title: Gerald Mason

texts:
 Curtis commented, "I'm not his victim any more. My son is not his victim any more. I'm so grateful, and I had to wait this long. It's worth the wait." In a 2003 interview with People Magazine, Jerri <mask>, <mask>'s daughter, said, "There really aren't words to describe the range of emotions we've gone through." Even so, she insisted, "I could not have had a better father."This story was shown on episodes of "Cold Case Files," Forensic Files, 48 Hours Mystery and Murder Book. <mask> died in prison on January 22, 2017, 9 days before his 83rd birthday. He had spent 14 years in prison. His next parole hearing was still 7 years away. References

Sources
"The Ghosts Of El Segundo: Cold-Blooded Crime Haunts Investigators For Half A Century", CBS News, October 2, 2004. (URL last accessed November 17, 2006). "Final Justice: The Past Catches Up with <mask>, a Murderer on the Lam Since 1957", People Magazine, Author: Patrick Rogers, Date: May 19, 2003.(accessed August 11, 2010). "The Ghosts Of El Segundo: Cold-Blooded Crime Haunts Investigators For Half A Century", CBS News, Author: Rebecca Leung, Date: October 2, 2004. (accessed August 11, 2010). “Man sentenced to life in two 1957 murders” Los Angeles Times, Authors: Richard Winton, Steve Berry, Date: March 25, 2003. (Accessed August 29, 2015)

1934 births
2017 deaths
American people convicted of burglary
American rapists
American robbers
People from Columbia, South Carolina
American people convicted of murdering police officers
Criminals from South Carolina
Prisoners and detainees of South Carolina
American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment
Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by South Carolina
Prisoners who died in South Carolina detention
People convicted of murder by

masks:
Mason Whittaker
Gerald Mason
Death Mason
Gerald Mason


title: Erin "Syd" Sidney

type: original

texts:
<mask>Syd" <mask> is an American singer, songwriter and record producer originally from Vermont, United States. Syd has been described as a, "complex musician that can definitely craft an intelligent pop song". He has been writing and performing music professionally since the late 1990s both as Syd and as part of several groups. He continues to perform and now produces records as well. Beginning
He was born in Burlington, Vermont in 1982 to an artistic family with a background in music, writing and acting. He grew up deeply immersed in the music business. His father <mask> is a guitarist, songwriter and music business multi-tasker.When Syd was a child, Don held various positions in the music business, including; a role at George Wein's Festival Productions (Newport Folk Festival, Newport Jazz Festival and New Orleans Jazz Festival), production manager at the Roseland Ballroom and an executive position at the House of Blues corporation. He also provided tour management for rock groups like Lynyrd Skynyrd, Etta James and They Might Be Giants. Growing up in the live music circuit and spending time backstage at festivals, Syd had the unique experience of meeting some musical legends and watching musical luminaries like Bonnie Raitt, BB King, The Neville Brothers and dozens more from the side of the stage. Syd's early musical career was set in motion when a Gretsch drum set his paternal grandfather bought in the 50s made its way his mother's house in Thetford, VT. The drums became an everyday part of life for Syd, and soon his skills on the drums developed. He quickly branched out into learning the guitar and bass guitar as well. By the end of high school Syd was playing school assemblies, parties and local coffee shops.Boston
In the fall of 2000, Syd began attending classes at Emerson College in Boston, Massachusetts. He became friends with other musicians and creative peers, some of whom would remain a part of his musical projects for decades to come. During his

masks:
Erin "
Sidney
Don Sidney


title: Eberhard Jäckel

texts:
<mask> (; 29 June 1929 – 15 August 2017) was a German historian. In the 1980s he was a principal protagonist in the Historians' Dispute (Historikerstreit) over how to incorporate Nazi Germany and the Holocaust into German historiography. Career
Born in Wesermünde, Hanover, <mask> studied history at Göttingen, Tübingen, Freiburg, Gainesville, and Paris after World War II. After serving as an assistant and docent at Kiel until 1966, he taught from 1967, following Golo Mann, as Professor for Modern History at the University of Stuttgart, a position he retained until retirement in 1997. Jäckel's PhD dissertation was turned into his first book c, 1966's Frankreich in Hitlers Europa (France In Hitler's Europe), a study of German policy towards France from 1933 to 1945. <mask> first rose to fame through his 1969 book Hitlers Weltanschauung (Hitler's Worldview), which was an examination of Hitler's world view and beliefs. Jäckel argued that far from being an opportunist with no beliefs as had been argued by Alan Bullock, Hitler held to a rigid set of fixed beliefs, and he had consistently acted from his "race and space" philosophy throughout his career.In <mask>'s opinion, the core of Hitler's world view was his belief in what Hitler saw as the merciless struggle for survival between the "Aryan race" and the "Jewish race" and in his belief that stronger "races" possessed large amounts of Lebensraum (living space). In <mask>'s view, everything that Hitler did throughout his life stemmed from the beliefs he had adopted in the 1920s. Jäckel has argued that Hitler felt there were three factors that determined a people's "racial value" — namely its awareness of itself, the

masks:
Eberhard Jäckel
Jäckel
Jäckel
Jäckel
Jäckel


title: Eberhard Jäckel

texts:
 type of leadership it had, and its ability to make war. According to Jäckel, for Germany these meant ultranationalism, the Führerprinzip (Führer principle), and militarism, and all three were the constants of Hitler's beliefs throughout his life. In Jäckel's opinion, Mein Kampf is a long rant against the three principles that Hitler saw as the antithesis of his three sacred principles — namely, internationalism, democracy and pacifism. Jäckel asserts that for Hitler "the originators and bearers of all three counterpositions are the Jews". In Jäckel's view, in the Zweites Buch of 1928, Hitler:

established for the first time a logical link between his foreign policy conception and his antisemitism.They were synthesized in his view of history. With this, Hitler's Weltanschauung had finally achieved the kind of consistency for which he had groped for a long time. In this way, Jäckel argues that Mein Kampf was not only a "blueprint" for power, but also for genocide. In <mask>'s view:

He [Hitler] had to annihilate the Jews, thus restoring the meaning of history, and with the thus restored, nature-intended struggle for existence, he at the same time had to conquer new living space for the German people. Each of these tasks was inextricably linked to the other. Unless the Jews were annihilated there would very soon no longer be any struggle for living space, nor therefore any culture and consequently nations would die out; not just the German nation, but ultimately all nations. But if, on the other hand, the German people failed to conquer new living space, it would die out because of that and the Jews would triumph.<mask> takes the view that Hitler's ideology

masks: Jäckel Jäckel


title: Eberhard Jäckel

texts:
 developed in stages in the 1920s, and wrote "It is an important fact that the final completion [of Hitler's ideology], contrary to Hitler's own statements, in 1919 had only begun". In addition, <mask>'s book was noteworthy as the first account of Hitler's beliefs written in Germany by someone from the left. (Jäckel joined the SPD in 1967.) In regard to the foreign policy debates, Jäckel is a leading "continentalist", arguing that Nazi foreign policy aimed only at the conquest of Eastern Europe against the "globalists," who argue that Hitler wanted world conquest

The Genesis of the Final Solution
Jäckel is one of the leading intentionalists in regard to the functionalism versus intentionalism debate, arguing from the 1960's on that there was a long-range plan on the part of Hitler to exterminate the Jewish people from about 1924 on, views that led to intense debates with functionalist historians such as Hans Mommsen and Martin Broszat. Jäckel dismissed the argument made by Broszat in his 1977 essay "Hitler and the Genesis of the Final Solution" that local officials began the Holocaust on their own initiative under the grounds that a:

great deal of evidence that some [local officials] were shocked or even appalled when the Final Solution came into effect. To be sure, they did not disagree with it. But they agreed only reluctantly, referring again to an order given by Hitler.This is a strong indication that the idea did not originate with them. In the late 1970's, Jäckel was a leading critic of the British author David Irving and his book Hitler’s War, which argued that Hitler was unaware of the Holocaust. Jäckel in his turn wrote a series of newspaper articles


title: Eberhard Jäckel

texts:
 Rechtsstaat (Law State) and the Polizeistaat (Police State) in Nazi Germany. Jäckel argued that for the representatives of the Rechtsstaat like the Ministry of Justice, the "Final Solution" was a bureaucratic process to deprive Jews of their civil rights and to isolate them, whereas for representatives of Polizeistaat like the SS, the "Final Solution" was genocide. Jäckel argued that Hitler's order to Lammers to tell Schlegelberger that to wait until after the war before concerning him about the "impracticable" details of the divorce laws between German Jews and "Aryans" was simply Hitler's way of putting Schlegelberger off. Jäckel ended his essay that the "lost" document in no way proved that Hitler was unaware of the Holocaust, and accused Irving of deceitfulness in claiming otherwise. In 1980, <mask>, together with Axel Kuhn, published Hitler: Sämtliche Aufzeichnungen 1905-1924, a collection of primary documents that record all of Hitler speeches and writings in the period from 1905-1924. Included in the book were every surviving letter, postcard, note and poem written by Hitler.In their opinion, the editors concluded, there was a real change in Hitler's personality in 1919, with his writings before that year having been relatively apolitical, and his writings starting in 1919 showing an increasing obsession with antisemitism. In April 1981, it was revealed that 16 of the six hundred documents published in Hitler: Sämtliche Aufzeichnungen 1905-1924 were forgeries. The Historikerstreit
In the Historikerstreit (Historians' Dispute) of 1986-88, Jäckel was a prominent critic of Ernst Nolte, whose theory of Nazi crimes as a reaction to Soviet crimes was


title: Eberhard Jäckel

texts:
 East is ripe for collapse." Hitler still believed this in 1941 when he had his soldiers invade Russia without winter equipment.Recently, <mask> has modified his position. He now believes that most of the initiatives for the Holocaust came from Hitler, though it was more the result of a series of ad hoc decisions rather than a masterplan on the part of Hitler. In 1998, <mask> argued that Hitler was able to begin the Holocaust in mid-1941 by playing Himmler against Heydrich. Jäckel argued that though Himmler was antisemitic, he was less enthusiastic about genocide than Heydrich, whereas the latter saw genocide as a way of obtaining Hitler's support for building a power base outside of Himmler's control. In Jäckel's view, antisemitism was a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the Holocaust under the grounds that people had been intensely antisemitic in Europe for centuries without genocide occurring. In contrast to the functionalists who have argued for the "weak dictator" thesis about Hitler's power, Jäckel has supported the "master of the Third Reich" thesis and has described Hitler's power as Alleinherrschaft (sole rule). Uniqueness of the Holocaust
Against Nolte's claim that the Holocaust was not unique, but rather one of out many genocides, Jäckel rejected Nolte's view and those of his supporters like Joachim Fest by writing:

I, however claim (and not for the first time) that the National Socialist murder of the Jews was unique because never before had a nation with the authority of its leader decided and announced that it would kill off as completely as possible a particular group of humans, including old people, women, children and infants, and


title: Eberhard Jäckel

texts: actually put this decision into practice, using all the means of governmental power at its disposal.This idea is so apparent and so well known that it is quite astonishing that it could have escaped Fest's attention (the massacres of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during the First World War were, according to all we know, more like murderous deportations than planned genocide). Jäckel accused Nolte, Fest and Klaus Hildebrand of engaging in a "game of confusion". Jäckel wrote that the "game of confusion" comprised posing hypotheses disguised as questions without proof, and when one demands proof, there is an angry response that "one is after all still allowed to ask!". In response to Jäckel's attack, Nolte in an essay published in the Die Zeit newspaper on 31 October 1986 wrote that Jäckel's attack was something that one might expect in an East German newspaper and that:" And I am amazed at the coldheartedness with which <mask> Jäckel says that not every single bourgeois was killed.". During a debate in London in 1987 to consider the Historikerstreit, Fest and Jäckel again clashed over the question of the "singularity" of the Holocaust with Fest accusing Jäckel of presenting a "caricature" of his and Nolte's views. The uniqueness and singularity of the Holocaust is a major theme of Jäckel's. In his view it is like no other genocide.In an essay published in Der Spiegel on 23 December 1991, Jäckel argued against those who claimed that the East German dictatorship was just as inhumane as the Nazi dictatorship. During the "Goldhagen Controversy" of 1996, Jäckel was a leading critic of Daniel Goldhagen, and wrote a very hostile book review in the Die Zeit


title: Eberhard Jäckel

texts:
 newspaper in May 1996 that called Hitler's Willing Executioners "simply a bad book". The Canadian historian Fred Kautz in defence of Goldhagen wrote that: "Jackel is not a "structuralist", but a Hitler biographer. He expounds the theory that Hitler alone was driven by the explicit desire to kill all the Jews and that in essence only he is guilty. This narrows down the question of guilt to only one evil person and absolves the "ordinary Germans.". Last years
The partnership with Lea Rosh begun in 1988 and led to a widely watched, four-part television documentary called Der Tod ist ein Meister aus Deutschland, a popular book of the same name, and the Geschwister-Scholl-Preis in 1990. With Lea, Jäckel also led the drive to create a memorial in Berlin to the murdered Jews of Europe.The  Holocaust-Mahnmal opened in 2005. On 33 March 2006 in a feuilleton (opinion) piece in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, <mask> wrote a book review that approved of Guenter Lewy's thesis in his book The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey about the 1915 Armenian Massacres, that there were massacres, but no genocide of the Armenians. <mask>'s critics accused him of disregarding the fact that Turkish troops were crossing the border and exterminating Armenians outside the Ottoman Empire in 1918 (young-Turkish campaign in Caucasus killing 40,000 Armenians) and in 1920 (Kemalist troops killing 60,000 civilians). Selected works
Frankreich in Hitlers Europa : die deutsche Frankreichpolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg, Stuttgart : Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1966. Hitlers Weltanschauung : Entwurf einer Herrschaft, Stuttgart : Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 1969 translated into English as Hitler's


title: Florian Froehlich

texts:
<mask> (born December 17, 1959 in Pfaeffikon in Switzerland), is a contemporary artist who creates paintings, sculptures, stained-glass, and installations. The artist

<mask> was, when starting out in art, strongly influenced by the School of Paris, in particular by artists such as Maurice Estève, Charles Lapicque and Nicolas de Staël. He had had contacts with the world of art on a regular basis from childhood on, as he is related to the famous Zurich art dealer Peter Nathan. He trained in medicine at the Universities of Zurich and Lausanne until 1996 and thereafter developed a progressive and lasting activity as an artist in tandem with his professional life. He is living since 1996 in Porrentruy in the Swiss Jura. His close friendship and collaboration with the Swiss artist Jacques Minala lead him to become familiar with the technique of stained glass. Since 2003, he is member of the Swiss Stained Glass Artists Society Verarte.ch which led to several group exhibitions in the Vitromusée Suisse de Romont, in particular in 2009.From 2003 to 2009, Froehlich worked intensely on the "Saignelégier Steles" for the catholic church in Saignelégier, Jura Switzerland, project which received national funding from the Swiss Confederation, and which was executed in collaboration with the glass master-craftsman Roland Béguin), and the metalwork artist J.-P. Scheuner using experimental techniques. The novel concept of the stele allows keeping all the church's luminosity by occupying only a very limited space. In contrast to normal stained glass which is not lit, Froehlich is using in Saignelégier artificial light: indeed, three steles, called the Golgotha group, are strongly backlit. Every of the 21 four-meter high steles is associated with a text from the bible commented by Father Bernard

masks:
Florian Froehlich
Florian Froehlich


title: Florian Froehlich

texts:
 amplifying a specific detail. This has given his compositions an amplitude and a liberty which bring them into line with the spirit of our times, using a multitude of techniques: pencil, charcoal, water colour, collage, acrylics and even encaustic painting,  a very ancient technique using beeswax. The spirit of the Renaissance pervades his work: the intellectual excursion into humanism, a perfect mastery of the use of perspective and the magic that is beauty. Froehlich rejuvenates this era with an artistic vision which is both new and contemporary. One of the focuses of Froehlich's work is the Biblical character, Haman, taking as his base a small sketch by Bartolomeo Passarotti whose subject was used in the painting of the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by Michelangelo.Peter-Paul Rubens took up the subject of this sketch during the following century, reworking it in his manner. What liberty this inter-inspiration between artists permits! Pierre Hügli, an art magazine publisher wrote: “Who of the contemporary artists will show a passion for the sketches of the old masters, these riches hidden away in the archives, to the point of making them the starting point of a one-of-a-kind artistic creation?»

The culmination of Froehlich's work can be seen in this autumn 2018's exhibition « Renaissance Magic » at the BLOCH Foundation (FARB) in Delémont. Two concerts will take place in tandem with the exhibition, featuring among others the works of the Romantic composer, Friedrich Théodor <mask> (1803–1836), friend of Franz Schubert and an ancestor of the artist. Froehlich's reference to  old master drawings is  original and coherent. His paintings are inducing both contemplation and happiness. In fall 2020, the Centre Saint-François in Delémont (Jura) displays BETWEEN HEAVEN  AND EARTH


title: Donté Stallworth

texts:
<mask> (born November 10, 1979) is a former American football wide receiver who played ten seasons in the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Tennessee and was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the first round of the 2002 NFL Draft. <mask> also played for the Philadelphia Eagles, New England Patriots, Cleveland Browns, Baltimore Ravens, and Washington Redskins. Early years
<mask> was born in Sacramento, California. He attended Grant Union High School in Sacramento, California where he was a star in football and track and field, PR of 10.49 seconds in the 100 meters and 7.16 meters in long jump. He was a high school teammate of former Minnesota Vikings running back Onterrio Smith and Tampa Bay Buccaneers wide receiver Paris Warren. College career
<mask> played college football at the University of Tennessee for the Volunteers, where his nickname was "Hands," as his teammates watched his ability to come up with seemingly impossible catches on a regular basis.Upon leaving for the NFL, his 1,747 reception yards ranked ninth in the school's all-time list. He majored in psychology. Professional career

New Orleans Saints
Stallworth was selected by the New Orleans Saints in the first round (13th overall) of the 2002 NFL Draft. He made his NFL debut versus the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on September 8. He caught eight touchdown passes in 2002, his rookie year, but saw less action the next season. As a full-time starter in 2004, he had 767 receiving yards and five touchdowns. In 2005, he recorded a career-high 70 receptions for 945 yards with seven touchdowns.Philadelphia Eagles

On August 28, 2006, <mask> was traded to the Philadelphia Eagles for linebacker Mark Simoneau and a conditional fourth round pick in the 2007 NFL Draft. In <mask>'s first game with the Eagles, less than two weeks after the trade, he caught six passes for 141 yards and a touchdown. Due to a nagging hamstring injury, he missed three games early in the regular season, but finished the year with 725 yards and

masks:
Donté Lamar Stallworth
Stallworth
Stallworth
Stallworth
Stallworth
Stallworth


title: Donté Stallworth

texts:
 five touchdowns. Hamstring injuries have been a persistent problem throughout his professional career. In March 2007, The Philadelphia Inquirer reported that <mask> was in the league substance abuse program. First stint with Patriots
On March 11, 2007, <mask> agreed to terms with the New England Patriots on a reported six-year deal worth $30 million with $3.5 million guaranteed. The contract was incentive laden, meaning that the Patriots could release him if he underperformed for a small fraction of the full contract.On February 22, 2008, the Patriots declined the option on his contract and he became a free agent. Cleveland Browns
On March 1, 2008, <mask> signed a seven-year, $35 million deal with the Cleveland Browns. However, he had just 17 catches for 170 yards and one touchdown for the Browns in 2008 and then missed the entire 2009 season after being suspended by the NFL following his conviction on manslaughter charges. On February 8, 2010, after being reinstated by the NFL, the Browns terminated <mask>'s contract. Baltimore Ravens
On February 16, 2010, <mask> signed a one-year, $900,000 deal with the Baltimore Ravens. On August 28, 2010, <mask> broke his foot in a preseason game against the New York Giants. Head Coach John Harbaugh stated that this injury was not season-ending and <mask> would be back after the Ravens' bye week.<mask> made his return to the active Ravens roster in October, but his highlight of the season came during a game against the Carolina Panthers where he made his first catch as a wide receiver for the franchise during a regular season game. On December 23, 2010, <mask> was voted by his teammates and awarded the Ed Block Courage Award for 2010. But his stats were grim. He had just two receptions for 82 yards, and five rushes for 45 yards. First stint with Redskins
<mask> signed a one-year deal with the Washington Redskins on July 29, 2011. On November 8, 2011, <mask> was released by the Washington Redskins and put on waivers. On November 15, 2011, he re-signed with the

masks: Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth


title: Donté Stallworth

texts:
 Redskins after wide receiver, Leonard Hankerson, and defensive end, Kedric Golston, were put on injured reserve.After his return to the team, <mask> would catch a touchdown pass in the endzone in Week 11 against the Dallas Cowboys allowing the Redskins to go into overtime. At the end of 2011 season, <mask> recorded 22 receptions, 309 receiving yards, and two touchdowns. Second stint with Patriots
On March 19, 2012, <mask> signed with the New England Patriots. On August 27, 2012, <mask> was released by Patriots. On December 3, 2012, <mask> re-signed with the Patriots because of a broken right foot suffered by wide receiver Julian Edelman and lack of depth at the wide receiver position. On December 11, it was reported that <mask> was placed on injured reserve with an ankle injury after only playing in one game during his brief return and making a 63-yard reception for a touchdown. Second stint with Redskins
<mask> re-signed with the Redskins on June 12, 2013.On August 26, 2013, <mask> was waived by the Redskins. NFL career statistics
Receiving stats

