texts:
 charges to which he had previously plead guilty, as well as an additional 10 years for the charges for which he was convicted), credited with time served, loss of his military retirement, forfeiture of pay and allowances, and dismissal from the military. Charges against <mask>

Charge I: Violation of the UCMJ, Article 104
Specification: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, did, between on or about October 1, 2005 and October 31, 2006, aid the enemy by providing an unmonitored cellular phone to detainees. (Acquitted of charge on October 19, 2007)

Charge II: Violation of the UCMJ, Article 134
Specification: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, did, between on or about October 31, 2006 and February 22, 2007, having unauthorized possession of classified information, violate Title 18, United States Code, Section 793(e), by knowingly and willfully retaining the same and failing to deliver it to the officer or employee of the United States entitled to receive it. (Convicted of charge on October 19, 2007)

Charge III: Violation of the UCMJ, Article 133
Specification 1: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, did, between on or about October 20, 2005 and February 22, 2007, knowingly and wrongfully fraternize with the daughter of a detainee, wherein such acts constituted conduct unbecoming an officer in the armed forces. (This specification was not recommended for trial by court-martial and was dismissed on June 10, 2007.)Specification 2: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, did, between on or about December 1, 2005 and December 11, 2006, knowingly and wrongfully provide special privileges to and maintain an inappropriate relationship with an interpreter, wherein such acts constituted conduct unbecoming an officer in the armed forces. (Convicted of charge on October 19, 2007)

Charge IV: Violation of the UCMJ, Article 92
Specification 1: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, did, between on or about February 18, 2007 and February 21, 2007, violate a lawful general regulation, to wit: paragraph 7–4, Army Regulation 380–5, dated September 29, 2000, by wrongfully and knowingly storing classified

masks:
Steele
William H
. Steele
William H
. Steele
William H
. Steele
William H
. Steele
William H
. Steele


title: William H. Steele (United States Army officer)

type: original

texts:
 information in his living space. (<mask> pleaded guilty to this specification on October 7, 2007.) Specification 2: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, did, between on or about September 1, 2006 and February 21, 2007, violate a lawful general regulation, to wit: paragraph 4–32, Army Regulation 380–5, dated September 29, 2000, by improperly marking classified information. (<mask> pleaded guilty to this specification on October 7, 2007.) Specification 3: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, having knowledge of a lawful order issued by the 89th Military Police Brigade Deputy Commander, did, at or near Camp Victory, Iraq, on or about February 22, 2007, failure to obey the same. (Convicted of charge on October 19, 2007)

Specification 4: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, did, between on or about February 18, 2007 and February 21, 2007, violate a lawful general order, to wit: paragraph 2e, Multi-National Corps-Iraq General Order Number 1, dated December 16, 2006, by wrongfully and knowingly possessing pornographic video files.(<mask> pleaded guilty to this specification on October 7, 2007.) Specification 5: In that Lieutenant Colonel <mask><mask>, between on or about October 1, 2005 and October 31, 2006, was derelict in the performance of his duties in that he willfully failed to fulfill his obligations as an approving authority in the expenditure of Field Ordering Officer funds. (This specification was not recommended for trial by court-martial and was dismissed on June 10, 2007.) References and notes

External links
Charges Announced News Release – United States Central Command – April 26, 2007
Trial Date Set For Officer Charged With Aiding Enemy News Release – United States Central Command – October 13, 2007
U.S. commander under investigation for allegedly aiding the enemy
US Iraqi prison commander detained
Army officer who commanded MPs at Iraq prison accused of aiding the enemy, faces death penalty

1950s births
Living people
American deputy sheriffs
United States Army personnel of the Iraq War
United States Army officers
People from Frostburg, Maryland
People from Prince George,

masks:
Steele
William H
. Steele
Steele
William H
. Steele
William H
. Steele
Steele
William H
. Steele


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts:
<mask>  (3 January 1819 – 21 February 1900) was an Italian-born British astronomer who was Astronomer Royal for Scotland from 1846 to 1888; he is known for many innovations in astronomy and, along with his wife <mask>, his pyramidological and metrological studies of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Astronomical career
<mask> (pronounced ) was born in Naples, Italy, to Captain (later Admiral) <mask> and his wife Annarella. He was named <mask> after his godfather, the Italian astronomer <mask>, whose acquaintance his father had made at Palermo when serving in the Mediterranean. His father subsequently settled at Bedford and equipped there an observatory, at which <mask> received his first lessons in astronomy. He was educated at Bedford School until the age of sixteen when he became an assistant to Sir Thomas Maclear at the Cape of Good Hope, where he observed
Halley's comet and the Great Comet of 1843, and took an active part in the verification and extension of Nicolas Louis de Lacaille's arc of the meridian. In 1846 he was appointed Astronomer Royal for Scotland, based at the Calton Hill Observatory in Edinburgh, and professor of astronomy in the University of Edinburgh. Shortly after his appointment, the observatory was placed under the control of Her Majesty's Treasury and suffered from a long series of under-funding.Because of this, most of his notable work in astronomy was done elsewhere. Here he completed the reduction, and continued the series, of the observations made by his predecessor, Thomas James Henderson. In 1853, <mask> was responsible for installing the time ball on top of Nelson's Monument in Edinburgh to give a time signal to the ships at Edinburgh's port of Leith.

masks:
Charles Piazzi Smyth
Jessica Duncan Piazzi Smyth
Charles Piazzi Smyth
William Henry Smyth
Piazzi
Giuseppe Piazzi
Piazzi Smyth
Smyth


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts:
 By 1861, this visual signal was augmented by the One O'Clock Gun at Edinburgh Castle. In 1704 Isaac Newton wrote in his book Opticks Book 1, Part 1:
"... [telescopes] ... cannot be so formed as to take away that confusion of the Rays which arises from the Tremors of the Atmosphere. The only Remedy is a most serene and quiet Air, such as may perhaps be found on the tops of the highest Mountains above the grosser Clouds." This suggestion fell on deaf ears until in 1856, Smyth petitioned the Admiralty for a grant of £500 to take a telescope to the slopes of Teide in Tenerife (which he spelt Teneriffe) and test whether Newton had been right or not.In South Africa he had spent many nights observing from mountain tops but when he moved to Edinburgh had been appalled by the poor observing conditions there. The Admiralty approved his grant and he was offered the loan of further equipment from many sources. Robert Stephenson loaned his 140-ton yacht "Titania" for the expedition. Mr. Hugh Pattinson loaned his refracting telescope of . This was a Thomas Cooke equatorial with setting circles and a driving clock. The Crimean War had recently concluded and the army offered to lend tents. This offer was declined as <mask> <mask> had already designed a tent with a sewn-in groundsheet based on his experience in South Africa.On this and all his subsequent trips he was accompanied by his wife whom he had married the year before. In 1856, on reaching Tenerife they first set up camp on Mount Guajara, a  peak about  south of Teide (all heights on Tenerife are those he derived barometrically). It was higher than all its neighbours and free from any volcanic activity. They took all their equipment up

masks: Piazzi Smyth


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts: loaded on mules, except for the Pattinson telescope which was much too bulky. They stayed there a month making astronomical, meteorological and geological observations. He made observations of the steadiness and clarity of star images with the 3.6-inch (9 cm) Sheepshanks telescope and found both much better than at Edinburgh. He also made the first positive detection of heat coming from the Moon.However, they were annoyed by frequent dust incursions which frequently blotted out the horizon. Even when the dust was at its worst, the transparency at the zenith was better than at Edinburgh. The dust was evidently confined to individual layers, so he decided to move to Alta Vista at , on the eastern slope of Teide, the highest point that mules could reach. He was determined to use the larger Pattinson telescope and returned to La Orotava to fetch it. As the three boxes were too heavy, they were opened and the contents distributed among several smaller boxes which were loaded on to seven strong horses. The telescope was soon mounted and in action. The Airy Disc was clearly seen and he made many critical observations and fine drawings.They spent a month there during which they spent a day climbing to the summit of Teide at . The scientific results were described in reports addressed to the Lord Commissioners of the Admiralty, the Royal Society, and the "Astronomical Observations made at the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh Vol XII 1863", which were widely acclaimed. <mask> <mask> was the pioneer of the modern practice of placing telescopes at high altitudes to enjoy the best observing conditions. He wrote a popular account of the voyage in "Teneriffe, an astronomers Experiment". This was


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts:
 the first book ever illustrated by stereoscopic photographs ("photo-stereographs"). It included 20 stereoviews of Teneriffe taken by the author using the wet collodion process. A stereoscope could be purchased which allowed the pictures to be viewed in 3-D without removing them from the book.In 1871 and 1872 Smyth investigated the spectra of the aurora, and zodiacal light. He recommended the use of the rain-band for weather forecasting and discovered, in conjunction with Alexander Stewart Herschel, the harmonic relation between the rays emitted by carbon monoxide. In 1877–1878 he constructed at Lisbon a map of the solar spectrum for which he received the Makdougall Brisbane Prize in 1880. Smyth carried out further spectroscopic researches at Madeira in 1880 and at Winchester in 1884. In 1888 Smyth resigned as Astronomer Royal in protest at the chronic under-funding and age of his equipment. This brought events to a head and the Royal Observatory was almost closed when James Lindsay, Earl of Crawford made a donation of new astronomical instruments and the complete Bibliotheca Lindesiana in order that a new observatory could be founded. Thanks to this donation, the new Royal Observatory on Blackford Hill was opened in 1896.After his resignation, <mask> retired to the neighbourhood of Ripon, where he remained until his death. Pyramidological researches

Smyth corresponded with pyramid theorist John Taylor and was heavily influenced by him. Taylor theorized in his 1859 book The Great Pyramid: Why Was It Built? & Who Built It? that the Great Pyramid was planned and the building supervised by the biblical Noah. Refused a grant by the Royal Society, <mask> went on an expedition to

masks: Smyth Smyth


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts: Egypt in order to accurately measure every surface, dimension, and aspect of the Great Pyramid. He brought along equipment to measure the dimensions of the stones, the precise angle of sections such as the descending passage, and a specially designed camera to photograph both the interior and exterior of the pyramid.He also used other instruments to make astronomical calculations and determine the pyramid's accurate latitude and longitude. <mask> subsequently published his book Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid in 1864 (which he expanded over the years and is also titled The Great Pyramid: Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed). Smyth claimed that the measurements he obtained from the Great Pyramid of Giza indicated a unit of length, the pyramid inch, equivalent to 1.001 British inches, that could have been the standard of measurement by the pyramid's architects. From this he extrapolated a number of other measurements, including the pyramid pint, the sacred cubit, and the pyramid scale of temperature. Smyth claimed that the pyramid inch was a God-given measure handed down through the centuries from the time of Shem (Noah's Son), and that the architects of the pyramid could only have been directed by the hand of God. To support this Smyth said that, in measuring the pyramid, he found the number of inches in the perimeter of the base equalled one hundred times the number of days in a year, and found a numeric relationship between the height of the pyramid in inches to the distance from Earth to the Sun, measured in statute miles. He also advanced the theory that the Great Pyramid was a repository of prophecies which could be revealed by detailed measurements of the


