title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 over by a horse-drawn cart, then kicked in the face by the horse, and the contraction of typhoid in 1910 (age 17) seem to mark a turning point in <mask>'s life. His lifelong drug problems were born of the pain-killing medications he was taking as the result of his injuries. These issues manifested themselves in multiple suicide attempts.In 1911 he made a pact with a friend, Hanns Dietrich von Necker, to stage a duel to mask their suicides, feeling that the duel would be seen as more honorable. Hence the two young men formed their suicide pact. However, because of both boys' inexperience with weapons, it was a bungled affair. Dietrich missed <mask>, but <mask> did not miss Dietrich, killing him. <mask> was so distraught that he picked up Dietrich's gun and shot himself in the chest, but somehow survived. Nonetheless, the death of his friend ensured his status as an outcast from society. Although he was found innocent of murder by reason of insanity, from this point on he would undergo multiple stints in mental institutions.At one of these institutions, he was assigned to work in a farmyard, thus beginning his lifelong affinity for farm culture. Writing career and encounters with National Socialism
While in a sanatorium <mask> took to translation and poetry, albeit unsuccessfully, before finally breaking ground as a novelist in 1920 with the publication of his first book Der junge Goedeschal ("Young Goedeschal"). During this period he also struggled with morphine addiction, and the death of his younger brother in

masks: Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada


title: Hans Fallada

type: original

texts: the First World War. In the wake of the war, <mask> worked at several farmhand and other agricultural jobs in order to support himself and finance his growing drug addiction. While before the war <mask> relied on his father for financial support while writing, after the German defeat he was no longer able, or willing, to depend on his father's assistance. Shortly after the publication of Anton und Gerda <mask> reported to prison in Greifswald to serve a 6-month sentence for stealing grain from his employer and selling it to support his drug habit. Less than 3 years later, in 1926, <mask> again found himself imprisoned as a result of a drug and alcohol-fueled string of thefts from employers.In February 1928 he finally emerged free of addiction. <mask> married Anna "Suse" Issel in 1929 and maintained a string of respectable jobs in journalism, working for newspapers and eventually for the publisher of his novels, Rowohlt. It is around this time that his novels became noticeably political and started to comment on the social and economic woes of Germany. His breakthrough success came in 1930/1931 with A Small Circus (Bauern, Bonzen und Bomben; "Peasants, Bosses and Bombs") based on the history of the Rural People's Movement in Schleswig-Holstein and the farmers' protest and boycott of the town of Neumünster. Williams notes that <mask>'s 1930/31 novel "..established [him] as a promising literary talent as well as an author not afraid to tackle controversial issues". Martin Seymour-Smith said it is one of his best

masks: Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada


title: Hans Fallada

texts: novels, "it remains one of the most vivid and sympathetic accounts of a local revolt ever written." The great success of Kleiner Mann - was nun?(Little Man, What Now?) in 1932, while immediately easing his financial straits, was overshadowed by his anxiety over the rise of national socialism and a subsequent nervous breakdown. Although none of his work was deemed subversive enough to warrant action by the Nazis, many of his peers were arrested and interned, and his future as an author under the Nazi regime looked bleak. A German film of the book was made by Jewish producers at the end of 1932, and this earned <mask> closer attention by the rising Nazi Party. The film, unlike the US film of 1934, bore little resemblance to the novel, and was finally released after many cuts by the Nazi censors in mid-1933. These anxieties were compounded by the loss of a baby only a few hours after childbirth. However he was heartened by the great success of Little Man, What Now?in Great Britain and the United States, where the book was a bestseller. In the U.S., it was selected by the Book of the Month Club, and was even made into a Hollywood movie, Little Man, What Now? (1934). Meanwhile, as the careers, and in some cases the lives, of many of <mask>'s contemporaries were rapidly drawing to a halt, he began to draw some additional scrutiny from the government in the form of denunciations of his work by Nazi authors and publications, who also noted that he had not joined the Party. On Easter Sunday, 1933, he was jailed by the

masks: Fallada Fallada


title: Hans Fallada

texts: Gestapo for "anti-Nazi activities" after one such denunciation, but despite a ransacking of his home no evidence was found and he was released a week later. After Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933, <mask> had to make a few changes to the novel that removed anything that showed the Nazis in a bad light: a Sturmabteilung (SA) thug had to be turned into a soccer thug, for example, and the book stayed in print until 1941, after which war time paper shortages curtailed the printing of novels. In 2016, a complete edition was published in Germany that added about 100 pages to the original 400 pages in the 1932 edition.The cuts had been made with <mask>'s consent by his publisher Ernst Rowohlt. German reviewers agreed that the tone and the structure of the novel had not suffered from the cuts, but that the restored sections added 'colour and atmosphere,' such as a dream-like Robinson Crusoe island fantasy taking the main character away from his drab everyday life, a visit to the cinema to see a Charles Chaplin movie, and an evening at the Tanzpalast (Dance Palace). Although his 1934 novel Wir hatten mal ein Kind (Once We Had a Child) met with initially positive reviews, the official Nazi publication Völkischer Beobachter disapproved. In the same year, the Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda "recommended the removal of Little Man, What Now? from all public libraries". Meanwhile, the official campaign against <mask> was beginning to take a toll on the sales of his books, landing him in financial straits

masks: Fallada Fallada Fallada


title: Hans Fallada

texts: that precipitated another nervous breakdown in 1934. In September 1935 <mask> was officially declared an "undesirable author", a designation that banned his work from being translated and published abroad.His novel Old Heart Goes A-Journeying caused him problems with the Reich Literary Chamber because it had Christianity instead of Nazism as the unifier of the people. Although this order was repealed a few months later, it was at this point that his writing shifted from an artistic endeavor to merely a much needed source of income, writing "children's stories and harmless fairy tales" that would also conveniently avoid the unwanted attention of the Nazis. During this time the prospect of emigration held a constant place in <mask>'s mind, although he was reluctant because of his love of Germany. In 1937 the publication and success of Wolf unter Wölfen (Wolf Among Wolves) marked <mask>'s temporary return to his serious, realistic style. The Nazis read the book as a sharp criticism of the Weimar Republic, and thus naturally approved. Notably, Joseph Goebbels called it "a super book". Goebbels's interest in <mask>'s work would lead the writer to a world of worry: he would subsequently suggest the writer compose an anti-Semitic tract, and his praise indirectly resulted in <mask>'s commission to write a novel that would be the basis for a state-sponsored film charting the life of a German family up to 1933.The book, Der eiserne Gustav (), was a look at the deprivations and hardships brought on by World War I, but upon


title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 reviewing the manuscript Goebbels would suggest that <mask> stretch the time-line of the story to include the rise of the Nazis and their depiction as solving the problems of the War and Weimar. <mask> wrote several different versions before eventually capitulating under the pressure of both Goebbels and his depleted finances. Other evidence of his surrender to Nazi intimidation came in the form of forewords he subsequently wrote for two of his more politically ambiguous works, brief passages in which he essentially declared that the events in his books took place before the rise of the Nazis and were clearly "designed to placate the Nazi authorities". By the end of 1938, despite the deaths of several colleagues at the hands of the Nazis, <mask> finally reversed his decision to emigrate. His British publisher, George Putnam, had made arrangements and sent a private boat to whisk <mask> and his family out of Germany. According to Jenny Williams, <mask> had actually packed his bags and loaded them into the car when he told his wife he wanted to take one more walk around their smallholding. "When he returned some time later," Williams writes, "he declared that he could not leave Germany and that Suse should unpack."This seemingly abrupt change of plans coincided with an inner conviction that <mask> had long harbored. Years earlier he had confided to an acquaintance that: “I could never write in another language, nor live in any other place than Germany.”

World War II
<mask> once again dedicated himself to writing

masks: Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada Fallada


title: Hans Fallada

texts: children's stories and other non-political material suitable for the sensitive times. Nevertheless, with the German invasion of Poland in 1939 and the subsequent outbreak of World War II, life became still more difficult for <mask> and his family. War rations were the basis for several squabbles between his family and other members of his village. On multiple occasions neighbors reported his supposed drug addiction to authorities, threatening to reveal his history of psychological disturbances, a dangerous record indeed under the Nazi regime. The rationing of paper, which prioritized state-promoted works, was also an impediment to his career. Nevertheless, he continued to publish in a limited role, even enjoying a very brief window of official approval.This window closed abruptly near the end of 1943 with the loss of his 25-year publisher Rowohlt, who fled the country. It was also at this time that he turned to alcohol and extra-marital affairs to cope with, among other matters, the increasingly strained relationship with his wife. Furthermore, in 1943 he travelled to France and the Reichsgau Sudetenland as Sonderführer (B) by order of the so-called Reichsarbeitsdienst. In 1944, although their divorce was already finalized, a drunk <mask> and his wife were involved in an altercation in which a shot was fired by <mask>, according to Suse Ditzen in an interview she gave late in her life to biographer Jenny Williams. According to Suse Ditzen, she took the gun from her husband and hit him over the head with it


title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 before calling the police, who confined him to a psychiatric institution. (The police record of the call to the altercation makes no mention of shots being fired.) Throughout this period <mask> had one hope to cling to: the project he had concocted to put off Goebbels's demands that he write an anti-Semitic novel.It involved the novelization of "a famous fraud case involving two Jewish financiers in the nineteen twenties" which, because of its potential as propaganda, was supported by the government and had eased pressure on him as he worked on other, more sincere projects. Finding himself incarcerated in a Nazi insane asylum, he used this project as a pretext for obtaining paper and writing materials, saying he had an assignment to fulfill for Goebbels's office. This successfully forestalled more harsh treatment: the insane were regularly subjected to barbarous treatment by the Nazis, including physical abuse, sterilization, and even death. But rather than writing the anti-Jewish novel, <mask> used his allotment of paper to write — in a dense, overlapping script that served to encode the text — the novel The Drinker (Der Trinker), a deeply critical autobiographical account of life under the Nazis, and a short diary In meinem fremden Land (A Stranger in My Own Country). It was an act easily punishable by death, but he was not caught, and was released in December 1944 as the Nazi government began to crumble. Postwar life
Despite a seemingly successful reconciliation with his first wife, only a few months after


title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 his release he went on to marry the young, wealthy and attractive Ursula Losch, widow of the artist Kurt Losch, and moved in with her in Feldberg, Mecklenburg. Shortly after, the Soviets invaded the area.<mask>, as a celebrity, was asked to give a speech at a ceremony to celebrate the end of the war. Following this speech, he was appointed interim mayor of Feldberg for 18 months. The time in the mental institution had taken a toll on <mask>, and, deeply depressed by the seemingly impossible task of eradicating the vestiges of fascism that were now so deeply ingrained in society by the Nazi regime, he once again turned to morphine with his wife, and both soon ended up in hospital. He spent the brief remainder of his life in and out of hospitals and wards. Losch's addiction to morphine appears to have been even worse than <mask>'s, and her constantly mounting debts were an additional source of concern. <mask> wrote Jeder stirbt für sich allein (Every Man Dies Alone) between September and November 1946 (shortly before his death), whilst in a mental institution. He told his family that he had written "a great novel".Death and legacy
At the time of <mask>'s death in February 1947, aged 53, from a weakened heart from years of addiction to morphine, alcohol and other drugs, he had recently completed Every Man Dies Alone, an anti-fascist novel based on the true story of a German couple, Otto and Elise Hampel, who were executed for producing and distributing anti-Nazi material in Berlin during the war. According to Jenny


