title: Rudolf Virchow

texts: without understanding... If medicine is to fulfill her great task, then she must enter the political and social life... The physicians are the natural attorneys of the poor, and the social problems should largely be solved by them. Virchow actively worked for social change to fight poverty and diseases. His methods involved pathological observations and statistical analyses.He called this new field of social medicine a "social science". His most important influences could be noted in Latin America, where his disciples introduced his social medicine. For example, his student Max Westenhöfer became Director of Pathology at the medical school of the University of Chile, becoming the most influential advocate. One of Westenhöfer's students, Salvador Allende, through social and political activities based on <mask>'s doctrine, became the 29th President of Chile (1970–1973). <mask> made himself known as a pronounced pro-democracy progressive in the year of revolutions in Germany (1848). His political views are evident in his Report on the Typhus Outbreak of Upper Silesia, where he states that the outbreak could not be solved by treating individual patients with drugs or with minor changes in food, housing, or clothing laws, but only through radical action to promote the advancement of an entire population, which could be achieved only by "full and unlimited democracy" and "education, freedom and prosperity". These radical statements and his minor part in the revolution caused the government to remove him from his position in 1849, although within a year he was reinstated as prosector "on probation".Prosector was a secondary position in the hospital. This secondary position in Berlin convinced him to


title: Rudolf Virchow

type: original

texts:
 accept the chair of pathological anatomy at the medical school in the provincial town of Würzburg, where he continued his scientific research. Six years later, he had attained fame in scientific and medical circles, and was reinstated at Charité Hospital. In 1859, he became a member of the Municipal Council of Berlin and began his career as a civic reformer. Elected to the Prussian Diet in 1862, he became leader of the Radical or Progressive party; and from 1880 to 1893, he was a member of the Reichstag. He worked to improve healthcare conditions for Berlin citizens, especially by working towards modern water and sewer systems. Virchow is credited as a founder of anthropology and of social medicine, frequently focusing on the fact that disease is never purely biological, but often socially derived or spread.The duel challenge by Bismarck

As a co-founder and member of the liberal party Deutsche Fortschrittspartei, he was a leading political antagonist of Bismarck. He was opposed to Bismarck's excessive military budget, which angered Bismarck sufficiently that he challenged Virchow to a duel in 1865. Virchow declined because he considered dueling an uncivilized way to solve a conflict. Various English-language sources purport a different version of events, the so-called "Sausage Duel". It has <mask>, being the one challenged and therefore entitled to choose the weapons, selecting two pork sausages, one loaded with Trichinella larvae, the other safe; Bismarck declined. However, there are no German-language documents confirming this version. Kulturkampf
Virchow supported Bismarck in an attempt to reduce the political and social influence of the Catholic Church, between 1871 and 1887.He remarked that


title: Rudolf Virchow

texts:
 the movement was acquiring "the character of a great struggle in the interest of humanity". He called it Kulturkampf ("culture struggle") during the discussion of Paul Ludwig Falk's May Laws (Maigesetze). Virchow was respected in Masonic circles, and according to one source may have been a freemason, though no official record of this has been found. Personal life

On 24 August 1850 in Berlin, Virchow married Ferdinande Rosalie Mayer (29 February 183221 February 1913), a liberal's daughter. They had three sons and three daughters:
 Karl Virchow (1 August 185121 September 1912), a chemist
 Hans Virchow (de) (10 September 18527 April 1940), an anatomist
 Adele Virchow (1 October 185518 May 1955), the wife of <mask>, a professor of German studies
 <mask> (24 January 18585 April 1942)
 Marie Virchow (29 June 186623 October 1951), the wife of Carl Rabl, an Austrian anatomist
 Hanna Elisabeth <mask> (10 May 187328 November 1963)

Death

Virchow broke his thigh bone on 4 January 1902, jumping off a running streetcar while exiting the electric tramway. Although he anticipated full recovery, the fractured femur never healed, and restricted his physical activity. His health gradually deteriorated and he died of heart failure after eight months, on 5 September 1902, in Berlin.A state funeral was held on 9 September in the Assembly Room of the Magistracy in the Berlin Town Hall, which was decorated with laurels, palms and flowers. He was buried in the Alter St.-Matthäus-Kirchhof in Schöneberg, Berlin. His tomb was shared by his wife on 21 February 1913. Collections and Foundations
<mask> was also a collector. Several museums in Berlin emerged from Virchow's collections: the Märkisches Museum, the Museum of

masks:
Rudolf Henning
Ernst Virchow
Maria Virchow
Rudolf Virchow


title: Rudolf Virchow

texts:
 University of Würzburg was established in January 2002. <mask> Virchow Award is given by the Society for Medical Anthropology for research achievements in medical anthropology.<mask>w lecture, an annual public lecture, is organised by the Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz, for eminent scientists in the field of palaeolithic archaeology. Rudolf Virchow Medical Society is based in New York, and offers Rudolf Virchow Medal. Campus Virchow Klinikum (CVK) is the name of a campus of Charité hospital in Berlin. The <mask>irchow Monument, a muscular limestone statue, was erected in 1910 at Karlplatz in Berlin. Langenbeck-Virchow-Haus was built in 1915 in Berlin, jointly honouring Virchow and Bernhard von Langenbeck. Originally a medical centre, the building is now used as conference centre of the German Surgical Association (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie) and the Berlin Medical Association (BMG-Berliner Medizinische Gesellschaft). The Rudolf Virchow Study Center is instituted by the European University Viadrina for compiling of the complete works of Virchow.Virchow Hill in Antarctica is named after <mask>irchow. Eponymous medical terms

Works
Virchow was a prolific writer. Some of his works are:
 Mittheilungen über die in Oberschlesien herrschende Typhus-Epidemie (1848)
 Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre., his chief work (1859; English translation, 1860): The fourth edition of this work formed the first volume of Vorlesungen über Pathologie below. Handbuch der Speciellen Pathologie und Therapie, prepared in collaboration with others (1854–76)
 Vorlesungen über Pathologie (1862–72)
 Die krankhaften Geschwülste (1863–67)
 Ueber den

masks:
Rudolf
Rudolf Vircho
Rudolf V
Rudolf V


title: Rudolf Virchow

texts:
 Hungertyphus (1868)
 Ueber einige Merkmale niederer Menschenrassen am Schädel (1875)
 Beiträge zur physischen Anthropologie der Deutschen (1876)
 Die Freiheit der Wissenschaft im Modernen Staat (1877)
 Gesammelte Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der offentlichen Medizin und der Seuchenlehre (1879)
 Gegen den Antisemitismus (1880)

References

Further reading
 Becher (1891). <mask>, Berlin. Pagel, J. L. (1906). <mask>, Leipzig.Ackerknecht, Erwin H. (1953) <mask>: Doctor, Statesman, Anthropologist, Madison. Virchow, RLK (1978). Cellular pathology. 1859 special ed., 204–207 John Churchill London, UK. , available at Project Gutenberg (co-authored by Virchow with Tomás Comyn, Fedor Jagor, and Chas Wilkes)
 Virchow, <mask> (1870). Menschen- und Affenschadeh Vortrag gehalten am 18. Febr.1869 im Saale des Berliner Handwerkervereins. Berlin: Luderitz,

External links

 The Former Philippines thru Foreign Eyes, available at Project Gutenberg (co-authored by Virchow with Tomás Comyn, Fedor Jagor, and Chas Wilkes)
 Short biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
 Students and Publications of Virchow
 A biography of Virchow by the American Association of Neurological Surgeons that deals with his early work in Cerebrovascular Pathology
 An English translation of the complete 1848 Report on the Typhus Epidemic in Upper Silesia is available in the February 2006 edition of the journal Social Medicine
 Some places and memories related to <mask>w
 Article on <mask>w in Nautilus retrieved on 28 January 2017. 1821 births
1902 deaths
People from Świdwin
People from the Province of Pomerania
German Protestants
German Progress Party politicians
German

masks:
Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf
Rudolf Vcho
Rudolf Vircho


title: Leonardo Ulloa

texts:
<mask> (; born 26 July 1986) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a striker. After starting out with CAI, he joined San Lorenzo in 2005, going on to spend the better part of the following years in Spain with Castellón and Almería, competing in La Liga with the latter club and also being Segunda División top scorer in 2012. <mask> moved to England in 2013, where he represented Brighton & Hove Albion and Leicester City. He won the Premier League with the latter, in the 2015–16 season. Club career

Early years and Castellón
Born in General Roca, Río Negro, <mask> started his career in 2002, playing with Primera B Nacional side Comisión de Actividades Infantiles. In 2005 he moved to the Primera División, signing for San Lorenzo where he was part of the squad that won the 2007 Clausura. Shortly after, Ulloa joined Arsenal de Sarandí.In the summer of 2008, after a brief stint with Olimpo, he moved to Spain to play for Segunda División club Castellón, where he was reunited with compatriot and former CAI teammate José Tabares. He scored 16 goals in his debut season, his team's best and sixth in the league. Almería
Ulloa posted similar numbers in 2009–10, but Castellón were relegated after finishing 22nd and last. In late June 2010 he moved to another club in the country, Almería, signing a five-year contract. On 13 September 2010, in only his second official match for the Andalusians, Ulloa scored in the last minute for a 2–2 La Liga home draw against Real Sociedad, after an individual effort. The following month, against the same opponent in the Copa del Rey's round-of-32 first leg, he netted twice in the last 20 minutes to help his team

masks:
José Leonardo Ulloa Fernández
Ulloa
Ulloa


title: Leonardo Ulloa

texts:
 come back from 0–2 to win 3–2, in the Basque Country. On 22 December 2010, again in the domestic cup, <mask> scored three goals and assisted on another, as Almería beat Mallorca 4–3 in the first leg, winning 8–6 on aggregate.On 16 January 2011 he took his league tally to five, netting in a 1–1 home draw against Real Madrid after finishing a move from countryman Pablo Piatti. <mask> was crowned the 2011–12 season's top scorer, but Almería failed to regain their top level status after finishing seventh. Brighton & Hove Albion

On 16 January 2013, <mask> transferred to Championship side Brighton & Hove Albion on a four-and-a-half-year deal, for an undisclosed fee believed to be around £2 million. He scored on his debut ten days later, in a 2–3 home loss against Arsenal in the FA Cup. On 2 March 2013, <mask> became the first ever player to score a hat-trick at Falmer Stadium, during Brighton's 4–1 win over Huddersfield Town. Two weeks later he scored twice against Crystal Palace in a 3–0 victory, also at home, contributing to his team's first home win in the Brighton-Crystal Palace Derby since 1988; manager Gus Poyet described him as "different class"; he continued his scoring run on the 30th, with his ninth goal in 12 matches coming in a 2–2 draw at Nottingham Forest. On 27 April 2013, <mask> scored the goal that confirmed Brighton's place in the Championship play-offs, heading the 88th-minute winner to secure a 2–1 success at Leeds United.The following season, on 3 May 2014 and again through a header, he netted in the last minute to once again send the club to the play-offs, helping to a comeback at Nottingham Forest and 2–1 win. Leicester City