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts:
 structure.Working upon theories by Taylor, he conjectured that the Hyksos were the Hebrew people, and that they built the Great Pyramid under the leadership of Melchizedek. Because the pyramid inch was a divine unit of measurement, <mask>, a committed proponent of British Israelism, used his conclusions as an argument against the introduction of the metric system in Britain. For much of his life he was a vocal opponent of the metric system, which he considered a product of the minds of atheistic French radicals, a position advocated in many of his works. <mask>, despite his bad reputation in Egyptological circles today, performed much valuable work at Giza. He made the most accurate measurements of the Great Pyramid that any explorer had made up to that time, and he photographed the interior passages, using a magnesium light, for the first time. <mask>'s work resulted in many drawings and calculations, which were soon incorporated into his books Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid, the three-volume Life and Work at the Great Pyramid (1867), and On the Antiquity of Intellectual Man (1868). For his works he was awarded the Keith gold medal for 1865–67 by the Royal Society of Edinburgh, but in 1874, the Royal Society of London rejected his paper on the design of Khufu's pyramid, as they had Taylor's.The rejection of his ideas helped contribute to his resignation from his post as Royal Astronomer in 1888. Influence of <mask>'s pyramid theories
<mask>'s theories on pyramid prophecy were then integrated into the works and prophecies of <mask> Russell (such as his Studies in the Scriptures), who founded the Bible Student movement (who adopted the name Jehovah's Witnesses in 1931,

masks:
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Smyth
Smyth
Smyth
Smyth
Charles Taze


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts: though Russell's successor, Joseph F. Rutherford, denounced pyramidology as unscriptural). <mask>'s proposed dates for the Second Coming, first 1882 then many dates between 1892 and 1911, were failed predictions. The theories of Taylor and Smyth gained many eminent supporters and detractors in the field of Egyptology during the late 1800s, but by the end of the 19th century it had lost most of its mainstream scientific support. The greatest blow to the theory was dealt by the great Egyptogist William Matthew Flinders Petrie, who had initially been a supporter. When Petrie went to Egypt in 1880 to perform new measurements, he found that the pyramid was several feet smaller than previously believed. This so undermined the theory that Petrie rejected it, writing:"The theories of the widths and heights of the passages are all connected, as the passages are all of the same section, or multiples of that.The entrance passage height has had a curiously complex theory attached to it supposing that the vertical and perpendicular heights are added together, their sum is 100 so-called "Pyramid inches". This at the angle of 26º 31' would require a perpendicular height of 47.27, the actual height being 47.24 ± .02. But in considering any theory of the height of this passage, it can not be separated from the similar passages, or from the most accurately wrought of all such heights, the course height of the King's Chamber. The passages vary from 46.2 to 48.6, and the mean course height is 47.040 ± .013. So although this theory agrees with one of the passages, it is evidently not the origin of this frequently recurring height; and it is the more unlikely as there is no authentic example, that


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts:
 will bear examination, of the use or existence of any such measure as a "Pyramid inch," or of a cubit of 25.025 British inches." Marriage, family, and death

In 1855 Smyth married Jessica "Jessie" Duncan (1812–1896), daughter of Thomas Duncan. Jessie Duncan was a geologist who had studied with Alexander Rose in Edinburgh, and travelled on geological expeditions to Ireland, France, Switzerland and Italy.Smyth's brothers were Warington <mask> and Henry Augustus <mask>. His sisters were Henrietta Grace <mask>, who married Reverend Baden Powell and was mother of Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell (founder of the world Scouting Movement), Georgiana Rosetta <mask>, who married William Henry Flower; and Ellen Philadelphia <mask>, who married Captain Henry Toynbee of the HEIC. Smyth died in 1900 and was buried at St. John's Church in the village of Sharow near Ripon. A small stone pyramid-shaped monument, topped by a Christian cross, marks his gravesite. Honours
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1846, and served on its council for a number of years. In June 1857 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, but resigned in 1874. He was conferred with Honorary Membership of the Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland in 1859.The crater <mask> <mask> on the moon is named after him. Bibliography

  Full text available from Google Books

  Reprinted in many editions by many publishers, often entitled The Great Pyramid: Its Secrets and Mysteries Revealed. Full text available on the Internet Archive
   Full text available from Google Books
   Full text available from Google Books

See also
 Geographical centre of Earth

References

Critical

masks:
Wilkinson Smyth
Smyth
Smyth
Smyth
Smyth
Piazzi
Smyth


title: Charles Piazzi Smyth

texts:
 comments on some of <mask>'s books, by Olin J. Eggen (1955). External links

 "<mask>zi Smythe" at History of Astronomy in South Africa

 Pyramidology – A Case of Science, Pseudo-science and Religion
 <mask> <mask>, Our Inheritance in the Great Pyramid (1877) Plate Index
 C. <mask> <mask>, <mask> Russell and the Great Pyramid of Gizeh
 Amazing Pyramid "Facts"
 B-P's Uncle: <mask> <mask>
 "<mask> Smith" at the Gazetteer for Scotland
 St. John's Church, Sharow: <mask> Smyth
 The Astronomical Society of Edinburgh: A Guide to Edinburgh's Popular Observatory
 Doomsday 1701–1970
 "<mask> <mask> – Teneriffe" at the George Eastman House Still Photograph Archive
 "The Sphinx and the Great Pyramid at Giza, 1865" photograph by Smyth
 The Royal Observatory, Edinburgh
 Astronomers Royal For Scotland: Summary of Archives

1819 births
1900 deaths
19th-century English writers
19th-century apocalypticists
19th-century writers on archaeological subjects
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
19th-century British astronomers
British Israelism
19th-century Neapolitan people
Fellows of the Royal Astronomical Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
People educated at Bedford School
Pyramidologists
Victorian

masks:
Smyth
Charles Piaz
Charles Piazzi
Smyth
Piazzi
Smyth
Charles Taze
Charles Piazzi
Smyth
Charles Piazzi
Charles Piazzi
Charles Piazzi
Smyth


title: François Adriaan van der Kemp

texts:
<mask> or <mask> (Kampen, 4 May 1752 – Barneveld, New York, 1829) was one of the Dutch radical leaders of the Patriots, a minister and publicist who gave the Patriot movement a Christian tint in his blazing speeches. Having been a promising student in Groningen, Franeker and Amsterdam, he led the local militia (exercitiegenootschap) in Wijk bij Duurstede and ended up in captivity. <mask> was released on 9 December 1787 for a ransom of 45,000 guilder and emigrated to the U.S.A.

Life
Adriaan was the son of an army officer, his mother was related to Willem Jacob 's Gravesande, a scientist. He grew up in Zutphen and Zwolle, but in 1766 the family moved to 's-Hertogenbosch. Adriaan studied at the local grammar school and moved to the University of Groningen to study Oriental languages and botany under Petrus Camper. <mask> was offered a role as a civil servant in Elmina, now in Ghana, but did not go. Instead he went over to the Mennonites and studied theology in Amsterdam with Abraham Staal and Wybo Fijnje.<mask> <mask> refused an appointment in Goes and Makkum, but accepted one at Westzaan. In 1775 he moved to Leiden. From the pulpit <mask> <mask> proclaimed: "In America the Sun of Salvation has risen, which will also cast its rays upon us if we so wish: only America can teach us how to counter the degeneration of the national character, to curb the corruption of morals, to ward off bribery, to suffocate the seeds of tyranny and to restore to health our dying freedom. The supreme Being has ordained that America shall be Holland's last preacher of repentance". It is said <mask> <mask> was the author or ghostwriter of the "libel" "To the People of the

masks:
François Adriaan van der Kemp
Francis Adrian Vanderkemp
Van der Kemp
Van der Kemp
Van der
Kemp
Van der
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Van der
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title: François Adriaan van der Kemp

texts:
 Netherlands". Simon Schama notes he was the distributor of the pamphlet. <mask> <mask> wrote a series of anti-bailiff or droste pamphlets for Joan Derk <mask> Capellen tot den Pol under different pseudonyms.<mask> <mask> and <mask> Capellen argued that these feudal rights were arbitrarily applied and even unlawful, thus bringing them into conflict with the drosten and the Prince of Orange, who derived the rights of his noble position from such things. In 1782, he married Reinira Engelbartha Johanna Vos, a daughter of a mayor of Nijmegen. They were the parents of three children: John Jacob <mask> (1783-1855), Cuneira Englebertha <mask> (1785–1865) and Peter A. A. T<mask> (1789–1857). In 1783 <mask> <mask> moved to Wijk bij Duurstede and became the leader of the local patriots. The arrest of Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia at the end of June 1787 demanded a response, and so <mask> <mask> and <mask> de Nijs were taken prisoner on 5 July, near Wijk bij Duurstede by a regiment of soldiers from Baden-Durlach and taken to Amersfoort. After his release he emigrated to America.In his baggage was a portrait of <mask> Capellen. <mask> <mask> published <mask> Capellen's collected works in six parts and also contained, next to all <mask> Capellen's reasonings, official documents that had not been intended for actual publication. <mask> <mask> as immigrant
In 1788 <mask> <mask> arrived in New York. He bought a farm in Ulster County, New York in 1789, not far from Kingston and from 1777 the capital of New York. He had a house, a shed, a chicken coop, and a few slaves". In 1795, he was the founder of the Agricultural Society for the Western District of New York. <mask>

masks:
Van der
Kemp
van der
Van der
Kemp
van der
Vanderkemp
Vanderkemp
. Vanderkemp
Van der
Kemp
Van der
Kemp
Adriaan
Van der
Van der
Kemp
Van der
Van der
Van der
Kemp
Van der
Kemp
Van der


title: François Adriaan van der Kemp

texts: <mask> was linked to and visited in Kempwick by various Founding Fathers: John Adams, with whom he had an extensive and fascinating correspondence, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and <mask>.Mrs DeWitt Clinton, Hamilton and Tappan were all able to speak Dutch with his wife. He shared George Washington's interest in scientific agriculture after a visit to Mount Vernon. <mask>  <mask> withdrew from political life and threw himself into a new project at 'Nieuw Rotterdam', now called Constantia, in Oswego County. Constantia had a fantastic location and a fine nature, and there was sufficient game for hunting and fish in the lake. Also Marc Isambard Brunel lived in the neighborhood. However, the bears and Native Americans were never far away, and his friend Adam Gerard Mappa lived at a day's travel away. <mask> <mask> moved his family to Barneveld, now called Trenton.His house in Constantia was converted into a school. The Holland Land Company, that had taken into its service Gerrit Boon from Rotterdam, had meanwhile set up a proper village, planted ahorns and had a sugar mill built. On the national scene, <mask> <mask>'s opinions influenced many of the great leaders of America. John Adams credited him with a "vast view of civilization" and respected his advice. His warm friendship with John and Abigail Adams endured till their deaths, and John Quincy Adams continued the relationship. He persuaded Thomas Jefferson to anonymously publish his religious work a "Syllabus of an estimate of the doctrines of Jesus compared with those of others". He was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1805 and a Fellow of the American

masks:
Kemp
Alexander Hamilton
Van der
Kemp
Van der
Kemp
Van der
Kemp


title: François Adriaan van der Kemp

texts:
 Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1807.<mask> <mask> and Mappa wrote in an early stage (1807?) about digging a canal between Albany and Buffalo, the work on the Erie Canal started in 1817. The state received  from Holland Land Company. The governor of the state of New York, Dewitt Clinton, named him the most scholarly man in the U.S.A. In 1820 he received an honorary degree from Harvard University, and was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1822. <mask> <mask> started to translate the 17th century records in English, but his translation in the New York State Library went up in smoke in 1911. <mask> <mask> began to write his autobiography, but died of cholera on September 7, 1829 at the age 77 and is buried in the Olden Barneveldt cemetery Trenton, N.Y. Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts received his library.Sources