title: Hans Fallada

texts: Williams, he wrote the book in a "white heat"—a mere 24 days. <mask> died just weeks before the publication of this final novel. He was buried in Pankow, a borough of Berlin, but was later moved to Carwitz where he had lived from 1933 till 1944. After <mask>'s death, because of possible neglect and continuing addiction on the part of his second wife and sole heir, many of his unpublished works were lost or sold. <mask> remained a popular writer in Germany after his death. But, although Little Man, What Now?had been a great success in the United States and the UK, outside of Germany Fallada faded into obscurity for decades. In Germany, Every Man Dies Alone made a great impact. It was filmed for television in both East and West Germany. The novel was brought to the cinema screen in 1976, starring Hildegard Knef and Carl Raddatz. Fallada's fame in the English-speaking world grew when the American publisher Melville House Publishing reissued several Fallada titles, beginning in 2009 with Little Man, What Now?, The Drinker, and Every Man Dies Alone. Melville House licensed its edition and translation of Every Man Dies Alone to Penguin Classics in the UK, which published Fallada's last novel under the title  Alone in Berlin. In 2010, Melville House released Wolf Among Wolves in its first unexpurgated English translation.Other German writers who had quit the country when Hitler rose to power felt disgust for those such as <mask> who had remained, compromising their work under the Nazi regime. Most notable of these

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title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 critics was <mask>'s contemporary Thomas Mann, who had fled Nazi repression early on and lived abroad. He expressed harsh condemnation for writers like <mask>, who though opponents of Nazism made concessions which compromised their work. “It may be superstitious belief, but in my eyes, any books which could be printed at all in Germany between 1933 and 1945 are worse than worthless and not objects one wishes to touch. A stench of blood and shame attaches to them. They should all be pulped.”

The <mask> Prize, a literary prize awarded by the city of Neumünster, was named after the author. Works
English:
Little Man, What Now?(tr. Eric Sutton, 1933; tr. Susan Bennett, 1996)
Who Once Eats Out of the Tin Bowl (UK) / The World Outside (US) (tr. Eric Sutton, 1934) / Once a Jailbird (UK) (tr. Nicholas Jacobs and Gardis Cramer von Laue, 2012)
Once We Had a Child (tr. Eric Sutton, 1935)
An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying (tr. Eric Sutton, 1936)
Sparrow Farm (tr.Eric Sutton, 1937)
Wolf Among Wolves (tr. Phillip Owens, 1938; unabridged with additional tr. by Thorsten Carstensen and Nicholas Jacobs, 2010)
Iron Gustav (tr. Phillip Owens, 1940; unabridged with additional tr. Nicholas Jacobs and Gardis Cramer von Laue, 2014)
The Drinker (tr. Charlotte and A.L. Lloyd, 1952)
That Rascal, Fridolin (juvenile; tr.R. Michaelis-Jena and R. Ratcliff, 1959)
Every Man Dies Alone (US) / Alone in Berlin (UK) (tr. Michael Hofmann, 2009)
A Small Circus (tr. Michael Hofmann, 2012)
A Stranger in My Own Country: The 1944 Prison Diary (tr. Allan

masks:
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Fallada
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title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 Blunden, 2014)
Tales From the Underworld: Selected Shorter Fiction (ed. and tr. Michael Hoffman, 2014)
Nightmare in Berlin (tr. Allan Blunden, 2016)

Note: Translations made by E. Sutton and P. Owens in the 1930s and 40s were abbreviated and/or made from unreliable editions, according to Fallada biographer Jenny Williams.German:

Much of <mask>'s work is available in German at Projekt Gutenberg-DE Hans Fallada. Der junge Goedeschal, 1920
 Anton und Gerda, 1923
 Bauern, Bonzen und Bomben, 1931 (English: )
 Kleiner Mann, was nun?, 1932  (English: Little Man, What Now?) Wer einmal aus dem Blechnapf frißt, 1932 (English: Who Once Eats Out of the Tin Bowl / Once a Jailbird (UK))
 Wir hatten mal ein Kind, 1934 (English: Once We Had a Child)
 Märchen vom Stadtschreiber, der aufs Land flog, 1935 (English: Sparrow Farm)
 Altes Herz geht auf die Reise, 1936 (English: An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying)
 Hoppelpoppel - wo bist du?, Kindergeschichten, 1936
 Wolf unter Wölfen, 1937 (English: Wolf Among Wolves)
 Geschichten aus der Murkelei, Märchen, 1938
 Der eiserne Gustav, 1938 (English: Iron Gustav)
 Süßmilch spricht, 1938
 Kleiner Mann - großer Mann, alles vertauscht, 1939
 Süßmilch spricht. Ein Abenteuer von Murr und Maxe, Erzählung, 1939
 Der ungeliebte Mann, 1940
 Das Abenteuer des Werner Quabs, Erzählung, 1941
 Damals bei uns daheim, Erinnerungen, 1942
 Heute bei uns zu Haus, Erinnerungen, 1943
 Fridolin der freche Dachs, 1944 (English: That Rascal, Fridolin)
 Jeder stirbt für sich allein, 1947 (English: Every Man Dies


title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 Alone (US) / Alone in Berlin (UK))
 Der Alpdruck, 1947 (English: Nightmare in Berlin)
 Der Trinker, 1950 (English: The Drinker)
 Ein Mann will nach oben, 1953
 Die Stunde, eh´du schlafen gehst, 1954
 Junger Herr - ganz groß, 1965
  2005 (posthumously published)
 In meinem fremden Land: Gefängnistagebuch 1944 (ed. Jenny Williams & Sabine Lange 2009) (English: A Stranger in My Own Country: The 1944 Prison Diary)

Filmography
 Little Man, What Now?, directed by Fritz Wendhausen (Germany, 1933, based on the novel Little Man, What Now?) Little Man, What Now?, directed by Frank Borzage (1934, based on the novel Little Man, What Now?) , directed by  (Germany, 1938, based on the novel An Old Heart Goes A-Journeying), banned in Nazi Germany, released after World War II
 Heaven, We Inherit a Castle, directed by Peter Paul Brauer (Germany, 1943, based on the novel Kleiner Mann, großer Mann – alles vertauscht)

 , directed by  (Italy, 1960, TV miniseries, based on the novel Little Man, What Now?)Wer einmal aus dem Blechnapf frisst, directed by Fritz Umgelter (West Germany, 1962, TV miniseries, based on the novel Who Once Eats Out of the Tin Bowl)
 Jeder stirbt für sich allein, directed by Falk Harnack (West Germany, 1962, TV film, based on the novel Every Man Dies Alone)
 Wolf Among Wolves, directed by <mask>-Joachim Kasprzik (East Germany, 1965, TV miniseries, based on the novel Wolf Among Wolves)
 Der Trinker, directed by Dietrich Haugk (West Germany, 1967, TV film, based on the novel The Drinker)
 Kleiner Mann – was


title: Hans Fallada

texts: nun?, directed by <mask> Kasprzik (East Germany, 1967, TV miniseries, based on the novel Little Man, What Now?) Ausstellungskatalog (Literaturmuseum „Romantikerhaus“, 3. Juli bis 10. Oktober 2010), Stadtmuseum Jena (Dokumentation, Band 18), Jena 2010. Ulrich „Uli“ Ditzen: Mein Vater und sein Sohn. Aufbau, Berlin 2004, . Klaus Farin: <mask>.„… welche sind, die haben kein Glück“. Tilsner, München 1993 (= Taschenführer populäre Kultur 3), . Patricia Fritsch-Lange, Lutz Hagestedt (Hrsg. ): <mask>. Autor und Werk im Literatursystem der Moderne. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/Boston 2011, . Carsten Gansel, Werner Liersch (Hrsg.): <mask> und die literarische Moderne. V&R unipress, Göttingen 2009 (= Deutschsprachige Gegenwartsliteratur und Medien 6), . Sabine Koburger: Ein Autor und sein Verleger. <mask> und Ernst Rowohlt in Verlags- und Zeithorizonten. Belleville, München 2015 (= Theorie und Praxis der Interpretation 12), . Hannes Lamp: Fallada – Der Alp meines Lebens. Gundlach und Klamp 2007, .Sabine Lange: Fallada – Fall ad acta? Sozialistische Erbepflege und das Ministerium für Staatssicherheit. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2006. Werner Liersch: Fallada. Der Büchersammler, der Literaturkritiker, der Photographierte, der Missbrauchte. Individuell, Schöneiche bei Berlin 2005, . Cecilia von Studnitz: Ich bin nicht der, den Du liebst.Die frühen Jahre des <mask> in Berlin. Steffen, Friedland 2007, . Anja C. Schmidt-Ott: Young love – negotiations of the self and society in selected German novels of the 1930s (<mask>, Aloys

masks:
Hans Joachim
Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada


title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 Schenzinger, Maria Leitner, Irmgard Keun, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, Anna Gmeyner and Ödön von Horváth). Lang, Frankfurt am Main u. a. 2002 (= Europäische Hochschulschriften; Reihe 1, Deutsche Sprache und Literatur; 1835), . Geoff Wilkes: <mask>’s crisis novels 1931–1947. (= Australian and New Zealand studies in German language and literature.19). Lang, Bern u. a. 2002, . Jenny Williams: Mehr Leben als eins – <mask> – Biographie. Übersetzt aus dem Englischen von <mask> Oeser, Berlin 2011, . (erweiterte und aktualisierte Neuausgabe, im Anhang: u. a. ein Werkverzeichnis, Werke anderer Autoren und ein Literaturverzeichnis.) Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker: Der andere Fallada : eine Chronik des Leidens.Steffen-Verlag, Berlin 2014, . Karin Großmann (Sächsische Zeitung): Immer nah am Abgrund (PDF). Rowohlt Theaterverlag. (Gespräch mit dem Psychologen Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker: Es wird die Frage gestellt: „Wurde <mask>ada vergiftet? Der Psychologe Klaus-Jürgen Neumärker hat bisher unbekannte Krankenakten erforscht und bringt überraschende Fakten ans Licht“). Werner Liersch: Kleiner Mann – wohin? – Zerrissen, heimatlos, süchtig – wie der Schriftsteller <mask> in den Nachkriegsjahren lebte und starb.In: Berliner Zeitung– Onlineausgabe, 3 February 2007; retrieved, 2 December 2015. Gunnar Müller-Waldeck: <mask> – nach wie vor. Betrachtungen – Erinnerungen – Gespräche – biographische Splitter. Elmenhorst / Vorpommern: Edition Pommern 2016, . Notes

