title: Maria Hertogh

texts: consummated when both parties were of the age of majority, valid under Islamic law) to 21-year-old Mansoor Adabi, a Kelantan-born teacher-in-training at the Bukit Panjang Government School. As the marriage had been solemnised in Singapore, English law controlled the validity of the marriage rather than Malayan law (if say, she had married instead in Terengganu) – this was one of the factors that set up the court confrontation against her natal parents. The marriage could have been a manoeuvre by Aminah to prevent further retrieval attempts by the Hertoghs, as <mask> returned to live with Aminah after the wedding night and the new couple never consummated their marriage (this was also the conclusion reached by Justice Brown in the court case). Whether such speculation was true was unimportant in the subsequent development of events, in which <mask>, a willing bride nonetheless, became the central figure.Of Adabi, <mask> remembered decades later that "he was a good husband and really understood my needs". The first challenges on the appropriateness of the marriage actually came from the Muslim community. On 10 August a Muslim leader wrote to The Straits Times, pointing out that although Islamic law permits the marriage of girls starting after puberty (which <mask> had reached a year earlier), there were Muslim countries such as Egypt that legislated for a minimum marriage age of 16. He added, however, that it would not be in the interest of "the friendly understanding... between Christians and Muslims" to object to the marriage since it had already taken place. The latter view was held by the Muslim population at large, albeit in a more antagonistic mood against the Dutch and

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 Europeans at large. Second appeal
Meanwhile, the Hertoghs had not given up legal pursuit to retrieve <mask>. Only a day after the marriage, Aminah received the Hertoghs' representative lawyers from Kuala Lumpur.The lawyers delivered a letter demanding <mask>'s return by 10 August, failing which legal action would be taken. Believing that the marriage settled the matter, Aminah and Mansoor both ignored the deadline. The Hertoghs did not. On 26 August, an originating summons was taken out, under the Guardianship of Infants Ordinance, by the Hertoghs as plaintiffs against Aminah, <mask> and Mansoor, who were all made defendants. The hearing proceeded between 20 and 24 November. For four months, the matter hung in suspense. During this time, <mask> rarely left her residence in the house of M.A.Majid, then president of the Muslim Welfare Association and Adabi's foster father, because in her own words, she attracted "too much attention". Nevertheless, media coverage on the incident had grown to a global scale. Letters from Muslim organisations in Pakistan promising financial and other help arrived, some going so far as to declare any further move by the Dutch Government to separate the couple as "an open challenge to the Muslim world". Pledges of aid also came from <mask>'s native Indonesia and as far as Saudi Arabia. The hearing finally opened, and <mask>'s natal mother, Adeline <mask> travelled down to Singapore to attend. The judge, Justice Brown, delivered the verdict in the case entitled Re M. H. Hertogh, an Infant: <mask> v. Amina binte Mohamed and Others two weeks later. The marriage, instead of resolving the dispute, had instead complicated it.His judgment stated inter

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title: Maria Hertogh

texts:
 alia:

That "after a most careful consideration of all the evidence which bears upon this marriage, the age of the child, the opportunities which she had of knowing Mansoor, and the date of the marriage in relation to the date of the Court of Appeal decision, I am compelled to the conclusion that this purported marriage was a manoeuvre designed to prejudice these proceedings, which is discreditable to all concerned. In saying that, I wish to make it clear that I am satisfied that the child was neither forced nor tricked into it." That "following the rule in Sottomayor v. De Barros (No. 2), the validity of a marriage celebrated in Singapore between persons of whom the one has a Singapore, and the other a foreign, domicile is not affected by any incapacity which, though existing under the law of such foreign domicile, does not exist under the law of Singapore." That nevertheless "<mask>'s incapacity [to contract marriage] under the law of her (father's domicile), admittedly Holland, to contract the marriage, since she was under age, existed also under the law of Singapore." That "since her father had not waived or by his conduct abrogated his legal right to control the religion of his child and had not consented to her becoming a Muslim, whatever the child may say and whatever ceremonies and teaching she may have undergone, she is not in the eyes of this court a Muslim." That "therefore the purported marriage was void."Having over-ruled the purported marriage, Justice Brown went on to deal with what he described as the "most difficult" question of custody. He noted that his duty to the law required him "to have regard primarily to the welfare of the infant". He believed this


title: Maria Hertogh

texts:
 meant that he not only had to consider the current wishes of <mask>, but also her future well-being. He stated:

It is natural that she should now wish to remain in Malaya among people whom she knows. But who can say that she will have the same views some years hence after her outlooks has been enlarged, and her contacts extended, in the life of the family to which she belongs? He also noted that whatever the details of the contested initiation of the custody at the end of 1942 might be, Adrianus Hertogh had not been part of it and had not abrogated his parental rights. He therefore awarded the custody of <mask> to the Hertoghs and ordered that she should be handed over to her mother with immediate effect.Stay at the convent
When policewomen came to take <mask> away, she wept and clung to Aminah and Mansoor. Aminah fainted on the spot and a doctor standing by had to attend to her. Mansoor advised <mask> to concede for the time being and promised that he and others would carry on the legal fight. Thus <mask> allowed herself to be brought away into a car. Outside, the police, including a Gurkha Contingent, held back a crowd of several hundred. The car delivered <mask> to the Roman Catholic Convent of the Good Shepherd, run by the Sisters of the Good Shepherd, at Thomson Road. Mrs. Hertogh stayed at another address for a few days, from where she visited <mask> daily, before moving into the convent herself.According to an official of the Netherlands Consulate-General, such arrangement was because of "greater convenience" while the stay of execution pending appeal was in effect. But it proved to be the spark that lit the fuse of the subsequent riots. First and foremost, the press

masks: Maria Maria Maria Maria Maria Maria Maria


title: Maria Hertogh

texts: was not barred from entering the convent grounds. Nor were they restricted in any way in their approach to the incident, which had been nothing shy of sensational. On 5 December, the Singapore Tiger Standard published on its front page a photograph of <mask> standing holding hands with the Reverend Mother. There were several more pictures on page 2, under the headline: Bertha knelt before Virgin Mary Statue. The Malay press retorted.The Utusan Melayu published on 7 December three photographs of <mask> weeping and being comforted by a nun, as well as articles about <mask>'s "lonely and miserable" life in the convent. These pictures, whether presenting <mask> as happy or sad, mostly showed <mask> surrounded by symbols of Christian faith. The Muslims, who looked upon <mask> as one of their own, were deeply offended by such pictures, not to mention the sensational reports, some of which explicitly labelled the case as a religious issue between Islam and Christianity. On 9 December, an organisation calling itself the Nadra Action Committee was formally constituted under the leadership of Karim Ghani, a Muslim political activist from Rangoon. The Committee solicited support among local Muslims by distributing free copies of its newspaper, the Dawn (not the Dawn, an English paper published in Pakistan). Karim Ghani had also made an open speech at the Sultan Mosque on 8 December in which he mentioned jihad as a final resort. In the light of these potent signs of a great disturbance, the Criminal Investigation Department sent a memo to the Colonial Secretary suggesting moving <mask> back to York Hill to avoid further inciting Muslim anger.The Secretary did not agree on grounds that


title: Maria Hertogh

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 he had received no such representations from Muslim leaders, nor did he have the authority to remove <mask> without further court orders – It cannot be said definitively that moving <mask> out of the convent at such a late stage could have averted the riots. The riots and subsequent trials
The appeal hearing opened on 11 December. <mask> stayed at the convent and did not attend. Since early morning, crowds carrying banners and flags with star and crescent symbols began to gather around the Supreme Court. By noon, when the hearing eventually began, the restive crowd had grown to 2,000 to 3,000 in number. The court threw out the appeal within five minutes. The brevity of the hearing convinced the gathering that the colonial legal system was biased against Muslims.The riots erupted. The riots continued for three days and a curfew was imposed for two weeks. The mob (largely consisting of Muslims) moved out to attack any Europeans and even Eurasians in sight. They overturned cars and burnt them. The police force, its lower ranks largely consisted of Malays who sympathised with the rioters' cause, were ineffective in quelling the riots. By nightfall the riots had spread to even the more remote parts of the island. Help from the British military was enlisted only at around 6:45 PM.Major-General Dunlop promptly deployed two Internal Security Battalions while calling in further reinforcements from Malaya. Meanwhile, various Muslim leaders appealed over the radio for the riots to cease. Reinforcements arrived early on 12 December, but riotous incidents continued on that day. The troops and police only managed to regain control of the situation by noon on 13 December. In total, 18

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 imprisonment. Aftermath of the riots
A Commission of Inquiry was appointed by Governor Franklin Gimson. It was headed by Sir Lionel Leach, a member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The Commission placed large blame on the police command for not having anticipated the violence from many indicators between 2 and 11 December. Furthermore, when the riots first started, the police failed to act promptly to disperse the crowd. The Gurkha Contingent standing by was not put into action, while too much dependence was placed on Malay policemen, many of whom defected or at least hesitated to carry out their duties.The British House of Commons criticised the colonial government for its poor handling of the situation. The present-day Government of Singapore under then-Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew also attributes the tragedy to the insensitivity of the colonial government towards the racial and religious feelings of the locals. It cites the incident as a vital lesson learnt in the importance of racial and religious understanding and harmony, as well as a case for imposing a certain degree of government control on the media, especially when racial or religious issues are implicated. Leaving for the Netherlands
On the night the riots broke out, <mask> was moved out of the convent, where the rioters tried twice to march on and were only kept back by the police. Plans were made at York Hill to receive her but she was instead sent to Saint John's Island, an offshore island 4 miles south of the main island of Singapore. The next day, <mask> was taken by Adeline to the Netherlands by aeroplane. After landing in Schiphol Airport, they quickly proceeded to the Hertogh home on the

masks: Maria Maria


title: Maria Hertogh

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 outskirts of Bergen op Zoom.At first, <mask> could only talk to Adeline, the only one in the family who understood Malay. She demanded rice with every meal, resenting the western diet, and continued to say her Muslim prayers five times a day. In addition, a policeman in plain clothes was assigned to escort her whenever she left the house, for fear of possible kidnappers who might take her back to Singapore, following reported sighting of "oriental strangers" around town. The house was also placed under surveillance. Slowly, <mask> began to adjust to her new environment. A nun came to the house daily to teach her Dutch until she was proficient enough to attend a local convent school. She also began to attend Mass with her family.Back in Singapore, Aminah and Mansoor had apparently given up hope of retrieving <mask> after leave to appeal to the Privy Council was not granted. Earlier interest of the several Muslim groups involved had also gradually died down. Second and third marriages
On 20 April 1956, <mask> married Johan Gerardus "Joep" Wolkefeld, a 21-year-old Dutch Catholic. On 15 February 1957, she gave birth to a son, the first of ten children. However, <mask> did not seem to be contented. As she told De Telegraaf, she often had rows with Adeline, who lived nearby. She also said she still longed for her Malayan homeland.Johan and Mansoor began corresponding via letters. Both expressed a wish for <mask> to travel to Malaya to visit the aged Aminah, but such a trip was never made due primarily to financial difficulties. Aminah died in 1976 and Mansoor would die of a heart attack in 1988. On 16 August 1976, <mask> found herself on trial in a Dutch court charged with


