title: Nicole Galloway

texts:
 spearheaded the initiative to ensure equally protected benefits of county employees in same-sex marriages. Boone County Treasurer
<mask> served as treasurer of Boone County, Missouri from April 2011 until her appointment as state auditor four years later. As county treasurer, she managed a $100 million investment portfolio and issued all general obligation and revenue bonds for the county. <mask> developed a debt issuance policy in 2012 that provided increased transparency.In 2011, Boone County became the first Missouri county to maintain an online search and claim system for unclaimed property which oversaw the distribution of approximately $20,000 in unclaimed property in 2014. During her service as County Treasurer, <mask> served on the Missouri Technology Corporation and Missouri County Employees’ Retirement Fund. As a board member for retirement fund board she was the leader for expanding benefits to members’ same-sex spouses. Following <mask>'s resignation as Boone County Treasurer on April 27, 2015, Kay Murray was appointed as interim County Treasurer. Missouri State Auditor

Tenure
<mask> has said that her goals as State Auditor of Missouri are to hold her office and others to the highest professional standards and being accountable to Missourians. Upon taking the oath of office in 2015, <mask> said one of her first priorities as State Auditor of Missouri would be cybersecurity by making protection of Missourians' private data part of audit procedures for the State Auditor's Office. As State Auditor of Missouri, <mask> manages about 115 employees.The state auditor's staff is made up of CPAs, with about 65 percent of all audit staff having at least one professional license, certification or advanced degree. Employment as an auditor with the State Auditor's Office qualifies as mandatory experience required for licensure by the Missouri State Board of Accountancy as a certified public accountant. Additional responsibilities of the State Auditor's Office include serving as the independent, professional watchdog for government. The State Auditor's Office works to ensure the proper use of public funds and to improve the

masks: Galloway Galloway Galloway Galloway Galloway Galloway Galloway


title: Nicole Galloway

type: original

texts:
 efficiency and effectiveness of Missouri government by performing audits of state agencies, boards and commissions, the circuit court system, the counties in Missouri that do not have a county auditor, and other political subdivisions upon petition by the voters. These audits examine financial accountability, waste, opportunities for fraud, and whether government organizations and programs are achieving their purposes and operating economically and efficiently. Callaway County
On September 24, 2018, Auditor <mask> released an audit showing $300,000 missing from the Callaway County Collector's Office from January 2016 to March 2018. The former county collector pleaded guilty in federal court to embezzling the funds.On March 4, 2019, former Callaway County Collector Pamela Oestreich was sentenced to two years and six months in federal prison without parole for embezzling more than $300,000 from taxpayers in Callaway County. Putnam County Hospital
In 2017, Auditor Galloway released an audit that uncovered a billing scheme in which Putnam County Memorial Hospital billed insurance companies for lab services conducted across the country. The questionable activity began in September 2016, after the Putnam County Hospital Board hired David Byrns and his company, Hospital Partners Inc., to take over day-to-day management of the hospital. The auditor's report uncovered $90 million in inappropriate lab billings. The findings of the audit were covered by national news outlets and resulted in calls for a federal investigation into hospital billing schemes. Following the audit, dozens of major insurers banded together to file lawsuits against affiliated hospitals in Missouri and other states, demanding hundreds of millions in restitution. The lawsuits describe the lab-billing operation as a "widespread fraudulent scheme".Audit of City of Viburnum
On June 21, 2017, Auditor <mask> released an audit showing that the city clerk of Viburnum, Missouri stole $100,000. Dana Mayberry served as the Viburnum City Clerk for 14 years. The city identified inconsistencies in accounts she oversaw after she lost her reelection bid in April 2016. At that

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title: Nicole Galloway

texts:
 time, most of the city and municipal division records disappeared in the Iron County town of less than 1,000 residents. Mayberry admitted to stealing city funds, after which the mayor notified the State Auditor's Office. An audit began in August 2016 after the Viburnum Board of Aldermen authorized one. The examination began to uncover a scheme in which the former clerk adjusted customer utility accounts and then destroyed records and other evidence.The former city Clerk was charged with receiving stolen property, a Class B Felony as a result of the audit. On August 15, 2018, the former city Clerk was sentenced to five years probation and ordered to pay the City of Viburnum $100,000. Missouri Alliance for Freedom v. Galloway

In May 2017, the 501(c)(4) non-profit Missouri Alliance for Freedom submitted multiple open-records requests to the Office of State Auditor. The requests sought a wide variety of communications, including those specifically concerning the auditor's scrutiny of the Missouri Department of Revenue. The auditor's office responded that non-substantial messages that relate to the office's business are not required to be produced in sunshine law requests. The State Auditor's Office produced approximately 47,000 pages at no charge to Missouri Alliance for Freedom, including 254 screenshots of text messages to and from the state auditor. In July 2017, the Missouri Alliance for Freedom sued the State Auditor's Office.The legal team working for Missouri Alliance for Freedom was Graves Garrett. In November 2017, the Missouri Alliance for Freedom filed a formal complaint with Republican Missouri attorney general Josh Hawley alleging that <mask> "unlawfully withheld public records from her State-provided cell phone." In February 2018, attorney general Hawley issued a report that found <mask> complied with the Missouri Sunshine Law. After the attorney general's report on February 7, 2018, the judge dismissed the majority of the claims against the State Auditor's Office, and ordered the Missouri Alliance for Freedom re-plead its claims. The Missouri Alliance for Freedom alleged that <mask> had her cell phone automatically

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title: Nicole Galloway

texts:
 delete text messages after 30 days. Because <mask>'s office had taken more than 30 days to respond to previous sunshine requests, it was unclear if <mask>'s office knowingly violated or subverted the Missouri sunshine law. Circuit Court Judge Jon Beetem ruled against the Missouri Alliance for Freedom on January 28, 2019, ending the suit in favor of <mask>.The judgement stated: "The Court finds in favor of Defendant State Auditor <mask> on all claims asserted by Plaintiff Missouri Alliance for Freedom, Inc."

Elections

2018 Missouri State Auditor election

<mask> was appointed to the post of Missouri State Auditor by Governor Jay Nixon in 2015 following the death of Republican Auditor Tom Schweich. She won election to a full term as Missouri State Auditor on November 6, 2018. She is not running for reelection in 2022, and her term will expire in January 2023. 2020 gubernatorial campaign

In August 2019, <mask> announced that she was seeking the Democratic nomination for the 2020 Missouri gubernatorial election and officially won the primary on August 4, 2020. <mask> faced incumbent Republican governor Mike Parson in what was anticipated to be a close race. Parson, a former lieutenant governor who assumed the post following the resignation of Eric Greitens in June, 2018, announced in September 2019 that he would seek a full term as governor. In her campaign announcement video, <mask> emphasized her record in exposing public corruption, pledged to reduce the influence of special interest groups on the Missouri legislature, and attacked the Parson administration for its efforts to curb the effects of a government transparency initiative that was passed by statewide ballot in 2018.<mask> is currently the only Democratic politician holding statewide office in Missouri, as well as the only female officeholder. She lost the election to incumbent Republican Governor Mike Parson by nearly 17% (almost half a million votes). Had she won the election, she would had become the state's first female governor. Endorsements
<mask>'s endorsements included former president Barack Obama, former vice president and 2020 presidential candidate Joe

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title: Nicole Galloway

texts:
 Biden, U.S. Senator Elizabeth Warren, New Jersey Governor Phil Murphy, U.S. Representative from Missouri's 5th District Emanuel Cleaver, Kansas City, Missouri Mayor Quinton Lucas, former Georgia House of Representatives minority leader Stacey Abrams. Three famous St. Louis natives also campaigned with her: model Karlie Kloss, Bravo host Andy Cohen, and journalist Derek Blasberg. Her endorsements from national organizations or state chapters of national organizations included Sierra Club, EMILY's List, Planned Parenthood, Missouri AFL-CIO, End Citizens United, Let America Vote, the National Women's Political Caucus, and the Missouri Women's Leadership Council.The Editorial Boards at The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, Missouri's most circulated newspaper; Kansas City Star, Missouri's second most circulated newspaper; and The St. Louis American, a newspaper that serves the St. Louis-area African-American community, all endorsed <mask>. Results

Personal life
A native of Fenton, Missouri, <mask> lives in Columbia, Missouri with her husband, <mask>, and their three sons. Jon served as press secretary to then-State Treasurer Clint Zweifel. In August 2016, she announced that she was pregnant with her third child, due in January 2017, and was the first statewide officeholder in Missouri history to become pregnant while in office. Her third son was born on January 6, 2017. <mask> has been a board member for the Heart of Missouri United Way and the finance committee of the Columbia Interfaith Resource Center. She also has been a mentor for children at Discovering Options in St. Louis and is a member of her local Rotary.References

External links

 Missouri State Auditor's Office website
 <mask> for Missouri campaign website

|-

1982 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
American accountants
Mathematicians from Missouri
Living people
Missouri Democrats
Missouri University of Science and Technology alumni
Politicians from Columbia, Missouri
Politicians from St. Louis County, Missouri
State Auditors of Missouri
University of Missouri alumni
Women in Missouri politics
Candidates in the 2020 United States

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Galloway
Jon Galloway
Galloway
Nicole Galloway


title: John S. Conway (historian)

texts:
<mask> (December 31, 1929 – June 23, 2017) was Professor Emeritus of History at the University of British Columbia, where he taught for almost 40 years. His work focused on the role of the Vatican and German churches during the Holocaust; on 20th-century Christian–Jewish relations; and on the Holocaust in Hungary and Slovakia. Author of the landmark study The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933–1945 (1968), <mask> was one of the founding contributors, in 1970, to the Scholars' Conference on the Church Struggles and the Holocaust. He was awarded the Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal in 1977. Early life and education
<mask> was born, one of three boys, in London, England, to <mask>, a marine biologist, and her husband. He came from a family that prized education. His mother was a graduate of Glasgow University; his father had graduated from Cambridge.<mask>'s paternal grandfather was the classicist <mask> <mask>. Katharine Glasier, the teacher and Independent Labour Party politician, was his great aunt. After attending Sedbergh School, an independent school in Cumbria, <mask> joined the British Army in 1948 as a conscript, working in intelligence in Austria. After being allowed to leave the army six months early to pursue his studies, he began reading English literature at St John's College, Cambridge, before switching to history. He completed both his BA and PhD at St John's. Career
In 1955 <mask> moved to Canada and taught international relations at the University of Manitoba. He had to return to England to defend his thesis and met his wife, Ann, on the boat on the way back to Canada.In 1957 <mask> joined the history department at the University of British