References
Williams, Jenny. More Lives than One: A Biography of <mask>, 1998. External

masks:
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Hans Fallada
Hans Christian
Hans Fall
Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada
Hans Fallada


title: Hans Fallada

texts:
 links

 Much of <mask>'s work is available in German at Projekt Gutenberg-DE Hans Fallada.<mask>, unofficial English-language website

Biography

1893 births
1947 deaths
20th-century German male writers
20th-century German novelists
German male novelists
People acquitted of murder
People from Greifswald
People from the Province of Pomerania
Reich Labour Service members
Writers from Mecklenburg-Western

masks:
Fallada
Hans Fallada


title: Jean-Boniface Assélé

texts:
Jean-<mask> (born 9 February 1939) is a Gabonese politician and the President of the Circle of Liberal Reformers (CLR). He served in the government of Gabon from 1975 to 1990 and again from 2004 to 2009. He was also Commander-in-Chief of the National Police Forces from 1970 to 1989 and held the rank of General. Since September 2009, <mask> has been the Fourth Vice-President of the Senate of Gabon. Police command and government service during single-party rule
<mask> was born in Akiéni. From 1970 to 1989, he was Commander-in-Chief of the National Police Forces; also during that period, he served as High Commissioner at the Presidency from 1974 to 1975 and was appointed as Secretary of State for Information in 1975. He was then appointed as Minister of National Education later in 1975, and he was retained in the government as Minister of National Education, Youth, Sports and Leisure on 13 July 1977.In 1980 he was moved to the position of Minister of Public Works. At the Third Extraordinary Congress of the Gabonese Democratic Party (PDG) in early March 1983, <mask> was elected to the PDG Central Committee. For years, Assélé was a brother-in-law of President Omar Bongo as the brother of Bongo's wife Joséphine Kama. He is said to have used his position as head of police to keep watch on his sister and report her "indiscretions" to Bongo. Bongo and Joséphine divorced in 1988. Although Assélé was considered a "long-time and trusted ally" of Bongo, Léon Ossiali was appointed to replace him as Commander-in-Chief of the National Police Forces on 12 January 1989. His removal from that key position was interpreted by some observers as a consequence of Bongo's divorce; another explanation attributed it to a leaflet campaign by the exiled opposition group MORENA, which had smuggled the leaflets into Gabon.Despite being removed from his police command, <mask> remained in his post as Minister of Public Works at that time. After ten years as Minister of Public Works, he was instead appointed as Minister of

masks:
Boniface Assélé
Assélé
Assélé
Assélé
Assélé


title: Jean-Boniface Assélé

texts:
 Water and Forests in February 1990, but he only held that position until April 1990, when he was dismissed from the government. Political career after 1990
<mask> was elected to the National Assembly in the 1990 parliamentary election. Together with other members of the PDG, <mask> split from the ruling party in late 1992 and formed the Circle of Liberal Reformers; as a result, he and two others were expelled from the PDG in December 1992. He and the CLR nevertheless allied with the PDG and supported Bongo's candidacy in the December 1993 presidential election. <mask> remained in the National Assembly until the end of the parliamentary term in 1996, and he was re-elected to the National Assembly in the December 1996 parliamentary election, winning the second seat from the Third Arrondissement of Libreville. In the National Assembly, <mask> was President of the Center of Democrats (CDD) Parliamentary Group, and subsequently he was President of the Group of Republican Democrats (GDR) Parliamentary Group.He was also the Mayor of the Third Arrondissement of Libreville. Return to the government (2004–2009)
On 5 September 2004, after 14 years out of the government, <mask> was appointed as Minister of Labor and Employment; as a result he had to step down as Mayor of the Third Arrondissement due to incompatibility of functions. Nevertheless, he was not immediately replaced in his post as Mayor and the situation was somewhat confused; <mask> continued to sign municipal acts due to the lack of a replacement, although the legality of this was unclear. In 2005, after Zacharie Myboto criticized Bongo in his book J'accuse, Assélé published Incroyable!, a book written in response to J'accuse, criticizing Myboto. <mask> backed Bongo in the November 2005 presidential election and participated in his campaign team as President of the Security Commission. Following Bongo's re-election, <mask> was moved to the post of Minister of the Civil Service, Administrative Reform, and the Modernization of the State on 21

masks: Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé


title: Jean-Boniface Assélé

texts: January 2006. In the December 2006 parliamentary election, <mask> ran for re-election to the second seat from the Third Arrondissement; he was initially declared the winner, but the opposition Union of the Gabonese People (UPG) protested that.On 27 December 2006, the Constitutional Court invalidated <mask>'s victory and declared UPG candidate Bernadette Bourobou Koumba the winner with 41.85% of the vote; the results from some polling stations were invalidated because of fraud. <mask> had been continuously elected to that seat since 1990, and his defeat there, in what was considered his stronghold, was viewed as a possible sign of the CLR's declining fortunes. After the Constitutional Court declared Koumba the winner, <mask> called on his supporters to remain calm and refrain from violence or disorder, stressing that Gabon was a state of law; he said that he would appeal to the Constitutional Court for the annulment of the results in his constituency due to irregularities. Following a partial election re-run in June 2007, <mask> expressed anger towards other parties of the Presidential Majority, believing that they were not treating the CLR properly, and he threatened to leave the Presidential Majority. His ministerial portfolio was modified on 28 December 2007, when he was appointed as Minister of the Civil Service and the Modernization of the State. <mask> was instead appointed as Minister of Communication, Posts, Telecommunications, and New Information Technologies on 4 February 2008, taking office on 7 February. He represented Gabon at a summit of the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) in Kinshasa on 10 March 2008.He was subsequently moved to the position of Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation on 7 October 2008. On 25 March 2008, <mask> announced his candidacy for the position of Mayor of Libreville as part of the April 2008 local election. In that election, he headed the CLR's candidate list in the Third Arrondissement. After the election, the opposition challenged

masks: Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé


title: Jean-Boniface Assélé

texts:
 the results in the Third Arrondissement, but its appeal was rejected by the Constitutional Court. Political activities since 2009
<mask> served in the government for over four years before being dismissed on 14 January 2009. Protesting his exclusion from the government, <mask> called a meeting of the CLR leadership and decided that it was necessary to take steps to increase the party's national prominence; accordingly, he asked that all the party's elected officials refuse to accept secondary positions that were "detrimental to the honor of the party". As a CLR candidate in the Third Arrondissement of Libreville, <mask> was elected as a Senator in the 18 January 2009 Senate election.He was subsequently elected as the Fourth Vice-President of the Senate on 16 February 2009. Assélé was not present for the election of members of the Bureau of the Senate. Because the CLR leadership had already agreed that Assélé would not accept any post in the Bureau of the Senate below that of Third Vice-President, Assélé sent a letter to Senate President Rose Francine Rogombé on 17 February, notifying her that he declined the post of the Fourth Vice-President. After more than 41 years in power, Omar Bongo died on 8 June 2009. Assélé then urged the parties of the Presidential Majority to unite behind a single candidate for the August 2009 presidential election. The PDG selected Ali Bongo as its candidate; as Ali was a son of Omar Bongo and Joséphine Kama, Assélé was his maternal uncle. Unlike many other leaders of the Presidential Majority, who defected to run their own candidacies or back opposition candidates, Assélé strongly supported Bongo.When the PDG officially launched its campaign in mid-August 2009, Assélé was present for the occasion and declared that the PDG's "true friends" were there, suggesting that false friends were exposed by their absence. At a rally for Bongo in the Third Arrondissement on 27 August, he denounced André Mba Obame, who had left the PDG to run as an independent candidate. The

masks: Assélé Assélé Assélé


title: Jean-Boniface Assélé

texts:
 Senate held another vote for the position of Fourth Vice-President on 15 September 2009, and <mask> was again elected to the post, receiving 80% of the vote. <mask> accepted the post on that occasion, despite his refusal earlier in the year. Bongo won the presidential election with about 42% of the vote, according to official results, but the opposition alleged fraud and appealed to the Constitutional Court in September 2009. One of the minor opposition candidates, Luc Bengone Nsi of MORENA, filed an appeal based on an accusation that Ali Bongo was an adoptive rather than natural son of Omar Bongo and that he was a Nigerian by birth; because Bongo was born outside of Gabon (in Brazzaville), he would be ineligible for the Presidency if he were not born to Gabonese parents. On 18 September, Assélé reacted furiously to Bengone Nsi's claim and announced plans to sue him over the matter—"To say ... that my nephew is of Nigerian origin is pure defamation"—while vouching for the accuracy of the official version of Bongo's birth: "I affirm that Mr. Ali Bongo Ondimba was born in Brazzaville to father Albert-Bernard Bongo and mother Kama Joséphine in 1959."In early 2010, the CLR under <mask>'s leadership was one of the only significant parties  to remain allied with the PDG as part of the Presidential Majority. He led a delegation of political parties supporting President Bongo at a meeting with the latter on 15 December 2010 to discuss the forthcoming parliamentary election and other matters. <mask> participated in the 2017 national political dialogue as a representative of the majority supporting President Bongo. At the time he was Deputy Mayor of Libreville. At the dialogue he acted one of the majority's two vice-presidents. References

1939 births
Living people
People from Haut-Ogooué Province
Gabonese Democratic Party politicians
Centre of Liberal Reformers politicians
Government ministers of Gabon
Members of the Senate of Gabon
Members of the National Assembly of Gabon
21st-century Gabonese

masks: Assélé Assélé Assélé Assélé


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts:
<mask> (January 11, 1908 – March 1, 1982) was an American physicist and historian. Biography

<mask><mask>nd was an undergraduate at the Case School for Applied Sciences from 1925–1929 and received his master's degree in 1933. He completed his Ph.D. degree in 1935 for work on photon scattering with Arthur Compton at the University of Chicago. His other research included work on the ionosphere and standard frequency regulations from 1929–1930 with the US National Bureau of Standards, and worked in England on sonar for submarine warfare early in World War II. <mask>nd's report on the Albert A. Michelson's Irvine Ranch experiments was published in 1953. In the British journal Nature, <mask>nd gave the historical background of how Einstein formulates the first two principles, in 1905, of the special theory of relativity from the Michelson–Morley experiment. <mask>nd believed that the accepted direct explanation for the Michelson–Morley experiment is provided by the special theory of relativity given by Einstein in 1905.<mask>nd recorded that Michelson's Santa Ana trip was to look at the science of the aether. After completing graduate studies he joined the faculty at Case School for Applied Sciences.

masks:
Robert Sherwood Shankland
Robert S
. Shankla
Shankla
Shankla
Shankla
Shankla


