title: M. N. Roy

texts:
 independence movement. According to <mask>, a victory for Germany and the Axis powers would have resulted in the end of democracy worldwide and India would never be independent. In his view India could win her independence only in a free world.On the other hand, Subhas Chandra Bose took the stance that The enemy of my enemy is my friend, leading him to seek alliances with Axis powers. Escaping house-arrest and India, Bose formed the Azad Hind Provisional Indian Government in Exile and allied with the Japanese, bringing the Indian National Army to India's doorstep. Sensing India's independence to be a post-war reality following the defeat of the Axis powers and the weakening of the British Empire, <mask> wrote a series of articles in Independent India on the economic and political structures of new India, even presenting a concrete ten-year plan, and drafting a Constitution of Free India (1944). <mask> in his philosophy devised means to ensure human freedom and progress. Remembering Bagha Jatin who "personified the best of mankind", <mask> worked "for the ideal of establishing a social order in which the best in man could be manifest." In 1947, he elaborated his theses into a manifesto, New Humanism, expected to be as important as the Communist Manifesto by <mask> a century earlier. Death and legacy

A lecture tour to the United States was to be suspended, as <mask> died on 25 January 1954.Beginning in 1987, Oxford University Press began the publication of the Selected Works of M.N<mask>. A total of 4 volumes were published through

masks:
Roy
Roy
Roy
Roy
Marx
Roy
. Roy


title: M. N. Roy

type: original

texts:
 1997, gathering <mask>'s writings through his prison years. Project editor Sibnarayan Ray died in 2008, however, and the <mask> works publishing project was therefore prematurely terminated. The house he lived in during his time in Mexico City is now a private nightclub that bears his name, <mask><mask>. Noted personalities like T. M. Tarkunde, Govardhandas Parekh, V. B. Karnik, Sunil Bhattacharya, B. R. Sunthankar, Saleel Wagh, V. R. Jawahire and Dr. <mask> Taralekar were influnced by M. N<mask> and his philosophy.Footnotes

Bibliography
 Note: Adapted from "A Checklist of the Writings of <mask><mask>" in M.N<mask>'s Memoirs. Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1984; pp. 607–617. La voz de la India (The Voice of India). Mexico City: n.p., n.d. [c. 1917].La India: Su Pasado, Su Presente y Su Porvenir (India: Its Past, Its Present, and Its Future). Mexico City: n.p., 1918. Indien (India). Hamburg: Verlag der Kommunistischen Internationale, 1922. India in Transition. With Abani <mask>. Geneva: J.B. Target, 1922.What Do We Want? Geneva: J.B. Target, 1922. One Year of Non-Cooperation from Ahmedabad to Gaya. With <mask>. Calcutta: Communist Party of India, 1923. —Imprint probably fictitious. India's Problem and Its Solution.n.c.: n.p., n.d. [c. 1923]. Political Letters. Zurich: Vanguard Bookshop, 1924. —Alternate title: Letters to Indian Nationalists. Cawnpore Conspiracy Case: An Open Letter to the Rt. Hon. J.R<mask>.London: Indian Defence Committee, 1924. The Aftermath of Non-Cooperation: Indian Nationalism and Labour Politics. London:

masks:
Roy
Roy
M N
. Roy
Nalini
. Roy
M N
. Roy
. Roy
Mukherji
Evelyn Roy
. MacDonald


title: M. N. Roy

texts: Communist Party of Great Britain, 1926. The Future of Indian Politics. London: R. Bishop [Communist Party of Great Britain], 1926. Our Task in India. n.c.: Bengal Committee of the Revolutionary Party of the Indian Working Class, n.d. [c. 1932]."I Accuse!" : From the Suppressed Statement of <mask> <mask> <mask> on Trial for Treason before Sessions Court, Cawnpore, India. New York: Roy Defense Committee of India, 1932. —Title of unexpurgated Indian edition: My Defence. Congress at Crossroads, by a Congressman (<mask><mask>). Bombay: Independence of India League, [c. 1934].On Stepping Out of Jail. Bombay: V.B. Karnik, n.d. [c. 1936]. Letters by M.N<mask> to the Congress Socialist Party, Written in 1934. Bombay: Renaissance Publishing Co., 1937. The Historical Role of Islam: An Essay on Islamic Culture.Bombay: Vora, 1937. Presidential Address of M.N<mask>, United Provinces Youths' Conference, 29 and 30 May 1937, Sitapur. Bombay: R.D<mask>, n.d. [1937]. Materialism and Spiritualism: Presidential Address of M.N<mask> at the 3rd Session of the Madras Presidency Radical Youths' Conference, Held at Madras on 25 July 1937.Bombay: R.D<mask>, n.d. [1937]. My Crime. Bombay: Ramesh D<mask>, n.d. [c. 1937]. The Russian Revolution: A Review and the Perspective. Calcutta: D.M. Library, n.d. [c. 1937].Presidential Address of Com. M.N<mask>, First Rajputana-Central India Students' Conference, Benwar, 1 and 2 January 1938. Bombay: n.p., n.d. [1938]. All-India Sugar Mill Workers' Conference, Gorakhpur, Held on 30 April and 1 May 1938: Presidential

masks:
Manabendra
Nath
Roy
M N
. Roy
. Roy
. Roy
. Nadkarni
. Roy
. Nadkarni
. Nadkarni
. Roy


title: M. N. Roy

texts: Address by <mask> <mask> <mask>. Gorakhpur: n.p., n.d. [1938]. Fascism: Its Philosophy, Professions and Practice.Calcutta: D.M. Library, 1938. On the Congress Constitution. Calcutta: "Independent India" Office, 1938. Our Differences. With V.B. Karnik.Calcuta: Saraswaty Library, 1938. Our Problems. With V.B. Karnik. Calcutta; Barendra Library, 1938. Gandhi vs. <mask>: Containing Com. <mask>'s Letter to Gandhiji, the Latter's Reply and the Former's Rejoinder.Bombay: V.B. Karnik, 1939. Heresies of the Twentieth Century: Philosophical Essays. Bombay: Renaissance Publishers, 1939. Presidential Address by M.N<mask> at the First All-India Conference of the League of Radical Congressmen, Poona, 27 and 28 June 1939. Bombay: n.p., n.d. [1939].Tripuri and After. <mask>sik: Radical Congressmen's League, n.d. [1930s]. Which Way, Lucknow? By a Radical Congressman (M.N<mask>). Bombay: M.R. Shetty, n.d. [1930s].The Memoirs of a Cat. n.c. [Dehra Dun]: Renaissance Publishers, 1940. Whither Europe? Bombay: Vora, 1940. The Alternative. Bombay: Vora, 1940. From Savagery to Civilisation.Calcutta: Digest Book House, 1940. Gandhism, Nationalism, Socialism. Calcutta: Bengal Radical Club, 1940. Science and Superstition. Dera Dun: Indian Renaissance Association, 1940. Materialism: An Outline of the History of Scientific Thought. Dera Dun: Renaissance Publishers, 1940.World Crisis (International Situation). (contributor) Ahmedabad: Gujarat Radical Democratic People's Party, 1940. The Relation of Classes in the Struggle for Indian Freedom. Patna: Bihar Radical

masks:
Manabendra
Nath
Roy
Roy
Roy
. Roy
. Roy


title: M. N. Roy

texts: Democratic People's Party, n.d. [c. 1940]. Science, Philosophy and Politics. Moradabad: J.S. Agarwal, n.d. [c. 1940].A New Path: Manifesto and Constitution of the Radical Democratic Party. Bombay: V.B. Karnik, n.d. [c. 1940]. Twentieth Century Jacobinism: Role of Marxism in Democratic Revolution. Patna: Radical Democratic Party, n.d. [c. 1940]. Some Fundamental Problems of Mass Mobilization. Calcutta: D. Goonawardhana, n.d. [c. 1940].My Differences with the Congress: Speech at Allahbad University, 27 November 1940. Bombay: V.B. Karnik, League of Radical Congressmen, n.d. [c. 1940]. On Communal Question. With V.B. Karnik. Lucknow: A.P.Singh, n.d. [c. 1940]. Culture at the Crossroads: Cultural Requisites of Freedom. Calcutta: Leftist Book Club, n.d. [1940s]. Radical Democratic Party's Message to the USSR. Calcutta: D. Goonawardhan, n.d. [1940s]. Presidential Address by Com. <mask>.<mask> at the Maharashtra Provincial Conference of the Radical Democratic Party held at Poona on 22 and 23 March 1941. Bombay: V.B. Karnik, n.d. [1941]. The Ideal of Indian Womanhood. n.c. [Dehra Dun? ]: Renaissance Publishers, 1941. Problem of the Indian Revolution.Bombay: Rajaram Panday, 1941. All-India Anti-Fascist Trade Union Conference: Presidential Address by M.N<mask>: Lahore, 29–30 November 1941. Lahore: <mask>. Kahn, n.d. [1941]. Scientific Politics: Lectures in the All India Political Study Camp, Dehradun, May and June 1940: Held under Auspices of All-India League of Radical Congressmen. Dehra Dun: Indian Renaissance Association, 1942.Freedom or

masks:
M N
Roy
. Roy
M A


title: M. N. Roy

texts: Released for Public Discussion by the Central Secretariat of the Radical Democratic Party. Delhi: V.B. Karnik, 1944. Your Future: An Appeal to the Educated Middle Class.Issued by the Radical Democratic Party. Lucknow: Radical Democratic Party, 1944. Planning a New India. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, n.d. [c. 1944]. National Government or People's Government? Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, n.d. [c. 1944]. Constitution of Free India, A Draft by M.N.<mask>: Endorsed and Released for Public Discussion by the Radical Democratic Party. Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, 1945. The Last Battles of Freedom: Being the Report of the Calcutta Conference of the Radical Democratic Party, 27 to 30 December 1944. Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, n.d. [1945]. Post-War Perspective: A Peep into the Future. Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, 1945. Future of Democracy in India: Being the Full Text of a Speech Delivered at a Public Meeting Held at the Town Hall, Lucknow, on 6 October 1945.Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, n.d. [1945]. The Problem of Freedom. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1945. My Experiences in China. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1945. Sino-Soviet Treaty. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1947.Jawaharial <mask>. Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, n.d. [c. 1945]. INA and the August Revolution. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1946. Revolution and Counter-Revolution in China. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1946. —Published in German in 1931.A New Orientation: Statement on the International Situation. Delhi: Radical

masks: Roy Nehru


title: M. N. Roy

texts: Democratic Party, 1946. A New Orientation: Review and Perspective of the International Struggle for a New World Order of Democratic Freedom, Economic Prosperity, and Cultural Progress. Dehra Dun: Radical Democratic Party, Bengal, 1946. New Orientation: Lectures Delivered at the Political Study Camp Held at Dehra Dun, from 8 to 18 May 1946. With Phillip Spratt. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1946.Radical Democratic Party Conference Inaugural Address: Bombay, 20th, 21st, 22 December 1946: Presidential Address and Resolutions. Bombay: V.B. Karnik, n.d. [1947]. Principles of Radical Democracy: Adopted by the Third All-India Conference by the Radical Democratic Party of India held in Bombay, 26 to 29 December 1946. Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, 1947. —Attributed to <mask>. Leviathan and Octopus.Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, n.d. [1947]. Asia and the World: A Manifesto. Delhi: Radical Democratic Party, 1947. Science and Philosophy. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1947. New Humanism: A Manifesto. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1947.Beyond Communism. With Philip Spratt. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1947. A New Approach to the Communal Program: Lecture Delivered at the International Fellowship, Madras, 22 February 1941. Bombay: V.B. Karnik, n.d. [c. 1947]. The Russian Revolution.Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1949. India's Message. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1950. The Rhythm of Cosmos: Inaugural Address of the Second All-India Rationalist Conference at Tenali held on 9 and 10 February 1952. Tenali: n.p., n.d.


