title: Lightnin' Hopkins

texts: Aladdin executive decided the pair needed more dynamism in their names and dubbed <mask> "Lightnin'" and Wilson "Thunder". <mask>din in 1947. He returned to Houston and began recording for Gold Star Records. In the late 1940s and 1950s he rarely performed outside Texas, only occasionally traveling to the Midwest and the East for recording sessions and concert appearances.It has been estimated that he recorded between eight hundred and a thousand songs in his career. He performed regularly at nightclubs in and around Houston, particularly on Dowling Street, where he had been discovered by Aladdin. He recorded the hit records "T-Model Blues" and "Tim Moore's Farm" at SugarHill Recording Studios in Houston. By the mid- to late 1950s, his prodigious output of high-quality recordings had gained him a following among African Americans and blues aficionados. In 1959, the blues researcher Robert "Mack" McCormick contacted <mask>, hoping to bring him to the attention of a broader musical audience engaged in the folk revival. McCormack presented <mask> to integrated audiences first in Houston and then in California. He made his debut at Carnegie Hall on October 14, 1960, alongside Joan Baez and Pete Seeger, performing the spiritual "Mary Don't You Weep".In 1960, he signed with Tradition Records. The recordings which followed included his song "Mojo Hand" in 1960. In 1968, <mask> recorded the album Free Form Patterns, backed by the rhythm section of the psychedelic rock band 13th Floor Elevators. Through the 1960s and into the 1970s, he released one or sometimes two albums a year and toured, playing at major folk music festivals and at folk clubs and on college campuses in the U.S. and internationally. He toured extensively in the United States and played a six-city tour of Japan in 1978.

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title: Lightnin' Hopkins

type: original

texts:
 <mask> was Houston's poet-in-residence for 35 years. He recorded more albums than any other blues musician.A statue of <mask> sits in Crockett, Texas. <mask> died of esophageal cancer in Houston on January 30, 1982, at the age of 69. His obituary in the New York Times described him as "one of the great country blues singers and perhaps the greatest single influence on rock guitar players." His Gibson J-160e "hollowbox" is on display at the Rock Hall of Fame in Cleveland, and his Guild Starfire at the National Museum of African American History and Culture in Washington, DC, both on loan from the Joe Kessler collection. Musical style
<mask>'s style was born from spending many hours playing informally without a backing band. His distinctive fingerstyle technique often included playing, in effect, bass, rhythm, lead, and percussion at the same time. He played both "alternating" and "monotonic" bass styles incorporating imaginative, often chromatic turnarounds and single-note lead lines.Tapping or slapping the body of his guitar added rhythmic accompaniment. Much of <mask>'s music follows the standard 12-bar blues template, but his phrasing was free and loose. Many of his songs were in the talking blues style, but he was a powerful and confident singer. Lyrically, his songs expressed the problems of life in the segregated South, bad luck in love and other subjects common in the blues idiom. He dealt with these subjects with humor and good nature. He often referred to himself as "Poor Lightnin'" in his songs when talking about himself or referring to himself as the protagonist of the song. This is also the name of one of his albums.Many of his songs are filled with double entendres, and he was known for his humorous introductions to songs. Some of his songs were of warning and sour

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 prediction, such as "Fast Life Woman":

Discography

Early compilations of previously issued material
Early Recordings (Arhoolie, 1946-50 [1969]) - collection of Gold Star recordings
Early Recordings Vol. 2 (Arhoolie, 1946-50 [1971]) - collection of Gold Star releases
Lightnin' <mask> Strums the Blues (Score, 1946-48 [1958])  - collection of Aladdin releases
<mask> Sings the Blues (Crown, 1947-1951 [1961]) - collection of RPM releases
Last of the Great Blues Singers (Time, 1950-51 [1960]) - collection of Sittin' in With releases
Lightnin' and the Blues (Herald, 1954 [1960]) - collection of Herald releases
Blues Masters: The Very Best Of Lightnin' Hopkins (Rhino, 2000) - later collection. (Poppy, 1969) - rereleased on Arhoolie in 1993
In the Key of Lightnin' (Tomato, 1969 [2002])
<mask> in Berkeley (Arhoolie, 1969 [1970])
Po' Lightnin' (Arhoolie, 1961/69 [1983])
The Legacy of the Blues Vol. 12 (Sonet, 1974 [1977])
New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival 1976 (Island, 1977) shared disc with various artists
The Rising Sun Collection Vol. 9 (Just a Memory, 1977 [1996])
Mighty Crazy (Catfish, 1980 [2002]) shared disc with Big Mama Thornton
The Rising Sun Collection (Just a Memory, 1980 [1996]) shared disc with Louisiana Red, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee
Forever (Paris Album, 1981 [1983])

As sideman
With Sonny Terry
With George "Wild Child" Butler
Sonny Is King (Bluesville, 1963)

Films
The Blues Accordin' to Lightnin' Hopkins (1968), directed by Les Blank and Skip Gerson (Flower Films & Video)
 The Sun's Gonna Shine (1969), directed by Les Blank with Skip Gerson (Flower Films & Video)
 Sounder (1972), directed by Martin Ritt (the soundtrack includes Hopkins singing "Jesus Will You Come by Here")
, a film documentary on Hopkins, Where Lightnin' Strikes, was in production with

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title: Lightnin' Hopkins

texts:
 Fastcut Films of Houston. His song "Once a Gambler" is on the soundtrack of the 2009 film Crazy Heart.Books
 Mojo Hand: An Orphic Tale, by J.J. Phillips (Serpent's Tail)
 Lightnin’ Hopkins: Blues Guitar Legend, by Dan Bowden
 Deep Down Hard Blues: Tribute to Lightnin''', by Sarah Ann West
 Lightnin' <mask>: His Life and Blues, by Alan Govenar (Chicago Review Press)
 Mojo Hand: The Life and Music of Lightnin' <mask>, by Timothy J. O'Brien and David Ensminger (University of Texas Press)

See also
List of blues musicians
Texas blues
Six Strings Down

References
Inline citations

Further reading
Stambler, Irwin; Landon, Grellun (1983). The Encyclopedia of Folk, Country & Western Music (2nd ed.). St. Martin's Press. .
Liner notes to the CD Country Blues'', Ryko/Tradition Records. External links
 Blues Foundation Hall of Fame Induction, 1980
 Houston Chronicle article about dedication of Lightnin' <mask> statue
 <mask> feature on Big Road Blues
 Campstreetcafe.com. Accessed December 25, 2007. Where Lightnin Strikes (documentary film)
 New York Times obituary

1912 births
1982 deaths
People from Leon County, Texas
American blues guitarists
American male guitarists
American blues singer-songwriters
Country blues singers
Blues revival musicians
Texas blues musicians
Musicians from Houston
Aladdin Records artists
Modern Records artists
RPM Records (United States) artists
Gold Star Records artists
Imperial Records artists
Jewel Records artists
Fire Records artists
Deaths from cancer in Texas
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
20th-century American guitarists
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Guitarists from Texas
American acoustic guitarists
Arhoolie Records artists
African-American male singer-songwriters
African-American guitarists
20th-century African-American male singers
Deaths from

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title: Sebouh Chouldjian

texts:
Archbishop <mask> ((24 March 1959 – 19 November 2020) born <mask>; ; ; ; also Sebuh, Sepouh, Sepuh, Chuljian, Tchuljian, Chuljyan, Çulciyan)) was the metropolite of the Diocese of Gougark of the Holy Armenian Apostolic Church. Biography
<mask> was born on 24 March 1959  in Malatya, Turkey. He received his primary education at the Nersisian College of Istanbul. In 1969, his family resettled in Soviet Armenia, in the city of Gyumri, where he continued and finished his primary education. In 1978 he entered the Gevorkian Theological Seminary at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin. He was ordained to the diaconate in 1985, by the Grand Sacristan of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, Archbishop Hoosik Santourian. He successfully defended his final thesis entitled "The Translation Works of Lukas of Kharpert" in March 1986.Upon his graduation from the seminary he was appointed to serve in the Secretariat of the Pontifical Administration. He was ordained as a celibate priest by Archbishop Nerses Pozapalian on 7 June 1987, the Feast of Pentecost, and given the priestly name <mask>. Following his ordination, he continued his service in the Pontifical Administration. By the appointment of Vazgen I, Catholicos of All Armenians, he served as the Vice Dean of the Gevorkian Theological Seminary at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin in September 1987. In November 1989, he successfully defended his doctoral thesis entitled "The Fast in the Armenian Apostolic Church," and received the rank of Archimandrite (Vardapet). In 1990, Vazgen I appointed <mask> to serve as the spiritual pastor of the Armenians of Geneva, Switzerland. He returned to Armenia in 1991 to serve as the Vicar of the Diocese of Shirak.After Armenia gained independence, vast administrative tasks were placed on the Armenian Church. In the summer of 1993, <mask> worked closely with Archbishop Hovnan Derderian (the then primate of the Diocese of Canada) and Ronald Alepian to organize the first

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title: Sebouh Chouldjian

texts:
 mission of Canadian Youth Mission to Armenia (CYMA). In June 1995, <mask> was appointed to serve as the Director of the Reserve Stewardship Inventory Committee of the Armenian Church. Also in that same year, he was appointed to serve as the Director of the committee responsible for tracking the return and receipt of all previously confiscated church buildings, land and construction projects (most of the churches, buildings, structures and properties belonging to the Church had been seized by the State during the time of the Soviet Regime). In 1996, he served as the representative of the Armenian Church on the Humanitarian Aid Central Committee of Armenia. On 3 June 1996, by the Pontifical Encyclical of the Karekin I, Catholicos of All Armenians, he was appointed to serve as the Primate of the Diocese of Gougark. <mask> was consecrated as Bishop by Catholicos Karekin I on 15 June 1997.He was a member of the Supreme Spiritual Council of the Armenian Church during 2000–2007. On 18 May 2012 he received title of Archbishop. Archbishop <mask> <mask> served as the Primate of the Diocese of Gougark in Armenia. <mask> died on 19 November 2020 due to COVID-19. Candidacy for Armenian Patriarch of Constantonople

Co-Patriarch candidacy in 2010
Bishop <mask> <mask> was one of the three candidates for the Co-Patriarch at the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople in 2010. Mesrop II Mutafyan, the Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease in July 2008, and was incapable of running the Patriarchate since then. This led the Armenian community to a painful condition of uncertainty.In late 2009, the Patriarchate's Religious Council wrote to the Turkish government seeking permission to elect a coadjutor (co-Patriarch). Three bishops stated that they were going to run for the elections: Bishop <mask> <mask>, Archbishop Karekin Bekchian – the Primate of the Armenian Church Diocese of Germany, and Archbishop Aram Ateshian –

