title: Mikola Dziadok

texts:
 on his Facebook page an illustration depicting the symbols of the Misantropic Division (an international association of neo-Nazi groups), which was included in the republican list of extremist materials by the court of the Central District of Minsk. But <mask>'s post was directed precisely against Nazism: “The picture from July 2016 is an illustration for a post in which I criticize people for standing next to the Nazis (!!!). Photos are driven to confirm their words.Do you understand the charm of the whole situation? Indeed, how can Nazism be condemned when any illustrative material can be retroactively outlawed? If we proceed from the GUBOPiK's information, then we should judge, for example, those who broadcast military newsreels on television, employees of the Belarusian television who show Nazis and do not retouch them,” he explained his position. The case was heard by judge Maria Erokhina. 2019
<mask> <mask> became a defendant in a high-profile scandal involving the Russian media. The reason was seven articles in the Novy Chas newspaper, where Dedok works, dedicated to Chechen political and military leaders, in particular, Shamil Basayev. In the 2017 article "Basayev: Your Great Russian dream – sitting up to your throat in shit to drag everyone else there ...", dedicated to the 11th anniversary of the murder of the field commander, <mask> <mask> presented Basayev as an ambiguous personality, from which, however, "they make a monster from hell".In January 2019, two years later, the Russian media drew attention to it, criticizing and condemning the author of the article, <mask>, as well as Alena Anisim, who is the head of the Belarusian Language Association and the founder of the newspaper "Novy Chas". From the point of view of a number of media outlets, the publication is a “glorification of terrorists". The article on the Belarusian pro-Russian website Teleskop, which started the information attack, was

masks: Dziadok Mikola Dziadok Mikola Dziadok Dziadok


title: Mikola Dziadok

type: original

texts: rewritten and supplemented by dozens of Russian media outlets. A number of pro-Russian Belarusian media, as well as a member of the Bureau of Belarusian Left Party Sergei Voznyak and Liberal Democratic Party leader Oleg Gaidukevich, also joined in the persecution. In turn, a number of Belarusian mass media spoke out in defense of Dziadok and Anisim, in particular Belarusian Partisan and Nasha Niva. The authors of the Teleskop website sent statements to the Ministry of Information and the Procurator, demanding that Novy Chas and Mikola Dziadok be brought to justice. Veteran of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia Oleg Ivannikov appealed to the Procurator of the Chechen Republic and personally to Ramzan Kadyrov with a request "to initiate an inspection of the publication of the newspaper Novy Chas".However, none of these appeals had legal consequences for <mask> Dziadok or the newspaper Novy Chas. On March 4, 2019, <mask> was detained near the Frunzensky District Court of Minsk, immediately after he was fined under Art. 17.11 of the Administrative Code of the Republic of Belarus "Distribution of extremist materials" for a post on social networks. <mask> spent more than 2 days in a temporary detention center, after which the judge of the Central Court of Minsk Victoria Shabunya sentenced him to a fine of 25 basic units for participating in the action "Freedom for political prisoners". On June 10, 2019, in the Frunzensky District Court, Judge M. Erokhin found <mask> <mask> guilty of "public demonstration and distribution of extremist materials" and sentenced him to a fine of 50 basic units (1,275 rubles or 624 dollars). According to the court ruling, Nikolai posted on the Vkontakte social network a post with four extremist letters "ASAV". The blogger himself was not present at the trial and did not decide to appeal the decision to a higher court.On September 16, 2019, the Frunzensky District Court again convicted

masks: Mikola Dziadok Mikola Mikola Dziadok


title: Mikola Dziadok

texts:
 <mask> Dziadok for using the abbreviation "ACAB" in the social network "Vkontakte", and imposed a fine on him in the amount of 40 basic units. The trial was conducted by judge E. V. Pisarevich. "You can endlessly look at three things: how the fire burns, how the water flows, how the GUBOPiK fights my social networks..." – the blogger commented on this judgment on his page. 2020
On January 9, 2020, the Frunzensky District Court convicted <mask> Dziadok under Article 23.34 for participating in an unauthorized action in defense of the independence of Belarus in Minsk on December 21, 2019. The fine was 50 basic units. The trial was conducted by judge A. V. Busheva. On March 19, 2020, <mask> <mask> was detained by police officers on charges of minor hooliganism (17.1.Administrative Code of the Republic of Belarus). The activist was taken to the Center for Isolation of Offenders and accused of putting an anti-police inscription on the wall of the dormitory. The next day, when the activist was taken to the Moskovsky district court of Minsk, it turned out that on the day of the inscription, <mask> <mask> was outside Belarus, which is stamped in his passport. The case was sent to the Moscow District Department of Internal Affairs in Minsk for revision, and later terminated for lack of corpus delicti. On November 12, 2020, he was detained by employees of GUBOPiK in an apartment in the village of Sasnovy of the Asipovichy District. During the arrest, pepper gas was used, and Dziadok was severely beaten. The arrested in the framework of a criminal case on "violation of public order" (Art.342 of the Criminal Code) was forced to appear on camera for the video of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. After the arrest, he was taken to Minsk to GUBOPiK, where was tortured: siloviki kept him pressed with his head to the floor, beat him with a truncheon and a Taser, strangled, and threatened to rape. Then he was taken to the detention

masks: Mikola Mikola Mikola Dziadok Mikola Dziadok


title: Félix Archimède Pouchet

texts:
<mask> (26 August 1800 – 6 December 1872) was a French naturalist and a leading proponent of spontaneous generation of life from non-living materials, and as such an opponent of Louis Pasteur's germ theory. He was the father of <mask> (1833–1894), a professor of comparative anatomy. From 1828 he was director of the Rouen Jardin des Plantes. Later, in 1838, he became professor at the School of Medicine at Rouen. His major scientific work Hétérogénie was published in 1859. He also wrote a layperson's encyclopedia The Universe, published in 1870, which gives an overview of the sciences, but in which Pouchet ridicules Louis Pasteur's theories (calling them panspermism) and atomic theory. In 1847, Pouchet effectively launched the study of the physiology of cytology.In 1848, he was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society. Early career

<mask> was born in Rouen, France, on August 26, 1800. His father was a respected manufacturer in Rouen. In 1827, Pouchet received his M.D. in Paris, and later became the director of the Rouen Museum of Natural History. He also held a chair at one of the local medical preparatory colleges in Rouen in the field of zoology, and in 1843, he received the Legion of Honour. In 1830, botanists A.Rich.ex DC. published
Pouchetia, a genus of flowering plants from Africa, belonging to the family Rubiaceae. It was named in Felix's honour. Pouchet had extensive experience in the field of traditional biology before the debate, where his main interest was animal generation. In the 1840s, he published two scientific articles. Both publications seemed to contradict his eventual support of spontaneous generation. In these publications, he believed that in the animal kingdom, generation happened through eggs that existed before fertilization.He also demonstrated reservations in spontaneous generation by supporting the beliefs of Christian Ehrenberg. Ehrenberg believed that infusoria had complex

masks:
Félix Archimède Pouchet
Georges Pouchet
Pouchet


title: Félix Archimède Pouchet

texts:
 organ systems while other protozoologists, like Fèlix Dujardin, believed that infusoria were simple organisms that could appear spontaneously. Pouchet did not seem very interested in spontaneous generation during this time, and instead studied ovule production and menstruation. Debate with Pasteur

<mask> was 60 years old while Louis Pasteur was 37 years old when the heart of the debate about spontaneous generation began. Their opinions on generation originated from two competing theories. Pouchet believed in heterogenesis, which assumed that new living organisms came from inanimate objects, such as air. The parents of these new organisms were not the same species as the new organism.Pasteur supported the germ theory that said microorganisms arose from germs and those microorganisms came from parents of the same species. He supported the idea that germs were mostly everywhere, including things like air and those germs explained the appearance of microorganisms on different inanimate things. It is unclear why Pouchet shifted his interest to spontaneous generation, but in December 1858, Pouchet presented results to the French Academy of Sciences of two experiments he conducted that he claimed supported the notion of spontaneous generation. He said that his results were the opposite of Theodore Schwann’s results that demonstrated spontaneous generation did not exist. Schwann observed that after heating oxygen in a vessel, which was thought to be important for spontaneous generation, no microorganisms grew. He said that this was a result of the germs in the oxygen or air being destroyed by the heat. Pouchet claimed that when he did Schwann's experiment, microorganisms did grow, and thus germs in the air did not produce microorganisms.His experiments did not receive a positive reaction from the academy. Most of them thought his experiments were conducted poorly and that he did not effectively control for the intrusion of


title: Julius Nepos

texts: <mask> (died 9 May 480), also known as just <mask>, ruled as Roman emperor of the West from 24 June 474 to 28 August 475. After losing power in Italy, <mask> retreated to his home province of Dalmatia, from which he continued to claim the western imperial title, with recognition from the Eastern Roman Empire, until he was murdered in 480. Though that distinction is most often awarded to <mask>' successor in Italy, Romulus Augustulus (475–476), <mask> is regarded by some historians as the last western Roman emperor, being the last widely recognised claimant to the position. A native of Dalmatia, <mask> began his career as the semi-autonomous governor of the province, succeeding his uncle Marcellinus, a prominent general, as  ('master of troops') of Dalmatia. After the death of the western emperor  Anthemius (467–472), who had been appointed by the eastern emperor Leo I (457–474), as well as Anthemius' successor Olybrius (472), Leo sought to assert his authority in the west, granting <mask> command of an army in December 473 to attack Italy and depose Glycerius (473–474), who had been proclaimed emperor by the Burgundian king Gundobad. <mask> left for Italy in the spring of 474, backed by Leo's successor Zeno, and landed with his army at Portus, near Rome. <mask> swiftly deposed Glycerius and was crowned western emperor in Rome on 24 June 474.He was the last emperor to be crowned in the city until Charlemagne in the ninth century. Whether the original intention of the invasion was to install <mask> as western emperor is unclear, but in any event, he was quickly recognised as the legitimate western emperor by Zeno. Nepos worked to restore the prestige and authority of the western empire, though mostly unsuccessfully. He may have repelled a Visigothic attack on Italy and managed to once more reduce the Burgundians into foederati. <mask> focused

masks:
Julius Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts:
 most of his attention on reasserting imperial control and authority in Gaul, but the western empire could no longer project enough strength to halt Visigothic conquests in the region. The failure to defeat the Visigoths in Gaul and Zeno's brief overthrowal in Constantinople by the usurper Basiliscus, weakened Nepos' already shaky position in Italy. In 475, <mask>' newly appointed magister militum Orestes revolted and marched on Ravenna, capital of the western empire.Unable to deal with Orestes' forces, <mask> fled back to Dalmatia and two months later, Orestes proclaimed his young son Romulus Augustulus as emperor. Although no longer in control of Italy, <mask> never renounced his claim to the western empire and continued to be recognised as the legitimate western emperor by the eastern empire. In 476, the barbarian general Odoacer deposed Romulus Augustulus and became the first king of Italy. <mask> repeatedly petitioned Zeno, who by then had defeated Basiliscus, for help in regaining control of Italy, though all he achieved was nominal recognition by Odoacer, who minted coins in <mask>' name but otherwise mostly ignored him. In 480, <mask> was murdered by two of his generals, Ovida and Viator, perhaps in Diocletian's Palace, possibly while planning an expedition of his own to recover Italy. Background