title: M. N. Roy

texts:
 [1952]. Radical Humanism. New Delhi: n.p., 1952.Reason, Romanticism and Revolution. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1952. The Way Ahead in Asia. n.c.: British Information Service in Southeast Asia, n.d. [c. 1950s]. Crime and Karma, Cats and Women. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1957. Memoirs.Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1964. —Reissued 1984. Further reading

 R.K. Awasthi, Scientific Humanism: Socio-Political Ideas of <mask><mask>: A Critique. Delhi: Research Publications in Social Sciences, 1973. Shiri Ram Bakshi, M.N. <mask>.New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 1994. N.R. Basannavar, 'The Indian in the Comintern'. University of Bristol Dissertation 2007
 G.P. Bhattacharjee, Evolution of Political Philosophy of <mask><mask>. Calcutta: Minerva Associates, 1971.<mask><mask> and Radical Humanism. Bombay: A.J.B.H. Wadia Publication, 1961. Phanibhusan Chakravartti, M.N<mask>. Calcutta: M.N.Roy Death Anniversary Observance Committee, 1961. Prakash Chandra, Political Philosophy of <mask><mask>. Meerut: Sarup & Sons, 1985. Satyabrata Rai Chowdhuri, Leftism in India, 1917–1947. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave, 2007. Ramyansu Sekhar Das, M.N.<mask> the Humanist Philosopher. Calcutta: W. <mask>, 1956. B.N. Dasgupta, M.N<mask>: Quest for Freedom. Calcutta: Firma K.L. <mask>y, 1970.<mask> Dhar, The Political Thought of M.N<mask>, 1936–1954. Calcutta: Eureka Publishers, 1966. S.M. Ganguly, Leftism in India: M.N<mask> and Indian Politics, 1920–1948. Columbia, MO: South Asia Books, 1984.Dharmadasa Goonawardhana and Debassaran Das Gupta (eds. ),

masks:
M N
. Roy
Roy
M N
. Roy
M N
. Roy
. Roy
M N
. Roy
Roy
Newman
. Roy
Muopadhya
Niranjan
. Roy
. Roy


title: M. N. Roy

texts:
 <mask>ism Explained. Calcutta: Saraswaty Library, 1938. <mask>,  "Geopolitics, Transnational Solidarity, or Diaspora Nationalism? The Global Career of <mask><mask>, 1915–1930,"European Review of History 21, no. 4 (2014), pp.485–499. D.C. Grover, M. N. <mask>: a Study of Revolution and Reason in Indian Politics. Calcutta: Minerva Associates, 1973. John Patrick Haithcox, Communism and Nationalism in India; <mask>. <mask> and Comintern Policy, 1920–1939. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1971. V.B.Karnik, <mask>. <mask>: Political Biography. Bombay: Nav Jagriti Samaj, 1978. Usha Krishna,  M.<mask> and the Radical Humanist Movement in India: A Sociological Study. Meerut: Chaudhary Charan Singh University, 2005. B. K<mask>, "Radical Humanism of M.N<mask>," Indian Journal of Political Science, vol.66, no. 3 (July 2005), pp. 607–618. In JSTOR
 <mask>, M.N<mask>: Marxism and Colonial Cosmopolitanism. Delhi: Routledge India, 2010. <mask> Russian Roulette: How British Spies Thwarted Lenin's Global Plot, Sceptre, 2013.Innaiah <mask> (ed. ), M.N<mask>: Radical Humanist: Selected Writings. New York: Prometheus Books, 2004. R.L<mask>, Radical Humanism of M.N<mask> An Exposition of his 22 Theses.n.c.: Indus Publishing Co., n.d.
 Robert C<mask> and Xenia J. Eudin, <mask>. <mask>'s Mission to China: The Communist-Kuomintang Split of 1927. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1963. Vishnudeo <mask> Ojha, <mask><mask> and His Philosophical Ideas. n.c. [Muzaffarpur]: Shankhnad Prakashan, 1969. Alok Pant, Indian Radicalism and M.N.Roy.

masks:
Roy
Michael Goebel
M N
. Roy
Roy
M N
Roy
M N
Roy
N Roy
. Mahakul
. Roy
Kris Manjapra
. Roy
Giles Milton
Narisetti
. Roy
. Nigram
. Roy
. North
M N
Roy
Narain
M N
. Roy


title: M. N. Roy

texts:
 Delhi: Adhyayan, 2005. Govardhan Dhanaraj Parikh (ed. ), Essence of Royism: Anthology of M.N<mask>'s Writings. Bombay: Nav Jagriti Samaj, 1987. Ramendra, M. N<mask>'s New Humanism and Materialism.Patna: Buddhiwadi Foundation, 2001. Sibnarayan Ray, In Freedom's Quest: Life of M.N<mask> (Vol. 1: 1887–1922). Calcutta: Minerva, 1998. —No other volumes issued. M.N.<mask>: Philosopher-Revolutionary: A Symposium. Calcutta: Renaissance Publishers, 1959. Dipti <mask>, Leftist Politics in India: M.N<mask> and the Radical Democratic Party. Calcutta: Minerva, 1989. Trade Union Movement in India: Role of <mask><mask>.Calcutta: Minerva, 1990. Samaren <mask>, The Restless Brahmin: Early Life of <mask><mask>. Bombay: Allied Publishers, 1970. The Twice-Born Heretic: M.N<mask> and the Comintern. Calcutta: KLM Private, 1986.B.S. Sharma, The Political Philosophy of <mask><mask>. Delhi, National Publishing House, 1965. Sita Ram Sharma, Life and Works of M.N<mask>. Jaipur: Sublime Publications, 2010.M. Shiviah, New Humanism and Democratic Politics: A Study of <mask><mask>'s Theory of the State. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1977. Reeta Sinha, Political Ideas of <mask>. <mask>. New Delh: National Book Organisation, 1991. Sada <mask> Talwar, Political Ideas of M.N.Roy. Delhi: Khosla Publishing House, 1978. J.B.H. Wadia, M.N<mask>, The Man: An Incomplete Royana. Bombay: Popular Prakashan, 1983. Syamales Das, M. N<mask>, Biplabi, Rajnitik O Darshonik.Calcutta: Sribhumi Publishing Co., 1999. External links

 <mask> <mask> <mask> (1887—1954) at Internet

masks:
. Roy
. Roy
. Roy
Roy
Kumar Roy
. Roy
M N
. Roy
Roy
M N
. Roy
. Roy
M N
. Roy
. Roy
M N
. Roy
M N
Roy
Nand
. Roy
. Roy
Manbendra
Nath
Roy


title: M. N. Roy

texts:
 Encyclopedia of Philosophy
 <mask> <mask> <mask> Internet Archive, Marxists Internet Archive, www.marxists.org/
 <mask> on the cover of Ogonëk, 5 April 1925. M. N. <mask> materials in the South Asian American Digital Archive (SAADA)

1887 births
1954 deaths
20th-century atheists
20th-century essayists
20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
20th-century Indian philosophers
20th-century Indian social scientists
Anushilan Samiti
Atheist philosophers
Bengali Hindus
Bengali people
Cultural critics
Executive Committee of the Communist International
Indian former Hindus
Former Marxists
Hindu–German Conspiracy
Indian atheists
Indian communists
Indian expatriates in Mexico
Indian humanists
Indian male non-fiction writers
Indian male writers
Indian Marxists
Indian political philosophers
Indian prisoners and detainees
Indian revolutionaries
Mexican people of Indian descent
People from North 24 Parganas district
Philosophers of culture
Philosophers of history
Philosophers of social science
Prisoners and detainees of British India
Revolutionaries of Bengal during British Rule
Right Opposition
Scholars from West Bengal
Secular humanists
Indian social commentators
Social critics
Social philosophers
Writers about activism and social

masks: Manabendra Nath Roy Roy Roy


title: Rory Flack

texts:
<mask> (<mask>) (born April 28, 1969) is a professional African American Figure Skater and former competitor. She is the first African American woman to perform a back flip on the ice (in 1991) and in 1994 she became the first African American woman to win the US Open Professional Figure Skating Championships. She is very well known for her signature Russian splits. Personal life
<mask> was born in Belleville, Illinois. She is the daughter of Dorothy Jackson and <mask>, and is the niece of <mask>. Raised in Phoenix, Arizona until age 10, then until 21 in San Diego, California, she later resided for 15 years in Wasilla, Alaska. She was married to 8X Austrian National Champion & 1992 Olympian Ralph Burghart from 1992 to 2007.She has two sons, Rendell Burghart, born 28 September 1993, and Remington Burghart, born 17 January 1997. Rendell played tennis for Eastern Washington D1 University and Graduated on the Deans List majoring in Film. Remington is a 2011 United States National Juvenile Bronze Pairs Medalist. and currently competes for the Austrian International Competitive Team. <mask> married Roi Mitchell Sr. on April 6, 2015 in Washington, DC. Skating career

<mask> began skating at age 5. At age 13, she met the pioneer for African Americans in figure skating, Mabel Fairbanks.Fairbanks inspired Flack to continue skating after wanting to stop at an early age due to racism. Two years later, Debi Thomas, Bobby Beauchamp and <mask> skated to three medals at the US National Championships. This was the first time three African Americans competed at the Nationals, and they all earned spots on the international team. In 1986, Flack won the junior bronze medal at the U.S. Championships. She also competed internationally, winning the silver medal at the 1987 Grand Prix

masks:
Rory Flack
Flack Mitchell
Rory Flack
William Flack
Roberta Flack
Flack
Flack
Rory Flack


title: Rory Flack

texts: International St. Gervais. Her performance at the 1987 U.S. Championships attracted national attention and earned her an appearance with footage on Saturday Night Live. It was the first time a figure skater was on the show.Two months before the qualifying event for the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, she injured her back and could not compete. She retired from competitive skating in the winter of 1991. Flack became a Competitive World Professional, 1991 and 1994 US Open Professional Champion, the 2002 American Open Artistic Champion and competed for Team USA in the 2006 CBS Ice Wars. In 1991, Flack started her career as a professional figure skater. She moved from California to Cincinnati and skated in the production Broadway on Ice. She choreographed a routine, auditioned, and was selected for a solo spot. She heard from fellow skaters about an open professional competition, the US Open Challenge Cup.Despite being advised not to compete by the show producer because she would lose her next gig, <mask> entered the competition with her friends' support. She had a close childhood friend Doug Mattis who taught her to do a back flip on ice, making her first black women in the world with this ability. The US Open competition had two parts for the skaters without a world title. The winner of the Challenge round would advance to the Championship round. The Championship round was filled with Olympic Champions and world medalists. Performing to Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong's “Summertime”, she not only won the Challenge Cup, but also placed third in the Championship round, won the inaugural Golden Blade Award (given to the most artistic skater of the entire competition) and became the star of Ice Capades. In 1992, while starring in Ice Capades, Flack took


