title: Mary Jo Kopechne

texts:
<mask> (; July 26, 1940 – July 18 or 19, 1969) was an American secretary, and one of the campaign workers for U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign, a close team known as the "Boiler Room Girls". In 1969, she died in a car accident on Chappaquiddick Island, while being driven by U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy. Early life and education
Kopechne was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, although she is sometimes described as being from nearby Forty Fort, Pennsylvania. She was the only child of <mask>, an insurance salesman, and Gwen (née Jennings), a homemaker. Kopechne was of part Polish heritage through her father.Her grandfathers both worked as coal miners in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. Her family history in the Wyoming Valley area of northeastern Pennsylvania goes back 250 years on her maternal side. When Kopechne was an infant, her family moved to Berkeley Heights, New Jersey. She was raised Catholic and attended parochial schools. She graduated with a degree in business administration from Caldwell College for Women in 1962. Career
Kopechne was inspired by President <mask>. Kennedy's inaugural command "Ask what you can do for your country". After graduation, Kopechne moved to Montgomery, Alabama, for a year at the Mission of St. Jude, which participated in the Civil Rights Movement.She also taught at Montgomery Catholic High School. She taught business classes in typing and shorthand, and was an advisor to the school newspaper. One former student recalled her as
"a petite strawberry blonde with pep in her step. She had confidence and a zest for life that was intriguing. ... She was humble and kind, and stood firm in her beliefs. ... Tough, but fun in the classroom, creating speed challenges, expecting accuracy, and rewarding generously." By 1963, Kopechne relocated to Washington, D. C., to work as secretary for United States Senator George Smathers (D-FL).She joined the secretarial staff of Senator Robert F. Kennedy (D-NY), following his

masks:
Mary Jo Kopechne
Joseph Kopechne
John F


title: Mary Jo Kopechne

type: original

texts:
 1968, Kopechne did work on the re-election campaign of Senator <mask>. Clark, Jr. (D-PA), who eventually lost. She was also assigned to recruit volunteers in Colorado for former Governor Stephen McNichols's run for the Senate against incumbent Senator Peter H. Dominick (R). McNichols lost his run, and Kopechne returned to Washington, D. C. By mid-1969, she had completed work for the eventually successful mayoral campaign of Thomas J. Whelan in Jersey City, New Jersey. She was on her way to a successful professional career; one of the political professionals who worked with her in Jersey City characterized her as "an exceptionally hard-working and skillful professional who knew her craft". Kopechne lived with three other women in the Washington neighborhood of Georgetown.She was a fan of the Boston Red Sox, and of fellow Polish-American Carl Yastrzemski. She was a devout Roman Catholic, with a demure, serious, "convent school" demeanor, and rarely drank much. Death

On July 18, 1969, Kopechne attended a party on Chappaquiddick Island, off the east coast of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. The celebration was in honor of the dedicated work of the Boiler Room Girls, and was the fourth such re-union of Robert Kennedy campaign workers. Robert's surviving brother, Senator Ted Kennedy, was there. Kopechne reportedly left the party with Kennedy at 11:15 p.m.; according to his account, he had offered to drive her to catch the last ferry back to Edgartown, where she was staying. She did not tell her close friends at the party that she was leaving, and she left her purse and keys behind.Kennedy drove the 1967 Oldsmobile Delmont 88 off a narrow, unlit bridge, which lacked guardrails and was not on the route to Edgartown. The vehicle landed on its roof in Poucha Pond. Kennedy extricated himself from the vehicle and survived, but neglected to inform authorities until the next day of the accident and his inability to rescue Kopechne. Assistant Medical examiner Donald


title: Mary Jo Kopechne

texts:
 Mills signed a death certificate, listing cause of death as accidental drowning. A private funeral for Kopechne was held at St. Vincent's Roman Catholic Church in Plymouth, Pennsylvania, on July 22, 1969. The service was attended by Kennedy, his wife <mask>, his sister-in-law Ethel, and hundreds of onlookers. Kopechne was buried in St. Vincent's Cemetery in Larksville, Pennsylvania, in the parish cemetery on the side of Larksville Mountain.She was among the fifth generation of her family interred in that cemetery. The exact time and cause of Kopechne's death is not positively known, due to conflicting witness testimony at the January 1970 inquest, and lack of an autopsy. Kennedy claimed the accident occurred shortly after he left the party at 11:15p.m. on July 18. But part-time Deputy Sheriff Christopher "Huck" Look testified that he saw Kennedy's car, with Kopechne and Kennedy in it, around 12:40a.m. on July 19. <mask>, the fire rescue captain who retrieved the body on July 19, testified he believed that Kopechne stayed alive for up to half an hour in an air pocket, and ultimately suffocated in the submerged vehicle.A petition to exhume the body for autopsy was denied by a Pennsylvania court. Kennedy failed to report the incident to the authorities until the car and Kopechne's body were discovered the next morning. Kopechne's parents said that they learned of their daughter's death from Kennedy, before he informed authorities of his involvement. They learned that Kennedy had been the driver from wire press releases some time later. Aftermath
A week after the incident, Kennedy pleaded guilty to leaving the scene of an accident after causing injury. He received a two-month suspended sentence. On a national television broadcast that night, Kennedy said that he had not been driving "under the influence of liquor", nor had he ever had a "private relationship" with Kopechne.Massachusetts officials pressed for weeks to have Kopechne's body exhumed for an autopsy,

masks:
Joan
John Farrar


title: Mary Jo Kopechne

texts: but in December 1969, a Pennsylvania judge sided with the parents' request not to disturb her burial site. The Chappaquiddick incident and Kopechne's death became the topic of at least 15 non-fiction books, as well as a novella by <mask> Oates. Even otherwise sympathetic, mainstream biographers believed there were outstanding serious questions about Kennedy's timeline of events that night, specifically his actions following the incident. The quality of the investigation has been scrutinized, particularly whether official deference was given to a powerful and influential politician and his family. The events surrounding Kopechne's death damaged Kennedy's reputation, and are regarded as a major reason why he was never able to mount a successful campaign for President of the United States and essentially chose not to pursue the office. But Kennedy overcame this and some lesser personal scandals to have a very long career as a Senator, and to achieve a lengthy list of major legislative accomplishments. Kennedy expressed remorse over his role in Kopechne's death in his posthumously published memoir, True Compass (2009).But the disparity of the outcomes remained; Kennedy biographer Peter Canellos has written of the aftermath: "Every day that he lived was one that Kopechne – a talented woman with political interests of her own – would not. It seemed cosmically unfair that he should have a second act when she couldn't even complete her first." Kopechne's parents received a $141,000 settlement from Kennedy's insurance company. They subsequently moved to Swiftwater, Pennsylvania. On the 25th anniversary of her death, in 1994, they said that Kennedy had never apologized directly to them over his role in it, but that other members of the Kennedy family had written letters to them. Their only child gone, they never felt that justice had really been done in the case. Kopechne's father died in a nursing home in East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, in 2003.Her mother died in a


title: Mary Jo Kopechne

texts:
 nursing home in Plains Township, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, in 2007. Legacy
In 2015, two cousins of Kopechne's in Pennsylvania self-published the book Our Mary Jo, which sought to emphasize the influence of her life, rather than discuss Kennedy or Chappaquiddick. It also includes some of the hundreds of condolence letters that Kopechne's parents received. Because Kopechne had been a strong believer in education and was deeply Catholic, family members started a scholarship fund in Kopechne's name at nearby Misericordia University. In 2017, Kopechne was portrayed by actress Kate Mara in <mask>'s film Chappaquiddick. Mara gives Kopechne a sympathetic interpretation, although much of the film takes place after her death. A full biography, Before Chappaquiddick: The Untold Story of <mask> Kopechne (2020), was written by William C. Kashatus and published by Potomac Books.Kashatus has said that he spent more than a decade researching the work, inspired by Kopechne as an exemplar of the culture of the Wyoming Valley area,
"where the people have a strong work ethic, very strongly Catholic at that period of time, and they raised their kids to respect themselves, respect other people, and work hard. And she really represented that to me." References

Further reading
Kashatus, William C. Before Chappaquiddick: The Untold Story of <mask> Kopechne and the Kennedy Brothers, Lincoln, NE: Potomac Books, 2020. External links
 FBI files on <mask> Kopechne and Chappaquiddick

1940 births
1969 deaths
20th-century American women
People from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
American people of Polish descent
Washington, D.C. Democrats
Caldwell University alumni
People from Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
Road incident deaths in Massachusetts
Secretaries
Burials in Pennsylvania
Ted Kennedy
Deaths by drowning
Deaths by drowning in the United States
20th-century Roman Catholics
Catholics from Pennsylvania
Catholics from New Jersey
People from Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)
American

masks:
John Curran
Mary Jo
Mary Jo
Mary Jo


title: Héctor Echavarría

texts:
<mask> (born December 6, 1969) is an Argentine actor, producer, filmmaker, martial arts master, activist, businessman and screenwriter. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born in Corrientes, the capital city of the northern province of Corrientes, in his native Argentina. Hector was a sickly child who suffered from severe asthma, and was encouraged by his parents to use martial arts to overcome his handicap. He began his training at the age of 4 by studying Tai Chi Chuan and Chinese boxing with a Shaolin Monk, Grand Master Tung Kuo Tsao. By the age of 13, Hector had learned Judo and Jiu Jitsu under Mayamoto of the Kodokan. As a young teenager he was learning Karate, and Tae Kwon Do, and at the time became the youngest kickboxer to enter the ring professionally. From the beginning Hector Echavarria has exceeded all expectations.As a teenager, he was winning fights against much bigger opponents in the mean alleys of Corrientes, Argentia and moved his skills into the ring, where became a legendary martial arts champion. For years he starred in an ultra-popular Latin American television series Brigada, based on the three-film series Los Exterminators, in which he made his acting debut. Even a comic-strip for children was created, following Hector's real-life exploits. Echavarria, who is an 11 times kick Boxer Champion of the World, was inducted into the United States Martial Arts Hall of Fame in 2000. He was also named the "Full Contact Fighter of the Year" in 2000 and is the former Kickboxing Champion of the World. He has won World Champion status in both the United States Karate Association and the World Kung-Fu Association and remains undefeated Hector defended his belt in eleven world titles kickboxing bouts. He is a Kung-Fu Master and has reached the following levels: 7th dan Karate Shury-ryu, 7th dan Kenpo Karate, 5th dan Tae Kwon Do, 2nd dan Jujitsu, 2nd dan Judo.When he went to the United States he trained and thrived under the guidance of Grand Master Robert

masks:
Héctor Echavarría
Héctor Echavarría


title: Samuel K. Skinner

texts:
<mask> (born June 10, 1938) is an American politician, lawyer, and businessman. <mask> served as U.S. Secretary of Transportation and White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush. Prior to the Bush administration, <mask> served as the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois under President Gerald R. Ford from 1975-1977, succeeding James R. Thompson. Early life
<mask> was born in Chicago, Illinois, on June 10, 1938, the son of Imelda Jane Curran and  <mask>. He grew up in Springfield, Illinois and Wheaton, Illinois, and graduated from Wheaton Community High School in 1956. He graduated from the University of Illinois in 1960 with a Bachelor of Science in accounting. He was a member of the Pi Kappa Alpha, Beta Eta chapter at the University of Illinois.Upon graduation, he served as a lieutenant and a tank platoon leader in the United States Army in 1960-1961. He graduated from DePaul University Law School in 1966, where he served on the law review. <mask> has been involved in the Boy Scouts most of his life, earning the Eagle Scout award as a youth in Wheaton's Troop 35, and being honored with the Distinguished Eagle Scout Award and Silver Buffalo Award as an adult. After his military service, <mask> held various sales and management positions with the IBM Corporation from 1960 to 1968. In 1967, IBM selected him Outstanding Salesman of the Year. Although offered position to serve as assistant to the chairman of IBM, Thomas Watson Jr., <mask> decided to enter a career in public service. Law career

