title: Tony Halme

texts:
 Halme had knocked out Norton in a legitimate street fight, though some claimed this was the result of a sucker punch by Halme. Fearing that Norton would be looking for retribution on Halme, NJPW officials took a secret vote on what to do with the two. Afterwards, <mask> started losing matches more regularly and eventually left the promotion in June 1993. His last match took place on June 17, when he and The Barbarian lost to John Tenta and Haku. World Wrestling Federation (1993–1994)
On Superstars aired on July 24, <mask> debuted in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) as Ludvig Borga, a heel Finn who appeared in a series of vignettes castigating Americans for their perceived deficiencies in issues such as environmental laws and their educational system. His singlet was adorned with the Finnish flag, and his entrance music was Maamme, the country's national anthem.After an initial streak of squash victories over enhancement talent, Borga defeated former Intercontinental Champion Marty Jannetty at SummerSlam. Borga was immediately pushed to main event status as he entered a feud with the federation's top babyface, "Made in the USA" Lex Luger. On the October 30, 1993 edition of Superstars (filmed September 28), Borga ended Tatanka's undefeated streak of nearly two years, dominating him throughout their match and ultimately knocking him out with a steel chair while the referee was distracted by Mr. Fuji at ringside. In a mockery of Luger's past "Narcissist" gimmick, Borga pinned Tatanka with one finger. At Survivor Series, Borga participated in the main event, teaming up with Yokozuna, Quebecer Jacques and Crush as the "Foreign Fanatics" against "All-Americans" Lex Luger, The Undertaker and The Steiner Brothers. Borga and Luger were the final two remaining participants and Borga was eliminated by Luger after a running forearm smash. On December 14, Borga pinned Intercontinental Champion Razor Ramon at a house show, but the win was overturned and the match resumed because Razor's foot was

masks: Halme Halme


title: Tony Halme

type: original

texts:
 on the bottom rope.Borga pinned Razor again after Shawn Michaels hit Razor with a title belt, but the decision was reversed and Borga disqualified. On January 17, 1994, <mask> injured his ankle in a match with Rick Steiner, forcing the WWF to cancel future plans for the Borga character that included a scheduled appearance at the 1994 Royal Rumble and a proposed WrestleMania match against Earthquake. <mask> left the company soon after. Catch Wrestling Association (1995–1997)
<mask> wrestled as Ludvig Borga for Catch Wrestling Association (CWA) in 1995. On December 20, Borga won the World Heavyweight Championship, his first and only singles championship, by defeating Rambo at the 1995 Euro Catch Festival. Borga held the title for over a year, including a major title defense against August Smisl at the Euro Catch Festival in July. He then lost the title back to Rambo at Euro Catch Festival on December 21.Mixed martial arts
After retiring from professional wrestling in 1997, <mask> went on to fight in the RINGS and Ultimate Fighting Championship, though without appreciable success, notably a 56-second submission loss to Randy Couture at UFC XIII. Political career
During his parliamentary career, <mask> raised controversies. The day after the elections, <mask> referred to President Tarja Halonen as a lesbian in a radio interview. <mask> stated that if a lesbian can be president of Finland and he can be a member of Parliament, anything seems possible. A huge uproar ensued as much of the Finnish media treated the statement as a personal attack on Halonen; Halonen herself made no comment. <mask> later apologized, stating that he was sorry that the statement had been interpreted as an insult and that he had been under the genuine impression that Halonen was a lesbian. Personal life

Halme was divorced from his wife Katja Talus.He had a Schutzstaffel tattoo on his calf. Borga was made to put tape over the tattoo when he wrestled in the WWF. On July 4, 2003, a handgun was fired inside <mask>'s

masks: Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme


title: Tony Halme

texts:
 apartment. No one was injured, but the gun was unlicensed. <mask> was subsequently hospitalized, as he had only days before been in a boxing match and was using prescription painkillers, but his blood had additionally contained trace amounts of amphetamines, while a police search of his House of Parliament office turned up illegal steroids. <mask> claimed that somebody had put the amphetamines into his drink without his knowledge. In January 2004, his trial was broadcast live on television by the MTV3 digital television channel.<mask> received a four-month suspended sentence and a fine, but continued to serve as Member of Parliament. In 2006, he was convicted for driving while impaired. In early March 2006, <mask> was involuntarily committed to a mental hospital, reportedly due to delirium caused by excessive alcohol use. Earlier in 2006 he had been diagnosed with alcohol-related cirrhosis and acute pancreatitis. After spending almost the entire year of 2006 on sick leave, he went on disability pension at end of the Parliamentary term. In December 2009, <mask> told a newspaper that he was suffering from impairment of his short-term memory and had trouble remembering anything, but was still trying to write a book on his political career. Death
On January 8, 2010, two days after his 47th birthday, <mask> died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound, from an unlicensed handgun.His body was found two days later. Filmography

Other media
<mask> authored five books and recorded one album called Mestarit salilla. <mask> had a modest film career starring in Finnish movies Ponterosa and Kohtalon kirja, and in 1995 had small roles overseas in Die Hard with a Vengeance and Fist of the North Star. <mask> was also cast in a minor role in the 1997 blockbuster film Titanic but had to withdraw due to a filming delay. In 1993, <mask>'s professional wrestling persona was part of the Japanese wrestling video game Shin Nippon Pro Wrestling: Chou Senshi in Tokyo Dome for Super Famicom (Super Nintendo

masks: Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme Halme


title: John Bannerman, Baron Bannerman of Kildonan

texts:
<mask>, <mask> of Kildonan OBE (1 September 1901 – 10 May 1969; Scottish Gaelic: Iain mac Iain Mac-a'-Bhrataich) was a Scottish farmer, rugby union internationalist and Liberal politician. Family and education
Born in Glasgow in 1901, Bannerman was the son of <mask>, a Post Office employee originally from the Hebridean island of South Uist but living in Glasgow at the time of his son's birth; he is remembered for writing the popular Scottish folk song "Mairi's Wedding". <mask> always treasured his Highland heritage and was a native Gaelic speaker. Bannerman was educated at Shawlands Academy and Glasgow High School. He graduated from the University of Glasgow with a Bachelor of Science and then went on to Balliol College, Oxford and later to Cornell University in the United States. In 1931 he married Ray Mundell and they had two sons and two daughters. One of their daughters was the Liberal Democrat MP, Ray Michie (later Baroness Michie of Gallanach).The historian <mask> was his son, and Donald Shade Munro, the rugby player and coach was his grandson. Rugby union

School and College Rugby

Bannerman started playing rugby union while at school, and between 1919–20, he was captain of Glasgow High School's 1st XV. Bannerman was an accomplished sportsman winning a "rugby blue" at Oxford

Provincial career

He played for Glasgow District in the 1922 inter-city match. International career

He won 37 caps for Scotland, playing in all that country's internationals between 1921 and 1929 and was Scotland's most capped player until 1962 when Hugh McLeod surpassed his total. He played in Scotland's first “grand slam” winning team in 1925, securing this achievement by beating England in the opening match of the new Murrayfield Stadium. In 1926 he played in the Scotland team that beat England at Twickenham and France in Paris, a feat that no Scottish team would repeat until 2021, 95 years later. He went on to become Glasgow HSFP's most capped player.Administrative career

In 1954–55, Bannerman served as President of the Scottish Rugby Union. Career
In 1930, Bannerman was appointed as a farm manager on land owned by the Duke of

masks:
John MacDonald Bannerman
Baron Bannerman
John Roderick Bannerman
John Bannerman
John Bannerman


texts:
 Montrose. In 1952 Bannerman left the Montrose estate to become a farmer in his own interests and also that year became an Officer of the Order of the British Empire for services to the Festival of Britain. Politics
Bannerman became active in Liberal politics from the 1930s. He was particularly interested in the problems of depopulation and unemployment for ordinary people in the Scottish Highlands and islands. From 1942 to 1957 he was a Forestry Commissioner. In 1938 he was adopted as prospective Liberal parliamentary candidate for Argyll.When the seat fell vacant in 1940 it was mooted that Bannerman might run as a Liberal National but the negotiations with the Conservatives broke down robbing him of his best chance of entering the House of Commons. He contested Argyll unsuccessfully in the 1945 general election and Inverness in 1950. But in 1954 he was the candidate in an extraordinary by-election at Inverness which some historians have seen as a true turning point in Liberal fortunes in Scotland and perhaps the United Kingdom. From a position where there had been no Liberal candidate in the 1951 election, Bannerman jumped into second place over Labour, coming just 1331 votes behind the Tory winner. This was the best Liberal by-election performance since the war. At the general election of 1955, Bannerman came even closer, losing by just 966 votes. Although his vote share declined in the 1959 general election, the ground had been laid for a successful attack on the seat in the 1964 general election by <mask>, who held the seat until he retired from the Commons in 1997.Bannerman was chairman of the Scottish Liberal Party from 1954 to 1964 and Rector of Aberdeen University in 1957. He made other attempts to enter the Commons, including giving Labour a close run at the Paisley by-election of 1961, registering 41.3% of the vote in a seat where there had been no Liberal candidate at the 1959 general election. He tried again without success at Paisley at the 1964 general election but in December 1967 he was made Baron <mask> of Kildonan, of Kildonan in the County of Sutherland, and so finally entered Parliament. Life

masks:
Russell Johnston
Bannerman


texts:
 peerage
Bannerman was one of three Liberals to be made life peers in 1967; the others were Tim Beaumont and <mask>. Their appointments were attacked by the Young Liberals as undemocratic. One particular critic was Tony Greaves, then editor of the Young Liberal publication Gunfire, who argued that as the Liberal Party was in favour of a new social and political order, it was quite wrong to participate in the most pathetic feature of the existing order, the House of Lords. (Greaves would become Baron Greaves of Pendle in 2000).In his maiden speech in the Lords, Bannerman took up the Scottish cause, referring to the anger of Hamilton where the Scottish National Party had just won a parliamentary by-election; and warning it was the anger of two centuries in which the Scots had been a "sleeping partner" in the United Kingdom political scene. Gaelic culture
In 1922 he won the prestigious gold medal for solo singing at the Royal National Mòd in Fort William. He was President of An Comunn Gàidhealach, the national Gaelic Society, a position previously held by his father,  from 1949 to 1954. Death
He died in Tidworth, Hampshire, on 10 May 1969 aged 67. References

Sources

 Bath, Richard (ed.) The Scotland Rugby Miscellany (Vision Sports Publishing Ltd, 2007 )
 Fowler, <mask> (ed.) Bannerman: the Memoirs of <mask> of Kildonan, (Impulse Books, Aberdeen, 1972 )
 McLaren, Bill Talking of Rugby (1991, Stanley Paul, London )
 Massie, Allan A Portrait of Scottish Rugby (Polygon, Edinburgh; )

