title: William Ellis (writer on agriculture)

texts:
<mask> (1758) was an English farmer of Little Gaddesden, near Hemel Hempstead, in Hertfordshire, known as writer on agriculture. Biography

<mask> is supposed to have been born about 1700, received an ordinary education, and began life as a plain farmer. For nearly fifty years he held a farm at Little Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, on which, however, he made no pretense to scientific agriculture. He was evidently a person of intelligence, and had travelled much both in this country and on the continent. His early works brought him into 'repute,' and many applications were made to him by landed proprietors in all parts of the country to visit and report on their farms. Thus he traveled over the north of England in order to give those who complied with his terms the benefit of his experience. <mask> seems to have been a shrewd man of business, for he soon added to his income by frequently traveling as an agent for seeds and seller of farming implements; in short he was ready to execute any sort of country business at a fixed price.Many eager farmers, led by his fame and his books, proceeded to visit <mask>'s farm, but found, to their surprise and disappointment, that he did not carry out any of the views which he advocated in print, that his implements were old-fashioned, and that his land was neglected and in bad condition. This report, speedily reacted on the sale of his books. They had introduced many new methods of treating manure, sheep and turnips, and lucerne,

masks:
William Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis


title: William Ellis (writer on agriculture)

type: original

texts:
 but now their reputation began to decline. <mask> perceived with sorrow that he was outliving his fame. Work

The success which his work on timber obtained (it ran through three editions in less than three years) tempted Osborne, the book-seller, to engage him as a writer, and <mask> produced with much fecundity volume after volume. Gradually he advanced to monthly works and more voluminous productions, in which, to fill up his stipulated number of pages, he was driven to introduce those ridiculous anecdotes and unnecessary details which have so much marred his writings. So long as <mask> proceeded according to his own rule (Preface to Farriery), "I always considered experience as the only touchstone of truth, and by that unerring rule every particular here advanced has been sufficiently tried," all was well, and his books were valued accordingly.But the editor of his last book was compelled before printing it to exclude many foolish stories of gipsies, thieves, and the like, also many absurd nostrums and receipts, evidently only inserted to fill space. <mask>'s books have become useless, from the advance in agricultural science. The Practical Farmer, or the Hertfordshire Husbandman, 1732

The work of The Practical Farmer, or the Hertfordshire Husbandman, 223 pages octavo size, was first published in 1732. It has gone through five editions, the last edition published in 1759. It treats the meliorating of soils, the grains, grasses, cows, sheep, and suckling of

masks: Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis


title: William Ellis (writer on agriculture)

texts:
 economy in general; it is <mask>'s best work, though such a sentence as 'Be yourself the first man up in a morning for sounding at your door your harvest horn to call your men at four o'clock,' contrasts amusingly with the writer's own practice according to those who went to visit him at Little Gaddesden. Publications
<mask>'s works consist of:
 <mask>. The Practical Farmer, Or, the Hertfordshire Husbandman: Containing Many New Improvements in Husbandry 1732; 5th ed. 1759
 <mask>. Chiltern and Vale Farming, 1733. <mask>. New Experiments in Husbandry for the Month of April,' 1736.<mask>. The London and country brewer, 1737
 <mask>. The Timber-Tree Improved, 1738. These last two are tracts. <mask>. Agriculture improv'd: or, The practice of husbandry display'd, 1746
 <mask>. The Shepherd's Sure Guide, 1749; full of fatuous anecdotes of sheep and dogs.<mask>. The Modern Husbandman, 8 vols., 1750. Vol. 1; Vol. 2; Vol. 3; Vol. 4; Vol.8
 <mask>. The Country House wife's Family Companion, 1750. <mask>. The Compleat Cyderman: Or, the Present Practice of Raising Plantations of the Best Cyder Apple and Perry Pear-trees, with the Improvement of Their Excellent Juices. ... By Experienc'd Hands, R. Baldwin, 1754
 <mask>. Every Farmer his own Farrier, 1769. <mask>.Husbandry Abridged and Methodized, 2 vols., 1772. Vol. 1

References

Attribution

1700 births
1758 deaths
18th-century English writers
Agricultural writers
English agriculturalists
People from Little

masks:
Ellis
Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis
William Ellis


title: Willi Münzenberg

texts:
Wilhelm "<mask><mask> (14 August 1889, Erfurt, Germany – June 1940, Saint-Marcellin, France) was a German Communist political activist and publisher. Münzenberg was the first head of the Young Communist International in 1919–20 and established the famine-relief and propaganda organization Workers International Relief in 1921. He was a leading propagandist for the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) during the Weimar Era, but later grew disenchanted with the USSR due to Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of the 1930s. Condemned by Stalin to be purged and arrested for treason, <mask> left the KPD and in Paris became a leader of the German émigré anti-fascism and anti-Stalinist community until forced to flee the Nazi advance into France in 1940. Arrested and imprisoned by the Daladier government in France, he escaped prison camp only to be found dead a few months later in a forest near the commune of Saint-Marcellin, France. Walter Laqueur described him as "a cultural impresario of genius". Early years
Münzenberg was born 14 August 1889 in Erfurt, in the Prussian Province of Saxony (present-day Thuringia).The son of a tavern keeper and grandson of a baron from the House of Seckendorff, Münzenberg grew up in poverty. As a young man working in a shoe factory, he became involved with trade unions and in the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). He gained his first experience as an organiser in 1907, when he attempted to organise apprentices in Erfurt with the local branch of the Union of Young German Workers, an activity which led to his brief imprisonment. He subsequently travelled through Germany in search of work, eventually

masks:
Willi
" Münzenberg
Münzenberg


title: Willi Münzenberg

texts: reaching Zürich in Switzerland in 1910, where he stayed for the following eight years. Whilst there he initially gravitated towards anarchist politics, and studied the works of Peter Kropotkin and Mikhail Bakunin. He subsequently shifted back towards social democracy. When the SPD split in 1914 between the moderate Majority SPD (MSPD) and the radical Independent SPD (USPD) over the issue of World War I, Münzenberg sided with the USPD.In 1915, having already become leader of the Swiss socialist youth movement, he was elected secretary of the International Union of Socialist Youth Organizations, and was elected to the executive of the Social Democratic Party of Switzerland the following year. During World War I, <mask> often visited Vladimir Lenin at his home in Zürich, Switzerland. His activism would eventually come to the attention of the Swiss authorities, who imprisoned him twice before deporting him to Germany in November 1918. That year, Münzenberg was a founding member of the KPD. He was initially associated with the party's left wing, and at the party's founding congress in December 1918 he acted as spokesman for the opposition to Rosa Luxemburg and Paul Levi's proposal for the party to contest the 1919 German federal election. <mask> subsequently played a leading role in the Spartacist uprising in Stuttgart, leading a demonstration alongside Clara Zetkin and Edwin Hoernle against the city's Social Democratic government which declared it overthrown in favour of a Soviet. Following the failure of the uprising he was arrested and spent five months in prison before being tried alongside the other leaders of the

masks: Münzenberg Münzenberg


title: Willi Münzenberg

texts:
 Stuttgart Spartacist rebellion, which ended in their acquittal.Shortly afterwards he became chairman of the state KPD in Württemberg. In November 1919, <mask> convened a congress of the Socialist Youth International which voted to affiliate to the Comintern as the Young Communist International, with <mask> remaining at its head. He was also the delegate of the YCI to the 2nd World Congress of the Communist International in 1920. However, he was removed from his leadership role with the YCI the following year. Political career
In 1924, <mask> was elected to the Reichstag as a KPD member. He served until the KPD was banned in 1933. However, his parliamentary work was low profile: he did not play a leading role in debates and avoided factional struggle in public, preferring to concentrate on his propaganda work.<mask> was one of the few KPD leaders in 1933, and one of the few of working-class origin, which was a source of immense pride for him. During the Weimar period, <mask> earned the reputation of a brilliant propagandist. His first major success was an effort to raise money and food for the victims of the Russian famine of 1921, a task which had been entrusted to him by Lenin after he was removed from the leadership of the Communist Youth International. <mask> was reputed to have raised millions of dollars for aid to the Soviet Union during the famine through his famous organization Internationale Arbeiter-Hilfe (IAH; "Workers International Relief"), based in Berlin. IAH's efforts were valuable not only for the practical help they offered in terms of famine relief, but also due to their propaganda value for the communist

masks: Münzenberg Münzenberg Münzenberg Münzenberg Münzenberg Münzenberg


title: Willi Münzenberg

texts:
 movement in Germany and around the world. IAH also owned the Moscow-based film studio Mezhrabpomfilm, which employed 400 members of staff and produced films by Soviet directors including Vsevolod Pudovkin and Nikolai Ekk. Their films, as well as other Soviet productions, were distributed in Germany by its subsidiary Prometheus-Filmgesellschaft, including Battleship Potemkin, which became a major hit in Germany after receiving a poor reception in the Soviet Union.Prometheus also produced films in Germany, such as Kuhle Wampe, whose script was co-written by Bertolt Brecht. In 1924 he launched Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung, an illustrated weekly which became the most widely read socialist pictorial newspaper in Germany, achieving a circulation of almost half a million. Further reading
 Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, KGB: The Inside Story of its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1990. Babette Gross, <mask> <mask>: A Political Biography. Translated by Marian Jackson. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1974.Arthur Koestler, The Invisible Writing. The Second Volume of an Autobiography: 1932–40. (1954) London: Vintage, 2005; pp. 250–259, 381–386. Leo, Gerhard, Frühzug nach Toulouse. Verlag der Nation, Berlin 1988
 Green, John, <mask>-Munzenberg-Fighter-against-Fascism-and-Stalinism, Routledge, London 2019
 Martin Mauthner, German Writers in French Exile, 1933–1940, London: Vallentine Mitchell, 2007. Sean McMeekin, The Red Millionaire: A Political Biography of <mask> <mask>, Moscow's Secret Propaganda Tsar in the West, 1917–1940.New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004.

masks: Willi Münzenberg Willi Willi Münzenberg


title: Willi Münzenberg

texts:
 Henri Mora, Les vérités qui dérangent parcourent des chemins difficiles, 29 September 2008
 Stephen Koch, Double Lives: Stalin, <mask> Munzenberg and the Seduction of the Intellectuals. New York: Free Press, 1994. Fredrik Petersson, "In Control of Solidarity? <mask> <mask>, the Workers’ International Relief and League against Imperialism, 1921–1935", Comintern Working Paper 8, Åbo Akademy University, 2007. Fritz Tobias, The Reichstag Fire. Arnold J. Pomerans, trans.New York: Putnam, 1963. Boris Volodarsky, The Orlov KGB File: The Most Successful Espionage Deception of All Time. New York: Enigma Books, 2009. "Wilhelm Munzenberg, International Secretary YPSL", The Young Socialists' Magazine, vol. 12, no. 4 (April 1918), pp. 2, 15.Footnotes

