title: George M. Cohan

texts: appealed to a wide American audience. In 1914, <mask> became one of the founding members of ASCAP. Although <mask> was known as generous to his fellow actors in need, in 1919, he unsuccessfully opposed a historic strike by Actors' Equity Association, for which many in the theatrical professions never forgave him. <mask> opposed the strike because in addition to being an actor in his productions, he was also the producer of the musical that set the terms and conditions of the actors' employment. During the strike, he donated $100,000 to finance the Actors' Retirement Fund in Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. After Actors' Equity was recognized, Cohan refused to join the union as an actor, which hampered his ability to appear in his own productions. Cohan sought a waiver from Equity allowing him to act in any theatrical production.In 1930, <mask> won a law case against the Internal Revenue Service that allowed the deduction, for federal income tax purposes, of his business travel and entertainment expenses, even though he was not able to document them with certainty. This became known as the "Cohan rule" and frequently is cited in tax cases. Cohan wrote numerous Broadway musicals and straight plays in addition to contributing material to shows written by others—more than 50 in all. Cohan shows included Little Johnny Jones (1904), Forty-five Minutes from Broadway (1905), <mask>, Jr. (1906), The Talk of New York and The Honeymooners (1907), Fifty Miles from Boston and The Yankee Prince (1908), Broadway Jones (1912), Seven Keys to Baldpate (1913), The

masks:
Cohan
Cohan
Cohan
Cohan
George Washington


title: George M. Cohan

type: original

texts: American Idea, Get Rich Quick Wallingford, The Man Who Owns Broadway, Little Nellie Kelly, The Cohan Revue of 1916 (and 1918; co-written with Irving Berlin), The Tavern (1920), The Rise of Rosie O'Reilly (1923, featuring a 13-year-old Ruby Keeler among the chorus girls), The Song and Dance Man (1923), <mask>, The Miracle Man, Hello Broadway, American Born (1925), The Baby Cyclone (1927, one of Spencer Tracy's early breaks), Elmer the Great (1928, co-written with Ring Lardner), and Pigeons and People (1933). At this point in his life, he walked in and out of retirement. <mask> was called "the greatest single figure the American theatre ever produced – as a player, playwright, actor, composer and producer". On May 1, 1940, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt presented him with the Congressional Gold Medal for his contributions to World War I morale, in particular with the songs "You're a Grand Old Flag" and "Over There".<mask> was the first person in any artistic field selected for this honor, which previously had gone only to military and political leaders, philanthropists, scientists, inventors, and explorers. In 1959, at the behest of lyricist Oscar Hammerstein II, a $100,000 bronze statue of <mask> was dedicated in Times Square at Broadway and 46th Street in Manhattan. The 8-foot bronze remains the only statue of an actor on Broadway. He was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1970, and into the American Folklore Hall of Fame in 2003. His star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame is located at 6734 Hollywood Boulevard. <mask> was inducted

masks:
Molly Malone
Cohan
Cohan
Cohan
Cohan


title: George M. Cohan

texts:
 into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame on October 15, 2006. The United States Postal Service issued a 15-cent commemorative stamp honoring <mask> on the anniversary of his centenary, July 3, 1978.The stamp depicts both the older <mask> and his younger self as a dancer, with the tag line "Yankee Doodle Dandy". It was designed by Jim Sharpe. On July 3, 2009, a bronze bust of <mask>, by artist Robert Shure, was unveiled at the corner of Wickenden and Governor Streets in Fox Point, Providence, a few blocks from his birthplace. The city renamed the corner the <mask> M. Cohan Plaza and announced an annual <mask><mask> Award for Excellence in Art & Culture. The first award went to Curt Columbus, the artistic director of Trinity Repertory Company. Personal life and death

From 1899 to 1907, <mask> was married to Ethel Levey (1881–1955; born Grace Ethelia Fowler), a musical comedy actress and dancer. Levey and Cohan had a daughter, actress <mask> <mask> Souther Rowse (1900–1988).Levey joined the Four Cohans when Josie married, and she starred in Little Johnny Jones and other Cohan works. In 1907, Levey divorced <mask> on grounds of adultery. In 1908, <mask> married <mask> Nolan (1883–1972), who had been a dancer in his early shows; they remained married until his death. They had two daughters and a son. The eldest was <mask> Ronkin, a cabaret singer in the 1930s, who composed incidental music for her father's play The Tavern. In 1968, <mask> supervised musical and lyric revisions for the musical George M! Their second daughter was <mask> Carola, a film

masks:
Cohan
Cohan
Cohan
George
George M
. Cohan
Cohan
Georgette
Cohan
Cohan
Cohan
Agnes Mary
Mary Cohan
Mary
Helen Cohan


title: George M. Cohan

texts: actress, who performed on Broadway with her father in Friendship in 1931.Their youngest child was <mask> <mask>, Jr. (1914–2000), who graduated from Georgetown University and served in the entertainment corps during World War II. In the 1950s, <mask>. reinterpreted his father's songs on recordings, in a nightclub act, and in television appearances on the Ed Sullivan and <mask> shows. <mask>.'s only child, <mask> <mask> (1943–1999), was the last descendant named Cohan. She graduated with a theater degree from Marywood College in Pennsylvania in 1965. From 1966 to 1968, she served in a civilian Special Services unit in Vietnam and Korea. In 1996, she stood in for her ailing father at the ceremony marking her grandfather's induction into the Musical Theatre Hall of Fame at New York University. Cohan was a devoted baseball fan, regularly attending games of the former New York Giants.He died of cancer at the age of 64 on November 5, 1942, at his Manhattan apartment on Fifth Avenue, surrounded by family and friends. His funeral was held at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, and was attended by thousands of people, including five governors of New York, two mayors of New York City and the Postmaster General. The honorary pallbearers included Irving Berlin, Eddie Cantor, Frank Crowninshield, Sol Bloom, Brooks Atkinson, Rube Goldberg, Walter Huston, <mask>, <mask>, <mask>, Eugene O'Neill, Sigmund Romberg, Lee Shubert and Fred Waring. Cohan was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx, New York City, in a private family mausoleum he had erected a quarter

masks:
George Michael
Cohan
George Jr
Milton Berle
George Jr
Michaela
Marie Cohan
George Jessel
Connie Mack
Joseph McCarthy


title: George M. Cohan

texts:
 century earlier for his sister and parents. In popular culture

 James Cagney played Cohan in the 1942 biopic Yankee Doodle Dandy and in the 1955 film The Seven Little Foys. Cagney won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance in Dandy. <mask> played <mask> in Mr. Broadway, a television special broadcast on May 11, 1957.The same month, Rooney released a 78 RPM record featuring Rooney singing <mask>'s best-known songs on the A-side. Joel Grey starred on Broadway as <mask> in the musical George M! (1968), which was adapted into a television special in 1970. Allan Sherman sang a parody-medley of three Cohan tunes on an early album: "Barry (That'll Be the Baby's Name)"; "H-o-r-o-w-i-t-z"; and "Get on the Garden Freeway" to the tune of "Mary's a Grand Old Name", "Harrigan" and "Give My Regards to Broadway", respectively. Chip Deffaa created a one-man show about the life of Cohan called <mask>. <mask> Tonight!, which first ran Off-Broadway at the Irish Repertory Theatre in 2006 with Jon Peterson as Cohan. Deffaa has written and directed five other plays about Cohan. Filmography
<mask> acted in the following films:

Gallery

Notes

References

 <mask>, John: <mask>. <mask>.The Man Who Owned Broadway (New York: Doubleday & Co., 1973)

Further reading
 <mask>, <mask>.: Twenty Years on Broadway (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1924)
 Gilbert, Douglas: American Vaudeville. Its Life and Times (New York: Dover Publications, 1963)
 Jones, John Bush: Our Musicals, Ourselves. A Social History of the American Musical Theatre (Lebanon, NH: Brandeis

masks:
Mickey Rooney
Cohan
Cohan
Cohan
George M
Cohan
Cohan
McCabe
George M
Cohan
Cohan
George M


title: George M. Cohan

texts:
 University Press, 2003)
 Morehouse, Ward: George M. Cohan. Prince of the American Theater (Philadelphia & New York: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1943)

External links

 <mask><mask> at Internet off-Broadway Database
 <mask><mask> In America's Theater
 <mask><mask> on musicals101.com
 F. Gwynplaine <mask>, "Dancing after retirement: Cohan plays Roosevelt, 1937", New York Daily News, March 20, 2004. Chip Deffaa's extensive <mask> M. Cohan site
 <mask>. <mask>; PeriodPaper.com c. 1910
 Finding aid for the Edward B. Marks Music Co. Collection on <mask>. <mask>, 1901–1968 at the Museum of the City of New York
 <mask><mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings

1878 births
1942 deaths
19th-century American dramatists and playwrights
19th-century American male actors
19th-century American male writers
19th-century American singers
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American singers
Actors from Providence, Rhode Island
American male child actors
American male dancers
American male dramatists and playwrights
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male silent film actors
American male singers
American male songwriters
American male stage actors
American musical theatre composers
American musical theatre directors
American people of Irish descent
American tap dancers
American theatre directors
Broadway composers and lyricists
Broadway theatre directors
Broadway theatre producers
Burials at Woodlawn

masks:
George M
. Cohan
George M
. Cohan
George M
. Cohan
MacIntyre
George
George M
Cohan
George M
Cohan
George M
. Cohan


title: Cetshwayo

texts:
<mask> (; ;  1826 – 8 February 1884) was the king of the Zulu Kingdom from 1873 to 1879 and its leader during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. His name has been transliterated as Cetawayo, Cetewayo, Cetywajo and Ketchwayo. Cetshwayo consistently opposed the war and sought fruitlessly to make peace with the British, and was defeated and exiled following the Zulu defeat in the war. He was later allowed to return to Zululand, where he died in 1884. Early life
Cetshwayo was a son of Zulu king Mpande and Queen Ngqumbazi, half-nephew of Zulu king Shaka and grandson of Senzangakhona. In 1856 he defeated and killed in battle his younger brother Mbuyazi, Mpande's favourite, at the Battle of Ndondakusuka. Almost all Mbuyazi's followers were massacred in the aftermath of the battle, including five of Cetshwayo's own brothers.Following this he became the ruler of the Zulu people in everything but name. He did not ascend to the throne, however, as his father was still alive. Stories from that time regarding his huge size vary, saying he stood at least between   and  in height and weighed close to . His other brother, Umthonga, was still a potential rival. Cetshwayo also kept an eye on his father's new wives and children for potential rivals, ordering the death of his favourite wife Nomantshali and her children in 1861. Though two sons escaped, the youngest was murdered in front of the king. After these events Umtonga fled to the Boers' side of the border and Cetshwayo had to make deals with the Boers to get him back.In 1865, Umthonga did the same thing, apparently making Cetshwayo believe that Umtonga would organize help from the Boers against him, the same way his father had overthrown his


title: Cetshwayo

texts:
 predecessor, Dingane. Furthermore, he had a rival half-brother, named uHamu kaNzibe who betrayed the Zulu cause on numerous occasions. Reign