On

masks: Ulloa Ulloa Ulloa Ulloa Ulloa


title: Leonardo Ulloa

texts: 22 July 2014, <mask> joined Leicester City on a four-year contract for a club record £8 million, being handed the number 23 shirt. He started on his Premier League debut at home to Everton on 16 August, and scored after 22 minutes as his team twice came from a goal down to secure a 2–2 draw. He found the net in his third appearance, against Arsenal on 31 August for another home draw (1–1), and scored the only goal of the match to help defeat Stoke City for the club's first win of the campaign. On 21 September 2014, <mask> contributed with a brace in a 5–3 home win over Manchester United. After nine games without a goal, he scored but in a 1–2 loss at Aston Villa. During January 2015, Ulloa scored in FA Cup victories over Newcastle United and Tottenham, helping the Foxes to reach the fifth round.On 18 April, he netted his first league goal of 2015 in a 2–0 win against Swansea City which saw Leicester move off the bottom of the table for the first time since November 2014. Two weeks later, he scored twice in a 3–0 success over Newcastle for his team's fifth win from six matches. Under Claudio Ranieri, Ulloa played mostly second-fiddle to Shinji Okazaki and Jamie Vardy in 2015–16, but still managed to contribute with 29 games and six goals as Leicester won the first top-flight league title of their 132-year history, including one in the last minute of a 1–0 win over Norwich City at the King Power Stadium on 27 February 2016 which caused celebrations that led to a small earthquake registering on the Richter scale. <mask> struggled to break into the first team following the signings of Islam Slimani and Ahmed Musa in 2016–17, prompting an enquiry from

masks: Ulloa Ulloa Ulloa


title: Leonardo Ulloa

texts:
 Swansea City. He did not start his first league match of the season until 2 January 2017, in a goalless draw against Middlesbrough, and late into that month he submitted a transfer request, which led to bids from Alavés and Sunderland; these were rejected, as well as a subsequent loan offer from Galatasaray, leading the player to express in a Twitter post that he felt "betrayed by Ranieri" and vowed not to play for Leicester again. A total of three bids from Sunderland, ranging from £3 million to £7.5 million, were rejected as Leicester were unwilling to sell him to a relegation rival. On 24 August 2017, aged 31, <mask> signed a new contract at Leicester, extending his stay with the club until June 2019.He struggled to break into the first team during the season, only playing a total of 19 minutes in the league in four substitute appearances; thus, on 29 January 2018, he completed a loan move to Brighton & Hove Albion for his second spell. <mask> scored his first goal for Brighton since 2014 on 17 February 2018, in a home 3–1 home defeat of Coventry City for the FA Cup. His first in the league came on 9 May, but in a 1–3 away loss against Manchester City; shortly after, having appeared in 12 competitive matches, he revealed he was hoping to earn a permanent move to the club. Pachuca
On 10 August 2018, <mask> joined Liga MX club Pachuca. His first goal for his new team, a header, opened the scoring in a 2–0 win over Celaya in the Copa MX. Rayo Vallecano
On 30 August 2019, Pachuca announced <mask>'s departure to Rayo Vallecano via Twitter. International career
In late 2014 <mask>, whose grandfather was born in Chile, had an offer from Chile national


title: Leonardo Ulloa

texts:
 team manager Jorge Sampaoli to become naturalized and represent them, but he declined it.Personal life
<mask> was one of up to 20 top footballers named in the Panama Papers, a 2016 leak of offshore accounts. In 2008, while at San Lorenzo, he ceded his economic and image rights to Jump Drive Sports Rights LLC, registered in Washington in the name of two companies registered in Samoa. The director of the company at the time of the leak was on trial for fraud; it was alleged he took money that was due to Ulloa. Career statistics

Honours
San Lorenzo
Argentine Primera División: 2007 Clausura

Arsenal Sarandí
Copa Sudamericana: 2007

Leicester City
Premier League: 2015–16

Individual
Segunda División top scorer: 2011–12

References

External links

Argentine League statistics

1986 births
Living people
People from General Roca
Argentine sportspeople of Chilean descent
Argentine footballers
Association football forwards
Argentine Primera División players
Primera Nacional players
Comisión de Actividades Infantiles footballers
San Lorenzo de Almagro footballers
Arsenal de Sarandí footballers
Olimpo footballers
La Liga players
Segunda División players
CD Castellón footballers
UD Almería players
Rayo Vallecano players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Leicester City F.C. players
Liga MX players
C.F. Pachuca players
Argentine expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Mexico
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in England
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Mexico
People named in the Panama


title: William Hooper

texts:
<mask>  <mask> (June 28, 1742  October 14, 1790) was an American Founding Father, lawyer, politician, and a member of the Continental Congress representing North Carolina from 1774 through 1777. <mask> signed the Continental Association and the United States Declaration of Independence. Early life

<mask> was the first child of five, born in Boston, Massachusetts, on June 28, 1742. His father, <mask>, was a Scottish minister who studied at the University of Edinburgh prior to immigrating to Boston, and his mother, Mary Dennie, was the daughter of John Dennie, a well-respected merchant from Massachusetts. <mask>'s father had hoped that <mask> would follow in his footsteps as an Episcopal priest and at the age of seven placed <mask> in Boston Latin School headed by Mr. John Lovell, a highly distinguished educator in Massachusetts. In 1757, at the age of sixteen, <mask> entered Harvard University where he was considered an industrious student and was highly regarded. In 1760, <mask> graduated from Harvard with honors, obtaining a Bachelor of Arts.However, after graduating, <mask> did not wish to pursue a career in the clergy as his father had hoped. Instead, <mask> decided on a career in law, studying under James Otis, a popular attorney in Boston who was regarded as a radical. <mask> studied under Otis until 1764 and once completing his bar exam decided to leave Massachusetts in part because of the abundance of lawyers in Boston. Life in North Carolina
In 1764 <mask> moved temporarily to Wilmington, North Carolina, where he began to practice law and became the circuit court lawyer for Cape Fear. <mask> began to build a highly respected reputation in North Carolina among the wealthy farmers as well as fellow lawyers. <mask> increased his influence by representing the colonial government in several court cases. In 1767, <mask> married Anne Clark, the daughter of a wealthy early settler to the region and sheriff of New Hanover County.They had three children: <mask> (b. 1768), Elizabeth (b. 1770), and Thomas (b. 1772). <mask> moved

masks:
William
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
William Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
William
Hooper


title: William Hooper

texts:
 quickly up the ranks, first in 1769 when he was appointed as deputy attorney of the Salisbury District, and then in 1770 when he was appointed deputy Attorney General of North Carolina. Initially, <mask> supported the British colonial government of North Carolina. As deputy attorney general, in 1768 <mask> worked with Colonial Governor <mask> to suppress a rebellious group known as the Regulators who participated in the War of the Regulation.The Regulators had been operating in North Carolina for some time, and in 1770 it was reported that the group dragged <mask> through the streets in Hillsborough during a riot. <mask> advised that Governor Tryon use as much force as was necessary to stamp out the rebels and even accompanied the troops at the Battle of Alamance in 1771. He served in the Province of North Carolina House of Burgesses in 1775. American Revolution involvement

<mask>'s support of the colonial governments began to erode, causing problems for him because of his past support of Governor Tryon. <mask> had been labeled a Loyalist and therefore he was not immediately accepted by Patriots. <mask> eventually was elected to the North Carolina General Assembly in 1773, where he became an opponent to colonial attempts to pass laws that would regulate the provincial courts. This in turn helped to sour his reputation among Loyalists.<mask> recognized that independence was likely to occur and mentioned this in a letter to his friend James Iredell, saying that the colonies were "striding fast to independence, and ere long will build an empire upon the ruins of Great Britain." During his time in the assembly <mask> slowly became a supporter of the American Revolution and independence. After the governor disbanded the assembly, <mask> helped to organize a new colonial assembly. <mask> was also appointed to the Committee of Correspondence and Inquiry. In 1774, <mask> was appointed a delegate to the First Continental Congress, where he served on numerous committees. <mask> was again elected to the Second Continental Congress, but

masks:
Hooper
Hooper
William Tryon
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper


title: William Hooper

texts:
 much of his time was split between the congress and work in North Carolina, where he was assisting in forming a new government. This caused him to miss the vote approving the Declaration of Independence; however, he arrived in time to sign it on August 2, 1776.In 1777, because of continued financial concerns, <mask> resigned from Congress and returned to North Carolina to resume his law career. Throughout the Revolution the British attempted to capture <mask>, and with his country home in Finian vulnerable to British attacks, <mask> moved his family to Wilmington. In 1781, the British captured Wilmington, to where Cornwallis and his forces fell back after the Battle of Guilford Court House, and <mask> found himself separated from his family. In addition, the British burned his estates in both Finian and Wilmington, so <mask> was forced to rely on friends for food and shelter during this time, as well as nursing him back to health when he contracted malaria. Finally, after nearly a year of separation, <mask> was reunited with his family, and they settled in Hillsborough, North Carolina, where <mask> continued to work for the North Carolina assembly until 1783. Post-Revolution years
After the Revolution <mask> returned to his career in law, but he lost favor with the public because of his political stance. <mask> fell in line with the Federalist Party because of his influential connections, his mistrust of the lower class, and his widely criticized soft dealings with Loyalists, toward whom he was generally forgiving.This kind and fair treatment made some even label him a Loyalist. <mask> was again called to public service in 1786, when he was appointed a federal judge in a border dispute between New York and Massachusetts, though the case was settled out of court. In 1787 and 1788, <mask> campaigned heavily for North Carolina to ratify the new United States Constitution, but by this time <mask> had become quite ill, and he died on October 14, 1790, at the age of 48. He was laid to rest in the Presbyterian Churchyard in

masks: Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper Hooper


title: William Hooper

texts:
 Hillsborough, North Carolina. His remains were later reinterred at Guilford Courthouse National Military Park. His home at Hillsborough, the <mask> House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1971. It is located in the Hillsborough Historic District.See also
 Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence

References

Further reading
 Broadwater, Jeff and Troy L. Kickler (eds. ), North Carolina's Revolutionary Founders. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2019. Fradin, Denis Brindell. The Signers: The 56 Stories Behind the Declaration of Independence. New York: Walker and Company, 2002. Goodwin, A.C. "Brief Biography and Genealogy of <mask>."Ancestry.com (2 December 1998). Accessed April 13, 2008. Lossing, B.J. Lives of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Aledo, Tex. : WallBuilders Press, 2007. Lowry, Harold D. "<mask>."Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. 2006. Accessed April 13, 2008. Snell, Charles W. Signers of the Declaration of Independence: Biographical Sketches. United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 4 July 2004. Accessed April 13, 2008.Wood, Gordon S. The American Revolution: A History. New York: Modern Library, 2002. External links
 North Carolina History Project
 National Park Service Biographical Sketches
 Biography by Rev. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856
 Society of the Descendants of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence

1742 births
1790 deaths
Politicians from Boston
American Episcopalians
American people of Scottish descent
American slave owners
North Carolina Federalists
People from Hillsborough, North Carolina
Continental Congressmen from North Carolina
18th-century American politicians
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence
Harvard University alumni
Lawyers from Boston
New Latin-language poets
Members of the North Carolina Provincial Congresses
Members of the North Carolina House of Burgesses
Signers of the

masks:
Nash Hooper
William Hooper
William Hooper


title: Jane McAdam Freud

texts:
<mask> MA(RCA) FRBS (born 24 February 1958) is a British conceptual sculptor working in Installation art and digital media. She was the winner of the 2014 European Trebbia Awards for artistic achievement. Biography
<mask> was born in London to <mask> and <mask> and she is the great-granddaughter of <mask>. Her career began with a solo show at the age of 18, curated by her art teachers at Putney College, which is now part of South Thames College. After completing a Foundation course at Wimbledon College of Art, <mask> studied Mosaics in Ravenna from 1977 to 1978 returning to London to study at the Central School of Art and Design and at the Royal College of Art under the supervision of John Stezaker and Eduardo Paolozzi. In 1986 McAdam <mask> won the British Art Medal Scholarship in Rome where she studied sculpture at the Accademia di Belle Arti di Roma under Gino Marotta and at the Scuola d'Arte della Medaglia in Rome. McAdam <mask> is an associate lecturer at Central Saint Martins and teaches short courses in the Sculpture School at Morley College.She has also taught at the Royal College of Art, London and at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Antwerp. <mask> <mask> is a Fellow of the Royal British Society of Sculptors. In 1991 she was awarded the Italian State Mint prize for her work Moments and Memories. Her winning design was put into production by the Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. In the same year she was granted the Freedom of the City of London. She

masks:
Jane McAdam Freud
McAdam Freud
Katherine Margaret McAdam
Lucian Freud
Sigmund Freud
McAdam Freud
Freud
Freud
McAdam
Freud


title: Jane McAdam Freud

texts:
 has published several catalogues including; On the Edge 1996, Relative Relations 2006  and numerous papers on Art and Psychoanalysis. <mask> <mask>'s short film Dead or Alive refers to <mask>'s concept of Condensation.The pairings morph into each other through the merging back and forth of <mask>'s antiquities with her sculpture, from past to present ‘virtually’ closing the gap of time. Great similarities can be found in the forms and motifs of the pairs. At a midway point the two objects merge and form a third image of a ‘virtual’ object. Her preference for this work was to locate it within reach of a psychoanalytically aware audience. Dead or Alive was shown internationally at museums, institutes and galleries including Philoctetes Centre for the Imagination, NY, New York USA in 2008, Lung Yingtai Cultural Foundation, (Media Tek Lectures) Taipei, Taiwan and the Kosciuszko Foundation, NYC, USA in 2009. Also the Sundaram Tagore Gallery, LA, USA in 2010 and Whitelabs Gallery, Milan in 2012. Her works are represented in both national and international public collections including the British Museum, the Victoria and Albert Museum, National Gallery Archives, London, the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford and the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge.International collections include the Brooklyn Museum, The National Arts Club, Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh, the Greek National Gallery, and the Berlin State Museums. Solo exhibitions
21-22 Installation, Freud Birth House, Pribor, CZ
2020

masks: McAdam Freud Freud Freud


title: Charles Bolden

texts:
<mask>. (born August 19, 1946) is a former Administrator of NASA, a retired United States Marine Corps Major General, and a former astronaut who flew on four Space Shuttle missions. A 1968 graduate of the United States Naval Academy, he became a Marine aviator and test pilot. After his service as an astronaut, he became Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy. On May 23, 2009, President Barack Obama announced the nomination of <mask> as Administrator of NASA and Lori Garver as deputy NASA administrator. Both were confirmed by the Senate by unanimous consent on July 15, 2009. <mask> was the first African American to head the agency on a permanent basis. On January 12, 2017, <mask> announced his retirement from NASA during a town hall meeting at NASA Headquarters in Washington D.C. His last day would be January 19, and Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. was announced as acting NASA Administrator.In 2020, <mask> was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for leadership and development of U.S. human spaceflight and space operations programs, and for revitalizing fundamental aeronautics research. Education
<mask> graduated from C. A. Johnson High School in Columbia, South Carolina, in 1964. He earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Science from the United States Naval Academy in 1968, where he was a contemporary of future Marine officers Oliver North, Jim Webb and Michael Hagee and future Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Michael Mullen, and later earned a Master of Science degree in Systems Management from the University of Southern California in 1977. He is a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity. Military career

In high school <mask> was turned down for an appointment to the United States Naval Academy by South Carolina's Congressional delegation, which included then segregationist Senator Strom Thurmond. Bolden received his appointment after personally writing, as a high school senior, to President Johnson. A recruiter came to his house a few weeks later, eventually leading to Bolden receiving an

masks:
Charles Frank Bolden Jr
Bolden
Bolden
Bolden
Bolden
Bolden
Bolden


title: Charles Bolden

texts: appointment from U.S. Representative William L. Dawson from Chicago, Illinois.He later received notes of congratulations from Thurmond at various career milestones. <mask> was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps following graduation from the United States Naval Academy in 1968. He was president of his class. He underwent flight training at Pensacola, Florida, Meridian, Mississippi, and Kingsville, Texas, before being designated a United States Aviator Badge in May 1970. He flew more than 100 sorties into North and South Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia in the A-6A Intruder while assigned to VMA(AW)-533 at Royal Thai Air Base Nam Phong, Thailand, from June 1972 to June 1973. Upon returning to the United States, <mask> began a two-year tour as a Marine Corps officer selection and recruiting officer in Los Angeles, California, followed by three years in various assignments at Marine Corps Air Station El Toro, California. In June 1979, he graduated from the United States Naval Test Pilot School at Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland and was assigned to the Naval Air Test Center's Systems Engineering and Strike Aircraft Test Directorates.While there, he served as an ordnance test pilot and flew numerous test projects in the A-6E, EA-6B, and A-7C/E airplanes. He logged more than 6,000 hours flying time. <mask> was selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in 1980. He was a member of the NASA Astronaut Corps until 1994 when he returned to assignments in the Marine Corps, first as the Deputy Commandant of Midshipmen at the Naval Academy, effective June 27, 1994. In July 1997, he was assigned as the Deputy Commanding General of I Marine Expeditionary Force. From February to June 1998, he served as Commanding General, I MEF (Forward) in support of Operation Desert Thunder in Kuwait. In July 1998, he was promoted to his final rank of major general and assumed his duties as the Deputy Commander, United States Forces Japan.He then served as the Commanding General, 3rd Marine Aircraft Wing, from August 9, 2000, until

masks: Bolden Bolden Bolden


title: Charles Bolden

texts:
 August 2002. He retired from the military in August 2004. NASA career
Selected by NASA in May 1980, <mask> became an astronaut in August 1981. His technical assignments included: Astronaut Office Safety Officer; Technical Assistant to the Director of Flight Crew Operations; Special Assistant to the Director of the Johnson Space Center; Astronaut Office Liaison to the Safety, Reliability and Quality Assurance Directorates of the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC); Chief of the Safety Division at JSC; Lead Astronaut for Vehicle Test and Checkout at the Kennedy Space Center; and Assistant Deputy Administrator, NASA Headquarters. A veteran of four space flights, he has logged over 680 hours in space. Bolden served as pilot on STS-61-C (January 12–18, 1986) and STS-31 (April 24–29, 1990), and was the mission commander on STS-45 (March 24April 2, 1992), and STS-60 (February 3–11, 1994). Bolden was the first person to ride the Launch Complex 39 slidewire baskets which enable rapid escape from a Space Shuttle on the launch pad.The need for a human test was determined following a launch abort on STS-41-D where controllers were afraid to order the crew to use the untested escape system. A few years before his appointment by President Barack Obama to be administrator of NASA, Bolden auditioned, along with professional actors, for the role of virtual host for NASA's "Shuttle Launch Experience" educational attraction at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Merritt Island, Florida. Spaceflights

On STS-61-C, Bolden piloted . During the six-day flight, crew members deployed the SATCOM Ku-band satellite and conducted experiments in astrophysics and materials processing. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center on January 12, 1986, orbited the Earth 96 times, and ended with a successful night landing at Edwards Air Force Base, California on January 18, 1986. Bolden piloted  during STS-31. Launched on April 24, 1990, from Kennedy Space Center, the crew spent the five-day mission deploying the Hubble Space


title: Charles Bolden

texts:
 Telescope and conducting a variety of mid-deck experiments.They also used a variety of cameras, including both the IMAX in cabin and cargo bay cameras, for Earth observations from their record-setting altitude of over 400 miles. Following 75 orbits of Earth in 121 hours, Discovery landed at Edwards Air Force Base on April 29, 1990. On STS-45, <mask> commanded a crew of seven aboard , launched on March 24, 1992, from Kennedy Space Center. STS-45 was the first Spacelab mission dedicated to NASA's "Mission to Planet Earth". During the nine-day mission, the crew operated the twelve experiments that constituted the ATLAS-1 (Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science) cargo. ATLAS-1 obtained detailed measurements of atmospheric chemical and physical properties. In addition, this was the first time an artificial beam of electrons was used to stimulate an auroral discharge.Following 143 orbits of Earth, Atlantis landed at Kennedy Space Center on April 2, 1992. <mask> commanded STS-60's crew of six aboard Discovery. This was the historic first joint-American–Russian Space Shuttle mission involving the participation of a Russian cosmonaut, Sergei Krikalev, as a Mission Specialist. The flight launched on February 3, 1994, from Kennedy Space Center, and carried the Space Habitation Module-2 (SPACEHAB-2), and the Wake Shield Facility. The crew conducted a series of joint American/Russian science activities. The mission achieved 130 orbits of the Earth, ending with a landing on February 11, 1994, at the Kennedy Space Center. Administrator of NASA

In 2009, President Obama appointed <mask> to be administrator of NASA.In a NASA video published April 28, 2010, titled "NASA's New Era of Innovation and Discovery", Bolden said, "We're going to turn science fiction into science fact". On the same day, at a question and answer session with employees at the Johnson Space Center, Bolden compared the Constellation Program to a stillborn baby calf extracted from a camel's womb by U.S. Marines. Bolden said, "We've got some stillborn calves around, and we


title: Charles Bolden

texts:
 have got to figure out ways to help each other bring them back to life". In a June 2010 interview with Al Jazeera, Bolden said that the top three goals he was tasked with by President Obama were to help re-inspire children to want to get into science and math, to expand NASA's international relationships, and, "perhaps foremost", "to reach out to the Muslim world ... to help them feel good about their historic contribution to science... and math and engineering". The White House disagreed with <mask>'s statement, with the press secretary saying Bolden probably misspoke and "That was not his task, and that's not the task of NASA". <mask> said his agency's long-term ambition is landing astronauts on Mars. He has cited spending cuts as a concern for major NASA projects.On August 28, 2012, he was the first human being to have his voice broadcast on the surface of Mars. Although the rover has no speakers, it received the transmission of his voice and then beamed it back to Earth. In 2013, he noted the National Aerospace Week as Administrator of NASA. On October 28, 2015, Bolden presented the next steps for a human journey to Mars at the Center for American Progress in Washington, D.C.

