title: Joseph Desha

texts:
 Assemblies, noting in particular that Holley's salary as president exceeded his own. Finally, <mask> claimed that under Holley, Transylvania had become too elitist and could not be otherwise, given the high cost of attendance. Holley, who had traveled to Frankfort to speak with Desha and the legislature, was present for <mask>'s speech. Afterward, he decided instead to return to Lexington and tender his resignation. Sympathetic members of the university's board of trustees convinced Holley to remain for another year.Kentucky historian James C. Klotter opined that, with Holley's departure, "perhaps the state's best chance for a world-class university had passed." Gubernatorial legacy and transition

The numerous controversies of <mask>'s term severely damaged his reputation. Harrison recorded that a visitor to Kentucky remarked in 1825, "[Desha] is said by some to possess talents; I have never been furnished with evidence." Harrison further noted that "[b]y 1828, many Kentuckians would have agreed with that assessment." <mask> supported William T. Barry, the Democratic-Republican gubernatorial nominee, to succeed him. Early reports showed Barry leading his opponent, National Republican Thomas Metcalfe, but the final margin favored Metcalfe. Not only did <mask> not agree with Metcalfe politically, he believed that the governorship should go to a high-born aristocrat.Although Metcalfe was the son of a Revolutionary War soldier, his nickname of "Old Stone Hammer" indicated his pride in his trade of masonry, which was considered a common profession. Due to a constitutional quirk, Metcalfe's term was scheduled to begin eight days before the expiration of <mask>'s. <mask> charged that


title: Joseph Desha

type: original

texts:
 Metcalfe was not allowing him to finish out his term and threatened not to vacate the governor's mansion until his term officially ended. Clark records as legend that, after drinking heavily at a local tavern, Metcalfe and some of his supporters formed a mob and went to the governor's mansion to evict him by force. Accounts in the local newspapers of the time instead record that the Deshas left the mansion peacefully without intervention by Metcalfe. Later life and death
At the expiration of his term as governor, <mask> retired from public life to his farm in Harrison County. During the final years of his life, <mask> and his wife Margaret moved to Georgetown, Kentucky, where one of his sons, a physician, lived.<mask> died at his home in Georgetown, Kentucky, on October 11, 1842, and was buried on the grounds. The state erected a monument over his grave. In 1880, both <mask>'s body and the monument were moved to Georgetown Cemetery. See also
Beauchamp–Sharp Tragedy
History of Kentucky

References

Bibliography

External links

<mask> at The Political Graveyard

1768 births
1842 deaths
Farmers from Kentucky
American militiamen in the War of 1812
American militia generals
American people of the Northwest Indian War
Governors of Kentucky
Kentucky Democratic-Republicans
Kentucky state senators
Members of the Kentucky House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky
People from Kentucky in the War of 1812
People from Monroe County, Pennsylvania
1816 United States presidential electors
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Democratic-Republican Party state governors of the United States
19th-century

masks:
Desha
Desha
Desha
Desha
Joseph Desha


title: Henry Hodges

texts:
<mask> (born June 1, 1993) is an American actor, voice actor and singer. Beginning his acting career at the age of four, <mask> is best known for his musical theatre roles on Broadway; starring as "Chip" in Beauty and the Beast, as "Jeremy Potts" in Chitty Chitty Bang Bang and as "Michael Banks" in Mary Poppins. Early life
<mask> was born on June 1, 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland. He has one sibling, an older sister named Charly (born in 1987). <mask> began his acting career at the age of four and, at the age of eight, he appeared as Tiny Tim in the Ford's Theatre production of A Christmas Carol in Washington, DC. He subsequently performed in numerous operas over two seasons at The Kennedy Center. After appearing in his second season at Ford's Theater, he was invited to audition for Disney and was selected to play the part of Chip in the tour of Beauty and the Beast.Career

Broadway
<mask> portrayed the role of the loveable teacup "Chip", the son of "Mrs. Potts", for seven months in the National Tour of Beauty and the Beast in 2003. He was invited to play the same part on Broadway in New York City, where he shared the stage with Christy Carlson Romano, who portrayed "Belle". In 2005, he originated the role of "Jeremy Potts" in the Broadway production of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, playing the role from First Preview to the Closing Night performance, never missing a show. <mask>' performance garnered the attention of Theatrical Producers Cameron Mackintosh and Thomas Schumacher and in 2006 he was cast as an original "Michael Banks" in the successful Broadway production of Mary Poppins, playing the part for over a year and a half. One of the many highlights of being part of the show was when <mask> performed with the cast on the 2007 Tony Awards National Broadcast, where Mary Poppins was nominated for 8 Tony Awards. Next for <mask> was portraying the roles of MacDuff son and Fleance in the 2008 Broadway production of

masks:
Henry Hodges
Hodges
Hodges
Hodges
Hodges
Hodges
Hodges
Hodges


title: Henry Hodges

texts:
 Shakespeare's Macbeth, starring Patrick Stewart. He then was part of the Original Broadway Musical 13, by acclaimed Broadway composer Jason Robert Brown, understudying the roles of Archie, Evan, Richie, and Simon.Each year, casts from Broadway shows perform holiday songs for the annual CD fundraiser Carols for a Cure and <mask> can be heard as a soloist on Volumes 6, 7 and 8. He was also an active member of Broadway Kids Care, which brings together young actors from current and past Broadway shows to do community service work. Regional Theater
<mask> began his acting career as a young boy in productions of Salome, Idomeneo, M. Butterfly at the Washington Opera and Macbeth with the Kirov Opera, under the direction of famed Opera singer Plácido Domingo. He also performed as Tiny Tim for two seasons in Ford's Theatre production of A Christmas Carol. As a teenager, <mask> performed at the Tony winning Hartford Stage in two productions. The first was in the role of Jem in To Kill a Mockingbird, with Matthew Modine, which broke all box-office records for Hartford Stage. The second was portraying Horace Robedaux at age 14 in the acclaimed Horton Foote play, The Orphans' Home Cycle.<mask> reprised his role when the show transferred for a successful run at the Signature Theatre in New York City where it garnered a Drama Desk Award for the "Theatrical Event of the Season'. Next for <mask> was being a part of another fantastic Disney experience. This time <mask> was Flounder in the re-envisioned production of Disney's The Little Mermaid at Sacramento Music Circus. Among the changes to the show was that Flounder was now a teenager. In addition to showcasing his acting, singing and dancing in the part, he also was able to showcase his love of wave boarding, as he added that skill to his "Under the Sea" role. In 2014, <mask> performed the lead role of Billy McPherson in the original musical The Kid Who Would Be Pope at Ars

masks: Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges


title: Henry Hodges

texts:
 Nova in New York City. The musical was the recipient of the 2013 Richard Rodgers Award and American Harmony Prize.In 2015, <mask> reprised his role as Flounder in Disney's The Little Mermaid, this time at the Alabama Shakespeare Theatre. The following summer in 2016, <mask> returned to the Alabama Shakespeare Theatre to perform in the musical that led him to his Broadway Journey - this time playing the role of LeFou in Disney's Beauty and the Beast. Film and Television
<mask> has done voice-over work in a variety of commercials throughout his career. Fans of the Disney "Buddies" movies will recognize <mask> as the voice of the mischievous golden retriever Mudbud in Snow Buddies, with Whoopi Goldberg, and Space Buddies, with Nolan Gould. He has also appeared in the role of Superhero in the film See You in September, again with Whoopi Goldberg. <mask> took fans behind the scenes of Broadway's Mary Poppins in the Disney Channel's "Disney 365" and has co-starred on the television show Elementary. Books
In 2007, Disney Theatrical President Thomas Schumacher featured <mask> in his interactive book published by Disney, "How Does the Show Go On".He wrote an essay on a day in his life as a working actor on Broadway. <mask> also helped launch the book with its author at a signing at Barnes and Noble in New York City. <mask> enjoyed being a part of the book so much that he wanted to write a book of his own, chronicling his acting experiences and sharing advice with other kids who are interested in getting into Show Business. In 2013, <mask>' book, How to Act Like a Kid, was published by Disney. <mask>' book launched with a discussion/signing at the Drama Book Shop in New York City. He also made appearances at several literary events, including: The Library of Congress National Book Festival in Washington DC (where he was the youngest of 100 authors invited to speak and participate), The Junior Theater Festival in Atlanta

masks: Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges Hodges


title: Henry Hodges

texts:
 (as a Celebrity Guest) and at the Chicago Literary Festival. Personal life
Since beginning his career at the age of 4, <mask> has enjoyed portraying a variety of roles on Broadway, Off-Broadway, Regional Theater, Readings, Recordings, TV and Film.He has also found success as an author in his Disney book, "How to Act Like a Kid". <mask> enjoys many activities and can be seen riding his unicycle 40 and 50 miles a day around Manhattan. He also taught himself how to play the ukulele and has enjoyed performing and singing on the ukulele at coffee houses and SiriusXM Radio. His other skills include: Acrobatics, Ballet - Pointe, Tap, Flying By Foy, Freerunning, Wave Boarding, Skate Boarding, Juggling, Fencing and Various Accents. Résumé

Film
2008 Snow Buddies.....Mudbud
2008 Space Buddies.....Mudbud
2010 See You in September.....Superhero

Broadway
2004–2005 Beauty and the Beast (Replacement).....Chip
2005 Chitty Chitty Bang Bang  (Original Cast).....Jeremy Potts
2006–2008 Mary Poppins  (Original Cast).....Michael Banks
2008 Macbeth  (Original Cast).....MacDuff's son and Fleance
2008–2009 13  (Original Cast).....Understudy: Archie, Evan, Richie, Simon

Off-Broadway
 2009–2010 The Orphans' Home Cycle - Signature Theater (Original Cast).....Horace Robedaux

Regional Theater
 2001 A Christmas Carol - Ford's Theater, Washington DC.....Tiny Tim
 2009 To Kill a Mockingbird - Hartford Stage.....Jem
 2009 The Orphans' Home Cycle - Hartford Stage (Original Cast).....Horace Robedaux
 2012 The Little Mermaid- Sacramento Music Circus (Original Cast) ....Flounder

Awards

References

 The Best Connecticut Stage Performances in 2009 - Behind the Curtain | Frank Rizzo

External links

 Broadway Kids Care

1993 births
Male actors from Washington, D.C. Male actors from Maryland
American male child actors
American child singers
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
Living people
People from Bethesda,

masks: Hodges Hodges


title: Prince Andrew Romanoff

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>v; 21 January 1923 – 28 November 2021) was a Russian American artist and author. He was a grand-nephew of Russia's last Tsar, Nicholas II. He was a great-great-grandson in the male line of Emperor Nicholas I of Russia and since the death of Prince Dimitri Romanov in 2016 a claimant to the headship of the House of Romanov. After Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh's death, Romanoff became the oldest living descendant of King Christian IX of Denmark. Family bonds