Mpande died in 1872. His death was concealed at first, to ensure a smooth transition; <mask> was installed as king on 1 September 1873. Sir Theophilus Shepstone, who annexed the Transvaal to the Cape Colony, crowned Cetshwayo in a shoddy, wet affair that was more of a farce than anything else, but turned on the Zulus as he felt he was undermined by Cetshwayo's skillful negotiations for land area compromised by encroaching Boers and the fact that the Boundary Commission established to examine the ownership of the land in question actually ruled in favour of the Zulus. The report was subsequently buried. As was customary, he established a new capital for the nation and called it Ulundi (the high place).He expanded his army and readopted many methods of Shaka. He also equipped his impis with muskets, though evidence of their use is limited. He banished European missionaries from his land. He might have incited other native African peoples to rebel against Boers in Transvaal. Anglo-Zulu War

In 1878, Sir Henry Bartle Frere, British High Commissioner for the Cape Colony, sought to confederate the colony the same way Canada had been, and felt that this could not be done while there was a powerful Zulu state bordering it. Frere thus began to demand reparations for Zulu border infractions and ordered his subordinates to send messages complaining about Cetshwayo's policies, seeking to provoke the Zulu king. They carried out their orders, but Cetshwayo kept calm, considering the British to be his friends and being aware of the power of the


title: Cetshwayo

texts:
 before the British ordered their cavalry to charge the Zulus, which routed them. After Ulundi was taken and burnt on 4 July, <mask> was deposed and exiled, first to Cape Town, and then to London. He returned to Zululand in 1883. From 1881, his cause had been taken up by, among others, Lady Florence Dixie, correspondent of The Morning Post, who wrote articles and books in his support. This, along with his gentle and dignified manner, gave rise to public sympathy and the sentiment that he had been ill-used and shoddily treated by Bartle Frere and Lord Chelmsford. Later life

By 1882 differences between two Zulu factions—pro-Cetshwayo uSuthus and three rival chiefs led by Zibhebhu—had erupted into a blood feud and civil war.In 1883, the British government tried to restore <mask> to rule at least part of his previous territory but the attempt failed. With the aid of Boer mercenaries, Chief Zibhebhu started a war contesting the succession and on 22 July 1883 he attacked Cetshwayo's new kraal in Ulundi. Cetshwayo was wounded but escaped to the forest at Nkandla. After pleas from the Resident Commissioner, Sir Melmoth Osborne, Cetshwayo moved to Eshowe, where he died a few months later on 8 February 1884, aged 57–60, presumably from a heart attack, although there are some theories that he may have been poisoned. His body was buried in a field within sight of the forest, to the south near Nkunzane River. The remains of the wagon which carried his corpse to the site were placed on the grave, and may be seen at Ondini Museum, near Ulundi. Cetshwayo's most prominent role in South African historiography is being the last king of the Zulu Kingdom.His son Dinuzulu, as heir to the throne,

masks: Cetshwayo Cetshwayo


title: Kirpal Singh

texts:
<mask> (6 February 1894 – 21 August 1974) was a spiritual master (satguru) in the tradition of Radha Soami. <mask> was born in Sayyad Kasran Punjab which now belongs to Pakistan. He lived in Lahore during the period of his discipleship and attained a high position in the bureaucracy as a deputy comptroller of military accounts. He was the President of the World Fellowship of Religions, an organization recognized by UNESCO, which had representatives from all the main religions of the world. Beginning with the publication of Gurmat Sidhant, authored by him in the late 1930s and published under his Guru's name, during the period of his ministry he published many books and circulars that were translated into numerous languages. The teaching of the Surat Shabd Yoga is a path of personal spiritual attainment under the guidance of a living spiritual master. The basic teachings consist in opening the inner eye or third eye to develop vision of inner light and inner sound.This is considered to be the power of the unmanifested Godhead coming into expression and is called Word in the Bible, and Naam, Shabd, Om, Kalma, and other names in the other scriptures. <mask> <mask> taught that the practice of meditation on the Divine Word, or the Yoga of the Sound Current (Surat Shabd Yoga) was at the spiritual base of all religions. Life
From youth, <mask> <mask> had visionary experience and foreknowledge of events. He sought guidance from various sufis, yogis and mystics, but never

masks:
Sant Kirpal Singh
Kirpal Singh
Kirpal
Singh
Kirpal
Singh


title: Kirpal Singh

texts: accepted any of them as a master, and continued his spiritual practice and prayers for the guidance of a living teacher. In 1917, he began to see a spiritual form that he believed was Guru Nanak, founder of the Sikh religion. In 1924, he met Hazur Maharaj Sawan <mask>, the famous Saint of the  Beas, in his Ashram on the banks of the Beas River, and in him recognized the luminous form he had seen during the seven previous years. Hazur initiated him into Surat Shabd Yoga, and from then on <mask> <mask> dedicated his life to the mission of his spiritual Master and to his practices, while married, with children and in a responsible government position.Sawan <mask> asked him to meditate six hours daily, a practice which he maintained throughout his discipleship, despite his life responsibilities. From early the 1930s on, when Hazur was asked if he had a disciple who had made great progress, he cited <mask> <mask>. In the same years, on inspiration from his master, <mask> began writing the "Gurmat Siddhant" ("The Philosophy of the Masters"), a two-volume spiritual work, in the Punjabi and Urdu languages. It was published, on Kirpal request, under the name of Hazur Maharaj Sawan <mask>. In the 1960s, it was published in English in five volumes. Ruhani Satsang published a number of books under <mask> <mask>'s name that were essentially portions of Gurmat Sidhant. On the morning of 12 October 1947, Hazur Maharaj Sawan <mask> entrusted his disciple <mask> <mask> with the

masks: Singh Kirpal Singh Singh Kirpal Singh Kirpal Singh Kirpal Singh Singh Kirpal Singh


title: Kirpal Singh

texts:
 work of continuing his spiritual mission.The next month, Hazur approved the project of the "Ruhani Satsang" (School of Spirituality or Science of the Soul) Kirpal presented to him. Hazur Maharaj Sawan <mask> died on 2 April 1948, following a brief illness. After his master's passing, <mask> went to Rishikesh at the foot of the Himalayan Mountains, where he spent the next five months in an almost continual state of samadhi, or absorption in God. At the end of this period of intense meditation, <mask> <mask> received an inner command from his master: "Return to the world and bring my children back to me." He moved to Delhi, where people from Punjab were looking for refuge because of the division from Pakistan, and there began his spiritual and humanitarian mission. Kirpal initiated over 80,000 followers

Ruhani Satsang
In Delhi, <mask> <mask> founded his new school of spiritual research and realization, called Ruhani Satsang (School of Spirituality or Science of the Soul), which would go on to have branches in many nations of the world. In 1951 he built the Sawan Ashram, in the neighborhood of Shakti Nagar  on the outskirts of the city, where his spiritual talks (satsangs) were soon followed by thousands of people.He began to have visits from western disciples. The first was Rusel Jacque, whose account of his six months at the ashram in 1959 (Gurudev: the Lord of Compassion) encouraged others to make the journey. At the beginning of the sixties, an average 40 to 50

masks: Singh Kirpal Kirpal Singh Kirpal Singh


title: Kirpal Singh

texts:
 disciples stayed at the ashram from three weeks to six months. World Fellowship of Religions
In 1957, <mask> was elected the first president of the World Fellowship of Religions, an organization recognized by UNESCO, comprising representatives from all the major world religions. He held that position until 1971, and presided over four World Conferences. In 1962, he became the first non-Christian to receive the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem (Knights of Malta) for his spiritual and humanitarian work. On this occasion he received the congratulations of India's prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and established a spiritual tie with him that continued with prime ministers Lal Bahadur Shastri and Indira Gandhi.World tour

First tour
<mask>'s mission continued to grow rapidly. In 1955, he made his first trip abroad to spread his teachings, and spent months in the United States and Europe. It was the first time an Indian spiritual master had visited the West. In those years, Eastern spiritual practices were generally unfamiliar to the West. <mask> had hundreds of Westerners initiated and placed on the path of meditation, which he claimed led to contact with the Divine Light and Harmony. In 1963, <mask> made his second world tour, this time as president of the World Fellowship of Religions. He met with political leaders and other religious leaders, including Pope Paul VI and the Patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Churches Atenagora I.At the same time, he continued to

masks: Singh Singh Singh Singh


title: Kirpal Singh

texts:
 instruct new seekers on the path of the Way of the Masters (Sant Mat). On 26 August 1972, <mask> <mask> conducted his third and final tour of the West, where he received and instructed more than 2000 new disciples of the Path of Spirituality. Final year

In Delhi in February 1974, <mask> organized the World Conference on Unity of Man. More than 2000 delegates attended, including religious and political leaders from India and around the world. Over 100,000 people attended the conference in total. At the Kumba Mela (Festival of Religions) in Haridwar on 2 April of the same year, <mask> gathered sadhus (itinerant monks) and "saintly men" in the Conference of National Unity, with the aims of promoting cooperation, eliminating religious barriers, and bettering the economic status of India's poor. In 1974 <mask> <mask> established the Unity of Man conference, which was intended as a platform to bring together both religious and political leaders towards finding common ground and improved relations.This conference, under the name, Human Unity Conference, continues to this day. Legacy and succession

<mask> <mask> died on 21 August 1974 at the age of eighty. His death caused a succession dispute amongst his followers. There is Pier Franco Marcenaro, who, after his Initiation in January 1968, was his Group Leader and Representative in Milan, Italy, and is today a recognized successor by many disciples organized in an association called "The School of Spirituality". In 1963,

masks:
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Singh
Singh
Kirpal
Singh
Kirpal
Singh


title: Kirpal Singh

texts:
 <mask> <mask> had declared that he knew of no one competent to be his successor. Then He stated most forcefully: "Whoever may come up in the future, I tell you most definitely that he will NOT be a member of my family!" These succession disputes ultimately led to the proliferation of satsangs without connection to any descendant of the <mask> tradition.As of 2002, there were approximately 200,000 adherents of groups related to <mask> <mask>. Available teachings
<mask> <mask> wrote an extensive collection of books on spirituality, including The Crown of Life (a comparative study of various religions and yogas); Prayer, Its Nature and Technique; Spirituality: What It Is; Godman (on finding a spiritual teacher or guru), and The Wheel of Life (on karma). PDF versions of <mask> <mask>'s books are available free online., as are MP3 recordings of many of his talks in English and Hindi / Punjabi. Books by <mask> <mask>

