title: Marjorie Korringa

texts:
 in the Miocene Epoch. In Mono County, California, they evaluated strontium and lead isotopic data, finding that the obsidian from Glass Mountain was the result of fractional crystallization. Noble and Korringa continued their research by studying calcium variations in whole-rock and glass samples from Quaternary lavas in Crater Lake, Oregon. Korringa joined Woodward-Clyde Consultants, a civil, geotechnical and environmental engineering and construction firm, where she researched active faulting. In the Alyeska fault study for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, she was the central, leading participant.She co-authored numerous reports for the company, her most noteworthy being the Alyeska fault study's "Basis for Pipeline Design for Active-Fault Crossings for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline." In the two years that <mask> worked with Woodward-Clyde Consultants, she became chairman of the Geology-Seismology-Geophysics Planning Committee. She was headed for significant managerial responsibility, as she "influenced almost every phase of their geologic practice." She was also part of the Auditing Committee of the Seismological Society of America. By the time of her death in 1974, she had a principal role in designing the extent of evaluation, along with the photo geological interpretation of imagery, for three projects at Woodward-Clyde: the study of a nuclear-reactor project in California, a nuclear-reactor siting in Italy, and the Managua earthquake and its faults for the Nicaraguan government. Personal life
Korringa was fond of the outdoors and often enjoyed backpacking, hiking, and camping. She was a member of the environmental organization the Sierra Club and attempted to preserve numerous natural areas.She was especially active in the Sierra Club's efforts to establish a Redwood National Park. At a hearing in 1986 in Crescent City, California, she advocated for the establishment of the park. She encouraged the committee to increase the maximum acreage for the park, and spoke of the ecological, economic, and recreational benefits of its


title: Marjorie Korringa

type: original

texts:
 formation for future generations. She stressed that if the committee did not act soon to protect the land, a significant amount of it would quickly be logged and destroyed. After the lobbying of Congress, the bill creating Redwood National Park, now called Redwood National and State Parks, was signed on October 2, 1968 by President Lyndon Johnson. Korringa was married twice, and was single at the time of her death. Death
On September 8, 1974, <mask> was aboard TWA Flight 841 that crashed between Athens and Rome, into the Ionian Sea.The detonation of a hidden bomb on board brought the plane down about half an hour after leaving Athens, as determined by the National Transportation Safety Board. She had presented a paper on active faults at the International Symposium on Recent Crustal Movements in Zurich a few days prior. She had paid a brief visit to her parents, who lived on Crete, before taking the TWA flight for Rome, where she was to take part in a nuclear-reactor siting study for the Italian government. Her body was never recovered. Legacy
A year after <mask>'s death, The Marjorie K. Korringa Scholarship Fund was established at Stanford University. The scholarship's purpose was to promote further geologic learning and interest in her most prominent fields of research, namely volcanic petrology and active fault systems. The funding allowed the next generation of women going into both undergraduate and graduate geology programs to extend and build upon <mask>'s initial studies.Along with <mask>'s applied geologic efforts that enhanced Woodward-Clyde's productivity and economic results, her extensive philosophical and theoretical evaluations, in the form of laboratory and field studies, contributed to the growth of academic geology. Selected publications
Publications as selected in <mask>'s memorial. See also

 Women in geology

References

Women geologists
Redwood National and State Parks
Petrologists
Volcanologists
1943 births
1974 deaths
People from Richmond, Indiana
Radcliffe College alumni
Stanford University alumni
American

masks: Korringa Korringa Korringa Korringa Korringa


title: Don Jackson (ice hockey)

texts:
<mask> (born September 2, 1956) is an American ice hockey coach and former professional ice hockey player who played 315 games in the National Hockey League between 1978 and 1987 and began his coaching career in 1988. Since May 2014, he has been serving as head coach of EHC Red Bull München in Germany. Playing career
<mask> grew up playing ice hockey in Bloomington, Minnesota, for John F. Kennedy High School and earned a scholarship to attend and play for the Fighting Irish of Notre Dame. Prior to graduating from the University of Notre Dame in 1978, <mask> was drafted by the Minnesota North Stars in the NHL's 1976 Amateur Draft, third round, 39th overall. He played 2 games for the North Stars late in the 1978 season after finishing his college career and spent most of the next 3 seasons playing for the North Stars minor league team, the Oklahoma City Stars. Prior to the 1981–82 NHL season, <mask> was traded to the Edmonton Oilers and played most of that season with Edmonton's minor league team, the Wichita Wind. <mask> earned his NHL break at the beginning of the 1982–83 season and played 262 games for the Oilers, earning Stanley Cup Champion rings in 1984 and 1985.After the 1985–86 season, <mask> was traded to the New York Rangers for his final NHL season before retiring. <mask> was also a member of the United States Ice Hockey World Cup team at the 1978 and 1979 Ice Hockey World Championship tournaments. Coaching career
<mask> returned to ice hockey in 1989 as the head coach for the Knoxville Cherokees of the East Coast Hockey League (ECHL). His success with the Cherokees during the 1990–91 earned him recognition as Coach of the Year. In 1991, <mask> was hired by Pierre Page as an assistant coach

masks:
Donald Clinton Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson
Jackson


title: Don Jackson (ice hockey)

texts: for the Quebec Nordiques, where he served for 3 seasons. He moved on to serve as head coach for the Cincinnati Cyclones of the IHL for the 1994–95 season, the Wichita Thunder of the Central Hockey League for the 1995–96 season and the Kansas City Blades of the IHL for the 1996–97 season. In 1997, <mask> was hired by Kevin Constantine as assistant coach for the Pittsburgh Penguins, serving 3 seasons.<mask> was employed as assistant coach by the Chicago Blackhawks for 3 months of the 2000–01 season, and was named assistant coach of the Ottawa Senators the following year. <mask> stayed with the Senators until his contract ended without being renewed in 2004. The 2004–05 NHL Lockout pushed <mask> to find a coaching role in Europe. Late into the 2004–05 season of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (German Hockey League), <mask> was asked by General Manager Peter Lee and Head Coach Pierre Page to join the Eisbären Berlin coaching staff as an assistant. Berlin won their first championship that season. Berlin's success helped <mask> earn his first head coaching position in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) with Lance Nethery and DEG Metro Stars of Düsseldorf, who ended the 2004–05 season in 10th place. In <mask>'s first season, 2005–06, in Düsseldorf, he coached the team to a third-place regular season finish and into the playoff finals, where they lost against the Eisbären Berlin in 2006 DEL playoff finals.<mask> carried that success into a second season in Düsseldorf, finishing second in regular season play and losing in the playoff semi-finals. After the 2006–07 season <mask> moved on to fill the head coach position for the Eisbären Berlin of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga, who had finished in 9th place. <mask>

masks: Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson


title: Don Jackson (ice hockey)

texts: repeated the success he demonstrated in Düsseldorf by coaching Eisbären Berlin to a second-place regular season finish and a playoff finals DEL championship in his first season there. For that achievement, <mask> was awarded the Order of Merit of Berlin. In his six seasons as head coach with Eisbären Berlin (2007–13), <mask> coached the team to 3 first-place regular season finishes, 5 DEL championships, and a 2010 victory for the European Trophy (currently, Champions Hockey League). In 2013, <mask> joined Red Bull Hockey to coach their team EC Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Hockey League for the 2013–14 season, which had finished their previous season in 8th place. <mask> again repeated his success by coaching the team to a first-place regular season finish, losing a game 7 overtime in the League Playoff finals.After the season, Red Bull Hockey moved <mask> to their team, EHC Red Bull München, for the 2014–15 season where the team finished second overall but exited the playoffs early. The second-place finish earned Red Bull München a position in the 2015–16 Champions Hockey League, where they won in the group stage to advance to the playoff, then lost in the round of 32. <mask>'s leadership of EHC Red Bull München for the 2015–16 season again improved on the team's success by finishing in first place in regular season play, and culminating in a 4-game sweep of the Wolfsburg Grizzlys for the 2016 DEL Playoff Championship. This is the 6th DEL Playoff Championship for <mask> in his 10 years as a head coach in the Deutsche Eishockey Liga. In both the 2016–17 and 2017-18 campaigns, <mask> led Munich to a successful defense of its title, capturing his seventh and eighth German championships as a head

masks: Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson Jackson


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts:
<mask> (born <mask> August 14, 1860 – October 23, 1946) was an author, wildlife artist, founder of the Woodcraft Indians in 1902 (renamed Woodcraft League of America), and one of the founding pioneers of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) in 1910. <mask> also influenced Lord Baden-Powell, the founder of one of the first Scouting organizations. His writings were published in the United Kingdom, Canada, the US, and the USSR; his notable books related to Scouting include The Birch Bark Roll and the Boy Scout Handbook. He is responsible for incorporation of what he believed to be American Indian elements into the traditions of the BSA. Early life
<mask> was born in South Shields, County Durham, England of Scottish parents. His family emigrated to Canada in 1866. Most of his childhood was spent in Toronto, and the family is known to have lived at 6 Aberdeen Avenue in Cabbagetown.As a youth, he retreated to the woods of the Don River to draw and study animals as a way of avoiding his abusive father. He attended the Ontario College of Art in 1879, studying with John Colin Forbes, then won a scholarship in art to the Royal Academy in London, England in 1880. In the 1890s, he studied at the Académie Julian in Paris

On his twenty-first birthday, <mask>'s father presented him with an invoice for all of the expenses connected with his childhood and youth, including the fee charged by the doctor who delivered him. According to one writer, he paid the bill, but never spoke to his father again. In his autobiography, Trail of An Artist-naturalist: The Autobiography of <mask> <mask>, he discusses the incident in detail, but, since he hadn't "a cent of money," he could not pay his father. He went immediately to work and used the money he made to leave the household forever. In 1882, he joined his brother on a homestead outside Carberry,

masks:
Ernest Thompson Seton
Ernest Evan Thompson
Seton
Seton
Seton
Ernest Thompson
Seton