Geopolitical background

The idea that the Roman Empire had grown too large to efficiently be managed by one emperor, and was more appropriately governed by two co-ruling emperors, had become established by the time of emperor Diocletian (284–305) in the late 3rd century. Throughout the fourth century, various different divisions were made, until the empire was firmly and permanently divided into western and eastern spheres of imperial administration from the death of emperor Theodosius I (379–395) in 395 onwards.Though modern historians

masks: Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts:
 typically use the terms Western Roman Empire and Eastern Roman Empire to describe the new political situation, the Romans themselves never considered the empire to have been formally divided, still viewing it as a single unit, although most often having two rulers rather than one. The Western Roman Empire, more rural than the east, with fewer people and a less stable economy, and prone to an increasing number of Germanic barbarian invasions and settlements, experienced catastrophic decline throughout the 5th century. In 410, the Visigoths under Alaric I had sacked Rome and in 455, the last western emperor of the Theodosian dynasty, Valentinian III (425–455), was deposed and murdered. That same year, Rome was sacked again for the second time in less than fifty years, this time by the Vandals under Gaiseric, who captured Valentinian's widow, Licinia Eudoxia, and two of his daughters, Eudocia and Placidia. The Western Roman army gradually became increasingly reliant on barbarian mercenaries. After Valentinian's murder, the most powerful barbarian generals, such as Ricimer, became politically dominant, ruling through proclaiming puppet emperors. In the time between the death of Valentinian and the accession of <mask>, a period of less than twenty years, seven different emperors ruled the west and effective imperial control was only exercised in Italy, Raetia and some regions of Gaul.Ancestry and family

<mask> was a native of the Roman province of Dalmatia. Dalmatia, although politically, economically and geographically oriented towards the Western Roman Empire, had formally been under the authority of the Eastern Roman Empire since 437, when the western emperor Valentinian III had ceded it to the east. In practical terms, the province was often more or less autonomous. <mask> was the son of Nepotianus (died 465), a general who served under the

masks:
Julius Nepos
Julius Nepos
Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts:
 western emperor Majorian (457–461), and the nephew of the  ('master of troops', a high-ranking military officer) Marcellinus (died 468), being the son of one of Marcellinus' sisters. <mask> may have been part of a prominent local Roman family in Dalmatia. This is supported by memorial inscriptions from four roughly contemporary individuals; Aelia Nepotes, Aelia <mask>, another <mask> and Nepotes, having been identified from Dalmatia. <mask>' uncle Marcellinus was a prominent late Roman general, having fought the Vandals in several campaigns and playing a notable role in momentarily fending off Vandal attempts at controlling Sardinia.In 461, after the murder of emperor Majorian by Ricimer, Marcellinus appears to have planned to invade Italy to depose Ricimer's puppet emperor Libius Severus (461–465), but he was dissuaded from this course of action by the eastern emperor Leo I (457–474). <mask> married a Roman noblewoman whose name is not recorded, but who was related to the eastern empress Verina, possibly a niece of Leo I.

Marcellinus had by the time of his death been a semi-autonomous governor in Dalmatia and after his death, <mask> inherited this position. <mask> is first attested on 1 June 473, when he is described as , although it is possible that he had held that rank ever since Marcellinus' death. <mask> might have held this position until he became emperor in 474, by which point he had also become a patrician. Appointment
After the death of the western emperor Anthemius (467–472) as well as his successor Olybrius (472), who had not been recognised in the east, Leo I, the sole remaining Roman emperor, maintained that he had the right to select the new western emperor. At first, Leo did not act on this right, perhaps because he had no suitable candidates to promote or because of the violent end of Anthemius, who had been previously

masks:
Nepos
Nepos
Julius Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts:
 appointed by Leo I. In March 473, the Burgundian king Gundobad, nephew of Ricimer, appointed the  (commander of the palace guard) Glycerius as western emperor.Angered by this, Leo appointed <mask> as the commander of an army to attack Italy and depose Glycerius. Why Leo waited so long to appoint <mask> is not known, but by this time the winter meant that <mask> could not take action against Glycerius for a few months. By appointing <mask> to lead the invasion, Leo not only sought to assert his authority in the west, but perhaps also hoped to rid himself of a possible rival in the east. After the political situation in Constantinople had stabilised sufficiently in the aftermath of Leo I's death on 18 January 474, <mask> left for Italy in the spring of 474, with the backing of the new eastern emperor Zeno. Reign

Emperor in Italy (474–475)

<mask> and his force landed at Portus, near Rome, where he was promptly proclaimed , per the procedure preceding elevation to the rank of  (emperor). On 24 June, having deposed Glycerius, <mask> was proclaimed the western Augustus in Rome. Nepos thus accomplished the exact intervention into Italy that had been planned by his uncle Marcellinus some years prior.<mask> was the last emperor to be crowned in Rome until the coronation of Charlemagne in 800. Glycerius put up no resistance against <mask>, and his life was spared, being consecrated as bishop of Salona, the provincial capital of Dalmatia. It is not clear if <mask> becoming emperor had been the eastern plan, but in any event he was swiftly recognised as the legitimate western emperor by Zeno. Few records of <mask>' reign survive and little is known of his activities. He is known to have issued coins throughout Italy, such as at Rome, Ravenna and Mediolanum. Coinage minted in northern Gaul in his name indicates that his rule was accepted by the Roman

masks: Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts: general Syagrius, who ruled a more or less autonomous province of his own there. Nepos also issued symbolic coins of Zeno and his junior colleague Leo II, indicating his close ties and gratitude to the eastern court.Nepos worked to restore imperial prestige. Through his initial efforts, a Visigothic attack on Italy appears to have been repelled and the Burgundians were once again made into foederati (barbarian allies of the empire). It appears that <mask> mainly directed his efforts to attempting to restore and consolidate imperial authority in Gaul. The remaining imperial territories in Gaul were at the time being invaded by Euric, king of the Visigoths, who hoped to take control of the province Aquitania Prima. To combat the threat, <mask> appointed Ecdicius, a son of the former western emperor Avitus (455–456) as patrician and magister militum. Per the surviving writings of contemporary Gallo-Roman authors, such as Sidonius Apollinaris, <mask>' accession was enthusiastically accepted in the remaining imperial possessions in Gaul. Ecdicius successfully managed to relieve a Visigothic siege of Arles in 474, but he was less successful in 475 as there simply was not enough remaining military resources to achieve victory.Even after Ecdicius had proven unable to defeat the Visigoths, the threat of imperial invasion made Euric willing to negotiate with Nepos. In the spring of 475, <mask> sent as his ambassadors to Euric a group of Roman bishops, which included Epiphanius of Pavia, who had previously brokered peace between Ricimer and emperor Anthemius. Although Epiphanius and his delegation apparently achieved peace, a second delegation was sent later in 475, consisting of the bishops Leontius of Arles, Faustus of Riez, Graecus of Marseilles, and Basilius of Aix, possibly tasked with working out the concrete terms of the peace treaty. The Romans

masks: Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts: in Gaul, including Sidonius Apollinaris, were shocked to learn that the peace had involved ceding the Auvergne region to the Visigoths in turn for them leaving the rest of what remained under imperial control in Gaul alone. <mask>' failure to actually defeat the Visigoths, combined with Zeno being overthrown in Constantinople in early 475 by the usurper Basiliscus, weakened <mask>' position, which had been shaky in Italy from the very beginning. In his foreign policy <mask> also had to deal with the Vandals, who ruled North Africa, and their renewed and increased pirate attacks throughout the Mediterranean. Because of the weak position of the western empire, there was little else Nepos could do than to recognise the Vandal rule over the territories they had already taken in Africa and throughout the Mediterranean, such as the islands of Sardinia, Corsica and the Balearics, as well as parts of Sicily.After the failure of the Nepos' politics in Gaul, <mask> dismissed Ecdicius and replaced him as  with Orestes, a distinguished officer who had once served as  (secretary) to the Hunnic king Attila. <mask> tasked Orestes with again leading an army against the Visigoths, and against the Burgundians, who were rebelling, in southern Gaul. Orestes' army included many foederati ally troops, and Orestes learnt that they were upset with the emperor, who had refused their requests to be granted land. With the backing of this army, Orestes betrayed <mask>' orders and instead marched on Ravenna, the capital of the western empire. Hoping to maintain control, <mask> recalled Ecdicius from Gaul, but he was unable to arrive in time. On 28 August 475, Orestes entered Ravenna with his army and <mask> escaped across the Adriatic Sea to Salona in Dalmatia, having ruled in Italy for only 14 months. On 31 October, Orestes proclaimed his young son, Romulus Augustulus,

masks: Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts:
 as emperor.Exile in Dalmatia (475–480)

