title: Rachid Bouaouzan

texts: late–June, <mask> set up two goals in two matches between 18 July 2011 and 23 July 2011 against Kalmar and Malmö. However, his return was soon short–lived when he suffered a knee injury that kept him out for four weeks. It wasn't until on 21 September 2011 when <mask> made his return to the first team, coming on as a 76th-minute substitute, in a 3–2 loss against IF Elfsborg. Four days later on 25 September 2011, he scored his first goal of the season, in a 3–1 win over GAIS to help the club win the league for the first time since 1999.A month later, on 29 October 2011, <mask> scored again in the semi-final of Svenska Cupen, in a 3–1 win over Örebro. In the final of Svenska Cupen, he then set up one of the goals, in a 3–1 win over Kalmar FF to win the Cup for the second time in a row, as well as, becoming the first team in Swedish history to win a treble, consisting of Super Cup, League and Swedish Cup titles. Despite being sidelined with further injuries during the 2011 season, <mask> went on to make a total of twenty–five appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. In the 2012 season, <mask> started the season well when he scored twice in a 2–0 win over AIK in the Svenska Supercupen. Despite suffering from a knee injury in the pre–season tour, <mask>, nevertheless, appeared in the first team despite competing with Daniel Nordmark. After suffering an injury in late–April, he made his return from injury on 2 May 2012, coming on as a substitute, in a 0–0 draw against AIK. Since returning from injury, <mask> regained his first team place, playing in an attacking midfield role.It wasn't until on 12 August 2012 when <mask> scored his first goal of the season, in a 7–2 win over


title: Rachid Bouaouzan

type: original

texts:
 Kalmar FF. He then scored again on 28 October 2012, in a 3–1 win over GAIS. After being absent from the first team for a month, <mask> returned to a match on 6 December 2012, and set up two goals  in a 3–1 win over Twente. At the end of the 2012 season, he went on to make thirty–two appearances and scoring two times in all competitions. Ahead of the 2013 season, <mask> remained at the club despite the transfer speculation occurred earlier this year. However, he found himself on the substitute bench, with David Accam preferred to his position instead. <mask> made his first appearance of the season on 15 April 2013, coming on as a late substitute, in a 2–1 loss against Mjällby AIF.He made another appearance before suffering a hip injury that kept him out for three months. After returning to training in September, <mask> made his return from injury on 25 September 2013, in a 3–0 loss against Malmö FF. By the time of his departure, he made four appearances in all competitions. Despite keen on staying at the club for another season, <mask>, however, was dismissed by the club in October 2013 after another act of indiscipline. Upon learning his release, <mask> said he was keen on playing for another Swedish club. Following this, <mask> went on trial at Sparta Rotterdam, but it was unsuccessful. International career

<mask> joined the Morocco national team in their preparation in October 2006 in Netherlands.Earlier this year, he was called up to the Netherlands U21 but didn't make his debut for the U21 national team. Despite not getting call–up, <mask> said: "So for me, Morocco is my home country. In fact, I think Morocco will go all the way this time and win the championship." Personal

masks: Bouaouzan Bouaouzan Bouaouzan Bouaouzan Bouaouzan Bouaouzan Bouaouzan Bouaouzan Bouaouzan


title: Rachid Bouaouzan

texts:
 life

After his playing time came to an end, <mask> made Netherlands media headlines when he was arrested and detained for drug and money laundering. Career statistics

Honours

Club

Helsingborgs IF

Allsvenskan: 2011
Svenska Cupen: 2010, 2011
Svenska Supercupen: 2011, 2012

References

External links
 Player profile – Wigan Athletic
 Career stats – Voetbal International

1984 births
Living people
Footballers from Rotterdam
Association football wingers
Dutch people of Moroccan descent
Dutch footballers
Moroccan footballers
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
Allsvenskan players
Sparta Rotterdam players
NEC Nijmegen players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Helsingborgs IF players
Dutch expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in


title: Ruth Brown

texts:
<mask> (; January 12, 1928 – November 17, 2006) was an American singer-songwriter and actress, sometimes known as the "Queen of R&B". She was noted for bringing a pop music style to R&B music in a series of hit songs for Atlantic Records in the 1950s, such as "So Long", "Teardrops from My Eyes" and "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean". For these contributions, Atlantic became known as "the house that <mask> built" (alluding to the popular nickname for the old Yankee Stadium). <mask> was a 1993 inductee into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Following a resurgence that began in the mid-1970s and peaked in the 1980s, <mask> used her influence to press for musicians' rights regarding royalties and contracts; these efforts led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation. Her performances in the Broadway musical Black and Blue earned <mask> a Tony Award, and the original cast recording won a Grammy Award. <mask> was a recipient of the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2016.In 2017, <mask> was inducted into National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame. She is also the aunt to legendary hip hop MC Rakim. Early life
Born in Portsmouth, Virginia, <mask> was the eldest of seven siblings. She attended I. C. Norcom High School. <mask>'s father was a dockhand. He also directed the local church choir at Emmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, but the young <mask> showed more interest in singing at USO shows and nightclubs, rebelling against her father. She was inspired by Sarah Vaughan, Billie Holiday, and Dinah Washington.In 1945, aged 17, <mask> ran away from her

masks:
Ruth Alston Brown
Ruth
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Ruth
Brown


title: Ruth Brown

texts:
 home in Portsmouth along with the trumpeter <mask>, whom she soon married, to sing in bars and clubs. She then spent a month with Lucky Millinder's orchestra. Early career

Blanche Calloway, Cab Calloway's sister, also a bandleader, arranged a gig for <mask> at the Crystal Caverns, a nightclub in Washington, D.C., and soon became her manager. Willis Conover, the future Voice of America disc jockey, caught her act with Duke Ellington and recommended her to Atlantic Records bosses Ahmet Ertegun and Herb Abramson. <mask> was unable to audition as planned because of a car crash, which resulted in a nine-month stay in the hospital. She signed with Atlantic Records from her hospital bed. In 1948, Ertegun and Abramson drove from New York City to Washington, D.C., to hear <mask> sing.Her repertoire was mostly popular ballads, but Ertegun convinced her to switch to rhythm and blues. In her first audition, in 1949, she sang "So Long," which became a hit. This was followed by "Teardrops from My Eyes" in 1950. Written by Rudy Toombs, it was the first upbeat major hit for <mask>. Recorded for Atlantic Records in New York City in September 1950 and released in October, it was Billboards R&B number one for 11 weeks. The hit earned her the nickname "Miss Rhythm", and within a few months, she became the acknowledged queen of R&B. She followed up this hit with "I'll Wait for You" (1951), "I Know" (1951), "5-10-15 Hours" (1953), "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean" (1953), "Oh What a Dream" (1954), "Mambo Baby" (1954), and "Don't Deceive Me" (1960), some of which were

masks:
Jimmy Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Ruth Brown

texts:
 credited to <mask> and the Rhythm Makers.Between 1949 and 1955, her records stayed on the R&B chart for a total of 149 weeks; she would go on to score 21 Top 10 hits altogether, including five that landed at number one. <mask> ranked No. 1 on The Billboard 1954 Disk Jockey Poll for Favorite R&B Artists. <mask> played many racially segregated dances in the southern states, where she toured extensively and was immensely popular. She claimed that a writer had once summed up her popularity by saying, "In the South, <mask> is better known than Coca-Cola." <mask> performed at the famed tenth Cavalcade of Jazz concert held at Wrigley Field in Los Angeles, which was produced by Leon Hefflin, Sr. on June 20, 1954. She performed along with The Flairs, Count Basie and his Orchestra, Lamp Lighters, Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five, Christine Kittrell, and Perez Prado and his Orchestra.Her first pop hit came with "Lucky Lips", a song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller and recorded in 1957. The single reached number 6 on the R&B chart and number 25 on the U.S. pop chart. The 1958 follow-up was "This Little Girl's Gone Rockin'", written by Bobby Darin and Mann Curtis. It reached number 7 on the R&B chart and number 24 on the pop chart. She had further hits with "I Don't Know" in 1959 and "Don't Deceive Me" in 1960, which were more successful on the R&B chart than on the pop chart. In 1965 she appeared as a guest on TV Gospel Time. During the 1960s, <mask> faded from public view and lived as a housewife and mother.Later career
She returned to music in 1975 at the

masks:
Ruth Brown
Brown
Brown
Ruth Brown
Brown
Brown


title: Ruth Brown

texts: urging of the comedian Redd Foxx, followed by a series of comedic acting jobs. This launched her career in TV, film, and stage. She had a recurring role during the second season of the sitcom Hello, Larry as the neighbor, Leona Wilson. She starred as Motormouth Maybelle Stubbs, a friendly and strong-willed record promoter and mother of Seaweed and L'il Inez, in the John Waters cult classic film Hairspray. On Broadway, she starred in productions of Amen Corner and Black and Blue. The latter earned her a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1989. The New York Times theater critic Frank Rich wrote, "<mask>, the rhythm-and-blues chanteuse, applies sarcastic varnish and two-a-day burlesque timing to the ribald Andy Razaf lyrics of 'If I Can't Sell It, I'll Keep Sittin' on It.'"<mask>'s fight for musicians' rights and royalties in 1987 led to the founding of the Rhythm and Blues Foundation in 1988. She was one of the first recipients of the Pioneer Award in 1989. In 1989, she released an album, "Blues and Broadway," which won a Grammy for best jazz vocal performance, female. She was inducted into the Oklahoma Jazz Hall of Fame in 1992 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1993. <mask> recorded and sang with the rhythm-and-blues singer <mask>. She also toured with Bonnie Raitt in the late 1990s. Her 1995 autobiography, Miss Rhythm, won the Gleason Award for music journalism.She also appeared on Bonnie Raitt's 1995 live DVD Road Tested, singing "Never Make Your Move Too Soon". She was nominated for another Grammy in the Traditional Blues category for her 1997

masks:
Ruth Brown
Brown
Brown
Charles Brown


title: Ruth Brown

texts:
 album, R + B = <mask>. In the 2000 television miniseries Little Richard, she was portrayed by singer Tressa Thomas. She hosted the radio program Blues Stage, carried by more than 200 NPR affiliates, for six years, starting in 1989. <mask> was still touring at the age of 78. She had completed preproduction work on the Danny Glover film, Honeydripper, which she did not live to finish. Still, her recording of "Things About Comin' My Way" was released posthumously on the soundtrack CD.Her last interview was in August 2006. <mask> died in a Las Vegas–area hospital on November 17, 2006, from complications following a heart attack and stroke she suffered after surgery in the previous month. She was 78 years old. A memorial concert for her was held on January 22, 2007, at the Abyssinian Baptist Church in Harlem, New York. <mask> is buried at Roosevelt Memorial Park, Chesapeake City, Virginia. KUT Radio, American Archive of Public Broadcasting (WGBH and the Library of Congress)

