title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 Entry-level job market for economists
In 2005, the American Economic Association (AEA) asked <mask> to chair a new Ad Hoc Committee on the job market for economists.The committee's goal was to assess whether the AEA could better promote a thick market for new Ph.D.s in economics, while reducing problems of congestion and coordination failure, factors previously identified as crucial for successful market design. Around 1970, many departments of economics did not advertise assistant professor positions. Instead, jobs were filled by word of mouth and through letters of inquiry, and the market was relatively thin. Since 1974 the AEA helped make the market thicker by publishing Job Openings for Economists (JOE), initially as a hardcopy periodical and since 2002 exclusively online. The annual Allied Social Science Associations January meetings also became a central venue for conducting interviews. By the 2000s, the number of jobs and candidates had made fairly thick markets possible, and the market had to deal with the congestion caused by the many possibilities to be considered for both employers and applicants alike. The work of the Committee resulted in the introduction of two market design interventions: First, in early December prior to the January Allied Social Science Associationsmeeting, applicants have the option of sending no more than two signals of special interest to employers through the AEA signaling service.The signals are meant to let candidates credibly express interest in employers, and to help employers identify candidates interested in their positions. Second, during the late stages of the interviewing and hiring processes, some employers may not have hired any of the candidates they interviewed, and candidates may find that all the prospective employers with whom they interviewed have hired


title: Alvin E. Roth

type: original

texts:
 someone else. To address this problem, in March, applicants still looking for jobs and employers with unfilled jobs may indicate their continued availability on the AEA scramble website. In a study of data from the initial four years of the signal and scramble mechanisms, <mask> and coauthors found that sending a signal increased the probability of receiving an interview by 6.8 percentage points, on average. Moreover, they also found that at least 10 percent of the jobs listed in the scramble were filled through the contacts facilitated by the scramble. Market Timing
<mask>, along with Xiaolin Xing, wrote two important papers that extended our understanding of the timing of transactions. In one paper, they explored how strategic incentives can lead market participants to cause unraveling when the hiring side of a market makes offers further in advance of employment to pre-empt their competitors.In another, they studied the environment where transactions take time to evaluate and complete, causing markets to be congested. In a series of papers with Axel Ockenfels, <mask> studied auction bidding behavior on eBay and found that a very high proportion of the bids were submitted in the very last minute or seconds of the auction. They highlighted how eBay’s design when the study was conducted, which included a fixed ending time, gave bidders incentives to delay placing their bids, and they showed how sniping can be prevented in auctions that end with a soft-close. Repugnance
In an article in the Journal of Economic Perspectives titled "Repugnance as a Constraint on Markets" <mask> "introduced in the economics literature the concept of 'repugnance' for a transaction as the aversion toward other individuals engaging in it, even if the parties directly involved benefit from that trade (i.e. "There are some things no

masks: Roth Roth Roth Roth


title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 one should be allowed to do"). Repugnance considerations have important consequences on the types of markets and transactions that we observe and, as such, they impose a challenge for policy and market design." <mask> himself stated that: “We need to understand better and engage more with the phenomenon of ‘repugnant transactions,’ which, I will argue, often serves as an important constraint on markets and market design.” <mask> has published on the topic across top economics, medical, social science, philosophy, and ethics journals.A lot of <mask>’s focus in this area has been focused on the ethical implications of kidney exchange and compensation for organ donors and their families. <mask> has also conducted a cross-jurisdiction study on relationships between repugnance and regulation of transactions. Experimental Economics
Roth is one of the early pioneers of experimental economics and has made several fundamental contributions to the field starting from the early 1970s. <mask>’s approach to experiments expanded the possibilities of economic experiments could be and ushered in an approach open to influence by other social sciences as well as game theory. Unlike earlier experimental work by Vernon Smith, Charles Plott, and others, <mask> and his coauthors appealed to sociological and psychological concepts to explain how subjects deviated from rationally predicted outcomes right from the start. His early work "was rigorous in its specification of what economic models predicted and was rooted in formal economic theories, yet provided accurate and insightful descriptions of actual behavior based on psychology and sociology." The Scientific Background document for the 2012 Nobel Prize in Economics states: <mask> describes how laboratory experiments and field observations can interact with game theory, thereby

masks: Roth Roth Roth Roth Roth Roth Roth


title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 establishing economics as a more satisfactory empirical science.Besides contributing to some laboratory game designs that has become standard (for example, along with his early collaborator the psychologist J. Keith Murnighan, <mask> designed a repeated-game experiment in which there was a fixed probability that each period of play would be the last, providing researchers with a tool to study infinitely repeated games in the laboratory). <mask> has also outlined methodological issues that both producers and consumers of experimental research must consider in interpreting experimental results and published the full datasets of his experiments while the field was still in its nascency, laying the groundwork for much of the metascience debates regarding experiments in economics. <mask> also edited two volumes of the Handbook of Experimental Economics with John Kagel. Bargaining
Along with some of his early collaborators in experimental economics, most notably Michael Malouf and J. Keith Murnighan, tested the predictions of cooperative bargaining theory in the laboratory. This work provided important empirical evidence to support the claim that cooperative bargaining models were useful to predict the qualitative effects of changes in risk aversion. Some of these experiments also highlighted the importance of focal-point effects and fairness concerns. <mask> and Murnighan found that information asymmetry and communication structure are critical determinants of bargaining outcomes, and that while risk averse bargainers make concessions to revolve their aversion to risk, this is less harmful than what conventional economics predict in predictable contexts.<mask> has also conducted a series of experiments to test the predictions of non-cooperative bargaining theory in collaboration with Jack Ochs. <mask>, along with

masks: Roth Roth Roth Roth Roth Roth


title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 Vesna Prasnikar, Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara, and Shmuel Zamir, published an influential study to investigate bargaining across four different countries (Israel, Japan, USA, and the former Yugoslavia). This paper is one of the first experimental studies in economics to tackle cultural differences with data, and found no cultural differences in the markets, all of which converged to the predicted subgame perfect outcome. This influential paper has been selected one of the top 20 papers in experimental economics. Reinforcement Learning
A series of papers by <mask> with Ido <mask>v demonstrates that the main deviations from rational choice in repeated choice tasks (including extensive form games, games with unique mixed strategy equilibrium, and decisions under uncertainty) can be predicted with surprisingly simple learning models. Market Design Experiments
Along with coauthors like John Kagel, Muriel Niederle, and others, <mask> had pioneered the use of experiments for practical market design. <mask> and Kagel compared the algorithm used in clearinghouses in Edinburgh and Cardiff to assign entry-level doctors to positions with the stable deferred acceptance algorithm and provided empirical evidence that the latter did not suffer from unravelling – offering the first piece of experimental evidence that the stability of matching algorithm support a market plays a crucial role to the functioning of such market.This line of research has been furthered with <mask>'s work with Muriel Niederle that helped shed light on how a matching market can collapse and its consequences, taking inspiration from the collapse of the gastroenterology fellowship in the United States. This and other work helped the American Gastroenterology Association reintroduce a deferred acceptance algorithm in 2006. <mask> has also used experiments

masks: Roth Ere Roth Roth Roth Roth


title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 to evaluate the decision architecture and implications of matching markets including that of law clerk matching. As of 2021, <mask> has recently begun to use laboratory experiments to study the regulation of transplant centers and organ procurement organizations. Game Theory
<mask> made several fundamental contributions to game theory on topics including Shapley Value, axiomatic bargaining, and matching theory. Shapley Value
Roth introduced a utility perspective on the Shapley value. <mask>'s key contribution is to show out that a value can be viewed to represent a valuation or utility of a player regarding a cooperative interactive decision situation in which the player participates.Under this interpretation, a cooperative game describes the potential values that can be generated by the various coalitions of which the player is a member. This player evaluates this situation using a utility function, and the Shapley value can be interpreted as such a utility function – the Shapley value is the specific von Neumann–Morgenstern expected utility function that is neutral to ordinary as well as neutral to strategic risk. Axiomatic Bargaining
In 1978 <mask> took a semester leave at the Economics Department at Stanford while being a faculty member at the University of Illinois, where he taught a course whose lecture notes became a textbook on axiomatic models of bargaining. Some economists have studied the effects of risk aversion on the bargaining solution. Compare two similar bargaining problems A and B, where the feasible space and the utility of player 1 remain fixed, but the utility of player 2 is different: player 2 is more risk-averse in A than in B. Then, the payoff of player 2 in the Nash bargaining solution is smaller in A than in B. However, this is true only if the outcome itself is certain; if the


title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 outcome is risky, then a risk-averse player may get a better deal as proved by <mask> and Uriel <mask>.Matching Theory
<mask> has made several fundamental contributions to the theory of matching. Prominent examples include:

The core of housing market coincides with the unique competitive allocation: <mask> and Postlewaite have shown that in markets with indivisible goods and private endowments (“housing markets”) the core coincides with the unique competitive allocation. Their construction uses David Gale’s top-trading-cycle algorithm (TTC), which was also used by Shapley and Scarf to prove the existence of a competitive allocation. The rural hospital theorem, that states that the same positions are filled in all stable matchings, and that the set of matched agents is identical in all stable matchings. This theorem refuted suggestions that changing the way the National Residency Match Program treats medical graduates and hospitals may change the number of doctors assigned to rural hospitals. Strategy-proofness of deferred acceptance and top-trading-cycle. <mask> has shown that student-proposing deferred acceptance is weakly (group) strategy-proof – truthful reporting to the student-proposing deferred acceptance mechanism is a weakly dominant strategy and furthermore it cannot strictly benefit any coalition of manipulators.The same paper also shows that no stable matching mechanism makes truthful reporting dominant for both sides of the market. He was also the first to show that top-trading-cycle is strategy-proof. In addition to these (and many other) contributions, <mask> has co-authored with Marilda Sotomayor a book on two-sided matching. This book organized the knowledge that was available at that time, and set the agenda for research in matching theory in the following decades. Teaching
<mask> has

