title: George Zoritch

texts: Jane Deering to "Slightly Less Than Wonderful." 1944. Rhapsody. An operetta with book by Leonard Louis Levenson and Arnold Sundgaard, music by Fritz Kreisler, and choreography by David Lichine.<mask> danced with Patricia Bowman in "Chinese Porcelain Ballet" in act 1 and "Midnight Ballet" in act 2. 1946. Night and Day. A fictionalized biopic of Cole Porter, directed by Michael Curtiz and starring Cary Grant and Alexis Smith. <mask> danced with Milada Mladova in a sultry "Begin the Beguine." 1947. Escape Me Never.A musical love story set in 1900 Venice, with Errol Flynn, Ida Lupino, Eleanor Parker, and Gig Young, who plays a composer of a ballet score. <mask> dances the male lead in the ballet. 1949. Samson and Delilah. A Cecil B. DeMille epic, starring Victor Mature and Hedy Lamarr as the biblical lovers. <mask> was eye-catching as the Sword Dancer. 1949.Look for the Silver Lining. A fictionalized biopic of vaudeville and Broadway star Marilyn Miller, starring June Haver, Ray Bolger, and Gordon MacRae. <mask> appears in a balletic pas de trois with June Haver and Oleg Tupine while Gordon MacRae sings the waltz song "A Kiss in the Dark," written by Victor Herbert with lyrics by Buddy da Sylva. 1950. Pardon Our French. A musical revue with sketches by Ole Olson and Chic Johnson, music by Victor Young and Harry Sukman, and dances by various choreographers. <mask> appeared as the Shadow Dancer in the opening number to the title tune; as the First Lover of Patricia Denise in "Venezia and Her Three Lovers," choreographed by Ernst Matray; and as a dancer in "A Face in

masks: Zoritch Zoritch Zoritch Zoritch Zoritch Zoritch


title: George Zoritch

type: original

texts:
 the Crowd" and "The Polker Polka."1956. Helen of Troy. A Technicolor epic directed by Robert Wise, with Rossana Podestá in the title role. <mask> appears as an uncredited dancer. Of <mask>'s performance in Night and Day, a writer in the Hollywood Reporter commented, "If the handsome <mask> can act the way he dances and looks, there is another new-name star from this film. : Unfortunately, <mask> never shed his thick Russian accent, which doomed his chances of ever taking speaking parts. Back to ballet
In 1951, <mask> went to France and joined Le Grand Ballet du Marquis de Cuevas.Based in Cannes in summer and Deauville in winter, this company had regular seasons in Paris and often toured in France and other countries of western Europe. Wherever it performed, it was extremely popular with audiences. It had an illustrious roster of ballerinas, including Tamara Toumanova, Alicia Markova, and Nathalie Krassovska, and a strong repertory of Russian classics as well as works by Harold Lander, <mask>e, <mask>, and John Taras. <mask> danced the princely roles but was often cast in works that showcased the beauty of his physical features rather than the artistry of his dancing. He once took eighteen curtain calls after a performance of Le Spectre de la Rose, in a new version choreographed by Bronislava Nijinska. Costumed as the Spectre in a sheer, rose-colored body stocking with a single strand of small roses trailing across his bare chest and over one shoulder, his beautifully proportioned figure was perfectly revealed. It is little wonder at the audience's prolonged

masks:
Zoritch
Zoritch
Zoritch
Zoritch
Zoritch
George Balanchin
George Skibine
Zoritch


title: George Zoritch

texts: applause.There is a famous photograph by Maurice Seymour of <mask> in this role, standing in repose with arms curved softly aloft, that has been much admired and frequently reproduced. In 1957, at age 40, <mask> returned to the United States and rejoined Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, then under the direction of Sergei Denham. He soon demonstrated that he was, in the words of Walter Terry, "the perfect cavalier" for the company's current ballerinas and distinguished guests such as Alicia Alonso and Yvette Chauviré. Ann Barzel supported this judgment, claiming that <mask>'s "elegance was the backbone of the classics" in the company repertory. These included Giselle, The Nutcracker, Raymonda, and act 2 of Swan Lake. Basides these Russian classics, <mask> excelled in other works in the repertory. He was particularly acclaimed as the Poet in Michel Fokine's Romantic reverie Les Sylphides, set to the music of Frédéric Chopin.In the course of his long career, <mask>'s most famous role, however, was in a revolutionary work created in the early twentieth century: Vaslav Nijinsky's L'Après-midi d'un Faune, set to Claude Debussy's symphonic poem in 1912. Debussy's Prélude à l'Après-midi d'un Faune (1894), inspired by an 1876 poem of Stéphane Mallarmé, was considered by some music historians as "the beginning of modern music." Nijinsky's choreography was certainly new and modern, very different from previously seen forms of theatrical dance. <mask> was ideally suited to reinterpret Nijinsky's vision of a lusty young woodland creature lounging in the heat of a summer

masks:
Zoritch
Zoritch
Zoritch
Zoritch
Zoritch
George Zoritch


title: George Zoritch

texts:
 afternoon. With a figure that had been likened to "a Greek youth sculpted by Praxiteles," he projected an elegant eroticism particularly suited to the role. Later years
Having become an American citizen, <mask> settled down in his new, adopted country and moved gradually from performing to teaching. He played an important part in the growth of regional ballet across the United States but remained associated with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo until 1962, when the company was dissolved.In 1964, he opened a ballet school in West Hollywood, California, where he exercised strict discipline and often employed sarcasm in giving corrections to his pupils. Finding children disagreeable, he preferred older students, to whom he gave master classes. Leaving California, he joined the dance faculty at the University of Arizona in Tucson. He established a home there and taught at the university from 1972 to 1987. He never really stopped teaching. Amazingly spry and upright even in old age, he had been known to teach from a wheelchair if the opportunity arose. In 1994, he was a recipient of a Vaslav Nijinsky Medal, sponsored by the Polish Artists Agency in Warsaw, for work in honor of Nijinsky, referring to his performances of Nijinsky's roles in Le Spectre de la Rose and L'Après-midi d'un Faune.In his memoir, <mask> readily acknowledged that he was not a bravura technician. Declaring that artistry was more important than technique for dancers like him, he wrote, "Good ballet dancing is not simply a gathering of a vocabulary of steps; it is more like a good conversation,

masks: Zoritch Zoritch


title: George Zoritch

texts:
 having theme and meaning. None of us older dancers enjoyed the phenomenal techniques displayed by today's dancers. We enjoyed, however, a mood, a quality, and artistry, which comes from keen individual perception." <mask>'s personality, charm, and wisdom survive delightfully in the 2005 documentary film Ballets Russes'', a priceless reunion of the survivors from the post-Diaghilev days. Four years later, in 2009, he was hospitalized after a fall in his home in Tucson. He died in November, at age 92, beloved by former colleagues and students alike.References

1917 births
2009 deaths
American male ballet dancers
Russian male ballet dancers
Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo dancers
Soviet expatriates in France
Soviet emigrants to the United States
LGBT dancers
20th-century LGBT people
20th-century American ballet


title: George Hockham

texts:
<mask>  FREng FIET (7 December 1938 – 16 September 2013) was a British engineer. He worked for over 40 years in theoretical analysis and design techniques applied to the solution of electromagnetic problems covering many different antenna types for radar, electronic warfare and communication systems. He coauthored the original paper on the application of cladded glass fibre as a transmission medium. Biography
Born in Epsom, Surrey, <mask> received a BSc (Eng) degree from the Regent Street Polytechnic in 1961, and a PhD in 1969 from the Queen Mary University of London. He worked for over 40 years in theoretical analysis and design techniques applied to the solution of electromagnetic problems covering many different antenna types for radar, electronic warfare and communication systems. <mask> also contributed significantly to the development of optical fibres for long distance communications systems. He proposed and published, together with a colleague Professor K. C. Kao, in 1966 the original paper on the application of the cladded glass fibre as the transmission medium – "Dielectric-fibre surface waveguides for optical frequencies" – for which he received the Rank Prize in Opto-Electronics in 1978.He is the holder of 16 scientific/technical patents and authored and co-authored 26 papers published in professional journals. He was previously Technical Director of Thorn EMI Electronics, Sensors Group, Technical Director in Plessey Radar, Director of Technology Plessey Electronics Systems and Manager of the Antenna and Microwave Laboratory, ITT Gilfillan, Los Angeles, Member of Advisory committees to the MoD and Academia and a Visiting Professor at Queen Mary, University of London. Family and hobbies
<mask> <mask> was born in 1938 in Epsom, Surrey, the only

masks:
George Alfred Hockham
Hockham
Hockham
George Alfred
Hockham


title: George Hockham

texts:
 child of <mask> and <mask> (née Elliott). His parents moved to Enfield when he was 6 months old and that is where he spent his childhood and early adulthood. He attended the local Albany Boys' Secondary School and later Regent Street Polytechnic where he obtained a BSc in Electrical Engineering. He started work at STL Harlow as a young graduate engineer in 1961. He met his wife Mary in 1962 and they were married in 1964.Following his marriage he produced the most creative and productive work of his life. Two daughters and two sons were born in the next nine years. Cyril Connolly may well have deemed the pram in the hall the enemy of creativity but <mask> co-authored the paper that started it all in 1966. Fibre optics has changed the modern communications world. <mask> was a keen swimmer in his youth and swam for his school and county. He later swam for STL Harlow in inter-companies competitions. He was also an enthusiastic member of the Regent Street Polytechnic Water Polo team during his undergraduate days – some would say too enthusiastic, spending more time in the water than at study.On giving up swimming he took up amateur motor cycle racing . He was a keen follower of Motor cycle racing and Formula 1 car racing. Awards and achievements
 Authored and co-authored 26 papers published in professional journals, including what is widely reported as the pioneering paper in fibre optics in 1966 the original paper – Dielectric Fibre Surface Waveguides for Optical Frequencies – with Charles Kao. PhD from University of London (1969)
 BSc(Eng) Regent Street Polytechnic (1961)
 Featured in BBC programme Tomorrow's World
 Rank Prize for Opto-Electronics 6 March 1978
 Visiting Professor Queen Mary, University of London
 Honorary Professor Beijing University of

masks:
George
Elizabeth Hockham
Hockham
Hockham


title: George Hockham

texts:
 Posts and Telecommunications in the field of Microwave and Lightwave Communication (2008)
 Featured in Science Museum (London)
 Featured in British Genius Exhibition (1977)
 Fellow Institution of Electrical Engineers (1987)
 Fellow Royal Academy of Engineering (1995)
 Holder of 16 scientific / technical patents

