title: Shi Xiong

texts:
 Prefecture (朔州, in modern Shuozhou, Shanxi), continuing to be under Liu Mian, who was then the military governor of Hedong Circuit (河東, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi).Meanwhile, Liu informed <mask> that the reason why Emperor Wuzong did not want to launch a major campaign to wipe out the Huigu remnants was that his aunt Princess Taihe, who had previously married Huigu's Chongde Khan under the heqin system of marriage alliance, was being held by Wujie Khan. He thus planned, with <mask>, to launch a surprise attack to rescue Princess Taihe. In spring 843, when Wujie Khan was attacking Zhenwu, Liu had <mask> and Wang Feng () command the soldiers under the Shatuo chieftain Zhuye Chixin, as well as Qibi () and Tuoba (拓拔, i.e., Dangxiang) tribesmen, to serve as forward troops, while his own army followed. When <mask> arrived at Zhenwu, he ascended the city walls and surveyed the Huigu camps, when he saw that there were a group of wagons where the people appeared to be wearing Chinese uniforms of red and green colors and appeared to be Chinese. He sent a spy to those wagons, and the spy found out that the group of wagons were under Princess Taihe and her attendants. <mask> informed the princess that he was about to launch an attack, and that the princess should remain calm during the attack and remain where she was. At night, he launched a surprise attack on Wujie Khan's tent, surprising him and causing him to flee.<mask>, after killing some 10,000 Huigu people and receiving the surrender of some 20,000 people, escorted Princess Taihe back to Tang territory. <mask> was subsequently made the defender of Tiande. Campaign against Zhaoyi
Later in 843, Emperor Wuzong launched a campaign

masks: Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi


title: Shi Xiong

type: original

texts: against the warlord Liu Zhen, who had taken over Zhaoyi Circuit without imperial sanction after the death of the previous military governor, his adoptive father (and biological uncle) Liu Congjian. Emperor Wuzong mobilized the circuits around Zhaoyi, and initially, Li Yanzuo () the military governor of Wuning was set to command the forces of Hezhong Circuit (河中, headquartered in modern Yuncheng, Shanxi). However, Li Yanzuo angered Li Deyu and Emperor Wuzong by proceeding slowly to the front, by suggesting that Zhaoyi not be attacked, and by requesting additional troops. Emperor Wuzong issued an edict rebuking Li Yanzuo and making <mask> his deputy, planning to have <mask> replace Li Yanzuo once <mask> arrived. Once <mask> arrived at the front, he was made the military governor of the Hezhong army.His orders were that he should advance toward Zhaoyi's capital Lu Prefecture () through Jishi (冀氏, in modern Linfen, Shanxi) but try to cut off a possible surprise attack by stationing troops at Yicheng (翼城, in modern Linfen as well). It was said that the day after <mask>'s taking over for Li Yuanzuo, he took his troops over Wuling (烏嶺, in modern Linfen as well) and defeating Zhaoyi soldiers at five camps. At that time, the other imperial generals attacking the two western prefectures of Zhaoyi — Wang Zhixing's son Wang Zai and Liu Mian — were both said to be hesitating in their attacks, and <mask>'s report of victory thus raised the spirit of Emperor Wuzong, who awarded <mask> with silk. <mask> distributed the silk to the soldiers and only kept a nominal amount for himself, and so it was said that the soldiers appreciated him and fought hard for him. It was also said that Li Deyu urged him to

masks:
Shi Xiong
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi


title: Shi Xiong

texts:
 fight on by pointing out that if Liu Zhen surrendered to Wang Zai — which Wang had suggested was something that Liu was considering — then <mask> would be without major accomplishments. In spring 844, <mask> was made the military governor of Hezhong, as well as the mayor of its capital Hezhong Municipality. In fall 844, after the three Zhaoyi prefectures east of the Taihang Mountains surrendered to Wang Yuankui and He Hongjing — semi-independent warlords who at the time were obeying imperial orders — Liu's officer Guo Yi () killed Liu and his family, and surrendered.Guo expected to be made military governor, either of Zhaoyi or of another circuit, as Emperor Wuzong's prior edicts had promised of someone who would kill Liu. However, Emperor Wuzong and Li Deyu found Guo and his coconspirators untrustworthy, and therefore planned to arrest them. They had <mask> take 7,000 men to Lu Prefecture (as there was a prophecy during Liu Congjian's governance that <mask> would arrive with 7,000 men). When <mask> arrived, he used the ruse that he would distribute commissions for Guo and the other officers at a meeting that night, to lure them to the meeting. Once they arrived at the meeting, <mask> arrested them and delivered them to the capital Chang'an, where they were executed. <mask> also exhumed Liu Congjian's body to have it publicly displayed and then cut into pieces. Subsequently, <mask> was transferred to be the military governor of Heyang Circuit (河陽, headquartered in modern Jiaozuo, Henan).He was also given the honorary title of acting Sikong (司空, one of the Three Excellencies.) After campaign against Zhaoyi
In 845, when Zhaoyi soldiers mutinied against the new military governor, Lu Jun (),

masks: Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi


title: Shi Xiong

texts:
 Emperor Wuzong ordered <mask>, Wang Zai (then the military governor of Hedong), and Wei Gongfu () the military governor of Hezhong to launch their troops to cut off potential escape routes of the mutineers, but after Lu was subsequently able to persuade the mutineers to surrender, <mask>, Wang, and Wei stood down. After Emperor Wuzong's death in 846 and succession by his uncle Emperor Xuānzong, <mask> was made the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi). It was said, though, because of what had occurred between Wang Zhixing and <mask>, as well as <mask>'s accomplishments during the Zhaoyi campaign, that Wang Zai despised him and found occasions to defame him. After Li Deyu lost power early in Emperor Xuānzong's reign, <mask> thus lost his command. In 848, <mask> visited the imperial government and recited his accomplishments at Heishan (i.e., the battle that saved Princess Taihe) and Wuling. He requested a command for himself to live out his old age.However, the chancellor Bai Minzhong, believing that <mask> was part of Li Deyu's faction, refused, stating that he had already been sufficiently repaid for his accomplishments with three commands. Instead, <mask> was only made a general of the imperial guards with no real authority. <mask> was said to die in anger afterwards. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 161. New Book of Tang, vol. 171.Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 243, 244, 246, 247, 248. 848 deaths
Tang dynasty generals from Jiangsu
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Hezhong Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Heyang Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Fengxiang Circuit
Tang dynasty politicians from Jiangsu
Mayors of Yuncheng
Politicians from Xuzhou
Year

masks:
Shi Xiong
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi
Shi


title: Jesse Marsch

texts:
<mask> (born November 8, 1973) is an American professional soccer coach and former player, who is the manager of  club Leeds United. Marsch played 14 seasons as a midfielder in Major League Soccer (MLS) with D.C. United, Chicago Fire, and Chivas USA, winning three league titles and four U.S. Open Cup titles, as well as earning two caps for the United States national team. In 2010, <mask> retired from his playing career and became a coach, first serving as an assistant with the U.S. national team under Bob Bradley that reached the last 16 of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. He then became the inaugural head coach of the Montreal Impact upon its entry to MLS in 2012. In 2015, after a year-long stint as the assistant coach for his alma mater, the Princeton Tigers, <mask> was hired as head coach of the New York Red Bulls and stayed in the role through the end of the 2018 MLS season. In his first year coaching the team, the Red Bulls won the Supporters' Shield and Marsch was named MLS Coach of the Year. Marsch holds the record for most wins by a coach in franchise history.In 2018, <mask> was appointed as an assistant coach at German Bundesliga club RB Leipzig under Ralf Rangnick; the team placed third in the league, was runner-up in the German Cup, and competed in the UEFA Europa League. The following season, <mask> was appointed the successor to Marco Rose as coach of Red Bull Salzburg in the Austrian Bundesliga; he led the club to a league and cup double in two consecutive seasons, as Salzburg made successive Champions League group stage appearances for the first time in club history. On April 29, 2021, RB Leipzig confirmed that <mask> would succeed Julian Nagelsmann as club coach for the 2021–22 season. His first Bundesliga game as coach of RB Leipzig was a 1–0 defeat to Mainz 05. On December 5, 2021, RB Leipzig announced <mask> has left the club by mutual consent following a third consecutive Bundesliga defeat. On February 28, 2022, <mask> was hired to replace Marcelo Bielsa as the manager of Leeds United. Playing career

College
<mask> played college soccer for Princeton University, where he was an All-American in 1995 after scoring 16

masks:
Jesse Marsch
Marsch
Marsch
Marsch
Marsch
Jesse Marsch
Marsch
Marsch
Marsch


title: Jesse Marsch

texts:
 goals as a midfielder and forward.Professional
Marsch was drafted by D.C. United (their assistant coach was his coach at Princeton, Bob Bradley) in the third round of the 1996 MLS College Draft. <mask> spent the next two seasons with D.C. United, but played in only 15 games. D.C. assistant coach Bob Bradley, named to lead the expansion Chicago Fire, acquired <mask> soon after the Expansion Draft in exchange for A. J. Wood and a second-round pick in the 1998 College Draft. <mask> immediately became a regular in Chicago and remained a mainstay in their lineup through 2005. He helped the Fire to the 1998 MLS Cup, giving him three league championships in three seasons. While with Chicago, he also won the U.S. Open Cup in 1998, 2000 and 2003.After the 2005 season, <mask> was traded to Chivas USA, where Bradley was then coaching. At the time, he left the Fire as the club's all-time leader in regular season games played with 200 (he now sits sixth behind C. J. Brown, Logan Pause, Gonzalo Segares, Zach Thornton and Chris Armas). <mask> is one of three players to have played in each of the first 14 seasons of Major League Soccer. On February 5, 2010, he announced his retirement after four seasons with Chivas to enter coaching. International
<mask> received two caps with the United States national team. His first came as a substitute in a scoreless World Cup qualifier tie with Trinidad and Tobago in 2001; the other came in a 2007 friendly against China.Coaching career