title: Rory Flack

texts: time off from the tour to compete once again at the US Open.She skated to “Fever” and a 5-minute version of “Am I Blue”, and won the silver medal. In September 1993, <mask> gave birth to her first son, Rendell. Two weeks later she skated as a pair team with her then-husband in the opening of the Rockefeller Center. In 1994, Flack was invited to join The Nutcracker on Ice. She co-starred as the Sugar Plum Fairy alongside Olympic champions Oksana Baiul and Brian Boitano. Still driven to win the US Open, she trained daily from 2 am to 4 am. Flack entered the US Open, where the reigning world champion Yuka Sato also planned to compete.Performing to Aretha Franklin's "Think", <mask> took first place after the Technical Program and went on to win the title. Shortly after, she opened a figure skating school in Alaska, the Artistry Of Movement Ice Skating Academy. The academy was created to train grassroots skaters from learning to fall to winning championships. She also continued to perform on national and world television in professional competitions and shows in her free time. In 2001, Flack appeared with Aretha Franklin, choreographing one production number and two solos for the event. One week later, Flack accepted the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Women's Sports Foundation on behalf of Mabel Fairbanks. Inspired once again by Fairbanks, Flack founded her production company, The Color of Ice Production Inc.In January 2002, she created, produced and choreographed the first all African American ice skating production, Ebony on Ice. The production ran for ten weeks at the Legacy Theater in Chicago. <mask> appeared as the headliner and had guest artist Savion Glover, Kenny Gambel and Howard Hewitt. Later that year she won her second professional title at the American

masks: Rory Flack Flack


title: Rory Flack

texts:
 Open Professional Championships. In 2003, Flack launched her revised production of "Soul Spectacular On Ice", also known as "Ebony On Ice", in Florida and Washington, DC, with sold-out performances at the Lincoln Theater. The show received rave reviews from the Washington Post with the article "On Ice, Black Music And Dance Catch Fire", by Natalie Hopkinson, with the opening statement, "The ancestors couldn't have foreseen this." It sold out performances, and  a national tour was scheduled.Later the same year, Flack appeared as a guest star in Ray Charles' last performance, A Tribute to Ray Charles on Ice at the Staples Arena in Los Angeles, California. In 2004, Flack was an assistant choreographer for a television production of A Tribute to Earth Wind and Fire on Ice. She was also the lead choreographer for two production numbers, two personal solos and a number for Brian Boitano and Brian Orser. In 2006, she skated in A Tribute to Wynona Judd while Wynona and Naomi Judd sang a duet. She also skated in the last aired professional skating championships, Ice Wars USA Versus the World. In the fall of 2007, Flack took a hiatus from performing due to health issues that brought on the loss of some speech and movements in her arms and legs. She began working with a team of doctors on the east coast while living in Utah, then relocated to Philadelphia in the spring of 2013.In winter 2014, <mask> was diagnosed with peripheral neuropathy. <mask>-Mitchell currently lives in Texas and is overcoming the complications of her illness to perform at the 2016 US Open Professional Figure Skating Championships on May 31 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Coaching and choreography career
<mask> began choreographing her programs as a senior competitor. 1991 <mask> began coaching in Kentucky and

masks: Flack Flack Flack Rory


title: Rory Flack

texts:
 Ohio. After signing her first show contract for a show in King Island in Cincinnati, Ohio. she was then approached by Indiana World Skating Academy to coach. Shortly after taking the position in 1992, she began studying under Brian Wright.Later that summer <mask> took over the choreography department in Wright's absence for his illness. In 1993, she was sought out by the Seattle Skating Club and was hired as Program Director to build their Basic Skills Program, as well as to develop the new Olympic View Training rink in Lynnwood, Washington. From 1993, she worked in Alaska after being hired by the Anchorage FSC to direct and head their Learn to Skate program. One year later Flack founded Artistry Of Movement ISA. In 2009, she relocated Artistry of Movement Academy to Provo, Utah, where she served as head coach for three years. In April 2012, Flack started dividing her time coaching between Alaska; Houston, TX; Provo, Utah; Washington, D.C.; Chicago; and New Jersey, and offered clinics worldwide. Recording artist

<mask> has expressed interest in a recording career."I have always loved singing and have wanted to record a CD. Getting together with Max-A-Million from Chicago and having a producer/writer is the most exciting feeling. I feel it is never too late to live your dreams." Results

References

External links
 In depth oral history interview

American female single skaters
American figure skating coaches
Figure skating choreographers
African-American sportspeople
Living people
Sportspeople from Belleville, Illinois
Sportspeople from Phoenix, Arizona
Sportspeople from San Diego
People from Wasilla, Alaska
1971 births
21st-century African-American sportspeople
21st-century African-American women
20th-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century

masks: Flack Flack


title: Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov

texts:
Count <mask> () (27 July 1827, Saint Petersburg – 22 March 1889, Saint Petersburg) was an influential Russian statesman and a counselor to Tsar Alexander II. Biography
<mask>ich came from the Shuvalov family which has been prominent in the Russian culture and politics since the mid-18th century. His father, Count <mask>, was a prominent figure at the courts of Nicholas I of Russia and Alexander II of Russia. His mother was Thekla Ignatyevna Walentinowicz, Prince Zubov's widow and heiress. Count <mask> was his brother. Rundāle Palace was notable family estate. After graduating from the Corps of Pages, <mask> rose through the ranks of Alexander II's retinue, making wing adjutant, major general of the retinue and adjutant general in short order.In 1857 he was put in charge of the Saint Petersburg police and went to France for training. In 1860 <mask> was appointed director of the Department of General Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and, in 1861, was made Chief of Staff of the Special Corps of Gendarmes. He proposed for the Corps to be abolished, which contributed to his reputation as a liberal and an Anglophile. His plan was rejected, and he resigned in late 1861. He served elsewhere in the early 1860s and, in 1864, was appointed governor-general of the Baltic region. After Dmitry Karakozov's unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Alexander II in April 1866, <mask> was made Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Head of the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery, a ministerial position at the time. He formed a group of similarly-minded moderate ministers (A. P. Bobrinsky, S. A. Greig, K. I. Pahlen, Dmitriy Tolstoy) and, with the help of the Tsar's confidant Field Marshal Aleksandr Baryatinskiy, pursued a policy of moderate

masks:
Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov
Pyotr Andreyev
Andrey Petrovich Shuvalov
Pavel Andreyevich Shuvalov
Pyotr Shuvalov
Shuvalov
Shuvalov


title: Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov

texts:
 reform.Politically, he was simultaneously opposed to the Slavophiles and the so-called Russian Party as well as to the more liberal reformers like Minister of War Dmitry Milyutin and Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich. <mask> was in favor of developing local self-government but on the basis of strengthening the political position of the landed gentry. In the long run, he envisioned a system of national representation with a constitution and a bicameral parliament, modelled on the earlier aristocratic English model, but he disclosed his parliamentary ideas only in 1881, when he had safely retired:

an advisory assembly can bring no benefit whatsoever. One must openly introduce a constitutional system by establishing two houses and giving them a decisive voice. If this cannot be done immediately, one must, at least, erect a foundation upon which real representative government could eventually arise. <mask> continued his predecessors' reforms although more cautiously. He reorganized zemstvos in 1870 and overhauled the military in 1874, reducing the length of service from 15 years to 6.At the same time, he strengthened the government's censorship system and limited the zemstvos' taxation powers. In 1872, he was promoted General of the Cavalry (1872), a rank equivalent to full General in other armies. In 1873, <mask> was sent to London on a mission to arrange a marriage between Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia and the Duke of Edinburgh. The mission was a success and the two married in January 1874. <mask> was also supposed to reassure the British government that Alexander II had no plans to conquer the Central Asian Khanate of Khiva. Although Khiva fell to Russian troops in 1874, he was able to blame it on the generals' excess of zeal and so it did

masks: Shuvalov Shuvalov Shuvalov Shuvalov


title: Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov

texts:
 not damage <mask>'s reputation in London. In April 1874, the Committee of Ministers approved the creation of an experimental commission with representation from Zemstvo, local gentry and cities.Although the commission was charged only with reviewing a single previously prepared bill on hiring agricultural laborers, the very notion was apparently deemed so radical that in November 1874, <mask> was sent into honorary exile as ambassador to London. However, other more mundane explanations for his downfall, boasting about his influence on the tsar  or making an incautious remark about his mistress Catherine Dolgorukov, have also been suggested. <mask> played an important role in the negotiations between Russia and Great Britain during and after the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 and was instrumental in avoiding conflict between the two powers after the Treaty of San Stefano. With the conclusion of the Treaty of Berlin, 1878, Russian public opinion turned against him since he was seen as too conciliatory and too willing to yield to British and especially German demands. Although Alexander II at first resisted public pressure to remove <mask>, further deterioration of Russo-German relations in 1879 forced him into retirement. Notes
 See Richard S. Wortman. Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy.Volume Two: From Alexander to the Abdication of Nicholas II, Princeton University Press, 2000,  p. 114
 See:
Peter Waldron. The End of Imperial Russia, 1855-1917, St. Martin's Press, 1997,  p. 16
Valentina G. Chernukha and Boris V. Anan'ich. "Russia Falls Back, Russia Catches Up: Three Generations of Russian Reformers" in Reform in Modern Russian History: Progress Or Cycle?, tr. and ed. Theodore Taranovski, Cambridge University Press, 1995,  (Papers from


title: Pyotr Andreyevich Shuvalov

texts:
 a conference entitled "Reform in Russian and Soviet History -- Its Meaning and Function" held May 5-May 7, 1990, organized by the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars), p. 73-74
 See Walter Moss. Alexander II and His Times: A Narrative History of Russia in the Age of Alexander II, Tolstoy, and Dostoevsky, Anthem Press, 2002, , 295p. Part III
 See Thomas S. Pearson.Russian Officialdom in Crisis: Autocracy and Local Self-Government, 1861-1900, Cambridge University Press, 1989, paperback edition 2004,  p. 38
 See Adam Bruno Ulam. Prophets and Conspirators in Pre-Revolutionary Russia, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ, 1998 (2nd expanded edition),  pp. 173–174. See Peter Julicher. Renegades, Rebels and Rogues Under the Tsars, McFarland & Company, Jefferson, NC, 2003,  p. 188. References
 Weeks Jr, Richard G. "<mask> and the Congress of Berlin: A Reinterpretation." Journal of Modern History 51.S1 (1979): D1055-D1070.online
Valentina G. Chernukha and Boris V. Anan'ich. "Russia Falls Back, Russia Catches Up: Three Generations of Russian Reformers" in Reform in Modern Russian History: Progress Or Cycle?, tr. and ed. Theodore Taranovski, Cambridge University Press, 1995,  (Papers from a conference entitled "Reform in Russian and Soviet History -- Its Meaning and Function" held May 5-May 7, 1990, organized by the Kennan Institute for Advanced Russian Studies of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars)

External links

1827 births
1889 deaths
People from Saint Petersburg
People from Saint Petersburg Governorate
Counts of the Russian Empire
Chiefs of the Special Corps of Gendarmes
Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
<mask> Andreyevich
Ambassadors of the Russian Empire to

masks:
Peter Shuvalov
Pyotr


title: David Easley

texts:
<mask> (born 1950s) is an American economist. <mask> is the Henry Scarborough Professor of Social Science and is a Professor of Information Science at Cornell University. He was previously an Overseas Fellow of Churchill College at Cambridge University. His research is in the field of Economics, Finance and Decision Theory. In Economics, he focuses on learning, wealth dynamics and natural selection in markets. In Finance, his work focuses on Market microstructure and asset pricing. In Decision Theory, he works on modeling decision making in complex environments.In networks, he works on network formation and trading networks with colleagues in the Computer Science department at Cornell. He is a Fellow of the Econometric Society and is a Chair of the NASDAQ-OMX Economic Advisory Board. Several of his scientific papers are listed among the most read in Finance, according to the Social Science Research Network

<mask> earned his Ph.D. from Northwestern University in 1979.

