title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 "craze", confident that he would come back home as soon as the flute went silent... When <mask> was eight, the family moved to Perttula, the rural village of Nurmijärvi about 23 miles north of Helsinki. His innate interest in music continued, and he learned to play a friend's clarinet by ear. He soon began to receive training from a member of the Nyland regimental band. In 1788, when he was thirteen, another family friend, aware of the young man's natural ability, took him to see Major O. Wallenstjerna at Sveaborg ().Sveaborg was a Swedish fortress built on six islands just off the coast of Helsinki. The educated officers of the fort had significant influence on the culture and politics of the city. Wallenstjerna, impressed with <mask>'s playing, recruited him as a volunteer member of the Sveaborg military band and gave him a place to live with his own family. <mask> received an education at Sveaborg and excelled in music and languages. In 1791 Wallenstjerna transferred to Stockholm and <mask> went with him. Although <mask> spent most of the rest of his life in Sweden, he always considered himself a Finn. In his final years in a letter to Runeberg he called himself a "finsk landsman" (a fellow Finn; note that "Finn" at the time did not refer to the language).He maintained his travel diaries in Swedish. Career as a clarinetist
In Stockholm, <mask> continued his studies and established himself as a clarinet soloist. In 1792, at age sixteen, he received an appointment as the director of the regimental

masks: Crusell Crusell Crusell Crusell Crusell Crusell


title: Bernhard Crusell

type: original

texts: band, and in 1793 became principal clarinet with the Hovkapellet (Royal Court Orchestra), which was directed by his composition teacher, the German composer Abbé Vogler. In 1798 he received financial assistance which enabled him to live in Berlin for a few months and study with the well-known German clarinetist Franz Tausch (1762–1817). Tausch had founded the German school of clarinet playing which emphasized beauty of tone over technique. <mask>'s  progress was swift, and he performed at concerts in Berlin and Hamburg before returning to Sweden. The review of the Hamburg concert in the Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung was positive.<mask> lived in Sweden for the rest of his life, going back to Finland only once. After a trip to St. Petersburg, on his return trip to Sweden, he performed in Helsinki on 7 July 1801, with the pianist Fredrik Lithander as his accompanist, and in Turku on 30 July, in a concert organized by the orchestra of the Turku Society of Music. In Stockholm <mask> had become acquainted with the French ambassador to Sweden. This friendship encouraged and enabled him to undertake a trip to Paris in 1803. There he performed and also studied clarinet with Jean-Xavier Lefèvre at the newly formed Conservatoire. On 2 June, with the encouragement of Lefèvre, he purchased a new mouthpiece made by Michel Amlingue (1741–1816) and on 14 September a six-key C clarinet made by Jean Jacques Baumann. Before about 1800 Crusell had been playing with the reed turned up, but later turned it down, the modern

masks: Crusell Crusell Crusell


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts: practice and a position more compatible with cantabile playing.Exactly when he did this is not well established, but he may have favored the reed-above position because of a lack of evenness in his teeth. Around this time the Théâtre-Italien de Paris offered <mask> a position as first clarinetist. Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, anxious to keep Crusell in the royal orchestra, denied a petition for an extension of leave and as a positive inducement made him chief conductor of the bodyguard regiment bands. After <mask> returned to Stockholm he remained with the Royal Court Orchestra until 1833. In June 1811 <mask> made another trip to see Tausch in Berlin, and the two men discussed clarinets. Later that month he visited a benefactor in Leipzig, and in July he purchased a new instrument from Heinrich Grenser in Dresden. His Grenser clarinet was an advanced design for the time, with eleven keys.(A picture of <mask>'s Grenser clarinet can be found here.) Later, in 1822, he again went to Dresden and purchased additional clarinets from the Grenser shop's successor, Grenser & Wiesner, and from another maker by the name of Bormann. The Stockholm Music Museum possesses five clarinets made by Grenser & Wiesner in 1822 or later, four with eleven, and one with ten keys. During his career <mask> became increasingly well known as a clarinet soloist, not only in Sweden but also in Germany, and even in England. He played compositions by Beethoven, Jadin, Krommer, Lebrun, Mozart, and Peter Winter, among others. Of more than

masks: Crusell Crusell Crusell Crusell Crusell


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 50 known concert reviews (most of which appeared in the German Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung), not even one had any negative comment. Carl Abraham Mankell (1802–1868), music critic of Svenska Tidningen (Swedish News), admired <mask>'s playing for the roundness of his tone and its evenness in quality throughout the range of the instrument.<mask> was also greatly admired for his pianissimo playing. "It is indicative of his reputation that he was for many years the best-paid musician in the court orchestra." Career as a composer
Between 1791 and 1799 Crusell studied music theory and composition with Abbé Vogler and another German teacher, Daniel Böritz, when Böritz was resident in Stockholm. In 1803 while in Paris <mask> studied composition at the Conservatoire with Gossec and Berton. He composed pieces, including concertos and chamber works, not only for his own use, but also for other wind players in the court orchestra. In 1811 he travelled to Leipzig where he established a relationship with the music publisher Bureau de Musique, which became part of C. F. Peters in 1814. From 1818 to 1837 during the summers he conducted military bands in Linköping, providing them with arrangements of marches and overtures by Rossini, Spohr, and Weber and composing pieces for male choir.In 1822 he published three volumes of songs to texts by the Swedish poet Tegnér and others, and in 1826 another volume, Frithiofs saga, with ten songs to texts by Tegnér. An opera, Lilla slavinnan (The Little Slave Girl), was first


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 performed in Stockholm in 1824 and was repeated 34 times in the following 14 years. Other accomplishments and awards
<mask> was a skillful linguist, translating the important Italian, French, and German operas for performances in Sweden. His translation of Mozart's Le nozze di Figaro, first performed in 1821, resulted in his induction into the Geatish Society, an association of literary academics in Sweden. In 1837 he was awarded a Gold Medal by the Swedish Academy and was inducted into the Order of Vasa, for service to the state and society. The National Library of Sweden holds two manuscript autobiographies. Crusell Music Festival
Since 1982 a Crusell Week has been held each summer in Uusikaupunki, Finland (<mask>'s place of birth).The festival is dedicated to music for woodwind instruments. Crusell Week’s Artistic Director is Jussi Särkkä. List of musical works
Dates of composition and first publication and other information are from Asiado,  Dahlström, and WorldCat (OCLC), unless otherwise noted. Soloist with orchestra
 Clarinet Concerto in E-flat major, Op. 1
 Movements: Allegro – Adagio – Rondo. Allegretto
 Completed in 1808? or 1810; published Leipzig, A. Kühnel, 1811, plate no.907 (after 1814 reprinted by C. F. Peters). Duration: ca. 22 minutes. Other publications:
 Edition by Fabian Dahlström with assistance of Margareta Rörby. Stockholm: Edition Reimers, 1995, full score (xxi, 158 pages; includes prefatory notes in English and Swedish and "Critical commentary", pp. 153–158) . Edition for

masks:
Crusell
Bernhard Crusell


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 K, score (23 pages) and part (7 pages) . Winterthur: Amadeus, 1992, score (15 pages) part (7 pages) ; reprint 2006 . Airs suedois for bassoon and orchestra (1814)
 This work is often confused with Introduction et Air suedois for clarinet and orchestra above. It is an entirely different piece. Airs suedois for bassoon has remained relatively obscure because of the loss of the full score. It is nevertheless a fine and interesting work. Orchestrated by Graham Sheen [score available from the editor].London: Park Publications, 1985, score (35 pages) and part (10 pages) . Solo bassoon part and composer's piano reduction published by Emerson Edition, edited by Graham Sheen
 Recorded by Graham Sheen and Elizabeth Burley on SFZ Music CD "Goodbye, Mr Galliard" SFZM0109
 Recorded by Knut Sonstevold and Stefan Lindgren on Daphne CD "Fagottissimo"
 Also: [London]: British Double Reed Society, ca. 1993, score (21 pages) and part . Chamber music
 Quartet in E-flat major for clarinet, violin, viola and cello, Op. 2
 Composed 1807? ; published Leipzig, A. Kühnel, 1811. Other publications:
 Edition Peters, cat.no. EKB 019. After the edition by <mask>. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2006, score (15 pages) and 4 parts . Arrangement for 3 clarinets and bass clarinet by Béla Kovács. Leverkusen: Edition Darok, ca. 1996, score (20 pages) and 4 parts .Quartet in C minor for clarinet, violin, viola and cello, Op. 4
 Composed 1804? ; published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1817. Other publications:
 Edition Peters, cat. no. EKB 039. After the


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 edition by <mask>r.Winterthur: Amadeus, 2006, score (16 pages) + 4 parts . Manuscript edition by Lyle T. Barkhymer (Indiana University), 1975, score (pp. 53–91) and 4 parts . Quartet in D major for clarinet, violin, viola and cello, Op. 7
 Composed 1821? ; published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1823, cat. nos.1723 and 1783B. Other publications:
 Edition Peters, cat. no. EKB 040. Transcription for oboe in C major by Kurt Meier. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2002, score (16 pages) and 4 parts
 Quartet in D major for flute, violin, viola and cello, Op. 8 (Edition Peters EKB 056)
 Arrangement of Op.7
 Composed 1821? ; published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1823. Other publications:
 Helsinki: Suomalaisen Musiikin Tiedotuskeskus, 1991, score (25 pages) and 3 parts . Edition by Kurt Meier. Winterthur: Amadeus/<mask> Päuler, 2002, miniature score (16 pages) and 4 parts . Arrangement ("Sonata") for flute and piano by Timo Hongisto. Espoo: Fazer Music, 1990, score (44 pages) and part .Three clarinet duets: No. 1 in F major, No. 2 in D minor (score), No. 3 in C major
Published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1821. Other publications:
 Edition Peters, cat. no. EP 7780.Three progressive clarinet duets, London: Hinrichsen Edition, 1960, score (3 volumes score and 3 parts) . Concert Trio (Potpourri) for clarinet, horn, and bassoon
Edition by <mask>r. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2005, score (8 pages) and 3 parts ; . Arrangement by Stig Rybrant. Lidingö: Busch, 2007, score (12 pages) and parts . Divertimento in C major for oboe, two violins, viola and

masks:
Bernhard Päule
Bernhard
Bernhard Päule


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 cello, Op. 9
Free score at IMSLP.Dates: published Leipzig, C. F. Peters, 1823, cat. no. 1728. Other publications:
 Edition by <mask>. Winterthur: Amadeus, 2003, score (15 pages) and 5 parts . Vocal works
 Sångstycken ("Songs")
 Texts by Esaias Tegnér and others
Published Stockholm, 1822, 3 volumes. Vol 1 .Frithiofs saga (10 songs), for voice and piano
 Texts by Esaias Tegnér
 Published Stockholm, 1826; enlarged 1827. Other publications:
 Zwölf Gesänge aus der Frithiof's Saga (Twelve Songs from the Frithiof's Saga), translated from Swedish by Gottlieb Mohnike. Leipzig :  C.F. Peters, [1827], score (28 pages) . Tolf sånger ur Frithiofs saga, Stockholm: Elkan & Schildknecht, [186-? ], score (35 pages) . Lund: Gleerup; Copenhagen: Lose & Olsen, no date, score (28 pages) ."From Ganges' beauteous strands"  for voice, clarinet & piano
From incidental music to Den lilla slafvinnan (The little bondswoman). Originally for soprano and chamber orchestra. Published Ampleforth, Yorkshire: Emerson Edition, 1980, score (22 pages) and 2 parts . "Oi terve Pohjola!" for vocal quartet
 Swedish title: "Hell dig, du höga Nord!" ("Hail, O Northland!") Also arranged for chorus.Probably <mask>'s most famous composition in Finland. Music for stage
 Lilla slavinnan (The Little Slave Girl), opera in 3 acts
 Libretto by René Charles Guilbert de Pixérécourt; translated by Ulrik Emanuel Mannerhjerta and G. Lagerbjelke. First performed in Stockholm on 18 February 1824. Excerpts published Stockholm,1824. Held at Stockholm's Kungliga

masks:
Bernhard Päuler
Crusell


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 Teaterns Bibliotek. Other publications:
 Piano reduction by Ludwig Anton Edvard Passy. Stockholm: Westerberg, [ca.1825], score (52 pages, "obl. fol.") . Libretto, Stockholm, 1824 . Motive from "Tusen och en natt". Helsingfors, 1909, score (4 pages) . Citations and references