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title: John S. Conway (historian)

texts:
 Columbia (UBC) in 1957, teaching modern European history and international relations. His 474-page study, The Nazi Persecution of the Churches 1933–1945, was published in 1968 in London by Weidenfeld & Nicolson. The book examined the position of several Christian churches during the Third Reich, including the Catholics, Methodists, Baptists and Jehovah's Witnesses. <mask> also wrote papers on the role of the government and Jewish organizations during the Holocaust in Hungary and Slovakia, and about Rudolf Vrba, the Auschwitz escapee. On the role of the churches, he wrote:

<mask> spent nearly 40 years at UBC; he was appointed professor emeritus when he retired in 1995. In 1998 he became the Smallman Distinguished Visiting Professor in the Department of History at the University of Western Ontario. He sat on the editorial boards of Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte and the Journal of Holocaust and Genocide Studies; from 1995 he was also director of the Association of Contemporary Church Historians and editor of their newsletter.He delivered a lecture at Yad Vashem in Jerusalem in 1993. <mask> was a member of the Anglican Diocese of New Westminster's Refugee Liaison Committee. On the UBC campus, he had been long associated with the Student Christian Movement, and the World University Service of Canada (WUSC), for which he acted for many years as faculty advisor. He was a member of St James' Anglican Parish, Vancouver. Selected works

(1965). <mask>, <mask>. "The Silence of Pope Pius XII". The Review of Politics.27(1):105–131. (1968). <mask>, <mask>. The Nazi persecution of the Churches 1933–1945. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. . Reissued in 1997 and 2001 by Regent

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title: John S. Conway (historian)

texts: College Publishing, Vancouver. (1969). <mask>, <mask>. La Persécution Nazie des Églises, 1933–1945. Paris: Éditions France-Empire.(1969). <mask>, <mask>. Die Nationalsozialistische Kirchenpolitik 1933–1945: Ihre Ziele, Widersprüche und Fehlschläge. Munich: Kaiser. (1973). <mask>, <mask>. "The Vatican, Great Britain, and Relations with Germany, 1938–1940". The Historical Journal. 16(1): 147–167.(1973). <mask>, <mask>. "Between Apprehension and Indifference: Allied Attitudes to the Destruction of Hungarian Jewry". Wiener Library Bulletin. 1973/4: 37–48. (1974). <mask>, <mask>. "The Churches, the Slovak State and the Jews 1939–1945. The Slavonic and East European Review.52(126): 85–112. (1977). <mask>, <mask>. Visit to the Tibetan settlements in northern India, 1977. New Westminster, B.C. : Institute of Environmental Studies, Douglas College. (1978). <mask>, <mask>. Bourgeois German Pacifism during the First World War.Papers of the Canadian Historical Association. (1979). (1980). <mask>, <mask>. "The Holocaust and the Historians". The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 450(1): 153–164. (1980).<mask>, <mask>. "The Churches", in Henry Friedlander and <mask> Milton (eds.). The Holocaust: Ideology, Bureaucracy, and Genocide. Millwood, New York: Kraus International Publications. (1984). (1984). <mask>, <mask>. "The First Report about Auschwitz". Simon Wiesenthal Center Annual, 1: 133–151.(1984). <mask>, <mask>. "Christians and Jews After the Holocaust: New Views in German Theology". Shofar. 2(3): 21–22. (1986). <mask>, <mask>. "The Holocaust in Hungary: Recent Controversies and Reconsiderations", in Randolph L. Braham (ed.). The Tragedy

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title: John S. Conway (historian)

texts:
 of Hungarian Jewry: Essays, Documents, Depositions.New York: Institute of Holocaust Studies, City University of New York. (1986). <mask>, <mask>. "Protestant Missions to the Jews 1810–1980: Ecclesiastical Imperialism or Theological Aberration?". Holocaust and Genocide Studies 1(1):127–146. (1987). <mask>, <mask>. "Catholicism and the Jews during the Nazi Period and After", in Otto Dov Kulka and Paul R. Mendes-Flohr (eds.). Judaism and Christianity under the Impact of National Socialism.Jerusalem: Historical Society for Israel, 435–451. (1989). <mask>, <mask>. "Canada and the Holocaust", in Yehuda Bauer et al. (eds.). Remembering for the Future: Working Papers and Addenda. Vol. 1: Jews and Christians during and after the Holocaust.Oxford: Pergamon Press, 296–305. (1991). <mask>, <mask>. "Remembering the Holocaust". The Sewanee Review. 99(2): 286–295. (1994). <mask>, <mask>. "The Vatican, Germany and the Holocaust", in Peter Kent, <mask> Pollard (eds.).Papal Diplomacy in the Modern Age. Praeger. (1994). <mask>, <mask>. "The Stasi and the Churches: Between Coercion and Compromise in East German Protestantism, 1949–89". Journal of Church and State. (1995). <mask>, <mask>. "Christian-Jewish Relations during the Fifties".Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte''. 3(1): 11–27. (2002). (2005). References

External links

"Correspondence, articles and miscellaneous records", created by <mask>, Vancouver Holocaust Education Centre. 1929 births
2017 deaths
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Canadian historians
Canadian male non-fiction writers
English historians
English male non-fiction writers
Historians of the Holocaust
University of British Columbia faculty
University of

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title: Rosi Wolfstein

texts:
<mask> (after 1948, Rosi Frölich: 27 May 1888 - 11 December 1987) was a German socialist politician. After the murder of her friend and mentor, the communist pioneer Rosa Luxemburg, she inherited Luxemburg's copious collection of papers, and devoted much time to organising the archive. During the 1930s, with her partner Paul Frölich, <mask> worked on an important biography of Luxemburg. Life

Family provenance and early years
<mask> was born at Witten, then a rapidly growing industrial city west of Dortmund in the Ruhr region. Her father, <mask> (1843–1901), was a businessman. She was one of her parents' four recorded children. Her elder brother, Paul, later died in the First World War:  later still, in 1942, both her sisters, Wilhelmine and Bertha, would be deported to Auschwitz concentration camp and murdered.On leaving the local secondary school Wolfstein undertook a commercial training and embarked on a career as an office worker. In 1908 a change in the law legalised female participation in politics, and <mask> lost no time in joining the Social Democratic Party of Germany ("Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / SPD). She had already, the previous year, joined the "Women's and Girls' Workers' Education Association" ("Frauen- und Mädchen-Arbeiterbildungsverein") in Hagen. In 1910 she joined the National Employees Association ("Zentralverband der Angestellten" / ZdA), part of the Free Trade Union grouping. By 1913 she had become an SPD party activist in her native Lower Rhine region. Rosa Luxemburg
It was in 1910 that she first came across Rosa Luxemburg, four years her senior and already established and respected within the party. On meeting Luxemburg, <mask> later wrote she was at once in awe and initially disappointed, because Luxemburg was so small in stature and so different from the woman <mask> had expected her to be.Initial disappointment was quickly replaced by respect as the two became friends, each recognising in the other a shared political outlook. Between 1912 and 1913 <mask> studied

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Rosi Wolfstein
Rosalie Wolfstein
Samuel Wolfstein
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title: Rosi Wolfstein

texts:
 as one of Luxemburg's pupils at the party academy in Berlin. For nine years, till 1919, the two of them worked closely together on political matters. One thing they had in common was a talent for public speaking, and the evening before the 1912 General Election - in which their SPD won twice as many votes as the next placed party - Luxemburg and <mask>, described by one admirer as a woman of small stature and extraordinary presence, shared a platform at the final major pre-election event. When war broke out in the late summer of 1914 <mask> was one of those in the SPD who opposed the party leadership decision to agree a political truce at the outbreak of the war and, more specifically, to vote in favour of "war credits". During the war she was an activist within the Spartacus League in the Duisburg region and, as a radical pacifist, was several times arrested, spending in total approximately a year in prison during the war. She took part in the illegal youth conference at Jena in Easter 1916, as a delegate from the Duisburg Socialist young Workers.In a secret police report dated 10 May 1917 <mask> was identified as a "fanatical individual" ("fanatische Persönlichkeit"):  she and her fellow campaigners in Duisburg were frequently characterised as "enemy agents" ("feindliche Agenten"). As the scale of the human slaughter on the front line and of the economic destitution on the home front mounted, the number of SPD politicians opposing the war increased, and it was primarily over this issue that the SPD (party) split in 1917. In 1917 <mask> was at the founding conference of the breakaway faction, launched as the Independent Social Democratic Party ("Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / USPD) at Gotha. She attended as a representative of the Spartacus League, which now became a quasi-autonomous element within the new party. After the war, revolution
War ended, formally, in November 1918 and was followed in Germany by an outburst of revolutionary events, especially in the cities, which lasted

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title: Rosi Wolfstein

texts:
 for about a year. Unusually, in view of her gender, <mask> was elected to the Soldiers' and Workers' Council in Düsseldorf, which had become the focus of the revolution for the Lower Rhine region. At the close of 1918 she and Rosa Luxemburg were among the five identifiable women among the 127 delegates at what became the founding congress of the German Communist Party in Berlin.Luxemburg was assassinated a couple of weeks later, but <mask> subsequently attended the Second World Congress of the Comintern, held in Moscow in July 1920. Getting to Petrograd and from there to Moscow through the chaos of the Russian Civil War involved disguising herself as a man and using a false passport. In Moscow she met, and according to one source quarreled, with Lenin. <mask> <mask> was away in Düsseldorf on 15 January 1919 when Rosa Luxemburg was murdered in Berlin. Together with her partner, Paul Frölich, for the next ten years she effectively worked as Luxemburg's literary executor, gathering together the various papers left behind into a coherent archive. One product of this was Frölich's biography of Luxemburg, "Rosa Luxemburg. Thoughts and Action" ("Rosa Luxemburg.Gedanke und Tat"), which was published, initially, in Paris in 1939. Party insider: party splits
Between 1921 and 1924 she sat as a "United Communist Party" member of the Prussian regional legislature ("Landtag"), where within the parliament she was deputy leader of the party group. Between 1921 and 1923 she was also a member of the party head office and organisation team, where she had responsibility for party publishers. However, use of the word "united" in the party name reflected a continuing propensity to party infighting through the 1920s, and in 1924, after the Ninth Party Congress, held in Frankfurt am Main, <mask> resigned her party and parliamentary posts in protest against the "ultra left-wing" party leadership around Ruth Fischer und Arkadi Maslow. During the second half of the 1920s she was able to devote more of her energies to her work as an