 The Coming Spiritual Revolution (compiled, edited and introduced by Russell Perkins) – New Hampshire, Sant Bani
 The Crown of Life: A Study in Yoga – Delhi: Ruhani Satsang, 1961; Franklin, New Hampshire: Sant Bani; Bowling Green, Virginia: Sawan Kirpal Publications, 1980 ()
 Godman – Delhi: Ruhani Satsang; Franklin, New Hampshire: Sant Bani; Bowling Green, Virginia: Sawan Kirpal Publications ()
 A Great Saint: Baba Jaimal <mask>, His Life and Teachings – Delhi: Ruhani Satsang; Franklin, New Hampshire: Sant Bani ()
 Heart to Heart Talks (2 volumes) – Delhi:

masks:
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Singh
Kirpal
Singh
Kirpal
Singh
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Singh


title: Kirpal Singh

texts:
 Mr A.R. Manocha, 1975-6 (mentions Paul Twitchell)
 His Grace Lives On – USA: Ruhani Satsang ()
 The Jap Ji: The Message of Guru Nanak – Delhi: Ruhani Satsang, 1959; Franklin, New Hampshire: Sant Bani; Bowling Green, Virginia: Sawan Kirpal Publications, 1981 ()
 Life and Death [combined edition of The Wheel of Life and The Mystery of Death) – Franklin, New Hampshire: Sant Bani
 The Light of Kirpal – Franklin, New Hampshire: Sant Bani ()
 Man! Dressel, Hilde, The Eternal Connection, Bowling Green, Virginia: SK Publications, 1994. Dr Harbhajan Singh, Sant Kirpal Singh - His Mission in the Golden Age - http://spirituality.unity-of-man.org/images/1991-01.pdf
 Harbhajan Kaur, 1998, Nourished by Divine Love, Naperville, Illinois: SK Publications.Jones, George Arnsby, 1965, The Harvest is Rich: the mission of <mask> <mask>, Delhi: Ruhani Satsang; New York: Pageant; Indore: Kirpal Sewashram, 2007. Lane, David Christopher, The Making of a Spiritual Movement

 Malhotra, Sharan, 1994, Divine Darshan, New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Limited. Perkins, Russell, The Impact of a Saint, Sanbornton, New Hampshire: Sant Bani, 1980, 1989. Portrait of Perfection, Sawan Kirpal Publications. Sahai, B.M. & Rādhā Krishna Khanna, The Saint and His Master, Delhi: Ruhani Satsang, 1968. Sena, Bhadra, ed, As They Saw the Master, Delhi: Ruhani Satsang, 1956.Sena, Bhadra, The Beloved Master. Sena, Bhadra, ed, Ocean of Grace Divine. Stephens, Arran, Moth and the Flame. The Third World Tour of <mask>

masks: Kirpal Singh Kirpal


title: Kirpal Singh

texts:
 <mask>. Tessler, Neil, "Crisis and Renewal: Succession in Modern Sant Mat"
 Unity of Man, "<mask> <mask> Biography" - https://www.kirpalsingh-teachings.org/images/pdf/<mask>_<mask>_Biography.pdf
 Vidich, Andrew & Arthur Stein, eds, Heart of Compassion: the life and teachings of <mask> <mask>, Larson Publications. External links

Ruhani Satsang USA
<mask> <mask> Teachings
<mask> <mask> - His Life and His Mission
<mask> <mask> - audio and video files
Unity of Man: Be Good, Do Good, and Be One
Unity of Man: Spirituality - An Overview
Unity of Man: Conferences 1974, 1994 and 2007
<mask> Sagar (Ocean of Grace) - Man Making, Man Service and Land Service

1894 births
1974 deaths
Radha Soami
Sant Mat gurus
Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan in civil

masks:
Singh
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Kirpal
Singh
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Sant Kirpal
Singh
Kirpal


title: Frederik Ludvig Liebenberg

texts:
<mask> (August 16, 1810 – 23 January 1894), was a Danish literary historian, translator, critic  and publisher. He is remembered especially for his editions of <mask> and Adam Oehlenschläger. Childhood and education
<mask>, son of Lutheran pastor and royal confessor, <mask> (1767–1828), was born August 16, 1810, in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was said to be a weak child who was spoiled by his mother with the result that he was a slow starter. It was not until he was eight years old that he started at Pogeskolen, his first school. In 1823, he was sent Copenhagen’s most prestigious private school, Borgerdydskolen (Civic Virtue School), whose headmaster, the legendary Michael Nielsen (1776–1846), was said to  be a cross between a tyrant and a pedant. <mask> would later recount in his memoirs that Adolph Peter Adler and Søren Kierkegaard were both in the same class from 1823 to 1827 where they established a close friendship.The school was not, however, suited to <mask>, who was not very industrious. He therefore left school and, after being tutored privately, entered university in 1828. He chose theology as his field of study, with Hebrew as a special subject. However, as these studies had little appeal for him, he soon abandoned them. Life

In 1840, breaking completely with theology, he began to pursue literary interests. Within a few years, he took on a rather fruitful field of activity as a publisher of Danish classics. As he became a devoted literary expert, Liebenberg showed a distinct preference for the lighter side of life.He was quick to socialize and develop new friendships. He was particularly attracted by the freshness and originality of youth. In particular, from 1846 to 1858, when he held the post of library

masks:
Frederik Ludvig Liebenberg
Ludvig Holberg
Liebenberg
Michael Frederik Liebenberg
Liebenberg
Liebenberg


title: Frederik Ludvig Liebenberg

texts:
 assistant at the students' association, he constantly displayed a youthful approach to the association's business and festivities, even after his hair had begun to gray. In the summer, he could be seen rambling through Zealands's forests with one or other of his younger friends. Indeed, young students, including Jacob Voltelen, Georg Brandes and Otto Borchsenius, were attracted by his kind disposition, his reliability and his unfailing love for literature. 'Old Liebenberg' became the centre of attraction for a host of young people who were always ready to celebrate special occasions with him. Celebrating his completion of 20 years at the university in 1848, Peter Heise composed a cantata for which Jens Christian Hostrup wrote the words, and Kristian Mantzius made a speech.On the occasion of the Oehlenschläger anniversary in 1879, Brandes delivered a cordial speech to his friend <mask> while Sophus Schandorph sang a wonderful song he had written for him. <mask>'s warm affection for youth probably also explains the enthusiasm and interest with which he followed the latest developments in Danish politics and intellectual life, though perhaps he went further than was customary for a man of his age. On January 23, 1894, at the age of almost 84, he died in his bright cozy, bachelor home in Frederiksberg. Literary activity

<mask>'s literary activity is extensive. Already as a mature student, in 1839 he translated a collection of tales by Émile Souvestre. Fædrelandet, the Danish newspaper, commented on the excellent standard of his Danish prose. Later, from October 1855 to June 1857, he translated the short stories of Adelheid Reinbold (nom de plume Franz Berthold) and published them in installments in a paper entitled

masks: Liebenberg Liebenberg Liebenberg


title: Frederik Ludvig Liebenberg

texts: Avertissementstidende or "Advertising Times".Of much greater importance are his editions of Danish authors. Since abandoning his theology studies, he immediately embarked on his task of publishing the neglected works of Adolph Wilhelm Schack von Staffeldt whose Samlede Digte or Collected Poems appeared in two volumes in 1843. This was followed in 1847 and 1851 by the two-volume work: Samlinger til Schack Staffeldts Levned or "Collections for Schack Staffeldt's Life". The great lyric poet was regarded almost as rediscovered and received a eulogy in <mask> Heiberg's Intelligensblade which would have been more appropriate for Staffeldt during his lifetime. From 1847 to 1854, with the support of Israel Levin, Liebenberg published Holberg's plays in eight volumes. In 1845, he had already written a short introduction on Holberg entitled Betænkning over den Holbergske Orthografi or "Reflections on Holberg's Spelling". From 1850 to 1855, with the preliminary assistance of Christian Thaarup, he published the Samtlige Skrifter or "Collected Works" of Johannes Ewald in eight volumes, as well as an additional volume of Udvalgte Skrifter or "Selected Works" by Ewald.These works, however, led to unpleasant consequences for Lieberberg who was accused of coming close to infringing the rights of publisher E.L. Thaarup and his brother. In 1855, Liebenberg published a shortened edition of Christian Hvid Bredahl's Dramatiske Scener I-VI or "Dramatic Scenes". In 1856, came Holberg's 'Peter Paars', and in 1857 Frantz Johannes Hansen's Poetiske Skrifter I-II or 'Poetic Works'. From 1857 to 1865, he completed his 32-volume work on Oehlenschläger's Poetiske Skrifter or "Poetic Works" in 32 volumes. Oehlenschläger was an author <mask>

masks:
Johan Ludvig
Liebenberg


title: Frederik Ludvig Liebenberg

texts:
 had known as a young man and had learned to love. He then published a revised version of Charlotte Biehl's free translation of 'Don Quixote' I-II (1865–1869) and new versions of Ludvig Holberg's Heltehistorier or "Stories of Heroes" (1864–1865), Mindre poetiske Skrifter or "Less Poetic Writings" (1866) and Kirkehistorie or "Church History" (1867–1868). In his later years, <mask> repeatedly updated his editions covering the works of Holberg, Schack Staffeldt and Oehlenschläger, always demonstrating great interest for them and sometimes adding new commentaries.In 1877, his published his edition of Emil Aarestrup's Samlede Digte or "Collected Poems". Criticism

Until recently, <mask>'s works were considered exemplary. His Holberg editions have, however, now been strongly criticized. In particular, he is said to have taken an over-pedantic view of Holdberg's spelling, making it look more dated than Holberg would have wished. Some have maintained that it would have been more useful if <mask> had discussed the actual texts of Holberg's plays, including the great master's own carelessness in his writings which led him to introduce corrections of his own. Similarly, there has been criticism of his Oehlenschläger editions as he initially insisted on keeping strictly to the poet's own presentation but failed to maintain the approach later, for example in the 1879 edition of Udvalgte Tragedier or "Selected Tragedies". But there can be no criticism of <mask>'s diligence and care, or of the order and accuracy behind all his works, aspects which were often forgotten by earlier publishers.Notes

