title: Robert Holdstock

texts:
<mask> (2 August 1948 – 29 November 2009) was an English novelist and author best known for his works of Celtic, Nordic, Gothic and Pictish fantasy literature, predominantly in the fantasy subgenre of mythic fiction. <mask> broke into print in 1968. His science fiction and fantasy works explore philosophical, psychological, anthropological, spiritual and woodland themes. He received three BSFA awards and won the World Fantasy Award in the category of Best Novel of 1985. Early life
<mask>, the eldest of five children, was born in Hythe, Kent. His father, <mask>, was a police officer and his mother, <mask>, was a nurse. At the age of seven he started attending Gillingham Grammar School in the Medway Towns.He recalled that as a young adult he had jobs including banana boatman, construction worker and slate miner. <mask> earned a Bachelor of Science from University College of North Wales, Bangor, with honours in applied Zoology (1967–1970). He continued his education, earning a Master of Science in Medical Zoology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in 1971. He conducted research at the Medical Research Council in London from 1971 to 1974, while also doing part-time writing and producing a science fiction fanzine. He became a full-time writer during 1976 and lived out the rest of his life in North London. Career

<mask>'s first published story, "Pauper's Plot", appeared in the magazine New Worlds in 1968. His first novel was a science fiction work, Eye Among the Blind, published in 1976.During the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s <mask> wrote many fantasy and science fiction novels along with a number of short stories, most of which were published under a pseudonym. <mask>'s

masks:
Robert Paul Holdstock
Holdstock
Robert Holdstock
Robert Frank Holdstock
Kathleen Madeline Holdstock
Holdstock
Holdstock
Holdstock
Robert Holdstock


title: Robert Holdstock

type: original

texts:
 pseudonyms included <mask>, Chris Carlsen, Richard Kirk, <mask>, Ken Blake, and Steven Eisler. These included some adaptions of television scripts for novelisations of television series including The Professionals. During this same period he wrote the text for Space Wars, Worlds and Weapons, a large format book in which he provided essays concerning the tropes of science fiction (and, in one chapter, sword and sorcery), accompanied by colour reproductions of related artwork. In 1980 <mask> wrote Tour of the Universe with Malcolm Edwards. The rights were subsequently sold for a space shuttle simulation ride at the CN Tower, also called the Tour of the Universe. <mask> wrote The Dark Wheel, the first novella to be included for distribution with a video game, Elite, in 1984.He wrote an adaptation of The Emerald Forest, a film directed by John Boorman, and novelised episodes of the Granada Television series Bulman. <mask>'s breakthrough novel Mythago Wood was published in 1984. It began the Ryhope Wood series, which continued until the appearance of Avilion in 2009. <mask> was guest of honour at the annual Novacon in 1984, and a limited-edition chapbook featuring his fantasy story 'Thorn' was presented to the first 500 attendees. Between 2001 and 2007 <mask> produced a trilogy of fantasy novels, the Merlin Codex, consisting of Celtika, The Iron Grail and The Broken Kings. <mask> wrote, edited or contributed to a number of nonfiction works, including Alien Landscapes, Tour of the Universe, Horror: 100 Best Novels and Encyclopedia of Science Fiction (a different publication than The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction published in 1979, edited by Peter Nicholls). Death
<mask> died in hospital on 29

masks:
Robert Faulcon
Robert Black
Holdstock
Holdstock
Holdstock
Holdstock
Holdstock
Holdstock
Holdstock


title: Robert Holdstock

texts:
 November 2009 at the age of 61, having been in intensive care since his collapse with an E. coli infection on 18 November 2009.In 2013 a joint volume of poetry with Garry Kilworth (with whom he collaborated on the award-winning novella "The Ragthorn") was published by PS Publishing, Poems, Peoms and Other Atrocities. Critical reception
David Pringle described Eye Among the Blind, <mask>'s first science fiction novel, as a "dogged, detailed, somewhat slow-moving planetary mystery". Ursula K. Le Guin called the same novel "As strong a treatment of a central theme of science fiction – alienness, and the relation of the human and the alien – as any I have read." According to Michael D. C. Drout, <mask>'s Ryhope Wood series is a significant part of the fantasy genre, displaying the power and aesthetic standards of Tolkien's fantasy without being either a "close imitation of" or a "reaction against" Tolkien. Drout considers <mask>, along with Ursula K. Le Guin, a worthy inheritor of the fantasy tradition created by Tolkien. Patrick Curry placed <mask> in a quartet of noteworthy fantasy authors, alongside Le Guin, John Crowley and Marion Zimmer Bradley, for writing fantasy books that come close to Tolkien's breadth and depth of imagination, and "in some respects surpass Tolkien". David Langford offers praise for most of <mask>'s work, but regarded Merlin's Wood less highly: "the overall narrative is flawed, distorted by its weight of undeserved loss and inaccessible healing".Book covers
The covers of <mask>'s books were produced by a variety of illustrators. The original UK and US covers of Mythago Wood were illustrated by Eddi Gornall and Christopher Zacharow, respectively; Geoff Taylor illustrated

masks: Holdstock Holdstock Holdstock Holdstock Holdstock Holdstock


title: Robert Holdstock

texts:
 the original UK covers for the Mythago Wood sequels Lavondyss, The Bone Forest, The Hollowing and Merlin's Wood. Illustrators of subsequent covers and editions include Jim Burns, Tom Canty, John Howe, Alan Lee, John Jude Palencar, Larry Rostant and Ron Walotsky. John Howe stated: "<mask> is to me one of the best Celtic fantasy authors alive today." Awards
 The novella Mythago Wood won the BSFA Award for Best Short Story in 1981 along with the World Fantasy Award for Best Novella in 1982. The novel Mythago Wood won the BSFA Award for Best Novel in 1984 along with the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel in 1985. Mythago Wood was published as part of the Masterpieces of Fantasy series by Easton Press, who describe themselves as releasing 'works of lasting meaning, beauty and importance.'Lavondyss won the BSFA Award for Best Novel in 1988. The Bone Forest was nominated for the World Fantasy Award in the category of Best Collection in 1992. The Ragthorn, coauthored with Garry Kilworth, won the World Fantasy Award in the category of Best Novella in 1992 and was nominated for the BSFA Award for Best Novel in 1994. The Fetch won the HOMer Award for horror novel in 1992. The Iron Grail won the Czech Academy of Science Fiction Fantasy and Horror Award in the category of Best Novel in 2002. La Forêt des Mythagos, i.e. the Mythago Wood collection, won the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in the category of Prix spécial in 2003.The short story "Scarrowfell" in Dans la vallée des statues & autres récits (Denoël, 2004), translated into French by Philippe Gindre, won the Imaginales award (Prix Imaginales) in the Short Story category in 2004. Celtika won the Grand Prix de l'Imaginaire in the Foreign Language Novel


title: Nasir ul-Mulk

texts:
His Highness <mask>-Mulk KCIE (29 September 1897 – 29 July 1943) was the eldest son of Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk, who succeeded him in 1936. He ruled the princely state of Chitral from 1936 to 1943. Early life and education
<mask>-Mulk was born in the royal fort at Chitral on 29 September 1897. He was the eldest son of Mehtar Shuja ul-Mulk. He spent his early days in the Chitral fort under the tutelage of several teachers who trained him in Persian, Urdu, English and Arabic. In 1916 he enrolled in Islamia College Peshawar, from where he did his Matriculation. He later completed his Bachelor of Arts with a distinction, earning first position in the North West Frontier Province.For the feat he received the Chelmsford Gold Medal. Starting from a young age <mask> was education oriented and had advanced political ideas. Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)
As the Third Anglo-Afghan War unfolded, the southern borders of Chitral were attacked. The Chitral Scouts and Bodyguards with <mask> ul-Mulk as Colonel Commandant (Col. Cdt) fought off the advancing army. He personally lead a force of over a thousand men up the valley of Urtsun, over a pass with the intention of surprising the Afghan forces and cutting them off. To the credit of the young prince, the Chitral forces along with the Kurram Militia were the only legions fighting along the Durand Line which did not disband or disburse during the conflict. The success of the campaign brought <mask> a good name in British circles with Shuja ul-Mulk being rewarded reverently for the war efforts.Life as crown prince
When Shuja ul-Mulk went for pilgrimage to Mecca (1923-1924), <mask> ul-Mulk acted as Regent and administered the affairs of the state. Upon his father’s return he became Governor of

masks:
Sir Nasir ul
Nasir ul
Nasir
Nasir
Nasir
Nasir


title: Nasir ul-Mulk

texts:
 Mastuj, which post he retained till his accession. On 10 September 1924 he was commissioned as Honorary Lieutenant in the British Indian Army and was attached to the 6th Royal Battalion Frontier Force Regiment. He was later attached to the 13th Frontier Force Rifles (1926-1927). In 1932 he was elected as a life member of the Royal Society for Asian Affairs. On 1 January 1934 he was promoted as Honorary Captain of in the British Indian Army. During this period he was also inducted into the Indian Civil Service (ICS) as an Assistant Commissioner.A career that he seriously contemplated pursuing before circumstances obliged him to forgo the option. Accession to the throne
On 13 October 1936 Sir Shuja ul-Mulk died suddenly in Chitral of heart failure. <mask> ul-Mulk being the eldest son, succeeded him and was proclaimed Mehtar with full powers at a durbar attended by the Political Agent Malakand Major Johnson on 19 October 1936. Shuja ul-Mulk had died leaving a comparatively stable atmosphere for his successor. Upon becoming the ruler of Chitral he automatically acquired the title of His Highness (which was then hereditary). However the honorific title of Sir would be bestowed several years later when he was Knighted. Reign (1936-1943)
<mask> ul-Mulk ruled for about seven years, in which he proved to be an enlightened chief.He immediately set up the first school in Chitral in 1937. In 1939, he proceeded on a pilgrimage to Saudi Arabia. On the way there he met Sir Sultan Muhammad Shah Aga Khan III at Bombay. Upon completion of Hajj and while returning, he visited the State of Hyderabad and was received with official protocol by Sir Muhammad Akbar Nazar Ali Hydari the Prime Minister of Hyderabad. He also met the Nizam of