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title: Rosi Wolfstein

texts:
 editor with the Malik Publishing House. Together with Paul Frölich she also worked on producing the first collected edition of the writings of Rosa Luxemburg. Meanwhile, factionalism within the communist party continued, and in 1929, as the "hardline" faction around Ernst Thälmann, set about aligning the party more closely with the Stalinist faction in Moscow, <mask> was one of those identified as a right-wing deviant ("Rechtsabweichlerin"):  she was excluded from the party early in 1929.Between 1929 and 1932 she was active within the alternative communist party, known as the Communist Party of Germany (Opposition) ("Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Opposition)" / KPDO) created under the leadership of fellow expellees,  Heinrich Brandler and August Thalheimer. The KPDO itself split in 1932 and <mask> <mask>, together with Paul Frölich and political allies such as Jacob Walcher and August Enderle, joined with the left-wing breakaway faction that now formed the Socialist Workers' Party ("Sozialistische Arbeiterpartei Deutschlands" / SAPD). A fellow member of the  SAPD was Willy Brandt who became a lifelong friend. Brandt is on record as commending <mask>'s "commitment to a combative and liberal socialism" ("Engagement für einen kämpferischen und freiheitlichen Sozialismus"). More than fifty years later, Brandt still used to visit <mask>-Frölich in the retirement home where she spent her final years:  his last visit to her was in March 1987, some nine months before she died. Nazi Germany:  exile
In January 1933, the political backdrop was transformed when the Nazi Party took power and eventually converted Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Political activity - except in support of the Nazi Party - became illegal.At the end of February, the Reichstag fire was instantly blamed on the Communists, and in March 1933 those identified as Communists began to be arrested. In March 1933, <mask> <mask>, susceptible to Nazi persecution both because of her political record and on account of her Jewishness, fled to

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title: Rosi Wolfstein

texts: Brussels in Belgium. During or before 1936, she relocated to Paris where it is known she was an activist member of the leadership of the exiled German SAPD (party). In Paris she was among the exiled socialists to sign the call, in December 1936, for a united Popular Front in order to "overthrow Hitler, and all who persecute the German people! For Freedom, Peace and Bread!" ("Sturz Hitlers und aller Peiniger des deutschen Volkes! Für Freiheit, Frieden und Brot!").She signed, however, not with her real name, but using the pseudonym "Marta Koch". War resumed, for France and Germany in September 1939. For eight months life in France felt little changed, but in May 1940 Germany invaded from the north. During the six weeks that it took for the German army to over-run the northern half of the country, the government set about identifying  as enemy aliens thousands of German refugees who had, for reasons of politics and/or race, fled to Paris from Nazi Germany. On 2 September 1940 <mask> and Frölich were arrested, detained and in due course placed in internment camps in the far south of the country. <mask> was accompanied by a report from the Paris police dated January 1941 and describing her as a "communist journalist and propagandist, dangerous to public order" ("journaliste  et  propagandiste  communiste  dangereuse  pour l'ordre public") . Detention facilities where she was held included Rieucros and finally Bompard.Paul Frölich was held at Vernet and Bassens. Many of the camps used for "enemy aliens"  had originally been set up to accommodate republican fighters returning from defeat in the Spanish Civil War, and initially the emphasis was not on security, but during 1941 the authorities began to formulate plans to separate out Jewish internees and ship them to equivalent facilities inside Germany where their circumstances would be more malign. Thanks to the actions of Varian Fry and his Emergency Rescue Committee, in February 1941 <mask> and Frölich were provided with emergency visas. They escaped together

masks: Wolfstein Wolfstein Wolfstein


title: Dian Sastrowardoyo

texts:
<mask> better known as <mask> or <mask> mononymously (born in Jakarta, Indonesia on March 16, 1982) is an Indonesian actress and model of Javanese descent. She starred in soap-operas and also films. Early life, family and education
<mask> was born on 16 March 1982 in Jakarta, Indonesia, to <mask> (1955-1995), an artist, and <mask> (née Setyorini), a university lecturer. Sastrowardoyo was born and raised as a Roman Catholic. Her paternal grandfather, Dr. <mask> (1922-2008), was a physician, surgeon, and book author. Her uncle, Dr. <mask> (b. 1957), is a musician turned physician.She is also the grandniece of both Sunario (1902-1997), Indonesia's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1953 to 1956; Dra. Sukanti Suryochondro (1915-2004), a former instructor in women's studies at the University of Indonesia; and Subagio <mask> (1924–1995), a noted poet and literary critic. Her paternal great-grandfather, Sutejo <mask> (1878–1967), traced the family's ancestry back to the 15th century Javanese. Sastrowardoyo's family name is derived from sastra (Sanskrit, "writings") and wardaya ("heart", hence both: "writings of the heart"). She attended junior high school at the SMP Vincentius Otista Jakarta and high school at the SMA Tarakanita 1. Then, she continued her higher studies at the University of Indonesia where she studied law briefly before moving to the Faculty of Literature, where she obtained her Bachelor's degree in Philosophy in July 2007. She did her post-graduate degree at the School of Economics at the same institution, where she studied Finance Management as her major and earned a Master of Management degree.She graduated cum laude in August 2014. Modelling and Film Career
She began her

masks:
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Dian Sastrowardoyo
Dian Sastro
Dian Sastrowardoyo
Ariawan Sastrowardoyo
Dewi Parwati Sastrowardoyo
Sumarsono Sastrowardoyo
Aswin Wisaksono Sastrowardoyo
Sastrowardoyo
Sastrowardoyo


title: Dian Sastrowardoyo

texts: modelling career in 1996 as the cover girl of Gadis, a popular teen magazine in Indonesia. She starred in the role as Daya in Pasir Berbisik, which was a critical success and won her many awards. She rose to greater prominence with her starring role as Cinta in the cult classic romance movie Ada Apa dengan Cinta?, which was a box office hit not only in Indonesia, but also in Malaysia a year later in January 2003. Since then she has established herself as one of Indonesia's most bankable actresses, starring in films such as Banyu Biru, Ungu Violet and Belahan Jiwa. as well as international films such as the Malaysian production Puteri Gunung Ledang. Other television appearances include playing Raya in Dunia Tanpa Koma and a brief stint as the host of the television game show Kuis Super Milyarder 3 Milyar aired on ANTV, which is the spin-off second season in Indonesian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.<mask> is the goodwill ambassador for the MTV EXIT youth campaign, a multimedia initiative produced by MTV EXIT Foundation to raise awareness and increase prevention of human trafficking and modern slavery through live events, video content, and youth engagement. She even hosted a special programme for the campaign in 2012 titled Enslaved, produced for thirteen different countries across Asia. At the age of 14, she won the teen beauty pageant Gadis Sampul. She achieved wide spread recognition for her role as Cinta in the 2002 romantic film Ada Apa Dengan Cinta?, for which she won the Citra Award for Best Actress. She reprised the role in the sequel 14 years later. She won the Best Actress award in the Deauville Asian Film Festival for her role in Pasir Berbisik in 2002. <mask> is one of

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title: Dian Sastrowardoyo

texts:
 the most successful actresses in Indonesia.She has been the face model of L'Oréal Paris Indonesia since 2010. In 2016, she reprised her role as the titular character in Ada Apa Dengan Cinta? 2, the sequel to Ada Apa dengan Cinta? opposite actor Nicholas Saputra. In 2016, <mask> starred as Indonesia's national heroine in the biographical movie Kartini. In 2018, <mask> starred in Aruna dan Lidahnya (Aruna and Her Palate), a film based on the Laksmi Pamuntjak written book novel of the same name. In 2020, she starred in the film Crazy Awesome Teachers and it released directly on Netflix.Personal life
<mask> <mask> married businessman Maulana Indraguna Sutowo, the son of business tycoon Adiguna Sutowo, on 18 May 2010. The couple have two children: Shailendra Naryama Sastraguna Sutowo (born 17 July 2011) and Ishana Ariandra Nariratana Sutowo (born 7 June

masks: Dian Dian Dian Sastrowardoyo


title: María Romilda Servini

texts:
<mask> (born 1 December 1936) is an Argentine lawyer and judge who presides over Federal Court No. 1 of Buenos Aires. Early life
<mask> was born in the city of San Nicolás de los Arroyos, in the extreme north of Buenos Aires Province, to an upper middle class family. As a child, she was nicknamed "Chuchi". She studied law at the University of Buenos Aires, where she met Juan Tomás Cubría in 1958. One year later they were married, had a son, and he was appointed military attaché in Río de Janeiro, where the couple lived for two years. Judicial career
When they returned to Argentina, <mask> finished her studies as a clerk and worked in this capacity during 1966 in the offices of Buenos Aires Province.When she had her second child, she decided to finish law school with her brother, who was also attending. She began her judicial career, working her way up from the lowest position to that of "official defender". In that position she had her first prominent case, in which she had to defend former President Isabel Perón, who had been arrested and prosecuted on several criminal counts by the National Reorganization Process that was in power at the time. After Perón was overthrown by the dictatorship, her husband, who was a captain of the Air Force, was forced into retirement by the decision of General Ramón Agosti. Later she was named "judge of minors", and there she took charge of several cases of appropriation of children, being the first to return children to families of the disappeared. She was later investigated for having designated minors for adoption in an irregular manner, similar to that which caused fellow judge Gustavo Mitchell to resign in November 2011. Servini disputed the allegations and questioned the impartiality of Judge Norberto Mario Oyarbide.In the 1980s, she was subrogated judge in a court of higher education. There, she presided over the Puccio family's case. Yomagate

On 19 November 1990, then-President Carlos Menem appointed her a national judge in Criminal and Correctional Court No. 1 with electoral jurisdiction. She presided

masks:
María Romilda Servini de Cubría
María Romilda Servini
Servini de Cubría


title: María Romilda Servini

texts:
 over the case known as Yomagate, which accused Amira Yoma – the President's sister-in-law – of laundering money from drug trafficking. In 1992 she filed a judicial appeal to censor the comedian Tato Bores for a satirical sketch he was about to perform on his television program. A civil court ruled in her favor, and the order not to use her name was applied to the well-known humorist.In response, a chorus of celebrities (including Mariano Grondona, Alejandro Dolina, Susana Giménez, China Zorrilla, Magdalena Ruiz Guiñazú, Luis Alberto Spinetta, Ricardo Darín, and Víctor Hugo Morales) dedicated a song with the refrain "Judge Baru Budu Budía is the greatest there is." Assassination of Chilean General Carlos Prats
On 9 November 1999, <mask> de Cubría questioned Michael Townley, a former member of the Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (DINA). For the first time he not only confessed how General Carlos Prats and his wife were murdered, but also how he fled Chile in 1973 to avoid arrest after the murder of a worker in the facilities of the TV channel of the Catholic University in Concepción. The latter deed earned him admittance to immediately join the DINA's secret squads. December 2001 riots
Judge <mask> de Cubría issued orders to police during the 20 December 2001 demonstrations in the Plaza de Mayo. She later initiated the prosecution of Secretary of Security Enrique Mathov, Federal Police chief Rubén Santos, and police commissioners Jorge "El Fino" Palacios, Raúl Andreozzi, and Norberto Gaudiero on five counts of "culpable homicide", accusing them of "propitiating through their ineptitude the episodes of generalized violence that went on in those days." Demand to Google and Yahoo!In 2008, the judge filed an appeal to block access to any information and images of herself existing in the search engines Google and Yahoo! that did not have her consent. However, the National Chamber of Civil and Commercial Appeals decided to withdraw the request. 2013 judicial reform
In June 2013 Judge <mask> de Cubría issued the "" ruling which declared

masks: Servini Servini Servini


title: María Romilda Servini

texts:
 unconstitutional the reform of the magistracy council, called "democratization of justice" by the ruling party. The decision was later confirmed by the Supreme Court. Franco era court actions

