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texts: somber, orchestrated folk tunes; one that, perhaps, "could have been a commercial blockbuster along with similarly themed work by Smashing Pumpkins, Nine Inch Nails and Nirvana". Instead, <mask> plucked one song from it—the Odelay album closer "Ramshackle"—and shelved the rest ("Brother" and "Feather In Your Cap" were, however, later released as B-sides). <mask> was introduced to the Dust Brothers, producers of the Beastie Boys' album Paul's Boutique, whose cut-and-paste, sample-heavy production suited <mask>'s vision of a more fun, accessible album. After a record executive explained that Odelay would be a "huge mistake", he spent many months thinking "that I'd blown it forever". Odelay was released on June 18, 1996, to commercial success and critical acclaim. The record produced several hit singles, including "Where It's At", "Devils Haircut", and "The New Pollution", and was nominated for the Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 1997, winning a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album as well as a Grammy Award for Best Male Rock Vocal Performance for "Where It's At".During one busy week in January 1997, he landed his Grammy nominations, appeared on Saturday Night Live and Howard Stern, and did a last-minute trot on The Rosie O'Donnell Show. The combined buzz gave Odelay a second wind, leading to an expanded fan base and additional exposure <mask> enjoyed but, like several executives at Geffen, was bewildered by the success of Odelay. He would often get recognized in public, which made him feel strange. "It's just weird. It doesn't feel right. It doesn't feel natural to me. I don't think


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type: original

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 I was made for that.I was never good at that," he later told Pitchfork. Odelay sold two million copies and put "one-hit wonder" criticisms to rest. During this time, he contributed the song "Deadweight" to the soundtrack of the film A Life Less Ordinary (1997). Mutations and Midnite Vultures (1998–2001)
Having not been in a proper studio since "Deadweight", <mask> felt anxious to "go in and just do some stuff real quick", and compiled several songs he had had for years. <mask> and his bandmates hammered out fourteen songs in fourteen days, although just twelve made it onto the album, 1998's Mutations. <mask> decided on Nigel Godrich, producer for Radiohead's OK Computer the previous year, to be behind the boards for the project. Godrich was leaving the United States for England in a short time, which led to the album's quick production schedule—"No looking back, no doctoring anything".The whole point of the record was to capture the performance of the musicians live, an uncharacteristic far-cry from the cut-and-paste aesthetic of Odelay. Though the album was originally slated for release by Bong Load Records, Geffen intervened and issued the record against <mask>'s wishes. The artist then sought to void his contracts with both record labels, and in turn the labels sued him for breach of contract. The litigation went on for years and it remains unclear to this day if it has ever been completely resolved. <mask> was later awarded Best Alternative Music Performance for Mutations at the 42nd Grammy Awards. Midnite Vultures, <mask>'s next studio effort, was originally recorded as a double album, and

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title: Beck

texts: more than 25 nearly completed songs were left behind. In the studio, <mask> and producers studied contemporary hip hop and R&B, specifically R. Kelly, in order to embrace and incorporate those influences in the way Al Green and Stax records had done in previous decades.In July 1998, a core group began to assemble at <mask>'s Pasadena home: bassist Justin Meldal-Johnsen, keyboardist Roger Joseph Manning Jr., and producer-engineers Mickey Petralia and Tony Hoffer. Dozens of session players passed through, including <mask>'s father, David Campbell, who played viola and arranged some of the strings. The musicians held communal meals and mountain-bike rides on dusty trails nearby, but remained focused on <mask>'s instructions: to make an up-tempo album that would be fun to play on tour night after night. "I had so many things going on", said <mask> of the recording process. "I had a couple of rooms of computers hooked up, I was doing B sides for Japan, I was programming beats in one room and someone would be cooking dinner in the other room." In November 1999, Geffen released the much-anticipated Midnite Vultures, which attracted confusion: "fans and critics misguidedly worried whether it was serious or a goof," and as a result, The New York Times wrote that the album "never won the audience it deserved". The record was supported by an extensive world tour.For <mask>, it was a return to the high-energy performances that had been his trademark as far back as Lollapalooza. The live stage set included a red bed that descended from the ceiling for the song "Debra", and the touring band was complemented by


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 a brass section. Midnite Vultures was nominated for Best Album at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards. Sea Change (2002–2003)
In 2000, <mask> and his fiancée, stylist Leigh Limon, ended their nine-year relationship. <mask> lapsed into a period of melancholy and introspection, during which he wrote the bleak, acoustic-based tracks later found on Sea Change. <mask> sat on the songs, not wanting to talk about his personal life; he later said that he wanted to focus on music and "not really strew my baggage across the public lobby". Eventually, however, he decided the songs spoke to a common experience (a relationship breakup), and that it would not seem self-indulgent to record them.In 2001, <mask> drifted back to the songs and called producer Nigel Godrich. Retailers initially predicted that the album would not receive much radio support, but they also believed that <mask>'s maverick reputation and critical acclaim, in addition to the possibility of multiple Grammy nominations, might offset Sea Changes noncommercial sound. Sea Change, issued by Geffen in September 2002, was regardless a commercial hit and critical darling, with Rolling Stone revering it as "the best album <mask> has ever made, [...] an impeccable album of truth and light from the end of love. This is his Blood on the Tracks." The album was later listed by the magazine as one of the best records of the decade and of all-time, and it also placed second on the year's Pazz & Jop Critics Poll. Sea Change yielded a low-key, theater-based acoustic tour, as well as a larger tour with The Flaming Lips as <mask>'s opening and backing band. <mask>

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 was playful and energetic, sometimes throwing in covers of The Rolling Stones, Big Star, The Zombies and The Velvet Underground.Following the release of Sea Change, <mask> felt newer compositions were sketches for something more evolved in the same direction, and wrote nearly 35 more songs in the coming months, keeping demos of them on tapes in a suitcase. During his solo tour, the tapes were left backstage during a stop in Washington, D.C., and <mask> was never able to recover them. It was disheartening to the musician, who felt the two years of songwriting represented something more technically complex. As a result, <mask> took a break and wrote no original compositions in 2003. Feeling as though it might take him a while to "get back to that [songwriting] territory", he entered the studio with Dust Brothers to complete a project that dated back to Odelay. Nearly half of the songs had existed since the 1990s. Guero and The Information (2004–2007)
Guero, <mask>'s eighth studio album, was recorded over the span of nine months during which several significant events occurred in his life: his girlfriend, Marissa Ribisi, became pregnant; they were married; their son, Cosimo, was born; and they moved out of Silver Lake.The collaboration with the Dust Brothers, his second, was notable for their use of high-tech measures to achieve a lo-fi sound. For example, after recording a "sonically perfect" version of a song at one of the nicest recording studios in Hollywood, the Dust Brothers processed it in an Echoplex to create a gritty, reverb-heavy sound: "We did this high-tech recording and ran it through

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texts: a transistor radio. It sounded too good, that was the problem." Initially due to be released in October 2004, Guero faced delays and did not come out till March 2005, though unmastered copies of the tracks surfaced online in January. Guero debuted at number two on the Billboard 200, selling 162,000 copies, an all-time sales high. Lead single "E-Pro" peaked at number one at Modern Rock radio, making it his first chart-topper since "Loser". <mask>, inspired by the Nintendocore remix scene and feeling a connection with its lo-fi, home-recording method, collaborated with artists 8-Bit and Paza on Hell Yes, an EP issued in February 2005.In December 2005, Geffen also issued Guerolito, a fully reworked version of Guero featuring remixes by the Beastie Boys' Ad-Rock, the Dust Brothers' John King and Scottish electronic duo Boards of Canada. Guerolito combines remixes previously heard as B-sides and new versions of album tracks to make a track-by-track reconfiguration of the album. Also released in 2005 was A Brief Overview, a 12-track promotional-only "History of Beck" compilation CD sampler that featured a combination of older and newer <mask> tracks. The Information, <mask>'s ninth studio album, began production around the same time as Guero, in 2003. Working with producer Nigel Godrich, <mask> built a studio in his garden, where they wrote many of the tracks. "The idea was to get people in a room together recording live, hitting bad notes and screaming," said <mask>, adding that the album is best described as "introspective hip hop". <mask> described the recording process as "painful", noting that he


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 edited down songs constantly and he perhaps recorded the album three times.For the release, <mask> was allowed for the first time to fulfill a long-running wish for an unconventional rollout: he made low-budget videos to accompany each song, packaged the CD with sheets of stickers so buyers could customize the cover, and leaked tracks and videos on his website months ahead of the album's release. Digital download releases automatically downloaded the song's additional video for each single sale, and physical copies came bundled with an additional DVD featuring fifteen videos. Modern Guilt (2008)
In 2007, <mask> released the single "Timebomb", which was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance. For his next studio effort, his tenth, <mask> tapped Danger Mouse to produce, and the two first met in December 2007 to record. The duo knocked out two tracks in two days, but the notion that the album would be finished in a timely fashion soon evaporated. <mask> had known Danger Mouse casually before, as many of his former musicians ended up working with Danger Mouse's side project, Gnarls Barkley. Still, the musicians were surprised at how well they got along.Following the grueling recording schedule, <mask> was exhausted, calling it "the most intense work I've ever done on anything", relating that he "did at least 10 weeks with no days off, until four or five in the morning every night." <mask>'s original vision was a short 10-track burst with two-minute songs, but the songs gradually grew as he fit 'two years of songwriting into two and a half months." Modern Guilt (2008) was


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 "full of off-kilter rhythms and left-field breakdowns, with an overall 1960s vibe." Record Club, Song Reader, production work and non-album singles (2009–2013)

Modern Guilt was the final release in <mask>'s contract with Geffen Records. <mask>, then 38, had held the contract since his early 20s. Released from his label contract and going independent, <mask> began working more heavily on his own seven-year-old label, which went through a variety of names. His focus on smaller, more quixotic projects, <mask> moonlighted as a producer, working with artists such as Charlotte Gainsbourg, Thurston Moore and Stephen Malkmus.<mask> worked for five or six days a week at the small studio on his property in Malibu, and founded Record Club, a project whereby an entire classic album—by The Velvet Underground, Leonard Cohen, INXS, Yanni—would be covered by another singer in the span of a single day. <mask> provided four songs for the film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World (2010), each attributed to the title character's fictional band, Sex Bob-Omb. <mask> also collaborated with Philip Glass, Jack White, Tobacco of Black Moth Super Rainbow, Jamie Lidell, Seu Jorge, Childish Gambino, and The Lonely Island. Song Reader, a project <mask> released in December 2012, is 20 songs presented only as sheet music, in the hopes that enterprising musicians will record their own versions. The idea of Song Reader came about nearly fifteen years prior, shortly after the release of Odelay. When sent a book of transcribed sheet music for that album, <mask> decided to play through it and grew interested in the world before recorded