title: Maria Hertogh

texts:
 plotting to murder her husband. She admitted in court that she had been thinking about leaving her husband but was afraid to start divorce proceedings in case she lost custody of her children. She came into contact with two regular customers at her husband's café bar. The trio bought a revolver and recruited a fourth accomplice to carry out the actual murder.However, the last member got cold feet and gossiped about the murder plan. The police quickly learnt of it and arrested all four conspirators. At her trial, <mask> was quoted as saying: "I was a slave in my own home. I lived in a prison. I was not allowed to do anything. Joep [Johan] kicked up a row even if I went to drink a coffee somewhere." In her defence, <mask>'s lawyers brought up her background, which the court acknowledged.With this in mind, and because the plot was never executed and there was no proof that she offered any inducement to the other three, the three-man bench acquitted <mask>. Meanwhile, <mask> had also filed for divorce on the grounds of the irreparable breakdown of her marriage. Several days before Christmas 1979, <mask> married, for the third time, one of her co-conspirators, Antonius Christianus "Tom" Ballermans. Their domestic life was happy at first; however, three years into the marriage, Ballermans' behaviour became troublesome and worrying. He'd started drinking in excess. Suspicious, <mask> followed him to a cafetaria, where she discovered he was having an affair. They would divorce in 1983.Fourth marriage and moving to the US
After her divorce from Ballermans, <mask> moved to Zuidsingel, a neighbourhood not far from Bergen op Zoom. There, she reconnected with an old friend who offered


title: Maria Hertogh

texts:
 her employment at her Indonesian food stall at a night market. In early 1984, she was admitted to hospital due to a stroke resulting from blocked arteries. After being kept for a week, she was discharged and returned to her job at the stall. It was at the same stall that <mask> met Benjamin Leopold Pichel, a naturalised Dutch citizen of Indonesian descent. Pichel was originally from Ambon, and a sailor by profession. That same year, they married, and on 15 September 1984, emigrated to the United States, intent on opening an Indonesian restaurant there.They elected to settle in Lake Tahoe, Nevada. Lacking employment authorisation from the Immigration and Naturalization Service, <mask> could only work ill-paid odd jobs such as babysitter or chambermaid. In March 1989, Malaysian journalist Fatini Yaacob, along with two of <mask>'s children, flew to Lake Tahoe to interview her for the Dewan Masyarakat. Yaacob informed her that the Terengganu State Government, under the leadership of Tan Sri Wan Mokhtar Ahmad, had offered her a parcel of land in Kemaman District if she wished to return home to Malaysia. <mask> declined, citing her trauma from the riots. On 29 January 1998, <mask> finally returned to Kemaman for Hari Raya, and reunited with Kamariah, as well as paying her respects at Che Aminah's grave. It was their first meeting in 48 years; unfortunately, it would be the only time they were able to see each other again before Kamariah died of leukaemia.Sometime between 2001 and 2003, <mask> left Pichel and returned to the Netherlands, settling in Huijbergen. The two were officially divorced in 2004. Death

On 8 July 2009, <mask> died at her house in Huijbergen, Netherlands from


title: Maria Hertogh

texts: leukaemia at the age of 72, the same cause of death as her sister Kamariah. She donated her body to scientific research. In 2014, Singaporean channel Channel NewsAsia, in cooperation with Monsoon Pictures, broadcast a five-part documentary about the tumultuous era of the 1950s and 1960s in Singapore called Days of Rage. In part, it featured the <mask>gh riots, including exclusive interviews with <mask> herself and Kamariah prior to their deaths. <mask>'s son and two daughters spoke about witnessing their mother's frosty relationship with Adeline, and her struggle to come to terms with her painful childhood.Her son testified that she was not happy and felt betrayed. The siblings also paid a visit to Kemaman and met several elderly kampung residents who remembered the young <mask>, then known to them as Nadra. In an interview sometime before her death, which was featured in Days of Rage, <mask> had once said she despised her natal mother for forcibly separating her from her adoptive mother. Rokayah Yusof (Kamariah's daughter and therefore <mask>'s adoptive niece) stated that during the 1998 visit, <mask> still spoke Malay fluently and that she'd missed all the traditional Malay snacks when she celebrated Hari Raya together with Kamariah, whom Che Aminah adopted in Tokyo, Japan where she lived with her lecturer husband before Aminah returned to Malaya. Rokayah, who was 68 years old when she spoke about the visit in 2015, added that <mask> had visited the grave of Che Aminah during her visit and even after the death of <mask>, <mask>'s children maintained contact with her and her own children. Additionally, <mask> had also been evidently unhappy in her life in the Netherlands,

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Maria Herto
Maria
Maria
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Maria
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title: Maria Hertogh

texts:
 "a far cry from the kampong life she had enjoyed". See also
1969 Race Riots of Singapore
1964 Race Riots
List of riots in Singapore

Notes

If and only if both conditions were met could the Muslim law practised in Singapore be applied to the case, which would render the marriage valid.Karim Ghani was arrested along with several members of the Nadra Action Committee and held at the detention camp on Saint John's Island for 15 months under Emergency Regulation 20 for his part in the riots before being released on grounds of poor health. Family tree of Johannes Gerardus Wolkenfelt, <mask> and their ten children. References

Further reading

Fatini Yaacob, magazine – Dewan Masyarakat published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Malaysia – Februari-Mei, 1989 (the long interview with <mask>berdina Hertogh @ Bertha @ Nadra was done in Lake Tahoe, Nevada United States of America, Mac 1989)

 broken URL
 Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, Colonialism, Violence and Muslims in Southeast Asia: The <mask>togh Controversy and Its Aftermath, London: Routledge, 2009. Fatini Yaacob, book – "Natrah: Cinta, Rusuhan dan Air Mata, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia", year 2010, /
 Fatini Yaacob, book – "In The Name of Love – Natrah", Institut Terjemahan Buku Negara (now ITBM),2011,
 YouTube Story of a Nation – <mask>gh
 YouTube Message from <mask>gh a.k.a. Nadra
 Torn Between Two Worlds at "Headlines, Lifelines" website of the National Educational Multimedia kit for schools (c) Singapore Press Holdings. First published in 150 years of the Straits Times (15 July 1845–1995). In Dutch language, an Algemeen Nederlands Persbureau photo archive Flash slideshow of select news photos of the events published in the

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texts:
 Netherlands
 <mask>, returned to Malaysia in 1999 aged 63, for a Dutch TV documentary De Affaire
 Singapore Media Development Authority and Christopher Chew's Monsoon Pictures Pte Ltd are developing an English language film "The Jungle Girl" aka "Nadra" (period drama) with screenwriter Sarah Lambert, Lantern Pictures, Australia.1950 riots
Riots and civil disorder in Singapore
History of Malaysia
Religiously motivated violence in Malaysia
History of Singapore
Ethnic riots
1950 in Singapore
Religious riots
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Islam
Dutch people of Javanese descent
Dutch people of Scottish descent
Dutch Roman Catholics
Indonesian Roman Catholics
Indo people
Javanese people
Indonesian people of Malay descent
Indonesian people of Scottish descent
Indonesian people of Dutch descent
Indonesian former Muslims
Anti-Catholic riots
December 1950


title: Hosea Easton

texts:
<mask> (1798–1837) was an American Congregationalist and Methodist minister, abolitionist activist, and author. He was one of the leaders of the convention movement in New England. Background
<mask> was one of four sons of <mask> of North Bridgewater, who originally was a blacksmith, from Middleborough, Massachusetts. The background of his father traces back to a group of slaves freed by <mask> and his brother <mask>, in Rhode Island during the seventeenth century. <mask> married Sarah Dunbar, thought to be of "mixed race". Therefore his ancestry was African, Native American (Narragansett and Wampanoag), and European. Racial classifications meant little for this family, and <mask> was later to write against their meaning anything intrinsic.<mask> became a successful businessman in ironwork and was well-connected in the Boston area. From about 1816 to 1830, he ran a vocational school for persons of color that was attached to his foundry. His son <mask> participated in it, with his brother James who became a homeopathic physician. Activism in Boston
<mask> <mask> married in 1827 and moved to Boston in 1828, where he was minister in a church on West Centre Street, Beacon Hill (from 1861 Anderson Street). He joined the Massachusetts General Colored Association that had been set up in 1826. It had the dual aims of agitation for the abolition of slavery, and the welfare of free blacks. He was one of the Boston Committee set up by the convention of June 1831 in Philadelphia.It also included Samuel Snowden and Thomas Paul, the only black ministers then in Boston, Robert Roberts (who had married <mask>'s sister Sarah as his second wife and so become brother-in-law), and James G. Barbadoes. Robert Roberts and <mask>'s brother

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Hosea Easton
James Easton
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Peter Easton
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James Easton
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title: Hosea Easton

texts:
 Joshua had joined with him in a previous venture, a vocational school in New Haven that would continue his father's ideas. That project had been made impossible by local racial hostility. They then united with him to oppose the American Colonization Society, who were acquiring land in what became Liberia. Some 1831 meetings in Boston on the colonization issue were reported in The Liberator, in March and May. Pastor in Hartford
<mask> moved to Hartford, Connecticut in 1833 with his wife Louisa and family. With local black leaders, he formed the Hartford Literary and Religious Institution and, in January 1834, was appointed its agent.He then toured New England as a fundraiser, but had to cut his plans back because of racial violence. <mask> was a preacher of the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AMEZ) which he joined in the 1830s, and an influence on the young Amos Beman who was in Hartford teaching. <mask> applied to the New York AMEZ conference in 1832; it was in 1834 that he was ordained as deacon and elder, by Christopher Rush. The dates and details of his associations with churches are not completely clear, however. According to one source, in 1833 there was a split of the congregation in Hartford, resulting in Congregational and Methodist churches, and the Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, now on Main Street, traces its history back to that year. The Metropolitan Church's official history describes an African Religious Society in Hartford in existence in 1827, owning a church on Talcott Street, and the split occurring about 1835. There resulted the Colored Congregational Church, and the Colored Methodist Episcopal Church where <mask> was the first pastor.David E. Swift writes that the

masks: Easton Easton Easton Easton


title: Hosea Easton

texts:
 Talcott Street premises being shared by the Congregational and Methodist groups, <mask> persuaded the Methodists to buy land of their own in Elm Street for a new church (which was at a later point identified as the AMEZ church). Hartford was singled out by Edward Strutt Abdy at this period for the virulence of racial hatred he saw. <mask>'s congregation were involved in the period 1834–36, culminating in the burning of the Methodist church in 1836. (The evidence points to this church though there is no conclusive local report that identifies the burned church explicitly.) Works
<mask> published A Treatise On the Intellectual Character, and Civil and Political Condition of the Colored People of the U. States; And the Prejudice Exercised Towards Them; With A Sermon on the Duty of the Church To Them (1837). In this work <mask> wrote against racial prejudice.He invoked the Declaration of Independence as free from racial discrimination; and he challenged the assumption that slaves could be regarded as machines and lacking in morality. Not well received in its time, it is now considered to be a leading work articulating the African-American abolitionist view, with the 1829 Appeal of David Walker. William Cooper Nell quoted <mask> at length in 1859 on the constitutional point, while speaking against the Dred Scott Decision. It has been argued that the book shows the influence of William Apess. <mask>'s outlook was rather pessimistic, informed by what he perceived as a hardening of racial divisions into a polarization in the North-East of his time and experience. He wrote of the racist taunts and caricatures common even in Boston. Further, he argued, the stereotypical denigration based on race was a matter of early

