title: David Chang

texts:
 the Blue's Clues & You! episode "Welcome to Blue's Bistro" in the Mailtime segment. He hosted the documentary film series The Next Thing You Eat. Writing
In summer 2011, <mask> released the first issue of his Lucky Peach food magazine, a quarterly publication created with Peter Meehan and published by McSweeney's. The theme of Issue 1 was Ramen. Contributors included Anthony Bourdain, Wylie Dufresne, Ruth Reichl, and Harold McGee.The theme of Issue 2 is The Sweet Spot, and Issue 2 reached #3 on the New York Times bestsellers list. Contributors to Issue 2 include Anthony Bourdain, Harold McGee, Momofuku Milk Bar's Christina Tosi, Daniel Patterson and Russell Chatham. Issue 3: Chefs and Cooks, was released on March 13 and was also a New York Times bestseller. Each subsequent issue has continued to focus on a particular theme. Podcast
He has his own show on the Ringer podcast network (The <mask> Show). He also is a host on a spin off called The Recipe Club with guest host Chris Ying. Public persona
Epicurious described <mask> as having a "bad-boy attitude" for having no reservations or vegetarian options.<mask> created a controversy in 2009 by making dismissive remarks about California chefs, telling Anthony Bourdain "They don't manipulate food, they just put figs on a plate." <mask> serves on the Food Council at City Harvest and the Culinary Council at Food Bank for New York City, two hunger-relief organizations. He is also a member of the board of trustees at MOFAD, the Museum of Food and Drink in New York City. Publications

<mask>; Chris Ying; Peter Meehan (2011- May 2017). Lucky Peach. In September 2020, <mask> released his memoir, Eat a Peach, in which he talks about his difficult relationship with his father, his long-time struggles with depression and anger, and recent diagnosis of bipolar

masks:
David Chang
Dave Chang
Chang
Chang
David Chang
David Chang
Chang


title: Louis Prima

type: original

texts:
<mask> (December 7, 1910 – August 24, 1978) was an American singer, songwriter, bandleader, and trumpeter. While rooted in New Orleans jazz, swing music, and jump blues, <mask> touched on various genres throughout his career: he formed a seven-piece New Orleans-style jazz band in the late 1920s, fronted a swing combo in the 1930s and a big band group in the 1940s, helped to popularize jump blues in the late 1940s and early to mid 1950s, and performed frequently as a Vegas lounge act beginning in the 1950s. From the 1940s through the 1960s, his music further encompassed early R&B and rock 'n' roll, boogie-woogie, and Italian folk music, such as the tarantella. <mask> made prominent use of Italian music and language in his songs, blending elements of his Italian and Sicilian identity with jazz and swing music. At a time when ethnic musicians were discouraged from openly stressing their ethnicity, <mask>'s conspicuous embrace of his Sicilian ethnicity opened the doors for other Italian-American and ethnic American musicians to display their ethnic roots. <mask> is also known for providing the voice for the orangutan King Louie in the 1967 Disney film The Jungle Book. Early life
<mask> was from a musical Italian American family in New Orleans, Louisiana.His father, <mask>, was the son of Leonardo Di <mask>, a Sicilian immigrant from Salaparuta, while his mother, Angelina Caravella, had emigrated from Ustica as a baby. <mask> was the second child of four; his older brother, Leon, was born in 1907, while his sisters Elizabeth and Marguerite were younger. Marguerite died when she was three years old. Leon, <mask>, and Elizabeth were all

masks:
Louis Leo Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Louis Leo Prima
Anthony Prima
Prima
Prima
Louis


title: Louis Prima

texts: baptized at St. Ann's Parish. They lived in a house at 1812 St. Peter Street in New Orleans. <mask>'s mother was a music lover, and she made sure that each child played an instrument. <mask> was assigned the violin and started out playing at St. Ann's Parish.He became interested in jazz when he heard black musicians, including <mask>. Italian immigrants, Italian-Americans, and African-Americans in New Orleans at the time frequently socialized together in the same clubs and bars. Local clubs tailored to the ostracized Italian community, such as Matranga's, Joe Segrettas, Tonti's Social Club, and Lala's Big 25, were all Italian-American clubs owned and operated by Italians; African Americans were always welcomed in these clubs and often played music and fraternized with Italians and Italian-Americans. <mask>'s interest in jazz was sparked while frequenting these clubs and observing black and Italian jazz artists playing together. According to author Garry Boulard in his book <mask> Prima, <mask> paid attention to the music coming from clubs and watched his older brother Leon play the cornet. When Leon left the house to spend one summer in Texas, <mask> practiced continuously on his worn-down cornet. He formed a band in 1924 with his childhood friends "Candy" Candido (bass), Irving Fazola (clarinet) and Johnny Viviano (drums).<mask> attended Jesuit High School but transferred to Warren Easton High in the fall of 1926. At Warren Easton, he played with the "Eastonites", the school band. In 1927, he partnered with fellow musician Frank Federico and the pair played at "The Whip", a run-down French Quarter nightclub. By the spring of 1928,