From 1968-75, <mask> served in the office of the United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois as an assistant United States attorney (AUSA) and, in 1975, President Gerald Ford appointed the 37-year-old <mask> the United States Attorney.As an AUSA, <mask>

masks:
Samuel Knox Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Vernon Orlo Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner


title: Samuel K. Skinner

texts:
 fought organized crime and public corruption. In 1974, <mask> and co-counsel, then United States Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois and future Governor of Illinois James R. Thompson, successfully prosecuted then-U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Judge <mask>, Jr. This was the first time in U.S. history that a sitting federal court of appeals judge was found guilty of a federal crime. During his tenure at the U.S. Attorney's office, <mask> also worked directly with future U.S. Court of Appeals Judges William J. Bauer, Joel M. Flaum, and Ilana Rovner, U.S. District Court Judge Charles P<mask>, future U.S. Attorneys for the Northern District of Illinois Dan K. Webb and Anton R. Valukas, future United States Senator Carol Moseley Braun, and future Illinois Attorney General Tyrone C. Fahner. From 1977-89, <mask> practiced law as a senior partner in the Chicago law firm Sidley Austin LLP, where he served on the firm's executive committee and as its second lateral partner in its 100-year-old history.From 1984-88, while practicing law full-time, he also served as chairman of the regional transportation authority of northeastern Illinois, the nation's second-largest mass-transportation district. Also during that time, President Reagan appointed <mask> as vice chairman of the President's Commission on Organized Crime. George H. W. Bush Administration
After leaving the U.S. Attorney's office for a career in the private sector, <mask> became active in Republican politics in Illinois. <mask> led the Illinois efforts of George H. W. Bush's unsuccessful 1980 presidential campaign and successful 1988 presidential campaign, the last time a Republican candidate for President carried Illinois in the general election. In December 1988, <mask> was nominated by President Bush to serve as Secretary of

masks:
Skinner
Otto Kerner
Skinner
. Kocoras
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner


title: Samuel K. Skinner

texts: Transportation. <mask> was confirmed unanimously by the United States Senate on January 31, 1989, and assumed the office on February 6, 1989. As Secretary of Transportation, he served as chief executive officer of a cabinet-level federal department with a budget over $30 billion and a workforce of 105,000 people.During his tenure, <mask> was credited with numerous successes, including the development of the President's National Transportation Policy and the passage of landmark aviation and surface-transportation legislation. He also issued regulations mandating wheelchair lifts on buses. In addition, <mask> was instrumental in developing President Bush's Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, which served as the catalyst for the whole ITS industry. He also developed the "open skies" policy of the United States that liberalized U.S. international policy and significantly increased the number of international flights to and from the U.S. In addition, <mask> acted as the President's point person in numerous crisis situations, including the Eastern Air Lines strike, the Exxon Valdez oil spill, the northern California earthquake, Hurricane Hugo, and the 1991 national rail strike. <mask>'s role in these emergencies earned him the moniker "the Master of Disaster". Washingtonian magazine twice gave <mask> its highest ranking for his performance as Secretary of Transportation.After Dick Thornburgh resigned as Attorney General in 1991 to run for the U.S. Senate seat left vacant by the death of John Heinz, <mask> was offered the position. However, he turned down the role due to the inability of the Attorney General to engage in election-related political activity per the Hatch Act of 1939. In December 1991, <mask> left his job as Secretary of Transportation to replace John H. Sununu as White

masks: Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner


title: Samuel K. Skinner

texts:
 House Chief of Staff. As White House Chief of Staff, <mask> acted as the President's chief surrogate and led the implementation of the President's domestic policy agenda leading into the 1992 general election. Under Sununu, domestic policy initiatives had drifted into the background in favor of foreign policy centered around the Persian Gulf War. <mask> served in the position from December 1991 until August 1992, when he was asked to work on the campaign full-time at the Republican National Committee and was replaced as chief of staff by then-Secretary of State James Baker. Post-Bush administration career
Upon leaving the White House, <mask> returned to Chicago and became president of Commonwealth Edison and its holding company Unicom Corporation (now Exelon) from 1993 to 1998.In 1998, <mask> left this role to become co-chairman of the Chicago-based law firm Hopkins and Sutter. In July 2000, he was named chairman, president, and CEO of US Freightways, retiring from that role three years later in April 2003. <mask> is currently on the board of directors of Navigant Consulting, Echo Global Logistics, Virgin America, and the Chicago Board of Options Exchange, and an advisor to Metalmark Capital. He also serves as director emeritus of Express Scripts. In 2015, <mask> was appointed chairman of the Takata Corporation independent quality assurance panel to conduct an internal investigation of the Company's airbag manufacturing process. Since 2006, <mask> has served as of counsel at the law firm of Greenberg Traurig. From 2003-2008, <mask> was an adjunct professor of management and strategy at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.He serves on the board of visitors of the Duke University Sanford School of Public Policy. Mayor Lori Lightfoot appointed <mask> to lead the task force to

masks: Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner


title: Samuel K. Skinner

texts:
 assist the City in its efforts to recover from the economic consequences of COVID-19. <mask> and his first wife, Susan Ann Thomas, had three children. His eldest son, Thomas Vernon <mask>, is the former head of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's national compliance program, director of the EPA's region 5, and current general counsel of Louisiana State University. Another son, <mask> <mask>, is the CEO of KemperSports, a privately owned company that manages over 100 golf courses across the country. His daughter, <mask> Goodell, is a former news anchor on Fox News Channel's Happening Now and the wife of NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell. <mask> currently resides in Winnetka, Illinois, with his wife, Honey Jacobs <mask>, a retired partner at the law firm Sidley Austin LLP.Together, they have two sons, <mask> <mask> and William Curran <mask>. Actress Gillian Jacobs is his niece through marriage. Awards
<mask> has been awarded honorary degrees from George Washington University and Lake Forest College. In 2017, he was inducted as a laureate of the Lincoln Academy of Illinois and awarded the Order of Lincoln (the state's highest honor) by the governor of Illinois in the areas of government and law. References

Further reading

External links

|-

1938 births
20th-century American politicians
American chief executives
DePaul University College of Law alumni
Exelon people
George H. W. Bush administration cabinet members
IBM employees
Illinois Republicans
Lawyers from Chicago
Living people
Military personnel from Illinois
Northwestern University faculty
People from Wheaton, Illinois
Politicians from Springfield, Illinois
United States Army officers
United States Attorneys for the Northern District of Illinois
United States Secretaries of Transportation
Gies College of Business alumni
White House

masks:
Family Skinner
Skinner
Steven Knox
Skinner
Jane Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Samuel Jacobs
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner


title: Idriss Ngari

texts:
<mask> (born 2 April 1946) is a Gabonese politician and army general. A relative of President Omar Bongo, <mask> rose rapidly through the ranks of the army, ultimately serving as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces from 1984 to 1994. He then held a succession of posts in the government of Gabon, serving as Minister of Defense from 1994 to 1999, Minister of Transport from 1999 to 2002, Minister of the Interior from 2002 to 2004, Minister of Public Works from 2004 to 2007, Minister of Tourism from 2007 to 2009, and finally as Minister of Health in 2009. Considered one of Gabon's most powerful figures during Omar Bongo's rule, <mask> is a member of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG). Military career
An ethnic Téké, <mask> was born in Ngouoni, located in the Haut-Ogooué Province of eastern Gabon, in 1946. Omar Bongo, who was also a native of Haut-Ogooué, was a maternal uncle of Ngari. <mask> joined the army in 1968 and trained to become an officer, studying in Côte d'Ivoire at the officers' school in Bouaké, as well as at Montpellier in France.Back in Gabon, he rose quickly to very high rank: he was  aide-de-camp to the Military Cabinet of President Omar Bongo from 1977 to 1978, Chief of Staff of Ground and Naval Forces from 1978 to 1983, and then Chief of Staff of the Armies from 1983 to 1984. <mask> was appointed as Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces in 1984 and remained in that post for ten years. As Chief of Staff, he ordered commandos from the Presidential Guard to destroy Radio Liberté, an opposition radio station, on 22 February 1994; the destruction of the station led to several weeks of unrest. According to <mask>, the station was inciting violence and hatred and it had to be shut

masks:
Idriss Ngari
Ngari
Ngari
Ngari
Ngari
Ngari
Ngari


title: Idriss Ngari

texts:
 down for the good of the country. Soon after the destruction of Radio Liberté, President Bongo appointed <mask> to the government as Minister of Defense, Security, and Immigration in March 1994. Given its sensitive status, Bongo was always careful to maintain reliable control over the Defense Ministry; for years he had personally managed the defense portfolio, and beginning in 1981 he entrusted it to family members. <mask>'s appointment marked a continuation of that practice.Political career
As Minister of Defense, Security, and Immigration, <mask> oversaw a January 1995 operation in which about 50,000 illegal immigrants were expelled from Gabon, while about 15,000 were granted legal status and allowed to remain. A powerful figure in the PDG regime, possessing extensive influence within the military and his own Téké ethnic group, <mask> was close to President Bongo and was considered a rival to Bongo's son, Ali Bongo. He and Ali Bongo competed for political dominance in the Haut-Ogooué Province at the time of the December 1996 parliamentary election. <mask> supported candidates who ran against Ali Bongo's allies in seeking the PDG nominations for parliamentary seats in the province, but his candidates were not successful. <mask>, however, was elected to a seat in the National Assembly. After the 1996 election, <mask> remained Minister of Defense, Security, and Immigration, and he was assigned additional responsibility for posts and telecommunications on 28 January 1997. However, he was moved to the position of Minister of Transport and the Merchant Marine on 25 January 1999, and his rival, Ali Bongo, was appointed to replace him at the Defense Ministry.President Bongo was reportedly

