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<mask> (; born <mask>; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American pianist and composer, whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres. Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue (1924) and An American in Paris (1928), the songs "Swanee" (1919) and "Fascinating Rhythm" (1924), the jazz standards "Embraceable You" (1928) and "I Got Rhythm" (1930), and the opera Porgy and Bess (1935), which included the hit "Summertime". <mask> studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark, Henry Cowell, and Joseph Brody. He began his career as a song plugger but soon started composing Broadway theater works with his brother <mask> and with Buddy DeSylva. He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger, but she refused him, afraid that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style; Maurice Ravel voiced similar objections when <mask> inquired on studying with him. He subsequently composed An American in Paris, returned to New York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and DuBose Heyward. Initially a commercial failure, it came to be considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century and an American cultural classic.<mask> moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores. He died in 1937 of a malignant brain tumor. His compositions have been adapted for use in film and television, with several becoming jazz standards recorded and covered in many variations. Biography

Ancestors
Gershwin was of Russian-Jewish ancestry. His grandfather, Jakov Gershowitz, was born in Odessa and had

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 served for 25 years as a mechanic for the Imperial Russian Army to earn the right of free travel and residence as a Jew, finally retiring near Saint Petersburg. His teenage son Moishe worked as a leather cutter for women's shoes. Moishe Gershowitz met and fell in love with Roza Bruskina, the teenage daughter of a furrier in Vilnius.She and her family moved to New York because of increasing anti-Jewish sentiment in Russia, changing her first name to Rose. Moishe, faced with compulsory military service if he remained in Russia, moved to America as soon as he could afford to. Once in New York, he changed his first name to Morris. Gershowitz lived with a maternal uncle in Brooklyn, working as a foreman in a women's shoe factory. He married Rose on July 21, 1895, and Gershowitz soon Anglicized his name to <mask>. Their first child, <mask>, was born on December 6, 1896, after which the family moved into a second-floor apartment at 242 Snediker Avenue in the East New York neighborhood of Brooklyn. Early life
On September 26, 1898, <mask> was born in the Snediker Avenue apartment.His birth certificate identifies him as <mask>, with the surname pronounced 'Gersh-vin' in the Russian and Yiddish immigrant community. He was named after his grandfather, and, contrary to the American practice, had no middle name. He soon became known as <mask>, and changed the spelling of his surname to '<mask>' around the time he became a professional musician; other family members followed suit. After Ira and <mask>, another boy, <mask> (1900–1981), and a girl, <mask> (1906–1999), were born into the family. The family lived in

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texts: many different residences, as their father changed dwellings with each new enterprise in which he became involved. They grew up mostly in the Yiddish Theater District. <mask> and Ira frequented the local Yiddish theaters, with <mask> occasionally appearing onstage as an extra.<mask> lived a boyhood not unusual in New York tenements, which included running around with his friends, roller-skating and misbehaving in the streets. Until 1908, he cared nothing about music. Then, as a ten-year-old, he was intrigued upon hearing his friend Maxie Rosenzweig's violin recital. The sound, and the way his friend played, captivated him. At about the same time, <mask>'s parents had bought a piano for his older brother Ira. To his parents' surprise, though, and to Ira's relief, it was <mask> who spent more time playing it as he continued to enjoy it. Although his younger sister Frances was the first in the family to make a living through her musical talents, she married young and devoted herself to being a mother and housewife, thus precluding spending any serious time on musical endeavors.Having given up her performing career, she settled upon painting as a creative outlet, which had also been a hobby <mask> briefly pursued. <mask> followed in the paths of <mask> and Ira, also becoming a composer of songs, musicals, and short piano works. With a degree of frustration, <mask> tried various piano teachers for about two years (circa 1911) before finally being introduced to Charles Hambitzer by Jack Miller (circa 1913), the pianist in the Beethoven Symphony Orchestra. Until his death in 1918, Hambitzer remained

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 <mask>'s musical mentor, taught him conventional piano technique, introduced him to music of the European classical tradition, and encouraged him to attend orchestral concerts. Tin Pan Alley and Broadway, 1913–1923

In 1913, <mask> left school at the age of 15 to work as a "song plugger" on New York City's Tin Pan Alley. He earned $15 a week for Jerome H. Remick and Company, a Detroit-based publishing firm with a branch office in New York. His first published song was "When You Want 'Em, You Can't Get 'Em, When You've Got 'Em, You Don't Want 'Em" in 1916.It earned the 17-year-old 50 cents. In 1916, Gershwin started working for Aeolian Company and Standard Music Rolls in New York, recording and arranging. He produced dozens, if not hundreds, of rolls under his own and assumed names (pseudonyms attributed to Gershwin include Fred Murtha and Bert Wynn). He also recorded rolls of his own compositions for the Duo-Art and Welte-Mignon reproducing pianos. As well as recording piano rolls, Gershwin made a brief foray into vaudeville, accompanying both Nora Bayes and Louise Dresser on the piano. His 1917 novelty ragtime, "Rialto Ripples", was a commercial success. In 1919 he scored his first big national hit with his song "Swanee", with words by Irving Caesar.Al Jolson, a Broadway star and former minstrel singer, heard <mask> perform "Swanee" at a party and decided to sing it in one of his shows. In the late 1910s, Gershwin met songwriter and music director William Daly. The two collaborated on the Broadway musicals Piccadilly to Broadway (1920) and For Goodness' Sake (1922), and jointly composed the score

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 for Our Nell (1923). This was the beginning of a long friendship. Daly was a frequent arranger, orchestrator and conductor of <mask>'s music, and Gershwin periodically turned to him for musical advice. Musical, Europe and classical music, 1924–1928

In 1924, <mask> composed his first major work, Rhapsody in Blue, for orchestra and piano. It was orchestrated by Ferde Grofé and premiered by Paul Whiteman's Concert Band, in New York.It subsequently went on to be his most popular work, and established <mask>'s signature style and genius in blending vastly different musical styles, including jazz and classical, in revolutionary ways. Since the early 1920s Gershwin had frequently worked with the lyricist Buddy DeSylva. Together they created the experimental one-act jazz opera Blue Monday, set in Harlem. It is widely regarded as a forerunner to the groundbreaking Porgy and Bess introduced in 1935. In 1924, <mask> and <mask> collaborated on a stage musical comedy Lady Be Good, which included such future standards as "Fascinating Rhythm" and "Oh, Lady Be Good!". They followed this with Oh, Kay! (1926), Funny Face (1927) and Strike Up the Band (1927 and 1930).Gershwin allowed the song, with a modified title, to be used as a football fight song, "Strike Up The Band for UCLA". In the mid-1920s, Gershwin stayed in Paris for a short period, during which he applied to study composition with the noted Nadia Boulanger, who, along with several other prospective tutors such as Maurice Ravel, turned him down, afraid that rigorous classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. Maurice Ravel's rejection letter to

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 Gershwin told him, "Why become a second-rate Ravel when you're already a first-rate Gershwin?" While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. This work received mixed reviews upon its first performance at Carnegie Hall on December 13, 1928, but it quickly became part of the standard repertoire in Europe and the United States. New York, 1929–1935
In 1929, the <mask> brothers created Show Girl; the following year brought Girl Crazy, which introduced the standards "Embraceable You", sung by Ginger Rogers, and "I Got Rhythm". 1931's Of Thee I Sing became the first musical comedy to win the Pulitzer Prize for Drama; the winners were <mask>. Kaufman, Morrie Ryskind, and <mask>.<mask> spent the summer of 1934 on Folly Island in South Carolina after he was invited to visit by the author of the novel Porgy, DuBose Heyward. He was inspired to write the music to his opera Porgy and Bess while on this working vacation. Porgy and Bess was considered another American classic by the composer of Rhapsody in Blue — even if critics could not quite figure out how to evaluate it, or decide whether it was opera or simply an ambitious Broadway musical. "It crossed the barriers," per theater historian Robert Kimball. "It wasn't a musical work per se, and it wasn't a drama per se – it elicited response from both music and drama critics. But the work has sort of always been outside category." Last years, 1936–37
After the commercial failure of Porgy and Bess, Gershwin moved to Hollywood, California.In 1936, he was commissioned by RKO Pictures to write the music for the film Shall We Dance, starring Fred Astaire and Ginger

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 Rogers. <mask>'s extended score, which would marry ballet with jazz in a new way, runs over an hour. It took Gershwin several months to compose and orchestrate. <mask> had a ten-year affair with composer Kay Swift, whom he frequently consulted about his music. The two never married, although she eventually divorced her husband James Warburg in order to commit to the relationship. Swift's granddaughter, Katharine Weber, has suggested that the pair were not married because <mask>'s mother Rose was "unhappy that Kay Swift wasn't Jewish". The Gershwins' 1926 musical Oh, Kay was named for her.After <mask>'s death, Swift arranged some of his music, transcribed several of his recordings, and collaborated with his brother Ira on several projects. Illness and death
Early in 1937, Gershwin began to complain of blinding headaches and a recurring impression that he smelled burning rubber. On February 11, 1937, he performed his Piano Concerto in F in a special concert of his music with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra under the direction of French maestro Pierre Monteux. <mask>, normally a superb pianist in his own compositions, suffered coordination problems and blackouts during the performance. He was at the time working on other Hollywood film projects while living with Ira and his wife Leonore in their rented house in Beverly Hills. Leonore <mask> began to be disturbed by <mask>'s mood swings and his seeming inability to eat without spilling food at the dinner table. She suspected mental illness and insisted he be moved out of their house to lyricist Yip Harburg's empty quarters nearby, where he was

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texts: placed in the care of his valet, Paul Mueller.The headaches and olfactory hallucinations continued. On the night of July 9, 1937, <mask> collapsed in Harburg's house, where he had been working on the score of The Goldwyn Follies. He was rushed to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Los Angeles, and fell into a coma. Only then did his doctors come to believe that he was suffering from a brain tumor. Leonore called <mask>'s close friend Emil Mosbacher and explained the dire need to find a neurosurgeon. Mosbacher immediately called pioneering neurosurgeon Harvey Cushing in Boston, who, retired for several years by then, recommended Dr. Walter Dandy, who was on a boat fishing in Chesapeake Bay with the governor of Maryland. Mosbacher called the White House and had a Coast Guard cutter sent to find the governor's yacht and bring Dandy quickly to shore.Mosbacher then chartered a plane and flew Dandy to Newark Airport, where he was to catch a plane to Los Angeles; by that time, <mask>'s condition was critical and the need for surgery was immediate. In the early hours of July 11, 1937, doctors at Cedars removed a large brain tumor, believed to have been a glioblastoma, but <mask> died that morning at the age of 38. The fact that he had suddenly collapsed and become comatose after he stood up on July 9 has been interpreted as brain herniation with Duret haemorrhages. <mask>'s friends and followers were shocked and devastated. John O'Hara remarked: "<mask> died on July 11, 1937, but I don't have to believe it if I don't want to." He was interred at Westchester Hills Cemetery in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. A