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title: Sebouh Chouldjian

texts: the chairman of the Supreme Spiritual Council of the Patriarchate of Istanbul. Among the main ideas proposed by Bishop <mask> as a candidate was that the Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople should become a spiritual and cultural bridge among Yerevan, Ankara and the Armenian Diaspora. He paid particular attention to the importance of dialogue among Armenians and between Turkish and Armenian people. On 10–17 February 2010 Bishop <mask> visited Istanbul, Turkey to have meetings with the Armenian community of Istanbul. During his meetings and interviews he urged to continue Hrant Dink's way (i.e. dialogue between Armenian and Turkish people) and keep Armenian Patriarchate free from politics.On 29 June 2010 the government of Turkey made a decision to reject the request of the Armenian community of Turkey to allow co-patriarch elections. The Turkish Government said that they did not find the elections of either patriarch or co-patriarch reasonable and allowed carrying out only the elections of Patriarchal Locum Tenens. Hours later Archbishop Shahan Svajian – the that time Locum Tenens, resigned and the Spiritual council of the Patriarchate elected Archbishop Aram Ateshian a new Patriarchal Locum Tenens. However, according to some experts, the Armenian Community of Turkey was inclined to elect Bishop <mask> <mask> (citizen of Armenia) as their spiritual leader which was disallowed by the Turkish government after unsuccessful negotiations of Armenia-Turkey reconciliation. Later, in his letter to the Armenian Community of Turkey from 15 July 2010 Bishop <mask> mentioned that interference of Turkey's Government was in contradiction with the adopted new policy on dealing with ethnic minorities. "We continue to hope that this is not the manner of actions of Erdoğan's government, but that of the stationary state sub-agencies, which hamper the democratic development of Turkey with their old mentality". Bishop <mask> said it was the moral

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title: Sebouh Chouldjian

texts:
 obligation of Archbishop Aram Ateshian to send a new letter to the Turkey's Government with request to hold the elections of Co-Patriarch.Protests were raised within the Armenian community, though it was hardly possible to hold new patriarch elections as long as the current patriarch Mesrop II was alive. The "We Want to Elect Our Own Patriarch Initiative" remained active and held silent protests in Armenian churches on Sundays. Archbishop <mask> occasionally visited Turkey and expressed his position and opinion on issues warring the community. Patriarch candidacy in 2016
2016 gave rise to a new wave of demands to eventually elect the head of the Armenian Church in Turkey. In spring 2016 two of the four main candidates, Archbishop <mask> and Archbishop Karekin Bekdjian urged that there be patriarch election "now". Archbishop <mask> declared that should there be election of patriarch there was no obstacle for him to be a candidate. "If the society finds me qualified for solving the problems of Armenian society and the patriarchate, I am ready to serve by considering it as a holy duty," he said.In June 2016 a group of Turkish Armenians protested in front of the Armenian Patriarchate against being denied the right to replace acting Locum Tenens Aram Ateşyan whose reputation was compromised after his letter to president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, wherein he criticized a recent decision by the German Bundestag recognizing the World War I-era killings of Anatolian Armenians. In October 2016 the Clerical Assembly of the Armenian Patriarchate of Turkey decided to superannuate the Patriarch Mesrob II on the grounds that he has been unable to perform his duty for 7 years and announced that there will be an application for starting the election process. Patriarch candidacy in 2019
On 8 March 2019 Patriarch Mutafian died at the age of 62. This event provoked new discussions about the patriarch elections. Back then experts predicted that the two main

masks: Sebouh Sebouh Sebouh


title: Sebouh Chouldjian

texts:
 candidates for the patriarch would be Archbishops <mask> <mask> and Aram Ateshian

On 27 September 2019 Archbishop <mask> <mask> released a statement requiring from the Turkish government to restore the original text of the 25th clause of canonical regulation which was violating the rights of bishops from outside Turkey. In October 2019, following Archbishop Garegin Bekchyan, Archbishop <mask> called on Archbishops Sahak Mashalyan and Aram Ateshian to rise above personal ambitions and consider the long-term interest of the Armenian community and stand in favor of supporting the rights of bishops outside Turkey. On 5 December 2019 Archbishop <mask> released an official statement regarding the election of 85th Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople, indicating that he "forgives everyone", who caused his disentitlement.He said: "It is now beyond any doubt, that the reason for the staging of the "canonical change" was myself, since the support for me by a significant portion of faithful Armenian people in Turkey could be decisive". He condemned this as an outrageous historical injustice and indirectly pointed out the nefarious role of Archbishops Sahak Mashalyan and Aram Ateshian. On 11 December 2019 Bishop Mashalian was announced the 85th Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople. Honors and awards
Archbishop <mask> was a member of the Armenian branch of the International Academy of Natural and Social Sciences (since 2000). He held Fridtjof Nansen Golden Medal (2005), Republic of Armenia Prime Minister's Medal for vast contribution in development of state-church relations (2006), Hayrenik Gold Medal (2010). On 24 March 2009, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia Tigran Sargsyan warmly congratulated Archbishop <mask> on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of birthday. In his message he emphasized Bishop <mask>'s input in organizing Christian education, revivification of church life and restoration of ethnic and spiritual identity of the

masks: Sebouh Chouldjian Sebouh Chouldjian Sebouh Sebouh Sebouh Sebouh Sebouh


title: Ray Hyman

texts: <mask> (born June 23, 1928) is a Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of Oregon in Eugene, Oregon, and a noted critic of parapsychology. <mask>, along with James Randi, Martin Gardner and Paul Kurtz, is one of the founders of the modern skeptical movement. He is the founder and leader of the Skeptic's Toolbox. <mask> serves on the Executive Council for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. <mask> was born in Chelsea, Massachusetts. In his teenage years and later while attending Boston University, he worked as a magician and mentalist, impressing the head of his department (among others) with his palmistry. Hyman at one point believed that 'reading' the lines on a person's palm could provide insights into their nature, but later discovered that the person's reaction to the reading had little to do with the actual lines on the palm.This fascination with why this happened led him to switch from a journalist degree to psychology. JREF president D.J. Grothe asked <mask> "How does a young psychology student get into this parapsychology racket ... why you?" <mask> replied that it began when he was hired as a magician at age 7 (as the "Merry Mystic") performing for the Parents and Teachers Association at his school. This led him to read all about Harry Houdini and his work with spiritualists. By the age of 16 he started investigating spiritualist meetings. Thinking back to age 7, "I can't ever remember not being a skeptic".Magicians who perform mentalism debate among themselves about using a disclaimer. The disclaimer is supposed to inform the audience that what they are witnessing is entertainment, and is not based on actual paranormal powers. In an interview with mentalist Mark Edward, Edward asked <mask> if he had ever used a

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Career Hyman
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title: Ray Hyman

texts: disclaimer during the six years when he performed professionally as a mentalist. <mask> told him he did not remember explicitly using a disclaimer. He remembered always beginning the performance by stating that he did not claim any special powers. He was an entertainer and he hoped they would enjoy the show. After he became a psychologist, he realized that this was an example of the "invited inference."By openly stating that he made no claims about the nature of his ability, <mask> had given his audience no reason to challenge him. Indeed, he had invited the onlookers to make their own inferences about the source of the apparent feats of mind reading. Most of them concluded he was truly psychic. He obtained a doctorate in psychology from Johns Hopkins University in 1953, and then taught at Harvard for five years. He also became an expert in statistical methods. In 2007 <mask> received an honorary doctorate from the Simon Fraser University for his "intellect and discipline who inspire others to follow in his footsteps... (and) for his courageous advocacy of unfettered skeptical inquiry". In 1982, <mask> held the "Spook Chair" for one year at Stanford University during a sabbatical from the University of Oregon.What the Stanford University psychologists informally call the "Spook" chair is officially known as The Thomas Welton Stanford Chair for Psychical Research. Thomas Welton was the brother of Stanford's founder, Leland Stanford. Along with other notable skeptics like James Randi, Martin Gardner, Marcello Truzzi and Paul Kurtz, he was a founding member of the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP) (which is now known as the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI)), which publishes the Skeptical

masks: Hyman Hyman Hyman Hyman


title: Ray Hyman

texts: Inquirer. He also developed a style guide and etiquette manual to assist skeptical writers and critics. This is called "Hyman's Proper Criticism" and proposes six steps that skeptics can use to upgrade the quality of their criticism. Aside from his scholarly publications and consultation with the U.S. Department of Defense in scrutinizing psychic research, one of his most popular articles is thirteen points to help you "amaze your friends with your new found psychic powers! ", a guide to cold reading.According to Jim Alcock, "His article on cold reading, so Paul Kurtz informs me, has generated more requests for reprints than any other article in the history of the Skeptical Inquirer". The guide exploits what fascinated him in his academic research in cognitive psychology, that much deception is self-deception. He has investigated dowsing in the United States and written a book on the subject. He is one of the foremost skeptical experts on the Ganzfeld experiment. According to Bob Carroll, psychologist <mask> is considered to be the foremost expert on subjective validation and cold reading. <mask>'s prestidigitational skills (which he calls "manipulating perception") have earned him the cover of The Linking Ring twice, June 1952 and October 1986 this magazine of the International Brotherhood of Magicians of which he has been a member for over 35 years. <mask> retired in 1998 but continues to give talks and investigate paranormal claims.In July 2009 he appeared at  The Amaz!ng Meeting 7 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Also in 2011, TAM 9 From Outer Space and TAM 2012. He is working on two books: How Smart People Go Wrong: Cognition and Human Error and Parapsychology's Achilles' Heel: Consistent Inconsistency. On October 9, 2010, the Committee for

