title: Goldwin Smith

texts:
 The St. George's Society and Mr. <mask> <mask>
Guide to the Goldwin Smith Collection circa 1860 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center

1823 births
1910 deaths
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Antisemitism in Canada
Antisemitism in the United Kingdom
Cornell University Department of History faculty
English expatriates in Canada
English expatriates in the United States
English historians
English male journalists
Fellows of University College, Oxford
Members of the American Antiquarian Society
People educated at Eton College
People from Reading, Berkshire
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Presidents of the American Historical Association
Regius Professors of History (University of Oxford)
Burials at St. James Cemetery,


title: Hubert James Willey

type: original

texts:
<mask>, DCM & Bar (11 July 1897 – 6 September 1948) was twice awarded the Distinguished Conduct Medal, then the second highest British gallantry award, for his service on the Western Front, during the First World War. Born in Dublin, the second son of <mask> and Emily Maud Bannister, he joined the Rifle Brigade soon after the outbreak of war. <mask> was first awarded the DCM for an action in 1915, just over a month after his eighteenth birthday. He was serving with 9th Battalion The Rifle Brigade (part of 14th (Light) Division) in the Ypres Salient. As part of the British offensive at Loos a number of subsidiary attacks were organised. The 14th and 3rd Divisions were ordered to attack the strong German positions at Bellewaarde Farm, near Hooge, that overlooked the British line. These positions were held by several battalions of the Königlich Wörttembergisches Reserve-Infantrie-Regiment Nr 248.The Rifle Brigade's regimental history describes the attack as a 'costly fiasco'. Some battalions were hardly able to advance at all, others including 9/RB, ended up beyond their objectives. The battalion was then in a highly exposed and unsupported position, taking very heavy casualties, eventually losing all but four officers and one hundred and forty men. In his own account of the action, the commanding officer, Lt Col Villiers-Stuart, gave the number of casualties as 1,116 of all ranks - a casualty rate of in excess of 85%. Col Villiers-Stuart's diary relates:
A very young sergeant of D Coy, Will[e]y by name, had done specially well in the disastrous fight and was the first of the New Army to be made a CSM. I tried to get him and many others DCMs etc but the Corps Staff just crossed out all the 14th Division names as a matter of course. I may some day meet Keir and Lord Loch unless

masks:
Hubert James Willey
James Willey
Willey


title: Hubert James Willey

texts:
 they are dead - I hope I do.Despite this, 3 DCMs were in fact awarded to 9/RB. The recipients were <mask> together with Riflemen H. Hill and C.G. Roberts. The citation published in the London Gazette of 16 November 1915 reads:
B/2391 Serjeant H.J.<mask>, 9th Battalion, Rifle Brigade. For conspicuous gallantry and ability on the 25th September, 1915, on Bellewaarde Ridge. During the action Serjeant <mask> passed continually backwards and forwards trying to establish communication with the Battalion on his right, and later, when all his Officers had been killed, he rallied and organised the men of his own and other Companies, and captured a position in the German second line trenches, which he held against all counter attacks. During the day he was under incessant machine gun and shell fire.He also took six prisoners, and made them carry back the wounded of his party. He exhibited the greatest bravery and devotion to duty. Such actions, including <mask>'s, were widely reported in the British press at the time as examples of how men in junior ranks had exercised initiative and leadership after their units had suffered high casualties amongst their officers - for example an article entitled Gallant Deeds Rewarded - Leaders in the Ranks published by The Buckingham Advertiser and North Bucks Free Press in November 1915. During the battle of Delville Wood (part of the Battle of the Somme) in the summer of 1916, <mask> suffered serious gun-shot wounds and was evacuated to the Huddersfield War Hospital at Royds Hall, Huddersfield. He remained there until at least mid-March 1917, as he was decorated with his D.C.M by the Commanding Officer of the hospital, Lt Col W.L.W. Marshall, R.A.M.C. on 16 March 1917.Later in 1917 <mask> returned to 9th Battalion of the Rifle Brigade, who were now

masks: Willey Willey Willey Willey Willey Willey


title: Hubert James Willey

texts:
 again serving near Ypres. During the Third Battle of Ypres the 14th Division was ordered to attack German positions in two woods (known to the British Army as Glencorse Wood and Inverness Copse) on either side of the Ypres - Menin road, on 22 August 1917. Initially, the attack achieved most of its objectives but the attacking troops were then the subject of strong German counter-attacks. Held in reserve, 9/RB was then ordered, on 24 August, to relieve 8th Battalion King's Royal Rifle Corps and reinforce 6th Battalion Somerset Light Infantry. In his subsequent report, the commanding officer of 9/RB, Lt Col F.A.U. Pickering DSO related:
About this time, under orders from the OC 6th Bn K.O.Y.L.I., my reserve platoons were sent to reinforce the 6th Bn. Somerset L.I.; one platoon on the right of the old front line and one platoon forward - well into the heart of Inverness Copse; this platoon, which went in over thirty-six strong, never left Inverness Copse though it was reduced to a serjeant and four men. This serjeant, <mask> by name, collected a few stragglers of other battalions and held a post at the north end of the copse, but south of the Menin Road, until relieved. <mask> was awarded a bar to his DCM for this action, gazetted 22 October 1917

B/2391 Sjt H.J.<mask>, Rif. Bde. (Stoke Newington). For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. He led his platoon through a heavy barrage to reinforce another unit which was being strongly counter-attacked.He rallied men who had been driven back and led them forward. Though counter-attacked again and losing heavily, he held on to his position, which was one of the greatest importance, until relieved. He set a splendid example to all. <mask> was commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade in May 1918, and posted to

masks: Willey Willey Willey Willey


title: Hubert James Willey

texts:
the 13th Battalion of the Rifle Brigade (111th Brigade, 37th Division). In late August 1918 the battalion took part in the attack on Ablainzevelle and Favreuil, part of the Second Battle of Bapaume. Between 21 and 26 August, the brigade advanced some 8 miles, but during this time <mask> was wounded  - the overall battalion casualties in this action were 50 killed and 259 wounded. <mask> was promoted to Lieutenant in 1919 and again to A/Captain in 1920, leaving the Army that year.Later in 1920 he joined the Metropolitan Police in London. On 9 December 1922 he married Lillian May Brocklebank and together they had a daughter and a son. During much of the 1920s and '30s, <mask> served as a detective in Special Branch, earning several commendations for arrests in firearms and other cases. In 1921 <mask> was serving in the short-lived Home Office Directorate of Intelligence under Sir Basil Thomson. In 1931 <mask> arrested and gave evidence at the trial of William Shepherd who was subsequently convicted with George Allison of inciting mutiny in the Fleet at Portsmouth in the wake of the Invergordon Mutiny. During the Second World War <mask> was awarded the King's Commendation for Brave Conduct for his actions during the London Blitz. <mask> died in 1948, while still serving with the Metropolitan Police, commanding the Wimbledon sub-division of V Division, in the rank of Sub-Divisional Inspector (a now abolished rank equivalent to the modern Superintendent).He was survived by his wife and children. References

Notes

1897 births
1948 deaths
Military personnel from Dublin (city)
British Army personnel of World War I
Rifle Brigade soldiers
Rifle Brigade officers
Metropolitan Police officers
Recipients of the Queen's Commendation for Brave Conduct
Recipients of the Distinguished

masks: Willey Willey Willey Willey Willey Willey Willey


title: Karl Gutzkow

texts:
<mask> ( in Berlin –  in Sachsenhausen) was a German writer notable in the Young Germany movement of the mid-19th century. Life
Gutzkow was born of an extremely poor family, not proletarian, but of the lowest and most menial branch of state employees. His father held a clerkship in the war office in Berlin, and was pietistic and puritanical in his outlook and demands. Jacob Wittmer Hartmann speculates that Gutzkow's later agnosticism was probably a reaction against the excessive religiosity of his early surroundings. After completing his basic studies, beginning in 1829 Gutzkow studied theology and philosophy at the University of Berlin, where his teachers included Hegel and Schleiermacher. While still a student, he began his literary career by the publication in 1831 of a periodical entitled Forum der Journalliteratur. This brought him to the notice of Wolfgang Menzel, who invited him to Stuttgart to assist in the editorship of the Literaturblatt.At the same time he continued his university studies at Jena, Heidelberg and Munich. In 1832 he published Briefe eines Narren an eine Närrin anonymously in Hamburg; and in 1833 his novel Maha-Guru, Geschichte eines Gottes, a fantastic and satirical romance set in Tibet, was issued in Stuttgart by the well known  publishing house. In 1835 he went to Frankfurt, where he founded the Deutsche Revue. While Gutzkow started out as a collaborator of Wolfgang Menzel, he ended up his adversary. Also in 1835, his novel Wally die Zweiflerin appeared. News of the 1830 July Revolution at Paris had moved him deeply, and the general atmosphere of radicalism pervading Europe at that time, and perhaps more specifically a reading of the Life of Jesus by David Friedrich Strauss, influenced Gutzkow in the composition of this first novel, which exalts the agnosticism and emancipated views of the heroine, Wally. The work was directed specially against the institution of marriage and the belief in revelation.The book incorporates many ideas that Gutzkow had recently absorbed


title: Karl Gutzkow

texts: from French writers, notably Henri de Saint-Simon, particularly the latter's theory of the emancipation of the flesh. Immediately after its publication, the writings of Gutzkow, together with those of Heinrich Heine, Heinrich Laube, Ludolf Wienbarg and Theodor Mundt, were banned by the German Federal Assembly in December 1835. This is usually taken as the starting point of the school known as Young Germany, literary reformers heralding the democratic upheaval of 1848. Whatever interest <mask>'s novel might have attracted from its own merits was enhanced by the action of the German federal diet, which condemned Gutzkow to three months' imprisonment, decreed the suppression of all he had written or might yet write, and prohibited him from exercising the functions of editor within the German confederation. During his term of imprisonment at Mannheim, Gutzkow wrote his treatise Zur Philosophie der Geschichte (1836). On obtaining his freedom he returned to Frankfurt, whence he went in 1837 to Hamburg. Here he inaugurated a new epoch of his literary activity by bringing out his tragedy Richard Savage (1839), which immediately made the round of all the German theatres.Of his numerous other plays, the majority by c. 1910 were neglected; but a few had obtained an established place in the repertory of the German theatre, especially the comedies Zopf und Schwert (1844), Das Urbild des Tartüffe (1847), Der Königsleutnant (1849) and the blank verse tragedy, Uriel Acosta (1847). In 1847, <mask> went to Dresden, where he succeeded Tieck as literary adviser to the court theatre. Meanwhile, he had not neglected the novel. Seraphine (1838) was followed by Blasedow und seine Söhne, a satire on the educational theories of the time. Between 1850 and 1852 appeared Die Ritter vom Geiste, which may be regarded as the starting point for the modern German social novel. Der Zauberer von Rom is a powerful study of Roman Catholic life in southern Germany. After the success of Die Ritter vom Geiste, Gutzkow founded a