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title: Hosea Easton

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 indoctrination, had economic ends, and was supported by the way white clergy condoned slavery.<mask> argued for race as no more intrinsic than any other effect of variegation. He put his case in a way not calculated to offend on all sides, but still risking having that effect. He dealt with stereotypes, attempting to sift those that were artefacts of the institution of slavery from those that represented human variability and could be attributed to God. Along with James Forten and William Watkins, <mask> queried the "immediatist" assumptions common in white abolitionists. He stated that emancipated slaves would not be capable of self-improvement without help. His message was not what abolitionists, whether black and in many prominent cases escaped slaves, or white, much wanted to hear, and his reputation accordingly suffered. He is now seen as an early Afrocentrist writer, arguing for the cultural inheritance of Ancient Greece from Ancient Egypt.He used the scriptural ethnology of Hamitic and Japhetic lineages to argue for the cultural importance of Africa in the ancient Mediterranean world. Notes

1798 births
1837 deaths
African-American abolitionists
Abolitionists from Boston
Afrocentrists
American Congregationalists
American Methodists
Congregationalist abolitionists
Methodist

masks: Easton Easton


title: Rick Perlstein

texts:
Eric S<mask> (born September 3, 1969) is an American historian and journalist who has garnered recognition for his chronicles of the 1960s and 1970s, and the American conservative movement. The author of five bestselling books, <mask> received the 2001 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for his first book, Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus. Politico has dubbed him "a chronicler extraordinaire of modern conservatism." Early life and education
<mask> was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to a Reform Jewish family, the third child of Jerold and Sandra (née Friedman) <mask>. His father ran Bonded Messenger Service, a delivery company founded by his grandfather in 1955. <mask> grew up in the Bayside and Fox Point neighborhoods of suburban Milwaukee, taking cross country trips with his parents and siblings to national landmarks like Mount Rushmore and Yellowstone National Park. In high school, upon earning his driver's license, Perlstein would head to Renaissance Books in downtown Milwaukee, and spend hours in its basement among stacks of old magazines from the 1960s.He later recounted in an interview: "I ended up getting my own archive on the 1960s culture wars. That's where it started." He also wrote in Rolling Stone: "A sixties obsessive since childhood, I misspent my teenage years prowling a ramshackle five-story used-book warehouse that somehow managed . . . to stay one step ahead of Milwaukee, Wisconsin's building inspectors." Following graduation from Nicolet High School, <mask> attended the University of Chicago, earning a B.A. in History in 1992. While at the University of Chicago – years <mask> described as "delightfully noisy and dissident", and a stark contrast to the suburbia of his youth, which "felt like a jail" – he was able to engage with and catch neighborhood jam sessions.Career
After graduate study in American studies at the University of Michigan,

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Perlstein
Perlstein
Perlstein
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title: Rick Perlstein

texts:
 <mask> moved to New York in 1994, settling in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn. While in New York, <mask> interned at Lingua Franca, a magazine about academic and intellectual life, where he would become an associate editor. <mask> also began writing book reviews, for publications like The Nation and Slate. It was <mask>'s 1996 Lingua Franca essay "Who Owns the Sixties?" that won him public notice, by exposing the emerging chasm between older and younger historians. The essay also aroused the attention of a literary agent and soon after earned him a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Chronicle of modern American conservatism

, <mask> had published four notable books on the subject of modern American conservatism.Before the Storm (2001)
In 1997, <mask> began work on a history of the rise of Barry Goldwater, a transformative event for the conservative movement. <mask>'s book, Before the Storm: Barry Goldwater and the Unmaking of the American Consensus, was released in 2001 to widespread acclaim, including a laudatory New York Times review by William Kristol, editor of the conservative Weekly Standard. Kristol wrote of Before the Storm, "It's an amazing story, and <mask>, a man of the left, does it justice." <mask> won the 2001 Los Angeles Times Book Prize in History. Soon after, <mask> moved from New York to Chicago. From 2003 to 2005, <mask> was the Village Voice's national political correspondent, and contributed articles to publications that included the New York Times, The New Republic and The American Prospect. Beginning in spring 2007 through 2009 <mask> was a Senior Fellow at the Campaign for America's Future where he wrote for its blog The Big Con about the failures of conservative governance.A co-director at the Campaign for America's Future once noted, "<mask> was unique. … I don't know when he sleeps." Nixonland (2008)

In May 2008, <mask>'s Nixonland: The

masks: Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Perlstein Rick Perlstein


title: Rick Perlstein

texts:
 Rise of a President and the Fracturing of America was published to rave reviews. In his review, the conservative columnist George Will credited Perlstein having "a novelist's, or perhaps an anthropologist's, eye for illuminating details" and called Nixonland "compulsively readable." At the end of 2008, The New York Times included Nixonland among its notable books. In 2009, The A.V. Club included it among the best books of the decade.The Invisible Bridge (2014)
In August 2014, Simon & Schuster published The Invisible Bridge: the Fall of Nixon and the Rise of Reagan. In his New York Times review, Frank Rich wrote that the tome was "a Rosetta stone for reading America and its politics today." The Invisible Bridge received favorable reviews from The New Yorker, Slate, and The Washington Post among others. Reaganland (2020)
In August 2020, <mask> published a fourth work detailing the events of the years before Ronald Reagan's presidency and his presidential race against Jimmy Carter from 1976 to 1980. Reaganland is <mask>'s longest publication at almost 1,200 pages long. Reaganland received favorable reviews from The Guardian, the Los Angeles Times, and The New Republic. Reaganland was one of the New York Times 100 Notables Books of 2020.It was also subject to a scathing critique in Commentary Magazine by Steven F. Hayward, himself an author of a two-part volume on Reagan. Plagiarism allegations
Conservative author and public relations consultant Craig Shirley has alleged that The Invisible Bridge stole distinctive words and phrasing from his 2004 book, Reagan's Revolution. <mask>'s supporters regarded the criticism as a partisan attack. Responding to numerous complaints, Times public editor Margaret Sullivan dismissed the plagiarism allegations as a "smear" and criticized the reporting for "conferr[ing] a legitimacy on the accusation it would not otherwise have had." Responding to letters from

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title: Rick Perlstein

texts:
 Shirley and his attorneys, <mask>'s publisher, Simon & Schuster, stated that the claims of plagiarism "ignored the most basic principle of copyright law." Those same letters from Shirley's attorneys demanded that Simon & Schuster pay Shirley $25 million in damages, pull all copies of The Invisible Bridge and take out ads of apology in various publications. If these demands weren't met, the letters promised that a lawsuit would be filed on July 30, 2014, nearly a week before the book was to be released on August 5.On August 9, 2014, it was reported that there was no evidence a lawsuit had ever been filed. For his part, <mask> said, "Mr. Shirley has sued me for $25 million and tried to keep people from reading my book; I've told everyone to read his book." Publications

 Invisible Bridge: The Fall of Nixon and the Rise of Reagan. New York: Simon & Schuster (2014). .
 Reaganland: America's Right Turn, 1976-1980. New York: Simon & Schuster (2020). .

See also
 1964, a documentary about the political, social and cultural events that marked the United States in 1964. References

External links

 <mask>tein author page at Simon & Schuster
 <mask>tein index at Rolling Stone
 <mask> at Mother Jones
 <mask> at The Nation
 Video interview of <mask>, BigThink (video)

1969 births
20th-century American biographers
20th-century American historians
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American biographers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
American political writers
Historians from Illinois
Historians of the United States
Jewish American historians
Jewish American journalists
Living people
People from Bayside, Wisconsin
People from Fox Point, Wisconsin
People involved in plagiarism controversies
University of Chicago alumni
University of Michigan alumni
Writers from Chicago
Writers from Milwaukee
21st-century American

masks:
Perlstein
Perlstein
Rick Perls
Rick Perls
Rick Perlstein
Rick Perlstein
Rick Perlstein


title: Mohannad Abdul-Raheem

texts:
<mask>-Raheem Karrar (; born 22 September 1993), is an Iraqi footballer who plays for Naft Al-Wasat and the Iraq national team. An Olympian, <mask> is the 2012 Asian Young Footballer of the Year, and the 2012 AFC U-19 Championship's MVP. Club career