External links
 An autobiography, together with extracts from his correspondence; (1903)
 Letter from George Washington to <mask> <mask> <mask>
 HSP.org

1752 births
1829 deaths
People from Kampen, Overijssel
Dutch emigrants to the United States
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Members of the Dutch Patriots faction
People from Trenton, New York
Members of the American Antiquarian

masks:
Van der
Kemp
Van der
Kemp
Van der
Kemp
Francis Adriaan
van der
Kemp


title: Publius Quinctilius Varus

texts:
<mask>s (46 BC – AD 9) was a Roman general and politician under the first Roman emperor Augustus. Varus is generally remembered for having lost three Roman legions when ambushed by Germanic tribes led by Arminius in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest, whereupon he took his own life. Background and early career
Although he was a patrician by birth, his family, the Quinctilii Vari, had long been impoverished and was unimportant; Ronald Syme notes, "The sole and last consul of that family", Sextus Quinctilius, "had been two years antecedent to the Decemvirs" (i.e. 453 BC). His father, Sextus Quinctilius Varus, was a senator who had served as a quaestor in 49 BC. This Sextus aligned with the Senatorial Party in the civil war against Julius Caesar. Although Sextus survived the defeat, it is unknown whether he was involved in the assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar.Sextus committed suicide after the Battle of Philippi in 42 BC. The mother of Varus is unknown; Syme notes that "no relatives on either side of the family can be discovered or surmised." Varus had three sisters, all named Quinctilia. They were probably all younger based on when they started having children, so it seems likely he was born at least four years before his father's suicide. The fact that they had advantageous marriages indicates someone was involved in their upbringing. One sister married Publius Cornelius Dolabella, consul of 35 BC; another married Sextus Appuleius, consul of 29 BC; and the third married Lucius Nonius Asprenas, son of the consul of 36 BC. Despite Varus’ father's political


title: Publius Quinctilius Varus

texts:
 allegiances, he became a supporter of Julius Caesar's heir, Octavian.When Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa died in early 12 BC, Varus delivered his funeral eulogy alongside the future emperor, Tiberius. His political career was boosted and he achieved the consulate in 13 BC, when he was elected as the colleague of Tiberius, the stepson and eventual successor of Augustus. Marriages and children
Varus married Vipsania, daughter of Agrippa, at an unknown date before 13 BC. Varus became a personal friend to Marcus Agrippa and Tiberius. The historian Josephus says (in a section of his Antiquities whose manuscript tradition Walther John believed to be corrupt) that the son of Varus, also named "<mask> Quinctilius Varus", served under him during his command in Syria. If true, that son would have to be a son by a prior marriage and not the son by his last wife, Claudia Pulchra. It is possible that this son might have instead been an older son, Sextus Nonius Quinctilianus, who might have ended up adopted by his sister's husband after Varus and Vipsania died.That would explain why a son of Lucius Nonius Asprenas was named Quinctilianus, which implied adoption. Vipsania disappears from history. It is unknown whether she died or was divorced. Varus then married Claudia Pulchra. She was a daughter of Claudia Marcella Minor and the Roman consul of 12 BC, Marcus Valerius Messalla Appianus. Her maternal grandmother was Octavia the Younger, sister of Augustus. Hence she was a grand-niece of Augustus.His marriage to Pulchra shows that Varus still enjoyed political favor. Pulchra bore Varus


title: Publius Quinctilius Varus

texts:
 a son, also called <mask> Quinctilius Varus. Through their son, they may have had further descendants. Political career

In 8–7 BC, Varus governed the province of Africa. Later he went to govern Syria from 7/6 BC until 4 BC with four legions under his command, where he was known for his harsh rule and high taxes. The Jewish historian Josephus mentions the swift action of Varus against a messianic revolt in Judaea after the death of the Roman client king, Herod the Great, in 4 BC. After occupying Jerusalem, he crucified 2000 Jewish rebels and may have thus been one of the prime objects of popular anti-Roman sentiment in Judaea (Josephus, who made every effort to reconcile the Jewish people to Roman rule, felt it necessary to point out how lenient this judicial massacre had been).Indeed, at precisely this moment the Jews, nearly en masse, began a full-scale boycott of Roman pottery (Red Slip Ware). Thus, the archaeological record seems to verify mass popular protest against Rome because of Varus' cruelty. Following the massacre in Judaea, Varus returned to Antioch. Between 10 BC and 6 AD Tiberius, his brother Drusus, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, and Germanicus conducted long campaigns in Germania, the area north of the Upper Danube and east of the Rhine, in an attempt at achieving a further major expansion of the Roman Empire together with a shortening of its frontier line. They subdued several Germanic tribes, such as the Cherusci. In 6 AD, Tiberius declared Germany pacified, and Varus was appointed to govern Germania. Tiberius, who would later rule as Emperor, left


title: Publius Quinctilius Varus

texts:
 the region to suppress the Great Illyrian Revolt.Augustus made <mask> Quinctilius Varus the first "officially appointed" governor of the newly created Roman province of Germania in 7 AD. Battle of the Teutoburg Forest and death

In September 9 AD Varus was preparing to leave his summer headquarters in Vetera (today Xanten) and march three legions – the Seventeenth, the Eighteenth and the Nineteenth – with him to Moguntiacum (modern-day Mainz), when news arrived from the Germanic prince Arminius (a Roman citizen and leader of an auxiliary cavalry unit) of a growing revolt in the Rhine area to the West. Ignoring a warning from Segestes not to trust Arminius, Varus marched his forces behind the latter's lead. Not only was Varus' trust in Arminius a terrible misjudgement, but Varus compounded it by placing his legions in a position where their fighting strengths would be minimized and those of the Germanic tribesmen maximized – because he expected no ambush and very little trouble in intimidating the rebels. Arminius and the Cherusci tribe along with other allies, had skillfully laid an ambush, and in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in September at Kalkriese (East of modern Osnabrück), the Romans marched right into it. The heavily forested, swampy terrain made the infantry manoeuvres of the legions impossible to execute and allowed the Germans to defeat the legions in detail. On the third day of fighting, the Germans overwhelmed the Romans at Kalkriese Hill, north of Osnabrück.Accounts of the defeat are scarce, due to the totality of the defeat, but Velleius


title: Publius Quinctilius Varus

texts:
 Much of the legion's culture and structure sources from Roman history and general Varus's life. Schlammschlacht (2015) by Heilung, track four on their first album Ofnir.The poem describes the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest from the Cherusci point of view. <mask> is played by Gaetano Aronica in the Netflix series Barbarians. References

Sources

 J. R. Abdale, Four days in September: The Battle of Teutoburg (Google eBook), Trafford Publishing, 2013
 M. Lightman & B. Lightman, A to Z of Ancient Greek and Roman Women, Infobase Publishing, 2008
 R. Seager, Tiberius (Google eBook), John Wiley & Sons, 2008
Rome's Greatest Defeat: Massacre in the Teutoburg Forest (Hardcover) by Adrian Murdoch, Hardcover: 256 pages, Publisher: Sutton Publishing (June 14, 2006), ,
 B. Severy, Augustus and the Family at the Birth of the Roman Empire, Routledge, 2004
The Battle That Stopped Rome: Emperor Augustus, Arminius, and the Slaughter of the Legions in the Teutoburg Forest  by Peter S. Wells, W. W. Norton & Company, October 2003, ,
A Roman Encyclopedia by Matthew Bunson, 1995 Oxford Paperback Reference
 R. Syme, The Augustan Aristocracy, Oxford University Press, 1989
Compendium of Roman History (Res gestae divi Augusti) by Velleius Paterculus, Harvard University Press; 1924. Brief mention of the Varus Disaster by the author, who was serving as a staff officer with Tiberius in Pannonia at the time. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon, Modern Library
Annals by Tacitus (various editions). Summarizes reports of later Romans who found the battlefield. The Twelve


title: Peter Düttmann

texts:
<mask>Bonifazius<mask> (23 May 1923 – 9 January 2001) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator and fighter ace during World War II. He is credited with 152 aerial victories achieved in 398 combat missions, all of which claimed on the Eastern Front. Born in Gießen, <mask> grew up in the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. In 1940, he joined the military service of the Luftwaffe where he was trained as a fighter pilot. Following flight training, he was posted to Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) in May 1943. Flying with this wing, <mask> claimed his first aerial victory on 21 May 1943 over a Soviet Air Forces fighter aircraft. Following his 91st aerial victory he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944.He claimed his 100th aerial victory on 25 September and was appointed squadron leader of 5. Staffel (5th squadron) of JG 52 in December. He led this squadron until the end of World War II. <mask> died on 9 January 2001 in Echterdingen. Early life and career
<mask> was born on 23 May 1923 in Gießen, at the time in People's State of Hesse in the Weimar Republic. His father was surgeon Dr. <mask>. Following flight training, <mask> was transferred to the Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost (Supplementary Fighter Group East) in southern France.In February 1943, <mask> and other flight students of Ergänzungs-Jagdgruppe Ost under the leadership of Oberleutnant Walter Krupinski were based at La Leu Airfield near La Rochelle, France. There, <mask> flew the Arado Ar 96. On some of his flights, he was joined by members of the Kriegsmarine U-boat force who were made aware how easily a surfaced U-boat could be spotted from the air. World War II
Following completion of flight and fighter pilot training, <mask> joined 5. Staffel (5th squadron), Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52—52nd Fighter Wing) on 7 May 1943. At the time, this squadron led by