External links
 Green, John, <mask> Münzenberg - Fighter against Fascism and Stalinism, Routledge 2019
 "Breitbart for the Left", Jacobin. 25 March 2017. Jacoby, Russell, "Willi the Red", The Nation, 29 January 2004
 Koch, Stephen, "Lying for the truth: Münzenberg & the Comintern", The New Criterion, retrieved 27 July 2011
 Mora, Henri, Les vérités qui dérangent parcourent des chemins difficiles, retrieved 27 July 2011

1889 births
1940 deaths
Politicians from Erfurt
People from the Province of Saxony
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Independent Social Democratic Party politicians
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
German Comintern people
Soviet spies
Executive Committee of the Communist International
Exiles from Nazi Germany
Suicides by hanging in France
Death conspiracy theories
German propagandists
German

masks: Willi Willi Münzenberg Willi


title: Thomas Anderson (Medal of Honor)

texts:
<mask><mask> (July 12, 1841 – September 8, 1912) was a United States soldier and native of Pennsylvania who fought with the Union Army as a corporal in Company I of the 1st West Virginia Cavalry during the American Civil War. He was awarded his nation's highest award for valor, the U.S. Medal of Honor, for capturing the flag of a Confederate regiment during the Battle of Appomattox Station on April 8, 1865. The award was conferred on May 3 of that same year. Formative years
Born on July 12, 1841, <mask><mask> was a native of Washington County, Pennsylvania. Civil War
On November 18, 1861, at the age of 20, <mask><mask> enrolled for military service at Wheeling, West Virginia. He then officially mustered in for duty with Company I of the 1st West Virginia Cavalry. Assigned to guard lines of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in what is now West Virginia during the opening months of 1862, <mask> and his fellow 1st Virginia Cavalrymen were directed to combat assignments beginning that spring.After fighting at Winchester, Virginia (March 23), they engaged the enemy in operations at Monterey (April 12), Buffalo Gap (May 3), McDowell (May 7), Strasburg (June 1), Cross Keys (June 8), Port Republic (June 9), and White Plains (June 10). Marched east of the Appalachian Mountains, they then re-engaged with the enemy in Culpeper, Fauquier and Fairfax counties, including battles at Cedar Mountain (August 9) and Orange Court House (August 13). Next engaged in Union General John Pope's Northern Virginia Campaign, they participated in operations along

masks:
Thomas A
. Anderson
Thomas A
. Anderson
Thomas A
. Anderson
Anderson


title: Thomas Anderson (Medal of Honor)

texts: the Rapidan River (August 18), Freeman's Ford/Hazel River (August 22), Kelly's Ford (August 22), Sulphur Springs (August 23), Waterloo Bridge (August 23–August 25), and Gainesville (August 28), as well as in the Second Battle of Bull Run (August 28–30). Also engaged in operations at Lewis Ford (August 30), they then fought in the Battle of Chantilly (September 1). The year of 1863 proved to be an intense one for <mask> and his fellow 1st West Virginia Cavalrymen. Ordered to march for Pennsylvania during the early summer, they participated in the Union Army's tide-turning Gettysburg Campaign, including the battles of Hanover (June 30) and Gettysburg (July 1–3), and then helped to drive Confederate troops from Pennsylvania into Maryland and Virginia, engaging in the battles of Williamsport (July 6–16), Boonsboro (July 8), and Mine Run (November 27–December 2). Two days before Christmas that year, <mask> then re-enlisted with the 1st West Virginia Cavalry at New Creek, West Virginia, earning the designation of "Veteran Volunteer".After emerging from winter quarters in 1864, <mask> and his fellow 1st West Virginia Cavalrymen fought in the battles of Cove Mountain (May 10), Lynchburg (June 17–18) and Rutherford's Farm (July 20) before becoming deeper involved in that year's Valley Campaigns, which included the Second Battle of Kernstown (July 24), and the battles of Moorefield (August 7), Opequan (September 19), Fisher's Hill (September 21–22), Cedar Creek (October 19), and Waynesboro (March 2, 1865) under Major-General Philip H. Sheridan.

masks: Anderson Anderson Anderson


title: Thomas Anderson (Medal of Honor)

texts:
 Assigned next to the war-ending Appomattox Campaign, <mask> and the 1st West Virginia Cavalry fought in the battles of Dinwiddie Court House (March 31), Five Forks (April 1) and Sailor's Creek (April 6) during the early spring of 1865. It was at this juncture that <mask> performed the act of valor which resulted in his being awarded the U.S. Medal of Honor on May 3. While fighting as a corporal with the 1st West Virginia Cavalry in the Battle of Appomattox Station on April 8, he captured the flag of a Confederate States Army regiment. He was then also present with his regiment for the Battle of Appomattox Court House (April 9). <mask> officially mustered out from military life at Clarksburg, West Virginia on July 8, 1865. Post-war life
Sometime around 1866, following his honorable discharge from the military, <mask> married.He and his wife, Margaret (1843-1933), a fellow Pennsylvania native, then became the parents of: Elizabeth Ann (c. 1867-1872), Abram (b. January 1874), Sarah (b. August 1877), Lucinda (1876-1863), and Ida (1883-1969), all of whom were also natives of Pennsylvania. By 1900, <mask> and his son, Abram, were farming their family's land in West Bethlehem Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania. Also residing with them were <mask>'s wife, Margaret, and their other children: Sarah, Lucinda, and Ida. <mask> died at his home in Amwell Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania on September 8, 1912, and was buried at the Ten Mile Dunkard Church Cemetery in Lone Pine, Pennsylvania. Medal of Honor citation
Rank and

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Anderson
Thomas Anderson
Anderson


title: Thomas Anderson (Medal of Honor)

texts:
 organization: Corporal, Company I, 1st West Virginia Cavalry. Place and date: At Appomattox Station, Va., April 8, 1865. Entered service at: ------.Birth: Washington County, Pa. Date of issue: May 3, 1865. Citation: Capture of Confederate flag. Citation:

The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Corporal <mask>, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on April 8, 1865, while serving with Company I, 1st West Virginia Cavalry, in action at Appomattox Station, Virginia, for the capture of a Confederate flag. See also

 List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: A–F
 Pennsylvania in the American Civil War

References

External links
 "Battle Flag No. 356" (image of the Confederate battle flag captured by <mask><mask> during the Battle of Appomattox Station on April 8, 1865"), in "The History of the Flags in Lee Chapel and Museum", in "About the Chapel", in "Lee Chapel and Museum". Lexington, Virginia: Washington and Lee University, retrieved online September 30, 2018."CPL <mask> A. <mask>" (memorial with gravestone photographs). Salt Lake City, Utah: Find A Grave, retrieved online February 18, 2012. Medal of Honor (history). Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina: Congressional Medal of Honor Society, retrieved online September 20, 2018. 1841 births
1912 deaths
Union Army soldiers
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People from Centre County, Pennsylvania
People of West Virginia in the American Civil War
American Civil War recipients of the

masks:
Thomas Anderson
Thomas A
. Anderson
Thomas
Anderson


title: Ronny Turiaf

texts:
<mask>  (born January 13, 1983) is a French former professional basketball player who played 10 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Turiaf grew up in France and played college basketball for the Gonzaga Bulldogs in the United States, where he led the West Coast Conference (WCC) in scoring in his senior year. After graduating from Gonzaga, he entered the 2005 NBA draft and was picked by the Los Angeles Lakers. He later played for the Golden State Warriors, New York Knicks, Washington Wizards, Miami Heat, Los Angeles Clippers and Minnesota Timberwolves. Turiaf won an NBA championship with Miami in 2012. He was also a member of the French national team. Early life
Born in Fort-de-France, Turiaf spent most of his childhood in Martinique, a French overseas department in the Caribbean Sea.Following the advice from his father, Turiaf moved to Paris in 1998, at the age of 15, to attend the National Institute of Physical Education (INSEP), a school that combines rigorous secondary education with elite-level athletic training. In 1999, he made the French Under-18 national team, and he helped lead the team to the gold medal at the 2000 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship with future NBA stars Tony Parker, Boris Diaw, and Mickaël Piétrus. College career
In 2001, Turiaf left France after accepting an offer to attend Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington, where he played for four years. In his last three years at Gonzaga, he was named First Team All-WCC. Additionally, in his senior year (2004–05), he was named the conference's Player of the Year. He ended his college career as the fourth all-time leader in scoring and


title: Ronny Turiaf

texts:
 rebounding in school history, with 1,723 points and 859 rebounds, respectively. He averaged 13.6 points and 6.8 rebounds per game through his college years at Gonzaga, but led the WCC averaging 15.9 points, 9.5 rebounds, and 1.9 blocks per game as a senior.He graduated from Gonzaga with a degree in sports management, communication and French. He was the first triple major in his family. Professional career

Los Angeles Lakers

2005–06 season

<mask> <mask> was the 37th overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft to the Los Angeles Lakers, signing a two-year, $1 million contract. After a physical exam conducted by the Lakers just four weeks after the draft, team doctor, John Moe, found an enlarged aortic root in Turiaf's heart. After multiple examinations by other physicians, the Lakers decided that the problem, which was cleared by doctors in both France and the NBA's pre-Draft camp, was serious enough to require surgery. The Lakers were forced to void Turiaf's contract but retained his rights in case he was cleared to play again after the surgery. In addition, the team paid for all the expenses from the surgery.Turiaf underwent the six-hour open-heart surgery on July 26, 2005. His expected recovery time was between six and twelve months. As part of his rehabilitation, Turiaf signed with the Continental Basketball Association's Yakama Sun Kings, a team that drafted him with their 36th pick in the 2005 CBA draft. He played 9 games with the Sun Kings, averaging 13 points and 6.3 rebounds per game. Turiaf recovered from his surgery quicker than expected and was therefore re-signed with the Lakers on January 17, 2006, less than six months

masks: Ronny Turiaf


title: Ronny Turiaf

texts:
 after his surgery. In order to make room on the team's 15-man roster, the Lakers waived guard Laron Profit after his season-ending injury. 2006–07 season
On November 1, 2006, the second game of the season, <mask> Turiaf scored career highs in almost every category against the Golden State Warriors, including 8/10 shooting with 23 points and 14 rebounds.2007–08 season
<mask> <mask> received playing time due to the many Laker injuries during the 2007–08 season. He was in the starting line-up at the beginning of the season as a forward alongside Lamar Odom, but after spraining his left ankle during practice on November 15, 2007, Turiaf missed two games of his own while his starts became limited. However, after Pau Gasol sprained his ankle on March 14, 2008, in New Orleans, <mask> took over as the starting center for nine games until Gasol returned on April 2. In that nine game span, Turiaf's stats jumped to over 30 minutes per game with 11 points, 6 rebounds, and 2 blocks. Yet the Lakers went 5–4 during those nine games, including back-to-back losses at home against the Charlotte Bobcats and the Memphis Grizzlies, two of the league's worst teams. Turiaf and the Lakers would reach the 2008 NBA Finals, but they would lose in six games to their arch rivals Boston Celtics. During his time with the Lakers, Turiaf developed a close friendship with teammate Kobe Bryant.Bryant expressed sadness upon Turiaf's departure from the Lakers and would later say that Turiaf was one of his four all-time favorite teammates. Golden State Warriors
On July 9, 2008, <mask> Turiaf agreed to a four-year, $17 million contract offer from the Golden State

masks: Ronny Ronny Turiaf Ronny Ronny


title: Ronny Turiaf

texts:
 Warriors. According to free agency rules, his previous team, the Los Angeles Lakers, had seven days to match that offer. The Lakers, on July 18, decided not to match the Warriors' offer and the deal was finalized. New York Knicks