masks: Ngari Ngari Ngari Ngari Ngari Ngari Ngari


title: Idriss Ngari

texts: displeased by <mask>'s electoral competition with his son in 1996. Rumors suggested that <mask> was deeply frustrated by the 1999 reshuffle, in which he was effectively demoted, for long afterward. Identified as the leader of "aggressive loyalists" within the PDG regime, <mask> and his supporters resisted the inclusion of more members of the opposition in the government; President Bongo typically endeavored to co-opt opposition parties by offering ministerial portfolios to their leaders. He was again elected to the National Assembly in the December 2001 parliamentary election, and on 27 January 2002 he was moved to the position of Minister of the Interior, Public Security, and Decentralization. <mask> spent two and a half years as Interior Minister before being appointed as Minister of Public Works, Equipment, and Construction on 5 September 2004; he was promoted to the rank of Minister of State, while retaining the same portfolio, on 21 January 2006. In the December 2006 parliamentary election, he was again elected to the National Assembly as a PDG candidate in Haut-Ogooué Province. He was later moved to the post of Minister of Tourism and National Parks on 29 December 2007 and was simultaneously reduced to the rank of ordinary minister.Later, in the government named on 14 January 2009, he was instead appointed as Minister of Public Health and Public Hygiene. Although <mask>, who was associated with the PDG's cacique wing, was disliked by the PDG's reformist (renovateurs) wing, which was headed by Ali Bongo, he was nevertheless considered a potential successor to Omar Bongo. After Omar Bongo died on 8 June 2009, <mask> was considered perhaps the most formidable potential challenger to

masks: Ngari Ngari Ngari Ngari Ngari Ngari


title: Idriss Ngari

texts:
 Ali Bongo in the contest for the PDG's presidential nomination, but he chose not to seek the nomination and it was won by Bongo. It was reported that <mask> briefly considered allying himself with Pierre Mamboundou, an old opponent of Omar Bongo and the PDG, but he nevertheless supported Bongo's campaign. Amidst the events of mid-2009, <mask> remained in his post as Minister of Public Health. While visiting hospitals on 5 August 2009, he announced that the first known case of the H1N1 flu in Gabon had been found. He said that the patient, a French national, had been quarantined, and he called for vigilance to prevent any outbreak of the disease.Bongo officially prevailed in the 30 August 2009 presidential election, defeating Mamboundou and an array of other challengers; upon taking office, he immediately dismissed <mask> from the government on 17 October 2009. <mask>'s dismissal was part of a major reworking of the state administration, in which many prominent ministers and officials were replaced. Having lost his post in the government, <mask> then took up his seat in the National Assembly, representing Ngouoni. In the December 2011 parliamentary election, Ndari was re-elected to the National Assembly. He was then elected as Second Vice-President of the National Assembly on 27 February 2012. Personal life and other activities
Like Omar and Ali Bongo, <mask> is a Muslim, belonging to a faith that is practiced by only a very small percentage of the native Gabonese population. He is a member of the Higher Council of Islamic Affairs of Gabon, a body that works to coordinate Islamic activities.References

Members of the National Assembly of Gabon
1946 births
Living people
21st-century


title: Peter I of Bulgaria

texts:
<mask> (; ) (died 30 January 970) was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 27 May 927 to 969. His seal reads ΙΠSVΟς·GRECIA·VΟΔΟ. Early reign
<mask> was the son of <mask> of Bulgaria by his second marriage to the sister of George Sursuvul. <mask> had been born early in the 10th century, but it appears that his maternal uncle was very influential at the beginning of his reign. In 913 <mask> may have visited the imperial palace at Constantinople together with his older brother Michael. For unspecified reasons, Simeon had forced Michael to become a monk and had named <mask> as his successor. To prove himself a worthy successor to his father both at home and in the eyes of foreign governments, <mask> began his reign with a military offensive into Byzantine Thrace in 927 which was the last campaign of the Byzantine–Bulgarian war of 913–927.Nevertheless, he followed up his quick successes by secretly negotiating a peace treaty before the Byzantine government had a chance to retaliate. The Byzantine Emperor Romanos I Lakapenos eagerly accepted the proposal for peace and arranged for a diplomatic marriage between his granddaughter Maria and the Bulgarian monarch. In October 927 <mask> arrived near Constantinople to meet Romanos and signed the peace treaty, marrying Maria on 8 November in the church of the Zoödochos Pege. To signify the new era in Bulgaro-Byzantine relations, the princess was renamed Eirene ("peace"). The extensive Preslav Treasure is thought to represent part of the dowry of the princess. The treaty of 927 actually represents the fruit of Simeon's military successes and diplomatic initiatives,

masks:
Peter I
Peter I
Simeon I
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter


title: Peter I of Bulgaria

texts:
 ably continued by his son's government. Peace was obtained with the frontiers restored to those defined in treaties of 897 and 904.The Byzantines recognised the Bulgarian monarch's title of emperor (basileus, tsar) and the autocephalus status of the Bulgarian patriarchate, while the payment of an annual tribute to Bulgaria by the Byzantine Empire was renewed. Revolts and incursions
The initial successes of <mask>'s reign were followed by several minor setbacks. Around 930, <mask> faced a revolt led by his younger brother <mask>, who was defeated and sent into exile in Byzantium. Soon afterwards <mask>'s older brother Michael escaped from his monastery and led a more formidable rebellion, which terminated with his early death. The youngest brother, Benjamin (also called Bojan), was accused of being a werewolf and magician by the Italian Bishop Liutprand of Cremona, but he apparently posed no threat to <mask>'s authority. Perhaps taking advantage of these challenges to <mask>'s rule, the Prince of Serbia Časlav Klonimirović escaped the Bulgarian capital Preslav in 933 and, with tacit Byzantine support, managed to raise a Serbian revolt against Bulgarian rule. The revolt succeeded and Serbia recovered its independence.<mask> may have had to also face the incursions of the Magyars, who had been defeated and forced into Pannonia by his father in 896. Perhaps after an initial defeat, <mask> came to terms with the enemy and now used Magyar groups as his allies against Serbia. Various Magyar clans and chieftains appear to have begun to settle in what was still Bulgarian territory north of the Danube, where

masks: Peter Peter Ivan Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter


title: Peter I of Bulgaria

texts:
 they may have become Bulgarian federates, enjoying independence from the Árpád dynasty. This arrangement paved the way for the eventual loss of the region to the Magyars, although that happened over the half-century following <mask>'s death. <mask> apparently allowed these groups to cross Bulgaria and raid Byzantine territories in Thrace and Macedonia, perhaps as an underhanded reaction against Byzantine support for the Serbian rebellion. Domestic rule
<mask> presided over a long and relatively peaceful reign, albeit one poorly illuminated by foreign or native sources. In spite of the challenges he encountered soon after his accession and the critical situation at the very end of his life, <mask>'s Bulgaria appears to have been prosperous and increasingly well organized, with an administrative apparatus noted by foreign travelers and confirmed by the numerous finds of imperial seals.<mask> was particularly generous towards the Church, which he endowed lavishly throughout his reign. The emperor's generosity reached such an extent that it was seen as a corrupting factor by even Orthodox clerics, like Cosmas Presbyter. Others chose a path away from the temptations of the secular world, most notably Saint <mask> of Rila, but their ascetic existence still drew the attention of the monarch. Luxury and social tensions may have contributed to the spread of the Bogomil heresy, which <mask> duly undertook to combat, soliciting the advice of famous hermits and even his uncle-in-law, Patriarch Theophylact of Constantinople. Conflict with Byzantium and Rus

Relations with the Byzantine Empire worsened after the

masks:
Peter
Peter
Peter I
Peter
Peter
Ivan
Peter


title: Peter I of Bulgaria

texts:
 death of <mask>'s wife in the mid-960s. Victorious over the Arabs, Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas refused to pay the annual tribute to Bulgaria in 966, complaining of the Bulgarian alliance with the Magyars, and he undertook a show of force at the Bulgarian border. Dissuaded from a direct attack against Bulgaria, Nikephoros II dispatched a messenger to the Rus prince Sviatoslav <mask> to arrange a Rus attack against Bulgaria from the north.Sviatoslav readily launched a campaign with a vast force of 60,000 troops, routed the Bulgarians on the Danube, and defeated them in a battle near Silistra, seizing some 80 Bulgarian fortresses in 968. Stunned by the success of his ally and suspicious of his actual intentions, Emperor Nikephoros <mask> hastened to make peace with Bulgaria and arranged the marriage of his wards, the underage emperors <mask> and <mask>, to two Bulgarian princesses. Two of <mask>'s sons were sent to Constantinople as both negotiators and honorary hostages. In the meantime <mask> managed to secure the retreat of the Rus forces by inciting Bulgaria's traditional allies, the Pechenegs, to attack Kiev itself. In spite of this temporary success and the reconciliation with Byzantium, Bulgaria faced a new invasion by Sviatoslav in 969. The Bulgarians were defeated again, and <mask> suffered a stroke, which led him to abdicate and become a monk. He died on 30 January 970.Reputation
Compared with the military success of his father's reign, <mask> has been traditionally considered a weak ruler, who lost lands and prestige, allowed his military forces to decline while his country was ravaged by

masks:
Peter
Igorevich
II
Basil II
Constantine VIII
Peter
Peter
Peter
Peter


title: Peter I of Bulgaria

texts:
 foreign invaders, and turned Bulgaria into a Byzantine satellite governed by Byzantine agents in the persons of his empress and her retinue. This view has been questioned by more recent scholarship, which emphasizes the affluence and internal peace enjoyed by Bulgarian society during his long reign, re-evaluates the relationship between Bulgaria and its semi-nomadic neighbors (Magyars and Pechenegs), and questions the allegedly sinister role of Romanos' granddaughter and her retinue. While <mask>'s reign witnessed the spread of the Bogomil heresy, its origins were more demographic (perhaps inspired by Paulicians settled earlier by Byzantine emperors in Thrace) than social, and the Bulgarian Orthodox Church canonized him as a saint. <mask> was considered a good ruler in the Middle Ages, and when Bulgaria fell under Byzantine rule (1018–1185), leaders of attempts to restore Bulgarian independence adopted his name to emphasize legitimacy and continuity (both <mask> and Constantine Bodin adopted the royal name of <mask> in their attempts to regain the throne from the Byzantines). Family
By his marriage to Maria Lakapena (renamed Eirene), <mask> I had several children, including:
 Plenimir
 <mask>, who succeeded as emperor of Bulgaria in 969
 Roman, who succeeded as emperor of Bulgaria in 977