<mask> belonged to the fourth branch of the Mikhailovich line of the House of Romanov. He was a great-great-grandson of Emperor Nicholas I and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in a straight male line. Through his grandmother, Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, he was a great-grandson of Emperor Alexander III and Empress Maria Feodorovna.Through his great-grandmother, Empress Maria Feodorovna, <mask> was a great-great-great-great-grandson of King George II of Great Britain, and therefore related to the royal families of Britain, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Belgium, and Monaco. Additionally, through the same descent, <mask> was related to the former royal families of Prussia and Germany, Greece, Romania, and Serbia sometime Yugoslavia. Through the Belgian royal family, who are also descended from King George II's grandmother, Sophia of Hanover, <mask> was further related to the former Italian, and Austro-Hungarian royal families, as well as the Bonaparte heirs of Emperor Napoleon. Childhood and education
<mask> was born on 21 January 1923 in London, England, into the family of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia (1897–1981) and his first wife Princess Elizabeth Fabricievna, née Duchess of Sasso-Ruffo and Princess of San-Antimo. His godfather was the future King Edward VIII. The third child and youngest son in the family, <mask> spent his childhood with his sister, Princess

masks:
Prince Andrew Romanoff
Andrew Andreievich Romano
Andrew Andreievich
Andrew Andreievich
Andrew Andreievich
Andrew Andreievich
Andrew Andreievich
Andrew Andreievich


title: Prince Andrew Romanoff

texts:
 Xenia Andreievna, and his brother, Prince Michael Andreievich, in the guest house of Windsor Castle – granted to his family by King George V. Until age 12, he studied at home and received a private traditional education, characteristic for the House of Romanov. Then he studied at Haileybury and Imperial Service College.Life in the United States
Following his discharge from the British Royal Navy at the end of World War II, <mask> became an intern on an English farm in Kent, learning to become an agronomist. He also worked in a special garden near London. Finding no further prospects in Europe, after the invitation in 1949 of his uncle <mask> Alexandrovich, along with his cousin <mask> Nikitich, and having only 800 dollars in his pocket, he immigrated to the United States on a cargo ship carrying racehorses, pigeons, and eight passengers. After settling in California, he started working in a store, then worked with his uncle at California Packing, where he grew tomatoes using hydroponics and worked on the introduction of new varieties of vegetables. He studied sociology and criminology at the University of California at Berkeley. Then he worked as a broker in a shipping company and spent three years in Japan and Korea. After his return to San Francisco, <mask> became a real estate agent.He also worked as a simple employee behind the chair factory and became a designer. He became a naturalised U.S. citizen on 20 December 1954. Following the death of his second wife, he moved to the city of Inverness, Marin County, California, where he worked as a carpenter and joiner, and later was engaged in a jewellery business. He began to draw as a primitive artist, without formal art education, drawing pictures by intuition and relying on imagination. <mask> also engaged in artistic photography. After retirement, he devoted himself entirely to art. On his preferred medium of

masks:
Andrew Andreievich
Prince Vasily
Prince Nikita
Andrew Andreievich
Andrew Andreievich


title: Prince Andrew Romanoff

texts:
 Shrinky Dinks (plastic sheets that shrink by two-thirds when cooked in an oven), he drew and painted, shrinking the scenes, then mounted them on painted panels.<mask>'s artwork was firmly rooted in the traditions of American folk art. His work typically depicted personal memories, impressions of American news, culture, and scenes of domestic life. <mask> lived with his wife, the American painter Inez Storer, in Inverness, California. In 2007, he released an autobiography called The Boy Who Would Be Tsar, illustrated with his artwork. His work has been exhibited worldwide, including recent exhibitions at Gallery 16 in San Francisco. He died on November 28, 2021, at an assisted living facility in San Anselmo, California. Marriages and children
<mask> married three times.He was married firstly in San Francisco on 9 September 1951 to Elena Konstantinovna Durnova (5 May 1927, Tokyo, Japan – 31 May 1992, Oakland, California). She was the only daughter of Russian nobleman Konstantin Afanasievich Durnovo (1896–1970) and wife Felixa Stanislavovna Zapalska (1903–2002). They had one son before divorcing in 1959:

 <mask> Andreievich Romanov (born 27 April 1953, San Francisco). He graduated from St. Mary's High School in San Francisco, and then studied at the University of California, Berkeley. Currently, he owns a company which provides accounting and fiduciary services to individuals. He married on 19 September 1987 in Oakland, California, to Zoetta "Zoe" Leisy (born 25 November 1956, Memphis, Tennessee), daughter of Robert Leisy and wife Ellen Telfer. No issue.He was married secondly to Kathleen Norris (1 March 1935, San Francisco – 8 December 1967, San Francisco) in San Francisco on 21 March 1961. She was a paternal granddaughter of American authors Charles Gilman Norris and wife Kathleen Norris. She died after pneumonia at age 32. They had two children:

 <mask> Andreievich

masks:
Andrew
Andrew Andreievich
Prince Andrew
Prince Alexis
Prince Peter


title: Prince Andrew Romanoff

texts:
 Romanov (born 21 November 1961, San Francisco). He worked as an auto mechanic. His current job is also related to cars. He married on 2 May 2009 in Marin County, California, Barbara Anne Jurgens (born 1968).No issue. He is first in the line of succession to the title of the head of the Romanov Family. <mask> Andreievich Romanov (born 20 February 1963, San Francisco). He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley and works as a Project Manager. He married on 12 July 1986 in Point Reyes Station, California, to Elizabeth Flores (born 25 April 1964, San Francisco). She is daughter of Armando Flores and wife Cecil Sherrod. He is second in the line of succession to the title of the head of the Romanov Family.They have one daughter:
 Princess Natasha Catherine Romanov (born 2 February 1993, Greenbrae, California). She graduated with honours in Psychology from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 2016. He was married thirdly on 17 December 1987 in Reno, Nevada, to the American artist Inez Storer (née Bachelin; born 11 October 1933, Santa Monica, California). She is daughter of Franz Bachelin and wife Anita Hirschfeld. Title and style
His Highness <mask> Andreievich of Russia

Since the Russian revolution, members of the Romanov family have tended to drop the territorial designation "of Russia" and use the princely title with the surname Romanov. Ancestry

References

External links
 The Boy Who Would Be Tsar: The Art Of <mask> Romanoff
 Romanov Family Association
 NPR Interview, January 2007 with <mask>ff: "The Boy Who Would Be Tsar"

1923 births
2021 deaths
People from London
American people of Russian descent
British emigrants to the United States
People educated at the Imperial Services College
English people of Russian descent
House of Romanov in exile
Pretenders to the Russian throne
People from Inverness, California
Naturalized citizens of the United

masks:
Prince Andrew
Prince Andrew
Prince Andrew
Andrew Romano


title: Pierre Corneille

texts:
<mask> (; 6 June 1606 – 1 October 1684) was a French tragedian. He is generally considered one of the three great seventeenth-century French dramatists, along with Molière and Racine. As a young man, he earned the valuable patrionate of Cardinal Richelieu, who was trying to promote classical tragedy along formal lines, but later quarrelled with him, especially over his best-known play, Le Cid, about a medieval Spanish warrior, which was denounced by the newly formed Académie française for breaching the unities. He continued to write well-received tragedies for nearly forty years. Biography

Early years

<mask> was born in Rouen, Normandy, France, to Marthe Le Pesant and <mask>, a distinguished lawyer. His younger brother, <mask>, also became a noted playwright. He was given a rigorous Jesuit education at the Collège de Bourbon (Lycée Pierre-Corneille since 1873), where acting on the stage was part of the training.At 18 he began to study law, but his practical legal endeavours were largely unsuccessful. Corneille's father secured two magisterial posts for him with the Rouen department of Forests and Rivers. During his time with the department, he wrote his first play. It is unknown exactly when he wrote it, but the play, the comedy Mélite, surfaced when Corneille brought it to a group of traveling actors in 1629. The actors approved of the work and made it part of their repertoire. The play was a success in Paris, and Corneille began writing plays on a regular basis. He moved to Paris in the same year and soon became one of

masks:
Pierre Corneille
Corneille
Pierre Corneille
Thomas Corneille


title: Pierre Corneille

texts:
 the leading playwrights of the French stage.His early comedies, starting with Mélite, depart from the French farce tradition by reflecting the elevated language and manners of fashionable Parisian society. <mask> describes his variety of comedy as "une peinture de la conversation des honnêtes gens" ("a painting of the conversation of the gentry"). His first true tragedy is Médée, produced in 1635. The year 1634 brought more attention to <mask>. He was selected to write verses for Cardinal Richelieu's visit to Rouen. The Cardinal took notice of Corneille and selected him to be among  ("The Five Poets"; also translated as "the society of the five authors"). The others were Guillaume Colletet, Boisrobert, Jean Rotrou, and Claude de L'Estoile.The five were selected to realize Richelieu's vision of a new kind of drama that emphasized virtue. Richelieu would present ideas, which the writers would express in dramatic form. However, the Cardinal's demands were too restrictive for <mask>, who attempted to innovate outside the boundaries defined by Richelieu. This led to contention between playwright and employer. After his initial contract ended, <mask> left  and returned to Rouen. Querelle du Cid
In the years directly following this break with Richelieu, <mask> produced what is considered his finest play. Le Cid (al sayyid in Arabic; roughly translated as "The Lord") is based on the play Mocedades del Cid (1621) by Guillem de Castro.Both plays were based on the legend of Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (nicknamed "El Cid Campeador"), a

masks: Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille


title: Pierre Corneille

texts:
 heightened severely by <mask>'s boastful poem Excuse À Ariste, in which he rambled and boasted about his talents and claimed that no other author could be a rival. These poems and pamphlets were made public, one after the other, as once "esteemed" playwrights traded slanderous blows. At one point, <mask> took several shots at criticizing author Jean Mairet's family and lineage. Scudéry, a close friend of Mairet at the time, did not stoop to Corneille's level of "distastefulness", but instead continued to pillory Le Cid and its violations.Scudéry even stated of Le Cid that, "almost all of the beauty which the play contains is plagiarized." This "war of pamphlets" eventually influenced Richelieu to call upon the Académie française to analyze the play. In their final conclusions, the Academy ruled that even though <mask> had attempted to remain loyal to the unity of time, Le Cid broke too many of the unities to be a valued piece of work. The controversy, coupled with the Academy's ruling proved too much for <mask>, who decided to return to Rouen. When one of his plays was reviewed unfavorably, <mask> was known to withdraw from public life. He remained publicly silent for some time; privately, however, he was said to be "troubled and obsessed by the issues, making numerous revisions to the play." Response to the Querelle du Cid
After a hiatus from the theater, Corneille returned in 1640.The Querelle du Cid caused <mask> to pay closer attention to classical dramatic rules. This was evident in his next plays, which were

