title: Akira Kanayama

texts: exhibition, Kanayama also presented Crossing Light, a set of level-crossing signal lights used for local railways. Re-situated in the grove of Ashiya park, the lights signified the changes of natural landscapes brought by industrial developments and urbanisation in post-war Japan.The work also reflected Kanayama's interest in the rapid development of the transportation system in 1950s Japan and, particularly, in the Kansai region: the Tōkaidō express trains were running on electricity by 1956, and the promotion of Shinkansen first started in 1957. <mask> began using remote-control toy cars to paint in 1957. He attached felted pens or punctured cans of synthetic paint to an automatic toy car and set the car to move on cavasses laid on the floor. By doing so, Kanayama sought to remove the artist's presence completely. Reflecting upon the role of artists, these toy car paintings both invoked Surrealist automatic drawing and parodied the legacy of Pollockian Abstract Expressionism. Kanayama frequently used balloons to explore the spatial and temporal potential of seemingly static and quotidian objects. His 1955 Balloon was a huge inflated red rubber globe hung in the middle of an exhibition room.Two inserted light bulbs illuminated the balloon from within. As the bulbs shone brightly, the balloon emanated a red glow and tinted other artworks in the space red. The work thus invasively dominated the room, interfering with viewers' sight and movement. In 1957, <mask> again created an installation with balloons. This time he placed a large elliptical balloon on the floor. Since the dark balloon was slightly deflated, it displayed textured wrinkles. Its slightly flattened shape also drew viewers' attention to the oft-overlooked surface of the floor in exhibition spaces.At Gutai's first performance event, the 1957 'Gutai on Stage' , Kanayama

masks: Kanayama Kanayama


title: Akira Kanayama

type: original

texts:
 presented Giant Balloon, a performance in which he gradually inflated a huge balloon to fill the stage. He then illuminated the balloon with lights in different colour and punctured it with a knife, leaving it to leak air and shrink slowly. Although the performance showed no vigorous movements, the process of inflating and deflating the balloon underscored the process-based nature of artmaking. In addition, the changing size and shape of the balloon encouraged the audiences to reconsider the relationship between objects, bodies, and space. The brochure of 'Gutai on Stage' stated that Kanayama's performance invited viewers to think of the familiar childhood toy, balloon, from a new perspective. A year later, Kanayama again used balloons to create Biological Balloon at 'The Second Gutai on Stage'. The work showed a floating biomorphic balloon with multiple limb-like appendages.It sought to evoke the existence of unexpected creatures beyond the known and the imaginable. After Gutai
After leaving Gutai in 1965, Kanayama devoted his time to assisting Tanaka's career. However, he also continued his own artistic adventure. In the late 80s, he created a series of paintings that visualise the invisible beams of ultraviolet and infrared light. The canvases are vertically divided into blocks of radiant red, sombre violet and black. In some paintings, sharp lines in contrasting colours run through the lengths of the canvases and penetrate the colour blocks. While the glossy surface of these paintings enhances the complexity of their visual effect, Kanayama's extremely smooth and almost invisible brushwork erase traces of the artist's intervention.Around 1992, <mask> began incorporating music and sounds in his works. He recorded the sounds emanated from classical music in waveforms on paper. The soundwaves generate rhythmically undulating lines.


title: Akira Kanayama

texts:
 Paralleling the ultraviolet and infrared works, these soundwaves again give visual forms to invisible elements. Kanayama's works explore the artistic potential of such visualisation. Later in the 90s, he revisited his early fascination with the universe and celestial balances. He used the astronomic records of asteroid trajectories, electromagnetic waves, and photos of the changing appearance of the galaxy in his artworks.For example, his Northern Galaxy Atlas (1996) is a large collage (101.5 cm x 201.5 cm) of numerous black-and-white photographs of peculiar galaxies. The photos are blurry and pixelated, forming an almost illegible mosaic-like composition. Kanayama's most recent works, created after the turn of the century, returned to visuality and two-dimensionality. Mirroring early paintings from the Zero Society period, his latest paintings, such as Three Primary Colours (2004), focus on the flat surface of canvases and the optical effects of colours. In this painting, three vertical blocks in yellow, blue, and red are connected and penetrated by numerous horizontal lines in the same three colours. Bright primary colours and symmetric composition characterise Kanayama's latest paintings. Solo Exhibitions
1992 – '<mask>nayama: 1st Solo Exhibition', Gallery Kuranuki, Osaka

1993 – '<mask>ama: 1st Solo Exhibition', Gallery Tagaki, Nagoya

1998 – '<mask>'s Art: Zero Society and Gutai Period', Gallery HAM, Nagoya

1999 – '<mask>'s Art: 1966-1992', Gallery HAM, Nagoya

2000 – '<mask>'s Art: 1990 -1992', Gallery HAM, Nagoya

2004 – '<mask>: Difference, Music, Immersion', Mori Yu Gallery, Kyoto

2005 – '<mask>: New Oil on Canvas: Minimal', Gallery HAM, Nagoya

2007 – '<mask>,' Toyota Municipal Museum of Art, Toyota

References

1924 births
2006 deaths
People from Amagasaki
20th-century Japanese artists
Gutai group member artists
Japanese

masks:
Akira Ka
Akira Kanay
Akira Kanayama
Akira Kaama
Akira Kanayama
Akira Kanayama
Akira Kanayama
Akira Kanayama


title: David Wojcinski

texts:
<mask> (born 18 September 1980) is a former Australian rules footballer who played for the Geelong Football Club in the Australian Football League (AFL). Career
<mask> made his debut in 1998
. He won the club's Most Improved Player award for 2004. In 2007 he returned from a serious knee injury to play a major part for the Geelong side with his pace off half back. He was rewarded with a premiership medal in September. After injuring a tendon in his right finger during a 2008 pre-season practice match against the Richmond Tigers, Wojcinski found he required surgery to his little finger. He made a quick recovery from this surgery, playing against Essendon in Round 2.Whilst 2008 begun well for Wojcinski, Round 15 saw him injure an Achilles tendon, ruling him out until the Preliminary final against the Western Bulldogs more than two months later.

masks:
David Wojcinski
Wojcinski


title: David Wojcinski

texts: His lack of match fitness jeopardized his selection for the Grand Final side, which was announced on 25 September 2008. The selection left Wojcinski out of the starting 22, and as an emergency, Paul Chapman was chosen over him after returning from his own injury. Mark Thompson, coach of the Geelong Cats, confirmed the reason for "Wojo" missing out was simply due to his bad run with injury. He quoted "fit and in good form he's (Wojcinski) in our best 22, no doubt. And everybody in the room, everybody that knows Geelong would know that,". <mask> overcame the disappointment of missing out on Grand Final selection in 2008 to produce career best form over the following years.He rightfully won his spot back in the 2009 Grand Final as Geelong came from behind to beat St. Kilda and win their second premiership in three years. In 2011, <mask> was one

masks: David David


title: David Wojcinski

texts:
 of only a handful of players to add a third premiership medal to his collection, as Geelong overpowered Collingwood in the final quarter of the Grand Final to be runaway victors. <mask>'s dash off half back and his 'take them on' attitude was a key component in Geelong's success, and during his career was one of the fastest and most exciting players to watch with his electrifying speed both from the half-back flank and through the midfield. <mask> finished 2011 on 199 games and took until Round 11 2012 to play his 200th. He went on to play only 3 more games that season before announcing his retirement after the elimination final loss to Fremantle Football Club. He did, however, play a crucial role in the Cats VFL Premiership that same year, putting the icing on the cake of an excellent football career. Statistics

|-
|-


title: David Wojcinski

texts:
 7.9 || 15.2 || 3.4 || 2.2
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 40 || 4 || 0 || 1 || 33 || 22 || 55 || 13 || 14 || 0.0 || 0.2 || 8.2 || 5.5 || 13.8 || 3.2 || 3.5
|- class="sortbottom"
!colspan=3| Career
! 203
! 66
! 60
! 1521
! 1316
! 2837
!559
! 413
! 0.3
! 0.3
! 7.5
! 6.5
! 14.0
!2.8
! 2.0
|}

Personal life
Wojcinski grew up in Heyfield, Victoria. He is the son of Lee and <mask> and has three sisters: Deanne, Sarah and Emma. Wojcinski married partner Casey Bell in October 2008 at Port Douglas, after much disappointment after being dropped from the AFL Grand Final. <mask> and Casey have three children: sons Alfie (2006) and Monty (2009) and daughter Olive (2011). In 2008, Wojcinski was an ambassador for an anti-booze-fuelled-violence campaign run by the Geelong Advertiser titled "Just Think". In

masks:
Charlie Wojcinski
David


title: David Wojcinski

texts:
 this role, Wojcinski appeared in advertising alongside fellow ambassadors, and former Geelong teammates, Tom Harley and James Kelly.<mask> retired from AFL football in 2012. He continued to play football for the Newtown & Chilwell Eagles in the Geelong Football League and later also coached them, until he resigned at the end of the 2015 season. References

External links

1980 births
Living people
Geelong Football Club players
Geelong Football Club Premiership players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Australian people of Polish descent
Gippsland Power players
Newtown & Chilwell Football Club players
Australia international rules football team players
Three-time VFL/AFL Premiership


title: Larry David

texts:
<mask> (born July 2, 1947) is an American comedian, writer, actor, director, and television producer. He and Jerry Seinfeld created the television sitcom Seinfeld, on which <mask> was head writer and executive producer for the first seven seasons. He gained further recognition for the HBO series Curb Your Enthusiasm, which he created and stars in as a semi-fictionalized version of himself. He has written or co-written the stories of every episode of the improvisational comedy Curb Your Enthusiasm since its pilot episode in 1999. <mask>'s work on Seinfeld won him two Primetime Emmy Awards in 1993, for Outstanding Comedy Series and Outstanding Individual Achievement in Writing in a Comedy Series. Formerly a comedian, he went into television comedy, writing and starring in ABC's Fridays, and writing briefly for Saturday Night Live. He has been nominated for 27 Primetime Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards.He was voted by fellow comedians and comedy insiders as the 23rd greatest comedy star ever in a 2004 British poll to select "The Comedian's Comedian", and received the Laurel Award for TV Writing Achievement by the Writers Guild of America in 2010. Since 2015, he has made recurring guest appearances on Saturday Night Live in 2016 and 2020 where he impersonates U.S. presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. Early life and family
Lawrence Gene <mask> was born on July 2, 1947, in the neighborhood of Sheepshead Bay, in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. His parents are Rose and Mortimer Julius "Morty" <mask>, a men's clothing manufacturer, and he has an older brother named Ken. <mask>'s family is Jewish. His father's side moved from Germany to the U.S. during the 19th century, while <mask>'s mother was born into a Polish-Jewish family in Ternopil, now in Ukraine. His German-Jewish great-grandfather from Mobile,

masks:
Lawrence Gene David
David
David
David
David
David
David


title: Larry David

texts:
 Alabama, fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War and owned two enslaved children.<mask> graduated from Sheepshead Bay High School in 1965. A sign with his photo is in one of the hallways at Sheepshead Bay High School (now Origins High School). He then attended the University of Maryland, College Park, where he was a brother in Tau Epsilon Phi. He graduated in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts in history. It was while at college that <mask> started developing his unique perspective and discovered that he could make people laugh simply by being himself. After college, <mask> enlisted in the United States Army Reserve for five years. Career