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 memorial concert was held at the Hollywood Bowl on September 8, 1937, at which Otto Klemperer conducted his own orchestration of the second of <mask>'s Three Preludes.Musical style and influence

<mask> was influenced by French composers of the early twentieth century. In turn Maurice Ravel was impressed with Gershwin's abilities, commenting, "Personally I find jazz most interesting: the rhythms, the way the melodies are handled, the melodies themselves. I have heard of <mask>'s works and I find them intriguing." The orchestrations in <mask>'s symphonic works often seem similar to those of Ravel; likewise, Ravel's two piano concertos evince an influence of <mask>. <mask> asked to study with Ravel. When Ravel heard how much Gershwin earned, Ravel replied with words to the effect of, "You should give me lessons." (Some versions of this story feature Igor Stravinsky rather than Ravel as the composer; however Stravinsky confirmed that he originally heard the story from Ravel.)<mask>'s own Concerto in F was criticized for being related to the work of Claude Debussy, more so than to the expected jazz style. The comparison did not deter him from continuing to explore French styles. The title of An American in Paris reflects the very journey that he had consciously taken as a composer: "The opening part will be developed in typical French style, in the manner of Debussy and Les Six, though the tunes are original." <mask> was intrigued by the works of Alban Berg, Dmitri Shostakovich, Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, and Arnold Schoenberg. He also asked Schoenberg for composition lessons. Schoenberg refused,

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texts: saying "I would only make you a bad Schoenberg, and you're such a good Gershwin already." (This quote is similar to one credited to Maurice Ravel during <mask>'s 1928 visit to France – "Why be a second-rate Ravel, when you are a first-rate Gershwin?")<mask> was particularly impressed by the music of Berg, who gave him a score of the Lyric Suite. He attended the American premiere of Wozzeck, conducted by Leopold Stokowski in 1931, and was "thrilled and deeply impressed". Russian Joseph Schillinger's influence as Gershwin's teacher of composition (1932–1936) was substantial in providing him with a method of composition. There has been some disagreement about the nature of Schillinger's influence on <mask>. After the posthumous success of Porgy and Bess, Schillinger claimed he had a large and direct influence in overseeing the creation of the opera; Ira completely denied that his brother had any such assistance for this work. A third account of <mask>'s musical relationship with his teacher was written by <mask>'s close friend Vernon Duke, also a Schillinger student, in an article for the Musical Quarterly in 1947. What set Gershwin apart was his ability to manipulate forms of music into his own unique voice.He took the jazz he discovered on Tin Pan Alley into the mainstream by splicing its rhythms and tonality with that of the popular songs of his era. Although <mask> would seldom make grand statements about his music, he believed that "true music must reflect the thought and aspirations of the people and time. My people are Americans. My time is today." In 2007, the Library of Congress named its Prize

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 for Popular Song after <mask> and <mask>. Recognizing the profound and positive effect of popular music on culture, the prize is given annually to a composer or performer whose lifetime contributions exemplify the standard of excellence associated with the Gershwins. On March 1, 2007, the first Gershwin Prize was awarded to Paul Simon.Recordings and film
Early in his career, under both his own name and pseudonyms, Gershwin recorded more than one hundred and forty player piano rolls which were a main source of his income. The majority were popular music of the period and a smaller proportion were of his own works. Once his musical theatre-writing income became substantial, his regular roll-recording career became superfluous. He did record additional rolls throughout the 1920s of his main hits for the Aeolian Company's reproducing piano, including a complete version of his Rhapsody in Blue. Compared to the piano rolls, there are few accessible audio recordings of <mask>'s playing. His first recording was his own "Swanee" with the Fred Van Eps Trio in 1919. The recorded balance highlights the banjo playing of Van Eps, and the piano is overshadowed.The recording took place before "Swanee" became famous as an Al Jolson specialty in early 1920. <mask> recorded an abridged version of Rhapsody in Blue with Paul Whiteman and his orchestra for the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1924, soon after the world premiere. <mask> and the same orchestra made an electrical recording of the abridged version for Victor in 1927. However, a dispute in the studio over interpretation angered Whiteman and he walked out on

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texts: the session. Victor's staff conductor and arranger Nathaniel Shilkret led the orchestra, though Whiteman is still credited as conductor on the original record labels. <mask> made a number of solo piano recordings of tunes from his musicals, some including the vocals of Fred and Adele Astaire, as well as his Three Preludes for piano. In 1929, <mask> "supervised" the world premiere recording of An American in Paris with Nathaniel Shilkret and the Victor Symphony Orchestra.<mask>'s role in the recording was rather limited, particularly because Shilkret was conducting and had his own ideas about the music. When it was realized that no one had been hired to play the brief celeste solo, <mask> was asked if he could and would play the instrument, and he agreed. <mask> can be heard, rather briefly, on the recording during the slow section. <mask> appeared on several radio programs, including Rudy Vallee's, and played some of his compositions. This included the third movement of the Concerto in F with Vallee conducting the studio orchestra. Some of these performances were preserved on transcription discs and have been released on LP and CD. In 1934, in an effort to earn money to finance his planned folk opera, <mask> hosted his own radio program titled Music by Gershwin.The show was broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from February to May and again in September through the final show on December 23, 1934. He presented his own work as well as the work of other composers. Recordings from this and other radio broadcasts include his Variations on I Got Rhythm, portions of the Concerto in F, and numerous songs from

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texts: his musical comedies. He also recorded a run-through of his Second Rhapsody, conducting the orchestra and playing the piano solos. Gershwin recorded excerpts from Porgy and Bess with members of the original cast, conducting the orchestra from the keyboard; he even announced the selections and the names of the performers. In 1935, RCA Victor asked him to supervise recordings of highlights from Porgy and Bess; these were his last recordings. A 74-second newsreel film clip of Gershwin playing I Got Rhythm has survived, filmed at the opening of the Manhattan Theater (now The Ed Sullivan Theater) in August 1931.There are also silent home movies of Gershwin, some of them shot on Kodachrome color film stock, which have been featured in tributes to the composer. In addition, there is newsreel footage of Gershwin playing "Mademoiselle from New Rochelle" and "Strike Up the Band" on the piano during a Broadway rehearsal of the 1930 production of Strike Up the Band. In the mid-30s, "Strike Up The Band" was given to UCLA to be used as a football fight song, "Strike Up The Band for UCLA". The comedy team of Clark and McCullough are seen conversing with Gershwin, then singing as he plays. In 1945, the film biography Rhapsody in Blue was made, starring Robert Alda as <mask>. The film contains many factual errors about <mask>'s life, but also features many examples of his music, including an almost complete performance of Rhapsody in Blue. In 1965, Movietone Records released an album MTM 1009 featuring <mask>'s piano rolls of the titled <mask> plays RHAPSODY IN BLUE and his other favorite compositions.The B-side of

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texts: the LP featured nine other recordings. In 1975, Columbia Records released an album featuring <mask>'s piano rolls of Rhapsody In Blue, accompanied by the Columbia Jazz Band playing the original jazz band accompaniment, conducted by Michael Tilson Thomas. The B-side of the Columbia Masterworks release features Tilson Thomas leading the New York Philharmonic in An American In Paris. In 1976, RCA Records, as part of its "Victrola Americana" line, released a collection of Gershwin recordings taken from 78s recorded in the 1920s and called the LP Gershwin plays Gershwin, Historic First Recordings (RCA Victrola AVM1-1740). Included were recordings of Rhapsody in Blue with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra and <mask> on piano; An American in Paris, from 1927 with Gershwin on celesta; and Three Preludes, "Clap Yo' Hands" and Someone to Watch Over Me", among others. There are a total of ten recordings on the album. At the opening ceremony of the 1984 Olympic Games in Los Angeles, Rhapsody in Blue was performed in spectacular fashion by many pianists.The soundtrack to Woody Allen's 1979 film Manhattan is composed entirely of Gershwin's compositions, including Rhapsody in Blue, "Love is Sweeping the Country", and "But Not for Me", performed by both the New York Philharmonic under Zubin Mehta and the Buffalo Philharmonic under Michael Tilson Thomas. The film begins with a monologue by Allen, in the role of a writer, describing a character in his book: "He adored New York City ... To him, no matter what the season was, this was still a town that existed in black and white and pulsated to the great tunes of <mask>." In

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 1993, two audio CDs featuring piano rolls recorded by Gershwin were issued by Nonesuch Records through the efforts of Artis Wodehouse, and entitled Gershwin Plays Gershwin: The Piano Rolls. In October 2009, it was reported by Rolling Stone that Brian Wilson was completing two unfinished compositions by <mask>, released as Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin on August 17, 2010, consisting of ten <mask> and Ira Gershwin songs, bookended by passages from Rhapsody in Blue, with two new songs completed from unfinished Gershwin fragments by Wilson and band member Scott Bennett. Compositions

 Orchestral
 Rhapsody in Blue for piano and orchestra (1924)
 Concerto in F for piano and orchestra (1925)
 An American in Paris for orchestra (1928)
 Dream Sequence/The Melting Pot for chorus and orchestra (1931)
 Second Rhapsody for piano and orchestra (1931), originally titled Rhapsody in Rivets
 Cuban Overture for orchestra (1932), originally entitled Rumba
 March from "Strike Up the Band" for orchestra (1934)
 Variations on "I Got Rhythm" for piano and orchestra (1934)
 Catfish Row for orchestra (1936), a suite based on music from Porgy and Bess
 Shall We Dance (1937), a movie score feature-length ballet
Solo piano
 Three Preludes (1926)
 <mask> Gershwin's Song-book (1932), solo piano arrangements of 18 songs
Operas
Blue Monday (1922), one-act opera
Porgy and Bess (1935) at the Colonial Theatre in Boston
London musicals
 Primrose (1924)
Broadway musicals
 <mask> White's Scandals (1920–1924), featuring, at one point, the 1922 one-act opera Blue Monday
 Lady, Be Good (1924)
 Tip-Toes (1925)
 Tell Me More! (1925)
 Oh,