masks: Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille


title: Pierre Corneille

texts: classical tragedies, Horace (1640, dedicated to Richelieu), Cinna (1643), and Polyeucte (1643). These three plays and Le Cid are collectively known as Corneille's "Classical Tetralogy". <mask> also responded to the criticisms of the Académie by making multiple revisions to Le Cid to make it closer to the conventions of classical tragedy. The 1648, 1660, and 1682 editions were no longer subtitled "tragicomedy", but "tragedy". <mask>'s popularity grew and by the mid 1640s, the first collection of his plays was published. <mask> married Marie de Lampérière in 1641.They had seven children together. In the mid to late 1640s, Corneille produced mostly tragedies, La Mort de Pompée (The Death of Pompey, performed 1644), Rodogune (performed 1645), Théodore (performed 1646), and Héraclius (performed 1647). He also wrote one comedy in this period, Le Menteur (The Liar, 1644). In 1652, the play Pertharite met with poor critical reviews and a disheartened <mask> decided to quit the theatre. He began to focus on an influential verse translation of The Imitation of Christ by Thomas à Kempis, which he completed in 1656. After an absence of nearly eight years, <mask> was persuaded to return to the stage in 1659. He wrote the play Oedipe, which was favored by Louis XIV.In the next year, <mask> published Trois discours sur le poème dramatique (Three Discourses on Dramatic Poetry), which were, in part, defenses of his style. These writings can be seen as <mask>'s response to the Querelle du Cid. He simultaneously maintained the importance of

masks: Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille Corneille


title: Pierre Corneille

texts:
 classical dramatic rules and justified his own transgressions of those rules in Le Cid. <mask> argued the Aristotelian dramatic guidelines were not meant to be subject to a strict literal reading. Instead, he suggested that they were open to interpretation. Although the relevance of classical rules was maintained, <mask> suggested that the rules should not be so tyrannical that they stifle innovation. Later plays
Even though Corneille was prolific after his return to the stage, writing one play a year for the 14 years after 1659, his later plays did not have the same success as those of his earlier career.Other writers were beginning to gain popularity. In 1670 <mask> and Jean Racine, one of his dramatic rivals, were challenged to write plays on the same incident. Each playwright was unaware that the challenge had also been issued to the other. When both plays were completed, it was generally acknowledged that <mask>'s Tite et Bérénice (1671) was inferior to Racine's play (Bérénice). Molière was also prominent at the time and <mask> even composed the comedy Psyché (1671) in collaboration with him (and Philippe Quinault). Most of the plays that <mask> wrote after his return to the stage were tragedies. They included  (The Golden Fleece, 1660), Sertorius (1662), Othon (1664), Agésilas (1666), and Attila (1667).He wrote his last piece Suréna in 1674; it was a complete failure. After this, he retired from the stage for the final time and died at his home in Paris in 1684. His grave in the Église Saint-Roch went without a


title: Pierre Corneille

texts:
 monument until 1821. Legacy
The dramatist, author and philosopher Voltaire created, with the support of the Académie française, a twelve-volume annotated set of <mask>'s dramatic works, the Commentaires sur Corneille. It was Voltaire's largest ever work of literary criticism. Voltaire's proposal to the Académie described Corneille as doing for the French language what Homer had done for Greek: showing the world that it could be a medium for great art. Voltaire was driven to defend classic French literature in the face of increasingly popular foreign influences such as William Shakespeare.This is reflected in the first edition of the Commentaires, published in 1764, which focused on <mask>'s better works and had relatively muted criticisms. By the second edition, published ten years later, Voltaire had come to a more negative assessment of <mask> and a stronger view on the need for objective criticism. He added five hundred critical notes, covering more works and taking a more negative tone. Critics' opinions of <mask> were already highly polarised. Voltaire's intervention polarised the debate further and some critics saw his criticisms as pedantic and driven by envy. In the 19th century, the tide of opinion turned against Voltaire. Napoleon expressed a preference for <mask> over Voltaire, reviving the former's reputation as a dramatist while diminishing the latter's.<mask>'s Irony. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 2007. Harrison, Helen. Pistoles/Paroles: Money and Language in Seventeenth-Century French Comedy.


title: Pierre Corneille

texts:
 Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 1996. Hubert, J. D. <mask>'s Performative Metaphors. Charlottesville: Rookwood Press, 1997.Nelson, Robert J<mask>: His Heroes and Their Worlds. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1963. Yarrow, P.J. Corneille. London: Macmillan & Co., 1963. External links

 The Comédie Française Registers Project includes performances from 1680 to 1791. Monologues from Corneille's plays
 Biographical information
 Biography, Bibliography, Analysis, Plot overview
 Thomas a Kempis’ The Imitation of Christ (modern translation)

Works by Corneille online

Cinna
Le Cid, at athena.unige.ch

1606 births
1684 deaths
People from Rouen
Members of the Académie Française
French fantasy writers
Writers from Normandy
17th-century male writers
Burials at Saint-Roch,

masks:
Corneille
. Corneille


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts:
<mask> (May 4, 1928 – January 30, 2017) was an American football player. <mask> played high school football at Flint Central High School and college football at Michigan State University. He was a unanimous All-American in 1951, the first African-American All-American football player at Michigan State. He was also the first Michigan State player to have his jersey number retired by the school. In 1968, he also became the first African-American to serve on the coaching staff at Michigan State. <mask> was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1975. Early years
<mask> was born in Ponca City, Oklahoma in 1928 and moved with his family to Flint, Michigan before his freshman year in high school.His father shined shoes at Flint's Durant Hotel, worked as a hotel porter, and worked in the automobile factories. <mask> did not play football until his senior year  at Flint Central High School. Two of <mask>'s older brothers had died in their youth, one from drowning and the other from pneumonia. <mask>'s mother did not want her youngest son to be injured playing football. Accordingly, <mask> played No.1 trumpet in the high school band and competed in swimming for three years. When Flint Central had a swim meet with Royal Oak High School, the Royal Oak coach "made it known <mask> would not be allowed to swim because a black swimmer had never been in their pool." Flint Central swim coach, Bob Richardson, stood behind <mask> and told the Royal Oak coach that, "if <mask> couldn't swim, then the rest of the Flint Central team would not swim."<mask> became the first black swimmer to enter Royal Oak's pool. As a senior in 1947, <mask>'s mother finally agreed to allow her son to play football. In his first year of football, he

masks:
Don Edwin Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Don Coleman
Coleman
Coleman


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts:
 was selected as an all-state guard and led Flint Central to the state championship. Michigan State football player
After graduating from Flint Central, <mask> enrolled at Michigan State University, then known as Michigan State College. He played principally at the tackle position for Biggie Munn's Michigan State Spartans from 1949 to 1951. At 178 pounds, he was the lightest player on the 1949 Michigan State football team. <mask> made up for what he lacked in size with quickness and intensity.Long-time Michigan State sports information director Fred Stabley in 1972 named <mask> as one of the two best players he saw at Michigan State and recalled that, despite his size, <mask> was "so quick and played with such intensity. He loved to play against big men. The 250 pounders were his meat." In 1952, the Chicago Daily Tribune wrote that <mask> "probably is packed with more football per pound than any man in the United States." <mask> was also Michigan States's first unanimous All-American football player and its first African-American All-American. Michigan State under Biggie Munn and Duffy Daugherty earned a reputation as one of the leaders in racial integration of football, and <mask> was the first of many great African-American stars to play for the Spartans. In 1953, a feature story on racial integration of football cited the example of <mask>:"In 1951, for instance, as for two years previously, their watch-charm  tackle, <mask>, was one of the world's best football players.Weighing only 180 pounds, <mask> employed quickness, agility, brains and courage to win unanimous selection as an All-American in 1951. At Michigan State, he is perpetually nominated as one of the greatest football players of all time." Interviewed

masks:
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Don Coleman
Coleman


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts: in 1996 about Michigan State's role in integrating the sport, <mask> noted, "We changed the rules, changed the game and changed some attitudes. What we did at Michigan State helped everyone take a step closer to better understanding those who before that had no prior contact with one another." As a junior in 1950, <mask> played at every position on the left side of the line for Michigan State and was selected as the Midwest lineman of the week following a season-opening win over the Michigan Wolverines. Michigan coach Bennie Oosterbaan said that <mask>'s only rival among Big Ten lineman was Bronko Nagurski. Oosterbaan added, "Pound for pound, the Big Ten has never seen a better tackler than <mask>, who was smart, quick as a cat, and a deadly, fearless tackler."As a senior year in 1951, <mask> was selected as the Most Valuable Player on the undefeated 1951 Michigan State Spartans football team and received the Governor of Michigan Award. In presenting <mask> with the award, Michigan Governor Mennen Williams said, "A couple of those tackles I saw you make in the Notre Dame game were enough to convince me." <mask> was credited with being the key to the Michigan State offense in 1951. Line coach Duffy Daugherty pointed to a <mask> blocks in the Marquette game as "one of the greatest plays by an offensive lineman that I've ever seen." According to Daugherty, <mask> was knocked to the ground, but got up, caught and passed the Michigan State ball carrier (Leroy Bolden) and "still made the key block that let him go for 33 yards." Daugherty later credited <mask> with "changing the concept of offensive football at Michigan State" and added, "He gave me a lesson which made football a winning proposition at the school for ten of

masks:
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Don Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts: the next twelve years." Daugherty went even further in 1954 with the following words of praise for <mask>:"If you want to pick a player on the basis of how close to perfection he is in whatever position he plays, I'll say <mask> was the greatest."<mask> was also a talented special teams player. Against Michigan in 1951, he tackled the Michigan kick returner on the nine yard line on the opening kickoff. Against Ohio State that same year, he tackled the return man at the seven yard line on the opening kickoff. At the end of the 1951 season, <mask> was selected as a first-team All-American on 13 All-American teams, including teams selected by the Associated Press and United Press. In choosing him for its All-American team, the Associated Press referred to <mask> as "the catlike tackle." <mask> was also the runner-up to Oklahoma's Jim Weatherall for the Outland Trophy. At the Outland Trophy award ceremony, <mask> met Kentucky football coach Paul "Bear" Bryant.Bryant, whose Kentucky Wildcats team was segregated at the time, told <mask>, "You can play on my team anytime." <mask> was also selected to play in three post-season honor games, including the East-West Shrine Game, the Hula Bowl and the College All-Star Game. In an interview with the Chicago Daily Tribune prior to the College All-Star Game in August 1952, <mask> emphasized his pride in being an All-American both athletically and scholastically. He noted, "I think it's wonderful that football gave me a college education." In February 1953, an investigation by the Big Ten Conference revealed that a Michigan State booster organization known as the "Spartan Foundation" had either given or loaned a total of $3,183 to ten players on the 1951 football team, including

