the 14th Army during the final months of the Second World War, including at the battles of Meiktila and Rangoon. His wife's name was Bhanu and they had three

masks:
Arunkumar Shridhar Vaidya
Arun Vaidya
Vaidya
Balkrishna Vaidya C
Vaidya


title: Arun Shridhar Vaidya

texts:
 daughters.Military career

Early army career
<mask> received an emergency commission in the Indian Armoured Corps on 20 October 1945, with the service number IEC-11597, and received a regular army commission as a lieutenant on 7 May 1947 (seniority from 20 April 1947), a few months before India's independence. Post-Independence
In September 1948, <mask> was involved in Operation Polo as a member of the ad hoc armoured force organised from the Armoured Corps Centre and School. The force captured the Daulatabad Fort, the Ellora Caves area and Parbhani. In 1958, he was selected to attend the Defence Services Staff College, Wellington, having secured a competitive vacancy. He was subsequently appointed brigade major of the 70 Infantry Brigade. He served in this appointment in Ladakh during the Sino-Indian War in 1962. 1965 Indo-Pak war
<mask> was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 10 June 1965, shortly before war broke out between India and Pakistan that year.He was in command of the Deccan Horse. During the time, he was instrumental in saving the Command Trucks and fleeing Divisional Headquarters through his tanks through an encirclement by Pakistan Army's 6th Armoured Division at the Battle of Chawinda which resulted in destruction of Pakistan's 1st Armoured Division and heavy loss of Pakistani lives. 70 tanks were destroyed of which 38 tanks were decimated by the Deccan Horse. The regiment won 22 gallantry awards and <mask> as the Commandant was awarded India's second highest military decoration, the Maha Vir Chakra (MVC). He was awarded the MVC in an investiture ceremony at the Rashtrapati Bhavan by the President of India

masks: Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya


title: Arun Shridhar Vaidya

texts:
 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan on 21 April 1966. Maha Vir Chakra Citation
The citation for the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:

Between the wars
On 21 July 1969, he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier and appointed Commander of 167 Mountain Brigade. Under him, the brigade conducted operations against the Naga hostiles who were backed by China.Along with the leader, Mowu Angami, most of the hostiles were captured with their weapons and equipment. <mask> was awarded the Ati Vishisht Seva Medal on 26 January 1970. On 2 November 1970, he was appointed Commandant of the Armoured Corps Centre and School at Ahmednagar. 1971 Indo-Pak war
During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, <mask> was in command of an armored brigade in the Zafarwal sector on the western front. In the Battle of Chakra and Dahira, the hostile terrain was combined with minefields. He crossed through the minefield and moved forward. Thus the entire squadron was able to push through the lane and quickly deploy itself to meet the Pakistan Army's counter-attacks.During the Battle of Basantar (known as Battle of Barapind in Pakistan) in the same conflict, he displayed skill and leadership in getting his tanks through deep minefields. For this he was awarded a second Maha Vir Chakra (known as the Bar to MVC). Bar to Maha Vir Chakra Citation
The citation for the bar to the Maha Vir Chakra reads as follows:

Post-war career
On 4 January 1973, <mask> was promoted to the acting rank of major-general and appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) the elite 1st Armoured Division. He was confirmed in the substantive rank of major-general on 1 April 1974. He subsequently moved

masks: Vaidya Vaidya Vaidya