On July 9, 2010, <mask> was traded to the New York Knicks along with Anthony Randolph, Kelenna Azubuike and a future second-round pick in a sign and trade deal for David Lee. ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne
During the 2011 NBA lockout he signed with ASVEL Lyon-Villeurbanne in his native France. Washington Wizards
On December 10, 2011, <mask> was traded to the Washington Wizards.Miami Heat
On March 15, 2012, <mask> was traded to the Denver Nuggets along with JaVale McGee in a three-way trade involving the Denver Nuggets, the Los Angeles Clippers and the Washington Wizards. He was waived by the Nuggets shortly afterwards. On March 21, 2012, Turiaf signed with the Miami Heat. On June 21, 2012, Turiaf won his first NBA championship. Los Angeles Clippers
On July 27, 2012, Turiaf signed with the Los Angeles Clippers. Minnesota Timberwolves
On July 18, 2013, Turiaf signed with the Minnesota Timberwolves. He managed 31 games for Minnesota in 2013–14, but only two games in 2014–15 after being ruled out for the rest of the season on December 16, 2014, after undergoing a successful arthroscopic procedure on his right hip.Three days later, he was acquired by the Philadelphia 76ers in a three-team trade that involved the Timberwolves and the Houston Rockets. He was waived by the 76ers on December 23, 2014. Turiaf announced his retirement from basketball on October 24, 2016, almost two years after having appeared in his

masks: Turiaf Turiaf Turiaf


title: Alberto Moreno

texts:
<mask> (; born 5 July 1992) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Villarreal. He has also appeared for the Spain national team. An academy graduate of local side Sevilla, he made his senior debut for the club's reserve side in 2011 before going on to feature in 62 official games for the first team. During his time with Sevilla, he was part of the squad which won the Europa League title in 2014. The following season, he joined Premier League club Liverpool for a reported fee of £12 million, where he made 141 appearances and collected runners-up medals in the EFL Cup and the Europa League, and a winner's medal in the Champions League. <mask> was part of the Spain under-21 team that won the 2013 UEFA European Championship and made his senior debut the same year. Club career

Sevilla

Moreno was born in the Andalusian capital of Seville and at the age of 13 joined local side Sevilla.There he progressed through the club's youth academy and made his senior debut for the reserve side, Sevilla Atlético, on 12 June 2011 in a 3–1 home win over Guadalajara in the Segunda División B play-offs. The club ultimately lost 5–4 on aggregate, however. His first full season followed thereafter during which he scored four goals in 30 games, including his first senior goal directly from a corner kick in added time against Cádiz. Whilst playing for the reserve side, <mask> operated under the tutelage of Ramón Tejada who rotated him between attacking and defensive positions down the left-flank of the field. The positional rotation was later credited for his tactical awareness which contributed to him making his first team, and La Liga debut. This took place on 8 April 2012 when he came on as a substitute for Manu del Moral in the last minutes of a 1–0 away loss against Athletic Bilbao. In February 2013, <mask> was permanently promoted to the first team and he scored his first professional goal on 20 October, netting the second in a

masks:
Alberto Moreno Pérez
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno


title: Alberto Moreno

texts:
 2–2 draw at Real Valladolid.He ultimately made 17 appearances during a campaign blemished only by a straight red card he received following a confrontation with Gabi in a league match against Atlético Madrid. He enjoyed a breakthrough season in the 2013–14 campaign where he made 44 appearances in total for the club, including 14 in Sevilla's victorious run in the UEFA Europa League. His performances throughout the season also contributed towards Sevilla ending the fifth in the league and earned him a spot in Spain's provisional squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. On 12 August 2014, and on the eve of Sevilla's 2014 UEFA Super Cup match against Real Madrid, <mask> was withdrawn from the club's match-day squad after the club agreed a £12 million deal with Premier League side Liverpool for his signature. Following the match, <mask> was in tears and had to be consoled as he was given a send off by the club's fans. He later explained that he was emotional to be leaving Sevilla as the club was the "club of his life" but that he was equally motivated to succeed at Liverpool. Liverpool
On 16 August 2014, <mask> officially completed his move to Liverpool and he made his debut for the club 10 days later in a 3–1 league loss to Manchester City.He then scored his first goal on 31 August, netting the third goal in 3–0 away win against Tottenham Hotspur after dispossessing Andros Townsend and sprinting 40 yards to score. He scored again in December, against Swansea City, but ultimately endured an inconsistent debut season at Anfield, with his attacking output not matched by his defensive performances. <mask> spent the first four games of the next season as a substitute as new teammate Joe Gomez started in his position. However, on 20 September 2015, he made his first league start of the season, providing the assist for Danny Ings' first Liverpool goal in a 1–1 draw against Norwich City, and was praised for his man of the match performance. His

masks: Moreno Moreno Moreno Moreno


title: Alberto Moreno

texts:
 performance in the 2016 UEFA Europa League Final, where Liverpool lost 1–3 to his former club Sevilla, was heavily criticised by pundits and journalists for positioning and defensive errors. On 14 August 2016, <mask> started in the first game of the season, a 4–3 win at Arsenal, where he conceded a penalty and was criticised heavily for his performance, prompting a defence from his manager Jürgen Klopp. Despite his manager's intervention, he was dropped and used only as a late substitute for the next game, an 0–2 loss at Burnley.He made 18 appearances over the season, just eight as a starter, as James Milner was preferred in the left-back slot. In April 2017, Serie A teams AC Milan and Inter Milan spoke to Liverpool about a transfer for <mask>, and in June the Reds rejected a €12.5 million bid for him from another Italian club, Napoli. <mask> played more frequently at the start of the 2017–18 season, but was criticised in November in a Champions League group game against Sevilla, in which Liverpool led 3–0 at half time but drew 3–3, and was defended by Klopp. He ultimately lost his position to new signing Andrew Robertson for the rest of the season. Despite not playing in the 2019 UEFA Champions League Final against Tottenham Hotspur on 1 June 2019, <mask> won his first Champions League winner's medal as Liverpool won 2–0. Three days later, after making just five appearances all season, <mask> was released by Liverpool. Villarreal
On 9 July 2019, <mask> signed a five-year contract with Villarreal CF.In September 2020, he was ruled out for an estimated six months with a cruciate ligament injury to the left knee. On 26 May 2021, <mask> won the Europa League Final with Villarreal, scoring a penalty in the tense 11-10 shootout. International career

Youth
<mask> represented the Spain under-21s at the 2013 UEFA European Championship, being first-choice as he helped them retain their European title. Following the competition's completion he

masks: Moreno Moreno Moreno Moreno Moreno Moreno Moreno Moreno


title: Alberto Moreno

texts:
 was announced in UEFA's official team of the tournament. Senior
<mask> was called up to the senior team on 4 October 2013 for the last 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifier against Georgia, and he made his debut on 15 October, playing the full 90 minutes in a 2–0 win in Albacete. <mask> was included in Vicente del Bosque's 30-man provisional list for the tournament in Brazil, but was one of seven players cut from the final squad. Over three years since his last cap, <mask> was recalled by Julen Lopetegui for friendlies against Costa Rica and Russia in November 2017.Personal life
<mask> has many tattoos. In April 2016, he had his leg decorated with an image of a gun-toting chimpanzee dressed in a suit and wearing headphones; ESPN FC's verdict was "Please don't ask, because we haven't got the slightest clue." The back of his leg is decorated with the coordinates of his hometown's Plaza de España. <mask> has two children with his partner Lilia Granadilla. Career statistics

Club

International

Honours
Sevilla
 UEFA Europa League: 2013–14

Liverpool
 UEFA Champions League: 2018–19; runner-up: 2017–18
 Football League Cup runner-up: 2015–16
 UEFA Europa League runner-up: 2015–16
Villarreal

 UEFA Europa League: 2020–21

Spain U21
 UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2013

Individual
 UEFA European Under-21 Championship Team of the Tournament: 2013

References

External links

<mask> profile at the official Liverpool F.C. website

1992 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Seville
Spanish footballers
Footballers from Andalusia
Association football defenders
Sevilla Atlético players
Sevilla FC players
Villarreal CF players
Liverpool F.C. players
Segunda División B players
La Liga players
Premier League players
UEFA Europa League winning players
UEFA Champions League winning players
Spain under-21 international footballers
Spain international footballers
Spanish expatriate footballers
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in England
Expatriate footballers

masks:
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Moreno
Alberto Moreno


title: Daniel Cady

texts:
<mask> (April 29, 1773 – October 31, 1859 in Johnstown, Fulton County, New York) was a prominent American lawyer, politician and judge in upstate New York. While perhaps better known today as the father of <mask>, <mask> had a full and accomplished life of his own. <mask> was born in that part of Canaan, Columbia County, New York which was later split off to form Chatham, New York. He was a son of <mask> (1745–1819) and Tryphena (née Beebe) <mask> (1749–1839). His siblings included <mask> (b. 1768), <mask> (1770–1858), <mask> (1775–1856), <mask> (b. 1777), <mask> (1780–1816).Through his elder brother Eleazer, he was uncle to John Watts <mask> (1790–1854), also a U.S. Representative from New York. Career
He learned the shoemaker's trade, but accidentally injured an eye and lost the sight of it at age 18. He then studied law, first in Canaan with Judge Whiting, then in Troy with John Woodworth at the Albany Law School. <mask> was admitted to the bar in 1795, and commenced practice in Florida, Montgomery County. After a year in Florida, he moved to Johnstown, then the county seat. As a young lawyer, he worked with such notables as Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr, and toward the end of his career, he served on a case with Abraham Lincoln, where they each represented clients in a land dispute associated with Beloit College. Public office
<mask> was elected as a member of the New York State Assembly in 1808, serving three consecutive terms in the 32nd, 33rd and 34th New York State Legislatures beginning on July 1, 1808 and continuing until June 30, 1811.From February to April 1813, <mask> again