Early career
Following his retirement, <mask> was hired as an assistant to his former college and club coach Bob Bradley with the United States men's national team. <mask> remained with the U.S. program until Bradley's firing in July 2011. In August 2011, <mask> was unveiled as the first head coach of Major League Soccer expansion franchise Montreal Impact, starting play in 2012. The club finished in 12th place with 42 points. After that one season, <mask> left the club in November 2012. Though team management had been emphatic about their satisfaction with <mask>'s work, the differences in coaching philosophies between <mask> and the management of the club led to an "amicable" split. New

masks: Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch


title: Jesse Marsch

texts:
 York Red Bulls
In January 2015, <mask> was named head coach of New York Red Bulls, replacing Mike Petke.In his first season at the helm, <mask> led New York to the MLS Supporters' Shield and a club record 18 league victories and 60 points and was named the MLS Coach of the Year. After a successful start to his career, the Red Bulls extended his contract in June 2016, offering <mask> a multi-year deal. In January 2017, <mask> was linked to taking over for Óscar García as the manager of Austrian club FC Red Bull Salzburg. However, both New York Red Bulls and Red Bull Salzburg denied the reports. In July 2018, <mask> left the Red Bulls as the coach with the most wins in the club's history, with a record of 75–32–44. Chris Armas followed as new head coach. Assistant at RB Leipzig
Marsch became assistant to RB Leipzig head coach Ralf Rangnick for the 2018–19 season, signing a two-year contract in July 2018.During <mask>'s tenure as an assistant for Leipzig, he was tasked with organizing the team's training sessions and preparing them for opponents. <mask> helped lead them to the group stage of the UEFA Europa League, where the team finished third in their group and bowed out of the competition. He further helped Rangnick lead the team to third place in the team's Bundesliga campaign, and to the final of the DFB-Pokal before falling to Bayern Munich in the final. <mask> ultimately left the team after one season to replace Marco Rose as coach of Leipzig's sister club Red Bull Salzburg. Red Bull Salzburg

<mask> was officially presented as head coach of Red Bull Salzburg on June 6, 2019. In his first season in charge, <mask> led Salzburg to winning the double. The team won the Austrian Bundesliga by winning 68.75% of their games; 12 points ahead of second place Rapid Wien.The team also won the Austrian Cup 5–0 against Austria Lustenau. During the 2020–21 season, <mask> led Salzburg to their third successive cup win, <mask>'s second as coach, in a 3–0 win against LASK. Salzburg also won the Bundesliga, making it two doubles in a row. RB Leipzig
Marsch was announced as the new head coach of RB Leipzig starting from the 2021–22 season, replacing Julian


title: Jesse Marsch

texts:
 Nagelsmann. <mask> won his first competitive match as Leipzig head coach 4–0 against SV Sandhausen in the DFB-Pokal. Leipzig then lost their season's opening Bundesliga match 1–0 to Mainz 05. <mask> won his first Bundesliga match against VfB Stuttgart on matchday two.Under <mask>, Leipzig lost their opening 2021–22 UEFA Champions League fixture 6–3 to Manchester City. On December 5, 2021, <mask> and Leipzig announced that they had mutually agreed to part ways. He finished with a record of seven wins, four draws, and six losses. Leeds United

On February 28, 2022, <mask> was appointed as manager of Premier League side Leeds United following the departure of Marcelo Bielsa, signing a three-year deal. Personal life
<mask> was born and raised in Racine, Wisconsin, where he attended Jerome I. Case High School. He and his wife Kim have three children – one daughter and two sons.Managerial statistics

Honors

Player
D.C. United
MLS Cup: 1996, 1997
Supporters' Shield: 1997
U.S. Open Cup: 1996

Chicago Fire
MLS Cup: 1998
Supporters' Shield: 2003
U.S. Open Cup: 1998, 2000, 2003

Coach
New York Red Bulls
Supporters' Shield: 2015, 2018

Red Bull Salzburg
Austrian Bundesliga: 2019–20, 2020–21
Austrian Cup: 2019–20, 2020–21

Individual
MLS Coach of the Year: 2015

References

External links

1973 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Racine, Wisconsin
Soccer players from Wisconsin
American soccer players
Association football midfielders
Princeton Tigers men's soccer players
All-American men's college soccer players
D.C. United draft picks
D.C. United players
Chicago Fire FC players
Chivas USA players
Major League Soccer players
Major League Soccer All-Stars
United States men's international soccer players
American soccer coaches
CF Montréal coaches
New York Red Bulls coaches
FC Red Bull Salzburg managers
RB Leipzig managers
Austrian Football Bundesliga managers
Bundesliga managers
American expatriate soccer coaches
American expatriate sportspeople in Canada
American expatriate sportspeople in Austria
American expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate soccer managers in Canada
Expatriate football managers in Austria
Expatriate football managers in

masks: Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch Marsch


title: Daria Vassilyanska

texts:
<mask> (in Bulgarian Дария Козмова Василянска) (1928-2017) was a Bulgarian artist. Biography
<mask> was born on 28 November 1928 in Varna, Bulgaria. She graduated from Prof.Iliya Petrov's painting class at the National Academy of Arts in Sofia in 1955. Beginning in 1959 she took part in all national, group and regional exhibitions of the Union of the Bulgarian Artists. Vassilyanska lived and worked in Varna. Her husband was the Bulgarian theatre director Stancho Stanchev. She died on 4 December 2017 in Varna.She was a free-lance artist in the sphere of easel painting, scenography, monumental-decorative murals and applied art. Her works are owned by The National Art Gallery, Sofia City Art Gallery, Varna City Art Gallery, 22 state art galleries in Bulgaria, institutions and private collections in the country and abroad. 2013 Seventh National Exhibition "Art Collages" – Plovdiv
2014 "Then and Now" – representative exhibition of 30 renowned Bulgarian painters at "Shipka 6" Gallery, Sofia
2016 Visual Chronicles/Nine Portraits
2016 "Visual Chronicles/Nine Portraits of Painters" – Sofia City Art Gallery

Scenography
She is the author of the scenography of 10 theatre performances in the theatres of Varna and Shumen:
1955–1956 "Funny Stories after Cervantes’ interludes,

masks:
Daria Kozmova Vassilyanska
Daria Vassilyanska


title: Robert Cushman

texts:
<mask> (1577–1625) was an important leader and organiser of the Mayflower voyage in 1620, serving as Chief Agent in London for the Leiden Separatist contingent from 1617 to 1620 and later for Plymouth Colony until his death in 1625 in England. His historically famous booklet titled 'Cry of a Stone' was written about 1619 and finally published in 1642, many years after his death in 1625. The work is an important pre-sailing Pilgrim account of the Leiden group's religious lives. Cushman was most likely one of the first Mayflower passengers when the ship sailed from London to Southampton to meet the Speedwell coming from Leiden. The Speedwell was later forced to be abandoned. Early life in England
<mask> was born in 1577 in Rolvenden, co. Kent and is believed to be the second son of Thomas Couchman (Cushman) and Ellen Hubbarde. The first known record of <mask> appears in December 1597 in the parish of St. George the Martyr, Canterbury, co. Kent.City accounts provide information about eighteen-year-old Cushman's apprenticeship to grocer George Masters, being a second son who did not inherit land and moved to the city to become an apprentice. George Masters had the monopoly of tallow candle making which had been granted to him by the City of Canterbury, with city butchers being obliged to sell animal fat to him for candle production. The parish of St. George being especially malodorous laying between the cattle market on one side and the butcher's slaughterhouse on the other. Apprentice <mask> lived in George Master's house in St. George the Martyr parish making tallow candles at least until 1599 and likely as late as 1602 or 1603. In 1601 Cushman's mother Ellen, wife of Thomas Tilden, her second husband, was buried in the village of Ashford which is about fourteen miles south-east of Canterbury. Thomas Tilden, may possibly have been a Puritan,

masks:
Robert Cushman
Cushman
Robert Cushman
Robert Cushman


title: Robert Cushman

texts: whose descendants later emigrated to Scituate in Plymouth Colony. Many of <mask>man's religious beliefs may have come from other Canterbury puritans and his attendance at illegal religious meetings known as 'conventicles.'The best view into his religious principles and possibly some other Mayflower Pilgrims can be found in his booklet titled 'The Cry of a Stone.' He wrote that the Church of England "is wanting and defective", a "superstitious custome" and he would not wish to worship "humane devices." He wrote that he decided to seek instead the "nearest fellowship that the Saints can have in this world, [that] most resembleth heaven." Cushman also wrote that "God's people are still few, and scarce one of a hundred.." perhaps thinking of himself as one of the select few. Cushman's first problem with authorities came in 1603 while he was still apprenticed to George Masters. This involved the illegal distribution of libels (derogatory religious writings) in Canterbury by Cushman "of the parish of St. Andrew of Canterbury." The libels were handwritten notices stating "Lorde have mercy uppon us" which were posted on church doors throughout Canterbury.The authorities ordered that the "lewd seditious persons" posting the libels be found, interrogated and committed to prison if they refused examination. <mask>man was arrested by the authorities and not providing satisfactory answers upon questioning, for "certain reasons" was committed to Westgate prison for one night. Friends of Cushman's from his prior parish of St. George were also involved in posting libels. In 1604 Cushman was prosecuted by the Court of High Commission for distribution of libels and by the archdeaconry court for non-attendance at his parish church of St. Andrew's. His first excommunication came on 16 January 1604 for not acknowledging his offence of complaining that he could

masks:
Robert Cush
Robert Cush


title: Robert Cushman

texts: not be edified at his parish church. Per his request, he was absolved on 15 October 1604. His second excommunication was on 12 November 1604 likely for the offence of spreading libels.Per his request, on 7 July 1605 absolution was granted and the sentence lifted. In 1605 Cushman completed his apprenticeship and became a freeman "grosser" for payment of four shillings and one pence. His surname was variously recorded as "Couchman" and "Cowchman," which were two of several surnames applied to him in records of the time. Various close connections of Cushman were found in Canterbury parish records as well as those for apprenticeship and marriage. These persons likely thought of themselves as "Godly" and often were called 'Puritan." Due to the fact that their conventicles were illegal and secret it is very difficult to research these associations other than to state that these kinship and marriages relationships seem to be true to form for Canterbury non-conformist society. In the pre-Leiden Pilgrim families of Nottingham and Lincolnshire, similar marriage and kinship relationships were found.In 1606 <mask> was involved in an additional religious disturbance when the rector of St. George's, Thomas Wilson, accused a St. George's the Martyr parishioner, Gilbert Gore, of "false erroneous and devilish opinions" contrary to the Church of England and "repugnant to the word of God." Gore was spreading opinions about predestination that apparently was contrary to Church of England doctrine. Thomas Reader, likely Cushman's brother-in-law, testified that "<mask> of Canterbury was also of Gore's opinion." And another St. George's parishioner stated that Cushman had been "corrupted " by Gore. There were many other depositions, mostly St. George parishioners, indicating the parish had a number of dissenters and a few Separatists. Several of these deponents

masks: Cushman Cushman


title: Robert Cushman

texts:
 were associated with Cushman in earlier religious controversies. A number of Canterbury Pilgrims are known to have moved to Sandwich in Kent where they resided prior to sailing for Leiden, Holland, with the James Chilton family, as an example, moving from Canterbury about 1600.In February 1607/1608 is found the last Canterbury record for the <mask> family at the baptism of <mask>'s son Thomas at St. Andrews. The next record of the Cushman family appears in Leiden in 1611 when Cushman bought a house in Nonensteeg which was next to the university. Cushman family in Leiden
<mask> and his family emigrated to Leiden, Holland, sometime before 4 November 1611, where he was a woolcomber. In the year 1616, the year before his appointment as agent of the Leiden (Leyden) Church, <mask>man had three family losses. His wife Sarah died early in the year – exact date unknown. One of their children had died in March and another in October. Preparing for the voyage to the New World
Beginning in September 1617, Cushman spent much of his time in England, working on preparations for the voyage to the new colony He, along with John Carver, became an agent of the Leiden (Leyden) Holland congregation for doing business in England.With Elder William Brewster in hiding, being searched for by men of James VI and I for Brewster's distribution of religious tracts criticising the king and his bishops, the Separatists looked to John Carver and <mask>man to carry on negotiations with officials in London regarding a voyage to America. By June 1619 Carver and Cushman had secured a patent from the Virginia Company for the Separatists. In 1620 they were in Aldgate, London, staying at Heneage House, Duke's Place, from where they negotiated with Thomas Weston for financial backing from a group of merchants. Carver and Cushman quarrelled with Weston, and each other, over

