title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts: Battle of Yellow Tavern" suggests that he had some influence on what was later called the Richmond or Sheridan's Raid. On May 8, 1864, at the beginning of the Overland Campaign, Sheridan went over his immediate superior, Major General Meade's head and told Grant that if his Cavalry Corps were let loose to operate as an independent unit, he could defeat Confederate Major General J.E.B. Stuart. "Jeb" Stuart was the most prominent and able cavalry officer of the south. Grant was intrigued and convinced Meade of the value of Sheridan's request.The May 1864 Battle of Yellow Tavern was the first of four major so called strategic raids. The others being the Trevilian in June 1864, the Wilson-Kautz in late June, and the First Deep Bottom in July 1864. Of all of these, only the Battle of Yellow Tavern can be considered a clear Union victory. The defeat and resulting death of "Jeb" Stuart made this clear during the first raid. At best, the follow-up raids diverted Confederate forces required to deal with them from where they were needed elsewhere. Despite what <mask> and other supporters of Sheridan have written, further raids of this caliber were less than successful. And these raids may have even hindered the Union effort by the lack of reconnaissance and intelligence Sheridan could have otherwise provided.How long <mask> served with Sheridan is not currently known. <mask> is not mentioned in Sheridan's personal memoirs or other major books on Sheridan. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel <mask> was promoted to first lieutenant in the Regular Army on September 28, 1864. He was then transferred the District of Kentucky, Department of Ohio and

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title: Louis H. Carpenter

type: original

texts:
 accepted a commission to lieutenant colonel of volunteers with the United States colored Troops. 5th U.S. Colored Cavalry
Lieutenant Colonel of Volunteers L<mask> <mask> arrived at Camp Nelson, Kentucky on October 1, 1864. The majority of 600 "colored" slaves, ex-slaves and freedmen of what would become the 5th United States Colored Cavalry (USCC) were absent.The men were then in the field being led by Lieutenant Colonel James S. Brisbin under Brevet Major General Stephen G. Burbridge preparing for an attack on Saltville, Virginia. The 5th USCC would not be officially organized until  October 24, 1864. First Battle of Saltville
In late September 1864, Burbridge led a raid into southwest Virginia against the salt works near the town of Saltville, Virginia as part of the Battle of Saltville on October 1, 1864. Burbridge controversially led white troops and some 600 mostly untrained black troops into that battle and, despite outstanding effort by the "coloured troops," the raid ultimately failed. Burbridge quickly retreated the next day. Wounded troops (black and white) were left behind on the field of battle. By October 3, an unknown number of surrendered and wounded Union soldiers were killed by Confederate regular, home guard and irregular soldiers, with special ire directed toward the black troops.To many this was a war crime and Champ Ferguson, a captain of partisan rangers, was later found guilty of murdering 53 white and black soldiers at the Battle of Saltville, and on October 20, 1865, he was hanged until dead. Ferguson and <mask> were the only two Confederate soldiers during the Civil War tried for war crimes. Union

masks:
. Henry
Carpenter
Henry Wirz


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 forces en route back to Camp Nelson had a brief engagement on October 21, 1864, at Harrodsburg, Kentucky. A few days later, <mask> faced the defeated but defiant Union troops as they returned to Camp Nelson in October. The reports of "Black Flag" behavior toward the "colored troops" and their white officers frightened many men. And it was widely reported in the press both North and South. Problems

<mask> became the executive officer of the 5th USCC in charge of training and getting the African-American recruits ready for combat.Basic drill, weapon training and conditioning helped build confidence and preparedness. <mask> faced another serious problem. Non-commissioned officers were to be chosen from the ranks and with almost an entire regiment of recent ex-slaves, <mask> found it difficult to find men literate enough to handle the tasks assigned to sergeants. "Scarcely any of the Colored men enlisted into this regiment can read or write," wrote <mask>, to Captain O. Bates Dickson in a letter. <mask>'s solution, which was granted by his superiors, involved placing literate white non-commissioned officers among the "colored sergeants." This combined with a literacy program for African-American NCOs corrected the problem in time. Another problem was the rifles issued to the 5th USCC.These were muzzle loaded Enfield infantry rifles unsuited for mounted use because they could not be loaded on horseback. <mask> taught tactics that involved dismounted fighting, going back to the concept of "mounted infantry" who dismounted to fight. A final problem was white officers promoted from the ranks who were "unsuited" to command "colored

masks: Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 troops." Despite efforts of training by <mask> and others, attrition was the only real solution for these junior officers. Stoneman's 1864 Winter Raid
In December 1864, General George Stoneman ordered the 5th USCC to participate in a raid from East Tennessee into southwestern Virginia. This resulted in engagements that involved the 5th USCC at Hopkinsville, Kentucky on  December 12, Kingsport, Tennessee on December 13, the Battle of Marion near Marion, Virginia on December 17 & 18, and the second Battle of Saltville on December 20 & 21 near Saltville, Virginia. All were considered Union victories.During the Battle of Marion, Division Commander Stephen G. Burbridge ordered the 5th USCC between two white units on the left flank of the Union line. Lieutenant Colonel James S. Brisbin and his second in command, <mask>, led their dismounted soldiers forward toward the Confederate defensive works. The Confederates opened heavy fire upon the advancing Union troops that included four ten pound Parrott rifled cannons. The first Union charge wavered and fell back. <mask> was seen giving clear orders to reform and rallied his men. With a mighty yell the 5th USCC rushed forward toward the breastworks but could not break the defensive line. <mask> ordered the men to dig in and night fell.Volunteers went out between lines to rescue the wounded. On December 18, the morning was cold and rainy with a light fog. The second day began as a copy of the first with multiple Union charges. The Union center was able to breach the center of the Confederate breastworks but were pushed out by a Rebel counterattack. <mask> led a mounted rescue force of

masks: Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts: colored soldiers to save white soldiers trapped near a cover bridge on the left flank. <mask> made several attempts but could not rescue the soldiers. Most of those trapped soldiers would be captured later that afternoon, but released before giving their parole.Later that day the Confederate reinforcements delivered a wild rebel yelling charge on the Union left flank. The white unit adjacent to the 5th USCC was completely routed and the 5th USCC flank was threatened. Ordered to fall back, <mask> and Brisbin tried to maintain an orderly retreat. Many "colored soldiers" remembering the murder of their comrades during the first battle of Saltville broke ranks to rescue their wounded comrades. The retreat threatened to become a rout. About 4 PM, Union reinforcements arrived and bolstered the Union line. During the night, Confederate forces were forced to retire due to the lack of ammunition.The next day Union forces buried the dead and helped the wounded. The costly victory marked the highpoint of Stoneman's raid. On the afternoon of December 20, Union forces attacked Saltville, Virginia. Confederate forces were overwhelmed when the 5th & 6th USCC entered the fray with a cold vengeance. Outnumbered Confederate forces retreated and awaited promised reinforcements. Union forces hastily attempted to destroy the vital salt works. They destroyed about one third of the boiling kettles and most evaporating sheds.They also damaged portions of the Virginia & Tennessee railroad. But they failed to destroy or damage the actual salt wells. General Stoneman claimed a victory and retreated out of Virginia before Confederate forces could

masks: Carpenter Carpenter


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 completely surround him. <mask>'s role is strangely missing from letters and other documents that simply note that he was there. Within three months, the saltworks were back in full production. <mask> later wrote a long letter home about this battle and how his men responded. Ambush at Simpsonville

On January 23, 1865, 80 "colored" troops of Company E, 5th US Colored Cavalry, under command of 2nd Lieutenant Augustus Flint, were assigned to move almost a thousand head of cattle from Camp Nelson to the stock yard at Louisville, Kentucky.The men were mostly assigned to the front and rear of the spread out herd of cattle. About 41 men were bringing up the rear on January 25 near Simpsonville, when they were ambushed by Confederate guerrillas. Very few of the Union troops were able to fire their muzzle-loaded Enfield infantry rifles, due to fouled powder. The guerrillas were armed with 6-shot revolvers, and most carried two or more. As Confederates quickly closed the distance, almost all of the "colored soldiers" bringing up the rear were wounded or dismounted. Only two escaped harm, one by playing dead, and the other hiding under an overturned wagon box. The forward group panicked and fled.About an hour after the ambush, local citizens found 15 dead and 20 wounded soldiers stretched out on and near the road. Four more soldiers were later found dead of wounds or of exposure nearby. The men of Simpsonville took 20 wounded men back to town, 8 of the men so severely wounded they were not expected to live. A total of six soldiers died en route or in Louisville. Later it was determined that 19 Union soldiers had been murdered trying


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 to surrender or  after being disarmed. The remainder of the Union wounded were left to die in the freezing cold. Three soldiers remained missing in the final accounting.Flint, who was in town during the ambush, fled to Louisville. Authorities telegraphed Camp Nelson, and <mask> immediately ordered ambulances, and a heavy escort was mounted. They arrived on scene on October 28 and took the surviving wounded to a hospital in Louisville. Locals reported what had happened and the boasts of the Confederate guerrillas, led by Captain Dick Taylor, who had murdered or shot many of the Union soldiers after they had been captured. The mass grave was located, and an effort was made to find the missing men. <mask> wrote a report and documented the names of the known guerrillas and encouraged a hunt and their prosecution. Command of the 5th USCC
In mid February 1865, Colonel James F. Wade regimental commander of the 6th USCC was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers and moved to Division duties.A reorganization of command of 5th & 6th USCC resulted. Brevet Lieutenant Colonel James S. Brisbin of the 5th USCC took over the 6th USCC and <mask> took command of the 5th USCC Regiment. The 5th USCC regiment was attached to the 1st Division, District of Kentucky, Department of Ohio until February 1865. The regiment subsequently served under the Military District of Kentucky until December 1865 and the Department of Arkansas until March 20, 1866. During this later period of time the regiment performed scattered garrison duties and reportedly hunted rebel renegades. End of the Civil War
Through the course of the Civil War, <mask> served in at


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 least 14 campaigns and over 150  battles related to them from the 1861 Peninsula Campaign, the 1862 Maryland Campaign, Campaign at Fredericksburg, the 1863 Gettysburg Campaign, Chancellorsville (in Stoneman's raid to the rear of Lee's army), the 1864 The Wilderness and final battles in Kentucky and south-West Virginia. Reconstruction

After the fighting stopped and Reconstruction began, <mask> did not go with the 6th Cavalry to Texas in October 1865, as reported in some historical sketches.<mask> stayed in Arkansas with the 5th USCC until March 1866. There was little or no fighting during the state of martial law imposed while the military closely supervised local government, enrolled freemen to vote, excluded former Confederate leaders for a period of time, supervised free elections, and tried to protect office holders and freedmen from the Ku Klux Klan and early versions of the  White League violence. <mask> and his men did face a low level of civil hostility and violence during this uneasy transition period by trying to keep the peace. <mask> was promoted colonel of volunteers on November 2, 1865. Battles of the 5th USCC
Summary of battles of the 5th USCC. All except the October 2 & 21, 1864 battles had <mask> present in the command structure. 1864