In the 2010s an Argentine court accused Antonio González Pacheco, a former police inspector, of committing criminal acts in Francoist Spain. He was sought for extradition in 2014, by <mask>.The request for extradition was refused by the Spanish High Court on the basis that the statute of limitations had run out on the accusation against him. In September 2013, <mask> de Cubría opened a case to investigate the alleged "baby theft" that occurred, according to the complainants, in Francoist Spain. On 31 January 2014, the first complaints of Spanish residents were received after the authorization of the Argentine consulate in Madrid. 2015 transfer of power

In December 2015, <mask> de Cubría, as a result of an action initiated by the Cambiemos alliance, issued a declaratory sentence that established a time for the end of the term of President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, and the beginning of that of Mauricio Macri. Resignation
On 26 December 2017 <mask> <mask> de Cubría resigned from her position on the federal court with electoral jurisdiction in Buenos Aires Province, citing "strictly personal reasons". Personal life
In September 2016 <mask> de Cubría underwent coronary angioplasty for a thrombosis at the Argentine Diagnostic and Treatment Institute. She and her husband Juan Tomás Cubría have two children – Eduardo Cubría and Juan Carlos Cubría.In April 2021, she tested positive for COVID-19 and was admitted to intensive care unit at the Sanatorium Otamendi in Buenos Aires. She had previously received her first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine Sputnik V and was critical of President Alberto Fernández over the handling of the vaccination program. See also
 Carmen Argibay
 Elena Highton de Nolasco

References

1936 births
20th-century Argentine lawyers
Argentine judges
Argentine women judges
Living people
People from San Nicolás de los Arroyos
University of

masks:
Servini
Servini
Servini
María Romilda
Servini
Servini


title: Dunia Elvir

texts:
<mask> (born June 9, 1973 in La Ceiba, Honduras) is a television journalist, producer, motivational speaker and autism advocate. Early life and education
<mask> has 2 brothers Orlando and <mask>. She is the oldest, Orlando is 5 years younger and Carlitos (as Dunia calls her younger brother) is 8 years younger than her. Her mother took under her care two of her cousins; Claudia and Maricela who became the sisters Dunia always wanted to have. Growing up in Barrio La Isla in La Ceiba, Dunia used to play soccer and "bate" (baseball) in the street. Dunia was 6 years old when her father bought her first microphone and radio. Dunia enjoyed playing and pretending to be an announcer.At 15 years old Dunia was sent to Los Angeles, California to live with her maternal grandmother. She went to Jordan High School in Los Angeles and earned her high school diploma as an ESL (English as a Second Language) student. Later on she earned her broadcast degree in American Communication Institute in Hollywood in 1991. Like many other immigrants, Dunia faced many challenges while trying to excel in her career. Dunia graduated with a limited knowledge of English. This and the lack of immigration documents prevented her from continuing with her higher education. In 1992  her first son, Jesus was born.Jesus has autism, this made her chose home life in order to take care of him. In 1997 <mask>'s second son Lalo (Eduardo) was born. A few years later this first marriage had a rocky patch and the couple separated in July 2001, when <mask> left the house with her two children. On April 12, 2003 <mask> married Carl Procida. In December 2004 <mask> decided to start college, this idea was a mutual dream of her and her husband. While trying to accomplish their higher education as a couple <mask>
and Carl had two girls. Adrianna and Josieanna, came to make the relationship even stronger.By November 2008 <mask> and Carl graduated from University of Phoenix with a Bachelors in Business Management. This educational goal gave Dunia the opportunity to grow within Telemundo. At this point Telemundo is not only providing <mask> with the opportunity to work, fulfill her dream

masks:
Dunia Elvir
Dunia
Carlos Elvir
Dunia
Dunia
Dunia
Dunia
Dunia
Dunia
Dunia


title: Dunia Elvir

texts:
 profession but is also helping her to grow intellectually allowing her to go back to college and pursue her MBA, which <mask> completed in November 2011, and with her husband as her classmate. Career
<mask> started her career in California in Mexican Radio in 1989. She later moved to KRCA Channel 62 in Los Angeles as reporter and TV news presenter. Since 2001, she has worked for Telemundo in Los Angeles. She was also a correspondent on the TV program Cada día con Maria Antonieta (Every day with Maria Antonieta Collins).Actually Elvir also reports for Telemundo Network shows Levantate Al Rojo Vivo, Noticiero Telemundo and the Los Angeles morning show "Buenos Dias". In 2014 Elvir was the only female in California's  gubernatorial  debate between Governor Jerry Brown and Neel Kashkari  in Sacramento. This was the first time a Hispanic female served as a moderator in the Golden State gubernatorial debate. Elvir also moderated the World Leaders event where Prime Minister Tony Blair and Vicente Fox discussed immigration, education, politics among other topics. She has interviewed Anthony Hopkins, Benicio del Toro, Sylvester Stallone, Salma Hayek, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Vicente Fox, Tony Saca, former US treasurer Rosario Marin, former President of Honduras Ricardo Maduro and his ex-wife  Aguas Santas Ocaña Navarro, former Honduran President Jose Manuel Zelaya Rosales and first Lady Xiomara de Zelaya, Alvaro Colom Caballeros, Guatemala's current President and current Honduras President Juan Orlando Hernandez among other Latin America Presidents Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa . On 2006, she traveled to Central America to work on various special reports on El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala. She also covered el Cucuy de la Mañana's "Votos por America" tour.Dunia went to Mexico and report on the terrible accident at the Pasta de Conchos mine in 2006. In 2006, millions of people participated in protests over a proposed change to U.S. immigration policy, Dunia was in the heart on Los Angeles, CA covering this massive protest to the world as Telemundo Network Correspondent. She also cover other significant events like 9/11, the 2008 historic

masks: Dunia Elvir


title: Dunia Elvir

texts:
 U.S. Presidential election. Recognitions
<mask> has received many recognitions because of her reports on human interest stories. Elvir won 6 Emmy Awards in the last year's. She was also nominated for an Emmy Award in the category of Best Investigative Report in Los Angeles in 2001. She also won 2  "Golden Mike" one with her report Corners of Sin as the Best Investigative Report of the year and a second one with a special breaking news coverage.Elvir has received various special recognitions from the Los Angeles City, Los Angeles County, the California State Senate, she was awarded with a special recognition from the California State Assembly and members of the US Congress. She also won the GLAAD Award in 2005. She was invited as a special guest to visit the White House by The National Association of Latina Leaders (NALL). In 2006, she received the "Distinguished Award Visitor" from the city of La Ceiba, where the 2006 Miss Honduras beauty pageant took place. Up until that point, she was virtually unknown in her own country. In August 2007, she received the "Journalist of the Year" Award in Toronto, Ontario, Canada at the "Toni Reyes Summer Festival" where over 70 thousand Hispanics from different nationalities gathered to celebrate. On September 20, 2007 she received from the Camara de Comercio e Industria de Tegucigalpa (Tegucigalpa Chamber of Commerce and Industry) the "Orgullo Hondureño en el Extranjero" Award for her community service and the positive impact to other Hondurans in the United States.In 2008 Dunia's story "Danger in Hospitals" was selected by NAHJ (National Association of Hispanic Journalists) as the best Investigative report of the year, recognition she received in Washington D.C.

Dunia received the Los Angeles Press Club Award for "Best Public Service Program", a 30-minute piece. In 2011 Dunia was awarded with the "NBC Ovation Award" Above and Beyond distinction. These are just few of the many acknowledgments Dunia has received during the last 20 years. References

People from La Ceiba
Honduran journalists
Honduran women journalists
American television journalists
1973 births
Living people
Honduran emigrants to the


title: Peter Verhaegen

texts:
<mask>, S.J. (born Pierre Joseph Verhæegen; June 21, 1800July 21, 1868) was a Belgian Catholic priest, Jesuit, and missionary to the Midwestern United States who became the first president of Saint Louis University and St. Joseph's College in Bardstown, Kentucky. Born in the United Netherlands, Verhaegen traveled to the United States at the age of 21, where he studied at the Jesuit novitiate in Maryland. In 1823, he was sent to Missouri, and eventually became the president of Saint Louis University in 1829, for which the Jesuits had newly assumed responsibility. During his leadership, the college was chartered by the state and was elevated to the status of university. In 1836, Verhaegen became the superior of the Jesuits' Missouri Mission, which was elevated to a vice province in 1839. In 1845, Verhaegen became the provincial superior of the Jesuits' Maryland Province, where he remained until 1848 when he became the first president of St. Joseph's College in Kentucky.In his later years, he taught theology and preached at Saint Louis University. Early life
<mask> <mask> was born on June 21, 1800, in Haacht, in the province of South Brabant, in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (modern-day Belgium). His brother was Pierre-Théodore <mask>, a liberal and freemason, who became the president of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives. He studied theology at the seminary in Mechelen. While there, he and six other seminarians met Charles Nerinckx, who was raising funds for his missions in the Diocese of Bardstown in the United States. They decided to join him, in traveling to the United States, where

masks:
Peter Joseph Verhaegen
Peter Joseph
Verhaegen
Verhaegen


title: G. S. Shivarudrappa

texts:
<mask> (7 February 1926 – 23 December 2013), or colloquially GSS, was an Indian Kannada poet, writer and researcher who was awarded the title of Rashtrakavi (national poet) by the Government of Karnataka in 2006. Kannada