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Hyman
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title: Ray Hyman

texts:
 Skeptical Inquiry announced <mask> (and others) as a part of their policy-making Executive Council, he will also serve on Skeptical Inquirer's magazine board. History of skeptical movement
In the 2010 D.J. Grothe interview, <mask> states that the formation of the skeptic movement can be attributed to Uri Geller and Alice Cooper. Randi was touring with Cooper as a part of the stage show, Cooper asked Randi to invite <mask> to a show in order to ask his advice about the audience.While there, "Randi pulled me aside and said... we really ought to do something about this Uri Geller business... lets form an organization called SIR" (Sanity In Research). In 1972 joined by Martin Gardner they had their first meeting. The three of them felt they had no administration experience, "we just had good ideas" and were soon joined by Marcello Truzzi who provided structure for the group. Truzzi involved Paul Kurtz and they then formed CSICOP in 1976. In an interview in 2009 with Derek Colanduno for the Skepticality podcast, <mask> was asked his opinion of the modern skeptical movement. <mask> responded that skeptics need to have goals and a way to measure them. They need to become a resource for the public, and focus on educating journalists and teachers."That way we will get more bang for our buck." On the current state of the skeptical movement, <mask> stated "The media, unfortunately has made it so we have many more believers." Less science teachers in the classrooms, major newspapers are firing their science writing staff, 24-hour news channels are trying to fill all that time and compete with Fox News. "Things are not good." Skeptic's Toolbox
<mask> in 1989 created the Skeptic's Toolbox to teach people how to be better skeptics. <mask> tells James

masks: Hyman Hyman Hyman Hyman Hyman Hyman Hyman Hyman


title: Ray Hyman

texts: Underdown that "we were putting out more fires by skeptics than by believers... they were going overboard". The first toolbox was in Buffalo, NY with himself, James Alcock and Steve Shaw now called Banachek.With the exception of one year when the toolbox was held in Boulder, CO the toolbox has been held at the University of Oregon in Eugene. The Skeptic's Toolbox originally spanned 5 days. Later it was cut back to 4 days. Speaking to a reporter from The Register-Guard <mask> explains that people come from all over the country to attend the 4-day conference, to hone their critical thinking skills. <mask> is curious about why people who believe in paranormal claims without evidence continue to do so: "'I just want to understand how people get to believe some things... Magic is a perfect example of how people can be fooled'" and it works the same way with paranormal claims. <mask> felt that it was necessary to teach attendees with a "case-based approach... concrete examples as a first step toward extracting broad examples... (giving) the benefit of context" to the learning experience. This approach differs from that of a traditional conference: he has attendees use hands-on participation, splitting them into teams so they are able to spend quality time discussing the readings and lectures.At the 2014 Toolbox, <mask> used Oskar Pfungst’s investigation of Clever Hans as an example of how detailed and exhaustive some investigators are in studying claims. Hick-<mask> <mask> published his "classic paper showing that human choice reaction time is related to the information content of an incoming signal" called the Hick-Hyman Law. This helped to lay the groundwork "for the shift from behavioral psychology... to the era of cognitive psychology." This

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title: Ray Hyman

texts:
 was <mask>'s second published paper, and submitted while still a grad student. He states that Hick used a different formula and got his "math wrong, which I corrected" but they still named the law after him because <mask> was "just a student". Sometimes called Hick's Law (mainly in Britain), in America it is more often referred to as the Hick-Hyman Law. Remote viewing review
Along with Jessica Utts, he conducted a review of CIA remote viewing experiments in 1995.He noted that the experiments "appear to be free of the more obvious and better known flaws that can invalidate the results of parapsychological investigations" and that there are significant effect sizes "too large and consistent to be dismissed as statistical flukes." However, he stops short of "concluding that the existence of anomalous cognition has been established." Ganzfeld experiments
While working at Stanford University and serving as the "Spook Chair'" <mask> decided that he would never be able to read all the literature concerning parapsychology that existed in the 1980s. He then asked parapsychologists "What is the best evidence for psi?" they nearly universally pointed to the Ganzfeld experiment. <mask> wrote to Charles Honorton and was sent 600 pages of information. Three years later <mask>'s analysis led to the 1985 issue of the Journal of Parapsychology publishing <mask>'s critiques.<mask>'s conclusion "By themselves these experiments do not mean anything unless they can be replicated". In 2007, <mask> noted that the ganzfeld experiments had not been successfully replicated and suggested there was evidence that sensory leakage had taken place in the autoganzfeld experiments. Uri Geller and Stanford Research Institute
Magician Jerry Andrus and <mask> appeared in 1975

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title: Ray Hyman

texts: on a TV station in Portland, Oregon, where they explained and duplicated the "paranormal" tricks Geller had performed for host Dick Klinger the week prior. Klinger asked, "Does Uri Geller have any supernatural powers?" Andrus gave the short answer "No." <mask> stated, "(Geller) is an opportunist... which is why it is difficult to duplicate him, he himself cannot duplicate himself. He's always ready to do something... he is going to do something when you think he is doing something else... misdirection... he's excellent at it, he's superb."In 1972 <mask> was asked by The Department of Defense to investigate psychic Uri Geller. <mask> was intrigued by a story that Geller had taken a ring from one of the scientists, set it on a table, and without touching it, the ring stood on end, broke in half and formed itself into a S-shape. Upon questioning all the scientists at the lab, <mask> discovered that no one had actually seen this happen, but had heard stories from others (who could not be tracked down) that it had happened." <mask> continued to question the scientists and discovered that no one had ever seen Geller bend anything without touching it. In fact "Geller was allowed to take the object into the bathroom... and then come back with the bent object, they took his word for it." "The parapsychologist (also sent to investigate) 'saw a psychic,' and I reported back that I saw only a charismatic fraud." When asked to explain further why people believe in Geller when a magician can do the same thing without paranormal powers, <mask> states, "He's a fraud, but you can't blame people for believing him.Geller is a product of a wonderful public relations campaign... What the audience gets is only one side of the story... He has been caught cheating

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title: Ray Hyman

texts:
 many times" but people still believe. Speaking as a psychologist <mask> says "If you get people in the right frame of mind and they are cooperating with you... and even give them a poor reading... they will fit it to themselves and believe you are telling them about their unique personality." Gary Schwartz
Gary Schwartz conducted numerous experiments at his laboratory at the University of Arizona where he is a tenured professor. Schwartz believes that he has proven the dead communicate with the living through human mediums. <mask> details many methodological errors with Schwartz's research including; "Inappropriate control comparisons", "Failure to use double-blind procedures", "Creating non-falsifiable outcomes by reinterpreting failures as successes" and "Failure to independently check on facts the sitters endorsed as true". <mask> wrote "Even if the research program were not compromised by these defects, the claims being made would require replication by independent investigators."<mask> criticizes Schwartz's decision to publish his results without gathering "evidence for their hypothesis that would meet generally accepted scientific criteria... they have lost credibility." There have been many follow-up exchanges between Schwartz and <mask> over the Afterlife Experiments conducted by Schwartz. Published May 2003, Schwartz responded that <mask> ignored "the total body of research." Schwartz takes issue with <mask>'s opinion that he (<mask>) will not believe in psi. <mask> answered, "Until multiple perfect experiments are performed and published... believe that the totality of the findings must be due to some combination of fraud, cold reading, rater bias, experimenter error, or chance... Why spend the time and money conducting multiple


title: Ray Hyman

texts:
 multi-center, double-blind experiments unless there are sufficient theoretical, experimental, and social reasons for doing so?" Proper Criticism

<mask> wrote a brief guide called Proper Criticism directed at critics of paranormal claims. It has widely been dispersed among Skeptics working in the public eye, including the editorial staff at Skeptical Inquirer.It is also featured in his book The Elusive Quarry. Proper Criticism gives eight suggestions for approaching criticism thoughtfully in a way that is "both effective and responsible"

1. Be prepared: have responses prepared for commonly asked questions about Skepticism

2. Clarify your objectives: assess your own intentions and determine your intended audience. <mask> warns against criticism motivated by bad intentions, such as attacking the claimant instead of the claim. 3. Do your homework: research to understand the claimant's argument

4.Do not go beyond your level of competence: admit what you do not know and consult experts when needed

5. Let the facts speak for themselves: if you have thoroughly prepared, let the audience reach the conclusion on their own

6. Be precise: use precise language, be as accurate as possible. While discussing Proper Criticism on the Squaring the Strange Podcast, Benjamin Radford expanded on this advice, "often times ambiguous or fuzzy words or concepts reveal ambiguous or fuzzy thinking and obfuscation"

7. Use the principle of charity: give the claimant the benefit of the doubt. Also on Squaring the Strange Podcast, Celestia Ward has called this the opposite of the Straw man fallacy, advising critics formulate responses to the strongest interpretation of the claimant's argument. 8.Avoid loaded words and sensationalism: instead, choose long term

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 credibility

Awards
 In Praise of Reason Award, the highest honor from the Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal in 2003. The award is given in recognition of distinguished contributions in the use of critical inquiry, scientific evidence, and reason in evaluating claims to knowledge. Other recipients of this award include Carl Sagan, Kendrick Frazier, Murray Gell-Mann, Stephen Jay Gould, Martin Gardner, and Nobel laureate physicist Leon Lederman. Co-recipient of the 2005 Robert P. Balles Prize in Critical Thinking, awarded by CSICOP. The award is rewarded to the author of "The published work that best exemplifies healthy skepticism, logical analysis or empirical science". The 2005 award was shared with authors Andrew Skolnick and Joe Nickell. <mask> received award for his article Testing Natasha published in the series Testing the Girl with the X-Ray Eyes in Skeptical Inquirer.Doctor of Science, Honoris Causa from Simon Fraser University in October 2007. Philip J. Klass Award for outstanding contributions in promoting critical thinking and scientific understanding for 2010, awarded by National Capital Area Skeptics (NCAS). The Independent Investigation Group presented <mask> with the Houdini Hall of Honor award 2011. Books

Selected articles
How People Are Fooled by Ideomotor Action – Quackwatch.org
Proper Criticism – July/August 2001 – Skeptical Inquirer Magazine