masks: Nasir Nasir


title: Nasir ul-Mulk

texts: Hyderabad before returning to Chitral. Soon after his return to Chitral, news broke out of World War II starting in Europe. In India, the Viceroys War Purpose Fund was being collected, into which the Mehtar made a donation of 30,000 Indian Rupees.The Governor of the North West Frontier Province welcomed the initiative. <mask> was promoted as Hon Major in the British Indian Army in 1940. In October 1940, the governor of NWFP Sir George Cunningham accompanied by the Political Agent Malakand visited Chitral. Massive celebrations were held in their honor. At the conclusion of their visit two demands were placed before the Governor by <mask> ul-Mulk. The area of Yasin and Ghizer which were part of Chitral at the time of Aman ul-Mulk were taken away by the British in 1895. These areas, it was pleaded, should be returned to Chitral.All outside forces serving in the defense of Chitral should be replaced by local recruits. Sir George assured the Mehtar that both demands would be considered and eventually the second was accepted. <mask> was made a Knight Commander of the Indian Empire (KCIE) on 1 January 1941. In February the same year, he traveled to Delhi and met the Viceroy Victor Hope, the Marquess of Linlithgow. He also met leaders of the All-India Muslim League and Indian National Congress including Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Mohandas Gandhi, Sir Zafarullah Khan, Sir Shah Muhammad Sulaiman and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. On 1 January 1943, he was promoted to the rank of Honorary Colonel in the British Indian Army. Until then, <mask> had also served as Honorary Colonel Commandant of the Chitral State Scouts (1936-1943).He had no sons but left behind two daughters, one of whom would marry Nawab Bahadur Mohammad Saeed Khan of Amb and the

masks: Nasir Nasir Nasir Nasir


title: Nasir ul-Mulk

texts:
 other her cousin, Saif-ur-Rahman later Mehtar of Chitral. Literary pursuits
<mask> ul-Mulk was a scholar of Persian literature and published several volumes of poetry and prose, he was a close associate of several prominent literary figures of British India, including Sir Mohammad Iqbal. Perhaps his most accomplished work is a Persian treatise on Darwinism in the light of the Quran, Sunnah and Sufi mysticism. The Tarikh-i-Chitral written in Persian by Mirza Muhammad Ghufran was revised and enlarged as the Nayi Tarikh-i-Chitral with the additional research of <mask> ul-Mulk by Mirza Ghulam Murtaza. <mask> is believed to have taken a personal and keen interest in the expansion of the text. Death
<mask> ul-Mulk, died in 1943 without leaving a male heir. He had reigned for seven years and was succeeded by his brother, Muzaffar ul-Mulk.Disambiguation
Sir <mask> ul-Mulk is not to be confused with <mask>-ul-Mulk the 22nd Chief Justice of Pakistan. The latter's father Kamran Khan, was a wealthy and respectable businessman from Swat who had his business branches throughout N.W.F.P including the State of Chitral. Kamran Khan, upon learning about the royal family of Chitral is believed to have developed a liking for the surname ul-Mulk and named his sons Shuja-ul-Mulk, <mask>-ul-Mulk and Rafil-ul-Mulk (the first two being after Chitral's ex-rulers). There is no lineal connecting between the families or Sir <mask> ul-Mulk and <mask>-ul-Mulk for that matter. References

1897 births
1943 deaths
19th-century Indian royalty
20th-century Indian royalty
Indian knights
Indian royalty
Islamia College University alumni
Knights Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Mehtars of Chitral
Nawabs of Pakistan
Pakistani royalty
Princely rulers

masks:
Nasir
Nasir
Nasir
Nasir
Nasir
Justice Nasir
Nasir
Nasir
Justice Nasir


title: Pedro de Garibay

texts:
<mask> (1729, Alcalá de Henares, Spain – July 7, 1815, Mexico City) was a Spanish military officer and, from September 16, 1808 to July 19, 1809, viceroy of New Spain. Military career
Born in Alcalá de Henares in 1729 (some sources say 1727), <mask> entered the military in 1742. As a cadet and lieutenant he took part in action in Portugal, Italy and Morocco. He fought bravely in the attack on the fort of Yaqueví, Santo Domingo. In 1764 he went to New Spain, as sergeant major in an expedition headed by Lieutenant General <mask>lba. In New Spain he participated in the organization and instruction of provincial troops. Later he transferred to the office of sergeant major of the regiment of Mexico City, a position he held for 23 years.In 1783 he was promoted to colonel and in 1789 to brigadier. By this time old and sick, Viceroy Miguel José <mask> promoted him to field marshal in anticipation of his retirement. The coup against Iturrigaray
The pro-Spanish (anti-independence) party headed by Gabriel J<mask> Yermo deposed Viceroy <mask> Iturrigaray on September 15, 1808 for his pro-independence sympathies. This was the first coup in Mexico's history. In accordance with custom, the Audiencia of Mexico named the oldest and highest-ranking military officer in the colony as Iturrigaray's replacement. This was octogenarian Marshal <mask> <mask>. No one was better suited to lead the colony in times of turmoil.<mask> was tall in stature, courageous, charismatic, prestigious, and an intellectual. As viceroy, he had risen to a position for which he had more than enough skill to perform. He

masks:
Pedro de Garibay
Pedro de Garibay
Juan de Villa
de Azanza
. de
José de
Pedro de
Garibay
Garibay


title: Pedro de Garibay

texts:
 reined in the "Parianeros", as the followers of Yermo were popularly known. <mask> signed all the documents delivered to him by members of the Audiencia if he deemed beneficial. Anything else he discarded. The first of these were arrest warrants for criminal leaders in the independence movement — Juan Francisco Azcárate <mask>, councilman in the Mexico City government, Francisco Primo <mask> y Ramos, also a councilman, José Beye Cisneros, the abbot of Guadalupe, Canon Beristáin, Licenciado Cristo, Iturrigaray's secretary, and Fray Melchor <mask>lamantes. Verdad y Ramos was found dead in his cell in the archbishop's prison on October 4, 1808.Reports differed on the cause of death — hanging or poisoning. Five days later Fray Talamantes died of yellow fever in San Juan de Ulúa as he was being transferred under guard to Spain. Cristo was fired from his position in the war office. Azcárate remained in prison until 1811, when he was freed. <mask>'s administration of New Spain
Garibay also created a committee to investigate the anarchist outbreak (the anarchist movement). He dispersed the troops concentrated at Jalapa (Veracruz) by his predecessor. He ordered the sculptor Manuel Tolsá to cast 100 cannons and to manufacture other kinds of arms.He suspended the Cédula de la Caja de Consolidación, which had appropriated the income of religious estates and foundations to the government, and which had been a considerable source of discontent in the colony. The Parianeros, realizing Viceroy <mask>'s control over his countrol, they put on airs as saviors of the fatherland. They organized

masks:
Garibay
y Ledesma
de Verdad
de Ta
Garibay
Garibay


title: Pedro de Garibay

texts: militarily, under the name Realistas Fieles (Faithful Royalists) or Patriotas de Fernando VII (Patriots of Ferdinand VII). They adopted blue jackets like shopkeepers' robes, and for this reason were mockingly known as Los Chaquetas (The Jackets). Viceroy <mask> not only controlled the government; he also tried to prevent the Parianeros from committing outrages and abuses against anyone they singled out. These abuses became so grave that Viceroy <mask> dissolved the Voluntarios de Fernando VII and at the same time enlisted a regiment of dragoons under his personal command. Although the new government at first did not grant formal recognition to any of the various anti-Napoleonic governing juntas in Spain, as a practical matter it accepted the authority of the Junta of Seville, and followed all of its directives.When victories over the French allowed a measure of unification of control in Spain, New Spain recognized the Junta of Aranjuez. <mask> sent a donation of 200,000 pesos to Aranjuez as a contribution to the war, in addition to the 90,000 pesos of the regular payment. The Junta of Aranjuez provided that each of the Spanish colonies send a representative to participate in its deliberations. This provision had a counterproductive effect in New Spain. The Spanish party feared it was the beginning of colonial autonomy, a position it had long opposed. The Criollos deemed a single representative much too minor a concession to be of value. Visitors to New Spain from the United States were viewed with suspicion, for Joseph Bonaparte was known to send French agents into the colonies

masks: Garibay Garibay Garibay


title: Pedro de Garibay

texts:
 to foment rebellion in favor of his regime.A brother of Ferdinand VII (recognized as king by the Spanish population and the Spanish colonies), was held a prisoner in France because his sister, Carlota Joaquina, had tried to get the Junta of Aranjuez to accept her son <mask> as regent of New Spain. Once the alliance with Britain allowed secure commerce with Spain, <mask> ordered the construction of many merchant ships to carry it. His retirement
The Supreme Junta of Spain replaced <mask> with Francisco Javier <mask> y Beaumont, archbishop of Mexico, after ten months. <mask> wanted to return to Spain, but his financial state would not permit it. He then lived, retired from public life, on a monthly pension of 500 pesos granted by Yermo, who was a rich landowner. Later the Crown awarded him the Cross of Carlos III and a pension of 10,000 pesos annually, with the grade of lieutenant general for his contributions to king and country. He died in Mexico City in 1815.For most of his life <mask> <mask> lived in the state of Michoacan, Mexico. His brother lived in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. References
 "<mask>, <mask>," Enciclopedia de México, v. 6. Mexico City: 1987. García Puron, Manuel, México y sus gobernantes, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrua, 1984. Orozco L., Fernando, Fechas Históricas de México.Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1988, . Orozco Linares, Fernando, Gobernantes <mask>. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985, . External links

Viceroys of New Spain
Spanish generals
1729 births
1815 deaths
People from Alcalá de Henares
People from Michoacán
1800s in Mexico
1800s in

masks:
Pedro
Garibay
Garibay
de Lizana
Garibay
Pedro de
Garibay
Garibay
Pedro de
de México


title: Clarence R. Wallace

texts:
<mask> (January 11, 1897 – August 1, 1988) was a decorated officer of the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. He is most noted for his service as commanding officer of the 8th Marine Regiment during World War II. Early career