Early life
<mask>pa was born on 7 February 1926 in Issur Village, Shikaripura Taluk, in Shivamogga district of Karnataka. He died on 23 December 2013 in Bangalore. His father was a school teacher. He did his primary and secondary schooling in Shikaripura. Education
<mask> gained his BA in 1949 and MA in 1953 from University of Mysore, having secured gold-medals on three occasions. He was a student and follower of Kuvempu and was heavily inspired by Kuvempu's literary works and life.In 1965, G.S<mask> secured a doctorate for his thesis <mask>arya <mask>ekshe (Kannada : ಸೌಂದರ್ಯ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ), written under the guidance of Kuvempu, a pioneering work in the field of literary aesthetics. This is an erudite study of the aesthetic dimensions of ancient and modern Kannada literature. Professional life
<mask> started his career in 1949 as a lecturer in Kannada language at the Mysore University. In 1963, he joined Hyderabad's Osmania University as a reader, eventually becoming the head of the Kannada department. He remained at Osmania University until 1966. In 1966, <mask> joined the Bangalore University as a professor.He was later elected as the director of the university and he continued to contribute to the university's Kannada Study Center (Kannada : ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಕೇಂದ್ರ). He served as a lecturer in Kannada in places like Davanagere, Shivamogga and Mysore. He shifted his base to the Bangalore University in 1966 and retired from services in 1986 as the Director, Centre of Kannada Studies. He was the president of the Karnataka Sahitya Academy during 1987–90. Later life and death
<mask>pa has worked as a Kannada professor at the Maharaja's College, Mysore and later at the Postgraduate Kannada Department of Bangalore

masks:
Guggari Shanthaveerappa Shivarudrappa
Shivarudrap
Shivarudrappa
. Shivarudrappa
Sound
Same
Shivarudrappa
Shivarudrappa
Shivarudrap


title: G. S. Shivarudrappa

texts:
 University. He died on 23 December 2013 at his Banashankari, Bangalore residence. The State Government declared a two-day mourning in his honour.Significant contributions

<mask>.S. is prominent among the small band of scholars who have negotiated ancient Kannada literature from the perspective of a modern literary critic and a historian. He has not evinced much interest in elementary disciplines such as textual criticism and manuscriptology. He has not pursued disciplines like prosody and grammar in a mechanical manner. However, he has examined literary works in their cultural context and made a successful attempt to make them relevant in the modern society. His erudition in Indian Poetics, Western Poetics and literary theory has enabled him to use literary critical tools in the analysis of ancient texts. For instance, his "Kannada Sahitya Sameekshe" is an invaluable attempt of delineating literary history in the context of literary movements and forms.He has written scores of articles on ancient poets of Kannada and most of them are illuminated by critical insights and innovative methodology. His writings on Harihara, Raghavanka, Ratnakaravarni and Pampa are particularly significant. "Kannada Kavigala Kavyakalpane" delineates the literary theory propounded by our ancient poets in their creative texts. "Mahakavya Svaroopa" enunciates the literary genre of the epic, again in the context ancient Kannada literature. He has published an abridged edition of "Shabarashankaravilasa' by <mask>va in collaboration with Prof B.N.<mask>. "Karmayogi" is a novel based on the life of <mask>ama the well known Veerashaiva saint of the twelfth century. The publication of "Samagra Kannada Sahitya Charitre" in six volumes under his editorship is an important contribution to the historiography of Kannada literature."Samanyanige Sahitya Charitre" is a ten volume series trying to bring the history of Kannada literature within the reach of an

masks:
G S
Shadakshrade
Shastry
Siddar


title: G. S. Shivarudrappa

texts:
 informed common man. This series does not make any compromise in terms of complexity but appeals to one and all with its non-pedantic style. The annual seminars conducted by the department of Kannada during his tenure have occasionally addressed themes related to ancient literature. "Pampa-Ondu Adhyayana", "Shravana Belagola - Ondu Sameekshe" and "Karnataka Janapada" illustrate this point. He also published "Sahitya Vaarshika" in 13 volumes every year from 1971–1983. It's a landmark work by any university or institution till to the date. He was the executive editor of six anthologies brought by the Karnataka Sahitya Academy.Two of them dealing with twentieth century literary research and literary criticism, include ancient Kannada literature and culture within their purview. He has penned a lot of Bhavageethes in Kannada. The most famous being "Ede Tumbi Hadidenu". His songs sung by C Ashwath mesmerized audiences. Rashtrakavi
<mask>pa was honoured with the title of Rashtrakavi (Sanskrit for "Poet of the Nation") by the Government of Karnataka during the Suvarna Karnataka (Golden Jubilee celebrations of Karnataka) occasion on 1 November, the Kannada Rajyotsava day, 2006. He was the third Kannada poet to be honoured with this prestigious title of Rashtrakavi, after <mask> Pai and Kuvempu. Literary works

Collection of poems
 <mask>amagaana
 Cheluvu-Olavu
 Devashilpa
 Deepada Hejje
 Chakragathi
 Anaavarana
 Tereda Daari
 <mask>hya
 Teerthavaani
 Kaarthika
 Kaadina Katthalalli
 Agniparva
 Yede Tumbhi Haadidenu
 Nooraru Kavithegalu
 Samagra Kavya
nana hanathe

Criticism
 Parisheelana
 Vimarsheya Poorva Pashchima
 <mask>arya <mask>ekshe (PhD thesis)
 Kaavyaartha Chintana
 Gattibimbha
 Anuranana
 Pratikriye
 Kannada <mask>hithya <mask>ekshe
 Mahakavya Swaroopa
 Kannada Kavigala Kaavyakalpane
 Desiyatheyalli Aralida Datta Pratibhe
 Yavudoo Sannadalla
 Pampa : Ondu Adhyayana
 Samagra Kannada Sahitya Charitre – A history of

masks: Shivarudrap Goda Sa Godktad Sound Same Sa Same


title: G. S. Shivarudrappa

texts:
 Kannada literature and language and its growth over the centuries
 Kuvempu - Punaravalokana/Kuvempu - a Reappraisal – A biographical work on Kuvempu, done for Government of Karnataka

 Travelogues
 Moscowdalli 22 dina (22 Days in Moscow) – Winner of Soviet Land Nehru Award.Englandinalli Chaturmaasa (Four months in England)
 Americadalli Kannadiga (Kannadiga in America)
 Gangeya <mask> (In the Crest of the River Ganges)

Biography
 <mask>yogi <mask>ama
 Shri Kuvempu
 Kavi Bendre
 Fakeer <mask>thi

Autobiography
 Chaturanga

 Works on GSS

 Gourava A Felicitation Volume about the Life and Literature of G. S. <mask>pa
 Hanate A Felicitation Volume about the Life and Literature of G. S. <mask>rappa
 Aakashadeepa A Felicitation Volume about the Life and Literature of G. S<mask>rappa
 G. S. <mask>pa (Biography) by H. S. Venkateshamurthy
 G. S. S. <mask>chaya (An Anthology of Selected Writings)
 Government of Karnataka had published his Complete Works in 9 Volumes at the subsidized price. Awards and honours

 Soviet Land Nehru Award – 1973
 Kendra Sahithya Academy Award – 1984 (for the work, Kaavyartha Chintana)
 Pampa Award – 1998
 President of 61st All India Kannada Sahithya Sammelana, which took place in Davanagere
 Karnataka Sahithya Academy Honorary Award – 1982
 Maasthi Award - 1995
 Nadoja Award from Kannada University
 Honorary Doctorate from Bangalore University and Kuvempu University
 Rashtrakavi Award (Poet of the Nation'') – 2006
 Sahitya Kala Kaustubha - 2010
 Nrupatunga Award - 2009

References

External links

1926 births
2013 deaths
Kannada people
Kannada poets
Kannada-language writers
People from Shimoga district
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Kannada
University of Mysore alumni
Maharaja's College, Mysore faculty
Maharaja's College, Mysore alumni
Rashtrakavi
20th-century Indian poets
Poets from Karnataka
Bangalore University faculty
Indian male poets
20th-century Indian male writers
Osmania

masks:
Shikharagalalli
Shiva
Siddar
Mohan Senapa
Shivarudrap
Shivarud
. Shivarud
Shivarudrap
San


title: Rod Steiger

texts: <mask> (; April 14, 1925July 9, 2002) was an American actor, noted for his portrayal of offbeat, often volatile and crazed characters. Cited as "one of Hollywood's most charismatic and dynamic stars," he is closely associated with the art of method acting, embodying the characters he played, which at times led to clashes with directors and co-stars. He starred as Marlon Brando's mobster brother Charley in On the Waterfront (1954), the title character Sol Nazerman in The Pawnbroker (1964), and as police chief Bill Gillespie opposite Sidney Poitier in the film In the Heat of the Night (1967) which won him the Academy Award for Best Actor. Steiger was born in Westhampton, New York, the son of a vaudevillian. He had a difficult childhood, with an alcoholic mother from whom he ran away at the age of 16. After serving in the South Pacific Theater during World War II, he began his acting career with television roles in 1947, and went on to garner critical acclaim for his portrayal of the main character in the teleplay "Marty" (1953). He made his stage debut in 1946, in a production of Curse you, Jack Dalton!at the Civic Repertory Theatre of Newark, and subsequently appeared in productions such as  An Enemy of the People (1950), Clifford Odets's Night Music (1951), Seagulls Over Sorrento (1952) and Rashomon (1959). <mask> made his film debut in Fred Zinnemann's Teresa in 1951, and subsequently appeared in films such as The Big Knife (1955), Oklahoma! (1955), Jubal (1956), Across the Bridge (1957) and Al Capone (1959). After <mask>'s performance in The Pawnbroker in 1964, in which he played an embittered Jewish Holocaust survivor working

masks:
Rodney Stephen Steiger
Steiger
Steiger


title: Rod Steiger

texts:
 as a pawnbroker in New York City, he portrayed an opportunistic Russian politician in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965). In the Heat of the Night (1967) won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for <mask>, who was lauded for his performance as a Mississippi police chief who learns to respect an African-American officer (Poitier) as they search for a killer. The following year, he played a serial killer of many guises in No Way to Treat a Lady. During the 1970s, Steiger increasingly turned to European productions in his search for more demanding roles.He portrayed Napoleon Bonaparte in Waterloo (1970), a Mexican bandit in Sergio Leone's Duck, You Sucker! (1971), Benito Mussolini in Last Days of Mussolini (1975), and ended the decade playing a disturbed priest in  The Amityville Horror (1979). By the 1980s, heart problems and depression took its toll on <mask>'s career, and he found it difficult to find employment, agreeing to appear in low-budget B movies. One of his final roles was as judge H. Lee Sarokin in the prison drama The Hurricane (1999), which reunited him with In the Heat of the Night director Norman Jewison. <mask> was married five times, and had a daughter, opera singer <mask>, and a son, <mask>. He died of pneumonia and kidney failure as a result of complications from surgery for a gall bladder tumor on July 9, 2002, aged 77, in Los Angeles, and was survived by his fifth wife Joan Benedict <mask>. Early life and acting background