masks:
Prima
Louis
Louis Armstrong
Prima
Louis
Prima
Prima
Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 <mask> decided he would become a professional musician. Career
After finishing high school in New Orleans, <mask> had a few unsuccessful gigs, including when he joined the Ellis Stratako Orchestra in 1929. <mask>, Federico and saxophonist Dave Winstein drove to Florida for a gig but no one showed up. They made it to a relative's house, where they were given money for gas and a meal.<mask> did not give up. He joined Joseph Cherniavsky's Orchestra in 1929 at Jefferson Parish. He got a temporary job playing on the steamship Capital that docked on Canal Street. Although the Capital did not provide him with a big break for his career, he did meet his first wife <mask>zi there. They married on June 25, 1929. From 1931 to 1932 <mask> occupied his time by performing in the Avalon Club owned by his brother Leon. His first break was when Lou Forbes hired him for daily afternoon and early evening shows at The Saenger.New York City
New York was an attraction for hungry musicians during the Great Depression. It posed numerous risks, but all of the best artists in the nation made it in New York if not anywhere else. Guy Lombardo met <mask> while he was performing at club Shim Sham during the Mardi Gras season of 1934. <mask>'s first gig in New York City was supposed to be at a club called Leon and Eddie's, located at 33 West 52nd street. Eddie Davis, one of the owners of the club, did not hire <mask> because he thought he was black. <mask> and his New Orleans Gang
In September 1934, <mask> began recording for the Brunswick label. He recorded "That's Where the South Begins", "Long About Midnight", "Jamaica Shout", and "Star Dust".<mask> and his

masks:
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Louise Poliz
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 New Orleans Gang  featured Frank Pinero playing piano, Jack Ryan bass, Garrett McAdams guitar, and Pee Wee Russell clarinet. The band had their first performance at a club called the Famous Door, owned and operated by Jack Colt. <mask>'s recordings from 1935 were a combination of Dixieland and swing. In May 1935, <mask> and Russell recorded "The Lady in Red", a national jukebox hit. They also recorded "Chinatown", "Chasing Shadows" and "Gypsy Tea Room". Martha Raye played a role in Prima's professional and personal life. She was a comedian with potential to become a singer.The two featured a show at the club that granted <mask> his first national debut on "The Fleischman Hour". In March 1936, <mask> recorded "Sing Sing Sing", which subsequently became a hit for Benny Goodman. California
<mask> moved to California to expand his music. During this time there was a movement for big bands and orchestras. <mask> hired <mask> on the string bass, a New Orleans native. He fired McAdams so that he could have Frank Federico, his childhood friend, play the guitar. With all of his success, his marriage back in New Orleans had already failed.He and <mask> were divorced in 1936, following infidelities going back at least to the French Quarter in 1933. A few months later, he was involved in a new fling with Alma Ross, an actress. <mask> and Ross were quite serious and after only a few months together he asked her to marry him while he started his tour out in the Midwest. The couple faced problems in Wisconsin and Chicago because they did not meet the marital requirements. Guy Lombardo helped them out by arranging a place in South Bend, Indiana.