Notable publications
The Postal Savings System in the Depression, with Maureen O'Hara, Journal of Economic History, Vol. 39, No. 3, September, 1979. Stochastic Equilibrium and Optimality with Rolling Plans, with Daniel Spulber, International Economic Review, Vol. 22, No.1, February, 1981. Learning to be Rational, with Lawrence Blume, Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 26, No. 2, April, 1982. Introduction to the Stability of Rational Expectations Equilibrium, with Lawrence Blume and Margaret

masks:
David Alan Easley
Easley
Easley


title: Dmitry Rogozin

texts:
<mask> (; born 21 December 1963) is a Russian politician, currently serving as Director General of Roscosmos since 2018. Previously he was Deputy Prime Minister of Russia in charge of the defense industry from 2011 to 2018. Prior to that, he was Russia's ambassador to NATO from 2008 to 2011. He was also the leader of the Rodina political party, which was created in 2003, until it merged with other parties to form A Just Russia in 2006. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Moscow to the family of a Soviet military scientist. He graduated from Moscow State University in 1986, with a degree in journalism, and in 1988, he graduated at the University of Marxism–Leninism under the Moscow City Committee of the CPSU with a degree in economics. He holds a doctorate in philosophy and another in technology.Political career

Early career
Rogozin fought in the Transnistria war against the Moldovan forces. He is also a vocal supporter of Transnistria's independence from Moldova. In 1993, Rogozin joined the recently created party Congress of Russian Communities led by General Alexander Lebed and, after its founder died in a 2002 helicopter crash, Rogozin became joint leader with Sergey Glazyev of what became the Rodina party, which was described by Novaya Gazeta liberal journalist Anna Politkovskaya as 'created by the Kremlin's spin doctors specifically ... to draw moderately nationalist voters away from the more extreme National Bolsheviks'. Rogozin was elected to the State Duma as a deputy from Voronezh Oblast in 1997, and he became a vocal activist for protection of rights of ethnic Russians in the former Soviet republics. Rogozin was re-elected to the State Duma in 1999 and then appointed the Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, drawing a lot of media attention and a share of criticism for some of his flamboyant public remarks. In 2002, he was appointed a

masks:
Dmitry Olegovich Rogozin
Rogozin


title: Dmitry Rogozin

texts: Special Representative of the Russian President to deal with Kaliningrad problems that arose by the Baltic states joining the European Union. Rogozin received an official letter of gratitude from Russian President Vladimir Putin.In 2003, <mask> became one of the leaders of the Rodina (Motherland) "national-patriotic" coalition, which won 9.2% of the popular vote or 37 of the 450 seats in the Duma in 2003 parliamentary election, briefly propelling him to the post of the Duma's vice-speaker, from which he was dismissed a year and a half later as a result of some elaborate interfaction dealings. He remained an ordinary member of the Duma until the following election, in 2007. After the breakthrough in 2003 elections, <mask> became involved in power struggle with Rodina's other co-chairman Glazyev, who had socialist views. Glazyev nominated himself as the party's candidate in the 2004 presidential election, but Rogozin called on his party comrades to support incumbent Putin. Rogozin soon ousted Glazyev, to become the party's sole leader. Under Rogozin, Rodina shifted towards the right wing of Russian politics and became the second largest and one of the country's most successful parties. A number of controversies on Rogozin's policies culminated in it being banned in 2005 from standing for election to the Moscow City Duma for using what was considered as chauvinist slogan 'Let's Clean the Garbage!'.Many analysts believe it was made illegally to prevent <mask> becoming a candidate at the Russian presidential elections in 2008. <mask>'s right views were not shared by all his party's members. In early 2006, at Rodina's congress, <mask> resigned as party leader. <mask> left Rodina after its merger with the Russian Party of Life and the Pensioners' Party into Fair Russia. In November 2006, he was the Chairman of the revived Congress of Russian Communities. In April 2007,

masks: Rogozin Rogozin Rogozin Rogozin Rogozin Rogozin


title: Dmitry Rogozin

texts:
 he announced that he may support the formation of the Great Russia Party, in conjunction with the Movement Against Illegal Immigration. The party said that it may consider supporting the candidacy of Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko for the Presidency of Russia in 2008, a move that was unconstitutional because Lukashenko is not a Russian citizen.Because Russian authorities had not registered Great Russia, the party could not contest the legislative election in 2007. Ambassador to NATO
In 2008, he was appointed a Russian ambassador to NATO. As Russia's NATO envoy, he was heavily opposed to Ukraine and Georgia becoming members of NATO. After the two countries were denied membership of the NATO Membership Action Plan, he claimed, "They will not invite these bankrupt scandalous regimes to join NATO... more so as important partnerships with Russia are at stake". For such words, he was criticized by some Ukrainian and Georgian officials. A former Ukrainian envoy to NATO, Ihor Sahach, said, "In my opinion, he is merely used as one of cogs in the informational war waged against Ukraine. Sooner or later, I think, it should be stopped".The envoy also expressed a surprise with <mask>'s slang words: "It was for the first time that I heard such a higher official as envoy using this, I don't even know how to describe it, whether it was a slang or language of criminal circles…. I understand Russian, but, I'm sorry, I don't know what his words meant". The Foreign Minister of Ukraine Volodymyr Ohryzko stated that he did not regard the statement as serious. On 18 February 2011, Russian President <mask> appointed Rogozin as the Special Representative on anti-missile defense; he negotiated with NATO countries on this issue. Deputy Prime Minister

On 23 December 2011, <mask> was appointed as Deputy Prime Minister, in charge of the defense and space industries. For the

masks:
Rogozin
Dmitry Medvedev
Rogozin


title: Dmitry Rogozin

texts: defense industry, he led the creation of the Russian Foundation for Advanced Research Projects in the Defense Industry. In 2014, Rogozin was involved in several diplomatic conflicts following the 2014 Crimean crisis.On 17 March 2014, the day after the Crimean status referendum, Rogozin became one of the first seven people who were put under executive sanctions by US President Barack Obama. The sanctions froze his assets in the US and banned him from entering the country. He was also added to the Canadian and to the EU sanction list due to the Crimean crisis. In 2015, <mask> stated that Russia's defence sector has "many other ways of traveling the world besides tourist visas" and "tanks don't need visas". On 29 April 2014, he tweeted: "After analyzing the sanctions against our space industry, I suggest to the USA to bring their astronauts to the International Space Station using a trampoline". On 31 May 2020, Elon Musk replied following the successful launch of Crew Dragon Demo-2, that "the trampoline is working". On 10 May 2014, Rogozin started a diplomatic conflict between Romania and Russia after Romania barred his plane from entering its airspace.In response, he made two threatening posts on his Twitter account, one of which stated that next time, he would fly on board a Tu-160 bomber. In 2015, <mask> was the head of Russia's Arctic Commission. On 28 July 2017, he boarded an S7 Airlines commercial flight to Chișinău, where he would meet Moldovan President Igor Dodon, but the Romanian government again denied permission for the plane to enter its airspace, citing the "presence of a sanctioned person on board". The Boeing 737-800 went on a holding pattern in Hungarian airspace for a while, but after Hungary denied permission for landing and ordered the plane to leave, it was decided to divert to Minsk, Belarus, outside of the EU, reportedly with barely enough

masks: Rogozin Rogozin


title: Ryan O'Shaughnessy

texts:
<mask>'Shaughnessy (born 27 September 1992) is an Irish singer-songwriter and former actor from Loughshinny, Skerries, Dublin. He portrayed Mark Halpin in the popular TV series Fair City for nine years (2001–2010). In January 2012, he appeared in the inaugurative season of The Voice of Ireland and in May 2012, he took part in sixth series of Britain's Got Talent making it to the final and finishing fifth place. He represented Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018  with the song "Together" finishing 16th. Early life
<mask> was born in 1992 in Loughshinny, a small village in North County Dublin, Ireland. He is the youngest of three children. He has an elder brother named Graham and sister named Apryl.His uncle Gary O'Shaughnessy represented Ireland in Eurovision Song Contest 2001 with the song "Without Your Love". <mask> studied at Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT), also undertaking a music course as part of BIMM (British and Irish Modern Music Institute) in Dublin, Ireland. He describes himself as a "versatile singer". He joined the Billie Barry Stage School when he was 4, and believes this is where he learnt his craft. He plays guitar, piano and saxophone while producing and writing for various artists. Acting career
O'Shaughnessy played the role of Mark Halpin, the young son of Marty Halpin (played by Paul Lee) and Tess Halpin (played by Sabina Brennan) in the long-running Irish soap series Fair City. The Halpin family was gradually introduced in the early 2000s.O'Shaughnessy was introduced into the series at age 9 as a child actor portraying Mark. He had two siblings in the series, brother Damien played by Maclean Burke and sister Laura Halpin played by Liana O'Cleirigh. In the series, his mother Tess becomes a victim of

masks:
Ryan O
Ryan
Ryan


title: Ryan O'Shaughnessy

texts:
 domestic abuse and is ultimately strangled by her husband Marty who goes on to commit suicide after killing her. The children Mark, Damien and Laura are orphaned but continue on the series. O'Shaughnessy continued to act as Mark Halpin in Fair City for nine years from 2001 to 2010, when he was retired at age 18. He was replaced in the series by the actor Cal Kenealy who continued as Mark Halpin, as O'Shaughnessy said he needed to quit preferring to continue with a musical career after nine years of appearing in the series. Music career

