title: Mitt Romney

texts: campaign." (He echoed both those sentiments a year later.) <mask> began working as executive partner group chairman for Solamere Capital, a private capital firm in Boston owned by his son Tagg. He was also involved in supporting several charitable causes.The <mask>s bought a home in the Deer Valley area of Park City, Utah, and a property in Holladay, Utah, where they planned to tear down an existing house and build a new one. They also gained long-sought permission to replace their La Jolla home with a much bigger one, including a car elevator that had brought some derision during the 2012 campaign. <mask> and his siblings continued to own a cottage in a gated community called Beach O' Pines south of Grand Bend, Ontario, which has been in the family for more than 60 years. With the new acquisitions the couple briefly had five homes, near each of their five sons and their families, and the couple continued to spend considerable time with their grandchildren, who by 2013 numbered 22. They then sold the condominium in Belmont and decided to make their main residence in Utah, switching their voter registration. The 2014 documentary film Mitt showed a behind-the-scenes, family-based perspective on both of <mask>'s presidential campaigns and received positive reviews for humanizing <mask> and illustrating the toll campaigning takes. <mask> thought he might be branded a "loser for life" and fade into an obscurity like Michael Dukakis (a similar figure with no obvious base of political support who had lost what his party considered a winnable presidential election) but, to the surprise of many political observers, that did not happen.<mask> reemerged onto the political scene in the run-up to the 2014 U.S. midterm elections, endorsing, campaigning, and fundraising for a number of Republican


title: Mitt Romney

type: original

texts:
 candidates, especially those running for the U.S. Senate. <mask> was treated for prostate cancer in summer 2017. 2016 presidential election

By early 2014, the lack of a clear mainstream Republican candidate for the 2016 presidential election led some supporters, donors, and pollsters to suggest that <mask> stage a third run. Regarding such a possibility, <mask> at first responded, "Oh, no, no, no. No, no, no, no, no. No, no, no." Nevertheless, speculation continued: Obama's declining popularity led to remorse among some voters; the 2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine made <mask>'s "number one geopolitical foe" remark look prescient; and an August 2014 poll of Iowa Republicans showed <mask> with a large lead there over other potential 2016 candidates.A July 2014 CNN poll showed <mask> with a 53% to 44% lead over Obama in a hypothetical election "redo". By early 2015, <mask> was considering the idea and contacting his network of supporters. In doing so he was positioning himself in the invisible primary – the preliminary jockeying for the backing of party leaders, donors, and political operatives – against former Florida governor Jeb Bush, who had already set a likely campaign in motion and would be a rival to <mask> for establishment Republican support. Despite support in some quarters for a third bid for the presidency, there was a backlash from conservatives who wanted a fresher face without a history of presidential losses, and many of <mask>'s past donors were not willing to commit to him again. On January 30, 2015, <mask> announced that he would not run for president in 2016, saying that while he thought he could win the nomination, "one of our next generation of Republican leaders" would be better positioned to win the general election. Relationship with Donald Trump
As

masks: Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney


title: Mitt Romney

texts: the presidential election went into primary season, <mask> had not endorsed anyone but was one of the Republican establishment figures who were becoming increasingly concerned about the front-runner status of New York businessman Donald Trump. <mask> publicly criticized Trump for not releasing his taxes, saying there might be a "bombshell" in them.Trump responded by calling <mask> "one of the dumbest and worst candidates in the history of Republican politics." In a March 3, 2016, speech at the Hinckley Institute of Politics, <mask> made a scathing attack on Trump's personal behavior, business performance, and domestic and foreign policy stances. He said Trump was "a phony, a fraud ... He's playing members of the American public for suckers" and that "if we Republicans choose Donald Trump as our nominee, the prospects for a safe and prosperous future are greatly diminished." In response, Trump dismissed <mask> as a "choke artist." <mask>'s speech represented an unprecedented attack by a major U.S. party's most recent presidential nominee against the party's current front-runner for the nomination. <mask> encouraged Republicans to engage in tactical voting, by supporting whichever of the remaining rivals had the best chance to beat Trump in any given state.As such, <mask> announced he was voting for, although not endorsing, Ted Cruz for president in the March 22 Utah caucus. As the race went on, there was some evidence that tactical voting was occurring, and some partial arrangements were formed among candidates, but by May 3, Trump had defeated all his opponents and became the party's presumptive nominee. <mask> announced that he would not support Trump in the general election, saying, "I am dismayed at where we are now. I wish we had better choices." In June, <mask> said that he would not


title: Mitt Romney

texts: vote for Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton, saying: "It's a matter of personal conscience. I can't vote for either of those two people." He suggested that he might vote for a third-party candidate, or write in his wife's name, saying she would be "an ideal president."When pressed on which of Trump and Clinton was more qualified to be president, <mask> quoted P. J. O'Rourke: "Hillary Clinton is wrong on every issue, but she's wrong within the normal parameters." <mask> considered voting for the Libertarian ticket of former Republican governors Gary Johnson and Bill Weld (the latter, like <mask>, also a former governor of Massachusetts), saying that he would "get to know Gary Johnson better and see if he's someone who I could end up voting for," adding that "if Bill Weld were at the top of the ticket, it would be very easy for me to vote for Bill Weld for president." In September, he called for Johnson to be included in the presidential debates and in October it emerged that Independent candidate Evan McMullin was using an email list of 2.5 million <mask> supporters to raise money. McMullin's chief strategist said that it was purchased from <mask> for President and that "we'll let other folks discuss what that may mean and certainly never speak for [<mask>]." A spokeswoman for <mask> said that the list had been "rented by several political candidates in the presidential primary, and by countless other political and commercial users in the time since the 2012 campaign" and <mask> made no public comment on McMullin's candidacy. <mask> and his wife cast early ballots in Utah, but he declined to say who he voted for. In May 2018, <mask> revealed that he had cast a write-in vote for his wife Ann.After Trump won the election, <mask> congratulated him by phone and on Twitter. On November 19,

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title: Mitt Romney

texts:
 <mask> met with him at the Trump National Golf Club in Bedminster, New Jersey, reportedly to discuss the position of Secretary of State, which ultimately went to Rex Tillerson. In February 2017, <mask> said that Trump was "off to a very strong start" in fulfilling his campaign promises, although he had "no regrets" about his anti-Trump speech. The next year, Trump endorsed <mask>'s 2018 senate campaign. U.S. Senate

Elections

2018

September and October 2017 press reports said that should U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch retire, <mask> would run for that seat in 2018. On January 2, 2018, after Hatch announced that he would retire, <mask> changed his Twitter location from Massachusetts to Holladay, Utah, contributing to speculation that he was considering a run for Senate.On February 16, 2018, <mask> formally launched his campaign with a video message posted on Facebook and Twitter. At the state Republican nominating convention held on April 21, 2018, <mask> received 1,585 delegate votes (49.12%), finishing narrowly second to State Representative Mike Kennedy, with 1,642 delegate votes (50.88%). Since neither <mask> nor Kennedy garnered 60% of delegate votes to claim the endorsement, the two candidates competed in a June 26 primary election. In the primary, <mask> defeated Kennedy, 71.7%–28.3%. <mask> was elected U.S. Senator from Utah on November 6, winning 62.6% to 30.9% over Democratic nominee Jenny Wilson. The other 6.5% of the vote went to nominees of the Constitution, Libertarian, and Independent American parties.With his election, <mask> became the third person to have served as governor of one state and senator from another state. (The other two were William W. Bibb, who served as a U.S. senator from Georgia and then the first governor of Alabama, and Sam Houston, who was the sixth


title: Mitt Romney

texts:
 governor of Tennessee before becoming a U.S. Senator from Texas.) Tenure

Shortly before assuming office, <mask> wrote a Washington Post editorial strongly criticizing Trump's character. Ronna McDaniel, <mask>'s niece and the chair of the Republican National Committee, called his comments "disappointing and unproductive," while Trump wrote that he "[w]ould much prefer that <mask> focus on Border Security and so many other things where he can be helpful." By November 9, 2019, <mask> was just one of three Republican senators, along with Susan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, who declined to co-sponsor a resolution opposing the impeachment inquiry process into Trump. He was one of two Republicans (with Collins) who joined all Democrats voting to allow impeachment witnesses.<mask> condemned the 2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings, saying: "As we celebrate the miracle of Easter, we hold in our hearts the victims of the senseless violence in Sri Lanka and their loved ones." First impeachment of Donald Trump (2019–2020)

On February 5, 2020, after <mask> read a prepared text on the Senate floor decrying "corrupting an election to keep oneself in office" as "perhaps the most abusive and destructive violation of one's oath of office that I can imagine," he broke ranks with the Republican majority as the sole Republican senator to vote to convict Trump in his first impeachment trial, thereby becoming, according to press reports, the first U.S. senator in United States history to vote to convict a president of the same political party. <mask> voted in favor of the first of the two articles of impeachment, which charged Trump with abuse of power, but against convicting him on obstruction of Congress. He was the only Republican in the Senate to vote for any of the articles. Fallout from the

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title: Mitt Romney

texts:
 vote included <mask>'s being formally censured by various Republican organizations outside of Utah; in comparison, anger against <mask> among Republicans within Utah was more muted, and his impeachment vote, according to opinion polling, was supported by Utah Democrats. Jason Perry, director of the University of Utah's Hinckley Institute of Politics, said, "Democrats in Utah were more excited about <mask> <mask>’s vote than [Utah] Republicans were disappointed." Republicans for the Rule of Law ran various ads thanking <mask>.<mask> was praised by many for voting not by his party allegiances, but by his belief about whether Trump abused his power. March with Black Lives Matter
On June 7, 2020, in response to the murder of George Floyd and the worldwide protests against police brutality, <mask> became the first Republican senator to participate in a protest alongside Black Lives Matter. He said, "We need many voices against racism and against brutality, and we need to make sure that people understand that Black Lives Matter." This act drew praise and admiration from the left and right, with some Republicans questioning why other congressional Republicans weren't showing support for the movement. On Twitter, Senator Kamala Harris praised <mask>'s actions, saying, "We need more of this." Trump attacked <mask>, saying, "Tremendous sincerity, what a guy. Hard to believe, with this kind of political talent, his numbers would 'tank' so badly in Utah!"2020 presidential election