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts: Manitoba, where he began to write.In 1891, he published The Birds of Manitoba and was appointed Provincial Naturalist by the government of Manitoba. He continued to publish books about Manitoba for decades to come, including The Life Histories of Northern Animals: An Account of the Mammals of Manitoba and lived in Manitoba until 1930, when he moved to Santa Fe, New Mexico. He changed his name to <mask> <mask> (after initially changing it to <mask>-<mask>), believing that <mask> had been an important family name. He became successful as a writer, artist, and naturalist, and moved to New York City to further his career. <mask> later lived at Wyndygoul, an estate that he built in Cos Cob, a section of Greenwich, Connecticut. After experiencing vandalism by the local youth, <mask> invited them to his estate for a weekend where he told them what he claimed were stories of the American Indians and of nature. He formed the Woodcraft Indians in 1902 and invited the local youth to join.Despite the name, the group was made up of non-native boys and girls. The stories became a series of articles written for the Ladies Home Journal, and were eventually collected in The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians in 1906. Shortly after, the Woodcraft Indians evolved into the Woodcraft Rangers, which was established as a non-profit organization for youth programming in 1922. Since 1922, Woodcraft Rangers has served Los Angeles youth with Seton's model of character building, which encompasses service, truth, fortitude, and beauty. Since then, Woodcraft Rangers youth have been received in a safe environment to encourage the discovery of their own talents. Today the Woodcraft Rangers organization serves over 15,000 youth in the Los Angeles county by helping them find pathways to purposeful lives. They offer expanded learning

masks:
Ernest Thompson
Seton
Ernest Seton
Thompson
Seton
Seton
Seton


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts:
 opportunities to youth from kindergarten to twelfth grade.Youth participants are encouraged to discover their natural talents and are embraced daily with the belief that all children are innately good. Scouting

Seton met Scouting's founder, Lord Baden-Powell, in 1906. Baden-Powell had read <mask>'s book The Birch Bark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians and was greatly intrigued by it. The pair met and shared ideas. Baden-Powell went on to found the Scouting movement worldwide and <mask> became the president of the committee that founded the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) and was its first (and only) Chief Scout. Seton's Woodcraft Indians (a youth organization) combined with the early attempts at Scouting from the YMCA and other organizations and with Daniel Carter Beard's Sons of Daniel Boone, to form the BSA. The work of Seton and Beard is in large part the basis of the Traditional Scouting movement.<mask> served as Chief Scout of the BSA from 1910 to 1915 and his work is in large part responsible for the appropriation and incorporation of what he believed to be American Indian elements into the traditions of the BSA. However, he had significant personality and philosophical clashes with Beard and James E. West. In addition to disputes about the content of <mask>'s contributions to the Boy Scout Handbook, conflicts also arose about the suffragist activities of his wife, Grace Gallatin <mask> <mask>, and his British citizenship. The citizenship issue arose partly because of his high position within the BSA and the federal charter West was attempting to obtain for the BSA requiring its board members to be United States citizens. <mask> drafted his written resignation on January 29, 1915, but did not send it to the BSA until May. The position of Chief Scout was eliminated and the position "Chief Scout Executive" was taken on

masks: Seton Seton Seton Seton Seton Thompson Seton


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts:
 by James West. In 1931, <mask> became a United States citizen.Personal life
Seton married twice. His first marriage was to Grace Gallatin in 1896. Their only daughter, Ann (1904–1990), later known as <mask>, became a best-selling author of historical and biographical novels. According to Ann's introduction to the novel Green Darkness, Grace was a practicing Theosophist. <mask> and Grace divorced in 1935, and <mask> soon married Julia Moss Buttree. Julia wrote works by herself and with <mask>. They did not have any biological children, but in the 1930s they sought to adopt Moss Buttree's niece, Leila Moss, who lived with them for years in New Mexico.In 1938, they adopted an infant daughter, Beulah (Dee<mask> (later <mask> Barber). <mask> Barber, a talented embroiderer of articles for synagogues such as Torah mantles, died in 2006. Seton called his father, Joseph Logan <mask>, "the most selfish man I ever knew, or heard of, in history or in fiction." He cut off ties completely after being made to pay off an itemized list of all expenses he had cost his father, up to and including the doctor's fee for his delivery, a total of $537.50. Seton's parents lived out their lives in Toronto, as did all but two brothers, who moved to British Columbia. Writing and later life

<mask> was an early pioneer of the modern school of animal fiction writing, his most popular work being Wild Animals I Have Known (1898), which contains the story of his killing of the wolf Lobo. He later became involved in a literary debate known as the nature fakers controversy, after John Burroughs published an article in 1903 in the Atlantic Monthly attacking writers of sentimental animal stories.The controversy lasted for four years and included important American environmental and political figures of the day, including President Theodore Roosevelt. In

masks:
Seton
Anya Seton
Ernest
Ernest
Ernest
) Seton
Dee Seton
Dee Seton
Thompson
Seton


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts: 1907, <mask> and the naturalist Edward Alexander Preble verified a claim from 10 years earlier by the frontiersman Charles "Buffalo" Jones that Jones and his hunting party had shot and fended off a hungry wolf pack near the Great Slave Lake in Canada. <mask> and Preble discovered the remains of the animals near Jones's long abandoned cabin. For his work, Lives of Game Animals Volume 4, <mask> was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 1928 . In 1931, he became a United States citizen. <mask> was associated with the Santa Fe arts and literary community during the mid-1930s and early 1940s, which was a group of artists and authors, including author and artist Alfred Morang, sculptor and potter Clem Hull, painter Georgia O'Keeffe, painter Randall Davey, painter Raymond Jonson, leader of the Transcendental Painters Group and artist Eliseo Rodriguez. He was made a member of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts.In 1933, Seton purchased 100 acres (0.4 km2) in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, United States. Seton ran training camps for youth leaders and had a small publisher named Seton Village Press that closed in 1943 due to World War II. The tract eventually grew to 2,500 acres (10 km2). Seton Village was established as an unincorporated community. <mask> designed and built his castle as a 32-room, 6,900 square foot (640 m2) multi-level building with a flat-roof and rough hewn stone wall exterior. The interior had oak floors and plaster walls with the ceilings supported by log rafters. The castle was built on a hill at an elevation of 7,000 feet (2100 m).It is designated a National Historic Landmark and a New Mexico State Cultural Property. The castle burned down while being restored in 2005. The Academy for the Love of Learning, which owns the property, has decided to preserve the castle

masks: Seton Seton Seton Seton Seton


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts:
 ruins as a "contemplative garden." He died in Seton Village, New Mexico, at the age of 86. <mask> was cremated in Albuquerque, New Mexico. In 1960, in honor of his 100th birthday and the 350th anniversary of Santa Fe, his daughter, Dee and his grandson, <mask> Cottier (son of Anya), scattered the ashes over Seton Village from an airplane. Legacy

The Philmont Scout Ranch houses the Seton Memorial Library and Museum.Seton Castle in Santa Fe, built by <mask> as his last residence, housed many of his other items. Seton Castle burned down in 2005 during an attempt at restoration, but all the artwork, manuscripts, books, etc., had been removed to storage before renovation was to have begun. The Academy for the Love of Learning, an educational organization in Santa Fe, acquired Seton Castle and its contents in 2003. The new Academy Center that opened in 2011 includes a gallery and archives featuring artwork and other materials as part of its Seton Legacy Project. The Seton Legacy Project organized a major exhibition on Seton opening at the New Mexico History Museum on May 23, 2010, the catalog published as Ernest Thompson Seton: The Life and Legacy of an Artist and Conservationist by David L. Witt. Roger Tory Peterson drew inspiration for his field guide from the simple diagram of ducks that Seton included in Two Little Savages. Seton is honored by the Ernest Thompson Seton Scout Reservation in Greenwich, Connecticut, and with the E.T.Seton Park in Toronto, Ontario. Obtained in the early 1960s as the site of the future Metro Toronto Zoo, the land was later used to establish parkland and home to the Ontario Science Centre. A plaque is found on the front wall of 6 Aberdeen Avenue in Toronto, where Seton had lived as a child. In pop culture

In television
Monarch: The Big Bear of Tallac (, Seton Doubutsuki: Kuma no Ko Jacky)

masks: Seton Seton Seton


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts:
 was a 26-episode anime television series based on <mask>'s novel of the same name, and was first broadcast in 1977. In 1979, a 26-episode anime series based on <mask>'s 1922 book Bannertail: The Story of a Gray Squirrel was produced in Japan by Nippon Animation, called Bannertail: The Story of Gray Squirrel (, Shīton Dōbutsuki Risu no Banā). In 1989–1990, Eiken released Seton Dōbutsuki (, 'Seton Animal Chronicles'), a 45-episode anime TV series adapted from the manga Seton's Wild Animals (), depicting the different literary works of Seton, including his 1898 Wild Animals I Have Known. "Lobo, the King of Currumpaw" (episodes 17 and 18) was a notable episode of the show which many viewers later came to know when the storyline was plotted into a popular 2009 TV documentary entitled The Wolf That Changed America.The cartoon was dubbed in German, Catalan, and Arabic, and saw an emerging popularity among Arabs in the early 1990s as Mokhles Sadik ul Hayawaan (, 'Mokhles, Animals' Friend'). "Chink, the Development of a Pup" was adapted into a cartoon in Russian in 1992. In October 2015, the Comedy Central show Drunk History gave a short, drunk history lesson by Mike Still (season 3, episode 10, second act) in which Seton is portrayed by Colin Hanks. It mostly concentrates on the story of Lobo, but also mentions the roots of the Boy Scouts and helping out troubled teens. In literature and manga
The five-volume manga Seton's Wild Animals () by Sanpei Shirato, published between 1961 and 1965, portrayed the various literary works of Seton. Kenji Uchiyama translated Seton's work for the manga from English into Japanese. In 1988, Yury Iosifovich Koval published a short novel called Шамайка (Shamayka), a retelling of The Slum Cat.In a 1993 issue of the Japanese manga Diamond is Unbreakable, the character Jotaro Kujo references

masks: Seton Seton


title: Ernest Thompson Seton

texts:
 <mask>'s quote "there is no animal that cannot be tracked". Several of <mask>'s works are written from the perspective of a predator and were an influence upon Robert T. Bakker's Raptor Red (1995). From 2004–2006, manga artist Jiro Taniguchi and scenarist Yoshiharu Imaizumi published Shīton (), a four-volume manga romanticizing the life of Seton. These mangas were not translated into English, but appeared in French, Italian and Spanish. The French titles are:
 Lobo, le Roi des Loups ('Lobo, King of Wolves')
 Le jeune garçon et le lynx ('The Young boy and the Lynx')
 Sandhill Stag ('Sandhill Stag')
 Monarch, l'ours du mont Tallac (Monarch, Mount Tallac Bear)

Seton's appearance inspired the design of the character Shiton Anehata, a scholar and zoophile who is one of the Abashiri convicts in the manga Golden Kamui. <mask> is also mentioned in Philip Roth's 2010 novel, Nemesis, where he is credited for having introduced Indian lore to the American camping movement. Works

