title: Boris Pasternak

texts:
 through some verse in the Literary Gazette: 'Just look how tremendously well they've learned to rhyme! But there's actually nothing there – it would be better to say it in a news bulletin. What has poetry got to do with this?' By 'they' in this case, he meant the poets writing today." Translation
Reluctant to conform to socialist realism, <mask> turned to translation in order to provide for his family. He soon produced acclaimed translations of Sándor Petőfi, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Rainer Maria Rilke, Paul Verlaine, Taras Shevchenko, and Nikoloz Baratashvili. Osip Mandelstam, however, privately warned him, "Your collected works will consist of twelve volumes of translations, and only one of your own work."In a 1942 letter, <mask> declared, "I am completely opposed to contemporary ideas about translation. The work of Lozinski, Radlova, Marshak, and Chukovski is alien to me, and seems artificial, soulless, and lacking in depth. I share the nineteenth-century view of translation as a literary exercise demanding insight of a higher kind than that provided by a merely philological approach." According to Ivinskaya, <mask> believed in not being too literal in his translations, which he felt could confuse the meaning of the text. He instead advocated observing each poem from afar to plumb its true depths. <mask>'s translations of William Shakespeare (Romeo and Juliet, Antony and Cleopatra, Othello, King Henry IV (Part I) and (Part II), Hamlet, Macbeth, King Lear) remain deeply popular with Russian audiences because of their colloquial, modernised dialogues. <mask>'s critics, however, accused him


title: Boris Pasternak

type: original

texts:
 of "pasternakizing" Shakespeare.In a 1956 essay, <mask> wrote: "Translating Shakespeare is a task which takes time and effort. Once it is undertaken, it is best to divide it into sections long enough for the work to not get stale and to complete one section each day. In thus daily progressing through the text, the translator finds himself reliving the circumstances of the author. Day by day, he reproduces his actions and he is drawn into some of his secrets, not in theory, but practically, by experience." According to Ivinskaya:

While they were both collaborating on translating Rabindranath Tagore from Bengali into Russian, <mask> advised Ivinskaya: "1) Bring out the theme of the poem, its subject matter, as clearly as possible; 2) tighten up the fluid, non-European form by rhyming internally, not at the end of the lines; 3) use loose, irregular meters, mostly ternary ones. You may allow yourself to use assonances." Later, while she was collaborating with him on a translation of Vítězslav Nezval, <mask> told Ivinskaya:

According to Ivinskaya, however, translation was not a genuine vocation for Pasternak.She later recalled:

Music
<mask> was also a composer, and had a promising musical career as a musician ahead of him, had he chosen to pursue it. He came from a musical family: his mother was a concert pianist and a student of Anton Rubinstein and Theodor Leschetizky, and <mask>'s early impressions were of hearing piano trios in the home. The family had a dacha (country house) close to one occupied by Alexander Scriabin. Sergei Rachmaninoff, Rainer Maria Rilke and Leo Tolstoy were all

masks:
Pasternak
Pasternak
Pasternak
Boris Pasternak
Pasternak


title: Boris Pasternak

texts:
 visitors to the family home. His father Leonid was a painter who produced one of the most important portraits of Scriabin, and <mask> wrote many years later of witnessing with great excitement the creation of Scriabin's Symphony No. 3 (The Divine Poem), in 1903. <mask> began to compose at the age of 13.The high achievements of his mother discouraged him from becoming a pianist, but – inspired by Scriabin – he entered the Moscow Conservatory, but left abruptly in 1910 at the age of twenty, to study philosophy in Marburg University. Four years later he returned to Moscow, having finally decided on a career in literature, publishing his first book of poems, influenced by Aleksandr Blok and the Russian Futurists, the same year. <mask>'s early compositions show the clear influence of Scriabin. His single-movement Piano Sonata of 1909 shows a more mature and individual voice. Nominally in B minor, it moves freely from key to key with frequent changes of key-signature and a chromatic dissonant style that defies easy analysis. Although composed during his time at the Conservatory, the Sonata was composed at Rayki, some 40 km north-east of Moscow, where Leonid <mask> had his painting studio and taught his students. Selected books by Pasternak

Poetry collectionsTwin in the Clouds (1914)Over the Barriers (1916)Themes and Variations (1917)My Sister, Life (1922)On Early Trains (1944)Selected Poems (1946)Poems (1954)When the Weather Clears (1959)In The Interlude: Poems 1945–1960 (1962)

Books of proseSafe Conduct (1931)Second Birth (1932)The Last Summer (1934)Childhood (1941)Selected Writings

masks: Pasternak Pasternak Pasternak Pasternak


title: Boris Pasternak

texts:
 (1949)Collected Works (1945)Goethe's Faust (1952)Essay in Autobiography (1956)Doctor Zhivago (1957)

See also
List of Jewish Nobel laureates

References

Sources

 .Further reading
 Conquest, Robert. (1979). The Pasternak Affair: Courage of Genius :A Documentary Report. New York, NY: Octagon Books. Paolo Mancosu, Inside the Zhivago Storm: The Editorial Adventures of Pasternak's Masterpiece, Milan: Feltrinelli, 2013

 Mossman, Elliott (ed.) (1982) The Correspondence of <mask> and Olga Freidenberg 1910 – 1954, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich,
Peter Finn and Petra Couvee, The Zhivago Affair: The Kremlin, the CIA, and the Battle Over a Forbidden Book, New York: Pantheon Books, 2014
Paolo Mancosu, Zhivago's Secret Journey: From Typescript to Book, Stanford: Hoover Press, 2016
<mask>, Lara: The Untold Love Story and the Inspiration for Doctor Zhivago, Ecco, 2017; . Paolo Mancosu, Moscow has Ears Everywhere: New Investigations on <mask> and Ivinskaya,'' Stanford: Hoover Press, 2019

External links

 <mask>'s interview with The Paris Review Summer-Fall 1960 No.24

 Pasternak profile at Poets.org
 PBS biography of Pasternak
 Register of the Pasternak Family Papers at the Hoover Institution Archives
 profile and images at the Pasternak Trust
 pp. 36–39: Pasternak as a student at Marburg University, Germany
 <mask>ak poetry
 The Poems by <mask> (English)

1890 births
1960 deaths
Nobel laureates in Literature
Soviet Nobel laureates
Writers from Moscow
People from Moscow Governorate
Writers of the Russian Empire
20th-century Russian translators
Anti–death penalty activists
Christian poets
Converts to

masks:
Boris Pasternak
Anna Pasternak
Pasternak
Read Pasternak
Boris Pastern
Boris Pasternak


title: Howard Fine

texts:
<mask> is an American acting teacher, celebrity acting coach, Broadway theater director, and author. He is the founder of the Howard Fine Acting Studio in Hollywood and in Melbourne, Australia. Early life
<mask> was born in Providence, Rhode Island, he is the youngest of five children. His parents, Max, an American GI, and Nelly, a Holocaust survivor, were married in Shanghai before returning to the U.S. Due to a fluke scheduling conflict between French and German classes, <mask> ended up taking his first theater class in high school. <mask>'s drama teacher spotted his directing talent and entrusted him with his first play to direct, Edward Albee's The Sandbox, at the age of 16. He was first introduced to the work of his mentor, Uta Hagen, while in high school. <mask>'s high school drama teacher taught from Hagen's first book, Respect for Acting, and would eventually take his class to New York City to watch classes at Hagen's studio.<mask> never studied with Uta as an actor, and by the time they met they were each established teachers in their field. Their mutual love of teaching led to a close friendship between them which lasted until Hagen's death in 2004. Career

Early career
<mask> completed his BA in Communication/Theater at Rhode Island College. After completing graduate school in Boston, <mask> moved to New York City, where he landed his first teaching job at the American Musical and Dramatic Academy. After one semester of teaching, he was promoted to head of the Acting Department at the age of 24, making him the youngest head in the studio's history. It was here that he developed a year-long training program known as "The Foundation", a version of which he still teaches at his studios in Los Angeles and Melbourne, Australia. Acting teacher
In 1985, <mask> moved to Los

masks:
Howard Fine
Fine
Fine
Fine
Fine
Howard
Fine
Fine
Fine


title: Howard Fine

texts:
 Angeles with his best friend, Voice coach David Coury.<mask> began his career in Los Angeles by privately coaching students in his living room, but in 1988, he had to expand to accommodate his growing classes. His studio has relocated several times since this 1980's before occupying its present location, 1320 N Highland Ave, at Fountain. <mask> received national recognition for his teaching in 2006 when named "Best Acting Teacher in Los Angeles" in Back Stage West "Best of Los Angeles" issue. <mask> is still a full-time acting teacher and coach, and throughout the year he teaches his 9-week Foundation course, as well as several sections of ongoing scene study. His techniques are mostly derivative of Uta Hagen's teachings, and offer actors a practical approach of working in all media: whereas most acting schools focus on either imagination or hyper-realism, <mask> believes actors need both. The Howard Fine Acting Studio is home to a unique Speech & Singing for Actors program, various intensives for actors of all experience levels, and a monthly series of entertainment industry talks made available to the public. He also offers annual masterclasses in Sydney, Australia, and at his studio in Melbourne, Australia.<mask> is an adjunct faculty member for the University of Texas Austin's Theater & Dance Department, and teaches students visiting from various college/conservatory programs at his Los Angeles studio. <mask> has a list of students spanning decades which include working actors, celebrity singers, professional athletes, and artists who have gone on to win Tony, Emmy, and Academy Awards. Theater director
In addition to being an acting coach, <mask> is also an accomplished theater director. His sole Broadway credit is for directing Michael Chiklis when he replaced Rob Becker

masks: Fine Fine Fine Fine Howard Fine Fine


title: Howard Fine

texts:
 in Defending the Caveman. The Internet Broadway Data Base and Playbill records of this production are incomplete. However, this credit has been verified by other sources including Backstage Magazine. Chiklis details the experience in the foreword of <mask>'s book, and physical copies of the original playbill credit <mask> as the director.Other credits include directing Elizabeth Berkley, Aasif Mandvi, Ally Sheedy, and Rachel Dratch in David Lindsay-Abaire's That Other Person as part of the best of the 24-hour plays on Broadway. <mask> is credited in the published version of the play. He won a Drama-logue award and received an Ovation Award nomination for his direction of Billy Campbell in Fortinbras. Author
<mask> is the author of <mask> on Acting: A Vision of the Craft, from Havenhurst Books. In his book, <mask> offers specifics on his technique as well as practical exercises designed to help actors in all levels of the industry. The book features a foreword by actor Michael Chiklis who writes, "His philosophy and approach to the craft of acting are the most helpful, encouraging and practically applicable I’ve ever encountered." <mask> also occasionally contributes to a blog containing teaching insights, expanded thoughts from topics covered in his book, and new thoughts for actors in the ever-changing landscape of show business.For years, <mask> has been asked by the Los Angeles Times to analyze the acting of the Oscar nominees. His Oscar commentary has been featured on Entertainment Tonight, Extra, Access Hollywood, E, Sky TV, BBC, and CNN. In addition to the Los Angeles Times, <mask> has been quoted in The Times, The Christian Science Monitor, and USA Today Weekend, and has spoken on numerous radio shows in both the US and overseas. <mask> has also contributed to the