masks: Roth Rothblum Roth Roth Roth Roth Roth


title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 taught a variety of courses in Economics. In the early 2000s, together with Paul Milgrom, <mask> taught the first graduate course on Market Design, which brought together topics on auctions, matching, and other related areas. The market design course has served as a basis for many similar graduate courses across the US and around the world, and has helped jump-start the field of Market Design.Over his career, he had advised over four dozen doctoral students and about the same number of post-doctoral fellows. Many of his students have gone on to prolific research careers, and many has won major awards in the field including a John Bates Clark Medalist , a Nakahara Prize laureate, a Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize winner and an Oskar-Morgenstern Medalist. <mask> has received teaching awards from University of Illinois, University of Pittsburgh, and Harvard University. Personal life
<mask> is married to Dr <mask> <mask> and has two sons. <mask> <mask> is a psychologist specialized in cognitive engineering. His elder son, <mask>, is the Henry Salvatori Professor of Computer and Cognitive Science at the University of Pennsylvania. , his younger son, <mask>, is an Assistant Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School.Books
<mask> is the author of numerous scholarly articles, books, and other publications. A selection:
 1979. Axiomatic Models of Bargaining, Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. Springer Verlag. 1985. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131008010652/http://www.library.fa.ru/files/Roth1.pdf Game-Theoretic Models of Bargaining"], (editor) Cambridge University Press, 1985. 1987.Laboratory Experimentation in Economics: Six Points of View. (editor) Cambridge University Press. (Chinese translation, 2008)
 1988. The Shapley Value:  Essays in Honor of Lloyd S. Shapley. (editor)

masks:
Roth
Roth
Roth
Emilie
Roth
Emilie
Roth
Aaron Roth
Ben Roth
Roth


title: Alvin E. Roth

texts:
 Cambridge University Press. 1990. Two-Sided Matching: A Study in Game-Theoretic Modeling and Analysis.With Marilda Sotomayor. Cambridge University Press. 1995. Handbook of Experimental Economics. Edited with J.H. Kagel. Princeton University Press.2001. Game Theory in the Tradition of Bob Wilson. Edited with Bengt Holmstrom and Paul Milgrom. 2015. Who Gets What and Why''. <mask> Dolan/Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Journal articles
<mask> has published over 200 articles in peer reviewed journals. According to Google Scholar, the most widely cited have been:

See also

 Market design
Experimental economics
Repugnant market
 Repugnancy costs

References

External links

 <mask><mask> at Harvard Business School
 Compilation of research and press coverage at <mask>'s game theory, experimental economics, and market design page.Video - <mask><mask> (2014) : Repugnant Markets and Prohibited Transactions at the Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting, August 20, 2014

1951 births
Living people
Nobel laureates in Economics
American Nobel laureates
20th-century American Jews
Game theorists
Fellows of the Econometric Society
University of Illinois faculty
University of Pittsburgh faculty
Harvard Business School faculty
Stanford University Department of Economics faculty
American operations researchers
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science alumni
Stanford University alumni
20th-century American writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American economists
21st-century American economists
Presidents of the American Economic Association
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Bureau of Economic Research
Nancy L. Schwartz Memorial Lecture

masks:
Eamon
Roth
Alvin E
. Roth
Al Roth
Alvin E
. Roth


title: Sandis Ozoliņš

texts:
<mask> (born August 3, 1972), commonly spelled <mask>  in North America, is a Latvian former professional ice hockey player and coach. During his career in North America, Ozoliņš was a seven-time NHL All-Star, Stanley Cup champion (as a member of the 1995–96 Colorado Avalanche), and Norris Trophy finalist. He is also the all-time leader for goals, assists, points and games played by a Latvian in the NHL and holds several Colorado Avalanche and San Jose Sharks franchise records. Ozoliņš also was the highest paid sportsman in Latvian history, before NBA basketball player Andris Biedriņš succeeded him in 2008. He became the head coach of Dinamo in 2017. Ozoliņš was drafted in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft by the San Jose Sharks as the 8th pick of the 2nd round, 30th overall. He played for the Sharks, Colorado Avalanche, Carolina Hurricanes, Florida Panthers, Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and New York Rangers.He is often considered a prototype "offensive defenseman," becoming heavily involved in his team's offense and scoring opportunities. In 2014 <mask> was awarded Order of the Three Stars for his long-standing contributions to Latvian ice hockey and sports. Playing career

Early playing career
<mask> was drafted 30th overall by the San Jose Sharks in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft and had played for the Kansas City Blades, a minor league team in the International Hockey League. He and Latvian teammate Artūrs Irbe won a Turner Cup with the Blades in 1992. National Hockey League
Ozoliņš joined the Sharks in 1992–93, scoring 23 points in 37 games. He missed the majority of his rookie season recovering from a knee injury suffered in a game against Philadelphia on December 30, 1992. After recovering from his injury, Ozoliņš ended the 1993–94 season with an 81-game, 26-goal/64-point sophomore effort, leading the league in goals by a defenceman.Ozoliņš helped the Sharks to move beyond the first round of the playoffs for the first time in franchise history, losing in the conference

masks:
Sandis Ozoliņš
Sandis Ozolinsh
Ozoliņš
Ozoliņš


title: Sandis Ozoliņš

texts:
 what has happened, I actually feel pretty good and I do what I have to do and I do what I was advised to do. And I do it for myself and not for anybody else," said Ozoliņš.In the 2007–08 NHL season he scored 3 goals and 13 assists in 39 games for the Sharks. He had a notable highlight reel save against the Anaheim Ducks, where as the puck slipped by goalie Evgeni Nabokov, and Ozoliņš slipped and fell as he made a stick save on the goal line. Kontinental Hockey League

Dinamo Riga
After his season with the Sharks, Ozoliņš was offered a one-year contract by the Los Angeles Kings worth $800,000, but he declined it and went on hiatus from hockey for a year. On July 13, 2009, Ozoliņš unexpectedly signed a one-year deal with KHL home country team Dinamo Riga, with whom he started his senior career in 1990. Ozoliņš got back his #8 – the same number which he wore while playing for Dinamo Riga. Ozoliņš was named a captain for the first time in his career. In the 2009–10 KHL season he was the team's leader in points among defensemen, scoring 5 goals and 20 assists in 43 games.In January 2010, <mask> was selected to play on the starting roster for the Jaromír Jágr team in the KHL All-Star game. He was also selected to play in the KHL All-Star skills competition, but, due to a minor injury, only played in the first period and withdrew from the skills competition. On May 18, 2010, Ozoliņš extended his contract with Dinamo for another year, after he declined larger offers from four different KHL teams. In the first month of the 2010–11 KHL season <mask> was honoured as the league's best defenseman after he registered 1 goal and 11 assists in 11 games, at the time being the league's leader in assists. He was injured in the November 28 game against HC Sibir and missed all of the December due to broken ribs. In January 2011, Ozoliņš was again selected to play on the starting roster in the KHL All-Star game. Before the start of a 2011–12 KHL season Ozoliņš received an offer

masks: Ozoliņš Ozoliņš


title: Sandis Ozoliņš

texts:
 team was renamed as the Commonwealth of Independent States national junior team. Because Ozoliņš and Sergei Zholtok were from Latvia, which wasn't a member of the CIS, some other teams protested, but the protest was denied.Ozoliņš didn't play again internationally until 1998 due to injuries and the NHL playoff schedule. In 1998, after losing with the Avalanche to the Edmonton Oilers in the first round of the playoffs, Ozoliņš was able to rush to Switzerland and made his debut for Latvia in the elite division, where team Latvia had qualified for the second time since its independence in 1991. At that tournament he registered 1 goal and 2 assists. He again helped for his nation at the Men's World Ice Hockey Championship; he was able to participate because of the Hurricanes loss in the Conference quarterfinals. Latvia finished the tournament in 13th place. He played in next year's championship as well and one game during the 2002 Winter Olympics Ice hockey tournament. In the game versus Slovakia, Ozoliņš registered 4 assists, helping Latvia to a 6–6 tie.After a three-year absence, Ozoliņš helped Latvia qualify for the 2006 Winter Olympics Ice hockey tournament. It was intended to be his last international tournament; he announced his international retirement to the media following the conclusion of the Olympics. In spite of his announced retirement he rejoined team Latvia in their bid to qualify for the 2014 Olympics. The Latvian team, including Ozoliņš, did indeed qualify for the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi, where they upset the Swiss to earn a berth in the quarterfinals, then lost to Canada to finish 8th. Personal life
<mask> was married to his secondary school schoolmate Sandra for more than 15 years, until May 2010 Ozoliņš submitted an application for divorce. He has two sons – Roberts (born in 1994) and Christopher (born in 1996). During the off-season Ozoliņš resides in Denver, Colorado, and most recently in Jūrmala, Latvia.Ozoliņš was the owner


title: Sandis Ozoliņš

texts:
 to the Carolina Hurricanes in exchange for Nolan Pratt, Carolina's 2000 1st round draft choice, Carolina's 2nd round draft choice and Philadelphia's 2000 2nd round draft choice. July 24, 2000 – Signed a five-year contract with the Carolina Hurricanes worth more than $25 million. January 16, 2002 – Traded by the Carolina Hurricanes, along with Byron Ritchie, to the Florida Panthers in exchange for Bret Hedican, Kevyn Adams and Tomáš Malec. January 30, 2003 – Traded by the Florida Panthers, along with Lance Ward to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim in exchange for Pavel Trnka, Matt Cullen and Anaheim's 2003 4th round draft choice. March 9, 2006 – Traded by the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim to the New York Rangers in exchange for New York's 2006 3rd round draft choice. November 2, 2007 – Signed a one-year deal for $650,000 with the San Jose Sharks.July 13, 2009 – Signed a one-year deal with the Dinamo Riga. May 18, 2010 – Extended contract with Dinamo Riga for 2010–11 KHL season. April 19, 2011 – Extended contract with Dinamo Riga for 2011–12 KHL season. September 24, 2012 – Signed a one-year deal with the Atlant Moscow Oblast. May 8, 2013 – Signed a one-year deal with the Dinamo Riga. May 27, 2014 - Announced his retirement. References

External links

<mask> Ozoliņš KHL player profile
<mask> Ozoliņš Dinamo Riga player profile
Ozo Golf Club/