masks:
Peter "
" Düttmann
Düttmann
Düttmann
Düttmann
Düttmann
Erich Düttmann
Düttmann
Düttmann
Düttmann
Düttmann


title: Peter Düttmann

texts: Leutnant Helmut Haberda who was killed in action on 8 May. Command of 5.Staffel was then temporarily given to Leutnant Josef Zwernemann who passed on command to Oberleutnant Wilhelm Batz on 26 May. The squadron was subordinated to II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 52 under the command of Hauptmann Helmut Kühle. II. Gruppe was based at Anapa and was fighting in the Battle of the Caucasus on the Eastern Front. <mask> served with the same unit until the end of the war and soon became one of their most successful pilots, flying with Heinz Ewald and Heinz Sachsenberg. He claimed his first aerial victory on 21 May 1943 over a Polikarpov Po-2, also known as a U-2, in the vicinity of Krasnodar.He downed another 24 by the end of the year. On 11 July 1943, <mask> ditched his Bf 109 G-4 southeast of Anapa in the Black Sea after being hit by return fire form a formation of Douglas Boston medium bombers. In the early hours of 26 July, 15 Ilyushin Il-2 ground-attack aircraft, escorted by Yakovlev Yak-1 fighter aircraft, headed for German shipping off of Anapa. The Soviet flight was intercepted over sea and scattered. During this engagement, German pilots claimed ten aerial victories, five Il-2s and five Yak-1s, including an Il-2 and Yak-1 shot down by Düttmann. One of the aerial victories claimed by Düttmann was also 5. Staffels 500th aerial victory to date.Following aerial combat on 9 August 1943, he force landed his Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 19623—factory number) in no-man's land and was posted missing for 17 hours. On the 23 August 1943, his Bf 109 G-6 was again hit by anti-aircraft artillery resulting in a forced landing  west of Nikolajewka. On 23 January 1944, <mask>'s Bf 109 G-6 was damaged three times in combat. At 08:00, during takeoff at Baherove, his aircraft was hit in the engine by a strafing Il-2 ground-attack aircraft. Later at 09:03, his Bf 109 G-6

masks: Düttmann Düttmann Düttmann


title: Peter Düttmann

texts:
 was hit in aerial combat by a Bell P-39 Airacobra fighter aircraft resulting in a forced landing. At 14:45, his aircraft was hit by anti-aircraft artillery causing engine fire in flight. Nevertheless, he managed to return to his airfield and made a deadstick landing at Baherove.He scored a further 18 kills in March 1944, 22 in April and 14 in May 1944. <mask> became an "ace-in-a-day" for the first time on 11 April 1944 over the Kerch Peninsula. On 7 May 1944, he claimed nine aerial victories to take his score to 91. Suffering from combat fatigue he was sent on leave at the end of May and returned in September 1944. During this period, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross () on 9 June 1944. Retreat through Hungary
<mask> claimed his 100th aerial victory on 25 September 1944. He was the 92nd Luftwaffe pilot to achieve the century mark.On 1 November 1944, <mask>, flying Bf 109 G-6 (Werknummer 167238), was involved in a ground accident at Ferihegy Airfield, killing his wingman Unteroffizier Heinrich Wester. Low on fuel, Wester had landed his Bf 109 G-14 (Werknummer 782775) first, the engine seized due to lack of fuel, leaving him sitting on the runway. <mask>, who landed next, did not see Wester and crashed into his aircraft, killing him instantly. On the 13 November 1944, he was shot down by an Il-2 rear gunner and bailed out at 1000 feet, landing behind enemy lines, but managing to reach German lines. The same happened to him on the 3 March 1945 due to AA damage and he returned a day later. On 23 December 1944, <mask> was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 5. Staffel of JG 52.He replaced Hauptmann Heinrich Sturm who was killed in a flying accident the day before. On 1 March 1945, this squadron was renamed 6. Staffel of JG 52. On 24 April 1945, <mask> claimed the destruction of a M4 Sherman tank  southwest of Cham.

masks: Düttmann Düttmann Düttmann Düttmann Düttmann Düttmann


title: Peter Düttmann

texts:
 <mask> died on 9 January 2001. Summary of career

Aerial victory claims
According to Obermaier, <mask> was credited with 152 aerial victories claimed in 398 combat missions, 21 of which were ground support missions. Both Spick and Weal state that his total of aerial victories was 150 claimed in 398 combat missions, plus two tanks destroyed which were counted as additional victories.Matthews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 147 aerial victory claims, plus 45 further unconfirmed claims, including one North American P-51 Mustang. All of his confirmed victories were claimed on the Eastern Front. Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 34 Ost 96453". The Luftwaffe grid map () covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about . These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 × 4 km in size. Awards
 Pilot's Badge (12 February 1942)
 Iron Cross (1939)
 2nd Class (6 August 1943)
 1st Class (25 August 1943)
 Front Flying Clasp of the Luftwaffe for Fighter Pilots in Gold (17 August 1943)
 Honour Goblet of the Luftwaffe on 20 March 1944 as Feldwebel and pilot
 German Cross in Gold on 15 April 1944 as Fahnenjunker-Feldwebel in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52
 Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 9 June 1944 as Leutnant (war officer) and pilot in the 5./Jagdgeschwader 52

Dates of rank

Notes

Works

References

Citations

Bibliography

1923 births
2001 deaths
Luftwaffe pilots
German World War II flying aces
Recipients of the Gold German Cross
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
People from Giessen
People from the People's State

masks: Düttmann Düttmann


title: Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; 26 September 1759 – 4 October 1830) was a Prussian Generalfeldmarschall instrumental in the switching of the Kingdom of Prussia from a French alliance to a Russian alliance during the War of the Sixth Coalition. <mask>'s "Yorckscher Marsch" is named in his honor. The Field Marshal's surname is Yorck; Wartenburg is a battle-honour appended to the surname as a title of distinction (cf. Britain's Montgomery of Alamein). Background
Yorck's father, <mask>, was born in Rowe in the Prussian Province of Pomerania (now Rowy, Poland), to Jan Jarka, a Lutheran pastor, whose family came from a small manor in Gross Gustkow (hence the name von Gostkowski) and traced its origins from Pomeranian Kashubians. <mask> served as a captain (Hauptmann) in the Prussian Army under King Frederick the Great; Yorck's mother Maria Sophia Pflug was the daughter of a Potsdam artisan. Their son <mask> was born in Potsdam, however, the couple did not marry until 1763.<mask>'s father changed his name from Jark(a) to <mask> to make it look more English (York) and dropped the von Gostkowski. Career
<mask> entered the Prussian Army in 1772 and achieved the rank of lieutenant in 1777. After seven years' service, however, he was cashiered for insubordination, having reproached his superior with plundering methods during the War of the Bavarian Succession. In 1779, during the Guard Parade, Yorck expressed his contempt to his superior who behaved dishonorably during the war. He was sentenced verdict for the incident. He spent one year in the confinement of Fort Friedrichsburg in Königsberg, whereafter King Frederick the Great denied him his re-employment. Yorck left Prussia and joined the Swiss mercenaries in Dutch service in 1781.He took part in the operations of 1783-84 in the East Indies as captain at Regiment de Meuron. He also took part with the French army in a battle against

masks: Johann David Ludwig Graf Yorck von Warburg


title: Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg

texts: British troops in Cape Town. Returning to Potsdam in 1786 he was, on the death of Frederick the Great, finally reinstated in his old service by the new king Frederick William II, from 1792 in the rank of major. In 1794/95 he participated in the operations in Poland during the Kościuszko Uprising, distinguishing himself especially at Szczekociny. From 1799 <mask> began to make a name for himself as commander of a light infantry (Jäger) regiment, being one of the first to give prominence to the training of skirmishers. In 1805, then with the rank of Oberst, he was appointed to the command of an infantry brigade as a vanguard force of the troops of Duke Karl August of Saxe-Weimar during the War of the Fourth Coalition. In the disastrous Jena campaign he played a conspicuous and successful part as a rearguard commander, especially at Altenzaun.Having made his way across the Elbe river and through the Harz mountains, he was taken prisoner, severely wounded, in the last stand of Blücher's corps at Lübeck. In the reorganization of the Prussian army which followed the 1807 Treaty of Tilsit, <mask> was one of the leading figures. At first major-general commanding the West Prussian brigade, afterwards inspector-general of light infantry, he was finally appointed second in command to General Grawert, the leader of the auxiliary corps which Prussia was compelled to send in support of Napoleon's invasion of Russia. The two generals did not agree, Grawert being an open partisan of the French alliance, and <mask> an ardent patriot, but before long Grawert retired, and <mask> assumed the command. Opposed in his advance on Riga by the Russian General Steingell, <mask> displayed great skill in a series of battles which ended in the retreat of the enemy to Riga. Throughout the campaign he had been the object of many overtures from the enemy's generals, and though he had hitherto

masks: Yorck Yorck Yorck Yorck Yorck


title: Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg

texts: rejected them, it was soon clear to him that the French Grand Army was doomed. Marshal MacDonald, his immediate French superior, retreated before the corps of Diebitsch, and Yorck found himself isolated.As a soldier his duty was to break through, but as a Prussian patriot his position was more difficult. He had to judge whether the moment was favorable for the war of liberation; and, whatever might be the enthusiasm of his junior staff officers, Yorck had no illusions as to the safety of his own head. On 20 December the general made up his mind. The Convention of Tauroggen armistice, signed by Diebitsch and <mask> without consent of their king, declared the Prussian corps "neutral". The news was received with the wildest enthusiasm, but the Prussian Court dared not yet throw off the mask, and an order was despatched suspending <mask> from his command pending a court-martial. Diebitsch refused to let the bearer pass through his lines, and the general was finally absolved when the Treaty of Kalisz placed Prussia on the side of the Allies. <mask>'s act was nothing less than the turning-point of Prussian history.His veterans formed the nucleus of the forces of East Prussia, and <mask> himself in public took the final step by declaring war on Napoleon as the commander of those forces. On 17 March 1813, <mask> made his entry into Berlin in the midst of the wildest exuberance of patriotic joy. On the same day the king declared war. During 1813-14 <mask> led his veterans with conspicuous success. He covered Blücher's retreat after Bautzen and took a decisive part in the battles on the Katzbach. In the advance on Leipzig his corps won the action of Wartenburg (3 October) and took part in the crowning victory in the Battle of the Nations of 18 October. In the campaign in France, Yorck drew off the shattered remnants of Osten-Sacken's corps at Montmirail, and decided the

masks: Yorck Yorck Yorck Yorck Yorck Yorck


title: Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg

texts:
 day at Laon.The storming of Paris was Yorck's last fight. In the campaign of 1815 none of the older men were employed in Blücher's army, in order that <mask> Gneisenau might be free to assume command in case of the old prince's death. Yorck was appointed to a reserve corps in Prussia, and, feeling that his services were no longer required, he retired from the army. His master would not accept his resignation for a considerable time, and in 1821 made him Generalfeldmarschall. He had been made Graf <mask> von Wartenburg in 1814. The remainder of his life was spent on his estate of Klein-Öls (today Oleśnica Mała, Poland) in Silesia, a gift of the king. A statue by Christian Daniel Rauch was erected in Yorck's honor in Berlin in 1855.The former football club Yorck Boyen Insterburg was also named in honor of Yorck. A 1931 film Yorck was made about him with Werner Krauss playing the General. Notable descendants
Yorck was the great-grandfather of the late-nineteenth-century philosopher <mask> von Wartenburg and the great-great-great-grandfather of <mask> <mask>, a member of the German resistance during the Nazi regime. See also
Berlin Yorckstraße station