masks:
Howard
Howard Fine
Howard
Fine
Fine
Fine
Fine
Fine
Fine
Fine


title: Howard Fine

texts:
 Huffington Post with commentary on current events. Popular mentions
 <mask> appears in the forthcoming Disney+ show "Earth to Ned" as an acting coach for a fictional being from another world. In 2020, <mask> was featured in an episode NBC's 1st Look as the acting coach who helps Johnny "Bananas" develop his craft. In 2019, <mask> was a guest on The Drawing Room, with Patricia Karvelas, a production of ABC Radio National in Australia.<mask> was mentioned on CBS's 60 Minutes during an interview with FBI agent and author Tamer El-noury. In the interview, Elnoury credited <mask> with giving him acting training which saved his life while working undercover to disrupt a terror cell. <mask> and his training are credited in the New York Times bestseller "American Radical: Inside the World of an Undercover Muslim FBI Agent, with helping the author foil a major terror plot. A film adaptation of this story is set to star Rami Malek. <mask> is thanked in the credits of the 2017 Sundance Audience Award-winning film "Crown Heights" and has coached both the film's producer Nnamdi Asomugha , and Nnamdi's spouse: noted actress Kerry Washington. In an "In Conversation" series produced by his Los Angeles studio, <mask> was thanked and publicly credited by numerous industry colleagues including notable casting directors, managers, agents, and celebrities such as Austin Butler, Elizabeth Berkeley, and Jim Belushi. <mask> is a longtime coach and friend of actress Elizabeth Berkeley, who has mentioned <mask> in numerous interviews and social media posts.In the 1990s, "Uta Hagen's Acting Class" was filmed primarily at <mask>'s studio in Los Angeles. In this widely viewed video special featuring Uta Hagen, <mask> can be seen in the audience along with many students at the time including Academy Award

masks:
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Fine
Howard
Howard Fine
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard
Howard


title: Howard Fine

texts:
 winner Jared Leto. <mask>'s Broadway directorial debut was made in 1995 with Rob Becker's "Defending the Caveman", starring longtime student Michael Chiklis. The show would go on to become the longest running one-man show on Broadway, with subsequent productions in Las Vegas. <mask>'s studio was mentioned by the character of "Johnny Drama" in the "I Love You Too" episode of HBO's popular comedy series "Entourage" (season 2, episode 9), a nod to <mask>'s long and notable career coaching many celebrities, including many of the top-billed cast on the show itself. Carla Gugino has spoken publicly on her training with <mask>, and Backstage published an interview in 2010 detailing their history of working together. <mask> has appeared as himself in numerous reality shows, including Dance Moms, Confessions of a Teen Idol, Next Action Star, The Anna Nicole Show, MTV's The Big Picture, It Girls, Twenty Four-Seven, and on many E!True Hollywood Story and Biography episodes. He also appeared as himself in the film Spiritual Warriors. Charitable works
<mask>'s favorite charity is Project Angel Food. He directed 10 consecutive years of the critically acclaimed benefit Divas Simply Singing, which featured such artists as Roberta Flack, Tina Arena, Melissa Manchester, The Pussycat Dolls, Whoopi Goldberg and Sharon Stone. He, along with Producer Paul Papile, created In Concert, which benefits Project Angel Food and has featured such artists as Deborah Gibson, Michael Chiklis, James Belushi, Sam Harris, and Tisha Campbell-Martin. Each year as part of their holiday celebration, <mask>'s Los Angeles studio holds a toy drive benefiting the Toys for Tots organization, and gives back to those in need. References

External links

1958 births
Living people
American theatre directors
Drama

masks:
Howard
Howard Fine
Howard
Howard
Fine
Fine
Fine


title: Norman Mineta

texts:
<mask> (born November 12, 1931) is an American politician. A member of the Democratic Party, <mask> most recently served in President George W. Bush's Cabinet as the United States Secretary of Transportation, the only Democratic Cabinet Secretary in the Bush administration. On June 23, 2006, <mask> announced his resignation after more than five years as Secretary of Transportation, effective July 7, 2006, making him the longest-serving Transportation Secretary in the Department's history. He previously served as President Bill Clinton's Secretary of Commerce for the last six months of his term. On July 10, 2006, Hill & Knowlton, a public relations firm, announced that <mask> would join it as a partner. On August 10, 2010, it was announced that <mask> would join L&L Energy, Inc as Vice Chairman. Early life and education
<mask> was born in San Jose, California, to Japanese immigrant parents, <mask> and Kane Watanabe, who were not allowed to become U.S. citizens at that time due to the Asian Exclusion Act.During World War II, the <mask> family was interned for several years at "Area 24, 7th Barrack, Unit B" in the Heart Mountain internment camp near Cody, Wyoming, along with thousands of other Japanese immigrants and Japanese Americans. Upon arrival to the camp, <mask>, a baseball fan, had his baseball bat confiscated by authorities because it could be used as a weapon. Many years later, after <mask> was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, a Los Angeles man sent Mineta a $1,500 bat that was once owned by Hank Aaron, which Mineta was forced to send back as it violated the House ban on accepting gifts valued over $250. <mask> was quoted as saying, "The damn government's taken my bat again." (However, the man sent the bat to Mineta again after his retirement from the House.) While detained in the camp, <mask>, a Boy

masks:
Norman Yoshio Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Kunisaku Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta


title: Norman Mineta

texts:
 Scout, met fellow Scout Alan K. Simpson, future U.S. Senator from Wyoming, who often visited the Scouts in the internment camp with his troop.The two became, and have remained, close friends and political allies. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley's School of Business Administration (since named in honor of Walter A. Haas, Sr.) in 1953 with a degree in business administration. Upon graduation, Mineta joined the U.S. Army and served as an intelligence officer in Japan and Korea. He then joined his father in the Mineta Insurance Agency. Personal life
Mineta's first marriage was to May Hinoki, which lasted from 1961 to 1986. In 1991, Mineta married United Airlines flight attendant Danealia "Deni" Brantner. Mineta has two children from his first marriage and two stepchildren from his second marriage.He also has eleven grandchildren. Career

Councilman and Mayor of San Jose
His political career began in 1967 when he was appointed to a vacant San Jose City Council seat by Mayor Ron James. In 1969, he was elected to office for the first time, after completing the city council term he had been appointed to. He was elected vice mayor by fellow councilors during that term. In 1971, <mask> ran against 14 other candidates to replace outgoing mayor Ron James. Mineta won every precinct in the election with over 60% of the total vote and became the 59th Mayor of San Jose, the first Japanese-American mayor of a major U.S. city. As mayor, Mineta ended the city's 20-year-old policy of rapid growth by annexation, creating development-free areas in East and South San Jose.His vice mayor, Janet Gray Hayes, succeeded him as mayor in 1975. United States Congress
In 1974, <mask> ran for the United States House of Representatives in what was then . The district had previously been the 10th District, represented by retiring

masks: Mineta Mineta


title: Norman Mineta

texts:
 11-term Republican Charles Gubser. He won the Democratic nomination, and defeated State Assemblyman George W. Milias with 52 percent of the vote. He would be reelected 10 more times from this Silicon Valley-based district, which was renumbered as the 15th District in 1993, never dropping below 57 percent of the vote. <mask> co-founded the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus and served as its first chair. <mask> served as chairman of the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure between 1992 and 1994.He chaired the committee's aviation subcommittee between 1981 and 1988, and chaired its Surface Transportation Subcommittee from 1989 to 1991. During his career in Congress he was a key author of the landmark Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991. He pressed for more funding for the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). <mask> and others in the House, including Bob Matsui and Barney Frank, were the driving force behind passage of H.R. 442 while Senator Spark Matsunaga who got 71 co-sponsors for the Senate bill was instrumental in the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which officially apologized for and redressed the injustices endured by Japanese Americans during World War II. In 1995, George Washington University awarded the Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorative Medal to Mineta for his contributions to the field of civil rights. Private sector
<mask> resigned his seat mid-term to accept a position with Lockheed Martin in 1995.The Democrats subsequently lost this district when Republican Tom Campbell defeated Democratic candidate Jerry Estruth in the special election held to fill the vacated seat, though Mineta protégé Mike Honda would win the seat back for the Democrats five years later when Campbell gave it up to run for the U.S. Senate. <mask> chaired the National Civil Aviation Review

masks: Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta


title: Norman Mineta

texts:
 Commission, which in 1997 issued recommendations on reducing traffic congestion and reducing the aviation accident rate. Many of the commission's recommendations were adopted by the Clinton administration, including reform of the Federal Aviation Administration to enable it to perform more like a business. <mask> was appointed to board of Directors of Horizon Lines effective January 1, 2007. Mineta formerly served on the board of AECOM Technology Corporation and is presently on the board of SJW Corp.

Secretary of Commerce
After serving as vice president of Lockheed Martin Corporation, he was appointed in 2000 by President Clinton as the U.S. Secretary of Commerce, making him the first Asian American to hold a presidential cabinet post. Secretary of Transportation
He was appointed United States Secretary of Transportation by President George W. Bush in 2001, a post he was originally offered eight years previously by Bill Clinton. He was the only Democrat to have served in Bush's cabinet and the first Secretary of Transportation to have previously served in a cabinet position.He became the first Asian American to hold the position, and only the fourth person to be a member of Cabinet under two Presidents from different political parties (after Edwin M. Stanton, Henry L. Stimson, and James R. Schlesinger). Secretary of Defense Robert Gates would go on to be the fifth serving in that capacity under both George W. Bush and Barack Obama. In 2004 <mask> received the Tony Jannus Award for his distinguished contributions to commercial air transportation. Following Bush's re-election, <mask> was invited to continue in the position, and he did so until resigning in June 2006. When he stepped down on July 7, 2006, he was the longest serving Secretary of Transportation since the position's inception in 1967. September 11 attacks
During

masks: Mineta Mineta Mineta


title: Norman Mineta

texts:
 the September 11 attacks, <mask>'s subordinate Ben Sliney issued an order to ground all civilian aircraft traffic for the first time in U.S. history. <mask>'s testimony to the 9/11 Commission about his experience in the Presidential Emergency Operations Center with Vice President Cheney as American Airlines flight 77 approached the Pentagon was not included in the 9/11 Commission Report.In one colloquy testified by <mask>, the vice president refers to orders concerning the plane approaching the Pentagon:

Commissioner Lee Hamilton queried if the order was to shoot down the plane, to which <mask> replied that he did not know that specifically. <mask>'s testimony to the Commission on Flight 77 differs rather significantly from the account provided in the January 22, 2002 edition of The Washington Post, as reported by Bob Woodward and Dan Balz in their series "10 Days in September." This same article reports that the conversation between Cheney and the aide occurred at 9:55 am, about 30 minutes later than the time <mask> cited (9:26 am) during his testimony to the 9/11 Commission. After hearing of <mask>'s orders, Canadian Transport Minister David Collenette issued orders to ground all civilian aircraft traffic across Canada, resulting in Operation Yellow Ribbon. On September 21, 2001, <mask> sent a letter to all U.S. airlines forbidding them from practicing racial profiling; or subjecting Middle Eastern or Muslim passengers to a heightened degree of pre-flight scrutiny. He stated that it was illegal for the airlines to discriminate against passengers based on their race, color, national or ethnic origin or religion. Subsequently, administrative enforcement actions were brought against three different airlines based on alleged contraventions of these rules, resulting in multimillion-dollar settlements.He showed his intention

masks: Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta


title: Norman Mineta

texts:
 "absolutely not" to implement racial screenings in reply to the question from Steve Kroft on 60 Minutes right after 9-11. He later recalled his decision "was the right thing (and) constitutional", based on his own experience as one of Japanese-Americans, those who had "lost the most basic human rights" by being discriminated against and interned during the Pacific War. The <mask> Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport in San Jose was named after him in November 2001 when <mask> was serving as Secretary of Transportation. The Mineta Transportation Institute, located at San Jose State University, and portions of California State Highway 85 are named after him. White House Press Secretary Tony Snow announced on June 23, 2006, that <mask> would resign effective July 7, 2006, because "he wanted to," with a spokesman for <mask> saying he was "moving on to pursue other challenges". He left office as the longest-serving Secretary of Transportation in history. After leaving the Bush administration

Hill & Knowlton announced on July 10, 2006, that <mask> would join the firm as vice chairman, effective July 24, 2006.In 2007, the Japanese government conferred him the Grand Cordon, Order of the Rising Sun. In December 2006, <mask> was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. On February 4, 2008, the day before the closely contested California Democratic Primary, <mask> endorsed Barack Obama. Beginning in summer 2008, <mask> began service as Chairman of a Panel of the National Academy of Public Administration overseeing a study of modernization efforts at the United States Coast Guard. Other notable members of the Panel include former Office of Personnel Management Director Janice Lachance and former NASA Administrator Sean O'Keefe. He served as the keynote speaker at the University of California, Berkeley's December Graduates

masks: Norman Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta Mineta


title: Norman Mineta

texts:
 Convocation on December 13, 2009. On August 10, 2010, he was named as Vice Chairman of L&L Energy (LLEN), which is headquartered in Seattle and operates coal mines and other facilities related to coal production in China.On April 30, 2011, <mask> served as the commencement speaker at Grand Valley State University's afternoon ceremony. In June 2010 <mask> was named Co-chair of the Joint Ocean Commission Initiative. In May 2014, Secretary <mask> was a guest speaker at a conference called "The Color of Citizenship." The conference consisted of discussions revolving around the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II and a comparison with the New York City Police Department's Stop and Frisk Policy following the 2001 terrorist attacks in America (specifically how the policy targeted the Sikh community). <mask> spoke at the Roosevelt House at Hunter College in New York regarding these issues. Awards
 L. Welch Pogue Award for Lifetime Achievement in Aviation, 1999. Tony Jannus Award, 2004
  Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement presented by Awards Council member and co-founder of Google, Larry Page, 2005
Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters (L.H.D.)degree from Whittier College (2002)
Chubb Fellowship at Yale University, 2015–2016. See also

 9/11 Commission Report
 List of U.S. political appointments that crossed party lines
 List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress
 <mask>ta International Airport in San Jose, named after him

References

External links

 The Mineta Legacy Project

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

|-

1931 births
20th-century American politicians
21st-century American politicians
American mayors of Japanese descent
American military personnel of Japanese descent
American politicians of Japanese descent
Berkeley Student Cooperative alumni
California

masks:
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Mineta
Norman Mine


title: Karl Linn

texts:
<mask> (March 11, 1923 – February 3, 2005) was an American landscape architect, psychologist, educator, and community activist, best known for inspiring and guiding the creation of "neighborhood commons" on vacant lots in East Coast inner cities during the 1960s through 1980s. Employing a strategy he called "urban barnraising," he engaged neighborhood residents, volunteer professionals, students, youth teams, social activists, and community gardeners in envisioning, designing, and constructing instant, temporary, and permanent gathering spaces in neighborhoods, on college campuses, and at sites of major conferences and events. "Linn is considered 'Father of American Participatory Architecture' by many academic colleagues and architectural and environmental experts of the National Endowment for the Arts." In the 1990s his focus shifted to creating commons in community gardens. Many of his pilot projects, designed to cultivate community and peace among people, are documented in his book Building Commons and Community (New Village Press, 2007). Youth

Early life in rural Germany

<mask> grew up on a fruit tree farm in Dessow, a small village  northwest of Berlin. His mother, Henriette (Henny) Rosenthal, had purchased the parcel of 20 morgen (over 12 acres) in 1913 from Eigene Scholle (literally: own soil), a company who, inspired by the land reform movement and the writings of Franz Oppenheimer, had bought and parceled the manor estate of Dessow.Henny designed and supervised the building of a house, planted orchards, and named the property the Immenhof (literally: "bee colony farm"). The bees in the 36 hives she kept were good pollinators. Her cherries, apples, pears, plums, and berries were eagerly awaited in Berlin marketplaces. The farm was also an accredited training center for gardeners and one of the first sites to practice horticultural therapy. The impact of living on a farm and seeing his mother and other women tilling the land stayed with <mask> throughout his life. In 1921 Henny married Josef Lin, a widower with three children, whom she adopted. Josef was Chief Librarian of the Jewish Community Center in Berlin.He

masks:
Karl Linn
Karl
Karl


title: Karl Linn

texts:
 had edited Hakeshet (The Rainbow), the first magazine of modern Hebrew writers and poets, published from 1903 to 1906, and wrote a seminal reference book on the evolution of the Hebrew press, first published in 1928 and still used today. The only Jews in their village, the Lins became a target for Nazi persecution. Josef was forced to flee to Palestine in 1933. Henny, <mask>, and his older sister, Bella, followed in 1934 after selling the Immenhof at about an eighth of its value. Youth in Palestine

The Lin family started a small farm near Haifa, and at age 14 <mask> left school to farm and support his parents, who had become too sick to work. He returned to school later when his parents moved inland to be close to <mask>'s older sister, Bella, and her family. <mask> graduated from the Kadoorie Agricultural High School, with specialization in landscape gardening.He put his skills to use as he joined 35 youth from the coeducational scout movement to found Kibbutz Maagan Michael. Although inspired by the vision of creating a new homeland, <mask> was sometimes puzzled and uneasy about how fellow Jews treated their Arab neighbors. At age 20, when a back injury limited his capacity to contribute physically to the work of the kibbutz, he moved to Tel Aviv to be closer to his brother Theo, who was guiding his intellectual development. There <mask> directed an elementary school gardening program that engaged students in growing food for their own lunches. Career

 Becoming a psychologist

Influenced by the writings of A. S. Neill and Wilhelm Reich, <mask> entered psychoanalysis to heal his personal wounds and become a more effective human being. He was driven by a desire to understand the roots of the prejudice, brutality, and fanaticism he had observed and experienced. At age 23, he moved to Switzerland and was trained as a psychoanalyst at the Institute for Applied Psychology in Zurich.He immigrated to New York in 1948, with the goal of engaging in the new body-oriented therapy developed by Wilhelm Reich. To further his education <mask> attended night classes at the New School for Social Research, studying with prominent

masks: Karl Karl Karl Karl Karl Karl Karl Karl


title: Karl Linn

texts:
 gestalt psychologists. Through one of his Swiss professors <mask> was introduced to social psychologist Lawrence K. Frank, who became an important mentor. Ellen Reece, a friend of Frank, hired <mask> as the founding director of the Reece School for emotionally disturbed children. <mask> also conducted a private practice as a child psychoanalyst. After 2 ½ years of Reichian therapy he decided to give up his work as a teacher and therapist so he could focus on his own therapeutic process. Eager to exercise his creativity he decided to re-enter landscape architecture, which he felt had potential as a healing profession.Private practice in landscape architecture

Starting as a laborer, <mask> gradually developed a landscape contracting business and later a highly respected private practice in landscape architecture. His most complex and prestigious project was designing an interior landscape for The Four Seasons Restaurant in the newly constructed Seagram Building. His ground-breaking work helped pave the way for the emerging field of large-scale interior landscape architecture. He designed landscapes for affluent owners of residential and corporate properties in and around Manhattan and along the Eastern seaboard. Despite critical acclaim, access to the highest quality materials, and the satisfaction of designing beautiful spaces, he was increasingly disturbed by the isolation of nuclear families that his designs reinforced and disheartened by the declining social relevance of his work. Professor of environmental design

In 1959 he decided to accept the invitation of Ian McHarg to join the Landscape Architecture department at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, as the second full-time faculty member. While McHarg was expanding landscape architecture by developing the science of physical ecology and applying it to regional planning, <mask> focused on the small-scale neighborhood environment, probing the intimate and qualitative relationships between people of all ages and their physical surroundings.<mask>'s innovative curriculum for the first-year graduate students engaged them as artists and philosophers, as

masks: Karl Karl Karl Karl Karl Karl


title: Karl Linn

texts: craftspersons, and as social activists. Wishing to nurture the development of livable neighborhood communities <mask> took his students into inner city neighborhoods where they provided community design-and-build service to the economically disenfranchised residents. Using a participatory process they engaged residents with volunteer professionals and work teams in envisioning, designing, and constructing "neighborhood commons"—combination park / playground / community gathering places – on derelict vacant lots. <mask> likened this "urban barnraising" to his experience as a young man in Palestine collaboratively building a kibbutz. While at Penn, <mask> developed a strong friendship with architect Louis Kahn, a fellow professor, who became another important mentor and supporter. When the dean argued that <mask> was confusing landscape architecture with social service, Kahn wrote him a letter explaining the value of <mask>'s approach to the students' development. Social philosopher Lewis Mumford was another Penn professor who encouraged <mask> in his work.The success of community-design-service education led <mask> to found and direct pioneering community design-and-build centers, which became models for the Domestic Peace Corps—the Neighborhood Renewal Corps Nonprofit Corporation of Philadelphia in 1961 and the Neighborhood Commons Nonprofit Corporation of Washington, D.C. in 1962. That same year he also developed the first landscape technicians training program for high school dropouts in Washington, D.C. Thereafter he inspired into being community design-and-build centers in eight other cities, and conducted community-design-service-education programs at various universities in the United States and abroad. For the next twenty-five years <mask> served on the faculties of prominent universities, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology and New Jersey Institute of Technology, promoting community landscape design and resource development in the service of social justice and peace. He was active in the American Society of Landscape Architects and gave lectures and workshops at conferences and universities throughout the


title: Karl Linn

texts:
 world. Mentors reflecting on <mask>'s work

"He [<mask>] is not merely a theorist, but a maker bent on expressing environmental validity through his natural adjustability and resourcefulness. His design tendencies are noble.He is often forced to use frugal means, but always rejects what is done through design only for design's sake." --Louis I. Kahn, architect, 1967