Steiger was born on April 14, 1925, in Westhampton, New York, the only child of Lorraine (née Driver) and <mask>, of French, Scottish and German descent.<mask> was

masks:
Steiger
Steiger
Steiger
Anna Steiger
Michael Steiger
Steiger
Frederick Steiger
Rod


title: Rod Steiger

texts: raised as a Lutheran. He never knew his father, a vaudevillian who had been part of a travelling song-and-dance team with Steiger's mother, but was told that he was a handsome Latino-looking man, who was a talented musician and dancer. Biographer Tom Hutchinson describes him as a "shadowy, fugitive figure," one who "haunted" <mask> throughout his life and was an "invisible presence and unseen influence." Hutchinson described Steiger's mother as "plump, energetic and small, with long auburn hair." She had a good singing voice and nearly became a Hollywood actress, but after a leg surgery permanently impaired her walking ability, she gave up acting and turned to alcohol. As a result, she quit show business and moved away from Westhampton to raise her son. They moved through several towns, including Irvington and Bloomfield, before settling in Newark, New Jersey.Her alcoholism caused Steiger much embarrassment, and the family was frequently mocked by other children and their parents within the community. At the age of five he was sexually abused by a pedophile who lured him in with a butterfly collection. Steiger said of his troubled family background: "If you had the choice of having the childhood you experienced, with your alcoholic mother and being the famous actor you are today, or having a loving, secure childhood and not being famous, which would you take? A loving, secure childhood in a New York minute". During the last 11 years of her life, Steiger's mother stayed sober and regularly attended Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. <mask> recalled: "I was so proud of her. She turned herself around.She came alive again". During his

masks: Rod Steiger


title: Rod Steiger

texts: childhood, and owing to his considerable strength and bulk, <mask> became known as "The Rock". Despite being mocked over his mother's alcoholism, he was a popular figure at school and an able softball player. He displayed an interest in writing poetry and acting during his adolescent years, and appeared in several school plays while at West Side High School in Newark. Tired of fighting with his mother, he ran away from home at age sixteen to join the United States Navy during World War II. He enlisted on May 11, 1942, and received his training at the U.S. Naval Training Station in Newport, Rhode Island.He joined the newly commissioned USS Taussig (DD-746) on May 20, 1944. While serving as a torpedoman on destroyers, he saw action in the South Pacific, including the Battle of Iwo Jima. <mask> later commented: "I loved the Navy. I was stupid enough to think I was being heroic." His experiences during the war haunted him for the rest of his life, particularly the loss of Americans during the Battle of Iwo Jima, as well as the sinking of vessels by the Taussig which were known to have women and children aboard. On December 17, 1944, off the coast of Luzon in the Philippines, <mask> and the Taussig encountered a severe typhoon, which became known as Halsey's Typhoon, with winds reaching one hundred knots (115 mph) and  waves. As a result, three U.S. destroyers were lost, but the Taussig survived, with Steiger tying a rope to himself on deck and flattening himself as waves engulfed the ship.After the war, the GI Bill paid for his rent at a room on West 81st Street in New York City, an income of just over $100 a month, and four years

masks: Steiger Steiger Steiger


title: Rod Steiger

texts:
 of schooling. He initially found a job oiling machines and washing floors. He decided to attend a drama class, primarily because of its membership of attractive young women. Known as the Civil Service Little Theater group, it was conducted by the Office of Dependants and Beneficiaries, where he was employed at the time. This led him to start a two-year course at the New School for Social Research, run by German émigré Erwin Piscator. During one audition, Steiger was cast after barely uttering a few words, the director exclaiming he had a "fresh, wonderful quality." Another talented pupil at the time was Walter Matthau, who dubbed the institution "The Neurotic School for Sexual Research."<mask> was surprised to discover his own talent as an actor, and he was encouraged to pursue further studies at the Dramatic Workshop. One of the main reasons he wanted to be an actor was to regain public respect for his family name, which had so humiliated him during childhood. Another important factor was his belief that he did not "have the temperament for a regular job", and would have ended up a miserable, violent alcoholic. His only role model as an actor was Paul Muni, who he thought was "the greatest," though he also had a deep respect for French actor Harry Baur and, according to biographer Hutchinson, he admired Charlie Chaplin "to the point of adoration." Career

Early career and breakthrough (1946–1956)
<mask> made his stage debut in a production of Curse you, Jack Dalton! (1946) at the Civic Repertory Theatre of Newark. Subsequent to this, he received an invitation from one of his teachers, Daniel Mann, to attend the Actors Studio,

masks: Steiger Steiger


title: Rod Steiger

texts: Shakespeare's Romeo in "The First Command Performance of Romeo and Juliet (1957)" episode of You Are There in 1954, under director Sidney Lumet. He continued to make appearances in various playhouse television productions, appearing in five episodes of Kraft Theatre (1952–54), which earned him praise from critics, six episodes of The Philco Television Playhouse (1951–55) and two episodes of Schlitz Playhouse of Stars (1957–58). <mask> made his big screen debut in 1953, with a small role in Fred Zinnemann's Teresa, shot in 1951. <mask>, who described himself as "cocky", won over Zinnemann by praising his direction.Zinnemann recalled that <mask> was "very popular, extremely articulate and full of remarkable memories", and the two remained highly respectful of each other for life. On May 24, 1953, <mask> played the title role in Paddy Chayefsky's "Marty" episode of the Goodyear Television Playhouse. The role had originally been intended for Martin Ritt, who later became a director. "Marty" is the story of a lonely and homely butcher from the Bronx in search of love. The play was a critical success that increased Steiger's public exposure; Tom Stempel noted that he brought "striking intensity to his performance as Marty, particularly in giving us Marty's pain". As <mask> refused to sign a seven-year studio contract, he was replaced with Ernest Borgnine in the film Marty (1955), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture, as well as the Best Actor Oscar for Borgnine. 1953 proved to be <mask>'s breakthrough year; he garnered Sylvania Awards for Marty and four other best performances of the year—as Vishinsky and Rudolf Hess in two

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texts: episodes of You Are There, as gangster Dutch Schultz in a thriller, and as a radar operator in My Brother's Keeper.For his role as Charley "the Gent", the brother of Marlon Brando's character in Elia Kazan's On the Waterfront (1954), <mask> was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. Film writer Leo Braudy wrote that the "incessantly repeated images of its taxicab confrontation between Brando and <mask> have made the film iconic". The taxicab scene took eleven hours to shoot and was heavily scripted, despite Brando fuelling the popular myth in his autobiography that the scene was improvised. Brando stated that seven takes were needed because <mask> could not stop crying, which Steiger found to be unfair and inaccurate. Though <mask> retained great respect for Brando as an actor, he disliked him as a person and frequently complained during the production of Brando's "predilection for leaving the set" immediately after shooting his scenes. <mask> later remarked: "We didn't get to know each other at all. He always flew solo and I haven't seen him since the film.I do resent him saying he's just a hooker, and that actors are whores". <mask> also responded unfavorably when he learned that Kazan had been awarded an honorary Oscar by the Academy in 1999. In a 1999 interview with BBC News, <mask> said he probably would not have done On the Waterfront if he had known at the time that Kazan provided the House Un-American Activities Committee with names of performers suspected of being Communists. <mask> played Jud Fry in the film version of the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma! (1955), in which he performed his

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texts: own singing. It was one of the biggest location film productions of the 1950s, shot near Nogales, Arizona with a crew of 325 people and some 70 trucks. <mask> portrayed a disturbed, emotionally isolated version of Jud, which television channel Turner Classic Movies (TCM) believed brought a "complexity to the character that went far beyond the stock musical villain".<mask> observed that James Dean, who auditioned for the role that went to Gordon MacRae, was a "nice kid absorbed by his own ego, so much so that it was destroying him", which he thought led to his death. Dean reportedly gave Steiger his prized copy of Ernest Hemingway's book Death in the Afternoon, and had underlined every appearance of the word "death". Later in 1955, <mask> played an obnoxious film tycoon, loosely based on Columbia boss Harry Cohn, opposite Jack Palance and Ida Lupino in Robert Aldrich's film noir The Big Knife. <mask> bleached his hair for the part, sought inspiration for the role from Russian actor Vladimir Sokoloff, read a book about the Treblinka extermination camp to understand his character thoroughly, and visited the perfume department of a store in Beverly Hills, California, to try to understand his character's contempt for women. <mask> and Palance did not get along during the production, and in one scene Palance threw several record albums at Steiger in frustration, feeling that he was trying to steal the scene. Steiger earned critical acclaim later that year for a role as a prosecuting major in Otto Preminger's The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell, alongside Gary Cooper and Charles Bickford. <mask> portrayed the character "Pinky" in


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 Columbia Pictures' western, Jubal (1956), which co-starred Glenn Ford and Ernest Borgnine.<mask>'s character is a rancher, a "sneering baddie", who becomes jealous when his former mistress becomes attracted to Ford's character. Ford noted Steiger's deep commitment to method acting during production, considering him to be a "fine actor but a real strange fellow". Steiger disliked the experience and frequently clashed with director Delmer Daves, who was more favorable to Ford's lighthearted take on the film. Upon its release in April 1956, a writer for Variety was impressed with the "evil venom" displayed by his character, and remarked that there had not "been as hateful a screen heavy around in a long time". In Mark Robson's The Harder They Fall, <mask> played a crooked boxing promoter who hires a sports journalist (Humphrey Bogart in his last role). Steiger referred to Bogart as "a professional" who had "tremendous authority" during filming. Struggling actor (1957–1963)