masks: Gutzkow Gutzkow


title: Garry Marshall

texts:
<mask> (November 13, 1934 – July 19, 2016) was an American actor and filmmaker. He started his career in the 1960s writing for The Lucy Show and The Dick Van Dyke Show before he developed Neil Simon's 1965 play The Odd Couple for television in 1970. He gained fame for creating Happy Days (1974–1984), Laverne and Shirley (1976–1983), and Mork and Mindy (1978–1982). He is also known for directing Overboard (1987), Beaches (1988), Pretty Woman (1990), Runaway Bride (1999), and the family films The Princess Diaries (2001) and The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement (2004). He also directed the romantic comedy ensemble films Valentine's Day (2010), New Year's Eve (2011), and Mother's Day (2016). Early life
<mask> was born in the Bronx, New York City, on November 13, 1934, the only son and the eldest child of Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli (later <mask>; 1906–1999), a director of industrial films and producer, and Marjorie Irene (née Ward; 1908–1983), the owner and teacher in a tap dance school. He was the brother of actress/director <mask> and <mask>, a television producer.His father was of Italian descent, his family having come from San Martino sulla Marrucina, Chieti, Abruzzo, and his mother was of German, English, and Scottish ancestry. His father changed his last name from Masciarelli to <mask> before his son <mask> was born. <mask> was baptized Presbyterian and also raised Lutheran for a time. He attended De Witt Clinton High School and Northwestern University, where he wrote a sports column for The Daily Northwestern, and was a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. Beginning in 1956, <mask> served a stint in the U.S. Army as a writer for Stars and Stripes and Seoul News, and was production chief for Armed Forces Radio Network; serving in Korea. <mask> began his career as a joke writer for such comedians as Joey Bishop and Phil Foster and became a writer for The Tonight Show with Jack Paar. He originally partnered with writer Fred Freeman.In 1961, he and Freeman moved to

masks:
Garry Kent Marshall
Garry Kent Marshall
Anthony Wallace Marshall
Penny Marshall
Ronny Marshall Hallin
Marshall
Garry
Garry Marshall
Marshall
Career Marshall


title: Garry Marshall

texts: Hollywood, where they broke into writing sitcoms on The Joey Bishop Show. Freeman, however, found that he didn't enjoy sitcom work, and moved back to New York. <mask> soon teamed up with new writing partner Jerry Belson, and the two worked as a team through the 1960s. The pair worked on The Dick Van Dyke Show, The Joey Bishop Show, The Danny Thomas Show, and The Lucy Show. Their first television series as creator-producers was Hey, Landlord, which lasted one season (1966–67). Then they adapted Neil Simon's play The Odd Couple for television. Moving into the 1970s, <mask> worked on his own or with others, and created Happy Days, Laverne & Shirley (starring his sister Penny, who had earlier had a recurring role on The Odd Couple), and Mork & Mindy, which were produced by his associates Thomas L. Miller, Robert L. Boyett, and Edward K. Milkis.He was also a co-creator of Makin' It, which the three men also produced. In the early 1980s, he met Héctor Elizondo while playing basketball, and they became great friends. Elizondo appeared in every film that <mask> directed, beginning with his first feature film Young Doctors in Love. Elizondo once noted that he is written into all of <mask>'s contracts whether he wanted to do the film or not. In the opening credits of Exit to Eden (their eighth film together), Elizondo is credited "As Usual ... Hector Elizondo". In 1984, <mask> had a film hit as the writer and director of The Flamingo Kid. <mask> wore many hats during this period of his career: most of his hit television series were created and executive produced by him.His first producing assignment came with Hey, Landlord in 1966. He stepped up the very next year, producing The Lucy Show. Then came successes in producing The Odd Couple, Laverne & Shirley, Blansky's Beauties, Mork & Mindy, Angie, and Happy Days. He launched independent productions through his theater (The Falcon in Toluca Lake) and in association with productions launched with talent he was grooming and working with

masks: Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall Marshall


title: Garry Marshall

texts:
 for years. One such project titled Four Stars was directed by Lynda Goodfriend (who portrayed Lori Beth in Happy Days), and was based on a play Goodfriend had read when she was studying at the Lee Strasberg Center, which had been written by John Schulte and Kevin Mahoney. It starred Julie Paris (the daughter of Jerry Paris) and Bert Kramer. Schulte later co-wrote with TV veteran writer and producer Fred Fox, Jr., who penned and produced a number of <mask>'s television series, including Happy Days and Laverne & Shirley.<mask> went on to focus on directing feature films, with a series of hits, such as Beaches, Pretty Woman, The Princess Diaries, Valentine's Day, and New Year's Eve. <mask> was also an actor, appearing in Murphy Brown and in such films as Soapdish, On the Lot, his sister's A League Of Their Own and Albert Brooks' Lost in America, and provided a guest-starring voice for The Simpsons episodes "Eight Misbehavin' and "Homer the Father" (one of his first roles as an undercover cop in the counter-culture drama Psych-Out starring Jack Nicholson). He also appeared in two episodes of Happy Days as a drummer. He was also a drummer in the second last scene of The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement and he plays a drummer in his film Overboard. His theater credits included Wrong Turn at Lungfish, which he wrote in collaboration with Lowell Ganz, The Roast with Jerry Belson, Shelves and Happy Days: A New Musical with Paul Williams, which had its premiere at the Falcon Theater in Burbank, California, February 24, 2006. He portrayed the role of "director" on Burbank's "Lights... camera... action!"float in the 2014 Rose Parade. In 2014, <mask> appeared in a guest star role in a February episode in season 11 of Two and a Half Men. In 1997, he co-authored the memoir Wake Me When It's Funny with his daughter <mask>. Personal life
<mask> married Barbara Sue Wells on March 9, 1963. They had three children, including <mask>. Death and tributes
On the morning of July 19, 2016,

masks:
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Marshall
Lori Marshall
Marshall
Scott Marshall


title: Garry Marshall

texts:
 <mask>, aged 81, died at a hospital in Burbank, California, due to complications of pneumonia after suffering a stroke. Henry Winkler paid tribute to <mask> on Barry in 2019 and SAG-AFTRA made a Memoriam Tribute to <mask> on the SAG Awards in 2019.Also, Julia Roberts paid tribute to <mask> in Pretty Woman: The Musical, in 2018. ABC aired the special The Happy Days of Garry Marshall on May 12, 2020. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Awards and nominations
In 1996, <mask> was awarded the Women in Film Lucy Award in recognition of excellence and innovation in creative works that have enhanced the perception of women through the medium of television. He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame for his contributions to the field of television in 1997. In 2012, he was inducted into the National Association of Broadcasters' Broadcasting Hall of Fame. <mask> received the Valentine Davies Award (1995) and Laurel Award for TV Writing Achievement (2014) from the Writers Guild of America. References

Further reading

External links

1934 births
2016 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American writers
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American writers
American film directors of Italian descent
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male television actors
American male television writers
American male voice actors
American people of English descent
American people of German descent
American writers of Italian descent
American people of Scottish descent
American television directors
American television writers
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Comedy film directors
Deaths from pneumonia in California
Film directors from New York (state)
Film producers from New York (state)
Male actors from New York City
Northwestern University alumni
People of Abruzzese descent
Screenwriters from New York (state)
Showrunners
Writers from


title: T. G. Ravi

texts:
T. G<mask> (born 16 May 1944), popularly known as T. G<mask>, is an Indian film actor, mainly noted for his roles as a villain in Malayalam cinema. He along with Balan K. Nair played most of the negative roles in Malayalam cinema during the 1970s and 1980s. Known for his body language and style of dialogue delivery, he played some of the biggest villain roles in Malayalam cinema during that period. Early life and family

T.G<mask> was born on 16 May 1944 in an, Ezhuthachan family in Moorkanikkara village, Thrissur, in present-day Kerala, India. After the completion of pre-degree from St. Thomas College, Thrissur, he chose to pursue a career in engineering and undertook his degree course through University of Kerala in Government Engineering College, Thrissur. He graduated in mechanical engineering in 1969.Apart from involving in theatre arts, he also represented the University of Kerala in Football and Hockey. He was an artist at The All India Radio where he met <mask>, who was instrumental in introducing him to the silver screen. Acting career

<mask> began acting in the plays put up by the young men in his village, Moorkkanikkara, in Thrissur district. He also started acting in professional drama. Radio plays were popular in those days. <mask> introduced <mask> to Aravindan, a highly acclaimed Malayalam Director, which fetched him his first role in Uttarayanam. But he didn't get any offers to act after that, so he produced a film himself, Paadasaram, in which he was, predictably, the hero.It flopped at the box office, but the next two films he produced, Chora Chuvanna Chora and Chakara, did better.