1901 births
1969 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) life peers
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Scottish Liberal Party politicians
Scottish rugby union players
People educated at the High School of Glasgow
Cornell University alumni
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Rectors of the University of Aberdeen
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
Scotland international rugby union players
Oxford University RFC players
Politicians from Glasgow
Rugby union players from Glasgow
Scottish Liberal Party parliamentary candidates
Glasgow HSFP players
Glasgow University RFC players
Glasgow District (rugby union) players
Presidents of the Scottish Rugby

masks:
John Foot
John
Lord Bannerman


title: Aleksander Wolszczan

texts:
<mask>  (born 29 April 1946) is a Polish astronomer. He is the co-discoverer of the first confirmed extrasolar planets and pulsar planets. Early life and education

<mask> was born on 29 April 1946 in Szczecinek located in present-day West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland; in the 1950s his family moved to Szczecin. His father Jerzy Wolszczan taught economics at former Szczecin Polytechnic (currently West Pomeranian University of Technology) and his mother, Zofia, worked for the Polish Writers' Union. His early interest in astronomy was inspired by his father who told him stories and myths connected with stellar constellations. As a seven-year-old he already learned the basics of astronomy. He observed the night sky using a small telescope he constructed himself.He graduated from Stefan Czarniecki VI High School in Szczecin. Scientific career
<mask> sat for an M.Sc. in 1969 and a Ph.D. in 1975 at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. Between 1969 and 1973 he worked at the Department of Radioastronomy of the Institute of Astronomy. In 1973, as a senior assistant, he moved to Bonn for training at the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy. From 1979 to 1982 he worked at the Astronomical Center of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Toruń, and in 1982 he moved to the United States to work at Cornell University and Princeton. Later he became an astronomy professor at Pennsylvania State University.From 1994 to 2008, he was also professor at the Nicolaus Copernicus University. He is a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Working with Dale Frail, Wolszczan carried out

masks:
Aleksander Wolszczan
Wolszczan
Wolszczan


title: Aleksander Wolszczan

texts: astronomical observations from the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico that led them to the discovery of the pulsar PSR B1257+12 in 1990. In 1992 they showed that the pulsar was orbited by two planets, whose masses were initially assessed at 3.4 and 2.8 times Earth's mass. The radii of their orbits are 0.36 and 0.47 AU respectively. This was the first confirmed discovery of planets outside the Solar System (as of 2 June 2021, 4,401 such planets were known). Wolszczan announced his findings in 1992 during the Meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Atlanta.Two years later he published the results of his discovery and was chosen by the journal Nature as the author of one of 15 fundamental discoveries in the field of physics. Despite some initial misgivings by several experts, today his discovery is regarded as fully substantiated. Astronomer Bohdan Paczyński called it "the greatest discovery by a Polish astronomer since Copernicus." In 1998, Astronomy magazine included his discovery among The 25 Greatest Astronomical Findings of All Time. At the Arecibo Observatory, Wolszczan also collaborated with Joseph H. Taylor Jr and conducted research on millisecond pulsars. In 2003 Maciej Konacki and Wolszczan determined the orbital inclinations of the two pulsar planets, showing that the actual masses were approximately 3.9 and 4.3 Earth masses respectively. In 2007, <mask> was also part of a Polish team of astronomers led by Andrzej Niedzielski that found yet another planet outside the Solar System, HD 17092 b, orbiting star HD 17092.In 2012, Matthew Route and Wolszczan detected


title: Aleksander Wolszczan

texts:
 bursts of radio waves emitted from 2MASS J10475385+2124234 using Arecibo Observatory. This T6.5 brown dwarf has a temperature of 800-900 K, making it the coolest known radio-emitting substellar object. Its magnetic field is stronger than 1.7 kG. In 2016, the team discovered the most rapidly rotating brown dwarf, the T6 WISEPC J112254.73+255021.5. Its rotation period may be as little as 17 minutes. In 2017, he was awarded the Bohdan Paczyński Medal conferred by the Polish Astronomical Society. <mask> is a member of many scientific associations which include: the Polish Academy of Sciences, American Astronomical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Sciences, International Union of Radio Science, International Astronomical Union, and Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America.Recognition
In 1992 <mask> won the Prize of the Foundation for Polish Science. In 1996, he was awarded the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize by the American Astronomical Society, and in 1997 Polish President <mask> Kwaśniewski presented him with the Commander's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta for outstanding contributions to Polish science. In 2002, he appeared on a Polish postage stamp (as part of a series of 16 stamps, titled "Polish Millennium," which summarizes the last 1,000 years of history, culture, and science in Poland). In 2006, <mask> officially became an honorary citizen of Szczecin. In 2007, Jan Sosiński directed a documentary film on the life and scientific work of Wolszczan entitled Gwiazdor - <mask> Wolszczan. He was elected a Legacy Fellow of the American Astronomical

masks: Wolszczan Wolszczan Aleksander Wolszczan Aleksander


title: Aleksander Wolszczan

texts:
 Society in 2020. Controversy
In 2008 Gazeta Prawna disclosed that from 1973 until 1988 Wolszczan was an informant (codenamed "Lange") for the Polish communist-era Służba Bezpieczeństwa.He confirmed this, but stressed that he was passing only unimportant information, usually publicly known, and that he did not harm anybody. The resulting controversy in Polish media resulted in his resignation from Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. He continues teaching and researching at Penn State. See also
Timeline of Polish science and technology
Bohdan Paczyński
Andrzej Udalski
OGLE
List of Poles

Notes

References
 <mask>, A., and D.A. Frail. A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR 1257+12. Nature 355(6356):145-7, January 9, 1992.<mask>, A. Confirmation of Earth-mass planets orbiting the millisecond pulsar PSR B1257+12. Science 264(5158):538-42, 22 April 1994. Konacki, M. and Wolszczan, A. Masses and Orbital Inclinations of Planets in the PSR B1257+12 System Astrophysical Journal, Volume 591, Issue 2, pp. L147-L150, 2003. External links
 Earth Sized Planets Confirmed
 Planet Orbiting a Giant Red Star Discovered with Hobby-Eberly Telescope

1946 births
Living people
People from Szczecinek
20th-century Polish astronomers
Radio astronomers
Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń alumni
Pennsylvania State University faculty
Cornell University faculty
Winners of the Beatrice M. Tinsley Prize
Discoverers of exoplanets
Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the Order of Polonia Restituta
21st-century Polish astronomers
Fellows of the American Astronomical

masks: Wolszczan Wolszczan


title: Rudolph Hass

texts:
<mask> (June 5, 1892 - October 24, 1952) was an American mail carrier and amateur horticulturist who first grew the Hass avocado, the source of 95% of California avocados grown commercially today. Life before 1925
<mask> was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on June 5, 1892 to Henry C<mask> and Alma F<mask> (née Zergman). Known as Rudie, Hass quit school after finishing 10th grade at age 15 and went to work. Hass met Elizabeth Schuette in 1918 at a  July church picnic. He was involved in a mission working with children on weekends and asked Elizabeth if she could play the piano for his ministry at the mission. She agreed and thus their courtship began. They were married about a year later on 8/2/1919 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.The family moved to Pasadena, California in 1923. Hass got a job as a door-to-door salesman in 1923, first selling "Real Silk Hose" (socks and ties for men), then selling Maytag washing machines. In 1925 Hass got a job with the Pasadena Post Office making 25 cents per hour. That was before mail truck routes, so Hass carried the heavy mail sack every day on his route for ten years until he was given a car route due to his failing heart. Discovery of the Hass Avocado
After reading a magazine article illustrating an avocado tree with dollar bills hanging from it in 1925, Hass used all the money he had, plus a loan from his sister, <mask>, to buy a small acre and a half avocado grove at 430 West Road La Habra Heights, California. The trees were old Fuerte avocados with 2 or 3 Lyon as well as a few Pueblas and Nabals. The Fuerte was the best

masks:
Rudolph Gustav Hass
Rudolph Gustav Hass
. Hass
. Hass
Ida Hass


title: Rudolph Hass

texts:
 hanging over his hand. This was in July, 1932<calculated>. That picture has been immortalized in a portrait painted by <mask>'s grandson, Thomas Wilkes. That seedling grew more rapidly and produced more fruit than the Fuerte grafts. It also grew straight up and was not as spread out as the Fuerte trees making more trees to the acre possible. When the fruit grew large enough and mature, Hass picked them to ripen. The family agreed that this avocado tasted as good, if not better than the Fuerte.Marketing
As the tree grew and produced more fruit than the family could use, Hass took some to his co-workers at the Pasadena Post Office. They liked the avocados and asked if they could buy more from him. He agreed to sell them a bag of 4 or 5 avocados for $1. He sold all he brought to work and took orders for more. The <mask> family began to work harvesting and selling avocados from a roadside stand by the grove at 430 West Road in La Habra, California. Hass also contacted the 'Model Grocery Store' on Colorado St. in Pasadena and found it to be a ready market. He left them a few sample avocados and they agreed to sell the fruit and did so for many years.The chefs of wealthy people who lived on South Orange Grove Street shopped there, and once they sampled the Hass variety, they insisted upon it. At $1.00 each, Avocados were only available to the rich. A dollar a day was a typical food budget for a family of four or five in those days. In August 1935, Hass patented his avocado tree (Plant Patent No. 139). Hass signed an agreement with Harold Brokaw, a Whittier

masks:
Rudolph Hass
Hass


title: Rudolph Hass

texts:
 nurseryman, to grow and sell the Hass Avocados. Hass was to receive 25% of the proceeds.However, the patent was widely violated. Growers would buy one tree from Mr. Brokaw who had the exclusive right to produce the nursery trees. They would then re-graft their whole grove with the bud wood from that one tree. For that reason, <mask> made less than $5,000 in royalties over the life of the patent  (at the time, patents had a term of 17 years). However, <mask> was the first person to have a producing grove of Hass Avocados, though it was a very small grove. <mask> expanded to Fallbrook, planting an  orchard in 1948 which bore its first crop in 1952, just as his 17-year patent expired. Marriage and children
<mask> and Elizabeth Schuette were married on August 2, 1919 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.They had five children. Death and afterwards
One month after the patent expired in August 1952, at the age of 60, <mask> suffered a heart attack on September 24, 1952. He died of heart failure in the Fallbrook Hospital a month later on October 24, 1952. He was buried on his wife's 53rd birthday, October 28, 1952. His wife Elizabeth lived to the age of 98. She lived in California the rest of her life on the pension from her husband's mailman job. References

External links
 Source: Faith Pauline (<mask>) Wilkes, daughter of <mask><mask>.Whatscookingamerica.net
 Avocado.org
 Ucavo.ucr.edu
 Avofest.com

People in food and agriculture occupations
1892 births
1952 deaths
People from the San Gabriel Valley
People from La Habra Heights, California
People from Milwaukee
People from

masks:
Rudolph Hass
Rudolph Hass
Rudolph Hass
Rudolph Hass
Rudolph Hass
Hass
Rudolph G
. Hass


title: Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

texts:
<mask> of Southern Qi (南齊武帝) (440–493), personal name Xiao Ze (蕭賾), courtesy name Xuanyuan (宣遠), nickname Long'er (龍兒), was the second emperor of the Chinese Southern Qi Dynasty. He was considered to be an able and diligent emperor, although he was also criticized for wastefulness. Background