Notes

References

Further reading
F. W<mask> Seydlitz: Tagebuch des Preussischen Armee Korps 1812. Berlin, 1823. J. G. Droysen: Das Leben des Feldmarschalls Grafen York von Wartenburg. Berlin, 1851 (later eds.were published under the title: York von Wartenburg: ein Leben preußischer Pflichterfüllung, most recently: Essen: Phaidon-Verlag, 1996 . 1759 births
1830 deaths
Counts of Germany
Field marshals of Prussia
German commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
Prussian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
People from Potsdam
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
Ludwig
Recipients of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Second

masks:
August von
Yorck
Paul Yorck
Peter Yorck
von Warburg
. von


title: Grim Sleeper

texts:
Lonnie David Franklin Jr. (August 30, 1952 – March 28, 2020), better known by the nickname <mask>er, was an American serial killer who was responsible for at least 10 murders and one attempted murder in Los Angeles, California from 1984 to 2007. He was also convicted for rape and sexual violence. Franklin earned his nickname when he appeared to have taken a 14-year break from his crimes, from 1988 to 2002. In July 2010, Franklin was arrested as a suspect, and, after many delays, his trial began in February 2016. On May 5, 2016, the jury convicted him of killing nine women and one teenage girl. On June 6, 2016, the jury recommended the death penalty, and on August 10, 2016, the Los Angeles Superior Court sentenced him to death for each of the ten victims named in the verdict. On March 28, 2020, Franklin was found dead in his cell at San Quentin State Prison.Personal life
Lonnie David Franklin Jr. was born on August 30, 1952. He grew up in South Central Los Angeles, California. He married and had two children. He was given a dishonorable discharge from the United States Army on July 24, 1975, after being released from prison for his conviction of gang-raping a 17-year-old girl in Stuttgart, West Germany, in April 1974. Franklin and two other servicemen stationed in Stuttgart stopped to ask directions from the teen then offered her a ride home. When she accepted, they put a knife to her throat, drove her to a field, and repeatedly raped her. She was able to feign interest in Franklin and asked for his phone number, by which police identified him.During the gang rape, photographs were taken by one of the rapists – as Franklin did later of the women he raped and murdered. In 1989, he was also convicted of two charges of theft, one charge


title: Grim Sleeper

texts:
 months of trial and a day and a half of jury deliberation, Franklin was convicted of all counts.His sentencing hearing began a week later, on May 12, 2016. At the hearing, prosecutors presented evidence relating to four other victims they believed had been killed by Franklin. The four victims were not among the original set identified by DNA and ballistic evidence as <mask> Sleeper victims, and had only been identified as such after his arrest. Three victims, Sharon Alicia Dismuke, Inez Warren, and Georgia Mae Thompson, were identified as likely <mask> Sleeper victims by task force officers investigating unsolved missing persons and homicide reports dating back to 1976. The fourth, Rolenia Morris, was identified from evidence found at Franklin's garage after his arrest. Her body has never been found. Prosecutors did not charge Franklin with these murders for fear of delaying the trial even further.On June 6, 2016, a Los Angeles County jury sentenced Franklin to death. On August 10 the Superior Court sentenced Franklin on each count, naming the individual victims. Victims
Prosecutors suspect that Lonnie Franklin's first victim was Sharon Alicia Dismuke, who was killed on January 15, 1984. His first confirmed victim was Debra Jackson, whose murder occurred in August 1985. Franklin apparently took a 14-year hiatus after his last known crime in 1988, and his next confirmed murder occurred in 2002. As a result of this apparent dormancy, he was nicknamed the "Grim Sleeper". Investigators have stated they believe it is likely that there were other as-yet-unidentified victims during that time frame.The last confirmed murder was in January 2007. All but one of his victims were black women. One of his suspected victims was a black man. Many of

masks: Grim Grim


title: Joel Feinberg

texts:
<mask> (October 19, 1926 in Detroit, Michigan – March 29, 2004 in Tucson, Arizona) was an American political and legal philosopher. He is known for his work in the fields of ethics, action theory, philosophy of law, and political philosophy as well as individual rights and the authority of the state. <mask> was one of the most influential figures in American jurisprudence of the last fifty years.<ref>Jeff Harrison, 'In Memoriam: <mask>, University of Arizona News, March 31, 2004</ref>

Education and career

<mask> studied at the University of Michigan, writing his dissertation on the philosophy of the Harvard professor Ralph Barton Perry under the supervision of Charles Stevenson. He taught at Brown University, Princeton University, UCLA and Rockefeller University, and, from 1977, at the University of Arizona, where he retired in 1994 as Regents Professor of Philosophy and Law. <mask> was internationally distinguished for his research in moral, social and legal philosophy. His major four-volume work, The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, was published between 1984 and 1988. He fathered a son Nurdaulet shortly after writing it.<mask> held many major fellowships during his career and lectured by invitation at universities around the world. He was an esteemed and highly successful teacher, and many of his students are now prominent scholars and professors at universities across the US. His former students include Jules Coleman, Russ Shafer-Landau, and Clark Wolf. Philosophical work

The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law

<mask>'s most important contribution to legal philosophy is his

masks:
Joel Feinberg
Feinberg
Joel Feinberg
Feinberg
Feinberg
Feinberg
Feinberg


title: Joel Feinberg

texts:
 four-volume book, The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law (1984-1988), a work that is frequently characterized as "magisterial." <mask>'s goal in the book is to answer the question: What sorts of conduct may the state rightly make criminal? John Stuart Mill, in On Liberty (1859), gives a staunchly liberal answer, that the only kind of conduct that the state may rightly criminalize is conduct that causes harm to others. Though <mask>, who had read and re-read Mill's classic text many times, shared Mill's liberal leanings, he postulated that liberals can and should admit that certain kinds of non-harmful but profoundly offensive conduct can also properly be prohibited by law.In The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, <mask> sought to develop and defend a broadly Millian view of the limits of state power over the individual. In the process, he defended standard liberal positions on topics such as suicide, obscenity, pornography, hate speech, and euthanasia. He also analyzed nonmaterial concepts such as harm, offense, wrong, autonomy, responsibility, paternalism, coercion, and exploitation, conceding in the conclusion to the final volume that liberalism may not be fully defensible and that liberals ought to concede that there are rare cases where certain kinds of moral harms and harmless immoralities should be outlawed. A ride on the bus

In Offense to Others, the second volume of The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, Feinberg offers one of the most famous thought-experiments in recent philosophy: a series of imaginary scenarios he calls "a ride on the bus." <mask> invites us to imagine a

masks: Feinberg Feinberg Feinberg Feinberg


title: Joel Feinberg

texts:
 bus ride in which you, a passenger rushing to an important appointment, are confronted by a series of deeply offensive but harmless acts. Some of the acts involve affronts to the senses (e.g., a man scratching his fingernails across a slate). Others involve acts that are deeply disgusting or revolting (e.g., eating various kinds of nauseatingly repulsive things).Still others involve affronts to our religious, moral, or patriotic sensibilities (e.g., overt acts of flag desecration); shocks to our sense of shame or embarrassment (such as acts of public sex); and a wide range of offensive conduct based on fear, anger, humiliation, boredom or frustration. The thought experiment is designed to test the limits of our tolerance for harmless but deeply offensive forms of behavior. More precisely, it raises the question "whether there are any human experiences that are harmless in themselves yet so unpleasant that we can rightly demand legal protection from them even at the cost of other persons' liberties." <mask> argues that even left-leaning, highly tolerant liberals must recognize that some forms of harmless but profoundly offensive conduct can properly be criminalized. "Psychological Egoism"
In a paper prepared in 1958 for the benefit of students at Brown, <mask> seeks to refute the philosophical theory of psychological egoism, which in his opinion is fallacious. So far as he can tell, there are four primary arguments for it:

"Every action of mine is prompted by motives or desires or impulses which are my motives and not somebody else's." "[W]hen a person gets what he wants, he

masks: Feinberg Feinberg


title: Joel Feinberg

texts: notice that moral education and the inculcation of manners usually utilise what Bentham calls the 'sanctions of pleasure and pain.' Children are made to acquire the civilising virtues only by the method of enticing rewards and painful punishments.Much the same is true of the history of the race. People in general have been inclined to behave well only when it is made plain to them that there is 'something in it for them.' Is it not then highly probable that just such a mechanism of human motivation as Bentham describes must be presupposed by our methods of moral education?" <mask> observes that such arguments for psychological egoism are rarely mounted on the basis of empirical proof when, being psychological, they very well ought to. The opening argument he dubs a tautology from which "nothing whatever concerning the nature of my motives or the objective of my desires can possibly follow [...]. It is not the genesis of an action or the origin of its motives which makes it a 'selfish' one, but rather the 'purpose' of the act or the objective of its motives; not where the motive comes from (in voluntary actions it always comes from the agent) but what it aims at determines whether or not it is selfish." Similarly flawed in <mask>'s opinion is the second argument.Just because all successful endeavour engenders pleasure does not necessarily entail that pleasure is the sole objective of all endeavour. He uses William James's analogy to illustrate this fallacy: although an ocean liner always consumes coal on its trans-Atlantic voyages, it is unlikely that the sole purpose of these


title: Joel Feinberg

texts:
 voyages is coal consumption. The third argument, unlike the first two, contains no non sequitur that <mask> can see. He nevertheless adjudges that such a sweeping generalisation is unlikely to be true. In the final argument, <mask> sees a paradox. The only way to achieve happiness, he believes, is to forget about it, but psychological egoists hold that all human endeavour, even that which achieves happiness, is geared towards happiness. <mask> poses a thought experiment in which a character named Jones is apathetic about all but the pursuit of his own happiness.Because he has no means to achieve that end, however, "[i]t takes little imagination [...] to see that Jones's one desire is bound to be frustrated." To pursue only happiness, then, is to fail utterly to achieve it. "The Rights of Animals and Future Generations"
In a 1974 paper, <mask> addresses the possibility of legal rights for animals and future generations. He begins by analyzing rights as "claims to something and against someone" which are recognized by legal rules. For instance, a worker's legal right to a living wage is a claim to some amount of money and against an employer. Having clarified the nature of rights, <mask> seeks to answer the question: What sort of entities can bear rights? <mask> adopts an interest theory of rights, according to which a right can be had by any entity with interests.In formulaic terms, some entity S can have some right R if and only if R protects some interest of S's. Interests here are defined as products of mental states such as desires, beliefs, wants, plans, urges, and so on. On

masks: Feinberg Feinberg Feinberg Feinberg Feinberg Feinberg


title: Joel Feinberg

texts:
 this account, contrary to other theorists who adopt a will theory of rights, animals can be legitimately given rights. The question, then, is whether they ought to be given rights. In other words, given that some entity S can have some right R, is it the case that the interests which R functions to protect morally ought to be protected? <mask> argues that our commonsense moral duties concerning animals are really duties towards animals (i.e., they are duties for the sake of the animals, not for the sake of some indirect effects), and so justice demands that animal interests be protected by rights. <mask> spends the rest of the paper applying his interest theory to other entities, including plants, species, corporations, severely mentally disabled humans, dead humans, fetuses, and future generations.He argues that:

 Plants cannot have rights, since they cannot be properly said to have interests. One might think that claims such as "Water is good for a plant" and "A plant needs sunshine" imply the existence of plant interests, but <mask> maintains that this (and other errors) are due to linguistic confusions. He analyzes the claims that "X is good for A" or that "A needs X," highlighting an ambiguity between two possible meanings:
 X helps A to achieve some goal, or to carry out some function (e.g., oil is good for a car, and a plant needs oil, only in the sense that oil helps a car to perform as desired). X benefits A, and an absence of X harms A (e.g., food is good for a dog, and a dog needs food). Feinberg maintains that only the second interpretation makes sense for our claims

masks: Feinberg Feinberg Feinberg


title: Joel Feinberg

texts: about plants, since morally relevant benefits and harms require mental states such as desires, plans, goals, dreams, and so on. Likewise, Feinberg denies the possibility of rights for species as such , since there is no entity called "the species" which has the mental states necessary for legitimate interests. This suggests that any laws affecting a species must be grounded in the interests of individual species members, in the interests of humans (who may have some aesthetic preference for the species), or in the interests of future generations (who may benefit from the preservation of the species).On the other hand, <mask> claims that the notion of rights for corporations, countries, and other similar entities is entirely legitimate, since we can ground these in the interests of real people acting in their official capacities. Severely mentally disabled humans may or may not be legitimate right-holders, depending on the severity of their conditions. So long as they have the mental states necessary for the attribution of legitimate interests, then they may have rights. Dead humans may not have rights since they lack any mental capacities, and so a fortiori lack the mental capacities necessary for interests. Feinberg thus grounds any laws regulating our actions with respect to the dead (such as acts of defamation) in one of two places: (i) they may be grounded in the interests of the dead person's surviving friends and family, or (ii) they may be grounded in the future-oriented interests that the now dead person possessed prior to death. Thus <mask> maintains that interests may be


title: Joel Feinberg

texts:
 temporally extended, and so one's rights can still be operative even once one has deceased. Similarly, Feinberg argues that interests may be intertemporal in the reverse direction.That is, he maintains that beings who have not yet been born can have rights grounded in the interests they will come to hold in the future once they are born. Importantly, however, this constrains the possibility of fetus rights to rights concerning quality of life, ruling out a right to be born, since (i) rights can only be granted to a fetus on the basis of the interests they will come to hold in the future once they are born, and (ii) these interests only exist contingent on the fetus being born. Thus a right to be born would seek to secure the very thing which is required for the notion of rights to apply—a circularity. Finally, <mask> addresses the possibility of rights for future generations. By parity with the case of fetuses, the possibility of intertemporal interests can ground the existence of rights for future generations even though they have not yet come into existence. Bibliography
 Reason and Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy. Cengage Learning, 1965.Doing and Deserving: Essays in the Theory of Responsibility. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1970. "The Rights of Animals and Future Generations". In William Blackstone (ed. ), Philosophy and Environmental Crisis. Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 1974. .
 Rights, Justice, and the Bounds of Liberty: Essays in Social Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.The Moral Limits of the


title: Joel Feinberg

texts:
 Criminal Law. Vol. 1, Harm to Others. New York: Oxford University Press, 1984. The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. Vol. 2, Offense to Others.New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. Vol. 3, Harm to Self. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. Vol.4, Harmless Wrongdoing. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Freedom and Fulfillment: Philosophical Essays. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. Problems at the Roots of Law: Essays in Legal and Political Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. See also
American philosophy
List of American philosophers

Notes

References
Duncan-Jones, Austin.Butler's Moral Philosophy. London: Penguin, 1952. <mask>, <mask>. "Psychological Egoism." In Reason & Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy, edited by <mask> and Russ Shafer-Landau, 520-532. California: Thomson Wadsworth, 2008. Garvin, Lucius F. C. A Modern Introduction to Ethics''.Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1953. External links
[http://works.bepress.com/bryan_druzin/6/ Bryan Druzin, and Jessica Li, The Criminalization of Lying: Under what Circumstances, if any, should Lies be made Criminal?, 101 JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY (Northwestern University) (forthcoming 2011). 1926 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American philosophers
American animal rights scholars
American political philosophers
Brown University faculty
People from Detroit
Philosophers of law
Princeton University faculty
Social philosophers
Thought experiments in ethics
University of Michigan

masks:
Feinberg
Joel
Joel Feinberg


title: H. G. Adler

texts:
<mask> (2 July 1910, in Prague – 21 August 1988, in London) was a German language poet, novelist, scholar, and Holocaust survivor. Life
Born in Prague, Bohemia to Emil and <mask>, <mask> was a Jew, though not devout. After his graduation in 1935 from Charles University, where he studied music and literature, arts and sciences, he worked as a secretary and teacher at the Urania, a pedagogical institute. This also involved him in some radio broadcasting. In 1941 he was sent to a Jewish labour camp where he worked until shortly before his deportation  to Theresienstadt with his family on February 8, 1942. <mask> was to spend two and a half years in Theresienstadt with his family before being deported to Auschwitz. At Theresienstadt, <mask> avoided doing work that might implicate him in the running of the ghetto and did only manual work, such as room duty and building.His wife, who was a medical doctor and chemist, led the medical central bureau. On Oct 14, 1944 he arrived with his wife and her mother at Auschwitz. Both women were put in the gas chambers that day. <mask> could have survived, but refused to leave her mother. <mask> was to lose his mother and father and sixteen members of his family to the Holocaust. On October 28, 1944, <mask> was deported to Niederoschel, a subdivision of Buchenwald, and in 1945, to Langenstein, another subdivision of Buchenwald. On April 13, 1945 he was free.From July and December of that year he was near Prague, helping Przemysl Pitter to care for children who had survived the war, both Jewish and non-Jewish. From October 1945 until February 1947, <mask> worked in

masks:
Hans Günther Adler
Alice Adler
Hans Günther Adler
Adler
Adler
Gertrud
Adler
Adler
Adler


title: H. G. Adler

texts: the Jewish Museum in Prague, where he devoted himself chiefly to the building up of the archives about the times of persecution and the Theresienstadt camp. At this time he was also involved in accumulating the documents from the camp, possibly with the intention of bringing them to Palestine. Although some material was brought to Jerusalem, for the most part this project was not completed. He stopped using the name "<mask>" because it was the name of a leading official in the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Prague. In June 1946 he lost his Сzechoslovakian citizenship because of his German mother tongue. To escape the impending Communist takeover of Czechoslovakia, <mask> fled to London in February 1947, where he married a close friend from Prague, the sculptor Bettina <mask>, with whom he fathered his only child <mask>.He then became a freelance writer and scholar and went on to author 26 books on history, sociology and philosophy as well as poetry, and including several autobiographical works, notably nonfiction and fictional works on the Holocaust. Writing in the Financial Times, Simon Schama says that <mask>'s work deserves a place beside other twentieth century witnesses of the concentration camps such as Primo Levi and Solzhenitsyn. <mask>'s first major work was the study of the ghetto Theresienstadt, Theresienstadt 1941-1945. Das Antlitz einer Zwangsgemeinschaft  (Theresienstadt 1941-1945. The Face of an Enforced Community), first published in 1955 and in an enlarged edition in 1960. The book was an international success. As the first scholarly monograph devoted to a single camp

masks:
Hans Güher
Adler
Gross
Jeremy Adler
Adler
Adler


title: H. G. Adler

texts:
 it became one of the foundational works of Holocaust Studies.It is still the most detailed account of any single concentration camp. <mask>'s first fiction novel was Panorama (1968). Another novel was The Journey, described as "Holocaust modernism" in a 2009 review in the New York Times. Three of <mask>'s novels, The Journey, Panorama and The Wall, have been translated into English by Peter Filkins. An english translation of his monograph about Theresienstadt was published in 2017. Prizes
He received the Leo Baeck Prize in 1958, the Prix Charles Veillon in 1969 for Panorama; the Buber-Rosenzweig-Medal in 1974 and an honorary Ph.D. from the Pedagogical University of Berlin in 1980. <mask> died in London, England in 1988.Awards
 Leo Baeck Prize (1958)
 Charles Veillon Prize (Lausanne, 1969)
 Buber-Rosenzweig Medal (Berlin, 1974)
 Corresponding member of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts (1979)
 Honorary Doctor of the Pedagogical University of Berlin (1980)
 Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1985)
 Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art (1985)