Notes

References

  Jordan Andreev, <mask>, Plamen Pavlov, Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija, Sofia 1999. 10th-century births
970 deaths
10th-century Bulgarian emperors
10th-century Christian saints
10th-century rulers in Europe
Christian monarchs
Christian royal saints
Medieval Bulgarian saints
Krum's

masks:
Peter
Peter
Peter Delyan
Peter
Peter
Boris II
Ivan Lazarov


title: John E. Franz

texts:
<mask><mask> (born December 21, 1929) is an organic chemist who discovered the herbicide glyphosate while working at Monsanto Company in 1970. The chemical became the active ingredient in Roundup, a broad-spectrum, post-emergence herbicide. <mask> has earned much acclaim and many rewards for this breakthrough. He also has over 840 patents to his name worldwide. Career
<mask> has spent his entire career at Monsanto in St. Louis, Missouri. After finishing his Ph.D., <mask> was hired by Monsanto as a Resident Chemist in 1955. He focused on process research, new polymer synthesis, and the development of plasticizers and polymer flame retardants.<mask> received two patents while working in the organic division, one for nitrates in 1960, and one for a fire retardant in 1967. He transferred to the Agricultural Division of Monsanto in 1967, motivated by the department's "emphasis on publishing, academic contacts, and the freedom to pursue ideas" (Monsanto biography). Because his background was in organic chemistry, <mask> familiarized himself with the new field by spending a year studying and learning about plant physiology and biochemistry before beginning research. <mask> discovered the herbicide glyphosate, and received five dollars for his first patent from Monsanto. From 1960 to 1988, he received over 840 patents worldwide including approximately fifty in the United States. Over the course of his career, <mask> published over forty papers and wrote the book Glyphosate: A Unique Global Herbicide with Michael K. Mao and James A. Sikorski. He was promoted to Senior Scientific Fellow in 1975, then Distinguished Fellow in 1980, and later in his career went back to the organic division to concentrate on environmentally friendly products until

masks:
John E
. Franz
Franz
Franz
Franz
Franz
Franz
Franz
Franz


title: John E. Franz

texts:
 he retired in 1991.Discovery of glyphosate
Researchers at Monsanto had been searching for an herbicide that was effective against annual and perennial weeds for nine years but found little success. They knew of two phosphonic acid compounds that were ineffective against weeds, and the researchers were not able to advance the compounds. <mask> took over the research in 1969 and incorrectly hypothesized that the phosphonic acids acted as proherbicides that were metabolized to active compounds rather than herbicides. <mask> and his research team screened possible metabolites and synthesized compounds and eventually discovered glyphosate in 1970. Although all of the patents regarding glyphosate list <mask> as the sole inventor and the Monsanto Company as the assignee, <mask> acknowledged that the discovery was a group effort. In 2007, when he was inducted into the National Inventor's Hall of Fame, <mask> said, "It's a recognition of the entire team of scientists who worked on and supported the development of Roundup herbicides". Glyphosate works by absorption through leaves, and then moving rapidly to a plant's roots, rhizomes, and meristems.This invaluable breakthrough immediately spurred Monsanto to design and produce plants genetically immune to glyphosates in order to make it easier for farmers to thoroughly spray down their fields for weeds without killing their own crops. Once glyphosate was invented, it took four years to reach the market. It was first introduced as "Roundup", and is still best known by that brand. Glyphosate has been called by experts in herbicides "virtually ideal" due to its broad spectrum and low toxicity compared with other herbicides. However, the chemical’s use has come under attack in numerous countries,

masks: Franz Franz Franz Franz Franz


title: John E. Franz

texts:
 with bans or partial bans enacted, and thousands of lawsuits filed alleging the chemical is carcinogenic. German Chancellor Angela Merkel stated in June 2019 “We will come to a point where glyphosate isn’t used anymore.”

Other research
<mask> undertook research in many areas during his time at Monsanto. Some of his other chemistry research includes antiauxin chemistry (isothiazoles, isoxazoles, pyrazoles), plant chemistry, cell membrane chemistry (glyceride and phospholipid syntheses, liposomes), plant hormone chemistry (abscissic acid analogs, ethylene generators), and nitride sulfide chemistry.He also performed research pertaining to reaction mechanisms, coenzyme A antimetabolites, biorational design of herbicides, and periselective addition reactions of one- and threedipoles, as well as fundamental organic research. Honors
<mask> has received many awards for his important discovery. In 1977, he was awarded the IR-100 award by Industrial Research magazine. In 1981, he received the first J.F. Queeny Award from Monsanto to honor an invention that was also a commercial success. He was the recipient of the 1987 National Medal of Technology, one of the few agricultural technologies to ever receive the honor. <mask> received the American Chemical Society’s Carothers Award in 1989 for "outstanding contributions and advances in industrial applications of chemistry".In 1990, he was awarded the Perkin Medal by the American Section of the Society of Chemical Industry, based on his contributions to the research and development of applied chemistry. <mask> also won the Outstanding Achievement Award in 1988, the 1988 Missouri Award, and was named the St. Louis Metropolitan Bar Association Inventor of the Year in 1986. Roundup was named one of

masks: Franz Franz Franz Franz


title: John E. Franz

texts:
 the "Top 10 Products That Changed the Face of Agriculture" by the magazine Farm Chemicals in 1994. <mask> was inducted into the United States' Inventor's Hall of Fame on May 5, 2007. Monsanto has also created two awards in his honor. On December 8, 1995, the agricultural company introduced the Franz Sustainability Award, which consists of an annual $100,000 prize given to the individual or team that submits the best environmental project for improvement in the areas of conservation, technology, and/or education. Soon after <mask>'s induction into the Inventors' Hall of Fame in 2007, Monsanto announced a new annual scholarship called the Franz Innovation Award Scholarship.This scholarship is awarded each year to a graduate student taking organic chemistry at the University of Minnesota. Patents
<mask> has over 840 patents to his name concerning glyphosate and lesser known discoveries. Because of the nature of glyphosate, it requires many patents concerning identification, synthesis, and other processes required to produce the chemical. His patents include:

 Patent Number: 3799758, Phytotoxicant compositions
 Patent Number: 3853530, Regulating plants with n-phosphonomethylglycine and derivatives thereof
 Patent Number: 3977860, Herbicidal compositions and methods employing esters of
 Patent Number: 3954848, Process for producing N-phosphonomethy glycine
 Patent Number: 4735649, Gametocides
 Patent Number: 4634788, Herbicidal glyphosate oxime derivatives
 Patent Number: 4094661, Plant Growth Regulators

External links

References

1929 births
Living people
21st-century American chemists
Organic chemists
National Medal of Technology recipients
University of Illinois alumni
University of Minnesota alumni
Monsanto
Chemists from

masks: Franz Franz Franz


title: Margaret Bourke-White

texts:
<mask> (; June 14, 1904 – August 27, 1971), an American photographer and documentary photographer, became arguably best known as the first foreign photographer permitted to take pictures of  Soviet industry under the Soviets'  five-year plan, as the first American female war photojournalist, and for having one of her photographs (on the construction of Fort Peck Dam) on the cover of the first issue of  Life magazine. She died of Parkinson's disease at age 67, about eighteen years after developing symptoms. Biography

Early life
<mask>, born <mask> in the Bronx, New York, was the daughter of Joseph White, a non-practicing Jew whose father came from Poland, and Minnie Bourke, who was of Irish Catholic descent. She grew up near Bound Brook, New Jersey (the Joseph and Minnie White House in Middlesex), and graduated from  Plainfield High School in Union County. From her naturalist father, an engineer and inventor, she claimed to have learned perfectionism; from her "resourceful homemaker" mother, she claimed to have developed an unapologetic desire for self-improvement." Her younger brother, Roger Bourke White, became a prominent Cleveland businessman and high-tech industry founder, and her older sister, Ruth White, became well known for her work at the American Bar Association in Chicago, Ill. Roger Bourke White described their parents as "Free thinkers who were intensely interested in advancing themselves and humanity through personal achievement", attributing the success of their children in part to this quality. He was not surprised at his sister <mask>'s success, saying "[she] was not unfriendly or aloof".<mask>'s interest in photography began as a hobby in her youth,

masks:
Margaret Bourke White
Margaret Bourke White
Margaret White
Margaret
Margaret


title: Margaret Bourke-White

texts:
 supported by her father's enthusiasm for cameras. Despite her interest, in 1922, she began studying herpetology at Columbia University, only to have her interest in photography strengthened after studying under  Clarence White (no relation). She left after one semester, following the death of her father. She transferred colleges several times, attending the University of Michigan (where she was a photographer at the Michiganensian and became a member of Alpha Omicron Pi sorority), Purdue University in Indiana, and Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Bourke-White ultimately graduated from Cornell University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1927, leaving behind a photographic study of the rural campus for the school's newspaper, including photographs of her famed dormitory, Risley Hall. A year later, she moved from Ithaca, New York, to Cleveland, Ohio, where she started a commercial photography studio and began concentrating on architectural and industrial photography. Marriages
In 1924, during her studies, she married Everett Chapman, but the couple divorced two years later.<mask> added her mother's surname, "Bourke" to her name in 1927 and hyphenated it. Bourke-White and novelist Erskine Caldwell were married from 1939 to their divorce in 1942. Later years and death

In 1953, Bourke-White developed her first symptoms of Parkinson's disease. She was forced to slow her career to fight encroaching paralysis. In 1959 and 1961 she underwent several operations to treat her condition, which effectively ended her tremors but affected her speech. In 1971 she died at Stamford Hospital in Stamford, Connecticut, aged 67, from Parkinson's disease. Bourke-White wrote an


title: Margaret Bourke-White

texts:
 with the same name by Simon and Schuster. These photos additionally became "a six-part series in the New York Times (1932), a deluxe photo portfolio (1934), and a set of photomurals for the Soviet consulate in New York (1934). Still other photographs circulated in exhibitions, books, and periodicals around the globe, especially in Soviet magazines and postcards of the early 1930s." Bourke-White returned to the Soviet Union in 1941 during the Second World War. The resulting body of work was published in a book titled Shooting the Russian War in 1942.World War II
Bourke-White was the first known female war correspondent and the first woman to be allowed to work in combat zones during World War II. In 1941 she traveled to the Soviet Union just as Germany broke its pact of non-aggression. She was the only foreign photographer in Moscow when German forces invaded.Taking refuge in the U.S. Embassy, she then captured the ensuing firestorms on camera. As the war progressed, she was attached to the U.S. Army Air Force in North Africa, then to the U.S. Army in Italy and later in Germany. She repeatedly came under fire in Italy in areas of fierce fighting. On January 22, 1943, Major Rudolph Emil Flack, Squadron and Mission Commander, piloted the lead aircraft with <mask>-White (the first female photographer/writer to fly on a combat mission) aboard his 414th Bombardment Squadron B-17F LITTLE BILL (41-24400) and bombed the El Aouina Airdrome in Tunis, Tunisia. On this bombing raid, she describes the field of 130 enemy planes as "one bright orange flash". The navigator on this flight, Lieutenant Abraham J. Dreiseszun, ended up rising through the ranks of the U.S. Air Force to become a


title: Margaret Bourke-White

texts:
 Chicago, Chicago, IL
 Brooklyn Museum
 Cleveland Museum of Art
 Library of Congress
 Museum of Modern Art, New York City
 New Mexico Museum of Art
 Rijksmuseum Amsterdam

Awards
 Honorary Doctorate: Rutgers University, 1948
 Honorary Doctorate: University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), 1951
 Achievement Award: US Camera, 1963
 Honor Roll Award: American Society of Magazine Photographers, 1964

In 1990 she was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.She was designated a Women's History Month Honoree in 1992 and again in 1994 by the National Women's History Project. Publications
 Eyes on Russia (1931)
 You Have Seen Their Faces (1937; with Erskine Caldwell)
 North of the Danube (1939; with Erskine Caldwell)
 Shooting the Russian War (1942)
 They Called it "Purple Heart Valley" (1944)
 Halfway to Freedom; a report on the new India (1949)
 Interview with India,(1950)
 Portrait of Myself. Simon Schuster. (1963). Dear Fatherland, Rest Quietly (1946)
 The Taste of War (selections from her writings edited by Jonathon Silverman)
 Say, Is This the USA? (Republished 1977)
 The Photographs of <mask>urke-White