1972 births
Carolina Hurricanes players
Colorado Avalanche players
Dinamo Riga players
Florida Panthers players
Atlant Moscow Oblast players
Ice hockey players at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Ice hockey players at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Kansas City Blades players
Latvian ice hockey defencemen
Latvian sportspeople
Living people
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim players
National Hockey League All-Stars
New York Rangers players
Olympic ice hockey players of Latvia
People from Sigulda
San Francisco Spiders players
San Jose Sharks draft picks
San Jose Sharks players
Stanley Cup champions
Worcester

masks: Sandis Sandis


title: Julie Matthews

texts:
<mask> (born 1963) is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer. She has been a member of some of the most influential British folk duos and groups and is acknowledged internationally as a major songwriter, with her work being covered by a wide range of artists and groups. Her music is often classified as English folk, but contains strong American influences. Early career
<mask> was born in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. The daughter of a steel worker, she began playing guitar at the age of nine before teaching herself piano. While still at school she began songwriting and recording and was soon exploring what she would identify as the three primary jobs of her songwriting: ‘confession, observation and social comment’. She left school at 18 and began writing songs for a small London publishing company.After only a few months the company went bankrupt, forcing her to work for several years as a nightclub and hotel pianist throughout Europe, while still playing her own music at festivals. With Pat Shaw
<mask> met Pat Shaw at a session at a local radio station and they formed a musical partnership, singing and playing together. However, while singing at the Feet First Festival in Derbyshire in 1990 <mask> was seen by Ashley Hutchings, who invited her to join the Albion Band. With a lack of progress of their own projects Pat began a career in teaching and <mask> joined the Albion Band and toured with them for three years. No studio album was created with this line-up, but recordings from this period surfaced as Captured (1995). <mask> and Pat Shaw released their first album, As Long As I Am Able, in 1992. As things began to move forward as part of a duo again <mask> left the Albion Band in 1993 and was replaced by songwriter, guitarist and singer Chris While.<mask> and Pat joined fellow south Yorkshire musicians Kathleen and Rosalie Deighton, Kate Rusby, and Kathryn Roberts for the highly regarded album Intuition (1993). The same year they released their debut album Lies and Alibi's. All the

masks:
Julie Matthews
Julie Matthews
Julie
Julie
Julie
Julie
Julie
Julie


title: Julie Matthews

texts:
 compositions were by <mask> including 'Thorn Upon a Rose', which was subsequently covered as a single by Mary Black and which charted in Ireland and Japan, helping to establish <mask>'s growing reputation as a songwriter of note. The album received critical acclaim being nominated in the 'rising star' category of the Great British Country Music Awards; this led to the duo opening for Mary Chapin Carpenter at Her Majesty's Theatre in London in 1994. However, soon after Pat returned to her career in teaching and <mask> rejoined the Albion Band. The Albion Band
<mask> and Chris While now became the mainstay of writing within the band. The 1995 release Albion Heart included the While/<mask> collaborations of 'Man in the Bottle' (with Ashley Hutchings) and the title track, which became something of a group anthem and provided the first evidence of a fruitful musical collaboration.In addition <mask> contributed three tracks, including the memorable up tempo 'Devil in Me' and the ballad 'Love is an Abandoned Car'. In 1995 Chris and <mask> toured Canada as 'The Women of Albion'. The intention was a one-off project, however, positive audience reception and their growing musical partnership led them towards pursuing joint projects. They released an EP Blue Moon on the Rise (1995) with five jointly penned tracks, including the since much recorded reworking of a traditional theme as ‘Young Man Cut Down in His Prime’. <mask>' solo debut, Such Is Life (1996), was notable for the fact that six of the fourteen tracks that had already been recorded. One had been taken by Fairport Convention to be used as the title track of their 1995 album Jewel in the Crown, (the anti-imperial message of which led to accusations of being unpatriotic) and 'Love me or Not' was covered by Frances Black. In 1996 <mask> and Chris joined with Christine Collister, Melanie Harrold and Helen Watson to form Daphne's Flight.They produced an eponymous record that showcased the formidable vocal talent in the group. The last Albion album with Chris and <mask>,

masks: Julie Julie Julie Julie Matthews Julie Julie Matthews Julie Julie


title: Julie Matthews

texts:
 Demi Paradise, was released in 1996. <mask> contributed to five of the twelve tracks, but by this point <mask> and Chris had decided to focus on their solo and joint work and left the band after the 1997 Cropredy Festival in August. While and <mask>

In the Big Room to Stages
<mask> co-produced Chris's solo album, In the Big Room, with writing credits for on two songs and instrumental contributions on every track. This was followed by their first album as a duo, Piecework, in 1998. This included what are often considered some of Chris and <mask>'s most powerful songs and marked the emergence of their distinctive and highly polished sound. It included the Matthews penned 'Class Reunion' which soon became a concert favourite; the moving collaboration 'Even the Desert' and 'Seven Years of Rust' which was based on her father's experiences: memorably expressing triumph over adversity.A busy recording schedule resulted in their second album Higher Potential in October 1999, which showcased their diverse influences. Tracks penned by <mask> included the wistful ‘Angels Walk Among Us’ and the up tempo ‘Digging Holes’. The following year there was the much anticipated double live album, Stages, which managed to capture some of the duo’s outstanding live sound and stagecraft, as well as many of their best songs to date. Quest to Perfect Mistake
Their third joint studio album, Quest (2001), was produced by acclaimed Ghanaian musician Kwame Yeboah of e2K and featured his multi-instrumental skills. It was hailed as their best album to date, and as cementing their position 'as two of Britain's most important singer/songwriters'. In this period Chris and <mask> began to tour frequently in the UK, Europe, Africa, North America and Australia. They are particularly well regarded in the last of these, where they fill large concert halls and attend the major festivals.For the 2004 release Perfect Mistake <mask> took the major share of the songwriting duties, contributing nine of the twelve tracks and sharing another two with Chris,

masks: Julie Julie Matthews Julie Julie Julie Julie Julie


title: Julie Matthews

texts:
 with her creations much enhanced by Chris’ outstanding performances, harmonies and instrumental skills. Here and Now to Shoulder To Shoulder
In 2005, they released Here and Now, recorded at the Worden Arts Centre in Leyland Lancashire, with a more acoustic and stripped down sound. The live vibe may explain its very positive reception in the music press, especially among more traditional folk commentators. In the same year <mask> released her second solo album Slow, which showcased some of her down tempo songwriting and which received positive, if not effusive, reviews. Stage 2: Live at the Firehouse (2007) was a second live album from the duo containing some fan favourites and songs written since 2000. In 2008 Chris and <mask> released their sixth studio album Together Alone to further critical acclaim, with Propaganda magazine describing the duo as ‘dealing so very tenderly with simple universal truths, they achieve their impact by an astute economy of expression allied to warmly accessible melodies and arrangements’. In 2006, they released their first 'Best Of' album which covered their duo career up to Here & Now.2010 saw the release of Hitting The Ground Running then in 2012 came Infinite Sky. Who We Are was released in 2014 and the single "If This Were Your Last Day" from that album was on the BBC Radio 2 playlist for three weeks. They appeared on Weekend Wogan live and were played on daytime radio. Their 10th album in 22 years Shoulder to Shoulder was released in September 2016. Diverse projects
While pursuing a career based around her work with Chris While and her solo endeavours, <mask> has fitted a number of diverse projects into a busy schedule of touring and recording. St Agnes Fountain
In December 2001, Chris and <mask> joined forces with Chris Leslie and David Hughes to form the Christmas project St Agnes Fountain, which combined original music, unique arrangements of classic seasonal songs, with a good deal of humour. They have toured in the pre-Christmas season every year since and released 'Acoustic

masks: Julie Julie Julie Julie


title: Julie Matthews

texts:
 Carols for Christmas' in 2001 to critical acclaim and have produced five subsequent albums: Comfort and Joy (2002), The Show (2003), Three Ships (2003) The White Xmas Album (2006) and Soul Cake (2008).Blue Tapestry
In 2002 the duo collaborated with outstanding instrumentalists Maartin Allcock, Pete Zorn and Neil Marshall for a series of live performances under the title 'Blue Tapestry', which cumulated in a rapturous reception by 20,000 fans at the 2003 Cropredy Festival. This was a show featuring the music of Carole King and Joni Mitchell, which resulted in a subsequent release of Blue Tapestry Live (2003). Radio work
As a duo While and <mask> have worked on several musical projects for the BBC including Tales of the Towpath (2005), a radio documentary about the building of the Manchester Ship Canal and the 2006 Radio Ballads. <mask> wrote 11 of the songs, covering four of the programmes for the critically acclaimed shows. In 2007, <mask> embarked on a solo tour that featured these songs, interspersing the live performances with recordings of the original testimonies the songs were written around. Party on the Lawn
While and Matthews have an annual festival 'Party on the Lawn' which takes place at Prebendal Farm, Bishopstone, Wiltshire in June. Rejoice the Voice
Chris and <mask>, along with fellow Daphne's Flight member Helen Watson, also tour with their woman’s vocal workshop 'Rejoice the Voice', providing women with an opportunity to sing collectively and improve their vocal technique.In 2009 <mask>, Chris and Helen released Bare Bones, featuring some of the songs they worked on at the 'Rejoice the Voice' workshops. Record production
As well as producing her own, Chris’s and some of their joint albums, <mask> has also produced albums for other artists, including Helen Watson's Somersault (1998) and Lifesize (2002) and Kellie While's Tenacious (2001). Awards
While and <mask> have been nominated as best duo in the BBC Radio 2 Folk awards seven times and as best live act twice and won the 'Best Duo' award in

masks: Matthews Julie Julie Julie Julie Julie Matthews


title: Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei

texts:
Grand Ayatollah <mask>-Qasim al-Musawi al-Khoei ( ; ; ; November 19, 1899 – August 8, 1992) was an Iranian-Iraqi Shia marja'. Al-Khoei is considered one of the most influential twelver scholars. After the death of Muhsin al-Hakim, he became the spiritual leader of much of the Shia world until his death in 1992. He was succeeded briefly by Abd al-A'la al-Sabziwari, until his death in 1993. Then his former student, Ali al-Sistani, took leadership of the seminary, whereby many of his followers became followers of al-Sistani. Biography

