title: Steve Harley

texts: later, with the tour finished, several members left over the disagreements. Crocker, Reame-James and Jeffreys chose to quit, having unsuccessfully demanded to write material for the group despite the initial understanding that <mask> was the sole songwriter. Following the band's split, the single "Mr. Soft", taken from The Psychomodo, reached No. 8 in the UK. Left without a permanent band, <mask> soon began auditioning new musicians. Meanwhile, <mask> and Parsons worked with Dutch singer Yvonne Keeley in the studio. In August 1974, EMI released her version of "Tumbling Down" as a single, backed by another Cockney Rebel cover, "Loretta's Tale".During September, <mask> recorded his debut solo single "Big Big Deal", which was released in November. The song failed to enter the UK Top 50; however, it did enter the unnumbered BMRB's UK Breakers chart. By this time, a new line-up of Cockney Rebel had been finalised. With original drummer Stuart Elliott remaining in the band, the new line-up included guitarist Jim Cregan, keyboard player Duncan Mackay and bassist George Ford. Renamed <mask> & Cockney Rebel, they recorded the album The Best Years of Our Lives in November and December 1974, with <mask> and Parsons again producing. In January 1975, the lead single from the forthcoming album, "Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me)", was released. Becoming the band's biggest hit, the song reached the number one spot on the UK Chart in February and received a UK Silver certification that month.It was also <mask>'s only chart entry in America, reaching No. 96 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1976. In a 2002 television interview, <mask> described how

masks:
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Steve Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley


title: Steve Harley

type: original

texts: the lyrics were directed at the former band members who, he felt, had abandoned him. As of 2015, the song has sold around 1.5 million copies in the UK. The Performing Rights Society have confirmed the song as one of the most played records in British broadcasting, while over 120 cover versions of the song have been recorded by other artists. The Best Years of Our Lives was released in March 1975, reaching No. 5 in the UK.The second single from the album, "Mr. Raffles (Man, It Was Mean)", was also a success, reaching No. 13. The band embarked on a UK and European tour to promote the album. During the summer, the band recorded their fourth studio album Timeless Flight. Around the same period <mask> also produced Dutch singer Patricia Paay's album Beam of Light, with members of Cockney Rebel performing on many of the tracks. Later in the year, <mask> and the band went on tour in the US as a support act to The Kinks. As the band had not achieved commercial success in the States, the compilation A Closer Look was released exclusively for the American market.Timeless Flight was released in February 1976, and became a Top 20 UK success, peaking at No. 18; however, the two singles "Black or White" and "White, White Dove" failed to reach the UK Top 50. They reached No. 2 and No. 6 on the BMRB's UK Breakers Chart respectively. Another UK and European tour followed the album's release. Between June and September 1976, the band recorded their fifth album Love's a Prima Donna.In July they released a cover of George Harrison's "Here Comes the Sun", which reached No. 10 in the UK and became the band's last Top 40 single, discounting later

masks: Harley Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts:
 re-releases of "Make Me Smile". Love's a Prima Donna was released in October 1976 and peaked at No. 28 in the UK. It also spawned a second charting single; "(I Believe) Love's a Prima Donna", which reached No. 41. In America, "(Love) Compared with You" was released as a single.During August and September 1976, Mackay recorded his second solo album Score, which was released in 1977. <mask> wrote the lyrics to four tracks, and provided lead vocals on "Time is No Healer". In November 1976, <mask> provided backing vocals on T. Rex's song "Dandy in the Underworld", which was released as a single from the album of the same name in 1977. In December 1976, the band embarked on an eight-date UK tour to promote Love's a Prima Donna. During the early part of 1977, <mask> provided lead vocals on The Alan Parsons Project's song "The Voice" for their album I Robot. In July, <mask> disbanded Cockney Rebel, the announcement of which was followed by the release of a live album, Face to Face: A Live Recording, which reached No. 40 and spawned the single "The Best Years of Our Lives".Beginnings of solo career 1977–79
With Cockney Rebel's split, <mask> signed to EMI for a further three years and began recording his debut solo album. He flew to Los Angeles in February 1978 to complete it and soon decided to emigrate to the US. He purchased a house in Beverly Hills and stayed there for nearly a year to gain new experience and inspirations. However, <mask> later admitted that during his time in America he was never inspired to write a single song. The album Hobo with a Grin was released in July 1978, but was a commercial failure. The lead single "Roll

masks: Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts:
 the Dice" failed to chart, as did the second single, a remixed version of "Someone's Coming", which was released in early 1979. On the album, the track "Amerika the Brave" featured Marc Bolan's last studio performance, recorded shortly before his fatal car accident.<mask> returned to London at the end of 1978. In February 1979, he recorded his second solo album The Candidate. On 12 May, <mask> and Peter Gabriel appeared as guest stars at one of Kate Bush's Hammersmith Odeon concerts during her Tour of Life. The show was staged as a benefit concert for the family of lighting technician Bill Duffield, who had died after a tragic fall earlier on Bush's tour. Duffield had previously worked for <mask> and Gabriel. The concert was <mask>'s first performance on stage for over two years. Released in September, The Candidate was another commercial failure, although its single "Freedom's Prisoner" was moderately successful, peaking at No.58. In October, <mask> performed a one-off show at the Hammersmith Odeon. Following the disappointing sales of The Candidate, EMI dropped <mask> from their label. 1980–89
During the 1980s, which he would later describe as his "wilderness years", <mask> took time out from the music business while his two children were growing up. In 1980 he formed a new line-up of Cockney Rebel for a short UK tour in July, followed by a UK Christmas tour. The latter tour followed the release of the compilation The Best of <mask> and Cockney Rebel in November. During the same year "Somebody Special" and "Gi' Me Wings", two songs co-written by <mask>, were released by Rod Stewart on his 1980 album Foolish Behaviour."Somebody

masks:
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Steve Harley
Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts: Special", as the album's third single in 1981, reached No. 71 on the US Billboard Hot 100, and "Gi' Me Wings" reached No. 45 on the Billboard Top Rock Tracks chart. In 1981, <mask> was approached by Rick Wakeman to provide vocals on the song "No Name" for Wakeman's album 1984. He also made an appearance to perform the song at Wakeman's concert at the Hammersmith Odeon. <mask> and his band would embark on another small UK tour during Christmas 1981. In March 1982, the band released the non-album single "I Can't Even Touch You".Produced by Midge Ure, the song failed to chart, despite expectations that it would become a hit. In August 1982, <mask> made his acting debut as the 16th-century playwright Christopher Marlowe in the rock musical Marlowe at the John Crawford Adams Playhouse at Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York. Cockney Rebel played a one-off concert in London in June 1983, and <mask> also released the single "Ballerina (Prima Donna)", which was written and produced by Mike Batt. It was one of <mask>'s most successful singles of the decade, peaking at No. 51 in the UK. In July, the band appeared at the Reading Festival. In December 1984, <mask> and his band played a one-off concert at the Camden Palace in London.It proved to be the band's last show until 1989, and was filmed for a special TV broadcast. It was also released on VHS in 1985, titled Live from London. In 1985, <mask> signed a five-album recording contract with RAK Records and recorded "Irresistible" with Mickie Most as producer. Released as his debut single for the label in June 1985, it peaked at No. 81 in the UK. <mask> had originally offered the song to

masks: Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts: Rod Stewart, who encouraged <mask> to record it in the hope that it would put him back in the charts. Later that year, Mike Batt suggested that <mask> sing the title track of the upcoming The Phantom of the Opera musical.Andrew Lloyd Webber had decided to record and release a single to promote the upcoming musical. Agreeing to audition, <mask> was given the job and soon recorded the song with Sarah Brightman. The song reached No. 7 in the UK charts in January 1986. A music video was also created, featuring <mask> as the Phantom. A prime candidate for the role in the musical, <mask> soon auditioned to play the Phantom. Successful in getting the part, he then spent five months working on the role, including rehearsal with producer Hal Prince.He was later surprised when he ended up being replaced by Michael Crawford. While rehearsing for the musical, <mask> released the non-album single "Heartbeat Like Thunder" in April 1986, though it was a commercial failure. In June 1986, a newly remixed version of "Irresistible" appeared as a single. Released as the lead single from <mask>'s forthcoming solo album El Gran Senor, the single failed to chart. Shortly afterwards, RAK folded and was sold to EMI, leaving the album to be shelved. Later that year, <mask> starred again as Marlowe when the musical of the same name ran in London. <mask>'s performance was described by one leading critic as "a major and moving performance."During the same period, <mask> undertook an English 'A' level course, to which he devoted three hours of study each day. He passed in June 1987 with a 'B' grade. In 1988, Batt approached <mask> to provide vocals on his

masks: Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts:
 song "Whatever You Believe", alongside Jon Anderson. On 3 May 1988, the trio performed the song at a live TV broadcast at Battersea Park in London, as part of the Thames/LWT charity fundraising effort for the ITV Telethon. Later in November, a studio version was released as a charity TV tie-in single under the name Anderson, Harley & Batt. It did not chart. Following its use in a successful TV advert for Trebor Softmints, "Mr Soft" was re-issued as a single in 1988, but also failed to chart.In 1989, <mask> assembled a new line-up of Cockney Rebel and began touring in the UK and Europe. The band's return to touring was a success and has led <mask> to continue performing with various incarnations of Cockney Rebel to the present day. To promote the 1989 summer tour, <mask> released the solo single "When I'm with You", which had been recorded before the tour with ex-Cockney Rebel members Duncan Mackay and Jim Cregan at London's Point Studios. Later in October, a VHS using concert footage from the tour was released under the title The Come Back, All is Forgiven Tour: Live. In late 1989, <mask> was scheduled to play the title role in a feature film based on the true story of John 'Babbacombe' Lee, an Englishman famous for surviving three attempts to hang him for murder. However, the film never raised the necessary funding and the project was cancelled in the early 1990s. 1990–99
Throughout 1989 and 1990, <mask> continued recording material and working on a new album.During 1990, <mask> also contributed to the album Poetry in Motion by providing lead vocals on the track "Harrow on the Hill". The album consisted of fourteen tracks