 Mammals of Manitoba (1886)
 Birds of Manitoba, Foster (1891)
 How to Catch Wolves (1894)
 Studies in the Art Anatomy of Animals (1896)
 Wild Animals I Have Known (1898)
"Lobo the King of Currumpaw"
 The Trail of the Sandhill Stag (1899)
 The Wild Animal Play for Children (musical) (1900)
 The Biography of a Grizzly (1900)
 Tito: The Story of the Coyote That Learned How (1900)
 Bird Portraits (1901)
 Lives of the Hunted (1901)
 Twelve Pictures of Wild Animals (1901)
 Krag and Johnny Bear (1902)
 How to Play Indian (1903)
 Two Little Savages (1903)
 How to Make a Real Indian Teepee (1903)
 How Boys Can Form a Band of Indians (1903)
 The Red Book (1904)
 Monarch, the Big Bear of Tallac (1904)
 Woodmyth & Fable (1905)
 Animal Heroes (1905)
 The Birchbark Roll of the Woodcraft Indians (1906)
 The Natural History of the Ten Commandments (1907)
 Fauna of


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts:
<mask> (born 15 October 1956) is an Indian public interest lawyer in the Supreme Court of India. He was a member of the faction of the India Against Corruption (IAC) movement known as Team Anna which supported Anna Hazare's campaign for the implementation of the Jan Lokpal Bill. After a split in IAC, he helped Team Anna form the Aam Aadmi Party. In 2015, he made several allegations against the party's leadership, its functioning and its deviation from the core ideology, values and commitments. He is one of the founders of Swaraj Abhiyan and Sambhaavnaa, an Institute of Public Policy and Politics. Early life

<mask> is the oldest of the four children of <mask> and <mask>. His father is a lawyer-activist and a former Union Law Minister in the Morarji Desai government.<mask>, who dropped out of IIT Madras after first semester and briefly attended Princeton University has a degree in law from Allahabad University. While still a student, Bhushan wrote The Case that Shook India, a book on the case that set aside Indira Gandhi's election in 1974. Legal activism

<mask> was drawn to public activism, influenced by his father. His main areas of interest have been human rights, environmental protection and accountability of the public servants. He is associated with various organisations including the Centre for Public Interest Litigation (CPIL), People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL), and Transparency International (India). He is also the convenor of the Working Committee of the Campaign for Judicial Accountability and Judicial Reforms. Bhushan states that he has taken up about 500 cases dealing with "good causes".His family background allowed him to work on a pro-bono basis for such cases: according to him, he effectively spends only 25 per cent of his time on paid cases, charging 5 per cent of what other lawyers charge. He has criticised the other professional lawyers as "amoral", and claims that he never takes up a case unless he feels that his client is "morally right". Judicial accountability

<mask> says that he envisages a transparent and honest legal system, where people can negotiate their own cases

masks:
Prashant Bhushan
Prashant Bhushan
Shanti Bhushan
Kumud Bhushan
Bhushan
Bhushan
Bhushan


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts:
 without the need of any lawyers. In 1990, he and his father formed the Committee on Judicial Accountability (CJA) to fight corruption in the judiciary. The organisation comprised some lawyers and ex-judges. <mask> <mask> started focusing more on this issue in 1993, after the Supreme Court Justice V. Ramaswami was not impeached by parliament on corruption charges. In 2007, the Bhushans expanded CJA to include citizens and form the Campaign for Judicial Accountability and Reform (CJAR).In 2009, <mask> <mask> represented activist Subhash Chandra Agrawal, asking for the Supreme Court and High Court judges to be brought under RTI. The judges were forced to declare their assets and post it on the court websites. In a 2009 interview, Bhushan alleged that at least half of the 16 former Chief Justices in the Supreme Court were corrupt. Harish Salve filed a contempt case against him in 2010, and the Supreme Court asked Bhushan to apologise. In response, Bhushan submitted an explanation stating why he felt those judges were corrupt. The Bhushans noted the difficulty of getting documentary evidence because judges are immune from investigation. Krishna Iyer, a former Supreme Court judge, said that either the Bhushans should be punished for making "false charges" or an independent authority should be set up to scrutinise their allegations.<mask> has recommended amendment to the Contempt of Court Act clause, stating that some of its clauses effectively prevent the press from exposing the corruption in the judiciary. He has also opposed the rule which prevents people from registering a First Information Report against a judge without the permission of the Chief Justice of India. Government accountability

In 1990, Bhushan wrote a book Bofors, the selling of a nation (1990) on the Bofors scandal. CPIL won a major victory in 2003 when the Supreme Court restrained the Union government from privatising Hindustan Petroleum and Bharat Petroleum without the approval of Parliament. As counsel for the CPIL, Rajinder Sachar and Bhushan argued that the only way to disinvest in the companies would be to repeal or amend the Acts by

masks: Prashant Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Bhushan


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts: which they were nationalised in the 1970s. <mask> represented the CPIL in a petition asking for the removal of Neera Yadav from office as Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh for alleged corruption. Yadav had been named in five CBI corruption cases and 23 departmental proceedings.In October 2005 the Supreme Court directed the Mulayam Singh state government to remove her from her position. The case became the first in which an Indian Administrative Service officer in Uttar Pradesh was convicted of corruption. In February 2006, as counsel for Lok Sevak Sangh, Bhushan submitted to the Supreme Court that the MP Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS) might not be constitutionally valid. A TV channel had recently aired video of a sting in which it appeared that some MPs had taken bribes under the scheme. Bhushan said none of the normal controls were being applied, and the scheme was breeding corruption. The same year, Bhushan also represented the CPIL in a petition alleging that PepsiCo and Coca-Cola were failing to warn the public of harmful ingredients in their beverages, and were luring young children through misleading advertising. Bhushan filed a PIL challenging the appointment of P.J.Thomas as Central Vigilance Commissioner, after Thomas had been charged in the Palmolein Oil Import Scam. In March 2011, SC struck down the appointment. <mask> <mask> acted for the CPIL when it took the lead in filing a suit against the Government of India for irregularities in a major award of spectrum for 2G mobile telephones. The CPIL petition alleged that the government had lost $15.53 billion by issuing spectrum in 2008 based on 2001 prices, and by not following a competitive bidding process. The Supreme Court asked the CBI to probe the irregularities in the auction of 2G spectrum. The inquiry resulted in the resignation of the telecom minister A. Raja, who was later arrested along with others including the DMK MP Kanimozhi, officials of Unitech wireless and officials of Reliance ADAG. In September 2011 <mask> presented evidence that appeared to disprove the claim by the CBI that Dayanidhi Maran, the former telecom minister,

masks: Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Bhushan


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts:
 had not applied undue pressure to the owner of Aircel to sell to the Maxis group of Malaysia.Bhushan said the CBI's investigation had been "less than honest". In January 2012 Bhushan questioned why the CBI had failed to lay charges under the Prevention of Corruption Act against companies such as Essar Group and Loop Mobile despite strong evidence against them. In February 2012 the Supreme Court declared the allocation of spectrum had been illegal. In 2012, Bhushan filed a PIL seeking  cancelation of coal block allocations by the government on the grounds that certain companies had been illegally favoured by the politicians. In response to the PIL, the Supreme Court (SC) scrutinised coal block allocation since 1993. Bhushan also filed a PIL against illegal iron ore extraction in Goa, which led to the Supreme Court halting all the mining operations in the state. He successfully challenged the Prime Minister and Home Minister's decision to appoint PJ Thomas as the head of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC).Acting on his PIL, SC directed the CVC to apprise it of actions taken on complaints by whistleblowers in the country. <mask> <mask> also represents whisteblower Anand Rai in the ongoing PIL regarding Vyapam scam in the Supreme Court. Before K V Chowdary's appointment <mask> <mask> raised a red flag, asking the Prime Minister not to go ahead with his appointment, raising severe objections on Chowdary's tenure as CBDT Chief. After Chowdary being appointed, NGO Common Cause represented by <mask> <mask> has filed a petition in Supreme Court of India challenging K V Chowdary's appointment as CVC and T M Bhasin's appointment as VC on 22 July. Naxalism

<mask> <mask> has criticised the use of violence against the Naxal insurgents in the tribal-dominated areas. He has alleged that the actual intention of the Operation Green Hunt was to clear the tribal lands for mining operations and industrialisation. According to him, the rapid industrialization has led to "destructive development" in the tribal areas through pollution and displacement of people.After the April 2010 Maoist attack in Dantewada, which led to

masks: Prashant Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Prashant Bhushan


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts:
 the death of 76 policemen, he stated that such "retaliation" was expected because the government had declared the anti-Naxal operations as a war. He stated that to de-escalate the situation, the government should suspend the armed operations against the Naxals, and instead focus on providing food and infrastructure to the tribals. In April 2012 Bhushan drew criticism from Congress leaders when he refused to act as a mediator in negotiating with Maoists who were holding a District Collector hostage. He appealed to the Maoists to release the Govt. officer without conditions. He also said that the government should investigate and address legitimate demands. Death penalty
Bhushan is against death penalty, and spoke against the hanging of Ajmal Kasab, who was the lone captured terrorist in the 2008 Mumbai attacks.Along with Nitya Ramakrishnan, he was the counsel for the banned documentary December 13, which is a reconstruction of the events that led to the attacks on Parliament, based on the chargesheet filed by the special police cell. Other issues