masks:
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Louis Masinter
Louise
Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 They wed on July 25, 1936. The couple had a few problems; one of the worst was that <mask> denied much about his past.He never confessed to Alma that he had a daughter until she found out from a tax return. <mask> also pushed Ross into signing with Paramount in 1937. He continued to travel along the East Coast with his band. <mask> struggled to upgrade to big band style. It was not supported by his mentors in New York or Los Angeles. With the help of Guy Lombardo he traveled to Chicago to promote his new format at the Blackhawk in October 1936. The new format was unsuccessful.Reinvented in New York
In 1937, <mask> and his smaller gang (Federico, Masinter, Pinero, and Meyer Weinberg on clarinet) returned to the Famous Door in New York to perform. He also appeared at Billy Rose's Casa Mañana club in May 1938. He earned nearly a quarter million dollars throughout seven weeks at Casa Mañana. He was booked by William Morris Agency in late 1938, which sent him to Boston, New York, Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Miami Beach, New Orleans, and St. Louis. The band traveled by car, since it was the cheapest option. World War II
In 1939 <mask> was under contract to appear in black theatres in New York, Baltimore, Boston and Washington D.C. First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt attended his performance in Washington D.C., and formally invited him to President Franklin D. Roosevelt's birthday celebration. He appeared in photographs with the President, which ultimately boosted his publicity.Deemed unfit for military service in World War II because of a knee injury, <mask> continued performing. By the mid-1940s, <mask> was experiencing great

masks: Louis Prima Prima Prima Prima Prima Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 success. People were purchasing tickets early in the morning for shows later on that evening. Despite the anti-Italian sentiment during the war, <mask> continued to record Italian songs, the most famous being "Angelina", named after his mother. Others included "Please No Squeeza Da Banana", "Baciagaloop (Makes Love on the Stoop)", and "Felicia No Capicia." He performed the Italian songs at the Strand Theatre in New York. He brought in $440,000 in six weeks.In Detroit he could bring in about $38,000 for an afternoon performance. With all of this success, he decided to go back to Chicago to prove himself; he sold out the "Panther Room" in that city. <mask> had several big hits in the summer of 1945, including "My Dreams Are Getting Better All the Time" and "Bell-Bottom Trousers". As his career grew, however, his marriage with Alma simultaneously failed. They got a divorce when she discovered he had been cheating on her with another actress. Alma was supposed to receive $15,000 a year or 7.5% of his earnings. <mask> ignored the payments until they piled up to about $60,000, which forced him to write a settlement check of $45,000 plus $250 per week.Later he married his secretary, Tracelene Barrett. By the end of the war years, the popularity of big band music was diminishing, and by 1947 <mask> was playing more jazzy versions of his music. Under a new contract with RCA Victor, he recorded "Civilization"; "You Can’t Tell the Depth of the Well"; "Say it with a Slap"; "Valencia"; "My Flame Went Out Last Night"; "Thousand Islands"; "Mean To Me"; and "Tutti Tutti Pizzicato". In 1948 <mask> and Barrett had a baby girl. Personality
Fans knew

masks: Prima Prima Prima Prima Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 <mask> as a genial and patient celebrity: he always signed autographs or posed for pictures with a smile. To the record companies and big corporations, however, <mask> showed little deference, and he was uncompromising in seeking maximum compensation for his work. Warner Brothers offered him $60,000 to be in a movie based on the life of Helen Morgan, but he rejected it; when the studio increased the offer to $75,000, it was still not enough.<mask> wanted $100,000 and creative control of his role, which was rejected by Warner Brothers. He had protracted disputes with the Strand Theatre in New York City and Majestic Records, and he flatly refused to allow a former songwriter to advertise herself as "formerly featured with <mask>'s orchestra". <mask> had expensive tastes: he shopped at luxury clothing stores and always wore top-brand suits. He spent great sums on horse racing and his own private stable of horses. He said he enjoyed gambling because it relaxed him; riding was another one of the things that relaxed him the most outside of his busy performing life. He knew each of his horses well and read about training. Another hobby was boating.He purchased a boat for his third wife Tracelene Barrett for their honeymoon on the Hudson River. Keely Smith
Keely Smith was twenty when she met <mask> in August 1948. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, she made a point to stop by the Surf Club in Virginia Beach to visit him. To her surprise, <mask> was looking for a new female vocalist to replace Lily Ann Carol. Smith was wearing a bathing suit and was not allowed into the club until she put on proper attire. Luckily, someone was able to lend her some

