title: Pat Mullen

texts:
 <mask> also from Galway. The pair lived in Eyre Street in Galway where they had their first child Mary Kate and lived with and a boarder who was a widowed army pensioner. They emigrated to Boston in 1904. <mask> died suddenly on 29 April  1913, and was buried in St. Joseph Cemetery. They lived in Boston Ward 9 where they kept a boarding house, run by Bridget. They had four children together, Barbara, John, Joseph and Winifred, yet only three of their children survived past infancy, with John living only a week after his birth. The couple lived with their remaining children in Boston and then in Manhattan, until his two brothers Thomas and Bartly fell ill in 1921, compelling him to return to the family home.The brothers died the same year. Returning to Ireland he took his son P.J. who was four at the time, but Bridget did not follow, and their relationship deteriorated thereafter. His daughter Barbara however joined him in Ireland (around 15 years later). Career
Having emigrated to Boston in 1905, <mask> began working in factories and warehouses, during the winter months and spent summers on rural contract-labour teams. Having successfully lead a strike in a Boston wool-house, he earned a charter from the American Federation of Labour and became a founder in a union of city-wide wool-house workers in 1916. Following this, he met a fellow emigrant James Larkin, who was an Irish labour leader, having joined the James Connolly Socialist Club.<mask>’s trade-union activism lead him to be sacked from several jobs and blacklisted by employers in Boston, turning him to engage in illegal liquor trafficking. <mask> then returned home in 1921 to the Aran Islands. His circumstances improved slightly when he attained a horse and sidecar, in which he carried out hauling jobs on the island, and also to drive visitors around the Island to view the scenery. In November 1931, Robert J. Flaherty, an American documentary film maker, along with his family, visited the island and contracted <mask> to drive them around Aran. They formed a connection, and when Flaherty

masks:
Patrick Crowe
Patrick Crowe
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen


title: Pat Mullen

type: original

texts:
 returned back to the Island the following year, he employed <mask> as his local-contact man and also assistant director for his film, Man of Aran. He recruited cast members from the island’s population and also coached them into carrying out scenes for the film, which were at times dangerous, as they were filmed on the edges of cliffs and also in tough sea conditions. <mask> starred in the film as a basking shark hunter.He spent nine weeks in London recording sound dialogue in the Gaumont-British studios along with his fellow cast members. Following the success of the film, <mask> wrote a book with the same title Man of Aran (October 1934), which included accounts of the making of the film, along with other parts of his life. Later life and death
He moved to Bull Bay, Anglesey in Wales in 1952 after making friendships with different visitors on Inishmore island, who had sent him correspondence and books. <mask> wrote two books documenting his life in the west of Ireland after the Irish premiere of Man of Aran in May 1934. One book was Hero Breed (1937) and the other was Come Another Day which was published by Faber and Faber in 1940. His autobiography in 1940 gives a more detailed insight into his life in America and his return to Aran. <mask> married his second wife, Florence Hall, in Kilronan, Inishmore on 18 August 1949.Florence Hall was a school teacher in Heather Bank, Bullbay, Anglesea, Wales. She had visited the island of Aran for 24 years after marrying her husband. The death of Mullen's siblings <mask> in Los Angeles, California in 1955 and <mask> in Suffolk, Massachusetts in 1966, died only a few years after he moved to Wales. The deaths of his siblings may have brought him back to Inishmore, as he returned regularly to enjoy the summers there. Mullen's eldest child <mask> (1914-1979), starred as Janet MacPherson, the stubborn Scottish housekeeper, in the BBC television series 'Dr Finlay's Casebook' in 1964. She was interviewed by Eamonn Andrews on the programme 'This is Your Life' where <mask> appeared as a guest at 81 years old and her

masks:
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen
Mary Mullen
Joseph Mullen
Barbara Mullen
Patrick Mullen


title: Pat Mullen

texts:
 brother P.J<mask> also made an appearance to look back on <mask>'s life.<mask> is also seen dancing with his daughter during the show. He was the last of his ten siblings to die in Carnarvonshire, Wales on the 16 September 1972. <mask>'s ashes were spread on Inishmore in Killeany Cemetery, but people have claimed that his first cremation burial was on the island in Christian times. Legacy
<mask>'s legacy can be seen through his role in the film Man of Aran and in his subsequent book, also entitled Man of Aran (1934), which can be described as a detailed account of the making of the film, also sketches his earlier life in the Aran Islands and the United States. <mask> wrote and published three more novels: a novel of Aran life, Hero breed (1936)  part factual record, part fantastical story telling; a Folklore collection, Irish tales (1938), and the autobiographical Come another day (1940). His books detailing the beauty of Aran is said to have contributed to bringing much more tourism to the island that once saw little to no tourism at all, where there is a rent-a-bike station owned by relatives of Mullen so tourists can navigate the island by bike. The story in the movie The Man of Aran in which Mullen played the role of a shark hunter, resulted om people from different countries becoming curious of the island, what life was like there, and how much of it was accurate to the movie.<mask>'s written works and contribution in the movie also brought more awareness and tourism to Gaeltacht areas, as he wrote parts in Irish as well as English, including the Aran Islands as they are an official Gaeltacht area. Bibliography
 Man of Aran, Faber and Faber, 1934
 Hero Breed, Faber and Faber, 1936
 Irish Tales, Faber and Faber, 1938
 Come Another Day, Faber and Faber, 1940

References

 Galway Authors, Helen Mahar, 1976. External links
 Vincent Browne profile of Man of Aran film
 Screenonline.org
 Man of Aran Cottage Man of Aran history

1883 births
1972 deaths
Male actors from County Galway
Irish male film actors
Irish writers
Irish emigrants to the United

masks:
. Mullen
Barbara Mullen
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen
Mullen


title: Jo Whiley

texts:
<mask> (born 4 July 1965), better known by her professional name <mask>, is an English radio DJ and television presenter. She was the host of the long-running weekday later weekend <mask> Show on BBC Radio 1. She now currently presents her weekday evening Radio 2 show. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Northampton to Martin, an electrician, and Christine, a postmistress. She attended Campion School<ref name="NC&E">Northampton Chronicle & Echo 4 November 2011, p. 13, "Sweet toothed <mask>'s Children in Need 'land of cake believe' stunt"</ref> at Bugbrooke, near Northampton and then studied applied languages at Brighton Polytechnic. She swam competitively for Northamptonshire. Career

Early career
In Whiley's final year of her degree, still unsure of what she wanted to do, a conversation with a lecturer led to a job with BBC Radio Sussex on a show called Turn It Up.It allowed anyone to get on the radio and required Whiley to attend shows and interview the musicians. After a year, Whiley left for City University London for a one-year course on radio journalism. After writing many letters, she got a job as a researcher on WPFM, a BBC Radio 4 youth culture and music show. When the presenters Terry Christian and Gary Crowley left, she took over, gaining her first presenting role. She then moved into television, firstly at British Satellite Broadcasting where she produced and presented the indie show, and then at Channel 4 where she worked as a researcher on The Word, with her friend Zoe Ball. Whiley moved on to BBC Radio 1 from September 1993 until March 2011, during the heyday of Britpop with bands such as Blur and Oasis. She hosted a weekday evening show called The Evening Session with Steve

masks:
Joanne Whiley Morton
Jo Whiley
Jo Whiley
Whiley
Jo


title: Jo Whiley

texts:
 Lamacq, which was oriented towards less-mainstream, non-dance music.Whiley presented her own show on Saturday afternoon in late 1995. From 1995 to 1998, Whiley was a regular guest presenter on Top of the Pops, initially co-presenting with fellow DJ Steve Lamacq before flying solo and alternating with Zoe Ball and Jayne Middlemiss. The three women  are referred to by the Top of the Pops website as the '90s girls', as between them they presented nearly every show of 1997. However, the only occasion when all three presented together was on Christmas Day 1997. Whiley returned to the show twice between 2005 and 2006 to co-present with lead presenter Fearne Cotton. In July 2009, Whiley published her autobiography, My World in Motion, on CD thorough Random House Audiobooks. The <mask>y Show on BBC Radio 1

From February 1997, Whiley had a weekday lunchtime show, called The <mask>y Show and later The Lunchtime Social.This included elements of the evening show, such as tour dates and occasional live 'sessions' at Maida Vale Studios while working within the restrictions of Radio 1's daytime schedule. When Simon Mayo left BBC Radio 1 for BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Radio 2 in February 2001, Whiley's show was moved to a mid-morning slot. In July 2008, The <mask> Show was fined £75,000 for misleading listeners for an incident involving  a member of BBC staff posing as a member of the public taking part in a competition. The BBC claim Whiley herself was unaware of the deception at the time of its broadcast. <mask>'s weekday show ended broadcasting  in September 2009 as part of a major shake-up of Radio 1's weekday schedule. The shake-up saw Greg James move to the afternoon slot (was occupied by Edith Bowman) and

masks:
Jo While
Jo While
Jo Whiley
Jo Whiley


title: Jo Whiley

texts:
 Fearne Cotton move to Whiley's slot. Her final weekday programme took place on 18 September 2009.Following weekdays, the <mask> Show was moved to weekends between 1pm to 4pm. As with her former weekday show, it still featured Live Lounge performances from visiting artists, as well as three new features: <mask>'s Road Trip, Top of the Shops, and SpellStar. Her last show on BBC Radio 1 was on 27 March 2011. BBC Radio 2

Since August 2009, Whiley has been an occasional stand in presenter for Claudia Winkleman on BBC Radio 2. She was first heard on the network on Friday 21 August and made subsequent appearances on 2 October, 6 November, 27 November and 18 December 2009. In March 2010, it was announced that Whiley and former BBC Radio 1 presenter Steve Lamacq would present a one-off Evening Session (the first in 13 years) on Good Friday (2 April) for BBC Radio 6 Music. Presented another Evening Session on 28 January 2011.After being an occasional stand-in presenter on BBC Radio 2, Whiley began presenting In Concert on Thursday evenings in April 2010. On 1 February 2011, it was announced that Whiley would be leaving BBC Radio 1 after 17 years of broadcasting to join BBC Radio 2, where she would present an evening show from Mondays to Thursdays starting on 4 April 2011, replacing The Radcliffe and Maconie Show. Radcliffe and Maconie would, in turn, move to BBC Radio 6 Music while Whiley's Radio 1 show would be taken over by Huw Stephens. Since 2011, she has co-hosted Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park. In March 2012, the BBC announced that as part of the broadcaster's celebration of the 20th anniversary of Britpop, <mask> and Lamacq would present a week of Evening Sessions on Radio 2 from 7 April. In January

masks:
Jo Whiley
Jo
Whiley


title: Jo Whiley

texts:
 2018 it was announced that Whiley would join daytime on a drivetime show with Simon Mayo. This is the first time a woman had co-presented a Radio 2 daytime show in 20 years.On 22 October that year, the station announced that Mayo would be leaving Radio 2 after a backlash against the change, with Whiley moving back to an evening slot. Television career