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 Union, based on its life-plus-70-years rule, and in the U.S. on January 1, 2020, on Gershwin's pre-1925 work. In 2005, The Guardian determined using "estimates of earnings accrued in a composer's lifetime" that <mask> was the wealthiest composer of all time. The <mask> and Ira Gershwin Collection, much of which was donated by Ira and the Gershwin family estates, resides at the Library of Congress. In September 2013, a partnership between the estates of Ira and <mask> and the University of Michigan was created and will provide the university's School of Music, Theatre, and Dance access to <mask>'s entire body of work, which includes all of <mask>'s papers, compositional drafts, and scores. This direct access to all of his works provides opportunities to musicians, composers, and scholars to analyze and reinterpret his work with the goal of accurately reflecting the composers' vision in order to preserve his legacy.The first fascicles of The Gershwin Critical Edition, edited by Mark Clague, are expected in 2017; they will cover the 1924 jazz band version of Rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris and Porgy and Bess. Awards and honors
In 1937, <mask> received his sole Academy Award nomination for Best Original Song at the 1937 Oscars for "They Can't Take That Away from Me", written with his brother Ira for the 1937 film Shall We Dance. The nomination was posthumous; <mask> died two months after the film's release. In 1985, the Congressional Gold Medal was awarded to <mask> and <mask>. Only three other songwriters, <mask>. Cohan, Harry Chapin, and Irving Berlin, have received this award. In 1998 a special

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 Pulitzer Prize was posthumously awarded to Gershwin "commemorating the centennial year of his birth, for his distinguished and enduring contributions to American music." The <mask> and Ira Gershwin Lifetime Musical Achievement Award was established by UCLA to honor the brothers for their contribution to music and for their gift to UCLA of the fight song "Strike Up the Band for UCLA".In 2006, <mask> was inducted into the Long Island Music Hall of Fame. Namesakes
The Gershwin Theatre on Broadway is named after <mask> and Ira. The Gershwin Hotel in the Flatiron District of Manhattan in New York City was named after <mask> and Ira. In Brooklyn, <mask>hwin Junior High School 166 is named after him. One of Holland America Line's ships, MS Koningsdam, has a Gershwin Deck (Deck 5)
The Library of Congress Gershwin Prize for Popular Song

Biopic
The 1945 biographical film Rhapsody in Blue starred Robert Alda as <mask> Felder has produced a one-man show with him portraying <mask> Alone, which has played over 3,000 performances and was winner of two 2007 Ovation Awards. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Felder launched a global live-streaming Hershey Felder Presents: Live from Florence featuring a performance of "Hershey Felder as <mask> Alone" in September 2020.Paul Rudd portrays an imaginary friend based on <mask>, said to be his creator's favorite composer, in the 2015 series finale of the Irish sitcom Moone Boy, "Gershwin's Bucket List". See also
 List of covers of Time magazine (1920s)

References

Citations

 Kimball, Robert & Alfred Simon. The Gershwins (1973), Athenium, New York,

 Rimler,

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title: George Gershwin

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 Walter. A Gershwin Companion (1991), Popular Culture
 Rimler, <mask> <mask> : An Intimate Portrait (2009), University of Illinois Press,
 Sloop, Gregory. "What Caused <mask>'s Untimely Death?" Journal of Medical Biography 9 (February 2001): 28–30

Further reading
 Alpert, Hollis. The Life and Times of Porgy and Bess: The Story of an American Classic (1991).Nick Hern Books. Feinstein, Michael. Nice Work If You Can Get It: My Life in Rhythm and Rhyme (1995), Hyperion Books. Jablonski, Edward. Gershwin Remembered (2003). Amadeus Press. Rosenberg, Deena Ruth.Fascinating Rhythm: The Collaboration of <mask> and <mask> (1991). University of Michigan Press
 Sheed, Wilfred. The House That George Built: With a Little Help from Irving, Cole, and a Crew of About Fifty (2007). Random House. Suriano, Gregory R. (Editor). <mask> in His Time: A Biographical Scrapbook, 1919–1937 (1998). Diane Pub Co.
 Weber, Katharine."The Memory Of All That: <mask>, Kay Swift, and My Family's Legacy of Infidelities" (2011). Crown Publishers, Inc./Broadway Books
 Wyatt, Robert and John Andrew Johnson (Editors). The George Gershwin Reader (2004). Oxford University Press. Historiography
 Carnovale, Norbert. <mask>: a Bio-Bibliography (2000. ) Greenwood

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title: Declan Bennett

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<mask> (born 20 March 1981) is an English singer-songwriter, actor and playwright. He gained prominence as a member of the band Point Break, before going on to perform on London's West End and as a solo musician. Onscreen, he is known for his roles as Charlie Cotton in the soap opera EastEnders and Jonathan Roberts in the ITV series The Long Call. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Coventry and has an older brother Kieran. Like his EastEnders character, <mask> is of Irish descent; his mother Rose is from Westmeath, and his paternal grandparents are from Dublin and Wexford. <mask> attended Christ the King Primary School in Coundon and then Cardinal Newman Catholic School and Community College. Career

Early ventures
As a teenager, <mask> performed with the Belgrade Youth Theatre and the Coventry Youth Operetta Group (YOG) Coventry, including appearances in Willy Russell's Our Day Out in September 1996, and in Boy Band, which featured a number of his own compositions.He also performed with the National Youth Music Theatre, in The Kissing-Dance 1999. Music
In May 1999, <mask> was one of nine teenagers chosen to sing live on the ITV morning TV show This Morning in a feature that put together a boy band. Following his appearance, he was contacted in the studio by another band, Point Break, which featured Brett Adams and David 'Ollie' Oliver from UK children's TV programme Byker Grove, who were signed to Warner Music, and who were looking for a new member. The band released five singles, four of which made the UK top 20, and an album, which was number one in three countries in South east Asia, including Japan, and made the UK top 40. <mask> left the band in December 2000. In January 2005, <mask> released his first solo album The Painters Ball under the pseudonym Sumladfromcov on his own record label Covboy Records. This was followed by a limited-edition EP The Kitchen in May 2006.Now performing as a singer-songwriter under his own name, in March 2007, <mask> released a five-track iTunes-only EP 10 Nelson Road. His second full-length album, entitled An Innocent Evening Of

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 Drinking, was released on 14 April 2008. An iTunes-only single "Therapy" packaged with two remixes (Olivia's Mix and New York Live Studio Mix) was released in the USA on 27 April 2009, in the rest of the world on 23 March 2009. On 31 January 2010, <mask> performed on the Grammy Awards with Green Day as a cast member of American Idiot the musical. The rock opera opened on Broadway on 20 April 2010 and ran until 24 April 2011. <mask> was a member of the ensemble, understudying and performing the roles of Will and Rock and Roll Boyfriend. <mask> released the album record:BREAKUP on 25 April 2011 in New York.His album, a live and acoustic version of record:BREAKUP was released on Monday 19 August 2013. Theatre
In January 2002, <mask> was given the part of Guru Dazzle in Boy George's West End show Taboo, which received four Olivier Award nominations and he later took over one of the lead roles, Billy, playing alongside Matt Lucas, Boy George, and Julian Clary among others until the show closed in London in April 2003. <mask> also played the role of Billy in the UK tour of the show from December 2003 to 2004. In September 2006, <mask> took over the role of Roger Davis in the American national tour of Broadway rock opera Rent. He completed a nine-month tour of the United States from September 2006 to May 2007. He reprised the role on Broadway from October 2007 until May 2008. In 2013, <mask> premiered the romantic lead Guy in the West End production of Once opposite Zrinka Cvitešić as Girl at the Phoenix Theatre in London.In March 2016, it was announced <mask> would star in the titular role of Jesus Christ Superstar at the Open Air Theatre Regents Park. In 2019, he starred in The View UpStairs playing the role of Dale at the Soho Theatre, in London from 18 July to 24 August. In June 2021 it was announced <mask> would be starring as Billy Bigelow in the Regents Park Open Air Theatre summer production of “Carousel”. This acclaimed show ran from 31 July 2021 to 25 September 2021. <mask> created the one-man show Boy Out the City. It had its work-in-progress showcase in early 2021 before

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 premiering the full thing at the Westival Music + Arts Festival in Westport, Ireland that 24 October, followed by a London premiere at the Turbine Theatre on 9 November. Television and film
After a number of small film and television roles, on 22 January 2014, it was announced <mask> would join the cast of EastEnders as Charlie Cotton, the long-lost grandson of  Dot Branning (June Brown).EastEnders executive producer, Dominic Treadwell-Collins, questioned whether Charlie (named after Charlie Cotton) would be "kind" like his grandmother or "evil" like his father Nick Cotton (John Altman). <mask> first appeared on 10 March 2014. In 2015, it was revealed <mask> would exit the series. During his time, he had married Ronnie Mitchell (Samantha Womack), gotten in a car accident, had an affair with Ronnie's sister Roxy Mitchell (Rita Simons) and impersonated a cop. On 5 April 2017, it was confirmed that <mask> would reprise his EastEnders role for the forthcoming season after months of speculation. His first episode back aired on 5 May 2017. <mask> starred opposite Ben Aldridge in the 2021 adaptation of The Long Call on ITV and BritBox.Personal life
<mask> is gay. He lived in New York and London for a number of years before moving out to rural Oxfordshire. Discography
With Point Break

Solo releases

References

External links

Reviews of Our Day Out on Willy Russell's Official-Unofficial website
Article on Boy Band on website CWN News & Information for Coventry & Warwickshire
Article and reviews about The Kissing-Dance on the composer's official site
Theatre's webpage about Taboo London production
Official <mask> website

1981 births
Living people
English male singer-songwriters
English pop singers
English male soap opera actors
English male stage actors
English gay actors
English gay writers
English gay musicians
LGBT composers
LGBT musicians from England
LGBT producers
LGBT singers from the United Kingdom
LGBT songwriters
People from Coventry
English people of Irish descent
21st-century English singers
21st-century British male singers
20th-century LGBT people
21st-century LGBT