Early career
From a young age, the childhood Al-Zawraa supporter and son of a tribal Sheikh would spend his free time on the concrete pitches in his local neighbourhood kicking a ball with friends. It was his late uncle Razzaq who encouraged him to take up the game and coached him with his first shaabiya teams at Najoum Al-Mualameen and Iskan Al-Shaabi, the two main football teams in his local area between Iskan and Mualameen where both sides wanted the talented youngster in their team. Abdul-Raheem had trials with a local club Khutout under Ismail Saleem however he was overlooked and instead started in the Al-Karkh youth system and had a season at Al-Shabab in the second division after he returned from living in Syria to escape the instability of the Iraqi capital – after losing his uncle and brother Mohammed to the violence in Baghdad. His life changed when his late coach Nasrat Nassir at Baghdad's Al-Karkh SC switched him from playing as a wide forward to play upfront in the centre forward position while he was breaking into the Al-Karkh first team. Al Karkh
Abdul-Raheem began his youth career at his native Al Karkh FC in 2006 and graduated to the first team in 2009.On his debut in the Iraqi league one playoff, Mohannad scored a hat trick and helped Al-Karkh qualify to the Iraqi Premier League. In 2012 <mask> left Al-Karkh and joined Duhok SC. Duhok
Three years following his competitive debut, Abdul-Raheem moved to Duhok

masks:
Mohannad Abdul
Mohannad
Mohannad


title: Mohannad Abdul-Raheem

texts:
 where he spent two seasons from 2012 to 2014. There he showcased his abilities which led him to be an important part of Iraqi youth setups. JS Kabylie
Mohannad signed for JS Kabylie in Algeria. He scored his first goal in the 87th minute of the league match against MC El Eulma, and scored his second a minute later. He ended the season with 4 goals in 12 appearances in the league.The team finished the 13th position, surviving relegation by just one point. The team was knocked out in the quarter-final of the cup competition, with a 2–1 loss against ES Sétif. He suffered an Injury and failed to adjust to life in Algeria due to the death of teammate Albert Ebossé Bodjongo. In an interview with Soccer Iraq, the player stated that he decided to cut his time short with the Algerian club due to the incident. Al Zawraa
Abdul-Raheem returned to Iraq for the 2015/16 season with Al Zawraa, he was the standout player as he finished the season with 12 goals, being the joint top goal scorer, as well as winning the league with Al Zawraa. He also reached the final of the Iraqi cup with his team, losing to rivals Al Quwa Al Jawiya. Al Nasr
On 19 October 2016, Abdulraheem signed for Al-Nasr Dubai as the Asian player.He was there to replace the suspended Wanderley but upon his return from suspension Al Nasr deemed Mohannad surplus to requirements and replaced him with Lebanese Joan Oumari who took the Asian foreign slot. <mask> left the club after only playing 10 games, scoring 4 goals. Return to Al Zawraa
<mask> returned to Al Zawraa on 20 January 2017. He made his debut on 10 February Vs Al Quwa Al Jawiya, receiving a yellow card in the first half. He was fouled in the penalty box

masks: Mohannad Mohannad


title: Mohannad Abdul-Raheem

texts:
 later on in the match but his penalty was saved by Fahad Talib, Al Quwa Al Jawiya scored 30 seconds after his penalty miss and the match ended 1–1. He scored his first goal after his return on 2 March against Al Talaba in a 2–1 win. Al Dhafra
On 19 July 2017, <mask> signed for Al-Dhafra in the UAE Pro-League.He made his debut on 8 September, scoring against Al Jazira in the UAE League Cup. He returned again to Al Zawraa in January 2018.

International career
<mask> Abdul-Raheem was called into the Iraq U-19s team becoming the main striker in Hakeem Shaker’s ‘young’ team, scoring a goal in the AFC Youth Championship final and going onto be awarded the 2012 Asian Young Footballer of the Year award. There has been some controversy regarding the player's change of name from Mohanad Abdul-Rahman Kazar to Mohanad Abdul-Rahim Karrar in April 2011 just before he called into the Iraqi youth side, with claims that the player had altered his date of birth from 1989. He was called by Iraq coach Hakeem Shaker to represent Iraq national team first team in the 21st Arabian Gulf Cup replacing Iraq super star Younis Mahmoud, but stating that he would like to play alongside Younis Mahmoud. On 18 January 2013 he played alongside Younis Mahmoud in the Arabian Gulf Cup finale against UAE. <mask> assisted the equalizer to Younis Mahmoud. however, the match ended 1–2 in the extra time for UAE.He scored his first and second goal for Iraq in a friendly match against Malaysia on 1 February 2013. <mask> was called up to Iraq's Olympic squad for the 2016 Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Iraq finished third in their group behind hosts Brazil, and Denmark with 3 points from 3 draws and thus

masks: Mohannad Mohannad Mohannad Mohannad


title: Mohannad Abdul-Raheem

texts:
 were eliminated at the group stage. National team goals
Scores and results list Iraq's goal tally first. Style of play
Abdulraheem is a physically strong and aggressive lone striker with good skills, tactical intelligence, and confidence in going at opponents with numerical superiority. Name change

There has been some controversy regarding the player's change of name from Mohanad Abdul-Rahman Kazar to Mohanad Abdul-Rahim Karrar in April 2011 just before he called into the Iraqi youth side, with claims that the player had altered his date of birth from 1989. In 2011 his name changed from Muhanned Abdulrahman to <mask> Abdul-Raheem as noted by his page on Kooora's English website Goalzz.com.Honours

Club
Al-Zawraa
Iraqi Premier League: 2015–16, 2017–18
Iraq FA Cup: 2016–17, 2018–19

International
Youth team
2012 AFC U-19 Championship: Runners-up
2013 FIFA U-20 World Cup: Fourth place
2013 AFC U-22 Championship: Winner
National team
21st Arabian Gulf Cup: Runners-up

Individual
 2012 AFC U-19 Championship: MVP
 2012 Asian Young Footballer of the Year: Winner
 2015–16 Iraqi Premier League joint top-scorer (12 goals)

References

External links

AFC U-19 Championship 2012 semi-finals: Iraq vs. Australia highlights on Youtube.com (Mohannad scored the first and assisted the second goal)

1993 births
Living people
Iraqi footballers
Asian Young Footballer of the Year winners
JS Kabylie players
Al-Nasr SC (Dubai) players
Expatriate footballers in Algeria
Iraq international footballers
Iraqi expatriate footballers
Sportspeople from Baghdad
Association football forwards
Footballers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of Iraq
Al Dhafra FC players
UAE Pro League


title: James Joseph Brown

texts:
<mask> "J.J.<mask> (September 27, 1854 – September 5, 1922), was an American mining engineer, inventor, and self-made member of fashionable "society". His wife was  survivor <mask>. Early life
J.J. was born in Waymart, Pennsylvania. His father, <mask>, was an Irish immigrant. His mother, Cecilia Palmer, was a schoolteacher. J.J's family moved to Pittston, Pennsylvania shortly after his birth. J.J's mother home-schooled him and later sent him to St. John's Academy.He left home at the age of 23, lured by the riches in the West. His first stop was a farm in Nebraska. From Nebraska he moved to the placer mines in the Dakotas. He spent two years learning the mining trade before moving to Colorado where he tried his luck in Georgetown, Aspen, and Ashcroft. He spent another two years in the Aspen and Ashcroft area before moving to Alma, Fairplay, Red Cliff, and, finally, Leadville. He studied geology, ore deposits, and mining techniques to become a better miner. Marriage
J.J. married Margaret Tobin on September 1, 1886, in Leadville's Annunciation Church.Margaret was later known as The Unsinkable <mask> when a Broadway fictionalized movie about her life titled, The Unsinkable Molly Brown was released in 1964. <mask> was one of the survivors of the RMS Titanic sinking in 1912. At the time of their marriage, J.J. was 31 and Margaret was 19. They first settled in Leadville, Colorado in a small, two-room log cabin, then later moved to a two bedroom house at 320 East Ninth Street. Children
The Browns had two children:
 Their first child, Lawrence Palmer <mask> (August 30, 1887 – April 2, 1949), nicknamed Larry, was

masks:
James Joseph
" Brown
Margaret Brown
James Brown
Molly Brown
Margaret Brown
Brown


title: James Joseph Brown

texts:
 born in his maternal grandparents' four room cottage near the Mississippi River in Hannibal, Missouri. Larry married Eileen Elizabeth Horton (1890–1985) on January 1, 1911 in Kansas City, Missouri. They had two children, Lawrence Palmer "Pat" <mask>. (1911–1976) and Elizabeth "Betty" <mask> (1913–1974).The marriage failed and Larry married Hollywood actress Mildred Gregory (1895–1956) on November 17, 1926 in Beverly Hills, California. This marriage produced no other children. J.J. and Margaret's second child, Catherine Ellen <mask> (July 22, 1889 – September 18, 1970), nicknamed Helen, was born in her parents' three bedroom house at 322 West Seventh Street in Leadville, Colorado. She married <mask> Peter Adelheid Benziger (1877–1970) on April 7, 1913 in Chicago, Illinois, with whom she bore two sons, <mask> Benziger (1914–1995) and George Peter <mask> Benziger (1917–1985). Her grandchildren include Bradford Benziger (born December 13, 1944), Katherine Benziger (born July 12, 1947), Vincent Benziger (born August 3, 1950), Pamela Jane Benziger Feeley (born 1946), Alice Lynne Benziger Davy (born 1948), Helen Anne Benziger McKinney (born 1950) and Heidi Benziger Rautio (born 1952). Catherine Ellen <mask> (Helen) died, aged 81, at Jackson County Nursing Home Carbondale, Jackson County Illinois. Separation
In 1909, after 23 years of marriage, J.J. and Margaret signed a separation agreement and went their separate ways.The agreement gave Margaret a cash settlement and possession of the Victorian mansion on Pennsylvania Street in Denver's Wealthy Capital Hill neighborhood, and also the summer mansion Avoca Lodge

masks:
Brown Jr
Brown
Brown
George Joseph
James George
Joseph Adelrich
Brown


title: James Joseph Brown

texts:
 in Southwest Denver, near Bear Creak. She also received a $700 monthly allowance (equivalent to $19,066 today) to continue her travels and philanthropic activities. Although they never reconciled, they remained connected and cared for each other throughout their lives. At the time of J.J.'s death in 1922, Margaret told newspapers "I've never met a finer, bigger, more worthwhile man than J.J. <mask>." Career
Although J.J. was not born into wealth, he was ambitious, smart, and charismatic. He quickly rose through the mining ranks to shift-boss and timberman.He was foreman of the Louisville Mine by the time he and Margaret met. By 1887 he was superintendent of the Louisville Mine, and in 1888 he was superintendent of the Henriette & Maid Consolidated Mining Company, at the time one of the most productive mines in the area. The <mask> family came into great wealth when J.J's engineering efforts proved instrumental in the production of a substantial gold and copper seam at the Little Jonny mine of his employers, Ibex Mining Company. Little Jonny mine
J.J., who was the superintendent of all the Ibex properties, devised a method of using baled hay and timbers to stop cave-ins. His invention paid off. When the Little Jonny mine opened, vast quantities of high-grade copper and gold were found. The grade of gold was so pure and the vein so wide that it was heralded as the world's richest gold strike.By October 29, 1893, the Little Jonny was shipping 135 tons  of gold ore per day. J.J. was awarded 12,500 shares or 12.5% of stock and a seat on the board. The Ibex Company and its owners, including the Browns, became

masks: Brown Brown


title: James Joseph Brown

texts:
 extraordinarily wealthy. In 1894, the Browns moved to Denver, Colorado, buying a $30,000 Victorian mansion in Denver's wealthy Capitol Hill neighborhood. In 1897, they built a summer mansion Avoca Lodge in Southwest Denver, near Bear Creak. Death
On September 5, 1922, J.J. died after suffering a series of heart attacks at a hospital in Nassau, New York, with his daughter Catherine by his side. He died without a will, and it took 5 years of fighting between Margaret and her two children to settle the estate.Due to their lavish spending, J.J. left an estate valued at only $238,000 (worth $ today). Margaret was to receive $20,000 in cash and securities, and the interest on a $100,000 trust fund set up in her name. $118,000 was divided between her two children. Her son Lawrence received a $59,000 (worth $ today) trust fund, and her daughter Catherine received a $59,000 trust fund. Both J.J. and Margaret are buried in the Cemetery of the Holy Rood in Westbury, New York. References