masks:
. Ravindranathan
. Ravi
. Ravi
Thikkodiyan
Ravi
Thikkodiyan
Ravi


title: T. G. Ravi

texts:
 The role of Shaji in Chakara opposite Jayan established him as a villain. Among those who noticed him was director Bharathan. He cast <mask> in the role of Kunjippalu in Parankimala. The villain who spoke in the Thrissur dialect proved to be the turning point in his career. After Parankimala, as <mask> starred in many hits, including Ee Nadu, Iniyenkilum, Pathamudayam, 1921, NH 47, and Pavam Krooran. He quit acting when he was at his peak, as one of the dreaded villains of Malayalam cinema in the late 1980s.T. G<mask> is now active again as an actor, after a break. He restarted his career with Sibi Malayil's venture Amrutham in 2005 and then made noted performances in Pakal, Cycle, Romans, Jacobinte Swargarajyam, Georgettans Pooram, Red Wine, and The Priest. Personal life
He is a noted industrialist and has been instrumental in developing Thrissur as a major base for the rubber industries. He is the Managing Director of Suntec Tyres Limited. He has also served as the president of The Cochin Devaswom Board which controls the affairs of over 400 temples in Ernakulam, Thrissur and Palakkad districts. He was married to (late) Dr. V. K. Subhadra, a retired government servant. He has two children: Ranjith, an alumnus of Indian Institute of Management Calcutta and London Business School and Sreejith <mask>, a mechanical engineer from NIT, Surathkal, MBA from ICFAI Business School, Bangalore and an upcoming film actor.Seema and Sajitha are his daughters-in-law. Milit, Rijrashwa, Mitul and Ritunjay are his grandsons and Minal is his granddaughter. T. G<mask> was the president of All Kerala Ezhuthachan

masks:
Ravi
Ravi
. Ravi
Ravi
. Ravi


title: Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)

texts:
<mask> (born July 16, 1973) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the U.S. representative for  since 2013. A member of the Democratic Party, he entered Congress in 2003, representing Ohio's 17th congressional district until redistricting. <mask>'s district currently takes in a large swath of northeastern Ohio, from Youngstown to Akron. Born in Niles, <mask> worked as an aide to U.S. Representative Jim Traficant after graduating from Bowling Green State University. He served in the Ohio Senate from 2001 to 2002 before winning the election to succeed Traficant. In November 2016, <mask> launched an unsuccessful challenge to unseat Nancy Pelosi as party leader of the House Democrats. He was a candidate for the 2020 Democratic presidential nomination before ending his campaign on October 24, 2019, to run for reelection.He was reelected to his tenth term in 2020. <mask> is running in the Democratic primary for the open seat in the 2022 United States Senate election in Ohio. Early life and career
<mask> was born in Niles, Ohio, the son of Rochelle Maria (Rizzi) and Allen Leroy <mask>; he is of Irish and Italian ancestry. <mask>'s parents divorced when he was seven years old, and <mask> was raised by his mother. <mask> graduated from John F. Kennedy High School in Warren, where he played football as a quarterback and coached junior high basketball. He was recruited to play football at Youngstown State University, but a knee injury ended his playing career and he transferred to Bowling Green State University. <mask> received a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Bowling Green in 1995 and was a member of Delta Tau Delta fraternity.After college, he joined the staff of Ohio Congressman Jim Traficant. In 2000, <mask> earned a Juris Doctor degree from Franklin Pierce Law Center in Concord, New Hampshire. From 2000 to 2002 he served half a term

masks:
Timothy John Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan


title: Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)

texts:
 in the Ohio State Senate. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

After Jim Traficant was convicted on criminal charges in 2002, <mask> declared his candidacy for the 17th district. As the result of redistricting following the 2000 census, the 17th, which had long been based in Youngstown, had been pushed west and included much of Portage County and part of Akron. Before the redistricting, all of Akron had been part of the 14th district, represented by eight-term Democrat Tom Sawyer. The 14th had been eliminated in 2000; most of it was drawn into the 13th district of fellow Democrat Sherrod Brown, but Sawyer's home was drawn into the 17th.<mask> was initially seen as an underdog in a six-way Democratic primary that included Sawyer. In the 2002 Democratic primary, <mask> defeated Sawyer, who was seen as insufficiently labor-friendly in the newly drawn district. In the November 2002 general election, he faced Republican Insurance Commissioner Ann Womer Benjamin as well as Traficant, who ran as an independent from his prison cell. <mask> won with 51% of the vote to Benjamin's 37%. When he took office in January 2003, he was the youngest Democrat in the House, at 29 years of age. He was reelected to represent the 17th district five times, only once facing a contest nearly as close as his first. In 2010, he was held to 53% of the vote; Traficant, running as an independent, took 16%.Since a redistricting in 2012, he has served five terms as the U.S. representative for the 13th district. Tenure

In his first year in office in 2003, <mask> was one of seven members of Congress to vote against the Do-Not-Call Implementation Act, and one of eight to oppose ratification of the FTC's establishment of a National Do Not Call Registry. In 2010, <mask> voted for the Stupak Amendment restricting federal funding for abortions, but in January 2015, he announced that

masks: Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan


title: Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)

texts: having "gained a deeper understanding of the complexities and emotions that accompany the difficult decisions [about whether to end a pregnancy]" over his time in public office, he had reversed his position on abortion and now identified as pro-choice. In 2010, <mask> introduced the Currency Reform for Fair Trade Act, which sought punitive trade tariffs on countries, notably China, that were engaging in currency manipulation. It passed the House overwhelmingly but never made it to the floor in the Senate. In an October 2010 interview with conservative magazine Human Events, <mask> said tax increases on small businesses were necessary "because we have huge deficits. We gotta shore up Social Security.We gotta shrink our deficits". <mask> initiated a bid to replace Pelosi as House Minority Leader on November 17, 2016, prompted by colleagues after the 2016 presidential election. After Pelosi agreed to give more leadership opportunities to junior members, she defeated <mask> by a vote of 134–63 on November 30. <mask> supported the Iran nuclear deal to prevent Iran from acquiring weapons of mass destruction. In April 2016, he tweeted, "I was in Jerusalem a few weeks ago & saw firsthand the dangerous threat Israelis face. Israel has the right to defend itself from terror." Around 2018, <mask> helped Adi Othman, an undocumented immigrant in Youngstown, Ohio, remain in the United States.Othman had lived in the United States for nearly 40 years, ran several businesses in Youngstown, was married to a US citizen and had four US-born children. <mask> repeatedly presented a bill to Congress whereby Othman would be granted a more thorough review of his case to stay in the United States (Othman disputed a verdict by immigration officials on a matter that affected his legal status); the fact that the bill was in motion meant that Othman could temporarily stay. Othman

masks: Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan Ryan


title: Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)

texts:
 was deported from the United States in February 2018 after President Donald Trump directed U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) to increase the number of arrests and deportations of undocumented immigrants. <mask> condemned the deportation, saying, "To watch these families get ripped apart is the most heart-breaking thing any American citizen could ever see ... Because you are for these families, it doesn't mean you are not for a secure border." <mask> chairs the Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch, which is investigating the 2021 storming of the US Capitol. In May 2021, <mask> angrily chastised Senate Republicans for blocking a January 6 commission to investigate the 2021 United States Capitol attack. Committee assignments

 Committee on Appropriations
Subcommittee on the Legislative Branch (Chair)
Subcommittee on Defense
Subcommittee on Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies

Caucus memberships
 Co-chair of the Congressional Addiction, Treatment and Recovery Caucus
 Co-chair of the Congressional Manufacturing Caucus
 United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus
 Sportsmen's Caucus
 Congressional Arts Caucus
 Ohio River Basin Congressional Caucus
 Afterschool Caucuses
Medicare for All Caucus
Blue Collar Caucus

2020 presidential campaign

After the 2018 midterms, <mask> was seen as a possible candidate for the 2020 presidential election.In February and March 2019, he traveled to early primary states such as Iowa and New Hampshire. <mask>'s 2020 presidential campaign officially began on April 4, 2019, when he announced his candidacy in the Democratic primaries. He also announced that he would seek the nomination on The View. After qualifying for only two debates and continuously polling below 1% nationwide, <mask> formally withdrew from the race on October 24, 2019. He was reelected to the House of


title: Tim Ryan (Ohio politician)

texts:
 Representatives in 2020. 2022 U.S. Senate election

On January 25, 2021, Republican U.S. Senator from Ohio Rob Portman announced that he would not seek reelection in 2022.<mask> filed paperwork to run to replace him. On April 26, 2021, <mask> announced that he is running for the United States Senate in a video posted via Twitter. Publications
In March 2012, Hay House published <mask>'s A Mindful Nation, a book about the practice of mindfulness in both private and public life. He writes in his introduction:  In October 2014, the same publisher published <mask>'s The Real Food Revolution. Personal life
In 2013, <mask> married Andrea Zetts, his second wife; they have lived in Howland Township near Warren, Ohio, since that year. In 2014, they had a son, Brady. <mask> also lives with Zetts's two children from a previous relationship.In September 2021, <mask> announced that he had tested positive for COVID-19. He said, "While I'm currently experiencing mild symptoms, I'm grateful to have the protection of a safe and effective vaccine—and I know without it, this illness could be much, much worse." Electoral history

See also
 List of United States representatives from Ohio
 30 Something Working Group

References

External links

 Congressman <mask> official U.S. House website
 <mask> for Congress

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1973 births
21st-century American politicians
American people of Irish descent
American politicians of Italian descent
Bowling Green State University alumni
Candidates in the 2020 United States presidential election
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio
Ohio lawyers
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio
Ohio Democrats
Ohio state senators
People from Niles, Ohio
People from Warren, Ohio
University of New Hampshire School of Law alumni
American lawyers and judges of Italian

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Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
Ryan
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Tim Ryan
Tim Ryan


title: Richard Hieram Sankey

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Lieutenant-General Sir <mask>  (22 March 1829 – 11 November 1908) was an officer in the Royal (Madras) Engineers in the East India Company's army in British India, later transferring to the British Army after the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and the assumption of Crown rule in India. Sankey Tank which he constructed to meet the water demands of Bangalore is named after him. The high court building in Bangalore, Attara Kacheri, was designed by him and built by Arcot Narrainswamy Mudaliar. Early life
<mask> was born in 1829 at Rockwell Castle, County Tipperary, Ireland on 22 March 1829. He was the fourth son of Eleanor and <mask>. Eleanor was herself from a family of military men, her father being Colonel Henry O'Hara, J.P of O'Hara Broom, County Antrim. <mask> was a barrister at Bawnmore, Co. Cork and Modeshil, Co. Tipperary.<mask> did his schooling at Rev. Flynn's School on Harcourt Street in Dublin and entered the East India Company's military seminary at Addiscombe in 1845. At Addiscombe he was awarded for his excellence at painting. Career in India

He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Madras Sappers in November 1846, he was then trained in military engineering with the Royal Engineers at Chatham from 1 January 1847 (holding temporary rank as an ensign in the British Army). He then arrived in India in November 1848. After two years of service at Mercatur, he officiated in 1850 as Superintending Engineer at Nagpur. During this time he made a small collection of fossils of Glossopteris from the Nagpur district and wrote a paper on the geology of the region in 1854.The collection was moved from the Museum of Practical Geology to the British Museum in 1880. In 1856, he was promoted as the Superintendent of the East Coast

masks:
Richard Hieram Sankey
Richard Sankey
Matthew Sankey
Matthew Sankey
Richard Sankey


title: Richard Hieram Sankey

texts:
 in Madras and was elected as a Fellow of the Madras University. He also helped in the creation and improvements of the Marina, the gardens and the Government House grounds. He was promoted major general on 4 June 1883, and retired from the army on 11 January 1884 with the honorary rank of lieutenant general. He also received the distinguished service award in India. <mask> married Sophia Mary, daughter of William Henry Benson of the Indian Civil Service, at Ootacamund in 1858.After her death in 1882 he married Henrietta, widow of Edward Browne JP, at Dublin in 1890. Contributions to Bangalore
 St. Andrew's Church, Bangalore (1864)
 Cubbon Park (1864)
 Sankey Tank (1860)
 Bangalore Museum (1877)
 Mayo Hall (designed in 1870)