Work history
Hockham joined Standard Telecommunication Laboratories (STL) in Harlow following graduation in September 1961 working in the Microwave laboratory under Professor A E Karbowiak. The work here was on Trunk communication systems. During this period with the advent of the LASER there was now available an optical coherent source. By adopting optical frequencies that allowed much higher bandwidth for the transmission of information and the emphasis switched to one of finding a suitable optical waveguide.Several options were considered, the thin film waveguide proposed by Karbowiak which <mask> worked on but had the limitation that the electromagnetic field could not be contained laterally and proved to be of limited use. Another colleague investigated a confocal lens system. This comprised a periodic array of lenses displaced longitudinally where in theory the light beam was focused periodically. This too proved to be unacceptable as the whole structure had to be contained within a controlled environment e.g. as soon as the temperature changed along the axis the beam was directed away from the axial direction and the light beam was lost- another failure. At this time Professor Karbowiak left STL in 1964 and took up a position at the University of New South Wales in Sydney. Charles K. Kao was transferred into the group and he started looking at other options in particular the fibre.Hockham started looking at the theoretical aspects in


title: Basil Hall

texts:
<mask>  (31 December 1788 – 11 September 1844) was a British naval officer from Scotland, a traveller, and an author. He was the second son of Sir <mask>, 4th Baronet, an eminent man of science. Biography
Although his family home was at Dunglass, Haddingtonshire (now East Lothian), <mask> was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. He was educated at the Royal High School and joined the Royal Navy in 1802, being commissioned a Lieutenant in 1808, and later rising to the rank of captain. <mask> served aboard many vessels involved in exploration and scientific and diplomatic missions. From the beginning of his naval career he had been encouraged by his father to keep a journal, which later became the source for a series of books and publications describing his travels. While serving aboard , <mask> witnessed Sir John Moore being carried dying from the Battle of Corunna.It was also aboard the Endymion that <mask> met William Howe De Lancey, who later married <mask>'s sister Magdalene. De Lancey was struck by a cannonball at the Battle of Waterloo, and it was for her brother that Magdalene wrote A Week at Waterloo in 1815, a poignant narrative describing how she nursed him in his final days. In 1810 he voyaged to Rockall aboard the Endymion and in 1811 was part of the first landing party there. His hazardous exploits in returning with this party were described in Fragments of Voyages and Travels. In 1813, <mask> published along with Professor John Playfair a description of the granitic intrusions within the sedimentary sandstone structures that he saw in the

masks:
Basil Hall
James Hall
Basil Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall
Hall


title: Basil Hall

texts: Platteklip Gorge near the Table Mountain in the Cape of Good Hope. The phenomenon was re-examined at another location called as the Green Point Contact by Charles Darwin in 1836. <mask> explored Java in 1813 and as a part of a diplomatic mission to China under Lord Amherst in 1816 undertook surveys of the west coast of Korea and the outlying Ryukyu Islands of Japan.This resulted in his book Account of a Voyage of Discovery to the West Coast of Corea and the Great Loo-Choo Island in the Japan Sea (1818), which was one of the first descriptions of Korea by a European. <mask>'s journals also provide one of the few accounts of the wreck of the Arniston in 1815, which gave its name to the seaside town of Arniston, South Africa. As a captain, he was very critical of the fact that this ship did not have a marine chronometer with which to calculate longitude, and attributed the great loss of life directly to this false economy. In 1817 he also took the opportunity to interview Napoleon (who had been an acquaintance of his father) on St. Helena. <mask> took command of  in May 1820 and in August he sailed her to the west coast of South America. He returned to England in spring 1823 and Conway was paid off. His journals of this period became the book, Extracts from a Journal Written on the Coasts of Chile, Peru and Mexico (1823).Following his retirement from the navy in 1823, <mask> was married on 1 March 1825 to Margaret Congalton (d. 1876), the youngest daughter of Sir John Hunter, Consul-General in Spain by his spouse Elizabeth Barbara, sister to Sir William

masks: Hall Hall Hall Hall


title: Basil Hall

texts:
 Arbuthnot, 1st Baronet. <mask> and Congalton also had daughter, Eliza, who married Admiral William Charles Chamberlain. In 1826, when Sir Walter Scott was sunk in depression following his wife's death and financial ruin, it was <mask> who organised a trip to Naples for Scott, managing to persuade the government to place a ship at his disposal. In 1828 he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Honorary Academician. Also that year, <mask> and his wife embarked on a two-year tour of North America. In 1828, part of their route saw them travel over land from Charleston, South Carolina, then along the Savannah River by canoe from the ferry landing. They stayed at City Hotel in Savannah, Georgia, a city that <mask> found "showy".He "liked the view of the city from the river, the plentiful trees, but did not approve of the wide streets that afforded so little shade". In 1829 <mask> published Travels in North America, which caused some offence due to his criticisms of American society. His best-known work was The Fragments of Voyages and Travels (9 volumes, 1831–1840), originally released as three yearly series of eight volumes each.ES 2006. He also contributed to the Encyclopædia Britannica and wrote scientific papers on subjects as varied as trade winds, the geology of Table Mountain and a comet he observed in Chile. Suffering from mental illness, <mask> was detained in the Royal Hospital Haslar in Portsmouth, where he died in 1844, aged 55. Bibliography

 Account of a Voyage of Discovery to the West Coast of Corea and the Great Loo-Choo Island in

masks: Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall Hall


title: Basil Hall

texts:
 the Japan Sea (1818)
 Extracts From a Journal Written on the Coasts of Chili, Peru, and    Mexico in the years 1820, 1821, 1822  (1824)
 Travels in North America in 1827-28 (1829)
 Fragments of Voyages and Travels (1831–1833)
 A Winter in Lower Styria (1836)
 Spain and the Seat of War in Spain (1837)
 Patchwork Vol. I-III (1841)
 Travels in India, Ceylon and Borneo

Notes

References
 Burke, John; Burke, John Bernard (1848).Royal Families of England, Scotland, and Wales, with Their Descendants, Sovereigns and Subjects. Vol. 1. London: E. Churton, pedigree CXXVI. <mask>, <mask> (1825). "GD206/2/545" (archived letter). National Archives of Scotland.A letter from Captain <mask>, R. N., to John Tod, Esq., concerning the announcement of his marriage to Margaret, youngest daughter of late Sir John Hunter, Consul General in Spain, on 1 March 1825. Martine, John; Wilson, E. J., ed. (1894). Reminiscences and Notices of Ten Parishes of the County of Haddington. Haddington: W. Sinclair, p. 215. External links
 Account of a voyage of discovery to the west coast of Corea and the great Loo-Choo island by Captain <mask>, 1788-1844 and Herbert John Clifford. Illustrations and maps, published London, 1818.Forty Etchings, from Sketches Made with the Camera Lucida, in North America... From the Rare Book and Special Collections Division at the Library of Congress

1788 births
1844 deaths
Military personnel from Edinburgh
People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
Royal Navy officers
Younger sons of baronets
Fellows of the Royal Society
Scottish diarists
Scottish

masks:
Hall
Basil
Basil Hall
Basil Hall


title: John Momis

texts:
<mask> (born 3 March 1942) is a Bougainvillean politician who served as the President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea between 2010 and 2020. <mask> served as a Catholic priest from 1970 until 1993, becoming active in politics and elected to the assembly in the 1970s. He was a co-writer of the Constitution of Papua New Guinea and worked to establish a secessionist organization in what was then North Solomons Province. After it was confirmed as a province, he returned to national politics. Following the end of the civil war, he was appointed as the governor of Bougainville from 1999 until 2005. He was Papua New Guinea's ambassador to  China from 2007 to 2010. <mask> defeated his predecessor James Tanis and five other challengers by a landslide in the 2010 presidential election, in which he was a candidate of the New Bougainville Party.was sworn in as President of Bougainville on June 10, 2010, for a five-year term. He was reelected for a second five year-term in the general elections in May 2015. Early life
<mask> was born in Salamaua, Morobe Province, in the colonial Territory of New Guinea. Some sources list <mask>'s birth year as 1942. However, most media sources cite <mask>'s age as 71 years at the time of his election as President of Bougainville in June 2010, which places his birth year at approximately 1938 or 1939. <mask> attended Buin Primary School in Bougainville and St. Brendan's College, located in Yeppoon, Queensland, Australia. In 1963, <mask> entered Holy Spirit Seminary, a Roman Catholic seminary in Madang.He was ordained a Roman Catholic priest in 1970. He remained a Catholic priest until 1993, when he was granted an official dispensation to leave the priesthood. <mask> married

masks:
John Momis
Momis
Momis
John Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis


title: John Momis

texts:
 Elizabeth, and remains a devout Roman Catholic to the present day. <mask> is considered to be a native of South Bougainville, which continued to be unstable politically in the 21st century. Political career
<mask> became active in politics while serving as a Catholic priest. In 1972, he was elected as a member of North Solomons, as Bougainville was known at the time, to colonial Papua New Guinea's first representative assembly, the House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea. <mask> chaired the constitutional committee, which wrote and drafted Papua New Guinea's national constitution, from 1972 until 1975.Papua New Guinea gained independence from Australia in 1975. Shortly before independence, <mask> resigned his seat in the PNG parliament to establish a secessionist organization in North Solomons (Bougainville). However, <mask> quickly returned to national Papuan politics after North Solomons was established as a province with a provincial government within Papua New Guinea. In 1977, <mask> was re-elected to the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea as a member from North Solomons. He soon co-founded the new Melanesian Alliance Party with <mask>in. <mask> initially supported Prime Minister Michael Somare's first coalition government (1975-1980) and was appointed Minister for Decentralization in Somare's government. He remained PNG's Minister for Decentralization until 1982, including two years in the government of Prime Minister Julius Chan.In March 1980, <mask> had joined with other members of parliament from North Solomons (Bougainville) to support a successful vote of no confidence in Michael Somare. Chan became Prime Minister after Somare's ouster. Prime Minister Michael Somare returned to power for a second time in

masks:
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
John Kaput
Momis
Momis


title: John Momis

texts:
 March 1985. Somare appointed <mask> as both Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Public Service. <mask> held a number of positions in the Papua New Guinean parliament over the next decade, including Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 1985 until 1987 and again from 1987 to 1988; Minister for Provincial Affairs from 1988 until 1992 in the government of Prime Minister Rabbie Namaliu; Shadow Minister for Bougainville Affairs in 1992; Shadow Minister for Provincial Affairs in 1993; Deputy Leader of the Opposition in 1994; and Minister of Information and Communication in 1994. <mask> was appointed as the Governor of Bougainville, serving from December 9, 1999, until April 20, 2005. He resigned as governor in 2005 to contest Bougainville's first presidential election that year.He ultimately lost the election to Bougainville's first president, Joseph Kabui. President of Bougainville

In 2010, <mask> resigned his post as Papua New Guinea's ambassador to the People's Republic of China to contest the 2010 presidential election. He was also chosen as the leader of the New Bougainville Party in January 2010. <mask> contested the election against incumbent President James Tanis and five other challengers. Voting for the election began on May 7, 2010, and ended May 24, 2010. On Tuesday, June 8, 2010, at 2:30 p.m. <mask> was declared the winner and president-elect of Bougainville in a landslide victory over President James Tanis and the other presidential candidates. <mask> won 43,047 votes, or 52.35% of the total popular votes cast in the election.His closest challenger, incumbent President James Tanis, received estimated 17,205 votes. <mask> won the popular vote in both South Bougainville and Tanis' home region of Central

masks:
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
John Momis
Momis
Momis


title: John Momis

texts:
 Bougainville. <mask> was sworn into office for a 5-year term as President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville on June 10, 2010, at the Parliament house. The oath of office was administered by Peter Toliken, Bougainville's Chief Magistrate. On the day of his inauguration, <mask> appointed Patrick Nisira as Vice President of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville. <mask> stated that his first priorities in office were to fight political corruption and to arrange disposal of the large number of weapons and unexploded ordnance left over from Bougainville's long war. Analysts view <mask> as more in favor of continued autonomy and continued integration with Papua New Guinea, while <mask>'s predecessor, James Tanis, supported full independence.References

