title: Adeem Younis

texts:
<mask> (born 17 October 1980) is an English-Pakistani entrepreneur, philanthropist, and humanitarian. He is best known as founder of digital matrimony platform SingleMuslim.com and international humanitarian charity Penny Appeal. He is a founding board member of Penny Appeal USA and also helped set up Penny Appeal South Africa, Penny Appeal Canada and Penny Appeal Australia. He is a Founding Circle Member of the British Asian Trust and was listed as one of Yorkshire's leading entrepreneurs by Insider Media in their "42 under 42" list of 2019. Early life and education
<mask> was born in Wakefield, West Yorkshire on 17 October 1980. His father died when he was eight years old. He was raised by his mother and grandparents.He attended Outwood Grange School and went on to study at Wakefield College where he maintained a close relationship upon graduation. The college nominated him for an Association of Colleges Gold Award for his achievements as an outstanding alumnus of the school. In late 2018, <mask> announced that the charity he founded, Penny Appeal, had bought the Thornes Park campus in which he had studied and were transforming it into a new international headquarters for the charity. He received his bachelor's in Graphic Designing from the University of Leeds. <mask> funded his studies by founding his first business, GoWebPrint, at the age of 17 above the fast food shop where he worked part-time. He went on to help set up a restaurant in Wakefield, which was renowned for its chocolate curry, before focusing his efforts on his humanitarian work and business. Career
<mask> is the founder and CEO of world's largest Muslim digital matrimony platform, SingleMuslim.com.It has over 2 million users registered with market penetration estimated at 52% of all British Muslims aged between 16 and 60. The website was launched on 1 August 2000, and its headquarters is in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. As SingleMuslim.com's founder, <mask> has helped facilitate over 100,000 Muslim marriages. The platform was featured on the hit British Muslim romantic comedy Finding Fatimah.

masks:
Adeem Younis
Younis
Younis
Younis
Younis
Younis


title: Adeem Younis

type: original

texts:
 SingleMuslim.com is available on mobile and desktop, and has Android and iOS apps, which were rated 5 out of 5 by Dating Scout reviews. It is among the top 10 matchmaking websites across the UK. <mask> has said of his platform: "We make it very clear this is for people who are serious about getting married, and it is not some 'meet up' service... We’re not just facilitating marriages.It's a really liberating service, we help people and it’s a cornerstone to a society. Religion is bringing people together." <mask>’s memoir, Small Change, Big Difference: The Penny Appeal Story was published on the first day of Ramadan, 12 April 2021 by TSB an imprint of Can of Worms Enterprises. The book delves into the secrets and struggles behind the multi-million pound charity movement and was met by acclaim and positive reviews. Charitable activities

Penny Appeal
In 2009, <mask> founded Penny Appeal, a charitable organization working in over 52 countries and providing essential aid and welfare to those in the UK. It builds wells, orphan homes, and schools, and provides life-saving medical relief, nourishing meals and more. In the UK, Penny Appeal runs a fostering and adoption agency, funds a number of soup kitchens and food banks and supports refugee settlement.The two times Guinness World Records holding charity raised just over £100,000 in 2012. In 2017, Penny Appeal's total turnover had exceeded over £22 million. The organisation has launched a sister domestic relief programme, demonstrating their commitment to begin charity at home. The charity has helped an estimated 20 million individuals and raised over £60 million for good causes. Penny Appeal has been recognized as largest provider of orphan care in The Gambia by its president. The charity has enlisted a number of high-profile ambassadors including Amir Khan and Cat Stevens. <mask> ran the London Marathon in aid of Penny Appeal's Thirst Relief campaign in 2017, 2018 and 2019, raising tens of thousands of pounds in the process.In 2019, in celebration of the charity's ten years of operation, <mask> appointed the first ever charity ‘Kid’

masks: Younis Younis Younis Younis Younis


title: Adeem Younis

texts:
 CEO, Shakira Rahman. <mask> met Rahman at Penny Appeal's Great Muslim Pantomime tour, was inspired by her "can-do" attitude and created a special role for her to contribute to the charity from the perspective of a child. Penny Appeal has been lauded for handling challenges to the leadership and governance of the organisation. Former employees have described the organisation as having "Great culture with lots of support". The charity was shocked following allegations of abuse in one of their partner organisations working in the Gambia . Penny Appeal has since instituted a range of organisational enhancements, however has confirmed that the Government of Gambia has dropped any case related to potential allegations. Penny Ventures
<mask> is director and co-founder of Penny Ventures, which works in partnership with the James Caan Foundation.Caan and <mask> co-created Penny Ventures as an investment fund that supports budding entrepreneurs launch and grow new businesses. SalaamGiving
Created in partnership with JustGiving, SalaamGiving is an online crowdfunding platform tailored for Muslim communities. The platform was co-created by <mask> and launched in 2018. Awards and nominations
<mask> was awarded Young Director of the Year by Yorkshire's Institute of Directors. He was made an Ambassador by The Yorkshire Society owing to his success as an entrepreneur and awarded Entrepreneur of the Year at the Asian Business Awards 2017. Also in 2017, <mask> was decorated as the Natwest ‘Entrepreneur for Good’ in the 2017 Natwest Great Entrepreneurship Awards. In 2018 he received Entrepreneur of the Year award at British Muslim Awards.In the same year he received the ‘Charity Chair of the Year’ Award at the Third Sector Excellence Awards. In 2019, <mask> was awarded the 'Ummul Mu’minin Khadijah' Award for Excellence in Enterprise at the Muslim News Awards. References

External links

21st-century English businesspeople
English company founders
People from Wakefield
English people of Pakistani descent
Academics of the University of Leeds
English Muslims
1980 births
Living people
Businesspeople

masks: Younis Younis Younis Younis Younis Younis Younis


title: Ed Walsh

texts:
<mask> "<mask>" <mask> (May 14, 1881 – May 26, 1959) was an American pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball. From 1906 to 1912, he had several seasons where he was one of the best pitchers in baseball. Injuries shortened his career. <mask> holds the record for lowest career earned run average, 1.82. He is one of two modern (post-1901) pitchers to win 40 or more games in a single season, and the last pitcher to do so. He is the last pitcher from any team to throw more than 400 innings in a single season, a feat that he most recently accomplished in 1908. He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.Early life
<mask> was born in Plains Township, Pennsylvania, to Michael and <mask>. He worked in the Luzerne County coal mines when he was young. <mask> started his professional baseball career with the 1902 Meriden Silverites of the Connecticut State League. After playing the 1903 season with the Meriden Silverites and Newark Sailors of the Eastern League, the Chicago White Sox purchased <mask>'s contract for $750 ($ in today's dollars). MLB career

Peak years
<mask> made his major league debut in 1904 with the Chicago White Sox and pitched his first full season in 1906, going 17–13 with a 1.88 ERA and 171 strikeouts. In Game Three of that year's World Series, which the White Sox won over the Chicago Cubs in six games, <mask> struck out a then-World Series record 12 batters. He also struck out at least one batter each inning of that game; this feat has since been duplicated only once, by Bob Gibson in the 1968 World Series opener.From this season through 1912, <mask> averaged 24 victories and 220 strikeouts and posted an ERA below 2.00 five

masks:
Edward Augustine
Big Ed
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Jane Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh


title: Ed Walsh

texts:
 times. He also led the league in saves five times in this span. His finest individual season came in 1908 when he went 40–15 with 269 strikeouts, 6 saves and a 1.42 ERA, leading the American League in wins and strikeouts. In 1910, he posted the lowest ERA (1.27) for a pitcher with at least 20 starts and a losing record. <mask> also set an American League record by pitching 464 innings in a season. On August 27, 1911, <mask> no-hit the Boston Red Sox 5–0. Interviewed for the 1966 book The Glory of Their Times, Hall of Famer Sam Crawford referred to <mask>'s use of a pitch that was later outlawed: "Big <mask>.Great big, strong, good-looking fellow. He threw a spitball. I think that ball disintegrated on the way to the plate, and the catcher put it back together again. I swear, when it went past the plate, it was just the spit went by". In 1910, the White Sox opened White Sox Park, which was soon nicknamed Comiskey Park by the press in honor of team owner Charles Comiskey. The name was officially changed to Comiskey Park in 1913. An apocryphal story goes that architect Zachary Taylor Davis consulted <mask> in setting the park's field dimensions.Choosing a design that favored himself and other White Sox pitchers, rather than hitters, <mask> made Comiskey Park a "pitcher's park" for its entire 80-year history. Later career

<mask> was a workhorse who pitched an average of 375 innings annually during the six seasons of 1907 through 1912. After the 1912 season, <mask> reportedly requested a full year off to rest his arm. Nevertheless, he showed up for spring training the following season, contending, "The White Sox needed me—implored me to return—so I

masks:
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Ed Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh
Walsh


title: Ed Walsh

texts:
 did". <mask>'s playing time began dwindling in 1913. It has been claimed that he came into spring training in poorer physical shape than other members of the White Sox pitching staff, and his pride led him to try to keep up with the other pitchers in terms of pitch speed before getting into adequate shape, thereby causing damage to his pitching arm. "I could feel the muscles grind and wrench during the game, and it seemed to me my arm would leap out of my socket when I shot the ball across the plate", <mask> later recalled."My arm would keep me awake till morning with a pain I had never known before". He pitched only 16 games during the 1913 season, and a meager 13 games over the next three years. By 1916, <mask>'s arm was dead. He wanted a year off, but Charles Comiskey released him instead. He attempted a comeback with the Boston Braves in 1917, but was let go, ending his major league career. He later did some pitching in the Eastern League, and gave umpiring a try (he umpired 87 American League games during the 1922 season), after which he was a coach for the White Sox for several seasons (1923–1924, 1928–1929). <mask> retired with 195 wins, 126 losses, and 1736 strikeouts.His career ERA of 1.82 is the lowest major league ERA ever posted. He has the second-lowest career WHIP in MLB history (1.00) and the lowest ever for someone with 10 or more seasons pitched. As a hitter, <mask> posted a .194 batting average (210-for-1,085) with 92 runs, 3 home runs, 68 RBI, 14 stolen bases and 46 bases on balls. Managerial record

Later life and legacy
<mask> was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946. He died on May 26, 1959, 12 days after his 78th

masks: Walsh Walsh Walsh Walsh Walsh Walsh


title: Ed Walsh

texts:
 birthday. In 1999, <mask> was ranked number 82 on The Sporting News''' list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team. In 2011, he was inducted into the Irish American Baseball Hall of Fame.<mask>'s son <mask> Jr. played for the White Sox from 1928 to 1932. See also

 List of Major League Baseball no-hitters
 List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual saves leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual strikeout leaders
 List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
 Major League Baseball titles leaders

References

Further reading
 Coffey, Michael (2004). 27 Men Out: Baseball's Perfect Games. New York: Atria Books. .
 Kashatus, William C. (2002). Diamonds in the Coalfields: 21 Remarkable Baseball Players, Managers, and Umpires from Northeast Pennsylvania. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company. . Smiles, Jack.(2007) <mask> <mask>: The Life of a Spitballing Hall of Famer'' Jefferson, NC: McFarland. External links

