title: Jeff Carter (photographer)

texts:
 Thompson-Read-Young (known as 'Mare'). They settled in 1962 on a 45-hectare farm at Foxground near the south coast town of Berry, NSW and turned it into a wildlife sanctuary. They had two boys, Goth and Vandal. Obituary
<mask>'s obituary, written by Robert McFarlane, appeared in The Sydney Morning Herald on 6 November 2010. Books by <mask>
 <mask>, Jeff & Mossgreen Gallery (2010). Final works from the darkroom.Mossgreen Gallery, South Yarra
 Carter, <mask> & Davies, Alan, 1946– & Byron, Sandra & Willsteed, Theresa & State Library of New South Wales (2010). Beach, bush + battlers : photographs by <mask>. State Library of New South Wales, [Sydney, N.S.W.] <mask>, <mask> & Gollings, John, 1944– & Parke, Trent, 1971– & Gold Coast City Art Gallery (2008). Streets of gold : photographs from Gold Coast Streets 1957–2008. Gold Coast City Art Gallery, Surfers Paradise [Qld.] <mask>, Mare & Carter, <mask>, 1928–2010 (2007).Landmarks : in a travelling life. Glenrock Books, Foxground, N.S.W
 <mask>, <mask> (2005). <mask> : retrospective. New Holland, Frenchs Forest, N.S.W
 <mask>, <mask> (1995). <mask>'s Bush Battlers. People of the inland. Seal Books, Sydney
 <mask>, Jeff & Primavera Press (1994).<mask>, 1995 : Primavera black & white datebook. Leichhardt [N.S.W.] Primavera Press
 <mask>, <mask> & <mask>, Mare, 1930– & <mask>, <mask>, 1928–2010. (1993). Carters' Central Australia (Rev. ed). Hodder and Stoughton, Sydney
 <mask>, <mask> (1989).From the Alice to the Arctic : 40 years of motoring with <mask>. Hodder & Stoughton, Sydney
 <mask>, <mask> & <mask>, Mare, 1930– (1989). The complete guide to central Australia. Hodder & Stoughton,

masks:
Jeff Carter
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Carter


title: Jeff Carter (photographer)

type: original

texts:
 Sydney
 <mask>, <mask> (1987). The Australian explorer's handbook : travel, survival and bush cookery. Hodder and Stoughton, Sydney
 <mask>, <mask> (1981). <mask>'s Guide to the outdoors.Rigby, Adelaide
 <mask>, <mask> (1979). <mask>'s guided tours of the outback. Rigby, Adelaide
 <mask>, <mask>hold, 1892–1971 & Van Dusen, Henry P. (Henry Pitney), 1897–1975 (1977). All things wild : more yarns about wild people, places and animals. Rigby, [Adelaide, Sydney, etc.] <mask>, <mask> (1977). <mask>'s bush battlers.Rigby, Adelaide
 <mask>, <mask> (1977). <mask>'s new guide to Central Australia. Rigby, Adelaide
 <mask>, <mask> (1976). <mask>'s great book of the Australian outdoors. Rigby, Adelaide
 <mask>, <mask> & <mask>, <mask> (1973). Wild animal farm. Hale, London
 <mask>, <mask> (1972).A guide to Central Australia. Sun Books, Melbourne
 <mask>, <mask> (1972). Wild country. Hale, London
 <mask>, <mask> (1971). Ungezähmtes land ('Unfinished Land'). Engelbert, Sauerland, Germany
 <mask>, <mask> (1971). The new frontier : Australia's rising northwest.Angus and Robertson, [Sydney]
 <mask>, <mask> (1970). Four-wheel drive swagman. Hale, London
 <mask>, <mask> (1969). In the steps of the explorers. Angus and Robertson, Sydney
 <mask>, <mask> (1968). Surf beaches of Australia's east coast. Angus and Robertson, Sydney
 <mask>, <mask> (1968).In the tracks of the cattle : story of the great migration from 11 head at Farm Cove in 1788 to 19 million throughout the cattle lands today. Angus and Robertson, [Sydney]
 <mask>, <mask> (1968). Outback in focus. Angus & Robertson, London
 <mask>, <mask> (1968). Stout hearts and leathery hands. Angus &

masks:
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeffin
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeff


title: Jeff Carter (photographer)

texts:
 Robertson, London
 <mask>, <mask> (1967). The life and land of Central Australia.Angus and Robertson, Sydney
 <mask>, <mask>by, [Adelaide]
 Brodsky, Isadore & Carter, <mask>, 1928–2010 & Hunter's Hill (N.S.W. : Municipality). Council (1961). Hunters Hill, New South Wales, 1861–1961. Jukes, Sydney

Exhibitions of work by <mask>
Focus Oz, 1991-2 – Berry NSW
Untitled, 1992 – Christine Abrahams Gallery, Melbourne
Saturday Arvo, 1993 – Stills Gallery, Sydney
Untitled, 1994 – Christine Abrahams Gallery
Concerned Viewer, 1995 – Photographers Gallery, Sydney
Beach, Bush & Battlers, 1995 – Byron-Mapp Gallery, Sydney
Battlers,1996 – Christine Abrahams Gallery, 1998 – Byron-Mapp Gallery, 1999 Penrith Regional Gallery, 1999 Brisbane City Art Gallery, 2000 Gippsland Regional Art Gallery, 2002 – Myrtleford, Victoria
Sydney Images, 1996 – Byron-Mapp Gallery
A Hungry Eye, 1999 – Dick Bett Gallery, Hobart
8 Seconds High!, 1999 – Christine Abrahams Gallery, 2003 – Museum of the Riverina, Wagga, 2003 – Shear Outback, Hay, NSW,
Selected Images, 1999 – Paris Photo Show
The Way We Were, 2000 – Byron-Mapp Gallery
Combined Artists, 2000 – Byron-Mapp Gallery
Selected Images, 2000 – Paris Photo Show
Charles Kerry/<mask> Carter, 2001 – Mosman Art Gallery
Images 1950–2000, 2001 – Christine Abrahams Gallery
Federation (Contrib.Artist), 2001 – National Gallery of Australia
Images 1950–2000, 2001 – Byron-Mapp Gallery
Big River Show (Contrib. Artist), 2002 – Wagga Regional Art Gallery
Retrospective, 2003 – Monash Gallery of Art, Victoria
Images 1950–2001 – National Trust Parliament Place Gallery, Melbourne
Icon Images, 2003 – Christine

masks:
Carter
Jeff
Carter
Jeffig
Jeff
Jeff Carter
Jeff


title: Jeff Carter (photographer)

texts:
 Abrahams Gallery
Vintage Images, 2006 – Sandra Byron Gallery, Sydney
Retrospective Images, 2006 – Christine Abrahams Gallery, Melbourne
'La Nieta', 2006 – The Australian Photographers Gallery, Sydney
Queen Victoria Market Series: 1956, 2008 Queen Victoria Market
Beach, Bush + Battlers: Photographs by <mask>  2011 – State Library of NSW from 4 January – 20 February

See also
 Photography in Australia
 Cinema of Australia
 John Watt Beattie
 William Bland
 Maggie Diaz
 Ken G. Hall
 Frank Hurley
 Charles Kerry
 Henry King (photographer)
 David Perry (Australian filmmaker)
 Ruby Spowart
 Mark Strizic

References

External links
Pictures Collection, National Library of Australia, Canberra

Australian photographers
1928 births
2010 deaths
Australian photojournalists
Australian journalists
Working-class culture
20th-century Australian


title: Kau Kobayashi

texts:
<mask> (October 20, 1908 – June 11, 1970) was a Japanese serial killer who, together with accomplice Mitsuyoshi Onuki, was responsible for murders of hotel owners Kamasuke and Ume Ikukata, called the Hotel Nihonkaku Incident. After her arrest, she confessed to fatally poisoning her husband in 1952, and was later sentenced to death and executed for her crimes. Early life
<mask> was born on October 20, 1908 in Tamagoi, Saitama Prefecture (present-day Kumagaya), the second daughter of seven children born into an impoverished farmer couple's home. After finishing elementary school, she helped with housework until the age of 16, when she went to work as a housekeeper in Hongō, Tokyo. When she returned in 1930, she married 27-year-old Hidenosuke Hayashi, a sickly man suffering from gastroenteritis and gonorrhea who ran a store in Kumagaya. The couple would eventually have two children: a baby boy who died in infancy, and later a girl. When the Second World War broke out, Hidenosuke was called to serve, but was wounded in combat and returned to Japan.After his return, the couple built themselves a house, from where they would sell bicycle tries and contraband items such as rubber, rice and sugar. On the side, <mask> herself sold gokabou, which provided additional income for the family. At one point, a 25-year-old police officer, Mataichiro Nakamura, was sent in to investigate the alleged contraband of illegal goods in the Hayashi household, but he was moved by their hospitality, and started occasionally visiting the family. Over time, <mask>, who was left sexually unsatisfied by her husband, began an affair with Nakamura. Despite being receptive of her advances, Nakamura told her that

masks:
Kau Kobayashi
Kau Kobayashi
Kobayashi
Kobayashi


title: Kau Kobayashi

texts:
 wanted to spend more time with her, and if that were to happen, she'd have to leave her husband. Murders
On October 2, 1952, Hayashi died from a sudden and mysterious illness, which the coroner labeled as the result of a cerebral hemorrhage. While there were suspicions that his wife was responsible for his death, the police ceased the investigation.Shortly thereafter, Nakamura moved in to live with <mask>, but was then fired from his job due to his behavior. Wanting to keep her new lover, <mask> began working even harder to run her business, eventually moving into Nakamura's house. However, this proved to be short-lived, as he eventually kicked her out and married a younger woman. A distressed <mask> was later observed banging at his front door and screaming for him to take her back, and even allegedly tried to poison his new wife, but still continued to provide him with money. Despite her troubled personal life, <mask>'s business began to flourish when she began a joint venture with her sister's family, where she was hired as a saleswoman. She would travel around the various prefectures, looking for onsen-centered businesses to promote the company's services. As a result, in 1954, she found herself in Shiobara, where her most infamous crime would take place.The Hotel Nihonkaku Incident