1928 births
2006 deaths
African-American actresses
20th-century African-American women singers
American blues singer-songwriters
American rhythm and blues singers
Tony Award winners
Singer-songwriters from Virginia
Musicians from Portsmouth, Virginia
Atlantic Records artists
Cobblestone Records artists
Skye Records artists
Jump blues musicians
Actresses from Virginia
20th-century American actresses
20th-century American singers
Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners
20th-century American women singers
African-American songwriters
21st-century African-American people
21st-century

masks:
Ruth Brown
Brown
Death Brown
Brown


title: Louis Emmanuel Rey

texts:
<mask> (born 22 September 1768, Grenoble – died 18 June 1846, Paris) was a French soldier. He joined the French royal army and won rapid promotion to general officer during the French Revolutionary Wars. He continued to serve the First French Empire during the Napoleonic Wars. He fought in the Peninsular War and led a tenacious defense of San Sebastián, Spain in 1813. His is one of the names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe. Early career

In 1784 at the age of 16, <mask> joined the French royal army's Regiment de Monsieur, which became the 75th Line Infantry Regiment in 1791. Promoted to sergeant-major in 1791, he earned a lieutenant's commission in 1792.From that year, he served four years in the Army of the Alps with distinction and won promotion to general of brigade in 1796. For a time, he commanded a camp at Lyon that reorganized units passing from the Vendée to the Army of Italy. Empire

When the Grande Armée left the shores of the English Channel to fight in the War of the Third Coalition, <mask> was given command of the Camp de Boulogne from 1805 to 1808. In the latter year he was named a Baron of the Empire. He served as chief of staff in Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr's VII Corps in Catalonia beginning in August 1808. It is likely that he commanded a brigade at the Battle of Ocaña in November 1809. One source stated that <mask> led 3,500 men in six battalions.It is probable that his brigade included three battalions each of the 12th Light and 43rd Line Infantry Regiments. At the Battle of Baza on 4 November 1810, he led a brigade from Horace Sebastiani de la Porta's 1st Division of the IV Corps consisting of one battalion of the 32nd Line Infantry Regiment and three battalions of the 58th Line. He fought at the Siege of

masks:
Louis Emmanuel Rey
Rey
Rey
Rey


title: Louis Emmanuel Rey

texts: Tarragona in 1811. Historian David G. Chandler noted that <mask> was appointed governor of the fortress of San Sebastián in August 1811. Another source asserted that <mask> was defeated by Francisco Ballesteros at Alhaurín el Grande on 14 April 1812. On this occasion he led a force of 3,000 men made up of three squadrons of the 21st Dragoon Regiment, two artillery pieces, and three battalions divided between the 43rd and 58th Line Infantry Regiments. French losses numbered 200 and included both guns.From 5 July to 9 September 1813 <mask> conducted an extremely able defense of San Sebastián. In relating the story of the siege, Historian David Gates called <mask>, "a commander of the first order." The army of the Marquess of Wellington shipped 40 heavy siege cannon and large quantities of supplies to the nearby port of Pasajes in early July. Wellington assigned Thomas Graham, 1st Baron Lynedoch the British 5th Division and a Portuguese brigade to undertake the siege operation. An attempt to rush an outlying defense, the San Bartholomé Monastery, failed on 15 July. A heavier bombardment and attack pried the French defenders from the monastery two days later, but the Allied infantry gave chase and were bloodily repulsed with 200 casualties at the main defenses. The Anglo-Portuguese siege guns went to work and opened a small breach on the east side.Meanwhile, the British engineers discovered an old sewer which they utilized to place a mine under the southern defenses. <mask> sealed off the breach with internal defenses, manned the nearby buildings with marksmen, and zeroed in his artillery on the threatened area. At dawn on 25 July, Graham's attack went forward. The mine exploded, doing some damage, but the French easily drove off the

masks: Rey Rey Rey Rey Rey


title: Louis Emmanuel Rey

texts: southern Allied attack, which was only a diversion. Led by the Royal Scots, the main column splashed across the Rio Urumea estuary at low tide and assaulted the breach from the east. After the attackers reached the top of the breach, the French opened fire and the result was a massacre. The stunned British infantry stampeded, carrying away their supporting battalions.The attackers suffered a loss of 600 killed and wounded, while French casualties were only one-tenth as great. When the incoming tide threatened to drown the many British wounded, <mask> generously allowed his soldiers to leave their defenses and rescue them. The onset of the Battle of the Pyrenees that day caused Wellington to order Graham to abandon the siege. As the Allies withdrew their siege guns, <mask> launched a surprise sortie that inflicted 200 more casualties and seized some equipment. Shaken by their setbacks, Allied morale dropped and desertion became a problem. During the interlude, <mask> repaired his southern defenses and thoroughly sealed off the breach with a new wall. He also shipped in fresh troops and supplies through the leaky British naval blockade and sent his sick and wounded soldiers back to France.<mask> awaited a return of the Allies with 3,000 infantry and 60 cannon. After defeating the French in the Pyrenees, Graham rearmed his siege batteries, which now numbered 63 heavy guns. On 26 August the bombardment began again and lasted for five days. The Allied artillery knocked out gun after gun and inflicted serious losses among the defenders. The bombardment blasted a 300-yard wide gap in the wall at the southeast corner of the city, plus a second breach farther north. Faced with the loss of most of his cannon, <mask> armed each of his 2,500


title: Louis Emmanuel Rey

texts: surviving soldiers with three muskets and grenades. Several defensive mines were placed and rubble cleared from the breaches.The final assault began at 10:55 am on 31 August when James Leith's 5th Division rushed the main breach from the south while Thomas Bradford's Portuguese brigade stormed the smaller one from the east. After running the gauntlet of mines and small-arms fire, both columns reached the tops of their respective breaches and came under murderous fire. After enduring the one-sided slaughter for nearly 30 minutes, both columns retreated to the base of the wall where the troops hugged the ground to escape the intense fire. In this emergency, Graham ordered his siege guns to fire over the heads of the surviving attackers. This expedient saved the day for the Allies, as the fire ripped apart the inner defenses, inflicting heavy losses on the French. As some of the 5th Division managed to make progress, an accident set off a store of bombs, killing 60 Frenchmen and injuring many more. Leith's men pushed along the walls toward the lesser breach where they assisted the Portuguese in breaking through.Still undefeated, <mask> led his men in a house-to-house battle that finally ended when he and his remaining 1,300 troops took refuge in the La Mota Castle. Meanwhile, the Allied troops went berserk and sacked the city for three days in which the place was virtually destroyed. Ensconced in his hilltop castle, <mask> held out against a 60-gun bombardment until 8 September when he finally ran up the white flag. Before being forced to surrender the survivors of his garrison, his soldiers inflicted over 5,000 casualties on their enemies, including Leith who was wounded. As a reward for his meritorious services, Emperor Napoleon I

masks: Rey Rey


title: Louis Emmanuel Rey

texts:
 of France promoted <mask> to general of division in November 1813 even though he was a prisoner of war. Historians differ when describing <mask>'s 1814 service. David G. Chandler writes that he remained in British custody until May 1814.Digby Smith places a General <mask> in command of a brigade in Eloi Charlemagne Taupin's division at the battles of Orthez and Toulouse in early 1814. During the Hundred Days <mask> rallied to Napoleon and was given command of the fortress of Valenciennes. He sustained a siege by 9,000 Dutch-Belgian troops from 30 June until surrendering on 12 August. After the restoration of the monarchy, he fell out of favor until 1830, when he received a three-year appointment to a royal commission. His military service is honored on Column 37 of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, with the inscription EEL REY. Notes

References
 Chandler, David G. Dictionary of the Napoleonic Wars. New York: Macmillan, 1979.Gates, David. The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War. London: Pimlico, 2002. Glover, Michael. The Peninsular War 1807-1814. London: Penguin, 2001. Mullié, Charles.Biographie des célébrités militaires des armées de terre et de mer de 1789 a 1850. 1852. Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998. Zimmermann, Dick. "The Battle of Ocana."Wargamer's Digest magazine. v. 6, no. 1, Nov. 1979. External sources
 The Names of 660 persons inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe

1768 births
1846 deaths
People from Grenoble
French generals
Military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars
French Republican military leaders of the French Revolutionary Wars
French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
Names inscribed under the Arc de

masks: Rey Rey Rey Rey


title: Tim Schafer

texts:
<mask> (born July 26, 1967) is an American video game designer. He founded Double Fine Productions in July 2000, after having spent over a decade at LucasArts. <mask> is best known as the designer of critically acclaimed games Full Throttle, Grim Fandango, Psychonauts, Brütal Legend and Broken Age, co-designer of Day of the Tentacle, and assistant designer on The Secret of Monkey Island and Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge. He is well known in the video game industry for his storytelling and comedic writing style, and has been given both a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Game Developers Choice Awards, and a BAFTA Fellowship for his contributions to the industry. Career

College and LucasArts (1989–2000)
While studying computer science at UC Berkeley, Schafer became interested in writing, and took inspiration from Kurt Vonnegut, who while a publicist at General Electric wrote short stories in the evenings. Schafer opted for a similar course, interning to help develop databases for small companies while trying to position himself for an opening in a larger corporation such as Atari and Hewlett-Packard, but he was rejected by these. He saw an offering at Lucasfilm Games, looking for programmers who could also write game dialog, which piqued his interest.During his application process for the job, he had a somewhat disastrous phone interview with David Fox in which he mentioned being a fan of Ballblaster. Fox informed him that the Lucasfilm Games title was Ballblazer, and that only the pirated version was known as Ballblaster, but despite the misstep, Fox asked <mask> to submit his resume for further consideration.<ref name="Rogue Leaders pg. 54">Rogue Leaders: The Story of LucasArts pg. 54</ref> To make up for the phone interview, <mask> sent in a comic of himself applying for and getting the job at Lucasfilm Games, drawn as a text adventure. <mask> was hired by LucasArts in 1989, and his first position was as a "scummlet", a

masks:
Timothy John Schafer
Schafer
Schafer
Schafer
Schafer


title: Tim Schafer

texts:
 programmer who helped to implement features and ideas proposed by the lead game developers within the LucasArts SCUMM engine. He, alongside Dave Grossman, helped to playtest Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Action Game and implement the NES version of Maniac Mansion. <mask> and Grossman, along with two others, were taught by Ron Gilbert as part of a "SCUMM University" on how to use the engine to set up rooms and puzzles.Later, Gilbert approached <mask> and Grossman, offering them the chance to work on his new project, which would ultimately become the pirate-themed adventure game The Secret of Monkey Island. According to series creator Gilbert, <mask> and Grossman were responsible for about two thirds of the game's dialogue. The Secret of Monkey Island became one of the most acclaimed games of its kind. The same team created the sequel, Monkey Island 2: LeChuck's Revenge. In his first lead role on a game project, <mask> co-designed (with Dave Grossman) Day of the Tentacle, a time-travel comedy adventure and the sequel to Ron Gilbert's Maniac Mansion. <mask>'s first solo project, the biker adventure Full Throttle, was released in 1995. He went on to design the highly acclaimed Grim Fandango, a noir adventure game set in the Aztec afterlife featuring characters similar to the papier-mâché skeleton decorations from the Mexican holiday Dia De Los Muertos.Grim Fandango won many awards, including GameSpot's Game of the Year award of 1998. Double Fine Productions (2000–present)