title: Steve Harley

texts: featuring the words of Sir John Betjeman and music by Mike Read. In October 1991, <mask> was invited to play Night of the Proms, where he performed "Sebastian" and "Make Me Smile". By the early 1990s, <mask> and his band had established themselves as a major live act across Europe. In 1992, EMI released a new compilation album, Make Me Smile – The Best of <mask> and Cockney Rebel, along with a re-issue of "Make Me Smile" as a single, which reached No. 46 in the UK. <mask>'s solo album Yes You Can was released in Europe in 1992 and the UK in 1993.The album featured a mix of older songs dating from the El Gran Senor period, as well as some newer tracks. In Europe, "Irresistible" was released as a single from the album, while "Star for a Week (Dino)" was released as a UK promotional single in 1993. In 1995, the live compilation Live at the BBC was released; it included some early Cockney Rebel sessions from 1974, as well as a 1992 session. The same year saw a re-issue of "Make Me Smile" reach No. 33 in the UK. <mask> released a new studio album, Poetic Justice, in 1996, which was a critical success. In 1997, he participated in the Granada Men & Motors TV music quiz show Elvis Has Just Left the Building, hosted by Mike Sweeney, with Noddy Holder and Clint Boon as team captains.In 1998, <mask> embarked on his first acoustic tour "Stripped to the Bare Bones". Alongside Cockney Rebel violinist/guitarist Nick Pynn, the pair played over a hundred dates, including fifty-four concerts in the UK alone. Coinciding with the tour was the release of the new compilation album More Than Somewhat – The Very Best of <mask>, which reached No. 82 in

masks:
Harley
Harley
Steve Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Steve Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts:
 the UK. In September 1999, the live acoustic album Stripped to the Bare Bones was released, which had been recorded at The Jazz Café in London during March 1998. In 1999, the new compilation The Cream of Steve <mask> & Cockney Rebel was released, which would later reach No. 21 on the UK Budget Albums Chart in 2006.In 1999, <mask> began presenting the BBC Radio programme The Sounds of the Seventies, with the first series that year featuring eight editions. He also formed his own label "Comeuppance" that year. 2000–09

In 2000, <mask> re-issued his first two solo albums Hobo with a Grin and The Candidate on CD through Comeuppance, while in March–May he embarked the acoustic tour "Stripped Again", accompanied by Cockney Rebel guitarist Robbie Gladwell. That same year saw the airing of the second series of The Sounds of the Seventies show, which had twelve editions across 2000. Following high listening figures for the first two series, <mask> accepted the BBC's offer to present the show all-year round. To accommodate his touring schedule, <mask> began the new deal by pre-recording three shows at a time. The show continued for the next eight years, with the last programme airing on 27 March 2008.The show reached an audience of over 400,000 weekly. In 2000, <mask> started working on a new studio album and began talks with various record companies. Although no album would surface for a few years, the single "A Friend for Life" was released in April 2001. It reached No. 125 in the UK. Co-written with Jim Cregan, <mask> had offered the song to Rod Stewart, who would later record a version for his 2015 album Another Country. In 2001,

masks: Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts: <mask> and the band embarked on their first tour in four years, which was named "Back with the Band".Since 2002, <mask> has been involved with the charity Mines Advisory Group. He later became an Ambassador for the charity and has led two fundraising treks; one around Cambodia in 2002 and the other across Death Valley in 2007. During 2002, <mask> was also awarded a Gold Badge of Merit by the British Academy of Composers and Songwriters. In 2003, <mask> released the acoustic live album Acoustic and Pure: Live, featuring recordings from various UK concerts played during the previous autumn with Cregan. Towards the end of the year, <mask> travelled to Cologne to collaborate with German artist Guido Dossche on the song "Ich Bin Gott", which was released as a single in Germany in 2004. In 2004, the live album Anytime! (A Live Set) was released under the name The <mask> Band.During June of that year, <mask> & Cockney Rebel played at the Isle of Wight Festival. The full performance was released on DVD in 2005, titled Live at the Isle of Wight Festival. In June 2005, a newly recorded version of "Make Me Smile" was released, dubbed as the "30th Anniversary Re-mix", which reached No. 55 in the UK. A new studio album, The Quality of Mercy, was released in 2005, which was <mask>'s first studio album to be released under the Cockney Rebel name since 1976. To promote the album, the band embarked on their biggest UK and European tour since the 1970s, with over 50 dates set between September–December. The album was a critical success and also charted at No.40 in Norway in early 2006. The album included "A Friend for Life", while "The Last

masks:
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Steve Harley
Steve Harley
Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts:
 Goodbye" was released from it as a single in 2006. It reached No. 186 in the UK, and No. 21 on the UK Independent Singles Chart. In 2006, EMI released a CD box-set compilation album spanning Cockney Rebel and <mask>'s solo work, titled The Cockney Rebel - A <mask> Anthology. In 2007, <mask> starred with Mike Bennett in the West End premiere of the Samuel Beckett plays Rough for Theatre I and Rough for Theatre II.The plays ran for a week in July at London's Arts Theatre. In 2008, <mask> released his first book The Impression of Being Relaxed. Published by Halstar, it is a collection of diary entries <mask> had published on his website between 2000 and 2008. In 2009, <mask> received a Special Award from Childline Rocks for his work for charity at the Classic Rock magazine Award ceremony at London's Park Lane Hotel. His work raising money for the Mines Advisory group and several schools for Disabled Children were cited in a speech delivered by blues guitarist Joe Bonamassa. 2010–present

During September and October 2009, <mask> and his band returned to the studio to record a new album at Leeders Farm Residential Studios. In May 2010, <mask> released his new studio album Stranger Comes to Town, which peaked at No.187 in the UK. Described by <mask> as a protest album, two digital singles were released from the album; "Faith & Virtue" and "For Sale. Baby Shoes. Never Worn". Earlier that year in February, <mask>, a self-confessed technophobe, attributed poor literacy rates and the moral corrosion of British society to modern technology. In April 2012, <mask> teamed up with Australian guitarist Joe Matera and embarked on a promotional

masks:
Harley
Steve Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley
Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts: tour of Australia. The pair made a number of appearances on radio and TV, performing live acoustic sessions.This included the SBS TV show RocKwiz, Noise 11 TV and Melbourne radio station Gold FM 104.3. In October 2012, EMI released a remastered four-disc box-set anthology compilation Cavaliers: An Anthology 1973-1974, which chronicled the recording career of the original Cockney Rebel line-up. On 24 November 2012, <mask> and his band, along with the Orchestra of the Swan and their Chamber Choir, performed the first two Cockney Rebel albums The Human Menagerie and The Psychomodo in their entirety for the first time. A live double-CD and DVD was released in October 2013 of this performance, titled Birmingham. The album peaked at No. 158 in the UK and No. 36 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.In 2014, <mask> and the band performed the same show again four times in the UK. In January 2015, "Make Me Smile" re-charted at No. 72 in the UK, after Top Gear presenters Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May urged viewers to download the song, as part of their discussion that <mask> had recently received a speeding fine. Later in September, <mask>'s first new song of five years, "Ordinary People", was released as a single on iTunes. In November, <mask> and the surviving members of the original second line-up of Cockney Rebel, embarked on a 16-date UK tour to celebrate the 40th anniversary of The Best Years of Our Lives album. On the tour, the band were backed by the MonaLisa Twins. In 2015, <mask> pledged to help raise funds for a new memorial to his late friend Mick Ronson.In April 2016, <mask> played for free at the Hull City Hall


title: Steve Harley

texts: to help kick-start the appeal. In November 2016, <mask> was one of a number of musicians who teamed up with British Members of Parliament and the Royal Opera House Thurrock Community Chorus to record a charity version of the Rolling Stones song "You Can't Always Get What You Want" in memory of Labour MP Jo Cox. The song was released by Chrysalis Records in December 2016, with all proceedings going to the Jo Cox Foundation. It reached No. 136 on the UK Singles Chart, No. 24 on the UK Singles Sales Chart and No. 9 on the Top 30 Indie Singles Chart.After the success of 1998 and 1999's respective 'Stripped To The Bare Bones' and 'Stripped Again' tours, <mask> would continue to tour in an acoustic format. Firstly with Jim Cregan and a selection of other members of Cockney Rebel, depending on the exact date of the show, in 2002. This format produced 2003's 'Acoustic and Pure: Live' album. With the exception of the 2015 reunion, which was in the full band format, Cregan would next join <mask> for 2 acoustic shows in March 2020, which otherwise featured <mask> performing alone. In 2003 and 2004, the 5-piece acoustic line-up that played 2004's 'Anytime! (A Live Set)' album was put together, featuring Lascelles on percussion, Gladwell on lead guitar, Wickens on violin/guitar, and Anderson on double bass. In 2005 and 2006, this format was used in Holland and Belgium while promoting 2005's 'The Quality Of Mercy' album, and these shows are notable for featuring significant rearrangements of some of the songs from the album, which were never played during concerts in England.These shows were played without Anderson. Between 2010 and 2019

masks: Harley Harley Harley Harley


title: Steve Harley

texts:
 these concerts were revived as a 3-man line-up, with <mask> alongside Wickens and Lascelles (this time on keyboards and percussion, as per his role in the full rock band shows). These shows were originally marketed as the '3-man acoustic show' before being renamed to 'Acoustic Trio' in 2016. The shows in 2010 were marketed as an 'Acoustic Set', as they were the first acoustic shows since 2004. This format was phased out in 2020 - in order to promote <mask>'s new album 'Uncovered'- in favour of a revived 4-man line-up, though with David Delarre on lead guitar, and Oli Hayhurst on double bass, with <mask> and Wickens reprising their roles. The COVID-19 pandemic delayed most of the shows on this tour - with only the first 9 played as planned. Two shows were however played in late-September 2020, both in the acoustic trio format, though Hayhurst accompanied the trio on the second of these shows.In addition, <mask> held an online Q and A session via Zoom Videoconferencing in mid-December 2020, and will hold another in late-November 2021. In the aftermath of the 2020 pandemic, <mask>'s live shows eventually resumed in July 2021. The set-lists for these shows are notable in that they include much material that has been left unplayed for, in some cases, almost 30 years. Personal life
<mask> lives in North Essex with his wife, Dorothy, whom he married at Marylebone Register Office in February 1981. They have two children, Kerr and Greta. In 1991, the pair celebrated their tenth anniversary with a wedding blessing ceremony at their local church in Belchamp Otten, Essex. <mask> has been involved in racehorse ownership since 1984, and


title: Steve Harley

texts:
 racing has become his main pastime.Partial discography

Studio albums

 The Human Menagerie (1973) (as Cockney Rebel)
 The Psychomodo (1974) (as Cockney Rebel)
 The Best Years of Our Lives (1975) (as <mask> & Cockney Rebel)
 Timeless Flight (1976) (as <mask> & Cockney Rebel)
 Love's a Prima Donna (1976) (as <mask> & Cockney Rebel)
 Hobo with a Grin (1978)
 The Candidate (1979)
 Yes You Can (1992)
 Poetic Justice (1996)
 The Quality of Mercy (2005) (as <mask> & Cockney Rebel)
 Stranger Comes to Town (2010)
 Uncovered (2020)