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Cushman
Robert
Robert Cushman
Robert Cush
Robert Cush


title: Robert Cushman

texts:
 finances, contractual terms, shipping and provisions for the journey, to the point where Carver despaired of the whole venture. ‘We have begun to build’, he said, ‘and shall not be able to make an end.’ Cushman talked of 'a flat schism' between them. After Weston had hired the Mayflower ship, Cushman and Carver, as purchasing agents for the Leiden congregation, began to secure supplies and provisions in London and Canterbury. The More children
As the Separatists gathered in London, they were joined by the More children, who were placed under the care of Weston, Cushman, and Carver.John Carver and <mask> had jointly agreed to find them guardians among the passengers. The children were sent to the Mayflower by Samuel More, the husband of their mother Katherine, after an admission of her adultery. The children were to be indentured servants to certain passengers: Elinor, age eight, to Edward and Elizabeth Winslow; Jasper, seven, to the Carvers; and both Richard, five, and Mary, four, to William and Mary Brewster. All of the children except Richard died in the first winter of 1620. Attempts to leave England on the Speedwell
The Mayflower sailed from London with its passengers at the end of July, 1620, to take on supplies and meet up with the Speedwell from Leiden at Southampton. When it was time to leave Southampton, in August 1620, Cushman made sure he joined his friends aboard the Speedwell, but the ship was not seaworthy. Cushman stated: "(S)he is as open and leaky as a sieve".Soon after Mayflower and Speedwell cleared the coast, they put in for repairs at Dartmouth, a port 75 miles west of Southampton. The repairs were completed on 17 August, but they were forced to remain in Dartmouth due to lack of wind. By then half their food had been eaten. In his writings Cushman was very concerned about this. Many of the passengers wanted to abandon


title: Robert Cushman

texts:
 the voyage, even though, to many, it meant losing everything they possessed. Cushman stated that the Mayflower captain refused to let them off. "(H)e will not hear them, nor suffer them to go ashore," Cushman stated, "lest they should run away."The months of tension had caught up with Cushman and he began to suffer a searing pain in his chest – "a bundle of lead as it were, crushing my heart." He felt he was going to die. The two ships left Dartmouth and sailed more than 300 miles, but then they again had to turn back, this time to Plymouth in Devon, because of trouble on the Speedwell. The Speedwell had to be abandoned because she would never have survived the voyage. The trade-off for a safer passage was the reduction of the 120 passengers to about 100, who then had to be squeezed aboard a single ship. Among those from the Speedwell who did not board the Mayflower was the family of Cushman, who stated he expected at any moment to become meate for ye fishes. After the decision to abandon the Speedwell, Cushman and his family had priority to sail on the Mayflower but they declined – probably because of <mask>'s illness.Arrival in Plymouth in 1621
<mask> and his son Thomas traveled to Plymouth Colony aboard the Fortune in 1621. Cushman carried with him a patent to the New Plymouth colony in the name of Mr John Pierce of London, one of the Merchant Adventurers. <mask> remained but a few weeks. His mission was to convince the settlers to accept the terms of their contract imposed by Thomas Weston and the London investors. This contract had incurred the resentment and anger of the Leiden contingent and they had angrily rejected it on 5 August 1620, the date of departure from Portsmouth. But Cushman found at Plymouth that the settlers had finally come to realise their situation and their need for assistance from London. Cushman did complete his

masks:
Robert
Robert Cushman
Robert Cushman


title: Robert Cushman

texts:
 mission, but left Plymouth on 13 December 1621, having already spent four months at sea, and left his son Thomas in the care of Governor Bradford.Bradford later reported on Cushman's visit to Plymouth that he "stayed not above fourteen days" and that the ship Fortune was "speedily dispatched away laden with (cargo) estimated to be worth near £500." On the voyage back to England, the Fortune was attacked by French pirates and was robbed of its valuable cargo, along with the possessions of crew and passengers. Cushman back in London 1622
Cushman arrived back in London, 17 February 1622. He was carrying with him a valuable document known as the Bradford-Winslow "Relation" – (or historically known as 'Mourt's Relation') the detailed journal-account, that is, day-to-day written record of the exploration of areas of Cape Cod and Plymouth bay and harbour. The "Relation" is the single most important historical document of its kind in early American history. When <mask>man arrived in London at the end of February 1622, he hurried to have printed and disseminated 'Mourt's Relation' as quickly and widely as possible, which was obviously meant as propaganda for the colony. The mission of Cushman in aid of the new Plymouth colony was much advanced by his return and arrival in London, 17 February 1622, with the signed approval of the terms of the Adventurers with him.It had been certified by the signatures of the leadership now led by Governor Bradford, successor to John Carver. This document had renewed the relationship between the colonist and the London investors and the investors were also relieved of ingratitude and culpable impropriety. Cushman served as agent of the New Plymouth Colony and representative of the colony with the company of Merchant Adventurers of London until he died in May of 1625. Cushman did not die in London of the plague in


title: Robert Cushman

texts:
 1625. There are no primary sources as evidence for this claim. <mask> was visiting Benenden, Kent, the next door village to Rolvenden, where his brother, Richard, lived until Richard died in March 1623/24. Richard Couchman left a will probated in 1624 (PRC/17/65/443, Benenden).The will left a bequest to the children of "brother in lawe  Stephen Everenden" (also Evernden). He married Richard and <mask>' sister, Sylvester Coucheman, in Rolvenden on 7 Nov 1593. <mask> intended to sail to Plymouth Colony and was visiting his relatives before he left. William Bradford, in his book Of Plymouth Plantation, wrote that Cushman's "own purpose was to come over and spend his [last] days with them". The St. Georges, Benenden archdeacon's transcript, primary source, record was May 6, 1625 "The 6  day <mask> Couchman a stranger." It was usual to identify a person as a "stranger" if they were from another parish. <mask> lived in St. Botolph without Aldgate parish in northeast London.William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth for many years, wrote upon receiving notice of <mask>'s death in England, that he "was as their right hand with their friends the (Merchant) Adventurers (London investment group), and for divers (sic) years had done and agitated all their business with them, to their great advantage." Family
<mask>'s first marriage, in the parish of St Alphege, Canterbury, 11 July 1606, was to Sara Reder, who lived in the precincts of the cathedral and whose parentage has not been discovered. <mask> died in Leiden, Holland, and was buried on 11 October 1616. Two of her three children died that year also. The children of <mask>man and his wife Sara:

1. <mask> (ca.1607/08-1691) was baptised at St Andrew's church, Canterbury. He died in Plymouth, Massachusetts, 11 December 1691.He married Mary Allerton, daughter of Isaac Allerton about 1636 in Plymouth. They

masks:
Robert
Roberts
Robert Cushman
Roberte
Robert
Robert Cushman
Robert Cushman
Sara Cushman
Robert Cush
Thomas Cushman


title: Robert Cushman

texts:
 had eight children. Mary died in Plymouth 28 November 1699, the last of the Mayflower passengers. <mask> at age fourteen, was left behind at New Plymouth in the charge of the governor, William Bradford, after his father, <mask>, returned to England. <mask> became Ruling Elder of the Plymouth Church in 1649, and remained in that office forty-two years until his death in 1691. 2. (child) Buried at Pieterkerk, Leiden, Holland 11 March 1616.3. (child) Buried at Pieterkerk, Leiden, Holland 24 October 1616. In 1617 <mask> married secondly, Mary Clarke Shingleton in Leiden, widow of Thomas Shingleton, who had died there. Cushman was forty and Mary twenty-seven. Prior to 1610, before sailing for Leiden, the Shingeltons had also moved from Canterbury where they lived, to St. Peter's parish, Sandwich, Kent. They later joined the Pilgrim Church in Leiden. Cushman Monument on Burial Hill in Plymouth
<mask>man was buried in England in 1625.On 15 August 1855 a gathering of Cushman family members meeting on Burial Hill in Plymouth Massachusetts decided to erect a monument to him and his descendants. The family formed the Cushman Monument Association. with any person contributing to the Association receiving a certificate stating the amount contributed and a picture of the Monument. During the erection of the twenty-five-foot monument, the remains of <mask>'s son Elder Thomas <mask>, his wife Mary (Allerton) and other family members were found. These remains would later be buried within a space constructed beneath the monument, the completion of which was celebrated on 16 September 1858. See also
 The Mayflower Society