SABR Biography Project

1881 births
1959 deaths
American League ERA champions
American League strikeout champions
American League wins champions
American people of Welsh descent
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Bridgeport Americans players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Chicago White Sox managers
Chicago White Sox players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Meriden Silverites players
Milwaukee Brewers (minor league) players
Minor league baseball managers
National Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Newark Sailors players
People from Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
People from Pompano Beach, Florida
Wilkes-Barre/Mount Carmel

masks:
Walsh
Walsh
Ed Walsh
Big Ed
Walsh


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts:
<mask> (floruit 1078–1143) was a Castilian nobleman of the House of <mask>. Early in his career he ruled that half of Asturias allocated to Castile. He was faithful to the crown throughout the reign of Queen Urraca (1109–26), during which time he was married to the queen's half-sister and ruled a large part of the old County of Castile. He and his elder brother, <mask>, led the opposition to Alfonso VII early in his reign (1126–57). He led a revolt in 1130 and was exiled in 1137. He was a leader in the Reconquista—about which the contemporary Chronica <mask>onsi imperatoris has much to say—and also took part in the military activities of the Crusader states on two occasions. He travelled widely throughout Spain, but ended his days in Palestine.Youth under Alfonso VI (1078–1112)
<mask> was a son of Gonzalo Núñez <mask> and Godo Núñez, and kinsman of Gonzalo Salvadórez. <mask>'s inheritance was modest. A certain <mask> who was alférez (standard-bearer) of Alfonso VI between 29 January 1078 and 9 June 1081 may have been <mask> <mask>. If so, he was a very old man when he died. The alférez did sign the carta de arras (charter of bridewealth) of <mask> <mask>r, El Cid Campeador, in 1080/1. A <mask> who signed eight royal diplomas between 1092 and 1099 has also been identified with the alférez, the son of Gonzalo Núñez, and the later Crusader. Governing the Asturias (1112–1130)
<mask> <mask> first

masks:
Rodrigo González de Lara
Lara
Pedro González
Adef
Rodrigo
de Lara
Rodrigo
Rodrigo González
Rodrigo González
de Lara
Rodrigo Díaz
de Viva
Rodrigo González
Rodrigo González
de Lara


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts: appears holding a fief (tenencia) from the crown on 29 February 1112, when he was governing all the Cantabrian region south of the river Miera, the valley of Mena, and Asturias de Santillana, formerly held by his cousin <mask>.By 1119 he was ruling the Trasmiera, the region north of the Miera, which up until then had also been held by <mask>z. He is not recorded there after 1120, by which time his rule had extended westward over Aguilar de Campoo. At the same time he first appeared as governing "in Castile" (in castella), probably a reference to Old Castile; certainly he was not governing all of Castile. There are references to a "Count <mask>" governing Castile as early as 9 May 1112, but this may be <mask>z. By 13 April 1121 <mask> was a count. In 1122 he made a donation to the Benedictine monastery of Santa María de Piasca. Sometime before 1122 <mask> married Sancha (born c.1101), a daughter of Alfonso VI and his fourth wife Isabel.She bore him three daughters: Elvira, Sancha, and Urraca. <mask> confirmed a total of fifteen royal charters during Urraca's reign. It was during the final six years of Urraca's reign, a period of general peace, that <mask> held power in the Kingdom of León. As early as 1120 he was governing Liébana, and by 1122 he was also governing Nángulo, Piedras Negras, and the Tierra de Campos. By 1125 he was ruling Pernía as well. A private document dated 17 June 1126

masks:
Rodrigo Muz
Rodrigo Muño
Rodrigo
Rodrigo Muño
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts:
 refers to both <mask> and Pedro as holding Lara, Campos, and Asturias de Santillana, seemingly jointly. Their rule in none of these places can be traced after Urraca's death.On 10 May 1125 at Sahagún, <mask> and the queen made a joint donation of the monastery at Vega to the Order of Fontevraud. His wife Sancha was dead by that time, and Urraca, their youngest daughter, was put in the custody of Sancha Raimúndez, the king's sister. Rebellion against Alfonso VII (1130–1131)
There is a false document dated 18 April 1125 that names <mask> as villicus imperatoris, that is, imperial majordomo. After the queen's death on 8 March 1126, the "towers of León", that is, the royal fortress in the city of León, refused to submit to her son, Alfonso VII, preferring the rule of <mask>, who had been the queen's lover, and his brother <mask>, whom the author of the Chronica Adefonsi (I, §3) says "preferred war rather than peace with the King". Eventually the brothers were forced to make submission to Alfonso VII and did not do so willingly, as the other magnates:
Other counts saw that the King's power was increasing daily. They were the Castilians, <mask> <mask> and his brother, <mask>, who lived in Asturias de Santillana. Gimeno Íñiguez was also present.He governed Coyanza in the territory of León. They were indeed frightened; and, as such, they directed their attention toward arranging a peace conference.

masks:
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo González
Pedro González
Rodrigo
Pedro de
Lara
Rodrigo González


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts: However, their treaty with the King was made in a most insincere manner. Actually they preferred to follow the King of Aragón. In 1127 he sold an estate at Arce to the parish of Santillana del Mar. There is evidence, in the former of a thirteenth-century copy of a private charter, that Alfonso tried to lure <mask> to his side by making him alférez in the winter of 1127–28. Despite their earlier submission, Pedro, <mask>, and their allies refused to join the army Alfonso assembled at Atienza in 1129 to fight Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre.The king then relieved <mask> of his post as alférez, replacing him with Pedro Alfónsez. Early in 1130 he rebelled against the king. The rebellion seems to have been designed to place on the throne Fernando Pérez <mask>, <mask>'s nephew, an illegitimate son of <mask> and Queen Urraca. It had the support of Alfonso of Aragon and of his agent in Castile, Bertrán <mask>, son-in-law of Pedro. While Pedro and Bertrán took the city of Palencia, and another relative of <mask>'s, Jimeno Íñiguez, rebelled at Valencia de Don Juan, <mask> took up arms in Asturias de Santillana, the northwestern part of Castile. A minor noble, Pedro Díaz, rebelled from his castle of Valle. He was put down by the brothers Osorio and <mask>.By June the king had retaken Palencia and captured Pedro and Bertrán. Having dealt with the other rebels, Alfonso turned to Asturias, where "he

masks:
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
de Lara
Rodrigo
Pedro González
de Risnel
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo Martínez


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts:
 captured their fortified castles, set fire to their fields and hacked down their trees and vineyards." Forced to sue for peace, <mask> sent envoys requesting a meeting with the king on the banks of the Pisuerga. Per the agreement <mask> and Alfonso would each be accompanied by only six of their knights. During the meeting the king became so enraged by <mask>'s "disrespectful remarks" that he seized him by the throat and they both fell from their horses. At this <mask>'s retinue fled and the count was taken "as if he were a common prisoner." <mask> found his castles and tenencias confiscated, with Asturias placed in the hands of <mask>.There is a record of a comitem <mask> Gundisalui <mask>turias ("count <mask> of Asturias") present on 3 November 1140 at the hearing of a dispute between the Bishop of Burgos, Ramiro, and the Bishop of Calahorra, Sancho, in the presence of the king, but it is probably unreliable. It is unlikely that <mask> ever regained his place in eastern Asturias. Within a few days of his being released (only after all his castles and fiefs had been received by the king), <mask> returned to acknowledge his crimes and seek mercy, which he received by the end of 1131, when he was appointed alcaide of Toledo in place of Gutierre <mask>, who had died. Frontier rule (1131–1137)

<mask> "waged numerous wars against the Moors. He killed many and took many prisoners. He also carried

masks:
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo Gómez
Rodericum
de As
Rodrigo González
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Armíldez
Rodrigo


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts: away large quantities of booty from their lands." The author of the Chronica twice states that only a fraction of his military actions are recorded: "He had fought many battles in Moorish territory.The military experiences of <mask> and <mask> against the Moors were indeed great, but they have not been described in this book." And "The other battles which the Consul <mask> fought with the king of the Almoravides are not recorded in this book." <mask>'s government in Toledo can be traced in the documents between 1132 and 1136, and he was also governor of Segovia in 1133. The Chronica Adefonsi (I, §23) records that Alfonso "entrusted Toledo to him and extensive territories on the frontier and in Castile" and (II, §119) "he was made commander of all troops in Toledo and leader of Extremadura." In June 1132 he gathered the militias of Ávila, Segovia, Toledo, and "the other cities under Toledo's jurisdiction" and combined this force of both cavalry and infantry with an even larger army drawb from Castile and Extremadura. He then led them in a raid into Muslim territory, down the valley of the Guadalquivir, devastating the environs of Seville. The Chronica Adefonsi notes that he "cut down the fruit trees".He took many captives and a large booty. The Almoravid governor (or king) of Seville, Umar, raised a large army from among his allies and fought <mask> in a pitched battle. <mask> divided his

masks:
Rodrigo González
Rodrigo Fernández
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts:
 infantry into two groups, archers and slingers, and placed his bravest men at the front. The second line was composed of the militia of Ávila, which engaged an Arab wing, and the third of the militia of Segovia, which faced an Almoravid and Andalusion (native) wing. The militia of Toledo and the troops from the Trans-Sierra and Castile were left in reserve at the rear, under the personal command of <mask> "to reinforce the weak and to bring medical aid to the wounded." Umar was captured and ultimately beheaded. So important was this battle that it was recorded in three chronicles: the Chronica Adefonsi, the Anales toledanos primeros, and the Arabic chronicle of Ibn Idhari (who errs in dating it to 1130).The author of the Chronica, probably bishop Arnaldo of Astorga, quotes from I Maccabees 9 in describing an encounter he evidently considered of biblical proportions (II, §121):
The battle began as the Saracens shouted and sounded their brazen trumpets and drums. They uttered cries and invoked Mohammed. The Christians called out with all their heart to the Lord, to Mary and to Saint James. They prayed that they would show them mercy and forget the sins of the king and of their forefathers. Many on both sides fell wounded shortly after the battle had begun. <mask> realized that the King of Sevilla's army was the stronger. Consequently, all of the bravest warriors joined with <mask> and they

masks: Rodrigo Rodrigo Rodrigo


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts: attacked.The King of Sevilla fell in the field and died, as did many of his officers. <mask> pursued the survivors all the way to the gates of Sevilla. After picking up the spoils, he began his march back to the camp. The victory of <mask> inspired a contingent from Salamanca to go raiding in the region around Badajoz. Some muladíes, Muslims living under Christian rule, that had fled <mask>'s camp had given away the Salamancans' position to the Almoravid sultan, Ali ibn Yusuf ben Tashfin, who promptly attacked and defeated it. In late May 1133 <mask> commanded half of the royal army marching out from Toledo. The army was divided "because there was not enough drinking water ... nor was there enough grass to feed the animals."<mask> led his forces through the Despeñaperros Pass. The two armies traversed uninhabited territory for fifteen days before meeting before the enemy castle at Galledo. Thereafter the army followed same route as in the previous year: the Guadalquivir valley as far as Seville, but then continued on to Jerez de la Frontera, which was sacked, and Cádiz, whose countryside was terrorised. The army returned to Toledo by late summer with a vast booty of camels, horses, cattle, sheep, and goats. In July 1135 Alfonso gave him and <mask> some properties confiscated from another rebel, the Asturian Gonzalo Peláez. One historian believes he regained the long lost fief of Asturias de

masks:
Rodrigo González
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo Martínez