Little is known of <mask>' later activities in Dalmatia due to the scarcity of surviving sources. <mask> never renounced his claim to the western empire, and continued to be recognised in the east instead of Romulus Augustulus. Throughout his time in exile, <mask> hoped to regain control of Italy. On 4 September 476, Romulus Augustulus was deposed by the barbarian general Odoacer, who became the first king of Italy. Odoacer sent Romulus' western imperial regalia to Zeno in the east, and swore allegiance to him, ruling without further imperial successors in the west. Odoacer considered the Roman Empire from this point on as only requiring a single emperor, ruling from Constantinople. At the same time, an embassy from Nepos arrived in Constantinople, congratulating Zeno on regaining Constantinople from Basiliscus and requesting his assistance in restoring <mask> to power in Italy.Zeno responded to the ambassadors sent by Odoacer, members of the Roman Senate, that they had killed one east-supported emperor (Anthemius) and driven one out (<mask>) and that they would do well in receiving <mask> back as their ruler. Zeno also stated that Odoacer would do best in receiving the rank of patrician, which he had requested, not from Zeno, but from the legal western ruler, <mask>, although Zeno promised to grant the rank if <mask> would not. Zeno also urged Odoacer to accept <mask> back as emperor in Italy. Although Zeno, and Verina, who remained influential at court, officially supported <mask>' restoration and continued to regard him as the western emperor, he was not granted the necessary military support or funding to retake Italy. Odoacer only nominally accepted <mask>' rule, minting coins in the names of <mask> and Zeno in Italy and perhaps providing Nepos with a pension, and in practice ignored him. In 477 or

masks: Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos Nepos


title: Julius Nepos

texts: 478, <mask> again petitioned Zeno to help him retake Italy. Also in 477, some of the remaining imperial possessions in southern Gaul rebelled against Odoacer, probably intending to fight for the restoration of Nepos.Zeno received embassies from both Odoacer and Gaul, but was forced to support Odoacer given that supporting the Gallic rebels against Odoacer would have amounted to declaring war on Odoacer, which Zeno was not prepared to do. In 479, <mask>' hopes may have been ignited when Theodoric, the king of the Ostrogoths, offered to pledge his troops to fight for <mask>' claim. <mask> was murdered on 9 May 480, at his villa near Salona, possibly the same building as Diocletian's Palace, by members of his retinue, the  Ovida and Viator. It is possible that the former emperor Glycerius, whom Nepos had deposed, also played a leading role in the murder, possibly as the instigator. If Glycerius was not the instigator, it is possible that the murder was caused by <mask> in 480 actively beginning to prepare his forces for a real attempt at recovering Italy militarily, and that his supporters in Dalmatia were unwilling to embark on such an adventure. Though the chroniclers of the time wrote of <mask>' violent and unexpected death, it was given little attention and no actions were taken against his murderers for quite some time. Only in late 481 or 482 did Odoacer invade Dalmatia and put Ovida, who had become the ruler of the province, to death, using <mask>' murder as a convenient pretext to conquer the province for himself, a move that was indirectly acknowledged by the eastern empire given that there was no attempt to stop him.After <mask>' death, Odoacer recognised Zeno as his new suzerain and Zeno did not appoint a new western emperor, becoming the first proper sole Roman emperor of the entire empire since the death of Theodosius I in 395


title: Julius Nepos

texts:
 (though he continued to only formally control the eastern provinces). Legacy
<mask>' successor in Italy, Romulus Augustulus, is typically regarded as the last western Roman emperor, though several historians argue that this distinction is better applied to <mask>, given that he continued to rule in Dalmatia with the imperial title and the full recognition, albeit not full military support, of the eastern empire until he was murdered in 480. Romulus Augustulus by strange coincidence shares the name of both the founder of Rome (Romulus) and its first emperor (Augustus), which may, in addition to being the last western emperor to rule Italy, have contributed to him being viewed as the last emperor over <mask>. <mask> shares a similar coincidence, in that he shares his first name, <mask>, with <mask>, Augustus' adoptive father and predecessor as authoritarian ruler of the Roman state. By the time of <mask>' death in 480, the Western Roman Empire was gone and <mask> had, in the words of the Roman historian Ralph W. Mathisen, become an "unwanted anachronism"; a hindrance to Odoacer who wished to expand into Dalmatia himself and an embarrassment to Zeno, who could not offer him his full support. Though his death was seen as marking the end of the line of emperors in the west, it was barely acknowledged at the time. By the 6th century, eastern Roman historians no longer recognised <mask>' reign in Dalmatia from 475 to 480 as a legitimate continuation of his imperial reign: the 6th-century eastern historians Marcellinus Comes, Procopius and Jordanes all considered Romulus Augustulus to have been the last western emperor.Notes

References

Bibliography

5th-century births
480 deaths
5th-century Christians
5th-century murdered monarchs
5th-century Roman emperors
Deaths by stabbing in Croatia
House of <mask>
Murdered Roman

masks:
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Julius
Julius Caesar
Nepos
Nepos
Nepos
Leo Nepos


title: Bruce Anstey

texts:
<mask>  (born 21 August 1969 in New Zealand) is a professional motorcycle road racer. He is a former lap record holder on the world-famous Snaefell Mountain Course with a time of 17 minutes 6.682 seconds, at an average speed of  set during the 2014 Superbike TT Race. Anstey was signed to race for the Padgett's Honda Racing Team having previously ridden for TAS Suzuki Racing, Valmoto Triumph and DTR Yamaha. For thirteen consecutive seasons, from 2002 - 2015, <mask>y managed to secure a top three finish at the world's three most prestigious road races; the North West 200, the Isle of Man TT and the Ulster Grand Prix. A press release issued on behalf of Anstey on 10 April 2018, stated that due to illness he would not compete during the 2018 racing season. He did however ride a parade lap on board a Honda RC213V-S during the 2018 Isle of Man Festival of Motorcycling in late August.Anstey announced a return to competitive racing in July 2019 stating he would compete at the Classic TT, and secured a victory in the 250 cc event. In a BBC interview in September 2021, Anstey stated that it his intention to resume racing at the 2022 Classic TT.Racing career
Said to have been inspired to take up a career as a motorcycle racer after watching Mike Hailwood's comeback victory at the 1978 Isle of Man TT Races, Anstey made his competitive debut on Boxing Day, 1990, at the Cemetery Circuit, Whanganui in his native New Zealand, competing on a Suzuki RGV250. Isle of Man TT

Yamaha (1996-2002)

1996
Anstey made his Isle of Man TT debut at the 1996 event. Riding a Yamaha he

masks:
Bruce Anstey
Bruce Anste


title: Bruce Anstey

texts:
 podium in the first Supersport. A 5th place in the Superstock was followed by another 2nd in the second Supersport race.Anstey rounded off the week's racing with 3rd place in the Senior. 2013 TT Results

2014
Anstey's renowned consistency was particularly evident at the 2014 TT. He posted a 4th place in the Superbike race, followed by 2nd in the Supersport and 3rd in the Superstock. The 2014 TT also saw <mask>'s debut in the TT Zero Class in which he finished in 2nd place to John McGuinness on an identical Mugen Shinden San. Another 2nd place followed in the second of the Supersport events and the week was rounded off with 4th in the Senior. In the Superbike TT, Anstey set a new outright lap record for the Mountain Course. In addition to his haul of six silver replicas, Anstey was also awarded the prestigious John Williams Trophy for the fastest lap in the Superbike TT Race and the Jimmy Simpson Trophy, which is presented to the rider who has achieved the fastest lap of the meeting.2014 TT Results

2015

Superbike TT

On Sunday 7 June 2015 Anstey achieved the highlight of his career, winning the Superbike TT. Lying in second place behind race leader Ian Hutchinson Anstey took the race lead following the pit stops at the end of lap four. Astride a Padgett's Honda Anstey began to extend his lead, claiming victory by 10.97 seconds on corrected time following  of racing. Added to the victory, Anstey also set a new race record and the fastest lap of the race on his sixth lap at an average speed of 131.977 mph. Following his success in the Superbike race Anstey


title: Bruce Anstey

texts:
 also claimed the John Williams Trophy for the second year in succession. Supersport (Race 1)

Anstey's 2015 campaign continued when he took a 2nd place behind the rejuvenated Hutchinson in the first of the Supersport races and followed this by finishing 9th in the Superstock. TT Zero

Riding for the Mugen Shinden team, Anstey then competed in the TT Zero, his second year competing in the class, taking his electrically powered machine to second place behind Mugen teammate, John McGuinness.Supersport (Race 2)

In the second Supersport race of the week Anstey continued his run of podium positions, again finishing 2nd to Ian Hutchinson. Senior TT

The Senior TT was red flagged midway through lap 2, following an incident involving Jamie Hamilton. A restart followed with the race reduced to 4 laps. Anstey concluded a highly satisfactory week's racing by taking 8th place in the restarted race. 2015 TT Results

2016
Remaining with Honda for 2016, it was announced that <mask> was to ride a Honda RC213V-S at the TT, specially prepared by the Valvoline Racing by Padgett's Motorcycles Team. Various adjustments had to be made to the machine in order for it to withstand six laps of the punishing 37.73 mile Snaefell Mountain Course with such parts as the wheels, the forks, the rear shocks, the brakes and the radiator guards all having to be specially made. Anstey was enjoying a reasonably successful qualifying week until he came off his Honda Fireblade, CBR1000RR Superbike at Keppel Gate during qualifying on Thursday 2 June, as a result of which he received various


title: Bruce Anstey

texts:
 fastest motorcycle racing circuit in the world. 2011

Having signed for Padgett's Honda, Anstey took a solitary victory at the 2011 meeting taking the winner's garland in the Superspport 600cc class. 2012

Again a single victory was all Anstey was able to secure at the 2012 UGP when he again came home at the head of the field in one of the Supersport races. 2013

Whilst he failed to gain top spot on the podium at the 2013 Ulster Grand Prix, the meeting saw a return of the consistency of which Anstey is so renowned.Clinching the runner-up position in the opening Superbike race, this was followed by a brace of runner up positions in both Supersport outings and a 3rd place in the Superstock. The signature race, the Ulster Grand Prix, saw Anstey come home in 4th place to conclude a very rewarding meeting. 2014

Anstey's campaign at the 2014 event saw him take the honors once more in the opening Supersport race. He then enjoyed further success when he went on to win the blue riband Superbike race. Anstey's brace of wins saw him named 'Man of the Meeting'. 2015

At the 2015 Ulster Grand Prix Anstey took the honours in the associated event, the Dundrod 150 as well as taking victory in the main event, in controversial circumstances. The feature event, the Ulster Grand Prix, was red flagged following an incident towards the end of lap 7.The race organisers decided to give the victory to <mask>, who had been leading at the end of lap 4, citing they could not take the standings after the fifth lap because some riders had not completed it when the red flags went up.


title: Bruce Anstey

texts:
 Tramman. 2016 Classic TT Results

2017
Anstey returned to the Isle of Man for the Classic TT Races in August, 2017. Practice saw him amongst the higher end of the field prior to his opening race, the Dunlop Classic Lightweight TT.On a Honda RS250R, <mask> lead the field from the start during the four lap race,  breaking his previous year's lap record, becoming the first 250 cc rider to pass the 120 mph barrier, recording a fastest lap of . 2017 Classic TT Results

2019
Having recovered sufficiently from the effects of his cancer treatment, Anstey made a return to racing at the 2019 Classic TT in August. From the start of the four-lap post-classic 250 cc race, Anstey took the lead bringing his 250 cc Honda into first place by a margin of 70 seconds over his team mate, Davy Todd. 2019 Classic TT Results

Personal life
Anstey tends to shy away from un-warranted media attention, although he is not averse to giving interviews. Together with his partner, Anny, he spends his time away from racing at his home in Cullybackey, County Antrim, having moved there from Windsor or in New Zealand. A popular joke amongst the motorcycle racing paddock surrounds Anstey's propensity for sleeping. It is often referred to that his racing results reflect which time the race occurs – the later in the day, the better.Illness