Xiao Ze was born in the Liu Song capital Jiankang in 440, when his father Xiao Daocheng was just 13 years old. He was the oldest son of his father, and his mother Liu Zhirong was Xiao Daocheng's wife. By 466, when Xiao Daocheng was a Liu Song general, Xiao Ze was a county magistrate at Gan County (贛縣, in modern Ganzhou, Jiangsi), when he was stuck in the civil war between <mask>, whose claim his father Xiao Daocheng supported, and <mask>'s nephew Liu Zixun, who also claimed the throne. Because of Xiao Daocheng's support for Emperor Ming, Xiao Ze, who was deep in the territory controlled by Liu Zixun, was arrested and imprisoned. His associate Huan Kang () fled with Xiao Ze's wife Pei Huizhao and his two sons Xiao Zhangmao and Xiao Ziliang (), and then organized some 100 people, along with Xiao Ze's distant relative Xiao Xinzu (), to make a surprise attack on Gan and rescue Xiao Ze.Xiao Ze then started an uprising at Gan against Liu Zixun. After Liu Zixun was defeated later that year, for Xiao Ze's contributions, Emperor Ming created him the Viscount of Gan, but he declined. In 477, after Xiao Daocheng assassinated Emperor Ming's violent and arbitrary son and successor Emperor Houfei, the general Shen Youzhi, from his base of Jing Province (荊州, modern central and western Hubei), started a campaign against Xiao Daocheng. At that time, Xiao Ze, who had just previously been the chief of staff for <mask>'s brother Liu Xie () the governor of Ying Province (郢州, modern

masks:
Emperor Wu
Emperor Ming
Emperor Ming
Emperor Houfei


title: Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

texts:
 eastern Hubei), was returning to Jiankang with Liu Xie. He had reached Xunyang (尋陽, in modern Jiujiang, Jiangxi) when news of Shen's uprising arrived. His associates all recommending speeding back to the capital Jiankang, but Xiao Ze instead took up defense position at Pencou (湓口, also in modern Jiujiang) to block the Yangtze River in anticipation of Shen's advancing east. When Xiao Daocheng received Xiao Ze's report, he gladly stated, "He is really my son!"(As it turned out, the defense was not needed, as Shen became mired in his siege of Yingcheng (郢城, in modern Wuhan, Hubei), and eventually his forces collapsed when he could not capture Yingcheng quickly, but Xiao Ze's tactical setup would have provided additional difficulty for Shen had he advanced further.) Xiao Ze was subsequently created the Marquess of Wenxi, and then the Duke of Wenxi, as his father progressed toward taking the throne. In 479, after Xiao Daocheng took the throne from <mask>n, ending Liu Song and establishing Southern Qi as its Emperor Gao, Xiao Ze was created the crown prince. As crown prince
As crown prince, Xiao Ze was often involved in the important matters of state. In 479, for example, when the official Xie Duo () publicly displayed refusal to submit to Emperor Gao after he took the throne, Xiao Ze suggested that Emperor Gao execute Xie to warn others, but <mask> refused, instead finding another excuse to remove Xie. In 480, Xiao Ze's wife, Crown Princess Pei Huizhao, died. He would not have a wife after that point, although he had a multitude of concubines.Because Xiao Ze was only 13 years younger than his father <mask>, and he felt that he contributed greatly to the establishment of Southern Qi, he often interjected himself into governmental matters, and he often used

masks:
Emperor Shu
Emperor Gao
Emperor Gao


title: Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

texts:
 items that were properly only usable by the emperor. He also trusted his jester Zhang Jingzhen (), who was so luxurious in his lifestyle to be like an emperor. When the official Xun Boyu () reported this to Emperor Gao while Xiao Ze happened to be away from the capital Jiankang to worship the ancestors, Emperor Gao was enraged. Xiao Ze's brother Xiao Ni the Prince of Yuzhang found this out and quickly rode on a horse to personally warn Xiao Ze. Xiao Ze quickly returned to Jiankang, and the next day, <mask> sent Xiao Ze's two sons, Xiao Zhangmao the Prince of Nan Commandery and Xiao Ziliang the Duke of Wenxi, to rebuke Xiao Ze for him and to order Zhang put to death in Xiao Ze's name. It took about a month for <mask>'s furor to subside, after a feast organized by the official Wang Jingze () at the crown prince's palace. For some time, however, <mask> considered replacing Xiao Ze as crown prince with Xiao Ni, but because Xiao Ni continued to serve his brother faithfully and carefully, their brotherly relations were not affected.In 482, Emperor Gao died, and Xiao Ze took the throne as Emperor <mask>. Early reign
Immediately after taking the throne, Emperor <mask> posthumously honored his wife Crown Princess Pei as Empress Mu, and he created his oldest son (by her) Xiao Zhangmao crown prince. He also allowed a number of late-Liu Song officials who had opposed or been opposed by Emperor Gao, including Shen Youzhi, Yuan Can, Liu Bing, and Liu Jingsu (), to be reburied with proper honors, reasoning that they were faithful officials who deserved recognition. He largely handed important governmental matters himself, while having Wang Jian, Wang Yan (), his brother Xiao Ni, and his son Xiao Ziliang as the key advisors. However, his associates Lü Wendu (), Ru

masks:
Emperor Gao
Emperor Gao
Emperor Gao
Wu
Wu


title: Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

texts:
 Faliang (), and Lü Wenxian () were also powerful behind the scenes. In 483, in what is considered a major blot on his record, <mask>, still resentful that Xun Boyu had informed Emperor Gao of his misbehavior, had Xun and the general Yuan Chongzu (), whom he suspected of the same and who was a friend of Xun's, put to death under false accusations of treason. He also put to death the ambitious general Zhang Jing'er () and the official Xie Chaozong ().In 485, displeased that Li Shuxian () the governor of Jiao Province (交州, modern northern Vietnam) had been nominally submissive but had actually acted independently, Emperor <mask> sent the general Liu Kai () to attack Li. Li, in fear, fled back to Jiankang in submission. Later that year, <mask> reestablished the national university and merged the imperial research facility Zongmingguan () into it, having Wang Jian as its head. In late 485, with the people fearful that Emperor <mask> was using a new census bureau to discover cases of tax fraud and prosecute them, Tang Yuzhi () rose in Fuyang and captured a number of commanderies, claiming imperial title in spring 486. His rebellion was, however, soon suppressed. In 487, the migrant Huan Tiansheng (), who claimed to be a descendant of Huan Xuan, rose in Nanyang, with aid from Northern Wei. However, after several months, he was defeated.Late reign
In 490, in response to peace overtures that Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei made, Emperor <mask> made peace with Northern Wei. In fall 490, Emperor <mask>'s son Xiao Zixiang () the Prince of Badong and governor of Jing Province, who had been interested in military matters, was accused of making improper trades of weapon with barbarian tribes. His staff members secretly informed Emperor <mask> of this, and when Xiao

masks:
Emperor Wu
Wu
Emperor Wu
Wu
Wu
Wu
Wu


title: Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

texts:
 Zixiang learned of this, he killed the staff members who reported on him. In response, Emperor <mask> sent a small detachment of soldiers under the command of general Hu Xiezhi (), to force Xiao Zixiang to give up his post and return to Jiankang to receive punishment. Hu, however, mishandled the situation as he refused all attempts by Xiao Zixiang to surrender, forcing Xiao Zixiang to engage him in battle and defeat him. Xiao Zixiang subsequently tried to head to Jiankang alone to confess his guilt, but on the way, he was intercepted by the general Xiao Shunzhi (), whom Crown Prince Zhangmao, who was fearful of Xiao Zixiang, had secretly instructed to find someway to have Xiao Zixiang killed, and Xiao Shunzhi strangled Xiao Zixiang to death. Emperor <mask>, while mourning Xiao Zixiang, publicly declared his guilt and posthumously demoted him to marquess.In 491, in contravention with the traditional Confucian ceremonies of ancestral worship, Emperor <mask> ordered that his parents (<mask> and his wife Liu Zhirong) and grandparents (<mask>'s father Xiao Chengzhi () and mother Chen Daozhi () make offerings, for sacrificial purposes, items that they favored as foods, rather than the Confucian requirement of sacrificing one pig, one cow, and one goat each. The items offered those ancestors, instead, were:

 <mask>: ground pork sauce, pickled vegetable soup
 Liu Zhirong: green tea, fried dough strips, grilled fish
 Xiao Chengzhi: leavened bread, duck porridge
 Chen Daozhi: young bamboo shoots, duck eggs

Emperor <mask> was heavily criticized by Confucian scholars for disobeying tradition (particularly because he also commissioned his sister-in-law, Xiao Ni's wife Princess Yu, to be in charge of the ancestral worship), but this act appeared to show quite a bit

masks:
Wu
Wu
Wu
Emperor Gao
Emperor Gao
Emperor Gao
Wu


title: Emperor Wu of Southern Qi

texts:
 of humanity in his relationship with his parents and grandparents. Also in 491, a project that Emperor <mask> commissioned in 489—the revision of the penal statutes to eliminate contradictory provisions in the statutes written by the Jin officials Zhang Fei () and Du Yu—was completed, which greatly eliminated arbitrary and unfair enforcement of the laws. However, while Emperor <mask> also ordered that the national university add a department for legal studies to eliminate the issue where officials were not familiar with penal laws, the order was not actually carried out. In 493, Crown Prince Zhangmao, to whom Emperor <mask> had delegated part of imperial authority late in his reign, died. Emperor <mask> created Crown Prince Zhangmao's son, Xiao Zhaoye the Prince of Nan Commandery, as crown prince to replace his father. Later that year, he died, and while there was initially an attempt by the official Wang Rong () to have Xiao Ziliang made emperor instead, Xiao Zhaoye took the throne to succeed Emperor <mask>.The Song Dynasty historian Sima Guang, in his Zizhi Tongjian, had these comments about Emperor <mask>:

When Shizu [Emperor <mask>'s temple name] reigned, he was attentive to the important matters of state, oversaw what was importantant, was strict and intelligent, and resolute and decisive. He gave his commandery governors and county magistrate long office terms, and if their subordinates violated the law, he would send the imperial swords to the governors or magistrates to have them carry out the capital punishments. Therefore, during his era of Yongming, the people were rich and peaceful, and there was little crime. However, he also favored feasting and gaming, and while he expressed displeasure at luxuries and wastefulness, he could not avoid

masks: Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu Wu


title: Ruben Yttergård Jenssen

texts:
<mask> (born 4 May 1988) is a Norwegian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Eliteserien club Tromsø, and the Norwegian national team. He was playing regularly for Tromsø in the Tippeligaen since 2008, and became one of the team's most important players before transferring to Kaiserslautern. Early in his career, <mask> played as a winger, but he has later played as a central midfielder. <mask> made his international debut for Norway in May 2010, and has since then been a member of the national team squad, and a regular starter since September 2012. He is the son of former footballer <mask>. Early life
Born in Tromsø, <mask> played for Fløya during his youth. His family moved to Sogn og Fjordane when his father, <mask>, was head coach of Sogndal IL during the 1997 season, and the nine-year-old played for a team in Sogndal's youth department.<mask>'s mother, Ann-Torild, who played basketball for Tromsø Basketballklubb (now Tromsø Storm) did not want him to play football and wanted him to try out gymnastics and basketball instead. After he played basketball for a year when he was 13, he asked his mother if he could quit. Club career