<mask> worked on an unannounced PlayStation 2 action-adventure game at LucasArts, but it never entered production. Prior to his departure, a number of other developers were leaving LucasArts as the studio shifted away from adventure games. <mask> was approached by his colleagues with the idea of leaving the company to develop PlayStation 2 games on their own; <mask> was initially wary of this believing he felt secure in his position at LucasArts. He left

masks: Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer


title: Tim Schafer

texts: the company in January 2000, to found Double Fine Productions, where he created the platform game Psychonauts. The game was first released on Xbox in North America on April 19, 2005. While the game was met with critical acclaim, including a Game of the Year award from Eurogamer, it sold poorly at its initial release and led to financial troubles for its publisher Majesco Entertainment.Double Fine reacquired full rights to Psychonauts by 2012, allowing them to release the game with improvements for modern systems, and in that year, <mask> stated that "We made more on Psychonauts [in 2012] than we ever have before." On March 7, 2007, he hosted the annual Game Developers Choice Awards. He later hosted it again in 2009. To coincide, Double Fine released a free Flash minigame entitled Host Master and the Conquest of Humor, a pastiche of <mask>'s LucasArts games in which the player takes on the role of <mask> backstage at the GDC Awards. <mask> led the development of Double Fine's next game, Brütal Legend, released on October 13, 2009, after a tortuous development route due to having its original publisher Vivendi Games drop the title following its merge with Activision in 2008 to be picked up later by Electronic Arts. The game was <mask>'s tribute to the music and art of heavy metal and featured voice acting from actor/musician Jack Black and cameos from rock musicians including Lemmy Kilmister, Rob Halford, Ozzy Osbourne and Lita Ford. <mask> said "For Brütal Legend, I've always seen this overlap between medieval warfare and heavy metal.You see heavy metal singers and they'll have like a brace around their arm and they'll be singing about Orcs. So let's just make a world where that all happens. That all gets put together, the heavy metal, and the rock, and the battling, actually does happen. Let's not flirt around with this; let's just do it." During Brütal Legend development, Schafer had Double Fine's staff take two weeks away from

masks: Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer


title: Tim Schafer

texts: the game's development to participate in Amnesia Fortnights once a year starting in 2007. This was an internal game jam where the company was split into four teams to make a pitchable game prototype, an idea he compared to what film director Wong Kar-Wai had used previously. After Brütal Legend release, the game had generally positive reviews but did not perform as well as expected, and Electronic Arts cancelled the preliminary work Double Fine had started on the sequel.To keep Double Fine above water financially, <mask> went back to the past Amnesia Fortnight projects and selected games they could reasonably expand into full releases. From these, four smaller games were picked up by publishers, and were the first games in Double Fine's history to have project leaders other than Schafer: Costume Quest, Stacking, Iron Brigade and Once upon a Monster. The titles helped to keep Double Fine financially stable, and Schafer has continued to implement the Amnesia Fortnight as a yearly process; most of the games that result from these are led by someone other than <mask>. On February 1, 2012, Schafer returned to the role of director in the Kinect-based Double Fine Happy Action Theater, a game concept he devised based on Once Upon a Monster to be able to play a game with his two-year-old daughter that she would be able to enjoy as well. In February 2012, Schafer launched a crowdfunded project for an unnamed adventure game via the crowd-sourced Kickstarter, using the placeholder title "Double Fine Adventure"; Schafer stated that he had found publishers extremely wary of an adventure in the current video game industry, and decided to turn to crowdfunding to seek player interest. The game and accompanying documentary were projected to cost . Contributions exceeded that amount by more than three times in less than 24 hours, making it the first Kickstarter project to reach a $2 million figure, and the second most successful project on the

masks: Schafer Schafer


title: Tim Schafer

texts: website at the time.When the project ended on March 13, funding reached a level of $3,336,371 in Kickstarter with an additional $110,000 from premium pledges. Ultimately, the project culminated in Broken Age, released in two acts over 2014 and 2015. <mask> and Double Fine had been able to negotiate with The Walt Disney Company, who acquired Lucasfilm in 2012, to obtain the rights to three of the titles that <mask> had directed there: Day of the Tentacle, Full Throttle, and Grim Fandango, by 2014. Double Fine subsequently released remastered versions of all three games over the following years. <mask> stood in support of Anita Sarkeesian and other game developers that were being harassed by online supporters of the Gamergate controversy that started in August 2014. Schafer had hosted the 2015 Game Developer’s Choice Awards on March 5; during the event one of his jokes referenced the #NotYourShield tag that came out of the Gamergate controversy; while Gamergate supporters claimed #NotYourShield was used to demonstrate women and minorities supported their cause in the controversy, <mask>'s remarks implied that the tag's use was largely composed of sockpuppets (mirroring the larger media's assessment). Following the event, Gamergate supporters targeted <mask> with criticism, claiming he had been making a joke that mocked minorities.Gamergate supporters also criticized <mask> claiming he had mishandled the funds of the Broken Age Kickstarter, following <mask>'s decision to expand the scope of the game and seek more funding for that larger scope by offering the game's first half on early access. Since then, these coupled incidents have caused <mask> to continue to be a target of ridicule from some GamerGate supporters. Schafer joined with other industry leaders with crowdfunding experience to help create the crowdfunding platform Fig in August 2015. <mask> currently sits on its advisory board to help curate which projects will be

masks: Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer Schafer


title: Tim Schafer

texts:
 supported, and said that all future Double Fine projects will use Fig for funding. Through Fig, <mask> announced the sequel Psychonauts 2 in December 2015, and was due for release on August 25, 2021. In June 2019, Microsoft announced that it had acquired Double Fine as part of Xbox Game Studios. <mask> stated that while he had not been looking to be acquired, he found the opportunity in his talks with Microsoft to be promising; the acquisition would not affect Double Fine's independence and would still allow the company to publish its pending titles on its own choice of platforms, and would provide the financial security needed for Double Fine to be able to concentrate on developing a quality product.Influences and philosophy
In an interview at the Game Developers Conference in 2003, <mask> stated that he strives for integrating story into the gameplay, setting a creative goal of someday creating a video game without any cutscenes at all. Furthermore, he said he often sets a story in an established world:

"[O]ften, the world is the initial inspiration for the game. One day I was listening to someone tell me their stories of spending the summer in Alaska. They had hung around this one biker bar, with these people with names like Smilin' Rick and Big Phil. And I thought, 'Wow, what a crazy world that is.' It's so apart from everybody's life, and yet it's right there, it's so mundane in a way. And that's where Full Throttle came from."Recognition
The press first previewed Psychonauts at the E3 trade show in 2002, where it won the Game Critics Award for Best Original Game. An hour-long episode of Icons on the G4 Network documented the last week of the production of Psychonauts and explored <mask>'s career. At the 2006 Game Developers Choice Awards, <mask> and Erik Wolpaw won the award for Best Writing for Psychonauts. <mask> and Double Fine Executive Producer & COO Caroline Esmurdoc also won the award for Best New Studio. In October


title: Tim Schafer

texts:
 2006, Schafer received a BAFTA video game Best Screenplay award for Psychonauts. In 2012, the Australian Centre for the Moving Image (ACMI) organized the "Game Masters" exhibition, where Schafer was featured as the creator of Grim Fandango'', among a few other visionary designers, credited for having "pushed the boundaries of game design and storytelling, introducing new genres, creating our best-loved characters and revolutionising the way we understand and play games" In 2015, he won the Vanguard Award at Bilbao's Fun & Serious Game Festival. Schafer received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Game Developers Choice Awards in March 2018.He received a BAFTA Fellowship as "a true pioneer of game design, who has pushed the boundaries of the medium through his extraordinary talents" at the British Academy Games Awards in April 2018. Games

References

External links

 Double Fine Productions Schafer's game development studio
 What does the game industry have against innovation? (a news feature centered on Psychonauts, with comments from Schafer)
 "<mask> on Taking Risks" (D.I.C.E. Summit 2005)
 "<mask> on Memorable Character Design" (GDC 2004, audio recording)
 <mask> on the Monkey Island Wiki
 Trip to Double Fine from The International House of Mojo
 Return to Double Fine from The International House of Mojo
 Millennium Gaming: 20 Gaming Visionaries Usher In The Next Millennium of Gaming at GameSpot (1999)
 A Conversation with <mask>fer by Celia Pearce at GameStudies (2003)
 Rebel With a Cause: Traveling through the mind of <mask> at 1UP.com (2006)
 <mask>'s KickStarter Project Interview at DICE (2012)

1967 births
Living people
American video game designers
American video game directors
American video game programmers
BAFTA fellows
Microsoft employees
People from Sonoma, California
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Video game writers
Double Fine people
Game Developers Conference Lifetime Achievement Award

masks:
Tim Schafer
Tim Schafer
Tim Schafer
Tim Scha
Tim Schafer
Tim Schafer


title: Bai Kamara

texts:
<mask>. (born December 2, 1966) is a singer-songwriter, producer, performer and activist based in Brussels, Belgium. <mask> was born in Bo Town, Sierra Leone, and spent his childhood years there. His father was a politician and his mother was one of Sierra Leone's longest serving ambassadors. His exposure to the harsh realities of African politics at a young age has led to the themes of corruption, abuse of power, and social justice being prevalent in much of his music today. At the age of 15, <mask> moved to England to continue his schooling, living in Bath and Manchester, where he started to write his first songs. In 1990 he moved to Brussels and decided to pursue a career in music rather than continue with his business studies. <mask>'s first band in Brussels, 'Odex Protocol’ was a multi-national band with members from Africa, Belgium, Albania, England and America.Odex fused soul, jazz, rock & afro, and released one EP ‘Lay your Body Down’ in 1994, and a full-length album ‘Delivery Day’ in 1996. Solo career