Soon after her arrival in Shiobara, <mask> began familiarizing herself with the locals, and in the spring of 1956, she bought a small store in front of the Hotel Myogaya. Soon after, she began buying other stores and land in the area, eventually planning to build an onsen and work as a hostess. However, a majority of the townsfolk were unwilling to sell their properties, especially to a

masks: Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi


title: Kau Kobayashi

texts:
 newcomer. In the fall of 1958, <mask> learned about the Hotel Nihonkaku, a small inn which was about to be closed due to poor management. The proprietor, 53-year-old Kamasuke Ikukata, desperately in need of funds to keep the inn open, he offered <mask> to pay a 500,000 yen loan to his wife, Ume (49). However, when the two women met, Kau attempted to heckle the price down to 300,000 yen, which was rejected by Mrs. Ikukata. Angered by her refusal, in mid-January 1960, <mask> enlisted the help of 36-year-old Mitsuyoshi Onuki, offering him 20,000 yen and sexual services if she killed Ume Ikukata.Reluctantly agreeing, on the night of February 8, 1960, Onuki strangled Mrs. Ikukata with a linen string while she was sleeping. He later moved the body to the boiler room, where he dug up the floor and hid the body there, pouring concrete over it so it couldn't be located. After her disappearance, rumors starting floating around the area that she had been killed. Later in November, <mask> approached Onuki again, asking him to kill Kamasuke as well, but with poison this time. In mid-December, Onuki poured hydrochloric acid into Ikukata's meal and sake, but the strong taste put him off from finishing his meal. After their initial failure, on New Year's Even, while the trio were watching TV, <mask> went to prepare dinner. When she was done, she snuck up behind Ikukata and started strangling him, after which Onuki joined in to help her by fatally stabbing him in the neck.The pair hid the body, and when customers came around to ask what had happened to Mr. Ikukata, they replied by saying that "he had gone to Tokyo for some money." Arrest, confession and trial
The disappearance of the inn owners


title: Kau Kobayashi

texts:
 fueled the rumors of their untimely deaths even further, eventually resulting in newspapers covering the case. As a result, both <mask> and Onuki were arrested on February 20, 1961 on suspicion of murder. Shortly after her arrest, <mask> admitted her guilt in the case, additionally confessing to poisoning her husband with potassium cyanide in 1952, claiming that she had been aided by her lover Nakamura. Following these confessions, the three were put on trial, and on July 14, 1966, <mask> and Onuki were sentenced to death by the Supreme Court after being found guilty of the murders. Nakamura, who asserted his innocence from the beginning of the case, was acquitted due to lack of evidence. Execution
On June 11, 1970, the 61-year-old <mask> <mask> and her accomplice were hanged at the Tokyo Detention House.She was the first woman to be executed in the country after the Second World War. See also
 List of serial killers by country
 List of executions in Japan

References

In films and culture
 The Japanese film Deviations and Passions, released in 1969, covered the Hotel Nihonkaku case, among other prominent cases in the country
 The 1984 film Station to Heaven, directed by Masanobu Deme, is heavily inspired by the case

Bibliography

External links
 Yabusaka article with additional information

1908 births
1970 deaths
20th-century criminals
Female criminals
Japanese female serial killers
Japanese serial killers
Poisoners
Japanese people convicted of murder
People convicted of murder by Japan
Executed Japanese serial killers
Executed Japanese women
Prisoners sentenced to death by Japan
People executed by Japan by hanging
People executed for murder
Mariticides
People from Saitama

masks: Kobayashi Kobayashi Kobayashi Kau Kobayashi


title: Bill Wray

texts:
<mask> (born Shreveport, Louisiana) is an American musician, composer and producer. His performing career spanned the mid 1970s through the early 1980s. Since then he has written and produced a variety of artists from glam metal to cajun. He is the brother of fellow musician/composer <mask>. Music career
<mask> has written the songs "Fool for Your Love" and "So Close" for Diana Ross. <mask> and his brother Jim wrote most of the hits ("One in a Million", "Surrender") on Trixter's debut album. <mask> was the producer of EFX at MGM Grand Casino, at the time the most expensive and largest-scaled theater installation in the world.Stars rotated through every two years were Michael Crawford, David Cassidy, Tommy Tune and Rick Springfield. The last three were during <mask>'s tenure. <mask> used to play at the old Dynasty Club and Common Ground in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. There was also the <mask> Band which included Greg Worley. As an artist, <mask> opened for such artists as Foreigner, Toto, Rick Springfield, The Kinks, BTO, Peter Frampton and Joe Cocker. <mask> produced Driven2Rock at the MGM Grand which gave custom inlaid Melancon Guitars to stars such as Dale Earnhardt Jr., Britney Spears and Michael Waltrip on March 5 and 6th 2004. Credits

Composed songs for
 Lisa Hartman
 Little Feat
 God Street Wine
 EFX (show)
 Flame
 Diana Ross
 Loverboy
 Zachary Richard
 Trixter

masks:
Bill Wray
Jim Wray
Bill Wray
Wray
Wray
Wray
Bill Wray
Bill Wray
Wray
Wray


title: Tom Skinner

texts:
<mask>  (18 April 1909 – 11 November 1991) was a New Zealand politician and Trades Union leader. Sir <mask> served as President of the Auckland Trades Council from 1954 to 1976, and President of the New Zealand Federation of Labour from 1959 until 1979. <mask> was known as a conciliatory and accommodating political leader, and in the 1970s he was seen as the voice of unionism in New Zealand. He served on several international union forums, including a spell as a member of the body controlling the International Labour Organization. He was instrumental in founding the Shipping Corporation of New Zealand, and was knighted in 1976. Early life
<mask> was born in Mangaweka in 1909, the third child and eldest son in a family of five. His father was a South African-born plumber (also <mask>); his mother was Australian-born Alice (née Chalk).The family moved to Auckland when <mask> was five, and he attended Bayfield school in Herne Bay. After leaving school he became an apprentice plumber, and established a plumbing business after finishing his apprenticeship. An accident on a motor-cycle left him unable to continue this work, and he had several other jobs until his health enabled him to return to plumbing. It was during the course of one of these jobs, as a milkman, that <mask> was first exposed to industrial action and union politics. <mask> married Martha May Wangford in December 1931. In December 1937, the <mask> family became the first tenants of a state house in Coates Avenue, Orakei. Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage helped carry furniture in through the front door (as he had with the first state house in Miramar, Wellington in September).This marriage was to produce one son but end in divorce. His second marriage to Mary Ethel "Molly" Yardley on 17 October 1942 resulted in a daughter and another son. Union involvement

<mask> became secretary of the

masks:
Sir Thomas Edward Skinner
Tom
Skinner
Skinner
Thomas Edward Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner
Skinner


title: Tom Skinner

texts: Auckland branch of the New Zealand Plumbers Union in 1940, and soon became involved in other smaller unions such as the Auckland Musicians Union, and also with  the New Zealand Labour Party. In 1944 he stood unsuccessfully for the Auckland City Council on a Labour Party ticket. In 1946 he was Labour candidate for the Tamaki electorate, winning the marginal seat by a slender margin. Labour was defeated in the following election in 1949, and his seat was lost to Eric Halstead. He stood for the seat again at the next election but was again unsuccessful.<mask> had initially hoped to win nomination for the safe seat of  but was instead allocated the more marginal seat of Tamaki and was resentful towards Ritchie Macdonald who won the nomination for the Ponsonby seat. <mask> returned to his union career, becoming one of the new leaders of the movement after the disastrous 1951 Waterfront dispute. In 1952 he was elected vice president of the Auckland Trades Council and became president two years later, a position he retained for over 20 years. In 1959 <mask> was elected vice president of the New Zealand Federation of Labour and became president on the death of Fintan Patrick Walsh in 1963. As a leader, he was more conciliatory than his firebrand predecessor and encouraged several disaffected unions to rejoin the national body. <mask>'s conciliatory style served him well during the following years, as the late 1960s saw a rise in union restlessness with a government-controlled wage-fixing system. While he lost the vote on some key union policies, his strategy of directly approaching employers and individual unions to get them to work towards compromise solutions was frequently far more effective than his opponents' calls for the widespread use of direct action.By the late 1960s, collective bargaining was a well-established part of industrial relations. <mask>'s

masks: Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner


title: Tom Skinner

texts: 16-year leadership of the FoL was marked by his attempts to find consensus and avoid division wherever possible — traits possibly born out of the aftermath of the 1951 dispute. By the 1970s, <mask> was seen as the voice of unionism in New Zealand, and served on several international union forums, including a spell as a member of the body controlling the International Labour Organization. With the election of Norman Kirk's Labour government in 1972, <mask> was able to have more say, indirectly, on policy. He was instrumental in founding the Shipping Corporation of New Zealand, and was its deputy chairman. A new Industrial Relations Act passed by the government was negotiated with the FOL and the Employers' Federation. The 1975 general election saw a return to power of Robert Muldoon and the National Party, which was elected on a strong anti-union platform.The introduction of a wage freeze in 1976 and amendments to the Industrial Relations Act which changed the definition of strikes and lockouts and increased penalties against striking workers led to demands for union action. Although many unions went on strike, a serious crisis was averted. <mask> was criticised by several unions for his moderate stance, but a vote on his leadership at the FoL's 1976 conference showed he still had overwhelming support. <mask>'s more moderate stance had the additional benefit that – while publicly opposed, <mask> and Muldoon (coincidentally the Member of Parliament for <mask>'s old Tamaki seat) established a working relationship that allowed progress to be made on government industrial policy to both sides' benefit. Like Muldoon he had made his way by "hard work and brains. Now they lived round the street from each other in plush Tamaki. Both liked whisky and would happily conspire and connive over a weekend evening, amidst the fumes of Scotch."<mask> retired in 1979 and

masks: Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner


title: Tom Skinner

texts:
 was replaced by the more militant Jim Knox. Knox's style led to a sidelining of <mask>, though he retained an involvement with the NZ Shipping Corporation until the 1980s. After his wife died in 1985, he spent his time largely out of the public spotlight. Sir <mask> died on 11 November 1991 in Auckland. Activities outside the union movement
<mask> was heavily involved in many community organisations, most notably the St John Ambulance Association, but also among them the Royal New Zealand Coastguard and the New Zealand Institute for the Blind. He was also a director of private radio station Radio Pacific. <mask> was deputy chairman of the St John Ambulance Association's Auckland branch from 1958 to 1973 and chairman from 1973 to 1989.His sporting interests included yachting, cricket, and considerable involvement as a rugby league referee and administrator, and he managed the Kiwis' tour to Britain in 1960. A member of the Priory of St John in New Zealand, <mask> was made a Knight of the Order of St John in 1970 for his contribution to the St John's Ambulance Association. In the 1976 New Year Honours, he was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire, for services to the trade union movement and the community. <mask>'s autobiography, Man to Man (co-written by John Berry), was published by Whitcoulls in 1980. Notes