On January 12, 2017, <mask> announced his resignation from NASA during a Town Hall meeting at NASA Headquarters in Washington D.C. His last day would be January 19, and Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. was announced as acting NASA Administrator. Personal life
<mask> lives in Houston, and is married to Alexis (née Walker); the couple have two children. Bolden is a Christian, stating in a question and answer session in May 2010:

"You know, the universe is a big place. I'm a practicing Christian, so in my faith, I learn about omnipotent, omnipresent God, which means he's everywhere.He's all-knowing. He does everything. And I just cannot bring my little pea brain to believe that a God like that would pick one planet of one of millions of suns and say that's the only place in the vast universe that I'm going to put any kind of life. And so the problem is I haven't been far

masks: Bolden Bolden Bolden Bolden


title: Jonathan Leavitt (minister)

texts:
Rev. <mask> (1731–1802) was an early New England Congregational minister, born in Connecticut, and subsequently the pastor of churches in New Hampshire and Massachusetts, both of which dismissed him from his posts. Several of Rev. Leavitt's descendants became among the most noted abolitionists of their day, even though he himself was dismissed from one pastorate for allegedly abusing his runaway slave, and from another for his Loyalist sentiments. Early life and career beginnings

<mask> was born on January 11, 1731, in Suffield, Massachusetts, the son of Lieutenant <mask>  and his wife Mary Thomas (Winchell) Leavitt. <mask> was one of three children of Lieut. <mask> and his second wife.The family was among the earliest settlers of Suffield, and were prosperous, his father Lieut. Leavitt a well-to-do farmer and officeholder. But before Rev. Leavitt was two years old, his father, a brother and a sister all perished of disease within three days of each other. Nevertheless, Rev. Leavitt and two of his brothers attended Yale College. His sister Jemima Leavitt married Capt.David Ellsworth, and became mother of Chief Justice of the United States and Founding Father Oliver Ellsworth. <mask> graduated from Yale College in 1758  and afterwards was ordained minister  of Walpole, New Hampshire, on May 27, 1761. On the occasion of his ordination, Rev. Leavitt's brother Rev. Freegrace <mask>, a fellow Congregationalist minister, preached the installation sermon – at a local home as Walpole's meeting house had yet to be built. The formal rigor of Congregationalism was in full bloom in Walpole, as elsewhere across the New

masks:
Jonathan Leavitt
Jonathan Leavitt
Joshua Leavitt
Jonathan Leavitt
Leavitt
Jonathan Leavitt
Leavitt


title: Jonathan Leavitt (minister)

texts:
 England states. Rev.Leavitt wore a large, full-powdered wig, "and when he entered the meeting-house, the whole congregation rose to do obeisance to the man in black, who, in his turn, always responded with a full bow." Trailing the prime minister was his wife, Sarah (Hooker) <mask>, great-granddaughter of Rev. Thomas Hooker, Puritan divine and founder of the state of Connecticut. Mrs. Leavitt was gotten up in "full suit of brocade lutestring, without any bonnet, holding a fan to shade the sun from her face, as was the fashion 'down country.'" Leavitt's initial pay at Walpole was set at £75 sterling, and, as was the custom of the day, the financial terms of his contract were carefully delineated – with annual raises in pay stipulated in the document, as well as free use of a minister's house lot. But Leavitt's tenure was apparently tenuous from the start. Within three years, he was dismissed by the new congregation.Although the exact reason is unclear, the new Reverend was said to have been spotted being cruel to a slave. "It is handed down that, having dragged home a negro slave, a woman, who had run away, by a rope attached to his saddle", according to a history of Walpole, "[prominent local citizen] Colonel Bellows declared that such cruelty should not be submitted to; that he had settled Parson Leavitt, and now he would unsettle him. Ministers, however, were not got rid of so easily in those days. Being settled for life, they had rights which they well understood; and it is plain that some considerable diplomacy was required to shake Mr. Leavitt off." Departure from Walpole and arrival in Massachusetts

On


title: Jonathan Leavitt (minister)

texts: May 17, 1764, on the eve of a town meeting called to discuss Leavitt's tenure – and his act of cruelty towards his slave  – the minister suddenly accepted a payment from the townsmen for services rendered and agreed to depart. Two years later, in 1767, Rev. Leavitt secured an appointment as the minister of Charlemont, Massachusetts, in the mountainous northwestern corner of the state.The congregation in the Berkshires was looking for a minister to pastor the town's first church, and Leavitt was selected. But the imperious Leavitt once again got into trouble with his congregation. After arriving with his family to an auspicious beginning, Leavitt's Loyalist sentiments began to rub his congregants the wrong way. The matter of wardrobe might have complicated things. "Mr. Leavitt dressed in the costume of his day", noted a fellow minister. "He wore a great white wig and a cocked up hat, and made a dignified appearance. He would do more execution with one nod of his wig, than you or I could in talking half an hour."Another ministerial colleague noted that Rev. <mask>'s sermons "are not fresh and beautiful by the imagination, not ardent and overflowing with love, but didactic, dry, and clean, and very long. His services were delivered in a dull monotony, and his prayers were incredibly long, in public and in family devotions." Aside from matters of dress, comportment and diction, Leavitt possessed another trait which apparently sealed his fate: he was enamored with English colonial rule – a delicate subject anywhere in the American colonies, but especially among the hardscrabble rural settlers attempting to scratch a


title: Jonathan Leavitt (minister)

texts:
 living from the Berkshire hill country. Whether because his congregants were hard-pressed, or because they objected to Leavitt's sympathies with mother England, they held back his pay. One rumor, never proved, was that the Reverend personally confiscated the only cows belonging to two of his poorer parishioners to pay his back salary. Departure from another church, later life and legacy

By 1777 matters came to a head.Leavitt refused to accept his salary in rapidly depreciating colonial currency. So the town voted to simply shut the church. A constable was dispatched to bar the offending reverend. But Leavitt would not be deterred. He moved his services to the town schoolhouse, where he continued to preach his long sermons for almost another decade. On April 15, 1785, he was finally turned out by the town, and his schoolhouse sermons came to an end. He then sued his parishioners for his back wages, as well as his loss on the depreciated colonial currency.Ultimately the litigious reverend was awarded some £700, and retired to his home in nearby Heath, Massachusetts. Rev. <mask>tt spent the rest of his life at his home in Heath, and retired from the ministry. His wife, the former Sarah Hooker, died at Heath on October 11, 1791, when a daughter gave her the wrong medicine. Her husband Rev. Leavitt died on September 9, 1802, aged 71. In the year before his death, in 1801, Rev.<mask> published a book entitled The New Covenant and the Church's Duty. The couple had 12 children – 11 sons and an only daughter. The daughter was Clarissa, who died unmarried; his sons were <mask>, Hart, Joshua, David, Roger, Erastus,

masks:
Jonathan Leavi
Jonathan Leavitt
Jonathan


title: Jonathan Leavitt (minister)

texts:
 Roswell, Thomas, Samuel, Horatio, and Hooker. <mask>, the eldest son of Rev. <mask>, became a prominent Greenfield, Massachusetts, attorney, judge, state senator and businessman. Two grandchildren became ministers – one of them was the noted abolitionist publisher and editor Rev. <mask>, whose brothers Roger Hooker Leavitt and Hart Leavitt operated Underground Railroad stations to shelter escaped slaves on their journeys north to Canada.A great-grandson of Rev. <mask>tt, John Hooker Leavitt, became an Iowa banker, and later published a book in 1904, two years before his death, about his controversial ancestor. Written by the banker's brother William Hooker <mask>, a Minneapolis businessman, the slim volume was titled A Sketch of the Life and Character of Rev. <mask>tt, the first Minister of Charlemont, Mass. In it the two sibling descendants attempted to portray their ancestor as a misunderstood and complicated man. See also

Joshua Leavitt
Roger Hooker Leavitt
Hart Leavitt
John Hooker Leavitt
<mask>tt
Oliver Ellsworth

References

Further reading
 A Sketch of the Life and Character of Rev. <mask>tt, the first Minister of Charlemont, Mass., by William H<mask>, published by John H<mask>, Waterloo, Iowa, 1904