External links
Former governor <mask> takes on Bougainville party leadership
President <mask> with his Cabinet

1942 births
20th-century Roman Catholic clergy
Ambassadors of Papua New Guinea to China
Grand Companions of the Order of Logohu
Living people
Melanesian Alliance Party politicians
Members of the House of Assembly of Papua and New Guinea
Members of the National Parliament of Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinean Roman Catholic priests
Bougainvillean Roman Catholic priests
Presidents of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville
Laicized Roman Catholic

masks:
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
Momis
John Momis


title: Hsinbyushin

texts: <mask> (, , ; ; 12 September 1736 – 10 June 1776) was king of the Konbaung dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1763 to 1776. The second son of the dynasty founder Alaungpaya is best known for his wars with China and Siam, and is considered the most militaristic king of the dynasty. His successful defense against four Chinese invasions preserved Burmese independence. His invasion of Siam (1765–1767) ended Siam's Ayutthaya Dynasty. The near simultaneous victories over China and Siam has been referred to as testimony "to a truly astonishing elan unmatched since Bayinnaung." He also raised the Shwedagon Pagoda to its current height in April 1775. The deputy commander-in-chief during his father's reunification campaigns (1752–1759), <mask> as king pursued an expansionist policy against his neighbors.By 1767, his armies had put down a rebellion in Manipur, captured the Laotian states, temporarily defeated Siam, and driven back two invasions by China. But his reckless decision to wage two simultaneous wars against China and Siam nearly cost the kingdom its independence. The third Chinese invasion of 1767–1768 penetrated deep into central Burma, forcing <mask> to hastily withdraw his armies from Siam. While the reinforced Burmese armies defeated the Chinese, and reached an uneasy truce in 1769, the Chinese threatened another invasion for another decade, and prevented Hsinbyushin from renewing the war with Siam. The specter of war kept the state heavily militarized, setting the stage for

masks: Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin


title: Hsinbyushin

texts: of Alaungpaya's sons, and became a top commander in his own right.By December 1753, the Konbaung forces had driven back Hanthawaddy invasion forces back to Ava, the fallen capital. The 17-year-old prince was given the overall command to recapture Ava. The prince's assault on 3 January 1754 succeeded, forcing Hanthawaddy troops to withdraw in disarray. Pleased, Alaungpaya made his second son the governor of Ava, (which had been totally sacked by the retreating Hanthawaddy forces). Just three months later, the Hanthawaddy invasion forces were back, this time in their full might. Konbaung forces led by <mask> and his elder brother Naungdawgyi were badly defeated at present-day Myingyan District. <mask> fell back to Ava, and had to defend the city against a siege by the invaders.Hsinbyushin's defenses held. Other Hanthawaddy armies also advanced up to Mu valley, the Konbaung homeland, but were driven back. In April 1754, Hsinbyushin also broke the siege of Ava, and pursued the retreating Hanthawaddy armies down to Minbu. Alaungpaya granted <mask> the town of Myedu in fief, for the latter's successful defense of Ava. He would be known as the Prince of Myedu from then on. Indeed, throughout the rest of the 1750s, <mask>ya's campaigns which by 1759 had reunited all of Burma (and Manipur), and driven out the French and the British who had provided arms to Hanthawaddy. Hsinbyshin was second-in-command of the Burmese forces in Alaungpaya's invasion of Siam (1759–1760), which overran

masks: Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushinaungpa


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 the Siamese defenses and reached the gates of Ayutthaya in April 1760.But the Burmese forces had to retreat hastily as Alaungpaya suddenly fell ill from scrofula. <mask> retreated back alongside his father's litter, and was by his father's bedside when the king died near a small village in Martaban (Mottama). Heir-apparent (1760–1763)
Alaungpaya was succeeded by his eldest son Naungdawgyi. Alaungpaya had pronounced that all of his six sons by his first wife would become king in the order of seniority. At Alaungpaya's deathbed, <mask> had promised his father to uphold his wish. But right after his father's death, <mask> made a blatant attempt to take over the throne, asking the top military command to support him. But he failed to receive sufficient support.Naungdawgyi forgave his brother at the queen mother's intercession because he needed to deal with an insurrection by Gen. Minkhaung Nawrahta, a highly decorated commander with whom Naungdawgyi had a long difficult relationship, and one who led the rearguard action in Siam, as well as a rebellion by his uncle, Thado Theinkhathu, the viceroy of Toungoo. <mask>, now officially the heir-apparent per Alaungpaya's wish, watched his brother the king try to put down the rebellions, and offered no help. Naungdawgyi was able to put down the rebellions by January 1762, and even recaptured Lan Na in January 1763. By then Naungdawgyi's authority was unrivaled, and <mask> was prepared to stay as the heir-apparent for the long haul. Then

masks: Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 in November 1763, Naungdawgyi, only 29, suddenly died. The ambitious <mask>, now 27 years old, ascended to the throne. Reign
On 28 November 1763, Hsinbyushin ascended to the throne.His full royal style at the coronation ceremony on 16 May 1764 was Thiri Thuriya Dhamma Razadhipati Hsinbyushin. He later assumed the new reign name of Thiri Thuriya Dhamma Mahadhammaraza Razadhipati (; ) on 3 January 1768. Administration

The first order of business was to rebuild the ruined city of Ava, which he wished to make his capital. By the royal order issued on 27 November 1764, the relocation of the kingdom's capital to Ava from Sagaing was announced. The gates of restored Ava were named after the conquered states: on the east side, Chiang Mai, Martaban, Mogaung; on the south, Kaingma, Hanthawaddy, Myede, Onbaung (Thibaw); on the west, Gandalarit, Sandapuri (Viengchang), Kenghung; on the north, Tenasserim and Yodaya (Siam). He officially moved to Ava in April 1765, after his return from the Manipuri campaign. Culture
In 1765, Hsinbyushin commissioned the translation of the Vyakarana, the Sanskrit works on grammar, medicine, astrology, erotic lore, etc.The Maungdaung Sayadaw translated with the help of nine Brahmin scholars <mask> had invited to his court from Varanasi, India. In 1771, an official at his court compiled a new law book called Manusara Shwe Min Dhammathat, based on older law books, in Burmese and Pali. In 1774, he raised the Shwedagon Pagoda to its present height, gilding it

masks: Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin


title: Hsinbyushin

texts: whose chiefs historically had paid tribute to both sides but had become solely Chinese tributaries since the mid-1730s. The Chinese at first decided to use local Tai-Shan militias to reassert their control but by 1765, the Qianlong Emperor decided to send in the regular Chinese troops. The Chinese began their invasion in December 1765, just as the Burmese armies were marching towards Ayutthaya. Hsinbyushin refused to recall the main Burmese armies in Siam. At first, the strategy seemed to work well.The remaining Burmese armies handily defeated the first two Chinese invasions at the border. But the Burmese were caught flat-footed in November 1767, when a 50,000-strong force led by the elite Manchu Bannermen invaded again. The main Chinese army defeated the main Burmese army in December 1767 at the Battle of Goteik Gorge, prompting <mask> to finally recall his armies from Siam. The main Chinese army overran Burmese defenses and reached Singu, 30 miles north of Ava around late January 1768. <mask> to his credit never lost composure, and personally organized the defenses. Bolstered by the reinforcements returning from Siam, the Burmese forces defeated the main Chinese army in March 1768 at the Battle of Maymyo. After the third invasions, both sides sent peace feelers but the Qianlong emperor ultimately made it clear that no compromise with the Burmese could be made.Ava now fully expected another major invasion. Hsinbyushin had now brought most of the troops back from Siam to face


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 the Chinese. For the Burmese, their hard-fought gains of the prior three years (1765–1767) in Siam had gone to waste. Likewise, Manipur revolted yet again in mid-1768. But there was little they could do. The survival of their kingdom was now at stake. When the next Chinese invasion came in October 1769, the Burmese were well prepared.They succeeded in containing the 60,000 strong invasion force at the border, and by early December had all the Chinese forces encircled inside the Kaungton-Shwenyaungbin corridor in northern Burma. The Chinese command asked for terms. The Burmese command, led by Gen. Maha Thiha Thura, were concerned that another defeat would merely stiffen the resolve of the Chinese government. Without <mask>'s knowledge, they agreed to a truce, and allowed the Chinese to withdraw without their arms. The uneasy truce was not recognized by either side. Qianlong did not accept the agreement. <mask> was furious that his generals had acted without his knowledge, and tore up his copy of the treaty.Manipur (1770)
Knowing that the king was angry, the Burmese armies were afraid to return to the capital. In January 1770, they marched to Manipur where a rebellion had begun, taking advantage of Burmese troubles with the Chinese. After a three days' battle near Langthabal, the Manipuris were defeated, and their raja fled to Assam. The Burmese raised their nominee to the throne, and returned. The king's anger had subsided; after all, they had won victories and preserved his


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 throne. He exiled Maha Thiha Thura and generals for a month. Post-Chinese war lull, deterioration of health and increasing army rule (1770–1774)
Following their last invasion, the Chinese kept a heavy military lineup in the border areas of Yunnan for about one decade in an attempt to wage another war while imposing a ban on inter-border trade for two decades.<mask> too had no choice but to keep up the defenses. He did not (probably, could not) resume the war with Siam, which had now been reinvigorated under a new leadership. It was a difficult period for Hsinbyushin for he could do little even as the Siamese continued to consolidate their gains. By 1773, <mask> had waited long enough, and he again contemplated renewing the war. He sent Ne Myo Thihapate to Chiang Mai with a sizable army, and asked the governor of Martaban to raise an army. However, he had to hold off the invasion because the southern army in Martaban mainly made up of ethnic Mon troops mutinied. Mon rebellion (1773)
The cause of the mutiny was the repressive behavior by the Burmese army commanders, who according to the Burmese historian Htin Aung were "drunk with victory", and were acting like warlords over the local populace.They showed their arrogance even towards their ethnic Mon officers in the Burmese army, provoking them to rebel. The conflict began when Gamani Sanda, the governor of Martaban in charge of raising the army, had a disagreement with Binnya Sein, chief of the Mon officer corps. The governor


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 was he that in December 1774, he ordered the execution of the last Hanthawaddy king, Binnya Dala, who had been in captivity since May 1757 because the Mon rebels had tried to free the former king to put him on the throne. This was despite the fact that <mask>'s father Alaungpaya had pardoned the former king's life. In April 1775, he raised the Shwedagon Pagoda to its present height, gilding it with his own weight in gold and erecting a golden spire studded with gems to replace the one thrown down during the 1769 earthquake. Lan Na rebellion (1774–1775)
The same arrogant repressive behavior by the local Burmese government caused a rebellion in Lan Na. The new Burmese governor at Chiang Mai, Thado Mindin, was disrespectful to local chiefs (saophas) and the people, and became extremely unpopular.The governor's harsh rule repulsed even Gen. Ne Myo Thihapate who was stationed there in 1773. The general was disgusted with the governor's behavior, and actually provided shelter to one of the chiefs, Kawila, being hunted down by the governor. After Thihapate's army was recalled, Kawila and other chiefs fled to the Siamese territory and raised a rebellion. Kawila and Siamese forces attacked Chiang Mai, and captured the city on 15 January 1775, ending the 200-year Burmese rule of Chiang Mai. Resumption of warfare (1775–1776)