Returning stats

Rushing stats

Journalism
In September 2014, <mask> was hired by The Huffington Post for a six-month fellowship covering national security politics full-time, based in the company's Washington, D.C., office. Although the fellowship lasted six months, <mask> expressed hope that he would be hired permanently. In 2016 <mask> was hired by Daveed Gartenstein-Ross at Valens Global as a Strategy Consultant. <mask>'s work at Valens focuses on securing and hardening public venues against terror attacks. Personal life

DUI manslaughter charges
On the morning of March 14, 2009, <mask> struck and killed a pedestrian while driving his car at the eastern end of the MacArthur Causeway in Miami Beach, Florida. Around 7:15 a.m., <mask> was headed toward the beach, driving a black 2005 Bentley Continental GT about 50 mph in a 40 mph zone, according to a Miami Beach Police report.Mario Reyes, 59, was on the busy causeway, trying to catch a bus home

masks: Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth Stallworth


title: Donté Stallworth

texts:
 after finishing his shift. <mask> claims that he flashed his car's headlights to warn Reyes. <mask> struck Reyes with his car, killing him. In a police investigation, <mask> admitted to drinking the night before the accident. News sources reported that his blood alcohol content was 0.12, over the legal limit of 0.08. On April 1, 2009, <mask> was charged with DUI manslaughter; he surrendered to police on April 2, 2009, and was released on $200,000 bail. Under a plea deal, he received a sentence of 30 days in the county jail, plus 1,000 hours of community service, two years of community control, and eight years' probation.His Florida state driver's license was permanently suspended. On July 10, 2009, <mask> was released from county jail after serving 24 days of a 30-day sentence. The Associated Press reported on June 16, 2009, that <mask> and the Reyes family reached a financial agreement, avoiding a civil lawsuit. The amount of the settlement was not disclosed. On August 13, 2009, NFL commissioner Roger Goodell said <mask> would be suspended for the 2009 season without pay. <mask> was reinstated after Super Bowl XLIV. A Yahoo!Sports story reported that <mask>'s lawyers claimed he could have fought all charges, but that <mask> chose to be convicted of a felony. Balloon injury
<mask> was hospitalized with serious burns on March 16, 2013, after the hot air balloon carrying him and two other people crashed into power lines above South Florida. References

External links

1979 births
African-American players of American football
American football wide receivers
American people convicted of manslaughter
American sportspeople convicted of crimes
Baltimore Ravens players
Cleveland Browns players
Living people
Manslaughter trials
New England Patriots players
New Orleans Saints players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Players of American football from Sacramento, California
Tennessee Volunteers football players
Washington Redskins players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century


title: Arkady Bukh

texts:
<mask><mask> (; born July 25, 1972) is an American criminal defense attorney. He is best known for representing Azamat Tazhayakov, a college student charged with conspiring to obstruct justice and obstructing justice with the intent to impede a terrorism investigation in the aftermath of the Boston Marathon bombing. Boston Marathon bombing
Bukh represented Azamat Tazhayakov, one of the alleged co-conspirators in the Boston Marathon bombing. He was convicted in April 2014. The 19-year-old from Kazakhstan attended the University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth with Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the accused bomber. Tazhayakov was arrested and indicted for charges associated with evidence tampering. Cyber crime
Bukh has also represented international hackers, like Igor Klopov, Oleg Nikolaenko, Dmitry Naskovets, Vlad Horohorin, Vladimir Tsastsin, Aleksandr Panin, Maxym Shinkarenko, and others.Vladimir Tsastsin
Vladimir Tsastsin led an Estonian group that was able to place banners on the websites of unsuspecting webmasters, which resulted in payment for any clicks going not to the site owner but to the fraudsters. Additionally, Tsastsin was able to manipulate queries and ads and resell them. Despite being acquitted of all charges in Estonian court in December, 2013, Tsastsin was extradited to the U.S. in October, 2014. He faces multiple counts of fraud and money laundering in the Southern District of New York. Aleksandr Panin
Russian citizen Aleksandr Panin created the SpyEye Trojan that was used to attack online bank accounts. Panin was arrested in 2013 while on vacation in the Dominican Republic. Trapped in an FBI sting, Panin was extradited to the U.S, on charges of distributing SpyEye between 2009 and

masks:
Arkady L
. Bukh


title: Norman Reedus

texts:
<mask> (born January 6, 1969) is an American actor. He is known for starring in the popular AMC horror drama series The Walking Dead as Daryl Dixon, in the film The Boondock Saints (1999) and its sequel The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009) as Murphy MacManus, as Scud in Marvel's Blade II (2002), Marco in Deuces Wild (2002) and for his AMC TV show Ride with <mask>. He has acted in numerous films and television series, and modeled for various fashion designers (most recognizably Prada in the 1990s). Reedus also provided motion capture and voice acting for the lead character Sam Porter in the video game Death Stranding (2019). Early life
<mask> was born in Hollywood, Florida, the son of Marianne (née Yarber), a teacher, and <mask>. Reedus's paternal grandmother was of Italian descent, while his grandfather had English, Scottish and Irish ancestry. He attended Bethany College in Lindsborg, Kansas, for a semester.After living in Tokyo, he came to California to work at a Harley-Davidson shop in Venice, California, and contributed artwork to various shows as a painter, photographer, sculptor, and video artist. He first acted in the play Maps for Drowners at the Tiffany Theater on Sunset Boulevard. He was discovered at a bar in downtown Hollywood, singing and dancing where someone asked him if he wanted to act in a play. Career

Film and television

<mask> played Jeremy in his major film debut Mimic and Mac in Giovanni Rodriguez's Red Canyon. <mask> played Murphy MacManus in the 1999 film The Boondock Saints. He reprised the role in the 2009 sequel The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day. He played Scud in Blade

masks:
Norman Mark Reedus
Norman Reedus
Reedus
Ira Norman Reedus
Reedus
Reedus


title: Norman Reedus

texts:
 II.He guest-starred in Charmed as Nate, the boyfriend of Paige (Rose McGowan). Reedus starred in Hello Herman, which opened nationwide and on-demand on June 7, 2013. Reedus stars in the reality series Ride with <mask>us, which premiered in June 2016. Most recently, he started Bigbaldhead Productions with an overall deal at AMC. The Walking Dead
In 2010, <mask> began playing Daryl Dixon in the AMC television series The Walking Dead, a horror drama about a group of friends and family members who fight to survive in a violent apocalyptic world populated with flesh-eating zombies and the few surviving humans. The character was not originally in the comic book series of the same name, but was created specifically for Reedus after his audition for the character of Merle Dixon. The Walking Dead comic creator Robert Kirkman feels "absolutely blessed Reedus has honored the show with his presence, and the way he has come in and taken over that role and defined Daryl Dixon.A lot of <mask>'s portrayal of the character in the first season inspired all the writers to do what we did with him in the second season. We love writing him and end up doing cool stuff with him." The drama has evolved into the highest-rated in cable history, smashing all previous records. <mask> was nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance. <mask> is also set to reprise his role of Daryl as the lead of a spin-off series centered on his character and Carol Peletier (played by Melissa McBride), following the conclusion of the 11th and final season of The Walking Dead. Angela Kang will be the showrunner for the series,

masks:
Norman Reed
Reedus
Reedus
Reedus
Reedus


title: Norman Reedus

texts:
 which is set to debut in 2023. Modeling, music videos, and art
<mask> has modeled for Prada, Alessandro Dell'Acqua, Durban, Levi's, Lexus, and Morgenthal Fredrics.In 2015, Reedus posed for a Cruelty Free International advertisement in support of ending cosmetic tests on animals. In the mid-1990s, while working as a model, he appeared in the music videos for "Wicked as It Seems" by Keith Richards, "Violently Happy" by Björk, "Flat Top" by Goo Goo Dolls, "Cat's in the Cradle" covered by Ugly Kid Joe, "Strange Currencies" by R.E.M., and "Fake Plastic Trees" by Radiohead. In 1999, he appeared in the video for "Mean to Me" by Tonic. Since achieving fame as an actor, he has also appeared in the videos for "Judas" by Lady Gaga, "Sun Down" by Tricky (feat. Tirzah), "Gypsy Woman" by Hilary Duff, and "No Cities to Love" by Sleater-Kinney. He is also a painter, sculptor, and photographer, who currently shows his artwork in galleries in New York City, Berlin, and Frankfurt. He released a book of photography on October 31, 2013, called The Sun's Coming Up... Like a Big Bald Head, and in September 2014 announced a fan-art compilation called Thanks for All the Niceness.Video games
<mask> reprised his role as Daryl Dixon in the 2013 video game The Walking Dead: Survival Instinct, which is based on the television series. He was set to star in Hideo Kojima and Guillermo del Toro's reboot horror game Silent Hills, but Kojima left Konami and the game was canceled in 2015. <mask> starred in Hideo Kojima's video game Death Stranding. Personal life
Reedus was in a five-year relationship with supermodel Helena Christensen from 1998 to

masks: Reedus Reedus Reedus


title: Norman Reedus

texts:
 2003. Despite reports to the contrary, the two were never married. Together they have a son, Mingus <mask> (born 1999). They have remained friends and shared joint custody of their son.In February 2005, <mask> sustained a head injury when a truck collided with his car in Germany. His nose was reconstructed with the aid of four screws and his left eye socket with titanium. In 2015, during the filming of Sky, <mask> met Diane Kruger; the two were first seen together as a couple in July 2016. In November 2018, Kruger gave birth to their daughter; his second and her first child. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Music videos