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 sound. He aimed to keep the arrangements as open as possible, to re-create the simplicity of the standards, and became preoccupied with creating only pieces that could fit within the Great American Songbook.In 2013 <mask> began playing special Song Reader concerts with a variety of guests and announced he was working on a record of Song Reader material with other musicians as well as possibly a compilation of fan versions. In the summer of 2013, <mask> was reported to be working on two new studio albums: one a more self-contained acoustic disc in the vein of One Foot in the Grave and another described as a "proper follow-up" to Modern Guilt. <mask> expected to release both albums independently, and released two standalone singles over the course of the summer: the electro ballad "Defriended" and the chorus-heavy "I Won't Be Long". A third single, "Gimme", appeared on September 17. Morning Phase, Colors, and Hyperspace (2014–present)

In October 2013, <mask> signed to Capitol Records. On January 20, 2014, <mask> released the track "Blue Moon", which was to be the lead single for his twelfth studio album, Morning Phase. On February 4, second single "Waking Light" was released, just prior to the official release of Morning Phase on February 21, 2014.For the recording of the album, <mask> reunited with many of the same musicians with whom he had worked on the critically acclaimed 2002 album Sea Change, and likely because of this, it has been noted that the two albums have a similar genre. On February 8, 2015, at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, Morning Phase won three Grammys: Best Engineered Album,


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texts: Non-Classical; Best Rock Album; and Album of the Year. Upon receiving the Album of the Year award, the album beat out Pharrell Williams's G I R L, Beyoncé's self-titled album, Sam Smith's In the Lonely Hour, and Ed Sheeran's x. In the time after Morning Phases release and general critical success, <mask> mentioned that he had been working on another album at around the same time, but that the new album would be more of a pop record. Shortly after Morning Phases Grammy wins, on June 15, 2015, <mask> released the first single titled "Dreams" off this upcoming thirteenth studio album. "I was really trying to make something that would be good to play live," he said shortly after its release. However, no further word was heard from <mask> pertaining to the release of the album.On June 2, 2016, almost a year after the initial release of "Dreams", <mask> released a new single titled "Wow", along with a lyric video of the song and an announcement that his still untitled album would be released on October 21, 2016. In September 2016, the album was delayed with no new release date announced and, on September 24, <mask> said he did not know "when it's coming out. It's probably in a few months." Once again, however, no further singles were released and no new release date was scheduled for the album. On September 8, 2017, <mask> released the single "Dear Life", which was quickly followed up with the official release of "Up All Night" on September 18. Colors was released on October 13, 2017. It was recorded at co-executive producer Greg Kurstin's Los Angeles studio, with <mask> and Kurstin playing nearly

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 every instrument themselves.The experimental pop-fused record received generally positive reviews from critics. On July 18, 2018, <mask> performed the title track Colors, and the first single "Wow" on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert. On April 15, 2019, <mask> released a single co-produced with Pharrell Williams titled "Saw Lightning" from his fourteenth studio album, titled Hyperspace. The song "Dark Places" was released on November 6, with the album being released on November 22. Collaborations and contributions
In 1999, <mask> contributed to a tribute album for Bruce Haack and Esther Nelson and their label Dimension 5 Records. The album, Dimension Mix, released in 2005, was a benefit for Cure Autism Now that was produced by Ross Harris, an early collaborator who designed the artwork for Mellow Gold. On June 20, 2009, <mask> announced that he was starting an experiment called Record Club, in which he and other musicians would record cover versions of entire albums in one day.The first album covered by Beck's Record Club was The Velvet Underground & Nico. Starting on June 18, the club began posting covers of songs from the album on Thursday evenings, each with its own video. On September 4, 2009, Beck announced the second Record Club album, Songs of Leonard Cohen. Contributors included MGMT, Devendra Banhart, Andrew Stockdale of Wolfmother and Binki Shapiro of Little Joy. In the third Record Club venture, Wilco, Feist, Jamie Lidell and James Gadson joined Beck to cover Skip Spence's Oar. The first song, "Little Hands", was posted on Beck's website on November 12, 2009. The Record Club has


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texts: since covered albums by INXS and Yanni.On June 19, 2009, <mask> announced Planned Obsolescence, a weekly DJ set put together by <mask> or guest DJs. Soon after, on July 7, <mask> announced that his website would be featuring "extended informal conversations with musicians, artists, filmmakers, and other various persons" in a section called Irrelevant Topics. Then, on July 12, he added a section called Videotheque, which he said would contain "promotional videos from each album, as well as live clips, TV show appearances and other rarities". Also in 2009, <mask> collaborated with Charlotte Gainsbourg on her album IRM, which was released in January 2010. <mask> wrote the music, co-wrote the lyrics, and produced and mixed the album. The lead single, "Heaven Can Wait", is a duet by <mask> and Gainsbourg. In late February 2010, it was announced that electronic artist Tobacco of Black Moth Super Rainbow had collaborated with <mask> on two songs, "Fresh Hex" and "Grape Aerosmith", on his upcoming album Maniac Meat.Tobacco revealed that in making the album, <mask> sent the vocal parts to him, and that they had never actually met. In March 2010, <mask> revealed that he had produced songs for the new Jamie Lidell album, Compass. In the summer of 2010, <mask> contributed songs to both The Twilight Saga: Eclipse soundtrack, with "Let's Get Lost" (a duet with Bat for Lashes), and True Blood (HBO Original Series Soundtrack, Vol. 2), with "Bad Blood". He also contributed songs to the soundtrack of Edgar Wright's film Scott Pilgrim vs. the World, which was released in August 2010. In 2011, he collaborated with

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title: Beck

texts: Seu Jorge on a track titled "Tropicália (Mario C. 2011 Remix)" for the Red Hot Organization's most recent charitable album Red Hot+Rio 2, a follow-up to the 1996 album Red Hot + Rio. Proceeds from the sales will be donated to raise awareness and money to fight AIDS/HIV and related health and social issues.He also contributed on the song "Attracted to Us" on Turtleneck & Chain, the second album from The Lonely Island. Also in 2011, <mask> produced a solo album by Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth called Demolished Thoughts. An album he produced for Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks, Mirror Traffic, was released in August 2011. In October 2011, it was widely reported that <mask> and producer Hector Castillo were collaborating with American composer Philip Glass to produce a remix album of the composer's works in honor of his 75th birthday. The album, Rework Philip Glass Remixed, was released on October 23, 2012, to critical acclaim, and featured <mask> as both a curator and a performer. In particular, Pitchfork described <mask>'s 22-minute contribution to the album, "NYC: 73–78", as "a fantasia ... the most startling and original piece of music with <mask>'s name on it in a while, and the first new work to bear his own spirit in even longer." Reflecting on <mask>'s contribution to the album, Glass remarked that he was "impressed by the novelty and freshness of a lot of the ideas".Beyond his work as a performer, <mask> acted as the album's curator, bringing together a diverse collection of artists—including Amon Tobin, Tyondai Braxton, Nosaj Thing, and Memory Tapes—whose work had also been influenced by


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texts: Glass. In December 2012, an interactive iPhone app titled "Rework_" was released to complement the album. <mask> has contributed three new songs—"Cities", "Touch the People" and "Spiral Staircase"—to the video game Sound Shapes for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Vita. <mask> collaborated on two songs for Childish Gambino's "Royalty" mixtape in 2012. In 2014, <mask> collaborated with Sia for the song "Moonquake Lake", which is featured in the soundtrack for the 2014 Annie film. In 2015, <mask> collaborated with former Fun. frontman Nate Ruess on the single "What This World Is Coming To", which was one of the Grammy-winning artist's many works featured on his debut solo album Grand Romantic released in June 2015.He also collaborated with electronic dance music duo The Chemical Brothers on their most recent album Born in the Echoes, providing lead vocals and also credited in writing for the track "Wide Open", released in July. In 2016, <mask> collaborated with French electronic music band M83, providing vocals for the song "Time Wind" from their album Junk. He was also featured on "Tiny Cities" by Flume. He also collaborated with Lady Gaga on the song "Dancin' in Circles", from her 2016 album Joanne. In 2017, <mask> appeared in the multiple award-winning film The American Epic Sessions, directed by Bernard MacMahon. He recorded "14 Rivers, 14 Floods" backed by a full gospel choir, live onto the first electrical sound recording system from the 1920s. In 2019, <mask> worked with Jenny Lewis on the song "Do Si Do" from her album On the Line.He also collaborated with Cage the Elephant on


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 the song "Night Running" from their album Social Cues. In 2020, <mask> collaborated with virtual band Gorillaz to create the song "The Valley of the Pagans" which appears on Song Machine, Season One: Strange Timez. In 2021, <mask> collaborated with Paul McCartney to make his hit single "Find My Way" on the album McCartney III Imagined. As for festival stages the artist was inter alia part of the Newport Folk Festival in July. Musical style
<mask>'s musical style has been considered alternative and indie. He has played many of the instruments in his music himself. <mask> has also done some remixes for fellow artists, notably David Bowie and Björk.He has been known to synthesize several musical elements together in his music, including folk, psychedelia, electronic, country, Latin music, hip hop, funk, soul, blues, noise music, jazz, and many types of rock. He has also taken music from Los Angeles as a reference point in his songs. Pitchfork Media applauded Midnite Vultures, saying, "<mask> wonderfully blends Prince, Talking Heads, Paul's Boutique, 'Shake Your Bon-Bon', and Mathlete on Midnite Vultures, his most consistent and playful album yet." The review commented that his mix of "goofy piety and ambiguous intent" helped the album. A <mask> song called "Harry Partch", a tribute to the composer of the same name and his "corporeal" music, employs Partch's 43-tone scale. Art career
During 1998, <mask>'s art collaborations with his grandfather Al Hansen were featured in an exhibition titled "Beck & Al Hansen: Playing With Matches", which showcased solo and collaborative collage, assemblage, drawing


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 and poetry works. The show toured from the Santa Monica Museum of Art to galleries in New York City and Winnipeg, Manitoba, in Canada.A catalog of the show was published by Plug in Editions/Smart Art Press. Personal life
<mask>'s nine-year relationship with designer Leigh Limon and their subsequent breakup is said to have inspired his 2002 album, Sea Change. He wrote most of the songs for the album in one week after the breakup. In April 2004, shortly before the birth of their son Cosimo Henri, <mask> married actress Marissa Ribisi, the twin sister of actor Giovanni Ribisi. Their daughter, Tuesday, was born in 2007. <mask> filed for divorce from Ribisi on February 15, 2019. Their divorce was finalized on September 3, 2021.<mask> has described himself as both Jewish and a Scientologist. Through his parents, he has been involved in Scientology for most of his life; his ex-wife, Marissa, is also a second-generation Scientologist. He publicly acknowledged his affiliation for the first time in a New York Times Magazine interview on March 6, 2005. Further confirmation came in an interview with the Sunday Tribune in June 2005, where he stated, "Yeah, I'm a Scientologist. My father has been a Scientologist for about 35 years, so I grew up in and around it." Despite this, <mask> disavowed previous reports of his being a Scientologist in a November 2019 interview with the Sydney Morning Herald and said, "I think there's a misconception that I'm a Scientologist. I'm not a Scientologist.I don't have any connection or affiliation with it." He added that "I was raised celebrating Jewish holidays, and I