Works
 Theresienstadt. 1941-1945. Das Antlitz einer Zwangsgemeinschaft, Geschichte Soziologie Psychologie. Tübingen: Mohr, 1955. (Theresienstadt: das Antlitz einer Zwangsgemeinschaft. Göttingen, Edition:reprint vom Wallstein Verlag, 926 Seiten. 2005. )Die verheimlichte Wahrheit. Theresienstädter Dokumente, 1958
Der Kampf gegen die „Endlösung der Judenfrage“, 1958
Die Juden in Deutschland. Von der Aufklärung bis zum Nationalsozialismus, 1960
Unser Georg und andere Erzählungen, 1961
Eine Reise, Roman, Bibliotheca

masks: Adler Adler Adler


title: H. G. Adler

texts:
 christiana, Bonn 1962; mit einem Nachwort von <mask>, Aufbau Taschenbuch Verlag, Berlin, 2002,
Der Fürst des Segens, 1964
Die Erfahrung der Ohnmacht, 1964
Sodoms Untergang, Bagatellen, 1965
Kontraste und Variationen, Essays, 1969
Ereignisse, Kleine Erzählungen und Novellen, 1969
Der verwaltete Mensch – Studien zur Deportation der Juden aus Deutschland, Mohr-Verlag, Tübingen, 1974,
Fenster, Gedichte, 1974
Viele Jahreszeiten, Gedichte, 1975
Die Freiheit des Menschen, Essays, 1976
Spuren und Pfeiler, Gedichte, 1978
Transsubstantations, Gedichte, 1978
Zeiten auf der Spur, Gedichte, 1978
Blicke, Gedichte, 1979
Stimme und Zuruf, Gedichte, 1980
Panorama. Roman in 10 Bildern, Piper-Verlag, 1988,
Der Wahrheit verpflichtet. Interviews, Gedichte, Essays Hrsg. von <mask>, Bleicher-Verlag, Gerlingen, 1998,
Nach der Befreiung, Ausgewahlte Essays zur Geschichte und Soziologie, Hrsg. von Peter Filkins, Konstanz University Press, 2013,
Theresienstadt 1941–1945.Das Antlitz einer Zwangsgemeinschaft, Wallstein Verlag, Göttingen, 2005,

References

Further reading

External links

The Theresienstadt Dictionary

1910 births
1988 deaths
Writers from Prague
Czechoslovak Jews
Czech male novelists
Charles University alumni
Theresienstadt Ghetto survivors
Auschwitz concentration camp survivors
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Recipients of the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art
20th-century Czech novelists
Jewish concentration camp survivors
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United Kingdom
Historians of the Holocaust in Bohemia

masks:
Jeremy Adler
Jeremy Adler


title: Jim Balsillie

texts:
<mask> (born February 3, 1961) is a Canadian businessman and philanthropist. He is the former Chair and co-CEO of the Canadian technology company Research In Motion (Blackberry), which at its prime made over $20B in sales annually. Since leaving Blackberry in 2012, Balsillie has taken up a number of roles in Canadian business and society. He is the founder of the Balsillie School of International Affairs at the University of Waterloo, the Centre for International Governance and Innovation (CIGI) think tank, and serves as Chair of the Canadian Council of Innovators. Early life
<mask> was born to an Ontario Hydro electrician in Seaforth, Ontario. He received a Bachelor of Commerce degree from Trinity College at the University of Toronto in 1984, where he was also a member of the elite Zeta Psi fraternity. He earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1989.Adult life

Balsillie was hired by Mike Lazaridis in 1992, when Research In Motion (RIM), an early venture into handheld telephony technology, had 14 employees. RIM would eventually become the "international powerhouse" called BlackBerry Limited, and have as many as 18,000 employees. Both men prospered from this companionship, with Lazaridis looking after the technological side while Balsillie looked after the sales business and accounting end of things. At RIM

Many people considered that Balsillie infused RIM with "institutional arrogance" as he remade the landscape of the smartphone industry. He was "feared and respected" by senior managers within his hierarchy. The twin-CEO structure that was evolved by Lazaridis and Balsillie eventually became cumbersome and inhibited their competition with their new rival Apple, as piloted by Steve Jobs. In June 2007, Apple brought to market the first reliable touchscreen

masks:
James Laurence Balsillie
Balsillie


title: Jim Balsillie

texts: smartphone, while Steve Ballmer of Microsoft discarded the idea, while Barack Obama professed his love for his BlackBerry.BlackBerry would not have a reliable touch-screen smartphone until after Balsillie's departure from the executive suite. On March 5, 2007, Balsillie resigned his role as chairman of RIM as the firm reported over US$250 million in past stock option accounting errors after an extensive review. He retained his roles as co-chief executive and director. On May 17, 2007, RIM announced that "Consistent with current best practices in corporate governance, the roles of Chairman and CEO have been separated.". In February 2009, as part of the penalties and sanctions approved by the OSC in settling the improper option practices, which the OSC called a "fundamental failure of governance", <mask> was forced to resign as a director of RIM. In May 2010, almost immediately after the OSC sanctions expired, Balsillie was reappointed to the board, in spite of strong shareholder objections, and notwithstanding RIM's earlier public representations that the roles of Chairman and CEO were separated. BlackBerry lost its market dominance to Google's Android technology in 2010, when the operating system of the machine was a decade old and in need of an update.At the end of 2011, <mask> held in the company 5.1% of the outstanding shares. This ranked him third. But that June, BlackBerry cut 2,000 employees, or 11% of its global workforce, and the joint CEOs reduced their pay to $1. The share value had tumbled from $137.41 in 2008 to $14.80 at the end of 2011. By then, the iPhone from Apple had launched and cornered the apps market, and some investors called for resignations from the executive suite. On January 22, 2012, Balsillie resigned his position, as did Co-CEO Mike

masks: Balsillie Balsillie


title: Jim Balsillie

texts:
 Waterloo, Wilfrid Laurier University and the Centre for International Governance Innovation as part of a $100 million initiative to create the Balsillie School of International Affairs. Balsillie is a philanthropist who supports numerous local and national initiatives. Balsillie's success at RIM has allowed him to create CIGI, CIC, and to contribute resources and time to organizations such as Waterloo Children's Museum, Grand River Hospital, Canadian Olympic Foundation and others. Balsillie is the founder of the Centre for International Governance Innovation (CIGI), the Council of Canadian Innovators, Canadian International Council (CIC), and the Balsillie School of International Affairs (BSIA). In June 2013, the Harper government appointed Balsillie as Chair of Sustainable Development Technology Canada. In 2021, Balsillie was announced as the sponsor for the $60,000 Atwood Gibson Writers' Trust Fiction Prize.He also funds the Writers' Trust of Canada's $25,000 Balsillie Prize for Public Policy. Friendships and allegiances
Balsillie counts Tim Berners-Lee, George Soros, Gord Sinclair, Roger McNamee and Geoff Cape amongst his friends. He maintains that all three major political parties have made unsuccessful efforts to recruit him. He serves as the Honorary Captain of HMCS Star in the Royal Canadian Navy. References

External links

 <mask> at The Canadian Encyclopedia

1961 births
Businesspeople from Ontario
Canadian philanthropists
Harvard Business School alumni
Living people
People from Huron County, Ontario
People from Waterloo, Ontario
Directors of BlackBerry Limited
Trinity College (Canada) alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian billionaires
Canadian accountants
Canadian chief executives
Canadian expatriates in the United States
Institute for New


title: Joe M. Turner

texts:
<mask><mask> (born November 23, 1969) is an American corporate magician, mentalist, and a frequent keynote speaker at conferences and other meetings. Based in Atlanta, he is widely respected in the field of corporate magic as well as customizing magic performances, keynotes, and seminars for trade shows, product launches, and other marketing efforts, conferences, or corporate events. He frequently incorporates sleight-of-hand, escape magic and mentalism into keynote addresses as a motivational speaker for corporate and private groups, speaking on topics of customer experience, brand engagement, memory training, change management, and creativity. He was one of only six performers selected to represent various aspects of the magic industry on the CNN Headline News feature "A Day of Magic," and also appeared on network television programs in Europe and South America. <mask> is best known within the magic industry as a columnist for Genii magazine and for serving as the 2015-2016 International President of the International Brotherhood of Magicians. He is the first native Mississippian and the first Georgia magician to perform in all three showrooms at the Magic Castle in Hollywood, California. He has appeared at Monday Night Magic in New York City and at the Dickens Parlor Theater at the Tropicana Atlantic City.He was voted Greater Atlanta Magician of the Year for 2000, 2010, and 2013, and FEA Atlanta Magician of the Year for 2009. His primary performance expertise is in the field of sleight-of-hand card magic, mentalism, and magic as a communication tool. <mask> and his wife have a daughter and a son, and live near Atlanta. Early years
<mask> <mask> was born in Jackson, Mississippi and grew up in nearby Brandon. His early years were marked with interest in magic, music, and acting. He was fascinated with the televised magic performances of Doug Henning and David Copperfield. He cites Johnny Carson, Dick Van Dyke, Red Skelton and Victor Borge as additional influences on his style.<mask>ig Leadership Scholarships. While a student at Mississippi State, <mask> earned a 1989 summer undergraduate fellowship to

masks:
Joe M
. Turner
Turner
Turner
Joe Milton
Turner
Turnerhill
Turner


title: Joe M. Turner

texts:
 study nuclear physics at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. He spent evenings in Oak Ridge as the pianist/music director at the local theater. During the summers of 1991 and 1992 he was awarded music direction and performance internships at Maine State Music Theatre. He later wrote and composed the stage musical BankNote$. He had leading and supporting roles in numerous productions and was awarded Outstanding Performance by an Actor in 1991 and Outstanding Director in 1992. In 1991 he was named to the Mississippi State University Hall of Fame in recognition of his various academic, artistic, and leadership achievements.<mask> graduated summa cum laude in 1992 with a B.S. in physics/chemistry education, also completing significant additional coursework in astrophysics, music and theater. This crossover of interests and aptitudes has been a continuing theme in his work and in his ability to synthesize a variety of messages into cohesive presentations. He now serves on the selection committee for the Mississippi State University Distinguished Scholars program, which encompasses the original Schillig program plus other subsequently endowed scholarships. Pre-magic career
<mask>’s early career was in the field of management consulting. He began this career in 1993 with Andersen Consulting (now Accenture) in Atlanta, where he was promoted twice and became a manager in the firm’s change management practice. He left that position in 1998 to become a Vice President at Bank of America, working on similar human performance and communication issues within the Business Practices Integration division.He left the bank in 2000 to pursue a career as an entertainer and entrepreneur. Corporate magic and speaking career
<mask>’s first major project as a professional corporate magician was for The Coca-Cola Company. After a selection process that involved numerous professional magicians and magic consultants across the United States, <mask> was engaged by CMI (a division of Clear Channel Entertainment), The Coca-Cola Company, and Reading is Fundamental to design, write, direct, and train performers to use magic in a project to