<mask> did not endorse Trump's 2020 reelection campaign and told reporters that he did not vote for him. In a Washington Post op-ed, <mask> wrote that Trump "has not risen to the mantle of the office." After the victory of Joe Biden and his running mate, Kamala Harris, <mask> was the first Republican senator to extend his

masks: Romney Romney Mitt Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney Romney


title: Mitt Romney

texts:
 congratulations to them. 2021 storming of the U.S. Capitol

On the morning of January 5, 2021, <mask> was heckled and harassed at the airport on his way to Washington D.C. to certify Joe Biden's election win in the Senate. He was attacked by Trump supporters for not backing Trump's unverified conspiracy theories regarding inconsistencies in the election. On the morning of January 6, protesters assembled at the "Save America" rally on the Ellipse, where Trump, Donald Trump Jr., Rudy Giuliani, and several members of Congress addressed the crowd fueling the conspiracy theories about election fraud. Trump said, "We will never give up, we will never concede.You don't concede when there's theft," and encouraged his supporters to "fight like hell" to "take back our country" and to march to the Capitol. Later that day, while the Senate was in session certifying the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count within the United States Capitol, hundreds of Trump supporters violently stormed the capitol, where they looted senators' offices and broke into the chamber of the United States Senate. Police evacuated the senators and Vice President Mike Pence to an undisclosed area. As they were evacuating <mask>, he yelled at Ted Cruz and other Republican congressmen, "This is what you’ve gotten, guys!" According to New York Times reporter Jonathan Martin, <mask> told him with "fury in his voice," "This is what the president has caused today, this insurrection." <mask> fully rebuked Trump, and condemned the actions of the domestic terrorists. <mask> stated on the Senate floor later that night, when Congress had reconvened:

Second impeachment of Donald Trump (2021)

On January 13, 2021, the House voted to impeach Trump a second time for incitement of insurrection.On January 26, Republican Senator Rand

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title: Mitt Romney

texts:
 Paul of Kentucky introduced a motion to dismiss the impeachment charge. The objection was defeated on a 55–45 vote; <mask> was one of the five Republicans to vote against it, along with Susan Collins, Lisa Murkowski, Ben Sasse and Pat Toomey. On February 10, 2021, new video was released during the Trump's second impeachment trial, which showed capitol police officer Eugene Goodman saving <mask> from running into the Capitol rioters. During a break in the hearing, <mask> said, "It was very troubling seeing the great violence the capitol police were subjected to. It tears at your heart and brings tears to your eyes. It was overwhelmingly distressing and emotional." <mask> also stated he didn't know how close he was and he didn't know it was Goodman who diverted him away from the rioters but he looked forward to thanking Goodman.On February 13, 2021, <mask> and five other Republican senators voted to allow other witnesses in the impeachment trial. Republican Senator and Trump ally Ron Johnson, who was "visibly upset," got in a heated exchange with <mask> for his vote, saying, "We never should've had this impeachment trial." Later that day <mask> voted to convict Trump for the second time along with six of his Republican colleagues. The final vote was 57 to convict and 43 to acquit. He wrote a statement that read in part:

Commission to investigate attack on Capitol
On May 27, 2021, along with five other Republicans and all present Democrats, <mask> voted to establish a bipartisan commission to investigate the January 6 storming of the U.S. Capitol. The vote failed for lack of 60 required "yes" votes. Committee assignments

Current
 Committee on Foreign Relations
Subcommittee on East Asia, the Pacific and International Cybersecurity Policy (Ranking Member)
Subcommittee on Europe and Regional

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title: Mitt Romney

texts:
 Security Cooperation
 Subcommittee on Near East, South Asia, Central Asia and Counterterrorism
 Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
 Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Spending Oversight
 Subcommittee on Governmental Operations and Border Management
 Committee on Budget (2021–present)
 Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions
 Subcommittee on Children and Families
 Subcommittee on Employment and Workplace Safety
Source:

Previous
 Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship (2019–2021)

Political positions

In addition to calling for cuts in federal government spending to help reduce the national debt, <mask> proposed measures intended to limit the growth of entitlement programs, such as introducing means testing and gradually raising the eligibility ages for receipt of Social Security and Medicare.He supported substantial increases in military spending and promised to invest more heavily in military weapons programs while increasing the number of active-duty military personnel. He was very supportive of the directions taken by the budget proposals of Paul Ryan, though he later proposed his own budget plan. <mask> pledged to lead an effort to repeal the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare") and replace it with a system that gives states more control over Medicaid and makes health insurance premiums tax-advantaged for individuals in the same way they are for businesses. He favored repeal of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the Sarbanes–Oxley Act and intended to replace them with what he called a "streamlined, modern regulatory framework." He also promised to seek income tax law changes that he said would help to lower federal deficits and would stimulate economic growth. These included reducing

masks: Romney Romney


title: Mitt Romney

texts: individual income tax rates across the board by 20%, maintaining the Bush administration-era tax rate of 15% on investment income from dividends and capital gains (and eliminating this tax entirely for those with annual incomes less than $200,000), cutting the top tax rate on corporations from 35% to 25%, and eliminating the estate tax and the Alternative Minimum Tax. He promised that the loss of government revenue from these tax cuts would be offset by closing loopholes and placing limits on tax deductions and credits available to taxpayers with the highest incomes, but said that that aspect of the plan could not yet be evaluated because details would have to be worked out with Congress.<mask> opposed the use of mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions to deal with global warming. He stated that he believed climate change is occurring, but that he did not know how much of it could be linked to human activity. He was a proponent of increased domestic oil drilling, hydraulic fracturing ("fracking"), building more nuclear power plants, and reducing the regulatory authority of the Environmental Protection Agency. He believed North American energy independence could be achieved by 2020. <mask> called Russia America's "number one geopolitical foe", a position many ridiculed him for, including former Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, who later publicly apologized to him. He has asserted that preventing Iran from obtaining nuclear capability should be America's "highest national security priority." <mask> stated his strong support for Israel.He planned to formally label China a currency manipulator and take associated counteractions unless China changed its trade practices. <mask> supported the Patriot Act, the continued operation of the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, and use of

masks: Romney Romney Romney Romney


title: Mitt Romney

texts: enhanced interrogation techniques against suspected terrorists. He described same-sex marriage as a "state issue" while running for Senate in 1994 and opposed a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage in 2002. <mask> opposed same-sex marriage and civil unions, but favored domestic partnership legislation that gives certain legal rights to same-sex couples, such as hospital visitation. In 2011, he signed a pledge promising to seek passage of an amendment to the U.S. Constitution to define marriage as the union of one man and one woman. Since 2005, <mask> described himself as "pro-life." That year, he wrote: "I believe that abortion is the wrong choice except in cases of incest, rape, and to save the life of the mother."During his 1994 Senate campaign, <mask> had said, "I believe that abortion should be safe and legal in this country", a stance he reiterated during his 2002 campaign for governor. While <mask> would prefer to see passage of a constitutional amendment that would outlaw abortion, he did not believe the public would support such an amendment; as an alternative, he promised to nominate Supreme Court justices who would help overturn Roe v. Wade, allowing each state to decide on the legality of abortion. His earlier pro-abortion rights stance in particular and support for some gay rights and gun restrictions as governor of Massachusetts earned him the criticism of some conservatives; the conservative magazine Human Events labeled him one of the top ten RINOs in 2005. <mask> said he would appoint federal judges in the mold of U.S. Supreme Court justices John Roberts, Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, and Samuel Alito. He advocated judicial restraint and strict constructionism as judicial philosophies. <mask> declared his support for the Black Lives Matter international human rights

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title: Mitt Romney

texts:
 movement by attending the rally, and then joining the Faith Works march, on June 7, 2020, from southeast Washington, past the Trump International Hotel, and Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool, over the murder of George Floyd. In July 2020, <mask>, along with Pat Toomey, was one of two Republican U.S.Senators who condemned Trump's decision to commute the sentence of Roger Stone, which <mask> described as “Unprecedented, historic corruption: an American president commutes the sentence of a person convicted by a jury of lying to shield that very president.”

Social media
In the October 2019 issue of The Atlantic, <mask> revealed that he used a secret Twitter account to keep tabs on the political conversation, saying, "What do they call me, a lurker?" Shortly thereafter, Slate found a Twitter account with the name Pierre Delecto. The account was registered in July 2011, followed about 700 people and had eight followers at the time it was discovered. It had tweeted 10 times in total, and always in reply to other tweets. <mask> later confirmed that the account belongs to him. Electoral history

U.S. senator from Massachusetts

Governor of Massachusetts

2012 Republican nominee for President of the United States

U.S. Senator from Utah

Awards and honors

Honorary degrees

Non-Academic Awards and Honors

People magazine included <mask> in its 50 Most Beautiful People list for 2002, and in 2004, a foundation that promotes the Olympic truce gave him its inaugural Truce Ideal Award.The Cranbrook School gave him its Distinguished Alumni Award in 2005. In 2008, he shared with his wife Ann the Canterbury Medal from The Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, for "refus[ing] to compromise their principles and faith" during the presidential campaign. In 2012, Time magazine included <mask> in their List of The


title: B. F. Gribble

texts:
<mask> (10 May 1872 – 21 February 1962) was a prolific British marine artist and illustrator. Life and works

<mask> was born in Chelsea in 1872. His father Herbert A. K<mask> ARIBA was an architect known for his design of the Brompton Oratory. <mask> was set to follow in his father's footsteps but instead elected to become a full-time painter in oils and watercolours. He was educated at the College of St Francis Saviour, Bruges, Belgium; South Kensington Art School; and under Albert Toft. He married Eleanor Mabel Clunn (nicknamed "Nellie"). They settled in Poole, Dorset, sometime between 1915 and 1924 (or perhaps in the 1930s), living at 3 Springfield Crescent, Parkstone.He became a member — along with Henry Lamb and Augustus John — of the Poole and East Dorset Art Society. Although his work included landscapes of Poole and portraits, <mask> was best known as a painter of historical (and often romanticised) maritime scenes. It was once suggested that he had painted "almost every historic event that took place on water, from the landing of William the Conqueror to the Scuttling of the German fleet in Scapa Flow in 1919". Spanish galleons and treasure vessels are well represented in his work, and one critic described him as a "specialist in burning ships". Others compared his paintings to the fine marine vistas of the late 19th-century seascape artist, Henry Moore, acknowledging <mask>'s skill in the accurate portrayal of costume and technical detail and his ability to convey an authentic period atmosphere. (1)