Biographies and collections of Bourke-White's photographs
 <mask>-White: Photography of Design, 1927–1936
 <mask>-White
 <mask>-White: Photographer
 <mask>-White: Adventurous Photographer
 Power and Paper, <mask>ke-White: Modernity and the Documentary Mode
 <mask> Goldberg (Harper & Row: 1986)
 Bourke-White: A Retrospective, Collected and Circulated by the International Center of Photography, New York. Exhibition catalog United Technologies Corporation, 1988
 <mask>-White: Twenty Parachutes, Nazraeli Press, 2002
 <mask>-White: The Early Work, 1922–1930 Selected, with

masks:
Margaret Bo
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bour
Margaret Bourkekie
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke


title: Margaret Bourke-White

texts:
 an essay by Ronald E. Ostman and Harry Littel (David E Godine 2005)
 For the World to See: The Life of <mask>ke-White by Jonathan Silverman
 Down North: John Buchan and <mask>ke-White on the Mackenzie by John Brinckman
 Witness to Life and Freedom: Margaret Bourke-White in India & Pakistan by Pramod Kapoor (Roli & Janssen 2010)

 Portrayals in popular culture
 Bourke-White was portrayed by Farrah Fawcett in the television movie, Double Exposure: The Story of Margaret Bourke-White (1989) and by Candice Bergen in the 1982 film  Gandhi.Fictional characters based on <mask>-White on-screen:
 Megan Fox in the 2019 South Korean movie The Battle of Jangsari''

References

External links
 <mask>-White Papers at Syracuse University
 Images from Lifes image archive by <mask>-White. <mask>-White in the collection of The Museum of Modern Art
 Women in History: <mask>-White
 Distinguished Women: <mask>-White
 <mask>-White Photographs
 Masters of Photography: <mask>-White
 <mask>-White in cosmopolis.ch

 <mask>-White's Portrait of Myself at Internet Archive

1904 births
1971 deaths
20th-century American photographers
20th-century American women artists
American people of Irish descent
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American Protestants
American photojournalists
American women photographers
American women journalists
War correspondents of the Korean War
Women in war in East Asia
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Cornell University alumni
Neurological disease deaths in Connecticut
Deaths from Parkinson's disease
Industrial photographers
People from the Bronx
People from Bound Brook, New Jersey
People from Darien, Connecticut
People from

masks:
Margaret Bour
Margaret Bour
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke
Margaret Bourke


title: Johann Phillip Fabricius

texts:
<mask> (22 January 1711 – 23 January 1791) was a German Christian missionary and a Tamil scholar in the later part of his life. He arrived in South India in 1740 to take charge of a small Tamil Lutheran congregation in Madras and expanded it during his stay. During his time in Madras he wrote several Christian hymns in Tamil and published the first Tamil to English Dictionary. Of his works his translation of the Bible to Tamil is considered to be most noteworthy. Early life
<mask> was born on 22 January 1711 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. He graduated in both law and theology at Universities in Giessen and Halle, Germany. Ministry
In 1740 <mask> arrived in South India to take charge of a small Tamil Lutheran congregation in Madras.After initial setbacks, the congregation grew from 300 to 2,200 members in his 30 years of ministry. Initially the foundations of dubashi infrastructure in South India were laid down by Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg. During the course of 1720 to 1849, around seventy-nine missionaries came to Tranquebar from Europe. Benjamin Schultze and <mask> <mask> were the most noteworthy among them. <mask> was Schultze’s successor and worked in Vepery from 1740 to 1791. Literary contribution
An important area of work started initially by Ziegenbalg and then later on taken up by Fabricius was Tamil Christian hymnody. <mask> Fabricius published a collection of 335 Tamil hymns, most of them translated from German.The initial compositions by Ziegenbalg were not very well done and when Fabricius came to Madras he had this field of work entirely to himself and gained quite a mastery over this art. Even today hymns by Fabricius are sung by Christians in South India. In 1761, British East India Company forces invaded Pondicherry, which was then a French colony, and

masks:
Johann Philipp Fabricius
Johann Philipp Fabricius
Johann Philipp Fabricius
Johann Philipp
Fabricius
Fabricius
Johann Philipp


title: Johann Phillip Fabricius

texts:
 him from time to time. At last Gericke, who had taken over his work, was able to secure a release for Fabricius, so that he could spend his last few days in peace. <mask> Fabricius died on 23 January 1791 in Madras. See also
Constanzo Beschi
Christianity in India
Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
Missionaries

Notes

References
Phines Rice Hunt - Fabricius' editor in India. <mask> Fabricius". Mission Manual.15 April 2007. http://www.missionmanual.org/w/index.php?title=<mask>_Fabricius&printable=yes&printable=yes. Retrieved 2009-01-23. Anderson, Gerald (1999). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp.207. . https://books.google.com/books?id=oQ8BFk9K0ToC. Prashant More, J. B. (2004). Muslim Identity, Print Culture, and the Dravidian Factor in Tamil. Orient Blackswan. pp.80. . https://books.google.com/books?id=11FYACaVySoC. Fabricius published the Tamil grammar in English which was only sixty three pages long. This was published in 1778, and fifteen years later a revised edition came out. Fabricius also made excellent use of the work already done by Ziegenbalg in bringing out the Tamil-English lexicon. Robert, Dana L. (2007). Converting Colonialism. Wm.B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 24. . https://books.google.com/books?id=EFwSuuwM-EsC. Neill, Stephen. A History of Christianity in India (1707–1858). Cambridge University Press. 43-45.Frykenberg, Robert Eric. (2008) Christianity in India:from beginnings to the present. Oxford University Press. pp. 152

1711 births
1791 deaths
German Lutheran clergy
German Lutheran missionaries
Lutheran missionaries in India
Translators of the Bible into Tamil
18th-century linguists
Tamil scholars of non-Tamil background
Clergy from Frankfurt
German expatriates in India
18th-century translators
Missionary

masks:
Johann Philipp
Johann Philipp
Johann Philipp


title: P. F. Sloan

texts:
<mask><mask>" <mask> (born <mask>; September 18, 1945 – November 15, 2015), known professionally as P. F<mask>, was an American singer and songwriter. During the mid-1960s, he wrote, performed, and produced many Billboard Top 20 hits for artists such as Barry McGuire, the Searchers, Jan and Dean, Herman's Hermits, Johnny Rivers, the Grass Roots, the Turtles and the Mamas and the Papas. <mask>'s signature song is "Eve of Destruction" – a 1965 U.S. number one for McGuire. Many of his songs were written in collaboration with Steve Barri. Their partnership yielded two US Top Ten hits — Herman's Hermits' "A Must to Avoid" (1965) and Johnny Rivers' "Secret Agent Man" (1966) — and the Turtles' "You Baby" (1966). Biography

Early life and career
<mask> was born in New York City, United States, to an American father and a Romanian-born mother. His family moved to West Hollywood, California in 1957, where his father, a pharmacist, changed the family name from "Schlein" to "<mask>" after repeatedly being denied a liquor license for his store.When <mask> was 13 his father bought him a guitar. While at the music store in Hollywood <mask> met <mask>" <mask> recorded a single, "All I Want Is Loving" / "Little Girl in the Cabin" for the L.A. R&B record label Aladdin Records, which folded soon after its release. At 16, he became part of the burgeoning Los Angeles music scene, landing a job on the songwriting staff at music publisher Screen Gems, which was then the largest publisher on the West Coast. There, he formed a

masks:
Philip Gary "
Flip
Sloan
Philip Gary Schlein
. Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Elvis Presleylip
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts:
 partnership with Steve Barri, and the duo made several attempts at recording a hit single under names such as Philip and Stephan, The Rally-Packs, The Wildcats, The Street Cleaners, Themes Inc., and The Lifeguards. In 1963, they came to the attention of Screen Gems executive Lou Adler, who decided to use them as backing singers and musicians (<mask> on lead guitar and Barri on percussion) for Jan and Dean, whom he managed. <mask> and Barri wrote the theme song for the T.A.M.I.Show (Teen Age Music International Show) and were credited on all Jan and Dean albums from Dead Man's Curve / The New Girl in School in early 1964 through Command Performance in 1965. Jan Berry used <mask> as the lead falsetto voice instead of Dean Torrence on the band's top 10 hit "The Little Old Lady from Pasadena". Around that time, <mask> and Barri also wrote their first U.S. Billboard Top 100 hit, "Kick That Little Foot Sally Ann", arranged by Jack Nitzsche and performed by a Watts, California-born artist named Round Robin. Soon they also appeared on surf records by Bruce & Terry and the Rip Chords, and they recorded their own surf singles and album as The Fantastic Baggys. Dunhill Records
Adler then doubled their salaries to hire them for his startup publisher Trousdale Music and startup label Dunhill Records. Using the name <mask>. <mask> or P.F.<mask> (the "F" stood for "<mask>", his nickname), <mask> wrote or co-wrote hits for many performers, including "Eve of Destruction" (Barry McGuire); "You Baby" and "Let Me Be" (The

masks:
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Phil F
Sloan
Sloan
Flip
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts: Turtles); "A Must to Avoid" and "Hold On!" (Herman's Hermits); "Take Me For What I'm Worth" (The Searchers); and "Secret Agent Man" (Johnny Rivers). This last song was the theme tune for Danger Man, a British TV series that had been given a new title (Secret Agent) and theme for the US market. Due to its line "You're old enough to kill, but not for votin'", "Eve of Destruction" was used as a rallying cry by supporters of the Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which changed the voting age from 21 to 18 as of 1971. <mask> also became a session guitarist as part of the group of L.A. session musicians known as The Wrecking Crew, working with such well-known backing musicians as drummer Hal Blaine, guitarist Tommy Tedesco, bassist Joe Osborn, and bassist/keyboardist Larry Knechtel, among others. While working with Barry McGuire, <mask> created and played a guitar introduction as a hook to a new song by <mask> entitled "California Dreamin'", and the same backing track was used for the hit version by <mask>' group The Mamas & the Papas, which led to <mask> being a regular in their recording sessions. <mask> generally played the lead guitar tracks on most of the songs he wrote, including the famous riff in "Secret Agent Man".<mask> and Barri also were performers while on Dunhill. They released Dunhill's first album, a collection of surf instrumentals, as the "Rincon Surfside Band", and the album was later issued by RCA under the name "Willie and the Wheels". <mask>'s successful

masks:
Sloan
Sloan
John Phillips
Phillips
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts: folk-influenced songwriting caused Dunhill to record two solo albums by him. His single "Sins of a Family" reached the Billboard top 100 in fall 1965, in the wake of the huge success of "Eve of Destruction". During this time, Sloan & Barri continued to do session work with Jan Berry of Jan & Dean, until Jan's near-fatal car wreck in April 1966, which basically ended Jan & Dean's career. They also produced a number of other acts, from Ann-Margret to The Robbs to Canadians Terry Black and <mask>n-Anne McKinnon (both of whom had hits in Canada with Sloan-Barri songs) to Dunhill acts such as <mask>es, The Ginger Snaps featuring Dandee Duncan, The Thomas Group (headed by Danny Thomas's son Tony), and The Iguanas (a Mexican band that did not speak English). The main Sloan-Barri recording effort for Dunhill was done under the name The Grass Roots.However, after The Grass Roots enjoyed a Billboard Top 30 single with "Where Were You When I Needed You", the band's first album failed to chart, and Dunhill forced <mask> and Barri to recruit a real band to perform as The Grass Roots. Ultimately, a second band had to be recruited after the first one quit. <mask> and Barri continued as producers for the band, and they quickly generated a U.S. top 10 hit with a cover of the European hit "Let's Live for Today" (by the British band The Rokes). After that, though, the new Grass Roots wanted to write their own songs, and <mask>, who still wanted to be a recording artist, became alienated from both Barri and Dunhill