<mask> released his first solo album, ‘Living Room/Intrinsic Equilibrium’, in 2001. The album was recorded over several weeks living in a friend's house and recording in the living room. Songs such as “Go on Press” and “The Powers That Govern Us” showed a cutting social awareness, while the anthemic “Downtown St. Josse” (penned about the neighbourhood of Brussels <mask> was living in) brought widespread media exposure in Belgium, and remains a favourite of fans today. In 2005 <mask> released ‘Urban Gypsy’, an album that added a more rounded soul and funk side in comparison with the stripped acoustic feel of ‘Living Room’. Leading off with “Substitute” and “Urban Gypsy”, perhaps <mask>'s most famous songs, the album also brought together the musicians that would form the core of his band for the next decade. Guitarist Eric Moens, who had worked with <mask> since the days of Odex Protocol, was joined by Thierry Rombaux on Bass.In

masks:
Morlai Bai Kamara Jr
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai


title: Bai Kamara

texts: 2010, having taken some time out of solo recording to work with the bands 15:15 and Via Con Dios (see below),<mask> released ‘Disposable Society’. His most political work yet, the Latin-tinged album directly addressed the plight of the poor of the world, and the rest of the world's unwillingness to do much other than acquire possessions. “Refugee”, the lead single, attempts to give personhood to the asylum seeker who is rendered faceless by politics and the media, while “Making Beggars into Thieves” and attacks those who criminalise poverty. “Your Pressure”, which takes aim at the hypocrisy of the west making aid conditional while exploiting the resources and people of developing countries. The album closes with some optimism with “Better Days to Come” and “Rise”, homages to <mask>'s native Africa's ability to revive itself. Having toured extensively for Disposable Society, 2012's ‘This is Home’ was a return to the more sensitive acoustic <mask> that many fans hold great affection for. The album puts songwriting front and centre, with bare acoustic arrangements, many recorded in one or two takes.The album also showed <mask> exploring his unusual guitar technique, which combines plectrum-less strumming and picking, and moving baselines with unusual chord constructions such as diminished and major seventh chords that are rarely seen in rock and folk settings. “The songs For the Promise of Gold”, “My Love is Here” and “Your Love Means the World to me” have become firm live favourites both solo and with <mask>'s band. <mask>'s 5th solo album is currently awaiting release, but on it he has once again expanded his recorded sound by utilising his 11-touring band, loosely dubbed as The Rare Earthlings and the Mystical Survivors. The band incorporates a horn section, percussion and backing vocals to give a blend of classic and modern funk and Rhythm and Blues. He is also rumoured to be working on an album of African Blues. Other projects and

masks: Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai


title: Bai Kamara

texts:
 collaborations

In the late ‘90s, <mask> worked with Youssou N’Dour and the Refugee Voices, for a UNHCR (UN Refugee Agency) project entitled Building Bridges, and released in 1998. In 2006 <mask> formed the group 15:15 with Nader Hamid, an electric guitar player and singer-songwriter originally from Iraq.15:15 took <mask> in a more rock-orientated direction, with Hamid’s explosive guitar playing bringing a tougher edge to the sound. 15:15 released the album ‘Stoned Love’ in 2007. <mask> and Nader remain very close friends, and have plans to collaborate again in the future. In 2007 <mask> worked and toured with Vaya con Dios, who they covered one of his most well-known songs, Substitute. It 2013, Aramak Iab, the band <mask> formed with guitarist Manu Ribot, bassist Thierry Rombaux, and drummer Didier Fontaine released their debut album ‘Something Strong For The Road (Live)’. The album captures the rock/blues outfit and shows a more classic rock side of <mask>'s composition and performance, enhanced by the atmospheric and sometimes fiery playing of Ribot. <mask> is also a member Valve, an acoustic band that comes together for occasional gigs, particularly at the legendary Archiduc cafe in Brussels.It is built around the musicians ; Joe Higham (saxes), Thierry Rombaux (bass), Eric Moens (gtrs), and Joachim Saerens (keyboards). Joe Higham and Eric Moens are two of <mask>'s longest-serving collaborators, having worked with him since the days of Odex Protocol (see above)

Live

In addition to playing hundreds of solo concerts, <mask> has also played many festivals with his band. These include Couleur Cafe, Francofolies, Esperanzah.. In 2007 <mask> toured with Vaya Con Dios, often dueting with singer Dani Klien on <mask>'s compositions. In 2008 <mask> contributed 2 songs to the soundtrack of Spanish film director Paco Torres's “Magic of Hope” in which he also made a cameo appearance and is now working on the theme song of his next film. In

masks: Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai Bai


title: Bai Kamara

texts:
 2013 and 2014 <mask> supported Vanessa Paradis on her European and French Love album tour

In 2015, <mask> put together an 11-piece soul band to record with, and they have also played concerts across Northern Europe

Advocacy work

<mask> has had a close relationship with UNHCR, working on their Building Bridges project that was released in 1998. In December 2007 he returned to Sierra Leone with a UN film crew for their documentary on Sierra Leone 10 years after the war.<mask> is an active member of Amnesty International, and regularly performs for charity events organized by them and other aid organizations. During the ebola crisis in Sierra Leone in 2014 did several benefit concerts in Brussels in collaboration with Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and EMERGENCY. In late 2015 After seeing the horrific images of refugees and their families drowning on the beaches of Turkey and on the Mediterranean coast <mask> assembled a team of top Belgian artists to record his song “If I could Walk On Water” to raise funds for MSF Belgium's Refugee support work. They included vocalists Daan, Guy Swinnen (The Scabs) Marie Daulne (Zap Mama), Stéphanie Blanchoud and Beverly Jo Scott. Manou Gallo played bass on the track, and it also included Nina Babet, Kiù Jérôme, Daddy Waku and Marie-Ange Tchaï Teuwen (all backing vocals), Jon Bradshaw (The Benzine Project) on percussion, and Eric Moens (guitars). Discography
 1996 Lay Your Body EP (Odex Protocol)
 1998 Delivery Day (Odex Protocol)
 2001 Living Room/Intrinsic Equilibrium (Bai Kamara Jr.)
 2005 Urban Gipsy (Bai Kamara Jr.)
 2007 Stoned Love Vol. 1 (15:15)
 2010 Disposable Society
 2012 This Is Home
 2017 <mask> Jr Presents The Mystical Survivors and Some Rare Earthlings Vol 1
 2020 Salone (<mask> Jr.)

References

External links
 <mask> Jr. Official Site
 <mask> Jr. Myspace
 15:15 Myspace

1966 births
Sierra Leonean emigrants to Belgium
Sierra Leonean male singers
People from Bo, Sierra Leone
Living

masks:
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai
Bai kamara
Bai Kamara
Bai Kamara
Bai Kamara


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
<mask> (born July 5, 1951) is an American attorney and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Mississippi, in office since 2007. A member of the Republican Party, <mask> previously served as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the Mississippi State Senate. Born in Pontotoc, Mississippi, <mask> is a graduate of the University of Mississippi and the University of Mississippi School of Law. He was an officer in the United States Air Force from 1976 to 1980 and a member of the United States Air Force Reserves from 1980 to 2003. During the 1980s, he worked as a political counselor to then-Congressman Trent Lott on the House Rules Committee. In 1987, <mask> was elected to the Mississippi State Senate, representing the 6th district, which included Tupelo. <mask> was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1994, succeeding longtime Representative Jamie Whitten.<mask> served in the House from 1995 to 2007, when he was appointed to the Senate by Governor Haley Barbour to fill the seat vacated by Lott. <mask> subsequently won a special election for the remainder of the term in 2008 and was reelected to a full term in 2012. <mask> served as chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee from 2015 to 2017 and is a deputy Republican whip. He was reelected in 2018, defeating Democratic nominee David Baria. Early life and education
<mask> was born on July 5, 1951, in Pontotoc, Mississippi, the son of Wordna Glen (née Threadgill) and Thomas Frederick <mask>. In 1967, the 16-year-old <mask> worked as a United States House of Representatives Page for Democratic Representative Jamie L. Whitten of .

masks:
Roger Frederick Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
 He earned a bachelor's degree in journalism and political science and a J.D.degree from the University of Mississippi, where he was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity and student body president. He was inducted into Omicron Delta Kappa for his student leadership and academic merit while at the University of Mississippi. After graduation, <mask> served as an officer in the United States Air Force from 1976 to 1980. Starting in 1980, he was a member of the Air Force Reserve; he retired from the reserve in 2003 as a lieutenant colonel. <mask> served as a judge advocate. Early political career

<mask> began his political career in 1980 as House Rules Committee counsel to U.S. Representative Trent Lott. He was elected to the Mississippi State Senate in 1987, spending $25,000 on the race.He represented the 6th district, which included Tupelo, from 1988 to 1994. U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
In 1994, Whitten declined to seek reelection; he had represented the 1st District for 53 years, longer than any other congressman at the time. <mask> ran to succeed him, spending $750,000 on his campaign. He finished first in a crowded six-way Republican primary with 7,156 votes (26.62%) and proceeded to a runoff with attorney Grant Fox, who received 5,208 votes (19.37%). Former U.S. Attorney Bob Whitwell finished 600 votes short of the runoff with 4,606 votes (17.14%), 1992 nominee Clyde E. Whitaker came fourth with 4,602 votes (17.12%), 1986 nominee Larry Cobb came fifth with 4,162 votes (15.48%) and 1990 nominee Bill Bowlin took the remaining 1,147 votes (4.27%). In the runoff, <mask> defeated Fox, 11,905 votes (53.07%) to 10,527 (46.93%).

masks: Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
 In the general election, <mask> defeated Fulton attorney Bill Wheeler, 80,553 votes (63.06%) to 47,192 (36.94%), making him the first Republican to represent the 1st district in over a century.This was not considered an upset, as the 1st has always been a rather conservative district (especially in the Memphis suburbs). The district had only supported the Democratic nominee for president once since 1956, when Jimmy Carter carried the district in 1976. Although Whitten had a nearly unbreakable hold on the district, it had been considered very likely that he would be succeeded by a Republican once he retired. <mask> was reelected six times without serious difficulty, never receiving less than 65% of the vote. In 2004, he was unopposed by a Democratic candidate, facing only Reform Party nominee Barbara Dale Washer, whom he defeated by 219,328 votes (79.01%) to 58,256 (20.99%). Tenure
Assuming office in 1995, <mask> was president of the freshman class, which included 53 other new Republican representatives, elected as part of the 1994 "Republican Revolution". <mask> was a member of the House Appropriations Committee.He was also deputy Republican whip. In Congress, <mask> worked on issues related to medical research and on economic development for his home state. He advocated private-public partnerships to bring investment to rural areas. <mask> also worked for veterans' issues while serving as a member of the Military Construction and Veterans Affairs Subcommittee. In his final year as representative, <mask> topped the list in earmarks. In 2007, <mask> was criticized after securing a $6 million earmark for a defense company whose

masks: Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
 executives had made significant contributions to his campaign. U.S. Senate