<mask>'s racing career suffered a setback in 1995 when he was diagnosed with testicular cancer. Having made his first appearance at the Isle of Man TT Races in 1996, he was forced to miss the 1997 meeting as a consequence of undergoing treatment. Although

masks: Anstey Anstey


title: Bruce Anstey

texts:
 being declared free of the disease, he has stated that he still feels the lingering effects part of which affect his immune system. In April 2018 it was revealed that Anstey needed treatment after several cancerous tumours had been found in his lungs and on his spine, in addition to a blood clot on one of his lungs, which ruled him out of racing for the 2018 season. Anstey underwent an operation in 2019. In an interview with the BBC in September 2021 he stated that he believes the operation to have been successful, however he still has to undergo blood tests every three months. Pre-ride rituals
On numerous occasions prior to races, a traditional New Zealand Haka has been performed for Anstey.He also received a Haka following his win at the 2015 Ulster Grand Prix. Helmets
Anstey is contracted to the Arai Helmet Company, his current helmet design is the Arai RX7-RC. Awards
In the 2015 New Year Honours, Anstey was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit for services to motorsport. <mask> was inducted into the Motorcycle NZ Hall of fame on 15 May 2021. Nicknames
Anstey is widely recognized as one of the most laid-back racers in motorcycling and is known by at several nicknames; one being "Smiler," a name bestowed on him by members of his family, and used by motorcycle racing commentator Fred Clarke. Other nicknames by which Anstey is popularly known are "<mask>," "The Wellington Wonder" and "The Flying Kiwi." Complete TT record

References

External links

1969 births
Sportspeople from Wellington City
Isle of Man TT riders
New Zealand motorcycle

masks:
Bruce
Bruce Almighty


title: Joseph Görres

texts:
<mask>, since <mask> (25 January 1776 – 29 January 1848), was a German writer, philosopher, theologian, historian and journalist. Early life
Görres was born in Koblenz. His father was moderately well off, and sent his son to a Latin college under the direction of the Roman Catholic clergy. The young Görres' sympathies were initially with the French Revolution, and the French exiles in the Rhineland confirmed his beliefs, which would then evolve over time. He harangued the revolutionary clubs, and insisted on the unity of interests which would ally all civilized states to one another. He began a republican journal called Das rote Blatt, and afterwards Rübezahl, in which he strongly condemned the administration of the Rhenish provinces by France. After the Treaty of Campo Formio (1797) there was hope that the Rhenish provinces would be constituted into an independent republic.In 1799 the provinces sent an embassy, of which Görres was a member, to Paris to put their case before the directory. The embassy reached Paris on 20 November 1799; two days before this Napoleon had assumed power. After much delay he received the embassy; but the only answer they obtained was "that they might rely on perfect justice, and that the French government would never lose sight of their wants". <mask> on his return published a tract called Resultate meiner Sendung nach Paris, in which he reviewed the history of the French Revolution. During the thirteen years of Napoleon's dominion Görres lived a quiet life, devoting himself chiefly to art or science. In 1801 he married Catherine de Lasaulx, and for some years taught at a secondary school in Koblenz; in 1806 he moved to Heidelberg, where he lectured at the university. British lawyer and diarist Henry Crabb Robinson met Görres during this

masks:
Johann Joseph Görres
1839 von Görres
Görres


title: Joseph Görres

texts:
 time.A quote from his diary:

Görres has the wildest physiognomy – looks like an overgrown old student. A faun-like nose and lips, fierce eyes, and locks as wild as Caliban’s. Strong sense, with a sort of sulky indifference toward others, are the characteristics of his manner. Clemens Brentano compared his appearance to that

[...] of an old lion shaking and pulling his mane caught in the bars of his cage. As a leading member of the Heidelberg Romantic group, he edited together with Brentano and Ludwig Achim von Arnim the Zeitung für Einsiedler (subsequently renamed Trost-Einsamkeit), and in 1807 he published Die deutschen Volksbücher (literally, The Books of the German People). He returned to Koblenz in 1808, and again found occupation as a teacher in a secondary school, supported by civic funds. He now studied Persian, and in two years published a Mythengeschichte der asiatischen Welt (History of the Myths of the Asiatic World), which was followed ten years later by Das Heldenbuch von Iran (The Book of Heroes of Iran), a translation of part of the Shahnama, the epic of Firdousi.Editor of the Merkur
In 1813 he again took up the cause of national independence, and in the following year founded Der rheinische Merkur. The outspokenness of its hostility to Napoleon made it influential, and Napoleon himself called it "a fifth power". It campaigned for a united Germany, with a representative government, but under an emperor, Görres having abandoned his earlier advocacy of republicanism. When Napoleon was at Elba, <mask> wrote an ironic imaginary proclamation issued by him to the people. He criticised the second peace of Paris (1815), declaring that Alsace and Lorraine should have been demanded back from France. Stein used the Merkur at the time of the meeting of the


title: Joseph Görres

texts:
 congress of Vienna to give expression to his hopes. But Hardenberg, in May 1815, warned Görres to remember that he was not to arouse hostility against France, but only against Napoleon.There was also in the Merkur an antipathy to Prussia, expression of the desire that an Austrian prince should assume the imperial title, and also a tendency to liberalism—all distasteful to Hardenberg, and to his master Friedrich Wilhelm III. Görres disregarded warnings sent to him by the censorship, so that the Merkur was suppressed early in 1816, at the instance of the Prussian government; and soon after <mask> was dismissed from his teaching post. Life as an independent writer
He supported himself by his pen, and he became a political pamphleteer. In the excitement which followed Kotzebue's assassination, the reactionary decrees of Carlsbad were framed, and these were the subject of Görres’ pamphlet Teutschland und die Revolution ("Germany and the Revolution", 1820). In this work he reviewed the circumstances which had led to the murder of August von Kotzebue, and, while expressing horror at the deed itself, he urged that it was impossible and undesirable to repress the free utterance of public opinion. The success of the work was marked, despite a ponderous style. It was suppressed by the Prussian government, and orders were issued for the arrest of Görres and the seizure of his papers.He escaped to Strasbourg, and thence went to Switzerland. Two more political tracts were Europa und die Revolution ("Europe and the Revolution", 1821) and In Sachen der Rheinprovinzen und in eigener Angelegenheit ("In the matter of the Rhine Province and in a matter of my own", 1822). In the former book – read with avidity throughout Germany. – Görres describes the moral, intellectual and political


title: Joseph Görres

texts:
 corruption of France in the course of the eighteenth century as the major cause which led to the revolution:

In his pamphlet Die heilige Allianz und die Völker auf dem Congresse von Verona ("The Holy Alliance and the peoples represented at the congress of Verona", 1822) Görres asserted that the princes had met together to crush the liberties of the people, and that the people must look elsewhere for help. The "elsewhere" was to Rome; and from this time <mask> became an Ultramontane writer. He was summoned to Munich by King Ludwig of Bavaria as professor of history in the university, and there his writing enjoyed popularity. Since his sojourn in Strasbourg, Görres had studied the mystic testimonies of various epochs.He went into the mystical writers of the Middle Ages such as María de Ágreda as well as observing, partly in person, the ecstatic young women of his time (Maria von Mörl, and others), and strove to comprehend more thoroughly the nature of Christian mysticism. His Christliche Mystik ("On christian mysticism", 4 vols., 1836–1842; 2nd ed., 5 vols., 1879) gave a series of biographies of the saints, together with an exposition of Roman Catholic mysticism. But his most celebrated ultramontane work was a polemical one. Its occasion was the deposition and imprisonment by the Prussian government of the archbishop Clement Wenceslaus reportedly due to his refusal to sanction in certain instances the marriages of Protestants and Roman Catholics. In his Athanasius (1837), Görres upheld the power of the church, although liberals of later claimed he never insisted on the absolute supremacy of Rome. Athanasius went through several editions, and initiated a long and bitter controversy. In the Historisch-politische Blätter ("Historical-political pages"), a Munich


title: Joseph Görres

texts:
 journal, Görres and his son Guido (1805–1852) continued to uphold the claims of the church.On New Year's Day of 1839, <mask> received the "Civil Order of Merit" from the king for his services. Death
He died 29 January 1848, the year of the fall of Metternich, and was buried in the Alter Südfriedhof in Munich. Publications

 Der allgemeine Frieden, ein Ideal (1798). Aphorismen über Kunst (1802). Glauben und Wissen (1805). Die teutschen Volksbücher. Nähere Würdigung der schönen Historien-, Wetter- und Arzneybüchlein […] (1807).Schriftproben von Peter Hammer (1808). Über den Fall Teutschlands und die Bedingungen seiner Wiedergeburt (1810). Mythengeschichte der asiatischen Welt (1810). Lohengrin, ein altteutsches Gedicht (1813). Rheinischer Merkur (1814–1816). Teutschland und die Revolution (1819). Beantwortung der in den jetzigen Zeiten für jeden Teutschen besonders wichtigen Frage: Was haben wir zu erwarten?(1814). Europa und die Revolution (1821). Firdusi (1822). Die heilige Allianz und die Völker auf dem Congresse von Verona (1822). Introduction to Melchior von Diepenbrock's Heinrich Susos, genannt Amandus, Leben und Schriften (1829). Über die Grundlage, Gliederung und Zeitenfolge der Weltgeschichte (1830). Nachruf auf Achim von Arnim (1831).Vier Sendschreiben an Herrn Culmann, Sekretär der Ständeversammlung (1831). Ministerium, Staatszeitung, Rechte und Unrechte Mitte (1831). Athanasius (1837). Die Triarier H. Leo, Dr. P. Marheinecke, D. K. Bruno (1838). Die christliche Mystik (1836–1842). Kirche und Staat nach Ablauf der Cölner Irrung (1842). Der Dom von Köln und das Münster von Strasburg (1842).Introduction to Das Leben Christi, by Johann Nepomuk Sepp (1843). Die Japhetiden und ihre gemeinsame Heimat Armenien. Akademische Festrede (1844). Die drei Grundwurzeln


title: Joseph Görres

texts:
 des celtischen Stammes und ihre Einwanderung (1845). Die Wallfahrt nach Trier (1845). Die Aspecten an der Zeitenwende. Zum neuen Jahre 1848 (last and unfinished article, 1848).Works in English translation
 Germany and the Revolution. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1820. Influences
 Richard Wagner was an avid reader of Görres' Lohengrin introduction, since the 1840s, as well as (less enthusiastically) of the Christliche Mystik (read in 1875). Carl Jung mentions reading Görres as a young man in his autobiography, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (Pantheon Books, 1963, p. 99) . The Görres Society was founded on 25 January 1876 in honour of Görres to advance Roman Catholic studies. See also
 Guido Görres