Tromsø

2006 season
After playing for Tromsø's youth team, <mask> was promoted to the first-team squad ahead of the 2006 season. He signed a four-year contract with the club in April 2006, and Steinar Nilsen, Tromsø's director of sports, stated that <mask> was one of the most talented footballers hailing from Tromsø ever. Tromsø's head coach Ivar Morten Normark claimed that the signing of <mask> was better for the development of young players from Northern Norway, than if the club had signed Ronaldinho. <mask> had been playing as a central midfielder during his youth, but was retrained as a left wing in 2006.

masks:
Ruben Yttergård Jenssen
Jenssen
Jenssen
Truls Jenssen
Jenssen
Truls Jenssen
Jenssen
Jenssen
Jenssen
Jenssen
Jenssen


title: Ruben Yttergård Jenssen

texts:
 He made his debut for Tromsø in the first match of the 2006 Tippeligaen against Molde on 9 April 2006.Despite starting the first match of the season, <mask> did not play regularly for the Tromsø-team that battled against relegation in 2006. He made four more appearances as a substitute in the league, and played one match in the Norwegian Cup. Following Ole Martin Årst's transfer from Standard Liège to Tromsø in 2006, the Belgium club had secured an option to sign <mask> free of charge, and he was in 2006 offered a contract with the club's academy. <mask> rejected this offer. He was again offered a one-year contract with Standard in June 2007, this time with the club's first team, but <mask> also turned this offer down. 2007 season
With Steinar Nilsen as head coach in the 2007 season, <mask> made 15 appearances in the league, all as a substitute. 2008 season
After starting a few matches for Tromsø in the 2008 season, <mask> scored his first goal in Tippeligaen with a match-winning goal against HamKam on 20 July 2008.<mask> scored another match-winning goal in August, this time against Aalesund, and became a regular starter for Tromsø during the season, contributing to the team's bronze medals. 2009 season
After Steinar Nilsen moved to Brann, Per-Mathias Høgmo became the head coach of Tromsø, and <mask> was in the 2009 season Høgmo's most used player as he played all of the 30 matches in the 2009 Tippeligaen. After having played as a winger for Tromsø, he became a central midfielder this season. 2011 season
<mask> also played most of the matches in the 2011 season, but after playing 89 matches in a row for Tromsø he missed the match against Viking in August 2011 due to a suspension after three yellow cards. <mask> scored his first

masks: Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen


title: Ruben Yttergård Jenssen

texts:
 Tippeligaen-goal in three years in the 3–1 win against Fredrikstad on 21 August 2011. He scored the first goal in the match after two minutes. 2012 season
In the 2012 season, <mask> was again playing every match until he had to skip the match against Sandnes Ulf in November 2012 due to an injury.This was the first time <mask> was unable to play a match for Tromsø, since he became a regular in the first time in 2008. Tromsø's Miika Koppinen was placed on the bench in the 2012 Norwegian Football Cup Final, and <mask> captained the side in the club's third Norwegian Football Cup final. 1. FC Kaiserslautern
On 4 June 2013, he signed a three-year contract with 2. Bundesliga club 1. FC Kaiserslautern. Groningen
On 7 June 2016, he signed with Dutch Eredivisie side FC Groningen.In January 2018, <mask> re-joined former club 1. FC Kaiserslautern on loan for the second half of the season. Brann
Yttergård Jenssen signed with Brann on 11 August 2018 on a 2 years contract. Tromsø
Yttergård Jenssen signed with Tromsø on 18 January 2020 on a 4 years contract. International career
<mask> first represented Norway at the under-16 level, and soon became a regular on Norwegian youth teams. He played 21 matches and scored two goals from under-16 level to under-19 level, and became the captain of the under-21 team in 2009. He played a total of 13 matches for the under-21 team.In May 2010, <mask> was selected for the Norwegian national team squad for the first time along with Jonathan Parr, as a replacement for Bjørn-Helge Riise and John Arne Riise who attended Bjørn-Helge's wedding. <mask> made his debut for Norway when he started the match against Montenegro and played for 57 minutes. Parr and <mask> were originally returning to the under-21 for a match against

masks: Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen


title: Ruben Yttergård Jenssen

texts:
 Finland U21 after the Montenegro-match, but they both returned to their clubs with injuries. <mask> has since then been a regular in Egil Olsen's national squad, and he has been a regular starter since he started the World Cup qualifier against Slovenia on 11 September 2012. <mask> was awarded the Gold Watch after his 25th cap against Macedonia on 11 June 2013, and became the eighth footballer from Northern Norway to reach that milestone. Personal life
<mask> comes from a family of footballers; his father Truls, is a former Tromsø player and he has also coached Sogndal, Tromsdalen and Tromsø. His brother Markus won the Norwegian Youth Cup with Tromsø, and the youngest brother Ulrik has been a regular on Norwegian national youth teams and moved to Lyon in 2013.<mask> married his girlfriend of eight years, Maria Evertsen Berg, in December 2012. His best man was Christer Johnsgård, a former Tromsdalen-player who now works in Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. Style of play
Being a central midfielder his biggest talent is his passing ability. His vision and orientation of the game combine with an outstanding left-foot to make him a powerful player. Career statistics

Club

Notes

International

References

External links

1988 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tromsø
Norwegian footballers
Norway youth international footballers
Norway under-21 international footballers
Norway international footballers
Sogndal Fotball players
Tromsø IL players
1. FC Kaiserslautern players
FC Groningen players
SK Brann players
Eliteserien players
2. Bundesliga players
Eredivisie players
Norwegian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate footballers in the Netherlands
Norwegian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Association football

masks: Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen Jenssen


title: François Péron

texts: <mask> (22 August 1775 – 14 December 1810) was a French naturalist and explorer. <mask> was born in Cérilly, Allier, in 1775, the son of a tailor (not a harness maker as is frequently asserted). Although intended for the priesthood, due to the Revolution, <mask> reluctantly joined the 2nd Allier Volunteer Battalion in 1792 and helped defend besieged Landau. In the following year he was wounded and taken prisoner by Prussian forces near Hochspeyer in the Pfalzwald. Imprisoned in the fortress of Magdeburg he was not repatriated to France until 1794. Having lost the sight of an eye, <mask> was invalided out of the army. For two years he was Town Clerk in Cérilly before gaining a scholarship to study medicine in Paris.In 1800, after an unhappy love affair, he sought to join Nicolas Baudin's expedition to Australian waters as an anthropological observer. Instead he was appointed as a trainee zoologist. During the voyage, which charted significant stretches of the Australian coast between 1801 and 1803, <mask> clashed repeatedly with Baudin. When Stanislas Levillain and René Maugé died, <mask> rose to prominence as the sole remaining zoologist. (Baudin had already lost numerous officers, sailors, savants and artists who deserted in Mauritius.) With the aid of the artist Charles Alexandre Lesueur, <mask> was largely

masks:
François Auguste Péron
Life Péron
Péron
Péron
Péron
Péron
Péron


title: François Péron

texts: responsible for gathering some 100,000 zoological specimens—the most comprehensive Australian natural history collection to date. Although he died before he could fully study his specimens, <mask> made a major contribution to the foundations of the natural sciences in Australia and was a prescient ecological thinker.He was also a pioneer oceanographer who conducted important experiments on sea water temperatures at depth. As a Corresponding Member of the Société des observateurs de l'homme, <mask> wrote a great deal about the Tasmanian Aborigines of the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, on south-eastern Tasmania. Within 30 years almost all were dead through disease and war. The Australian historian Edward Duyker has shown that he has been unfairly accused of polygenism and racism, mainly because of a mistranslation of extracts from one of his scientific papers. Baudin died before he could return to France, and it was <mask> who began writing the official account of the expedition: Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes. In doing so, he committed a great injustice to his former commander's memory by magnifying his faults and frequently distorting the historical record. In the wake of the resumed fighting between France and Britain, <mask> also drafted a secret Mémoire sur les établissements anglais à la Nouvelle

masks: Péron Péron Péron Péron


title: François Péron

texts:
 rubeola in Hylidae : Pelodryadinae, and Bufo leucogaster and Bufo proteus in Myobatrachidae. Hyla cyanea was synonymised with Litoria caerulea (White, 1790) - White's treefrog, but Hyla citripoda does survive as a valid species, Litoria citropa (Péron, 1807) - Blue Mountains treefrog. See also :Category:Taxa named by <mask>. Publications

—— Observations sur l’anthropologie, ou l’Histoire naturelle de l’homme, la nécessité de s’occuper de l’avancement de cette science, et l’importance de l’admission sur la Flotte du capitaine Baudin d’un ou de plusieurs Naturalistes, spécialement chargés des Recherches à faire sur cet objet, Stoupe, Paris, an VIII [1800]. —— Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, exécuté par ordre de sa Majesté, l’Empereur et Roi, sur les corvettes le Géographe, le Naturaliste et la goëlette le Casuarina, pendant les années 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804, L’Imprimerie Impériale, 3 vols and atlas, Paris, 1807–17; vol.i, Historique, 1807; vol. ii, Historique [completed by L. de Freycinet], 1816; vol. iii, Navigation et géographie [by L. de Freycinet], 1815; Atlas historique [by C. A. Leseur & N. Petit], 1817. —— A Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Hemisphere Performed by Order of the Emperor Napoleon, During the Years 1801, 1802, 1803, and 1804, printed for Richard Phillips, Bridge


title: François Péron

texts: Street, Blackfriars, by B. McMillan, Bow Street, Covent Garden, London, 1809. <mask>, F. [and de Freycinet, L.], Voyage de découvertes aux Terres Australes, fait par ordre du gouvernement, sur les corvettes le Géographe, le Naturaliste et la goëlette le Casuarina, pendant les années 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 et 1804, 4 vols and atlas, Paris, 1824. —— Voyage of Discovery to the Southern Lands, by <mask>, continued by Louis de Freycinet, 2nd edn 1824: Book IV, Comprising Chapters XXII to XXXIV (trans. C. Cornell; introduction by Anthony J.Brown), Friends of the State Library of South Australia, Adelaide, 2003. —— Entdeckungs-Reise nach den Süd-Ländern ausgefürt auf Befehl Sr. Majestät des Kaisers und Königs, auf den Corvetten dem Geographen, dem Naturalisten und der Golette dem Casuarina, während der Jahre 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803 und 1804 (trans. Ph. W. G. Hausleutner), J. G. Cotta’schen Buchhandlung, Tübingen, 2 vols, 1808–19. <mask>, F. A. [and de Freycinet. L.], Entdeckungsreise nach Australien unternommen auf Befehl Sr. Majestät des Kaisers von Frankreich und Königs von Italien mit den Korvetten der Geograph und der Naturalist, und der goelette Kasuarina in den Jahren 1800 bis 1804 (trans.T. F. Ehrmann), Verlage des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, 2 vols, 1808–19. <mask>, F., ‘Discours préliminaire d’un