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts:
 In 1941 he succeeded Dayton C. Miller as the <mask> Professor of Physics at Case, a position he held until his retirement in 1976. <mask>nd worked on neutrino experiments with Argonne National Laboratory from 1953–1969, and had other interests including the history of relativity and architectural acoustics. He collaborated with <mask>, the director of the Cleveland Orchestra, to improve the acoustics of Severance Hall, making it easier for musicians to hear each other on the stage. <mask>nd's father, Frank North <mask>nd, was the author of "Modern Romances" and several books on birds and animals. In 1929 <mask>nd married Hilda Catherine Kinneson.They had five children: Ruth Ellen, Dorothy Margaret, Lois Virginia, Ava Gertrude, and <mask>, and 14 grandchildren. Hilda died in 1970 and he married Eleanor Newlin. <mask>nd was a passionate outdoorsman and a knowledgeable collector of iron animal traps and Native American artifacts. Analysis of the Miller experiment

Beginning in 1952, <mask>nd led a team that performed an analysis of Dayton Miller's interferometric results, and concluded that Miller's reported positive ether drift was likely caused by thermal fluctuations, and that, when this is

masks:
Ambrose Swasey
Shankla
George Szell
Shankla
Shankla
Shankla
Sherwood Jean
Shankla
Shankla


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts: taken into account, the results were consistent with special relativity. <mask>nd's explanation is now accepted by most mainstream scientists. In 1925–1926, Dayton Miller performed interferometric observations at Mount Wilson, similar to the Michelson–Morley experiment, that appeared to reflect a measurable drift of the Earth through the luminiferous aether, in apparent contradiction with other experiments of that type and with relativity's prediction that no aether should be observable. In 1955, <mask>nd published a paper analyzing Miller's data, arguing that "the small periodic fringe displacements found by Miller are due in part to statistical fluctuations in the readings of the fringe positions in a very difficult experiment" and "the remaining systematic effects are ascribed to local temperature conditions."Moreover, he argues that the thermal gradients responsible for the effects "were much more troublesome at Mount Wilson than those encountered by experimenters elsewhere, including Miller himself in his work done at Case in Cleveland." In a 1973 review paper on the experimental development of relativity, <mask>nd included an August 31, 1954 letter to him by Einstein agreeing with his

masks: Shankla Shankla Shankla


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts:
 analysis. (<mask>nd had sent Einstein a manuscript prior to its publication.) Einstein wrote:

I thank you very much for sending me your careful study about the Miller experiments. Those experiments, conducted with so much care, merit, of course, a very careful statistical investigation. This is more so as the existence of a not trivial positive effect would affect very deeply the fundament of theoretical physics as it is presently accepted. You have shown convincingly that the observed effect is outside the range of accidental deviations and must, therefore, have a systematic cause.You made it quite probable that this systematic cause has nothing to do with "ether-wind," but has to do with differences of temperature of the air traversed by the two light bundles which produced the bands of interference. Such an effect is indeed practically inevitable if the walls of the laboratory room have a not negligible difference in temperature. It is one of the cases where the systematic errors are increasing quickly with the dimension of the apparatus. In <mask>nd's re-analysis, no statistically significant signal for the existence of aether was found. The analysis is accepted by mainstream physicists,

masks: Shankla Shankla


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts:
 the abandonment of the concept of the aether is nearly universal, and Miller's observed signal is believed the result of experimenter's bias; the "signal" that Miller observed in 1933 is actually composed of points that are an average of several hundred measurements each, and the magnitude of the signal is more than 10 times smaller than the resolution with which the measurements were recorded. Though Maurice Allais and James DeMeo do not accept <mask>nd's refutation and hold to the belief that Miller's experiment invalidates the theory of relativity, Einstein's theory is today regarded by most physicists as proven, based largely on the vastly more accurate repetitions of Miller's measurements made using modern optical technology by numerous independent researchers that have shown conclusively that Miller's reported positive signal was spurious. Miller's data, and <mask>nd's analysis of it, are now of only historical interest.External links and references

 AIP International Catalog of Sources, summary of <mask><mask>nd audio archive. James DeMeo, "Dayton Miller's Ether-Drift Experiments: A Fresh Look"
 Allais, Maurice, "The experiments of Dayton C. Miller (1925–1926) and the Theory of

masks:
Shankla
Shankla
Robert S
. Shankla


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts:
 Relativity". 21st century – Science & Technology. Spring 1998. "The experiments by Dayton C Miller (1925–1926) and relativity theory". (German)
 Allais, Maurice, "Very significant regularities in the interferometric observations of Dayton C. Miller 1925–1926". French Academy of Sciences, January 23, 1997.Allais, Maurice, "New very significant regularities in the interferometric observations of Dayton C. Miller 1925–1926". French Academy of Sciences, April 26, 1999. Allais, Maurice, "The origin of the very significant regularities displayed in the interferometric observations of Dayton C. Miller 1925–1926: temperatures effects or space anisotropy?". French Academy of Sciences, December 2000
 "The Effect of solar motion upon the fringe-shifts in a Michelson-Morley interferometer a la Miller". Annales de la Fondation Louis de Broglie, Volume 27 no 3, 2002 463. (PDF)
 "The Michelson Speed of Light Experiment at the Irvine Ranch"
 Time and Eternity – Chapter1
 Time : The Scientific Account
 R. S<mask>nd, S. W. McCuskey, F. C. Leone, and G. Kuerti, "New analysis of the interferometric observations of Dayton C. Miller," Rev. Mod.Phys. 27, 167–178 (1955). R. S<mask>, "Michelson's role in the

masks:
. Shankla
. Shankland


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts:
 development of relativity," Applied Optics 12 (10), 2280 (1973). Appendix: partial list of <mask>nd's publications

 R. S<mask>nd, "An apparent failure of the photon theory of scattering," Phys. Rev. 49, 8–13 (1936). R. S<mask>, J. W. Coltman, "Departure of overtones of vibrating wire from true harmonic series," J. Acoust.Soc. Am. 10 (3), 161–166 (1939). R. S<mask>nd, "Analysis of pulses by means of harmonic analyzer," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 12 (3), 383–386 (1941).E. W<mask>, R. S<mask>, "Sound field of Straubel X-cut crystal," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 22 (5), 589–592 (1950). R. S<mask>, S. W. McCuskey, F. C. Leone, and G. Kuerti, "New analysis of the interferometric observations of Dayton C. Miller," Rev. Mod. Phys.27, 167–178 (1955). H. J. Ormestad, R. S<mask>, A. H. Benade, "Reverberation time characteristics of Severance Hall," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 32 (3), 371–375 (1960). R. S<mask>, Atomic and Nuclear Physics (Macmillan: New York, 1960). R. S<mask>, "Michelson-Morley experiment," Am.J. Phys. 32 (1), 16–35 (1964). R. S<mask>nd, "Quality of reverberation," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 43 (3), 426–430 (1968). R. S<mask>, ed., Scientific Papers of Arthur Holly Compton, (University of Chicago Press: Chicago,

masks:
Shankla
. Shankla
. Shankland
. Shankla
. Samuel
. Shankland
. Shankland
. Shankland
. Shankland
. Shankland
. Shankla
. Shankland


title: Robert S. Shankland

texts:
 1973).R. S<mask>, "Michelson's role in the development of relativity," Applied Optics 12 (10), 2280 (1973). R. S<mask>nd, "Conversations with Einstein," American Journal of Physics 41 (7), 895–901 (1973). R. S<mask>nd, "Acoustics of Greek theaters," Physics Today 26 (10), 30 (1973). R. S<mask>, "Michelson and his interferometer," Physics Today 27 (4), 37 (1974)
 R. S<mask>nd, "Michelson: America's first Nobel-prize winner in science," Bulletin of the American Physical Society 21 (4), 601–602 (1976). R. S<mask>nd, "Architectural Acoustics in America to 1930," J. Acoust. Soc. Am.61 (2), 250–254 (1977). R. S<mask>, "Acoustical designing for performers," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65 (1), 140–144 (1979). R. S<mask>, "Einstein, Albert — In Remembrance," Biography — An Interdisciplinary Quarterly 2 (3), 190–200 (1979)

1908 births
1982 deaths
20th-century American physicists
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Case Western Reserve University faculty
People from Willoughby, Ohio
University of Chicago

masks:
. Shankland
. Shankla
. Shankla
. Shankland
. Shankla
. Shankla
. Shankland
. Shankland


title: Patrick van Aanholt

texts:
<mask> (; born 29 August 1990) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a left-back for  club Galatasaray and the Netherlands national team. He began his professional career at Chelsea, where he was used sparingly, spending time on loan at five other clubs. He joined Sunderland for around £1.5 million in 2014 and was transferred to Crystal Palace in January 2017, for a fee rising to £14 million. Van Aanholt represented the Netherlands at numerous youth levels before making his full international debut in 2013. He played for the senior side at UEFA Euro 2020. Early life
<mask> was born in 's-Hertogenbosch to parents from Curaçao. He is the cousin of fellow Dutch international Leroy Fer.Club career

Chelsea
Van <mask> joined Chelsea's youth ranks in 2007, making his professional debut while on loan at Coventry City on 9 August 2009 in a 2–1 Football League Championship win over Ipswich Town. He was later recalled to Chelsea in December due to the exit of many players due to the African Nations Cup. <mask> was first selected for Chelsea in an FA Cup tie away to Preston North End in the 2009–10 edition of the Cup, wearing the squad number 52, but did not make an appearance, remaining on the bench. He made his Chelsea debut on 24 March 2010 in a 0–5 away win at Portsmouth, replacing Yuri Zhirkov at left-back after 71 minutes. He then made his home debut, on 27 March 2010, against Aston Villa in a 7–1 victory, again as a substitute. On 29 January 2010, Van Aanholt joined Newcastle United on a one-month loan deal after regular left back José Enrique suffered an injury. He provided cover for the Spaniard, sustaining Newcastle's

masks:
Patrick John Miguel van Aanholt
Van Aanholt
Aanholt
Van Aanholt


title: Patrick van Aanholt

texts:
 productive left flank alongside Jonás Gutiérrez.Van Aanholt played his last game in the 1–2 away victory at Watford. Van Aanholt scored his first career goal on 22 September 2010 in the 4–3 defeat to former club Newcastle in the League Cup. On 26 January 2011, he joined Leicester City on loan until the end of the season. He made his debut in a 1–0 win over Sheffield United on 1 February 2011, and suffered a torn muscle in his thigh at the end of the month after playing six games. Van Aanholt scored his first senior league goal in a 4–0 victory over Burnley on 9 April 2011. On transfer deadline day, 31 August 2011, <mask> signed for Wigan Athletic on a season-long loan deal. <mask>'s loan spell, originally a season-long arrangement, was later terminated by mutual consent between all three parties.During this uneventful loan spell, Van Aanholt played three league matches and one League Cup tie for the Latics, but did not feature in their first team after 1 October. Vitesse (loan spells)