masks:
Daniel Cady
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Judge Cady
Life Cady
Eleazer Cady
Cady
Typhema Cady
Zilpha Cady Halsey
Eleazer Cady
Ruth Cady
Sally Cady Eaton
Cady
Cady
Cady
Cady


title: Daniel Cady

texts:
 served in the Assembly, this time the 36th New York State Legislature, while he was also the District Attorney of the Fifth District, which comprised Albany, Saratoga, Montgomery, Schoharie and Schenectady counties. <mask> was elected as a Federalist to the 14th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1815, to March 3, 1817. He was not a candidate for renomination and after serving in the U.S. Congress, returned to the practice of law. From June 7, 1847 to January 1, 1855, <mask> was a justice of the New York Supreme Court (4th D.) until he retired and resigned. <mask> also served as an ex officio judge of the New York Court of Appeals in 1849 and 1853. In 1856, <mask> was a presidential elector on the Republican John C. Fremont ticket. <mask> presided over the New York electoral college, which cast 35 votes for Fremont who lost the election to Democrat James Buchanan.Legacy
He is considered by some the father of Fulton County, virtually engineering the county's creation in 1838 after the Montgomery county seat was moved from Johnstown to Fonda, New York. The newly established county was named after Robert Fulton, a cousin of <mask>'s wife. Personal life

On July 8, 1801, <mask> was married to Margaret Livingston (1785–1871), the daughter of Col. James Livingston, an officer in the Continental Army during the American Revolution who fought at Saratoga and Quebec, and assisted in the capture of Major John Andre at West Point. Five of their children died in early childhood or infancy. A sixth child, a son named Eleazar, died at age 20 just before his graduation from Union College in

masks: Cady Cady Cady Cady Cady Cady Cady


title: Daniel Cady

texts:
 Schenectady, New York. Only five daughters lived well into adulthood and old age. Their surviving children included:

 Tryphenia <mask> (1804–1891), who married Edward Bayard (1806–1889), a Union College classmate of Eleazar and son of James Bayard, a U.S.Senator. Eleazer <mask> (1806–1826), who died at age 20 just before his graduation from Union College. Harriet Elizabeth <mask> (1810–1894), who married <mask> Eaton (1804–1855), a son of Amos Eaton and brother of General Amos Beebe Eaton, and her first cousin. Elizabeth Smith <mask> (1815–1902), who married Henry Brewster Stanton, brother of Robert L. Stanton, in 1840. Margaret Chinn <mask> (1817–1901), who married Duncan McMartin (1817–1894), son of Duncan McMartin Jr., a New York State Senator. Catherine Henry <mask> (1820–1899), who married Samuel Wilkeson (1817–1889), son of Samuel Wilkeson, a Mayor of Buffalo. His wife was an unusually tall woman for her time, had a commanding presence, whom their daughter Elizabeth described as "queenly."Margaret was said to have been emotionally devastated by the loss of so many children and fell into a depression, which prevented her from being fully involved in the lives of her surviving children. <mask> died in Johnstown on October 31, 1859. He was buried at Johnstown Cemetery. Descendants
<mask>'s wife's sister Elizabeth, who married Peter Gerrit Smith, was the mother of Gerrit Smith, the prominent abolitionist who was married to Ann Carroll Fitzhugh. Gerrit Smith was a candidate for President of the United States in 1848, 1856, and 1860. Through his daughter Elizabeth, <mask> was the grandfather

masks:
Cady
Livingston Cady
Cady
Daniel Cady
Cady
Cady
Cady
Cady
Daniel Cady
Daniel Cady


title: Daniel Cady

texts:
 of <mask> Stanton (1842–1891), Henry Brewster Stanton, Jr. (1844–1903), Gerrit Smith Stanton (1845–1927), Theodore Weld Stanton (1851–1925; a prominent journalist), Margaret Livingston Stanton Lawrence (1852–1930), Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch (1856–1940; also a suffragist), and Robert Livingston Stanton (1859–1920). Through his daughter Harriet, he was the grandfather of <mask> Eaton (1834-1895), professor of botany at Yale College from the 1860s and the first Governor of the Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut.Notes

Bibliography
 Baker, Jean H.  Sisters: The Lives of America's Suffragists. Hill and Wang, New York, 2005. .
 Blatch, Harriot Stanton and Alma Lutz; Challenging Years: the Memoirs of Harriot Stanton Blatch; G.P. Putnam's Sons; New York, NY, 1940. Griffith, Elisabeth. In Her Own Right: The Life of <mask> Stanton. Oxford University Press; New York, NY, 1985. . External links

 Beloit College Archives
 National Park Service - Judge <mask>
 <mask> Memorial Website
 <mask> Memorial Website - Letters

1773 births
1859 deaths
Judges of the New York Court of Appeals
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state)
People from Canaan, New York
New York Supreme Court Justices
County district attorneys in New York (state)
Members of the New York State Assembly
1856 United States presidential electors
New York (state) Federalists
Livingston family
New York (state) Republicans
Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives
People from Johnstown, New York
Burials in New York (state)
American politicians with physical

masks:
Daniel Cady
Daniel Cady
Elizabeth Cady
Cady
Daniel Cady
Daniel Cady


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts:
<mask> (9 October 1754 – 2 June 1833) was a general of mediocre talent who commanded a French army for several months during the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1780 he enlisted in the French Royal Army. With the advent of the French Revolution his promotion became very rapid. In 1792 he was elected second in command of a volunteer battalion. He led his troops at Jemappes and Neerwinden. He was promoted to general of brigade in November 1793 and general of division in January 1794. A week later he was appointed commander-in-chief of the Army of the Ardennes.In May and June 1794, <mask> and Jacques Desjardin jointly led an army that tried three times to establish a foothold on the north bank of the Sambre River. After defeats in the battles of Grandreng, Erquelinnes and Gosselies, <mask> was recalled to Paris in semi-disgrace on 8 June 1794. After being unemployed for several months, he was assigned to command a series of garrisons in France and Belgium. He was governor of Maastricht from 1801 to 1814. He was buried in his hometown of Clamecy, Nièvre in 1833. His surname is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe, on Column 4. Early career
On 9 October 1754, Charbonnier was born the son of a shoemaker in Clamecy, a town in what later became the Nièvre departement.As a young man, he enlisted in the Vintimille Regiment as a simple soldier in 1780. The regiment was later renamed the 49th Line Infantry. His fellow soldiers gave him the nickname Fleur d'Orange (Orange Flower). On 18 July 1789 he joined the National Guard of

masks:
Louis Charbonnier
Charbonnier
Charbonnier


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts:
 Paris. Later that same year, he emerged as captain in the Clamecy National Guard. Soon appointed captain of a company in the 1st Nièvre Volunteer Battalion, he rose in rank to chef de bataillon (major) by the start of 1792. On 21 September 1792 he was elected second-in-command of the 21st National Volunteers Battalion.While with the Army of the North he fought under Charles François Dumouriez in the battles of Jemappes and Neerwinden. A French order of battle for Jemappes does not list the 21st Battalion. However, the 1st Nièvre Battalion served in the 14th Brigade in the Left Wing under Jean Henri Becays Ferrand. <mask> was promoted to general of brigade on 14 November 1793. Army commander

Boussu-lez-Walcourt

On 28 January 1794 <mask> was promoted again to general of division. From the same date he was appointed provisional commander of the Army of the Ardennes. He was named commander-in-chief of the army a week later, on 5 February.His chief of staff was Jean Victor Tharreau. During the winter the army's only activity was sending out foraging parties. The Army of the Ardennes was a subordinate force to the Army of the North and usually took its orders from that army's commander. On 4 April 1794, the army had 8,347 soldiers available for the field and 30,306 men in garrisons. The major garrisons were Givet and Philippeville while over 20 towns held smaller garrisons. The sole field division was led by Philippe Joseph Jacob and his brigadiers were Jean Thomas Guillaume Lorge, <mask> Dessaubaz and Jean Baptiste Augier. Opposite

masks:
Charbonnier
Charbonnier
Jean Louis


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts:
 the French army were 27,000 Habsburg Austrian and Dutch soldiers led by Franz Wenzel, Graf von Kaunitz-Rietberg.The Coalition troops were strung out from west to east, with 5,000 near Dinant, 2,000 at Florennes, 2,000 at Boussu-lez-Walcourt, 5,000 at Beaumont, 2,000 at Erquelinnes, 10,000 at Bettignies and garrisons at Namur and Charleroi. At the end of March, the Committee of Public Safety ordered <mask> to march on Namur. He received some reinforcements and assembled 15,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 15 position guns near Givet. In early April, the commander of the Army of the North Jean-Charles Pichegru directed Charbonnier to take position west of Philippeville. After a good deal of hesitation, the general finally marched his troops west to the new position on 22 April. After fighting on 26 April his troops ousted the Austrians under Joseph Binder von Degenschild from Boussu-lez-Walcourt. The tactical direction of the clash was left to the leader of the advance guard, Jean Hardy.Degenschild retreated to the Sambre River at Thuin. On the same day, Jacques Desjardin's division of the Army of the North attacked Beaumont which was farther west. On the 27th, Beaumont and Florennes were abandoned and their Coalition garrisons fell back to the Sambre. Grandreng

On 30 April 1794, the Coalition army under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld successfully concluded the Siege of Landrecies. This event nearly split the Army of the North in half. The crisis precipitated a change in French strategy. Pichegru with 70,000 troops of the