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts:
 Santiallana at about this time. By July 1135 <mask> had contracted a second marriage to Estefanía, daughter of Ermengol V of Urgell and widow of the Castilian magnate Fernando García <mask>.Estefanía had received a carta de arras from her first husband on 12 November 1119, and she was widowed around 1125. Despite this, on 6 September 1135 <mask> praised his new wife for her youth in his carta de arras. On 7 September 1135 <mask> witnessed a donation of the churches of Tovar and Laguna by his eldest daughter, Elvira, and her husband, the brother of his new wife, Ermengol VI of Urgell, to the convent of Santa María de Valladolid. Estefanía bore <mask> two sons, Pedro and <mask>. Exile and wanderings (1137–1143)

On 3 February 1137 <mask> made a donation to Segovia Cathedral. Shortly after, for reasons unknown, <mask> fell from favour and was exiled. According to at least one manuscript of the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris, this occurred in October 1134, but documentary evidence seems to indicate that it actually took place in 1137.Of his own accord he surrendered Toledo and the other tenencias he held, which still included Aguilar and Old Castile according to royal documents date as late as 1 April 1137, to the king in person ("[he] kissed the King's hand in farewell and [took] leave of his comrades"). He decided to turn his exile into a pilgrimage ("he became a pilgrim and crossed the sea of

masks:
Rodrigo
de Hita
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo
Rodrigo


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts: Jerusalem for purpose of prayer", in the words of the Chronica), visiting Jerusalem and fighting the Muslims in the Holy Land for two years. He reputedly built the castle called Toron facing Ascalon, which was then still in Muslim hands. The Chronica says that he garrisoned it "with knights, infantrymen, and provisions, and he gave it to the Knights Templars." <mask>'s Toron has been widely identified with the castle described elsewhere as le Toron des Chevaliers, a name shared by several castles, including the one later known as Latrun. However, Michael Ehrlich, specialist in medieval Mediterranean military history at Bar Ilan University, Israel, offers several good reasons to identify <mask>'s castle with the ruins at Summil, c. 25 km inland (east) from Ascalon, which fits much better the one mentioned in the chronicles. In 1137 or 1138, Rorgo Fretellus, a canon of the church of Nazareth, dedicated his Description of the Holy Places to <mask>.<mask> returned to Spain, via the Adriatic and Italy, in 1139, and, being barred from returning to Castile or his patrimonial lands, sojourned at various courts in the east of the peninsula. He served for a time Raymond Berengar IV of Barcelona, who made him lord of Huesca and Jaca between 1139 and 1141. He was later in the service of García Ramírez of Navarre and then the Almoravid governor of Valencia, Abengania. The Chronica Adefonsi says that while

masks: Rodrigo Rodrigo Rodrigo Rodrigo


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts:
 he only stayed a few days at Valencia, he contracted leprosy (from a "Saracen potion"). He did briefly return to Castile, where on 8 February 1141 he granted the village of Huérmeces to the Benedictines of Arlanza. He eventually made his way to the Urgell, where on 24 March 1143 he witnessed, as comes Roricus, the final will and testament of his brother-in-law and son-in-law, Count Ermengol VI. His daughter Elvira had probably died by then.Sometime in or after 1143 he returned to the Holy Land, and there he died. Shortly before her husband's death Estefanía founded a Cistercian monastery at Valbuena de Duero (15 February 1143). Her sons, unlike the sons of her husband's brother, never rose to as high a rank in the kingdom as their father had. Historian Antonio Suárez <mask> owned several manuscript fragments of the Chronica, which were used by Enrique Flórez in amending the first published edition of the text by <mask> Berganza. Alarcón himself had made extensive used only of those passages relating to <mask>, since he had established the descent of the Marqueses de Trocifal from him in his Relaciones genealógicas de la casa de los Marqueses de Trocifal, Condes de Torresvedras (Madrid, 1656). Notes

Bibliography
S. BARTON. "The Count, the Bishop and the Abbot: Armengol VI of Urgel and the Abbey of Valladolid."English Historical Review, 111:440 (1996), 85–103. S. BARTON. The Aristocracy in

masks:
de Alarcón
Francisco de
Rodrigo González


title: Rodrigo González de Lara

texts: Twelfth-century León and Castile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. S. BARTON. "From Tyrants to Soldiers of Christ: The Nobility of Twelfth-century León-Castile and the Struggle Against Islam." Nottingham Medieval Studies, 44 (2000), 28–48.J. M. CANAL SÁNCHEZ-PAGÍN. "Don Pedro <mask>, primer maestre de la Orden Militar de Santiago: Su familia, su vida." Anuario de estudios medievales, 14 (1984), 33–71. J. M. CANAL SÁNCHEZ-PAGÍN. "Casamientos de los condes de Urgel en Castilla." Anuario de estudios medievales, 19 (1989), 119–135. S. R. DOUBLEDAY.The <mask> Family: Crown and Nobility in Medieval Spain. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001. R. A. FLETCHER. Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. E. FLÓREZ. "Anales Toledanos I."España Sagrada, XXIII, 381–400. Madrid: 1767. B. Z. KEDAR. "Iberia y el reino franco de Jerusalén." Ad Limina, 8:8 (2017), 39–61. G. E. LIPSKEY.The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor: A Translation of the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris. PhD dissertation, Northwestern University, 1972. J. MONTENEGRO VALENTÍN. Santa María de Piasca: Estudio de un territorio a través de un centro monástico (857–1252). Valladolid: 1993. E. PASCUA. "South of the Pyrenees: Kings, Magnates and Political Bargaining in Twelfth-century Spain."Journal of Medieval History, 27 (2001),

masks: Fernández Lara


title: Avraam Benaroya

texts:
<mask> (; ; ; ; ;  1887 – 16 May 1979) was a Jewish socialist, member of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists), later leader of the Socialist Workers' Federation in the Ottoman Empire. <mask> played a key role in the foundation of the Socialist Worker's party of Greece in 1918, the predecessor of the Communist Party of Greece. Early years
<mask> was born to a Sephardi Jew in Bulgaria. He was raised in Vidin by a family of small merchants. A polyglot, <mask> learned to speak six languages fluently. He studied at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, but did not graduate, becoming rather a teacher in Plovdiv. Here <mask> became a member of the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers' Party (Narrow Socialists) (although other sources suggest that he joined the Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party (Broad Socialists), he himself insisted that this was incorrect) and published in Bulgarian his work The Jewish Question and Social Democracy (1908).After the Young Turk revolution of 1908 he moved as a socialist organizer to Thessaloniki. He founded here a group called Sephardic Circle of Socialist Studies and was in connection to the Bulgarian left-wing faction, close to the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO), called People's Federative Party (Bulgarian Section),  as well as to some Bulgarian socialists, who worked there. <mask>'s influence grew, as he argued that any socialist movement in the city must take the form of a federation in which all national groups could participate. Due to the Bulgarian roots of its Jewish founder, the organization was viewed with suspicion by the Young Turks and later by

masks:
Avraam Eliezer Benaroya
Benaroya
Benaroya
Benaroya
Benaroya
Benaroya


title: Avraam Benaroya

texts:
 the Greek government, as being close to the IMRO and Bulgarian socialist movement.<ref>"Due to the Bulgarian origins of its Jewish founder, <mask>, the organization was viewed with suspicion by the Young Turks and later by the Greek government, as being close to the International Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and Bulgarian socialist movement. "Sociological papers", Volume 11, Universiṭat Bar-Ilan. Leon Tamman Foundation for Research into Jewish Communities, Bar-Ilan University, 2006, p.12.</ref><mask>, a Bulgarian Jew, came to Salonica in 1908 in order to establish an organized Jewish socialist movement in this city... However, the new CUP regime in the Empire was suspicious about the activities of <mask> regarding his Bulgarian roots.Turkish Review of Balkan Studies, Volumes 10–11, Ortadoğu ve Balkan İncelemeleri Vakfı, Isis, 2005, p. 83. The Fédération Socialiste Ouvrière

Idealistic and pragmatic at the same time, in Thessaloniki Benaroya played a leading role in the creation, in 1909, of the mainly Jewish Socialist Workers' Federation, or in Ladino, Federacion. The organization took this name because, built on the federative model of the Social Democratic Party of Austria, it was conceived as a federation of separate sections, each representing the four main ethnic groups of the city: Jews, Bulgarians, Greeks and Turks. It published its literature in the languages of these four groups (i.e., Ladino, Bulgarian, Greek and Turkish, respectively) but in practice the two latter sections were under-represented if not nonexistent. The democratic Federacion soon became, under Benaroya's leadership, the strongest socialist party in the Ottoman

masks:
Abraham Benaroya
Benaroya
Benaroya


title: Avraam Benaroya

texts:
 Empire. It created combative trade unions, attracted important intellectuals and gained a solid base of support among Macedonian workers while cultivating strong links with the Second International. From 1910 to 1911 Benaroya edited its influential newspaper, the Solidaridad Ovradera, printed in Ladino.Unlike other parties which were organised on ethnic lines, as a cross-community group the Federacion was allowed by the Ottoman authorities. A prominent Bulgarian member, Dimitar Vlahov, was a socialist MP in the new Ottoman parliament until 1912.Mary C. Neuburger, Balkan Smoke: Tobacco and the Making of Modern Bulgaria, Cornell University Press, 2012, , p. 67. Indeed, its leaders initially supported the Young Turks, and Benaroya participated in the "Army of Freedom" march on Istanbul to help put down the Countercoup of 1909. Alarmed by the growing power of socialist groups, the CUP subsequently launched a crack down, under which <mask> was jailed three times, in early November 1910, June 1911 (when he was deported to Serbia) and February 1912 (when he was deported to Greece).Mark Mazower, Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950, 2004, pp. 288f. The Federacion and the labour movement in Greece
In the aftermath of the incorporation of Thessaloniki into the Greek state, Benaroya resisted the attempts to impose ethnic divisions in the city. Opposed to the First World War, <mask> and another Jewish socialist were exiled for two and a half years at the island of Naxos.In contrast to most of the prominent socialists in the pre-1913 Greece who followed Eleftherios Venizelos, Benaroya and the Federacion, adhering to its

masks: Benaroya Benaroya


title: Avraam Benaroya

texts: internationalist ideals, mobilized for neutrality. As this happened to the same policy as pursued by King Constantine and his militaristic entourage, this led to the loss of support for Federacion in Macedonia. From 1915 onwards the Federacion was buoyed by the popular reaction to the war. Both monarchist and Venizelist policy actually assisted the emancipation and the radicalization of the left, and <mask>, keeping equal distance from both established political groups, was quick to turn the situation to advantage. In the 1915 general elections Federacion sent two deputies representing Thessaloniki (Benaroya and Alberto Couriel) to the Greek Parliament, while it lost by only a few votes for a third seat. It already had strong links with internationalist groups and organizations all over Greece and abroad; from them the Socialist Workers Party was to spring up in due time. However, another socialist faction, headed by the future Prime Minister Alexandros Papanastasiou, who sided with Venizelos in foreign affairs, also had deputies elected in the same election.Papanastasiou and other reform-minded socialists strongly supported Venizelos' liberal brand of nationalism. Benaroya and the Federacion, on the other hand, were influenced by Austromarxists such as Victor Adler, Otto Bauer and Karl Renner, who, sensitive to matters national, searched ways to utilize socialism as a cohesive force for the decrepit Habsburg Monarchy; they elaborated the principle of personal autonomy, according to which national consciousness should be depoliticized and become a personal matter. Modern states should be based on free association and allow self-definition and


title: Avraam Benaroya

texts:
 adopting instead a French town plan, but a considerable proportion of the Jewish population remained throughout the following decades, with the Greek government guaranteeing their rights in March 1926. Benaroya was always very interested in combating anti-Semitism, while over later years he shifted his emphasis to reflect the sizable Thessaloniki Jewish community that chose to remain within the Greek state. <mask> approaches the Democratic Union