In his preparatory sketches of ships, <mask>

masks:
Bernard Finegan Gribble
Gribble
. Gribble
Gribble
Gribble
Gribble
Gribble


title: B. F. Gribble

texts:
 made notes on the precise structure and names of sails, masts, and rigging. He had studied the movement of water closely, and made highly technical analyses of the construction of rigging and sails to a level where it naturally informed his naval subjects.He also paid close attention to the detail of costume. The evident quality of <mask>'s marine pictures lies in the artist's mastery of the oil painting medium adapted to a profound understanding of his chosen subject. (2)

<mask> exhibited regularly at the Royal Academy and the Paris Salon, and his paintings were widely sought after. <mask>. Roosevelt was one of many celebrity owners of Gribble paintings. He purchased a painting showing the arrival of American destroyers at Queenstown in Ireland, during World War I. It hung in the Oval Office of the White House when Roosevelt became United States President in 1933. The President reputedly suggested the painting's name —The Return of the Mayflower — to the artist.Roosevelt also purchased Surrender of the German Fleet to the Grand Fleet at Scapa Flow. <mask> had been one of the few civilian witnesses to this event in 1918; in his capacity as Official Maritime Painter to the Shipwrights' Company. Both works are believed to have been painted in 1919. (3)

Other notable purchasers of Gribble paintings included Queen Mary, the German Kaiser, and Jackie Onassis. The Kaiser was so impressed by <mask>'s work that King George V summoned the artist to a royal residence to meet him. <mask> was in demand as an illustrator, and his work appeared in many leading magazines,

masks:
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Gribble
Franklin D
Gribble
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Gribble


title: B. F. Gribble

texts:
 including The Illustrated London News and The Graphic. He illustrated numerous books and other items, including royal postcards and chocolate boxes.After his death in 1962, his widow donated many of his works to Poole Museum, which now possesses the world's largest collection of Gribbles. The collection numbers 250 paintings, drawings, prints and photographs. Typical paintings in the Poole collection are The Plague Ship, The Whelp of the Black Rover and The Return of the Argosy Galleons, but there are also some local topographical works such as depictions of the Guildhall, the Custom House, views of the Quay and harbour, a portrait of former Mayor of Poole, Herbert Carter, in civic regalia, and one of a woman believed to be <mask>'s wife Nellie. Although <mask>'s work has been out of fashion for some decades, Poole Museum has taken the opportunity provided by the First World War Centenary to reassess <mask>'s art by staging an exhibition of his marine paintings, based on its collection and focusing on his war paintings. Part of the national centenary programme led by Imperial War Museums, the exhibition also includes loans from private and public collections, including the National Maritime Museum, and the highlight of these is a painting of the scuttling of the German Fleet at Scapa Flow, of which <mask> was an eye witness, from the Harris Museum and Art Gallery, Preston. The exhibition, titled Painting Drama at Sea, continued until February 2014. Personal life and burial
<mask> is buried with his wife in Parkstone Cemetery, Poole, Dorset.They had no

masks: Gribble Gribble Gribble Gribble Gribble


title: John Mark Ainsley

texts:
<mask>  (born 9 July 1963) is an English lyric tenor. Known for his supple voice, <mask> is particularly admired for his interpretations of baroque music and the works of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. In the course of his career, he has gravitated towards 20th-century music, singing in operas by Henze, Janáček, and Britten. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Crewe, Cheshire, the son of an Anglican priest and a teacher. He spent most of his childhood in Worcester and was educated at the Royal Grammar School Worcester (singing in the Worcester Cathedral Voluntary Choir), and Magdalen College, Oxford. He studied privately with <mask> for five years and went to sing as a lay clerk at Christ Church. He later spent some time in Chicago where he studied with Diane Forlano, who remains his teacher to this day.Career
<mask> made his official solo debut in 1987 when he sang in Stravinsky's Mass under Simon Rattle. After further engagements with Gothic Voices and other groups he made his professional opera debut in 1988 as Armindo in Scarlatti's Gli equivoci nel sembiante at Innsbruck's Early Music Festival. This was followed by his debut with English National Opera the following year as Eurimaco in Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria, and his United States debut in 1990 in a series of concerts in Boston and New York. He has subsequently performed all around the world in operas and concerts. In 1992 he made his debut with the Berlin Philharmonic under Haitink and created the tenor part in the world premiere of <mask>'s We shall see Him as He is. The following year he made his debut in the Vienna Musikverein, singing the Evangelist in Bach's

masks:
John Mark Ainsley
Ainsley
Ainsley
Anthony Rolfe Johnson
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John Taer


title: John Mark Ainsley

texts: St Matthew Passion and tenor solos in the St John Passion under Peter Schreier. Other notable concert appearances include performances with the London Philharmonic under Roger Norrington, the London Symphony under Sir Colin Davis, Mstislav Rostropovich and André Previn, Les Musiciens du Louvre under Marc Minkowski, the Cleveland Orchestra under Franz Welser-Möst, the New York Philharmonic under Kurt Masur, the Boston Symphony under Seiji Ozawa, the San Francisco Symphony under Jeffrey Tate, the Vienna Philharmonic under Trevor Pinnock, the Academy of St Martin in the Fields under Neville Marriner, and both the Orchestra of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino and the Orchestre de Paris under Carlo Maria Giulini among many others.His opera appearances include the role of Idamantes in Idomeneo with Welsh National Opera, the title role in La clemenza di Tito with Opera Australia, Fenton in Falstaff with Scottish Opera, the title role in Monteverdi's Orfeo with Netherlands Opera, and Don Ottavio in Don Giovanni at numerous houses and festivals including Covent Garden and the San Francisco Opera and both the Aix-en-Provence and Glyndebourne festivals. Other roles have included Lensky in Eugene Onegin, Lysander in Britten's A Midsummer Night's Dream, David in Carl Nielsen's Saul og David, and Jupiter in Semele, the latter of which he performed to acclaim at the English National Opera in 1999. At the 2003 Salzburg Festival, he created the role of 'Der Daemon' in the world premiere of Hans Werner Henze's L'Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe, which he later reprised at the Teatro Real in Madrid. More recently, <mask> has sung the roles of


title: John Mark Ainsley

texts:
 Soliman in Zaide and Belfiore in La finta giardiniera at the Salzburg Festival (2006), The Madwoman in Britten's Curlew River with Oper Frankfurt (2006), Pelléas in Pelléas et Mélisande with the Deutsche Oper Berlin (2006), Skuratov in Janáček's From the House of the Dead with both the Amsterdam and Vienna Festivals (2007), Hippolyt in the world premiere of Henze's Phaedra with the Berlin State Opera (2007) and La Monnaie (2007), Vere in Billy Budd with Oper Frankfurt (2007), Chevalier de la Force in Dialogues des Carmelites with the Hamburg State Opera (2008), and both Bajazete in Tamerlano and the title role in Idomeneo  with the Bavarian State Opera (2008). Ainsley sung the role of Emilio in Partenope with the English National Opera in the autumn of 2008 and returned for performances at the Bavarian State Opera and Berlin State Opera in 2009. In 2010 his performance in the role of Captain Vere in Billy Budd was filmed by the Glyndebourne Festival for release in August 2010, and is streaming on Medici.tv. Awards
He was awarded the Munich Festival Prize for his performance as Orfeo, and in 2007 won the 2007 Royal Philharmonic Society Singer Award.He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2020 Birthday Honours for services to music. Personal life
In 2007 <mask> entered into a civil partnership with organist William Whitehead. <mask> was diagnosed with leukaemia in 2016, and took the decision to retire from public performance, although he continues to work in music education. Recordings
<mask> has made numerous recordings that range from Monteverdi to Britten. He regularly appears on radio and in

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title: John Mark Ainsley

texts:
 the BBC Proms. Amongst other recordings are Rameau's Dardanus, Monteverdi's L'Orfeo (he is generally regarded as the world authority on this character's role), Britten's Serenade for tenor, horn and strings, the role of Frederic in the Sir Charles Mackerras recording of The Pirates of Penzance and lieder by Mozart, Beethoven and Schumann. <mask> has also become particularly associated with Handel's music and has recorded over ten of his oratorios including Jephtha, La Resurrezione, Messiah, Joshua and Saul.He has also recorded numerous English and French songs including works by Ralph Vaughan Williams, Peter Warlock, Herbert Howells, Gerald Finzi and Gabriel Fauré among others. References

Sources
 James Jolly: "John Mark Ainsley", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 3 October 2008), (subscription access)
 AINSLEY, John Mark International Who's Who. accessed 1 September 2006. External links

 <mask> Ainsley Operabase

1963 births
Living people
People from Crewe
Musicians from Cheshire
English operatic tenors
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at the Royal Grammar School Worcester
20th-century British male  opera singers
21st-century British male  opera

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Ainsley
John Mark


title: Albert Taylor Bledsoe

texts:
<mask> (November 9, 1809 – December 8, 1877) was an American Episcopal priest, attorney, professor of mathematics, and officer in the Confederate army and was best known as a staunch defender of slavery and, after the South lost the American Civil War, an architect of the Lost Cause. He was the author of Liberty and Slavery (1856), "the most extensive philosophical treatment of slavery ever produced by a Southern academic", which defended slavery laws as ensuring proper societal order. Early life and education
<mask> was born on November 9, 1809, in Frankfort, Kentucky, the oldest of five children of <mask> and <mask> (who was a relative of President <mask>). He was a cadet at the United States Military Academy at West Point from 1825 to 1830, where he was a fellow cadet of Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee. After serving two years in the United States Army, he studied law and theology at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, and received his M.A. and LL.M. In 1836. he married Harriet Coxe of Burlington NJ, and they had seven children, four of whom survived childhood.His daughter was the author <mask> Herrick. College professor and mathematician
 Adjunct Professor of Mathematics and French, Kenyon College, (OH) 1833–1834. Professor of Mathematics, Miami University (OH), 1834–1835. Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy, University of Mississippi, 1848–1854. Professor of Mathematics, University of Virginia, 1854–1861. Bledsoe in his lectures at the University of Virginia would frequently "interlard his demonstration of some difficult problem in

masks:
Albert Taylor Bledsoe
Bledsoe
Moses Owsley Bledsoe
Sophia Childress Taylor
Zachary Taylor
Sophia Bledsoe


title: Albert Taylor Bledsoe

texts:
 and later became Acting Assistant Secretary of War. In 1863 he was sent to London for the purpose of researching various historical problems relating to the North-South conflict, as well as guiding British public opinion in favor of the Confederate cause. Southern apologist
In 1868 he moved back to the United States and published the Southern Review. He was the "epitome of an unreconstructed Southerner" and published articles defending slavery and secession.Death
<mask> died on December 8, 1877 in Alexandria, Virginia. Writings
 Examination of Edwards on the Will (1845). A Theodicy, or Vindication of the Divine Glory (1853). Essay on Liberty and Slavery (1856). Is Davis a Traitor? or Was Secession a Constitutional Right previous to the War of 1861? (1866).The Philosophy of Mathematics, with Special Reference to the Elements of Geometry and the Infinitesimal Method (1868). References