Siam (1775–1776)

Hsinbyushin, who had held off renewing the Siamese war since 1770 because of the prevailing Chinese threat up north, was now forced to respond.


title: Hsinbyushin

texts: The king on his deathbed ordered a fresh invasion of Siam, appointing Maha Thiha Thura as head of the Siamese campaign. He still trusted the old general of the Chinese war fame because his eldest-son and heir-apparent Singu was married to the general's daughter.But the general faced a considerable difficulty in raising an army, especially in Lower Burma, which had just come off a major rebellion, and had to deal with the rampant insubordination in the Burmese high command. Adding to the turmoil, Manipur also revolted in 1775. The former king of Manipur who was driven out in 1770 by the Burmese, returned and overthrew the Burmese puppet ruler. <mask>, instead of focusing on the Siamese war, now diverted a portion of the army for a Manipuri expedition. The Siamese invasion was held off until after the rainy season of 1775. A combined force of 35000 was raised for the Siamese theater. In November, Maha Thiha Thura's main army invaded by the southern route from Martaban, and Ne Myo Thihapate's army from Chiang Saen in northern Lan Na, (which was still under Burmese control).From the start, the invasion was fraught with multiple issues. First, the invasion force of 35000 was too small to be effective whereas the 1765 invasion force consisted of at least 50,000 troops. More importantly, the Burmese command was in disarray. With the king on his deathbed, insubordination became increasingly rampant. Indeed, the second-in-command of the southern army, Zeya Kyaw, disagreed with Maha


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 Thiha Thura on the invasion route, withdrew with his troops, leaving Maha Thiha Thura with a portion of the troops. (This kind of insubordination would have been unimaginable only a couple years back when the king was in full control. Amazingly, Zeya Kyaw was never punished after the war.)The remaining Burmese armies fought their way into Siam, facing fierce Siamese resistance along the way. Thihapate's army managed to capture Chiang Mai and Maha Thiha Thura's army fought its way down to Phitsanulok and Sukhothai provinces in central Siam. But the invasion force was too small to overcome the Siamese defenses to make it down to the Siamese capital of Thonburi. By the start of the rainy season, June 1776, the Burmese armies were bogged down in central Siam by determined Siamese resistance led by the new Siamese king Taksin and his deputy Chao Phraya Chakri. The victory seemed remote. Then, <mask> died on 10 June 1776 at age 39. Maha Thiha Thura decided to call off the invasion, and rushed back to Ava to ensure that his son-in-law Singu could ascend to the throne without incident.Ne Myo Thihapate also withdrew from Chiang Mai back to safer Chiang Saen. The Burmese loss of southern Lan Na (Chiang Mai) later proved to be the end of their 200-year rule. (They would lose the rest of Lan Na (Chaing Saen) in 1785–1786 after King Bodawpaya's disastrous invasion of Siam.) Manipur, Cachar, Jaintia (1775–1776)
At Manipur, the Burmese expedition force again managed to drive out the pesky


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 Manipuri raja, who again fled into neighboring Cachar and Jaintia. This time, <mask> ordered the army to chase into these tiny kingdoms to capture the raja. <mask> died soon after. Even after the king's death, the Burmese continued to operate in Cachar and Jaintia.The raja of Cachar finally submitted but the Burmese still could not catch the Manipuri raja. The nominal suzerainty of Cachar and Jaintia came at a heavy price: the Burmese army had suffered heavy casualties. Epilogue
<mask> was only 39 when he died. He left 20 queens and 41 children. Singu's right to succession was in direct conflict with Alaungpaya's edict that all of his sons become king in the order of seniority. Despite the fact that four of his brothers were still alive, <mask> had ignored his father's will, and made his eldest son Singu the heir apparent. With Maha Thiha Thura's backing, Singu ascended the throne without incident.The new king killed off potential rivals to the throne as soon as he came to power. Yet Hsinbyushin's penchant for unmitigated warfare everywhere had a heavy cost to the kingdom. His reckless decision to wage simultaneous wars with Siam and China nearly cost the kingdom its independence, allowing Chinese armies to advance within 30 miles of Ava. He did learn from the mistake. With the Chinese keeping a heavy Chinese military lineup in the China-Burma border for about one decade to wage another war, he curbed his ambitions elsewhere even though it provided the Siamese much valuable

masks: Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin Hsinbyushin


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 his son Singu did not pursue an aggressive warfare policy.Legacy
<mask> is one of the most famous kings in Burmese history, known for his victories over the Chinese and the Siamese. The victory over the Chinese is generally regarded as the greatest victory in Burmese military history, and the 1767 victory over the Siamese probably ranks a close second. Historian Victor Lieberman writes: "These near simultaneous victories over Siam (1767) and China (1765–1769) testified to a truly astonishing elan unmatched since Bayinnaung." Historian Harvey writes that Alaungpaya's "tradition was not only maintained, it was eclipsed." The legacy of these wars endures down to the present day, mostly in terms of the territorial changes vis-a-vis China and Siam/Thailand, but also in terms of Burmese-Thai relations. The Burmese success in the Sino-Burmese War laid the foundation for the present-day border between China, and Burma. A huge swath of territory from present-day Kachin State to northern and eastern Shan State is still Burmese because of his successful defense.Secondly, Tenasserim is the only enduring gain of the Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) for the Burmese. The Siamese repeatedly tried to regain the coastal region which they had controlled in much of the prior five centuries but could not. On the other hand, <mask>'s reign saw the loss of Lan Na, which the Burmese had controlled over two centuries. (It is unclear if he would have been able to regain Lan Na had he been alive.


title: Hsinbyushin

texts:
 <mask>'s brother Bodawpaya repeatedly failed to regain it.) Another important legacy is the enduring enmity felt by the Thai people towards the Burmese people. The enmity, while shallow, began largely from <mask>'s reign, in light of the utter and senseless wanton destruction of the Siamese capital Ayutthaya in 1767.A Siamese chronicler wrote: "The king of Hanthawaddy (Bayinnaung) waged war like a monarch but the king of Ava (Hsinbyushin) like a robber." While the wars in those days were fought between the monarchs not between peoples, anti-Burmese feelings persist in the Thai world view. This enmity at least in the Thai political leadership manifested in the Thai "buffer zone" policy, which has provided shelter, at various times actively encouraged and "sponsored", the several ethnic resistance groups along the border. Indeed, the long-running ethnic rebellions by the Shan, the Mon, the Karen against the Burmese government would likely not be possible without the Thai government's active or passive support. Notes

References

Burmese monarchs
Konbaung dynasty
1736 births
1776 deaths
18th-century Burmese


title: Ridgway William Newland

texts:
Rev. <mask> (c. 1788 – 8 March 1864), frequently spelled "Ridgeway", was an English Congregationalist minister who with his large family emigrated to the young colony of South Australia, where he had a considerable influence in the Encounter Bay district. Many of his descendants were important in the history of the State. He has been called "The father of the South". History
<mask> was the minister of an Independent (as Congregationalists frequently called themselves) church of Hanley, in the Staffordshire Potteries region of England, for around 25 years. He emigrated to South Australia with his wife Martha, née Keeling, and their six children aboard the Sir Charles Forbes, arriving in June 1839. They settled in the Encounter Bay area, with a number of members of his congregation.He purchased a large property and after considerable effort established a successful farm. He built a church at Port Elliot. He assisted T. Q. Stow at the opening service of the new Freeman Street (now a section of Gawler Place) chapel in 1840, and again at the opening of the new Franklin Street schoolhouse in January 1845. He left to visit England early January 1845, perhaps on the Palmyra,   and returned aboard the Kingston in January 1846, accompanied by a son. He died of injuries sustained when the mail coach in which he was travelling capsized and all passengers were thrown out. Recognition
The first Newland Memorial Church was built in 1868 and extended as the Hodge annexe, replacing the "Tabernacle" built by R. W<mask>. A new Newland Memorial Church , built on land donated by Henry S<mask>, with a bequest from <mask>, and designed by W. H. Bagot, was erected c. 1930 in his memory.On 25 December 1838, on the eve of Rev. <mask>'s departure for Australia, he was presented with a pair of

masks:
Ridgway William Newland
Newland
. Newland
. Newland
Simpson Newland
Newland


title: Ridgway William Newland

texts:
 communion cups, still held by the Newland Memorial Church. Family
Rev. <mask> <mask> (c. 1788 – 8 March 1864) was married twice: to Jane Sophia Benning ( –1826) then to <mask>, née Keeling (c. 1797 – 13 April 1870)
with first wife
<mask> (23 December 1820 – 25 June 1913) married Fanny Hester Taylor (1834 – 10 October 1862) in 1853; he married again, to Margaret Egan (c. 1845 – 5 May 1908) in 1865. They were pioneers of Glencoe, then Hindmarsh Valley, later managed the Poonindie Aboriginal station, near Port Lincoln. Mary "Minnie<mask> (28 May 1854 – 17 March 1942) married James Keeling Wark (c. 1847–1886) on 2 November 1876, a son of Dr. David Wark. James was lessee of Rylands station, near Kapunda, South Australia; died after carriage accident.Catherine Wark (8 August 1879 – )
<mask> Wark (14 June 1882 – )
Robert Fredrick <mask> (15 September 1859 – )
Rose Ada <mask> (14 April 1861 – May 1955) married John Hazel Kelly (1861 – 29 November 1939) in 1889, farmed at Riverton, retired to Woodville. Harold John Kelly (1890–1939)
<mask> Kelly (1892– )
Hazel Mary Kelly (1893–1960)
Rose Ada Kelly (1894–1981)
Richard Watts Kelly (1896–1913)
Fanny Hester Kelly (1898–1986)
Margaret Adamson Kelly (1902–1987)
Finetta "Fanny" <mask> (23 July 1867 – 20 May 1920) married Herbert Horatio Oxley Hopkins (c. 1859 – 2 April 1944) on 27 October 1886. He was a son of Edward Hopkins of Eudunda and a teller, later manager with the National Bank of Australasia. Herbert Oxley Hopkins (6 July 1895 – 23 February 1972), their youngest son, was a noted cricketer. <mask> (c. 1871 – 13 November 1945), pastoralist, retired to Osborne Park, Western Australia, married Ivy Alma ?? in February 1922, separated 1929, divorced 1937. Margaret Cate <mask> (16 June 1873 – 8 October 1953)
<mask> <mask> (4

masks:
Ridgway
William Newland
Martha Newland
Watts Newland
" Newland
Francis Newland
Newland
Newland
Ralph Newland
Newland
Watts Newland
Newland
William Benning
Newland