Al Khoei was born in the Iranian city of Khoy, West Azerbaijan province in 1899, Khoei grew up in Iran. Around the age of 13, he moved to Iraq and took up residence in the holy city of Najaf where he began studying Shia theology with the scholars of that city.He eventually attained the rank of Ayatollah and was subsequently made a marja. Khoei would continue to live in Najaf, becoming a teacher for the remainder of his life, and overseeing the studies of scholars who would be qualified to issue fatwas based on Shia theology. Due to his prominent position as a teacher and scholar in Najaf, he became an important leader of worldwide Shia's. He was made the most prominent Grand Ayatollah in 1971 after the death of Muhsin al-Hakim. In this position, he became a patron of numerous institutions across the globe that sought to provide welfare, and also provided scholarships to theological students from across the Muslim world. He is considered as the architect of a distinct school


title: William James Blacklock

texts:
<mask> (3 March 1816 – 12 March 1858) was an English landscape painter, painting scenery in Cumbria, the Lake District and the Scottish Borders. Biography
<mask> was born in Shoreditch, London, the second of five children. His father was <mask> (1782–1823), a bookseller and publisher, and his mother was <mask> (née Pearson) (1784–1853). The <mask> family had roots in Cumberland dating back to the 1730s, and in 1818 they moved from London to the small village of Cumwhitton, about eight miles east of Carlisle, where the family owned property and farmed. They are believed to have lived in Cumwhitton House, a detached, double fronted sandstone property dating back to 1818. As a boy, <mask> was apprenticed to Charles Thurnam, a publisher and bookseller in Carlisle and a friend of his father. He was, however, keen on drawing and decided to pursue a career as an artist.Carlisle had become an important artistic centre since the Academy of Art had opened in 1823, and <mask> was taught there by the Carlisle artist Matthew Ellis Nutter. <mask> exhibited at the Academy in 1833, and was described as a "rising artist" with a "feeling for nature and a correctness of taste." <mask> moved to London in 1836 and lived there until 1850, enjoying increasing success and renown. His picturesque style was likened to that of <mask> and he was praised by such artists as J. M. W. Turner, David Roberts and Thomas Creswick. He exhibited four pictures at the Royal Academy of Arts in 1836, and went on to show a total of eleven pictures at the Society of British Artists, four at the British Institution and thirty six at the Royal Academy of Arts during the period 1835–1855. It is believed that <mask> may have seen the cleaning of old masters in the National Gallery in 1844-45,

masks:
William James Blacklock
Blacklock
James Blacklock
Mary Ann Blacklock
Blacklock
Blacklock
Blacklock
Blacklock
Blacklock
William Mulready
Blacklock


title: William James Blacklock

texts:
 which would have been an invaluable experience in terms of the evolution of his own technique. In 1847 <mask> Gladstone bought <mask>’s painting Lanercost Abbey.<mask> and Lord Armstrong, both Tyneside industrialists and art collectors, bought several of <mask>’s paintings in the early 1850s, through <mask>'s admirer and friend of the Pre-Raphaelites, <mask> Scott. However, by 1850 <mask>'s health and eyesight were deteriorating, and he moved back to Cumwhitton and worked in a studio in Stanwix just outside Carlisle until 1854, when illness and the loss of sight in one eye made work increasingly difficult. In November 1855 his youngest brother Thomas had him admitted to the Crichton Royal in Dumfries, suffering from an illness described as "monomania of ambition and general paralysis." The Institution pioneered the use of artistic activity in treating patients, and his case notes indicate that he continued to draw until mid-1857; a drawing of a cathedral and a watercolour of Craigmillar Castle produced during this time have been attributed to him. After this he suffered further mental deterioration and died in the Crichton on 12 March 1858 of general paresis of the insane, or syphilis, aged 42. He was buried in Cumwhitton on 16 March 1858. An extract from his obituary described him as a "truthful and unpretending artist, who wooed nature rather than popular favour."Assessment

<mask> Scott recognised the early Pre-Raphaelite precision in <mask>'s technique and his great power of truth; indeed it was Scott and his artistic friends (almost certainly including Rossetti), who used <mask>'s painting Barnard Castle of 1852–53 to try to study his luminous glazes over a white ground which had been developed over many years. <mask> thereafter developed into

masks:
William Ewart
Blacklock
James Leathart
Blacklock
Blacklock
William Bell
Blacklock
William Bell
Blacklock
Blacklock
Blacklock


title: William James Blacklock

texts:
 an artist of great power. The Steps at Haddon Hall, exhibited in 1848 at the Norwich Exhibition, has been described as the first thorough going mature white ground technique Pre-Raphaelite-influenced English landscape painting, and both its technique and inclusion of Huguenot figures, representing a thematic trend in British art of the period, as seen in John Everett Millais's later A Huguenot (1851-52). Although <mask>'s art can be described as semi-photographic, <mask> rejected Ruskin's exact copying of truth to nature and the Victorian faith in facts for his own inner thoughts and imagination. Geoffrey Grigson had written in the mid-twentieth century that "<mask>, I reflect, belongs to the generation of Courbet, that creative wonder between Romanticism and Impressionism: he comes after Constable and after Corot," adding that <mask> participated differently in a naturalism of vision and imagination which changed the arts by the middle of the 19th century, and was related to a broader artistic response at the time to newly valued works of the Italian Renaissance by Giorgione and Giovanni Bellini. Writing in a Sotheby's sale catalogue in 2010, Christopher Newall noted that, "Although hard to place in the evolving pattern of progressive landscape painting in the mid-nineteenth century, <mask> is an important and intriguing figure who may be regarded as a pivot between the early nineteenth-century landscape school and the achievements of Romanticism, and the earnest and obsessive innovation of the Pre-Raphaelite school." National Gallery of Ireland, Dublin
Abbot Hall Art Gallery, Kendal

References

Sources

19th-century English painters
English male painters
English landscape painters
Deaths from syphilis
1816 births
1858 deaths
People from

masks: Blacklock Blacklock Blacklock Blacklock Blacklock


title: Elizabeth Barton

texts:
<mask> (1506 – 20 April 1534), known as "The Nun of Kent", "The Holy Maid of London", "The Holy Maid of Kent" and later "The Mad Maid of Kent", was an English Catholic nun. She was executed as a result of her prophecies against the marriage of King Henry VIII of England to Anne Boleyn. Early life
Little is known about <mask>'s early life. She was born in 1506 in the parish of Aldington, about twelve miles from Canterbury, and she appears to have come from a poor background. She was working as a servant when her visions began in 1525. Visions
On Easter of 1525, at the age of 19, while working as a domestic servant in the household of Thomas Cobb, a farmer of Aldington, <mask> suffered from a severe illness and claimed to have received divine revelations that predicted events, such as the death of a child living in her household or, more frequently, pleas for people to remain in the Catholic Church. She also urged people to pray to the Virgin Mary and to undertake pilgrimages.Thousands believed in her prophecies and both Archbishop William Warham and Bishop John Fisher attested to her pious life. When some events that <mask> foretold apparently happened, her reputation spread. <mask>'s revelations became publicly known and matters were brought up by Archbishop William Warham. The parish priest, Richard Masters, referred the matter to Warham, who appointed a commission to ensure that none of her prophecies were at variance with Catholic teaching. This commission was led by the Benedictine monk, Edward Bocking, <mask>'s spiritual advisor. The commission decided favorably, Warham arranged for

masks:
Elizabeth Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton


title: Elizabeth Barton

texts: <mask> to be received in the Benedictine St Sepulchre's Priory, Canterbury. <mask>'s life became very public; nothing unorthodox was found in her case and her alleged public healing from the Virgin Mary at Court-at-Street increased attention and gave fame to her and the Marian Shrine.<mask> became a nun, known as the Holy Maid of Kent, at the Benedict house of St. Sepulchre' Priory, Canterbury under Bocking's spiritual direction. In 1527 Robert Redman published A marueilous woorke of late done at Court of Streete in Kent which discussed all of <mask>'s "miracles, revelations, and prophecies" and the controversies leading up to the arrests and executions. In 1528, <mask> held a private meeting with Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, the second most powerful man in England after Henry VIII, and she soon thereafter met twice with Henry himself. Henry accepted <mask> because her prophecies then still supported the existing order. She also consulted with Richard Reynolds, a Bridgettine monk of Syon Abbey. He arranged a meeting between <mask> and Thomas More, who was impressed by her fervour. Her prophecies warned against heresy and condemned rebellion at a time when Henry was attempting to stamp out Lutheranism and was afraid of possible uprising or even assassination by his enemies.However, when the King began the process of obtaining an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and seizing control of the Church in England from Rome, <mask> opposed him. <mask> strongly opposed the English Reformation and, in around 1532, began prophesying that if Henry remarried, he would die within a few months.

masks: Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton


title: Elizabeth Barton

texts:
 She said that she had even seen the place in Hell to which he would go. Thomas More thought many prophesies were fictitiously attributed to her, and King Henry actually lived for a further 15 years. Remarkably, probably because of her popularity, <mask> went unpunished for nearly a year. The King's agents spread rumours that she was engaged in sexual relationships with priests and that she suffered from mental illness. Arrest and execution
With her reputation undermined, the Crown arrested <mask> in 1533 and forced her to confess that she had fabricated her revelations.What is known regarding her confession comes from Thomas Cromwell, his agents and other sources affiliated with the Crown. Friar John Laurence of the Observant Friars of Greenwich gave evidence against <mask> and against fellow Observants, Friars Hugh Rich and Richard Risby. Laurence then requested to be named to one of the posts left vacant by their imprisonment. She was condemned by a bill of attainder (25 Henry VIII, c. 12); an Act of Parliament authorizing punishment without trial. <mask> was attainted for treason by Parliamentary Act, on the basis that she had maliciously opposed Henry VIII's divorce from Catherine of Aragon, and had prophesied that the King would lose his kingdom. Although <mask> claimed God had revealed to her that he no longer recognized Henry VIII's monarchy, the Act of Attainder argued that <mask> was at the centre of a conspiracy against the King. <mask> was viewed as a false prophet who was encouraged to profess fake revelations to persuade others to go against the monarchy.On 20 April 1534 <mask>

masks:
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Barton
Elizabeth Barton


title: Elizabeth Barton

texts:
 was hanged at Tyburn for treason. She was 28 years old. Five of her chief supporters were executed alongside her:

Edward Bocking, Benedictine monk of Christ Church, Canterbury
John Dering, Benedictine monk
Henry Gold, priest
Hugh Rich, Franciscan friar
Richard Risby, Franciscan friar