1854 births
1922 deaths
People from Wayne County, Pennsylvania
American people of Irish descent
American mining engineers
American businesspeople
Burials at the Cemetery of the Holy Rood
<mask> <mask> family
People from Leadville,

masks:
James Joseph
Brown


title: Osamu Suzuki (businessman)

texts:
is a Japanese businessman and the current Chairman of Suzuki Motor Corporation. He has served as either president, chairman or CEO of the company since 1978. In February 2021, the company announced that Suzuki will retire in June 2021 and become an adviser. Personal life

<mask> was born in Gero, Gifu Prefecture, a city on the banks of River Hida, to Toshiki S. Matsuda and Shunzo on January 30, 1930. After graduating from the Chuo University in 1953, <mask> started his career as a loan officer in a local bank. His life took a turn when he married <mask>, the granddaughter of the patriarch of Suzuki Motor Corporation, <mask>. As Suzuki family did not have a male heir, Osamu was married into the family, and following the Japanese custom, Osamu took up the family name of <mask>, to become <mask>.He is the fourth adopted son to run the company. Shoko and <mask> <mask> have three children and the family lives in Hamamatsu city in the Prefecture of Shizuoka, in Japan. An avid golfer, <mask> said he golfed 47 times in 2020 when he was 90-years-old. Career
<mask> <mask> joined Suzuki Motor Corporation in 1958, worked through various positions including junior management posts and rose to the rank of the Director, in 1963. He became the Junior managing director in 1967 and was promoted to the post of the Senior managing director, in 1972. In 1978, <mask> became the President and the chief executive officer of the Corporation and, in 2000, he stepped down from the post of the CEO to take up the Chairmanship of the Suzuki Motor Corporation. With more than three decades as the head of Suzuki Motor Corporation, <mask> <mask> is reported to be one of the longest serving leaders in the global auto industry.Recently, concerns are afloat regarding the successor to <mask> <mask>, which started

masks:
Osamu Matsuda
Osamu
Shoko Suzuki
Michio Suzuki
Suzuki
Osamu Suzuki
Osamu
Suzuki
Suzuki
Osamu
Suzuki
Osamu
Osamu
Suzuki
Osamu
Suzuki


title: Osamu Suzuki (businessman)

texts:
 taking rounds since the death of Hirotaka Ono, <mask>'s son in law, who was being groomed for the take over. Hirotaka Ono died in 2007, at the age of 52, succumbing to pancreatic cancer. Career highlights

Osamu Suzuki is credited to have transformed Suzuki Corporation into one of the largest small car manufacturers in the world. Instead of taking the major automakers head-on, <mask> expanded the company by finding new markets for its small cars, a strategy, often termed as marketing by diplomacy. He traveled around the globe to find prospective markets for his low priced cars and used diplomacy to penetrate them by forging new alliances. The market run of Suzuki started in the late sixties when they started setting up satellite manufacturing units abroad. The first of such plants was in Thailand in 1967 which was followed by another one in Indonesia, in 1974.The next year saw Suzuki's entry into the Philippines. In 1980, Suzuki started a plant in Australia and another one in Pakistan, in 1982. He was also successful in forming an alliance with General Motors, which gained Suzuki Corporation, an entry into the European market. One of the most notable achievements of Osamu Suzuki is his entry into the Indian market in the early eighties. In 1982, Suzuki formed a partnership with the Government of India to launch Maruti Udyog Limited and transformed the market which, until then, was dominated by old fashioned automobiles which ran on outdated technology. In the next decade, the factory turned into the hub of Suzuki manufacturing for the Indian subcontinent and East European markets, producing around 200,000 units a year. Suzuki entered the New Zealand market in 1984 and five years later, in 1989, extended its reach to Canada while maintaining the service to the markets of Nepal and

masks: Osamu Osamu


title: Erich Kunzel

texts:
<mask>, Jr. (March 21, 1935 – September 1, 2009) was an  American orchestra conductor. Called the "Prince of Pops" by the Chicago Tribune, he  performed with a number of leading pops and symphony orchestras, especially the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra (CPO), which he led for 32 years. Early life and career
<mask> was born to German-American immigrant parents in New York City. At Greenwich High School in Connecticut, he arranged music and played the piano, string bass and timpani. Initially a chemistry major, <mask> graduated from Dartmouth College with a degree in music, where he was a member of Phi Delta Theta, then studied at Harvard and Brown universities. He conducted the Brown University Glee Club for at least two years. Early in his career, he conducted for the Santa Fe Opera and studied at the Pierre Monteux School.He met his Austrian-born wife, Brunhilde, while conducting Gianni Schicchi for Santa Fe in 1964, and they married a year later. From 1960 to 1965, he conducted the Rhode Island Philharmonic. From 1965 to 1977, Kunzel served as resident conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra (CSO). In 1969, he was initiated as an honorary member of the Eta-Omicron chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity at the College-Conservatory of Music at the University of Cincinnati. He was also a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity. The Pops
In 1965, Kunzel began the country's first winter pops series,

masks:
Erich Kunzel
Kunzel
Kunzel


title: Erich Kunzel

texts: the "8 O'Clock Pops". When the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra board of trustees created the Cincinnati Pops Orchestra in 1977, Kunzel was named conductor.The Pops became the larger of Cincinnati's two orchestras, as all of Max Rudolf's symphony orchestra also played for the Pops year-round. At the invitation of Arthur Fiedler in 1970, Kunzel guest-conducted over 100 concerts with the Boston Pops Orchestra. He remained active with symphony, leading the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra (as Principal Pops Conductor) from 1982 to 2002. From the beginning, <mask> strove to expand the Cincinnati Pops' reach worldwide, with nearly 90 recordings on the Telarc label, most of which became bestsellers. His popular recordings of classical music, Broadway musicals, and movie scores topped worldwide crossover charts more than any other conductor or orchestra in the world. Some of <mask>'s mentees at the Cincinnati Pops would later become notable in their own right, including Keith Lockhart of the Boston Pops and Steven Reineke of The New York Pops. The Cincinnati Pops were especially popular in Asia.The group toured Japan several times, starting in 1990. In 1998, <mask> became the first American pops conductor to perform in China. Ten years later, he and the Cincinnati Pops were invited back to perform at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing; they were the only American orchestra to play at the event. <mask> made most of his classical music recordings as director of

masks: Kunzel Kunzel Kunzel Kunzel


title: Erich Kunzel

texts: the Cincinnati Pops. However, he also made jazz recordings with Dave Brubeck, Duke Ellington, and other well-known artists. From the Capitol Building lawn, Kunzel conducted the National Symphony Orchestra every Memorial Day and Fourth of July from 1991 to 2009, in concerts televised nationwide on PBS. In 1987, his Aaron Copland: Lincoln Portrait (CD-80117) album with narration by Katharine Hepburn including Old American Songs sung by Sherrill Milnes received a Grammy nomination.Other Grammy nominations came in 1989 (A Disney Spectacular), 1991 (Meredith Willson's The Music Man), and 1993 (Amen!--A Gospel Celebration). The album American Jubilee won the Grand Prix du Disque in 1989. His albums frequently feature digital sound effects created by Michael Bishop. The conductor had a large influence on Cincinnati's local music scene. In addition to conducting almost weekly subscription concerts with the Cincinnati Pops, he expanded the Pops program in 1984 to include a summer concert series at the newly built Riverbend Music Center on the banks of the Ohio River. He pushed for a new campus to house the city's public School for Creative and Performing Arts. He invited many local performers, including children's choruses and College-Conservatory students, to share the stage with the Pops.The recording engineer for <mask>'s recording of  music by Copland earned a Grammy Award for Best Engineered Album, Classical in 1998, for Copland: The Music of America,


title: Erich Kunzel

texts:
 Kunzel earned the 2006 National Medal of Arts. In 2009, he was inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame, based in Cincinnati. On June 20–21, 2008, Kunzel conducted The Toronto Symphony Orchestra's performance of Star Trek: The Music at Roy Thomson Hall in Toronto. Last days
In April 2009, <mask> was diagnosed with pancreatic, liver and colon cancer and received chemotherapy treatments in Cincinnati. He conducted a final concert at Riverbend on August 1, 2009, and died a month later in Bar Harbor, Maine, near his home at Swan's Island. That day, the CSO board of trustees posthumously named him "Founder and Conductor Emeritus" of the Pops. Christopher Fazzi; Gioacchino Rossini arr.<mask>; Jeremiah Clarke; Johann Sebastian Bach arr. <mask>; Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov arr. <mask>; Georges Bizet arr. Frank Proto; Giacomo Puccini arr. Christopher Fazzi; Robert Schumann arr. Kunzel; Del Staigers orch. Christopher Fazzi; Leroy Anderson; Johann Sebastian Bach arr.: A Gospel Celebration, featuring Jennifer Holliday, Maureen McGovern, Lou Rawls, Azusa Pacific University Choir conducted by William Henry Caldwell, Cincinnati Pops Chorale (Janet Burnett, Peggy J. Gibbs, Terri McCoy, M. Jo Patrick, Priscilla C. Devaney, Sally V. Harper, Brenda J. Hartman, Keren Husman, Cynthia A. Mills, Rick Davis, H. Scott Nesbitt, Dave Weidle, Charles K. Wells, Timothy R. Breithaupt, Brian D. Griffin, Jim Racster) (William Spivery; Steven V. Taylor, Don Hart; Gary

masks:
Kunzel
Erich Kunzel
Erich Kunzel
Erich Kunzel


title: Jovenel Moïse

texts:
<mask> (; ; 26 June 1968 – 7 July 2021) was a Haitian entrepreneur and politician, who served as the president of Haiti from 2017 until his assassination in 2021. He was sworn in as president in February 2017 after winning the November 2016 election. In 2019, political unrest and calls for his resignation became a crisis. In the early morning of 7 July 2021, <mask> was assassinated, and his wife Martine was injured during an attack on their private residence in Pétion-Ville. Claude Joseph, the acting president of Haiti, took control of the country following his assassination. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Trou du Nord, Nord-Est, Haiti, on 26 June 1968. In July 1974, his family moved to Port-au-Prince, where he continued his primary studies at École Nationale Don Durélin.He followed up with his secondary studies first at Lycée Toussaint Louverture, and then at Centre Culturel du Collège Canado-Haïtien. In 1996, he married his classmate Martine Marie Étienne Joseph. That same year, they left the capital and established themselves in Port-de-Paix to develop rural areas. Business career
With little investment capital, <mask> launched his first business in Port-de-Paix, Jomar Auto Parts, which is still in operation today. That same year, he began development of an agricultural project of organic banana production from a plantation extending to over 10 hectares (25 acres) of land in the Nord-Ouest department. In 2001, <mask> partnered with Culligan Water to start a drinking water plant for distribution to the Nord-Ouest and Nord-Est departments. In 2012, he founded Agritrans SA, introduced the agricultural project Nourribio to Trou du Nord, and helped create Haiti's first agricultural free trade zone, a 1,000-hectare (2,500-acre) banana plantation in Nord-Est.This project was supposed to export bananas to Germany for the first time since 1954; however, only two containers were ever sent. This nonetheless led him to being nicknamed Nèg Bannann (Banana Man). The

masks:
Jovenel Moïse
Moïse
Jovenel Moïse
Moïse
Moïse


title: Jovenel Moïse

texts:
 government granted tax-free access to the land, 15 years' exemption from income tax and from customs duties on the purchase of capital equipment, and a $6 million loan to a new company, Agritrans, owned by <mask>, the president of the local chamber of commerce. Anonymous investors contributed at least another $10 million. Agritrans promised to create about 3,000 jobs; however, as of March 2015, it had employed only 600. Political career