References

External links
The Skeptic's Toolbox
 on dowsing, Nov. 19, 1997

1928 births
Living people
American magicians
American skeptics
Critics of alternative medicine
Critics of parapsychology
Anomalistic psychology
Boston University alumni
Harvard University faculty
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Writers from Chelsea,


title: Steven Horwitz

texts:
<mask><mask> (February 7, 1964 – June 27, 2021) was an American economist of the Austrian School. <mask> was the Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise in the Department of Economics in the Miller College of Business at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. In 2017, he retired as the Dana Professor of Economics Emeritus at St. Lawrence University. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Detroit, Michigan, to Ronald and <mask>. He was raised in Oak Park, Michigan, and graduated from Berkley High School in Berkley, Michigan, in 1981. He graduated cum laude with an A.B. in Economics and Philosophy from the University of Michigan in 1985, where he was also active with several libertarian student groups and where he wrote and performed with the Sunday Funnies/Comedy Company sketch comedy group.He received his M.A. (1987) and Ph.D. (1990) in Economics from George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. At George Mason, he studied with Don Lavoie (who chaired his dissertation committee), George Selgin, Karen Vaughn, James M. Buchanan, Don Boudreaux, and Richard E. Wagner. Professional history
In 1989, <mask> joined the economics department of St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York. In 1993, he was appointed the inaugural Flora Irene Eggleston Chair in Economics. He was promoted to associate professor with tenure in 1995 and to full professor in 2002. In 1999, he was awarded the annual Frank Piskor Lectureship, and in 2003 he was the recipient of the J. Calvin Keene award, which recognizes high standards of personal scholarship, effective teaching and moral concern.In 2007, Horwitz was elected by the faculty to one of six campus-wide Charles A. Dana

masks:
Steven G
. Horwitz
Horwitz
Horwitz
Carol Horwitz
Horwitz


title: Steven Horwitz

texts: Professorships. At St. Lawrence, Horwitz served as the Associate Dean of the First Year from 2001 to 2007, overseeing the university's First Year Program. He consulted with other schools on living-learning programs and on teaching research and communication skills to first-year students. He was also interim director of the Center for Teaching and Learning in 2003–04. In fall 2017, <mask> joined the Department of Economics at Ball State University as Distinguished Professor of Free Enterprise. He was also the Director of the Institute for the Study of Political Economy. Horwitz was a long-time faculty member at the summer seminars of the Institute for Humane Studies and the Foundation for Economic Education.In summer 2007, he was a visiting scholar at the Social Philosophy and Policy Center at Bowling Green State University in Bowling Green, Ohio. Horwitz was a Senior Affiliated Scholar of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University in Arlington, Virginia, where he had conducted nationally recognized research on the role of Wal-Mart and the Coast Guard in the response to Hurricane Katrina. He was also a senior fellow of the Fraser Institute in Canada and had been a member of the Mont Pelerin Society since 1996. Horwitz was the 2020 recipient of the Julian L. Simon Memorial Award from the Competitive Enterprise Institute, honoring his work documenting human progress and the importance of liberal institutions. In 2019, he received the Prometheus Award for the Promotion of Economic Literacy from the Greek think tank KEFiM. Most of Horwitz's professional work was in the area of monetary theory and macroeconomics from an Austrian school perspective, with his 2000 book


title: Steven Horwitz

texts:
 Microfoundations and Macroeconomics: An Austrian Perspective best summarizing that work. He had also contributed to Austrian economics and the history of economic thought, as well as the social thought of F. A. Hayek.After that book, he explored the economics and social theory of the family, including his book Hayek's Modern Family: Classical Liberalism and the evolution of Social Institutions. His "Open Letter to My Friends on the Left" in September 2008 was a widely read libertarian analysis of the mortgage crisis and has been translated into five languages. He was a frequent op-ed contributor to major newspapers and appeared on numerous radio shows as well as TV appearances on Stossel, Freedom Watch, and Smerconish on CNN. Horwitz identified himself as a bleeding-heart libertarian and was a regular contributor to the Bleeding Heart Libertarians weblog. He also contributed to Coordination Problem. Personal life
Outside of his professional interests, <mask> was a huge fan of hockey, especially the Detroit Red Wings, and classic rock, especially the Canadian band Rush. He combined his hobby and his professional life by writing two scholarly articles on Rush in 2003.<mask> was diagnosed with multiple myeloma in 2017. He was public about his treatment process and engaged in educational and fundraising efforts for multiple myeloma research on social media and in interviews. He died on June 27, 2021. He was married to Sarah Skwire, a Senior Fellow and Director of Communications at Liberty Fund, and they resided in Fishers, Indiana, with her two daughters. He had two children, Andrew and Rachel, from a previous marriage. <mask> was Jewish. Books and monographs

 Monetary

masks: Horwitz Horwitz Horwitz


title: Steven Horwitz

texts:
 to the Liberal Order: Hayek's Non-rationalist Liberalism," Review of Austrian Economics, 13 (1), March 2000, pp. 23–40. "From Smith to Menger to Hayek: Liberalism in the Spontaneous Order Tradition," The Independent Review, 6 (1), Summer 2001, pp 81–97. "The Costs of Inflation Revisited," Review of Austrian Economics, 16 (1), March 2003, pp.77–95. "The Functions of the Family in the Great Society," Cambridge Journal of Economics, 29 (5), September 2005, pp. 669–84. "Heterogeneous Human Capital, Uncertainty, and the Structure of Plans: A Market Process Approach to Marriage and Divorce" (with Peter Lewin), Review of Austrian Economics, 21 (1), March 2008, pp. 1–21. "Making Hurricane Response More Effective: Lessons from the Private Sector and the Coast Guard During Katrina" Policy Comment #17, Mercatus Center, Washington, DC, March 19, 2008. "The Empirics of Austrian Economics" Cato Unbound, Cato, Washington, DC, September 5, 2012.References

External links
 Official website
 Economics videos
 <mask>'s bio at the Mercatus Center

1964 births
2021 deaths
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American economists
21st-century American male writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American economists
American economics writers
American libertarians
Austrian School economists
George Mason University alumni
George Mason University faculty
Jewish American writers
Mercatus Center
Writers from Detroit
People with multiple myeloma
University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts alumni
American male non-fiction writers
Economists from Michigan
Deaths from multiple myeloma
21st-century


title: Reggie Lewis

texts:
Reginald C<mask> (November 21, 1965 – July 27, 1993) was an American professional basketball player for the National Basketball Association's Boston Celtics from 1987 to 1993. Early life
Born in Baltimore, Maryland, <mask> attended high school at Dunbar High School, where he played basketball alongside future NBA players Muggsy Bogues, David Wingate, and <mask>. The 1981–82 Dunbar Poets finished the season at 29–0 during <mask>' junior season and finished 31–0 during his senior season, and were ranked first in the nation by USA Today. College career
<mask> attended Northeastern University in Boston. Over his four years at Northeastern, <mask> scored 2,708 points, still the all-time record at the university. His Northeastern teams won the ECAC North all four seasons and played in the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament every year. The 1983–84 Huskies advanced to the second round of the NCAA Tournament, falling one point shy of the Sweet 16 when Rolando Lamb scored at the buzzer to lift VCU over the Huskies.His uniform number was retired and hangs in tribute in Matthews Arena (the home of Northeastern University's men's basketball team and the Celtics' original home arena in 1946). As a Celtic, he and his family lived in Dedham, Massachusetts. He was a second cousin of PJ Dozier, who wore the jersey number 35 as a member of the Oklahoma City Thunder in honor of <mask>. Professional career

Boston Celtics (1987–1993)
<mask> was drafted in the first round, 22nd overall, by the Boston Celtics in the 1987 NBA draft. The Celtics were looking to add some youth to the team, especially for the aging "Big 3" of Larry Bird, Kevin McHale, and Robert Parish. This need became more urgent after Len Bias, the 2nd overall pick in the 1986 NBA draft, died of a cocaine overdose. As a rookie, <mask> played sporadically,

masks:
. Lewis
Lewis
Reggie Williams
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis


title: Reggie Lewis

texts: averaging 8.3 minutes per game under coach K. C. Jones.By his second season, thanks in part to a new coach (and an injury to Bird), <mask> averaged over 30 minutes and scored 18.5 points per game. <mask> was selected to play in his first and only NBA All-Star Game held in Orlando, Florida in 1992. He played 15 minutes, scoring 7 points and grabbing 4 rebounds. <mask> averaged 20.8 points in each of his last two seasons with the Celtics, and finished with a career average of 17.6 points per contest. His no. 35 jersey was retired by the Celtics, making him one of only two Celtics to have a retired number without winning a championship with the team, the other player being Ed Macauley. On April 29, 1993, in Game 1 of the Celtics' playoff series against the Charlotte Hornets, <mask> suddenly collapsed on the court and remained on the ground for several seconds.After he finally got up, he looked perplexed and dazed as he headed to the Celtics bench. <mask> returned briefly to the game but was eventually pulled due to dizziness and shortness of breath. He left the game having scored 17 points in 13 minutes of action in what turned out to be his final NBA game. The following day, <mask> checked into New England Baptist Hospital, where he underwent a series of tests by more than a dozen heart specialists, who the Celtics called their "dream team" of doctors. <mask> was diagnosed with "focal cardiomyopathy", a disease of the heart muscle that can cause irregular heartbeat and heart failure. <mask> was told his condition was most likely career-ending. However, he later sought a second opinion from Dr. Gilbert Mudge at Brigham and Women's Hospital, who diagnosed <mask> with neurocardiogenic syncope, a less serious non-fatal condition instead.As a result, <mask> began working out in preparation for

masks: Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: Reggie Lewis

texts:
 returning for the 1994 season. Mudge was later cleared of any wrongdoing, and he insisted he had never authorized <mask> to resume workouts. Death
On July 27, 1993, during off-season practice at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, <mask> suffered sudden cardiac death on the basketball court at the age of 27 years old. James Crowley, a Brandeis University police officer who happened upon the gym on a routine patrol, and another Brandeis University police officer attempted to revive <mask> by using mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, but they were unsuccessful. <mask> is buried in an unmarked grave in Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. His death was attributed to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a structural heart defect that is the most common cause of death in young athletes. Aftermath
Following <mask>' death, questions were raised about whether he had used cocaine, and whether cocaine use had contributed to his death.The Wall Street Journal reported that physicians "suspected that cocaine killed Boston Celtics star <mask>...but they were thwarted by actions by his family and a 'dismissive' policy toward drugs by the NBA." The Journal added the following:

Whether Mr. <mask> died from a heart damaged by cocaine -- as many doctors suspected then and now -- cannot be definitively shown. What is evident: The official cause of death, a heart damaged by a common-cold virus, is a medically nonsensical finding by a coroner who was under intense pressure from the <mask> family to exclude any implication of drug use. The Boston Celtics responded by expressing sadness about the "vicious attack on <mask> and his family" and threatening "to file a $100 million lawsuit against the reporter, The Wall Street Journal and its parent company, Dow Jones and Co. Inc." Dr. Gilbert Mudge, a

masks:
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Reggie Lewis
Lewis
Lewis
Reggie Lewis


title: Reggie Lewis

texts: doctor who treated <mask>, was sued for malpractice in connection with <mask>' death; in written responses to questions from the attorneys for Donna Harris-<mask>, Mudge said that "16 days before <mask> collapsed from a heart attack in 1993, he acknowledged having used cocaine, but said he had stopped." On the other hand, the doctor who performed the autopsy on <mask> testified that the scarring on his heart was inconsistent with cocaine use, and other doctors reached the same conclusion though they "stopped short of saying he never used drugs." Also, <mask>'s heart tissue tested positive for adenovirus during his autopsy. After <mask>' death, the Reggie Lewis Track and Athletic Center was opened in Roxbury, Boston.The center was funded partially by <mask> and has hosted major indoor track and field competitions, the Boston Indoor Games, home basketball games for Roxbury Community College, and Northeastern University track and field events. On March 22, 1995, the Boston Celtics retired <mask>' jersey. <mask> had worn the number 35 for his entire career. During the ceremony, former teammate Dee Brown made a speech while two other former teammates, Sherman Douglas and Xavier McDaniel, held up <mask>' framed jersey. <mask>' contract remained on the Celtics' salary cap for two full seasons after his death because at the time the NBA did not have a provision to void contracts in the event an active player died; NBA Commissioner David Stern said that the remaining NBA teams should approve an exemption for <mask>' contract but the rest of the league, many of whom had spent years or even decades losing to the Celtics on the court, said that they would do no such thing to help Boston. The rules have since been changed so that a similar case would result in a deceased player's contract being paid by

masks: Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis Lewis


title: Luis Scott-Vargas

texts:
<mask> (born February 17, 1983), commonly known as LSV, is a professional Magic: the Gathering player from Oakland, California, USA, currently living in Denver, Colorado. His accomplishments include fifteen Grand Prix Top 8s (five wins among them) and ten Pro Tour Top 8s (one win among them). In 2013 he was inducted into the Magic: The Gathering Hall of Fame. As well as being a prominent player of the game, LSV is also known for writing about the game. He was a writer for StarCityGames.com before becoming the editor and vice president for ChannelFireball.com, a Magic: The Gathering shop and strategy website. LSV still writes for Channelfireball but ended his tenure as editor in 2012 to work as game designer at Dire Wolf Digital, specifically on Eternal. Magic: The Gathering career
LSV first qualified for the Pro Tour in 2004 for Pro Tour San Diego and has been an active competitor in major Magic: the Gathering events since.LSV's breakout performance came at the 2006 US Nationals, where he won a play-off to take third place and earn a place on the US Nationals team with Paul Cheon and Benjamin Lundquist. The US Nationals team would finish 13th in the team competition at the 2006 World Championship. He went on to win US Nationals in 2007, leading a US Nationals team featuring Thomas Drake and Michael Bennett. The US National team finished in 25th place at the 2007 World Championship. He also won Grand Prix San Francisco that season, his first Grand Prix title. The 2008 season would bring even greater success for LSV. He made the Top 8 of Grand Prix Philadelphia before going on to make his first Pro Tour Top 8 at Pro Tour Berlin.LSV reached the finals of the Pro Tour where he defeated Matej Zatlkaj to win his first, and so far only, Pro Tour title. He would then continue his success by winning his second Grand Prix event at Grand Prix Atlanta. By the end of the year, LSV had amassed 58 Pro points, placing him in


title: Luis Scott-Vargas

texts:
 years.Despite LSV's great success in the 2015-16 season, he decided to move to primarily doing coverage for the following season instead of playing. However, Wizards of the Coast has allowed him to defer the platinum status he had earned, and he has stated he intends to play on the Pro Tour again at some point in the future. Play style
LSV is known to favor control decks in Limited, and often comments on his love for drawn out games involving mana-intensive cards. In Constructed, Scott-Vargas has a preference for Combo and Control decks, but has been successful with a variety of different archetypes. When he won Pro Tour Berlin, he piloted an Elf tribal combo deck; he achieved his two Constructed Grand Prix wins with a blue-black control deck and a Storm combo deck; and his three most recent Pro Tour top eight finishes were all with aggressive decks, including a Naya (red-green-white) deck with which he went undefeated in the Swiss rounds of Pro Tour San Diego 2010, and an Eldrazi agro deck in 2016. Achievements

Team ChannelFireball
Team ChannelFireball is a team of professional Magic: The Gathering players, formed in 2010. The team is named after two Magic: the Gathering cards – Channel and Fireball, one of the most famous two-card combos from the early days of the game.Many of the members of the team write strategy articles for an eponymous website. LSV is considered to be the official leader of the team, as he is often responsible for organising the team meeting and practicing for events. Current and former Team Members

  <mask>-Vargas
  Paulo Vitor Damo da Rosa
  David Ochoa
  Josh Utter-Leyton
  Owen Turtenwald
  Conley Woods
  Ben Stark
  Brian Kibler
  Brad Nelson
  Matt Nass
  Tom Martell
  Eric Froehlich
  Shuhei Nakamura
  Martin Juza

  Lukas Blohon
  Gerry Thompson
   Shahar Shenhar
  Frank Karsten
  Kenji Tsumura
  Pat Cox
  Ben Lundquist
  Brock Parker
  Paul Rietzl
  Paul Cheon
  David


title: Alexander Agricola

texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>;  – 15 August 1506) was a Netherlandish composer of the Renaissance writing in the Franco-Flemish style. A prominent member of the Grande chapelle, the Habsburg musical establishment, he was a renowned composer in the years around 1500, and his music was widely distributed throughout Europe. He composed music in all of the important sacred and secular styles of the time. Life
<mask> was the illegitimate son of Lijsbette Naps, a wealthy female merchant who lived in Ghent. He was probably born sometime in the late-1450s, and had a brother called Jan. A commemorative motet first published in 1538 gave his age as 60 at the time of his death in 1506, but that may be due to a medieval convention concerning the number 60. He may have received his musical training from the parish church of St Nicolas in Ghent, as his mother made a substantial donation to its musical establishment in 1467. In 1476 he is known to have been in Cambrai, in the Low Countries, where he was employed as a petit vicaire or singer from February to May.Most of his life he spent in posts in Italy, France and the Low Countries, though there are gaps where his activities are not known, and he seems to have left many of his posts without permission. <mask> was previously identified as the Alessandro d'Alemagna who served as a singer for Duke Galeazzo Maria Sforza of Milan from 1471 to 1474, during the period when the Milanese chapel choir grew into one of the largest and most famous ensembles in Europe; Loyset Compère, Johannes Martini, Gaspar van Weerbeke, and several other composer-singers were also in Milan during those years. In 1474 Duke Galeazzo Maria wrote a letter of recommendation for a certain "<mask> Alamania" to Lorenzo de' Medici. That identification has since been questioned because the Milanese documents do not record the surname of this

masks:
Alexander Agricola
Alexander Ackerman
Agricola
Agricola
Alexander de


title: Alexander Agricola

texts: Alessandro d'Alemagna, and <mask> is from Flanders, not Germany. The earliest unambiguous references to <mask> remain the documents at Cambrai. For the long period from 1476 to 1491 nothing definite is known except that he spent part of the time in the French royal chapel, and he must have been building his reputation as a composer during this time, for he was much in demand in the 1490s, with France and Naples competing for his services. Between October 1st 1491 and June 1st 1492 Agricola served as part of the cathedral chapel in Florence.In April of 1492 Charles VIII of France wrote a letter to Pietro de Medici asking for the return of <mask>, which implies that he had been serving in the French royal chapel for an unknown duration beforehand. <mask> was briefly in Naples in June of 1492, although King Ferrante had to relinquish him at the request of Charles VIII. Ferrante tried to reacquire <mask> from Charles VIII during 1493, at one point offering him a salary of 300 ducats a year. However Ferrante's enthusiasm cooled during the rest of 1493 as the situation in Italy deteriorated (war broke out in the next year) and he told <mask> to not come to Naples. Despite this, <mask> seemed to have returned to Naples (now ruled by Ferrante's son Alfonso) in 1494, staying for some time between February and March. After this the paper trail for <mask> runs cold until the spring of 1500, when he took a position with Philip the Handsome, who was Duke of Burgundy and became King of Castile upon the death of his mother-in-law in 1504. <mask> accompanied Philip on his travels through his extensive lands, which included two trips to Spain in 1501 and 1506, passing through France during the first trip and England in the second.He served alongside fellow composer Pierre de la Rue, and was paid the same salary; he also received benefices in Gorinchem and

masks: Agricola Agricola Agricola Agricola Agricola Agricola Agricola Agricola Agricola


title: Alexander Agricola

texts:
 Valenciennes Other composers present in Philip's chapel during this time includes Marbrianus de Orto and Antonius Divitis. By this time <mask> was one of the most esteemed composers in Europe. Petrucci brought out a collection of his masses in 1504, an honour accorded to few composers before him. His motet Si dedero survives in over thirty sources and both Obrecht and Divitis wrote masses based on it. Josquin paid homage to <mask> in his Missa Faisant regretz by borrowing the ostinato idea first used in his four voice Tout a par moy, which is in turn based on Frye's chanson. Works by <mask>, La Rue and Josquin make up the bulk of the choirbook B-Br MS 9126, which was prepared just before Philip's second trip to Spain. <mask> was still receiving his salary up until July 22nd of 1506, when the court was in Valladolid.However, his name is not included in the chapel payments in October which was authorised shortly after Philip's death. <mask>'s own death on August 15th, 1506 is confirmed by an epitaph found in a 16th century manuscript in Brussels, it reads: Epitaph. Here lies one whom death ensnared: a Ghenter, formerly called Master <mask>, well spoken of in music. Death dispatched him on 15 August 1506: God grant that he be comforted and seated among the righteous. Amen. Musical style

Related schools and composers

<mask> is one of the few transitional figures between the Burgundian School and the style of the Josquin generation of Netherlanders who actually wrote music in both styles. <mask>'s style is related to that of Johannes Ockeghem, especially early in his career, and towards the end of his life he was writing using the pervasive imitation characteristic of Josquin des Prez.While few of his works can be dated precisely, he does use many of the non-imitative, complex, rhythmically diverse contrapuntal procedures more often

masks:
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Alexander Agricola
Agricola
Agricola


title: Alexander Agricola

texts:
 associated with Ockeghem. Unlike Ockeghem, however, he was willing to employ repetition, sequence, and florid imitation in the manner of the other composers who were working around 1500 when the technique became widespread. Genres

<mask> wrote masses, motets, motet-chansons, secular songs in the prevailing formes fixes such as rondeaux and bergerettes, other chansons, and instrumental music. Much of his instrumental music was based on secular music by Gilles Binchois or Ockeghem. Many of these pieces had become quite popular in the late 15th century. Compositional hallmarks