masks:
Prima
Prima
Prima
Louis Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 acceptable clothing and she auditioned. She landed the part and was soon traveling with his band.<mask> signed with Columbia Records in the fall of 1951 to keep up with the rapid changes in the marketing industry. Throughout his sixteen-month contract, his top hits consisted of "Chop Suey, Chow Mein", "Ooh-Dahdily-Dah", and "Chili Sauce". To support his horses and manage his expenses, he chose to drop his big band and play in lesser clubs. On top of it all, he divorced his third wife Tracelene on June 18, 1953. Less than a month later he married Keely. She was open to criticism, and he wanted to make her a star. He tried to find the style that fit her correctly, especially since rock and roll was emerging.<mask> was not against rock 'n' roll like some other artists, such as Frank Sinatra and Jackie Gleason. He accepted that "the kids had an instinct for the kind of music that's fun to listen to and dance to." A new act
In 1954 <mask> was offered a stay at The Sahara in Las Vegas to open his new act with Keely Smith. He enlisted New Orleans saxophonist Sam Butera and his backing musicians, "The Witnesses". The act was a hit, and ultimately led <mask> to sign with Capitol Records in 1955. The act performed regularly in Las Vegas for the rest of the decade. He released his first album with Capitol Records, The Wildest!, in September 1956.Some of the popular songs include his medley of "Just a Gigolo" and "I Ain't Got Nobody". In 1957, the couple released The Call of the Wildest. Keely worked with other artists to release the album I Wish You Love, and received a Grammy for it in 1958. She earned  Billboard and Variety’s number one

masks: Prima Prima Prima Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts: female vocalist award in 1958–59, and the Playboy Jazz Award in 1959. The duo also redid "That Old Black Magic", which was a Top 40 hit for two months. It earned the duo a Grammy. The couple also had two daughters together, one of whom, Toni, became an actress and singer in her own right.<mask> decided to relocate his acts to the Desert Inn because he would take in $3 million for producing twelve weeks' worth of acts a year for five years. <mask> signed with Dot Records in 1959 and produced eight albums, headlined by Wonderland By Night and On Stage in 1961. The couple was constantly performing and it affected their marriage. An attempted vacation boating down the Atlantic coast ended up grounded in the Intracoastal Waterway until rescued by the Coast Guard. In January 1961, <mask> was invited by Frank Sinatra to perform at the inaugural gala for President John F. Kennedy; the two played "Old Black Magic" together. The constant performances and <mask>'s infidelities were too much for Smith. After finishing up their contract at the Desert Inn, she filed for divorce at the Eighth Judicial Circuit Court of Nevada in Las Vegas.After Keely was out of his life and his performances, <mask> tried to prove that he did not need her. In the New York Post, there was a suggestion that Keely should rejoin for an act in New York's Basin Street East nightclub. <mask> said, "I have no desire whatsoever to have any dealings with Keely Smith under any conditions…There is nothing in the world or no one that could ever make me accept this woman in our act." <mask>'s father died in 1961, the same year as the divorce from Keely. His mother died in the

masks: Prima Prima Prima Prima Prima Prima Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 winter of 1965. In 1962, he tried to form his own recording company called "Prima One Records". He filled Keely's spot with Gia Maione, a waitress who was 21 years old.He did his best to make her famous by producing her first album "This Is … Gia." It was funded entirely by him, and it was unsuccessful. They married and had a daughter, Lena, later  a New Orleans-based singer and recording artist with Basin Street Records, and his only son, <mask> Jr., the last of his six children. He was also in the middle of making appearances in Las Vegas and promoting the film Twist All Night. In 1967, <mask> landed a role in Walt Disney's animated feature The Jungle Book, as the raucous orangutan King Louie. He performed the hit song "I Wan'na Be like You" on the soundtrack, leading to the recording of two albums with Phil Harris: The Jungle Book and More Jungle Book, and covering MC duties and singing the theme song "Winnie the Pooh", for the 1967 album entitled Happy Birthday Winnie the Pooh, all of these on Disneyland Records. He can be heard on the soundtrack of another cartoon feature, The Man Called Flintstone.One of <mask>'s final television appearances was as a "mystery guest"  on What's My Line? in 1970. Personal life

<mask> was married to:

Among his children are musical performers <mask> and <mask> Jr., both born to Maione. <mask> suffered a heart attack in 1973. Two years later, following headaches and episodes of memory loss, he sought medical attention, and was diagnosed with a brain stem tumor. He suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and went into a coma following surgery. He never recovered, and died three years later, in

masks:
Louis Prima
Prima
Prima
Prima
Lena Prima
Louis Prima
Prima


title: Louis Prima

texts:
 1978, having been moved back to New Orleans.He was buried in Metairie Cemetery in a gray marble crypt topped by a figure of Gabriel, the trumpeter-angel, sculpted in 1997 by Russian-born sculptor Alexei Kazantsev. The inscription on the crypt's door quotes the lyrics from one of his hits: "When the end comes, I know, they'll say, 'just a gigolo' as life goes on without me…"

