title: Susan B. Neuman

texts:
 the Year, Delaware Valley Child Care Association & Philadelphia Child Care Matters
2001 Appointed Assistant Secretary for Elementary and Secondary Education by President George W. <mask>
1995 Barbara Bush Foundation for Family Literacy Award
1994 Award for Editorship of the Journal of Reading Behavior, National Reading Conference
1994 Award for Outstanding Research in Human Development Research, American Educational Research Association (co-recipient with Kathleen Roskos)
1991 Award from the Elva Knight Foundation, International Reading Association
1989 Outstanding Research Award, Eastern Connecticut State University

Further reading

Bus, A. G, & Neuman, S. B. (2008). Multimedia and literacy development: Improving Achievement for young learners.NY: Routledge. http://www.umich.edu/~rdytolrn/pdf/FromRhetoricToReality.pdf
Neuman, S. B. (2007). Changing the odds.Educational Leadership, 16-27.
http://www-personal.umich.edu/~sbneuman/pdf/changingtheodds.pdf
Neuman, S.B. & Celano, D. (2006). The knowledge gap: Effects of leveling the playing field for low- and middle-income children. Reading Research Quarterly, 176-201.

http://www.umich.edu/~rdytolrn/pdf/stateofstate.pdf
Neuman, S. B., Roskos, K., Wright, T. S., & Lenhart, L. (2007). Nurturing knowledge: Building a foundation for school success by linking early literacy to math, science, art, and social studies. New York: Scholastic Inc.
<mask>, S. B. & Wright, T. S. (2007).A parent’s guide to reading with your young child. New York: Scholastic Inc.

References

External links

Media, interview and blog links
Changing the Odds for Children at Risk New America Foundation, December 2008
Seven Effective Principles that Change the Odds for Children at Risk New America Foundation, May 2008
Presentation for Logging Into the Playground: How Digital Media are Shaping Children's Learning Joan Ganz Cooney Center Inaugural Symposium, Sesame Street Workshop, May 2008

A Parent's Guide to Reading with Your Child

masks: Bush Neuman


title: William Price (physician)

type: original

texts: <mask> (4 March 1800 – 23 January 1893) was a Welsh medical doctor and socio-political activist known for his support of Welsh nationalism, Chartism, and his involvement with the Neo-Druidic religious movement. He has been recognized as one of the most significant figures of 19th-century Wales, and one of the most unusual in Victorian Britain. Born to a lower-class household in Glamorganshire, Wales, <mask> trained as a doctor in London before returning to Wales, becoming interested in the Chartists' ideas regarding equal democratic rights for all men. Following their failed 1839 uprising, he escaped government prosecution by fleeing to France, where he became convinced that an ancient prophecy predicted that he would remove Wales from English rule. Returning to Wales, <mask> tried reviving what he believed to be the religion of the ancient druids, the Celtic Iron Age ritual specialists of Western Europe. In doing so, he became one of the most prominent proponents of the Neo-Druidic movement, something that had been developing since Iolo Morganwg's activities in the late 18th century. After cremating his dead son in 1884, <mask> was arrested and put on trial by those who believed cremation was illegal in the United Kingdom; however, he successfully argued that there was no legislation that specifically outlawed it, which paved the way for the Cremation Act 1902.Upon his death, he was cremated in a ceremony watched by 20,000 onlookers. Known for adhering to such principles as equal democratic rights for all men, anti-vaccinationism, anti-vivisectionism, vegetarianism, cremation, and the abolition of marriage, some of which were highly controversial at

masks:
William Price
Price
Price
Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts:
 the time, he has been widely known as an "eccentric" and a "radical". A permanent exhibition and statue dedicated to him being was opened by these people in the town of Llantrisant, where he had lived for much of his later life. Biography

Early life: 1800–1821

<mask> was born in a cottage at the farm Ty'n-y-coedcae ("the smallholding of the hedged field, tyddyn + y + coetgae") near Rudry near Caerphilly in Glamorganshire on 4 March 1800. His father, also named <mask> (b. 1761), was an ordained priest of the Church of England who had studied at Jesus College, Oxford. His mother, Mary Edmunds (1767–1844), was an uneducated Welshwoman who had been a maidservant prior to her marriage.Their marital union was controversial because Mary was of a lower social standing than <mask>, something which was socially taboo in late 18th-century British society. The couple had three other surviving children, Elisabeth (1793–1872), Mary (1797–1869) and Ann (1804–1878). The elder <mask> suffered from an undiagnosed mental illness, acting erratically and experiencing fits of violent rage. He bathed either fully clothed or naked in local ponds, and collected snakes in his pockets for days at a time. Carrying a saw around, he removed bark from trees, then burned it while muttering certain words, also spitting onto stones, believing that it improved their value. His actions led to him becoming a threat to the local community, in one instance firing a gun at a woman whom he claimed was taking sticks from his hedgerow, and in another hurling a sharp implement at another man. At home, Welsh was <mask>'s primary language, but he learned to speak English at school, which was

masks:
William Price
William Price
William
Price
William


title: William Price (physician)

texts:
 located two miles from his home, in Machen.Although only staying at school for three years, between the ages of 10 and 13, he passed most exams and proved himself a successful student. After spending six months living at home, he decided to become a doctor despite his father's insistence that he become a solicitor. Moving to Caerphilly, in 1814 he became apprenticed to successful surgeon Evan Edwards, and paid for his tuition with money supplied by various family members. One of these benefactors, his uncle the Reverend <mask> of Merriott, Somerset, advised him to give up this education, arguing that it was putting too great a financial strain upon <mask>'s family, but <mask> was insistent that he should continue. In 1820, <mask>'s apprenticeship with Edwards came to an end, and despite his lack of funds, he moved to London in order to continue his studies. Taking up lodgings near to St Paul's Cathedral, he entered The London Hospital in Whitechapel for a year of instruction under Sir <mask>. He also registered at St Bartholomew's Hospital, where he was under the instruction of surgeon John Abernethy.Gaining employment caring for wealthy clients to help financially support his studies, <mask> eventually became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, being awarded with a certificate signed by Blizard, Abernathy and others. Contemplating travelling to India following the culmination of his studies in London, he instead decided to return to Wales, where he worked as a general practitioner. Welsh nationalism and Chartism: 1821–1839
Becoming a trained doctor, <mask> returned to Wales, setting up in his medical practice at Craig yr Helfa in

masks:
Thomas Price
Price
William
Price
William Blizard
Price
Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts: Glyntaff, remaining there for seven years. He rented Porth y Glo Farm in Upper Boat, filling the farm with goats and cattle, but was forcibly evicted. He subsequently moved to the newly industrialised Taff Valley near to Pontypridd. It was here in 1823 that the workforce elected him to the position of chief surgeon at the Brown Lenox Chainworks in Pontypridd; he stayed in this job till 1871. In June 1823 he was also appointed medical advisor to the wealthy Crawshay family who owned the ironworks at Merthyr and Treforest.Spending time in Treforest, "a revolutionary town", he came under the increasing influence of left-wing political ideas. Being a proud Welsh nationalist, <mask> found likeminded friends in another wealthy family, the Guests, and gave a speech on Welsh history and literature at their Royal Eisteddfod in 1834, which Lady Charlotte Guest felt to be "one of the most beautiful and eloquent speeches that was ever heard". On the basis of it, he was invited to take up the job of judging the eisteddfod's bardic competition, with the prize being awarded to Taliesin <mask>, son of famous druid and Welsh nationalist Iolo Morganwg. <mask> became increasingly interested in Welsh cultural activities, which included those that had been influenced by the Neo-Druidic movement. He joined the Society of the Rocking Stone, a Neo-Druidic group that met at the Y Maen Chwyf stone circle in Pontypridd, and by 1837 had become one of its leading members. To encourage the revival of Welsh culture, he gave lessons every Sunday in the Welsh language, which he feared was dying out with the spread of English. In 1838 he also called for the Society to raise funds to

masks: Price Williams Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts:
 build a Druidical Museum in the town, the receipts from which would be used to run a free school for the poor.He was supported in this venture by Francis Crawshay, a member of the Crawshay family, but did not gain enough sponsors to allow the project to go ahead. In anger, he issued a statement in a local newspaper, telling the people that they were ignoring "your immortal progenitors, to whom you owe your very existence as a civilised people." Meanwhile, <mask>'s social conscience had led him to become a significant figure in the local Chartist movement, which was then spreading about the country, supporting the idea that all men should have the right to vote, irrespective of their wealth or social standing. Many of the Chartists in the industrial areas of southern Wales took up arms in order to ready themselves for revolution against the government, and <mask> aided them in gaining such weaponry. According to government reports, by 1839 he had acquired seven pieces of field artillery. That same year, the Newport Rising took place, when many of the Chartists and their working class supporters rose up against the authorities, only to be quashed by soldiers, who killed a number of the revolutionaries. <mask> had recognised that this would happen, and he and his supporters had not joined in with the rebellion on that day.Nonetheless, he also realised that the government would begin a crackdown of those involved in the Chartist movement in retaliation for the uprising, and so he fled to France, disguised as a woman. Life as an archdruid: 1840–1882
It was while in temporary exile as a political dissident in Paris that <mask> visited the Louvre museum,

masks: Price Price Price Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts: where he experienced what has been described as "a turning-point in his religious life." He became highly interested in a stone with a Greek inscription that he erroneously felt depicted an ancient Celtic bard addressing the moon. He subsequently interpreted the inscription as a prophecy given by an ancient Welsh prince named Alun, declaring that a man would come in the future to reveal the true secrets of the Welsh language and to liberate the Welsh people; however, historian Ronald Hutton later remarked, "nobody else had heard of this person, or made (anything like) the same interpretation of the inscription". Nonetheless, <mask> felt that this prophecy applied to him and that he must return to Wales to free his people from the English-dominated authorities. Soon returning to Wales, <mask> set himself up as a Druid, founding a religious Druidic group that attracted a number of followers. Little is known of the specific doctrines which he preached, but his followers walked around carrying staffs engraved with figures and letters.Declaring that marriage was wrong as it enslaved women, he began having a relationship with a woman named Ann Morgan, whom he moved in with, and in 1842 she bore him a daughter. He baptised this child himself at the Rocking Stone in Pontypridd, naming her Gwenhiolan Iarlles Morganwg (meaning 'Gwenhiolan, Countess of Glamorgan'). He began developing an appearance that was unconventional at the time, for instance wearing a fox fur hat and emerald green clothing, as well as growing his beard long and not cutting his hair. He also began attempting to hold Druidic events, organising an eisteddfod at Pontypridd in 1844, but nobody