External links
 Gravestone of Lieut.<mask>, father of Rev. <mask>, died October 22, 1732, Old Burying Ground, Suffield, Connecticut, smugmug.com
 Photographs (<mask>tt), Colonial Clergyman. Ambrotype photograph of an illustration of Rev. <mask>tt family
People from Walpole, New Hampshire
People from Charlemont, Massachusetts
Yale College alumni
18th-century Congregationalist ministers
People from

masks:
Jonathan Leavitt
Jonathan
Joshua Leavitt
Jonathan Leavi
Leavitt
Jonathan Leavi
Jonathan Leavi
Jonathan Leavi
. Leavitt
. Leavitt
Joshua Leavitt
Jonathan Leavitt
Jonathan Leavi
Jonathan Leavivi


title: Mazie Hirono

texts: <mask> (; Japanese name: , ; born November 3, 1947) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the junior United States senator from Hawaii since 2013. She is a member of the Democratic Party. Hirono served as a member of the Hawaii House of Representatives from 1981 to 1995 and as Hawaii's ninth lieutenant governor from 1994 to 2002, under Ben Cayetano. The Democratic nominee for governor of Hawaii in 2002, <mask> was defeated by Republican Linda Lingle. From 2007 to 2013, she served as a member of the United States House of Representatives for Hawaii's 2nd congressional district. <mask> is the first elected female senator from Hawaii, the first Asian-American woman elected to the Senate, the first U.S. senator born in Japan, and the nation's first Buddhist senator. She considers herself a non-practicing Buddhist and is often cited with Hank Johnson as the first Buddhist to serve in the United States Congress.She is also the third woman to be elected to Congress from Hawaii (after Patsy Mink and Pat Saiki). In 2012, <mask> was the Democratic nominee for the U.S. Senate seat being vacated by the retirement of Daniel Akaka. <mask> won the election, defeating Lingle in a landslide, 63% to 37%. She was sworn in on January 3, 2013, by Vice President Joe Biden. <mask> was the only person of Asian ancestry serving in the U.S. Senate from 2013 until 2017, when senators Tammy Duckworth and Kamala Harris were sworn in, representing Illinois and California, respectively. Although Brian Schatz joined the Senate a week before Hirono, following the death of Daniel Inouye, making him Hawaii's senior senator, Hirono's three terms in the U.S. House of

masks:
Mazie Keiko Hirono
Hirono
Hirono
Hirono
Hirono
Hirono


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 Representatives make her the dean, or longest-serving member overall, of Hawaii's congressional delegation. Early life and education
<mask> <mask> was born on November 3, 1947, in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan to Laura Chie Satō, a Japanese American, and <mask> Matabe, a Japanese veteran of World War II.<mask>'s maternal grandfather, Hiroshi Satō, immigrated to Hawaii to work on a sugar plantation at the age of 16; her grandmother, Tari Shinoki, immigrated to Hawaii as a picture bride. After finding plantation work difficult, the couple opened a bathhouse on River Street in Honolulu in 1928. The couple had a daughter, Laura Chie, in 1924, and a son, Akira. In 1939, Tari returned to Japan with the teenaged Laura and Akira; Hiroshi remained in Hawaii to run the bathhouse for two more years before joining his family in 1941. Laura felt out of place in Japan as one of the many Nisei Japanese Americans who emigrated with their returning Issei parents (barred from US citizenship or land ownership) before World War II and during the Great Depression. But although her brother returned to Hawaii after the war, she remained in Japan and married a veterinarian, <mask> Matabe, in 1946. Laura moved with her husband to southern Fukushima, and had three children, Roy, <mask>, and Wayne.<mask>, the middle child, was the only surviving daughter. <mask>'s father, Matabe, was a compulsive gambler and alcoholic who pawned even his wife's possessions for gambling money. Treated "like a slave" by her in-laws, <mask>'s mother finally left the abusive marriage in 1951. Laura later recounted her point of decision: "My brother sent money to buy a school uniform for my son. My

masks: Mazie Hirono Hirono Mazie Hirono Mazie Mazie Mazie Mazie


title: Mazie Hirono

texts: husband took the money, went to town and never came back home. It was getting closer to the start of school, so I went to look for him. I found out he had ordered an overcoat for himself with the money.He didn't need an overcoat in the spring. That's when I made up my mind to leave." After telling her in-laws she was going to take her children to school in her hometown, Laura left the house, never to return. Selling her clothes to pay the rail fare, she and the children moved back to her parents' home. Laura said, "My husband never came around once; my parents were supportive and took all of us in. My mother gave us money. I guess it all boils down to love."The Satō-<mask> family decided to return to Hawaii, but under the U.S. quota system Tari and Hiroshi, as Japanese nationals without American citizenship or professional status, could not go with Laura, an American citizen. Thus the family was separated, with three-year-old Wayne staying behind with his grandparents and Laura returning to Honolulu on her own with <mask> and Roy in March 1955. After two years of hard work, she brought her parents and youngest son to Hawaii in 1957. "She determined that she had to get away [from her husband]...she wanted to put thousands of miles between them", <mask> said of her mother. "That took a lot of courage. I always tell my mom there is nothing I can do—hard as it is to be in politics...harder than what she did." After first living with <mask>'s uncle Akira, the family moved into a rooming house on Kewalo Street in Honolulu with one room, one table, three chairs and one bed.Laura recalled, "<mask> and Roy slept on the bed. I slept on the floor with a futon. The

masks: Hirono Mazie Hirono Mazie Mazie


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 landlady was so nice. The rent was $35, but she charged us less because I didn't have a job." Laura began working for the Hawaii Hochi as a typesetter and also three nights a week for a catering company. <mask> worked in the school cafeteria and had a paper route. Though money was tight and the family was forced to move often, Laura kept them together.<mask> recalled that she and her brother used to get a dime once or twice a week from their mother. "We both had baseball piggy banks. My older brother spent all his dimes but I saved mine. But one day I came home and the dimes were gone. My mother had to use it to buy food." Hirono never saw her father again, and he has since died. Laura became a newspaper proofreader in 1961 and retired from the Hawaii Newspaper Agency in 1986; Roy became a Hawaiian Electric supervisor.Wayne drowned in 1978, aged 26. <mask>'s grandfather Hiroshi died in 1989, and her grandmother Tari died in 2000 at age 99. Raised in Honolulu, Hirono became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1959, the year Hawaii became a state. She attended Kaahumanu Elementary and Koko Head Elementary Schools. She graduated from Kaimuki High School, which at the time of her attendance had a predominantly Japanese American student body. Hirono then enrolled at the University of Hawaii at Mānoa, graduating Phi Beta Kappa with a B.A. in psychology in 1970.She left Hawaii to attend Georgetown University Law Center, where she obtained her J.D. degree in 1978. <mask> then returned to Honolulu, where she practiced law. Hawaii House of Representatives (1981–1994)

Elections
In 1980 <mask> was elected to Hawaii's 12th House district in a multi-member district with

masks: Mazie Mazie Mazie Hirono Hirono


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 Democratic State Representative David Hagino. Hawaii eliminated multi-member districts, and after redistricting she ran for Hawaii's 20th House district and won. After redistricting again in 1984, she ran for the newly redrawn Hawaii's 32nd House district and won. In 1992, after redistricting, she ran in the newly redrawn Hawaii's 22nd House district.She won the three-candidate Democratic primary with 91% of the vote. She won the general election and served only one term in the 22nd district before retiring in 1994 to run for statewide office. Tenure
From 1980 to 1994 Hirono served in the Hawaii House of Representatives, passing more than 120 laws. She was honored by a coalition of leaseholders as Legislator of the Year in 1984. Committee assignments
From 1987 to 1992 she was Chair of the Consumer Protection and Commerce Committee. Lieutenant governor (1994–2002)

Elections

1994
<mask> ran for lieutenant governor of Hawaii and won the Democratic primary, defeating fellow State Representative Jackie Young 65%–26%. In the general election she defeated three other candidates: Danny Kaniela Kaleikini (Best Party), State Representative Fred Hemmings (Republican Party), and Jack Morse (Green Party), 37%–31%–29%–4%.1998
<mask> ran for reelection in 1998. She was challenged in the primary by Nancy L. Cook and defeated her, 89%–11%. In the general election <mask> defeated Republican State Senator Stan Koki 50%–49%, a difference of 5,254 votes. Tenure
In 1994 Hirono joined the ticket of incumbent Lieutenant Governor Benjamin J. Cayetano and was elected to a historic administration led by the first Filipino American governor and first Japanese immigrant

masks: Hirono Hirono Hirono


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 lieutenant governor. During her tenure as lieutenant governor, she was president of the National Commission on Teaching, America's Future, and the Hawaii Policy Group. She also spearheaded the first-in-the-nation comprehensive Pre-Plus program, a precursor to universal preschool education in the United States. 2002 gubernatorial election

<mask> originally wanted to run for mayor of Honolulu in a potential 2002 special election created by the vacancy of incumbent Mayor Jeremy Harris, who was planning to resign in order to run for governor of Hawaii.But due to internal controversies, Harris dropped out of the gubernatorial election and remained mayor for another two years. <mask> switched races. <mask> maneuvered to gain the support of potential Harris voters in her challenge against former State House Majority Leader Ed Case. Throughout the primary campaign, <mask> and Case polled almost equally. <mask> defeated Case in the September 21 Democratic primary, 41%–40%, a difference of 2,613 votes. A few weeks later, Republican nominee and Mayor of Maui Linda Lingle defeated Hirono 52–47%, becoming Hawaii's first female governor. U.S. House of Representatives (2007–2013)

Elections

2006

On September 23, <mask> ran for  being vacated by incumbent Ed Case.The Democratic primary was very competitive. There were ten candidates, seven of whom served in the Hawaii Legislature. <mask>'s advantage was that she was the only candidate who had held statewide office and as a result had the most name recognition. She also raised the most money, mostly because of the endorsement of EMILY's List, and lent her own campaign $100,000. She won with a plurality of 22% of the

masks: Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 vote. State Senator Colleen Hanabusa finished second with 21%, 845 votes short of <mask>. In the general election <mask> defeated Republican State Senator Bob Hogue, 61%–39%.2008

<mask> won reelection to a second term with 76% of the vote. 2010

<mask> won reelection to a third term with 72% of the vote. Tenure

In 2008 <mask> was named the national preschool advocacy organization Pre-K Now's "Pre-K Champion" for her efforts on behalf of pre-kindergarten legislation. Hirono co-sponsored and signed the Prevention First Act of 2007. The act aimed to increase public access to contraception and government funding to support the use of contraception. It places an emphasis on informing and protecting women from unintended pregnancy. On May 4, 2011, Hirono voted against the No Taxpayer Funding for Abortion Act, which would have prohibited federal health care programs from covering abortion costs, with exceptions for life-threatening cases.In July 2011 <mask> voted for the Access to Birth Control Act, which mandates that pharmacies provide birth control to customers without undue delay. The ABP Act also ensures that customers seeking birth control can obtain it without being submitted to unwanted harassment or breaches in patient confidentiality. EMILY's List, a Democratic pro-choice action committee, pledged support to <mask> for her history of supporting contraceptive and abortion policies during her term. Its endorsement helped Hirono in her 2012 senatorial race, contributing $129,714 to her campaign. Committee assignments
 Committee on Armed Services
 Subcommittee on Personnel
 Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support
 Subcommittee on Seapower


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 (Chair)
 Committee on the Judiciary
 Subcommittee on Immigration, Refugees and Border Security
 Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
 Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law
 Committee on Veterans' Affairs
 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources

Caucus memberships
 Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
 Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus
 International Conservation Caucus

U.S. Senate (2013–present)