References

External links

People excommunicated by the Church of England
Immigrants to Plymouth Colony
People of colonial Massachusetts
1577 births
1625 deaths
People from Rolvenden
Kingdom of England emigrants to the Thirteen

masks:
Thomas Cushman
Robert
Thomas Cushman
Robert Cushman
Robert Cush
Robert Cushman
Cushman


title: Muriel Gibson

texts:
<mask> (born 29 September 1949) is a leading Northern Irish loyalist who was a member of the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). The organisation was founded in 1996 by Billy Wright. She was acquitted of murdering a Catholic council worker, Adrian Lamph, in 1998, but convicted in January 2007 and sentenced to eight years imprisonment for destroying evidence following the 1998 murder, impeding the arrest and prosecution of his killers, and LVF membership. She was also found guilty of withholding information regarding a shooting, possession of firearms, detonators and pipe bombs. Her co-accused, LVF leader Jim Fulton, was convicted of directing the 1999 murder of Elizabeth O'Neill, along with a series of other offences, and sentenced to life imprisonment. Their trial, which lasted from September 2005 until December 2006, was the longest in the legal history of Northern Ireland. Early years and marriage
<mask> was born in Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland on 29 September 1949 and was brought up as a Protestant.She grew up in Portadown's Brownstown estate. In the early 1970s she met her former husband, William Landry, on hippie camp trips. Together they have two sons, Mahatma and Oddysseus; and three daughters, Rain, Talutha and Aisha. <mask> and Landry divorced around 1999 or 2000. Her sons live with her ex-husband in California. <mask> was charged with possession of a controlled drug in 1969 at Bow Street Magistrates' Court when she was 19 years old. In 1990, she was imprisoned for a year in the United States for possession of illegal drugs.Upon her release in 1991, she returned to Northern Ireland. Loyalist Volunteer Force
<mask> became involved in loyalist paramilitary activities in December 1991,   shortly after her return to Northern

masks:
Muriel Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson
Gibson


title: Muriel Gibson

texts: Ireland from her sojourn in the United States and imprisonment. In 1996, Billy Wright, leader of the Ulster Volunteer Force's (UVF) Mid-Ulster Brigade, formed the breakaway group, the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). This came about when Wright and the Mid-Ulster's Portadown unit were stood down by the UVF's Brigade Staff (Belfast leadership) following the unsanctioned killing of a Catholic taxi driver, Michael McGoldrick, by the Mid-Ulster Brigade while the UVF were on ceasefire. Expelled from the UVF and threatened with execution, Wright defied the Belfast leadership and took most of the officially-disbanded Portadown unit with him, including brothers Mark "Swinger" Fulton and Jim Fulton. <mask> also became a member of the new loyalist paramilitary organisation. In June 1997 the LVF was proscribed by the British Government and six months later, Wright was shot dead at the Maze Prison by the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA); <mask> acted as one of Wright's pallbearers at his funeral.Following Wright's assassination, Mark Fulton took over as the LVF's leader. On 21 April 1998, 29-year-old Catholic council worker, Adrian Lamph was killed outside Fair Green Amenity Centre in Portadown. He was shot in the head at close range by an LVF gunman on a mountain bike wearing a red scarf over his face. The shot allegedly hit Lamph between the eyes and  blew his head off. <mask> later claimed she came upon the naked gunman in an alleyway. She took away the gun used in the shooting and hid it, while another LVF member burned his clothing to destroy evidence. She also arranged for the bike to be thrown into the river.Lamph was the last victim of the LVF before they called a ceasefire in May 1998. In 1999, <mask> got into a violent street altercation with

masks: Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson


title: Muriel Gibson

texts:
 Mid-Ulster UVF brigadier Richard Jameson, who slapped her forcefully in the face after he had accused her of involvement in drugs. She left Northern Ireland the same year along with two of her daughters, and transferred to England. She first took up residence at a bed-and-breakfast in Plymouth, Devon but shortly afterwards moved to Cornwall. Immediately after her arrival in England she was put under police surveillance. The following January, Jameson was shot dead by the LVF outside his home in Portadown. In March 2000, Fulton was deported from the United States for breaches of immigration laws and went to live in Plymouth.Arrest and imprisonment
In June 2001, <mask> and her two daughters, Rain and Talutha Landry were arrested in Cornwall, where she had been living, following taped conversations the three women had with Fulton and undercover police officers in which they boasted about their involvement in various LVF-related attacks and revealed the names of the perpetrators. She also admitted to having extorted money by threatening the owners and workers of local Portadown building sites and bars. <mask> had returned from a holiday in Portugal when she was arrested and brought from Cornwall to London for questioning. After four days, she and Rain were flown to Northern Ireland where they faced charges relating to terrorism. Talutha was eventually released by the London police without having been charged. At the Craigavon Magistrates Court, <mask> was accused of the murder of Adrian Lamph and Rain was charged with an arson attack and causing an explosion. <mask> pleaded not guilty, while Rain refused to answer the plea.When Mark Fulton was found dead in Maghaberry Prison of an apparent suicide in June 2002, Jim Fulton succeeded his brother as


title: Muriel Gibson

texts:
 the LVF's commander. <mask> and Jim Fulton were indicted jointly but charged separately. Their trial, which took place at the Belfast Crown Court, lasted from September 2005 to December 2006, making it the longest in Northern Ireland's legal history. <mask> faced a total of 11 charges, including the murder of Lamph and conspiring to cause explosions in the Republic of Ireland, all of which she denied. She claimed in her defence that she had lied to the undercover police officers in an effort to impress them. Her taped conversations with the undercover police officers in England were presented at court. Although <mask> was acquitted of Lamph's murder, she was convicted of destroying evidence, and impeding the arrest and prosecution of his killers.She was also convicted of LVF membership, withholding information about a shooting, and possession of firearms, detonators and pipe bombs. The pipe bombs were used at the 1998 Drumcree standoff and the detonators were to be used in a proposed bombing campaign in the Republic of Ireland in 1997. <mask> had brought the pipe bombs to Drumcree after collecting them from Frankie Curry, an independent loyalist dissident who was noted for his expertise as a bomb maker. She was sentenced by Mr. Justice Harte in January 2007 to eight years imprisonment. Her co-accused Jim Fulton received a life sentence for directing the pipe-bomb killing of Elizabeth O'Neill (a Protestant married to a Catholic) and a series of other offences, including seven attempted murders. <mask>, a grandmother, was incarcerated at the Ash House block of Hydebank Young Offenders Centre Centre in Belfast. References

1949 births
Loyalist Volunteer Force members
Ulster loyalists imprisoned on charges of terrorism
People from Portadown
Living

masks: Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson Gibson


title: Channing Frye

texts:
<mask> (born May 17, 1983) is an American former professional basketball player. A power forward-center, he played college basketball for the University of Arizona. He was drafted eighth overall by the New York Knicks in the 2005 NBA draft, and was the first college senior to be selected in that draft. He also played for the Portland Trail Blazers, Phoenix Suns, Orlando Magic, Cleveland Cavaliers and Los Angeles Lakers, winning an NBA Championship with the Cavaliers in 2016. High school career
Frye attended St. Mary's High School in Phoenix, Arizona where he was rated as the No. 98 recruit in the nation by Hoop Scoop and the No. 13 center in the country by Fast Break Recruiting Service.As a junior in 1999–2000, he averaged 15 points, 12 rebounds, nine blocks and six assists per game for coach David Lopez as he led the team to a 26–7 record, a berth in the Class 5A state tournament semi-finals and a No. 19 national ranking by USA Today. As a senior in 2000–01, Frye averaged 22 points, 15 rebounds, six blocks and three assists per game and he led St. Mary's to the 2001 Class 5A state championship with a 30–3 record. He was subsequently named Player of the Year by the Arizona Republic and the Arizona Gatorade Player of the Year while earning fourth-team Parade All-America and McDonald's All-America honors. College career
As a freshman at Arizona in 2001–02, Frye was a key contributor for the Wildcats as he started 25 of 34 games after working his way into the starting lineup by late December and stayed there for the rest of the season. He earned Pac-10 All-Freshman team honors after averaging


title: Channing Frye

texts:
 per game since his final season in Portland. Cleveland Cavaliers (2016–2018)

On February 18, 2016, Frye was traded to the Cleveland Cavaliers in exchange for Jared Cunningham and a future second-round pick. Acquired for his ability to stretch the floor and for his outside shooting, Frye, in just his second game as a Cavalier on February 24, hit four three-pointers and finished with 15 points off the bench in a 114–103 win over the Charlotte Hornets. In the Cavaliers' 2016 second round playoff series against the Atlanta Hawks, Frye helped the team go up 3–0 with 27 points on 10-of-13 shooting, including 7-of-9 from three-point range, in a Game 3 win. The Cavaliers went on to sweep the Hawks and advance to the Eastern Conference Finals. There he helped the Cavaliers defeat the Toronto Raptors in six games.<mask>'s role in the NBA Finals was reduced, as he played minor minutes over the first four games, before failing to appear in the following three games. Despite being down 3–1 following a Game 4 loss to the Golden State Warriors, the Cavaliers went on to win the series in seven games. On November 13, 2016, Frye scored a season-high 20 points in the Cavaliers' 100–93 win over the Charlotte Hornets. On February 14, 2017, following the announcement that Kevin Love would be out for six weeks with an injury, Frye started in Love's place and had 21 points and 10 rebounds in a 116–108 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves. Frye helped the Cavaliers go 12–1 over the first three rounds of the 2017 playoffs to once again reach the NBA Finals, where they lost in five games to the Golden State. Los


title: Channing Frye

texts:
 Angeles Lakers (2018)
On February 8, 2018, the Cavaliers traded Frye, Isaiah Thomas and a 2018 first-round draft pick to the Los Angeles Lakers in exchange for Jordan Clarkson and Larry Nance Jr.

Return to Cleveland (2018–2019)
On July 19, 2018, Frye signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers, returning to the franchise for a second stint. On March 1, 2019, he announced that the 2018–19 season would be his last in the NBA, after confirming with his accountant that he had "enough money to get extra guacamole every time".<mask> <mask> has also worked as a Studio Analyst for NBATV since 2020 and a fill-in Studio analyst for the NBA on TNT since 2021. Personal life
Frye is the son of the late <mask> and the late Karen Mulzac-<mask>. Fellow NBA player and former teammate, Tobias Harris, is Frye's cousin. His grandfather, John Mulzac, was a member of the Tuskegee Airmen. Frye and his wife, Lauren (née Lisoski), have 4 children. In 2007, Frye established The Channing Frye Foundation. The foundation was founded with the goal of pointing youth in a positive and healthy direction.In 2010, Frye and his wife established The Frye Family Foundation in order to give back to the communities that are important to the Fryes, in particular, Portland, Oregon and Phoenix. Frye also sponsors a charity kickball tournament in Portland. References