References

External links
BBC Radio 2 Biography
Official <mask> website

1951 births
Living people
People from Deptford
English male singers
English radio presenters
English rock singers
English songwriters
Rak Records artists
People with polio
Glam rock musicians
Musicians from Kent
<mask> Harley & Cockney Rebel members
British male

masks:
Steve Harley
Steve Harley
Steve Harley
Steve Harley
Steve Harley
Steve


title: Jean-Paul Viguier

texts:
Jean-<mask> (born 4 May 1946) is a French architect. He is considered one of the world's leading architects and one of the few French ones to work extensively outside of Europe. Early works
Graduated from the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in 1970, Jean-Paul Viguier, with Jean Bossu and Georges-Henri Pingusson, founded the teaching unit n°5. 3 years later, he received a "master of city planning in urban design" at the Harvard University, and, as he came back in France, he hosted a section of urban architecture in the journal Urbanisme. From 1975-1992, projects were carried out in association with Jean-François Jodry. In 1981, he won the "first prize of the jury" in the competition for the Opera Bastille and then, in 1983, the "first tie price" for the project head Defense. In 1986, he won alongside Alain Provost, Patrick Berger and Gilles Clément, the competition for the construction of the Parc André-Citroën in Paris, whose creation will last 6 years (1992-2002) soon after they won the Seville Expo’92 contest for the French Pavilion.In 1988, he designed The Atrium : headquarters of the Caisse des Depots et Consignations in Boulogne-Billancourt. In 1990, he won the competition organized by the Public Establishment for the development of the Defence area for the construction of the Heart defense complex at the Esso headquarters location. Then he realized the headquarters of France Télévisions in Paris, as well as many others, such as Alstom in Saint-Ouen and AstraZeneca and Bristol-Myers Squibb in Rueil-Malmaison. Jean-Paul Viguier et Associés practice
Jean-Paul Viguier Architecture and Associates works on a very wide range of building types. In the area of housing,


title: Thomas Doughty (explorer)

texts:
<mask> (1545 – 2 July 1578) was an English nobleman, soldier, scholar and personal secretary of Christopher Hatton. His association with Francis Drake, on a 1577 voyage to raid Spanish treasure fleets, ended in a shipboard trial for treason and witchcraft, and <mask>'s execution. Although some scholars doubt the validity of the charges of treason, and question Drake's authority to try and execute Doughty, the incident set an important precedent: according to a history of the English Navy, titled To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World by Arthur L. Herman, Doughty's execution established the idea that a ship's captain was its absolute ruler, regardless of the rank or social class of its passengers. Source of conflict

Doughty befriended Drake during Drake's military actions in Ireland. Drake, <mask> and John Wynter left Plymouth, England in 1577, purportedly on a simple trip to Alexandria. Drake's real mission was to interfere with Spanish treasure fleets in the New World; whether he proceeded with the full knowledge and sanction of Queen Elizabeth I, and whether his original intent was the circumnavigation of the globe are still topics of scholarly debate (see Kelsey, "Sir Francis Drake: the Queen's Pirate.") The three men apparently shared responsibility for the voyage but Drake soon assumed the role of commander of the expedition, a matter which caused friction between Drake and the aristocratic <mask>.Doughty was given command of a captured Portuguese ship, the Santa Maria (renamed Mary). The tension

masks:
Thomas Doughty
Doughty
Doughty
Doughty


title: Thomas Doughty (explorer)

texts:
 between Drake and Doughty worsened when Doughty caught Drake's brother, <mask>, stealing from the captured cargo of the vessel. Drake assumed command of the Mary and reassigned Doughty to command his flagship the Pelican. During the long voyage across the Atlantic, Drake's hostility increased, fuelled by the rancor of his brother. Drake eventually demoted Doughty to command of a tiny supply vessel named Swan. This insult proved too much for Doughty to take, and he began to complain bitterly about "the Captain General". Charges
When the Swan became separated from the rest of the fleet during a severe storm, Drake became convinced that Doughty was practising witchcraft.On 17 May 1578, upon the reunion of the fleet, Drake and Doughty had a final quarrel; Drake struck Doughty and ordered him tied to the mast. By 3 June both <mask> and his brother, <mask>, had been put under house arrest and the sailors forbidden from interacting with them. Drake accused Doughty of being "a conjurer and a seditious person", and his brother of being "a witch and a poisoner". Trial and execution
The fleet arrived at Puerto San Julián, a natural harbour in Patagonia in the Santa Cruz Province of Argentina on 20 June. Doughty's trial began on the 30th; Drake charged Doughty with not only mutiny, but treason. Doughty first appealed to be taken with the fleet as a prisoner and tried upon return to England, but Drake refused. Doughty next demanded that Drake show his commission from the Queen allowing him such jurisdiction, which Drake again refused, to

masks:
Thomas Drake
Doughty
John Doughty


title: Thomas Doughty (explorer)

texts: which lawyer and friend of Doughty, Leonard Vicary, responded, "This is not lawe nor agriable to justice."Drake responded, "I have not...to do with you crafty lawyars, neythar care I for the lawe, but I know what I wyll do." The main body of evidence against Doughty is referenced in manuscripts found in the British Library and compiled in William Sandys Wright Vaux's edition of The World Encompassed, based on a log kept by Drake's chaplain, Francis Fletcher. This material contains a number of statements by Doughty that may have been made in the heat of anger. The statements could be interpreted as seditious, but would not be likely to be judged mutinous by a court of law (examined at length in Robinson and Hannay; the charges are reproduced in Vaux). There were two very damning pieces of evidence: the testimony of Edward Bright, the ship's carpenter, which, alone of the accusations, Doughty openly denied, and Doughty's own admission that he had disclosed the true purpose of their voyage to William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, a staunch advocate of avoiding trouble with the Spanish. Drake painted the disclosure to Burghley as a betrayal of Queen Elizabeth; nevertheless, the jury of crewmen convicted Doughty of mutiny only, rejecting the charge of treason, and only after Drake prevaricated about whether he would seek <mask>'s death. After obtaining the guilty verdict, Drake convened the jury and produced various documents from English nobility in support of Drake; he did not, however, produce a royal commission, which he claimed to


title: Thomas Doughty (explorer)

texts:
 have left on board his ship.Arguing that Doughty was a threat to his life and the expedition in general, Drake demanded execution. The men eventually agreed although some reluctantly; Drake then asked if there were any reasonable proposals of alternative solutions. <mask> himself suggested that he be set loose once the fleet reached Peru, but Drake refused, claiming that Doughty would alert the Spaniards to their mission. John Wynter volunteered to keep Doughty prisoner on his ship, Elizabeth, to which Drake initially agreed, but qualified the statement by saying that the ship would then have to return to England with no share of the treasure they would gain from attacking Spanish ships. Wynter was soon shouted down by his crewmen, and Doughty's fate was sealed. Doughty requested that he and Drake receive Communion together, and as reported by the contemporary account of Francis Fletcher, "And after this holy repast, they dined also at the same table together, as cheerfully, in sobriety, as ever in their lives they had done aforetime, each cheering up the other, and taking their leave, by drinking each to other, as if some journey only had been in hand." On 2 July 1578, <mask> was beheaded.Shortly thereafter, Drake changed the name of his flagship from The Pelican to The Golden Hind purportedly to honour Christopher Hatton, whose crest was the hind, perhaps as an attempt to smooth over the Doughty incident. Aftermath and analysis
The conditions of the case – the initial close friendship of the men, the unlikely amicability of

masks:
Doughty
Thomas Doughty


title: Thomas Doughty (explorer)

texts: Doughty upon his demise – have inspired numerous theories as to what may have truly transpired between <mask> and Drake. Drake's own family eventually perpetuated the rumour that Doughty had been intimate with Drake's wife, Mary. Other historians have speculated that Doughty had been a spy in the employ of Burghley throughout the voyage. Analysis indicates, however, that not all of the men wished to be a part of what was swiftly becoming a pirate raid; John Wynter specifically spoke against it. Kelsey concludes that Drake wanted to set a stern example against indiscipline in the crew; his choice to hold Doughty's trial on the same spot where Ferdinand Magellan had executed his mutineers could hardly have been coincidental. Nevertheless, the rest of the circumnavigation was plagued by bouts of dissent.In January 1580, when Drake became stranded upon a reef off the Celebes Sea, the ship's chaplain Francis Fletcher gave a sermon connecting their woes to the unjust demise of Doughty. For this action, Drake not only relieved Fletcher of his duties but chained him to a hatch cover and, despite his obvious lack of authority to do so, pronounced him excommunicated. The <mask> incident continued to haunt Drake upon his return to England. There, <mask>, brother of the deceased, sought legal recourse, but the action was dismissed on a technicality. There was also gossip about the inexplicable promotion of the carpenter, Edward Bright, to the position of master of the ship Marigold, which was inevitably read as payment for falsifying

masks:
Doughty
Doughty
John Doughty


title: Thomas Doughty (explorer)

texts:
 testimony against Doughty. Drake was never able to produce documents showing he had clear authority to act as he did. There was even a rumour, almost certainly false, that Drake was under hire by the Earl of Leicester to kill Doughty.According to the contemporary screed Leicester's Commonwealth (1584), Leicester desired <mask>'s death because Doughty could incriminate him in the alleged murder of Walter Devereux, Earl of Essex. John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, refers to the Doughty incident in his poem "Portsmouth's Looking Glass", as if it is a casual reference to judicial malfeasance that his readership will immediately recognise. In popular culture
<mask>'s execution is the subject of Robert E. Howard's Solomon Kane poem, "The One Black Stain". In the episode of the 1960s UK children's  TV series Sir Francis Drake 'The Doughty Plot', the story of how Doughty was tried and executed is recounted, though it is not historically accurate and makes Drake out as the hero. In 1980, "Drake's Venture", a full costume drama of the key events was made for television, with John Thaw as Francis Drake and Paul Darrow as <mask>y. Notes