masks:
Péron
François Péron
Péron
Péron


title: François Péron

texts: travail sur les Méduses’, Procès-verbaux des séances de l’Académie, Classe des Sciences physiques et mathématiques, tome iv, séances du 21 novembre 1808, 28 novembre 1808 et 19 décembre 1808, pp. 136, 140, 147. —— ‘Inventaire général de tous les objets relatifs à l’histoire de l’homme recueillis pendant le cours de l’expédition ou remis à M. <mask>, naturaliste zoologiste du Gouvernement dans cette expédition, et présentés par M. Geoffroy et lui à Sa Majesté l’Impératrice Joséphine le 9 prairial an XII [29 May 1804]’ in Copans, J. and Jamin, J. (eds), Aux origines de l’anthropologie française: Les Mémoires de la Société des Observateurs de l’Homme en l’an VIII, Le Sycomore, Paris, 1978, pp. 195–203. —— ‘Mémoire sur le nouveau genre Pyrosoma’, Annales du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, tome 4, an XII (1804), pp.437–46, planche 72. —— ‘Mémoire sur les établissement anglais à la Nouvelle Hollande, à la Terre de Diemen et dans les archipels du grand océan Pacifique …‘, présentation, édition et notes de Roger Martin, transcription du manuscrit avec le concours de Jacqueline Bonnemains, préface de Joël Eymeret, Revue de l’Institut Napoléon, No. 176, 1998, I, pp. 1–187. —— ‘Mémoire sur quelques faits zoologiques applicables à la théorie du globe, lu à la Classe des Sciences physiques et mathématiques de


title: François Péron

texts: l’Institut national (Séance du 30 vendémiaire an XIII)’, Journal de physique, de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol. 59, 1804, pp. 463–80, planches i, ii.—— ‘Notice d’un mémoire sur les animaux observés pendant la traversée de Timor au Cap Sud de la Terre de Van Diemen’, Bulletin des sciences de la Société philomatique, no. xi, 8e année, tome iii, no. 95, pluviôse an 13 [December 1804–January 1805], pp. 269–70. —— ‘Notice sur quelques applications utiles des observations météorologiques à l’hygiène navale’, Journal de physique, de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol. 67, 1808, pp. 29–43.—— ‘Observations sur la dyssenterie des pays chauds et sur l’usage du bétel’, Journal de physique, de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol. 59, 1804, pp. 290–9. —— ‘Réponse de M. <mask>, naturaliste de l’expédition de découvertes aux Terres Australes aux observations critiques de M. Dumont sur le tablier des femmes Hottentotes’, Journal de physique, de chimie et d’histoire naturelle, tome lxi, 1805, pp. 210–17. —— ‘Sur la température de la mer soit à sa surface, soit à diverses profondeurs’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 5, an XIII (1804), pp. 123–48 [English translation: ‘Fragment from Peron, with notices from other voyagers, on the Temperature of the Sea, at great depths,


title: François Péron

texts: far from Land’, American Journal of Science, vol.xvii, 1830, pp. 295–9]. <mask>, F. and Lesueur, C.-A., ‘Observations sur le tablier des femmes Hottentotes, avec une note sur l’expédition française aux Terres Australes, et une étude critique sur la stéatopygie et le tablier des femmes Boschimanes, par le Dr Raphaël Blanchard’, Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, vol. 8, 1883, pp. 15–33. —— ‘Des caractères génériques et spécifiques de toutes les espèces de Méduses connues jusqu’à ce jour’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 14, 1809, pp. 325–66.—— ‘Histoire de la famille des Molluques Ptéropodes’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 57–69, 2 planches. —— ‘Histoire du genre Firole: Firola’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 76–82. —— ‘Histoire générale et particulière de tous les animaux qui composent la famillle des Méduses’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 14, 1809, pp. 218–28. —— ‘La conservation des diverses espèces d’animation dans l’alcool’, Journal de physique de chimie, d’histoire naturelle et des arts, vol.71, octobre 1810, pp. 265–88. —— ‘Notice sur l’habitation des animaux marins’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 287–92. —— ‘Notice sur l’habitation


title: François Péron

texts:
 des phoques’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp. 293–00. —— ‘Sur les Méduses du genre Equorée’, Annales du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, tome 15, 1810, pp.41–56. —— ‘Tableau des caractères génériques et spécifiques de toutes les espèces de Méduses connues jusqu’à ce jour’, Annales du Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, tome 14, 1809 [1810], pp. 325–66. See also
 Tasmanian Aborigines
 Truganini
 European and American voyages of scientific exploration

References

Further reading
 Edward Duyker, <mask>ron: An Impetuous Life: Naturalist and Voyager, Miegunyah/MUP, Melb., 2006, pp. 349,  [winner Frank Broeze Maritime History Prize, 2007]. External links

Biography of <mask>
<mask>: An Impetuous Life: Naturalist and Voyager

People from Allier
1775 births
1810 deaths
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
French naturalists
Explorers of Australia
Explorers of Western Australia
Shark Bay
19th-century French people
19th-century explorers
Tuberculosis deaths in

masks:
François Pé
Péron
François Péron


title: William R. Blair

texts:
<mask> (November 7, 1874 – September 2, 1962) was an American scientist and United States Army officer, who worked on the development of the radar from the 1930s onward. He led the U.S. Army's Signal Corps Laboratories during its formative years and is often called the "Father of American Radar". Early life, education, and teaching
<mask> was born in Ireland in County Londonderry on November 7, 1874, and brought to the United States by his parents when he was nine years old. His family settled in Kansas, where <mask> graduated from Kansas State Normal School–now known as Emporia State University—in 1895. He was subsequently the principal of a high school in Pittsburg, Kansas for two years before moving on Oshkosh Normal School—now known as University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh—where he taught mathematics and physics from 1899 to 1902 and was the school's the head football coach for the 1901 season. He was awarded a Ph.D. in physics in 1906 from the University of Chicago, where he also served as an instructor. His doctoral dissertation involved experimental studies of microwave reflections, including those from non-metallic surfaces.Government and military career
After graduation from Chicago, <mask> took a position with the United States Weather Bureau as a specialist in atmospheric sciences. There he prepared a major report, "Meteorology and Aeronautics," for the NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, predecessor of NASA) that was widely circulated as a basic handbook. The theoretical portions of the report were published in a research journal. When World War I began, physicist <mask> Millikan recommended <mask> to be commissioned as a major in the Aviation

masks:
William Richards Blair
Blair
Blair
Blair
Robert Andrews
Blair


title: William R. Blair

texts: Section, U.S. Signal Corps reserves. <mask> was made the Chief Meteorologist for the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) and sailed to France in September 1917. Upon arrival <mask> met with the British and French military weather services and established the exchange of weather information between the three. <mask> established his headquarters at the Colombey-les-Belles Aerodrome and prepared the way for the over 300 officers and men who served as meteorological troops overseas.Following the war, he remained in the Army as a meteorologist and participated in planning the first aerial circumnavigation in 1924. While attending the Command and General Staff College, he made a study of acoustical direction-finding for antiaircraft artillery, and soon realized that this could better be done using electromagnetic waves. In 1917, the Army established the Signal Corps Radio Laboratories at Camp Vail, in eastern New Jersey. After the war, this became Fort Vail, then in 1925, it was renamed Fort Monmouth. In 1926, <mask> was assigned as the Chief of Research and Engineering. Coupling capabilities in electronics and meteorology, in 1929 the Laboratory developed and launched the first radio-equipped weather balloon. Going into the 1930s, the Great Depression with declining economic conditions led the Signal Corps to consolidate their widespread laboratories to Fort Monmouth.On June 30, 1930, the consolidated operations became the Signal Corps Laboratories (SCL), with Colonel <mask> named the Director. In 1931, <mask> initiated Project 88, “Position Finding by Means of Light.” Here “light” was used in the general sense of electromagnetic radiation, including infrared and the

masks: Blair Blair Blair Blair Blair Blair


title: William R. Blair

texts:
 very-short radio waves with line-of-sight transmission characteristics (microwaves). Some success was made with detection of thermal radiation from aircraft engines, but <mask> was soon convinced that detection could best be done using reflected microwave signals. After several years investigating microwave generating and receiving devices, followed by experiments in target detection using Doppler-beat interference methods, in 1935 <mask> reported the following:
To date the distances at which reflected signals can be detected with radio-optical equipment are not great enough to be of value. . . . Consideration is now being given to the scheme of projecting an interrupted sequence of trains of oscillations against the target and attempting to detect the echoes during the interstices between the projections. In 1936, a laboratory project in pulsed transmission and detection was started, and on December 14, the experimental apparatus detected an aircraft at 7 miles distance. Development then started on the Army's first system for Radio Position Finding (RPF) -- the name “radar” did not come into existence until 1940.<mask>'s health failed during 1938, and he retired before the system was completed. This system, eventually designated SCR-268, was intended to aim searchlights. In 1945, the Signal Corps applied, in <mask>'s name, for a patent titled "Object Locating System". This was based on the pulse-echo technique that was originally proposed by <mask> in 1935. Because of secrecy, however, he was not allowed to apply for a patent until after the end of World War II, and his application was challenged by Raytheon, RCA, the United States Navy, and several companies; U.S.

masks: Blair Blair Blair Blair Blair


title: William R. Blair

texts:
 Patent No. 2,803,819 was not granted until 1957. <mask> died five years later on September 2, 1962, in Fair Haven, New Jersey.Recognition
 2004 New Jersey Hall of Fame Inductee

Head coaching record

References

Additional sources
 Colton, <mask>.; “Radar in the United States Army,” Proc. IRE, vol. 33, p. 749, 1947. Davis, Harry M.; History of the Signal Corps Development of US Army Radar Equipment, Part II, Office of the Chief Signal Officer, 1945. Maurer, Maurer; Aviation in the U.S. Army, 1919-1939, University Press of the Pacific, 2004. <mask>, Wendy; Fort Monmouth, Arcadia Publishing, 2009. Terrett, Dulany; The Signal Corps: The Emergency (to December 1941), 4th ed., Government Printing Office, 2002.Vieweger A. L.; “Radar in the Signal Corps,” IRE Trans Mil. Elect., MIL-4, p. 555, Oct. 1960