<mask><mask> was born on January 11, 1897, in Manitou Springs, Colorado, and later attended Manitou Springs High School (Manitou High School) there. He received appointment to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, in June 1916 and following graduation with a Bachelor of Science degree in June 1919, he was commissioned second lieutenant in the Marine Corps at the same time. In early July 1919, <mask> went to the Basic School at Marine Barracks Quantico, Virginia. He spent almost six months there and upon the completion of his course at the end of the year, was transferred to the Marine Corps Aviation. He was subsequently ordered to the Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida one month later and entered Naval aviator training.However, he left the aviation service in January 1921 and was transferred to the Marine Barracks at Parris Island in South Carolina. While there, he was attached to the First Marine Brigade under Brigadier General John H<mask> Jr. and sailed for Haiti. He spent next two years with fighting the Cacos rebels until he was ordered back to the United States in July 1923. His next service assignment was at Marine Corps Base San Diego, California, where he was posted to the 5th Marine Brigade under Joseph H. Pendleton. During this assignment, <mask> was stationed in San Diego and received promotion to the rank of first lieutenant in April 1925. He was subsequently transferred to the Marine Barracks Quantico, Virginia, in May 1926 and later attended the Company Officers course at

masks:
Clarence Rodney Wallace
Clarence R
. Wallace
Wallace
. Russell
Wallace


title: Clarence R. Wallace

texts:
 Marine Corps School in March 1928. Following the graduation, <mask> was attached to the 4th Marine Regiment and sailed for China in October 1928.He was stationed in Tientsin and later performed guard duties at the Shanghai International Settlement. He was ordered back to the United States during January 1929 and assigned to the Marine detachment aboard the Receiving Ship in San Francisco. <mask> rejoined the Marine barracks at Quantico in August 1929 and subsequently was sent on a course at Army Signal School at Fort Monmouth, in New Jersey. He was then transferred to Washington, D.C., where he served at Headquarters Marine Corps until April 1931. He then served his second expeditionary tour of duty in Haiti until September 1933, when he returned to Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C. This time he was assigned to the Office of the Quartermaster of the Marine Corps under Brigadier General Hugh L. Matthews and while in this capacity, he was promoted to the rank of captain in November 1934. He then spent brief period in the Office of the Chief of the Bureau of Engineering, Navy Department, under Rear Admiral Samuel M<mask>, before he was appointed commander of the Marine detachment aboard the battleship USS West Virginia in May 1937.World War II
<mask> returned stateside in June 1939 and was assigned to the Senior Course at Marine Corps Schools Quantico. He finished the course in May 1940 and spent next year as major at the headquarters of Fleet Marine Force in San Diego. <mask> was subsequently transferred back to Quantico in June 1941 and attached as communications officer to the staff of Amphibious Forces, Atlantic Fleet under Rear Admiral Henry K. Hewitt. He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in January 1942 and transferred back to

masks:
Wallace
Wallace
. Robinson
Wallace
Wallace


title: Clarence R. Wallace

texts: Headquarters Marine Corps, but now to the Division of Plans and Policies. Within this assignment, <mask> made an observation tour to London in England. Following the creation of 4th Marine Division at Camp Pendleton, California, he was attached to the division staff for another observation duty during the Battle of Kwajalein in February 1944. <mask> was later promoted to the rank of colonel and appointed commanding officer of 8th Marine Regiment on April 10, 1944.The 8th Marines were located on Hawaii, to prepare for the upcoming Marianas Islands Campaign. <mask> led his regiment ashore during the Battle of Saipan in June 1944. It landed in the southwestern part of Saipan, not far from Chalan Kanoa village. The 8th Marines assaulted the beach fortifications and later helped seized the airstrip in Chalan Kanoa. The 8th Marines under <mask>'s command later attacked the Japanese positions along the Lake Susupe and advanced towards the highest point of Saipan, Mount Tapochau. <mask>'s marines conquered the summit of Mt. Tapochau, an ideal observation post overlooking central Saipan.The 8th Marines subsequently repelled several small Japanese counter-attacks and advanced to Tanapag Harbor, where it was placed in the reserve on July 4, 1944. After a brief rest and refit, <mask> and his 8th Marine Regiment landed on Tinian on the morning of July 25, 1944, and met only light Japanese fire on the beaches. Ushi Point, to the north of the island, was the main objective for this campaign. The 8th Marines captured the abandoned airfield on July 26. The advance of the 8th Marines was slowed down and finally halted by a typhoon, which occurred on July 28. <mask> was ordered to renew the advance on July 30 and subsequently received orders for a final attack on Japanese

masks: Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace Wallace


title: Clarence R. Wallace

texts: units fortified on the cliff in the north of the island. Tinian Island was declared secured on August 1, 1944.The securing of Tinian helped to established a large bomber base from which U.S. planes could operate over the Philippine Sea and onto Japan. For his service on Saipan and Tinian,  <mask> was decorated with the Legion of Merit with Combat "V". <mask> subsequently returned with his regiment to Saipan to prepare for further deployment. However the 8th Marines were later designated as reserve troops for the III Marine Amphibious Corps for the Okinawa landings at the beginning of April 1945. The 8th Marines served only as a deception landing force and did not participate in the battle until the middle of June 1945, when the commanding general of Tenth Army, Simon B. Buckner, requested their deployment. <mask> brought his regiment up to the front on June 18, 1945, in order to relieved the exhausted 7th Marine Regiment. The 8th Marine Regiment was tasked with cutting off the lines and reaching the coast.Lieutenant General Bucker had visited <mask>'s forward command post to observe the progress of his regiment. While <mask> briefed the general about the situation, a Japanese artillery shell hit nearby coral rock and its fragments mortally wounded the general. <mask> and his executive officer, Major William C. Chamberlin, remained unharmed. The 8th Marine Regiment later assaulted Ibaru Ridge and defeated all entrenched Japanese forces there. The regiment later conquered the town of Makabe on June 21, 1945, and the new Tenth Army Commander, Lieutenant General <mask>. Geiger, declared Okinawa secured during the following day. <mask> later led several mopping-up operations in order to destroy or capture remaining minor Japanese units. For his part in this

masks:
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Roy S
Wallace


title: Clarence R. Wallace

texts:
 battle, <mask> received his second Legion of Merit with "V" Device and also received the Navy Presidential Unit Citation.Later career

At the beginning of July 1945, <mask> assumed duties as the chief of staff of the 5th Marine Division under Major General Thomas E. Bourke and took part in the occupation duties in Japan. <mask> was later decorated with the Bronze Star Medal with "V" Device for his services while in Japan. <mask> returned to the United States in February 1946 and was assigned to the Headquarters Marine Corps in Washington, D.C., where he served on the Postwar Personnel Reorganization Board under Brigadier General <mask>. His responsibility was to study military records of all marine officers who wanted to stay in active service and make recommendations based on their records. He was transferred to the Camp Lejeune in July 1946, where he was appointed chief of staff of the 2nd Marine Division under Major General Thomas E. Watson. The 2nd Marine Division just arrived from occupation duties in Japan and subsequently participated in training activities on the East Coast. He was transferred to Chicago in June 1948 and appointed officer in charge of the Central Recruiting Division.<mask> finally retired from active service on June 30, 1949, after 33 years of service in the Marine Corps. He was advanced to the rank of brigadier general for having been specially commended in combat. Decorations

Here is the ribbon bar of Brigadier General <mask><mask>:

See also
Battle of Okinawa

References

1897 births
1988 deaths
People from Manitou Springs, Colorado
United States Marine Corps generals
American military personnel of the Banana Wars
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Military personnel from

masks:
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Wallace
Robert Blake
Wallace
Clarence R
. Wallace


title: Roderick Haig-Brown

texts:
<mask> (February 21, 1908 – October 9, 1976) was a Canadian writer and conservationist. Early life

Haig-Brown was born in Lancing, Sussex, England. His father, Alan Haig-Brown, was a teacher and a prolific writer, the author of hundreds of articles and poems on sports, the military, and educational issues in various periodicals. Alan was also an officer in the British Army during World War I. In 1918 he was killed in action in France. <mask> had a high regard for his father and describes him in an essay entitled “<mask>” as “an Edwardian: one of the young, the strong, the brave and the fair who had faith in their nation, their world and themselves” (27). <mask>'s paternal grandfather, William, was headmaster of the Charterhouse School for thirty-three years.<mask>'s mother, Violet Mary Pope, was one of fifteen children of Alfred Pope, a wealthy Dorset brewer. After the war ended <mask>, his mother and his two sisters went to live with her family. His grandfather Pope was an industrious man with very strong Victorian values of “service, fair play, decency and acceptance of the obligations that follow with the privilege of class and education” (Robertson 6). He was a friend of Thomas Hardy and took young <mask> to tea there on at least one occasion. <mask> later noted in his essay “Hardy’s Dorset” that he regretted not having elicited more information from Hardy about being a writer, but he was sixteen then and was passionate about fishing and shooting. Life on his grandfather's country estate on the Frome River was more fascinating to him than “the past or its old men” (“Hardy’s Dorset” 43). His many uncles loved sport and taught him to fish and shoot, but it was a family friend, Major Greenhill, who served as <mask>’s sporting mentor and taught him both the skills and the ethics of sportsmanship.The estate's gamekeepers,

masks:
Roderick Langmere Haig Brown
Roderick
Alan Roderick Haig Brown
Roderick
Roderick
Roderick
Roderick
Roderick
Roderick


title: Roderick Haig-Brown

texts:
 particularly "Old Fox", introduced him to the importance of conservation and the complexity of the environment. In 1921 <mask> entered Charterhouse where his grandfather Haig-Brown had been headmaster. His physical and social childhood environment contributed, according to biographer Anthony Robertson, to <mask>’s code of conduct. Throughout his life he adhered to an ideal balanced between reason and passion, an ideal infused with knowledge and tempered by responsibility, decency and fair play. This code “invoke[d] a mental and physical discipline that [went] beyond making a successful catch or kill; its central virtue [was] knowledge, intimate and thorough, transcending pursuit” (8). Writing career

Haig-Brown found his way to British Columbia, Canada through a series of unexpected events. After he was expelled from Charterhouse School for drinking and sneaking out, he joined his father’s regiment for a short while, but found that army life was too restrictive.The family decided that the British Colonial Civil Service might be a more agreeable alternative but he was too young to write the exams. He went, in the meantime to Seattle, Washington at the invitation of an uncle who had married a Seattle woman, promising his mother he would come back when he was eligible for the civil service. He worked at a logging camp in Washington, then crossed the border to Canada because his U.S. visa had expired. He remained in British Columbia for three years to work at Nimpkish Lake on Vancouver Island as a logger, a commercial fisherman and an occasional guide to visiting anglers. He returned to England in 1931 and enjoyed the fast-paced life of London. But images of British Columbia haunted him while he wrote his first book, Silver: The Life of an Atlantic Salmon (1931) as well as part of Pool and Rapid (1932). He returned to BC at the end of