Stand-up and SNL
While a stand-up comedian, <mask> also worked as a store clerk, limousine driver, and historian.He lived in Manhattan Plaza, a federally subsidized housing complex in the Hell's Kitchen neighborhood of Manhattan, across the hall from Kenny Kramer, the inspiration for the Cosmo Kramer character in Seinfeld. From 1980 to 1982, <mask> became a writer and cast member for ABC's Fridays where he worked with Michael Richards (Kramer). From 1984 to 1985 he was a writer for NBC's Saturday Night Live (SNL) and met Julia Louis-Dreyfus (Elaine) who also worked on the show in this period. During his time at SNL, he was able to get only one sketch on the show, which aired at 12:50 am, the last time slot on the show. <mask> quit his writing job at SNL in the first season, only to show up to work two days later acting as though nothing had happened. That event inspired a second-season episode of Seinfeld titled "The Revenge". He can be heard heckling Michael McKean when McKean hosted SNL in 1984, and he can be seen in the sketch "The Run, Throw, and Catch Like a Girl Olympics" when Howard Cosell hosted the season finale in 1985.In 1987, <mask> was a writer and performer for

masks: David David David David David David David


title: Larry David

texts:
 Way Off Broadway, a variety talk show on Lifetime hosted by Joy Behar. Seinfeld
In 1989 <mask> teamed up with comedian Jerry Seinfeld to create a pilot for NBC called The Seinfeld Chronicles, which became the basis for Seinfeld, one of the most successful shows in history, reaching the top of TV Guide list of the 50 greatest TV shows of all time. Entertainment Weekly ranked it the third-best TV show of all time. <mask> made occasional uncredited appearances on the show, playing such roles as Frank Costanza's cape-wearing lawyer and the voice of George Steinbrenner. He was also the primary inspiration for the show's character George Costanza. <mask> left Seinfeld on friendly terms after the seventh season but returned to write the series finale in 1998, two years later. He also continued to provide the voice for the Steinbrenner character.<mask> wrote 62 of the episodes of Seinfeld, including 1992's "The Contest", for which he won a Primetime Emmy Award and which TV Guide ranked as episode  1 on its list of "TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time". The syndication of Seinfeld earned <mask> an estimated $250 million in 1998 alone. This amount has been steadily decreasing each year, but payments will continue until the full $1.7 billion from the original syndication deal has been paid. In 2008, <mask> made $55 million from Seinfeld syndication, DVD sales, and Curb Your Enthusiasm. He was nominated for an Emmy award 19 times for Seinfeld, winning twice – once for best comedy and once for writing. Curb Your Enthusiasm

The HBO cable television channel aired <mask>'s one-hour special, <mask>: Curb Your Enthusiasm, on October 17, 1999. This was followed by Curb Your Enthusiasm, a television series on HBO that aired its first episode on October 15, 2000.The show revisits many of the themes of Seinfeld, and is improvised from

masks:
David
David
David
David
David
David
David
Larry David


title: Larry David

texts: a story outline only several pages long that <mask> writes (as of the 5th season, additional writers were hired). The actors improvise their dialogue based on the story outline, direction, and their creativity. <mask> has said that his character in the show, a fictionalized version of himself, is what he would be like in real life if he lacked social awareness and sensitivity. The character's numerous and frequent social faux pas, misunderstandings, and ironic coincidences are the basis of much of the show's comedy and have led to the entry into the American pop culture lexicon of the expression "Larry David moment", meaning an inadvertently created socially awkward situation. The basis of the show is the events in <mask>'s life following the fortune he earned from the Seinfeld series; <mask>, semi-retired, strives to live a fulfilled life. Alongside <mask> is his wife Cheryl (played by Cheryl Hines), his manager and best friend Jeff (played by Jeff Garlin), and Jeff's wife Susie (played by Susie Essman). Celebrities, including comedians Richard Lewis, Wanda Sykes, and Bob Einstein appeared on the show regularly.Actors Ted Danson and Mary Steenburgen have had recurring roles as themselves. The show is critically acclaimed and has been nominated for 30 Primetime Emmy Awards, with one win, as well as one Golden Globe win. In the first six seasons, Julia Louis-Dreyfus and Jason Alexander appeared in several episodes, and Jerry Seinfeld made a cameo. In season 7, the cast of Seinfeld, including Michael Richards, returned in a story arc involving <mask>'s attempt to organize a Seinfeld reunion special. On Wednesday, June 2, 2010, the series premiered on the TV Guide Network, making its network television debut. TV Guide Network also produced a series of related discussions with high-profile guest stars, media

masks: David David David David David David


title: Larry David

texts:
 pundits, and prominent social figures called "Curb: The Discussion" debating the moral implications depicted in each episode. <mask> is quoted as saying "Finally, thanks to the TV Guide Network, I'll get a chance to watch actual, intelligent people discuss and debate the issues addressed on 'Curb'.Now if only someone could tell me where this alleged 'Network' is, I might even watch it." The show's 11th season premiered in 2021. Other projects
<mask> has also been involved in other films and television series. <mask> wrote and directed the 1998 film Sour Grapes, about two cousins who feud over a casino jackpot. It was neither a commercial nor a critical success. <mask> also has appeared in bit roles in Woody Allen's Radio Days (1987) and New York Stories (1989), before taking the leading role in Allen's New York-based comedy film Whatever Works (2009) alongside Evan Rachel Wood. <mask> had a cameo appearance on the HBO series Entourage as a client of Ari Gold, and because his daughters were Hannah Montana fans, <mask>, along with his daughters, guest-starred, as themselves, in the episode "My Best Friend's Boyfriend", in which they were waiting for a table at a fancy restaurant.<mask> appeared as a panelist on the NBC series The Marriage Ref and also played Sister Mary-Mengele in the 2012 reboot of The Three Stooges. <mask> co-wrote and starred in the 2013 HBO television film Clear History. <mask> wrote and starred in the Broadway play Fish in the Dark. Also appearing were Rita Wilson, Jayne Houdyshell, and Rosie Perez. The play centers on the death of a family patriarch. It opened on March 5, 2015. Jason Alexander took over <mask>'s role in July.The play closed in August. As of February 1, 2015, its advance sale of $13.5 million had broken records for a Broadway show. <mask> appeared in a commercial for

masks: David David David David David David David David David David David


title: Larry David

texts:
 cryptocurrency exchange FTX Trading Limited that first ran during Superbowl LVI. Bernie Sanders
Since 2015, <mask> made multiple guest appearances portraying 2016 and 2020 United States presidential election candidate Bernie Sanders on Saturday Night Live; he also hosted the show on February 6, 2016, with musical guest The 1975 and a cameo from Sanders himself, and on November 4, 2017, with musical guest Miley Cyrus. In the summer of 2017, PBS's Finding Your Roots discovered through genealogical research that <mask> and Bernie Sanders are distantly related. Sanders told <mask> the news. "I was very happy about that," <mask> said, according to Variety."I thought there must have been some connection." The comedian explained that Sanders is "a third cousin or something." On January 8, 2020, <mask> joked on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, "I would say, I would beg him (Bernie) to drop out so I don't have to keep flying in from Los Angeles to do SNL," <mask> answered. "I thought when he had the heart attack that would be it, I wouldn't have to fly in from Los Angeles. But, you know, he's indestructible. Nothing stops this man!" He later added, "If he wins, do you know what that's going to do to my life?Do you have any idea? I mean, it will be great for the country—great for the country. Terrible for me." Influences
<mask> has named Woody Allen, Mel Brooks, Phil Silvers, Abbott and Costello, Jackie Mason, Alan King, Don Rickles and MAD Magazine as influences. Personal life
<mask> lives in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. <mask> was married to Laurie Lennard from 1993 to 2007. They have two daughters, Cazzie <mask> and Romy <mask>.Laurie and <mask> became contributing bloggers at The Huffington Post in May 2005. In 2017, <mask> was introduced to producer Ashley Underwood at a

masks: David David David David David David David David David David David Larry David


title: Larry David

texts:
 birthday party for Sacha Baron Cohen. They were married in 2020. <mask> is a supporter of the Democratic Party. In 2010, <mask> wrote an article for The New York Times criticizing the extension of the Bush tax cuts for the wealthy. He ended the article with a sarcastic thank you to then-President Barack Obama for approving the tax cut extension. <mask> was raised Jewish and identifies as an atheist.<mask> is an avid sports fan, and being a native of New York supports the teams New York Jets, New York Yankees, New York Knicks, and the New York Rangers. Wealth
It is estimated that <mask>'s net worth is somewhere between US$400 to $900 million as of 2015. The National Review estimated his net worth to be about $400 million as of 2020. Charlie Rose noted <mask>'s overall wealth as closer to $500 million in a televised statement on 60 Minutes in 2013. In a 2015 interview with CBS, <mask> confirmed that half of his wealth was eroded by his 2007 divorce in the community property state of California. "I have a lot of money," <mask> said in the interview, but also added that the "figures out there are crazy." Most of his wealth originates from syndication deals of Seinfeld and Curb Your Enthusiasm, the former netting US$3.1 billion in total re-run fees as of 2013.In 2008, <mask> was reported to gross $55 million in total compensation, mostly from Seinfeld syndication and work on Curb Your Enthusiasm. His speculative net worth was parodied on "The Shrimp Incident" (S02E04, 2001-10-14) episode of Curb Your Enthusiasm, in which HBO executive Allan Wasserman yells at <mask>: "If you want shrimp, take your $475 million, go buy a fucking shrimp boat." Filmography

Theater

Bibliography

Awards and nominations
 Voted by fellow comedians and comedy insiders as number 23 of the greatest comedy stars ever in a poll to select The

masks: David David David David David David David David David David


title: Nara Narayan

texts:
<mask> (reign 1540–1587) was the last ruler of the undivided Koch dynasty of Kamata Kingdom. He succeeded his father, Biswa Singha. Under him the Koch kingdom reached its cultural and political zenith. Under his rule, and under the military command of his brother Chilarai, he was able to subjugate the entire Brahmaputra valley, including the Ahom kingdom; besides the Kachari, Tripura and Manipur kingdoms, as well as the Khyrem, Jaintia and others. This influence was halted when he faced Suleman Karranni of Bengal. He introduced a silver coin, called the Narayani, that greatly influenced the numismatics of Assam. Ascension
At the time of his father's death, <mask> and his step brother, Chilarai, were in Varanasi and another brother, <mask>, succeed the throne.Malladev, as he was then known, hastened back with Chilarai and with the help of their supporters among the courtier, took over the throne. <mask> Singha was pursued, who escaped first to the Morung kingdom, and thence to Nepal and finally Kashmir. Malladev ascended the throne in 1540, in the same year that his father had died, and acquired the title <mask>, which was to become the dynastic title of his succeeding kings. He issued coins, and his seal was made. He appointed his step-brother Chilarai (then known as Sukladhwaj) the yuvaraj (somewhat akin to "prime minister") and the commander-in-chief of the military. Kingdom expansion

