title: Geoffrey Edelsten

texts:
 perverting the course of justice and soliciting Christopher Dale Flannery to assault a former patient.The evidence used to convict <mask> included a taped telephone conversation in which he and his wife discussed Flannery. <mask> had provided a medical certificate in 1984 stating that Flannery was unfit to stand trial because of an infection following tattoo removal surgery, leading to the trial being adjourned and Flannery's case not being heard by a particular judge. <mask> and Flannery's wife testified at a Victorian Medical Board hearing that Flannery was ill and in hospital and that he had no contact with <mask> before or at the time of the assault. However, <mask> was jailed for one year for perverting the course of justice and soliciting an assault. In 1992, New South Wales politician Fred Nile told Parliament that since <mask>'s deregistration in the state, he had relocated to Victoria where he could practise medicine. Edelsten was subsequently removed from the Victorian medical register. In 2001, Edelsten launched "Gene E", a company offering paternity testing by mail order.The service advertised on late-night television. Customers telephoned for a testing kit, which the company mailed to them. In five working days of receiving the completed test, the company returned the results to the customer by post. <mask> sought readmittance as a medical practitioner in New South Wales. In 2003, he told the NSW Medical Tribunal that he regretted his conduct and expressed remorse. Referring to his doctorate in philosophy from Pacific Western University, counsel assisting the Tribunal claimed that people could be misled by the words "professor" and "doctor" into thinking Edelsten could practise medicine. <mask> told the commission that he would no longer use the doctor honorific if necessary.In 2004, the same tribunal banned <mask> from applying again for four years. Later career

In

masks: Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten


title: Geoffrey Edelsten

type: original

texts:
 2005, <mask> and a business partner founded Allied Medical Group. Allied Medical Group employs approximately 250 general practitioners, and runs seventeen "Superclinics" in Victoria, three in Queensland, and one in South Australia. The clinics offer extended opening hours and bulk-billing for patients to Medicare for most services, so that the patient incurs no direct cost. Following the Australian government's 2008 decision to open "GP Super Clinics" in 31 locations across the nation, <mask>ten filed for bankruptcy in the United States.His Australian lawyers said this was a strategy to "better realise the investments made in the US". In 2015, <mask> was a contestant in the fourth season of The Celebrity Apprentice Australia. Personal life

<mask> met and married his first wife, Leanne Nesbitt, in the early 1980s. She was 19 years old and working as a model. During this period, his flamboyant lifestyle attracted media attention – he owned mansions, a football team, a fleet of Rolls-Royces and Lamborghinis with license plates such as Macho, Spunky and Sexy, and was associated, in the media, with a pink helicopter (although <mask> and his wife insisted, in later interviews, that their helicopter was in fact blue and white). The couple was divorced after three years of marriage. In January 2009, <mask> announced his intention to marry Brynne Gordon, a 25-year-old fitness instructor from California.They were married on 29 November 2009, in Melbourne's Crown Casino. The wedding was alleged to have cost approximately $3 million and featured a helicopter, a Bentley, 550 guests, circus performers and performances by Tom Burlinson and other headline acts. Guests received a pre-wedding DVD about <mask> and Gordon featuring narration by actor Jason Alexander, who gave an address at the wedding. Actress Fran Drescher also attended – although neither Alexander nor Drescher knew the couple.

masks: Edelsten Edelstenels Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten


title: Geoffrey Edelsten

texts:
 <mask> requested that guests attending his 2009 wedding not give wedding presents, but donate to the Great Expectations Foundation, a non-profit organisation he founded in 2008, which claimed to provide funds to charities including beyondblue, the Royal Children's Hospital and Magen David Adom. More than three years on, many of the charities once linked to Great Expectations had received no funds and, in at least one case, took moves to sever ties with Edelsten's foundation. A Fairfax Media investigation found that at least three charitable and not-for-profit groups had either never received money from <mask>'s foundation, or were unaware their names were being used to fund-raise from the public and wedding guests.They include the Royal Children's Hospital, the Lighthouse Foundation and the American Women's Auxiliary. In June 2012, thieves stole luxury cars belonging to Edelsten, worth more than $1.4 million. Among them was a Lamborghini Aventador worth approximately $800,000 – one of only a handful of Aventadors in Australia. In January 2014, it was announced that <mask>'s marriage to Brynne was over. Brynne said she was unable to forgive "her publicity-obsessed husband for a reported dalliance with another woman more than 18 months ago". In July 2014, it was announced that Edelsten intended to marry Gabi Grecko, who is 46 years younger. <mask> and Grecko married on 11 June 2015.Death
<mask> was found dead at his Melbourne apartment on 11 June 2021, aged 78. He was buried in a small service at Springvale Cemetery on 16 June 2021. References

External links

1943 births
2021 deaths
Australian chief executives
Australian general practitioners
Australian male criminals
Australian Jews
Businesspeople from Melbourne
Businesspeople in the health care industry
Jewish physicians
Medical doctors from Melbourne
Melbourne Medical School alumni
Sydney Swans administrators
The Apprentice

masks: Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten Edelsten


title: Octave Chanute

texts:
<mask>  (February 18, 1832  – November 23, 1910) was a French-American civil engineer and aviation pioneer. He provided many budding enthusiasts, including the Wright brothers, with help and advice, and helped to publicize their flying experiments. At his death he was hailed as the father of aviation and the initial concepts of the heavier-than-air flying machine. Biography
Born in Paris, <mask> was the son of Elise and Joseph Chanut, professor at the Collège de France. He emigrated with his father to the United States of America in 1838, when the former was named Vice-President at Jefferson College in Louisiana. <mask> attended private schools in New York. Civil engineer (railroads)

<mask> began his training as a budding civil engineer in 1848.He was widely considered brilliant and innovative in the engineering profession. During his career he designed and constructed the United States two biggest stockyards, Chicago Stock Yards (1865) and Kansas City Stockyards (1871). He designed and built the Hannibal Bridge with Joseph Tomlinson and George S. Morison, which was the first bridge to cross the Missouri River in Kansas City, Missouri, in 1869 and established Kansas City as the dominant city in the region. He designed many other bridges during his railroad career, including the Illinois River rail bridge at Chillicothe, Illinois, the Genesee River Gorge rail bridge near Portageville, New York (now in Letchworth State Park), the Sibley Railroad Bridge across the Missouri River at Sibley, Missouri, across the Mississippi River at Fort Madison, Iowa, and the Kinzua Bridge in Pennsylvania. Pioneer in wood preservation
<mask> also established a procedure for pressure-treating wooden railroad ties with an antiseptic that increased the wood's lifespan in the tracks. Establishing the first commercial plants, he convinced railroad men that it was commercially feasible to make money by spending money on treating ties to extend their service time and reduce replacement costs. As a method to monitor the longevity of railroad

masks:
Octave Chanute
Chanute
Octave
Octave Chanute
Chanute


title: Octave Chanute

texts:
 ties and other wooden structures, he introduced the railroad date nail in the United States.<mask> retired from the Erie Railway in 1883 to become an independent engineering consultant. Aviation pioneer

<mask> first became interested in aviation after watching a balloon take off in Peoria, Illinois, in 1856. When he retired from his railroad career in 1883, he decided to devote some leisure time to furthering the new science of aviation. Applying his engineering background, <mask> collected all available data from flight experimenters around the world and combined it with the knowledge gathered as a civil engineer in the past. He published his findings in a series of articles in The Railroad and Engineering Journal from 1891 to 1893, which were then re-published in the influential book Progress in Flying Machines in 1894. This was the most systematic global survey of fixed-wing heavier-than-air aviation research published up to that time. At the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, <mask> organized in collaboration with Albert Zahm a highly successful International Conference on Aerial Navigation.<mask> was too old to fly himself, so he partnered with younger experimenters, including Augustus M. Herring and William Avery. In 1896 <mask>, Herring, and Avery tested a design based on the work of German aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal, as well as hang gliders of their own design in the dunes along the shore of Lake Michigan near the town of Miller Beach, Indiana, just east of what became the city of Gary. These experiments convinced <mask> that the best way to achieve extra lift without a prohibitive increase in weight was to stack several wings one above the other, an idea proposed by the British engineer Francis Wenham in 1866 and realized in flight by Lilienthal in the 1890s. Chanute introduced the "strut-wire" braced wing structure that would be used in powered biplanes of the future, not seriously challenged until the pioneering efforts of Hugo Junkers to develop all-metal cantilever airframe technology

masks: Chanute Chanute Chanute Chanute Chanute Chanute Chanute


title: Octave Chanute

texts: without external bracing from 1915 onwards. <mask> based his "interplane strut" concept on the Pratt truss, which was familiar to him from his bridge-building work. The Wright brothers based their glider designs on the Chanute "double-decker," as they called it. A new design of a biplane glider was developed and flown in 1897.Chanute corresponded with many aviation pioneers, including Otto Lilienthal, Louis Mouillard, Gabriel Voisin, John J. Montgomery, Louis Blériot, Ferdinand Ferber, Lawrence Hargrave, and Alberto Santos Dumont. In 1897 he started a correspondence with British aviator Percy Pilcher. Following Chanutes ideas, Pilcher built a triplane, but he was killed in a glider crash in October 1899 before he could attempt to fly it. Chanute was in contact with the Wright brothers starting in 1900 when Wilbur wrote to him after reading Progress in Flying Machines. Chanute helped to publicize the Wright brothers work and provided consistent encouragement, visiting their camp near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, in 1901, 1902, and 1903. The Wrights and Chanute exchanged hundreds of letters between 1900 and 1910. Chanute freely shared his knowledge about aviation with anyone who was interested and expected others to do the same, although he did encourage colleagues to patent their inventions.His open approach led to friction with the Wright brothers, who believed their ideas about aircraft control were unique and refused to share them. <mask> did not believe that the Wright flying machine patent, premised on wing warping, could be enforced and said so publicly, including a newspaper interview in which he said, "I admire the Wrights. I feel friendly toward them for the marvels they have achieved, but you can easily gauge how I feel concerning their attitude at present by the remark I made to Wilbur Wright recently. I told him I was sorry to see they were suing other experimenters and abstaining from entering the contests and competitions in which other men are brilliantly winning laurels. I told him that in my opinion they

masks: Chanute Chanute


title: Octave Chanute

texts:
 are wasting valuable time over lawsuits which they ought to concentrate in their work. Personally, I do not think that the courts will hold that the principle underlying the warping tips can be patented." The friendship was still impaired when <mask> died, but Wilbur Wright took the opportunity to attend Chanutes memorial service at the family's home.Wright wrote a eulogy that was read at the Aero Club meeting in January 1911. When the Aero Club of Illinois was founded on February 10, 1910, <mask> served as its first president until his death. Death

