title: Mary Ann Unger

texts:
<mask> (May 10, 1945 – December 28, 1998) was a North American sculptor known for large scale, semi-abstract public works in which she evoked the body, bandaging, flesh, and bone. She is known for dark, bulbous, beam-like forms. Her sculptures concern universal issues such as death and regeneration and are described as transcending time and place. <mask> received a Guggenheim Fellowship and Pollock-Krasner Foundation grants and was a resident fellow at Yaddo. Her work is found in collections such as the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, and the High Museum of Art. In 2018, <mask>'s work was acquired by both the Whitney Museum of American Art and the Art Institute of Chicago. Background
<mask> was a sculptor known for her large scale works with subtle expression, in which she evoked the body, bandaging, flesh, and bone.Born in 1945, she was raised in New Jersey. She learned to weld, cast, and carve as an undergraduate student at Mt. Holyoke College, where she later earned a bachelor's degree in 1967. After a year of graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley, she spent several years traveling, including a trip alone through North Africa. She later earned an M.F.A at Columbia University in 1975, where she studied with Ronald Bladen and George Sugarman. She had solo exhibitions at the New York City Sculpture Center, the New Jersey State Museum, the Klarfeld Perry Gallery, and the Trans Hudson Gallery. She received a Guggenheim Fellowship and Pollock-Krasner Foundation grants and was a resident fellow at Yaddo.She became known for dark, bulbous, beamlike forms that were laid out or propped up in clusters. These pieces were made of hydrocal, a lightweight plaster, over steel armatures, with surfaces that appeared scarred and scorched. Her sculptures spoke of universal issues such as death and regeneration, and transcended time and place. <mask> died in 1998 at age of

masks:
Mary Ann Unger
Unger
Unger
Mary Ann Unger
Unger


title: Mary Ann Unger

type: original

texts:
 53 from breast cancer. Public art
Unger produced a site-specific installation called Tweed Garden at Tweed Courthouse in New York in 1985. It was an environmental work clustered like a forest with passageways. The 10 painted hexagonal columns are each 9 feet tall and flared like trees or flowers.The columns are open in the middle and rise in layers, reaching toward the light from the glass dome above. It has been described as heavy with meaning yet light and ornamental in architecture. That same year, <mask> produced a site-specific installation for the Phillip and Muriel Berman Museum of Art at Ursinus College of Pennsylvania. <mask>'s Temple was a gazebo-like structure of red aluminum placed in a group of cherry trees. It was constructed in an openwork fashion with aluminum plate ribs. From afar, the monument looked like a giant party decoration. Its circus-like color scheme echoed nineteenth century park architecture, but it was still integrated into the park well.In 1988, <mask>'s Family was installed at Bellevue Hospital Park in New York City. Critics called it a point of departure for an artist whose private and public works had previously remained separate. The sculpture consists of three life-size abstract forms aligned as if processing. Each element is both architectural and symbolic. One has been described as looking like a dragon tail or a carrot with large conical breasts, while another is more like a cross between an arch, a stepladder, and a stretching gymnast. The third takes a two-part form, with the top like a tuning fork and the bottom like a lush, curvy body in a dress. <mask> successfully used pigmented cement overlaid on steel to evoke something earthly and organic.<mask>'s airy and grand monument known as Ode to Tatlin was commissioned as a permanent work in 1991 by the Aaron Copland School of Music at Queens College in New York. The sculpture forms a gateway to the school in the shape of an ellipse sliced in half to leave an entrance in the middle.

masks: Unger Unger Unger Unger Unger


title: Mary Ann Unger

texts:
 It was inspired by Monument to the Third International, a grand building designed by the Russian artist Vladimir Tatlin that was never constructed. It was meant to suggest staves of music and the supports of a rollercoaster with a swooping path that contrasts the drab and incoherent stretch of campus where it is situated. Critics were not fond of the sherbet colors of the painted slats of the monument because they found the excessive amount of sweetness almost sickening; however, from farther away, they acknowledged the power and splendor it emanated in its commonplace surroundings. Exhibitions
<mask>'s work was exhibited in the 1985 show, “The Figure as an Image of the Psyche”, at the Sculpture Center in New York, whose main theme was the use of human figures to confront and transform difficult and extreme responses and experiences. The gallery looked like a war zone and was a reminder that declaratory emotional statements are always possible.The show had the edge and tone of the work <mask> <mask> contributed. One of her works, Supplicant, was an overwhelming piece made of hydrocal. It can be described as representing a bald head impaled on a spine that supports four vertically-aligned breasts. With small outstretched arms, like the feathers or wings of some prehistoric bird, and a huge mouth open toward the sky, the sculpture suggests frantic desire and symbolizes both a cry of pain and a song of faith. In 1989, <mask> curated a show called “In a Dark Vein,” at the Sculpture Center in New York. It featured work by women who used the human figure to shape feelings of fear, loss, and pain and was inspired by <mask>'s own struggle with cancer. In this show, she tried to focus on a more naked and physical reality and the search for experience that is shared and elemental.Unger included her bonded iron sculpture, Guardian, which both expresses and mediates suffering. It shows a nude woman, cut off at the waist, with her hands on her hips. The sculpture's mouth is like a pit

masks:
Unger
Mary Ann
Unger
Unger
Unger


title: Mary Ann Unger

texts: facing the sky and her arms are like wings. The earthly figure suggests a fertility goddess insisting on her ability to reproduce and crying to get out of her skin. “In a Dark Vein” was filled with representations of the female body shaped by a woman's hand. In 1989 <mask> also exhibited at the Sculpture Center Festival at the Snug Harbor Cultural Center in Staten Island, a work called Pall Bearers. The sculpture is made of hydrocal over steel with pigment, wax, and graphite.It seems that <mask>'s illness caused her to become more introspective and create bodies of work that dealt with the fragility of the self. Pall Bearers is an allusion to the post-and-lintel construction method, with a horizontal member over an opening created by two vertical columns. In the sculpture, the two vertical posts are shaped like forearms, which support a sausage-like form covered in bloody bandages. <mask> seems to reveal her pain through the festering wounds; for some, the sculpture was too painful to view. It also connotes passage, transformation, and new life. It has been described as leaving an impression of a timeless battle between death and love with death in the lead. The work was later shown at “Dark Icons”, held at the Klarfeld Perry Gallery in New York in 1992.In the exhibition, “Dark Icons,” (New York, 1992) Unger was overcoming a bout of cancer that helped to broaden the metaphorical range of her work from a personal scream of victimization to a generalized but powerful meditation on mortality. The show contained seven sculptures, all made from steel armatures wrapped in plaster-soaked gauze, colored with pigment, wax, and graphite. The bulky, rounded sculptures draw a parallel between bearing the dead and bearing a child or a seed. Pieta/Monument to War consists of two roughly bandaged pillars bending inward and straining under the weight of an eviscerated and headless figure. The figure is held up by its stump-like arms and features a long slouched sack pigmented red. The

masks: Unger Unger Unger


title: Mary Ann Unger

texts: title refers to an image of mourning, yet the gory trough of the figure evokes associations with menstruation and birth. Unger seemed to be aware of Baroque artists who struggled to show the weight of Christ hanging from the cross or the sag of his body draped in <mask>'s lap.The bandaging in Deposition/ Nature Mourned was partially removed due to more sanding and filing than in <mask>'s other pieces. It is made of two short, forking uprights that cradle a bundle of long, sagging stem-like forms. The title implies that the objects are being brought down for burial, but the form seems swollen with life. One could read the bandaging as an infant wrapped in a blanket and the forks as the huge hands of some sort of motherly deity. The piece represents the possibility of regeneration after ridding oneself of fear and loss. In 1994, <mask> transformed the Trans Hudson Gallery into a vault of concrete shapes that look almost like the remains of giants. Included in the show was Across the Bering Strait, a work that occupied Unger for two years before it was exhibited.The sculpture is a crowd of shapes that are phallic, intuitive, and sausage-like, laid as if thrown onto its stubby supports. The theme is migration and, according to <mask>, the title refers to the Mongol migration across the land bridge between Asia and Alaska. The cradles that hold the elongated forms were seen as immigrants’ bundled possessions, tent poles, and primitive life forms, while the work speaks on a deeper level about individual movement and the cycle of life. For art reviewer Vivien Raynor, however, it brought up visions of mutilation and monstrous fungi proliferating in caves. Raynor described it as a show that one would not want to spend the night with. <mask>'s subsequent solo exhibition at the Trans Hudson Gallery in 1997 featured five sculptures that display her strong interest in organic forms. Shanks consists of three nine-foot vertical bony shafts, each with a rounded point on the floor and

masks: Mary Unger Unger Unger Unger


title: Mary Ann Unger

texts:
 topped with a bulbous knob.Two knobs, imitating the ball of a ball-and-socket joint, protrude just above the middle of each shaft. The white hydrocal was roughly scarred to give the appearance of bone. One critic got the impression that the sculpture was the leg bone of some huge prehistoric animal. Another believed the sculptures were like stern goddesses gazing down on their followers. The sculpture exemplified <mask>'s inclinations – rational yet connected to nature, serene but passionate, rigorously formed yet playful. Unger also included a wall-mounted sculpture titled Black Heart, a darkly poetic version of a heart that hovers without apparent support. Its black scorched and pitted surface looks like damaged skin over muscle.Its mythic presence is in line with the symbolism of the origin of emotion. It suggests that life processes are just as metaphysical as they are scientific. <mask>'s art has been described as moving easily across cultures and through the history of art. She challenged the skepticism that sculpture could carry and transmit meaning. Her works reminded viewers that beneath our withered elements are stable, regenerative forces. She ultimately used the life-renewing energies found in creating her art as a form of healing. After her death in 1998, a 15-year retrospective was held at the McDonough Museum of Art in Youngstown, Ohio in 2000.Solo exhibitions have taken place at the Davidson Gallery in NYC in 2011, 2016, and 2019 . Her work is found in collections such as the Whitney Museum of American Art, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, the Art Institute of Chicago, the Brooklyn Museum of Art, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Albright-Knox Art Gallery, and the High Museum of Art. References

American women sculptors
Sculptors from New Jersey
1945 births
1998 deaths
Columbia University School of the Arts alumni
Mount Holyoke College alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American women

masks:
Unger
Legacy Unger


title: Jerome Courtland

texts:
<mask> (December 27, 1926 – March 1, 2012) was an American actor, director and producer. He acted in films in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, and in television in the 1950s and 1960s. <mask> also appeared on Broadway in the musical Flahooley in the early 1950s. He directed and produced television series in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. He served in the Pacific Theater of World War II. Biography