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title: Emma Thompson

texts: <mask>  (born 15 April 1959) is a British actress and screenwriter. Described as one of the best actresses of her generation, she has received various accolades throughout her career spanning four decades, including two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two British Academy Film Awards, a British Academy Television Award, and a Primetime Emmy Award. Born in London to English actor <mask> and Scottish actress Phyllida Law, <mask> was educated at Newnham College, University of Cambridge, where she became a member of the Footlights troupe, and appeared in the comedy sketch series Alfresco (1983–84) alongside Hugh Laurie, Stephen Fry and Robbie Coltrane. In 1987, she came to prominence for her performances in two BBC TV series, Tutti Frutti and Fortunes of War, winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in both series. In the early 1990s, she often collaborated with then-husband, actor and director Kenneth Branagh, in films such as Henry V (1989), Dead Again (1991), Peter's Friends (1992) and Much Ado About Nothing (1993). In 1992, <mask> won an Academy Award and a British Academy Film Award for Best Actress for her performance in the Merchant-Ivory period drama Howards End. In 1993, she received dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer, becoming the eighth performer in history to be nominated for two acting Oscars in the same year.In 1995, <mask> scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility, for which she earned numerous awards, including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay—which makes her the only person in

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texts:
 history to win Academy Awards for both acting and writing—and a second BAFTA Award for Best Actress. In 2013, she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of author P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks. Other notable film credits include the Harry Potter film series (2004–2011), Primary Colors (1998), Wit (2001), Love Actually (2003), Angels in America (2003), Nanny McPhee (2005), Stranger than Fiction (2006), Last Chance Harvey (2008), An Education (2009), Men in Black 3 (2012) and the spin-off Men in Black: International (2019), Brave (2012), Beauty and the Beast (2017), Late Night (2019), and Cruella (2021). She has also starred in the BBC/HBO series Years and Years (2019). Early life
<mask> was born in London on 15 April 1959. Her mother is the Scottish actress Phyllida Law, while her English father, <mask>, was involved in theatre, and was the writer–narrator of the popular children's television series The Magic Roundabout. Her godfather was the director and writer Ronald Eyre.She has one sister, <mask>, who also works as an actress. The family lived in West Hampstead in north London, and <mask> was educated at Camden School for Girls. She spent much time in Scotland during her childhood and often visited Ardentinny, where her grandparents and uncle lived. In her youth, <mask> was intrigued by language and literature, a trait which she attributes to her father, who shared her love of words. After successfully taking A levels in English, French and Latin, and securing a scholarship, she began studying for an English degree at Newnham College, Cambridge, arriving in 1977. <mask> believes that it was inevitable that she

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texts: would become an actress, commenting that she was "surrounded by creative people and I don't think it would ever have gone any other way, really". While there, she had a "seminal moment" that turned her to feminism and inspired her to take up performing.She explained in an interview in 2007 how she discovered the book The Madwoman in the Attic, "which is about Victorian female writers and the disguises they took on in order to express what they wanted to express. That completely changed my life." She became a self-professed "punk rocker", with short red hair and a motorbike, and aspired to be a comedian like Lily Tomlin. At Cambridge, <mask> was invited into the Cambridge Footlights, the university's prestigious sketch comedy troupe, by its president, Martin Bergman, becoming its first female member. Also in the troupe were fellow actors Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, and she had a romantic relationship with the latter. Fry recalled that "there was no doubt that <mask> was going the distance. Our nickname for her was <mask> Talented."In 1980, <mask> served as the Vice President of Footlights, and co-directed the troupe's first all-female revue, Woman's Hour. The following year, <mask> and her Footlights team won the Perrier Award at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe for their sketch show The Cellar Tapes. <mask> graduated with upper second-class honours. In 1982, <mask>'s father died aged 52. The actress has commented that this "tore [the family] to pieces", and "I can't begin to tell you how much I regret his not being around". She added, "At the same time, it's possible that were he still alive I might never have had the space or courage to do what

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 I've done ... I have a definite feeling of inheriting space.And power." Career

Early work and breakthrough (1982–1989)
<mask> had her first professional role in 1982, touring in a stage version of Not the Nine O'Clock News. She then turned to television, where much of her early work came with her Footlights co-stars Hugh Laurie and Stephen Fry. The regional ITV comedy series  There's Nothing To Worry About! (1982) was their first outing, followed by the one-off BBC show The Crystal Cube (1983). There's Nothing to Worry About! later returned as the networked sketch show Alfresco (1983–84), which ran for two series with <mask>, Fry, Laurie, Ben Elton, and Robbie Coltrane.She later collaborated again with Fry and Laurie on the acclaimed BBC Radio 4 series Saturday Night Fry (1988). In 1985, <mask> was cast in the West End revival of the musical Me and My Girl, co-starring Robert Lindsay. It provided a breakthrough in her career, as the production earned rave reviews. She played the role of Sally Smith for 15 months, which exhausted her: she later remarked "I thought if I did the fucking "Lambeth Walk" one more time I was going to fucking throw up." At the end of 1985, she wrote and starred in her own one-off special for Channel 4, <mask>: Up for Grabs. <mask> achieved another breakthrough in 1987, when she had leading roles in two television miniseries: Fortunes of War, a World War II drama co-starring Kenneth Branagh, and Tutti Frutti, a dark-comedy about a Scottish rock band with Robbie Coltrane. For these performances, <mask> won the British Academy Television Award for Best Actress.The following year, she wrote and starred in her own sketch

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 comedy series for BBC, <mask>, but this was poorly received. In 1989, she and Branagh—who had formed a romantic relationship—starred in a stage revival of Look Back in Anger, directed by Judi Dench and produced by Branagh's Renaissance Theatre Company. Later that year, the pair starred in a televised version of the play. <mask>'s first cinema appearance came in the romantic comedy The Tall Guy (1989), the feature-film debut from screenwriter Richard Curtis. It starred Jeff Goldblum as a West End actor, and <mask> played the nurse with whom he falls in love. The film was not widely seen, but <mask>'s performance was praised in The New York Times, where Caryn James called her "an exceptionally versatile comic actress". She next turned to Shakespeare, appearing as Princess Katherine in Branagh's screen adaptation of Henry V (1989).The film was released to great critical acclaim. Howards End and critical success (1990–1993)
<mask> and Branagh are considered by American writer and critic James Monaco to have led the "British cinematic onslaught" in the 1990s. She continued to experiment with Shakespeare in the new decade, appearing with Branagh in his stage productions of A Midsummer Night's Dream and King Lear. Reviewing the latter, the Chicago Tribune praised her "extraordinary" performance of the "hobbling, stooped hunchback Fool". <mask> returned to cinema in 1991, playing a "frivolous aristocrat" in Impromptu with Judy Davis and Hugh Grant. and <mask> was nominated for Best Supporting Female at the Independent Spirit Awards. Her second release of 1991 was another pairing with Branagh, who also directed, in the Los Angeles-based noir Dead

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texts: Again.She played a woman who has forgotten her identity. Early in 1992, <mask> had a guest role in an episode of Cheers as Frasier Crane's first wife. A turning point in <mask>'s career came when she was cast opposite Anthony Hopkins and Vanessa Redgrave in the Merchant Ivory period drama Howards End (1992), based on the novel by E. M. Forster. The film explored the social class system in Edwardian England, with <mask> playing an idealistic, intellectual, forward-looking woman who comes into association with a privileged and deeply conservative family. She actively pursued the role by writing to director James Ivory, who agreed to an audition and then gave her the part. According to the critic Vincent Canby, the film allowed <mask> to "[come] into her own", away from Branagh. Upon release, Roger Ebert wrote that she was "superb in the central role: quiet, ironic, observant, with steel inside".Howards End was widely praised, a "surprise hit", and received nine Academy Award nominations. Among its three wins was the Best Actress trophy for <mask>, who was also awarded a Golden Globe and BAFTA for her performance. Reflecting on the role, The New York Times writes that the actress "found herself an international success almost overnight". For her next two films, <mask> returned to working with Branagh. In Peter's Friends (1992), the pair starred with Stephen Fry, Hugh Laurie, Imelda Staunton, and Tony Slattery as a group of Cambridge alumni who are reunited ten years after graduating. The comedy was positively reviewed, and Desson Howe of The Washington Post wrote that <mask> was its highlight: "Even as a rather one-dimensional character, she


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texts: exudes grace and an adroit sense of comic tragedy." She followed this with Branagh's screen version of Much Ado About Nothing (1993).The couple starred as Beatrice and Benedick, alongside a cast that also included Denzel Washington, Keanu Reeves, and Michael Keaton. <mask> was widely praised for the on-screen chemistry with Branagh and the natural ease with which she played the role marking another critical success for <mask>. Her performance earned a nomination for Best Female Lead at the Independent Spirit Awards. <mask> reunited with Merchant–Ivory and Anthony Hopkins to film The Remains of the Day (1993), a film which has been described as a "classic" and the production team's definitive film. Based on Kazuo Ishiguro's novel about a housekeeper and butler in interwar Britain, the story is acclaimed for its study of loneliness and repression, though <mask> was particularly interested in looking at "the deformity that servitude inflicts upon people", since her grandmother had worked as a servant and made many sacrifices. She has named the film as one of the greatest experiences of her career, considering it to be a "masterpiece of withheld emotion". The Remains of the Day was a critical and commercial success, receiving eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture and a second Best Actress nod for <mask>.Along with her Best Actress nomination at the 66th Academy Awards, <mask> was also nominated in the Best Supporting Actress category, making her the eighth performer in history to be nominated for two Oscars in the same year. It came for her role as the lawyer Gareth Peirce in In the Name of the Father (1993), a drama about the Guildford