Cited sources
Asiado, Tel (2004). "<mask> <mask> (1775-1838).Swedish-Finnish clarinetist, composer and translator." at Mozart Forum. Hillila, Ruth-Esther and Barbara Blanchard Hong (1997). Historical dictionary of the music and musicians of Finland. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. .
 Rice, Albert R. (2003). The clarinet in the classical period. Oxford: Oxford University Press.. .
Sadie, Stanley, ed. ; John Tyrell; exec. ed. (2001). The new Grove dictionary of music and musicians, 2nd ed. London: Macmillan. (hardcover).(eBook). Winter, Helmer (1925). Berndt Henric <mask>n 150-vuotismuisto [Berndt Henric <mask>'s 150th (birthday) anniversary]. Uusikaupunki: the author. .

Other sources

 Dahlströhm, Fabian (1976). <mask> <mask>: klarinettisten och hans större instrumentalverk. Helsingfors: Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland. Language: Swedish.. .
 Kallio, Ilmari (1994). <mask> <mask> (1775–1838). Uusikaupunki: Crusell-Society. Language: Finnish. .
 Spicknall, John Payne (1974). The solo clarinet works of Bernard Henrik <mask> (1775–1838). Thesis—University of Maryland. .
 Wilson, Sven (1977). <mask>: tonsättare, klarinettvirtuos''.Stockholm: Kungliga Musikaliska Akademien (Royal Swedish Academy of Music). Language: Swedish. . .

masks:
Bernhard Henrik
Crusell
Cruselli
Crusell
Bernhard Henrik
Crusell
Bernhard Henrik
Crusell
Crusell
Bernhard Crusell


title: Bernhard Crusell

texts:
 Note: Includes extracts from <mask>'s diaries of journeys abroad in 1803, 1811 and 1822. . External links

 Biography at Mozart-Forum. Biography at the Finnish Crusell Society website. History of the genesis of the concertos Opus 5 and Opus 11
 Naxos recording of the clarinet concertos with Karl Leister.Crusell Music Festival - Uusikaupunki. 1775 births
1838 deaths
18th-century classical composers
18th-century male musicians
19th-century classical composers
19th-century male musicians
Finnish classical clarinetists
Finnish classical composers
Finnish male classical composers
Finnish people of Swedish descent
Pupils of Georg Joseph Vogler
Recipients of the Order of Vasa
Romantic composers
Swedish autobiographers
Swedish classical composers
Swedish male classical composers
Swedish-speaking


title: Dorothy Kenyon

texts:
<mask> (February 17, 1888 – February 12, 1972) was a New York attorney, judge, feminist and political activist in support of civil liberties. During the era of McCarthyite persecution, she was accused of being affiliated with 28 communist front organizations. <mask> was a charismatic speaker, and she regularly travelled throughout the U.S. lecturing about civil liberties, the law, and women's equality. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City, to Maria Wellington (Stanwood) and <mask>, a patent attorney. She grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, with a family summer home in Lakeville, Connecticut. She graduated from Horace Mann School in 1904. She studied economics and history at Smith College, graduating in 1908.While at Smith she participated in field hockey and tennis, and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. <mask> felt that she "misspent" the years 1908 to 1913 as a "social butterfly." After spending a year in Mexico and observing poverty and injustice at a close range, she decided to focus on social activism. She graduated from New York University School of Law in 1917 and was admitted to the New York Bar in the same year. Career
<mask> began her legal career in 1917 as a law clerk in the New York firm Gwinn and Deming. Later that year, she began work as a research specialist among the group of lawyers advising delegates to the Paris Peace Conference. As a research specialist, she studied wartime labor patterns and collected economic data for the conference.From 1919 to 1925, <mask> worked for the firm of Pitkin, Rosenson, and Henderson in New York City. For most of her career, <mask> devoted a great deal of her energy to advocating for social

masks:
Dorothy Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
William Houston Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon


title: Dorothy Kenyon

texts: justice and a variety of liberal and progressive causes such as the New Deal, women's rights, the labor movement, and consumer cooperatives. In 1930, <mask> established the law firm of Straus and Kenyon with <mask>, with whom she worked in partnership to campaign for women's advancement until 1939, when she became a justice of the municipal court. <mask> was appointed as a member of the New York City Comptroller's council on taxes for the relief of the unemployed in 1934. In 1936 she chaired a committee to study procedure in women's courts where she called for more sympathetic treatment of sex workers and stronger prosecution of their clients and pimps. <mask> gained national prominence as a feminist activist in 1938 when she was named the U.S. representative to the League of Nations Committee for the Study of the Status of Women, a group of seven lawyers charged with studying women's legal status internationally. World War II interrupted the committee's work and it was never completed.<mask> resumed her commitment to improving women's status around the world through her work as the U.S. delegate to the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women from 1946 to 1950. Already well-known in academic, legal, and political circles, in 1950 <mask> made national news when Senator Joseph R. McCarthy named her as the first person to be investigated by the Tydings Committee. McCarthy alleged that <mask> had been a member of 29 Communist front organizations. Two "reliable former members of the Communist party" reportedly told McCarthy that "she had one job and one job only and that was to attach herself to a prominent individual... high in public life and try to

masks:
Kenyon
Dorothy Straus
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Dorothy Kenyon
Kenyon


title: Dorothy Kenyon

texts: influence the writings of that individual." <mask> responded aggressively to McCarthy's accusations by declaring: "He's a lowdown worm and although it ought to be beneath my dignity to answer him, I'm mad enough to say that he's a liar and he can go to hell." Of her involvement with communist organizations, she said "I am not, and never have been, a supporter of, a member of, or a sympathizer with any organization known to me to be, or suspected by me, of being controlled or dominated by Communists." In the wake of her confrontation with McCarthy, <mask> received widespread support from the press and from respected public figures such as Eleanor Roosevelt.Although the Senate subcommittee cleared the charges against her on July 17, McCarthy's accusations ended <mask>'s career in public service. During the 1950s and 1960s, <mask> prepared briefs for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and worked for the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). She continued to push the ACLU to take a stand against sexist policies and institutions, and was the sole woman on the board of the ACLU for many years. She worked with African-American activist and attorney, Pauli Murray, on preparing briefs for cases that challenged sex discrimination in the 1940s and 1950s. She joined the pro Equal Rights Amendment forces, and also teamed with much younger feminists in the emerging women's liberation movement where she participated in the 1971 Women's Strike for Equality and in the burgeoning movement to legalize abortion. In 1966, Murray and <mask> successfully argued White v. Crook, a case in which the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit ruled that

masks:
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Dorothy Kenyon


title: Dorothy Kenyon

texts:
 women have an equal right to serve on juries. When attorney and future Supreme Court justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg wrote her brief for Reed v. Reed—a 1971 Supreme Court case that for the first time extended the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause to women—she added Murray and <mask> as coauthors in recognition of her debt to their work.Personal life
<mask> had lengthy and intense romantic relationships with various men throughout her adult life, including Walcott Pitkin, Elihu Root Jr., and L. V. Pulsifer. Fiercely independent, she made a conscious decision not to marry. Death
<mask> participated in various aspects of President Johnson's War on Poverty and at age 80, she worked tirelessly and almost single-handedly to establish legal services for the poor on the Lower West Side of Manhattan. When <mask> was diagnosed with stomach cancer in 1969, she concealed the severity of her illness from most people and refused to suspend or even curtail her legal or political work. She was an active advocate for social justice until her death on February 12, 1972, 5 days before her 84th birthday. Popular culture
<mask> is portrayed by Kathy Bates in the 2018 film On the Basis of Sex, which is about the life and career of Ruth Bader Ginsburg. References

Further reading

External links
<mask> papers at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Special Collections

1888 births
1972 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
American activists
American feminists
20th-century American lawyers
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
Cooperative organizers
Deaths from stomach cancer
Victims of McCarthyism
Smith College alumni
20th-century American women

masks:
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Kenyon
Dorothy Kenyon


title: Werner Spitz

texts:
<mask> (born August 22, 1926) is a German-American forensic pathologist who has worked on a number of high-profile cases, including the investigations of the assassinations of president John F. Kennedy and Martin Luther King Jr. He also testified at the trials of Casey Anthony and Phil Spector, the 1996 civil trial against O. J. Simpson, and consulted on the investigation of JonBenét Ramsey's 1996 death. He wrote and with his son Daniel co-edited the book Spitz and Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation of Death: Guidelines for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigation. Biography
<mask> was born in 1926 to a Jewish family in Stargard, Germany (now Poland); his parents, Siegfried and <mask>, were both physicians. Given the growing antisemitism in Germany, his family fled to Mandatory Palestine when he was a child. <mask>'s father got <mask> as a youth a job working in a medical examiner's office, where he was charged with cleaning and other small duties. Spitz eventually began assisting with the autopsies.He recalls assisting with the autopsy of Morris Meyerson in 1951; he was the husband of Golda Meir, the future Israeli politician and Prime Minister. <mask> returned to Europe for medical school, where he started studies at Geneva University in Switzerland. After he had been four years in Geneva, the Hebrew University in Jerusalem established the university's Medical School and <mask> transferred there. He received his medical doctorate after an additional three years of studies and clinical work. He graduated at the age of 27. <mask> immigrated to America in 1959. His decision to leave his native Israel was partly inspired by the lack of regional need for his chosen career path."In seven years in Israel, there was only one murder." He said. "It just wasn't the right place for a forensic