Actor
<mask>Jerry<mask> was born <mask>. on December 27, 1926 in Knoxville, Tennessee. At 17, he attended a Hollywood party with his mother, a professional singer.A chance meeting with director Charles Vidor led to a screen test at Columbia Pictures and a seven-year contract. <mask>'s feature debut was in Vidor's 1944 screwball comedy Together Again, before he joined the military, seeing service in the Pacific. After the War, <mask> starred opposite Shirley Temple in Kiss and Tell, followed by appearances in more than a dozen films including The Man From Colorado (1948), Battleground (1949), The Palomino (1950), The Barefoot Mailman (1951), and Take the High Ground (1953). He was a licensed pilot and trained in stunt flying. In 1951 <mask> starred on Broadway as the romantic lead in the very short-lived musical Flahooley with Barbara Cook. Returning to California, he was frequently seen in guest roles on Westerns including The Rifleman, Death Valley Days and The Virginian. In 1957, he starred in six episodes of ABC's Disneyland in the miniseries The Saga of Andy Burnett, the story of a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, man who comes west to the Rocky Mountains.This was an attempt by Walt Disney to follow up on the success of the first television miniseries, Davy Crockett. In 1958, <mask> guest starred in an episode of the television Western series The Rifleman. His voice was heard singing the title song during the credits in the movie Old Yeller. In 1959 he played the role of Army Lt. Henry Nowlan in the Disney film Tonka. Also that year he narrated the Disney short

masks:
Jerome Courtland
Courtland
Jerome "
" Courtland
Courtland Jourolmon Jr
Courtland
Courtland
Courtland
Courtland


title: Jerome Courtland

texts:
 Noah's Ark, nominated for an Oscar the following year for Best Short Subject (Cartoon). <mask> starred in the 1959-1960 television series Tales of the Vikings, as the lead character, Leif. He dyed his hair and beard blonde for the role.The series was produced by Kirk Douglas' film production company Brynaprod, was filmed in Germany, and ran for 39 episodes. <mask> was cast as newspaperman William Byers in the 1965 episode, "The Race at Cherry Creek", on the syndicated television anthology series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Ronald Reagan. In the story line, Byers races against time to put out the first newspaper in the Colorado Territory during the gold rush year of 1859. His Rocky Mountain News became the first publication in the territory. Though strongly encouraged in the pursuit by his wife Elizabeth ([Nancy Rennick), Byers' pressman, Andy Kate (Alvy Moore), is pessimistic about their chances of publishing first. Producer
In the 60s, <mask> gave up acting to produce for Disney, Screen Gems, and others. In 1975, he produced the Walt Disney film, Ride a Wild Pony.He was one of two producers of the partly animated 1977 Disney movie Pete's Dragon. He was the producer of Escape to Witch Mountain in 1975, and The Devil and Max Devlin. Director
In 1968 <mask> made his directorial debut with several episodes of The Flying Nun. In the 1980s he directed episodes of Aaron Spelling's Dynasty, Fantasy Island, The Love Boat and The Colbys. In the early 1990s he made guest appearances on L.A. Law and Knots Landing. In 1997 he moved to the Chicago area, where for five years he taught acting and directing for the camera at Columbia College. <mask> died on March 1, 2012 of heart disease in the Santa Clarita Valley, California.Partial filmography

Together Again (1944) - Gilbert Parker
Kiss and Tell (1945) - Dexter Franklin
The Man from Colorado (1948) - Johnny Howard
Make Believe Ballroom (1949) - Gene Thomas
Tokyo Joe (1949) - Danny
Battleground (1949) -

masks: Courtland Courtland Courtland Courtland Courtland


title: Jerome Courtland

texts:
 Abner Spudler
A Woman of Distinction (1950) - <mask>
The Palomino (1950) - Steve Norris
When You're Smiling (1950) - Gerald Durham
Santa Fe (1951) - Terry Canfield
The Texas Rangers (1951) - Danny Carver - alias Bonner
Sunny Side of the Street (1951) - Ted Mason
The Barefoot Mailman (1951) - Steven Pierton
Cripple Creek (1952) - Larry Galland
Take the High Ground! (1953) - Elvin C. Carey
The Bamboo Prison (1954) - Arkansas
The Rifleman (1958, TV Series) - Johnny Gibbs
Tonka (1958) - Lt. Henry Nowlan
 (1960) - Teddy Hill
Queen of the Seas (1961) - Peter Goodwin
Café Oriental (1962) - Michael
Tharus Son of Attila (1962) - Tharus
Black Spurs (1965) - Sam Grubbs
The Restless Ones (1965)
Escape to Witch Mountain (1975, Produced)
Ride a Wild Pony (1975, Produced)
The Wonderful World of Disney - episode "The Young Runaways" (1978, TV Series, Produced)
Disney's Wonderful World - episode "Sultan and the Rock Star" (1980, TV Series, Produced)
Disney's Wonderful World - episode "The Ghosts of Buxley Hall: Parts 1 & 2" (1980, TV Series, Produced)

References

External links

 Staff (March 5, 2012). "<mask> dies at 85 Directed Episodes of Aaron Spelling Dramas". Variety. Retrieved August 24, 2013. Jerry Courtland Movie Memorial
 Theme song from "'Old Yeller"

1926 births
2012 deaths
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
21st-century American male actors
21st-century American singers
Male actors from California
Male actors from Tennessee
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American television directors
American military personnel of World War II
Film directors from California
Film directors from Tennessee
Film producers from California
Singers from Tennessee
People from Knoxville, Tennessee
Singers from California
Television producers from California
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers
Television producers from

masks:
Jerome
Jerome Courtland


title: Becca (Ghanaian singer)

texts:
Rebecca Akosua Acheampomaa Acheampong (born 15 August 1984), known mononymously as <mask>, is a Ghanaian singer, songwriter and actress. She first gained recognition as a contestant on the second season of TV3's annual singing competition Mentor. Her debut studio album Sugar was released in 2007; it earned her five nominations at the 2008 Ghana Music Awards. The album's lead single "You Lied to Me" won Record of the Year at the aforementioned awards show. <mask> released her second studio album Time 4 Me on 16 May 2013. It features guest appearances from 2face Idibia, MI, King Ayisoba, Trigmatic, Jay Storm and Akwaboah. The album was certified 2x platinum in Ghana.<mask>'s accolades include one Kora Award, one National Youth Achievers Award, four Ghana Music Awards, and three 4Syte TV Music Video Awards. In 2013, she headlined the annual Girl Talk concert, which started in 2011. <mask> was ranked 94 on E.tv Ghana's 2013 list of the 100 most influential people in Ghana. In March 2021, she was among Top 30 Most Influential Women in Music by 3Music Awards Women Brunch. She has worked with foreign artistes such as Hugh Masakela and MI Abaga. Life and music career
Rebecca Acheampong was born in Kumasi, Ghana. She is the first girl and fifth born of nine children.<mask> was quite active in church and school activities during her childhood. She attended Morning Star and Wesley Girls' High School. She took an interest in showcasing her vocal dexterity at talent shows held at the latter school. She graduated from Croydon College and became a child care and education worker. <mask> relocated to Ghana and signed with Kiki Banson's EKB Records. She studied at the Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration. 2007:<mask> started working on her debut studio album Sugar in 2007.The album comprises 12 songs and was recorded in English

masks:
Becca
Becca
Becca
Becca
Becca
Becca
Sugar Becca


title: Becca (Ghanaian singer)

texts:
 and Twi. It was preceded by the lead single "You Lied to Me". The song was released in 2007 and features vocals from Kwabena Kwabena. The music video for the song was shot and directed in Ghana. On 13 November 2007, <mask> launched the album in Ghana. She featured Hugh Masekela on the song "I Love You". Sugar was launched in South Africa alongside Hugh Masekela's album Live at the Market Theatre.2011–2013:Time 4 Me
<mask>'s second studio album Time 4 Me was released on 16 May 2013. <mask> describes the album as a musical journey inspired by her thoughts, emotions and beliefs. The album comprises 20 songs and features guest appearances from 2face Idibia, MI, King Ayisoba, Trigmatic, Jay Storm and Akwaboah. The album produced the singles "Forever", "Push", "Bad Man Bad Girl", "No Away" and "Follow the Leader". Ten thousand copies of the album were given to fans who bought the Thursday edition of Graphic Showbiz newspaper. Time 4 Me was certified 2x platinum in Ghana. <mask> went on a nationwide campus tour to promote the album.<mask>'s 2011 single "Africa Woman" appeared as a bonus on the album; the song is a melodic ode to the strength and character of African women. The music video for "African Woman" was shot and directed in Ghana by Samad Davis; it starts with a quote and transitions into landscape scenes of <mask>. In 2011, <mask> released "Forever" and "Push" as the album's lead and second singles. "Push" features guest vocals by King Ayisoba and Trigmatic. The music video for "Push" was uploaded to YouTube on 17 May 2011 and features cameo appearances from John Dumelo, Yvonne Okoro and Yvonne Nelson. The album's third single "Bad Man Bad Girl" was released in February 2012; it features vocals by 2face Idibia and was recorded in the summer of 2011. The music video for "Bad Man Bad Girl" was shot in Accra and other parts of

masks: Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca


title: Becca (Ghanaian singer)

texts:
 Ghana.The MI-assisted track "No Away" was released on 22 June 2012, as the album's fourth single. It was recorded in Ghana and Nigeria and mixed in South Africa. The music video for "No Away" was shot in South Africa and uploaded to YouTube on 12 August 2012, at a total length of 4 minutes and 11 seconds. Liquor brand Kasapreko Company Limited and EKB Records spent $50,000 on the video shoot. The production cost for the video made it one of the most expensive videos released by a Ghanaian artist at that time. The video was unveiled during a ceremony at the XL Club in Accra. On 17 June 2013, <mask> released the album's fifth single "Follow the Leader".On 25 June 2013, EKB Records released the music video for her song "Time 4 Me", which was shot in Yokohama and Tokyo. 2014:"Move" single featuring Uhuru