masks: Price Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts: turned up, and so, solitarily, he initiated his daughter as a bard at the event. In 1855 he then led a parade of the Ivorites, a friendly society that held to a philosophy of Welsh nationalism, through the streets of Merthyr Tydfil, accompanied by a half-naked man calling himself Myrddin (the Welsh name for Merlin) and a goat. Returning to his long-held idea of building a museum and school at Pontypridd, a local landowner, Sir Benjamin Hall, who wanted to encourage the revival of Welsh culture, allowed him to use his own land, although <mask> and the Halls subsequently fell out and the project was scrapped. Left with debts from the aborted project, <mask> once more escaped to France in 1861.Around this time, he began writing to the national press, making exaggerated statements about himself and Welsh history, for instance claiming that he was Lord of the Southern Welsh and that "All the Greek Books are the Works of the Primitive Bards, in our own Language!!!!!! !… Homer was born in the hamlet of Y Van near Caerphili. He built Caerphili Castle… the oldest Books of the Chinese confess the fact!!" In 1866, <mask> returned to Wales, finding that his daughter had grown up to live her own life following her mother, Ann Morgan's, death. He settled in the town of Llantrisant, where he opened a new medical practice, which proved to be a success. He eventually took a young farmer's daughter, Gwenllian Llewelyn, (1859–1948) who at the time was only twenty-one years old, to be his new partner, despite the fact that he was an old man by this time. Despite his earlier pronouncements against marriage, he organised a Druidic wedding ceremony through which he married

masks: Price Price Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts:
 Gwenllian on 4 March 1881, on <mask>'s 81st birthday.Taking place at the Rocking Stone in Pontypridd, it involved <mask> addressing the sun at noon, and women dressed as the Three Graces were involved. The ceremony attracted a large audience, who, according to reports, found the whole proceeding amusing. Meanwhile, in 1871, he had published a book, written in his own invented form of Welsh that he believed was the true language of the ancient Welsh. In the work, which had a title that translated as The Will of My Father, <mask> conceptualised the universe being created out of a snake's egg by a supreme Father God. However, this work was largely ignored at the time and soon fell into obscurity. Later life and advocacy of cremation: 1883–1893
Gwenllian and <mask>'s first child was born on 8 August 1883, a son whom <mask> named Iesu Grist (the Welsh for Jesus Christ), in an act of provocation against the traditional religion of the time, and also because he expected great things from his child. However, the infant died only five months later, on 10 January 1884.Believing that it was wrong to bury a corpse, thereby polluting the earth, <mask> decided to cremate his son's body, an act which at the time was taboo, although across the country there were already several proponents of it as a form of corpse disposal. He performed the funeral in the early evening of Sunday 13 January 1884, upon the summit of a hill to one side of Llantrisant. A number of local people noticed the fire, and upon discovering that <mask> was attempting to burn his infant son, surged on him. He was rescued from an angry mob by the police, who arrested him for what they believed was

masks: Price Price Price Price Price Price Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts: the illegal disposal of a corpse, and the body of his son, which had not yet been engulfed by the flames, was removed from the pyre. A post-mortem was performed on Iesu's body by a local doctor, who concluded that the child had died of natural causes and had not been murdered. <mask> was therefore not charged with infanticide, but was instead tried in a Cardiff courtroom for performing cremation rather than burial, which the police believed to be illegal. <mask> argued that while the law did not state that cremation was legal, it also did not state that it was illegal either.The judge, Mr. Justice Stephen, agreed. <mask> was freed, and returned to Llantrisant to find a crowd of supporters cheering for his victory. On 14 March, he was finally able to give his son a cremation involving his own personal Druidic prayers. The case set a precedent which, together with the activities of the recently founded Cremation Society of Great Britain, led to the Cremation Act 1902. In 1885 the first official cremation of the remains of Jeanette Pickersgill (1814–1885) took place at Woking Crematorium, and ten cremations are recorded as being performed in the following year. A crematorium opened in Manchester in 1892, followed by one in Glasgow in 1895, Liverpool in 1896 and Birmingham Crematorium in 1903. The media interest in the court case had made <mask> famous, and he soon began to capitalise on this fame, selling three hundred medals, each depicting the cosmic egg and the snake that laid it, commemorating his victory, which sold at threepence each.He began to be invited to give lectures and attend public functions, but these did not prove to be particular


title: William Price (physician)

texts:
 successes, with much of his audiences not understanding either his philosophies, or his attire, which was made out of red cloth and embroidered with green letters. In late 1884, <mask>'s wife gave birth to their second child, whom <mask> also named Iesu Grist, and on 27 May 1886 she then bore him a daughter, whom they named Penelopen. He believed that his son had an important future ahead of him, being the prophesied second coming of Jesus Christ, his namesake, and predicted that he would come to reign over the earth. Meanwhile, in 1892 he erected a pole which was over 60 feet high, with a crescent moon symbol at its peak, on top of the hill where his first son had been cremated, and noted that he wanted his funeral to take place there as well. <mask> died at his home in Llantrisant on the night of 23 January 1893. His final words, when he knew that he was near death, were "Bring me a glass of champagne". He drank the champagne and died shortly afterward.On 31 January 1893, <mask> was cremated on a pyre of two tons of coal, in accordance with his will, on the same hillside overlooking Llantrisant. It was watched by 20,000 people, and overseen by his family, who were dressed in a mix of traditional Welsh and his own Druidic clothing. His wife remarried, this time to a road inspector employed by the local council, and she gave up her Druidic beliefs to join a conventional Christian denomination, having her two children baptised into it, and Iesu Grist was renamed Nicholas, never fulfilling the ambitious predictions that his father had made about him. Personal beliefs

<mask> held several strongly held beliefs that ran counter to the Victorian social

masks: Price Price Price Price Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts:
 norms of the time, and chose to promote them in a "most exhibitory fashion". Biographer Dean Powell considered him "a maverick and a rebel", but was unsure as to whether <mask>'s eccentricity was a result of mental illness or not. A nudist, <mask> refused to wear socks, considering them to be unhygienic, and washed coins, fearing that they were a source of cross-contamination. He opposed vaccination, in part due to his brother's childhood death following an inoculation, and refused to treat patients who were tobacco smokers.He was an advocate of vegetarianism, believing that eating meat "brought out the beast in man", and denounced vivisection. <mask> opposed marriage, which he saw as the enslavement of women, instead advocating free love. <mask> also argued many fellow practitioners were nothing but 'poison peddlers', making their money selling drugs and profiting off the sick rather than tackling the cause of the illness. <mask> was also responsible for the building of the famous "Round houses" in Pontypridd. He convinced a local builder that he owned the land and these round houses were to be the gateway to his mansion. He neither owned the land nor a mansion. <mask> believed that religion was often used to enslave people, and despised "sanctimonious preachers".His religious beliefs have provided an influence on the modern druidic movement. Michell referred to him as "a natural shaman". Legacy
Soon after <mask>'s death, ballads commemorating him were composed and circulated throughout the local area for a number of years afterward. In 1896, an exhibition that commemorated his life was held in Cardiff, while a pamphlet biography of him was


title: William Price (physician)

texts: published to accompany it. A more significant biography of <mask>, written by Islwyn Nicholas, was published in 1940, entitled A Welsh Heretic. In 1947, the Cremation Society put up a plaque commemorating him in the town of Llantrisant, while a statue of him was unveiled in the town in 1982, depicting the doctor in his characteristic fox-skin headdress, arms outstretched. This was followed in 1992 when a memorial garden was named after him, and an exhibition about him opened in the town's visitor centre.In a 1966 book examining the history of Llantrisant, author Dillwyn Lewis described <mask> as being "one of the most controversial figures of modern times." The historian Ronald Hutton later described him as "both one of the most colourful characters in Welsh history, and one of the most remarkable in Victorian Britain" while his biographer Dean Powell considered him "the most notable individual in 19th century Wales". A commemorative green plaque was unveiled at Rudry Parish Hall in 2017, to mark the nearby birthplace. Brian Davies, the former curator of Pontypridd Museum, said of <mask>: "He was a remarkable man, he supported free education for the poor, he funded the first local Co-operative store, he operated an NHS-style business model in his doctors surgery for 50 years, supported the movement for social reform and was a pioneer in medicine, to name but a few of his many contributions to society. It is vital that historical figures are remembered and commemorated and I am thrilled that Dr <mask>'s Green Plaque will feature near his birthplace in Waterloo." In 2020, American actor Robert Downey Jr. cited Dr <mask> as his inspiration for his

masks:
Price
Price
Price
Price
William Price


title: William Price (physician)

texts:
 portrayal of Dr Dolittle in the new Hollywood adaption Dolittle. Downey Jr. received harsh criticism for his Welsh accent: "...But when a Hollywood actor tries to do so in a Welsh accent inspired by a nudist Victorian druid, perhaps it's best that he doesn't speak at all." References

Citations

Sources

External links
<mask> at 100 Welsh Heroes
Ballad of the cremation of Dr <mask>, 1893
Dr. <mask> of Llantrisant by Ap Idanfryn
<mask>, <mask> (1800–1893) at oxforddnb.com

1800 births
1893 deaths
19th-century Welsh medical doctors
Anti-vivisectionists
British anti-vaccination activists
British Modern Pagans
Chartists
Cremation in the United Kingdom
Neo-druids
People from Caerphilly
People from Llantrisant
People from Machen
People from Pontypridd
Vegetarianism activists
Welsh activists
Welsh expatriates in France
Welsh nationalists
Welsh

masks:
William Price
William Price
Price
Price
William


title: Rhys Murphy

texts:
<mask> (born 6 November 1990) is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for  club Southend United. He has played in the English Football League for Brentford, Preston North End, Dagenham & Redbridge, Oldham Athletic, Crawley Town, AFC Wimbledon, Forest Green Rovers and Gillingham. <mask> represented his native England at under-16, under-17 and under-19 international levels, but switched allegiance to the Republic of Ireland in 2011 and played for their under-21 team. Club career

Youth and Arsenal

<mask> was born in Shoreham-by-Sea, West Sussex. He broke into the Arsenal reserve team as a schoolboy, while also scoring 17 goals in 21 matches for the Arsenal Academy. He was previously an academy player for Wimbledon before joining Arsenal Academy. He signed his first professional contract in July 2008.He won the 2008–09 Premier Academy League with the Arsenal under-18 team, scoring the only goal in the play-off final versus Tottenham Hotspur, and the 2008–09 FA Youth Cup. Brentford (loan)

He joined League One club Brentford on loan for three months on 24 November 2009. In August 2011, <mask> had a trial with Scottish Premier League champions Rangers and played for their reserve team. In January 2012, he had a trial with Hibernian, another SPL club. Preston North End (loan)