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 consider myself Jewish." As mentioned above, <mask>'s mother is former Andy Warhol The Factory collaborator, artist/writer/performer Bibbe Hansen. His siblings are fiber artist Channing Hansen (born in 1972 in Los Angeles, California) and poet Rain Whittaker. <mask> suffered a spinal injury while filming the music video for 2005's "E-Pro". The incident was severe enough to curtail his touring schedule for a few years, but he has since recovered. Appearances in media
The 1986 punk rock musical film Population: 1, starring Tomata du Plenty of The Screamers, features a young <mask> in a small nonspeaking role.<mask> also appears in Southlander (2001), an American independent film by Steve Hanft and Ross Harris. <mask> has performed on Saturday Night Live seven times. During his 2006 performance in the Hugh Laurie episode, <mask> was accompanied by the puppets that had been used onstage during his world tour. He has made two cameo appearances as himself on Saturday Night Live: one in a sketch about medicinal marijuana, and one in a VH1 Behind the Music parody that featured "Fat Albert & the Junkyard Gang". <mask> performed a guest voice as himself on Matt Groening's animated show Futurama, in the episode "Bendin' in the Wind". He performed in episode 10 of the fourth season of The Larry Sanders Show, in which the producer character Artie (Rip Torn) referred to him as a "hillbilly from outer space". He also made a very brief voice appearance in the 1998 cartoon feature film The Rugrats Movie, and guest-starred as himself in a 1997 episode of Space Ghost Coast to Coast titled "Edelweiss".On January 22,


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texts: 2010, <mask> appeared on the last episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien as a backup guitarist for a Will Ferrell-led rendition of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Free Bird" alongside ZZ Top guitarist Billy Gibbons, Ben Harper, and O'Brien himself on guitar. On March 1, 2014, <mask> was the musical guest on a Saturday Night Live episode hosted by Jim Parsons. <mask> also appeared, as himself, in the 2017 film The Circle, giving a musical performance of the song

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<mask> (died 18 May 1554), a Welshman from Llanigon, Brecknockshire, was a scholar of Italian and Italian history, politician and a clerk of the Privy Council under Edward VI. <mask> was executed for treason after the collapse of Wyatt's Rebellion under Mary I. Early years
<mask> was a native of Llanigon, and brother to Sir <mask>, clerk of Meline, Pembrokeshire and of Llanigon as shown in the Heraldic Visitations of Wales by Lewis Dwnn. His biographer in The History of Parliament has estimated his birth year as "by 1524". He was presumably educated at Oxford University, where a person of both his name was admitted bachelor of the canon law on 2 December 1529. He may also have been the <mask> who, along with two other commissioners, inquired into and reported on 27 January 1534 to <mask> from Ludlow on certain extortions in Radnorshire and the Welsh marches. Early work
In 1544 he was, according to his own account "constrained by misfortune to abandon the place of his nativity", perhaps for his religious opinions.He spent the next five years abroad, chiefly in Italy, and is mentioned in 1545 as being commissioned to pay some money to Sir Anthony Browne in Venice. In February 1547, when the news of the death of Henry VIII reached Italy, <mask> was at Bologna, where, in the course of a discussion with some Italian gentlemen, he defended the personal character and public policy of the deceased king. He subsequently drew up a narrative of the discussion, and an Italian version was issued abroad in 1552. There is a copy in the British Library bearing the title, II Pellegrino Inglese ne'l quale si defende l' innocente & la sincera vita de'l pio & religioso re d' Inghilterra Henrico ottauo. He also wrote, but did not publish, an English version, to which he added a dedication to the Italian poet Pietro Aretino, and a copy of this, possibly in <mask>'s own writing, is preserved among the Cottonian

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 MSS. at the British Museum. <mask>'s work is specially valuable as representing the popular view of the character of Henry VIII current in England at the time of his death.It is not free from mistakes, but the Victorian historian James Anthony Froude wrote of it that it had "the accuracies and the inaccuracies" which might be naturally expected "in any account of a series of intricate events given by memory without the assistance of documents". From Bologna <mask> appears to have gone to Padua, whence on 3 February 1549 he forwarded to his "verie good friende Maister [John] Tamwoorth at Venice" an Italian primer which he had undertaken at his request. This Tamworth showed to Sir Walter Mildmay, who, approving of it, "caused it to be put in printe", under the title of Principal Rules of the Italian Grammer, with a Dictionarie for the better understandynge of Boccace, Petrarcha, and Dante, gathered into this tongue by <mask>. It was printed by Berthelet in 1550, subsequent editions being brought out by H. Wykes in 1560 and 1567, and by T. Powell in 1562. This was the first work of its kind in English. During the summer of 1549 <mask> appears to have returned to England "highly fam'd for his travels through France and Italy", and bringing home with him another work, the result of his Italian studies, which was also published by Berthelet under the title The Historie of Italie ... (1549). This work was dedicated, under the date of 20 September 1549, to John Dudley, Earl of Warwick.It is believed to have been suppressed and publicly burnt, probably after <mask>'s execution, yet it was twice reprinted by <mask>, in 1561 and (with cuts) in 1562. He was elected Member of Parliament for Old Sarum in the parliament called in 1549, but did not serve the entire term. Appointments to Edward VI
On 19 April 1550, partly owing to his knowledge of modern languages, but chiefly perhaps for his defence of

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Thomas Marshe


title: William Thomas (scholar)

texts: the late king, <mask> was appointed one of the clerks of the privy council, and was sworn in on the same day at Greenwich. Possibly a portion of the register of the council for the next year is in his autograph. The new clerk had "his fortunes to make", and, though not a spiritual person, he 'greedily affected a certain good prebend of St. Paul's', which, doubtless at his instigation, the council on 23 June 1550 agreed to settle on him. Ridley, who had intended this preferment for his chaplain Grindal, stigmatised <mask> as "an ungodly man", and resisted the grant, but without success; for when the prebend fell vacant, it was conveyed to the king, "for the furnishing of his stables", and its emoluments granted to <mask>. This "unreasonable piece of covetousness" was, in John Strype's opinion, "the greatest blur sticking upon" <mask>'s character.Among many other grants which <mask> received was that of the tolls of Presteign, Builth, and 'Elvael' in Radnorshire on 27 December 1551, and the parsonage of Presteign with the patronage of the vicarage on 26 October 1552. These were in addition to a sum of £248 previously given him "by waie of rewarde", 7 January 1551 In April 1551 he was appointed member of the embassy which, with the Marquis of Northampton at its head, proceeded in June to the French king, to negotiate the marriage of Princess Elizabeth of France to Edward. To cover his expenses, he was granted imprests amounting to £300; and on 26 June he was despatched to England with letters to the council asking for further instructions, with which he probably returned to France. While clerk of the council <mask> became a sort of political instructor to the young king, who appears to have narrowly watched the proceedings of his council, and, without the knowledge of its members, sought <mask>'s opinion on their policy and on the principles of government generally. The nature of this

masks: Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas Thomas


title: William Thomas (scholar)

texts:
 teaching may be gathered from a series of eighty-five questions drawn by <mask> for the king, and still preserved, along with a prefatory letter, in his own writing at the British Museum; they were printed in Strype's Ecclesiastical Memorials. Another autograph manuscript in the same collection contains six political discourses confidentially written for the king. These were published in their entirety, while that treating of foreign affairs was summarised by Burnet, and printed by Froude.Some further commonplaces of state drawn up by <mask> for the king's use are also printed in Strype. Froude suggests that <mask>'s teaching, if not his hand, is also perceptible in the king's journal. He also dedicated to the king as "a poore newe yeres gift", probably in January 1551, an English translation from the Italian of Josaphat Barbaro's account of his voyages to the east, which had been first published in Venice in 1543. With an introduction by Lord Stanley of Alderley, <mask>'s translation was published by the Hakluyt Society in a volume of Travels to Tana and Persia (London, 1873). <mask>'s manuscript is still preserved at the British Library. He was MP for Downton, Wiltshire in the young king's last parliament, called in March 1553. Charges of treason
Influential as was <mask>'s position at court, it was not free from danger, and, realising this, he vainly asked to be sent on government business to Venice.<ref> cites: Cal.State Papers, Dom. ;; 1547–80, p. 43).</ref> On the accession of Mary, <mask> lost all his preferments, including his employment at court, because "he had (it is said) imbibed the principles of Christopher Goodman against the regimen of women, and too freely vented them". He attached himself to the ultra-Protestant party, and according to Bale designed the murder of Bishop Gardiner, but of this there is no evidence. He took an active part in Sir <mask>'s conspiracy. On 27

masks:
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Wyatt


title: William Thomas (scholar)

texts: December 1553 he left London for Mohuns Ottery in Devonshire, the residence of Sir Peter Carew, who was the leader of the disaffected in the west; but when Carew failed to raise the west, <mask> on 2 February 1554 fled, going "from county to county, in disguise, not knowing where to conceal himself; and yet he did not desist from sending seditious bills and letters to his friends declaring his treasonable intentions, in order that he might induce them to join him in his treasons". Probably his intention was to escape to Wales, but he went no further than Gloucestershire, with which county he had some previous connection. He was arrested, and on 20 February he was committed to the Tower along with Sir Nicholas Throckmorton.Conscious "that he should suffer a shameful death", he attempted on the 26th to commit suicide "by thrusting a knife into his body under his paps, but the wound did not prove mortal". He was put on the rack with the view of extracting some statement implicating the Princess Elizabeth, and it was probably to prevent this that he attempted suicide. The chief evidence against him, apart from his sojourn at Sir Peter Carew's house, was the confession of a fellow conspirator, Sir Nicholas Arnold, who alleged that on the announcement of the proposed marriage between Mary and Philip II of Spain, <mask> "put various arguments against such marriage in writing", and finally on 22 December suggested that the difficulty might be solved by asking one John Fitzwilliams to kill the queen. This "devyse" was communicated to Sir <mask>, who, when suing for pardon during his own trial, said that he had indignantly repudiated it. Throckmorton, however, when his own trial came on, traversed the allegations of Arnold, who (he said) sought "to discharge himself if he could so transfer the devise to <mask>". In support of his statement he asked that the court should examine Fitzwilliams, who

masks:
Thomas
Thomas
Thomas Wyatt
William Thomas


title: William Thomas (scholar)

texts:
 was prepared to give evidence, but was denied audience, at the request of the attorney-general. When, however, <mask>'s own trial came on at the Guildhall on 8 May, he was found guilty of treason; and, on the 18th, was drawn upon a sled to Tyburn, where he was hanged, beheaded, and quartered, making "a right godly end", saying at his death that "he died for his country".On the following day his head was set on London Bridge "and iii. quarters set over Crepullgate", whereabouts he had perhaps previously lived. In a private act of parliament, passed on the accession of Elizabeth, <mask>'s name was included among those whose heirs and children were restored in blood after their attainder, but it is not known whether he was married or had a family. Appreciation
<mask> was a shrewd observer of men and affairs, but, according to Wood, had a "hot fiery spirit", which was probably the cause of most of his troubles. He was certainly "one of the most learned of his time". His Italian grammar and dictionary were the first works of the kind published in English, while his History of Italy was formerly held in the highest esteem for its comprehensive account of the chief Italian states. All his works are remarkable for their methodical arrangement, his style is always lucid, and his English shows "much better orthography than that current at a later period".Notes