References
 Andrews, K.R. "The Aims of Drake's Expedition of 1577–1580."The American Historical Review, Vol. 73, No. 3. (Feb. 1968), pp. 724–741. Bawlf, Samuel. The Secret Voyage of Sir Francis Drake.New York, Penguin, 2004. Camden, William. Annals. Corbett, Julian. Drake and the Tudor Navy. : Longmans. Green and Co., 1898.Cummins, John. "That 'Golden Knight': Drake and His Reputation." History Today Jan

masks:
Doughty
Doughty
Thomas Dought


title: Thomas Doughty (explorer)

texts: 1996. Hannay, David. "The Case of Mr. Doughty." Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.163 (Jan–June 1898): 796–808. Herman, Arthur. To Rule the Waves: How the British Navy Shaped the Modern World. New York, Harper Perennial, 2004. Inquisitiones post mortem re <mask>y Snr 1568 C 142/149/74. Johnson, Samuel. "The Life of Sir Francis Drake."The Works of Samuel Johnson. Arthur Murphy (ed.) 1816. Kelsey, Harry. Sir Francis Drake: the Queen's Pirate. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1998. "Leicester's Commonwealth."Moelker, Rene. "Norbert Elias: maritime supremacy and the naval profession." British Journal of Sociology Vol. No. 54 Issue No. 3 (September 2003) pp. 373–390.Purchas, Samuel. Purchas his pilgrimes In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinae with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... 1625.Robinson, Gregory. "The Trial and Death of <mask>." The Mariner's Mirror 7(1921): 271–282. Robjohns, Sydney. "Buckland Abbey and Sir

masks:
Thomas Dought
Thomas Doughty


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
<mask> (; born May 17, 1971) is an American politician and venture capitalist serving since 2021 as the 40th and current United States Secretary of Commerce. A member of the Democratic Party, she previously served as the 75th and first female Governor of Rhode Island from 2015 to 2021. She served as General Treasurer of Rhode Island from 2011 to 2015. She was selected as the Democratic candidate for Rhode Island's governorship in the 2014 election. <mask> won the election on November 4, 2014, with 41% of the vote, in a three-way race, against the mayor of Cranston, Republican Allan Fung, and businessman Robert J. Healey. She won re-election on November 6, 2018. She resigned as Governor in March 2021 after being confirmed by the U.S. Senate to serve as the United States Secretary of Commerce.<mask> was confirmed by a vote of 84 to 15. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born in 1971 in Smithfield, Rhode Island, where she later grew up. Of Italian descent, she is the youngest of Josephine (Piro) and <mask>'s three children. Her father, Joseph (1926–2014), made his career at the Bulova watch factory in Providence, Rhode Island. He became unemployed at 56 when the Bulova company decamped operations to China, shuttering the factory in Providence. Raimondo was a childhood friend of U.S. Senator Jack Reed.Raimondo graduated from LaSalle Academy, in Providence, as one of the first girls allowed to attend the Catholic school, where she was valedictorian. <mask> graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree magna cum laude in economics from Harvard College in 1993, where she served on the staff of The Harvard Crimson. While at Harvard, she resided in Quincy House. She attended New College, Oxford as a Rhodes Scholar, where she received a Master of

masks:
Gina Marie Raimondo
Raimondo
Raimondo
Gina Marie
Raimondo
Joseph Raimondo
Raimondo


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
 Security Act (RIRSA) was enacted by the General Assembly on November 17, 2012, with bipartisan support in both chambers. The next day, Lincoln Chafee signed RIRSA into law. The legality of RIRSA was challenged in court by the public employee unions, but a settlement was reached in June 2015. Under <mask>'s tenure, the pension fund was criticized for underperforming when compared with its peers. Raimondo's critics attributed the underperformance to a sharp increase in fees paid to hedge fund managers while her supporters argued investments in hedge funds stabilize investments during market downturns for more consistent returns over time. Municipalities
Raimondo created the Ocean State Investment Pool (OSIP), a low-cost investment vehicle intended to help the state and municipalities better manage and improve the investment performance of their liquid assets, which are used for day-to-day operations including payroll and operating expenses.$500million in funds could be eligible for the program, which would enable Treasury "to extend its expertise to municipalities and improve investment returns by creating economies of scale". The program launched on April 23, 2012. Payday lending
During the Rhode Island General Assembly's 2012 session, Raimondo advocated for a decrease in the maximum allowable interest rate on payday loans in Rhode Island. She hosted a roundtable discussion with then Providence mayor Angel Taveras and members of the Rhode Island Payday Reform Coalition. Raimondo submitted letters to the Senate and House Corporations Committees in support of payday reform legislation. She wrote "Far too many families are facing financial challenges that might be mitigated or avoided through a greater understanding of personal finance," and


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
 "payday loans exploit that lack of understanding... With numerous economic challenges, Rhode Island should not permit the sale of a financial product that traps so many customers in a cycle of debt." Raimondo wrote an op-ed in the edition of May 29, 2012 of The Providence Journal in support of payday lending reform.Governor of Rhode Island (2015–2021)

<mask> was elected governor of Rhode Island on November 4, 2014, winning 41% of the vote in a three-way race, defeating challengers Allan Fung (R) and Robert J. Healey of the Moderate Party. Raimondo is the first female governor of Rhode Island. At the time of her resignation, she was one of nine incumbent female governors of the United States. When she ran for governor, Rhode Island had the nation's highest unemployment rate. Raimondo has cut taxes every year and removed eight thousand pages of regulationsthirty percent of the state's regulations. She raised the state minimum wage to $11.50, created a sick-leave entitlement, financed the largest infrastructure program in the state's history, appointed more judges of color than any previous Rhode Island governor, and made community colleges tuition-free. Raimondo was elected to serve as the vice chair of the Democratic Governors Association for the 2018 election cycle.She was subsequently elected as chair of the Democratic Governors Association in 2019. Raimondo ran for and won reelection to a second term as Governor of Rhode Island in 2018, becoming the first candidate to secure a majority of votes for that office since 2006. Approval ratings
Between assuming office and the end of 2019, Raimondo consistently ranked towards the bottom of approval ratings for all governors in the United States. In April 2020, in the midst of the COVID-19


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
 pandemic, Microsoft News conducted a poll to determine how well governors across the U.S. were handling mitigation of COVID-19. The poll found 76% of Rhode Islanders said they approved of the work done by Raimondo and her administration "to keep people safe" during the ongoing crisis. Partnering with CVS, the nation's largest pharmacy chain, headquartered in Woonsocket, her state has achieved one of the nation's highest per capita levels of testing for COVID-19. Her approval rating has soared during the pandemic.The poll found majority support across all 50 states for how governors are handling the pandemic. <mask> was tied with the governors of North Dakota and Utah for the 12th-highest rating. Criticism

State Health and Human Services computer system failure
A widely-criticized rollout of a new computer network system for the Rhode Island Executive Office of Health and Human Services dubbed the "Unified Health Infrastructure Project" (UHIP) in September 2016 saw scores of people without access to government programs such as food stamps and child care due to glitches in the software, designed by Deloitte. This computer crash created a backlog of more than 20,000 cases. The Raimondo Administration received several letters from the federal government in August and September 2016 warning that UHIP was not ready to be launched. On the orders of Raimondo, the UHIP launch occurred as planned despite these federal warnings. The U.S. Food and Nutrition Service's Northeast Regional Administrator, Kurt Messner, urged Raimondo to postpone the launch because it would interrupt or interfere with benefits the agency oversees.Messner said in the letter which local news outlets described as "strongly-worded" that "the transition plan remains inadequate


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
 federal report noted that DCYF services were "inadequate, not developed when needed, or lacked consistent monitoring".Harvard Kennedy School professor and former Obama Administration official Jeffrey Liebman agreed with the recommendations and analysis of the report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and claimed that the DCYF is "the most messed-up agency ever". With Piccola's departure, the interim director is DCYF executive legal counsel Kevin Aucoin. Aucoin has served in an interim director capacity twice before when DCYF was without a permanent Director. Secretary of the Rhode Island Executive Office of Health and Human Services and Raimondo cabinet member Womazetta Jones said in December 2019 that she was "very determined to stay the course of not hiring anybody unless it's the right person". As of December 2020 DCYF does not have a permanent Director. During <mask>'s tenure as Governor, the Department of Children, Youth and Families (DCYF) has focused on shifting children from congregate settings to licensed foster homes. DCYF has increased its capacity and utilization of licensed foster homes, including an increase in the number of licensed kinship families, from 280 in October 2019 to 576 in June 2020.As of December 2020, 83% of all children placed in out-of-home care are placed in a foster home. Since 2015, the Department’s intensive reforms have resulted in a 43% reduction in the number of youth placed in congregate care and a 39% reduction in the number of youth placed in out-of-state congregate care. At the same time, the Department has increased the number of children placed in licensed foster family homes. Bloomberg 2020 campaign involvement
In early February 2020, Raimondo appeared alongside former


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
 Republican New York City Mayor and Democratic presidential hopeful Michael Bloomberg at the Wexford Innovation Center in Providence to endorse his candidacy, a move she described as "an easy call". Raimondo was named a national co-chair for the Bloomberg campaign. Press secretary Jennifer Bogdan Jones of the Governor's Office told The Providence Journal "[Raimondo] is prepared to do whatever it takes to support Mike and defeat President Trump." As campaign co-chair, Raimondo would have "provided advice and attended events".Less than a month later, however, Bloomberg dropped out of the race and endorsed former Vice President Joe Biden. On the same day, Raimondo also endorsed Biden. She said Bloomberg "obviously" performed poorly on the debate stage but supporting his candidacy "was an easy decision for me at the beginning. But [supporting Biden] is an easy decision, too." Raimondo concluded that it was now time "to unify behind Joe Biden". Clash with New York Gov. Cuomo over COVID-19 quarantine
On March 28, 2020, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo threatened Raimondo with a lawsuit over a new state quarantine policy, which would make sure people from New York, which had been hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, would self-quarantine for 14 days upon arrival in Rhode Island.On March 29, Raimondo repealed the order that specifically referred to New Yorkers, and broadened it to include any out-of-state traveler entering Rhode Island with intent to stay. Secretary of Commerce (2021–present)