On 6 January 2012, Van Aanholt returned to Chelsea during a season-long loan at Wigan. Nine days later, he signed for Dutch club Vitesse on loan until the end of the season, alongside fellow Chelsea teammates Tomáš Kalas and Ulises Dávila. On 11 July 2012, Van Aanholt rejoined Vitesse on a new loan deal for the 2012–13 season. On 7 July 2013, the Vitesse loan deal was extended for the 2013–14 season. He made his first start of the 2013–14 season in a 1–1 first leg draw away at Petrolul Ploiești in the UEFA Europa League, a match in which he was booked in the 86th minute. He went on to start eight of the next nine league fixtures for Vitesse,

masks:
Van Aanholt
Van Aanholt


title: Patrick van Aanholt

texts:
 four-year deal, keeping him at the club until the year 2020. 2016–17 season
On 13 August 2016, in the opening game of the season, Van Aanholt conceded an early penalty, as Sunderland fell to a 2–1 defeat at Manchester City. He scored his first goal of the season on 21 August 2016 in a 1–2 Premier League defeat to Middlesbrough On 1 October, he came off the bench to score a late equaliser in a 1–1 draw at home to West Brom. Van Aanholt scored his third goal of the season on 17 December to give Sunderland a 1–0 home win against Watford.Crystal Palace
On 30 January 2017, it was confirmed that <mask> had moved to Crystal Palace on a four-and-a-half-year deal for an initial fee of £9 million, rising to £14 million, rejoining his former Sunderland manager Sam Allardyce. He was given the number 3 shirt. <mask> made his first appearance for Palace in a 2–0 win at Bournemouth on 31 January. His home debut, a 0–4 loss to former club Sunderland at Selhurst Park, came four days later. On 25 February 2017, Van Aanholt scored his first goal for Crystal Palace in a 1–0 victory against relegation rivals Middlesbrough. On 24 August 2019, <mask> scored a last minute winner against Manchester United in an away game which Crystal Palace won 2–1. Van Aanholt became the first away player to score a last minute winner at Old Trafford in the Premier League.On 16 July 2020, Van Aanholt suffered a dislocated shoulder while playing in a Premier League match against Manchester United. He received oxygen and was taken off of the pitch on a stretcher. The injury was expected to keep him out of action for up to two months and into the following season.

masks:
Van Aanholt
Van Aanholt
Van Aanholt


title: Patrick van Aanholt

texts:
 Galatasaray
On 28 July 2021, Galatasaray announced the signing of Van Aanholt on three-year free transfer deal. International career
On 19 November 2013, Van Aanholt won his first senior cap for the Netherlands in a friendly match against Colombia, coming on in injury time for Memphis Depay in a 0–0 draw at the Amsterdam Arena. In September 2017, Van Aanholt was called up to the Curaçao national football team for a friendly against Qatar, but he did not make an appearance. As all his international appearances for the Netherlands had been in friendly matches, he was still eligible to represent Curaçao.He was included in Ronald Koeman's first starting line up when the Netherlands took on England on 23 March 2018 in a friendly international. Career statistics

Club

International

References

External links

 <mask> Aanholt at Voetbal International

1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from 's-Hertogenbosch
Dutch footballers
Netherlands youth international footballers
Netherlands under-21 international footballers
Netherlands international footballers
Association football fullbacks
Chelsea F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
SBV Vitesse players
Sunderland A.F.C.players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Galatasaray S.K. footballers
Premier League players
English Football League players
Eredivisie players
Süper Lig players
UEFA Euro 2020 players
Dutch expatriate footballers
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Dutch people of


title: Cerys Matthews

texts:
<mask>  (; born 11 April 1969) is a Welsh singer, songwriter, author, and broadcaster. She was a founding member of Welsh rock band Catatonia and a leading figure in the "Cool Cymru" movement of the late 1990s. <mask> programmes and hosts a weekly music show on BBC Radio 6 Music, a weekly blues show on BBC Radio 2, and a monthly show on the BBC World Service. She also makes documentaries for television and radio and is a roving reporter for The One Show. She founded 'The Good Life Experience', a festival of culture and the great outdoors in Flintshire in 2014, with Charlie and Caroline Gladstone and is author of Hook, Line and  Singer published by Penguin Books and children's stories Tales from the Deep and Gelert, A Man's Best Friend, published by Gomer. Early life
<mask> was born in Cardiff, the second of four children. The family moved to Swansea when she was seven.She went to Bryn Y Mor Welsh language school until 11 years of age, then attended St Michael's School, Llanelli. She then attended Ysgol Bro Gwaun comprehensive school when she lived in the Pembrokeshire village of Trefin and Bryanston School, an independent school in Dorset, England. She is fluent in English, Welsh, Spanish, and French. She has cited her childhood heroes as being Pippi Longstocking and writers William Butler Yeats and Dylan Thomas. She learned to play the guitar at the age of nine, sang Welsh folk songs and taught herself traditional songs from all over the globe including blues and Irish folk

masks:
Cerys Matthews
Matthews
Matthews


title: Cerys Matthews

texts:
 songs. She was a member of the West Glamorgan Youth Orchestra. She had a stint in Spain as a nanny, where she learned to speak Catalan.Career

Catatonia

Catatonia were formed in 1992, after <mask> met Mark Roberts. She subsequently sang lead vocals on, and co-wrote the music and lyrics for, the band's hits. Songs she co-wrote included "You've Got a Lot to Answer For", "Mulder and Scully", "Dead from the Waist Down", and "Road Rage". <mask> also played guitar on the earlier material before second guitarist Owen Powell joined the band. She also performed a single with the band Space named "The Ballad of Tom Jones", which tells the story of two lovers who want to kill each other, but then hear a Tom Jones song that defuses their homicidal feelings. <mask> later collaborated with Jones to record a version of Frank Loesser's "Baby, It's Cold Outside" on Jones' 1999 album Reload. <mask> was voted the "Sexiest Female in Rock" in a 1999 readers' poll in the now defunct magazine Melody Maker.After Catatonia's rise to fame with their second album International Velvet, and subsequent success with Equally Cursed and Blessed, the band returned in 2001 with their fourth studio album Paper Scissors Stone. In September 2001 the band officially split. 2000s
<mask> joined the Pet Shop Boys on the Pyramid Stage at Glastonbury in June 2000, performing a duet of their hit "What Have I Done to Deserve This?". In December 2001, she returned to the recording studio for the first time since Catatonia

masks: Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews


title: Cerys Matthews

texts: split up. She recorded a song in both English and Welsh for the pre-school cartoon series Sali Mali. She provided guest vocals on the track "Cyclops Rock", from US alternative rock band They Might Be Giants 2001 album Mink Car. Her line was originally supposed to be provided by Joe Strummer of the Clash.<mask> went on to co-write "Gypsy Song" with Strummer on her Cockahoop album released by Rough Trade in 2003. <mask> moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 2001. On her arrival she began playing with Bucky Baxter, who had played lap steel guitar for Bob Dylan and Ryan Adams. She had already collected seventy-six traditional folk songs with the idea of making an album of folk covers. Her debut album, Cockahoop, ended up consisting mainly of her own songs. It was recorded in seven months and appeared on Blanco y Negro Records in the United Kingdom in May 2003. Whilst recording this album she met Seth Riddle, whom she married in Pembrokeshire on 22 February 2003.She toured the album around Britain with minimal promotion as she was several months pregnant at the time. The album's Stateside Records release followed in October 2004. In December 2005, <mask> recorded a version of Len Barry's 1960s UK and US top 10 hit "1-2-3" in Nashville. She released it as a download-single with all profits going to a children's charity. In early 2006, <mask> introduced material from her then upcoming album at SXSW in Austin, Texas. In 2006, <mask> conducted a short tour of the UK to promote her second solo

masks: Cerys Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews


title: Cerys Matthews

texts:
 album, Never Said Goodbye. The album was preceded by the single "Open Roads".Band members included Kevin Teel on guitar, Ben Elkins playing keyboards, Mason Neely on drums, and Jeff Irwin playing bass. She headlined Cardiff's Big Weekend festival. During September and October 2006, <mask> embarked on a UK and Ireland tour, during which she played tracks from her first two solo albums as well as three Catatonia hits. She also embarked upon a short acoustic Welsh tour in November 2006 before returning to Nashville for Christmas. <mask> appeared on the 2007 series of ITV's I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!, which aired from 12 to 30 November. She was voted off one day before the final episode, coming fourth behind Jason "J" Brown, Janice Dickinson and eventual winner Christopher Biggins. <mask> became involved with fellow contestant Marc Bannerman after the show, but they split four months later.<mask> appeared at the live Guilty Pleasures concert at the Hackney Empire, London in 2007. She performed the Bonnie Tyler hit "Total Eclipse of the Heart" and the Dolly Parton/Kenny Rogers duet "Islands in the Stream" along with Terry Hall and the BBC Concert Orchestra

In an interview on the eve of the launch of her Welsh mini-album Awyren = Aeroplane, <mask> confirmed she had divorced from Riddle and temporarily moved back to her farm in Pembrokeshire. Awyren = Aeroplane won her the 'Contemporary Composition' award in the National Eisteddfod. The award had been resurrected and


title: Cerys Matthews

texts: presented for the first time since 1936. In 2007 <mask> became Vice-President of the Welsh homelessness charity Shelter Cymru. She also accepted a role of Performing Arts Ambassador for Linden Lodge School, Wimbledon in the same year. <mask> joined the Welsh band Manic Street Preachers onstage at The O2 on 28 February 2008 to sing the female vocals of their 2007 hit "Your Love Alone Is Not Enough".She replaced Nina Persson in both the awards ceremony (within indigO2) and at the following 'Big Gig' live show (within The O2 Arena). From November 2008, <mask> sat in for Stephen Merchant and Marc Riley on BBC 6 Music and went on to present George Lamb's slot in April 2009. In May 2009 she presented show A Month of Sundays With... <mask> <mask>. She then covered for Nemone on 6 Music from July 2009 while Nemone was on maternity leave. <mask> began maternity leave from November 2009 and had to finish presenting the show a month early. In April 2010, <mask> returned to 6 Music to present a weekend show on Sunday mornings. She produces and presents radio documentaries and shows, including Hook Line and Singer, where she shared her love of fishing on Radio 4.<mask> released her first CD in two years in October 2009. The album, titled Don't Look Down, was released in two versions, one in English and the other in Welsh (the title of the Welsh edition was Paid Edrych i Lawr). It was recorded in Providence, Rhode Island, Nashville, Seattle and London, and coincided with a two-week UK tour in

masks: Matthews Matthews Matthews Cerys Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews


title: Cerys Matthews

texts:
 October. Since 2010
<mask> has covered Glastonbury Festival for both BBC Television and BBC 6 Music, she wrote and presented a BBC Two programme on poetry and presented TV documentaries on singer Dorothy Squires, the Mississippi River and Cuba. She wrote and presented a documentary on early blues players such as Memphis Minnie, children's character Pippi Longstocking, Mahalia Jackson and the celebrated British blues label 'Blue Horizon'. She has presented a documentary for BBC Radio 2 on Maida Vale studios. She frequently contributes to BBC Radio 4 programmes such as Feedback, Frontrow, Loose Ends and Saturday Live, also writing a column for world music magazine Songlines.She has curated festivals for the Tate Modern, the Shetland theatre and Womex. In 2010, <mask> released Tir (in Welsh: 'territory' or 'land'), a collection of traditional Welsh songs, and of photographs from her family archive from the 1880s to 1940s of people at work and play. They included "Calon Lân", "Cwm Rhondda", "Migldi-Magldi" (sung as a duet with Bryn Terfel), "Myfanwy" and "Sosban Fach". This is the third release on her own label, Rainbow City. Explorer is  <mask>' fourth solo album (2011). In both selecting and writing the songs she delved into the influence of both the music she has heard round the globe, and the places she had visited. Recorded over seven days, the album from the outset had no pre-determined sound or calculated format.On the album she incorporates a little Spanish, Scottish, Irish,

masks: Matthews Matthews Matthews


title: Cerys Matthews

texts: Welsh, and American sensibilities, styles, and genres. In April 2011, a video was released through <mask>' official YouTube Page of the lead single from Explorer, "Sweet Magnolia". <mask> played the Isle of Wight and Hay festivals in 2012, the latter with a Woody Guthrie tribute show, and collaborated with artists such as Arun Ghosh, Tunde Jegede, Attab Haddad, Frank Moon and the London Bulgarian Choir. 2012 also saw her play music from her collection of Welsh traditional songs Tir, with Ballet Cymru, ending in a show in Sadler's Wells, and a nomination for a Theatre Critics Award 2012. She produced and arranged Christmas album Baby, It's Cold Outside (2012) to much acclaim, recognised by the Sunday Times as an "essential seasonal album". <mask> played UK literary festivals including Dartington, Chester, Hay and Edinburgh and released an album of traditional Welsh reels and songs, Hullabaloo. <mask> sang Patsy Cline's "Crazy" and Dylan's "Blowin' in the Wind" as part of the memorial service for esteemed War correspondent Marie Colvin, in May 2012.<mask> appeared as a celebrity guest mentor on the first series of the UK version of The Voice for Tom Jones's Team broadcast. In 2014, <mask> co-founded an interactive festival, The Good Life Experience, with Charlie and Caroline Gladstone, held every September on the Gladstone estate in Hawarden, Flintshire near the Cheshire border. It is a festival which celebrates the great outdoors, with abseiling, campfires, axe throwing, foraging,

masks: Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews


title: Cerys Matthews

texts:
 talk on survival,  as well as cultural activities, crafts, books and music. Awards and recognitions
<mask> won gold at the 2013 Sony Radio Academy Awards, winning in the 'Music Broadcaster of the year' category. Baby It's Cold Outside, released for Christmas 2013 on the Rainbow City label, is a selection of Christmas carols and classic Christmas songs all arranged and produced by <mask> using instruments such as Chinese temple blocks, oud, celeste and coconut shells. <mask> won a 'St David Award' – for her contribution to culture in 2014 – run by the Welsh government, in its inaugural year, 2014. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2014 Birthday Honours for services to music.In July 2014 <mask> was awarded an honorary degree from Swansea University. <mask> won the Best Presenter Music award at the Audio Production Awards on 23 November 2016. In 2017 she was a guest presenter on the BBC's coverage of the Royal Welsh Show, along with Andi Oliver and Omar Hamdi. On 14 May 2018, <mask> took over from Paul Jones as the presenter of the Blues Show on BBC Radio 2. In 2019 <mask> was one of the three judges for the 2020 Countryfile Calendar, sold in aid of Children in Need. Personal life
<mask> married Steve Abbott in 2012 and they live with their family in West London. Discography

Catatonia

As a solo artist
Studio albums
Cockahoop (UK No.30) (Blanco y Negro –  2003)
Never Said Goodbye (Rough Trade – 2006)
Awyren = Aeroplane (mini-album) (My Kung Fu

masks: Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews Matthews


title: Cerys Matthews

texts:
 Coming
Hands Across the Water (2006) – contributed "An Occasional Song"
Songs for the Young at Heart (2007) – contributed "White Horses", the theme song to The White Horses
Over the Rainbow (2007) – contributed "Secret Love"

Bibliography
Hook, Line and Singer, Matthews' collection of singalong classics published by Penguin, became a top 3 Sunday Times bestseller in 2013. The book includes personal anecdotes and song histories. Song examples are "Let's Go Fly a Kite", "Oh Susannah", and "Swing Low Sweet Chariot".Tales from the Deep, (2011) Gwasg Gomer, Wales: Gomer Press Limited,  Nominated for a People's Choice Award. Gelert, a Man's Best Friend, (2014) Gwasg Gomer, Wales: Gomer Press Limited,
Where the Wild Cooks Go: Recipes, Music, Poetry, Cocktails, (2019) Penguin UK,

References

External links

 Official website
 The Blues Show with <mask> <mask> (BBC Radio 2)
 <mask> <mask> (BBC Radio 6 Music)
 BBC One Show profile

 August 2006 interview with Matthews
 BBC Wales Music – Matthews microsite

1969 births
Living people
20th-century Welsh women singers
21st-century Welsh women singers
Cool Cymru
Nannies
Welsh-language singers
Welsh singer-songwriters
Welsh buskers
Singers from Cardiff
Welsh Eisteddfod winners
Britpop musicians
Members of the Order of the British Empire
BBC Radio 6 Music presenters
BBC Radio 2 presenters
Women radio presenters
People educated at St Michael's School, Llanelli
Welsh domestic workers
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (British TV

masks: Cerys Matthews Cerys Matthews


title: Gundu Hirisave Rama Rao

texts:
<mask> was born in Tumkur (Karnataka), India, on 23 August 1937. He is a scientist, entrepreneur and a tenured professor at the Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota. He and Professor John Eaton visited India in 1981 under a National Science Foundation sponsorship (travel grant), to explore opportunities for collaborative research projects. They visited medical institutions from Kashmir in the north to Trivandrum in the south. He again visited India during 1990–93, as a professor and a senior consultant for the government of India under a United Nations Development Program (UNDP) called TOKTEN (Transfer of Knowledge Through Expatriate Nationals) sponsored by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. He is a member of the Minneapolis University Rotary Club. He is listed as a Senior Fulbright Scholar in the Roster.He is an active member of Rotary E-Club, RI.3190, Bangalore, India. He is the founder of the South Asian Society on Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis and AayuSmart LLC, an IT-supported web-based health management company. He has been actively involved in creating awareness, developing educational and preventive programs for the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, obesity, metabolic diseases, type 2-diabetes vascular diseases and stroke. Dr. <mask> has spent close to 40 years in Minnesota. Currently he lives in Maryland with his wife, two children, and three grandchildren, and spends half of his time in India, developing collaborative projects related to improving health care. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born in Tumkur, Karnataka, India. His ancestors on his

masks:
Gundu Hirisave Rama Rao
Rao
Gundu
Rao


title: Gundu Hirisave Rama Rao

texts: decade. Individuals with diabetes have 2-4 fold higher risks to have acute vascular events such as heart attack or stroke. Indians have the highest incidence of coronary artery disease compared to any other ethnic group in the world. To create awareness and develop educational and preventive programs Dr <mask> started SASAT in USA in 1993.Prevention of these chronic metabolic diseases is cost effective and is probably the only choice for the masses. Even if the risk factors for these diseases are detected early, not all individuals can afford the expensive treatment options. It has been estimated that one third of all the children born in India are of low birth weight (LBW). It has been demonstrated by many studies that these LBW babies are at risk for developing hypertension, diabetes and vascular diseases. One way to reduce this health burden is to develop a strong maternal nutrition program for the pregnant women, so that the number of LBW newborn can be drastically reduced. The general diet of South Asians by and large is very rich in carbohydrates and this puts a great demand on the insulin secretion. It is therefore essential to improve the general diet of the population.Fortification of foods with nutrients is one cost-effective choice. Alternately genetic engineering of better cereals, fruits and vegetable also could be encouraged. Finally it is very well established that life style changes reduce the disease burden of chronic diseases. Life style changes including work place wellness programs should be encouraged to reduce the disease burden in this population. Prevention in whatever way possible


title: Gundu Hirisave Rama Rao

texts:
 is the primary goal to address this epidemic. Awards and Fellowships
 Fellow, Royal Entomological Society, London. Fellow, International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis and Hemostasis, USA.Fellow, Indian College of Cardiology, India. Distinguished Career Award, International Union of Angiology, France. Professor, Sri Chitra Tiruanl Institute For Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum. Board, Manipal Acunova, Bangalore
Founder Chairman, Aayusmart. LLC, Bangalore. Chief Technology Officer, Stellixir Biotech Pvt Ltd, Bangalore

Bibliography
<mask> GHR: (Editor): Handbook of Platelet Physiology and Pharmacology, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1999. <mask> GHR: (Editor): Coronary Artery Disease in South Asians: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Prevention.Jaypee Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2001, . <mask> GHR: (Editor): Coronary Artery Disease: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology and Prevention. Jaypee Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India. 2005, . <mask> GHR: (Editor): Handbook of Blood Banking and Transfusion Medicine, Jaypee Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India, 2006, . <mask> GHR: (Editor): Diabetes Mellitus (Type-2): Epidemiology, Risk Management and Prevention. Jaypee Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India.2007,
<mask>, GHR: (Editor): Clinical Handbook of Management of Antithrombotic & Thrombolytic Therapy.Kontentworx, New Delhi, India.2014. References

www.researchgate.net/profile/<mask>_<mask>/publications/

www.mendeley.com/<mask> <mask>

http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=jJ_QfVMAAAAJ&hi=en&oi=ao