<mask>'s expected visit to a small Italian restaurant drives the plot of the critically acclaimed 1996 film Big Night. On July 25, 2010 – the centenary year of his birth <mask> received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2018, <mask>'s 1936 single "What Will Santa Claus Say (When He Finds Everybody Swingin’)" was sampled by Kids See Ghosts on the song "4th Dimension", which appeared on their album Kids See Ghosts. <mask>'s New Orleans-based daughter, <mask>, performs throughout the nation. His son, <mask> Jr. leads his own band, performing music composed and played by his father and popular music of many genres. Filmography

Discography

Albums
 <mask> Plays for the People (Mercury, 1953)
 The Wildest!(Capitol, 1956)
 The Call of the Wildest (Capitol, 1957)
 <mask> with Orchestra (Rondo-Lette, 1957)
 Breaking It Up! (Columbia CL 1206, recordings from 1951 to 1953, but released in 1958)
 Hi-Fi Lootin'  with Joe Venuti (Design, 1958)
 Entertains (Rondo-Lette, 1959)
 Strictly Prima! (Capitol, 1959)
 Pretty Music Prima Style Volume 1 (Dot, 1960)
 Wonderland by Night: Pretty Music Prima Style, Vol. 2 (Dot, 1960)
 Blue Moon (Dot, 1961)
 Doin' the Twist with <mask> (Dot, 1961)
 The Wildest Comes Home (Capitol, 1962)
 Lake Tahoe Prima Style (Capitol, 1962)

masks:
Legacy Prima
– Prima
Prima
Prima
Lena Prima
Louis Prima
Louis Prima
Louis Prima
Louis Prima


title: Eurico Carrapatoso

texts:
<mask>mIH (born February 15, 1962, in Mirandela) is a Portuguese composer. Awards and honors
2021 - DASCH - Schostakovich Ensemble Prize, with his Pour la fin, pour mon Commencement, for clarinet, violin, cello and piano

2021 - Alumni-Salamanca University Jesús García Bernalt Prize, with his Quando, for mixed choir a cappella

2017 - Performing Rights Society SPA Prize Prémio Autores 2017

2011 - Tree of Life Prize

2006 - UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers, Paris, with his O meu poemário infantil for tenor and orchestra

2004 - Decorated by the President of Portuguese Republic with Commendation of the Order of the Infante Dom Henrique

2001 - National Identity Prize

1999 - Francisco de Lacerda Composition Prize

1999 - UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers, Paris, with his Sorrow on the death of Jorge Peixinho for large orchestra

1998 - UNESCO International Rostrum of Composers, Paris, with his Cinco melodias em forma de Montemel for soprano, horn and piano

1998 - Lopes-Graça Prize from the City of Tomar

Main works

STAGE WORKS

Peer, you're lying! 2001

incidental music for the Ibsen's play Peer Gynt

Opus:


title: Giorgio Bassani

texts:
<mask> (4 March 1916 – 13 April 2000) was an Italian novelist, poet, essayist, editor, and international intellectual. Biography
<mask> was born in Bologna into a prosperous Jewish family of Ferrara, where he spent his childhood with his mother Dora, father Enrico (a doctor), brother Paolo, and sister Jenny. In 1934 he completed his studies at his secondary school, the liceo classico L. Ariosto in Ferrara. Music had been his first great passion and he considered a career as a pianist; however literature soon became the focus of his artistic interests. In 1935 he enrolled in the Faculty of Letters of the University of Bologna. Commuting to lectures by train (third class) from Ferrara, he studied under the art historian Roberto Longhi. His ideal of the "free intellectual" was the liberal historian and philosopher Benedetto Croce.Despite the anti-Semitic race laws which were introduced from 1938, he was able to graduate in 1939, writing a thesis on the nineteenth-century writer, journalist, radical and lexicographer Niccolò Tommaseo. As a Jew in 1939, however, work opportunities were now limited and he became a schoolteacher in the Jewish School of Ferrara in via Vignatagliata. In 1940 his first book, Una città di pianura ("A City of the Plain"), was published under the pseudonym "Giacomo Marchi" in order to evade the race laws. During this period, along with friends he had made in Ferrara's intellectual circle, he became a clandestine political activist. His activity in the anti-fascist resistance led to his arrest in May 1943; he was released on 26 July, the day after Benito Mussolini was ousted from power. A little over a week later he married Valeria Sinigallia, whom