masks:
Werner Uri Spitz
Werner Spitz
Anna Spitz
Spitz
Werner
Spitz
Spitz
Spitz


title: Werner Spitz

texts:
 pathologist." <mask> later served as Deputy Chief Medical Examiner in Baltimore, Maryland, and Chief Medical Examiner for Wayne County, Michigan (Wayne County includes the city of Detroit). There he made many controversial changes, and in 1976 he was charged with taking parts from bodies without getting permission from the next of kin, privately charging for his services, and improperly conducting ballistic experiments on dead bodies. Although <mask> admitted some of the charges, the Wayne County Prosecutor declined to prosecute him, saying that "He was just being a doctor." Work as a forensic pathologist
In 1969, <mask> testified on behalf of Joseph and Gwen Kopechne, the parents of Mary Jo Kopechne, who died following a car accident in the vehicle of Ted Kennedy at Chappaquiddick Island.Kopechne was presumed to have died from drowning after Kennedy's car swerved off a small bridge and plunged into the water. Kopechne's parents were seeking to prevent her body from being exhumed and autopsied. <mask> testified that the autopsy was unnecessary, and the available evidence was sufficient to conclude that Kopechne died from drowning. The judge sided with Kopechne's parents and denied the request for exhumation. In 1970, while <mask> was the deputy chief medical examiner for Maryland, he determined that Sister Cathy Cesnik, a 26-year-old Catholic nun who disappeared in November 1969, had been murdered by a blow to the head. In 1994, a witness came forward and said a priest took her as a young teen, to see Cesnik's body shortly after she had gone missing. She said that he was threatening her not to say anything about the sexual abuse that was allegedly occurring at her Catholic school.The witness told police she remembered maggots on Cesnik's corpse, but was not believed. The police said that maggots

masks: Spitz Spitz Spitz Spitz Spitz


title: Werner Spitz

texts: were unlikely in November. However, in 2016, when <mask>'s original autopsy was made public, it had documented that there were maggots present. <mask> confirmed this when interviewed for the 2017 Netflix series The Keepers, about Cesnik's murder. In 1975, <mask> was asked to work as an advisor to both the Rockefeller Commission and the House Select Committee on Assassinations. He reviewed the autopsy performed 12 years earlier on president John F. Kennedy by military pathologists. "They botched that autopsy," <mask> said."They had absolutely no experience in forensic pathology." He attributed the flaws in the investigation to the fact that at that time in the United States, forensic pathology was in its infancy. Despite his conclusion that the original investigation was flawed, he agreed with the Warren Commission's conclusion that Lee Harvey Oswald acted alone in the shooting. In 1979, <mask> consulted with the same committees on the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968. The committee determined that King was killed by one rifle shot by James Earl Ray. In 2011, <mask> testified for the defense in the trial of Casey Anthony for the death of her daughter, Caylee. He disagreed with the prosecution's medical examiner Jan Garavaglia, who had said that the death could be ruled as a homicide based on the autopsy, and described her work as "shoddy".Garavaglia acknowledged that the cause of death could not be ascertained by the autopsy she performed, but ruled the death a homicide based on the circumstances. Spitz criticized her for failing to open the skull and test sediment found in the skull; he believed that was proof that Caylee had decomposed while lying on her side, rather than the position in which she was found. He disagreed with the state's theory that duct tape found next to Caylee's

masks: Spitz Werner Spitz Spitz Spitz Spitz


title: Werner Spitz

texts:
 body was used as a murder weapon, saying it is much more likely that the duct tape was placed after her death to hold the mandible in place when moving the body. He also believes that the placement of Caylee's hair was staged by someone before being photographed. In a CBS Detroit interview on September 2016 and in the documentary series The Case of: JonBenét Ramsey (2016), <mask> accused Burke Ramsey of killing his sister, although the pathologist had not performed an autopsy of the girl. On October 6, 2016, Burke filed a defamation lawsuit against <mask>, seeking a total of $150 million in damages since Burke had never been considered a suspect by the Boulder police. In 2003, DNA evidence found from an unidentified male appeared to have cleared each family member from suspicion, as their DNA was excluded from matching.New testing in 2016 revealed there was DNA from two persons other than JonBenét Ramsey. <mask> is a professor of pathology at Wayne State University School of Medicine in Detroit, Michigan and an adjunct professor of pathology at the University of Windsor in Canada. He has written a book entitled: Spitz and Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation of Death: Guidelines for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigation. List of notable cases

Personal life
<mask> is the father of <mask>, who is also a pathologist, and <mask>, a surgeon. He has a sister, Karni Frank, who also lives in Michigan. References

External links

1926 births
Living people
American people of German-Jewish descent
American forensic pathologists
JonBenét Ramsey
Medical examiners
O. J. Simpson murder case
Researchers of the assassination of John F. Kennedy
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Israeli emigrants to the United States
People from Grosse Pointe Shores, Michigan
Jewish American

masks:
Spitz
Spitz
Spitz
Spitz
Daniel Spitz
Jonathan Spitz


title: Toño Rosario

texts:
<mask> (born November 3, 1955),  known as <mask>, is a Dominican singer, songwriter, arranger and Grammy-award nominee musician, best known for his role of bandleader of Merengue music act Los Hermanos Rosario. In 1990, his started his successful solo carrer receiving gold and platinum certifications. <mask> is one of the best selling and most popular merengue artist and had received nonimations to the Latin Grammy Awards, Latin Billborad Music Awards and Grammy Awards. Is well known by the hits "Kulikitaca", "Resistire", "Seguire", "Jenny" and "Viborar del Mar". <mask> was the first solo merengue act to ever sell out Madison Square Garden, United Palace, Altos de Chavón, la Plaza del toro in Madrid and Cuervana Stadium, México. <mask> is a minority owner/limited partner of the Miami Dolphins NFL team. Musical career
<mask> is best known for his Merengue numbers.As a member of Los Hermanos Rosario, <mask> has been a key figure in popularizing Merengue music, with hits reaching the top of the Billboard Latin charts and the top of charts in Europe. <mask> is the top selling Merengue artist of all time. The three-time Grammy nominee has sold more than 100 million albums worldwide. He is best known for his Romantic Merengue renditions. <mask> <mask> and his brothers were always interested in music. From young, they recall finding whatever instruments they could in household items since they were born in poverty and could not afford real musical instruments. The group in which <mask> started his musical career was formed in 1978 and its name is "Los Hermanos Rosario": it consisted of himself, his brothers Pepe and Rafa (as the lead singers) and brothers Luis, Tony, and Francis (as the instrument players).They used to play in their neighbors houses and this is how they eventually got to be

masks:
Máximo Antonio del Rosario
Toño Rosario
Toño Rosario
Rosario
Rosario
Maximo Antonio del Rosario
Rosario
Rosario
Toño
Rosario
Toño


title: Toño Rosario

texts: known and discovered. After the death of their brother Pepe, <mask> and Rafa took the lead in the band with <mask> as the main singer due to his unique and highly recognized voice. In the late 1980s, after 12 years of being with his brothers, <mask> was removed from the group and began his own solo career. He debuted on April 14, 1990, in the "Roberto Clemente" Coliseum of Puerto Rico. He went on to become the most popular merengue singer with some of his albums reaching diamond status. His Debut Album, "Y mas...", receive critical aclaim. With his second album, "Atado a ti" sold more than the expectations of the label and stayed at the Billboard Charts for more than 30 weeks.In 1992, his third studio album "Retorno a mis raises", went Platinum. The Single "La Gozadera" peaked at the number 7 in dominican airplay. In 1993, his fourth studio album "Amor Jollao" went Gold. In 1994, he signed with WEA Latina, followed by the release of the albums "Me olvide de vivir" (1994) and Quiero Volver a Empezar (1995). The subsequents, "Seguire" (1997) and "Exclusivo" (1998) become his highest charted albums in the United States. La Magia del Cuco, released in 1999, become his first album to be certified platinum by the RIAA, with sales over 200,000 copies. In that same year, Toño peformed at The Merengue Festival in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.In 2000, Toño 10th Studio Album "Yo soy Toño" become his best selling album to date. It was certified platinum (Latin Field) by the RIAA and sold over 250,000 copies. Also, it was nominated for Best Merengue Album at the 44th Annual Grammy Awards and Best Merengue/Bachata Album at the 2nd Annual Latin Grammy Awards. Toño en America, dropped on 2002, was moderated success and debut at  in Dominican Republic Best Selling Albums Charts. The single "Yo kuli,

masks: Toño Toño Toño


title: Toño Rosario

texts:
 Yo kula" better known as "Kulikitaca" become a massive success across Latin America

in 2004, <mask> <mask> signed a multi-album contract with Universal Latino. Also, peformed a sold out show at Altos the Chavon with Tego Calderon. In the same year, On december 7th, he released 12th studio album "Resistire", met positive reviews and it was nominated for Best Merengue/Bachata Album at the 6th Annual Latin Grammy Awards.The title track was nominated as "Tropical Airplay Song of the Year" at the 2006 Latin Billboard Music Awards. In 2006, his live album "En Vivo: El original" peaked at 5 on US Tropical Albums Chart. "A tu gusto" was released on 2007 and enter at the top 10 of Billboard Tropical Charts. In 2009, his compilation album Don't Worry Be Happy: The Best of Toño <mask> debut at 16 on Billboard Tropical Albums. In 2018, his song "Kulikitaka" became an internet sensation in the southern Indian Member State of Kerala. It became very famous and was used in numerous stage shows, video albums and even in the most famous Malayalam web series Karikku's Thera Para . In Kerala it  became famous as an African song and not as a Latin song because of a video that circulated in Whatsapp.Even small restaurants started getting named after the song in Kerala. Tono <mask> married Marilyn Brenes in 1983, at Marriage Palace, in New York City. Discography

With Los Hermanos Rosario

Studio albums
1980: ¡Vienen Acabando! 1983: Vol. 1

1984: Vol. 2

1985: Vol. 3

1987: Acabando!1988: Otra Vez! 1990: Fuera de Serie

Compilation albums
1988: Lo Mejor de los Hermanos Rosario

1989: Lo Mejor de los Hermanos Rosario Vol. 2

1993: 14 Éxitos Impressionantes

1994: Juntos Con Sus Éxitos

1997: El Disco de Oro

1998: La Historia Musical Rosario

2001: 20 Aniversario

2003: Grandes Éxitos

2005: Grandes Éxitos

masks: Toño Rosario Rosario Rosario


title: Herman Timberg

texts:
<mask> (April 18, 1891 – April 16, 1952) was a vaudevillian, actor and songwriter, a writer of sketches and dialogue for vaudeville and musicals, "active in nearly every field of show business." He was the brother of composer <mask> and uncle of the journalist <mask>. 1906 to 1929
<mask> was born April 18, 1891, to a Jewish family originating in Austria. While a teen he appeared in Gus Edwards's teenage acting troupe, "School Girls and School Boys" performing the one-act sketch comedy Primary No. 23. An unnamed critic noted that <mask> "caught exactly the flavor of the traditional Hebrew comedian...He was there with the inevitable parodies, which received the usual applause." When the show played in Chicago in 1907, a critic noted "<mask> in a Hebrew boy character displayed genuine talent that promises to place him among the coming comedians."This was confirmed by another critic who caught the group on tour at the Alhambra Theatre in Los Angeles: "<mask> is the bright particular star of the little company. The boy has developed into a real comedian, and is a great little worker, just busy all the time. His first-rate singing voice, clever dancing and natural comedy ability gives him a wide scope. <mask> never tires." Each season the Gus Edwards troop was retooled based on the talents of who was in the group at the time. By 1911, <mask> had achieved the distinction of being able to sing a solo song, "Love Me to a Yiddsha Melody." <mask>'s first solo attempt came in 1912 but was not received well.The reviewer wrote that the initial song followed by a five-minute monologue was ineffective, and suggested he drop the Jewish impersonation in favor of a characterization that could stand for "any foolish kid." The following year <mask> married Hazel Rosebloom. In addition to announcing his wedding, Variety said that <mask> was to star