Whiley presents televised coverage of major music festivals, such as the Glastonbury Festival. She also narrated the BBC Three series, Little Angels. In October 2007 she became a judge on the T4 (Channel 4) show Orange unsignedAct which searches for a band trying to get a record deal. <mask> has recently begun hosting a music TV show on music channel TMF. From late 1998, Whiley hosted her own music discussion show on Channel 4, called The <mask> Show, which ran for four series until late 2001. On 15 March 2010, Whiley presented an edition of the Panorama documentary strand titled Are the Net Police Coming for You?in which she looked at the Digital Economy Bill, a proposed new law targeting people who download music illegally from the Internet. In 2014, Whiley was a contestant on the Children in Need special of Swashbuckle with her daughter Coco. In July 2021 Whiley was a co-presenter for the BBC's coverage of the Hampton Court Garden Festival. Personal life
Whiley married music executive Steve Morton in July 1991 in Northampton. The couple live in Northamptonshire and have four children. In October 2014 she was presented with a BASCA Gold Badge award. In February 2021 <mask>'s sister Frances, who has learning difficulties and diabetes, was admitted to hospital after testing positive for coronavirus following an outbreak in her care home.Frances,

masks:
Jo
Jo Whiley
Whiley


title: Jo Whiley

texts:
 who is two years younger than Whiley, has Cri du chat genetic syndrome. Whiley has publicly campaigned for those in her sister's category to receive priority in the COVID-19 vaccination programme roll-out. She repeated the plea during an interview on BBC's The Andrew Marr Show, on 21 February 2021. On 24 February it was announced that all who were on the GP learning disability register would be prioritised for a COVID-19 vaccine, meaning that 150,000 people at higher risk with severe disabilities would be offered a vaccination more quickly in England. Charity work
Whiley is a celebrity ambassador to Mencap, a UK charity that works to support people with learning disabilities. She hosts the Little Noise Sessions concerts, in aid of the Mencap charity. She is also a supporter of Tommy's – The Baby Charity.Whiley is the Patron of the Cri du Chat Syndrome Support Group. On 19 March 2014, Whiley undertook a challenge for Sport Relief'', in which she walked, jogged and ran on a treadmill for 26 hours, with a five-minute rest break each hour. She did this to raise money for the Sport Relief appeal that same week. While completing the challenge she hosted two radio shows. The achievement impressed members of the band Coldplay, who donated £260,000 to Sport Relief. References

External links

 <mask>'s Shiny Happy Playlist (BBC Radio 2)
 <mask> (BBC Radio 2)
 Whiley's autobiography My World in Motion, released June 2009

1965 births
Living people
People from Northampton
Alumni of the University of Brighton
BBC Radio 1 presenters
BBC Radio 2 presenters
English radio DJs
Alumni of City, University of London
English journalists
English television presenters
Women radio presenters
Top of the Pops

masks:
Jo Whiley
Jo Whiley


title: Herbert Charles Wilson

texts:
<mask> (December 7, 1859 – December 17, 1909) was a Canadian politician and physician. He served as mayor of the Town of Edmonton and Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of the North-West Territories. <mask> was born in 1859 in what would become the province of Ontario. The son of a manufacturer, <mask>'s family had extensive business interests in the area of Picton, Ontario. <mask> studied medicine and moved to Edmonton in 1882, one of the first physicians to settle there. He was appointed to official medical positions and, for several years, owned a drugstore in town. He served as a consultant to First Nations reserves near Edmonton and also became a director of many local corporations.He was elected to the Territorial council in 1885, and soon became its speaker. During his speakership, he helped to change the council's rules and procedures. He left territorial politics after six years, citing health reasons. He maintained a medical practice in town for many years, and went to considerable efforts to keep up with the latest practices. <mask> interested himself in civic activities in Edmonton, and eventually ran for mayor, winning election in 1895. He left office after less than two years in a dispute over town funds. He attempted a comeback in 1904, but was defeated in a run for the town council.He married in 1886, and had a son and two daughters. He died in 1909; an industrial park in the city is named for him. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Picton, Canada West (now Ontario), the only son of <mask> (c. 1827–October 28, 1900) and Eliza Maria (née Biggar) (c. 1832–1867) <mask>. His father was a well-known manufacturer of carriages and sailing ships and a leading banker in his hometown. Additionally, he served as a councillor and mayor of Picton, and was a good friend of Prime Minister John A. Macdonald. <mask>'s mother was a daughter of <mask>, who, like <mask>'s paternal grandfather, <mask> <mask>, was of United Empire Loyalist descent. One of <mask>'s uncles, James Lyons Biggar, was Member of Parliament for Northumberland

masks:
Herbert Charles Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Charles Stewart
Wilson
Wilson
Charles Biggar
Wilson
Stewart Charles
Wilson
Wilson


title: Herbert Charles Wilson

texts:
 East, Ontario.<mask>'s mother died in February 1867 when he was seven years old. His father later rewed, marrying Louisa Maria Colley; they had a daughter, born in about 1870. The <mask> family was of Irish descent. After attending public high schools in Picton, <mask> went on to study at the Upper Canada College, before graduating from the Ontario College of Pharmacy on February 7, 1878. He went on to attend Trinity Medical School in 1878 and achieved Bachelor of Medicine and Doctorate of Medicine degrees in 1882 and 1883 respectively. Early career
<mask> moved west to the town of Edmonton in the North-West Territories in 1882 and, shortly after arriving, became active in the local community. He was elected as Director of the Edmonton Literary Club in October 1882 and, in 1883, became a member of a Methodist church committee.He also served as president of the Edmonton Cricket Club, Edmonton Curling Club, Edmonton Gas and Oil Company and as director of the Edmonton Building and Investment Company. <mask> registered as a medical practitioner in the North-West Territories in 1886 and again in 1906 when the province of Alberta entered Confederation. As one of the first physicians in Edmonton, <mask> opened the first drug store, next to his office and served as a medical consultant to nearby First Nations reserves in addition to serving as the official police surgeon for the North-West Mounted Police district of Edmonton from 1886 to 1887, a coroner for Edmonton and the North-West Territories and an examiner for numerous insurance companies. Pressed for time by his recent marriage to Emily Lee earlier in the year, an increase in practice due to the town's rapid population growth and his increasing political roles, <mask> sold his drug store in 1886 to a town alderman, Philip Daly. He then partnered with Herman McInnes in practice. <mask> entered territorial politics when he submitted a bid for a seat as an elected representative for the Edmonton district on the Territorial Council. He was elected on September 15, 1885, at the age of 25,

masks:
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Politics Wilson


title: Herbert Charles Wilson

texts:
 defeating his opponent, Frank Oliver, by 120 votes to 111 to become the youngest member of the council.In 1886, <mask>, along with William Dell Perley and James Hamilton Ross, was part of a delegation sent to Ottawa by the North-West Territories to deliver a council-agreed reply to the Speech from the throne. He remained on the council until its abolition in 1888, when he was elected to the first Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories, along with his onetime opponent, Frank Oliver. Speaker of the Legislative Assembly

<mask> was nominated by Hugh Cayley, a member of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from Calgary, for speaker of the Assembly prior to the opening of the first session, on October 31, 1888. It was commonly assumed that James H. Ross would be the first speaker, but <mask>'s name was mentioned for the position and it was decided to hold a vote. After the first three ballots ended in ties, Ross called upon his supporters to vote for <mask>, who was then elected unanimously. In 1888, Lieutenant Governor Joseph Royal presented <mask> with a petition against the controversial election of Hillyard Mitchell, member for Batoche, over opponent George L. Fisher. <mask> presented the petition, as well as a verbal message from Lieutenant Governor Royal, initiating a discussion of proper procedures of receiving petitions in the Assembly.The petition was subsequently read, and sent to the Committee on Privileges and Elections. The Committee ruled in its report that the petitioners did not follow correct procedures, and Mitchell's victory was affirmed. On November 30, 1888, <mask> hosted a dinner for members and other guests in a hotel in Regina, the "first of the kind in the history of the North-West Legislative Assembly". As Speaker, <mask> also helped revise the rules and forms of proceedings of the Legislative Assembly, and served on the Standing Committee on Standing Orders and Library. In 1891, <mask> left territorial politics after 6 years, citing health reasons. He was succeeded as speaker by James H.

masks: Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson Wilson


title: Herbert Charles Wilson

texts:
 Ross. Post-territorial politics

<mask> returned to Edmonton after his retirement as speaker and continued to be an active community member.He served as President of the Edmonton Liberal Conservative Association in 1892, and of the Upper Canada Boys' Association in Edmonton in 1909, the North Alberta Medical Society, and the Alberta Medical Association in 1907. He was also a member of many community organizations—the Edmonton Old Timers' Association, Council of the College Physicians and Surgeons of the North-West Territories, Edmonton Electric Lighting and Power Company (presently EPCOR) and a patron of both the Edmonton and Fort Saskatchewan Rifle Associations. <mask> spent a year in Europe with his wife and took post-graduate education in Edinburgh and London. In 1894, along with 5 other physicians, he sent a letter to Vital-Justin Grandin to support the building of a general hospital by the Grey Nuns, which was opened on December 15 of the next year. He served on the medical board, until his resignation in 1899 over a disagreement regarding patient admission. He was appointed Justice of Peace of Edmonton in 1895. Mayor of Edmonton
In the 1895 municipal election, <mask> was elected mayor of Edmonton, defeating John Alexander McDougall.Important issues in the election included choosing a site for the building of the High Level Bridge, securing funds for a hospital, and lowering high insurance rates. <mask> was acclaimed mayor in 1896, but resigned in October the same year due to a dispute over town funds, stating "I regret very much that this simple affair has assumed such a disgraceful form [and] had to be fought out in the manner". He attempted a comeback in 1904 as he ran for alderman for the newly formed City of Edmonton, but he was defeated, finishing fourteenth of seventeen candidates. Personal life