1937 births
Indian hematologists
Living people
People from Tumkur
Scientists from

masks: Rao Rao Rao Rao Rao Rao Gundu Rao Gundu Rao


title: Michael Chong

texts:
<mask>  (; born November 22, 1971) is a Canadian politician who has represented the Ontario riding of Wellington—Halton Hills in the House of Commons since 2004. A member of the Conservative Party, he served in the cabinet of Prime Minister Stephen Harper as Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Minister of Sport, as well as the President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada from February 6, 2006 to November 27, 2006. On September 8, 2020, <mask> was appointed the Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs. <mask> is best known for his Red Tory views and he ran for the leadership of the Conservative Party in 2017, coming in fifth place out of fourteen candidates. His campaign was widely seen as anti-establishment, being the only candidate to support a carbon tax. Early life and career
<mask> was born on November 22, 1971, in Windsor, Ontario, the oldest son of Cornelia de Haan and <mask>. His father was born in Hong Kong and immigrated to Canada in 1952, becoming a doctor.His mother arrived in Canada in 1960 from the Netherlands, and worked as a nurse. <mask> has three siblings; Peter, Andrew and Joanna. He was raised near Fergus in Wellington County, a small town in rural Southern Ontario, and attended Centre Wellington District High School. In 1978, when <mask> was six years old, his mother was killed in a car accident at an intersection near Fergus. Two years after her death his father married Adriana, who raised him and his three siblings as if they were her own. In 1999, <mask>'s father was also killed in a car accident at the same intersection where his mother had been killed 21 years earlier. <mask> attended Trinity College at the University of Toronto where he studied philosophy, history and politics.In his final year at university he landed a job with Canadian Tire as an assistant to a senior executive. He has worked in information technology for Barclays Bank and Research Capital Corporation. Chong worked as a senior technology consultant

masks:
Michael David Chong
Chong
Chong
Chong
Paul Chong
Chong
Chong
Chong
Chong


title: Michael Chong

texts:
 to the Greater Toronto Airports Authority for the redevelopment of Pearson International Airport and prior to entering politics he worked for the National Hockey League Players’ Association. <mask> was a founding member of The Dominion Institute. He served on the board of the Groves Memorial Hospital from 2002 to 2004, later serving on the board of the Elora Festival and Elora Festival Singers as well as the Corporation of Trinity College. <mask> is married to Carrie Davidson, whom he met while at university. She has roots in both Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador.Her great-great grandfather was William Whiteway, a pro-Confederation politician and three-time premier of the colony of Newfoundland in the late 19th century. Another great-great grandfather, Charles Peers Davidson, was chief justice of the Superior Court of Quebec in the early 1910s. The couple live on a 100-acre farm in Fergus, located on the Grand River about 85 kilometres from Toronto, and have three sons; William, Alistair, and Cameron. Politics
Described as a Red Tory, <mask> joined the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada and the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in the late 1980s. He ran for parliament in the 2000 federal election as a Progressive Conservative, and finished third Waterloo—Wellington against incumbent Liberal Member of Parliament (MP) Lynn Myers. <mask> supported Peter MacKay for the leadership of the federal PC party in 2003. 38th Parliament
In early 2004, the Progressive Conservatives merged with the Canadian Alliance to create the Conservative Party of Canada.<mask> joined the new party, and in March 2004 defeated Marty Burke to win its nomination for Wellington—Halton Hills. He was elected in the 2004 federal election, defeating Liberal Bruce Hood by over 2,000 votes. <mask> is primarily known as a fiscal conservative and is considered a moderate in his party. He declared his personal support for the Kyoto Protocol during the 2004 federal

masks: Chong Chong Chong Chong Chong Chong


title: Michael Chong

texts:
 election, despite his party's opposition to the measure. He supported Elizabeth Witmer's bid to lead the Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario in 2001–02, and supported John Tory for the same position in 2004. <mask> wrote an opinion editorial for The Globe and Mail newspaper in late 2004 entitled "Canadians without hyphens", criticizing John Barber's suggestion that there were not enough Chinese-Canadian MPs representing areas with large Chinese populations. <mask> noted he was elected in a riding with a 97% Caucasian population, while John McCallum was elected in Markham—Unionville, which is more than 60% Asian.<mask> argued that these results reflected his idea of Canada, adding that he favoured the creation of a "common Canadian identity that will allow for greater understanding among ethnic groups". Like most Conservative MPs, <mask> voted against the legal recognition of same-sex marriage in Canada in 2005. A majority of MPs from other parties supported the measure, however, and same-sex marriages were granted legal recognition. In December 2006, <mask> reversed his previous position and became one of thirteen Conservative MPs to vote against re-opening the marriage debate. <mask> has opposed using the Great Lakes as a water source for inland communities. He has expressed concern about depopulation in rural Ontario, and supports continued door-to-door rural mail service programs. 39th Parliament: Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Sport
<mask> was re-elected in the 2006 federal election.In February 2006, he was appointed to the cabinet in Stephen Harper's government as Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, and Minister of Sport. He was the second Chinese-Canadian cabinet minister in Canadian history, after Raymond Chan. In the buildup to the 2006 federal budget, <mask> met with various provincial representatives to discuss ways of approaching Canada's equalization formula between

masks: Chong Chong Chong Chong Chong Chong Chong Chong


title: Michael Chong

texts: the federal government and the provinces. Prior to the budget's release, he described the existing system as "a mess". Some politicians in Ontario expressed concern that the deal would be unduly favourable to Quebec and unfavourable to their province. Later in the year, Harper government indicated that it would automatically transfer future surpluses to the provinces. In September 2006, the Canadian media reported that the Harper government was considering a plan to transfer $3 billion to the provinces each year.Every province except Newfoundland and Labrador would gain revenue, with Quebec gaining the most at $1.1 billion. In early 2006, <mask> said that his government would fulfill an election pledge to devote 1% of federal health spending (about $350 million) to health promotion and amateur sports. He represented the Harper government as a representative at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne, Australia. This funding did not appear in the 2006 budget, although the Harper government introduced an annual sports tax credit of $80 per child. In June 2006, <mask> indicated that the federal government would not provide federal funding to the "Out Games", a gay-and-lesbian themed athletic competition held in Montreal, Quebec. The following month, Chong provided $395,000 to Canada's Sports Hall of Fame, to make its collection accessible online. He has also discussed the possibility of restarting Canada's ParticipACTION program, which encourages ordinary citizens to become more involved in sports and athletic events.The program was restarted in February 2007, after <mask> resigned from cabinet. <mask> pledged $3.5 million to the 2008 North American Indigenous Games in early November 2006. Later in the same month, he announced the creation of Podium Canada to consolidate Canada's medal strategies for the Summer and Winter Olympics. <mask> unexpectedly resigned from cabinet on November 27, 2006, to express his opposition to a motion before the House

masks: Chong Chong Chong Chong Chong


title: Michael Chong

texts:
 of Commons, put forward by Prime Minister Harper, which recognized "the Québécois as a nation within a united Canada". <mask> said that the motion was akin to ethnic nationalism, which he opposes. During the press conference he held to announce his decision, he said "I believe in one nation, undivided, called Canada". 41st Parliament: Reform Act
As a backbench MP, <mask> proposed the Reform Act (An Act to amend the Canada Elections Act and the Parliament of Canada Act (candidacy and caucus reforms)) in order to increase the power of party caucuses.The Act ultimately passed the House of Commons and Senate, with amendments, and was given royal assent in 2015. Under the act, each caucus votes at the beginning of each parliament on whether or not it will adopt the Act's procedures giving the caucus the power to review and, if it wishes, remove the party leader, for the election and review of the caucus chair, the expulsion and re-admission of caucus members, and the election of the interim leader. 42nd Parliament and 2017 leadership election

The Conservative Party was defeated in the 2015 federal election, and Harper immediately resigned as party leader. Despite not having served in Harper's cabinet for nine years, <mask>'s name was among those mentioned in the media as a potential candidate for party leader. When asked about a leadership bid in November 2015, <mask> responded "let's wait and see." In early 2016, the Conservative Party announced that the leadership election would be held on May 27, 2017. On May 16, 2016, <mask> launched his campaign at the National Press Theatre in Ottawa, becoming the third candidate to enter the race.<mask>'s leadership bid was endorsed by MP and former Environment Minister Peter Kent, as well as MP David Tilson. <mask> also received the support of Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) Ted Arnott and former MPs Chungsen Leung and Mike Wallace. <mask> is in favour of implementing what he describes as a


title: Michael Chong

texts:
 revenue-neutral carbon tax. <mask> stated publicly that he supports Motion 103, which calls on the government to condemn Islamophobia in Canada and all other forms of religious and racial discrimination. <mask> was one of two Conservative MPs, the other being Simcoe North MP Bruce Stanton, and the only leadership candidate to vote for the motion. 43rd Parliament
The United States (US) and Canada imposed unilateral sanctions on relevant individuals and entity in Xinjiang on March 22, 2020 in response to reports of possible Uighur genocide. In response, the Chinese government sanctioned not only <mask> but also amongst others the Chair of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) Gayle Manchin, Vice Chair of the USCIRF Tony Perkins, and the Subcommittee on International Human Rights of the Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs and International Development of the House of Commons of Canada.The individuals concerned are prohibited from entering mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao of China. Chinese citizens and institutions are prohibited from doing business with the relevant individuals and having exchanges with the relevant entity. Electoral record

All electoral information is taken from Elections Canada. Italicized expenditures refer to submitted totals, and are presented when the final reviewed totals are not available. References

External links
Official site

1971 births
Living people
Barclays people
Businesspeople in information technology
Canadian computer businesspeople
Canadian consultants
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Canadian politicians of Hong Kong descent
Canadian technology chief executives
Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Members of the 28th Canadian Ministry
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada
People from Centre Wellington
Politicians from Windsor, Ontario
Trinity College (Canada) alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Canadian

masks: Chong Chong Chong


title: Tin Pei Ling

texts:
<mask> (; born 23 December 1983) is a Singaporean politician. A member of the governing People's Action Party (PAP), she is a Member of the 14th Parliament and has been representing MacPherson Single Member Constituency (SMC) since 2015. She previously represented MacPherson from 2011 to 2015 when it was part of Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency (GRC). <mask> was the PAP's youngest candidate in the 2011 general election. She is the current chairperson of the Ulu Pandan youth executive committee for the Young PAP, the PAP's youth wing, and a member of the Community Development Welfare Fund committee. Early life and education
<mask>'s father operated a coffeeshop in Ghim Moh while her mother was a housewife. She attended Crescent Girls' School and Hwa Chong Junior College before moving on to the National University of Singapore, from which she graduated with a Bachelor of Social Sciences (honours) in psychology.<mask>'s father was involved in grassroots work and <mask> helped him with English translations. In her second year in university, she started helping out at Vivian Balakrishnan's Meet-the-People Sessions. Prior to the formation of the 17th Young PAP Executive Committee marked by the 2011 elections, <mask> was formerly assistant treasurer for Young PAP and a representative for the Ulu Pandan branch. Business career
Prior to 2011, <mask> was working as a senior associate with Ernst & Young. She resigned after being elected as a Member of Parliament. In May 2017, <mask> started working at Jing King Tech Group, an investment firm, as the group director for corporate strategy. On 21 May 2018, <mask> became the chief executive officer for Business China, a government related non-profit organisation aiming to strengthen Singapore-China ties through the support of

masks:
Tin Pei Ling
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin


title: Tin Pei Ling

texts:
 businesses.<mask> had left Jing King Tech Group at around the same time. Political career