Awards and nominations

References

External links

1969 births
Living people
American people of Italian descent
American people of English descent
American people of Scottish descent
American people of Irish descent
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male video game actors
Male models from Florida
Male actors from Florida
People from Hollywood, Florida
American emigrants to Ireland
American emigrants to Spain
American emigrants to Japan
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male

masks:
Lucien Reedus
Reedus
Reedus


title: Jason Miyares

texts:
<mask> (born February 11, 1976) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the 48th Attorney General of Virginia since January 15, 2022. A Republican, he was elected a member of the Virginia House of Delegates on November 3, 2015, from the 82nd district which encompasses part of Virginia Beach. He was elected Attorney General of Virginia in 2021. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Greensboro, North Carolina and attended public schools in Virginia Beach. His mother had fled from Cuba in 1965. <mask> earned a Bachelor of Business Administration from James Madison University and a Juris Doctor from College of William & Mary’s Law School. He later served as an assistant commonwealth's attorney in Virginia Beach.Career
Miyares worked on George Allen's 2000 Senate campaign. He was later campaign manager and advisor to Republican Scott Rigell in the 2010 and 2012 congressional elections. He was later a partner with the consulting firm Madison Strategies. He also worked at the Virginia Beach law firm Hanger Law until his election to the office of Attorney General. Virginia House of Delegates
In 2015, <mask> ran for the Virginia House of Delegates' seat being vacated by Bill DeSteph, who ran successfully for the Virginia State Senate. Unopposed in the June 2015 Republican primary, he defeated Democrat Bill Fleming in the November 2015 general election. He was the first Cuban American elected to the Virginia General Assembly.He was reelected in 2017 and 2019. <mask> voted against the Medicaid expansion bill (HB 5001) in the 2018 legislative session. He endorsed Marco Rubio in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries, and was Rubio's Virginia campaign co-chairman. In 2016, amid the Cuban thaw, Miyares criticized Governor Terry McAuliffe's outreach to Cuba. <mask> introduced a non-binding resolution (H.J. 1777) in 2016 condemning the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement. Miyares opposes abortion, with exceptions in cases of rape, incest, and protecting the life of the mother.He supports the death penalty, and opposed the decision to abolish capital punishment in Virginia in 2021. In 2020, <mask> opposed

masks:
Jason Stuart Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares


title: Jason Miyares

texts:
 legislation to increase the minimum wage in Virginia. In August 2020, he offered HB 5037, a bill that would grant immunity, except in cases of willful misconduct or gross negligence, to public officials and businesses who followed public health measures to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. In September 2020, Miyares voted against legislation to authorize local governments to remove Confederate monuments on public property. Virginia attorney general

Election

In May 2021, <mask> was nominated as the Republican candidate for Virginia Attorney General. He ran against Mark Herring, the incumbent Democratic attorney general, who sought a third term in the November 2021 general election. <mask> was selected at the Virginia Republican Party's "unassembled" convention, in which party delegates cast ranked-choice ballots at polling sites across the state.<mask> defeated three other candidates: Leslie Haley, Chuck Smith, and Jack White. In the final round, <mask> defeated Smith, a hard-right candidate, by a closer-than-expected margin of 52% to 48%. During his campaign against Herring, <mask> emphasized crime issues. He opposed proposals for the elimination of qualified immunity and declined to take a position on what he would do in the controversial police killing of Bijan Ghaisar. In the November 2021 election, <mask> defeated Herring in a tight race, becoming the first Hispanic and Cuban American to be elected Attorney General of Virginia. Tenure
Upon taking office, <mask> fired 17 attorneys, and 13 other employees, in the Virginia AG's Office. Those fired included attorneys in the AG's Office of Civil Rights,Patrick Wilson, Partisan debate erupts in Va. Senate over <mask>' firing of 30 in AG's office,  Richmond Times-Dispatch (January 18, 2022).as well as lawyers working on housing conditions and human trafficking cases. Miyares also fired the counsel for George Mason University (GMU) and the University of Virginia; the latter was on leave from his UVA position, serving as top investigator for the United States House Select Committee on the January 6 Attack.Justin Jouvenal and Lauren Lumpkin, Va.'s new attorney general

masks: Miyares Miyares Miyares Miyares Miyares Miyares Miyares Miyares


title: Jason Miyares

texts:
 fires U-Va. counsel who was on leave working as top investigator for Jan. 6 panel, Washington Post (January 23, 2021). The firings prompted an acrimonious debate in the state Senate. Shortly after taking office, <mask> withdrew the Virginia AG Office's brief to the Supreme Court, submitted under his predecessor, supporting a challenge to Mississippi's abortion ban. In his letter to the Supreme Court reversing Virginia's position, <mask> took the stance that there is no constitutional right to obtain an abortion and that Roe v. Wade and Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey were wrongly decided.Emma North, Attorney General Miyares: Virginia no longer opposes 15-week abortion ban, WRIC (January 24, 2021). <mask> issued an advisory opinion in which he concluded that Virginia's public colleges and universities lacked the power to require students to receive the COVID-19 vaccine before enrolling or taking in-person classes. Such advisory opinions are not binding, although at least two institutions (GMU and Virginia Tech) dropped their vaccine requirement after Miyares issued the opinion.On February 10, 2022, <mask>' deputy attorney general for government operations and transactions resigned when it was reported that she had spread misinformation about the 2020 election and praised the 2021 United States Capitol attack; in her position, she would have overseen matters related to future elections in Virginia. <mask> himself has affirmed that Joe Biden was legitimately elected president and has condemned the attack on the United States Capitol. Electoral history

Personal life
<mask> and his wife, Paige (Atkinson<mask>, have three daughters and live in Virginia Beach, Virginia. His father-in-law, John Atkinson, was formerly treasurer of Virginia Beach. References

External links

|-

|-

1976 births
21st-century American politicians
American politicians of Cuban descent
Hispanic and Latino American politicians
James Madison University alumni
Living people
Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
Politicians from Virginia Beach, Virginia
Virginia Attorneys General
Virginia Republicans
William & Mary Law

masks:
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
Miyares
) Miyares


title: Qayyum Jamal

texts:
<mask> is a Canadian janitor and school bus driver who was labelled the ringleader of an alleged terrorist plot in Toronto in June 2006 after a Canadian Member of Parliament reported his virulent criticism of Canadian troops in Afghanistan to police. He was held for nearly two years protesting his innocence before all charges against him were dropped. After spending much of his imprisonment in solitary confinement, his family announced they were pursuing legal action seeking millions of dollars in damages; including from the prison where he was incarcerated. Life
A native of Karachi, <mask> worked as an engineering technician. When his first wife, who was suffering from undiagnosed multiple sclerosis, had exhausted all fertility avenues, he married Cheryfa MacAulay, with her blessing. MacAulay had a history of drug and alcohol abuse, dropping out of Grade 10 in Halifax to join the army, and entering a troubled first marriage before converting to Islam and turning her life around. The media would later point to the fact she wore the niqab face covering, and had campaigned against sexual education being taught in schools without due parental notice of its content.The father of four sons, <mask> would occasionally buy his two wives identical clothing, which they would wear when visitors came to the house, to tease him. After volunteering to clean the carpet and the washroom, and make small repairs at the Ar-Rahman mosque in Mississauga, he became an active member and began to teach Tafsir and occasionally led the prayers. Although being twice the age of the average participant, he frequently joined youths in games of Cricket and Soccer. He was also noted as fixing cars in his driveway. He claims to have been approached several times by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service in the years prior to his arrest, and asked to give information about community members, including Imam Aly Hindy, which he refused to do. <mask> was receiving severence pay from a

masks:
Abdul Qayyum Jamal
Jamal
Jamal
Jamal


title: Qayyum Jamal

texts:
 manufacturing plant that had shut down, and working part-time as a school bus-driver in the months prior to his arrest. He was described as "quiet", but "very vocal" about his opposition to the War in Afghanistan and 2003 invasion of Iraq.Hindy characterised him saying that "when he sees a Muslim being killed, he can't keep quiet". Relationship with Wajid Khan
When local Member of Parliament Wajid Khan began attending the Ar-Rahman mosque in the summer of 2005, <mask> introduced him to the congregation saying that he had come to bring messages from the government, and countered that he would like to send the government a message of his own - that Canadian troops in Afghanistan were not doing any good. Khan, a former Air Force pilot in Pakistan, interrupted <mask> to state that such comments would not be tolerated, before walking out of the mosque angrily. Both <mask> and his wife criticised Khan, and requested that the mosque not invite him back as a speaker, since they felt he had misused the religious service "as a political soapbox". Khan subsequently referred to <mask>;

Khan later referred to the altercation, saying he pushed <mask> aside because he was "speaking nonsense" and referred to him as an "idiot" with "piss-poor" command of the English language. Khan, who was serving as the chairman of the caucus committee on the Canadian Anti-Terrorism Act at the time, later reported <mask>'s behavior to the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. Seven weeks before the arrests, <mask>'s wife wrote to Khan complaining about the 32nd Brigade training for Operation Talon for deployment to Afghanistan on the property of her sons' Islamic school in Oakville in full combat gear.She allegedly challenged him, stating that "we've all heard your bark, now let's see what's behind your bite". Maclean's later reported that "the possibility that a member of Parliament was among those who raised the alarm about <mask> is an intriging twist in the complex story of how

masks: Jamal Jamal Jamal Jamal Jamal Jamal Jamal Jamal


title: Qayyum Jamal

texts:
 police built their case leading to the arrests". Arrest
As <mask> left the house for Asr prayers on June 2, he was greeted at the door by members of the Emergency Task Force who entered his house, as another team jumped a fence into his backyard and simultaneously entered the house ordering all occupants to the ground. His wife refused to comply with any orders, and shouted profanities at the officers, before being allowed to leave and take the children and her mother to the mosque to spend the night, while officers searched the house. At the police station, on the night of his arrest, <mask> saw reference to the arrests and "four tons of explosives" on television, the first he had heard of any allegations of a plot amongst the group of youths. When he phoned his wife for the first time, he simply advised her that their rent had been paid and the money for their insurance was in the account, and that their car needed to go into a mechanic's. His outspoken wife continued to garner media headlines, as she alleged that "every Muslim is another potential victim", and that federal authorities had been following her every move, cut the brake lines on a colleague's vehicle and made the computers at Kinko's copy store crash when she tried to send a message requesting prayers for her husband.The media seemed equally fascinated by the notion that a Caucasian woman had converted to Islam and chosen to wear the full abaya and niqab. In addition, her past comments in internet forums under the name UmmTayyab became a subject of amateur analysis. In April 2007, she reported that her brother-in-law had discovered two bullets fired into her Dodge Caravan's engine block. The oldest of the alleged terrorists, <mask> was 43 years old at the time of his arrest. Portrayed as a "spiritual advisor" to the group, he was accused of helping to coordinate bombing attacks against targets in southern Ontario. The media blasted his "extreme interpretations of Islam", and called him an

masks: Jamal Jamal Jamal


title: Qayyum Jamal

texts:
 "older, embittered militant". Secular Muslim critic Tarek Fatah reported <mask> as "creating a Islamacist, supremacist cult".Held at the Maplehurst Correctional Complex with the rest of the suspects, <mask> was represented at trial by defence attorney Anser Farooq. On September 25, 2007, he was denied bail. Release
On November 5, 2007 <mask> had the most serious charge against him - Intent to Cause Explosion - dropped, and was released on $100,000 bail, the third alleged terrorist in the group to be freed. Nearly $75,000 of his bail money had been donated by the local Muslim community. He was required to refrain from using the internet, remain in the presence of one of six sureties, and remain under house arrest unless in court, his lawyer's office or at Friday prayers. In April 2008, all charges against him were stayed due to lack of evidence. However, his peace bond stipulated that he must not have contact with any of the other accused, must not apply for a passport and must obey an 8:00pm curfew.He said that he blamed Mubin Shaikh and Wajid Khan for "lying", leading to his false imprisonment. Mr. Farooq stated that, "we were able to establish, during the preliminary inquiry, that there were a lot of problems with the Crown's case", and evidence elicited during the preliminary inquiry set the stage for Mr. <mask>'s release. He cautioned <mask>'s wife to "be cautious of what she said", but she nevertheless spoke to several newspapers stating that she believed the couple were owed "millions" in wrongful prosecution damages. Following the public comments that the couple might seek financial reparations, the Chronicle Herald published an editorial cartoon suggesting that the money would be used to finance terrorism. The Centre for Islamic Development subsequently dubbed the cartoon a "hate crime" and reported it to the police. References