The Voice of Ireland
O'Shaughnessy entered The Voice of Ireland in series 1 broadcast on RTÉ One from January to April 2012.At his audition recorded in October 2011 and broadcast in January 2012, he sang "The Power of Love" from Huey Lewis and the News with only one of the four jury chairs, that of Brian Kennedy turning and he defaulted to Kennedy's team. For the battle shows recorded in November 2011 and broadcast in February 2012, Kennedy put him up against teammate Colin Hand. They both performed "One" by U2 with Kennedy opting for <mask> and sending him to the live shows. In the first day of the live shows broadcast on 4 March 2012, he performed "Baby" from Justin Bieber, but was eliminated by public vote finishing in 23/24th place in the series. Britain's Got Talent
After the battle rounds but before the live shows of The Voice of Ireland, O'Shaughnessy auditioned for Britain's Got Talent. He performed a self-written song called "No Name". The inspiration behind the song was a girl he had a crush on.He received yeses from all three judges, Simon Cowell, Alesha Dixon and David Walliams. The audition aired after his elimination from The Voice of Ireland. At that time, O'Shaughnessy was contracted


title: Ryan O'Shaughnessy

texts:
 to record company Universal Records. One week before the live shows of The Voice of Ireland, the Britain's Got Talent call-backs were held. The judges were going to send O'Shaughnessy through to the live shows, but owing to his place on the live shows on The Voice of Ireland and contract with Universal, he was disqualified. It was later announced that O'Shaughnessy would appear in the semi-finals of Britain's Got Talent after being released from his contract with Universal. He performed in the last semi-final where he performed another original song entitled "First Kiss".He received the most votes and was automatically sent through to the final. For the final, he performed "No Name" a second time and placed 5th in the competition, with 4.8% of the vote

Post-Britain's Got Talent
On 19 May 2012, it was announced O'Shaughnessy had signed a record deal with Sony Music. His first single "No Name" was released on 5 August, and he released his debut mini-album <mask>'Shaughnessy on 13 August 2012. The mini-album contains six songs which are all penned by O'Shaughnessy himself, which includes the song "First Kiss", which he performed on Britain's Got Talent. On 10 August 2012, he performed in his hometown, meeting the fans and signing copies of his mini-album. On 23 August, he performed "No Name", his debut single, live on This Morning. On 30 August, he announced details of his first UK headline tour and played 11 dates throughout October 2012.In 2015, O'Shaughnessy released two singles, "Fingertips" and "Evergreen". In early 2016, he released another single, "She Won't Wait". O'Shaughnessy then began working on his debut album, which was projected for release in July 2016. The Hit
In July 2013, it was announced that O'Shaughnessy would be


title: Ryan O'Shaughnessy

texts:
 one of the artists taking part in the new Irish songwriting competition The Hit, going against his former The Voice coach Brian Kennedy. The show, which aired on 2 August 2013, saw six songwriters pitching their songs to both artists. In the initial stage each artist had to choose two of these six songs. O'Shaughnessy chose a song called "Blush" by Gavin Doyle and "Who Do You Love?"by Mark Graham and Frances Mitchell. O'Shaughnessy chose to release "Who Do You Love?" to enter the chart battle against Kennedy. O'Shaughnessy won the chart battle with the single charting at No.3 in the Irish Singles Chart beating Kennedy's song "Try" which charted at No.15. On 30 August 2013 O'Shaughnessy, along with the four other chart battle winners, returned to perform their song live in The O2 for the Grand Finale with the RTÉ Concert Orchestra. Bayview Records
In 2015, O'Shaughnessy established Dublin-based record label Bayview Records. Eurovision Song Contest
On 31 January 2018, O'Shaughnessy was announced as the Irish representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 with the song "Together".His entry was co-written by O'Shaughnessy with Mark Caplice and Laura Elizabeth Hughes. The song and the artist were internally selected in January 2018 by the Irish broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ) to represent the country at the 2018 contest in Lisbon, Portugal. O'Shaughnessy qualified for the final, after finishing sixth in semi-final 1 with 179 points, making it the first time Ireland qualified to the finals since 2013 with <mask>. Ireland's entry was marred with controversy. During the Chinese broadcast of the first semi-final on Mango TV, the Irish entry was edited out of the show, along with the snippets in the recap of all 19 entries.


title: Germaine Dulac

texts:
<mask> (; born <mask>; 17 November 1882 – 20 July 1942) was a French filmmaker, film theorist, journalist and critic. She was born in Amiens and moved to Paris in early childhood. A few years after her marriage she embarked on a journalistic career in a feminist magazine, and later became interested in film. With the help of her husband and friend she founded a film company and directed a few commercial works before slowly moving into Impressionist and Surrealist territory. She is best known today for her Impressionist film, La Souriante Madame Beudet (The Smiling Madam Beudet, 1922/23), and her Surrealist experiment, La Coquille et le Clergyman (The Seashell and the Clergyman, 1928). Her career as filmmaker suffered after the introduction of sound film and she spent the last decade of her life working on newsreels for Pathé and Gaumont. Biography

<mask> was born in Amiens, France into an upper-middle-class family of a career military officer.Since her father's job required the family to frequently move between small garrison towns, Germaine was sent to live with her grandmother in Paris. She soon became interested in art and studied music, painting, and theater. Following the death of her parents, Dulac moved to Paris and combined her growing interests in socialism and feminism with a career in journalism. In 1905 she married Louis-<mask>, an agricultural engineer who also came from an upper-class family. Four years later she began writing for La Française, a feminist magazine edited by Jane Misme where she eventually became the drama critic. Dulac also found time to work on the editorial staff of La Fronde, a radical feminist journal of the time. She also began to pursue her interest in still photography, which preceded her initial entry into filmmaking.Dulac and her husband divorced in 1920. After that,

masks: Charlotte Elisabeth Germaine Saisset Schneider


title: Germaine Dulac

texts:
 she began a relationship with Marie-Anne Colson-Malleville that lasted until the end of her life. Following her long and influential cinema career, Dulac became the president of the Fédération des ciné-clubs, a group which promoted and presented the work of new young filmmakers, such as Joris Ivens and Jean Vigo. Dulac also taught film courses at the École Technique de Photographie et de Cinématographie on the rue de Vaugirard. Following her death in 1942, Charles Ford called attention to the difficulty the French Press had with printing her obituary:
Bothered by Dulac’s non-conformist ideas, disturbed by her impure origins, the censors had refused the article which, only after vigorous protest by the editor-in-chief of the magazine, appeared three weeks late. Even dead, Germaine Dulac still seemed dangerous...

Career

Before her filmmaking career, Dulac wrote articles for the feminist magazine, La Fronde, from 1900 to 1913. Here she interviewed a plethora of established women in France with the intention of solidifying women's roles in French society and politics.<mask> became interested in film in 1914 through her friend, actress Stacia Napierkowska. The two women traveled to Italy together shortly before World War I; Napierkowska was to act in a Film d'Art film, and Dulac learned the basics of the medium during that trip. In the early 1900s through the late 1920s, <mask> frequently contrasted the modernity of the French capital to the provincial nature of rural France, a common dichotomy in her films. Soon after her return to France she decided to start a film company. <mask> and writer Irène Hillel-Erlanger then founded D.H. Films, with financial support provided by <mask>'s husband. The company produced several films between 1915 and 1920, all directed by Dulac and written by Hillel-Erlanger.These

masks: Dulac Dulac Dulac Dulac


title: Germaine Dulac

texts:
 included Les Sœurs ennemies (1915/16; <mask>'s first film), Vénus victrix, ou Dans l'ouragan de la vie (1917), Géo, le mystérieux (ou La vraie richesse, 1916), and others. <mask>'s first major success was Âmes de fous (1918), a serial melodrama written by Dulac herself. The film features an early appearance of actress Ève Francis, who introduced Dulac to her friend (later husband) Louis Delluc, filmmaker and critic. A short time later <mask> and Delluc collaborated on La Fête espagnole (Spanish Fiesta, 1920), another film featuring Francis, which was proclaimed one of the decade's more influential films and allegedly a major French Impressionist Cinema work. However, only a few excerpts from the film exist today. <mask> and Delluc went on to collaborate on a number of pictures. In 1921, Dulac reflected on a meeting with D.W. Griffith in an article she wrote titled "Chez D.W.Griffith." In the article, <mask> presented two popular themes which arise in many of her films:
 Autonomy for the cinema as an independent art form free from the influences of painting and literature. The importance of the filmmaker as an individual artistic and creative force. She continued her career in filmmaking, producing both simple commercial films and complex pre-Surrealist narratives such as two of her most famous works: La Souriante Madame Beudet (The Smiling Madame Beudet, 1922/23) and La Coquille et le Clergyman (The Seashell and the Clergyman, 1928). Both films were released before the epoch-making Un Chien Andalou (1929) by Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí, and La Coquille et le Clergyman is sometimes credited as the first Surrealist film; however, some scholars, such as Ephraim Katz, consider <mask> first and foremost an Impressionist filmmaker. <mask>'s goal of "pure cinema" and some of her works inspired the French Cinema

masks: Dulac Dulac Dulac Dulac Dulac Dulac Dulac


title: Germaine Dulac

texts:
 pur film movement. Her other important experimental films include several shorts based on music: Disque(s) 957 (1928/29; based on Chopin) and Thème et variations (1928/29; classical music), and others from the same period.In 1929, she was awarded the Legion of Honor in recognition of her contributions to the film industry in France. With the advent of sound film, <mask>'s career shifted. From 1930, she returned to commercial work, producing newsreels for Pathé and later for Gaumont. She died in Paris on 20 July 1942. Filmography
The exact chronology of <mask>'s oeuvre has not yet been established. Notes

References
 <mask>, Germaine (1994). Écrits sur le cinéma : (textes réunis par Prosper Hillairet).Éditions Paris Expérimental. Williams, Tami Michelle (2007). Beyond Impressions: The Life and Films of Germaine <mask> from Aesthetics to Politics. PhD thesis. University of California Los Angeles. Further reading
 Dozoretz, Wendy (1982). <mask> <mask> : Filmmaker, Polemicist, Theoretician.Diss., New York University, 362 pp. Ford, Charles. <mask> <mask> : 1882 - 1942, Paris : Avant-Scène du Cinéma, 1968, 48 p. (Serie: Anthologie du cinéma ; 31)
 Katz, Ephraim, Fred Klein, Ronald Dean Nolan (2005). The Film Encyclopedia; (5th edition). New York: HarperPerennial. .
 Williams, Tami (2014). <mask> <mask> : A Cinema of Sensations. University of Illinois Press.External links

 Germaine Dulac and newsreel: 3 articles; introduction by Siân Reynolds. The Seashell and the Clergyman at UbuWeb

 Literature on Germaine Dulac

1882 births
1942 deaths
People from Amiens
French women film directors
French film directors
Silent film directors
French surrealist artists
French socialist feminists
Surrealist filmmakers
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
Women experimental filmmakers
Women surrealist artists
Surrealist

masks: Dulac Dulac Dulac Dulac Germaine Dulac Germaine Dulac Germaine Dulac


title: Roselle Nava

texts:
<mask> (born March 28, 1976), professionally and more commonly known as <mask>, is a Filipino singer, film and television actress, and politician. She is a multi-platinum female singer in the Philippines and one of the most in-demand divas during the 90s era. She is tagged as the "Philippines' Sentimental Diva" and the "former supreme songbird of ABS-CBN". She was formerly dubbed as the "90s Philippine Pop Queen". She started her career as a part of ABS-CBN's defunct youth-oriented show Ang TV (1992–1997) together with Jolina Magdangal, Claudine Barretto, Antoinette Taus, etc. She was also a regular host and performer of ASAP, the Philippines longest variety show, from 1995 to 2004 and since 2015. She is the singer behind the hits like Bakit Nga Ba Mahal Kita, Maniniwala Ba Ako, Dahil Mahal Na Mahal Kita, Laging Ikaw Parin, Ikaw Pala, Mahal Mo Ba'y Di Na Ako, and Huwag Ka Nang Babalik.Showbiz career