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 the year and planned his third book, Panther (1934).He married Ann Elmore of Seattle after publishing Panther, and the couple settled on the banks of the Campbell River where they lived for the rest of their lives, raising three daughters and a son. From the year of his return to British Columbia to 1976, the year of his death, <mask> Haig-Brown published twenty-three books (five more were published posthumously), wrote numerous articles and essays, and created several series of talks and historical dramas for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. He is most famous internationally for his writing on fly fishing and the natural world. He joined the Canadian Army as a personnel officer in 1943 and was later seconded for several months to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police which allowed him to travel across Canada and to the Arctic. He was magistrate for the town of Campbell River from 1941 until 1974. He became a trustee of the Nature Conservancy of Canada, an advisor to the BC Wildlife Federation, a senior advisor to Trout Unlimited and the Federation of Flyfishers, and a member of the Federal Fisheries Development Council and the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. He was also Chancellor of University of Victoria from 1970 to 1973.He served three times on the Federal Electoral Boundaries Commission for British Columbia. These many responsibilities prevented him from devoting much time to writing in the last decade of his life. He retired from the bench a year before his death and was planning to get back to writing as the pressure of his other commitments gradually eased off. His life in his mature years features in many of his books, especially "A River Never Sleeps" and "Measure of the Year". Recognition

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 recognizing his 1943 novel Starbuck Valley Winter, which features trapping. He won award again in 1963 for The Whale People, a novel that features Native Americans. In 1953 Haig-Brown received an honorary LLD (Doctor of Laws) from the University of British Columbia.His books for younger readers won several awards, including the Governor General's Award for "Saltwater Summer" (based on his experience salmon fishing off northern Vancouver Island). The Haig-Browns sold their family home and property on the banks of the Campbell River to the BC government to be preserved as greenbelt land in 1974, retaining a lifetime tenancy. The house is now home to a Canada Council sponsored Writer in Residence in the winter months and bed-and-breakfast in the summer. Haig-Brown's literary and judicial papers are in Special Collections in the library of the University of British Columbia and at the University of Victoria. Other family papers are in The Museum at Campbell River. Legacy

A large-sized Residence Hall at the University of Victoria is named after <mask> Haig-Brown. Tsútswecw Provincial Park near Kamloops was formerly named Roderick Haig-Brown Provincial Park in recognition of the major work Haig-Brown did to preserve the Fraser River and its tributaries as Pacific salmon habitat, especially spawning grounds.This included lobbying to stop major hydropower projects such as the Moran Dam. The Adams River which runs through the park is home to a major sockeye salmon run. Mt. Haig-Brown in Strathcona Park on Vancouver Island is named for <mask> and his wife, Ann, in recognition of their efforts to preserve the Park, especially the battle in the 1950s to keep Buttle Lake from being flooded. The battle was lost but the process made many British Columbians aware of the need to be vigilant about their parks and the natural environment. In 2016,


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 Haig-Brown was named a National Historic Person. Books

Silver: The Life Story of an Atlantic Salmon (1931)
Pool and Rapid (1932)
Panther (1934)
The Western Angler (1939)
Return to the River (1941)
Timber (1942)
 Starbuck Valley Winter (1943), illustrated by Charles De Feo
A River Never Sleeps (1946)
Saltwater Summer (1948)
On the Highest Hill (1949)
Measure of the Year (1950)
Fisherman's Spring (1951)
Fisherman's Winter (1954)
Mounted Police Patrol (1954)
Captain of the Discovery (1956)
Fisherman's Summer (1959)
The Farthest Shores (1960)
The Living Land (1961)
Fur and Gold (1962)
The Whale People (1962), illus.Mary Weiler
A Primer of Fly-Fishing (1964)
Fisherman's Fall (1964)
The Salmon (1974)
Bright Waters, Bright Fish (1980)
Alison's Fishing Birds (1980)
Woods and River Tales (1980)
The Master and His Fish (1981)
Writings and Reflections (1982)

See also

Tsútswecw Provincial Park
 Alan Haig-Brown

References

Robert Cave. "<mask> Haig-Brown: A Descriptive Bibliography ". Citrus Heights, CA: published by the author, 2000. <mask> Haig-Brown. “<mask> Haig Brown.” Writings and Reflections. Ed. Valerie Haig-Brown.Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1982. 27-36. <mask> Haig-Brown. “Hardy’s Dorset.” Writings and Reflections. Ed. Valerie Haig-Brown. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1982.37-47. Valerie Haig-Brown. "Deep Currents: <mask> and Ann Haig-Brown". Victoria, B.C. : Orca Book Publishers, 1997. Anthony Robertson . Above Tide: Reflections on <mask> Haig-Brown.Madeira Park, B.C. : Harbour, 1984. External links
 <mask> Haig-Brown in The Canadian Encyclopedia

 Valerie Haig-Brown  at LC Authorities, with 6 records

1908 births
1976 deaths
Canadian environmentalists
Canadian nature writers
Canadian university and college chancellors
Angling writers
Place of death missing
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
People from

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<mask> (10 May 1938 – 13 October 2013) was an Indian-American/Gujarati film and theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, producer, and production/distribution executive. <mask> was considered the first Indian to create the crossover between Bollywood and Hollywood. He began his career with international stage plays and also screenplay work for US television, but is perhaps best known for directing the feature films Shalimar and The River Niger. In his middle years, <mask> was involved with the low budget cult circuit, directing and distributing movies such as Hard Rock Zombies and Ted & Venus, the later of which he executive produced through his Double Helix Films banner. <mask> was a perennial of the international film distribution scene, where he spent decades in various sales, production, and leadership capacities. In 1984, after years of creating nothing but financial and critical failures at both the US and Indian motion picture box office, <mask> became famously "enraged" over the lack of interest in his film catalogue by distributors in his native India, saying, "the difference between filmmaking in Hollywood and India is like the difference between steak and curry." In a 2010 interview, <mask> said to Dinesh Raheja of Mid Day News, "I was the (M.) Night Shyamalan of my times."Upon his death in 2013, iconic Bollywood actress Zeenat Aman described <mask> as "a very warm and hospitable man". Early years

<mask> began his life in the entertainment business by writing and directing stage plays, internationally. As Artistic Director of the Indian National Theatre, he mounted Rabindranath Tagore's 1910 King of the Dark Chamber in New York City in 1961. Later that year, <mask> and Dark Chamber were brought to the South African theatre scene by the black professional group Union Artists. In 1962, Dark Chamber opened in Durban before playing at the University of the Witwatersrand's Great Hall. <mask> was then honored with a theatre company created in his name (the Shah Theatre Academy), while Professor Dennis Schauffer

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 explore film and television. Paton himself expressed regret at the "tragic" occurrences due to Frank's interference, saying, "I now wish, of course, that we had not presented the play on Broadway."UCLA film school
After the mid-1960s fiasco of Sponono on Broadway, <mask> became a UCLA student, enrolling in the university's film program of the day. During May 1966 his student short film Our Gang debuted at UCLA's "Talking Pictures" semi-annual evening of films. Our Gang was praised as "the best and most truly imaginative movie of the batch". <mask> would years later repeatedly claim that Our Gang had won second place at a UCLA school competition, while director George Lucas' THX 1138 student film had won first. However, Lucas was a USC School of Cinematic Arts student, and the original student version of Lucas' 1138 film was not screened in public until 1967. US television
In 1966, <mask>'s "The Abominable Snowman Affair" was purchased by MGM Television for season three of its hit series The Man from U.N.C.L.E.. The episode, number 13 for the season and number 72 overall, was broadcast 9 December 1966.Fans of the show would later consider the episode among the worst of the series. <mask> would later share a 1968 Story by credit with John McGreevey and Albert Mannheimer on the ABC Television show The Flying Nun. The episode, titled "Tonio's Mother," was first season, number 19. In 1973, <mask> directed vignettes in two episodes of the Paramount Television series Love, American Style. <mask>'s Love and the Clinical Problem appeared season five, episode 33, and featured Dr. Joyce Brothers in a comedic take on sex clinics of the times. On 23 November 1973, <mask>'s Love and the Time Machine aired, with Cindy Williams as the subject of a temporal experiment. <mask> worked for Universal Television in 1974, directing a single episode of the Raymond Burr show Ironside.His episode, called "Once More for Joey," was part of Ironside's seventh season. <mask>'s work in US television concluded with his single episode contribution to

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 the series The Six Million Dollar Man, again for Universal. The episode aired 24 March 1974 with the title "Dr. Wells Is Missing". <mask> shared a Written by credit with Elroy Schwartz, William J. Keenan, and Lionel E. Siegel. The episode established that character Steve Austin could push his bionic legs beyond . Motion pictures (as director)

Rivals
In June 1969, The Hollywood Reporter announced that MGM and Warner Bros. had optioned The Wound, a <mask> original screenplay. Monroe Sachson would direct the picture as his feature film debut, and the script's working title became Jaimie for a time.Two years later Variety reported that the rights for the screenplay had reverted to <mask>, due to production delays. In 1972, <mask> decided to produce and finance the movie himself, and also direct. With the help of Wall Street brother-in-law N. Norman Muller, <mask> mounted the film---now called Rivals---via investments from members of the Muttontown and Hampshire country clubs of Long Island, a process undertaken by Muller who had membership at both venues. <mask> was able to set a cast that included Joan Hackett, Robert Klein, and Scott Jacoby in the leading roles. The film was shot in and around New York City, and was distributed by Avco Embassy in 1972. Upon its release---and in all the years since---Rivals was widely savaged by critics large and small. Roger Greenspun of The New York Times called the film "terrible in such eccentric ways and with such a desire to instruct that I can't deny it certain values, though probably never the values it intended."The US Conference of Catholic Bishops deemed the movie "repugnant trash" and gave it their Morally Offensive mark. In an attempt to rescue the movie from its box office failure, the film was re-released as Deadly Rivals. It was hoped the audience for thriller genre movies would respond to the new name, but they did not. In 1982 another attempt was made to switch the title when distributor Jack H. Harris reissued the film for theatres, branding it Sex and the Single