External links

1874 births
1962 deaths
20th-century American physicists
United States Army personnel of World War I
Emporia State University alumni
Radar pioneers
United States Army officers
University of Chicago alumni
University of Chicago faculty
University of Wisconsin–Oshkosh faculty
Wisconsin–Oshkosh Titans football coaches
Scientists from Kansas
Sportspeople from County Londonderry
Sportspeople from Kansas
Irish emigrants to the United States (before

masks:
Blair
Roger B
Rejan


title: Stephen Merchant

texts:
<mask> (born 24 November 1974) is an English comedian, writer, director, actor and presenter. Alongside Ricky Gervais, he was the co-writer and co-director of the British TV comedy series The Office (2001–2003), and co-writer, co-director, and co-star of both Extras (2005–2007) and Life's Too Short (2011–2013). With Gervais and Karl Pilkington, he hosted The Ricky Gervais Show in its radio, podcast, audiobook, and television formats; the radio version won a bronze Sony Award. He also provided the voice of the robotic "Intelligence Dampening Core" Wheatley in the 2011 video game Portal 2. <mask> co-developed the Sky1 travel series An Idiot Abroad (2010–2012) and co-created Lip Sync Battle (2015–present). In 2021 he starred in, co-wrote, co-produced and co-directed the 6-part comedy crime series The Outlaws. <mask> has also performed as a stand-up comedian, which led to his writing and starring in the HBO series Hello Ladies (2013–2014), which was based on his stand-up material.He starred in his first play, Richard Bean's The Mentalists, at London's Wyndham's Theatre in 2015. He also appeared as the mutant Caliban in the superhero film Logan (2017), and as serial killer <mask> in the 2022 television drama Four Lives. He has received numerous accolades, including two Golden Globe Awards, three BAFTA Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and four British Comedy Awards. Early life

<mask> <mask> was born in the Hanham suburb of Bristol on 24 November 1974, the son of nursery nurse Jane Elaine (née Hibbs) and plumber and builder Ronald John <mask>. He attended Hanham Secondary School and later the University of Warwick in Coventry from 1993 to 1996, where he received a 2:1 for his BA in Film and Literature. He worked as a film reviewer on the student radio station Radio Warwick, where he began his broadcasting career. His group there included film critic James King.A number of tapes of The Steve Show have been rediscovered and distributed on various <mask> fan sites. Self-conscious

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 about his  height, <mask> was inspired to get into comedy by the  John Cleese. In 2019, he claimed that he has never met Cleese, but that his parents had recently met Cleese on a cruise ship and asked him to sign a book for <mask>; they also recorded a voicemail message on the phone in their cabin, which consisted of Cleese saying, "Hello there Mr and Mrs <mask>, I'd be more than happy to sign your book. I was just wondering is your <mask> the same <mask> who collaborated with Ricky Gervais on The Office? Because I'm an enormous fan and please pass on my best regards." On hearing this, <mask> said, "I don't feel I need to meet him now. That's all I needed."Career

Early career
<mask> began his career performing stand-up comedy at Bristol's Comedy Box, where, he recalls, "The first week I did really well. The second week I died on my arse. I realised that stand-up was not that easy after all." He also appeared as a contestant on a 1997 episode of the TV game show Blockbusters and worked for a short time as a DJ for Radio Caroline. <mask> met Ricky Gervais for the first time in 1997, when Gervais (in the position Head of Speech at the London radio station XFM London), hired <mask> as his assistant. Gervais later said that he had called <mask> for an interview because it was the first CV handed to him. <mask> and Gervais hosted a Saturday afternoon radio show together from January through to August 1998, when both of them left XFM as it was bought by the Capital Radio Group.In the same year, <mask> was a finalist at the Daily Telegraph Open Mic Awards. <mask> worked for seven months at XFM 104.9. The Saturday show never had a large audience. Gervais says: "It's a tinpot radio station... It's not even the biggest radio station in the building." He created the features 'Hip Hop Hooray', 'Make Ricky Gervais Laugh' and 'Song for the Ladies'. After leaving XFM, <mask> began a production course at the BBC.As part of his coursework, he enlisted Gervais to perform in a 30-minute short

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 film, "Seedy Boss", which became the earliest inspiration for their mock documentary The Office. They collaborated on a sitcom pilot called Golden Years featuring a manager suffering a mid-life crisis. It aired on Channel 4's Comedy Lab series in September 1998, but the show failed to find further success. The Office and return to XFM
In mid-2001, BBC Two aired the first series of The Office, co-written and co-directed by <mask> and Gervais and starring the latter as paper sales office manager David Brent; the show initially received low ratings. Beginning in September 2001, <mask> and Gervais returned to XFM as co-hosts of The Ricky Gervais Show, another Saturday afternoon programme, which led to their fruitful relationship with producer Karl Pilkington. They took a break from the radio show in mid-2002 in order to film the second series of The Office, which aired that year; in addition to writing and directing the show, <mask> made a cameo performance in the episode "Charity" as a friend of Gareth Keenan's character and known by the name Oggy or Oggmonster. (<mask>'s father also appears in multiple episodes as an office handyman named Gordon.)<mask> also directed a sitcom pilot called The Last Chancers, which aired on Comedy Lab in November 2002 and became a five-part series broadcast in December on E4. <mask> and Gervais continued to host The Ricky Gervais Show through 2003, taking another break to film the Office Christmas special, which aired that December. The radio show went off the air indefinitely in January 2004. During 2004, <mask> appeared in a recurring role as a chef on Garth Marenghi's Darkplace and in a cameo on Green Wing, and served as a script associate on the Chris Morris and Charlie Brooker sitcom Nathan Barley. The same year, The Office aired in the U.S. to critical acclaim. It went on to win the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy which both <mask> and Gervais accepted. This was followed in 2005 by a 4th series of the

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 radio show, consisting of six episodes.U.S. series of The Office
In March 2005, the American version of The Office premiered, with <mask> and Gervais credited as executive producers. They would later co-write the third-season episode "The Convict", and <mask> would go on to direct the fifth-season episode "Customer Survey". Podcast series
In December 2005, with sponsorship by The Guardian, <mask>, Gervais and Pilkington began recording a weekly podcast (also called The Ricky Gervais Show). Throughout its first series (through 20 February 2006), the podcast was consistently ranked the most popular in the world, and was certified as the most-downloaded of all time by Guinness World Records. Two more series and three special installments (the "Podfather Trilogy") were recorded in 2006, with the final episode released on Christmas Eve. In late 2008, they recorded four more podcasts and began a series of audiobooks examining Pilkington's perspective on various subjects. Extras
In July 2005, following a brief return of the XFM radio show (filling in for Adam and Joe), Gervais and <mask>'s new sitcom Extras premiered on BBC Two.The series features <mask> in a supporting role as Darren Lamb, the incompetent agent to struggling actor Andy Millman, played by Gervais. Series 2 of Extras aired in late 2006, followed by a Christmas special in December 2007; all three instalments aired on HBO in the United States. <mask> won a 2006 British Comedy Award for Best TV Actor for his performance as Lamb. The Steve Show

In January 2007, <mask> began hosting his own radio show on BBC 6 Music, airing weekly on Sunday afternoons. Instead of comedy, The Steve Show focused on toast and music, particularly "new music", defined by <mask> as "music you've not heard before." Many of the songs on the show were suggested by listeners or co-presenters. The show also featured several of his friends, including his housemate, his childhood friend, as well as actor Rufus Gerrard-Wright (who also appeared in


title: Stephen Merchant

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 an episode of Extras).A spring search for a "she-J" resulted in the addition of former Byker Grove actor Sammy T. Dobson joining the ensemble. "The Steve Show" aired for four series and concluded in May 2009. Stand-up
<mask> began performing stand-up comedy in the late 1990s to critical success, though he decided to focus more on his work with writing partner Ricky Gervais after the success of The Office. <mask> returned to stand-up with a nationwide tour of the United Kingdom in September 2011, under the title Hello Ladies. The tour, which ended in New York, was later released on DVD. In late 2012, the tour continued in Australia and New Zealand. <mask> performed his first-ever stand-up tour of Scandinavia in October 2014, performing in 11 different cities as part of a European festival circuit.In an interview with Marc Maron, <mask> listed Eddie Izzard, Stewart Lee, Ross Noble and Jimmy Carr as stand up comedians he admires and John Cleese as his main comedic influence. Hello Ladies
Merchant's sitcom Hello Ladies premiered on 29 September 2013 on HBO, in which he played Stuart Pritchard, a website designer in Los Angeles who unsuccessfully chases beautiful women. It was adapted from his stand-up show of the same name. <mask>'s frequent partner Ricky Gervais was not involved in any part of the show which was instead written by <mask>, Lee Eisenberg and Gene Stupnitsky. After its initial run of eight episodes, HBO did not renew the show for a second season but aired a special movie on 22 November 2014, that served as the series' last episode. Other work
<mask> has played small roles in the films Hot Fuzz (2007), Run Fatboy Run (2007), and The Invention of Lying (2009). He has a supporting role in the 2010 film Tooth Fairy.On television, <mask> made a cameo appearance in a non-speaking role on the sixth-season premiere of 24; he also starred as a sports commentator in the unaired pilot No Skillz. In 2009, <mask> and Gervais collaborated on the film Cemetery Junction, set in

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texts: working-class England in the 1970s, which received mixed reviews on release in 2010. Later in 2010, Gervais and <mask> wrote, and had cameo roles in, Life's Too Short, a television show starring Warwick Davis. For television, <mask> and Gervais also produced An Idiot Abroad. In 2011, he lent his voice to the CGI film Gnomeo & Juliet and had a role in the Farrelly brothers' comedy Hall Pass. In 2013 he starred in I Give It a Year as the best man. On 18 October 2013, he hosted an episode of the panel show Have I Got News for You and was featured in Short Poppies.In 2014 he made an appearance in Modern Familys "Las Vegas" episode. In January 2011, <mask> appeared alongside many other comedians at the 'Free Fringe Benefit' at the Bloomsbury Theatre, London, in a show of stand-up to benefit the Free Fringe at the Edinburgh Comedy Festival. <mask> is the voice of Wheatley in Valve's 2011 video game Portal 2, a role which earned him widespread acclaim among reviewers. He has stated that while the project was "exhausting", he is also "very pleased by the response people have had to it. What I was really pleased by how people seemed to respond to it in the way they do with a movie they've enjoyed, or a TV show they've enjoyed." In 2013, he reprised this role as the voice of the Ap-Sap in Team Fortress 2, a weapon based on the Wheatley core. <mask> has provided the voice-over since 2009 of advertisements for Barclays and Waterstones.In 2014, he starred in two commercials for Newcastle Brown Ale and for the Cadillac 2015 ATS Coupe. He is an executive producer for the Spike show Lip Sync Battle and in July 2015, <mask> opened his first play, The Mentalists by Richard Bean alongside Steffan Rhodri in London's West End. He appeared in three episodes of The Big Bang Theory as Dave Gibbs, a guy Amy dates after she breaks up with Sheldon. He has portrayed George Washington and Abraham Lincoln on the Comedy Central series Drunk History. Through the show's first four seasons, <mask> is the