References

Attribution

Further reading
 Edward Chaney, The Evolution of the Grand Tour'', 2nd ed. (Routledge, 2000). 1554 deaths
English translators
Welsh expatriates in Italy
Executed Welsh people
People executed under the Tudors for treason against England
Clerks of the Privy Council
Year of birth unknown
16th-century Welsh people
People executed by Tudor England by hanging, drawing and quartering
People from Radnorshire
People executed under Mary I of England
People executed by Tudor England by decapitation
Welsh politicians convicted

masks: Thomas Thomas Thomas


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts:
<mask> (c. 1572 – 25 August 1632) was an English Elizabethan dramatist and pamphleteer, a versatile and prolific writer, whose career spanned several decades and brought him into contact with many of the period's most famous dramatists. Early life
Little is known of <mask>'s early life or origins. From references in his pamphlets, <mask> is believed to have been born in London around 1572, but nothing is known for certain about his youth. His last name suggests Dutch ancestry, and his work, some of which is translated from Latin, suggests that he attended grammar school. <mask> embarked on a career as a theatre writer in the middle 1590s. His handwriting is found in the manuscript of Sir <mask>, though the date of his involvement is undetermined. More certain is his work as a playwright for the Admiral's Men of Philip Henslowe, in whose account book he is first mentioned in early 1598.While there are plays connected with his name performed as early as 1594, it is not clear that he was the original author; his work often involved revision and updating. Between 1598 and 1602, he was involved in about forty plays for Henslowe, usually in collaboration. To these years belong the collaborations with Ben Jonson and John Marston, which presumably contributed to the War of the Theatres in 1600 and 1601. But <mask> is credited as the sole author of The Shoemaker's Holiday (1599), his acknowledged masterpiece – a boisterous, rowdy comedy of London life as seen through the eyes of a romanticist. Francis Meres includes <mask>

masks:
Thomas Dekker
Dekker
Dekker
Career Dekker
Thomas More
Dekker
Dekker


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts:
 in his list of notable playwrights in 1598. For Jonson, however, <mask> was a bumbling hack, a "dresser of plays about town"; Jonson lampooned <mask> as Demetrius Fannius in Poetaster and as Anaides in Cynthia's Revels. <mask>'s riposte, Satiromastix, performed both by the Lord Chamberlain's Men and the child actors of Paul's, casts Jonson as an affected, hypocritical Horace.Satiromastix marks the end of the "poetomachia"; in 1603, Jonson and <mask> collaborated again, on a pageant for the Royal Entry, delayed from the coronation of James I, for which <mask> also wrote the festival book The Magnificent Entertainment. After this commission, however, the early Jacobean period was notably mixed for the author. In late 1602, he appears to have broken his association with Henslowe, for unknown reasons. He wrote for Worcester's Men for a time, then returned to the Admiral's Men (now patronized by Prince Henry) to produce The Honest Whore, an apparent success. But the failures of The Whore of Babylon (1607) and If This Be Not a Good Play, the Devil is in It (1611) left him crestfallen; the latter play was rejected by Prince Henry's Men before failing for Queen Anne's Men at the Red Bull Theatre. Legal troubles
In 1612, <mask>'s lifelong problem with debt (he had earlier, 1599, been imprisoned in Poultry Compter) reached a crisis when he was imprisoned in the King's Bench Prison on a debt of forty pounds to the father of John Webster. He remained there for seven years, and despite the support of associates such as Edward

masks: Dekker Dekker Dekker Dekker Dekker Dekker


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts:
 Alleyn and Endymion Porter, these years were difficult; <mask> reports that the experience turned his hair white.He continued as pamphleteer throughout his years in prison. Later years
On release, he resumed writing plays, now with collaborators both from his generation (John Day and John Webster) and slightly younger writers (John Ford and Philip Massinger). Among these plays is one, Keep the Widow Waking (1624, with Ford, Webster, and William Rowley), which dramatized two recent murders in Whitechapel. In the latter half of the decade, <mask> turned once more to pamphlet-writing, revamping old work and writing a new preface to his most popular tract, The Bellman of London. <mask> published no more work after 1632, and he is usually associated with the "<mask>, householder", who was buried at St. James's in Clerkenwell that year. Work

Drama
When <mask> began writing plays, <mask> and <mask> were still alive; when he died, John Dryden had already been born. Like most dramatists of the period, he adapted as well as he could to changing tastes; however, even his work in the fashionable Jacobean genres of satire and tragicomedy bears the marks of his Elizabethan training: its humour is genial, its action romantic.The majority of his surviving plays are comedies or tragicomedies. Most of <mask>'s work is lost. His apparently disordered life, and his lack of a firm connection (such as Shakespeare or Fletcher had) with a single company, may have militated against the preservation or publication of manuscripts. Close to

masks:
Dekker
Dekker
Death Dekker
Thomas Dekker
Dekker
Thomas Nashe
Thomas Lodge
Dekker


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts: twenty of his plays were published during his lifetime; of these, more than half are comedies, with three significant tragedies: Lust's Dominion (presumably identical to The Spanish Moor's Tragedy, written with Day, Marston, and William Haughton, 1600), The Witch of Edmonton (with Ford and Rowley, 1621), and The Virgin Martyr (with Massinger, 1620). The first phase of <mask>'s career is documented in Henslowe's diary. His name appears for the first time in connection with "fayeton" (presumably, Phaeton) in 1598. There follow, before 1599, payments for work on The Triplicity of Cuckolds, The Mad Man's Morris, and Hannibal and Hermes.He worked on these plays with Robert Wilson, Henry Chettle, and Michael Drayton. With Drayton, he also worked on history plays on the French civil wars, Earl Godwin, and others. In 1599, he wrote plays on Troilus and Cressida, Agamemnon (with Chettle), and Page of Plymouth. In that year, also, he collaborated with Chettle, Jonson, and Marston on a play about Robert II. 1599 also saw the production of three plays that have survived. It was during this year that he produced his most famous work, The Shoemaker's Holiday, or the Gentle Craft, categorised by modern critics as citizen comedy. This play reflects his concerns with the daily lives of ordinary Londoners, and contains the poem The Merry Month of May.This play exemplifies his intermingling of everyday subjects with the fantastical, embodied in this case by the rise of a craftsman to Mayor and the involvement of an unnamed but


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts: idealised king in the concluding banquet. Old Fortunatus and Patient Grissel, the latter on the folkloric theme treated by Chaucer in The Clerk's Tale. In 1600, he worked on The Seven Wise Masters, Fortune's Tennis, Cupid and Psyche, and Fair Constance of Rome. The next year, in addition to Satiromastix, he worked on a play possibly about Sebastian of Portugal and Blurt, Master Constable, on which he may have worked with <mask>. In 1602 he revised two older plays, Pontius Pilate (1597) and the second part of Sir John Oldcastle. He also collaborated on Caesar's Fall, Jephthah, A Medicine for a Curst Wife, Sir <mask> (on Wyatt's rebellion), and Christmas Comes But Once a Year. Except for Blurt, which was performed by the Blackfriars Children, the earlier of these works were performed at the Admiral's Fortune Theatre.After 1602, <mask> split his attention between pamphlets and plays; thus, his dramatic output decreased considerably. He and Middleton wrote The Honest Whore for the Fortune in 1604, and <mask> wrote a sequel himself the following year. The <mask> collaboration The Family of Love also dates from this general era. <mask> and Webster wrote Westward Ho and Northward Ho for Paul's Boys. The failures of the anti-Catholic Whore of Babylon and tragicomic If This Be Not... have already been noted. The Roaring Girl, a city comedy that incorporates the real-life contemporary figure 'Moll Cutpurse', otherwise known as Mary Frith, was a collaboration with Middleton in 1611. In the same year, he also wrote another

masks:
Thomas Middleton
Thomas Wyatt
Dekker
Dekker
Middleton Dekker
Dekker


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts:
 tragicomedy called Match Me in London.During his imprisonment, <mask> did not write plays. After his release, he collaborated with Day on Guy of Warwick (1620), The Wonder of a Kingdom (1623), and The Bellman of Paris (1623). With Ford, he wrote The Sun's Darling (1624), The Fairy Knight (1624), and The Bristow Merchant (1624). He also wrote the tragicomedy The Noble Spanish Soldier (1622) and later reworked material from this play into a comedic form to produce The Welsh Ambassador (1623). Another play, The Late Murder of the Son upon the Mother, or Keep the Widow Waking, a dramatization of two recent murders in Whitechapel, occasioned a suit for slander heard in the Star Chamber. That play is lost. <mask>'s plays of the 1620s were staged at the large amphitheatres on the north side of London, most commonly at the Red Bull; only two of his later plays were seen at the more exclusive, indoor Cockpit Theatre, and these two were presumably produced by Christopher Beeston, who operated both the Red Bull and the Cockpit.By the 1620s, the Shoreditch amphitheaters had become deeply identified with the louder and less reputable categories of play-goers, such as apprentices. <mask>'s type of play appears to have suited them perfectly. Full of bold action, careless about generic differences, and always (in the end) complementary to the values and beliefs of such audiences, his drama carried some of the vigorous optimism of Elizabethan dramaturgy into the Caroline era. Prose
He exhibited a similar vigour in his pamphlets,

masks: Dekker Dekker Dekker


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts: which span almost his whole writing career, and which treat a great variety of subjects and styles. <mask>'s first spate of pamphleteering began in 1603, perhaps during a period when plague had closed the theaters. His first was The Wonderfull Yeare, a journalistic account of the death of Elizabeth, accession of James I, and the 1603 plague, that combined a wide variety of literary genres in an attempt to convey the extraordinary events of that year ('wonderful' meaning astonishing, not excellent). It succeeded well enough to prompt two more plague pamphlets, News From Gravesend and The Meeting of Gallants at an Ordinary.The Double PP (1606) is an anti-Catholic tract written in response to the Gunpowder Plot. News From Hell (1606) is an homage to and continuation of Nash's Pierce Penniless. The Seven Deadly Sins of London (1606) is another plague pamphlet. After 1608, <mask> produced his most popular pamphlets: a series of "cony-catching" pamphlets that described the various tricks and deceits of confidence-men and thieves, including thieves' cant. These pamphlets, which <mask> often updated and reissued, include The Belman of London (1608, now The Bellman of London), Lanthorne and Candle-light, Villainies Discovered by Candlelight, and English Villainies. They owe their form and many of their incidents to similar pamphlets by Robert Greene. Other pamphlets are journalistic in form and offer vivid pictures of Jacobean London.The Dead Term (1608) describes Westminster during summer vacation. The Guls Horne-Booke