In 1990, he successfully got the criminal liability aspect in the Bhopal gas tragedy reopened by SC, by challenging the settlement in the case of compensation to the victims. This reopened the case against the former Chairman of Union Carbide Corporation Warren Anderson (now deceased). Bhushan assisted the Narmada Bachao Andolan activists opposed to the Sardar Sarovar Dam. After six years of hearings, in October 2000 the Supreme court ruled to allow the massive project to recommence. Bhushan criticised the decision for having been made "without any evidence of the facts [being presented] before the judges". In February 2001 a criminal petition was filed with the Supreme Court of India accusing Medha Patkar, <mask> <mask> and Arundhati Roy of contempt of court for having demonstrated in front of the Supreme court in protest against the judgement on the Sardar Sarovar dam.<mask> defended Arundhati Roy when she was charged with contempt of court for publicly criticising judges in the dam hearings. In March 2002 she was sentenced to one day in jail. According to

masks: Prashant Bhushan Bhushan


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts: Bhushan the judges were "just affronted by the fact that somebody has dared to criticise them". Bhushan is opposed to the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement. He is opposed to nuclear energy, and supported the People's Movement Against Nuclear Energy against establishment of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant. In August 2015, Bhushan filed a PIL in the Supreme Court against the alleged corruption and nepotism in the selection of lower court judges in the Delhi Judicial Services Examination conducted in October 2014. As a result of the PIL, the Supreme Court ordered that the  papers be checked by P. V. Reddi, a former SC judge and former Law Commission Chairman Justice.He subsequently recommended that 12 more judges should be inducted into the services. The Supreme Court has to issue guidelines for long-term systemic reform such as increasing transparency in the recruitment procedures. The Attorney General of India and the Government of India initiated contempt proceedings against advocate <mask> for his tweets on February 1, 2019 in relation to the hearings before the Supreme Court of India in the case involving appointment of CBI chief. Later, however, the Attorney General sought to withdraw the proceedings, indicating that the comments had been a "genuine mistake" by Bhushan. In August 2020, the Supreme Court of India held that Bhushan was guilty of contempt of court, in relation to two posts made by him on Twitter. The first post was a criticism of the role played by the previous four Chief Justices of India, and the second criticised the Chief Justice of India in relation to a photograph of him posing on a motorcycle without a mask while the Court was in lockdown during the Covid-19 pandemic in India. Justice Arun Mishra, writing for the bench, held that these tweets were not just personal opinions, and that they tended to "shake the public confidence in the institution of judiciary".The proceedings were criticised widely by multiple former judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, including Supreme Court Justices Kurian Joseph, Ruma Pal,  G.S. Singhvi, A.K. Ganguly, Gopala Gowda, Aftab Alam, Jasti


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts:
 Chelameswar and Vikramjit Sen. Bhushan was also supported with statements published by senior advocates and civil servants. During the proceedings, the Attorney General of India had objected to the Supreme Court, noting that contempt proceedings required his consent, which had not been obtained in this case. The Supreme Court declined to hear him and initially published an order that did not record his appearance, although it was later amended to correct this error. On 31 August 2020, the Supreme Court fined him 1 for contempt of court, which he paid the same day. His anti-vaccine tweets and criticism of mask mandates has invited him heavy criticism from across the political spectrum in India.Team Anna and Jan Lokpal movement

In 2010, there were a series of anti-corruption demonstrations in India, after high-profile cases like Commonwealth Games scam and Adarsh scam were highlighted in the media. An anti-corruption crusade which included a demand for a Jan Lokpal Bill took place and became known as the India Against Corruption movement. <mask> <mask> was one of the several activists who participated in the anti-corruption crusade. In March, the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) invited Hazare, the most prominent leader of the movement, for talks. <mask> <mask> and his father Shanti <mask>, along with Swami Agnivesh and Kiran Bedi, accompanied Hazare to the meeting. Subsequently, in April 2011, Hazare nominated the Bhushans as members of the joint committee constituted to draft a final version of the Lokpal Bill. A few days after the committee began work, a CD was released that appeared to be a recording of conversation between Shanti <mask> and Amar Singh of the Samajwadi Party.The recording, related to 2G spectrum case, would discredit Shanti <mask>, if found to be genuine. <mask> <mask> stated that labs had shown the CD was doctored, and that its purpose was to obstruct the anti-corruption movement. Later, Singh claimed that Bhushan telephoned him and tried to stop him from talking, a charge which Bhushan denied. The committee met the government representatives several times to discuss the proposed bill.

masks: Prashant Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Bhushan Bhushan Bhushan Prashant Bhushan


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts:
 <mask> <mask> stated that the Lokpal should have full autonomy and power to prosecute all public servants, and that this principle was non-negotiable. Team Anna activists disagreed with the government's attempt to keep the Prime Minister out of the Lokpal's purview. The government did not want the Lokpal to have the power to investigate the Prime Minister, the higher judiciary, the defence services, the CBI and the CVC and the conduct of MPs inside Parliament.The government's draft of the bill also excluded several other Lokpal powers proposed by Team Anna's draft such as the powers to tap phones. On 4 August 2011, the government's version of the Lokpal bill was tabled in the Lok Sabha. <mask> <mask> and other IAC activists criticised the bill as weak, stating that it would provide protection to the corrupt officials. Hazare staged a demonstration against the government's version of the bill, but was detained. The other activists, including <mask> <mask>, then organised peaceful protests across the country. Following a hunger strike by Hazare and more failed negotiations with the government representatives, a section of Team Anna activists led by Kejriwal and Bhushan decided to enter politics to pass the bill themselves. Himachal land controversy

In 2011, the Congress leader Digvijaya Singh alleged that the two Bhushans had failed to pay taxes due when they bought an investment property in Allahabad.<mask> denied the charge, calling it a "very organised and concerted attempt to smear members of the civil society in the Lokpal drafting committee with allegations". In a similar accusation, the former BJP Chief Minister, Prem Kumar Dhumal, had rejected those charges, defending the grant of relaxations to the educational trust. Kashmir issue controversy

In 2011, at a press conference in Varanasi, <mask> stated that he wanted the Armed Forces Special Powers Act to be revoked in Jammu and Kashmir. He added that the government should try to persuade the people of the Kashmir valley to align with India but that they should be allowed to separate if they wish to do so. On 12 October 2011, he was attacked by the

masks: Prashant Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Bhushan Bhushan


title: Prashant Bhushan

texts:
 members of Bhagat Singh Kranti Sena inside the Supreme Court complex, for these remarks. The group accused him of trying to break up India. He was dragged out of his chair, and repeatedly kicked and punched.Bhushan described his attackers as having a "fascist mindset" and stood by his statements. Several politicians and activists condemned the attack on <mask>, while some others criticised him. The Shiv Sena called for a police case to be registered against <mask>, accusing him of supporting the anti-national elements. Hazare distanced Team Anna from <mask>'s remarks, saying that these were his personal views. Political views

Bhushan had long been a critic of the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government. In 2012, he co-founded the Aam Aadmi Party, stating that the other political parties were corrupt. Bhushan accused BJP's Prime Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi of being corrupt and a "puppet" of Reliance Industries.He also accused RSS of supporting terror activities, and criticised BJP for its links with the RSS. Before the 2015 Delhi elections, <mask> accused party's chief Arvind Kejriwal of selecting candidates of his own choice. After the elections, on 4 March 2015, <mask> and Yogendra Yadav were voted out of Political Affairs Committee of Aam Aadmi Party for alleged anti-party activities and for working toward the party's defeat in the Delhi elections. Both <mask> and Yadav denied the charges. On 28 March 2015, they were dropped from the National Executive Council of the AAP following a vote, at a meeting the conduct of which was afterwards disputed by Bhushan. He and Yadav then formed a new political movement called Swaraj Abhiyan. In April 2015, they were expelled from the party by AAP's disciplinary committee.Personal life

<mask> <mask> is married to Deepa <mask>, a former lawyer. The couple has three sons

Bibliography

References

20th-century Indian lawyers
Living people
University of Allahabad alumni
Indian anti-corruption activists
1956 births
Former members of Aam Aadmi Party from Delhi
21st-century Indian politicians
Delhi politicians
People involved in the Citizenship Amendment

masks: Bhushan Bhushan Bhushan Bhushan Bhushan Bhushan Prashant Bhushan Bhushan


title: Joachim Neander

texts: <mask> (Neumann)  (165031 May 1680) was a German Reformed (Calvinist) Church teacher, theologian and hymn writer whose most famous hymn, Praise to the Lord, the Almighty, the King of Creation () has been described by John Julian in his A Dictionary of Hymnology "a magnificent hymn of praise to God, perhaps the finest creation of its author, and of the first rank in its class." Due to its popularity it was translated several times into English - Catherine Winkworth being one of the translators in the 19th century - and the hymn has appeared in most major hymnals. Neander wrote about 60 hymns and provided tunes for many of them. He is considered by many to be the first important German hymnist after the Reformation and is regarded as the outstanding hymn writer of the German Reformed Church. <mask> was born in Bremen, the son of a Latin teacher. His grandfather, a musician, had changed the family name from the original Neumann ('New man' in English) to the Graeco-Roman form Neander following the fashion of the time. After the death of his father, he could not afford to study at a famous university.He therefore studied theology in his hometown from 1666 to 1670. At first, his heart was not in it. It was only when he heard a sermon of Theodor Undereyk (shortly before the end of his course) that his beliefs became serious. In 1671 he became a private tutor in Heidelberg, and in 1674 he became a teacher in a Latin school in Düsseldorf, one step before becoming a minister. While living there, he liked to go to the nearby valley of the Düssel river, nature being the inspiration for his poems. He also held gatherings and services in the valley, at which he gave sermons. The Neandertal (originally Neanderthal, from German Thal for "valley," now

masks:
Joachim Neander
Joachim Neander


title: Joachim Neander

texts:
 himself not to repeat any of the acts complained of; and thereupon was permitted to resume his duties as rector but not as assistant minister. The suspension thus lasted only 14 days, and his salary was never actually stopped. The statements that he was banished from Düsseldorf, and that he lived for months in a cave in the Neanderthal near Mettmann are therefore without foundation. Still his having had to sign such a document was a humiliation which he must have felt keenly, and when, after Lürsen's departure, the second master of the Latin school was appointed permanent assistant pastor, this feeling would be renewed.Creation of hymns

A number were circulated among his friends at Düsseldorf in MS., but they were first collected and published after his removal to Bremen, and appeared as:

 A und Ώ, <mask>i Glaub-und Liebesübung: — auffgemuntert durch ein fällige Bundes Lieder und Danck-Psalmen, Bremen, Hermann Brauer, 1680. Second edition, Bremen, 1683. Third edition, Bremen, 1687. The so-called third edition at Wesel, 1686, also found in Berlin, was evidently pirated. Other editions rapidly followed until we find the complete set (i.e., 57 or 58) formally incorporated as part of a hymnbook, e.g. in the Marburg Reformed Gesang-Buch, 1722, where the first part consists of Lobwasser's Psalter, the second of Neander's Bundeslieder, and the third of other hymns. Neander's Bundeslieder also form a division of the Lemgo Reformed Gesang-Buch, 1722.Fourth edition, Frankfurt, 1689. These editions contain 57 hymns. Fifth edition, Frankfurt and Leipzig, 1691, edited by G. C. Strattner, eight hymns were added as being also by Neander. The whole of these editions are in the Royal Library, Berlin. One of his favourites book used in the meetings


title: Joachim Neander

texts:
 conducted by G. Tersteegen, which in the fifth edition, Solingen, 1760, has the title Gott-geheiligtes Harfen-Spiel der Kinder Zion; bestehend in Joachimi Neandri sämtlichen Bundes-Liedern. In this way, especially in the district near Düsseldorf and on the Ruhr, Neander's name was honoured and beloved long after it had passed out of memory at Bremen. Further reading
 Helmut Ackermann: <mask>der.Sein Leben, seine Lieder, sein Tal. 3. erw. Aufl. Düsseldorf 2005, . Gerhard Dünnhaupt: "<mask> (1650–1680)". In: Personalbibliographien zu den Drucken des Barock, Bd. 4.Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, , pp. 2933–2936 (bibliography of his works and literature)
 Lore Esselbrügge: <mask>, ein Kirchenliederdichter des 17. Jhs. Diss. Marburg 1921. Andreas L. Hofbauer: Meine Taube / in den Felßlöchern / in dem Verborgene der Steinritzen / laß mich hören deine Stimme. <mask> <mask>.In: Dirk Matejovski, Dietmar Kamper, Gerd-C. Weniger (eds. ), Mythos Neanderthal, Frankfurt/New York 2001, . W. Nelle: <mask>, der Dichter der "Bundeslieder" und "Dankpsalmen". Hamburg 1904. <mask>der: Bundeslieder und Dankpsalmen von 1680 mit ausgesetztem Generalbaß von Oskar Gottlieb Blarr. (Schriftenreihe des Vereins für Rheinische rJoachim Neander: Bundes-Lieder und Dank-Psalmen. Facsimile reprint of the first edition, Bremen 1680, with studies by Thomas Elsmann and Oskar Gottlieb Blarr.Bremen: Schünemann 2009, 192, 34 pp. References

