title: Dale Veasey

texts:
 losing to Big Van Vader in a handicap match with Joe Cazana on April 24, 1991. The following year, Veasey lost to "Hacksaw" Jim Duggan in a match for the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship on November 20 and, with Sgt. Buddy Lee Parker, lost to then WCW World Tag Team Champions The American Males on December 7, 1994.Appearing on WCW Saturday Night during early 1995, he lost singles matches against Sting, Brian Pillman and Renegade. Although losing to the American Males on August 21, they would later defeat Col. Robert Lee Parker's Stud Stable (Bunkhouse Buck & "Dirty" Dick Slater) during WCW Monday Nitro on September 18. Losing to The Nasty Boys on October 11 and Sting & Ric Flair on October 25, he and Parker would later appear in a 60-man Battle Royal where both he and his partner were eliminated by Cobra at World War Three '95 on November 11, 1995. After being eliminated, Veasey/Wright pulled Cobra out of the ring eliminating him from the battle royal as well, however nothing came from this. The following year, the State Patrol lost a match against Harlem Heat on WCW Saturday Night in Rome, Georgia on March 30, 1996. The State Patrol also toured Japan several times during the 1990s. On January 5, 1999 the State Patrol reunited in WCW's Worldwide losing to Brian Adams and Vincent.Veasey retired from active competition although he has since wrestled in the Georgia-based Columbus Championship Wrestling in January 2002. Championships and accomplishments
Texas All-Star Wrestling
TASW USA Junior Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
World Wrestling Council
WWC World Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Bob Brown
WWC Caribbean Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Sgt. Buddy Lee Parker
WWC North American Tag Team Championship (1 time) - with Bob Brown

References

External links
Cagematch: Lt. James Earl
Championship Wrestling from Florida: <mask>y
Profile at Online World of Wrestling

1960 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
Professional wrestlers from Florida
Professional wrestling jobbers
Sportspeople from


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

type: original

texts:
<mask>, 1st Baron <mask>,  (4 March 1651 – 26 April 1716) was an English Whig jurist and statesman. Somers first came to national attention in the trial of the Seven Bishops where he was on their defence counsel. He published tracts on political topics such as the succession to the crown, where he elaborated his Whig principles in support of the Exclusionists. He played a leading part in shaping the Revolution settlement. He was Lord High Chancellor of England under King William III and was a chief architect of the union between England and Scotland achieved in 1707 and the Protestant succession achieved in 1714. He was a leading Whig during the twenty-five years after 1688; with four colleagues he formed the Whig Junto. Early life
He was born at Claines, near Worcester, the eldest son of <mask>, an attorney in large practice in that town, who had formerly fought on the side of the Parliament, and of Catherine Ceaverne of Shropshire.After being at school at Queen Mary's Grammar School, Walsall, and The King's School, Worcester he was entered as a gentleman commoner at Trinity College, Oxford, and afterwards studied law under Sir Francis Winnington, who became solicitor-general, and joined the Middle Temple. Early political career
He soon became intimate with the leaders of the country party especially with Lord Essex, William Russell, and Algernon Sidney but never entered into their plans so far as to commit himself beyond recall. He was the author of a pamphlet supporting the Exclusion Bill, A Brief History of the Succession, Collected out of the Records and the

masks:
John Somers
Somers
John Somers


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts:
 Most Authentick Historians (1680). Somers showed that Parliament had for centuries regulated the succession of the English crown against the arguments of those who believed that Parliament had no right to alter the succession. Before the Norman Conquest of England in 1066, the Anglo-Saxon kings had been elected, and even after it Parliament had deposed kings and kings in turn had confirmed their title by Act of Parliament. Somers concluded:

...it hath been the constant opinion of all Ages that the Parliament of England had an unquestionable power to limit, restrain and qualify the Succession as they pleased, and that in all Ages they have put their power in practice; and that the Historian had reason for saying that seldom or never the third Heir in a right descent enjoyed the Crown of England. He was reputed to have written the Just and Modest Vindication of the Two Last Parliaments, which was published in April 1681 as the answer to Charles II's famous declaration of his reasons for dissolving them.The authorship of this has been disputed. According to Bishop Burnet it was "first penned by Sidney; but a new draught was made by Somers, and corrected by Jones". Lord Hardwicke saw a copy in <mask>'s handwriting amongst his manuscripts before they were destroyed by fire in 1752. In 1681 Lord Shaftesbury was sent to the Tower of London without bail or recourse to a trial. In November he was charged at the Old Bailey for high treason, specifically for intending to levy war against the king. However the grand jury of Middlesex threw out the bill against Lord


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts:
 who would take most Pains, and go deepest into all that depended on Precedents and Records". In Macaulay's words: "Somers rose last. He spoke little more than five minutes: but every word was full of weighty matter; and when he sate down his reputation as an orator and a constitutional lawyer was established".In his speech Somers cited the case of Thomas v. Sorrel (1674) whereby it was ruled that no Act of Parliament could be abrogated except through Parliament. The bishops' petition had been described as a false, malicious and seditious libel. In his peroration Somers answered this charge:

My Lord, as to all the matters of fact alleged in the Petition,—that they are perfectly true we have shown by the Journals of both Houses. In every instance which the petitioners mention, this power of dispensation was considered in Parliament, and, on debate, declared to be contrary to law. They could have no design to diminish the prerogative, because the King hath no such prerogative. Seditious, my Lord, the Petition could not be, for the matter of it must be seen to be strictly true. There could be nothing of malice, for the occasion, instead of being sought, was forced upon them.A libel it could not be, for the intent of the defendants was innocent, and they kept strictly within the bounds set by the law, which gives the subject leave to apply to his Prince by petition when he is aggrieved. Glorious Revolution

In the secret councils of those who were planning the Glorious Revolution <mask> took a leading part, and in the Convention Parliament was elected a member for


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts: of the Court of King's Bench regarding Titus Oates, and of the action of the Lords in sustaining this decision, <mask> was again the leading manager for the Commons, and has left a clear and interesting account of the debates. He was next employed in January 1690 as chairman of the select committee of the House of Commons on the Corporation Bill, by which those corporations which had surrendered their charters to the Crown during the last two reigns were restored to their rights; but he refused to associate himself with the violent measures of retaliation which the Whigs on that occasion endeavoured to include in the bill. Re-elected as MP for Worcester in March 1690, he gave a speech in April which carried through the lower house, without opposition, the bill which declared all the laws passed by the Convention Parliament (1689) to be valid. As Solicitor-General he had to conduct the prosecution of Lord Preston and <mask> in 1691, and did so with a moderation and humanity which were in marked contrast to the customs of the former reigns. He was soon after appointed Attorney General for England and Wales and in that capacity strongly opposed the Bill for the regulation of trials in cases of high treason. In December 1692 Somers introduced into the Commons a Bill "for the preservation of their Majesties' persons and government". The two main provisions of the Bill were severe penalties for anyone who spoke or printed asserted or implied that William and Mary were monarchs only "in fact" and not "of right", and a new oath for all who held offices of profit under the

masks:
Somers
John Ashton


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts: Crown in which they had to swear to defend the government against the exiled King James and his adherents.However the Bill was defeated by 200 to 175. On 23 March 1693, the Great Seal of the Realm having meanwhile been in commission, <mask> was appointed Lord Keeper, with a pension of £2000 a year from the day on which he should quit his office, and at the same time was made a privy councillor. He had previously been knighted. Somers now became the most prominent member of the Whig Junto, the small council which comprised the chief members of the Whig party. When William left in May 1695 to take command of the army in the Netherlands, Somers was made one of the seven Lords Justices to whom the administration of the kingdom during his absence was entrusted; and he was instrumental in bringing about a reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne. In 1696 he delivered perhaps his best known judgement in the Bankers case, a claim for compensation by several bankers who had suffered severe loss due to the Great Stop of the Exchequer of 1672 whereby the Crown had simply refused to pay its debts. The Court of Exchequer Chamber, after litigation of almost unprecedented length, found for the bankers; but Somers reversed the judgement on the technical point that the claim should have been brought by way of petition of right.Although his judgement was noted for erudition, it was much criticised for the result, in that the plaintiffs, after almost 25 years, were denied justice on a technicality. The House of Lords in turn reversed Somers's judgement in 1700. Lord


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts:
 Chancellor and impeachment
In April 1697 Somers was made Lord Chancellor, and was created a peer by the title of Baron <mask>, of Evesham. When the discussion arose on the question of disbanding the army, he summed up the case against disbanding, in answer to <mask> in a remarkable pamphlet called The Balancing Letter. In August 1698 he went to Tunbridge Wells for his health. While there he received the king's letter announcing the first Partition Treaty, and at once replied with a memorandum representing the necessity in the state of feeling in England of avoiding further war. When the king, on the occasion of the Disbanding Bill, expressed his determination to leave the country, Somers boldly remonstrated, while he dearly expressed in a speech in the Lords the danger of the course that was being taken.Hitherto Somers's character had kept him free from attack at the hands of political opponents; but his connection in 1699 with the notorious Captain William Kidd, to the cost of whose expedition Somers had given £1,000, afforded an opportunity; the vote of censure, however, proposed upon him in the House of Commons for giving Kidd a commission under the great seal was rejected by 199 to 131. The attack was renewed shortly on the ground of his having accepted grants of Crown property to the amount of £1600 a year, but was again defeated. On the subject of the Irish forfeitures a third attack was made in 1700, a motion being brought forward to request the king to remove Somers from his counsels and presence for ever; but this again was rejected by a large majority. In

masks:
Somers
John Trenchard


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts:
 perished; but his State papers remain, and are models of terse, luminous, and dignified eloquence. He had left a great reputation in the House of Commons, where he had, for four years, been always heard with delight; and the Whig members still looked up to him as their leader, and still held their meetings under his roof. ...In truth, he united all the qualities of a great judge, an intellect comprehensive, quick and acute, diligence, integrity, patience, suavity. In council, the calm wisdom, which he possessed in a measure rarely found among men of parts so quick and of opinions so decided as his, acquired for him the authority of an oracle. ... From the beginning to the end of his public life he was a steady Whig. A fire at the law offices of Charles Yorke in Lincoln's Inn Square on 27 January 1752 destroyed a large amount of Somers's surviving private papers. The Town of Somers, Connecticut was incorporated in 1734 by the General Court of Massachusetts and named for Somers. Notes