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 only actor to play the same historical figure (Lincoln) twice. He hosted a special celebrity edition of the cult UK game show The Crystal Maze, on Channel 4 on 16 October 2016, in aid of the network's Stand Up to Cancer campaign in partnership with Cancer Research UK. In 2017, <mask> played Caliban in The Wolverine sequel Logan.<mask>, along with John Krasinski and Allyson Seeger, are executive producers of Dream Corp, LLC, an animated series created by Daniel Stessen on Adult Swim. The series was announced as a pilot in May 2014, and a full season was approved in November 2015. Jon Gries of Lost fame will portray a principal character. On 31 March 2018, <mask> was a star guest announcer on Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway. On Christmas Eve 2018, <mask> appeared with Asim Chaudhry in odd-couple Christmas road-trip comedy Click & Collect on BBC One. <mask> also appeared as Nazi Gestapo leader Captain Deertz in director Taika Waititi's Oscar-winning Jojo Rabbit. In 2019, <mask> wrote and directed Fighting with My Family, a biographical sports comedy-drama film, based on the 2012 documentary The Wrestlers: Fighting with My Family by Max Fisher.The film depicts the career of English professional wrestler Paige as she makes her way up WWE, and starred Florence Pugh and Jack Lowden, as well as Dwayne Johnson (who also served as a co-producer). Fighting with My Family grossed $41.5 million worldwide against a budget of $11 million. In 2021, <mask> starred in The Outlaws, a 6-part comedy drama set in Bristol, which he also co-wrote, co-produced and co-directed. <mask> portrayed serial killer <mask> in the BBC drama Four Lives. Personal life
<mask> lives in a home previously owned by Ellen DeGeneres in the Nichols Canyon area of Los Angeles, and owns a second home in London. He lives with his partner, American actress Mircea Monroe, with whom he was first linked in 2017. Known for his  height and lanky frame, <mask> once had his dance moves likened by Ricky Gervais to an "upright

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 lizard being given electroshock treatment".Gervais also described him as a "stick insect with glasses" or Beaker from The Muppet Show. Karl Pilkington has described <mask>'s dancing as a "bit of weird art" but has since "got used to him", while Russell Brand likened him to a "graceful grasshopper". <mask> has commented that he prefers to liken himself to footballer Peter Crouch, who is also  tall; he impersonated Crouch in a BBC sketch broadcast as part of the pre-match build-up to England's opening game at the 2006 World Cup. Before the 2010 general election, <mask> was one of 48 celebrities who signed a letter warning against Conservative Party policy towards the BBC. On 22 December 2019, <mask> was the guest for an episode of BBC Radio 4's Desert Island Discs. His book choice was Roger's Profanisaurus by Roger Mellie from Viz, his luxury item was a piano, and his chosen record was "Thunder Road" by Bruce Springsteen. Filmography

Film

Television

Video games

Awards

References

External links

Interviewed on BBC Radio Five Live
Xfm: Biography
Tall man, taller success story – interview in The Telegraph – 8 August 2005
 Interview with Barbara Ellen in The Observer Magazine – 5 November 2006
An Englishman abroad
<mask> interview
<mask> interviewed by Sophie Elmhirst on New Statesman.1974 births
Living people
20th-century English comedians
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English comedians
21st-century English male actors
Alumni of the University of Warwick
Audiobook narrators
BAFTA winners (people)
British men podcasters
British male comedy actors
British male television writers
Emmy Award winners
English comedy writers
English expatriates in the United States
English male television actors
English male video game actors
English male voice actors
English podcasters
English radio DJs
English stand-up comedians
English television directors
English television producers
English television writers
Male actors from Bristol
Showrunners
Writers Guild of America Award

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title: Zuhdi Jasser

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<mask>, also known as M<mask>, and <mask> (; born 17 November 1967) is an American religious and political commentator and medical doctor specializing in internal medicine and nuclear cardiology in Phoenix, Arizona. <mask> is a former lieutenant commander in the  United States Navy, where he served as staff internist in the Office of the Attending Physician of the United States Congress. In 2003, with a group of American Muslims, Jasser founded the American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD) based in Phoenix, Arizona, and in 2004 he was one of the founders of the Center for Islamic Pluralism. He is also a contributor to national and international media, where he has advocated separation of mosque and state and spoken against the ideology of "political Islam" or Islamism. He has been a frequent guest on conservative outlets like Fox News Channel, Newsmax TV and TheBlaze Media. He has also appeared on CNN, MSNBC and CBS a couple of times and contributed articles to nationally read newspapers such as the Arizona Republic, The Dallas Morning News, The New York Post, The Wall Street Journal, and The Washington Times. In March 2012, Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) appointed <mask> to serve a two-year term on the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom.Biography
Born on November 17, 1967 in Dayton, Ohio, <mask> is the son of Syrians who immigrated to the United States in the 1960s, owing to repression in their homeland. His grandfather, <mask> <mask>, who owned a vegetable oil company in Syria was a devout Muslim with an admiration of the West. His father, Mohamed Kais <mask>, is a cardiologist who studied medicine at the University of London and Syria in the early 1960s, he was an active critic through his newspaper columns, which led to his migration with his pharmacist wife in 1963 from Beirut, Lebanon to the United States. <mask> was raised in Appleton, Wisconsin, until the age of 6. The family then moved to Neenah, Wisconsin, where he was raised in the Sunni branch of Islam. He

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title: Zuhdi Jasser

texts: attended the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, earning his bachelor of science in 1988; then he attended the Medical College of Wisconsin on a U.S. Navy scholarship, receiving his M.D. in 1992.He served in the Navy for 11 years, receiving the Meritorious Service Medal and attaining the rank of lieutenant commander by the time of his honorable discharge in 1999. His tours of duty included staff internist for the U.S. Congress, medical department head aboard the USS El Paso, and chief resident at Bethesda Naval Hospital. He moved to Arizona after his discharge from the Navy, taking over part of his father's medical practice. Jasser frequently writes and talks about the issue of political Islam. James Woolsey former head of the CIA and Seth Liebsohn, author and radio show host describe him as "the kind of man our government should listen to." Jasser utilizes his commentating, speaking engagements, and media appearances "to press Muslim leaders to aggressively oppose a 'culture of separatism.'" On March 10, 2011, <mask> appeared as a witness at the first in a series of hearings conducted by the United States House Committee on Homeland Security on "The Extent of Radicalization in the American Muslim Community and the Community's Response."<mask>'s testimony focused on how the polarization of American views of the Muslim community are an obstacle to reform within the faith. During his testimony he said that American Muslim organizations had been "circling the wagons" and have too frequently cautioned Muslims against speaking to law enforcement without a lawyer present. He also said that political Islam was based on the idea that the government should be run under Islamic law, which he said violated the American concept of separation of church and state. On June 24, 2011, Jasser appeared before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution to testify in favor of H.R. 963, the "See Something, Say Something" Act. <mask>'s medical practice is in Phoenix, Arizona, and he resides in Scottsdale, Arizona, with

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 his wife and three children, who are being raised as Muslims. Views on Islam
<mask> describes himself as a devout Muslim who believes that "America in fact provides the best atmosphere for Muslims to practice our faith."He does not claim to be a formal expert in Koranic Arabic, or in sharia (Islamic jurisprudence), but he "see[s] Islam (consistent with 'Ijtihad,' the tradition of critical interpretation of Islamic scripture) as applicable in the modern world and subject to logic and reason." Jasser began criticizing American Muslim organizations including the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), the Islamic Society of North America, the North American Imams Federation, the Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America, Muslim Students' Association, the Muslim Public Affairs Council, the Muslim American Society, the Islamic Circle of North America, and the Center for the Study of Islam and Democracy, because he sees them as Islamist, meaning they support a mixing of Islam and politics. He has been especially critical of CAIR, a Muslim American civil rights group that, according to Jasser, is focused  on "victimology" and does not adequately condemn the goals of the terrorist groups. A CAIR official has responded, "[W]ith these people, nothing we would do would satisfy them" and going so far as to claim that <mask> is "a mere sock puppet for Islam haters." Jasser has also engaged in interfaith activities, serving on the board of the Arizona Interfaith Movement; helping to found an Arizona-based organization called The Children of Abraham, a Jewish-Muslim dialogue group in 2000, and a chapter of Seeds of Peace in 2003. Jasser has said that he and his family have helped build a number of small mosques in different cities using locally raised funds, and at times encountering, but always overcoming local opposition. In 2010 Jasser strongly opposed the building of the Park51 project, a 13-story Islamic community center and mosque two blocks from the World Trade Center site, which is also known as Ground Zero.He

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 said he was concerned that the funding of the $100 million project might be coming from foreign Islamist sources, and also said: "Ground Zero is purely about being American. It can never be about being Muslim." Jasser believes acts of Islamic terrorism are rooted in the ideology of political Islam or Islamism. He has expressed the opinion that the 2009 Christmas Day attempted airplane bombing, the 2009 Fort Hood shooting, and the 2010 Times Square car bombing attempt have not prodded the United States into the appropriate action, but rather have resulted in politically correct denial by U.S. government authorities, and inaction by most American Muslims. He believes that even the Bush administration took inadequate measures against Islamism in America. He says the U.S. needs to provide alternatives for Muslim youth and promote reformist groups. In his television appearances, Jasser has claimed that 3 to 5 percent of U.S. Muslims are militant and 30 to 40 percent do not believe in separation of mosque and state.He also states that he believes many Western Muslim imams are too timid in their response to Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant seemingly both criticizing but also sympathizing with its goal of a caliphate stating "Clearly, the majority of the mosques in the United States are led by imams who are Islamists — who believe that in Muslim-majority countries that the state should be identified as an Islamic state." Views on Israel

<mask>er and a group of American Muslims founded the nonprofit American Islamic Forum for Democracy (AIFD) in 2003 with the goal of demonstrating the compatibility of Islam with democracy and American values. <mask> is the group's president and chief spokesman. The AIFD supports separation of religion and state, religious pluralism, equality of the sexes, the unconditional recognition of Israel, and the creation of an independent Palestine "on the current 'occupied territories.'" The organization rejects terrorism and any justification for it. Documentaries
<mask> has