The Koch kingdom was a tributary the eastern Ahom kingdom and soon after his ascension began preparing to throw off the

masks:
Naranarayan
Naranaryan
Nara Singha
Nara
Narayana


title: Nara Narayan

texts:
 vassalage. A border tiff at Sala, just above Kaliabor escalated in 1546 with three step-brothers forging ahead into the Ahom kingdom, to meet with their deaths.After a series of battles with varying fortunes, the Koch army was defeated by the Ahoms, then under Suklenmung (1539–1552) who personally led the military, at the Battle of Pichala in 1547. This was followed by a period of calm and preparation. Preparations

The preparations for a push east was made slowly and deliberately. After the reverses of Biswa Singha in 1547 due to logistics, and his own in 1547, he made calculated moves. He sent a diplomatic mission in 1555 to court of the new Ahom king Sukhaamphaa (1552–1603) to gather information about its state. <mask> <mask> had his step-brother, <mask>yans, who were inimical to his father, Biswa Singha. Finally, in the later part of 1562 Chilarai, the commander, marched at the head of a 60,000 strong force, with <mask>an at the rear. And as he marched, he obtained the support of the Meches, Kacharis, Bhutiyas, Daflas, Bhuyans and Brahmins and reached Barnadi. Some princes of the erstwhile Chutiya kingdom also submitted their support. <mask>an forced his way strongly into the Ahom kingdom, and set up camp at Majuli. Conquests
By April 1563 the Ahom king Sukhaamphaa had to abandon his capital, which was then occupied by the Koch army. The Treaty of Majuli was settled, which established the Koch hegemony in the Brahmaputra valley and extended the boundary in the east to Narayanpur.On the way back, Chilarai

masks:
Nara
Narayan
Kamal Narayanhu
Naranaray
Naranaray


title: Nara Narayan

texts:
 halted at Maibang, where the Kachari king, Durlabhnarayan (1525–1580) submitted without a fight. Chilarai established Gohain Kamal as a governor at Brahmapur (Khaspur) and left a contingent of soldier, who later came to be called Dehan. This was followed by the submission of the Manipuri king. The Jaintia king, gave fight and was slain, and his son was established as the king. After the Jaintia campaign, Chilarai marched against the Tippera kingdom. At Langai in 1567, the Tripura king, Ananta Manikya, was killed along with 18,000 of his soldiers, and his brother was placed on the throne, however the authenticity of this account is highly doubted. Next, the Khairam raja, a Khasi chief of Nongkhrem, too submitted.Chilarai found a tougher foe in the Governor of Sylhet, allied with Suleiman Karrani then engaged in an expedition in Odisha; but he was killed after a prolonged three-day battle via a stratagem, and his brother was placed after extracting tribute from him. The two brothers then returned to their capital via Dimarua and Raha. Hinduisation under <mask> <mask>

During the reign of <mask> <mask>, varnasrama or fourfold caste system was introduced in Koch Behar by Siddhantavagisa. The process of Hinduisation of the Koch royal family was further accelerated by the advent of Srimanta Sankardeva, along with his two disciples Madhavdeva and Damodardev in the mid 16th-century. However, the introduction of  Hinduism came in direct conflict with the old tribal belief system of the Koch, Mech and Kachari people of

masks: Nara Narayan Nara Narayan


title: Nara Narayan

texts:
 the Koch-Kamata kingdom. This led to <mask>an issue an official order to recognise the religious practices of these groups. Division of the kingdom
In 1581 Raghu Deva, the son of his brother Shukladhvaj became the de facto ruler of the eastern part of his kingdom Koch Hajo, though under suzerainty of his uncle.After the death of <mask> <mask>, he declared his independence. <mask> <mask>'s son <mask> succeeded him after his death, but only inherited the western part of his kingdom Koch Bihar. On 23 December 1596 Man Singh I married <mask> <mask>'s daughter Kshamadevi. <mask> <mask> was a noted patron of literature. Apart from Sankardeva, a galaxy of saints and scholars freely studied art, culture and literature at Coochbehar making it a centre of Vaishnavite learning and teaching. For the housewives, Madhavdeva wrote Janma Rahashya following the request of Kamalapriya, the wife of Chilarai. Chilarai, younger brother of <mask> <mask> requested Ram Saraswati to translate the verses from the Mahabharata.He also encouraged asked Sridhar to write Jyotish Sastra. Notes

References

. History of Bengal
People from Assam
Hindu monarchs
Rulers of

masks:
Naranaray
Nara
Narayan
Nara
Narayan
Lakshmi Narayan
Nara
Narayan
Nara
Narayan
Nara
Narayan


title: Adrian Frutiger

texts:
<mask> ( ; 24 May 1928 – 10 September 2015) was a Swiss typeface designer who influenced the direction of type design in the second half of the 20th century. His career spanned the hot metal, phototypesetting and digital typesetting eras. Until his death, he lived in Bremgarten bei Bern. Frutiger's most famous designs, Univers, Frutiger and Avenir, are landmark sans-serif families spanning the three main genres of sans-serif typefaces: neogrotesque, humanist and geometric. Univers was notable for being one of the first sans-serif faces to form a consistent but wide-ranging family, across a range of widths and weights. Frutiger described creating sans-serif types as his "main life's work," partially due to the difficulty in designing them compared to serif fonts. Early life
<mask> was born in Unterseen, Canton of Bern, the son of a weaver.As a boy, he experimented with invented scripts and stylized handwriting in a negative reaction to the formal, cursive penmanship then required by Swiss schools. His father and his secondary school teachers encouraged him to pursue an apprenticeship rather than pure art. After initially planning to train as a pastry chef, Frutiger secured an apprenticeship at the  printing house in Interlaken. Formative years and personal life
At the age of sixteen, he was apprenticed for four years, as a compositor, to the printer  in Interlaken, also taking classes in woodcuts and drawing at the  in Bern under , followed by employment as a compositor at Gebr. Fretz in Zürich, Switzerland. In 1949 he transferred to the

masks:
Adrian Johann Frutiger
Adrian Frutiger


title: Adrian Frutiger

texts:
 equipment. <mask>'s first commercial typeface was  — a set of titling capital letters with small, bracketed serifs, released in 1954. A calligraphic, informal, script face,  ("wave" in French), also was released in 1954. In 1955, , a glyphic, old-style, serif text face was released.The typeface shows inspiration by Nicolas Jenson, and, in the  type, Frutiger's ideas of letter construction, unity, and organic form, are first expressed together. Raph Levien described as a "Frutiger trademark" his common use of an "a" where the loop makes a horizontal line at the top on meeting the vertical. It makes use of narrow wedge serifs, a style sometimes known as Latin which Frutiger would often use in his future serif designs. In 1956, he designed his first-of-three, slab-serif typefaces — Egyptienne, on the Clarendon model; after Univers, it was the second, new text face to be commissioned for photo-composition. Univers

 envisioned a large, unified font family, that might be set in both the metal and the photo-composition systems. Impressed by the success of the Bauer foundry's Futura typeface,  encouraged a new, geometric sans-serif type in competition. Frutiger disliked the regimentation of Futura, and persuaded  that the new sans-serif should be based on the realist (neo-grotesque) model.The 1898 face, Akzidenz-Grotesk, is cited as the primary model. To maintain unity across the 21 variants, each weight and width, in roman (upright) and oblique (slanted), was drawn and approved before any matrices were cut. In the Univers font, Frutiger


title: Adrian Frutiger

texts:
 and patience anymore." From a different perspective, type designer Martin Majoor commented that he preferred the italic but described Linotype Univers as "staggering" and "not an improvement" for its return to the very aggressively slanted italic of Frutiger's original drawings: "Redesigning an old successful typeface is something a type designer should maybe never consider." Frutiger commented on the italic that he felt Univers needed to be "snappy" and that it added character. In 2009, Frutiger collaborated with Akira Kobayashi on a second re-release of Frutiger, , which moved back towards the original 1970s release. Through his later years, Frutiger collaborated with co-authors Heidrun Osterer and Philipp Stamm on an extensive autobiography, Typefaces: the Complete Works (2008, republished 2014).In this book, Frutiger discussed his entire career and his completed and abandoned projects. Death
<mask> died on 10 September 2015 in Bremgarten bei Bern at the age of 87. Typefaces
Frutiger's typefaces include:
  (1954): a display design inspired by Arabic calligraphy. (1954): a wedge-serif titling face in capitals and small capitals; somewhat similar to Copperplate Gothic. Méridien (1955): a text face, again with a crisp wedge-serif design and a gradual flare on ascenders. Frutiger Serif (below) is an update and expansion. Egyptienne (1956): a humanist slab-serif design.Univers (1957)
 Apollo (1962): created for Monotype, somewhat similar to . Serifa (1967): a slab serif based on the Univers family. OCR-B (1968)
 Iridium (1975): a Didone


title: Adrian Frutiger

texts:
 Mainz (Germany)
1987 — Gold Medal of the Type Directors Club of New York
1990 —  (Order of Arts and Letters), , Paris, France
1993 —  (France). 2006 — Typography Award from The Society of Typographic Aficionados (SOTA)
2006 —  TDC2 award in the Type System / Superfamily category
2007 — , Federal Office of Culture, Bern, Switzerland
2009 — European Design Hall of Fame
2013 —

Users of Frutiger's typefaces
Prominent users of Frutiger's typefaces include:

 Univers: , Swiss International Air Lines, the , Ordnance Survey, ICICI and CNN
 Frutiger: the Swiss government, NHS, Dutch rail network, Scania, Dutch emergency services, UBS and the universities of Ohio, Lausanne, Iceland, Cornell and the London School of Economics
 Avenir: Apple Maps, the BBC,  and Best Buy