External links

  Hymnary entry for <mask>

1650 births
1680 deaths
German Baroque composers
Calvinist and Reformed hymnwriters
German classical composers
German male classical composers
German Protestant hymnwriters
German male writers
17th-century classical composers
German-language poets
People from Düsseldorf
17th-century male

masks:
Joachim Nean
Joachim Neander
Joachim Neander
Ad Joachim
Neander
Joachim Neander
Joachim Nean
Joachim Neander


title: George Ravenscroft

texts:
<mask> (1632 – 7 June 1683) was an English businessman in the import/export and glass making trades. He is primarily known for his work in developing clear lead crystal glass (also known as flint glass) in England. Personal life
Little is known about <mask>'s personal life, character or appearance, though his father described him in his will as a responsible family man and an astute businessman. He was born in 1632, the second of five sons of Roman Catholic parents who hid their true faith and lived outwardly as Anglicans, and he was baptized in Alconbury Weston, Huntingdonshire, England, in April 1633. From 1643 to 1651 <mask> attended the English College in Douai, France to train for the priesthood, but he dropped out before finishing his training and returned to London by 1666. After settling in London and establishing a successful import/export business that made him wealthy, <mask> married Hellen Appleby, from Yorkshire, England, in 1670 or 1671 and had three children with her. In 1684 his widow subsequently married Sir Thomas Sheridan, Chief Secretary of State for Ireland (1687-1688).<mask> died on 7 June 1683 after suffering from "a palsy" and was buried in the Ravenscroft vault in the Church of St. John the Baptist in Chipping Barnet, North London, England. Today in Chipping Barnet a school, a park, a garden, and a road are called Ravenscroft, suggesting the importance of the <mask> family in the area at one time. Early career (1651–1666)
<mask>'s whereabouts and activities between 1651 and 1666 are unclear, though it is certain that he lived in Venice, Italy for at least some of this time working as a merchant and possibly learning glassmaking techniques that he would later bring back to England. At some point he established a successful import/export business in Venice with two of his brothers, Francis and James. Later career (1666–1683)

Background
<mask> moved to London by 1666 and continued working in the import/export business, trading goods such as currants, glass, and lace. There are differing accounts of <mask>'s role in the invention and subsequent development of lead crystal glass. This much

masks:
George Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft
Ravenscroft


title: George Ravenscroft

texts: is generally accepted to be true: During the years <mask> lived in Venice (sometime between 1651 and 1666) he was involved in the glass trade, not as a craftsman but as a merchant, so he knew and associated with glassmakers in Italy.By the time <mask> moved back to England several glassmakers there had already started manufacturing glassware that attempted to mimic Italian cristallo, and <mask> decided to start his own glass-making business while still running his import/export business. It is likely that <mask> was the director and financier of his glassworks but not actively involved in the physical process of glass-making, a role likely to have been performed by one or more craftsmen in his employ, such as Italians Signor da Costa or Vincenzo Pompeio, or his English assistant Hawley Bishopp, who set up his own glassworks, in the Savoy area of London, after <mask>'s death. Ravenscroft's glassworks produced mainly drinking glasses but also made some bowls and posset pots. At this point the circumstances concerning <mask>'s role in lead crystal manufacture becomes less clear. This is partly because records from the mid-17th century are incomplete, but is also largely because <mask> was secretive about his ingredients and processes. There is proof that he was helped by Sir Robert Plot FRS, who suggested using flints from Oxfordshire river beds in place of dark grey London flints to the very expensive white flints from the river bed of the River Po in Italy as used in Murano. It is now believed that Dr Plot requested a sample of his powder which was described as being "fine and white".If he added lead oxide (in a red lead powder form), the powder would appear pale pink, so he may have deliberately have misled Dr Plot and his assistant sent to visit in Henley on Thames. He was probably careful to prevent competitors from copying him and also wished to agree a deal with the Worshipful Company of Glass Sellers of London Glass Sellers' Company, to which he gave exclusive rights to buy his creations at pre-determined prices in return for a grant to finance his Henley-on-Thames workshop, with two teams of glass

masks: Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft


title: George Ravenscroft

texts:
 blowers. There is some debate over how, when, and why <mask> was inspired to use lead in the production of glass. Some believe that he accidentally discovered that adding lead oxides to the glass mixture lent the final product special qualities, while others believe that he learned the technique in Venice. The use of lead in glass was known in Italy as proved by 12% lead being discovered in the white cameo layer of The Portland Vase, a famous Roman artefact in the British Museum Others point out that the process was documented in an Italian book, L'Arte Vetraria, written by Antonio Neri in 1612 was translated into English by Christopher Merret in 1662. Whatever the origin of the idea, <mask> believed that he had a unique product to offer the English market, so he applied to King Charles II for a patent in 1674 to establish his right to be sole manufacturer of lead crystal glass in England. He produced lead crystal glass for a period of only five years, dissolving his manufacturing business in 1679.His patent expired in 1681. In 1680 he became associated with the Vauxhall glassworks, working with the company until his death in 1683. Ravenscroft’s Lead Crystal Glass

Ravenscroft's glass works were set up in two locations, the primary facility being established in Savoy, London in 1673 and a secondary, temporary facility set up between 1674 and 1675 in Henley-on-Thames. Early Ravenscroft glass (1674–1676) typically suffered from crizzling (gradual, unstoppable deterioration characterized by numerous cracks, making the glass look cloudy), within 1 to 2 years, because of impurities in the glass-making mixture - excessive alkaline salts or insufficient amounts of lime, which acts as a stabilizer, have been suggested as possible causes. No early pieces are known to still exist. The "crizzling" damaged the reputation of the company, and <mask> and his team worked to fix the problem. <mask> announced in 1676 that the "crizzling" problem had been resolved and that the new, improved glass vessels would bear a raven's head seal to distinguish them from earlier, faulty pieces.A small number (less than twenty) of glass

masks: Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft


title: George Ravenscroft

texts:
 vessels bearing the raven's head seal exist today, some of which have crizzled and some of which have not. More pieces created by <mask> may exist, but in the absence of the raven's head seal, which he stopped using in about 1677, or any descriptions or drawings of his designs, it is difficult to positively attribute particular pieces to him. Some pieces thought to strongly resemble <mask>'s work bear an "S" seal; some have suggested that the "S" stands for "Savoy", Ravenscroft's main production facility, while others tentatively suggest that the "S" might stand for "Southwark, indicating that the glass may conceivably have been made by John Bowles and William Lillington at their South London glass works across the river. There may be around forty glass items made by <mask> using his new lead recipe, but less than twenty with the raven's seal. The addition of lead oxide to the raw ingredients of glass resulted in a melted mixture that had a lower viscosity than ordinary glass, which had the advantage of being less likely to contain air bubbles. This made it easier to blow giving it a "working time" of about two minutes without re-heating, and made it particularly suitable for blowing into moulds. Lead glass has a higher refractive index, making its appearance sparkling, bright, and brilliant in light.It "rings" when struck. Legacy
It is not known why <mask> decided to sever his ties with the London Glass Sellers' Company and leave the glass-making business in 1679 (his strong Roman Catholic beliefs might have made him unpopular), but his style of lead crystal glass became fashionable in England and within 20 years of his patent some 100 glass makers in England were producing lead crystal glass. <mask> did not "invent" lead crystal glass, as others had already discovered the advantages of adding lead oxide to glass, but he did improve the process. More than a dozen of <mask>'s pieces are known to exist (see table below), and the "robust simplicity" of his designs is still admired. See also
Glass
Lead glass
Crystal glass
Glass production

References

1632 births
1683 deaths
English College, Douai alumni
English

masks: Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft Ravenscroft


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts: <mask> (June 8, 1903 – January 27, 1996) was an American politician and lawyer. He was a Texas Democratic politician who served in the United States Senate from 1957 to 1971 and was a leader of the progressive wing of his party. Along with Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson and Speaker of the House Sam Rayburn, but unlike most Southern congressmen, <mask> refused to support the 1956 Southern Manifesto, which called for resistance to the racial integration of schools and other public places. Yarborough voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957, 1960, 1964, and 1968, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the confirmation of Thurgood Marshall to the U.S. Supreme Court. Yarborough was the only senator from a state that was part of the Confederacy to vote for all five bills. Born in Chandler, Texas, <mask> practiced law in El Paso after graduating from the University of Texas School of Law. He became an assistant to Texas Attorney General James V. Allred in 1931 and specialized in prosecuting major oil companies.Allred was later elected governor of Texas and appointed <mask> to a judgeship in Travis County. After serving in the United States Army during World War II, <mask> repeatedly ran for governor, opposing the conservative faction of Democrats led by Allan Shivers. Price Daniel resigned from the Senate after winning the 1956 gubernatorial election, and <mask> won the special election to serve the remainder of Daniel's term. He won election to a full term in 1958 and was reelected again in 1964, defeating Harris County Republican Party Chairman George H. W. Bush in the latter race. Yarborough was known as "Smilin' <mask>" and used the slogan "Let's put the jam on the lower shelf so the little people can reach it" in his campaigns. He staunchly supported the "Great Society" legislation that encompassed Medicare and Medicaid, the War on Poverty, federal support for higher education and veterans, and other programs. He also co-wrote the Endangered Species Act and was the most powerful proponent of the Big Thicket National