Above all the variants in his general musical style over his working life, <mask> himself wrote in a highly distinctive style, taking the mysteriously sinuous lines of Ockeghem as his point of departure. His music is often very busy and highly detailed, with repeated sequence, repetition of terse rhythmic and motivic units, and a desire to usurp the underlying pulse, sometimes seeming to border on the perverse, either by prolonging cadential figures to cadence on the "wrong" beat, or by shifting the metrical beat of some parts against others.As an example, the closing Agnus Dei of his unusually extended Missa 'In myne zin''' features the cantus firmus stated in equal notes of eleven minims duration each in first statement, followed by a statement of five minims duration each, or in the second Salve Regina setting, offsetting part of the statement of the cantus firmus by a quaver for its entire duration, in both cases with the other voices proceeding in a more strict quadruple meter above. Other "games" played in the music include posing puzzles of mode and musica ficta for the performers (e.g. the Kyrie of the Missa Le serviteur plays with the expectations of the very well known plainchant cantus firmus by setting up some knotty issues of the implied possibility of

masks: Agricola Agricola


title: Alexander Agricola

texts:
 modal inflection with consistent extra flats.) The music is characteristically athletic in all voice parts, with the lower parts in particular featuring much that requires very fine singers, and not representing the normal simply harmonic function of the tenor-bass combinations used by most of his contemporaries. Often a highly elaborate set of quick motifs will spring unexpected from a previous slow-moving texture (e.g. the eruption of detailed duos beginning at Glorificamus te and climaxing at Adoramus te in the Gloria of the Missa in myne zin). His music was very highly regarded in its day, the very distinctive style leading to one contemporary commentator referring to it as "crazy", and another as "sublime".Other Agricolas
There are other composers named Agricola who are sometimes confused with <mask>:
 <mask> (1486–1556; famous mainly as a theorist and teacher)
 <mask> (1494–1566), German Protestant reformer and humanist
  (before 1560-1594)
 Wolfgang Christoph <mask> (c. 1600 – c. 1659)
 Johann Paul <mask> (1638 or 1639–1697)
 Georg Ludwig <mask> (1643–1676; also an important writer)
 Johann Friedrich <mask> (1720–1774; also a musicographer, organist and singing master)

 Notes

 References

 Edward R. Lerner, "<mask>." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, ed. Stanley Sadie. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. ()
 Honey Meconi, Pierre de la Rue and Musical Life at the Habsburg-Burgundian Court''. Oxford, Oxford University Press.2003. External links

 Edition of the instrumental fantasias at Goldberg Stiftung
 Edition of the songs at Goldberg Stiftung

1450s births
1506 deaths
Musicians of the Habsburg Netherlands
15th-century Franco-Flemish composers
Musicians from Ghent
Renaissance composers
16th-century deaths from plague (disease)
Infectious disease deaths in Spain
16th-century

masks:
Alexander
Martin Agricola
Johannes Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Agricola
Alexander Aricola


title: Jeremy Evans

texts:
<mask> (born October 24, 1987) is an American professional basketball player for Panathinaikos of the Greek Basket League and the EuroLeague. He played college basketball for the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers before being drafted by the Utah Jazz in 2010. During his career, <mask> has also spent time with the Utah Jazz, the Dallas Mavericks, the Atlanta Hawks, and Khimki Moscow in Russia. In 2012, he was named the NBA Slam Dunk Contest champion. High school career
<mask> attended Crossett High School, where he helped the Eagles reach the state tournament each of his last two seasons. As a junior, he was named All-State, All-League, and was voted the County Player of the Year after Crossett High finished 17–10. As a senior, he averaged 25.6 points, 11.0 rebounds, and 4.0 blocks per game, earning All-State and All-Conference accolades.College career
<mask> played in college for the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers. As a senior, he averaged 10.0 ppg with a field goal percentage of .639. He is the Hilltoppers all-time leader in blocks with 224 and also a member of WKU's 1,000-point club with 1,065 career points, and he wrapped up his career with a 7.9 point-per game scoring average and an average of 5.9 rebounds per game. Professional career

Utah Jazz (2010–2015)

<mask> was drafted by the Utah Jazz with the 55th overall pick in the 2010 NBA draft. On March 4, 2011, he was assigned to the Utah Flash. He was recalled on March 6. On February 22, 2012, <mask> was announced as a competitor in the 2012 Sprite NBA All-Star Weekend Slam Dunk Contest, replacing the injured Iman Shumpert of the New York Knicks.He dunked two basketballs in one dunk over teammate Gordon Hayward and won the contest with 29% of the votes. On July 11, 2012, <mask> re-signed

masks:
Jeremy Deshawn Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans
Evans


title: Jeremy Evans

texts:
 with the Utah Jazz to a multi-year deal. On February 16, 2013, <mask> participated in another Slam Dunk Contest. In one of his dunks, he jumped over a painting of himself dunking, which he himself painted. He went on to lose to Terrence Ross. Dallas Mavericks (2015–2016)
On July 31, 2015, <mask> signed a two-year deal with the Dallas Mavericks. He made his debut for the Mavericks in the team's season opener against the Phoenix Suns on October 28, recording 7 points and 6 rebounds in a 111–95 win.During his first year as a member of Mavericks, he had multiple assignments to the Texas Legends of the NBA Development League. On March 17, 2016, he was ruled out for the rest of the season after undergoing arthroscopic surgery to repair a torn labrum in his right shoulder. On July 7, 2016, <mask> was traded, along with cash considerations and the rights to Emir Preldžić, to the Indiana Pacers in exchange for the rights to Stanko Barać. On October 23, 2016, he was waived by the Pacers after appearing in two preseason games. Khimki (2016–2017)
On October 29, 2016, <mask> signed with Russian club BC Khimki for the rest of the 2016–17 season. Erie BayHawks (2017–2018)
On September 21, 2017, <mask> signed with the Atlanta Hawks. He was released on October 13 as one of the team’s final preseason roster cuts.Atlanta Hawks (2018)
On April 1, 2018, the Atlanta Hawks announced that they had signed <mask> to a 10-day contract. Darüşşafaka (2018–2019)
On August 21, 2018, <mask> signed a one-year deal with Darüşşafaka of the Turkish BSL and the EuroLeague. Second stint with Khimki (2019–2020)
On July 25, 2019, Khimki announced that they had brought back <mask>. Olimpia Milano (2021)
On February 24, 2021, <mask> signed with Olimpia Milano, competing only in

masks: Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans Evans


title: Jeremy Evans

texts:
 EuroLeague games. He parted ways with the team on May 31. Panathinaikos (2021–present)
On August 21, 2021, <mask> signed with Greek club Panathinaikos of the Greek Basket League and the EuroLeague, signing a one-year deal. The Basketball Tournament
In 2017, <mask> played for the Kentucky Kings of The Basketball Tournament.<mask> averaged 21.5 PPG and 13.0 RPG to help his team advance to the second round of the tournament. The Basketball Tournament is an annual $2 million winner-take-all tournament broadcast on ESPN. In TBT 2018, he played for Eberlein Drive. Eberlein Drive made it to the championship game, where they lost to Overseas Elite. An accomplished artist, <mask> had a sketch of CBS analyst Dan Bonner showcased on national television broadcast of the Hilltoppers’ second round battle with Gonzaga during the 2009 NCAA Tournament and some of his art was also displayed throughout the WKU athletic offices. He majored in interdisciplinary studies with a concentration in art. References

External links

 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers bio
 EuroLeague profile

1987 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Russia
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Atlanta Hawks players
Basketball players from Arkansas
BC Khimki players
Centers (basketball)
Dallas Mavericks players
Darüşşafaka Basketbol players
Erie BayHawks (2017–19) players
Olimpia Milano players
Panathinaikos B.C.players
People from Crossett, Arkansas
Power forwards (basketball)
Texas Legends players
Utah Flash players
Utah Jazz draft picks
Utah Jazz players
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball players
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American

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<mask><mask>  (born 31 October 1935) is a British-born Marxist economic geographer, podcaster and Distinguished Professor of anthropology and geography at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York (CUNY). He received his PhD in geography from the University of Cambridge in 1961. <mask> has authored many books and essays that have been prominent in the development of modern geography as a discipline. He is a proponent of the idea of the right to the city. In 2007, <mask> was listed as the 18th most-cited author of books in the humanities and social sciences in that year, as established by counting citations from academic journals in the Thomson Reuters ISI database. Early life and education

<mask><mask> was born in 1935 in Gillingham, Kent. He attended Gillingham Grammar School for Boys and St John's College, Cambridge (for both his undergraduate and post-graduate studies).<mask>'s early work, beginning with his PhD (on hops production in 19th century Kent), was historical in nature, emerging from a regional-historical tradition of inquiry widely used at Cambridge and in Britain at that time. Historical inquiry runs through his later works (for example on Paris). <mask> resides in New York. He has a daughter, Delfina, born in January, 1990. Career

By the mid-1960s, <mask> followed trends in the social sciences to employ quantitative methods, contributing to spatial science and positivist theory. Roots of this work were visible while he was at Cambridge: the Department of Geography also housed Richard Chorley, and Peter Haggett. His Explanation in Geography (1969) was a landmark text in the

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 methodology and philosophy of geography, applying principles drawn from the philosophy of science in general to the field of geographical knowledge.But after its publication <mask> moved on again, to become concerned with issues of social injustice and the nature of the capitalist system itself. He has never returned to embrace the arguments made in Explanation, but still he conforms to the critique of absolute space and exceptionalism in geography of the regional-historical tradition that he saw as an outcome of Kantian synthetic a priori knowledge. 1970s Growth of Marxist geography and urban geography

Moving from Bristol University to Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore in the US, he positioned himself centrally in the newly emerging field of radical and Marxist geography. Injustice, racism, and exploitation were visible in Baltimore, and activism around these issues was tangible in early 1970s East Coast, perhaps more so than in Britain. The journal Antipode was formed at Clark University; <mask> was one of the first contributors. The Boston Association of American Geographers meetings in 1971 were a landmark, with <mask> and others disrupting the traditional approach of their peers. In 1972, in a famous essay on ghetto formation, he argued for the creation of "revolutionary theory", theory "validated through revolutionary practice".Social Justice and the City (1973)

One of the most important subfields impacted by the rise of Marxist geography was in urban geography. <mask> established himself as the leader of this subfield with the publication of Social Justice and the City (1973). <mask> argued