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts:
 (1609, now The Gull's Hornbook) describes the life of city gallants, including a valuable account of behaviour in the London theatres. Work for Armourers (1609) and The Artillery Garden (1616) (the latter in verse) describe aspects of England's military industries. London Look Back (1630) treats 1625, the year of James's death, while Wars, Wars, Wars (1628) describes European turmoil. As might be expected, <mask> turned his experience in prison to profitable account. Dekker His Dreame (1620) is a long poem describing his despairing confinement; he contributed six prison-based sketches to the sixth edition (1616) of Sir <mask>'s Characters; and he revised Lanthorne and Candlelight to reflect what he had learned in prison. <mask>'s pamphlets, even more than his plays, reveal signs of hasty and careless composition.Yet the best of them can still entertain, and almost all of them offer valuably precise depictions of everyday life in the Jacobean period. <mask>'s poetry entered into modern popular song (although almost unnoticeably) when some of the lyrics of the poem "Golden Slumbers", from <mask>'s play Patient Grissel, were included by Paul McCartney in the Beatles' 1969 song "Golden Slumbers". References
Bednarz, James P. Shakespeare and the Poets' War. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. Bowers, F. – ‘The Dramatic Works of <mask>’, In 4 Volumes – Cambridge University Press – 1961
Chapman, L.S. – ‘<mask> and the Traditions of the English Drama’ – Lang – 1985
Gasper, J. – ‘The Dragon and the Dove: The Plays

masks:
Dekker
Thomas Overbury
Dekker
Dekker
Dekker
Thomas Dekker
Thomas Dekker


title: Thomas Dekker (writer)

texts:
 of <mask>’ – Oxford: Clarendon – 1990.Gregg, Kate. <mask>: A Study in Economic and Social Backgrounds. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1924. G.R. Hibbard, ed., Three Elizabethan pamphlets by Robert Greene, <mask>, <mask> (Folcroft, PA: Folcroft Library Editions, 1972). Hunt, Mary. <mask>: A Study.New York: Columbia University Press, 1911. McLuskie, Kathleen. <mask> and Heywood: Professional Dramatists. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993. Wilson, F. P, editor. The Plague Pamphlets of <mask>. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1925.References

External links

 The Noble Spanish Soldier (1622) at Project Gutenberg
 The Wonderful Year (1603) at University of Oregon
 A Knight's Conjuring (1607) at Google Books
 The Gull's Hornbook (1609, modern spelling) at Big Wind
 The Guls Horn-Booke (1609, orig. spelling) at Renascence Editions

1570s births
1632 deaths
16th-century male writers
17th-century English male writers
16th-century English dramatists and playwrights
17th-century English dramatists and playwrights
English people of Dutch descent
English Renaissance dramatists
English pamphleteers
People imprisoned for debt
16th-century English

masks:
Thomas Dekker
Thomas Dekker
Thomas Nash
Thomas Dekker
Thomas Dekker
Dekker
Thomas Dekker


title: Su Ting

texts:
<mask> (蘇頲; 680 – July 31, 737), courtesy name <mask> (廷碩), formally Duke Wenxian of Xu (許文憲公), was an official of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. He was a capable supporting chancellor to Song Jing, and he was also immensely gifted literarily, ranking with Zhang Yue as the two great literary figures of their time. They were known in unison as 燕许大手笔 ("Immense pen-brushes from Yan and Xu"). Background
<mask> was born in 680, near the end of the reign of Emperor Gaozong. At that time, his father <mask> was serving on the staff of Emperor Gaozong's son Li Dan the Prince of Yu. It was said that <mask> was intelligent and handsome in his youth, and was able to remember and recite texts with 1,000 characters. During Wu Zetian's reign
During the reign of Emperor Gaozong's wife Wu Zetian, <mask>g passed the imperial examinations and was made the magistrate of Wucheng County (烏程, in modern Huzhou, Jiangsu).He eventually became an imperial censor with the title Jiancha Yushi (監察御史). Late in her reign, during the Chang'an era (701-705), she had <mask> review the cases that her secret police official Lai Junchen had handled early in her reign which had resulted in many executions. <mask> was able to uncover many wrongful convictions and get people's honors posthumously restored. During Emperor Zhongzong's second reign
In 705, Wu Zetian was overthrown in a coup, and her son and crown prince Li Xian, a former emperor, returned to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong). <mask> was made an imperial attendant (給事中, Jishizhong) and an imperial scholar at Xiuwen Pavilion (修文館). He was soon made Zhongshu Sheren (中書舍人), a

masks:
Su Ting
Tingshuo
Su Ting
Su Gui
Su Ting
Su Tin
Su
Su
Su Ting


title: Su Ting

texts:
 mid-level official at the legislative bureau of government (中書省, Zhongshu Sheng). Soon thereafter, <mask>'s father <mask> was made chancellor, and the family was considered an exceedingly honored one.At that time, most official commissions were drafted by <mask>, and his language was considered very beautiful. During Emperor Shang's reign and Emperor Ruizong's second reign
In 710, Emperor Zhongzong died suddenly—a death that traditional historians believed to be a poisoning carried out by his powerful wife Empress Wei and her daughter Li Guo'er the Princess Anle, so that Empress Wei could become "emperor" like Wu Zetian and Li Guo'er could be crown princess. Meanwhile, Emperor Zhongzong's son Li Chongmao the Prince of Wen was named emperor (as Emperor Shang), but Empress Wei retained power as empress dowager and regent. Less than a month later, Empress Wei and Li Guo'er were killed in a coup led by Emperor Zhongzong's sister Princess Taiping and nephew Li Longji the Prince of Linzi. Li Longji's father Li Dan the Prince of Xiang, himself a former emperor, was initially named regent, and in the aftermaths of the coup, there were many commission and demotion orders to be written, with <mask>g in charge of drafting them. He was reading them so quickly to his scribe that the scribe commented, "Lord, please be slower. Otherwise, my wrist would be dislocated."The chancellor Li Jiao, who was <mask>'s superior and who was himself known for great literary talent, commented, "The Sheren thinks as fast as a gushing spring. I, Li Jiao, cannot compare to him." Soon, under the urging of Princess Taiping, Li Longji, and Li Longji's brother Li Chengqi, Li Dan took the throne himself (as Emperor Ruizong),

masks:
Su Ting
Su Gui
Su
Su Tin
Su Ting


title: Su Ting

texts:
 displacing Emperor Shang. Sometime thereafter, <mask> was made the deputy minister of worship (太常少卿, Taichang Shaoqing). Later in 710, <mask> died. <mask> inherited the title of Duke of Xu and left government service to observe a mourning period for his father. Soon thereafter, Emperor Ruizong tried to recall him to government service as the deputy minister of public works (工部侍郎, Gongbu Shilang), which he declined—and when Emperor Ruizong sent the official Li Rizhi to visit <mask> to urge him to return to government service, Li Rizhi saw that <mask>'s mourning was deep and genuine.Emperor Ruizong thus allowed <mask>g to serve out the traditional three-year mourning period. During Emperor Xuanzong's reign
In 712, Emperor Ruizong passed the throne to Li Longji, who took the throne as Emperor Xuanzong. Once <mask>g's mourning period was over, Emperor Xuanzong began considering where he could place <mask>. He considered making <mask>hongshu Shilang (中書侍郎), the deputy head of the legislative bureau, but was unsure whether there was a precedent, and so he asked the chancellors, "Is there precedent for someone to become Zhongshu Shilang from being Gongbu Shilang?" He received a response of, "Your Imperial Majesty should care about whether he is suitable, not precedent." Emperor Xuanzong thus made <mask>hongshu Shilang—and gave him the unprecedented honor of sharing the food normally served only to chancellors. At that time, Li Ai (李乂), who was also a capable writer, was also Zhongshu Shilang.Emperor Xuanzong thus commented to <mask>:

This started a precedent for officials who draft imperial edicts to also leave their names on the edicts for posterity. Subsequently, after Emperor Ruizong died in

masks:
Su Ting
Su Gui
Su Ting
Su Ting
Su Ting
Su Tin
Su Tin
Su
Su Z
Su Z
Su


title: Su Ting

texts:
 716, Emperor Xuanzong wanted to build a stele at Emperor Ruizong's tomb Jingling (靖陵). <mask> opposed, pointing out that not only was it not fitting with tradition, but that if he did so, all of the prior emperors' tombs needed to be retroactively given steles. Emperor Xuanzong thus stopped the project. Around the new year 717, <mask>, whose title had been changed to Ziwei Shilang (紫微侍郎) by that point due to a number of name changes in offices that Emperor Xuanzong instituted, was given the designation Tong Ziwei Huangmen Pingzhangshi (同紫微黃門平章事), making him a chancellor de facto. He worked well with the more senior chancellor Song Jing. It was said that Song was strict and often made the decisions that <mask> obeyed.Whenever Song made reports to Emperor Xuanzong, <mask> would make reports that supplemented Song's. Song once commented:

Later in 717, there was a controversy over whether Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong, as brothers, could both be worshipped at the ancestral temple. The officials in charge of worship, Chen Zhenjie (陳貞節), Feng Zong (馮宗), and <mask>'s cousin <mask> (蘇獻), advocated moving Emperor Zhongzong's cult out of the imperial temple and having him worshipped at a separate temple, as they believed that the traditional requirement that the emperor worship seven ancestors referred to seven generations of ancestors, and that Emperors Zhongzong and Ruizong, of the same generation, thus constituted only one of the seven ancestors together. <mask> (孫平子), however, believed that this violated the principle that past emperors should all be worshipped. Because <mask>an was <mask>g's cousin, <mask>g advocated for him, and eventually his suggestion was accepted. Over the next few years,

masks:
Su
Su
Su
Su
Su Ting
Su Xian
Sun Pingzi
Su Xi
Su Tin
Su Tin


title: Su Ting

texts:
 <mask> concurred with Song on many matters of morality and governmental cleanliness, including:

 In winter 717, when Emperor Xuanzong requested that Song and <mask> submit a number of formal names and titles for his sons and daughters—but separately requested a set of particularly honorable names, presumably for a favorite son—Song and <mask> pointed out that this would be viewed as favoritism, and therefore submitted a group of names without any designation as to what were particularly honorable names. When Emperor Xuanzong's father-in-law Wang Renjiao (王仁皎) died, Wang Renjiao's son Wang Shouyi (王守一) requested that a tomb be built for Wang Renjiao that would be as large as Emperor Xuanzong's maternal grandfather Dou Xiaochen (竇孝諶), and Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed.Song and <mask> pointed out that Dou's tomb was already considered overly wasteful and should not be followed. Emperor Xuanzong agreed, and reduced the scale of Wang Renjiao's tomb. By 720, however, Song's strictness would eventually bring his and <mask>'s removal. Song had ordered that individuals who had repeatedly appealed their cases without cause be detained by the imperial censors, until they were willing to drop their appeals. This drew much anger from people. At that time, there happened to be a drought, which, according to popular beliefs at the time, would be accompanied by the appearance of a spirit known as the Hanba (旱魃). One day, while Emperor Xuanzong was watching a play, an actor dressed as the Hanba, and stated:

Meanwhile, further, Song and <mask> were strictly prohibiting the use of damaged coins, which they had tried to replace with newly minted coins.However, the damaged coins were still in circulation

masks: Su Su Su Su Su Su


title: Su Ting

texts:
 despite the prohibition, particularly in the region between the Yangtze River and the Huai River. Song sent the imperial censor Xiao Yinzhi (蕭隱之) to the region to be in charge of collecting the damaged coins and taking them out of circulation. Xiao was strict in his behavior, drawing much resentment. Emperor Xuanzong, when he heard this, demoted Xiao, and in spring 720 removed Song and <mask> from their chancellor posts, making <mask> the minister of rites (禮部尚書, Libu Shangshu) instead. He replaced Song and <mask> with Yuan Qianyao and Zhang Jiazhen. In 725, when Emperor Xuanzong suspected that the civil service selections were not done properly, he commissioned 10 officials, including <mask>, to reexamine the official commissions of that year, against advice that doing so undermined the authority of the civil service affairs ministry, although he stopped doing this in 726. Also in 725, when Emperor Xuanzong offered sacrifices to heaven and earthat Mount Tai, he had <mask> draft the text of the monument there.It was said that <mask> was frugal and did not care about money—and that he shared his salaries with his younger brothers and family members, with no savings left. He died in 727. Initially, there was no posthumous honors given to him. The official Wei Shu (韋述) submitted a petition pointing out <mask>'s contributions, and Emperor Xuanzong, in response, bestowed posthumous honors on <mask>. Notes and references

 Old Book of Tang, vol. 88. New Book of Tang, vol.125. Zizhi Tongjian, vols. 207, 210, 211, 212, 213. External links
Books of the Quan Tangshi that include collected poems of <mask> at the Chinese Text Project:
Book 73
Book 74

Chancellors under Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
680

masks:
Su
Su
Su
Su
Su
Su
Su
Su
Su Ting


title: Willy Ley

texts:
<mask> (October 2, 1906 – June 24, 1969) was a German-American science writer and proponent of cryptozoology. The crater Ley on the far side of the Moon is named in his honor. Early life and Berlin years
<mask> was the son of <mask>, a traveling merchant, and Frida May, the daughter of a Lutheran sexton. <mask> grew up in his native Berlin during the First World War under the supervision of two aunts. When war erupted his father was in Great Britain. Consequently, he spent the remainder of the war at a detention camp on the Isle of Man. Meanwhile, his mother worked as milliner in a distant city in Germany.As Ley later recalled he "grew up, so to speak, in the shadow of the Museum of Natural History in Berlin". When his school teacher asked him to compose an essay on the subject "What Do I Want to Be When I Am Grown and Why? ", Ley responded: "I want to be an explorer." Ley remained unconvinced by this skeptical attitude. When he was old enough he studied astronomy, physics, zoology and paleontology at the University of Berlin. Ley explained, "I was never quite sure whether my studies would earn me the title of "zoologist" or "geologist," but I kept exploring, in a manner of speaking, looking especially into such corners as others had neglected." He then became interested in spaceflight after reading Hermann Oberth's book Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space).Although it was a technical book that was difficult to understand, Ley worked through the calculations and concluded that outer space would soon become the next great frontier of human exploration. Ley was so convinced by Oberth's book that he sat down at the age of 19 to write a popularization of its contents. He also began corresponding with every known rocket enthusiast in Europe, including Oberth

masks:
Willy Otto Oskar Ley
Willy Otto Oskar Ley
Julius Otto Ley
Ley


title: Willy Ley

texts: himself. After publishing Die Fahrt ins Weltall (Travel in Outer Space) in 1926, Ley became one of the first members of Germany's amateur rocket group, the Verein für Raumschiffahrt (VfR – "Spaceflight Society") in 1927 and wrote extensively for its journal, Die Rakete (The Rocket). Ley would eventually become the group's Vice-President during a time when it had no active President. Meanwhile, he was writing hundreds of short articles about rockets for German and foreign newspapers. Due to the influence of <mask> and other popular science writers, such as Max Valier, Germans witnessed a short-lived "rocketry fad" in Berlin.From exhibits at public locations to large spectator events, such as Fritz von Opel's rocket-car stunts, the German public was excited about both the future possibilities of space travel and the potential for new "weapons of wonder" that could revive the German Empire. The "rocketry fad" culminated with Fritz Lang's 1929 film Die Frau im Mond (Woman in the Moon), which became the first realistic depiction of spaceflight in cinematic history. Although Oberth is often credited as the main technical consultant to the film, <mask>'s role was of central importance. Oberth was tasked with building a small rocket to be launched at the film's premiere. This project never materialized. However, <mask>'s work on the movie did. As director Fritz Lang later recalled, "The work he had done as consultant and advisor ... was amazing.The models of the spaceship, really a highly advanced model of a rocket, the trajectories and the orbits of the modular capsule from the earth, around the earth and to the moon and back ... were so accurate that in 1937 the Gestapo confiscated not only all models of the spaceship but also all foreign prints of the picture." Despite the many successes the

masks: Ley Ley Ley


title: Willy Ley

texts: "rocketry fad" could not be sustained during the early years of the Great Depression. The German public lost interest amidst economic turmoil. Meanwhile, rocket researchers, such as Rudolf Nebel, formed closer ties with the military, which greatly expanded under the leadership of Wernher von Braun. With the collapse of the VfR, the rise of a culture of necessary secrecy and the loss of public enthusiasm, Ley grew discouraged. He continued to write articles for the domestic and foreign press while he stayed in touch with close friends. Yet for the most part, Ley turned back to his original scientific interests, while writing a biography of Conrad Gessner (the "Father" of modern Zoology).To make ends meet <mask> also worked as a clerk and then manager at a Berlin bank. When the Nazis seized power, <mask>'s situation became increasingly desperate. He was horrified by National Socialism, its ideology and its style of violent politics. His perception of political events can be inferred from a short science fiction story called "Fog," which Ley wrote in 1940 under the pen name of Robert Wiley. It is a biographical narrative about an office manager dealing with the everyday effects of totalitarianism. Although the story is set in New York City during a failed Communist revolution, it is clear that Ley is retelling his personal experiences in Berlin. In fact, John Campbell, the editor of Astounding, requested that Ley center the narrative on his personal experience.<mask> not only disliked the irrational nature of German politics, but he also associated the Nazis with the rise of "Pseudo-science." To make matters worse, <mask> had an established reputation as an international scientist, who openly shared and popularized technical information about rocketry, while his articles continued to be

masks: Ley Ley Ley Ley


title: Willy Ley

texts:
 republished by foreign newspapers throughout 1934. In January 1935, Ley used company stationery to write a letter that authorized his vacation in London. Carrying only his favorite books, a few changes of clothing and travel documentation, Ley fled Germany for Great Britain and ultimately the United States. In the United States

In 1936, he supervised operations of two rocket planes carrying mail at Greenwood Lake, NY. <mask> was an avid reader of science fiction, and began publishing scientific articles in American science fiction magazines, beginning with "The Dawn of the Conquest of Space" in the March 1937 issue of Astounding Stories. In the February 1937 issue of that same magazine, he had published a science fiction short story "At the Perihelion" under the pseudonym Robert Wiley, which was later reprinted as "A Martian Adventure" in the 1962 anthology Great Science Fiction by Scientists (Collier Books, Groff Conklin, ed.).He was a member of science fiction fandom as well, attending science fiction conventions, and was eventually a Guest of Honor at Philcon II, the 1953 World Science Fiction Convention. In 1940 <mask> joined the staff of PM. In the winter of 1941 he met the paper's fitness columnist and model, Olga Feldmann (1912–2001). They became engaged on December 11 and married on Christmas Eve. His book Rockets – the Future of Travel Beyond the Stratosphere (1944) describes the early rockets at VfR and more futuristic projects to reach the moon using a 3-stage rocket "as high as 1/3 of the Empire State Building" – a very good estimate of the height of the Saturn V rocket designed 20 years later. His works from the 1950s and '60s are regarded as classics of popular science and include The Conquest of Space 1949 (with Chesley Bonestell), The Conquest of the Moon (with Wernher von

masks: Ley Ley


title: Willy Ley

texts: Braun and Fred Whipple, 1953), and Beyond the Solar System (1964). His book, Rockets, Missiles, and Space Travel, (1957) was cited in the Space Handbook: Astronautics and its Applications, a staff report of the Select Committee on Astronautics and Space Exploration of the U.S. House of Representatives, which provided non-technical information about spaceflight to U.S. policy makers.Ley had a regular science column called "For Your Information" in Galaxy Science Fiction from March 1952 until his death. Ley participated in "Man in Space", a 1955 episode of Disneyland which explained spaceflight to a large television audience. Fellow Galaxy columnist Floyd C. Gale wrote that Ley "has become as familiar to TV audiences as Howdy Doody". In the late 1950s, he designed for Monogram models a range of space vehicles. The kits included informational booklets on space travel written by Ley. He also consulted for the Tom Corbett, Space Cadet series of children's science fiction books and TV series, as well as the 1959 feature film entitled "The Space Explorers." Robert A. Heinlein honored him by mentioning a future "Leyport" on the Moon in his 1952 juvenile novel The Rolling Stones.Likewise and long after his death, Larry Niven and Steven Barnes named a future space shuttle the “<mask>” in their 1982 novel The Descent of Anansi. In 1954, <mask> wrote Engineers' Dreams in which he discussed 'Seven Future Wonders of the World'. These included accurate predictions of the Channel Tunnel between Britain and France and commercial wind, solar and geothermal power. Other schemes were less practical: damming the River Jordan to provide power and irrigation to Israel/Palestine and the plans of fellow German Herman Sörgel to drain the Mediterranean to link Europe with Africa and create the new continent of

masks:
Willy Ley
Ley


title: Willy Ley

texts:
 Atlantropa. He was a member of the all-male literary banqueting club the Trap Door Spiders, which served as the basis of Isaac Asimov's fictional group of mystery solvers the Black Widowers. Ley died at the age of 62 on June 24, 1969 – less than a month before men first landed on the Moon – in his home in Jackson Heights, Queens, where he had lived with his family since the mid-1950s. Cryptozoology
<mask> was best known for his books on rocketry and related topics, but he also wrote a number of books about cryptozoology, a pseudoscience.In 1949, Ley published an article Do Prehistoric Monsters Still Exist? which popularised the living dinosaur idea and included a discussion on the Mokele-mbembe legend. Ley collected much source material on anomalous animals for his writings. Science historian Brian Regal has noted that Ley "copied entire chapters of Heuvelmans's On the Track of Unknown Animals for his own reference." Bibliography