<mask> died on November 23, 1910, in Chicago. Commemoration
The town of Chanute, Kansas, is named after Chanute (3 small towns in southeast Kansas were vying for the railroad's land office and Chanute suggested that they incorporate, which would make the larger town more attractive to the railroad - it worked), as is the former Chanute Air Force Base near Rantoul, Illinois, which was decommissioned in 1993. The former base, now turned to peacetime endeavors, includes the Octave Chanute Aerospace Museum, detailing the history of aviation and of Chanute Air Force base. In 1902, the Western Society of Engineers began to present the Octave Chanute Award for papers of merit on engineering innovations. From 1939 to 2005, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics presented the Chanute Flight Award for an outstanding contribution made by a pilot or test personnel to the advancement of the art, science, and technology of aeronautics.In 1974, <mask> was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame. In 1978, the U.S. Postal Service commemorated <mask> <mask> with a pair of 21-cent airmail stamps. In 1996, the National Soaring Museum honored the 100th anniversary of the glider flying experiments in the sand dunes along Lake Michigan as National Landmark of Soaring No. 8. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, in Daytona Beach, Florida, has an off-campus residence hall, the Chanute Complex. for upper-class students.The Gary Bathing Beach

masks: Chanute Chanute Chanute Chanute Octave Chanute


title: Octave Chanute

texts:
 Aquatorium, in Gary, Indiana, houses a museum dedicated to both <mask> <mask> and the Tuskegee Airmen. The historic bathing pavilion was designed by architect George Washington Maher. He is present in the Frieze of American History, in the Capitol Rotunda, Washington DC. Patents
U.S. patents
 , Rolling Track Irons
 , Dredging Machine (Octave Chanute & George S. Morrison)
 , Preserving timber structure
 , Soaring Machine
 , Means for Aerial Flight, Chanute filed the patent on behalf of Louis Mouillard, with one-half being assigned to Chanute. , Soaring Machine, William Paul Butusov, Chanute collaborated and paid for the patent process and was assigned one-half. , Process of Preserving Wood
 , Means for Aerial Flight (or glider launcher). U.K. patents
 13372 (flying machine, c.1897)
 13373 (flying machine, c.1897)
 15221 (flying machine, c.1897)

Canadian patents
 {34507}, Process of Preserving Wood Artificially against Decay

Timeline

See also
 Octave Chanute Award
 The "Pioneer Era" (1900–1914) of Aviation history

References

Bibliography
 Text of Progress in Flying Machines
 Progress in Flying Machines By <mask> Chanute, Courier Dover Publications, reprint 1997 of 1894 original.At Google books. World Book Encyclopedia
 <mask> <mask>, 1832-1910. Obituary in Flight. 3 December 1910
 Simine Short. 2011. Locomotive to Aeromotive: <mask> <mask> and the Transportation Revolution. University of Illinois Press.External links

 Progress in Flying Machines
 (Fiddlersgreen.net) history, photos, paper model
 A comprehensive look at <mask>'s glider flying experiments in 1896 in northern Indiana
 Flights Before the Wrights, Octave <mask>: aeronautical pioneer, engineer and teacher

 Locomotive to Aeromotive

1832 births
1910 deaths
Engineers from New York City
Gliding in the United States
Aerodynamicists
Wright brothers
Aviation pioneers
Aviation inventors
Royal Aeronautical Society Gold Medal winners
American railway civil engineers
French emigrants to the United States
Burials in Illinois
Articles which contain

masks: Octave Chanute Octave Octave Chanute Octave Chanute Chanute Chanute


title: Al-Farouq Aminu

texts:
Al-<mask> (born September 21, 1990) is a Nigerian-American professional basketball player who last played for the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He plays internationally with the Nigeria national basketball team. Aminu was selected by the Los Angeles Clippers in the 2010 NBA draft with the eighth overall pick, and has also played for the New Orleans Pelicans, Dallas Mavericks, Portland Trail Blazers, Orlando Magic, and Chicago Bulls. High school career
Aminu went to Norcross High School and was ranked as one of the top college recruits in the nation from the class of 2008. He was ranked #7 in the nation by Rivals.com and #13 by Scout.com. <mask> transferred to Norcross between his freshman and sophomore years from Wesleyan School, but was ruled ineligible and had to play on Norcross' JV team his sophomore year. In his junior year, Aminu and teammate Gani Lawal led Norcross to a 30–3 record and a #12 national seed.<mask> averaged 13.7 points and 9.5 rebounds per game in his junior year. He led Norcross to back to back Georgia 5A state titles in 2007 and 2008. He averaged 23.1 points and 11.2 rebounds a game as a senior. Norcross finished 29–2 and ranked #6 in 2008. <mask> was a member of the 2008 McDonald's All-American Team and played in the Jordan Brand Classic where he had 12 points and 13 rebounds. College career
<mask> committed to Wake Forest in July 2007 and in November 2007 <mask>

masks:
Farouq Ajiede Aminu
Aminu
Aminu
Aminu
Aminu
Aminu


title: Al-Farouq Aminu

texts:
 signed a Letter of Intent to play basketball at Wake Forest. He chose Wake Forest over Georgia Tech.As a freshman during the 2008–09 season, he was a unanimous selection for the ACC All-Freshman Team. Aminu posted 10 double-doubles on the year, including five in conference action. He led all freshmen and ranked sixth in the ACC with 8.3 rebounds per game. Aminu was also second among all league rookies with 13.0 points per contest. College statistics

|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2008–09
|style="text-align:left;"|Wake Forest
|31||30||29.0||.516||.179||.671||8.2||1.5||1.0||1.2||12.9
|-
|style="text-align:left;"|2009–10
|style="text-align:left;"|Wake Forest
|31||30||31.3||.447||.273||.698||10.7||1.3||1.4||1.4||15.8
|}

Professional career

Los Angeles Clippers (2010–2011)
On April 1, 2010 Aminu hired an agent and declared for the 2010 NBA draft. He was selected with the eighth overall pick by the Los Angeles Clippers. In just his eighth game for the Clippers on November 9, 2010, he had a season-best game with 20 points (a career-high until March 31, 2016) and 8 rebounds against the New Orleans Hornets.New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans (2011–2014)

On December 14, 2011, the Clippers traded <mask>, Chris Kaman, Eric Gordon and a 2012 first-round pick (previously acquired from the Minnesota Timberwolves) to the New Orleans Hornets in exchange for Chris Paul and two future second-round picks. In the final game of the 2012–13


title: Al-Farouq Aminu

texts:
 regular season on April 17, Aminu recorded 16 points and a career-high 20 rebounds in an 87–99 loss to the Dallas Mavericks. The next day, the Hornets changed their name to the Pelicans. On December 4, 2013, against the Dallas Mavericks once again, Aminu tied his career-best game with 16 points and 20 rebounds in a 97–100 loss. Dallas Mavericks (2014–2015)
On July 29, 2014, Aminu signed with the Dallas Mavericks. On February 20, 2015, he had a season-best game with 17 points and 12 rebounds in a 111–100 win over the Houston Rockets. Portland Trail Blazers (2015–2019)
On July 9, 2015, Aminu signed a four-year, $30 million contract with the Portland Trail Blazers.On August 1, 2015, he played for Team Africa at the 2015 NBA Africa exhibition game. He made his debut for the Trail Blazers in the team's season opener against the New Orleans Pelicans on October 28, recording 9 points and 8 rebounds in a 112–94 win. On March 26, 2016, <mask> matched his career high with 20 points and grabbed eight rebounds in a 108–105 win over the Philadelphia 76ers. He set a new career high five days later, scoring 28 points while hitting a career-high six three-pointers in a 116–109 win over the Boston Celtics. On April 6, he scored 27 points in a 120–115 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder, helping the Trail Blazers clinch a postseason berth. The Trail Blazers finished the regular season as the fifth seed in the Western Conference with


title: Al-Farouq Aminu

texts:
 a 44–38 record. In the first round of the playoffs, the Trail Blazers faced the fourth-seeded Los Angeles Clippers, and in a Game 4 win on April 25, Aminu recorded a career-high 30 points and 10 rebounds, helping the team tie the series at 2–2.The Trail Blazers went on to win the series 4–2 and advanced to the second round where they faced the Golden State Warriors. In Game 3 of the series, Aminu recorded 23 points and 10 rebounds to help the Trail Blazers win 120–108, cutting the Warriors' advantage in the series to 2–1. The Trail Blazers went on to lose the series to the Warriors in five games. After starting in the Trail Blazers' first eight games of the 2016–17 season, <mask> was ruled out for a number of weeks with a calf injury on November 11, 2016. He returned to action on December 5 after missing 13 games and had three points in 17 minutes against the Chicago Bulls. He later missed four games in mid-December with a sore back. On February 9, 2017, he scored a season-high 26 points in a 120–111 loss to the Boston Celtics.<mask> missed 13 games with a right ankle injury during November 2017. On January 1, 2018, he scored a season-high 24 points in a 124–120 overtime win over the Chicago Bulls. Orlando Magic (2019–2021)
On July 6, 2019, Aminu signed with the Orlando Magic. On December 1, 2019, the Orlando Magic announced that <mask> suffered a  torn meniscus in his right knee and would be out indefinitely.