On 12 April 2014, <mask> released her single "Move". It features vocals by South African group Uhuru and debuted on Bola Ray's Drive Time show on Joy FM. It was produced by Kaywa and written by <mask> and Kiki Banson. The music video for "Move" was uploaded to YouTube on 1 May 2014; it features cameo appearances from Yvonne Chaka Chaka and Hugh Masekela. Kwame Dadzie of Flex Ghana reviewed the song and concluded its rhythm is a replica of "Khona". Artistry, humanitarian work and endorsements
<mask>'s upbringing and surroundings influenced her musical and fashion style.She has established a rescue organization which raises funds to help children affected by HIV/AIDS in Ghana. In 2014, she became a Goodwill ambassador for UNAIDS. On 1 September 2009, GLO Mobile Ghana unveiled <mask> as one of its brand ambassadors. Moreover, the Ministry of Youth and Sports unveiled her as one of Ghana's official ambassadors for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Notable performances
<mask> performed at the Accra International Conference Centre for MTN's Heroes

masks: Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca


title: Becca (Ghanaian singer)

texts:
 of Change television series finale. On 26 July 2013, she performed with recording engineer Kwame Yeboah (and his Ohia beye Ya band) to launch her second studio album in Accra. On 20 December 2013, she headlined the third edition of the Girl Talk concert, which occurred at the National Theatre of Ghana.On 24 March 2014, Allsports Ghana reported that <mask> would perform before the kickoff of Ghana Premier League matches to promote the league. Gender discrimination
<mask> was scheduled to sing Ghana's national anthem at the Baba Yara Stadium during the country's World Cup qualifier match against Zambia in September 2013. Unfortunately for her, she did not perform due to a directive by authorities in charge of the match. <mask> expressed her dissatisfaction at the incident while speaking at the UN Cultural Night, which took place at the Alliance Française in Accra. A spokesperson for the Ghana Football Association told Graphic Showbiz they didn't know arrangements had been made for <mask> to sing. Personal life
<mask> is married to Nigerian entrepreneur and artist manager Oluwatobi Sanni Daniel; the couple's wedding was held on 18 August 2018 in Accra. She has one child; a baby girl.Relationship controversy
<mask> was at the center of her former manager (Kiki Banson)'s controversial divorce from his wife. Banson allegedly divorced his wife to marry <mask>. The story went haywire after <mask>'s father reportedly disowned his daughter over her intentions to marry her manager. Discography

Studio albums
Sugar (2007)
Time 4 Me (2013)
Unveiling (2017)

Awards and nominations

Notes

See also
List of Ghanaian musicians
List of Ghanaians

References

External links

Living people
1984 births
People from Kumasi
Alumni of Croydon College
People educated at Wesley Girls' Senior High School
21st-century Ghanaian women singers
21st-century

masks: Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca Becca


title: Cliff Compton

texts:
<mask> (born November 2, 1979) is an American retired professional wrestler better known by his ring names Domino and <mask>. He is known for his work in World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Before being promoted to the main WWE roster, <mask> was assigned to WWE's developmental territory Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW) in Louisville, Kentucky in 2005. While situated at OVW, he wrestled under the name Dice Domino and was placed in tag team competition, alongside Deuce Shade. Together, the pair won the OVW Southern Tag Team Championship on three occasions. It was also during this time that he and Deuce, alongside their manager Cherry, were known as "The Throw-Backs" and later as "The Untouchables". The team's name was changed to Deuce 'n Domino for their main roster debut in January 2007, as part of the SmackDown!brand. Three months later, Deuce 'n Domino went on to win the WWE Tag Team Championship. The team lost the title in August 2007. The group disbanded in June 2008, after a series of losses. After the split, <mask> played an enhancement talent on SmackDown!. Following his release from WWE in August 2008, he resumed wrestling on the independent circuit. Professional wrestling career

Early career
<mask> began his professional wrestling career after being trained in Larry Sharpe's Monster Factory.<mask> became a regular for World Xtreme Wrestling, where he formed a tag team with Jake Bishop, known as Double Threat. On July 11, 2003, the duo won the WXW Tag Team Championship. He also wrestled a dark match for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling. World Wrestling Entertainment

Ohio Valley Wrestling (2005–2007)
On September 26, 2005, <mask> was defeated by Danny Basham in a dark match prior to WWE Raw and was soon signed by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Upon signing with WWE, <mask> was sent to the Ohio Valley Wrestling (OVW)

masks:
Clifford Treiber
Cliff Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton


title: Cliff Compton

texts:
 developmental territory. After four months at OVW, <mask> began working as "Dice Domino", teaming with Deuce Shade under the management of his storyline sister Cherry Pie, using a 1950s greaser in-ring persona, forming the faction "The Throw-Backs". During their time together they underwent an image change, including changing the group's name to "The Untouchables" and dropping Dice, Shade, and Pie from their respective names.On March 19, the team would become OVW Southern Tag Team Champions after Deuce defeated The Miz in a singles match after Miz's partner, Chris Cage, left the organization and forced The Miz to defend the title on his own. The Untouchables lost their titles on April 5, in a three-way match to Roadkill and Kasey James, which also involved Kenny and Mikey of The Spirit Squad. The group soon began a scripted rivalry with the team of CM Punk and Seth Skyfire before later engaging into a long and heated rivalry with Shawn Spears and Cody Runnels, which even saw Cherry leave The Untouchables to side with Spears and Runnels briefly before betraying them. The feud culminated in a street fight between the two teams, with Spears and Runnels winning the match. The Untouchables won the OVW Tag Team Title another two times, as well as the DSW Tag Team Championship once in October 2006, before being called up to the main WWE roster in January 2007. SmackDown! (2007–2008)

In their first match with WWE, where they debuted on the SmackDown!brand, the team's name was changed again, this time to "Deuce 'n Domino". They debuted on the January 19, 2007, episode, where they were placed in a tag team match, in which Deuce 'n Domino won. On the February 2 episode of SmackDown!, the team defeated the then-WWE Tag Team Champions Paul London and Brian Kendrick in a non-title match. Deuce 'n Domino faced London and Kendrick in a WWE Tag Team


title: Cliff Compton

texts:
 WWE Diva Maryse would take over as the team's on-screen manager. On the June 20, 2008, episode of SmackDown, following a loss to Jesse and Festus, their second straight loss in two weeks, Deuce and Domino fought after the match, ending with Deuce laying out Domino with the Crack 'em in da Mouth. Deuce then threw his jacket over Domino, dissolving their partnership. The split was then further cemented when Deuce was drafted to the Raw brand as part of the 2008 WWE Supplemental Draft.Following the draft, Domino was predominantly featured as an enhancement talent on SmackDown weekly. Domino's last television appearance was on the August 1 episode of SmackDown, when he suffered a loss to The Big Show. <mask> was then released from his WWE contract on August 8, 2008. Florida Championship Wrestling (2010)
In 2010, <mask> returned to WWE and was sent to Florida Championship Wrestling where he wrestled under his real name of <mask>. His first match came on February 18, where he took on the FCW Florida Heavyweight Champion Justin Gabriel but would lose via DQ. Later in the night, <mask> and Wade Barrett lost to Gabriel and Michael Tarver. He would go on to have one more match before leaving WWE.Return to OVW (2010–2014)

<mask> returned to Ohio Valley Wrestling in September 2010, using the ring name "Mr. Media" <mask>. After a four-month undefeated streak, on January 8, 2011, <mask> defeated then–champion "Low Rider" Matt Barela and Mike Mondo in a three-way match to win the OVW Heavyweight Championship for the first time. Two months later on March 5, the three faced off for the championship again, this time in a ladder match, which Mondo won. During the match, <mask> suffered a broken ankle, torn ligaments, and a strained calf muscle. <mask> regained the OVW Heavyweight Championship on May 14, when he defeated Mondo in a Brass Knuckles on a

masks:
Compton
Compton
Cliff Compton
Compton
Compton
Cliff Compton
Compton
Compton
Compton


title: Cliff Compton

texts:
 Pole match for the vacant championship. He lost the title to Elvis Pridemoore, following interference from Mondo, just eleven days later. On January 25, <mask>'s profile was removed from OVW's website, signalling his departure from the company.On May 12, 2012, <mask> returned to OVW in a dark match with Mike Mondo going up against Raphael Constantine and Sean Casey. On May 31, <mask> wrestled a tryout dark match for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA), losing to Crimson. On October 17, <mask> won the OVW Television Championship from Alex Silva. He held the championship for three weeks, before it was vacated due to <mask> suffering an injury. Following his return from injury, he defeated Jamin Olivencia to regain the championship on January 5, 2013. Following a two-month reign, he lost the championship to Rockstar Spud on March 13. <mask> returned to OVW again on September 3, 2014, declaring his intention to win the OVW Heavyweight Championship again.On October 4, <mask> won his third OVW Heavyweight Championship after pinning Marcus Anthony in a three-way match, also involving champion Melvin Maximus. However, he lost the title two months later, while being injured, against Adam Revolver. Ring of Honor and retirement (2013–2018)

On March 2, 2013, <mask> made his debut for Ring of Honor (ROH) at their 11th Anniversary Show iPPV, where he, Jimmy Rave, Matt Hardy and Rhett Titus, revealed themselves as the newest members of S.C.U.M. by attacking numerous members of the ROH roster following the main event, joining Kevin Steen, Jimmy Jacobs, Rhino and Steve Corino as members of the group. After Steen lost the ROH World Championship, <mask> and the rest of S.C.U.M turned on Steen and made Steve Corino the new leader. At Best in the World 2013, <mask> and Rhett Titus lost a three-way tag team match for the ROH World Tag Team Championship. On

masks: Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton


title: Cliff Compton

texts:
 June 23, S.C.U.M.was forced to disband after being defeated by Team ROH in a Steel Cage Warfare match. <mask> returned to ROH in early 2014, feuding with Steen. <mask> repeatedly attacked Steen on shows leading up to the 12th Anniversary Show. He lost to Steen in an Unsanctioned Street Fight at the 12th Anniversary Show, in which he suffered a concussion. In May, <mask> and Steen found common enemies and defeated Eddie Kingston and Homicide in a Charm City Street Fight. Almost one year later, March 14, 2015, <mask> returned to challenge Jay Lethal for a chance to earn a shot at the ROH World Television Championship on the spot. Lethal defeated <mask> in a Chicago Street Match to retain the title.In 2018, <mask> announced his retirement from professional wrestling. Other media
In March 2014, <mask> and Colt Cabana appeared in a commercial for KFC. In April 2014, a documentary titled, The Wrestling Road Diaries Too featuring <mask>, Colt Cabana and Drew Hankinson, was released on DVD. <mask> was the latest guest on The Kevin Steen Show, released in July 2014. Championships and accomplishments

 Deep South Wrestling
 DSW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Deuce Shade
NWA Southern All-Star Wrestling
NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship (1 time)
 Ohio Valley Wrestling
 OVW Heavyweight Championship (3 times)
 OVW Southern Tag Team Championship (3 times) – with Deuce Shade
 OVW Television Championship (2 times)
 Ninth OVW Triple Crown Champion
 Pro Wrestling Illustrated
 Ranked No. 169 of the top 500 singles wrestlers in the PWI 500 in 2008
 World Wrestling Entertainment
 WWE Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Deuce
 World Xtreme Wrestling
 WXW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Jake Bishop