masks: Turner Turner Turner Turner


title: Joe M. Turner

texts: promote literacy among school-age children. This project, the Storytraveler Illusion Show, was tied to Coca-Cola’s sponsorship of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone and other films in that series. <mask>'s magic consulting work on that project helped it to win a silver Reggie Award in the "Best Cause-Related Promotion" category from the Promotion Marketing Association in 2002. <mask> subsequently became a regular speaker and performer for The Coca-Cola Company at events at their Atlanta headquarters. He has also created customized magic at trade shows, meetings and conferences for a variety of clients such as Microsoft, InterContinental Hotel Group, Industrial Information Resources, Eton Corporation, American Water Works Association, the Possible Woman Conference, Alcoa, Pitney Bowes, the Atlanta Falcons, Biosound-Esaote, and American Honda Motor Company, as well as hundreds of other small and medium-sized companies and associations.He continues to appear at trade shows, conferences, corporate events, and public entertainment venues across the United States and internationally, billed with the title "Chief Impossibility Officer." In addition to his corporate work, <mask> starred in an ongoing one-man magic cabaret show in Atlanta's Buckhead district from 2005 through 2008. The show, Shenanigans, was presented at the Grand Hyatt Atlanta and was highlighted as a favorite by former Atlanta mayor <mask>. <mask> now tours the show to small theaters and other venues around the country. Since 2014, he has been a co-producer, star, and guest talent booker for Atlanta Magic Night. As a motivational speaker, <mask> combines his magic performance skills and change management experiences to create presentations on the "magical" results that can be achieved through focus and determination. He delivers magic-enhanced keynotes on customer experience, brand engagement, memory improvement, change management, and creative problem solving.He has been a guest speaker in college settings for both students and faculty. Since 2001, <mask> has written a product review column for Genii Magazine in which he evaluates new

masks:
Turner
Turner
Turner
Sam Massell
Turner
Turner
Turner


title: Joe M. Turner

texts:
 instructional materials for professional and amateur magicians. He contributed to the magic book Scripting Magic by <mask>, and has been cited in numerous other works including Ken Weber's Maximum Entertainment. Awards and honors
<mask> was voted Greater Atlanta Magician of the Year for 2000, 2010, and 2013. He was honored with the IBM Ring 9 President’s Award in 2002. He was named FEA Atlanta Magician of the Year 2009. He was the first performer ever to win both the Doyne Michie Award for Excellence in Close-Up Magic and the J.C. Doty Award for Excellence in Stage Magic.He remains the only Georgia magician ever to appear in all three major showrooms at the Magic Castle in Hollywood, California:  the Close-Up Gallery, the Parlor of Prestidigitation, and the Palace of Mystery. He also won numerous awards in competitions at local and regional magic conventions. He has frequently served as a judge for the finals of the International Brotherhood of Magicians international stage magic and close-up magic competitions. <mask> served as the 2015-2016 International President  of the International Brotherhood of Magicians. He previously served as International President-Elect, International Vice President, Executive Committee member, and as Territorial Vice President for the state of Georgia. He served as the Executive Secretary of the Southeastern Association of Magicians from 2001-2002. He has also served as a Deputy Regional Vice President for Georgia for the Society of American Magicians.In February 2010, <mask> was elected a member of The Magic Circle in London, receiving the unusual and prestigious distinction of immediate advancement to the degree of Associate of the Inner Magic Circle (A.I.M.C.) with silver star. References

External links
 <mask><mask> - Official magic web site
 <mask><mask> - Official keynote speaking web site
 Genii Magazine
 Performance and interview on "This Is Atlanta" - WPBA Channel 30

1969 births
Living people
Accenture people
American magicians
Mentalists
American motivational speakers
People from Jackson, Mississippi
People from Brandon, Mississippi
Mississippi State University

masks:
Pete McCabe
Turner
Turner
Turner
Joe M
. Turner
Joe M
. Turner


title: Endre Ady

texts:
<mask> (Hungarian: <mask>, archaic English: <mask>, 22 November 1877 – 27 January 1919) was a turn-of-the-century Hungarian poet and journalist. Regarded by many as the greatest Hungarian poet of the 20th century, he was noted for his steadfast belief in social progress and development and for his poetry's exploration of fundamental questions of the modern European experience: love, temporality, faith, individuality, and patriotism. Biography

<mask> was born in Érmindszent, Szilágy County (part of Austria-Hungary at the time; now a village in Satu Mare County, Romania, called Adyfalva in Hungarian and Ady Endre in Romanian). He belonged to an impoverished Calvinist noble family. <mask> was the second of three children. The eldest, a girl named Ilona, died at an early age. The author and poet <mask> (1888-1977) was a niece of <mask>.Between 1892-1896, <mask> attended the Calvinist College in Zilah (today Zalău, Romania). On 22 March 1896, he published his first poem in the Zilah newspaper Szilágy. He later studied law at the Reformed College in Debrecen. After dropping out, he became a journalist. He published his first poems in a volume called Versek (Poems) in 1899. He soon grew tired of Debrecen (the town later became a symbol of backwardness in his poetry) and moved to Nagyvárad (today Oradea, Romania), a city with a rich cultural life. In articles written in 1902 for the local newspaper Nagyváradi Napló, <mask> paid close attention to the social features of his time."Wesselényi and a poor peasant! Perhaps unwittingly, master Fadrusz has carved a satire", he wrote, referring to the unveiling of the Wesselényi Monument. Working as a

masks:
Endre Ady
diósadi Ady András Endre
Andrew Ady
Ady
Endre
Mariska Ady
Endre Ady
Ady
Ady


title: Endre Ady

texts: journalist and spending time with like-minded people broadened his horizons. He published a new collection of poems in 1903, but remained relatively unknown. The turning point came in August 1903 when he met Adél Brüll (Mrs Diósy), a rich, married Jewish woman who was living in Paris at the time but was visiting her home in Nagyvárad. Léda (as he called her in his poems) became his muse; his love for her and their visit to Paris, helped him to develop his talent. He visited Paris seven times between 1904 and 1911.When he returned after his first visit (which lasted for a year), he moved to Budapest and began work for the newspaper Budapesti Napló (Budapest Journal), where he published more than 500 articles and plenty of poems. Being interested in politics, <mask> became a member of the radical group Huszadik Század (Twentieth Century, or possibly Twentieth Brigade). In 1906 he published his third book of poetry, Új versek (New Poems), which is a landmark in literature and marks the birth of modern Hungarian poetry. His fourth collection, Vér és arany (Blood and Gold), brought him real success and critical acclaim. In 1906 <mask> decided to leave the country and went to Paris again. In 1907, he had to quit his job at Budapesti Napló. In 1908, the first issue of a new periodical called Nyugat (The West) published a poem and an essay by him.He worked for this periodical for the rest of his life; from 1912 he was one of the editors. Also in 1908 in Nagyvárad, he was one of the founders of a literary circle called A Holnap (Tomorrow). The group published an anthology of poems of <mask> and others including Mihály Babits, Gyula Juhász and

masks: Ady Ady Ady


title: Endre Ady

texts: Béla Balázs. The poems of this anthology met with disapproval and incomprehension. Many people attacked the anthology for containing erotic poems. In addition, <mask> was criticized for his unpatriotic feelings in a poem in which he emphasized the contrast between the rich cultural life he longed for and the cruel realities of the Hungarian peasant world. <mask> disliked his name being linked with other poets, who he thought were jumping on his bandwagon.He wrote a short story, "The duk-duk affair", in which he mocked those who were following the trend he was setting. <mask> was an editor and leading figure of Nyugat (West), an important Hungarian literary journal. He also wrote political articles for other journals criticizing the political situation of the time. He did not like the nationalism of the leading parties, but also criticized the anti-nationalism of the social democrats; he knew how far Hungary was behind the more developed countries, but clearly saw the faults of Western countries too. From 1909 he often needed sanitarium treatment for his health, which was undermined by syphilis. The political situation became critical: the workers were protesting against the government, and <mask> became more and more burdensome.As <mask> become a prominent poet, Léda lost her leading role in the relationship. He broke up with her in April 1912. In 1914 he met the 20-year-old Berta Boncza, with whom he had been corresponding since 1911. In 1915 they married without her father's permission. In his poems he called her Csinszka. After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914, <mask> saw war  approaching. Everyone he knew was

masks: Ady Ady Ady Adyda Ady Ady


title: Endre Ady

texts:
 enthusiastic about the war, and he was left alone with his fears and worries about the future.He published his last book of poetry in 1918. He was terminally ill when he wrote his last poem, "Üdvözlet a győzőnek" (Greetings to the victor). Syphilis had weakened his aorta, so that he might die at any moment from a massive haemorrhage. He was elected president of the Vörösmarty Academy, an organization of modern writers, but could not deliver his opening speech; he died in Budapest on 27 January 1919. Poetry

At the beginning of the 20th century, Hungarian poets tried to follow the folksy style of Sándor Petőfi, but most lacked his vision and talent; the style did not renew itself. <mask> was the first to break from this tradition into a modern style. Although he liked to identify as a lonely, misunderstood revolutionary, most of the poets of his generation supported him, and many imitated his style.His first two books of poetry did not show anything new; he was still under the influence of 19th-century poets such as Petőfi or János Vajda. The first elements of his own style appeared not in his poems but in his essays and other writings. <mask> was undoubtedly influenced by the works of Baudelaire and Verlaine. He often used Symbolist techniques; his recurring themes are God, Hungarian identity, and the struggle for survival in modern society. Other themes are present only in certain periods of his life (money, life and death, Léda). Works

 Versek ("Poems", 1899)
 Még egyszer ("Once Again", 1903)
 Új versek ("New Poems", 1906)
 Vér és arany ("Blood and Gold", 1907)
 Az Illés szekerén ("On Elijah's Chariot", 1909)
 Szeretném, ha

masks: Ady Ady


title: Endre Ady

texts:
 szeretnének ("I'd Love to Be Loved" 1910)
 A Minden-Titkok versei ("The Poems of All Secrets", 1911)
 A menekülő Élet ("The Fleeing Life", 1912)
 Margita élni akar ("Margita Wants to Live", 1912)
 A magunk szerelme ("Our Own Love", 1913)
 Ki látott engem? ("Who Have Seen Me?", 1914)
 A halottak élén ("Leading the Dead", 1918)
 Az utolsó hajók ("The Last Ships", 1923)

Quotes

"Talent has its brutal fate in every era, even in the Golden Ages." Honors
A postage stamp bearing <mask>'s likeness was issued 15 March 1947 by Hungary in a series of Hungarian freedom-fighters. Another commemorative stamp was issued 27 January 1969 on the 50th anniversary of his death, and another on 22 November 1977 on his birth centenary, along with a mini-sheet. Romania issued a commemorative postage stamp in his honor on 5 December 1957, on the 80th anniversary his birth. A bust of <mask> sculpted by Geza Csorba was installed in the courtyard of Innis College in Toronto in 1984. (https://hungarianheritageincanada.ca/en/place/bust-of-endre-ady-toronto-on)

References

External links

 Ady: online-audiók Latinovits előadásában
 Some poems in Hungarian and in English translation
 Another page with poems and translations
 Translation of Endre <mask> poem

1877 births
1919 deaths
People from Satu Mare County
People from the Kingdom of Hungary
Hungarian Calvinist and Reformed Christians
Hungarian nobility
Hungarian male poets
Symbolist poets
Austro-Hungarian writers
Culture of Transylvania
Hungarian journalists
Burials at Kerepesi Cemetery
19th-century Hungarian poets
20th-century Hungarian poets
19th-century Hungarian male writers
20th-century Hungarian