He signed for League One club Preston North End on loan until the end of the 2011–12 season. On 22 May 2012, <mask> was released by Arsenal. Telstar
<mask> joined Eerste Divisie club Telstar on 9 June 2012, signing a one-year contract with an option for a second.He made his debut on 10 August 2012 in a 2–1 home defeat to Helmond Sport. In the 67th minute, he was substituted for Leandro Resida who scored three minutes after. Dagenham &

masks:
Rhys Philip Elliot Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy
Murphy


title: Rhys Murphy

texts:
 Redbridge
He signed for League Two club Dagenham & Redbridge on 22 July 2013 on a two-year contract. He scored on his debut in the 3–1 defeat away to Fleetwood Town on 3 August 2013. He then scored his second goal for Dagenham in a 2–0 home win against York City the following week. Oldham Athletic
On 2 February 2015, <mask> signed for League One club Oldham Athletic on a two-and-a-half-year contract for an undisclosed fee believed to be in the region of £20,000, to accelerate a pre-contract agreement set to activate in the 2015 summer transfer window. Manager Lee Johnson said of the arrival, "I'm really pleased to bring <mask> to the club and he is an exciting prospect for us, I'm looking forward to working with him and he will fit into our style of play seamlessly".Crawley Town (loan)

He joined League Two club Crawley Town on 17 September 2015 on a 93-day loan. Forest Green Rovers
On 7 July 2016, <mask> signed for National League club Forest Green Rovers for a nominal fee. His first goal for Forest Green came on 20 August 2016 in a 2–1 home win over York. He followed his first goal up by scoring twice in a 4–1 away victory over Maidstone United a week later on 27 August 2016. York City (loan)

On 1 December 2016, <mask> joined Forest Green's divisional rivals York City on loan until 7 January 2017. Crawley Town Return (loan)

On 31 January 2017, <mask> returned to League Two club Crawley Town on loan for the remainder of 2016–17. Five days later, <mask> made his Crawley return in a 2–1 home defeat against Stevenage, replacing Enzio Boldewijn with 12 minutes remaining.Torquay United (loan)

On 19 September 2017, <mask> joined National League side Torquay United on a three-month loan deal. He had his contract with

masks: Murphy Rhys Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy


title: Rhys Murphy

texts:
 Forest Green cancelled by mutual consent on 9 January 2018. Gillingham
<mask> signed for League One club Gillingham on 31 January 2018 on a short-term contract. Chelmsford City
<mask> signed for National League South club Chelmsford City on 11 July 2018. On 26 December 2018, <mask> scored his first hat-trick for the club in a 5–1 win against rivals Billericay Town. <mask> was released by Chelmsford at the end of the 2018–19 season, having been the club's top scorer with 28 goals in all competitions. Yeovil Town
<mask> signed for newly relegated National League club Yeovil Town on 26 June 2019 on a two-year contract.Southend United
On 10 June 2021, after weeks of speculation, <mask> agreed a two-year deal to join recently relegated National League side Southend United, officially joining the club on 1 July 2021 upon the expiration of his Yeovil contract. International career

England
<mask> has played for the England under-16 and under-17 teams and was part of under-19 squad that reached the final of 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship. Republic of Ireland
Before playing for England, <mask> represented the Republic of Ireland at under-15 level and after an approach from Irish under-21 Head Coach Noel King, he switched his allegiance back to the country of his grandfather. He was called up to the under-21 squad in August 2011, and made his debut on 1 September 2011 against Hungary at the Showgrounds, scoring the winner in a 2–1 victory. Career statistics

Honours
Arsenal
Premier Academy League: 2008–09
FA Youth Cup: 2008–09

AFC Wimbledon
Football League Two play-offs: 2016

England U19
UEFA European Under-19 Championship runner-up: 2009

Individual
Chelmsford City Player of the Year: 2018–19
Chelmsford City

masks: Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy Murphy


title: Wolfgang von Kempelen

texts:
<mask> (; 23 January 1734 – 26 March 1804) was a Hungarian author and inventor, known for his chess-playing "automaton" hoax The Turk and for his speaking machine. Personal life
<mask> was born in Pressburg, today's Bratislava (Slovakia), part of the Kingdom of Hungary within the Habsburg Empire, the last child of <mask> (1680–1761), and Anna Theresa Spindler. Contrary to some reports, he did not hold the title of "Ritter" or "Baron." This misconception may stem from historical confusion with one of his older brothers, Johannes Nepomuk Joseph, who attained the rank of general within the Habsburg Empire, and who was granted the title Kempelen von Pázmánd after purchasing a former Jesuit estate in Pázmánd, a village south of Budapest. <mask> studied law and philosophy in Pressburg, and attended the Academy in Győr, Vienna and Rome, but mathematics and physics also interested him. Besides German he spoke Hungarian, Latin, French, Italian, and later, some English and Romanian, which he learned during his travels in England and assignments in The Banat. He applied for his first position with the Habsburg Court in 1755 as a supernumary clerk in the Hungarian Court Chamber in Pozsony.Later he became a secretary (1757), a Councillor of the Court Chamber (1764), Director of Salt Mining (1765), Second Commissioner of the Constitutional Commission for the Region of Banat (1769), and finally Imperial-Royal Court Councillor (1787). During this time he also helped transfer the University of Nagyszombat to Buda Castle, and oversaw the building of the Court Theatre in Buda's former Carmelite monastery. He married twice, first in 1757 to Maria Franziska Piani, who died suddenly in 1758 of an abdominal obstruction, and again in 1762 to Maria Anna <mask>, who had served as a lady's companion in the house of Count Johannes Erdödy, the vice-president of the Hungarian Court Chancery. Five children were born from his second marriage, of whom two survived into adulthood:

masks: Johann Wolfgang Ritter von Kempelen de Pámánd


title: Wolfgang von Kempelen

texts:
 Maria Theresia (1768–1812) and Karl (1771–1822). Inventions
Though he had a long and successful career as a civil servant, <mask> was most famous for his construction of The Turk, a chess-playing automaton presented to Maria Theresa of Austria in 1769. The machine consisted of a life-sized model of a human head and torso, dressed in Turkish robes and a turban, seated behind a large cabinet on top of which a chessboard was placed. The machine appeared to be able to play a strong game of chess against a human opponent, but was in fact merely an elaborate simulation of mechanical automation: a human chess master concealed inside the cabinet puppeteered the Turk from below by means of a series of levers.With a skilled operator, the Turk won most of the games played during its demonstrations around Europe and the Americas for nearly 84 years, playing and defeating many challengers including statesmen such as Napoleon Bonaparte and Benjamin Franklin. Kempelen also created a manually operated speaking machine. An early version (possibly an original) can still be seen in the Musical Instruments section of the Deutsches Museum in Munich. In 1789, he published a book containing his nearly twenty years of speech research, Mechanismus Der Menschlichen Sprache Nebst Beschreibung Seiner Sprechenden Maschine. He constructed steam-engines, waterpumps, a pontoon bridge in Pressburg (1770), patented a steam turbine for mills (1788/89) and a typewriter for the blind Viennese pianist Maria Theresia <mask> (1779), and built a theatre house in Buda (inaugurated 25 October 1790) (now Budapest) and the famous fountains at Schönbrunn in Vienna (1780). He was also a talented artist and etcher, wrote poems and epigrams, and composed a singspiel, Andromeda and Perseus, performed in Vienna. Retirement and death

He retired in 1798, after forty-three years of service to the Austrian Empire.Some sources claim he was destitute at the time of his retirement because the Emperor

masks:
von Kempelen
von Paradis


title: Wolfgang von Kempelen

texts:
 revoked his pension, though this conclusion is most likely a misunderstanding of his multiple pensions. In 1771, Maria Theresia honored <mask>n with an annual pension of 1,000 ducats for his exemplary work, but after her death, her son Joseph II made drastic cuts to the benefits granted to the court's civil servants, and <mask>n's supplementary pension was revoked in 1781. Upon his retirement, <mask>n was granted a pension equal to his final salary of 5,000 Gulden, and in 1802, he sought to recover the income from his smaller annual pension by submitting a petition to Francis II, requesting compensation in the amount of 20,000 Gulden accrued in expenses in service to the crown, but was ultimately denied. At the time of his death in 1804, he owned a country estate in Gomba near Bratislava, but died in his apartment in Alser, a suburb of Vienna. The <mask> Kempelen Computing Science History Prize was named in his honor, as was a high school in Budapest. Publications

 Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache. <mask>s von Kempelen k. k. wirklichen Hofraths Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache, nebst der Beschreibung seiner sprechenden Maschine; Wien 1791.(Digitalisat bei Oregon Health & Science University Digital Collections)
 <mask> Kempelen: Der Mechanismus der menschlichen Sprache. / The Mechanism of Human Speech. : Kommentierte Transliteration & Übertragung ins Englische / Commented Transliteration & Translation into English. Herausgegeben von / Edited by Fabian Brackhane, Richard Sproat & Jürgen Trouvain; Dresden 2017 (Online-Version). References

External links

 Angéla Imre: On the personality of <mask> Kempelen, in: Grazer Linguistische Studien 63 (2004), pp. 61–64
 <mask> Kempelen on the Web
 <mask> Kempelen's speaking machine and its successors
 The Chess-playing Turk

1734 births
1804 deaths
Austrian inventors
Hungarian inventors
Hungarian engineers
Speech production researchers
Writers from Bratislava
Chess people
18th-century Hungarian

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von Kempele
von Kempele
von Kempele
Wolfgang von
Wolfgang
Wolfgang von
Wolfgang von
Wolfgang von
Wolfgang von


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
<mask> (born 1963) is a Barbadian-born and based visual artist who works primarily in drawing, painting, object making, installation and video. She is considered a key artist in Barbados and the wider Caribbean. She has a hybrid practice as visual artist, instigator, cultural producer, educator and writer. She works at the intersection of biography and history, focussing on post-plantation economies by engaging with a particular landscape on Barbados. Her work with wild botanicals has become a central part of her practice, considering the regenerative potential of plants in the context of a landscape inscribed with a traumatic history. Early life and education