References

1909 births
1991 deaths
People from Mangaweka
New Zealand trade unionists
New Zealand Labour Party MPs
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand MPs for Auckland electorates
People from Auckland
New Zealand rugby league administrators
New Zealand rugby league referees
Knights of Grace of the Order of St John
New Zealand Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1951 New Zealand general election
Unsuccessful candidates in the 1949 New Zealand general

masks: Skinner Tom Skinner Skinner Skinner Skinner


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
<mask> (June 24, 1797 – January 3, 1864) was an Irish-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. He was the fourth Bishop and first Archbishop of the Archdiocese of New York, serving between 1842 and his death in 1864. In 1841, he founded St. John's College, which would later become Fordham University. A native of Ireland, <mask> was born and raised in the south of County Tyrone. He emigrated to the United States in 1817, and became a priest in 1826 and a bishop in 1838. A figure of national prominence, he exercised great moral and social influence, and presided over a period of explosive growth for Catholicism in New York. He was regarded as "the best known, if not exactly the best loved, Catholic bishop in the country."He became known as "Dagger <mask>," both for his following the Catholic practice wherein a bishop precedes his signature with a cross, as well as for his aggressive personality. Early life
<mask> was born in the hamlet of Annaloghan, near Augher, in County Tyrone, part of the Province of Ulster in the north of Ireland. He was the third of seven children of Patrick and Margaret (née McKenna) <mask>. In reference to the anti-Catholic penal laws of Ireland, he later observed that, prior to his baptism, he had lived the first five days of his life on terms of "social and civil equality with the most favored subjects of the British Empire." He and his family suffered religious persecution in their native land; his late sister was denied a Catholic burial conducted by a priest, and <mask> himself was nearly attacked by a group of Orangemen when he was about 15. He was sent with his elder brothers to a day school in the nearby village of Augher, and afterwards attended a grammar school in Aughnacloy. <mask>, a poor but respectable tenant farmer, was forced to withdraw <mask> from school and sent him to work one of his farms.However, being disinclined to farm life, he was placed as an apprentice

masks:
John Joseph Hughes
Hughes
John
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Patrick Hughes
John


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
 to Roger Toland, the gardener at Favour Royal Manor, to study horticulture. His family emigrated to the United States in 1816 and settled in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. <mask> joined them there the following year. He made several unsuccessful applications to Mount St. Mary's College in Emmitsburg, Maryland, where he was eventually hired by its Rector, the Abbé <mask>, S.S., as a gardener. During this time he befriended Mother Elizabeth Ann Seton, who was favorably impressed by <mask> and persuaded Dubois to reconsider his admission. <mask> was subsequently admitted as a regular student of Mount St. Mary's in September 1820. In addition to his studies, he continued to supervise the garden, and served as a tutor in Latin and mathematics as well as prefect over the other students.At that time, the president of Mount St. Mary's was the brilliant Simon Bruté, who also lectured on Sacred Scripture and taught Theology and Moral Philosophy. (Bruté would later become the first bishop of the Diocese of Vincennes, Indiana.) <mask> would on numerous occasions consult with his former teacher for advice long after he had left Emmitsburg. Priesthood
As a seminarian, <mask> resolved to serve his home Diocese of Philadelphia, then governed by Bishop Henry Conwell. The bishop, while performing a canonical visitation of his diocese, met <mask> at his parents' home in Chambersburg and invited him to accompany him on the remainder of his visitation. On October 15, 1826, <mask> was ordained to the priesthood by Bishop Conwell at Old St. Joseph's Church in Philadelphia. <mask>' first assignment was as a curate at St. Augustine's Church in Philadelphia, where he assisted its pastor, the Rev.Father Michael Hurley, O.E.S.A., by celebrating Mass, hearing confessions, preaching sermons, and other duties in the parish. Later that year he was sent to serve as a missionary in Bedford, where he secured the conversions of several Protestants. In January

masks:
Hughes
John Dubois
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
 1827, he was recalled to Philadelphia and named pastor of St. Joseph's Church. He laboured afterwards at St. Mary's Church, whose trustees were in open revolt against the bishop, and were subdued by <mask> only when he built St. John the Evangelist Church in 1832, then considered one of the finest in the country. Previous to this, in 1829, he founded St. John's Orphan Asylum. About this time <mask> became engaged in a public controversy over Catholic beliefs with the Rev. <mask>. Breckinridge, a distinguished Presbyterian clergyman and son of the former Attorney General in the Jefferson Administration.Several debates ensued between the two concerning whether Catholicism was compatible with American republicanism and liberty. Though it was predicted that the Irish immigrant would be outclassed by his better educated Protestant adversary, <mask> acquitted himself very well against his opponent's attacks on his religion. The debates resulted in the pugnacious <mask>' emergence as a vigorous defender of Catholicism in America. His name was mentioned for the vacant see of Cincinnati and as a coadjutor for Philadelphia. Episcopacy

Coadjutor bishop
<mask> was chosen by Pope Gregory XVI as the coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of New York on August 7, 1837. He was consecrated bishop at St. Patrick's Old Cathedral on January 7, 1838, with the title of the titular see of Basilinopolis, by the Bishop of New York, <mask>, S.S., his former Rector. Although wishing <mask> no ill, many of the priests in the diocese had favored the popular Rev <mask>, Vicar-General.Power had been overlooked for the position in 1826 when Dubois won the appointment as bishop. The clergy demonstrated their disappointment by not attending the consecration. Trusteeism
One challenge <mask> took on upon arriving in New York was the dispute between the trustees of various parishes in the city, who held the control of these institutions. This practice was known as

masks:
Hughes
Hughes
John A
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
John Dubois
Hughes
John Power
Hughes


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
 trusteeism, and the bishop challenged both the practicality and the legitimacy of it. <mask> drew upon his experience with this situation in Philadelphia and was able to get a referendum passed by the Catholics of the city in 1841 supporting the authority of the bishop. Education
<mask> also campaigned actively on behalf of Irish immigrants, and attempted to secure state support for parochial schools; the effort failed. He protested against the standard use of the King James Bible in public schools by the Public School Society, a private organization which operated the schools of New York City.He claimed that it was an attack on Catholic constitutional rights of double taxation, because Catholics would need to pay taxes for public school and also pay for the parochial school to send their children, to avoid having their children indoctrinated by teachers following the Protestant teachings footnoted in that translation of the Bible. However, there are no footnotes in the King James Bible; nonetheless the translation itself favoured a Protestant doctrine over a Catholic one, in addition to being a translation from the Textus Receptus rather than the Catholic Latin Vulgate. When he failed to secure state support, he founded an independent Catholic school system in New York, as did other Catholic centers. The resulting parochial school systems which became an integral part of the Catholic Church's structure two decades after <mask> died, at the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore (1884). It mandated that all parishes nationwide have a school and that all Catholic children be sent to those schools. Bishop of New York
<mask> was appointed Apostolic Administrator of the diocese the following year, due to Dubois' failing health. As coadjutor, he automatically succeeded Dubois upon the bishop's death on December 20, 1842.He took over a diocese which covered the entire State of New York and northern New Jersey, having only some 40

masks: Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
 priests to serve a Catholic population estimated to be about 200,000 at the time. In 1844 anti-Catholic riots instigated by Nativist agitators threatened to spread to New York from Philadelphia, where two churches had been burned and twelve people had died. <mask> put armed guards at Catholic churches and, after learning a Nativist rally was scheduled to take place in New York, famously told the Nativist sympathizing mayor that "if a single Catholic Church were burned in New York, the city would become a second Moscow" – a reference to the Fire of Moscow. City leaders took him at his word, and the anti-Catholic faction was not allowed to conduct its rally. <mask> founded the Ultramontane newspaper the New York Freeman to express his ideas. In 1850 he delivered an address entitled "The Decline of Protestantism and Its Causes," in which he announced as the ambition of Catholicism "to convert all Pagan nations, and all Protestant nations. . . . Our mission [is] to convert the world –including the inhabitants of the United States – the people of the cities, and the people of the country, . . . the Legislatures, the Senate, the Cabinet, the President, and all!"<mask> held a "strong commitment to the cause of Irish freedom" but also felt that immigrants, particularly his fellow Irish immigrants, "should demonstrate their unswerving loyalty to their adopted land." Archbishop
<mask> became an archbishop on July 19, 1850, when the diocese was elevated to the status of archdiocese by Pope Pius IX. As archbishop, <mask> became the metropolitan for the Catholic bishops serving all the dioceses established in the entire Northeastern United States. He convened the first meeting of the Ecclesiastical Province of New York in September 1854. After this he traveled to Rome, where he was present at the proclamation of the Immaculate Conception as a dogma of the Catholic Church by Pope Pius. <mask> served as President Lincoln's semiofficial

masks: Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts: envoy to the Vatican and to France in later 1861 and early 1862. Lincoln also sought <mask>' advice on the appointment of hospital chaplains.In an address in March 1852, <mask> lionized what he referred to as the "spirit of the constitution," expressed hope that the "parties" of the republic would be completely "penetrated" by that spirit, and stated that the founders' achievements in the realm of religious freedom were "original" in history and that the constitution's "negation of all power to legislate" on "rights of conscience" made American law on that topic superior to that of other countries which had secured these rights "by some positive statute." In the same address, <mask> also expressed sentiments of religious toleration, stating that "we are indebted" to the "liberality of Protestantism," in light of the fact that the framers of the Constitution "were almost, if not altogether, exclusively Protestants," while averring that the strong leadership of Washington and the variety of opposing Protestant views were likely more influential to the framers' stance on religious freedom than Protestantism itself. <mask> also stated that "the great men who framed the Constitution saw, with keen and delicate perception, that the right to tolerate implied the equal right to refuse toleration, and on behalf of the United States, as a civil government, they denied all right to legislate in the premises, one way or the other." He affirmed the role of Catholic soldiers in American wars, declaring, "I think I shall be safe in saying that there has not been one important campaign or engagement in which Catholics have not bivouacked, fought, and fallen by the side of Protestants, in maintaining the rights and honor of their common country." <mask> also said that "It is... out of place, and altogether untrue, to assert or assume that this is a Protestant country or a Catholic country. It is neither. It is a land of religious freedom and

masks: Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes Hughes


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
 equality; and I hope that, in this respect, it shall remain just what it now is to the latest posterity," and also that "Catholics, as such, are by no means strangers and foreigners in this land....The Catholics have been here from the earliest dawn of the morning." Slavery, and <mask>el
While <mask> did not endorse slavery, he suggested that the conditions of the "starving laborers" in the Northern states were often worse than that of those held in bondage in the South. He believed the Abolitionist movement veered towards ideological excess. In 1842 <mask> had cautioned his flock against signing O'Connell's abolitionist petition ("An Address of the People of Ireland to their Countrymen and Countrywomen in America") which he regarded as unnecessarily provocative. Against what he saw as the Protestant republican agenda promoted by the Young Irelander exile <mask> and his journal the Citizen, <mask>, nonetheless, took a stand on the issue. Mitchel was uncompromising in defence of slavery, denying it was a crime, "or even a peccadillo to hold slaves, to buy slaves, to keep slaves to their work by flogging or other needful correction". He, himself, might wish for "a good plantation well-stocked with healthy negroes in Alabama."At Mitchel saw it, <mask> copied the abolition press "to cast an Alabama plantation" in his "teeth”. Death