In 2015, President Michel Martelly designated <mask> as the presidential candidate of the political party Martelly had founded, the center-right Haitian Tèt Kale Party (PHTK). In his campaign, Moïse promoted bio-ecological agriculture as an economic engine for Haiti, whose population was over 50% rural.He also expressed support for policies pursued by Martelly: universal education and health care, energy reform, rule of law, the creation of sustainable jobs, environmental protection, and the development of Haiti as a destination for ecotourism and agritourism. <mask> received 32.8% of votes in the first round of the elections held on 15 October 2015, with 54 candidates competing, qualifying for a runoff with the second-place finisher, Jude Célestin. However, an exit poll conducted by the Haiti Sentinel reflected <mask> receiving only 6% of the vote, and Célestin and many observers called the results fraudulent. Thousands of people took to the streets in violent protests, forcing the postponement of the runoff election. In their wake, the ballot was ultimately annulled in June 2016. In February 2016, after incumbent President Michel Martelly stepped down at the end of his term, special elections were held by parliament, and Jocelerme Privert was then installed as interim President until new elections could be held. On 20 November 2016, a new election was held; a week later, election officials declared, based on preliminary results, that <mask> had won the election with 55.67 percent of the vote and with an estimated voter turnout of 21%,

masks: Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse


title: Jovenel Moïse

texts:
 beating out 26 other candidates — four of whom claimed victory, before the official results were announced.<mask> thus secured the presidency without having to compete in a second-round election. In second, third, and fourth place were mechanical engineer Jude Celestin of LAPEH with 19.52 percent, leftist senator Jean-<mask> of the Platfòm Pitit Dessalines (PPD) with 11.04 percent, and Maryse Narcisse of Fanmi Lavalas (FL) with 8.99 percent. <mask> <mask> was sworn in on 7 February 2017 for a five-year term. <mask> faced challenges to his mandate, from opposition leaders who believed that <mask>'s five-year mandate should end from the date of the inconclusive 2015 elections — that is, on 7 February 2021, five years to the day since his predecessor in office stepped down, though <mask>, counting from the date of his swearing in, had claimed that his term would not end till 2022. In November 2019, <mask> met at the Haiti National Palace with U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, Kelly Craft, about ways to implement a consensual resolution of Haiti's political crisis through inclusive dialogue. Craft later met with several political leaders from other parties, listened to their different views, and urged an inclusive solution with Moïse.She also urged the Haitian government to fight corruption, investigate and prosecute human rights abusers, and combat narcotics and human trafficking. Presidency

Agricultural
President <mask> built the second-largest hydropower plant and agricultural water reservoir in Haiti after Peligue. He built the "Barrage Marion" in Marion, Haiti, which has the ability to produce electricity and water the farmers land in the North of Haiti. He rebuilt another water reservoir "barrage la Tannerie" to make more water available for farmers to increase agricultural production in that area. He built several water pumping stations using solar power for the same purpose. President Moise was in the process of building a deviation of water from the Massacre

masks:
Moïse
Charles Moïse
Jovenel
Moïse
Moïse
Moïse
Moïse
Moïse
Moïse


title: Jovenel Moïse

texts:
 river when he was assassinated. President <mask> did a lot of work in the Artibonite department, where he leveraged the ministry of public work to curate the water channel system to make it easier for the farmers to grow rice.Infrastructure
President <mask> built numerous roads in towns like Jeremie, Port-de-Paix, roads that include Carrefour Joffre/Hans-a-Foleur, Carrefour Trois Rivierres  to name a few. He rebuilt an upgraded airport in Jeremie. He built power plants to provide electricity to many small towns that never had any since independence, including in towns like Jeremie and Port-de-Paix. President <mask> built several asphalt plants in several provinces in Haiti, including in Gros Mornes, Les Cayes, Trou-du-Nord. He repaved roads in Les Cayes and rebuilt the town after it had suffered significant damage from hurricane Mathews. Electoral history
Presidential elections were held in Haiti on 25 October 2015, alongside local elections and the second round of the legislative elections. 2015 presidential election

As no candidate received more than 50% of the vote, a second round was mandated by law.However, this was repeatedly postponed, and eventually cancelled, with an interim president appointed indirectly by the legislature in the February 2016 Haitian presidential election and fresh elections scheduled for 2016. November 2016 presidential election

With more than 50% of votes cast, <mask> was elected in the first round. Assassination

On 7 July 2021, <mask> was assassinated when gunmen attacked his residence in Pèlerin 5, a district of Pétion-Ville around 1 a.m. Martine <mask>, the first lady of Haiti, was airlifted to Jackson Memorial Hospital in Miami to be treated for wounds she sustained during the attack and continues to recuperate at an undisclosed location in Florida. A press release issued later that day from the office of acting Prime Minister Claude Joseph blamed the attack on "a group of unidentified individuals, some of whom spoke in Spanish."

masks: Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse


title: Jovenel Moïse

texts:
 In December 2021, The New York Times reported that <mask>’s assassination might be linked to <mask>’s efforts to curb narcotics trafficking and plans to publicly expose high-ranking Haitian officials involved in the Haitian drug trade. Ariel Henry, who had been selected as the Prime Minister by <mask> shortly before his death, was later accused by several officials of being connected to Jospeh Felix Badio, an alleged mastermind of the assassination, and being involved in the planning. One of the alleged masterminds Rodolphe Jaar also stated that Henry was close to Badio and had protected him after the assassination.Judge Garry Orélien, who was previously the top judicial official in Haiti overseeing the case, stated that Henry was friends with Badio and planned the assassination with him. Legacy
Public opinion and scholarly assessment of <mask>’s tenure have been mixed and divided. Widely perceived as uncompromising and headstrong, <mask> has been criticized for his vehement intolerance of dissent and political opposition, and for his attempts to consolidate and remain in power. He has also received praise for his robust efforts to rein in corruption and his courage in being willing to stand up against oligarchs and the Haitian elite. Honors
<mask> was awarded the Order of Brilliant Jade with Grand Cordon by the president of Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen, in May 2018. Tsai commended the economic initiatives undertaken by <mask>'s government. See also
 List of assassinated and executed heads of state and government
 Vilbrun Guillaume Sam, Haitian president assassinated in 1915

References

1968 births
2021 deaths
2010s in Haiti
21st-century Haitian politicians
Assassinated Haitian politicians
Assassinated heads of state
Candidates for President of Haiti
Deaths by firearm in Haiti
Haitian businesspeople
Haitian politicians
Haitian Tèt Kale Party politicians
Male murder victims
People from Nord-Est (department)
People murdered in Haiti
Presidents of Haiti
Quisqueya University

masks: Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse Moïse


title: Véronique Sanson

texts: <mask> (; born 24 April 1949) is a three-time Victoires de la Musique award-winning French singer-songwriter and record producer with an avid following in her native country. Ten years after Barbara, <mask> became one of the first French female singer-songwriters to break into stardom with her debut album Amoureuse in 1972. She also became one of the most successful and most prominent members of the Seventies "Nouvelle chanson française" ("New French chanson"), alongside Alain Souchon, Bernard Lavilliers, Jacques Higelin, Michel Polnareff, Catherine Lara, Yves Duteil, Maxime Le Forestier, Renaud, William Sheller, Michel Jonasz, Michel Berger, Hubert-Félix Thiéfaine, Louis Chédid, or Francis Cabrel. Unlike most previous French artists of the Sixties Yé-yé era, who mostly released EPs consisting of a collection of singles, B-sides and covers, <mask> and her counterparts of the "nouvelle chanson française" established the dominance of singer-songwriters on the Seventies French charts thanks to albums with full-length artistic statements. One of her songs, "Amoureuse", was covered in English in 1973 by singer Kiki Dee, and became a major hit in the United Kingdom, and has been covered since by various other singers, from Polly Brown (1973) to Olivia Newton-John (1974), Pete Townshend (1974), Linda Martin (1996) and Amanda Abbs with Illusive (1997). In 1974, Patti Dahlstrom recorded a second version with her own lyrics, entitled "Emotion" which was covered by Helen Reddy (1974) and Shirley Bassey (1975). Many other covers of "Amoureuse" have been recorded in French, German, Spanish, Dutch or

masks:
Vronique Marie Line Sanson
Vronique Sanson
Sanson


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 Japanese.<mask> plays piano and guitar. Childhood and family
Both her parents, René and Colette <mask>, were members of the Resistance during the German occupation of France. Before the war,  was a French diplomat in The Hague. When the Germans invaded the Netherlands, he sent a coded message to warn the French government that Germany was planning to attack France from across the Belgian border. This very message was decoded by Colette, a communication worker at the French Ministry of War. It was not until a few months later that they met in person, in a resistance cell. Both became prominent within the Resistance.In 1944, after the bombing of a German train, Colette was arrested and sentenced to death by the occupation force before she managed to escape. After the liberation of Paris, <mask> was appointed Minister of Labour in Charles de Gaulle's provisional government. The couple married in 1945. As a lawyer and an economist, <mask> remained involved in politics as Member of Parliament and Deputy of the 13th district of Paris until 1967. In 1970, he was in charge of the French delegation at the Osaka World Expo; Véronique first visited Japan on this occasion. Véronique grew up in a very privileged Parisian home. She attended the Cours Hattemer, a private school.Her parents considered music the finest art there was, and emphasized the musical apprenticeship of their daughters. Her mother introduced her to the guitar, while her father, who was a great fan of jazz, taught her the piano at the age of four. At the age of 13, she already composed her own songs, influenced by The Beatles, Ray