Nomination
Following the 2020 United States presidential election, <mask> was routinely mentioned as a possible cabinet secretary in the incoming Biden Administration. Though first seen as a likely Secretary of Health and Human Services, <mask> announced on

masks: Raimondo Raimondo


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
 December 3, 2020, that she would not be taking that role. She was also considered for Secretary of the Treasury. On January 7, 2021, Biden announced he would nominate <mask> to serve as his Secretary of Commerce. She appeared before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation on January 26. On March 1, the Senate voted 84–15 in favor of cloture on the nomination, and confirmed <mask>
<mask> was duly sworn in by Vice President Kamala Harris on March 3, 2021. In August 2021, Politico reported that Raimondo has become one of the "administration’s secret weapons on the Hill" due to her role in negotiating the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA). Global chip shortage
As Secretary of Commerce, Raimondo has helped lead the U.S. response to the global chip shortage, and has urged Congress to pass legislation that would boost domestic semiconductor manufacturing. Raimondo has argued that the chip shortage presents a national and economic security threat to U.S. interests. Cybersecurity policy
During <mask>'s tenure, the Department of Commerce sanctioned NSO Group for selling spyware technology. As Secretary of Commerce, Raimondo has worked with other administration officials, such as Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, on coordinating cybersecurity policy. Relations with China
In September 2021, Raimondo accused China of violating the intellectual property (IP) rights of U.S> companies, and stated that the Chinese government has put in place "all kinds of different barriers for American companies to do business in China."In October 2021, Raimondo was criticized for stating ‘there’s no point in talking about decoupling’ our economy from China’s' by Senator Tom Cotton. Other
Raimondo was the only

masks: Raimondo Raimondoure Raimondo Raimondo


title: Gina Raimondo

texts:
 Cabinet member not to attend Joe Biden's first State of the Union address on March 1, 2022, since was chose as the designated survivor. Electoral history

Personal life and recognition
On December 1, 2001, Raimondo married Andrew Kind Moffit, in Providence. The couple have two children, Cecilia and <mask> Moffit. The family resides on the east side of Providence. Raimondo is a practicing Roman Catholic. Raimondo is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and an Aspen Institute Rodel fellow.She was awarded an honorary degree from Bryant University, in 2012; and has received awards from the northern Rhode Island chamber of commerce and the YWCA of northern Rhode Island. Raimondo was elected alumni fellow at Yale, in 2014. Community service
Raimondo serves as vice chair of the board of directors of Crossroads Rhode Island, the state's largest homeless services organization. Until 2011, she was an administrator of Women and Infants Hospital and chair of its Quality Committee. She has served on the boards of La Salle Academy and Family Service of Rhode Island. See also
List of female governors in the United States
List of female United States Cabinet members
COVID-19 pandemic in Rhode Island

References

External links

Biography at the United States Department of Commerce
Campaign website

Inauguration Program from the Rhode Island State Archives

1971 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
21st-century Roman Catholics
Alumni of New College, Oxford
American business executives
American politicians of Italian descent
American Rhodes Scholars
American venture capitalists
American women business executives
Biden administration cabinet members
Businesspeople from Rhode Island
Catholics from Rhode


title: Charles Rogers (wide receiver)

texts:
<mask> (May 23, 1981 – November 11, 2019) was an American professional football player who was a wide receiver for three seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Michigan State Spartans, earning unanimous All-American honors and recognition as the top college wide receiver in the country. The Detroit Lions selected him with the second overall pick in the 2003 NFL Draft, but he was out of the league after only three years due to injuries and off-field issues. Early years
<mask> was born and raised in Saginaw, Michigan to a single mother. <mask> lived with his grandfather at age six while his mother served a one-year prison sentence and again during high school when his mother took a night job. At Saginaw High School, <mask> played on the football, basketball, and track teams. In football, he was a three-time all-state honoree.College career
While attending Michigan State University, <mask> played for the Spartans from 2000 to 2002. He broke numerous receiving records. <mask> still holds the school records for most touchdowns in a career with 27, breaking the record held by former Spartans wide receiver Kirk Gibson, and the school record for most receiving yards in a single game with 270. He broke Randy Moss's NCAA record of 13 consecutive games with a touchdown catch. During <mask>' 2002 junior season, he had 68 receptions for 1,351 yards and 13 touchdowns, won the Fred Biletnikoff Award and Paul Warfield Trophy as the best college wide receiver in the nation, and was recognized as a unanimous All-American. His stock went up dramatically in his junior year when, in a game against Notre Dame, he outjumped two defenders to catch a Jeff Smoker pass in the back of the end zone, then managed to keep his left foot in bounds to score a touchdown. College statistics

Professional career
The Detroit Lions selected <mask> with the second overall pick in the 2003 NFL Draft, one pick ahead of University of Miami wide receiver Andre Johnson.<mask> caught 22 passes for 243 yards and three touchdowns during his

masks:
Charles Benjamin Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers


title: Charles Rogers (wide receiver)

texts:
 first five games of the 2003 season, before breaking his clavicle during a one-on-one drill with Dré Bly in practice, leaving him out for the season. On the third play of the 2004 season, against the Chicago Bears, <mask> suffered another broken clavicle, knocking him out for the season. He was so devastated by the injury that the Lions allowed him to go home for the remainder of the season. Years later, Lions general manager Matt Millen said that in hindsight, he made a mistake by letting <mask> be away from the team for an extended period of time. <mask> was suspended for four games in 2005 for a third violation of the NFL's substance abuse policy. As a result of this violation, the Lions filed a grievance, claiming that his drug suspension violated a clause in his contract, which meant <mask> was obligated to return $10 million of the $14.2 million the Lions gave him in bonuses. Upon his return from suspension, <mask> played only nine games, with three starts, and was declared inactive for four games.He caught 14 passes for 197 yards and one touchdown. On September 2, 2006, <mask> was released by the Lions. New coach Rod Marinelli was not impressed with <mask>' humdrum effort during training camp; he said of <mask>' release, "We picked the men that are right for this football team. It's behind us." He worked out thereafter for the Miami Dolphins, New England Patriots, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers in 2006. However, he was not signed due to his 40-yard dash times of 4.8 seconds. At his peak, he ran the 40-yard dash in 4.4 seconds.In October 2008, an arbitrator hired by the Lions ruled that <mask> had to repay the team $8.5 million. However, <mask> did not repay that money, and the Lions filed a lawsuit against him. In April 2010, U.S. federal judge Julian A. Cook ruled that <mask> had to pay $6.1 million of his signing bonus. In an interview in 2017, regarding the money owed the Lions, <mask> stated that he planned on filing for bankruptcy. NFL career statistics

Personal life
<mask> fathered eight children with four women. Two of the

masks: Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers Rogers


title: Charles Rogers (wide receiver)

texts:
 children were born before he graduated from high school. As of April 2017, <mask> had lived in Fort Myers, Florida and worked at an auto repair shop.On November 11, 2019, <mask> died in Fort Myers at age 38 of liver failure. He had been diagnosed with cancer and was in need of a liver transplant. Prescription opioid addiction
Following the injuries he suffered during the early part of his career in Detroit, <mask> developed an addiction to the prescription opioid Vicodin, which contains acetaminophen, a product sold over-the-counter as Tylenol but is known to cause severe liver failure when taken in the dosages that were allegedly given to him by Lions team physicians. Legal issues
<mask> was arrested in September 2008 and charged with assault and battery of his girlfriend, Naija Washington; the charges were later dropped. In December 2008, <mask> was sentenced to attend drug court or face jail time after violating his probation. In March 2009, <mask> was jailed for violating probation. On September 16, 2009, <mask> was arrested in Novi, Michigan for driving under the influence of alcohol after police found him unresponsive behind the wheel of his car.<mask> was arrested again in Novi on January 5, 2010, after passing out from drinking at a restaurant, which was a violation of a sobriety court order; he was sentenced to 93 days in jail two days later. He tested positive for marijuana twice while at Michigan State and a test at the NFL combine detected excess water in his system. <mask> continued to smoke marijuana after his 2004 season-ending injury, which led to his 2005 suspension. In a 2009 interview with ESPN, he said that his hard living contributed to his downfall in the NFL. References

External links
 Michigan State Spartans bio
 ESPN Outside the Lines: Lion Flub
 <mask> Stats

1981 births
2019 deaths
All-American college football players
American football wide receivers
Detroit Lions players
Michigan State Spartans football players
Sportspeople from Saginaw, Michigan
Players of American football from Michigan
Deaths from liver

masks:
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Rogers
Charles Rogers


title: Kevin Merida

texts:
<mask> (born January 17, 1957) is an American journalist, author and newspaper editor. He currently serves as executive editor at the Los Angeles Times, where he oversees and coordinates all news gathering operations, including city and national desks, Sports and Features departments, Times Community News and Los Angeles Times en Español. Prior to joining the Times, <mask> was a ESPN Senior VP and editor-in-chief. He supervised the creation and launch in May 2016 of The Undefeated., a multimedia platform that explores the intersections of race, sports and culture. As editor in chief, <mask> expanded The Undefeated brand across Walt Disney Co./ESPN, with a content portfolio encompassing award-winning journalism, documentaries and television specials, albums, music videos, live events, digital talk shows and two bestselling children’s books. During his tenure at ESPN, <mask> oversaw the investigative/news enterprise unit, the television shows “E:60” and “Outside the Lines.” He chaired ESPN’s editorial board. Personal life and education

<mask> was born in Wichita, Kansas.He was raised in the Washington, D.C. area. He is the eldest of two children born to the late <mask>, a geologist/paleontologist employed with the Geological Survey and the Smithsonian Institution. His mother, Doris, (née Ewell) worked as a communications specialist and Freedom of Information Officer for the National Science Foundation. He attended Crossland High School, among the first group of children in the US to be bused under a 1971 Supreme Court ruling. [3]

He graduated from Boston University. After graduating, he attended the University of California, Berkeley's "Summer Program for Minority Journalists." <mask> lives in Los Angeles with this, journalist, author and former Washington Post columnist Donna Britt.In 2012, The Huffington Post named the couple one of the "Black Voices Power Couples" of the year. They have three sons: actor Darrell Britt-Gibson, screenwriter/producer Justin Britt-Gibson, and

masks:
Kevin Merida
Merida
Merida
Merida
Kevin Merida
Jesse Merida
Merida


title: Kevin Merida

texts:
 podcast host and producer <mask>. Career

<mask>'s journalistic and research focus generally involves biographies about "difficult subjects," as described by the Houston Institute for Race & Justice. He has covered biographical subjects like Strom Thurmond, Bob Dole, George W. Bush, and Newt Gingrich. <mask> began his journalism career at the Milwaukee Journal. He served as a general assignments reporter and rotating city desk editor from 1979 to 1983. In 1983, <mask> was recruited by the "Dallas Morning News", where he initially worked as a special projects reporter and local political writer.He was later promoted to Washington-based national correspondent and White House correspondent covering the George H.W. Bush presidency. He concluded his tenure at the paper as assistant managing editor in charge of foreign and national news coverage. At those newspapers, he wrote about crime and society. He was hired by The Washington Post in 1993. During his 22-year career at the paper, <mask> served as a congressional correspondent, national political reporter, longform feature writer, magazine columnist and senior editor in several roles. He was the coordinating editor of the Post’s yearlong 2006 series, “Being a Black Man," which was featured in the newspaper.The series earned a Peabody Award for increasing “our ability to understand the old issues in new ways,” and for its “melding of old and new forms of journalism and pointing to the future of electronic communication.”