"If <mask>n can get his ideas recognized and applied, I believe we can have a profound improvement in city living and a reduction in the present untoward consequences of urban development which so completely overlooks children and youth and forgets about providing for people to live and enjoy living. "—Lawrence K. Frank, social psychologist, Belmont, Massachusetts, 1962 (Letter to Editor, published in Landscape Architecture.) "I am delighted with the vigorous ways you are challenging current clichés, not only in theory but in practice. I can plainly see, in the work you are doing, the fresh shoots that will flower in a new age." --Lewis Mumford, social philosopher and urban planner, 1961

 Working for peace

During his sabbatical in 1984, <mask> worked full-time for nuclear disarmament. In Chicago, he collaborated with colleagues from a number of different cities to found the national organization Architects/Designers/Planners for Social Responsibility (ADPSR)  and served as chair of its Committee on Education.In 1986 the urgency of that work convinced him to take an early retirement from his tenured position at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Drawing upon the "Despair and Empowerment" process developed by Buddhist scholar Joanna Macy and her colleagues, <mask> worked with groups of students and colleagues to stage conferences and other events to help members come to grips emotionally with the threat of nuclear war. They designed and constructed temporary indoor commons to humanize large institutional spaces and provide a welcoming space for participants could gather to share thoughts, feelings, and stories and give one another support. <mask> organized many charettes for the design of peace centers, gardens, and monuments and staged ceremonial peace

masks:
Karl
Karl
Karl Lin
Karl
Karl
Karl


title: Karl Linn

texts:
 tree plantings. At the 1986 annual meeting of the American Society of Landscape Architects in San Francisco he and colleagues created a program and small book called "The Emerging Landscape of Peace." They called on the organization to approve a policy recommending a nuclear-free future, which was passed by the Board. At the 1988 Congress of the International Federation of Landscape Architects in Boston, <mask> recruited 20 colleagues to present papers at workshops on "Places for Peace" and published them in a book by that name.Community garden commons on the West Coast

After glasnost initiated by Michael Gorbachev lessened the threat of nuclear holocaust, <mask> moved to the San Francisco Bay Area. In 1989 he collaborated with architect Carl Anthony, a long-time friend and colleague to found the Urban Habitat Program, initially sponsored by Earth Island Institute. Urban Habitat's mission was to develop multicultural environmental leadership and restore inner-city neighborhoods. Linn had previously inspired Anthony to coordinate the creation of a neighborhood commons in Harlem in 1963, and Anthony credits Linn with advocating for environmental justice two decades before the field had a name. <mask> served on the boards of San Francisco League of Urban Gardeners and Berkeley Partners for Parks and on the steering committee of Berkeley's Community Gardening Collaborative. He helped found East Bay Urban Gardeners and the People of Color Greening Network. <mask> often spoke and wrote about the need to reclaim the commons and counter the ongoing privatization of public lands.He viewed the destruction of community gardens in New York City as the final enclosure of the commons. He believed strongly that guidelines to secure public land for community gardens should be incorporated in cities' general plans as was done in Seattle. He worked hard to include such guidelines in Berkeley's General Plan, convinced that through the creation and use of accessible community garden commons, neighborhood blocks can become arenas for a new kind of extended family living. In 1993, for his 70th birthday, a community garden in north Berkeley was

masks: Karl Karl Karl Karl


title: Karl Linn

texts: dedicated in his name to honor his lifelong service to community and peace. During the next two years <mask> worked with volunteer wood artists, landscape architecture students, and AmeriCorps teams to revitalize the garden and add a handcrafted commons. With an overflowing wait list for plots in the refurbished Karl Linn Community Garden, he set his sights on a large weed-filled vacant lot across the street where the light rail tracks of the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) enter a tunnel. In 1995 he and City Council representative Linda Maio began to negotiate with BART for use of the land.<mask> proceeded to coordinate the envisioning, planning, and construction of the Peralta and Northside Community Art Gardens, where ecological innovations and works of art intermingle with lush vegetation. The circular commons of the Peralta Garden, surrounded by a mosaic Snake Bench and colorful native California plants, is widely used for meetings, workshops, and special events by neighbors and organizations. <mask> was actively involved in a local Jewish-Palestinian dialog group, which used the Peralta Commons for some of their activities, including the planting of a peace pole and dedication of the garden as a peace park. In 1999, <mask> collaborated with community and environmental activists, city officials, and other supporters to establish Berkeley's EcoHouse, purchasing a small run-down residence adjacent to the Karl Linn Community Garden and transforming it into a model of affordable ecological technologies. EcoHouse is now a project of the Ecology Center. The same year <mask> conceptualized the transformation of the nearby section of the Ohlone Greenway into an interpretive exhibit of the natural and cultural history of the area. Artists, teachers, designers, engineers, and native plant restorationists worked tirelessly to develop and construct exhibits that evoke the Spanish ranchero period, the agricultural era, and the rich culture of the Ohlone people, who inhabited the area for at least 10,000 years.A 24-yard-long mural "From Elk Tracks to BART Tracks" depicts the history of the neighborhood from pre-settlement to the

masks: Karl Karl Karl Karl Karl


title: Karl Linn

texts:
 present, serving as an enormous picture book and inspiring passers-by to stop, reflect, and converse. This cluster of commons projects contributes to the social and ecological vitality of the Westbrae neighborhood and is maintained and developed by the volunteer Friends of the Westbrae Commons. Works Building Commons and Community (2007 Oakland: New Village Press) (published posthumously)
"Reclaiming the Sacred Commons" (1999 New Village Journal, Issue 1)

 Documentation of Linn's life and work

In 2003 filmmaker Rick Bacigalupi released his hour-long documentary A Lot in Common chronicling the planning and construction of the Peralta Community Art Garden and Commons. The film, which includes commentary by Linn and by Paul Hawken, Ray Suarez, Jane Jacobs, Carl Anthony, and British scholar David Crouch, has aired on public television stations nationally in the United States, film festivals internationally, and Free Speech Television. On February 3, 2005 Linn died at home of acute mylogenous leukemia. His widow, Nicole Milner, continues to support the local commons projects Linn inspired and the website, karllinn.org, which records his life and work and provides a forum for creators of commons to share their projects. Linn's oral history was recorded by the Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley, and his archives are housed at the UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design.Many of his projects are documented in his book Building Commons and Community'' (New Village Press, 2007). References

External links

"<mask>n: Down-to-earth visionary" by Marilyn Berlin Snell, Sierra Magazine, May–June, 2001
Life and work of <mask>n -- "<mask>'s Journey: A Digital Media Biography" by Verona Fonte from Iris Arts and Education Group
<mask>n's oral history by Lisa Rubens of the Bancroft Library Regional Oral History Office
Excerpts from and information about Rick Bacigalupi's documentary film on the creation of the Peralta Community Art Garden Commons

1923 births
2005 deaths
American psychologists
American landscape architects
American pacifists
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
New Jersey Institute of Technology

masks:
Karl Lin
Karl Lin
Karl Linn
Karl Lin


title: Władysław Bartoszewski

texts:
<mask> (; 19 February 1922 – 24 April 2015) was a Polish politician, social activist, journalist, writer and historian. A former Auschwitz concentration camp prisoner, he was a World War II resistance fighter as part of the Polish underground and participated in the Warsaw Uprising. After the war he was persecuted and imprisoned by the communist Polish People's Republic due to his membership in the Home Army (Armia Krajowa, AK) and opposition activity. After the collapse of the communist regime, Bartoszewski served twice as the Minister of Foreign Affairs from March through December 1995 and again from 2000 to 2001. He was also an ambassador and a member of the Polish Senate. Bartoszewski was a close ally and friend of Polish anti-Communist activist and later president Lech Wałęsa. Bartoszewski was a chevalier of the Order of the White Eagle, an honorary citizen of Israel, and a member of the International Honorary Council of the European Academy of Diplomacy.Early life
<mask> was born in Warsaw to a Catholic family. He studied at Saint Stanisław Kostka Secondary School. In 1939 he graduated from The Humanist High School of the Roman Catholic Future Educational Society in Warsaw. World War II
In September 1939, Bartoszewski took part in the civil defense of Warsaw as a stretcher-bearer. From May 1940, he worked in the first social clinic of the Polish Red Cross in Warsaw. On 19 September 1940, Bartoszewski was detained in the Warsaw district of Żoliborz during a surprise round-up of members of the public (łapanka), along with some 2,000 civilians (among them, Witold

masks:
Władysław Bartoszewski
Bartoszewski


title: Władysław Bartoszewski

texts: Govrin will later write: "<mask> Bartoszewski will always be remembered as an individual who greatly contributed to the strengthening of Polish-Israeli ties, well before diplomatic ties were renewed and well after. From November to December 1963, Bartoszewski lived in Austria, where he entered into communication with Austrian intellectual and political societies. In November 1963, he begun his cooperation with Radio Free Europe. In the next years, he was traveling to the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Israel and the United States, where he got in touch mainly with some of the representatives of Polish emigration (among others with Jan Nowak-Jeziorański, Jan Karski, Czesław Miłosz and Gustaw Herling-Grudziński). In 1969–73, Bartoszewski served as the chairman of the Warsaw Department of the Society of Book Lovers (Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Książki) and in December 1969 he was appointed a member of the board of the Polish PEN.From 1972 to 1983, he served as the chief secretary of the Polish PEN. In 1973–82, and again in 1984–85, Bartoszewski lectured as a senior lecturer (the counterpart of vice-professor). His lectures concerned modern history (with the special emphasis on the war and occupation) in the Institute of Modern History on the Humanistic Science Department of KUL (Catholic University of Lublin). In December 1981, he was an active participant in the First Polish Culture Congress, which was interrupted by the enforcement of martial law in Poland. In 1983–1984 and 1986–1988, Bartoszewski lectured at the Institute of Political Science Faculty of