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Pakistani emigrants to Canada
Naturalized citizens of Canada
People

masks: Jamal Jamal Jamal Jamal Jamal


title: William Collins Engledue

texts:
<mask> (1813 – 30 December 1858), MD (Edinburgh, 1835), MRCS (Edinburgh, 1835), MRCS (London, 1835), LSA (1835) was an English physician, surgeon, apothecary, mesmerist, phrenologist – and, in concert with John Elliotson, M.D., the co-editor of The Zoist. A former President of the British Phrenological Association, Engledue was ostracized by both his medical colleagues – for his dedication to mesmerism and phrenology – and by the majority of phrenologists – for his rejection of their "socio-religious", spiritual position, in favour of a scientific, materialist, brain-centred position that, in effect, reduced mental operations to physical forces. Education
Born at Portsea in 1813, the son of <mask> and <mask> (née Watson), he was a brilliant student. Sent to the University of Edinburgh by John Porter (1770–1855), (first president of the 'Portsmouth and Portsea Literary and Philosophical Society') to whom he was originally apprenticed, Engledue took his final exams after only two years study. At Edinburgh, he took prizes for proficiency in surgery, pathology and practice of physic, practical anatomy, and physiology; and was also the President of the Royal Medical Society of Edinburgh. Medical practice
Having spent a year as the anatomical demonstrator for John Lizars, Professor of Surgery to the Royal College of Surgeons

masks:
William Collins Engledue
John Engledue
Joanna Engledue


title: William Collins Engledue

texts:
 aware of the intervention) by mesmerism (on Elizabeth Okey in 1837), it is almost certain that Engledue performed the first undocumented surgery that had been rendered painless (and had been done without the patient being aware of the intervention) by mesmerism in August 1842. Also, in his Cerebral Physiology and Materialism (1842) – the published text of his Presidential Address to the British Phrenological Association – Engledue introduced the concept of "cerebration" to designate the operation of the brain: a term that was later revived, in 1855, by <mask> Carpenter's "unconscious cerebration", which Carpenter offered as a more refined development of his earlier concept, the "ideo-motor principle of action" (and which he used to describe Braid's "Hypnotism" in 1852). In 1858, Engledue delivered a well-received series of twelve lectures on "Human Physiology" on behalf of the three Literary societies of Portsmouth – the Athenæum, the Philosophical Society, and the Watt Institute – to an enthusiastic audience of more than a thousand on consecutive Monday evenings from 11 January 1858 to 28 March 1858:
"…at the request of the three literary Institutions of Portsmouth, [Engledue agreed] to give a course of twelve lectures on Human Physiology … in which he finely expressed the great object of the medical profession, to


title: William Collins Engledue

texts:
 nothing extraordinary about Engledue possessing prussic acid, because "bi-carbonate of potash (i.e., potassium bicarbonate) in combination with prussic acid (i.e., hydrogen cyanide) is frequently prescribed as a medicinal agent … in case[s] of nausea in the disease under which the deceased was labouring … and medical men frequently have recourse to it"; and, whilst stressing that he had not prescribed this mixture in Engledue's case, he also remarked that there would have been nothing remarkable about Engledue self-prescribing its administration.Engledue's local dispensing chemist gave evidence that he had supplied Engledue's written request for "specific quantities of solution of taraxacum (i.e., dandelion), tincture of gentium, bicarbonate of potash, together with three drachmes of prussic acid" three days earlier. The jury delivered the following verdict: "That the deceased died from the effects of prussic acid, taken with intent to destroy life, while in a state of unsound mind." Footnotes

References

 Anon, "Report of the Proceedings of the Phrenological Association at its Fifth Annual Session, at London, in June 1842", The Phrenological Journal and Magazine of Moral Science, Vol.15, No.73, (1842), pp.289-343. (Engledue's address appears at pp.291-318.) Anon, "The Late <mask> Engledue, M.D., Surgeon To The Royal


title: William Collins Engledue

texts:
 Portsmouth, Portsea, And Gosport Hospital", The British Medical Journal, Vol.1, No.108, (29 January 1859), pp.89-90. Anon, "Suicide of Dr. Engledue", Hampshire Telegraph and Sussex Chronicle, and General Advertiser for Hants, Sussex, Surrey, Dorset, and Wilts., No.3091, (Saturday 1 January 1859), p. 5, col.A. Carpenter, W.B., Principles of Mental Physiology: With their Chief Applications to the Psychology, Pathology, Therapeutics, Hygiene, and Forensic Medicine (Fifth Edition), John Churchill, (London), 1855.Clarke, J.F., "A Strange Chapter in the History of Medicine", pp.155-169 in [1874], Clarke, J.F., Autobiographical Recollections of the Medical Profession, J. & A. Churchill, (London,), 1874. Cooter, R J., "Phrenology and British Alienists, c.1825-1845, Part I: Converts to a Doctrine", Medical History, Vol. 20, No.1, (January 1976), pp. 1–21. doi=10.1017/S0025727300021761
 Cooter, R J., "Phrenology and British Alienists, c.1825-1845, Part II: Doctrine and Practice", Medical History, Vol.20, No.2, (April 1976), pp. 135–151.doi=10.1017/S0025727300022195
 Cooter, R.J., The Cultural Meaning of Popular Science: Phrenology and the Organization of Consent in Nineteenth-Century Britain, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1984. <mask>, W.C., Some Account of Phrenology, its Nature, Principles, and Uses, J. Hackman,


title: William Collins Engledue

texts:
 (Chichester), 1837. <mask>, W.C., "Introductory Address to the Phrenological Association, London; June 20, 1842", The Medical Times, Vol.6, No.146, (2 July 1842), p. 209-214. <mask>, W.C., Cerebral Physiology and Materialism, with the Result of the Application of Animal Magnetism to the Cerebral Organs: An Address delivered to the Phrenological Association in London, June 20, 1842, by W. C. <mask>, M.D. ; With a Letter from Dr Elliotson, On Mesmeric Phrenology and Materialism, J. Watson, (London), 1843. <mask>, W.C., "Cases of Mesmeric Clairvoyance and Sympathy of Feeling", The Zoist, Vol.2, No.6, (July 1844), pp.269-273. <mask>, W.C., A Narrative of the Proceedings Relative to the Appointment of the Medical Officers to the Portsmouth, Portsea, and Gosport Hospital (Second Edition), W. Woodward, (Portsea), 1849.Engledue, W.C., "On the conduct of the Medical Times, the Critic, and Mr. Robert Hunt", The Zoist, Vol.8, No.29, (April 1850), pp.100-106. <mask>, W.C., "What is Mesmerism", The Zoist, Vol.9, No.35, (April 1850), pp.316-331. Gauld, A., A History of Hypnotism, Cambridge University Press, (Cambridge), 1992
 Godwin, J., The Theosophical Enlightenment, State University of New York Press, (Albany), 1994. Harte, R., Hypnotism and the Doctors, Volume I: Animal Magnetism: Mesmer/De Puysegur, L.N. Fowler & Co., (London),

masks: Engledue Engledue Engledue Engledue Engledue Engledue


title: William Collins Engledue

texts:
 Successful Amputation of the Thigh, During the Mesmeric State, Without the Knowledge of the Patient. Read to the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society of London on Tuesday 22nd November, 1842, H. Baillière, (London), 1842. University of Edinburgh, List of the Graduates in Medicine in the University of Edinburgh from MDCCV to MDCCCLXVI, Neill & Company, (Edinburgh), 1867. Wheeler, J.M., "Engledue (<mask> Collins)", pp.122 in Wheeler, J.M., A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations, Progressive Publishing Company, (London), 1889.Winter, A., Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain, The University of Chicago Press, (Chicago), 1998. External media
 Engledue’s (1835) M.D. graduation record: "Gulielmus C. Engledue, Anglus. What evidence do we have that the External Senses can be transferred to other parts of the body, as is said to occur in Somnambulism?" ("<mask><mask>, England") – University of Edinburgh (1867), p.103. Engledue's entry in the first edition of the British Medical Directory (1853) – The Lancet (1853)
 Engledue's entry in the second edition of the British Medical Directory (1854). – The Lancet (1854)
 Doctor W. C<mask>, Chairman at the Banquet Held in September 1856 to Welcome Home Other Ranks from the Crimea, Proposing the Royal Toast: an 1856 painting by Portsmouth artist and

masks:
William
William C
. Engledue
. Engledue


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts:
<mask> (October 31, 1827, some sources indicate October 27, 1827 – January 13, 1899) was an American educator, and called by some the "father of the normal school system". Early life
<mask> was born to <mask> and Isabella (née Cairns) in New Castle, Pennsylvania. His lifework has been characterized by a pair of related tensions: between religious zeal and a recognition of the need for teachers well-educated in secular subjects, and between potentially opposed emphases on technical training and the liberal arts in teacher preparation. He founded a series of educational institutions which survive into the present day, each of which still bears some mark of his influence. A story told by his sister relates that, while plowing his father's fields, upon reaching the end of each furrow, he would pick up a book, find where he last left off, read the next paragraph, put the book down, and proceed to plow the next row. Headed back across the field, he meditated on the newly acquired fragment of knowledge. Primary education
He was educated in Bartlett's Academy, near New Castle, Pennsylvania.At the age of 18 he began keeping a diary which bears witness to a religiosity which would remain deeply interwoven with his educational philosophy throughout his career. "Saved" during a serious illness at fourteen, he continued to struggle with his "direful condition" in a search for salvation. He visited the sick and dying and attended the dead. Conversion and baptism renewed him (April 2–3, 1845), and he dedicated himself to serving Christ (May 1, 1845). At this early period, a sense of the

masks:
Joseph Baldwin
Baldwin
Joseph


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts:
 tension between his religious and worldly impulses is evident. Secular reading was one of his distractions. He lamented: "I have spent a considerable portion of my time in reading History and Biography and thus have neglected the most important of books to wit the Bible.May in future make this my study and may I use it as my sword" (September 14, 1845). Dedications
Even at the age of eighteen, he had consciously dedicated himself to a religiously-conceived mission of educating the young. He thought "youth" (such as himself), deserving of eternal punishment but nonetheless worth "saving". In 1847, he attended school a full forty weeks and worked about a month and a half. Practicing what he preached, when he was invited to a party, he chose to spend his time studying rather "than in hurtful folly" (February 6). Passing a room where "many youths were engaged in mirthful danceing [sic]", he writes, "I was struck with the reflection that all these thoughtless youths must soon appear before the judge of all" (March 10). His stated ambitions evince an ambivalence between the desires for prominence and service: "I long to become an orator; that I may do good to my fellow men."Higher education
In 1848, <mask> entered Bethany College, where he would take the B.A. in 1852. While at Bethany, he lived in the home of the school's founder and President, Rev. Alexander Campbell, founder of the Disciples of Christ Church. There he studied, recited, debated, and helped to form an "economical society" whose members pledged to assist one another in case of sickness; he became its president.