masks:
Ralph Webster Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Ralph


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts:
 Preserve.<mask> criticized the Vietnam War and supported Robert F. Kennedy in the 1968 presidential election until the latter's assassination. In 1970, Yarborough lost re-nomination to fellow Democrat Lloyd Bentsen, who campaigned as relatively more conservative. <mask> attempted to win the 1972 Democratic primary for Texas's other Senate seat, but lost the primary to Barefoot Sanders. <mask> did not seek public office after 1972. Early life
Yarborough was born in Chandler in Henderson County west of Tyler, the seventh of nine children of Charles Richard Yarborough and the former Nannie Jane Spear. He was appointed to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1919 but dropped out to become a teacher. Yarborough instead attended Sam Houston State Teachers College and transferred to the University of Texas at Austin.<mask> graduated from the University of Texas Law School in 1927 and practiced law in El Paso until he was hired as an assistant attorney general in 1931 by the state Attorney General and later Governor James V. Allred. From 1923 to 1926 he served with the 36th Infantry Division of the Texas Army National Guard, reaching the rank of Staff Sergeant. After attending teaching school he taught for three years in Delta County and Martin Springs. He spent one year working and studying foreign trade and international relations in Europe, mostly as assistant secretary for the American Chamber of Commerce in Berlin, Germany. Yarborough was an expert in Texas land law and specialized in prosecuting major oil companies that violated production limits or failed to pay oil royalties to the Permanent School Fund for drilling on public lands. He earned renown for winning a million dollar judgment against the Mid-Kansas Oil and Gas Company for oil royalties, the second largest judgment ever in Texas at the time. After Allred was elected governor, he appointed Yarborough judge of the 53rd Judicial District serving Travis County, the county seat of which is Austin.<mask> was elected to a four-year term later the same year. Yarborough's first run for state office resulted in a third-place

masks: Yarborough Yarborough Yarborough Yarborough Yarborough


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts:
 finish in the Democratic primary for state attorney general in 1938 against the sitting lieutenant governor. Yarborough served in the U.S. Army during World War II after 1943 and achieved the rank of lieutenant colonel. Before being elected a senator, <mask> served on the Lower Colorado River Authority's board of directors and lectured on land law at University of Texas School of Law in 1935. He also served as a presiding judge for the Third Administrative Judicial District of Texas. From 1947 to 1951 he was a member of the Texas Board of Law Examiners. Political rise

Running for governor
Yarborough was urged to run again for state attorney general in 1952, and he planned to do so until he received a personal affront from Governor Allan Shivers who told him not to run.Texas Secretary of State John Ben Shepperd resigned in the spring of 1952 and was elected attorney general that year. He served two two-year terms. Angered at Shivers, <mask> ran in the gubernatorial primaries in 1952 and 1954 against the conservative Shivers, drawing support from labor unions and liberals. <mask> denounced the "Shivercrats" for veterans' fraud in the Texas Veterans Land Board of the Texas General Land Office and for endorsing in 1952 and 1956 the Republican Eisenhower/Nixon ticket, instead of the Democrat Adlai Stevenson of Illinois. Shivers portrayed Yarborough as an integrationist supported by communists and unions. The 1954 election was particularly nasty in its race-baiting by Shivers as it was the year that Brown v. Board of Education was decided, and Shivers made the most of the court decision in order to play on voters' fears. Yarborough, however, nearly upset Shivers.In 1956, <mask> made it to the primary runoff for governor against U.S. Senator Price Daniel. Texas historian J. Evetts Haley ran in the primary to the political right of both Daniel and <mask> but lost. After being endorsed by former opponent and former Governor W. Lee O'Daniel, and making aggressive attacks on the Shivers-backed candidate, <mask> looked to win the runoff, but instead he trailed Daniel by about nine thousand votes. It is

masks: Yarborough Yarborough Yarborough Yarborough Yarborough Yarborough


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts:
 believed (by Yarborough, his supporters, and biographer) that the election was stolen because of irregular voting in East Texas and that <mask> really won the runoff by thirty thousand. Nevertheless, Yarborough's runs for governor had raised his stature and popularity in the state as he had been campaigning for six straight years for office. Becoming a senator
When Daniel resigned from the Senate in 1957 to become governor, <mask> ran in the special election to fill the empty seat.With no runoff then required, he needed only a plurality of votes to win. Ironically, his many runs for governor made him the best positioned candidate. <mask> won the special election with 38 percent of the vote to join fellow Texan Lyndon B. Johnson in the Senate. The runner-up in the race with 30 percent of the vote was U.S. Representative Martin Dies, Jr., known for his investigations into communist infiltration. A Republican lawyer from Houston, Thad Hutcheson, ran third with 23 percent of the ballots cast. James Boren served as <mask>'s campaign manager and chief of staff. In office, <mask> was a very different kind of Southern senator.He did not support the Southern Manifesto opposing integration and supported national Democratic goals of more funding for health care, education, and the environment. Himself a veteran, he worked to expand the G.I. Bill to Cold War veterans. <mask>'s first major legislative victory was the successful passage of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, which began federal funding of loans and grants to universities and their students. In 1958, <mask> easily defeated in the Democratic primary the conservative William A. Blakley, a millionaire businessman from Dallas who was backed by Daniel. Blakley had been the interim senator from January to April 1957 but did not run in the special election in which Yarborough defeated Dies and Hutcheson. Instead Blakley was appointed senator again in 1961 and ran in another special election, only to be defeated by the Republican John Tower.In the nationally Democratic year of 1958, <mask> cruised to victory in the general election over the

masks:
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Ralph Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts:
 Republican nominee, publisher Roy Whittenburg of Amarillo. During his first full term, <mask> worked for a bill signed by President John F. Kennedy to designate Padre Island as a national seashore. While serving in the senate he was a member of the Interparliamentary Union Group from 1961 to 1970 and a member of the board of directors of Gallaudet College from 1969 to 1971. Assassination of John F. Kennedy and later Senate career

November 1963
Yarborough rode in the Dallas motorcade in which John F. Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963. He was in a convertible with Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, Lady Bird Johnson (who sat between Yarborough and Johnson), United States Secret Service agent Rufus Youngblood, and Hurchel Jacks of the Texas State Highway Patrol. From the start of the President's tour of Texas, Yarborough considered that he had been slighted by some of the arrangements and so, in the early stages, refused to ride with Johnson, despite repeated pleas by Youngblood. His decision, underpinned by a long-standing feud with Governor Connally,  an old friend and erstwhile ally of Johnson, caused embarrassment to both the President and Vice President and drew considerable diversionary attention in the press.According to Johnson, Kennedy considered <mask>'s behavior "an outrage" and there is some evidence of a heated exchange between Kennedy and Johnson the night before the President's death. According to Johnson's biographer, Robert Caro, the following morning in Fort Worth, Kennedy intervened directly with <mask>, making clear that, if he valued his friendship, he would ride with Johnson when the party reached Dallas. Then, during the short flight from Fort Worth, Kennedy persuaded Connally to give <mask> a more prominent role in some of the later functions planned in Austin. In the ensuing motorcade, the car carrying <mask> and the Vice President was two cars behind the presidential limousine carrying Kennedy and Connally (who was seriously wounded during the attack on the President). In a later interview, Yarborough called the event, "the most tragic event of my life."


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts:
 Shortly after Johnson became president, <mask> telephoned him in conciliatory and supportive terms. Re-election to Senate
In 1964, <mask> again won the primary without a runoff and went on to general election victory with 56.2 percent in LBJ's 1964 Democratic landslide.His Republican Party (GOP) opponent was future president George H. W. Bush, who attacked <mask> as a left-wing demagogue and for his vote in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. <mask> denounced Bush as an extremist to the right of that year's GOP nominee for president Barry M. Goldwater and as a rich easterner and a carpetbagger trying to buy a Senate seat. It has since been learned that then-Governor Connally was covertly aiding Bush, instead of party nominee Yarborough, against President Johnson's wishes, by teaching Democrats the techniques of split ticket voting. In the same election, Connally defeated Bush's ticket-mate, Jack Crichton. In 1967, Yarborough was the first U.S. Senator to introduce the first bilingual education act. Although <mask> supported Johnson's domestic agenda, he went public with his criticism of Johnson's foreign policy and the Vietnam War after Johnson announced his retirement.<mask> supported Robert F. Kennedy until his assassination, then supported Eugene McCarthy until his loss in Chicago, and finally backed Hubert Humphrey for president in the pivotal campaign of 1968 against Nixon. In 1969, Senator <mask> became chairman of the Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. Defeat
In 1970, South Texan businessman and former Congressman Lloyd Bentsen won a 54 to 46 percent upset victory against <mask> in the Democratic primary, when <mask> was focusing on the expected second general election again against Bush. Bentsen played on voters' fears of societal breakdown and urban riots and made an issue of <mask>'s opposition to the Vietnam War. Bentsen said that Yarborough was a political antique. Said Bentsen, "It would be nice if <mask> would vote for his state every once in a while." Bentsen went on to win the general election against Bush.In 1972, <mask> made a comeback effort to win the

masks:
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Ralph Yarborough
Ralph Yarborough


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts:
 Democratic nomination for U.S. Senator as a challenger of Republican Senator John Tower, who as a young man had once circulated <mask>orough stickers. <mask> won the first round of the primary and came within 526 votes of winning the primary without the need for a runoff. <mask> again made accusations of vote fraud from the conservative wing. He lost in the primary runoff to a former U.S. Attorney, Barefoot Sanders, in an anti-incumbent sweep after the Sharpstown Bank-stock Scandal despite neither being an incumbent nor involved at all with the scandal. From 1973 to 1974 he served as a member of the Constitutional Revision Commission of Texas. From 1983 to 1987 he served as a member of the State Library and Archives Commission of Texas.He practiced law in Austin from 1971 until his death in 1996. Death