<mask> was buried at Greyfriars Church in Newgate, but her head was put on a spike on London Bridge. She is the only woman in history to receive that dishonour. Legacy
Churches such as the Anglican Catholic Church of St Augustine of Canterbury continue to venerate <mask>. Popular culture
<mask>'s case is dealt with in the 2009 historical novel Wolf Hall by Hilary Mantel, and in its television adaptation, where she is played by Aimee-Ffion Edwards. <mask> and her prophecies are also mentioned in Philippa Gregory's 2014 novel The King's Curse; the sixth and final book in The Cousins' War series.<mask> is personally interrogated by Thomas Cromwell, Thomas Cranmer and Nicòla Frescobaldi in Shaking the Throne by author Caroline Angus. In the play A Man for all Seasons by Robert Bolt, <mask> is referenced during the interrogation of Thomas More as having been executed (she was executed about 15 months before More). References

Bibliography
 .
 .
 .
 . External links

 . 1500s births
1534 deaths
16th-century Christian nuns
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
English Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Executed English women
People executed by the Kingdom of England by hanging
People executed under Henry VIII
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
16th-century English women
People executed

masks: Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton Barton


title: Amber Rudd

texts: <mask> (born 1 August 1963) is a British security consultant and former politician who served as Home Secretary from 2016 to 2018 and Secretary of State for Work and Pensions from 2018 to 2019. She was a Member of Parliament (MP) for Hastings and Rye, first elected in 2010, representing the Conservative Party, and stood down from parliament in 2019. She identifies herself as a one-nation conservative, and has been associated with both socially liberal and economically liberal policies. <mask> was born in Marylebone and studied History at the University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics and Archaeology. <mask> worked as an investment banker before being elected to the House of Commons for Hastings and Rye in East Sussex in 2010, defeating incumbent Labour MP Michael Foster. <mask> served in the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change from 2015 to 2016 in the Cameron Government, where she worked on renewable energy resources and climate change mitigation. She previously served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department for Energy and Climate Change from 2014 to 2015.She was appointed Home Secretary in the May government on 13 July 2016, and given the additional role of Minister for Women and Equalities in January 2018. <mask> was the third female Home Secretary, the fifth woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State and the fastest-rising politician to a Great Office of State since the Second World War (before Rishi Sunak was made Chancellor of the Exchequer in 2020). She resigned as Home Secretary in April 2018 in connection with the Windrush deportation scandal. On 16 November 2018, <mask> was appointed Work and Pensions Secretary by Prime Minister Theresa May,

masks:
Amber Augusta Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 succeeding Esther McVey. She was re-appointed by Boris Johnson on 24 July 2019 and succeeded Penny Mordaunt in her previous portfolio as Minister for Women and Equalities. On 7 September, <mask> resigned from his cabinet and resigned the Conservative whip in Parliament, to protest against Johnson's policy on Brexit and his decision to expel 21 Tory MPs. She announced on 30 October that she would be standing down as an MP at the next general election.Early life and career
<mask> was born on 1 August 1963 in Marylebone, London, the fourth child of stockbroker <mask> (1924–2017) and magistrate Ethne Fitzgerald (1929–2008), daughter of Maurice Fitzgerald QC (grandson of the judge and Liberal politician John FitzGerald, Baron FitzGerald of Kilmarnock) and Christine (daughter of Augustus Bradhurst). <mask> and Ethne Fitzgerald were married for 56 years. Through her mother, <mask> is a direct descendant of King Charles II and his mistress Barbara Palmer. Her elder brother Roland is a public relations executive, and was a prominent Labour supporter. She was educated at New Hall School, Cheltenham Ladies' College, an independent school in Gloucestershire, and from 1979 to 1981 at Queen's College, London, an independent day school for girls in London, followed by Edinburgh University where she read History. After graduating from university, she joined J.P. Morgan & Co., working in both London and New York. <mask> became a director of the investment company Lawnstone Limited at the age of 24 in January 1988, taking over from her sister and brother-in-law.Lawnstone became involved with Zinc Corporation, which was taken over by Monticello in 1999, before going into liquidation in 2001. <mask> was a co-director of

masks:
Rudd
Rudd
Tony Rudd
Tony Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 Monticello between 1999 and 2000, but the company was liquidated in 2003. Craig Murray has reported that Monticello  “attracted many hundreds of investors... despite never appearing actually to do anything except pay its directors. Trawling through its documents at Companies House, I find it difficult to conclude that it was ever anything other than a share ramping scheme. After just over a year of existence it went bankrupt with over £1.2 million of debts and no important assets. Between 1998 and 2000, she was also a director of two companies based in the Bahamas, Advanced Asset Allocation Fund and Advanced Asset Allocation Management. <mask> helped to find extras for the film Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), for which she was credited as the "aristocracy co-ordinator", and appeared briefly in one of the church scenes in the film.Parliamentary career
After she had stood at the 2005 general election as the Conservative candidate for the Labour-held seat of Liverpool Garston, <mask>'s name was added to the Conservative A-List. Following her selection to contest the Hastings and Rye constituency in 2006, she moved to the Old Town in 2007. In the May 2010 general election, she was elected as the MP for Hastings and Rye with a majority of 1,993 votes. Shortly afterward she was elected to serve as a Conservative member on the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Select Committee. <mask> was vice-chair of the Parliamentary committee on female genital mutilation, which campaigned against FGM and called for tougher legal penalties in the area. She championed the cause of sex equality as chairperson of the All-party parliamentary group for Sex Equality, which published a report on women in work. <mask> chaired a

masks: Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 cross-party enquiry into unplanned pregnancies, which called for statutory sex-and-relationships education in all secondary schools.She has also called for a higher proportion of women in Cabinet. In September 2012, she was made Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne. In October 2013, she became an assistant government whip. In July 2014, <mask> was appointed Minister for the Department for Energy and Climate Change. Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change
Following the 2015 general election, where she held her seat with an increased majority, she was promoted as Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change. In May 2015, she was appointed as a member of the Privy Council. In March 2015, she published England's first fuel poverty strategy in more than a decade, pledging to improve the Energy Performance Certificate of all fuel poor homes to Band C by 2030.She also passed legislation requiring energy suppliers to provide a £140 discount to certain vulnerable consumers over the winter and install energy efficiency measures. In November 2015, she proposed that the UK's remaining coal-fired power stations would be shut by 2025 with their use restricted by 2023. "We need to build a new energy infrastructure, fit for the 21st century." In July 2015, Craig Bennett of Friends of the Earth accused <mask> of hypocrisy in claiming to want to address climate change while at the same time, in his view, "dismantling an architecture of low-carbon policies carefully put together with cross-party agreement over the course of two parliaments". <mask> replied that "[Government] support must help technologies eventually stand on their own two feet, not encourage a permanent

masks: Rudd Rudd Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 reliance on subsidy." <mask> participated in ITV's Brexit referendum debate regarding the European Union. She campaigned for the Remain side alongside Nicola Sturgeon and Angela Eagle.They faced Gisela Stuart, Boris Johnson and Andrea Leadsom. Home Secretary

When Theresa May became Prime Minister in July 2016, <mask> was appointed Home Secretary, thus becoming the fifth woman to hold one of the Great Offices of State, after Margaret Thatcher, Margaret Beckett, Jacqui Smith and May herself. In October 2016, she negated calls for Australian citizens to obtain easier access to live and work in the United Kingdom following the UK's departure from the European Union, which were supported by British Foreign and Commonwealth Secretary Boris Johnson, and Australian Foreign Minister Julie Bishop. <mask> also dismissed the idea that a free movement zone between British and Australian citizens – a measure supported by former Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott – would be established upon leaving the European Union, stating "there are no plans to increase immigration from Australia...so I wouldn't envisage any change". She was reappointed as Home Secretary after the 2017 general election, in which she retained her seat at Hastings and Rye by 346 votes. In August 2017, <mask> replied to an email hoaxer posing as the recently appointed Downing Street Director of Communications, Robbie Gibb, revealing that "positive announcements" were imminent. The hoaxer used <mask>'s public domain parliamentary email address but she replied using her private email, which is not secure.In September 2017 on The Andrew Marr Show, <mask> accused Foreign Secretary Boris Johnson of trying to undermine the Prime Minister, Theresa May, calling

masks: Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 him a 'back-seat driver'. She said to Andrew Marr: "I don't want him (Boris) managing the Brexit process." On 3 October 2017, during the Conservative Party Conference, it was reported that <mask> had hired Tory pollster Lynton Crosby to help her increase her majority in Hastings and Rye, amid speculation that she was planning to launch a bid for leadership of the party. In November 2017, after U.S. President Donald Trump retweeted 3 anti-Muslim videos from the far right group Britain First, <mask> criticised Trump for promoting the content and argued that Britain First is a hateful organisation. <mask> further went on that relations between the U.S. and  Britain are vital to the safety of both countries and have saved British lives. On 29 April 2018, <mask> resigned as Home Secretary after misleading the Home Affairs Select Committee on deportation targets. Later in the same day, Sajid Javid was appointed as Home Secretary.In September 2018, during an interview on BBC Two's Politics Live, <mask> was asked if she planned a comeback, to which she replied that she was "not without ambition". Internet crackdown

In October 2017, <mask> announced a move by the Conservative government to crack down on what British citizens are permitted to view on the internet. Piloted as part of a campaign against "radicalisation", <mask> stated that the government would be tightening the law so that British citizens repeatedly reading certain forbidden internet content could face up to 15 years in jail for looking at the websites. <mask> stated "I want to make sure those who view despicable terrorist content online, including jihadi websites, far-right propaganda and bomb-making instructions, face the full force of the law.”