After a historic meeting with Venizelos, <mask>'s tactical abilities resulted in the birth of the Socialist Labour Party of Greece (later named Communist) and the General Confederation of Greek Workers, which helped unite Greek workers. Government persecution of the new movement led to a general strike in 1919.Subsequently, social and political polarization, as well as the prestige of the newborn Soviet Union, strengthened the radicals and before long the party was affiliated to the Leninist Third International. The Labour Centre of Salonica, another creation of Benaroya's, which united more than twelve thousand workers of all nationalities, a good part of them Jews, became the focus of radical socialism. The fall of the Venizelos government (1920) and the war in Anatolia fuelled even more dissent, leading to anti-war riots. In the wake of these developments Benaroya, thrown in prison again, as well as most of the leading members of the party, were marginalized by the radicals. On the other hand, moderate socialists under Alexandros Papanastasiou started preparing their own revolution: their primary aim was now to overthrow the Greek monarchy. In 1922 the Greek army was defeated by the Kemalists and a


title: Avraam Benaroya

texts: military revolution ensued that deposed King Constantine. The new government undertook many reforms, notably the distribution of big estates to peasants, but after a general strike, workers were violently suppressed.A little later, in December 1923, <mask>, together with Couriel and Kordatos, who preferred social-democratic organizational models and opposed radical Bolshevisation considering the circumstances not suitable for a revolution, were expelled from the Communist Party of Greece and he was obliged to quit the editorship of Avanti. Afterwards he focused his action on Thessaloniki's Jewish community, and participated in a splinter group that—with help from Papanastasiou, then Prime Minister—tried unsuccessfully to split the Communist Party. At that time he and Papanastasiou agreed on the need for reforms and not revolution, and on the priority of abolishing the monarchy. An equally urgent imperative, though, was combating racism and anti-Semitism. <mask> remained politically active after 1924 but as he stayed outside the principal political formations of the left, the communists and Papanastasiou's socialists, his capacity for action was increasingly restricted. In Thessaloniki he had a difficult political life, especially after the Liberals' more nationalist turn by the end of the decade, and the repeated coups d'état of 1935 that destroyed the Republic and the hopes of the democratic left. In the 1940s he lost a son during the Greco-Italian war, he survived the Nazi concentration camps, and led a small socialist party in Greece after his return collaborating himself with Alexandros Svolos.He left to Israel in 1953, to Holon, where he ran a


title: Avraam Benaroya

texts:
 small newspaper kiosk. He died in 1979, aged ninety two, in poverty. Notes

 References
 Marketos, Spyros, ‘<mask> <mask> and the impossible reform’, Justice (Special issue: Remembering Salonika) (Spring 1999), 38-43. Mazower, Mark, Salonica, City of Ghosts: Christians, Muslims and Jews, 1430-1950'', 2004, . A. Thomas Lane, Biographical dictionary of European labor leaders, Greenwood Publishing Group, 1995, pp. 75–76, . 1887 births
1979 deaths
People from Vidin
Politicians from Thessaloniki
Jews from Thessaloniki
Bulgarian people of Jewish descent
Greek Sephardi Jews
Greek socialists
MPs of Thessaloniki
Communist Party of Greece politicians
Bulgarian emigrants to Israel
Greek emigrants to Israel
Jewish concentration camp survivors
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law alumni
20th-century Sephardi Jews
Sephardi Jews of the Ottoman Empire
Jewish

masks: Avraam Benaroya


title: Anne Shilcock

texts:
<mask> (later Spann, 13 June 1932 – April 2019) was a British tennis player who was active in the 1950s. She won 1955 Wimbledon Championships in women's doubles with Angela Mortimer, becoming the first all-British team to win since 1937. Career

She played singles in the Wightman Cup in 1954, losing to Doris Hart and Maureen Connolly, and doubles in 1953 with Angela Mortimer, in 1957 with Ann Haydon, and in 1958 with Pat Ward, the year Britain won for the first time since 1930. <mask> was a forceful and effective attacking doubles player, especially but by no means exclusively on fast courts, in 1953 winning  the Lyons doubles with Susan Partridge Chatrier, Monte Carlo with Pat Ward, reaching  the quarterfinals of the French Championships doubles with Mortimer and the mixed with Destremau, with Mortimer reaching the semifinals of Wimbledon, the final of the Eastern Grass Court tournament, taking a set from Doris Hart and Shirley Fry, and winning the British Covered Court Championships doubles. In 1954 she won the Scandinavian Covered Courts doubles with Mortimer, the French Covered Courts and Lyons doubles with Susan Partridge Chatrier and reached the final of the British Hard Courts doubles with Helen Fletcher. She and Angela Mortimer, seeded 3, reached the semifinals at Wimbledon. In America, playing with Helen Fletcher, she reached the semifinals of the US nationals, the finals of the Eastern and Essex tournaments and won the Maidstone.In mixed doubles, she reached the quarterfinals of the Nationals  and won the Pacific Coast. In 1955, she won the Pierre Gillou doubles with Susan Partridge Chatrier, beating Pat Ward and Angela Buxton, and the Scandinavian Covered Courts with Angela Mortimer with whom she lost the final of the British Hard Courts championships to Shirley Bloomer Brasher and Pat Ward Hales, a result triumphantly

masks:
Jacqueline Anne Shilcock
Shilcock


title: Anne Shilcock

texts: reversed in the Wimbledon final later in the year. With Robert (Bob) Howe, she won the mixed in the British Hard Courts Championships and in the Northern Tournament at Manchester where she also won the doubles with Louise Brough. She won the doubles and mixed with Pat Ward Hales and Billy Knight in the British Covered courts championships at the end of the year. In 1956, she again won the Pierre Gillou doubles with Chatrier and the Scandinavian with Angela Mortimer, beating Althea Gibson and Joan Johnson. She also won the doubles at the Northern Manchester with Dorothy Knode, beating Angelas Buxton and Mortimer and Thelma Long and Betty Pratt. She and Angela Mortimer lost their Wimbledon title in the semifinals, losing to Fay Miller and Daphne Seeney: nonetheless this was the fourth consecutive year that the pair had reached the semifinals or beyond.She won the Coup Canet Paris with Pat Ward, the British Covered Courts championship  doubles with Pat  Ward, beating Shirley Bloomer and Angela Buxton and the mixed with Geoff Paish. In 1957, <mask> won the German Covered Courts Championships  with Pat Ward, beating Thelma Long and Erika Vollmer and won the  mixed with legend Budge Patty in Monte Carlo. She and Pat Ward were narrowly beaten in the final of the British Hard Courts championships by Shirley Bloomer and Darlene Hard. In 1958, she won doubles in the British Covered Courts and Hard Courts Championships, where she also won the mixed. With Pat Ward she beat Sandra Reynolds and Renee Schuurman in an International match vs South Africa. They also reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon, losing to Thelma Long and Mary Hawton. In 1959 she and Susan Partridge Chatrier reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon, losing rather easily to eventual champions Darlene Hard and Jeanne Arth.For 7 out of the 8 years from 1953 to 1959 inclusive,


title: Anne Shilcock

texts:
 she had reached at least the quarterfinal of this event. <mask> was also a fine singles player. She reached the last 16 of the French Championships in 1953 (as 15th seed, beating Erika Vollmer and losing to Doris Hart), of the Wimbledon championships in the same year (losing to Maureen Connolly) and of the US Nationals in 1954 (losing again to Doris Hart). She was especially effective on covered courts, in singles as well as doubles, reaching the final of the Scandinavian championships in 1955, losing to Angela Mortimer, reaching the semifinals in 1956, losing to Althea Gibson and winning it in 1957 by beating Thelma Long and Angela Mortimer. That year <mask> also won the German Covered Courts title, beating Thelma Long and Christiane Mercelis (who had beaten Pat Ward). She won  the British Covered Courts title in 1955  beating Pat Ward, then US finalist, 6–2, 6–4,  reached the final by beating Shirley Bloomer in straight sets in 1956, losing to Angela Buxton, and won it again in 1958, beating Pat Ward and the young Christine Truman. In  56 she won the Pierre Gillou beating Susan Chatrier and beat Pat Ward to win Coup Canet Paris

She was also good on grass.In 1953, she reached the last 8 of the Eastern Grass Court tournament beating fourth seed Helen Perez before losing in three sets to Angela Mortimer, and in 1954 reached the same stage of the same tournament and the semifinal of the Essex County Tournament. Also on grass, <mask> had some notable wins in the Manchester Northern tournament, reaching the quarterfinals in 1954 before losing to Maureen Connolly, in 1955 the semifinal, losing to Lousie Brough, in 56 beating Sandra Reynolds, Betty Pratt and losing in three sets to Dorothy Knode in the  quarterfinal. In 1957, she reached the final, losing to Althea Gibson and in 1958 beat Thelma Long, Dorothy Knode and Janet Hopps to

masks: Shilcock Shilcock Shilcock


title: Anne Shilcock

texts:
 reach the semifinal where she again lost to Althea Gibson. Surbiton was another grass court tournament where she played well. In 1954, she beat Angela Mortimer in straight sets to reach the semifinals, where she only lost in a three-set match to Shirley Fry. In 1956 <mask> reached the final, beating that year's Wimbledon finalist Angela Buxton, and extended Althea Gibson to 6–3, 13–11. In the same year she also extended Gibson at Wimbledon, taking a set from her in the 3rd round after beating the young Ann Haydon (Jones) in three sets.At Beckenham in 1955, she took Louise Brough to three sets in the semifinal. On hard courts <mask> reached the quarterfinals of the British Hard Court Championships four times: in 1953 (losing to Shirley Fry), in 1955, in 56 (beating the young Christine Truman and losing to Darlene Hard) and 1958 (losing to Truman in three sets). On one occasion she reached  the semifinal, in 1957, beating  Truman 6–2, 6–2 again. She lost to Shirley Bloomer. She was also semifinalist in the 1956 German Championships and in the 1957 Monte Carlo tournament. On high bouncing cement she reached the final of the Pacific Coast Championships in 1954. Her last appearance at Wimbledon was in 1960 when she lost to 2nd seed Darlene Hard in the second round in two sets.As Mrs Spann, she won the professional championships at Eastbourne. Personal life