masks: Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts:
 <mask>. As a result of the finding, the Conference placed Michigan State on probation for one year. In 1956, the Associated Press reported that the No.7 position on the short side of the Michigan State line was still being called "The <mask> Tackle." Starting with <mask>, Michigan State played only one lineman on the short side between the center and end positions. With <mask> on the short side, "with his speed and ability to knock down a couple of men on any given play," Michigan State placed an emphasis on plays developing from the short side. One of the Michigan State coaches said, "<mask> taught us things about playing tackle we never thought could be done." Professional football and military service
<mask> was drafted by the Chicago Cardinals in the 8th round (88th overall pick) of the 1952 NFL Draft. <mask> initially "turned down all offers" from the Cardinals, saying that he felt he was too small at 185 pounds to make much of a showing in professional football. In August 1952, <mask> noted that any thought he may have had of playing for the Cardinals vanished when he was drafted into the U.S. Army.He was required to report to Fort Lee, Virginia, after appearing in the College All-Star Game in August 1952. <mask> served for two years in the U.S. Army, including one year in Korea. After being discharged from the Army, <mask> signed with the Cardinals and reported to training camp in August 1954. He appeared in the Cardinals' starting lineup for an exhibition game against the Green Bay Packers at Minneapolis. On September 1, 1954, the Cardinals traded <mask> to the Green Bay Packers for defensive halfback Marvin Johnson. <mask> chose not to play for the Packers and instead returned to Flint, Michigan as a school

masks: Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts:
 teacher. Interviewed in 2007, <mask> expressed no regrets at passing on the opportunity: "I haven't regretted anything I've done, including saying no to the Green Bay Packers.Giving up football gave me a chance to get started working with communities. I hope I've been a Jackie Robinson on a smaller scale. I always wanted to set an example and do the right thing. And nothing feels better than when someone says, 'I always wanted to be a <mask>.'" Teacher
Following his retirement from football, <mask> became a teacher at Flint Central High School. He was the first African-American teacher at Flint Central, and eventually became the position of Dean of Students at the school. Michigan State coach and administrator
In April 1968, <mask> left his position as a school principal in Flint to join Duffy Daugherty's coaching staff as an assistant coach.He was the first African-American on Michigan State's coaching staff. That same month, a group of African-American athletes at Michigan State had announced plans to boycott all sports at the university in protest against the lack of African-Americans in coaching, counseling and administration positions. According to a report in the Washington Afro-American, Michigan State was forced to leave its "lily-white hiring" by the "quiet but firm demands of a militant, forward looking student organization. <mask> resigned his coaching position at Michigan State in January 1969 and accepted a new position in the school's residence hall program. At the time of his resignation, <mask> said, "Frankly, I found football coaching was not for me ... During the years I had been out of football, the game had changed so drastically that I feel lost." After his resignation from the coaching staff,

masks:
Coleman
Don Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman
Coleman


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts:
 <mask> held ten different assignments at Michigan State, including assistant dean of the graduate school, counselor and director of minority comprehensive support programs at the Michigan State College of Osteopathic Medicine, and professor emeritus. Health and family
In November 1992, <mask> underwent quadruple bypass surgery.While recovering from the surgery, <mask> suffered a heart attack on Christmas Day 1992. After the heart attack, <mask> worked to maintain his cardiovascular health. Eighteen years after suffering the heart attack, <mask>, at age 81, told an interviewer, "Since then, my cardiovascular experience has gone well." <mask> had been married to his wife, Geraldine, for more than 50 years. They had a daughter, Stephanie. <mask> died on January 30, 2017, at age 88. Honors and awards
<mask> was the first Michigan State football player to have his number retired.On December 14, 1951, Biggie Munn announced that <mask>'s No. 78 would never again be used on a Spartan uniform. An executive from General Motors presented <mask> with a check for $500 on behalf of the people of Flint, Michigan. <mask> has also received numerous other honors and awards, including the following:
<mask> was one of the charter members of the Flint Hall of Fame. In January 1970, <mask> was named to the All-Time Michigan State football team based on ballots collected by the Michigan State Alumni Magazine and Michigan State News. He was also named as the best all-time interior lineman in Michigan State history. In January 1971, <mask> was named to the all-time Hula Bowl team and was named as the outstanding college lineman in the 25-year history of the Hula Bowl.In February 1975, <mask> was inducted into the College Football Hall of

masks: Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman


title: Don Coleman (offensive tackle)

texts:
 Fame. At the time of his induction, <mask> was working as a counselor and director of minority comprehensive support programs in the MSU College of Osteopathic Medicine. On learning of the honor, <mask> said, "This is the greatest honor I've ever received." In 1992, <mask> was a charter inductee into the Michigan State Hall of Fame. In December 1996, <mask> was selected by the Michigan Hall of Fame as the recipient of its second annual Legends Award. References

1928 births
2017 deaths
All-American college football players
American football defensive tackles
American football offensive tackles
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Flint Central High School alumni
Michigan State Spartans football coaches
Michigan State Spartans football players
People from Ponca City, Oklahoma
Players of American football from Flint, Michigan
Players of American football from

masks: Coleman Coleman Coleman Coleman


title: Sisavang Vatthana

texts:
<mask> () or sometimes Savang Vatthana (full title: Samdach Brhat Chao Mavattaha Sri Vitha Lan Xang Hom Khao Phra Rajanachakra Lao Phengdara Parama Sidha Khattiya Suriya Varman Brhat Maha Sri Savangsa Vadhana; 13 November 1907 – 13 May 1978) was the last king of the Kingdom of Laos and the 6th Prime Minister of Laos serving from 29 October to 21 November 1951. He ruled from 1959 after his father's death until his forced abdication in 1975. His rule ended with the takeover by the Pathet Lao in 1975, after which he and his family were sent to a re-education camp by the new government. Early life
Prince Savang <mask> was born on 13 November 1907 at the Royal Palace of Luang Prabang, the son of King Sisavang Vong and Queen Kham-Oun I. He was the second of five children along with Princess Khampheng, Princess Sammathi, Prince Sayasack, and Prince Souphantharangsri. He was also a distant cousin of Prince Souvanna Phouma and Prince Souphanouvong. At the age of 10, Prince Savang was sent to study in France.He attended a lycée in Montpellier and obtained a degree from École Libre des Sciences Politiques (now called Sciences Po) in Paris, where French diplomats were trained. The young heir continued his studies in France, and after a decade overseas, he could no longer speak Lao. Upon his return, he had to be instructed by a palace functionary for years. On 7 August 1930, he married Queen Khamphoui and they had five children, Crown Prince Vong Savang, Prince Sisavang Savang, Prince Sauryavong Savang, Princess Savivanh Savang, and Princess Thala Savang. The family played tennis together, and liked to attend major tournaments on their travels abroad. The prince was also a devout Buddhist and became an authority on the

masks:
Sisavang Vatthana
Vatthana


title: Sisavang Vatthana

texts:
 Sangha, and would later take his role as protector of the state religion seriously. During World War II, he represented his father with the Japanese forces.His father sent him to the Japanese headquarters in Saigon, where he vigorously protested about the Japanese actions, when they invaded Laos and forced them to declare independence from France. King of Laos
In 1951, he served as Prime Minister, and when his father became ill on 20 August 1959, he was named Regent. On 29 October 1959, he informally acceded upon the death of his father. He was, however, never officially crowned and anointed king, deferring his coronation until the cessation of civil war. During his reign, Savang <mask> visited many countries on diplomatic missions. In March 1963, he toured 13 countries, including the United States, where he stopped at Washington, D.C., to meet with President Kennedy. It was the second stop on a tour of 13 of the nations signatory to the Geneva Pact that guaranteed the "neutrality" of the Kingdom of Laos.The first stop had been Moscow, and the Russians showered gifts, including the GAZ-13 Chaika limousines. He was also accompanied by his Prime Minister, Souvanna Phouma. He was active in Lao politics, trying to stabilise his country after the political turmoil started with the Geneva Conference of July 1954, which granted full independence to Laos but did not settle the issue of who would rule. Prince Souvanna Phouma, a neutralist, operated from Vientiane, claiming to be Prime Minister and being recognized by the USSR; Prince Boun Oum of Champassak in the south, right-wing, pro-US, dominated the Pakse area, recognized as Prime Minister by the US; and in the far north, Prince Souphanouvong led the leftist


title: Sisavang Vatthana

texts:
 resistance movement, the Pathet Lao, drawing support from North Vietnam, also claiming to be Prime Minister with the backing of the communists. To avoid argument over whether Souvanna or Boun Oum was the "legitimate" Prime Minister, both sides would deal through the pro-Western King <mask> <mask>. In 1961, a majority of the National Assembly had already voted Boun Oum into power and King <mask> <mask> left Luang Prabang, visiting the capital to give the new government his blessing. But he wanted the Three Princes to form a coalition government, which happened in 1962 but then the coalition government collapsed.In 1964 series of coups and counter coups resulted in the final alignment of the Pathet Lao on one side with the neutralist and right wing factions on the other. From this point the Pathet Lao refused to join any offers of coalition or national elections and the Laotian Civil War began. Abdication and death
On 23 August 1975, Pathet Lao forces entered Vientiane, the last city to be captured. The Phouma Government became effectively powerless for the next few months. On 2 December, Vatthana was forced to abdicate the throne by the Pathet Lao, abolishing the 600-year-old monarchy, and was appointed to the meaningless position of "Supreme Advisor to the President". He refused to leave the country and in 1976 he surrendered the royal palace to the Lao Government, which turned it into a museum, and moved to a nearby private residence where he was later placed under house arrest. In March 1977, fearing Vatthana might escape to lead a resistance, the Communist authorities arrested him along with the Queen, Crown Prince Vong Savang, Prince Sisavang, and his brothers Princes Souphantharangsri and Thongsouk

masks: Sisavang Vatthana Sisavang Vatthana


title: Sisavang Vatthana

texts:
 and sent them to the northern province of Viengxai.He was transported to Xam Neua and imprisoned in "Camp Number One," which held high-ranking officials from the former government. During his time in the camp, he and other members of the royal family were allowed to move freely around their compounds during the day, and were often visited by members of the politburo, including Sopuhanouvong himself. <mask> was the oldest prisoner in the camp and turned 70 during the earlier months of his imprisonment, whereas the average age of prisoners was around 55. In 1978, the government reported that <mask>, Queen Khamphoui, and Crown Prince Vong Savang had died from malaria. The World Press Review reported that they had suffered from the effects of forced labor and starvation. More recent accounts suggest that the King died in mid-March 1980. However, according to Kaysone Phomvihane, <mask> died in 1984, at the age of 77.Following the deaths of <mask> and the Crown Prince, the King's youngest son, Sauryavong Savang, became the head of the Laotian royal family, acting as regent for his nephew Crown Prince, Soulivong Savang, until the regent died in Paris in 2018. Issue
The children of Savang <mask> and Khumphoui as follows:

See also

King Sisavang Vong
Monarchs of Laos
Pathet Lao
Kingdom of Laos
Soth Phetrasy
Laotian Royal Family

References

External links

Photographs of Royal Family of Laos
Death of King Savang <mask> reported

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Laotian royalty
20th-century murdered monarchs
1907 births
1978 deaths
Monarchs of Laos
Pretenders to the Laotian throne
Prime Ministers of Laos
People from Luang Prabang
Laotian anti-communists
Prisoners who died in Laotian detention
Laotian people who died in prison

masks: Vatthana Vatthana Vatthana Vatthana Vatthana Vatthana


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts:
<mask> (17 March 1809 – 5 March 1878) was an English Catholic convert. He founded Mount St Bernard Abbey, a Trappist abbey in Leicestershire, and worked for the reconversion or reconciliation of Britain to Catholicism. Early life
<mask> was the son of <mask> of Garendon Hall, Leicestershire, and Harriet Ducarel, daughter of Gerald Gustavus Ducarel  of Walford, Somerset. The <mask> family of Leicestershire were originally the Phillippses from London. The Garendon estate, near Loughborough, was inherited by <mask>, who adopted the name Phillipps, and married <mask>s. Their son, Charles, adopted the <mask> crest and arms. Steady accumulation of landed property made him one of the "wealthiest commoners" in England.When <mask>-<mask> died in 1862, <mask> took the additional name of <mask>, becoming <mask> <mask> <mask> <mask>. He spent his earliest years at his birthplace and was brought up as a member of the Church of England, receiving his first religious instruction from his uncle, <mask> <mask>, a High Church clergyman. In 1818, <mask> was sent to a private school in South Croxton, whence he was removed in 1820 to Maisemore Court School, near Gloucester, kept by the Rev. George Hodson. The Bishop of Gloucester, Henry Ryder, having married <mask> <mask>, was his uncle by marriage, and so the boy spent Sundays and holidays at the bishop's palace. At school, he met for the first time a Catholic, the Abbé Giraud, a French émigré priest. A visit to Paris in 1823 gave him his first acquaintance with Catholic liturgy.The effect on his mind was shown on his return home when he persuaded the Anglican

masks:
Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps de Lisle
Phillipps de Lisle
Charles March Phillipps
de Lisle
Thomas March
Susan de Lisle
de Lisle
Charles March
Phillipps
Ambrose
Lisle
Ambrose Charles
Lisle
March Phillipps
de Lisle
William March
Phillipps
de Lisle
Sophia March
Phillipps


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts: rector to place a crucifix on the communion table, but this first effort to restore the cross to English churches was stopped by the Bishop of Peterborough. <mask> converted to Catholicism, and immediately left Hodson's school and returned home with his father, who arranged for him to continue his preparation for the university under the private tuition of the Rev. William Wilkinson. He was obliged every Sunday to attend the Anglican church, but did not join in the service. <mask> <mask> was admitted to Trinity College, Cambridge in November 1825, though he did not go into residence there until 16 October 1826. At the university, he found a friend in Kenelm Digby, author of Mores Catholici and The Broadstone of Honour, who was, like himself, a member of a long-established family of the gentry and a recent convert. There was no Roman Catholic chapel then at Cambridge, and every Sunday for two years, the two young Catholics used to ride, fasting, over to St Edmund's College, Ware, a distance of twenty-five miles, for Catholic Mass and Communion.It was on one of these visits to St Edmund's, in April 1828, that <mask> was seized with a serious illness, having broken a blood vessel in his lung. The doctors recommended his father to take him to Italy for the winter, and this necessarily cut short his Cambridge career, so that he had to leave the university without taking his degree. On his return to England in 1829, he became acquainted with the Hon. George Spencer, then an Anglican clergyman, and his conversation was largely instrumental in leading to Spencer's conversion, as the latter admits in

masks:
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Phillipps
de Lisle
de Lisle


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts: his Account of my Conversion—"I passed many hours daily in conversation with Phillipps and was satisfied beyond all expectations with the answers he gave me to the different questions I proposed about the principal tenets and practices of Catholics". The following winter (1830–1831), <mask> again spent in Italy, on which occasion he met Antonio Rosmini-Serbati, who made a great impression on him. On 25 July 1833, <mask> <mask> married Laura Mary, eldest daughter of the Hon. Thomas Clifford, son of Hugh, fourth Baron Clifford of Chudleigh, in the Church of St James, Spanish Place, London.<mask> <mask> gave his son possession of the second family estate, the manor of Grace-Dieu in Leicestershire, which before the Protestant Reformation had been the Augustinian Grace Dieu Priory. Here <mask> built a new manor-house Grace Dieu Manor, 1833–34, and in the meantime, he and his wife resided at Leamington, or at Garendon Hall. Writing a few years before his death, he thus summed up the chief aims of his own life: There were three great objects to which I felt after my own conversion as a boy of fifteen specially drawn by internal feeling for the whole space of forty-five years which have since elapsed. The first was to restore to England the primitive monastic contemplative observance, which God enabled me to do in the foundation of the Trappist monastery of Mount St Bernard. The second was the restoration of the primitive ecclesiastical chant, my edition of which is now recommended by the Archbishop of Westminster for the use of churches and chapels. The third was the restoration of the Anglican Church

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Phillipps
de Lisle
Charles March
Phillipps
Ambrose Phillipps


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts:
 to Catholic Unity. Catholic revival

According to Purcell, "In that early day no one did more for the Catholic revival in England, almost single-handed, than Phillipps <mask>".In the foundation of the Cistercian Mount St Bernard Abbey in Leicestershire, <mask> received generous support from his friend John, Earl of Shrewsbury, but it was he himself who conceived the idea, believing it necessary that the ascetic aspect of Catholic life should be presented to the English people. Mount St Bernard Abbey was the first monastery built in England since the Reformation. He gave both land and money, severely depleting his own resources in providing the necessary buildings. This work was begun in 1835 and completed in 1844, while during the same period, he founded missions at Grace-Dieu and Whitwick. His disappointment was great when he found that the Trappists were prevented by their rule from undertaking active missionary work, because he attached the greatest importance to a supply of zealous missionary priests who would labour in English villages; he said, "I would have them go about and preach everywhere on the foreign plan, in the fields or in the high roads even". In 1838, he joined his friend Rev. George Spencer in establishing and propagating the Association of Universal Prayer for the Conversion of England.In a continental tour he and Spencer made together, accompanied by Mrs <mask> and two of her children, in 1844, they passed through Belgium, Germany, and north Italy, meeting many distinguished Catholics and enlisting the sympathy of prelates and clergy in the cause. Nicholas Wiseman was

masks:
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de Lisle
Phillipps


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts:
 co-operating in Rome, and soon the movement spread widely through the Catholic world. <mask> was for some time the only Catholic who was in confidential correspondence with the leaders of the Oxford Movement, including John Henry Newman, receiving them at Grace-Dieu. He saw the Movement as a step towards his desire of reconciling the Anglican Church with Rome. As his son stated: National Conversion by means of Corporate Reunion he likened unto the Apostolic practice of fishing with a net "gathering in multitudes of all kinds of fishes". And this he considered to be his own special call from on High, to prepare the way and hasten the time when the Divine Word should again be spoken to Peter, 'Cast your nets into the deep". Association for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom
Phillipps de Lisle welcomed the restoration of the English Catholic hierarchy in 1850, and tried to reconcile to it some of the Catholic laymen who thought it inexpedient.During the debates that ensued throughout the country, he wrote two pamphlets: A Letter to Lord Shrewsbury on the Re-establishment of the Hierarchy and the Present Position of Catholic Affairs, and A Few Words on Lord John Russell's Letter to the Bishop of Durham. The progress of events raised his hopes so high that he regarded the reconciliation of the Anglican Church to the Holy See as imminent, and to hasten its fulfilment, entered on a new crusade of prayer, in which the co-operation of non-Catholics was desired. The Association for Promoting the Unity of Christendom (A.P.U.C.) was founded on 8 September 1857 by fourteen people, including Father


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts: Lockhart, Fr. Collins, O. Cist., and <mask>; the rest were Anglicans, with one exception, a Russo-Greek priest. The only obligation incumbent on members, who might be Catholics, Anglicans, or Greeks, was to pray to God for the unity of the baptised body.At first, the association progressed rapidly. <mask> wrote to Lord John Manners (Life, I, 415) saying, "We soon counted among our ranks many Catholic Bishops and Archbishops and Dignitaries of all descriptions from Cardinals downwards; the Patriarch of Constantinople and other great Eastern prelates, the Primate of the Russlart Church. ...I do not think any Anglican Bishops joined us, but a large number of clergy of the second order". He gave the number of members as nine thousand. The formation of this association was, however, regarded with distrust by Dr. (later Cardinal) Manning and other Catholics, who also took exception to <mask>'s treatise On the Future Unity of Christendom. The matter was referred to Rome and was finally settled by a papal rescript addressed Ad omnes episcopos Angliæ, dated 16 September 1864, which condemned the association and directed the bishops to take steps to prevent Catholics from joining it. This was a great blow to <mask>, who considered that "the authorities had been deceived by a false relation of facts".He however withdrew his name from the A.P.U.C. "under protest, as an act of submission to the Holy See". The grounds on which the association was condemned was that it subverted the Divine constitution of the Church, inasmuch as its aim rested on the supposition that the true Church consists partly of the

masks:
de Lisle
de Lisle
de Lisle
de Lisle


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts: Catholic Church in communion with Rome, "partly also of the Photian Schism and the Anglican heresy, to which equally with the Roman Church belong the one Lord, the one faith and one baptism" (Rescript, in Life, I, 388). His own pamphlet was not censured, but the condemnation of the A.P.U.C. was regarded by him as the death blow of his hopes for the reunion of Christendom during his own lifetime. However, his own belief in it persevered and influenced his views in other Catholic affairs. Thus, he supported the attendance of Catholics at the English universities, and he even approved of the abortive project of a Uniate English Church.The rest of <mask>'s life passed without special incident, though he continued to take an interest in public affairs as affecting the fortunes of the Church, and in the same connection, he carried on intimate and cordial correspondence with men as different as Newman, William Ewart Gladstone, and Count de Montalembert. He counted among his friends John, Earl of Shrewsbury, Cardinal Wiseman, A. W. N. Pugin, who provided designs for Grace-Dieu, Frederick William Faber, and many other well-known Catholics, and though he differed on many points from Cardinal Manning and Dr. W.G. Ward, he remained on friendly terms with both. He died at Garendon, survived by his wife and eleven of his sixteen children. Besides the pamphlets that have been mentioned, <mask>'s other published works include Mahometanism in its relation to Prophecy; or an Inquiry into the prophecies concerning Anti-Christ, with some reference to their bearing on the events of the present day (1855). He also

masks:
de Lisle
de Lisle


title: Ambrose Lisle March Phillipps De Lisle

texts:
 translated Dominic Barberi's Lamentations of England (1831); Manzoni's Vindication of Catholic Morality (1836); Montalembert's St Elizabeth of Hungary (1839); Rio's La petite Chouannerie (1842); Maxims and Examples of the Saints (1844); and he compiled: Manual of Devotion for the Confraternity of the Living Rosary (1843); Catholic Christian's Complete Manual (1847); The Little Gradual (1847); Thesaurus animæ Christianæ (1847); Sequentiæ de Festis per Annum (1862). Notes