Further reading

 Barnhart, Terry A. (2011). <mask> Bledsoe: Defender of the Old South and Architect of the Lost Cause. Louisiana State University Press (the standard scholarly biography). Freeman, Douglas Southall (1939) The South to Posterity: An Introduction to the Writing of Confederate History. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.Herrick, Sophia Bledsoe (1907). "<mask> Bledsoe (1809–1877)." In: Library of Southern Literature, ed. Edwin Andersen Alderman and Joel Chandler Harris, Vol. I. New Orleans/Atlanta/Dallas: The Martin and Hoyt Company, pp. 395–399.Hubbell, Jay B. (1954). The South in American Literature, 1607–1900. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

masks:
Bledsoe
Albert Taylor
Albert Taylor


title: Albert Taylor Bledsoe

texts:
 McCorkle, William P. (1891). "Bledsoe's Theory of Moral Freedom," The Presbyterian Quarterly, Vol. V, pp.229–242. Steel, Samuel Augustus (1925). "<mask> Bledsoe." In: Eminent Men I Met Along the Sunny Road. Nashville: Cokesbury Press, pp. 30–55. Tillett, Wilbur F. (1893)."<mask> <mask>," The Methodist Review, Vol. XIV, No. 2, pp. 219–242. Weaver, R. M. (1944). "<mask> <mask>," The Sewanee Review, Vol. LII, No.1, pp. 34–45. Woodworth, Stephen E. (1999). "Bledsoe, <mask>." In: American National Biography, Vol. III, pp. 11–12.External links

 The Southern Review, at Hathi Trust
Biography of <mask> Bledsoe at Answers.com
Biography of <mask> <mask> at the University of Virginia
Biography of <mask> Bledsoe from the Encyclopedia of World Biography
Biography on <mask> <mask> from the Kentucky Historical Society
Fact sheet on <mask> Bledsoe from the United States Military Academy
Entry on Bledsoe, <mask> at the New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge

1809 births
1877 deaths
People from Frankfort, Kentucky
Kenyon College alumni
Confederate States Army officers
Illinois lawyers
American magazine publishers (people)
United States Army officers
United States Military Academy alumni
American proslavery activists
Kenyon College faculty
19th-century American mathematicians
Miami University faculty
University of Mississippi faculty
University of Virginia faculty
19th-century American Episcopalians
American Methodist clergy
Lost Cause of the Confederacy
American Episcopal clergy
19th-century American lawyers
19th-century Methodists
19th-century

masks:
Albert Taylor
Albert Taylor
Bledsoe
Albert Taylor
Bledsoe
Albert Taylor
Albert Taylor
Albert Taylor
Bledsoe
Albert Taylor
Albert Taylor
Bledsoe
Albert Taylor
Albert Taylor


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts:
<mask> (December 19, 1925 – March 6, 2012) was an American songwriter, best known for his work in musical films with his brother, Richard M<mask>. The <mask> brothers produced more motion picture song scores than any other songwriting team in film history. Some of their songs were incorporated into live action and animation musical films including Mary Poppins, The Happiest Millionaire, The Jungle Book, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, The Slipper and the Rose, and Charlotte's Web. Their best-known work is "It's a Small World (After All)," possibly the most performed song (in public) in history. Early life
<mask> was born on December 19, 1925, in New York City, to Russian Jewish immigrants, Rosa (Dancis) and <mask>. <mask>, a songwriter, paid for his son's hospital delivery costs with a royalty check that arrived that day for the song "Save Your Sorrow". His brother and songwriting partner, Richard, was born in 1928.<mask>'s father was a well-known Tin Pan Alley songwriter. In his youth, <mask> excelled in violin, piano, painting and poetry. Following seven years of cross-country moves, the <mask>s settled down in Beverly Hills, California. Some of the primary schools <mask> attended in Manhattan included PS 241 and the Ethical Culture Fieldston School, and in California, the El Rodeo School. At Beverly Hills High School, <mask> wrote and produced radio and stage programs for which he won much acclaim. At age 16, <mask> wrote Armistice and Dedication Day, a stage play showing how American life was changed following the December 7, 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor. The play yielded thousands of dollars for war bonds and earned a special citation from the War Department.World War II
In 1943, <mask> obtained permission from his parents to join the army at age 17. <mask> was awarded the Purple Heart medal after being shot in the knee on April 12, 1945, an injury which forced

masks:
Robert Bernard Sherman
. Sherman
Sherman
Robert Bernard Sherman
Al Sherman
Al Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts:
 him to walk with a cane for the rest of his life. on April 29, 1945, <mask> was among the first soldiers who entered the Dachau concentration camp. Other medals received by <mask> for service in the war were the Combat Infantryman Badge, two Battle Stars for his European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal, an American Campaign Medal, a World War II Victory Medal, and a Good Conduct Medal, and several Army Weapons Qualifications badges. While recuperating from his knee injury in Taunton and Bournemouth in England, <mask> became familiar with the United Kingdom and its culture. Awards and decorations
During World War II <mask><mask> received these awards:

Education
Upon his return to the United States, <mask> attended Bard College in upstate New York where he majored in English literature and painting. <mask> served as editor-in-chief of Bard College’s campus newspaper, The Bardian.At Bard, <mask> completed his first two novels, The Best Estate and Music, Candy and Painted Eggs. He graduated in 1949. On May 12, 1990, <mask> received an honorary doctorate from Lincoln College. Songwriting career
<mask> and his brother, Richard, began writing songs together on a challenge from their father, <mask>, who was a Tin Pan Alley songwriter ("No! No! A Thousand Times No!! ", "You Gotta Be a Football Hero").In 1958, <mask> founded the music publishing company, Music World Corporation, which later worked with Disney's BMI publishing arm, Wonderland Music Company. That same year, the <mask> brothers had their first Top 10 hit with "Tall Paul", sung by Annette Funicello. The success of this song attracted the attention of Walt Disney, who hired the <mask> Brothers as staff songwriters for Walt Disney Studios. While at Disney, the <mask> Brothers wrote their most-recognized song, "It's a Small World (After All)" for the 1964 New York World's Fair. In 1965, the <mask> brothers won two Academy Awards for Mary

masks:
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Robert B
. Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Al Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts: Poppins, Best Original Score and Best Original Song, "Chim Chim Cher-ee". Since Mary Poppins premiere, <mask> earned nine Academy Award nominations, two Grammy Awards, four Grammy Award nominations and 23 gold and platinum albums. <mask> and <mask> worked for Walt Disney until Disney's death in 1966.After leaving the company, the brothers worked freelance as songwriters on scores of motion pictures, television shows, theme park exhibits and stage musicals. Their first non-Disney assignment was in 1968 in Albert R<mask>'s motion picture Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, which garnered the brothers their third Academy Award nomination. In 1973, the <mask> brothers made history by becoming the only Americans ever to win first prize at the Moscow Film Festival for Tom Sawyer, for which they authored the screenplay. In 1976, The Slipper and the Rose was picked to be the Royal Command Performance of the year, attended by Queen Elizabeth. A musical adaptation of Cinderella, The Slipper and the Rose features both song, score and screenplay by the <mask> brothers. That same year the <mask> brothers received a star on the Hollywood "Walk of Fame" across from Grauman's Chinese Theater. Other box office film credits for the <mask> brothers include The Jungle Book (1967), The Aristocats (1970), The Parent Trap (1961), The Parent Trap (1998), Charlotte's Web (1973), The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (1977), Snoopy, Come Home (1972), Bedknobs and Broomsticks (1971) and Little Nemo: Adventures In Slumberland (1992).In 1974, the <mask> brothers’ Tony-nominated Over Here! (1974) was the highest-grossing original Broadway musical of that year. The <mask> brothers wrote popular songs, including "You're Sixteen", which reached Billboard's Top 10 twice, with <mask>e in 1960 and with Ringo Starr 14 years later, "Pineapple Princess" and "Let's Get Together". In 2000, the <mask> brothers wrote the score for Disney's

masks:
Sherman
Robert
Richard Sherman
. Broccoli
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Johnny Burnett
Sherman


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts:
 blockbuster film The Tigger Movie, their first major motion picture for Disney in more than 28 years. In 2002, the stage musical Chitty Chitty Bang Bang became the most successful stage show produced at the London Palladium. In 2005, it premiered on Broadway at the Foxwoods Theatre (then the Hilton Theatre). The <mask> brothers wrote an additional six songs for the new stage productions.In 2002, <mask> moved from Beverly Hills to London, England, where he continued to write and paint. In 2003, four <mask> brothers' musicals ranked in the "Top 10 Favorite Children's Films of All Time" in a British poll reported by the BBC. The Jungle Book (1967) ranked at No. 7, Mary Poppins (1964) ranked at No. 8, The Aristocats (1970) ranked at No. 9 and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (1968) ranked at No. 1.A Disney and Cameron Mackintosh production of Mary Poppins: The Stage Musical that premiered at the Prince Edward Theatre in December 2004 featured the <mask> brothers’ classic songs. In June 2005, <mask> was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame with his brother, Richard. Also in June 2005, a tribute was paid to <mask> at the Théâtre de Vevey in Vevey, Switzerland by the Ballet Romand. In 2006, Mary Poppins opened on Broadway and embarked on a world tour beginning in Göteborg, Sweden in 2008. Chitty Chitty Bang Bang embarked on a tour of 29 cities in the U.S., ending in 2009. Personal life

Marriage and family
<mask> married Joyce Ruth Sasner in 1953. Their first child, Laurie (b.1955) was followed by Jeffrey (b. 1957), Andrea (1960-2019) and <mask> (b. 1968). with five grandchildren: Joshua Kirshbaum (1990), <mask> (1991), Amelia and Sarah Kirshbaum (1993) and <mask> (1995). After <mask>'s 2002 relocation to London, he and his brother, Richard, continued to collaborate on various musical plays, as well as a feature, animated, film musicals which incorporates their original story, song score and screenplay.