title: Ridgway William Newland

texts:
 November 1875 – 7 September 1971) married Winifred Fairey Evans ( – 1955) in 1907, lived at Mount Lyndhurst Station
Clifford Benning "Cliff<mask> (6 September 1908 – ) married Janet Ada Penna (1915 – ) c. 1940, lived at Renmark
Gordon Hubert <mask> (21 December 1909 – 23 November 1919)
Margaret "Peg<mask> (2 September 1912 – )
<mask> <mask> (9 October 1913 – )
Lindsay Hamilton <mask> (13 November 1915 – )
Joan Winifred (27 June 1917 – )
Betty Newland (9 March 1920 – )
Martha Violet Newland (22 April 1878 – 30 September 1965) married Harry Martens on 15 August 1919
Matthew Totham "Ben" Newland (5 January 1881 – 30 January 1917) married (Susannah Lucy) Joyce Jervois (1888– ) in 1913.He died as result of gunshot accident. Joyce was a grand-daughter of Allan McFarlane and a great-niece of Sir <mask>is. Later lived at Avenel Gardens, Medindie. Margaret Susanna <mask> (22 March 1914 – ) reported as Margaret J Newland
Nancy Benning <mask> (23 October 1915 – )
Ben Totham Jervois <mask> (13 May 1917 – )
Madelina <mask> (6 June 1883 – 18 August 1958) married Edward Campbell Deland (1871–1962) in 1905, farmed at Blyth
Ridgway <mask> ( – 7 July 1942) married Jessie Rose de Lacy (1863 – 12 February 1903) on 29 September 1885. He died at Port Augusta. (Hazel) Flora Ruby (14 September 1886 – 7 May 1888)
(Rose) <mask> (28 December 1889 – ) married Alfred Samuel Herbert "Alf" Morley in 1910
Ridgway <mask> (4 August 1892 – 25 April 1984) married Mary Ellen Rogers (1896 – ) in 1918, lived at Milang. Eileen Mary <mask> (21 March 1918 – )
Carmel Frances <mask> (15 May 1920 – 10 November 1991) married Stanley George "Stan" Gordon (c. 1920 – 19 July 1992) on c. 1943
Hazel Imelda <mask> (2 September 1921 – 1999)
Veronica Jessica May "Ronnie" <mask> (1923 – ) married Gordon Roberts ( – ) in

masks:
" Newland
Newland
" Newland
William Colin
Newland
Newland
William Jevo
Newland
Newland
Newland
Isabel Newland
William Newland
Ada Newland
James Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland


title: Ridgway William Newland

texts:
 c. 1953
Kevin Ridgway <mask> (3 October 1924 – ) enlisted 1944
Patricia Kathleen "Pat" <mask> (12 March 1926?1925? – ) maybe married Alby Abbedan ( – ) in c. 1952
<mask> ( – ) married Gordon Cross ( – ) on 13 November 1954
<mask> ( – ) married Bruce Jaensch ( – 1929) on c. 1956
Blanche Jessie/Jessie Blanche <mask> (4 May 1895 – 10 January 1979) married John Montrose Winton (1871 – c. 1 June 1954) on 15 October 1915. Both at South Gap station near Port Augusta. Margarete <mask> (25 November 1896 – 17 February 1960)
Minnie Warna <mask> (4 June 1899 – 21 April 1963)
Kate Mary "Kathy" <mask> (20 October 1900 – 1996)
with Martha
Martha <mask> (c. 1828 – 1 March 1901) married Capt. Philip Alexander Nation (c. 1819 – 14 October 1867) on 27 June 1854. He was harbor-master at Wallaroo
Sophia <mask> (c. 1830 – 28 April 1872) married Henry Field ( – ) on 23 May 1849, farmed in Western Australia. <mask> (2 November 1835 – 27 June 1925) married Jane Isabella Layton (c. 1850 – 11 January 1939) on 12 September 1872
Col. Henry Simpson <mask> DSO, CBE (24 November 1873 – 1969) married Ellen Mary Lindon ( – ) on 14 July 1910
Henry Ridgway <mask> (3 May 1911 – 2001)
Mary Isobel Hemery <mask> (7 July 1912 – 1989) married Andrew Gosse Hay (1909 – 1974) on 31 March 1937
Ursula Helen <mask> (8 May 1914 – )
Philip Mesmer "Phil" <mask>  (2 February 1875 – 11 August 1916) married Josephine Mary Ferguson ( – ) in 1905.He was a noted cricketer
Philip Simpson <mask> (19 June 1906 – 20 April 1923)
Robert Thorburn <mask> (12 November 1908 – 18 November 2004)
Mary Josephine <mask> (5 March 1910 – )
Elizabeth Layton <mask> (1912– )
Victor Marra <mask> (1876–1953) married Elsie Margaret Porter (1879 – 11 February 1950) on 20 April 1909. Their family included:
Margaret Elizabeth <mask> (10 January

masks:
James Newland
Newland
Dorothy Newland
Margaret Newland
Newland
Flora Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Simpson Newland
Newland
Simpson Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Jean Newland


title: Ridgway William Newland

texts:
 1910 – 1988) married Richard Hampden Dutton (6 August 1909 – 13 December 1940), son of Henry Hampden Dutton on 25 February 1933. She married again, to Sidney Downer (September 1909 – September 1969) on 8 September 1948. They separated around 1960. <mask> ( – 1995) married Robert Henry Wreford (1909–1990) on 8 July 1936. He was managing director, G. & R. Wills from 1961; lived in North Adelaide. Dr. <mask> (1878 – 25 January 1919) married Marjorie Ringwood Hamilton ( – ) in 1903.He was killed when he rode his motorcycle into a railway train. Clive Hamilton "Tom<mask> (1904 – 1991)
Rupert Simpson <mask> (6 June 1908 – 12 December 1930)
James Hamilton <mask> (6 July 1913 – 2003) married Mildred Florence Copping (1918 – 2003) on 4 August 1937 of Naracoorte and Lucindale
Ralph Dimmock <mask> (16 March 1880 – 20 September 1933) married Hazel Thornton Creswell (c. 1887 – 4 November 1915) on 7 June 1909. He married Mildred Faith Dinning in 1930, farmed at Watervale. John Creswell <mask> (3 March 1910 – 1991) married Margaret Leonie Martin ( –2007) in 1936
Basil Creswell <mask> (21 January 1913 – 1985) married Constance Mary Austin ( –2004) on 3 February 1940. He was champion fencer and horseman
Dr. Malcolm Creswell <mask> (2 October 1915 – 2007) married Joan Cuthbert Emery (1913–1999) on 3 February 1940. <mask> (c. 1831 – 23 November 1874) married Abbie Lowe ( – 1881) in 1862, introvert. Edith Keeling <mask> (16 November 1862 – 1887)
Kate Lilian (4 September 1864 – 1873)
Ellen Gertrude <mask> (19 October 1866 – 1881)
Ethel Ashington <mask> (15 January 1870 – 13 April 1917)
Catherine Humphries <mask> (c. 1834 – 20 May 1879) married Alfred George Webb (c. 1836 – 17 October 1897) in 1858.He was auctioneer of Port Elliot, later manager of Ellerslie station, Adelong. He married

masks:
Elaine Newland
Clive Newland
" Newland
Hamilton Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
William Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland


title: Ridgway William Newland

texts:
 again, to Mary Amelia, some 30 years his junior. He sued nephew Cyril D'Arcy Leaver for libel. Leaver had accused Webb of illicit relations with his adopted daughter Louisa Larpent. He died shortly after settling out of court. <mask> (c. 1838 – 26 June 1922) married Frank Mart (c. 1834 – 7 March 1874) in 1857, lived at Port Wakefield. She married again, to Arthur Newton ( – 1925) on 12 October 1875.John Robert Lakeman <mask> (c. 1843 – 30 July 1912) married Ellen Wilkie (c. 1844 – 10 January 1927) in 1866
<mask> (10 April 1867 – )
Edith Mary <mask> (2 February 1869 – 1907)
<mask> (9 June 1870–1871)
<mask> (11 February 1872 – )
Euphemia <mask> (8 December 1873 – 1877)
Herbert John <mask> (26 March 1876 – 1935) married (Annie) Orari Kelley ( –1955) in 1899
Allan Herbert <mask> (22 November 1904 – ) married Kathleen Ethel Stock ( – ) in 1937
Cyril Lakeman <mask> (10 March 1908–1992) married Halley May Holt ( –1995) in 1937
<mask> (10 April 1878 – )
<mask> (28 October 1880 – 22 August 1965) married Ida Frances Bard (9 October 1887 – 1970)
<mask> ( – )
Edwina Bard <mask> (1914–1980)
Robert Bard <mask> (c. 1916 – 2010) married Pearl Irene ?? <mask> (1918–1978)
Edward Wilkie <mask> (25 June 1919 – 1930)
Quentin Theodore <mask> (1 May 1922 – 1997)
Philip Lakeman <mask> (4 November 1925 – )
Ivy Louisa <mask> (1883–1884)
<mask> (1 March 1883 – 1912)
<mask> (24 August 1885–1967) married Arthur Clive Duval (1891–1965) in 1916
Dora Marguerite <mask> (17 August 1888 – 1969)

It is unlikely that Richard Francis <mask> was related: he was an Anglican and brother of an Anglican clergyman. References

External links
Newland Uniting Church history

1876 births
1953 deaths
Australian Congregationalist ministers
People from South Australia
Road incident deaths in South Australia
South

masks:
Sarah Newland
Newland
Philip Newland
Newland
Robert Newland
Jessie Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Ellen Newland
Frank Newland
John Newland
Newland
Newland
Frank Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Newland
Louisa Newland
Ruth Newland
Newland
Newland


title: Francis Seow

texts:
<mask>, born <mask>iang Siew (; 11 October 1928 – 21 January 2016), was an American writer, political dissident and former lawyer. <mask> started his legal career in 1956 in the Singapore Legal Service and became Solicitor-General in 1969 before he entered private practice in 1972. During his legal career, he was known for having both prosecuted and defended murderers such as Sunny Ang, Mimi Wong and Tan Mui Choo. After he was elected president of the Law Society of Singapore in 1986, he had a falling-out with Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew over the Law Society's role in commenting on legislation churned out by the government without any meaningful parliamentary debate. In the 1988 general election, <mask> contested in Eunos GRC as a candidate of the opposition Workers' Party against the governing People's Action Party, but lost with 49.11% of the vote. Before the election, <mask> had been detained for 72 days without trial under the Internal Security Act. He was later accused of tax evasion but he left for the United States for health treatment and disregarded numerous court summons to return to Singapore to stand trial and was eventually convicted in absentia.Called a "prisoner of conscience" by Amnesty International in 2007, <mask> spoke at events organised by student societies in universities outside Singapore while he was living in exile before he died in the United States in 2016. Legal career
<mask> was born in 1928 in Singapore and educated at Saint Joseph's Institution before he read law at the Middle Temple and became a qualified lawyer. He joined the Singapore Legal Service in 1956 as a prosecutor and rose through the ranks to become the Solicitor-General in 1969, a position he held until 1971. <mask> led a Commission of Inquiry in the Secondary IV examination boycott by