<mask> died in 1996 in Austin. He is interred at the Texas State Cemetery there beside his wife, the former Opal Warren (1903–2002), a native of Murchison in Henderson County, Texas. The Texas State Cemetery is sometimes called "the Arlington of Texas." <mask> left a legacy in the modernization of the state of Texas and achieved political power when Texas had a native son, Lyndon Johnson, in the White House. He was combative with the dominant industries of oil and natural gas and pushed for the petroleum industry to pay a greater share of taxes. Their son, Richard Warren Yarborough, a lawyer since 1955, died on March 5, 1986, at age 54.<mask> and his wife Opal were survived by three grandchildren and three great-grandchildren. Legacy
Yarborough was one of the last of the New Deal Democrats and powerful liberals in Texas state politics. (He was followed by more conservative senators such as Lloyd Bentsen and Republican Phil Gramm). Yarborough is remembered as the acknowledged "patron saint of Texas liberals." Supporters and former aides that have since risen to prominence include Jim Hightower, Ann Richards, and Garry Mauro. The University of Texas at Austin Press published a biography titled, <mask><mask>: The People's Senator, by Patrick L. Cox. It features a foreword written by liberal

masks:
Ralph Yarb
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Yarborough
Ralph
Ralph W
. Yarborough


title: Ralph Yarborough

texts:
 Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA).The Yarborough Branch of the Austin Public Library was named in <mask>'s honor. In October 1966, Yarborough introduced Senate Bill 5–3929 to establish a 75,000-acre national park to preserve the remaining natural and undisturbed areas of  the Big Thicket in southeast Texas. Due in part to opposition from the lumber industry in the region, as well as vague and disputed definitions of what and where the Big Thicket actually was, it took seven years and another 27 Big Thicket bills until Congress established the Big Thicket National Preserve in 1974. Yarborough was well known for his commitment to science. He favored the creation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and in 1957 was on a subcommittee that began the investigation that resulted in NASA's creation. The following year, <mask> voted in favor of the National Aeronautics and Space Act, citing the impact he believed the agency could have on his hometown of Houston. Yarborough advocated more education in science and technology in schools throughout the country.In his biography, he wrote, "NASA helped push ahead progress in technology. The country's schools should be oriented towards developing technology and teaching science." References

External links

Photographs of <mask>, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
East Texas historical newspaper column

 “Eyes on the Prize; Interview with <mask><mask>"  1986-05-15, American Archive of Public Broadcasting

1903 births
1996 deaths
Texas state court judges
United States senators from Texas
Texas Democrats
Texas lawyers
American anti–Vietnam War activists
Witnesses to the assassination of John F. Kennedy
United States Army personnel of World War II
University of Texas School of Law alumni
Sam Houston State University alumni
Politicians from Austin, Texas
Politicians from El Paso, Texas
People from Henderson County, Texas
Military personnel from Texas
Burials at Texas State Cemetery
Democratic Party United States senators
Texas National Guard personnel
United States Army colonels
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American

masks:
Ralph Yarborough
Yarborough
Ralph Yarborough
Ralph W
. Yarborough


title: Satoshi Shimizu

texts:
is a Japanese professional boxer who has held the OPBF featherweight title since 2017. As an amateur, he won the bronze medal in the men's bantamweight division at the 2012 Olympics. Personal career
He is currently an employee of a children’s clothing maker, Miki House. He was Second lieutenant in the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force in 2012, and was affiliated with his alma mater, Komazawa University in 2008. Amateur boxing career
<mask> started boxing at a gym in Kurashiki, Okayama in the third grade of junior high school. 2008 Summer Olympics
He competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics at featherweight (– 57 kg) but lost his first bout 9–12 to Yakup Kılıç. He was not happy about the judgement, and turned down the offers to sign professional contracts in order to win a medal at the Olympics.He secured the bronze medal in the featherweight division in the 2009 Asian Amateur Boxing Championships in Zhuhai, China, and won the National Sports Festival of Japan in the lightweight division to become a three-division champion of that title in the same year. In January 2010, he had surgery on the shoulder injury that has plagued him for years, and won the regional round of the National Sports Festival all by RSC in the lightweight division. Only one week after that, he moved down in weight class to the bantamweight division because the featherweight division has been removed in the AIBA events for the 2012 Summer Olympics since September 2010, and participated in the Asian Games, but lost in the quarterfinals. 2012 Summer Olympics
<mask> qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics in the bantamweight division. He beat Isaac Dogboe 10-9, then was initially declared the loser in his second fight by Magomed Abdulhamidov of Azerbaijan due to controversial judging and refereeing. At the beginning of the third round, he was trailing

masks: Shimizu Shimizu


title: Satoshi Shimizu

texts:
 Abdulhamidov by 7 points; however, in the last 2 minutes of that round, Abdulhamidov began to tire. <mask> repeatedly knocked his opponent down, 6 times in total.AIBA officially overturned the ruling after an appeal by the Japanese Coach stating that Abdulhamidov should have been given at least 3 warnings and therefore disqualified. <mask> defeated Algeria's Mohamed Ouadahi 17–15 in the quarter-finals but lost to Great Britain's Luke Campbell 20–11 in the semi-finals which won him the bronze medal. It was Japan's first men's boxing medal since 1968. <mask> made a significant contribution to Japan's 2012 Olympic boxing team as an icebreaker. However, the medal was lost in spring 2013. He decided to join APB (AIBA Pro Boxing) for the right to fight for the gold at the 2016 Summer Olympics. So, he retired from the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force, and entered Miki House in April 2014.Professional boxing career

Early career
<mask> decided to turn professional after failing to qualify for the 2016 Summer Olympics. He began training at the Ohashi Boxing Gym, and acquired his professional boxing license on July 29, 2016. <mask> made his professional debut against In Kyoo Lee on September 4, 2016, on the undercard of the WBO super-flyweight title bout between Naoya Inoue and Petchbarngborn Kokietgym. He won the fight by a fifth-round knockout, flooring Lee with a left hook to the body, which prompted his corner-men to throw in the towel. Prior to the knockout, Lee was knocked down in both the second and fourth rounds. <mask> faced the 6–3 Carlo Demecillo in his second professional appearance, which took place on the undercard of the December 30, 2016, WBO super-flyweight title bout between Naoya Inoue and Kohei Kono. He won the fight by a third-round knockout, stopping Demecillo with a right hook to the jaw.<mask> was next

masks: Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu


title: Satoshi Shimizu

texts:
 scheduled to face Takuya Yamamoto on May 21, 2017. He won the fight by a first-round technical knockout. OPBF featherweight champion
<mask> was booked to challenge the reigning OPBF featherweight champion Sa Myung Noh on October 2, 2017. The title fight was scheduled as the main event of the "61st Phoenix Battle", which took place at the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan. He captured the belt with a fifth-round knockout of Noh. <mask> pressured Noh from the outset of the fight and knocked him down it the fourth. Although he was unable to finish him in that round, he managed to do so at the 1:54 minute mark of the very next round.<mask> made his first title defense against Eduardo Mancito on December 30, 2017, on the undercard of the Naoya Inoue and Yoan Boyeaux WBO super-flyweight title bout. He knocked Mancito down with a right hook in the first round and dropped him twice more in the seventh round, before finally finishing the Filipino challenger with a right hook at the 2:08 minute mark of the seventh round. <mask> made his second title defense against Kyung Min Kwon on March 26, 2018, in his return to the Korakuen Hall in Tokyo, Japan, where he first won the belt. He first knocked Kwon down with a left straight in the sixth round, before forcing the referee to wave the fight off with a flurry of punches in the eight round. <mask> made his third title defense against the 16–3–1 Shingo Kawamura on August 17, 2018. He won the fight by a fourth-round knockout. <mask> first staggered Kawamura with a left straight, before knockoing him out with a strike to the body.<mask> made his third title defense against the undefeated Takuya Uehara on December 3, 2018, in the main event of "66th Phoenix Battle". He won the fight by a third-round technical knockout. <mask> was booked to challenge the reigning WBO Asia Pacific

masks: Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu


title: Satoshi Shimizu

texts:
 super-featherweight champion Joe Noynay on July 12, 2019, on the Rob Brant vs Ryota Murata II undercard, at the Edion Arena in Osaka, Japan. Despite coming into the fight as a favorite, <mask> suffered an upset stoppage loss. <mask> was knocked down twice in the first round and failed to recover in the remaining five rounds, as he lost the fight by a sixth-round technical knockout. <mask> made his fifth OPBF featherweight title defense against Kyohei Tonomoto on July 16, 2020, after a year-long absence from the sport. He won the fight by a seventh-round technical knockout.<mask> was booked to face the WBO Asia Pacific featherweight champion Musashi Mori in his sixth title defense on May 21, 2021. He won the fight by unanimous decision. Two of the judges scored the fight 118–110 in his favor, while the third judge scored the fight 116–112 for <mask>. <mask> vacated the WBO Asia Pacific title on November 26, 2021, six months after he had won it. Professional boxing record

See also
List of Olympic medalists in boxing
List of 2012 Summer Olympics medal winners
2012 Asian Boxing Olympic Qualification Tournament
Controversies at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Chronological summary of the 2012 Summer Olympics

References

Video references

External links

AIBA INTERNATIONAL BOXING ASSOCIATION  biographies
<mask> <mask>'s boxing stats by the AIBA

1986 births
Olympic boxers of Japan
Living people
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force personnel
Featherweight boxers
Boxers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Asian Games medalists in boxing
Boxers at the 2010 Asian Games
Boxers at the 2014 Asian Games
Sportspeople from Okayama
Komazawa University alumni
Olympic bronze medalists for Japan
Olympic medalists in boxing
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Japanese male boxers
Asian Games bronze medalists for

masks: Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Shimizu Satoshi Shimizu


title: Jakob Steiner

texts:
<mask> (18 March 1796 – 1 April 1863) was a Swiss mathematician who worked primarily in geometry. Life

<mask> was born in the village of Utzenstorf, Canton of Bern. At 18, he became a pupil of Heinrich Pestalozzi and afterwards studied at Heidelberg. Then, he went to Berlin, earning a livelihood there, as in Heidelberg, by tutoring. Here he became acquainted with A. L. Crelle, who, encouraged by his ability and by that of Niels Henrik Abel, then also staying at Berlin, founded his famous Journal (1826). After <mask>'s publication (1832) of his Systematische Entwickelungen he received, through Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi, who was then professor at Königsberg University, and earned an honorary degree there; and through the influence of Jacobi and of the brothers Alexander and Wilhelm von Humboldt a new chair of geometry was founded for him at Berlin (1834). This he occupied until his death in Bern on 1 April 1863.He was described by Thomas Hirst as follows:
 "He is a middle-aged man, of pretty stout proportions, has a long intellectual face, with beard and moustache and a fine prominent forehead, hair dark rather inclining to turn grey. The first thing that strikes you on his face is a dash of care and anxiety, almost pain, as if arising from physical suffering—he has rheumatism. He never prepares his lectures beforehand. He thus often stumbles or fails to prove what he wishes at the moment, and at every such failure he is sure to make some characteristic remark." Mathematical contributions