title: Władysław Bartoszewski

texts: in Western countries, Bartoszewski was forbidden to publish his works in Poland (until autumn 1974). He also fell victim to searches, denials of passport and distributing forgeries). In 1974, he was engaged in activity focusing on reprieving the convicted members of the  organization (among others Stefan Niesiołowski and Andrzej Czuma). In January 1976, as one of the first, Bartoszewski signed the letter of intellectualists protesting against the introduction of changes into the constitution of the People's Republic of Poland. He helped establish the Society for Educational Courses and he lectured at the "Flying University". On 21 August 1980, Bartoszewski signed the intellectuals' letter to the protesting workers from the Polish coast. During 1980/1981 he was a member of Solidarity.After announcing martial law on 13 December 1981, he was a detainee in Białołęka prison and later in the Internment Center in Jaworze at Drawsko Pomorskie Military Training Area. He was released on 28 April 1982 due to the support from intellectual communities from Poland and from abroad. In 1981, Edward Raczyński, the President of Poland in exile, proposed <mask> as his successor so Bartoszewski could become president in exile after his resignation. Raczyński, according to his own words, wanted someone from the country and not the emigre circles as well as with strong ties to the opposition in Poland. <mask>, however, graciously refused. In 1987 Raczyński's final successor, Kazimierz Sabbat, also proposed Batoszewski be nominated, but he declined. Had he accepted the position, he would have

masks: Bartoszewski Bartoszewski


title: Władysław Bartoszewski

texts:
 prestigious universities, including the renowned KUL (John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin), which lists Bartoszewski as a reader in modern history (and chair of Polish Postwar History) in the Faculty of Humanities, 1973–1985, and awarded him an honorary doctorate in 2008. From April 2009 he was a council member of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Foundation. In July 2010 he became a member of the International Council of the Austrian Service Abroad. At a joint conference of the Polish Institute of International Affairs (PISM) and the Israel Council on Foreign Relations (ICFR) held in Warsaw in November 2017, ICFR director Laurence Weinbaum paid tribute to Bartoszewski and said he had played an important role in developing relations between Poland and Israel: "At a time when in certain quarters we are witness to shameless opportunism and the grotesque obfuscation of history, his legacy resonates especially strongly. Bartoszewski taught people that bellicose jingoism and intolerance should not be confused with the true love of one's country and that a society that gives way to its basest instincts is doomed to ruin." Personal life
<mask> <mask> was first married to Antonina Mijal, but that marriage ended in divorce.He later married Zofia Bartoszewska in 1967; they remained married until his death in 2015. His son, <mask> Teofil Bartoszewski, was born in 1955. He is an academic historian who has written on Polish Jewish history. He is the author of the 1991 book, The Convent at Auschwitz, George Braziller, . On 24 April 2015, Bartoszewski was admitted to a Warsaw hospital, dying

masks: Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław


title: Władysław Bartoszewski

texts:
 shortly after arrival of a heart attack, aged 93. Flags at the parliament were lowered to half-staff in Bartoszewski's honor. Bartoszewski was survived by wife Zofia and son <mask> Teofil.Bartoszewski's funeral was on 4 May and was buried at Powązki Military Cemetery. Publications

English
1968 Warsaw Death Ring: 1939–1944, Interpres. 1969 Righteous Among Nations: How Poles Helped the Jews 1939–1945, ed. with Zofia Lewin, Earlscourt Pub, UK;, . 1970  The Samaritans: Heroes of the Holocaust, ed. with Zofia Lewin, Twayne Publishers, New York. 1988 The Warsaw Ghetto: A Christian's Testimony, Beacon Press; .1991 The Jews in Warsaw: A History, ed. with Antony Polonsky, Blackwell Publishing; . Polish
Konspiracyjne Varsaviana poetyckie 1939–1944: zarys informacyjny (Warszawa 1962)
Organizacja małego sabotażu "Wawer" w Warszawie (1940–1944) (1966)
Ten jest z Ojczyzny mojej. Polacy z pomocą Żydom 1939–1945 (oprac. wspólnie z Zofią Lewinówną; Znak 1967, 1969)
Warszawski pierścień śmierci 1939–1944 (1967, 1970; ponadto wydania w języku angielskim 1968 i niemieckim 1970)
Kronika wydarzeń w Warszawie 1939–1949 (oprac. ; wespół z Bogdanem Brzezińskim i Leszkiem Moczulskim; Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe 1970)
Ludność cywilna w Powstaniu Warszawskim. Prasa, druki ulotne i inne publikacje powstańcze t. I-III (oprac.; praca zbiorowa; Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy 1974)
1859 dni Warszawy (introduction by Aleksander Gieysztor; bibliography of W. Bartoszewski by Zofia Steczowicz-Sajderowa; index by Zofia Bartoszewska; Znak 1974; 2nd edition expanded: 1984, )
Polskie Państwo Podziemne


title: Władysław Bartoszewski

texts:
 wywiady, styczeń-lipiec 2001 (Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych 2001, )
Moja Jerozolima, mój Izrael. <mask> Bartoszewski w rozmowie z Joanną Szwedowską (posłowie: Andrzej Paczkowski; Rosner i Wspólnicy 2005, )
Władysław Bartoszewski: wywiad-rzeka (rozmowy z Michałem Komarem; Świat Książki 2006, )
Dziennik z internowania. Jaworze 15 December 1981 – 19 April 1982 (Świat Książki 2006)
Pisma wybrane 1942–1957, Tom I (Universitas 2007, )

German
Die polnische Untergrundpresse in den Jahren 1939 bis 1945 (Druckerei und Verlagsanstalt, Konstanz 1967)
Das Warschauer Ghetto wie es wirklich war. Zeugenbericht eines Christen (1983; also American and English edition)
Herbst der Hoffnungen: Es lohnt sich, anständig zu sein (Herder 1983; ; 1984, ; 1986, )
Aus der Geschichte lernen?Aufsätze und Reden zur Kriegs- und Nachkriegsgeschichte Polens (foreword: Stanisław Lem; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1986)
Uns eint vergossenes Blut. Juden und Polen in der Zeit der Endlösung (1987)
Polen und Juden in der Zeit der "Endlösung" (Informationszentrum im Dienste der christlich-jüdischen Verständigung, Wien 1990; )
Kein Frieden ohne Freiheit. External links

<mask> Bartoszewski – Blog
Address by the former Foreign Minister of Poland Wladislaw <mask> at the ceremony of the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the concentration camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, 27 January 2005 see page 156, 157
<mask> Bartoszewski – Interviews about Polish-Jewish relations
About <mask> <mask> at Yad Vashem website
 Audio recordings with <mask> <mask> in the Online Archive of the Österreichische Mediathek

masks: Władysław Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Władysław Bartoszewski Władysław Bartoszewski


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
<mask> is a former Lead Economist (retired) of the World Bank. He directed and managed research on transparency, trade facilitation, regulation, and economic development. Mr. <mask> served in the Development Research Group of the World Bank and also in operations in the Infrastructure Vice Presidency. Background
<mask> was born in Lakewood, Ohio and graduated from The College of Wooster in 1978 where he was a seven time All American (NCAA Division III) in swimming. He graduated from Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs in New York in 1984 with a master's degree in International Affairs (MIA). Career
<mask><mask> joined the World Bank Group in 1999 and directed empirical and policy research on trade facilitation, aid effectiveness, and regulatory reform issues, as they relate to economic development. <mask> also provides expertise in Bank operations and spent two years in the Bank’s Infrastructure Vice Presidency.He participated in Bank projects under preparation and completed totaling over $1.3 billion. <mask> also provided leadership for the Bank in the establishment of the inter-agency Standards and Trade Development Facility. He also developed the initial concept for the Bank’s Trade Facilitation Facility in 2009 and is a member of the Facility’s Program Committee. <mask> is currently working with the Trade Department in the establishment of a new public-private partnership on “Aid for Trade Facilitation” for the Bank. Details can be found at

masks:
John Sullivan Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Wilson
Wilson
Wilson


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
 https://web.archive.org/web/20081006185119/http://econ.worldbank.org/projects/trade_costs

Prior to joining the World Bank, <mask> was Vice President for Technology Policy at the Information Technology Industry Council in Washington, D.C. from 1995–99. At ITI <mask> was a corporate officer and member of the senior management team. He had management responsibility and budget responsibility for regulatory affairs standards, and technical trade barriers.During this period he was on the U.S. Steering Committee for the Transatlantic Business Dialogue and involved in preparations for extension of the Information Technology Agreement of the WTO to non-tariff barriers to trade related to standards and regulation. Mr. <mask> has also been a Visiting Fellow at the Institute for International Economics. He served as a Senior Staff Officer at the U.S. National Academies of Sciences and Engineering and National Research Council. While at the Academies, he provided leadership in establishing the Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy and directed Management responsibilities include finance and supervision of professional staff. Duties included congressional, executive branch, private sector, and liaison with foreign governments. Directed several major policy studies, including; policy dialogues for the White House National Economic Council (NEC) on the economics of U.S. technology policy, the 1995 report Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century at the request of the U.S. Congress, and the "Technology and Industrial

masks: Wilson Wilson Wilson


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
 Modernization of the Mexican Economy" project.From 1989 to 1992, designed and directed the Academies’ research project on Civilian Technology. Responsible for economic analysis and writing of final report, as well as financial, and staff management. The project, requested by the U.S. Congress in the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988, resulted in the book: The Government Role in Civilian Technology: Building a New Alliance, published by the National Academy Press in 1992. The report provided detailed analysis and policy recommendations related to the economic returns to government investment in civilian R&D, industrial technology development and transfer. <mask> was an Adjunct Professor of International Affairs at Georgetown University, School of Foreign Service during 1993–94. He developed and taught a course on "International Technology and Corporate Strategy," Karl F. Landegger Program on International Business Diplomacy, Graduate School and also co-taught a course on “Technology Policy and Economic Competitiveness.”