References
R. M. Adams, 'In search of <mask>rs', in Perez Zagorin (ed. ), Culture and Politics from Puritanism to the Enlightenment (University of California Press, 1980), pp.165–93. J. C. D. Clark, Reflections on the Revolution in France. A Critical Edition (Stanford University Press, 2001). Stuart Handley, 'Somers,  <mask>, Baron Somers  (1651–1716)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2008, accessed 6 June 2009. Henry Horwitz, Parliament, policy and politics in the reign of William III (Manchester University Press, 1977).

masks:
Baron Some
John


title: John Somers, 1st Baron Somers

texts:
 Michael Landon, The Triumph of the Lawyers. Their Role in English Politics, 1678–1689 (University of Alabama Press, 1970).Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second. Popular Edition in Two Volumes. (London: Longmans, 1889). William L. Sachse, Lord Somers. A Political Portrait (Manchester University Press, 1975)

Further reading
Richard Cooksey, Essay on the Life and Character of <mask> <mask> (1791). Henry Maddock, Account of the Life and Writings of Lord-Chancellor <mask> (1812). <mask>, Memoirs of the Life of <mask>, Lord Somers (1716).L. G. Schwoerer, The Declaration of Rights, 1689 (1981). External links

1651 births
1716 deaths
People educated at King's School, Worcester
People educated at Queen Mary's Grammar School
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
Attorneys General for England and Wales
Barons in the Peerage of England
Peers of England created by William III
Lord Chancellors of England
Lord High Stewards
Lord Presidents of the Council
Members of the Privy Council of England
Presidents of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
English MPs 1689–1690
Members of the Middle Temple
English MPs 1690–1695
Members of the Parliament of England for

masks:
John Lord
Somers
Somers
John Oldmixon
John


title: Hannibal Day

texts:
<mask> (February 15, 1804 – March 26, 1891) served as an officer in the United States Army. His career spanned 46 years, and included the Black Hawk War, Seminole War, Mexican–American War, and American Civil War. One of the oldest officers to serve in the Union Army, <mask> commanded a brigade in the Army of the Potomac and took part in combat at the Battle of Gettysburg. Early life
<mask> was born in Montpelier, Vermont on February 15, 1804, the son of Dr. <mask> (1778-1851), a career United States Army surgeon, and Avis (Bliss<mask> (1780-1859). He was educated in various locations as his father's work took the family from one military post to another. During the War of 1812, <mask> and the garrison of Fort Michilimackinac, Michigan, including <mask>, were taken prisoner by the British Army. The British held the prisoners at Fort Detroit during July and August 1812, then transported them by boat to Fort Erie, Ontario, where they were released on parole while British and American commanders negotiated a prisoner exchange.Later that year, army and United States Navy forces under the command of Jesse Elliott effected a rescue of the prisoners, who were carried by boat from the fort to Elliott's ships on Lake Erie. After the war, <mask> was raised and educated in Vermont. In 1818, he was appointed to the United States Military Academy. Ill health caused him to delay his enrollment until 1819. He graduated in 1823, ranked 23rd in a class of 35. Start of career
<mask> was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Infantry on July 1, 1823 and assigned to the 2nd Infantry Regiment. He remained primarily with the 2nd Infantry until 1862.<mask> served at Fort Brady, Michigan from 1823 to 1828 and on surveying and topographical duty in the Western

masks:
Hannibal Day
Day
Hannibal Day
Sylvester Day
) Day
Sylvester Day
Hannibal Day
Hannibal Day
Day
Day


title: Hannibal Day

texts:
 United States from 1828 to 1831. He served at Fort Niagara, New York and Fort Dearborn, Illinois in 1832 and 1833, and took part in the Black Hawk War. From 1833 to 1836, <mask> was on duty at Hancock Barracks, Maine and he served at Fort Independence, Massachusetts in 1836. He served on recruiting duty at various posts from 1836 to 1838 and took part in the Seminole War of 1838-1839. <mask> became ill in Florida and was on convalescent leave from 1839 to 1841. He returned to Florida in 1841 and remained until 1842. He served with the 2nd Infantry in Buffalo, New York from 1842 to 1845 and Detroit, Michigan from 1845 to 1846.He took part in the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1847, serving with the 2nd Infantry as part of David E. Twiggs' Brigade and participating in battles including Veracruz, Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, Moline del Rey and Chapultepec. <mask> served on recruiting duty from 1847 to 1848. He served at Fort Hamilton, New York in 1848, then completed a sea voyage to California between 1848 1849. After arriving in California, <mask> was on frontier duty at Sutterville, California, (1849), Bear Creek, (1849), Camp Far West (1850‑1851), and Benicia (1852‑1853). <mask> served at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri in 1854, then performed frontier duty at Fort Ridgely, Minnesota from 1854 to 1855. He was posted to Fort Ripley, Minnesota from 1855 to 1856. He then served in the Dakota Territory, performing duty at Fort Randall from 1856 to 1858, Fort Laramie from 1859 to 1860, and Fort Abercrombie from 1860 to 1861.American Civil War
<mask> was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel of the 2nd U.S. Infantry on February 25, 1861. From August to December 1861 he commanded the 2nd Infantry and was stationed in the Georgetown

masks: Day Day Day Day Day Day


title: Hannibal Day

texts:
 area of Washington, D.C. He was on recruiting duty from December 1861 to June 1863, and was promoted to commander of the 6th U.S. Infantry as a colonel on June 7, 1862. <mask> joined the Army of the Potomac on June 28, 1863. He served as commander of First Brigade, Second Division, V Corps under Brigadier General Romeyn B. Ayres, which included combat at the Battle of Gettysburg. His brigade sustained several casualties when it was attacked during deployment into the Wheatfield on July 2, 1863. The attack was executed by the brigade of Brigadier General William T. Wofford, and it cost <mask>'s brigade 382 killed and wounded.Afterwards, <mask>'s brigade was combined with that of Sidney Burbank, serving under Burbank in the Bristoe Campaign and the Mine Run Campaign. They were later made part of a brigade under Ayers in General Charles Griffin's First Division, V Corps. <mask> was one of the oldest officers commanding at Gettysburg; only his classmate George S. Greene was older. He was officially retired on August 1, 1863, but recalled for continued service. <mask> left the Army of the Potomac on August 22, 1863 and commanded Fort Hamilton in New York from August 1863 until June 8, 1864. He served on military commissions and courts martial from July 25, 1864 until his final retirement on June 15, 1869. On March 13, 1865, he received promotion to the brevet rank of brigadier general in recognition of his many years of service.Death and burial
<mask> died in Morristown, New Jersey on March 26, 1891. He was buried at Evergreen Cemetery in Leominster, Massachusetts. At the time of his death, he was the third-oldest living West Point graduate, with only Colonel William C. Young (Class of 1822) and Major General George S. Greene (class of 1823)


title: Hannibal Day

texts:
 having lived longer. Family
In 1831, <mask> married Anna Maria Houghton (1808-1891), the daughter of Colonel Thomas Houghton and Mary Legate (Chase) Houghton. Their children included:

Sylvester Henry <mask> (1840-1926), who served as postmaster of Carson City, Nevada and adjutant general of the Nevada National Guard
Russell Hamilton <mask> (1845-1882), an Army officer who died at Fort Thornburgh, Utah while on active duty
Murray Simpson <mask> (1845-1878), a United States Navy officer who died at sea. He was married to Anna Mary Greene, the daughter of Major General George S. Greene. Lavinia <mask> (1847-1933), the wife of Army surgeon John Van Rensselaer Hoff

Effective dates of promotion
During his career, <mask> was promoted from second lieutenant to colonel, and received promotion to brigadier general by brevet:

Second lieutenant, July 1, 1823
First lieutenant, April 4, 1832
Captain, July 7, 1838
Major, February 23, 1852
Lieutenant colonel, February 25, 1861
Colonel, January 7, 1862
Brevet brigadier general, March 13, 1865

See also

References

Sources

Books

Internet

Additional reading
 Boatner, Mark M., Civil War Dictionary, New York, D. McKay Co. [1959].Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, . Newell, Clayton R., and Charles R. Shrader, Of Duty Well and Faithfully Done: A History of the Regular Army in the Civil War, Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2011. Reese, Timothy J., Sykes' Regular Division 1861-1864, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1990. External links

1804 births
1891 deaths
People from Montpelier, Vermont
People from Morristown, New Jersey
United States Military Academy alumni
Union Army generals
Burials in Massachusetts
Military personnel from New


title: Harry Hawker

texts:
<mask> MBE, AFC (22 January 1889 – 12 July 1921) was an Australian aviation pioneer. He was the chief test pilot for Sopwith and was also involved in the design of many of their aircraft. After the First World War, he co-founded Hawker Aircraft, the firm that would later be responsible for a long series of successful military aircraft. He died on 12 July 1921 when the aircraft he was to fly in the Aerial Derby crashed in a park at Burnt Oak, Edgware, not far from Hendon Aerodrome. Early life
<mask> was born on 22 January 1889 at Moorabbin, Victoria in Australia, the second son of <mask>, a blacksmith, and Mary Ann Gilliard Anderson. He attended Moorabbin Primary School. As an 11-year-old, he worked at the Melbourne garage of Hall & Warden, helping to build engines for five shillings a week, moving on to the Tarrant Motor & Engineering Co, helping make Tarrant cars, where he qualified as a mechanic.In 1907, he moved again to become the chauffeur and mechanic for Ernest De Little in Caramut, Western Victoria. In 1910 he travelled to Diggers Rest, north-west of Melbourne, to see the first public demonstrations of powered flight made in Australia, and decided to go to England to become involved in aviation, arriving in May 1911. On 14 November 1917, Hawker married Muriel Alice Peaty at St Peter's Church, Ealing. Aviation career
In England, Hawker obtained a job with the Commer Car Company, moving to the Mercedes company in January 1912 and then to Austro Daimler. During this time he spent much of his spare time at Brooklands, then the hub of British aviation, and in June 1912 he got a job as a mechanic for the Sopwith Aviation