masks:
Herman Timberg
Sammy Timberg
Robert Timberg
Herman Timberg
Timberg
Herman Timberg
Herman Timberg
Timberg
Timberg
Timberg
Timberg
Timberg


title: Herman Timberg

texts: in a play, Davy's Debut by Joe LeBrandt (the play was never produced). Over the course of his varied career <mask> appeared in many vaudeville acts. A 1919 notice advertises Chicken Chow Mein being produced by <mask> and playing in Brighton Beach the week of August 18, with an opening scheduled at the Palace Theatre for September 1, 1919. Beginning at least in 1920, <mask> often teamed with other performers. In 1920 he was performing "Little Bits" at the Palace, a sixteen-minute long skit with his sister Hattie Darling.A critic related that both played violins and both danced—<mask> to a Russian step and Hattie to a waltz. This was followed by <mask> doing a single dance, then both singing  an interrupted duet, followed by imitations. One critic concluded that the act was too much to function as the penultimate number of the evening. By the time the act moved to the Brighton Theatre, another critic complimented <mask> calling him a "versatile artist, doing many things, and doing them well." This critic still complained of the Yiddish accent but was happy that no Yiddish phrases were used, noting that the imitations included portrayals of Al Jolson, Lew Fields, and George M. Cohan. By 1922 he had founded the "Herman Timberg Producing Company" whose purpose was to provide financial support in return for a portion of Timberg's profits. That year he was sued by the Company whose backers included "Garry" Herrmann (a baseball magnate), Sol Gilsey, and others from Cincinnati.They asked for an accounting of receipts from his show Tick-Tack-Toe and for $40,000 which they had advanced him. As announced in Billboard, an "amicable settlement [was] expected." The He was performing in Cleveland by mid-April 1923. By May, he was back in New York City, appearing at Loew's State Theatre in New York again with his sister Hattie Darling, this time

masks: Timberg Timberg Timberg Herman Herman Timberg


title: Herman Timberg

texts:
 also with his brother Sammy. By 1924 his popularity was such that Variety was able to report that "...his comedy dances were so vociferously encored they would not allow [him] to continue with the violin." 1929 to 1952
The fall of 1929 was a significant time for <mask>. It was announced that rehearsals would begin on September 19 for his show Take It Easy written by <mask> with music composed by his brother <mask>.The show was announced to have tryouts in Brooklyn and Newark, and "may open on Broadway late next month" (that is, October). The Brooklyn Eagle announced that the show would play for one week commencing October 20, 1929. Notably, the announcement mentioned that the entire show would be broadcast over station WLTH. The Broadway production apparently never came to pass, probably due in part to the Wall Street Crash of 1929. <mask> reportedly had saved a great deal of money from stage appearances that was lost in the Crash. His subsequent career was marked by the continuation of his varied activities orbiting around performing (now usually with comic foils), writing, and occasionally producing. An exception to his stage activities was film.In 1931 he wrote and appeared in the MGM short Ambitious People. In an interview that same year he was quoted saying of a new playwright: "He knows nothing about dialogue or building up a situation. He doesn't know upstage from downstage or a border light from a fly gallery. But he knows all the dirty stories in the world." In 1933 he appeared in Laff It Off, a paired double act with his son <mask>. (later known as the comedian Tim Herbert) and with Pat Rooney and his son Pat. Jr.  Later that year, "the diminutive dance comedian" (the description given to <mask> by the New York Sun) presented a new version of his skit "The Laugh Factory" at the Metropolitan Theatre and was again

masks:
Timberg
Timberg
Sammy Timberg
Timberg
Herman Jr
Timberg


title: Herman Timberg

texts: assisted by his son <mask> Jr., along with Audrey Parker, Leo Chalzel and Oliver Harris. His June 1934 appearance at the Palace Theatre in a 53-minute act called Temptations occasioned a number of reviews.The New York Herald Tribune said that <mask> "offers in rapid succession all of the comedian's tested variety routines. "<ref>G.P., "<mask>'s Show on Palace Theatre Stage," New York Herald Tribune (Jun. 16, 1934).</ref>  But Variety was more critical: "At 53 minutes, [it] moves too slowly, though some moments go fast." The review suggested "there's too much talking and too many repetitions of the same effect, such as engaging in dialogue with more than 2 chorines." The reviewer complimented his partner, Audrey Parker, but concluded that <mask> "has a show with plenty of comedy and flash, but it needs to be broken up more with specialties." In addition to continuing his vaudeville appearances,"National, L'ville," Variety (Apr. 12, 1939) about a 1939 appearance at the National Theatre in Louisville, Kentucky.<mask> was apparently aiming for work on a complete Broadway show. In 1936 it was reported that he had been engaged by Jack Curtis and Carlteton Hoagland to adapt the London musical Yes, Madam for Broadway. Apparently nothing came of this effort. In 1946 <mask> was said to be working on a comedy for actor Hugh Herbert, "said to have a Park Avenue background." That same year there was a casting call for a play, Knickerbocker's Children authored by Ben Levinson and <mask>. Neither of these efforts appear to have come to fruition. In 1949, <mask>, "who's been on the boards for more years than he may care to admit," was appearing with the youthful Graham Sisters.As if recalling his earlier acts, Variety reported that "<mask> hasn't lost his skill at dancing or comedies and fiddling." One of his last appearances was at the Palace

masks:
Herman Timberg
Timberg
Herman Timberg
Timberg
Timberg
Timberg
Herman Timberg
Timberg
Timberg


title: Herman Timberg

texts:
 Theatre where, "nearly blind, he did an energetic turn with a femme foil which called for extremely fast movement and trick violin playing. The act was excellently received." His obituary noted that he was known for the Timberg "crawl-off," a comic maneuver in which he exited the stage crawling on all fours. At the twilight of his life <mask> was living at the Greystone Hotel at 212 West 91st Street (on Broadway) in Manhattan, New York. <mask> died on April 16, 1952 at Memorial Hospital in New York City "after a long illness." Family
<mask> married Hazel Rosenbloom on Nov. 26, 1913.Under her stage name, Hazel Rosewood, she was a dancer in shows such as those produced by Gus Edwards as well as in the Ziegfeld Follies. She had been appearing in the musical All Aboard prior to marriage. She died August 21, 1960, age 68. Survivors included two sons, Irwin and Tim Herbert (a comedian), two sisters and two brothers. <mask>'s nephew was Jesse Kaye, booking agent for the Roxy and Loews, and later head of artists and repertory for MGM Records. Another nephew is the journalist <mask>. Broadway Appearances
Information from IBDB.1908 School Days (performer)
1916 Passing Show of 1916 (performer)
1916 The Show of Wonders (composer)
1917 Doing Our Bit (composer, performer)
1917 Over the Top (additional numbers)
1920 Tick-Tack-Toe (producer, director, book, composer, lyricist)
1921: Passing Show of 1921 (actor)
1922: <mask>'s Follies (producer)
1924 Schemers (producer)
1942 You'll See Stars (director, composer, lyricist)

References

External links

 Timberg Alley, the website for the <mask> family. Stars of Vaudeville #180: <mask>

1891 births
1952 deaths
American singer-songwriters
Jewish American male actors
Jewish American comedians
20th-century American male actors
Vaudeville performers
20th-century American singers
20th-century

masks:
Timberg
Timberg
Timberg
Timberg
Robert Timberg
Herman Timberg
Timberg
Herman Timberg


title: Amédée-François Frézier

texts:
<mask> (1682 – October 26, 1773) was a French military engineer, mathematician, spy, and explorer who is best remembered for bringing back five specimens of Fragaria chiloensis, the beach strawberry, from an assignment in South America, thus introducing this New World fruit to the Old. Family history
As described by G.M. Darrow, Frézier's ancient surname was derived from fraise, the French word for strawberry. A story relates the surname is derived from the fact that Julius de Berry, a citizen of Anvers (i.e. Antwerp), was knighted by Charles the Simple in 916 for a timely gift of ripe strawberries. The Emperor gave the Fraise family (the surname was corrupted as "Frazer") three "fraises" or stalked strawberries for their coat of arms. Members of the Frazer family emigrated to Scotland as members of the retinue of the French ambassador, who had been sent by Henry I of France as a gesture of friendship to Malcolm III of Scotland, the vanquisher of Macbeth.For the services against the invading Danes, King Máel Coluim (Malcolm) rewarded the Frazers with grants of land and a coat of arms – which contained the original crest of three strawberries (see Clan Fraser). Édouard Frazer returned to France from Edinburgh around 1500 to escape Scottish political troubles, taking refuge in Amsterdam. The son of Édouard was Charles-Simon, who settled in France. Charles-Simon's descendants later settled in Savoy. Youth and education
Amédée-<mask> was born in Chambéry, Savoy, in 1682. Frézier's father, Pierre-Louis <mask>, a distinguished attorney of law, professor, and advisor to the Duke of Savoy at Chambéry, intended his son to follow him in the law. However, Frézier resisted this

masks:
Amdée François Frézier
François Frézier
Frézier


title: Amédée-François Frézier

texts:
 disagreeing with Feuillée in regards to the latter's measurement of the latitudes and longitudes of the South American coast and of the principal ports of Chile and Peru. Frézier actually pointed out several mistakes in Feuillée's Relation, which led to a bitter feud between the two travelers. Sailing aboard the St. Joseph, an armed merchant ship, for about five months, he arrived in Concepción, Chile, on June 16, 1712, after rounding Cape Horn.Passing himself off as a trader or merchant captain, he could visit the fortifications as a tourist. <mask> ingratiated himself with the Spanish Governors, and based in Concepción, sketched maps of the ports that showed the best approaches for attack, where ammunition was stored and the routes of escape, estimated the strength of the Spanish colonial governments, the state of these colonies' natives, and examined the Spanish gold and silver mines. He also reported on the operations of the Church, the physical geography and flora and fauna of the area, as well as its agricultural products – such as the species of strawberry that he would subsequently introduce to Europe. About the beach strawberry, Frézier wrote: "They there cultivate entire fields of a type of strawberry differing from ours by their rounder leaves, being fleshier and having strong runners. Its fruit are usually as large as a whole walnut, and sometimes as a small egg. They are of a whitish-red colour and a little less delicate to the taste than our woodland strawberries." Relation du voyage de la Mer du Sud
All of this was valuable information, which was immediately translated into other major European languages after its first appearance in French as Relation du


title: Amédée-François Frézier

texts:
 voyage de la mer du Sud, aux côtes du Chili, du Pérou et de Brésil, fait pendant les années 1712, 1713, et 1714.<mask>'s account of his travels in South America was published in Paris in 1716 (2d ed., enlarged, 1732). It was published in England in 1717 as A Voyage to the South-Sea, And along the Coasts of Chili and Peru, In the Years 1712, 1713, and 1714, which included a supplement by Edmund Halley. A Dutch translation appeared in Amsterdam in 1718 and a German translation appeared in Hamburg in 1718. Additional works included his Réponse au P. Feuillée, which was added to the Paris edition of 1832. Frézier also published a Lettre concernant l'histoire des tremblements de terre de Lima ("Letter concerning the history of earthquakes in Lima") (1755). Awards and return to the New World