Return to Ireland and death

After retirement, he went back to Ireland, where he became the Chairman of the Board of Works. He was promoted Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath on 25 May 1892 for his work in Ireland. He also undertook projects in Mexico. Later he settled in London where he died at St George's Hospital in 1908 and was interred at Hove, Sussex. <mask> is memorialised in Phoenix Park, Dublin, Ireland. A circle of trees bears the name <mask>'s Wood.A plaque (dated 1894) lies half-hidden in the undergrowth there. References

Further reading

External links
 Newspaper report on the Coliban waterworks
 Le Messurier, A (1880) Kandahar in 1879. W H Allen. 1829 births
1908 deaths
Irish engineers
Royal Engineers officers
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
British Army generals
British military personnel of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
British military personnel of the Second Anglo-Afghan War
People from County Tipperary
Alumni of Addiscombe Military Seminary
British East India Company Army

masks: Sankey Sankey Sankey


title: John T. Biggers

texts:
<mask> (April 13, 1924 – January 25, 2001) was an African-American muralist who came to prominence after the Harlem Renaissance and toward the end of World War II. Biggers created works critical of racial and economic injustice. He also served as the founding chairman of the art department at Houston's Texas State University for Negroes (now Texas Southern University), a historically black college. Early life and education
<mask> was born in a shotgun house built by his father in Gastonia, North Carolina. His father Paul was a Baptist preacher, farmer, shoemaker, schoolteacher, and principal of a three-room school. His mother Cora was a housekeeper for white families. The youngest of seven, <mask> was reared in a close family that valued creativity and education.When Cora's husband died in 1937, she took a job in an orphanage for Black children. She sent <mask> and his brother Joe to Lincoln Academy, an American Missionary Association school for African-American children in Kings Mountain, North Carolina. After graduating from Lincoln, <mask> attended Hampton Institute (now Hampton University), a historically black college. <mask> planned to become a plumber (his Hampton application included boiler room drawings). His life took a dramatic change of course when he took an art class with Viktor Lowenfeld, a Jewish refugee who in 1939 had fled from Nazi persecution in Austria before World War II. Lowenfield introduced his students to works by African Americans and helped them understand the religious and social context of African art, of which the Hampton Museum had a significant collection. Afterward, Biggers began to study art.At Hampton, <mask> also studied under African-American painter Charles White and sculptor Elizabeth Catlett. He also began to learn the work of Mexican muralists Jose Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, and Diego Rivera; and American regionalists Grant

masks:
John Thomas Biggers
Biggers
Biggers
John
Biggers
Biggers
Biggers


title: John T. Biggers

texts:
 Wood, Reginald Marsh, <mask> Benton, and Harry Sternberg. He was exposed to and influenced by Harlem Renaissance artists William Artis and Hale Woodruf, and writers W. E. B. Du Bois and Alain Locke. In 1943, <mask> was drafted and joined the U.S. Navy, which was segregated, like the other armed services. He remained stationed at the Hampton Institute and made models of military equipment for training purposes. In that same year, his talents were recognized when his work was included in a landmark exhibit Young Negro Art at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.<mask> was discharged in 1945. Education and career
When Viktor Lowenfeld left Hampton to teach art education at Pennsylvania State University, he persuaded <mask> to follow. In 1946, <mask> enrolled at Pennsylvania State where he earned  bachelor's and master's degrees in art education in 1948. In that same year, he married Hazel Hales. He earned a doctorate from Pennsylvania State in 1954. He was awarded an honorary doctor of letters degree from Hampton University in 1990. His works can be found at Hampton University in Hampton, Virginia, primarily in the campus library.The University Museum at Houston's Texas Southern University houses a collection of <mask>'s works. <mask> was hired to be founding chairman of the art department in 1949 at Houston's Texas State University for Negroes (now Texas Southern University). "Over the next thirty-four years Biggers trained the next generation of African American artists and teachers that form a vital part of <mask>'s legacy." Mr. <mask> retired from Texas Southern University in 1983. He lived at 3527 Ruth Street while he taught at TSU. In 1950, <mask> won first prize for his painting The Cradle at the annual exhibition at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston. "Segregationist policies, however, allowed black visitors into the museum only on Thursdays, so he could not attend the show's

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Biggers
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title: John T. Biggers

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 opening."From 1950 to 1956 <mask> painted four murals in African-American communities in Texas, the beginning of his work in murals. He painted many public murals in Houston and elsewhere, including two in 1991 for Winston-Salem State University in North Carolina. Most are still in place. <mask> received a mural commission by the Young Women's Christian Association of Houston in 1952, for the Blue Triangle branch. Thinking of the YWCA as a place for African-American girls and women to be empowered, <mask> was inspired to draw from his mural for his doctoral thesis. His mural was titled The Contribution of the Negro Woman to American Life and Education. <mask> wanted the mural to represent the world of the girls and women who would see it.It honors the sacrifices and endeavors of African American women on behalf of their families and communities, and human rights for women of all races. The mural was revolutionary, symbolizing the sociological, historical, and educational influences of heroic women. UNESCO fellowship
<mask> received a fellowship in 1957 from UNESCO, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. With it, he was one of the first African-American artists to visit Africa. Under the auspices of UNESCO, he and his wife Hazel traveled to Ghana, Benin, Nigeria and Togo to study West African cultural traditions first-hand. <mask> described his trip to Ghana and Nigeria as a "positive shock" and as "the most significant of my life's experiences." He adopted African design motifs and scenes of life from his travels as important elements of his subsequent work.<mask> returned to Africa again in 1969, 1984 and 1987. In a 1975 Houston Oral History Project interview, <mask> spoke of his experiences. "We spent most of our time in the country. People call it "bush," you know, that's a name sort of like the hunter. I don't care for that name for the country

masks: Biggers Biggers Biggers Biggers Biggers Biggers Biggers Biggers


title: John T. Biggers

texts:
 people because country people have a great traditional culture. And these cultures are all over the country. They are beautiful.They have endured." <mask> credits Lowenfeld with influencing his artistic development, giving him a larger perspective on the anguish that people have suffered because of race or religious beliefs. He died at age 76 in Houston. Career
When Biggers studied African myths and legends, he was particularly drawn to the creation stories of a matriarchal deistic system, contrasting with the patriarchal images of the European world. As his ideas and images of Africa melded with memories of his rural Southern life, his work became more geometric, stylized and symbolic. He used quilt-like geometric patterning as a unifying element of his work and made his colors richer and lighter. In later years, Biggers shifted from creating works that were overtly critical of racial and economic injustice (Victim of the City Streets #2, 1946) to more allegorical works (Birth from the Sea, 1964 and Shotguns: Third Ward, 1987).Robert Farris <mask> notes how <mask> gives iconic treatment to household items associated with everyday domestic life. For instance, he portrays the shotgun house as a symbol of collective dignity and cultural identity. The recurring symbol of the simple shotgun with a woman standing on the porch can be interpreted not only as the simplest type of housing but also as a reference to women, through whom all creation comes. He uses a repeated triangular roof shape similar to pieces of a quilt, a reference to making a beautiful whole cloth from many irregular pieces, as another symbol of the creative force. In 1994, <mask> illustrated Maya Angelou's poem "Our Grandmothers". In 1995, the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston hosted a retrospective exhibition of <mask>'s work titled The Art of <mask>gers: View from the Upper Room. The show also traveled to Boston,

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John Big


title: John T. Biggers

texts:
 Hartford, Connecticut, and Raleigh, North Carolina."He is someone who has retained, over 50 years, an emphasis on African-American culture," said Alvia J. Wardlaw, curator of the exhibition, a recognized author on African American Art, and professor and curator of Texas Southern University's Museum. The catalogue Wardlaw created for the retrospective, The Art of <mask>gers: View from the Upper Room (published by Harry N. Abrams in 1995), includes a broad selection of <mask>'s paintings, drawings, prints, and sculptures. In 1996 <mask> was invited to create the original design for the Celebration of Life mural in North Minneapolis, a predominantly African-American community. The mural was completed by a number of local Minnesota artists, including a few of considerable reputation such as Seitu Jones and <mask>umba Aiken. Due to the creation of a new housing development, the mural was taken down in 2001. In 2016, The Mint Museum in Charlotte, N.C., opened a multi-year exhibit <mask>: Wheels in Wheels, which includes 12 important paintings, drawings and prints, as well as a rare example of the artist's sculpture. "Through the use of a rich symbolic language and beautiful craftsmanship, Biggers found connections between personal, familial, and regional histories, traditions, symbols, which he wove together to articulate broader cultural and historical concerns," the exhibit promotion stated.Themes that repeat throughout his career - the importance of women, family and triumph over adversity - are evident in the works on display. Auction records

On October 8, 2009, Swann Galleries set an auction record for any work by <mask> when they sold the painting Shotguns (1987), acrylic and oil on canvas, for $216,000 in a sale of African-American fine art. A stellar representation of the shotgun-style houses found in Southern black communities, the painting had been widely exhibited and was

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Biggers
Ta co
John Biggers
Biggers


title: John T. Biggers

texts:
 considered a culmination of <mask>'s work. It had remained in a private collection since being acquired directly from the artist in 1987. <mask>'s papers, including correspondence, photographs, printed materials, professional materials, subject files, writings, and audiovisual materials documenting his work as an artist and educator are located at Emory University's Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library in Atlanta, Georgia. His works are in such collections as noted below. Selected collections
 Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN
 Williams College Museum of Art, WCMA, Williamstown, MA
 Hampton University, Hampton, VA
 The University Museum at Texas Southern University, Houston, TX
 Art Museum of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, TX
 National Museum of African American History and Culture, Washington, D.C.