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts: left wing was directed to capture Ypres and Tournai, while Jacques Ferrand and 24,000 soldiers held the center near Guise and Maubeuge.Desjardin with the right wing of the Army of the North and <mask> with the Army of the Ardennes were ordered to mass their 60,000 men near Philippeville. This force was directed to cross the Sambre near Thuin and advance northwest toward Mons. Amazingly, Pichegru neglected to appoint a single leader for the force, relying on the two generals to cooperate. <mask> received his orders on 6 May and immediately held a conference with Desjardin, François Séverin Marceau-Desgraviers and their chiefs of staff where they drew up plans for the offensive. Shortly afterward, <mask> wanted to delay in order to get clearer instructions from Pichegru, but Desjardin emphasized that their orders were plain. In preparation, <mask> divided his 17,000-man field force into two divisions under Jacob and Marceau plus an independent detachment under Claude Vezú. The two divisions and Hardy's advanced guard were grouped into a corps under Marceau's tactical direction.For his part, Desjardin commanded three divisions, his own and those of Éloi Laurent Despeaux and Jacques Fromentin plus an advanced guard under Guillaume Philibert Duhesme. François Muller took over Desjardin's former division. The French offensive began on 10 May with an advance on the Sambre. By the 12th Kaunitz had withdrawn his forces from Merbes-le-Château into an intrenched position between Binche on the left and Grand-Reng on the right. In the Battle

masks: Charbonnier Charbonnier Charbonnier Charbonnier


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts: of Grandreng on 13 May, Muller and Despeaux assaulted Kaunitz's right flank, Fromentin attacked his center and the garrison of Maubeuge mounted a diversion. Austrian cavalry defeated Fromentin's division, then commanded by Duhesme after its commander was injured. Kaunitz counterattacked and compelled Desjardin to retreat to the south bank of the Sambre.The French suffered the loss of 4,000 men and 12 artillery pieces while Coalition losses numbered 2,800 killed, wounded and captured. During the fighting, the Army of the Ardennes divisions were inactive, leaving Desjardin's 35,000 men to fight Kaunitz's 22,000 Austrian and Dutch troops in a strong position. Screened by a handful of enemies, Jacob's division did not help though it was nearby at Buverinnes. Marceau's division, accompanied by <mask> in person, was at Fontaine-l'Évêque baking bread! After Desjardin's withdrawal, <mask>'s two idle divisions quickly followed suit. On 6 May two representatives on mission had written a letter to the Committee of Public Safety describing Charbonnier as incompetent and requesting a more experienced commander. It was probably during early May that a balloonist serving with the army overheard a weird conversation between the two commanders.<mask> complained that his soldiers were starving in their encampments. He wanted to move across the Sambre in order to get food for his troops. Desjardin agreed but noted that they must organize the operation in the correct military way. <mask> replied, "Do you think so? Good, you arrange things


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts:
 militarily; you take charge of that. For me, I'm going to take charge of eating vegetables and pumping oils." Erquelinnes

Alarmed by the panic that seized some French units on 13 May, representatives en mission <mask> de Saint-Just and Philippe-Francois-Joseph Le Bas published an order promising death to any soldier who malingered or showed cowardice.In an attempt to unify the command structure Pichegru issued an order that called the Sambre force a single corps. To concert the force's actions, he created a council composed of <mask>, Desjardin, Jean Baptiste Kléber and Barthélemy <mask> Schérer. In a reorganization, Jacob was replaced by Jean Adam Mayer, some battalions were exchanged between Mayer's and Marceau's divisions and Lorge was given command of an independent brigade called the Flankers of the Right. Soon after, Marceau became Desjardin's chief of staff and Vezú took over Marceau's division. On 20 May, the French crossed to the north bank of the Sambre and took up a position facing west with the left flank resting on Erquelinnes and the right flank at the Bonne-Espérance Abbey. The following day Kaunitz mounted an attack on the new French position. The French were chased out of Erquelinnes but later recaptured the village and stopped the Coalition attack.Kléber suggested using Mayer's unengaged division near Bonne-Espérance to launch a counterattack on Kaunitz's left flank. But since Mayer belonged to the Army of the Ardennes, Desjardin declined to give the general a direct order. The order had to pass through <mask>,

masks:
Louis Antoine
Charbonnier
Louis Joseph
Charbonnier


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts: who was so far away that it was too late to do anything. Vezú's division was at Fontaine-l'Évêque and Charbonnier was preoccupied rounding up cattle and horses. There is evidence from his correspondence that <mask> was jealous of his authority as army commander-in-chief and was reluctant to follow Pichegru's instructions. He considered his army as an autonomous force and failed to appreciate that he must cooperate with Desjardin to gain success. On 22 May, the French troops built fieldworks to fortify their position.A council of war the following day determined to send Kléber with 15,000 men on a raid north toward Nivelles. Despite this decision, Charbonnier gave orders to Vezú and Lorge to move east in the direction of Charleroi. The French generals completely ignored Kaunitz who formed his troops into five attack columns and a Dutch reserve. The assault columns rolled forward at 2:30 AM on 24 May and achieved total surprise in the Battle of Erquelinnes. On the French left, the Austrians quickly overran Erquelinnes and forced the divisions of Anne Charles Basset Montaigu (formerly Despeaux's) and Muller to recross the river to Solre-le-Sambre. Near Péchant (Peissant) Fromentin's division was also routed and fled. Hearing the guns, Kléber turned back from his mission and managed to block the Coalition pursuit long enough for Mayer's division to escape.The French lost 4,000 men, mostly prisoners, and 25 artillery pieces. Another authority estimated that the French lost 3,000 killed and wounded while the Coalition captured 2,400


title: Louis Charbonnier

texts:
 arrived on 8 June. Later career
After his recall Charbonnier was not used for a time. Returning to Clamecy in disgrace, he nevertheless remained popular in his hometown.While there, he took a prominent part in the Cult of the Supreme Being festival. Soon after, the Thermidorian Reaction resulted in the execution of Maximilien Robespierre and the fall of his government. At this time, <mask> reestablished the Clamecy Société Populaire which had been banned by Joseph Fouché and the radicals. Finally, he received instructions to take charge of the Clamecy National Guard on 7 December 1794. He became military governor of Boulogne-sur-Mer on 12 September 1795. He received temporary appointments to command Givet and Charlemont on 18 February 1796 and Liège on 3 April 1798. He served as military governor of Maastricht starting on 21 April 1801.Among his duties was the supervision of advance posts on the south bank of the Scheldt during the Walcheren Campaign of 1809. He continued in command of Maastricht until May 1814, after Napoleon's abdication. He died on 2 June 1833. Two authorities asserted that he died at Givet while another source declared that he died in his hometown of Clamecy where he was buried. Notes

References

Source:

French generals
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
People from Nièvre
1754 births
1833 deaths
Names inscribed under


title: Dave Meggett

texts:
<mask> (born April 30, 1966) is a former American football running back who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 10 seasons. He played college football at Towson and was selected by the New York Giants in the fifth round of the 1989 NFL Draft. Primarily utilized on special teams as a return specialist, he received one Pro Bowl and two first-team All-Pro selections during his six seasons with the Giants, in addition to winning a Super Bowl title in Super Bowl XXV. Meggett spent his next three seasons as a member of the New England Patriots, where he was named to a second Pro Bowl. In his final season, he played for the New York Jets. Meggett retired with a then-record 3,708 punt return yards, which are the second-most in NFL history. Involved in several legal problems during and after his playing career, Meggett was convicted in 2010 on burglary and criminal sexual conduct charges.He is currently serving a 30-year prison sentence at Lieber Correctional Institution in South Carolina. Professional career
Meggett was used frequently as both a rusher and a receiver in his NFL career, but was primarily used to return kickoffs and punts on special teams. He led the league in punt return yards (582) in his rookie season, while gaining 577 kickoff return yards, 531 receiving yards, and 117 rushing yards, earning him a trip to the Pro Bowl. Meggett led the NFL in punt return yards again in his second season (467), helping the Giants record a 13–3 regular season record and a 20–19 victory over the Buffalo Bills in Super Bowl XXV. During the 1990 postseason Meggett saw his duties increase when starting running back Rodney Hampton went down with


title: Dave Meggett

texts:
 an injury. Splitting time with veteran back Ottis Anderson, he had a solid performance in the Super Bowl, recording 129 all-purpose yards (48 rushing, 18 receiving, 37 punt return, 26 kickoff return). After four more seasons with New York, Meggett signed with the Patriots in 1995.In 1996, he had the best season of his career, recording 1,966 all-purpose yards, earning his second trip to the Pro Bowl, and helped New England gain a berth in Super Bowl XXXI. Although his team lost the game 35–21 to the Green Bay Packers, his performance was solid, recording 155 total yards (117 kick return, 30 punt return, eight receiving). Meggett spent one more year with the Patriots before joining the New York Jets in 1998, and then retiring at season's end. In his ten NFL seasons, Meggett amassed 1,648 rushing yards, 336 receptions for 3,083 yards, 3,708 punt return yards, and 5,566 yards returning kickoffs. In total, Meggett gained 14,005 all-purpose yards and scored 29 touchdowns (eight rushing, 11 receiving, seven punt returns, one kickoff return).. He also completed four of eight passes for 114 yards and four touchdowns..

At the time of his retirement, his 3,709 punt return yards were the most in NFL history; he has since been passed by Brian Mitchell. Subsequent to his NFL career, Meggett was an assistant coach at American International College for over two years, and then moved to North Carolina.Personal life and prison sentence
Meggett has nine children, including Davin <mask>, who grew up in Clinton, Maryland. He went to Surrattsville High School and played football at the University of Maryland. Meggett was one of the favorite players of coach Bill


title: Mihai Codreanu

texts:
<mask> (; July 25, 1876 – October 23, 1957) was a Romanian poet, particularly noted for his sonnets. A native and lifelong resident of Iași, he published his first volume of verse in 1901, followed by another two years later that solidified his reputation. Aside from another book of sonnets in 1914 and two during the 1920s, he authored three highly successful translations of French plays. He also edited a series of newspapers and wrote widely for an array of literary reviews. Attracted to the stage from early on, he led and reformed the main theatre in his city for several years after World War I, and during the 1930s presided over the arts school in Iași. Beginning in 1905, he suffered from an eye disease that soon left him unable to read or write, tasks that he accomplished through intermediaries. Biography

Origins and education
He was born in Iași.His father <mask> Costache <mask>, a native of Târgu Ocna, was a judge and a Latin teacher at the National College who died of tuberculosis in September 1877. His mother Natalia was born in 1843 to Dimitrie Mânzariu, who later changed the family name to Mârzescu; she worked as an inspector at a maternity hospital. Her brother was Gheorghe Mârzescu, while <mask>'s first cousin was Gheorghe Gh. Mârzescu. He attended secondary school from 1887 to 1894 in Iași, Bacău and Bucharest, and probably moved around schools due to poor conduct. <mask>'s poetic debut came in Lumea ilustrată magazine in 1891. From 1896 to 1900 he studied at the law faculty of the University of Iași, also taking courses

masks:
Mihai Codreanu
Mihail
Codreanu
Mihai
Codreanu


title: Mihai Codreanu

texts:
 in medicine, philosophy and philology.His thesis focused on the patria potestas in Roman and Romanian law. He studied declamation at the Iași Conservatory from 1897 to 1899. In the summer of 1899, after graduation but before receiving his diploma, he attended a theatrical performance by State Dragomir, and began whistling to express his disapproval. An outraged Dragomir demanded punishment; the school's leadership met to discuss its options, and resumed its investigation in autumn. Finally, the Education Ministry decided to withhold his diploma for two years. Poetic debut and rising reputation