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 Four starring Daniel Day-Lewis. The film was her second hit of the year, earning $65million and critical praise, and was nominated for Best Picture along with The Remains of the Day. Sense and Sensibility and worldwide recognition (1994–1999)
In 1994, <mask> made her Hollywood debut playing a goofy doctor alongside Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito in the blockbuster Junior. Although the male pregnancy storyline was poorly received by most critics and flopped at the box office, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle praised the lead trio. She returned to independent cinema for a lead role in Carrington, which studied the platonic relationship between artist Dora Carrington and writer Lytton Strachey (played by Jonathan Pryce). Roger Ebert remarked that <mask> had "developed a specialty in unrequited love", and the TV Guide Film & Video Companion commented that her "neurasthenic mannerisms, which usually drive us batty, are appropriate here".<mask>'s Academy success continued with Sense and Sensibility (1995), generally considered to be the most popular and authentic of the numerous film adaptations of Jane Austen's novels made in the 1990s. <mask>—a lifelong lover of Austen's work—was hired to write the film based on the period sketches in her series <mask>. She spent five years developing the screenplay, and took the role of the spinster sister Elinor Dashwood despite, aged 35, being 16 years older than the literary character. Directed by Ang Lee and co-starring Kate Winslet, Sense and Sensibility received widespread critical acclaim and ranks among the highest-grossing films of <mask>'s career. Shelly Frome remarked that she


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texts: displayed a "great affinity for Jane Austen's style and wit", and Graham Fuller of Sight and Sound saw her as the film's auteur. <mask> received a third nomination for Best Actress and won the award for Best Adapted Screenplay, making her the only person in history to win an Oscar for both acting and screenwriting. She also earned a second BAFTA Award for Best Actress and a Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay.<mask> was absent from screens in 1996, but returned the following year with Alan Rickman's directorial debut, The Winter Guest. Set over one day in a Scottish seaside village, the drama allowed <mask> and her mother (Phyllida Law) to play mother and daughter on screen. She then returned to America to appear in an episode of Ellen, and her self-parodying performance received a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series. For her second Hollywood role, <mask> starred with John Travolta in Mike Nichols's Primary Colors (1998), playing a couple based on Bill and Hillary Clinton. <mask>'s character, Susan, is described as that of an "ambitious, long-suffering wife" who has to deal with her husband's infidelity. The film was critically well received but lost money at the box office. According to Kevin O'Sullivan of the Daily Mirror, Americans were "blown away" by her performance and accent, and top Hollywood producers became increasingly interested in casting her.<mask> rejected many of the offers, expressing concerns about living in Los Angeles behind walls with bodyguards, and stated "LA is lovely as long as you know you can leave". She also admitted to feeling tired and jaded with the industry at this point,


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 which influenced her decision to leave film for a year. <mask> followed Primary Colors by playing an FBI agent opposite Rickman in the poorly received thriller Judas Kiss (1998). Established actress and continued screen work (2000–2011)

When she became a mother in 1999, <mask> made a conscious decision to reduce her workload, and in the following years many of her appearances were supporting roles. She was not seen on screen again until 2000, with only a small part in the British comedy Maybe Baby, which she appeared in as a favour to its director, her friend Ben Elton. For the HBO television film Wit (2001), however, <mask> happily took the lead role in what she felt was "one of the best scripts to have come out of America". Adapted from Margaret Edson's Pulitzer Prize winning play, it focuses on a self-sufficient Harvard University professor who finds her values challenged when she is diagnosed with ovarian cancer.<mask> was instrumental in bringing Mike Nichols to direct the project, and the pair spent months in rehearsal to get the complex character right. She was greatly drawn to the "daredevil" role, for which she had no qualms about shaving her head. Reviewing the performance, Roger Ebert was touched by "the way she struggles with every ounce of her humanity to keep her self-respect", and in 2008 he called it <mask>'s finest work. Caryn James of The New York Times also described it as "one of her most brilliant performances", adding "we seem to be peering into a soul as embattled as its body." The film earned <mask> nominations at the Golden Globes, Emmys and Screen Actors Guild Awards. <mask>'s only credit of 2002 was a voice role in


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texts: Disney's Treasure Planet, an adaptation of Treasure Island, where she voiced Captain Amelia. The animation earned far less than its large budget and was considered a "box office disaster".This failure was countered the following year by one of <mask>'s biggest commercial successes, Richard Curtis's romantic comedy Love Actually. As part of an ensemble cast that included Liam Neeson, Keira Knightley, and Colin Firth, she played a middle-class wife who suspects her husband (played by Alan Rickman) of infidelity. The scene in which her stalwart character breaks down was described by one critic as "the best crying on screen ever", and in 2013, <mask> mentioned that she gets commended for this role more than any other. She explained, "I've had so much bloody practice at crying in a bedroom then having to go out and be cheerful, gathering up the pieces of my heart and putting them in a drawer." Her performance received a BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actress. <mask> continued with supporting roles in the 2003 drama Imagining Argentina, where she played a dissident-journalist abducted by the country's 1970s dictatorial regime. Antonio Banderas played the husband who tries to find her, in a film that most critics disliked.The film was booed and jeered at when it was screened at the Venice Film Festival and received a scathing article in The Guardian. <mask> had greater success that year when she worked with HBO for a second time in the acclaimed miniseries Angels in America (2003). The show, also starring Al Pacino and Meryl Streep, deals with the AIDS epidemic in Reagan-era America. <mask> played three roles – a nurse, a homeless woman, and the

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texts: title role of The Angel of America – and was again nominated for an Emmy Award. In 2004, she played the eccentric Divination teacher Sybill Trelawney in the third Harry Potter film, Prisoner of Azkaban, her character described as a "hippy chick professor who teaches fortune-telling". She later reprised the role in Order of the Phoenix (2007) and Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011), and has described her time working on the popular franchise as "great fun". The year 2005 saw the release of a project <mask> had been working on for nine years.Loosely based on the Nurse Matilda stories that she read as a child, <mask> wrote the screenplay for the children's film Nanny McPhee – which centres on a mysterious, unsightly nanny who must discipline a group of children. She also took the lead role, alongside Colin Firth and Angela Lansbury, in what was a highly personal project. The film was a success, taking number one at the UK box office and earning $122million worldwide. Commenting on <mask>'s screenplay, film critic Claudia Puig wrote that its "well-worn storybook features are woven effectively into an appealing tale of youthful empowerment". The following year, <mask> appeared in the surreal American comedy–drama Stranger than Fiction, playing a novelist whose latest character (played by Will Ferrell) is a real person who hears her narration in his head. Reviews for the film were generally favourable. Following a brief, uncredited role in the post-apocalyptic blockbuster I Am Legend (2007), <mask> played the devoutly Catholic Lady Marchmain in a 2008 film adaptation of Brideshead Revisited.Critics were unenthusiastic about the film, but several picked


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 <mask> out as its highlight. Mark Kermode said "<mask> is to some extent becoming the new Judi Dench, as the person who kind of comes in for 15 minutes and is brilliant ... [but then] when she goes away, the rest of the movie has a real problem living up to the wattage of her presence". <mask> was further acclaimed for her work in the London-based romance Last Chance Harvey (2008), where she and Dustin Hoffman played a lonely, middle-aged pair who cautiously begin a relationship. Critics praised the chemistry between the two leads, and both received Golden Globe nominations for their performances. <mask>'s two 2009 films were both set in 1960s England, and in both she made cameo appearances: as a headmistress in the critically praised drama An Education and as a "tippling mother" in Richard Curtis's The Boat That Rocked. Five years after the original, <mask> reprised the role of Nanny McPhee with 2010's Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang. Her screenplay transported the story to Britain during World War II.Building on the first film's success, it was another UK box office number one and the sequel was widely seen as an improvement. The same year, <mask> reunited with Alan Rickman for the BBC television film The Song of Lunch, which focused on two unnamed characters meeting at a restaurant 15 years after ending their relationship. <mask>'s performance earned her a fourth Emmy Award nomination. Career expansion and blockbuster films (2012–present)
In 2012, <mask> made a rare appearance in a big-budget Hollywood film when she played the head Agent in Men in Black 3 – a continuation of the sci-fi comedy franchise starring Will Smith, Tommy Lee Jones, and

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texts: Josh Brolin. With a worldwide gross of $624million, MIB3 ranks as <mask>'s highest-grossing release outside of the Harry Potter films. This mainstream success continued with the Pixar film Brave, in which <mask> voiced Elinor – the Scottish queen despairing at her daughter's defiance against tradition. It was her second consecutive blockbuster release, and critics were generally kind to the film.Also in 2012, <mask> played Queen Elizabeth II in an episode of Playhouse Presents, which dramatised an incident in 1982 when an intruder broke into the Queen's bedroom. Her first film of 2013 was the fantasy romance Beautiful Creatures, in which she played an evil mother. The film aimed to capitalise on the success of The Twilight Saga, but was poorly reviewed and a box office disappointment. Film critic Peter Travers was critical of <mask>'s performance and "outrageously awful Southern accent", and feared "the damage this crock may do to [her] reputation". Saving Mr. Banks, which depicted the making of Mary Poppins, starred <mask> in a leading role as P. L. Travers, the curmudgeonly author of the source novel, alongside Tom Hanks as Walt Disney. Her performance, in contrast to her widely panned appearance in Beautiful Creatures, was received enthusiastically, with one journalist writing "<mask> is back, firing on all cylinders." She found it to be the best script she had read in years and was delighted to be offered the role.She considered it the most challenging of her career because she had "never really played anyone quite so contradictory or difficult before", but found the inconsistent and complicated character "a blissful joy to embody". The

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texts: film was well-received, grossed $112million worldwide, and <mask>'s performance garnered critical acclaim. The review in The Independent expressed thanks that her "playing of Travers is so deft that we instantly warm to her, and forgive her her snobbery", while Total Films critic felt that <mask> brought depth to the "predictable" film with "her best performance in years". <mask> was nominated for Best Actress at the BAFTAs, SAGs and Golden Globes, and was awarded the Lead Actress trophy from the National Board of Review. Meryl Streep, her co-star in Angels in America, admitted to being "shocked" at <mask>'s failure to receive an Oscar nomination for Saving Mr. Banks. The romantic comedy The Love Punch (2013) gave <mask> her second consecutive leading role, where she played half of a divorced couple who reunite to steal the man's ex-boss's jewellery. In March 2014, she made her first stage appearance in 24 years – and her New York debut – in a Lincoln Center production of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street.She appeared in the musical for five nights, and her "playful" performance of Mrs Lovett was highly praised; the critic Kayla Epstein wrote that she "not only held her own against more experienced vocalists, but wound up running off with the show". She received her sixth Primetime Emmy Award nomination, specifically for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for the televised performance. In 2014, <mask> provided the narration for Jason Reitman's comedy-drama film, Men, Women & Children. The period drama Effie Gray, a project that she had been working on for many years, based on the true-life story of John Ruskin's