Bibliography
 <mask>, <mask>.Ananse: The Web of Life in Africa, University of Texas Press, 1962

References

External links
 The Murals of <mask>. Biggers
 The Houston Murals of <mask> Biggers
 <mask>. <mask> Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
 <mask> Papers, Emory University
 Biggers, <mask> and David Courtwright. <mask> Oral History, Houston Oral History Project, September 15, 1975
 <mask> at the Minneapolis Institute of Art, Minneapolis, MN
 African American Culture History Museum
<mask> Papers at Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University
“In Black America; <mask>,”  1985-04-12,  KUT Radio, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (WGBH and the Library of Congress), Boston, MA and Washington, DC

1924 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American painters
American male painters
American muralists
Hampton University alumni
Painters from North Carolina
People from Gastonia, North Carolina
Penn State College of Education alumni
20th-century American printmakers
African-American printmakers
20th-century

masks:
Biggers
Biggers
Biggers
John Thomas
John T
John Thomas
John T
Biggers
John Biggers
John
John Biggers
John Biggers
John Biggers
John Biggers


title: Ranjan Ramanayake

texts:
Sadda Vidda Rajapakse Palanga Pathira Ambakumarage <mask> (born 11 March 1963) (රන්ජන් රාමනායක), popularly known as <mask>, is a former Sri Lankan politician, actor, film director, singer and script writer who appeared in a number of Sinhala language films. He is a former Member of the Parliament. He served as the State Minister of Highways and Road Development (2018–2019). He served as the Deputy Minister of Social Services, Welfare and Livestock Development Under Good Govenence in 2015 and Deputy Minister of Social Empowerment and Welfare from 2015 to 2018. <mask> has won the Sarasaviya Best Actor Award as well as being the Most Popular Actor consecutively for 16 years. He has appeared in over 75 Sinhalese films in genres ranging from romance to action and comedies, starting his career appearing in theatre, stage and several television series. Personal life
<mask> was born on 11 March 1964 in Negombo.He is the youngest in the family of two children, son of Simon Alphonsu, District Inspector at. He added 'Ramanayake' to his name as a reciprocation to the filmmaker Somaratne <mask> who helped him in building up his film career as lead actor. In August 2019, he appeared in GCE A/L exam again after 1982 to pursue his later career as lawyer. On 27 December 2019, he went viral in the social media as he publicised his A/L results (2S & 1F). Subsequently, he also qualified to study law after obtaining A pass for General English, S passes for Political Science and Communication media studies despite failing in Christianity subject. Cinema career
<mask>'s first leading role was in the commercial film Jaya Kothenada but his first film was Christhu Charithaya by Dr. Sunil Ariyaratne, which was in a crowded scene and maintained his status as a commercial film star through the 1990s. <mask> has

masks:
Ranjan Leo Sylvester Alphonsu
Ranjan Ramanayake
Ramanayake
Ramanayake
Ramanayake
Ramanayake
Ramanayake


title: Ranjan Ramanayake

texts:
 occasionally branched out into more serious roles such as in Lester James Peries' Awaragira but continues to be known for his commercial roles.In 1998, he won the Sarasaviya Award for the Best Upcoming Actor for the film Hima Gira. He continued to be the Popular Actor in Sarasaviya Festival since 2002 to 2016, with a record 14 times. Recently, he has taken more control over his commercial film roles working as a director and screenwriter on the popular Parliament Jokes, One Shot and Leader, breaking box office records with these films and becoming one of the most successful leading actors and directors of Sinhala cinema. Bandu Samarasinghe and Tennyson Cooray are frequent co-stars of Ramanayake. He has sung in several films including Jaya Kothenada, Naralowa Holman, Love in Bangkok and others. His song "Ran Samanala Joduwa Wage" was a well-received among other songs. He acted few television serials.Television serials
 Bhagya
 Charulatha
 Guru Geethaya
 Nil Mahanel
 Pitagamkarayo
 Sagaraya Parada
 Sanda Kinduru
 Santhuwaranaya
 Sath Sanda Kirana
 Sudu Mal Kanda
 Ulamage Rathriya

Politics
<mask> was initially the electoral organiser of the Katana in the Gampaha Electoral District before becoming the electoral organiser in Balangoda. In 2008, <mask> contested for the position of Chief Minister on the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council and became the opposition leader on the council. In 2010 he was elected to the Parliament from Ratnapura from United National party and has become one of the most spoken members of the parliament who worked as a major opposition activist against the former government of Sri Lanka. Being one of the leading vocal members, <mask> has given utmost support towards the party to bring victory at recent Presidential Election. He is currently appointed as the

masks: Ramanayake Ramanayake Ramanayake


title: Ranjan Ramanayake

texts:
 United National Party organiser of Divulapitiya in Gampaha. <mask> of having swindled Rs.1 million promising to marry her. Based on a complaint by the woman who accused, Criminal Investigation Department arrested Ramanayake in 2010. On 4 January 2020, he was arrested for having a license expired firearm and several adult content DVDs. He was released on bail on 5 January 2020 following the verdict from Magistrate court and he was also banned from travelling overseas. Alleged threat to talk show host
On 2010, it was alleged that Ramanayake threatened the talk show host Dilka Samanmali of Derana TV following the Derana 360 talk show. <mask> has allegedly called Samanmali's parents over the phone and accused her of causing disrepute to him over the programme. He had also allegedly told the parents that harm may befall their daughter.Later, <mask> denied the allegation stating that all that he gave Dilka's father was a courtesy call. <mask> said that he did call Dilka Samanmali's father and complained that his daughter was being biased in her show. Recordings leak
His telephone conversations with former CID director Shani Abeysekara and some high-profile figures including judges were leaked in the media after the police took custody of them on suspicion. Other several telephone conversations involving him were also leaked by the police to the public and the recordings suggested that he used the law in unlawful manner to favour his government. Contempt of Court

On Jan 12, 2021 <mask> <mask> was sentenced to 4 years of rigorous imprisonment on the basis of contempt of court regarding his comments on the corruption of the judiciary. As a result he lost his parliament seat on 7 April 2021. Filmography

Awards

<mask> has won Sarasaviya Most Popuar Actor Award 4 times.Sarasaviya – Lux

masks: Ramanayakeake Ramanayake Ramanayake Ramanayake Ranjan Ramanayake Ramanayake


title: Ranjan Ramanayake

texts:
 Awards – Most popular Upcoming Actor – 1990. Sarasaviya – Most popular New Actor – 1990. Sarasaviya Awards – Most Popular Film – 2002. Sarasaviya Awards  – Most Popular Actor –  2001– 2005. Sarasaviya Awards – Best Actor – 2006. Signis Salutation – 2007 – Creative Performance (Male)- Nilambare. Signis Salutation – 2010 – Creative Performance (Male)- Paya enna hiruse.1st Derana Film Awards 2011 – Most popular Actor. Slim Nielsen Peoples Actor of the Year, for the 10th consecutive year in 2016, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017. Slim Nielsen Peoples Awards - for the 4th consecutive year in 2016. The Actor of the Youth Choice – 2013, 2014, 2015,2016, 2017. Sirasa Dancing Stars – Finalist Dancing Stars. 3rd Derana Film Awards 2015 – Most Popular Actor. 5th Derana Film Awards 2017 – Most Popular Actor.See also
List of political families in Sri Lanka

References

External links
 <mask> <mask> on IMDb
මගේ ජීවිතය ආදරෙන් පිරිලා
රන්ජන් රාමනායක ‘හදවත’ හෙළි කරයි
මේ සියල්ල ජනතාව මට දීලා තියෙන්නේ ඔවුන් වෙනුවෙන් වැඩ කරන්න
ගම්පහින් වැඩිම මනාප ලැබූ ආදරණීය සටන්කාමියා
අද පරපුරේ ජවය මදි ‘ස්ලිම් නීල්සන්’ ජනතා සම්මාන ද්විත්වයෙන් පුද ලැබූ සුපිරි නළු රන්ජන් රාමනායක
සිංහල සිනමාවේ සුපිරි වීරයා සමඟ අසංක දේවමිත්‍ර පෙරේරා උණුසුම් කතාබහක... Dawn of another hit
පාර්ලිමේන්තු ජෝක්ස් කතා පෙළක් දැන් කරතහැකියි

1963 births
Deputy ministers of Sri Lanka
Living people
Members of the 14th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the 16th Parliament of Sri Lanka
Members of the Sabaragamuwa Provincial Council
People from Negombo
Prisoners and detainees of Sri Lanka
Sinhalese male actors
Sri Lankan film directors
Sri Lankan male film actors
Sri Lankan prisoners and detainees
Sri Lankan Roman Catholics
United National Party politicians
Samagi Jana Balawegaya

masks: Ranjan Ramanayake


title: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

texts:
Cardinal-Infante <mask> (also known as <mask>, Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España and as <mask>ich; May 1609 or 1610 – 9 November 1641) was Governor of the Spanish Netherlands, Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church, Infante of Spain, Infante of Portugal (until 1640), Archduke of Austria, Archbishop of Toledo (1619–41), and military commander during the Thirty Years' War. Biography

Youth
Born at the El Escorial near Madrid, Spain in 16091, he was the son of the King of Spain and Portugal, Philip III and II and Margaret of Austria, sister of Emperor <mask> II. His older siblings were King Philip IV and III and the French queen Anne of Austria. As his father wished that he pursue an ecclesiastical career, <mask> was elevated to the Primacy of Spain in 1619, becoming Archbishop of Toledo. Shortly afterwards he was created Cardinal. The style Cardinal-Infante was a combination of his dignity as Cardinal and his station as a royal Prince (Infante in Spanish) of Spain. <mask> was never actually ordained a priest (though he received the minor orders).Events leading to the Battle of Nördlingen
In 1630 the Cardinal Infante's aunt Isabella Clara Eugenia planned to make him her successor as governor of the Spanish Netherlands. To move to the Netherlands in a style befitting a governor, a strong army had to accompany him. Travel by ship from Spain was not an option as it would expose him to risk of battle with the Dutch navy in the then ongoing Eighty Years' War, so in 1633, he went to Genoa, having quit his governorship of Catalonia where he had been trained. He met with an army from Milan for a planned march through the famous Spanish Way across Lombardy, Tyrol, and Swabia, and then following the Rhine to the Netherlands. <mask> also planned to

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Don Fernando de Austria
Ferdinand von Österre
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title: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

texts:
 secure this supply route with a string of garrisons, and to support the army of King <mask> of Hungary, his brother-in-law the emperor's son and heir, who was leading the Imperial army facing the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War. Since disease delayed his travels, he sent half of his army ahead under the command of the Duke of Feria. However, this army was severely depleted during fighting with the Swedish army of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn.The Spanish requested 4000 cavalry from the Imperial general Albrecht von Wallenstein, but this being denied, the Spanish had to fund the troops on their own. The Cardinal-Infante was able to continue his travels in 1634, collecting in Bavaria the remains of the army of Gómez Suárez, who had died in January 1634. Battle of Nördlingen