Elections

2012

On May 19, 2011, <mask> announced her candidacy for the U.S. Senate seat left open by Daniel Akaka, who was retiring at the end of his term in 2012. She won the Democratic primary election on August 11, 2012. <mask> was endorsed as one of Democracy for America's Dean Dozen.The Republican nominee was former Hawaii Governor Linda Lingle. <mask> won the general election on November 6, 2012, with 63% of the vote. She is the first female senator from Hawaii, as well as the first Asian-born immigrant to be elected to the U.S. Senate. She was a part of the first completely non-Christian Congressional delegation from the state, which continued until the election of Mark Takai (an Episcopalian) in 2014 as Representative of Hawaii's 1st congressional district. In the 2012 campaign <mask> raised $5.2 million, with approximately 52% of that from large corporations. Lingle raised $5.5 million, with 74% from large corporations. Hirono spent $5 million and Lingle $4.8 million.2018

On November 6, 2018, <mask> was reelected with 71.2% of the vote, defeating Republican Ron Curtis. Tenure
On December 12, 2012, the Senate Democratic Steering Committee announced that <mask> would serve on the Senate

masks: Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 Judiciary Committee, giving her influence on matters ranging from approving nominations of federal judges to setting criminal-justice policy. During the Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination hearings in September 2018, <mask> became an outspoken defender of Christine Blasey Ford after Ford accused Kavanaugh of sexual assault, telling men to "shut up and step up. Do the right thing for a change." In the wake of the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol, Hirono called for the resignation of fellow senators Ted Cruz and Josh Hawley for their opposition to certifying the 2020 presidential election Electoral College count. She also called for the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to be invoked to remove Donald Trump from office. In April 2021, <mask> sponsored and the Senate passed a bill attempting to decrease hate crimes against Asian Americans due to xenophobia associated with COVID-19.The vote was 94–1, with Senator Hawley (R-MO) the only one who voted against the bill. Committee assignments (117th Congress)

 Committee on Armed Services
 Subcommittee on Readiness and Management Support
 Subcommittee on Seapower (Chair)
 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
 Subcommittee on National Parks
 Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining
 Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
 Committee on the Judiciary
 Subcommittee on Border Security and Immigration
 Subcommittee on Oversight, Agency Action, Federal Rights and Federal Courts
 Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law
 Committee on Veterans' Affairs
Joint Select Committee on Budget and Appropriations Process Reform

Caucus memberships
 Congressional

masks: Hirono Hirono


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus
Expand Social Security Caucus

Political positions

According to On the Issues, Hirono's voting history places her in the "left/liberal" camp. The American Conservative Union gave her a 2% lifetime conservative rating in 2020. Abortion
Hirono has a 100% rating from Naral Pro-Choice America. She is also endorsed by EMILY's list for pro-choice women. Gun control
In 2016, she participated in the Chris Murphy gun control filibuster. Hirono expressed disappointment when the Democrat-proposed Feinstein Amendment (banning the sale of firearms to individuals on the terrorist watchlist) and the Republican-backed background check expansion and alert system (regarding guns being sold to terrorist watchlist suspects) both failed to pass the Senate.Health care
On July 28, 2017, two months after undergoing surgery for stage-four kidney cancer, <mask> spoke on the Senate floor and voted against the so-called "skinny repeal" of the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare). MSNBC reporter Kyle Griffin filmed <mask>'s speech and posted it on Twitter. In January 2019, during the 2018–19 United States federal government shutdown, <mask> was one of 34 senators to sign a letter to Commissioner of Food and Drugs Scott Gottlieb recognizing the efforts of the FDA to address the effect of the government shutdown on the public health and employees while expressing alarm "that the continued shutdown will result in increasingly harmful effects on the agency's employees and the safety and security of the nation's food and medical products." Gottlieb said additional staff might be called in as needed. <mask> is a supporter of Medicare for All. Housing
In April 2019,

masks: Hirono Hirono Hirono Hirono


title: Mazie Hirono

texts:
 <mask> was one of 41 senators to sign a bipartisan letter to the housing subcommittee praising the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development's Section 4 Capacity Building program as authorizing "HUD to partner with national nonprofit community development organizations to provide education, training, and financial support to local community development corporations (CDCs) across the country" and expressing disappointment that Trump's budget "has slated this program for elimination after decades of successful economic and community development." The senators wrote of their hope that the subcommittee would support continued funding for Section 4 in Fiscal Year 2020.Telecommunications
In April 2019, <mask> was one of seven senators to sponsor the Digital Equity Act of 2019, legislation establishing a $120 million grant program that would fund the creation and implementation of "comprehensive digital equity plans" in every state and a $120 million grant program to support projects developed by individuals and groups. The bill also gave the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) the role of evaluating and providing guidance for digital equity projects. Personal life

In May 2017, Hirono announced that she had been diagnosed with stage 4 kidney cancer, which had spread to her seventh rib. The cancer was discovered in a chest X-ray in April before minor eye surgery. <mask>'s right kidney was removed on May 17, 2017, with a Cyberknife procedure to treat the rib lesion. She returned to the Senate on May 22, 2017, and was reelected to a second term in 2018. As of 2018, according to OpenSecrets.org, <mask>'s net worth


title: Mazie Hirono

texts: was more than $4.3 million.In 2021, Viking Press published <mask>'s autobiography, Heart of Fire: An Immigrant Daughter's Story. Marie Claire listed the book among its "25 Great Memoirs to Pre-Order Now". Also in 2021, it was announced that <mask> would receive Japan's Order of the Rising Sun, Gold and Silver Star for her "significant contributions in strengthening bilateral relations and promoting legislative exchanges between Japan and the United


title: Andrew Knox (bishop)

texts:
<mask> (1559 – 27 March 1633) was a Scottish churchman who was Bishop of the Isles in Scotland from 1605-1619 and Bishop of Raphoe in Ireland from 1610-1633. Early life

He was the second son of <mask> of Ranfurly in Renfrewshire. He was educated at the University of Glasgow, where he graduated M.A. in 1579. In 1581 he was ordained minister of Lochwinnoch in Renfrewshire, and in 1581 was translated to the abbey church of Paisley. On 6 March 1590 he was appointed on a commission of select clergymen to promote subscription to the confession of faith and covenant over the whole kingdom. In December 1592 he was instrumental in arresting George Kerr on the Isle of Cumray as he was on the point of sailing for Spain, and was thereby the means of bringing to light and frustrating the conspiracy of the Earls of Huntly, Errol, and Angus.In 1597 he was appointed a commissioner with others to seek out and apprehend Catholics and others in touch with the King of Spain. He accidentally caused the death by drowning of Hew Barclay of Ladyland, who had intended to capture and fortify Ailsa Craig; he was exonerated and commended by parliament. Bishop of the Isles

<mask> was involved in disputes with his fellow-citizens, and during the course of one of them struck an adversary, George Stewart, burgess of Paisley, in public court. He was ordered to do public penance in his church. In 1606 <mask> was created Bishop of the Isles, and having obtained leave from the presbytery he immediately proceeded to his diocese. On 31 July he was commissioned along with others to meet with David, Lord Scone and hear the offers made by the inhabitants of the Isles and the

masks:
Andrew Knox
John Knox
Knox
Knox


title: Andrew Knox (bishop)

texts: Highlands on the royal rents. In January 1607 he was appointed constant moderator of the presbytery of the Isles, and on 4 June he took the oath of allegiance.His absence from his charge at Paisley meant that on 12 November 1607 he was relieved of his charge. In accordance with King James's intention to reform the Western Isles and Highlands, Bishop <mask> was on 8 March 1608 joined in commission with <mask>, 3rd Lord Ochiltree, to take the matter in hand. In May he visited the King at Greenwich, and brought back instructions for a military expedition against the Isles, of which Lord Ochiltree was to be commander, assisted by a council, of which <mask> was to be the head with a salary and bodyguard of his own. The expedition sailed early in August, and the castles of Dunivaig and Lochgorme in Islay having been surrendered by Angus Macdonald, Ochiltree opened a court at the castle of Aros in Mull on 15 August. The chieftains were reluct to come to terms; Ochiltree, acting on the advice of <mask>, had them visit him on board his vessel on pretence of a dinner and a sermon from the bishop. Having succeeded in kidnapping them, Ochiltree sailed to Glasgow. On his return <mask> accompanied Ochiltree to London, and was commended by the King for his zeal.<mask> was in February 1609 appointed one of a commission to negotiate with the chieftains for the purpose of devising a scheme for the religious settlement of the Western Islands. In May he was the bearer of a confidential message from his colleagues to the king. He returned in June with instructions for a fresh expedition, of which he himself was to be the head, and he conducted the business with

masks:
Knox
Andrew Stuart
Knox
Knox
Knox
Knox


title: Andrew Knox (bishop)

texts:
 great credit to himself. Before the end of July he met the principal chieftains at Iona, and with their consent enacted the "Statutes of Icolmkill". He returned to Edinburgh in September, but immediately proceeded to London. He seems to have been detained at court till the following July, when he returned to Edinburgh, and made formal re-delivery of the Band and Statutes of Icolmkill before the council. On 15 February 1610 he was appointed a member of the court of ecclesiastical high commission for the province of Glasgow, and on 8 May steward of the whole Western Isles, with instructions to make the castle of Dunivaig his headquarters.Bishop of Raphoe

He was nominated to the Church of Ireland bishopric of Raphoe in County Donegal on 7 May 1610 and appointed by letters patent on 26 June 1611; he continued to hold both bishoprics till 22 September 1619, when he resigned that of the Isles in favour of his eldest son, <mask>. Having established a garrison in the castle of Dunivaig, he went to Ireland, and in April 1611 transmitted to Lord Salisbury a report of the state of religion in his diocese. In consequence of his report the King instructed Sir Arthur Chichester to require the Archbishop of Armagh to convene a meeting of the bishops of his province in order to consider the reformation of ecclesiastical abuses in the north of Ireland. In October Chichester reported favourably on Bishop <mask> to the King. On 13 February 1612 the King authorised Dr. <mask>'s admission to the Scottish Privy Council; he was granted arrears and expenses, and the Isle of Barra for life. In 1614 the castle of Dunivaig was surprised by the Macdonalds, and <mask>,

masks:
Thomas Knox
Knox
Knox
Knox


title: Andrew Knox (bishop)

texts:
 attempting to retake it with insufficient force, was defeated and compelled to treat. He consented to solicit a lease of the Crown lands of Isla for Angus Oig Macdonald, together with the proprietary rights in the castle of Dunivaig, and a free pardon for all crimes up to date, and to leave his son Thomas and his nephew <mask> of Ranfurly as hostages for his good faith.The council, however, refused these terms, and prepared to reduce the Macdonalds by force. Bishop <mask> then advised deceit in dealing with the Macdonalds, with a view to the plantation of their lands by men from the north of Ireland and the west of Scotland. His approach was taken up in part by the Earl of Argyll on behalf of his kinsman, John Campbell of Calder, who had undertaken their reduction on condition of succeeding to their inheritance. A John Graham managed that Thomas and <mask> were freed, and on 6 January 1616 Campbell of Calder, with the assistance of Sir Oliver Lambart, captured Dunivaig. <mask> resigned the bishopric of the Isles in 1618, but continued as Protestant Lord Bishop of Raphoe till his death on 27 March 1633. Two bells he had taken from the abbey of Icolmkill to Raphoe were by royal edict sent back by his successor, Bishop John Lesley. Family
He married a cousin <mask>, and by her he had three sons, Thomas, James, and George, and two daughters, Margaret, who married John Cunningham of Cambuskeith, son of James Cunningham, 7th Earl of Glencairn, and another, who married John Hamilton of Woodhall.The three sons took orders in the church. References