In 2008, <mask> became Assistant Managing Editor at The Washington Post for the paper's United States national news department. He led the national staff for four years during the Obama presidency. <mask> co-authored 'Supreme Discomfort: The Divided Soul of Clarence Thomas, about Clarence Thomas, with Michael A. Fletcher. He teamed with Deborah Willis in 2008 to co-author the bestselling hardcover photo book, Obama, the Historic Campaign in Photographs. He was named managing editor, "responsible for news and features

masks:
Skye Merida
Merida
Merida
Merida
Merida
Merida
Merida


title: Kevin Merida

texts:
 coverage as well as the Universal News Desk," on February 4, 2013. During his tenure in that position, he helped lead the newspaper to four Pulitzer Prizes. He was instrumental in revamping the Post’s digital presence, transforming the paper’s website into one of the world’s top-ranked online news journals.After a six-month search, The Los Angeles Times announced on Monday May 3, 2021 that it had selected the seasoned journalist to be Executive Editor of the publication. <mask> serves on the boards of the Pulitzer Prizes, WBUR-FM (Boston), and the Boston University Board of Trustees. In addition, he sits on the boards of the Kaiser Family Foundation, the Maynard Institute for Journalism Education, the Philip Merrill College of Journalism and the Wallace House at the University of Michigan. In 2020, <mask> was named to the Dean’s Advisory Council at the Gwen Ifill College of Media, Arts and Humanities, Simmons University. Awards and Honors

<mask> was part of a 1990 Dallas Morning News team that was named a Pulitzer Prize finalist in explanatory journalism for a special report on the world’s “hidden wars.”

1990, Pulitzer Prize finalist
2000, Journalist of the Year, National Association of Black Journalists
2005, Distinguished Alumni Award from Boston University’s College of Journalism. 2006, Vernon Jarrett Award for Journalistic Excellence
2018, Missouri Honors Medal for Distinguished Service in Journalism Missouri School of Journalism
2020, NABJ Chuck Stone Lifetime Achievement Award. Bibliography

<mask>, <mask>.Being a Black Man: At the Corner of Progress and Peril. New York: Public Affairs (2007). <mask>, <mask> and Deborah Willis. Obama: The Historic Campaign in Photographs. New York: Amistad (2008). <mask>, <mask> and Michael Fletcher. Supreme Discomfort: The Divided Soul of Clarence Thomas.New York: Broadway (2008). References

External links

The Washington Post journalists
African-American journalists
Writers from Wichita, Kansas
Boston University alumni
Living

masks: Merida Merida Merida Merida Kevin Merida Kevin Merida Kevin


title: Randy Smith (basketball)

texts:
Randolph "<mask>" <mask> (December 12, 1948 – June 4, 2009) was an American professional basketball player who set the NBA record for consecutive games played. From 1972–1982, <mask> played in every regular season game, en route to a then-record of 906 straight games (since broken by A. C. Green). He was born in Bellport, New York. College career
<mask> was an outstanding all-around athlete at Buffalo State College, earning All-American honors in three sports: basketball, soccer and track. At Bellport High School on Long Island, <mask> was a standout on the soccer and basketball teams, and also set a state high jump record of . However, it was on the basketball court that <mask> shone brightest, teaming with Durie Burns to lead the Bengals to three straight conference championships, including a trip to the Final Four of the NCAA Division II Tournament in 1970, where <mask> earned All-Tournament honors. Professional career

Buffalo Braves / San Diego Clippers (1971–1979)
<mask> surprised everyone in training camp, and he made the final roster cuts.Despite standing only 6-foot-3, he was assigned to play forward. He averaged 13.4 points per game in his rookie season. <mask> continued to improve beyond expectation, drawing on his tremendous speed, quickness and leaping ability. His style of play, along with contemporaries like Julius Erving, marked by fast breaks and "above the rim" ball movements influenced the offensive style of the NBA in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Playing alongside league scoring champion Bob McAdoo, <mask> averaged 21.8 points per game in the 1975–76 season, and was named to the All-NBA Second Team. The highlight of <mask>'s career was the 1978 NBA All-Star Game, where he came off the bench to lead all scorers with 27 points, and was named the game's Most Valuable Player. <mask> played for seven years for the Braves until the franchise became the San Diego Clippers in 1978.That first year with the Clippers, <mask> had his fourth consecutive season averaging over 20 points per game. Cleveland Cavaliers (1979–1981)
In 1979, <mask> was traded to the

masks: Randy Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Randy Smith (basketball)

texts:
 Cleveland Cavaliers, where he was named team captain and played for two years. New York Knicks (1981–1982)
<mask> spent the 1981 season with the New York Knicks. Return to San Diego (1982–1983)
The next season, <mask> moved back to San Diego for another season. On November 3, 1982, <mask> played in his 845th consecutive NBA game, breaking Johnny Kerr's iron man record. The game was a 130–111 loss to the Philadelphia 76ers in which <mask> started and scored 14 points. <mask>'s iron man streak ended at 906 games when he played his last game with the Clippers on March 13, 1983.The record was later surpassed by A. C. Green in 1997. Atlanta Hawks (1983)
<mask> was traded to the Atlanta Hawks, where he played 15 games before retiring. NASL
In early 1975 at age 26, while nearing the height of his basketball career, <mask> turned many heads at a tryout for the expansion Tampa Bay Rowdies of the North American Soccer League. The Rowdies' management had hoped to sign the two-time college soccer All-American for the outdoor season as one of their "required" American players; however, his contract with the Braves would not allow him to play professional soccer at the time. A year later while in between basketball contracts, the Rowdies gave him another look, but it wasn't meant to be. After a third and final tryout in 1977, Rowdies coach Eddie Firmani felt that the combination of playing pro basketball and not playing any soccer for so long had diminished <mask>'s soccer skills too much. Post-NBA
After retiring as a player, <mask> was an NBA league executive whose duties included assisting former players in need, and he was a coach in the Continental Basketball Association before working at Mohegan Sun in Uncasville, where he worked in marketing.<mask> was inducted into the Suffolk Sports Hall of Fame on Long Island in the Basketball Category with the Class of 1990. He was inducted into the Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame in 1992. On June 4, 2009, <mask> died in Norwich, Connecticut, after a heart attack during a workout. He's buried at the Forest Lawn East Cemetery, Weddington,

masks: Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith Smith


title: Michiyo Yasuda

texts:
was an animator and colour designer who worked for Toei Animation, A Production, Nippon Animation, Topcraft, and Studio Ghibli. Her designs were used by directors such as Isao Takahata, Hayao Miyazaki and Mamoru Oshii. During a career spanning five decades in the animation industry, she worked on animated feature films and short films for theatrical release, original video animation (OVA), promotional music videos, animated television series, documentaries and commercials. Yasuda provided the colour designs for Miyazaki's Academy Award winning animated film Spirited Away. She officially retired after working on Ponyo in 2008, but worked on the Academy Award nominated animated feature The Wind Rises, released in July 2013. Early life
Born in Tokyo's Nakano ward, Yasuda grew up in the Tokyo metropolitan area. For most of her childhood and adolescence she lived in Higashi-fushimi, a neighbourhood in what became Nishitōkyō city as of 2001.Her father was a university professor, and she grew up with an older brother, an older sister and three younger brothers. She has described her youth as very pleasant with a lot of freedom and mentioned getting encouragement to excel in any field. She received an education in culture and the arts at school and at home. When she was 14 years old her parents divorced. In November 1954 her father fell ill and, in spite of their divorce, was nursed by her mother until his death in March 1955. In April 1955 Yasuda enrolled in . Without the opportunity to continue into higher education she started looking for a job to support herself.Career
<mask> joined Toei Doga in April 1958, immediately after her graduation from high school. Yasuda has said that she


title: Michiyo Yasuda

texts: applied not knowing what the job entailed but that she had submitted her application because she did not fancy employment in any of the other jobs available for most women at the time, such as bank teller or store clerk. Instead she took the opportunity to work in a creative field. She started out in the Toei finishing department, in the ink and paint section, where she worked on TV series and commercials as a tracer. In traditional animation a tracer is a person whose job involves transferring cleaned up line drawings onto the cels. Through her work and union activities at the company she made the acquaintance of Isao Takahata and Hayao Miyazaki whose careers also began at Toei, joining in 1959 and 1963 respectively. Yasuda also worked as a tracer on Hols: Prince of the Sun, directed by Takahata, for which Yasuo Ōtsuka was animation director and Miyazaki was one of the key animators.They built lasting working relationships that endured for over 40 years. After leaving Toei <mask> next joined A Production followed by Nippon Animation where she worked in the finishing department on productions such as 3000 Leagues in Search of Mother. On the animated TV series Future Boy Conan, aired in Japan in 1978, she was in charge of colour selection for an entire project for the first time. This position involved her choosing colour for all the items and characters seen in motion throughout the animated work. In 1983 she worked for Top Craft in charge of colour design on the adaptation of Miyazaki's manga Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind into the animated feature film of the same title. The film was released in Japanese theaters on March 11, 1984. The collaborations culminated in the


title: Michiyo Yasuda

texts:
 died on October 5, 2016 at the age of 77. Awards and recognition
In 2011, Yasuda received an Animation Lifetime Achievement Award from the Japanese Movie Critics Awards. Filmography