Other work
In 2003, the Swiss watchmaker Ventura commissioned him to design a new watch face for a limited-edition line of wristwatches. To celebrate Swiss graphic design he designed three stamps for the Swiss post office. He also designed a word mark for the National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad, India. Originally, the institute was named National Design Institute, however, the institute renamed itself to match Adrian Frutiger's stylized NID logotype alongside the name "National Institute of Design." For the Fondation Frutiger he created a set of symbols as an abstract presentation of the Foundation's work. Select bibliography
 Erich Alb (Ed.): /Forms and Counterforms, Syndor Press 1998; Niggli:
 <mask>: , Schlaefli & Maurer 2003,
 <mask>, Horst Heiderhoff: , Marixverlag

masks:
Adrian Frutiger
Adrian Frutiger


title: Adrian Frutiger

texts:
 2004,
 <mask>ger: , Haupt 2005,
 Anne Cuneo: , DVD 2005, , , ISAN 0000-0000-D4FB-0000-F
 <mask>: , Haupt 2008,
 Schweiz. Stiftung Schrift und Typographie, Heidrun Osterer, Philipp Stamm (Eds. ): <mask> — Typefaces. The Complete Works, Birkhäuser 2009,
 , DVD Artfilm 2005, , , ISAN 0000-0001-83B9-0000-W
 Anja Bodmer und Jürg Brühlmann: Read Me —  , Hochparterre Bücher AG, 2008,
 Heidrun Osterer, Philipp, Stamm (Eds. ), <mask> — Typefaces. The Complete Works, third edition, Birkhäuser 2021,

Notes

References
 Carter, Sebsatian. 20th Century Type Designers.Lund Humphries Publishers: 2002. . Eye, No. 31, Vol. 8, Spring 1999. Friedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History. Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. .
 Frutiger, <mask>.Signs and Symbols: Their Design and Meaning. Ebury Press: 1998. .
 Frutiger, <mask>. Forms and Counterforms. .
 Jaspert, Berry and Johnson. Encyclopædia of Type Faces. Cassell Paperback, London; 2001. Macmillan, Neil. An A–Z of Type Designers.Yale University Press: 2006. .
 McLean, Ruari. Typographers on Type. Lund Humphries: 1995. .
 Ovenden, Mark Paris Metro Style in map and station design, Capital Transport, London, November 2008. External links

 Monotype Imaging: Adrian Frutiger
 Font Designer — <mask>ger
 <mask>ger
 Typophile: <mask>ger
 Univers specimen book, 1968, published by ATF for the American market
 <mask>'s 80th Birthday
 Postage stamp designed by <mask>ger
 'Portrait with word' of <mask>ger by Mark-Steffen Goewecke

masks:
Adrian Fruti
Adrian Frutiger
Adrian Frutiger
Adrian Frutiger
Adrian
Adrian
Adrian Fruti
Adrian Fruti
Adrian Fruti
Adrian Frutiger
Adrian Fruti
Adrian Fruti


title: Adrian Frutiger

texts:
 Type adapted to everyday life (interview)

  biography
 Obituary, Adam Twardoch
 Obituary, Jürgen Siebert
 Philosophies of Form in Seriffed Typefaces of <mask> – Charles Bigelow
 Adrian Frutiger: a tribute (2016 presentation by Matthew Carter)

1928 births
2015 deaths
People from Interlaken-Oberhasli District
Swiss typographers and type designers
Zurich University of the Arts alumni
Swiss expatriates in


title: Leonora Armstrong

texts:
<mask> (June 23, 1895 – October 17, 1980) was the first Baháʼí to live in Brazil. She went as a pioneer to Brazil in 1921 when she was only 25 years old and due to her efforts and services for the Baháʼí Faith in Brazil and across Latin America she was named the 'Spiritual Mother of the Baháʼís of South America'. Early life
<mask> was born on June 23, 1895 in the City of Hudson, New York. Her father was businessman Samuel Norris Holsapple and her mother was Grace Heathcote Stirling, who served actively in civic work and had taught school. However, Grace had serious health problems [what would later be known as diabetes], and died soon after <mask> turned five years old. This created a profound effect upon <mask> and her younger sister Alethe during their childhood and adolescence. Their father was devastated at the loss and often left the two little girls to the care of their grandmothers and a housekeeper.Despite her early suffering Leonora was very talented from an early age, even considered a child prodigy. She had never told anyone how she had read the entire Bible through when still just a child. In her high school graduating class she received the highest honors and was made valedictorian. She was able to enter Cornell University in Ithaca, New York on a full four-year scholarship and was elected Phi Beta Kappa in her junior year. Leonora graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree from Cornell, where she had studied Latin, Greek, Physics, Botany, Astronomy and Chemistry. After graduation from university she taught Latin in high schools for two years in Boston as well as being active in social work, just as her mother and grandmother had been before her. Introduction to the Baháʼí Faith

When she was about eleven years old, her maternal grandmother, who had spent long years of spiritual searching, found the Baháʼí Faith and declared herself a Baháʼí [circa 1906].She began to teach her granddaughters about the Baháʼí Faith and due to her

masks:
Leonora Stirling Holsapple Armstrong
Leonora Stirling Holsapple
Leonora
Leonora


title: Leonora Armstrong

texts:
 example of devotion and efforts to spread the Baháʼí teachings, she inspired them by teaching them to sing some of the "hymns", to read and also to memorize passages from Hidden Words and prayers from the Baháʼí Writings. Later Leonora made her own efforts to share the Baháʼí teachings with her classmates and friends. Interest in Pioneering
The desire to pioneer first came in Leonora's mind when ʻAbdu'l-Bahá's Tablets of the Divine Plan were unveiled at the Baháʼí Convention held in New York City in April 1919. Spontaneously, and right at once, she wrote to ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, offering herself in service and his reply to her was:

"Thou hadst expressed thy great wish to be of service to the Divine Threshold and to heal the infirm with the Divine Panacea--the infirm who is afflicted with passion and self. Spiritual malady is more severe than physical illness for it may be that the latter may be converted by the least remedy into health and vigor, while the former will not be cured by a thousand well-known remedies ... My hope is that thou mayest become a spiritual physician." Leonora was very touched by the message from ʻAbdu'l-Bahá and also Martha Root, a well-known Baháʼí who traveled widely, served as a great influence upon her in choosing South America as her destination. In her own words Leonora said:

"This hope of the Master's became my highest aspiration and when, early in 1920, I read His Tablet to Martha Root, commending her teaching work in South America and stressing the importance of its being followed up by others, it at once seemed to me that here there might be a definite task for me.A letter to Martha brought an immediate reply, with all encouragement." Martha Root had made a historical visit to South America in 1919 and encouraged <mask> by sharing her experiences and sending a copy of her own diary notes from that period. This led <mask> to consider pioneering in South America and though Martha had at first suggested Argentina

masks: Leonora Leonora


title: Leonora Armstrong

texts:
 as a destination, at the last minute she encouraged her to go to Brazil. Arrival in Brazil
Many of <mask>'s family members and friends expressed great concern in relation to her decision to go to such a far away country as Brazil without knowing Portuguese. Many of them believed that she was taking a very dangerous risk, by traveling alone without knowing anyone in Brazil. However, her desire to teach the Baháʼí Faith was so great, that on February 1, 1921 she arrived in the port of Rio de Janeiro. At that time she was only 25 years old and she did not know anyone in that country.The fact that she was a woman and single, in a time that women had less rights and freedom, made her situation a lot more complicated but she still managed to stay in Brazil. <mask> got her first job in a very simple office through a young theosophist in the city of Santos, São Paulo. Afterwards she started to give private English classes, which made her able to make contacts to teach the Baháʼí Faith. Sometimes when she could, Leonora would participate as a speaker in the national conferences - her first year in Rio de Janeiro, she participated in the National Congress of Esperanto which extended to São Paulo and Santos and later to many other capitals of Brazil. Service
In 1925 in the city of Belém, Pará she published her first translation (English to Portuguese) of the book Paris Talks written by ʻAbdu'l-Bahá. Leonora beyond being a lecturer, educator and translator was also a social worker, having also kept an orphanage, in Salvador, Bahia, in the period of 1924-1927, for abandoned and needy children. In her first years in Brazil, she chose to establish herself in Salvador, Bahia and traveled several of times to Belém and Manaus.She always had a lot of support from many theosophists and esperantists in her services. In 1927 she published many articles and pamphlets about the Baháʼí Faith in Belém. In 1927 she was the first Baháʼí to visit and give lectures


title: Leonora Armstrong

texts:
 for the education and the protection of the Baháʼí Cause. Marriage
In August 1941, Leonora married an Englishman, Harold V<mask>, a widower whom she had known for several years. He was a great support in helping Leonora to accomplish many of the services that she dedicated during her life to religion, specifically her translation work. Leonora and her husband lived in many places in Brazil, and though they never had children of their own they adopted and raised about twenty children over the course of the years, or provided others with financial assistance towards basic needs and education. Defender of Women's Rights
<mask> was also a notable defender of women's rights - emphasizing the role of educators and servants for the cause of world peace. Her message, recorded in a tape in Salvador, Bahia days before her death, in October 1980, was addressed to hundreds of women gathered in the Centre of Conventions of Brasília, participants of the first Women's Latin-American Baháʼí Conference. Here are some excerpts from her message:

Last Years
After living in Santos, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador and having passed most of her last years in Minas Gerais, in the city of Juiz de Fora, she died on October 17, 1980 with 85 years of age, in the city of Salvador.In that same day, hundreds of Baháʼís from several communities of Latin America were gathered in Brasília, participating in a Women's Latin-American Baháʼí Conference. The climax of this meeting for promotion of the condition of the woman was the moment where a writing with her words of greeting to the participants of the event echoed for the audience. See also
 Baháʼí Faith in Brazil
 Baháʼí Faith in South America

References

External links
 Biography of <mask> <mask> (in Portuguese)

American Bahá'ís
Brazilian Bahá'ís
Cornell University alumni
American Esperantists
1895 births
1980 deaths
American emigrants to Brazil
Converts to the Bahá'í Faith
20th-century Bahá'ís
Baháʼí feminists
Brazilian

masks:
. Armstrong
Leonora
Leonora
Armstrong


title: Charles Wardle

texts:
<mask> (born 23 August 1939) is a retired British businessman and politician who was the Conservative Member of Parliament for Bexhill and Battle from 1983 until 2001. In April 2001 for the last four weeks of his Parliamentary career he sat without the Conservative whip because he and a group of his Conservative constituency workers would not endorse his successor, Greg Barker until questions were answered about Barker's activities in Russia and about money he had obtained offshore. Early life and education
<mask> is the son of <mask>, a civil engineer, and Constance (née Roach) the daughter of a Lincolnshire country parson. Raised in Tunbridge Wells he was educated at Tonbridge School from 1953 to 1958. Too young for National Service, he served for two years as an assistant district officer in Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia) and worked for six months in Jamaica before five years at university. At Lincoln College, Oxford, from 1961 to 1964, where he was president of the Junior Common Room and of the Fleming Society, he received an MA in Geography and at Harvard Business School, 1964-66 an MBA. At Oxford he met Lesley Ann Wells who was reading Modern History at St Hugh's College and they married in August 1964 before going to America.Business career
Graduating from Harvard Business School, <mask> worked in New York, 1966–69, as assistant to the president of American Express Company; in the City of London, 1969–71, as a corporate finance executive at Morgan Grenfell and 1971–74, as managing director of Robert Fraser & Partners; in the West Midlands, 1974–83, as managing director and from 1977 executive chairman of  Benjamin Priest Group plc. He was a member of the CBI National Council and of the Engineering Employers Federation from 1980 until his election to Parliament in 1983. During his 18 years in Parliament <mask>'s non-executive part-time business roles included consultancies with the accountants, KPMG, and UniChem plc and the chairmanship of the Ray Powell Group, a KPMG client. Harrods
In

masks:
Charles Frederick Wardle
Charles Wardle
Frederick Maclean Wardle
Wardle
Wardle


title: Charles Wardle

texts:
 April 2000, after he had said he would be leaving Parliament the following year, he joined the board of Harrods Ltd as a non-executive director with the prior consent of the leader of the Conservative Party. His constituency association wrote that his private business interests were entirely a matter for himself. <mask>'s contract with Harrods was submitted to and approved by the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards

After leaving Parliament in 2001, <mask>'s role at Harrods was upgraded to external affairs director in which capacity he met the prime minister of Thailand in Bangkok six times, the presidents of Pakistan and Chad and the King of Jordan. Having completed 21 months of his three-year contract at Harrods, however, <mask> identified an irregularity in the company's business in Thailand.He left the board with the balance of his three-year contract paid in full. International negotiation
In 2003-04 working under the aegis of the Foreign & Commonwealth Office <mask> negotiated for Lloyd's of London insurers the settlement with the state of Libya of outstanding Lockerbie claims brought by the hull insurers of Pan Am 103 and by Pan Am's trustee in bankruptcy; and in 2005-06 he negotiated with the UN Compensation Commission in Geneva the payment to British insurers of claims arising from Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait. These international settlements brought into the UK more than $260 million that had been in dispute since the early 1990s. Political career

1982 - 1987
<mask> joined the Conservative Party’s approved candidates list in 1982. He applied for two seats, Stratford upon Avon and Solihull, reaching the final shortlist for both and was then selected for Bexhill and Battle, winning the seat in the 1983 general election. In late 1983 he was appointed to the Trade and Industry Select Committee and in early 1984 he was made Parliamentary Private Secretary to Kenneth Clarke, Minister for Health and then to Norman Fowler, Secretary of State for Health and Social Services. Wardle campaigned

masks: Wardle Wardle Wardle Wardle Wardle


title: Charles Wardle

texts:
 with neighbouring MPs for local hospitals, by-passes and rail electrification; and campaigned unsuccessfully but with local acclaim to keep the Royal Greenwich Observatory at Herstmonceux.1987 - 1992
After the 1987 general election <mask> declined the invitation to continue as a Parliamentary Private Secretary; was appointed to the Treasury Select Committee; was made chairman of the Conservative Party’s One Nation Forum; and joined the executive committee of the European Atlantic Alliance. In 1991 he spoke for the Party in Hong Kong, Taiwan, New Zealand and California. Later that year he resumed as a Parliamentary Private Secretary, to Ian Lang, Secretary of State for Scotland. 1992 - 1997
After the 1992 general election <mask> was appointed Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Home Office as Immigration Minister. He also had  Commons responsibility for the Police and the Fire Service which were led by Lord Ferrers in the Lords. <mask> took the Asylum and Immigration Appeals Bill through its Commons stages; reviewed entry clearance procedures in Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Hong Kong; and deputised for the Home Secretary at EU Councils of Interior and Justice Ministers in Copenhagen, Athens, Thessaloniki, Brussels and Luxembourg. He took a Police Bill through its standing committee stage; chaired the National Board for Crime Prevention; and chaired meetings of Fire Service chief officers and the Fire Brigades Union.Moved to the Department of Trade and Industry in July 1994, <mask> led trade delegations to the United States, Canada, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Sweden. As an Energy Minister he participated in the 16thand 17throunds of North Sea oil and gas licensing; addressed the World Energy Conference at Cartagena; and signed the Energy Charter Treaty in Lisbon. He was also the Government sponsor minister for Birmingham, Walsall and the Black Country. In 1995, after private correspondence and personal exchanges with Prime Minister John Major over fifteen months, <mask>


title: Charles Wardle

texts:
 resigned from the Government to speak independently to the whole political audience on the need to preserve British border controls within the framework of the European Treaty. The Sunday Express, Daily Telegraph, Daily Mail, The Times, Sunday Times and Independent on Sunday all supported <mask>'s reasons for his resignation. The issue <mask> raised, to keep in place British immigration controls on non-EU nationals coming to the UK from mainland Europe, was achieved by an opt-out for the UK in European Treaty law at the Amsterdam Intergovernmental Conference in 1997 by the new Labour Government who acknowledged <mask>'s campaign. Having left the Government, <mask> sat on the Public Accounts Committee; was an international observer at Chita, Siberia as an international observer for the 1996 Russian Presidential Election; and joined a Conservative Central Office team of election advisers to the President of Moldova.1997 - 2001
After the 1997 general election <mask> re-joined the Public Accounts Committee; with a member of the Defence Select Committee he attended a Moscow conference with senior Russian military personnel to discuss budgetary control of military field operations; he was part of a Parliamentary delegation to the US Senate, the IMF and the Federal Reserve; spoke for the Conservative Party in the Czech Republic; visited Taipei as a guest of the Taiwanese Government; was an Evelyn Wrench Fellowship speaker for the English Speaking Union in the USA; and gave lectures to the Civil Service College. In January 2000 <mask> was re-adopted unanimously by his constituency association for the next general election expected the following year. In April 2000, however, he informed his association executive that with great personal regret he and his wife had changed their minds about continuing for another Parliament because he needed to revert to his business career to make long-term financial provision after serious illness in their family. In July 2000 the Bexhill and Battle constituency

masks: Wardle Wardle Wardle Wardle Wardle Wardle


title: Charles Wardle

texts:
 association interviewed for a new Parliamentary candidate for the next election, having asked <mask> to comment on their list of 186 applicants. <mask> wrote congratulating his successor, but in November 2000 a group of <mask>'s senior local Conservative supporters voiced concern about the new candidate's recent employment in Moscow and the origins of money he had obtained offshore. Without the Conservative whip at the close of his 18-year Parliamentary career for persisting with questions about Greg Barker’s Russian activities, after the dissolution of Parliament <mask> was approached by Nigel Farage with whom he had no previous contact whatsoever. He met Farage who decided at the last minute to stand in Bexhill and Battle.During Farage’s campaign <mask> told the local press: "I am a Conservative who has decided to lend my support to Farage at this election". During the 2001-05 Parliament <mask> was invited to discuss immigration controls with Tony Blair. He discussed technical issues of immigration control, notably the growing problem of illegal overstayers, with three of Blair's Home Secretaries. At the 2005 general election he attended a press conference to demolish a far-fetched Opposition claim that more than 200 UK ports of entry would be manned for immigration control. Since he left Parliament in 2001 <mask> has not been a member of any political party. From time to time he is consulted on immigration controls. He voted Leave in the 2016 referendum.Personal life
<mask> and <mask> live at Whitehall Court, London SW1 with a second home at Cranbrook, Kent. Their daughter, Dr <mask> is an academic and poet with five collections of poetry published by Bloodaxe Books. <mask> is a member of the Travellers Club and the Farmers Club. References

External links

1939 births
Alumni of Lincoln College, Oxford
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Harvard Business School alumni
Living people
People educated at Tonbridge School
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
UK MPs 1992–1997
UK

masks:
Wardle
Wardle
Wardle
Wardle
Wardle
Wardle
Wardle
Charles
Lesley Wardle
Sarah Wardle
Wardle


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts:
<mask> is a Filipino poet, fictionist, author, and filmmaker. Writing in Hiligaynon, he is a Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature Hall of Fame Awardee, the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) Literary Grant, and the All-Western Visayas Literary Contest (National Commission for Culture and the Arts) winner. In 2015, he became the first Filipino author to be invited to the Sharjah International Book Fair in the United Arab Emirates. Writing in English, Filipino, and Hiligaynon, he has authored at least 20 books, and has written screenplays. He wrote and edited newspapers in Iloilo City before becoming a nurse in the United States. As an actor, <mask> briefly appeared in Tikoy Aguiluz's film on cybersex, www.XXX.com, of which he was also the assistant director. He has also written, produced, and directed a full-length feature film in Hiligaynon, Gugma sa Panahon sang Bakunawa (Love in the Time of the Bakunawa), which was a finalist at the 1st Sineng Pambansa National Film Competition of the Film Development Council of the Philippines.<mask> resides in Reisterstown, Maryland, and continues to write in at least three languages. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on January 6, 1969 and raised in the coastal town of Dumangas, Iloilo, Philippines. He is the eldest among five siblings and his

masks:
Peter Solis Nery
Nery
Nery
Peter Solis
Nery


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts:
 parents were both public school teachers. <mask> attended primary school at the Dumangas Central Elementary School, completed his secondary education at the Dumangas Polytechnic College (now Iloilo State College of Fisheries), where he was consistently a first honor student from grade school to high school. He finished his bachelor of science degree in Biology from the University of the Philippines in the Visayas, where he was named Most Outstanding Student (1989) and Most Outstanding Graduate of 1990. He also received the President’s Award of Merit as Outstanding Student in his graduation year. While at school, <mask> honed his talent for writing.Under his editorship, he led the UPV College of Arts and Sciences' official publication, Pagbutlak (Sunrise) to become the region’s best at the 1989 College Press Awards. <mask> also had attended the SVD Christ the King Mission Seminary in Quezon City where he took an Associate in Philosophy degree in 1992-1993. In 2004, he earned his Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree from the West Negros College (now West Negros University) in Bacolod, Negros Occidental. Writing career