References and notes

Further reading
  Buss, Jared S. <mask>: Prophet of the Space Age (University Press of Florida, 2017) online review

External links

 Disneyland - Man in Space - Part 1 of 4. Video in which Dr. Ley explains principles of rocketry at 11:36
 <mask> Collection, The University of Alabama in Huntsville Archives and Special Collections

1906 births
1969 deaths
20th-century American physicists
American technology writers
Cryptozoologists
German aerospace engineers
German emigrants to the United States
20th-century German inventors
20th-century German physicists
German technology writers
People from Jackson Heights, Queens
German rocket scientists
Science fiction fans
Space advocates
German male non-fiction writers
20th-century American essayists
20th-century American male writers
American male non-fiction writers
Scientists from New York

masks:
Ley
Willy Ley
Willy Ley


title: Nelson Norman

texts:
<mask> (born May 23, 1958) is an American former professional baseball player, coach and manager. He played in Major League Baseball as a shortstop from  to  for the Texas Rangers and the Pittsburgh Pirates. He returned to the major leagues in  with the Montreal Expos. After his playing career he continued to serve in minor league baseball as a coach and manager for several professional baseball organizations. Playing career

Pittsburgh Pirates
<mask> was originally signed as a 16-year-old amateur free agent by the Pittsburgh Pirates in . He made his professional debut with the minor league Gulf Coast League Pirates that year, batting .262 in 61 games. He made his way through their farm system quickly, and by the end of the 1977 season he was playing for the Triple-A Columbus Clippers.Texas Rangers

1978: MLB debut
<mask> was traded along with Al Oliver from the Pirates to the Rangers in the first four-team blockbuster deal in Major League Baseball history on December 8, 1977 that also involved the Atlanta Braves, New York Mets and a total of eleven players changing teams. The Rangers also received Jon Matlack from the Mets. The Pirates acquired Bert Blyleven from the Rangers and John Milner from the Mets. Going to the Braves from the Rangers were Adrian Devine, Tommy Boggs and Eddie Miller. The Mets got from the Braves Willie Montañez and from the Rangers Tom Grieve and Ken Henderson who was sent to New York to complete the transaction three months later on March 15, 1978. <mask> started the 1978 season with the Tucson Toros. In mid-May, starting shortstop Bert Campaneris was injured, and <mask> was called up to the majors to back up replacement Jim Mason.He made his major league

masks:
Nelson Augusto Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman
Norman


title: Nelson Norman

texts:
 debut on May 20, three days before his 20th birthday. He entered the game in the sixth inning after the Rangers had pinch-hit for Mason. He played three innings in the field, handling one chance on defense, before he was lifted for pinch hitter Mike Jorgensen. Two days later, <mask> made his first start and got his first major league hit. When Campaneris was activated in early June, <mask> returned to Tucson. He spent the rest of the season there, batting .284 with 76 RBIs. He returned to the major leagues in September, finishing his first season with nine hits in 34 at bats.1979: Starter
In , <mask> won the starting shortstop job in spring training, beating out both Campaneris and newcomer Larvell Blanks, who had been acquired from the Cleveland Indians over the winter (Campaneris would be traded to the California Angels) in May. <mask> played in 147 games, but batted just .222 with just 12 extra base hits in 343 at bats. 1980–81: Back to the minors
<mask> opened up the 1980 season as the starting shortstop again. However, by the end of April, he had lost the job to Pepe Frías, who had been acquired from the Atlanta Braves over the winter. In May, the Rangers signed Bud Harrelson to back up Frías, and <mask>, who was hitting .219 in 17 games, was sent down to the minors. However, due to injury, he played in just 28 games for the Charleston Charlies, and did not play in the majors again that year. Once again, the Rangers acquired a shortstop over the winter before the 1981 season.This time, it was Mario Mendoza, acquired in a trade from the Seattle Mariners. <mask> started the season in the minors, playing for the Wichita Aeros. He batted .246 in 115 games, and earned a September

masks: Norman Norman Norman Norman Norman Norman Norman


title: Nelson Norman

texts:
 call-up to the Rangers. He played in just seven games, going 3-for-13 at the plate. After the season, the Rangers traded <mask> back to the Pirates for pitcher Víctor Cruz. Back to the Pirates
Unfortunately for <mask>, the Pirates already had Dale Berra entrenched as their starting shortstop. During spring training, <mask> was beaten out for the backup job by minor league veteran Jim Smith, and for the second consecutive year he opened the year in the minors.After batting .270 in 134 games for the Portland Beavers, <mask> was again called up in September, but this time played in just three games. He started the final game of the season, going 0-for-3. In , <mask> was demoted to Double-A. He played the entire season with the Lynn Pirates, where he was moved to second base for most of the year. He batted .268 and had a career-high (at any level) of five home runs. In , he was back in Triple-A with the Hawaii Islanders, where for the first time in his career he was not the full-time starter, splitting time in the middle infield with several other players. At the end of the year, he became a free agent.Orioles and Expos
He signed with the Baltimore Orioles' organization, and spent the 1985 season playing second base. After hitting just .186, he was traded during the offseason to the Montreal Expos for fellow minor league veteran Steve Baker. <mask> finished his playing career in the Expos organization. After his abysmal 1985, he was returned to Double-A again in  with the Jacksonville Expos. He spent his last three seasons as a player with the Indianapolis Indians before retiring in . He did get to play one final game in the majors on April 29, 1987, starting at shortstop against his

masks: Norman Norman Norman Norman Norman Norman


title: Nelson Norman

texts:
 old team, the Pirates, and going 0-for-4. Post-playing career
After his playing career ended, <mask> remained in the Expos organization as a minor league coach.In 1992, he was named manager of the Gulf Coast League Expos, where he managed until 1994. In 1995, he moved to the Braves organization, where he managed the Macon Braves. From 1997 through 2000, he was manager of the Dominican Summer League Red Sox. In 2001, he served as infield coach for the Boston Red Sox. In 2007, <mask> served as a coach for the Swing of the Quad Cities. From 2008 to 2010, he was the manager of the Dominican Summer League Cardinals, although he was replaced for part of 2009 by Claudio Almonte. As of 2015, <mask> is a scout and director of Dominican operations for the Orioles.References

External links

1958 births
Living people
Águilas Cibaeñas players
Baltimore Orioles scouts
Boston Red Sox coaches
Caimanes del Sur players
Charleston Charlies players
Charleston Patriots players
Columbus Clippers players
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in Canada
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Dominican Republic people of Cocolo descent
Sportspeople from San Pedro de Macorís
Estrellas Orientales players
Gulf Coast Pirates players
Hawaii Islanders players
Indianapolis Indians players
Jacksonville Expos players
Lynn Pirates (1983) players
Major League Baseball coaches
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball shortstops
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos players
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Portland Beavers players
Rochester Red Wings players
Shreveport Captains players
Texas Rangers players
Tucson Toros players
Wichita Aeros

masks: Norman Norman Norman


title: Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied

texts:
<mask>ed (23 September 1782 – 3 February 1867) was a German explorer, ethnologist and naturalist. He led a pioneering expedition to southeast Brazil between 1815–1817, from which the album Reise nach Brasilien, which first revealed to Europe real images of Brazilian Indians, was the ultimate result. It was translated into several languages and recognized as one of the greatest contributions to the knowledge of Brazil at the beginning of the nineteenth century. In 1832 he embarked on another expedition, this time to United States, together with the Swiss painter Karl Bodmer. Prince <mask> collected many examples of ethnography, and many specimens of flora and fauna of the area, still preserved in museum collections, notably in the Lindenmuseum, Stuttgart. The genus Neuwiedia Blume (Orchidaceae) was named for him. Also, <mask>medusa maximiliani, Micrablepharis maximiliani, Bothrops neuwiedi, Polemon neuwiedi, Pseudoboa neuwiedi, Sibynomorphus neuwiedi, Xenodon neuwiedii, and Ramphotyphlops wiedii.Biography
Wied was born in Neuwied, the grandson of the ruling count (after 1784 prince) Johann Friedrich Alexander of Wied-Neuwied. Born at the end of the European Enlightenment, <mask> became friends with two of its major figures: Johann Friedrich Blumenbach, a major comparative anthropologist under whom he studied biological sciences, and Alexander von Humboldt, who served as <mask>'s mentor. He joined the Prussian army in 1800 during the Napoleonic Wars, rising to the rank of major. He was given a leave of absence from the army in 1815 (prior to Napoleon's escape

masks: Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied Neuwi


title: Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied

texts:
 hand-coloured engravings to illustrate the publication of 1840. In 1845, he was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society. Gallery

See also
:Category:Taxa named by Prince <mask> of Wied-Neuwied
Leopardus wiedii, a spotted cat named for <mask> zu Wied-Neuwied
Helianthus maximiliani, the <mask> sunflower