In Toronto, on September 15, 1886, he married Emily Charlotte Lee in a traditional ceremony at St. Peter's Anglican Church. <mask> owned a piano, one of the first in Edmonton, and it was used at various dances, an activity the couple

masks:
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Emily Wilson


title: Herbert Charles Wilson

texts:
 enjoyed. The <mask>s were friends of many notable early leading Canadian figures, such as Father Albert Lacombe, <mask>, and Amédée Forget. The <mask>s had a son, <mask> (born 1887), and two daughters, Violet Henrietta (born 1890) and Marjorie (born 1894).<mask> like his father attended Upper Canada College, and became a law student at an Edmonton-based law firm. <mask> Jr served in the 49th Battalion, and was killed in action at the Battle of Sanctuary Wood in 1916. Violet served overseas with the St. John's Ambulance Brigade as a voluntary aid worker. She later worked as an immigration officer, broadcaster, and author. The couple's younger daughter, Marjorie, was a nurse. Death and legacy

<mask> died in Edmonton on December 17, 1909, at the age of 50, following a stroke. He had a history of health problems, including a neurological disorder.His partner in medical practice, Herman McInnes, attended him in his final illness. <mask>'s funeral, which was held on December 19, had a procession that "extended for half a mile [and comprised] nearly one-hundred vehicles". He was buried at the Edmonton Cemetery. In 1947, following the death of his wife, Emily, she was buried next to him. After his death, a newspaper stated that <mask> was "in the best sense of the phrase, a great practitioner of the old school, he was not in any sense an 'old fogey' of a doctor, rather, he made it a practice to visit eastern hospitals at frequent  to keep in touch with medical progress". He was also described as "an active, public-spirited citizen" of which "kindliness and geniality were outstanding qualities in his nature". Wilson Industrial Park in Edmonton was named in his honor in 1975.References

Bibliography

1859 births
1909 deaths
Physicians from Alberta
Mayors of Edmonton
People from Prince Edward County, Ontario
Pre-Confederation Alberta people
Speakers of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories
Trinity College (Canada) alumni
Upper Canada College alumni
19th-century

masks:
Wilson
Charles Tupper
Wilson
Charles Arthur
Charles
Charles Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


title: Gail Emms

texts:
<mask> MBE (born 23 July 1977) is a retired English badminton player who has achieved international success in doubles tournaments. A badminton player since the age of four, <mask> was first chosen to represent England in 1995 and regularly played for her country until her retirement from professional sport in 2008. Her best results were winning gold at the 2006 World Championships in Madrid, 2004 European Championships in Geneva, and a silver medal at the 2004 Olympic Games, partnering Nathan Robertson in the mixed doubles. At the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester she won a bronze medal with Joanne Goode in the women's doubles and won gold as part of the England team in the mixed team event. In the English National Championships she won the mixed doubles three times and the women's doubles twice. Early life and career
<mask> attended the Dame Alice Harpur School in Bedford, a private girls' school. She and Nathan Robertson reached the semi-finals of 1994 World Junior Championships held in Kuala Lumpur.In 1998 she graduated with a BSc (Hons) in Sports Science from Kingston University. After graduating <mask> became a full-time professional badminton player with the help of national lottery funded grants paid to her by UK Sport. Her father owned a building firm that collapsed in the recession of the late 1980s leading to a sudden decline in the family standard of living. Her mother, <mask> (née Barton), played for the unofficial England women's national football team. Her parents divorced while <mask> was in her early teens. 2004 Athens Summer Olympics
Emms competed in badminton at the 2004 Summer Olympics in women's doubles with partner Donna Kellogg. They defeated Koon Wai Chee and Li Wing Mui of Hong Kong in the first round

masks:
Gail Elizabeth Emms
Emms
Emms
Emms
Janice Emms
Emms


title: Gail Emms

texts:
 but were defeated by Zhao Tingting and Wei Yili of China in the second round.She also competed in mixed doubles with Robertson. They had a bye in the first round and defeated Björn Siegemund and Nicol Pitro of Germany in the second. In the quarterfinals, <mask> and Robertson beat Chen Qiqiu and Zhao Tingting of China 15–8, 17–15 to advance to the semifinals. There, they beat Jonas Rasmussen and Rikke Olsen of Denmark 15–6, 15–12. In the final, they lost to the Chinese pair Zhang Jun and Gao Ling 1–15, 15–12, 12–15 to finish with the silver medal. 2006 Commonwealth Games
The 2006 Commonwealth Games brought <mask> a silver in the team event, a bronze in the women's doubles (with Donna Kellogg) and a gold in the mixed doubles (with Nathan Robertson). An additional gold together with Robertson followed at the 2006 IBF World Championships.2008 Beijing Summer Olympics
Emms participated in the women's doubles with partner Donna Kellogg only to be knocked out in the first round by the Chinese pair Wei Yili and Zhang Yawen. <mask> then went on to win her first match in the mixed doubles with Nathan Robertson against the Chinese world number 2 pair. <mask> and Robertson won the first game 21–16 before Gao Ling and her new partner Zheng Bo hit back to win the second 21–16. The British duo found themselves 12–17 down in the decider only to recover to win 21–19. <mask> and Robertson lost out on a medal at the quarter final stage against the world number 10 pair and eventual gold medalist Lee Yong-dae and Lee Hyo-jung of South Korea. Emms retired after the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. Later career
After 2008 <mask> started a portfolio career and has engaged in badminton coaching, motivational speaking, media activities, TV commentary and

masks: Emms Emms Emms Emms Emms Emms


title: Gail Emms

texts:
 product endorsements.The latter includes work for SKODA cars and Adidas. <mask> has worked as a TV presenter and commentator for the BBC, Sky and BT Sport. She has delivered talks on performance, teamwork and gender issues at events held by many prominent clients including the Ashridge Business School, Sainsbury's and the Thames Valley Police. In 2013 she was appointed to the Badminton England coaching staff with a remit to develop young female prospects and mixed doubles pairs. But loss of financial support for badminton from UK Sport in 2017 resulted in cutbacks to the coaching programmes which impacted on <mask>' position. She has subsequently been critical of UK Sport's strategy in allocating funds, suggesting that its emphasis on elite level players and Olympic medal results is inappropriate. <mask> has appeared on the sports-based panel show A Question of Sport and is a regular guest on Fighting Talk.On 6 March 2014, she appeared on Sport Relief's Top Dog with her dog Raffa, a Westie. They won their heat, and went on to win the semi-final against Jenni Falconer on 20 March and the final, where they competed against Sally Gunnell. Personal life
<mask> was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2009 Birthday Honours. She gave birth to her first child, Harry, in March 2010 and to her second child, Oliver, in May 2013. In 2015 she was living in Milton Keynes with her partner. After retiring as a badminton player in 2008 <mask> has periodically suffered from depression. She has spoken about the difficulty many professional athletes have in adjusting to life after retiring from their sport while still young.<mask> is a passionate supporter of Tottenham Hotspur. She participated in the 2017 Great North Run


title: Harvey Whittemore

texts:
<mask> (born August 17, 1952) is an American lawyer and businessman in the Reno, Nevada area. As an influential lobbyist for the gambling, alcohol and tobacco industries, and for his own ventures, <mask> was called "one of Nevada's most powerful men." In 2012, <mask> came under grand jury investigation, initiated by the Federal Election Commission, to determine whether he should be indicted for breaking federal campaign contribution laws. He was charged with four felonies with convictions on three of the counts, and sentenced September 2013 to two years in prison. He was also given a $100,000 fine, along with two years supervision after his incarceration and 100 hours community service. <mask> was the president of Coyote Springs Investment, LLC, the land-development company behind Coyote Springs, a controversial $30 billion planned golf course community of 160,000 homes on 43,000 acres (17,000 ha) in the rural Nevada desert. <mask>'s close relationship with Senator Harry Reid came under scrutiny because of perceived legislative and political pressure favors allowing Coyote Springs to overcome regulatory problems.<mask>, whose daughter, <mask>-Goad, is a chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) patient, founded a research center known as the Whittemore Peterson Institute to investigate the condition. Members of the Institute notably claimed in 2009 that a mouse virus was the cause of CFS. The paper was retracted following widespread failure to replicate the finding, which was determined to be the result of laboratory contamination. Whittemore's business partners filed a civil suit against <mask>, accusing him of improperly using company resources to support the institute. Background
<mask> <mask> was born

masks:
Frederick Harvey Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore
Andrea Whittemore
Whittemore
Frederick Harvey
Whittemore


title: Harvey Whittemore

texts:
 in Carson City, Nevada, in 1952, and was raised in Nevada and Arizona. He graduated from Sparks High School in Sparks, Nevada in 1970. <mask> and his wife Annette met at their college, the University of Nevada, Reno, and married in 1973.<mask> earned a law degree from Arizona State University's Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law. <mask>'s first experience with politics was the 1978 Nevada gubernatorial race, during which he established contacts in the Nevada political scene. He was hired by the law firm Lionel Sawyer & Collins as a lobbyist, where he advanced to senior partnership. Lobbyist/attorney
<mask> frequently lobbied on behalf of industries including the Nevada casinos, liquor, and tobacco. He was called one of the most powerful men in Nevada, the most powerful casino lobbyist, and "the Lance Burton" of lobbying. State Senator William Hernstadt attributed <mask>'s success to his ability to command attention and respect, remarking, "when <mask> speaks, the Nevada Senate listens." <mask> also lobbied for his own ventures, both business and non-profit.His influence was diminished when the legality of his campaign contributions were scrutinized in 2012 by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, leading the Las Vegas Review-Journal to write that he was "now a pariah." Coyote Springs
Whittemore's land-development ventures included golf communities and Coyote Springs, a planned living community about  north of Las Vegas on  of desert land. First envisioned by Whittemore in the early 1990s, Coyote Springs is located in a large valley on the border of Clark County and Lincoln County and is slated to include 160,000 homes, twelve golf courses and several hotel-casinos. Its total cost has been

masks:
Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore
Harvey Whittemore
Whittemore


title: Harvey Whittemore

texts:
 estimated at around $30 billion. The first golf course, designed by golfer Jack Nicklaus, opened in 2008. Home construction was expected to begin in fall 2012. Coyote Springs has been called a "marvel" and an "outrage."<mask> considered the development an opportunity "to create a beautiful place which is unique in the world." Regulatory impediments
<mask> obtained land in the Coyote Springs Valley from a private owner but was unable to acquire all of the land or build on what he owned because of regulatory obstacles. The desert land included a sanctuary for the desert tortoise, an endangered species, and some of the adjacent land was designated a wilderness study area. A federal easement for utilities was also present, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would not allow building due to the presence of stream beds in the area. Water rights agreements were also needed to procure large amounts of water. Controversy
<mask> and his company successfully overcame most of the obstacles to development of Coyote Springs. A commentator at the Las Vegas Review-Journal called Whittemore's triumphs a "marvel."Politicians at the state and national levels have introduced legislation to benefit the project by removing some of the regulatory problems; in other cases, politicians reportedly exerted pressure on regulatory agencies to agree to Whittemore's projects. Journalists and advocacy groups questioned whether Whittemore's personal and financial relationships with political figures, particularly Senate majority leader Harry Reid, affected these developments. Whittemore and Senator Harry Reid
A grand jury convened in late February 2012 to investigate alleged illegal campaign