Frézier left Concepción on February 19, 1714, and reached Marseilles on August 17. Upon his return, he was allowed to present his maps to King Louis XIV, who awarded Frézier with 1,000 écus from the royal treasury.In 1719, Frézier returned to the New World as Engineer-in-Chief to Hispaniola (Santo Domingo) on a two-year assignment to fortify the island. He made a map of the island, and also a plan of the City of Santo Domingo. He suffered from malaria there, but was only allowed to return to Europe in 1728. On his return, he received the cross of St. Louis. He was elected a member of the French Academy of Sciences in 1752. Work in Europe
Upon his return to Europe, Frézier was sent to Philippsburg and then to Landau, where he built twenty-six defense structures. Frézier wrote a work that applied the theories of architecture to practical engineering, called La Théorie et la Pratique de la


title: Megan McNamara

texts:
<mask> (born August 1, 1997 in Richmond, British Columbia) is a Canadian beach volleyball player. Along with her twin sister, Nicole McNamara, <mask> has competed in many beach volleyball events around the world. From the fall of 2015 until the spring of 2019, <mask> competed collegiately for the UCLA Bruins, leading the team to its first Pac-12 and NCAA titles in the sport during the 2018 season, and a second NCAA championship in the 2019 season. Early life and high school career

<mask> attended high school in Greater Vancouver, at South Delta Secondary School. Her first notable achievement in international beach volleyball competition was winning the bronze medal at the 2014 FIVB Beach Volleyball U19 World Championships. Three weeks later, they won the silver medal at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics after being defeated in a 3-set-final. Beach volleyball career

College experience
In 2015, <mask> became a member of UCLA Bruins beach volleyball team.She and her sister went 16-12 in dual matches on court one during the 2016 college season, leading the team to a 22-8 overall record and third place finishes in both the inaugural Pac-12 and NCAA tournaments, and fourth-place ranking nationally. During the season, she and Nicole were named Pac-12 Pair of the Week for the week of April 4, to the All-Pac-12 and Pac-12 All-Freshman First Teams, and to the AVCA Collegiate Beach All-America Team. During the 2017 season, <mask> and Nicole improved to 28-7 in dual matches, leading the Bruins to a 30-6 overall record. The team finished runner-up at the Pac-12 Beach Volleyball

masks:
Megan Norma McNamara
Megan
Megan
Megan
Megan
Megan


title: Megan McNamara

texts: Championships by a single match, but was defeated in the NCAA tournament in its third match after falling to Florida State in the Elimination Bracket. During the season, she and Nicole were named Pac-12 Pair of the Week for the weeks of March 14 and April 11. As with her freshman year, <mask> earned both All-Pac-12 First Team and AVCA All-American honors. She was named to the Pac-12 All-Academic First Team for beach volleyball following the season for her performance in the classroom her sophomore year.During the 2018 season, <mask> and Nicole went 35-7 in dual matches, leading the UCLA Bruins to a 40-4 overall record and to their first Pac-12 and NCAA championships, beating USC and Florida State, respectively. Once again, the sisters were honored as members of the All-Pac-12 First Team, and as All-Americans in the process. Additionally, the McNamara twins were named Pac-12 Pair of the Year in the week following completion of the championship. Following the season, <mask> was once again named to the Pac-12 All-Academic First Team to honor her performance in the classroom for her junior year. During the 2019 season, <mask> and Nicole went 32-4 in dual matches, leading the UCLA Bruins to a 35-3 overall record and their second consecutive NCAA championship, beating the USC in the final match. Additionally, they finished runner-up to USC at the Pac-12 championship. One final time in their collegiate careers, both sisters were honored as members of the All-Pac-12 First Team and as AVCA Collegiate All-Americans.Additionally, the McNamara twins were named Pac-12 and

masks: Megan Megan Megan Megan


title: Megan McNamara

texts:
 AVCA/CollegeBeachVB.com Pair of the Week for the week of April 2.

International competition
At the 2016 FIVB Beach Volleyball U21 World Championships, <mask> and Nicole won the bronze medal by coming back from one set down (18-21, 23-21, 15-10) against USA’s Sarah Sponcil and Torrey Van Winden in the third place match. In May 2018, <mask> and Nicole competed in their first FIVB World Tour event, the Bangkok 1 star, winning five matches and advancing to the semifinals before eventually finishing in fourth place. In early June 2018, the <mask> and Nicole won the women's competition at the 2018 Volleyball Canada NORCECA Open Beach Trials in Toronto, earning the top ranking for Canada for subsequent competition in the 2018 NORCECA Beach Volleyball Tour. Later in the month, they competed in their second FIVB World Tour event, the Singapore Open 2 star, advancing through the qualifying rounds to pool play, before barely missing out on the quarterfinal round due to point differentials. <mask> and Nicole then competed at the Die Techniker Beach Tour event in Nuremberg, earning a fifth place finish after a three-set loss to the tournament's fourth place finisher. In mid-July 2018, the McNamara twins competed at the 2018 FISU World University Beach Volleyball Championship in Munich, winning the gold medal in the championship with a three set win against Spain. Later in July, she and <mask> also competed at FIVB 3 star tour events in both Haiyang and Tokyo.In mid-August, she and her sister won the Canadian championship at the 2018 Senior Beach Nationals in Toronto, winning

masks: Megan Megan Megan Megan Megan


title: Megan McNamara

texts:
 seven total matches including a three-set win over the team of Gordon and Bukovec in the final. As a result of winning the Canadian NORCECA Open Beach Trials in June, <mask> and Nicole qualified to compete in NORCECA beach volleyball tour events later in the year. Competing at the Punta Cana (Dominican Republic) tour stop in late September, they placed second to the American team of Falyn Fonoimoana and Molly Turner. Accolades
 Champion, 2018 Senior Beach Nationals (Canada)
 Champion, 2018 WUC Beach Volleyball (representing Canada)
 2x NCAA Champion, Beach Volleyball (2018 & 2019, representing UCLA)
 4x AVCA Collegiate Beach Volleyball All-American (2016-2019)
 2018 VolleyMob All-American, Beach Volleyball
 2018 Pac-12 Pair of the Year (with Nicole McNamara)
 4x First-team All-Pac-12 (2016-2019)
 First-team Pac-12 All-Academic (2018, 2017)
 2016 Pac-12 All-Freshman First Team
 5x Pac-12 Pair of the Week (with Nicole McNamara, 2016-2019)
 2019 AVCA/CollegeBeachVB.com Pair of the Week (with Nicole McNamara, for April 2)
 Bronze Medalist, Beach Volleyball, 2016 FIVB U21 World Championships
 Silver Medalist, Beach Volleyball, 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
 Bronze Medalist, Beach Volleyball, 2014 FIVB U19 World Championships

References

External links

 <mask> (Volleyball Canada)

Living people
1997 births
Women's beach volleyball players
Canadian women's beach volleyball players
UCLA Bruins women's beach volleyball players
Beach volleyball players at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics
People from Richmond, British Columbia
Youth Olympic silver medalists for

masks:
Megan
Megan McNamara


title: Conrad Salinger

texts:
<mask> (August 30, 1901, Brookline, Massachusetts – June 17, 1962, Pacific Palisades, California) was an American arranger, orchestrator and composer, who studied classical composition at the Paris Conservatoire. He is credited with orchestrating nine productions on Broadway from 1931 to 1938, and over seventy-five motion pictures from 1931 to 1962. Film scholar Clive Hirschhorn considers him the finest orchestrator ever to work in the movies. Early in his career, film composer John Williams spent much time around <mask>. Hollywood career

During his Broadway apprenticeship <mask> first came across Johnny Green, his future MGM musical director, when they were recording motion picture overtures in the early days of sound at New York to be shown before the main features began. <mask> first came out to Hollywood in the late 1930s to work for Alfred Newman (e.g. Born to Dance and Gunga Din) and also collaborated with the famed Broadway orchestrator Robert Russell Bennett on the arrangements for Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers' 1938 dance picture Carefree.<mask> is recognized as MGM's best principal orchestrator of musicals made between 1942 and 1962. He reputedly studied mathematical musical progressions under the influential theorist Joseph Schillinger, whose other students included George Gershwin, and major Broadway/Hollywood orchestrators such as Ted Royal, Edward B. Powell, and Herbert W. Spencer. <mask> employed a somewhat smaller orchestra than usual, but nevertheless achieved a rich, elaborately constructed sound in his arrangements. The fact that the orchestra that <mask> used was smaller in size than the normal huge studio orchestra was practically

masks:
Conrad Salinger
Salinger
Salinger
Salinger
Salinger
Salinger
Salinger


title: Conrad Salinger

texts: unnoticeable, except that the quality of the orchestral sound on films that Salinger worked on seemed greatly improved, with much less distortion than was common in the days before true high fidelity. However, in Hugh Fordin's The World of Entertainment: The Freed Unit at MGM, a 1975 book dealing with the MGM musicals, composer-conductor Adolph Deutsch, who worked with <mask> on more than one film, criticized his orchestrations for the Jerome Kern 1946 biopic Till the Clouds Roll By as being "too elaborate" for a composer like Kern (a criticism that <mask> reportedly did not take well) and recounted that he stated that he would only work with <mask> on the 1951 film version of Show Boat (music by Kern) if he "simplified" his style of orchestration. (The two patched it up and did work on that film and subsequent others, receiving a joint Academy Award nomination for it.) <mask> orchestrated most of the musicals that MGM is famous for; among them, in addition to the 1951 Show Boat, were Girl Crazy (the 1943 version), Meet Me in St. Louis (1944) (which included a memorable arrangement of The Trolley Song), Anchors Aweigh (1945), the 1947 film version of Good News, Summer Holiday (1948), the 1949 film version of On the Town, the 1950 film version of Annie Get Your Gun, Singin' in the Rain (1952), the 1953 film version of Kiss Me, Kate, Seven Brides for Seven Brothers (1954), An American in Paris (1951), The Band Wagon (1953), Gene Kelly's pioneering 1956 all-ballet film Invitation to the Dance and the original film musical Gigi (1958).His lush scoring for the ballet sequences in Lerner and Loewe's Brigadoon (1954) have come to be regarded as high points of the

masks: Salinger Salinger Salinger Salinger


title: Conrad Salinger

texts:
 orchestrator's art in the Golden Age of musicals. Recognition
Although many of the films that <mask> worked on were Oscar-nominated for the adaptation of the music featured in them, according to industry practices at the time, nominations usually went to the musical directors/conductors of the music (such as Adolph Deutsch or André Previn), and not to orchestrators. Only once was <mask> nominated, for his Show Boat orchestrations. Ironically, the film An American in Paris, which <mask> also orchestrated, was nominated for the same award that year, so the two films were competing against each other in the Oscar race. But in the case of An American, the nomination went only to Johnny Green, who conducted the George Gershwin music heard in the film, and not to <mask>. Green won that year; <mask> never received an Oscar. Despite this lack of popular recognition during his lifetime, <mask> was highly regarded within the film music industry; working steadily and occasionally uncredited (e.g.The Big Country for Jerome Moross). He was content to collaborate with some of the jazzier arrangers on the lot, most frequently Skip Martin and once memorably with Nelson Riddle for High Society (1956). <mask> orchestrated for film the music of all the major popular composers of the mid-20th century, including Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Rodgers and Hart and Cole Porter. His work on the 1948 biopic Words and Music, led Richard Rodgers to publicly applaud the way their songs were orchestrated and presented. Barbra Streisand insisted on reusing his original orchestrations when they could be found and colleagues, including Stanley Donen, Debbie Reynolds, Johnny Green and

masks: Salinger Salinger Salinger Salinger Salinger Salinger Salinger


title: Conrad Salinger

texts:
 André Previn, have subsequently paid tribute to his musical abilities. <mask>'s contributions have gained wider public recognition since the 1970s with the release of the That's Entertainment! compilation films and many of the original soundtracks of his scores on compact discs.The British conductor John Wilson has also been repopularizing his work in a series of concerts and recordings featuring reconstructions of the original orchestrations of the MGM classics. Final credits
<mask> died suddenly in 1962, under disputed circumstances. The Internet Movie Database states that he had a heart attack in his sleep, but it is claimed that <mask> committed suicide. He lost his home in the 1961 Bel Air Fire, which police believe may have contributed to his despondency. The last film that he worked on was Billy Rose's Jumbo, released in 1962. It was not a big success, either critically or commercially. The film was based on a not too successful 1935 Rodgers and Hart stage musical, although the show did produce three hits, "My Romance," "Little Girl Blue," and "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World."<mask> also composed original music for film and television. Among the A-list film scores he wrote was the 1953 romantic comedy Dream Wife and the 1958 drama Lonelyhearts; some of the TV scores he worked on were those for the late 1950s series Wagon Train and Bachelor Father. References