masks:
Francis Seow
Seow T
Seow
Seow
Seow
Seow
Seow
Seow


title: Francis Seow

texts:
 Chinese students in 1963. For his work, <mask> was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Gold). During his time as a prosecutor, <mask> prosecuted notorious murderers in sensational trials and sent them to the gallows, including 18 of the prisoners involved in the Pulau Senang prison riot, Sunny Ang, and Mimi Wong. <mask> eventually left the Singapore Legal Service and entered private law practice in 1972.In 1985, he defended Tan Mui Choo, one of the three murderers in the Toa Payoh ritual murders case. Tan was eventually executed after an unsuccessful appeal against her conviction and death sentence. In 1973, <mask> was suspended from law practice for 12 months by Chief Justice Wee Chong Jin for allegedly breaching an undertaking given on behalf of his junior law partner to Attorney-General Tan Boon Teik. Nevertheless, he was later elected as a council member of the Law Society of Singapore in 1976 and became President of the Law Society in 1986. 1988 general election and conviction for tax evasion
<mask>'s new appointment as President of the Law Society led to a falling-out with Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew after he became embroiled in the politics surrounding the role of the Law Society. Seow had envisaged a restoration of the role of the Law Society to comment on legislation that the government churned out without any meaningful parliamentary debate, to which Lee took special exception. As a result, Lee caused special legislation to be passed that deprived the Law Society of any power to comment on legislation unless specifically asked to by the government.<mask> stood for the 1988 general election as a candidate of the opposition Workers' Party team contesting in Eunos Group Representation Constituency against the ruling People's Action Party (PAP). However, his team

masks: Seow Seow Seow Seow Seow Seow


title: Francis Seow

texts:
 managed to secure 49.11% of valid votes and lost marginally to the PAP. Just before the election, on 6 May 1988, <mask> was detained without trial under the Internal Security Act for 72 days. He was accused of having received political campaign finance from the United States to promote democracy in Singapore. According to his account, he was subjected to torture, including sleep deprivation and intensely cold air conditioning. Later, while awaiting trial for alleged tax evasion, he left for the United States for health treatment and disregarded numerous court summons to return to stand trial. Subsequently, he was convicted in absentia.Life in exile
While living in exile, <mask> spoke at events organised by student societies in universities outside of Singapore. In a 1989 interview in London, <mask> told The Sunday Times that he would return to Singapore to face tax evasion charges. On 16 October 2007, Amnesty International issued a public statement mentioning <mask> as one of two prominent Singaporean lawyers who were penalised for exercising their right to express their opinions. Amnesty International also called him a "prisoner of conscience." On 8 October 2011, <mask> and Tang Fong Har publicly addressed a Singapore Democratic Party forum via teleconferencing. The Singapore Police Force investigated the legality of the event on the following day. Death
<mask> died in Boston on 21 January 2016 at the age of 87.Chee Soon Juan, the secretary-general of the Singapore Democratic Party, announced the news of <mask>'s death on his Facebook page. <mask> was survived by two sons, and two daughters. His wife, Rauni Marjatta Kivilaakso, died in 1988 after a long battle with cancer. Writings
In the semi-autobiography, To Catch a Tartar: A Dissident in Lee Kuan Yew's Prison, <mask>

masks: Seow Seow Seow Seow Seow Seow Seow Seow Seow


title: Francis Seow

texts:
 wrote about his career in the Singapore Legal Service, opposition politics and his personal experience of being detained by the Internal Security Department. He also accuses the Singapore government of authoritarianism and human rights abuse under Lee Kuan Yew's administration. The book also contains a foreword by Devan Nair, the third President of Singapore, that is equally critical of the Singaporean government. <mask> also wrote another book, The Media Enthralled, which describes how he believes the Singapore government undermined freedom of the media and turned the media into pro-government mouthpieces.He is also the author of Beyond Suspicion? – The Singapore Judiciary that explores key cases in which the Singapore judiciary has bowed to political pressure. See also
 Tang Fong Har
 Internal Security Act
 Operation Spectrum
 Chee Soon Juan

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links
 The Genealogy of the Matrilineal descendants of the Seow Huan Neo, from the Patrilineal Ancient Chinese Seow Family in Straits Settlements
 Review of To Catch a Tartar written by D. Zagoria
 Review written by <mask> - Escape from Paradise
 Transcript of <mask>'s ST interview
 Reviews - Beyond Suspicion? The Singapore Judiciary
 I'll return to face charges, says <mask>
 New bid made to get trial started, Seow knew about summonses, says prosecuters

1928 births
2016 deaths
American people of Chinese descent
Amnesty International prisoners of conscience held by Singapore
Harvard Law School faculty
Massachusetts lawyers
Singaporean emigrants to the United States
Singaporean exiles
Singaporean lawyers
Singaporean people of Chinese descent
Workers' Party (Singapore) politicians
Singaporean Non-constituency Members of Parliament
Singaporean prisoners and detainees
Recipients of the Pingat

masks:
Seow
Francis Seow
Francis Seow
Francis Seow


title: Miodrag Radulovacki

texts:
<mask>Misha<mask> (Serbian Cyrillic: Миодраг Радуловачки; Serbian Latin: <mask>), was a Serbian American scientist and inventor. He was Professor of Pharmacology in the College of Medicine at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Radulovacki's research accomplishments include: (1) the Adenosine Sleep Theory, and (2) pioneering pharmacological studies for the treatment of sleep apnea, together with research collaborator, David W. Carley, (Professor of Medicine at the UIC). <mask> and Carley invented several drug therapies for the treatment of sleep apnea which have been patented by the UIC. The UIC recognized them as the 2010 "Inventors of the Year." Radulovacki published more than 170 scientific papers. Radulovacki was also a Foreign Member of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Early life
<mask> was born on April 28, 1933, in Parage, a village in northwestern Serbia.Both of his parents were elementary school teachers. At the beginning of World War II, <mask>'s father was drafted into the Yugoslav Army and was later taken prisoner by the invading Germans. In 1943, Radulovacki moved to Sremski Karlovci after his mother accepted a teaching position in the town. Sremski Karlovci (also known as Karlovci), a baroque Serbian town on the banks of the Danube River, had been home to the Radulovacki family for over 200 years. Radulovacki attended Karlovci High School or "Gymnasium," which is the oldest high school in Serbia. Radulovacki called Karlovci Gymnasium the "Serbian Cambridge and Oxford". Radulovacki graduated as valedictorian of the Karlovci High School Class of 1951.Radulovacki gained admission to the University of Belgrade

masks:
Miodrag (
) Radulovacki
Miodrag Radulovački
Radulovacki
Miodrag Radulovacki
Radulovacki


title: Miodrag Radulovacki

texts:
 collaboration with David W. Carley, a Professor of Medicine, Bioengineering and Pharmacology at the UIC. Their research efforts focused on developing pharmacological approaches for the treatment of sleep apnea. Since there were no medicines to alleviate this condition, <mask> and Carley set out to develop a drug treatment. Their initial work focussed on an experimental model of sleep apnea in rats, initially testing the effects of adenosine compounds. Eventually, they obtained positive results using serotonin and other compounds. As a result, the UIC patented their discoveries, obtaining numerous US and international patents.Patents for sleep and sleep-related disorders include:
 "Hypnotic Composition and Method of Inducing Sleep"; Inventor: <mask> Radulovacki, US Patent 4537907, August 27, 1985. (This patent was issued to UIC before Radulovacki started his collaboration with Carley in 1993). "Pharmacological Treatment for Sleep Apnea"; Inventors: <mask> <mask> and David W. Carley, US Patent 6,331,536 B1, December 18, 2001. "Neuropharmacological Treatments of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders"; Inventors: <mask> <mask> and David W. Carley, US Patent 6,555,564 B1, April 29, 2003. "Pharmacological Treatment for Sleep Apnea"; Inventors: <mask> <mask> and David W. Carley, US Patent 6,727,242 B2, April 27, 2004. "Neuropharmacological Treatment of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders"; Inventors: <mask> <mask> and David W. Carley, US Patent 6,974,814 B2, December 13, 2005. "Pharmacological Treatment for Sleep Apnea"; Inventors: <mask> <mask> and David W. Carley, US Patent 7,160,898 B2, January 9, 2007."Method for Treating Sleep Apnea"; Inventors:

masks: Radulovacki Miodrag Miodrag Radulovacki Miodrag Radulovacki Miodrag Radulovacki Miodrag Radulovacki Miodrag Radulovacki


title: Miodrag Radulovacki

texts:
 David W. Carley and <mask> <mask>, US Patent 7,705,039 B2, April 27, 2010. "Methods for treating sleep disorders by cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor B antagonists": Inventors: David W. Carley and <mask> Radulovacki, US Patent 8,053,413 B2, Nov. 8, 2011. "Pharmacological treatments for sleep disorders (apnoe) with prostanoid receptor antagonists", Inventors: David W. Carley and <mask> <mask>, US Patent 8,076,315, Dec. 13, 2011. Inventor of the Year 2010
<mask> was named the 2010 Inventor of the Year at the University of Illinois, alongside Carley. <mask> and Carley were honored by the University of Illinois for producing a dozen potential treatments for sleep apnea, many of which are now under consideration for commercial development. Their results have culminated in an IllinoisVentures-supported start-up company, Pier Pharmaceuticals, that focuses on the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Membership in the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
In October 2003, the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade elected <mask> as one of its Foreign Members for his significant scientific research contributions in the fields of Neuropharmacology, sleep disorders and sleep-related breathing disorders.Yugoslav Student Summer Program
In 1990, Radulovacki initiated the Yugoslav Student Summer Program at the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) and the University of Illinois at Champaign-Urbana (UIUC) after the creation of International Linkage Agreements between the UIC and the Universities of Belgrade and Novi Sad in Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav Student Summer Program lasted for 12 years and had 304 participants. Philanthropy
In 2005, Radulovacki

masks: Miodrag Radulovacki Miodrag Miodrag Radulovacki Radulovacki Radulovacki Radulovacki


title: Miodrag Radulovacki

texts:
 established the <mask> Radulovacki Family Prize for Excellence in Basic Sciences at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago. The purpose of the prize, given annually, is to honor a fourth year Medical student who displays a high degree of intellectual integrity and who has demonstrated strong academic achievement. The prize consists of a plaque and a check for $1,000. Radulovacki made numerous contributions to his home town of Sremski Karlovci. In 2007, Radulovacki restored the symbol of Sremski Karlovci, a baroque fountain called the Four Lions Fountain, located in the central square of the city.In 2009, Radulovacki restored the baroque façades of the Ecological Center in Karlovci  which occupies a historic building in the center of the town. In 2010, Radulovacki restored the monument of Serbian poet, Branko Radičević (Radichevich), at Stražilovo (Strazhilovo) which is located on a mountain-top surrounded by forests in the Fruška Gora (Frushka Gora) National Park near Karlovci. In 2011, Radulovacki financed the construction of a self-sustaining ecological building with solar panels and geothermal heat pumps in the courtyard of the Karlovci Ecological Center. In recognition of Radulovacki's philanthropy, the ecological center was renamed the Ecological Center Radulovački. Personal life
Radulovacki lived in Chicago. He was a cross-country skier. He participated in several Birkebeiner-Kortelopet cross-country ski marathons in Cable-Hayward, Wisconsin.Radulovacki died on May 27, 2014 in Belgrade, Serbia, while on two-week trip to promote his philanthropic projects. He is survived by two sons and four grandchildren. Selected