External links

 Arizona Wildcats bio

1983 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American men's basketball players
American podcasters
Arizona Wildcats men's basketball players
Basketball players from Phoenix, Arizona
Centers (basketball)
Cleveland

masks:
Channing
Frye
Thomas Frye
Frye


title: Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee

texts:
<mask> (1856– 2 May 1936) was an Indian-born Kenyan merchant, politician and philanthropist. He was amongst the first and most influential Indian settlers in Kenya, amassing significant wealth and becoming a leader of Kenya's Indian community. Early life
<mask> was born in Karachi, then part of the Bombay Presidency in British India to Shia Dawoodi Bohra parents who traced their origins back to the western part of present-day Gujarat. His father was a horse and cart driver and he received minimal education. At the age of thirty and upon the death of his father he left home to wander India, embarking on a career as an itinerant peddler. He then moved to eastern Australia where he became fluent in English, set up a company selling Eastern produce, participated in the 1887 Jubilee Exhibition, and met British officials familiar with trade opportunities in East Africa. Returning to Karachi, he established a company providing stevedoring and translation services to visiting ships.In 1890 he sailed to Mombasa on a dhow to open a branch of his company there, branching out into road building, construction and transport. Business
In 1895, A.M<mask> of Karachi — as he was called at the time, was awarded the contract to supply the Imperial British East Africa Company with labour as they built the Uganda Railway. He imported his workforce from the Punjab region of British India. The first group to arrive had a total of 350 men and the number grew for the next six years to reach a total of 31,895. Most of the workforce were Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims who worked as skilled labourers, artisans, bricklayers, carpenters, plumbers, tailors, motor mechanics and electrical fitters. The construction of the railway proved hugely profitable for Jevanjee and his company in Mombasa. He now established a commercial empire

masks:
Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee
Jeevanjee
. Jeevanjee


title: Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee

texts: across the Indian Ocean, including two steamships between Mauritius and Bombay and between Bombay and Jeddah.He was lauded in the European press as a "real asset to a young country", who spoke English with "quite a good accent" and whose methods were "approximating more to the European, than the Asiatic type. He soon ventured into other business interests in the region. By 1900 it was estimated he was worth approximately four million pounds sterling. His firm undertook contracts to build various government offices, railway stations and post offices all along the railway. He further played a large role in the growth of Nairobi, supplying much capital to develop the town's infrastructure. It was estimated that at the turn of the century, he was the leading property owner in both Nairobi and Mombasa, owning the greater part of the former and half of the latter. In 1901 he bought the Indian bazaar in Nairobi, and in 1904 built a permanent market named Jeevanjee market with the aim of developing trade in European produce on a global scale.His plans were thwarted following the outbreak of a plague in 1908, which authorities blamed on unhygienic conditions in his market and resulted in the colonial government restricting lower class Indians and Africans to specific quarters for residence and small time trading. In 1910, European settlers opened a market in Nairobi for the exclusive use of Europeans in order to circumvent and circumscribe <mask> and other Indians within the economic sphere. At the time Indians controlled nearly 85 percent of the colony's trade. He was also a notable philanthropist, supporting religious institutions, the Bohra mosque and cemetery in Nairobi and several schools in Karachi. In 1906 he gifted Nairobi City Council a marble statue of Queen Victoria which he had commissioned.


title: Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee

texts:
 During the First World War, he offered his services to the government to help alleviate food shortages suffered by Indians in German East Africa and Zanzibar. Politics
When construction of the Uganda Railway reached Lake Victoria, <mask> began taking an active role in political life, and launched the African Standard which was a weekly newspaper.He had hired an editor-reporter, W.H. Tiller whose work was to oversee the operations of the newspaper. In 1905, he sold the newspaper to two British businessmen, Anderson and Mayer, who renamed it the East African Standard. Later in 1910 the paper became a daily newspaper and it moved its headquarters to Nairobi which was a fast developing commercial center. <mask> co-founded the Mombasa Indian Association in response to the European settlers' Convention on Associations and began to mobilise the Indian community in the struggle for equal rights. Disappointed by the lack of progress he returned to India but in 1910 returned to take up a seat as a member of the Legislative Council. He was the first non-European appointed to represent the interests of Indians in the Legislative Council.In September 1910 he visited London and gave an interview to the Daily Chronicle criticising attempts by European settlers to exclude Indians from a share in the country's commerce. Stating his pride in being a citizen of the British Empire, he proclaimed that if Indian enterprise was allowed to operate freely, Kenya would become a second India, and a source of great strength to the Empire. By positioning himself as pro-imperialist, fighting for Indian equality within the framework of the Empire and reserving his ire for the policies of the white settlers, the majority of whom happened to be Boer rather than British, he was able to attract sympathy amongst the British press.

masks: Jeevanjee Jeevanjee


title: Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee

texts: In 1912, he published an Appeal on behalf of the Indians of East Africa in which he cited the role played by Indians in developing East Africa and issued a call for British East Africa to be annexed by the British Indian Empire and its administration to follow Indian principles. His appeal failed to attract the attention of the Indian National Congress but he did receive support from the Aga Khan, then head of the All India Muslim League and Gopal Krishna Gokhale. <mask>'s increasing political activism began to be detrimental to his business interests and during this period he began losing grip on the empire he had built up. In 1914 he helped establish the East African Indian National Congress.The aim of the association was to defend Indian interests against European infringements, and demand the right to franchise, removal of restrictions on land sales, and greater Indian representation on legislative and municipal councils. In 1920, he gave a fiery speech attacking racist settler policies restricting Indian access to the franchise and White Highlands and citing discrimination in taxation, education, municipal services and residential areas. The following year, he mobilised the Indian community of Nairobi to withhold payment of rates for the Municipal Council of Nairobi. He was indicted for non-payment of rates but won the case in the courts on a technicality forcing the legislature to pass a new bill on the collection of municipal rates. In 1923 he took part in the delegation to meet the Duke of Devonshire at the Colonial Office which in turn led to the Devonshire White Paper emphasising African Paramountcy. By the mid 1920s he had moved away from leadership roles, becoming more a mentor and guide to younger Indian political leaders. In 1926 his protege Manilal Desai died and he returned to the


title: Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee

texts:
 forefront when asked to preside over the sixth session of the East African Indian National Congress to help a rift between radicals and moderates.In 1933, when Jan Smuts visited Kenya, he visited <mask> to renew an old friendship. Death
<mask> died of a heart attack on 2 May 1936, in Nairobi, at the age of eighty. He was survived by his wife and two sons. At the time of his death he was a bankrupt, having lost his vast fortune by gambling in produce. One newspaper described him as the "Grand Old Man of Kenya", whilst another stated he was the "first man to demand equality and that "he laid the foundations of an organised political movement in Kenya". He was buried according to Islamic ritual on the day he died at the Bohra Cemetery in Nairobi. Jeevanjee Gardens
In 1906, whilst at the height of his wealth, <mask> began construction of gardens which were to be known as Jeevanjee Gardens.In 1906 he gifted the gardens to the people of Nairobi to use as a place to relax. These gardens became the subject in the news headlines in 1991 where some leaders in authority were purporting to turn it into a commercial plot. There had been a proposed construction of a Multi-storey car park which was against the wish of <mask>. The youngest remaining daughter of <mask>, the late Shirin Najmudean moved to Nairobi to stop the planned development on the piece of land. See also
 Jeevanjee Gardens

References

Literature
 Patel, Zarina Alibhai Mulla Jeevanjee East Africa Publishers Education LTD (2002)

1856 births
1939 deaths
Indian emigrants to Kenya
Indian Ismailis
Kenyan Ismailis
Dawoodi Bohras
Businesspeople of Indian descent
20th-century Kenyan businesspeople
Kenyan people of Indian descent
Indian Muslims
Gujarati people
Kenyan Muslims
Kenyan people of Gujarati descent
Kenyan philanthropists
British Kenya

masks: Jeevanjee Jeevanjee Jeevanjee Jeevanjee Jeevanjee


title: Teófilo Braga

texts:
<mask> (; 24 February 1843 – 28 January 1924) was a Portuguese writer, playwright, politician and the leader of the Republican Provisional Government after the overthrow of King Manuel II, as well as the second elected president of the First Portuguese Republic, after the resignation of President Manuel de Arriaga. Biography
<mask> was born in the Azores, in São José, Ponta Delgada, his father was <mask> who probably a descendant of one of  King João V’s illegitimate children, most likely António of Braganza who was a Doctor in Theology, knight of Order of Christ and known for one of 3 Children of Palhavã. His mother was Maria José da Câmara e Albuquerque, from the island of Santa Maria, another descendant of Portuguese nobility because she was probably traced to Infanta D. Urraca, who was the one of King Afonso III’s illegitimate children, as the genealogist Ferreira Serpa has shown. <mask> was the 13th descendant of Diogo Gonçalves de Travassos, father of D. Pedro  who married Violente Velho Cabral, sister of the Commander of Almourol, Gonçalo Velho, and descendant of Cristovão Falcão, a poet and Count of Avranches. His mother had seven children (<mask> being the youngest), of which three died during infancy, the others being Luís, João Fernandes and Maria José. <mask>'s father became a widower when <mask> was only three years old (his mother died at the age of 31 years). Originally, his father was an artillery lieutenant and commander in Mosteiros, and quit the army after the Concession of Evoramonte, and without means, he established a nautical school and mathematics in Ponta Delgada, eventually finding a job at the local secondary school in Ponta Delgada.Two years later, the older <mask> wed

masks:
Joaquim Teófilo Fernandes Braga
Teófilo Braga
Joaquim Manuel Fernandes Braga
Teófilo
Teófilo
Teófilo
Teófilo
Braga


title: Teófilo Braga

texts: a woman (Ricarda Joaquina Marfim Pereira) with a decidedly bad attitude to the young boy, fathering two daughters with Ricarda (Maria da Glória and Maria do Espírito Santo). The child took refuge in literature, and specifically in the public library in Ponta Delgada or at the home of the Viscount of Praia, where his father (for a time) was a private tutor to the Viscount's daughters. It was in the Ribeira Grande newspaper A Estrela Oriental (The Oriental Star), edited by former-pharmacist Francisco Maria Supico (a native of Lousã), that his first naive poem A Canção do Guerreiro ("A Song of the Warrior"), in a patriotic tone, dedicated to his brother João Fernandes <mask> was published. He followed these with O Meteoro and O Santelmo. At the age of 15 in 1859, in an edition paid for by the Viscount of Praia, he published a book of verses entitled Folhas Verdes ("Green Leaves") and edited by the newspaper A Ilha (The Island); it was a timid imitation of Folhas Caídas (Fallen Leaves) by noted author Almeida Garrett. He revealed a tenacity and combative nature and was known to have been disciplined during his time at his secondary school in Ponta Delgada (where his father was teacher) for disparaging remarks made to his teacher. At the end of secondary school <mask> hoped for future prospects, even informing his father of his intention to leave São Miguel and travel to America for a professional career (likely as a typographer or merchant).But his father suggested expanding his studies at the University of Coimbra, mindful of his child's lack of abilities in his preferred fields. Therefore, <mask> <mask>, student, arrived in Coimbra in April 1861, with hopes of achieving a doctorate in Theology or

masks: Braga Teófilo Teófilo Braga


title: Teófilo Braga

texts:
 Law; after a year, in which he repeated his prerequisite entrance qualifications, he joined the Faculty of Law at the University. His first lodging would be at the home of Filipe de Quental (1824–1892), professor of Medicine and paternal uncle of the author Antero de Quental. University