October 2 – Saltville, Virginia – Battle of Saltville I

October 21 – Harrodsburg, Kentucky – an engagement

December 12 – Hopkinsville, Kentucky – an engagement

December 13 – Kingsport, Tennessee (flanking movement & skirmishing)

December 17–18, 1864, Marion, Virginia – Battle of Marion

December 20–21 – Saltville, Virginia – Battle of Saltville II

1865

January 25 –


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 Simpsonville, KY – an ambush

Retirement of the 5th USCC
The 5th USCC Regimental Commander, Colonel of Volunteers, L<mask> <mask>, had his final regimental review on March 16, 1866, in Helena, Arkansas.The names of 46 officers and men still listed officially as missing in action and presumed murdered between October 2 & 8, 1864 were read for a final time to the regiment. Then most of the officers, including <mask>, were honorably discharged by ceremony. Over the next four days the men were mustered out and the regiment was officially retired on March 20, 1866. Official losses from October 24, 1864, to March 16, 1866, were 35 killed in action and 152 died in service from disease, wounds and other causes. After mustering out, <mask> reverted to his Regular Army rank of first lieutenant and returned home to Philadelphia on leave. After his leave he reported to the new 10th United States Cavalry Regiment. Loyal Legion
On January 2, 1867, <mask> was elected as a companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States (MOLLUS).He was assigned MOLLUS insignia number 433. Indian Wars and frontier service

10th Cavalry Regiment–Buffalo Soldiers
After the Civil War, <mask> was serving as a first lieutenant in the Regular U.S. Army and volunteered for cavalry duty with "Negro Troops" that were being raised. The 10th U.S. Cavalry was formed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in 1866 as an all African-American regiment. By the end of July 1867, eight companies of enlisted men had been recruited from the Departments of Missouri, Arkansas, and the Platte. Life at Leavenworth was not pleasant for the

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Carpenter
Carpenter
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Carpenter


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 10th Cavalry. The fort's commander, who was openly opposed to African-Americans serving in the Regular Army, made life for the new troops difficult. Benjamin Grierson sought to have his regiment transferred, and subsequently received orders moving the regiment to Fort Riley, Kansas.This began on the morning of August 6, 1867 and was completed the next day in the afternoon of August 7. <mask> accepted the rank of captain in the Regular Army on July 28, 1866, and took command of the African American troops of "D" company, 10th U.S. Cavalry. The 10th U.S. Cavalry regiment was composed of black enlisted men and white officers, which was typical for that era. <mask> was assigned to the newly formed Company H on July 21, 1867 and served with these original "Buffalo Soldiers" for thirteen years of near continuous conflict with the Native Americans in the southwest United States. <mask> was dispatched to Philadelphia to recruit non-commissioned officers in late summer and fall of 1867. His efforts contributed to the high level of veteran soldiers who became the core non-commissioned officers of the 10th Cavalry. <mask>'s men respected him, and his company had the lowest documented desertion rate of the Regular Army during his charge.He was known as being fair, firm, and consistent. He learned, saw and understood, the hardships and racial bigotry his men faced. After his service with the 10th, he campaigned and defended what his Buffalo Soldiers had done and could do. His ability to train and lead was notable and set a standard for all cavalry units. Battle of Beecher Island

On September 17, 1868, Lieutenant Colonel G. A. Forsyth


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 with a mounted party of 48 white scouts, was attacked at dawn. Forsyth, seeing no viable route for retreat, made a stand on a sandbar in the river. He was attacked by a force of about 200-300 Indian warriors  on a sand island up the North Fork of the Republican River; this action became the Battle of Beecher Island.The Indians were primarily Cheyenne, supported by members of the Arapaho tribe under the Cheyenne War Chief Roman Nose, who was killed during the battle. Forsyth dispatched Simpson "Jack" Stilwell and Pierre Trudeau  to seek help from Fort Wallace, more than  away. They were both able to reach Fort Wallace where rescue plans were quickly made. Three rescue parties went out on different routes to find the endangered party. The first, led by Lieutenant Colonel <mask> in charge of Troop H & I of the 10th Cavalry Regiment, relieved Forsyth on September 25. Forsyth had been shot in the thigh, breaking his leg, and in the forehead. He was not expected to survive another day.Battle of Beaver Creek
On October 14, 1868, two weeks after <mask> had returned to Fort Wallace with the survivors of Forsyth's command, he was ordered out once again. Troops H and I of the 10th Cavalry sallied forth to escort Major Carr of the 5th Cavalry to his new command with supplies to Beaver Creek. Near there <mask>'s supply train and command was attacked by a force of about 500 Indians with no sign of the 5th Cavalry present. <mask>, seeking a more defensive posture closer to Beaver Creek, advanced for a short period then circled the supply wagons in a defensible area. This was possible because his mounted troopers fought a mobile delaying


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 action. On his command, <mask>'s men rushed inside at the gallop. They dismounted and took up a defensive firing line at the gap between the wagons they had just entered.On <mask>'s command, several massive volleys of aimed Spencer repeating rifles hit the front waves of the mounted Indians. The volleys decimated them as if hit by cannon filled with musket balls. A number of warriors, dismounted and using their ponies as bullet breaks, returned fire. Nearly all of these warriors died along with their ponies. Only three warriors made it to within fifty yards of the wagons before their demise. The Indians were so traumatized and demoralized by <mask>'s defense that they did not renew their attack. <mask>'s troopers then accomplished their primary task by sending out scouts to find the location of the 5th Cavalry.This was done without further incident and they arrived back to Fort Wallace on October 21. <mask>'s command had traveled some 230 miles in a week, routed some 500 mounted Indians, delivered the needed supplies with the new commander of the 5th Cavalry and completed all as effectively and professionally as any other command could do. For their gallantry in this fight on Beaver Creek, the officers and men of the "Buffalo Soldiers" were thanked by General Sheridan in a general field order and in official dispatches to the War Department in Washington. Captain <mask> was brevetted Colonel." In 1898, for his efforts in September and October 1868, <mask> became one of seven 10th Cavalry soldiers to be awarded the Medal of Honor during its service on the frontier. Defense of the Wichita I

The 10th Regimental headquarters


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts: remained at Fort Gibson until March 31, 1869, when they moved to Camp Wichita, Indian Territory (now the state of Oklahoma). They arrived on April 12, 1869.Camp Wichita was an old Indian village inhabited by the Wichita tribe on the Anadarko Reservation. General Sheridan had selected a site nearby for a military post and <mask> with the rest of the 10th Cavalry was ordered there to establish and build it. Some time in the following month of August, the post was given the name of Fort Sill. Civil War Brigadier General Joshua W. Sill was a classmate and friend of Sheridan who was killed in action in 1862. On June 12, 1869, Camp Supply was attacked by a raiding party of Comanche intent on stealing cavalry mounts. The 3rd Infantry with Troops A & F of the 10th Cavalry pursued them, but were ambushed by the warriors. <mask> with Troops H, I, & K flanked the Indians, forcing them to withdraw.On August 22 & 23, 1869, <mask> and other troopers became involved in a fierce attack by Kiowa and Naconee Indians, who were focused on destroying the buildings and settlement on the Anadarko Reservation. <mask>, with Troops H and L, patrolled the area aggressively and engaged several groups of warriors who were setting prairie fires upwind of the settlement at different points. Further and increasingly violent assaults were made by the Native Americans, in numbers ranging from 50 to 500 at different points of the defensive lines. The decisive feature of the engagement was a charge made by Captain <mask>'s troopers. His men routed a body of over 150 warriors, who were about to take up a commanding position in rear of other defenders. On June 5,


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 1872, the 10th left Fort Sill to elements of the 3rd Infantry and proceeded back to Fort Gibson. Satank, Satanta and Big Tree

In May 1871, <mask> was involved in the capture and escort of the Kiowa warrior and medicine man Satank, along with the Kiowa War Chiefs Santana, and Big Tree at Fort Sill, Indian Territory, now in Oklahoma.General Sherman was present at the fort due to an inspection tour; also present was Colonel Benjamin Grierson. These three Native American leaders were the first to be tried, for raids (Warren Wagon Train Raid) and murder, in a United States civil court instead of a military court. This would deny them any vestige of rights as prisoners of war by being tried as any common criminal in the Court of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Texas in Jacksboro, Texas near Fort Richardson. The military leaders at the fort had been given written information from the Indian Agent regarding the killings during the raid. Plans were made to arrest the Indians involved. D Troop was hidden on foot behind the main office building. <mask> had mounted troopers waiting nearby.Sherman and Grierson sat on the porch, reviewing the situation and waiting for the Indians to arrive. When the Indians came, they blatantly boasted of what they had done. After Sherman told the Indians they were under arrest, a signal was given and the dismounted troopers came forward with carbines and pistols in hand. Lone Wolf, supporting the Kiowa Chiefs, pulled a rifle out from under his blanket serape and pointed it at Sherman. Sherman, ready for any problem, quickly disarmed him before the trigger could be pulled. Big Tree made an attempt to


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts: escape but was quickly subdued by <mask>'s mounted troopers. Sherman decided that these men were criminals to be tried in a civil court and <mask> was told to get it done.<mask> faced many problems associated with this, including the possibility of the Indians being rescued by their followers or being lynched by angry settlers, during their transport to the civilian court. During transport, Satank hid himself under his red blanket in his wagon while he gnawed the base of his thumb to the bone. This allowed him to slip the manacle from his wrist while he sang his death chant. With a small hidden knife that was not found during two separate searches, he stabbed the driver (who survived), both falling out of the wagon, grabbed a soldier's unloaded carbine and was mortally wounded in his escape attempt. The other two Kiowa were tried, found guilty, sentenced to death, had their sentences commuted to life and then paroled within a few years. They violated parole by raiding; Satanta was sent to the Huntsville State Penitentiary in Texas where, in despair, he later killed himself. Big Tree, who presented witnesses to his non-involvement, was returned to the reservation and accepted pacification.He lived on in the sadness of a warrior in exile. He later became a Christian and eventually, a minister in the Baptist church. The same Kiowa chief who had supervised the torture and burning of captives went about converting his own people to Christ. There were days, he would proudly recount his cruel acts against the white man, although it is faithfully recorded that he always concluded those tales with the solemn note that God had forgiven