Sources

External links

Danish male writers
19th-century Danish publishers (people)
People from Copenhagen
1810 births
1894

masks: Liebenberg Liebenberg Liebenberg Liebenberg


title: Samy Vellu

texts:
<mask> s/o Sangalimuthu (; born 8 March 1936) is a Malaysian politician who served as Minister of Works from June 1983 to June 1989 and again from May 1995 to March 2008, Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts from June 1989 to May 1995, Minister of Works and Public Amenities from September 1979 to June 1983 and Member of Parliament (MP) for Sungai Siput from September 1974 to March 2008. He was a member and served as 7th President of the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), a component party of the ruling Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition, from October 1979 to December 2010. He is the longest-serving MIC president by holding the position for 31 years and one of the longest-serving Cabinet ministers by being in the Cabinet for 29 years. In December 2010, he announced his retirement from politics, paving the way for then MIC Deputy President G. Palanivel to succeed him as the new party president. Political career
<mask>'s political career began at the age of 23, in 1959, when he and Govindaraj joined the Batu Caves MIC branch. After five years, he was elected Selangor MIC committee member and the head of the party. He made headlines news by climbing up the Indonesian embassy's flag pole, pulling down the flag and burning it.He was charged in court and fined RM2. He was called Hero Malaysia on the front pages. He was a Member of Parliament for Sungai Siput constituency for eight terms from September 1974 to March 2008. During this time, from 1978 to 1979 he was Deputy Minister of Local Government and Housing. Then from 1979 to 1989 he was Minister of Works. He then served as Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts

masks:
Tun Samy Vellu
Samy Vellu


title: Samy Vellu

texts:
 from 1989 to 1995. From 1995 to March 2008 he was the Minister of Works until he lost his parliamentary seat to Michael Jeyakumar Devaraj of the Socialist Party of Malaysia (PSM) but contested on the ticket of the People's Justice Party (PKR) in the March 2008 general election.He was the second longest serving minister in the country during his times, after Rafidah Aziz. <mask> <mask> was appointed as Malaysia's Special Envoy of Infrastructure to India and Southern Asia, with ministerial rank, since 1 January 2011. The appointment was terminated by the new Pakatan Harapan (PH) government in 2018. Personal life

<mask> was born in Kluang, Johor, and is of Indian descent. <mask> is married to Indrani <mask> <mask>, who is also active in socio-political and various non-governmental organisations. He has one son, Vell Paari, who currently manages MAIKA Holdings and was advisor of Putera MIC and MIC Youth. He had also been appointed as Chairman of Unity and Community Development of MIC by its Central Working Committee.His daughter-in-law, Shaila Nair, was also active in Puteri MIC, a special wing of MIC dedicated to Indian women of Malaysia who are below 35 years of age. Professional qualification
He is a chartered architect and a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) and of the Malaysian Institute of Architect. Biography book
"A Life. A Legend. A Legacy" written by award-winning author Bernice Narayanan reveals <mask> <mask>'s greatest achievements and setbacks as well as "behind-the-scenes" events in his almost 50 years of active politics. The biography was launched by Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun

masks: Samy Vellu Vellu Vellu Samy Vellu Samy Vellu


title: Ciarán Sheehan

texts:
<mask> (born 19 November 1990 in Farran, County Cork, Ireland) is an Irish sportsman. <mask> played Gaelic football and hurling with his local club Éire Óg, his divisional side Muskerry, and was a member of the Cork senior football team from 2010 until 2013. In November 2013, he signed a two-year contract to play Australian rules football with the Carlton Football Club. Biography
Born in Farran, County Cork, <mask> was educated at Scoil Naomh Mhuire Fearann in the village before later attending Coachford Community College for 3 years and then Coláiste Choilm in nearby Ballincollig. Here he became a star on the school football team, winning Cork colleges and Munster honours in all grades. <mask> is currently attending Cork Institute of Technology where he is studying services engineering. Playing career

Club
<mask> plays his club hurling and football with the Éire Óg club and has enjoyed much success.After impressing in various juvenile grades he first came to promise as a dual player in the minor grades. In 2006 he won a county

masks:
Ciarán Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan


title: Ciarán Sheehan

texts: minor 'A' championship with the club's footballers following a victory over Blackthorns of Mitchelstown. Two years later <mask> added a county minor 'A' championship hurling medal to his collection after defeating Erin's Own in the final. By that stage <mask> had become a key forward on the Éire Óg's junior football team. He won a Mid Cork title that year following a one-goal victory over Dripsey. <mask>'s side later claimed the county junior championship following a 1–8 to 1–5 defeat of Ballygarvan. In 2019 he won a Cork Premier Intermediate Football Championship after his return from Australia.Minor, Under-21 and <mask> first played for Cork with the county's minor football team in 2007. That year he won a Munster title following a 1–16 to 2–8 defeat of Kerry. By 2008 <mask> had made it onto the Cork minor hurling team. He quickly added a Munster title in that code to his collection following a one-point defeat of Tipperary. <mask> subsequently joined the Cork under-21 panels in both codes. He enjoyed little success with the

masks:
Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan
Junior Sheehan
Sheehan
Sheehan


title: Ciarán Sheehan

texts:
 hurlers, however, in 2009 he won a Munster under-21 football title following a 1–9 to 2–5 defeat of Tipperary. Cork later played Down in an All-Ireland final in which little separated the sides.It took a late goal from Colm O'Driscoll to secure a 1–13 to 2–9 victory for Cork and an All-Ireland medal for <mask>. 2009 also saw <mask> enjoy some success with the Cork junior football team. He won a Munster title in that grade also following a 1–21 to 0–13 defeat of Clare. <mask>, however, did not play any part in Cork's subsequent All-Ireland victory. After a quiet season in 2010, <mask> secured a second Munster under-21 football title in 2011 following a 2–24 to 0–8 trouncing of Kerry. Cork were subsequently installed as the red-hot favourites to take the All-Ireland title once again, however, <mask>'s side were defeated by Galway. Senior
<mask> made his senior debut for Cork when he came on as a substitute against Dublin in a National League game in 2010.By the end of the campaign he had established himself at full-forward and went

masks: Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan


title: Ciarán Sheehan

texts:
 on to win a National League title with a 1–17 to 0–12 defeat of Mayo in the final. <mask> later made his championship debut in a drawn Munster semi-final with Kerry. Cork lost the replay but qualified for the All-Ireland final by taking the scenic route through the qualifiers. Down provided the opposition and a tight game developed on a rain-soaked day. <mask> chipped in with a point as Cork triumphed by 0–16 to 0–15. It was <mask>'s first All-Ireland winners' medal and Cork's first championship title in twenty years. In 2011 Cork retained their status as National League champions following a 0–21 to 2–14 defeat of Dublin in the final.It was <mask>'s second winners' medal in that competition. He later lined out in his first Munster final, however, Kerry retained their provincial title with a 1–15 to 1–12 victory. <mask>'s season came to an end in that game as he tore his cruciate ligament early in the second half. International rules
He played twice for Ireland against Australia in the 2013 International Rules Series. <mask> was


title: Ciarán Sheehan

texts:
 awarded the Player of the Series title for his efforts in the Irish record victory. Move to AFL
In November 2013, <mask> signed to play Australian rules football for professional Australian Football League club Carlton, on a two-year contract from January 2014. <mask> had previously trialled with Carlton during 2009 without signing a contract, but re-opened discussions with the club following the 2013 International Rules series.<mask> joined fellow GAA stars Zach Tuohy of Laois and <mask> Byrne of Louth, both at Carlton. After playing for Carlton's , the Northern Blues, for much of his first season, <mask> made his senior debut for Carlton on 9 August 2014 against . He played the last four games of the 2014 season and won the award as Carlton's best first year player for the season. However, recurring hamstring injuries severely hampered the rest of his career, and he managed only two more senior games over the next three years before being delisted at the end of 2017. Statistics
 Statistics are correct to round 19 of the 2017

masks: Sheehan Sheehan Sheehan Ciarán Sheehan


title: Zanana Akande

texts:
<mask> (born ) is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. She was a New Democratic member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 1994 who represented the downtown Toronto riding of St. Andrew—St. Patrick. She served as a cabinet minister in the government of Bob Rae. She was the first woman from the African Diaspora elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, and the first woman from the African Diaspora to serve as a cabinet minister in Canada. A daughter of immigrants from the Caribbean, she became a teacher and school principal in the Toronto public school system. After her election in 1990, she was appointed to cabinet as Minister of Community and Social Services but resigned because her private financial arrangements appeared to violate cabinet guidelines.A subsequent review cleared her of any wrongdoing. In 1992, she was named parliamentary assistant to Premier Bob Rae. In 1994 she quit politics after a dispute over the handling of an investigation and firing of Ontario civil servant Carlton Masters. As of 2009, Akande is retired but continues to be involved in the community, serving as a volunteer on boards and committees of local organizations including the YWCA and Centennial College. Background
Akande was born in downtown Toronto in the Kensington Market district. Her parents came from St. Lucia and Barbados, where they had worked as teachers. They were prevented from continuing their careers in Canada because at the time people from the African Diaspora were not allowed to hold teaching positions.She attended Harbord Collegiate before studying at the University of Toronto. There she received Bachelor of Arts and Master of Education degrees. She also attended the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. She was a longtime member of the Federation of Women Teachers' Associations of Ontario.