<mask> was born in 1963 in St. Michael, Barbados. Annalee spent her childhood growing up on a series of sugar cane plantations- her first home was at the state owned plantation, Graeme Hall in Christ Church, the family then moved to Sandford Plantation in St. Philip and finally to Cliff Plantation in St. John where they lived for 24 years.Her father who was a planter and her mother raised the large family of five children, played the piano and helped with the bookkeeping on the plantation. After attending primary and secondary school in Barbados, <mask> earned her BFA from the Maryland Institute, College of Art in Baltimore, Maryland (1982-1986) with a year abroad at the Studio Art Center International (SACI) in Florence, Italy (1984-1985) and went on to the Mason Gross School for the Arts, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick campus (1987-1989) where she

masks:
Annalee Davis
Annalee Davis
Davis


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
 2011, <mask> founded Fresh Milk, an arts platform and micro-residency programme. In 2012 she co-founded Caribbean Linked, an annual residency in Aruba, cohering emerging artists, writers and curators from the Caribbean and Latin America. In 2015, she co-founded Tilting Axis, an independent visual arts platform bridging the Caribbean through annual encounters. From 2016-2018, she was Caribbean Arts Manager with the British Council, developing programming in Cuba, Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago and in 2020 she co-founded Sour Grass, a curatorial agency.
'In 1991, Annalee left her post at The St. Michael Secondary School to take up a short-term consulting job at the Edna Manley School for the Visual Arts to design a 4-year Printmaking degree programme for the tertiary level institution and to teach a Printmaking workshop to Jamaican artists. She then began traveling around the Caribbean meeting fellow artists, becoming part of a larger regional arts community by building relations with her peers in the Anglophone, Hispanophone and Dutch Antilles. In 1992, she was part of a small group of artists agitating for change in the Barbadian arts landscape. Together, they co-founded Representing Artists, an arts collective and union for local artists. She became editor of its quarterly Caribbean arts newsletter RA (Representing Artists) which produced six issues from 1992-1994. Produced by the Barbados Government Printers, the newsletter was spearheaded by this group of Barbados-based artists who saw the need to create a forum for critical writing around


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
 contemporary arts in the region. Annalee began teaching part-time in the Bachelor of Fine Arts, Visual Arts programme at the Barbados Community College from the mid nineties intermittently until 2018.Personal Life

Davis’ studio is currently located on a working dairy farm in Barbados which operated historically as a 17th century sugarcane plantation, offering a critical context for her practice which explores the residue of the plantation. She works at the intersection of biography and history, focussing on post-plantation economies by engaging with a particular landscape on Barbados which has been a source of information and inspiration for her practice since relocating to this site in 2001 after living in Trinidad and Tobago in the late nineties. Art
The following are some examples of <mask>’ art:

Parasite Series (2018-2019)

This suite of drawings of parasites is inspired both by Antonio Benitez-Rojo’s The Repeating Island (1992) and Evelyn O’Callaghan’s introductory text to the fictional 19th century text, With Silent Tread (2002). Benitez-Rojo writes of the “parasitical presence of the island’s sugar-producing history” and “its laborious intestinal history” while O’Callaghan articulates ways in which “white creoles were viewed with suspicion” due to “the fear of miscegenation... addressed indirectly by the use of the trope, disease.” The full series was part of the exhibition And if I devoted my life to one of its feathers? This 2021 joint exhibition of Kunsthalle Wien and Wiener Festwochen, was curated by Peruvian-based independent curator


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
 Miguel A. López with the support of Curatorial Assistant, Laura Amann, combining the works by more than 35 artists from around the world, located everywhere from the Amazon region to Australia, from Guatemala to India. Wild Plant Series

This 2016 series of drawings functions as graphic interventions into 1970s ledger pages, the substrate designed to log economic activity on the plantation. Collecting, pressing and drawing these wild plants, complicates the single economic story written in these plantation ledger pages, acknowledging their medicinal properties and earlier use as an apothecary by those who were enslaved and laboured on the plantation.(Bush) Tea Services (2016)

The work was commissioned by the London-based curatorial team called Cooking Sections for the Empire Remains Shop pop up exhibition project. <mask> completed the work in residence at Delfina Foundation in August 2016 which kicked off the fourth month project as a discursive installation and formed the basis of a colloquy. The work was included in the publication edited by Cooking Sections in a dialogical essay titled, Tilling Rab Lands in a Post Plantation Economy - A Conversation on Caribbean Soil with <mask> <mask>, pp. 143-157, The Empire Remains Shop // Columbia Books On Architecture and The City, Columbia University Press, Alon Schwabe and Daniel Fernandez Pascual. April 2018. London-based Dr. Janice Cheddie reviewed the installation for ARC Magazine's online platform. It was later included in a HuffPost review by NY-based, Jamaican writer, Jacqueline Bishop called <mask>

masks: Davis Annalee Davis Annalee


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
 <mask> Uses Art to Unearth and Interrogate.Later in 2016-2017, the work was included in <mask>’ solo exhibition called This Ground Beneath My Feet - A Chorus Of Bush In Rab Lands which included four commissioned texts, some of which speak to the work. The exhibition was hosted by The Idea Lab, Warfield Center Galleries, University of Texas, Austin which produced a print and online publication. While in Austin, Texas, <mask> was invited to speak about the work by Rebecca McInroy on the podcast called The Secret Ingredient with her along with Tom Philpot and Raj Patel, Austin, Texas, September 2016;

In 2018, The Barbados Museum and Historical Society’s curator, Natalie McGuire invited local contemporary artists to critically engage with its collections through a series of interventions. Six artists' works were interwoven in the museum's galleries, interrogating and re-contextualizing the historical narratives on display. (Bush) Tea Services was exhibited in the Warmington Gallery, May-June 2018. Also in 2018, <mask> was invited by the Association of Caribbean Historians to launch The Empire Remains Shop publication at the 50th Association of Caribbean Historians Annual Meeting in Barbados where she was interviewed by Dr. Shani Ropers, Jamaican historian and to whom she served (Bush) Tea during our conversation. Exhibitions
● 2020 – re:wilding, part of the re: rural exhibition series, Haarlem Artspace, Wirksworth, UK.Curated by Liv Penrose Punnett

● 2019-2020 – Heartseed, TEOR/éTica, Costa Rica. Curated by Miguel A. Lopéz

● 2016-2017 – This

masks: Davis Davis Davis Davis


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
 Many: Towards a Genealogy of Barbadian Art, Queens Park Gallery, Barbados.Curated by Therese Hadchity

● 2008 – Infinite Island: Contemporary Caribbean Art, Brooklyn Museum of Art, New York, USA. Curated by Tumelo Mosaka

Selected Visiting Artist | Invited Lecturer:

● 2020 – Guest panelist, Art, spaces and island ecologies, MTalks, MPavilion, Australia. In conversation with Torika Bolatagici (Community Reading Room, Australia) and Ema Tavola (Vunilagi Vou/Aotearoa New Zealand)

● AIR Encounters, in conversation with airWG (Amsterdam) on creating and sustaining artist in residency programmes

● Guest panelist, Paying for foreign developments: The Caribbean Conversation. WI Global, Series 1: Episode: 19. ● Guest artist speaker, Bush Tea Plots: Post Plantation Regenerative Strategies, WIRRED & Caribbean Permaculture Research Institute, Barbados ● 2019 – Reed Fellowship, Vermont Studio Center, USA. ● Loving Difficult Landscapes – Art and Cultural Activism in a Caribbean context, Public lecture, TEOR/éTica, Costa Rica. ● Faculty Member, Independent Curators International, Curatorial Intensive, New Orleans.● Invited Speaker – Apothecaries of Resistance, Latin American Studies, Emory University,

● 2017 – IN | A podcast on contemporary art presented by New Local Space in Kingston, Jamaica. In conversation about Tilting Axis. ● Local Address, School of Visual Arts MA Curatorial Practice program - After Trauma, a Nurturing Voice. A conversation between <mask> <mask> and Erica James moderated by Mario Caro. ● 2016 – Visiting Artist, The Warfield Center,

masks: Annalee Davis


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
 The University of Texas, Austin, Texas

● The Secret Ingredient – (Bush)Tea Services In conversation with hosts Raj Patel, Tom Philpott and Rebecca McInroy, Austin, Texas

● Resident Artist as part of the Empire Remains Shop project by Cooking Sections, Delfina Foundation, London, UK. ● Designed the Colloquy: Wild Plants as Active Agents in the Process of Decolonisation, Moderated by Cooking Sections, with Niall Finneran (PhD., Archaeology | University of Winchester) and Janice Cheddie (PhD.). ● 2015 – Guest Panelist, Other Histories in Contemporary Art, Paco das Artes, São Paulo, Brazil.● Guest Panelist, “Counterpoints” with Rocio Aranda-Alvarez and Tobias Ostrander, Caribbean: Crossroads of the World Symposium: Transnational Histories, Pérez Art Museum Miami, USA

● 2013 – Guest Panelist, “Sustainable Art Communities: Creativity and Policy in the Transnational Caribbean”, Institute for International Visual Arts (Iniva), London

● Guest Panelist, Hospitality and the Politics of Mobility, 18th Contemporary Art Festival SESC Videobrasil, 30 Years- Southern Panoramas, São Paulo, Brazil

 Writing & Publications
● 2020 - Beach as Plot?, Issue 5: Ecocide, PREE – Caribbean. Writing. ● In This New World – A conversation between Marsha Pearce and <mask> <mask>, Q&A (Quarantine and Art)

● The Healing Effects of Bush Tea – A Conversation with Barbadian Visual Artist, <mask> <mask>, with Janine Mendes-Franco for Global Voices

● 2019 – On Being Committed to a Small Place–a selection of six of my essays. TEOR/éTica Publishing House, Local Writings.

masks: Annalee Davis Annalee Davis


title: Annalee Davis

texts:
 Critical Positions from Central America, the Caribbean and their Diasporas. Edited by Miguel A. López. ● 2018 - Tilling Rab Lands in a Post Plantation Economy - A Conversation on Caribbean Soil with <mask> <mask>, The Empire Remains Shop // Columbia Books On Architecture and The City, Columbia University Press, Alon Schwabe and Daniel Fernandez Pascual.● 2017 - Champagne tastes and mauby pockets: towards healthy cultural eco systems in Barbados. Sustainable art communities // Contemporary creativity and policy in the transnational Caribbean, edited by Leon Wainwright and Kitty Zijlmans, Manchester University Press. ● Guest co-editor, Small Axe Issue # 52 | Art as Caribbean Feminist Practice

● Sweeping Fields where History still Groans | Making Space for Wild Plants. Article in The Forager Magazine, Bangalore, India

● 2015 – Self-recognition: The Shock of Seeing Yourself in the Mirror, ARC Magazine

 Cultural Activism
● 2011 – Present: Founder & Director, The Fresh Milk Art Platform Inc.