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texts: disastrous marriage, was written by <mask> but became the subject of a copyright suit before being cleared for cinemas. The American playwright Gregory Murphy said that <mask>'s screenplay was an infringement on his play and screenplay The Countess, which he claimed he had submitted to <mask> through a mutual friend in 2003 to consider the role of Elizabeth Eastlake in a proposed film of his play, and to <mask>'s husband Greg Wise through a casting director to consider the role of John Ruskin in the play's 2005 West End production. In 2008, <mask> announced that she and Wise "had written a script together about John Ruskin, the Victorian art critic, which we want to make into a film." After meeting with <mask> and her producers, Potboiler Productions, Murphy was offered a screenwriting fee and co-screenwriting credit with <mask> in settlement of his claim.This settlement offer was later abandoned by <mask>, Greg Wise and their partner Donald Rosenfeld, when their company Sovereign Films took over production of the film and instigated the suit, creating the independent entity Effie Film, LLC, spearheaded by Rosenfeld, to litigate it. In March 2013, District Court Judge Thomas P. Griesa, after allowing <mask> to submit a second revised screenplay into evidence from which Murphy claimed "some of the most troubling material" had been removed, ruled that while there were similarities, the screenplays were "quite dissimilar in their two approaches to fictionalising the same historical events". In response to Murphy's attorney's concerns that the completed film Effie Gray would not adhere to <mask>'s second revised screenplay, Judge Griesa concluded

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title: Emma Thompson

texts: his ruling by saying that <mask>'s film would not infringe Murphy's play or screenplay "only to the extent that it does not substantially deviate from the November 29, 2011 screenplay," the date of <mask>'s second revised screenplay. In May 2013, Effie Gray's Cannes Film Festival premiere was cancelled. In October 2013, the film was withdrawn from the Mill Valley Film Festival in California due to "unforeseen circumstances" according to producer Rosenfeld. In December 2013, <mask> Gray that its "time has probably passed," comparing it to another project of hers that "didn't happen either". Effie Gray was released in October 2014, to a modest reception.<mask> plays Elizabeth Eastlake and Greg Wise plays John Ruskin. They both declined to promote the film. Camilla Long, reviewing Effie Gray in The Sunday Times, wrote "nothing fits together" and "no one seems to know why they made this film. Where is <mask>'s passion and commitment, or any hint of what she intended to achieve." Manohla Dargis in her review in The New York Times called Effie Gray "The cinematic equivalent of a Brazilian wax, the movie omits much of the story's most interesting material to create something that's been smoothly denatured." <mask>'s first film of 2015 was A Walk in the Woods, a comedy adapted from the book by Bill Bryson of which she co-starred with Robert Redford and Nick Nolte. She next starred in The Legend of Barney Thomson.Her role was a 77-year-old foul-mouthed, chain-smoking, Glaswegian former prostitute, the mother of the title character. Neither film was a critical success, although the latter received some positive reviews and Empire magazine wrote that

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompsonie Thompson Thompson Thompson


title: Emma Thompson

texts: Thomson was "unforgettable". Later that year, she had a supporting role in the restaurant-based film Burnt. In 2016, she starred in the World War II-drama Alone in Berlin, based on the story of Otto and Elise Hampel. She also co-wrote the screenplay for Bridget Jones's Baby and appeared in the film as a doctor. In 2017, <mask> appeared in a supporting role as Mrs. Potts (originally voiced by Angela Lansbury in the 1991 animated film) in Disney's live-action adaptation of Beauty and the Beast, directed by Bill Condon and starring her Harry Potter co-star <mask> in the leading role of Belle, alongside Dan Stevens as the Beast. The film received positive reviews and grossed $1.2billion worldwide, making it the highest-grossing live-action musical film, the second highest-grossing film of 2017, and the 17th highest-grossing film of all time.She also had a supporting role as a hippy in the Noah Baumbach-directed dramedy The Meyerowitz Stories, which premiered at the Cannes Film Festival to critical acclaim. She followed it with a starring role in the film The Children Act, a drama about a family who refuse cancer treatment for their son based on religious beliefs. She had a cameo role as Queen Elizabeth I in the 2017 Christmas special of the BBC sitcom Upstart Crow. In 2018, she provided the voiceover for Greenpeace's palm-oil awareness commercial which Iceland (supermarket) picked to promote as their 2018 Christmas advertisement. The commercial was rejected by the advertising organisation Clearcast due to Greenpeace's alleged involvement in politics, thus violating their code of conduct. Also that year, she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of

masks:
Thompson
Emma Watson


title: Emma Thompson

texts: the British Empire (DBE) in the 2018 Birthday Honours for services to drama. In 2019, <mask> starred in a leading role in Late Night, which was written by Mindy Kaling (who also co-starred in that film) and featured her as a popular television host who hires a new writer to keep the show from getting replaced.The film received positive reviews, with <mask> being singled out for praise, and Owen Gleiberman of Variety remarked that "<mask> truly seems like a born talk-show host. Even when she's just riffing, she grounds Late Night in something real." For her performance, <mask> was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical (her third nomination in that category) at the 77th Golden Globe Awards. In the same year, she voiced as the Yeti Elder in the stop-motion animated film Missing Link, reprised her role as Agent O in a more substantial part in Men in Black: International, and co-produced and co-starred alongside Emilia Clarke and Henry Golding in the festive romantic comedy Last Christmas, which was based on the song of the same name by George Michael, and was written by <mask>, her husband Greg Wise, and Bryony Kimmings. In 2021, <mask> starred opposite <mask> as the titular protagonist villain in Cruella, a Disney live-action spin-off/reboot of One Hundred and One Dalmatians, directed by Craig Gillespie, which was released on 28 May 2021 to positive reviews and has grossed $233million worldwide against its $100million budget. She won praise from critics for the role of the Baroness with Alonso Duralde from The Wrap writing, "<mask> sinking every last tooth into a role that’s half Miranda Priestly

masks:
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Emma Stone
Thompson


title: Emma Thompson

texts:
 and half Reynolds Woodcock." Upcoming projects
<mask> will star in the comedy-drama Good Luck to You, Leo Grande, written by Katy Brand and directed by Sophie Hyde.She is set to play Miss Trunchbull in the film adaptation of Matilda the Musical, which in turn is based on the novel of the same name by Roald Dahl. It is set to be directed by Matthew Warchus, with a script written by Dennis Kelly and songs composed by Tim Minchin. She will also be starring alongside Lily James and Sajal Aly in the romantic comedy What's Love Got to Do With It?. Reception and acting style

<mask> is regarded as one of the finest actresses of her generation and one of Britain's most recognisable actresses, held in high regard within Hollywood. Early in her career, when she was closely associated with her first husband Kenneth Branagh, she was considered a "luvvy". The public warmed to her after the separation, and she became one of the key actresses of the 1990s. Her status has continued to grow; in 2008, journalist Sarah Sands stated that <mask> has improved with age and experience, and Mark Kermode said of her performances, "There is something about her which is — you just trust her.You just think 'I'm in proper hands here.' ... She's up there with the great, I mean really great, British female performers". <mask> is particularly known for playing reticent women, and Sands describes her as "the best actress of our times on suffering borne with poignant dignity". According to Kate Kellaway of The Guardian, she specialises in playing "a good woman in a frock". She also plays many haughty characters, with a "bracing, nanny-like demeanour", but she is noted for her

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


title: Emma Thompson

texts:
 ability to win the empathy of audiences. <mask> belongs to a group of highly decorated British actresses including Judi Dench, Kate Winslet and Helena Bonham Carter who are known for appearing in "heritage films" and typically showing "restraint, rendering emotions through intellect rather than feelings, and a sense of irony, which demonstrates the heroine's superior understanding". Projecting a typically "British image", <mask>'s often dogmatic and tight-jawed manner has also been compared to that of Maggie Smith.With a background in comedy, <mask>'s performances are typically delivered with an ironic touch. Ang Lee, director of Sense and Sensibility, stated that <mask>'s comedic approach may be her greatest asset as an actress, remarking, "<mask> is an extremely funny lady. Like Austen, she's laughing at her own culture while she's a part of it." <mask> has stated that the "most moving things are often also funny, in life and in art" which is present in her film work. She often brings her real personality to her roles, and Kellaway believes that her lack of conventional beauty contributes to her likeability as an actress. Writing
In 2012, <mask> wrote The Further Tale of Peter Rabbit as an addition to the Peter Rabbit series by Beatrix Potter to commemorate the 110th anniversary of the publication of The Tale of Peter Rabbit. She was approached by the publishers to write it, the first authorised Peter story since 1930 and the only one not written by Potter.The book falls in the middle of the earlier series, rather than at the end, and takes Peter Rabbit outside of Mr. McGregor's garden and into Scotland. It was a New York Times Best Seller.