<mask> served as archbishop until his death. He was originally buried in the old St. Patrick's Cathedral, but his remains were exhumed in 1882 and reinterred in the crypt under the altar of the new St. Patrick's Cathedral which he had undertaken to build. Character
Monsignor Thomas Shelley in his study on <mask> described him as a very "complex character," with one side that was "impetuous and authoritarian, a poor administrator and worse financial manager, indifferent to the non-Irish members of his flock, and prone to invent reality when it suited the purposes of his rhetoric." But Shelley finds

masks:
John Mitch
Hughes
Hughes
John Mitchel
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes
Hughes


title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
 this did not detract from the effectiveness of <mask>, who established 61 new parishes along with many other institutions. Historian Daniel Walker Howe writes that <mask> "labored to bring a largely working-class Irish community into a meaningful relationship with Catholic Christianity" while at the same time working "to conciliate middle-class Catholics and Protestant well-wishers whose financial support he needed for his amazingly ambitious program of building." Howe continues, "Although no theologian, <mask> ranks high for political judgment and in the significance of his accomplishments among nineteenth century American statesmen, civil as well as ecclesiastical.He successfully coped with fierce party competition in New York, bitter battles over the public school system, revolutions in Europe, the rise of nativism across the United States, and soaring rates of immigration after the Great Famine of Ireland. He encouraged his people to hard work, personal discipline, and upward social mobility." "Crucially, he combined his staunch American patriotism with staunch devotion to a nineteenth-century papacy deeply suspicious of all liberalism, especially American." <mask> "succeeded in fostering a strong Irish American identity, one centered on the Catholic faith rather than on the secular radicalism of the Irish nationalists who competed with him for community leadership." This achievement, however, came "at the cost of losing to the Irish-American community the Irish Protestant immigrants." According to his later successor, Patrick Cardinal Hayes, named archbishop of New York in 1919, Archbishop <mask> was severe of manner, and kindly of heart, but was not aggressive until assailed. Legacy
In New York, <mask> founded St. John's College (now Fordham University) and, under his administration, invited many religious congregations to staff and administrate schools in New York, among them members of the Society of Jesus (to whom

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John Hughes
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title: John Hughes (archbishop)

texts:
 he entrusted the care of St. John's), who also established Fordham Prep and Xavier High School; the Brothers of the Christian Schools who founded Manhattan College; and he established as an autonomous congregation the Sisters of Charity of New York, in which his sister Angela was a member, who founded the Academy of Mount St. Vincent (now College of Mount Saint Vincent).All of these institutions remain active to this day. "<mask> Hall," the first purpose-built home of Fordham Prep, was named for the archbishop in 1935. The building currently houses Fordham University's Gabelli School of Business on its Rose Hill campus. There is also a dining space on the Rose Hill campus named  "Dagger John's" in honor of <mask>. In addition, each year, Fordham recognizes a graduating senior who has demonstrated achievement in the study of philosophy with an award named in honor of <mask>. To the dismay of many in New York's Protestant upper-class, <mask> foresaw the uptown expansion of the city and began construction of the current St. Patrick's Cathedral on Fifth Avenue between 50th and 51st Street, laying its cornerstone on August 15, 1858. It was not completed until after his death.At the time, due to its remote location in a still-rural part of Manhattan, the new cathedral was initially dubbed "<mask>' Folly" by the press for many years. Ultimately, <mask>' foresight proved providential, as the rapid urban growth uptown would soon place the new cathedral in the emerging urban center of midtown Manhattan. References

External links

1797 births
1864 deaths
People from County Tyrone
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Mount St. Mary's University alumni
19th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in the United States
Roman Catholic archbishops of New York
Fordham University faculty
Founders of Catholic religious communities
Burials at St. Patrick's Old Cathedral
Burials at St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)
University and


title: Zimri (king)

texts:
Zimri (Hebrew: , Zīmrī, lit. "praiseworthy", also transliterated as Zambri due to a Greek corruption of Omri), was the fifth king of Israel. His reign lasted only seven days. William F. Albright has dated his reign to 876 BCE, while E. R. Thiele offers the date 885 BCE. His story is told in 1 Kings, Chapter 16. Ancestry

According to Louis Ginzberg, Zimri was the only monarch born from the Tribe of Simeon. Reportedly, this Tribe never received a blessing from Moses,  and did not have an impact in the royal successions of Israel.In Judah's Sceptre and Joseph's Birthright (1902), J. H. Allen suggested that <mask> was a descendant of Zerah. Zerah is a character in the Book of Genesis, one of the twin sons of Judah and Tamar. Zerah was the twin brother Perez, and one of the founding members of the Tribe of Judah. Allen's speculation was based on the Books of Chronicles. In 1 Chronicles 2:6, another character called "<mask>" is listed among the five sons of Zerah:

Allen thought it likely that <mask>, son of Zerah was a namesake ancestor of King <mask>. Tomoo Ishida suggested instead that the narrative of dynastic instability in the Kingdom of Israel suggests an underlying rivalry among tribes for its throne. In the biblical narrative, the House of Jeroboam was from the Tribe of Ephraim, while the House of Baasha was from the Tribe of Issachar.The Omrides are connected in this narrative with the city of Jezreel, where they maintained a second palace. According to the Book of Joshua, Jezreel was

masks: Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri


title: Zimri (king)

texts:
 controlled by the Tribe of Issachar. Ishida views the narrative as suggesting that the Omrides themselves were members of the Tribe of Issachar. The assassinated king Elah and Omri thus shared a "common tribal origin", and were possibly kinsmen. Omri and the Tribe of Issachar's opposition to <mask> indicates that Zimri was not a member of their tribe. Ishida views both <mask> and his successor Tibni as likely members of the Tribe of Ephraim, its candidates in an attempt to reclaim the throne. But he also suggests another hypothesis, that Tibni originated from the city of Gina (also known as Beth-haggan) mentioned in the Amarna letters (14th century BC).In the Biblical narrative, this city was under the control of the Tribe of Manasseh. So Tibni could instead be the Tribe of Manasseh's candidate for the throne. Similarly, genealogist David Hughes speculated that <mask> and Tibni were members of the Tribe of Ephraim, and siblings to each other. He further speculated that they were descendants of Hoshea, son of Azaziah, one of the rulers of the Tribe of Ephraim. Hoshea and Azaziah are characters briefly mentioned in the Books of Chronicles (I Chronicles 27:20), where Hoshea is a contemporary of David:

Reign

He was the chariot commander who murdered king Elah and all his family members at Tirzah, as Elah was drinking in the house of Arza, his steward. <mask> succeeded Elah as king. However, <mask> reigned only seven days, because the army elected Omri as king.With their support, Omri laid siege to

masks: Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri


title: Zimri (king)

texts:
 Tirzah. Finding his position untenable, <mask> set fire to the palace, killing himself. Omri solidified his reign only after four years of war with Tibni, another claimant to the throne. Analysis

In the biblical text, <mask> is introduced as the military commander who leads half of the chariotry in the army of Elah, King of Israel. The text offers no background information on <mask>, focusing entirely on the assassination of Elah by <mask>, and the subsequent extermination of the House of Baasha which <mask> orchestrated. According to Marvin A. Sweeney, this lack of detail is a consequence of the ephemerality of <mask>a, Zimri apparently had no historical impact.The motivation behind <mask>'s coup d'état is not stated in the biblical text, though it is "readily intelligible" from its context in the narrative. in the late years of his reign, Baasha of Israel had faced a military alliance against him, formed by the Kingdom of Judah and the Arameans. The northernmost areas of the Kingdom of Israel were under the threat of an Aramean invasion, and Baasha had been forced to abandon his control over the city of Ramah in Benjamin. In other words, Israel was facing a military and political disaster, which likely undermined the political support for the reigning House of Baasha. According to the biblical text, Elah was assassinated in the city of Tirzah. <mask> attacked him within the residence of Arza, who was apparently the royal steward. The sparse narrative offers no other information on Arza.The

masks: Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimriash Zimri Zimri


title: Zimri (king)

texts: narrative does mention that Elah was suffering from alcohol intoxication at the time of the assassination. During his short reign, <mask> reportedly managed to exterminate the entire House of Baasha, along with their kinspeople and their supporters. The narrative claims that <mask> was following an oracle, given by a diviner called Jehu. Zimri reportedly left the corpses of his victims, the members of the House of Baasha, unburied. The corpses were used as food by the local dogs and birds. The biblical text then mentions that the army of Israel was far from Tirzah at the time of the assassination. The army was besieging Gibbethon, a city controlled by the Philistines.The implication here is that <mask> was free to act, because the absent army could not defend king Elah. Presumably <mask> hoped that he could secure his place on the throne before the army could react to his coup. In the Biblical narrative, the army of Israel refuses to accept <mask> as a legitimate king, and instead elects its commander Omri as a rival candidate for the throne, an anti-king. The text implies that <mask> used to be subordinate to Omri in the command hierarchy of the army, and still had more influence on the troops than <mask>. The narrative continues with Omri and his army rapidly marching towards Tirzah, and besieging the city. <mask> apparently did not expect such a rapid response to his coup, and did not have enough time to organize the defense of the city. The city fell after a brief siege.<mask> set the royal

masks: Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri


title: Zimri (king)