● 2012 – Present: Co-founder/co-director, Caribbean Linked

● 2014 – Present: Co-founder/co-director, Tilting Axis

References

Bibliography
Veerle Poupeye. Caribbean Art''. London; Thames and Hudson; 1998. Further reading

This Ground Beneath My Feet - A Chorus of Bush In Rablands– http://rablands.annaleedavis.com
TEORé/Tica– https://issuu.com/teoretica/docs/pub_eloc5
Lips, Sticks and Marks – Exhibition Catalogue, Group Exhibition at The Art Foundry, Barbados, 1998 Barbados - <mask> <mask>, Joscelyn Gardner; Trinidad & Tobago; Susie Dayal, Irenee Shaw; Aruba


title: Rob McKenna

texts:
<mask> (born October 1, 1962) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 17th Attorney General of Washington from 2005 to 2013 after serving on the Metropolitan King County Council from 1996 to 2005. A member of the Republican Party, he ran for Governor of Washington in 2012, losing to Democrat Jay Inslee. <mask> is an Eagle Scout, was student body president at the University of Washington, and attended the University of Chicago Law School, where he was on the law review. He currently is a partner at Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP in Seattle where he represents a wide range of technology and other companies in matters involving cyber security, data privacy, litigation, appellate litigation, regulatory proceedings, state attorney general investigations, and legislative issues. Early life, education, and legal career
<mask> was born in Fort Sam Houston, Texas, the son of Bonnie Jean (née Olson) and <mask>, an Army officer. His ancestry includes Irish, Norwegian, and German. He grew up at posts in Germany, Bangkok (where he attended the International School Bangkok), San Francisco and Kansas before his family settled in Bellevue, Washington when he was 14.He graduated from Sammamish High School in Bellevue in 1980. He earned two bachelor's degrees, in Economics and International Studies, from the University of Washington and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He was student body president in 1984–85. He received a J.D. from the University of Chicago Law School in 1988. After graduating from law school, <mask> worked as an attorney at the law firm of Perkins Coie, one of the 50 largest firms in the country, where he practiced mainly business and regulatory law from June 1988 to January 1996. Early political career
He

masks:
Robert Marion McKenna
McKenna
McKenna
Robert Elliott McKenna
McKenna


title: Rob McKenna

texts:
 was elected to the King County Council in November 1995, took office in January 1996, and was re-elected in 1999 and 2003.As councilman, he represented Bellevue, Mercer Island, Kirkland, Newcastle, and much of Renton. His re-elections were without opposition and he was twice rated "Outstanding" by the Municipal League. He also served as co-chair of the Campaign for Equal Justice. Attorney General of Washington
As Washington's 17th Attorney General, <mask> managed the largest public law office in the state with approximately 1,150 employees and offices in 13 cities statewide: Bellingham, Port Angeles, Everett, Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia, Wenatchee, Spokane, Yakima, Kennewick, Vancouver, Tumwater, and Pullman. The Washington Attorney General's Office serves over 230 state agencies, boards, commissions, colleges, and universities, as well as the Governor and Legislature. As Attorney General, <mask> made the protection of consumers and businesses, the improvement of community safety and the advancement of open government his chief priorities. He also argued before the U.S. Supreme Court three times to defend Washington state laws from challenges, and won each time.2004 election
<mask> based his 2004 campaign for the office of Attorney General around three areas of protection he promised to bring to Washingtonians: protection of the safety of families by fighting crimes such as identity theft, internet fraud, and child pornography, and supporting local police, sheriffs, and prosecutors; protection of rights by controlling regulation and supporting the public's right to know what the government is doing; and protection of pocketbooks by counseling state agencies to avoid costly trial and litigation, bringing reform in the matter of

masks: McKenna McKenna McKenna


title: Rob McKenna

texts:
 reducing what some see as unfair burdens placed on doctors, hospitals, and other professionals. <mask> developed broad-based alliances to win the election, attracting the support of prosecutors, police chiefs and sheriffs, along with farm and business leaders one at a time and then leveraging those endorsements into broader support. He also built nontraditional alliances with tribal leaders, public safety unions, firefighters and other moderates in both parties. He defeated political novice Mike Vaska, a private attorney from Issaquah, in the Republican primary for state Attorney General, with approximately 70 percent of the vote. He defeated former Insurance Commissioner and Democratic Senate candidate Deborah Senn in the November General election and was one of just a few Republicans to win statewide office in 2004. First term
In his first year as Attorney General, <mask> founded "Operation: Allied Against Meth", a program designed to reduce the drug's manufacture and use in Washington. The initiative included an increase in the law enforcement and prosecution personnel dedicated to cracking down on methamphetamine-related crimes, a statewide educational program to help prevent the use of the drug, and a legislative alliance devoted to improving Washington's meth problem.Since the initiative began, deaths from methamphetamine use in Washington have fallen by a third, while the incidence of driving under the influence of meth decreased by over 25 percent. During his inaugural term, he created Washington's Law Enforcement Group against Identity Theft (LEGIT), and was subsequently named as one of Security Magazine's 25 most influential people in security. He was also active in the National Association of Attorneys General

masks: McKenna McKenna


title: Rob McKenna

texts:
 (NAAG) during his first term, co-chairing both the Financial Practices Committee and the Tobacco Committee during his first term. Acting in this capacity, he helped lead cases against subprime lenders that resulted in the largest settlements in the history of American consumer protection lawsuits. 2008 election
<mask> kicked off his 2008 campaign in November 2007. He received the support of two Democrats, State Auditor Brian Sonntag and Snohomish County Prosecuting Attorney Janice Ellis. He defeated Pierce County executive John Ladenburg in the 2008 election with over 59 percent of the vote.Second term
In his second term, <mask> continued to be active in the National Association of Attorneys General, serving as co-chair on various committees and receiving the NAAG's Distinguished Service Award before becoming Vice-President of the organization in 2009. In 2010, he was elected President of NAAG, and assumed the office on June 22, 2011. He launched his Presidential Initiative, a program called "Pillars of Hope" aimed at reducing human trafficking in the US, in Chicago on the following day. On March 22, 2010 <mask> announced that he was joining other Republican elected officials in a multi-state challenge to the constitutionality of a health care overhaul bill passed by US Congress and signed by President Obama. The ongoing legal battle grew into a 26 state coalition of plaintiffs, including <mask>, who maintained his original motivation to see the provision for mandatory purchase of private individual health-insurance plans by 2014 struck down for being unconstitutional. <mask> differed from his co-plaintiffs by supporting the law's several provisions pertaining to patient protection; the other opponents wanted the entire law

masks: McKenna McKenna McKenna McKenna McKenna


title: Rob McKenna

texts:
 scrapped. 2012 gubernatorial election

In June 2011, <mask> announced that he would run for Governor of Washington.When announcing his gubernatorial campaign, he said "We deserve a governor who will bring us a leaner, better-run state government that doesn't demand endless tax increases before it delivers results to its bosses, you the taxpayers." <mask> faced Democratic nominee Jay Inslee, a U.S. Representative. Polls showed a close race. Inslee defeated <mask>, winning 51% of the vote. <mask> won 31 of 39 counties, with many of his greatest margins in Washington's most rural areas. Inslee won 62% of the vote in King County, Washington's largest, which proved decisive. Political positions

Tax policy
<mask> has, on several occasions, defended the "2/3 rule" requiring a two-thirds vote before any tax increases.He opposed I-1098, a ballot initiative to impose state income taxes on households earning more than $400,000. He supports increasing the Business & Occupation (B&O) tax credit to $4,800 per year for small businesses in all categories. Prior to a US Supreme Court ruling allowing such action; <mask> has proposed requiring out-of-state businesses that sell into Washington (including online and mail-order companies) to pay state taxes, even if they lack a physical presence there. Washington began collecting sales tax from out-of-state companies in 2018. On May 20, 2021, <mask> joined a lawsuit against a capital gains tax signed into law by Washington governor and his 2012 gubernatorial opponent Jay Inslee. The lawsuit alleges that the tax is a state income tax in disguise and is unconstitutional due to precedent, with a graduated state income tax being declared unconstitutional in 1933. In September 2021, Grant County

masks: McKenna McKenna McKenna McKenna McKenna McKenna McKenna


title: Rob McKenna

texts:
 superior court judge Brian Huber allowed this lawsuit to move forward.Education
<mask> supports increased funding for colleges and K-12 education. Despite the Washington State Supreme Court decision (McCleary v State of Washington) that found the Washington State government was not meeting its obligation to sufficiently fund public schools, <mask> remains a strong proponent of school choice and charter schools. He wants to end the unfair distribution of education funding, which gives more funding to schools with students that come from wealthier families. In doing this, <mask> hopes to increase class mobility for low-income students. Abortion
<mask> is pro-choice, and wants to ensure that all pharmacies sell the morning-after pill. As a general provision, <mask> would support legislation that would require parental notification before a minor obtains an abortion. "I'm like a lot of parents," <mask> said."When your daughter turns 13 and the mom is kicked out of the examining room for anything related to reproductive health, it's troubling for a lot of parents." Drug policy
<mask> opposes drug legalization and he supports strategies to cut down on drug trafficking and trade. He is the founder of "Operation: Allied Against Meth". Personal life
<mask> has four grown children and resides in Seattle, Washington. An Eagle Scout, he serves on the executive board of the Chief Seattle Council of the Boy Scouts of America, is a past president of the council, and has helped raise hundreds of thousands of dollars for the Bellevue Schools Foundation and the Eastside Domestic Violence Program. References

External links
 Biography at Ballotpedia
 Our Campaigns – <mask> (WA) profile

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1962 births
American people of Irish

masks:
McKenna
McKenna
McKenna
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McKenna
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Rob McKenna


title: Ni Yulan

texts:
<mask> (, born 24 March 1960) is a civil rights lawyer in the People's Republic of China. She has established herself in defending human rights in China by providing legal aid to persecuted groups such as Falun Gong practitioners and victims of forced eviction. <mask> has gone through multiple arrests, three prison sentences, and torture following her human rights cases against the Chinese government. Her license to practice law was later revoked by Chinese authorities. In 2011, the Dutch government awarded <mask> the Human Rights Tulip, and in 2016, the United States Department of State gave her the International Women of Courage Award. Education and career

<mask> entered Beijing Language and Culture University in 1978 and obtained a bachelor's degree in Chinese. She went on to obtain a law degree from China University of Political Science and Law, and became a lawyer in 1986.She then worked as a legal consultant at China International Trading Corporation while being simultaneously employed as an attorney at Justice Law Firm. <mask> is said to have been monitored by the Chinese government since 1999, when she provided legal assistance to a Falun Gong practitioner. In 2001, when <mask>'s neighborhood in Beijing had been slated for mandatory demolition in order to accommodate the upcoming 2008 Beijing Olympics, she helped her neighbors by either attempting to save their homes from being demolished or by demanding equitable compensation. Arrests and imprisonment