<mask> married J. K. Spann in 1960, and lived in South Africa for the last 40 years of her life. She died there in late April 2019, at the age of 86. Grand slam finals

Doubles (1 title)

Grand Slam singles tournament timeline

References

British female tennis players
Wimbledon champions (pre-Open Era)
2019 deaths
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles
1932 births
People from Hartfield
English female tennis players
English emigrants to South Africa
Tennis people from East


title: Alvin Karpis

texts:
<mask> (born Albin Francis Karpavičius; August 10, 1907 – August 26, 1979), a Depression-era gangster nicknamed "Creepy" for his sinister smile and called "Ray" by his gang members, was a Canadian-born (naturalized American) criminal of Lithuanian descent known for being a leader of the Barker–Karpis gang in the 1930s. <mask> led the gang along with Fred Barker and Arthur "Doc" Barker. There were only four "public enemies" ever given the title of "Public Enemy #1" by the FBI and he was the only one to be taken alive. The other three, John Dillinger, Pretty Boy Floyd, and Baby Face Nelson, were all killed before being captured. He also spent the longest time as a federal prisoner at Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary, serving twenty-six years. Early life

<mask> was born to Lithuanian immigrants John (Jonas) and Anna (Ona) Karpavičius in Montreal, Quebec, and was raised in Topeka, Kansas. He started in crime at about age 10, running around with gamblers, bootleggers, and pimps.In 1926, he was sentenced to 10 years at the State Industrial Reformatory in Hutchinson, Kansas, for an attempted burglary. He escaped with another inmate, Lawrence De Vol, and went on a year-long crime spree, interrupted briefly, while he lived with his parents after De Vol was arrested. After moving to Kansas City, Missouri, he was caught stealing a car and sent back to the reformatory. Transferred to the Kansas State Penitentiary in Lansing, he met Fred Barker, who was in prison for bank burglary. Barker was one of the notorious members of the "Bloody Barkers," as the newspapers of the time called them. The Barker family included brothers Herman, Lloyd, Arthur ("Doc"), and Fred, the sons of Ma Barker. Growing up impoverished in a sharecropping family, all the boys soon turned into hardened criminals, robbing banks and killing without provocation.Doc was sentenced to life

masks:
Alvin Francis Karpis
Karpis
Karpis


title: Alvin Karpis

texts:
 imprisonment in 1920 after murdering a night watchman. Herman committed suicide on August 29, 1927, after being badly injured in a shootout with police in Wichita, Kansas, following the robbery of the Newton Ice Plant in Newton, Kansas, with Charles Stalcup and Porter Meeks. Lloyd was sentenced to 25 years in 1922, for mail theft, and released in 1938; he was a US Army cook at a POW camp and then was murdered by his wife in 1949. "Ma" did her part to help her sons. "Ma" Barker was not herself a criminal, but badgered parole boards, wardens, and governors for the release of her boys when they were incarcerated. After <mask> was released in 1931, he joined up with Fred Barker in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and they soon put together the Barker-Karpis Gang. Criminal career
The Barker-Karpis Gang became one of the most formidable criminal gangs of the 1930s.They did not hesitate to kill anyone who got in their way, even innocent bystanders. On December 19, 1931, <mask> and Fred Barker killed Sheriff C. Roy Kelley, who was investigating their robbery of a store in West Plains, Missouri. The gang, including Ma Barker and her paramour Arthur Dunlop, fled to St. Paul, Minnesota. <mask> has been described as the leader or "brains" of the gang. Gang member Fred Hunter said Karpis was "super smart" and he was reported to have a photographic memory. The other leaders were Doc and Fred, both now out of prison, and the gang included about 25 others. At this time a myth was started that Ma Barker ruled the gang with an iron fist, but the facts do not seem to support these claims.It is highly unlikely that criminals as adept as Karpis, and even Ma's sons for that matter, would have listened to her. <mask> later wrote about this subject in his memoirs:

Ma was always somebody in our lives. Love didn't enter into it really. She was somebody we looked after and took with us

masks: Alvin Karpis Karpis Karpis


title: Alvin Karpis

texts: when we moved city to city, hideout to hideout. It is no insult to Ma's memory that she just didn't have the know-how to direct us on a robbery. It would not have occurred to her to get involved in our business, and we always made it a point of only discussing our scores when Ma wasn't around. We'd leave her at home when we were arranging a job, or we'd send her to a movie.Ma saw a lot of movies. Harvey Bailey, another well-known bank robber of the era, knew the Barker gang well, and in his autobiography published in the 1970s, he agreed with <mask>, observing that Ma Barker "couldn't plan breakfast," and was certainly no mastermind behind any gang activity. It is purported that Ma Barker's entire reputation as a criminal mastermind was concocted by Hoover to protect the FBI's public image after federal agents discovered they had killed a 62-year-old mother. In 1933, on the same weekend as the Kansas City Massacre, they kidnapped William Hamm, a millionaire Minnesota brewer outside of his office. After the gang was paid a ransom of $100,000, Hamm was released. Shortly after this, they abducted St. Paul banker Edward Bremer, who was released after the gang was paid $200,000 by his family. The kidnappings, however, led to the gang's end.The father of the kidnapped Edward Bremer was a friend of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Roosevelt had even mentioned the kidnapping in one of his fireside chats, and fueled also by the Lindbergh kidnapping, the FBI and local police bureaus greatly stepped up their pursuit of those engaged in these types of crimes. The FBI had by this time organized a group of highly skilled agents called the "flying squads," which specialized in hunting down the leading public enemies, and they had been very effective. The year 1934 alone saw the deaths of John Dillinger, Bonnie and Clyde, Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd, Lester "Baby


title: Alvin Karpis

texts:
 Face Nelson" Gillis, John "Red" Hamilton, Homer Van Meter, Tommy Carroll, and Eddie Green. Just after Ma and Fred's death in a shootout with the FBI on January 16, 1935, <mask> nearly met his own violent end when the FBI located him in Atlantic City, New Jersey. <mask> and Harry Campbell managed to shoot their way to an escape, though Karpis' eight-month-pregnant girlfriend Dolores Delaney was hit in the thigh by a wild shot fired by Campbell. She was captured along with Campbell's girl.Dolores gave birth to a son, who was adopted by Karpis' parents. <mask> and Campbell hid out with brothel-keeper Edith Barry for several months. Karpis continued his crimes with others, but had to keep on the move more than ever, as he was the fourth and last of the FBI's Public Enemies Number One, the previous three—John Dillinger, Pretty Boy Floyd and Baby Face Nelson—having been killed. He did manage to pull off a crime that echoed the times of the "Old West," a train robbery in Garrettsville, Ohio, which netted $27,000. After the death of Ma and Fred, Karpis allegedly sent word to FBI chief J. Edgar Hoover that he intended to kill Hoover the way Hoover had killed Ma and Fred. According to Karpis in The Alvin Karpis Story, the death threat was a rumor started by Hoover himself. Pursuit and capture by FBI
The FBI had come a long way since its reorganization and renaming in 1935 (from the Bureau of Investigation, created in 1908).J. Edgar Hoover was appointed as the acting head of the Bureau in 1924 and completely transformed the agency. Despite its successes, however, the agency had many problems. In those days, when the application of science and technology to fight crime was still in its infancy, the agency was at the mercy of public citizens for information. Often agents on bad information were sent off to remote locales on "tips" that turned out to be red

masks: Karpis Karpis Karpis


title: Alvin Karpis

texts:
 herrings. The personal low point for Hoover came at an April 1936 United States Senate hearing. Senator Kenneth McKellar of Tennessee lambasted Hoover for the performance of the FBI and the fact that Hoover himself had never personally arrested anyone. After the hearing, a determined Hoover vowed he would capture Karpis personally.Hoover did not have to wait long. On May 1, 1936, the FBI located <mask> in New Orleans, and Hoover flew there to be in charge of the arrest. Shortly after 5pm on May 2, as a dozen or so agents swarmed over <mask>' car, Hoover announced to <mask> that he was under arrest. A couple of versions of the arrest have been reported. <mask>' version, told in his memoirs, was that Hoover came out only after all the other agents had seized him. Only then did the agents call to Hoover that it was safe to approach the car. The official FBI version states that Hoover reached into the car and grabbed Karpis before he could reach a rifle in the back seat.In fact, the car, a Plymouth coupe, had no back seat. The scene was further confused when Hoover told his men to "put the [hand]cuffs on him." Not one agent had brought handcuffs. <mask> was tied up with an agent's necktie. The capture of <mask> catapulted Hoover into the public eye and made his name synonymous with law enforcement until he died in 1972 at the age of 77. The capture of Karpis essentially ended the age of the big-name Depression Era criminal. In addition to those mentioned earlier, others killed violently in the 1930s included Jack "Legs" Diamond, Vincent "Maddog" Coll, Frank "Jelly" Nash and Dutch Schultz.Al Capone was in Alcatraz and slowly going insane from syphilis. Trial
<mask> was brought to trial at the St. Paul Federal Courts Building (now Landmark Center). <mask> initially pleaded not guilty. But as the case was called for trial, "Thomas J. Newman, attorney for

masks: Karpis Karpis Karpis Karpis Karpis Karpis Karpis Karpis


title: Alvin Karpis

texts:
 Karpis, told the court his client, one of the actual kidnappers of Hamm, desired to plead guilty." Two weeks later, Karpis offered "through his attorney, Thomas Newman, to plead guilty to the Bremer conspiracy" if kidnapping charges were dropped; the court accepted the offer. Imprisonment
Sentenced to life imprisonment, <mask> was incarcerated at the then recently constructed Alcatraz federal penitentiary from August 1936 to April 1962. For six months in 1958, he was transferred to the Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, but was then returned to Alcatraz.His main job at Alcatraz was working in the bakery. He was far from a model prisoner, frequently fighting with other inmates. Karpis served the longest sentence of any prisoner at Alcatraz: 26 years. In April 1962, with Alcatraz in the process of being closed, he was transferred to McNeil Island Penitentiary in Washington state. While at McNeil, Karpis met a young Charles Manson. <mask> wrote about Manson in his autobiography with Robert Livesey (1980):