2011 general election
In the 2011 general election, <mask> was selected as a candidate for the Marine Parade GRC alongside former prime minister Goh Chok Tong among others. Having been a member of the Ulu Pandan branch of the Young PAP for seven years, she was fielded by the PAP as a candidate to attract the "unpredictable" youth vote through social networking sites. On election day, the PAP took Marine Parade GRC with 56.65% of the votes, defeating the National Solidarity Party (NSP) team led by Cheo Chai Chen. Goh admitted after the election that <mask>'s youth and negative image perceived by the public was a "factor" for the PAP's weaker performance this election compared to their 72.9% win in 1992. On 1 June 2011, <mask> announced on her Facebook account that she had resigned from her senior associate position in Ernst & Young, where she had worked for four years. She said the decision was made in order to focus on her responsibilities as full-time Member of Parliament in her MacPherson ward and Marine Parade GRC.<mask>'s selection as a candidate for Parliament in 2011 resulted in a large online backlash, especially amongst young Singaporeans. Throughout the campaign, <mask> garnered negative attention due to her perceived immaturity to become a Member of Parliament, and allusions were also raised as to how her husband's position had opened doors for her into politics. A widely circulated Facebook photo of <mask> posing with a Kate Spade-branded gift from her husband, also led to widespread accusations online of ignorance, materialism and privilege. When asked if there was a policy she would change, she replied that there were no policy that she felt strongly against. When asked what

masks: Tin Tin Tin Tin Tin Tin Tin


title: Tin Pei Ling

texts: her "greatest regret" was, she said it was not having brought her (still living) parents to Universal Studios Singapore. Some Singaporeans were concerned that as an "undeserving [candidate]," <mask> had a high chance of being elected "not on [her] own merit, but rather on the back of established Members of Parliament" since the five-member PAP team would be voted in or rejected as a group under Singapore's group representation constituency system. The public's online hostility towards <mask> was so great that Goh Chok Tong defended her in the press.He said he had taken <mask> in when Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong had offered her to be fielded as a candidate in Ang Mo Kio GRC. He had accepted her as he did not think <mask> was a weak candidate. He dismissed the online criticisms as "distortion" and even though "some sound bites of her which pitted her as a rather light-weight person", it was just "a superficial view". He still believed that she "would work very hard", "[could] reach out to the young, and the not so young," that he "would like her to do more to help the old people in MacPherson," and that she would become "a good Member of Parliament in due course". Nicole Seah, a candidate of the opposition NSP team contesting in Marine Parade GRC, filed a complaint to the Elections Department on 6 May 2011, stating that <mask> had violated the state-mandated cooling-off period 24 hours before polls by posting a Facebook comment on Seah crying during her walkabout. Under the Singapore Parliamentary Elections Act, canvassing on Polling Day and Cooling Off Day is prohibited and the offence carries a fine or imprisonment or both. When questioned, <mask> replied that one of her administrators, Denise He, had posted the comment under her account and that He had meant to post in her own

masks: Tin Tin Tin Tin Tin Tin


title: Tin Pei Ling

texts:
 capacity from her phone, but had forgotten to log out of <mask>'s account.The NSP team was advised by the Elections Department to file a police report before the Elections Department could investigate. The police confirmed that a report was lodged against her. The police issued a stern warning to <mask> as well as Seah, who also had a similar complaint lodged against her. 2015 general election
During the 2015 general election, MacPherson SMC was split from Marine Parade GRC for the first time since the 2006 general election. She ran against Bernard Chen of the Workers' Party and Cheo of the National Solidarity Party. Cheo's campaign suffered a major blunder when he described <mask>'s new role as a mother as "her weakness" in the campaign. Facing public backlash, Cheo later claimed that this comment was meant as a joke.She received 17,227 votes, or 65.58% of the total, compared to Chen's 33.6% and Cheo's 0.82%. 2020 general election
In the 2020 general election, <mask> defended her seat in MacPherson SMC with 71.74% of the vote against Goh Meng Seng of the People's Power Party. She was then appointed chairperson of the Communications and Information government parliamentary committee (GPC) in the 14th Parliament. Personal life
<mask> is married to Ng How Yue, Permanent Secretary (Health Development) in the Ministry of Health and formerly a Principal Private Secretary to Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. <mask> and Ng have two children. References

External links
 <mask> <mask> on Parliament of Singapore

1983 births
Living people
Members of the Parliament of Singapore
People's Action Party politicians
National University of Singapore alumni
Hwa Chong Junior College alumni
Singaporean politicians of Chinese descent
Singaporean Buddhists
Singaporean women in politics
Ernst &

masks:
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin
Tin Pei
Ling


title: Freddie Francis

texts:
<mask> (22 December 1917 – 17 March 2007) was an English cinematographer and film director. He achieved his greatest successes as a cinematographer. He started his career with British films such as Jack Cardiff's Sons & Lovers (1960), Jack Clayton's drama Room at the Top (1959) and psychological horror film The Innocents (1961). He became known for his collaborations with David Lynch with The Elephant Man (1980), Dune (1984), and The Straight Story (1999). He also earned acclaim for his work on The French Lieutenant's Woman (1981) starring Meryl Streep, and Martin Scorsese's Cape Fear (1991). As a director, he was associated with the British production companies Amicus and Hammer in the 1960s and 1970s. Over his career he earned many accolades including two Academy Awards for Sons and Lovers (1960) and Glory (1989).He also earned five British Academy Film Award nominations, as well as an international achievement award from the American Society of Cinematographers in 1997 and BAFTA's special achievement award in 2004. Early life
Born in Islington in London, England, <mask> originally planned to become an engineer. At school, a piece he wrote about films of the future won him a scholarship to the North West London Polytechnic in Kentish Town. He left school at age 16, becoming an apprentice to photographer Louis Prothero. <mask> stayed with Prothero for six months. In this time they photographed stills for a Stanley Lupino picture made at Associated Talking Pictures (later Ealing Studios). This led to his successively becoming a clapper boy, camera loader and focus puller.He began his career in films at British International Pictures, then moved to British and Dominions. His first film as a clapper boy was The Prisoner of Corbal (1936). War service
In 1939, <mask> joined the Army, where he would spend the next seven years. Eventually, he was assigned as cameraman and director

masks:
Frederick William Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis


title: Freddie Francis

texts:
 to the Army Kinematograph Service at Wembley Studios, where he worked on many training films. About this, <mask> said, "Most of the time I was with various film units within the service, so I got quite a bit of experience in all sorts of jobs, including being a cameraman and editing and generally being a jack of all trades." Career

1950–56: Early work
Following his return to civilian life, <mask> spent the next 10 years working as a camera operator. Films he worked on during this period include The Elusive Pimpernel (1950), The Tales of Hoffmann (1951), Beat the Devil (1953), and Moby Dick (1956); he was a frequent collaborator with cinematographers Christopher Challis (nine films) and Oswald Morris (five films).His first feature with Morris was Golden Salamander (1950). <mask> was on the second unit of Moby Dick. He became a main unit director of photography on A Hill in Korea (1956), which was shot in Portugal. 1959–68 : British films
He subsequently worked on such prestige British dramas such as Room at the Top (1959), Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (1960), Sons and Lovers (1960), and The Innocents (1961), which he regarded as one of the best films he shot. For his work on Jack Cardiff's Sons and Lovers he received his first Academy Award for Best Cinematography. The film depicts societal repression in a small coal-mining town during the early 1900s. In the 1961 article of American Cinematographer, the magazine praised his work by stating that the film has “unusual visual beauty and is marked by photographic ingenuity throughout that easily makes it one of the finest monochrome photographic achievements to come along in some time.” Cinematographer John Bailey also praised his work saying, "Then I saw Sons and Lovers, and I was knocked out by the poetry and visual beauty of the film.The camerawork was unlike anything I had seen before in an English-language

masks: Francis Francis Francis


title: Freddie Francis

texts:
 movie.”

He next collaborated with director Jack Clayton for the psychological drama film The Innocents starring Ingrid Bergman. <mask> worked with the CinemaScope aspect ratio. He used colour filters and used the lighting rig to create darkness consuming everything at the edge of the frame. <mask> used deep focus and narrowly aimed the lighting towards the centre of the screen. <mask> and Clayton framed the film in an unusually bold style, with characters prominent at the edge of the frame and their faces at the centre in profile in some sequences, which, again, created both a sense of intimacy and unease, based on the lack of balance in the image. For many of the interior night scenes, <mask> painted the sides of the lenses with black paint to allow for a more intense, "elegiac" focus, and used candles custom-made with four to five wicks twined together to produce more light. Influential The New Yorker film critic Pauline Kael praised <mask> for his work writing, "I don’t know where this cinematographer <mask> sprang from.You may recall that in the last year just about every time a British movie is something to look at, it turns out to be his". 1963–70: Work as a director
Following his Academy Award win for Sons and Lovers, <mask> began his career as director of feature films. His first feature as director was Two and Two Make Six (1962). For the next 20-plus years, <mask> worked continuously as a director of low-budget films, most of them in the genres of horror or psycho-thriller. Beginning with Paranoiac (1963), <mask> made numerous films for Hammer throughout the 1960s and 1970s. These films included thrillers like Nightmare (1964) and Hysteria (1965), as well as monster films such as The Evil of Frankenstein (1964) and Dracula Has Risen from the Grave (1968). On his apparent typecasting as a director of these types of film, <mask> said "Horror films have liked me

masks:
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Freddie Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis
Francis


title: Freddie Francis

texts:
 more than I have liked horror films".Also in the mid-1960s, <mask> began an association with Amicus Productions, another studio like Hammer which specialised in horror pictures. Most of the films <mask> made for Amicus were anthologies such as Dr. Terror's House of Horrors (1965), Torture Garden (1968) and Tales from the Crypt (1972). He also did two films for the short-lived company Tyburn films. These were The Ghoul (1975) and Legend of the Werewolf (1975). As a director, <mask> was more than competent, and his horror films possessed an undeniable visual flair. However, he regretted that he was seldom able to move beyond genre material as a director. <mask> directed the little-seen Son of Dracula (1974), starring Harry Nilsson in the title role and Ringo Starr as Merlin the Magician.Of the films <mask> directed, one of his favorites was Mumsy, Nanny, Sonny, and Girly (1970). Mumsy... was a black comedy about an isolated, upper-class family whose relationships and behaviors came equipped with deadly consequences. The film was not very well received by mainstream critics but has gone on to become a minor cult favorite among fans. In 1985, <mask> directed The Doctor and the Devils, based on the crimes of Burke and Hare. 1980–91: Return to cinematography
In 1980 he returned to work as a director of photography this time for David Lynch in the British drama The Elephant Man (1980). The Elephant Man was principally shot at Wembley Studios in Panavision, utilizing Kodak’s Plus X stock — the only monochrome emulsion that met <mask>’ standards and was available in sufficient quantities. He earned great acclaim for his gorgeous black-and-white cinematography earning a British Academy Film Award nomination.Ben Kenigsberg of The New York Times dissected <mask>' work on the film writing, "<mask> takes advantage of opportunities for high contrast, but note how more subtle elements of

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