Selected publications

Chapters in Books
 “Cutting Trade Costs and Improved Business Facilitation in South Asia,” with Tsunehiro Otsuki, in South Asia Growth and Regional Integration, <mask> Ahmed and Ejaz Ghani. New Delhi: Macmillan India Ltd. 2007
 "Trade Faciltiation Reform and International Trade.The Case of Mexico." With A. Mejia and Isidro <mask>, in A. Ortega Venzor, J.L. Paz Vega and R. Nuñez Gonzalez, eds.,Políticas Públicas para el Crecimiento y Desarrollo. Mexico City: Editorial Porrua SA de CV. 2007.

masks: Wilson Sadiq Soloaga


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts: "Introduction: A Review of Key Issues" with <mask>, in <mask> and <mask><mask>, eds, The WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited 2005."Trade Facilitation and Standards in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Overview.,” with Victor O. Abiola, in <mask><mask> and Victor Abiola, eds, Standards and Trade: A Voice for Africa. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2003. "Balancing Risk Reduction and Benefits from Trade in Setting Standards" with Tsunehiro Otsuki, in Laurian Unnevehr, eds.,Overcoming Water Scarcity and Quality Constraints. Washington, D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2003. "Standards, Regulation and Trade: WTO Rules and Developing Country Concerns." In Bernard Hoekman, Philip English, Aaditiya Mattoo, eds., Development, Trade and the WTO: A Handbook. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2002.“An Empirical Framework for Analyzing Technical Regulations and Trade" with Keith Maskus and Tsunehiro Otsuki, in,Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: Can It Be Done? Keith Maskus and <mask><mask> (eds. ): University of Michigan Press. 2001. "A Review of Past Attempts and the New Policy Context,” with Keith Maskus in Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: Can It Be Done?. Keith Maskus and <mask><mask> (eds. ): University of Michigan Press.2001. "Measuring the Effect of Food Safety Standards on African Exports to Europe." with Tsunehiro Otsuki and Mirvat <mask>h. In, eds.,The Economics of Quarantine and the SPS Agreement, Kym Anderson, Cheryl McRae and <mask> (eds.). : Centre for

masks:
Spencer Henson
Spencer Henson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Sewade
David Wilson


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
 International Economic Studies, Adelaide and AFFA Biosecurity Australia, Canberra.. 2000. “Regulatory Reform, Trade, and Telecommunications Goods and Services,” in Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy: Asian and Latin American Perspectives (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), June 1998
 "Technical Regulations and Trade: New Developments and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum”, in <mask>. McIntyre ed., Japan’s Technical Standards: Implications for Global Trade and Competitiveness (Greenwood Publishing), 1997
 “Telecommunications Liberalization: The Goods and Services Connection” in Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Erika Wada ed., Unfinished Business: Telecommunications after the Uruguay Round (Institute for International Economics), 1997. “Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: New Developments and the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum,” in R. Hooley, M. Dutta, A. Nasution, and M. Pangestu ed., Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation: Theory and Policy (Greenwich CT: JAI Press Inc.), 1996
 “Eliminating Barriers to Trade in Telecommunications and Information Technology Goods and Services: Next Steps in Multilateral and Regional Liberalization Efforts,” in Regulatory Reform and International Market Openness (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), November 1996.“Technology and Industrial Modernization in Mexico," in Aspectos Tecnologicos de la Modernizacion Industrial de Mexico (Fundo de Cultura Economica), March 1995. “New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade: A Conference


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
 Summary,” with  <mask>. Godfrey and Holly Grell-Lawe,  in Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy ed., Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade: Into the 21st Century (Washington D.C.: National Academy Press), 1995. Edited volumes
 Trade Facilitation and Economic Development, Editor with Jean-Christophe Maur, Edward Elgar (forthcoming). The WTO and Technical Barriers to Trade. Editor with <mask>, Edward Elgar, 2005. Standards and Global Trade:  A Voice for Africa. Editor with Victor O. Abiola, Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2003.Quantifying the Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade: Can It Be Done, Editor with Keith Maskus, Studies in International Economics Series, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 2001. Journal articles
 “Beyond the Information Technology Agreement: Harmonization of Standards and Trade in Electronic Products” (2010) with Daniel Reyes and <mask><mask>, The World Economy (forthcoming). “EU Accession and Trade Facilitation: Setting Priorities Post-Crisis,” (2010) Harry Broadman, Xubei Luo, and <mask><mask>, Journal of International Commerce, Economics, and Policy (forthcoming). “Trade Facilitation in ASEAN Member Countries: Measuring Progress and Assessing Priorities,” <mask> and <mask><mask>, Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 20 Issue 4, September 2009. “Why trade facilitation matters to Africa,” Alberto Portugal-Perez and <mask><mask>, World Trade Review, Volume 8, Issue 3, July 2009, pp. 379–416.“Help or Hindrance: The Impact of Harmonized Standards on African Exports,” Witold Czbala, <mask>, and <mask><mask>,

masks:
John M
Spencer Henson
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Ben Shepherd
John S
. Wilson
John S
. Wilson
Ben Shepherd
John S
. Wilson


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
 Journal of African Economies, March 2009. “Transparency, Trade Costs, and Regional Integration in the Asia-Pacific” with Matthias Helble and <mask>, The World Economy, Volume 32, Issue 3, March 2009, pp. 479–508. “Trade, Transparency, and Welfare in the Asia Pacific,” with Kazutomo Abe, Journal of International Economic Studies, Vol. 12 No. 2, December 2008, pages 35–78. “Standards and Export Decisions: Firm-level Evidence from Developing Countries,” with Maggie Chen and Tsunehiro Otsuki, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, Vol.17 Issue 4, pp. 501–523, January 2008. "Road Infrastructure in Europe and Central Asia: Does Network Quality Affect Trade?”  With Benjamin A.<mask>, Journal of Economic Integration, Vol. 22, No. 4, December 2007, pp. 723–747. “Standards and Developing Country Exports: A Review of Selected Studies and Suggestions for Future Research, Journal of Agricultural Trade and International Development, Volume 4, No.1, 2007, pp. 35–45..
 "Implementing a Trade Facilitation Agreement in the WTO: What Makes Sense?”. With J. Michael Finger., Pacific Economic Review 12(3): 5–355, 2007. "Assessing the Benefits of Trade Facilitation:  A Global Perspective,” with Tsunehiro Otsuki and Catherine L. Mann, World Economy 28(6): 841–871, 2005. “To Spray or Not to Spray: Pesticides, Banana Exports, and Food Safety. "with Tsunehiro Otsuki. Food Policy 29(2): 131–146, 2004.“Balancing Food Safety and Risk: Do Drug Residue Limits Affect Trade in Beef?” with Bashali Majumdsar and Tsunehiro Otsuki, Journal of International Trade and

masks:
Ben Shepherd
Shepherd


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
 Economic Development, Volume 12 (4) pp. 377–402, 2003. “Trade Facilitation and Economic Development: A New Approach to Measuring the Impact.<mask>, <mask>., Catherine Mann, and Tsunehiro Otsuki, World Bank Economic Review 17(3): 367–389, 2003. "Food Safety and Trade: Winners and Losers in a Non-Harmonized World." With Tsunehiro Otsuki, Journal of Economic Integration 18(2): 266–287, 2003. "Trade and Standards: A Look at Central America" with Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Barbara Kotschwar, The World Economy, Vol. 25, pp.991–1018, 2002. "Saving Two in a Billion: Quantifying the Trade Effect of European Food Safety Standards on African Exports." With Tsunehiro Otsuki and Mirvat <mask>,  Food Policy, #26, 2001. "What Price Precaution? European Harmonization of Aflatoxin Regulations and African Food Exports.”  With Tsunehior Otsuki, and Mirvat <mask>, European Review of Agricultural Economics 28, 2001. "The New Trade Agenda: Technology, Standards, and Technical Barriers," SAIS Review, 16(1), 1996. Other Publications, and Selected Working Papers and Dissemination of Research
 “Aid Effectiveness: Why Trade Facilitation is Important,” with Benjamin Taylor, Research Issue Brief, World Bank, June 2010.“The APEC Agenda Going Forward,” with Benjamin Taylor, Research Issue Brief, June 2010. “Highly Targeted, Policy Oriented Aid for Trade is Most Effective in Stimulating Trade Flows,” with Benjamin Taylor, Research Issue Brief, World Bank, May 2009. “Export Performance and Trade Facilitation Reform: Hard and Soft Infrastructure” with Alberto Portugal-Perez, World

masks:
” Wilson
John S
Sewadeh
Sewadeh


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts: 2008. “Trade Costs in Africa: Barriers and Opportunities for Reform,” with Alberto Portugal-Perez, World Bank Working Paper #4719, September 2008. “Trade Facilitation in ASEAN Member Countries: Measuring Progress and Assessing Priorities,” with <mask>, World Bank Working Paper #4615, May 2008. "Transparency and Trade Facilitation in the Asia Pacific: Estimating the Gains from Reform". Barton, A.C.T. : The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, with Benjamin A., <mask> and Matthias Helble. 2007.“Trade Facilitation: Challenges and Opportunities in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union,” in From Disintegration to Reintegration: Europe and the Former Soviet Union in International Trade, World Bank 2006. “Trade Facilitation Reform and Competitiveness,” Competitiveness,” with Isidro <mask> and A Mejia, in Mexico Competitiveness: Reaching its Potential, World Bank, March 2006. "Trade Facilitation: Why it Matters to APEC and What Next”, APEC Economies Newsletter, Australian National University, September 2006. "Trade Facilitation and Economic Development." World Trade Brief  46–48, 2005. “Trade and Transport Facilitation: European Accession and Capacity Building Priorities,” with  Xubei Luo and Harry G. Broadman, European Conference of Ministers of Transport and OECD Research Center, 2005. “Standards and Agricultural Trade: A Primer and Background Readings,” with <mask>. Henson, 2003 (mimeo).“Balancing Risk Reduction and Benefits from Trade in Setting Standards,”with Tsunehiro Otsuki, 2020 Vision Briefs, 10 No. 6, IFPRI, 2003. “Reducing Transport

masks:
Ben Shepherd
Shepherd
Soloaga
Spencer J


title: John S. Wilson (economist)

texts:
 Costs in an Era of Security”, with <mask> Bagai, Carsten Fink, in Global Economic Prospects 2004: Realizing the Development Promise of the Doha Agenda- Chapter Five (The World Bank), 2003. “Trade Facilitation: A Development Perspective in the Asia-Pacific Region Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation,” with Catherine Mann, Yuen Pau Woo, Nizar Assanie and Inbom Choi, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, 2002. “Bridging the Standards Divide: Recommendations for Reform from a Development Perspective,” background paper, The World Development Report 2002: Building Institutions for Markets, The World Bank, September 2001. "Agriculture in the WTO: The Role of Product Attributes in the Agricultural Negotiations”, <mask>, <mask>., Donna Roberts, Laurian Unnevehr, Julie Caswell, <mask>, Tsunehiro Otsuki, and David Orden,. International Cultural Trade Research Consortium, Commission Paper #17, 2001."The Development Challenge in Trade: Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards”, Paper for the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards Committee, June 2000
 "Cutting through Red Tape: New Directions for APEC's Trade Facilitation Agenda", with Yuen Pau Woo, Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada,Vancouver: APEC, 2000. “Regulatory Reform, Trade, and Telecommunications Goods and Services,” in Regulatory Reform in the Global Economy: Asian and Latin American Perspectives (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), June 1998