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 Parent. The River Niger
James Earl Jones, Cicely Tyson, and Lou Gossett, Jr. would headline <mask>'s second feature film, The River Niger. In May 1973, the film rights to Joseph A. Walker's Tony and Pulitzer-winning Broadway play The River Niger were purchased from The Negro Ensemble Company at a price "well into six figures," by veteran producer Sidney Beckerman. After rejections by all the major studios and larger independent financiers, Beckerman contacted Isaac L. Jones for help.Jones successfully solicited a nationwide group of black businessmen affiliated with Minority Enterprise Small Business Investment Corporations (MESBIC), a program established under the Nixon administration to stimulate investments in minority owned and controlled businesses. Jones later stated that The River Niger was the first major film to be financed entirely with MESBIC capital. "I hope this film is successful for our backers," he said. "We all despise black exploitation films and want to create alternatives." <mask> was then selected to direct. In May 1975 it was reported that the filming of The River Niger---also known as Ghetto Warriors---was underway, with a budget of nearly US$800,000 (approximately US$3,900,000 in 2019, when adjusted for inflation). On 26 December 1975, The Hollywood Reporter stated that principal photography had been concluded, and that <mask> had finished the film under budget and in only 19 days.The River Niger had its 2 April 1976 world premiere in Chicago, with a general Los Angeles opening 7 April 1976. Despite the award-winning source material and superb cast, box office was minimal and reviews were largely negative. Roger Ebert gave the film two stars, saying "(it) has good intentions and several very well-acted scenes. But its direction is a mess". Chief film critic Vincent Canby of The New York Times called the movie "a screen disappointment" and "virtually an object lesson in how not to make a movie out of a theater piece," saying the overall narrative had "a total lack of cohesive style and cinematic

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 intelligence". TV Guide would later say that the film "misses the mark due to <mask>'s uncertain direction," while giving the movie two stars. However, Leonard Maltin gave the film three stars, calling it an "intelligent, moving story" that was "touching and convincing."For her work in the role of Mattie, Cicely Tyson would go on to win the 1976 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture. Shalimar
Touted as the most expensive film ever made in India at the time, <mask>'s 1978 Shalimar employed an ambitious galaxy of international stars. <mask> himself said the film would be "a caper film to end all caper films." Instead, as recorded by longtime columnist and film historian Dinesh Raheja, "Shalimar was an epic disaster that changed the course of Bollywood itself. Nobody dared attempt a Hollywood collaboration for a long time thereafter." Recalling the beginnings of Shalimar, novelist Manohar Malgonkar said, “<mask> wrote the screenplay of Shalimar, based on a story written jointly with Stanford Sharman. After that, (<mask>) lived with it for several years, chopping and changing, pruning and adding, revising and polishing, before he made it into a film."Shalimar went on to rate sixth on a list of the top 10 Bollywood flops of the 1970s. As with the previous failure of Rivals, <mask> and his investors re-released Shalimar under several different titles in an attempt to somehow recoup the millions lost. One such "decoy" title was Raiders of the Sacred Stone, which had its own re-designed poster. Cinema Cinema
After the spectacular financial and critical failure of Shalimar, <mask> turned to the documentary circuit with his 1979 montage film Cinema Cinema. The film's premise is a 1970s Indian movie theatre audience engaged in watching a pastiche of historically significant Bollywood cinema clips, and their reactions to it. The documentary has accrued wildly mixed reviews. However, Soumyadip Choudhury gave the film a "must watch" accolade, and Live Mint's Uday Bhatia and Jai Arjun Singh said Cinema Cinema

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 is "(a) charming history lesson" that was "lovingly assembled by <mask>".Amma
<mask> was originally the director of the Hindi movie Amma. <mask> was dismissed by producer Jiten partway into production, over undisclosed differences. <mask>'s name remains unassociated with the film. Hard Rock Zombies
In 1985, <mask> tried his hand at writing, producing, and directing for the comedy-horror genre with his movie Hard Rock Zombies. The film failed financially and was universally panned by critics, with Philip Brophy saying it "(has) the most ludicrous dialogue you'll ever hear short of an Ed Wood Jr. movie," and Evan Wade of Something Awful observing that "the only way this movie could be shittier is if it was a slideshow of Photoshop images featuring Ackbar battling Chuck Norris over a volcano full of robot dinosaurs. Also, it takes itself very seriously." Adding insult to injury, <mask>'s on-screen "Written by" credit is misspelt.American Drive-In
<mask>'s self-created parallel to George Lucas (whom <mask> never knew) would again come to the foreground in his 1985 American Drive-In. The film, a critical and box office washout, was <mask>'s final movie as director. Veteran critic Leonard Klady of The Los Angeles Times offered that American Drive-In "(is) the destitute man's American Graffiti." He continued by saying, "(the film) is such a desperate stab at entertainment that if one were stranded on a desert island surrounded by sharks with only this movie to watch, you'd opt for water skiing." A review on Letterboxd had similar perspectives, noting that American Drive-In "(is) a rip-off, clearly trying to be American Graffiti," and later calling the film "the must avoid movie of 1985." Distribution and production
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, <mask> had a small string of ongoing boutique distribution and agenting companies, starting with his "Movie Reps" shingle that was based in a luxury high-rise residential condominium on Hollywood Boulevard and La Brea. Movie Reps would regularly attend most and sometimes all of the

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 film markets such as MIFED, MIPCOM, AFM, and Cannes, carrying with it a slate of generally low-budget "schlock" fare, sold to various effect.Movie Reps
In the late 1980s, <mask> established Movie Reps, a company acting as middleman between film distributors and producers. <mask> said to Variety in a January 1991 interview, "Producers need me because I can get their films distributed. Distributors need me because I can make sure they are buying all the rights that they think they are." (Variety incorrectly reported the name of <mask>'s company in the article, calling it Media Reps. A correction was not issued.) <mask> and his Movie Reps would become involved with hundreds of international independent producers, distributors, financiers, and associated personnel, generally in the micro to low-budget arena. People such as Nagesh Kukunoor, Bud Cort, Ron Marchini, David Carradine (then on the downside of his career), and even Timothy Leary were regularly in and out the door of the Movie Reps offices. At one point, Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley---both largely unknown at the time---made an appointment with <mask>, to consider buying his condo unit.After they came by to have a look, nothing ever became of it. In 1995, <mask> claimed to have generated US$2-million for Movie Reps from a deal he made to distribute a previously unknown Jim Carrey TV movie, Introducing Janet. The movie was later retitled as Rubberface. In the twilight era of <mask>'s Movie Reps company, he would find himself involved with Pakistani filmmaker Aslam Ansari Mohammad who claimed to have been attacked by an assassin on a Los Angeles freeway due to his public meetings with <mask> and writer Michel Potts, regarding a screenplay about a CIA killing. Double Helix Films
<mask> began his work with Double Helix Films while he was still running Movie Reps. As such, he commissioned professionally crafted multi-page "newsletters" for each and every major market attended by the company. These newsletters were used as a sales and publicity tool, and they contained

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 outlandish, grandiose stories (some of them fictitious) regarding various clients and projects. In the centerfold, <mask> placed an extensive list of the Double Helix library offerings, with micro-descriptions of the entire collection.These descriptions were so over-the-top and ridiculous that they became widely known in markets such as Cannes, where various market attendees would be seen on the Croisette, reading the centerfold and laughing about it. In 1991 <mask> bought the Double Helix Films library from Odyssey Entertainment, signing a US$3.6-million IOU note via brother-in-law N. Norman Muller, at the time CEO of Odyssey. <mask> became President of Double Helix Films, and would default on the arranged IOU in 1993. His Double Helix library was sold to ATC II, Inc. Double Helix was involved in numerous lawsuits, including <mask>'s personal suit against Muller, and vice versa. Carnegie Film Group
For a time, <mask> was President of yet another distribution outfit, the Carnegie Film Group, which was created from the ashes of Double Helix Films. <mask> would find his company embroiled in various lawsuits.Carnegie closed its doors in 1995. Unrealized projects
Several of <mask>'s high-profile "dream movies" were never realized. While numerous stories of these films circulated for decades in the established international media, not a single project came to fruition. Baiju - The Gypsy
In 2010, <mask> announced his remake of Baiju Bawra, with A.R. Rahman already aboard to do music. The film, later retitled Baiju - The Gypsy, was shelved. <mask> then attempted to publicly auction his script to the highest bidder.Taj
In August 2000 a Screen Daily piece mentioned that <mask> was in the talent scouting phase for his Taj Mahal, a film expected to enter production in 2001. Eight years later, the project was announced as a US$25-million epic historical romance, now renamed Taj. <mask> reportedly sold the script to "Hollywood" for Rs 2 Crore (approximately US$345,000 in 2019, when accounting inflation) and said there were "feelers"

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 from Ridley Scott, Michael Rymer, Silvio Sardi, and Ramoji Rao. <mask> commented that his script was being compared to the works of Shakespeare by professionals in the Hollywood film industry. Later, it was reported that Michael Radford was attached to direct. Still, nothing became of Taj and it never appeared in the news again. Slate announcement
<mask> started a Mumbai-based production company in 2003, calling it Movie Moghuls.He announced a slate of three films, each of them in some state of preproduction, but nothing ever became of them. Mother: The Indira Gandhi Story (aka Birth of a Nation)
In 2009, <mask> announced Tom Hanks and Tommy Lee Jones as "being lined up" for the roles of Lyndon B. Johnson and Richard Nixon in <mask>'s upcoming cinematic account of Indira Gandhi's life story, his self-written Birth of a Nation. <mask> also announced that, "the 'Queen of Bollywood,' Madhuri Dixit, has been picked to play the title role." Also mentioned as pending cast were Emily Watson and Albert Finney. Later, Helen Mirren was said to be "in talks" for the film but when interviewed on the matter Mirren said, "No, no. I'm not interested in biopics or anything of the sort." On 21 November 2009, a story was released that confirmed Madhuri Dixit had indeed been enticed to "sign on the dotted line" for the role of Indira Gandhi.Dixit immediately issued a counter-statement explaining that all reports of her playing the title character were premature, as she had not yet agreed to the role. In January 2010 the Birth of a Nation budget had inflated to US$65-million, and the project was labeled "propaganda" by some in the Sikh community. During the Cannes Film Festival of May 2010, Telegraph India journalist Amit Roy was told by <mask> that Birth of a Nation was set to be made in two parts, "...like Lord of the Rings." <mask> said he'd written 18 drafts of the script to date. <mask> also pointed out that his earlier plan to cast actress Madhuri Dixit in the lead had been "ditched," and he had instead gotten three other actresses