masks: Aminu Aminu Aminu


title: Al-Farouq Aminu

texts:
 Chicago Bulls (2021)
On March 25, 2021, <mask> and Nikola Vučević were traded to the Chicago Bulls in exchange for Wendell Carter Jr., Otto Porter and two future first-round picks. On August 11, 2021, <mask>, Thaddeus Young, and several draft picks were traded to the San Antonio Spurs in exchange for DeMar DeRozan. On October 18, Aminu was waived by the San Antonio Spurs after appearing in one pre-season game.On December 25, he was signed to a 10-day contract by the Boston Celtics. However, he never played a game in Boston. International career
<mask> represents the Nigerian national basketball team. He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics. On August 30, 2015, <mask> with the D'Tigers of Nigeria won the 2015 FIBA Africa Championship (AfroBasket) in Tunisia by defeating Angola 74–65. He was also named in the All-Star Five of the 2015 Afrobasket. Personal life
Al-Farouq <mask> is married to Helina Tekeste Aminu.The couple have a daughter together. He is the child of a Yoruba father from Nigeria and an African American mother from New York. Aminu is descended from a line of Nigerian kings. He is a Muslim. His name translates to "the chief has arrived." (This also helps explain his nickname, "The Chief.") His brother, Alade <mask>, is also a professional basketball forward.<mask> and his wife's foundation, Aminu Good Works Foundation, organizes a yearly basketball camp in Nigeria since 2016. The camp takes place in

masks: Aminu Aminu Aminu Aminu Aminu Aminu Aminu


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
<mask> (; born 12 January 1929) is a Scottish-American philosopher who has contributed to moral and political philosophy as well as history of philosophy and theology. <mask>'s After Virtue (1981) is one of the most important works of Anglophone moral and political philosophy in the 20th century. He is senior research fellow at the Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and Politics (CASEP) at London Metropolitan University, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, and Permanent Senior Distinguished Research Fellow at the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture. During his lengthy academic career, he also taught at Brandeis University, Duke University, Vanderbilt University, and Boston University. Biography
<mask> was born on 12 January 1929 in Glasgow, to Eneas and Greta (Chalmers) <mask>. He was educated at Queen Mary College, London, and has a Master of Arts degree from the University of Manchester and from the University of Oxford. He began his teaching career in 1951 at Manchester.He married Ann Peri with whom he had two daughters, Jean and Toni. He taught at the University of Leeds, the University of Essex and the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom, before moving to the US in around 1969. MacIntyre has been something of an intellectual nomad, having taught at many universities in the US. He has held the following positions:
Professor of History of Ideas, Brandeis University (1969 or 1970),
 Dean of the College of Arts and Professor of Philosophy, Boston University (1972),
Henry Luce Professor, Wellesley College (1980),
W. Alton Jones Professor, Vanderbilt University

masks:
Alasdair Chalmers MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 Since 1977 he has been married to philosopher Lynn Joy, who is also on the philosophy faculty at Notre Dame. Philosophical approach
<mask>'s approach to moral philosophy interweaves a number of complex strands. Although he largely aims to revive an Aristotelian moral philosophy based on the virtues, he claims a "peculiarly modern understanding" of this task. This "peculiarly modern understanding" largely concerns <mask>'s approach to moral disputes. Unlike some analytic philosophers who try to generate moral consensus on the basis of rationality, MacIntyre uses the historical development of ethics to circumvent the modern problem of "incommensurable" moral notions, whose merits cannot be compared in any common framework.Following Hegel and Collingwood, he offers a "philosophical history" (as opposed to analytical and phenomenological approaches) in which he concedes from the beginning that "there are no neutral standards available by appeal to which any rational agent whatsoever could determine" the conclusions of moral philosophy. In his most famous work, After Virtue, he deprecates the attempt of Enlightenment thinkers to deduce a universal rational morality independent of teleology, whose failure led to the rejection of moral rationality altogether by successors such as Friedrich Nietzsche, Jean-Paul Sartre, and Charles Stevenson. He emphasizes how this overestimation of reason led to Nietzsche's utter repudiation of the possibility of moral rationality. By contrast, MacIntyre attempts to reclaim more modest forms of moral rationality and argumentation which claim neither finality nor logical certainty, but which can

masks: MacIntyre MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 hold up against relativistic or emotivist denials of any moral rationality whatsoever (the mistaken conclusion of Nietzsche, Sartre, and Stevenson). He revives the tradition of Aristotelian ethics with its teleological account of the good and of moral actions, as fulfilled in the medieval writings of Thomas Aquinas. This Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition, he proposes, presents "the best theory so far," both of how things are and how we ought to act. More generally, according to MacIntyre, moral disputes always take place within and between rival traditions of thought relying on an inherited store of ideas, presuppositions, types of arguments and shared understandings and approaches.Even though there is no definitive way for one tradition in moral philosophy to logically refute another, nevertheless opposing views can dispute each others' internal coherence, resolution of imaginative dilemmas and epistemic crises, and achievement of fruitful results. Major writings

After Virtue (1981)

Probably his most widely read work, After Virtue was written when <mask> was already in his fifties. Up to then, <mask> had been a relatively influential analytic philosopher of Marxist bent whose moral inquiries had been conducted in a "piecemeal way, focusing first on this problem and then on that, in a mode characteristic of much analytic philosophy." However, after reading the works of Thomas Kuhn and Imre Lakatos on philosophy of science and epistemology, <mask> was inspired to change the entire direction of his thought, tearing up the manuscript he had been working on and deciding to view the problems of modern moral and political

masks: MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 philosophy "not from the standpoint of liberal modernity, but instead from the standpoint of… Aristotelian moral and political practice." In general terms, the task of After Virtue is to account both for the dysfunction of modern moral discourse in modern society and to rehabilitate the alternative of teleological rationality in Aristotelian virtue ethics. <mask>'s philippic articulates a politics of self-defence for local communities who aspire to protect their traditional way of life from the corrosive capitalist free market. Whose Justice?Which Rationality? (1988)

<mask>'s second major work of his mature period takes up the problem of giving an account of philosophical rationality within the context of his notion of "traditions," which had still remained under-theorized in After Virtue. Specifically, <mask> argues that rival and largely incompatible conceptions of justice are the outcome of rival and largely incompatible forms of practical rationality. These competing forms of practical rationality and their attendant ideas of justice are in turn the result of "socially embodied traditions of rational inquiry." Although <mask>'s treatment of traditions is quite complex he does give a relatively concise definition: "A tradition is an argument extended through time in which certain fundamental agreements are defined and redefined" in terms of both internal and external debates. Much of Whose Justice? Which Rationality?is therefore engaged in the task of not only giving the reader examples of what MacIntyre considers actual rival traditions and the different ways they can split apart, integrate, or defeat one another

masks: MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 (e.g. Aristotelian, Augustinian, Thomist, Humean) but also with substantiating how practical rationality and a conception of justice help constitute those traditions. Specifically, according to him, the differing accounts of justice that are presented by Aristotle and Hume are due to the underlying differences in their conceptual schemes. <mask> argues that despite their incommensurability there are various ways in which alien traditions might engage one another rationally – most especially via a form of immanent critique which makes use of empathetic imagination to then put the rival tradition into "epistemic crisis" but also by being able to solve shared or analogous problems and dilemmas from within one's own tradition which remain insoluble from the rival approach. <mask>'s account also defends three further theses: first, that all rational human inquiry is conducted whether knowingly or not from within a tradition; second, that the incommensurable conceptual schemes of rival traditions do not entail either relativism or perspectivism; third, that although the arguments of the book are themselves attempts at universally valid insights they are nevertheless given from within a particular tradition (that of Thomist Aristotelianism) and that this need not imply any philosophical inconsistency. Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry (1990)

Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry was first presented by MacIntyre as part of the Gifford lecture series at the University of Edinburgh in 1988 and is considered by many the third part in a trilogy of philosophical argumentation that commenced with After Virtue. As its title


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts: implies, MacIntyre's aim in this book is to examine three major rival traditions of moral inquiry on the intellectual scene today (encyclopaedic, genealogical and traditional) which each in turn was given defence from a canonical piece published in the late nineteenth century (the Ninth Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Friedrich Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals and Pope Leo XIII's Aeterni Patris, respectively).<mask>'s book ultimately conducts a complex series of both interior and exterior critiques of the encyclopaedic and genealogical positions in an attempt to vindicate philosophical Thomism as the most persuasive form of moral inquiry currently on offer. His critique in chapter IX of Nietzsche's and Michel Foucault's genealogical mode as implicitly committed to an emancipatory and continuous notion of self which they cannot account for on their own terms has been of particular influence. The tradition-bound account of rational inquiry <mask> articulates and deploys throughout these lectures suggests reforms, which he explores in chapter X, both for the lecture as a genre and for the university as an institution. To advance rational inquiry, MacIntyre argues that lectures ought to take account of the tradition-constituted roles both of lecturer and of student. Lecturers as members of explicitly articulated traditions should engage students, recognized as standing in various relationships to the lecturer's own and/or rival traditions, on material situated in the historically-contextualized progress of the lecturer's home tradition. In support of such lectures and of tradition-bound inquiry on the research front,


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 universities should become forums for growing and engaging rival traditions. For students, such forums would invite intentional formation within a tradition, and support learning how to profitably confront rival traditions through imaginative participation in them.For researchers, inquiry at the frontier must advance toward holistic, inter-disciplinary accounts, at once both theoretical and practical, undertaken together by members of communities of practitioners bound together in traditions. Such tradition-bound inquiry contributes to the advancement of researchers' host traditions on their own terms. Moreover, undertaking such inquiry in a reformed university setting would support encounter among host traditions and their rivals, and thus visibility as traditions both to themselves and to others through imaginative engagement with rival perspectives. The public hosting of such engagements at suitably-reformed universities, including opportunities for agreement from complementary perspectives and for sharpening differences, would support both adjudication among the mutual claims to rational superiority among rival traditions, and initiation of students into the skill sets required to profitably join and assess such encounters. Dependent Rational Animals (1999)

While After Virtue attempted to give an account of the virtues exclusively by recourse to social practices and the understanding of individual selves in light of "quests" and "traditions," Dependent Rational Animals was a self-conscious effort by MacIntyre to ground virtues in an account of biology. <mask> writes the following of this shift in the preface to the


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 book: "Although there is indeed good reason to repudiate important elements in Aristotle's biology, I now judge that I was in error in supposing an ethics independent of biology to be possible." More specifically, Dependent Rational Animals tries to make a holistic case on the basis of our best current knowledge (as opposed to an ahistorical, foundational claim) that "human vulnerability and disability" are the "central features of human life" and that Thomistic "virtues of dependency" are needed for individual human beings to flourish in their passage from stages of infancy to adulthood and old age.As <mask> puts it: It is most often to others that we owe our survival, let alone our flourishing ... It will be a central thesis of this book that the virtues that we need, if we are to develop from our animal condition into that of independent rational agents, and the virtues that we need, if we are to confront and respond to vulnerability and disability both in ourselves and in others, belong to one and the same set of virtues, the distinctive virtues of dependent rational animals

Engaging with scientific texts on human biology as well as works of philosophical anthropology, MacIntyre identifies the human species as existing on a continuous scale of both intelligence and dependency with other animals such as dolphins. One of his main goals is to undermine what he sees as the fiction of the disembodied, independent reasoner who determines ethical and moral questions autonomously and what he calls the "illusion of self-sufficiency" that runs through much of Western ethics culminating in Nietzsche's Übermensch. In its place