Rise

masks: Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 in violent crime
<mask> denied seeing a Home Office report saying cuts to the police force likely were a factor in rising violent crime. A section of the report states: "Since 2012–13, weighted crime demand on the police has risen, largely due to growth in recorded sex offences. At the same time officers’ numbers have fallen by 5% since 2014. So resources dedicated to serious violence have come under pressure and charge rates have dropped.This may have encouraged offenders. [It is] unlikely to be the factor that triggered the shift in serious violence, but may be an underlying driver that has allowed the rise to continue". <mask> had denied that falling police numbers contributed to increased crime. Yvette Cooper wrote, "This is shocking. Surely Home Office officials sent the document to Home Sec, to junior ministers and to special advisors? Cant imagine a department withholding from decision makers the evidence & analysis it did for a new strategy. Something has gone very wrong in Home Office".Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

On 16 November 2018, <mask> returned to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions following the resignation of Esther McVey over opposition to Theresa May's Draft Withdrawal Agreement and the Brexit negotiations. Following the resignation of Sarah Newton, <mask> took on Newton's responsibilities as Minister for Disabled People. Brexit
Ahead of the 2016 Brexit referendum, <mask> supported the UK remaining in the EU. From late 2018, <mask> said that a second referendum over Brexit might be appropriate. <mask> said, 'Parliament has to reach a majority on how it's going to leave the European Union. If it fails to do so, then I can see the argument for taking it back to

masks: Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 the people again, much as it would distress many of my colleagues.' While in then Prime Minister Theresa May's cabinet, <mask> opposed no-deal Brexit commenting in March 2019 that it could cause 'generational damage' to the economy.However she withdrew her opposition to no-deal Brexit to retain her cabinet position in Prime Minister Boris Johnson's cabinet in July of that year. In June, <mask> described the prorogation of parliament in order to deliver Brexit as a 'ridiculous suggestion', and that it was 'outrageous to consider proroguing Parliament. We're not Stuart kings'. On 7 September 2019 <mask> resigned from the cabinet and surrendered the Conservative whip (became an independent MP). She cited her reason for resigning as she felt that the government's main objective was a no-deal Brexit over leaving with a deal. Local issues
<mask> has been involved in the campaign for the Hastings fishing fleet. Her maiden speech advocated wholesale reform of the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP).<mask> campaigned successfully for the construction of the Hastings to Bexhill Link Road. In early 2013, the Government gave the road the go-ahead for construction after ten years of campaigning. <mask> is now spearheading a campaign called Complete The Link to see the final stage of the road get funding for construction. She has supported electrification of the Marshlink Line from Hastings to , organising transport decision-makers for a series of rail summits. The line remains unbuilt as of December 2020, but if constructed would extend High Speed 1 into a high speed rail link from the constituency to Central London. In April 2013, a profile of <mask> that appeared in the Financial Times reported her referring to "people who are


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 on benefits, who prefer to be on benefits by the seaside... moving down here to have easier access to friends and drugs and drink." She responded by stating that "I am incredibly optimistic about Hastings.I described the well-known problems that Hastings has to the Financial Times but I also talked about the incredible investment in the town, the fact that unemployment is going down and that there are many positive things to say about it." Standing down as MP
On 7 September 2019, <mask> confirmed that she would not be standing in Hastings and Rye because she did not want to divide loyalties in her constituency. However, she openly considered the possibility of standing in a London constituency, with Kensington, Putney and Chelsea and Fulham touted as possible seats. On 30 October 2019, <mask> announced in the Evening Standard that she was not going to contest the upcoming general election even though Prime Minister Boris Johnson had asked her to stand again as a Conservative candidate, although Downing Street denied this. However, she added that she was "not finished with politics", opening the door to a possible return to Parliament. In 2019, <mask> endorsed and campaigned for former Justice Secretary David Gauke who was standing as an Independent in South West Hertfordshire against the Conservative candidate. However, she supported the election of Conservative candidates and endorsed the party nationally.Political controversies

Windrush scandal

In April 2018, it was reported that  the children of immigrants of the "Windrush generation" who arrived before 1973 were being threatened with deportation by the British government  if they could not prove their right to remain in the UK. However, the relevant


title: Amber Rudd

texts: documentation had been destroyed. <mask> apologised for the "appalling" treatment of the Windrush generation, but faced calls to resign from senior figures in the Labour Party. On 23 April 2018, <mask> announced that fees and language tests for citizenship applicants would be waived and compensation given to those affected amidst continued calls for her to resign. <mask> first denied there were targets for the removal of immigrants. Later, she maintained that she had not known of targets. Later still, The Guardian published leaked evidence that Rudd had known about targets: "The six-page memo, passed to the Guardian, says the department has set 'a target of achieving 12,800 enforced returns in 2017–18' and indicates that 'we have exceeded our target of assisted returns'.It adds that progress has been made on a 'path towards the 10% increased performance on enforced returns, which we promised the Home Secretary earlier this year'". The revelation contradicted <mask>'s public pronouncements concerning what she was aware of the targets for enforcing the removal of immigrants. The New Statesman said that the leaked memo gave, "in specific detail the targets set by the Home Office for the number of people to be removed from the United Kingdom. It suggests that <mask> misled MPs on at least one occasion. When questioned by Chair Yvette Cooper MP, she told the Home Affairs Select Committee that the Home Office had no targets for removals, then that she was unaware of these targets and that they would be scrapped. Now it emerges that she saw the relevant targets herself." Diane Abbott called for <mask>'s resignation.In response, <mask> tweeted that she had not seen the memo "although it was copied to my office as many


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 documents are", and said that she would make a further statement to the House of Commons. On 29 April 2018, <mask> resigned as Home Secretary, stating in her letter of resignation that she had "inadvertently misled the Home Affairs Select Committee [...] on the issue of illegal immigration". In September 2018, during an interview on BBC Two's Politics Live, <mask> said that she had little choice but to resign given the "justifiable outrage" at the Government's handling of the Windrush generation. Failure to declare conflict of interest
During her time as Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, when she was expected to make a final decision on the construction of the Hinkley Point C nuclear power station, <mask> was criticised for not declaring a conflict of interest arising from her brother Roland's role as chairman and founder of Finsbury; his lobbying firm represented a company that had a £100 million construction contract for the power plant, and the Register of Members' Financial Interests had recently introduced a new category of "family members engaged in lobbying". Orgreave
In October 2016, <mask> decided not to open an inquiry into the events at Orgreave during the 1984 miners' strike, saying that there was "not a sufficient basis for me to instigate either a statutory inquiry or an independent review". She failed to appear in Parliament to defend her decision, and was accused of having "cruelly misled" campaigners for justice in what they saw as her "bitter betrayal". Plan to compel companies to disclose foreign workers
At the 2016 Conservative Party Conference, <mask> suggested that companies should be forced to disclose how many foreign workers they employ.The proposal was revealed as a

masks: Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 key plank of a government drive to reduce net migration and encourage businesses to hire British staff. However, senior figures in the business world warned the plan would be a "complete anathema" to responsible employers, would be divisive, and would damage the British economy because foreign workers were hired to fill gaps in skills that British staff could not provide. Labour responded by saying that the plan would "fan the flames of xenophobia and hatred in our communities" and the SNP described it as "the most disgraceful display of reactionary right-wing politics in living memory". The plan was criticised as racist, leading <mask> to deny that she was racially prejudiced, and the plans were later dropped. <mask>'s speech was recorded by West Midlands Police as a hate incident following a complaint by the physicist Joshua Silver, but was not investigated. Unlawful detention and deportation of asylum seekers
In August 2017, an emergency High Court hearing was held to examine <mask>'s four-week delay in releasing an asylum seeker, who had been tortured in a Libyan prison, from a British detention centre. Concern was expressed that the Home Secretary failed to provide a satisfactory explanation for the delay in releasing the man from detention.<mask> also failed to provide a barrister for this proceeding and was instead represented by a government solicitor, a move which the presiding judge described as "inconceivable". In September 2017, The Guardian reported that <mask> had authorised the deportation of Samim Bigzad to Kabul, in breach of an earlier ruling banning her from doing so owing to the ongoing threat to his life from the Taliban. A High Court Judge found <mask> to be in contempt of court on three


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 counts, after she ignored orders to return him to the UK. Bigzad was later returned to London. Comments about Diane Abbott
In a radio interview in March 2019, <mask> attacked racist and misogynistic attacks against then Shadow Home Secretary Diane Abbott claiming that online abuse "definitely is worse if you're a woman, it's worst of all if you're a coloured woman" and "I know that Diane Abbott gets a huge amount of abuse, that's something we need to call out." <mask> was the target of criticism for her use of the term "coloured" instead of "woman of colour". Responding in a tweet, Abbott said the term was "an outdated, offensive and revealing choice of words".<mask> apologised for the remarks, calling it "clumsy language". However, former England footballer John Barnes, a victim of racism in his career as a footballer, defended <mask> claiming that people were focusing on the wrong issue and that people should be praising <mask> for challenging racist abuse against black politicians. Career after Parliament
Since leaving Parliament, <mask> was made a senior advisor at Teneo and an advisor to Darktrace. She is also a trustee of The Climate Group. In July 2020, she began presenting her own show, Split Opinion, on Times Radio, alongside her daughter, the journalist Flora Gill. In August 2020 her name was given media coverage over her possible undertaking of the role of Chairman of the BBC. According to her Twitter page, she now works "in the private sector, primarily in energy and cyber security."Personal life
<mask> married the writer and critic A. A. Gill in 1990 and they had two children, including the journalist Flora Gill. The couple separated in 1995, after Gill entered into a long-term relationship with

masks:
Amber Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd
Rudd


title: Amber Rudd

texts:
 journalist Nicola Formby. Gill and <mask> later divorced. <mask> was formerly in a relationship with fellow Conservative MP Kwasi Kwarteng. <mask> is a trustee of the Snowdon Trust, an organisation that helps young disabled people access education. <mask> has been a director of the Susan Smith Blackburn Prize since 2003, an annual award for a first-time female playwright in the English language.She also served as a governor of The St Leonards Academy in Hastings. References

External links

|-

|-

|-

|-

1963 births
Living people
21st-century British women politicians
21st-century English people
21st-century English women
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
British venture capitalists
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Female interior ministers
Female members of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom
Female members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Independent members of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Ministers for Women and Equalities
People educated at Cheltenham Ladies' College
People educated at Queen's College, London
People from Marylebone
Politicians from London
Amber
Secretaries of State for the Home Department
UK MPs 2010–2015
UK MPs 2015–2017
UK MPs 2017–2019
Women's


title: Robert Storm Petersen

texts:
<mask> (19 September 1882 – 6 March 1949) was a Danish cartoonist, writer, animator, illustrator, painter and humorist. He is known almost exclusively by his pen name <mask>.