masks:
Harry George Hawker
Hawker
George Hawker


title: Harry Hawker

texts:
 Company. He soon persuaded Sopwith to teach him to fly, and succeeded in making his first solo flight after only three lessons. He was awarded his Royal Aero Club pilot's licence, No.297, in September 1912 and shortly afterwards, on 24 October, he won the Michelin Cup for flight endurance with a flight lasting 8 hr 23 min. He also appears to have been the first person to perform an intentional spin and recovery, demonstrating in 1914 one method (though generally not the one used today) to return to level flight from this unusual attitude. Because spins had killed several pilots, this was a major advance in aviation safety. Having established his name as an aviator, he became chief test pilot for Tom Sopwith. At Sopwiths in 1916, Hawker had the personal use of a small aircraft, the Sopwith Bee. He was also a regular competitor in motor car and motorcycle races at Brooklands before and after the First World War. Among his competitive achievements were a number of altitude records set in June 1913 He also won a £1,000 consolation prize in the Daily Mail Circuit of Britain Waterplane Race on 25 August 1913.Brief return to Australia
In 1914, <mask> returned to Australia to demonstrate the advanced Sopwith Tabloid, which he had helped design. A wild crowd nearly wrecked the plane on one occasion, and he further damaged it during stunt flying. On his return to England, he continued designing and testing aircraft with Sopwith throughout the First World War. Attempt at first transatlantic flight
After the war, together with navigator Kenneth Mackenzie Grieve, he attempted to win the Daily Mail £10,000 prize for the first flight across


title: Harry Hawker

texts:
 the Atlantic in "72 consecutive hours". On 18 May 1919, they set off from Mount Pearl, Newfoundland, in the Sopwith Atlantic biplane. After fourteen and a half hours of flight, the engine overheated and they were forced to change course to intercept the shipping lanes, where they were able to locate a passing freighter, the Danish Mary. The Mary did not have a functioning radio, so that it was not until six days later, when the steamer reached Butt of Lewis, Scotland, that word was received that they were safe.<mask> and Grieve were awarded a consolation prize of £5,000 by the Daily Mail. Hawker later named his second daughter Mary after the ship that had rescued him and Grieve. The Atlantic was found afloat and recovered by the US steamer Lake Charleville. The wheels from the undercarriage, jettisoned soon after takeoff were later recovered by local fishermen and later donated to the Rooms Provincial Museum in St John's. One wheel is currently on display at Admiralty House Communications Museum in Mount Pearl. A new beginning
In September 1920, Sopwith Aviation was liquidated because of fears the government would examine the wartime aircraft production contracts of companies like Sopwith and impose a crippling retrospective tax liability on them. <mask>, Tom Sopwith, Fred Sigrist, and Bill Eyre then formed a new company, each contributing £5,000.To avoid any possible claims against the new company for the wartime contracts of the old company, they chose to call it H.G. Hawker Engineering. (It was renamed Hawker Aircraft in 1933.) As Tom Sopwith put it: to avoid any muddle if we had gone on building aeroplanes and called them

masks:
Hawker
Harry Hawker


title: Harry Hawker

texts:
 Sopwiths—there was bound to be a muddle somewhere—we called the company the Hawker Company. I didn't mind. He was largely responsible for our growth during the war. Death
Hawker was killed on 12 July 1921 when his Nieuport Goshawk crashed while he was climbing away from Hendon Aerodrome while practising for the Aerial Derby."Medical examination led physicians to believe that Hawker had suffered a haemorrage and that he had tried to get back down on the ground." Fire in the air and spinal tuberculosis were considered contributing factors to his death. "The king sent a message of condolence, asserting 'The nation had lost one of its most distinguished airmen.'" Hawker is buried in St Pauls' Church, Hook, Chessington, Surrey. He was survived by his wife, Muriel, and two daughters. Honours
In 1978, he was honoured with a postage stamp depicting his portrait issued by Australia Post. In addition five hundred commemorative First Day Covers were printed, many of which were purchased but children and families attending the Moorabbin School.In 1989, Moorabbin Airport at Mentone in Australia was renamed "Moorabbin (Harry Hawker) Airport"

In 2007, Kingston University London named the extension to their Roehampton Vale Campus the "Hawker Wing". Notes

References

<mask>, Muriel. (1922) H. G<mask>, airman: his life and work, London: Hutchinson & Co.
 Harry Hawker Pioneer Aviator Society Home Page

1889 births
1921 deaths
Australian aviators
Aviators from Melbourne
Australian aerospace engineers
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in England
Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
Australian aviation record

masks:
Hawker
. Hawker


title: B. Scott

texts:
<mask>, best known as B<mask> (born April 21, 1981 in Franklin, Virginia) is an American television personality, radio show host and internet celebrity who is known for their YouTube videoblogs and their website, LoveBScott.com. They are also a contributing editor to The Glam Network, and an Ebony Magazine advice columnist. <mask>, who is transgender non-binary, has become a popular internet personality through their video blogging and their website. <mask> has interviewed celebrities such as Mariah Carey, Ne-Yo, Chaka Khan, Aubrey O'Day and Ashanti. They have appeared in the mainstream media, making appearances on The Tyra <mask> Show and shows on Oxygen and BET. Early life
<mask> was born in Franklin, Virginia, and was raised in Hertford County, North Carolina, by parents of African-American, Irish, Jewish and Meherrin ancestry. As a teenager, <mask> was selected to attend the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (NCSSM), a two-year public residential high school for students with a strong aptitude and interest in mathematics and science, located in Durham, North Carolina.After graduating from NCSSM in 1999, they attended University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, came out as gay in their sophomore year. They said in a video blog that they had feelings and were questioning previously but when they were a sophomore pre-med, they got their first romantic kiss from a man and realized they were attracted to men, and that they were using the intense pre-med education to distract themself from their sexuality. They stopped efforts to become a physician from the realization that it was a self-created  distraction. <mask> graduated in 2002 with a B.A. in Psychology. <mask> moved to Washington, DC where they briefly practiced as a licensed realtor in the Capitol Hill area. In June 2005, <mask>

masks:
Brandon Scott Sems
. Scott
Scott
Scott
Banks
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott


title: B. Scott

texts:
 moved to Los Angeles, California where they continued their work in real estate and as an interior designer.It was during this time that they began their interest in the entertainment industry, while briefly working in print ads as a fashion model. Video blogging and LoveBScott.com
On January 1, 2007, <mask> launched LoveBScott.com which primarily focuses on five pillars in pop culture: celebrity news, fashion, music, nightlife, and miscellaneous entertainment. The intent is to approach entertainment and celebrity news with a positive spin. The name lovebscott.com was selected in an effort to give their website a readily-identifiable personality with the mission of conveying a positive outlook. In May 2007, B. <mask> started incorporating YouTube videos into their website to personally connect with readers. The videos include personal observations, celebrity news, musical performances, political commentary, interviews and messages of encouragement to the audience. The videos are produced out of their Los Angeles residence.Their YouTube channel has over 90,000 subscribers, and has won numerous awards for viewership and subscriptions. <mask> has won the Best Video Blog by The Black Weblog Awards in 2007 and 2008. In January 2008  <mask> became a YouTube company partner. In 2009, they created The B. <mask> Show, a talk/variety-style internet show that ran concurrent to the original videoblog. Interview subjects included celebrities and important figures in the LGBT community. Interviews are conducted in <mask>'s home and broadcast on both the YouTube channel and the website. Celebrities interviewed have included Ne-Yo, Ashanti, Eva Marcille, LeToya Luckett of Destiny's Child, Mariah Carey, Jordin Sparks, and Chilli (of TLC).<mask>'s YouTube channel has led to recognition from numerous celebrities. Popular

masks: Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


title: B. Scott

texts:
 blogger Perez Hilton in 2007 named <mask> his "Favorite New YouTuber". In addition, on June 19, 2009, Academy Award winner Jamie Foxx declared on his Sirius Satellite Radio channel "The Foxxhole", "I love B. <mask>. [They're] very attractive. [They look] like a cross between Prince, Rosario Dawson and Lenny Kravitz." This unsolicited acclaim helped open B<mask> to a new level of recognition. Radio
In April 2010, they premiered The B. <mask> Show on Jamie Foxx's channel, The Foxxhole, on Sirius XM Satellite Radio.The premiere guest was former Destiny's Child member, Michelle Williams. The show was broadcast on Monday nights at 9PM ET on Sirius 106 and XM 149. It was announced via Twitter that <mask> would be discontinuing the radio show for personal reasons. Television

In 2010, <mask> appeared on The Tyra <mask> Show as part of the "Ambush Stranger Makeovers segment" and Oxygen (TV channel)'s Hair Battle Spectacular as a guest judge. Prior to these appearances, <mask> was a featured contributor to Extra. <mask> was also featured in "Too Hot to Handle," a 2013 season 2 episode of Chef Roblé & Co. on Bravo. 2013 BET Awards: 106 & Park Pre-Show controversy
In 2013 <mask> served as a red carpet correspondent for Style Stage at the 2013 BET Awards: 106 & Park Pre-Show.They were aired live at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles on June 30. Prior to the awards show itself Black Entertainment Television (BET) aired a pre-show with <mask> as the sole style correspondent. They were to have at least 12 one-on-one interview segments scheduled but only completed the first one, and were pulled from the stage in the middle of the second. <mask>, who regularly shares personal and public experiences with their fans, went public with allegations that after the first segment of the show they were pulled backstage and forced

masks:
Scott
Scott
. Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Banks
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott


title: B. Scott

texts: "to pull my hair back, asked me to take off my makeup, made me change my clothes and prevented me from wearing a heel." The outfit had been pre-approved, but they were told it was unacceptable. <mask> acquiesced changing into men's clothes but was never put back on air, instead being replaced by singer Adrienne <mask>lon. BET issued a statement that it was a matter of miscommunication and they regret any offense.<mask> dubbed the BET statement as a non-apology. In August 2013 <mask> sued BET and parent company Viacom for discrimination on the basis of gender identity, gender expression, and sexual orientation. They sought $2.5 million in damages. In January 2014 TMZ acquired and released internal emails showing BET executives had corresponded with each other before the show that they did not want <mask> looking like a woman. Network Vice President Rhonda Cowen wrote back that she would "speak to [them] about being less 'womanly.'" After the show another BET executive, Monica Ware, wrote, "Unless we can make public the reason we didn't want [them] dressed the way [they] normally [do], I would stay away from suits, suit selections, etc." Huffington Post also received copies of the emails and confirmed TMZ'''s reporting.In April 2014 BET won the lawsuit when Los Angeles Superior Court judge Yvette Palazuelos determined that BET's rights to control its creative expression through managing the attire of on-screen talent was protected by the First Amendment, and ultimately trumped the discomfort and discrimination <mask> alleged suffering as a result of being forced to change into more traditionally masculine attire. <mask> appealed and reached a settlement of an undisclosed amount with BET in February, 2015. In March 2021, BET announced that <mask> will produce and host a new show on their network, Twenties

masks: Scott Bai Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott Scott


title: B. Scott

texts:
 The After Show. <mask> stated "I am proud to make history as the first trans non-binary person to host and executive produce a show at BET," and "I am in a place of forgiveness and I am honored to help turn the page on the past and be a part of the network's move toward a more inclusive future for everyone." Podcast
In 2015, <mask> launched 'The B. <mask> Show' podcast as a successor to their YouTube series of the same name. According to the show's description, "B<mask>, the ‘Queen of Tea,' serves up the hottest tea in pop culture with lovebscott.com's editor Denver Sean, signature one-on-one interviews and ‘Ask B. <mask>' advice." Other appearances
Since March 2007, <mask> has been hired as a celebrity talent; contributing to several publications and hosting events.On June 7, 2007, <mask> hosted the "White Party" at the Hollywood Black Film Festival in Los Angeles. They also hosted this event in Summer 2008. On April 4, 2008, <mask> kicked off gay Pride month at Yale University. During the festivities they were at the forefront of three events. <mask> hosted a Master's Tea at Yale University's Silliman College, a "Pride Meet and Greet" at Bespoke Restaurant and "After-party" at the Center Street Lounge in New Haven, CT.