masks:
Sanson
Sanson
René Sanson
René Sanson


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 Charles and by Dionne Warwick's peculiar vibrato. In 1965, she was struck by amnesia after a severe bout of meningitis that left her with few and fragmented childhood memories. Discovery and early recordings: the late 1960s
In 1967, her career began in a trio, the Roche-Martin, with François Bernheim and her sister Violaine <mask>. The three teenagers only managed to sell a few hundred records, but this experience allowed her to meet with Michel Berger, with whom she began a romantic relationship as well as a prolific artistic career. He introduced her to his record company (Pathé Marconi), and encouraged her to pursue a solo career.<mask> later mentioned that period as her most productive. In an interview, she recalled that she forced herself to write a song per day to keep up with Berger, who commissioned her to write songs for Isabelle de Funès, niece of French actor, Louis de Funès. She wrote "Mon voisin", "Une odeur de neige" and "Jusqu'à la tombée du jour" that would later be featured in <mask>'s 1992 album Sans Regrets. In 1969, she released her first solo single, comprising "Le Feu Du Ciel" and "Le Printemps est là", which met with very little success. The Breakthrough: the early 1970s
After the commercial failure of her first single, her contract with Pathé Marconi was severed. In 1971, she wrote "La brume de Philadelphie" for Petula Clark, which was issued as the B-side of Clark's French single "La Chanson de Marie Madeleine". She and Berger had formed an inseparable team, and were offered a joint recording contract by Bernard de Bosson, CEO of WEA at the time.In 1972, <mask>

masks: Sanson Sanson Sanson Sanson


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 released the album Amoureuse, produced by Berger, which received a warm welcome from critics. With the singles "Besoin de personne", "Amoureuse", and "Bahia", it reached the summit of the charts thanks to intensive radio play (2x Gold in 5 months). Françoise Hardy later declared that the release of Amoureuse marked the end of the Yé-yé era, as she confessed "When I first heard Amoureuse, I had the impression that every female singer, including myself, was left far behind". However, the success of the album had an ironic downside for <mask>, who was terrified of performing in front of an audience and therefore refused to schedule concerts. However, Berger and de Bosson believed she could overcome her debilitating fear, and forced her to perform a daily showcase at the Eiffel Tower's restaurant. She also appeared the same year as the opening act for some of the biggest stars of the time such as Claude Francois, Julien Clerc, and Michel Polnareff. Amoureuse was closely followed by De l'autre côté de mon rêve, which also became a commercial success thanks to the singles "Comme je l'imagine", and "Chanson sur ma drôle de vie".In the meantime, she had met Stephen Stills after a concert he performed with his new band Manassas in Paris. They fell in love, and <mask> left Berger to follow Stills to New York, just as De l'autre côté de mon rêve was released - she supposedly went out to buy cigarettes, but never came back. In 1973, <mask> went on tour as a main act for the first time in Canada. The American Period: 1973–1981
<mask> and Stills married in 1973, in Guildford, England, with guests including


title: Véronique Sanson

texts: Ringo Starr and Roger Daltrey. She moved permanently to the United States, but returned to France regularly to give concerts and promote her music. In 1974, she gave birth to her only child, Christopher, in Boulder, Colorado. Her marriage also marked a new direction to her career, which has led the French media to constantly associate her music with Anglophone influences (in her career she has recorded most of her albums in the US, and mostly with American musicians).She enrolled Manassas and decided to produce her next album herself. In contrast with her Beatles-inspired previous albums, the record emerged as a mixture of pop and 1970's rock'n'roll. Critically acclaimed at the time and still viewed today as a milestone of <mask>'s career, Le Maudit was released in 1974, and reflects a large spectrum of musical influences such as bossa nova in "Alia Souza", or pure rock'n'roll in "On m'attend là bas". After several tours in Quebec in 1973, she went touring in France, with two concerts at the Olympia in October 1974, with Stills on bass guitar, then a long tour in 1975, with two weeks at the Olympia. In 1976, she began a long-lasting professional collaboration with producer Bernard Saint-Paul - making 12 albums - and released the album Vancouver, recorded in London with British musicians. The record became her first platinum album, propelled by the single "Vancouver", one of her biggest hits. By 1976, <mask> had become an established star.Her music, very much inspired by the best American producers, was a rarity in the Seventies French musical landscape. She gave two weeks of concerts at the

masks: Sanson Sanson


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 Olympia, where her first live album was recorded. The following year she released Hollywood, her fifth studio album. Recorded in Stevie Wonder's studios in Los Angeles, Hollywood found <mask> combining a disco-inspired sound to pop-driven melodies, which led the album to be referred to as the most representative piece of <mask>'s American period. The same year she went on tour across France with Michel Jonasz as her opening act. Although she lived in the United States most of the time, she managed to remain present in the French musical landscape, travelling back and forth between her home in Colorado and her audience in France. In 1978, she became the first French female artist to perform at le Palais des sports in Paris, which was the biggest arena in Paris at that time.In 1979, she released 7ème, best known for the single "Ma révérence", one of her most popular songs. Overall, the album is quite melancholic, which contrasts with the lightness of Hollywood two years earlier. In fact, <mask> was going through a hard time in her life. She had decided to leave Stills and was engaged in a tough legal battle in American courts for the custody of her son. Period of Transition: The 1980s
The transition toward the 1980s was difficult and challenging. Still tied to America by her son, of whom she did not gain full custody until 1983, she continued to split her time between the US and France. Fans and critics were enthusiastic when her new album came out in 1981 (Laisse-la vivre).Though the record contained no memorable hit singles, it emerged as a solid ensemble of well-crafted songs. The album went

masks: Sanson Sanson Sanson


title: Véronique Sanson

texts: double gold and she spent the following year on the road, managing to draw large audiences during a tour that ended with three weeks in a row at the le Palais des sports of Paris. In 1983, she permanently settled in France with her son, Christopher, and her boyfriend, actor Etienne Chicot. After a long break, she released an eponymous album in 1985, recorded entirely in France. This untitled album was nicknamed The white album by the press, while <mask> refers to it as The lil' trees (Les p'tits arbres). This synth-driven album included C'est long c'est court which became a radio hit in France during the summer of 1985, as well as the ballad "Le temps est assassin". She then embarked in a long tour during 1985–86 which met with tremendous success highlighted by a month-long residence at the Olympia in November 1985.In 1988, she released the album Moi le venin, which included the highly controversial single "Allah" (produced by Michel Berger). A couple of months after the release of the video directed by Dominic Sena (director of Gone in 60 Seconds, Kalifornia, Swordfish...), the song was censored in the media, and <mask> was forced to drop it from her tour's set-list after receiving threats of violence from radical Muslims. As a result of several death threats, she was put under police protection. The controversy arose because of the Muslim tradition forbidding reference to Allah in a song, and occurred just a few weeks after a fatwā was issued against Salman Rushdie. In response to the uproar, <mask> apologized and pleaded that the song was really meant to be a message of peace and tolerance.


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 French show-business massively stood up for her, and more than a hundred artists signed a pamphlet against "the diktat of all forms of radicalism"

In November 1989, <mask> took part in the first charity tour entitled Les Enfoirés for Les Restos du coeur, alongside French rock stars Johnny Hallyday, Eddy Mitchell and Jean-Jacques Goldman. In 1989, she realized a lifelong dream to play with a symphonic orchestra.After rehearsals in Czechoslovakia with the Czech symphonic orchestra "Fisyo", a series of six concerts took place in December 1989 at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris. A resulting live album was released the subsequent year. In 1990, she also toured with the symphonic orchestra for a dozen concerts across France. The 1990s
In 1991, Véronique <mask> received the Grand Prix of "la SACEM" (the French Singer Songwriter guild) to celebrate her entire recording career. The same year, she released a duet with singer-songwriter Catherine Lara, entitled "Entre elle et moi". For the first time in more than a decade, <mask> recorded her tenth studio album in the US with American musicians. Sans regrets, issued in 1992, was a tremendous success propelled by the famous single "Rien que de l'eau".This song was the result of an unprecedented collaboration with another songwriter, Bernard Swell, a long-time friend. The album went platinum and its first single still remains one of her biggest hits, with over 500,000 copies sold in six months. In 1993, she won a Victoires de la musique for best female singer of the year. In March, she performed at the Zenith Paris. During these shows, she paid tribute


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 to Berger who had died in 1992, by performing "Seras-tu là", one of his songs. The live album recorded at the Zenith went platinum. Between 1993 and 1996, <mask> went on tour in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Canada.During the summer of 1994, at the Francofolies Festival of La Rochelle, several artists gathered to pay a musical tribute to her career. For more than two hours, Michel Fugain, Alain Chamfort, Yves Duteil, William Sheller, Marc Lavoine, les Innocents, Paul Personne, Maxime le Forestier and I Muvrini, performed some of her biggest hits in duet with <mask>. This special tribute was made into a live album released the following year: Comme ils l'imaginent went 2x Platinum, and became one of the best-selling albums of 1995 in France. In 1995, she married stand-up comedian Pierre Palmade in Triel-sur-Seine. She also recorded a duet with her son, Chris Stills, titled "Run". The song was released on a benefit album for children living with AIDS (Sol En Si). In 1996, she won her second Victoire de la musique for Best Female Artist of The Year.<mask> started the production of a new album in 1997. The album was recorded in the United States, and Bernard Swell wrote and produced four of the album's songs. A sold-out tour followed the release of Indestructible, which went 2x gold. She performed in the Palais des sports of Paris in January 1998, then toured through France, and in the summer of 1999, <mask> performed at various festivals, including at France's largest rock Festival Les Vieilles Charrues. Long Distance: the 2000s
<mask>'s cover album of Michel Berger songs – mostly from his

masks: Sanson Sanson Sanson Sanson Sanson


title: Véronique Sanson

texts: early years – was released in 2000 (D'un papillon à une étoile) and went platinum in just a few weeks. It was followed by an extensive tour, produced by Paul Buckmaster (Elton John's arranger), and eventually by a live album (Avec vous). <mask> surrounded herself with her usual musicians, mostly Americans, as well as a classical ensemble from Prague.Her stage outfits for this tour were entirely created by Yves Saint Laurent. In June 2000, she was invited to perform for President Jacques Chirac at the Elysée Palace for the Fête de la Musique. In 2002, after a prolonged absence due to health problems, <mask> canceled a solo tour on which she would have accompanied herself only on piano. However, in September 2004, a few months after the press had announced her divorce from Pierre Palmade, she released a comeback album titled Longue Distance, produced by Bernard Saint-Paul. Longue Distance peaked at number 1 on the French charts. Her 2005 tour across France ended with nine concerts at the Olympia, during which she recorded her eighth live album. In 2005, she released her autobiography, La Douceur du Danger (written with Didier Varrod), in which she discussed the most striking events of her life, particularly her alcoholism and her love life.The "best-of", entitled Petits moments choisis, was released in November 2007, just as the singer started an unusually long tour which lasted until the summer of 2009. In December 2008, the limited edition 22CD/4DVD collection titled Et voilà !, including all her albums and videos as well as many previously unreleased tracks, sold out in less than a month. In