title: Zanana Akande

texts:
 Following in her parents footsteps, she worked as a teacher and a school principal for the Toronto District School Board. During her educational career she designed programs for students with special needs. Akande was a co-founder of Tiger Lily, a newspaper for visible minority women, and once co-hosted a Toronto Arts Against Apartheid Festival.She was a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in her youth and was friends with future NDP leader Stephen Lewis and his siblings, and was a longtime member of its successor, the New Democratic Party. Akande was married to Isaac who died of cancer in 1991. She has a son, David, and two daughters, Aderonke and Ajike. Politics
Akande was elected for the New Democratic Party in the Toronto riding of St. Andrew—St. Patrick in the 1990 election. Akande won the riding in a tight three-way race between incumbent Liberal Ron Kanter and Conservative candidate Nancy Jackman. Akande was the first black woman elected as an Ontario MPP.In the election, the NDP won a majority government and <mask> was named Minister of Community and Social Services in Bob Rae's first cabinet on October 1, 1990. As minister, <mask> presided over an increase in welfare benefits to Ontarians at the lowest income level. She raised the social assistance rate from 5% to 7% and increased the shelter allowance from 5% to 10%. She also announced $1 million in funding for food banks in an apparent contradiction to NDP policy against supporting such agencies. She recognized that the realities of the time meant the food banks were a necessity. In 1991, Akande was caught in an apparent conflict of interest situation. In December 1990, Rae announced strict guidelines which prohibited cabinet ministers from owning rental properties which included Akande.However, in February 1991, Rae wrote a private memo which

masks: Akande Akande


title: Zanana Akande

texts:
 softened the guidelines because he felt that a sell-off of these properties during tough economic times may cause undue hardship to ministers. On October 10, 1991, Akande resigned as minister due to an accusation of rent-gouging in properties she owned in Toronto. Rae accepted her resignation saying "it would be in a sense, better for everyone, including herself, if this was the way we proceeded." The charges were eventually dismissed in 1993. On May 4, 1992, the so-called "Yonge Street riot" occurred in Toronto due to media reports surrounding a celebrated court case in the United States about the beating of Rodney King by police and the ensuing riots in Los Angeles. While the damage along Yonge Street was relatively minor, it was a major event for Toronto. In order to manage the fallout from this episode, Rae appointed <mask> as his parliamentary assistant.One of her accomplishments was the creation of the jobsOntario Youth Program which created summer employment for youth from 1991 to 1994. <mask> continued as a parliamentary assistant until August 31, 1994, when she resigned from the Legislature in protest against Rae's handling of the Carlton Masters controversy. Akande was bitter about her time in government. She said "a government must reflect everyone in the province. But this government has compromised its base. I can't identify with this party." She stated that she would never again belong to a political party.After resigning from the government she returned to her former job as school principal. A by-election for the riding was subsequently called, but was superseded by the 1995 election. Cabinet positions

After politics
In 2003, Progressive Conservative cabinet minister Bob Runciman attributed some of Toronto's increasing  crime rate in racialized neighbourhoods to poor leadership within the Savannah rose


title: Zanana Akande

texts:
 community. Runciman accused some members as trying to make a living off fuelling bad relations with Toronto Police. <mask>, as a member of the Urban Alliance on Race Relations called the comments insulting. In 2004, she was awarded the Constance E. Hamilton Award for her work in addressing equity issues in the community. As of 2006, <mask> was president of Harbourfront Centre and was serving on the boards of the YWCA and Centennial College.She is also a member of the Urban Alliance on Race Relations. She was also a founding member board of directors of Milestone Radio, owners of Canada's first urban music radio station, Flow 93.5 in Toronto. During the 2014 Toronto mayoral election Akande endorsed John Tory. In January 2018, Akande attended and spoke at the 2018 Women's March in Nathan Phillips Square in Toronto. In May 2018, Akande was honored with the YWCA Toronto Women of Distinction Award. In October 2020, Akande endorsed Annamie Paul in the Toronto Centre by-election. References

External links

1937 births
Black Canadian politicians
Black Canadian women
Black Canadian activists
Canadian people of Barbadian descent
Canadian people of Saint Lucian descent
Canadian schoolteachers
Women government ministers of Canada
Living people
Members of the Executive Council of Ontario
Ontario New Democratic Party MPPs
Politicians from Toronto
Women MPPs in Ontario
University of Toronto


title: Spiro Xega

texts:
<mask> (15 June 1861 – 1953) was an Albanian painter. He is associated with the Albanian National Awakening and its ideals. He worked for the movement during the Albanian Declaration of Independence and continued after that event. He was always proud to be Albanian and so was inspired for a long time in his extensive patriotic and artistic activity. During all his life he fought for the independence of Albania. Birthplace and his artistic inspiration
He was born in Lavdar (center of commune of Opar) on 15 June 1861. In that time Korça was well known for the rich heritage of the popular art of Byzantine culture of the period of David Selenica.The area where he grew up, was a very attractive source for this artist. His education was not based on artistic studies but all of the techniques of paint he was able to absorb by practice and observation, achieving to create very expressive and originals figures. The beautiful nature of his native land and people, brave and hardworking, let strong impressions in the memory of this young man and became later primary models in his beautiful patriotic tableaus, portraits and compositions and other masterly reproductions from nature and photos. When he was 14 years old he was joined by his father, and left with many other compatriots to Istanbul. He went three times to Istanbul but there he did not acquire any property and never forgot his native country, that beautiful and gorgeous nature where the warriors of freedom used to repose. Painter’s technique
The beautiful art of paint and the first brush speckles he made, were in the restoration of The Blue Mosque and other churches in Istanbul. There he had contacts and a very profitable experience from many professional explorers of paint art and contemporaries in the world.New viewpoints were opened to him after the visits he paid to the art galleries of Istanbul, Vienna, Belgrade and Athens. From there he brought the oil technique, oil colors, and his first creations together with his impressions. We find paintings of this artist painted on plywood, tin, silk


title: Spiro Xega

texts:
 part of the treasure of the National Gallery of Arts in Tirana and it may be considered as a masterpiece of the author. It is unique and of great value characterized by a romantic theme and a patriotic inspiration. This is considered as the Pearl of Albanian art and the most prominent painting till the middle of the 20th century. Tableau of war of Mesolongj

At the center of this tableau are the brave warriors Marko Boçari, Foto Xhavella and many others Albanians fraternized with Greeks fighting against ottomans in the Greek revolution of 1821. This paint shows the energy of the movements and details of the traditional wear of that period. Figure of Skenderbeg

<mask> <mask> is the only Albanian painter of that time who painted patriotic themes. He treated the figure of our national hero Skenderbe in 15 pieces.It is very obvious the dynamism of the movements of the hero and also of his horse. There is a perfect harmony of bended streaks of sword, kilt, beard and hair flowing backwards because of the intensive action of the hero in the battle. A very symbolic particular we can notice are the clothes of the hero where we see the north Albanian wear combined with south Albanian wear, short woolen jacket  and  kilt symbolizing the unification of Albanian country. This paint is always present in the illustrations of the Albanian history school books. Also another symbolic painting is the portrait of Donika Kastrioti the wife of the hero, as a perfect Albanian woman dressed with a national costume. First drawing course in Albania

Taking part in different patriotic unions he opened the first course of drawing in Korça. His first students were those who later became a very successful generation of painters as Guri Madhi, Vangjush Tushi etc... Generally they used to work in graphics using carbon pencils and taking different models.Paint and photography

There are known connections of the painter <mask> <mask> with talented patriotic photographs Kristo Sulidhi in Korca and Kol Marubi in Shkodër. They have had a very reciprocal collaboration. From Kristo

masks: Spiro Xega Spiro Xega


title: Spiro Xega

texts:
 Sulidhi he took the different positions of warriors and from Marubi he took portraits and the typical dresses of the north as woolen jackets, jerkins, pistols kept in belt etc. This is seen also on the figure of Skenderbeu of the year 1936. Creativity of <mask> Xega as a national treasure

Counting about 137 paint works as portraits, compositions, tableau, quiet nature, created a real artistic ensemble which for a long time and now continue to affect the development of figurative arts and patriotic and artistic education of Albanian people. He used to expose his paints in his private shop. Before the liberation of the country in 1944 he participated at three different exhibitions where he was very appreciated.In the year 1956 he opened an exhibition of all of his works in Tirana and his works were highly appraised. His home had always been a home gallery and was visited by Albanians and foreigners (we can mention here the Russian producer Ilia Kopain and the artist Akaki Khorava, of the famous movie of Skënderbeu, who depicted the figure of Skënderbeu on the creativity of the painter <mask> <mask>. The artistic and genetic inheritance of the painter
The painter <mask> <mask>, left us a rich and unique legacy through his paintbrush. His artistic creativity has a variety of works such as graphics, oil, mural, icons. There are approximately 137 pieces of different genres which are part of our national art culture in museums and in Albanian families in and out Albania. His relatives in the USA got a number of his paints, which are of a great value. We can say that the painting skills of <mask> still runs in the blood of the <mask> family.His nephew Ilia <mask> has participated successfully in many regional exhibitions, his grand nephew Dhimitri <mask> has continued also to inherit successfully the art of painting and is enriching even more the artistic treasure of the paintings in Xega Family. References

External links
 http://spiroxega.wetpaint.com/
<mask> <mask>, the great Albanian painter

Albanian painters
People from Skrapar
1861 births
1953

masks: Spiro Spiro Xega Spiro Xega Spiro Xega Xega Xega Spiro Xega


title: John Blackadder (soldier)

texts:
Lieutenant-Colonel <mask> (14 September 1664 – 31 August 1729) was a Scottish soldier who served with the Cameronian Regiment during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The fifth son of dissenting minister <mask>, he was a devout Calvinist, and joined the Cameronians – a predominantly religious regiment – as a volunteer cadet when they were raised in 1689 to fight for King William III. He soldiered with the regiment through the campaign in Flanders, where he was court-martialled and later pardoned for killing an officer in a duel, and then during the War of the Spanish Succession. He was wounded at the Battle of Blenheim, and twice wounded at the siege of Lille; after the Battle of Malplaquet he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and took command of the regiment. He resigned his commission two years later, and retired to Edinburgh. In later life he focused his work on ecclesiastical matters, becoming a member of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. During the Jacobite rising of 1715 he was appointed colonel of a regiment raised in Glasgow to guard the city, and after the war made deputy-governor of Stirling Castle.Early years

<mask> was born in September 1664 at Glencairn in Dumfriesshire, the fifth son of <mask> and Janet Haining. His father was a Presbyterian minister who had been removed from his parish in 1662, forbidden to preach, and imprisoned on the Bass Rock where he died. <mask>'s brothers included William, the eldest son, later a doctor and conspirator with William of Orange, and Adam, the second son, who wrote a history of the covenanting movement. Shortly after <mask>'s birth, his father began

masks:
John Blackadder
John Blackadder
John Blackadder
John Blackadder
John
Blackadder


title: John Blackadder (soldier)

texts:
 by the King the following May and restored to his position; it did not seem to affect his standing in the regiment significantly, as he was promoted to captain, commanding a company, in January 1693.The regiment served at the battles of Steenkirk, in August 1692, and Landen, in July 1693. The regiment remained in the Low Countries for some time, before moving to Perth; in 1702, following the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Succession, they returned to Europe as part of an army under Marlborough. With his regiment, <mask> fought at Schellenberg and Blenheim in 1704; at Blenheim, he was wounded, but recovered and was promoted to Major in October 1705. He then served at Ramillies in 1706, and Oudenarde and Wynendaele in 1708; the same year, the regiment besieged Lille, where Blackadder was again wounded twice. At the Battle of Malplaquet in 1709, the regiment's colonel, Cranston, was wounded; Blackadder was promoted lieutenant-colonel and took over command. He led the regiment for two years, through the sieges of Douai and Bouchain, before selling the colonelcy to George Forrester, 5th Lord Forrester in 1711. He left the Army on 12 October.Later life