<mask> took private lessons in dramatic arts with Eugène Silvain at Paris in 1900. While there, he saw a performance of Cyrano de Bergerac and decided to write a translation after receiving written permission from Edmond Rostand.Work on the project went slowly, but he published it in 1920 to great enthusiasm in the cultural milieu; the play premiered in Iași in 1928. Other translations, which sold widely, include Jean Richepin's La Martyre (1901) and Rostand's La Princesse lointaine (1903). Both translations were successfully staged for many years at the Iași National Theatre. In spite of an adolescence spent dreaming of an actor's career, <mask>'s only role on stage came in 1912, when he appeared in his translation of La Martyre. His first volume of poetry, Diafane ("Diaphanous Forms"), was published in 1901. He convinced Titu Maiorescu to write a preface for the Charles Baudelaire- and <mask> Eminescu-influenced verses. The resultant piece

masks: Codreanu Codreanu Mihail


title: Mihai Codreanu

texts:
 edited newspapers in his native city, including Noutatea și Propaganda (1897–1898), Liberalul (1904–1906) and the newly established Mișcarea (1909); not coincidentally, his cousin Mârzescu was director at Liberalul in the same period, and founded Mișcarea. In 1908, he was among the founding members of the Romanian Writers' Society. Magazines that published his work include Viața, Evenimentul, Viața Românească, Flacăra, Convorbiri Literare, Adevărul literar și artistic and Revista Fundațiilor Regale. Viața Românească was especially important in advancing his reputation, and his Statui appeared at its publishing house. A prolific writer, his articles ranged from filler articles about how to catch rats, to political and literary analyses and reflections on patriotism, education and morals.In 1914, he became a substitute professor at the conservatory, where he taught diction, expressive reading and criticism; he was full professor from 1920 to 1938. His mother died in January 1916. While Iași, where Mârzescu was serving as mayor, would soon become the temporary capital of Romania during World War I, <mask>'s poetry was untouched by the dramatic events taking place around him. Around this period, he lived in a small old apartment in the yard of what is now the Union Museum. Theatre director

From 1919 to 1923, <mask> headed the Iași National Theatre, taking over from his friend <mask> Sadoveanu. Following the creation of Greater Romania, he saw the theatre's mission as the propagation of a national culture in an enlarged state where part


title: Mihai Codreanu

texts: of the population had only tenuous links to the national consciousness. After sending his troupe of actors on an extended tour throughout the Moldavia region, he accepted an invitation from Tiberiu Brediceanu to have the actors perform in Transylvania, newly emerged from Austro-Hungarian rule.They also reached Cernăuți, the capital of formerly Austrian Bukovina, where they helped inaugurate a national theatre. Additionally, <mask> reformed the way the theatre operated: instead of having plays rotate after four or five shows, he kept only the best parts of the repertoire and divided the troupe in two (one for comedy and drama, the other for tragedy). In his second year as director, the theatre turned a profit for the first time. As a result, actors and playwrights became much better paid and their professions rose in prestige. He also obtained funds for repairing the building, badly worn out during the war. <mask> served as general inspector of theatres in 1924, and returned to head the theatre on an interim basis from January to November 1928. Meanwhile, he wrote Cântecul deșertăciunii ("The Song of Vanity", 1921), praised by Ibrăileanu but scorned by Lovinescu.In the event, he went on to become the second winner of an annual national prize for poetry in 1925. In 1927, Sadoveanu persuaded him and Păstorel Teodoreanu to join the Cantemir Lodge of the Romanian Freemasonry; the three were also linked through membership in the Viața Românească circle. After the review moved to Bucharest, its place in the cultural life of Iași was taken in

masks: Codreanu Codreanu


title: Mihai Codreanu

texts:
 1936 by Însemnări ieșene, which he co-directed with Sadoveanu from 1937. His last volume of original sonnets was the 1929 Turnul de fildeș ("The Ivory Tower") and in 1939, he published Statui. Sonete și evadări din sonet ("Statues. Sonnets and Escapes from the Sonnet"), which collected his prior work while adding a few new sonnets. He was the conservatory's acting rector in 1932, and held the post in his own right from 1933 to 1939, once again showing his skills as an administrator.Mature years and legacy
In 1942, he was elected a corresponding member of the Romanian Academy, from which he was purged by the new communist regime in 1948. Near the end of his life, he published Sonete ("Sonnets"), a volume of selected sonnets, with the help of Teodoreanu. In the intervening decades since his last original book in 1939, his writing was confined to magazines. His distinctions included: House Order of Hohenzollern, first class (1914); chevalier of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques (1921); the Légion d'Honneur (1929) and the Order of Labor, first class (1956). He died in 1957, and was buried in Eternitatea cemetery. <mask>'s first marriage, in April 1906, was to Sofia Betina Veker, who also served as secretary and caregiver. She died in 1946, and the 70-year-old widower quickly married Ecaterina Hare, a 35-year-old native of Bravicea in Bessarabia who had worked as his housekeeper since age 19.Arriving illiterate in his home, she managed to complete fourth grade, with a low passing score, in 1940. In addition to caring for her aged husband,


title: Mihai Codreanu

texts:
 she kept his personal objects in their original state after he died. He is rumored to have fathered a love child, but this individual, who became a university professor, denied the story his entire life. From 1934, until his death, <mask> lived in a house called Vila Sonet, built on land donated to him the year before by the Iași authorities in recognition of his achievements. (Sadoveanu sold rather than build a house on an adjacent plot he was given, saying he did not wish to live in <mask>'s backyard.) Since 1970, the house has been a museum almost entirely preserved as it was during his lifetime, including his personal library, office, dining room and bedroom. Codreanu walked around with a cane; the one kept in the museum was reportedly used during his Masonic initiation, and conceals a 70-cm blade of Toledo steel that he used to defend himself from drunkards and the jealous husbands of the women who thronged around him.Once, it was stolen while he was with a prostitute in a brothel, but it was later recovered. Bibliography
Puterea părintească în dreptul roman și român (doctoral thesis), Iași, 1900
Diafane, Iași, 1901
Din când în când. Poezii (1901–1903), Iași, 1903
Martira (verse drama in five acts), translated from Jean Richepin, Bucharest, 1903
Prințesa-ndepărtată (verse play in four acts), translated from Edmond Rostand, Bucharest, 1903
Statui. Sonete, Iași, 1914
Cyrano de Bergerac (heroic comedy in five verse acts), translated from Edmond Rostand, Iași, 1920
Cântecul deșertăciunii, Iași, 1921
Turnul de fildeș, Bucharest,


title: Mihai Codreanu

texts:
 1929
Statui. Sonete și evadări din sonet, Bucharest, 1939
Sonete, Bucharest, 1957

Notes

References
 "Nostalgii ieșene: <mask> Codreanu – amurgul solitarului", in Constelații ieșene, year III, nr. 3-4 (11–12), October–December 2008, p. 5–7

1876 births
1957 deaths
Writers from Iași
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
Sonneteers
Romanian newspaper editors
Romanian magazine editors
Romanian translators
Romanian Freemasons
Romanian theatre managers and producers
Rectors of universities in Romania
Corresponding members of the Romanian Academy
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Blind people from Romania
Burials at Eternitatea cemetery
Romanian male poets
20th-century Romanian poets
20th-century translators
20th-century Romanian male


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
<mask> (November 11, 1893 – October 31, 1976) was an American pioneer of aviation, being the second man to pilot a fixed-wing aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean, from New York to the European mainland, while carrying the first transatlantic passenger. Early years
<mask> was born on November 11, 1893, in the small town of Denison, Iowa, to <mask> and <mask>. Elzie, or "EC" as he was known around Denison, was the local jeweler and the owner of the first automobile in Denison. This automobile was notorious throughout Crawford County for the racket it emitted while in operation. Indeed, maintenance of the vehicle was a near constant endeavor; however, it was in maintaining the family automobile that <mask> first developed an interest in all things mechanical. Additionally, he found great delight in using his mechanical skills to repair the clocks and watches that would be brought into his father's jewelry shop on an almost daily basis. It was also in Denison that Chamberlin would see his first airplane, an early pusher type plane, which had put on a show for a Firemen's Convention that had been held in Denison.From that moment, a desire grew within Chamberlin to one day take to the skies. Schooling
After completing his education in the Denison Public Schools system in 1912, he enrolled at the Denison Normal and Business College. While at Denison Normal and Business College, <mask> took college prep courses to help him in his pursuit of a degree in Electrical Engineering at Iowa State College in Ames, Iowa. During his time at the College, in addition to his classes and in order to pay for those

masks:
Clarence Duncan Chamberlin
Clarence Duncan Chamberlin
Elzie Clarence
Jessie Duncan Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 classes, Chamberlin worked nights as a tender for the Ft. Dodge, Des Moines, and Southern Railroad Company in the railroad's electrical power sub-station in Ankeny, Iowa. In order to do this, <mask> found himself forced to live on trains, where he would study, eat, and sleep during travel between work and classes. However, in 1914, Chamberlin, as a college sophomore, left Denison Normal and Business College, to run a Harley-Davidson dealership in town.Before World War I
Under the control of <mask>, the Harley-Davidson dealership thrived. As the owner of the dealership, <mask> had the opportunity to utilize his mechanical knowledge to both repair and sell the motorcycles. In 1915, <mask> was offered a job by Charles W. Tabor, one of Denison's more prominent citizens, to serve as a chauffeur on a six-month trip through the southwest and to San Francisco for the World's Fair. It was on this six-month trip that <mask> would discover (and rediscover) two of his lifelong loves. In addition to meeting Wilda Bogert of Independence, Iowa, who would later become his wife; it was in San Francisco that <mask> would rediscover his passion for flying. It was in San Francisco that <mask> saw his second airplane, an early style flying boat that was carrying passengers at $25.00 per head. When he told Tabor of his intention to take a ride on the plane, Tabor replied "You can risk your fool neck in one of those some other time, but right now I've got a lot more places on the coast that I want to visit, what's more, I don't intend looking around for another driver to get me back home."While the opportunity