Theatrical release

 Hols: Prince of the Sun (1968)
 The Wonderful World of Puss 'n Boots (1969)
 Panda! Go, Panda!(1972)
 Panda! Go, Panda! The Rainy-Day Circus (1973)
 Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984)
 Castle in the Sky (1986)
 Grave of the Fireflies (1988)
 My Neighbor Totoro (1988)
 Kiki's Delivery Service (1989)
 Only Yesterday (1991)
 Porco Rosso (1992)
 Pom Poko (1994)
 Whisper of the Heart (1995)
 Princess Mononoke (1997)
 My Neighbors the Yamadas (1999)
 Spirited Away (2001)
 Howl's Moving Castle (2004)
 Tales from Earthsea (2006)
 Ponyo (2008)
 The Wind Rises (2013)

Ghibli Museum shorts

 Kujiratori (2001)
 Mei and the Kitten Bus (2003)
 Koro no Daisanpo (2002)
 Ghiblies Episode 2 (2002)
 Mizugumo Monmon (2006)
 Hoshi o Katta Hi (2006)
 Looking for a Home (2006)
 Pandane to tamago hime (2010)

Television

 Dog of Flanders (1975)
 3000 Leagues in Search of Mother (1976)
 Future Boy Conan (1978)
 Anne of Green Gables (1979)
 Lucy of the Southern Rainbow (1982)
 Mīmu Iro Iro Yume no Tabi (1983)

OVA
 Angel's Egg (1985)
 Devilman (1987)

Music video
 Ghibli experimental theater On Your Mark (1995)

Documentary
  (1987)

Commercial
  (1992)

Appearance
 References

Further reading
 '', Yasuko Shibaguchi (1997), published in Japanese by Tokuma Shoten. External links
 <mask> Yasuda short biography from Nausicaa.net (an extensive English language source on Ghibli's films and other related works.) 1939 births
2016 deaths
People from Nakano, Tokyo
Japanese animators
Japanese women


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
Tun Dr<mask> (; 4 November 1915 – 2 August 1973) was a Malaysian politician from the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He held several Malaysian ministerial posts and was appointed as the second Deputy Prime Minister in 1970 by then prime minister <mask>. Three years later, <mask> died in office due to a heart attack. He has been called "the man who saved Malaysia" for his actions as Minister of Home Affairs after the May 13 Incident of racial rioting in 1969. Early life
<mask> was born on 4 November 1915 in Johor Bahru, Johor. He was the son of <mask>, who was of Buginese descent. <mask> was the first President of the Dewan Negara (Senate) of the Parliament of Malaysia, and also the first chairman of Malayan Banking.His maternal grandfather was Mohamed Salleh <mask>, an ethnic Chinese convert to Islam and former State Treasurer of Johor. After <mask>'s mother Zahara Abu Bakar, <mask>'s wife, died in 1936, <mask> married Kamariah, the sister of Onn Ja'afar, the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Johor. The remarriage was encouraged by Sultan Ibrahim of Johor, who sought to unite the Johor aristocracy by blood. <mask> himself almost became Menteri Besar according to <mask>, but failed because he "refused to indulge in intrigues". Education
<mask> was raised by his maternal grandmother due to his mother's various illnesses, and received his primary education at Sekolah Bukit Zaharah, although his education was interrupted by frequent trips to see distant relatives. <mask>'s initial friends were predominantly Malay, but when he continued his education at the English College Johore Bahru, <mask> gravitated to non-Malays

masks:
. Ismail bin Abdul Rahman
Tun Abdul Razak
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Rahman Mohamed Yassin
Abdul Rahman
Abdullah
Ismail
Abdul Rahman
Abdul Rahman
Abdul Rahman
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 due to his interest in the opposite sex – Chinese girls often being given more freedom to mingle than their Malay counterparts in those days. <mask> later said: "I am convinced that this early mingling with the other races during the most impressionable stage of my life had a lot to do with my non-racial outlook."<mask> forged close friendships with the daughters of Cheah Tiang Earn, a friend of his father's. Eileen and Joyce Chuah would later both marry into the influential Kuok family, which <mask> got to know through them. <mask> also befriended the children of Joseph Chako Puthucheary, who would later become important players in Malaysian and Singaporean politics. <mask>'s father believed strongly in the benefits of education, unlike many Malays of the time, and ensured his children received the best education possible. Two of his sons became lawyers and another an economist. In 1939, the British General Adviser W.E. Pepys lamented that "the only Johore Malay who has got a university degree is Inche (Mr.) Suleiman <mask> <mask>, the son of Dato <mask>, State Treasurer, Johore."<mask> himself went on to obtain a degree at the King Edward VII College of Medicine in Singapore. In 1945, he became the first Malay to obtain a MBBS from University of Melbourne, Australia. <mask>'s son later said that his education in Australia greatly impacted his worldview: "He was on his own and a member of a minority there. He didn’t have other Malays to prop him up and he had a sense of loneliness. He felt that he was treated as an equal and that this was the way he would want to treat other people as well." Early career
In 1946, the

masks:
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Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
bin Abdul
Rahman
Abdul Rahman
Ismail
Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 British formed the Malayan Union, a polity seen as infringing on the special position of the Malays and the Malay Rulers. <mask>'s family was heavily involved in the anti-Malayan Union campaign led by the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO).After the successful campaign led to the replacement of the Malayan Union with the Federation of Malaya, <mask> was appointed to the Johor State Legislative Assembly by Dato' Onn Jaafar, the Chief Minister of Johor. <mask> was also offered a seat on the Federal Legislative Council by Onn, but on the condition that <mask> join UMNO. <mask> refused, insisting that he would only join UMNO if it committed itself to fighting for Malayan independence. In the Johor state legislative assembly, his very first action was to declare his opposition to the UMNO-supported federation, which he considered in contravention of the Johor state constitution. <mask> focused on his private practice, founding the Tawakkal (Trust in God) Clinic which he ran from 1947 to 1953. During this period, <mask> co-founded the Malay Graduates' Association, a political discussion group for intellectuals. <mask> observed:

Marriage and personal life
In 1950, <mask> married Norashikin Mohd Seth (nicknamed Neno) in an arranged marriage.On passing through Kuala Lumpur on the way to their honeymoon in Penang, they met Tunku <mask>, who would later succeed Onn Jaafar as President of UMNO. <mask> later recounted that the Tunku had invited him and his new bride to the Kuala Lumpur Flying Club to dance, but upon finding that they were newlyweds "bundled us off telling us that we had no business being on the dance floor so

masks:
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Rahman
Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 late when we should be in bed enjoying our honeymoon." The Tunku later cited the support of <mask> and the Malay Graduates Association as the major impetus for his decision to become president, while <mask> in turn claimed he decided to join UMNO only after the Tunku became president in 1951. <mask> would have six children with Neno: Tawfik (born 1951), Zailah (born 1953), Badariah, Tarmizi (born 1956), Zamakhshari (born 1958) and Ariff (born 1961). Pre-independence
<mask> entered Malaysian politics in 1951 when he was elected as vice-president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO). He had earlier been the nominee of the Malay Graduates Association to the UMNO Central Executive Committee. Initially, <mask> and his brother Suleiman, also an UMNO member, mainly clashed with Dato Onn, who had left UMNO to form the Independence of Malaya Party (IMP) after UMNO refused to open membership to non-Malays.<mask> was very critical of Onn, who had made "very inflammatory communal speeches attacking the Chinese". Suleiman later defeated Onn in the first Malayan general election, and was lauded as a "giant-killer" for his landslide victory against Onn, who had been the favourite. <mask> was also instrumental in gaining a greater amount of autonomy for the local government, when in 1954 the Alliance government (a coalition of UMNO and the Malayan Chinese Association or MCA) decided to boycott the British-backed local elections. When the British High Commissioner Donald MacGillivray met with the Tunku, <mask>, and the MCA's representative of H. S. Lee, he accused them of playing into the hands of the Malayan Communist Party,

masks: Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 which was waging an armed insurgency against the British. The source of the dispute was that the British High Commissioner had been given the discretion to nominate six seats, in addition to those contested in the elections. <mask> proposed a compromise: the Alliance would support the elections, but only if the High Commissioner would consult with the party that won the elections before making his appointments. MacGillivray initially refused, but after finding public opinion against him, backed down.Later, <mask> was part of the Malayan government delegation sent to London to negotiate terms for independence from the British. In the Federal Legislative Council, he was also a strong proponent of the controversial Razak Report. Outside the council, many Chinese were upset about the lack of provisions for vernacular education, while within the council, Malay members from UMNO condemned the Report for not making Malay the sole medium of instruction. <mask> accused the report's opponents in the Council of making "no considerations for the Chinese and Indians who are already in this country", and acting in an imperialistic manner. If the non-Malays accepted Malaya's status as a Malay country and that the national language was Malay, he argued, there was no reason to further suppress them. The Razak Report eventually became law, when the Council approved it as the Education Ordinance of 1957. <mask> analysed the Malay distrust of the Chinese as such:

In <mask>'s view, it was imperative that "if the Chinese – the real political problem since the other races were not dominant – were to be persuaded into accepting Malay as the

masks: Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 national language, they should be granted citizenship as a quid pro quo" – an early expression of what would later be referred to as the Malaysian social contract.Independent Malaya
After independence in 1957, <mask> was appointed as Malaya and Malaysia's first ambassador to the United States of America, as well as the United Nations – two posts to be held concurrently by him from 1957 till 1959. When <mask> led the independent Malayan delegation to the General Assembly, he carried the traditional Malay dagger (kris) – according to him, the first time a weapon of any kind had been brought into the assembly. At the UN, <mask> developed a strongly held view that Malayan foreign policy had to keep "an independent line, by which I mean that our stand on international problems should not be influenced by the policies of other countries, big or small". While serving in the United States and at the United Nations, <mask> wrote personal notes to the Prime Minister, which were recently compiled and published in a book titled "Malaya's First Year at the UN". <mask> remained involved in local politics, however, and pressed for the Alliance coalition of UMNO, the MCA and the Malayan Indian Congress (MIC) to merge into one multi-racial party, instead of remaining as a coalition comprising three mono-racial parties. Upon returning to Malaya in 1959, he was appointed as external affairs minister. The following year, a controversy arose when the Tunku stated that Malaya would eventually have to recognise the communist People's Republic of China.This was, in the Tunku's words, "a sudden change in our policy towards Communist China" that had