texts: palace on fire and died in the flames, choosing suicide by self-immolation over surrendering to Omri. Following <mask>'s death, the narrative continues with a civil war between the rival kings Omri and Tibni. The sparse text leaves it unclear whether Tibni was a supporter of <mask> who took over the leadership of <mask>'s political faction, or whether he was an opportunist who was merely attempting to take advantage of the power vacuum created by <mask>. William H. Barnes interprets the phrase "half the king's chariot" to mean that there were two chariot military formations in the army of Israel. <mask> apparently led a chariot formation stationed at the city of Tirzah itself, from where it could easily respond to military attacks by the Kingdom of Judah. The other formation, which is not mentioned in the text, was likely stationed at the city of Megiddo. Barnes suggests that Elah was attending a private party at the time of his assassination.The writers of the Books of Kings used this occasion to express their disapproval of political or military leaders drinking to excess. Not directly stated is that <mask> took advantage of the party, to strike at Elah while his guard was down. The host of the party, Arza, was the supervisor of the palace. Making his position equivalent to that of a majordomo or prime minister. Zimri's elimination of all members of the previous reigning family was a then-"typical procedure", in order to avoid reprisals from Elah's heirs. Despite holding a high-ranking position

masks: Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri


title: Zimri (king)

texts: in the military, <mask> never receives a patronymic in the biblical narrative. This likely indicates that this monarch's ancestry was humble or obscure.The name 'Zimri" has been suggested to derive from the Aramaic language. Another possible explanation is that it was a theophoric name, a shortening of the phrase "strength of Yahweh". If so, Yahweh was Zimri's tutelary deity. Barnes calls attention to the siege of Gibbethon in the narrative of <mask>'s reign. A previous siege of Gibbethon is mentioned in the First Books of Kings, taking place in the last year of the reign of Nadab of Israel, 24 years before <mask>'s rise to the throne. Several writers have suggested that the implication in the text is the army of Israel had been intermittently besieging this city for 24 years, without ever managing to capture it. A testament to the military weakness of Israel under the rule of the House of Baasha.The biblical narrative views <mask>'s death in the flames as a "tragically heroic" manner of dying, indicating that suicide was not seen as a cowardly way to die. <mask>'s suicide has similarities to Samson's suicide in the Book of Judges. The text describing the fire is vague enough to allow the possibility that Omri's army had set the palace on fire, instead of <mask> himself. However, the text otherwise indicates that <mask> chose the manner of his death. The writers of the Books of Kings accuse <mask> of repeating the sins of his distant predecessor, Jeroboam. This is a standard condemnation, used in

masks: Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri Zimri


title: Zimri (king)

texts: the narrative to vilify every king of Israel. <mask> did not reign long enough to emulate Jeroboam's policies, or to commit the other sins typically indicated.While a reign of seven days is usually attributed to <mask>, there is a divergent account in the Greek-language text of the Codex Vaticanus. This variant attributes a reign of seven years to <mask>. The difference likely derives from the Hebrew term "Yamim" and how it was interpreted. It is variously translated as "days" or "years", and specifically translates to "years" in passages from the Books of Samuel. Barnes notes that there is a discrepancy in the way the narrative depicts <mask>. He is castigated as a usurper and a traitor in nearly every passage of the narrative, yet treated as a tragic hero in the narrative of his death. <mask>'s suicide by self-immolation is not unique in ancient narratives.The legendary king Sardanapalus of Assyria supposedly died in this manner, and there are similar accounts on the deaths of the historical kings Shamash-shum-ukin of Babylon (reigned 667-648 BC) and Sinsharishkun of Assyria (reigned c. 627-612 BC). Barnes notes that <mask> was the last king of Israel to use Tirzah as his capital city. His successor Omri transferred the capital to the city of Samaria. Hillel I. Millgram draws a number of inferences, based on the available information in the sparse text. First, <mask>'s coup was probably the result of "meticulous planning", and prepared in advance. Within a few days, <mask> and his unnamed


title: Zimri (king)

texts: supporters managed to hunt down and execute the extended royal family, along with its friends and its supporters. This suggests that the entire ruling circle of the Kingdom was swiftly executed.In Millgram's views, this suggests that <mask> had prepared a hit list which identified the intended victims. The executions were likely carried out by death squads employed by <mask>. <mask>'s swift executions seem to have had a clear purpose, to prevent the formation of a counter-revolution which would oppose his regime. He probably expected the rest of the kingdom to accept the regime change as fait accompli, miscalculating his own influence over the royal army. The news of the assassinations may have caught Omri by surprise, but likely inspired the ambitious general to claim the throne for himself. <mask>'s purge likely inspired resentment among the troops, which Omri managed to use for his own purposes. Millgram estimates a distance of  between Zimri's headquarters in Tirzah, and Omri's headquarters outside the walls of Gibbethon.A distance which an army could cover within two days of loaded marching. The fall of Tirzah after a surprisingly short siege, allows insight into the flaws of Zimri's planning. The capital city lacked the provisions to endure a longer siege. <mask> may have found preparations for a siege unnecessary, or he devoted most of his attention to the purge instead of the defensive measures needed. The general population of the city would be unlikely to take risk in defense of the new


title: Zimri (king)

texts: regime, as this regime had been dedicated to killing part of the city's residents. The city probably fell with minimal resistance, and <mask>'s suicide indicates that <mask> himself accepted the defeat of his forces. His main concern was to escape captivity at the hands of his enemies.The narrative of his brief reign suggests that <mask> never left Tirzah. Consequently, he did not have the time to make a pilgrimage to the holy site of Bethel, which was a religious duty for the kings of Israel. Millgram makes the observation that the narrative in the Books of Kings presents <mask> as more ruthless and bloodthirsty than the previous usurpers of the king. Jeroboam had usurped the throne from the legitimate king Rehoboam, but did not actually kill Rehoboam. Jeroboam's supporters merely killed Adoniram, one of Rehoboam's subordinate officials. Baasha had usurped the throne from the legitimate king Nadab, by killing both Nadab and the extended royal family of the House of Jeroboam. But Baasha is not mentioned killing Nadab's other supporters.<mask> killed Elah the extended royal family of the House of Baasha, and their supporters. In this narrative of successive usurpations, <mask>'s reign thus represents an event of conflict escalation. The suicide of <mask> plays a role in the narrative concerning the succession. It absolves Omri from accusations of regicide. Following Jeroboam and Nadab, Omri becomes the third king of Israel who has neither committed regicide (unlike Baasha and <mask>), nor is the


title: Zimri (king)

texts: son of a regicide (unlike Elah). According to Edward F. Campbell, there is one distinctive feature of the biblical narrative concerning the kings <mask> and Omri. The military of Israel itself is the instigator of the action in this narrative, assisting in the elevation of both kings in power.No prophet is depicted in this narrative, there is neither divine intervention, nor any hint of divine approval or disapproval for any action in this narrative. The narrative does not depict any deity, and any representative of a deity. The transition in government is thus not explained through an appeal to divine authority, unlike other narratives in the Books of Kings. Robin Gallaher Branch has observed that the Biblical text uses the term "'ebed" (slave, servant) in reference to <mask>'s social position before rising to the throne, rather than the term "mesharet" (free servant) which was often used for military officials serving the Hebrew monarchs. In his view, this suggests that <mask> may have been a literal slave who was entrusted with a military position. <mask>'s relatively high-ranking military position suggests that he had sufficient "brawn, brute force, and technical skill" to serve in this position. In the biblical narrative, Elah behaves similarly to his distant predecessor David.David remained in his capital Jerusalem during wartime operations, choosing to stay away from the front lines. David entrusted the leadership of his army to Joab and devoted his own time to committing adultery with a


title: Zimri (king)

texts:
 married woman, Bathsheba. Following David's precedent, Elah entrusted the leadership of his army to Omri, and stayed away from the front lines. He devoted his own time to alcohol drinking and attending parties. The behavior seems intended to prevent the kings from risking their own lives in war, and to use their soldiers to handle life-threatening situations. Yet, this behavior gave <mask> the opportunity to assassinate Elah, in the absence of most of the royal army. <mask> was not the only Biblical character to commit suicide.The group of other Biblical suicide victims includes Saul, Ahitophel, and Judas Iscariot. While the Biblical narrative depicts <mask>'s boldness and willingness to take decisive action, his short reign exhibits only one outstanding skill of this monarch: <mask> was a "proficient killer". Branch observes that the narrative implies that <mask> lacked administrative skills. He connects Zimri to a passage of the Book of Proverbs (30:21–22) which disparages servants who become kings, apparently because their powerful position makes them "excessively pretentious, arrogant, and disagreeable". Such behaviour by Zimri could explain why he lacked sufficient popular support in his conflict with Omri. Legacy
The name <mask> became a byword for a traitor who murdered his master. When Jehu led a bloody military revolt to seize the throne of Israel, killed both Jehoram king of Israel and Ahaziah king of Judah, and entered the citadel of Jezreel to execute Queen Jezebel, she greeted him


title: Zimri (king)

texts:
 with the words: "Is it peace, Zimri, you murderer of your master?"(). In John Dryden's Absalom and Achitophel, the character of <mask> stands for the Duke of Buckingham. References

Further reading

9th-century BC Kings of Israel
880s BC deaths
Regicides
Biblical murderers
Suicides by self-immolation
Ancient people who committed suicide
House of Zimri
Tribe of Simeon
Dethroned


title: Blas Ople

texts:
<mask> (February 3, 1927 – December 14, 2003) was a Filipino journalist and politician who held several high-ranking positions in the executive and legislative branches of the Philippine government, including as Senate President from 1999 to 2000, and as Secretary of Foreign Affairs from 2002 until his death. Perceived as a leftist-nationalist at the onset of his career in public service, <mask> was, in his final years, a vocal supporter for allowing a limited United States military presence in the Philippines, and for American initiatives in the War on Terror including the 2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq. <mask>'s most enduring role was his nineteen years as Secretary (later Minister) of Labor and Employment during the administration of President Ferdinand Marcos, when Philippine labor laws were overhauled through the enactment of the Labor Code of the Philippines that he had helped author. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Hagonoy, Bulacan on February 3, 1927, to <mask>, a craftsman who repaired boats, and his wife Segundina Fajardo. He graduated valedictorian of his grade school class at the Hagonoy Elementary School in 1941. Upon the invasion of the Philippines by Japan during World War II, he also had been to Hagonoy Institute during his secondary schooling, the teenage <mask> joined the guerilla movement and fought under the Del Pilar Regiment and the Buenavista Regiment of the Bulacan Military Area founded by Alejo Santos. In 1948, he finished his high school studies at the Far Eastern University High School in Manila.He worked towards a degree in liberal arts at the Educational Center of Asia (formerly Quezon College) in Manila. After graduation, <mask> pursued a career in journalism. He became a desk editor at the Daily Mirror and the author of its Jeepney Tales column. Still in his twenties, <mask> was one of the youngest newspaper columnists of that era. <mask> also established a public relations consulting firm. He soon became known for his nationalist views. He co-founded the Kilusang Makabansa (National Progress Movement), an organization