masks: Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 was lost, the passion was not. When he returned to Denison in 1916, he expanded the motorcycle business by adding a line of REO automobiles and Diamond tires to his dealership. In addition to hiring two more staff members, Chamberlin added a service station for cars, motorcycles, and tire repair. Tire repair ended up being the most profitable aspect of the business. World War I
In 1917, <mask> decided to finally pursue his dream of flying. On Thanksgiving Day, he traveled to Omaha where he enlisted with the Army Signal Corps as an aviator. However, he was told that aviation was too crowded at that time, and he was encouraged to pursue a career as a military balloonist.<mask> declined; he didn't want to float, he wanted to fly. Returning to Denison, he waited for a position to open up at the military's flying school. His dream to become an aviator would finally come true on March 16, 1918, when he received orders to report to the School of Military Aeronautics at Champaign, Illinois, where the Aviation Ground School had been established at the University of Illinois. Following his time at the Ground School, he reported to Chanute Field, Illinois, where he continued his aviation education. <mask>'s flying ability progressed rapidly under the tutelage of his military instructors and on July 15, 1918, <mask> received a commission as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Army Signal Corps. Soon after his promotion he became an instructor himself until November 1, 1918, when he received orders to proceed to Hoboken, New Jersey, where he would await his deployment overseas. When he arrived in Hoboken on

masks: Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 November 11 he was greeted by the news that the Great War had ended.Return to Denison
On January 2, 1919, <mask> married his sweetheart, Wilda Bogert and then later that year on July 2, he was honorably discharged from military service. By the time of his discharge, he had come to the realization that aviation was something he wanted to do for the rest of his life. Acting upon this realization, he ordered a newly designed airplane by famed aviator Giuseppe Mario Bellanca for $4,000. However, this plane would not be completely constructed or delivered for another 14 months, so, upon the urging of his father, Chamberlin returned to Denison to help run the family jewelry store. However, Chamberlin soon grew tired of the jewelry business and expanded the store's inventory to include "talking machines" which he eventually found himself traveling around the county selling. For all intents and purposes, Chamberlin was content until one day he heard an airplane flying overhead. Upon running outside to catch a glimpse of the plane, he decided that his was not a life destined to run a jewelry store or to sell "talking machines;" he could no longer deny that flying was in his blood.That next spring <mask> closed his bank account and, along with his wife, moved back east to await the delivery of his long-awaited plane. Barnstorming
When the Bellanca Model CE airplane finally arrived, <mask> discovered that while it had a smaller engine than he had expected, it could fly faster, land slower, and even carry a passenger beside the pilot. It was with this plane that he hoped to make a living

masks: Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 "barnstorming" across the country. "Barnstorming" involved flying over towns at low altitudes multiple times to catch the attention of the townsfolk. When the pilot finally landed, usually in an open field near the town, the townsfolk would oftentimes come out to see the pilot who would then give folks the opportunity to go up in his plane, for a price of course. <mask>, for straight and easy flying, charged $15 per ride, and for the more daring who wanted "the works" his price was $25. Eventually, his Bellanca did catch on fire; luckily, he had insurance on the plane and they gave him a standard biplane to replace his burned out Bellanca.To supplement his income from "barnstorming" and to help cover his many expenses, <mask> worked as a flight instructor, an air-mail pilot, and an aerial photographer. Additionally, he and a partner would buy surplus Army planes, restore them, and then sell them and split the profits. However, all of these sources of income proved barely enough to keep up with his and his wife's expenses. Yet, fortune would soon smile upon them in the form of aviation success. The endurance record and the Orteig Prize

During his years as a barnstormer, <mask> had earned a reputation across the country as a hot shot pilot due to his superb performances in several air races around the country. Even a rather spectacular incident in the 1925 New York International Air Races, where he had crashed his plane after striking some telephone wires, served only to enhance his credibility with the American public. Yet <mask> aspired to even greater heights of public fame; he wanted


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 to win the Orteig Prize, a $25,000 reward offered by New York hotel owner Raymond Orteig to the first aviator(s) to fly non-stop from New York City to Paris.However, before he could attempt such a flight, he needed to show that he could stay up in the air long enough to cover the 3,530 miles from NYC to Paris. <mask> would do this by breaking the endurance record for flight, which at that time, was held by Drouhin and Landry of France who had stayed in the air for 45 hours, 11 minutes, and 59 seconds of continual flight. On Tuesday, April 12, 1927, <mask>, along with friend and fellow aviator Bert Acosta, took off from Roosevelt Field in New York at 9:30 a.m. Loaded with 375 gallons of fuel and other necessities, the Bellanca-Wright plane (which would later be renamed the "Miss Columbia") cruised back and forth over Long Island, New York. While the flight was marred with difficulties, including accidentally triggered gasoline cut-off valves and a lack of water for the pilots, it ultimately proved successful. On April 14, 51 hours, 11 minutes, and 25 seconds after takeoff, <mask> and Acosta finally landed having exceeded the Frenchmen's record by nearly 6 hours. "The craft had flown approximately 4,100 miles, about 500 miles further than that needed for a New York to Paris flight and the $25,000 Raymond Orteig Prize." However, as <mask> so bluntly stated, "Bert and I had won a record, but had not won the right to fly the Bellanca to Paris.""Miss Columbia"

The "Miss Columbia" was the monoplane Wright-Bellanca WB-2 which <mask> would use to break the endurance record for flight in 1927 and

masks: Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts: later that same year make his famous trans-Atlantic flight. The plane was designed by Giuseppe Bellanca who had been commissioned by the Wright Aeronautical Corporation to produce a plane for their new J-5 "Whirlwind" engine. While the Wright-Bellanca, as it was referred to in its early days, appeared to be "just another straightforward high-wing monoplane with clean if rather angular lines" it, unlike others of its class, was able to lift a huge payload. This was due mainly to two features: "a profiled fuselage and wide aerofoil-section wing struts, both [of which] contribut[ed] considerably to [the plane's] total lift. Prior to Chamberlin's successful endurance flight, the Wright-Bellanca was purchased by Charles A. Levine, the wealthy, millionaire salvage dealer and the president of the Columbia Aircraft Corporation. However, Charles Lindbergh himself tried to buy the plane before Chamberlin's endurance flight. Levine refused Lindbergh's offer.Soon after its purchase, the "aeroplane was christened Miss Columbia by two little girls who performed the ceremony with ginger ale. Afterwards they were treated to a joy-ride by <mask>." However, the joy ride almost ended in tragedy when part of the undercarriage tore loose on take-off, but Chamberlin was able to safely and skillfully land the plane. The Miss Columbia holds the distinction of not only being the first plane to carry a trans-Atlantic passenger, but it also holds the distinction of being the first plane to make the trans-Atlantic crossing twice. Three years after its record breaking flight with Chamberlin, the newly renamed "Maple


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts: temporary restraining order preventing the Columbia from lifting off without him." Indeed, the court injunction against Levine and the "Miss Columbia" allowed Charles Lindbergh and his "Spirit of St. Louis" to take off for his Trans-Atlantic flight before <mask>. On May 19, Lindbergh even met with <mask> who gave him his weather charts for the Atlantic Ocean and on May 20, Lindbergh took off for Paris and his date with destiny. <mask>, on the other hand, was still grounded by the court injunction and bad weather. When the court injunction was finally dropped, thanks to personal appeals from the plane's creator Giuseppe Bellanca, it was too late for the "Miss Columbia" and <mask> to be the first to make the historic Trans-Atlantic flight.Soon after this, Bellanca severed ties with Levine and announced that his "sole concern [had been] to prove that [his] plane, built in America and manned by Americans, could successfully make the New York-to-Paris flight… adding another stage to the experimental development of aviation in this country." However, while the injunction had been dropped, two questions remained to be answered: who would fly with <mask>? And what was the purpose of their flight going to be now that Lindbergh had beaten them for the Orteig Prize? Even <mask>'s participation in the flight seemed uncertain. Levine had started to entertain doubts about <mask>, not because of his flying ability, but about his homely appearance, fearing he might not be photogenic enough to get much publicity. Thankfully, Levine decided to keep <mask>, even with his homely looks. It was soon decided by

masks: Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts: the two men that since they could not achieve the distinction of being the first to cross the Atlantic via airplane, they would instead work to achieve the distance record and blow Lindbergh out of the water… or in this case, the sky.Exactly two weeks after Lindbergh's historic flight, the "Miss Columbia" was ready to take to the skies. The plane was grossly overloaded with 455 gallons of gasoline, food, water, and instrumentation, but in order for <mask> to beat the distance record, the overloading was a necessary evil. On June 4, 1927, <mask> was ready to begin his historic flight from Roosevelt Field; however, the plane still lacked a navigator. The plane was about to take off and <mask> still lacked a co-pilot. Literally minutes before the plane was to take off, the engine was even ticking over, Levine, who had been at the airfield with his wife to send off Chamberlin, made "as if to close the cabin door [but instead] suddenly climbed in to occupy the second seat… and without a single word of explanation either to his wife or to officials on the airfield, Levine gave the order for departure." Thus <mask> and the first Trans-Atlantic passenger took off into the history books. Yet, from the beginning there were difficulties.Fog and strong winds soon caused the "Miss Columbia" to fly southward off course, even though they were able to roughly maintain a flight plan similar to that of Lindbergh's. However, as they were approaching the European continent they had a stroke of good luck in that they spotted the famous Cunard liner . The ship had been on its way from Southampton to New York


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts: and utilizing a copy of the New York Times they had on board the plane they were able to ascertain the Mauretanias sailing date and thus calculate their position and realign themselves on a trajectory towards England and within hours, they had land in sight. However, as soon as they reached Germany, they became lost once again. Urged on by Levine to reach Berlin, Chamberlin pushed the plane to the extreme. When the fuel finally ran out, they were forced to put down at Helfta near Eisleben at 5:35 A.M. (local time) after a non-stop flight of 3,911 miles in 42 hours 45 minutes, having beaten Lindbergh's record by just over 300 miles. Upon landing the locals gave the aviators some fuel and some really bad directions which forced them to take yet another emergency landing which shattered their wooden propeller."One day and one new airscrew later, the "Miss Columbia" landed in Berlin to the cheers of 150,000 people." After the ceremony, "<mask> was informed that his mother was calling him from Omaha, Nebraska. It had been arranged by the American Telegraph Company and the Chicago Daily News… [and while] it was not a direct connection, <mask> would talk to the operator in London [who would] relay the message to Mrs. E. C<mask> [and vice versa]. It was believed, at that time, that the call was the longest distance phone call ever completed." Following their successful landing and reception in Berlin, "they set off on a short tour of European capitals visiting Munich, Vienna, Budapest, Prague, Warsaw, and Zurich. Then they finally left for Paris, reaching the French capital on the last day of