Committee assignments, 117th Congress
 Senate Committee on Armed Services
 Subcommittee on Airland
 Subcommittee on Personnel
 Subcommittee on Seapower
 Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation
 Subcommittee on Aviation Operations, Safety, and Security
 Subcommittee on Communications, Technology, and the Internet (Chair)
 Subcommittee on Oceans, Atmosphere, Fisheries, and Coast Guard
 Subcommittee on Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine Infrastructure, Safety and Security
 Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works
 Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety
 Subcommittee on Green Jobs and the New Economy
 Subcommittee on Superfund, Toxics and Environmental Health
 Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure
 United States Senate Committee on Rules and Administration
 Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Caucus memberships
 Congressional Human Rights Caucus
 Congressional Immigration Reform Caucus
 International Conservation Caucus
 Interstate 69 Caucus (Co-Chair)
 Sportsmen's Caucus
 Tennessee Valley Authority Congressional Caucus

Appointment
On November 26, 2007, Senator Trent Lott announced that he would resign before the end of the year to become a lobbyist.At a press conference on December 31, 2007, Mississippi Governor Haley Barbour appointed <mask> to fill the Senate seat Lott vacated on December 18, 2007. He was sworn in by the Senate clerk just before that news conference. Elections
2008

<mask> ran for the remainder of Lott's term in the November 2008 special election against Democrat Ronnie Musgrove,

masks: Wicker Wicker


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
 Barbour's predecessor as governor. <mask> defeated Musgrove, 683,409 votes (54.96%) to 560,064 (45.04%). <mask>'s resignation from the House also triggered a May 13, 2008, special election to fill the vacancy in the House, which was won by Democratic nominee Travis Childers. 2012

<mask> ran for reelection to a full term in 2012. He was opposed by Robert Maloney and Tea Party activist E. Allen Hathcock in the Republican primary, defeating them by 254,936 votes (89.17%) to 18,857 (6.60%) and 12,106 (4.23%), respectively.In the general election, he defeated Albert Gore, the Chairman of the Oktibbeha County Democratic Party and a distant relative of former Vice President Al Gore, 709,626 votes (57.16%) to 503,467 (40.55%). Tenure

On September 16, 2010, President Barack Obama announced his intent to nominate <mask> as representative of the United States to the Sixty-fifth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations. In the Senate, <mask> is a member of the Senate Republicans' whip team and has repeatedly introduced a bill to overturn Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court decision ruling abortion bans unconstitutional. <mask> called the Affordable Care Act the "great fight for the rest of this term, maybe our lifetimes" and later introduced a bill to enable state officials to challenge the law. In the interest of protecting gun owners, he amended a fiscal 2010 transportation spending bill to allow Amtrak passengers to carry firearms and ammunition in checked baggage. <mask> and Representative Gene Taylor pushed amendments allowing purchasers of federal flood insurance to add wind coverage to their policies, helpful to a hurricane-prone

masks: Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker


title: Roger Wicker

texts: state. As a member of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Commission) monitoring human rights and other issues, in late 2012 <mask> worked with Senator Ben Cardin to enact a bill imposing penalties on Russians accused of violating human rights.The measure led Russian President Vladimir Putin to announce a subsequent ban on U.S. adoptions of Russian-born children. <mask> was one of three politicians targeted during the April 2013 ricin letters bioterrorism attack. On April 16, 2013, a letter addressed to <mask> tested positive for the poison ricin as part of a series of letters. The letter was detected by postal officials and law enforcement and prevented from reaching the Capitol. The letter was tested three times, with each test confirming the presence of ricin. In July 2013, <mask> proposed that the Senate meet to discuss a controversial change to filibuster rules. The Senate held the private meeting in the Old Senate chamber to discuss Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid's threat of the so-called "nuclear option", which would change the rules for Senate votes on Obama's executive branch nominees.<mask> said he hoped the chamber's bipartisan past could serve as an inspiration for the debate about the nuclear option: "I think there are concessions that can be made on both sides. And then I would just hope that, institutionally, we can get away from this mindset." <mask> supported the Bipartisan Sportsmen's Act of 2014 (S. 2363; 113th Congress), a bill related to hunting, fishing, and outdoor recreation, aimed at improving "the public's ability to enjoy the outdoors." He said, "Mississippians know the

masks: Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker


title: Roger Wicker

texts: importance of efforts to preserve our natural resources for future generations." <mask> was elected chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee for the 114th U.S. Congress on November 13, 2014. Weeks after the 2014 Hong Kong class boycott campaign and Umbrella Movement broke out, demanding genuine universal suffrage among other goals, <mask> joined Senator Sherrod Brown and Representative Chris Smith's effort to introduce the Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act, which would update the United States–Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 and U.S. commitment to Hong Kong's freedom and democracy. "U.S. should stand steadfast with the people of Hong Kong in their fight to exercise self-determination," <mask> said, and "speak with a unified American voice in support of universal freedom and democratic values.The Congress and the Obama Administration should act to ensure China honors its longstanding obligation under international law to maintain Hong Kong's autonomy." In March 2017, <mask> co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (s. 720), which made it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the West Bank if protesting actions by the Israeli government. In May 2020, a group of Senate Republicans planned to introduce a privacy bill that would regulate the data collected by coronavirus contact tracing apps. The COVID-19 Consumer Data Protection Act would "provide all Americans with more transparency, choice, and control over the collection and use of their personal health, geolocation, and proximity data", according to a joint statement. <mask> said the legislation


title: Roger Wicker

texts: also would "hold businesses accountable to consumers if they use personal data to fight the COVID-19 pandemic." The act would permit the creation of "platforms that could trace the virus and help flatten the curve and stop the spread – and maintaining privacy protections for U.S. citizens", <mask> said. In September 2020, less than two months before the next presidential election, <mask> supported an immediate Senate vote on Trump's nominee to fill the Supreme Court vacancy caused by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's death, saying that Senate Republicans had "promised to confirm well qualified, conservative judges" and that there was a "constitutional duty" to fill vacancies.In March 2016, <mask> had taken the opposite position by declining to consider Obama's Supreme Court nominee during a presidential election year, saying that the "American people should have the opportunity to make their voices heard before filling a lifetime appointment to the nation’s highest court." <mask> announced before the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count that he would vote to certify the election on January 6, 2021. He was participating in the certification when Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol. When the Capitol was secure and Congress returned to complete the certification, <mask> voted to certify the count, with his senate counterpart, Cindy Hyde-Smith objecting to the count. In the wake of the insurrection and certification, <mask> called for perpetrators to be prosecuted "to the fullest extent of the law" and said, "we must work together to rebuild confidence in our institutions." <mask> opposed Trump's removal from office,


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
 encouraging a peaceful transfer of power on Inauguration Day. In March 2021, after Congress passed the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, <mask> highlighted on social media that the bill awarded $28.6 billion of "targeted relief" to "independent restaurant operators" to "survive the pandemic".In that post, he neglected to mention that he had voted against the bill. In August 2021, <mask> voted for the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. After President Joe Biden said that he planned to select a black woman to appoint to the Supreme Court in January 2022, <mask> told Mississippi radio host Paul Gallo that the nominee would be a "beneficiary" of an affirmative action "quota", drawing a rebuke from the White House. Political positions
As of December 2017, <mask> ranks 14th of 98 in the Bipartisan Index compiled by The Lugar Center, which reflects a low level of partisanship. Confederate States of America
While discussing Mississippi's previous state flag, <mask> said his confederate military ancestors were "Americans" and were "brave". Climate change
In 2015, <mask> was the only U.S. senator to vote against an amendment declaring that climate change is real. <mask>, the incoming chair of the National Republican Senatorial Committee, was the only no vote.The final vote was 98 to 1, with Senator Harry Reid, the Democratic leader from Nevada, not voting. The amendment affirmed that "climate change is real and not a hoax." In 2017, <mask> was one of 22 senators to sign a letter to Trump urging him to withdraw the United States from the Paris Agreement. According to the Center for Responsive Politics, <mask> has received over $200,000 from

masks: Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker Wicker


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
 the oil and gas industry since 2012. Gun law
<mask>'s support for pro-gun legislation and gun rights has earned him an "A+" rating from the National Rifle Association (NRA). The NRA endorsed <mask> during the 2012 election. <mask> has said that he will filibuster any bill that he feels "infringes" on the Second Amendment, including weapon bans.He has received $21,350 in funding from gun lobbyists for his political activities. In 2009, <mask> introduced a bill allowing Amtrak passengers to check unloaded and locked handguns in their luggage. The law passed 68–30. His rationale for the bill was that people's Second Amendment rights were violated on a federally subsidized train system if they could not bring their guns. One day after the 2015 San Bernardino attack, <mask> voted against a bill, co-sponsored by a Democrat and a Republican, that would make background checks mandatory when a person buys a gun. He said he voted against it because he feared it would have "opened the door to a national gun registry." In 2017, <mask> voted in favor of "a joint resolution of disapproval aimed at former President Obama’s executive action requiring the Social Security Administration (SSA) place beneficiaries on the National Instant Criminal Background Check System 'mental defective' list."Secularism
<mask> asked the United States Navy to deny the admission of a secular humanist to the Chaplain Corps, saying, "It is troubling that the Navy could allow a self-avowed atheist to serve in the Chaplain Corps." 2021 storming of the United States Capitol
On May 28, 2021, <mask> voted against creating an independent commission to investigate the 2021 United


title: Roger Wicker

texts:
 States Capitol attack. First-strike use of nuclear weapons
In a 2021 interview with Neil Cavuto about the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, <mask> said the U.S. should not "rule out first-use nuclear action" as an option to support Ukraine. Political ratings
In 2020, <mask> received a score of 74 from the American Conservative Union. He has a lifetime rating of 83.62. The Americans for Democratic Action gave <mask> a score of 0 for the term. Electoral history

The following is a partial summary of <mask>'s election results.Personal life
<mask> has been married to Gayle Long since 1975. They have three children and six grandchildren. The <mask>s reside in Tupelo, where <mask> is a deacon and a member of the First Baptist Church Tupelo choir. He previously served on the Board of Advisors for the , a nongovernmental organization that works in crisis areas. On August 19, 2021, <mask> and fellow senators John Hickenlooper and Angus King tested positive for COVID-19. He fully recovered from the disease, saying, "Being fully vaccinated greatly reduced my risk of developing severe complications from the virus. Getting the shot is safe, easy, and free, and it could save your life."References