masks:
Giorgio Bassani
Bassani


title: Giorgio Bassani

texts: he had met playing tennis. They moved to Florence for a brief period, living under assumed names, then at the end of the year, to Rome, where he would spend the rest of his life.His first volume of poems, Storie dei poveri amanti e altri versi, appeared in 1944; a second, Te lucis ante, followed in 1947. He edited the literary review Botteghe oscure for Princess Marguerite Caetani from its founding in 1948 until it ceased publication in 1960. In 1953 La passeggiata prima di cena appeared and in 1954 Gli ultimi anni di Clelia Trotti. In the same year he became editor of Paragone, a journal founded by Longhi and his wife Anna Banti. <mask>'s writings reached a wider audience in 1956 with the publication of the Premio Strega-winning book of short stories, Cinque storie ferraresi (the five stories are Lida Mantovani, La passeggiata prima di cena, Una lapide in via Mazzini, Gli ultimi anni di Clelia Trotti, and Una notte del '43). As an editorial director of Feltrinelli <mask> was responsible for the posthumous publication in 1958 of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa's Il Gattopardo, a novel which had been rejected by Elio Vittorini at Mondadori, and Einaudi. It became one of the great successes of post-war Italian literature.<mask>'s enthusiastic editing of the text, following instructions from  (daughter of Benedetto) who had offered him the manuscript, later became controversial, however; recent editions have been published which follow the manuscript more closely. Also in 1958 <mask>'s novel Gli occhiali d'oro (made into a film in 1987) was published, an examination, in part, of the marginalisation of Jews and homosexuals. Together with stories from Cinque storie ferraresi

masks: Bassani Bassani Bassani Bassani


title: Giorgio Bassani

texts:
 (reworked and under the new title Dentro le mura (1973)) it was to form part of a series of works known collectively as Il romanzo di Ferrara, which explored the city, with its Christian and Jewish elements, its perspectives and its landscapes. The series includes: Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini (The Garden of the Finzi-Continis) (1962, Premio Viareggio prizewinner); Dietro la porta (1964); L'airone (1968) and L'odore del fieno (1972). These works realistically document the Italian Jewish community under Fascism in a style that manifests the difficulties of searching for truth in the meanderings of memory and moral conscience. In 1960 one of his short stories (Una notte del '43, from Cinque storie ferraresi) was adapted as the film Long Night in 1943. A stage adaptation of The Garden of the Finzi-Continis by opera composer Ricky Ian Gordon is set to premiere in January 2022.It is a co-production of National Yiddish Theatre Folksbiene and the New York City Opera. From 1965 to 1980, <mask> was the president of the organization Italia Nostra. <mask> died in 2000 and was buried in the Jewish Cemetery in Ferrara. He was survived by his estranged wife Valeria and their two children Paola (born 1945-09-01) and Enrico (born 1949-06-29). He had been with his companion Portia Prebys, since shortly after they met in 1977. <mask> received the , the Strega, the Campiello, the Viareggio and the Nelly Sachs prizes. He collaborated on several screen plays.Publications
Within the Walls (Dentro le mura) – 1956
The Gold-rimmed Spectacles (Gli occhiali d'oro) – 1958
A Prospect of Ferrara (Cinque storie ferraresi) – 1962
The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (Il giardino dei Finzi-Contini) –

masks:
Giorgio Bassani
Bassani
Bassani


title: Giorgio Bassani

texts:
 1962
The Heron (L'airone) – 1970
Five Stories of Ferrara (Cinque storie ferraresi) – 1971
The Smell of Hay (L'odore del fieno) – 1972
Behind the Door (Dietro la porta) – 1972
Il romanzo di Ferrara (1974; revised 1980). The Novel of Ferrara, trans. Jamie McKendrick (2018)
Rolls Royce and Other Poems (extracts from Epitaffio and In gran segreto) – 1982

Film adaptations
 Long Night in 1943
 The Garden of the Finzi-Continis
 The Gold Rimmed Glasses