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 attachment to the project as director while <mask> brushes off any idea of problems with the Gandhi family, saying, "This story is in the public domain and as an artiste, I have the right to interpret and depict it, based on factual material. They (Gandhis) know I am doing this film. I haven't sought any permission, nor do I need to. Through intermediaries, however, we have informed them."As reported by high society columnist Nisha Jamwal (aka Nisha JamVwal), in July 2012 <mask> threw an "Indira Gandhi Gala"---hosted at Juhu Chowpatty Beach, Mumbai---to celebrate the pending Birth of a Nation production. In attendance and pictured with <mask> were director Bruce Beresford, along with Hollywood's "Power Couple" of former Creative Artists Agency co-chairman Rick Nicita and producer/talent agent Paula Wagner. Others photographed at the gala included Zeenat Aman, Poonam Dhillon, Neena Gupta, Soni Razdan, Deepa Sahi, Rohini Hattangadi, Kalpana Lazmi, Ashutosh Gowarikar, Prateik Babbar, Ketan Mehta, and Sanjay Chhel. Jamwal states, "For me the most fascinating part of the evening was the mini-film that <mask> and Bruce showcased through the cocktails. The film uses modern technology to morph several well known Hollywood and Bollywood actors as Indian politicians. This was done to illustrate what Beresford had carefully planned with <mask> to indicate whom he was thinking of, for which role." After the gala there was no further public information regarding Birth of a Nation.Since the time of his death in 2013, <mask> Gandhi project remains unmade. Later years
<mask> kept occupied in his later years by traveling the speaker circuit and hosting various filmmaking forums, seminars, and discussions. <mask> also claimed to have made "a lot of money" in his ongoing work as a Hollywood Script Doctor. Filmography

References

External links

1938 births
2013 deaths
American film producers
UCLA Film School alumni
Indian film directors
Film directors from Mumbai
Film producers from Mumbai
Hindi-language film directors
Hindi film

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title: François Baroin

texts:
<mask> (born 21 June 1965) is a French politician and lawyer who served as Finance Minister from 2011 to 2012, following a stint as Budget Minister in the government of Prime Minister <mask>. A member of The Republicans (LR), he was a long-time ally of Jacques Chirac and has been Mayor of Troyes in Champagne since 1995. Early life and education
Baroin was born in the 12th arrondissement of Paris to an upper-class family. His father Michel Baroin was a student friend of Chirac’s who went on to become a leading freemason, chairman of retailer Fnac and the insurer GMF, and a powerful local politician. Baroin studied at Collège Stanislas de Paris before moving to ISG Business School and Panthéon-Assas University. Early career
Baroin started his career as a political correspondent for Europe 1 from 1988 until 1992. Political career
In 1992, at Chirac’s behest, Baroin joined his party Rally for the Republic (RPR).He became a member of the National Assembly in the 1993 elections – where he served on the Committee on Legal Affairs – and the mayor of Troyes, a mid-sized city west of Paris, two years later. Baroin was appointed Chirac’s campaign spokesman in the 1995 French presidential election. Following the elections, he became first state secretary and government spokesman under Prime Minister Alain Juppé and then, after a reshuffle, a political aide to the president. Returning to parliament, Baroin was a member of the National Assembly's Finance Committee (1997-2001), the Committee on Cultural Affairs (2001-2002) and the Committee on Legal Affairs (2002-2005). He also served as the Assembly's vice-president between 2002 and 2005. In the government led by Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin, Baroin served as Minister for Overseas Territories from June 2005 to March 2007 and was briefly Minister of the Interior from March to May 2007. He replaced Nicolas Sarkozy on 26 March 2007 as Interior Minister when Sarkozy left the Government to pursue his presidential candidacy.During his time as Minister of the Budget in the government of Prime Minister

masks:
François Claude Pierre René Baroin
François Fillon


title: François Baroin

texts:
 <mask> from 2010 until 2011, Baroin successfully managed controversial dossiers such as wealth tax reform, the reduction of civil servants and the abolition of Sarkozy’s controversial tax cap for the rich. On 29 June 2011, Baroin was appointed Minister for the Economy, Finance and Industry in Fillon’s cabinet, replacing Christine Lagarde following her appointment as Director General of the International Monetary Fund. At the time, he was one of three candidates discussed for the role, alongside Bruno Le Maire and Valérie Pécresse. The appointment was seen as a tribute to Baroin’s presumed ability to sell austerity to the French public and to unpick the economic policy of the opposition Socialist Party. During his brief time in office, he chaired the meetings of the Group of Eight ministers of finance when France held the group's presidency in 2011. From 2014, Baroin served as president of the France's Mayors Organization (Association des Maires de France), a powerful organization for more than 36,000 mayors in France. Ahead of the 2017 French presidential election, Baroin played a central role in the campaign of <mask>.After Fillon was eliminated in the first round of voting, Baroin declared that he would vote for Emmanuel Macron in the runoff election and that he would be available as prime minister in a cohabitation; however, Macron eventually chose Édouard Philippe for the post. Career in the private sector
In 2018, Baroin joined the French investment banking business of Barclays as an external senior advisor. When Christian Jacob was elected chairman of the Republicans in 2019, he appointed Baroin as strategic advisor. In 2020, Baroin was mentioned by news media as potential candidate for the 2022 French presidential election; however, he declared in October 2020 that he would not run for president. Other activities
 European Investment Bank (EIB), Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Governors (2011-2012)

Wiretapping by NSA
In 2015, WikiLeaks revealed that the U.S. National Security Agency wiretapped Baroin’s communication during his time

masks:
François Fillon
François Fillon


title: Dave Potter (motorcyclist)

texts:
<mask> (27 July 1950 – 18 September 1981) was an English motorcycle racer who won the British Superbike Championship twice. <mask> crashed during a race at Oulton Park on 31 August 1981 and suffered head injuries from which he died in hospital 17 days later. Biography
<mask>, from Hovingham, Yorkshire, started racing in 1969 at the Croft Circuit on a BSA Gold Star. The "goldie" was outclassed and not competitive. In his fourth race the bike's oil pump shaft snapped and the engine seized. This caused <mask> to crash and he broke his shoulder and hand. Having been offered a job by Paul Dunstall, <mask> moved to London working for Dunstall as a mechanic.He brought one of Dunstall's bike and had some success on it in clubman's races, winning at Brands Hatch and Snetterton. In 1971, <mask> won Lydden Circuit's Lord of Lydden title. The next meeting was the Hutchinson 100 at Brands Hatch, where <mask> won the Mick Andrew Trophy. Charlie Sanby crashed at the "Hutch" and was unable to ride for a few weeks due to a suspected broken collarbone, leaving his team, Gus Kuhn, without a rider for Silverstone the next weekend. <mask> phoned <mask> of Kuhn and arrange to ride for them. On the Kuun Norton he had some wins during the season, culmination with a win at Snetterton in October which clinched the Bemsee (British Motorcycle Racing Club) Production Title for him. <mask> had some wins on the Khun Norton in 1972, culminating in a win at Silloth in the final round of the British 750 cc Championship which clinched the championship for him.He also finished 6th in that

masks:
Dave Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Potter
Vincent Davey
Potter


title: Dave Potter (motorcyclist)

texts: year's MCN Superbike Series. <mask> was dominant at Lydden, winning both the Lord of Lydden in June and the Lord of the Flyers in July. As well as domestic competitions, <mask> also raced in Europe at the , a round of the FIM Endurance Cup series, at Circuit Paul Ricard and at Rungis in the Grand Prix of Paris. In 1973 <mask> was in the British team for the Transatlantic Trophy, an annual match series between Britain and America held over the Easter weekend. <mask> won the first race at Brands Hatch and finished 5th overall, the second highest finishing Briton. As well as domestic competitions, <mask> also competed in Europe, in April at the Rouen Trophee 750 International and the Imola 200 both on the Kuhn Norton. <mask> also competed in endurance racing on a BMW with co-rider Graham Sharp in the 24 hours of Barcelona and Bol d'Or.<mask> competed in the 24 hours of Barcelona again in 1974, this time on a Kuhn Norton with Gary Green as co-rider. Gus Kuhn entered <mask> and Green on a Norton for the Thruxton 500 mile Endurance GP. At a late stage the pair changed to Green's Triumph Trident  and they finished second. In domestic races <mask> continued to race the Kuhn Norton including an impressive win in the wet in the production race at Brands Hatch's Hutchinson 100 meeting where he led from start to finish. <mask> teamed up with Willie Ryan to develop and race the Crescent 500 cc bike. The machine was relatively unsuccessful but <mask> did manage a production class win at Brands Brands Hatch. He also made his only appearance at the Isle of Man TT

masks: Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter


title: Dave Potter (motorcyclist)

texts: races in the Senior TT but failed to finish on the Crescent.In 1975 <mask> joined the BP sponsored team of Ted Broad. On the Broad Yamaha TZ750 <mask> finished 5th in the MCN Superbike Championship. He also raced in two of the FIM Formula 750 Championship rounds, finishing 4th in the Imola 200 and second in the Mettet 1000 km. <mask> was also chosen for the British team in the 1975 Transatlantic trophy. Penthouse magazine, BMW and Gus Kuhn teamed up to provide BMW R90S machines for <mask> and Green to compete in the 1975 Coupe d'Endurance series. The pair finished second at the 1000 km of Le Mans and fifth at the Barcelona 24 hours but failed to finish in the Bol d'Or. With greater support from BP, the Broad team became more competitive in 1976.<mask> finished 5th overall in the F750 Series, with podiums at Nivelles-Baulers and Silverstone. He also scored his first GP point for 10th place at the 500cc Dutch Grand Prix. On the domestic front, <mask> was 4th in the MCN Superbike Championship and won the 'King of Brands' title. Broad added a Suzuki RG 500 to the stable for 1977 (Yamaha had no racing 500 at that time) and <mask> competed in the British ShellSport 500cc series on the RG. Competing on a Yamaha TZ750 in the MCN Superbike Championship he finished third. At the 1978 Transatlantic Trophy, <mask> was the top British individual scorer. In the MCN Superbike series, <mask> won the rounds at Donington and Mallory and the series went down to the wire at the final round at Brands Hatch but <mask> slid off and Barry Sheene won the championship.In the