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title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 him for those "hideous" acts. Defense of the Wichita II
In August 1874, <mask> became involved in fighting at Anadarko Reservation, Wichita, Indian Territory. This fighting is considered the first of many clashes during the Red River War (1874–75). <mask>, with Troops H & I was sent to support Fort Sill and by using aggressive patrols engaged several Kiowa and Comanche raiding parties.The relatively peaceful Wichita Indians on the reservation were targets of the hostile Indians because of their increasing positive status under pacification. The 10th were sent to Fort Concho in Texas where they were established on April 17, 1875. The exception was <mask>'s troop stationed at Fort Davis as of May 1, 1875. Victorio Campaign and map making

<mask> became heavily involved in the Victorio Campaign of 1879–80. Victorio was a warrior and chief of the Chihenne band of the Chiricahua Apaches. From January 12, 1880, to May 12, 1880, <mask> directed scouting missions into the isolated Chinati Mountains bordering the United States with Mexico. The surrounding area on the American side was the high desert of far West Texas.This is where Victorio and other Apaches had been making raids. These scouts helped provide the first reliable maps drawn in the areas of operation. Finding waterholes and mapping the area was a critical step in Victorio campaign. On May 12, 1880, when eight Apaches attacked a nearby wagon train. Captain Carpenter and H Company pursued the Apaches to the Rio Grande. There, under orders, <mask> had to stop at the international border with Mexico. Rattlesnake Springs
Colonel Grierson, commander of the 10th Cavalry,

masks: Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter Carpenter


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts: traversed the hot Chihuahuan Desert and then the narrow valleys of the Chinati Mountains, reaching Rattlesnake Springs on the morning of August 6, 1880.His cavalrymen and their mounts were worn down from the forced march of over 65 miles in 21 hours. After resting and getting water, Grierson carefully placed his men in ambush positions. <mask>, with his two cavalry troops, arrived as reinforcements and were posted in reserve a short distance south of the spring. The cavalrymen settled down to wait as Indian scouts brushed away any sign of their presence. A little after two o'clock in the afternoon, Victorio and his Apaches slowly approached the springs. Victorio somehow sensed danger and halted his men. With the hostile Apaches in their sights appearing ready to bolt, the soldiers did not wait and opened fire on their own initiative; Victorio's men scattered and withdrew out of carbine range.Victorio's people needed water and believing that there were only a few soldiers present, regrouped and attacked immediately. As the battle progressed, Victorio sent his warriors to flank the soldiers. <mask> charged forward with Companies B and H and a few massed volleys from their carbines sent the hostiles scattering back up the canyon. Stunned by the presence of such a strong force but in desperate need of water, Victorio repeatedly charged the cavalrymen in attempts to reach the spring. Grierson's cavalry defenders, now bolstered by <mask>'s two companies, stood firm. The last such attempt to break the soldiers was conducted near nightfall and when it failed, Victorio and his followers withdrew into the westward into the mountains.


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 <mask> with his two companies remounted in pursuit until darkness halted the effort.On August 7, <mask>, with Captain Nolan as second in command, and three companies of troopers headed out to Sulfur Springs to deny that source of water to the Apaches. In the early light of day, Victorio saw a string of wagons rounding a mountain spur to the southeast and about eight miles distant, crawling onto the plain. Victorio sent a band of warriors riding out of the mountains and attacked savagely. The wagons held a load of provisions for Fort Davis with a company of infantry riding in some of the wagons. The warriors were met with rifle fire, as the teamsters circled the wagons in defensive positions. Alerted by his Indian scouts, <mask> and two companies charged to the rescue. The Apache attack disintegrated as the warriors fled in confusion to the southwest to rejoin Victorio's main force as it moved deeper into the Carrizo Mountains.Nolan's ambush was not ready and the scattered warriors were able to avoid them. Pursuit of Victorio

On August 9, fifteen Texas Rangers with their Indian scouts, located Victorio's main supply camp on Sierra Diablo. The Rangers joined <mask> in the attack while Nolan guarded Sulfur Springs. <mask>'s attack scattered the Indian guards while the troopers secured 25 head of cattle, provisions and several pack animals. Victorio under increasing pressure, short of food and more importantly water, began to head south in two main groups. By August 11, <mask> was on the trail in pursuit but, with horses tired and thirsty from the campaign, the chase was slow. <mask> divided his command, with Nolan with his


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 company and Texas Rangers on one route, while he took the rest of the command on another route.On August 13, Nolan reached the Rio Grande where Indian scouts reported that Victorio had crossed the border into Mexico the evening before. <mask> arrived later and ordered the cavalrymen to rest near the river. On October 14, 1880, a sharpshooter of the Mexican Army ended Victorio's life at Cerro Tres Castillos, in the state of Chihuahua, Mexico. He was survived by his warrior sister Lozen who continued fighting. She was captured in 1886 by Buffalo Soldiers of the 9th Cavalry. Over 34,420 miles of uncharted terrain were charted from 1875 to 1885 by <mask> and other officers of the 10th Cavalry in West Texas. They added 300 plus miles of new roads with over 200 miles of telegraph lines.The scouting expeditions took the Buffalo soldiers through some of the harshest and desolate terrain ever documented in the American west. Excellent maps were provided by <mask> and other officers showing the scarce water holes, mountain passes and grazing areas. These efforts by <mask> and others of the 10th Cavalry were completed under adverse weather, limited supplies and the primitive equipment of the day. They had to be on the alert for the unexpected hit and run raids from Apaches and other Native American hostiles and bandits of all types." First Fort commands

From August 30, 1878, to May 29, 1879, <mask>, while holding the rank of captain in the Regular Army, but brevetted as a colonel in the 10th Cavalry, served as Commanding Officer of Fort Davis. Later, he served another period of command at the fort, between June 13 to July 27, 1879.


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 <mask> was then transferred to the 5th Cavalry with promotion to major, Regular Army, on February 17, 1883.On July 4, 1888, on the battlefield of Gettysburg, <mask> was "court-martialed" for being absent without leave the previous day. He proved that his absence was due to the Secretary of War who,  unmindful of <mask>'s duties as a former member of the Sixth U.S. Cavalry in the Civil War, had neglected to issue orders to <mask> in time to allow him to reach Fairfield for their 5th annual veteran's reunion. Major <mask>, then commanding officer of Fort Myer, was on duty with a contingent of soldiers at the bequest of William Crowninshield Endicott, the Secretary of War, for the 25th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg and its Blue & Gray reunions. Late career and Spanish–American War
<mask> served as the first Director of the "Cavalry and Light Artillery School" at Fort Riley, Kansas as a lieutenant colonel, Regular Army, 7th Cavalry (1892–1897). This school "formed the basis for practical instruction that enabled the officers and men who participated to study the duties of the soldier in garrison, in camp, and on the march." He also served as President of the Board to Revise Cavalry Tactics for the United States Army. In 1891, the United States Army conducted an experiment to integrate Indian soldiers into Regular Army units.While the primary object was to give employment, another was to utilize the talents of warriors from the most dangerous tribes. A significant number were sent to the "Cavalry School" at Fort Riley starting in late 1892. They received training not only in cavalry tactics, but in hygiene and classes in


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts: English. Unfortunately, probably by the lack of patience on part of the United States Army, and partly because of language difficulties and racial discrimination, the experiment failed and was discontinued in 1897. <mask> had handpicked Lieutenant <mask>. Scott to organize and command Troop L (composed of Kiowa, Comanche, and Apache Indians) for the 7th Cavalry. Scott commanded Troop L from inception to release of duty. Troop L, noted for their "deportment and discipline", was the last of these Native-American Troops to be disbanded soon after the "final review" of the Cavalry School's Director.<mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel, Regular Army, 2nd Cavalry on July 28, 1892, and transferred to the 5th Cavalry on August 28, 1892, serving at Fort Riley, Kansas. He was transferred to the 7th Cavalry on September 22, 1894. He was promoted to colonel, Regular Army, while stationed with the 7th Cavalry on June 2, 1897, and on May 4, 1898, he was commissioned a brigadier general of volunteers for the duration of the Spanish–American War. General <mask> commanded the 1st Division, 3rd Corps at Chickamauga and afterwards commanded the 3rd Division, 4th Corps at Tampa, Florida. Later, he was ordered to Cuba to occupy the Providence of Puerto Principe with a force consisting of the 8th Cavalry, 15th Infantry and the 3rd Georgia Volunteers. His were the first troops to take station in Cuba after the Battle of Santiago de Cuba. <mask> was appointed Military Governor of the province and remained in that capacity until June 12, 1899, when he was honorably discharged and reverted to his regular army rank of colonel.<mask> was promoted

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Hugh L
Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
Colonel Carpenter


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 on October 18, 1899, to brigadier general, Regular Army; he then retired the next day, at his own request, having served honorably for 38 years. Retirement

After retiring from the Army <mask> went home to Philadelphia but never married or had any children. He updated and completed the book his father <mask> started on his family's genealogical research, publishing it in 1912, regarding his immigrant ancestor <mask>. He spent time writing about his Civil War service and his time on the Western Frontier. His work on the May 1864 Richmond Raid, also known as Sheridan's raid, with the resulting Battle of Yellow Tavern where Confederate Army Major General J.E.B. Stuart was mortally wounded is still used as a basic reference. He gave many talks and wrote articles for the G.A.R.The Grand Army of the Republic was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who had served in the American Civil War. Brigadier General <mask> died on January 21, 1916, at his home on 2318 De Lancey Place in Philadelphia and was buried in the family plot at Trinity Episcopal Church New Cemetery, Swedesboro, New Jersey. Honors and awards
During his military career, <mask> earned the Medal of Honor during the Indian campaigns. He received a brevet promotion for bravery and was mentioned in dispatches during the Civil War. He received another brevet promotion and mention in military dispatches during the Indian campaigns. Medal of Honor citation
Rank and organization: Captain, Company H, 10th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Indian campaigns, Kansas and Colorado, September–October 1868.Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth:

masks:
Carpenter
Edward Carpenter
Samuel Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 Glassboro, N.J. Date of issue April 8, 1898. Citation:
Was gallant and meritorious throughout the campaigns, especially in the combat of October 15 and in the forced March on September 23, 24 and 25 to the relief of Forsyth's Scouts, who were known to be in danger of annihilation by largely superior forces of Indians. Military promotions

Regular Army
 Private: July 1861, Company C, 6th US Cavalry
 Corporal: November 1, 1861, Company C, 6th US Cavalry
 Sergeant: February 1862, Company L, 6th US Cavalry