External links
 Purcell, Edmund Sheridan.Life and Letters of <mask> <mask>, Macmillan and Co., Ltd., London, 1900

1809 births
1878 deaths
British founders
People from the Borough of Charnwood
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing
English Roman Catholics
Liberal Catholicism
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism
People from

masks:
Ambrose Phillipps
de Lisle


title: Masaoka Shiki

texts:
, pen-name of <mask> (正岡 升), was a Japanese poet, author, and literary critic in Meiji period Japan. <mask> is regarded as a major figure in the development of modern haiku poetry, credited with writing nearly 20,000 stanzas during his short life. He also wrote on reform of tanka poetry. Some consider <mask> to be one of the four great haiku masters, the others being Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa. Early life
<mask>, or rather Tsunenori (常規) as he was originally named, was born in Matsuyama City in Iyo Province (present day Ehime Prefecture) to a samurai class family of modest means. As a child, he was called Tokoronosuke (處之助); in adolescence, his name was changed to Noboru (升). His father, Tsunenao (正岡常尚), was an alcoholic who died when Shiki was five years of age.His mother, Yae, was a daughter of Ōhara Kanzan, a Confucian scholar. Kanzan was the first of Shiki's extra-school tutors; at the age of 7 the boy began reading Mencius under his tutelage. Shiki later confessed to being a less-than-diligent student. At age 15 Shiki became something of a political radical, attaching himself to the then-waning Freedom and People's Rights Movement and getting himself banned from public speaking by the principal of Matsuyama Middle School, which he was attending. Around this time he developed an interest in moving to Tokyo and did so in 1883. Education
The young Shiki first attended his hometown Matsuyama Middle School, where Kusama Tokiyoshi, a leader of the discredited Freedom and People's Rights Movement, had recently served as principal. In 1883, a maternal uncle arranged for him to come to Tokyo.<mask> was first enrolled in Kyōritsu Middle School and later matriculated into University Preparatory School. (Daigaku Yobimon) affiliated with Imperial University

masks:
Masaoka Noboru
Shiki
Shiki
Shiki
Shiki


title: Masaoka Shiki

texts:
 (Teikoku Daigaku). While studying here, the teenage <mask> enjoyed playing baseball and befriended fellow student Natsume Sōseki, who would go on to become a famous novelist. He entered Tokyo Imperial University in 1890. But by 1892 <mask>, by his own account too engrossed in haiku writing, failed his final examinations, left the Hongō dormitory that had been provided to him by a scholarship, and dropped out of college. Others say tuberculosis, an illness that dogged his later life, was the reason he left school. Literary career
While <mask> is best known as a haiku poet, he wrote other genres of poetry, prose criticism of poetry, autobiographical prose, and was a short prose essayist.(His earliest surviving work is a school essay, Yōken Setsu ("On Western Dogs"), where he praises the varied utility of western dogs as opposed to Japanese ones, which "only help in hunting and scare away burglars.") Contemporary to <mask> was the idea that traditional Japanese poetic short forms, such as the haiku and tanka, were waning due to their incongruity in the modern Meiji period. <mask>, at times, expressed similar sentiments. There were no great living practitioners although these forms of poetry retained some popularity. Despite an atmosphere of decline, only a year or so after his 1883 arrival in Tokyo, Shiki began writing haiku. In 1892, the same year he dropped out of university, Shiki published a serialized work advocating haiku reform, Dassai Shooku Haiwa or "Talks on Haiku from the Otter's Den". A month after completion of this work, in November 1892, he was offered a position as haiku editor in the paper that had published it, Nippon, and maintained a close relationship with this journal throughout his life.In 1895 another serial was published in the same paper, "A

masks: Shiki Shiki Shiki Shiki Shiki


title: Masaoka Shiki

texts:
 Text on Haikai for Beginners", Haikai Taiyō. These were followed by other serials: Meiji Nijūkunen no Haikukai or "The Haiku World of 1896" where he praised works by disciples Takahama Kyoshi and Kawahigashi Hekigotō, Haijin Buson or "The Haiku Poet Buson" (1896–1897) expressing Shiki's idea of this 18th-century poet whom he identifies with his school of haiku, and Utayomi ni Atauru Sho or "Letters to a Tanka Poet" (1898) where he urged reform of the tanka poetry form. The above work, on tanka, is an example of Shiki's expanded focus during the last few years of his life. He died four years after taking up tanka as a topic. Bedsore and morphine-addled, little more than a year before his death Shiki began writing sickbed diaries. These three are Bokujū Itteki or "A Drop of Ink" (1901), Gyōga Manroku or "Stray Notes While Lying on My Back" (1901–1902), and Byōshō Rokushaku or "A Sixfoot Sickbed" (1902). Later life
Shiki suffered from tuberculosis (TB) much of his life.In 1888 or 1889 he began coughing up blood and soon adopted the pen-name "Shiki" from the Japanese hototogisu—the Japanese name for lesser cuckoos. The Japanese word hototogisu can be written with various combinations of Chinese characters, including 子規, which can alternatively be read as either "hototogisu" or "shiki". It is a Japanese conceit that this bird coughs blood as it sings, which explains why the name "Shiki" was adopted. Suffering from the early symptoms of TB, <mask> sought work as a war correspondent in the First Sino-Japanese War and, while eventually obtaining his goal, he arrived in China after the April 17, 1895 signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Instead of reporting on the war, he spent an unpleasant time harassed by Japanese soldiers in Dalian, Luangtao, and the Lüshunkou District,


title: Masaoka Shiki

texts:
 meeting on May 10, 1895 the famous novelist Mori Ōgai, who was at the time an army doctor. Living in filthy conditions in China apparently worsened his TB. <mask> continued to cough blood throughout his return voyage to Japan and was hospitalized in Kobe.After being discharged, he returned to his home town of Matsuyama city and convalesced in the home of the famed novelist Natsume Sōseki. During this time he took on disciples and promulgated a style of haiku that emphasized gaining inspiration from personal experiences of nature. Still in Matsuyama in 1897, a member of this group, Yanigihara Kyokudō, established a haiku magazine, Hototogisu, an allusion to <mask>'s pen name. Operation of this magazine was quickly moved to Tokyo. Takahama Kyoshi, another disciple, assumed control and the magazine's scope was extended to include prose work. <mask> came to Tokyo, and his group of disciples there were known as the "Nippon school" after the paper where he had been haiku editor and that now published the group's work. Although bedridden by 1897, Shiki's disease worsened further around 1901.He developed Pott's disease and began using morphine as a painkiller. By 1902 he may have been relying heavily on the drug. During this time Shiki wrote three autobiographical works. He died of tuberculosis in 1902 at age 34. Legacy

Shiki may be credited with salvaging traditional short-form Japanese poetry and carving out a niche for it in the modern Meiji period. While he advocated reform of haiku, this reform was based on the idea that haiku was a legitimate literary genre. He argued that haiku should be judged by the same yardstick that is used when measuring the value of other forms of literature — something that was contrary to views held by prior poets.Shiki firmly placed haiku in

masks: Shiki Shiki Shiki


title: Masaoka Shiki

texts:
 the category of literature, and this was unique. Some modern haiku deviate from the traditional 5–7–5 sound pattern and dispensing with the kigo ("season word"); Shiki's haiku reform advocated neither break with tradition. His particular style rejected "the puns or fantasies often relied on by the old school" in favor of "realistic observation of nature". <mask>, like other Meiji period writers, borrowed a dedication to realism from Western literature. This is evident in his approach to both haiku and tanka. Baseball
Shiki played baseball as a teenager and was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in 2002. A group of 1898 tanka by him mention the sport.See also
Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards
Shiki Memorial Museum
Samukawa Sokotsu

References

Further reading

<mask>, <mask>, Songs from a Bamboo Village: Selected Tanka from Take no Sato Uta, translated by Sanford Goldstein and Seishi Shinoda, Rutland, Vermont: Charles E. Tuttle Co. © 1998  pbk [488 pp. 298 tanka]
Masako, Hirai, ed. Now, To Be! Shiki’s Haiku Moments for Us Today / Ima, ikiru! Shiki no sekai. U-Time Publishing, 2003,

External links

  e-texts of Shiki's works (Japanese only) at Aozora bunko
 Selected Poems (haiku and tanka) of Masaoka Shiki, Translated by Janine Beichman at University of Virginia Library Japanese Text Initiative poem translations from 'Masaoka Shiki' by Janine Beichman
 Ehime University site on Masaoka Shiki with photos, poetry
 fan site with bio and poems
 National Diet Library bio and photos