On October 19, 2008, <mask> lead a team for the AIDS Walk Los Angeles and hosted the official AIDS Walk Los Angeles afterparty at Eleven Restaurant & Nightclub in West Hollywood. CA. On February 28, 2009, <mask> attended the 14th Annual Black Solidarity Conference at Yale University as a featured panelists on the "Disrobed: An Exposé of Black Sexuality" panel.In early 2010, following their interview with Mariah Carey, <mask> appeared in their video for "Up Out My Face" featuring Nicki Minaj. In March 2010, <mask> was the featured panelist for the first "Out in the Spotlight" panel

masks:
Scott
Scott
Scott
. Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott


title: B. Scott

texts:
 discussion at Morehouse College. This appearance, hosted by Morehouse's Safe Space LGBT Organization, was the college's first step at creating a bridge to the LGBT community.Bossip.com

 Personal life
In March 2021, <mask> stated "I am a trans non-binary person and I use they/them pronouns. My gender identity, who I am on the inside, doesn't fit the binary labels of 'man' or 'woman'." Awards
In 2014 <mask> was included as part of the Advocate's annual "40 under 40" list. In 2016, <mask> was included in OUT Magazine's OUT 100. The publication wrote, "Multimedia maven and androsexual B<mask> has come into his own in the past year, his cross-platform presence stronger than ever.At the 2013 BET Awards, he was instructed to dress more gender-normative, then plucked from his red-carpet-covering post. It was a slap in the face for the gender-nonconforming pop culture blogger, who was wearing a tunic, heels, and full makeup. But in 2015, he emerged from the subsequent discrimination lawsuit on a higher plane, with his own successful celebrity news and entertainment website, video opportunities, and an undisclosed settlement sum in the bank. Says <mask>, 'I am triumphing.'"'' References

External links

1981 births
Living people
People from Franklin, Virginia
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni
American gossip columnists
Transgender non-binary people
People from Hertford County, North Carolina
LGBT African Americans
African-American radio personalities
American bloggers
African-American bloggers
American infotainers
LGBT people from North Carolina
LGBT people from Virginia
North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics alumni
Journalists from Virginia
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century African-American writers
20th-century African-American people
21st-century LGBT

masks:
Scott
Scott
Scott
. Scott
Scott


title: Joshua Jebb

texts: <mask>,  (8 May 1793 – 26 June 1863) was a Royal Engineer and the British Surveyor-General of convict prisons. He participated in the Battle of Plattsburgh on Lake Champlain during the War of 1812, and surveyed a route between Ottawa River and Kingston where Lake Ontario flows into Saint Lawrence River. However, his route was not followed by Colonel By in building the Rideau Canal. <mask> was also involved in designing prisons and related buildings, including Pentonville Prison, Woking Convict Invalid Prison, Broadmoor Hospital, a secure mental hospital in Crowthorne in Berkshire, and Mountjoy Prison in the centre of Dublin. <mask> was the eldest son of <mask> of Walton, Derbyshire and his wife Dorothy, daughter of General Henry Gladwin of Stubbing Court. <mask> was born at Chesterfield on 8 May 1793. After passing through the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich he was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Royal Engineers on 1 July 1812.He was promoted to first lieutenant on 21 July 1813, and embarked for Canada in the following October. He served with the army under the command of General Francis de Rottenburg on the frontier of Lower Canada until the summer of 1814, when he joined the army of Lieutenant-general Sir George Prevost in the United States, and took part in the campaign of the autumn of 1814. He was present at the Battle of Plattsburgh, 11 September 1814, and was thanked in general orders. In 1816, he completed a survey for a canal which was designed to allow access to the Canadian heartland. He returned to England in 1820, after an extended service in Canada. He was stationed at Woolwich and afterwards at Hull until December 1827, when he embarked for the West Indies. He was promoted second captain on 26 February 1828, and was invalided home in September

masks:
Sir Joshua Jebb
Jebb
Life Jebb
Joshua Jebb
Joshua


title: Joshua Jebb

texts: 1829.Having recovered his health he was sent to Chatham. <mask> was appointed adjutant of the royal sappers and miners at Chatham on 11 February 1831, and promoted first captain on 10 January 1837. In 1837 inquiries conducted in America by William Crawford (1788–1847) led to the adoption of the "separate system" of prison discipline. <mask> was appointed Surveyor-General of prisons, in order to provide the home office with a technical adviser on the construction of prisons. He was employed in designing county and borough prisons, and was associated with the inspectors, Crawford and the Reverend William Whitworth Russell, in the design and construction of the "Model Prison" at Pentonville. <mask> continued in his military duties, and was quartered at Birmingham until he was seconded on 20 September 1839, and his services entirely devoted to civil work. On 10 March 1838 he had been appointed by the Lord President of the council to hold inquiries on the grants of charters of incorporation to Bolton and Sheffield, and on 21 May of the same year he was made a member of the commission on the municipal boundary of Birmingham.On 23 November 1841 he received a brevet majority for his past services, and on 29 June 1843 he was made a commissioner for the government of Pentonville Prison. The decline of transportation forced the Government to create an alternative method of punishing criminals. Commencing with a period of strict separation at Pentonville, the convicts were passed to one of the prisons specially constructed with a view to their employment upon public works. For this purpose <mask> designed the prison at Portland. Similar prisons were subsequently erected at Dartmoor, Chatham, Portsmouth and Isle of Wight. In 1843-4 <mask> erected a terrace of houses, part of Parkhurst

masks: Jebb Jebb Jebb Jebb Jebb


title: Joshua Jebb

texts: Prison on the Isle of Wight - Nichollson Street, these are now listed buildings. In 1844, <mask> was appointed a member of a royal commission to report on the punishment of military crime by imprisonment.The commission recommended the establishment of prisons for the exclusive reception of military prisoners, and to be under the supervision of an officer to be termed inspector-general of military prisons, who should also supervise provost and regimental cells. <mask> was appointed to this office on 27 December 1844 in addition to his other duties, and since that date it has been held by the officer at the head of civil prisons, who has always been an officer of royal engineers. <mask> was promoted lieutenant-colonel on 16 April 1847. On 1 May 1849 his appointment as commissioner of Pentonville prison was renewed. In 1850, a board, called the Directors of Convict Prisons, was formed to replace the various bodies which had previously managed the different convict prisons. <mask> was appointed chairman of the board, and under his direction the progressive system was adopted and developed. Having served ten years in the civil employment of the state, Jebb had, in accordance with regulations, to return to military duty, or retire from the army.He chose the latter alternative, and left military service on full pay retirement on 1 January 1850. He subsequently received the honorary rank of colonel on 28 November 1854. He was made a KCB for his civil services on 25 March 1859. In 1861 and 1862 he served on commissions appointed to consider the construction of embankments of the River Thames, and of communications between the embankment at Blackfriars Bridge and the Mansion House, and between Westminster Bridge and Millbank. He died suddenly on 26 June 1863 in Charing Cross, London,

masks: Jebb Jebb Jebb Jebb


title: Joshua Jebb

texts:
 coming off the omnibus from Parson's Green, where he resided , and was buried in Brookwood Cemetery. His successor as Survey General of Prisons was another Royal Engineers officer, Major Edmund Henderson. <mask> married twice; first, on 14 June 1830, to Mary Legh Thomas, daughter of William Burtinshaw Thomas, of Highfield, Derbyshire, who died in 1850, and by whom he had a son, <mask>, and three daughters.He was remarried on 5 September 1854, to Lady Amelia Rose Pelham, daughter of Thomas Pelham, the Earl of Chichester, who survived him. Major works
 'A Practical Treatise on Strengthening and Defending Outposts, Villages, Houses, Bridges, Chatham, 1836. Modern Prisons : their Construction and Ventilation, with plates, London, 1844. Notes on the Theory and Practice of Sinking Artesian Wells, 1844. Manual for the Militia, or Fighting made Easy : a Practical Treatise on Strengthening and Defending Military Posts in reference to the Duties of a Force engaged in Disputing the Advance of an Enemy, London, 1853. A Flying Shot at Fergusson and his " Perils of Portsmouth," " Invasion of England, pamphlet, London, 1853. A practical treatise on the Duties to be performed ... at a siege, 3rd Edition, London, William Clowes and Son, 1860, London
 Observations on the Defence of London, with Suggestions respecting the necessary Works, London, 1860.Reports and Observations on the Discipline and Management of Convict Prisons, edited by the Earl of Chichester, London, 1863. References