Brevet promotions

<mask> received a series of brevet promotions for gallantry and or meritorious service to the ranks of;
 First lieutenant on July 3, 1863, for Gettysburg. Captain (United States) on September 19, 1864, for Winchester, Virginia. Major (United States) on March 13, 1865, for gallantry.Lieutenant colonel (United States) on March 13, 1865, for meritorious service during the Civil War. Colonel (United States) on October 18, 1868, for Beaver Creek, Kansas during the Indian Wars. U.S. Volunteers
 Lieutenant colonel on October 1, 1864, 5th US Colored Cavalry (USCC)
 Colonel on November 2, 1865, 5th USCC
 Brigadier general on May 4, 1898, 1st Corps, 3rd Division

Known commands
 Commanded the 5th US Colored Cavalry Regiment 1865–1866
 Commanded Fort Davis in West Texas 1878–1879. Fort Robinson, Nebraska 1887
 Fort Myer, Virginia 1887–1891
 Director of Cavalry School Application, Fort Riley, Kansas 1892
 Appointed to revise cavalry tactics 1896
 Commanded Fort Sam Houston, Texas 1897–1898
 Command of 1st Corps and 3rd Division, then 4th Corps in the Spanish–American War 1898
 Military Governor of the Province of Puerto


title: Louis H. Carpenter

texts:
 Principe, now Camagüey Province, Cuba 1898–1899. Memberships and clubs
 Member of the Loyal Legion
 Veteran of Foreign Wars

 Historical Society of Pennsylvania
 Academy of Natural Sciences

 Union League of Philadelphia

See also

 List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars
 List of people from Colorado
 List of people with surname <mask>

Notes

References

Further reading

External links
 The Carpenter Family papers, including <mask><mask>'s military papers and Civil War-era correspondence, are available for research use at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Coverage by Harper's Weekly regarding Saltville Battles; continued here
 Introduction to Civil War Cavalry
 Platt MOH webpage
 Alice Kirk Grierson and the Tenth Cavalry Officers' Wives at Fort Davis
 <mask>, <mask>., Cavalry Fighting Dismounted, November 1888 issue of Journal of the U.S. Cavalry Association cited by J. David Petruzzi in Hoofbeats and Cold Steel.Retrieved August 9, 2009. More articles by <mask> at: Kansas State Historical Society, Mircrofilm reel numbers M 968, M 969 & M970. See item: The Journal of the U.S. Cavalry Association published in Moundridge, McPherson, KS. Buffalo Soldiers
1839 births
1916 deaths
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People of New Jersey in the American Civil War
Union Army officers
United States Army soldiers
United States Army officers
American military personnel of the Indian Wars
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
Cavalry commanders
People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
Texas–Indian Wars
19th-century American writers
American Indian Wars recipients of the Medal

masks:
Carpenter
Louis H
. Carpenter
Carpenter
Louis H
Carpenter


title: John J. DeGioia

texts:
<mask> (born 1957) is an American academic administrator and philosopher who has been the president of Georgetown University since 2001. He is the first lay president of the school and is currently its longest-serving president. Upon his appointment, he also became the first lay president of any Jesuit university in the United States. Having spent his entire career at Georgetown, where he received his undergraduate and graduate degrees, <mask> was the dean of student affairs and held various vice presidential positions before becoming president. Early life

<mask> was born in Connecticut on 1957, and was raised in Orange, Connecticut and Hanford, California. He attended Amity Regional High School in Woodbridge, Connecticut, graduating in 1975. He then attended Georgetown College at Georgetown University, where he majored in English.<mask> also played sports and founded the Georgetown chapter of the Fellowship of Christian Athletes. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1979. Georgetown University administrator
Upon graduation, <mask> became a hall director at one of Georgetown's freshman dormitories, New South Hall. In 1982, he became an assistant to university president Timothy S. Healy, where he oversaw the office of the president. Three years later he was named dean of student affairs, during which time he led the university's committee on free speech, expanded the university's psychological and counseling services, and implemented a program to track the performance of student athletes. He also participated in two fundraising campaigns, one of which raised money for the construction of the Leavey Center. As dean of student affairs, he also was involved in the conflicts over Georgetown's Catholic identity during the tenure of Healy's successor, Leo J. O'Donovan.<mask> was criticized by some Catholics for allowing the formation of a student abortion rights group in 1991; the Vatican later ordered that the university could not fund the group. O'Donovan named <mask> the associate vice president and chief administrative

masks:
John Joseph DeGioia
DeGioia
John Joseph DeGioia
DeGioia
DeGioia
DeGioia
DeGioia


title: John J. DeGioia

texts:
 officer of Georgetown's main campus in 1992. <mask> received his Doctor of Philosophy in philosophy from the university's Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in 1995. He has taught undergraduates at the university as a professor of philosophy since that time. That same year, <mask> was promoted to vice president, overseeing all operations of the main campus, including the university's finances, undergraduate admissions, financial aid, athletics, and student affairs. He was promoted to senior vice president in 1998, where he was responsible for all university-wide operations. In this capacity, he managed the Georgetown Medical Center's financial and academic strategy, and ultimately negotiated the sale of the Georgetown University Hospital to MedStar Health in 2000, while retaining university ownership of the School of Medicine.President of Georgetown

On July 1, 2001, <mask> became the president of Georgetown University. Succeeding O'Donovan, upon his appointment, <mask> became the first lay president of any Jesuit university in the United States. It was the board of directors' initial intention to hire a Jesuit for the job, but they determined that there was not a suitable candidate for the office. In his inauguration speech on October 14, <mask> expressed his commitment to carrying on the Jesuit tradition of the university. Upon assuming office, he oversaw the successful completion of a $1 billion fundraising campaign (equivalent to $ in ), which the board of directors had begun in 1995. DeGioia began another major fundraising campaign in 2011, which reached its goal of $1.5 billion in 2015 (equivalent to $ in ), one year ahead of schedule. A number of construction projects have been undertaken during <mask>'s presidency.He assumed office midway through the construction of the Southwest Quadrangle, and oversaw its completion. Additionally, a new,  science building, Regents Hall, opened in 2012, and the <mask> R. Thompson, Jr. Intercollegiate Athletic Center opened in 2016. Several new academic components were created

masks: DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia John


title: John J. DeGioia

texts:
 during his tenure. The largest of these were the Georgetown campus in Qatar, which opened in 2005, and the McCourt School of Public Policy, which was founded in 2013. Permanent programs also were established in Shanghai and London. <mask> has been involved in several controversies as president. In 2012, he publicly came to the defense of a student at the Georgetown University Law Center, Sandra Fluke, following her testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives in support of the Affordable Care Act's contraceptive mandate, when political pundit Rush Limbaugh made disparaging comments about her.That same year, <mask> was criticized by prominent Catholics, including the Archbishop of Washington, Cardinal Donald Wuerl, for Georgetown's invitation of Kathleen Sebelius, the Secretary of Health and Human Services and author of the contraceptive mandate, to be honored as a graduation speaker. This prompted William Peter Blatty, a Georgetown alumnus, to file a canon lawsuit with the Vatican, requesting that it order the university to comply with Ex corde Ecclesiae. In 2016, <mask> convened a systemic study of and apology for the university's 19th-century connection to slavery. <mask> became the longest-serving president in Georgetown's history in 2014. Honors and affiliations
In addition to his role as university president, <mask> is involved in a number of national education organizations. He has been the chair of the board of directors of the American Council on Education and the Forum for the Future of Higher Education, and the chair of the board of governors of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). He has been a member of the boards of directors of the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the National Association of Independent Schools, as well as a commissioner of the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics.He is a member of the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on Values and WEF's Global University Leaders Forum. <mask> was presented the "Lifetime Achievement Award for Excellence in Academia"

masks: DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia DeGioia


title: John J. DeGioia

texts:
 by the Order Sons of Italy in America in 2004, and the "Catholic in the Public Square Award" by Commonweal magazine in 2012. He was named "Washingtonian of the Year" by Washingtonian magazine in 2008, and a "Brave Thinker" by The Atlantic in 2012. <mask> was inducted into the Amity Regional High School hall of honor in 2006. In 2010, he was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He has received honorary degrees from Miami Dade College in 2008, Loyola University Maryland in 2009, Queens University Belfast in 2009, Sacred Heart University in 2011, Mount Aloysius College in 2015, and Seattle University in 2016. In addition, he has received an honorary fellowship at Wrexham Glyndŵr University in 2010, and the "Esteemed Friend" award from Sophia University in Tokyo in 2014.He has been a member of the U.S. National Commission for UNESCO. Personal life
<mask>'s father, <mask><mask>, worked as a customer service specialist for a Connecticut manufacturing company. His mother taught gifted students in the Hanford, California, public schools. On November 5, 1994, <mask> married Theresa Anne Miller, an alumna of Georgetown University. Both Catholic, they were married at Holy Trinity Church in the Georgetown neighborhood, in a ceremony presided over by <mask>'s uncle, <mask>. Begley, a Jesuit priest. They have one son. <mask> is a member of the Order of Malta.References

External links

Georgetown University Office of the President website

Members of the Council on Foreign Relations
Living people
1957 births
20th-century Roman Catholics
21st-century Roman Catholics
American people of Italian descent
Georgetown College (Georgetown University) alumni
Georgetown University alumni
Georgetown University faculty
People from Hanford, California
People from Orange, Connecticut
People from Washington, D.C.
Presidents of Georgetown University
Catholics from California
Catholics from Connecticut
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Knights

masks:
DeGioia
DeGioia
John G
. DeGioia
DeGioia
DeGioia
John J
DeGioia


title: Robert Jocelyn, 1st Viscount Jocelyn

texts:
<mask>, 1st <mask> PC (I) SL (c. 1688 ? – 3 December 1756) was an Anglo-Irish politician and judge and member of the Peerage of Ireland, best known for serving as Lord Chancellor of Ireland. Biography

Early life
<mask> was the eldest son of <mask> of Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire, and Anne Bray, daughter of Thomas Bray of Westminster. His paternal grandfather was Sir <mask>, 1st Baronet, a High Sheriff of Hertfordshire. The <mask>s  are recorded as living in  at Sawbridgeworth since  at least the fifteenth century:  notable members of the family  included Ralph Josselyn of Hyde Hall (died 1478),  who was twice Lord Mayor of London. He appears to have studied  law for some time in the office of an attorney named Salkeld in Brooke Street, Holborn,  where he made the acquaintance of Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke, (who served concurrently as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain during <mask>'s term as Lord Chancellor of Ireland) and afterwards Lord Hardwicke. Early career

<mask> was admitted as a student of Gray's Inn in 1709, he was called to the Irish Bar   on 27 January 1719, and at a by-election in September 1725 was returned to the Irish House of Commons for Granard, County Longford.He was appointed  Third Serjeant on 28 March 1726, and at the general election in 1727 was elected for Newtown, County Down. Law Officer