Life as a student was spartan and austere, and he did not adopt the Bohemian lifestyle on campus, preferring to concentrate on his studies. A contemporary, the writer Ramalho Ortigão, had this to say of the young <mask>:
"Simple, sober, hard, with habits of austerity bordering on spartan, he knows how to reduce his requirements as he lacks resources, living in his isolation like Robinson on his island, <mask> <mask> has a unique passion, a passion of a prelate of science. He does not publish a volume per week because there is no machine in Portugal that can accompany the rapidness of his pen. He writes with grace, disinterested, in the satisfaction of his supreme pleasure, pleasure of spilling ideas.This incredible force and at the same time his unique weakness; I've never met another. At his most acerbic nature, he has a passion of his ideas...in the 19th century, with his systematic activity and with his impatience guided by the profoundly pacifist philosophy of Augusto Comte, <mask> <mask> is the most perfect archetype of the uncredited worker and useful citizen. In the middle of Portuguese society...[we are] consoled by the power of contemplation, and a figure such as <mask> <mask> is a rare curiosity that we call...a human"

While at Coimbra he became involved with the literary agitation; <mask> joined his contemporaries, which included the writer Antero de Quental, in what became known as Questão Coimbra

masks: Teófilo Teófilo Braga Teófilo Braga Teófilo Braga Teófilo


title: Teófilo Braga

texts: (English: Question Coimba), a loose affiliation of artists with non-traditionalist philosophies and ideals about 1865. He remained on the periphery of this group's activities, though, while writing many of his recognized early works: O Pirilampo, O Fósforo and Tira-Teimas. A few of his professors in the Faculty of Law recognized his application, and arranged tasks that helped his studies, including the organization and classification of monastic documents. But his new projects did not affect his participation with the student activists against the autocratic Rector Basílio Alberto de Sousa Pinto and many of the traditionalists at Coimbra. He reserved his best efforts for his own projects; during this time he convinced editor Gomes Monteiro, of Casa Moré (a publishing house in Oporto), to publish his poem Visão dos Tempos (in 1864).It was a work that borrowed directly for its base the themes from Victor Hugo's La Légende des siècles, and captured in verse all the essential classicism of Judaism and Christianity. The work received many positive reviews. At the time the indisputable authority of Portuguese literature was António Feliciano de Castilho and his Lisbon admirers, who could establish or ruin the reputation of young authors. Castilho, and his protégé Manuel Pinheiro Chagas were captivated by the classic prose of Visão (English: Vision) and congratulated in public <mask>' work. But this was not repeated in his follow-up book of poetry Tempestades Sonoras, which were preceded by a philosophical prologue that was both obscure and indecipherable. Generally, Castilho's conservative Lisbon admirers criticized severely many of the personalities with dissident tendencies,  due to considerations


title: Teófilo Braga

texts:
 both artistic and political. At the time of the publication of Tempestades, Antero de Quental had just completed his Odes Modernas (English: Modern Odes), a shockingly militant work that challenged the conservative constitutional monarchy in Portugal, its class society and the religious hierarchy.Castilho and his prelates decided to begin a philosophical battle, without quarter, against the two iconoclasts, "that they considered exponents of a School at Coimbra of depraved tastes and highly harmful." The literary "conflict" began in earnest when Manuel Pinheiro Chagas published his obra-prima Poema da Mocidade. António Feliciano de Castilho, in a letter-to-the-editor António Maria Pereira, to promote the book and provide a prologue to the volume, critically attacked Antero Quental and <mask> <mask>, as well as their loose affiliation of friends. This was the beginning of the Questão Coimbrã Movement, an impassioned period that involved many Portuguese literary writers, that included many critical texts and apologies. Antero de Quental responded with his work which challenged Castilho's original text, which he entitled Bom Senso e Bom Gosto (English: Good Sense and Good Taste), followed by A Dignidade das Letras (English: A Dignity of Letters) and Literaturas Oficiais (English: Official Literature), while Teófilo challenged with his literary violent work As Teocracias Literárias (English: The Literary Theocracy). After his first year at the University, won by his tenacious inflexibility and idealism, <mask> was confronted by the literary conflicts between traditionalists and modernists:
"Quickly, I found myself encircled by hate; they cut-off my life in the newspaper; in Law classes, they took my

masks: Teófilo Braga Braga


title: Teófilo Braga

texts: academic distinctions; the critics devastated me rudely; the bookstore owners refused to publish what I wrote; and the patriarchs of Letters, with their authoritative weight smiles with sober equivalence at my intellectual value, circulating depressive stories about my character and customs, which served to dismake my sacrifices. Another would have given up.I saw myself forced to reverse the base of my existence, abandon the Art that had seduced me, because it removed my contemplative serenity, and I launched myself into criticizing, into erudite knowledge, into science, into philosophy." Rocha Martins referred to an interview that he had with <mask>, in 1916, and where, as a visible admirer of the writer and president, he wrote of Teófilo's life and difficulties at Coimbra. Teófolio had recalled that one time, in Oporto, at the home of the librarian Moré he had met Camilo Castelo Branco, who had extended his hand in friendship, but <mask> had "turned his back". As Rocha Martins elaborated, Teófilo "was just a youth then...today he would not have turned his back on anyone...All men should learn to forgive". It was not just an attack on aesthetic differences between political ideologies, Castilho also endorsed his protégé (Chagas) for a professorship in the department of Modern Literature of the Faculty of Letters, and used his letter to champion him for the position, in which both Teófilo and his friend Antero Quental were interested. In April 1868 <mask> <mask> married Maria do Carmo Xavier (1841–1911), sister of Júlio de Matos, generally from a wealthy family (the couple would live at the Matos home for a time). Their life together would be tragic, marked by the premature deaths of their

masks: Braga Braga Teófilo Braga


title: Teófilo Braga

texts:
 children: Joaquim, just after his birth (1869), <mask>, at 13 (1886) and in March of the next year, Maria da Graça, at 16 (1887).Maria do Carmo, whose health was always fragile, was inconsolable (and by the time her husband held the Presidency her health was debilitated and she died away soon afterwards). Camilo Castelo Branco a declared enemy of the writer, would be unusually forgiving, when Teófilo's children died within a brief period of one another; at the time, Camilo would write the sonet A maior dor humana" (English: The Greatest Human Pain). His political affiliations made it difficult to obtain a professorship at the Academia Politécnica do Porto (English: Polytechnic Academy of Oporto), as well as the Faculty of Law in Coimbra. <mask> <mask> had to wait a year, in 1872 (when he obtained his law degree), in order to succeed in his application to a position as a full professor in modern literature, in a memorable public competition. He was the superior choice of the presiding judge of the committee, rather than his rival Manuel Pinheiro Chagas and Luciano Cordeiro, who were endorsed by semi-official patrons. Positivism and published works

Teófilo aspired to be a systematic thinker; a theorist based on evidence which permitted an intrepid and dogmatic interpretation of Man, world and life. It was therefore, no surprise, that he accepted the tenets of Positivism.This positivist spirit would guide him between 1872 and 1877, under the influence of Joaquim Duarte Moreira de Sousa a professor of Mathematics in Castelo Branco, with whom he regularly had conversations. It was the teacher's curious spirit and admiration of Auguste Comte and Émile Littré that influenced <mask> during this period.

masks: Teófilo Teófilo Braga Teófilo


title: Teófilo Braga

texts: It was these influences that brought him to found, along with Júlio de Matos, the magazine O Positivismo in Oporto, between 1878 and 1882, to write Traços Gerais de Filosofia Positiva (English: General Ideas of Philosophical Positivism), 1877 and later Sistema de Sociologia (English: System of Sociology), 1884. While still professor of Letters and research fellow, <mask> <mask> was studious and unrested, yet he continued to give all his attention to his family (showering on them gifts from his poor remuneration). In his home on Travessa de Santa Gertrudes he lived a monastic lifestyle, usually broken by invitations from admirers or civic campaigns. But generally, he was able to concentrate on his writing, including his monumental História da Literatura Portuguesa (English: History of Portuguese Literature). With a vast repository of documents he would nurture interpretations of medieval romances and produce ultra-romantic works of realism.It was also during this time when he would show interests in ethnography, especially folklore: in 1867, História da Poesia Popular Portuguesa (English: History of Popular Portuguese Poetry), Cancioneiro Popular (English: Collection of Popular Poems) and Romanceiro Geral, and then later (1869) the book Cantos Populares do Arquipélago Açoreano' (English: Popular Stories of the Azorean Archipelago). He would repeat this style in 1883 Contos Tradicionais do Povo Português' (English: Traditional Stories of the Portuguese People) and in 1885, two volumes entitled O Povo Português (English Collection of Portuguese Romances), about costumes and traditions, but his studies were generally criticized during the period. On some occasions he was considered a plagiarist;

masks: Teófilo Braga


title: Teófilo Braga

texts: <mask> read profusely and was not too careful while editing his analyses, omitting citations and mentioning unreferenced ideas or the theories of others. The medic and politician Ricardo Jorge, didn't disguise his exasperation in his book Contra um plágio do Prof. Theófilo <mask> (English: Against a Plagiarized Work of Professor Teófilo <mask>), in 1917:Teófilo <mask>, the venerated image of a diverse writer...remember the Indian idols, crowned with many heads...he is multi-headed. Each head, full of knowledge. Like the carrancas of a fountain, there erupts from each mouth a torrent of recorded science. Even Antero de Quental, who was friendly with Teófilo, referred to him as a hierophant of literary charlatanism.The Brazilian historian Sílvio Romero, called him Papa dos charlatães (English: Father of Charlatans). José Relvas, another contemporary, was another person who dismissed his contributions; he noted that the prestige he gained was not justified, and that only those who didn't read his published works would admire him. In its political aspects, positivism was a version of republicanism that acknowledged the stratification of classes by the capitalist model. <mask>, while reading the works of Comte, fixated on the more radical rationalisms on Philosophical Positivism. On the philosophies of Auguste Comte, defending the ideas of positivism. "The positivist consolidated above all the idea that the Republic could not be just a coup d'état, and that maybe, we should dispense with revolutionary intentions." The Republicans believed that "to create a Republic required a liberation of individuals of their older ideas...[that] without a doubt, it was [their] spiritual subjugation" In Portugal of

masks: Braga Braga Braga Braga Teófilo


title: Teófilo Braga

texts: the time, about 50,000 individuals (in a population of less than six million) had declared themselves as non-Catholics.For Republicans, they believed that the population was captive to a Roman Catholic church that (during 1864) had condemned liberalism and all modern ideas. For the historian António Reis, Teófflo <mask>'s doctrinaire style was important in consolidating the Republican cause. His visceral Jacobinismo, allowed him to synthesize the theses of Republican Federalists; the themes of administrative decentralization, imperial mandates and limits which would allow the management of the Portuguese republican model of public education, on the combat of clerical ultramontanism, national sovereignty, and development of democratic ideals that would include universal suffrage. All these ideas would be elaborated in the newspapers A Vanguarda, O Século and O Rebate. The militancy of these works would serve as guides for many republicans of his time. Between 1879 and 1881 he would write many of his more political ideas, including Soluções Positivas da Política Portuguesa (English: Positivist Solutions to Portuguese Politics), 1879, História das Ideias Republicanas em Portugal (English: A History of Republican Ideas in Portugal), 1880, and Dissolução do Sistema Monárquico-Representativo (English: Dissolution of the Monarchical-Representative System), 1881. These propaganda pieces did not mean an end to his other works; in addition to participating in numerous comedies, festivals, clubs and republican associations, he was one of the personalities, in partnership with Ramalho Ortigão, to coordinate the fesitivities to mark the third centenary of the death of Luís Vaz de Camões, the epic Portuguese