Early works
After the EDSA Revolution of 1986, <mask> found himself in a new wave of Philippine literature. There was a resurgence of interest in nationalistic writing. At U.P., <mask> was lucky to

masks: Peter Peter Peter Peter Peter


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts:
 meet Leoncio Deriada (2001 Palanca Hall of Fame awardee) who encouraged him to write in Hiligaynon. <mask> won his first national award in writing for his poetry in Hiligaynon, Mga Ambahanon kag Pangamuyo sang Bata nga Nalimtan sa Wayang (Songs and Prayers of a Child Forgotten in the Fields)in 1992.For his performance poetry Si Eva, si Delilah, si Ruth, kag ang Alput (Eva, Delilah, Ruth, and the Prostitute) at the Premio Operiano Italia, he was named Hari sang Binalaybay (King of Hiligaynon Poetry) in 1993, a title he held until 1998. During his student activism days at the university, he wrote his first book, I Flew a Kite for Pepe, in 1993. He admits, “I cringe now at my boldness to call it poetry then but I always thought that the book had a big heart. I still cry when I read it.” It was followed by his earth song and hymn to the planet, First Few Notes of a Green Symphony. Transition
While working as a religious missionary in Macau, <mask> became more introspective and started his memoirs. The Essential Thoughts of a Purple Cat was published by Giraffe Books in 1996; Moon River, Butterflies and Me in 1997; and My Life as a Hermit again by Giraffe in 1998. In 1995, he won the NCCA Western Visayas Poetry Competition for his collection Umanhon nga Gugma (Love of the Rural Folks).Some of the poems were translated,

masks: Peter Peter


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts: reworked, and included in his provocative collection, Rated R (Giraffe Books, 1997). <mask> published four titles in 1997: the playful poetry collection Shy Evocations of Childhood and Other Poems that Came under Hypnosis, and Rated R for Giraffe; Shorts, a collection of haiku-like poems, and the memoir Moon River, Butterflies and Me for New Day. He won his first Palanca gold medal for his magical realist Hiligaynon Short Story Lirio about a deaf-mute who is a victim of marital rape. Furthermore, his first screenplay, Buyong, about a Katipunero revolutionary from Aklan won third prize in the screenplay category of the Centennial Literary Prize. Later that year, his second screenplay, Tayo na sa Buwan (Let’s Go to the Moon), won an honorable mention at the Film Development Foundation of the Philippines. Eventually, he started his own publishing company and produced A Loneliness Greater than Love (2000), an exploration of homoerotic themes; and Fantasia (2000), a collection of his Palanca-winning fiction. In 2001, he published Rain as Gentle as Tears, a sequel to his 1997 Shorts collection, and The Prince of Ngoyngoy (The Prince of Sob), a collection of lyric poems in Hiligaynon that established <mask> as the Ilonggo epitome of emotional poetry.In 2003, he launched Pierre: The Magazine of <mask>is Nery. It delivered

masks:
Peter
Peter
Peter Sol


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts:
 three monthly issues. When opportunity came in 2006, he went to the United States to work as a nurse. For 100 days in 2005, <mask> endeavored to write 100 erotic sonnets in Hiligaynon. He called it Kakunyag (Thrill). It was launched during the National Arts Month 2006 in Iloilo, and was serialized in a newspaper. He won a Palanca in 2006 for his Hiligaynon psycho-thriller short story, Ang Kapid (The Twins).The win provided him another encouragement to persevere in writing in the Hiligaynon. In 2007, <mask> won his second Palanca gold for his historical Hiligaynon Short Story Candido, about the anting-anting (amulet) of the revolutionary Candido Iban. The following year, he won his third Palanca gold for his play in English, The Passion of Jovita Fuentes, about the tragic love of the first Filipino international opera diva and first female National Artist in Music. <mask> also completed translation of his 100 Erotic Sonnets in the Hiligaynon into English in 2008. Nursing career
<mask> enrolled in Nursing as he continued to write for the newspaper. He graduated his Bachelor of Science in Nursing in October 2004. He went to the United States in February 2006 and became a Registered Nurse in California in May of the same year and started working as an orthopedic nurse in Los Angeles in 2007.In October 2008, he was given

masks: Peter Peter Peter Nery


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts:
 various awards for his commitment to his nursing profession including the Daisy Award for Extraordinary Nurses. Peter Solis Nery Foundation
The Peter Solis Nery Foundation, or The Peter Solis Nery Foundation for Hiligaynon Literature and the Arts, Inc. was established in September 2012 by <mask>, right after his induction into the Palanca Awards Hall of Fame. The foundation, which aims to promote, preserve, and propagate Hiligaynon literature, and Filipino art and culture, through research, publications, productions, education, and cultural dissemination, was incorporated by the Philippine Securities and Exchange Commission on November 5, 2012. Following immediately, the foundation created the Peter’s Prize for Excellence in Hiligaynon Writing that first gave out awards in September 2013. In May 2014, the foundation sponsored a month-long online Hiligaynon poetry workshop called Poem-a-thon with <mask> <mask>. In August 2014, the foundation published five anthology books of new Hiligaynon writings culled from the Peter’s Prize competitions and the Poem-a-thon workshop. Personal life
<mask> is gay, and was married to an American man from 2008 until the latter's death when <mask> was 46.<mask> is a Roman Catholic despite the church’s stand on homosexuality. Published works
I Flew a Kite for Maria (New Day Publishers.

masks:
Nery
Peter Solis
Nery
Nery
Nery
Nery


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts:
 Quezon City: 1993.) First Few Notes of a Green Symphony (Giraffe Books. Quezon City: 1994.) The Essential Thoughts of a Purple Cat (Giraffe Books. Quezon City: 1996.)Rated R (Giraffe Books. Quezon City: 1997.) Shorts (New Day Publishers. Quezon City: 1997.) Moon River, Butterflies, and Me (New Day Publishers. Quezon City: 1997.) Shy Evocations of Childhood (Giraffe Books.Quezon City: 1997.) My Life as a Hermit (Giraffe Books. Quezon City: 1998.) Fireflies for a Yuppie (Giraffe Books. Quezon City: 1998.) A Loneliness Greater than Love (DreamWings Publishing. Iloilo: 2000.)Fantasia (DreamWings Publishing. Iloilo: 2000.) Rain as Gentle as Tears (DreamWings Publishing. Iloilo: 2001.) The Prince of Ngoyngoy (DreamWings Publishing. Iloilo: 2001.) The Passion of Jovita Fuentes (New Day Publishers.Quezon City: 2009.) 100 Erotic Sonnets from the Hiligaynon (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2010.) Love in the Time of the Bakunawa (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2012.) If the Shoe Fits: Or, The Five Men Imelda Marcos Meets in Heaven (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2012.)Cory, Full of Grace (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2012)
Kakunyag: Erotic Sonnets in Hiligaynon (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2012)
Stories in a Mellifluous Language (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2012)
<mask>’s Prize Very, Very Short Stories in Hiligaynon (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2014)
<mask>’s Prize Love Poems in


title: Peter Solis Nery

texts:
 Hiligaynon (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2014)
Peter’s Prize Children’s Stories and Poems in Hiligaynon (CreateSpace. U.S.A.:2014)
<mask>’s Prize The Saddest Love Stories Ever Told in Hiligaynon (CreateSpace.U.S.A.: 2014)
The Poem-a-thon Anthology: Mga Binalaybay sang Mayo 2014 (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2014)
The Passion of Jovita Fuentes: International edition (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2015)
Welcome to Grindr (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2016)
Creative Writing: DIWA Senior High School Series (Diwa Learning Systems, Inc. Makati City: 2017)
At My Father's Wake: 10 Elegies in 3 Languages (CreateSpace. U.S.A.: 2019)
After: Prose Poems (KDP. U.S.A.: 2019)
Funny, Sad, and Dangerous


title: Dan Boyle (ice hockey)

texts:
<mask> (born July 12, 1976) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League (NHL). Undrafted, <mask> played in the NHL for the Florida Panthers, the Tampa Bay Lightning, with whom he won the Stanley Cup in 2004, the San Jose Sharks and the New York Rangers. Collegiate Career
<mask> played junior hockey for the Gloucester Rangers of the Canadian Junior Hockey League and signed to play US college hockey for Miami University of the CCHA. <mask> established himself quickly, making the First-Team All-Rookie team in 1994-95, the All-CCHA First Team in 1996-97 and 1997-98, and being named a First-Team All-American in both 1997 and 1998. He was Miami's record holder for goals in a game by a defenseman (3) and points in a season by a defenseman (54). During his career, he ranked second at Miami in career assists (107), ninth in career points (147) and third in assists in a season (43 in 1997). In 1996-97, <mask> helped Miami to a 27-12-1 (.688) mark and the program's second ever appearance in the NCAA Tournament.<mask> was named to the Miami University Athletic Hall of Fame in 2007. Professional career

Florida Panthers
Undrafted in any NHL Entry Draft after four years of college hockey at Miami University, the under-sized defender was signed as a free agent by the Florida Panthers on March 30, 1998. He played his first two seasons in the Panthers' farm system in the American Hockey League (AHL), earning All-Rookie Team honours in 1999, as well as Second Team All-Star honours in 1999 and 2000. <mask> earned a full-time roster spot with the Panthers in 2000–01, recording four goals and 22 points. Tampa Bay Lightning
The next season, his

masks:
Daniel Denis Boyle
Boyle
Boyle
Boyle
Boyle
Boyle
Boyle


title: Dan Boyle (ice hockey)

texts: fourth in Florida, <mask> was traded to the Tampa Bay Lightning in exchange for a 2003 fifth-round draft pick (Martin Tůma) on January 7, 2002. After completing the season with 20 points in 41 games after coming over from the Panthers, he was re-signed to a one-year contract by the Lightning on August 6, 2002. <mask> recorded 13 goals and 53 points in his first full season with the Lightning in 2002–03 before helping the team to the 2004 Stanley Cup championship.Due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout, <mask> went overseas to play for Djurgårdens IF of the Swedish Elitserien. As NHL play resumed the next season, <mask> continued to produce with a 15-goal, 53-point season in 2005–06. He recorded his first career NHL hat-trick against the New York Rangers on December 23, 2006, adding an assist for a four-point game in a 4–3 win. The following season, <mask> elevated his game to career-high numbers of 20 goals, 43 assists and 63 points, good enough for Second Team All-Star honours. <mask> suffered a major setback, however, in September 2007, injuring himself in a freak accident after a pre-season game when a skate slipped off a hook in his locker and hit him in the left wrist, severing three tendons. <mask> underwent initial wrist surgery on September 23; he attempted to return on October 29, but after playing his first four games of the 2007–08 season, <mask> underwent additional surgery on the injured wrist, missing another 36 games. He did not make a full comeback until January 24, 2008, scoring two goals in his return, and soon thereafter was re-signed to a six-year, $40 million contract extension on February 25.He completed his injury-shortened campaign with 25 points in 37 games.