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts: <mask> excelled, ranking first or second in his classes. His censure of other youths, including his fellow students, continued: "Alas follish [sic] young men!You do not feal [sic] the values of life" (April 5, 1849). In his later career as an educator, he would show no mercy to students found guilty of his three horrors: dancing, card-playing and drinking. In emotional affairs as in professional, <mask>'s diary evidences a strong sense of priorities. In August 1849 he went to the county meeting in the company of one Emaline McC., "whom I think would make a suitable companion for me for life.... If it is the will of God to spare my life & hers, and if he so permit, we may be united by the bans of matrimony; after I have completed my College course." Back in school in September 1849, <mask> spent his days writing to this same Emaline (who would not, in fact, become his life-partner), studying hard, and finding "Pope Homers Iliad" truly admirable, if filled with much of which he disapproved. Reading Cicero, writing compositions and orations, <mask> demonstrated an iron discipline, which he would later expect of his students.Partly contradicting his dedication to a higher spirit is his self-puffery: "Declaimed in society a piece called 'The Whiskers.' Succeeded better than ever before. One remarked publicly that it was the best he had ever heard. But O! how far short of what I desire, what vast heights still remain to be assended [sic]." After graduation <mask> went west to pursue the newly emerging professional career of a college professor. In 1853 he taught at the Platte City

masks:
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
Joseph Baldwin


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts:
 Male and Female Academy in Missouri, and by 1855 he was co-principal of a collegiate institution in Savannah, Missouri.Marriage
On August 26, 1852 he married Ellen (or Ella) Sophronia Fluhart (b. 1828, Ohio - d. November 26, 1924, San Diego, California). It had been his intention to enter the ministry, but his responsibilities as a newly married man required him to make a living as a teacher. In the spring of 1856, he helped found the Missouri State Teachers Association and was elected Vice President. The following autumn, he returned to Pennsylvania and enrolled at Lancaster County Normal School to receive training specific to his newfound vocation. Career
From 1857 to 1863, <mask> led normal schools, including  the Farmington Male and Female Seminary (Burnettsville, Indiana) and a new institution at Kokomo, Indiana. Founded  as Farmington Academy in the southwestern part of town, in 1858 <mask> opened the Indiana Normal.This was Indiana's first Normal School and the fifth in the United States. At Kokomo, Indiana, <mask> provided  the first impetus to higher education. A joint stock company, the Normal School Association, was organized in 1859 under <mask>'s direction, placing emphasis on the "normal" method of instruction to prepare students to become teachers. This was an early example of the spirit, at once scientific, evangelical and entrepreneurial, which characterized all of <mask>'s educational projects. Center Township provided $3,000 for the construction of a Normal Building. The money was provided on the condition that the township would have the use of the four

masks: Baldwin Baldwin Baldwin Baldwin Baldwin


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts:
 lower rooms for a free school known as the Indiana State Normal School of Kokomo. He taught a few students in a one story frame building near the present intersection of Mulberry and Main Streets.Classes at the Normal School began in 1863-64. Military service
Although never really robust in health or constitution, during the Civil War, <mask> organized Company B of the 118th Indiana Infantry, a company made up of Kokomo students. Capt. <mask> and the 30-40 men of his command served from July 1863 to March 1864, and saw action at Blue Springs (October 10, 1863), Walker's Ford (December 2) and Tazewell (January 24, 1864). After the war he moved to Logansport, Indiana, where he became Principal of Logansport Seminary and of Cass County Normal School. In February 1867, <mask> resolved to found a new teacher-preparation institute. With the advice of Major J.B. Merwin of St. Louis, editor of the American Journal of Education, and his own nephew, J. J. Grigsby of Kirksville, Missouri, he selected Kirksville as the location. Another factor that helped <mask> decide on Kirksville was the availability of a ready-made structure -the Cumberland Academy Building - that fulfilled all the needs for the school. Built in 1860, the building, located on the corner of Mulanix and Hickory Streets (now Memorial Park), resembled a church, complete with a tall steeple. It had served as McNeil's headquarters during the Battle of Kirksville. It was originally built to house a school known as the Cumberland Academy. <mask> leased the building for $100 per year. Normal schools
On September 2, 1867, the


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts: North Missouri Normal School and Commercial College opened.In 1870, the state legislature provided for the creation of the normal school system and <mask>, who was named a member of the organizing Board of Regents, offered his school to the state. His offer was accepted, and the school came under state control as the First District Normal School on December 29, 1870; <mask> was named President. When <mask>'s North Missouri Normal School outgrew the Cumberland Academy building, a site was chosen for a new building. At the time, the new location selected for the school was a cornfield just outside the Kirksville city limits. To meet the state's demands that the school be located inside the city limits of a county seat, the Kirksville city limits had to be extended to include the property. Although not named formally, the building became known as the Normal Building (and much later, "Baldwin Hall"). An impressive tower in the center of the building rose  up toward the sky, creating a landmark that was visible for miles.Historical documents state that approximately 600-700 students could be accommodated in the building, which was divided into teachers' rooms, a library, a laboratory, a large assembly room, recitation rooms, as well as other various rooms. The large hall had a  ceiling that featured beautiful open timber work. The entire cost of the Normal Building was $101,400 - all a testimony to <mask>'s powers of organization and persuasion, and the regard with which this newcomer was held in the community. The institution <mask> founded would grow to become Truman State


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts:
 University. Sam Houston Normal Institute
In 1881, <mask> was on a lecture tour, and by a chain of circumstances not fully known, was elected principal of one of the institutions he visited. <mask> left Kirksville in 1881 to become the third principal of the Sam Houston Normal Institute (now Sam Houston State University), replacing the recently resigned president, H.H. Smith, and bringing along his daughter <mask> as the founder of the Art faculty; his daughter Zoe would also teach there.Under his presidency, in 1890, Old Main was built and occupied, allowing space for an additional year of study for students wishing to remain beyond the traditional two-year program – part of <mask>'s lifelong efforts to enforce rigor and depth in the training of public school teachers. He created seven departments of study for the Institute: professional work; natural and physical science; English and literature; vocal music and calisthenics; rhetoric, etymology, and physiology; and elocution, drawing, and penmanship. He served from 1881–91, leaving to accept the newly created chair in Pedagogy at the University of Texas at Austin. His chief achievement was to raise awareness of the need for teacher training specific to the requirements of public school administrators and teachers of specialized subjects in the high schools. This school would eventually become the University of Texas College of Education. <mask> retired as Professor Emeritus in 1897 and died January 13, 1899, aged 71. He was buried in Oakwood Cemetery in Austin, Texas.Children
<mask> had nine children: Icilius <mask> (1853),

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Baldwin
Olivia Baldwin
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Victor Baldwin


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts:
 Anabel B<mask> Sublette (1856), Olivia Artemesia <mask> (1858), Coramantha M<mask> Haston (1860), <mask> <mask> (1863), Rachel Irene <mask>(1865) <mask> (1868), Norma Mable <mask> (1870), and Zoe Lenore <mask>lette (1874). Publications
While living in Texas he wrote several books on education:
Art of School Management (1881)
Elementary Psychology and Education, a text-book for high schools, normal schools, normal institutes, and reading circles, and a manual for teachers. (1887) another ed. D. Appleton, New York, 1897
Psychology Applied to the Art of Teaching (1892)
School Management and School Methods (1897)

Honors

<mask> received an honorary LL.D from Bethany College in 1891. He is memorialized at Truman State University by Baldwin Hall ("Old" Baldwin, the building <mask> himself constructed, burned 1924; the cornerstone for "New" <mask> was laid in 1938), the prestigious annual <mask> Lecture, and the Joseph Baldwin Academy for Eminent Young Scholars. There is also a lifesize bronze statue of <mask> on the quadrangle. The Education Building at Sam Houston State University, built in 1918, was meant to be renamed for <mask> in 1981, but was demolished the next year.References
<mask>, <mask>. Diary (typescript). Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. Graff, Harvey J., Conflicting Paths: Growing Up in America, Harvard University Press, 1995. Ryle, Walter H. Centennial History of the Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, Kirksville, Missouri, 1972. Selby, P.O. One Hundred Twenty-Three Biographies of Deceased Faculty Members, Northeast Missouri State

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. Baldwin
Baldwin
. Baldwin
Joseph Rolla
Baldwin
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Harold Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin Sub
Baldwin
Baldwin
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Baldwin
Baldwin
Baldwin
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Joseph


title: Joseph Baldwin

texts:
 Teachers College,  Kirksville, Missouri, 1962,

Further reading
Stallones, J. R. (1997).The Strange Case of <mask>: A Study in the Politics of Education. Journal of the Midwest History of Education Society. 24: 39-45
Images of <mask>, his statue, some descendants, the Cumberland Academy Building, and Old Baldwin Hall before and after the fire are available from the Truman Review
The following rare volumes include their call numbers at the Pickler Memorial Library (Truman State University):
Knight, Homer L. <mask>: Pioneer Educator. Kirksville, Missouri, Simpson Printing, 1957. LB1705 B3
Matthews, James Carl. <mask>: a dedicated teacher educator, Kirksville, Missouri, Northeast Missouri State Teachers College, 1959. LB1705.B3
Contributions to education (George Peabody College for Teachers); no.111. Thesis (Ph.D) - George Peabody College for Teachers, 1932. LA2317.B14 M3