External links

Extended article at The Robert Farnon Society

1901 births
1962 deaths
20th-century American composers
American film score composers
American music arrangers
People from Brookline, Massachusetts
American male film score composers
20th-century American male musicians
1962


title: Jinsuke Kageyama

texts:
is a Japanese psychiatrist. His specialties are criminal psychopathology, psychiatric history, clinical psychiatry and mental health studies. He is Professor Emeritus at Tokyo Institute of Technology and a winner of the Prize of the Japanese Association of Criminology (2002). Early life and education
<mask> was born in Koriyama, Fukushima Prefecture in 1948. He graduated from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University in 1972. For two years, Kageyama received psychiatric training at the University Psychiatric Clinic. Career
In his 2011 lecture at the International Congress of the Society of Criminology <mask> created, defined and proposed the terms and concepts of "Comprehensive Criminology” and “Integrative Criminology”.He pointed out that E Kraepelin's psychiatric disease concept is actually based not on disease (morbid) entity, but on disease (morbid) form. <mask> reformulated H Ey's psychiatric integrated theory Organo-dynamism as Organo-psychodynamism, which was the basis of the “Integrative Anthropology” and “Psychiatric Treatment Integration” (PTI) that Kageyama proposed. Other new concepts formulated by Kageyama include “Empathy Based Medicine (Psychiatry)" which emphasizes the important significance of “Triple E’s” (Evidence, Ethics and Empathy based medicine / psychiatry). <mask> <mask> summarized his main works on violent and juvenile crime in Japan as follows:
Era of “Egopathy” (Pathology of Self) and “Modern Type Crime”; “Empty Self” and Crime of “Self-Affirmation (Self-Validation)”
 Violent Crimes in Japan; decrease and qualitative changes
 The homicide rate and the rates for violent crimes of various

masks:
Jinsuke Kageyama
Jinsuke Kageyama
Kageyama
Jinsuke
Kageyama


title: Jinsuke Kageyama

texts:
 kinds have declined (Kageyama J, 1987). The remarked decreasing homicide rate in modern Japan could be caused mainly by the warless period of Japan without conscription for more than 60 years (Kageyama J, 2000). Crime of “Self-Affirmation (Self-Validation)” Type (qualitative changes)
 Taking into account the various trends and characteristics of recent crimes, the author has come up with his own naming for a model fitting the patterns, namely the “self-affirmation” or “self-validation” model. What the author means by this term is that by committing such actions, the individuals try to affirm or reaffirm their own existence to society or validate their own power.The author believes that such crimes are rooted in these motives whose underlying psychological background is “Egopathy (pathology of the self)” or the “Empty Self”. These kinds of crimes occur in “postindustrial society, or the age of what Toffler refers to as the “third wave”. Or we might also call it the “information society” or “cyber society”. <mask> has published many papers and books on criminal psychopathology; political assassination (“Assassinology”), mass murder, alcohol crime, harassment, filicide，mentally disordered offenders etc. As a psychiatric expert, he has conducted more than 900 forensic examinations. His studies include the history of psychiatry and he has published books on the European, French and German history of psychiatry. Academic posts
In 1974 he was assistant at Department of Criminal Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University.From 1978 to 1979, overseas researcher of Ministry of Education


title: Jinsuke Kageyama

texts:
 Kongoh-shuppan, Tokyo, 2000
Kageyama J: New Type of Modern Crime: “Post-Nobita Syndrome”. (in Japanese) Kawadeshobosinsha, Tokyo, 2000
Kageyama J: New Type of Modern Crime: d“Self-Validation Type”.(in Japanese) Kohdansha, Tokyo, 2001
Kageyama J: Criminal Psychopothology; Its Practice and Development. (in Japanese) Kongoh-shuppan, Tokyo, 2010
Kageyama J: Works on Criminology and History of Psychiatry. (in Japanese) vol.1, Kongoh-shuppan,  Tokyo, 2015
Kageyama J: Works on Criminology and History of Psychiatry. (in Japanese) vol.2, Kongoh-shuppan, Tokyo, 2017

Articles

Kageyama J: Emotional Acts under Alcohol Intoxications. Act. Crim. Japon 41: 206-216, 1975
Kageyama J, Nakata O: Alcohol Intoxication and Suicide (cases of attempted suicide under abnormal alcohol intoxication and consideration on the problem of mechanisms of aggression's inward turning)　Act.Crim. Japon 48: 38-40, 1982
Kageyama J, Yamagami A and Nakata O: Characteristics of stimulant drug abuse prisoners with advanced criminality: psychiatric study. Bull. Crim. Res. Dept. 26: 17-22, 1983 *Kageyma J: Sur l’histoire de la monomania.L’évolution psychiatrique 49: 155-162, 1984
Kageyama J: A Case Report of Capgras Syndrome Observed in Glue-Sniffing-Induced Psychosis (Parricide). Act. Crim. Japon 45:131-132,1985. *Kageyama J: Cases and Statistical Study on Mass Murder. Act. Crim.Japon 53: 170-183, 1987
<mask> J, Ishii T and Nakata O: Aggression and Drinking. Act. Crim. Japon 55: 267-272, 1989
Kageyama J: Comparative Study of Assassination Among Japan, Europe and America(USA). Act. Crim. Japon 56: 78-85, 1990
<mask> J and Ishii T: Comparions of Pre- and

masks: Kageyama Kageyama


title: Jinsuke Kageyama

texts:
 Postwar Suicide and Homicide Rates in Japan -Aggression and Social Problem-.Act. Crim. Japon 63: 122-132, 1997
<mask> J, Ishii T and Hasegawa: Ａ Statistical Study on Mentally Disordered Offenders -Comparison among Substance Dependent and Functional Psychotic Offenders-. Act. Crim. Japon 64: 10-21, 1998
<mask> J, Ishii T, Hasegawa N, Saito K and Kusaka K: The Nature and Diurinal Variation of Criminal Acts Committed by Patients with Mood disorders. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 23: 53-59, 2000
<mask> J: Juvenile Crime and Its Psychology.Foreign Press Center, 2000
Kageyama J: Juvenile violent Crime in Japan and “Self-Validation Type”. Bulletin of Health Service Center of Tokyo Tech. 31: 59-65, 2004
Kageyama J: Harassment; Psychopathology and practical classification. (in Japanese) Mind Science 122 (7): 6-15, 2005
Kageyama J: Multiple Murder (Multicide) -Actuality and Future-. Act. Crim. Japon 74: 166-181, 2008
Kageyama J: New Type of Modern Crime; “Nobita syndrome” and “Self-Validation Type”.Journal of the Japan Society of Applied Science 21: 19-36, 2007
<mask> J: Harassment; New Modern Crime -Basic Point of View, Configurative Structure and Criminalization-. Act. Crim. Japon 75: 147-157, 2009
Yasumi K and <mask> J: Filicide and fatal abuse in Japan, 1994-2005: Temporal trends and regional distribution. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 16: 70-75, 2009
Kageyama J: Prevention of Primary Crime by Mentally Disordered Persons. Act. Crim.Japon 76: 130-133, 2010

References

1948 births
Living people
Japanese psychiatrists
Tokyo Medical and Dental University alumni
Tokyo Institute of Technology

masks: Kageyama Kageyama Kageyama Kageyama Kageyama


title: Julian Moti

texts:
<mask> (2 June 1965 – 21 December 2020) QC CSI was the Attorney General of the Solomon Islands. He was born in Fiji and educated in Australia. Moti worked as an adjunct professor of law at Bond University on Australia's Gold Coast from 1992, and taught comparative constitutional law, public and private international law, transnational litigation and arbitration, international trade, and finance and investment in Australasia and the Pacific. He was the founding president of the Pacific Islands Branch of the International Law Association (ILA), served on the ILA Committee on Compensation for Victims of War and has been a visiting professorial fellow at the Centre for Law and Governance at Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, India, and a visiting professor at Gujarat National Law University in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Controversial allegation of child sex offence

<mask>, an Australian citizen, has been wanted in Australia for serious alleged overseas child sex offences. He has been at the centre of an international dispute following efforts by the Australian Government to extradite him from both Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands to face charges in relation to an incident alleged to have taken place in Vanuatu in 1997. The proceedings involved a number of distinguished visiting judges: John Von Doussa, now the president of Australia's Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission, Bruce Robertson, the president of the New Zealand Law Commission, and Daniel Fatiaki,  former Chief Justice of Fiji.The Australian lawyer, journalist and biographer David Marr cites that the original charges against <mask> had been thrown out of court and considerable legal costs were ordered to be paid as the magistrate ruled that he had no case to answer, although he also quotes suggestions that the magistrate was corrupt. The magistrate in question, denies the accusation in an affidavit. Marr also, however, points out numerous "serious weaknesses" in the case against Mr <mask>, including
six disturbing statements [the complainant] made over ... four months. All are in English, though it appears she only spoke French. None was in her own

masks:
Julian Ronald Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti


title: Julian Moti

texts:
 writing. None was sworn. The underlying story doesn't change from statement to statement, but details are contradictory.Others appear fanciful. She claimed he had three testicles, but Port Vila GP Dr Frank Spooner would later examine <mask> and concluded he had two.... Dates are changed; at one stage she withdrew her allegations entirely, then renewed them a few weeks later saying her previous statement was 'not of my own free will' and asked police to investigate. In several statements she described being beaten and raped by Moti but in others that she loved him. 'I wanted to say that I love <mask> very much,' she stated in March 1998. 'He is a reach [rich] man he can take me anywhere I wanted and this is my belief of my future with <mask> because he is so kind....'