After Manson had become proficient on the guitar, he asked Karpis for help in getting a job playing in Las Vegas, as Karpis had contacts with nightclub and casino owners there. Manson told him he would be bigger than The Beatles, but <mask> decided to leave Manson on his own regarding his music career.Later years

<mask> was released on parole in 1969 and deported to Canada, although he initially had difficulty obtaining Canadian passport credentials, having had his fingerprints removed by underworld physician Joseph Moran in 1934. He settled in Montreal. He wrote his first memoirs in 1971, while another memoir book was published in 1980, one year after his death. During his first book tour across Canada for Public Enemy Number One for McClelland & Stewart (published in the United States as The Alvin <mask> Story), Karpis, looking more like an

masks: Karpis Karpis Karpis Karpis Karpis


title: Alvin Karpis

texts:
 accountant than a gangster, still showed a dry sense of humor. In Edmonton, Alberta, while shuffling Karpis between various interviews with the media, M&S book rep Ruth Bertelsen made a stop at her bank. Asking Karpis if he wanted to come in with her, Karpis replied, "No, dear. You take care of the vault.I'll drive." He became a mentor to her young son until the sociopathy of some of his advice to her child angered Miss Bertelsen. He moved to Spain in 1973. On August 26, 1979, he died by what was originally ruled suicide by the authorities, as sleeping pills were found by his body, but later it was ruled death from natural causes. Some closer to the scene say foul play may have been involved. Robert Livesey, who co-wrote <mask>'s 1979 book, said <mask> was not the type to commit suicide. Livesey said Karpis was a survivor, having served 33 years in prison, and also stated <mask> was anticipating the publication of the book.Livesey believed Karpis had been introduced to pills and alcohol by his last girlfriend Nancy, to give a relaxing high, and perhaps Karpis accidentally over-indulged on one occasion, with fatal consequences. No autopsy was performed, and Karpis was buried the next day in Spain. See also
 List of Depression-era outlaws

References

External links
 FBI file on <mask>is
 Public Enemy No. 1
 <mask>is

1907 births
1979 deaths
American bank robbers
American expatriates in Spain
American people convicted of kidnapping
American people convicted of murder
American people of Lithuanian descent
Canadian bank robbers
Canadian people convicted of kidnapping
Canadian people convicted of murder
Canadian emigrants to the United States
Canadian gangsters
Canadian people of Lithuanian descent
Crimes in Minnesota
Criminals from Montreal
Deaths in Spain
Depression-era gangsters
Escapees from Kansas detention
Inmates of Alcatraz Federal

masks:
Karpis
Karpis
Karpis
Alvin Karp
Alvin Karp


title: Mellie Uyldert

texts:
<mask>  (31 May 1908 in Blaricum – 10 May 2009 in Bilthoven) was a Dutch New Age writer, alternative healer, occultist, and astrologer who published about 30 esoteric books, selling over a million copies, making her a recognized person in the Netherlands. Of a conservative, peculiar, poetic, eccentric character, she was also controversial because of several unsettling claims that caused antagonism. In the 1970s she became a celebrity on Dutch television. Her publications cover fairy tales, herbal medicine, stones, metals, health, and gnomes. She also wrote poems. Biography
Uyldert was the daughter of Marie Calisch, a teacher, and <mask>, both vegetarians who were followers of the back-to-nature Chaste Life movement. In 1912 her father Emil deserted the family, going to the United States and leaving Mellie’s mother the task of raising their daughter.At eighteen years old she became interested in astrology, taking her first lessons with a Freemason called Mr. Ram in Hilversum. In 1928 she joined the Dutch Philosophical Society ("Nederlandse Vereniging voor Filosofie") but at age twenty-first she left it for lessons in esoteric philosophy including Theosophy and Indian-style astrology. In the same year 1928 she began teaching astrology, and in 1934 she published her first book, the vegetarian cookbook Manual for the Modern Kitchen (Handleiding voor de moderne keuken), and in 1942 she started giving courses on herbs and lectures. From around 1947 she began writing in the "De Kaarsvlam" ("The Candle’s Flame"), a bimonthly magazine produced in both English and German for some years by

masks:
Mellie Uyldert
Emil Uyldert


title: Rondo Hatton

texts:
<mask> (April 22, 1894 – February 2, 1946) was an American journalist and actor. After writing for The Tampa Tribune, Hatton found a career in film due to his unique facial features, which were the result of acromegaly. He headlined horror films with Universal Studios near the end of his life, earning him a reputation as a cult icon. Early years
<mask> was born in the Kee Mar College girls' infirmary in Hagerstown, Maryland. The family moved several times during Hatton's youth before settling in Tampa, Florida. He starred in track and football at Hillsborough High School and was voted Handsomest Boy in his class his senior year. In Tampa, <mask> worked as a sportswriter for The Tampa Tribune.He continued working as a journalist until after World War I, when the symptoms of acromegaly developed. Acromegaly distorted the shape of <mask>'s head, face, and extremities in a gradual but consistent process. He eventually became severely disfigured by the disease. Because the symptoms developed in adulthood (as is common with the disorder), the disfigurement was incorrectly attributed later by film studio publicity departments to elephantiasis resulting from exposure to a German mustard gas attack during service in World War I. <mask> served in combat and served on the Pancho Villa Expedition along the Mexican border and in France during World War I with the United States Army, from which he was discharged due to his illness. Acting career
Director Henry King noticed <mask> when he was working as a reporter with The Tampa Tribune covering the filming of Hell Harbor (1930) and

masks:
Rondo Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton
Hatton


title: Rondo Hatton

texts:
 hired him for a small role. After some hesitation, <mask> moved to Hollywood in 1936 to pursue a career playing similar, often uncredited, bit and extra roles. His most notable of these was as a contestant-extra in the "ugly man competition" (which he loses to a heavily made up Charles Laughton) in the RKO production of The Hunchback of Notre Dame.He had another supporting-character role as Gabe Hart, a member of the lynch mob in the 1943 film of The Ox-Bow Incident. Universal Studios attempted to exploit <mask>'s unusual features to promote him as a horror star after he played the part of The Hoxton Creeper (aka The Hoxton Horror) in its ninth Sherlock Holmes film, The Pearl of Death (1944). He made two films playing "the Creeper", House of Horrors (filmed in 1945, but not released until 1946, after his death) and  The Brute Man (1946, also released posthumously). Death
Around Christmas 1945, <mask> suffered a series of heart attacks, a direct result of his acromegalic condition. On February 2, 1946, he suffered a fatal heart attack at his home on South Tower Drive in Los Angeles. His body was transported to Florida and interred at the American Legion Cemetery in Tampa. Legacy
Hatton's name – and simple but brutish face – have become recurring humorous motifs in popular culture.In season 6, episode 4 of the 1970s television series The Rockford Files ("Only Rock-n-Roll Will Never Die, part 1"), Jim Rockford, exasperated at a friend who dismisses himself as unattractive, exclaims "You're no <mask> Hatton!" Hatton's physical likeness inspired the Lothar character in Dave

masks: Hatton Hatton Hatton Rondo


title: Rondo Hatton

texts: Stevens's 1980s Rocketeer Adventure Magazine stories, and in Disney's 1991 film version, The Rocketeer, in which the character is played by actor Tiny Ron in prosthetic make-up. The 2000 AD comic book character Judge Dredd, who is rarely seen without his helmet, used "face-changing technology" to make himself look like Hatton in issue 52 (18 February 1978) – the first time the character's face was shown unobscured. The name "<mask> <mask>" was also in a list of suspects obtained by Dredd during the case. As the artist Brian Bolland revealed in an interview with David Bishop: "The picture of Dredd’s face – that was a 1940s actor called <mask> <mask>. I've only seen him in one film." Additionally, the character "The Creep" in the Dark Horse Presents comic-book series strongly resembled Hatton.<mask> is regularly name-checked in the novels of Robert Rankin, (often referred to as "the now-legendary <mask> <mask>") and credited as appearing in films that are either fictional, or in which he clearly had no part, such as the Carry On films. Rankin's references to Hatton routinely occur in the form of "he had a <mask> Hatton" (hat on). Another namecheck occurs in Rafi Zabor's PEN/Faulkner-award-winning 1998 novel The Bear Comes Home, where the name is used as a nickname for good-natured but unrefined minor character Tommy Talmo. In the 2004 Stephen King novel, The Dark Tower VII, a character is described as looking "like <mask> <mask>, a film actor from the 1930s, who suffered from acromegaly and got work playing monsters and psychopaths". The episode of Doctor Who entitled

masks: Rondo Hatton Rondo Hatton Hatton Rondo Hatton Rondo Rondo Hatton


title: Rondo Hatton

texts:
 "The Wedding of River Song" features Mark Gatiss as a character whose appearance (achieved through prosthetics) is based on <mask>'s, credited under the pseudonym "<mask> Haxton" for his performance. A documentary being produced in 2017, Rondo and Bob, and released in 2020, looks at the lives of Hatton and The Texas Chain Saw Massacre art director Robert A. Burns, a self-described expert on Hatton. The full story of <mask>'s life is sensitively told in the Scott Gallinghouse book "Rondo Hatton: Beauty Within the Brute" (BearManor Media, 2019), which also includes exhaustive production histories of his Universal horror films.Rondo Hatton Awards; cultural references
Since 2002, the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards have paid tribute to Hatton in name and likeness. The physical award is a representation of <mask>'s face, based on the bust of "The Creeper", whom Hatton portrayed in the 1946 Universal Pictures film House of Horrors. Filmography

References

Further reading
 "Rondo Hatton". The Tampa Bay Times. September 29, 1923. <mask>, <mask>. "Newshounds, Once Doughboys, Describe First Armistice Day: Southeast of Sedan".The Tampa Bay Times. November 12, 1928. External links

 The Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards
 <mask> <mask> as The Creeper in House of Horrors (TCM's Movie Morlocks)

1894 births
1946 deaths
20th-century American male actors
Burials in Florida
Male actors from Tampa, Florida
People from Hagerstown, Maryland
People with acromegaly
Sportswriters from Florida
Sportswriters from Maryland
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army

masks: Hatton Rondo Hatton Hatton Hatton Rondo Rondo Hatton


title: Margaret Danner

texts:
<mask> (1915–1984) (<mask>, <mask>) was an American poet, editor and cultural activist known for her poetic imagery and her celebration of African heritage and cultural forms. Early life and Chicago years
Born in 1915, <mask> came of age in Chicago during the Great Migration. Sources place her birth in Pryorsburg, Kentucky, in 1915, although she adamantly claimed Chicago as her birthplace. In eighth grade, she won first prize in a school contest for "The Violin", a poem describing Stradivarius and Guarnerius violins. Danner's college education included courses at Loyola University, Northwestern University, YMCA College, and the newly founded Roosevelt College. Perhaps equally significant was her education in the African-American cultural community of Chicago's South Side, which in the 1930s and 1940s harbored grassroots cultural institutions and informal circles devoted to politics, education, art and literature and often tied to the Communist Popular Front. Although Danner stayed detached from Communism and would eventually oppose all radical politics, she participated in various South Side groups, including Inez Cunningham Stark's poetry workshop at the South Side Community Art Center, along with Gwendolyn Brooks and <mask>, her "sometime friends (and rivals)."In 1946, Danner founded Art Associates to gather and promote Chicago's black writers and poets. She counted as friends the poet and critic Edward Bland, as well as Hoyt Fuller, who would head the revived Negro Digest (later Black World) beginning in 1951. Danner attracted mentors outside the South Side, including the poets Paul Eagle and Karl Shapiro. She also struck up a correspondence with Langston Hughes that would continue until his death. In 1945, she wrote to Hughes: "My life as a poet looks very bleak to me now.... Only last night I read one of mine and was told it was elusive, ethereal etc. Not much help for my people in

masks:
Margaret Danner
Margaret Esse Danner
Margaret Danner Cunningham
Margaret Esse Danner
Margaret Goss Burroughs


title: Margaret Danner

texts:
 that sort of verse." She aimed "to inject some strength" into her work and to train her naturally delicate style to carry forceful messages of African-American pride and racial equality, what she called "the social conscious"