masks: Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter


title: Dave Potter (motorcyclist)

texts:
 500 cc ShellSport Championship <mask> finished 5th. Mitsui Yamaha, the UK importers, backed the Broad team in 1979. On works TZ750s <mask> battled with Ron Haslam for the Superbike Championship. The series was again decided at the final round at Brands Hatch, this time <mask> came out on top and won the championship. He also won Snetterton's 'Race of Aces'. The long awaited Yamaha 500-4 was available for 1980 and <mask> returned to competing in the ShellSport 500cc Championship. With a win at Brands he finished 3rd in the series.He also competed at selected GP races on the 500. Retaining his Superbike championship was his main focus for the year, and he wrapped up the championship in the penultimate round at Mallory. <mask> was awarded the 1980 ITV World of Sport Championship. Death
Defending his Superbike championship at Oulton Park on Monday 31 August 1981, <mask> won the first race. In the second heat he slid off at Cascades whilst in the lead and slip into an unprotected Armco barrier and suffered head injuries. He was taken to Chester Royal Infirmary and later transferred to Stoke Mandeville. <mask> never regained consciousness and died on 18 September.<mask> was survived by his wife Sue and children Sara and Oliver. Career statistics
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap)

Motorcycle Grand Prix results

Formula 750 Championship results

FIM Endurance Cup

TT Results

References

1950 births
1981 deaths
People from Hovingham
English motorcycle racers
Motorcycle racers killed while racing
Sport deaths in

masks: Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter Potter


title: E. Jean Carroll

texts:
<mask> (born December 12, 1943) is an American journalist, author, and advice columnist. Her "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle magazine from 1993 through 2019, becoming one of the longest-running advice columns in American publishing. The first female contributing editor for Playboy,  <mask> was noted for her gonzo-style
first person narrative as a journalist; The New York Times wrote that she was "feminism's answer to Hunter S. Thompson." In her 2019 book, What Do We Need Men For? : A Modest Proposal, <mask> accused Les Moonves and Donald Trump of sexually assaulting her in the mid-1990s. Both Moonves and Trump denied the allegations.Early life
<mask> "E<mask>" <mask> was born on December 12, 1943 in Detroit, Michigan. She also went by "<mask>nie". Her father, Thomas F. "Tom<mask>, Jr., was an inventor, and her mother, Betty (née McKinney) <mask>, was a retired Allen County, Indiana politician. <mask> was raised in Fort Wayne, Indiana and attended Indiana University. A Pi Beta Phi and a cheerleader, she  was crowned Miss Indiana University in 1963, and in 1964, as a representative of the university, she won the Miss Cheerleader USA title. She appeared on To Tell The Truth in 1965. Career

Column: Ask E. <mask>'s "Ask E. Jean" column appeared in Elle from 1993 until 2020.Widely read, it was acclaimed for <mask>'s opinions on sex, her insistence that women should "never never" structure their lives around men, and her compassion for letter-writers experiencing difficult life situations. When it debuted, Amy Gross, a former editor-in-chief of Elle, compared the column to putting <mask> on a "bucking bronco", describing her responses to readers as "the cheers and whoops and hollers of a fearless woman having a

masks:
Elizabeth Jean Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Elizabeth Jean
. Jean
Carroll
Jean
" Carroll
Carroll
Carroll
Jean Carroll
Carroll
Carroll


title: E. Jean Carroll

texts:
 good ol' time." <mask> was fired from <mask> in February 2020; she wrote on Twitter that she was dismissed "Because Trump ridiculed my reputation, laughed at my looks, & dragged me through the mud." <mask> maintained that the decision to fire <mask> was a business decision unrelated to Trump. Television: Ask E. <mask>, Saturday Night Live
<mask> wrote for Saturday Night Live in the mid-1980s. She was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Writing in a Variety or Music Program in 1987. From 1994 through 1996, NBC's America's Talking—the predecessor to MSNBC—aired Ask E. <mask>, a television series that <mask> produced.Entertainment Weekly called <mask> "the most entertaining cable talk show host you will never see." <mask> and the show were nominated for a CableACE Award in 1995. Magazines, books, and anthologies
In addition to writing for magazines including The Atlantic and Vanity Fair, <mask> served as a contributing editor for Outside, Esquire and Playboy. She was Playboy's first female contributing editor. <mask> was known for her gonzo-style  first-person narratives. She hiked into the Star Mountains with an Atbalmin tracker and a Telefomin warrior; chronicled the lives of basketball groupies in a story called "Love in the Time of Magic"; and went to Indiana to investigate why four white farm kids were thrown out of school for dressing like black artists in "The Return of the White Negro". She tracked down her old boyfriends and moved in with them and their wives and went on a camping trip with Fran Lebowitz.Bill Tonelli, her Esquire and Rolling Stone editor, said in a 1999 interview that all of <mask>'s stories were "pretty much the same thing. Which is: 'What is this person like when he or she is in a room

masks: Carroll Elle Elle Carroll Jean Carroll Jean Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll


title: E. Jean Carroll

texts:
 with E. <mask>?' She's institutionally incapable of being uninteresting." Several of <mask>'s pieces have been included in  non-fiction anthologies such as The Best of Outside: The First 20 Years (Vintage Books, 1998), Out of the Noosphere: Adventure, Sports, Travel, and the Environment (Fireside, 1998) and Sand in My Bra: Funny Women Write from the Road (Traveler's Tales, 2003). Her 2002 story for Spin, "The Cheerleaders" was selected as one of the year's "Best True Crime Reporting" pieces. It appeared in Best American Crime Writing, edited by Otto Penzler, Thomas H. Cook, and Nicholas Pileggi (Pantheon Books, 2002).In 1993, <mask>'s biography of Hunter S. Thompson, Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson, was published by Dutton. Her memoir, What Do We Need Men For? : A Modest Proposal was released in June 2019. The title referred to the 1729 satire, A Modest Proposal, by Jonathan Swift. In the late summer and fall of 2020 and the winter of 2021, <mask> published a series about the women who came forward to accuse Donald Trump of sexual misbehavior for The Atlantic, profiling Natasha Stoynoff, Karena Virginia, Jessica Leeds, Alva Johnson and Kristin Anderson. Vanity Fair published <mask>'s profile of Jill Harth. This American Life featured her in conversation with Jessica Leeds.Online
In 2002, <mask> co-founded greatboyfriends.com with her sister, Cande <mask>. On the site, women recommended their ex-boyfriends to each other. GreatBoyfriends was acquired by The Knot Inc. in 2005. In 2004, she launched Catch27.com, a spoof of Facebook. On the site, people put their profiles on trading cards and bought, sold, and traded each other. She launched an online version of her column,  askejean.com, in

masks: Jean Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll


title: E. Jean Carroll

texts:
 2007. Ten  years later <mask> co-founded Tawkify, "a personal concierge" for dating."She also advised Tawkify's matchmaking team. Sexual assault allegations

Donald Trump

On June 21, 2019, prior to the release of her book, which detailed the event, <mask> wrote in New York magazine that Donald Trump sexually assaulted her in the fall of 1995 or the spring of 1996 in a Bergdorf Goodman store in New York City. Trump denied the allegations, claiming he had never met her. However, in the New York magazine article, <mask> provided a photograph which showed her meeting Trump in 1987. Two people she told, Lisa Birnbach and Carol Martin, confirmed with New York that they had discussed the alleged assault with <mask>. <mask> chose not to describe the alleged sexual assault as rape, instead describing it as a fight. "My word is fight.My word is not the victim word...I fought." Defamation suit
In addition to other comments denying <mask>'s accusation, Trump stated in a June 2019 interview with The Hill that  <mask> was "totally lying" and that he knew "nothing about her." He also said that she was "not his type"  and implied that her allegation was politically and financially motivated. In November 2019, <mask> filed a defamation suit with the New York Supreme Court. The suit stated that Trump had damaged her reputation, substantially harmed her professionally, and caused emotional pain. After the suit was filed, White House press secretary Stephanie Grisham said:  "The lawsuit is frivolous and the story is a fraud — just like the author." In January 2020,  <mask>'s attorneys served a request for a DNA sample from Trump to compare against the unidentified male DNA on the black dress she was wearing when she alleged he

masks: Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll


title: E. Jean Carroll

texts:
 attacked her.In September 2020, citing the Federal Tort Claims Act, DOJ lawyers argued that Trump, in responding to <mask>'s accusation, had acted in his official capacity. In addition to replacing Trump's personal lawyers, the right to move the proceedings from state to federal court was asserted. <mask>'s lawyer, Roberta A. Kaplan issued a statement that in part read: "Trump's effort to wield the power of the U.S. government to evade responsibility for his private misconduct is without precedent." In October 2020, U.S. District Court Judge Lewis Kaplan rejected the government's motion. In November of the same year, the DOJ filed an appeal with the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. Les Moonves

<mask>, alongside 12 other women, accused Les Moonves of sexual assault. She says the incident occurred in an elevator after she had interviewed Moonves for a story.Moonves denied the allegation. Personal life
<mask> resides around Warwick, New York. She was formerly married to reporter John Johnson. Selected books
 1985: Female Difficulties: Sorority Sisters, Rodeo Queens, Frigid Women, Smut Stars, and Other Modern Girls, Bantam Books,
 1993: Hunter: The Strange and Savage Life of Hunter S. Thompson, Dutton,
 1997: A Dog in Heat Is a Hot Dog and Other Rules to Live By, a collection of her Ask E. <mask> columns, Simon and Schuster,
 2004: Mr. Right, Right Now, HarperCollins,
 2019: What Do We Need Men For? : A Modest Proposal, St. Martin's Press,

References

External links

1943 births
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
American advice columnists
American women columnists
Donald Trump controversies
Elle (magazine) writers
Living people
Writers from Detroit
Writers from Fort

masks: Carroll Carroll Carroll Carroll Jean


title: Erik the Red

texts:
<mask> (), known as <mask>, was a Norse explorer, described in medieval and Icelandic saga sources as having founded the first settlement in Greenland. He most likely earned the epithet "the Red" due to the color of his hair and beard. According to Icelandic sagas, he was born in the Jæren district of Rogaland, Norway, as the son of Thorvald Asvaldsson. One of <mask>'s sons was the well-known Icelandic explorer <mask>. Personal life