References

Further reading
 Berger, Martin (1921). Görres als politischer Publizist.Bonn und Leipzig: K. Schroeder. Coker, F. W. (1910). “The Organismic Analogies of Görres.” In: Organismic Theories of the State. Columbia University Press, pp. 44–47. Dickerhof, Harald (1999). Görres-Studien.Paderborn: Schöningh. Heuvel, Jon Vanden (2001). A German Life in the Age of Revolution: <mask>, 1776–1848, Catholic University of America Press. Menzel, Wolfgang (1840). German Literature, Vol. 2, Vol. 3.Boston: Hilliard, Gray and Company. Münster, Hans A. (1926). Die öffentliche Meinung in Johann Josef <mask>' Politischer Publizistik. Berlin: Staatspolitischer Verlag. Raab, Heribert (1978). <mask>, ein Leben für Freiheit und Recht.Paderborn: Schöningh. External links
 Biography of <mask>, German and English
 Encyclopædia Britannica: <mask> Görres

 <mask>rres: "Something to Sell," 1798

1776 births
1848 deaths
Politicians from Heidelberg
19th-century German Catholic theologians
Writers from Heidelberg
Writers from Koblenz
Roman Catholic activists
Burials at the

masks:
Joseph Görres
Görres
Joseph Görres
Joseph Görres
Joseph von
Joseph Gö


title: Bernice Fisher

texts:
<mask> (December 8, 1916 – May 2, 1966) was a civil rights activist and union organizer. She was among the co-founders of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) in 1942 in Chicago, Illinois. Civil rights leader and union organizer
As an activist <mask> headed a cell with the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) in Chicago to concentrate on race relations. This small cell provided the people for the beginnings of the Committee on Racial Equality which they soon renamed the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). James Farmer was among the co-founders. The founding members of CORE were James Farmer, <mask>, George Houser, Homer A. Jack, James Russell Robinson, and Joe Guinn. Bayard Rustin, while not a founder of CORE, was a campus traveler for the Fellowship of Reconciliation; he worked with and advised the founders.Houser reported that James Farmer, in addition to his Chicago activities, traveled the country with FOR and spoke about his national vision for CORE. He said that <mask> was the nuts and bolts person for CORE in Chicago and later St. Louis. Houser mentioned pre-CORE and initial activities in Chicago of Jim Farmer, Jim Robinson, <mask> <mask>, Homer Jack and Joe Guinn that included the Fellowship house (an early effort at desegregating housing), Jack Spratt restaurant sit-in, and White City roller-rink among others. He spoke highly of <mask> <mask> and of her importance to the development of CORE. <mask> has been called the "godmother of the restaurant 'sit-in' technique" by fellow activist and union organizer Ernest Calloway, who worked closely with <mask> in St. Louis and admired her. <mask> worked tirelessly to establish the Committee On Racial Equality. Soon the founders, including <mask>, changed the name to Congress of Racial Equality CORE.This group introduced the sit-in as a tactic

masks:
Elsie Bernice Fisher
Fisher
Bernice Fisher
Fisher
Bernice
Fisher
Bernice
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher


title: Bernice Fisher

texts: in challenging racial segregation in public accommodations. <mask> was instrumental in establishing the sit-in as a nonviolent technique in the Civil Rights Movement. In 1942 CORE's six founders followed the nonviolent organizing techniques outlined in Krishnalal Shridharani's War Without Violence. This was Shridharani's doctoral thesis at Columbia, and within the year had become a national bestseller. Shridharani, an intimate of Gandhi, who had been jailed in the Salt March, had codified Gandhi's techniques. Gandhi had not wanted his followers to codify his teachings, as he had wanted people to come to India, study intensively and experience the movement first-hand. However, the British Indian authorities were restricting Gandhi's non-Indian followers from coming into India, and travelling outside of the subcontinent was beyond the means of most of his followers.<mask> made a list of rules to follow at demonstrations, based on Gandhi's teachings, that was distributed as a handbill at some demonstrations. Following Gandhi's first rule of involving the community and finding out its priorities, this first group of <mask>'s concentrated on integrating housing, repealing laws against integrating neighborhoods in Chicago, and integrating restaurants and amusement venues in Chicago. News of CORE's work spread and others followed their lead. In 1943, shortly after the first CORE sit-ins, a group of seventeen young women at Howard University in Washington DC began an unpublicized sit-in at a luncheonette in the Howard neighborhood. They had become acquainted with CORE through Fellowship of Reconciliation Campus Travelers Bayard Rustin and James Farmer. The group at Howard included Ruth Powell, Marianne Musgrave, Patricia Roberts, & Juanita Morrow Nelson, and they were represented by Pauli Murray, who

masks: Fisher Fisher Fisher


title: Bernice Fisher

texts: was then in Howard Law School. <mask> became an organizer of department store workers in Chicago.During World War II, wages were frozen by government order, but despite a freeze on prices, inflation was rampant. Working conditions for department store employees were  onerous: women were not allowed to sit at work, they had no regular breaks, wages were low, and the stores were understaffed. Better pay for women was available in industry, for those who were free to take advantage of the opportunity. <mask> was brought to St. Louis by Harold Gibbons of the Teamsters, one of the most progressive labor leaders in America at the time. Gibbons had hired Ernest Calloway, an African-American organizer, who would work in the segregated mid-South for the Teamsters. He hired <mask> on the recommendation of Calloway, who had been impressed by her work in Chicago. During her years in St. Louis, <mask> organized that city's chapter of CORE, which produced many of the organization's national leaders.St. Louis CORE kept the national organization going in the late 1940s and the 1950s. They refined many of the techniques promoted by the Chicago group. Others associated with the St. Louis chapter were Marian O'Fallon Oldham, Charles Oldham, Irving & Margaret Dagen, Joe & Billie Ames, Marvin Rich, Norman Seay and Wanda Penny. St. Louis CORE became a leading exponent of the nonviolent direct action as applied to race relations. During the last ten years of her life, <mask> was active with the Concord Baptist Church of Christ in Brooklyn, New York. She was Co-Chairman with Cyprian Belle Concord of the Social Action Committee created by the Concord Baptist Church. <mask> lived most of her adult life in New York, St. Louis, and Chicago.She participated in many civil-rights nonviolent direct-action activities and labor

masks: Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher Fisher


title: Bernice Fisher

texts:
 union anti-discrimination efforts in those cities. She was long associated with the labor movement and served as an official with several unions, including the United Federation of Teachers, Retail Wholesale and Department Stores Union, CIO; the Government and Civic Organizing Committee in Chicago; the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Workers in New York, and others. She had also been active with the Housing Conference of Chicago. She was also serving on the executive board of Brooklyn NAACP and on the National Board of the Workers Defense League. She is buried at The Evergreens Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.<ref>BROOKLYN EDITION, Amsterdam News; CORE Founder Dies Saturday, May 7, 1966-B.</ref>THE CONCORD BAPTIST CHURCH OF CHRIST; Services of Homegoing, Brooklyn, New York, May 4, 1966. Education
<mask> graduated from the University of Chicago on June 18, 1943, with a major area of Divinity. She previously studied at Colgate Rochester Divinity School, Rochester, N.Y., which she attended from 1939 to 1941, and studied at the Rochester Collegiate Center, 1935 to 1936.She graduated from Monroe High School in Rochester in 1934. Family
<mask>'s father was Jay Merritt <mask>, born August 21, 1877, Syracuse, New York to Charles Gold <mask>, M.D., and Annie (Schutt) <mask>. He moved with his family to Pennsylvania about 1880. Her mother was Annie Rosetta (Morrison<mask>, born April 17, 1881, Ambrose, Indiana County, Pennsylvania, daughter of George Morrison and Emma (Goodwin) Morrison. Her brother was Donald Morrison <mask>, born March 10, 1911, Punxsutawney, Pa., and died March 21, 1983, Syracuse, New York. Donald with E. Ruth (Loke) had five children, Thomas G<mask>, Dennis G<mask>, Frank W<mask>, Craig W<mask> and Christine E<mask>. See also
Civil Rights Movement
Timeline of the civil

masks:
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
Fisher
) Fisher
Fisher
. Fisher
. Fisher
. Fisher
. Fisher
. Fisher


title: Bernice Fisher

texts:
 rights movement
Greensboro sit-ins

 Books Victory without Violence, The First Ten Years Of The St. Louis Committee Of Racial Equality (CORE), 1947-1957 by Mary Kimbrough and Margaret W. Dagen, Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press, 2000.The dedication page to Victory Without Violence reads: "To <mask> <mask>, whose voice sounded the call to action. And to the memory of the members of the St. Louis Committee of Racial Equality who pursued a quiet but determined crusade for human rights. "Lay Bare The Heart: An Autobiography of The Civil Rights Movement by James Farmer, 1985, Plume Book, New American Library. Frazier, Nishani (2017). Harambee City: Congress of Racial Equality in Cleveland and the Rise of Black Power Populism. University of Arkansas Press. .

 Miscellaneous sources PERSONAL HISTORY QUESTIONNAIRE, The City of New York, Department of Personnel, 4 pages, completed by <mask> <mask>; undated but contains these years and cities of residence: 1931 Jamestown, N.Y.; 1931-1941 Rochester, N.Y.; 1941-1945 Chicago, Ill; 1945-1946 Chicago and Detroit; 1946-1949 St. Louis, Mo. ; 1953-1956 Chicago, Ill.; 1956–present Brooklyn, N.Y. (Note: <mask> was still living in Brooklyn, New York when she died in May 1966.Ledger No.5281 Union Card expires December 31, 1942, Sister <mask> <mask>, Warehousemen, Loaders, Stackers and Graders, Local 688...of the I.B. of T.C.W. and H. of A. affiliated with the A. F. of L. and Honorable Withdrawal Card of Bernice <mask>, Local No. 688, is dated 9 May 1949 are in the possession of Frank W<mask>.Unacknowledged Leaders: Sarah Lawrence Conference, Sisters in Struggle, Sheila Shiki y Michaels, New York, NY, 8 March 2003; Sheila Shiki y Michaels, New York, NY, 11 November 2002.Oral Histories, The Reminiscences of George Houser, James R. Robinson and Marvin

masks:
Bernice
Fisher
Bernice
Fisher
Fisher
Bernice
Fisher
Fisher
. Fisher


title: Bernice Fisher

texts:
 Rich in the Sheila Michaels Oral History Collection of Columbia University in New York City.United Federation of Teachers newspaper, UFT Expands Union Organizing Staff page 5; my copy has only pages 5 through 8 and doesn't give the date of publication, but it contains the page 5 story, and board meeting minutes of Nov. 4 and 16, 1964 on page 8. There is much discussion by Farmer and Houser on the founding of CORE in several issues of Fellowship
magazine of the Fellowship of Reconciliation in 1992 (Spring, Summer and Winter issues). Participants in a conference on Oct. 22 1992, "Erasing the Color Line in the North," attended by both Houser and Farmer, agreed that the founders of CORE were Jim Farmer, George Houser and <mask> <mask>. James Farmer, in his book Lay Bare The Heart'', discusses "CORE IS BORN" (Chapter 10)He mentions Bob "Chino" (the Hispanic nickname for a Chinese man, by which he was widely known), and Hugo Victoreen as well as George Houser, Bernice <mask>, Jimmy Robinson, Joe Guinn, Homer Jack and himself as participants when the organization CORE was formed.Bernice became secretary and Jimmy became treasurer. The Wisconsin Historical Society is home to a large collection of the papers of the Congress of Racial Equality, Wisconsin Historical Society, 816 State St., Madison, Wisconsin 53706