On 4 May 1727 he became Solicitor-General. On the accession of George II <mask> was confirmed in his office, and on 22 October 1730 was promoted to the post of

masks:
Robert Jocelyn
Viscount Jocelyn
Jocelyn
Thomas Jocelyn
Robert Jocelyn
Jocelyn
Jocelyn
Jocelyn
Jocelyn


title: Robert Jocelyn, 1st Viscount Jocelyn

texts:
 Attorney-General, in the place of Thomas Marlay, lately appointed Lord Chief Baron. In 1739 as Attorney-General he prosecuted Lord Santry for the  unprovoked murder of Laughlin Murphy, a tavern porter. Santry was convicted and sentenced to death, but  he was reprieved  and went free. Lord Chancellor

On the resignation of Thomas, Lord Wyndham, <mask>, through the influence of his old friend Lord Hardwicke, was appointed Lord Chancellor (7 September 1739), and took his seat as speaker of the Irish House of Lords at the opening of Parliament on 9 October 1739. He was created Baron Newport, of Newport, in the County Tipperary by letters patent dated 29 November 1743.As Lord Chancellor, he was one of those charged with designing measures to alleviate the Famine of 1740–1,  which was so severe that it became known as "the year of slaughter". One historian has criticised the measures which were put in place as both harsh and ineffective. On 3 February 1744 he presided as Lord High Steward at the trial of Nicholas Netterville, 5th Viscount Netterville, who was indicted for the murder of  his  manservant Michael Walsh, but was "honourably acquitted",   on the grounds that  the two main witnesses against him had died before the trial, and their depositions could not be relied on as evidence. Surprisingly little is known about the details of the crime. He was created Viscount <mask>,  also in the peerage of Ireland, by letters patent dated 6 December 1755 In September 1756 the   Great Seal of Ireland  was put

masks: Jocelyn Jocelyn


title: Robert Jocelyn, 1st Viscount Jocelyn

texts:
 in commission during <mask>'s absence from Ireland for the recovery of his health. He never returned, and, dying in London on 3 December 1756, aged 68, was buried at Sawbridgeworth, Hertfordshire. Character assessment and memorials
<mask> is described by Lord Chesterfield as "a man of great worth".He possessed an amiable character, and literary and antiquarian tastes. He served no fewer than nine times as one of the Lords Justices  during the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and was president of the Dublin Physico-Historical Society. Among the Addit. MSS. in the British Museum  there is an interesting letter written by <mask> (dated Dublin 2 Nov 1754) to the Duke of Newcastle, calling the duke's attention to "the very extraordinary height to which the disputes and animosities here have been unhappily carried". He had a house at St  Stephen's Green in the city centre, and later leased Mount Merrion House, to the south of Dublin,  from  Viscount FitzWilliam. He  was a man of simple tastes and unassuming manner: it was  noted with amusement that both his chaplain, Isaac Mann (later Bishop of Cork and Ross), and his house steward  Mr Wilde were frequently mistaken for him, as both had far more of the grand manner expected  of a nobleman than <mask> did.He was happiest at home at Mount Merrion, rarely leaving it in his leisure time, his main recreation being walks in the surrounding countryside (now suburban,  Merrion was then largely open country). Elrington Ball states that though in politics

masks: Jocelyn Jocelyn Jocelyn Jocelyn


title: Robert Jocelyn, 1st Viscount Jocelyn

texts:
 he remained an Englishman, his love for his adopted country, which he scarcely left in the last twenty years of his life, entitles him to be called an honorary Irishman. Two portraits of <mask> by the leading artist Stephen Slaughter were in the possession of the Earl of Roden in 1890. A marble bust by  John Bacon  was erected to his memory in Sawbridgeworth Church by his son. Family
<mask> married, firstly,  in 1720, Charlotte (died 23 Feb 1747), daughter and co-heiress of Charles Anderson of Worcester; her sister Anne married Timothy Goodwin, Archbishop of Cashel. Their only son, <mask>, succeeded him as second viscount, and was created Earl of Roden of High Roding in the county of Tipperary on 1 December 1771. The death of Charlotte, "the best of wives" caused him intense grief.On 15 November 1754 <mask> married, secondly, Frances, daughter of Thomas Claxton of Dublin,  and widow of Richard Parsons, 1st Earl of Rosse. Though short-lived, this marriage was also  a happy one. She survived her second husband, and died on 25 May 1772. Notes

References

Further reading

|-

1756 deaths
Attorneys-General for Ireland
Irish MPs 1727–1760
Lord Chancellors of Ireland
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Solicitors-General for Ireland
Viscounts in the Peerage of Ireland
Peers of Ireland created by George II
Year of birth uncertain
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Down constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Longford

masks: Jocelyn Jocelyn Robert Jocelyn


title: Jason Witten

texts:
<mask> (born May 6, 1982) is a former American football tight end who played 17 seasons, primarily for the Dallas Cowboys of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Tennessee, and was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the third round of the 2003 NFL Draft. Witten ranks second in all-time career receptions and receiving yards by an NFL tight end, trailing only Tony Gonzalez. Initially retiring in 2018, he became a color analyst for ESPN's Monday Night Football. After working as an ESPN color analyst for the 2018 season, Witten returned to the NFL for the 2019 season, reuniting with the Cowboys. Witten then joined the Las Vegas Raiders for the 2020 season. Witten afterward retired again but signed a one-day contract to retire as a member of the Cowboys.Early life
Witten has one cousin, Triston <mask>, two older brothers, Ryan and Shawn who were raised in Washington D.C., but attended Elizabethton High School in Elizabethton, Tennessee. Witten's father, a 6'8", 300 lb. mailman, became addicted to alcohol and drugs when Witten was 6 and became abusive toward Witten's mother, Kim, and Witten's older brothers. When Witten was 11, he moved to Elizabethton to live with his grandparents. His grandfather, Dave Rider, was the coach of the football team where Witten was a two-way player, playing linebacker and tight end. Witten became a three-year starter playing both linebacker and tight end, while helping his team reach the state semi-finals three times. As a senior linebacker, he finished the season with 163 tackles (registering a career school record 450), nine sacks, two interceptions, five forced fumbles, three fumble recoveries, and two blocked kicks.That year, he received several accolades: All-American, All-State (also as a junior), USA Today Player of the Year for Tennessee, East Tennessee Player of the Year, Region Defensive Player of the Year and runner-up for the Mr. Football award. He had 26 receptions and 14 touchdowns

masks:
Christopher Jason Witten
Witten


title: Jason Witten

texts:
 757 receiving yards and six touchdown receptions in 2005. As a result of his successful season, he was named to his second Pro Bowl. 2006 season
At the end of the 2006 season, Witten became just the tenth tight end in NFL history to post three consecutive seasons with at least 60 receptions.He registered 64 receptions for 754 yards (11.8-yard avg.) and one touchdown, while being named to his third Pro Bowl. On July 22, Witten signed a six-year, $29 million contract extension through 2012. The deal contained $12 million guaranteed, including a $6 million signing bonus and a $6 million option bonus in the second year. 2007 season
Witten had a career year in 2007, breaking his own single-season Cowboys tight end record for receptions with 96 and becoming the first franchise tight end to reach 1,000 receiving yards in a season. He became the third tight end in NFL history with 96 or more catches. He started the season off strong with six receptions for 116 receiving yards and a touchdown in a 45–35 victory over the New York Giants in Week 1.In the Week 9 game on November 4, while playing on the road against the Philadelphia Eagles, he made a 53-yard reception after losing his helmet. On December 9 against the Detroit Lions in Week 14, <mask>'s 15 receptions tied an NFL record held by Hall of Famer Kellen Winslow Sr., for most receptions in a game by a tight end in NFL history. In the following game against the Eagles in Week 15, Witten became the first Dallas tight end ever to gain over 1,000 receiving yards in a season. Witten was also one of the NFL-record 13 Cowboys players selected to the Pro Bowl. Additionally, he made the 2007 All-Pro team along with teammates Terrell Owens and DeMarcus Ware. He was named as a First Team All-Pro for the 2007 season. Witten was nominated for the 2007 Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award, which was won by <mask>.The Cowboys made the playoffs with a 13–3 record. In the Divisional Round against the New York Giants, he had seven

masks:
Witten
Jason Taylor


title: Josiah Priest

texts:
<mask> (1788–1861) was an American nonfiction writer of the early 19th century. His books and pamphlets, which presented both standard and speculative history and archaeology sold in the thousands. Although <mask> appears to have been poorly educated, he attempted to portray himself as an authority in his books. <mask> is often identified as one of the creators of pseudoscientific and pseudohistoric literature. Although his work was widely read and several of his works were published in multiple editions, his books were characterized by theories that were used to justify the violent domination over both the Native American and African-American peoples. <mask>'s works were among the most overtly racist of his time. <mask>'s offensive works help set the stage for the  Trail of Tears and the defense of slavery that contributed to the conflicts of the American Civil War.Early life
<mask> was born in Unadilla, New York. He grew up during a time when the United States was first establishing itself as a nation. Little specific is known about his schooling, but it is assumed that he received a basic primary and secondary education. At the age of 24 he married Eliza Perry from Lansingburgh, New York. After a brief period in Lansingburgh, they migrated to Albany, New York, around the year 1819. While there, <mask> was first employed as a coach "trimmer" or upholsterer,  He later worked in leather, mainly fashioning saddles and harnesses. He and Eliza conceived and raised a total of ten children.He was reportedly well-liked by the churchgoers for his dramatic performance during the sermons, several of which were published.<ref>Sloan, De Villo. (2002), The Crimsoned Hills of Onondaga: <mask>'s Hallucinatory Epic," Journal of Popular Culture (Bowling Green) 36(1): 86-104.</ref>  <mask>'s fundamentalist view of Christianity and his faith in Biblical literalism are evident throughout his work. <mask> knew Oliver Cowdery, who later assisted Joseph Smith, Jr., in the production of the Book

masks:
Josiah Priest
Priest
Priest
Priest
Priest
Priest
Priest
Josiah Priest
Priest
Josiah Priest


title: Josiah Priest

texts:
 of Mormon. Writing career

<mask> decided to give up his profession as a leather worker and become a writer. His first book, in a genre now identified as cryptozoology was The Wonders of Nature and Providence, Displayed, compiled from Authentic Sources, Both Ancient and Modern, Giving an Account of Various and Strange Phenomena Existing in Nature, of Travels, Adventures, Singular Providences, &c. (1826). His other major publications were American Antiquities and Discoveries of the West (1833) and Slavery, As It Relates to the Negro (1843), each of which was published in multiple editions. His writing about American prehistory—and this comment is not made entirely to be humorous—might be classified as science fiction or fantasy as well as a subgenre of American Romanticism, the elements of which are pronounced in the early products of popular culture.Winthrop Hillyer Duncan writes, “This author is thought by some to have been the creator or forerunner of the popular dime and nickel novels of the sixties, seventies and eighties." American Antiquities (1833)