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 October 2008, she joined ex-husband Stills and her son, Chris Stills, on the stage of the Olympia, to perform a family version of Stills's "Love the One You're With". In November 2008, rapper Jay-Z released a song called "History", to honor the election of US President Barack Obama. The song is based on samples and melodies from Véronique <mask>'s 1972 recording of "Une nuit sur son épaule" (the original solo version, not the 1995 duet with Marc Lavoine). Jay-Z's song features <mask> on background vocals. In December 2008, she declared on Canal Plus's "Le Grand Journal" that she appreciated it, but would have preferred to be asked beforehand.French-Canadian pop star Ima released a salsa-inspired reworking of "Chanson sur ma drôle de vie", followed in February 2009 by an associated video. Additionally, singer Lara Fabian released a cover version of "Amoureuse" in June on her studio album Toutes les femmes en moi. The 2010s
In March 2010, the two lead actresses of the film Tout ce qui brille released a cover of "Chanson sur ma drôle de vie" on the movie soundtrack. The song became a number one hit in France, while the original recording by <mask> peaked at number 2 on the French iTunes. The album, titled Plusieurs lunes (Many Moons) was released on 25 October 2010, and debuted at number 3 on the French charts. Plusieurs Lunes caught the attention of the press who widely celebrated and highlighted the return of <mask> after a couple of fairly disappointing albums (namely Indestructible and Longue Distance). A song from this new piece, "La nuit se fait attendre", was made available on her


title: Véronique Sanson

texts: official website in June 2010, while the second single, "Qu'on me pardonne" (written by her sister, Violaine) was released in early October.After a week-long residence at the Paris Olympia in March 2011, <mask> toured across France, Belgium, Switzerland, Tunisia, Israel before finishing touring at the end of 2012 with more shows in Paris, at the Grand Rex and Salle Pleyel. In commemoration of the forty years anniversary of the release of Amoureuse (released on 20 March 1972), singer songwriter Jeanne Cherhal played a tribute concert on 21 March 2012 at the studio 104 in Paris at which all 12 tracks of the album were covered by the singer. The concert was broadcast on the radio France Inter on 6 April 2012. On 14 May 2012, Warner Music released a box set containing a remastered CD of Amoureuse (including 10 demo songs, and a duet with Fanny Ardant), a vinyl version, a live CD recorded in Brussels in 2011, and a photo book. In January 2015, she launched a new tour named "Les Années Américaines" (The American Years) at the Olympia, along with a book, composed of unreleased personal documents and pictures, and a 2CD Best of, also titled "Les Années Américaines". In March 2015, a Deluxe issue of the Best of with a previously unreleased recording of her 1975 concert at the Olympia was released. Initially planned to last until April 2015, the tour "Les Années Américaines" was prolonged to January 2016.After 43 years under contract with Warner, she joined Sony. At the 2016 Victoires de la Musique, she was nominated for "Best Female Artist of the year", but lost to Yael Naim. In November 2016, she


title: Véronique Sanson

texts:
 released her 15th album Dignes, dingues, donc..., which debuted at number 3 on the French album charts. "Et je l'appelle encore" was the first single released. At the 2017 Victoires de la Musique, she received two nominations: for "Best Female Artist of the year" (lost to Jain), and for "Best song of the year" with "Et je l'appelle encore" (lost to Vianney's "Je m'en vais"). Her 2017-2018 tour started on 30 June. Personal life
<mask> was romantically involved with French singer-songwriter Michel Berger from 1967 to 1972.Their love story has become a part of French music legend, especially through songs they wrote to each other long after they broke up. From 1973 to 1979 she was married to American rock musician Stephen Stills. Their son, Chris Stills, is also a musician. She was later married to French comic Pierre Palmade from 1995 to


title: Corine Schleif

texts:
<mask> is a professor and art historian who researches, teaches and writes about Medieval art, Renaissance art, feminist art theory, and the motivations behind the creating and destroying of art. She is faculty at Arizona State University's School of Art. Education and career
<mask> studied art history at Philipp University of Marburg and went on to Washington University in St. Louis to receive an M.A. in 1980. She then attended Free University of Berlin with a Fulbright scholarship which was renewed at Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. She received her Doctorate (Dr. phil.)in art history (medieval history and religious studies minors) from University of Bamberg in 1986. In addition to being a Professor at ASU's School of Art, she is an Affiliate Professor at the Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies (ACMRS). Schleif received the Berlin Prize from the American Academy as the John P. Birkelund Fellow in the Humanities for the Class of Spring 2016. Schleif's recent work has included opening the Geese Book: "A multisensory work of the past is explored through multimedia technologies of the present. A team of experts headed by Volker Schier and <mask> Schleif opens the Geese Book to scholars and provides a window for broader audiences." She and Schier also developed a Virtual reality (VR) experience called Extraordinary Sensescapes: The Sensual World of Late Medieval Nuns. Partial list of publications
For a more complete and detailed list, see her CV external link below.Volker Schier, <mask> <mask>, and Anne Simon (2019), Pepper for Prayer: The Correspondence

masks:
Corine Schleif
Corine Schleif
Corine
Corine
Schleif


title: Corine Schleif

texts:
 of the Birgittine Nun Katerina Lemmel, 1516–1525, Edition and Translation, Stockholm: Runica et Mediaevalia. <mask> <mask> (2018), Adam Kraft's Seven Falls of Christ: Walking the History of Emotions in Nuremberg. Video version (in two parts) of a presentation given in Melbourne in November 2016  and
 <mask> Schleif and Volker Schier, eds., Manuscripts Changing Hands. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2016. <mask> <mask> (2013), “The Art of Walking and Viewing: Christ, the Virgin, Saint Birgitta, and the Birgittines Processing through the Cloister,” in The Birgittine Experience: Papers from the Birgitta Conference in Stockholm 2011, ed. Claes Gejrot, Mia Akestam and Roger Anderson, Stockholm, 241-267. <mask> <mask> (2010), "Albrecht Dürer between Agnes Frey and Willibald Pirckheimer," The Essential Dürer, ed.Larry Silver and Jeffrey Chipps Smith, Philadelphia, 85–205
 <mask> <mask> and Volker Schier (2009), Katerina’s Windows: Donation and Devotion, Art and Music, as Heard and Seen Through the Writings of a Birgittine Nun, University Park: Penn State Press. . Contains an English translation of the letters and other sources integrated with extensive narrative commentary. Reviews by Hans van Miegroet in Choice (April 2010); Roger Rosewell in Vidimus 36 (January 2010); Jeffrey Chipps Smith in Renaissance Quarterly 63.2 (2010), 611-13; Stanley Weed in The Medieval Review 2010-10; Megan Cassidy-Welch in Burlington Magazine 152 (November 2010), 746; Judith Oliver in Speculum 86 (2011), 546-48; Pia F. Cuneo in Mediaevistik: Internationale Zeitschrift für interdisziplinäre Mittelalterforschung

masks: Corine Schleif Corine Corine Schleif Corine Schleif Corine Schleif


title: Corine Schleif

texts:
 24 (2011), 586-89. Volker Schier and <mask> Schleif. "The Holy Lance as Late Twentieth-century Subcultural Icon." Subcultural Icons, edited by Keyan Tomaselli and David Scott. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press, 2009, 103–134.<mask> <mask> and Volker Schier,  Katerina's Windows: Donation and Devotion, Art and Music, as Heard and Seen Through the Writings of a Birgittine Nun, University Park: Penn State Press, 2009, 237, 242-244,
 Volker Schier and <mask> Schleif. "Die heilige und die unheilige Lanze. Von Richard Wagner bis zum World Wide Web [The Holy and the Unholy Lance. From Richard Wagner to the World Wide Web]." Die Heilige Lanze in Wien. Insignie - Reliquie - Schicksalsspeer, edited by Franz Kirchweger. Vienna: Kunsthistorisches Museum, 2005, 111–144.<mask> <mask> (2005), “Forgotten Roles of Women as Donors: Sister Katerina Lemmel’s Negotiated Exchanges in the Care for the Here and the Hereafter,” in Care for the Here and the Hereafter: Memoria, Art, and Ritual in the Middle Ages, ed. Truus van Bueren, Turnhout: Brepols, 137–54. <mask> <mask> and Volker Schier (2005), “Views and Voices From Within: Sister Katerina Lemmel on the Glazing of the Cloister at Maria Mai,” in Glasmalerei im Kontext: Bildprogramme und Raumfunktionen: Akten des 22. Internationalen Colloquiums des Corpus Vitrearum Nürnberg, 29. August–1. September 2004, ed. Rüdiger Becksmann, Anzeiger des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, wissenschaftlicher Beiband 25, Nuremberg: Germanisches Nationalmuseum, 211–28.Volker Schier and <mask> <mask>. "Seeing and Singing, Touching and Tasting the Holy Lance. The Power and

masks: Corine Corine Schleif Corine Corine Schleif Corine Schleif Corine Schleif


title: Corine Schleif

texts:
 Politics of Embodied Religious Experiences in Nuremberg, 1424–1524." Signs of Change. Transformations of Christian Traditions and their Representation in the Arts, 1000–2000, edited by Nils Holger Petersen, Claus Cluver, and Nicolas Bell. Amsterdam – New York: Rodopi, 2004, 401–426. <mask> <mask> (2003), “Katerina Lemmels Briefe als Spiegel Nürnberger Privatfrömmigkeit,” in Im Zeichen des Christkinds: Privates Bild und Frömmigkeit im Spätmittelalter: Ergebnisse der Ausstellung Spiegel der Seligkeit, ed.Frank Matthias Kammel, Nuremberg: Germanisches Nationalmuseum, 109–12. <mask> <mask> (1998), Chapter "The Role of Women in Challenging the Canon of 'Great Master' Art History" in Attending to Early Modern Women edited by Susan Dwyer Amussen and Adele F. Seeff
 <mask> Schleif, Donatio et memoria. Stifter, Stiftungen und Motivationen an Beispielen aus der Lorenzkirche in Nürnberg. München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 1990. See also

 Albrecht Dürer
 Holy Lance
 Katerina Lemmel
 Manuscript culture
 Pomander
 Willibald Pirckheimer
 Women in the art history field

References

External links
 <mask> Schleif at the School of Art at Arizona State University
 CURRICULUM VITÆ (CV): <mask> Schleif
 <mask> Schleif on academia.edu

Living people
German art curators
German art historians
Feminist historians
Women art historians
Arizona State University faculty
University of Marburg alumni
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
Free University of Berlin alumni
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich alumni
University of Bamberg alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
American art

masks: Corine Schleif Corine Schleif Corine Corine Corine Corine