title: Joe Hachem

texts:
<mask> (; ; born 11 March 1966) is a Lebanese Australian professional poker player known for being the first Australian to win the World Series of Poker main event, which earned him $7.5 million, then a record for all-time biggest tournament prize. The next year, <mask> won his first World Poker Tour title at the Bellagio Casino's Five Diamonds Poker Classic, earning him $2.2 million. He is one of only six poker players to win both a World Series of Poker main event and a World Poker Tour championship. Including his WSOP Main Event victory, Hachem has finished in the money in thirteen World Series events. As of January 2018, Hachem's tournament winnings exceed $12,200,000, making him the 35th-highest ranked player in live tournament career earnings. Early life
<mask> was born in Lebanon on 11 March 1966. In 1972, at age six, <mask> and his family moved to Melbourne, Australia.He worked as a chiropractor for 13 years before giving up the career after developing a rare blood disorder that affected the blood vessels in his hands. Around 1995, while taking time off to consider his future, <mask> started to play poker with greater frequency, mostly in casinos, as well as online. He also ran a small brokerage business in Pascoe Vale, Victoria. Hachem said he was too temperamental when he first started playing poker and had to learn to control his temper. Around 2000, after years of casual playing, Hachem started playing regularly in tournaments at the Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex in Melbourne, where he often ended in the money. Hachem spent another five years playing regularly on the Melbourne tournament circuit before setting his sights

masks:
Joseph Hachem
Hachem
Joseph Hachem
Hachem
Hachem


title: Joe Hachem

texts:
 on the World Series of Poker in Las Vegas, Nevada. Poker career

2005 World Series of Poker
Just prior to entering the 2005 World Series of Poker, Hachem visited the Bicycle Casino in Bell Gardens, California, to play in a no-limit Texas hold 'em game.One of the players made a joke that <mask> was stopping in before being crowned the new "Australian champion". <mask> entered the World Series of Poker as a relatively unknown poker player. Two weeks prior to the main event, <mask> finished 10th in the $1,000 buy-in no-limit Hold'em World Series event, winning $25,850. Hachem won the 2005 World Series of Poker $10,000 no-limit Texas hold 'em Main Event, outlasting 5,618 other players. He won $7,500,000 for the first-place finish, then a record for all-time largest poker tournament prize. He entered the tournament by paying the $10,000 entrance fee in cash. Hachem ended the first day of the tournament with 67,000 in chips, about twice the average, and he said the strong start gave him confidence going into the rest of the tournament.Hachem's chip stack stayed at the tournament average for most of the tournament until he reached the final table, which lasted a record 13 hours and 54 minutes. A number of fellow Australians provided moral support from the audience, chanting "Aussie, Aussie, Aussie, Oi, Oi, Oi!". <mask> was short-stacked for much of the final table and was constantly being re-raised by professional player Aaron Kanter. With four players left in the hand, Hachem was rejuvenated when he went all in with  against Kanter, who had . Hachem caught a queen on the flop and doubled his chips. In a later interview, <mask> said he knew the hand

masks: Hachem Hachem Hachem Hachem Hachem


title: Joe Hachem

texts: was a turning point for him. He took the chip lead with three players remaining and after going heads-up against Steve Dannenmann, it took Hachem only six hands to win the game.In the final hand, Hachem called a pre-flop raise from 300,000 to 700,000 chips with , one of the worst starting hands in Texas hold 'em. The flop came , giving Hachem a straight. When the turn brought the , Steve Dannenmann made the top pair (with an open-ended straight draw) with his starting hand of . Hachem bet, Dannenmann raised, Hachem moved all-in and was called. In the end, Dannenmann could only tie if the river brought a 7 (giving him the same straight), but the  on the river ensured Hachem the win. After winning the tournament, Hachem wrapped himself in an Australian flag and shouted, "Thank you, America!". <mask> was the first Australian to win the World Series of Poker Main Event, and he immediately developed a strong fan base in Australia.During a post-tournament interview, WSOP commentator Norman Chad declared, "Hachem turned 7-3 offsuit into $7.5 million. Pass the sugar!" <mask> himself first used the line, which came to be considered a winning catchphrase after flopping a flush with  against Andrew Black's three queens and winning a large pot. (In actuality, Hachem had said "Pass the sugar!" prematurely. Had the board paired in this hand, Black would have had at least a full house, which would have eliminated Hachem.) <mask> and his World Series main event win has been credited with consolidating the boom in popularity for poker in Australia and beyond (which was first thrust into the mainstream consciousness by Chris Moneymaker in 2003), including

masks: Hachem Hachem Hachem


title: Joe Hachem

texts: a table consisting of Main Event winners Doyle Brunson, Greg Raymer, Jamie Gold, Huck Seed, and Johnny Chan, whom he defeated heads up to win $120,000. In 2006, Hachem appeared in Poker Superstars III, but failed to advance to the Super 16 round by only one point.In December 2007, Hachem won the Poker Stars Asia Pacific Poker Tour Tournament of Champions, which included a field of such players as Raymer, Chris Moneymaker and Isabelle Mercier. In April 2008, Hachem came close to the final table of the PokerStars EPT Monte Carlo Grand Final, finish in 11th place for more than $150,000. Hachem finished in 103rd place in the 2009 World Series of Poker Main Event, which drew a field of 6,494 players, earning himself $40,288. Also in 2009, Hachem participated in the fifth season of High Stakes Poker, a cash game television series on the Game Show Network. The season featured a buy-in of at least $200,000, the highest minimum requirement in the show's history. Also in 2009, Hachem produced and hosts the Australian reality show The Poker Star, which characterizes Hachem as a poker mentor searching for the next big player. The show features a group of contestants living together in one house and competing in a series of poker-related challenges.<mask> was inducted into the Australian Poker Hall of Fame in 2009 with "Legend Status", to which he now serves as Chairman. As of 2018, Hachem's total live tournament winnings exceed $12,200,000, more than $7.9 million of which comes from the World Series of Poker events. He is ranked 27th in live poker tournament career earnings by The Hendon Mob, a website which tracks tournament poker players. Poker style


title: Joe Hachem

texts:
 and technique
Hachem said he believes his discipline and control helps him make good decisions at the right time. He credited his success at the 2005 World Series of Poker in part to his ability to make difficult laydowns. Hachem has also advised amateur players against bluffing too often or without any outs. Hachem said he rarely bluffs without any outs, and only does so when "you're confident the other guy can't stand the heat of a raise."Hachem said he tries to maintain the same poker face for each hand. During intense hands, he focuses on a point on the table, keeps his breathing under control and tries not to give away any information. <mask> has said he likes playing at featured tables in televised poker tournaments because, "Everyone wants to be on TV, and they are afraid to do anything silly so they don't get ridiculed. I try and take advantage of that." <mask>'s talent and personality has drawn him a large fanbase, and people often surround his table to watch him during tournaments. Hachem is widely regarded as one of the best high-stakes cash game players in Australia. Family and personal life

<mask> has been married since 1989 to Jeanie, who he has known since both were teenagers.They have four children, named Anthony, Justine, Daniel, and James. Hachem said his wife was extremely supportive of his decision to seek a career in poker and participate in the World Series of Poker in 2005. His children also play poker, and Hachem said he believes it teaches them discipline and how to handle adversity. He operates a mortgage company and enjoys playing golf, especially with friends and other poker players. Until December 2011, Hachem


title: Joe Hachem

texts:
 represented the online poker website PokerStars. He played under the name "<mask>achem" on the site. Actor Matt Damon, who starred in the 1998 poker film Rounders, is a fan of Hachem and has played poker with him.Damon said of Hachem, "Poker can bring out the worst in people, but when you see somebody who's just winning with grace and class and dignity, it's nice." Bibliography
Pass the Sugar (2009)

Notes

External links
 Official site
 <mask>m interview
 Poker.about.com profile
 Bluff Magazine profile
 BlondePoker profile

1966 births
Australian poker players
Lebanese poker players
Lebanese emigrants to Australia
Sportspeople of Lebanese descent
World Series of Poker bracelet winners
World Series of Poker Main Event winners
World Poker Tour winners
Poker After Dark tournament winners
Poker players from Melbourne
Living

masks:
JoeH
Joe Hache


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts:
<mask> (also <mask> of Flute". After beginning his career in the family trade as an apprentice to parents <mask> and Josephy, Sedlatzek taught himself to play flute and eventually toured throughout Europe as an admired master of the instrument, playing on a unique thirteen-key Viennese flute. Sedlatzek served in the Royal Court Orchestra of Count Franz von Oppersdorff of Oberglogau and as Royal Chamber Virtuoso to Prince Paul III Anton Esterházy of Austria. He also gave several successful concert tours through Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, and England as featured performer. During his tour of Italy, Sedlatzek not only survived the Palermo earthquake of 1823 (which canceled his second performance in Sicily), he also performed for the King of Prussia, Frederick William III of the Order of the Black Eagle, in Verona, for Pope Pius VII in Rome, and played alongside violin virtuoso Niccolò Paganini in Genoa. His Paris tour of 1826 included performances with the Italian Soprano Giuditta Pasta, with whom he would perform again, along with other prominent musicians, after his move to London. <mask> was a friend and collaborator to Ludwig van Beethoven and played several times with the universally known composer; most notably as the principal flautist in the world-premier of Beethoven's Symphony No.9 in Vienna's Kärntnertortheater in 1824 under the direction of Beethoven himself. Early life and career

While working as a tailor's apprentice to his father, <mask>, and playing flute on the side, <mask> came to the attention of Count Franz von Oppersdorff, a nobleman of OberGlogau known for his intense love of music.

masks:
Johann Jean Sedlatzek
Johann John Sedlaczekccolò Paganini
Johanna
Johann Sedlatzek
Johann
Johann Sedlatzek


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts: Oppersdorff valued music so highly, in fact, that he would not hire any help who could not play a musical instrument. The young tailor and budding flautist suited von Oppersdorff's requirements and soon was invited to study music formally with the musicians of the Royal Court of OberGlogau. By September 1806, the sixteen-year-old Sedlatzek had become a full member of the Royal Court Orchestra of Count Oppersdorff, affording <mask> the opportunity to play for Ludwig van Beethoven during his visit to the Count's Castle that year with the orchestra's performance of Beethoven's own 2nd Symphony. In March 1810, Sedlatzek left his family home to pursue his musical aspirations in Opava, the cultural heart of Silesia at the time, earning his living as Master Tailor while also working as a doorman at the local theater. He then traveled to Brno, Moravia and later to Vienna, Austria repeating this occupational strategy in each new city.<mask> was finally able to put aside the family trade and focus on music exclusively when he was hired as first flute to the "Theater an der Wien" in September 1812. A joint concert with the well-established Viennese musician Raphael Dressler in 1816 at Karntnertortheater, where Dressler was principal flautist, brought <mask> to wider attention. The first printed review of a Sedlatzek performance appeared shortly after this event when the "Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung" gave the first of many positive reviews that would follow him throughout his long career in music. <mask> joined the Vienna Society of Musicians (Tonkünstler-Societät) in 1817. That same year, after Dressler moved to London,

masks:
Johann
Johann Sedlatzek
Johann
Sedlatzek


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts:
 Sedlatzek was chosen to replace the eminent performer as principal flautist at the Karntnertortheater, a position he would hold for the next eight years while also performing concerts in Germany, conducting a lengthy tour of Italy, and playing around Vienna with his own ensemble, the "Sedlatzek Harmonie Quintet". German author of "Faust" and other notable works, <mask> von Goethe (1749-1832), mentions in his diaries hearing <mask>k perform on more than one occasion in Austria during this period. Sedlatzek's early years in Vienna culminated in the premier of Beethoven's 9th Symphony on 7 May 1824 at Karntnertortheater, where Sedlatzek served as principal flautist.Certain passages of Beethoven's score required the use of the particular Viennese flute which Sedlatzek was known to play with exceptional virtuosity. Only the Viennese flute was capable of playing as low as G, which was required for the proper interpretation of Beethoven's symphony. Other notable musicians who performed in the Vienna premier of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony in 1824 included soprano Henriette Sontag, contralto Caroline Unger, tenor Anton Haizinger, and pianist Conradin Kreutzer. Among the violinists performing that evening were Joseph Bohm, Leopold Jansa, and Joseph Mayseder. In the wind section, playing along with Sedlatzek, were Karl Scholl, Joseph Friedlowsky, Wenzell Sedlak, Thobold Hurth, and Edward Levy. Beethoven, too hard of hearing at this point in his life to conduct, directed the presentation while Ignaz Schuppanzigh led the orchestra and Michael Umlauf conducted the whole. Tours of Austria, Germany, Swtitzerland, and Italy