masks:
Chamberlin
Chamberlin
. Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 June. During the month since leaving New York on the 4th they had covered a grand total of 6,320 miles."In Paris, Levine disclosed his plans to <mask> to return by air to New York. "Well aware of the foolhardiness of such a scheme, <mask> wisely elected to return by sea and Levine began to look for another pilot." Levine had no luck in finding anyone foolhardy enough to take up the task, so he decided to do it himself. Levine, who had absolutely no flight experience, went rogue and took his plane into the sky heading for London. His scheme had aerodrome officials on both sides of the English Channel frantic. After several failed attempts and near-misses, Levine was able to put down at the Croydon airfield. He then prudently made the decision to return with the plane to New York via ship.Flying off the Leviathan
Returning to America by boat, the  of the U.S. Lines, Chamberlin again made history. While on board, U.S. Line officials questioned him "about the feasibility of using airplanes in conjunction [with] ships like the Leviathan, to hop off from the deck with an airplane as the ocean liner neared port, thus speeding up the delivery of mail and possibly passengers who were in a hurry and willing to pay for being ashore even as much as a day before the vessel docked." Chamberlin responded in the affirmative and upon docking in Boston construction began, under the supervision of Chamberlin, on a runway for the Leviathans deck. "On July 31, 1927, a Wright Aeronautical Service airplane with a Wright Whirlwind Engine was loaded aboard the Leviathan. On August 1, the ship headed out to sea

masks:
Chamberlin
Clarence Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 accompanied by three Coast Guard destroyers, to be situated in various positions from the ocean liner in case they were needed for rescue." After the rains slackened, the seas calmed down, and all of the reporters were seasick, Chamberlin attempted takeoff. "The Leviathan's 19 knot speed and the wind blowing gave a component air flow straight up the runway, down which the takeoff would be attempted.<mask> had expected to use the entire runway, but at about three-fourths of the way the plane was flung into the air by up-thrusting winds turned skyward by the sides of the big ocean liner." <mask>'s original destination was Teterboro Airport in Teterboro, New Jersey. Unfortunately, thick fog forced him to take a detour to Curtiss Field where he waited an hour for the fog to lift. He then took off for Teterboro Airport to deliver the "first ship-to-shore mail." He was greeted at the airfield by all 17 inhabitants of Teterboro and 15,000 others. After 1927
Following his extremely active aviation exploits in 1927, <mask> was considered one of the seven greatest flyers in the world. However, his days of breaking records were behind him; now, he was in the business of designing and selling planes."<mask>'s Aircraft Plant produced a line of aircraft that he'd intended airlines to use to transport passengers to all parts of the United States." The Chamberlin Eight-Seater, or the Crescent Aircraft as it was more commonly known, "was an improved airplane incorporating designs that his ample flying experience had shown him were needed for a better aircraft." The plane could carry eight passengers in

masks:
Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Clarence Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 addition to the pilot and it even featured "rest room facilities for the comfort of the passengers." During the 1930s, <mask> traveled around the United States in his 26-passenger Curtiss Condor CO plane giving rides to people, not so much as a "barnstormer" but as more of a hobbyist. His Curtiss Condor at the time was the largest passenger carrying airship in the United States which landed on earth. Only the China Clipper, which could only land on water, and the Army bomber, which could not carry passengers, exceeded the Curtiss Condor in size. "His purpose for [traveling around the United States was] to take passengers for short flights at a nominal fee as a means of popularizing travel in passenger ships."In 1936, <mask> and Wilda were divorced. Later that year, <mask> "brought [one of his Curtiss Condors] to Maine to display it at an air show where he held a contest to find a young lady to use for promotional purposes and to be a stewardess." Louise Ashby, daughter of the Maine Governor at the time, entered the contest and, for the both of them, it was love at first sight. <mask> asked Louise to marry him the very next day. Chamberlin Day
"On August 24, 1930, a Chamberlin Day took place at the Weberg brothers' airport [in Denison], which at that time was known as ‘Weberg Airways Inc.'" Around 18,000 people came out to airfield to wish Chamberlin well and to celebrate the airfield's renaming as Chamberlin Field. Entertainment consisted of around 46 planes taking part in aerial maneuvers and races accompanied by several town bands, bugle corps, and drum lines providing musical

masks: Chamberlin Clarence Chamberlin Clarence


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 accompaniment. Later years and death
Over the course of the next few decades, Chamberlin remained busy with a diverse array of projects.In addition to taking time to write a semi-autobiographical book entitled in Record Flights, he also "trained workers in his aircraft factory to work in defense plants during World War II, giving the plants skilled workers. He trained several thousand such workers, [which greatly] assist[ed] the war effort." Chamberlin continued to fly, sell, and tinker with airplanes after WWII. However, age eventually grounded him and forced him into retirement. In 1970, the town of Denison hosted a Flight Fair at the new Denison Municipal Airport to honor native aviators <mask> and Charles Fink and to celebrate the airfield's new designation as Chamberlin-Fink Field (Fink was a resident of the Denison-Deloit area that served as an airplane commander on one of the three B-52s to make the first jet-powered non-stop round the globe flight in 1957). <mask> was unable to attend. In the years prior to 1977, Denison had planned to invite <mask> to return to Denison for the celebration of the 50th anniversary of his Trans-Atlantic flight, but on October 31, 1976, <mask> died due to complications from a routine flu shot.He was buried at Lawn Cemetery in Huntington, Connecticut. Family life
<mask> married Wilda Bogert of Independence, Iowa on January 3, 1919. They would remain married until 1936. Later that same year, <mask> married Louise Ashby (1907–2000), a young teacher, who he had met during a barnstorming trip up to Maine. He'd go on to adopt her son, Philip (1925–2011),

masks:
Clarence Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 and the family welcomed two new additions with the births of Clarisse (b. 1940) and Kathy (b. 1942).Aviation records (selected)
April 14, 1927 - Endurance Flight...51 hours, 11 minutes, and 25 seconds
June 4–6, 1927 - First Transatlantic Passenger Flight (Charles A. Levine, passenger)
June 4–6, 1927 - Distance Flight...3,905 miles
Summer 1927 - First Ship-to-Shore Flight off of the

Record Flights
Record Flights was written shortly after his Trans-Atlantic flight and published in 1928. The book was generally well received by the public and well-reviewed by critics. The book covered a diversity of topics other than the Trans-Atlantic flight including his hopes, accomplishments, failures, and even some speculation as to what had happened to pilots who had disappeared over the ocean. In the 1940s, he published a revised version of the book that included information about his adventures after the trans-Atlantic flight and his efforts during World War II. On the cover, the newly revised book read Record Flights Book One, and below it, a second title was Give ‘em Hell Book Two. Documentary
<mask>: Fly First & Fight Afterward, a documentary by independent filmmaker Billy Tooma, covers, in great depth, <mask>'s life and historic transatlantic flight. The film saw its world première on April 21, 2011 at the Myrtle Beach International Film Festival and was nominated for the National Aviation Hall of Fame's 2011 Combs-Gates Award.The documentary was recut in 2017, in honor of the 90th anniversary of <mask>'s flight, and re-released under its new title. Legacy
Honored in the Aviation Hall of Fame at

masks:
Clarence Chamberlin
Chamberlin
Chamberlin


title: Clarence Chamberlin

texts:
 Dayton, Ohio. Honored in the Iowa Aviation Hall of Fame. The <mask> D. Chamberlin House is on the National Register of Historic Places. Notes

External links

<mask>lin bibliography
Air Racing History: <mask>
Early Aviators: <mask>lin
Des Moines Register: <mask>

Aviators from Iowa
National Aviation Hall of Fame inductees
People from Denison, Iowa
1893 births
1976 deaths
Flight endurance record holders
American aviation record

masks:
Clarence
Clarence Chamber
Clarence Chamberlin
Clarence Chamber
Clarence Chamberlin


title: María Dolores Katarain

texts:
<mask> (14 May 1954 – 10 September 1986), also known as Yoyes, was an iconic woman leader of Basque separatist group ETA (Euskadi Ta Askatasuna), who became a symbol because of the tragic circumstances of her life. Yoyes was the first woman to enter the senior ETA leadership, but she decided to leave the organisation to start a new life. Her former comrades regarded her as a traitor and she was killed by ETA in 1986 in her home town of Ordizia, during a local festival, in front of her three-year-old son. The killing led to unprecedented criticism of ETA in the Basque Country. Early life
<mask> was born in Ordizia, Gipuzkoa, on 14 May 1954. Her parents were Luis Gonzalez and <mask>; and she was the second of nine children. Her paternal grandfather owned the grocery store in the town, where Yoyes would sometimes help out on breaks from school.Her family lived on the outskirts of Ordizia in a house called Goitine. According to her schoolfriend, Elixabete Garmendia, Yoyes always had a sense of responsibility. "She was pretty reserved but she had a way of making deep connections with people. She wanted to talk about books and ideas - she was very curious about the world around her." ETA

Yoyes grew up in Francoist Spain, a dictatorship in which basic freedoms were restricted and there was no right to protest. In the Basque Country, which had its own language and traditions, there were restrictions on the use of the Basque language and the Basque flag was banned. ETA was regarded by the Franco regime as a terrorist organisation, but to many young people in the Basque Country, it seemed like a noble revolutionary movement prepared to fight to topple a dictator and achieve socialism.Yoyes

masks:
María Dolores González Katarain
Dolores Gonzalez Katarain
Angelita Katarain


title: Abraham Jefferson Seay

texts:
<mask> (November 28, 1832 – December 12, 1915) was an American lawyer, soldier, judge, and politician. Seay attained the rank of colonel in the Union army during the American Civil War. Later, Seay would serve as an associate justice on Oklahoma Territory's supreme court and as the second governor of the Oklahoma Territory. Early life and Civil War
<mask> was born to Cam and Lucy J<mask> at Amherst Court House, Amherst County, Virginia on November 28, 1832. <mask>'s family descended from English ancestry, with Seay able to trace his family to settlers who came to North America during the landing at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1642. At the age of three, <mask>'s father moved his family to Osage County, Missouri, where Seay's father started a farm and experimented in agriculture. During the winter of 1853 to 1854, Seay, at the age of 21, began working on the construction of Missouri Pacific Railroad.Seay used the money he earned from the railroad towards gaining an education. In the spring of 1855, Seay enrolled at the Steelville Academy. His time at the academy was cut short when his father's death forced him to return home and assist his mother in caring for the farm and raising his ten other brothers and sisters. Despite this, Seay's time was alternated between teaching a public school and working on the farm. During his brief time at Steelville, Seay found an interest in law. He would spend years reading law materials at irregular intervals until in August, 1860, <mask> moved to Cherryville, Missouri where he entered a law office. Within months of the move, <mask>, in April, 1861 at the age of 29, was admitted to the Missouri bar association.<mask> would not have much time to enjoy his new position. The same month Seay passed the bar exam, fighting began in the American Civil War. Immediately <mask> enlisted as a volunteer in the Union army. As a

masks:
Abraham Jefferson Seay
Abraham Jefferson Seay
. Seay
Seay
Seay
Seay
Seay
Seay
Seay