Biography
He was the son of a butcher and grew up in Copenhagen in a lower middle class environment. After interrupted studies at the Academy of Art, he worked as a free-lance painter, illustrator and cabaret entertainer. Already during World War I he was a well-known artist, and from about 1920 onward he was almost a national "institution" as a humorist, partly because of his versatile interests. His first comic strip was printed in 1906, in the Danish tabloid Ekstra Bladet. He was for many years connected to the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende as a comic writer and cartoonist. As a humorist, <mask>. is related to British and American humor, with a strong touch of craziness and absurdity.Often his starting point is a plain Copenhagen jargon, combined with a Danish down-to-earth homespun philosophy and all kinds of fun and comedy; the common man's unimpressed comments on a crazy world. Though normally loved by most of his countrymen, <mask>. has also been criticised for being too toothless and petit bourgeois. In spite of his social background and interest of poor milieus, he very seldom shows deeper social criticism or revolutionary opinions; the dramatic age in which he lived left rather small stamps on his work. On the other hand he was no staunch giggler; many of his paintings deal with death, sorrow and macabre themes. He  painted the victims of social injustice and misery, often with a strong touch of

masks:
Robert Storm Petersen
Storm P
Storm P
Storm P


title: Robert Storm Petersen

texts:
 compassion. Melancholy and fear are not unknown to him, but his official appearance was optimistic. Drawings and paintings
<mask> left about 60,000 drawings and 100 paintings of varied quality.His drawings are very often illustrated jokes, or series of a theme besides artist sketches. Among his favourite themes are the vagabonds – who are portrayed as dressed-up petty philosophers – and the circus milieu that he regarded with much warmth. He is perhaps best known for his Storm P. machines, comic drawings of machines that perform very simple tasks through an unnecessarily complex and usually humorous series of actions. Other cartoonists who are known for similar machine drawings are Rube Goldberg and Heath Robinson. Besides that, he illustrated many books, often written by congenial authors – Mark Twain, Jerome K. Jerome and G. K. Chesterton, among others. As a painter he is clearly influenced by names like Edvard Munch and Toulouse-Lautrec, but often with an independent naivist touch. Later on, Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky seem to have been an inspiration in spite of his often outspoken ridiculing of modern art.Among his many themes are extérieurs from Paris. La Morgue (1906) and Kultur (1908) are two of his most well known paintings. Author
As an author, he wrote many short stories and tales, often parodies on detective stories or melodramas, small snap-shots from the Copenhagen lower middle class milieu, absurd and surrealistic tales or, especially, "monologues" put into the mouth of bums, artists, etc. Special kinds of tales were the monologues put into the mouth of his own dog, Vor ven Grog


title: Robert Storm Petersen

texts:
 (1926–1935), in which he let the dog reflect on life, death and daily life, sometimes with a light touch of sadness and pity within the humour. Comics
Storm P. is also well known in Denmark as the author of a number of comic strips (titles in Danish):

 De tre små mænd og nummermanden ("The Three Small Men and the Number Man") 1913–1923 is a play with situations:  three little men making mad pranks leading to success or failure, all accompanied by an even smaller man who delivers the numbers of the strip. En underlig Mand ("A Strange Man") from the 1930s was an absurdist strip cartoon about a man who reacts illogically and solves problems in an unexpected way. Peter og Ping ("Peter and Ping"), 1922–1949 was his greatest success, a comic strip about a small citizen and his friend (or adopted son) Ping, a speaking penguin.Their experiences in Copenhagen, spiced by Ping's absurd expressions and jokes, were extremely popular and even led to the foundation of a Ping Club for children. It also caused some international attention and was sold to Great Britain. Dagens flue ("The Daily Fly") that started in 1939 were drawings illustrating humorous philosophical jokes which often contained a deeper meaning. Theater work
<mask>. was also an occasional freelance actor and performed in several early Danish silent movies. He later acted in stage comedies to supplement his income. In 1920 <mask> created the first Danish animated cartoon titled Tre små mænd ("Three Small Men"). He also designed scenery for ballets and plays.Tribute
In 1982 he was featured on a Danish Postal stamp. On 19 September 2013, Google

masks:
Storm P
Petersen


title: Robert Storm Petersen

texts:
 celebrated his 131st birthday with a Google Doodle in Denmark. Storm P. Museum
Storm P. Museum is located  at Frederiksberg. Storm P. Museum first opened its doors to the public in 1977. The museum building is housed in a former  police station which dates back to the mid-1880s. The museum features expressionistic watercolors and oil painting together with a comic strip library, sound clips, photographs, films and newspaper clippings. The  museum also hosts a variety of changing exhibitions and educational activities.Quotes

 "Life is a circus: you go in, bow, run around, bow again and leave." "– What is your opinion of the world situation? – Nothing, something got in my eye." "There is something fishy about art that needs to be explained." "We human beings are strange creatures – we have to go underground because we have invented the aeroplane. (1939)"
 "Statistics is much like a streetlight. Not very enlightening, but nice for supporting you"
 "I'd like to buy a return ticket, please" – "to where?"– "here!" "It is difficult to make predictions, especially about the future," (this phrase is also sometimes, mistakenly, attributed to Yogi Berra). Literature
 Henry Chafetz: <mask> <mask> (in: The American Scandinavian Review vol. 40, 1952.) Ib Boye  (1982) Skuespilleren Storm P. (Carit Andersens Forlag)

Notes

References

External links
 Home page (entirely in Danish) of the Storm P. Museum at Frederiksberg (Copenhagen)
  (movie career)

1882 births
1949 deaths
Danish cartoonists
Danish comics artists
Danish illustrators
Danish poster artists
20th-century Danish painters
Danish humorists
Artists

masks:
Robert Storm
Petersen


title: Luis Ramos Jr.

texts:
<mask>. is a Mexican American former professional boxer. Amateur career
<mask> began boxing at the age of 10 in Santa Ana, California. His first trainer was Manuel Garcia. After a few years, he moved on to train with Hector Lopez. He went on to compete as a top amateur, winning several national championships. As an amateur, he ended his career with a 120-16 record. After falling short of a spot on the 2008 Olympic team, <mask> turned pro.Professional career
<mask> made his pro debut as a lightweight on October 19, 2007, knocking out Christian Jose Reyes in one round. Over the next year, <mask> continued his strong start, knocking out two of his four opponents in the first round. On July 30, 2007, <mask> faced fellow rising prospect Aaron Dominguez, stopping him in the fifth round. In July 2009 <mask> was signed to Oscar De La Hoya's Golden Boy Promotions. <mask> won his next eight fights in the lightweight division before moving up to light welterweight. On May 1, 2010, <mask> faced Allen Litzau on the undercard of the Floyd Mayweather vs. Shane Mosley bout at the MGM Grand Las Vegas. The first of his fights at light welterweight, he defeated Litzau via second-round

masks:
Luis Ramos Jr
Ramos
Ramos
Ramos
Luis
Luis
Ramos
Ramos
Ramos


title: Luis Ramos Jr.

texts:
 TKO.On January 6, 2012, <mask> fought Raymundo Beltran in the headline event of Showtime's ShoBox. A veteran boxer and sparring partner of Manny Pacquiao, Beltran was Ramo's toughest opponent to date. In a hard-fought contest, <mask> won by unanimous decision, winning the vacant NABA USA lightweight title. <mask> was stopped in his last two fights, one against Ricardo Williams Jr. on December 8, 2012, and recently Fidel Maldonado on November 11, 2013, on Fox Sports 1. In both fights, <mask> suffered cuts. Against Williams, the referee and doctor put a stop to the action in the 5th round due to the cut. In his fight against Maldonado, <mask>. was cut in the first round and ultimately being KO'd in the 7th round at the 17 second mark.<mask> is now in a scary portion of his career where his dream to chase a world championship is starting to drift away following these two fights against inferior opponents. Professional boxing record

|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align="center" colspan=8|26 Wins (10 knockouts), 2 Losses 0 Draws
|- style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;"
|align=center style="border-style: none none solid solid; background:

masks:
Ramos
Ramos
Ramos
Ramos
Ramos Jr
Ramos


title: Hannes Swoboda

texts:
<mask> (born 10 November 1946) is an Austrian social democratic politician who served as a Member of the European Parliament from 1996 until 2014. Within the Parliament, he represents the Social Democratic Party of Austria and from January 2012 to June 2014, he was also the President of the group of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats. Career

Career in local politics
After studying law and economics at the University of Vienna, Swoboda worked in the Vienna Chamber of Labour (1971–86) and was director of the department for urban policies and housing policy. Swoboda also held a number of different functions within the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ). From 1983, he was a member of the municipal council and member of the city council of Vienna. In 1988 he became municipal councillor, regional minister, responsible for urban development, planning, transport and external relations. Swoboda is a member of the federal party executive committee of the SPÖ and the Viennese party executive committee.Member of the European Parliament, 1996–2014
In the European Parliament <mask> was a Member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, where he served as rapporteur on Russia; substitute member in the Committee on Energy, Research and Industrial Policies; a member of the Delegation for the Relations to the United States of America; and a member of the Delegation to the Parliamentary Cooperation Committees in Central Asia. From 1997, Swoboda served as vice-president of the European Parliament's delegation for relations with south-east Europe. Much of his parliamentary work is focused on the Balkans - he is chairman of the Parliamentarian Working Group on Western Balkans -, the Middle East, Turkey and the Maghreb. He was rapporteur for the Accession of Croatia to the European

masks:
Hannes Swoboda
Swoboda


title: Hannes Swoboda

texts:
 Union. In December 2011 he recommended Croatia's accession to the European Parliament which voted in favor with a great majority. Besides the above-mentioned, Swoboda focuses in his work in the Committee of Foreign Affairs on Central Asia and Russia. In May 2013 Swoboda drew the anger of groups opposing Turkey's prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan for cancelling a meeting with Turkish opposition leader Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu over a controversial statement of the latter.After being leader of the Austrian Delegation of Social Democrats in the European Parliament, <mask> became First Vice-President of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats in the European Parliament and their Parliamentary Secretary. Other activities
 European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), Member

Political positions
Besides his involvement in foreign affairs, Swoboda focuses on economic policies and questions of inclusion, as well as the fight against the rising right-wing extremism in Europe. He worked on the question of Roma discrimination in Europe, Swoboda went on several fact finding missions to get to know the situation. The experiences are discussed in his recently published book: Roma - A European Minority. He is also a member of the Parliamentarian Working Group of the Advisory Board of "A Soul for Europe", an initiative that is building an international network with bases in Amsterdam, Berlin, Belgrade, Brussels, Porto and Tbilisi. <mask> <mask> supported the European cause by signing the Spinelli Group Manifesto. Personal life
<mask> <mask> enjoys painting and photography in his spare time.He is married to the former Austrian secretary of state for Europe and previous Siemens AG board member, Brigitte Ederer. Selected works
Recent Publications
 <mask> <mask>, Jan Marinus Wiersma (Hg.)