masks:
Patricia
Shelley Fabar
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts: management. During this period, P.F<mask>'s growing experience and reputation also attracted the attention of other young and aspiring musical artists, seeking both musical and business advice. As a favor to a friend, <mask> in 1968 first met the relatively unknown Jimmy Webb at a private home for an informal but eye-opening visit.The very first song Webb played for him was "Wichita Lineman". <mask> recalls, "He played a couple of chords and began to unload. I was aware immediately that I was listening to a songwriter's voice. It was filled with feeling and emotion. Most songwriters don't have a voice, but this one was haunting and unusual and raw and wonderful." <mask> further explains, "There are singers and there are songwriters, and only rarely is there something known as a singer-songwriter. Singer-songwriters were a threat to the establishment.And I was one of them." <mask> explains that as the song continued, he felt relaxed at first, then nervously on edge "...figuring that he would screw the song up in some way. But he didn't. The song got better and better." This was followed by "Up, Up and Away"  and an early version of "MacArthur Park". The next song, "By the Time I Get to Phoenix",  brought <mask> to tears. <mask> assured Webb that every song could be a major hit, quipping that "Songwriters don't cry tears, they cry diamonds."According to Barri, <mask> changed after the success of "Eve of Destruction": "He was two people. We were just two Jewish kids from New York. We liked the same

masks:
. Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts:
 movies. We played Wiffle ball together. But when 'Eve of Destruction' became such a smash, he went with Barry McGuire to England, and he came back a different person. His girlfriend, who I later married — both of us felt he never returned from England. He was a major, major talent.God, he was good." <mask> himself also described a change at this time: "I wanted to be loved. I wanted to be Elvis. . . . But P.F<mask>? He wanted honesty and truth." During the Summer of Love, <mask> played as a solo artist on the final day of the Fantasy Fair and Magic Mountain Music Festival on Sunday June 11, 1967.A famed celebration of pop music, this seminal event occurred prior to the Monterey Pop Festival held the following weekend, although unlike the Monterey event no film or audio recordings were preserved and its history is much less known. <mask>'s final Dunhill release was a solo single, "I Can't Help But Wonder, Elizabeth" b/w "Karma (A Study of Divinations)", once again released under the name <mask>. After Dunhill

After leaving Dunhill, <mask> recorded an album in 1968 titled Measure of Pleasure. It was produced by Tom Dowd and released by ATCO. In 1969, <mask>'s "New Design" was included on the Ruby, Don't Take Your Love To Town album by Kenny Rogers and The First Edition. <mask> left the music scene due to numerous business and legal problems. He repeatedly reported that Dunhill made threatening advances to force him to sign away the rights to his valuable compositions and that the reason for his absence

masks:
Sloan
. Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Philip Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts: from the music scene was to battle illnesses.After 1969, he did not frequently record or perform until the new millennium. He finally found relief from his long illness with help from Indian guru Sathya Sai Baba. In 2006, describing this period away from the world, <mask> said, "I was ill I guess for a good 20, maybe 25 years. . . . Catatonia for a long time." <mask> only released two albums during this period: Raised on Records, released on Mums Records in 1972 while he was recovering from illness, and Serenade of the Seven Sisters, released on Pioneer Records in Japan in the early 1990s, because <mask>'s From A Distance (from his second solo album) had been successful there. Positive response led to the Japanese album being released worldwide. In 2005, <mask> made a series of recordings with producer Jon Tiven in Nashville, Tennessee. The resulting album, Sailover, was released in August 2006 on the Hightone Records label.Sailover was a veiled reference to the guru that helped him get well, proclaiming that <mask> was indeed a "Sai Lover". Tiven played guitar on the record and his wife Sally played bass. The album was a mix of classic and new compositions, including several new songs co-written with Tiven. Guests included <mask>, Buddy Miller, Lucinda Williams, <mask>, <mask> and Gary Tallent. In 2014, <mask>'s final series of recordings appeared on his album titled My Beethoven. These recordings began when <mask> attended a concert in Los Angeles featuring Beethoven compositions that affected him

masks:
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
Frank Black
Felix Cavaliere
Tom Petersson
Sloan
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts:
 deeply. He focused on fully understanding the similarities between the legendary composer and himself.This journey of discovery took him a full decade to complete. He learned to play and compose with a piano during the process. The work enabled him to heal the wounds that he encountered during the trials and tribulations of his life. This last musical project led to him forgiving his transgressors, leaving his anger behind him and moving forward with peace, love and serenity for the remainder of his life. In 2015, <mask> published a book, co-written with S.E<mask>, entitled What's Exactly the Matter with Me? Memoirs of a Life in Music.Death
<mask> died on November 15, 2015 at his home in Los Angeles, aged 70. He had pancreatic cancer for several months and his death was attributed to that disease. Hit songs as songwriter

Discography

Solo

Singles

Albums
 Songs of Our Times (1965, Dunhill)
 Twelve More Times (1966, Dunhill)
 Measure of Pleasure (1968, ATCO)
 Raised on Records (1972, Mums)
 Precious Times: The Best of P.F<mask> (1965-1966) (1986, Rhino)
 Songs of Other Times (1988, Big Beat)
 Anthology (1993, One Way/MCA)
 Serenade of the Seven Sisters (1994, Pioneer)
 Child of Our Times: The Trousdale Demo Sessions 1965–1967 (2001, Varèse Sarabande)
 Sailover (2006, Hightone)
 Here's Where I Belong: The Best of the Dunhill Years 1965-1967 (2008, Big Beat)
 My Beethoven (2014, MsMusic)

With Steve Barri

Singles

Albums
 Tell 'Em I'm Surfin''' – The Fantastic Baggys (1964, Imperial)
 The Surfing

masks:
Sloan
. Feinberg
Sloan
. Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts:
 Songbook – Rincon Surfside Band (1965, Dunhill)
 The Surfing Songbook – Willie and the Wheels (1965, RCA) (identical release)
 Where Were You When I Needed You – The Grass Roots (1966, Dunhill)
 Let's Live for Today – The Grass Roots (1967, Dunhill)

Reissues
<mask>'s early work has been poorly represented on compact disc, with only a smattering of releases to his name. Measure of Pleasure was reissued on CD by Collectors' Choice in January 2007. There is a collection of his demo recordings available (Child of Our Times, on the Varèse Sarabande), and there was a now-out-of-print 1993 collection of his Dunhill recordings (Anthology, on the One Way label). In 2008, UK-based Big Beat label did a near-definitive reissue of <mask>'s solo recordings for Dunhill.Entitled Here's Where I Belong: The Best of the Dunhill Years 1965–1967, the CD omits the album tracks "When the Wind Changes" and "Patterns Seg. 4", while <mask>'s final Dunhill recording, "I Can't Help But Wonder, Elizabeth", made its legal CD debut on this release. Eponymous song

"<mask>. <mask>" is also a song by singer-songwriter Jimmy Webb, who is better known for the 1960s hits "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" and "Up, Up and Away". Cover versions of the song were recorded by The Association in 1971, Jennifer Warnes, and by British band Unicorn in the early 1970s – released as a single and album track on Transatlantic Records. Jackson Browne performed the song with Webb on Webb's 2010 album Just Across the River. In 2012 it was covered by the

masks:
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
P F
Sloan


title: P. F. Sloan

texts:
 British singer Rumer, who treated it as the signature song on her Boys Don't Cry'' album.While <mask>'s insistence on becoming a recording artist was an inspiration to fellow songwriter Webb, who had worked with <mask> with Bones Howe and The 5th Dimension, a personal dispute led Webb to deny the existence of "P.F. <mask>" when asked about the song's title character during an article interview, saying that he had made the name up. Eugene Landy laid claim to being the real P.F<mask> when he was asked by reporters why he considered himself able to direct Brian Wilson's musical career. Landy claimed to have written the songs attributed to "P.F. <mask>". References

External links

P.F.<mask> fan website includes biography, discography, and more
A Mailing List Interview with P. F<mask> an email interview with P.F<mask>
P. F<mask> – Who Played What? another email interview with P.F<mask>
End of a Hiatus an NPR World Cafe Interview with P.F<mask>, September 12, 2006

1945 births
2015 deaths
American male singer-songwriters
American rock songwriters
American rock singers
American rock guitarists
American folk guitarists
American male guitarists
Singers from New York City
American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
Jewish American musicians
Dunhill Records artists
Atco Records artists
Jewish American songwriters
American pop rock singers
Deaths from cancer in California
Guitarists from New York City
20th-century American guitarists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American

masks:
Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
. Sloan
Sloan
Sloan
. Sloan
. Sloan
. Sloan
. Sloan
. Sloan


title: Spanish Louie

texts:
John Lewis (died April 1, 1910), better known by his alias Indian or Spanish <mask> (Lewis), was an American criminal and member of the Humpty Jackson Gang, serving as the gang leader's longtime lieutenant from around the turn of the 20th century until his murder in either 1900 or 1910. His death was the first recorded use of a drive by shooting as a means of gangland execution in New York City. Early years in the New York underworld
John Lewis was born in New York City, although his background remained a mystery to both the underworld and authorities for much of his life. Lewis did not have a criminal record with the New York City Police Department and was one of the few underworld figures to have avoided being "booked" by the famed Central Office despite being investigated for an unsolved homicide. It was the Mulberry Police Precinct that investigated this claim, at the time mostly based on rumor but one which he had admitted to, yet was cleared after finding no evidence to substantiate these claims. He first became known as an up-and-coming thug for hire from the Lower East Side and began frequenting "Big" Jack Zelig's club in Chatham Square around 1900. Lewis was also a regular at Barney Flynn's and Mike Salter's establishments as well as the Chatham Club.He was nicknamed Spanish <mask> by friends and associates to distinguish him from the many other East Side gangsters who shared that name. He was also called Indian <mask> which was attributed to his "dark skin, black eyes, thin lips, high cheek-bones and high curved nose". This, along with his penchant for wearing a black sombrero and similarly styled clothing, started the rumor that he had come from South America and was "of Spanish or Portuguese extraction". It was also said that he had served in the military but these rumors "failed to name the regiment or the ship". Lewis never confirmed or denied the rumors although he occasionally made vague comments mentioning "his noble

masks: Louie Louie Louie


title: Spanish Louie

texts:
 Bowery. Charlie had been brutally murdered, his throat having been slashed, and it was claimed by a police informer known as "the Ghost" that Lewis was responsible. This was highly doubted in the underworld, Lewis well known for being a mercenary, and would have had no motive to kill a penniless drug addict. Nevertheless, Lewis was picked up by two plainclothes detectives from the Eldridge Police Precinct. Lewis was never told why he was arrested and neither was he officially booked, given their evidence relied mainly on hearsay, investigators wanted to gather more evidence before pressing charges. His revolvers and a seven-inch knife, found inside his waistcoat, were confiscated when he was brought in. The desk sergeant remarked that the gangster's knife could have been the possible murder weapon although it was later found that the knife had not been recently used.The detectives hoped to get a confession out of Lewis and, having yet to inform him as to why he had been arrested, they put him in the back of a paddy wagon and drove him to the city morgue. Once there, they took Lewis inside and showed him the mutilated body of Crazy Charlie hoping to frighten a confession from him. Yet Lewis "neither started nor exclaimed" and instead took out a cigarette and turned to one of the detectives for a match. When one of the detectives pointed out the body and asked "Do you see this? ", Lewis replied "Yes. Also, I'll tell you bulls another thing. You think to rattle me.Say, for ten cents I'd sit on this stiff all night an' smoke a pipe." Seeing their attempt to bluff Lewis had failed, the detectives let him go. In November 1909 a pickpocket named Jacob Lavine was drinking with a woman known to be "Spanish <mask>'s"; <mask> wounded Lavine; when Lavine refused to appear against <mask>, <mask> was fined $10.00 {or $25.00} for carrying a concealed weapon December 30, 1909. Death
After less than a year in the Lower East Side, Lewis's bullet-riddled

masks: Louie Louie Louie Louie


title: Nina Kiriki Hoffman

texts:
<mask> (born March 20, 1955, in San Gabriel, California) is an American fantasy, science fiction and horror writer. Profile