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Blas Fajardo Ople
Ople
Ople
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Felix Antonio Ople
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title: Blas Ople

texts:
 which frequently spoke out on issues of nationalism and social justice in the 1950s.In 1953, he joined the Magsaysay-for-President Movement, a volunteer group supporting the presidential campaign of Ramon Magsaysay, heading its Executive Planning Committee and working as a speechwriter for candidates of the Nacionalista Party. After Magsaysay's election, he joined the government as special assistant to the Secretary of Labor and technical assistant on labor and agrarian affairs. Secretary of Labor
In 1965, <mask> was appointed as Social Security Commissioner by President Ferdinand E. Marcos. In 1967, he was appointed Secretary of Labor and Employment (in 1978 the position was renamed Minister of Labor and Employment). He resigned briefly in 1971 to run an unsuccessful campaign for election to the Philippine Senate, but was re-appointed to his post in 1972, retaining the position until 1986. At the time of his appointment, <mask> was perceived as a "leftist Nationalist". His leftist credentials were enhanced when he co-founded, in 1972, the Philippine-Soviet Friendship Society.As Labor Secretary <mask> was instrumental in the framing of the Labor Code of the Philippines, which codified the labor laws of the country and introduced innovations such as prohibiting the termination of workers without legal cause. <mask> instituted labor policies institutionalizing the technical education of workers. In 1976, <mask> initiated a program for the overseas employment of Filipino workers. It was during his tenure at Labor that the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration and the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration were created. <mask> obtained recognition from the International Labour Organization during his stint as Labor Minister. In 1975, he was elected president of the 60th International Labour Conference of the ILO, the first Filipino to hold that post. In 1983, that organization awarded <mask> a Gold Medal of Appreciation.He was a close adviser of President Marcos, though he was not later to be associated with the corruption of the Marcos' government and

masks: Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople


title: Blas Ople

texts:
 was  perceived as "not corrupt". He created international headlines in December 1984 when he admitted to the press that the lupus-stricken Marcos was incapacitated to the point of being unable "to take major initiatives", and that the President's illness had placed the Philippines in "a kind of interregnum". Marcos responded a few days later by baring his chest to his Cabinet before television cameras to dispel rumors that he was seriously ill or had undergone surgery. In 1978, <mask> was elected an Assemblyman of the Interim Batasang Pambansa representing Central Luzon, and  reelected in 1984. During the 1986 presidential elections, <mask> served as a political campaign manager of President Marcos, who was running against Corazon Aquino. Shortly before the outbreak of the 1986 People Power Revolution, Marcos dispatched <mask> to Washington, D.C. to lobby the American government on behalf of the President. <mask> was in Washington D.C. upon the outbreak of the revolt, and was advised  by U.S. Secretary of State, George P. Shultz, to call on Marcos to resign.<mask> publicly reiterated his support for Marcos in the American media in such fora as on This Week with David Brinkley. 1986 Constitutional Commission Member
Following the success of the People Power Revolution and the installation to the presidency of Corazon Aquino, <mask> was relieved of his Cabinet post. <mask> returned to the Philippines and immediately attempted to position himself as the leader of the political opposition against Aquino. Nonetheless in May 1986, <mask> accepted an offer by President Aquino to serve in the Constitutional Commission that drafted a new Philippine Constitution. In the 1987 congressional elections, <mask> ran a second time for the Philippine Senate, under the banner of the nationalist-led Grand Alliance for Democracy coalition. He was defeated in this attempt, and returned to private life, serving as chairman of the Institute for Public Policy (IPP), a policy research institute. Senator of the Philippines

In 1992, he ran again for the Senate under the Laban ng

masks: Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople


title: Blas Ople

texts:
 Demokratikong Pilipino.He was elected to a six-year term. In the Senate, <mask> served as Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee and on the Commission of Appointments. He became Senate President Pro-Tempore in 1998. <mask> won a re-election for the senate in 1998, under the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino. In 1999, upon the resignation of the terminally-ill Marcelo Fernan, <mask> became the President of the Senate. In that capacity, he was a key proponent of the 1999 Visiting Forces Agreement between the Philippines and the United States, which allowed American forces to enter the Philippines for short-term training exercises. He yielded the Senate presidency in 2000 to Franklin Drilon.Later that year, he sat as one of the senator-judges in the impeachment trial of his ally, President Joseph Estrada. He was one of the eleven votes during the trial that successfully voted to block the opening of an envelope that was believed to contain proof of the corruption charges against Estrada. Public anger over the Senate vote triggered the EDSA Revolution of 2001, leading to the ouster of Estrada and the accession of Vice-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to the presidency. Secretary of Foreign Affairs
In July 2002, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo appointed <mask>, a member of the political opposition in the Senate, as Secretary of Foreign Affairs in her cabinet. The appointment was with some controversy. Weeks earlier, Arroyo's hand-picked Vice-President Teofisto Guingona had resigned as Foreign Affairs Secretary after voicing disagreement with the plan of the Philippine and United States governments to allow American troops to help combat Islamic terrorist groups such as the Abu Sayyaf as part of the post-9/11 "War on Terror". <mask>, who had earlier been a vocal supporter of the 1999 Visiting Forces Agreement, was perceived to be more amenable to the plan.In addition, left-wing labor activists denounced the appointment of <mask>, citing his Marcos-era role in promoting overseas employment of Filipino workers which, they said, had resulted in abuses

masks: Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople Ople


title: Blas Ople

texts:
 inflicted on Filipino workers abroad. During his stint as Secretary of Foreign Affairs, <mask> was at the forefront of the negotiations that led to the deployment of American military forces inside the Philippines, though he insisted that the American troops would not participate in combat missions. Under his watch, the American and Filipino governments signed an agreement that provided immunity to each other's citizens facing charges before international tribunals such as the International Criminal Court. <mask> was also a vocal supporter of the Iraq War, and pushed for the deployment of a small Filipino contingent in Iraq. He predicted in November 2003, "Baghdad will be transformed from a symbol of brutal despotism to a new, shining symbol of human freedom. The sacrifices invested in the liberation of Iraq, to which Filipinos made a significant contribution, will be fully vindicated and cherished for all time." Death and legacy

In the months prior to his death, <mask>, a longtime chain smoker, had suffered from ill health and often attended international conferences in a wheelchair.On the night of December 13, 2003, <mask> had difficulty breathing and lost consciousness while aboard a Japan Asia Airways flight from Bangkok to Tokyo. The flight was diverted to Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taoyuan County, Taiwan (now Taoyuan City), and <mask> was rushed to a nearby hospital where he was initially pronounced dead on arrival, but given medical treatment nonetheless. Efforts to revive him were futile, and his death on Sunday, December 14, 2003, was announced by his family. President Arroyo mourned <mask> as "an architect of Philippine foreign policy in the finest tradition of enlightened and pragmatic diplomacy", while U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell hailed him as "one of the pivotal figures of the late Twentieth Century for Philippine history". More critical of <mask>, Teddy Casiño, secretary-general of the leftist coalition BAYAN, called him a "political chameleon" who "tried to pass himself off as a nationalist but [was] most pro-American".


title: Blas Ople

texts:
 Nonetheless, Casiño acknowledged that <mask> was "a consistent, brilliant and very astute politician". <mask> was eulogized in Time magazine, which recalled his erudition, his skill at political survival, and his trademark "extraordinary baritone".The eulogy also said that at the height of the People Power Revolution, <mask> in Washington, D.C. had reported to Marcos in Manila that the President's support within the Reagan administration was falling. Marcos responded by asking <mask> to reach out to his contacts in the Soviet government. Ople rebuffed Marcos, and as Time noted, declined "to help make the Philippines a Soviet colony three years before the Berlin Wall fell". <mask> is buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. In 2004, President Arroyo named <mask>'s daughter, <mask>, as Undersecretary of the Department of Labor and Employment. The building housing the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration at the corner of EDSA and Ortigas Avenue was renamed Blas F. Ople Building in his honor on February 4, 2004. References

External links

Senate of the Philippines – Biography of Blas Ople
Blas F. Ople Policy Center and Training Institute

1927 births
2003 deaths
20th-century journalists
Arroyo Administration cabinet members
Burials at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
Filipino columnists
Filipino diplomats
Filipino journalists
Filipino Roman Catholics
Grand Crosses of the Order of Lakandula
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan politicians
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino politicians
Manuel L. Quezon University alumni
Marcos Administration cabinet members
Members of the Batasang Pambansa
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Bulacan
Paramilitary Filipinos
People from Bulacan
Presidents pro tempore of the Senate of the Philippines
Presidents of the Senate of the Philippines
Secretaries of Foreign Affairs of the Philippines
Secretaries of Labor and Employment of the Philippines
Senators of the 9th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 10th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 11th Congress of the Philippines
Senators of the 12th Congress of

masks:
Ople
Ople
Ople
Ople
Ople
Ople
Susan Ople


title: Joseph Mills

texts:
<mask> (born 30 October 1989) is an English footballer who plays for League Two club Northampton Town. He is the younger brother of former teammate <mask> and can play at either left back or left midfield. Career