An extensive oral history collection related to the Congress of Racial Equality is kept at Howard University, Washington, DC 20059. Interviews can be found online here. The University of Texas at Austin retains the papers of James and Lula Farmer. These contain material related to <mask> <mask>. The inventory of the archive is available online here. References

1916 births
1966 deaths
People from Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania
American civil rights activists
Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity

masks: Bernice Fisher Fisher Bernice Fisher


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
<mask> (born 9 April 1975) is an English football manager and former player, who most recently managed East Bengal in the Indian Super League. As a player he was a striker, and is the seventh-highest goalscorer in the history of the Premier League. He is best known for his time at Liverpool, initially from 1993 to 2001. He scored 183 goals in total for Liverpool, earning the nickname "God" from the Anfield fans, and he remains Liverpool's top scorer in the Premier League. He subsequently played for Leeds United and Manchester City, before returning to Liverpool in January 2006. He moved to Cardiff City eighteen months later. He played there for a year before transferring to Blackburn Rovers on a short-term deal.In December 2008, he departed Blackburn and played in Australia with North Queensland Fury and Perth Glory. In 2011, he joined Thai side Muangthong United as a player, but later was appointed player-manager, which he remained until his retirement in 2012. He was capped for England 26 times, scoring 7 goals. <mask> was included in England's squads for Euro 1996, Euro 2000 and the 2002 World Cup. Socially aware, <mask> showed support for the Liverpool dockers' strike during a goal celebration in 1997 where he unveiled a t-shirt which incorporated the Calvin Klein "CK" into the word doCKer. Early life
<mask> was born in Toxteth, Liverpool, and brought up in the inner city area of Liverpool. At this time he was known as Robert Ryder, his mother's surname.He lived in Toxteth at the time of the 1981 Toxteth riots, when he was six years old. As a youngster he supported Everton F.C. He played regularly for schoolboy team Thorvald, and once scored 16 times in a 26–0 rout. Club career

Liverpool

masks:
Robert Bernard Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts: Despite growing up as an Everton fan, <mask>'s career began with Liverpool. He signed as a youth team player on leaving school in the summer of 1991, signing professional terms on his 17th birthday, 9 April 1992. <mask>'s first involvement with the Liverpool first team came on 13 January 1993, when he was an unused substitute in an FA Cup third round tie against Bolton Wanderers. In the following close season, <mask> helped the England under-18 team win the 1993 European Championship, before making a scoring first-team debut in Liverpool's 3–1 win in a first round League Cup tie at Fulham on 22 September 1993.<mask> scored all five goals in the second leg at Anfield two weeks later, making him the fourth player in Liverpool's history to score five in a senior fixture. He scored his first league hat-trick against Southampton in only his fifth league game. His very first league goal for the Reds had come on 16 October 1993, when an 87th-minute equaliser at home to struggling Oldham Athletic saved the Reds from what would have been one of the biggest Premier League shocks of the season, with a last gasp own goal giving Liverpool a 2–1 win. He scored twice in a thrilling 3–3 draw at Tottenham Hotspur on 18 December. His first 13 games for the club yielded 12 goals, and he was rewarded with an England Under-21 debut against San Marino in November 1993, in which he scored England's opening goal in the third minute. <mask> was unable to sustain his goal-a-game ratio throughout the season, but finished his first season as the club's second top scorer with 18 goals in all competitions, Ian Rush had scored 19. It was, however, a disappointing season for Liverpool, as they finished eighth in the Premier

masks: Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 League without making an impact in any of the major competitions, though the departure of Graeme Souness as manager and the appointment of Roy Evans as successor built up hope for a brighter future at Anfield after the disappointment of the first two FA Premier League seasons.Success and fame
During the 1994–95 season <mask> was a constant member of the Liverpool side, playing in all of their 57 competitive matches, including the victory in the 1995 League Cup final, and a match against Arsenal in which he scored what was then the Premier League's second-fastest hat-trick ever, in four minutes and 33 seconds. His record stood for twenty years until broken by Sadio Mané on 16 May 2015 for Southampton against Aston Villa, who scored three goals in two minutes and 56 seconds. He scored braces against Aston Villa, Ipswich Town, Chelsea and Norwich City in the league that season. <mask> was voted the PFA Young Player of the Year in two consecutive years in 1995 and 1996, a feat also achieved only by Ryan Giggs, Wayne Rooney and Dele Alli. Throughout the mid and late 1990s, <mask> was widely considered to be the most natural finisher playing in England. <mask> sealed this reputation as he scored more than 30 goals for three consecutive seasons, up to 1997. He remains the only player to have scored 30 plus goals in his first three full seasons in England scoring 98 goals with a total of 116 in just over three years.<mask>'s partnership with Steve McManaman was largely described as the reason why Liverpool had become the club known for being the most potent attacking force in England at the time, and <mask> was renowned for scoring goals of all varieties, from every angle and distance, with McManaman

masks: Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts: describing him as the "greatest goalscorer of all time". Stan Collymore, <mask>'s regular strike partner for two seasons from 1995, said in his autobiography that <mask> was the best player he has ever played alongside. <mask> and Collymore were among the most prolific goal-scoring strike partnerships in England during the 1995–96 season, with £8.4million signing Collymore replacing the veteran Ian Rush as <mask>'s regular partner in attack after his arrival in June 1995. In the same season, he scored twice in a 4–3 victory over Newcastle United, a match voted the best of the decade in a Premier League poll. The match helped prevent Newcastle from winning the league, but it was not enough for Liverpool to clinch the title; they finished third while Manchester United were crowned champions. <mask> also played in his first FA Cup final that season, but was on the losing side as Manchester United won 1–0. He had scored four goals against United in the league that season, scoring twice in a 2–2 draw at Old Trafford on 1 October 1995, and twice in a 2–0 win at Anfield on 16 December.<mask> received a call-up to the full England squad and won his first cap on 27 March 1996 as a substitute in a friendly against Bulgaria. His first start at international level was against Croatia which was the England game following his substitute appearance. <mask> was part of the England squad for Euro 1996, making two appearances in the tournament. On 14 December 1996, he scored four against Middlesbrough, including his hundredth for Liverpool. This meant he reached a century of goals one game quicker than his first strike partner, Ian Rush, in just 165 games. That year, he also won a UEFA Fair Play award for

masks: Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 denying that he had been fouled by Arsenal goalkeeper David Seaman at Highbury after a penalty had been given. After unsuccessfully trying to persuade the referee to change his decision about the penalty, <mask> took it tamely and Seaman saved.However, Seaman failed to hold on to the ball and Jason McAteer scored from the rebound. Although many people believe that he deliberately took the penalty kick poorly for reasons of fair play, <mask> said at the time: "As a goalscorer it's part of my job to take it and I wanted to score it. I tried to score. I never missed on purpose. It just happened, it was a bad penalty." Spice Boys
<mask> was part of a group of Liverpool players from the mid-1990s who were dubbed "The Spice Boys" by the press following a series of off-field controversies. The term was coined by the Daily Mail, and arose due to misplaced rumours that <mask> was dating Spice Girl Emma Bunton.The term was subsequently used in a derogatory manner, implying <mask> and colleagues such as Jamie Redknapp, Stan Collymore, David James and Steve McManaman were underachieving playboys. Still, Liverpool were top of the Premier League by Christmas 1996. By the end of January, however, they had been leapfrogged by Manchester United, who remained top for the rest of the season. <mask>'s performance in the 1997–98 football season was marred by an anterior cruciate (knee) ligament injury that kept him out of action for half of the season and caused him to miss the 1998 World Cup. During this period of injury, fellow Liverpool striker, Michael Owen rose to prominence, making his debut in 1997. Owen established himself in the Liverpool team in <mask>'s absence and played alongside him when <mask>

masks: Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 regained his fitness. In 1999, <mask> was fined £60,000 by his club for bringing the game into disrepute.While celebrating his goal against Liverpool's Merseyside rivals, Everton, <mask> used the white line of the penalty area to simulate cocaine use. Liverpool manager Gérard Houllier stated that this was a Cameroonian grass-eating celebration, learnt from teammate Rigobert Song. Defending himself, <mask> later said this was a response to Everton fans who had insulted him with false accusations of drug abuse. <mask> received a four-match suspension from the FA for this incident. At the same FA disciplinary hearing, <mask> received a further two-match suspension due to a separate incident in which he had homophobically taunted the Chelsea defender Graeme Le Saux by waving his backside at him as Le Saux's wife and children watched from the stands. <mask> later attempted to justify his actions by suggesting his taunts were simply an extension of gamesmanship. The FA imposed a £32,000 fine and a six-match ban for the two incidents.While <mask> sent a "letter of apology " to Le Saux for the incident, Le Saux retained that it was "not an apology". Winning the cup treble
The 2000–01 season was <mask>'s most successful season. He scored 17 goals, appeared in three finals, and lifted three trophies in a unique cup treble. In the absence of Jamie Redknapp, who was sidelined by injury, <mask> was named as Liverpool captain when he started. However he found himself the third-choice Liverpool striker, with Houllier favouring a forward partnership of Michael Owen and Emile Heskey. He took part in a fourth-round League Cup hammering of Stoke City, scoring a hat-trick in an 8–0 victory, which was second only

masks: Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 to the club's biggest ever win in 1986 – a 10–0 defeat of Fulham. In the League Cup final against Birmingham City, the club's first cup final since 1996, he captained the side and scored in the 30th minute.Liverpool went on to win the trophy on penalties, with <mask> scoring Liverpool's fifth in the shootout. <mask> picked up the Alan Hardaker Man of the Match award and lifted the trophy. <mask>'s season picked up from there as he scored several important goals including one against runaway champions Manchester United and a free kick in the FA Cup semi-final against Wycombe Wanderers. <mask> featured as a substitute in the 2001 FA Cup Final coming on as a 77th-minute replacement for Vladimír Šmicer. Liverpool, who were 1–0 down at that point, eventually won the game 2–1 with two goals from Owen. <mask> raised the trophy along with Sami Hyypiä and Jamie Redknapp. Four days later he was a substitute again in Liverpool's third final, the 2001 UEFA Cup Final against Deportivo Alavés.He came on in the 64th minute for Heskey with the score at 3–3. He scored seven minutes later but Alavés equalised before full-time and Liverpool eventually won with a golden goal, an own goal, in the 116th minute. <mask> and Hyypiä then raised Liverpool's third trophy of the season together. Liverpool's next and final game of the season was against Charlton Athletic and <mask> scored twice in a 4–0 victory at The Valley that assured them UEFA Champions League qualification for the next season. Liverpool departure
<mask> began the 2001–02 season controversially, after being dropped by the then manager Gérard Houllier from the Liverpool squad for the 2001 Charity Shield match, following a training ground confrontation