First arrest and imprisonment

In April 2002, <mask> was arrested by the police while filming the forced destruction of a neighbor's home. She was then detained for 75 days. <mask> said that during her detention, she was kicked and beaten continuously for 15 hours, consequently leaving her maimed and

masks:
Ni Yulan
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni
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title: Ni Yulan

texts:
 since then in need of crutches to walk. <mask> was again arrested in September that year while petitioning the Beijing National People's Congress Standing Committee about her having been beaten in police custody.Nonetheless, instead of receiving recompense, she was sentenced to a year in prison for "obstructing official business". Additionally, her lawyer's license was revoked. In November 2005, before then US president George W. Bush's visit to China, Chinese police warned <mask> against leaving her home. Two days later, when she was taking a walk in a park near her home, she was assaulted by unidentified men. However, when she reported the attack to the police, she herself was taken into custody. Second arrest and imprisonment

In August 2008, <mask> was arrested when her own home was forcibly demolished, and was sentenced to two years in prison for “obstructing official business”, the same crime as her first conviction. Her family members were not allowed to visit her during that period.After being released, <mask> said that she had been beaten harshly to the point that she could only crawl on the prison floor during her imprisonment. Additionally, according to <mask>, she was denied access to the toilet along with having a limited water supply because authorities said that it was punishment for her denial of guilt. <mask> was without a home upon her release. Nevertheless, the police still made it difficult for her when she attempted to rent a hotel room or an apartment. As a result, she and her husband camped in a tent at a park in central Beijing. After drawing significant news media attention, authorities then moved the couple to a hotel room. Third arrest and imprisonment

On 7 April 2011, <mask> and her husband were detained by police as part of a

masks: Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni Ni


title: Ni Yulan

texts:
 nationwide crackdown on dissent.<mask> described multiple instances of abuse during her detention, including once when an officer urinated on her face, and another taking her crutches away and forcing her to crawl from her cell to the prison workshop. In Beijing on 29 December 2011, Chinese authorities put <mask> on trial for alleged fraud. Owing to mistreatment during <mask>'s detention, she was in poor health upon her appearance in court and was propped up on a makeshift bed with an oxygen mask tied to her face. <mask>'s trial drew many spectators outside the courthouse, as they were denied entry and were surrounded by more than a hundred police officers. According to Radio Free Asia, aside from spectators facing obstacles, a number of <mask>'s witnesses were also confined to their homes by Chinese police prior to <mask>'s trial, making them unable to testify for <mask>. In April 2012, <mask> was sentenced to two years and eight months in prison for “causing a disturbance” and "fraud". Her husband, Dong Jiqin, was similarly sentenced to two years for "causing a disturbance".However, rights activists argue that the charges were fabricated in order to stifle dissent. <mask> completed her third sentence on 5 October 2013. According to <mask>, her illness had not been treated during her detention, and she was, as a result, in poor health upon release. Continued harassment

Following <mask>'s release in 2013, she and her family have continued to face a series of human rights violations, which include being defrauded, monitored, followed, forcibly evicted from their homes without prior warning, and having her passport arbitrarily denied by Chinese government authorities. In 2016, <mask> was prevented by Chinese authorities from leaving China to attend The US Award

masks:
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Ni Yulan
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Ni
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Ni Yulan
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title: Ni Yulan

texts: Ceremony, where she would have received the International Women of Courage Award. Chinese authorities have repeatedly refused to issue her a passport. <mask> speculated that it was because authorities had gotten infuriated by her efforts at drawing social media attention to the cause of detained human rights lawyers in 2015.Soon after the Chinese government's denial of <mask>'s passport application, on 2 April 2016, a group of around twenty people forcibly removed her from her home in Beijing and assaulted her husband. Subsequently, the company managing the property told <mask> that it had faced pressure from the government's security forces to evict her. Another incident of harassment occurred in April 2017. At the beginning of April, after <mask> had signed a contract and paid 40,000 yuan for renting an apartment over several months, the landlord informed her that the apartment was in a restricted housing unit, and that she had to leave by 15 April 2017. In addition, the landlord stated that only 8,000 yuan of her payment could be refunded. The landlord also told her that it was the local police department who had instructed the eviction and refusal to refund fully. On 14 April 2017, the windows of <mask>'s apartment were smashed and the electricity was cut off.During the night of 15 April, a group of men broke into <mask>'s apartment, seized the family's cell phones, and dragged the family members into two vans waiting outside the building. The two vans then drove around the city for hours, during which time <mask> was injured on the back and ankle, while her husband was injured on the head and leg. The family were then left at an unfamiliar location away from their apartment. Their belongings were also removed from their apartment and left in the street.

masks:
Ni
Ni
Ni
Ni Yulan
Ni
Ni
Ni


title: Ni Yulan

texts:
 Awards

In 2011, <mask> received the Human Rights Tulip, an annual award presented by the government of the Netherlands. Initially, <mask>'s daughter had asked for the ceremony to be delayed for two weeks since <mask> was facing trial at the time, and it was feared that <mask> receiving the award might aggravate her situation in China. However, the ceremony had to be cancelled later since <mask>'s daughter, who would have represented her mother at the ceremony, was not allowed to leave China.In 2016, she received the International Women of Courage Award. During the ceremony, which <mask> was barred by Chinese authorities from attending, then U.S. secretary of State John Kerry said: <mask> has paid a steep price for her efforts to assert the legal rights of Chinese citizens. Her outspokenness has led her to imprisonment, during which she was beaten so badly that she became paralyzed from the waist down, but that hasn't stopped her [...] She continues to defend the property rights of Beijing residents whose homes have been slated for demolition. References

External links
Urgent action CASE FILE for <mask> (倪玉兰) by CHINESE URGENT ACTION WORKING GROUP
"China Set to Punish Another Human Rights Activist article by Andrew Jacobs in The New York Times 2 January 2012
"Ni Yulan Appeals Conviction; U.S. and EU Call for Her Release" case update by Human Rights in China, 17 April 2012
<mask>lan Youtube playlist

Chinese dissidents
Chinese democracy activists
Chinese human rights activists
Prisoners and detainees of the People's Republic of China
20th-century Chinese lawyers
21st-century Chinese lawyers
Weiquan movement
Living people
1960 births
Women human rights activists
Women who received the International Women of Courage Award
20th-century Chinese women
21st-century

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Ni Yulan
Ni Yu


title: Gerald Murnane

texts:
<mask> (born 25 February 1939) is an Australian writer, perhaps best known for his novel The Plains (1982). The New York Times, in a big feature published on 27 March 2018, called him "the greatest living English-language writer most people have never heard of". Early life
Murnane was born in Coburg, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, and has almost never left the state of Victoria. He is one of four children–one of whom, a brother, suffered an intellectual disability, was repeatedly hospitalised and died in 1985. Parts of his childhood were spent in Bendigo and the Western District. In 1956 he graduated from De La Salle College, Malvern. Murnane briefly trained for the Roman Catholic priesthood in 1957.He abandoned this path, however, instead becoming a teacher in primary schools (from 1960 to 1968), and at the Victoria Racing Club's Apprentice Jockeys' School. He received a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Melbourne in 1969, then worked in the Victorian Education Department until 1973. From 1980 he began to teach creative writing at various tertiary institutions. In 1969 Murnane moved to the Melbourne suburb of Macleod. After the death of his wife in 2009 Murnane moved to Goroke in country Victoria. He married in 1966 and has three sons. Work
Murnane's first two books, Tamarisk Row (1974) and A Lifetime on Clouds (1976), seem to be semi-autobiographical accounts of his childhood and adolescence.Both are composed largely of very long but grammatical sentences. In 1982, he attained his mature style with The Plains, a short novel about an unnamed filmmaker who travels to "inner Australia", where he endeavours to film the plains under the patronage of wealthy landowners. The novel has been termed a fable, parable or allegory. The novel is both a metaphysical parable about appearance and reality, and a parodic examination of traditions and cultural horizons. It has been suggested that the book's opening has the narrator expressing an outlook that is typical to Murnane's writing:Twenty years ago, when I first arrived on the plains, I kept my eyes open. I looked for


title: Gerald Murnane

texts:
 serves as a metaphor in his work. A documentary, Words and Silk – The Real and Imaginary Worlds of <mask> (1989), directed by Philip Tyndall, examined Murnane's childhood, work, approach to the craft of writing, and interest in horse racing. Since his retirement to the town of Goroke, Murnane has enjoyed playing golf.He taught himself Hungarian after having read Gyula Illyés' People of the Puszta, as described in the essay "The Angel's Son: Why I Learned Hungarian Late in Life":I have read several times during my life that this or that person was so impressed by this or that translation of this or that work of literature that the person afterwards learned the original language in order to read the original text. I have always been suspicious of this sort of claim, but, the reader of this piece of writing need not doubt the truth of the following sentence. I was so impressed by the English version of Puszták népe that I afterwards learned the language of the original and, as of now, have read a goodly part of it. In June 2018 Murnane released a spoken word album, Words in Order. The centrepiece is a 1600-word palindrome written by Murnane, which he recites over a minimalist musical score. He also performs works by Thomas Hardy, Dezső Kosztolányi, DEVO and Killdozer. Awards
The Patrick White Award (1999).A Special Award in the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards (2007). The Australia Council emeritus award (2008). The Melbourne Prize for Literature (2009)
The Adelaide Festival Awards for Literature 2010 Award for Innovation in Writing
A Million Windows short-listed for the New South Wales Premier's Literary Awards Christina Stead Award for Fiction (2015)
Victorian Premier's Literary Award for Non-Fiction, 2016
Prime Minister's Literary Awards for Fiction, for Border Districts, 2018. NSW Premier's Literary Awards, shortlisted: Christina Stead Prize for Fiction for Border Districts, 2019

Bibliography

Novels
(1974) Tamarisk Row. William Heinemann Australia, Melbourne. (1976) A Lifetime on Clouds. William Heinemann Australia, Melbourne.(1982) The Plains. Norstrilia


title: Gerald Murnane

texts:
 Press, Melbourne. (1988) Inland. William Heinemann Australia, Melbourne. (1995) Emerald Blue. McPhee Gribble, Melbourne. (2009) Barley Patch.Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney. (2012) A History of Books. Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney. (2014) A Million Windows. Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney. (2017) Border Districts. Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney.(2019) A Season on Earth. Text Publishing, Melbourne. Unabridged edition of A Lifetime on Clouds

Short story collections
(1985) Landscape with Landscape. Norstrilia Press, Melbourne. (1990) Velvet Waters. McPhee Gribble, Melbourne. (2018) Collected Short Fiction.Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney. Essay collection
(2005) Invisible Yet Enduring Lilacs. Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney. (2021) Last Letter to a Reader. Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney. Poetry collection
(2019) Green Shadows and Other Poems. Giramondo Publishing Company, Sydney.Memoir
(2015) Something for the Pain: A Memoir of the Turf. Text Publishing, Melbourne. References