In October 2008, The Australian Newspaper reported that Vanuatu magistrate Bruce Kalotiti, who heard the case against Moti in 1999, had been bribed by Moti to dismiss the case in exchange for <mask>'s paying for Kalotiti to study at the University of Western Sydney. The report cited university records and evidence obtained by the Australian Federal Police in September 2004.Kalotiti resigned from the bench as a result of the allegations and the evidence which supported them, gathered at the request of the Vanuatu government. Escape from Papua New Guinea to Solomon Islands

After his arrest in Papua New Guinea in September 2006, <mask> was released on bail pending an extradition hearing, but went into hiding in the Solomon Islands High Commission in Port Moresby. (He later claimed that his life had been threatened, and so sought sanctuary.) The Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands Governments denied knowledge of his whereabouts, but on 10 October he was secretly flown aboard a Papua New Guinea Defence Force aircraft to Solomon Islands where he was arrested by officers of RAMSI on his arrival in Munda, Western Province. When he left PNG, <mask> was in breach of the bail conditions imposed by Madam Justice Catherine Davani of the PNG National Court, and had failed to appear at a PNG court hearing on 30 September. The PNG Government declined to say who in the PNG Defence

masks:
Moti
Julian Moti
Julian
Moti
Moti
Moti


title: Julian Moti

texts: Force or Government had given the order to fly <mask> out. In response, the Australian Government immediately cancelled planned visits by the PNG Prime Minister, Grand Chief the Right Honourable Sir Michael Somare, and Defence Minister Martin Aini, and postponed the annual Australia-PNG Ministerial Forum, and called for an investigation into the flight and prosecution of whoever was responsible.A PNG Defence Force Board of Inquiry into the escape has since recommended that Sir Michael Somare and a number of his advisers be charged with offences in relation to the escape, including breaching PNG's constitution. Somare has sought to suppress the Inquiry's report, challenging the Inquiry's standing in PNG's National Court. As yet the Court has not ruled on the validity of Somare's challenge to the public release of the Commission of Inquiry's findings, with the presiding judge likening Somare's attempts to suppress the findings of the report as a scandal on par with Watergate. The Howard government in Canberra insisted that in its pursuit of Moti there is no political agenda with respect to ongoing issues between it and the Solomon's government of Manasseh Sogavare, while Prime Minister Sogavare insisted that <mask>'s arrest constituted a violation of Solomon Islands' national sovereignty, and Mr <mask> himself has described the charges as a politically motivated "witch-hunt". Sogavare faced much criticism from the former Howard government for his refusal to allow the extradition of <mask>. Sogavare and Sir Michael Somare stated that they considered that the Australian Government were politically persecuting Moti and that a new trial was uncalled for as the issue was "unconditionally concluded in Vanuatu in 1999" and the Australian government had failed to produce any new evidence to justify an extradition. On 10 July 2007, the then-Prime Minister Sogavare appointed <mask> as Attorney General of the Solomon Islands.The Government of SI subsequently sent 666 questions to Australian Director of Public Prosecutions, Damian Bugg , regarding the affair. The 666 questions can now be read online. Extradition from the Solomon Islands to

masks: Moti Moti Moti Moti Moti


title: Julian Moti

texts:
 Australia
In December 2007, Solomon Islands Prime Minister Sogavare was toppled in a vote of no confidence. It has been suggested that Sogavare's refusal to extradite <mask> was the main cause of the Prime Minister's downfall. Opposition leader Fred Fono promised in November that Mr <mask> would be extradited if the opposition came to power. The Fiji Times suggested that Mr <mask> might then flee to Fiji. After Derek Sikua was elected prime minister later in December, he said that Mr <mask> would be deported to Australia.On 24 December, it was reported that <mask>'s position as attorney general had been terminated by the Sikua government, and that he faced a deportation order. <mask> appealed unsuccessfully to the Solomon Islands High Court to halt the extradition process. Prime Minister Sir Michael Somare of Papua New Guinea at this point has reportedly "threatened local media with contempt of court over their calls for the official release of the PNG Defence Force Inquiry report that recommends he faces charges" and Somare reportedly does not now support Mr <mask>. It does not yet reliably appear that any untoward payment has been made to Somare for his alleged part in <mask>'s passage through Papua New Guinea. On 27 December, Mr <mask>  was extradited to Australia and was arrested on arrival. On 4 January 2008 <mask> was granted bail, set at A$100,000, with the conditions that he report to police daily, reside with his parents, and, surrender his passport, (travel documents) within 7 days, matter to be heard again on 15 February 2008. On 14 March 2008, <mask>'s lawyers asked for more time to prepare for his committal hearing, with the matter adjourned by the Court until April.On 2 January 2008, former prime minister Manasseh Sogavare stated that <mask>'s extradition had violated a Magistrate Court order which had aimed at halting the extradition process while <mask>'s asylum application was processed. Sogavare said the arrest and extradition were "an example of the continuing disregard of the laws of Solomon Islands", and claimed that they demonstrated  a "desire to control" on the part of 's Australian Federal Police and the

masks:
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Moti
Julian Moti


title: Julian Moti

texts:
 Royal Solomon Islands Police. Later that month, the Solomon Islands government declared <mask> to be a "prohibited immigrant", and explained that he would not be allowed back into the Solomons (for as long as the Sikua government remains in office), irrespective of whether or not his name is cleared in Australia. Stay of indictment
On 15 December 2009 Justice Debra Mullins of the Queensland Supreme Court ruled that there had been an abuse of process and stayed the indictment against <mask>. She held that "questions about the integrity of the administration of the Australian justice system [arise] when witnesses who live in a foreign country, expected to be fully supported by the Australian Government until they gave evidence at the trial in Australia." The stay was set aside by the Queensland Court of Appeal in June 2010. In December 2011, the High Court of Australia ordered a stay of charges, ruling that Australian officials' participation in <mask>'s extradition from the Solomons had been unlawful under Solomon Islands law.Summarising its ruling, the court said: "Further prosecution of the charges would be an abuse of process because of the role that Australian officials in Mr <mask> being deported to Australia". This was a permanent stay of prosecution putting an end to all court proceedings against <mask>; the ruling was a majority decision of six judges to one. Manasseh Sogavare stated, in response to the ruling: "I am so pleased. This matter has hung like a dark cloud over me and my government. This decision has vindicated me". Mr <mask> regained his Fijian citizenship in 2012. He was admitted as a legal practitioner in Fiji on Monday 24 June 2013.In September, he was appointed Professor of Law at the University of Fiji. References

1965 births
2020 deaths
Fijian people of Indian descent
Australian lawyers
Australian people of Indian descent
Solomon Islands politicians
Attorneys general
People extradited to Australia
People extradited from the Solomon Islands
Australian people of Indo-Fijian descent
Solomon Islands people of Indo-Fijian descent
Fijian emigrants to Australia
Jawaharlal Nehru University faculty
Bond University

masks: Moti Moti Moti Moti Moti Moti


title: Friedrich August Burgmüller

texts:
<mask> (3 May 1760 – 21 August 1824) was a German pianist, Kapellmeister and conductor as well as the first municipal music director in Düsseldorf and co-founder of the Lower Rhenish Music Festival. He is the father of the composers <mask> and Norbert Burgmüller. Life and work

Burgmüller was born on 3 May 1760 in Magdeburg and baptized on 6 May with the names "<mask>". In the older literature the first names are also "<mask>" or "<mask>", the latter in most handwritten sources. He himself signed mostly briefly "<mask>üller". His father was Johann Christian Burgmüller (1734-1776), organist at the Magdeburger Dom, who taught him how to play the piano. From 1783 Burgmüller studied in Leipzig and Erfurt, but dropped out in 1785 and went from Erfurt to Weimar to the theatre troupe of the principal Joseph Bellomo (real name Joseph Edler von Zambiasi, 1752/54-1833).Burgmüller worked there as Kapellmeister, but also as an actor, and composed a Singspiel and stage music for the troupe. Already in autumn 1786 he changed to <mask> Wilhelm Großmann and his co-director Christian Wilhelm Klos at their newly founded theater company ato Cologne with which he also gave guest performances in Düsseldorf and Bonn. At last Klos led the company alone and led it into bankruptcy in July 1788 in Aachen. From this outstanding ensemble emerged the so-called Bonner Nationaltheater, which was subsidized by Elector Maximilian Franz with 15,000 Reichstalers annually and opened on January 3, 1789. Together with other members of the Klosschen Troupe - including Christiane Keilholz, Carl Demmer, Joseph Lux, Johann Baptist Spitzeder and Heinrich Vohs - Burgmüller

masks:
Friedrich August Burgmller
Friedrich Burgmller
Anton Friedrich
Friedrich August
Johann August Franz
August Bm
Gustav Friedrich


title: Friedrich August Burgmüller

texts:
 also went to Bonn and became Kapellmeister there. His theatre orchestra consisted mainly of musicians from the Bonn court orchestra, among them the 18-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven, who played viola. Beethoven obviously hoped that Burgmüller would perform his Cantata on the Death of Emperor Joseph II WoO 87, because he wrote to the Hofkammerrat August von Schall on 16 June 1790:

The whimsical letter still contains numerous news from Bonn's cultural life, but even in Bonn Burgmüller did not endure long.In the same year he moved to the Nationaltheater in Mainz. After the French occupation of the city in 1792 he went to Düsseldorf where he settled as a piano teacher. Here he met his pupil and later wife Therese von Zandt. When in October 1794 Düsseldorf was also occupied by the French, he lost sight of her again for many years. <mask> fled again to Mainz and took over the musical direction of various acting troupes around <mask> Hunnius and Johann Ludwig Büchner. With the two troupes he also played in Aachen, Cologne and Düsseldorf. Due to a search advertisement published by Therese von Zandt in the Leipzig newspaper Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung on 9 November 1803, Burgmüller left the Rhineland and travelled to Regensburg in August 1804, where he saw his former fiancée again and married on 13 May 1805.On the recommendation of the Privy Councillor Karl Christian Ernst von Bentzel-Sternau, Burgmüller was appointed Music director of the newly built Theater Regensburg. In addition he founded the first German drama school there, decisively supported by the influential Elector and Reich Chancellor Karl Theodor von Dalberg. Burgmüller's

masks:
Burgmüller
Friedrich Wilhelm


title: Friedrich August Burgmüller

texts:
 move to Regensburg can presumably be explained by the fact that Therese's father had done everything in his power to break the liaison with the musician, so that the two could only live together in "exile". Half a year after his last festival leadership in Düsseldorf, 1822, he was dismissed for inexplicable reasons by the theatre directors Josef Derossi and Wolf, which led to severe financial losses for Burgmüller, as a result of which he fell seriously ill. He did not recover from this suffering and finally died on 21 August 1824. He was buried at the . After his death a benefit concert was organized in favour of his family.The people of Düsseldorf thanked him afterwards in 1949 for his merits with a new grave plate and the inscription: "Städtischer Musikdirektor <mask> Burgmüller, founder of the Niederrheinischen Musikfeste, 1760-1824". His two sons <mask>üller and Norbert Burgmüller also became respected pianists and composers, with Norbert becoming the more talented and successful musician despite his short life and following in his father's footsteps. He also played an outstanding role in the Düsseldorf music scene. Burgmülller died in Düsseldorf at the age of 64. Work
 Drama music to Macbeth, Weimar 1785, (lost)
 Das hätt ich nicht gedacht (libretto: <mask> Vulpius), Singspiel, Weimar 1785/86, verschollen
 Ariette In questa tomba oscura (text Giuseppe Carpani), ca. 1805
 Vier Gesänge (ext: Theodor von Haupt), ca. 1818
 Frühlingslüftchen, Düsseldorf: Comtoir der National-Industrie, um 1818 (Numerised)
 Cantate zur Feier des fünfzigjährigen Amts-Jubiläums des Herren Pfarrers und Consistorialraths Hartmann in Düsseldorf am

masks:
Friedrich August
Friedrich Burgm
Christian August


title: Friedrich August Burgmüller

texts:
 17.Oktober 1823 / von J. F. Wilhelmi. Musik von Burgmüller. Düsseldorf: Dänzer, 1823 (Numersied libretto)