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Emma Thompson Thompson


title: Emma Thompson

texts:
 In 2013, <mask> wrote a second book in the series titled The Christmas Tale of Peter Rabbit. In 2018, <mask> said she would like to write about "what it's like being human now". Personal life

<mask> has stated that she feels Scottish saying, "not only because I am half Scottish but also because I've spent half my life [in Scotland]". She frequently returns to Scotland and visits Dunoon in Argyll and Bute. She owns a home nearby, on the shore of Loch Eck.<mask>'s first husband was actor and director Kenneth Branagh, whom she met in 1987 while filming the television series Fortunes of War. They married in 1989 and proceeded to appear in several films together, with Branagh often casting her in his own productions. Dubbed a "golden couple" by the British press, their relationship received substantial media coverage. The pair attempted to keep the relationship private, refusing to be interviewed or photographed together. In September 1995, <mask> and Branagh announced their separation; they cited their work schedules as the reason, but it later emerged that he was having an affair with actress Helena Bonham Carter. <mask> was living alone as the relationship with Branagh deteriorated, and became depressed. While filming Sense and Sensibility in 1995, she began a relationship with her co-star Greg Wise.Commenting on how she was able to overcome her depression, she told BBC Radio 4, "Work saved me and Greg saved me. He picked up the pieces and put them together again." The couple have a daughter, Gaia, a pregnancy achieved via in vitro fertilisation when <mask> was 39. In 2003, <mask> and Wise were married in Dunoon. The family's permanent residence

masks: Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson Thompson


title: Emma Thompson

texts:
 is in West Hampstead, London, on the same road as her childhood home. Also in 2003, <mask> and her husband informally adopted a Rwandan orphan and former child soldier named Tindyebwa Agaba. They met at a Refugee Council event when he was 16, and she invited him to spend Christmas at their home."Slowly", <mask> has commented, "he became a sort of permanent fixture, came on holiday to Scotland with us, became part of the family." Agaba became a British citizen in 2009. On 28 February 2020, <mask> and her husband were sworn in as honorary citizens of Venice, Italy and became legal residents of Italy as a result. The couple had previously purchased a house in the city and indicated their intention to relocate to Italy permanently. They retain a home in West Hampstead, London. Views and activism
<mask> has said of her religious views:

She is politically liberal and a supporter of the Labour Party; she told the BBC Andrew Marr Show in 2010 that she had been a member of the party "all my life". <mask> endorsed Jeremy Corbyn's campaign in both the 2015 and 2016 Labour Party leadership elections.She has also expressed support for the Women's Equality Party. <mask> has been a campaigner since her youth. Since becoming a public figure she has regularly voiced her views and been involved in many issues, prompting criticism that she is overly outspoken. In 2010, The Daily Telegraph ran an article headlined, "<mask>: a national treasure or Britain's most annoying woman?" She has justified her assertiveness by saying, "[W]hat I feel is that we all need to speak up and a woman who has got a louder voice needs to shout very loudly indeed." She is particularly

masks:
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Thompson
Emma Thompson


title: Emma Thompson

texts: active in human rights work. As an ambassador for the charity ActionAid she has travelled to Uganda, Mozambique, Ethiopia, Liberia, Burma and South Africa.She is chair of the Helen Bamber Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture, a patron of the Refugee Council, and has a therapy room in her office for traumatised refugees. <mask> is also an activist for Palestinians, having been a member of the British-based ENOUGH! coalition that seeks to end the "Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip and West Bank". She is a patron of the Elton John AIDS Foundation, and in 2009 Time magazine named her a "European Hero" in recognition of "her work to highlight the plight of AIDS sufferers in Africa". <mask> is also an active environmentalist. She is a supporter of Greenpeace, and in January 2009, as part of her campaign against climate change, she and three other members of the organisation bought land near the village of Sipson to deter the building of a third runway for Heathrow Airport. In August 2014, <mask> and her daughter, Gaia, went on a Greenpeace "Save the Arctic" expedition to raise awareness of the dangers of drilling for oil.She narrated The Real News Network's The Doubt Machine: Inside the Koch Brothers' War on Climate Science, a documentary short about Koch Industries and its efforts to discredit climate research. The film was released on 31 October 2016. In 2019, she supported the London Extinction Rebellion rally against climate change, although she received some criticism for having flown  to attend it. She is also an ambassador for the Galapagos Conservation Trust. In 2010, <mask> criticised people who use "sloppy language." Speaking


title: George Styles (British Army officer)

texts:
Lieutenant Colonel <mask>, GC (16 March 1928 – 1 August 2006), usually known as <mask>, was a British Army officer and a bomb disposal expert in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC). He received the George Cross for his service in defusing terrorist bombs in Northern Ireland in the 1970s. Early life
<mask> was born in Crawley, where his father was a bricklayer. He was educated at Collyers Grammar School, Horsham (aka College of Richard Collyer). He was called for national service in 1946, and, after officer cadet training, received an emergency commission as a second lieutenant and was posted to the central ammunition depot at Kineton. Army career
On 31 December 1948, <mask> received a short-service commission in the RAOC. He was granted a regular commission on 18 May 1949 and was retroactively promoted to lieutenant with effect from 16 March; he was subsequently seconded to the King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry He served with the 1st Battalion as a temporary captain in the Malayan Emergency and was mentioned in dispatches.Promoted to the substantive rank of captain on 5 May 1955, he studied at the Royal Military College of Science, obtaining an engineering degree. He returned to Malaya, commanding the 28th Commonwealth Brigade Ordnance Field Park Regiment, based at Taiping, then served with the 1st British Corps of the British Army of the Rhine in Germany. Promoted to major on 16 March 1962, he was posted to Northern Ireland in 1969. In 1971, he was a major in the RAOC, serving as deputy assistant director of ordnance services and senior ammunition technical officer in Northern Ireland and commanding the Explosive Ordnance and Disposal Team. <mask>
On 20 October 1971, one month after a bomb killed one of his colleagues at Castlerobin, County Antrim, <mask> was called to defuse a similar bomb left in a telephone booth in the bar of the oft-bombed Europa Hotel in Belfast, the

masks:
Stephen George Styles
George Styles
Styles
Styles
George Cross
Styles


title: George Styles (British Army officer)

texts:
 main hotel used by journalists posted to Northern Ireland to report on the Troubles. From a sample of the IED in question, <mask> knew that the box containing the explosive would be booby-trapped, with micro switches at the top or bottom which would set off the bomb if the container was tilted or the lid removed, aiming to kill the bomb disposal experts. He built a mock-up of the bomb to work out his method.X-rays showed that the bomb contained approximately 15 lb of explosives. He and two colleagues, Alan Clouter and Captain Roger Mendham, took seven hours to disable its electrical circuits, after which the explosive was hauled onto the pavement outside the hotel and destroyed in a controlled explosion. Two days later, he was recalled to the same hotel to deal with a second bomb, this time containing 40 lb of explosives. Extra wiring, micro switches, and many redundant circuits had been added to confuse the bomb disposal experts. The second bomb took nine hours to disarm. In all, <mask> and his team defused more than 1,000 bombs. It was announced on 11 January 1972 that <mask> had been awarded the George Cross.The citation for the award was printed in the London Gazette on 10 January 1972, reading:

{{blockquote|
St. James's Palace, London S.W.I,
11h January 1972. The QUEEN has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the George Cross to the undermentioned:
Major <mask> STYLES (383996) Royal Army Ordnance Corps.As Senior Ammunition Technical Officer, Northern Ireland, Major <mask> was responsible for the supervision of the Explosive Ordnance Disposal teams in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps deployed to deal with the ever-increasing number of explosive devices used in the terrorist campaign. On 20 October 1971, Major <mask> was called to assist with a device of an apparently new design placed in a public telephone kiosk in Belfast's comparatively new, and largest, hotel,

masks:
Styles
Styles
Styles
Stephen George
Styles
Styles


title: George Styles (British Army officer)

texts: the Europa. Major <mask> immediately went to the scene and, having ensured that the military and police had secured the area and evacuation of personnel had also been effected, took charge of the operation of neutralising, removing and dismantling the bomb. Investigation revealed that the bomb was of a new and complicated construction with anti-handling devices' to defeat attempts to disarm it. Until the electrical circuit had been neutralised, the slightest movement could have set it off. The device contained between 10 and 15 Ibs of explosive and could have caused instant death as well as extensive damage.No-one was more aware of the destructive capability of the bomb than Major <mask>, yet he placed himself at great personal risk to minimise the danger to his team, to confirm the success of each stage of the operation, and to ensure the practicability of the next stage. The whole operation took seven hours to plan and execute and was completely successful. Two days later he was again called to the same hotel where a second bomb had been laid by armed terrorists. This bomb was found to be an even larger device with a charge of over 30 Ibs of explosive, anti-handling devices, and a confusion of electrical circuits; it was clearly intended to defeat disarming techniques and to kill the operator trying to neutralise it. Major <mask> again immediately took charge of the situation and successfully disarmed, removed and dismantled the bomb, this time after 9 hours' intense and dangerous work. As a result of his courageous and dedicated resolution, two determined and ingenious attempts by terrorists against life and property were defeated, and technical information was obtained which will help to save the lives of operators faced with such devices in future. Throughout each operation Major <mask> displayed a calm resolution in control, a degree of technical skill and personal

masks: Styles Styles Styles Styles


title: George Styles (British Army officer)

texts:
 bravery in circumstances of extreme danger far beyond that of the call of duty.His work was an outstanding inspiration and example, particularly to others engaged in this dangerous type of work.}} He received his medal from Queen Elizabeth II at an investiture at Buckingham Palace two months later, on 28 March 1972. The uniform he wore while defusing bombs in Northern Ireland is on display at the Imperial War Museum. After leaving Northern Ireland in 1972, <mask> was promoted to lieutenant colonel on 30 June 1973. He became chief ammunition technical officer, with responsibility for all RAOC bomb disposal teams in the UK and overseas. Retirement and post-army career
<mask> retired from the army on 16 October 1974, and became an adviser for various companies on anti-terrorist techniques. He wrote Bombs Have No Pity in 1975.He was featured in the Thames Television programme, Death on the Rock'', in 1988, in which he commented on various aspects of a counter-terrorism operation in Gibraltar in which three PIRA members had been killed earlier that year. Personal life
<mask> married Mary Rose Woolgar in 1952; the couple had a son and two daughters. He enjoyed rifle and game shooting, and collected rare cartridges. <mask> died on 1 August 2006, and is buried with his parents at Snell Hatch Cemetery, Crawley, West Sussex. Footnotes

References
Obituary, The Times, 2 August 2006
Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 3 August 2006
Obituary, The Independent, 12 August 2006
Obituary, The Guardian, 16 August 2006
 Death on the Rock on Google Video