From 1994 to 1995, she was hailed as the Best Female Singer of the Year for the song You by Awit Awards. In 1994, her very first signature hit, Bakit Nga Ba Mahal Kita (Why Do I Love You? ), became the number one charted song in the Philippines and stayed in the radio charts for 8 months from 1994 to 1995. It became the theme song of many Filipinos who went through heart breaks and got lost in love. In 1997, however her commercialized success of Dahil Mahal Na Mahal Kita, her carrier single from her 3rd album (Roselle: On Higher Ground), emerged immediate success and even spanned a film with the same name and even in album registry. To date, Dahil Mahal Na Mahal Kita was also covered four times by different artists: Rachelle Ann Go for The Gulong Ng Palad (2006) Soundtrack and Zsa Zsa Padilla's rendition for the Afternoon Soap theme Magkano Ang Iyong Dangal? in 2010, in 2013 by Vice Ganda for the soundtrack of the Primetime series Huwag Ka Lang Mawawala, and in 2018, Jonalyn

masks:
Roselle Paulino Nava Tan
Roselle Nava


title: Roselle Nava

texts:
 Viray (aka Jona), for the teleserye Asintado.In 2000, she revived the Barry Manilow song "Somewhere Down The Road" for the Blockbuster Film "Minsan Minahal Kita" which also was included in the Original Motion Picture Soundtrack; and in 2002, her comeback platinum hit with Star Records "Huwag Ka Nang Magbabalik for the film Ngayong Nandito Ka and Jologs. In 2002, <mask> was chosen as the interpreter for the song, Free, composed by Gino Torres. The demo version was recorded by Carol Banawa. But the composer chose <mask> to do the final and live version. It became as one of the finalists of ABS-CBN's JAM: Himig Handog sa Makabagong Kabataan. It also became the theme song of ABS-CBN's summer station ID in the same year. <mask> <mask>'s last album with Star Records (ABS-CBN's recording outfit) All About Love achieved the Platinum Status but was never awarded to her.She moved to Viva Entertainment Agency and signed up for several projects. VIVA did not commercialise her artistry as her recent albums got no awards. The poor sales performance of her albums affected her singing career. In 2010, Bakit Nga Ba Mahal Kita was also re-recorded by Laarni Lozada for the Afternoon Drama "Alyna"; and Kakai Bautista, Philippines' Dental Diva, as her carrier single for her debut album under Star Music in 2017. Vocal profile
<mask>'s voice can be classified as soprano as her style is very similar with Regine Velasquez's singing prowess. She suffered from a throat virus which affected the brilliance of her voice. She was able to cope up through healing sessions and support of her fans.Recent trends
In 2009, she was part of the talked-about successful concert entitled "Divas of the 90s", produced by VIVA Entertainment Company. Her co-performers were Geneva Cruz, Jessa Zaragoza, and Rachel Alejandro. On February 13, 2016, she also had a successful concert with other OPM icons entitled LOVE

masks: Roselle Roselle Roselle Nava Roselle


title: Roselle Nava

texts:
 THROWBACK held in PICC (Philippine International Convention Center). On February 4, 2018, <mask> as one of the OPM gems in the country. She sang her signature hits with ABS-CBN's homegrown talents. The tribute showed how she started as a prime diva of ABS-CBN and what's her life now. <mask> was awarded a plaque of recognition with her contribution to OPM.Personal life
She married Allen Ford Tan on January 18, 2010, at the Manila Cathedral in Manila. They have two sons: Rafa and Ram. Filmography
Masked Singer Pilipinas (2020)
I Can See Your Voice (January 6, 2018; December 29, 2018 with Nikki Valdez and Desiree del Valle)
The Singing Bee (2014)
Sarah G. Live (2012)
Babang Luksa (2011)
Masayang Tanghali Bayan (TV show) (2003-2004)
I Think I'm In Love (2002)
Bayani (1997) - Atang de la Rama
Mangarap Ka (1995)
Hataw Na (1995)
ASAP 20 (TV show) (1995-2003; 2010, 2015–present)
Oki Doki Doc (TV sitcom) (1993-2007)
Ang TV (TV show) (1992)

Discography

Roselle album under Ivory Music (1994)
AWARD: Platinum Record (40,000 copies sold)
 You — Best Performance by a Female Recording Artist Awit Awards (1995)
 Bakit Nga Ba Mahal Kita — Movie soundtrack Mangarap Ka (1995)
 Is It My Imagination
 Iba Tayo
 Sana (Ako'y Nasa Langit Na)
 Wag Mo Na Lang Pansinin
 Got To Be There
 Sana'y Di Magtagal

Say It Again album under Ivory Music (1996)
AWARD: Platinum Record (40,000 copies sold)

 Waiting For You
 Say It Again
 Habang Narito Ako
 Woncha Dance With Me
 How Many Ways
 Nasaan Ka Na? Higit Pa Sa Isang Kaibigan
 How Can I? Maniniwala Ba Ako? Say That You Love Me — Movie soundtrack Hataw Na (1995)

On Higher Ground album under Star Music (1997)
AWARD: Double Platinum Record (80,000 copies sold)

Dahil Mahal Na Mahal Kita — Movie soundtrack Dahil Mahal Na Mahal Kita (1998)
He's Somehow Been (A Part Of Me)
Laging Ikaw Pa Rin
Para Sa 'Yo
Do You Love Me? Please Stay
Ikaw Pala
I Should Have

masks: RoselleAP Roselle


title: Luka Modrić

texts: <mask> (; born 9 September 1985) is a Croatian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for La Liga club Real Madrid and captains the Croatia national team. He plays mainly as a central midfielder, but can also play as an attacking midfielder or as a defensive midfielder. He is widely regarded as one of the best midfielders of all time and as the greatest Croatian footballer ever. Born in Zadar, <mask>'s childhood coincided with the Croatian War of Independence which displaced his family. In 2002, he was signed by Dinamo Zagreb at age 16, after showing promise with his hometown club NK Zadar's youth team. He continued his development in Zagreb, before spells on loan to Zrinjski Mostar and Inter Zaprešić. He made his debut for Dinamo in 2005 and won three consecutive league titles and domestic cups, being named the Prva HNL Player of the Year in 2007.In 2008, he moved to Premier League club Tottenham Hotspur for a club-record transfer fee of £16.5 million, where he led Spurs to their first UEFA Champions League appearance in almost 50 years, reaching the quarter-finals of the 2010–11 tournament. In the summer of 2012, <mask> joined Real Madrid for a £30 million transfer fee. There he became a key contributor and helped the team win La Décima and was selected for the 2013–14 Champions League squad of the season. After Zinedine Zidane took over Madrid, <mask> was critical to three consecutive Champions League titles from 2015–16 to 2017–18, each time being voted into the squad of the season. He has won seventeen major trophies at Real Madrid, including four UEFA Champions League titles, two La Liga titles, one Copa del Rey and three FIFA Club World Cup titles. He won the La Liga Award for "Best Midfielder"

masks:
Luka Modrić
Modrić
Modrić
Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 in 2016 for the second time, and the UEFA Club Football Award for "Best Midfielder" in 2017 and 2018. In 2015, he became the first Croatian player to be included in the FIFA FIFPro World XI, in which he was regularly included until 2019, as well in the UEFA Team of the Year between 2016 and 2018.In 2018, <mask> became the first Croatian player to win the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award, and by winning The Best FIFA Men's Player and Ballon d'Or awards, he became the first player other than Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo to claim the awards in more than a decade. In 2019, he was awarded the Golden Foot award for career results and personality. <mask> made his international debut for Croatia against Argentina in March 2006, and scored his first international goal in a friendly match against Italy. <mask> has anchored Croatia's "second Golden Generation", participating in every major tournament Croatia has qualified for, including the UEFA European Championship in 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020, as well as the FIFA World Cup in 2006, 2014, and 2018. At Euro 2008, he was selected for the Team of the Tournament, becoming only the second Croatian to ever achieve this honour. Following group stage eliminations in his first two World Cups, <mask> led Croatia to the 2018 World Cup Final, and he received the Golden Ball award for best player of the tournament. In March 2021, he went on to become the country's most capped player in history.Furthermore, he has been named Croatian Footballer of the Year a record ten times between 2007 and 2021. Early life

<mask> <mask> was born on 9 September 1985 and was raised in the hamlet of Modrići, which is a part of Zaton Obrovački, a village situated on the southern slopes of the

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Luka Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 mountain Velebit, north of the city of Zadar in SR Croatia, then a republic within SFR Yugoslavia. He is the oldest child of Stipe <mask> from Modrići and Radojka Dopuđ from Kruševo near Obrovac, both of whom initially worked in a knitwear factory. <mask> mostly spent his early years in the stone house of his paternal grandfather after whom he was named, located on the road above the hamlet of Modrići, and was shepherding goats as a five-year-old. However, his childhood coincided with the Croatian War of Independence—in 1991, when the war escalated, his family were forced to flee the area. <mask>'s grandfather <mask> was executed by Serb rebels who were part of the police of SAO Krajina in December 1991 near his house in Modrići, and after the family fled, the house was burned to the ground. <mask> became a refugee and lived with his family in the Hotel Kolovare for seven years; he later moved to the Hotel Iž, both in Zadar.His father joined the Croatian Army as an aeromechanic. In those years, thousands of bombs fell on the city and football was a way to escape the reality of war. He recalls it as a tough time for his family and something which shaped him as a person. He also said he was mostly unaware of the war because he befriended many other children and their parents did not let it affect their childhood. In these difficult circumstances, <mask> began playing football, mostly at the hotel parking lot. In 1992, he simultaneously entered the primary school and a sporting academy, the latter paid for with the little money the family had, sometimes helped by <mask>'s uncle. As a boy he was inspired to play football by Zvonimir Boban and Francesco Totti.Club career

Early years
Supported by his family, he

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Luka Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 participated in representative camps and trained in NK Zadar. He was under tutelage of coach Domagoj Bašić and the head of the youth academy, Tomislav Bašić. Tomislav Bašić, considered by <mask> as his "sporting father", said <mask>'s father made him wooden shin guards because they had little money. However, <mask> later denied the story. Due to being considered too young and light, he was not signed by Croatian powerhouse Hajduk Split, the most representative football club in the region of Dalmatia. After displaying some talent, including at youth tournament in Italy, Tomislav Bašić arranged <mask>'s move to Dinamo Zagreb when <mask> was a 16-year-old in late 2001. After a season with Dinamo Zagreb's youth side, <mask> was loaned in 2003 to Zrinjski Mostar in the Bosnian Premier League.During this period, he established his versatile style of play and became the Bosnian Premier League Player of the Year at only the age of 18. <mask> later said, "Someone who can play in the Bosnian Premier League can play anywhere," referring to its physical nature. The following year, he was loaned to Croatian side Inter Zaprešić. He spent one season there, helping the team to achieve second position in the Prva HNL and a place in the preliminary round of the UEFA Cup. He also won the Croatian Football Hope of the Year award in 2004. He returned to Dinamo Zagreb in 2005. Dinamo Zagreb
In the 2005–06 season, <mask> signed a ten-year contract (his first long-term contract) with Dinamo Zagreb.With the contract's earnings, he bought a flat in Zadar for his family. He secured a place in Dinamo's first team, contributing 7 goals in 31 matches to help win the league. In the 2006–07 season, Dinamo again won the league, with <mask>