Steiger appeared in three films released in 1957.The first was John Farrow's film noir The Unholy Wife, in which he played a wealthy Napa Valley vintner who marries a femme fatale named Phyllis (Diana Dors). In its original review of the film, The New York Times described <mask>'s performance as "curious" further stating that the actor's voice modulation "ranges from Marlon Brando to Ronald Colman and back." During the production of Samuel Fuller's Run of the Arrow, in which he played a confederate veteran who refuses to accept defeat following the surrender of General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox at the end of the American Civil War, Steiger badly sprained his


title: Rod Steiger

texts: ankle before shooting one of the battle scenes and was unable to walk, let alone run. Fuller instead got one of the Native American extras to run in Steiger's place, which is why the scene was shot showing only the feet, instead of using close-ups. <mask> had researched the history behind the film and decided to play the character as an Irishman, becoming "the first Irish cowboy" as he put it. Later that year, <mask> took the lead role in the British thriller Across the Bridge, in which he played a German conman with British citizenship who goes into hiding in Mexico after embezzling company funds. Film critic Dennis Schwartz stated that Steiger gave "one of his greatest performances".<mask> portrayed a mastermind criminal seeking to obtain a $500,000 ransom, opposite James Mason and Inger Stevens, in Andrew L. Stone's Cry Terror! (1958) for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Paul Beckley of the Herald Tribune had thought Steiger "superbly laconic", but Dennis Schwartz dismissed the film as "an ill-conceived attempt" with "too many coincidences and contrived plot points to sustain interest". The following year, <mask> appeared with Claire Bloom (whom he later married) in a Fay and Michael Kanin stage production of Akira Kurosawa's 1950 film, Rashomon, where he enacted the role of the bandit originally played by Toshiro Mifune. A major success, it was lauded by critics and nominated for three Tony awards. Robert Coleman of the Daily Mirror described Steiger's performance as "magnificently animalish", while Kenneth Tynan of The New Yorker thought the acting helped set new standards for Broadway. The same year, Steiger portrayed iconic mobster

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texts: Al Capone in the film of the same name.<mask> was particularly keen on demonstrating the showiness of Capone, speaking thunderously, slinging a camel-hair coat over his shoulders and wearing his hat at a jaunty angle. The film, noted for its deglamorized portrayal of the subject, earned <mask> a Laurel Award for Best Male Dramatic Performance nomination. Though Hutchinson, author of <mask>: Memoirs of a friendship, perceived <mask>'s portrayal of Capone to be more of a caricature, George Anastasia and Glen Macnow, authors of the book The Ultimate Book of Gangster Movies, described it as one of the best screen portrayals of Capone. Following the success of Al Capone, <mask> played sophisticated thief Paul Mason, who masterminds a caper to steal $4 million in French francs from the underground vault of the casino of Monte Carlo, in the Henry Hathaway heist film Seven Thieves (1960). Bosley Crowther of The New York Times gave a positive review of the film, praising the "nerve-rackingly delicate plot" and the "most elaborate roles" of <mask> and his co-star, Edward G. Robinson. The following year, he took the part of a prison psychiatrist who tries to cure the psychological demons of Stuart Whitman's character in The Mark. <mask>'s performance was so convincing that, after the film was released, he received a call from a psychiatric institution asking him to attend one of their board meetings.The Mark was followed by a role in the European film production of World in My Pocket alongside Nadja Tiller. <mask> increasingly played in films in Italy and France during this period. Not only did he believe he had greater credibility and

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 esteem as an actor in Europe, but he approved of the more relaxed filming schedule prevalent there at that time. In 1962, <mask> appeared on Broadway in Moby Dick—Rehearsed, at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre, as well as playing a detective searching for a scientist's (Alan Ladd's) mugger in Philip Leacock's 13 West Street for Columbia Pictures. <mask> played a small role of a destroyer commander among the large ensemble cast of The Longest Day, which included John Wayne, Richard Todd, Robert Mitchum, Richard Burton, Sean Connery and Henry Fonda. According to co-star Richard Burton, Steiger had privately admitted to him that he was in financial trouble at the time and had a face lift, which Burton thought made him look like "one half of a naked ass-hole". The following year, <mask> played ruthless Neapolitan land developer and city councilman Edoardo Nottola, who uses his political power to make personal profit in a large scale suburban real estate deal, in Francesco Rosi's Italian production, Hands over the City (1963).According to biographer Francesco Bolzoni, Rosi had cast <mask> in the Italian language film because he had wanted "a rich interpreter of great capacity" in the part of the land developer. Mainstream film acclaim (1964–1969)

Shortly after Hands over the City, Steiger agreed to appear in another Italian film, Time of Indifference (1964), in which he starred opposite Claudia Cardinale and Shelley Winters. Though <mask>'s powerful performance was unaffected, the production was marred by a dispute between director Francesco Maselli and producer Franco Cristaldi, with one wanting it to be a purely political film and the

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texts: other wanting emphasis on the erotic subplot and his relationship with Cardinale. In Sidney Lumet's gritty drama The Pawnbroker (1964), Steiger played an embittered, emotionally withdrawn survivor of the Holocaust living in New York City. Richard Harland Smith of TCM notes that Steiger's career was waning at the time, and he had to "scramble for paying gigs for a decade" before getting this part. Steiger agreed to a reduced fee of $50,000. He read Edward Lewis Wallant's novel and the script many times to develop an intimate understanding of the character, and insisted on reducing his lines to make his character more realistic and alienated from society.Lumet noted that during the production <mask> had a tendency to be overly dramatic, stating: "Sure, <mask> has weaknesses of rhetoric, but you can talk them through with him. I explained that this solitary Jew could not rise to heights of emotion; he had been hammered by life and by people. The faith he had to find was in other people, because God had betrayed him." <mask> remarked of the film: "I think my best work is in The Pawnbroker. The last scene, where I find the boy dead on the street. I think that's the highest moment, whatever it may be, with my talent." He drew upon inspiration for this climactic scene, in which he appears to show his frustration through a silent scream, from Picasso's "Guernica", which depicts war-ravaged villagers.Cecil Wilson of the Daily Mail wrote that <mask>'s character "seems to encompass all the agony ever inflicted on man". Although the film attracted controversy and was accused of anti-Semitism, <mask> was widely acclaimed for his performance,

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texts: which garnered him the prize for Best Actor at the Berlin International Film Festival and his second Best Actor nomination at the Oscars. <mask> was so certain that he had produced an Oscar-winning performance that he was shocked when he lost to Lee Marvin. In 1965, <mask> played an effeminate embalmer in Tony Richardson's comedy The Loved One, about the funeral business in Los Angeles, based on the 1948 short satirical novel by Evelyn Waugh. His curly-haired appearance in the film was modeled on a bust of Apollo he once saw while meeting Richardson. Steiger offended Bosley Crowther of The New York Times, who found his character repellent. His next role, as Komarovsky, a Russian politician and "villainous opportunist" who rapes Julie Christie's character in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965), was one of his favorites.<mask>, one of only two Americans in the cast, was initially apprehensive about working with such great British actors as Ralph Richardson and Alec Guinness, and was pleased when the film was completed that he did not stand out as an American. The film was the biggest international box office draw of the 1960s, grossing $200 million worldwide. It has since been acclaimed as one of the greatest films ever made, and in 1998 was selected as the 39th best American film in the original AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies list by the American Film Institute. <mask> had intended returning to the stage, and had signed on to play the title character in Bertolt Brecht's Galileo, at the Lincoln Center Repertory Company in April 1967, but the production was cancelled when he became ill. <mask> won the Best Actor Oscar for his


title: Rod Steiger

texts: portrayal of Chief of Police Bill Gillespie in In the Heat of the Night, opposite Sidney Poitier. He played a Southern police chief searching for a murderer. Prejudiced against blacks, he jumps to the conclusion that the culprit is Virgil Tibbs (Poitier), an African-American man passing through town after visiting his mother, who later turns out to be an experienced homicide detective from Philadelphia. The film deals with the way the two men interact and join forces in solving the crime, as Steiger's Gillespie learns to greatly respect the black man he initially took to be a criminal.<mask> drew upon his experience in the Navy with a Southerner named "King", remembering his accent. Poitier considered <mask> and Spencer Tracy to have been the finest actors he had ever worked with, remarking in 1995, "He's so good he made me dig into bags I never knew I had." A. D. Murphy of Variety described <mask>'s performance as "outstanding", writing: "<mask>'s transformation from a diehard Dixie bigot to a man who learns to respect Poitier stands out in smooth comparison to the wandering solution of the murder." Steiger won a plethora of other awards, including a BAFTA, a Golden Globe, a Laurel Award and awards for Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics and the New York Film Critics Circle. In 1968, Steiger played a serial killer opposite George Segal in Jack Smight's black comedy thriller No Way to Treat a Lady. During the course of the film, he adopts various disguises, including those of an Irish priest, a New York City policeman, a German plumber, and a gay hairdresser, to avoid being identified, and to put his victims at


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 ease, before strangling them and painting a pair of lips on their foreheads with garish red lipstick. The film and <mask>'s performance were critically acclaimed, with Vincent Canby of The New York Times highlighting <mask>'s "beautifully uninhibited performance as a hammy", and a writer for Time Out describing him as "brilliant as a sort of Boston strangler, son of a great actress who has left her boy with a mother fixation".Later in 1968, <mask> played a repressed gay non-commissioned officer opposite John Phillip Law in John Flynn's The Sergeant for Warner Bros.-Seven Arts, which earned him the David di Donatello Award for Best Foreign Actor. Despite the award win, film critic Pauline Kael of The New Yorker was particularly critical of the casting of <mask> as a homosexual and felt that he was "totally outside his range", to which Steiger concurred that he was ineffective. <mask> was cast as a short-tempered tattooed man with soon-to-be ex-wife Claire Bloom in the science fiction picture The Illustrated Man (1969). The film was a critical and commercial failure, and Ray Bradbury, who wrote the screenplay, said: "<mask> was very good in it, but it wasn't a good film...the script was terrible". <mask> had better luck alongside Bloom later that year in Peter Hall's British drama Three into Two Won't Go, playing an Irishman who cheats on his wife with a young hiker. It was entered into the Berlin International Film Festival and became the 19th most popular film at the UK box office in 1969. Historical roles and declining fortunes (1970–1981)
<mask> was offered the title role in Patton (1970), but turned it down because he did not

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texts: want to glorify war.The role was then given to George C. Scott, who won the Best Actor Oscar for his performance. <mask> called this refusal his "dumbest career move", remarking, "I got on my high horse. I thought I was a pacifist." Instead, he chose to portray Napoleon Bonaparte opposite Christopher Plummer in Sergei Bondarchuk's Waterloo (1970), a co-production between the Soviet Union and Italy. Anatoly Efros wrote: "I watched with extraordinary respect, no, that is not the right word, with enthusiasm, the acting of <mask> in the role of Napoleon in Waterloo," while literary critic Daniel S. Burt describes Steiger's Napoleon as an "unusual interpretation", finding him less convincing than Plummer's Wellington. In 1971, <mask> played a chauvinistic big game hunter, explorer and war hero opposite Susannah York in Mark Robson's Happy Birthday, Wanda June, before agreeing to star alongside James Coburn as Mexican bandit Juan Miranda in Sergio Leone's Duck, You Sucker!, which was alternatively titled A Fistful of Dynamite. Leone was initially dissatisfied with his performance in that he played his character as a serious, Zapata-like figure.As a result, tension grew between <mask> and Leone, including one incident that ended with Steiger walking off during the filming of the scene where Juan's stagecoach is destroyed. After the film's completion, Leone and <mask> were content with the final result, and Steiger praised Leone for his skills as a director. <mask> auditioned for the role of Michael Corleone in Francis Ford Coppola's The Godfather (1972), a film adaptation of Italian American author Mario Puzo's 1969 novel of the same