Early life
<mask> was born in Rogaland, Norway in 950 CE. He was the son of Thorvald Asvaldson (also spelled Osvaldson). As a method of conflict resolution that subsequently became something of a family custom, <mask>'s father, Thorvald Asvaldsson, was banished from Norway for manslaughter.He sailed west from Norway with his family, including 10-year-old <mask>, and settled in Hornstrandir in northwestern Iceland, where he eventually died before 1000 AD. Marriage and family
<mask> married Þjódhild Jorundsdottir and moved to Haukadalr (Hawksdale) where he built a farm called Eiríksstaðir. Þjódhild was the daughter of Jorundur Ulfsson and Þorbjorg Gilsdottir. Medieval Icelandic tradition relates that <mask> the <mask> and his wife Þjódhild had four children: a daughter, Freydís, and three sons, the explorer Leif <mask>, Thorvald and Thorstein. Unlike his son Leif and Leif's wife, who became Christians, <mask> remained a follower of Norse paganism. While <mask>'s wife took heartily to Christianity, even commissioning Greenland's first church, <mask> greatly disliked it and stuck to his Norse gods—which, the sagas relate, led Þjódhild to withhold intercourse from her husband. Exile
Following in his father's footsteps, <mask> also found himself exiled for a time.The initial confrontation occurred when his thralls (slaves) started a landslide on the

masks:
Erik Thorvaldsson
Erik the Red
Erik
Leif Erikson
Erik Thorvaldsson
Erik the Red
Erik
Erik
Erik
Red
Erikson
Erik
Erik
Erik
Erik


title: Erik the Red

texts:
 neighboring farm belonging to Valthjof. In turn, Valthjof's friend, Eyjolf the Foul, killed the thralls. So, in retaliation, <mask> killed Eyjolf and Holmgang-Hrafn. Because Eyjolf's kinsmen demanded his banishment from Haukadal, the Icelanders later sentenced <mask> to exile for three years for killing Eyjolf the Foul around the year 982. <mask> then moved to the island of Eyxney. He asked Thorgest to keep his setstokkr—inherited ornamented beams of significant mystical value, which his father had brought from Norway. When he had finished his new house, he went back to get them, but they "could not be obtained".<mask> then went to Breidabolstad and took them. These are likely to have been Thorgest's setstokkr, although the sagas are unclear at this point. Thorgest gave chase, and in the ensuing fight <mask> slew both Thorgest's sons and "a few other men". After this, each of them retained a considerable body of men with him at his home. Styr gave <mask> his support, as did also Eyiolf of Sviney, Thorbjiorn, Vifil's son, and the sons of Thorbrand of Alptafirth; while Thorgest was backed by the sons of Thord the Yeller, and Thorgeir of Hitardal, Aslak of Langadal and his son Illugi.The dispute was resolved at an assembly, the Thing, which outlawed <mask> for three years. Death
<mask>'s son Leif <mask>son became the first Viking to explore the land of Vinland–part of North America, probably near modern-day Newfoundland–and invited his father on the voyage. However, according to legend, <mask> fell off his horse on the way to the ship and took this as a bad sign, leaving his son to continue without him.<mask> died in an epidemic that killed many of the colonists in the winter after his son's departure. Discoveries

Even though popular history credits <mask> as the first person to

masks: Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik Erik


title: Erik the Red

texts:
 discover Greenland, the Icelandic sagas suggest that earlier Norsemen discovered and tried to settle it before him. Tradition credits Gunnbjörn Ulfsson (also known as Gunnbjörn Ulf-Krakuson) with the first sighting of the land-mass. Nearly a century before <mask>, strong winds had driven Gunnbjörn towards the land he called Gunnbjörn's skerries. But the accidental nature of Gunnbjörn's discovery has led to his neglect in the history of Greenland. After Gunnbjörn, Snæbjörn galti had also visited Greenland. According to records from the time, Galti headed the first Norse attempt to colonize Greenland, which ended in disaster.However, <mask> <mask> was the first permanent European settler. Greenland
During his exile, around 982, <mask> sailed to a somewhat mysterious and little-known land that Snæbjörn galti Hólmsteinsson had unsuccessfully attempted to settle four years before. He rounded the southern tip of the island, later known as Cape Farewell, and sailed up the western coast. Eventually, he reached a part of the coast that, for the most part, seemed ice-free and consequently had conditions—similar to those of Iceland—that promised growth and future prosperity. According to the Saga of Erik the Red, he spent his three years of exile exploring this land. The first winter he spent on the island of Eiriksey, the second winter he passed in Eiriksholmar (close to Hvarfsgnipa). In the final summer he explored as far north as Snaefell and into Hrafnsfjord.When <mask> returned to Iceland after his exile had expired, he is said to have brought with him stories of "Greenland". <mask> deliberately gave the land a more appealing name than "Iceland" in order to lure potential settlers. He explained, "people would be attracted to go there if it had a favorable name". He knew that the success

masks:
Erik
Erik the
Red
Erik
Erik
Erik


title: Erik the Red

texts:
 of any settlement in Greenland would need the support of as many people as possible. His salesmanship proved successful, as many people—especially "those Vikings living on poor land in Iceland" and those that had suffered a "recent famine"—became convinced that Greenland held great opportunity. After spending the winter in Iceland, <mask> returned to Greenland in 985 with a large number of colonists. Out of 25 ships that left for Greenland eleven were lost at sea; only 14 arrived.The Icelanders established two colonies on the southwest coast: the Eastern Settlement or Eystribyggð, in what is now Qaqortoq, and the Western Settlement, close to present-day Nuuk. Eventually, a Middle Settlement grew, but many people suggest it formed part of the Western Settlement. The Eastern and Western Settlements, both established on the southwest coast, proved the only two areas suitable for farming. During the summers, when the weather was more favorable to travel, each settlement would send an army of men to hunt in Disko Bay above the Arctic Circle for food and other valuable commodities such as seals (used for rope), ivory from walrus tusks, and beached whales. Eastern Settlement

In the Eastern Settlement, <mask> built the estate of Brattahlíð, near present-day Narsarsuaq. He held the title of paramount chieftain of Greenland and became both greatly respected and wealthy. The settlement flourished, growing to 5,000 inhabitants spread over a considerable area along Eriksfjord and neighboring fjords.Groups of immigrants escaping overcrowding in Iceland joined the original party. However, one group of immigrants which arrived in 1002 brought with it an epidemic that ravaged the colony, killing many of its leading citizens, including <mask> himself. Nevertheless, the colony rebounded and survived

masks: Erik Erik Erik


title: Erik the Red

texts:
 until the Little Ice Age made the land marginal for European life-styles in the 15th century–shortly before Christopher Columbus's first voyage to the Americas in 1492. Pirate raids, conflict with Inuit moving into the Norse territories, and the colony's abandonment by Norway became other factors in its decline. Comparisons to Greenland saga

There are numerous parallels between the Saga of Erik the Red and the Greenland saga, including recurring characters and recountings of the same expeditions, though with a few notable differences. The saga of <mask> the Red portrays a number of the expeditions in the Greenland saga as just one expedition led by Thorfinn Karlsefni, although <mask>'s son Thorvald, his daughter Freydís and Karlsefni's wife Gudrid play key roles in the retelling. Another notable difference is the location of their settlements.According to the Grœnlendinga saga, Karlsefni and the others settled in a place that is referred to only as Vinland, while in <mask> the <mask>'s saga they formed two base settlements: Straumfjǫrðr where they spent the winter and the following spring, and Hop where they later settled but ran into problems with the natives they called Skrælings, as depicted in the Greenland saga. The two accounts are largely similar otherwise, both with heavy emphasis on the exploits of Thorfinn Karlsefni and his wife Gudrid. Notes

References

External links

 "The Fate of Greenland's Vikings"

950s births
1000s deaths
10th-century explorers
10th-century Icelandic people
11th-century Icelandic people
Norwegian exiles
Germanic pagans
Icelandic explorers
Icelandic people of Norwegian descent
Norse colonization of North America
Norwegian emigrants to Greenland
Norwegian explorers
Norwegian sailors
Scandinavian explorers of North America
Viking

masks: Erik Erik Erik Red


title: Dale Veasey

texts:
<mask> (born May 20, 1960) is a retired American professional wrestler, better known by his ringnames <mask> and Lt. James Earl Wright, who competed in North American regional promotions including the Mid-South region and the National Wrestling Alliance, particularly the Georgia and Florida territories, as well as brief stints in the World Wrestling Federation and World Championship Wrestling, most notably as one half of the tag team State Patrol with Buddy Lee Parker during the 1990s. He would also have a successful career teaming with Bob Brown in international promotions including Continental Championship Wrestling, Stampede Wrestling and the World Wrestling Council (WWC). Career

Early career
<mask> made his professional debut in early 1982, beginning his career in Georgia and Florida. Later that year however, he disappeared from the scene and did not reappear until February 1984, in Georgia Championship Wrestling. The on-air reason given for his hiatus was that he had been in a serious automobile accident, breaking his ankle, jaw, right arm, and also suffering two skull fractures. On his return he was heavier than when last seen in 1982, but spent the next few months trimming down. Veasey was still with the promotion when Black Saturday occurred, at which point he transition to other territories, losing several singles matches to Tim Horner, Shawn Michaels, Terry Taylor and Iceman Parsons while in the Mid-South territory in January 1985 and spending most of the year wrestling in Florida Championship Wrestling facing veterans such as Wahoo McDaniel, Rip Rogers and Hector Guerrero.While in Texas All-Star Wrestling, he also defeated Terry Daniels in a tournament final to win the vacant TASW Junior Heavyweight Championship in San Antonio, Texas on September 2, 1985 holding the title for four months before leaving the area. The Alaskan Hunters & State Patrol
The following year, Veasey underwent another physical transformation into Road Warriors-inspired, The Hunter. He spent most of 1986/1987 wrestling as either The Hunter in singles

masks:
Todd Dale Veasey
Dale Veasey
Dale Veasey