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 contributed to four documentaries.He appeared in the PBS film Islam v Islamists: Voices from the Muslim Center, which PBS suppressed after pressure from Muslim organizations. He was the main narrator in the Clarion Fund film, The Third Jihad, which opens with Jasser stating, "This is not a film about Islam. It is about the threat of radical Islam. Only a small percentage of the world's 1.3 billion Muslims are radical. This film is about them." Third Jihad'''s promotional materials state that "radical Islamists driven by a religiously motivated rejection of western values cultures and religion are engaging in a multifaceted strategy to overcome the western world." The film stirred controversy, with the New Republic stating the producer of the film has ties to the Israeli settlement movement.Although Jasser has said he does not agree with everything in the film, he supports the overall message. Jasser also appeared in the 2010 Newt Gingrich film, America At Risk: The War With No Name, a production of Citizens United. The film's promotional materials state that "we are long overdue for a serious global strategy in fighting terrorism and the ideology behind it. We must have the courage to tell the truth and to act on that truth." It has been described as "anti-Obama" by The Nation. <mask> also appeared in the Fox News documentary Fox Reporting: A Question of Honor, which examines the killing of Noor Al-Maleki in Peoria, Arizona, by her father, Falah Al-Maleki, and his subsequent trial. Reception
According to the Washington Post, "In some ways, <mask> Jasser doesn't match the profile of the typical Muslim American.He's an active Republican who has supported the U.S. wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, is an advocate for Israel and says his faith harbors 'an insidious supremacism.'" According to the progressive magazine Mother Jones, "Jasser has lately become the right's go-to guy when it comes to providing cover for policies or positions that many Muslim Americans contend are discriminatory. When controversy over


title: Storm Jameson

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<mask> (8 January 1891 – 30 September 1986) was an English journalist and author, known for her novels and reviews and for her work as President of English PEN between 1938 and 1944. Life and career
<mask> was born in Whitby, Yorkshire, in 1891, the eldest child of sea captain and former shipbuilder <mask> and his wife Hannah Margaret Galilee, from a family of wealthy Whitby shipbuilders; she briefly attended school at the Scarborough Municipal, before studying at the University of Leeds. Graduating first in her year, she won a scholarship to King's College, London King's College London in 1914. It was during this time that she began seriously to write, producing her first novel The Pot Boils in 1919. Her dissertation on 'Modern Drama in Europe' was also published in 1920 to significant critical acclaim. It expressed, for the first time, her interest in European literature and her sense of its impact on Britain. She went on to write 48 novels, three autobiographies, several screenplays and a wealth of journalistic articles for national and international publications.<mask> was President of the English branch of PEN International from 1938 until ill-health forced her to retire in 1944. She remained an active member and PEN International Vice President until her death in 1986. During her time as President she founded the PEN Refugee Writers Fund, which helped hundreds of refugee writers and their families to flee occupied Europe during World War Two. She also worked to try to bridge gaps within PEN during the Cold War, working to keep Communist states within the organisation in order to allow PEN to protect writers rights in countries where many were being challenged and even killed. Additionally, she was a founding
member of

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texts: the Peace Pledge Union. although she recanted her views in the mid-1930s believing that war was the only way forward to what she hoped would be a fairer and more equal Europe. <mask> became active in politics at University and remained a committed socialist throughout her life, but her distrust of "groupthink" and passion for the rights of free expression and the liberty of the individual prevented her from following any of the political creeds that were in vogue at the time: <mask> was never a communist, a fascist or, really, a pacifist.<mask>'s collection of novellas, Women Against Men, was admired by The Times reviewer, Harold Strauss, who stated, "So completely is she the master of her art, so instinctively the craftsman, so superlatively the selective artist, that a restrained evaluation of her work is difficult for a student of the novel." <mask> wrote the introduction to the 1952 British edition of The Diary of Anne Frank. <mask>'s novel Last Score was praised by Ben Ray Redman in the Saturday Review of Literature. Redman described Last Score as "one of <mask>'s best" and stated "it is the complex web of human relationships that give this novel its breadth and depth". While her work was highly praised in her lifetime and she was a well-known figure, working at PEN with H.G. Wells, E.M. Forster, Rebecca West, and countless others, <mask>'s work and achievements were largely forgotten by critics and readers alike. Her reputation and her work has been significant recovered in recent years, thanks to the work of female scholars like Jennifer Birkett, Phyllis Lassner, Chiara Briganti and Elizabeth Maslen.A biography by Jennifer Birkett, professor of French Studies at Birmingham University, was published by the Oxford

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 University Press in March 2009. A second biography, Elizabeth Maslen's Life in the Writings of Storm Jameson: A Biography, was published in 2014 by Northwestern University Press. A critical study by Katherine Cooper, War, Nation and Europe in the Novels of <mask> Jameson was published by Bloomsbury Academic in 2020. The rebuilt Charles Morris Halls of the University of Leeds now have a building named after her, Storm Jameson Court. Katherine Cooper, War, Nation and Europe in the Novels of Storm Jameson (London: Bloomsbury, 2020)
 Elizabeth Maslen, Life in the Writings of Storm Jameson (Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2014). References

External links

1891 births
1986 deaths
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Alumni of King's College London
English science fiction writers
English socialists
English anti-fascists
People from Whitby
20th-century English


title: Livio Melina

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<mask> (born August 18, 1952 in Adria, Italy) is a priest of the Catholic Church and an Italian theologian. Biography
<mask> was born in Adria in 1952. Since high school, he has been a member of the ecclesial Communion and Liberation movement and was one of its initiators in Veneto. <mask> completed a degree in philosophy at the University of Padua in 1975, and then entered the seminary of the diocese of Adria. He was ordained a priest on June 21, 1980. In 1982 he obtained a Licentiate in Moral Theology (STL) from the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome, and in October 1985 a Doctorate in Theology (STD) from the Pontifical Lateran University with the dissertation Ratio practica, scientia moralis e prudentia. Linee di riflessione sul Commento di San Tommaso all'Etica Nicomachea written under the direction of Professor Carlo Caffarra.From October 1984 to October 1991 he worked as an assistant of studies at the Doctrinal Session of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, under the direction of then Card. Joseph Ratzinger. In 1991 he became a tenured professor of Fundamental Moral Theology at the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family. In 1997 he started The International Research Group on Moral Theology (Area Internazionale di Ricerca in Teologia Morale) and has been directing it since then. In 2002 he became Vice President of the Central Session of the Institute. In 2006 Benedict XVI nominated <mask> as President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family, where he is also a tenured Professor of moral theology, and in 2010

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title: Livio Melina

texts:
 renewed the nomination. <mask> is a Visiting Professor in Washington DC (United States of America) and Melbourne (Australia).He has given lectures and conferences in France, Spain, Great Britain, Switzerland, India, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile. Since 2007 he has been an ordinary member of the Pontifical Academy of Theology. He was Scientific Director of the review Anthropotes, a member of the consultant committee of the international review Communio, and cooperates with other  international reviews such as The Thomist, La scuola cattolica, Medicina e morale, La società, Il nuovo aeropago, Logos. He is also a corresponding member of the Académie d'Education et d'Etudes Sociales in Paris. <mask>, who received the honorary title of Monsignor from John Paul II, is considered, in Catholic circles, to be one of the greatest exponents of moral theology and bioethics. On August 17, 2016, it was announced that <mask> had stepped down as President of the Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family. Works
In addition to numerous articles, he has written, co-authored, and edited numerous books, including:

 La conoscenza morale.Linee di riflessione sul Commento di san Tommaso all'Etica Nicomachea, Città Nuova, Roma, 1987, . Morale: tra crisi e rinnovamento. Gli assoluti morali, l'opzione fondamentale, la formazione della coscienza, Ares, Milano, 1993, , translated in French, 1995, Spanish, 1996 and 1998. Corso di bioetica. Il Vangelo della vita, Piemme, Casale Monferrato, 1996, . Amor conjugal y vocación a la santidad, Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile,

masks: Melina Melina Melina


title: Livio Melina

texts:
 Press, Venezia, 2006,
 Amore coniugale e vocazione alla santità, Effatà Editrice, Cantalupa (TO), 2006,  (with J.Lafitte)
 AA.VV., Lo splendore della vita. Vangelo, scienza ed etica. Prospettive della bioetica a dieci anni da 'Evangelium Vitae', Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Città del Vaticano, 2006,  (edited by <mask> <mask>, Elio Sgreccia and Stephan Kampowski)
 Una luz para el obrar. Experiencia moral, caridad y acción cristiana, Palabra, Madrid, 2006,  (with Juan José Pérez-Soba e José Noriega). La via dell'amore. Riflessioni sull'Enciclica 'Deus caritas est' di Benedetto XVI, RAI-ERI, Roma, 2006,  (with Carl A. Anderson). AA.VV., Amare l'amore umano.L'eredità di Giovanni Paolo II sul matrimonio e la famiglia, Cantagalli, Siena, 2007,  (edited by <mask> <mask> and Stanislaw Grygiel). Camminare nella luce dell'amore. I fondamenti della morale cristiana. Manuale di teologia cattolica, Cantagalli, Siena, 2008, ; Spanish edition, Palabra, Madrid, 2007,  (with Juan José Pérez-Soba and José Noriega). Azione: epifania dell'amore. La morale cristiana oltre il moralismo e l'antimoralismo, Cantagalli, Siena, 2008, . Imparare ad amare.Alla scuola di Giovanni Paolo II e di Benedetto XVI, Cantagalli, Siena, 2009, . Liebe auf katholisch. Ein Handbuch für heute, Sankt Ulrich  Verlag, Augsburg, 2009,
 The Epiphany of Love: Toward a Theological Understanding of Christian Action, Ressourcement series, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, Grand Rapids, 2010. Building a Culture of the Family: The Language of Love, Foreword by Scott Hahn, St. Pauls – Alba House, New York City, 201, . Learning to Love: in the School of

masks: Livio Melina Livio Melina


title: Livio Melina

texts:
 John Paul II and Benedict XVI, Connorcourt, Ballan 2011. Come insegnare Teologia Morale?Prospettive di rinnovamento nelle recenti proposte di esposizione sistematica, Cantagalli, Siena 2009 (ed. by <mask> <mask> e Stephan Kampowski). Il criterio della natura e il futuro della famiglia, Cantagalli, Siena 2011(edited by <mask> <mask>). Una via sempre attuale: l’intuizione sorgiva del pontificato del Beato Giovanni Paolo II, Atti del Congresso “Verso Cristo”. A 30 anni da Redemptor hominis. Attualità di una via all’uomo, “Anthropotes”, XXVII (1/2011) Cantagalli, Siena 2011 (edited by <mask> <mask> e Carl Anderson). Famiglia e nuova evangelizzazione: la chiave dell’annuncio, Cantagalli, Siena 2012.(edited by <mask> <mask> e José Granados). La soggettività morale del corpo (VS 48)",  Cantagalli, Siena 2012 (edited by <mask> <mask> e Juan José Pérez-Soba). Amare nella differenza. Le forme della sessualità e il pensiero cattolico: studio interdisciplinare, Cantagalli- Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Siena - Città del Vaticano 2012 (edited by <mask> <mask> e Sergio Belardinelli); Spanish translation: BAC, Madrid 2013. La roccia e la casa. Socialità, bene comune e famiglia, San Paolo Edizioni, 2013. I primi anni del matrimonio.La sfida pastorale di un periodo bello e difficile (edited by L. <mask>),  Cantagalli, Siena 2014. References

External links
 Biography on Pontifical John Paul II Institute for Studies on Marriage and Family web site. Amare l'amore umano. L'eredità di Wojtyla, Tracce, n°6, 2006

1952 births
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
Living people
21st-century Italian Roman Catholic

masks: Livio Melina Livio Melina Livio Melina Livio Melina Livio Melina Livio Melina Melina