1827 births
1899 deaths
American educational theorists
19th-century American writers
Truman State University people
People from Kokomo, Indiana
People from Kirksville, Missouri
People from Lawrence County, Pennsylvania
People from Austin, Texas
People of Indiana in the American Civil War
Bethany College (West Virginia)

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Joseph Baldwin
Baldwin
Joseph Baldwin
Joseph Baldwin


title: Rufus Mayfield

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<mask>. "Catfish" <mask> is an American activist, community organizer, and civil rights worker. He is a cofounder of Destiny-Pride, Inc., a Washington, DC-based civic organization dedicated to improving the lives of African-American youths. Personal life
<mask> was born at Columbia Hospital and was raised in what is now Northeast, DC in a projects called Parkside. He is the youngest of six children;  he had three sisters, Doris and Jean who are both deceased, Lenoris, and two brothers, Clifton and James. His parents are <mask> and <mask>. He went to Neval Thomas Elementary School, Woodson Junior High and eventually Chamberlain Vocational. Growing up in a heavily segregated Washington, D.C., <mask> was never given the opportunity to interact with other cultures besides his own.He lived in Parkside, which was a part of a quadrant of other projects including East Capitol, Lincoln Heights, and Barry Farm. A the time, members of each community stayed within their “section” and co-mingling was rare. In fact, the quadrants were self- contained and designed to keep members of each respective project in their own neighborhood. <mask>'s mother played a large role in the development of shaping him into the man he is today. Hattie <mask> was a functioning illiterate. <mask> spent a lot of his time as a child trying to teach his mother how to read and write. He truly admired her ability to still provide for their family and instill a value in practicing their faith.Toward the end of her life she was spotlighted in a Chicago Tribune article about women in Washington, D.C.. As for his father, <mask> Sr, <mask> learned a lot about discipline, structure and “being a man”. He was also a great provider for him and the rest of the family. From the ages of 12 to 17, <mask> spent time in and out of detention centers for stealing cars. As  a child, he would take his father and uncle's cars in order to gain attention from others due to some underlying self- esteem issues he possessed. As he got older, he began stealing from used car lots and ended up serving time in Oak Hill Detention Center at

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Hattie Mayfield
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Mayfield
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title: Rufus Mayfield

texts: the age of 12 and the National Training School at the age of 17. In 1973, <mask> met his wife, Nancy Carter, at the Mark IV Supper Club. The two were engaged for nearly 20 years.Subsequently, they had three children, Phillipe, <mask> III and Reginald. <mask> predeceased his parents on August 13, 2010. Activism/Destiny-Pride, Inc. In 1967, <mask> became the chairman of Destiny-Pride, Inc. Upon its establishment, the organization helped to employ nearly 1,400 black youths in the rougher parts of D.C.. Workers were paid between $56 to $100 weekly; this may not have not been the most luxurious job, but it was enough to keep them off the streets. Work done entailed cleaning over 1,400 city streets, 1,200 alleys and killing over 25,00 rats. On weekends, 600 youths worked 13 hours while attending school full-time during the week.When the organization first launched, Destiny- Pride, Inc. was only able to secure $300,000 in government funding just to “carry them” through the summer. When they asked for more, Virginia Republican, Joel Broyhill of House District of Columbia, implied that <mask> couldn't even be trusted with the money. After gaining the support of nearly 30,000 signatures on a petition, Destiny-Pride, Inc.’s funding went up to an impressive $2.3 million for the following years to come. <mask> started the organization after experiencing the effects of police brutality and how it effects the perception of both whites on blacks, and blacks on themselves. <mask> was only 17 when his best friend, Clarence Booker, was shot in the back during an altercation with a police officer. The pair were fighting over a 29¢ box of cookies which the officer thought Booker was stealing. During the altercation, <mask> pleaded with Booker to let go of the officer's gun because he believed there was no reason for the officer to shoot him over a 29¢ box of cookies.Booker was dead on site; however, when <mask> made attempts at visiting his friend in the hospital, he was told Booker only received bruises from the incident and had been charged with assaulting an officer. The next day,

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Reginald Mayfield
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title: Rufus Mayfield

texts: <mask>'s mother had informed him about Booker's death. This news sparked motivation in <mask> to get justice for his friend. During their attempts to get the officer indicted, <mask> led several protests in which numerous kids were involved. One of the protests involved a hearse, provided by a local funeral home, with a coffin on top in remembrance of Booker. Marion Barry, who happened to be boycotting the D.C. transit system at the time, and Sterling Tucker, who was in charge of the Urban League helped to create a large group of other DC activists in efforts to get Officer Rull indicted. Despite their efforts, he was never charged with anything.<mask> was familiar with a woman named Ruth Bates Harris who was head of the Commission on Human Rights. He was determined to get her help in hopes of having the police officer arrested for homicide. After communicating with Ms. Harris, the idea for Destiny-Pride, Inc was born. This incident was the icing on the cake for Mayfield; he realized the black, youth needed someone to remind them of their importance and self worth. As a child, he dealt with many issues regarding the color of his dark skin tone. He was always deemed less attractive, less intelligent, and overall just less of anything. Much of his criminal record is caused by his insecurities as a child; he stole vehicles to gain attention from his peers because that was the only way he could felt he could be deemed as socially acceptable.An organization like Destiny-Pride, Inc. had never been conceived before; they were helping to bring unity within the black community. <mask> heavily believed in helping one another before we worry about the nation; he felt that in order to help the black community, they must work to help themselves first. <mask> had “section chiefs” in each project quadrant, each of whom had a supervisor. During this time in DC, even blacks didn't get along with each other, so the projects were consistently more violent with black on black crime. <mask> used these representatives to help relieve crimes such as fightings, shootings, and stabbings. Their

masks: Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield


title: Rufus Mayfield

texts:
 efforts brought unity to the communities by having over 1,400 kids from all four projects be a part of Pride, Inc. In 1968, <mask> had a falling out with Barry who cofounded Destiny-Pride, Inc with him.Barry felt that <mask> was too aggressive with his attacks on the system after the Labor Union had given Pride, Inc. a grant when they first formed. <mask> felt too strongly that, even though Pride, Inc had made tremendous progress, there was still discriminate against blacks and more still needed to be done. After Barry's numerous attempts to quiet Mayfield, they parted ways. After leaving Pride, Inc, <mask> was contacted by Jerry Brenner, who worked for CBS at the time, and was ultimately given the opportunity to do speaking tours and other activist related activities where he traveled to many midwestern states speaking at institutions like the University of Minnesota Duluth, the University of Wisconsin--Eau Claire and Luther College in Deborah, Iowa and the University of Indiana in Bloomington. He just wanted to remain heard after leaving Destiny-Pride, Inc. In 1970, he received a scholarship from the George Washington University in which he studied in the Business Administration after he was persuaded out of the Divinity School because “blacks always go into something like that”. He then left GWU to work with Common Cause to help ratify the 18-year old vote; his participation in this movement derailed his tenure at GWU.<mask> also received a contract with the Minneapolis Star where the ran a weekly column called “‘A Voice from the Ghetto’ by <mask> ‘Catfish’ Mayfield”. Hiatus
After leaving GWU, <mask> met Junior Gilliam, the owner of a DC nightclub named Shelter Room. He became an MC for the club, mostly doing jokes. After leaving the Shelter Room, <mask> began working for Paul Cohn, who owned the infamous Mark IV Supper Club and the Room Nightclub. His stint as an emcee there was overly successful. The crowd loved him. Subsequently, <mask> began touring with entertainers like Gladys Knight and the Pips, Natalie Cole, the Temptations, the Dramatics, and even James

masks: Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Rufus Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield


title: Rufus Mayfield

texts:
 Brown.In 1985, <mask> entered the Department of Human Services. He was heavily disappointed when he realized he could not utilize his activism there; being an activist still played a large role in what he identified as. He absolutely hated working for the city. When Sharon Pratt became mayor, she wanted to start firing innocent worker who needed these jobs to survive. H.R. Crawford, who was on city council, and John Wilson, chairman of the council, decided to be in support of Pratt just because she had won after Marion's arrest in 1990. <mask> was then fed up with the entire system and decided to stand up to Pratt after the incident.He was terminated from his position after doing so. <mask> started working for the government again in 1995. He met Wayne Casey, who provided him with the instruction to become well versed with aspects of the Department of Human Services. He was also the Acting Administrator for the Youth Service Administration for three weeks when Casey was on vacation. <mask> was eventually given a promotion at DHS when his supervisor relocated to Maryland. He utilized this position to rebuild the environment at DHS, considering the vulnerability of the people they were working with. <mask> first saw Dr. King when he was speaking at the Roosevelt Hotel right before the Poor Peoples Campaign, which <mask> had worked on.<mask> was hesitant to attend the speech, since he resigned with the Malcolm X approach to activism, but ended up going anyway. Dr. King, who was preaching about the repeal of the Internment Act, claimed that blacks would be viewed more like the Japanese if they resisted less. These words resigned with <mask>; even though he wanted the fire in his voice like Malcolm X, Dr. King's words helped humble his ideas and solidify his belief in Christianity. <mask> was then brought to meet with Dr. King before he was leaving to New York for Johnny Carson's Tonight Show. Dr. King told Mayfield “Catfish, I look forward to working with you”; before the pair could meet Dr. King was assassinated shortly after. References

American activists
African-American

masks: Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield Mayfield


title: Troy Aikman

texts:
<mask> (born November 21, 1966) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 12 seasons with the Dallas Cowboys. After transferring from  Oklahoma, he won the Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year at UCLA and was selected first overall by the Cowboys in the 1989 NFL Draft. As the Cowboys' longest-tenured quarterback, <mask> received six Pro Bowl selections and won three Super Bowl titles from 1992 to 1995. <mask> was named MVP of Super Bowl XXVII, the franchise's first title in over a decade. He was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2006 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2008. Since retiring in 2000, <mask> has served as a television sportscaster for the Fox network. On February 24, 2022, <mask> agreed to a four year deal with ESPN to commentate Monday Night Football.<mask> was also a former joint owner of the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series racing team Hall of Fame Racing, along with fellow former Cowboys quarterback Roger Staubach, and was a part-owner of the San Diego Padres in Major League Baseball (MLB). Early life
<mask> was born on November 21, 1966. He spent the first part of his childhood in West Covina, California. At the age of 12, <mask>'s family moved to Henryetta, Oklahoma, where he played football and baseball at Henryetta High School, where he would earn All-State honors. <mask> also won the 1983 Oklahoma high school state championship in typing. College career