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 he tries to show that our embodied dependencies are a definitive characteristic of our species and reveal the need for certain kinds of virtuous dispositions if we are ever to flourish into independent reasoners capable of weighing the intellectual intricacies of moral philosophy in the first place. Virtue ethics
MacIntyre is a key figure in the recent surge of interest in virtue ethics, which identifies the central question of morality as having to do with the habits and knowledge concerning how to live a good life. His approach seeks to demonstrate that good judgment emanates from good character. Being a good person is not about seeking to follow formal rules.In elaborating this approach, <mask> understands himself to be reworking the Aristotelian idea of an ethical teleology. <mask> emphasises the importance of moral goods defined in respect to a community engaged in a 'practice'—which he calls 'internal goods' or 'goods of excellence'—rather than focusing on practice-independent obligation of a moral agent (deontological ethics) or the consequences of a particular act (utilitarianism). Before its recent resurgence, virtue ethics in European/American academia had been primarily associated with pre-modern philosophers (e.g. Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas). <mask> has argued that Aquinas' synthesis of Augustinianism with Aristotelianism is more insightful than modern moral theories by focusing upon the telos ('end', or completion) of a social practice and of a human life, within the context of which the morality of acts may be evaluated. His seminal work in the area of virtue ethics can be found in his 1981 book,


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 After Virtue. <mask> intends the idea of virtue to supplement, rather than replace, moral rules.Indeed, he describes certain moral rules as 'exceptionless' or unconditional. <mask> considers his work to be outside "virtue ethics" due to his affirmation of virtues as embedded in specific, historically grounded, social practices. Politics
Politically, <mask>'s ethics informs a defence of the Aristotelian 'goods of excellence' internal to practices against the modern pursuit of 'external goods', such as money, power, and status, that are characteristic of rule-based, utilitarian, Weberian modern institutions. He has been described as a 'revolutionary Aristotelian' because of his attempt to combine historical insights from his Marxist past with those of Thomas Aquinas and Aristotle after <mask>'s conversion to Catholicism. For him, liberalism and postmodern consumerism not only justify capitalism but also sustain and inform it over the long term. At the same time, he says that "Marxists have always fallen back into relatively straightforward versions of Kantianism or utilitarianism" and criticises Marxism as just another form of radical individualism. He says about Marxists that "as they move towards power they always tend to become Weberians."Informed by that critique, Aristotelianism loses its sense of elitist complacency; moral excellence ceases to be part of a particular, historical practice in ancient Greece and becomes a universal quality of those who understand that good judgment emanates from good character. It has been argued that <mask>'s thought is unable to provide a coherent and effective model for a

masks: MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 justifiable and politically stable political order because of its neglect of political theology. In 1951 in student debates at Manchester  <mask>li Tory but later was a member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (leaving in 1956), briefly of the Socialist Labour League, and later of the Socialist Review Group/International Socialists. <mask> converted to Catholicism in the early 1980s, and now does his work against the background of what he calls an "Augustinian Thomist approach to moral philosophy." In an interview with Prospect, <mask> explains that his conversion to Catholicism occurred in his fifties as a "result of being convinced of Thomism while attempting to disabuse his students of its authenticity." Also, in his book Whose Justice, Which Rationality? there is a section towards the end that is perhaps autobiographical when he explains how one is chosen by a tradition and may reflect his own conversion to Catholicism.Fuller accounts of <mask>'s view of the relationship between philosophy and religion in general and Thomism and Catholicism in particular can be found in his essays "Philosophy recalled to its tasks" and "Truth as a good" (both found in the collection The Tasks of Philosophy) as well as in the survey of the Catholic philosophical tradition he gives in God, Philosophy and Universities. Bibliography
1953. Marxism: An Interpretation. London, SCM Press. 1955. (edited with Antony Flew). New Essays in Philosophical Theology.London: SCM Press. 1958, 2004. The Unconscious: A Conceptual Analysis. Second edition. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. 1959. Difficulties in Christian Belief.London: SCM Press.

masks:
MacIntyrerae
Religion MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 Tasks of Philosophy: Selected Essays, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press.2006. Ethics and Politics: Selected Essays, Volume 2. Cambridge University Press. 2006. "The End of Education: The Fragmentation of the American University". Commonweal, 20 October 2006 / Volume CXXXIII, Number 18. 2009.<mask> <mask>'s Engagement with Marxism: Selected Writings, 1953–1974, Blackledge, Paul and Neil Davidson, eds. Haymarket. 2009. God, Philosophy, Universities: A Selective History of the Catholic Philosophical Tradition. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. 2009. "The Nature of The Virtues" in Living Ethics.Minch and Weigel, eds. 2016. Ethics in the Conflicts of Modernity: An Essay on Desire, Practical Reasoning, and Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. See also
 Analytical Thomism

References

Further reading
 D'Andrea, Thomas D., Tradition, Rationality and Virtue: The Thought of <mask> <mask>, Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2006. Bielskis, Andrius, Towards a Post-Modern Understanding of the Political: From Genealogy to Hermeneutics, Basingstoke, New York: Palgrame-Macmillan, 2005. Horton, John, and Susan Mendus (eds.), <mask>: Critical Perspectives on the Work of Alasdair <mask>, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994. Knight, Kelvin, Aristotelian Philosophy: Ethics and Politics from Aristotle to <mask>, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2007. Knight, Kelvin, and Paul Blackledge (eds. ), Revolutionary Aristotelianism: Ethics, Resistance and Utopia, Stuttgart: Lucius & Lucius, 2008. Lutz, Christopher Stephen, Reading Alasdair <mask>'s After Virtue, New York: Continuum, 2012. Lutz, Christopher Stephen, Tradition in the Ethics of Alasdair

masks:
Alasdair
MacIntyre
Alasdair
MacIntyre
After MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre
MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 <mask>: Relativism, Thomism, and Philosophy, Lanham, MA: Rowman and Littlefield, 2004. Murphy, Mark C.(ed. ), <mask> <mask>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Myers, Jesse, "Towards Virtue: Alasdair <mask> and the Recovery of the Virtues", 2009
 Nicholas, Jeffery L. Reason, Tradition, and the Good: MacIntyre's Tradition-Constituted Reason and Frankfurt School Critical Theory, UNDP 2012. Perreau-Saussine, Emile Department of Polis: PPSIS Faculty, All Academic Contacts: Alasdair <mask>: une biographie intellectuelle, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2005. Seung, T. K., Intuition and Construction: The Foundation of Normative Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. See chapter six: "Aristotelian Revival". Skinner, Quentin."The Republican Ideal of Political Liberty", Machiavelli and Republicanism, edited by Gisela Bock, Quentin Skinner and Maurizio Viroli; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990, pp. 293–309 (critique of <mask>'s After Virtue)

Interviews with MacIntyre

 "The Illusion of Self-Sufficiency" in A. Voorhoeve, Conversations on Ethics (Oxford University Press, 2009). "Nietzsche or Aristotle?" in Giovanna Borradori, The American philosopher: Conversations with Quine, Davidson, Putnam, Nozick, Danto, Rorty, Cavell, <mask>, Kuhn (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994) 137–152. "<mask> <mask> on Education: In Dialogue with Joseph Dunne" in Journal of Philosophy of Education, 36(1), 2002. External links

Bibliographies of <mask> by:
 Scott Moore, Baylor University. , University of Guelph.Centre for Contemporary Aristotelian Studies in Ethics and Politics (CASEP)
Internet Encyclopedia

masks: MacIntyre Alasdair MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre Alasdair MacIntyre MacIntyre


title: Alasdair MacIntyre

texts:
 of Philosophy:
Clayton, Edward. "Political Philosophy of Alasdair <mask>"
Lutz, Christopher. "Alasdair Chalmers <mask> (overview)"
   International Society for MacIntyrean Enquiry. Schwein, Mark R. (1991) "Alasdair <mask>'s University", First Things. Review of Three Rival Versions of Moral Inquiry. Cowling, Maurice (1994) "Alasdair <mask>, Religion & the University," The New Criterion 12:6. Oakes, Edward T. (1996) The Achievement of Alasdair <mask>," First Things
Times Literary Supplement: "Review of Selected Essays Vols.I & II" – by Constantine Sandis. Hauerwas, Stanley (2007) The Virtues of Alasdair <mask>," First Things
<mask>, <mask> (2004) The Only Vote Worth Casting in November
Dahlstrom, Daniel O. (2012) "Independence and the Virtuous Community," critique of <mask>'s "Dependent Rational Animals" (1999) in Reason Papers: A Journal of Interdisciplinary Normative Studies 34.2, October 2012, pp. 70–83

1929 births
20th-century British historians
20th-century British philosophers
Academics of London Metropolitan University
Academics of the University of Essex
Alumni of Queen Mary University of London
Alumni of the University of Manchester
Aristotelian philosophers
Brandeis University faculty
Catholic philosophers
Catholic socialists
Christian ethicists
Communist Party of Great Britain members
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Critics of atheism
Duke University faculty
Epistemologists
Fellows of University College, Oxford
Kierkegaard scholars
Living people
Metaphysicians
Moral philosophers
Ontologists
Academics from Glasgow
Phenomenologists
Philosophers of economics
Philosophers of education
Philosophers of ethics and

masks: MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre MacIntyre Alasdair MacIntyre


title: John Watts (composer)

texts:
<mask>, Jr. (1929–1982) was an American composer of electronic music throughout the 1970s and 1980s. One of the medium's main advocates and teachers, <mask> wrote about new music, experimenting with literary composition and journalism. <mask> worked extensively with his wife, Laura Foreman, on performance art and dance pieces. Together, they formed the Composers and Choreographers Theatre, "an entity that quickly grew into a nationally recognized venue for contemporary dance and music in New York City." From 1969 until 1982, <mask> was a faculty member at the New School for Social Research in New York City. While there, he directed the Electronic Music Program and coordinated music workshops, concerts, and festivals. Biography and education
<mask> was born in Maryville, Tennessee.He received a Bachelor of Arts degree (Music Composition) from University of Tennessee (1949) and commenced working on a master's degree there. However, with the outbreak of the Korean War he was drafted into the US Army (1950). He received a medical discharge from the Army in 1951. Returning from the Army, <mask> applied for and received a music scholarship to University of Colorado, where he received a Master of Arts degree (Music) in 1953. He transferred to University of Illinois to pursue a Doctorate in Music Composition, but moved to Cornell University when his principal advisor (Robert Palmer) left Illinois for Cornell. Before completing the degree requirements <mask> took a leave of absence and taught Music at North Dakota Agricultural College in Fargo for a year (1956–57). After Fargo, <mask> studied music and composition, both independently and under the tutelage of Roy Harris.By 1964 he was ready to return to Cornell to complete the Ph.D., but his application was rejected. Musical career
<mask> had studied music since his early teens, beginning with learning to play the clarinet. While working on his MA degree in Colorado he received the Thomas Berry Prize for Composition (1950). His study of music became intertwined with studies of painting and drawing, which apparently began when he met Charles Ragland Bunnell in Colorado. At a 1950