References

External links

1979 births
American male professional wrestlers
Living people
People from Long Island
Professional

masks: Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Compton Cliff


title: N. Scott Momaday

texts:
<mask> (born February 27, 1934) is a Kiowa novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet. His novel House Made of Dawn was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1969, and is considered the first major work of the Native American Renaissance. His follow-up work The Way to Rainy Mountain blends folklore with memoir. Momaday received the National Medal of Arts in 2007 for his work's celebration and preservation of indigenous oral and art tradition. He holds twenty honorary degrees from colleges and universities, and is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Background
<mask> was born on February 27, 1934 in Lawton, Oklahoma. He was delivered in the Kiowa and Comanche Indian Hospital, registered as having seven-eighths Indian blood.N<mask> <mask>'s mother was Mayme '<mask>' <mask> (1913–1996), who claimed to be of partial Cherokee descent, born in Fairview, Kentucky, while his father was Alfred Morris <mask>, who was a full-blooded Kiowa. His mother was a writer and his father a painter. In 1935, when N<mask> Momaday was one year old, his family moved to Arizona, where both his father and mother became teachers on the reservation. Growing up in Arizona allowed Momaday to experience not only his father’s Kiowa traditions but also those of other southwest Native Americans including the Navajo, Apache, and Pueblo traditions. In 1946, a twelve-year-old Momaday moved to Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico, living there with his parents until his senior year of high school. After high school, Momaday attended the University of New Mexico, graduating in 1958 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English. He continued his education at Stanford University where, in 1963, he was awarded a Ph.D. in English Literature.Literary career
<mask>'s first book, The Complete Poems of Frederick Goddard Tuckerman based

masks:
Navarre Scott Momaday
Navarre Scott Momaday
. Scott
Momaday
Natachee
Scott Momaday
Momaday
. Scott
Momaday


title: N. Scott Momaday

texts:
 House. See also

Poets Laureate of Oklahoma
List of writers from peoples indigenous to the Americas
Native American Renaissance
Native American Studies

Notes

External links

 N. <mask>y: Words from a Bear, 2019 PBS documentary
 Western American Literature Journal: N. <mask>y
 N<mask> Momaday from the Modern American Poetry site
 The Buffalo Trust - Momaday's non-profit charitable foundation
 Perspectives in American Literature - Momaday Bibliography
 Interview with Momaday at modernamericanpoetry.org
  Article about Momaday's selection as Poet Laureate of Oklahoma
 "N. <mask>y" by <mask> Trimble in the Western Writers Series Digital Editions
 Voices of Oklahoma interview with N. <mask>y. First person interview conducted on December 21, 2010, with N. <mask>y. Native paths: American Indian art from the collection of Charles and Valerie Diker, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains an essay by N. <mask> (see table of contents)
N. <mask>y Papers .Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. 1934 births
Living people
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American people of Cherokee descent
Kiowa people
Native American novelists
People from Lawton, Oklahoma
Postmodern writers
Pulitzer Prize for Fiction winners
United States National Medal of Arts recipients
Native American essayists
University of California, Santa Barbara faculty
Male essayists
20th-century essayists
21st-century essayists
Poets Laureate of Oklahoma
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
Novelists from Oklahoma
People from Jemez Springs, New Mexico
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male

masks:
Scott Momada
Scott Momada
. Scott
Scott Momada
Martha Scott
Scott Momada
Scott Momada
Scott Momaday
Scott Momada


title: Oliver Harrison

texts:
<mask> is an English filmmaker, artist and animator. His films have been shown at film festivals around the world including Cannes Film Festival, New York Film Festival, San Francisco Film Festival and the London Film Festival. His feature film The Fallen Word premiered at the BFI Southbank in 2013. Influential in motion graphics,particularly in kinetic typography, <mask>'s work has been featured at Tate Modern, The Barbican Centre and the Institute of Contemporary Arts. Film career
Following his graduation from St Martins School of Art in 1988, <mask>'s student film Amore Baciami - set to a 50s Italian pop song sung by Nuccia Bongiovanni - received much critical acclaim. The film featured animated typography closely syncopated with the voice, a technique that would come to characterize <mask>'s work; described as 'the beautiful precise and unparalleled marriage of sound and picture'. <mask> later said of Amore Baciami:

When David Puttnam introduced Amore Baciami on Thames TV's First Run he said of the film: 'I think it's quite brilliant'.Nominated for 'Best Animated Film' and 'Best Student Film' in the 1988 British Animation Awards, Amore Baciami was shown around the world in festivals including Hong Kong International Film Festival and the Spike and Mike's Festival of Animation in Los Angeles. Excerpts of the film were also shown on MTV's Liquid Television in the US. Amore Baciami was bought by the advertising agency DMB&B. Part of the film was adapted for a long 90 second commercial called Letters of Love - a national campaign for The Royal Mail (Valentine's Day 1989). This cut down version of the film went on to win a Gold Lion at Cannes, a Gold Arrow at the British

masks:
Oliver Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison
Harrison


title: Oliver Harrison

texts: Television Advertising Awards, a D&AD Pencil and the Epica d'Or. Following this success, <mask> was commissioned in 1992 to shoot the titles for Merchant Ivory's film Howards End which subsequently won a host of Oscars . The same year, <mask> signed up with Acme Filmworks in Hollywood and continued to make commercials throughout the 1990s, creating spots for Nike, Inc., Marie Claire, P&O Ferries, The Independent newspaper, Molson Beer, Toyota, IBD and MTV to name a few.<mask>'s Toyota Rav 4 commercial, an experimental shoot combining motion control footage with live action, became 'Top spot of the Week' in Shoot magazine in 1996. Despite his flourishing advertising career, <mask> was keen to continue making his own films. In a departure from his rostrum-based animation he chose to make his next film using a motion control rig. Spirit of Place (1992) was one the first films to take advantage of the relatively new technology, picking up an award at Cork Film Festival for its 35mm cinematography (D.O.P Doug Foster). Later - in 2015 - Spirit of Place featured in the Institute of Contemporary Arts' exhibition: Poetry FIlm Parallax curated by Zata Banks. In 2016 the exhibition was invited by the Bauhaus Film-Institut to play at the Backup Film Festival in Weimar. Love is All (2000), a 'three-minute epic' notable for its use of multiple exposures, was shot on 35mm film using a 1917 Bell and Howell camera.The film was shown in over 70 festivals around the world and was selected for the Cannes Film Festival Director's Fortnight in 2000, also receiving the Jury Prize at the New York Expo of Short Films and the Jury prize at the Oberhausen Film Festival. The film went on general release in

masks: Oliver Harrison Harrison Harrison


title: Oliver Harrison

texts: cinemas with various films in 2000; Time Out described Love is All as 'an ineffable sweet ode d’amour'. The film was screened at Tate Modern London has part of Thresholds of the Frame and was featured in the Barbican Centre exhibition: Passionate Obsessions. Apocalypse Rhyme (2012) was commissioned by Channel 4's Random Acts and produced by Animate Projects in conjunction with Lupus Films. It was <mask>'s first animated film using After Effects. Described by Lucy Felbusch as 'devastating and beautiful' in Savage, the film was also featured in the Italian magazine Artribune  and listed in the Creative Bloc 'must see examples of kinetic typography'.The film went on to win Best Motion Graphics in the British Animation Awards 2014. The Fallen Word (2013) was written and directed by <mask> and his first feature-length film.Described as 'a sinister fairy-tale', it starred Julian Bleach, Steve Smith, Will Strange, Jim Conway, Emma Hill, Dominic Cazenove and Gavin Molly. The film premiered at The BFI Southbank in May 2013, coinciding with the release of The Fallen Word and Collected Films DVD, which was published by Animate Projects and funded by Arts Council England. Jordan Mooney, writing in The Cat on the Wall, said of the film: ' His work has a quality that carries the unusual themes and fantastical elements that reminds one irresistibly of Kubrick'. <mask> was commissioned by the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam to animate a series of short films for the opera Dream of the Song written by Sir George Benjamin and featuring the celebrated countertenor Bejun Mehta. The films were projected live behind the orchestra in two performances in January 2019. <mask> is currently working on a new

masks:
Oliver
Harrison
Harrison
Oliver Harrison


title: Oliver Harrison

texts:
 animated short film called Aria due to be finished in 2023. Early music career
<mask> played drums with the punk band Satan's Rats from Evesham and, at the age of 17, signed a record contract with DJM Records.The band released three singles, their third, "You Make me Sick", was produced by Dr Feelgood producer Vic Maile. Satan's Rats played in The Roxy in London and various clubs across the country, including Barbarella's in Birmingham. On 18 December 1977, they supported The Sex Pistols at their second gig at the Wolverhampton Lafayette Club, as part of the infamous Spots tour. Satan's Rats also played a one-off gig in HM Prison Long Lartin, where the band met John McVicar who was helping with the equipment. In 1979, the band changed its name to The Photos and were joined by singer Wendy Wu. At the end of a bidding war the band ended up signing to CBS in 1980. It was the biggest record deal for an unknown band at that time.The Photos spent much of the time gigging, playing in the early days with The Adverts, The Cure, John Cooper Clarke and The Fall and later toured the UK supporting The Undertones and Squeeze. Once, at The Marquee in Wardour Street on 13 July 1980, they were supported by an unknown up and coming Irish group called U2. Later Jools Holland and the Millionaires supported The Photos on another UK tour. When The Photos played Manchester Polytechnic, they were reviewed by Morrissey in the Record Mirror, writing under his full name Steven Morrissey. The review was also featured in the book, Morrissey and Marr the Severed Alliance. He said of <mask>:

At the height of their powers, The Photos went on a stadium tour supporting The Police in Europe. The band made a

masks: Harrison Oliver


title: Oliver Harrison

texts:
 number of TV appearances including Top Pop in Holland in 1980 and The Old Grey Whistle Test in 1981.They headlined  the Lyceum in London supported by the Thompson Twins in 1981. Their highest single entry was "Irene" which reached number 56 in the UK Singles Chart in May 1980. The eponymously named first album got to number 4 in the UK Albums Chart, although it was surrounded by controversy that the record company had hyped it (unbeknownst to the band). The Photos recorded a second album with Tony Visconti in his Good Earth Studios in Soho, London. The album was not released until 2012 by Cherry Red Records. The band split from Wendy Wu in 1982, securing another record deal as a three piece with Rialto Records. The new line up released a couple of ill-fated singles.Disillusioned with the music industry, <mask> left in 1982 to pursue a career in art. Filmography