title: Teófilo Braga

texts:
 writer,(10 June 1880).He would later become a partner in the Academia Real das Ciências (English: Royal Academy of Sciences), Lisbon, and the Academia Real de História (English: Royal Academy of History), Madrid, where he would be honoured in subsequent years. Politics
<mask> became active in Portuguese politics in 1878, when he campaigned for deputy as an independent federalist republican. Over the years, he had many jobs in the Portuguese Republican Party. He participated in the political barricades during the revolt in Oporto (31 January 1891), added to the list of members of the Republican Party and worked in partnership with Francisco Homem Cristo. The membership of the Republican Party in Lisbon never anticipated the success of the Republican revolt in the north. <mask> and Homen Cristo attempted to win the sympathy of the army, but were largely unsuccessful, due partly to the romantic militaristic ideals of many of the soldiers. After the failure of the conspiracy, with many of those retreating or sent to a military tribunal in Leixões, the two criticized Lisbon Republicans for their lack of assistance for the rebels in Oporto.Teófilo occupied himself with arguing with the objectors and taking on an important role in the propaganda of the Republican Party. By 1896 he was a member of the Grupo Republicano de Estudos Sociais (English: Republican Social Studies Group). The political situation in Portugal had degraded after the 1890 British Ultimatum. Further, between the 19th Century and 20th Century, the system of power that rotated between the parties was slowly dismantled; the divisions introduced by João Franco and José Maria de Alpoim resulted in the creation of splinter groups in

masks: Braga Teófilo


title: Teófilo Braga

texts: addition to the two historical constitutional parties (respectively, the Partido Regenerador Liberal alongside the Partido Regenerador and the Dissidência Progressista from the Partido Progressista), which would alter the rules of political coexistence. A dictatorship created by João Franco after May 1907 (endorsed by King Carlos) was an episode of cumulative crises provoked by Hintze Ribeiro, leader of the Partido Regenerador, and José Luciano de Castro, responsible for the Partido Progressista. <mask> <mask> accompanied many of these events, as well as Francoist Spain, the regicide and enthronement of King D. Manuel II, of which the journalist João Chagas wrote: ...[Manuel II assumed the military regalia] when by now it was not needed. The republican cause had grown in importance, helped by the Republican Party, freemasons, the Carbonária Portuguesa and by numerous groups of doctrinarian idealists influenced by the cause.On 1 January 1910, he became an effective member of the Political Directorate of the party, joining Basílio Teles, Eusébio Leão, José Cupertino Ribeiro, and José Relvas. On 28 August 1910, he was elected deputy for Lisbon. The revolution began on the morning of 4 October 1910 and lasted until the next day. <mask> <mask> was acclaimed President of Provisional Government of the Portuguese Republic. But the old Republican Party would not survive the creation of the Republic; factions quickly developed between groups within the party to form new organizations: Afonso Costa's faction would form the Partido Democrático (the most populist, Jacobin and urban party), António José de Almeida founded the Partido Evolucionista (a contemporary faction that included the rural bouregoeis) and

masks: Teófilo Braga Teófilo Braga


title: Teófilo Braga

texts:
 Brito Camacho created the União Republicana (which was an intellectual group with many of its members from Lisbon). The first conflict involved the electoral act: Afonso Costa's "democrats" wanted Bernardino Machado to be the first President of the Republic, but António José de Almeida and Manuel de Brito Camacho factions were able to elect Manuel de Arriaga for that title. <mask> <mask>, who was always more closely affiliated with the membership of the "Democrats" and owing to small problems with Arriaga, endorsed Bernardino Machado.He would return to government in May 1915; he became the President of the Republic after the abrupt resignation of Manuel de Arriaga. Arriaga had supported Pimenta de Castro to run the government, and the General had established a dictatorship, which was eventually defeated. In disgrace the pacifist first President vacated the job, and the assembly elected <mask> to the position. Later life
<mask> was an extremely austere man; after becoming a widower, he was a recluse and occupied much of his time in his library. Even as President, he would walk, umbrella or cane in hand, everywhere, and generally, his Presidency itself was not an exercise in ostentatious living. Over time, as a man-of-letters, <mask> <mask> was recognized by historians as an erudite author. His final home, was on the second-floor of 70 Rua de Santa Gertrudes à Estrela, in Lisbon, and his neighbor usually accompanied him for breakfast or lunch.He wore over-used clothing, many of these clothes he repaired personally, including white linens which were his departed wife's possessions (and reminded him of their earlier life together). He was a solitary figure, and had lost many of his closest relations

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title: Teófilo Braga

texts:
 (his mother died early during his life, his father died in the Azores Islands, he lost his children in their infancies and his beloved wife died before he did), as well as his sight. In his last will, he expressed his desire to be interred in a civil service, without ceremony. He died at 80 years of age, on 28 January 1924, and was buried in the Jerónimos Monastery in Belém, Lisbon. Published works
As for his literary career, one can find books by <mask> concerning the history of literature, on ethnography (mainly his search for popular stories and traditional songs), poetry, fiction, and philosophy. <mask>'s body of published work is also connected to historical investigation; while balancing philosophy, linguistics and culture he wrote História da Poesia Popular Portuguesa (English: The History of Popular Portuguese Poetry), História do Teatro Português (English: History of the Portuguese Theatre) and História das Ideias Republicanas em Portugal (English: The History of Republican Ideals in Portugal). One of his most contentious, from a scientific point-of-view, was História do Romantismo em Portugal (English: The History of Romanticism in Portugal), in 1880, although his four-volume História da Universidade de Coimbra (English: History of the University of Coimbra) is still considered

masks: Braga Braga


title: Barbara O'Neal

texts:
<mask>'Neal is an American romance novelist who has written over forty books under different pen names. O'Neal's books include The Lost Recipe for Happiness, How to Bake a Perfect Life, The Goddesses of Kitchen Avenue and Lady Luck's Map of Vegas. O'Neal has written women's fiction under the names <mask>’Neal and <mask>, contemporary and historical romance novels under <mask> and Ruth Wind, and new adult romances under Lark O’Neal. Career
O'Neal began her writing career as an author for Harlequin Silhouette. Writing as Ruth Wind, she has published over twenty contemporary romances, winning two RITA awards in this genre. Under the name <mask>, she has written seven historical romances, winning a RITA in 1998 for her book, Heart of a Knight. In 2000, O'Neal began writing women's fiction under the name <mask>, publishing five books under this name until moving her women's fiction titles under the name <mask>’Neal.These books are set mostly in her home state of Colorado or New Mexico, with themes of food, second chances, and multi-generational stories about women. She has won three RITA awards for her women's fiction work, making her eligible for the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame, into which she was inducted in 2012. O'Neal has won the RITA award seven times and been nominated for seven others. Her books have also won two Colorado Book Awards, and been named Favorite Book of the Year from Romance Writers of America, a Target Book Club pick, and a top book from Library Journal. When New

masks:
Barbara O
Barbara O
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara O


title: Barbara O'Neal

texts:
 Adult Romance emerged as a new genre 2013, O'Neal began writing as Lark O’Neal, launching her first New Adult series, Going the Distance, later that year. Personal life
O'Neal lives in Colorado Springs, Colorado with her partner, an endurance athlete. Bibliography

Women's Fiction

Published as <mask>'Neal
 Write My Name Across the Sky.Lake Union. August 2021. The Lost Girls of Devon. Lake Union. July 2020. When We Believed in Mermaids. Lake Union.July 2019. The Art of Inheriting Secrets. Lake Union. July 2018. The All You Can Dream Buffet. Bantam. March 2014. .The Garden of Happy Endings. Bantam. April 2012. .
 How to Bake a Perfect Life. Bantam. December 2010. . The Secret of Everything. Bantam.December 2009. . The Lost Recipe for Happiness. Bantam. December 2008. . Published as <mask>
 The Scent of Hours (originally published as Madame Mirabou's School of Love). Ballantine. March 2006. .
 Lady Luck's Map of Vegas.Ballantine. January 2005. . The Goddesses of Kitchen Avenue. Ballantine. February 2004. .
 A Piece of Heaven. Ballantine. February 2003. .
 No Place Like Home.Ballantine. February 2003. . Published as Ruth Wind
 In the Midnight Rain. Harper Collins. May 2000. .

New Adult Romance

Published as Lark O'Neal
 Random. November 2013. Stoked.February 2014. Epic. August 2014. Brilliant. December 2014. Intense. May 2015.Extreme. December 2015. Contemporary Romance

Published as Ruth Wind
 Miranda's Revenge. Silhouette. September 2007. .
 Desi's Rescue. Silhouette. April 2007, .Juliet's Law.

masks:
Barbara O
Barbara Samuel


title: Barbara O'Neal

texts:
 Silhouette. October 2006. . The Diamond Secret. Silhouette. January 2010. .
 Countdown. Silhouette.April 2005. .
 Born Brave. Silhouette. October 2001. .
 Beautiful Stranger. Silhouette. June 2000. .
 Rio Grande Wedding. Silhouette. November 1999. .
 For Christmas Forever.Silhouette. December 1998. .
 Meant to be Married. Silhouette. August 1998. . Her Ideal Man. Silhouette. August 1997. .
 Reckless.Silhouette. July 1997. . Marriage Material. Silhouette. June 1997. .
 Rainsinger. Silhouette. May 1996. .The Last Chance Ranch. Silhouette. August 1995. . Breaking the Rules. Silhouette. August 1994. . Walk in Beauty.Silhouette. April 1994. .
 Jezebel's Blues. Silhouette. December 1992. .
 A Minute to Smile. Silhouette. May 1992. .
 Light of Day. Silhouette.November 1990. .
 Summer's Freedom. Silhouette. March 1990. . Strangers On a Train. Silhouette. October 1988. . Historical Romance

Published as <mask>
 Night of Fire.Avon. December 2000. . The Black Angel. Harper Collins. October 1999. .
 Heart of a Knight. Harper Collins. August 1997. .Dancing Moon. Harper Collins. September 1996. .
 Lucien's Fall. Harper Collins. September 1995. .
 A Winter Ballad. Harper Collins. November 1994. .
 A Bed of Spices.Harper Collins. September 1993. .