masks:
John Everett Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts


title: John Watts (composer)

texts:
 summer music festival <mask> became acquainted with Roy Harris, who encouraged <mask> to concentrate on composition. After the year of teaching in Fargo, <mask> sought private studies with Harris (who was at Indiana University at the time). In 1958 (while studying with Harris) <mask> began work on his Sonata for Piano, which was eventually given a Carnegie Hall premiere by David Del Tredici.<mask> attended the Inter-American University of Puerto Rico (San Germán) during part of the 1960-61 academic year. In 1962 <mask> moved to New York City to teach in the Waltann School of Creative Arts (in Brooklyn), and at the North Shore Community Arts Center. It was during this time that he met dancer-choreographer Laura Foreman, whom he married in 1963 at Los Angeles, California. It was his third marriage (her first). <mask> continued to study informally with Harris as opportunity allowed. In 1964 <mask> received a residency at Yaddo Arts Colony. When his 1964 re-application to Cornell University was rejected, <mask> rekindled his interest in journalism, taking a post as editor of the weekly Manhattan East News (1965–67).He also taught music at Eron Preparatory School (1965–66), and edited The Journal of Prayer, a nondenominational inspirational publication (1967–70). <mask> founded the Composers Cooperative Society (1964), an organization dedicated to presenting concerts of new music. After his marriage, he and Foreman blended his program and her Laura Foreman Dance Company, calling the combined effort The Composers and Choreographers Theatre. It rapidly grew into a nationally recognized venue for music and dance. It was established as a non-profit corporation, and set up an artist-in-residence program in conjunction with the New School for Social Research. <mask> served on the faculty of that school from 1969 until 1982, running the Electronic Music Program. Composition of electronic music
<mask> established one of the first university electronic music/synthesizer programs in the country.He learned of the Moog synthesizer while working with Gershon Kingsley in the 1960s. <mask> acquired a synthesizer in 1970 (an ARP String

masks: Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts Watts


title: John Watts (composer)

texts:
 Synthesizer), giving his first public concert with it in 1972 (Elegy to Chimney: In Memoriam was the initial piece). Director
During the 1970s <mask> tried to wear several hats: composer, soloist (on synthesizer), director of the Composers Theatre, director of Electronic Music Program at the New School. The most significant drain on his time was the Composers Theatre; he and Laura worked tirelessly to obtain and maintain funding for its projects. The measure of his success is seen in that during his tenure the CCT presented the works of over 200 composers, founded the Composers Festival Orchestra, and produced 3 LP recordings. <mask> and Foreman worked to receive publicity, to help generate funding sources. The greatest publicity they received was for an event which did not occur.A July 1981 article in the New York Times shows a poster of the <mask> presentation Wallwork with a “Sold Out” sign printed across the center. Not happening was the point of the concert, which was advertised—with ticket prices, date, time, and reservation telephone number— on posters all over New York City. When people called the number, they were told that no further names were being added to the waiting list. It was a hoax, though nobody was cheated out of any money. Newspaper writer Jack Anderson called the stunt “nutty and annoying” but said that “it does raise questions about the relationship between art and publicity.”

Final years and death
<mask>' last performed work (Time Coded Woman), was written for Lukas Foss and the Brooklyn Philharmonic’s “Meet the Moderns” series. It featured video footage by Laura Foreman, with electronic music tracks and orchestra. A test premiere at Cooper Union (2 April 1982) was well-received, but the actual premiere at the Brooklyn Academy of Music (3 April 1982) was not.This setback apparently combined with his loss of the teaching post from the New School, which occurred at about that same time, to drive <mask> into a depressed state, and he died three months later. Notes

American male composers
1929 births
1982 deaths
American electronic musicians
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male

masks:
Watts
Watts
Watts Foreman
Watts
Watts


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
<mask> (; born 2 April 1959) is a Finnish former rally driver. His factory team career in the World Rally Championship lasted from 1983 to 2002. He won 23 world rallies and four drivers' world championship titles, which were both once records in the series. Both Sébastien Loeb and Sébastien Ogier have since collected more world titles, but no driver was able to repeat <mask>'s feat of becoming a world champion with three different manufacturers until Ogier matched this achievement in 2020. <mask> was signed by Toyota Team Europe in 1983 and he took his first WRC win in his third year in the team. His performances got him a deal with the defending champions Peugeot for 1986, and <mask> was soon crowned the series' then youngest-ever champion. As Peugeot withdrew from the championship following the ban of Group B, <mask> moved to Lancia and became the first driver to successfully defend his title.After a two-year stint back at Toyota, he returned to Lancia and won a record third title in 1991. In 1993, <mask> re-joined Toyota and won his fourth title. Following Toyota's disqualification and 12-month ban in 1995, <mask> did not return to active participation in the series until joining Ford halfway through the 1997 season replacing an underperforming Armin Schwarz. After moving to Subaru for 1999, he took his first win in over five years. Before retiring after the 2002 season, he competed part-time for Hyundai. <mask>'s achievements outside the WRC include winning the Dakar Rally in 1988 and the Race of Champions in 1988 and 1991. Following his retirement from active rallying, he has worked in the fields of business and politics.In 2007, <mask> set the world speed record on ice in a Bentley Continental GT. In 2011, he set a further record of 330.695 km/h in a convertible Bentley Continental Supersports. Career
<mask> grew up on his family's farm in Laukaa in Central Finland, near the route of the Rally Finland. His father had rallying and ice racing as a hobby, and taught <mask>

masks:
Juha Matti Pellervo Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Juha


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
 how to drive on an ice racing track. <mask> began to drive when he was seven years old, and owned his first car at the age of 12. He debuted in rallying in 1978 and competed in his first World Rally Championship event at the 1979 1000 Lakes Rally in Finland, finishing 14th in a Ford Escort RS2000. <mask> was coached by Timo Mäkinen, a friend of his father's, and was able to compete often and gain experience with financial help from Timo Jouhki, future manager for many Finnish rally drivers such as Tommi Mäkinen and Mikko Hirvonen.1983–85: Toyota
Due to good results for Toyota Finland in local events, <mask> was signed by the Toyota Team Europe, Toyota's factory WRC team headed by Ove Andersson. In his first season in the Toyota Celica Twincam Turbo, as teammate to the 1979 world champion Björn Waldegård, his three outings in the championship resulted in a sixth place at the 1000 Lakes, a seventh place at the RAC Rally in Great Britain and a retirement at the Rallye Côte d'Ivoire. The following year, Kankkunen competed in four WRC events with Fred Gallagher as his new regular co-driver, retiring in three and finishing fifth in his home event. In 1985, he started his season with a surprise victory at the Safari Rally, becoming the first driver to win the event on the first attempt. He went on to compete in four more rallies and take his second win at WRC's second endurance event, the Rallye Côte d'Ivoire, where he finished with the same amount of penalty minutes (4 hours and 46 minutes) as his teammate Waldegård but took the win by a tiebreaker. 1986: Peugeot

<mask>'s performances with the Celica earned him his chance to come to the fore with the defending manufacturers' and drivers' champions Peugeot. The team signed him for the 1986 season to replace Ari Vatanen who was still recovering from his nearly fatal accident during the previous season.<mask> duly seized his opportunity, taking the second evolution of the Peugeot 205 Turbo 16 E2 to victory in the Swedish Rally, the

masks: Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
 Acropolis Rally and the Rally New Zealand and finishing on the podium in three more events. The season ended in controversy, when first Group B cars were banned for the next season after Henri Toivonen's fatal accident at the Tour de Corse, which outraged Peugeot team principal Jean Todt, and later the French Peugeot team were excluded at the Rallye Sanremo in Italy, resulting in a triple win for home country's Lancia. Despite the 205 T16s passing the pre-rally scrutiny, the stewards had decreed on re-examination that the cars' underbody fins were in fact illegal side skirts. Going into the season-ending Olympus Rally in the United States, Lancia's Markku Alén led Kankkunen by one point. Although Alén beat <mask> to the win, he was the world champion only for eleven days, until Peugeot's appeal went through. The FIA deemed the team's Sanremo exclusion illegal and annulled the results of the event, making <mask> the youngest champion in the history of the series. 1987: Lancia
Following the FIA's decision to ban Group B, Peugeot withdrew from the WRC and <mask> moved to drive the Lancia Delta HF 4WD for Lancia Martini, Lancia's factory WRC team.He was quickly comfortable in the car and led his Lancia debut in Monte Carlo until the very last stage, when Lancia boss Cesare Fiorio controversially forced him to finish second behind teammate Miki Biasion. <mask> later won the Olympus Rally by beating Biasion by only 12 seconds in a six-hour event. In a close battle for the drivers' world championship title, he edged out his teammates Biasion and Alén by winning the season-ending RAC Rally. At the Autosport Awards, <mask> was presented the "International Rally Driver Award" for the second year running. Despite becoming the first driver to successfully defend the world title, Kankkunen's uneasy acceptance of team orders designed to benefit Biasion, the Italian star in an Italian car, pre-empted a move elsewhere for the 1988 season. 1988–89: <mask> chose to move back to Toyota Team

masks:
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Kankkunen
Toyota Kankkunen


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
 Europe. Although he finished fifth in his first event with the Toyota Supra Turbo at the Safari Rally, his title defense quickly proved unsuccessful.Toyota debuted the new Toyota Celica GT-Four ST165 at the Tour de Corse, but the car was suffering from reliability issues. <mask> retired due to engine problems in three consecutive rallies and did not add to his points tally, finishing only 37th in the drivers' standings. However, outside the World Rally Championship, he achieved much success. Returning to the wheel of a Peugeot 205 T16, he won the Dakar Rally on his first attempt after compatriot and teammate Ari Vatanen's 405 T16 was famously stolen while he was leading the event. <mask> also competed for Peugeot at the Pikes Peak International Hillclimb, finishing runner-up to again-teammate Vatanen, and at the first-ever Race of Champions, beating the 1985 world rally champion and former Peugeot teammate Timo Salonen in the final to become the first "Champion of Champions". The 1989 season saw an improved Toyota. <mask> gave the GT-Four its first victory in the Rally Australia and finished third at the Tour de Corse and at the RAC.His results placed him third in the drivers' championship, behind Lancia drivers Biasion and Alex Fiorio. Toyota took career-best second place in the manufacturers' standings. 1990–92: Lancia