1928 births
2006 deaths
People from Crawley
People educated at The College of Richard Collyer
Royal Army Ordnance Corps officers
Bomb disposal personnel
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
British military personnel of The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
British recipients of the George Cross
Place of death missing
Military personnel from


title: Yajnavalkya

texts:
Yajnavalkya or Yagyavlkya (, ) is a Hindu Vedic sage figuring in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad (c. 700 BCE). Yajnavalkya proposes and debates metaphysical questions about the nature of existence, consciousness and impermanence, and expounds the epistemic doctrine of neti neti ("not this, not this") to discover the universal Self and Ātman. Texts attributed to him include the Yajnavalkya Smriti, Yoga Yajnavalkya and some texts of the Vedanta school. He is also mentioned in various Brahmanas and Aranyakas. Setting
The Brihadaranyaka Upanishad is dated at c. 700 BCE,. Staal notes that though the name Yajnavalkya is derived from yajna, which connotes ritual, Yajnavalkya is referred to as "a thinker, not a ritualist". Yājñavalkya was the pupil of Uddālaka Āruṇi, whom he defeated in debate.In the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, a set of dialogues portrays Yajnavalkya as having two wives, one Maitreyi who challenges Yajnavalkya with philosophical questions like a scholarly wife; the other Katyayani who is silent but mentioned as a housewife. While <mask> and Katyayani lived in contented domesticity, Maitreyi studied metaphysics and engaged in theological dialogues with her husband in addition to "making self-inquiries of introspection". In contrast to the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, the epic Mahabharata states Maitreyi is a young beauty who is an Advaita scholar but never marries. The figure of Yajnavalkya is considered by Scharfstein as one of the earliest philosophers in recorded history. Yajnavalkya is credited by Witzel for coining the term Advaita (non-duality of Atman and Brahman). The ideas attributed to him for renunciation of worldly attachments have been important to Hindu sannyasa


title: Roark Gourley

texts:
<mask> is an American painter, sculptor, and mixed media artist in Laguna Beach, California noted for wall sculptures that depict humorous subject matter. In 1992, the Smithsonian's Museum of Natural History commissioned Spaghetti Meets Tomato in the Collision of the Continental Plates, a high relief map of the world with depictions of various foods making up the topography and borders of countries. <mask> was born in Lynwood, California. He received his art training at Orange Coast College, The Art Institute of Southern California Laguna Beach and the University of Colorado where he studied electronic optics, physics, holography, and photography. Roark specializes in 2.5 dimensional wall sculptures made from wood, resin, and acrylic, often depicting humorous scenarios: pets that match sofas, an out of control executive with 4 arms, chefs cooking up a storm and other whimsical subject matter including, hearts, martinis, shoes, and coffee cups. He ran The Sherwood Gallery in Laguna Beach from 1979 to 1988. In the 1980s Roark created several 2.5 dimensional pieces for Warner Bros. depicting their characters in humorous scenarios, including his Daffy Executive and Golfer Taz.In addition to light-hearted work, Roark painted portraits of his friends and family . He told Dawn Pettit of Orange Coast Magazine that his most favorite pieces are the two portraits of his wife that are displayed in his Laguna Beach home. In 2007 he debuted his B-Side, a more serious body of abstract contemporary work featuring light paintings, underwater photography, and 3D Abstract sculpture printed on both traditional and nontraditional materials (plexi-glass and metal). Projects

The

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Roark Gourley
Career Roark


title: Roark Gourley

texts:
 Liquescent Project

Liquescent is becoming liquid. We come from, are made of, and consume liquid. Water is an integral part of who we are. With breakthrough footage Roark is exploring and rediscovering this underwater world.Liquescent takes you on a journey back to our essence and the aesthetic beauty within. Liquescent is a short film/documentary that showcase underwater footage of the human form in a liquid environment. By exploring the beautiful local water around Southern California, this pilot film is a treatment to promote a larger Liquescent film. It brings awareness of site specific local water’s beauty and need to preserve. The film is used to further funding for Liquescent II. The pilot film has been shown in local galleries, museums, hotels, art/film festivals, on the internet, and on local television to a broad audience. Liquescent captures the link between our world’s water and humanity, ultimately transcending them as one.With the use of modern media techniques, <mask> has developed his own proprietary lighting style known as Liquescent. While this style appears at times to be out of focus Roark coins it as out of time. “Typically photography is a snapshot of reality, a split second of time. Instead what I am capturing is a window of time-continuous movement from point A to B, in a world of no gravity.”

Liquescent allows you to see what the naked eye can not- movement that is fluid, flowing, unrestricted and graceful. As the beauty unfolds the human form transcends, becoming liquid. The film will reveal this ground breaking technology as well. Liquescent Project on FaceBook

Roark Studio on FaceBook

Smithsonian Seeds of Change Exhibition

In


title: Roark Gourley

texts:
 1992 <mask> <mask> was invited to create a work of art by the heads of The Smithsonian's Natural History Museum, Herman J. Viola, and Carolyn Margolis for the upcoming "Seeds of Change" exhibit.The exhibit was to commemorate the 5th centennial of Columbus discovering the Americas. The exhibit was an attempt to interpret the true meaning of Columbus' voyage and both the negative and positive consequences that followed. The exhibit is named for five "seeds": corn, potatoes, sugar, diseases and horses that through their roles in initiating changes 500 years ago shaped the course of human history in the Americas and altered the lives of people around the world. Spaghetti Meets Tomato was commissioned by the Smithsonian Institution  to capture the biological and cultural impacts of the encounter between Old and New Worlds. <mask>'s piece was to tell the story of how the spaghetti met the tomato in a humorous way. The result was a 10'x10'x5'  high relief map of the world with depictions of various foods making up the topography and borders of countries. The Foark Tour
In 1999 Roark launched his infamous guerrilla art project, "Forks by Roark".He gathered a team of art students and planted several over-sized brightly colored forks into off-limits Laguna Beach City soil across the street from the annual Festival of the Arts. The purpose of the project he claimed was to amuse people with "giant, unauthorized floating untensils"  Not only did the project amuse, it also poked fun at the absurdities of the system. After several unauthorized "Foarking" stints in the Laguna Canyon, "Team Foark" was officially invited by several cities around the country to get "Foarked".

masks: Roark Gourley Roark


title: Roark Gourley

texts:
 The first stop was Portland, Oregon where Roark's Foarks graced the elegant grounds of the historic Pittock Mansion. A reception was hosted for the "Foark Team" at the First Avenue Gallery. Other locations included the Rhode Island School of Design. Edinburg Children's Hospital Installation
In February 2006, <mask> <mask> worked with The Edinburg Children's Hospital to create a light-hearted environment for children suffering from terminal illnesses.He worked with the hospital to create a jungle themed environment that would feel more like a play room than a hospital. References

Further reading
Pettit, Dawn "The Artists; Creative Expression is a Way of Life for these Nine Locals" Orange Coast Magazine, Sept. 2006 p. 83
Andrews, Jennifer "Take a Walk for Art's Sake" 944 Magazine, Oct. 2007 p. 35
Rodriguez, Charlene "Artist Gives Kids Joy" The Edinburg Review" May 26–28, 2006
Stauffer, Barbara "Seeds of Change" The New World Spring/Summer 1991 No.2 pp. 6–7
Saar, Mayray "Rebel Artist Takes to the Hills in Laguna" The Orange County Register, Wednesday, June 9, 1999
Hunsberger, Brent "Forks in the Road"The Oregonian, August 18, 2000
Goldner, Liz "<mask> <mask>: Artist with a Mission" OC Metro, 2003

1949 births
Living people
Sculptors from

masks: Roark Gourley Roark Gourley


title: Topher Grace

texts:
<mask> ( ; born July 12, 1978) is an American actor. He is known for portraying Eric Forman in the Fox sitcom That '70s Show, Eddie Brock / Venom in Sam Raimi's film Spider-Man 3, Pete Monash in Win a Date with Tad Hamilton!, Carter Duryea in In Good Company, Edwin in Predators, Getty in Interstellar, Adrian Yates in American Ultra, and David Duke in Spike Lee's film BlacKkKlansman. His other film roles include Traffic, Mona Lisa Smile, Valentine's Day, Take Me Home Tonight, The Big Wedding, War Machine, Breakthrough, and Irresistible. He currently stars as Tom Hayworth in the comedy series Home Economics. Early life
<mask> was born in New York City, the son of Pat, an assistant to the schoolmaster of the New Canaan Country School, and <mask>, a Madison Avenue executive. He has a sister, Jenny. His paternal grandmother was from a German-Jewish family, whereas his mother is of Irish descent.<mask> grew up in Darien, Connecticut, where actress Kate Bosworth was a middle-school friend, and actress Chloë Sevigny—who later appeared with him in high school stage plays—was sometimes his babysitter. Career
<mask> was cast as Eric Forman on Fox's That '70s Show, which debuted in 1998. He played the role until the show's 8th and final season. His character was written out and replaced with a new character named Randy Pearson (Josh Meyers). <mask> made a brief guest appearance in the final episode. <mask> played a prep school student who used marijuana and introduced his girlfriend to freebasing in director Steven Soderbergh's 2000 film Traffic, as well as having uncredited cameos as himself in Soderbergh's Ocean's Eleven and its 2004 sequel, Ocean's Twelve. "The joke is that you're supposed to play the worst version of yourself and I don't think too many people are comfortable with that.I never thought for a second that people were really going to think that's what I was like. I think

masks:
Christopher John Grace
Grace
John Grace
Grace
Grace
Grace
Grace


title: Topher Grace

texts: that people will know that I was faking it in those movies", he told Flaunt magazine in 2007. He planned to cameo in Ocean's Thirteen. However, due to his role in Spider-Man 3, he had to abandon these plans. As <mask> said, "I was doing reshoots on Spider-Man 3. I was bummed. I actually talked to Steven Soderbergh about that and we had a thing and then I couldn't do it."He appeared in director Mike Newell's 2003 film Mona Lisa Smile. In 2004, <mask> played the leading roles in Win a Date with Tad Hamilton! and In Good Company. That same year, he starred in P.S., which received only a limited theatrical release. <mask> won the National Board of Review's 2004 award for Breakthrough Performance Actor for his work in In Good Company and P.S. On January 15, 2005, <mask> hosted Saturday Night Live. In 2007, <mask> portrayed Eddie Brock/Venom in Spider-Man 3, directed by Sam Raimi.<mask> himself was a fan of the comics and read the Venom stories as a child. In 2009, <mask> became the subject of a recurring column on the entertainment/pop culture site Videogum, entitled "What's Up With Topher <mask>?" In 2010, <mask> appeared in the ensemble comedy Valentine's Day and played the character of Edwin in Predators. In 2011, <mask> appeared in the 1980s retro comedy Take Me Home Tonight. He co-wrote the script and co-produced the film. <mask> also starred opposite Richard Gere in the spy thriller The Double. In 2012, <mask> starred alongside Mary Elizabeth Winstead and Matthew Gray Gubler in the social film The Beauty Inside, which won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding New Approach to an Original Daytime Program or Series in 2013.The film was directed by Drake Doremus and written by Richard Greenberg. In 2014, <mask> starred in the indie thriller The Calling, alongside Susan Sarandon, and appeared in Christopher Nolan's sci-fi adventure Interstellar, in a supporting role. In October

masks: Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace Grace