masks:
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Robert
Alex Sherman
Ryan Sherman
Sherman


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts:
 The brothers traveled between Los Angeles, New York and London to facilitate their work. <mask> died in London on March 6, 2012.His wife preceded him in death by 11 years. A public memorial service and funeral was held for <mask> on March 9, 2012, at Hillside Memorial Park and Mortuary in Culver City. Painting and other artistry

A lesser-known aspect of <mask>'s life was his painting which he had done since 1941 and kept private, except from his family and friends, until 2002. <mask> studied painting while attending Bard College, receiving a double degree in both Painting and English Literature. <mask> worked in various visual arts media, including clay and metal sculpture, but his focus was oil painting throughout the 1940s-1960s, when he switched to acrylics. In April 2002, an exhibition of <mask>'s paintings was held in London, England, at Thompsons' Gallery on Marylebone High Street. This marked the first public exhibition of his paintings since he started painting in 1941.<mask> exhibited his paintings in Florida and California. A series of Limited Edition Giclées of <mask>'s art were published on canvas and paper. <mask>'s paintings which have appeared at the various exhibitions include: "On Route 9G" (c. 1949), "Self Portrait" (1970), "San Francisco (1970)", "Moses" (1977), "Carousel In The Country" (1982), "From the Dining Room (1982)", "Sacrifice" (1983), "Florid Window" (1984), "Geisha (1986)", "Fine Four Fendered Friend (2002)" and "Park Lane" (2003). On March 4, 2007, <mask> and his son, Robbie, donated limited edition prints of "Moses" and "Sacrifice" to the Giffnock Synagogue in Glasgow, Scotland. <mask> worked in metal sculpture, wrote poetry and short stories from an early age. Later life achievements, autobiography, honors, tributes

 In 2000, the Sherman Brothers wrote the award-winning score to The Tigger Movie which achieved number one status in both theatrical box office and

masks: Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman Sherman


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts: video sales. The Sherman Brothers' classic motion picture, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, was adapted into a London West End Musical in 2002 and premiered at the London Palladium on April 16, 2002, featuring many new songs and a reworked score by both Sherman Brothers.It was nominated for a 2003 Laurence Olivier Theatre Award for Best New Musical. The Sherman Brothers each received the "Musical Theatre Award" from the Variety Club of Great Britain that year as well for Chitty. Chitty finished a record breaking, three and a half year run at the Palladium becoming the longest running show in the theatre's century long history. 2004 saw the premiere of Mary Poppins on the stage. In 2005, Poppins was nominated for nine Olivier Awards. In 2005 Chitty went to Broadway and was nominated for 9 Tonys and also began its nationwide (UK) tour. On June 9, 2005, <mask> was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame alongside <mask>, Steve Cropper, John Fogerty, Isaac Hayes, David Porter and his brother, Richard M<mask>.On November 16, 2006, the Cameron Mackintosh/Disney production of Mary Poppins made its Broadway premiere at the New Amsterdam Theater featuring the Sherman Brothers’ classic songs. During a London press junket promoting the 40th anniversary DVD rerelease of The Jungle Book, <mask> and <mask> were witnessed by press working on a new song for Inkas in the same <mask>'s Hotel room where The Jungle Book was originally penned by the British writer, Rudyard Kipling, over a hundred years earlier. In February, 2008 Chitty Chitty Bang Bang began a second UK tour. In 2008 and 2009, Poppins premiered in numerous cities throughout the world including: Stockholm, Copenhagen, Budapest, Toronto, Shanghai, Sydney, Johannesburg, Amsterdam, Buenos Aires, São Paulo and Helsinki. Full UK and US tours of Poppins are also scheduled to commence in 2008 and 2009 respectively. On November 17, 2008, <mask> and <mask> were

masks:
Sherman
Bill Withers
. Sherman
Robert
Richard Sherman
Brown
Robert
Richard Sherman


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts:
 awarded the National Medal of Arts at the White House by President George W<mask> in the East Room. The National Medal of Arts is an award and title created by the Congress of the United States in 1984, for the purpose of honoring artists and patrons of the arts.It is the highest honor conferred to an individual artist on behalf of the people. Honorees are selected by the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and ceremoniously presented the award by the President of the United States. In May 2009, a documentary called The Boys: The Sherman Brothers' Story was released. In October 2009, Disney released The Sherman Brothers Songbook, a 59-track, two-CD compendium of their work for the studio spanning 42 years. On March 11, 2010 the <mask> Brothers were presented with a Window on Mainstreet Disneyland in Anaheim, California in honor of their contribution to Disney theme parks. On May 17, 2010 the "Career Achievement Award" at The Theatre Museum's 2010 Awards Gala. On May 21, 2011, the <mask> Brothers were each awarded honorary doctorate degrees in Fine Arts from their alma mater, Bard College.This was <mask>'s second honorary doctorate. His first was granted by Lincoln College on May 12, 1990. <mask><mask> Scholarship
In 2005, <mask> established an annual scholarship award in his name through the BMI Foundation. The awardee is chosen by BMI's Lehman Engel program with some consultation with <mask>. The first awardee was announced in November 2006. Awardees are chosen for their excellence in musical comedy songwriting with an emphasis on lyric writing. Following is a list of the annual winners since the award's inception:

 2006 - Andrew Nellessen
 2007 - Michael Mitnick
 2008 (no award this year)
 2009 - Jeffrey Simno
 2010 - Andy Roninson

Moose: Chapters From My Life
 In 2013, Moose: Chapters From My Life, <mask>'s autobiography, was edited by his son <mask><mask> and published by AuthorHouse

masks:
. Bush
Sherman
Sherman
Robert
Robert B
. Sherman
Robert Sherman
Sherman
Sherman
Robert J
. Sherman


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts:
 Publishers.The book was acknowledged in the credits of the film Saving Mr. <mask> which also features actors playing the <mask> Brothers. B. J. Novak portrayed <mask> in the film. Artistic tributes
 Marking the official UK book launch for Moose, <mask><mask> wrote and emceed a two-night cabaret called A Spoonful of Sherman which premiered at the St. James Theatre in London, England on January 6, 2014. The show was billed as "A Celebration of the Life, Times and Songs of <mask><mask>" and was received extremely well by the crowd and critics alike. The show took on a life of its own, subsequently enjoying a "sold out" return engagement later in the year at the same venue. The Original Cast Recording, double CD was produced by Nicholas Lloyd Webber and released by SimG Records in 2015. In 2017 A Spoonful of Sherman was revived, playing at the venue, "Live At Zédel" in London.On July 31, 2018, the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California renamed Soundstage A the Sherman Brothers Stage. In 2018 the first A Spoonful of Sherman UK/Ireland Tour began with previews on February 14, 2018, at the EM Forester Theatre in Tonbridge, Kent. The tour played in 28 cities in England, Scotland, Wales and the Republic of Ireland. Cast members for the tour included Sophie-Louise Dann, Mark Read, Glen Facey, Jenna Innes and <mask>. "Miracles from Molecules" for Adventure Thru Inner Space
"One Little Spark" for Journey Into Imagination
The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (attraction)
"it's a small world (after all)" for the 1964 New York World's Fair attraction Pepsi Presents WALT DISNEY'S "it's a small world" - a Salute to UNICEF and the World's Children, then adapted to each Disney Park installation of "it's a small world". "The Astuter Computer Revue" for the 1982 premiere of the CommuniCore Exhibit at EPCOT. "Magic Highways" for Rocket Rods
"Makin' Memories" for Magic Journeys
The Tiki, Tiki, Tiki Room for Walt

masks:
Banks
Sherman
Robert Sherman
Robert J
. Sherman
Robert B
. Sherman
Ben Stock


title: Robert B. Sherman

texts:
 Disney's Enchanted Tiki Room
"We Meet the World with Love" and "Meet the World" for the same exhibit in Tokyo Disneyland

Autobiographic booksWalt's Time: From Before to Beyond A joint autobiography by both <mask> and <mask> published in 1998.Moose: Chapters From My Life  <mask><mask>'s official memoirs posthumously released in 2013.Window presented at Disneyland in Anaheim, California in honor of the Sherman Brothers' contribution to Disney theme parks. for That Darn Cat!Moscow Film Festival
1973 First Place Award in the category of "Best Music" for Tom SawyerNational Medal of Arts
2008 National Medal of Arts awarded to Richard and <mask> on November 17, 2008, at the White House by President George W<mask>. This is the highest honor the United States Government bestows on artists. Olivier Awards
2002 Nominated "Best Musical" for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang]Songwriters Hall of Fame
2005 induction at the Marriott Hotel on Times Square in New York City

Theatre Museum Award
2010 Career Achievement Award presented on May 17, 2010, at the Players Club in New York City

Variety Club Awards
2003 Won "Best Musical" for Chitty Chitty Bang BangWalk of Fame
1976 A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame awarded to "Richard & Robert Sherman" on November 17, 1976, located at 6914 Hollywood Boulevard

See also
Music WorldArmistice and Dedication DayWalt's Time: from before to beyondMoose: Chapters From My LifeReferences

Further reading
 <mask>, <mask>. Moose: Chapters From My Life. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse Publishers, 2013. <mask>, <mask>. Walt's Time: from before to beyond. Santa Clarita: Camphor Tree Publishers, 1998.Greene, Katherine and Richard. Inside The Dream: The Personal Story of Walt Disney. New York: Disney Editions, 2001. Peterson, Monique. Disney's The Little Big Book of Pooh. New York: Disney Editions, 2002. Tietyen, David.The Musical World of Walt Disney''. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Hal Leonard

masks:
Robert
Richard Sherman
Robert B
. Sherman
Robert Sherman
. Bush
Sherman
Robert B
Sherman
Robert B


title: Maxwell L. Anderson

texts:
<mask><mask> (born May 1, 1956) is an American art historian, author, and non-profit executive, who currently serves as President of the Souls Grown Deep Foundation. Early life and education
The son of Columbia University's <mask> Professor <mask> and grandson of the Pulitzer Prize-winning playwright <mask>, he was born in 1956 in New York City and raised there, attending Collegiate School (New York) and graduating from The Dalton School. He received a B.A. from Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire in 1977 with highest distinction in Art History, and M.A. (1978) and Ph.D. (1981) degrees in the history of Art from Harvard University. Career