Short films
 Amore Baciami (1988)
 Time (1990)
 Spirit of Place (1992)
 Love is All (2000)
 Apocalypse Rhyme (2012)

Feature film
 The Fallen Word (2013)

Commissioned work
 Howards End - title sequence (1992)
 Dolly Thompsett - animated paintings (2011)
 Into the Little Hill -  opera (2017)

Commercials
 Royal Mail - Letters of Love (1989)
 Marie Claire - You reach Me (1989)
 Nike - 180 (1989)
 Nike - All Conditions Gear (1990)
 P&O Ferries - Hotel (1991)
 Rav 4 - Typographer's Dream (1995)
 Molson Beer - Yin or Yang (1996)
 Independent Newspaper (1999)

Incidentals and Super 8 films
 Rose tinted Super 8 (2016)
 Love is All Super 8 - behind the scenes (2016)

Awards

References

External links

Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English film directors
People from Stratford-upon-Avon
English rock


title: Alan Scarfe

texts:
<mask> (born 8 June 1946) is a British-Canadian actor, stage director and author. He is a former Associate Director of the Stratford Festival (1976–77) and the Everyman Theatre in Liverpool (1967–68). He won the 1985 Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in The Bay Boy and earned two other Genie best actor nominations for Deserters (1984) and Overnight (1986) and a Gemini Award nomination for best actor in aka Albert Walker (2003). He won a Jessie Award for best actor in 2005 for his performance in Trying at the Vancouver Playhouse. In 2006 he won the Jury Prize for best supporting actor at the Austin Fantastic Fest in The Hamster Cage and the Vancouver Film Critics Circle honorary award for lifetime achievement. Personal life
Scarfe was born in Harpenden, England, the son of Gladys Ellen (née Hunt) and <mask>, both university professors. <mask> was the Founding Dean of the Faculty of Education at UBC and served in that position from 1956-1973.<mask> has a son named <mask> who is also an actor and director. He was married to Barbara March from 1979 until her death from cancer in 2019. They had a daughter named Antonia (Tosia) <mask> who is a musician and composer. Jonathan and Tosia collaborated on the short film Speak, Jonathan as director, Tosia as composer and performer of the title song, which won the Grand Jury Prize in the Short Category at Dances with Films in Los Angeles in 2001. He has two brothers; <mask> who was a professor of astronomy at the University of Victoria, and <mask>, who was a professor of economics at the University of

masks:
Alan John Scarfe
Neville Vincent Scarfe
Neville Scarfe
Alan
Jonathan Scarfe
Scarfe
Colin Scarfe
Brian Scarfe


title: Alan Scarfe

texts:
 Manitoba, University of Alberta, University of Regina, a senior university administrator at Alberta and Regina, and an Economics Consultant. <mask> describes himself as a lifelong atheist. Career
He trained at the London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art (1964–66) and began his career as a classical stage actor.He has performed well over 100 major roles in theatres across Europe (London, Liverpool, Coventry, Paris, Lille, Copenhagen, The Hague, Madrid, Warsaw, Kraków, Moscow and St. Petersburg), Canada (eight seasons at the Stratford Festival, 1972-3, 1976-9, 1985, 1992, two seasons at the Shaw Festival, 1970, 1974, as well as Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto, Montreal and Halifax) and the United States (New York, Boston, New Haven, Stamford, Philadelphia, Seattle, Dallas and Los Angeles), including King Lear, Othello, Hamlet, Iago, Brutus, Cassius, Petruchio, Prospero, Cyrano de Bergerac, Doctor Faustus, Luther, Uncle Vanya, Verlaine, John Barrymore in Sheldon Rosen's Ned and Jack and Harras in Zuckmayer's The Devil's General. He is also a stage director whose productions have ranged from the works of Shakespeare to Albee, Brecht, Beckett, Arthur Miller, Harold Pinter, Yevgeny Schwarz and Preston Jones. He has also been a familiar face on television and film for more than forty years. He played NSA member Dr. Bradley Talmadge, the director of the Backstep Project operations, on the UPN series Seven Days. He also had guest roles as two separate Romulan characters in Star Trek: The Next Generation and as Magistrate Augris in the Star Trek: Voyager episode "Resistance". In 2003 he co-starred


title: Alessandro Strumia

texts:
<mask> (born 26 December 1969) is an Italian physicist at the University of Pisa. His research focuses on high energy physics, beyond the Standard Model, studying the flavour of elementary particle, charge conjugation parity (CP) symmetry violations, and the Higgs boson. In September 2018, <mask> gave a controversial presentation at CERN's first Workshop on High Energy Theory and Gender, where he claimed that male, not female scientists, were the victims of discrimination on the part of universities. Education
<mask> obtained his PhD in 1995, at the University of Pisa, where his doctoral advisor was Riccardo Barbieri. His thesis was titled Supersymmetric unification. Career
<mask>'s research specialization is in physics beyond the Standard Model. In 1995, with Riccardo Barbieri and Lawrence J.Hall, he studied flavour and CP violations, present in supersymmetric unified theories even in absence of any flavour or CP violation in the input for the soft-supersymmetry breaking parameters. He is one of the originators of the idea of Minimal Flavor Violation, a proposal to characterize the effects of flavor transitions in new theories of particle physics. In 2004, together with Riccardo Barbieri, Alex Pomarol and Riccardo Rattazzi, <mask> laid out a conceptually clear and practically useful framework for the analysis of the combined electroweak precision data of the low- and high-energy phases of the LEP experiments. After the OPERA experiment reported an observation of neutrinos apparently traveling faster than light, <mask> in collaboration with Gian Giudice and Sergey Sibiryakov showed that superluminal neutrinos would imply some anomalies in the velocities of electrons and muons as a result of quantum-mechanical effects.

masks:
Alessandro Strumia
Strumia
Strumia
Strumia
Alessandro Strumia
Strumia


title: Alessandro Strumia

texts: Such anomalies could be already ruled out from existing data on cosmic rays, thus contradicting the OPERA results. After the discovery of the Higgs boson, he computed the probability that the Higgs vacuum undergoes quantum tunnelling, finding that the universe is in a critical state which will eventually end in a cosmic collapse. He joined the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN)'s theory division as a fellow in 2000, and as a member of the CMS Collaboration, he was a credited coauthor on the paper which announced the Higgs boson discovery; his primary affiliation was Estonia's National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics.Along with Joseph Lykken and other collaborators, he later proposed the "modified naturalness" hypothesis for the Higgs boson's mass. While at CERN in June 2018, <mask> and Riccardo Torre worked on a new set of algorithms with which to evaluate the impact of published scientific research. Basing their investigation on PageRank used by Google, they proposed a similar system of ranking scientific papers and authors. Researchers had "mixed reaction", suggesting that it would be useful for "lifetime achievement" but possibly subject to "transparency issues". The "simplicity" of current methods of evaluation allows for gaming the system. The difference in <mask> and Torres' approach is that they include what they describe as "second-generation" and later-generation citations in their algorithms. Therefore, not only the original citations of the work are taken into account, but subsequent citations to derivative material also.They named their systems PaperRank and AuthorRank. They also proposed a system called CitationCoin to reduce the effect of groups who "inflate" each other citation

masks: Strumia Strumia


title: Alessandro Strumia

texts:
 count. Controversies

Using pictures of conference slides
Marco Cirelli and <mask> were amongst multiple teams that used digital photos from a conference presentation by other authors in 2008 in Stockholm for a subsequent publication. The presentation showed a highly anticipated but yet unpublished measurement of the positron fraction in cosmic rays by the PAMELA collaboration. Talk on gender discrimination
On 28 September 2018, <mask> gave a presentation at CERN's first Workshop on High Energy Theory and Gender that provoked considerable controversy. Citing an analysis he had performed on data from the InSpire database, he tested the idea that there is a gender bias against women within the academic circles of physics. He claimed that his results suggest that male scientists were victims of discrimination.On 30 September 2018, CERN released a short statement, removed the slides of Strumia's presentation from its conference website and on October 1, suspended him from his "invited scientist" position, due to a breach of Code of Conduct (naming a CERN employee in the presentation). On 1 October 2018, the University of Pisa released a statement signaling the opening of an ethical investigation. Strumia's talk was condemned in a public letter titled “High Energy Physics Community Statement” on a website called “Particles for Justice” on 2 October. As of 13 October, it received nearly 4,000 signatures from scientists working in High Energy Physics and related fields, including those of John Ellis, Howard Georgi and David Gross. In response, a rebuttal titled "Justice For Strumia" was published online along with a petition for reinstatement of Strumia. Subsequently, the petition and the list of "2370 signatories from 90

masks:
Alessandro Strumia
Strumia


title: Inigo Campioni

texts:
<mask> (14 November 1878 –  24 May 1944) was an Italian naval officer during most of the first half of the 20th century. He served in four wars, and is best known as an admiral in the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) during World War II. He was later executed by the Italian Social Republic for refusing to collaborate. Birth and early career
<mask> was born in Viareggio, Province of Lucca, Italy, on 14 November 1878. He entered the Italian Naval Academy at Leghorn (Livorno) in 1893. He graduated in 1896 and was promoted from midshipman to ensign in 1898 and then to lieutenant in 1905. Campioni participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–1912, serving as an officer aboard the armored cruiser Amalfi.World War I

During World War I, Campioni served aboard the battleships Conte di Cavour and Andrea Doria. He was promoted to lieutenant commander in 1916 and became commanding officer of the destroyer , which under his command escorted numerous convoys and served with distinction in a naval engagement in September 1917 in the northern Adriatic Sea. For the latter action, Campioni received the Bronze Medal of Military Valor. In December 1918, just after the conclusion of the war, he received the War Merit Cross. Interwar years
After World War I, Campioni was promoted to commander in 1919 and to captain-lieutenant in 1926. He led naval design programs at the weapons laboratory at La Spezia and became the Italian naval attaché to France in Paris. In 1929 he took command of the battleship Duilio.After leaving Duilio, he became chief of staff of the First Fleet embarked on the heavy cruiser Trieste, and from May 1930 to May 1931 he served as commanding officer of

masks:
Inigo Campioni
Campioni


title: Inigo Campioni

texts:
 with Contrammiraglio Luigi Mascherpa and others by a firing squad composed of youths aged 17 and 18 in the city square at Parma on 24 May 1944. The Italian Republic posthumously awarded Campioni the Gold Medal of Military Valor in November 1947.He is buried in the military cemetery at Bari, Italy. Awards and honors

 Commander of the Military Order of Savoy

 Gold Medal of Military Valour (posthumous)

 Bronze Medal of Military Valor

 War Merit Cross

See also
Battle of the Mediterranean
Battle of Calabria
Battle of Taranto
Operation White
Battle of Cape Spartivento
Dodecanese Campaign

Notes

References
Marina Militare: <mask> CAMPIONI, Ammiraglio di Squadra, Medaglia d'oro al Valor Militare alla
 ABC-CLIO SCHOOLS History and the Headlines: Vanzo, John P., and Gordon E. Hogg, "Campioni, <mask> (1878–1944)"
Stewart, Walter. Admirals of the World: A Biographical Dictionary, 1500 to the Present. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc., 2009. .