References

Further reading

 <mask> Wied-Neuwied: Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817, 1820
 <mask> zu Wied-Neuwied: Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte Brasiliens, 1824
 <mask> zu Wied-Neuwied: Brasilien, Nachträge, Berichtigungen, Zusätze, 1850
 <mask> zu Wied-Neuwied: Unveröffentlichte Bilder und Handschriften zur Völkerkunde Brasiliens. Editor: Josef Röder and Hermann Trimborn. Bonn 1954. <mask> Wied-Neuwied: <mask> of Wied’s Travels in the Interior of North America, during the years 1832–1834. Achermann & Comp., London 1843–1844
 <mask> Wied-Neuwied: <mask> of Wied’s Travels in the Interior of North America, during the years 1832–1834.In: Early Western Travels, 1748–1848, 1906, (vol. 22–25) from Reuben Gold Thwaites. David  C. Hunt, William J. Orr, W. H. Goetzmann (Editor): Karl Bodmer's America. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha (Nebraska) 1984. John C. Ewers: Views of vanishing frontier. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha (Nebraska) 1984 + 1985
 Paul Schach, "<mask>, Prince of Wied (1782-1867): Reconsidered." Great Plains Quarterly 14 (1994): 5-20."<mask> of Wied-Neuwied," in Tom Taylor and Michael Taylor, Aves: A Survey of the Literature of Neotropical Ornithology, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Libraries, 2011. Marsha V. Gallagher:

masks:
Maximilian
Maximilian
Maximilian
Maximilian zu
Maximilian
Maximilian
Maximilian
Maximilian zu
Maximilian Prince
Maximilian zu
Maximilian Prince
Maximilian
Prince Maximilian


title: Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied

texts:
 Karl Bodmer's eastern views. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha (Nebraska) 1996
 Brandon K. Ruud (Editor): Karl Bodmer's North American Prints. Joslyn Art Museum, Omaha (Nebraska) 2004. Michael G. Noll, “<mask>'s Other Worlds.” The Pennsylvania Geographer, 43 (2005): 65–83. Michael G. Noll, "<mask>'s America: The Narrated Landscapes of a German Explorer and Naturalist", Dissertation, University of Kansas, Lawrence (Kansas) 2000. Nordamerika Native Museum Zürich: Karl Bodmer.A Swiss Artist in America 1809–1893. Ein Schweizer Künstler in Amerika. University of Chicago Press and Scheidegger & Spiess, Zürich 2009 (English and German). External links

Collection at Old Book Art All 81 aquatint illustrations and map from <mask> of Wied’s Travels in the Interior of North America, during the years 1832–1834
Prince <mask> of Wied
Ein Prinz unter Indianern: Die Reisen des Prinz <mask> zu Wied. Docudrama by Atlantis Film Berlin which aired on March 12, 2017, on Terra X, ZDF. <mask> Wied-Neuwied (1782–1867) naturalist, ethnologist
An Illustrated Expedition of North America: Bodmer and <mask> in the American West
Plates from <mask>'s Travels in Brazil (London, 1820)
Frogs and turtle named by Prince Max
 A Journey Through the Nebraska Region in 1833 and 1834: From the Diaries of <mask> of Wied

1782 births
1867 deaths
German ethnologists
German explorers
German ornithologists
German taxonomists
19th-century German botanists
19th-century German zoologists
Explorers of South America
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
<mask> Wied-Neuwied, Prince
People

masks:
Prince Maximilian
Prince Maximilian
Maximilian Prince
Maximilian
Maximilian
Maximilian zu
Maximilian
Prince Maximilian
Prince Maximilian
Maximilian Of


title: Dave Farrow

texts:
<mask> (born January 10, 1975) is a two-time Canadian Guinness World Record Holder for Most Decks of Playing Cards Memorized in a Single Sighting, entrepreneur, memory coach, speed reader and keynote speaker. He is best known for winning the Guinness World Records for Most Decks of Playing Cards Memorized in a Single Sighting in 1996 and again in 2007 when he set out to reclaim his record after it was beaten in 2002. The initial record was set at the Guinness World Records museum in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada while the latter was performed for Discovery Channel Canada at CTV Television Network studios. Both records were accomplished under the controlled supervision of multiple cameras and multiple independent witnesses. Early life

<mask> was born on January 10, 1975, in Kitchener, Ontario, to Wayne and <mask>. Born into a blue-collar family, his father Wayne is a retired factory worker, who dealt in space shuttle parts and his mother Virginia is a homemaker. After resuscitating him twice during birth, doctors offered a bleak prognosis, suggesting <mask> was unlikely to survive past his first year due to the numerous health problems that would plague his infancy and childhood.He was constantly in and out of the hospital during his formative years, which affected his studies and severely impacted his learning. Despite experiencing this setback, <mask> was able to catch up on schoolwork through independent study. Although he went beyond the curriculum coursework and completed the requirements for the following year, the school refused his request to skip a grade. <mask> eventually got bored and started skipping school. His truancy coupled with his medical issues started to play a toll on his academia and by middle school; he fell behind the learning curve. He was told by one of his teachers that would not amount to anything in life and that he would end up in the blue-collar industry like his father. In addition, <mask> was

masks:
David Andrew Farrow
Dave Farrow
Virginia Farrow
Farrow
Farrow
Farrow
Farrow


title: Dave Farrow

texts:
 diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia.The doctors recommended that he be put on a consistent course of Ritalin but his mother refused. Following this decision, <mask> decided to take matter into his own hands and began exploring behavior modification approaches to manage his disability. He started going to the library on a frequent basis to expand his knowledge and coming up with memory methods to combat his ADHD and dyslexia through self-taught speed reading and memorizing. This created the foundation of what was later to be known as The Farrow Method. At the age of 14, <mask> was enrolled into Eastwood Collegiate Institute, a public high school in Kitchener. It was there that he started improving his grades dramatically and graduated from high school with perfect distinction and continued on to become a successful businessman. <mask> has an older sister, Kathy, who was born in September 1973.Growing up, he and his family would go to their family cottage at Biscotasi Lake Provincial Park in Biscotasing, Ontario, on a regular basis for family vacations. The family trips to the outdoors helped build his passion for wilderness survival and hiking. Guinness World Records

At the age of 21, <mask> received his first Guinness World Record for Most Decks of Playing Cards Memorized in a Single Sighting in 1996 where he memorized the order of 52 decks of playing cards, randomly shuffled together, and recalled them correctly under Guinness Record rules (a total of 2704 cards) in a single sighting. This feat was accomplished at the Guinness World Records museum in Niagara Falls, Ontario and is featured in the Guinness Book of World Records, 1997 edition. Years later in 2002, Dominic O'Brien broke his record by memorizing 54 decks of cards. By this time, <mask> was able to easily break the record again in 2007. He memorized on single sighting, a random sequence of 59 separate packs of cards (3,068

masks: Farrow Farrow Farrow Farrow Farrow


title: Dave Farrow

texts:
 cards), which took around 14 hours to memorize.<mask> later recalled these cards at CTV Studios, Daily Planet in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, on April 2, 2007, and the recall took approximately 9 hours. While undertaking this feat, <mask> made just one mistake during the entire attempt, which he corrected without any external assistance. This successful record is currently featured in the Guinness Book of World Records, 2009 edition, and remains unbroken to this day. What makes this record challenging is that participants can only see each card once with zero repetition and they are only allowed 0.5% errors while many other records allow a much high error rate. Therefore, this record is currently considered the most difficult memory feat for volume and accuracy of memory. Sony Reader Revolution
In October 2008, Sony Corporation invited <mask> to participate in a publicity campaign for their just announced PRS-700 Sony Reader. As part of their Reader Revolution campaign, <mask> lived in the DataVision store window on Fifth Avenue, New York City for 30 days.The Reader Revolution campaign was an effort to promote the newest version of the Sony Reader and to increase the engagement of the general public in digital reading. Sony promised that for each page <mask> read, Sony would give a set of 100 E-book classics to an education institution. The goal was to eventually give 15 million E-book titles to various schools by the end of the program. During the campaign, <mask> read a total of 44,097 pages, which translates to 102 books. Career
After gaining international attention for his 1996 Guinness World Record accomplishment, <mask> continued to utilize his own memory techniques and skills to educate himself in the field of nanotechnology. His passion in nanotechnology led him to speaking at conferences across North America, in front of the research division of Johnson & Johnson and to members of the White House Task Force, as well as being

masks: Farrow Farrow Farrow Farrow Farrow Farrow Farrow


title: Dave Farrow

texts: featured in a nanotechnology trade magazine. Building on this success, <mask> founded the nanotechnology company, Accella Scientific Inc.In 2003 where he was involved in a U.S. patent filing for a reliable hand-held HIV diagnostics device that he hopes to bring to market and change the way HIV is tested in developing countries. In 2010, <mask> founded Farrow Inc., which  has subsidiaries Farrow Memory, FarrowPR  and Farrowbot. FarrowPR, a public relations firm based in Buffalo, New York, was founded in 2012 and offers speaker services, sales training, media coaching, corporate and individual branding, social media and digital marketing, media and public relations services, and event management. <mask> developed the Farrow Memory System to learn and memorize things faster. The Farrow Memory is a unique memory course that consists of ancient and neuroscientific memory techniques that help people retain memory for a long time. The Farrow Method is proven to be 3x more effective than other learning methods in a double-blind neuroscience study at McGill University, Montreal, Canada. The training is available for people of all ages, from kids, students to professionals.The course even helps people with ADHD and dyslexia improve their learning and memory. Farrow Memory Kids Edition: This edition is geared toward young children under 5–10 years of age. The Kid's edition is created with an aim to help foster proper memory training methods from a young age. The course includes all the essential learning that allows kids to absorb information from their surroundings and retain it in their long-term memory. You can find more information at  Farrow Memory Kids Edition. Farrow Memory Students Edition is a part of the Farrow Memory training developed specifically for school and university students. In this course, <mask> aims to help students grasp concepts learned in the classroom and retain them in the long term.Students will find unique

masks: Farrow Farrow Dave Dave


title: Dave Farrow

texts:
 memory techniques in this edition that will help them ace their exams. In addition to this, there are also techniques for students that experience brain fog while taking the exam. You can find more information at Farrow Memory Student's Edition. Farrow Memory Professional Edition: This edition is developed with the aim to help professionals improve memory. Professionals cannot afford errors in their work. But, when you have difficulties remembering, even simple tasks seem herculean. Farrow Memory Professionals Edition introduces memory techniques and brain exercises to prevent cognitive decline.It also helps to advance your career by learning what is needed in a fraction of the time. You can find more information at Farrow Memory Professional Edition. World Memory Tournament Federation

The World Memory Tournament Federation (WMTF) is an educational initiative cofounded by <mask> and Sergio Gonzalez. It aims to improve the memory of students and to "democratize practical memory and empower lifelong learning" by encouraging the establishments of World Memory Tournament Clubs in schools across the globe as an extracurricular club with materials provided by the WMTF. The World Memory Tournament Federation also provides an online platform for members belonging to clubs located in various regions to come together and compete in memory tournaments set by the MTF. The WMTF has 30 clubs in 7 countries and are currently organizing national competitions in Canada, the United States and South Africa. Personal life

<mask> first met his wife, Andrea Lee Zakel at Toronto's Polaris Star Trek convention in 2004.They were legally married in 2008 at Toronto City Hall and had their wedding at Backus Mill Heritage and Conservation Centre. They currently live in Buffalo, New York and have one son, Alexander, born in April 2014. References
 Archive.org 2009 Kitchener Record article

Living people
Mnemonists
World record holders
1975 births
People from

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Dave Farrow
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