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 in this book that geography could not remain 'objective' in the face of urban poverty and associated ills. It makes a significant contribution to Marxian theory by arguing that capitalism annihilates space to ensure its own reproduction. 1980s consolidation of Marxist geography and materialist critique of postmodernism
Dialectical materialism has guided his subsequent work, notably the theoretically sophisticated Limits to Capital (1982), which furthers the radical geographical analysis of capitalism, and several books on urban processes and urban life have followed it. In ‘Limits to Capital’ <mask> expanded and innovated Marxist theory with respect to the functioning of money and finance, and the ‘spatial moment’ in the unfolding of capitalist crisis formation. The Condition of Postmodernity (1989), written while a Professor at Oxford, was a best-seller (the London The Independent named it as one of the fifty most important works of non-fiction to be published since 1945, and it is cited 30,000 times by 2017).It is a materialist critique of postmodern ideas and arguments, suggesting these actually emerge from contradictions within capitalism itself. Justice, Nature and the Geography of Difference (1996) focuses on social and environmental justice (although its dialectical perspective has attracted the ire of some Greens). Spaces of Hope (2000) has a utopian theme and indulges in speculative thinking about how an alternative world might look. His study of Second Empire Paris and the events surrounding the Paris Commune in Paris, Capital of Modernity, is undoubtedly his most elaborated


title: David Harvey

texts: historical-geographical work. The onset of US military action since 2001 has provoked a blistering critique – in The New Imperialism (2003) he argues that the war in Iraq allows US neo-conservatives to divert attention from the failures of capitalism 'at home'. His next work, A Brief History of Neoliberalism (2005), provides an historical examination of the theory and divergent practices of neoliberalism since the mid-1970s. This work conceptualises the neoliberalised global political economy as a system that benefits few at the expense of many, and which has resulted in the (re)creation of class distinction through what <mask> calls "accumulation by dispossession".His book The Enigma of Capital (2010) takes a long view of the contemporary economic crisis. <mask> explains how capitalism came to dominate the world and why it resulted in the financial crisis. He describes that the essence of capitalism is its amorality and lawlessness and to talk of a regulated, ethical capitalism is to make a fundamental error. A series of events linked to this book across London academic forums, such as the LSE, proved hugely popular and sparked a new interest in <mask>'s work. <mask> returned to Johns Hopkins from Oxford in 1993, but spent increasing time elsewhere as a speaker and visitor, notably as a salaried Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics in the late 1990s. In 1996, he delivered the Ellen Churchill Semple lecture at UK Geography. He moved to the City University of New York in 2001 as a Distinguished Professor, now residing in its Department of Anthropology.He has spent most of his academic career in

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 Anglo-America, with brief sojourns in France and a range of foreign visiting appointments (currently as acting Advisory Professor at Tongji University in Shanghai). He has supervised many PhD students. Several of these, such as Neil Smith, Richard Walker, Erik Swyngedouw, Michael Johns, Maarten Hajer, Patrick Bond, Melissa Wright, and Greg Ruiters now hold or held important academic positions themselves. In 2013 <mask> was asked by the Republic of Ecuador to help set up the National Strategic Center for the Right to the Territory (CENEDET), which he directed with the urbanist Miguel Robles-Durán until its alleged forced closure in 2017. Critical response to <mask>'s work has been sustained. In the early years, there was competition between <mask> and proponents of quantitative and non-politicized geography, notably Brian Berry. A recent critical appraisal (Castree & Gregory, 2006) explores some critiques of <mask> in detail.Reading Marx's Capital
Two constants in <mask>'s life and work have been teaching a course on Marx's Capital and his support for student activism and community and labour movements (notably in Baltimore). His course was put into a YouTube lecture series, which gained immense popularity and resulted in two companion books for the two volumes of Marx's Capital. Recognition
<mask> is widely recognized as a foundational scholar in urban geography. <mask>'s books have been widely translated. He holds honorary doctorates from Roskilde (Denmark), Buenos Aires (Argentina), the Faculty of Social Sciences at Uppsala University (Sweden), Ohio State University (USA), Lund University (Sweden), the

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 University of the Republic (Uruguay) and the University of Kent (UK). Among other awards he has received the Anders Retzius Gold Medal of the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography, the Patron's Medal of the Royal Geographical Society and the Vautrin Lud International Prize in Geography (France). He was made a fellow of the British Academy in 1998, and was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2007.He is a member of the Interim Committee for the emerging International Organization for a Participatory Society. Affiliated institutions
 B.A. (Hons) St Johns College, Cambridge, 1957
 PhD St Johns College, Cambridge, 1961. Post-doc, University of Uppsala, Sweden 1960–1961
 Lecturer, Geography, University of Bristol, UK (1961–1969)
 Associate Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, (1969–1973)
 Professor, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, Johns Hopkins University (1973–1987, and 1993–2001)
 Halford Mackinder Professor of Geography, University of Oxford (1987–1993)
 Distinguished Professor, Dept. of Anthropology, City University of New York (2001–present)

Bibliography

 Explanation in Geography (1969)
 Social Justice and the City (1973)
 The Limits to Capital (1982)
 The Urbanization of Capital (1985)
 Consciousness and the Urban Experience (1985)
 The Condition of Postmodernity: An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change (1989)
 The Urban Experience (1989)
 Teresa Hayter, <mask> (eds.) (1994) The Factory and the City: The Story of the Cowley Automobile Workers in Oxford. Thomson Learning
 Justice, Nature and


title: David Harvey

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 the Geography of Difference (1996)
 Megacities Lecture 4: Possible Urban Worlds, Twynstra Gudde Management Consultants, Amersfoort, The Netherlands, (2000)
 Spaces of Hope (2000)
 Spaces of Capital: Towards a Critical Geography (2001)
 The New Imperialism (2003)
 Paris, Capital of Modernity (2003)
 A Brief History of Neoliberalism (2005)
 Spaces of Global Capitalism: Towards a Theory of Uneven Geographical Development (2006)
 The Limits to Capital New Edition (2006)
 The Communist Manifesto- New Introduction Pluto Press (2008)
 Cosmopolitanism and the Geographies of Freedom (2009)
 Social Justice and the City: Revised Edition (2009)
 A Companion to Marx's Capital (2010)
 The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism (2010 Profile Books)
 Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution (2012)
 A Companion to Marx's Capital, Volume 2 (2013)
 Seventeen Contradictions and the End of Capitalism (2014)
 The Ways of the World (2016)
 Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason (2017)
 The Anti-Capitalist Chronicles (2020)

Articles, lectures and interviews
 Harvey, D. 2000.Possible Urban Worlds. The Fourth Megacities Lecture. The Hague. Merrifield, A. 2002. <mask>: The Geopolitics of Urbanization. In Metromarxism: A Marxist Tale of the City.New York: Routledge. <mask>, D. 2002. Chapter in Geographical Voices: Fourteen Autobiographical Essays. Ed. p Gould and FR Pitts. Syracuse University Press. <mask>, D. and Kreisler, H. 2004.A Geographer's Perspective on the New American Imperialism. Conversations with History. Institute of International Studies, UC Berkeley. audio video
 Castree, N.

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 2004. <mask>. In Key Thinkers on Space and Place, eds. Hubbard, Kitchin, Valentine.Sage Pubs. Castree, N., Essletzbichler, J., Brenner, N. 2004. "Symposium: <mask>'s 'The Limits to Capital': Two Decades On." Antipode 36(3):400–549. <mask>, D. 2005. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. University of Chicago Center for International Studies Beyond the Headlines Series.26 October 2005. audio
 <mask>, D. and Choonara, J. 2006. "A War Waged by the Wealthy", an interview in SR magazine covering <mask>'s account of neoliberalism and class. Jones, J.P. III, T.Mangieri, M.McCourt, S.Moore, K.Park, M.Pryce-Jones, K.Woodward. 2006. <mask> Live. New York: Continuum.Castree, N. and Gregory, D. 2006. <mask>: a Critical Reader. Oxford: Blackwell. Trevor Barnes chapter
 <mask>, D. 2006. Neoliberalism and the City. Middlebury College, Rohatyn Center for International Affairs Symposium, "Urban Landscapes: The Politics of Expression". 29 September 2006. audio video
 Ashman, S. 2006."Symposium: On <mask>'s 'The New Imperialism'." Historical Materialism 14(4): 3–166. Lilley, S. 2006 On Neoliberalism: An Interview with <mask> MR Zine 19 June 2006. <mask>, D. 2006. Neoliberalism and the City. 22nd Annual University of Pennsylvania Urban Studies Public Lecture. 2 November 2006. audio
 <mask>, D. 2007.The Neoliberal City. Lecture at Dickinson College, sponsored by the Clarke Forum for Contemporary Issues. 1 Feb 2007. audio video
 <mask>, D., Arrighi, G., Andreas, J., 2008. Symposium on Giovanni Arrighi's Adam Smith in Beijing. 5 March 2008. Red Emma's of Baltimore. video
 A Conversation With <mask>
 <mask>, D. 2008 Reading Marx's

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 Capital An open course consisting of a close reading of the text of Marx's Capital Volume I in 13 video lectures by <mask>.Escobar, P., 2008 The State of Empire: Pepe Escobar talks to <mask> The Real News Network 19 August 2008. Schouten, P., 2008 Theory Talk #20: <mask> on the Geography of Capitalism, Understanding Cities as Polities and Shifting Imperialisms Theory Talks 9 October 2008. <mask>, D. 2008 The Right to the City, 'New Left Review', October 2008
 <mask>, D. 2008. The Enigma of Capital. A lecture at City University of New York Graduate Center on 14 November 2008 audio
 <mask>, D. 2008. A Financial Katrina – Remarks on the Crisis. A lecture at City University of New York Graduate Center on 29 October 2008 audio
 <mask>, D. 2009.Why the U.S. Stimulus Package is Bound To Fail. 12 January 2009. <mask>, D. 2009. Reshaping Economic Geography: The World Development Report 2009 Development and Change. Institute of Social Studies, The Hague. 15 December 2009.<mask>, D. 2009. Organizing for the Anti-Capitalist Transition. Draws heavily on his forthcoming [April 2010] book,The Enigma of Capital. 16 December 2009. <mask>, D. 2010. The Crises of Capitalism Lecture given at the RSA, London. Provides a concise overview of the argument presented in The Enigma of Capital and the Crises of Capitalism.Includes question and answer session after lecture. 26 April 2010. <mask>, D. 2010. The Crises of Capitalism (abridged and animated)  Animated (and abridged) version of 2010 RSA Lecture above. Concise and humorous introduction to <mask>'s thought on the 2007–08 economic crisis. 28 June 2010. <mask>, D. et al.2011.