1878 births
1944 deaths
Burials in Apulia
Commanders of the Military Order of Savoy
People from Viareggio
People of former Italian colonies
Italian admirals
Italian military personnel of the Italo-Turkish War
Italian military personnel of World War I
Regia Marina personnel of World War II
Italian military personnel killed in World War II
Recipients of the War Merit Cross (Italy)
Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor
Recipients of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
Greece in World War II
Executed Italian people
People executed by the Italian Social Republic
People executed by Italy by firing squad
Members of the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy
20th-century Italian politicians
Dodecanese under

masks: Inigo Inigo


title: Jan Baptist Zangrius

texts:
<mask> (died 1606 in Leuven) was a Flemish engraver, publisher, typographer and bookseller. His name is mostly spelled as <mask>, but is also known as de Sanger, de Zangre, Zangre, and Zangré. Biographical data
He was active in Leuven between 1595 and 1606 and by all probability he was a relative of the publishers and typographists Petrus (1559–1623) and <mask> (1585–1610). In 1601, Zangrius engraved the portraits of Infante Isabella, her husband archduke Albrecht Habsburg, governor of the Low Countries, and Justus Lipsius. These engravings were also part of his 1602 (or 1605) work titled Album Amicorum containing 67 engravings, namely 46 womanly costumes and armorial cartouches, 9 small and 11 bigger armorial engravings. It is one of the earliest examples of heraldic pavilions (by all probability after Jean-Jacques Boissard). The small armorial shields are empty.The womanly costumes were engraved after the tables of Julius Goltzius, to be found in the following title:  Jean Jacques Boissard, Habitvs Variarvm Orbis gentium. Habitz de Nations estra:[n]ges. Trachten mancherley Voelcker des Erdskreysz, Cum Priuilegio Caesaro, Cum Priuilegio Regio, 1581 [Mechelen, Caspar Rutz]

Zangrius in heraldry
According to some authors, <mask> developed the earliest hatching system in heraldry, identical with the present day hatching method, seen on his armorial chart of Brabant. (<mask> Zangre, Representation de l'Ancienne et Souveraine Duche de Brabant, ses Villes, Dignitez et Dependences, Comme Lothier, Limborghe et Pays de Outre Meuse, Louvain, 1600. Measures: 49 x 56.3 cm). Though manufactured by Arnold van Rincvelt,

masks:
Jan Baptist Zangrius
Johannes Baptista Zangrius
Philippus Zangrius
Zangrius
Jean Baptiste


title: Jan Baptist Zangrius

texts:
 Marcus Vulson de la Colombière (1639), respectively differ from the method developed by <mask> in the way of hatching of the colour Sable. Thus, it almost seems evident that Petra Sancta or de la Colombière modeled their systems after <mask>' hatching table. <mask> inscribed into the oval escutcheon of his hatching table both the heraldic and standard French language appellations of the given tinctures as follows – Or, Argent, Geulle [gueules] and Rouge (gules), Azur and Bleu (azure), Sinople and Verd [Vert] (vert). The hatching used by him for these tinctures is identical with contemporary hatching methods.The only difference in Zangrius' system was the hatching of the colour sable (Sable and Noir by Zangrius), i.e. crossing of vertical and diagonal lines from the heraldic left to right instead of the present day's crossing of vertical and horizontal lines. Works
Albvm Amicorvm Habitibvs Mvliervm Omniv[m] Natoinv[m] Evropae, tvm Tabvlis as Scvtis Vacvis in aes Incisis Adonatvm, Vt quisque et sÿmbola et insignia sua gentilitia in ÿs depingi commode curare possit; Lovanii Apud Ioannem Baptistam Zangrium. Anno 1599

Published engravings
Hollstein‘s Dutch & Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts 1450-1700. Volume LVIII, I. Wyngaerden to Anthony van Zylvelt. Compided by Jeroen de Scheemaker, Edited by D. De Hoop Scheffer. Sound & Vision Publishers Rotterdam 2001, in co-operation with the Rijksprentenkabinet, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam.pp. 40–64. Gallery

Literature
 Füßli, H. H. : Allgemeiner Künstlerlexikon, Zweiter Theil, Elfter Abschnitt, Zürich 1820
 Hollstein, F. W. H.: Dutch & Flemish etchings, engravings

masks: Zangrius Zangrius Zangrius


title: John McCain

texts: <mask> (August 29, 1936 – August 25, 2018) was an American politician, statesman, and United States Navy officer who served as a United States Senator for Arizona from 1987 until his death in 2018. He previously served two terms in the United States House of Representatives and was the Republican nominee for president of the United States in the 2008 election, which he lost to Barack Obama. <mask> graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1958 and received a commission in the United States Navy. He became a naval aviator and flew ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. During the Vietnam War, <mask> almost died in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. While on a bombing mission during Operation Rolling Thunder over Hanoi in October 1967, he was shot down, seriously injured, and captured by the North Vietnamese. <mask> was a prisoner of war until 1973.He experienced episodes of torture and refused an out-of-sequence early release. During the war, <mask> sustained wounds that left him with lifelong physical disabilities. He retired from the Navy as a captain in 1981 and moved to Arizona. In 1982, <mask> was elected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served two terms. He was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1986, succeeding the 1964 Republican presidential nominee and conservative icon Barry Goldwater upon his retirement. <mask> easily won reelection five times. While generally

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title: John McCain

texts: adhering to conservative principles, <mask> also gained a reputation as a "maverick" for his willingness to break from his party on certain issues, including LGBT rights, gun regulations, and campaign finance reform where his stances were more moderate than those of the party's base.<mask> was investigated and largely exonerated in a political influence scandal of the 1980s as one of the Keating Five; he then made regulating the financing of political campaigns one of his signature concerns, which eventually resulted in passage of the McCain–Feingold Act in 2002. He was also known for his work in the 1990s to restore diplomatic relations with Vietnam. <mask> chaired the Senate Commerce Committee from 1997 to 2001 and 2003 to 2005, where he opposed pork barrel spending and earmarks. He belonged to the bipartisan "Gang of 14", which played a key role in alleviating a crisis over judicial nominations. <mask> entered the race for the Republican nomination for president in 2000 but lost a heated primary season contest to Governor George W. Bush of Texas. He secured the Republican presidential nomination in 2008, beating fellow candidates Mitt Romney and Mike Huckabee, though he lost the general election to Barack Obama. <mask> subsequently adopted more orthodox conservative stances and attitudes and largely opposed actions of the Obama administration, especially with regard to foreign policy matters.In

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title: John McCain

texts:
 2015, he became Chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee. He refused to support then-Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump in 2016; <mask> won re-election to a sixth and final term that same year. <mask> was a vocal critic of the Trump administration. While <mask> opposed the Obama-era Affordable Care Act (ACA), he cast the deciding vote against the ACA-repealing American Health Care Act of 2017. After being diagnosed with brain cancer in 2017, he reduced his role in the Senate in order to focus on treatment. He died in 2018 aged 81. Following his death, <mask> lay in state in the Arizona State Capitol rotunda and then in the United States Capitol rotunda.His funeral was televised from the Washington National Cathedral, with the former presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama giving eulogies. Early life and military career (1936–1981)

Early life and education

<mask> <mask> was born on August 29, 1936, at Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, to naval officer <mask><mask> Jr. and Roberta (Wright<mask>. He had an older sister, Sandy, and a younger brother, Joe. At that time, the Panama Canal was under U.S. control. <mask>'s family tree includes Scotch-Irish and English ancestors. His great-great-great-grandparents owned High Rock Farm, a plantation in Rockingham County, North Carolina. His father and his paternal grandfather, <mask><mask> Sr., were also Naval Academy

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 graduates and both became four-star admirals in the United States Navy.The <mask> family moved with their father as he took various naval postings in the United States and in the Pacific. As a result, the younger <mask> attended a total of about 20 schools. In 1951, the family settled in Northern Virginia, and <mask> attended Episcopal High School, a private preparatory boarding school in Alexandria. He excelled at wrestling and graduated in 1954. He referred to himself as an Episcopalian as recently as June 2007, after which date he said he came to identify as a Baptist. Following in the footsteps of his father and grandfather, <mask> entered the United States Naval Academy, where he was a friend and informal leader for many of his classmates and sometimes stood up for targets of bullying. He also fought as a lightweight boxer.Nicknamed "<mask>" "for his attitude and popularity with the opposite sex." <mask> did well in academic subjects that interested him, such as literature and history, but studied only enough to pass subjects that gave him difficulty, such as mathematics. He came into conflict with higher-ranking personnel and did not always obey the rules. "He collected demerits the way some people collect stamps." His class rank (894 of 899) was not indicative of his intelligence nor his IQ. <mask> graduated in 1958. Naval training, first marriage, and Vietnam War assignment

<mask> began his

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title: John McCain

texts: early military career when he was commissioned as an ensign, and started two and a half years of training at Pensacola to become a naval aviator.While there, he earned a reputation as a man who partied. He completed flight school in 1960, and became a naval pilot of ground-attack aircraft; he was assigned to A-1 Skyraider squadrons aboard the aircraft carriers  and  in the Caribbean and Mediterranean Seas. <mask> began as a sub-par flier who was at times careless and reckless; during the early to mid-1960s, two of his flight missions crashed, and a third mission collided with power lines, but he received no major injuries. His aviation skills improved over time, and he was seen as a good pilot, albeit one who tended to "push the envelope" in his flying. On July 3, 1965, <mask> was 28 when he married Carol Shepp, who had worked as a runway model and secretary. <mask> adopted her two young children, Douglas and Andrew. He and Carol then had a daughter whom they named Sidney.The same year, he was a one-day champion on the game show Jeopardy!. <mask> requested a combat assignment, and was assigned to the aircraft carrier  flying A-4 Skyhawks. His combat duty began when he was 30 years old in mid-1967, when Forrestal was assigned to a bombing campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, during the Vietnam War. Stationed in the Gulf of Tonkin, <mask> and his fellow pilots became frustrated by micromanagement from


title: John McCain

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 Washington, and he later wrote, "In all candor, we thought our civilian commanders were complete idiots who didn't have the least notion of what it took to win the war." On July 29, 1967, <mask> was a lieutenant commander when he was near the center of the USS Forrestal fire. He escaped from his burning jet and was trying to help another pilot escape when a bomb exploded; <mask> was struck in the legs and chest by fragments. The ensuing fire killed 134 sailors and took 24 hours to control.With the Forrestal out of commission, <mask> volunteered for assignment with the , another aircraft carrier employed in Operation Rolling Thunder. There, he was awarded the Navy Commendation Medal and the Bronze Star Medal for missions flown over North Vietnam. Prisoner of war