masks: Whittemore Whittemore Whittemore


title: Harvey Whittemore

texts: contributions by Whittemore to Harry Reid's re-election campaign in 2007. Whittemore, his wife, and company contributed tens of thousands of dollars to Reid's election campaigns and to Reid's leadership fund, which was used to aid Reid's allies and is said to have helped Reid attain his leadership position. Federal prosecutors alleged that Whittemore had promised money to Reid, and in order to conceal his involvement wrote checks to family members and 29 of his employees or their family members, who then contributed the maximum allowable amount to Reid. Whittemore was reportedly one of Reid's closest friends, and both men have characterized their relationship as close and decades long. Reid stated that he was unaware of the illegalities, noting that Whittemore's contributions were only a small portion of his war chest.In June 2012 <mask> was indicted by the grand jury. <mask> was found guilty by a federal jury of three out of four felony charges in May 2013. He was sentenced on September 30, 2013 by U.S. District Court Judge Larry Hicks to two years in prison and given a $100,000 fine. He was also required to complete two years of supervision after his incarceration and 100 hours of community service. <mask> completed his prison term on 2 May 2016, having served 21 months, including the last three at a halfway house. Previously, <mask> also funded the political campaigns of two of Reid's sons. All four Reid sons have at one time been employed by Whittemore's law firm.According to the Los Angeles Times, Whittemore helped advance the careers of two sons, including Leif Reid, Whittemore's personal attorney. Responding to allegations of favoritism, Reid's office stated that the Senator's behavior

masks: Whittemore Whittemore Whittemore Whittemore


title: Harvey Whittemore

texts:
 the new management, changes were made to Coyote Springs golf course without proper permits. The Seenos examined the company books in August 2010 and said that Whittemore was embezzling money and defrauding Wingfield. Whittemore said he lent Wingfield $30 million, and it was reported that Whittemore had borrowed $10 million from Thomas Seeno because of greatly reduced finances. Whittemore met with the Seenos in Reno, where, according to Whittemore, Albert Seeno, Jr. threatened his life if he did not repay the Seenos. On March 6, 2011, Whittemore reported to the Reno police that he was afraid of being killed, that Mamer had taken a phone call from Albert Seeno III who threatened Whittemore physically. Reno police took recorded statements from Whittemore in March and November. On January 27, 2012, the Seenos filed suit against Whittemore in Las Vegas on the grounds that Whittemore inappropriately used tens of millions of Wingfield's money to live luxuriously and to lobby politically, giving illegal campaign funds.A week later, <mask> countered with a lawsuit asking for $1.8 billion in damages from the Seenos who he said were involved in extortion, grand larceny and racketeering. He and the Seenos settled the civil suits in February 2013. The terms of the agreement were confidential. Whittemore Peterson Institute

Whittemore and his wife Annette, together with chronic fatigue syndrome specialist Daniel Peterson, established a CFS research organization known as the Whittemore Peterson Institute for Neuro-Immune Disease (WPI). A study conducted by the WPI reported in October 2009 that the so-called xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus was found in most CFS patients they tested, sending


title: Harvey Whittemore

texts:
 many patients to doctors for tests and drugs. Repeated independent attempts to replicate this result were unsuccessful. Additional studies found that the WPI results were the result of contamination with a laboratory recombinant virus and that there was no evidence that humans have been infected.The WPI paper was retracted. The Whittemores contributed and raised funds for the institute in response to what they felt was a lack of action on chronic fatigue syndrome from the federal government. They also believed, along with Peterson, that CFS must be caused by a virus. The Whittemore's daughter, <mask>-Goad, had been diagnosed with CFS at the age of 11. At 31, in 2009, she was reported to be very ill and has seizures. The Whittemores state that the only treatment with any effects was an experimental antiviral drug administered by Peterson. They envisioned a wider mission for WPI as a research and educational institute involved in patient care.Personal life
<mask> and his wife Annette met at the University of Nevada Reno, and <mask> credits Annette with influencing his choice of career. They have five children. References

1952 births
Living people
Businesspeople from Nevada
American lobbyists
University of Nevada, Reno alumni
Arizona State University alumni
People from Carson City,

masks:
Andrea Whittemore
Whittemore
Whittemore


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>, 26 September 1895 – 6 March 1952) was a German SS commander during the Nazi era, who served as SS and Police Leader in occupied Poland and Greece. He led the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising in 1943 and wrote the Stroop Report, a book-length account of the operation. Following the defeat of Germany, <mask> was prosecuted during the Dachau Trials and convicted of murdering nine US prisoners of war. After his extradition to Poland, Stroop was tried, convicted, and executed for crimes against humanity. Early life
<mask> (he later changed his first name) was born in the Principality of Lippe, in the German Empire. His father, <mask>, was Lippe's chief of police. His mother, Katherine, was a homemaker.In a conversation with Kazimierz Moczarski while imprisoned in 1949, Stroop recalled his devoutly religious Roman Catholic mother as "a near fanatic", who subjected him to childhood physical abuse. Both of his parents were enthusiastic monarchists. During parades in Detmold, <mask> often pointed out Leopold IV, Prince of Lippe and said, "Remember this always. This is our Prince. Obey him and serve him as I have." Young Josef's sense of German patriotism was fostered by growing up in the shadow of the Hermannsdenkmal. Stroop enlisted in the Prussian Army in 1914 and served in several infantry regiments along the Western Front.He was wounded in action near La Bassée in October 1914. To the outrage of his devout mother, Stroop married Katharina, the daughter of a minister from the Protestant Church of

masks:
Jürgen Stroop
Josef Stroop
Stroop
Josef Stroop
Konrad Stroop
Konrad Stroop


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 Lippe, on 3 July 1923. Katharina Stroop remained a loyal and obedient wife despite her husband's many infidelities. Their marriage produced a daughter, Renate <mask>, who was born in February, 1928. Their son, <mask>, was born in February 1936. During the early 1920s, Stroop joined the Tannenbergbund and embraced Germanic neo-paganism under the influence of General Erich Ludendorff and his wife Mathilde. He later recalled that Mathilde Ludendorff revealed "the truth about the Catholic Church in Germany and returned us to the true Germanic gods.By recalling the pure, pre-Germanic ways, she pointed out the rottenness of the Judeo-Christian ethic and showed how the organized Church had been strangling the Reich for twelve hundred years." Stroop further recalled, "It was thanks to what I was lucky enough to learn from her books that I was able to rid myself of religious prejudice and mark Gottgläubig in the column concerning belief." In another conversation with Moczarski, Stroop called Catholicism "a catch-all of religions, infected with Judaism." He further claimed that Christianity was created as a Jewish conspiracy for "the weakening and debasement of man through guilt." SS career
<mask> joined the Nazi Party and SS in 1932. In 1933, he was appointed leader of the state auxiliary police. One year later, he was promoted from the rank of SS-Oberscharführer to SS-Hauptsturmführer.Subsequently, he worked for the SS administration in Münster and Hamburg. In 1934, Bishop Clemens von Galen of Münster attacked the racist

masks:
Stroop
Olaf Stroop
Stroop


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts: ideologies of the new regime, partly poking fun at it, partly critiquing its ideological basis as published by Alfred Rosenberg. He declared it unacceptable to refuse the Old Testament because of its Jewish authorship, and to limit morality and virtue to the perceived usefulness of a particular race. In retaliation, <mask> and a von Galen family member of the SS made an official visit to the Bishop. Both were instructed to pressure the Bishop into approving Rosenberg's doctrines. If he refused, they were ordered to threaten him with the confiscation of Church property and an anti-Catholic propaganda campaign. The visit began well, with the bishop commending Stroop's mother for her devout Catholicism and charitable work in Detmold.However, the Bishop turned the tables on his two visitors. He categorically refused to accept or praise Rosenberg's doctrines of euthanizing or forcibly sterilizing the disabled. To <mask>'s further shock, the Bishop denounced the Nazis for trying to introduce Germanic neo-paganism into his diocese. He scoffed at marriage ceremonies and funerals conducted before altars dedicated to Wotan. <mask>, who attended such a ceremony only days before, was stunned that the bishop had learned of it so quickly. At the end of the meeting, he stated the Church would remain loyal to the State in all lawful matters. He expressed his deep love for Germany and reminded them he was the first Catholic Bishop to publicly acknowledge the new regime.Stroop lamented the fact that von Galen's German patriotism "was

masks: Stroop Stroop Stroop


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 tainted by Papist ideals, harmful to Germany for centuries. Besides, the Archbishop's orders came from outside the Fatherland, a fact which disturbed us. We all know, despite its diverse factions, the Catholic Church is a world community, which sticks together when the chips are down." In September 1938, <mask> was promoted again, this time to the rank of SS-Standartenführer (colonel), and served near Reichenberg (Liberec), in the Sudetenland. In conversation with Moczarski, Stroop happily reminisced about his many visits to the hot springs at Karlsbad. For this reason, their cellmate, Gustav Schielke, expressed disgust: instead of serving in combat, "Herr General did battle in spas." Early World War II
After the German invasion of Poland, Stroop served as commander of the SS section in Gnesen (Gniezno).During the occupation of Poland, <mask> was transferred to Poznań as head of Selbstschutz, the notorious "self-defense" formation of the local ethnic Germans. In May 1941, <mask> changed his forename from Josef to <mask> for ideological reasons and in honor of his dead infant son. From 7 July to 15 September 1941, Stroop served in combat on the Eastern Front in the SS Division Totenkopf. He was awarded an Iron Cross 2nd Class. On 16 September 1942, he was promoted to SS-Brigadeführer and assigned as an Inspector of the SiPo and SD of the Higher SS and Police Leader for Russia South. Beginning October 1942, Stroop commanded an SS garrison at Kherson, before becoming the SS and Police Leader (SSPF) for Lemberg (Lviv) in

masks: Stroop Stroop Stroop Jürgen


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 February 1943. Stroop was SS inspector of Durchgangsstrasse IV, a large forced labor project to built a road from Lemberg to Stalino (now Donetsk).Suppression of the Warsaw ghetto uprising

<mask> was involved in the month long suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, an action which cost the lives of just over 57,000 people. He was sent to Warsaw on 17 April 1943 by Heinrich Himmler, as a replacement for SS-Oberführer Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg, who was relieved of duty. <mask> took over from Sammern-Frankenegg following the latter's failure to suppress the uprising at the onset. He commented to war crimes investigators:

Stroop ordered the entire Ghetto to be systematically burned-down and blown-up, building-by-building. 57,065 of the survivors, including men, women, and children were either killed on the spot or deported to extermination camp. In conversation with Moczarski, Stroop described the destruction of the Ghetto in great detail. Stroop also disclosed, unlike the men under his command, he always left the Ghetto at mealtimes and overnight.In his daily report 1 May 1943 <mask> reported: "Progress of large scale operation on 1 May 1943. Start 0900 hours. 10 searching parties were detailed, moreover a larger battle group was detailed to comb out a certain block of buildings, with the added instruction to burn that block down. Within this block of buildings there existed a so-called armament factory which had not yet been entirely evacuated, although it had had enough time to do so. It was not exempted from


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 the operation. Today's operation a total of 1,026 Jews were caught, of whom 245 were killed, either in battle or while resisting. Moreover, a considerable number of bandits and ringleaders were also caught.In one case a Jew who had already been made ready for transport fired three shots against a 1st Lieutenant of Police, but missed his mark...". <mask> recalled this shooting episode (quoted in the book Conversations with an Executioner by Kazimierz Moczarski):

Stroop expressed confusion that the Ghetto's Jewish combatants, whom he viewed as Untermenschen, fought effectively against his men. SS and Police Leader of Warsaw

After the suppression, Stroop ordered the destruction of Warsaw's Great Synagogue on May 16, 1943. Stroop's description was quoted in Conversations with an Executioner:

At that point, Stroop assumed the position of SS and Police Leader of Warsaw. Krüger presented an Iron Cross 1st Class to him on 18 June 1943 for the Warsaw Ghetto "action" at a gala reception in Warsaw's Łazienki Park. Stroop's detailed 75-page report on the suppression of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was bound in black leather. Stroop detailed the capture/and or killing of 57,065 Warsaw Ghetto inmates while German forces had 110 casualties [17 dead/93 wounded].It included copies of all communiqués and many photographs; two separate copies were sent to SS Police Leader East Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger and Heinrich Himmler while Stroop kept a copy as well as an unbound file copy. Titled The Jewish Quarter of Warsaw is no more!, it would


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 for their American necks." End of the war
In late March 1945, Stroop was forced to retreat from Wiesbaden as the advancing U.S. Army crossed the Rhine bridgeheads. Upon his arrival in Pottenstein, Bavaria, Stroop received word Heinrich Himmler wished to meet him in Berlin. On 14 April, Stroop met Himmler in his private train near Prenzlau. With a pass signed by Himmler, Stroop traveled to the Alpine Redoubt with a group of teenaged Hitler Youth members he was training for war.To obtain gasoline and other scarce supplies, <mask> showed Himmler's signed order and claimed to be transporting his Werwolf unit to build an Alpine bastion for the salvation of the Reich. However, after a secret conference at Taxenbach, Austria, Stroop and his fellow Werwolf commanders decided to change into Wehrmacht uniforms and surrender to the Western Allies. Soon after, <mask> abandoned his Werwolf unit near Kufstein and fled north. On 10 May 1945, Stroop surrendered to the American forces in the village of Rottau, Bavaria. Stroop told Moczarski he was carrying a cyanide tablet, which he intended to take if captured. After Moczarski asked him his reasons for not taking it, Stroop replied, "It's really quite simple. I was afraid."At the time he surrendered, Stroop carried forged discharge papers made out to a Wehrmacht Captain of Reserve Josef Straup. He kept to this story for nearly two months, before admitting his identity on 2 July 1945. Trial at Dachau

In the case of U.S. vs. Jurgen <mask>, et al,  the former General and his subordinates


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 when I saw those Polish officers at Tempelhof. So, the Americans were liars after all!They promised me time and again I'd never be given to the Communists and my death sentence for killing the U.S. airmen would be commuted to life imprisonment." Trial in Warsaw and execution

<mask>'s trial began on 18 July 1951 at the Warsaw Criminal District Court and lasted three days. <mask> stood accused of four crimes:
1. Belonging to the SS, a criminal organization. 2. Liquidating the Warsaw Ghetto, leading to the murder of more than 50,000 people and deporting hundreds of thousands of other Jews to the death camps. 3.Ordering the shooting of one hundred Poles on 16 July 1943. 4. Participating in the mass murder of Polish civilians in the Warthegau. On 23 July 1951, the Court sentenced <mask> and Franz Konrad to death by hanging. In passing sentence, the Court declared,
Since the character and magnitude of <mask>'s crimes, his attitude and his twisted explanations not only indicate a total lack of repentance but actually confirm that he retains his Nazi view of the world, the Court is unable to find the slightest extenuating circumstance in the accused Stroop's conduct. His actions show that he is a being devoid of human feeling, a Fascist hangman who tracked his victims with cold and relentless cruelty, an executioner who must be removed from the society of man. <mask> was hanged at Mokotów Prison at seven o'clock in the evening on 6 March 1952.In 1961, Moczarski wrote to the Procurator General of the Polish Republic and received a

masks: Stroop Stroop Stroop Stroop Stroop


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 letter about Stroop's last moments. According to the Procurator's letter, Stroop was calm, "exhibiting his usual arrogance", in the day before his hanging. He expressed no "last wish". Several days before the hanging, the prison director asked Stroop whether he could reconcile his conscience with the fact he murdered women and children in the Ghetto and watched others do so at his orders; he replied he felt no guilt about killing Jews. Stroop did not utter a word about Germany, Hitler, or future revenge. Conversations with an Executioner

While awaiting trial in Warsaw's Mokotów Prison, Stroop spent 255 days in a cell with Kazimierz Moczarski, a former officer in the pre-war Polish Army. Moczarski, under the codename Maurycy, served in Poland's anti-Nazi and anti-Soviet resistance movement, the Armia Krajowa (AK) in World War II.By the time they met, he had been incarcerated for more than three years after communist judges sentenced him on 18 January 1946. Moczarski was ordered by the AK to assassinate <mask> for crimes against the Polish Nation during his tenure as SS and Police Leader of Warsaw. Due to the unpredictability of Stroop's movements, Moczarski was unable to carry out the mission. Following the Soviet-led transformation of Poland into a Marxist-Leninist police state, Moczarski was arrested and tortured by the Polish Ministry of State Security, spending four years on death row before his release in 1956. During their incarceration, Stroop opened-up in detail about his life. He also shared with Moczarski his


title: Jürgen Stroop

texts:
 letters from his mother, wife, and children in West Germany. Moczarski recalled: "The letters from his mother <mask> gave me to read ... seemed to indicate Frau <mask> did not view as crimes the acts for which Stroop is jailed."Moczarski collected notes and wrote a memoir about his 255-day incarceration from 2 March 1949 until 11 November 1949 in one cell with <mask> <mask> after his release from prison and re-habilitation in 1956 during the anti-Stalinist Polish October. His first draft was written in secrecy. Fifteen years after his ordeal ended, Moczarski published his memoir in installments in the Polish magazine Odra monthly in 1972–74. He did not witness the publication of his work in book form. The first shortened book version was released in 1977, two years after Moczarski's death. The full text without communist censorship was published in 1992 after the collapse of the Soviet Union, by Polish Scientific Publishers PWN. Moczarski died 27 September 1975 in Warsaw, weakened by the years of physical torture endured during his communist 'interrogations' by the UB secret police.The book titled Rozmowy z katem, with excerpts published in newspapers and magazines during his lifetime, was translated and published in English as Conversations with an Executioner by Prentice-Hall in 1981, hardcover, and is translated into several languages. On 18 April 2012, Philip Boehm's stage adaptation of Moczarski's memoir premiered at the Upstream Theater in St. Louis, Missouri, US. In popular culture

<mask> was portrayed in Jon

masks: Stroop Stroop Jürgen Stroop Stroop


title: Sarah Jackson (artist)

texts:
{{Infobox artist
| name = <mask>   <mask>
| image = <mask> in her studio, 1972.jpg
| image_size  = 250px
| caption = In her studio with wax Mythological Figure II, 1972
| pseudonym =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =Detroit, U.S.
| nationality = American-Canadian (American by birth; Canadian from 1970)
| death_date =
| death_place = Halifax, Canada
| style   = Digital art, Copy art, Mail art, Sculpture, Bookworks
| partner = <mask>
}}

<mask>  <mask>,  née Sherman (November 13, 1924 – May 18, 2004) was a Canadian artist. <mask> first became known for her sculptures and drawings, and then for her photocopy and digital art. She was an early user of the photocopier to make art, and used this practice to embrace mail art. Biography
She was born in Detroit in 1924, the only daughter of Jewish emigrants from Poland. At Wayne State University in Detroit, she studied Humanities, receiving BA and MA degrees, her thesis being on color and texture in primitive and modern sculpture. She graduated in 1948 and left for Mexico City where she taught English at Mexico City College and began her life as an artist. In 1949, she passed through England to visit Henry Moore and then continued to Paris where Henri Pierre Roché  (author of Jules and Jim) introduced her to Constantin Brâncuși and arranged for her to exhibit a suspended sculpture at the 1949 Salon des Réalités Nouvelles.After her marriage with architect <mask>, the couple lived in London, where her first solo show took place at the Galerie Apollinaire in 1951. Over the next five years, she participated in various London group shows and in 1956 with her husband and the Italian painter Emilio Scanavino formed group four in the exhibition This is Tomorrow at the Whitechapel Art Gallery. That year the couple moved to Canada, where she continued to work in plaster and, later, wax and have her sculptures cast into bronze and exhibited in various galleries. In 1961, she created a large

masks:
Sarah
Jackson
Sarah Jackson
Anthony Jackson
Sarah Jeanette
Jackson
Jackson
Anthony Jackson


title: Sarah Jackson (artist)

texts:
 bronze Dancer for Cloverdale Mall in Toronto, a copy of which was purchased by  Joseph H. Hirshhorn, who also bought other  sculptures and drawings, which are now in the Hirshhorn Museum, in Washington, D.C.
<mask> had been occasionally drawing and painting during the early 1950s, but from the latter part of the decade ink wash drawings became a major part of her work until the late 1980s. Her last bronze sculptures, three mythological figures, are in the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. In 1973, with the increasing cost of casting, <mask> turned to making sculptures out of everyday products and polyurethane foam. The following year, she started to explore the artistic possibilities of using current technology and was provided with a copier machine by Xerox Corporation, which subsequently donated some of her works to the Smithsonian American Art Museum.Appointed  artist–in–residence at the Technical University of Nova Scotia (Dalhousie University) in 1978, <mask> taught art and technology classes. She also arranged international copy art festivals and mail art exhibitions, believing that this could lead to an ideal democratic interchange between artists and the public, without regard to political, economic or cultural barriers. <mask> documented these with published catalogues including the 1985 International Mail/Copier Art Exhibition catalogue which received an award of excellence from the Art Museum Association of America. The assembled works were displayed both in London in 1987 and at the Canadian Museum of Civilization in 1992 and became part of the collection of the Canadian Postal Museum. <mask> also contributed to many art exhibitions abroad including two in Italy that were organized at Giuseppe Perotti School in Turin, 1987 and 1990, and subsequently collaborated with Lidia Chiarelli and British poet Aeronwy Thomas in developing Immagine & Poesia, a project that a few years later became the international artistic