<mask> started publishing short stories in 1975. Her first nationally published short story appeared in Asimov's Science Fiction magazine in 1983. She has since published over 200 in various anthologies and magazines. Her short story "A Step Into Darkness" (1985) was one of the winners of the L. Ron Hubbard Writers of the Future award and was published in the first of the Writers of the Future anthologies. Her second collection of short stories, Courting Disasters and Other Strange Affinities, was nominated for the 1992 Locus Award for best collection of the year. Her novella '"Unmasking", published in 1992 by Axolotl Press, was a finalist for the 1993 World Fantasy Award.Her novella "Haunted Humans" (seen in The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, July 1994) was a finalist for the 1995 Nebula Award for Best Novella and on the same ballot her novelette "The Skeleton Key" was shortlisted for the Nebula Award for Best Novelette. Her short story "Trophy Wives" won the 2008 Nebula Award for Best Short Story. Her first novel, The Thread That Binds the Bones, won the Bram Stoker Award for first novel. Other novels include The Silent Strength of Stones (a sequel to Thread), A Fistful of Sky, and A Stir of Bones. Her best known works are set in the Pacific Northwest and

masks:
Nina Kiriki Hoffman
Hoffman


title: Nina Kiriki Hoffman

texts:
 Southern California, and involve people (often entire families) with magical talents. The stories have invited comparison to Zenna Henderson and Ray Bradbury's stories on similar themes. She has been shortlisted, awarded and finalist for awards for novella, novelette, novel, fantasy novel, adult literature, work for younger readers, young adult books, and children's literature for the Nebula, Locus, World Fantasy Award, the Theodore Sturgeon Award, the HOMer award from CompuServe, the Endeavour Award, the Mythopoeic Society Award, the James Tiptree Jr. Award and the Philip K. Dick Award.Her short story "Trophy Wives" won a 2008 Nebula award. Her brother is the musician Kristian <mask>. She lives in Eugene, Oregon. She is a member of the Wordos writers' group. In 2017, she competed in the SLUG Queen pageant in the persona of country singer "Patsy Slugtana". As of 2020, she teaches small classes in science fiction, fantasy, and horror writing via Zoom for the Fairfield County Writers' Studio. Bibliography

Novels

 The Thread That Binds the Bones (winner of the Bram Stoker Award for First Novel) 1993
 The Silent Strength of Stones (Nebula Award and World Fantasy Award Finalist) 1995
 Body Switchers from Outer Space (#14 in R.L.Stine's " Ghosts of Fear Street" series) 1996
 Why I'm Not Afraid of Ghosts (#23 in R.L. Stine's "Ghosts of Fear Street" series) 1997
 I Was A Sixth Grade Zombie (#30 in


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts: <mask> (born <mask>; 9 August 1973) is a Welsh musician, composer, arranger, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He is known as the frontman of British alternative band Colorama, as a member of The Pretenders and as a long-time collaborator with Edwyn Collins. In 2014, they worked together on the soundtrack to the film The Possibilities Are Endless which won the Mojo 'Film of the Year' Award. <mask> has also recorded electronic music as Zarelli, releasing an album, Soft Rains in 2015 which featuring the voice of Leonard Nimoy narrating the Ray Bradbury short story There Will Come Soft Rains. In 2017 <mask> formed the Welsh folk group Bendith and their self-titled album was nominated for the Welsh Music Prize and went on to win the Welsh Language Album of the Year 2017 award at National Eisteddfod of Wales. Since 2016 <mask> has hosted a regular themed radio show on Soho Radio. In 2019, <mask> embarked on the first solo project under his own name, Carwyn <mask> & Rio 18.A collaborative project sung in Welsh and recorded mainly in Rio de Janeiro. The album, Joia! was nominated for the Welsh Music Prize. A documentary film on the making of the record, Carwyn Ellis: Ar Y Cei Yn Rio went on to win the Best Welsh language short Film award at the Wales International Documentary Festival. In 2020, <mask> releases Single Cherry Blossom Promenade and EP Ti to raise funds for personal protective equipment (PPE) for Welsh health and care workers. During lockdown in UK, <mask> released Chaos Wonderland under the Colorama project on 31 July 2020  and the follow-up to 2019’s Welsh Music Prize shortlisted Joia!, <mask> released

masks:
Carwyn Ellis
Carwyn Meurig Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis
Ellis


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts:
 Carwyn Ellis & Rio 18's second album Mas on 25 February 2021. The most recent album Yn Rio by the Carwyn Ellis & Rio 18 features the BBC National Orchestra of Wales was released on 22 October 2021, originally performed live and broadcast in March 2021 on BBC Radio Cymru and BBC Radio 6 Music.Career
After a nomadic early childhood moving from town to town, <mask>' family settled in Anglesey, eventually moving to London where he studied at the Royal Academy of Music and worked with numerous bands through a myriad of genres. Among the artists that <mask> has collaborated or performed with are The Pretenders, Edwyn Collins, Saint Etienne, Sarah Cracknell, Oasis, Shane MacGowan, UNKLE, North Mississippi Allstars, James Hunter, Roddy Frame, Thee Hypnotics, The 2 Bears, Tracyanne & Danny, Gemma Ray, Lay Low (Sri Lankan-Icelandic artist) and Quruli (Japanese artist). In 2008 <mask> moved to Cardiff, emerging as a frontman in his own right and calling his band Colorama. They released their Japan-only debut album Cookie Zoo on Noise McCartney in April 2008, and released their debut single Sound via Redbricks Recordings in July 2008. In 2009, Colorama announced that their double bass player, <mask>'s best friend David Fletcher, had died at the age of 37 on 29 June, from a heart attack suffered in his sleep, just days after Colorama's appearance at Glastonbury Festival. September 2009 saw the UK release of Colorama's album Magic Lantern Show on Redbricks Recordings, featuring songs in Welsh and English. Magic Lantern Show was enthusiastically received with extensive radio play on XFM, BBC 6 Music, BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio Wales, C2 and

masks: Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts: BBC Radio Cymru.Early in 2010, <mask> joined forces with Shane MacGowan, Nick Cave, Bobby Gillespie, Chrissie Hynde, Mick Jones, Glen Matlock, Paloma Faith, Cait O'Riordan, Johnny Depp, Robert and James Walbourne, to release a charity single covering the Screamin' Jay Hawkins hit I Put a Spell on You. All the proceeds from the single went to Concern Worldwide to provide assistance to the victims of the earthquake that devastated Haiti. In autumn 2010, <mask> released Colorama's third album BOX on Noise McCartney / Bad News Records (Victor Entertainment) in Japan and via See Monkey Do Monkey Recordings in UK. Shortly afterwards, they released a Christmas single, Cerdyn Nadolig (Christmas Card), which garnered them the Welsh Christmas Number 1 on the BBC Radio Cymru chart. BOX was also nominated for the inaugural Welsh Music Prize. Amid other projects, <mask> produced and arranged Italian artist Emma Tricca's album Minor White, which was released on Finders Keepers / Bird Records in the UK, and he worked with French artist Fabienne Delsol on her album ON MY MIND (Damaged Goods), also Dan Sartain's album Dan Sartain Lives (One Little Indian Records), The Keys' album - Fire Inside (See Monkey Do Monkey Recordings) and Edwyn Collins' album Losing Sleep (Heavenly Recordings). In October 2011, Colorama released Llyfr Lliwio (Colouring Book), which was their first predominantly Welsh-language collection.During this period <mask> was a member of Roddy Frame's touring band. August 2012 saw their fifth album release - Good Music, produced by Edwyn Collins and Sebastian Lewsley, and released on Collins's new AED Records label, followed


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts: by a 12-inch single, Hapus? (Happy? ), on Aficionado Recordings in November 2012. In autumn 2012, <mask> toured Asia playing keyboards, guitar and percussion with the Pretenders. In 2013, <mask> focused on studio work, recording with Edwyn Collins, Gemma Ray, Roddy Frame and in early 2014, Japanese artists Quruli. He also produced and arranged the second album, Relic for Emma Tricca, released by Finders Keepers / Bird Records in May 2014 and co-produced the first album by Nev Cottee, Stations (Roleplay Records).In 2014, Colorama released a new EP, Heaven's Hotel, a new album TEMARI, followed by a split single, Yn Rhydiau'r Afon / Forget Tomorrow with The Joy Formidable. A compilation of all of <mask>'s Welsh songs as Colorama was released in November 2014, entitled Dere Mewn!, on his own, new Agati label. <mask> collaborated with Edwyn Collins and Seb Lewsley on the soundtrack to the film The Possibilities Are Endless, composing much of its original score, which opened in October 2014 to great critical success, winning the Mojo 'Film of the Year' Award. February 2015 saw <mask> release his first album as Zarelli, Soft Rains on the Seriés Aphōnos label – a mostly instrumental synthesizer record, featuring the voice of Leonard Nimoy reading the Ray Bradbury short story There Will Come Soft Rains. Soft Rains received a nomination for the Welsh Music Prize 2015. In June 2015 the LP Red Kite by Sarah Cracknell of Saint Etienne was released, which was co-produced, co-written and arranged by <mask>. A single, Nothing Left To Talk About (featuring Nicky Wire of Manic Street Preachers) reached Number 1 in the UK vinyl singles chart