Selected Research Work in Process
 “Aid for Trade: Building on Progress to Date,” with Bernard Hoekman. “Pre-Shipment Inspection Programs and

masks:
Shta
Wilson
John S
Ian Sheldon


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts: <mask> (born October 22, 1962) is an American actor, comedian, writer, director, and producer. He is best known for his role as the unscrupulous lawyer Saul Goodman on the AMC crime drama series Breaking Bad and its spin-off Better Call Saul, for which he received four nominations for Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series. He is also known for the HBO sketch comedy series Mr. Show with <mask> and David, which he co-created and starred in with fellow comic and friend David Cross. From the late 1980s to 1990s, Odenkirk wrote for television shows Saturday Night Live and The Ben Stiller Show, winning Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series in 1989 and 1993. He also wrote for Late Night with Conan O'Brien and Get a Life and acted in a recurring role as Agent Stevie Grant in The Larry Sanders Show. In the early 2000s, Odenkirk discovered the comedy duo Tim & Eric and produced their television series Tom Goes to the Mayor and Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! He directed three films, Melvin Goes to Dinner (2003), Let's Go to Prison (2006), and The Brothers Solomon (2007).He was also an executive producer of the sketch comedy show The Birthday Boys, developing the show with the comedy group after seeing their work at the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre in Los Angeles. In 2015, he and David Cross reunited, along with the rest of the Mr. Show cast, for W/ Bob & David on Netflix. Odenkirk co-wrote, produced, and starred in the Netflix original film Girlfriend's Day which was released in 2017. The success of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul led to acting work in high-profile projects, such as Nebraska, directed by Alexander Payne; Fargo, written and created by Noah Hawley; The Post, directed by Steven Spielberg; Disney/Pixar's Incredibles 2, written and directed by Brad Bird; and Little Women, written and directed by Greta Gerwig. In 2021, Odenkirk starred in the action film Nobody,

masks:
Robert John Odenkirk
Bob


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts:
 to positive reviews. Early life
Odenkirk was born in Berwyn, Illinois, then raised in Naperville. He is one of seven siblings born to Walter Henry <mask>, who was employed in the printing business, and Barbara Mary (Baier) <mask>, Catholics of German and Irish descent.His parents divorced in part due to Walter's alcoholism, which influenced <mask>'s decision to avoid alcohol as much as possible. He describes his father as "remote, fucked-up, and not around". Odenkirk would later say that he grew up "hating" Naperville because "it felt like a dead end, like Nowheresville. I couldn't wait to move into a city and be around people who were doing exciting things." <mask> died of bone cancer in 1986, and Barbara died on November 30, 2021. Odenkirk's younger brother is comedy writer Bill Odenkirk. <mask> had helped with Bill's early career.Odenkirk attended Naperville North High School and graduated at 16; he was "tired of high school", and because he had enough credits, he was able to leave high school when he was still a junior. Because he was so young and thought he would be awkward at any college, he decided to attend the local College of DuPage in Glen Ellyn, Illinois. After a year, he went to Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then transferred to Southern Illinois University in Carbondale, Illinois, "honing his sketch-writing and performance skills with live shows on both colleges' radio stations". He began his foray into comedy writing as a radio DJ for WIDB, the local non-broadcast college station at SIU. At WIDB he created a late-night (midnight to 4 am) radio comedy show called The Prime Time Special. After three years of college, Odenkirk was three credits short of graduating when he decided to try writing and improv in Chicago. He completed the credits at Columbia College Chicago and received his bachelor's degree from SIU in 1984.First studying with Del Close, Odenkirk attended the Players Workshop where

masks:
Odenkirk
Odenkirk
Bob
Walter Odenkirk
Bob


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts:
 he met Robert Smigel, and they began a collaboration that would last for years and take Odenkirk to Saturday Night Live. He also performed at the Improv Olympic alongside notable comedians Chris Farley and Tim Meadows. Odenkirk visited Chicago's Second City Theater at the age of fourteen. He said his strongest comedic influence was Monty Python's Flying Circus, primarily due to its combination of cerebral humor and verbal slapstick, which Odenkirk characterized as “laugh-out-loud” humor. Other influences included radio personality Steve Dahl, SCTV, Steve Martin's Let's Get Small, Woody Allen, The Credibility Gap, and <mask> and Ray. Career

1980s–1990s: Saturday Night Live, writing and Mr. Show
Odenkirk was hired as a writer at Saturday Night Live in 1987 and worked there through 1991. Working alongside Robert Smigel and Conan O'Brien, he contributed to many sketches they created, but felt uncertain of the efficacy of his own writing at the show.When SNL took its 1988 summer break, <mask> returned to Chicago to perform a stage show with Smigel and O'Brien, titled Happy Happy Good Show. The following summer he did a one-man show, Show-Acting Guy, directed by Tom Gianas. During his final summer hiatus, he wrote and acted in the Second City Mainstage show, Flag Burning Permitted in Lobby Only. In that particular show, he wrote the character "Matt Foley, Motivational Speaker", for Chris Farley, which would later be reprised on SNL. He acted in several small roles on the show, most visibly during a 1990 parody commercial for Bad Idea Jeans. During his final year at SNL, he worked alongside Adam Sandler, David Spade, Chris Rock and Chris Farley, but eventually he decided to leave the show in order to pursue performing. He has credited SNL with teaching him many lessons about sketch writing, from senior writers like Jim Downey and Al Franken, as well as his friends Smigel and O'Brien.In 1991, <mask> was hired to write for the

masks: Bob Odenkirk Odenkirk


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts: TV show Get a Life, which starred Late Night with David Letterman alumnus Chris Elliott. He wrote for The Dennis Miller Show. <mask>'s friendship with Ben Stiller, with whom he briefly shared an office at SNL, would lead to his being hired for the cast of The Ben Stiller Show in 1992. Working as both a writer and actor on the show, he created and starred in the memorable sketch "Manson Lassie", and helped the show win an Emmy Award for writing. However, the show had already been canceled by the time it won the award. Odenkirk served as a writer on Late Night with Conan O'Brien for the show's 1993 and 1994 seasons. Odenkirk met David Cross at Ben Stiller; shortly afterward, the pair began performing live sketch shows, which eventually evolved into Mr. Show with <mask> and David.In 1993, <mask> began a recurring role on The Larry Sanders Show as Larry Sanders' agent, Stevie Grant. He would continue the character through 1998. Also in 1993, he had brief acting roles on Roseanne and Tom Arnold's The Jackie Thomas Show. Odenkirk's first movie roles were very minor parts in films such as Wayne's World 2, The Cable Guy, Can't Stop Dancing and Monkeybone. Created by <mask> and David Cross, Mr. Show ran on HBO for four seasons. The series featured a number of comedians in the early stages of their careers, including Sarah Silverman, Paul F. Tompkins, Jack Black, Tom Kenny, Mary Lynn Rajskub, Brian Posehn and Scott Aukerman. While nominated for multiple Emmy awards in writing and generally well-liked by critics, it never broke out of a "cult" audience into larger mainstream acceptance due to being a premium cable show.After Mr. Show, <mask> and David and the writers from the staff wrote the movie Run, Ronnie, Run. The film was an extension of a sketch from the first season of the show. However, the studio took production control away from Cross and Odenkirk during the editing stages, and the pair disowned the final product. Early

masks: Odenkirk Bob Odenkirk Odenkirk Bob


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts:
 2000s: After Mr. Show

<mask> starred in numerous television shows and some films. He has written and produced many TV pilots, including The Big Wide World of Carl Laemke and David's Situation, but none have made it to air or been picked up as a series. In 2003, <mask> directed Melvin Goes to Dinner and played the role of Keith. The film received positive reviews from critics and won the Audience Award at the SXSW Film and Music Festival.It was later self-released in five cities, then distributed on DVD by Sundance. In 2004, Odenkirk received an unsolicited package including the work of Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim. Inspired by their unique voice, he connected with them and helped them develop a semi-animated show for Adult Swim called Tom Goes to the Mayor. He assisted Tim and Eric with the development of their second series, Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job. He had a number of small featuring roles on TV shows, including Everybody Loves Raymond, Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist, NewsRadio,  Just Shoot Me!, Joey, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Arrested Development, Entourage, Weeds, and How I Met Your Mother. Odenkirk was considered for the role of Michael Scott in the pilot of The Office, a role that ultimately went to Steve Carell. Odenkirk finally guested in the final season of The Office as a Philadelphia manager strongly reminiscent of Michael Scott.In 2006, Odenkirk directed Let's Go to Prison, which was written by Thomas Lennon and Robert Ben Garant, and starred Will Arnett, Dax Shepard and Chi McBride. The film received a 12% "All Critics" score from the website Rotten Tomatoes and had a total box office gross of a little more than US$4.6 million. The following year Odenkirk directed The Brothers Solomon, written by Will Forte and starring Forte, Will Arnett and Kristen Wiig. The film received a 15% "All Critics" score from Rotten Tomatoes and had a total box office gross of approximately $1 million. 2009–2014:

masks: Odenkirk Odenkirk


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts:
 Breaking Bad

In 2009, Odenkirk joined the cast of AMC's Breaking Bad as corrupt lawyer Saul Goodman. Writer Peter Gould, as well as several others, had been quickly drawn to Odenkirk for this role based on his Mr. Show performances. The Goodman role was only intended to cover a three-episode guest spot in the second season, but Odenkirk's performance led Gould and Vince Gilligan to extend the character as an ongoing role.Odenkirk became a series regular as Goodman for the show's third through fifth and final season. In 2011, Odenkirk wrote and developed Let's Do This! for Adult Swim, starring as Cal Mackenzie-Goldberg a "two-bit movie mogul and head of Cal-Gold Pictures as he leads a collection of crazy, fame-hungry strivers chasing Hollywood dreams". The pilot can be seen on Adult Swim's website. Odenkirk executive produced the sketch comedy show The Birthday Boys, which starred the comedy group of the same name. Odenkirk also appeared in and directed a number of the sketches on the show. It premiered on IFC on October 18, 2013.In 2014, Odenkirk played Police Chief Bill Oswalt in FX's miniseries Fargo. In fall of 2014, Odenkirk played Dr. Stork, a podiatrist who specializes in cutting off people's toes, in Adult Swim's anthology series Tim & Eric's Bedtime Stories. After starring in Breaking Bad, Odenkirk began to have more prominent roles in critically successful films, such as Incredibles 2, Little Women, The Post, The Disaster Artist, The Spectacular Now, which received the Special Jury Award for Acting at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival, and the Alexander Payne-directed Nebraska, which was nominated for a Palme d'Or at the 2013 Cannes Film Festival. 2015–present: Better Call Saul and film work

It was reported in April 2015 that Odenkirk was teaming with former co-star David Cross to produce a new sketch comedy series based on their previous production, Mr. Show, called W/ <mask> and David. The series was