Meanwhile, <mask> of Hungary was able to defeat the Swedish army at Regensburg in July 1634. <mask> and his cousin the Cardinal-Infante <mask> then raced to merge their armies. The Swedish forces of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn desperately tried to prevent this merger, but were unable to catch up with <mask> of Hungary. The Cardinal-Infante crossed the Danube in August 1634. In September both armies were able to merge, and camped south of Nördlingen in Swabia.At that time Nördlingen was protected by a small Swedish garrison. Shortly thereafter, the armies of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn also reached Nördlingen, preparing the events for the decisive Battle of Nördlingen. Cardinal-Infante <mask> and his cousin <mask> then prepared for battle, ignoring the advice of the more experienced generals, such as the Imperial general Matthias Gallas. Bernhard and Horn also prepared for battle, but they were by now rivals and in disagreement with each

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title: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

texts:
 other. They also underestimated the numerically superior enemy forces, due to incorrect reports that did not realize the Spanish Army of the late Duke of Feria had joined the Cardinal-Infante and believed that the enemy forces numbered only 7,000, not 21,000 infantry, compared to 16,000 Swedish infantry. During the battle, almost anything that could go wrong went wrong for the Swedish forces, in large part due to the efforts of the Spanish Infantry, so that the two <mask>s achieved a great victory. The Swedish army that fled to Heilbronn was only a shadow of its former self.The Spanish Netherlands

The King of Hungary tried to convince his cousin to stay and to strengthen their hold on Germany, but the Cardinal-Infante <mask> moved his troops almost immediately after the battle to continue to Brussels. At the end of 1634 he entered Brussels with all the glory befitting a Governor-General. Due to the unpopularity of the clergy in Brussels, he downplayed his religious status and instead emphasized his worldly ranks. <mask> was a skilled politician and diplomat, and quickly reformed the government and the military. He especially managed to win the support of the Flemings against France. However, his powers were secretly limited, and the leader of his army was instructed to follow Spanish orders instead of <mask>'s orders if necessary. In 1635, the French attacked Namur, planning to merge with the Dutch near Maastricht but were held off by well prepared defenses.At the siege of Leuven, the invading Franco-Dutch forces, suffering badly from supply problems and greatly depleted by disease and desertion, were forced to withdraw when a Spanish relief force arrived. This allowed Spanish forces under <mask> to go on the offensive. The Dutch were

masks: Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand


title: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

texts: driven back and the French retreated. <mask> subsequently was able to capture Diest, Goch, Gennep, Limbourg, and Schenkenschanz. In 1636, <mask> disempowered the last Protestant priests in the Spanish Netherlands, and continued his military counter-offensive by capturing Hirson, Le Catelet, and La Capelle, and securing Luxembourg using the usual mixed nationalities typical of the early modern age that included Croatian troops, and reaching as far a stronghold in France as Corbie, threatening Paris. In 1637, with Spanish forces concentrated in the fight with the French, a relatively lightly defended Breda, that had been under Spanish control for twelve years, was recaptured by the Dutch after a 10-month siege by the Prince of Orange. The loss of Breda was a propaganda blow to Spanish prestige but of minor strategic importance compared to the gains made by <mask> that year in taking the Dutch towns of Venlo and Roermond in the Meuse, effectively cutting Maastricht from the Dutch Republic and, thus, preventing further Dutch attacks on the Spanish Netherlands from the east.In the southern front <mask> lost the towns of La Capelle, Landrecies, and Damvillers to the French, but then he forced them to retreat south of Maubeuge. In 1638, <mask>'s army successfully defended Antwerp, Saint-Omer and Geldern from the Dutch and French armies. <mask> achieved a great victory over the Dutch at the Battle of Kallo. In a letter to his brother the King of Spain shortly afterwards, <mask> described the battle as "the greatest victory which your Majesty's arms have achieved since the war in the Low Countries began". In 1639, <mask> managed again to thwart Franco-Dutch plans. The Dutch navy defeated an important Spanish fleet in the Battle of the Downs, off

masks: Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand


title: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

texts:
 the English coast, but it failed to prevent most of the army it was carrying, some 7,000 to 10,500 infantry, from landing at Dunkirk. While <mask> frustrated the Prince of Orange's move against Hulst, a Spanish army under Count Piccolomini destroyed the main French army in the south at the Battle of Thionville.In 1640, Dutch attacks on Hulst and Bruges were repelled by the local Spanish garrisons. In the south, after a failed attack on the Spanish fortress of Charlemont in Givet, the French army launched a great offensive upon Arras, the capital of the County of Artois. <mask> took the command of the army and attempted unsuccessfully to break the French lines. The city finally surrendered on 9 August. Its capture was the first victory of importance for the French in the war after five years of fighting. Fall from grace
More dangerous than his military enemies were, however, his enemies at the Spanish court. Numerous rumours and lies floated about, and it was claimed that <mask> was planning to become an independent ruler of the Spanish Netherlands with the help of the French King, an enemy of Spain.This rumour was enhanced by another rumour that the French court was planning to marry <mask> to Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier, the (eldest) daughter of Gaston, Duke of Orléans, the French king's brother. The former claim was untrue however his sister Anne of Austria did suggest a marriage between <mask> and Anne Marie Louise, the greatest heiress in Europe. Making matters worse, the Spanish empire was under intense pressure militarily and financially; the Cardinal-Infante was even given conflicting orders to send troops to Spain to aid against the 1640 Portuguese uprising. Death
<mask> fell ill during battles in 1641, and

masks: Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand Ferdinand


title: Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

texts:
 died on 9 November 1641 in Brussels at age 32. It was thought that death was caused by exhaustion combined with ill health. Reports talk about a stomach ulcer, but rumors also claimed that he was poisoned. Before his death he had an illegitimate daughter, Marie Anne de la Croix, born in Brussels in 1641 and died a nun in Madrid in 1715.His body was brought to Spain in 1643, and 12,000 requiem Masses were performed in accordance with his last wishes. He was buried in the Panteón de Infantes. Disputes about his successor as the Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands destroyed the alliance between the Emperor in Vienna and the Spanish in Madrid. The Emperor (by now the Cardinal-Infante's old comrade in arms, <mask>) favored his brother Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, a militarily unfortunate but otherwise a capable ruler. Madrid favored John of Austria the Younger, the twelve-year-old illegitimate son of Philip IV and the actress María Calderón. The inauguration of the unpopular bastard was delayed, and the rule of the Spanish Netherlands was taken over by Francisco de Mello, Marquis of Terceira. Ancestry

Notes

External links

 WER war WER - im Dreißigjährigen Krieg
 Enrique Garcia-Herraiz:Un nuevo retrato del Cardenal Infante don Fernando, conmemorando la victoria de Nördlingen

1610 births
1641 deaths
People from San Lorenzo de El Escorial
Spanish infantes
Portuguese infantes
17th-century House of Habsburg
Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands
Spanish generals
17th-century Spanish cardinals
Viceroys of Catalonia
Archbishops of Toledo
17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain
Burials in the Pantheon of Infantes at El Escorial
Military personnel of the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
Military personnel of the Thirty


title: Nail Yakupov

texts:
<mask>v (, ; born 6 October 1993) is a Russian professional ice hockey forward for Avangard Omsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL). He was selected first overall by the Edmonton Oilers at the 2012 NHL Entry Draft, and also played with the St. Louis Blues and Colorado Avalanche. Due to his draft position, short NHL career and low point totals, Yakupov is widely regarded as one of the biggest draft busts in NHL history. Yakupov grew up within the HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk junior program and moved to North America in 2010 to further his career. Nicknamed the "Yak Attack" for his scoring abilities, he joined the Sarnia Sting, a major junior team in the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), where he played for two years before being selected in the NHL Entry Draft. Yakupov played for the Russian national junior team, winning medals in all three tournaments he participated in. Playing career

Junior
Yakupov was selected second overall by the Sarnia Sting in the 2010 Canadian Hockey League (CHL) Import Draft.Prior to this, he played in the Russian Minor Hockey League (MHL) for his hometown team, Reaktor Nizhnekamsk, but thought that trying to join the Ontario Hockey League (OHL) would be a quicker path to his dream to play in the National Hockey League (NHL). Yakupov scored his first OHL goal against the Windsor Spitfires on 24 September 2010. After winning OHL Rookie of the Month for the month of October, Yakupov participated in the 11 November game of the Subway Super Series for Team Russia, at the John Labatt Centre in London, Ontario; Russia lost the game 4–0. On 3 February 2011, Yakupov was named the 'Kal Tire OHL Rookie of the Month' for January, which he had previously won in October 2010. He later won the title for the month of February as well. At the end of the season, Yakupov was named winner of the Emms Family Award


title: Nail Yakupov

texts:
 instead chose to wear number 64, as the two digits added up to 10. Yakupov played his first NHL game in the first Oilers game on 20 January 2013, against the Vancouver Canucks.He scored his first goal during the next game, the Oilers' home opener, against Antti Niemi of the San Jose Sharks on 22 January. On 27 April 2013, Yakupov recorded his first career hat trick in a 7–2 victory over the Vancouver Canucks, with all three goals coming in the third period. Yakupov finished his rookie season leading all rookies in goals with 17, and tied with Jonathan Huberdeau for points with 31. Yakupov also scored 11 goals in the month of April, second only to countryman Alexander Ovechkin. St. Louis Blues
On 7 October 2016, <mask>'s tenure with the Oilers ended in the lead up to the 2016–17 season, as he was traded to the St. Louis Blues in exchange for prospect Zach Pochiro and a conditional third-round pick in 2017. After attending training camp and pre-season, he made the Blues opening night roster, making his debut in a 5–2 victory over the Chicago Blackhawks on 12 October 2016. In his next game the following day, he scored his first goal with the Blues and added an assist in a 3–2 victory over the Minnesota Wild.After initially providing an offensive spark with 4 points in his first 6 games, Yakupov's contributions dried up and he was made a healthy scratch by the Blues 12th game under head coach Ken Hitchcock. Appearing in a depth role with the Blues, Yakupov was exposed to limited ice time. After Hitchcock's departure, Yakupov appeared in just 11 further games out of 27 after he was made a frequent healthy scratch by Mike Yeo. His season was ended prematurely after suffering a knee injury, which required surgery, against the Colorado Avalanche on 31 March 2017. He completed his season with 3 goals and 6 assists for 9 points


title: Nail Yakupov

texts:
 to return for the remainder of the season after failing to gain medical clearance, however he remained with the team as they claimed the Gagarin Cup. On 30 April 2021, Yakupov agreed to a two-year contract extension to remain with Avangard Omsk. International play