External links

 Senator <mask> official U.S. Senate website
 <mask> for Senate

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1951 births
20th-century American military personnel
21st-century American politicians
American military lawyers
Baptists from Mississippi
Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Air Force
Living people
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Mississippi
Military personnel from Mississippi
Mississippi

masks:
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Wicker
Roger Wicker
Roger Wicker


title: Jack Whitten

texts:
<mask> (December 5, 1939 – January 20, 2018) was an American painter and sculptor. In 2016, he was awarded a National Medal of Arts. Life
<mask> was born in 1939 in Bessemer, Alabama. Planning a career as an army doctor, <mask> entered pre-medical studies at Tuskegee Institute from 1957 to 1959. He also traveled to nearby Montgomery, Alabama to hear Martin Luther King Jr. speak during the Montgomery bus boycott and was deeply moved by his vision for a changed America. In 1960, <mask> went to Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana to begin studying art and became involved in Civil Rights demonstrations there. <mask> participated in a march from downtown Baton Rouge to the state capitol.<mask>'s artist ability led him to be in charge of producing the signs and slogans to be used at that demonstration. <mask> believed strongly about Martin Luther King Jr.'s nonviolent approach. However, witnessing the violent reactions from the segregationist made him realize that if he remained in the South he would turn violent himself. Angered by the violent resistance to change he experienced he moved to New York City in 1960. He enrolled immediately at the Cooper Union in the fall of 1960, graduating with a bachelor's degree in fine art in 1964. Afterwards he remained in New York as a working artist, heavily influenced by the abstract expressionists then dominating the art community, especially Willem de Kooning and Romare Bearden. Art
Shortly after graduating from Cooper Union, <mask> had the opportunity to meet other black artists which included, Jacob Lawrence and Norman Lewis, while he remained in New York to start his art career.<mask>'s art style

masks:
Jack Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Whitten


title: Jack Whitten

texts: was known to be abstract but he liked to refer to his art as art with truth and soul. A large number of <mask>'s artwork was inspired by his own experiences during the Civil Rights Movement. <mask> concluded that slavery obstructed the culture of people of color. Therefore, <mask> believed that it was his destiny to restore the culture through his pieces. <mask>'s paintings dated back to as early as the 1960s. A large portion of <mask>'s artwork had a feathery, soft effect which <mask> discovered was desirable by placing a nylon mesh fabric over his wet acrylic paintings. <mask> also used a T-shaped tool, which he would call the "developer".<mask> would move the T-shaped tool across the surface of his art in one single motion. This technique was used to represent one point being related to another. One of <mask>'s most famous pieces of work are his Black Monolith Series. Most of the work in this series was a homage or tribute to black activist, politicians and artists. The two known works from this series includes <mask>'s, Black Monolith III for Barbara Jordan, 1998 and the author of Invisible Man, Black Monolith II for Ralph Ellison, 1994. <mask>'s work was featured in the Annual Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1972. The Whitney mounted a solo exhibition of his paintings in 1974.He has also had individual shows at numerous private galleries and universities, including a 10-year retrospective in 1983 at the Studio Museum in Harlem and an exhibition of memorial paintings in 2008 at the Atlanta Contemporary Arts Center in Atlanta, Georgia. <mask> spent long portions of the summer in Crete,

masks: Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten Whitten


title: Jack Whitten

texts:
 where he had a studio and made sculptures. Throughout his career, <mask> concerned himself with the techniques and materials of painting and the relationship of artworks to their inspirations. At times he has pursued quickly-applied gestural techniques akin to photography or printmaking. At other times the deliberative and constructive hand is evident. The New York Times labeled him the father of a "new abstraction." When the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center occurred, <mask> was at his studio on Lispenard Street in Tribeca.In the following years, he constructed a monumental painting, with ashes embedded into it, as a memorial of the day. President Barack Obama awarded Whitten the 2015 National Medal Of Arts Award. Exhibitions
In 2013, curator Katy Siegel organized the exhibition Light Years: <mask>, 1971-73  at the Rose Art Museum at Brandeis University. The exhibition featured many works created by Whitten between 1971-1973, which had never been exhibited before. In 2014, a retrospective exhibition was organized by The Museum of Contemporary Art in San Diego. The exhibition traveled to the Wexner Center for the Arts in 2015 and to the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis from September 13, 2015 to January 24, 2016  As part of his Walker engagement, <mask> wrote an Artist Op-Ed on racism and "the role of art in times of unspeakable violence." On February 3, 2018 Crystal Bridges featured two of <mask>'s pieces from the 1970s; one of which was the Homage to Malcolm, 1970.In 2018, a retrospective "Odyssey: <mask>ten Sculpture 1963–2016" was organized around the time of his passing and opened at the Baltimore Museum of Art from April 22, 2018

masks:
Whitten
Whitten
Jack Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Jack Whit


title: Jack Whitten

texts:
 to July 29, 2018. The exhibition traveled to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York from September 6 to December 2, 2018 and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston from March 3 to May 27, 2019. In 2019, the first solo exhibition in a European institution was shown at Hamburger Bahnhof Museum für Gegenwart Berlin. Art market
<mask> was represented by Hauser & Wirth (2016–2018), Alexander Gray Associates (2007–2016) and Zeno X Gallery. Personal life
At 78, <mask> died on January 20, 2018. <mask> and his wife Mary resided in Queens, New York. References

Further reading
 Goldsmith, Kenneth (Summer 1994), "<mask>", Bomb Magazine.Storr, Rober (September 2007), "<mask> with Robert Storr", Brooklyn Rail
 Ostrove, Saul (April 2008), "Process, Image and Elegy", Art in America. Fox, Catherine (April 26, 2008), "Close to history: Alabama-born artist who boarded a bus to New York in 1960 makes a triumphant return to the South", Atlanta Journal-Constitution
 Moyer, Carrie (October 2009), "<mask>", The Brooklyn Rail
 <mask> at the MoMa PS1 (May 24—October 15, 2007)

External links
 Chinese Sincerity, <mask>, 1974, acrylic on canvas
 NY Times, obituary
 NY Times Art in Review, Roberta Smith, 1994

1939 births
2018 deaths
Abstract expressionist artists
20th-century American painters
American male painters
21st-century American painters
21st-century male artists
African-American contemporary artists
American contemporary painters
African-American painters
Artists from New York City
Artists from Birmingham, Alabama
Tuskegee University alumni
Cooper Union alumni
People from Bessemer, Alabama
People from Queens, New York
United States National Medal of Arts

masks:
Whitten
Whitten
Whitten
Jack Whitten
Jack Whitten
Jack Whitten
Jack Whitten
Jack Whitten


title: Ama Ata Aidoo

texts:
<mask>, née <mask> (born 23 March 1942) is a Ghanaian author, poet, playwright and academic. She was the Minister of Education under the Jerry Rawlings administration. In 2000, she established the Mbaasem Foundation to promote and support the work of African women writers. Early life
<mask> was born on 23 March 1942 in Saltpond in the Central Region of Ghana. Some sources including Megan Behrent, Brown University, and Africa Who's Who have stated that she was born on 31 March 1940. She had a twin brother, Kwame <mask>. She was raised in a Fante royal household, the daughter of Nana Yaw Fama, chief of Abeadzi Kyiakor, and Maame Abasema.She grew up at a time of resurgent British neocolonialism that was taking place in her homeland. Her grandfather was murdered by neocolonialists, which brought her father's attention to the importance of educating the children and families of the village on the history and events of the era. This led him to open up the first school in their village and influenced <mask> to attend Wesley Girls' High School, where she first decided she wanted to be a writer. Education
<mask> attended Wesley Girls' Senior High School in Cape Coast, from 1961 to 1964. After high school, she enrolled at the University of Ghana, Legon where she obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts in English and also wrote her first play, The Dilemma of a Ghost, in 1964. The play was published by Longman the following year, making <mask> the first published African woman dramatist. Career
<mask> was appointed Minister of Education under the Provisional National Defence Council in 1982.She resigned after 18 months, realising that she would be unable to achieve her aim of making education in Ghana freely accessible to all. She has portrayed the role of African women in

masks:
Ama Ata Aidoo
Christina Ama Aidoo
Aidoo
Ata
Aidoo
Aidoo
Aidoo
Ama


title: Ama Ata Aidoo

texts:
 contemporary society. She has opined that the idea of nationalism has been deployed by recent leaders as a means of keeping people oppressed. She has criticized those literate Africans who profess to love their country but are seduced away by the benefits of the developed world. She believes in a distinct African identity, which she views from a female perspective. She worked in the United States, where she held a fellowship in creative writing at Stanford University, California. She also served as a research fellow at the Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana, and as a lecturer in English at the University of Cape Coast, eventually rising there to the position of professor.She has also spent a great deal of time teaching and living abroad for months at a time. She has lived in the United States, Britain, Germany and Zimbabwe. In London in 1986, she delivered the Walter Rodney Visions of Africa lecture organised by the support group for Bogle-L'Ouverture publishing house. <mask> taught various English courses at Hamilton College in Clinton New York, in the early mid-1990s. She is currently a visiting professor in the Africana Studies Department at Brown University. <mask> was a patron of the Etisalat Prize for Literature (alongside Dele Olojede, Ellah Wakatama Allfrey, Margaret Busby, Sarah Ladipo Manyika and Zakes Mda), created in 2013 as a platform for African writers of debut books of fiction. She obtained a Fulbright Scholarship award in 1988 and Mbari press short story prize.Film
She is the subject of a 2014 documentary film, The Art of Ama Ata <mask>, made by Yaba Badoe. Writings
<mask>'s plays include The Dilemma of a Ghost, produced at Legon in 1964 (first published 1965) and Pittsburgh in 1988, and Anowa, published in 1971 and produced in London

masks: Aidoo Aidoo Aidoo Aidoo


title: Ama Ata Aidoo

texts:
 in 1991. Her works of fiction particularly deal with the tension between Western and African world views. Her first novel, Our Sister Killjoy, was published in 1977 and remains one of her most popular works. Many of <mask>'s protagonists are women who defy the stereotypical women's roles of their time, as in her play Anowa. Her novel Changes won the 1992 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best Book (Africa). She is also an accomplished poet—her collection Someone Talking to Sometime won the Nelson Mandela Prize for Poetry in 1987—and has written several children's books.She contributed the piece "To be a woman" to the 1984 anthology Sisterhood Is Global: The International Women's Movement Anthology, edited by Robin Morgan. Her story "Two Sisters" appears in the 1992 anthology Daughters of Africa, edited by Margaret Busby. In 2000 she founded the Mbaasem Foundation, a non-governmental organization based in Ghana with a mission "to support the development and sustainability of African women writers and their artistic output", which she runs together with her daughter Kinna Likimani and a board of management. <mask> is the editor of the 2006 anthology African Love Stories. In 2012, she launched Diplomatic Pounds & Other Stories a compilation of short stories and another which is a collection of essays by renowned writers in Ghana, Africa and the African Diaspora. Awards and recognition
Awards <mask> has received include the 1992 Commonwealth Writers' Prize for Best Book (Africa) for her novel Changes. The <mask>-Snyder book prize, awarded by the Women's Caucus of the African Studies Association for an outstanding book published by a woman that prioritizes African women's experiences, is named in honour of <mask> <mask> <mask> and of Margaret C. Snyder, who was the founding