External links

 Catalogue of the Jebb papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics. 1793 births
1863 deaths
Royal Engineers officers
British Army personnel of the War of 1812
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
People from Chesterfield, Derbyshire
19th-century Australian public

masks:
Family Jebb
Joshua Gladwyn


title: James Vince

texts:
<mask> (born 14 March 1991) is an English cricketer who is the captain for Hampshire County Cricket Club and plays for the England cricket team. <mask> was part of the England squad that won the 2019 Cricket World Cup. He is a right-handed middle-order batsman who is also a right-arm medium pace bowler. He made his international debut for England in May 2015. Early life and domestic career
<mask> was educated at Warminster School in Wiltshire, where he was a student from 2001 to 2007, before leaving to pursue a career as a professional cricketer. He was also a talented footballer who played for Reading Academy for 3 years before playing for Trowbridge Town F.C. at 16.A graduate from Hampshire's cricket academy, <mask> signed a one-year deal with the club at the start of 2009. He made his Championship debut on 11 June 2009 against Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club. His batting performances earned him a call up to the England U-19 side for their Test series against Bangladesh. According to Duncan Fletcher, who acted as a consult for Hampshire and was the former coach of the England team, <mask> is reminiscent of former England batsman Michael Vaughan. Following the retirement of John Crawley during the 2009 season, <mask> has been a regular for Hampshire in all forms of the game. He was a member of Hampshire's 2010 Friends Provident t20 winning team which defeated Somerset. <mask> scored his maiden first-class century in a county championship against Yorkshire, scoring 180 runs in a 278 run stand with <mask>, which is the county's 4th highest partnership in first-class cricket.International career
<mask> made his One Day International debut for England

masks:
James Michael Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
Vince
James Adams
Vince


title: James Vince

texts: against Ireland on 8 May 2015, and his Twenty20 International debut against Pakistan on 26 November 2015. He scored 41 in the first game of the T20I series as England won by 14 runs, and then scored 38 in the second as England won again. <mask> scored 46 in the final game as the scores finished tied and England won the Super Over. <mask> was named man of the series after his contributions in all three games. He played one game in the 2016 World T20, replacing the injured Alex Hales for the match against Afghanistan. <mask> scored 22 and England won the match. In May 2016, <mask> was named in the Test squad for Sri Lanka's tour of England, and won his first Test cap in the first Test at Headingley.However, in his first innings, he only scored 9 runs. In the second Test, <mask> scored 35 in England's first innings, and was not required to bat in the second as England won by nine wickets. <mask> played in the third and final Test of the series, scoring ten in the first innings before being dismissed for a duck in the second innings, as the match ended in a draw. He played in the final ODI match of the series, replacing the injured Alex Hales, and scored 51, helping England to reach 324 and win the match by 122 runs. He scored 16 in the only T20I match between the sides, which England won by eight wickets. <mask> kept his place for the Test series against Pakistan, and made 16 in the first innings of the first Test. He was dismissed for 42 in the second innings as England lost by 75 runs.In the second Test, he made 18 as England made 589/8 in their first innings and won the match by 330 runs. In the third Test, <mask> made 39 in England's first innings and

masks: Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince


title: James Vince

texts:
 followed this up with 42 in their second innings to help England reach 445/6 and secure victory by a margin of 141 runs. <mask> struggled in the final Test, making one in the first innings and being dismissed for a duck in the second innings as England lost by 10 wickets. <mask> scored 16 in the first ODI against Bangladesh, as England won by 21 runs. In the second match, he made 5 as England lost and Bangladesh levelled the series at 1-1. <mask> made his highest score in the final match of the series, scoring 32 as England chased down Bangladesh's target of 278 to win the series 2–1. On 21 May 2019, England finalised their squad for the 2019 Cricket World Cup, with <mask> named in the 15 man squad.On 29 May 2020, <mask> was named in a 55-man group of players to begin training ahead of international fixtures starting in England following the COVID-19 pandemic. On 9 July 2020, <mask> was included in England's 24-man squad to start training behind closed doors for the ODI series against Ireland. On 27 July 2020, <mask> was named in England's squad for the ODI series. In the second match, <mask> took his first wicket in an ODI match, when he dismissed Ireland's captain Andrew Balbirnie. In July 2021, in the third match against Pakistan, <mask> scored his first century in ODI cricket, with 102 runs. England won the game by three wickets, with <mask> named the player of the match. In September 2021, <mask> was named as one of three travelling reserves in England's squad for the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.Franchise cricket
<mask> has played for a number of teams in overseas T20 competitions, including the Pakistan Super League, Australian Big Bash League,

masks: Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince Vince


title: James Vince

texts:
 New Zealand's Super Smash and South Arica's Mzansi Super League. Pakistan Super League
In December 2015, <mask> was selected by Karachi Kings and on 5 February 2016, he debuted for Karachi against Lahore Qalandars. For the 2019 Pakistan Super League, <mask> was signed by Multan Sultans. In December 2019, he was retained by Multan Sultans and was assigned as a team ambassador. Big Bash League
In 2016, <mask> made his BBL debut for Sydney Thunder. He spent two seasons there before joining local rivals Sydney Sixers for their title winning 2019–20 Big Bash League season. The following season, <mask> was again part of Sydney's title-winning side, scoring 95 runs in the final.The Hundred
In 2021, he was drafted by Southern Brave for the inaugural season of The Hundred. He was also given the captaincy and under his leadership, Southern Brave won the first title of 'The Hundred' by beating Birmingham Phoenix in the finals. He was the highest run scorer for Southern Brave, scoring 229 runs in 10 matches. Career best performances

References

External links

1991 births
Living people
People from Cuckfield
People educated at Warminster School
English cricketers
England Test cricketers
England One Day International cricketers
England Twenty20 International cricketers
Cricketers at the 2019 Cricket World Cup
Wiltshire cricketers
Hampshire cricketers
Hampshire cricket captains
Karachi Kings cricketers
Sydney Thunder cricketers
Auckland cricketers
Sydney Sixers cricketers
Multan Sultans cricketers
Paarl Rocks cricketers
Southern Brave cricketers
North v South cricketers
English footballers
Association footballers not categorized by position
Trowbridge Town F.C.

masks: Vince Vince Vince Vince


title: Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth

texts:
<mask>, 15th Baroness <mask> (née King-Noel; 22 September 1837 – 15 December 1917), known for most of her life as Lady <mask>, was co-founder, with her husband the poet Wilfrid Blunt, of the Crabbet Arabian Stud in England and the Sheykh Obeyd estate near Cairo. The two married on 8 June 1869. From the late 1870s, Wilfrid and Lady <mask> travelled extensively in Arabia and the Middle East, buying Arabian horses from Bedouin tribesmen and the Egyptian Ali Pasha Sherif. Among the great and influential horses they took to England were Azrek, Dajania, Queen of Sheba, Rodania and the famous Ali Pasha Sherif stallion Mesaoud. To this day, the vast majority of purebred Arabian horses trace their lineage to at least one Crabbet ancestor. Life and work
Lady <mask> was a daughter of William King, 1st Earl of Lovelace, and Hon. Augusta Ada Byron, the world's first computer programmer.Her maternal grandparents were the poet Lord Byron and Annabella Byron, 11th Baroness <mask>. In childhood, she was known as "Annabella," after the grandmother for whom she was named. Lady <mask> was fluent in French, German, Italian, Spanish and Arabic, a skilled violinist and a gifted artist who studied drawing with John Ruskin. She also had a lifelong love of horses, dating from childhood, and was an accomplished equestrienne. Her interest in the Arabian horse, combined with Wilfrid's interest in Middle Eastern politics, led to their mutual interest in saving the Arabian breed and thus their many journeys. Lady <mask> travelled extensively in the Middle East, and is particularly noted as the first European woman to ride through the

masks:
Anne Isabella Noel Blunt
Wentworth
Anne Blunt
Anne
Anne
Wentworth
Anne
Anne


title: Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth

texts: Arabian desert to reach the city of Ha'il. The books Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates and A Pilgrimage to Nejd are attributed to her and were based on her journals, but were extensively edited by her husband.Her own voice comes through more clearly in her published journals. She owned a violin made by Stradivarius, since known as the Lady Blunt Stradivarius, though she was not the original owner. It was extensively refurbished in 1864 by Jean Baptiste Vuillaume, from whom she purchased the instrument upon recommendation of her instructor, Leopold Jansa and she possessed the instrument for 30 years, selling it in 1895. Lady <mask>'s 1869 marriage to Blunt was not a happy one. Her many pregnancies produced a single surviving child, Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16th Baroness Wentworth. <mask> never ceased to grieve over her miscarriages and the babies who died soon after birth. Although a fond father to Judith when she was a child, Blunt made no secret that he would have preferred a son.Lady <mask> and Wilfrid differed over management of their horses, with Wilfrid, though the less talented horseman, often prevailing on management decisions. At times, this meant leaving valuable bloodstock in Egypt under the care of inept managers who neglected the horses to the point that some died of exposure and thirst. In England, his theory that Arabian horses should live under "desert conditions", even in a cold, damp climate, often meant the animals lived with insufficient fodder and were exposed to the elements to an unnecessary degree. Blunt also had many mistresses, often simultaneously. However, in 1906, when his mistress

masks: Anne Anne Anne


title: Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth

texts:
 Dorothy Carleton (later adopted as his niece) moved into their home, Lady <mask>, unable to tolerate what she termed an "oriental" lifestyle, left him. The Blunts agreed to a formal separation and the Stud was divided. Lady <mask> signed a Deed of Partition drawn up by Wilfrid.Under its terms, Lady <mask> kept Crabbet Park and half the horses, while Blunt took Caxtons Farm, also known as Newbuildings, and the rest of the stock. Following the separation, Lady <mask> spent several months each year at her Sheykh Obeyd estate near Cairo, a 32-acre (129,000 m2) apricot orchard the Blunts had purchased in 1882 and set up as a breeding farm for the horses they owned in Egypt. Her daughter Judith lived full-time at the Crabbet estate with her own husband and children. Finally, leaving the stud under the management of Judith, Lady <mask> left England permanently in October 1915 and spent the remaining years of her life at Sheykh Obeyd. Legacy
Shortly before her death in 1917, Lady <mask> inherited the Wentworth title after her niece, Ada King-Milbanke, 14th Baroness Wentworth died childless. Wilfrid, always short of money, made a number of attempts to get Lady <mask> to sign control or ownership of her portion of Crabbet to him, going so far at one point as to alienate Judith and her mother to the point that Lady <mask> disinherited Judith (though she wisely chose not to favour Wilfred). Following Lady <mask>'s death in 1917, the Wentworth title passed to Judith, who by that time owned some horses and property in her own right, and Lady <mask> bequeathed her remaining portion of Crabbet to Judith's daughters,

masks: Anne Anne Anne Anne Anne Anne Anne Anne Anne Anne


title: Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth

texts: appointing a trustee to oversee the estate.Wilfrid and Judith disputed <mask>'s estate and the ownership of many horses. The bitter battle went to court, where a verdict in favour of Judith's children was rendered in 1920, invalidating the deed of partition and reunifying most of the stud. Wilfrid died in 1922, having verbally reconciled with Judith but without rewriting his will to grant her any inheritance of his remaining property. Over time Judith had managed to buy out her daughters' shares of Crabbet and Newbuidings from the trustee, buy back many of the horses Wilfrid had sold to third parties, and the Crabbet stud continued under Judith's management. Under Judith, her management and breeding decisions improved upon the "desert conditions" theories of Wilfrid. Her addition of non-desertbred Arabian stock, such as the Polish-bred Arabian stallion Skowronek, created controversy, but the stud survived and prospered for almost fifty years until 1971, when the property itself was bisected by a motorway. Judith sold Crabbet horses all over the world, including to the United States, Australia, Spain and Russia.She sold some horses bred from the Blunt lines back to Egypt, where they have a legacy today. Modern studs known for Crabbet breeding, including Al-Marah in America and Fenwick in Australia, which both owe their existence to large-scale importations of horses bred at Crabbet. Today, due to the worldwide dispersal of Crabbet stock over its near-century of existence, most modern Arabian horses contain lines to Crabbet breeding, regardless of their nation of birth. Over 90% of all Arabians registered