<mask>'s mathematical work was mainly confined to geometry. This he treated synthetically, to the total exclusion of analysis, which he hated, and he is said to have considered it a disgrace to synthetic geometry if equal or higher results were obtained by analytical geometry methods. In his own field he surpassed all his contemporaries.His investigations are distinguished by their great generality, by the fertility of his resources, and by the rigour in his proofs. He has been considered

masks:
Jakob Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner


title: Jakob Steiner

texts: the greatest pure geometer since Apollonius of Perga. In his Systematische Entwickelung der Abhängigkeit geometrischer Gestalten von einander he laid the foundation of modern synthetic geometry. In projective geometry even parallel lines have a point in common: a point at infinity. Thus two points determine a line and two  lines determine a point. The symmetry of point and line  is expressed as projective duality. Starting with perspectivities, the transformations of projective geometry are formed by composition, producing projectivities.<mask> identified sets preserved  by projectivities such as a projective range and pencils. He is particularly remembered for his approach to a conic section by way of projectivity called the <mask> conic. In a second little volume, Die geometrischen Constructionen ausgeführt mittels der geraden Linie und eines festen Kreises (1833), republished in 1895 by Ottingen, he shows, what had been already suggested by J. V. Poncelet, how all problems of the second order can be solved by aid of the straight edge alone without the use of compasses, as soon as one circle is given on the drawing-paper. He also wrote "Vorlesungen über synthetische Geometrie", published posthumously at Leipzig by C. F. Geiser and H. Schroeter in 1867; a third edition by R. Sturm was published in 1887–1898. Other geometric results by <mask> include development of a formula for the partitioning of space by planes (the maximal number of parts created by n planes), several theorems about the famous <mask>'s chain of tangential circles, and a proof of the isoperimetric theorem (later a flaw was found in the proof, but was corrected by Weierstrass). The rest of <mask>'s writings are found in numerous papers mostly published in Crelle's Journal, the first volume of which contains his first four papers. The most important are those relating to algebraic curves and surfaces, especially the short paper Allgemeine Eigenschaften algebraischer Curven.This contains only results, and

masks: Steiner Steiner Steiner Steiner Steiner


title: Jakob Steiner

texts:
 there is no indication of the method by which they were obtained, so that, according to L. O. Hosse, they are, like Fermat's theorems, riddles to the present and future generations. Eminent analysts succeeded in proving some of the theorems, but it was reserved to Luigi Cremona to prove them all, and that by a uniform synthetic method, in his book on algebraic curves. Other important investigations relate to maxima and minima. Starting from simple elementary propositions, <mask> advances to the solution of problems which analytically require the calculus of variations, but which at the time altogether surpassed the powers of that calculus. Connected with this is the paper Vom Krümmungsschwerpuncte ebener Curven, which contains numerous properties of pedals and roulettes, especially of their areas. <mask> also made a small but important contribution to combinatorics. In 1853, <mask> published a two pages article in Crelle's Journal on what nowadays is called Steiner systems, a basic kind of block design.His oldest papers and manuscripts (1823-1826) were published by his admirer Fritz Bützberger on the request of the Bernese Society for Natural Scientists. See also

Arrangement of lines
Malfatti circles
Miquel and <mask>'s quadrilateral theorem
Minkowski–<mask> formula
Mixed volume
Power of a point theorem
<mask> curve
Steiner symmetrization
Steiner system
Steiner surface
Steiner conic
<mask>'s conic problem
<mask>'s problem
<mask> tree
Steiner chain
Poncelet–<mask> theorem
Parallel axes rule
<mask>–Lehmus theorem
<mask> inellipse
Steinerian
Steiner point (computational geometry)
Steiner point (triangle)

Notes

References
 Viktor Blåsjö (2009) "<mask>’s Systematische Entwickelung: The Culmination of Classical Geometry", Mathematical Intelligencer 31(1): 21–9. External links
<mask>, J. (1796-1863)

<mask>'s work on the Isoperimetric Problem at Convergence (by Jennifer Wiegert)

1796 births
1863 deaths
People from Emmental District
19th-century Swiss

masks:
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Steiner
Jakob Steiner
Steiner
Jacob Steiner


title: Waldemar Pawlak

texts:
<mask>  (born 5 September 1959) is a Polish politician. He has twice served as Prime Minister of Poland, briefly in 1992 and again from 1993 to 1995. From November 2007 to November 2012 he served as Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Economy. <mask> is the only person who held the office of prime minister twice during the Third Republic (i.e., since 1989), and he remains Poland's youngest prime minister to date. He is also a long-time commander of the Polish Volunteer fire department, holding the rank of Brigadier General. Since 2015 <mask> is workstream leader for the AMU (Agency for the Modernisation of Ukraine), where he contributes his expertise in economy. Early life, education and early political career
<mask> was born in the village of Model, Masovian Voivodeship on 5 September 1959.He is a graduate of the Warsaw University of Technology. While he was a student and during martial law in 1981 he actively participated in strikes. After graduation (1984) he became a computer teacher in Kamionka (near Pacyna). His political career began in 1985, when he joined the United People's Party. After 1990, like many UPP members, he joined the UPP's successor, the Polish People's Party. He was elected from UPP office to the Contract Sejm (1989) and has remained a member of Sejm since then. He became leader (Prezes) of the UPP in 1991.Premiership of <mask> <mask>

First Premiership

On 5 June 1992, 00:00 AM, after a vote of no confidence was approved, with 273 in favour and 119 against, Jan Olszewski was forced to resign as Prime Minister and his cabinet was immediately replaced in an event known as the nightshift ("Nocna zmiana"). After Olszewski's dismissal, President Lech Wałęsa designated the little-known and inexperienced <mask> as caretaker Prime Minister with the mission, to form a new coalition government with

masks:
Waldemar Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Pawlak
Waldemar
Pawlak
Pawlak


title: Waldemar Pawlak

texts:
 agrarians, Christian democrats and liberals. <mask>'s potential partners, the Democratic Union and the Confederation of Independent Poland were not ready to agree on a compromise programme. The fact was that <mask> and nobody else was called upon to form a new government that was nevertheless a remarkable phenomenon. According to Aleksander Kwaśniewski, it was a 'historical step' towards a 'normalization' of Polish political and party life. After 33 days as a caretaker, <mask> failed to gain support from the Sejm majority and failed in a vote of confidence. <mask> was forced to resign as Prime Minister and the President replaced him with Hanna Suchocka, who won support from the majority and successfully formed a coalition with the Democratic Union, Christian National Union, Liberal Democratic Congress, Peasants' Agreement, People's Christian Party, Party of Christian Democrats and Polish Beer-Lovers' Party.<mask>'s failure paved the way for another political coalition. Since <mask>'s first cabinet did not receive support from the Sejm, at this time, <mask> had no official ministers, only temporary chiefs of executive branches. His first cabinet was the briefest government during this period that lasted only 33 days, this was a notable period commonly known as <mask>'s 33 days (33 dni Pawlaka). Although Pawlak failed to form a government, he gained considerable respect from his 33 days in office. Pawlak was a counterweight to politicians who focused on the issue of lustration, and the backstage of these events was later described by Kult in the song "Mr. Waldek, Don't Be Afraid, or the Lefty June" ("Panie Waldku, Pan się nie boi, czyli Lewy czerwcowy"), which referred to the fall of Jan Olszewski's cabinet. Second Premiership

The Polish People's Party and the social democratic, post-communist Democratic Left Alliance

masks: Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak


title: Waldemar Pawlak

texts:
 (SLD) won the 1993 election in a landslide, holding a super-majority and the support of the socialist-agrarian government, with <mask> as Prime Minister again. Józef Oleksy of the SLD became Sejm Marshal, while SLD leader Aleksander Kwaśniewski remained a Sejm Member without portfolio.Prime Minister <mask> and Kwaśniewski soon found themselves at bitter political odds. Kwaśniewski reportedly had an ambition to become "Prime Minister de facto", while <mask> wanted to retain the power of his office. Both leaders used their parties to fight for power. <mask> was initially in an informal alliance with President Wałęsa against the SLD. However, their good political relations soon dissipated. In 1995, Pawlak offered three options to Kwaśniewski. First, he would remain Prime Minister but with Kwaśniewski as Deputy and Minister of Foreign Affairs.Second,  the Democratic Left Alliance would form a government with Kwaśniewski as Prime Minister. Third, Oleksy would become Prime Minister under the present coalition. <mask> reportedly thought that Kwaśniewski would not risk a minority Democratic Left Alliance government without the support of the majority of the elevation of his main partisan opponent, Oleksy, to Prime Minister and therefore rather be the deputy of Pawlak. However, Kwaśniewski surprised many by choosing the third option. <mask> was known for his reticence and aversion to journalists. The opposition and the media accused him of a lack of dynamism and a terrible information policy. Pawlak gave up the prime ministerial Volvo 780 limousine in favour of a FSO Polonez Caro, equipped with a Rover V8 engine to show solidarity with the automotive industry in Poland.This gesture was well-received by Poles at a time when the country was suffering poverty. In the political wilderness

Despite good public approval ratings

masks: Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak Pawlak


title: Waldemar Pawlak

texts:
 <mask> failed in his bid for the Presidency in 1995, finishing a distant fifth (after Kwaśniewski, Wałęsa, Jacek Kuroń and Jan Olszewski) and winning only 770,417 votes (4.31%). After losing the political battle with Kwaśniewski and, after that, the presidential election, there was a movement to replace <mask> with Jarosław Kalinowski as party leader in 1997. PSL suffered a great political disaster during the 1997 parliamentary elections and became the smallest party in the Sejm (from 132 seats in 1993 to just 27). After the SLD won decisively in the 2001 parliamentary election Kalinowski became deputy of the new Prime Minister Leszek Miller when the PSL joined the coalition. <mask> did not play a major role during this period. Comeback

<mask>'s comeback began in 2005 when he became PSL leader again.In the liberal Civic Platform (PO)-PSL government, formed after the 2007 parliamentary election, <mask> became Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Economy under Prime Minister Donald Tusk. Although PSL remained the smallest party represented in the Sejm, <mask> is often cited as having achieved a major political victory. During his time in the party chair his party enjoyed better electoral results, the elimination of major competition among agrarian voters from the also agrarian dominated party (Samoobrona), and the resumption of major influence in rural areas. Additionally, PSL was put in charge of three cabinet posts in the Tusk government. (Without the PSL votes, the PO would not have a Sejm majority, even though it easily accounts for the biggest political group in the sitting parliament.) On 21 April 2010, PSL announced that <mask> would be the party's official candidate for the 2010 presidential election. He received only 1.75% of the vote and didn't get into the second round.Personal life
<mask> is married and has