Yakupov was part of Team Russia in the 2011 World Junior U18 championship. He scored a hat trick in the bronze-medal game, including an empty-net goal with four seconds left, helping defeat Team Canada (with Sting teammate Brett Ritchie) 6–4.Yakupov was part of the 2012 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, joining Russia. His team defeated Canada in the semi-finals, but lost 1–0 to Sweden in the gold medal game, acquiring a silver medal. Personal life
<mask> Yakupov is an ethnic Volga Tatar and a Muslim. He is the first Tatar and only Muslim ever to be selected first overall at the NHL Entry Draft. With his draft selection, Yakupov surpassed Nazem Kadri as the highest-drafted Muslim player in NHL history. His father, Rail, worked with the HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk hockey team as a coach and executive. Yakupov first skated when he was four years old, but was more interested in soccer and the English Premier League club Chelsea than in hockey.Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

References

External links

1993 births
Living people
Amur Khabarovsk players
Avangard Omsk players
Colorado Avalanche players
Edmonton Oilers draft picks
Edmonton Oilers players
HC Neftekhimik Nizhnekamsk players
National Hockey League first overall draft picks
National Hockey League first round draft picks
People from Nizhnekamsk
Russian expatriate ice hockey people
Russian ice hockey right wingers
Russian Muslims
St. Louis Blues players
Sarnia Sting players
SKA Saint Petersburg players
Tatar people of Russia
Tatar sportspeople
Volga


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts:
<mask> (; April 8, 1942 – February 7, 2022) was an American film director, special effects supervisor, and inventor. He contributed to, or was responsible for, the special photographic effects of 2001: A Space Odyssey, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Star Trek: The Motion Picture, Blade Runner and The Tree of Life, and directed the movies Silent Running and Brainstorm. Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles. His father was an aerospace engineer who had briefly worked in Hollywood creating visual effects for the 1939 movie The Wizard of Oz. ; his mother, who died when Trumbull was 7, was an artist. As a child, he liked to construct mechanical and electrical devices such as crystal-set radios, and enjoyed watching alien invasion movies. He initially wanted to be an architect, leading him to take classes in illustration.His abilities in creating photorealistic art led to a job at Graphic Films, which produced short films for NASA and the Air Force. Career

1960s
<mask>'s early work was at Graphic Films in Los Angeles. The small animation and graphic arts studio produced a film called To the Moon and Beyond about spaceflight for the 1964 New York World's Fair. <mask>, the son of a mechanical engineer and an artist, worked at Graphic Films as an illustrator and airbrush artist. The spaceflight film caught the attention of director Stanley Kubrick, who was beginning work on the project that would become 2001: A Space Odyssey. Kubrick hired director Con Pederson from Graphic Films and the company was to work on visual effects for the film. When Kubrick decided to move all production to England, he cancelled the contract with Graphic Films.<mask> wanted to keep working on the film as he

masks:
Douglas Hunt Trumbull
Trumbull
Douglas Trumbull
Trumbull
Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: had already done considerable pre-production work, so he cold-called Kubrick after obtaining the director's home phone number from Pederson. Kubrick hired <mask> and flew him to London for the production of 2001. <mask>'s first task was to create the dozens of animations seen in the data display screens in the Aries moon shuttle and the Discovery. They looked like computer graphics, but they were created by photographing and animating reproductions of charts and graphs from technical publications. <mask> initially created the shots using a number of Rube Goldberg-like contraptions he built with gears and motors ordered from a scientific equipment supply house. Kubrick gave the young effects technician creative freedom and encouragement: "He would say ... 'What do you need to do it?' and I would have complete carte blanche, which was wild as a young guy", <mask> recalled."I was 23–24 when I started the movie, and was 25 by the time I was doing the Star Gate. He would say, 'What do you need?' and I'd say, 'Well, I need to go into town and buy some weird bearings and some stuff' and he would send me off to town in his Bentley, with a driver, into London. It was great!" <mask>'s responsibilities and talents grew as the production continued, and he became one of four special effects supervisors on the film (the others were fellow Graphic Films alumnus Con Pederson, along with Tom Howard and Wally Veevers.) <mask>'s most memorable contribution was the development of the slit-scan photography process, used in the "Stargate" sequence. "...I just happened to be in the right place at the right time ... We were struggling with the Star Gate. Nobody knew what a Star Gate was; but, I came up with

masks: Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: some ideas that I didn't even know at the time were based on some things I was learning as a young guy about street photography and weird photographic techniques ...". Working on 2001 hooked <mask> on the concept of producing immersive film experiences on huge screens — ironically, at a time when the industry was moving towards the multiplexing of theatres with smaller screens. Although <mask>'s association with Kubrick was a huge boost for his career, he swore afterwards that he would "never work for someone else again", in part because Kubrick "was a hell of a taskmaster ... his level of quality-control bordered on perfectionism." <mask> was often incorrectly credited in print as being the sole special-effects creator for 2001. Whenever this happened, he usually received a call shortly thereafter from an irritated Kubrick. Though this created a strained relationship for many years, <mask> said after Kubrick's death that Kubrick "was a genius", someone whom <mask> missed terribly.In 1969 <mask> was filming the annual Flying Saucer Convention in Giant Rock California. This evolved into a full-length project initially called Giant Rock, Rutabaga Deluxe, and then Saturation 70: An Ecological Horror Fantasy. The star of the film was a five-year-old Jason Jones, who was the son of Brian Jones, of Rolling Stones fame. The story involved Jones losing his mother in a giant garbage dump and wandering a desolate planet looking for her, while being menaced by gas-masked garbage men and helped by a fairy godmother in a sequined cowgirl creation by Nudie. Some footage includes a battle with a Green Beret and a Viet Cong in a supermarket. <mask>'s partner on the film was Anthony Foutz. A company

masks: Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts:
 called Dimension V took over backing of the film.1970–1974

Having returned to Hollywood, <mask> set up his own company and subsequently bid on the job to produce special effects for the science-fiction film The Andromeda Strain. ("I was a young guy and very naive", he later recalled, "And I seriously underbid the job – I had no idea what these things were supposed to cost. I nearly went bankrupt as a result!") <mask> and associate James Shourt produced dozens of shots, including the "electron microscope" pictures of the Andromeda organism and various on-screen readouts. Though many of these looked like computer graphics, they were created using techniques <mask> had used for 2001. Author Michael Crichton and director Robert Wise were much impressed by <mask>'s work. <mask>'s participation and success on Andromeda set him up to direct the 1971 film Silent Running, with a script based on his original treatment: America's last great forests are preserved and sent into space inside huge geodesic domes, in the hope that one day they can be returned to an earth that can once again sustain them.When orders are issued by faceless bureaucrats to abandon and destroy the domes, the ship's botanist (Bruce Dern) rebels and takes over the ship, aided by three anthropomorphic "drone" robots. He steers the ship away from the fleet and hides among the rings of Saturn, out of contact (silent running), attempting to keep the forest in good health, alone except for the drones who follow him around like pets. Silent Running was produced by Universal on a shoestring budget of one million dollars, one-tenth the budget of 2001. The film used a number of special effects techniques that <mask> had helped


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: develop. The spacecraft interiors were shot aboard a mothballed aircraft carrier, which lent its name to the movie spacecraft Valley Forge. <mask> was not originally slated to direct, but as the start of production loomed he became the obvious choice. (Other newcomers included the script writing team of Deric Washburn and Michael Cimino, who would later collaborate on The Deer Hunter, along with writer Steven Bochco of Hill Street Blues and L.A. Law fame.)When Silent Running was released, insiders were astonished that the finished film had been produced for so little money. Lead actor Bruce Dern compared <mask>'s creative vision to that of Alfred Hitchcock, with whom Dern had also worked. <mask> was seen as one of Hollywood's up and coming young directors. Although a critical success, Silent Running was a flop at the box office. <mask> recalled that "It was just a great experience for me as a film maker, but I didn't know that I was part of an experiment by Universal Studios . . . to see if it was possible to have a movie survive on word of mouth alone without an advertising campaign." It was not, but Silent Runnings environmental message struck a chord, and the movie has since become a cult classic.After Silent Running, <mask> developed a number of movie projects, but a series of misfortunes and bad luck kept them from getting beyond the initial development stage. One project nearly did get into production, and was already being cast when it was abruptly scuttled – the investor had decided to abandon the movie business and build a Las Vegas casino instead. <mask> described this period of his career as "development hell". Unable to live on development fees alone and needing money,


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts:
 <mask> returned to creating special effects, including some uncredited work using blue screen techniques on the 1974 film The Towering Inferno, a huge commercial hit. 1975–1980

In 1975, <mask> turned down an offer to provide the effects for George Lucas' Star Wars due to other commitments, but in 1977 he contributed effects to Close Encounters of the Third Kind. In late 1978, Trumbull's Future General Corporation, a research/special effects house that was funded by Gulf + Western and Paramount Pictures, was offered the job to produce the special effects for Star Trek: The Motion Picture. <mask>, already deeply involved in Close Encounters, refused, wanting instead to focus his efforts on his patented Showscan process, a high-speed, large-format movie process that provided unprecedented visual clarity.Paramount awarded the contract to effects house Robert Abel and Associates, and in a move seen by some as payback for <mask>'s refusal to take on the project, all but shuttered Future General. Robert Abel had produced many high-end, visually advanced commercials for clients such as 7-Up, but it soon became apparent that their choice of technology, which featured software-controlled camera rigs and graphics imaging systems very advanced for the day, simply couldn't scale up to the volume of material required. In August 1978, with rumors of an impending meltdown at Abel swirling, Trumbull approached Paramount offering to step in and do the effects with partner Richard Yuricich. Paramount declined, hoping that Abel could still work a miracle. Early in 1979, and with principal photography nearly finished and a December release date looming, Abel was fired after failing to produce even a few

masks: Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: seconds of usable footage. Paramount approached <mask> to take over effects production, which <mask> did after securing an agreement to be released from his contract at Paramount upon completion of the film. "At the time", he recalled, "I think they would have entertained anyone who could have pulled them out of the jam."<mask> reassembled his Future General team, rebuilt his facility which Paramount had nearly gutted, and with a mere six months to create the hundreds of effects shots needed, worked virtually around the clock for months. His team made the date, but their in-house battle cry became "... crop it, flop it, or drop it!" (That is, re-use part of an existing scene, take an existing scene and "flop" it over so that a right-to-left shot of the ship now plays the other way, or "drop" the shot from the script altogether.) The model of the Enterprise, already built by the time <mask>'s team took over, proved especially tricky. While the model of Discovery in "2001" was over 50 feet (15 m.) long and featured a wealth of detail (from parts gleaned from, among other things, hundreds of plastic model tank kits), the model of the Enterprise was only seven feet (2 m.) in length, which severely limited the photographic possibilities. Other compromises had to be overcome. <mask> had several ideas for unconventional effects – such as a modified slitscan technique to produce fantastic streaks when the Enterprise went into warp drive, but many had to be shelved due to time constraints.<mask> Strain director Robert Wise. As <mask> told Wolfram Hannemann of in70mm.com, "There were as many shots [in the movie] as "Close Encounters" and "Star Wars" combined ... There were 650 shots, which had to

masks: Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbullda Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts:
 be completed in six months ... and we all worked 24 hours a day for six months. Seven days a week, around the clock, to get that movie done ... I ended up in the hospital – it was a major recovery. I had ulcers, all kinds of exhaustion because I was working seven days a week, almost living in the studio, not getting enough sleep." 1980–1990s