title: Anne Blunt, 15th Baroness Wentworth

texts:
 in the United States, for example, contain one or more lines to the Crabbet Park Stud. Some "Crabbet" breeders consider themselves preservationists, maintaining a small pool of pure or high-percentage Crabbet horses, while others use these lines as an outcross on other strains. In either situation, Crabbet-bred Arabian horses have a reputation for athleticism and classic type, good temperament, performance ability and soundness. The Lady Blunt Stradivarius is now considered one of the best-preserved Stradivarius violins in the world.It was sold at auction in Japan in 2011 for a world record high of £9.8 million (US$15.9 million). It has previously sold for £84,500 (US$200,000), also a record at the time, in 1971. Publications
Archer, Rosemary, Colin Pearson and Cecil Covey. The Crabbet Arabian Stud: Its History and Influence. Blunt, <mask>, Bedouin Tribes of the Euphrates
Blunt, <mask>, A Pilgrimage to Nejd
Blunt, Lady <mask>, <mask> Blunt: Journals and Correspondence, 1878–1917
<mask>, <mask> Dorothea Blunt-Lytton. The Authentic Arabian Horse, 3rd ed. George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1979.Winstone, H.V.F., Lady <mask>:  A Biography, Manchester: Barzan Publishing, 2005

References

External links

 Lady <mask> – a Biography – review on Horsetalk

 Travels in Arabia featuring Lady <mask>nt
 The Penetration of Arabia: A Record of the Development of Western Knowledge Concerning the Arabian Peninsula from 1904 features Lady <mask>nt

1837 births
1917 deaths
15
Daughters of British earls
Explorers of Asia
Explorers of Arabia
Arabian breeders and trainers
<mask>
Hereditary women peers
British explorers
Female

masks:
Lady Anne
Lady Anne
Anne
Lady Anne
Wentworth
Judith Anne
Anne Blunt
Anne Blunt
Anne Blu
Anne Blu
Anne


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts: <mask> (1939–2016; English pronunciation: ni-kohl h-ah-n raf-ter) was a feminist criminology professor at Northeastern University. She received her bachelor of arts degree from Swarthmore College in Pennsylvania, achieved her Master of Arts in Teaching from Harvard University, and obtained a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice from State University of New York in Albany. She began her career as a high school and college English professor and switched to criminal justice in her mid-thirties. In 1977, <mask> began teaching at Northeastern University's College of Criminal Justice in Boston, Massachusetts. There she developed one of the country's first courses on women and crime as well as a course on crime films. In 1999, she resigned her position as a full-time professor to focus on her writing projects. She continued affiliation with Northeastern University as an adjunct professor overseeing dissertation students, but not teaching regular courses.In 2002 she resumed teaching at the College of Criminal Justice with a graduate course in Biological Theories of Crime. During the 1980s, <mask> began publishing her writings mainly focusing on the female prison system. She argued there have always been differences between the prison systems of the different sexes. She also asserted that academia has focused little on women since the majority of studies were done on male institutions by male writers. She wrote about the history of prisons for women, noting the differences between them and commenting on the effects that gender has on institutions. In 1988, <mask> published White Trash: the Eugenic Family Studies

masks:
Nicole Hahn Rafter
Rafter
Rafter
Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts:
 1877-1919, writing about the eugenic movement in the United States and the way in which the poor were shaped as inferior through heredity. At the beginning of the 1990s, <mask> accounted for gender in the eugenic movement in the United States, showing how women were negatively affected with biological notions of being carriers of disease through reproduction.Intellectual history
<mask> achieved a Ph.D. in Criminal Justice from State University of New York, Albany, which sparked her academic career in feminist criminology. Thereafter, she began writing about delinquent individuals. Her first publication on this topic was in 1969, with her first group of writings was released throughout the 1980s. <mask> began researching and creating arguments for the feminist cause after her book White Trash: the Eugenic Family Studies 1877-1919. This led to her 1997 course at Northeastern University entitled Gender, Representation, and Social Control. This served to teach criminology students knowledge of the workings of prison institutions and their reciprocal influences. In the 2000s she began focusing on the representation of crime films in mass media and culture.She explored this in her 2006 paper Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society. At the same time, she began research into the biological theories of crime. In 2004 she wrote Earnest A. Hooton and the Biological Tradition in American Criminology, examining the historical importance of Earnest Hooton’s theories of biological explanations of crime while crediting Hooton with building a history for criminology. She also wrote an introduction for

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts:
 Cesare Lombroso’s Criminal Women in 2004. In the first decade of the 21st century, <mask> published three works relating to crime films and criminology. These works include Badfellas: Movie Psychos, Popular Culture, and Law, Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society, and Crime, Film, and Criminology: Recent Sex Crime Movies. In 2008 she published  The Criminal Brain: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime.Contributions to feminist criminology
<mask> contributed extensively to feminist criminology through her historical research of female prison systems, crime films and their social understandings of sex and crime being their reason for gendering. Her work has influenced the ways in which biological crime theorists have studied women. Her work of gender and justice has evolved with feminist criminological thinking. <mask> contributed to feminist criminology through her research and literature on the female prison system starting in 1975. She wrote her last contribution in 1999. Arguing that research and writing at the time only focused on men and was written by men, <mask> led the way in documenting historical gender relations in prisons using, for example, the New York State Prison for Women at Auburn. Another early article <mask> published in 1985 which has been cited six times claims that women in state prisons from 1800-1935 were only given partial justice documenting the differences and the emphasis given to male prison systems.<mask>’s work on female prison systems occurred during the time when feminism was becoming a focal point in critical criminology. <mask>’s contributions to

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts:
 feminist criminology at Northeastern University in particular included her creating the syllabus for one of the first courses on women and crime and crime films. <mask>’s Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society has been cited a total of twenty-one times which is indicative of her influence. <mask>'s syllabus elaborates on how our depiction of on-screen crime in movies actually forms our understanding of everyday crime within society. She argues within this book that crime films produce social hierarchies within crime that are reproduced in everyday life. Depicting, for example, the sexualized female character and the villainous man. Therefore, <mask> greatly contributed to the literature on crime films and their reproduction in everyday crime.Recognition

Northeastern University recognizes one of <mask>’s areas of expertise as biological theories of crime. Her historical account of eugenic family studies published in 1988 and, more recently, her book on the biological theories and writings of Earnest A. Hooton, have both been cited five times. Allegedly, <mask>’s most influential contribution to feminist criminology was her re-translation and resource guide to Cesare Lombroso’s La Donna Delinquente in which she reinterprets women as being inferior and argues, therefore, their committing crimes at a lower level than male offenders. <mask> has shown a large interest in the history of biological theories of crime and her translation of Criminal Woman persuades advances in further research of the history of criminology specifically surrounding crime and women. Honors and awards
 2009–2010

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts:
 Fulbright Fellow Austria
 2009 Edwin H. Sutherland award from the American Society of Criminology
 2009 Allen Austin Bartolemew award for Best Paper for Criminology's Darkest Hour: Biocriminology in Nazi Germany
 1999 Distinguished Scholar Award, Division on Women and Crime, American Society of Criminology
 1999 American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Hervey B. Wilbur Historic Preservation Award
 1998 Distinguished Alumni Award, State University of New York at Albany (School of Criminal Justice)

Bibliography
 Rafter (1969). How to Teach a Delinquent. Atlantic Monthly (March): 66-72.Rafter & Christianson, Scott. (1975) New York's Second Felony Law. New  York Times. <mask> (1978). Crime and Intelligence: A Historical Look at the Low IQ Theory. In James A. Inciardi and Kenneth C. Hass (Eds. ), Crime and the Criminal  Justice Process.(67-74). Kendall/Hunt. <mask> (1980a). Female State Prisoners in Tennessee: 1831-1979. Tennessee Historical Quarterly 39: 485-497. <mask> (1980b). Too Dumb to Know Better: Cacogenic Family Studies and the Criminology of Women.Criminology 18: 3-25. <mask> (1980c). Matrons and Molls: The Study of Women's Prison History. In James A. Inciardi and Charles E. Faupel, (Eds. ), History and Crime: Implications for Criminal Justice Policy (261-270). Beverly Hills: Sage. Rafter & Natalizia, Elena.(1981). Marxian Feminism: Implications for Criminal Justice Policy. Crime and Delinquency 27: 81-98. Rafter & Baunach J. Phyllis. (1982a). Sex Role Operations: Strategies for Women Working in the Criminal Justice System. In Judge, Lawyer, Victim, Thief:

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts: Women, Gender Roles, and Criminal Justice (Ch.13). Boston: Northeastern  University Press. <mask> & Stanko, A. Elizabeth. (1982b). Judge, Lawyer, Victim, Thief: Women, Gender Roles, and Criminal Justice. Boston: Northeastern University Press. <mask> (1982c).Hard Times: The Evolution of the Women's Prison System and the Example of the New York State Prison for Women at Auburn, 1893-1933. In <mask> and Stanko, (Eds. ), Judge, Lawyer, Victim, Thief: Women, Gender Roles, and Criminal Justice (Ch. 11). Boston: Northeastern University Press. <mask> (1983a). Chastising the Unchaste: Social Control Functions of the Women's Reformatory System.In Stan Cohen and Andrew Scull, (Eds. ), Social Control and the State (288-311). Oxford: Martin Robertson. <mask> (1983b). Prisons for Women, 1790-1980. In Michael H. Tonry and Norval Morris, (Eds. ), Crime and Justice: An Annual Review of Research, Vol.5. Chicago: University of Chicago. <mask> (1985a). Cathy Webb: Why She Would Lie in the Dotson Case. The Patriot Ledger (Quincy, Mass) 29. <mask> (1985b). Gender, Prisons, and Prison History.Social Science History 9: 233-247. <mask> (1985c). Partial Justice: Women in State Prisons, 1800-1935. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press. <mask> (1985d). Women: Second-Class Inmates. Chicago Tribune (19).<mask> (1986). Left Out By the Left: Crime and Crime Control. Socialist Review 89: 7-23. <mask> (1987). Even in Prison, Women and Second-class Citizens. Human Rights I14: 29-31,51. <mask> (1988a).White Trash as Social Ideology. Transaction/ Society 26: 43-49. <mask> (1988b). White Trash: The Eugenic Family Studies,