By the time <mask> took the long-awaited win for Toyota, he had already signed a deal to reacquaint himself with Lancia for the 1990 season. Halfway through the season, <mask> found himself only fourth in the championship and Toyota in the lead with their new star driver Carlos Sainz. Although <mask> later repeated his win in Australia and collected his fifth podium of the season in Sanremo, Sainz went on to take a dominant title. <mask> placed third in the drivers' world championship, between his teammates Didier Auriol and the defending world champion Biasion. Lancia edged out Toyota to take a record fourth manufacturers' title in a row.In the 1991 season,

masks: Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
 <mask> won the Safari Rally, the Acropolis Rally, his home event 1000 Lakes Rally for the first time and the Rally Australia for the third year in a row. Before the season-ending RAC Rally, Toyota's Sainz led <mask> by one point in the championship. By winning the RAC ahead of Kenneth Eriksson and Sainz, <mask> became the first man to seal a third drivers' title since the World Rally Championship's 1973 inauguration. His 150 points during the season is still the record for most points in a single season. This was also the first time that two drivers took five wins during a WRC season. In the Race of Champions, <mask> became the second two-time winner after beating Auriol in the final. In 1992, <mask> placed on the podium in each of the nine WRC events that he participated in, but took his only win at the Rally Portugal.The title fight again went down to the wire. Before the final rally, Sainz led <mask> by two points and Auriol, who had taken a record six wins during the season, by three points. Sainz's victory in the RAC ahead of Ari Vatanen and Kankkunen, combined with Auriol's retirement, confirmed the title in favour of the Spaniard. 1993–96: Toyota

After Lancia withdrew from the WRC after the 1992 season, <mask> rejoined Toyota to drive the Toyota Celica GT-Four ST185 with which Sainz had defeated him last year. Despite having to fare from mid-season with two substitute co-drivers after <mask> Piironen suffered a brain hemorrhage, <mask> went on to take a record fourth drivers' title by winning five of his ten WRC events; the Safari Rally with Piironen, the Rally Argentina, the Rally Australia and the RAC Rally with his new co-driver Nicky Grist, and the 1000 Lakes Rally with Denis Giraudet due to Grist's pre-arrangement with Armin Schwarz. <mask>'s win at the RAC marked his career 20th in the series, breaking compatriot Markku Alén's record for most wins. <mask> and his third-placed teammate Didier Auriol brought Toyota the manufacturers' crown, the first for a

masks: Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Juha Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts: Japanese manufacturer.He also became only the second motorsportsman to be voted the Finnish Sportsman of the Year, after the 1982 F1 world champion Keke Rosberg. In 1994, <mask> started well with a runner-up spot in Monte Carlo and a win in Portugal. In the Safari Rally, he crashed out from the lead after hitting a pothole made by rain at 180 km/h (112 mph). At the season's half-way point, <mask> and Subaru's Sainz tied the lead in the championship, but a few poor results soon dropped him out of the title fight; in Argentina and Sanremo, he suffered from mechanical problems and in Finland, he won the opening stage but lost 20 minutes on stage two after rolling his car. He climbed back into the points by finishing ninth. Finishing behind Auriol and Sainz in the overall standings, <mask> had to watch a teammate take the title for the only time in his career. In 1995, with two more rallies to go, <mask>'s consistent performances during the season had kept him in the lead of the championship seven points ahead of Subaru's Colin McRae.At the penultimate round, the Rally Catalunya, he was leading by almost a minute over Sainz and McRae and seemed to be heading towards his first WRC victory on tarmac, as well as closing in on his fifth title. However, a pacenote mistake by either him or his co-driver Grist resulted in a crash and a retirement. After the event, Toyota were found guilty of the implementation of illegal turbo restrictor bypasses on their ST205 cars. The team was given a 12-month ban by the FIA. Toyota drivers <mask>, Auriol and Armin Schwarz were also stripped of all points in the championships. FIA president Max Mosley stated that "there is no suggestion the drivers were aware of what was going on." In the following year (1996 which also happened to be the end of Nicky Grist's pairing with Kankkunen as a favor to replace Colin McRae's co-driver Derek Ringer from 1997 to 2002), Kankkunen competed for private Toyota teams in three events and finished fourth in Sweden,


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
 third in Indonesia and second in Finland.1997–98: Ford

Halfway through the 1997 season, <mask> joined the Ford Motor Company factory team to replace a disappointing Armin Schwarz. Joining the M-Sport-run team too late to challenge for the title himself, <mask>'s role was to support Ford and his teammate Carlos Sainz in their title fights. He started well by leading his second event with the team, the Acropolis Rally in Greece, until having to drop behind Sainz due to a team order. <mask> went on to finish only seconds behind Sainz also in Indonesia and New Zealand. In his home rally in Finland, he lost the win to the defending world champion, Mitsubishi's Tommi Mäkinen, by only seven seconds. This is still the narrowest winning margin in the history of the event. A fourth runner-up spot followed in the season-ending RAC Rally, now ahead of the Spaniard who had by then lost the title to Mäkinen.<mask> stayed with Ford for the 1998 season with Belgian driver Bruno Thiry as his new teammate, after Sainz had opted to re-join Toyota. Ford was already moving resources into developing the new Ford Focus WRC and the team's last year with the Escort WRC was winless. <mask> drove the car on the podium on seven occasions, and both Ford and <mask> finished fourth in their respective championships. For the 1999 season, Ford signed the Subaru World Rally Team star Colin McRae and Kankkunen moved to replace him at Subaru. 1999–2000: Subaru
<mask>'s first year with the Subaru World Rally Team and the Subaru Impreza WRC led to victories in Argentina and Finland. In Argentina, he took his first win in over five years, overtaking teammate Richard Burns on the last stage to win by a mere 2.4 seconds. <mask> was prepared to accept a team order in the form of a deliberate 10-second time penalty, but with the TV cameras filming, Subaru team principal David Richards stated that there would be no team orders.In his home event, <mask> beat Burns to what would be his final victory in the WRC. Despite

masks: Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
 a one-two for Subaru again at the season-ending RAC, Subaru lost the manufacturers' crown to Toyota by four points. For the third year in a row, <mask> placed fourth in the drivers' championship, while Mäkinen equalled <mask>'s record of four titles. <mask>'s 2000 season was a disappointment. His best result was second in the Safari Rally behind Burns. With only two other podium finishes to his name, <mask> placed eighth in the drivers' standings. Later career

Subaru and <mask> did not reach a deal for 2001, and <mask> ended up competing in only one world rally during the season, the Rally Finland for the Hyundai factory team.He retired after his Accent WRC incurred several technical problems. For the 2002 season, Hyundai initially offered <mask> a full 14-event programme, which did not interest him, and the deal was modified to include only the nine gravel rallies. Despite a new evolution of the Accent WRC, Hyundai were unable to challenge the top teams: Peugeot, Ford and Subaru. <mask>'s fifth place in the Rally New Zealand was the team's best result of the season. However, <mask> and the team's full-time drivers Freddy Loix and Armin Schwarz did narrowly give Hyundai its career-best fourth place in the manufacturers' world championship. <mask> retired from the WRC after the season. Following his retirement, <mask> announced his intention to enter politics, echoing the career path of rallying compatriot Ari Vatanen.In 2004, he ran for the European Parliament as a candidate of the conservative National Coalition Party. While Vatanen was re-elected, <mask>'s 17,815 votes were not enough to gain a seat. <mask>, a "Flying Finn" himself, was one of the shareholders in the now-bankrupt Flying Finn airline, the first low cost airline in Finland. The company's first airplane was named after him. <mask>, along with former NHL star Jari Kurri, has also been a shareholder in a company that builds luxury real estate in Ruka, Finland. In early 2007, <mask> set a new world speed record

masks: Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen


title: Juha Kankkunen

texts:
 on ice in his privately owned Bentley Continental GT on the frozen Gulf of Bothnia near Oulu, Finland. He averaged  in both directions on the "flying kilometer", reaching a maximum speed of .Previously the record was  held by a Bugatti EB110 Supersport. The Bentley was largely standard except a rollcage, some aerodynamic improvements and low-temperature fuel and calibration. Tires were from Nokian Tyres with spikes. Technical support was provided by Nokian and Bentley Motors. Kankkunen bettered the record to 330.695 km/h (205.48 mph) in 2011, driving an E85-powered Bentley Continental Supersports convertible. Bentley will release a limited edition of the Supersports to celebrate the achievement. The 100 models will be the most powerful road cars Bentley has ever produced.It was announced on 23 July 2010 that <mask> would take part in the 2010 Rally Finland to mark the sixtieth jubilee of the event. He was joined by his long-time co-driver <mask> Repo driving a Ford Focus RS WRC 08 for the Stobart M-Sport Ford Rally Team. At just over 51 years old, <mask> finished an impressive 8th, beating many WRC regulars. Personal life
<mask> currently lives in Monaco but also spends time on his family farm in Laukaa, which includes a large country house and hundreds of hectares of land. He has a large car collection, which includes six Ferraris such as the F40 and the 288 GTO, as well as all the four rally cars with which he won the world championship.<mask> and his wife Pirjo filed for divorce in 2008. They have 2 sons named Tino and Niko. <mask>'s father Pekka (1934-2013) was also a former rally driver.WRC victories

Complete WRC results

References

External links

Juha Kankkunen Driving Academy
Kankkunen's profile at RallyBase
Kankkunen's profile at World Rally Archive

1959 births
Living people
Lancia people
People from Laukaa
Finnish rally drivers
World Rally Champions
World Rally Championship drivers
Off-road racing drivers
Dakar Rally drivers
Dakar Rally winning drivers
Finnish

masks: Kankkunen Juha Kankkunen Kankkunen Kankkunen Juha


title: Radhika Pandit

texts:
<mask> is an Indian film and former television actress. She has established a career in Kannada cinema as a leading actress. Having worked in television soaps such as Nandagokula, Kaadambari , and Sumangali, <mask> made her feature film debut in Moggina Manasu (2008), for which she was awarded the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress and South Filmfare Award for Best Actress. She won the latter award again for her performances in Love Guru (2009) and  Krishnan Love Story (2010). She rose to fame starring in commercially successful films Hudugaru (2011), Addhuri (2012), Drama (2012), Bahaddur (2014) and Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari (2014). Early life
<mask> was born in Bangalore Palace Nursing Home to a Goan mother and a Saraswat father, Krishna Pandit, who is a stage and film personality. They lived in the Malleswaram suburb of Bangalore.Pandit has a younger brother, Gourang. She grew up in her paternal grandfather's house in Malleswaram and continues to live there for "sentimental reasons" as he "had bought the house with all the money he had saved." She completed her schooling in Cluny Convent High School, Bengaluru, and later pursued a Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com.) course at the Mount Carmel College (Bangalore). <mask> <mask> aspired to become a teacher after completing a Master of Business Administration course. However, in 2007, during her final year in B.Com., she was persuaded by her friend to audition for a role in a Kannada language television serial, Nandagokula, directed by Ashok Kashyap. Pandit was offered the role without an audition.The same year, she appeared in another soap, Sumangali. When the former neared completion, her photos began circulating in local magazines, which were noticed by film director Shashank who was looking for a female lead for his film 18th Cross, and the makers of

masks:
Radhika Pandit
Pandit
Radhika Pandit
Radhika
Pandit


title: Radhika Pandit

texts:
 Moggina Manasu. She was cast in both films and began filming for the former first. Personal life
In a 2010 interview with The New Indian Express, she said that she, however, loves visiting the Chitrapur Math in Uttara Kannada, where she has her roots, as she "feel[s] good after spending some time" and "believe[s] there are positive vibrations there. Pandit met actor Yash for the first time at the sets of her tele-serial Nandagokula in 2007. They began dating after having worked together in films, but kept their relationship private for years and away from the attention of media, and got engaged in August 2016. [37] They got married in December in a private ceremony in Bangalore.[38] Their daughter was born on 2 December 2018. [39] Post-marriage, Pandit participated in the work of Yasho Marga Foundation, a foundation started by Yash that aims to "extend a helping hand" to "farmers and the labourers". [40][41] Their second child, a son, was born on 30 October 2019. Career