masks: Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle


title: Dan Boyle (ice hockey)

texts:
 San Jose Sharks
Despite coming off a recent contract extension with the Lightning, on July 4, 2008, <mask> was traded, along with Brad Lukowich, to the San Jose Sharks in exchange for Matt Carle, Ty Wishart, a first-round draft pick in 2009 and a fourth-round draft pick in 2010. <mask> was pressured to waive his no-trade clause by Tampa Bay's new ownership, who said they would otherwise place him on waivers, where he would likely be claimed by the Atlanta Thrashers. Already knowing Joe Thornton, Patrick Marleau and Evgeni Nabokov, <mask> agreed to be traded to the Sharks. In his first season with the Sharks, <mask> tallied 16 goals and 57 points over 77 games, leading all team defencemen. The following season, on December 31, 2009, <mask> scored his 100th career NHL goal against the Phoenix Coyotes in a 3–2 shootout win. He finished the campaign with 15 goals and 58 points.In the opening series of the 2010 playoffs, <mask> ended game three against the Colorado Avalanche in overtime by inadvertently shooting the puck into his own net. Pressured by Avalanche forward Ryan O'Reilly, <mask> attempted to ring the puck around the boards behind his net, but it was deflected by O'Reilly into the Sharks' net between Evgeni Nabokov's pad and the post. Nonetheless, the Sharks won the series 4–2, winning Games 4, 5 and 6; <mask> had a point in all three games. In the first period of the October 15, 2013, against the St. Louis Blues, <mask> was checked from behind by Maxim Lapierre into the boards, injuring his jaw and knocking him unconscious; the incident led to a fight involving teammate Matt Pelech and 17 minutes worth of penalties for Andrew Desjardins. <mask> was taken off the ice

masks: Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle Boyle


title: Dan Boyle (ice hockey)

texts:
 via stretcher to a local hospital, and would miss the following game against the Dallas Stars. He returned on November 2, in a game against the Phoenix Coyotes, scoring a goal in a shootout loss. After the conclusion of the 2013–14 season, Sharks general manager Doug Wilson announced that pending free agent <mask> would not be returning to San Jose for the 2014–15 season.On June 5, the Sharks traded his rights to the New York Islanders for a conditional 2015 fifth-round pick. New York Rangers
Unable to come to terms with the Islanders, <mask> opted to head to free agency, and on July 1, 2014, he signed a two-year contract with the New York Rangers. On October 5, 2016, <mask> announced his retirement from the NHL. <mask> scored 164 goals and 605 points over 1,093 NHL games with four teams. In his retirement statement <mask> said, "I've been fortunate and blessed to have had the opportunity to do what I most love to do. All I wanted to do as a young boy was have the opportunity to play ONE game in the NHL. Over a thousand games later, this whole experience seems surreal.I want to thank all four organizations for the opportunity, my teammates and the FANS for this amazing run that I will cherish forever." <mask> stated that he will live in the San Jose area with his family. International play

<mask> made his international debut with Canada at the 2005 World Championships in Austria during the 2004–05 NHL lockout. He contributed three assists in nine games as part of a silver medal-winning effort by Canada; they were defeated 3–0 in the gold medal game by the Czech Republic. The next year, <mask> was named as a reserve in light of injuries to Scott Niedermayer and Ed


title: Dan Boyle (ice hockey)

texts:
 Jovanovski for Team Canada at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. He did not appear in a game, however, as Team Canada was kept off the podium. On December 30, 2009, team Canada general manager Steve Yzerman named <mask> to the 2010 Winter Olympic team as a full member.On February 28, 2010, the team defeated the United States to win Canada's eighth gold medal in Olympic men's hockey. Personal life
<mask> and his now ex wife Amber have two daughters together. The family resides in Los Gatos, California. Growing up, <mask> attended French-speaking École élémentaire Sainte-Anne and École secondaire publique De La Salle in Ottawa. During Game 1 of the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals with the Tampa Bay Lightning against the Calgary Flames, an electrical fire broke out in his Florida home, causing an estimated $300,000 worth of damage. Career statistics

Regular season and playoffs

International

Awards and honours

See also
List of NHL players with 1,000 games played

References

External links

1976 births
Living people
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
Florida Panthers players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Ice hockey players at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Louisville Panthers players
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Miami RedHawks men's ice hockey players
Miami University alumni
National Hockey League All-Stars
New York Rangers players
Olympic gold medalists for Canada
Olympic ice hockey players of Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
San Jose Sharks players
Sportspeople from Ottawa
Stanley Cup champions
Tampa Bay Lightning players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Sweden
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey

masks: Boyle Boyle Boyle


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
<mask> (; born April 2, 1947) is an American feminist academic and social critic. <mask> has been a professor at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, since 1984. She is critical of many aspects of modern culture and is the author of Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson (1990) and other books. She is also a critic of contemporary American feminism and of post-structuralism, as well as a commentator on multiple aspects of American culture such as its visual art, music, and film history. Personal life
<mask> was born in Endicott, New York, the eldest child of Pasquale and Lydia Anne (née Colapietro) <mask>. All four of her grandparents were born in Italy. Her mother emigrated to the United States at five years old from Ceccano, in the province of Frosinone, Lazio, Italy.Paglia has stated that her father's side of the family was from the Campanian towns of Avellino, Benevento, and Caserta. <mask> was raised Roman Catholic, and attended primary school in rural Oxford, New York, where her family lived in a working farmhouse. Her father, a veteran of World War II, taught at the Oxford Academy high school and exposed his young daughter to art through books he brought home about French art history. In 1957, her family moved to Syracuse, New York, so that her father could begin graduate school; he eventually became a professor of Romance languages at Le Moyne College. She attended the Edward Smith Elementary School, T. Aaron Levy Junior High, and William Nottingham High School. In 1992, Carmelia Metosh, her Latin teacher for three years, said, "She always has been controversial. Whatever statements were being made (in class), she had to challenge them.She made good points then, as she does now." <mask> thanked Metosh in the acknowledgements to Sexual Personae, later describing her as "the dragon lady of Latin studies, who breathed fire at principals and school boards". During her stays at a summer Girl Scout camp in Thendara, New York, she took

masks:
Camille Anna Paglia
Paglia
Paglia
Paglia
Paglia
Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
 on a variety of new names, including Anastasia (her confirmation name, inspired by the film Anastasia), Stacy, and Stanley. A crucially significant event for her was when an outhouse exploded after she poured too much quicklime into the latrine. "That symbolized everything I would do with my life and work. Excess and extravagance and explosiveness. I would be someone who would look into the latrine of culture, into pornography and crime and psychopathology ... and I would drop the bomb into it".For more than a decade, <mask> was the partner of artist Alison Maddex. <mask> legally adopted Maddex's son (who was born in 2002). In 2007, the couple separated but remained "harmonious co-parents," in the words of <mask>, who lived two miles apart. <mask> describes herself as transgender. Education
<mask> entered Harpur College at Binghamton University in 1964. The same year, <mask>'s poem "Atrophy" was published in the local newspaper. She later said that she was trained to read literature by poet Milton Kessler, who "believed in the responsiveness of the body, and of the activation of the senses to literature ... And oh did I believe in that".She graduated from Harpur as class valedictorian in 1968. According to <mask>, while in college she punched a "marauding drunk," and takes pride in having been put on probation for committing 39 pranks. <mask> attended Yale as a graduate student, and she claims to have been the only open lesbian at Yale Graduate School from 1968 to 1972. At Yale, Paglia quarreled with Rita Mae Brown, whom she later characterized as "then darkly nihilist," and argued with the New Haven, Connecticut, Women's Liberation Rock Band when they dismissed the Rolling Stones as sexist. <mask> was mentored by Harold Bloom. Sexual Personae was then titled "The Androgynous Dream: the image of the androgyne as it appears in literature and is embodied in the psyche of the artist, with reference to the visual arts and the cinema." Paglia read Susan Sontag and aspired to emulate what she

masks: Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
 called her "celebrity, her positioning in the media world at the border of the high arts and popular culture."<mask> first saw Sontag in person on October 15, 1969 (Vietnam Moratorium Day), when <mask>, then a Yale graduate student, was visiting a friend at Princeton. In 1973, <mask>, a militant feminist and open lesbian, was working at her first academic job at Bennington College. She considered Sontag a radical who had challenged male dominance. The same year, <mask> drove to an appearance by Sontag at Dartmouth, hoping to arrange for her to speak at Bennington, but found it difficult to find the money for Sontag's speaking fee; <mask> relied on help from Richard Tristman, a friend of Sontag's, to persuade her to come. Bennington College agreed to pay Sontag $700 (twice what they usually offered speakers but only half Sontag's usual fee) to give a talk about contemporary issues. <mask> staged a poster campaign urging students to attend Sontag's appearance. Sontag arrived at Bennington Carriage Barn, where she was to speak, more than an hour late, and then began reading what <mask> recalled as a "boring and bleak" short story about "nothing" in the style of a French New Novel.As a result of Sontag's Bennington College appearance, <mask> began to become disenchanted with her, believing that she had withdrawn from confrontation with the academic world, and that her "mandarin disdain" for popular culture showed an elitism that betrayed her early work, which had suggested that high and low culture both reflected a new sensibility. Career
In the autumn of 1972, <mask> began teaching at Bennington College, which hired her in part thanks to a recommendation from Harold Bloom. At Bennington, she befriended the philosopher James Fessenden, who first taught there in the same semester. Through her study of the classics and the scholarly work of Jane Ellen Harrison, James George Frazer, Erich Neumann and others, Paglia developed a theory of sexual history that contradicted a number of ideas


title: Camille Paglia

texts: fashionable at the time, hence her criticism of Marija Gimbutas, Carolyn Heilbrun, Kate Millett and others. She laid out her ideas on matriarchy, androgyny, homosexuality, sadomasochism and other topics in her Yale PhD thesis Sexual Personae: The Androgyne in Literature and Art, which she defended in December 1974. In September 1976, she gave a public lecture drawing on that dissertation, in which she discussed Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, followed by remarks on Diana Ross, Gracie Allen, Yul Brynner, and Stéphane Audran. <mask> wrote that she "nearly came to blows with the founding members of the women's studies program at the State University of New York at Albany, when they categorically denied that hormones influence human experience or behavior".Similar fights with feminists and academics culminated in a 1978 incident which led her to resign from Bennington; after a lengthy standoff with the administration, <mask> accepted a settlement from the college and resigned in 1979. <mask> finished Sexual Personae in the early 1980s, but could not get it published. She supported herself with visiting and part-time teaching jobs at Yale, Wesleyan, and other Connecticut colleges. Her paper, "The Apollonian Androgyne and the Faerie Queene", was published in English Literary Renaissance, Winter 1979, and her dissertation was cited by J. Hillis Miller in his April 1980 article "Wuthering Heights and the Ellipses of Interpretation", in Journal of Religion in Literature, but her academic career was otherwise stalled. In a 1995 letter to Boyd Holmes, she recalled: "I earned a little extra money by doing some local features reporting for a New Haven alternative newspaper (The Advocate) in the early 1980s". She wrote articles on New Haven's historic pizzerias and on an old house that was a stop on the Underground Railroad. In 1984, she joined the faculty of the Philadelphia College of Performing Arts, which merged in 1987 with the Philadelphia College of Art to become the University of the

masks: Paglia Paglia Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
 Arts.<mask> is on the editorial board of the classics and humanities journal Arion. She wrote a regular column for Salon.com from 1995 to 2001, and again from 2007 to 2009. <mask> resumed writing a Salon.com column in 2016. <mask> cooperated with Carl Rollyson and Lisa Paddock in their writing of Susan Sontag: The Making of an Icon, sending them detailed letters from which they quoted with her permission. Rollyson and Paddock note that Sontag "had her lawyer put our publisher on notice" when she realized that they were investigating her life and career. <mask> participates in the decennial poll of film professionals conducted by Sight & Sound which asks participants to submit a list of what they believe to be the ten greatest films of all time. According to her responses to the poll in 2002 and 2012, the films <mask> holds in highest regard include Ben-Hur, Citizen Kane, La Dolce Vita, The Godfather, The Godfather: Part II, Gone with the Wind, Lawrence of Arabia, North by Northwest, Orphée, Persona, 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Ten Commandments, and Vertigo.In 2005, <mask> was named as one of the top 100 public intellectuals by the journals Foreign Policy and Prospect. In 2012, an article in The New York Times remarked that  who has been following the body count of the culture wars over the past decades knows <mask>". <mask> has said that she is willing to have her entire career judged on the basis of her composition of what she considers to be "probably the most important sentence that she has ever written": "God is man's greatest idea." Views