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 been influenced by private talks between the Tunku and French President Charles de Gaulle. <mask> was outraged by this decision, which had been taken without consultation with him, and directly contradicted <mask>'s stated policy of refusing to recognise the People's Republic of China as long as they backed the Malayan Communist Party, which had waged an armed insurgency against the government. <mask> threatened to resign, and apparently attempted to do so on four separate occasions. The situation was defused by the Tunku refusing to see <mask>, who eventually calmed down and put the incident behind him, behaving "as if nothing had happened." <mask> was later persuaded by his brothers not to quit, but to instead transfer to a different ministry. He was then made the new internal security minister, a post which had been specifically created for him. In 1962, he was appointed to the portfolio of home affairs as well.In these roles, <mask> was in charge of detaining people under the controversial Internal Security Act (ISA), which permits detention without trial. After resigning in 1967, <mask> expressed amazement that he was not "the most hated man in Malaya" for his actions. Although many were critical of the ISA, <mask> believed it was necessary for public order, stating that "Abuse of the Act can be prevented by vigilant public opinion via elections, a free Press and above all the Parliament." Malaysia
In 1963, Malaya merged with the former British colonies of Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak to form Malaysia. <mask> retained his cabinet positions in the new polity. During this period, despite no longer being in charge of

masks: Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts: external affairs, <mask> expressed strong support for an "Association of Southeast Asia", telling the media that "We look forward to a regional association embracing Thailand, Burma, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam." This proposal eventually became the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).<mask> also presented Malaysia's case to the United Nations when Indonesia launched its armed "Confrontation" against the new polity, charging it with being the tool of neo-colonialists. <mask> managed to sneak a number of weapons captured from Indonesian military personnel into a meeting of the UN Security Council, greatly upsetting the council's president, who asked him to remove them. Later, <mask> was a critic of Lee Kuan Yew, the Singaporean Prime Minister, for his attempt to de-emphasise race in Malaysian politics through the establishment of a non-racial political coalition, the Malaysian Solidarity Council (MSC). The resulting political controversy led to Singapore's separation from Malaysia; however, <mask>, like Toh Chin Chye, expressed his belief that Singapore and Malaysia would eventually merge once more, stating: "It is better to wait for this to come because if they do not do so they will sink together instead of coming together." In 1966, <mask> became the first recipient of the First Class of the Darjah Yang Mulia Setia Mahkota Malaysia (The Most Esteemed Order of the Crown of Malaysia), entitling him to the title of Tun and the post-nominal SSM. <mask> resigned from his government posts in 1967, citing his poor health. A heart specialist had previously told him to retire

masks: Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 from politics due to <mask> being "more sensitive to personality stresses than most people" – advice <mask> said he would have ignored, had it not been for his five young children.The Tunku accepted <mask>'s resignation, noting that he had previously forced <mask>'s brother, Suleiman, to continue working in public service, with fatal results when Suleiman suddenly died. After retiring from politics, <mask> went on to head the Guthrie Group of Companies, where he was paid three times the amount earned by a cabinet minister. 13 May
In the 1969 general election, the Alliance suffered substantial losses. The MCA, which was hardest hit, decided to withdraw from the government as they felt they were no longer representative of the Chinese community. <mask> was very critical of this decision, and attempted to persuade the MCA President, Tan Siew Sin, to change his mind. <mask> warned that "this decision if not revoked would contribute to rioting and chaos in the country". On 13 May, after several controversial victory rallies were held by the victorious opposition, racial riots broke out in the federal capital, Kuala Lumpur.<mask>'s daughter later said that her father "remained calm, but took out his pistol, put it into his pocket, and went out with my mother to dinner". On the morning of 14 May, a police escort was dispatched by Tun <mask>, the Deputy Prime Minister, to escort <mask> from his home. <mask> was persuaded to rejoin the government as home affairs minister. The Tunku arranged a meeting of several of his top aides, including <mask>. At the meeting, Tun <mask> expressed support for declaring martial law, but was

masks:
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Razak
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Razak


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts: dissuaded by General <mask>, who told him that "I cannot provide any guarantee (that I will) be able to hold back the members of the armed forces who might take over control of the government." On 15 May, a state of emergency was declared and Parliament was suspended in favour of the National Operations Council (NOC), a body of top government officials. That day, <mask> announced to the media that "Democracy is dead in this country.It died at the hands of the opposition parties who triggered off the event leading to this violence." Privately, <mask> accused the opposition parties of playing "communal politics", by using the Islamic party, PAS, to appeal to the extremist Malays, and using the ostensibly multiracial parties such as the Democratic Action Party and Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia to appeal to the extremist Chinese. "Since the Alliance's policy is based on compromise," he said, "it could not therefore please all the Malays or all the Chinese but could only please the moderate Malays and the understanding Chinese." <mask> blamed the MCA as well, telling a friend that "it was with this tension, with this irresponsible decision by the MCA that the riot started". Tun <mask> was initially interested in the possibility of a benevolent dictatorship, but was reportedly dissuaded by <mask>, who wanted to restore power to Parliament as soon as possible. <mask> Badawi, future Prime Minister and then an aide to the NOC, later recalled that Tun <mask> often took pains to accommodate <mask>'s views, extending meetings whenever there was a clash of opinions so as to satisfy <mask>. <mask>'s reputation for fairness but

masks:
Ibrahim Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Razak
Ismail
Abdullah Ahmad
Abdul Razak
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts: uncompromising toughness – at one point, he declared he would arrest his own mother if she had broken the law – has been cited by a number of top officials as greatly contributing to stability in the wake of the riots.During this period, several Malay "ultras" such as Mahathir bin Mohamad and Musa Hitam called for the resignation of the Prime Minister, Tunku <mask>. Mahathir penned an open letter to the Tunku, accusing him of "giving the Chinese what they demand ... you have given them too much face." Soon, students at higher educational institutions across the country began to hold mass demonstrations, calling for the Tunku to step down in favour of a leader who would restore "Malay sovereignty". Sporadic rioting, believed to have been instigated by the Tunku's opponents, broke out. The Tunku responded by forcing Mahathir and Musa out of UMNO, while <mask> as Home Affairs Minister issued a statement: "These ultras believe in the wild and fantastic theory of absolute dominion by one race over the other communities, regardless of the Constitution. ... Polarisation has taken place in Malaysian politics and the extreme racialists among the ruling party are making a desperate bid to topple the present leadership." At the time, some suggested that Tun <mask> was a power-hungry ultra, seeking to displace the Tunku as Prime Minister.Although this was denied by both the Tunku and <mask>, there was great concern among non-Malays as to how the NOC's policy would affect them, as the NOC was chaired by <mask> and not the Tunku. Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, later finance minister, cited <mask> as a major factor in increasing public

masks:
Abdul Rahman
Ismail
Abdul Razak
Abdul Razak
Abdul Razak
Ismail


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 confidence in the government, stating: "The Chinese did not have much confidence in Razak, but they did in <mask>. Razak was always associated with Malay and rural affairs, et cetera. <mask> was a principled man — and was seen that way by the different races. He was the Rock of Gibraltar. Once he decided on something you could be sure that he had gone through the relevant details and studied them. What is confidence unless it is based on the people’s belief in the leader?"Deputy Prime Minister
In 1970, he was appointed as the second Deputy Prime Minister, replacing Tun <mask>, who had been elevated to Prime Minister following the resignation of Tunku <mask>. Shortly before, <mask> had become privy to the secret that <mask> was suffering from leukaemia. Only Razak's doctors, Razak and <mask> knew of Razak's health problems, with Razak often using the pretext of paying <mask> a visit at his home to be examined by doctors at a hidden building near <mask>'s house. Not long after, <mask> himself discovered a lump in his neck while shaving – the lump was later confirmed to be cancerous. As a result, many within <mask>'s family urged him to retire again. However, <mask> considered it his duty to assist <mask> as Deputy Prime Minister, and thus refused to resign, delaying the treatment for his neck cancer and refusing an operation on his heart valves to continue working. Around July 1973, <mask> suffered three heart attacks over the course of two weeks – a secret he kept from his wife, who was expecting.<mask> told a friend that he planned to resign after Tun <mask> returned from Ottawa in Canada, where he was attending the

masks:
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Razak
Abdul Rahman
Ismail
Abdul Razak
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Razak
Ismail
Ismail
Abdul Razak


title: Ismail Abdul Rahman

texts:
 Commonwealth summit – <mask> had promised to serve as acting Prime Minister while Razak was away. <mask> was also reportedly worried about Razak's political plans, as he intended to rehabilitate Mahathir – a move opposed by <mask>, who preferred Musa Hitam to Mahathir. Death
Eventually, fearing his impending death might keep him from providing for his family, <mask> decided to have his wife's pregnancy terminated. Shortly after, she underwent a tubal ligation. On 2 August, <mask> attended the silver jubilee celebrations of the Peninsular Malaysia Malay Students Foundation (Gabungan Pelajar-pelajar Melayu Semenanjung or GPMS). After a sudden explosion sound effect, <mask>'s daughter (who was watching the event live on television) noticed he began to sweat profusely. Nevertheless, afterwards he visited his wife, who was recovering from the ligation, at the hospital as had been planned.After having his dinner, <mask> retired to his study. Later, he rang the bell for his maid, asking for his daughter and telling her that "I am going to die, please call my doctor and inform Gopal" (his private secretary). <mask> had suffered a massive heart attack. Normally, Dr Stewart C. Macpherson, a neighbour of <mask>'s and personal doctor to him and Tun Razak, would have immediately attended to <mask>. However, Macpherson had accompanied Razak to the summit, forcing <mask> to phone his other doctor, Dr Catterall, who lived in the satellite town of Petaling Jaya. Upon arrival, Catterall immediately began efforts to resuscitate <mask>, soon being joined by the royal physician, Dr Pillai. Panicked Cabinet members soon arrived, and began

masks: Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail Ismail