masks: Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson


title: Sarah Jackson (artist)

texts:
 literary movement. During this period she also used copiers to create bookworks. From 1995 on, she worked exclusively with computers.<mask>'s last retrospective exhibition titled Spirit Journey / Bodies of Work at the  Art Gallery of Nova Scotia in 2001 included bronze sculptures, ink drawings, mixed media assemblages, photocopier art and digital paintings. Her extant work includes over 70 sculptures in bronze and approximately 1000 ink drawings, 1200 computer paintings and 20 mixed media sculptures (most of these and her early plaster sculptures having been photographed but now missing). The artist's own collection was bequeathed to her two children, Timothy and <mask>. January, 1952. Pierre Rouve, "Sculpture de Sarah <mask>", Prisme des arts, 6: 42. November, 1956. Guy Robert, "Eros et humour chez <mask>", Vie des Arts, 20: 30-31.Spring, 1975. Tom Coleman, "Xerox Art is No Copycat", Globe and Mail, Toronto. July 3, 1976. Peter Bromley, "<mask>", Visual Arts News, 1: 6-7. Fall 1977.<mask>. Doomsday Studios with the assistance of the National Film Board of Canada. video, 10 minutes.1980. Donna Smyth, "<mask>'s Eyeconography", Atlantic Provinces Book Review, 12:16. May–June, 1985.Canadian Who's Who, Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1996. David Liss, "Copy Art: What happened to the Pioneers? ", Artfocus'', 4: 20-23. Winter, 1996.Canadian contemporary artists
Canadian people of Polish-Jewish descent
Canadian women sculptors
American emigrants to Canada
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American women sculptors
Jewish American artists
Jewish Canadian artists
2004 deaths
1924 births
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century Canadian sculptors
20th-century American women artists
Wayne State University alumni
20th-century Canadian women artists
American expatriates in Mexico
American expatriates in France
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
20th-century American Jews
21st-century American Jews
21st-century

masks:
Jackson
Naomi Jackson
Jackson
Sarah Jackson
Sarah Jackson
Sarah Jackson
Sarah Jackson


title: William Wallace Atterbury

texts:
<mask> (January 31, 1866 – September 20, 1935) was a brigadier general in the United States Army during World War I, who began his career with the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in 1886 and rose through the ranks to become its tenth president (1925–1935). As director-general of transportation in France during the war, the New Albany, Indiana, native and Yale University graduate was instrumental in reorganizing railroad traffic for more efficient transportation of troops and supplies for the American Expeditionary Forces. He was also known as "The Railroad General". Under his leadership after the war, the Pennsylvania Railroad undertook a $250 million project to electrify major portions of its main line that ran between New York City and Washington, D.C. He also assisted in development of the company's first M1-class steam locomotive. <mask>, who was a recipient of the U.S. Army's Distinguished Service Medal, also received honors from France, England, Serbia, and Romania for his wartime military service. In addition, Atterbury was awarded honorary degrees from Yale, the University of Pennsylvania,  Villanova University, and Temple University.Camp Atterbury, a former U.S. Army training camp west of Edinburgh, Indiana, and Atterbury Army Airfield (later named Bakalar Air Force Base and the present-day Columbus, Indiana, municipal airport) were named in his memory. Early life and education
<mask> Atterbury was born in New Albany, Indiana, on January 31, 1866. He was the seventh son of Catherine Jones (Larned) and John Guest Atterbury, a former lawyer who became a Presbyterian missionary minister. <mask>, the youngest of twelve children, attended Yale University's Sheffield Scientific School, where he received a Ph.B.

masks:
William Wallace Atterbury
Atterbury
William Wallace
Atterbury


title: William Wallace Atterbury

texts:
 in 1886. While attending Yale, <mask> was a member of the Chi Phi Fraternity. Marriage and family
Atterbury married Matilda "Minnie" Hoffman on November 13, 1895, in Fort Wayne, Indiana.She died in 1910. On June 10, 1915, <mask> married Arminia Clara (Rosengarten) MacLeod of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Atterbury adopted MacLeod's sons, Malcolm, an actor known for Perry Mason among other works and George. <mask> and Arminia had a son named <mask> <mask> Jr. (1916–1995). The <mask> family resided in Radnor, a suburb of Philadelphia. Career

Early years
In 1886 <mask> began work as an apprentice in the Pennsylvania Railroad's shops at Altoona, earning five cents an hour. <mask> rose through the ranks to become general superintendent of motive power at the Altoona Works in 1901, a general manager of the Pennsylvania Railroad's lines east of Pittsburgh in 1903, and a company vice president in charge of transportation in 1909.On May 8, 1912, the railroad company named him a vice president in charge of operations. In 1916 <mask> also became president of the American Railway Association. World War I military service

On August 6, 1917, <mask> was granted a leave of absence from his position with the Pennsylvania Railroad to join the American Expeditionary Forces in France during World War I. <mask> served as the AEF's director-general of transportation. On October 5, 1917, he was commissioned a brigadier general in the United States Army. Between August 1917 and May 1919, <mask> supervised construction of harbor facilities and a portion of the railways in France that were assigned to the U.S. Army for maintenance and operation. The troops in France gave him the nickname of "General Attaboy" and he was also known as

masks:
Atterbury
Atterbury
William
William Wallace
Atterbury
Atterbury
Atterbury
Atterbury
Atterbury
Atterbury
Atterbury
Atterbury


title: William Wallace Atterbury

texts:
 "The Railroad General." <mask> was discharged from military service on May 31, 1919, and returned to civilian life in Pennsylvania.Postwar career
In 1920 <mask> resumed his career with the Pennsylvania Railroad as vice president in charge of operations. On October 1, 1925, he succeeded Samuel Rea to become the tenth president of the railroad company, a position he held until 1935. During <mask>'s tenure as company president, the Pennsylvania Railroad undertook a $250 million project to electrify a  multi-track main line that ran between New York City and Washington, D.C. Begun in 1928 and completed in 1935, it was the largest capital improvement project ever undertaken by an American railroad company up to that time. In addition, <mask> assisted in development of the company's first M1-class steam locomotive. <mask> retired from the railroad in 1935 due to ill health. <mask> was also active in Pennsylvania's state politics for several years. He served as a Pennsylvania delegate to the 1920 Republican National Convention and was a member of Pennsylvania's Republican State Committee.According to reports appearing in The Baltimore Sun in 1928 and The New York Times in 1930, he was elected to the Republican National Committee in 1928, but resigned from the post two years later because he refused support Gifford Pinchot, the Republican Party's gubernatorial nominee. <mask> served as a director on numerous boards of banking and trust institutions, railroad companies, and life insurance firms, among other businesses. He was also active in the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Civil Engineers, and the American Philosophical Society. Death and legacy
<mask> died of apoplexy at Bryn Mawr

masks: Atterbury Atterbury Atterbury Atterbury Atterbury Atterbury Atterbury Atterbury


title: William Wallace Atterbury

texts:
 Hospital in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania on September 20, 1935. He was buried at Old Saint David's Churchyard Cemetery in Radnor, Pennsylvania. On February 16, 1942, the U.S. War Department announced that its new military training camp under construction approximately  west of Edinburgh, Indiana, would be named Camp Atterbury in his memory. In April 1943 an air field established near Camp Atterbury was renamed Atterbury Army Airfield.(It was renamed Atterbury Army Air Base in June 1943 and Bakalar Air Base in 1954.) After its deactivation as a military base, the facility began operating as a civilian airfield, known as the Columbus Municipal Airport. Honors and tributes
For his service during World War I, the U.S. Army awarded <mask> the Army Distinguished Service Medal. He was also designated a Commander of the Legion of Honor (France), a Companion of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath (England), a Commander of the Royal Order of the White Eagle (Serbia), and a Grand Officer of the Order of the Crown (Romania). Atterbury was awarded an honorary M.A. degree from Yale University in 1911. He also received honorary LL.Ds from the University of Pennsylvania in 1919, Yale University in 1926, Villanova University in 1927, and Temple University in 1929.See also
 List of railroad executives

Notes

References

 "<mask> Atterbury." From

Further reading

1866 births
1935 deaths
Military personnel from Indiana
20th-century American railroad executives
Pennsylvania Railroad people

United States Army generals of World War I
United States Army generals
Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni

People from New Albany, Indiana
Pennsylvania Republicans
Members of the Philadelphia

masks:
Atterbury
William Wallace


title: Patricia Preece

texts: <mask> (22 January 1894 – 19 May 1966), born <mask>, was an English artist, associated with the Bloomsbury Group, and the second wife of painter Stanley Spencer, for whom she modelled. It was later discovered that nearly all of the artwork exhibited and sold by Preece was painted by her lifelong lover, Dorothy Hepworth. As a teenager, in 1911, Preece was involved in the death of dramatist W. S. Gilbert. While swimming in his lake, she lost her footing and called out; the 74-year-old Gilbert dived in to assist her, but he died of a heart attack. She soon adopted the name <mask> and became engaged, but her progressive views displeased her fiancé, who terminated their engagement. In 1918 Preece met Hepworth at the Slade School of Fine Art. After further studies in Paris, the two returned to Britain.Throughout their lives, the gregarious Preece exhibited and sold the shy Hepworth's paintings under her own name, while Preece painted very little herself. The fraud caused the artist Augustus John to declare Preece one of the six greatest women artists in England. In 1928, Preece and Hepworth moved to Cookham and befriended the artist Stanley Spencer. Spencer became obsessed with the flirtatious Preece, and he showered her with gifts. She persuaded him to divorce his first wife and to sign his house over to her. Preece married Spencer in 1937, but she did not leave Hepworth and refused to have sexual relations with Spencer. She eventually evicted Spencer from the house, and would not grant him a divorce, but continued to receive payments from him.The Preece-Spencer relationship was dramatised in the 1996 Olivier Award-winning play Stanley.