Southampton
Born in Swindon, England, <mask> started his football career at Aston Villa's academy before opting to move to Southampton in August 2006. At Southampton, alongside his brother Matthew, he progressed through the academy and reserve sides before being promoted to the first team ahead of the 2008–09 season. He made his Southampton first team debut as substitute in a League Cup match against Birmingham City on 26 August 2008. He made his league debut at home against Barnsley on 20 September 2008. After making a handful of appearances for Southampton, on 23 February 2009, he joined Scunthorpe United on an emergency loan for one month.<mask> made his Scunthorpe United debut on 24 February 2009, where he made his first start, in a 2–0 loss against Southend United. On 24 March, the loan was extended to the end of the 2008–09 season. Although <mask> played regularly as Scunthorpe finished in 6th Place, he tore a hamstring in the final match of the league season and missed the play-offs in which Scunthorpe secured promotion to the Championship. After returning from a loan spell at Scunthorpe United, <mask> signed a new three-year contract in August 2009 after some good pre-season performances, featuring sporadically during the 2009–10 season. However, <mask> did play in Southampton's victorious Football League Trophy final against Carlisle United. In the 2010–11 season, <mask> lost his first team place under the management of Nigel Adkins and joined Doncaster Rovers on a one-month emergency loan deal on 19 October 2010,

masks:
Joseph Nathan Mills
Matt Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills


title: Joseph Mills

texts:
 making his debut the same day in a 3–2 defeat by Derby County. This loan deal was then extended to 19 January 2011.<mask> scored his first professional goal for Doncaster in a 3–0 victory over former loan club Scunthorpe United on 1 January 2011. Weeks later, on 15 January 2011, <mask> was injured in Doncaster's 3–0 defeat to Reading and this may have been his last action for Doncaster. On 31 January 2011, the loan deal was extended until the end of the season. <mask> then scored his second goal for the club on 1 March 2011, in a 3–1 win over Derby County. <mask> later finished the season, making eighteen appearances and scoring two times. In July 2011, he joined Preston North End on trial. Around the same time, <mask> was a subject of a move to Doncaster Rovers on a permanent basis.His future at Southampton become increasingly in doubt after being left out of the squad for the pre-season tour in Switerzland. Reading
On 22 August 2011, he joined Reading for an undisclosed fee, signing a one-year contract with the option of another year. Upon joining the club, <mask> revealed his brother, Matthew, played a role that led him to join Reading, a club he left for Leicester City before <mask> arrived. He made his first start for the Royals in a 2–1 defeat by Charlton Athletic, in the League Cup first round on 23 August 2011, coming off the bench for Ian Harte in the 62nd minute. Four days later, <mask> made his league debut for Reading, in a 1–0 loss against Hull City. On 6 November 2011, <mask> was announced as Man of the Match after Reading defeated Birmingham City 1–0 thanks to a Noel Hunt winner. <mask> signed a contract extension on 8 February 2012 keeping him at Reading until the end of the 2014 season.However, <mask> suffered

masks: Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Joseph Mills Mills Mills Mills


title: Joseph Mills

texts:
 injuries that kept him out for the most of the season. In his first season at Reading, <mask> made fifteen appearances for the club. Burnley
On 17 July 2012, <mask> joined Burnley on a season long loan after falling down the pecking order at Reading. He made his Burnley debut in the League Cup first round win over Port Vale and then made his first league appearance the following weekend in the 2–0 win against Bolton Wanderers. He went on to make 10 league appearances during the 2012–13 season, before joining Burnley permanently in the summer of 2013, signing a two-year contract. Loan spells
On 16 August 2013, he joined League One side Oldham Athletic on a one-month loan deal. <mask> made his Oldham Athletic debut the next day, in a 2–1 loss against Peterborough United.<mask> soon extended his loan spell for the second and third time. Despite suffering from an injury, <mask> went on to make eleven appearances for the club and returned to his parent club on 22 November 2013. On 31 January 2014, <mask> joined Shrewsbury Town on loan for the remainder of the 2013–14 season. <mask> made his Shrewsbury Town debut the next day, coming on as a substitute for Paul Parry in the 82nd minute, in a 1–1 draw against Brentford. On 29 March 2014, <mask> received a straight red card after a foul on James Chambers, in a 1–0 loss against Walsall. After an unsuccessful appeal over his suspension, <mask> returned to the first team and made the total of thirteen appearances for the club. Oldham Athletic
On 4 June 2014, <mask> signed for Oldham Athletic where he had spent a loan spell the previous season.He signed a two-year contract with the option of a third and was the Latics first summer signing. Upon joining the club, Manager Lee Johnson said of the

masks: Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills


title: Joseph Mills

texts:
 signing "It's a great signing. He's young, hungry and got a lot of potential. We'll give him an identity and a bit of love and I feel he can be a really good player for us." Upon signing for the club, <mask> was given number three shirt ahead of a new season. <mask>' first game after signing for the club on a permanent basis came in the opening game of the season on 9 August 2014, where he played 90 minutes, in a 2–2 draw against Colchester United. On 16 September 2014, <mask> then provided assist for James Dayton to score the first goal of the game, in a 2–2 draw against Swindon Town.<mask>' performance was praised by Oldham Athletic supporters and was rewarded with October's Player of the Month and December's Player of the Month by supporters. However, <mask> was soon sent-off in the 75th minute after making a tackle, in a 2–2 draw against Doncaster Rovers on 10 January 2015. Soon after, <mask> was later sidelined injuries twice towards the end of the season. Despite this, <mask> went on to make thirty appearances for the club. In his second season at Oldham Athletic saw <mask> regained his fitness and re-established himself in the first team. <mask> scored his first Oldham Athletic goal on 5 September 2015, in a 2–1 loss against Bradford City. After suffering from ankle injury, <mask> made his first team return on 31 October 2015, in a 1–0 loss against Burton Albion.<mask> was expected to leave the club in January, but stayed at the club at the end of the season. <mask> appeared in the handful of first team until he spent the rest of the season on the substitute bench, having his first team place and made fifteen appearances for the club. At the end of the 2015–16 season, <mask> was released by the club. Perth Glory
On 18 May

masks: Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills Mills


title: Joseph Mills

texts:
 2016, it was announced that <mask> had signed for A-League side Perth Glory. Upon joining the club, he said moving to Australia was an opportunity he couldn't turn down. Following two years with Perth Glory, making 44 appearances with one goal, <mask> left at the end of the 2017–18 season. Forest Green Rovers
On 8 June 2018, <mask> returned to English football when he signed for Forest Green Rovers on a two-year contract.Northampton Town
<mask> joined Northampton Town in August 2020. He scored his first goal for the club in an EFL Trophy tie against Milton Keynes Dons on 8 September 2020. On 28 August 2021, in a 0–0 draw at  Crawley, he was carried off the pitch with an ankle injury that was expected to prevent him playing for several months. On 26 January 2022, manager Jon Brady stated that <mask>' return had been delayed following a setback. International career
<mask> previously represented England U17 and England U18. Career statistics

Personal life
<mask> is the younger brother of former Bolton Wanderers defender <mask> and was given a nickname 'Fish'. <mask> is interested in cookery.In early 2016, <mask> became a father when his partner gave birth to a girl. Honours
Southampton
Football League Trophy: 2010

Reading
 Football League Championship: 2011–12

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Swindon
English footballers
Association football defenders
Southampton F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Reading F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
A-League Men players
Oldham Athletic A.F.C.players
Perth Glory FC players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Northampton Town F.C. players
English Football League players
England youth

masks:
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Mills
Matthew Mills
Mills
Mills


title: Robert D. Cabana

texts:
<mask> (born January 23, 1949) is the Associate Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA), a NASA astronaut (currently as a non-flight eligible management astronaut), and a veteran of four Space Shuttle flights. He served as Chief of the Astronaut Office from 1994 to 1997 and as director of the John F. Kennedy Space Center from 2008 to 2021. He is also a former naval flight officer and naval aviator in the United States Marine Corps. Personal
He was born January 23, 1949, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to Ted and <mask>. Ted has since moved to Salt Lake City. <mask> is the older of two sons. His younger brother is <mask>, and he is married to the former Nancy Joan Shimer of Cortland, New York.He has three children: Jeffrey, Christopher and Sarah. Education
He graduated from Washburn High School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1967. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in mathematics from the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, in 1971. Military career
After graduation from the United States Naval Academy, Cabana attended The Basic School at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, and completed Naval Flight Officer training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, in 1972. He served as an A-6 Intruder bombardier/navigator with squadrons in the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing (2nd MAW) at Marine Corps Air Station Cherry Point, North Carolina, and the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing at Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni, Japan. He returned to NAS Pensacola in 1975 for pilot training and was redesignated as a naval aviator in September 1976. He was then assigned to the 2nd MAW at MCAS Cherry Point, where he flew A-6 Intruders.He graduated from the United States Naval Test Pilot School in 1981, and served at the Naval Air

masks:
Robert Donald Cabana
Annabell Cabana
Robert
Gary Cabana


title: Robert D. Cabana

texts:
 Test Center at NAS Patuxent River, Maryland, as the A-6 program manager, X-29 advanced technology demonstrator project officer, and as a test pilot for flight systems and ordnance separation testing on A-6 Intruder and A-4 Skyhawk series aircraft. Prior to his selection as an astronaut candidate, he was serving as the assistant operations officer of Marine Aircraft Group 12 at MCAS Iwakuni, Japan. <mask> retired from the Marine Corps in August 2000 in the rank of colonel. He has logged over 7,000 hours in 34 different kinds of aircraft. NASA career

Selected by NASA as an astronaut candidate in June 1985, <mask> completed initial astronaut training in July 1986, qualifying for assignment as a pilot on future Space Shuttle flight crews. His initial assignment was as the Astronaut Office Space Shuttle flight software coordinator until November 1986. At that time he was assigned as the deputy chief of aircraft operations for the Johnson Space Center where he served for  years.He then served as the lead astronaut in the Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL) where the Orbiter's flight software is tested prior to flight. <mask> has served as a spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM) in Mission Control during Space Shuttle missions, and as chief of astronaut appearances. Prior to his assignment to command STS-88, <mask> served three years as NASA's Chief of the Astronaut Office. Following STS-88, <mask> served as the deputy director of flight crew operations. After joining the ISS Program in October 1999, <mask> served as manager for international operations. From August 2001 to September 2002, he served as director of Human Space Flight Programs, Russia. As NASA's lead representative to the Russian Aviation and Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos) and

masks: Cabana Cabana Cabana Cabana Cabana Cabana


title: Robert D. Cabana

texts:
 its contractors, he provided oversight of all human space flight operations, logistics, and technical functions, including NASA's mission operations in Korolev and crew training at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Star City, Russia.Upon his return to Houston, <mask> was assigned briefly as the deputy manager of International Space Station (ISS) Program. From November 2002 to March 2004, he served as director of Flight Crew Operations Directorate, responsible for directing the day-to-day activities of the directorate, including the NASA Astronaut Corps and aircraft operations at Ellington Field. He was then assigned as deputy director of the Johnson Space Center, where he served for three and a half years. From October 2007 through October 2008, <mask> served as director of John C. Stennis Space Center. In October 2008 he was reassigned as director of the John F. Kennedy Space Center, and served as director for over a decade. As a former "active" (eligible for space missions) astronaut still working for NASA, <mask> remains a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps, as one of sixteen (as of May 2021) management astronauts. In May 2021, <mask> was appointed as the Associate Administrator of NASA.Spaceflight experience
STS-41 Discovery launched on October 6, 1990, from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, and landed at Edwards Air Force Base, California, on October 10, 1990. During 66 orbits of the Earth, the five-man crew successfully deployed the Ulysses spacecraft, starting the interplanetary probe on its four-year journey, via Jupiter, to investigate the polar regions of the Sun; operated the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet instrument (SSBUV) to map atmospheric ozone levels; activated a controlled "fire in space" experiment (the Solid

masks: Cabana Cabana Cabana Cabana


title: Robert D. Cabana

texts:
 full-time occupation.The crew also performed IMAX Cargo Bay Camera (ICBC) operations, and deployed two satellites, Mighty Sat 1 built by the U.S. Air Force's Phillips Laboratory, and SAC-A, the first successful launch of an Argentine satellite. The mission was accomplished in 185 orbits of the Earth in 283 hours and 18 minutes. Cabana has logged over 1,010 hours in space. Organizations
 Member of the Association of Space Explorers
 Associate Fellow in the Society of Experimental Test Pilots