masks: Swoboda Hannes Swoboda Hannes Swoboda Hannes Swoboda


title: Hannes Swoboda

texts:
 Politics of the Past: The Use and Abuse of History (2009), Brussels 2009
 <mask> <mask>, Jan Marinus Wiersma (Hg.) Peace and Disarmament: A World without Nuclear Weapons? Brussels, 2009
 <mask> <mask>, Jan Marinus Wiersma (Hg.) Democracy, Populism and Minority Rights, Brussels 2008
 <mask> <mask>, Christophe Solioz (Hg.) Conflict and Renewal: Europe Transformed.References

External links

 Literature of/about <mask> Swoboda in the catalogue of the German National Library
 Homepage MEP <mask> Swoboda, hannes-swoboda.at
 Homepage SPÖ-Delegation in the European Parliament
 Homepage European Parliament Socialist Group
 A Soul for Europe

1946 births
Living people
MEPs for Austria 1996–1999
MEPs for Austria 1999–2004
MEPs for Austria 2004–2009
MEPs for Austria 2009–2014
People from Bruck an der Leitha District
Social Democratic Party of Austria MEPs
Social Democratic Party of Austria

masks: Hannes Swoboda Hannes Swoboda Hannes Swoboda Hannes Hannes


title: Pierre Daura

texts: <mask> (in Catalan: <mask> February 21, 1896 – January 1, 1976) was a Catalan artist. He was born on Menorca, Balearic Islands, Spain, a few days before his parents returned to their home in Barcelona and registered his birth there as February 21, 1896. In Paris, in 1914, his French identity papers were issued with <mask> as his given name, and that is how he is usually known; however, he is known as Pere where Catalan is spoken. <mask>'s father, <mask> (or in Spanish: <mask>), was a musician in the Barcelona Liceu Orchestra and a textile merchant. His godfather was the famed cellist Pablo Casals. His mother, Rosa de Lima Garcia y Martínez, died when he was seven. He and two younger siblings, Ricardo and Mercedes, were raised by their father, who never remarried.<mask> received his art education at the Academy of Fine Arts in Barcelona, known as "La Llotja". His teachers included José Ruiz y Blasco (Pablo Picasso's father) and Josep Calvo. Whilst at La Llotja he also worked with the stage designer Joaquim Jiménez i Solà. At age fourteen, with his young friends Emili Bosch i Roger and Agapit Vidal Salichs, he set up a studio and sold his first painting at his inaugural exhibition to the Catalan artist and collector Eduard Pascual Monturiol, who said it reminded him of Paul Cézanne's work. In 1914, Calvo urged <mask> to go to Paris to pursue his art career. He arrived there in the early summer that year and first worked in the studio of Émile Bernard, with whom he was friends for many years. Later, he studied engraving under André Lambert.From 1917 to 1920, <mask> served his three years of compulsory Spanish military service on Menorca and then returned to Paris In 1923, whilst painting a mural in Normandy, the scaffolding collapsed. He was badly injured and his left hand became permanently useless because of nerve damage. From 1925

masks:
Pierre Daura
Pere Francesc Daura i Garcia
Pierre
Daura
Joan Daura Sendra
Juan Daura y Sendra
Daura
Daura
Daura


title: Pierre Daura

texts: to 1927, <mask> and Gustavo Cochet, an Argentine artist, designed and made batik material for couturiers, until fire destroyed their studio and business. In the 1920s, <mask> frequently exhibited with the group Agrupacio d'Artistes Catalans, usually in Barcelona. In 1922 and 1926 he exhibited at the Salon d'Automne in Paris, but in 1928 he joined four others rejected by the Salon, Joaquín Torres García, Jean Hélion, Ernest Engel-Rozier, and Alfred Aberdam, and held a critically acclaimed exhibition at Gallery Marck: Cinq Peintres Refusés par le Jury du Salon. <mask> had met Torres-Garcia in 1925, encouraged him to move to Paris, and arranged for Torres-Garcia's first show there, at Gallery A.G. Fabre in 1926. In 1927, <mask> met Louise Heron Blair of Richmond, Virginia, who was studying art in Paris, and they married in 1928.Several years later, Louise's sister married Hélion. In 1929–30, <mask> joined Michel Seuphor and Torres-Garcia in organizing the group Cercle et Carré (Circle and Square), which promoted geometric construction and abstraction in opposition to Surrealism. Cercle et Carré included Jean Arp, Wassily Kandinsky, Fernand Léger, Piet Mondrian, Antoine Pevsner, Kurt Schwitters, Joseph Stella, Georges Vantongerloo, and others. <mask> designed the group's logo, which appeared on stationary, posters, and the three issues of a review; Torres-Garcia also used it later for his Círculo y Cuadrado (a name that also translates as Circle and Square) group in Uruguay. The only Cercle et Carré exhibition was held at Gallery 23, in Paris in April 1930. Virtually ignored by the French press at the time, Cercle et Carré is now considered of great importance in the history of modern art. The <mask>s visited the medieval cliffside village of Saint-Cirq-Lapopie, France, whilst on their honeymoon in 1929.<mask> had sketched in the

masks: Daura Daura Daura Daura Daura Daura Daura Daura


title: Pierre Daura

texts: village in 1914 and had admired the terracotta-roofed houses clustered around the towering church. One particular thirteenth-century house, although in bad condition, had especially intrigued him, and in 1929 he and Louise purchased it. They moved to St. Cirq in May 1930 and began the house restoration project that continued for most of their lives. Their only child, Martha, was born September 24, 1930. <mask> won the St. Cecilia prize (4,000 pesetas) at a painting competition at the Monastery of Montserrat (Santa Maria de Montserrat, Catalonia, Spain), in 1931, and used the money for a painting trip to Deya (Deià), Mallorca, during the winter of 1931/32. <mask> exhibited frequently in the years prior to the Spanish Civil War, with solo exhibitions in Paris at Gallery René Zivy in 1928, in Barcelona at Gallery Badrinas in 1929 and 1931, at Gallery Syra 1932 and 1933, and at Gallery Barcino in 1935. <mask>, with his family, made his first trip to the United States in 1934–35, where he and Martha met Louise's family.Many Virginia landscapes he painted during this period were sold at the Gallery Barcino exhibition in Barcelona. In February 1937, at the age of forty-one, <mask> joined the Republican militia to fight against General Francisco Franco's forces. He was forward artillery observer and was seriously wounded on the Teruel Front in August 1937. Sent home to France to convalesce, <mask> was given a medical discharge. Because he refused to return to Spain after the war, his Spanish citizenship (and Martha's) was revoked by the Franco government, which emerged victorious. Louise became seriously ill, and in early July 1939 the family made an emergency medical trip to Virginia. She recovered, but World War II prevented their return to France.They established permanent residence in Virginia, and <mask> and Martha became

masks: Daura Daura Daura Daura Daura Pierre


title: Pierre Daura

texts: naturalized U.S. citizens in 1943. Following the war, the family returned to their home in St. Cirq most summers. Rockbridge Baths, Virginia is a small village in the foothills of the Allegheny Mountains, near Lexington, named after the warm springs once used as a spa there. Louise's mother gave her property there, including the springs, and the <mask>s used a modest building on the land as a vacation home beginning with their first visit to Virginia in 1934–35. They also lived at the baths after they came to Virginia in July 1939 until early 1942, when they moved as caretakers to "Tuckaway", an historic property in Rockbridge County near Lexington. In the late summer of 1945 they moved to Lynchburg, Virginia, where <mask> was chairman of the art department at Lynchburg College for the 1945–46 academic year. He also gave private lessons, instructing a young Cy Twombly in painting.He taught studio art at Randolph-Macon Woman's College from 1946 to 1953, then returned to painting and sculpture full-time. In 1959, the <mask>s built a contemporary house beside the springs at Rockbridge Baths where they lived the rest of their lives. Louise died November 10, 1972, and <mask> on January 1, 1976. They are both buried in the cemetery of Bethesda Presbyterian Church in Rockbridge Baths. In the later years of his life, <mask> said, "All I have ever wanted to do is to find a way to paint. I have painted. I have worked.I have given myself to my art. That is what I have wanted since my very early age... to be an artist, good or bad... that is what I am." His prolific output of works in many media attest to his lifelong commitment to his art. Although the main body of <mask>'s work was strongly rooted in representation and the celebration of nature, he returned to abstract themes throughout his life. He is included in standard texts on Spanish

masks: Daura Daura Daura Pierre Daura Daura


title: Pierre Daura

texts:
 and Catalan painting and in 33 Pintors Catalans (Barcelona, 1937, reissued 1976) by the art critic Joan Merli. Before the Spanish Civil War, <mask> ambitiously pursued an artistic career. Subsequently, he created for his own satisfaction, fulfilled commissions, and sold works to support his family.He did not sell through commercial galleries after leaving Europe in 1939. Rather, he sold from his home of at exhibitions at academic venues and local art clubs. In the opinion of his daughter, Martha, traumatic experiences in the Spanish Civil War, followed by the tragedies of World War II, changed his outlook; personal fame ceased to be important. His work is now included in many private collections, primarily in Barcelona, France and Virginia. Major collections are also held by some forty-eight museums in France, Spain, and the United States. His papers, including letters to other Cercle et Carré artists such as Michel Seuphor are Joaquín Torres García, are in the Pierre Daura Center at the Georgia Museum of Art. The medieval village where Daura passed so much of his life, St. Cirq-Lapopie, is a French historic monument, as is his former home.The Daura property was donated to the French Région Midi-Pyrenées in 2002, and is now used as an artists' colony, "Les Maisons Daura", administered by the Maison des arts Georges Pompidou. See also
Cercle et Carré

References

Davis, Virginia Irby. A Biography of Catalan-American Artist <mask> 1896-1976. New York: The Edwin Mellen Press, Ltd. 2001. Macià, Teresa. <mask> (1896-1976). Barcelona: Àmbit Serveis Editorials, S. A., 1999.Pierre <mask> Archive, Georgia Museum of Art, University of Georgia. External links
 Georgia Museum of Art
 Lynchburg College: <mask>- His Life and Work
 GMOA's Pierre Daura Center on Tumblr

1896 births
1976 deaths
People from Menorca
Spanish emigrants to

masks:
Daura
Pierre Daura
Pierre Daura
Daura
Pierre Daura