Feminism
Though <mask> admires Simone de Beauvoir and The Second Sex ("the supreme work of modern feminism ... its deep learning and massive argument are unsurpassed") as well as Germaine Greer, Time critic Martha Duffy writes that <mask> "does not hesitate to hurl brazen insults" at several feminists. In an interview, <mask> stated that to be effective, one has to "name names"; criticism should be concrete. <mask> stated that many critics "escape

masks: Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts: into abstractions", rendering their criticism "intellectualized and tame". <mask> accused Greer of becoming "a drone in three years" as a result of her early success; Paglia has also criticized the work of activist Diana Fuss.Elaine Showalter calls <mask> "unique in the hyperbole and virulence of her hostility to virtually all the prominent feminist activists, public figures, writers and scholars of her generation", mentioning Carolyn Heilbrun, Judith Butler, Carol Gilligan, Marilyn French, Zoe Baird, Kimba Wood, Susan Thomases, and Hillary Clinton as targets of her criticism. <mask> has accused Kate Millett of starting "the repressive, Stalinist style in feminist criticism." <mask> has repeatedly criticized Patricia Ireland, former president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), calling her a "sanctimonious", unappealing role model for women whose "smug, arrogant" attitude is accompanied by "painfully limited processes of thought". <mask> contends that under Ireland's leadership, NOW "damaged and marginalized the women's movement". In 1999, Martha Nussbaum wrote an essay called "The Professor of Parody", in which she criticized Judith Butler for retreating to abstract theory disconnected from real world problems. <mask> reacted to the essay by stating that the criticism was "long overdue", but characterized the criticism as "one PC diva turning against another". She criticized Nussbaum for failing to make her criticisms earlier while accusing her of borrowing Paglia's ideas without acknowledgement.She called Nussbaum's "preparation or instinct for sex analysis ... dubious at best", but nevertheless stated that "Nussbaum is a genuine scholar who operates on a vastly higher intellectual level than Butler". Many feminists have criticized <mask>; Christina Hoff Sommers calls her "Perhaps the most conspicuous target of feminist opprobrium," noting that the Women's Review of Books described Sexual Personae as patriarchy's "counter-assault on feminism". Sommers relates that when

masks: Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts: <mask> appeared at a Brown University forum, feminists signed a petition censuring her and demanding an investigation into procedures for inviting speakers to the campus. Some feminist critics have characterized <mask> as an "anti-feminist feminist", critical of central features of much contemporary feminism but holding out "her own special variety of feminist affirmation". Naomi Wolf traded a series of sometimes personal attacks with <mask> throughout the early 1990s. In The New Republic, Wolf wrote that <mask> "poses as a sexual renegade but is in fact the most dutiful of patriarchal daughters" and characterized <mask> as intellectually dishonest. In a 1991 speech, <mask> criticized Wolf for blaming anorexia on the media.Gloria Steinem said of <mask> that, "Her calling herself a feminist is sort of like a Nazi saying they're not anti-Semitic." <mask> called Steinem "the Stalin of feminism". Katha Pollitt calls <mask> one of a "seemingly endless parade of social critics [who] have achieved celebrity by portraying not sexism but feminism as the problem". Pollitt writes that <mask> has glorified "male dominance", and has been able to get away with things "that might make even Rush Limbaugh blanch," because she is a woman. <mask>'s view that rape is sexually motivated has been endorsed by evolutionary psychologists Randy Thornhill and Craig T. Palmer; they comment that "<mask> ... urges women to be skeptical toward the feminist 'party line' on the subject, to become better informed about risk factors, and to use the information to lower their risk of rape". In an essay critiquing the Hollywood/celebrity fad of "Girl Squads", made popular in 2015 by pop-icons like Taylor Swift, <mask> argued that rather than empowering women the cliquish practice actually harms the self-esteem of those who are not rich, famous, or attractive enough to belong to the group, while further defining women only by a very narrow, often sexualized stereotype. She challenged that to be truly empowering, these

masks: Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
 groups need to mentor, advise, and be more inclusive, for more women to realize their true, individual potential.Transgender people
<mask> identifies as transgender. She reports having gender dysphoria since childhood, and says that "never once in my life have I felt female". She says that she was "donning flamboyant male costumes from early childhood on". Nevertheless, <mask> says that she is "highly skeptical about the current transgender wave" which she thinks has been produced by "far more complicated psychological and sociological factors than current gender discourse allows". She writes that "In a democracy, everyone, no matter how nonconformist or eccentric, should be free from harassment and abuse. But at the same time, no one deserves special rights, protections, or privileges on the basis of their eccentricity." <mask>'s views led to a petition demanding University of the Arts to remove her from their faculty, but the university rejected it.<mask> considered it "a publicity stunt" and praised the university's "eloquent statement affirming academic freedom [as] a landmark in contemporary education." Climate change

<mask> has long rejected global warming, which she describes as "the political agenda that has slowly accrued" around the issue of climate change. In a 2017 interview with The Weekly Standard, <mask> stated, "It is certainly ironic how liberals who posture as defenders of science when it comes to global warming (a sentimental myth unsupported by evidence) flee all reference to biology when it comes to gender." French academia
<mask> is critical of the influence modern French writers have had on the humanities, claiming that universities are in the "thrall" of French post-structuralists; that in the works of Jean Baudrillard, Jacques Derrida, Jacques Lacan and Michel Foucault, she never once found a sentence that interested her. François Cusset writes that <mask>, like other major American public intellectuals after World War II, owes her broader recognition mainly

masks: Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
 to the political repercussions of polemics that first erupted on college campuses, in her case to a polemic against foreign intellectualism. He says she achieved phenomenal success when she called Foucault a "bastard", thereby providing (together with Alan Sokal's Social Text parody) the best evidence for Paul de Man's view that theory should be defined negatively, based on the opposition it arouses. However, <mask>'s assessment of French writers is not purely negative.She has called Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex (1949) "brilliant" and identified Jean-Paul Sartre's work as part of a high period in literature. <mask> has praised Roland Barthes's Mythologies (1957) and Gilles Deleuze's Masochism: Coldness and Cruelty (1967), while finding both men's later work flawed. Of Gaston Bachelard, who influenced <mask>, she wrote "[his] dignified yet fluid phenomenological descriptive method seemed to me ideal for art", adding that he was "the last modern French writer I took seriously". Politics
<mask> characterizes herself as a libertarian. She opposes laws against prostitution, pornography, drugs, and abortion. She is also opposed to affirmative action laws. Some of her views have been characterized as conservative, although when asked in 2017 if she considers herself a cultural Conservative she replied: "No, not at all.... Conservative would mean I was cleaving to something past which was great, and no longer is.... and usually I'm not saying we should return to anything.I do believe we're moving inexorably into the future." <mask> criticized Bill Clinton for not resigning after the Monica Lewinsky scandal, which she says "paralyzed the government for two years, leading directly to our blindsiding by 9/11". In the 2000 U.S. presidential campaign, she voted for the Green Party candidate Ralph Nader "[because] I detest the arrogant, corrupt superstructure of the Democratic Party, with which I remain stubbornly registered." In the 2004 U.S. presidential election, Paglia supported John

masks: Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia Paglia


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
 Kerry, and in 2008 she supported Barack Obama. In 2012, she supported Green Party candidate Jill Stein. <mask> was highly critical of 2016 presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, calling her a "fraud" and a "liar". Paglia refused to support either Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. presidential election, indicating in a March Salon column that if Hillary Clinton won the Democratic Party's nomination, she would either cast a write-in vote for Bernie Sanders or else vote for Green Party candidate Stein, as she did in 2012.<mask> later clarified in a statement that she would vote for Stein. In 2017, she stated that she is a registered Democrat who voted for Bernie Sanders in the 2016 Democratic primary and for Jill Stein in the 2016 general election. For the 2020 U.S. presidential election, <mask> criticized the Democratic Party for lacking a coherent message and a strong candidate. She disavowed Sanders as being "way too old and creaky" and retracted her initial support for Kamala Harris for missing "a huge opportunity to play a moderating, statesmanlike role." Citing the "need to project steadiness, substance, and warmth," <mask> expressed interest in Cheri Bustos and Steve Bullock as potential candidates. Child sexuality
In 1993, <mask> signed a manifesto supporting NAMBLA, a pederasty and pedophilia advocacy organization. In 1994, <mask> supported lowering the legal age of consent to 14.She noted in a 1995 interview with pro-pedophile activist Bill Andriette, "I fail to see what is wrong with erotic fondling with any age." In a 1997 Salon column, <mask> expressed the view that male pedophilia correlates with the heights of a civilization, stating "I have repeatedly protested the lynch-mob hysteria that dogs the issue of man-boy love. In Sexual Personae, I argued that male pedophilia is intricately intertwined with the cardinal moments of Western civilization." <mask> noted in several interviews, as well as Sexual Personae, that she supports the legalization of certain


title: Camille Paglia

texts:
 forms of child pornography. She later had a change of heart on the matter. In an interview for Radio New Zealand's Saturday Morning show, conducted on April 28, 2018 by Kim Hill, <mask> was asked, "Are you a libertarian on the issue of pedophilia? ", to which she replied, "In terms of the present day, I think it's absolutely impossible to think we could reproduce the Athenian code of pedophilia, of boy-love, that was central to culture at that time.... We must protect children, and I feel that very very strongly. The age of consent for sexual interactions between a boy and an older man is obviously disputed, at what point that should be. I used to think that fourteen (the way it is in some places in the world) was adequate. I no longer think that. I think young people need greater protection than that. ... This is one of those areas that we must confine to the realm of imagination and the history of the arts."Books

Sexual Personae

<mask>'s Sexual Personae was rejected by at least seven different publishers before it was published by Yale University Press, whereupon it became a best seller, reaching seventh place on the paperback best-seller list, a rare accomplishment for a scholarly book. '<mask> called it her "prison book", commenting, "I felt like Cervantes, Genet. It took all the resources of being Catholic to cut myself off and sit in my cell." Sexual Personae has been called an "energetic, Freud-friendly reading of Western art", one that seemed "heretical and perverse", at the height of political correctness; according to Daniel Nester, its characterization of "William Blake as the British Marquis de Sade or Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson as 'self-ruling hermaphrodites who cannot mate' still pricks up many an English major's ears". In the book, <mask> argues that human nature has an inherently dangerous Dionysian or chthonic aspect, especially in regard to sexuality. Culture and civilization are created by men and represent an attempt to contain that force. Women are powerful,

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