<mask> was taken prisoner of war on October 26, 1967. He was flying his 23rd bombing mission over North Vietnam when his A-4E Skyhawk was shot down by a missile over Hanoi. <mask> fractured both arms and a leg when he ejected from the aircraft, and nearly drowned after he parachuted into Trúc Bạch Lake. Some North Vietnamese pulled him ashore, then others crushed his shoulder with a rifle butt and bayoneted him. <mask> was then transported to Hanoi's main Hỏa Lò Prison, nicknamed the "Hanoi Hilton".Although <mask> was seriously wounded and injured, his captors refused to treat him. They beat and interrogated him to get information, and he

masks: McCain McCain McCain McCain McCain McCain McCain


title: John McCain

texts: was given medical care only when the North Vietnamese discovered that his father was an admiral. His status as a prisoner of war (POW) made the front pages of major American newspapers. <mask> spent six weeks in the hospital, where he received marginal care. He had lost , he was in a chest cast, and his gray hair had turned white. <mask> was sent to a different camp on the outskirts of Hanoi. In December 1967, <mask> was placed in a cell with two other Americans, who did not expect him to live more than a week.In March 1968, <mask> was placed into solitary confinement, where he remained for two years. In mid-1968, his father <mask><mask> Jr. was named commander of all U.S. forces in the Vietnam theater, and the North Vietnamese offered <mask> early release because they wanted to appear merciful for propaganda purposes, and also to show other POWs that elite prisoners were willing to be treated preferentially. <mask> refused repatriation unless every man taken in before him was also released. Such early release was prohibited by the POWs' interpretation of the military Code of Conduct, which states in Article III: "I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy." To prevent the enemy from using prisoners for propaganda, officers were to agree to be released in the order in which they were captured. Beginning in August 1968, <mask> was subjected to a program of severe torture. He was

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texts: bound and beaten every two hours; this punishment occurred at the same time that he was suffering from heat exhaustion and dysentery.Further injuries brought <mask> to "the point of suicide," but his preparations were interrupted by guards. Eventually, <mask> made an anti-U.S. propaganda "confession." He had always felt that his statement was dishonorable, but as he later wrote, "I had learned what we all learned over there: every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine." Many U.S. POWs were tortured and maltreated in order to extract "confessions" and propaganda statements; virtually all of them eventually yielded something to their captors. <mask> received two to three beatings weekly because of his continued refusal to sign additional statements. <mask> refused to meet various anti-war groups seeking peace in Hanoi, wanting to give neither them nor the North Vietnamese a propaganda victory.From late 1969, treatment of <mask> and many of the other POWs became more tolerable, while <mask> continued to resist the camp authorities. <mask> and other prisoners cheered the U.S. "Christmas Bombing" campaign of December 1972, viewing it as a forceful measure to push North Vietnam to terms. <mask> was a prisoner of war in North Vietnam for five and a half years, until his release on March 14, 1973, along with 108 other prisoners of war. His wartime injuries left him permanently incapable of raising

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title: John McCain

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 his arms above his head. After the war, <mask>, accompanied by his family and his second wife Cindy, returned to the site on a few occasions in efforts of trying to come to terms with what had happened to him there during his capture. Commanding officer, liaison to Senate, and second marriage

<mask> was reunited with his family when he returned to the United States. His wife Carol had been severely injured by an automobile accident in December 1969.She was then four inches shorter, in a wheelchair or on crutches, and substantially heavier than when he had last seen her. As a returned POW, he became a celebrity of sorts. <mask> underwent treatment for his injuries that included months of physical therapy. He attended the National War College at Fort McNair in Washington, D.C. during 1973–1974. He was rehabilitated by late 1974, and his flight status was reinstated. In 1976, he became Commanding Officer of a training squadron that was stationed in Florida. He improved the unit's flight readiness and safety records, and won the squadron its first-ever Meritorious Unit Commendation.During this period in Florida, he had extramarital affairs, and his marriage began to falter, about which he later stated: "The blame was entirely mine". <mask> served as the Navy's liaison to the U.S. Senate beginning in 1977. In retrospect, he said that this represented his "real entry into the world of politics, and the

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title: John McCain

texts: beginning of my second career as a public servant." His key behind-the-scenes role gained congressional financing for a new supercarrier against the wishes of the Carter administration. In April 1979, <mask> met Cindy Lou Hensley, a teacher from Phoenix, Arizona, whose father had founded a large beer distributorship. They began dating, and he urged his wife, Carol, to grant him a divorce, which she did in February 1980; the uncontested divorce took effect in April 1980. The settlement included two houses, and financial support for her ongoing medical treatments due to her 1969 car accident; they remained on good terms.<mask> and Hensley were married on May 17, 1980, with Senators William Cohen and Gary Hart attending as groomsmen. <mask>'s children did not attend, and several years passed before they reconciled. <mask> and <mask> entered into a prenuptial agreement that kept most of her family's assets under her name; they kept their finances apart, and filed separate income tax returns. <mask> decided to leave the Navy. It was doubtful whether he would ever be promoted to the rank of full admiral, as he had poor annual physicals and had not been given a major sea command. His chances of being promoted to rear admiral were better, but he declined that prospect, as he had already made plans to run for Congress and said he could "do more good there." <mask> retired from the Navy as a captain on April

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 1, 1981.He was designated as disabled and awarded a disability pension. Upon leaving the military, he moved to Arizona. His numerous military decorations and awards include: the Silver Star, two Legion of Merits, Distinguished Flying Cross, three Bronze Star Medals, two Purple Hearts, two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals, and the Prisoner of War Medal. House and Senate elections and career (1982–2000)

U.S. Representative

<mask> set his sights on becoming a representative because he was interested in current events, was ready for a new challenge, and had developed political ambitions during his time as Senate liaison. Living in Phoenix, he went to work for Hensley & Co., his new father-in-law Jim Hensley's large Anheuser-Busch beer distributorship. As vice president of public relations at the distributorship, he gained political support among the local business community, meeting powerful figures such as banker Charles Keating Jr., real estate developer Fife Symington III (later Governor of Arizona) and newspaper publisher Darrow "Duke" Tully. In 1982, <mask> ran as a Republican for an open seat in Arizona's 1st congressional district, which was being vacated by 30-year incumbent Republican <mask> Rhodes.A newcomer to the state, <mask> was hit with charges of being a carpetbagger. <mask> responded to a voter making that charge with what a Phoenix Gazette columnist later described as "the

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title: John McCain

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 most devastating response to a potentially troublesome political issue I've ever heard":

<mask> won a highly contested primary election with the assistance of local political endorsements, his Washington connections, and money that his wife lent to his campaign. He then easily won the general election in the heavily Republican district. In 1983, <mask> was elected to lead the incoming group of Republican representatives, and was assigned to the House Committee on Interior Affairs. Also that year, he opposed creation of a federal Martin Luther King Jr. Day, but admitted in 2008: "I was wrong and eventually realized that, in time to give full support [in 1990] for a state holiday in Arizona." At this point, <mask>'s politics were mainly in line with those of President Ronald Reagan; this included support for Reaganomics, and he was active on Indian Affairs bills. He supported most aspects of the foreign policy of the Reagan administration, including its hardline stance against the Soviet Union and policy towards Central American conflicts, such as backing the Contras in Nicaragua.<mask> opposed keeping U.S. Marines deployed in Lebanon, citing unattainable objectives, and subsequently criticized President Reagan for pulling out the troops too late; in the interim, the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing killed hundreds. <mask> won re-election to the House easily in 1984, and gained a spot on the House Foreign


title: John McCain

texts:
 Affairs Committee. In 1985, he made his first return trip to Vietnam, and also traveled to Chile where he met with its military junta ruler, General Augusto Pinochet. Growing family

In 1984, <mask> and Cindy had their first child, daughter Meghan, followed two years later by son <mask> IV and in 1988 by son James. In 1991, Cindy brought an abandoned three-month-old girl needing medical treatment to the U.S. from a Bangladeshi orphanage run by Mother Teresa. The <mask>s decided to adopt her and she was named Bridget. First two terms in the U.S. Senate

<mask>'s Senate career began in January 1987, after he defeated his Democratic opponent, former state legislator Richard Kimball, by 20 percentage points in the 1986 election.<mask> succeeded Arizona native, conservative icon, and the 1964 Republican presidential nominee Barry Goldwater upon Goldwater's retirement as U.S. senator from Arizona for 30 years. In January 1988, <mask> voted in favor of the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987, and voted to override President Reagan's veto of that legislation the following March. Senator <mask> became a member of the Armed Services Committee, with which he had formerly done his Navy liaison work; he also joined the Commerce Committee and the Indian Affairs Committee. He continued to support the Native American agenda. As first a House member and then a senator—and as a lifelong gambler with close ties to

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title: John McCain

texts:
 the gambling industry—<mask> was one of the main authors of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, which codified rules regarding Native American gambling enterprises. <mask> was also a strong supporter of the Gramm-Rudman legislation that enforced automatic spending cuts in the case of budget deficits. <mask> soon gained national visibility.He delivered a well-received speech at the 1988 Republican National Convention, was mentioned by the press as a short list vice-presidential running mate for Republican nominee George H. W. Bush, and was named chairman of Veterans for Bush. Keating Five

<mask> became embroiled in a scandal during the 1980s, as one of five United States senators comprising the so-called Keating Five. Between 1982 and 1987, <mask> had received $112,000 in lawful political contributions from Charles Keating Jr. and his associates at Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, along with trips on Keating's jets that <mask> belatedly repaid, in 1989. In 1987, <mask> was one of the five senators whom Keating contacted in order to prevent the government's seizure of Lincoln, and <mask> met twice with federal regulators to discuss the government's investigation of Lincoln. In 1999, <mask> said: "The appearance of it was wrong. It's a wrong appearance when a group of senators appear in a meeting with a group of regulators, because it conveys the impression of undue and improper influence. And