Poems such as "Etta Moten's Attic" and "Africa, Drifting Through Me Sings" demonstrate Danner's growing passion for black African arts, cultures and peoples in the 1940s and 1950s.She looked to National Geographic magazines, anthropology books and American museums for information and images. Professing "the power of the African pull to be stronger than Western Civilization in my psyche," Danner framed many of her poems around encounters with African art objects. She wrote in 1968, "I believe (and have tried for many years to do something positive about this conviction) that the Black should be awakened to his vast beauty." Danner joined the staff of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse as an editorial assistant in 1951 and in 1956 became the first African American to serve as a Poetry assistant editor. "Far From Africa: Four Poems," which would become one of <mask>'s most anthologized works, appeared in Poetry in 1951 and earned her a John Hay Whitney fellowship for a trip to Africa, which she delayed until 1966. June M. Aldridge notes that Danner "recall[ed] the association with Poetry as one of the most rewarding experiences of her life." However, by the late 1950s, according to James Edward Smethurst, "Danner's career as a poet seemed to her stalled... perhaps in part due to her proclivity for intense emotional and intellectual crushes on individuals and near-paranoid fears of plots against her career."Details of Danner's personal life are scarce. She first married Cordell Strickland, with whom she had one child, Naomi. Danner later remarried to Otto Cunningham. Detroit years and Boone House
Danner moved to Detroit in 1959 to join that city's vibrant community of black


title: Margaret Danner

texts:
 writers and artists. She quickly became a part of the "Detroit Group," which included writers such as <mask>, Dudley Randall, Oliver LaGrone, Woodie King, Jr., James Thompson and Naomi Long Madgett. In 1962, Danner was named a poet-in-residence at Wayne State University. That same year, Danner talked a local Baptist pastor into lending her an empty parish house to found a cultural center for black writers, artists and musicians.Boone House became the artistic home of the Detroit group from 1962 to 1964 and hosted visitors such as Robert Hayden, Owen Dodson, Fuller and Hughes, who provided crucial support and publicity for several Boone House writers. The Boone House group also benefited from the attention of Rosey Pool, who included <mask> and four other Detroit writers in her 1962 anthology Beyond the Blues. Madgett remembered Boone House as an "old house [that] was beautiful in its details but in poor repair. It lacked central heat, some of the lights did not work, and the toilet lacked a seat, but we were glad to have this meeting place and to huddle together good-naturedly in front of the fireplace in cold weather." According to Randall, "At the Boone House poetry meetings we didn't criticize each other's work. It wasn't a workshop. Instead, we created a poetry community to inspire each other."At Boone House, <mask> and Randall collaborated on Poem Counterpoem (1966)—the first book out of Randall's Broadside Press, an important independent black publisher still in operation today. In 1962 <mask> was noted as "a fellow Bahai" in October 1962 in the foreword of her poem Through the Varied Patterned Lace published in the Negro History Bulletin while she lived in Detroit. She joined the Baháʼí Faith, which she shared with Robert Hayden; she was a touring poet sponsored by the Baháʼí Teaching Committee, and shared stories of her experiences promoting the religion. Later career
In 1966,

masks: Danner Danner Danner Danner


title: Margaret Danner

texts:
 <mask> took her long-desired trip to Africa through the John Hay Whitney Fellowship to join prominent African-American cultural figures at the First World Festival of Negro Arts in Dakar, Senegal. The poem "At Home in Dakar" (also published as "At Home in Africa") recalls this trip. <mask>'s enthusiasm for the Black Arts Movement emerging in the mid-1960s apparently "blew hot and cold." She presented the spiritual orientation of the Baháʼí Faith in some of her work.Still, she participated in conferences and readings with younger poets and generally supporting the new literary generation. As Negro Digest acknowledged in 1968, Danner's "poetry long had reflected the now-fashionable 'black is beautiful' philosophy." During terms as poet-in-residence at Virginia Union University in Richmond and LeMoyne-Owen College in Memphis, both historically black institutions, Danner continued her lifelong dedication to young people and edited two anthologies of students' verse. In the late 1960s and 1970s, <mask> published her third and fourth volumes of poetry, Iron Lace (1968) and The Down of a Thistle: Selected Poems, Prose Poems, and Songs (1976). Her work continued to draw upon African (as well as Western) art, flora and fauna, relationships with her fellow poets and scenes from urban life. Several of her poems address or discuss her grandson, Sterling Washington, Jr., whom she calls "Muffin," and who seems to represent an African-American future. Danner continued to be visible promoting her religion.<mask> <mask> died on January 1, 1984, in Chicago. Her papers are held by the University of Chicago library. Reception
"A word conjuror and artisan, she provides her reader with well-crafted 'word sketches' that are impressionistic and expressionistic. Her poetry, the result of a dialectic between voices of her past, present, and future, reveals her role and relation to a tradition of Western

masks:
Danner
Danner
Danner
Margaret Esse
Danner


title: Margaret Danner

texts:
 poetics; her artistic invention of poetry as a visual impression combines graphic social criticism and visual creation, that which is both didactic and mimetic, into an exciting synthesis of a new aesthetic; her verse makes her reader a viewer of art (synesthetic imagery) as well." Erlene Stetson

"One can perceive between the two covers of this one crafted volume, in its full imaginative scope, the web of intricate and brilliant imagery her pen has spun forth in the journey of a sensitive, independent and compassionate spirit across these turbulent times in this uncertain place." Samuel A. Allen

Bibliography

Poetry collections
 Impressions of African Art Forms, 1960
 To Flower, 1963
 Poem Counterpoem, with Dudley Randall, 1966
 Not Light, Nor Bright, Nor Feathery, 1968
 Iron Lace, 1968
 The Down of a Thistle: Selected Poems, Prose Poems, and Songs, 1976

Volumes edited
 Brass Horses, 1968
 Regroup, 1968

In anthologies (selected)
 Rosey E. Pool (ed. ), Beyond the Blues: New Poems by American Negroes.Lympne, Kent, UK: Hand and Flower Press, 1962. Arna Bontemps (ed. ), American Negro Poetry. Revised Edition. New York: Hill and Wang, 1974. King, Woodie, The Forerunners: Black Poets in America. Washington: Howard University Press, 1975.Erlene Stetson (ed. ), Black Sister: Poetry by Black American Women, 1746–1980. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981. Recordings
 Writers of the Revolution, with Langston Hughes (Black Forum; alternately Poets of the Revolution, Motown Records)

References

External links
 "<mask>ner + music, soul, poetry", Garlic & Greens, October 15, 2012. African-American poets
1915 births
1984 deaths
Writers from Chicago
Loyola University Chicago alumni
Northwestern University alumni
Roosevelt University alumni
American women poets
20th-century American poets
20th-century American women writers
Converts to the Bahá'í Faith
20th-century Bahá'ís
Kentucky


title: Philip Dunne (writer)

texts:
<mask> (February 11, 1908 – June 2, 1992) was a Hollywood screenwriter, film director and producer, who worked prolifically from 1932 until 1965. He spent the majority of his career at 20th Century Fox crafting well regarded romantic and historical dramas, usually adapted from another medium. Dunne was a leading Screen Writers Guild organizer and was politically active during the "Hollywood Blacklist" episode of the 1940s–1950s. He is best known for the films How Green Was My Valley (1941), The Ghost and Mrs. Muir (1947), The Robe (1953) and The Agony and the Ecstasy (1965). Dunne received two Academy Award nominations for screenwriting: How Green Was My Valley (1941) and David and Bathsheba (1951). He also received a Golden Globe nomination for his 1965 screen adaptation of Irving Stone's novel The Agony and the Ecstasy, as well as several peer awards from the Writers Guild of America (WGA), including the Laurel Award for Screenwriting Achievement. Many notable directors worked with Dunne's screenplays, including Carol Reed, John Ford, Jacques Tourneur, Elia Kazan, Otto Preminger, Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and Michael Curtiz, among others.Biography

Early life

Dunne was born in New York City, the son of Chicago syndicated columnist and humorist Finley <mask> and Margaret Ives (Abbott) <mask>, an Olympic champion golfer and the daughter of the Chicago Tribunes book reviewer and novelist, Mary Ives Abbott. Although a Roman Catholic, he attended Middlesex School (1920–1925) and Harvard University (1925–1929). Immediately after graduation, he boarded a train for Hollywood for his health and to seek work. First screenplays
Dunne was not initially interested in working in the film industry but that is the first place he got a job. Via a recommendation from a friend of his brother's he obtained work at Fox as a reader at $35 a week. Also among

masks:
Philip Ives Dunne
Peter Dunne
Dunne


title: Philip Dunne (writer)

texts:
 readers at the time was Leonard Spigelglass. Dunne later recalled:
We got nothing but the worst stuff; all the good books and plays went through the New York readers’ department.We got the pathetic originals written by out-of-work screenwriters. I kept seeing ways that I thought I could improve them. I'd write a synopsis, and I'd make it better. I couldn't help it. It would be an obvious thing that the guy had missed. And when you learn to synopsize a story, you learn to construct it. At the same time, I was moonlighting writing short stories, so all these things came together."In 1931, <mask> was fired from Fox after less than a year at the studio in a cost-cutting move. He was briefly under contract at MGM, writing a comedy for them, but was unhappy with his work and resigned after hanging in his first draft. This script was subsequently filmed as Student Tour (1934), which Dunne never saw. Dunne aso worked uncredited on Me and My Gal (1932). Career progress
The first important screenplay of Dunne's career was The Count of Monte Cristo (1934), produced by Edward Small. Dunne was brought on to the project after the novel had been distilled to a treatment by director Rowland V. Lee and Dan Totheroh, and Dunne helped finesse the script into scenes and did the dialogue. Dunne later credited Lee as an important mentor for him.Small kept Dunne on to work on the script for The Melody Lingers On (1935). He was also credited for Helldorado (1935), the latter at Fox for Jesse Lasky, another early mentor. He did some minor uncredited work on Under Pressure (1935) and Magnificent Obsession (1935). Dunne received a lot of acclaim for his adaptation of The Last of the Mohicans (1936) for Small which he wrote with John L. Balderstone. Dunne claimed the script was hurt by later rewrites from another writer, but the script, rather than the original