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 making a similar contribution. He was the main provider for striker Eduardo, which helped <mask> win the Prva HNL Player of the Year award. The following season, <mask> as a team captain, led Dinamo's attempt to qualify for the 2007–08 UEFA Cup. In the final play-off stage, <mask> converted a penalty in the second and away fixture against Ajax; the match finished 1–1 after regular time. Dinamo won the match and play-off with a score of 3–2 after extra time with two goals from teammate Mario Mandžukić.However, Dinamo Zagreb failed to advance beyond the group stage. In his last home match with the club at Maksimir Stadium, <mask> was given a standing ovation and fans held up supportive banners. He finished his four-year tenure at Dinamo with a tally of over 31 goals and 29 assists in four league seasons, contributing most notably in the 2007–08 season when Dinamo won the second Croatian Cup and became champions by a 28-point margin. <mask> was courted by Barcelona, Arsenal and Chelsea, but opted to wait leaving the club. Tottenham Hotspur

2008–10: Struggle and success in England

<mask> agreed to transfer terms with Tottenham Hotspur on 26 April 2008. He was the first of many summer signings for manager Juande Ramos, and was also the Premier League's first summer transfer. Club chairman Daniel Levy promptly flew to Zagreb when Manchester City and Newcastle United became interested, and after signing a six-year contract, Tottenham confirmed the transfer fee paid was £16.5 million, equalling the club's record fee set by Darren Bent's move in 2007.He got number 14 jersey, later recalling that he wore it in honour of Johan Cruyff. <mask> made his competitive Premier League debut on 16 August in a 2–1 defeat to

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts: Middlesbrough at the Riverside Stadium in Spurs' first match of the 2008–09 season. <mask> had a slow start at Tottenham. He suffered from a knee injury early in his tenure and was labelled as a light-weight for the Premier League by sections of the media, as well as Arsenal manager Arsène Wenger. Reflecting on that, <mask> said that such "critics push you forward to show people they are wrong. Maybe I look lightweight but I am a really strong person mentally and physically, and I never had any problems with my size". This coincided with his poor form, leading to concerns both for himself and Croatia national team head coach Slaven Bilić.<mask> spent his early days at a position of number 10, before being shifted to the left wing to play alongside Wilson Palacios. Spurs teammate Tom Huddlestone later said, "[H]is versatility was probably a blessing and a curse, he was that good that he had to play out of position for a bit." After the appointment of manager Harry Redknapp, <mask> was given a more familiar role as a central or left-sided midfielder, allowing him to have more influence on the team and use his footballing talent more productively, for example in a 4–4 draw with arch-rivals Arsenal on 29 October. Redknapp recognised <mask>'s value to his side and planned to shape his new team around the Croatian playmaker. He scored his first competitive goal at Tottenham in a 2–2 draw against Spartak Moscow during the UEFA Cup group stages on 18 December 2008. He scored his first Premier League goals against Newcastle United in an away defeat on 21 December, a home win in the third round of the FA Cup against Wigan Athletic on 2 January 2009, and in an away defeat against Manchester United on 25 April 2009. Using

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 <mask> in his former position from his Dinamo days made him more effective with performances against Stoke City, Hull City, and most notably on 21 March when he scored the only goal in a win against Chelsea.Before the 2009–10 season, Redknapp said of <mask>, "[He's] a hell of a player and a manager's dream, so I am told. He trains like a demon and never complains, will work with and without the ball on the field and can beat a defender with a trick or with a pass. He could get into any team in the top four". On 29 August 2009, during Tottenham's 2–1 win over Birmingham City, <mask> was taken off injured with a suspected calf injury. The following day, it was confirmed <mask> had sustained a fracture to his right fibula and was expected to be out for six weeks. He returned on 28 December in the London derby against West Ham United, which Spurs won 2–0 with an 11th-minute goal scored by <mask> using the leg he had broken. He again scored in a home win against Everton on 28 February 2010, and in an away defeat against Burnley on 9 May.On 30 May 2010, <mask> signed a new six-year contract that ran until 2016. Upon signing, he said, "Tottenham Hotspur gave me my chance in the Premier League and I want to go on to achieve great success here with them. Yes, there have been enquiries from other big clubs, but I have no interest in going anywhere. Last season's top-four finish was an indication of where we are as a club and I feel I can continue to improve and go on to achieve everything I want to at Spurs." 2010–12: Outgrowing Tottenham Hotspur

On 11 September 2010, <mask> scored his first goal of the 2010–11 season in a 1–1 away draw at West Bromwich Albion. On 28 November, in a home match against Liverpool, <mask>

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts: scored a goal that was later credited as an own goal by Martin Škrtel. After a draw against Manchester United at White Hart Lane in January 2011, Redknapp praised <mask>, saying, "He was unbelievable.Magnificent. He's an amazing footballer, the little man takes the ball in the tightest areas with people around him, wriggling out of situations. He could play in any team in the world." <mask> also scored in Tottenham's 3–2 victory over Stoke City on 9 April, and converted a penalty at Anfield on 15 May in a 2–0 victory over Liverpool. <mask> helped Tottenham reach their first involvement in the UEFA Champions League. In the first match, against Inter Milan at the San Siro on 20 October, he exited the match early due to injury; Spurs lost 4–3, despite the tremendous efforts of Gareth Bale. On the return match at home, on 2 November, <mask> was given too much space to move and dictate the tempo of the match.He created and assisted for the first goal by Rafael van der Vaart in a 3–1 victory. In the next match, against Werder Bremen, <mask> scored the second goal. After a scoreless draw against Milan, Spurs were eliminated from the competition in the quarter-finals by Real Madrid. <mask> played 32 Premier League matches in the 2010–11 season, scoring three goals, recording two assists and making the highest average number of passes per match for Spurs with 62.5 and an accuracy rate of 87.4%. At the end of the season, <mask> was voted the Tottenham Hotspur Player of the Year. Then-Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson said he would have chosen <mask> as his Player of the Year for that season. In mid-2011, <mask> was heavily pursued by Tottenham's London rivals Chelsea, who made a first bid of £22 million, which


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 they increased to £27 million, both of which were rejected by Spurs chairman Daniel Levy.After the failed bids, <mask> announced he would welcome a move across London and that he had a "gentleman's agreement" with Levy the club would entertain offers from a "big club". Speculation continued throughout the summer transfer window, culminating in <mask> refusing to play in Tottenham's opening match of the 2011–12 season against Manchester United, which ended in a 3–0 loss. <mask> said his "head was not in the right place" as he continued to force a move to Chelsea. On the final day of the transfer window, Chelsea made an offer of £40 million that was again rejected. After failing to secure a transfer, Spurs manager Harry Redknapp told <mask> to focus on his playing and named him as a starter. On 18 September, he scored his first goal of the season for Tottenham with a shot from  in a 4–0 home win against Liverpool. On 14 January 2012, <mask> scored the only goal in a home draw with Wolverhampton Wanderers.On 31 January in a 3–1 win against Wigan Athletic, he assisted for the first goal with a crossfield pass and scored the second from . For the third time that season, he was included in "Team of the Week". <mask> scored his last goal for Tottenham on 2 May in a 1–4 away win against Bolton Wanderers with a powerful volley from . Real Madrid

2012–13: Becoming a starting eleven player in Real Madrid

On 27 August 2012, Real Madrid announced they had agreed on a deal with Tottenham for an approximate £30 million transfer fee. <mask> signed a five-year contract with the Spanish club. Two days later, he made his Real Madrid debut against Barcelona in the second leg final of the 2012 Supercopa de España at the Santiago


title: Luka Modrić

texts: Bernabéu Stadium, replacing Mesut Özil in the 83rd minute. Madrid won the match, giving <mask> his first trophy with the club 36 hours after his signing was announced.Despite his positive debut, <mask> at first struggled to settle into the team under manager José Mourinho because of his lack of pre-season training, which he missed as a result of his ongoing transfer negotiations. The presence of veteran midfielder Xabi Alonso and Sami Khedira in defensive midfield, and Özil in offensive midfield, usually kept <mask> out of the starting line-up, limiting him to substitute appearances. He mostly played out-of-position for his first few months at the club. He played his first UEFA Champions League match for Real Madrid in the group stage against Manchester City on 18 September, which Madrid won 3–2. On 3 November, <mask> scored his first goal for Real Madrid in the last minute of their 4–0 victory over Real Zaragoza in La Liga. On 17 November, <mask> assisted a Karim Benzema goal, which was eventually ruled an own goal by Jon Aurtenetxe, with a  cross-field pass. It was the first goal in a 5–1 victory over Athletic Bilbao.His most notable match that year was on 4 December, when he assisted for the first two goals of Cristiano Ronaldo and José Callejón with cross-field passes in a 4–1 victory over Ajax in the group stage of the Champions League. At the end of the year he was voted as the worst signing of the season by Spanish newspaper Marca. <mask> started in Real Madrid's home match against rivals Barcelona on 2 March 2013. From a corner kick, he assisted Sergio Ramos to score the winning goal in the 82nd minute, giving Real a victory in El Clásico. On 5 March, <mask> came on as a second-half substitute during the


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 decisive Champions League knockout leg against ten-man Manchester United at Old Trafford. With Madrid behind by a goal, <mask> equalised with a long-range shot from  out and played a key role in the rest of the match, which Real Madrid won 2–1, advancing them to the quarter-finals 3–2 on aggregate. This match is often seen as the turning point in <mask>'s career in Real Madrid.On 16 March, he replicated this performance against Mallorca, giving Real Madrid the lead with a long-range volley from ; Real Madrid won the match 5–2. <mask> played as a starter in both Champions League semi-final matches against Borussia Dortmund. In the first leg on 24 April, he played in the attacking midfield position where he did not influence the match and the team lost 4–1. On 30 April, in the second leg 2–0 victory, <mask> played as the deep-lying playmaker, making passes to the attackers and creating several chances; he was among the best-rated players that night. From March 2013, <mask>'s form and influence in the midfield continued to improve, distinguishing himself as a player with most passes completed in his team. On 8 May, he assisted from the corner for the first goal and scored the fourth goal in a 6–2 victory over Málaga. 2013–15: Best midfielder in Spain and La Décima

With the arrival of new manager Carlo Ancelotti, <mask> became one of the most frequent starters in the team, being partnered in midfield with Xabi Alonso to provide a balance of defence and attack.He was consistently the team's most efficient passer, averaging 90% accuracy in La Liga, and also having the most ball recoveries among the squad. He scored his first goal of the 2013–14 season in the last Champions League group match against Copenhagen, making