masks: Aidoo Aidoo Aidoo Aidoo Ama Ata Aidoo


title: Ama Ata Aidoo

texts:
 director of UNIFEM.Launched in March 2017, the Ama Ata Aidoo Centre for Creative Writing (Aidoo Centre), under the auspices of the Kojo Yankah School of Communications Studies at the African University College of Communications (AUCC) in Adabraka, Accra, was named in her honour—the first centre of its kind in West Africa, with Nii Ayikwei Parkes as its director. Selected works
 The Dilemma of a Ghost (play), Accra: Longman, 1965. New York: Macmillan, 1971. Anowa (a play based on a Ghanaian legend), London: Longman, 1970. New York: Humanities Press, 1970. No Sweetness Here: A Collection of Short Stories, Longman, 1970. Our Sister Killjoy: or Reflections from a Black-eyed Squint (novel), Longman, 1977.Someone Talking to Sometime (a poetry collection), Harare: College Press, 1986. The Eagle and the Chickens and Other Stories (for children), Tana Press, 1986. Birds and Other Poems, Harare: College Press, 1987. An Angry Letter in January (poems), Dangaroo Press, 1992. Changes: a Love Story (novel), The Women's Press, 1991. The Girl Who Can and Other Stories, Heinemann African Writers Series, 1997. Diplomatic Pounds & Other Stories, Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2012.As editor
 African Love Stories: An Anthology, African Love Stories: An Anthology, Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2006. Further reading
 Aditya Misra, "Death in Surprise: Gender and Power Dynamics in <mask> <mask> <mask>'s Anowa". Journal of Drama Studies, Vol. 6, No. 1, 2012, pp. 81–91. Anne V. Adams (ed.), Essays in Honour of Ama <mask> <mask> at 70: A Reader in African Cultural Studies. Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2012. Ada Uzoamaka Azodo and G. Wilentz, Emerging Perspectives on Ama <mask> <mask>, Africa Research & Publications, 1999. Vincent O. Odamtten, The Art of Ama <mask> Aidoo: Polylectics and Reading Against

masks: Ama Ata Aidoo Ata Aidoo Ata Aidoo Ata


title: Ama Ata Aidoo

texts:
 Neocolonialism. University Press of Florida, 1994. Esther Pujolràs-Noguer, An African (Auto)biography. Ama <mask> <mask>'s Literary Quest: Strangeness, nation and tradition, Lap Lambert Academic Publishing, 2012.Nafeesah Allen, "Negotiating with the Diaspora: an Interview with Ama <mask> <mask>", Scholar & Feminist Online, 2009. References

External links

 Full-text, searchable works from Black Drama database. "AIDOO, Ama Ata", International Who's Who, accessed 1 September 2006. "Ama <mask> <mask> – Her Story" on BBC World Service. "Interview with Ama <mask> <mask>". Video interview by Michael Walling, artistic director of Border Crossings theatre company. "Ama Ata <mask> on feminism in Africa - BBC HARDtalk", interview with Zeinab Badawi, 22 July 2014.YouTube. Kundai Mugwanda-Nyamutenha, "Women's History Month profile: <mask> Ata <mask>", This Is Africa, 30 March 2015. Suzanne Kamata, "A Profile of Ama <mask> <mask>", Literary Mama, February 2016. 1942 births
Living people
Ghanaian novelists
Ghanaian dramatists and playwrights
Ghanaian women novelists
Ghanaian women poets
University of Cape Coast faculty
Brown University faculty
Ghanaian expatriates in the United States
Government ministers of Ghana
20th-century novelists
20th-century Ghanaian poets
Women dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Ghanaian women writers
20th-century Ghanaian writers
20th-century Ghanaian educators
21st-century Ghanaian women writers
21st-century Ghanaian writers
Ghanaian feminists
Feminist writers
Ghanaian women short story writers
20th-century short story writers
21st-century short story writers
20th-century Ghanaian politicians
20th-century women politicians
Ghanaian women academics
Women government ministers of Ghana
20th-century women educators
Twin people from Ghana
University of

masks: Ata Aidoo Ata Aidoo Ata Aidoo Ata Aidoo Aidoo Ama Aidoo Ata Aidoo


title: Rubens Donizete

texts:
<mask> (born August 14, 1979 in Monte Santo de Minas) is a Brazilian bicyclist who competed in the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2012 Summer Olympics. He was a member of the Brazilian Mountain Bike team. He currently runs the team AOO/Specialized (2015-2016). Career

Rubens worked as a bricklayer in his hometown. In 2000, he had to make a difficult decision and that would forever change his life, he stopped his paid work and devoted himself exclusively to cycling. In 2001 he got his first sponsorship. At that point he had the vision to represent Brazil in the Olympics.After many wins in competitions inside out outside of Brazil, his Olympic dream began in 2007. He joined the national mountain bike team that competed in the Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, and took the silver medal. <mask> won the 2008 Brazilian mountain biking championship and the vacancy for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games where he finished as the best Brazilian in 21st position. In 2015 he was hired by Team AOO/Specialized, looking to the vacancy for the Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro 2016.

masks:
Rubens Valeriano Donizete
Rubens


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
<mask> (28 October 1894 – 16 February 1988) was a Chinese writer, journalist, educator, publisher and politician. He was a founder of the Association for Literary Studies (), the first literature association during the May Fourth Movement in China. He served as the Vice-Minister of Culture of the People's Republic of China. Throughout his life, he was dedicated to publishing and language education. He subscribed to the philosophy that "Literature is for Life" (). Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on 28 October 1894 in Wu County, Jiangsu province. His name at birth was <mask> (), and his courtesy name was Bingchen ().His father worked as a bookkeeper for a landlord and they lived a very modest life. When he was six years old, he entered a mediocre school for primary study. He often followed his father to work. He travelled around the city and experienced the lives of the poor. In 1907, <mask> entered Caoqiao Secondary School (). After his graduation, he worked as a primary school teacher, before being dismissed by the school in 1914. Finding himself unemployed, he devoted himself entirely to writing classical Chinese novels, which were published in "Libailiu Magazine" (《禮拜六》 "Saturday Magazine"), until he found work as the Chinese teacher of a school

masks:
Ye Shengtao
Ye
Ye Shaojun
Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 set up by the Shanghai Commercial Press ().At the same time, he became the editor of primary textbooks of the Shanghai Commercial Press in 1915. <mask> had been living in an era of instability, including the 1894 Sino-Japanese War, the Hundred Days' Reform, and later the Sphere of Influence (). His early life experiences affected his sense of nationalism and contributed to his later career as a journalist and an educator. Career in literary movement
Throughout his life, <mask> worked a lot for literary movement. Under the influences of the May Fourth Movement in 1919 commonly known as the New Culture Movement, <mask> indulged himself in his literary career. He participated in a student organization called 'Xinchao She' ("New Tide Society" 新潮社 1919-1920) of Peking University, and started publishing fictions, poems, prose, literary criticism and scripts of drama etc. <mask> was also an editor in PuShe (樸社, 1923).In 1921, <mask>, Mao Dun and Zheng Zhenduo founded the earliest literary society of the New Literature Movement, the "Wenxue Yanjiu Hui", (文學研究會 "Association for Literary Studies"), advocating realism art but rejecting the principle  "Art is for Art's Sake". In 1936, <mask>, Mao Dun and Hong Shen () established the "Chinese Literature and Art

masks: Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 Society" (Zhongguo Wenyi jia Xiehui 中國文藝家協會). In 1941, he became an editorial committee of the "Teaching for Literature and History"" (Wenshi Jiaoxue 文史教學). <mask> was one of the establishers of the "Literary Alliance for Anti-Japanese Imperialism" (). Political life
<mask> was responsible for a number of posts in the authority. Following the Communist Revolution, <mask> served as the Vice-director of General Administration of Press and Publication (), the President of People Education Publication (), and the Vice-Minister of Education. He was also elected as the Committee of the Fifth Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, the National Committee of The Fifth Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and the Chairman of China Association for Promoting Democracy.<mask> died in Beijing on 16 February 1988 at the age of 94. Educational and journalistic ideologies
For <mask>, education and journalism were inseparable. The goal of education is not to educate" (「教是為了不教」)
<mask> had a great impact on improving the Modern Chinese language education. He brought a new idea to the Chinese educators, i.e. students should be taught the methods of learning, instead of the long and detailed content in books. This idea was a


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 breakthrough in traditional Chinese education, which used to rely heavily on memorization and indoctrination. Also, <mask> promoted critical thinking and the importance of personal value judgment.He suggested that these learning skills should be built within the students and were the basis for students' lifelong learning. Literature is for life (文學為人生)
<mask> was passionate in reflecting the real life in his works:

Most of his journalistic works were inspired by people's lives. He believed that literature was not only for leisure, but also a tool to reveal life and stimulate readers to contemplate the reality. He felt obliged to let the reader know what was actually happening around. This was one of the reasons why he wanted to combine literature with journalism. He thought that literary works should also be used to arouse youngsters' awareness and responsiveness towards society . This ideology resembles the journalisic principle of telling the truth.<mask> was also a reporter of life. Readability (易讀性)
Readability was a prominent characteristic in <mask>'s works. It means how efficient a reader can perceive and understand a passage. As a journalist, <mask> put great emphasis on the use of language. This might be because he had been a teacher for more

masks: Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 than 10 years before he became an editor. He thought that writings were for the reader and he considered  writing as a means of communication between readers and authors. A major problem of the writers at that period was that they were not equipped with good writing skills.Their wordings were inaccurate and vague in meaning. Very often, only well educated people could appreciate their works. The writers neglected the importance of practicability. Hence, literature was not promoted to the general public. Ye thought that one could only write something  artistic if one could write something practical and understandable. It would be useless if the readers could not even understand the content. Life as a journalist

"My first career, I would say, is editor.""If anybody asks about my career, I would say, my first career is editor, second is teacher," <mask> said. <mask> had spent much of his life on editing and publishing. The Shanghai Commercial Press was the starting point of <mask>'s editorship. He became the editor of the press since 1923. By the end of 1930, <mask> quit the post in the Shanghai Commercial Press and became the editor of Kaiming Press (Kaiming Shu Dian 開明書店). He started to edit books on Chinese language and storybooks for children. "Editing

masks: Ye Ye Ye Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 is no easy task."To <mask>, being an editor was never simply a job, but a career. "Recklessness is strictly forbidden in editing, you have to check everything in person. Editors must be earnest to their publications, their reporters, and their readers." Editor plays an important role in monitoring the final outcome. <mask> suggested that "seriousness" is the key of being a successful editor. He had always upheld this attitude in his works. <mask> devoted himself to editing and publishing for his whole life .His enthusiasm on his "first and ultimate" career had never stopped . During the Second Sino-Japanese War, <mask> moved to Leshan with his family and worked as a professor at the Department of Chinese at Wuhan University . In 1946, he returned to Shanghai and resumed his editorship at Kaiming Press. <mask>'s publications
In his entire life, <mask> was very much involved in the field of journalism. From 1925 to 1929 was <mask>'s new era of publications. He edited many famous magazines and newspapers, below are some of his works:

New era for modern publishing
<mask>'s vision in modern Chinese language catalyzed the development of modern journalism in China. <mask> was eager to advocate the standardization of modern Chinese language including the

masks: Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 standardization of grammar, rhetoric, vocabulary, punctuation, simplified character, and the elimination of variant characters ().He also compiled and standardized the Chinese character for publishing and formulated the Chinese Phoneticization Scheme (Hanyu Pinyin Fang'an  《漢語拼音方案》). All his efforts helped to improve the quality and organization of editorial work. Most importantly, <mask> promoted vernacular Chinese in publishing. His magazines and newspapers were mostly published in vernacular style, which greatly facilitated other journalists and readers to read. All these contributed to the rapid development of modern journalism in China. <mask> was an excellent educator and talent scout, too. He educated and discovered many outstanding young authors and editors like Ba Jin, Ding Ling, and Dai Wangshu.The establishment of The Truth Daily

Background of the May Thirtieth Movement
On 30 May 1925, a bloody massacre took place in Shanghai, known as May Thirtieth Movement (五卅運動 Wǔsà- yùndòng). About 2000 Shanghai workers and students ushered in a vigorous anti-imperialist movement, protesting imperialist domination and demanding to abolish the unfair treaties. The demonstrators thundered "Down with the imperialists!". Workers throughout China responded

masks: Ye Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 with a general strike and mass demonstrations. British police then suppressed the demonstrators with violence and killed 12 Chinese in the event. Till 1 June, more than 20 Chinese were killed. "Who will tell the truth?"None of the Shanghai newspapers reported this tragedy .The front-page news were mainly the gossip of the players of Chinese opera. The Shanghai newspapers refused to mention this incident because of political pressure. As a journalist, <mask> denounced "Why are the journalists so hardhearted to ignore this shocking massacre? Why are they so afraid of the fact? It's ridiculous that nobody would tell the truth." <mask> thus founded Gōnglǐ Rìbào (The Truth Daily 《公理日報》) with Zheng Zhenduo and Hu Yuzhi (胡愈之1896－1986), aimed to reveal the whole picture of this tragedy regardless of the imperialist power, in order to arouse the awareness and nationalism of the general public and also to promote "the spirit of May 30th movement" across China. A new way to journalism
In addition to reporting the truth, The Truth Daily 《公理日报》provided a forum for public discussion, called "Shèhuì Cáipànsuǒ" ("Tribunal of the Society"〈社會裁判所〉), which encouraged reader to express their viewpoints towards the society.<mask> and other editors of The Truth Daily severely

masks: Ye Ye Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 criticized the unfairness of the society. This newspaper served as a watchdog over the despotic power, and initiated the concept of "freedom of press" in the early
modern Chinese society. Due to financial difficulties and disagreement among the editors, The Truth Daily finally terminated after running for 22 days. Yet Ye has never stopped pursuing the truth. After the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), he participated in the struggle against Nationalist government, striving for democracy and the freedom of press. Contribution to literature

Realism: the mirror of life
Realism became the most sustainable hallmark of <mask>gtao. <mask> was one of the pioneers in realistic writing.His writing was like a mirror, reflecting the rotten side of society and human traits. Being an educator, <mask> had many narrations on intellectuals in his works. Many of the protagonists in <mask>'s works were the exploited, the disabled and the prosecuted who were in lower social class. <mask> had worked consistently on reflecting the truth and reality in his works. He expressed his democratic and socialist ideas through his novel series such as "The Fire"(Huozai 《火災》),"Under the Horizon"(Xiàn xià  《線下》) and . "A scarecrow" (Dào cao rén  《稻草人》.These pieces focused on the

masks:
Ye Shen
Ye
Ye
Ye
Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 suffocation of the lower-class people. His highly praised fiction "Ni Huanzhi" 《倪煥之 》 revealed the pathetic life of an intellectual called "Ni Huanzhi".<mask> discovered that many people in the New China were selfish, apathetic, hypocratic and conservative. People gave up their values in exchange for a stable life. <mask>'s works shared a sense of irony. He expressed his discontent in a bid to arouse the awareness of the public towards these social weaknesses. <mask> was not only writing stories, but also reporting the fallacies in society. His writings were not only for leisure but feeding the rest by knowing and reflecting the reality, "...the basic requirement for writing fiction is a pair of penetrating and observat eyes and my eyes are not penetrating enough...Of course, it is not necessary to train one's eyes just for the sake of writing but trained eyes do, in reality, nourish life." (<mask>ao, 'Guoqu Suitan', op.cit., p. 46.) Children's literature: A mind training for the young
<mask>'s first academic essay was about children literature, called Children's Concept' (), criticizing how feudalism affected children's lives in China. In fact, <mask> was the first writer who created fairy tales in the 1920s. His writing "A Scarecrow"(Dào cǎo rén

masks:
Ye
Ye
Ye
Ye Shengt
Ye
Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 《稻草人》) was published in 1923. This children's reading was very popular among numerous youngsters. Another 'fairy tale was "A Stone Figure of an Ancient Hero".(Gǔdāi yīngxióng de shíxiàng 《古代英雄的石像》) This story was about a stone which had been sculptured into a hero statue. The message behind this easy-to-read story was to ridicule the authorities who were arrogant and insensitive to his people. <mask>'s student, Ding Ling, once praised that his fairy tales were able to induce readers to think more about the society. <mask>'s fairy tales were simple, yet, with deep meaning inside it. He believed that children should have an understanding of their surrounding so as to enhance their critical power. Through <mask>'s stories, children could gradually acquire a clearer picture of society and their relationships with it. Language and rhetoric
<mask>'s language was refined and eloquent, and was known for his ability to choose just the right words to express himself.<mask> emphasized the importance of feeling and emotion throughout his journals. Characters in <mask>'s work were vivid and he deeply penetrated into and shared their inner feelings. The popular writer Zhao Jingshen () held that <mask> was a special figure in the field of literature, describing him

masks: Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 transcendent and extraordinary. The beauty of his works lasted despite any conditions. The expression of emotions and feelings were built on the basis of truth and reality that made his stories full of power. "Emotion seems like the shining light, while description and assessment are spotted by this light," <mask> said. This speech somehow showed that <mask> was not only a story teller, but a great artist.Influx of foreign elements
<mask>'s realistic writing style became the role model for many other writers. He also admitted that reading different western pieces did help him a lot on his writing, "If I hadn't read English, if I had not got in touch with literature in English, I wouldn't have written novels." His works were retrospective, thoughtful and critical. They were not only based on feeling, but on actual and objective observations. <mask> was not only a writer, but also a reporter. These insights became the rich ingredients in his works. He shaped a new dimension to Chinese modern literature.<mask>'s works

Literature

"The Snowing Morning"  Xuě zhāo 《雪朝》 (co-written with Zhu Ziqing etc.) (Poems)          1922
"A scarecrow" Dào cǎo rén  《稻草人》 (Novel)   1923
"Under the horizon"  Xiàn xià 《線下》    (Short stories)  1925
"Ní Huànzhī (the name of


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 the character)" 《倪煥之 》   (Novel)  1929
"A Stone Figure of an Ancient Hero"  Gǔ dài yīng xióng de shí xiàng. 《古代英雄的石像》   (Fairy-tales)     1931 . Zhongxuesheng Zhanshi Banyue kan ()

Ye Shengtao Memorial Hall

Ye Shengtao Memorial Hall is located at the former site of The 5th High School where <mask> taught from 1917 to 1922. It is located beside the Baosheng Temple in Luzhi township, Wuzhong district of Suzhou city. Further reading
Chen Liao. <mask>ao ping zhuan (Biography of <mask>ao).Tianjin: Bai hua Press,1981 陳遼: 《葉聖陶評傳》，天津: 百花出版社，1981
Chen, Lian. <mask>ao zhuan ji (A biography of <mask>ao) Nanjing: Jiangsu jiaoyu chu ban she, 1986. 陳遼《葉聖陶傳記》南京︰江蘇教育出版社，1986
Gu, <mask>ing; Chen, jie. Ye Shengtao Taipei: Hai feng, Min 80 [1991]. 辜也平 陳捷 《葉聖陶》台北:海風 民80 [1991]。 [1991]。
Liu Zengren, Feng Guanglian. Ye Shengtao yan jiu zi liao (The Study of Ye Shengtao). Beijing : Beijing Shiyue Wenyi Press, 1988 劉增人 馮光廉: 《葉聖陶研究資料》，北京: 北京:十月文藝出版社， 1988.Liu, Zengren. Shan gao shui chang: <mask> zhuan (A biography of <mask>) Taipei: Ye qiang chu ban she, 1994. 劉增人 《山高水長:葉聖陶傳》台北:業強出版社，1994。
PangYang. <mask>ao he ta de jia ren (<mask> and his family). Shenyang : Chun Feng Wenyi  Press, 1983. 龐暘:《葉聖陶和他的家人》瀋陽:春風文藝出版社， 2001
Selis, David Joel. <mask>h Shao-chün : a critical

masks:
Ye Shengtao
Ye Shengt
Ye Shengt
Yegt
Ye Shengt
Yep
Ye Shengtao
Ye Shengtao
Ye Shengt
Ye Shengtao
Ye


title: Ye Shengtao

texts:
 study of his fiction, Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Microfilms International, 1981.<mask>, Shengtao. <mask>'' Hong Kong: San lian shu dian xianggang fen dian, 1983. 《葉聖陶》葉聖陶 香港:三聯書店香港分店1983。

Portrait
    <mask>. A Portrait by Kong Kai Ming at Portrait Gallery of Chinese Writers (Hong Kong Baptist University Library). External links
 Ye Shengtao Research Association of China (Chinese) ()
 <mask>gtao's Publication (Chinese)
 <mask> and Ni Huanzhi (Chinese) ()
 The Celebrities and Commercial Press
 In Memory of Mr.<mask> (Chinese) ()
 Ye Shengtao and the People's Education Press
 <mask>: Chairman of Central Committee of China Association for Promoting Democracy

1894 births
1988 deaths
20th-century Chinese male writers
20th-century Chinese short story writers
20th-century novelists
Chinese children's writers
Chinese male novelists
Chinese male short story writers
Chinese publishers (people)
Chinese schoolteachers
Educators from Suzhou
Vice Chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
People's Republic of China politicians from Jiangsu
People's Republic of China short story writers
Politicians from Suzhou
Members of the China Association for Promoting Democracy
Republic of China journalists
Republic of

masks:
Ye
Ye Shengtao
Ye Shengtao
Ye Shen
Ye Shengtao
Ye Shengtao
Ye Shengtao