After leaving the regiment in the Netherlands, <mask> returned to Scotland, where he lived in Edinburgh and later Stirling. He was closely involved with the Church of Scotland, becoming an elder of his parish church and a member of the General Assembly. During the Jacobite rising of 1715, a regiment of loyalist volunteers was raised in Glasgow. It was ordered to garrison Stirling, then under threat from the Highlanders who had occupied Perth. After it had arrived in the city, Blackadder

masks: Blackadder Blackadder


title: John Blackadder (soldier)

texts:
 was made its colonel on 20 September. He drilled the volunteers through late September and October, and on 12 November was alerted that a Jacobite force was advancing south. The regiment was posted to guard the bridge which controlled access to the city from the north, and Blackadder remained with them through the night.The Jacobite force was engaged by regular forces the next day at the Battle of Sherrifmuir, about eight miles north-east of the city, and forced to retreat. The battle was at first inconclusive, however, and <mask> held his forces on the bridge throughout the day in the belief that the Hanoverian army had been routed and the city would shortly be besieged. The volunteer regiment was stood down and marched home on the 22nd, after the news of the Battle of Preston on the 18th had made it clear the Jacobite threat was now passed. Blackadder then joined the main force of the government army, and accompanied them until early February, when Perth was recaptured. For his services during the rebellion he was appointed the deputy-governor of Stirling Castle in March 1717. He was later made a Justice of the Peace in 1719, and was again appointed to the General Assembly in 1725. He died on 31 August 1729, aged sixty-four, and was buried in the West Church of Stirling, where a marble tablet was put up by his great-nephew.His wife outlived him, and later married Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglas and Dunderave Castle. Notes

References

1664 births
1729 deaths
British military personnel of the War of the Spanish Succession
Cameronians officers
Covenanters
People from Dumfries and Galloway
British military personnel of the Nine Years'


title: Alice Cunningham Fletcher

texts:
<mask> (March 15, 1838 in HavanaApril 6, 1923 in Washington, D.C.) was an American ethnologist, anthropologist, and social scientist who studied and documented American Indian culture. Early life and education
Not much is known about <mask>'s parents; her father was a New York lawyer and her mother was from a prominent Boston family. Her parents moved to Havana, Cuba in vain hopes of easing her father's illness with a better climate. <mask> was born there in 1838. After her father died in 1839, the family moved to Brooklyn Heights, New York City. <mask> was enrolled in the  Brooklyn Female Academy, an exclusive school for the elite. <mask> taught school and later became a public lecturer to support herself, arguing that anthropologists and archaeologists were best at uncovering ancient history of humans.She also advocated for the education of Native Americans "so that they could gain accoutrements of civilization." <mask> credited Frederic Ward Putnam for stimulating her interest in American Indian culture and began working with him at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University. She studied the remnants of the Indian civilization in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and became a member of the Archaeological Institute of America in 1879. From 1881, <mask> was involved with the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, where native children learned English, arithmetic, and skills designed to allow them to be

masks:
Alice Cunningham Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Career Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher


title: Alice Cunningham Fletcher

texts: integrated American citizens. In 1881, <mask> made an unprecedented trip to live with and study the Sioux on their reservation as a representative of the Peabody Museum. She was accompanied by Susette "Bright Eyes" La Flesche, an Omaha spokeswoman who had served as interpreter for Standing Bear in 1879 in his landmark civil rights trial. Also with them was Thomas Tibbles, a journalist who had helped publicize Standing Bear's cause and arranged a several-month lecture tour in the United States.These times also marked the beginning of <mask>'s 40-year association with Francis La Flesche, Susette's half brother. They collaborated professionally and had an informal mother-son relationship. They shared a house in Washington, D.C., beginning in 1890. In addition to her research and writing, <mask> worked in several special appointed positions during the late nineteenth century. In 1883 she was appointed special agent by the US to allot lands to the Miwok tribes, in 1884 she prepared and sent to the World Cotton Centennial an exhibit showing the progress of civilization among the Indians of North America in the quarter-century previous, and in 1886 visited the natives of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands on a mission from the commissioner of education. In 1887 she was appointed United States special agent in the allotment of lands among the Winnebago and the Nez Perce under the Dawes Act. She was made assistant in ethnology at the Peabody

masks: Fletcher Fletcher Fletcher


title: Alice Cunningham Fletcher

texts: Museum in 1882, and in 1891 received the Thaw fellowship, which was created for her.Active in professional societies, she was elected president of the Anthropological Society of Washington and in 1905 as the first woman president of the American Folklore Society. She also served as vice-president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was a longtime member of the Literary Society of Washington. Working through the Women's National Indian Association, <mask> introduced a system of making small loans to Indians, wherewith they might buy land and houses. She also helped secure a loan for Susan LaFlesche, an Omaha woman, to enable her studies at medical school. Graduating at the top of her class, LaFlesche became the first Native American woman doctor in the United States. Later <mask> helped write, lobbied for and helped administer the Dawes Act of 1887, which broke up reservations and distributed communal land in allotments for individual household ownership of land parcels. In 1888, <mask> published Indian Education and Civilization, a special report of the Bureau of Education.She was a pioneer in the study of American Indian music, a field of research inaugurated by a paper she gave in 1893 before the Chicago Anthropological Conference. In 1898 at the Congress of Musicians held in Omaha during the Trans-Mississippi Exposition, she read several essays upon the songs of the North American Indians. A number


title: Alice Cunningham Fletcher

texts:
 of Omaha Indians sang their native melodies. Out of this grew her Indian Story and Song from North America (1900), exploring a stage of development antecedent to that in which culture music appeared. <mask> worked with Frederic Ward Putnam in his research on Serpents Mound in Ohio and assisted in the efforts to raise funds to purchase the site in 1886. The site was donated to the Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society in 1900 and is a National Historic Landmark. In 1930, Margaret Mead started work  with the Omaha, and decided to concentrate on the modern aspects of the tribe, because of the extensive work already done by <mask>.Over her lifetime <mask> worked with and for the Omaha, Pawnee, Sioux, Arapaho, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Oto, Nez Percé, Ponca and Winnebago tribes. Dawes Act
<mask> helped write and pass the Dawes Act of 1887. This act imposed a system of private land ownership on Indigenous tribes. This was a big difference because traditionally these tribes had communal land ownership. Individual Indigenous peoples would be allotted up to 160 acres of land. This land was tax-free and was to be held in trust by the government for a period of 25 years. At the time, she thought it would enable American Indians to assimilate to European-American ways, as their best means of survival.The government also wanted to gain "surplus" land for sale to other Americans. The Dawes Act was accountable for the inevitable breakup of all

masks:
Fletcher
Alice Fletcher
Alice Fletcher
Alice Fletcher


title: Alice Cunningham Fletcher

texts:
 Indigenous reservations. By 1932 the amount of land acquired was approximately 92,000,000 of the 138,000,000 acres Indigenous groups had owned in 1887. <mask>'s land allotment work has been viewed as an error in the administration policies of Native American peoples and their land. <mask> herself may have even realized this error because she abandoned her political policy work to focus strictly on more ethnographical work after the turn of the century. Fieldwork among the Sioux
<mask> wrote about the experiences of her 1881 field trip in two journals. These journals included drawings of the plains, reservations, and many of her different campsites throughout eastern Nebraska and South Dakota.Even though many of her writings regarding the Sioux would seem rather insensible by contemporary anthropological standards, "Her writings reflect the attitudes regarding the movement of history and social evolution prevalent in her day". Author
In 1911, with Francis La Flesche, she published The Omaha Tribe. It is still considered to be the definitive work on the subject. Altogether she wrote 46 monographs on ethnology. In 1908 she led in founding the School of American Archaeology in Santa Fe, New Mexico. From 1899 until 1916 <mask> was on the editorial board of the American Anthropologist, and she also made major contributions to many issues. <mask> was a pioneer in the study of Native American music.She became fascinated by their music

masks: Fletcher Fletcher Fletcher Fletcher Fletcher


title: Alice Cunningham Fletcher

texts:
 and dancing so she transcribed hundreds of their songs. In 1898 she presented several essays on the subject of Native American songs at the Congress of Musicians in Omaha. From these essays eventually came her books "Indian Story and Song from North America" and "The Hako: A Pawnee Ceremony". Death and legacy
<mask> became President of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1903 and the first woman President of the American Folklore Society in 1905. One of her colleagues, Walter Hough, remembered <mask> as one who, "Mildly, peaceably, yet with great fortitude...did what she could to advance the cause of science". Her ashes are interned in the patio wall of the New Mexico Museum of Art behind a bronze plaque with a quote from her. Some of her recordings can be found in the Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology.Arthur Farwell's String Quartet in A major, Op. 65 The Hako, composed in 1923, was inspired by <mask>'s work. Awards and honors
<mask> received numerous honors for the work she accomplished throughout her career. In 1890 she was awarded the Margaret Copley Thaw Fellowship at Harvard, which granted her funding for ethnographic and reform work. Fletcher Nunatak in Antarctica is named after <mask> <mask>. Selected works
 Sun Dance of the Ogallala Sioux. American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1883
 Observations on the Laws and Privileges of the Gens in Indian Society.(abstract)  AAAS, 1884

masks:
Fletcher
Fletcher
Fletcher
Alice Fletcher
Alice Cunningham
Fletcher


title: Alice Cunningham Fletcher

texts:
 Rites.The Red Man, 1916
 A Birthday Wish from Native America. Washington, 1916
 Nature and the Indian Tribe. Art and Archaeology, 1916
 Concepts of Nature among the American Natives. (abstract)  19th Internat. Cong. Amer., 1917
 Prayers Voiced in Ancient America. Art and Arch., 1920

References

External links

Camping With the Sioux: Fieldwork Diary of <mask> <mask>, National Museum of Natural History, Archives of the Smithsonian Institution

 Register to the Papers of <mask> <mask> and Francis La Flesche, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