Oklahoma Sooners
The New York Mets offered <mask> a contract out of high school, but instead of playing baseball he chose to pursue football and attended the University

masks:
Troy Kenneth Aikman
Aikman
Aikman
Aikman
Aikman
Aikman
Aikman
Aikman
Aikman
Aikman


title: Troy Aikman

texts:
 of Oklahoma under head coach Barry Switzer. In 1984, he became the first freshman to start at quarterback for Oklahoma since World War II.In 1985, his first full season as a collegiate starter, <mask> led the Sooners to victories over Minnesota, Kansas State, and #17 Texas in the Red River Shootout before losing to the Miami Hurricanes as he left the game with a broken ankle. He also lost to his future teammate, Michael Irvin and future head coach, Jimmy Johnson, who had also scouted him when he was the head coach of Oklahoma State. On October 19, Miami's Jerome Brown broke through the offensive line, sacked <mask> on the Sooner 29-yard line and broke <mask>'s ankle. <mask>, who had been six of eight passing for 131 yards, would be lost for the season. Switzer and offensive coordinator Jim Donnan were forced to switch back to the wishbone offense under freshman quarterback Jamelle Holieway. The team went on to win the 1985 National Championship. With Holieway established as the starting quarterback at OU, <mask> decided to transfer to UCLA.UCLA Bruins
Barry Switzer oversaw <mask>'s transfer to UCLA, a program under Terry Donahue that was more conducive to a passing quarterback. He had to sit out one year due to college transfer rules but went on to lead the Bruins to a 20–4 record over two seasons. As a junior, <mask> earned the Pac-10 Offensive Player of the Year. He led the Bruins to a 10–2 record and the 1987 Aloha Bowl, where they beat the Florida Gators 20–16. As a senior, <mask> won the 1988 Davey O'Brien Award as the nation's top quarterback, a first for UCLA. He was a Consensus All-American,

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title: Troy Aikman

texts:
 the UPI West Coast Player of the Year, the Washington DC Club QB of the Year, a finalist for the 1988 AFCA "Coaches Choice" Player of the year award, and finished third in voting for the 1988 Heisman Trophy. UCLA matched the victory total from the previous season under <mask>, going 10–2 and losing only to USC and Washington State.The 1988 season culminated with a 17–3 Bruins victory over the Arkansas Razorbacks in the 1989 Cotton Bowl Classic, which was played in Dallas. The Dallas media spent most of the Cotton Bowl Classic week promoting <mask> as the "next quarterback of the Cowboys," and much was made of Cowboys head coach Tom Landry watching <mask> practice during the Bruins' workouts at Texas Stadium. <mask> finished his career as the number two career passing leader in UCLA history. In 2008, <mask> was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. On November 28, 2014, UCLA retired his #8 jersey at halftime against Stanford. Professional career

Dallas Cowboys
<mask> was the first overall pick in the 1989 NFL Draft, by the Dallas Cowboys. On February 25, 1989, new owner Jerry Jones fired Tom Landry and replaced him with Jimmy Johnson.A few months later, in the NFL's supplemental draft, Johnson drafted Steve Walsh, who played for Johnson at the University of Miami. <mask> won the starting quarterback job, and Walsh was traded early in the 1990 season. <mask> played his first NFL preseason game on August 26, 1989 against the Denver Broncos. His NFL debut started with a 28–0 loss to the New Orleans Saints. The following week, <mask> threw his first touchdown pass, a 65-yard completion to Michael

masks: Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman


title: Troy Aikman

texts: Irvin, but the Atlanta Falcons intercepted two passes and won. In a game against the Arizona Cardinals, he threw for 379 yards to set an NFL rookie record. <mask> finished 1989 with a 0–11 record as a starter, completing 155 of 293 passes for 1,749 yards, 9 touchdowns, and 18 interceptions.Following <mask>'s rookie season, Dallas selected Florida Gators running back Emmitt Smith in the first round of the 1990 NFL Draft. With Smith and Irvin, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 7–7 record in the 1990 season, but was injured in the 15th game, against the Philadelphia Eagles. The Cowboys would go on to lose that game and the following week against the Atlanta Falcons with backup quarterback Babe Laufenberg, missing the final playoff wild card spot by one game. In 1991, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 6–4 record in the first 10 games and had the Cowboys ahead in week 12 against undefeated Washington Redskins when he was injured. Steve Beuerlein replaced <mask>, and Dallas finished the season 5–0 and earned the #5 playoff seed. Beuerlein went on to lead the Cowboys to a road upset over the #4 seed Chicago Bears in the Wild Card round. With the Cowboys trailing 17–6 at halftime the following week against the Detroit Lions in the NFC Divisional Playoff game, <mask> was inserted to start the third quarter, but was unable to provide a spark as the Cowboys lost, 38–6.<mask> was selected to the first of six consecutive Pro Bowls. In 1992, <mask> set career highs in completions (302), passing yards (3,445) and touchdown passes (23), and led the Cowboys to a team record 13 regular-season victories and the second-best record


title: Troy Aikman

texts: in the NFC. During the playoffs, <mask> broke Joe Montana's record of 83 passes without an interception by throwing 89. The Cowboys defeated the Eagles at home in the Division Playoffs and squared off against the 49ers in the NFC Championship, a matchup that featured the two best teams in the NFC. The Cowboys won, 30–20, with <mask> completing two game-changing passes to send the Cowboys to their first Super Bowl appearance since 1979. In Super Bowl XXVII against the Buffalo Bills, <mask> led the Cowboys to a 52–17 victory (coincidentally the game was played in his alma mater's home stadium, the Rose Bowl). <mask> was named Super Bowl MVP after completing 22-of-30 passes for 273 yards and 4 touchdowns.In 1993, Dallas finished 12–4, the best record in the NFC. In the playoffs, <mask> again guided Dallas to home playoff victory, this time over a young, upstart Green Bay Packers squad led by quarterback Brett Favre, who was in his first full season as a starting quarterback. <mask> then shredded the 49ers secondary in the NFC Championship 38–21, before leaving the game with a concussion after 49ers defensive tackle Dana Stubblefield's knee hit <mask>'s head. <mask> now says he has no memory of playing in the game. In Super Bowl XXVIII, <mask> was kept out of the end zone, but a combination of key turnovers by the Bills offense and the running of Emmitt Smith helped lead to a 30–13 victory for the Cowboys. Head coach Jimmy Johnson left the team on March 29, 1994, and Jerry Jones hired Barry Switzer, <mask>'s former college coach at Oklahoma. The Cowboys finished with the second-best record in the NFC,

masks: Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman


title: Troy Aikman

texts: (behind the 49ers) and <mask> again missed playing time due to injuries.Dallas won their Divisional Playoff game against Green Bay 35–9, but fell to the 49ers in the NFC Championship, 38–28. In 1995, <mask> passed for over 3,300 yards as the Cowboys once again finished with the best record in the NFC, with the 49ers having the second-best record. <mask> was knocked out of a highly anticipated rematch between Dallas and San Francisco when 49ers' Stubblefield landed on <mask>, forcing his knee to hit the turf. After a playoff loss at home by the 49ers to the Packers, the Cowboys hosted the Packers in the NFC Championship and, for the third straight season, knocked the Packers out of the playoffs, this time by a 38–27 score, to earn their third Super Bowl appearance in four years. Dallas won Super Bowl XXX against the Pittsburgh Steelers 27–17, with <mask> throwing one touchdown pass. In 1996, despite offensive troubles, <mask> again helped lead Dallas to another NFC East Division title and a home game for the Wild Card playoff round, a 40–15 drubbing of the Minnesota Vikings. The following week, Dallas fell in the Divisional Playoffs to Carolina, 26–17.In 1997, <mask> became the first quarterback in Cowboys' history to have three straight 3,000-yard seasons, but the team finished 6–10 and missed the playoffs for the first time since 1990. Switzer suffered the first losing season of his career, and resigned at the end of the season. 1998 was a rebound year for <mask> and Cowboys, and despite missing five games, <mask> again helped lead Dallas back to the NFC East title and the playoffs. Dallas was


title: Troy Aikman

texts: stunned at home in the Wild Card game as the #6 seed Arizona Cardinals won, 20–7. The 1999 season started off with a bang for <mask> and the Cowboys as they squared off against the Redskins. <mask> fired a career-high five touchdown passes, including the game winner in overtime to beat Washington. 1999 also marked the final playoff appearance for <mask>, and the final season the trio of <mask>, Irvin and Emmitt Smith would play together.Dallas finished 8–8 and lost in the Wild Card playoff game at Minnesota, 27–10. The 2000 season was <mask>'s final season as a professional football player. <mask> suffered several concussions during the season, and a revolving door at quarterback took place between <mask> and former Eagles quarterback Randall Cunningham. <mask>'s final game was at home against the Washington Redskins. He was hit by linebacker LaVar Arrington and suffered the tenth and final concussion of his career. During the 2001 offseason, <mask> was waived a day before he was due a $70 million/7-year contract extension, and ultimately announced his retirement on April 9, after failing to find another team. He ended his career as the Cowboys' all-time leading passer (32,942 yards).90 of his 94 career wins were in the 1990s and were the most by any quarterback in any decade until Peyton Manning surpassed him in the 2000s with 115 wins. Presently, <mask> is third on that list, also trailing Tom Brady (122 in the 2010s). During a late December 2013 radio interview, <mask> said the real reason he retired was due to persistent back issues he had in his final season. <mask> explained that he had back

masks: Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman Aikman


title: Troy Aikman

texts:
 surgery in the offseason following Super Bowl XXVII with no complications but by the time he reached his final season he was constantly getting treatment for back pain. While the hit by Arrington ended his 2000 season, he claims it was the back pain and not that concussion that ended his career. In a January 2020 interview, <mask> said he wanted to sign with the San Diego Chargers after being released by the Cowboys in the 2001 offseason to play for Norv Turner, but they signed Doug Flutie instead and <mask> chose to retire. He said Andy Reid called him after Eagles' starting quarterback Donovan McNabb suffered a broken ankle in week 11 of the 2002 season to offer him the starting position, but <mask> declined.In 2003, <mask> agreed to play for the Miami Dolphins with Turner as their offensive coordinator and began training again, but the team decided against signing him to a contract. Career statistics

College statistics

NFL statistics

Regular season

Postseason

Super Bowl

Post-retirement activities
After his retirement from professional football as a player, <mask> joined Fox's NFC telecasts as a color commentator for the 2001 season. A year later, he was named to the network's lead announcing crew, teaming with Joe Buck and (from 2002 to 2004) Cris Collinsworth. <mask> received an Emmy Award nomination for his television work in 2004 and has helped broadcast six Super Bowls (XXXIX, XLII, XLV, XLVIII, LI, and LIV) to date. It was revealed in 2016 that in 2004, <mask> nearly came out of retirement to sign a one-year deal with the Miami Dolphins but the Dolphins ended up not signing him. <mask>