title: Philip Dunne (writer)

texts:
 spectacles with David and Bathsheba (1951), based on the story in the Bible but which Dunne considered his second "original".It was a huge hit. Zanuck put <mask> on Queen of Sheba but it was never made. He also wrote Anne of the Indies (1951) and Lydia Bailey (1952). Producer
<mask> turned producer with Way of a Gaucho (1952) which he also wrote. As a writer only he worked on The Robe (1953), the first movie in CinemaScope and a huge success. Dunne had enjoyed writing David and Bathsheba but said working on The Robe was "a chore" which he only did "as a favor to Zanuck". He was announced for a film The Story of Jezebel which was not made.Dunne wrote the sequel to The Robe, Demetrius and the Gladiators (1954), his third original, which was also a hit. However another spectacle Dunne wrote (from a draft by Casey Robinson), The Egyptian (1954), was a box-office disappointment. Dunne says he acted as an unofficial producer on this film. Director
Dunne was assigned to produce Prince of Players (1955) from a script by Moss Hart. When he could not find a director he was happy with, Darryl F. Zanuck suggested Dunne to do the job himself. Dunne later said "I started directing too late and, no question, at the wrong time. Twentieth Century Fox, the studio system, were falling apart.The boat had sailed." Dunne wrote, produced and directed The View from Pompey's Head (1955). He wrote and directed Hilda Crane (1956). That was produced by Herbert Swope who also produced Three Brave Men (1957) which Dunne wrote and directed. He directed and did some writing on In Love and War (1958), a war time drama, featuring many of the studio's young contract players. Edward Anhalt wrote it and Jerry Wald produced. Dunne wrote and directed two films for producer Charles Brackett: Ten North Frederick (1958) with Gary Cooper, and Blue Denim (1959).Later films
In

masks: Dunne Dunne


title: Philip Dunne (writer)

texts:
 1961, he directed Wild in the Country, starring Elvis Presley, from a screenplay by Clifford Odets and produced by Wald. In 1962, he directed Lisa, based on the novel The Inspector by Jan de Hartog and featuring Stephen Boyd and Dolores Hart, which was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Picture – Drama. Dunne did not write it. Dunne worked on The Agony and the Ecstasy (1965) as a writer only. Although based on a novel by Irving Stone, Dunne later said he considered this an original. "I called it Quirt and Flagg in the Sistine Chapel", he said later. He wrote and directed Blindfold (1966), at Universal.It was his last feature. He was reportedly working on an adaptation of The Consort a novel by Anthony Hextall Smith, but it was never made. The 1992 film The Last of the Mohicans, directed by Michael Mann and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, was based on Dunne's 1936 screenplay of the Fenimore Cooper novel. Other writing
In addition to screenwriting, Dunne wrote syndicated newspaper articles and was a contributor to The New Yorker and The Atlantic Monthly magazines. He wrote speeches for various Democratic politicians such as Adlai Stevenson. He also wrote a stage play, Mr. Dooley's America (1976), based on his father's humor, and another, Politics (1980). His books include Mr Dooley Remembers (1963) and Take Two: A Life in Movies and Politics (1980).His short stories appeared in the New Yorker and his essays were regular features of ''Time magazine, the Los Angeles Times, and the Harvard Review. Awards
He was a winner of the Laurel Award (1962) and the Valentine Davies Award (1974). The week before he died he was awarded a lifetime achievement award by the Writers Guild. Dunne has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, in front of 6725 Hollywood Boulevard, just west of Las Palmas Ave. Politics
<mask> was a co-founder of the Screen Writers


title: Philip Dunne (writer)

texts:
 Guild and served as vice-president of its successor, the Writers Guild of America, from 1938 to 1940. He later served on the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) from 1946 to 1948. Before World War II, he was a member of the Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies, a group founded in May 1940 that advocated military materiel aid to Britain as the best way to keep the United States out of the war.<mask> and the Hollywood Blacklist
Dunne was a key participant in the Hollywood Blacklist episode of the 1940s and 1950s. In 1947 he co-founded the Committee for the First Amendment with John Huston and William Wyler in response to hearings held by the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). <mask>, Huston, and Wyler, along with fellow members Humphrey Bogart, Lauren Bacall, Danny Kaye, and Gene Kelly, appeared before HUAC in Washington, D.C. in October 1947, protesting HUAC's activities and methods. <mask> was never subpoenaed or blacklisted himself, nor was he accused of any Communist Party affiliations. As a writer and director, Dunne frequently worked with others who either were, had been, or would become blacklisted, including Ring Lardner Jr., Clifford Odets, Albert Maltz, and Marsha Hunt. Additionally, Dunne was a character witness for Dalton Trumbo at the latter's trial for contempt of Congress. The original credits for The Robe (1953) gave Dunne the sole screenplay credit, when in fact Hollywood Ten member Albert Maltz had made significant contributions.In 1997, the WGA restored full writing credits to blacklisted writers whose names were left out of films they worked on. The following is from the WGA's "Blacklisted Writers Receive Credit" press release of April 2, 1997:

In the case of The Robe there was an extraordinary amount of information gathered to indicate that Maltz was

masks:
Philip Dunne
Dunne
Dunne


title: Philip Dunne (writer)

texts:
 entitled to shared screenplay credit. In addition, <mask>e did not believe he deserved sole screenplay credit but it was not until many years later that he learned that a blacklisted writer had worked on the project. <mask>, <mask>'s widow, confirms that <mask> would have been happy to share screenplay credit with Maltz. Dunne's political stance was decidedly liberal and reformist, but he was also determinedly anti-Communist. His involvement in the Committee for the First Amendment can arguably be read as just that—support for Constitutional free speech against a government entity (HUAC) that, to Dunne, seemed determined to usurp those rights. At various times dating to before the Second World War, he clashed with fellow members of the Screen Writers Guild who he felt were "pro-Stalin" Communists.<mask>'s anti-Communist leanings would seem to be verified by his uninterrupted employment as a screenwriter on major Hollywood productions throughout the blacklist period, despite his quite vocal denunciation of HUAC. Personal life
Dunne married the former Amanda Duff (1914–2006) on July 13, 1939. They had three children, Miranda, <mask>a, and Jessica. In 1980, he published his memoirs, Take Two: A Life in Movies and Politics. <mask> died of cancer on June 2, 1992, in Malibu, California, aged 84. Quotes
"Never in all my years in this chancy and unstable profession did I ever realize that I was sleepwalking along a precipice. I ignored the fact that the rate of professional mortality among screen writers is extremely high...It wasn't courage or arrogance or insensitivity; I suspect it was the irascible Horatio Alger in my blood.If I had it to do all over again I would perish of sheer fright." "All over town the industrious communist tail wagged the lazy liberal dog." "Had I known it was the Golden Age of Hollywood, I would have enjoyed it

masks:
Philip Dunn
Amanda Dunne
Philip
Philip
Dunne
Philipp
Dunne


title: Max Hopp

texts:
<mask> (born 20 August 1996) is a German professional darts player who competes in Professional Darts Corporation (PDC) events. Career
Hopp reached the final of the 2011 WDF World Cup boys' singles, and won the boys' singles event at the 2012 WDF Europe Youth Cup. He also reached the last 16 of the 2012 Dutch Darts Masters, defeating Terry Jenkins and Steve Beaton before losing to Paul Nicholson. Hopp qualified for the 2013 PDC World Darts Championship by winning the Central European Qualifier in Bielefeld and in doing so became the second-youngest player ever to compete at the championships after Mitchell Clegg. Hopp played Charl Pietersen of South Africa in the preliminary round winning by 4 legs to 1 to set up a first round match against Denis Ovens. Hopp took the first and third sets to lead the match 2–1, but then lost six legs in a row to bow out of the tournament with a 2–3 defeat. Hopp entered Q School in an attempt to win a PDC Tour Card to play the full circuit in 2013, but could not get past the last 64 in any of the four days.He qualified for the second European Tour event of the year, the European Darts Trophy and beat Dragutin Horvat 6–1 in the first round, before losing 3–6 to Dean Winstanley. Hopp also qualified for the European Darts Open and the Austrian Darts Open, but lost in the first round in both. These results helped him to qualify for the European Championship for the first time through the European Order of Merit. He faced Paul Nicholson in the first round and led 3–1, but would lose 4–6. Hopp beat Mark Walsh 6–4 in the opening round of the German Darts Championship and was then defeated 6–3 by Jamie Caven. Hopp lost in the semi-finals of the German World Championship Qualify to Andree Welge, but reached the tournament anyway due to finishing the year eighth on the European Order of Merit which saw him claim the first of four spots available to non-qualified players. Hopp played ninth seed Robert Thornton in the first round and won the first set, before going on to be


title: Max Hopp

texts:
 Darts Finals and saw off Dimitri Van den Bergh 6–3, before losing by a reversal of this scoreline to Peter Wright in the second round.In the final of the 2015 World Youth Championship, Hopp was never ahead of his opponent Nathan Aspinall until the final leg when he sealed the title with a 6–5 win. 2016
Hopp lost 3–1 to Benito van de Pas in the first round of the 2016 World Championship. He couldn't qualify for the UK Open, but at the fourth Players Championship he reached his first quarter-final in a year by seeing off Mensur Suljović 6–2. <mask> then lost by a reversal of this scoreline to Gerwyn Price. He claimed the fifth Development Tour title with a 4–2 victory over Steve Lennon. At the European Darts Matchplay, <mask> beat Joe Murnan 6–5, Ian White 6–2 and Terry Jenkins 6–3 to progress through to his first European Tour quarter-final, where he was defeated 6–4 by Peter Wright. He got to the second round of the European Championship by eliminating Benito van de Pas 6–4, but was heavily defeated 10–3 by James Wade.His World Youth title qualified <mask> for his first Grand Slam of Darts where he was beaten 5–4 by Brendan Dolan and defeated Martin Adams 5–2, but a 5–1 loss to Michael van Gerwen would see him finish third in Group A and exit the tournament. 2017
After eliminating Vincent van der Voort 3–1 at the 2017 World Championship, Hopp lost 4–0 to Kim Huybrechts in the second round. He teamed up with Martin Schindler at the World Cup and they played the Netherlands in the quarter-finals after overcoming Northern Ireland and Brazil. The match went to a doubles game after Schindler lost to Michael van Gerwen and Hopp beat Raymond van Barneveld 4–3 and Germany lost 4–1. He was also given an invite to play in the 2017 US Darts Masters, but was knocked out in the first round by Canada's Dave Richardson 6–3. He also qualified for the 2017 German Darts Masters, but was again knocked out 6–3 in the first round, this time by Gary Anderson. 2018
After failing to qualify for the 2018 World Championship,

masks: Hopp Hopp Hopp