1838 births
1923 deaths
19th-century American historians
19th-century American women writers
20th-century American women writers
19th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
Harvard University staff
American ethnologists
American women anthropologists
Women ethnologists
Historians of Native Americans
La Flesche family
American women historians
Early Recording Engineers (1930-1959)
American audio engineers
American women archaeologists
Presidents of the American Folklore

masks:
Alice Cunningham
Fletcher
Alice Cunningham
Fletcher


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts:
<mask>  (born 25 January 1933), is a British particle physicist, and emeritus professor of physics at Queen Mary, University of London. Early life
<mask> was born in Prague on 25 January 1933, and moved to Britain with his parents and younger brother <mask> in 1939. His sister Elsa was born in 1945. The family became British citizens in 1946. Education

<mask> went to school first in London and then in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. From 1943 till 1951 he was at St Albans County Grammar School (later renamed Verulam School). He received his BSc (1954) and PhD (1957) at University College London where he remained for a further three years as a Research Associate.He is now an Honorary Fellow of University College London. W and Z particles

Among a number of notable achievements in his career, the Queen Mary, University of London group led by <mask> in conjunction with the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory group led by Alan Astbury and the Birmingham University group led by John Dowell joined Carlo Rubbia at CERN in an international collaboration known as UA1. They built a large universal detector, aimed at investigating phenomena at the world's highest energy collisions, which were obtained from 1981 onwards, when the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron was converted into a proton-antiproton collider, as suggested by Rubbia, using the stochastic beam cooling technique devised by Simon van der Meer. The UK groups had joint responsibility for designing, constructing and operating a large hadron calorimeter and also a trigger processor. The most celebrated work with the UA1 detector was the discovery in 1983 of the W and Z particles. This discovery provided the experimental evidence for the unification of two of nature's seemingly very different fundamental forces:

masks:
Peter Ignaz Paul Kalmus
Kalmus
George Kalmus
Kalmus
Peter Kalmus


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts:
 electromagnetism (which underlies electricity generation) and the weak force (which allows the Sun to shine). The unification of these two forces is part of a quest to see if all forces in the universe can be united into a "theory of everything" (Unified Field Theory).Electroweak unification demonstrated that what had previously been considered nature's four fundamental forces (electromagnetism, weak interaction, strong interaction and gravity) were now reduced to three. For this work Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer of CERN received the 1984 Nobel Prize for Physics. Alan Astbury received the 1984 Rutherford Medal and Prize, and <mask> and John Dowell were jointly awarded the 1988 Rutherford Medal and Prize from the Institute of Physics for their outstanding roles in the discovery of the W and Z particles. Selected research

1957 to 1960 - <mask> conducted research at UCL mainly on the development of new instruments, helping to build a small particle accelerator, a 29 MeV electron microtron, its beam extraction system, and its external focusing using quadrupole magnets (probably the first use of these in the UK), and later devising an accurate method of measuring relativistic electron beam energies using Cerenkov radiation, then a novel technique. 1960 to 1964 – <mask> worked for Argonne National Laboratory, USA, initially in the Particle Accelerator Division, directed by Albert Crewe. He was responsible for designing beam-transport equipment for the coming 12.5 Gev Zero Gradient Synchrotron. He transferred to the High Energy Physics Division and in 1961 went to CERN with an Argonne group headed by Art Roberts.It was at CERN that he first met John Dowell, and they designed and set up a particle beamline at the new 25 GeV Proton Synchrotron. The Argonne

masks:
Peter Kalmus
Kalmus
Kalmus


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts: group used this beamline to conduct a series of measurements of hyperon polarisation using a large optical spark chamber inside a magnetic field: a pioneering technique which much later became the basis of many other electronic imaging chambers. On returning to Argonne in 1962 he collaborated with a Chicago group in an experiment on boson production, work which was finished during future visits to the USA as a visiting scientist at the University of Chicago. 1964 onwards – <mask> was appointed Lecturer at Queen Mary College, University of London. He began a research collaboration with Alan Astbury of Rutherford Laboratory, which was to continue for about 20 years, when Alan Astbury moved to Canada. The Queen Mary and Rutherford Laboratory collaboration carried out a series of experiments at the new Nimrod accelerator at Rutherford Laboratory, mostly in strong interaction physics: nucleon isobar production in proton-proton collisions and elastic proton-proton scattering at wide angles, this time using spark chambers with sonic readout. Results from this accelerator helped to lay the experimental foundations of the quark model.In 1970 this collaboration transferred their activities to CERN, to embark on a series of experiments on low energy antiproton-proton interactions. In this they were joined by physicists from Daresbury Laboratory and the University of Liverpool. Kalmus designed the (then) most intense low energy antiproton beam in the world. The experiments on differential cross sections and polarisation for the elastic and two-body meson channels culminated in the discovery of three new mesons and a determination of their quantum numbers. The period 1974 to 1978 was spent carrying out the last set of experiments at Nimrod. <mask> designed a new low

masks: Kalmus Kalmus


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts: momentum beamline, this time for kaons, for a series of experiments with a polarised deuteron target. Several key measurements were made on kaon-nucleon elastic and charge exchange polarisation.In late 1977 the Queen Mary group led by <mask>, along with the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory group under Alan Astbury and the Birmingham University group led by John Dowell joined Carlo Rubbia in the international collaboration known as UA1 at CERN. The UK groups involved had joint responsibility for designing, building and operating a large hadron calorimeter and also a trigger processor as part of the UA1 collaboration. The calorimeter, which measured the energies of strongly-interacting particles emerging from collisions, consisted of 7,000 sheets of plastic scintillator with a total mass of 30 tonnes placed in slots in the return yoke of a large electromagnet. Testing of the scintillator sheets was carried out at Queen Mary using cosmic rays. The scintillator light was transferred via fluorescent wavelength-shifter bars and light guides to 2000 photomultipliers outside the magnet. The number of proton-antiproton collisions exceeded the ability to record these by a factor of at least 1000. This necessitated the design of a trigger processor, a purpose-built electronic device which had to make decisions within 2 microseconds on which 1 in 1000 collisions was likely to be worth recording on magnetic tape for subsequent analysis, and which 999 could be discarded irretrievably.Some years later when the collision rate had increased, a new trigger processor was built. The most celebrated work with the UA1 detector led to the discovery in 1983 of the W and Z particles. This work resulted in Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer of CERN receiving the 1984 Nobel Prize for


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts:
 Physics. In 1988, <mask> and John Dowell were jointly awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize from the Institute of Physics for their outstanding roles in the discovery of the W and Z particles (Alan Astbury had already received this medal in 1984). UA1 was perhaps the most productive collaboration in the history of particle physics up to that date. It yielded results in quark and lepton physics, tests of quantum chromodynamics, properties of W and Z particles and other topics, which have been published in over 60 papers and presented at numerous conferences. The concept of a universal detector, measuring as much as possible of the outgoing particles from a collider, and covering nearly the whole of the solid angle, has been used ever since at colliding beam machines.This work finished in 1989. At the end of 1989 the Queen Mary group joined another large collaboration called H1. The H1 collaboration had embarked on building a huge detector for the world's first proton-electron collider, HERA, which was being constructed at the DESY laboratory in Hamburg. The Queen Mary group was responsible for designing and constructing a time-of-flight hodoscope for H1, a piece of apparatus that proved crucial to the operation of the experiment as it reduced the unwanted background by a factor of a hundred. Many of the initiatives came from Kalmus's colleagues Graham Thompson and Eric Eisenhandler, particularly after Kalmus became Head of Department at Queen Mary, University of London in 1992 and had less time for research. Publications

<mask> is the author or co-author of about 230 scientific papers. He has always emphasised that modern experimental particle physics research is a group activity, and that past and present colleagues and research students have contributed

masks:
Peter Kalmus
Kalmus


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts:
 strongly to the strength of the group.Academia and education

In parallel with his research activities, <mask> was a dedicated university teacher. He has taught numerous physics courses, ranging from pre-university A-level to international postgraduate school standard. His initial teaching was in the evenings at Northern Polytechnic and at Chelsea Polytechnic during the period 1955 to 1960. He has taught at all levels at Queen Mary College (Now Queen Mary, University of London), since 1964. <mask> became Reader at Queen Mary in 1966 and Professor in 1978. In 1992 <mask> was appointed Head of Department at Queen Mary. This severely curtailed his personal involvement in the H1 research programme, which however continued to flourish with the strong participation of his colleagues.<mask> was given the title Emeritus Professor in 1998 after reaching nominal retirement age. However he continued to work normal hours in the department. He decided not to continue his participation in collaborative research involving enormous teams, and instead to devote more time to other physics interests, such as the Institute of Physics, and in particular to the public awareness and understanding of science. <mask> continues to be active as Emeritus Professor of Physics at Queen Mary, University of London. Public understanding of science

Kalmus has always been interested in furthering the public awareness and understanding of science. He started giving outreach lectures in the late 1950s, initially on nuclear power (then a novel source of electricity) to Women's Institutes. <mask> was a pioneer in this, because at this time the popularisation of science was regarded with suspicion by some senior members of the science establishment.However, <mask> always felt that scientists

masks:
Kalmus
Kalmus
Kalmus
Kalmus
Peter Kalmus
Kalmus
Kalmus


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts: had a duty to explain what they were doing, and persisted throughout his career. Following an influential report by the Royal Society and particularly after the new UK Research Councils came into existence in 1994, such outreach activities became not only respectable but almost mandatory. <mask> is known in physics for his outreach work and for his popular lectures to schools and general audiences. These have also been delivered at meetings of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (now called the British Science Association), at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, the Institute of Physics, the Association for Science Education, the Edinburgh Science Festival, the Bournemouth Arts Festival, to science and astronomy clubs, and abroad in several continents. He has made a number of short radio broadcasts on scientific topics, and appeared occasionally on TV. During the 1998–99 academic year he gave the Institute of Physics Schools Lecture 43 times in various venues in England, Scotland, Wales and the Channel Islands to a total audience of about 9,800 people, mostly in the 15 - 19 age group. At the invitation of the South African Institute of Physics this lecture-demonstration was repeated at 15 universities in South Africa during a 3-week period in early 2000, to a total audience of 3,500 consisting of university students and staff, senior school pupils, and members of the general public.He subsequently gave this talk to other audiences in Dublin, Belfast and several venues in Britain. Different lectures on aspects of particle physics were given on behalf of the Royal Institution on about 10 occasions at Futuroscope in Poitiers, France, to more than 3,800 UK sixth formers who were there on study-visits. In January 2001, <mask> gave the


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts:
 named "Cockcroft and Walton Lectures" in India, as part of an exchange programme between the Institute of Physics and the Indian Physics Association. Nine lectures were given in four different cities, some at professional and others at popular level. He also visited and had discussions with staff at many Indian institutions, and represented the British Association at the Indian Science Congress in Delhi. He visited India again in 2004 giving 15 lectures on behalf of the British Council. He continued to give talks in the UK and abroad.By the summer of 2010 he had given about 200 talks to a total audience of 30,000 people since his retirement. He has twice presented at the Royal Society soirees: in 1984 on "The discovery of the W and Z particles" and in 1994 on "The structure of the proton". Kalmus was also an Associate Editor of Science Spectrum magazine. Professional and science organisations

<mask> has served on and contributed to a considerable number of professional and science organisations throughout his career. These have included CERN, the Science and Engineering Research Council, the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the Royal Institution, the American Physical Society, the European Physical Society, and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. Positions held have included:

CERN:
 Chair of Sub-Committee and Scientific Advisor to the UK CERN delegation, 1978–1981. Science and Engineering Research Council:
 Member, Nuclear Physics Board, 1979–1982, 1989–1993.Member, Astronomy and Planetary Science Board, 1990–1993. American Physics Society:
 Member, 1963. Fellow, 1995. European Physical Society:
 Member, 1970. Member, High Energy Particle Physics Board, 1994–1998.