External links
Reading <mask>, at CONTEXT
Is the Next Nobel Laureate in Literature Tending Bar in a Dusty Australian Town?, profile, 27 March 2018
A lifetime journey into the geographies of the soul, interview, 14 November 2009. A world of his own, interview, 3 October 2009. The literary life of <mask>, 18 February 2008. A detrimental education, 30 June 2007. Speech at Monash University, 27 July 2006.An obsessive imagination, interview, 15 October 2005. When the mice failed to arrive, story. 2009 ABC interview about Murnane's Barley Patch. Biography at Golvan Arts website, Murnane's literary agent. Words in Order, album. 1939 births
Living people
20th-century Australian novelists
21st-century Australian novelists
Australian essayists
Male essayists
Australian male novelists
Australian male short story writers
Patrick White Award winners
Writers from Melbourne
20th-century Australian short story writers
21st-century Australian short story writers
20th-century essayists
21st-century essayists
20th-century Australian male writers
21st-century Australian male

masks:
Gerald Murnane
Gerald Murnane


title: Richard W. Mayo

texts:
<mask> (June 12, 1902 – November 10, 1996) was an American Army general and athlete. He was an officer in the United States Army from 1926 to 1956, saw combat in World War II and the Korean War, and was commander of the 17th Field Artillery Group, the 5th Field Artillery Group, and Fort Stewart. He retired with the rank of brigadier general. While in the Army he competed in modern pentathlon at the 1928 and 1932 Summer Olympics, winning the bronze medal in 1932. After retiring from the Army, <mask> was a city manager in three municipalities and a community leader in Boca Raton, Florida. Early life
<mask> was born on June 12, 1902, in Boston's Dorchester neighborhood to Jeremiah J. and Elizabeth A<mask>. He graduated from Dorchester High School.After graduation he joined the Massachusetts State Guard and took a course to help him prepare for the United States Military Academy entrance exam. As a member of the State Guard, <mask> helped keep order during the Boston Police Strike. West Point
<mask> was accepted into the United States Military Academy in 1922. At West Point, <mask> was captain of the fencing team and a member of the academy's championship-winning intramural soccer, fencing, saber, and pistol teams. He also qualified as a pistol expert and rifle marksman. During his senior year he was promoted to sergeant and was a member of the first class detail, which instructed the freshman class. <mask> graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1926.Athletics

<mask> competed in modern pentathlon at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He finished 19th (out of 37 athletes). He was 3rd in fencing, 11th in running, 12th in shooting, 23rd in swimming, and 37th in equestrian. In 1931, <mask> was one of nine Army officers chosen to be retained for further training in preparation for the 1932 Summer Olympics. He also won a fencing competition for members of the United States Olympic

masks:
Richard Walden Mayo
Mayo
Mayo
. Mayo
Mayo
Mayo
Mayo
Mayo
Mayo
Mayo


title: Richard W. Mayo

texts:
 fencing and pentathlon teams hosted by the New York Athletic Club. He finished third at the U.S. Olympic trials, which assured him a place on the Olympic team. At the 1932 Olympics, <mask> became a surprise contender for the gold medal.He finished second in the first day's event, steeplechase. On the second day, he tied with Sven Thofelt for the overall lead after a second-place finish in fencing. After winning the shooting event, he took sole possession of first place. On the fourth day of competition, <mask> retained his lead by finishing fourteenth in swimming. Going into the final day of the competition, <mask> had a 3½-point lead over Johan Gabriel Oxenstierna, a 4-point lead over Sven Thofelt, and a 10-point lead over Bo Lindman, all of Sweden. The final event was <mask>'s weakest – running. He finished seventeenth, which moved him behind Oxenstierna and Lindman, but allowed him to maintain a half-point lead over Thofelt, giving him the bronze medal.He was the first American to win a medal in modern pentathlon. In 1936, <mask> served as a manager of the United States Olympic pentathlon team. Military career
After graduating from West Point, <mask> assigned to Fort Bragg. He was later detailed to Governors Island to train for the 1928 Olympics. He was later stationed at Fort Sill, Fort Myer, Fort Leavenworth, and Fort Hood. While at Fort Myer, <mask> met Northa Porter, the daughter of Interstate Commerce Commissioner Claude R. Porter. They married in June 1934 and would go on to have two children – Sally and <mask>, Jr.When the United States entered World War II, <mask> was stationed in Trinidad, British West Indies, where he was the senior aide to the commanding general there. He was soon brought back to the United States, where he was given command of a tank destroyer battalion that fought in Normandy. From 1944 to 1945 he was Assistant Artillery Officer of the Fifteenth

masks: Mayo Mayo Mayo Mayo Mayo Mayo Mayo Richard Mayo


title: Richard W. Mayo

texts:
 United States Army. He then served as the Chief of the Redeployment and Troops Branch Headquarters of the European Theater. In May 1947, <mask> was transferred to the War Department General Staff, where he became Chief of European and Mid-East Branch, Plans and Operations Division. In 1950 he became Commanding Officer of the 17th Field Artillery Group, stationed at Fort Sill. Korean War
While stationed at Fort Still, James Van Fleet requested that <mask> come to Korea.From August 1951 to January 1952 he served as Chief of Staff to the Korean Military Advisory Group. He then served as the commanding officer of the 5th Field Artillery Group, 2nd Republic of Korea Corps, Eighth United States Army until January 1953. While in Korea, <mask> saw front line combat at Capitol Hill and Finger Ridge, was promoted to brigadier general, and was awarded the Bronze Star, the Legion of Merit, a bronze oak leaf cluster (in lieu of a second Legion of Merit), two battle stars, the Taegeuk Cordon, and the Eulji Cordon. Fort Stewart
From 1953 to 1956, <mask> was the commander of Fort Stewart. When <mask> arrived at Fort Stewart, the base had the highest rate of venereal disease in the Army, with 428 cases per thousand men (the average was then 67 cases per one thousand). <mask> worked to clean up the area around the fort, which contained slot parlors and dive bars frequented by prostitutes. <mask>'s efforts resulted in a grand jury indicting 44 people on gambling-related charges and accusing Liberty County Sheriff Paul Sikes of having "knowingly failed and neglected" to enforce the law.Sikes attempted to have <mask> transferred by his political ally, Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman <mask>, Jr., however <mask> chose to remain at Fort Stewart. During his battle with Sikes, <mask> was twice turned down for promotion to major general, as Pentagon officials decided not to put his name before

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title: Richard W. Mayo

texts:
 Russell and the Armed Services Committee. He retired from the Army on July 31, 1956. City manager
On May 31, 1956, the Gloucester, Massachusetts City Council chose <mask> to serve as city manager. He took office upon his retirement from the Army. In 1958, <mask> left Gloucester to become City Manager of Hickory, North Carolina. In 1960 he became the first town manager of Lake Park, Florida, a position he held until 1962.Later life and death
In 1964, <mask> and his wife retired to Boca Raton, Florida. There he became an active member of the community. <mask> was a member of the Salvation Army Board of Directors, a member Palm Beach County Planning Board, and an elder of the First Presbyterian Church. In 1972 he helped found Citizens for Reasonable Growth, a Boca Raton watchdog group. <mask> also attended the University of Florida and became a teacher in the Lake Worth, Florida, public schools and at Saint Andrew's School in Boca Raton. <mask> died on November 10, 1996, at his home in Boca Raton. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.References

External links

1902 births
1996 deaths
American city managers
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army personnel of the Korean War
American male modern pentathletes
Schoolteachers from Florida
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Modern pentathletes at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Modern pentathletes at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in modern pentathlon
People from Boca Raton, Florida
People from Dorchester, Massachusetts
Track and field athletes from Boston
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Korea)
Recipients of the Order of the Phoenix (Greece)
United States Army generals
United States Military Academy alumni
University of Florida alumni
20th-century American educators
Military personnel

masks: Mayo Mayo Mayo Mayo Mayo Mayo


title: Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche

texts:
<mask> (b. 23 Oct 1964) is the title of a tulku lineage of Tibetan Buddhist lamas. They originate with Jamgon Kongtrul Lodro Thaye, one of the most illustrious lamas of recent history, known for his central role in the rimé or non-sectarian movement in 19th Century Tibet. Jigme Namgyel (b. 1964) is the present <mask>che. He is the second or third incarnation, depending on whether Lodro Thaye is counted (he was not known as "Dzigar Kongtrul"—that lineage is one of five distinct subsequent variants beginning after his death). The 2nd Dzigar Kongtrul
The second Dzigar Kongtrul, Lodrö Rabpel, was recognized by his root guru the 15th Karmapa, Khakyab Dorje, along with Karsey Kongtrul.He was the younger brother of <mask> Chogtrül, a Drukpa Kagyü of a long incarnate lineage. His bases of activity were Palpung Monastery, Tsadra Rinchen Drag and Dzong Shö, and later he founded a monastery known as Rango Tsokhar near Neten Gön, the monastery of the 2nd Neten Chokling Rinpoche to whom he was very close. According to Tulku Urgyen <mask>, a contemporary master who died in 1996, Lodro Rabpel was renowned throughout Derge for his eloquence. The 3rd Dzigar Kongtrul