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 with assistant manager Phil Thompson. He made an appearance in Liverpool's 3–2 European Super Cup victory over Bayern Munich, but starts were intermittent. In October 2001, he scored his first league hat-trick for three years, helping Liverpool beat Leicester City 4–1, but was dropped for the following league match.Though <mask> had been on a contract extension from 1999 (unlike Steve McManaman – who exercised his Bosman entitlement the very same year), <mask> was linked to Lazio, Arsenal and Leeds United, and Liverpool's management as well as fans and the media constantly reported that what happened with McManaman (regarded as a huge financial loss) would never be repeated and thus the club never rejected those bids without consideration. This meant that coupled with <mask>'s relationship with Houllier, speculation over <mask>'s future persisted for most of Houllier's tenure and became an issue that divided Liverpool fans. His last appearance for Liverpool was against Sunderland, in which he was substituted at half-time. Leeds United
Despite his popularity with Liverpool fans, who referred to <mask> as "God", Michael Owen and Emile Heskey had established themselves as Liverpool's regular strike partnership, leaving <mask> on the fringes of the first team. This, along with his difficult relationship with Houllier, made him seek regular first team football away from Anfield in the form of a £12 million move to Leeds United. <mask> maintains that Houllier forced him out of Liverpool, and accused Houllier of pressuring the Liverpool Echo newspaper to use its influence to turn opinion against him. The transfer went ahead just one month after his hat-trick at Leicester.He made his Leeds debut in an


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 away game against Fulham in December 2001, the same ground where he had made his Liverpool debut eight years earlier. <mask> scored 12 goals in the remainder of the season, helping Leeds to a UEFA Cup qualifying place. <mask> was included in the England squad for the 2002 World Cup, but only made one appearance, coming on as a substitute in a second-round win over Denmark. <mask> suffered an aggravation of a pre-existing hip injury in the 2002–03 pre-season, and did not recover until December. Struggling to gain fitness, and seeing teammates sold off due to a financial crisis, <mask>'s form and market value diminished. It was despite this decrease in form that he still, in total, scored 15 goals in 31 appearances for Leeds; achieving an impressive strike rate of just less than one goal every two games. In 2002–03, Leeds finished 15th in the Premier League and a severe financial crisis was developing.Manchester City
In the 2002–03 season, <mask> was transferred to Manchester City following a protracted transfer saga. <mask> initially turned down the move and a dispute between Manchester City manager Kevin Keegan and chairman David Bernstein over whether the transfer should take place due to medical concerns resulted in Bernstein leaving the club. Following encouragement from Keegan, <mask> finally signed for Manchester City on 16 January 2003 for an initial fee of £3 million and a further £3 million dependent upon appearances. Bizarre transfer conditions meant Leeds United still paid a significant proportion of <mask>'s wages. <mask> made his Manchester City debut against West Bromwich Albion on 1 February 2003, but made a poor start to his Manchester City career, scoring just two goals in the


title: Robbie Fowler

texts: remainder of the season. <mask> continued to struggle with fitness problems in the 2003–04 season, completing the full 90 minutes only nine times, however, he did score against his old club, Liverpool, in a 2–2 draw at home. The arrival of close friend Steve McManaman from Real Madrid gave <mask> hope, but the pair failed to rekindle their prolific partnership from their time at Liverpool, and received criticism from the fans and tabloids for their salaries and alleged excesses; they were named and shamed in a sex scandal covered by the News of the World that year.Despite the slump, <mask> rallied for the following campaign, and showed a marked improvement in the second half of the 2004–05 season, scoring his 150th Premiership goal in the 3–2 win over Norwich City on 28 February 2005. However, his failure to convert a 90th-minute penalty kick against Middlesbrough's Mark Schwarzer in the final game of the season prevented Manchester City from gaining a place in the UEFA Cup. Despite this, <mask> ended the season as the club's joint top goal scorer and gained the approval of the fans, finishing in the top three in the fans' Player of the Year poll. <mask> later described this as "one of the proudest achievements of my career". <mask> had injury problems at the start of the 2005–06 season and rarely featured when fit, making just two substitute appearances in the first four months of the season. His first start of the season came against Scunthorpe United in the FA Cup on 7 January 2006, in which he scored a hat-trick. The following week he scored Manchester City's third goal in their 3–1 win against local rivals Manchester United after coming on as a substitute.However, <mask> made only one more


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 appearance for Manchester City before returning to Liverpool on a free transfer. Return to Liverpool

On 27 January 2006, <mask> rejoined Liverpool from Manchester City on a free transfer, signing a contract until the end of the season. <mask> had remained a Liverpool fan after he left the club; he was in the Istanbul crowd when Liverpool won the Champions League in 2005. Liverpool fans were delighted to learn that <mask> had returned; there were large banners in the game against Birmingham City which read 'God – number eleven, welcome back to heaven', with 'God' being <mask>'s nickname while he was previously at Liverpool. <mask>'s return against Birmingham City in February 2006 was labelled by the tabloid press as the stuff of fairytales, and he said he felt like "a kid waking up on Christmas morning every day". <mask>'s first appearance back at Anfield was as a substitute against Birmingham, receiving a standing ovation upon his introduction. After his return, he had three goals ruled out for offside, before finally getting off the mark on 15 March 2006 in a home game against Fulham, the same opponents against which he scored his first-ever goal for Liverpool 13 years earlier.<mask>'s next Liverpool goal, against West Bromwich Albion, meant he overtook Kenny Dalglish in the club's all-time top scorers. His resurgence continued as he marked his 31st birthday with a goal against Bolton Wanderers. He made it four goals in five games when he scored the only goal in a 1–0 victory over Blackburn Rovers on 16 April 2006. However, <mask>'s fitness remained a concern. In March 2006, manager Rafael Benítez commented on <mask>'s work and progress by saying, "to buy a <mask> who is fit and scoring

masks:
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Robbie Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts: goals would cost a lot, maybe £10m or more". Despite concerns about his fitness, <mask> finished the 2005–06 season scoring on a more consistent basis than Liverpool's other strikers. In May 2006 he was offered a new one-year contract with the club, and celebrated by scoring the first goal in Liverpool's last league game of the season in a 3–1 away win at Portsmouth.It was his final game of the season as he was unable to take part in the club's FA Cup Final success due to being cup-tied. <mask> featured rarely in his final Liverpool season, making only six league starts. Bizarrely, all three of his League goals were penalties against Sheffield United. One of these was in the away game on the opening day of the season, and the other two in the reverse fixture at Anfield. Appearances in other competitions were more common due to Rafael Benítez's squad rotation policy. On 25 October 2006 <mask> was named as Liverpool's captain for the first time since his return in a League Cup tie against Reading, scoring just before half-time in a 4–3 win. On 5 December, <mask> scored his first two goals in the UEFA Champions League competition proper against Galatasaray (he had previously scored during a qualifying tie some six years prior against FC Haka), though Liverpool lost 3–2.On 1 May 2007, he was a substitute in the Champions League semi-final against Chelsea, brought on in the last few minutes of extra-time. He set up an attack for Dirk Kuyt but the shot went straight at the Chelsea goalkeeper. The match went into a penalty shoot-out that Liverpool won. <mask> was due to take the fifth and final spot-kick, but the game had already ended when Kuyt slotted home his winning penalty. In what transpired to


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 be his last appearance for the club, against Charlton Athletic on 13 May, <mask> was given the captain's armband one final time. He was substituted two minutes from the final whistle and given a standing ovation. He finished his second run as a Liverpool player with a UEFA Champions League runners-up medal, although he was not named in either the starting eleven or the seven substitutes.He became a free agent on 1 July having scored 183 goals in 369 appearances during his two spells at the club. Cardiff City
On 21 July 2007 <mask> signed a two-year contract to play for Cardiff City. He missed the season's opening fixtures due to a lack of fitness, making his debut in a League Cup tie on 28 August. He scored his first two Cardiff goals on 22 September against Preston North End, scoring with two headers. <mask> scored twice in his next game, a third round League Cup tie against West Brom, which Cardiff won 4–2. This led to a fourth round tie against <mask>'s former club Liverpool, at Anfield, to which even the Liverpool faithful crowd urged <mask> to score seeing that it may be the last time he would play in Anfield but Cardiff were knocked out in a 2–1 defeat. In November, <mask> travelled to Frankfurt, Germany to see Dr. Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt, a specialist sports injuries doctor, to try and resolve a recurring hip problem that had left him lacking fitness in early season fixtures for the Bluebirds.The treatment involved taking around twenty-eight injections into his hip. He returned to full training in late November and made his comeback on 15 December as a late substitute in a 1–0 defeat against Bristol City. However he went on to suffer another injury blow just days later after a


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 mistimed tackle in training from club captain Darren Purse left him with damaged ankle ligaments. Due to the new injury blow Cardiff and <mask> made plans for him to go to Colorado, United States to undergo keyhole surgery on the hip problem, which had plagued him in recent seasons, in the hope that it would finally resolve the problem. On 17 January 2008, it was announced that <mask> could miss the rest of the 2007–08 season for Cardiff after his hip operation revealed that the injury was worse than previously thought. Surgeons were forced to perform a micro-fracture for the hip to heal properly. Despite this, he attempted to make a comeback at the end of the season to play in the FA Cup final against Portsmouth and was included in the 18-man match squad.He did not feature in the game in and thus did not receive a runners-up medal having not made an appearance in the competition. Blackburn Rovers
<mask> was offered a new pay-as-you-play contract with Cardiff for the 2008–09 season in May 2008 and was expected to sign the contract. However, he pulled out of the deal, preferring to accept an offer of a trial at Blackburn Rovers from former Liverpool colleague Paul Ince. The move left Cardiff manager Dave Jones and chairman Peter Ridsdale furious after the club had assisted <mask>'s rehabilitation throughout the summer. After training with Blackburn and appearing in a handful of friendlies he was offered a six-month deal by the club to last until January, but <mask> turned down the deal due to it being a shorter offer than the previous one he had rejected at Cardiff. After turning down the offer, <mask> made a shock enquiry about returning to Cardiff on the deal he had originally turned down,