1559 births
1633 deaths
Bishops of the Isles
Anglican bishops of Raphoe
Members of the Parliament of

masks:
John Knox
Knox
John Knox
Knox
Elizabeth Knox


title: Donald J. Albosta

texts:
<mask> (December 5, 1925 – December 18, 2014) was an American farmer, businessman, and politician from the U.S. state of Michigan. He served three terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1979 to 1985. Most notably, he was chairman of the U.S. House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service's Subcommittee on Human Resources when it investigated the leaking of <mask>'s briefing papers prior to the key debate of the 1980 U.S. presidential election. This scandal later became known as Debategate. His chief of staff was Charles Ehrlich who he hired after Ehrlich had worked for an Indiana congressman for 2 years. Education and early career
<mask> was born in Saginaw, Michigan and attended Saginaw and Chesaning public schools. He graduated from Chesaning Agricultural School, and attended Delta College in Bay City.He served in the United States Navy, was a farmer, owner, and developer of Misteguay Creek Farms. He served as Albee Township Trustee and was associate director of the Saginaw County Soil Conservation District. Political career

A Democrat, he was Saginaw County Commissioner from 1970 to 1974 and served in the Michigan State House of Representatives from 1974 to 1976, representing the 86th District. In 1976, he first ran for the United States House of Representatives in  Michigan's 10th congressional district losing to longtime incumbent Al Cederberg. His chief of staff was Charles Ehrlich who he hired after Ehrlich worked for an Indiana congressman for 2 years. Ehrlich worked for Albosta for 6 years serving as his chief of staff for the last 2. Tenure in the House of Representatives

<mask> sought a rematch against Cederberg in 1978.In a major upset, he narrowly defeated Cederberg to become the first Democrat to represent this district in 84 years. He

masks:
Donald Joseph Albosta
Jimmy Carter
Albosta
Albosta


title: Donald J. Albosta

texts:
 was reelected twice, serving from January 3, 1979 to January 3, 1985. As a member of the Public Works and Transportation Committee, among others, Rep. <mask> offered amendments that improved the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, popularly known as "Superfund" including a provision requiring the Center for Disease Control to study the health histories of victims of exposure to hazardous substances in an effort to determine the effects of that exposure or the epidemiology of diseases related to exposures such as those that had inspired <mask> to run for Congress after he led the successful investigation and redress efforts in the wake of the spill of PBBs in cattle feed in Michigan. Debategate

<mask> was also chair of the House Post Office and Civil Service Committee's Subcommittee on Human Resources which conducted an investigation into the Unauthorized Transfers of Nonpublic Information During the 1980 Presidential Election which published its findings in May 1984 in Committee Print 98-12. The investigation revealed that the Reagan Campaign included three committees or groups devoted to monitoring and addressing the situation of the hostages held by Iran during the period preceding the 1980 Presidential election, which collectively referred to the potential release of the hostages before the November election as the "October Surprise". Some observers and later investigations by others concluded after the release of the hostages shortly after President Reagan's inauguration that the presidential campaign of Ronald Reagan orchestrated delaying the release of U.S. hostages held by Iran until after the election. The Albosta Subcommittee Report also confirmed that the Reagan campaign received, copied and used "a pilfered copy" of President

masks: Albosta Albosta Albosta


title: Donald J. Albosta

texts:
 Carter's debate briefing book, and related materials from the National Security Council, the term "pilfered" being used by Michigan Republican Congressman David Stockman in a statement on October 28, 1980 describing how he had used the book to prepare candidate Reagan for the debate with President Carter, to a group of about 65 people, according to newspaper reports of Rep. Stockman's speech printed in the Elkhart Truth and Dowagiac Daily News on Wednesday, October 29.The controversy became known as Debategate. During the investigation, William Casey, then-director of the CIA who had been Reagan's campaign director, said that the person who delivered the leaked briefing books to him was Paul Corbin, a former aide to Robert F. Kennedy and a disgruntled Ted Kennedy supporter. The subcommittee's final report in 1984 reported on scores of interviews with Reagan's former campaign staff and others. It did not conclusively identify the specific individuals within the Carter White House who may have provided the briefing books, but did interview several who may have done so, reported that some witness statements were not entirely candid and seconded the finding of United States District Court Judge Harold Green that the Reagan Administration was required by the Ethics in Government Act to appoint an independent counsel or special prosecutor to conduct an investigation and determine whether to seek an indictment against any of the high-level presidential appointees who had knowingly received and used the stolen White House briefing book in violation of the law. Attorney General Ed Meese declined to appoint an independent counsel. End of political career

In the late summer of 1984 Rep. <mask> cosponsored a bill introduced by Rep. <mask> to provide compensation for victims of

masks:
Albosta
John LaFce


title: Donald J. Albosta

texts:
 hazardous substances. This did not play well with the Dow Chemical Company, headquartered in Albosta's district in Midland, Michigan.Executives and board members of Dow Chemical urged their employees and retirees to oppose Rep. <mask> and he was very narrowly defeated in November by future state Attorney General Bill Schuette. <mask> sought a rematch against Schuette in 1986; he won the Democratic primary, but lost the general election in another close race and retired from politics. Retirement and death
He was a resident of St. Charles, Michigan. His daughter, Christine C. White, was appointed in March 2003 as the Director of Agriculture Policy for the Michigan Department of Agriculture. <mask> died on December 18, 2014 in St. Charles, Michigan, where he lived. See also
 Debategate

Notes

References

|-

1925 births
2014 deaths
Farmers from Michigan
County commissioners in Michigan
Members of the Michigan House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan
Delta College (Michigan) alumni
Politicians from Bay City, Michigan
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Michigan
Politicians from Saginaw, Michigan
Michigan Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
20th-century American politicians
People from St. Charles,


title: Jo Kwon

texts:
<mask> ( born on August 28, 1989)  is a South Korean singer, television host, actor, entertainer and the leader of South Korean boy band 2AM. He has starred in multiple musicals such as 'Jesus Christ Superstar' playing the role of King Herod and 'Everybody's Talking About Jamie' playing as Jamie New. Predebut
<mask> trained at JYP Entertainment for seven years after joining the company. He was chosen as the last member of Park Jin-young's "99% Challenge Project" along with Sunye of Wonder Girls. 2AM career

In 2008, he appeared on Mnet's Hot Blood. The program showed the intense physical training that thirteen male trainees go through to acquire the opportunity to debut in either a four-member ballad group or a seven-member dance group. After several elimination steps, <mask> was chosen for a position in the four-member ballad group 2AM.He became the group's leader. 2AM's first single "This Song" was released on July 21, 2008. In March 2015, <mask> renewed his contract with JYP Entertainment, while three other members of 2AM signed with other agencies. JYP Entertainment assured that the departures did not mean 2AM was disbanding, however 2AM is currently on temporarily break from any group activities. He left JYP Entertainment on September 22, 2017. On November 3, 2017, he signed with Cube Entertainment. Solo career

2008-2009: Variety entertainment and popularity as Adam Couple
<mask> has appeared as a regular panel member on variety shows such as Star King.He was part of Dirty Eyed Girls in an episode of 2PM's variety show Wild Bunny, performing a parody of popular Brown Eyed Girls song Abracadabra. The music video became popular. In September, 2009, he was one of the main MCs for SBS' environmental variety show Find it! Green Gold with Super Junior member Shindong, SS501 member Kim Hyung-jun, and Fly To The Sky member <mask>o. He also replaced Jay Park on historical culture variety show

masks:
Jo Kwon
Jo
Jo
Jo
Jo
Brian Jo


title: Jo Kwon

texts:
 Nodaji. He joined the cast of We Got Married on October 3, 2009, coupled with Brown Eyed Girls member Ga-In. Although he was initially only supposed to be featured in the Chuseok special, his appearance brought in the highest ratings yet for Season 2, so he was announced as a permanent couple.<mask> was diagnosed with H1N1 on October 28, 2009, causing them to postpone filming We Got Married. He recovered quickly after treatment. During his appearance in We Got Married, <mask> and Ga-in were donned the nickname “Adam Couple” by fans. Together he released the digital single, "우리 사랑하게 됐어요 (We Fell in Love)," on December 16, 2009, which topped variety online music charts and won two awards on Music Bank's K-Charts and the "Most Popular Background Phone Music" on the Gaon Charts. 50 million won from the profits of the song were donated for rebuilding after the 2010 Haiti earthquake. In 2010, he became a permanent cast member of Family Outing 2. He made his fifth appearance on the TV show "Happy Together" in June 2012.He made several appearances on Star King, Invincible Youth S2, Come To Play, Radio Star, Star Dance Battle, and many other shows. He is known for his "kkab" dance and often danced on variety shows. "Kkab" can be translated as hyperactive. 2010–2012: Screen debut and first solo album
On June 30, 2010, <mask> released his first solo digital single titled, 고백하던 날 (The Day I Confessed), a song he partially composed during the We Got Married broadcast for Ga-in. The song came first on Cyworld real-time charts the day after release. The same year, he was cast in the sitcom All My Love with co-stars Park Mi-sun, Kim Kap-soo and fellow idol and former 'wife' from We Got Married Ga-in. On June 25, 2012, he released his solo album, I'm Da One, along with a music video.2013: Musical and drama debut
In 2013, <mask> joined the cast of a Korean Jesus Christ Superstar musical production, where he