Museums
<mask> worked as a curatorial assistant at The Metropolitan Museum of Art and subsequently as assistant curator from 1981–87, and became director of the Michael C. Carlos Museum in Atlanta, Georgia (1987–1995). While in Atlanta he inaugurated a series of loan projects highlighting unpublished treasures from the storerooms of some of the world's leading museums in London, Paris, Rome, Mexico City, and elsewhere, looking for alternatives to buying antiquities from the illicit trade, expanded the Museum with architect Michael Graves, and greatly enlarged the permanent collection.As director of Toronto's Art Gallery of Ontario (1995–1998),  where he led the creation of a national exhibition indemnity program, restituted five 17th-century Italian drawings to the Berlin State Museums, which had been looted during the Second World War, initiated the illustrated web-based publication of the museum's collections, made significant acquisitions of European and Canadian art, and organized numerous exhibitions including The Courtauld Collection, one of the Gallery's five best-attended exhibitions in its history. <mask> served as the Alice Pratt Brown Director of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City (1998–2003). While at the Whitney, he

masks:
Maxwell L
. Anderson
Julian Clarence Levi
Quentin Anderson
Maxwell Anderson
Anderson
Anderson


title: Maxwell L. Anderson

texts: initiated the first multinational art purchase, a work by Bill Viola today jointly owned by the Whitney Museum, the Pompidou, and the Tate, to cope with the large scale of many contemporary artworks in variable media, and created a seat for an artist on the Board of Trustees, with Chuck Close as its first incumbent. He established the Museum's first conservation program, introduced new media and architecture as collecting and programming areas, established an M.A. program in curatorial studies with Columbia University, and grew attendance to some 670,000 annually. In 2003, <mask> resigned from the Whitney over disagreements with Board leadership about the Museum's artistic direction, and became a Leadership Fellow at the Yale School of Management's Chief Executive Leadership Program, and subsequently joined a firm advising cultural institutions on planning and programming. In 2006, he resumed his career as a museum director as the Melvin & Bren Simon Director and CEO of the Indianapolis Museum of Art in Indianapolis, Indiana (2006-2011).At the IMA, the museum added over $30 million to its endowment through gifts and pledges, opened a 100-acre sculpture park as well as a conservation science laboratory, acquired the mid-century modern Miller House and Garden estate, and more than doubled museum attendance to reach some 450,000 visitors annually. <mask> left Indianapolis at the end of 2011 to become the Eugene McDermott Director of the Dallas Museum of Art in Dallas, Texas (2012–2015). His tenure at the Dallas Museum of Art included introducing free general admission, a novel loyalty program attracting over 100,000 members, a fifteen-year loan of a significant collection of Islamic art and a program in paintings conservation. He served as a board member of the NewCities Foundation beginning in 2011, and stepped into the role of Executive Director in 2015. He relinquished his position in 2017

masks: Anderson Anderson


title: Maxwell L. Anderson

texts: and rejoined the Foundation's Board of Trustees. In 2016 <mask> was appointed president of the Souls Grown Deep Foundation, an Atlanta-based collection of African American art from the Southeast. Souls Grown Deep Foundation is the only non-profit organization dedicated to documenting, preserving, exhibiting and promoting the work of contemporary African American artists from the American South.A vital resource for this genre, the Foundation's holdings are extensive, with some 1,200 works by more than 160 artists—among them Thornton Dial, <mask> Holley, Joe Minter, Purvis Young, <mask>, Mary T. Smith, <mask>, and the quilt makers of Gee's Bend. Ranging from large-scale assemblages to works on paper, the Foundation is particularly strong in works dating from the death of <mask> King to the end of the twentieth century. <mask> introduced a multi-year program to transfer the majority of the Foundation's works in its care to the permanent collections of leading American and international art museums, which has led to acquisitions by multiple institutions, including the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, the High Museum of Art, the Ackland Art Museum, and the New Orleans Museum of Art. He has lectured and published widely on general issues of museum practice, especially on the ethical collecting of antiquities, institutional transparency, free expression, artists’ rights, and uses of new technologies. <mask> is a former president of the Association of Art Museum Directors, and a board member of the National Committee for the History of Art, the National Center for Arts Research, and a trustee of the American Federation of Arts. In 1990, he was decorated with the rank of Commendatore (Knight Commander) in the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic and in 2010 was awarded the French Republic's rank of Chevalier dans l’Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Knight in the Order of Arts and Letters).

masks:
Anderson
Lonnie
Ronald Lockett
Joe Light
Martin Luther
Anderson
Anderson


title: Maxwell L. Anderson

texts:
 Antiquities
<mask> has long worked in the field of antiquities, serving as an assistant curator in the Department of Greek and Roman Art at The Metropolitan Museum of Art from 1982–87, and holding teaching positions in the field of Roman art history at the University of Rome II, Princeton University, and Emory University.At the Michael C. Carlos Museum he negotiated several long-term loans of previously unpublished archaeological material to underscore the value of provenance. In 2007, while director of the Indianapolis Museum of Art, he recognized 1970 as a "bright line" when acquiring ancient art. He advocated changes in the acquisitions policies of the Association of Art Museum Directors as founding chair of its Task Force on Archaeological Materials & Ancient Art beginning in 2003, culminating in its 2008 adoption of a bright line of 1970 as well. In December 2016 Oxford University Press published his book "Antiquities: What Everyone Needs to Know"

New media
<mask> was one of the earliest proponents of using new media technologies to advance public interest in art. As Liaison for Information Technology of the AAMD and a Member of the Advisory Council of the Getty Art History Information Program (AHIP) he helped found the Art Museum Image Consortium (AMICO) in 1997 and the Art Museum Network in 1999. In 2008, he modeled museum transparency with the award-winning IMA Dashboard  and in 2009, he launched ArtBabble, a site for art museums worldwide to share video content. See also
 <mask>

References

External links
 www.maxwellanderson.com
 Souls Grown Deep Foundation

1956 births
Living people
Writers from New York City
Dartmouth College alumni
Dalton School alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Directors of museums in the United States
American nonprofit chief executives
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
People associated with the Whitney Museum of

masks:
Anderson
Anderson
Maxwell Anderson


title: Michael Bennett (theater)

texts:
<mask> (April 8, 1943 – July 2, 1987) was an American musical theatre director, writer, choreographer, and dancer. He won seven Tony Awards for his choreography and direction of Broadway shows and was nominated for an additional eleven. <mask> choreographed Promises, Promises, Follies and Company. In 1976, he won the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical and the Tony Award for Best Choreography for the musical A Chorus Line. <mask>, under the aegis of producer Joseph Papp, created A Chorus Line based on a workshop process which he pioneered. He also directed and co-choreographed Dreamgirls with <mask>. Early life and career
<mask> was born <mask> in Buffalo, New York, the son of Helen (née Ternoff), a secretary, and Salvatore Joseph DiFiglia, a factory worker.His father was Italian American and his mother was Jewish. He studied dance and choreography in his teens and staged a number of shows in his local high school before dropping out to accept the role of Baby John in the US and European tours of West Side Story. <mask>'s career as a Broadway dancer began in the 1961 Betty Comden–Adolph Green–Jule Styne musical Subways Are for Sleeping, after which he appeared in Meredith Willson's Here's Love and the short-lived Bajour. In the mid-1960s he was a featured dancer on the NBC pop music series Hullabaloo, where he met fellow dancer Donna McKechnie. <mask> made his choreographic debut with A Joyful Noise (1966), which lasted only twelve performances, and in 1967 followed it with another failure, Henry, Sweet Henry (based on the Peter Sellers film The World of Henry Orient). Success finally arrived in 1968, when he choreographed the hit musical Promises, Promises on Broadway. With a contemporary pop score by Burt Bacharach and Hal David, a wisecracking book by Neil Simon and <mask>'s well-received production numbers, including "Turkey Lurkey Time", the show ran for 1,281

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 performances.Over the next few years, he earned praise for his work on the straight play Twigs with Sada Thompson and the musical Coco with Katharine Hepburn. These were followed by two Stephen Sondheim productions, Company, and Follies co-directed with Hal Prince. In 1973, <mask> was asked by producers Joseph Kipness and Larry Kasha to take over the ailing Cy Coleman–Dorothy Fields musical Seesaw. In replacing the director Ed Sherin and choreographer Grover Dale, he asked for absolute control over the production as director and choreographer and received credit as "having written, directed, and choreographed" the show. A Chorus Line and the 1980s
<mask>'s next project was A Chorus Line. The musical was formed out of twenty hours of taped sessions with Broadway dancers. <mask> was invited to the sessions originally as an observer but soon took charge.He co-choreographed and directed the production, which debuted in July 1975 off-Broadway. It won nine Tony Awards and the 1976 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. He later claimed that the worldwide success of A Chorus Line became a hindrance, as the many international companies of the musical demanded his full-time attention. <mask> would later become a creative consultant for the 1985 film version of the musical but left due to creative differences. He always sought creative control over his projects, but Hollywood producers were unwilling to give him the influence he demanded. There are some filmed records which testify to the show's initial power. Television talk-show host Phil Donahue devoted an entire program to the original cast, during which they reminisce and recreate some of the musical numbers.The 2008 feature-length documentary Every Little Step chronicles the casting process of the musical's 2006 revival, with re-created choreography by <mask>'s long-time associate Baayork Lee, and, in the course of the film, the saga of the original

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title: Michael Bennett (theater)

texts: production is re-told as well, through the use of old film clips and revealing interviews from the original collaborators, including Lee, Bob Avian (who was the show's original co-choreographer with <mask> and the director of the revival), composer Marvin Hamlisch and the original's leading lady, Donna McKechnie. <mask>'s next musical was a project about late-life romance called Ballroom. Although financially unsuccessful, it garnered seven Tony Award nominations, and <mask> won one for Best Choreography. He admitted that any project that followed A Chorus Line was bound to be an anti-climax. <mask> had another hit in 1981 with Dreamgirls, a backstage epic about a girl group like The Supremes and the expropriation of black music by a white recording industry. In the early 1980s, <mask> worked on various projects, one of which was titled The Children's Crusade, based on a legendary story "Children's Crusade", but none of them reached the stage. In 1978, he purchased 890 Broadway and converted it for use as a rehearsal studios complex for dance and theatre.In 1986, he was forced to sell it for $15 million due to stress-induced angina and the financial losses of the property. Two tenants purchased the building, and it remains a rehearsal facility for American Ballet Theatre, Eliot Feld's Ballet Tech, Gibney Dance Company, and others. He always collaborated with his assistant Bob Avian, who was a lifelong friend. In 1985, <mask> abandoned the nearly-completed musical Scandal, by writer Treva Silverman and songwriter Jimmy Webb, which had been developing for nearly five years through a series of workshop productions. The show was sexually daring, but the conservative climate and the growing AIDS panic made it unlikely commercial material. He was then signed to direct the West End production of Chess but had to withdraw in January 1986 due to his failing health, leaving Trevor Nunn to