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texts: name, but Puzo felt that Steiger was too old for the part and rejected him. <mask> played a rural Tennessee patriarch and brother of Jeff Bridges, at odds with Robert Ryan's character, in Lolly-Madonna XXX (1973), which received mixed reviews. Later that year he was cast as the turban-wearing German officer Guenther von Lutz in Duccio Tessari's Italian war comedy The Heroes, opposite <mask>, and appeared as "foul-mouthed Sicilian mobster" Eugenio Giannini opposite Gian Maria Volonté's Lucky Luciano in Francesco Rosi's film of the same name. In 1975, <mask> portrayed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini in Carlo Lizzani's Last Days of Mussolini, which received a positive critical reception. He appeared in Claude Chabrol's French picture Innocents with Dirty Hands, playing the role of Louis Wormser, the wealthy alcoholic husband of Romy Schneider's character Julie Wormser.It was poorly received by critics, and Steiger found the director, whom he had admired, a bitter disappointment. He was highly critical of Chabrol's lack of communication and aloofness from the production, and preference for playing chess on set instead of talking through scenes. Vincent Canby of The New York Times dismissed it as "little more than a soap opera", writing: "The performances are of a piece—uniformly atrocious. Mr. Steiger surpasses his own earlier records for lumbering busyness. Within his first few minutes on screen he (1) gets drunk, (2) whines, (3) pleads for understanding, (4) weeps and (5) goes to bed alone." Later that year, <mask> starred as an Irish Republican Army terrorist who plans to blow up the Houses of Parliament in Don Sharp's British

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texts: thriller Hennessy. John Simon of New York Magazine wrote: "This fellow Hennessy, as played by <mask>, is about as interesting and likable as a Guy Fawkes dummy."The following year, <mask> portrayed the comic actor W. C. Fields in an Arthur Hiller biopic, W. C. Fields and Me, for Universal Pictures. The screenplay, which was based on a memoir by Carlotta Monti, who was Fields' mistress for the last 14 years of his life, was penned by Bob Merrill. <mask> read extensively about Fields in preparation for the role, and developed an encyclopaedic knowledge of his career and personal life. He concluded that he would base his characterization around his performance in The Bank Dick (1940) . One day, Fields' mistress Monti turned up on set, and watched the scene where he briefly thanks everybody. Nervous that she might not approve, he broke down in tears after Monti met him after the scene and fondly said "Woody, Woody, Woody, My Woody", a nickname used only by those very close to Fields. Despite the energy Steiger put into the picture, like the actor's previous recent films, it was poorly received by critics.Canby called it "dreadful" and described <mask>'s portrayal of Fields as a "wax dummy of a character". Lucia Bozzola of The New York Times later referred to <mask>'s portrayal of Fields as "superb", but noted that his Hollywood career had "undeniably fallen from his 1950s and '60s heights". <mask> played Pontius Pilate in Franco Zeffirelli's TV miniseries Jesus of Nazareth (1977). Stacy Keach, who portrayed Barabbas, expressed his joy at the opportunity to work with <mask>, describing him as "generous and opinionated". In 1978,

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texts: <mask> played a senator in Norman Jewison's F.I.S.T., opposite Sylvester Stallone, who played a Cleveland warehouse worker involved in the labor union leadership of the fictional organisation named Federation of Inter-State Truckers. Love and Bullets, later that year, in which <mask> appeared as a mafia boss, was poorly received; Roger Ebert dismissed it as a "hopelessly confused hodgepodge of chases, killings, enigmatic meetings and separations, and insufferably overacted scenes by Steiger alternating with alarmingly underacted scenes by [Charles] Bronson". The following year, <mask> was cast as a general opposite Richard Burton and Robert Mitchum in Andrew V. McLaglen's war film Breakthrough, set on the Western Front.In The Amityville Horror (1979), <mask> appeared as a disturbed priest, who is invited to perform an exorcism on a haunted house. Again <mask> was accused of overacting; Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote: "Mr. Steiger bellows and weeps and overdoes absolutely everything. He won't even pick up the phone before it's rung 12 or 15 times." Pauline Kael thought that Steiger's "spiritual agony was enough to shatter the camera lens". In 1980, Steiger received two Genie Award for Best Performance by a Foreign Actor nominations for his roles in Klondike Fever and The Lucky Star, both Canadian productions. Klondike Fever is based on Jack London's journey from San Francisco to the Klondike gold fields in 1898. <mask> revisited his role as Mussolini in Lion of the Desert, a production that was financed by Muammar Gaddafi, and which co-starred Anthony Quinn as Bedouin tribal leader Omar Mukhtar, fighting the Italian


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 army in the years leading up to World War II.The Italian authorities reportedly banned the film in 1982, as it was considered damaging to the army, and it was not shown on Italian television until a state visit by Gaddafi in 2009. It received critical acclaim in Britain, where it was praised in particular for the quality of its battle scenes. Later in 1981, <mask> won the Montréal World Film Festival Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of white-bearded Orthodox rabbi Reb Saunders in Jeremy Kagan's The Chosen. Janet Maslin commented that <mask>'s "slow, rolling delivery" was more "numbing than prepossessing", though a critic from Variety thought it an "exceptional performance as the somewhat tyrannical but loving patriarch". B-movies and criticism (1982–1994)
After his open-heart surgery in 1979, clinical depression and health problems during the 1980s directly affected <mask>'s career, and he often turned to B-movies, low-budget, independent productions and TV miniseries. He admitted that during this period he accepted "everything I was offered", and knew that many of the films he appeared in were not great, but wanted to demonstrate his strong work ethic despite his issues. He later regretted the poorer films in which he appeared during the 1980s, and wished he had done more stage work.He sank into an even deeper depression when he was not involved in acting, but it bothered him more that his acting career had taken a turn for the worse and was no longer challenging. The major studio producers were wary of his problems and considered him a liability. Steiger spoke about the experience to a younger colleague while advising:


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texts: "Never tell anyone if you've got heart problems, kid. Never." His reputation as a fine character actor remained intact, and Joel Hirschhorn at the time considered his talent to be "as strong as ever". In 1984, Steiger starred as a detective assigned to investigate the murder of a Chicago psychoanalyst (Roger Moore), a man whom he detests from a previous case, in Bryan Forbes's The Naked Face. Richard Christiansen of the Chicago Tribune referred to it as a "wimpy suspense movie shot in Chicago in the fall of 1983, [that] doesn't do much good for the city or for anyone connected with it", and considered Steiger to be "acting in his high hysteria gear", who "snarls and whines and overacts".<mask> took a break from cinema in the mid-1980s, during which he appeared in the Yorkshire Television mini-series The Glory Boys (1984) with Anthony Perkins, and Hollywood Wives (1985) with Angie Dickinson. <mask> and Perkins were at loggerheads during the production of The Glory Boys. Perkins resented the fact that Steiger insisted on a bigger trailer and felt that Steiger was trying to steal scenes from him, while Steiger had thought Perkins "so jittery and jinxed by the chemicals he was taking" that he felt sorry for him and believed that he was jeopardizing the success of the film. Steiger also performed on Joni Mitchell's 1985 album Dog Eat Dog, where he provided the voice of an evangelist in the song "Tax Free". Steiger appeared in the Argentine-American film Catch the Heat (1987), a martial arts picture about a Brazilian drug baroness who smuggles drugs into the United States inside her breast implants. According to director Fred Olen


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texts: Ray, it was pulled from distribution within a week of release. In 1988, <mask> and Yvonne De Carlo played a spooky elderly couple with developmentally delayed children in John Hough's horror film American Gothic.Universally panned by the critics, Caryn James of The New York Times wrote: "Mr. Steiger addresses the camera as if he were reciting Shakespeare, he is truly, straightforwardly, hilariously bad." During the last year of the decade he played authority figures, including a mayor in The January Man, and as Judge Prescott in Tennessee Waltz. Although Steiger admitted that his performance in The January Man was "way over the top", he enjoyed the experience, thereby marking a positive turning point after a period of clinical depression. In 1990, Steiger starred in Men of Respect, a crime drama film adaptation of William Shakespeare's play Macbeth. He played a character based on King Duncan, opposite John Turturro as Mike Battaglia (Macbeth), who plays a Mafia hitman who climbs his way to the top by killing Steiger's character. The film was critically panned, with Roger Ebert awarding it one star out of four, describing the concept as a "very, very bad idea". Steiger played another mobster, Sam Giancana, two years later in the miniseries Sinatra (1992).<mask> portrayed a reverend living in a small town in the American South in the macabre Merchant Ivory film production The Ballad of the Sad Café (1991), co-starring Vanessa Redgrave and Keith Carradine. The film met with generally lukewarm reviews, though it was entered into the 41st Berlin International Film Festival. Steiger auditioned for the part of an elderly Irishman in


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 Ron Howard's Far and Away, starring Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman. <mask>, who had long been bald, was ordered by Howard to wear a wig to the audition. He resented the fact that Howard insisted on taping the audition, which he believed to be a form of humiliation for actors, serving as after-dinner entertainment for the Hollywood executives. Steiger never forgave Howard, whom he referred to as a "cocksucker", for rejecting him for the part and giving it to Cyril Cusack. In 1993, Steiger portrayed an aging gynaecologist who terrorizes his urban neighbors in a rural community in Burlington, Vermont in The Neighbor.Dennis Schwartz considered it to have been one of <mask>'s creepiest roles, though he thought that the poor script had rendered the role awkward and "mildly entertaining in the sense that Steiger is asked to carry the film and hams it up". The following year, <mask> agreed to play the role of a Cuban mob boss opposite Sylvester Stallone and Sharon Stone in Luis Llosa's thriller The Specialist, citing its purpose as a "$40 million commercial" to show a new generation that he existed. Critics panned the film, which has a four percent approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 27 reviews as of July 2015. The role earned <mask> a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actor nomination, and the film was listed in The Official Razzie Movie Guide as one of "The 100 Most Enjoyably Bad Movies Ever Made". Later work and final years (1995–2002)

Following The Specialist (1994), <mask> appeared in Tom Clancy's Op Center (1995), a film that was edited down into a TV miniseries, and featured in a Columbo television film, Strange