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts:
 British Association for the Advancement of Science:
 Member, 1986. President, Physics Section, 1990–1991.Honorary Fellow, 2002.

International Union of Pure and Applied Physics:
 Member Commission on Particles and Fields (C11), 1993–2002. Honorary Secretary C11, 1996–1999. Chair C11, 1999–2002. Vice President IUPAP, 1999–2002. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council:
 Member, Education and Training Committee, 1994–1998. Member, Public Understanding of Science Panel, 1994–1998. Royal Institution:
 MRI, 1989.Member of Council,1996–1999. Vice President, 1997–1999. Chair, Davy Faraday Laboratory Research Committee, 1998–1999. <mask> has been particularly active in serving the Institute of Physics, having served as Council Member, Chair of several groups and committees, and as Vice President with special responsibility for education and public affairs. Through 2005–2009, <mask> served as Chair of the London and South East Branch of the Institute of Physics. This period culminated in the award of the Institute of Physics Branches Prize in 2010. Institute of Physics:
 Fellow of the Institute of Physics, 1967
 Chair, High Energy Physics Group, 1989–1993.Council Member, 1993–2000. Vice President, 1996–2000. Special responsibility for education and public affairs. Chair, London and South East Branch, 2005–2009. Honorary Fellow, 2010. <mask> continued to have involvement with the Institute of Physics after retirement from Queen Mary, serving on its Benevolent Fund Committee, on a panel to examine its journal publishing policy, and as its representative on an international steering group for the World Year of Physics 2005, the centenary of Einstein's "Miracle Year". Honours and awards

 1988 - Rutherford Medal and Prize from the Institute of Physics for his

masks: Kalmus Kalmus Kalmus


title: Peter Kalmus (physicist)

texts:
 outstanding work in the discovery of the W and Z particles.2001 - Honorary Fellow of the University College, London. 2001 - OBE for services to physics. 2002 - Kelvin Medal and Prize from the Institute of Physics for his outstanding contributions to the public understanding of physics. 2002 - Honorary Fellow of the British Science Association. 2003 - Honorary Fellow of Queen Mary, University of London. 2005 - Outreach Prize of the High Energy Physics Group of the European Physical Society. 2010 - Branches Prize by the Institute of Physics.2010 - Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Physics, for his research, his teaching, his public engagement and his work for the Institute. He joined only 38 other recipients including 7 Nobel Laureates. Personal life

<mask>' father, <mask>, was a well-known biologist who worked at University College, London. His brother, <mask>, is another noted British particle physicist. A press release from the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) in 2002 commented that "A particle physicist in the family is a rare occurrence. That there should be two and both be leaders of the field is even more unusual, yet Professors <mask> and <mask> have achieved this." <mask> married Felicity "Trixie" Barker in 1957, she died in 2018.He has one son and one daughter, and one grandchild. He currently resides in London. References

External links
 Scientific publications of P.I.P. Kalmus on INSPIRE-HEP

1933 births
British Jews
Jewish scientists
Living people
Particle physicists
Experimental physicists
Alumni of University College London
Academics of Queen Mary University of London
British physicists
Fellows of the American Physical Society
Fellows of the Institute of Physics
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People

masks:
Kalmus
Hans Kalmus
George Kalmus
Peter
George Kalmus
Peter Kalmus


title: Shahadat Hossain

texts:
<mask> (born: 7 August 1986) is a Bangladeshi cricketer. He made his Test debut in 2005 during Bangladesh's first tour of England. When he came onto the international scene he was cited by then coach Dav Whatmore as the fastest bowler in the team. The following year, <mask> made his One Day International (ODI) debut against Kenya. At times Hossain has struggled with conceding too many runs, and for that reason was dropped in 2009. In November 2010, Hossain was a member of the squad that won Bangladesh's first gold in any event at the Asian Games. A broken toe prevented Hossain from playing for Bangladesh in July 2011, but after more than a year since his last Test he returned to the squad in October that year.In November 2019, he was given a five-year ban from cricket, after assaulting a teammate. Early and domestic career
Born in Narayanganj, <mask> began playing cricket during his teenage years in his home town, and his father, a banker, agreed to send him to a training camp. Whilst at the training camp he was spotted by a scout and was referred to the Bangladesh Institute of Sports to improve. <mask> soon found himself called up for the Bangladesh U-19 cricket team for the 2003–04 Asian U-19 Tournament in Pakistan, but he didn't find much success, taking only 2 wickets in 3 appearances, as Bangladesh lost all their group stage matches and failed to progress to the final. His run in the team continued, however, as he was picked for the 2004 U-19 Cricket World Cup as Bangladesh played hosts. In the group stage he played in all 3 matches, taking 5 wickets, as the team progressed to the Plate competition of the Cup. For the Plate final, he took a wicket as Bangladesh defeated Australia to

masks:
Shahadat Hossain
Hossain
Hossain
Hossain


title: Shahadat Hossain

texts:
 finish ninth out of sixteen.He finished with six wickets at an average of 28.50, and was named by Cricinfo writer Rabeed Imam as the fastest bowler and one of the most promising players in the tournament. He was the leading wicket-taker for Dhaka Division in the 2018–19 National Cricket League, with seventeen dismissals in five matches. International career

In his debut Test against England at Lord's in 2005 Hossain conceded 101 runs in 12 overs without taking a wicket, an economy rate of 8.41. On the tour to Zimbabwe in July 2006, Hossain became the first Bangladeshi to take a hat-trick in One Day Internationals. South Africa toured Bangladesh in February 2008 for two Tests and three ODIs. Though they were expected to win with ease, South Africa were made to work hard for victory in the opening Test. Cricinfo recorded that Hossain "bowled at a lively pace and with tremendous control" to help Bangladesh gain a first-innings lead.He claimed career-best figures of 6/27, and despite a further three in the second innings South Africa won by five wickets. Bangladesh lost the second match by an innings and 205 runs with <mask> taking 3/107. In January 2009 <mask> was dropped from the national side. Chief selector Rafiqul Alam stated that Shahadat was too expensive, having conceded runs at 6.63 an over in 18 ODIs in 2008, and believed he would benefit from returning to domestic cricket. When July–August 2009, Bangladesh toured the West Indies, <mask> was included in the 15-man squad. By winning the first Test, Bangladesh secured their first win against the West Indies, their first overseas Test victory, and only their second Test win. The West Indies side was very inexperienced due to the

masks: Hossain Shahadat Hossain


title: Shahadat Hossain

texts: for the 20 innings before a bowler took a five-wicket haul in Tests. Bangladesh toured England in May 2010 for two Tests and three ODIs. <mask> played in the first Test at Lord's and was one of three Bangladesh players still in the team five years after the team's first tour of England. Contrasting with his debut effort, <mask> took five wickets for 98 runs and in the process became the first Bangladeshi cricket to be added to the Lord's honours board. England won the series 2–0 and <mask> took a single wicket in the second Test. He finished as his team's second highest wicket-taker with six wickets in the series. Hossain was part of the 13-man Bangladesh squad that played in the 2010 Asian Games in late November.They played Afghanistan in the final and won by five wickets, securing the country's first gold medal at the Asian Games. Dhaka Division won the One-Day National Cricket League in November 2010, with all the matches held in the space of three weeks. <mask> took ten wickets from six matches in the tournament, producing his best figures of 4/39 in the final against Barisal Division to help his team to victory. <mask> was not included in Bangladesh's 15-man squad for the 2011 World Cup, having lost his place in the ODI side to younger fast bowlers Shafiul Islam and Rubel <mask>. A broken toe, sustained during a game of beach football, prevented him from taking part in Bangladesh's tour of Zimbabwe in July and August 2011, a series which marked Zimbabwe's return to Test cricket and Bangladesh's first Test match since the tour of England over 14 months earlier. National captain Shakib Al Hasan lamented Hossain's absence, saying "I think [<mask> <mask>] Rajib is a huge loss. He's been

masks: Hossain Shahadat Hossain Hossain Hossain Hossain Shahadat Hossain


title: Shahadat Hossain

texts:
 our best Test bowler for quite a while."He returned to action in the Bangladesh Cricket Board Cup in September, taking six wickets in four games for Bangladesh A against a team of academy players and the full national side. <mask> was recalled to the Test squad in October to face the West Indies in a two-match series. He also played in both of Bangladesh's Tests against Pakistan in December. During the second Test against Pakistan, Hossain bowled several no-balls. In the first four Tests of his comeback Hossain took just two wickets whilst conceding 394 runs. The Bangladesh Cricket Board founded the six-team Bangladesh Premier League in 2012, a twenty20 tournament to be held in February that year. An auction was held for teams to buy players, and Hossain was bought by the Khulna Royal Bengals for $30,000.When Bangladesh hosted the 2012 Asia Cup <mask> was included in the squad and played his first ODI since February 2010. He conceded the more runs than any other bowler in the tournament and his four wickets cost on average 62.00 runs each; when the BCB announced its central contracts in April <mask>'s was not renewed. In October 2018, he was named in the squad for the Dhaka Dynamites team, following the draft for the 2018–19 Bangladesh Premier League. Bowling style
Noted for his height and aggression, <mask> was cited as the fastest bowler in the Bangladesh team by former coach Dav Whatmore in 2005. By 2010 his bowling rarely exceeded . His run-up is smooth, his deliveries come in at an angle and bowls with pace. He has become renowned for hurting batsmen with his bouncer, having hit international players such as Mathew Sinclair and Ricky Ponting over the course of his career.His bowling

masks: Hossain Hossain Hossain Hossain