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 complete the production using <mask>'s already commissioned sets. Analysis
Unlike his more famous contemporary Bob Fosse, <mask> was not known for a particular choreographic style.Instead, <mask>'s choreography was motivated by the form of the musical involved, or the distinct characters interpreted. In act 2 of Company, <mask> defied the usual choreographic expectations by deliberately taking the polish off the standard Broadway production number. The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine ("Side By Side") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters' singing and dancing. <mask> made the audience aware that this group had been flung together to perform, and that they were in over their heads. He intended the number to be not about the routine, but rather the characters behind it. The song "One" from A Chorus Line functions in a different way. The various phases of construction/rehearsal of the number are shown, and because the show is about professional dancers, the last performance of the song-and-dance routine has all the gloss and polish expected of Broadway production values.<mask>'s choreography also reveals the cost of the number to the people behind it. <mask> was influenced by the work of Jerome Robbins. "What <mask> perceived early in Robbins' work was totality, all the sums of a given piece adding to a unified whole". In Dreamgirls, <mask>'s musical staging was described as a "mesmerizing sense of movement":

The most thrilling breakthrough of the extraordinary show is that whereas in A Chorus Line <mask> choreographed the cast, in Dreamgirls he has choreographed the set. <mask>'s use of [the plexiglass towers that dominated the set] was revolutionary. The towers moved to create constantly changing perspectives and space, like an automated ballet. They energized the action, driving it forcefully along.It's why there

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 were no set-piece dance routines in the show: dance and movement were organic to the entire action. But <mask> had made the mechanical set his dancers." Personal life
<mask> was bisexual. He had numerous affairs with both men and women. In his younger days, <mask> had a relationship with Larry Fuller, a dancer, choreographer and director. He had a long professional and personal relationship with the virtuoso dancer Donna McKechnie, who danced his work in both Promises, Promises and Company and won the 1976 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in the role he had created for her in A Chorus Line. They married on December 4, 1976, but after only a few months they separated and eventually divorced in 1979.In the late 1970s he began an affair with Sabine Cassel, the then-wife of French actor Jean-Pierre Cassel. She left her family in Paris to live with <mask> in Manhattan, but the relationship soured. <mask>'s addictions to alcohol and drugs, notably cocaine and quaaludes, severely affected his ability to work and affected many of his professional and personal relationships. His paranoia grew as his dependency did. Worried by his celebrity and his father's Italian background, he began to suspect he might fall victim to a Mafia hit. <mask>'s last lover was Gene Pruit. In 1986 both Pruit and friend Bob Herr lived with <mask> for the last eight months of his life in Tucson, Arizona, where he received care at the Arizona Medical Center.<mask> died from AIDS-related lymphoma at the age of 44. He left a portion of his estate to fund research to fight the pandemic. <mask>'s memorial service took place at the Shubert Theatre in New York City (the home at that time of A Chorus Line) on September 29, 1987. Awards and nominations

Other media
A Class Act—A Musical About Musicals (2001). <mask> and lyricist Ed Kleban are portrayed in this partly fictionalized life story of Kleban, using some of

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 Kleban's unpublished songs. A Chorus Line'''s number "One" is included in this musical. Notes

References

 Long, Robert Emmet (2001).Broadway, the Golden Years: Jerome Robbins and the Great Choreographer-directors: 1940 to the Present. Continuum International Publishing Group. .

 McKechnie, Donna (2006). Time Steps: My Musical Comedy Life. Simon and Schuster. .
 Shea, Tom (2004). Broadway's Most Wanted: The Top 10 Book of Dynamic Divas, Surefire Showstoppers, and Box Office Busts. Brassey's. .
 Webb, Jimmy (1999). Tunesmith: Inside the Art of Songwriting.Hyperion. .
 Zadan, Craig (1987). Sondheim & Co.. Pavilion Books. .

Further reading
 Chapin, Ted (2005). Everything Was Possible: The Birth of the Musical Follies. Applause Books. .
 Flinn, Denny Martin (1989). What They Did for Love: The Untold Story Behind the Making of "A Chorus Line". Bantam, . Hamlisch, Marvin (1992).The Way I Was (1st edition). Scribner's. .
 Stevens, Gary (2000). The Longest Line: Broadway's Most Singular Sensation: A Chorus Line. Applause Books. .
 Viagas, Robert (1990). On the Line: The Creation of A Chorus Line'' (2nd edition). Limelight Editions. . External links

 <mask> Papers.Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University. 1943 births
1987 deaths
AIDS-related deaths in Arizona
American choreographers
American jazz dancers
American male dancers
20th-century American Jews
American musical theatre directors
American people of Italian descent
Broadway theatre directors
LGBT dancers
Drama Desk Award winners
LGBT theatre directors
LGBT Jews
LGBT entertainers from the United States
LGBT people from New York (state)
Artists from Buffalo, New York
Pulitzer Prize for Drama winners
Tony Award winners
Deaths from lymphoma
Bisexual men
Bisexual entertainers
Writers from Buffalo, New York
20th-century American dancers
Deaths from cancer in


title: Yumiko Kurahashi

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was a Japanese writer. Her married name was , but she wrote under her birth name. Her work was experimental and antirealist, questioning prevailing societal norms regarding sexual relations, violence, and social order. Her antinovels employed pastiche, parody, and other elements typical of postmodernist writing. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Kami, Japan, the eldest daughter of Toshio and Misae <mask>. Her godfather was Tokutomi Sohō, who knew her father. Her father was a family dentist in the town of Kami in Kōchi Prefecture on the island of Shikoku.After one year studying Japanese literature at the Kyoto Women's University, she moved under pressure from her father to Tokyo to obtain a certificate as a dental hygienist and for medical training. Following her completion of the requirements to take the state exam for medical practice, however, she instead entered the Department of French Literature at Meiji University, where she attended lectures by prominent Japanese post-war literary figures such as Mitsuo Nakamura, Kenji Yoshida, and Ken Hirano. During her university years, Kurahashi was enthusiastically introduced to the body of modern literature, reading Rimbaud, Camus, Kafka, Blanchot, and Valéry. Her thesis was devoted to an analysis of Sartre's treatise Being and Nothingness. <mask> and Kenzaburō Ōe have some biographical similarities: like <mask>, Ōe also was born in 1935, grew up on Shikoku, and moved to Tokyo, where he studied French literature, did graduate work on Sartre, and debuted in their student days with politically tinged short stories which drew the recognition of Ken Hirano. At a certain point, though, their paths diverge. Ōe went on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature while the path chosen by Kurahashi led to

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 her ostracization by the Japanese literary world.Literary beginnings and controversy
While studying for her master's degree, <mask> made her literary debut in 1960 with the publication in the Meiji University literary magazine of the story The Party (パルタイ, Parutai), an acute satire on the communist left-wing sentiment commonplace among students at that time, as well as the bureaucratic dogmatism of the Japan Communist Party (JCP) (which was not named but strongly alluded to by the title). The story won a university-wide prize and was commended by the prominent literary critic Ken Hirano in his review in the Mainichi Shimbun. A controversy erupted when Hirano used his influence within the Bundan to have <mask>'s story reprinted in the prominent literary magazine Bungakukai. The so-called "Parutai Debate" (Parutai ronsо̄) broke out across several literary magazines as Japanese writers and critics debated whether <mask>'s story had "literary merit" and the propriety of Hirano's promoting it, in what became a proxy war for competing views on the influence of the Communist Party in the literary world. Historian Nick Kapur argues that the Parutai debate also reflected unspoken displeasure within the male-dominated Bundan that a critic as prominent as Hirano was promoting the work of a young female author, in their view at the expense of males. Although the Parutai controversy never reached any definitive conclusion, it won <mask> many spoken and unspoken enemies and would shadow her throughout her career. Also in 1960, <mask> published the short novel End of Summer (夏の終り, Natsu no owari), which was also championed by Hirano and was nominated for the Akutagawa Prize.Although <mask> did not win, she was considered, along with other new writers debuting

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 at the same time - Takeshi Kaiko, Shintaro Ishihara, and Kenzaburō Ōe - to be ranked highly among the so-called "third wave" generation of young Japanese writers. <mask>'s 1961 novel (in fact antinovel) Blue Journeys (暗い旅, Kuroi tabi), written in the formal second person caused much controversy among critics and led Jun Etō to accuse her of plagiarism. In Etō's view, <mask>'s novel simply imitated the earlier novel La modification (Second Thoughts) by the French writer Michel Butor. A fierce debate broke out in the press; <mask>'s defenders were joined by . Whether influenced by the dispute or by the death of her father in 1962, after this Kurahashi left the graduate school. Later life and works
In 1964 <mask> married Tomihiro Kumagai, who was then working as a producer for the Japan Broadcasting Corporation. Despite significant health problems, in 1966 she went to study at the University of Iowa in the United States, where she spent about a year with a Fulbright scholarship.In 1969 <mask> published the phantasmagoric and dystopian novel Adventures of Sumiyakisto Q (スミヤキストQの冒険). A dramatic turnaround in her work was heralded by her novels such as Virginia (1970), Anti-Tragedies (反悲劇) (1971), and The Bridge of Dreams (夢の浮橋) (1971). While she continued to author both short and long stories such as A castle inside the castle (城の中の城) (1981), Symposion (シュンポシオン) (1985), and Popoi (1987), her Cruel Fairy Tales for Adults (大人のための残酷童話), and <mask>'s Short Ghost Stories (倉橋由美子の怪奇掌編) became her most popular works during her lifetime. In 1987 she was awarded the Izumi Kyōka Prize for Literature for her massive antiutopian work Journey to Amanon (アマノン国往還記). Final years
In her later years, despite her deteriorating health, Kurahashi authored several books,


title: Yumiko Kurahashi

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 including Kôkan (交歓) (1989), Yume no Kayoiji (夢の通ひ路) (1989), The Gallery of Fantasy Art (幻想絵画館) (1991), Between the Earthly World and the Other World (よもつひらさか往還) (2002), and Cruel Fairy Tales for Old People (老人のための残酷童話) (2003). <mask> is also known for her translation of children's literature such as Shel Silverstein's The Missing Piece (ぼくを探しに) (1977) and The Missing Piece Meets the Big O (ビッグ・オーとの出会い : 続ぼくを探しに) (1982). Her last work was a new translation of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry's The Little Prince, which she finished one day before her death.<mask> <mask> died at the age of 69 of dilated cardiomyopathy. The disease was incurable, but <mask> consistently refused even those operations which could have prolonged her life. Works in English
 Adventures of Sumiyakista Q (スミヤキストQの冒険, 1969) translated by Dennis Keene. The Woman with the Flying Head and Other Stories translated by Atsuko Sakaki. "An Extraterrestrial ", "We Are Lovers", "The House of the Black Cat", "The Woman with the Flying Head", "The Trade", "The Witch Mask", "Spring Night Dreams", "The Passage of Dreams", "The Special Place", "Flower Abstraction", "The Long Passage of Dreams"
 "Partei" (1960) translated by Yukiko Tanaka and Elizabeth Hanson, in
 "To Die at the Estuary" (Kako ni Shisu, 1971) translated by Dennis Keene, in