References

Further reading

 K. Wachter, Actenstücke, betr. den Musicdirector Burgmüller (1812). In Beiträge zur Geschichte des Niederrheins. Jahrbuch des Düsseldorfer Geschichtsvereins, volume 4 (1889),
 Klaus Martin Kopitz, Der Düsseldorfer Komponist Norbert Burgmüller. Ein Leben zwischen Beethoven – Spohr – Mendelssohn, Kleve 1998
 Klaus Tischendorf, Was in der Dinge Lauf jetzt missklingt, tönt einst in ewigen Harmonien."Der Düsseldorfer Städtische Musikdirektor <mask>üller als Begleiter der Sängerin Angelica Catalani. In Düsseldorfer Jahrbuch. Beiträge zur Geschichte des Niederrheins, Volume 71 (2001),
 Matthias Nagel, Stationen eines Unermüdlichen. <mask>, der erste Musikdirektor des Regensburger Theaters. In Mälzels Magazin. Zeitschrift für Musikkultur in Regensburg, Jg. 7, No 4 from Oct.– to Dec. 2004,  (Numerised)
 Klaus Martin Kopitz, <mask>üller als Lehrer des Leipziger Musikästhetikers <mask> Michaelis.Eine Miszelle zur Beethoven-Biographie. In Nota Bene Norbert Burgmüller. Studien zu einem Zeitgenossen von Mendelssohn and Schumann, edited by Tobias Koch and Klaus Martin Kopitz, Dohr, Cologne 2009,

External links
 Grabtafel Friedrich August Burgmüller
 Städtischer Musikverein zu Düsseldorf e.V. – Lebenslauf: Geschichte – Daten – Episoden

German classical pianists
Male classical pianists
19th-century classical pianists
18th-century German composers
18th-century male musicians
19th-century German composers
German Freemasons
German conductors (music)
1760 births
1824 deaths
Musicians from Magdeburg
19th-century

masks:
August Burgm
August Burgmller
August Bm
Christian Friedrich


title: Leonard Greene

texts:
<mask> (June 8, 1918 – November 30, 2006) was an American inventor and aerodynamics engineer who held more than 200 patents, many of which are aviation-related. He is most well known for his contributions to aviation technology, including his invention, the Aircraft Stall Warning device, which warns pilots when a deadly aerodynamic stall is imminent. To build the device, <mask> established the Safe Flight Instrument Corporation in 1946. Apart from his inventive life, <mask> also served as the founder and president of the Institute for Socioeconomic Studies, a think tank to address issues such as poverty and social awareness. Additionally, he co-founded the Corporate Angel Network, a charitable organization that flies patients in corporate aircraft. In 1991, he was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. <mask> died on November 30, 2006 at the age of 88 in Mamaroneck, New York.The cause was complications from lung cancer. Early life & family
<mask><mask> was born in New York City on June 8, 1918. <mask>, his chemist father, and Lyn Furman <mask>, his artist mother, encouraged their son to create his own toys. His parents made him a gift of their old stove, which he could take apart. <mask> experienced poverty as a youth during the Depression and never forgot it. When <mask> was 16, his father had passed away. <mask> first married Beverly Kaufman, with whom he had three children; this, however, ended in divorce.Then, he adopted four children of his second wife, Phyllis Saks <mask>, with whom he had another child. Phyllis Saks <mask>, an heiress of the Saks Fifth Avenue

masks:
Leonard Michael Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene
Leonard M
. Greene
Max Greene
Greene
Greene
Leonard
Greene
Greene
Greene


title: Leonard Greene

texts:
 department store family, died in 1965. <mask>’s third marriage was to Joyce Teck Meller in 1967, which also ended up in divorce in 2005. A son from the second marriage, <mask>, died September 11, 2001, abroad United Airlines Flight 93 when it crashed in Pennsylvania. Education
<mask> graduated in 1938 from the City College of New York with a B.S. in Chemistry, and went on to receive a M.S. in aeronautical engineering.He received a pilot’s license at the age of 19 and later did postgraduate work in aeronautics at the Guggenheim School of Aeronautics at New York University. In 1977, he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Civil Law honoris causa by Pace University. Inventions

Aviation & safe flight instruments

Stall Warning Device
During World War II, <mask> joined the Grumman Aircraft Corporation in Bethpage, NY, as an aerodynamicist and engineering test pilot. There he witnessed an aircraft crash caused by stall. In aviation, a stall occurs when the airflow over the wings is no longer sufficient to provide lift – essentially, a stalled wing ceases to function. This happens when the wing exceeds its critical angle of attack. <mask> realized that the accident could have been avoided if the pilot had been warned of an imminent stall.Aerodynamic stalls caused the majority of aviation deaths at the time. In the mid-1940s, <mask> developed the first practical way to warn the pilot of the aerodynamic stall. His first design and apparatus included threaded bolts, a bicycle horn and other odd components, all powered by flashlight batteries. <mask> filed his device for a patent in 1944, and

masks:
Greene
Donald Greene
Leonard Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene
Greene


title: Leonard Greene

texts:
 the patent was issued in 1949. In order to develop his design, <mask> founded the Safe Flight Instrument Corporation in White Plains, NY, in 1946. There, he refined and marketed the stall warning indicator. Basically, his device sounded an alert when the plane was in danger of not having enough lift to stay flying.This alert would allow time for the pilot to take corrective measures. Since its invention, this device became standard equipment for all aircraft and has also helped reduce the number of accidents due to stalling. The Stall Warning Indicator was called “the greatest lifesaver since the invention of the parachute”[14] by the Saturday Evening Post and the device received the Flight Safety Foundation’s first Air Safety Award. Automatic Throttle System & Wind Shear Warning System
After developing the Stall Warning Device, <mask> continued developing aviation inventions. He and his engineering staff at Safe Flight went on to conceive devices now commonplace in aircraft, including an automatic throttle system in 1956 and a wind-shear warning system that warns a pilot if an aircraft enters a dangerous microburst and provides escape guidance. He developed the latter in the late 1970s after a series of wind-shear-related crashes that claimed hundreds of lives. Supersonic aircraft
In his 2001 book Inventorship: The Art of Innovation, <mask> described finding "creative ideas in the simplest things."8 To address a key problem of supersonic aircraft – window-shattering sonic booms when they break the sound barrier – he turned to the earthworm for inspiration. Just as an earthworm

masks: Greene Greene Greene


title: Leonard Greene

texts:
 eats and excretes the earth to move past mounds of dirt, he figured a supersonic aircraft's deafening boom is caused from its inability to move air out of its way fast enough to avoid external shock waves. He patented a device, sold to Boeing in 1994, that would use a hollow fuselage and strategically placed ducts to suck in, compress, and then release air through a plane's tail. Outcome
Today, his firm supplies unique air safety and performance technology to virtually every major air carrier, the U.S. Armed Forces, and aircraft manufacturers worldwide. Safe Flight products are installed on over two-thirds of the world’s aircraft – in the general aviation, commercial, and military sectors. Safe Flight made <mask> a multimillionaire. He remained involved in the business until his death and as recently as 1998 co-patented and marketed an airborne power line detector and warning system for helicopters.Non-aviation interests
While running Safe Flight, <mask> received dozens of patents for his varied interests; many of them went un-marketed. They included a three-dimensional chess game, a device to aid blind painters by using musical notes to identify colors, and an instrument of revenge against telemarketers who interrupted dinner. When a pitchman called, the harassed resident could press a code that alerted the marketer that he would be liable for a surcharge for continuing the call. Policy and charitable work

Institute for Socioeconomic Studies
As a successful businessman, <mask> implemented innovative employment policies, barring mandatory retirement age, actively recruiting the

masks:
Leonard Greene
Greene
Greene


title: Leonard Greene

texts:
 differently abled, and providing profit sharing at his own manufacturing facility. Seeking a broader forum and greater impact for his ideas, in 1974 he founded and financed the Institute for Socioeconomic Studies (ISES), a small policy research organization in White Plains, NY, that helped advance his ideas on welfare reform, health care, tax reform – and after <mask>’s son was killed in the September 11 attacks in 2001 – foreign affairs. According to Ostergren, who worked with Green at ISES, “He didn’t consider himself a Republican or Democrat, conservative or liberal,”13 but searched for practical solutions to problems that intrigued him. He advocated a national tax rebate – $12,000 for any family of four, regardless of income, for instance – to alleviate poverty.<mask> criticized the Great Society anti-poverty programs of the 1960s as ineffective, a waste of taxpayer dollars, and a disincentive to work. He has also made his mark as a social activist, having designed a plan to transform the federal social budget to provide greater income security, middle class tax relief, and market incentives for productivity growth. In pursuit of these interests, <mask> was a member of both the Special Committee on Welfare & Income Maintenance and the Council on Trends & Perspectives of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. He also served as a member in the Income Maintenance Committee of the Community Service Society and the Work Group on Welfare Reform of the Task Force on the New York City fiscal crisis. Corporate Angel Network
In 1981, <mask>, whose second wife died of cancer, helped start and

masks: Greene Greene Greene Greene


title: Leonard Greene

texts:
 finance Corporate Angel Network (CAN), a charitable organization which arranges free transportation on corporate jets for cancer patients. This organization has 500 participating corporations who generously offer their empty seats to cancer patients. CAN flies more than 2,500 cancer patients a year.To date, the organization has flown more than 50,000 patients to treatment centers nationwide. <mask> flew the first Corporate Angel Network Flight on December 22, 1981, when he brought a 16-year-old cancer patient home to Detroit who had just received treatment in New York City. Sailing
An avid sailor, <mask> became a technical adviser to several America's Cup races before buying two-time winner Courageous from Ted Turner in the early 1980s. Sailing under the aegis of the Yale Corinthian Yacht Club, the only undergraduate sailing club ever to participate, the Courageous Syndicates 1986 run at the Cup spearheaded <mask>'s campaign to restore the Corinthian ideals of amateur sportsmanship to the competition, and more broadly, to team sports in general. Despite several of <mask>'s modifications to the keel, the boat's age remained a problem, and his team withdrew during the 1986 competition. Following the 1997 donation of Courageous to the Museum of Yachting in Newport, RI, the famed 12-meter was named Rhode Island's State Yacht. Awards and achievements
Private Sector Initiative Commendation of the President of the United States (1982 and 1984)
National Inventors Hall of Fame (1991)
Senator John H. Glenn Jr., a former astronaut, inducted <mask> into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in

masks: Greene Greene Greene Greene Greene