The present Dzigar Kongtrul was born in the Northern Indian province of Himachal Pradesh to Tibetan refugee parents; his father was the third Neten Chokling Rinpoche and his mother, Mayum Tsewang Palden, practiced all her life, even in the midst of raising five children. Rinpoche grew up in a monastic environment. He was trained in the Longchen Nyingtik lineage of the Nyingma school as well as the Khyen-Kong Chok-Sum lineages (those of Jamgon Kongtrul, Khyentse Wangpo and Chokgyur Lingpa—the three primary

masks:
Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche
Dar Kongtrul Rinpo
Dzigar
Rinpoche


title: Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche

texts:
 figures in the rimé movement) by his root guru H.H. Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche.<mask> also studied extensively under Tulku Urgyen <mask>, Nyoshul Khen <mask> and the great scholar Khenpo Rinchen. He moved to the United States in 1989 with his family and began a five-year tenure as a professor of Buddhist philosophy at Naropa University (then Institute) in 1990. Not long after arriving in the United States, <mask> founded Mangala Shri Bhuti, an organization established to further the practice of the Longchen Nyingtik and Khyen-Kong Chok-sum lineages. He established a mountain retreat center, Longchen Jigme Samten Ling, in southern Colorado, where he spends much of his time in retreat and guides students in long-term retreat practice. When not in retreat, Rinpoche travels widely throughout the world teaching and furthering his own education. His most well-known student in the Western world is Pema Chödrön, who took him as her primary teacher in 1994, years after the death of her root guru, Chögyam Trungpa <mask>. Mangala Shri Bhuti, Rinpoche's organization, has a total of five centers.Three are study and practice centers – Phuntsok Choling in Boulder, Colorado, Pema Osel Do Ngak Choling in Vershire, Vermont, and the Guna Institute in Bir, India. The remaining two are retreat centers – Longchen Jigme Samten Ling in Crestone, Colorado, seat of the Sangdo Palri Temple, and Guna Norling in Salvador, Bahia – Brazil. Artistic pursuits
<mask> <mask> <mask> is also an abstract expressionist painter. <mask> <mask> views creativity as "something very large – the essence of everything". His training in the arts began at an early age with the practice of calligraphy,

masks: Rinpoche Rinpoche Rinpoche Rinpoche Rinpoche Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche Kongtrul Rinpoche


title: Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche

texts:
 music, ritual dance and other traditional Tibetan arts. After his introduction to Western culture, Rinpoche became increasingly interested in modern art, particularly abstract painting and the work of Pablo Picasso and Wassily Kandinsky. He began painting under the guidance of his teacher, Yahne Le Toumelin in the mid-1990s.Mrs. Le Toumelin, who is based in Dordogne, France, is herself a renowned abstract expressionist painter who was introduced by André Breton in the 1960 as one of the few women painters to make a mark in her generation. Mrs. Le Toumelin teaches a unique style of oil paint mixed with glue applied with special palettes. She regards <mask> as her most significant student and an artist whose fearlessness and brilliance are incomparable. Integrating art and wisdom
In his book Natural Vitality, Dzigar <mask> <mask> speaks about how the creative process and meditation can merge. The outcome is not only profound works of art, but an added dimension for our spiritual growth.The essential practice of meditation is to allow the mind to express itself freely without fear or judgment. In each moment of awareness we encounter impressions of the outer world through our sense perception as well as our inner world of thoughts, feelings and emotions. When, through the process of meditation, we are able to let this incredible array of experience be, without trying to reject what we fear or pull in what we feel attracted to – when we relax into experience without trying to manipulate it in any way – we have a complete experience of mind, naked and unaltered. Art, when it is free of such notions of beauty and ugliness, ‘shoulds’ and ‘shouldn’ts’ can be

masks: Rinpoche Kongtrul Rinpoche


title: Frances Carpenter

texts:
<mask> (April 30, 1890 – November 2, 1972) was an American folklorist, author, and photographer. She traveled to, and published collections of folk stories from, nations on five continents. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Washington, D.C. in 1890. Her mother was Joanna Condict. Her father was noted traveller and travel-writer Frank G<mask>, and her brother <mask>. Unusually for the times, her father took her traveling with him as his secretary and photographic assistant from her early teenage years, with a break to complete her college education starting in 1908. In 1912 she graduated from Smith College, and returned to work as her father's assistant.Photography, writing, and a life of world travel
From an early age, she photographed ethnographically diverse subjects for her father's books. The pair traveled extensively on four continents, and she remained in active partnership with <mask> until his death in 1924. In 1930, <mask> published Tales of a Basque Grandmother, her first collection of folktales. This would also be the first of her popular Grandmother series, where she used the device of a central organizing narrator to convey details of national culture as well as its folk legends. But her real breakthrough  would come three years later with the publication of Tales of a Russian Grandmother, (1933) printed with the

masks:
Frances Aretta Carpenter
Frances Aretta Carpenter
. Carpenter
John Carpenter
Frank Carpenter
Carpenter


title: Frances Carpenter

texts:
 now classic illustrations by Ivan Bilibin. In the early 1960s, she visited Canada and the Mediterranean. In 1964 she visited Africa and traveled throughout the continent by car.In 1966 she was in Japan and Korea. Her last major folklore collection, People from the Sky; Ainu Tales from Northern Japan, which detailed the vanishing culture of the repressed Ainu people of North Japan, was published in 1972. In addition to her own work, her projects included the ongoing work of organizing her father's corpus, arranging for a mass donation of the family papers and photographs to the Library of Congress and publishing excerpts from her father's written work. Carp's Washington, a selection of her father's "early" Washington columns (written in the 1880s) was published in 1960, and became a best seller. <mask> was a fellow for the Royal Geographical Society. She was president of the Smith College Alumnae Association, sat on their Board of Trustees from 1936 until 1944, and from 1960 until 1930 served on the college's Board of Counselors. She also served as vice president of the International Society of Woman Geographers from 1939 until 1942.She was also a member of the Sulgrave Club, the Cosmos Club, the Chevy Chase Club and the Cosmopolitan Club. Personal life
On April 6, 1920, <mask> married William Chapin Huntington, a career diplomat with

masks: Carpenter Carpenter


title: Frances Carpenter

texts:
 whom she continued to travel all over the world. He worked at the Embassy of the United States, Paris and the United States Foreign Service from 1920 until 1961. The couple had two children: Joanna Huntington Noel and Edith Chapin Huntington Williams. Although, as was traditional at the time of her marriage, Ms. <mask> took her husband's surname, she continued to publish under her birthname. Death and legacy

<mask> died on November 2, 1972. <mask> is interred at Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.The <mask> Papers are held in the collection of the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. The Library of Congress has a collection of approximately 7,000 negatives and 16,800 photographs taken by the <mask>s which document the ethnographic work begun by her father and continued through <mask>'s own career. Works

With Frank G. <mask>
<mask>, Frank, & <mask>, <mask>. The Food We Eat: Journey Club Travels. New York: American Book Co., 1925. <mask>, Frank, & <mask>, <mask>. The Clothes We Wear: Journey Club Travels.New York: American Book Co., 1926. Carpenter, Frank, & <mask>, <mask>. The Houses We Live In: Journey Club Travels. New York: American Book Co., 1928. Grandmother Tales collections
<mask>, <mask>. Tales of a Basque Grandmother, ill. Pedro Garmendia. New York: Junior Literary guild/Lippincott, 1930.<mask>, <mask>. Tales of a

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Carpenter
Frances Carpenter
Carpenter
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Carpenter
Carpenter
Carpenter
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Carpenter
Carpenter
Frances
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Carpenter
Frances
Carpenter
Frances


title: Frances Carpenter

texts:
 Russian Grandmother. NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. Inc, 1933. <mask>, <mask>. Tales of a Chinese Grandmother, ill. Malthe Hasselriis. NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. Inc, 1937. <mask>, <mask>.Tales of a Swiss Grandmother, ill. E. Bieler. Doubleday, Doran & Co. Inc, New York, 1940. <mask>, <mask>. Tales of a Korean Grandmother: 32 Traditional Tales from Korea. New York: Doubleday, Doran & Co. Inc, 1947.

International folklore anthologies
<mask>, <mask>. Wonder Tales of Horses & Heroes, ill. William D. Hayes. Garden City: New York: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1952.<mask>, <mask>. Wonder Tales of Dogs and Cats, ill. Ezra Jack Keats. Garden City: New York: Doubleday & Co., Inc., 1955. <mask>, <mask>. Wonder Tales of Seas & Ships, ill. Peter Spier. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1959. <mask>, <mask>.The Elephant’s Bathtub: Wonder Tales From The Far East. ill. Hans Guggenheim. Garden City: New York: Doubleday & Co. Inc., 1962. <mask>, <mask>. African Wonder Tales. ill. Joseph Escourido. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1963.<mask>, <mask>. The Mouse Palace. ill. Adrienne Adams. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1964. <mask>, <mask>. South American Wonder Tales. ill. Ralph Creasman.Chicago: Follett Publishing (1969). <mask>, <mask>. People from the Sky; Ainu Tales from Northern Japan. ill. Betty Fraser. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1972. Additional ethnographic works

masks: Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances


title: Frances Carpenter

texts: <mask>, <mask>. Ourselves & Our City: Journey Club Travels.New York: American Book Co., 1928. <mask>, <mask>. The Ways We Travel: Journey Club Travels. New York: American Book Co., 1929. <mask>, <mask>. Our Little Friends of Eskimo Land: Papik & Natsek, ill. Curtiss Sprague. New York: American Book Co., 1931.<mask>, <mask>. Our Little Friends of the Arabian Desert: Adi & Hamda, ill. Curtiss Sprague. New York: American Book Co., 1934. <mask>, <mask>, Our Little Friends of the Netherlands: Dirk & Dientje. New York: American Book Co., 1935. <mask>, <mask>, Our Little Friends of Norway: Ola & Marit. New York: American Book Co., 1936.<mask>, <mask>, Our Little Friends of China: Ah Hu and Ying Hwa, ill. Curtiss Sprague. New York: American Book Co., 1937. <mask>, <mask>. Our Little Neighbors at Work & Play: Here, There, Then & Now. New York: American Book Co., 1939. <mask>, <mask>. Our Little Friends of Switzerland: Hansli & Heidi, ill. Curtiss Sprague.New York: American Book Co., 1941. <mask>, <mask>. Our South American Neighbors. New York: American Book Co., 1942. <mask>, <mask>. The Pacific: Its Lands & Peoples. New York: American Book Co., 1944.<mask>, <mask>. Our Neighbors Near & Far. New York: American Book Co., 1946. <mask>, <mask>. Canada & Her Northern Neighbors, New York: American Book Co., 1946. <mask>, <mask>. Children of Our

masks: Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances Carpenter Frances


title: Frances Carpenter

texts:
 World.New York: American Book Co., 1949. <mask>, <mask>. Caribbean Lands: Mexico, Central America, & the West Indies. New York: American Book Co., 1950. <mask>, <mask>. Children of Our World. New York: American Book Co., 1956.<mask>, <mask>. Our Homes & Our Neighbors. New York: American Book Co., 1956. <mask>, <mask>. Pocahontas & Her World, ill. Langdon Hihn. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1957.<mask>, <mask>, in Best in Children's Books, Volume 24. Nelson Doubleday, 1959. <mask>, <mask>. The Story of East Africa. Wichita, Kan.: McCormick-Mathers Pub. Co., 1967. <mask>, <mask>.The Story of Korea. Cincinnati: McCormick-Mathers Pub. Co., 1969. <mask>, <mask>. Spooks and Scoundrels. SRA Pilot Library IIb Book 14. 1976.Memoir
ed. <mask>. Carp's Washington. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1960. <mask>, <mask>. Holiday in Washington. ill. George Fulton.New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 1966. Reprints
<mask>, <mask>. Tales of a Korean Grandmother: 32 Traditional Tales from Korea. Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing (1989). <mask>, <mask>. Tales of a Chinese Grandmother: 30 Traditional Tales from China.Clarendon: Tuttle Publishing (2001). References

External links
 Carpenter Collection from the Library of Congress
 <mask> papers at the Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College Special Collections

1890 births
1972 deaths
20th-century American

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