References

Citations

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

 <mask> <mask> at J'Lit Books from Japan
 Synopsis of A Record of Travel to the Land of Amanon (Amanon koku okan ki) at JLPP (Japanese Literature Publishing Project)
 Brief biography and list of works

1935 births
People from Kōchi Prefecture
Writers from Kōchi Prefecture
Japanese writers
2005 deaths
20th-century Japanese translators
International Writing Program alumni
Japanese women

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<mask> (February 3, 1957 – April 5, 1994) was an American filmmaker, educator, poet, and gay rights activist. He produced, wrote, and directed several documentary films, including Ethnic Notions, Tongues Untied, Color Adjustment, and Black Is...Black Ain't. His films examine past and present representations of race and sexuality in the United States. The <mask> Collection is housed at Stanford University Libraries. Early life
<mask> was born in Fort Worth, Texas, on February 3, 1957. He was a child of civilian employees of the military and spent a great deal of his childhood traveling. He lived in Texas and Georgia before moving to West Germany at the age of 11 with his family.He was the son of Jean (mother) and <mask> (father) and also had a sibling named Sascha. Later in his life, <mask> recalled the ostracism and name-calling that he experienced at Hephzibah Junior High School in Hephzibah, Georgia. He stated that Black and white students alike called him a "punk," a "faggot," and "Uncle Tom." He felt isolated from everyone at the school: "I was caught between these two worlds where the whites hated me and the blacks disparaged me. It was so painful." <mask> excelled at Nurnberg American High School, where he played football and ran track, and was elected President of the Varsity Club while only a sophomore. He also performed a solo interpretive dance in the school's talent show depicting  American slaves' experiences from Africa through emancipation.From 1973 to 1974 <mask> attended Ansbach American High School's opening year in Katterbach, Germany. He was elected student body president at the military dependents school. In 1974, <mask> returned to the United States to attend college. As an undergraduate, he studied history at Harvard University and graduated magna cum laude in

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 1978. While a student at Harvard, <mask> realized that he was gay. Because there were no courses that supported the study of homosexuality, he petitioned the history department and received approval to pursue independent study of the portrayal of "male homosexuality in American fiction and poetry". As he began studying the history of American racism and homophobia, <mask> became interested in communicating his ideas about these subjects through film.After working for a local television station in Texas for about a year, he moved to Oakland, California, where he lived for 15 years with his life partner, Jack Vincent. <mask> entered graduate school and received his master's degree in journalism with a specialization in documentary film in 1981 from the University of California, Berkeley, having co-produced/co-directed with Peter Webster a master's thesis titled Long Train Running: The Story of the Oakland Blues, a half-hour video on the history of blues music in Oakland, California. Film career
Upon finishing graduate school, <mask> began working on many independent documentary productions in the Bay Area. He assisted documentary directors and producers initially as an assistant editor and later as a post-production supervisor, editor on documentaries about the American arms race, Nicaragua, Central America, sexism, and disability rights. Because of his proficiency in video technology, <mask> was the on-line editor for a video production company, Espresso Productions. In 1987, <mask> was hired as a part-time faculty member at the Graduate School of Journalism at Berkeley to teach documentary filmmaking. He became the youngest tenured professor at Berkeley.In 1987 he completed his first professional feature documentary Ethnic Notions. An independently produced documentary, the film

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texts: received technical support (online editing) from KQED, a public television station in San Francisco, and aired on public television stations throughout the United States. In Ethnic Notions, <mask> sought to explore widespread and persistent stereotypes of Black people – images of ugly, savage brutes and happy servants – in American popular culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Edited by Debbie Hoffmann, and Sound Design and Mix by Mark Escott, the film uses a narrative voice-over provided by African-American actress Esther Rolle in explaining striking film footage and historical stills which expose the blatant racism of the era immediately following the Civil War. The documentary also presents a set of contemporary[interviews with  historians George Fredrickson and Lawrence Levine, cultural critic Barbara Christian, folklorist Patricia Turner, and Black memorabilia collector Jan Faulkner, who discuss the consequences of historical African-American stereotypes. The 1989 film Tongues Untied was aired as part of the television series P.O.V. The three principal voices of Tongues Untied are those of <mask> as well as gay rights activists and men infected with HIV Essex Hemphill and Joseph Beam.Tongues Untied had political backlash; Republican Senator Jesse Helms famously argued to defund the arts after its release. In 1988, while working both on Color Adjustment and Tongues Untied, <mask> was diagnosed with HIV after undergoing treatment for near-fatal kidney failure at a hospital in Germany. Despite his deteriorating health, <mask> decided to continue to teach at Berkeley and make documentaries. In the short 1990 piece Affirmations, <mask> explored the African-American males' sexuality and relationship with the African-American community at large. Some of the men expressed

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texts: the lack of acceptance within the African-American community and the divide their sexual orientation caused. In 1991, <mask> directed and produced Anthem, a short documentary about African-American male sexuality. In 1991, <mask> founded Signifyin' Works, a non-profit corporation that produces films about African-American history and culture.The 1992 documentary Color Adjustment was <mask>'s second film to air on the PBS television series P.O.V., focusing on the representation of African Americans in American television from Amos 'n' Andy to the Cosby Show. The film was produced with Vivian Kleiman, edited by Debbie Hoffmann, Sound Designed and Mixed by Mark Escott, and narrated by actress Ruby Dee. It includes an original music score by Mary Watkins. In 1992, <mask> directed the film Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien (No Regret), in which five gay Black men who are HIV-positive discuss how they are battling the double stigmas surrounding their infection and homosexuality. The series was screened in observation of World AIDS Day and Day Without Art. It included the participation of Phil Zwickler, David Wojnarowicz, Ellen Spiro, Vivian Kleiman, and others. In 1993, <mask> received an honorary doctorate from the California College of Arts and Crafts.The same year, <mask>'s experimental short Anthem was featured in a collection of short films entitled Boys' Shorts: The New Queer Cinema. Shortly after completing Color Adjustment, <mask> began work on what was to be his final film Black Is...Black Ain't, but he died at the age of 37 from complications caused by AIDS on April 5, 1994 before he could complete it. The project was completed posthumously by co-producer Nicole Atkinson, co-director/editor Christiane Badgley, Sound Designer and Mixer Mark Escott, and the board of directors of Signifyin'

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 Works. <mask> also wrote poetry, and Tongues Untied contains several of his poems about his life experiences as a black gay man. Writings
<mask>'s writings were published during the late 1980s and early 1990s in various art and literary journals such as Black American Literature Forum, Art Journal, and High Performance as well as anthologies such as Brother to Brother: Collected Writings by Black Gay Men. In his essay "Black Macho Revisited: Reflections of a SNAP! Queen," <mask> discusses how representations of black gay men in the United States have been used to shape Americans' conceptions of race and sexuality.He argues that Americans' emphasis on the "black macho" figure – the warrior model of black masculinity based on a mythologized view of African history – signifies an exclusion of black homosexual males from the African-American community, which results in their dehumanization and rationalizes homophobia. Themes and style
<mask>'s films deal with representations of race and sexuality in the United States. <mask> was critical of American racism and homophobia. He used his films to show positive images of African-American culture as well as those of physical and emotional love between black men in order to challenge representations of African Americans and black gay men in popular culture. As a graduate student at Berkeley, <mask> was educated in journalism and conventional documentary filmmaking, which stresses objectivity and employing an academic stance. However his film style quickly evolved to be rather personal and emotional. Philip Brian Harper, an associate professor of English at New York University, stated that <mask> was an innovator of television programming in America: "<mask>'s work itself challenged television's generic boundaries.<mask> troubled broadcast

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 convention, seen as implicitly under attack in the presentation of his work." Awards and recognition
<mask>'s documentaries have received much critical acclaim. <mask> received a national Emmy Award in 1987 for Ethnic Notions. Tongues Untied was awarded the Teddy Award at the Berlin Film Festival. The film received recognition from the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, the New York Documentary Film Festival, the American Film and Video Festival, and the San Francisco International Lesbian and Gay Film Festival. In 1992, <mask> was awarded the Maya Daren Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Film Institute. Additionally, Color Adjustment won the prestigious George Foster Peabody Award, Erik Barnouw Award from the Organization of American Historians, the International Documentary Association Outstanding Achievement Award, and a premiere screening the Sundance Film Festival."Color Adjustment" garnered a nomination for a national Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Research. <mask> received the Frameline Award from the San Francisco International Lesbian and Gay Film Festival for his film Non, Je Ne Regrette Rien (No Regret). Black Is...Black Ain't won the Golden Gate Award at the San Francisco International Film Festival and was praised by the Sundance Film Festival. In 1993, <mask> received an Honorary Doctorate from the California College of Arts and Crafts in Oakland. There is a section of a housing unit named The Marlon Riggs Apartments/Vernon Street located in Oakland, California. In 1996, a plaque with a picture of <mask> was hung inside of the building's lobby area. At the time, the housing unit was the first building constructed for low-income people with HIV/AIDS.This property is funded through The John Stewart Company and was awarded $2 million for

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