masks:
Patricia Preece
Ruby Vivian Preece
Patricia


title: Patricia Preece

texts:
 After he was knighted in 1959, she insisted on being styled Lady Spencer and claimed a pension as his widow. In later years, Preece traded in antiques. Early life; death of Gilbert
Preece was born in Kensington in London to an Army officer, James Duncan <mask> (1866–1940), and Ada Maude Webb (1865–1936), who married in 1891 in Kensington. She had an elder sister, Sibyl <mask> (1892–1991), and a younger brother, Graham Duncan Preece (1899–1975). By 1911, Preece and her brother were boarding at a school at 76 Welldon Crescent, Harrow. The school was run by two young women, Rebbie Freuer Wright (b.1886) and Winifred Isabel Emery (1890–1972), the niece of the actors Cyril Maude and Winifred Emery. Dramatist W. S. Gilbert, a friend of the Emery family, had an estate nearby called Grim's Dyke, on which there was a lake some distance from the house. On 29 May 1911, the 74-year-old Gilbert had arranged to give a swimming lesson in the lake to Preece and Emery. The three met at about 4 pm that day, and the young women entered the water before Gilbert. At the subsequent coroner's inquest, Preece stated, "I found that I could not stand and called out and Sir William swam to me. I put my hand on his shoulder and I felt him suddenly sink. I thought he would come up again.My feet were on the mud then. Miss Emery called for help and the gardeners came with the boat." The family doctor, Dr W.W. Shackleton, and Dr Daniel Wilson of nearby Bushey Heath Cottage Hospital, certified that Gilbert had died at about 4:20 pm that afternoon of syncope (heart failure) brought on by excessive exertion. The coroner's jury, meeting on 31 May 1911, recorded a verdict

masks:
Preece
Duncan Preece


title: Patricia Preece

texts:
 of accidental death. The incident is described in the documentary Metro-land. Newspapers printed verbatim the statement that Preece had given at the inquest, and they described her as a "fair-haired seventeen-year-old schoolgirl." Her father was a named mourner at Gilbert's funeral.A year later, Preece had changed her first name to <mask>. She was at a finishing school in Lytham St Annes and became engaged to an officer in the Royal Naval Reserve. She returned to London during World War I and lived in Kensington with her mother and sister while her father was serving in the war. She sketched fashion illustrations for periodicals, drove ambulances and became involved with the suffragette movement. Her fiancé ended their engagement. Art studies; the Spencers

In 1918, Preece enrolled at the Slade School of Fine Art, where she met a talented artist Dorothy Hepworth, who became her lifelong companion.<ref name=Pople2>Pople, Kenneth. "Renunciation :  The Last Postscript" .The Art and Vision of Stanley Spencer", accessed 3 June 2011</ref> With the help of Hepworth's wealthy family, they set up a home and studio together. Both studied drawing with Henry Tonks. Preece's early work was praised by Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant and Roger Fry. In the early 1920s, they lived mostly in Paris to continue their art studies, Preece studying principally with André Lhote. There, they were influenced by the lesbian art world of Natalie Barney's salon. Upon their return to London in 1925, however, they tried to avoid the opprobrium suffered by open lesbians and often claimed to be sisters. They became more involved with the Bloomsbury Group, some of the


title: Patricia Preece

texts: <mask>e.Spencer, Stanley. "Portrait of <mask>e", James Hyman Fine Art and Photographs, accessed 27 May 2013 By 1934, Spencer was concerned about Preece's finances and deteriorating health. He suggested that Preece and Hepworth move into the top floor of his house, but they did not do so.Carline was also concerned about their artist friends but was already suspicious of Spencer's relationship with Preece. Nevertheless, in 1934, Spencer persuaded Carline to paint a portrait of Preece. The resulting image shows both Carline's ambivalent feelings about Preece and the latter's change in demeanour since her more lighthearted days of financial independence. Soon afterwards, it became obvious that Spencer was obsessed with Preece. Carline spent more time with her mother and two daughters in Hampstead. Preece used her awareness of Spencer's sexual interest in her to manipulate him. Carline later wrote: "She vamped him to a degree unbelievable.… If he went to her house, she always received him half or quarter dressed." He bought her large amounts of clothing, jewellery and other gifts. Spencer's fantasy was to have both Carline and Preece as wives, both inspiring his art. In 1935, Preece accompanied Spencer for a second commission in Switzerland. Between 1935 and 1937, Spencer painted his famous series of nude portraits of Preece. Preece, aware of Spencer's fantasy for her to be his wife, insisted that he must obtain a divorce from Carline before she would marry him. Spencer became convinced that if he married Preece, he would then be able to persuade Carline to join them in a ménage-à-trois.Spencer's contact with his daughters became limited;

masks:
Patricia Preec
Patriciaec


title: Patricia Preece

texts:
 maintaining two families and three houses, Spencer's finances rapidly deteriorated, and he was sued for debt. Preece continued to live with Hepworth.They evicted Spencer from his home in Cookham in 1938 in order to rent it out; Spencer fled to London, where his museum friends and art dealer helped him to put his finances in order, although he was forced to live modestly for many years. Spencer had two serious affairs but continued to love, and frequently visit, his first wife, until her death in 1950. Spencer attempted to divorce Preece in the 1950s, but she hired lawyers and prevented this. After he was knighted in 1959, she always insisted on being styled Lady Spencer and claimed a pension as his widow. During the post-war years, she also conducted a profitable hobby in trading antiques. Hepworth continued to paint, and her paintings continued to be exhibited under Preece's name, even after Preece's death. Death and legacy
Preece died in May 1966 aged 72, in Maidenhead, Berkshire.Hepworth survived her by a dozen years, slowly losing her eyesight, and was sometimes cared for by Preece's sister Sybil from London. She died aged 80 in 1978. <mask> and Hepworth are buried together in Cookham Cemetery. Carline had earlier been laid to rest in the cemetery. Spencer's remains were cremated and buried in the churchyard of the church in Cookham. Preece's posthumous memoir of her life with Spencer (earlier written with Louise Collis) was published by Heinemann in 1972 as Stanley Spencer: A Private View. The painful intricacies of the Preece-Spencer-Carline relationship became the subject in 1996 of a play by the feminist playwright Pam


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts:
<mask> I, also known as <mask> or <mask> I (; died in 1196) was emperor (or tsar) of Bulgaria from 1187 or 1188 to 1196 as the co-ruler with his elder brother, <mask>. He was the son of a wealthy shepherd from the mountains of the Byzantine theme (district) of Paristrion. All contemporaneous chronicles describe <mask> I and his brothers as Vlachs. <mask> and Peter (who was still known as Theodor at that time) went to see the Byzantine emperor, <mask>, in Thrace in 1185, to demand an estate in the Balkan Mountains. After the Emperor had refused them, the brothers persuaded their compatriots to rise up against the Byzantine Empire. Peter was crowned emperor before the end of the year. After <mask> II defeated them in early 1186, <mask> and Peter fled over the Danube, but they returned in the autumn, accompanied by Cuman reinforcements.They captured Paristrion and began pillaging the nearby Byzantine territories. <mask> became his brother's co-ruler in 1187 or 1188. Peter made a peace with the Byzantines, but <mask> continued the fight. They divided their realm, with Asen receiving Tarnovo and its region. <mask> made a series of raids against Byzantine territories and expanded his rule over the lands along the Struma River in the early 1190s. A boyar (aristocrat), <mask>, stabbed him to death in 1196. Early life

The careers of <mask> and his brother, Theodor, suggest they were descended from a prominent family, according to historian Alicia Simpson.Historian Alexandru Madgearu says their father was most probably a wealthy man who owned herds in the Balkan

masks:
Ivan Asen
Asen I
John Asen
Peter II
Asen
Asen
Isaac II Angelos
Isaac
Asen
Asen
Asen
Asen
Ivanko
Asen


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts: Mountains. <mask>'s birth date is unknown. The Synodikon of Tsar Boril calls him "<mask> Asen Belgun". One of the Lives of <mask> of Rila confirms that <mask> (or <mask>) was his baptismal name. His other two names are of Turkic origin: Asen came from a Turkic word meaning "sound, safe, healthy", Belgun from a word for "wise". The ethnic background of <mask> and his brothers is still a source of controversy among historians. Chronicles written in the late 12th and early 13th centuries unanimously described them as Vlachs (predecessors of modern Romanians).Their close relationship with the Cumans, and the Turkic etymology of Asan's names, implies they were of Cuman or Pecheneg stock. According to a scholarly theory, the multiethnic character of their homeland, the Byzantine theme (or district) of Paristrion, makes it probable that Bulgarians, Vlachs and Cumans were among their ancestors. Robert of Clari, author of a chronicle of the early history of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, stated that <mask> (whom Clari confused with his younger brother, Kaloyan) had "once [been] a sergeant of the emperor, having charge of one of the emperor's horse farms". He noted that <mask> was obliged to send sixty to one hundred horses to the imperial army at the Emperor's order. According to Simpson, Clari's report may only show that <mask> was not a landowner, but a pastoralist. In the autumn of 1185, the Byzantine Emperor <mask> Angelos encamped at Kypsela in Thrace (now İpsala in Turkey) during his campaign against the Normans of Sicily, who had invaded the Byzantine Empire.

masks:
Asen
Ioan
Ivan
Ivan
Ioan
Asen
Asen
Asen
Asen
Isaac II


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts:
 Theodor and Asen came to the camp to meet with the Emperor.Byzantine historian Niketas Choniates suggests they came only to provide grounds for their uprising. Clari says, <mask>, as the manager of an imperial horse farm, was to come to the imperial court "once a year". Theodor and <mask> requested a grant from the Emperor, but its nature is uncertain. The words of Choniates, who recorded the events, suggest they applied for a pronoia (revenues of an imperial estate). On the other hand, a pronoia of little value was seldom granted personally by the monarch. This implies the brothers demanded something more, such as the governorship of a district, or the administration of a semi-independent territory, according to modern scholarly theories. The Emperor rebuffed the brothers' request, but they dared to argue with his decision.<mask>, whom Choniates characterized as the "more insolent and savage of the two", was especially impertinent and was "struck across the face and rebuked for impudence" at the command of <mask> II's uncle, John Doukas. They were not detained and could leave the Emperor's camp. Uprising