masks: Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts: on its release.A collection of instrumentals from the album, Kites, was released in September 2016, also on Cherry Red Records. Early in 2016, <mask> began presenting an ongoing weekly radio show, X Marks The Spot on Soho Radio in London. He also presented a series called Antur Sonig on the Welsh language station BBC Radio Cymru Mwy during the autumn of 2016. A Welsh language collaborative album, Bendith made by <mask> <mask> with the folk trio, Plu was released on <mask>'s Agati label in October 2016., followed by a five track EP which was released on the Aficionado Recordings label in February 2017. A documentary film about the making of the album, Bendith: Yn Fyw O Acapela was broadcast on S4C in November 2016. The Bendith album received a nomination for the inaugural Welsh Music Prize 2017 and went on to win the Welsh Language Album of the Year 2017 award at National Eisteddfod of Wales that same year. <mask>'s collaboration with Sarah Cracknell continued into 2017 with the release of Saint Etienne's critically acclaimed Home Counties album which featured two songs co-written and co-produced by <mask>.A single, Dive which was produced and co-written by <mask> was released in September 2017, and reached Number 1 in the UK vinyl singles chart on its release. He continued to work with Edwyn Collins through 2016 and early 2017 on new recordings, including a collaborative song, Fulmar released in August 2017 as part of the Avocet Revisited EP, commissioned by Earth Recordings as a companion piece to Bert Jansch's 1979 album, Avocet. In May 2017, <mask> resumed touring with The Pretenders, again playing keyboards, guitar and

masks: Ellis Carwyn Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis Ellis


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts: percussion. In October 2017, a special edition version of their album ALONE which included a live bonus disc was released. Some Things Just Take Time came out in September 2017 on the Wonderfulsound label, and showed the group taking a more acoustic, folk-influenced direction. 2018 saw the tenth anniversary re-issue of Colorama’s debut album, Cookie Zoo, made available for the first time outside of Japan via a new Madrid-based record label, Banana & Louie Records. In 2019, <mask> embarked on the first solo project under his own name, Carwyn <mask> & Rio 18.A collaborative project sung in Welsh and recorded mainly in Rio de Janeiro, it was produced by legendary Brazilian producer, Alexandre Kassin who was introduced to <mask> by Chrissie Hynde who suggested they work together during The Pretenders tour of South America in early 2018. Musicians who collaborated on the project include Alexandre Kassin, Domenico Lancellotti, André Siqueira, Shawn Lee, Nina Miranda, Manoel Cordeiro, Georgia Ruth and Gwion Llewelyn. A documentary film on the making of the record, <mask> <mask>: Ar Y Cei Yn Rio was shown on S4C (Channel 4 Wales) in March 2019 and went on to win the Best Welsh language short Film award at the Wales International Documentary Festival. The album, Joia! came out in June 2019. In 2020, <mask> releases Single Cherry Blossom Promenade & EP Ti to raise funds for personal protective equipment (PPE) for Welsh health and care workers. <mask> was initially inspired by his record label in Madrid, Banana And Louie Records, taking part in Music for Gloves and contributing a couple of songs himself to help provide PPE in

masks: Ellis Ellis Ellis Carwyn Ellis Ellis Ellis


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts:
 Spain.During the UK lockdown, the eighth full-length album under the Colorama project Chaos Wonderland was released on 31 July 2020. The second album from his solo project Carwyn Ellis & Rio 18 called Mas was also released on 25 February 2021. Mas is a truly international project, featuring players from Wales, Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, France, England and the USA. The most recent album Yn Rio by the Carwyn Ellis & Rio 18 with the BBC National Orchestra of Wales was released on 22 October 2021, originally performed live and broadcast in March 2021 on BBC Radio Cymru & BBC Radio 6 Music. Discography

Studio albums

Carwyn Ellis & Rio 18

Colorama

Carwyn Ellis

Bendith

Zarelli

Edwyn Collins & Carwyn Ellis

Edwyn Collins, <mask> <mask>, Sebastian Lewsley

With Edwyn Collins

With The Pretenders

With Saint Etienne

With Sarah Cracknell

With Tracyanne & Danny

With Gemma Ray

With The Rails

With Fabienne Delsol

With Raf Rundell

With Nev Cottee

With Emma Tricca

With Quruli

With Roddy Frame

With Shane MacGowan & Friends

With Dan Sartain

With The Keys

With Lay Low

With Pete Molinari

With James Hunter

With Simon Scott

With Bap Kennedy

With Proud Mary

With John's Children

With North Mississippi Allstars

With Southern Fly

With Unkle

Remixes

Saint Etienne

John Stammers

AM & Shawn Lee

Soundtracks / scores

The Guts of The Sea

The Possibilities Are Endless

The World Is Not Enough

References

External links
IN CONVERSATION: Colorama’s <mask> <mask> on new ‘Chaos Wonderland’ album
Fred Perry Subculture : <mask> <mask> Interview
Willwork4funk : <mask> <mask> Biography
BarKino #55 – A World with <mask>

masks: Carwyn Ellis Carwyn Ellis Carwyn Ellis Carwyn Ellis Carwyn


title: Carwyn Ellis

texts:
 <mask> - 2021 interview with  with Pedro Montenegro on Soho Radio
PODCAST: Show Me Magic! Dydd Miwsig Cymru/Welsh Language Music Day special with Carwyn Ellis & Cath Holland - 2020 interview with Cath Holland on God Is in The Tv
Carwyn Ellis yn cyfri Bendith-ion - 2017 interview with Owain Schiavone at Y Selar (Welsh language music magazine)
In Conversation with Carwyn Ellis - 2015 interview with Graham Tomlinson at Wales Arts Review
The changing man - Carwyn Ellis at Western Mail (2013)
BBC's musical biography of Colorama
Playlists with Colorama
Carwyn Ellis discogs

1973 births
Living people
Welsh-language singers
Welsh singer-songwriters
Psychedelic folk musicians
Alumni of the Royal Academy of Music
Welsh multi-instrumentalists
21st-century Welsh male singers
Place of birth missing (living people)
British male


title: Shahrokh Shah

texts:
<mask>, better known by his dynastic title of <mask> () was the Afsharid king (shah) of the western part of Khorasan (corresponding to the present-day Khorasan Province) from 1750 to 1796, with a two-month interruption. A grandson of the Iranian conqueror <mask> (), <mask> was the son of Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar and his Safavid wife Fatemeh Soltan Begom, who was the sister of Tahmasp II, the penultimate Safavid shah of Iran. <mask>h's half-Safavid descent made him stand out amongst his Afsharid relatives, and was used to bolster the legitimacy of his grandfather. After the assassination of <mask> in 1747, his nephew Ali-qoli Khan (who assumed the regnal name <mask>), ascended the throne in Mashhad and had all of <mask>'s descendants in fortress of Kalat massacred. <mask>h was spared in case his Safavid lineage would come to use, and was instead kept in the fortress as a prisoner. While <mask> was battling his rebellious younger brother Ebrahim Mirza, a party of Turkic, Kurdish and Arab tribal leaders took advantage of his absence and installed <mask>h on the throne. Both <mask> and Ebrahim were eventually defeated and killed, but <mask>h was not long afterwards overthrown by a party of dissident tribal leaders, who installed the Safavid pretender Mir Sayyed Mohammad (who assumed the regnal name of Suleiman II) on the throne.<mask> was soon blinded at the instigation of Mir Alam Khan Khuzayma and other leading nobles, much against Suleiman II's will. A group of conspirators lead by the Turkic tribal leader Yusuf Ali Khan Jalayir eventually deposed Suleiman II and restored <mask> to the throne. Name
The name of "<mask>rokh" (, "king-to-rook") was given to him by his grandfather Nader <mask> () in remembrance of the namesake

masks:
Shahrokh Mirza
Shahrokh Shah
Nader Shah
Shahrokh
Shahrok
Nader Shah
Adel Shah
Nader Shah
Shahrok
Adel Shah
Shahrok
Adel Shah
Shahrok
Shahrokh
Shahrokh
Shah
Shah


title: Shahrokh Shah

texts:
 son and heir of the Turco-Mongol ruler Timur (). This was done by Nader <mask> to publicly represent himself as a conqueror on the same level as that of Timur. Birth and lineage
After the coronation of the Safavid prince Tahmasp II as shah of Iran in 1730, Nader <mask> married one of the latters sisters, while his eldest son Reza Qoli Mirza Afshar married another of his sisters, Fatimeh Soltan Begom. In March 1734, <mask> was born from the union of Reza Qoli Afshar and Fatimeh Soltan Begom. The news reached the court in Isfahan on the day of Nowruz (Iranian New Year), with Nader <mask> subsequently appointing <mask>h the ruler of the city of Herat.With the birth of the half-Safavid Shahrokh, Nader <mask> was able to bolster his legitimacy. Early life

In 1740, after returning from his Indian campaign, Nader <mask> minted coins in the name of Shahrokh in Herat. In 1747, as Nader <mask> became increasingly paranoid, he had <mask>h sent to the fortress of Kalat. Nader <mask> was soon murdered afterwards, by mutinous officers, on June 21, 1747. His death led to a power vacuum, which resulted in his vast empire being divided by various sovereigns. The eastern parts of his domain were seized by Uzbek and Afghan sovereigns; a former Uzbek commander of Nader <mask> named Muhammad Rahim Khan Manghit, deposed Abu al-Fayz Khan and became the new ruler of Bukhara; Ahmad Khan, the leader of the Abdali tribe and formerly part of the Afghan cadre of Nader <mask>'s army, fled to the city of Naderabad in Kandahar. There he assumed the title of Durr-i Durran (Pearl of Pearls) and thus changed the name of his Abdali tribe to "Durrani."Ahmad Khan (now titled <mask>) then went on conquer what had originally served as the frontier region

masks:
Shah
Shah
Shahrokh
Shah
Shahrok
Shah
Shah
Shah
Shahrok
Shah
Shah
Shah
Ahmad Shah


title: Shahrokh Shah

texts: between the Safavid and Mughal Empire. In Mashhad, its civil governor and superintendent of the Imam Reza Shrine, Mir Sayyed Mohammad drove the Afghans out of the city, securing it for Nader <mask>'s nephew Ali-qoli Khan, who may have had a hand in his uncle's murder. The latter had accepted the assassins of Nader <mask> into his service, and had received an invitation to Mashhad by Mir Sayyed Mohammad. On 6 July 1747, Ali-qoli Khan ascended the throne and assumed the regnal name of Soltan Ali Adel <mask>. Around the same time, he sent a small force to capture Kalat; the fortress was nearly impenetrable, however, the army eventually breached it by using an abandoned ladder on the edge one of the towers, which demonstrates that they had help from the inside. Adel <mask>'s men massacred sixteen descendants of Nader <mask>, which included three sons of Nader <mask>, five sons of Reza Qoli Mirza and eight sons of Nasrollah Mirza. Two sons of Nader <mask>, Nasrollah Mirza and Imam Qoli Mirza successfully escaped together with <mask> (who was 14 at the time), but they were soon captured near the city of Marv.While the others were executed, <mask> was the only one that was spared, in case his Safavid lineage would come to use. He was instead sent back to Kalat, where he was imprisoned. False news regarding his death soon followed. Preferring to revel in Mashhad, Adel <mask> appointed his younger brother Ebrahim Mirza as the governor of Isfahan and its surroundings. Soon thereafter, Ebrahim declared independence and joined forces with his cousin Amir Aslan Khan Afshar, the governor of Azerbaijan. Adel <mask> eventually marched towards his brother, but lost a substantial amount of his men due to desertion, and was consequently

masks: Shah Shah Shah Shah Shah Shah Shah Shahrokh Shahrokh Shah Shah