Japanese literary critics
Japanese baseball players
20th-century deaths from tuberculosis
1867 births
1902 deaths
People from Matsuyama, Ehime
University of Tokyo alumni
People of Meiji-period Japan
Tuberculosis deaths in Japan
19th-century Japanese poets
Japanese

masks: Shiki Masaoka Shiki


title: Lee Eun-sang

texts:
<mask> (October 22, 1903 - September 18, 1982) was a Korean poet and historian. He was dedicated to the revival and modernization of sijo, a form of Korean poetry. Early life
<mask> was born on October 22, 1903 at Sangnam-dong, Masan in Korea. In 1918, he graduated from the Changshin High School (창신고등학교) which his father had established, and in 1923, he entered the department of liberal arts at Yonhee College, the predecessor of Yonsei University. He withdrew in 1923. He worked for Changshin School as a teacher for a time until he enrolled at Waseda University in Japan, majoring in history in 1925. He worked at Ewha Womans University as a professor from 1931 to 1932.After that, he worked for Dong-a Ilbo and Chosun Ilbo (Korean newspapers). In 1942, he was arrested on the suspicion of being implicated in the so-called "incident of Chosun Language Academy" (조선어학회사건), and was released the next year when his indictment suspended. In 1945, he was detained in custody as a political offender at the Gwang-yang police station and was released at the time of independence from Japan. After Korea's liberation from Japan, <mask> taught at Cheong-gu University, Seoul National University, and Young-nam University. In 1954, he was invited to join the Korean Academy of the Arts, and by 1978 he had achieved a life-time membership in the Korean Academy of the Arts. <mask> served as the chairman of the Admiral Lee Sun-sin Memorial Committee, a member of the Korea Alpinist's Association, the Korea

masks:
Lee Eun sang
Lee Eun sang
Lee
Lee


title: Lee Eun-sang

texts:
 Culture Preservation Association, and the People's Culture Association, as well as being Editor-in-Chief for the History of Korea Independence Movements. <mask> won the Rose of Sharon National Medal of Honor in 1970, and died in 1982.Works
In his childhood, <mask> and his friends enjoyed playing near a stream close to his house on the hills of Mount No-bi-san. Whenever he visited Masan, his hometown, later in life, he went to the stream as it reminded him of his childhood. The poems Climbing Up the Old Hill and Symphony of Spring both depict the days when he played on the hill of Mount Nobisan. One of his motivations for writing poetry in the  sijo form is that his father would recited it to him when he was a child. In 1921, the poem Hyul-jo was published for the first time, in Ah-sung, volume 4, under the pen name Du-wu-seong. <mask> Sang earned a reputation as a poet who opened up a new modern free form of sijo. Most of his poems became lyrics for classical style songs.Nosan Sijo-jip, his first volume of poetry, was published in 1932. The works integrated characteristics of homesickness, sentimentality, and the beauty of nature. The poems Memory of Hometown, Ga-go-pa, and  Night of Seong-bul Temple  are filled with lyricism. His deep lyricism in poems such as Bom-cheo-nyeo [Maid of Spring](봄처녀) and 'Ga-go-pa' [Longing to Go Home] (가고파), and his mastery of sijo style into a new style, he is considered the best poet in the revival of sijo in modern era. His Dong-hae-song (동해송)

masks:
Lee
Lee
Lee Eun


title: Lee Eun-sang

texts:
 and High Ground is Over There are celebrated as a great accomplishments. He was a historian and a scholar of classical studies. Among his many achievements in these fields, the most notable is the translation into modern Korean the Admiral <mask>-Shin's "Diary of Battles of Im-Jin War" [Journals Kept During the Hideyoshi Invasion of 1592]

The Korea Literature Translation Institute, summarizes <mask>'s contributions to Korean literature as follows:

A poet notable standing for his evolving style, <mask>’s career consists of several distinct stages.When he made his literary debut in 1923, his poetic works were almost entirely in free verse form, and he also published critical essays on Western poets such as Whitman and Tennyson. It was only later on that <mask> developed the passionate interest in Sijo, a traditional Korean poetic genre that was first invented during the Goryeo Dynasty, in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries, consisting of a set rhythm pattern usually involving the systematic arrangement of lines in three and four syllables each. In the five hundred years that followed its invention, Sijo remained Korea’s most popular form of verse, but it had long since lost its mass appeal by the early twentieth century. In the mid-1920s, the poet <mask> began his well-known efforts preserve and revive the Sijo art form, and it is <mask> who is known to have joined him in his quest and matched him in his fervor. Both poets published numerous critical essays

masks:
Lee Sun
Lee
Lee Eunsang
Lee
Lee Byeonggi
Lee Eunsang


title: Lee Eun-sang

texts: supporting the art form of Sijo with sound theoretical background and calling for the modernization that they felt was necessary in order to regain mass appeal. The actual Sijo poems of <mask> and <mask>, however, were distinctly different in both style and tone despite the fact that they both contributed to the restoration of the genre to its prominent position in Korean literature. While <mask>’s technical innovations largely involved lengthening the Sijo verses and where his style was exquisitely refined, <mask> concentrated on condensing the three line poems even further into two lines, resulting in original works that were short but extremely dynamic and powerful.<mask> went on to create a new Sijo-form he called ‘Yangjangsijo,’ consisting of less disruptive line breaks and a smoother rhythm. Several of his ‘Yangjangsijo’ poems, such as “Gagopa,” “Seongbulsaui Bam,”and “Yetdongsane Olla,” were converted into song lyrics, and aided the popularization of Sijo a great deal. After the Korean War, <mask> began to take a decided interest in the significance of historical context and its effect on literary works. The central themes of his earlier stages vary a great deal: for example, in poems such as “Ganeun Gonmada” and “Songdo Norae” from his first collection Collected Sijo of Nosan (Nosan sijojip, 1932), treat of recollection and the love of history in general, but with “Heureneun Bombit”and “Sseulsseulhan Geunal,” he addresses feelings regarding nature and personal

masks:
Lee Byeonggi
Lee Eunsang
Lee Byeonggi
Lee Eunsang
Lee Eunsang
Lee Eunsang


title: Lee Eun-sang

texts:
 experiences. In sharp contrast, the poems from this new, post-war period reflect <mask>’s newfound sense of social and political awareness, treating of subjects such as the pain of national division, the memories of patriots, and the glorification of the Korean nation. Awards
In 1969, he was awarded the Presidential Prize, and in 1970, the National Medal of Honor, Republic of Korea, Mu-gung-hwa-jang The Medal of Rose of Sharon. References

 Kim Sang-sun."On the Shijo (Koren Liric) of <mask>-sang." Korean Literature,  May 1985. vol.93 n.1 p. 209-229. Park Sang-gon. "A Study on <mask>-sang's shijo." KNUE, 1992. <mask>-won. "The Status of <mask>-sang's shijo."A Collection of Treatises about Human Knowledge, vol.10. Aug. 2003. p. 5-20. Oh Seung-hui. "A Study of Space on <mask>-sang's shijo." KNUE,  The Korean Language Research Institute. Jan.1996. vol.5 p. 93-116.Oh Se-yeong. "A theory of Modern Korean Traditional Verse Writer." Taihaksa,  2001.  p. 51-65. Nosan Literature Compilation Committee. "Nosan's Literature and Human." Hwatbulsa, 1983. The Korean Literature Compilation Committee."Korean Literature Data Dictionary", Hanguksajeonyeongusa, 1995.
 https://web.archive.org/web/20081206154918/http://english.masan.go.kr/
 "The Korean Literature Compilation Committee", Garamgihoek, (1995). "The Korean Modern Literature Dictionary", Han-guk-sajeon-yeon-gu-sa, (2000). 1903 births
1982 deaths
Korean male poets
20th-century Korean poets
Korean historians
20th-century male

masks:
Lee
Lee un
Lee Eun
Lee Sung
Lee Eun
Lee Eun


title: Robert Bacon

texts:
<mask> (July 5, 1860 – May 29, 1919) was an American statesman and diplomat. He was also a leading banker and businessman who worked closely with Secretary of State Elihu Root, 1905-1909, and served as United States Secretary of State from January to March 1909. He served as ambassador to France 1909 to 1912. He was a leader in the Preparedness Movement setting up training programs for would-be Soldiers before the United States entered the First World War in April 1917. He was defeated narrowly as a candidate for the United States Senate in 1916. He was commissioned as a major in the United States Army in 1917, and played a major role as  Chief of the American Military Mission at British General Headquarters. Early life and family
Born in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, to <mask> and Emily Crosby Low, he was a graduate of Harvard University (Class of 1880), where he was a member of the A.D. Club and Delta Kappa Epsilon.He was married on October 10, 1883, to Martha Waldron Cowdin. They had four children: <mask> <mask>, Gaspar Griswold <mask>, Elliot Cowdin <mask>, and Martha Beatrix <mask> (1890–1967) who married George Whitney (1885–1963). Their son <mask> was a United States Congressman; their other son Gaspar was the President of the Massachusetts Senate from 1929 to 1932 and Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from 1933 to 1935. Career
He worked in the steel world, including partnership with J.P. Morgan & Co. for many years starting in 1894. He acted as J.P. Morgan's chief lieutenant and participated in the formation of the U.S. Steel Corporation and the Northern Securities Company. The pressure of the job shot his nerves, and he left the company in 1903. After Theodore Roosevelt (with whom he was friends at Harvard) had been reelected, <mask> was named Assistant Secretary of State in 1905, a position which he held until 1909; he was acting secretary while Elihu Root was in South America in 1906.For the last 38 days of Roosevelt's term, he became full secretary

masks:
Robert Bacon
William Benjamin Bacon
Robert Low
Bacon
Bacon
Bacon
Bacon
Robert
Bacon


title: Robert Bacon

texts: from January 27 to March 5, 1909, because of Root's election to the Senate. <mask> obtained the advice and consent of the Senate for the Panama Canal treaties with Colombia and Panama. He served as United States Ambassador to France from 1909 until 1912. He was supposed to return home on the RMS Titanic with his wife and daughter, but delays kept them in Paris. In August 1914, after the outbreak of World War I in Europe, <mask> went to France to help with the work of the American Field Service – which provided ambulances and drivers to support French and British forces. He was also attached to the British Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC) and assisted with the establishment of a typhoid hospital near Ypres. His book For Better Relations with Our Latin American Neighbors was published in 1915.He was a staunch advocate of the United States' entry into World War I and spoke in favor of increased military preparedness via universal military service as the president of the National Security League in 1916. He criticized President Woodrow Wilson for inaction at the German invasion of Belgium and sought the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate against William M. Calder. <mask> continued to push for a stronger national defense as well as a protective tariff that could be used for the mobilization of industry in case of war. Although he had support from former president Theodore Roosevelt and Elihu Root, <mask> lost the race by about 9,000 votes and pledged to support Calder. He was named as the candidate of the American Party but withdrew on account of his pledge to Calder. He was then commissioned as a major in the United States Army in May 1917, one month after the American entry into World War I, before sailing to France as a member of the staff of Major General John J. "Blackjack" Pershing, who was made commander of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF).<mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1918 and served as chief of the American military mission at British

masks: Bacon Bacon Bacon Bacon Bacon


title: Robert Bacon

texts:
 General Headquarters working with the British commander, Field Marshal Sir Douglas Haig, commanding the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front. He returned to the United States in April 1919, five months after the war ended due to the Armistice with Germany on November 11, 1918. <mask> died on May 29, 1919, from blood poisoning after undergoing surgery on his mastoiditis. Memorial