Beginnings

A special tax, levied to finance the Emperor's marriage to Margaret of Hungary had brought the Bulgarian and Vlach population to the edge of an uprising before the public humiliation of <mask> and his brother at the imperial camp. In spite of the general discontent, the brothers were initially unable to stir up a rebellion, because their compatriots did not believe they had any chance against the imperial troops. Theodor and <mask> took advantage

masks: Asen Asen Asen Isaac Asen Asen


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts: of the sack of Thessaloniki by the Normans, during which icons of Demetrius of Thessaloniki, the patron saint of the town, were taken to Bulgaria. They built a "house of prayer" and summoned Bulgarian and Vlach shamans to the site. The brothers instructed these "demoniacs", as Choniates called them, to declare before the mob that God "had consented to their freedom" and Saint Demetrius would "come over to them" from Thessaloniki "to be their helper and assistant" against the Byzantines.Theodor was crowned and assumed the name Peter, thus adopting the name of a 10th-century tsar (or emperor) of Bulgaria. The coronation and Theodor's new name are evidence the brothers wanted to demonstrate from the beginning they had established a state which was the political successor of the First Bulgarian Empire. They laid siege to Preslav, the old capital of the Bulgarian Empire but could not capture it. During the first months of 1186, the brothers made plundering raids against Thrace, seizing captives and cattle. <mask> II led a counteroffensive against the rebels in person, but they resisted the invaders hiding in "inaccessible places" in the mountains. It was only the solar eclipse of 21 April 1186 that enabled the imperial troops to mount an unexpected attack and defeat the rioters. Peter and <mask> fled from their homeland and crossed the Lower Danube, seeking military assistance from the Cumans.<mask> thought his victory was decisive and returned to Constantinople without securing the defense of Paristrion. Peter and <mask> made an alliance with some Cuman chieftains

masks:
Isaac
Asen
Isaac II
Asen


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts:
 who helped them to return to the Byzantine Empire in the autumn. Choniates wrote contradictory reports about the negotiations between the brothers and the Cumans. In a formal speech, he attributed the alliance to Peter's efforts; in his chronicle, he emphasized <mask>'s role. Shortly after their return, the brothers took control of Paristrion and launched a plundering expedition against Thrace. Asen's military tactics—the application of sudden raids and quick withdrawals—prevented the imperial troops from making successful counterattacks. Choniates emphasized the brothers were not simply content to seize Mysia (or Paristrion) but had decided to "unite the political power of Mysia and Bulgaria into one empire as of old", referring to their attempt to restore the First Bulgarian Empire.Co-ruler

Seals bearing the inscription <mask> "basileus" (or emperor) of the Bulgarians were found in Constantinople and other places. According to George Akropolites, "<mask> ruled over the Bulgarian race as emperor for nine years" before he died in 1196. This suggests <mask> became his brother's co-ruler in 1187 or 1188. The Byzantines launched a series of unsuccessful campaigns against the rebellious Bulgarians and Vlachs, but they could not prevent Peter and <mask> from securing their rule in Paristrion. <mask> personally led his troops against the brothers' realm and laid siege to Lovech in the spring of 1188. Although he could not occupy the fortress, the Byzantines captured <mask>'s wife, Helen, and his younger brother, Kaloyan. He was held hostage in Constantinople for

masks:
Asen
Ivan
Asen
Asen
Asen
Isaac II
Asen


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts: years.The arrival of the crusader army of the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, in the Balkan Peninsula in July 1189 enabled Peter and <mask> to occupy new territories of the Byzantine Empire. One of the chronicles of Barbarossa's crusade, The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick, explicitly mentions that they seized "the region where the Danube flows into the sea" (present-day Dobruja) and parts of Thrace. When writing of the negotiations between Barbarossa and the brothers' envoys during the march of the crusaders across the Balkans, primary sources mention only Peter, suggesting he was regarded as the senior ruler of Bulgaria. The crusaders left the Balkans for Asia Minor in March 1190. Shortly after the crusaders' departure, <mask> Angelos moved into the lands under the rule of Peter and <mask>. He could not defeat the Vlachs and Bulgarians, because they avoided a pitched battle, forcing the Emperor to start to retreat. The imperial army was ambushed and defeated at a mountain pass.The victorious Vlachs and Bulgarians, along with their Cuman allies, launched new raids against Thrace, pillaging Anchialos (now Pomorie in Bulgaria) and other towns. <mask> defeated the Cumans near Adrianople (now Edirne in Turkey) in April 1191. Thereafter his cousin, Constantine Angelos Doukas, routed Peter and <mask>'s troops in a series of battles. A eulogy delivered in praise of <mask> II in 1193 referred to <mask> as a "reckless and obdurate rebel", surrounded by "imperial traps", while describing Peter as a "stumbling block" and an "adverse wind" to

masks:
Asen
Isaac II
Asen
Isaac II
Asen
Isaac
Asen


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts: his brother. The speech shows, Byzantine intrigues stirred up a conflict between the brothers in 1192. Madgearu says, Peter was allegedly willing to make peace with the Byzantines, but <mask> wanted to continue the war. Akropolites knew that Peter moved from Tarnovo to Preslav at an unspecified date, a region known as "Peter's land" even in the 13th century.Historians Madgearu and Paul Stephenson agree, the sources provide evidence the brothers divided their realm around 1192, with Asen retaining Tarnovo and its region. After Constantine Angelos Doukas was blinded during the rebellion against <mask>, the Vlachs and the Bulgarians resumed their attacks against the Byzantine Empire. The Emperor dispatched Alexios Gidos and Basil Vatatzes to wage war against the invaders, but their united armies were almost annihilated in the Battle of Arcadiopolis. Peter and Asen conquered new territories in Thrace, including Plovdiv. <mask> decided to launch a new campaign to recover Thrace himself. While he was mustering his troops at Kypsela, his brother, Alexios, captured and blinded him on 8 April 1195. Alexios <mask> sent envoys to Peter and <mask>, proposing to make peace with them.The brothers refused the new emperor's proposal. <mask> moved into Byzantine territory and defeated Alexios Aspietes. He captured the Byzantine fortresses along the River Struma leaving Vlach and Bulgarian troops to garrison them. A new Byzantine army, under the command of the Emperor's son-in-law, <mask>, launched a counterinvasion. <mask>'s Vlach, Bulgarian and Cuman troops surrounded the

masks:
Asen
Isaac II
Isaac II
III
Asen
Asen
Isaac Komnenos
Asen


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts:
 invaders and defeated them near Serres. Komnenos was captured by a Cuman warrior who secretly tried to hold him to ask for a huge ransom from the Emperor. When <mask> was informed of Komnenos's capture, he ordered the Cuman to hand over his captive.Death

A boyar <mask> stabbed <mask> in 1196, but the motive for this act is uncertain. Choniates, who narrated the events, recorded two versions. According to one account, the captive <mask> persuaded <mask>ko to kill the Tsar, promising to give his daughter in marriage to him. The second version claims, <mask> had "clandestine sexual relations with the sister of <mask>'s wife", but their affair was revealed to <mask>. He decided to have his sister-in-law executed for the illicit love affair which insulted his family, but his wife persuaded him to punish <mask>ko instead of her sister. <mask> ordered <mask> to come to his tent late at night. <mask> who had been informed about the tsar's decision came with a sword hidden under his garments.He killed <mask> during the meeting. Choniates stated, <mask> wanted to rule "more justly and equitably" than Asan who had "governed everything by the sword". Stephenson concludes, Choniates' words show that <mask> had introduced a "reign of terror", intimidating his subjects with the assistance of Cuman mercenaries. Vásáry, however, says the Byzantines encouraged <mask> to kill <mask>. <mask> attempted to assume control in Tarnovo with Byzantine support, but Peter forced him to flee to the Byzantine Empire. Peter charged Kaloyan with the governing of Asen's realm. Family
Asen

masks:
Asen
Ivanko
Asen
Isaac Konenos
Ivan
Ivanko
Asen
Asen
Ivan
Asen
Ivanko
Ivanko
Asen
Ivanko
Asen
Ivanko
Asen
Ivanko


title: Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria

texts:
 fathered at least two sons, <mask> and Alexander.<mask>, who was born around 1193, became the emperor of Bulgaria in 1218. His younger brother, Alexander, bore the title sebastokrator during <mask> II's reign. See also
 Asen Peak

Notes

References

Sources

Primary sources

 George Akropolites: The History (Translated with and Introduction and Commentary by Ruth Macrides)  (2007). Oxford University Press. .
 O City of Byzantium, Annals of Niketas Choniatēs (Translated by Harry J. Magoulias)  (1984). Wayne State University Press. . The Conquest of Constantinople: Robert of Clari (Translated with introduction and notes by Edgar Holmes McNeal)  (1996). Columbia University Press. .
 "The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick".In The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts (Translated by G. A. Loud)  (2013). Ashgate Publishing. pp. 33–134. . Secondary sources

External links

|-

13th-century births
1196 deaths
12th-century murdered monarchs
12th-century Bulgarian emperors
Deaths by stabbing in Bulgaria
Murdered Bulgarian monarchs
Eastern Orthodox monarchs
Asen dynasty
Bulgarian people of the Byzantine–Bulgarian

masks:
Ivan Asen
Ivan Asen
Ivan Asen


title: Angela Taylor

texts:
<mask> (born March 16, 1965) is a scholar in China, a retired American athlete and collegiate coach. She earned nine Gateway titles at Illinois State University. She was a three-time indoor long jump champion and won the 60-meter high hurdles in 1987. In her post-collegiate athletic career, she competed against Jackie Joyner-Kersee in the women's heptathlon and was a member of various U.S. national teams and a finalist in the heptathlon in the 1992 Olympics trials. She finished 1992 ranked 30th in the world. After retiring as a competitive athlete, <mask> coached Women's cross country and track and field from 1990 to 2008 at various universities. She has been affiliated with the USA Track and Field (USATF) National Governing Body since 1992.She was officially inducted in the Hall of Fame on October 18, 2008 at Illinois State University. <mask> is CEO and Co-Founder of Hepta 7291. Education
<mask> attended college at Illinois State University, where she starred in track and field from 1983–1987. She was a nine-time Gateway Conference champion during her four years as a member of the Illinois State Redbirds. She earned nine Gateway titles at Illinois State, four coming during the indoor season and five as a member of the outdoor team. She was a three-time indoor long jump champion and won the 60-meter high hurdles in 1987. As part of the Illinois State Redbirds outdoor team, <mask> claimed three long jump titles in addition to her championship in the 100-meter dash and hurdles events in her senior year.She served as team captain and also picked up Most Valuable Track and Field honors. <mask> held two Illinois State outdoor track and field records. Her 100-meter hurdles (13.61) record stood for 31 years before it was broken in 2018, while her long jump record (20-05.75) lasted for 32 years until it was broken in 2019. <mask> went on to expand her education by obtaining a Master’s in Public Administration from George Mason University, Fairfax VA and completed a PhD in Leadership in Higher Education from Capella University. Career
Dr. <mask> began her coaching career at Louisiana State University

masks:
Angela Taylor
Angela Taylor
Angela Taylor
Angela Taylor
Angela Taylor
Angela Taylor
Angela Taylor
Angela Taylor