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title: John McCain

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 it was the wrong thing to do."In the end, <mask> was cleared by the Senate Ethics Committee of acting improperly or violating any law or Senate rule, but was mildly rebuked for exercising "poor judgment". In his 1992 re-election bid, the Keating Five affair was not a major issue, and he won handily, gaining 56 percent of the vote to defeat Democratic community and civil rights activist Claire Sargent and independent former governor, Evan Mecham. Political Independence
<mask> developed a reputation for independence during the 1990s. He took pride in challenging party leadership and establishment forces, becoming difficult to categorize politically. As a member of the 1991–1993 Senate Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs, chaired by fellow Vietnam War veteran and Democrat, <mask>, <mask> investigated the Vietnam War POW/MIA issue, to determine the fate of U.S. service personnel listed as missing in action during the Vietnam War. The committee's unanimous report stated there was "no compelling evidence that proves that any American remains alive in captivity in Southeast Asia." Helped by <mask>'s efforts, in 1995 the U.S. normalized diplomatic relations with Vietnam.<mask> was vilified by some POW/MIA activists who, despite the committee's unanimous report, believed large numbers of Americans were still held against their will in Southeast Asia. From January 1993 until his death, <mask> was Chairman of

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 the International Republican Institute, an organization partly funded by the U.S. government that supports the emergence of political democracy worldwide. In 1993 and 1994, <mask> voted to confirm President Clinton's nominees Stephen Breyer and Ruth Bader Ginsburg whom he considered to be qualified for the U.S. Supreme Court. He later explained that "under our Constitution, it is the president's call to make." <mask> had also voted to confirm nominees of Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, including Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas. Campaign Finance Reform
McCain attacked what he saw as the corrupting influence of large political contributions—from corporations, labor unions, other organizations, and wealthy individuals—and he made this his signature issue.Starting in 1994, he worked with Democratic Wisconsin Senator Russ Feingold on campaign finance reform; their <mask>ingold bill attempted to put limits on "soft money". The efforts of <mask> and Feingold were opposed by some of the moneyed interests targeted, by incumbents in both parties, by those who felt spending limits impinged on free political speech and might be unconstitutional as well, and by those who wanted to counterbalance the power of what they saw as media bias. Despite sympathetic coverage in the media, initial versions of the McCain–Feingold Act were filibustered and never came to a vote. The term "maverick Republican"

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title: John McCain

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 became a label frequently applied to <mask>, and he also used it himself. In 1993, <mask> opposed military operations in Somalia. Another target of his was pork barrel spending by Congress, and he actively supported the Line Item Veto Act of 1996, which gave the president power to veto individual spending items but was ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1998. In the 1996 presidential election, <mask> was again on the short list of possible vice-presidential picks, this time for Republican nominee Bob Dole.The following year, Time magazine named <mask> as one of the "25 Most Influential People in America". In 1997, <mask> became chairman of the powerful Senate Commerce Committee; he was criticized for accepting funds from corporations and businesses under the committee's purview, but in response said the small contributions he received were not part of the big-money nature of the campaign finance problem. <mask> took on the tobacco industry in 1998, proposing legislation that would increase cigarette taxes in order to fund anti-smoking campaigns, discourage teenage smokers, increase money for health research studies, and help states pay for smoking-related health care costs. Supported by the Clinton administration but opposed by the industry and most Republicans, the bill failed to gain cloture. Start of third term in the U.S. Senate

In November 1998, <mask> won re-election to a third


title: John McCain

texts: Senate term; he prevailed in a landslide over his Democratic opponent, environmental lawyer Ed Ranger. In the February 1999 Senate trial following the impeachment of Bill Clinton, <mask> voted to convict the president on both the perjury and obstruction of justice counts, saying Clinton had violated his sworn oath of office. In March 1999, <mask> voted to approve the NATO bombing campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, saying that the ongoing genocide of the Kosovo War must be stopped and criticizing past Clinton administration inaction.Later in 1999, <mask> shared the Profile in Courage Award with Feingold for their work in trying to enact their campaign finance reform, although the bill was still failing repeated attempts to gain cloture. In August 1999, <mask>'s memoir Faith of My Fathers, co-authored with Mark Salter, was published; a reviewer observed that its appearance "seems to have been timed to the unfolding Presidential campaign." The most successful of his writings, it received positive reviews, became a bestseller, and was later made into a TV film. The book traces <mask>'s family background and childhood, covers his time at Annapolis and his service before and during the Vietnam War, concluding with his release from captivity in 1973. According to one reviewer, it describes "the kind of challenges that most of us can barely imagine. It's a fascinating history of a


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 remarkable military family." 2000 presidential campaign

<mask> announced his candidacy for president on September 27, 1999, in Nashua, New Hampshire, saying he was staging "a fight to take our government back from the power brokers and special interests, and return it to the people and the noble cause of freedom it was created to serve".The frontrunner for the Republican nomination was Texas Governor George W. Bush, who had the political and financial support of most of the party establishment, whereas <mask> was supported by many moderate Republicans and some conservative Republicans. <mask> focused on the New Hampshire primary, where his message appealed to independents. He traveled on a campaign bus called the Straight Talk Express. He held many town hall meetings, answering every question voters asked, in a successful example of "retail politics", and he used free media to compensate for his lack of funds. One reporter later recounted that, "<mask> talked all day long with reporters on his Straight Talk Express bus; he talked so much that sometimes he said things that he shouldn't have, and that's why the media loved him." On February 1, 2000, he won New Hampshire's primary with 49 percent of the vote to Bush's 30 percent. The Bush campaign and the Republican establishment feared that a <mask> victory in the crucial South Carolina primary might give his campaign unstoppable momentum.The Arizona


title: John McCain

texts: Republic wrote that the <mask> primary contest in South Carolina "has entered national political lore as a low-water mark in presidential campaigns", while The New York Times called it "a painful symbol of the brutality of American politics". A variety of interest groups, which <mask> had challenged in the past, ran negative ads. Bush borrowed <mask>'s earlier language of reform, and declined to dissociate himself from a veterans activist who accused <mask> (in Bush's presence) of having "abandoned the veterans" on POW/MIA and Agent Orange issues. Incensed, <mask> ran ads accusing Bush of lying and comparing the governor to Bill Clinton, which Bush said was "about as low a blow as you can give in a Republican primary". An anonymous smear campaign began against <mask>, delivered by push polls, faxes, e-mails, flyers, and audience plants. The smears claimed that <mask> had fathered a black child out of wedlock (the <mask>s' dark-skinned daughter was adopted from Bangladesh), that his wife Cindy was a drug addict, that he was a homosexual, and that he was a "Manchurian Candidate" who was either a traitor or mentally unstable from his North Vietnam POW days. The Bush campaign strongly denied any involvement with the attacks.<mask> lost South Carolina on February 19, with 42 percent of the vote to Bush's 53 percent, in part because Bush mobilized the state's evangelical voters and outspent <mask>. The win

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 allowed Bush to regain lost momentum. <mask> said of the rumor spreaders, "I believe that there is a special place in hell for people like those." According to one acquaintance, the South Carolina experience left him in a "very dark place". <mask>'s campaign never completely recovered from his South Carolina defeat, although he did rebound partially by winning in Arizona and Michigan a few days later. He made a speech in Virginia Beach that criticized Christian leaders, including Pat Robertson and Jerry Falwell, as divisive conservatives, declaring "... we embrace the fine members of the religious conservative community. But that does not mean that we will pander to their self-appointed leaders."<mask> lost the Virginia primary on February 29, and on March7 lost nine of the thirteen primaries on Super Tuesday to Bush. With little hope of overcoming Bush's delegate lead, <mask> withdrew from the race on March 9, 2000. He endorsed Bush two months later, and made occasional appearances with the Texas governor during the general election campaign. Senate career (2000–2008)

Remainder of third Senate term

<mask> began 2001 by breaking with the new George W. Bush administration on a number of matters, including HMO reform, climate change, and gun control legislation; <mask> was opposed by Bush as well. In May 2001, <mask> was one of only two Senate Republicans to vote against the Bush tax cuts. Besides

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title: John McCain

texts: the differences with Bush on ideological grounds, there was considerable antagonism between the two remaining from the previous year's campaign. Later, when a Republican senator, Jim Jeffords, became an Independent, thereby throwing control of the Senate to the Democrats, <mask> defended Jeffords against "self-appointed enforcers of party loyalty".Indeed, there was speculation at the time, and in years since, about <mask> himself leaving the Republican Party, but <mask> had always adamantly denied that he ever considered doing so. Beginning in 2001, <mask> used political capital gained from his presidential run, as well as improved legislative skills and relationships with other members, to become one of the Senate's most influential members. After the September 11, 2001, attacks, <mask> supported Bush and the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. He and Democratic senator Joe Lieberman wrote the legislation that created the 9/11 Commission, while he and Democratic senator Fritz Hollings co-sponsored the Aviation and Transportation Security Act that federalized airport security. In March 2002, <mask>ingold, officially known as the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, passed in both Houses of Congress and was signed into law by President Bush. Seven years in the making, it was <mask>'s greatest legislative achievement. Meanwhile, in discussions over proposed U.S. action against Iraq, <mask> was a strong

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title: John McCain

texts: supporter of the Bush administration's position.He stated that Iraq was "a clear and present danger to the United States of America", and voted accordingly for the Iraq War Resolution in October 2002. He predicted that U.S. forces would be treated as liberators by a large number of the Iraqi people. In May 2003, <mask> voted against the second round of Bush tax cuts, saying it was unwise at a time of war. By November 2003, after a trip to Iraq, he was publicly questioning Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, saying that more U.S. troops were needed; the following year, <mask> announced that he had lost confidence in Rumsfeld. In October 2003, <mask> and Lieberman co-sponsored the Climate Stewardship Act that would have introduced a cap and trade system aimed at returning greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; the bill was defeated with 55 votes to 43 in the Senate. They reintroduced modified versions of the Act two additional times, for the final time in January 2007 with the co-sponsorship of Barack Obama, among others. In the 2004 U.S. presidential election campaign, <mask> was once again frequently mentioned for the vice-presidential slot, only this time as part of the Democratic ticket under nominee <mask>.<mask> said that Kerry had never formally offered him the position and that he would not have accepted it if he had. At the 2004 Republican National Convention, <mask> supported Bush for

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