Debut, breakthrough and success (2008-2011)
<mask> faced the camera for the first time in films with the Kannada film 18th Cross in 2007. The film was temporarily stalled following its producer Chikkana's death, only to release theatrically in 2012. This was when she began filming with Moggina Manasu. She was cast as Chanchala, a college-going teenage girl, who with her three friends are faced with problems of ragging and irksome boyfriends.She was paired opposite Yash, who she had previously worked with, in the soap Nandagokula. Released in 2008, Moggina Manasu emerged as a critical success and <mask>'s performance received critical acclaim. The reviewer for Rediff.com wrote, "Newcomer <mask> <mask> shines among the four, and is bound to go places." She won the Karnataka State Film Award for Best Actress and Filmfare Award for Best

masks: Radhika Pandit Radhika Pandit


title: Radhika Pandit

texts: Actress. <mask>'s next role was in the Nagathihalli Chandrashekhar-directed romantic-drama Olave Jeevana Lekkachaara (2009), a film that deals with the deviousness of pseudo-intellectuals. She was cast as Rukmini opposite Balachandra (played by Srinagar Kitty), who cheats her under the influence of the misguidance of a pseudo-revolutionary lecturer. G. S. Kumar of The Times of India called her performance "classic and lively".Her second release of 2009 was Love Guru, a romantic-drama film dealing with unrequited love and misunderstandings in a corporate setting. She which she was cast as Kushi opposite Tarun Chandra in the film. Critics acclaimed her performance and called her "one of the best actresses to appear on the marquee in the recent times." G. S. Kumar wrote, "<mask> <mask> steals the show with her brilliant expressions, lively action and excellent dialogue delivery." She won her second Filmfare Award for Best Actress. In her first release of 2010, Krishnan Love Story, Pandit collaborated with the director Shashank for the second time after Moggina Manasu. It film saw her play the role of Geetha, a happy-go-lucky girl belonging to a lower-middle-class family, who, for want of money suppresses her ambitions.Shruti Indira Lakshminarayana of Rediff.com wrote of her performance, "<mask> does a detour from her glam city girl image, but it is hard to miss the sophistication in her. She however comes out with a good performance in the second half." With the film, <mask> won her third Filmfare Award for Best Actress along with other awards. In Gaana Bajaana, she portrayed Radha, who gets involved in a romantic love triangle with Krish and Kuttappa (played by Tarun Chandra and Dileep Raj). On her performance, Y. Maheswara Reddy of The New Indian Express wrote that she "walks away with all honours."

masks: Radhika Radhika Pandit Radhika Radhika


title: Radhika Pandit

texts:
 <mask> next appeared in a comedy-drama film, Hudugaru, a remake of the Tamil film, Naadodigal, in a brief role. She was cast as the only female lead alongside three parallel male lead characters.She played Gayathri, a foodie, the love interest of Prabhu (played by Puneeth Rajkumar). Her performance won her, her fourth Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination. Critical acclaim, further success and stardom (2012–2016)
The year 2012 saw theatrical releases of six of her films. In the first, Alemari, a drama film based on real-life incidents, she portrayed the role of Neeli, a girl from a middle-class family who falls in love with Mohan, a milkman (played by Yogesh). Of her performance, IBNLive wrote, "<mask> <mask> is as brilliant as ever with her plain Jane looks and high voltage performance in emotional sequences." In Breaking News, a film that deals with commercialization of the media industry, she played the role of Shraddha, the cheerful daughter of the Karnataka Lokayukta, who intends on fooling around with a journalist, played by Ajay Rao. The film opened to mixed reviews, however, <mask>'s performance received praise.Rediff.com wrote, "It is <mask> <mask>'s superb and light-hearted performance that livens up the proceedings." In her next release, Addhuri, a romance film, she was paired opposite debutant Dhruva Sarja. The film and Pandit's performance received positive reviews from critics. India Today wrote, "[Pandit] ... has once again proved why she is regarded as one of the awesome talents in the industry. She charms the young hearts, but at the same time can make the audience emotional with her performances." The performance fetched Pandit her fifth Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination among others. <mask>'s first film, 18th Cross released in August 2012, received mixed reviews;

masks: Pandit Radhika Pandit Pandit Radhika Pandit Pandit


title: Radhika Pandit

texts: however, critics praised her performance in the role of Punya, the love interest of Jeeva (played by Deepak), who gets wrongly implicated in a murder case, framed by an underworld don.The Times of India wrote of her performance, "<mask> <mask> hasn't changed much since her debut movie and has given an excellent performance." She was cast as Kajal in her next film, Sagar, opposite Prajwal Devaraj, alongside Haripriya and Sanjjanaa, a film that critics, a "commercial entertainer". Daily News and Analysis praised <mask>'s performance in the film and wrote that she "walks away with the honours." Her final release of 2012 was Yogaraj Bhat's Drama, a comedy film that featured an ensemble cast of Pandit alongside Yash, Sathish Ninasam and Sindhu Lokanath, the former three of whom play students of a government-owned degree college. The film and Pandit's performance as Nandini earned unanimous praise from critics. IBNLive wrote, "<mask> <mask> is superb as a performer and her beautiful looks and style have added a special charm to the film." She also co-sang a track, "Drama Hitavachana" in the film, which featured her rapping in parts.In Kaddipudi, <mask> was cast as Uma, a junior artiste in films, opposite Kaddipudi (played by Shiva Rajkumar), a former underworld don who tries to renounce a life of violence, but in vain. Her performance as a girl from a poor family having lost her parents and living with her grandmother, and playing the love interest of Kaddipudi was received well. Muralidhara Khajane of The Hindu wrote, "<mask> <mask> excels and puts in a mature performance and brings dignity to the character." In her second release of 2013, she was cast opposite Sumanth Shailendra in Dilwala, a romantic film that opened to largely negative reviews. <mask>'s performance was however praised by critics and she

masks: Radhika Pandit Pandit Radhika Pandit Pandit Radhika Pandit Pandit


title: Radhika Pandit

texts: received her second nomination of SIIMA Award of Best Actress. She next starred in the romance film, Bahaddur as Anjali, the love interest of Ashok (played by Druva Sarja), a descendant of a royal family. G. S. Kumar wrote that she "wins your heart with her brilliant expressions and dialogue delivery."Despite having received mixed reviews, the film turned out to be a commercial success. Santhosh Ananddram's Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari saw Pandit work with Yash for the third time. She was cast as the girlfriend of a stubborn brat, played by Yash, who idolizes actor Vishnuvardhan and has an easygoing attitude towards life. Kumar felt that Pandit delivered a "winsome performance". The film emerged as a massive commercial success. In her only release of 2015, the romance-thriller Endendigu, Pandit, paired opposite Ajay Rao for the third time, played the role of his wife with schizophrenic tendencies who foresees his death among other dreams. The film received mixed reviews, with her performance receiving praise.In the comedy Zoom, her first release of 2016, she played Nayana, an employee with an advertising agency who believes in doing her work with integrity and ethics. After an initial run-in, she falls for an employee of the rival agency. The film received mixed reviews from critics; Archana Nathan of The Hindu felt the film "was filled with crass double entendre jokes", and wrote that Pandit "can barely do much in the role she has been given." She was cast opposite Puneeth Rajkumar in Doddmane Hudga, a film centered around his character set in Hubli. Of <mask>'s role, A. Sharadhaa of The New Indian Express wrote that she "adds measured amounts of ludic spirit and her double shaded character is carried out with much flair. She making unintentional mistakes in speaking the local language is entertaining."


title: Radhika Pandit

texts:
 Later that year, she played Ananya in Santhu Straight Forward, pursuing a degree in architecture and compelled to commit to marry her cousin following a family tragedy.S. Viswanath of Deccan Herald felt that the film was "the film is watchable" only "due to the magnetic presence of <mask> Pandit" and added that "she lets her expressive eyes and silence eloquently speak about her distraught state." Thus with various role, she is counted among the most popular Kannada actress of all time and has won many accloades for her starring roles. Break from acting (2017-Present)
After her marriage with actor Yash, she took a break from acting to focus on her personal life. <mask> only appeared in the 2019 film Aadi Lakshmi Puraana, for which she received critical acclaim. Filmography

Films

Television

In the media
Pandit is considered[by whom?] one of the most versatile actresses in Kannada cinema. [42] In a 2015 Bangalore Times poll, she was voted as one of the most popular actresses in Kannada cinema.[43] In a 2016 poll conducted by Vijaya Karnataka, she was again voted the most popular actress. [44]

Between 2013 and 2014, <mask> and Puneeth Rajkumar worked as brand ambassadors for Right to education in Karnataka, having been chosen by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. [45] In addition to this, she has endorsed brands in the past such as KLF Nirmal Coconut oil and Orra Jewellery. [46] She was a part of Gillette's Shave India Movement. [47]