Nonfiction

Published as <mask>
 The Care and Feeding of The Girls in the Basement: An Upbeat Guide to Life as a Writer. eBook. The Girls in the Basement: Celebration Book, A Writer's Guide to Joy. eBook. Omnibus
 Seal of My Dreams. Belle Bridge Books.November 2011.

masks:
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel


title: Barbara O'Neal

texts:
 .
 Chalice of Roses. NAL. January 2010. . (with Jo Beverley, Mary Jo Putney, Karen Harbaugh)
 A Mother's Love. Harlequin. April 2008. . (with Janice Kay Johnson, Raeanne Thayne)
 Dragon Lovers. NAL. March 2007. . (with Jo Beverley, Mary Jo Putney, Karen Harbaugh)
 Lakota Legacy.Harlequin. October 2003. . (with Madeline Baker, Kathleen Eagle)
 Faery Magic. Kensington. 1998. . (with Jo Beverley, Mary Jo Putney, Karen Harbaugh)
 Irish Magic II. Kensington. June 2009 (re-release). . (with Susan Wiggs, Morgan Llywelyn, Roberta Gellis)
 Irish Magic. Kensington.February 1996, . (with Susan Wiggs, Morgan Llywelyn, Roberta Gellis)

Awards
 2012 ROMANCE WRITERS HALL OF FAME for Strong Romantic Elements
 2012 RITA Award for Best Novel with Strong Romantic Elements for How to Bake a Perfect Life
 2010 RITA Award for Best Novel with Strong Romantic Elements for The Lost Recipe for Happiness"
 2006 RITA Award for Best Novel with Strong Romantic Elements for Lady Luck's Map of Vegas (written as <mask>)
 2003 RITA Award for Best Contemporary Single Title for No Place Like Home (written as <mask>)
 1999 RITA Award for Best Long Contemporary Romance for Meant to be Married (written as Ruth Wind)
 1998 RITA Award for Best Short Historical for Heart of a Knight (written as <mask>)
 1998 RITA Award for Best Long Contemporary Series Romance for Reckless (written as Ruth Wind'')

External links
 <mask>'Neal web site
 <mask> web site
 Lark O'Neal web site

References

American romantic fiction writers
RITA Award

masks:
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara Samuel
Barbara O
Barbara Samuel


title: Derek Wall

texts:
<mask> (born 26 May 1965) is a British politician and former member of the Green Party of England and Wales. He was the joint International Coordinator for the Green Party and stood against Prime Minister Theresa May as the Maidenhead Green candidate in the 2017 general election. Formerly the party's Principal Speaker, he is known as a prominent eco-socialist, campaigning both for environmentalism and socialism. Alongside his political role, <mask> is an academic and a writer, having published on the subject of ecosocialism and the wider Green politics movement. He is a contributor to the Morning Star newspaper and a blogger. Biography

Early political activism
<mask> first became involved in the Green movement in 1979. He joined the Ecology Party (later the Green Party of England and Wales) in 1980.By 1987, <mask> was standing for the Ecology Party against Chris Patten in Bath. At the time of the European Parliament election in 1989, <mask> was one of three National Speakers in the Green Party. In the elections themselves, which saw the Green Party gain over 2 million votes (14.5% of the national poll), <mask> received 15% of the vote in the Bristol constituency. During his time in the Green Party, <mask> has been a Parish Councillor. <mask> rose to national prominence in the wake of the 1989 result, when he presented himself to the national press as a 'left wing' candidate for the ruling Green Party Council in opposition to the leadership. He styled himself a Green 'fundamentalist'. These divisions contributed to highly negative press coverage at the time.Academic career
<mask> is a visiting tutor at the Department of Politics at Goldsmiths College, University of London, where he teaches a course on the new radical political economy. His PhD thesis was titled The Politics of Earth First! UK. He has written a series of books on eco-socialism and green politics. Getting There: Steps Towards a Green Society was published in 1990, and looked at the strategies of green politics. A Green Manifesto for the 1990s, also written in 1990,

masks:
Derek Norman Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall


title: Derek Wall

texts:
 outlined the Green vision. In 1994, a book examining the roots of ecological politics, Green History: A Reader in Environmental Literature, Philosophy, and Politics and Weaving a Bower Against Endless Night: An Illustrated History of the Green Party as a Green Party publication appeared.Having taken a BSc in Archaeology at the University of London, he subsequently completed a PhD at the University of the West of England, later published in a revised form in 1999 as a book entitled Earth First! and the Anti-Roads Movement: Radical Environmentalism and Comparative Social Movements. Academic reviews for the book were mixed. One academic reviewer commented that the book offered "valuable and often original information about the radical environmentalist movement" but "fails to provide a systematic analysis of the topic" and uncritically paid little attention to possible personal agendas of the activists interviewed. Babylon and Beyond: The Economics of Anti-Capitalist, Anti-Globalist and Radical Green Movements (2005), looks at the history of anti-capitalism, including reformist capitalists (such as Joseph Stiglitz), anti-corporate critics (namely Naomi Klein and David Korten), monetary reformers, eco-socialists (especially Joel Kovel), Marxists, green localists (including Caroline Lucas, Mike Woodin and Vandana Shiva) and anarchists (particularly Michael Hardt and Toni Negri). It includes a foreword by Nándor Tánczos, the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand MP. <mask> has written for the left-wing magazine Red Pepper and is an advisory editor of Socialist Resistance.He has also published articles in academic journals such as Environmental Politics, Social Movement Studies and Capitalism Nature Socialism. Later political activism

<mask> was also a prominent figure opposing the organisational changes by the group known as Green 2000 along with Penny Kemp and John Norris. Organising a faction within the Green Party known as the Association of Socialist Greens, this left grouping was accused by pragmatists such as Mallen Baker as being

masks: Wall Wall


title: Derek Wall

texts:
 responsible for ensuring the party was "going knowhere fast". <mask> is an eco-socialist and anti-capitalist who believes that "an infinitely growing capitalist economy destroys nature, fuels injustice and leads to an alienated way of life". He describes Green politics as "the politics of survival", stressing that "unless we build a green economy based on meeting need rather than greed our children face a bleak future". Distinguishing between socially-oriented development and capitalist growth, <mask> asserts that there is "no contradiction between development and ecology," while, on the other hand, there is "a contradiction between capitalist economic growth and human lifeand the life of all other species." He adds that "a world dominated by the need for constant growth puts people and the rest nature behind a blind economic system of accumulation."He is a founder member of the Green Left, an anti-capitalist and eco-socialist faction within the Green Party, which held its first meeting in June 2006. His critique of Green Party politics is that ambition tends to dilute policy, reduce democracy and lead to failure. He says of the Green 2000 project to modernise the executive structures and reduce the number of Principal Speakers to two:
"The right around the Green 2000 faction wanted to make us into a mainstream party with mass appeal, ditch the radicalism, re-engineer the Party constitution and centralise power. We fought them. I remember Sara Parkin talking to the Independent about 'socialist parasites' i.e. myself and Penny Kemp who had been members nearly as long as her. They won and then imploded, when the Party received just a couple of percentage at the 1992 General Election.When the 'realists' believe in achieving a Westminster Parliamentary government by 2000 (thus Green 2000), give me fundamentalism." <mask> has continued to be an out-spoken member of the Green Party, particularly on the issue of entering into alliances with other parties. He was given a vote of censure by the Green Party Association of Green Councillors

masks: Wall Wall Wall


title: Derek Wall

texts:
 (AGC) when he made comments concerning the alliance between Green Party, Conservative and Liberal Democrat councillors on the Leeds City Council; he stated in Red Pepper magazine that, "While I understand that repellent Labour councils may be the only substitute for alliances with Liberal Democrats and Conservatives, the fall in our Leeds West vote suggests that voters were displeased by a perceived shift to the right by Yorkshire Greens". At the 2005 general election, <mask> stood as a candidate for Windsor and received 2.5% of the votes. In November 2005, he was beaten by Keith Taylor in the election to be the Male Principal Speaker of the Green Party, by 851 votes to 803. He was narrowly elected as one of two Principal Speakers of the Green Party of England and Wales in November 2006, alongside Siân Berry. In 2007 he was re-elected as Male Principal Speaker alongside Caroline Lucas, elected to the post of Female Principal Speaker.The position of principal speaker was the closest role to that of leader within the Green Party until 2008. He was prominent in the Green Empowerment group that campaigned against the creation of a single leader and deputy leader instead of the Principal Speaker system. He attacked the proposal for a referendum in Swansea:
I find the title "leader" embarrassing: it is so patronising, assuming a bunch of people have to be "led", the shepherd label that assumes the members are sheep. <mask>'s critique centred on the link between the structure of leadership and ambition of the party; and the likelihood that a Leader coupled with ambition would be part of a project to move the party to the "right":

Political parties universally tend to attract those addicted to fame and careerism. ... Clearly, the biggest barrier to green electoral victory is the lack of proportional representation. Greens have been elected around the world in countries with PR. ...The fear is that a leader will shift the party to the right, cutting the Greens' radical edge. ... The call for a single leader would compromise the party's


title: Derek Wall

texts:
 commitment to radical democracy. It also suggests a failure to think about strategy in any real sense. The fear is that it could be part of a more extensive shift towards a new green politics of shallow environmentalism, rather than a thorough critique of an unequal, profit-motivated society. He also linked the idea of a leadership structure directly to abuse of power. His September 2007 keynote speech took up this theme:
what is power?You can't touch it or taste it. Sometimes I think you can smell it, like wealth or sewage, and if it is piled up in one place it stinks like rotten cod. For it to smell sweet, we need to spread it around. For power to be creative, we need to spread it around. Collecting power in one place is like collecting money in a mega billion bank account, the work of a miser, a misery, a self obsessed fanatic. Green politics is about giving everyone power. At times, personal attacks surfaced in <mask>'s comments in the debate.Replying to a Guardian letter from Jonathon Porritt and others supporting leadership, <mask> drew parallels with Porritt's own behaviour as a green 'leader':
Jonathon Porritt's call for the Green Party to select a single leader is flawed. Rather than suggesting the Green Party becomes a little more like the conventional top down political parties, Jonathon could show a little more personal leadership. Last year he took 42 flight clocking up air miles to go to meetings to tell people to cut CO2. I am calling on Jonathon to use video conferencing a little more and to fly a little less. In the subsequent party-wide referendum, 73% of members polled voted to create a single leader. <mask> said of the result, "The result of this referendum challenges the Party to create a leadership structure that is true to green ideals. It has put our future leaders on notice that the membership expects a more focused, more effective party, with a leadership team that is truly accountable to the membership in a real and effective manner".Nevertheless, in 2010 he declared himself a candidate for the post of