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 Territorial Justice, Human Flourishing and Geographical Strategies of Liberation, Justice spatiale | Spatial Justice. Oudenampsen, Robles-Durán, Miguel. 2011 Mobility, Crisis, Utopia An Interview with <mask>. <mask>, D. 2013. Focaal Interview Interviewed by Zoltan Gluck for Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology. 12 December 2013.<mask>, D. 2014. The 17 Contradictions of Capitalism, London School of Economics and Political Science. <mask>, D and Panitch, Leo. Beyond Impossible Reform and Improbable Revolution. Jacobin. 1 January 2015. <mask>, D. 2018.White Mirror Interviewed by Jeremy Scahill on Intercepted podcast. The Intercept. 17 January 2018. Segment begins at 1:16:00. References

External links

 CUNY Graduate Center Anthropology Faculty Page
 davidharvey.org Official Site. Currently "Reading Marx's Capital with <mask>" open course. Books by <mask> on WorldCat
 <mask> on Rebel Cities, Occupy Wall Street, and the Benefits of Class Struggle on Democracy Now!1935 births
Academics of the London School of Economics
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
American geographers
Anti-imperialism
British anti-capitalists
British geographers
British Marxists
City University of New York faculty
Graduate Center, CUNY faculty
Academics of the University of Bristol
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the British Academy
Living people
Marxist theorists
Marxist writers
People from Gillingham, Kent
Recipients of the Vautrin Lud International Geography Prize
Urban theorists
Writers about globalization
Halford Mackinder Professors of Geography
Human geographers
British

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title: Gertrud Luckner

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<mask> in 1966. Early life and education
Born Jane Hartmann in Liverpool, England on 26 September 1900, to Robert Hartman, a marine engineer, and his wife <mask> (née Miller). The family lived at 116 Salisbury Road, Wavertree, Liverpool. Her parents were from Germany and returned there when she was still a young child.She had no siblings and was orphaned in early childhood. At the age of seven she was sent to foster parents, who changed her name to <mask> <mask>. In the 1920s, she returned to England to study at Woodbrooke, the Quaker college in Birmingham. During the holidays she worked in the slums as a hospital almoner. She also studied at Konigsberg and at the universities of Frankfurt and Freiburg, where she obtained her doctorate in 1938. Her dissertation was on “Self-help Among the Unemployed in England and in Wales Based on English History of Ideas and Economics.”

Social work and resistance to Nazism
Upon the death of her adoptive parents, <mask> moved to Freiburg. A pacifist, she joined the German Catholics' Peace Association.When the Nazis came to power in 1933, she worked freelance with the Catholic aid organisation Caritas, in Freiburg, where she arranged exit opportunities for Jews. Under the direction of Caritas President Benedict Kreutz, Caritas expanded its activities. Raised a Quaker, in 1934 she was received into the Roman Catholic Church. Each week she collected the foreign newspapers discarded by the university library in order to read the news that was not being reported in German papers. Among German Catholic laity, <mask> was among the first to sense the genocidal inclinations of the Hitler regime and to attempt national action. After Kristallnacht, on the night of 9 November 1938, when Jewish businesses, synagogues and homes were burned all over Germany, <mask> cycled round Freiburg, visiting Jewish neighbours in friendship and solidarity. Luckner began to work full-time at the head office

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 of the German Association of Catholic Charitable Organizations, “Caritas.” Using international contacts, she secured safe passage abroad for many refugees.She organized aid circles for Jews, assisted many to escape, sent food parcels and clothing to internees, founded addresses where Jews could hide and worked with the priests Bernhard Lichtenberg and Alfred Delp. Before the transportation of Jews to concentration camps began, many of them were sent to work long hours in factories. However,
Jews were only allowed to go to the shops between four and six in the afternoon. This meant that buying food became difficult. <mask> organised some of her women friends to do the shopping for these Jewish families. Following the outbreak of World War II, <mask> organized, with the support of Archbishop Conrad Gröber of Freiburg, and the protection of Benedikt Kreutz, an "Office for Religious War Relief" (Kirchliche Kriegshilfsstelle) under the auspices of Caritas. The office became the instrument through which Freiburg Catholics helped racially persecuted “non-Aryans” (both Jews and Christians).In December 1941, Luckner was given a special power of attorney from Freiburg Archbishop Conrad Grober, who entrusted with tasks in the extraordinary pastoral care for so-called 'non-Aryan Catholics'. Travelling constantly, Luckner attempted to establish a national underground network through Caritas cells, providing financial support to individuals and Jewish religious communities. This relief effort was driven using funds received from the archbishop to smuggle Jews to Switzerland and to communicate the conditions for Jews to the outside world, remaining in contact with Leo Baeck, the leader of the Reich Union of the Jews in Germany, until his arrest in early 1943. She personally investigated the fate of the Jews being transported to the East and managed to obtain information on prisoners in concentration camps, and obtain clothing,

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 food and money for forced labourers and prisoners of war. Arrest
The Gestapo had been monitoring the mail of Caritas since 1933 and had informants among church employees. In January 1943, Luckner was under constant surveillance. On 24 March 1943, she was arrested as a 'Catholic activist and fanatical opponent of National Socialism' on the D-train on the way from Freiburg to Berlin just before she could transfer funds destined for the last Jews of Berlin.After nine weeks of interrogation at different locations, she was sent as a political prisoner in "protective custody" to Ravensbrück concentration camp. Post war
After the war, she returned to social work, assisting the victims of persecution and dedicated herself to Jewish-Christian understanding, visiting Israel in 1951. She established a journal, Freiburger Rundbrief (Freiburg Circular) in 1948, which she used to promote the cause. On 15 February 1966, she was recognised as Righteous among the Nations by Yad Vashem. She remained active in the cause until her death, in Freiburg on 31 August 1995. Legacy

The German Caritas Association established the Gertrud Luckner Prize to promote social work and scientific examination of tasks and activities of voluntary welfare organizations. In spring 2007, the readers of the Badische Zeitung, choose <mask> <mask> as the most significant person from Freiburg.The Gertrud-Luckner-Realschule in located in Rheinfelden, Switzerland. Gertrud-Luckner-Gewerbeschule is in Freiburg. See also
Catholic Church and Nazi Germany
Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany
 Margarete Sommer

References

1900 births
1995 deaths
English people of German descent
Former Quakers
German Roman Catholics
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Quakerism
German Righteous Among the Nations
People from Liverpool
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Roman Catholics in the German Resistance
German adoptees
20th-century


title: Jay Williams (basketball)

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<mask> (born September 10, 1981) is an American former basketball player and television analyst. He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team and professionally for the Chicago Bulls in the NBA. He is married to Nikki Bonacorsi and is the father of one daughter, Amelia, and one son, Zane. Then known as <mask>, he won the 2001 NCAA Championship with Duke, and was named NABC Player of the Year in 2001 and 2002. He was drafted second overall in the 2002 NBA Draft by the Bulls. He asked to be called <mask> on joining the Bulls, to avoid confusion with two other players in the NBA at the time. His playing career was effectively ended by a motorcycle accident in 2003.He last signed with the Austin Toros of the NBA Development League, but was waived on December 30, 2006, due to lingering physical effects from his accident. Since retiring, he has worked as an analyst for ESPN, initially working on ESPN College Basketball. In 2019, however, <mask> was reassigned to the NBA full-time with his addition on ESPN's NBA Countdown program. High school
<mask> grew up in Plainfield, New Jersey, and attended St. Joseph High School in Metuchen, graduating in 1999. He not only excelled at basketball, but took an active interest in other activities, most notably chess. His nickname in high school was "<mask>s." <mask> also played junior varsity soccer during his freshman year and was the state volleyball player of the year during his senior year.In basketball that year, <mask> was named a First Team All-State Player in New Jersey, the New Jersey Player of the Year, a Parade All-American, a USA Today first team All-American,

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 and a McDonald's All-American, where he competed in the Slam Dunk Contest and the McDonald's All-American Game, scoring 20 points in the contest. In his last year of high school he averaged 19 points, 7.0 assists, 4.2 rebounds and 3.7 steals per game; he had started each of the 4 years he spent at St. Joseph, and set school records in total points (1,977) and steals (407). He was also named the recipient of the 1999 Morgan Wootten Award for his basketball achievements and his work in the classroom, where he maintained a 3.6 GPA. College career
At Duke, <mask>, a ,  point guard, became one of the few freshmen in school history to average double figures in scoring and was named ACC Rookie of the Year and National Freshman of the Year by The Sporting News, averaging 14.5 points, 6.5 assists and 4.2 rebounds per contest. He was also a first team Freshman All-American by Basketball Times. The next season <mask> started all 39 games and led the Devils to the 2001 NCAA National Championship, earning NABC Player of the Year honors. His 841 points broke Dick Groat's 49-year Duke record for points in a season, while he led all tournament scorers with a 25.7 points per game average.<mask> also set the NCAA Tournament record for three-pointers attempted (66), while also making 132 three-point field goals—good for the sixth-highest total in NCAA history. His 21.6 points per game led the ACC and made him the first Duke player since Danny Ferry (1989) to lead the league in scoring. His 6.1 assists were good for second in the league, while he also ranked second in three-point field goal percentage (.427) and first in three-pointers made (3.4 per

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 game). <mask> was widely considered the best player in college basketball, earning both the prestigious Naismith Award and Wooden Award as College Basketball's Player of the Year in 2002. He graduated with a degree in Sociology in 2002, and left Duke with 2,079 points, good for sixth all-time, and with his jersey number 22 retired at Senior Day. He had 36 double-figure scoring games in a single season (tied for 5th-most in Duke history as of March 28, 2010, with Jon Scheyer, Shane Battier, and JJ Redick). In 2001–02, <mask>, Carlos Boozer, and Mike Dunleavy Jr. each scored at least 600 points for the season, a feat only matched at Duke by Jon Scheyer, Kyle Singler, and Nolan Smith in the 2009–10 season.<mask> (841) and Shane Battier (778) on the 2001 national championship team were one of only two Duke duos to each score over 700 points in a season, the other duo being Scheyer (728) and Singler (707) in the 2009–10 season. Professional career

Chicago Bulls (2002–2004)
<mask> was selected by the Chicago Bulls with the second overall pick in the 2002 NBA draft, after Yao Ming was selected by the Houston Rockets. <mask> was a starter in the Bulls' line-up for most of the 2002–03 NBA season. Although his performance was inconsistent and he competed for playing time with Jamal Crawford, he showed signs of promise, including posting a triple-double in a win over the New Jersey Nets. Motorcycle accident
On the night of June 19, 2003, <mask> was riding a motorcycle at a fast rate of speed on the North Side of Chicago. He crashed his Yamaha YZF-R6 motorcycle into a streetlight at the intersection of Belmont Avenue and Honore Street in the

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