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts: it his fifth goal for the club, all five of which were scored from the outside the penalty area. <mask> scored his first goal of the Liga season in a 3–0 away win against Getafe, his sixth goal outside the penalty area. <mask> was on the pitch when Real Madrid won the 2013–14 Copa del Rey after defeating Barcelona 2–1 in the final. In the first leg of the Champions League quarter-finals, <mask> intercepted the ball and assisted Cristiano Ronaldo for the third goal in Real Madrid's 3–0 home victory against Borussia Dortmund. The goal was ultimately decisive because Real went on to lose 2–0 in the second leg, but progressed with a marginal aggregate score of 3–2. In his 100th appearance for the club, <mask> assisted for the first goal in the second leg 4–0 victory over Bayern Munich in the Champions League semi-final, helping Real Madrid reach the final for the first time in 12 years.He was included in UEFA's Team of the Week for both legs of the semi-final. On 24 May in the final, <mask> again assisted from a corner for teammate Sergio Ramos, who scored a 93rd-minute equaliser against local rivals Atlético Madrid. Real won 4–1 in extra time, marking the club's tenth Champions League title, locally known as la Décima ("the tenth"). He was included in the UEFA Champions League Team of the Season and received the LFP award for the "Best Midfielder" of the Spanish first league of that season. In August 2014, <mask> signed a new contract to stay at Real Madrid until 2018. With the departure of Alonso he was partnered with newly arrived Toni Kroos. Real Madrid began the 2014–15 season by winning the UEFA Super Cup over Sevilla Modrić assisted twice for Bale, first against Real Sociedad in La Liga, and second against


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 Basel in the Champions League.In the 2–0 away win against Villarreal, <mask> scored his seventh goal from outside of the box. In late November, <mask> sustained a thigh injury during an international match against Italy, because of which he did not play for three months. He returned in early March 2015, starting in seven matches and proving his form. On 21 April, in the 3–1 home win against Málaga, he strained ligaments in his right knee, because of which he did not play until May. With his injury, Real Madrid's 22-match winning run in the season came to an end. His absence and the lack of a quality substitute were seen as the main cause of Real Madrid's failure to win matches in La Liga and the Champions League. Ancelotti said, "<mask> has missed most of the year and this has hurt us".<mask>'s influence was recognised and he was selected by professional players in the FIFA FIFPro World XI. 2015–17: Among best world players and La Undécima and Duodécima

For the 2015–16 season, Carlo Ancelotti was replaced by Rafael Benítez under whom <mask> continued to be a key midfield player. <mask> began the season assisting in September, November and December, and scoring in the 3–4 away win against Shakhtar Donetsk in the Champions League group stage. He sustained a muscular groin injury during an international match against Bulgaria in October, initially suggesting an absence of two-to-three weeks. However, by 20 October, he had recovered in time for the match against Paris Saint-Germain. With the arrival of new manager Zinedine Zidane in January 2016, the relationship between them was noted in the media, with <mask> described as "master of the game", and the crucial "connector" of the defence and attack. It was seen in


title: Luka Modrić

texts: the first three matches, wins against Deportivo de La Coruña and Sporting de Gijón and a draw against Real Betis, in which <mask> was praised for creating chances, his positioning and overall performance and influence.On 7 February, <mask> scored a winning goal from outside the box in a 1–2 away win against Granada. <mask> was a regular in the starting line-up when the team won the 2015–16 Champions League in the final against Atlético Madrid. He was included in both Champions League, and La Liga's team of the season. For the second time, he also received the LFP award for the "Best Midfielder" of the Spanish first league. He was for the second time included in the FIFA FIFPro World XI. On 18 October 2016, <mask> signed a new contract with Real Madrid, keeping him at the club until 2020. Due to injury of a left knee sustained in mid-September, he missed eight matches, returning early November.On 18 December, he won the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup with Real Madrid, receiving the Silver Ball for his performances during the tournament. In January 2017, for the first time was included in the UEFA Team of the Year (2016). On 12 March 2017, in a 2–1 win over Real Betis, <mask> played his 200th match for Real Madrid. <mask> was a regular starter when Real Madrid won the 2016–17 La Liga, as well as the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, where he provided the assist for Cristiano Ronaldo's second goal in the final against Juventus. <mask> was included in Champions League team of the season and became the first Croatian to win the Champions League three times. He also received the UEFA Club Football award for Best Midfielder of the Champions League season. In the competition for the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award, he came


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 fourth, while for 2017 Ballon d'Or, fifth.For the third time, he was also included in the FIFA FIFPro World XI. 2017–18: Ballon d'Or and third consecutive Champions League title

With the departure of James Rodríguez to Bayern Munich, <mask> inherited the team's coveted number 10 jersey for the new 2017–18 season, replacing his previous number 19 jersey. In December, he won the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup with Real Madrid and received the Golden Ball award as the best player of the competition for his performance. His first goal of the season came in a 7–1 win over Deportivo de La Coruña on 21 January 2018. In the same month was for the second time included in the UEFA Team of the Year (2017). <mask> was a regular starter when Real Madrid won the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, starting in the final victory against Liverpool which saw Madrid win their third consecutive title. For his performances throughout the campaign, <mask> was included in Champions League team of the season for the third consecutive time.He later received the UEFA Club Football Award for Best Midfielder of the Champions League season for the second consecutive time. Due to his club, and national team performance at the 2018 FIFA World Cup, where also received the Golden Ball, in August and September <mask> won the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award and The Best FIFA Men's Player Award, while in December, he added the Ballon d'Or to his personal tally, marking the first time since 2007 that the award was not won by Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo, which polarized the people involved in the sport into two camps about the credibility of the award. Furthermore, besides becoming the first Croatian player to win these awards, <mask> was the first


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 player to win both the World Cup Golden Ball and the UEFA Men's Player of the Year Award in the same year since Ronaldo in 1998, and the World Cup Golden Ball and the Best FIFA Men's Player of the Year Award after Romário in 1994. Additionally, he is the first player to win the awards from the former Yugoslavia territory, the first footballer from Eastern Europe to win a Ballon d'Or after Andriy Shevchenko in 2004, and the tenth player from Real Madrid to capture the trophy. Furthermore, winning the trophy triggered a clause in his contract, ensuring his stay at the club until 2021. He was also included in the FIFA FIFPro World XI for the fourth time, and won the IFFHS World's Best Playmaker award. After receiving the FIFA Men's Player of the Year Award, <mask> stated it "shows that we all can become the best with hard work, dedication, and belief, all dreams can come true".<mask> dedicated the Ballon d'Or to "all the players who probably deserved to win it and didn't" in the past decade, including Xavi, Andrés Iniesta, and Wesley Sneijder among others. 2018–22: Second time champion of Spain and Golden Foot
The arrival of new manager Julen Lopetegui in August 2018 saw <mask> given a steady return to the first team as a substitute due to his lack of pre-season training after the 2018 World Cup. This included a substitute appearance in his team's 2–4 loss after extra time against Atlético Madrid in the UEFA Super Cup. His first start of the season came on 1 September in a 4–1 home win against Leganés, in which he assisted his side's third goal, scored by Karim Benzema. His 100th appearance in the UEFA club competition came on 19 September in a 3–0 home win against Roma, in which he assisted the second goal, scored

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts: by Gareth Bale. On 22 December, <mask> won his third FIFA Club World Cup, scoring the first goal and assisting for the third in the final against Al Ain. On 13 and 19 January 2019, <mask> for the first time scored in two consecutive league games for Real Madrid, in a 1–2 away win against Real Betis and 2–0 home win against Sevilla.In the same month was included in the UEFA Team of the Year (2018) for the third time in his career. From 27 February to 5 March, <mask> went through what he described as "the most difficult week of his football life," with Real Madrid losing to Barcelona twice and Ajax and crashing out of Copa del Rey, title race and the Champions League, respectively. Despite having had an underwhelming season, for the fifth consecutive time he was included in the FIFA FIFPro World XI. On 27 August 2019 was the seventh anniversary of <mask>'s signing with the club. Although raising doubts due to age of 34 and decision to continue playing with the national team which makes him prone to injuries, <mask> stated that wants to "recapture his best form this season". On 1 September and 9 November made his first assists in a 2–2 away draw against Villarreal and in a 0–4 away victory against Eibar, while first goal on 5 October in a 4–2 home victory against Granada. On 12 November was awarded with a Golden Foot award.On 23 November he made two assists and scored a goal in a 3–1 home victory against Real Sociedad. On 8 January 2020, <mask> scored his fifth goal of the season and 100th career goal in a 3–1 victory against Valencia in the semi-finals of 2019–20 Supercopa de España. On 12 January he successfully converted a penalty in a shootout as Real Madrid beat Atlético Madrid 4–1 on penalties in the final.


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 Following the continuation of La Liga after a three month suspension due to COVID-19 pandemic, <mask> was praised for being one of Real Madrid's best players despite his age, resulting in numerous media outlets wondering about prolongation of his contract with the club. On 16 July, he assisted Benzema's opening goal in a 2–1 victory over Villarreal, as Real Madrid secured the league title. On 21 October, he scored his first goal of the 2020–21 season in a Champions League 3–2 defeat to Shakhtar Donetsk. The goal made him the fourth player in the history of the club to score in the competition aged 35 or more, alongside Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás and Francisco Gento.It was named the Goal of the Week by UEFA. Three days later, he came off the bench to score his first ever Clásico goal, as Real Madrid defeated Barcelona 3–1. On 25 May 2021, he extended his contract with Real Madrid until 2022. On 24 October 2021, <mask> played his 400th game for Real Madrid in a 2–1 Clásico victory. On 30 October, <mask> captained Real Madrid for the first time, after Marcelo had given him the armband upon being substituted off in the 2–1 victory over Elche. On 16 January 2022, he scored the first goal in the 2022 Supercopa de España Final, as Real Madrid defeated Athletic Bilbao 2–0. The goal made him the oldest goalscorer in the history of the competition.International career

<mask> began his international career at youth level, playing for the Croatian under-15, under-17, under-18, under-19 and under-21 teams. He debuted in March 2001 for the under-15 team coached by Martin Novoselac, but nevertheless his talent and psychological maturity, he did not become a regular starter and leading player until physically

masks: Modrić Modrić Modrić Modrić


title: Luka Modrić

texts:
 strengthened and debuted for under-18. Novoselac considers him as a model for all young players because is a result of a gradual and continuous work and effort, as well as talent. <mask> made his full international debut for Croatia on 1 March 2006 in a friendly match against Argentina in Basel, which Croatia won 3–2. 2006–08: 2006 World Cup and Euro 2008
<mask> made two appearances at the 2006 FIFA World Cup finals as a substitute in the group fixtures against Japan, and Australia. With the appointment of new manager Slaven Bilić, <mask> earned greater recognition at international level; he scored his first goal in Croatia's 2–0 friendly win over world champions Italy on 16 August 2006 in Livorno. <mask>'s performances ensured a regular place in the international side and he gave a successful showing in Croatia's UEFA Euro 2008 qualifying campaign, which included home and away victories against England.As a young midfielder, much was expected of <mask>; he was often dubbed "the Croatian Cruyff". <mask> scored Croatia's first goal of Euro 2008, converting a penalty in the fourth minute of their 1–0 victory against hosts Austria on 8 June 2008 and becoming the team's youngest ever goalscorer at the European Championships (aged 22 years and 273 days). It was also the fastest penalty ever awarded and scored in the European Championships history. He continued to impress at the tournament and was named UEFA Man of the Match in Croatia's next match when they defeated one of the pre-tournament favourites and eventual finalists Germany. In the quarter-final against Turkey, <mask> took advantage of a mistake by veteran Turkish goalkeeper Rüştü Reçber, and crossed to teammate Ivan Klasnić for the first goal of the match