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 prompting anger from supporters and a swift "no thanks" from the club. <mask> concluded the trial period at Blackburn by agreeing to a three-month pay-as-you-play deal.He stated that he was eager to return to the Premier League and that his pre-existing relationship with Ince would not earn him any preferential treatment. He made his first appearance against Everton in a 1–0 win in the League Cup on 24 September. With a month left on his contract at Blackburn, <mask> received interest from League Two side Grimsby Town. <mask>, a friend of then Grimsby manager Mike Newell had held talks at Blundell Park over a possible Player/Coach role with the club. His three-month deal at Blackburn expired on 12 December 2008, and after not being offered a new contract was released by the club, he entered talks with new Australian A-League club North Queensland Fury. North Queensland Fury

<mask> signed with the North Queensland Fury on 4 February 2009 and became their inaugural marquee player; with his family relocating to Townsville for the 2009–10 season of the Australian A-League. It was an important signing for the new franchise who struggled to sign a marquee player, while some questioned whether <mask> would be able to cope with the heat and humidity of North Queensland.<mask> made his debut in July 2009 in a 2–1 pre-season loss against Wolverhampton Wanderers in Perth after recovering from groin and hip complaints. <mask> was subsequently named North Queensland Fury's captain for the 2009–10 season and the first  in the club's history. He scored his first A-League goal from a penalty kick in his club's first competitive match against Sydney FC on Saturday 8 August 2009. In rounds four, five, and six


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 <mask> scored Solo's Hyundai A-League Goal of the Week. Shortly after his arrival in Australia, it was reported in the British media that <mask> would be making a swift return to his homeland and sign for League One side Tranmere Rovers, who had just appointed <mask>'s former Liverpool teammate John Barnes as manager. However, <mask> was quick to dismiss talk of a quick return to England. When Barnes was dismissed three months later, it was reported that Tranmere had approached <mask> about becoming player-manager, but these reports too were dismissed.Controversy erupted around <mask> after he reportedly refused to play against the Brisbane Roar on 23 January after being named on the interchange bench for the clash. He, however, returned to the starting line up for two of the last three games of the season. <mask> ended the season collecting a hat-trick of awards at the club's end-of-season awards night, he was awarded the club's Player of the Year, Players' Player of the Year and the Golden Boot as top goal scorer. On 15 June 2010, <mask> confirmed that he was taking legal action over the ending of his playing contract with North Queensland Fury. He was suing the Fury and Football Federation Australia, which took over the running of the club. Perth Glory
On 27 April 2010, it was announced that <mask> had agreed to become part of Glory's squad for the 2010–11 A-League season. <mask> reportedly ignored offers from Middle East clubs as well as Sydney FC to play in Perth.He joined the Glory for pre-season training in mid-June, following World Cup sponsorship commitments. <mask> scored his first goal for Perth on 29 August, a penalty against Melbourne Heart. He followed this up with a headed goal

masks: Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 the following week against the Wellington Phoenix. In the following match, <mask>'s hat-trick gave the Glory a 3–1 victory against Melbourne Victory at the Dairy Farmers Stadium in Townsville. <mask> ended the year as top scorer for the club. Later career
On returning to England, <mask> briefly worked with League One side Milton Keynes Dons on an ad hoc basis to assist the club's coaching staff. On 7 April 2011, Bury confirmed that <mask> would join their coaching staff for a week to assist Richie Barker.<mask> then briefly coached Liverpool's strikers in April 2011. On 7 July 2011, <mask> agreed to play with Muangthong United, signing a one-year contract. In a press conference he stated that the weather conditions of Nonthaburi should not be a problem as he had played in Townsville and Perth. He was quickly a hit with Muangthong fans and the Thai public in general; he attended Thailand's World Cup Qualifier against Oman wearing the national team's shirt. He has since played a handful of scoreless games, both at the Yamaha Stadium and on the road in the AFC Cup, until the Twin Qilins were eliminated from the competition by Al-Kuwait. After the sacking of Henrique Calisto as head coach, <mask> was made player/coach. On 16 October 2011, after 250 minutes of play, <mask> scored his first goal for MTU against Chiangrai.He scored his 250th club career goal on 21 December 2011 against TTM Phichit. On 28 February 2012, <mask> announced he had left the club following Slavisa Jokanovic's appointment as coach. On 1 March 2012, Blackpool manager Ian Holloway confirmed that <mask> was training with the Seasiders and that he could earn a deal until the end of the season. However, they could not agree a

masks: Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 deal and <mask> decided against signing when Karl Oyston offered the striker £100 a week with £5,000 for every first-team appearance. On 22 September 2012, <mask> announced that he is "all but retired from professional football." He said this on the television show Soccer AM. In an interview in March 2013, he said that he was "not officially retired" and would "jump at the opportunity to play again."<mask> has also stated in other interviews that he is currently completing his coaching licences. <mask> was on a six-man shortlist and interviewed for the vacant manager's job at Conference side Macclesfield Town in May 2013, but caretaker manager John Askey was eventually appointed on a full-time basis. <mask> featured in Steven Gerrard's testimonial match against Olympiacos F.C. on 3 August 2013. He came off the bench in the 73rd minute to a warm reception from Liverpool fans, but failed to score a goal. On 21 April 2014, <mask> also featured in a charity match to commemorate the lives of the 96 Liverpool fans who died in the Hillsborough Disaster. <mask> scored both goals for his team in a 2–2 draw.On 2 January 2015, <mask> tweeted "Gutted about Steven, but what an unbelievable player... I'm officially hanging my boots up as from now...A sad day for me" and so officially announced his retirement. In May 2016, it was revealed that <mask> would return to the pitch to play for England in Soccer Aid, a charity football match in aid of UNICEF, alongside Jamie Carragher. International career
<mask> earned his first cap for England on 27 March 1996, coming on as a 76th-minute substitute in the 1–0 friendly win against Bulgaria at Wembley Stadium. On 24 April, he won his second cap and made his first


title: Robbie Fowler

texts: start for England in the 0–0 draw with Croatia. Despite only having 3 caps to his name, England manager Terry Venables selected <mask> in his 22-man squad for Euro 1996. <mask> went on to make two substitute appearances in the tournament, featuring in the 4–1 win against the Netherlands in the final group game, and in the 0–0 draw against Spain in the quarter-finals, a game England won on penalties.<mask> did not feature during England's qualifying campaign for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, mainly due to a serious knee ligament injury late in the 1997–98 season, and thus missed out on Glenn Hoddle's 22-man squad for the tournament. He did, however, manage to score his first goal for his country on 29 March 1997, netting the second goal in a 2–0 friendly win against Mexico at Wembley Stadium. A second goal followed in his next cap on 15 November, netting just before half-time in the 2–0 friendly win against Cameroon. On 9 June 1999, <mask> played in his first competitive game for England in nearly three years, starting in the 1–1 draw with Bulgaria during Euro 2000 qualifying. Kevin Keegan named <mask> in the preliminary squad for Euro 2000, and after featuring in the three warm-up games against Brazil, Ukraine, and Malta, he was named in the final squad on 1 June 2000. <mask> did not play in the tournament as England were eliminated in the group stages. <mask> scored his fourth goal for England on 25 May 2001, netting the second goal in the 4–0 friendly win against Mexico at Pride Park, Derby.On 5 September, he scored his first competitive goal for England in the 2–0 win against Albania at St James' Park, Newcastle. This was during qualifying for the 2002 FIFA World Cup. England qualified for the


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 World Cup, and after scoring in friendlies against Italy and Cameroon, <mask> was selected in Sven-Göran Eriksson's 23-man squad for the tournament in South Korea and Japan. He didn't appear in any of England's group matches, but on 15 June 2002, he came on as a second-half substitute in the 3–0 win against Denmark in the Round of 16. This turned out to be <mask>'s last cap for his country. He won a total of 26 caps for England and scored 7 goals. Managerial career

Muangthong United
On 1 October 2011, <mask> was appointed as the manager of Muangthong United, where he was already an existing player.Muangthong had taken action and sacked Henrique Calisto; a statement made by the club read, "The board have appointed <mask> as the acting head coach and have terminated the contract of Portuguese boss Henrique Calisto. The contract is until the end of the season and the team must adapt to long-term goals if it is to succeed in Asia", thus making <mask> player-manager. In October 2013, it was announced that <mask> would be taking up a coaching role with Liverpool's academy. On 9 September 2014, it was reported that <mask> had applied for the vacant managerial role at his former club Leeds United. Brisbane Roar
On 23 April 2019, it was announced by Australian Hyundai A-League club Brisbane Roar that <mask> had signed a two-year contract to act as the club's new head coach ahead of the forthcoming 2019–20 season. Upon his appointment, it was also announced that Tony Grant and Darren Davies would be joining his coaching staff, with Davies having acted as caretaker manager prior to <mask>'s arrival. To mark the managerial contrast, Brisbane announced a major clear-out during the off-season, where

masks:
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Robbie Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler
Fowler


title: Robbie Fowler

texts:
 fourteen senior players were released, notably marquee player Eric Bautheac.<mask> then made his first signing as a manager in June, when Roy O'Donovan signed from Newcastle United Jets. <mask>'s first competitive match in charge came in a 2–0 thriller, which ended in Brisbane's favour against reigning A-League champions Sydney on 7 August in the FFA Cup. Independently, <mask> won the league's Coach of the Month accolade for January and February 2020. With play halted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic for the past three months, <mask> announced his decision to leave the club, stating that he was unwilling to be apart from his family; he and Grant had returned to England in March. East Bengal
On 9 October 2020, Indian Super League side SC East Bengal announced the signing of <mask> as their new manager. Under him they collected seventeen points from first eighteen league fixtures and were placed ninth of eleven. All India Football Federation's (AIFF) disciplinary committee issued a four-match ban and a substantial fine of  against <mask> during the 2020–21 season, for involvement in a verbal disagreement with the match officials and league organizers after their match with FC Goa.Style of play
A prolific goal-scorer, <mask> was a quick and opportunistic striker, with good technical ability. Although naturally left-footed, he possessed an accurate, powerful shot from both inside and outside the area with both feet; he was also effective in the air. Despite his reputation as a "goal-poacher", he was also a creative forward, capable of linking up well with other players, and laying off the ball to other strikers. Despite his talent, he was also known to be injury-prone throughout his career.