In 1981 <mask> directed the special effects for the Ridley Scott film Blade Runner.By this time <mask> had sworn off doing special effects for other directors, but was lured to the project by the opportunity to work with Scott, and a chance to create something other than sterile, grey and white spacecraft. "One of the things that appealed to me about the project", <mask> recalled in an interview in Cinefex magazine, "was that it was NOT a space movie. I'm just real tired of doing spaceships against star backgrounds." Indeed, the iconic images of a polluted, dystopian Los Angeles, looking more like an oil refinery than a metropolis, and complete with building-sized electronic billboards and a bulbous blimp circling overhead advertising "Off World" job opportunities became the film's visual trademarks. (Despite the experience and professionalism of <mask>'s disciples, not everything went smoothly. According to Cinefex magazine, a young model maker was giving his girlfriend a tour of the effects shop, and he noticed that a large model of a building being photographed in the "smoke room" – a sealed room specially constructed to provide a smoky atmosphere – was burning fiercely. Thinking this was just another effect, he mentioned it in passing to a supervisor, who immediately grabbed an extinguisher and ran to put out the fire.The plastic and fiberglass


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: model had been mounted too close to a powerful light which eventually set it ablaze.) <mask> did not complete Blade Runner, (David Dryer took over as special effects supervisor) leaving the film as agreed about halfway through to concentrate on pre-production for his next directing effort, Brainstorm, a story of two brilliant scientists who develop a revolutionary device to record and vicariously experience other people's feelings and perceptions, a device the military tries to steal for its own purposes. Brainstorm was to be a showcase for <mask>'s "Showscan" process, which used special cameras and projectors to capture and project 70 mm film at 60 frames per second. At the last minute the Showscan process was not used, because theatre owners balked at the idea of installing expensive new projection equipment. The film was shot conventionally at 24 frames per second on 35 mm film, though <mask> continued his process of shooting effects work in 70 mm. "In movies people often do flashbacks and point-of-view shots as a gauzy, mysterious, distant kind of image", <mask> recalled, "And I wanted to do just the opposite, which was to make the material of the mind even more real and high-impact than 'reality'". The film was nearly scuttled by the mysterious drowning death of Natalie Wood during a break in production.MGM immediately shut down production and initially wanted to dump Brainstorm (and collect the insurance on the unfinished film). <mask> argued that the film could easily be finished – Natalie Wood's performance was already "in the can" and only a few scenes would have to be reshot. Lawyers and insurance companies battled over whether to even complete the film. The movie was finally

masks: Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: finished two years later when the insurance company supplied the money to finish production. <mask> had pushed all the while for the studio to finish and release his movie. "I can do this", <mask> recalled in an interview with GreenCine, "I've got all the coverage ... All you need to do is let me in the editing room and I'll show you. They said, 'No, you can't come back, we don't want you in the cutting room, you can't finish this movie.'"Because of his determination to finish his film, <mask> became persona non grata at MGM in the process. Eventually released on a small number of screens and with little publicity (though <mask> recalled in the Greencine interview that the film became "Quote, Natalie Wood's last film, unquote") Brainstorm was well received critically but a commercial failure at the box office. Exhausted from his battles with the Hollywood system ("The movie business is so totally screwed up that I just don't have the energy to invest three or four years in a feature film"), <mask> retreated to the Berkshire Hills of western Massachusetts, to escape "the lawyers, the insurance agents, the creeps", redirecting his career away from traditional Hollywood projects and concentrating instead on developing new technology for movie production, and for the exhibition industry and theme-park rides, such as the Back to the Future Ride at Universal Studios Theme Park. Until recently, <mask>'s Showscan technology could be seen on a theme-park type ride at the Luxor Hotel in Las Vegas. In 1994 <mask> was briefly a Vice Chairman of IMAX Corporation and President of its Ridefilm division through his involvement in the simultaneous combination and takeover of the Canadian-based private


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts:
 company Imax Corp. and Trumbull Co.

2000–2018
<mask> spent nearly two decades in the Berkshire hills of western Massachusetts, starting and running a series of companies involved in effects production and innovation. In 2010, <mask> used social media to publicize a video on Vimeo and YouTube demonstrating an invention intended to cap the BP oil spill with a strong vacuum seal. Although the video "went viral" almost immediately, <mask> never heard from BP or any of the US government agencies struggling to contain the spill, which left him bemused and mildly annoyed."I didn't do it with the hope of compensation", he later said, "I did it because I thought it was the moral thing to do." After nearly thirty years away from Hollywood, <mask> contributed to special effects work on Terrence Malick's 2011 film The Tree of Life. Malick, reportedly a <mask> fan, approached him about the effects work and mentioned that he did not like the look of computer-generated effects. Reportedly <mask> asked, "Why not do it the way we did it on 2001?" Recent compositing programs such as Nuke allow practical scenes shot on film to be combined with fewer of the head-aches of "traditional" effects work, such as shooting multiple camera passes on a single piece of film, matte passes, and the like. <mask> eventually signed on as special effects consultant, working with the film's effects supervisor, Dan Glass. Many of the "organic" effects processes used in 2001 and Close Encounters were resurrected, such as photographing chemical interactions in petri dishes and releasing paints into water tanks."It was a working environment that's almost impossible to come by these days", <mask> told The Guardian newspaper in

masks: Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: July 2011. "Terry wanted to create the opportunity for the unexpected to occur before the camera, then make something of that. He didn't want to use a very stringent design process, he wanted the unexpected phenomenon to occur – and use that." In March 2011, director James Cameron announced plans to film his next Avatar-type 3D feature in a digital version of Showscan. Cameron has been pushing for movie theatres to adopt higher frame-rates to maintain the 3D effect during scenes involving high-speed motion (such as explosions). At twenty-four frames per second the 3D effect breaks down, while at forty-eight or sixty frames per second it is maintained. Sixty frames per second is difficult to achieve with conventional film because of the stress on the medium itself; recording sixty frames per second using a digital camera is commonplace.In 2012 <mask> said he was working on a new science-fiction project that he claimed is "way beyond anything that Peter Jackson and James Cameron have been doing", which will probably be shot with a camera capable of recording 120 frames per second, twice the speed of its ancestor, Showscan. <mask> was a guest speaker at the Massachusetts Production Coalition in February 2013. Since 2013 <mask> maintained a workshop and studio on his property in the Berkshire hills of Massachusetts where he continued to develop new tools for film-makers. He often traveled to film screenings and seminars and was enjoying a resurgence of his celebrity among film and visual effects enthusiasts. <mask> seemed grateful for the recognition and reverence accorded by his followers. "They really keep me going", he told The Australian newspaper in February 2011. "They reinforce some


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts: enthusiasm about my work.It's very hard to keep me going, because the setbacks [were] really tragic and difficult." When asked by a reporter how he had managed to persevere in the face of setbacks, <mask> laughed and replied that he didn't know, and "Maybe I'm just out of my mind!" In 2014 <mask> announced that he had developed a new digital capture and projection system called Magi. It shoots and projects native 3D in 4K at 120 fps, using an innovative technique he called "cadence", which had never been used in previous 3D systems: "We were shooting 60 [frames] per eye, projector was going 120—left eye, right eye, left eye, right eye. You’re shooting the same way you’re going to project it. And that's when this magic happens. It's only one flash per frame, and the sequence is actually temporally correct.There are in fact 120 different positions. Anything that moves in front of the camera is going to have 120 different positions." That year he also produced a short dramatic film, UFOTOG, to highlight the capabilities of the Magi system. The story deals with a man who has developed a sophisticated 3D photographic system to track UFOs and prove their existence, despite interference from a shadowy government agency. The film has been shown at film festivals and industry conferences and to filmmakers and studio executives. In 2016, he told Science & Film, "I am planning on making a feature-length movie that will be almost entirely miniatures, but it will be photorealistic, full-scale, epic in quality, and have the kind of things that I like about Blade Runner and 2001." In 2018, <mask> provided the visual effects for and executive produced the movie The Man Who Killed Hitler and Then the

masks: Trumbull Trumbull Trumbull


title: Douglas Trumbull

texts:
 Bigfoot.The same year, he participated in the documentary Trumbull Land (Grégory Wallet, 2018) devoted to him and his universe. Honors
<mask> was twice honored by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). Most recently, he received the Progress Medal in recognition of his numerous contributions to photographic processes and technologies in visual effects (VFX) and HFR cinematography. <mask> conducted pioneering biometric research on audience response to HFR imaging and developed a novel cinematic process using 65mm film at 60 frames per second that resulted in a "Giant Screen" 70mm image with extraordinarily high definition along with smoother and more realistic motion rendering. His work continues to advance stereoscopic 3D and digital HFR imaging including his 120FPS Magi single-camera/single projector "lens-to-lens" system that harnesses existing cameras, post-production tools, and projectors to deliver images and sound that are almost indistinguishable from reality. The Progress Medal is the most prestigious SMPTE award, and it recognizes outstanding technical contributions to the progress of engineering phases of the motion picture, television, or motion-imaging industries. The honor was conferred upon <mask> at the SMPTE Centennial Gala on October 28, 2016, at the Ray Dolby Ballroom in Hollywood.In 2011, he received the SMPTE Presidential Proclamation, which recognizes individuals of established and outstanding status and reputation in the motion-picture, television, and motion-imaging industries worldwide. <mask> was honored for his more than 45 years of pioneering work in visual effects photography and groundbreaking innovation in motion picture