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts: 1877-1919. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press. <mask>; Williamson, G. Susan, & Cohen-Rose, Amy. (1989a).Everyone Wins: A Collaborative Model for Mainstreaming Women’s Studies. Journal of Academic Librarianship 15:20-23. <mask> (1989b). Crime and the Family. Socialist Review 19: 123-129. <mask> (1989c). Gender and Justice: The Equal Protection Issue.In Lynne Goodstein and Doris Mackenzie, (Eds. ), The American Prison: Issues in Research and Policy (89-109). New York: Plenum Press. Rafter (1989d). Prisons, Women Inmates In. In Helen Tierney, (Ed. ), Women’s Studies Encyclopedia, Vol.1 (288-290). New York: Greenwood Press. <mask> (1990a). Crime and the Family. Women and Criminal Justice 1:73-86. <mask> (1990b). Equal Protection Forcing Changes in Women’s Prisons.Correction Law Reporter 2: 49, 51-52. <mask> (1990c). Partial Justice: Women, Prisons, and Social Control (2nd Ed). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. <mask> (1990d). The Social Construction of Crime and Crime Control. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 27: 376-389.<mask> (1991a). Equal Treatment or Different Treatment? The Origins of Today's Policy Dilemmas in the Care of Incarcerated Women. U.S. Department of  Justice, Federal Bureau of Prisons, Female Offenders. The June 7, 1991 Forum on Issues in Corrections. Washington, D.C.: Federal Bureau of Prisons. <mask> (1991b).Prison Reform Movement, 1870-1930. In Helen Tierney, (Ed. ), Women Studies Encyclopedia, Vol. II (361-363). New York: Greenwood  Press. <mask> (1992a). Claims-making and Socio-cultural Context in the First U.S. Eugenics campaign.Social Problems

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts: 39:17-34. <mask> (1992b). Some Consequences of Strict Constructionism. Social  Problems 39: 38-39. <mask> (1994). Eugenics, Class, and the Professionalization of Social Control. In George Bridges and Martha Myers, (Eds.), Inequality and Social Control (214-227). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. <mask> (1995). International Feminist Perspectives in Criminology: Engendering a Discipline. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. <mask> & Cuklanz, Lisa. (1997a).‘Gender, Representation, and Social Control’: An Interdisciplinary Women’s Studies Course. Women and Criminal Justice. 8(4): 99-109. <mask> (1997b). Creating Born Criminals. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. <mask> (1997c).Psychopathy and the Evolution of Criminological Knowledge. Theoretical Criminology I 2: 235-59. <mask> (1997d). The More Things Change... Women’s Review of Books XIV  10-11: 3-4. <mask> (1997e) The Realization of Partial Justice: A Case Study in Social Control. In James Marquart and Jonathan Sorensen, (Eds. ), Contemporary and  Classical Reading (69-83).Los Angeles: Roxbury Publishing Company. <mask> (1997f). Transgression Obsession. Review of Ann-Louise Shapiro, Breaking the Codes: Female Criminality in Fin-de-Siècle Paris. In Women’s Review of Books XV 1:23-24. Rafter & Stanley, Debra. (1999).Prisons in America: A Reference Handbook. Contemporary World Issues Series. <mask> (2000a). Encyclopedia of Women and Crime. Phoenix AZ: Oryx Press. <mask> (2000b). Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society.New York: Oxford University Press. <mask> (2001a). American Criminal Trial Films: An Overview of their

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts: Development, 1930-2000. Journal of Law and Society 28 (1): 9-25. <mask> (2001b). Feminism: Criminological Aspects. In Joshua Dressler (Ed.), MacMillan Encyclopedia of Crime and Justice. New York: MacMillan Reference Books. <mask> (2001c). National Prison Association. The Oxford Companion to United States History. New York: Oxford University Press. <mask> (2001d).Seeing and Believing: Images of Heredity in Biological Theories of Crime. Brooklyn Law Review 67(1): 71-99. <mask> & Gibson, Mary. (2004a). Criminal Women by Cesare Lombroso Introduction. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. <mask> (2004b).Earnest A. Hooton and the Biological Tradition in American Criminology. Criminology 42 (3): 735-771. <mask> (2004c). The Criminalization of Mental Retardation. In Steven Noll and James Trend, Jr. (Eds. ), Perpetual Children 232-257.<mask> (2004d). The Unrepentant Horse-slasher: Moral Insanity and the Origins of Criminological Thought. Criminology 42 (4): 977-1006. <mask> (2005). Badfellas: Movie Psychos, Popular Culture, and Law. In Michael Freeman, (Ed. ), Law and Popular Culture (339-357).Oxford, England: University Press. <mask> (2006). Criminal Anthropology: Its Reception in the United States and the Nature of its Appeal. In Peter Becker and Richard Wetzell, (Eds. ), Criminals and Their Scientists: The History of Criminology in International Perspective. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. <mask> (2005).Cesare Lombroso and the Origins of Criminology: Rethinking Criminological Tradition. In Stuart Henry and Mark Lanier, The Essential Criminology Reader 33-42. Boulder, CO: Westview/Basic


title: Nicole Hahn Rafter

texts:
 Books. <mask> (2005). The Murderous Dutch Fiddler: Criminology, History, and the Problem of Phrenology. Theoretical Criminology 9 (1): 65-96. <mask> (2006a).Apes, Men and Teeth: Earnest A. Hooton and Eugenic Decay. In Sue Currell and Christina Cogdell, (Eds. ), Popular Eugenics: National Efficiency and Mass Culture in 1930. Columbus Ohio: Ohio University Press. Rafter (2006b). Gender, Genes and Crimes: An Evolving Feminist Agenda. In Frances Heidensohn, (Ed.), Gender and Justice: New Concepts and Approaches (222-242). Cullompton: William Publishing. <mask> (2006c). H. J. Eysenck in Fagin’s Kitchen: The Return to Biological theory in 20th-Century Criminology. History of the Human Sciences. 19(4): 37-56. <mask> (2006d).Shots in the Mirror: Crime Films and Society (2nd Ed). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. <mask> (2007a). Crime, Film, and Criminology: Recent Sex Crime Movies. Theoretical Criminology 11(3): 403-420. <mask> (2007b). Somatotyping, Antimodernism, and the Production of Criminological Knowledge.Criminology 45(4):805-834. <mask> (2008a). Criminology’s Darkest Hour: Biocriminology in Nazi Germany. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology 41(2): 287-306. <mask> (2008b). The Criminal Brain: Understanding Biological Theories of Crime. New York, NY: New York University Press.<mask> (2009). The Origins of Criminology: a Reader. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge. References

1939 births
2016 deaths
American criminologists
American feminist writers
Northeastern University faculty
Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
Swarthmore College alumni
University at Albany, SUNY

masks: Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter Rafter


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
<mask> (born November 23, 1964) is an American billionaire businessman who is the owner of the Washington Commanders, an American football team belonging to the National Football League (NFL). <mask> bought the team, then known as the Washington Redskins, from Jack Kent Cooke's estate in 1999. <mask>'s ownership of the team has been controversial, with frequent accusations of a toxic workplace culture as well as the poor performance of the team on the field. Early life and education
<mask> was born on November 23, 1964, in Maryland, the son of Arlette (née Amsellem) and Gerald Seymour "Gerry" <mask>. His family is Jewish. His father was a freelance writer who wrote for United Press International and National Geographic. He attended Hillandale Elementary School in Silver Spring, Maryland.At age 12, he moved to Henley-on-Thames, a small town near London, where he attended private school. At age 14, he returned to the United States and lived with his grandmother in Queens, New York. A year later, his family moved back to Maryland and he graduated from Charles W. Woodward High School in Rockville, Maryland. His first job was at B. Dalton bookstore in the White Flint Mall. At 17, <mask> experienced his first business failure when he partnered with his father to sell bus-trip packages to Washington Capitals fans to see their hockey team play in Philadelphia. By age 20, he had dropped out of the University of Maryland, College Park and was running his own business, leasing jets to fly college students to spring break in Fort Lauderdale and the Caribbean. <mask> claims to have cleared US$1 million running the business out of his parents' bedroom with his friend Joe Craig, and several telephone lines.<mask> courted real estate entrepreneur Mortimer Zuckerman, whose US News & World Report was also interested in the college market and who agreed to finance his push to publish Campus USA, a magazine for college students. Zuckerman and Fred Drasner, co-publisher of Zuckerman's New York Daily News, invested $3 million in Campus USA. The venture did not generate enough paid advertising and was forced to close after two

masks:
Daniel Marc Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
 years. Career
In 1989, <mask> and his sister Michele founded a wallboard advertising (the sale of advertisements placed on boards inside buildings) company with seed money from his father, who took a second mortgage on his property in England, and his sister, who maxed out her credit cards at $35,000. They concentrated on wallboards in doctors' offices (where there was a captive audience) and colleges. They married the advertisement with the distribution of product samples – such as soaps and packages of medicine – to differentiate themselves from their competitors. The company was named Snyder Communications LP.The business was a great success and <mask> and his sister grew the business organically and through acquisitions and expanded its activities to all aspects of outsourced marketing, including direct marketing, database marketing, proprietary product sampling, sponsored information display in prime locations, call centers, and field sales. They expanded their geography from colleges and doctors' offices to hospital maternity areas, private daycare centers, and Fixed Based Operations (FBO), or private aircraft lounges in major airports throughout the country. In 1992, the company expanded into telemarketing with a focus on the yet untapped immigrant market. Snyder Communications revenues rose from $2.7 million in 1991 to $4.1 million in 1992 and $9 million in 1993. Proprietary product sampling was introduced in 1992 through their network of private daycare centers. In an initial public offering for SNC in September 1996, <mask> became the youngest ever CEO of a New York Stock Exchange listed company at the age of 32. <mask>'s top investors, including media mogul Barry Diller, New York investor Dan Lufkin, and Democratic Party icon Robert Strauss, earned significant returns on their initial investment.Mortimer Zuckerman and Fred Drasner, whom <mask> owed $3 million from the failure of his first business venture, were given company stock, which ended up being worth over $500 million. His parents sold their stock in the company for over $60 million. He continued to expand the company aggressively

masks:
Snyder
Snyder
Daniel Snyder
Snyder
Snyder


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
 through a string of acquisitions, including Arnold Communications in 1997. By 1998, the company had over 12,000 employees and $1 billion in annual revenues. In April 2000, Snyder Communications was sold to the French advertising and marketing services group Havas in an all-stock transaction valued at in excess of US$2 billion, the largest transaction in the history of the advertising/market industry. <mask>'s personal share of the proceeds was estimated to be US$300 million. Washington Redskins / Commanders ownership