A sculpture entitled The Sacrifice was made by Malvina Hoffman as a memorial to the late Ambassador of France, <mask>, and alumni of Harvard University who lost their lives during the World War I. In it, the head of a 13th-century crusader lay on the lap of a draped woman. The sculpture was dedicated in 1923 at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York. After the War Memorial Chapel at Harvard University was completed in 1932, it was installed there.References

Further reading
 Davis, Calvin D. "<mask>, <mask> (05 July 1860–29 May 1919)" American National Biography (1999) https://doi.org/10.1093/anb/9780198606697.article.0600017
 Jessup, Philip C. Elihu Root (2 vols., 1938)
 Scott, James Brown. <mask>: His Life and Letters (1923). Scott, James Brown. “<mask>: Secretary of State, January 27, 1909, to March 5, 1909,” in The American Secretaries of State and Their Diplomacy, vol. 9 ed. Samuel Flagg Bemis et al. (1928)."<mask>." Dictionary of American Biography'' (1936) online

External links

1860 births
1919 deaths
19th-century players of American football
20th-century American politicians
Ambassadors of the United States to France
United States Army personnel of World War I
American football quarterbacks
American Presbyterians
Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery
Harvard University alumni
Massachusetts Republicans
New York (state) Republicans
Organization founders
People from Jamaica Plain
Politicians from Boston
Theodore Roosevelt administration cabinet members
United States Army colonels
United States Assistant Secretaries of State
United States Secretaries of

masks:
Bacon
Robert Bacon
Bacon
Robert
Robert Bacon
Robert Bacon
Robert Bacon


title: David Friedland

texts:
<mask><mask> (born December 20, 1937) is an American lawyer and Democratic Party politician from Hudson County, New Jersey who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1966 to 1974 and then was elected to the Senate, serving from 1978 until his conviction on racketeering charges in 1980. While awaiting sentencing, <mask> disappeared in September 1985 by faking his death in a supposed drowning incident off Grand Bahama. He was one of the U.S. government's most wanted fugitives until his capture in the Maldives in 1987, where he drew attention to himself after creating a successful chain of scuba diving shops. Early life

<mask> was born in 1937 in Jersey City, New Jersey. His father was <mask>, a labor attorney who had served in the General Assembly from 1939 until 1952. He attended Stevens Academy in Hoboken and graduated from Tufts University in 1957. He received a law degree from Rutgers School of Law—Newark in 1960 and was admitted to the bar in 1961.His brother is musician and songwriter <mask>, also known as Brute Force. One man, one vote
In the wake of the 1964 decision by the Supreme Court of the United States in Reynolds v. Sims, establishing the one man, one vote principle that state legislative districts must be approximately equal in population, <mask> filed suit in New Jersey Supreme Court on behalf of Christopher Jackman of the Laundry Workers Union and Winfield Chasmar, Jr. of the Paper Box Workers Union, challenging a system under which each county was represented by a single member in the New Jersey Senate. The Court agreed, holding the New Jersey Senate apportionment violated the Federal Constitution. In an attempt to avoid the decision, the

masks:
David J
. Friedland
Friedland
Friedland
Jacob Friedland
Stephen Friedland
Friedland


title: David Friedland

texts:
 senate enacted a proposal whereby each senator's vote would be weighted based on the population of the county represented,  under which Cape May County's senator would receive one vote while the senator from Essex County would receive 19.1, in direct relation to the ratio of residents between counties. In a decision issued on December 15, 1964, the Supreme Court ruled unanimously that the weighted voting system as adopted was unconstitutional. The court ordered that interim measures be established for the 1965 legislative elections, in which weighted voting could be used as a temporary measure, and that the needed constitutional changes to restructure the New Jersey Legislature to be in compliance with "one man, one vote" requirements be in place before elections taking place in 1967. General Assembly
<mask> was first elected to the New Jersey General Assembly in 1966, serving there until 1974.In a judicial finding announced in February 1971 after a hearing by the New Jersey Supreme Court, <mask> was found to have violated judicial ethics for his efforts in attempting to get charges dropped against an alleged Mafia loan shark. <mask> faced potential disbarment by the court and could have faced censure or expulsion by the New Jersey Legislature. On July 27, 1971, the New Jersey Supreme Court suspended <mask> from the practice of law for a period of six months. <mask> asserted that he had done nothing wrong and would run for re-election. He insisted that as "[t]here had been no charge of impropriety in connection with [his] legislative duties", he expected the General Assembly would take no action against him. Relating to that same case, <mask> was one of three

masks: Friedland Friedland Friedland Friedland Friedland Friedland


title: David Friedland

texts: legislators targeted by Assistant New Jersey General William J. Brennan the 3rd on December 30, 1968, in which Brennan accused Friedland and two other legislators of being "entirely too comfortable with members of organized crime". Brennan's testimony was based on New Jersey State Police files which alleged that Friedland had acted as the middleman to suppress criminal complaints against a loan shark.<mask> denied Brennan's allegations and demanded his resignation, stating that he had been attempting to settle a usurious loan and that he had not talked to any of the complaining witnesses. On January 11, 1972, <mask> was one of four Democrats who voted to give the minority Republicans control of the General Assembly, electing Thomas Kean as Assembly Speaker. He justified his actions based on claims that the Democratic leadership had been ignoring the needs of Hudson County, and was joined by Hudson County legislators Michael F. Esposito and <mask>, along with Edward J. Higgins from nearby Elizabeth. As part of the deal with the Republicans, <mask> was appointed as chair of the bipartisan Assembly Conference Committee. Democratic leaders in the Assembly had pushed for S. Howard Woodson of Trenton, New Jersey, who would have been the Assembly's first African American Speaker, and charges of racism were leveled by fellow Democrats against Friedland. Democratic Assemblyman Kenneth A. Gewertz of Gloucester County shouted that "Jesus Christ had his Judas, the Democrats now have their <mask>". <mask> had wanted the Democrats to name him as Speaker, but they declined based on his involvement in the loan sharking case and that recent political scandals in Hudson County would

masks:
Friedland
Friedland
David Wallace
Friedland
David Friedland
Friedland


title: David Friedland

texts:
 reflect poorly on Democrats statewide.Instead, they had named S. Howard Woodson as their candidate for speaker. The four defections denied Woodson a chance to become the first African American Speaker in the history of the General Assembly, leading to charges that the dissidents were racially motivated. State Senate
<mask>, a resident of Jersey City, won an easy race in November 1977 over his Republican opponent to win a seat in the New Jersey Senate. Though Democrats lost seats, they retained control of the Senate. <mask> was one of 26 Senators to vote in favor of a 1978 bill that restored the death penalty for first degree murder, stating that the people wanted the death penalty restored and that "the fallacy of elitism is that it believes its judgments are superior to those of the common herd". He served in the Senate from 1978 until his April 1980 conviction, after which he resigned to focus on his appeal. He was succeeded by fellow Democrat James A. Galdieri who took office in a November 1980 special election.Conviction and disappearance
<mask> was indicted in October 1979 together with his father Jacob for their role in accepting $360,000 in bribes to arrange a $4 million loan from the pension fund of Teamsters Local 701 based in North Brunswick to companies controlled by Barry S. Marlin, an attorney who had been convicted of swindling $43 million in various schemes. After his indictment, <mask> expressed confidence that he would be exonerated. On April 11, 1980, <mask> and his father were convicted by a jury for taking kickbacks in arranging loans from the Teamsters pension fund, income tax evasion and obstruction of justice  for asking a witness to lie to a

masks: Friedland Friedland Friedland Friedland Friedland


title: David Friedland

texts:
 grand jury. Still proclaiming his innocence and insisting that he was not obligated to resign as the acts for which he was convicted took place prior to his election, <mask> stated that he would resign immediately from his Senate seat to devote his time to an appeal of the verdict. In 1982, he reached an agreement with the United States Attorney's office in Newark, New Jersey under which he would avoid prison in exchange for his assistance in recording incriminating conversations with his former associates. The Government was later to argue that Friedland  deceived them, faked his death in order not to cooperate, and did not in fact cooperate. While in the United States Federal Witness Protection Program he took a job with a mortgage firm owned by Joseph J. Higgins, a former member of the New Jersey General Assembly, and they made additional efforts to defraud the same pension fund.The fund suffered no loss. In 1983, United States Attorney for New Jersey W. Hunt Dumont was reported by The New York Times to be pursuing a major investigation of as many as 50 individuals based on evidence that <mask> had provided. Despite his conviction, <mask> was in Federal custody and told a reporter who had spotted him at Miami International Airport that he could end up spending more than a year in assisting with Federal prosecutions. Disappearance
While <mask> was awaiting sentencing on September 2, 1985, the United States Coast Guard received a call from a boat off of Grand Bahama reporting that <mask> had disappeared while scuba diving. <mask> was said to have taken pain killers before diving with a friend at a spot 12 miles off of Grand Bahama and had failed to surface. His body


title: David Friedland

texts:
 was not discovered in an air-sea search and a warrant was issued for his arrest. He went on the run, using a fake United States passport and traveling under the alias of Richard Smith Harley.During his time on the lam, he had been traced to Kenya, Paris, Venice, Hong Kong and Singapore and worked his way up to become the number one fugitive wanted by the United States Marshals Service. In December 1987, two years after his disappearance, he was arrested by officials in Malé, capital of Maldives, an island country in the Indian Ocean, where he had been working as a scuba dive master. While in the Maldives, <mask> did little to avoid attention, including posing for a post card in which he was in scuba gear feeding a live shark with food held in his own mouth. Capture and conviction
<mask> was flown back to the United States, arriving at John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 28, 1987, under the custody of the U.S. Marshals Service and taken for arraignment in Federal District court in Brooklyn. Upon his return he vowed to fight the charges against him, but said that "it's good to be back in the United States". Arthur Borinsky, the United States Marshal for New Jersey, quoted <mask> as stating that "he really got tired of running".In December 1987, United States Judge Dickinson Richards Debevoise ordered Friedland to serve a sentence of seven years in Federal prison, rejecting pleas for leniency from Friedland and claims that the U.S. Attorney's office had violated the terms of a 1982 agreement under which he became an informant in corruption investigations. In a January 1988 hearing prior to <mask>'s trial for conspiracy to defraud the union pension fund,

masks: Friedland Friedland Friedland Friedland