This 400-page publication centered around <mask>'s own study of the Bible and antiquarian journals, supplemented by information from his travels. After visiting earthworks in Ohio and New York, <mask> concluded that these mounds could be traced back to a lost race that had inhabited America even before the Native Americans. This idea is now referred to as the "mound builder myth" and still has supporters in society today. The book grew in popularity because of <mask>'s views on Native Americans. "It tapped into the widely accepted view of those times that Native Americans were merely bloodthirsty savages, bent on the destruction of all but their own race. It was inconceivable to <mask> and like-minded men that a race so lazy and inept could conceive and build such huge, elaborate structures."<mask> speculated that the original dwellers could be the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. The reasoning <mask> gives for his conclusion

masks: Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest


title: Josiah Priest

texts:
 that there was an even earlier settler than the Native Americans relies upon his own Biblical interpretation of the flood story. According to <mask>, after the great flood disappeared, Noah and his ark landed on America. While surveying the land, Noah also discovered mounds that had been constructed before the waters rose up. Upon seeing this, Noah questioned where these agricultural phenomena came from. "Surveying the various themes of mound builder origins, he could not decide whether the mounds were the work of Polynesians, Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Israelites, Scandinavians, Welsh, Scotts, or Chinese, although he felt certain the Indians had not built them." <mask>'s clear bias against Native Americans probably derived from stories he heard during the American Indian Wars.Immediately following the American Revolution, Native Americans who were engaged in bloody and violent battles were frequently represented by the dominant culture as savages and threats to peace. Slavery, As It Relates to the Negro (1843)

Another work in which <mask> uses Biblical interpretation as a central theme is Slavery, As It Relates to the Negro, Or African Race (1843). In this overtly racist book, <mask> seeks to use references from the Bible to prove that God created black people to be slaves. <mask> claims that Noah's three sons were each a different color. The black offspring was named Ham, which <mask> says was a word Egyptians used to identify objects that were black. He goes on to assert that Ham was cursed from birth to be a servant. As a consequence of his sins, all his people would also suffer the fate of slavery.<mask> writes, "The appointment of this race of men to servitude and slavery, was a judicial act of God, or in other words was a divine judgment." Multiple revised editions of this book were republished in the 1850s under the title, Bible defence of slavery or, The origin, history, and fortunes of the Negro race. <mask> provides three pieces of evidence for why the Bible

masks: Josiah Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest


title: Josiah Priest

texts:
 justifies the enslavement of black people. He says that the blacks were created with lower intelligence and more irrational behavior than other colors of man, suiting them as servants. He cites a verse in the Book of Genesis that states that Ham and all of his descendants were destined to be slaves. He argues that, due to the black's inferior attributes, they possessed a need to be enslaved. His book discusses how a black man's physical stature and skin, as opposed to those of a white man, are designed to be more durable and therefore intended for hard manual labor.Pamphlets and historical profiles
In addition to his books, <mask> wrote several pamphlets focusing on heroes of the American Revolution. His narratives suggest a preoccupation with racial conflicts, since they focus mainly on soldiers who had been held in captivity by Native Americans. Frank H. Severance (1856-1931), a noted author-historian, defended <mask>'s style of writing, saying, "I'm aware that <mask> is not altogether trustworthy as a historian; yet he concedes to his works "a large amount of historic material obtained at some pains from sources more or less authentic."... <mask> is least trustworthy in his more ambitious work; whereas his unpretentious pamphlets... contain true narratives of individual undertakings in the Revolution, Indian captivities and other
pioneer experiences, gathered by the writer direct from the hero whose adventures he wrote down, without litarary skill... but also without apparent perversion or exaggeration." <mask> recorded stories of Native American atrocities against white settlers that otherwise may have been forgotten. However, his selection of stories was biased towards portrayals of Native Americans as violent. Criticisms and legacy
Critics dismiss <mask>'s books as compilations of poorly supported theories motivated by racism.Robert Silverberg notes, "The argument he constructs is built on literal interpretations of Biblical passages mixed with popular

masks: Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest Priest


title: Josiah Priest

texts:
 pseudo-scholarly views and gross misreadings of related texts." <mask> was known for integrating many types of sources into his writings, seeking to create a semblance of authority and credibility for a popular audience. <mask>'s fantastic assertions persist today in the works of pseudoscience, pseudohistory, and New Age pop culture. In this respect, he can be considered a pioneer in popular but highly erroneous publishing. The popularity of his works allowed Americans of his time to indulge in romantic fantasies about the past that encouraged their own racism. BibliographyThe wonders of nature and Providence, displayed," (1826) Google eBook. American antiquities and discoveries in the West, 3rd rev.ed. (1833) Open Library. American antiquities and discoveries in the West, (1835) Internet Archive. American antiquities and discoveries in the West, (1835) Google eBook. Bible defence of slavery and the origins, fortune, and history of the Negro race, as deduced from history, both sacred and profane, their natural relations--moral, mental, and physical--to the other races of mankind, compared and illustrated--their future destiny predicted, etc. (1851) Internet Archive. Bible defence of slavery and origins, fortune, and history of the Negro race, (1852) Google eBook.Notes

References
Harpster, Jack; Statler, Ken (2010) Captive! The Story of David Ogden and the Iroqouis. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, LLC. <mask>, <mask> (1843) Slavery, As It Relates to the Negro, or African Race. Albany: C. Van Bethuysen & Co.
Sloan, De Villo (2002) "The Crimsoned Hills of Onondaga: <mask>'s Hallucinatory Epic," Journal of Popular Culture 36 (1)
Williams, Stephen (1991) Fantastic Archaeology: The Wild Side of North American Prehistory. University of Pennsylvania Press

External links

1788 births
1851 deaths
American non-fiction writers
19th-century American writers
People from Unadilla, New York
Writers from Albany, New York
American white

masks:
Priest
Priest
Priest
Josiah
Josiah Priest


title: Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker

texts:
<mask>, Baroness <mask> (, born 1960 in Mechelen, Belgium, grew up in Wemmel) is a contemporary dance choreographer. The dance company constructed around her, , was in residence at La Monnaie in Brussels from 1992 to 2007. Biography
<mask>er did not study dance until her last year of high school, instead studying music, specifically the flute. She studied from 1978 to 1980 at Mudra in Brussels, a school with links to La Monnaie and to Maurice Béjart's Ballet of the 20th Century. She has said that the percussionist and her music teacher at MUDRA, , was a major influence on her. In 1981, she attended the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University. While at the Tisch she presented her first production, Asch (1980), in Brussels.In 1982 upon her return from the U.S.A. she created , four movements to the music of Steve Reich. It was this production that brought her "a breakthrough on the international dance scene, performing, among other places, at the Avignon Festival". The success of Fase contributed largely to the foundation of the Rosas in 1983. Rosas danst Rosas - <mask> <mask>eker's first choreography for the young company to new compositions of Thierry <mask>y and Peter Vermeersch - brought Rosas the international breakthrough as a company. During the eighties, Rosas was supported by Kaaitheater of Brussels (director <mask> Greef). Within the framework of Kaaitheater, her oeuvre took shape. Performances such as Elena's Aria (1984), Bartók/Aantekeningen (1986), a staging of Heiner Müller's triptych Verkommenes Ufer/Medeamaterial Landschaft mit Argonauten (1987), Mikrokosmos-Monument

masks:
Anne Teresa
De Kemaeker
De Keersmaek
Anne Teresa
De Keersma
De Me
Hugo De


title: Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker

texts: Selbstporträt mit Reich und Riley (und Chopin ist auch dabei)/In zart fliessender Bewegung - Quatuor Nr.4, (1987), Ottone, Ottone (1988), Stella (1990) and Achterland (1990) were produced in collaboration with Kaaitheater.In 1992, La Monnaie's general director Bernard Foccroulle invited Rosas to become the resident company of Brussels' Royal Opera De Munt/La Monnaie. At the start of the residency, <mask> <mask>er set herself three objectives: to intensify the relation between dance and music, to build a repertory, and to launch a dance school (after the disappearance of MUDRA from Brussels in 1988). That year, Rosas created ERTS and released Rosa - a film of a choreography by <mask> <mask>er to Bartók music directed by Peter Greenaway. Later that year, Rosas created Mozart Concert Arias, un moto di gioia for the Avignon Festival. A production made in collaboration with the Orchestre des Champs Elysées, directed by Philippe Herreweghe. In 1993, Rosas created Toccata, to the music of J.S. Bach, for the Holland Festival.In May 1994, the KunstenFESTIVALdes Arts in Brussels premièred Kinok, produced in collaboration with Thierry <mask> and the Ictus Ensemble. At the end of 1994, this collaboration resulted in a new creation: Amor Constante más allá de la muerte. In November 1995, La Monnaie premièred Verklärte Nacht, a choreography that was part of a production of Schönberg music Erwartung/Verklärte Nacht. In 1995, Rosas and La Monnaie launched in Brussels a new international school for contemporary dance, the Performing Arts Research and Training Studios (PARTS), where sixty students coming

masks:
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaek
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaek
De Mey


title: Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker

texts: from some 25 countries are trained, over a three-year period, by more than 50 teachers. In December 1996, Woud, three movements to the music of Berg, Schönberg & Wagner was premièred in Seville. At the beginning of 1997, <mask> <mask>er created, together with Steve Paxton and The Wooster Group, 3 solos for Vincent Dunoyer. In November 1997, Just Before, to a live performance by the Ictus Ensemble of music composed by Magnus Lindberg, John Cage, Iannis Xenakis, Steve Reich, Pierre Bartholomée and Thierry <mask>, was presented in La Monnaie.In February 1998, <mask> <mask> made her debut as an opera director at La Monnaie with Bartók's Duke Bluebeard's Castle. In August 1998, the Impuls Festival in Vienna premièred Drumming, a production to Steve Reich's composition of the same name. In November <mask> <mask> created The Lisbon Piece, for the Portuguese Companhia Nacional de Bailado: her first experience as a guest choreographer. In March 1999, <mask> <mask> created, together with Rosas dancer Cynthia Loemij and Jolente <mask> and Frank Vercruyssen from the theatre company STAN, Quartett; a dance-theatre performance based on the text by Heiner Müller. One month later, she choreographed and danced a duet with Elizabeth Corbett for the production with/for/by. In May 1999, Rosas premiered I said I, a collaboration with Jolente <mask> for the direction, with the Ictus Ensemble, Aka Moon and DJ Grazzhoppa for the music composition and execution. Jan Joris Lamers designed the set and lighting and Dries van Noten the costumes.For In Real Time in 2000, Rosas again collaborated with Stan, as well as