masks: Jo Jo Jo Jo


title: Jo Kwon

texts:
 played the role of King Herod. In the same year, on February 27, 2013, he was confirmed as one of the cast for the KBS2 drama Queen of the Office. The drama is about a talented contract worker, and the work and relationships that surround her. 2016–2017: Second solo album, fourth musical casting, Golden Tambourine, and departure from JYP Entertainment
<mask>'s new album Crosswalk included three tracks, two of which he wrote ― the lead single, “Crosswalk,” and the third track, “Flutter.” The second track, “It's Okay,” was written by Ryan S. Jhun and Denzil "DR" Remedios, the music producers of SM Entertainment's Shinee and f(x). Popular songwriters Esna and Aev produced the title song. On March 17, 2016, it was announced by JYP Entertainment that <mask> would be participating in the musical On The Starry Night as the role "Choi Sung-keun. The musical Ran from May 7 to May 15, 2016.On November 10, 2016, it was announced that <mask>won would be co-starring on Golden Tambourine, a karaoke variety program broadcast by Mnet, which ran from December 15, 2016, until February 23, 2017. On September 21, 2017, it was announced that <mask> had officially left JYP Entertainment after 16 years. However, 2AM never did announce that they were disbanding and it is presumed that the group is on hiatus. On November 2, 2017, it was announced that <mask> had signed with Cube Entertainment. 2018–present: Lonely
On January 10, 2018,  <mask> released the digital single 새벽 (Lonely), his first release after joining Cube Entertainment. <mask> was set to enlist in the Korean Army in August 2018, for his mandatory military service. On July 24, 2019, it was confirmed that he would release a special single new theme song for the ROK Army with collaboration of Shinee's Onew and Key, Exo's Xiumin, Infinite's Kim Sung-kyu, BtoB's Lee Chang-sub, 2AM's Jinwoon, Yoon Ji-sung and actors Kim Minseok, and Lee Jae-kyoon in

masks:
Jo
Jo
Jo K
Jo
Jo
Jo
Jo


title: Jo Kwon

texts:
 mid-August.As part of South Korea's effort to combat COVID-19,  <mask> officially discharged from the military early on March 24, 2020. He also made his first variety show appearance after being discharged on JTBC's Knowing Bros alongside 2PM's Wooyoung, Block B's P.O & WINNER's Mino on April 4, 2020. In July 2020, <mask> starred in the musical Everybody's Talking About Jamie, playing the role of Jamie New, a 16-year-old high school student, who dreams to be a drag queen, and deals with prejudice and bullies. Personal life
As of 2013, <mask> was attending Kyung Hee University. He entered Kyung Hee University without taking the entrance examination, with rumors alleging favouritism, because he was an entertainer. The rumors were refuted by his performance at the top of his class in his major. In 2015, he enrolled in the Performing Arts Department of Kyunghee University's Graduate Program.<mask> is the president of the cereal cafe franchise 'Midnight in Seoul', which was founded and owned by actor-singer Yoon Kye-sang and three friends. The cafe-cereal-bar was the first of its kind in Seoul and gained popularity amongst K-pop idol singers through word-of-mouth. In May 2017, it was announced that the venture would become a franchise and that <mask> would be named its president, while Yoon and others would remain official owners. Discography

Studio albums

Singles

Soundtrack appearances

Filmography

Music videos

Film

Television series

Television shows

Hosting

Musicals

Ambassadorship

Awards and nominations

Notes

References

External links

1989 births
Living people
2AM (band) members
Cube Entertainment artists
JYP Entertainment artists
K-pop singers
Kyung Hee University alumni
People from Suwon
South Korean male idols
South Korean male musical theatre actors
South Korean male television actors
South Korean pop singers
South Korean television presenters
21st-century South Korean male

masks:
Jo
Jo Kwon
Jo
Jo
Jo


title: Jacob Tonson

texts:
<mask>, sometimes referred to as <mask> (1655–1736), was an eighteenth-century English bookseller and publisher. Tonson published editions of John Dryden and John Milton, and is best known for having obtained a copyright on the plays of William Shakespeare by buying up the rights of the heirs of the publisher of the Fourth Folio after the Statute of Anne went into effect. He was also the founder of the famous Kit-Cat Club. His nephew, <mask> the Younger (1682–1735), was his business partner. The business was continued by the younger <mask>'s son, <mask> (1714–1767). History
Scholars have not always been sure of <mask>'s birthdate, and it has in the past been listed as occurring in 1655 or 1656. But the register of christenings in the parish of St Andrew Holborn demonstrates that <mask> was born on 12 November 1655 and baptized 18 November 1655.The register lists <mask> as the "sonne of <mask> Shoemaker and of Elizabeth his wife neare Grayes Inn Lane." He is believed to have been related to Major <mask>, who obtained a grant of land in county Cork from Charles II, and whose descendants became Barons Riversdale. His father's will left him and his elder brother Richard, as well as three sisters, each £100, to be paid when they came of age. On 5 June 1670 <mask> was apprenticed to Thomas Basset, a stationer, for eight years. Having been admitted a freeman of the Company of Stationers on 20 December 1677, he began business on his own account, following his brother Richard, who had commenced in 1676, and had published, among other things, Thomas Otway's Don Carlos, Prince of Spain. <mask> had a shop within Gray's Inn Gate; <mask>'s shop was for many years at the Judge's Head in Chancery Lane, near Fleet Street. It has been said that when <mask> bought the copy of Troilus and Cressida (1679), the first play of

masks:
Jacob Tonson
Jacob Tonson the Elder
Jacob Tonson
Tonson
Jacob Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Jacob Tonson
Richard Tonson
Jacob
Richard Tonson
Jacob Tonson
Tonson


title: Jacob Tonson

texts: John Dryden's that he published, he was obliged to borrow the purchase money (£20) from Abel Swalle, another bookseller.The names of both booksellers appear on the title-page, as was often the case at that time. <mask> was sufficiently well off to purchase plays by Otway and Nahum Tate. In 1681 the brothers Richard and <mask> joined in publishing Dryden's Spanish Friar, and in 1683 <mask> obtained a valuable property by purchasing from Barbazon Ailmer, the assignee of Samuel Simmons, one half of his right in Paradise Lost. The other half was purchased at an advance in 1690. <mask> afterwards said he had made more by Paradise Lost than by any other poem. In the earlier part of his life <mask> was much associated with Dryden. A step which did much to establish his position was the publication in 1684 of a volume of Miscellany Poems, under Dryden's editorship.Other volumes followed in 1685, 1693, 1694, 1703, and 1708, and the collection, which was several times reprinted, is known as both as Dryden's Miscellany and <mask>'s Miscellany. During the ensuing year <mask> continued to bring out pieces by Dryden, and on 6 October 1691 paid thirty guineas for all the author's rights in the printing of the tragedy of Cleomenes. Joseph Addison's Poem to his Majesty was published by Tonson in 1695, and there was some correspondence respecting a proposed joint translation of Herodotus by Boyle, Richard Blackmore, Addison, and others. Dryden's translation of Virgil, executed between 1693 and 1696, was published by Tonson in July 1697 by subscription. Serious financial differences arose between the poet and his publisher, and Dryden's letters to Tonson (1695–1697) are full of complaints of meanness and sharp practice and of refusals to accept clipped or bad money. Tonson would pay nothing for notes; Dryden retorted, "The

masks: Tonson Jacob Jacob Tonson Tonson Tonson Tonson


title: Jacob Tonson

texts:
 notes and prefaces shall be short, because you shall get the more by saving paper." He added that all the trade were sharpers, Tonson not more than others.Dryden described <mask> thus, in lines written under his portrait, and afterwards printed in Faction Displayed (1705):

Subsequently the letters became more friendly, and on the publication of Alexander's Feast, in late 1697, Dryden wrote to <mask>, "I hope it has done you service, and will do more." Dryden's collection of translations from Boccaccio, Chaucer, and others, known as The Fables, was published by <mask> in November 1699; a second edition did not appear until 1713. There is an undated letter from Mrs. Aphra Behn to <mask> at Bayfordbury, thanking him warmly for what he had said on her behalf to Dryden. She begged hard for five pounds more than Tonson offered for some of her verses. In connection with Jeremy Collier's attack on the stage, the Middlesex justices presented the playhouses in May 1698, and also William Congreve for writing the Double Dealer, Thomas d'Urfey for Don Quixote, and Tonson and Brisco, booksellers, for printing them. Tonson published Congreve's reply to Collier, and at a later date The Faithful Friend and The Confederacy by his friend, Sir John Vanbrugh. Before the end of the century <mask> had moved from the Judge's Head to a shop in Gray's Inn Gate, probably the one previously occupied by his brother Richard.It is not unlikely that Richard was dead, and that <mask>, who had no children, and seemingly never married, now took into partnership his
nephew <mask>, whose son was afterwards to be his heir. It is not always easy to distinguish the uncle from the nephew in later years; the latter is sometimes referred to as <mask> Junior. By 1700 <mask>'s position was well established, and about that time the Kit-Cat Club

masks: Tonson Tonson Tonson Tonson Tonson Jacob Jacob Tonson Tonson


title: Jacob Tonson

texts:
 was founded, with <mask> as secretary. The meetings were first held at a mutton-pie shop in Shire Lane, kept by Christopher Cat, and may have begun with suppers given by <mask> to his literary friends. About 1703 <mask> purchased a house at Barn Elms, and built a room there for the club. In a poem on the club, attributed to Sir Richard Blackmore, we find:

<mask> was satirised in several skits, and it was falsely alleged that he had been expelled by the club, or had withdrawn from the society in scorn of being their jest any longer. In 1703 <mask> went to the Dutch Republic to obtain paper and engravings for the fine edition of Caesar's Commentaries, which was ultimately published under Samuel Clarke's care in 1712.At Amsterdam and Rotterdam he met Addison, and assisted in some abortive negotiations for Addison's employment as travelling companion to Lord Hertford, son of the Duke of Somerset. In 1705 <mask> published Addison's Remarks on several Parts of Italy. Verses by young Alexander Pope were circulating among the critics in 1705, and in April 1706 <mask> wrote to Pope proposing to publish a pastoral poem of his. Pope's pastorals ultimately appeared in <mask>'s sixth Miscellany (May 1709). William Wycherley wrote that <mask> had long been gentleman-usher to the Muses: "you will make <mask>'s ladder raise you to immortality." Nicholas Rowe's edition of Shakespeare, in six volumes, was published early in 1709 by Tonson, who had previously advertised for materials. Richard Steele dined at Tonson's in 1708–1709, sometimes to get a bill discounted, sometimes to hear manuscripts read and advise upon them.There is a tradition that in earlier days Steele had had a daughter by a daughter of <mask>'s; if this is true, it must apparently have been a daughter of <mask>, <mask>'s brother. In the autumn of 1710

masks:
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Tonson
Jacob
Tonson
Richard Tonson
Jacob