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts: commissioned by Netflix with the first season having been released in November 2015, featuring four 30-minute-long episodes, along with an hour-long behind-the-scenes special. Odenkirk and Cross both write, star in and produce the show. Odenkirk has expressed interest in doing more seasons.<mask> stars in the title role of Better Call Saul, a Breaking Bad spinoff. Primarily set in 2002, six years before the character's debut in Breaking Bad, the series follows lawyer Saul Goodman's journey from court-appointed defense attorney origins to his eventual status as a successful, though unscrupulous, criminal defense lawyer. He is also credited as a producer for the series. The first season consists of ten 47-minute-long episodes, with a second and third season of ten episodes apiece following in early 2016 and 2017, respectively. The fourth season was available on Netflix as of February 9, 2020, and the fifth season premiered on AMC on February 23, 2020. The show will have a final sixth season, which started production in February 2020 but delayed due to COVID-19, is expected to air in the first quarter of 2022. <mask> has been nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for four of the series' five seasons.Odenkirk co-wrote, produced and starred in Girlfriend's Day, a Netflix original film. This film-noir comedy about a greeting card writer was directed by Michael Stephenson and influenced by Chinatown. It was a movie Odenkirk had wanted to make for 16 years, after Mr. Show writer Eric Hoffman sent him the original script and they began developing it. In April 2020, with the end of Better Call Saul in sight, Odenkirk established his own production company Cal-Gold Pictures and signed a first-look deal with Sony Pictures Television. Odenkirk, with Cal-Gold, plans to develop stories that are unique, with dynamic characters and social relevance. Former Comedy Central vice president Ian


title: Bob Odenkirk

texts:
 Friedman will serve as Cal-Gold's head of television. In March 2021, Odenkirk starred as Hutch Mansell in the action-thriller film Nobody, which opened at number one at the US box office, with $6.7 million in ticket sales.Personal life
He was linked romantically to fellow comedian, actress, and writer Janeane Garofalo in the early 1990s, who introduced him to Mr. Show with <mask> and David co-creator David Cross. In 1997, Odenkirk married Naomi Yomtov, who was later the executive producer of W/ <mask> and David. They have two children. Discussing costume choices on Better Call Saul, Odenkirk stated he has a bit of color blindness, and leaves it to the costume department to select the right outfits for his roles. On December 15, 2019, Odenkirk's alma mater SIU announced it had awarded him the honorary degree of Doctor of Performing Arts. On July 27, 2021, Odenkirk was hospitalized in New Mexico after having what he described as a "small heart attack" on the set of the sixth season of Better Call Saul. Eleven days later, on August 7, Odenkirk reported that he was "doing great" and would "be back soon", and on September 8 he reported he had returned to work.Filmography

Bibliography

Awards and nominations

References
Notes

Further reading

External links

1962 births
20th-century American comedians
21st-century American comedians
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
American music video directors
American people of Dutch descent
American people of German descent
American people of Irish descent
American sketch comedians
American television writers
Comedians from Illinois
Comedy film directors
Living people
Male actors from Illinois
American male television writers
Primetime Emmy Award winners
Screenwriters from Illinois
Southern Illinois University Carbondale alumni
Writers from

masks: Bob Bob


title: Savannah Outen

texts:
<mask> (born October 14, 1992) is an American singer who gained popularity on YouTube. Outen began posting videos of herself singing on YouTube in March 2007 along with Angelika Vee and Esmée Denters. In 2010 she collaborated with Boyce Avenue on their sixth acoustic album, New Acoustic Sessions. She appeared in the 85th Annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade on November 24, 2011. Music
Outen has been asked to sing the National Anthem at many professional sports venues, including the Oakland Raiders, Los Angeles Dodgers, Anaheim Angels, Seattle Mariners, Seattle SuperSonics, Seattle Storm, and the Portland Beavers. From 2002 to 2006 she was a member of the Junior BlazerDancers dance group. In 2006, she won the youth talent contest at the Washington County Fair in her hometown.In fall 2007, Keith Thomas of Levosia Entertainment signed Outen to a recording and management contract. <mask>'s first single from the three demo CD released by Levosia Entertainment was "Goodbyes". That song drew comparisons to Carrie Underwood and Britney Spears from MTV's Pop Cultured. Outen's first video was a cover of the song "Listen" from the motion picture Dreamgirls. On May 31, 2008, Outen's first single, "Goodbyes", was featured on Radio Disney's Music Mailbag. She received a 95% pick and on June 2, the song was added to the Radio Disney playlist. Within two weeks, it debuted at #28 on the Top 30 Countdown, charting for 18 straight weeks and peaking at #5, making it the highest rated song an unsigned artist has ever achieved on Radio Disney.Her latest song, "Fighting For My Life", was on the music mailbag on October 31, 2009 and got a 98% pick by listeners. She reached 19 million views on

masks:
Savannah Paige Outen
Savannah


title: Savannah Outen

texts:
 her YouTube account by October 2008. <mask> removed her cover songs from YouTube on March 17, 2009, due to concerns over copyright violations but returned them a short time later. On April 3, 2009, the music video to her second single, "If You Only Knew" was posted on YouTube. It was directed by Mason Dixon, who also directed her first music video for "Goodbyes", and starred Disney Channel's Tony Oller (As The Bell Rings) as "Cas". It has since garnered more than 4 million views. In December 2009, clothing designed by Outen for Primp Girl went on sale, with the profits from the sales given to a charity selected by Outen.Biography
<mask> was born on October 14, 1992 to Barry and <mask>. Outen's hometown is Hillsboro, Oregon, in the Portland metropolitan area. There she attended Century High School, but as of 2009 is home schooled by her parents, Barry and <mask>. She graduated early. At age 12, Outen made it to the finals of "America's Best New Talent." "Goodbyes" was released in 2008 on iTunes. She wrote "Goodbyes" during her middle school graduation about a friend who was moving to a different high school from her."So What" and "Tell Me It's True" were recorded by a Local Producer and are in a Universal Records Music Catalog. According to her parents, they were supposed to be used as Demos for record labels. But according to her ex-manager, Keith Thomas, he received acoustic versions of 3 songs: "Goodbyes", "Unlock The Door" (later a free single at her extinct website SavannahOfficial.com) and "My Dream Is". "Goodbyes" is on Radio Disney Jams, Vol. 11. It peaked 5 at Radio Disney Countdown, making her the first unsigned artist to reach this position at that radio. It

masks:
Outen
Savannah Outen
Lisa Outen
Lisa Outen


title: Savannah Outen

texts:
 got a music video directed by Mason Dixon, shot in Nashville."Fighting for My Life" was on Radio Disney music mailbag and got picked with 95% approval. <mask> appeared in the first five Rising Stars Webshow episodes, part of the popular online Radio Disney fansite, Radio Disney Club. One out of five episodes are currently online, after the club was hacked. <mask> posted about the webshow on her Twitter page the night it debuted and two weeks later. A cover of the song "No Place Like Here" from the straight to DVD film "Quest for Zhu" (which was served as the film's theme song) can be heard on the film's official soundtrack as a Bonus Track. <mask> appeared on the Radio Disney Club on November 25, 2011, in celebration of their fourth birthday, in a follow-up interview. Billboard's website visitors named <mask> as one of the six finalists to perform at the Billboard 2012 Battle of the Bands.She performed on May 18, 2012 in the showdown alongside her competition Saints of Valory, Patent Pending, After the Smoke, Take the Day, and Doe Eye, but did not win. Outen also made a small cameo appearance in the December 2012 Judd Apatow movie This is 40. Filmography

Film

Other roles

Discography

Albums
2010: Inception
2012: Sing To Me (EP)

Cover albums
2012: The Covers, Volume I
2012: The Covers II
2012: The Covers, Volume III
2012: Josh Golden & <mask>en Covers (EP)
2013: The Covers IV
2013: The Covers V
2013: The New Velvet & Savannah Outen (EP)
2013: The Covers VI
2014: The Covers VII

Singles
2008: Unlock The Door
2008: Goodbyes
2009: A Greater Treasure Than A Friend
2009: If You Only Knew
2009: Hope And Prayer
2009: Fighting For My Life
2010: Be Original
2010: The Song Of

masks:
Savannah
Savannah
Savannah
Outen
Savannah Out


title: Wilhelm Röpke

texts:
<mask> (October 10, 1899 – February 12, 1966) was a German economist and social critic, best known as one of the spiritual fathers of the social market economy. A Professor of Economics, first in Jena, then in Graz, Marburg, Istanbul, and finally Geneva, Switzerland, <mask> theorised and collaborated to organise the post-World War II economic re-awakening of the war-wrecked German economy, deploying a program sometimes referred to as the sociological neoliberalism (compared to ordoliberalism, a more sociologically inclined variant of German liberalism). With Alfred Müller-Armack and Alexander Rüstow (sociological neoliberalism) and Walter Eucken and Franz Böhm (ordoliberalism) he elucidated the ideas, which then were introduced formally by Germany's post-World War II Minister for Economics Ludwig Erhard, operating under Konrad Adenauer's Chancellorship. <mask> and his colleagues' economic influence therefore is considered largely responsible for enabling Germany's post-World War II "economic miracle". <mask> was also a historian and was nominated to the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1965. <mask>'s opposition to the German National Socialist regime led him (with his family) in 1933 to emigrate to Istanbul, Turkey, where he taught until 1937, before accepting a position at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, where he lived until his death, in 1966. Work
In his youth, <mask> was first inspired by socialism and afterwards by the Austrian School economist Ludwig von Mises.Despite this, the post-World War II economic liberation enabling Germany to once again lead Europe, which <mask> and his allies (Walter Eucken, Franz Böhm, Alfred Müller-Armack and Alexander Rüstow) were the intellectual muscle behind, occurred by implementing policy divergent to that advocated by Ludwig von Mises. Though the two men shared some beliefs in certain areas, Röpke & co. instead formed the school of ordoliberalism and advocated free trade but with more central bank and state influence than what Austrian School economists

masks:
Wilhelm Röpke
Röpke
Röpke
Röpke
Life Röpke
Röpke
Röpke


title: Wilhelm Röpke

texts: suggest is required. Unlike many mainstream Austrian School economists, <mask> and the ordoliberalists conceded that the market economy can be more disruptive and inhumane unless intervention is permitted a role to play. Following Alexander Rüstow, <mask> concluded that free markets' vaunted efficiency and affluence can exact social and spiritual forfeits. In consequence, he envisioned a positive and more extensive role for the state, as rulemaker, enforcer of competition, and provider of basic social security. During the Great Depression, <mask> argued in Crises and Cycles that a secondary deflation had to be combated through a fiscal reflation. It has been argued that the secondary deflation essentially is the same phenomenon that Taiwanese-American economist Richard C. Koo in later years has denoted as a balance sheet recession.In spite of this, however, <mask> remained a political decentralist and rejected Keynesian economics, deriding it as "a typically intellectual construction that forgets the social reality behind the integral calculus". For <mask>, rights and moral habits (Sitte) were key elements which the Central Bank and State (opposed to the Market-Economy) needed to subtly help organise. With a "conforming" social, economic, and financial policy, the task of which is to protect the weak "beyond the market," to equalize interests, set rules of the game, and limit market power, <mask> strove for an economic order of "economic humanism," something which he also referred to as the "Third Way." <mask> stood for a society and social policy in which human rights are given the highest importance. He believed that individualism must be balanced by a well-thought-out principle of sociality and humanity. Significantly, <mask>'s economic thought is highly congruent with Catholic social teaching. As he grew older, <mask> increasingly appreciated the overall, general benefits of a society that embraces spirituality, particularly in contrast to societies where spirituality is marginalized or demonized.<mask> is also known for his

masks: Röpke Röpke Röpke Röpke Röpke Röpke Röpke Röpke Röpke Röpke