In May 1999, <mask> purchased the Washington Redskins, along with Jack Kent Cooke Stadium (now FedExField) for $800 million following the death of previous owner Jack Kent Cooke.At the time, it was the most expensive transaction in sporting history. The deal was financed largely through borrowed money, including $340 million borrowed from Société Générale and $155 million debt assumed on the stadium. To pay down the team's debt, in 2003, he sold 15 percent of the team to real estate developer Dwight Schar for $200 million, 15 percent to Florida financier Robert Rothman for a like amount; and 5 percent to Frederick W. Smith, the founder of FedEx, leaving him with a 65 percent ownership interest. In 2020, <mask> blocked the minority owners from selling their combined 40 percent ownership stake to an outside party by exercising his right of first refusal, only offering to buy back the 25 percent held by Rothman and Smith but not the 15 percent owned by Schar. In April 2021, after a period of litigation, <mask> would be approved by the league for a debt waiver of $400 million to acquire the remaining ownership stake held by the three in a deal worth over $800 million. Since <mask> became owner, the team's annual revenue increased from more than $100 million a year when <mask> took over the team in 1999 to around $245 million by 2005. <mask> has been on six NFL committees, including appointments to the Broadcast Committee, the Business Ventures Committee, the Digital Media Committee, the International Committee, the Stadium Committee and the Hall of Fame Committee.He is also a member of the

masks: Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
 Board of Trustees of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Criticism and controversies
Since <mask> bought the Washington Commanders, the team has had a losing record (149–202–1 through the end of the 2020 season) and had eight head coaches over seventeen seasons; by contrast, the New England Patriots, New Orleans Saints, and Pittsburgh Steelers have each had only two head coaches in that span and have won a combined nine Super Bowls while Washington hasn't advanced past the Divisional Round during his tenure. The media allege that his managerial style and workplace culture were partly to blame for the team's struggles. Under <mask>, the team sued season ticket holders who were unable to pay during the Great Recession in the late 2000s, despite his claim that there were over 200,000 people on the season ticket waiting list. Partway through the 2009 season, <mask> temporarily banned all signs from FedExField, leading to further fan discontentment. Fans have also expressed discontentment about the game day experience, rising ticket and parking prices, and <mask>'s policy of charging fans for tailgates in special areas of the stadium lot. Redskins name
Since his purchase of the team in 1999, <mask> was repeatedly pressured to change the team's name by numerous fans, politicians, and advocacy groups because redskin is a derogatory term for Native Americans.In May 2013, in response to a question regarding the teams' Federal Trademark, <mask> told the USA Today "We'll never change the name. It's that simple. NEVER—you can use caps." <mask> refused to meet with Native American advocates for a name change. A pitched public relations battle in 2013 and 2014 led <mask> to employ crisis management and PR firms in an effort to defend the name. <mask>'s creation of the Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation in 2014 was seen as a "cheap effort to buy favor from Indian communities" by activists. Following renewed attention to questions of racial justice in wake of the George Floyd protests in 2020, a letter signed by 87 shareholders and investors was sent to team and league sponsors Nike, FedEx, and PepsiCo urging

masks: Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
 them to cut their ties unless the name was changed.Around the same time, several retail companies had begun removing Redskins merchandise from their stores. In response, the team underwent a review in July 2020 and announced they would be retiring the name, with a new name and logo to be chosen at a later date. As a team rebranding process usually takes over a year, the team temporarily played as the Washington Football Team for the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The name was changed in early 2022 to the Washington Commanders. Defamation suit
Threatening a lawsuit in January 2011, <mask> demanded dismissal of Washington City Papers sports writer Dave McKenna, who had penned a lengthy article for the alternative newspaper called "The Cranky Redskins Fan's Guide to <mask>", creating a critical list of controversies involving <mask>. McKenna had been needling <mask> for years in his columns, and the front-page of the article had a defaced picture of <mask> with devil's horns and a beard, which incensed <mask> who felt the picture was antisemitic. Other sportswriters have come out in support of McKenna.In a statement released by the Simon Wiesenthal Center, while acknowledging that public figures are fair game for criticism, said the artwork used by the City Paper was reminiscent of "virulent anti-Semitism going back to the Middle Ages" and urged the City Paper issue an apology. Mike Madden of the City Paper issued a statement saying they take accusations of antisemitism very seriously and said the artwork was meant to "resemble the type of scribbling that teenagers everywhere have been using to deface photos" and the cover art was not an antisemitic caricature. In February, <mask> filed a lawsuit against the City Paper before dropping it in September. Environmental
In 2004, <mask> brokered a deal with the National Park Service to remove old growth trees from the  of national parkland behind his home to grant him a better view of the Potomac River, on the condition that <mask> would replace the trees with 600 native saplings. Lenn Harley, a real estate broker who was not involved in <mask>'s purchase of the estate

masks:
Snyder
Dan Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder
Snyder


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
 but was familiar with the area, estimated that the relatively unobstructed view of the river and its surroundings that resulted from <mask>'s clearing could add $500,000 to $1 million to his $10 million home's value. The clearcutting was started without approval from Montgomery County, Maryland, and without environmental assessments, as required by law. As a result, <mask> was fined $100 by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission in December 2004.<mask>'s neighbors also filed complaints regarding his clearcutting of scenic and historic easements behind his home. The NPS ranger that investigated the complaints of <mask>'s neighbors and clearcutting along the Potomac was transferred multiple times due to his continued pursuit of the complaints and the <mask> property. Eventually, the NPS ranger filed a whistleblower complaint regarding the <mask> case. Later, the ranger's anonymity as a whistleblower was lost, potentially leading to extreme harassment and a trial of the park ranger, ultimately ending the ranger's career. Workplace culture
In July 2020, The Washington Post published a series of articles alleging that over 40 women who were former employees of the organization, including office workers and cheerleaders, had been sexually harassed and discriminated against by <mask> and other male executives, colleagues, and players of the team since at least 2006. That December, it was also reported that <mask> had settled a sexual harassment claim with a former female employee for a sum of $1.6 million. The alleged incident had occurred on his private plane while returning from the Academy of Country Music Awards in 2009.Two private investigations at the time, by the team and an outside law firm, failed to substantiate the woman's claim, with it being reported that <mask> paid the sum to avoid any negative publicity. A year-long independent investigation into the team's workplace culture, led by lawyer Beth Wilkinson, was concluded in July 2021. It found that incidents of sexual harassment, bullying, and intimidation were commonplace throughout the organization under his ownership. The


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
 NFL fined the team $10 million in response, with <mask> also voluntarily stepping down from running the team's day-to-day operations for a few months, giving those responsibilities to his wife Tanya. Other ventures
<mask> owned expansion rights to an Arena Football League team for the Washington, D.C. market before the 2009 demise of the original league. He purchased the rights to the team for $4 million in 1999. The team was going to be called the Washington Warriors and play their games at the Comcast Center in 2003 but the team never started.In 2005, he bought 12% of the stock of amusement park operator Six Flags through his private equity company RedZone Capital. He later gained control of the board placing his friend and ESPN executive Mark Shapiro as CEO and himself as chairman. In April 2009, the New York Stock Exchange delisted Six Flags' stock as it had fallen below the minimal required market capitalization. In June 2009, Six Flags announced that they were delaying a $15 million debt payment and two weeks later, Six Flags filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. As part of the reorganization, 92% of the company ended up in the hands of their lenders with <mask> and Shapiro being removed from their positions. In July 2006, Red Zebra Broadcasting launched a trio of sports radio stations in Washington, D.C. He purchased other radio stations in the mid-Atlantic region, and intends to broadcast coverage of Washington Redskins games on all of his stations.The same month, <mask> and other investors signed a deal to provide financing to the production company run by Tom Cruise and his partner, Paula Wagner. This came one week after Paramount Pictures severed its ties with Cruise and Wagner. <mask> is credited as an executive producer for the 2008 movie Valkyrie, which stars Cruise. In February 2007, it was announced that <mask>'s private equity firm Red Zone Capital Management would purchase Johnny Rockets, the 1950s-themed diner chain. RedZone Capital Management sold the company to Sun Capital Partners in 2013. From 2007 to 2012, <mask> also owned Dick Clark Productions. Personal life

<mask>

masks: Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder Snyder


title: Daniel Snyder

texts:
 married Tanya Ivey in 1994, a former fashion model from Atlanta.She is a national spokesperson for breast cancer awareness and was named co-CEO of the Washington Football Team in 2021. They have three children and live in Alexandria, VA. He contributed $1 million to help the victims of the September 11 attacks; he donated $600,000 to help victims of Hurricane Katrina; and he paid the shipping costs for charitable food shipments to aid those affected by the 2004 tsunami in Indonesia and Thailand. His disaster relief efforts continued in 2016 following Hurricane Matthew, dispatching his private plane to provide emergency supplies in the Bahamas and medical supplies to Hospital Bernard Mevs in Port-au-Prince. In 2000, <mask> founded the Washington Redskins Charitable Foundation, which is active in the Washington, D.C. area. <mask> has been a long-time supporter of Youth For Tomorrow, an organization founded by former Redskins head coach and Pro Football Hall of Famer Joe Gibbs. In April 2010, the organization presented <mask> with its Distinguished Leader Award.In 2005, <mask> was inducted as a member of the Greater Washington Jewish Sports Hall of Fame. <mask> owns a private plane, a Bombardier BD-700 Global Express XRS. In 2014, <mask> formed the Washington Redskins Original Americans Foundation to provide opportunities and resources to aid Tribal communities. The foundation was formed to address the challenges in the daily lives of Native Americans. <mask> has also supported Children's National Hospital, the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC), and other organizations. In May 2014, <mask> and his wife Tanya received the Charles B. Wang International Children's Award from the NCMEC. References

External links

 Washington Commanders profile

1964 births
Living people
American billionaires
American advertising executives
American company founders
Washington Redskins owners
Washington Football Team owners
Washington Commanders owners
University of Maryland, College Park alumni
People from Rockville, Maryland
Jewish American sportspeople
21st-century American Jews
National Football