Awards and nominations

Footnotes

References

External links

Living people
Actresses from Bangalore
Indian film actresses
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Indian television actresses
Kannada people
People from Uttara Kannada
21st-century Indian actresses
Filmfare Awards South winners
Konkani people
Actresses in Kannada television
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mount Carmel

masks: Radhika Radhika Pandit


title: Heung Jin Moon

texts:
<mask> (; October 23, 1966 – January 2, 1984), also referred to by members of the Unification Church as <mask>m or posthumously as Lord <mask>m (), was the second son of church founders <mask> and Hak Ja Han. At the age of 17 he died in a vehicle accident in New York State. Three months later his parents conducted a spiritual wedding ceremony between him and Julia Pak, daughter of church leader, Bo Hi Pak. He is officially regarded by the Unification Church to be the "king of the spirits" in heaven (ranking higher than Jesus). After <mask>'s death, some church members claimed that they were channelling messages from his spirit. In a 1988 a church member from Zimbabwe, named Kundioni, claimed to be the incarnation of <mask>. His acts of violence against church members were a source of controversy within the church.<mask> is now believed by church members to be leading workshops in the spiritual world in which spirits of deceased persons are taught Unification Church teachings. Death at age 17
In December 1983, his car collided with a jackknifing tractor-trailer on an icy highway (State Route 9 in Hyde Park, New York) and he died on January 2. Unification Church leader Chung Hwan Kwak stated: "A truck lost control as it approached the car <mask> <mask>m was driving. <mask> <mask>m swerved the car to prevent the two friends who were with him from taking the brunt of the impact, and instead took it on himself." Spiritual marriage
<mask>'s death came before his planned arranged marriage to ballerina Julia Pak, daughter of <mask>'s interpreter, Bo Hi Pak. According to the tenets of Unificationism, only married couples may enter the highest level of heaven. His parents conducted a spiritual wedding ceremony three months later, February 20, 1984.Pak, who now uses the name <mask>, said: "I will never forget in my whole life and for eternity this great honor of being <mask> <mask>m's bride,

masks:
Heung Jin Moon
Heung Jin Ni
Heung Jin Ni
Sun Myung Moon
Moon
Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin Ni
Heung
Jin Ni
Moon
Moon
Julia Moon
Heung
Jin Ni


title: Heung Jin Moon

texts:
 which I do not deserve". Significance attributed to <mask> <mask>'s death
The Unification Church teaches that <mask> <mask>'s death had cosmic significance, and that he is now in a position in heaven higher than Jesus. Sun Myung <mask> explained that his son's death was a great victory as it saved his own life; that his assassination by leftist terrorists was foiled on the same day as the accident, "that his son's loss was a providential act allowed by God in order to protect [Sun Myung] <mask>'s calling", and that there was a karmic connection between the two events:

A week later Sun Myung <mask> taught that <mask> <mask> "had a new mission and was free to travel between his spirit world and our physical world". He also "proclaimed that <mask> <mask> became a leader to Jesus in the spirit realm". Longtime president of the Korean Unification Church Young Whi Kim wrote: "They all refer to <mask> <mask>m as the new Christ. They also call him the Youth-King of Heaven. He is the King of Heaven in the spirit world.Jesus is working with him and always accompanies him. Jesus himself says that <mask> <mask>m is the new Christ. He is the center of the spirit world now. This means he is in a higher position than Jesus." Sun Myung <mask>'s right-hand man Bo Hi Pak announced that <mask> <mask>'s sacrifice "carries far greater importance than the crucifixion of Jesus Christ". The "return" of the "spirit" of <mask> <mask>

Posthumous, widespread channeling of <mask>'s spirit by Unification Church members
After <mask>'s death, Unification Church members around the world spoke to small groups of members, saying that the messages they were conveying were from <mask> <mask>, being received by them spiritually (see Channelling (mediumistic)). Other members said they experienced automatic writing from him, or other kinds of spiritual communications from him.According to one report: "Often it was

masks:
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Moon
Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin
Heung
Jin Ni
Heung
Jin Ni
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon


title: Heung Jin Moon

texts:
 unlikely people who ['channelled' him], even people who were not that spiritual. There was a sister in Britain called Faith Jones who gave guidance from him. A Dutch brother called Gerrit van Dorsten, who had been on the New York City Tribune also did." Andrea Higashibaba, then state leader of the Unification Church of Tennessee, wrote a lengthy article in Today's World magazine detailing her encounters (in spirit) with <mask> <mask>, leading up to a "liberation ceremony" for deceased civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr. Soon many members around the world were "channeling Heung <mask> Nim." Typically these messages were ones of love and support. Black Heung Jin Nim

Black Heung Jin Nim (also known as "Second Self Heung Jin Nim" and Cleopas Kundioni)  refers to the alleged embodiment of the spirit of Heung <mask> in the body of a Zimbabwean member of the Unification Church named Kundioni.Kundioni's name was not known by most church members at the time, but he met with Sun Myung <mask> and members of the "True Family", who apparently accepted the "Black Heung Jin Nim" as a temporary union of the spirit of <mask> Jin <mask> with the mind and body of Kundioni. Sun Myung <mask> authorized the Black Heung Jin to travel the world, preaching and hearing the confessions of Unification Church members who had gone astray." Kundioni came under criticism by both members and outsiders for his violence and harsh methods, including a beating that resulted in the hospitalization of church leader Bo Hi Pak. Church members do not believe that the severe violence was committed by the spirit of <mask> <mask>. At a certain point after his world tour of Unification churches, Sun Myung <mask> said that Kundioni was no longer channeling <mask> <mask>, and sent him back to Africa. Viewpoints on channeling
Several views of the phenomenon have emerged. Members generally believed that the channeling was

masks:
Heung
Jin Moon
Jin
Jin Moon
Moon
Heung
Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon


title: Heung Jin Moon

texts:
 legitimate at first, pointing to the endorsement by Sun Myung <mask>.Some critics do not believe there ever was genuine channeling. Church members do not believe that the worst violence was committed by the spirit of <mask> <mask>:

In 1987, leaders of the Unification Church were told that <mask> <mask> had returned to earth in the body of a Zimbabwean member. The African was accepted by Sun Myung <mask> and church officials as <mask> <mask>'s continuous channel - a "twenty-four hour" a day "embodiment" - and became known as "the Black Heung Jin Nim." With Sun Myung <mask>'s approval he toured the world visiting Unification churches in a number of countries over several months, accompanied by church leaders and security guards. As channel for "Lord <mask> <mask> Nim" he was in a position of authority above that of all members, including top leaders apart from his parents Sun Myung <mask> and Hak Ja Han. Those members who confessed to certain sins received beatings; Damian Anderson (still a current Unification Church member) reports seeing him "knock people's heads together, hit them viciously with a baseball bat, smack them around the head, punch them, and handcuff them with golden handcuffs." Sun Myung <mask>'s right-hand man Bo Hi Pak received a beating that was potentially life-threatening and required hospitalization.Anderson was particularly upset that top church officials and their assistants prevented people by force from leaving. Church members believed that because the medium was a "twenty-four hour" "embodiment" or "returning resurrection" of <mask> <mask>'s spirit, and that "the Zimbabwean's body was merely the instrument of <mask> <mask>m's spirit", these were really the actions of <mask> <mask>; Larry Moffitt, a church media executive, wrote:

By January 1988, working at what one account described as "an incredible pace," <mask> <mask>m in his new form conducted four

masks:
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin
Moon
Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin Ni
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin Ni


title: Heung Jin Moon

texts:
 special three-day conferences in Africa, then successive conferences in Greece, Thailand, Columbia, Argentina, France, England, America and the Far East. ... <mask> <mask>m conducted three conferences in the U.S.: at the World Mission Center in Manhattan, at the Washington, D.C. church, and at a church workshop site in the San Francisco Bay Area. These were attended by approximately 800 members each. He also conducted a smaller session at the church's seminary at Barrytown, New York and several more private sessions. Most importantly, he met Rev. and Mrs.<mask> and appeared to gain their sanction. According to one description, he "ran over to Father and practically jumped into his arms, saying 'Father! Father!' Then he embraced Mother tightly, crying, 'Mother! Mother!' " At the beginning of the New York conference, Hyo <mask>m <mask>, Heung <mask>m's elder brother, spoke in tears, stating, "I have the most reason to be skeptical, but now I know it's my brother. Please receive him."These conferences and the accompanying worldwide tour consummated the Heung Jin Nim revival but also terminated it. By summer 1988, Rev. <mask> directed <mask> <mask>m's embodiment to return to Africa, an order that he disobeyed. At this point, there was a consensus that <mask> <mask>m's spirit had left the embodiment and an evil spirit had taken over. <mask> <mask>'s ongoing "work in the spirit world"
According to church teachings, <mask> <mask> continues to do important work for the benefit of humanity, as leader of the spiritual realm. At large retreat seminars in Korea where for years thousands of Unificationists came from all over the world to rid themselves of evil spirits, <mask> <mask> is said by the church to play an important role, as related by scholar of new religious movements Massimo Introvigne:

References

1966 births
1984 deaths
South Korean Unificationists
Mediumship
Road incident deaths

masks:
Heung
Jin Ni
Moon
Jin Ni
Moon
Jin Ni
Moon
Heung
Jin Ni
Heung
Jin Ni
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin Moon
Heung
Jin Moon


title: Arjun Bijlani

texts:
<mask> (born 31 October 1982) is an Indian television and film actor who predominantly works in Hindi television and reality shows. He is one of the most popular Indian Television actors. In 2021, he emerged as the winner of reality show Fear Factor: Khatron Ke Khiladi 11. <mask> made his television debut with Ekta Kapoor's production Kartika on Hungama TV. Subsequently, he proved himself as a strong leading star with his appearances in various well known shows like Left Right Left, Miley Jab Hum Tum, Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi, Naagin, Kavach, Pardes Mein Hai Mera Dil and Ishq Mein Marjawan. On the non-fictional front, he participated in Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa 9 and hosted first Dance Deewane 1 , Dance Deewane 2. <mask>'s first Bollywood film Direct Ishq was released in 2016, and he debuted into digital world in 2020 with web series State Of Seize on ZEE5.Early life
<mask> was born on 31 October 1982 in a Sindhi family in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. He did his schooling from Bombay Scottish School, Mahim and his college from H.R. College of Commerce and Economics. He also has a younger brother, Niranjan Bijlani and a sister, Rohini. At the age of nineteen, he lost his father Sudarshan <mask>. Personal life
<mask> married his longtime girlfriend, Neha Swami on 20 May 2013. On 21 January 2015, they became parents to a baby boy whom they named Ayaan <mask>.Career

<mask> started his television career in 2004 with Balaji Telefilms' youth-based television series Kartika opposite Jennifer Winget. He played the lead role of Ankush, Kartika's love interest. In 2005, <mask> appeared yet again in a youth television series Remix. He

masks:
Arjun Bijlani
Arjun
Arjun
Bijlani
Bijlani
Bijlani
Bijlani
Arjun
Bijlani