Awards and honors
 Defense Superior Service Medal
 Distinguished Flying Cross
 Defense Meritorious Service Medal
 Meritorious Service Medal
 National Intelligence Medal of Achievement
 NASA Distinguished Service Medal
 two NASA Outstanding Leadership Medals
 two NASA Exceptional Service Medals
 four NASA Space Flight Medals
 Recipient of The Daughters of the American Revolution Award for the top Marine to complete naval flight training (1976)
 Distinguished Graduate, U.S. Naval Test Pilot School
 De la Vaulx Medal by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (1994)
 Astronaut Hall of Fame (May 2008). Footnotes

External links

 Spacefacts biography of Cabana

 <mask> on Twitter

1949 births
Living people
United States Marine Corps astronauts
United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees
Center Directors of NASA
Military personnel from Minneapolis
United States Naval Academy alumni
United States Naval Test Pilot School alumni
United States Marine Corps colonels
United States Naval Aviators
United States Naval Flight Officers
Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal
Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal
Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Service Medal
Space Shuttle program


title: Marko Ćetković

texts:
<mask> (Cyrillic; Марко Ћeткoвић; born 10 July 1986) is a Montenegrin professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Montenegrin club FK Mornar. He also played for the Montenegrin national team. Club career

<mask> began his career with Crvena Stijena and Mladost Podgorica. When he left Mladost, he played in the Montenegrin Second League, at the time one of two third-tier leagues in Serbia and Montenegro's football pyramid. <mask> made his top-flight debut with Zeta in the 2006-07 season, the first season after Montenegro split from Serbia. After Zeta won the league, he left a strong impression in the qualifying rounds of the Champions League that season. He scored a goal against FBK Kaunas, after which he played both legs against Rangers.Although Zeta was eliminated, the Rangers' website published a post-match report recognizing <mask> as "by far and away the stand out player" of his team. Partizan
On 31 August 2007, <mask> signed a four-year contract with Serbian team Partizan. On 5 December 2007, he played in the final of the Trofeo Santiago Bernabéu in a 2–0 loss against Real Madrid, coming on as a substitute for Zoran Tošić in the 58th minute. Initially, <mask> saw more playing time under coach Miroslav Đukić, but fell out of favor with the subsequent coach, Slaviša Jokanović. After leaving Partizan in July 2008, he told a journalist that the move to Partizan was a mistake in his career. Mogren
In August 2008, <mask> signed for Mogren. At the time of <mask>'s transfer, Mogren was coached by Dejan Vukićević and had a respected generation of players from the Montenegrin national team involving the likes of Radoslav Batak, Ivan Janjušević, Petar Grbić, Janko Simović, and Draško Božović.<mask> played regularly for Mogren when they won the Montenegrin First League in 2009, and also scored the winning goal against Budućnost, the previous season's champion. Jagiellonia
In July

masks:
Marko Ćetković
Youth Ćetković
Zeta Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković


title: Marko Ćetković

texts:
 2011, he joined Polish team Jagiellonia Białystok on a three-year contract. He spent two half-seasons out on loan; first in Thailand with Buriram United F.C. and then with Podbeskidzie Bielsko-Biała. Overall, <mask> played a total of 19 league games for Jagiellonia. Budućnost
After spending two seasons in Poland, <mask> returned to his homeland and signed for Budućnost in July 2013. He started his 2013–14 season by scoring 6 goals in 27 games for Budućnost.At the end of the 2014 season, <mask> was recognized as one of the three best midfielders of Montenegrin First League that season by the Trade Union of Professional Football Players of Montenegro. Laçi
On 16 August 2014, <mask> officially signed with Albanian Superliga side Laçi on a one-year deal, taking the vacant number 20 for the upcoming 2014–15 season. It was also reported that the team's goalkeeper Miroslav Vujadinović had his part on <mask>'s transfer, convincing the player to join the team. He made his official debut with the club on 24 August in team's opening league match of the season against Partizani Tirana at home, coming on as a second-half substitute. <mask> scored his first goal of the season in the matchday 5 against Tirana, netting the opening goal of the 2–0 home win, and was selected Man of the Match. Two week later, <mask> was again in the scoresheet where he converted a penalty-kick to help Laçi conquer Vllaznia Shkodër 3–0 at home. On 21 July 2015, during the preparations for the new season, <mask> underwent surgery in his right ankle in a hospital in Zagreb that kept him out until November 2015.The constant pain in his leg had concerned him for months, and the surgery was unavoidable. Due to the surgery, <mask> missed the European campaign and the start of the season. After an impressive first season in Albanian football he was subject to interest and formal offers from Skënderbeu Korçë, Kukësi,

masks: Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković


title: Marko Ćetković

texts:
 Partizani Tirana and Tirana, but he extended his contract with KF Laçi for another year. In April 2016, <mask> scored his team's both goals in the 2015–16 Albanian Cup semi-final tie against Skënderbeu Korçë, as Laçi progressed to the final thanks to the away goal rule. However, in the final, Laçi was defeated 5–3 on penalties after the regular and extra time finished in a 1–1; <mask> himself scored his team's second penalty shootout attempt. He left the team in June. Sarajevo
On 14 June 2016, <mask> signed with Sarajevo from Bosnia and Herzegovina.On 6 August 2016 he scored a goal in a 1–1 tie against Čelik Zenica. On 10 January 2017, it was announced that he terminated his contract with Sarajevo. Partizani Tirana
On 12 January 2017, <mask> returned in Albanian Superliga by signing a six-month contract with Partizani Tirana, taking squad number 21 for the second part of 2016–17 season. He made his first appearance for the club came on 28 January in the matchday 19, starting in a 2–0 defeat at Luftëtari Gjirokastër. His first and only goal of the season would come on penultimate week of the season where Partizani defeated Korabi Peshkopi 3–0. He played 16 league matches until the end of the season as Partizani were runner-up in the Albanian Superliga, losing the championship to Kukësi for only three points. On 12 June 2017, <mask> left Partizani after deciding not to extend his contract, returning in Montenegro after 10 years.Return to Mladost Podgorica
Only one day later, <mask> returned to his birth country to sign with Mladost Podgorica, returning to the club after 12 years. Sutjeska Nikšić
On 13 June 2018 <mask> signed a one-year contract with Sutjeska Nikšić. At the end of the 2018-19 season, he was nominated as one of the three best midfielders in the league by the Trade Union of Professional Football Players of Montenegro. Mornar Bar
On 12 June 2021 Cetkovic signed a

masks: Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković Ćetković


title: Marko Ćetković

texts:
 contract with Mornar, new club in Montenegro first football league. International career

<mask>'s first international appearance was for Serbia and Montenegro U17; he debuted on 24 March 2003 against Finland for the second qualifying round of the 2004 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, which finished in a 1–1 draw. Following that, <mask> made another two appearances, scoring once in the process. <mask> continued to play for Montenegro U21, making nine appearances from when Montenegro declared independence from Serbia.Senior
On 17 November 2010, <mask> made his debut with the senior side during the friendly match against Azerbaijan, appearing in the last 15 minutes of the 2–0 home win. He made his competitive debut for Montenegro on 11 October 2011 in the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying match against Switzerland, playing full-90 minutes in a 2–0 away loss. <mask> was called up again in the senior side by its new coach Branko Brnović for the UEFA Euro 2012 qualifying play-off tie against Czech Republic. In the first leg at Generali Arena on 11 November 2011, <mask> was even in the bench with the match finishing in a 2–0 loss for <mask>'s side. In the returning leg four days later, he was on the bench but still unable to make his debut with Montenegro who was defeated 1–0 at home and was kicked out with the aggregate 3–0. On 17 November 2013, he scored his first goal for the Montenegrin national team in a friendly against Luxembourg. Personal life
His brother Đorđije is also a Montenegro international who has been capped 7 times by the national team, and his uncle is former Yugoslavia international footballer Predrag Mijatović.He once stated that he loved basketball and that he would have loved to play basketball if he were taller. Career statistics

Club

International

International goals
As of match played 14 June 2016. Montenegro score listed first, score column indicates score after

masks:
Youth Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković
Ćetković


title: Leslie Stuart

texts:
<mask> (15 March 1863 – 27 March 1928) born Thomas Augustine Barrett was an English composer of Edwardian musical comedy, best known for the hit show Florodora (1899) and many popular songs. He began in Manchester as a church organist, for 14 years, and taught music while beginning to compose church music and secular songs in the late 1870s. In the 1880s, he began to promote and conduct orchestral and vocal concerts of popular and theatre music as "Mr. T. A. Barrett's Concerts". He began to focus his composition on music hall, including songs for blackface performers, such as "Lily of Laguna"; songs for musical theatre, such as pantomimes and London shows touring through Manchester; and ballads such as "Soldiers of the King". <mask> later campaigned against the interpolation of new songs into musical theatre scores and for better enforcement of musical copyrights. In 1895, <mask> began to write songs for George Edwardes's London shows at the Gaiety Theatre and Daly's Theatre. His first full musical comedy score was Florodora in 1899.The show became an international hit, and its song "Tell me, pretty maiden", became a vaudeville standard. Other musical comedy successes followed, including The School Girl (1903), The Belle of Mayfair (1906) and Havana (1908). Of his later shows, only Peggy made much of an impact. By 1911, <mask>'s gambling debts sent him into bankruptcy. Unable to adapt to changing musical tastes, he was no longer in demand as a composer, although he had some success as a piano sketch artist in variety theatre. Life and career

Early years
<mask> was born in Southport, on the Lancashire coast. He was the younger son of Thomas Barrett, a cabinet-maker, and his wife, Mary Ann Burke, née Lester, who were both from western Ireland.He grew up in

masks:
Leslie Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart
Stuart