masks:
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaek
De Mey
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaeker
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaeker
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaeker
De Keersmaeker
De Keersmaeker


title: Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker

texts:
 with the jazz-ensemble Aka Moon for the composition and live interpretation of the music. In January 2001, <mask> <mask>er created Rain, another performance to a score by Steve Reich, his Music for 18 Musicians. 2002 saw the celebration of twenty years of Rosas and ten years of residence at La Monnaie, with the re-run of the text-pieces, the creation of (but if a look should) April me and Rain live, the two latter accompanied by Brussels contemporary music ensemble Ictus. A 336 pages book Rosas, if and only if wonder was published and a multimedia exhibition was organised in newly opened halls at the Centre for Fine Arts, Brussels, and was attended by over 15,000 people. Once, a solo to the music of Joan Baez, concluded the celebration year's performances. 2003 showed yet a new evolution: whereas in the past her choreographies had been very precise and closely linked to the music, in Bitches Brew / Tacoma Narrows, <mask>er for the first time allowed improvisation by her dancers during the performance. Over the past years, Rosas has also revived several earlier pieces: Rosas danst Rosas, , Mikrokosmos, Achterland and others.Rosas' productions have been invited by theatres and festivals across five continents. In October 2011, <mask>er publicly accused the R&B singer Beyoncé of plagiarising choreography from two Rosas pieces—"Rosas Danst Rosas" and "Achterland"—in the music video for the single Countdown. Awards
Both the performances and the films of <mask> <mask>er have been distinguished by various international awards. Rosas danst Rosas won the Bessie Award (1987), Mikrokosmos received a

masks:
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaek
De Keersmaek
De Keersmaek
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaek


title: Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker

texts: Japanese Dance Award for the best foreign production (1989), Stella got the London Dance and Performances Award (1989), Drumming was prized with the Golden Laurel Wreath for the best choreography in Sarajevo (October 1998). In 2011, she received the American Dance Festival Award for her career and at this occasion presented one of her seminal work Rosas danst Rosas (1983). The film Hoppla! was awarded a Sole d'Oro in Italy and the Grand Prix Vidéo Danse in Sète (1989).The film Rosa has been distinguished by a Dance Screen Award, got a Special Jury Commendation in the Black and White Short Film Competition at the Film Festival in Cork and was selected for the 49th Mostra Interazionale d'Arte Cinematografica in Venice (1992). In 1994 in Lyon a Dance Screen Award was offered to the film Achterland (1994), while the film Rosas danst Rosas obtained the Grand Prix International Vidéo Danse in 1997 and the special prize of the Jury of the International Festival of Film and New Media on Art in Athens in 1998. In 2000, the short film Tippeke got the Grand Prix Carina Ari of the Festival International Media Dance in Boulogne-Billancourt. Furthermore, in June 1995, <mask> <mask>er received the title of Doctor Honoris Causa at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In March 1996 the government of the province of Antwerp awarded her the Eugène Baie prize, and in May 2000 she was awarded by the French Republic the "Officier dans l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" title. In 2002 she received the annual award of the Gabriella Moortgat Stichting and la médaille de Vermeil from the City of Paris and a medal

masks:
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaek


title: Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker

texts:
 ('Erepenning') of the Belgian Flemish government. In 2004 she was awarded the "Keizer Karelprijs" by the province of Oost Vlaanderen.In 2008, she became—again in France—"Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres". Honours
 1996: Created Baroness de Keersmaeker, by king Albert II. 2000: Officer in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
 2005: Member of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts. 2008: Commander in the Order of Arts and Letters. 2012: Golden Medal of the City of Lisbon. 2015: Austrian Decoration for Science and Art. Choreography

Choreography for other companies than Rosas
 The Lisbon Piece (for the Portuguese Companhia Nacional de Bailado)

Opera directions
 Bluebeard's Castle (music by Bartók) (1998)
 I due Foscari (music by Verdi) (2003)
 Hanjo (music by Toshio Hosokawa) (2004)
 Così fan tutte (music by Mozart) (2017)

Filmography
 Répétitions (Marie André, 1985, 43min)
 Hoppla!(Wolfgang Kolb, 1989, 52min)
 Monoloog van Fumiyo Ikeda op het einde van Ottone, Ottone (Walter Verdin, <mask> <mask> and Jean-Luc Ducourt, 1989, 6min23sec)
 Ottone, Ottone (Part 1 and 2) (Walter Verdin and <mask> <mask>eker, 1991, Part 1: 52min and Part 2: 50min)
 Rosa (Peter Greenaway, 1992, 16min)
 Mozartmateriaal (Jurgen Persijn and Ana Torfs, 1993, 52min)
 Achterland (<mask> <mask>er and Herman Van Eyken, 1994, 84min)
 Tippeke (Thierry <mask>, 1996, 18min)
 Rosas danst Rosas (Thierry <mask>, 1997, 57min)
 Fase (Thierry <mask>, 2002, 58min)
 Rain (Olivia Rochette and Gerard-Jan Claes, 2012, 83min)

Sources

External links

Biography on Rosas website
Rosas, Bal Moderne and

masks:
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaeker
Anne Teresa
De Keersma
Anne Teresa
De Keersmaek
De Mey
De Mey
De Mey


title: Gautier d'Espinal

texts: <mask>'Espinal (also d'Epinal, d’Épinal or d'Espinau) (died before July 1272) was a French trouvère poet of the 13th century. Grove states that while details of his life are lacking, some documents of the time mention a <mask>'Espinal active between 1232 and 1272, but it is uncertain if this is the trouvère, as some of the songs attributed to him suggest an earlier date. Most likely <mask> was one of the seigneurs of the city of Epinal. However, Robert Lug's more recent (2007) study of the Saint-Germain-des-Prés chansonnier (Trouvère MS U) shows that <mask> is not the person in the mentions cited by Grove, but was in fact a cleric, a nephew of the bishop of Metz. As <mask>'s songs are contained in the oldest part of Trouvère MS U, they must have been composed before 1231–32. His work was popular and widely distributed, with some of his compositions appearing in over a dozen separate source documents. Grove lists fourteen songs with reliable attribution to <mask>, eleven of them with extant melodies.The list below relies instead on Spanke's revision of Raynaud's catalogue, and gives greater detail than Grove. The total listing below gives 21 songs, 13 with surviving melodies, plus a further four songs, all with surviving melodies, of which three are probably by

masks:
Gautier d
Gautier d
Gautier
Gautier
Gautier
Gautier


title: Gautier d'Espinal

texts:
 attributions to Simon d'Authie in Trouvère MSS M, T, and a seem stronger. Probably not by Gautier. Commencement de douce saison bele (RS590=RS1328), found at the head of the Gautier section in Trouvère MS M (although initial, attribution, and first line are now cut away), but other sources are anonymous (P, V, O, L, H, U), or attribute it to the Chastelain de Couci (K, N, X); melodies survive in most sources. Possibly by Gautier. Puis qu'il m'estuet de ma doulour chanter (RS805), attributed to Gautier in Trouvère MSS N and X; attributions to Richard de Fournival in M, T, a, A, and R seem stronger; the song is anonymous in Trouvère MS O and when its first stanza is interpolated in Girart d'Amiens's Meliacin. Probably not by Gautier.Discography

Ensemble Syntagma has produced two discs dedicated to <mask>'s songs:
2008 : Gautier d'Épinal. Remembrance, Ensemble Syntagma, Challenge Classics CC72190
2004 : Touz esforciez / Trouvères en Lorraine, Ensemble Syntagma, Pierre Vérany, PV704041

Various individual songs can be found on the following discs:

 Diabolus in Musica (Alpha 085)
 Millenarium (Ricercar RIC 215)
 Lucidarium (Empreinte Digitale, 1998)

References

French composers
French classical composers
French male classical composers
Trouvères
1272 deaths
Year


title: Walter Isaacson

texts:
<mask> (born May 20, 1952) is an American author, journalist, and professor. He has been the President and CEO of the Aspen Institute, a nonpartisan policy studies organization based in Washington, D.C., the chair and CEO of CNN, and the editor of Time. Born in New Orleans, Louisiana, he attended Harvard University and the University of Oxford as a Rhodes scholar at Pembroke College. He is the author of The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race (2021), Leonardo da Vinci (2017), The Innovators: How a Group of Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution (2014), Steve Jobs (2011), American Sketches (2009), Einstein: His Life and Universe (2007), Benjamin Franklin: An American Life (2003), and Kissinger: A Biography (1992). He is the co-author with Evan Thomas of The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made (1986). <mask> is a professor at Tulane University and an advisory partner at Perella Weinberg Partners, a New York City-based financial services firm. He was vice chair of the Louisiana Recovery Authority, which oversaw the rebuilding after Hurricane Katrina, chaired the government board that runs Voice of America, and was a member of the Defense Innovation Board.Early life and education
<mask> was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Betty "Betsy" Lee (née Seff) and <mask>. His father was a "kindly Jewish distracted humanist engineer with a reverence for science" and his mother Betsy was a realtor. He attended New Orleans' Isidore Newman School, where he was student body president, Deep Springs College for the Telluride Association Summer Program (TASP), and  Harvard University, where he majored in History and Literature and graduated in 1974. At Harvard, <mask> was the president of the Signet Society, member of the Harvard Lampoon, and resident of Lowell House. He later attended the University of Oxford as a Rhodes scholar at Pembroke College, where he studied Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (PPE) and graduated with

masks:
Walter Seff Isaacson
Isaacson
Isaacson
Irwin Isaacson
Isaacson


title: Walter Isaacson

texts:
 First-Class Honours. Career

Media
<mask> began his career in journalism at The Sunday Times in London, followed by a position with the New Orleans Times-Picayune. He joined Time magazine in 1978, serving as the magazine's political correspondent, national editor, and editor of new media before becoming the magazine's 14th editor in 1996.<mask> became chairman and CEO of CNN in July 2001, replacing Tom Johnson, and only two months later guided CNN through the events of 9/11. Shortly after his appointment at CNN, <mask> attracted attention for seeking the views of Republican Party leaders on Capitol Hill regarding criticisms that CNN broadcast content that was unfair to Republicans or conservatives. He was quoted in Roll Call magazine as saying: "I was trying to reach out to a lot of Republicans who feel that CNN has not been as open to covering Republicans, and I wanted to hear their concerns." The CEO's conduct was criticized by the Fairness & Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) organization, which said that <mask>'s "pandering" behavior was endowing conservative politicians with power over CNN. In January 2003, he announced that he would step down as president at CNN to become president of the Aspen Institute. Jim Walton replaced <mask> as president of CNN. <mask> served as the president and CEO of the Aspen Institute from 2003 until 2018, when he announced that he would step down to become a professor of history at Tulane University and an advisory partner at the New York City financial services firm Perella Weinberg Partners.In November 2017, the Aspen Institute named Dan Porterfield, the president of Franklin & Marshall College, as <mask>'s successor. In March 2017, <mask> launched a podcast with Dell Technologies called Trailblazers, which focuses on technology's effects on business. In 2018, <mask> was named as a cohost of Amanpour & Company, a new show on PBS and CNN that replaced The Charlie Rose Show. Writing
<mask> is the author of multiple published books including American Sketches (2009),