Between

masks:
Johann Wolfgang
Johann Sedlacze


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts: the years after his appointment as Principal Flautist at Karntentor Theater in 1817, and his performance with Beethoven in the premier of the 9th Symphony in 1824, Sedlatzek managed a busy schedule which included tours through Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, while also performing (by private subscription) in Vienna with his Harmonie Quintet.After his March 1818 performance with Carl Czerny in Vienna, Sedlatzek embarked on his first European tour as a featured performer. The first stop was in Zurich, where he performed with the pianist <mask> Pixiusem, prompting the "Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung" to write about the flautist "with great delight". In the summer of 1820, Sedlatzek performed in Prague. The Wiener Allgemeine Theaterzeitung wrote of this performance:  "Sedlatzek captivated the audience with his variations on  'God Save the King' and captured the hearts of all!" Sedlatzek gave two shows in Berlin in July 1821. The first was to accompany Carl Maria von Weber. The second was as the featured player.Back in Vienna, 1 August 1821, Sedlatzek performed with cellist Vincez Schuster and pianist Karl Maria von Bocklet. Sedlatzek and Schuster performed together portions of  "Schone Minke, op. 78". And, as a bonus, at the end of the show, <mask> performed publicly, for the first time, on the newly invented Viennese Flute with which he would become synonymous during his later career. In 1822, Sedlatzek embarked on a two-year tour of Italy, which began with his performances to the Congress of Verona (where he performed for the Prussian King, Frederick William III), and continued through Sicily, Parma, Milan,

masks:
Johann Peter
Johann Sedlatzek


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts:
 Naples, and Genoa, where he performed alongside Niccolò Paganini. The Gizetta di Miliano said Sedlatzek "captured his audience", and also noted that "even with Paganini performing in town, Sedlatzek's Halls were "bursting at the seams". In a letter to his parents, <mask> wrote of his Italian tour and his stay in Sicily:

"Once again, as in every city, I have been enthusiastically received.I have meals each day with General Field Marshal, Graf von Wallmoden, and in the evening, I go to parties. My first show was a good one, but the second was unfortunately prevented by the terrible earthquake ." The Palermo earthquake of 5 March 1823 was the worst earthquake in the area of Sicily in the 19th century and one of the worst in Italy's history since such records have been kept. Sedlatzek left Sicily after the earthquake and traveled to Rome, where he performed for The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church at that time, Pope Pius VII. Sedlaczek and Ludlam's Cave

<mask> is also listed as a member of the "Ludlamshohle" during the years between 1817 and 1826. "Ludlamshohle" (translated as "Ludlam's Cave" or "Ludlam's Hell") was a secret-society of intellectuals, a select group of actors, singers, musicians, and scholars of Vienna, including <mask>'s contemporaries Karl Maria von Weber, Karl Gottfried, Friedrich Ziegler and some sources say Franz Schubert. The club was named after the Drama "Ludlam's Cave" by Danish poet Adam Oehlenschläger (14 November 1779 – 20 January 1850) and was also a reference to the dark, cave-like rooms in which the group typically met.Ludlamshohle was founded by the Austrian poet and dramatist, Ignaz

masks:
Johann
Johann Sedlaczek
Johann


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts: Franz Castelli (6 March 1781 in – 5 February 1862), house poet of Kartnertortheater from 1811 to 1814. While the society is consistently referred to as "secret", it was, in fact, well known to the public due to its large membership of prominent artists, even being written of in Vienna papers. Members claimed there was no devious or political intent to their meetings. Reports of attendees suggest the meetings were more akin to rowdy fraternity parties than dark rituals of sacred meaning or political intrigue. Nonetheless, the group's esoteric activities, strange symbolism, red and black color preference, and coded communications drew the suspicions of local authorities. A police raid was conducted during a meeting of Ludlamshohle held on 19 April 1826, founded on a charge no more specific than "sedition" in which manuscripts, artwork and money were confiscated, while many members were arrested. This action was largely ridiculed by the public as no evidence of espionage was ever uncovered in the subsequent trials.The group publicly dissolved after the raid, however, later writings indicate that certain members continued to meet secretly. Sedlaczek himself was most likely never charged or under suspicion of any political subversion as this would have prevented his many travels. Austrians at that time were not allowed to travel outside of the country without special permission from the government. Travel for the sake of curiosity was not acceptable. "Need" had to be established. In the case of musicians, character and talent had to be proven. <mask> traveled frequently, both during and after his involvement with


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts:
 "Ludlamshohle" indicating he was consistently in good standing with the Viennese authorities.Farewell to Vienna and a tour of Paris

On 3 April 1825, Sedlatzek gave a farewell concert in Vienna at which he performed works from Beethoven and Rossini as well as his own compositions "Capriccio for Flute" and "Neue Variations for Flute", with the well-known Ignaz Schuppanzigh conducting. While Sedlatzek's farewell concert was held in April 1825, an entry in the Journal of the conductor Sir George Thomas Smart dated 11 September 1825 in which he describes a visit to Beethoven's home, shows that Sedlatzek remained in Vienna through the end of that year:

"... most of the company departed (after the performance), but Schlesinger invited me to stop and dine with the following party of ten. Beethoven, his nephew (Karl), Holz, Weiss, C. Czerny, who sat at the bottom of the table, Lincke, Jean Sedlatzek- a flute player who is coming to England next year and has letters from the Duke of Devonshire, Count St. Antonio, etc.- he has been to Italy- Schlesinger, Schuppanzigh, who sat at the top, and myself." Afterwards, Sedlatzek visited his parents in OberGlogau and his sister, Josephina Maise, in Warmbrunn before embarking on a concert tour of Paris in 1826, with the following personal letters of recommendation from Ludwig van Beethoven in hand:

To Monsieur Kreutzer,

Sir! This is with hope that you favor your old friend, I dare to recommend to you the bearer of this letter, <mask>, a most distinguished Artist, and am begging you not to refuse him ... I take this time to testify my friendship and perpetual consideration. Sir!Your


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts:
 very humble servant, L v. B

To Monsieur Cherubini,

Sir! The bearer of this letter, <mask>, ardently desires to pay you his tribute. I am convinced of his esteem as an Artist worthy of my name, and hope for a favorable welcome from you. Accept him with the highest assurance and the same consideration with which I have been honored. Sir! Your very humble servant, L v. B

After the Paris tour, Sedlatzek moved to London. London and family

Thirty-six-year-old <mask> arrived in London in the summer of 1826.By the spring of 1827, his British audience had grown beyond his expectation, as the following announcement in the May 12, 1827 edition of the "London Literary Gazette" attests:

"Under the patronage of His Royal Highness the Duke of Sussex, their Highnesses the Prince and Princess Esterhazy, and the Duke and Duchess of Leister, Mr. SEDLATZEK, (of Vienna, Performer of the newly invented German flute), finding that the Number of Tickets in demand for his concert on the 18th of May far exceeds his expectation, respectfully announces that he has been obliged to remove it from Queen Square, to Willis's Rooms, and that tickets can be had at the Bar of the Thatched Roof Tavern; Willis's Rooms, and of Mr. Sedlatzek, No. 37, Castle Street East, Oxford Street." A survey of English Newspapers from 1826 to 1842 shows Sedlatzek was very active in the London music scene at that time. His performances were reviewed frequently in London papers, such as The Musical World, The London Gazette, The Harmonicon, and the Court Journal, to name a few, with commentary ranging from reverent: "We are much indebted to J. Sedlatzek for his

masks:
Monsieur Sedlatzek
Johann Sedlatzek


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts:
 arrangement of the music of this great violinist (Josef Mayseder), executed with taste and skill." to rapturous: "These compositions are superb specimens of modern magnificence ... listened to by a very full audience with the united sensations of rapture and admiration." A review of a concert held 8 July 1838 shows how performances by <mask>k were generally received:

"Mr. Sedlatzek, The eminent flautist, gave a "Soirie Musicale" in the smaller room at the Anthenmeum. The room was quite filled by a very select and fashionable company and, the concert conducted by Mr. J.A. Pickering, was of the highest order. The first piece was remarkable for the beautiful manner in which the instruments harmonized. Mr. Sedlatzek has this advantage over every other flute player of the present day: his tone is the nearest approach to the human voice we ever heard. He has, moreover, a facility and neatness of execution which must stamp him as a performer of the highest order. Personally acquainted with several of the deceased great German Masters, his style has been drawn from the purest sources. And it follows that, apart from the merely mechanical operation of playing, he is a first-rate musician." Sedlatzek spent sixteen active years in London where he frequently played to crowded halls and performed with renowned musicians including <mask>, Signor Brizzi  Nicolas Mori, Felix Mendelssohn, double-bass master Domenico Dragonetti, and guitar virtuoso Trinidad Huerta.He would also meet again with the notorious Paganini in 1831 when London hosted a bevy of foreign performers for the season. In the midst of his busy performance schedule,

masks:
Johann Sedlatze
Johann Strauss


title: Johann Sedlatzek

texts:
 <mask> earned an Honorary Degree in 1835 from Green College in London where he was an instructor. Sedlatzek was also married in London on All-Hallows Eve, 31 October 1827 to Ann Ward, and, in the years following, fathered at least five children. The first of these births was announced in the August 9, 1828 edition of the "London Literary Gazette" :

At the request of our good friend M. <mask> who plays the German flute better than he writes the English Language, we insert the following interesting announcement:

"Dear Sir! I am sorry not having the pleasure to find you at home. I was come to thank you for your kind report on my Conzert. [sic.]And in the same time to tell you that my wife is delivering with a baby Girl, and that the Prinzesses [sic.] Esterhazy will be the Good Mutters (God Mothers- ed. )- should you find convenient to mention in your next weeks Journal- Sedlatzek"

His children: Therese, Nina, Paul, Georg, and Marie each achieved their own musical successes. Nina and Therese performed as pianists in Vienna. Paul followed his Father's inclination, becoming a flautist. Marie became an opera singer and actress for the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane and toured London with her father in 1854. Georg performed as solo cellist for Eduard Strauss and <mask> II.Georg's son, Ludwig Maria Sedlaczek (3 January 1875 –  14 October 1965), extended the line of musicians begun in the 19th century into the 20th, as he performed and conducted throughout Austria and Germany in the early 1900s, and then, after moving to America in 1927, served as professor of Music at University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA. <mask> returned to

masks:
Johann Sedlatzek
Sedlatzek
Johann Strauss
Johann