masks: Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson


title: Walter Isaacson

texts: Einstein: His Life and Universe (2007), Benjamin Franklin: An American Life (2003) and Kissinger: A Biography (1992). He additionally co-authored with Evan Thomas the work The Wise Men: Six Friends and the World They Made (1986). On October 24, 2011, Steve Jobs, <mask>'s authorized biography of Apple Inc.'s Jobs, was published by Simon & Schuster, only several weeks after Jobs' death. It became an international best-seller, breaking all records for sales of a biography.The book was based on over forty interviews with Jobs over a two-year period up until shortly before his death, and on conversations with friends, family members, and business rivals of the entrepreneur. In October 2014, <mask> published The Innovators: How a Group of Inventors, Hackers, Geniuses, and Geeks Created the Digital Revolution, which explores the history of the key technological innovations that are prominent in the digital revolution, most notably the parallel developments of the computer and the Internet. It became a New York Times bestseller. Writing for the New York Times, Janet Maslin described the author as "a kindred spirit to the visionaries and enthusiasts" who Isaacson wrote about. He is the editor of Profiles in Leadership: Historians on the Elusive Quality of Greatness (2010, W. W. Norton). His biography of Leonardo da Vinci was published on October 17, 2017, to positive reviews from critics. In August 2017, Paramount Pictures won a bidding war against Universal Pictures for the rights to adapt <mask>'s biography of da Vinci.The studio bought the rights under its deal with Leonardo DiCaprio's Appian Way Productions, which said that it planned to produce the film with DiCaprio as the star. Screenwriter John Logan (The Aviator, Gladiator) has been tapped to pen the script. His book The Code Breaker: Jennifer Doudna, Gene Editing, and the Future of the Human Race was published in March 2021 by Simon & Schuster. It is a biography of Jennifer Doudna, the winner of the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work on

masks: Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson


title: Walter Isaacson

texts:
 the CRISPR system of gene editing. The book debuted at number one on The New York Times nonfiction best-seller list for the week ending March 13, 2021. Publishers Weekly called it a "gripping account of a great scientific advancement and of the dedicated scientists who realized it." In August 2021, businessman Elon Musk announced that <mask> was in the process of writing his biography.Government

In October 2005, the Governor of Louisiana, Kathleen Blanco, appointed Isaacson vice chairman of the Louisiana Recovery Authority, a board that oversaw spending on the recovery from Hurricane Katrina. In December 2007, he was appointed by President George W. Bush to the chairman of the U.S.-Palestinian Partnership, which seeks to create economic and educational opportunities in the Palestinian territories. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton appointed him vice-chair of the Partners for a New Beginning, which encourages private-sector investments and partnerships in the Muslim world. He also served as the co-chair of the U.S.-Vietnamese Dialogue on Agent Orange, which in January 2008 announced completion of a project to contain the dioxin left behind by the U.S. at the Da Nang air base and plans to build health centers and a dioxin laboratory in the affected regions. In 2008, he was appointed to be a member of the Advisory Committee of the National Institutes of Health. In 2009, he was appointed by President Obama to be Chairman of the Broadcasting Board of Governors, which runs Voice of America, Radio Free Europe, and the other international broadcasts of the U.S. government; he served until January 2012. In 2014, he was appointed by New Orleans Mayor Mitch Landrieu to be the co-chair of the New Orleans Tricentennial Commission, which planned the city's 300th-anniversary commemoration in 2018.In 2015, he was appointed to the board of My Brother's Keeper Alliance, which seeks to carry out President Obama's anti-poverty and youth opportunity initiatives. In 2016, he was appointed by Mayor Mitch Landrieu and


title: Walter Isaacson

texts:
 confirmed by the City Council to be a member of the New Orleans City Planning Commission. He is a member of the U.S. Department of Defense Innovation Advisory Board. In 2018, he was appointed by New Orleans mayor-elect LaToya Cantrell to be co-chair of her transition team. Positions
<mask> is an advisory partner at Perella Weinberg, a financial services firm. He is the chairman emeritus of the board of Teach for America and is on the boards of United Airlines, Halliburton Labs, The New Orleans Advocate/Times-Picayune, New Schools New Orleans, Bloomberg Philanthropies, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Carnegie Institution for Science and the Society of American Historians, of which he served as president in 2012. In March 2019, <mask> became the editor-at-large and senior adviser for Arcadia Publishing, where he will be promoting books for the company as well as editing, new strategy development, and partnerships.<mask> is an Associate of the History of Science Department and a member of the Lowell House Senior Common Room at Harvard University. He is also an Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford. <mask> teaches a course at Tulane called History Of the Digital Revolution, an open seminar filled with discussion about technology, culture, and the progression of society. Honors
<mask>'s book Steve Jobs about the life of the entrepreneur, earned <mask> the 2012 Gerald Loeb Award. In 2012, he was selected as one of the Time 100, the magazine's list of the most influential people in the world. <mask> is a fellow of the Royal Society of Arts and was awarded its 2013 Benjamin Franklin Medal. He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and an Honorary Fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford.In 2014, the National Endowment for the Humanities selected <mask> for the Jefferson Lecture, the U.S. federal government's highest honor for achievement in the humanities. The title of <mask>'s lecture was "The Intersection of the Humanities and the Sciences." He

masks: Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson Isaacson


title: Kazimierz Dembowski

texts:
<mask> (3 August 1912 in Strzyżów – 10 August 1942 at Dachau) was a Polish Roman Catholic clergyman and member of the Society of Jesus involved in the religious publishing industry, who shortly after the German invasion of Poland was arrested by the Gestapo, imprisoned at several places of detention, and lastly deported to the Dachau concentration camp where he was murdered in a gas chamber. He is among 122 Polish martyrs whose beatification process was advanced in 2003. Life and death
<mask> was born in Strzyżów, a town some 154 kilometres (96 miles) east of Cracow, in the Rzeszów Land, in the family of <mask> and his wife Marja, née Denkert. Through a special indult from the General of the Jesuits, he entered the Society at Stara Wieś on 23 November 1926 at the age of 14. At Stara Wieś he passed a two-year novitiate under the novice master Augustyn Dyla (18851958), a Jesuit professor of philosophy. He was subsequently educated at a Jesuit gimnazjum at Pińsk in Poland (now Pinsk in Belarus; see picture above) where he graduated in May 1932, subsequently pursuing higher studies at the Jesuit institute in Cracow (19321935) and at Lyon, France (19351939). After his return to Poland in 1939 Dembowski worked as a translator for the religious publisher Wydawnictwo Apostolstwa Modlitwy of Cracow, the oldest Catholic publishing house in Poland (now called the Wydawnictwo WAM).He translated into Polish the text of Jean-Vincent Bainvel (18581937), a professor in the Institut catholique de Paris, entitled La Dévotion au Sacré-Coeur de Jésus : doctrine, histoire, which appeared in his translation in 1934 as Kult Serca Bożego: teorja i rozwój. He was also a co-editor of the

masks:
Kazimierz Dembowski
Dembowski
Zgmunt Dembowski


title: Kazimierz Dembowski

texts: monthly magazine  ("The Messenger of the Heart of Jesus"), a serial publication which appeared in 40 languages. On 6 November 1939, just sixty-six days after the German invasion of Poland, the Gestapo carried out the so-called Sonderaktion Krakau, an operation in which virtually all of the professors of the Jagiellonian University of Cracow were arrested and imprisoned in the ulica Montelupich as part of the larger plan of Third Reich to eliminate all Polish intelligentsia. Four days later, on 10 November 1939, Dembowski was arrested by the Gestapo together with 24 other Jesuits of the Jesuit College of Cracow (the Cracoviense Collegium Maximum SS. Cordis Iesu, see picture to the right)  eight of them employees of the publishing house Wydawnictwo Apostolstwa Modlitwy  and likewise imprisoned in the ulica Montelupich. Although the Jesuits were never informed of the reasons for their arrest, it was clear that they opposed the vision of the Germans and for that reason were treated as the enemies of the Reich. During his incarceration at the Montelupich Prison, <mask> was appointed by the rector of his Jesuit College (Wiktor Macko) to perform the functions of the chaplain to his fellow-arrestee Jesuit confrères.After 43 days of detention at Montelupich, <mask> was transferred on 23 December 1939, together with the lay Jesuit brother, Ludwik Rzeźnikowski, to another notorious Gestapo prison at Wiśnicz, which was in reality (if not in name) a German extermination camp in which prisoners were worked to death. Despite the exhausting conditions of imprisonment exacerbated further by his tall stature and delicate health, Dembowski managed secretly to continue his ministry

masks: Dembowski Dembowski


title: Kazimierz Dembowski

texts: to his confrères and other prisoners. On 20 June 1940, after six months (180 days) at Wiśnicz, Dembowski was deported, together with the other Jesuit prisoners, to the Auschwitz concentration camp, then in the process of being formed, where on arrival he was assigned the inmate number 770. (The number 771 was given to Franciszek Przewłoka (19121945), member of the religious institute of Albertine Brothers.) He was thus one of the first Auschwitz prisoners who were forced into the construction of the camp. Dembowski's stay at Auschwitz and his heroic demeanour as a witness to the Christian faith is mentioned by a fellow prisoner, Adam Kozłowiecki, the future cardinal, in his Auschwitz memoirs. In Auschwitz Dembowski was impressed into a penal company, the so-called Strafkompanie, consisting of several prisoners whose gruelling tasks included pushing an enormous road roller with which they had to level the Appellplatz (roll-call ground) under the watchful eye of the infamous Auschwitz henchman Ernst Krankemann.On 10 December 1940 <mask> together with the other surviving Jesuits was transferred to the Dachau concentration camp where he received inmate number 22238. He spent at Dachau 20 months before being murdered in a gas chamber on 10 August 1942, one week after his 30th birthday, after having complained of diarrhoea at the camp's revier or infirmary. <mask> <mask> is currently one of the 122 Polish martyrs of the Second World War who are included in the beatification process initiated in 1994, whose first beatification session was held in Warsaw in 2003 (see Słudzy Boży). A person nominated for beatification receives within the Roman Catholic Church the title

masks: Dembowski Kazimierz Dembowski