References

Bibliography
 Guia Risari, The Document within the Walls. The Romance of Bassani, Troubador Publishing, Leics, I. ed. 1999, II ed. 2004,
 Alessandro Giardino, <mask>. Percorsi dello sguardo nelle arti visive,Fernandel, 2011 <mask> Editore, 2013
 Paola Polito, L'officina dell'ineffabile.Ripetizione, memoria e non detto in <mask>, <mask> Editore, 2014
 <mask>, Lezioni americane di <mask>, a cura di Valerio Cappozzo, Ravenna, <mask> Editore, 2016
 www.italialibri.net :: Il romanzo di Ferrara – Bassani
 Poscritto a <mask>. Saggi in Memoria del Decimo Anniversario della Morte [Postscriptum: Critical Essays on <mask> in Memory of the Tenth Anniversary of his Death], R. Antognini e R. Diaconescu Blumenfeld (edd. ), LED Edizioni Universitarie, Milano 2012,

External links

 Jonathan Keates, 2000, <mask>, obituary for The Guardian
 cronologia.leonardo.it :: <mask>

1916 births
2000 deaths
Italian male poets
Jewish poets
20th-century Italian male writers
20th-century Italian Jews
Italian resistance movement members
Writers from Ferrara
Writers from Bologna
Strega Prize winners
Viareggio Prize winners
20th-century Italian novelists
20th-century Italian poets
Italian male novelists
Premio Campiello winners
Jewish Italian

masks:
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Pozzi
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Pozzi
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Pozzi
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani
Giorgio Bassani


title: Bruce Hayes (swimmer)

texts:
<mask> (born March 8, 1963) is an American former competition swimmer best known for anchoring the U.S. men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay team that won the gold medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Born in Sarasota, Florida, and raised in San Antonio, <mask> was an outstanding Texas age-group swimmer, setting numerous TAGS records. He capped a successful high school career at Highland Park High School under Coach Mike Sorrells, winning a state championship in the 200-yard individual medley and 100-yard backstroke. <mask>' success as a Texas age group and high school swimmer earned him a full scholarship to University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Swimming for coach Ron Ballatore's UCLA Bruins swimming and diving team, he was the highest scoring freshman at the 1982 NCAA Men's Swimming and Diving Championships, helping the Bruins win the national team championship. On April 13, 2012, <mask> was inducted into the Texas Swimming and Diving Hall of Fame. International career

<mask> represented the United States in several international swimming meets.He qualified in the 400-meter and 1500-meter freestyle events for the U.S. national team that won a 1981 dual meet against the Soviet Union in Kiev, Ukraine. At the 1982 FINA World Championships in Guayaquil, Ecuador, he was a finalist in the 400-meter individual medley and also contested the 400-meter and 1,500-meter freestyle events. <mask>' first national and international titles came in 1983. He won seven medals at the 1983 World University Games in Edmonton – the most by any American swimmer – and his win in the 200-meter freestyle was the only U.S. gold. His UCLA coach Ron Ballatore was quoted in Sports Illustrated about <mask>' Edmonton performance, saying, "<mask> can come home better than anyone I've ever seen." A few weeks later he won the 200-meter freestyle at the 1983 summer United States Swimming Championships. At the 1983 Pan American Games in

masks:
Lawrence Bruce Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes
Hayes


title: Bruce Hayes (swimmer)

texts: Caracas, Venezuela, <mask> won three gold medals in the 200-meter and 400-meter freestyle races and in the 4×200-meter freestyle relay.He also collected three gold medals at the 1983 Descente International Invitational Swim Meet in Tokyo in the same three events. <mask> won the 400-meter freestyle race at the 1984 winter United States Swimming Championships for his second national title. He finished third in the 200-meter freestyle at the 1984 United States Olympic Swimming Trials, qualifying him for a place on the U.S. team in the men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay in Los Angeles. In an event unaffected by the Soviet-led boycott, the Americans would battle a talented West German relay team including the 200-meter freestyle world record holder, Michael Gross. The U.S. coaches decided to capitalize on <mask>' finishing ability by having him take the final leg behind teammates Mike Heath, David Larson and Jeff Float. However <mask> knew that because his best 200m freestyle time was three seconds slower than Gross', he would need a three-second lead upon starting the relay to guarantee a win. With the U.S. ahead by one-and-a-half seconds after the third leg, Gross pulled even with <mask> after the first turn and was slightly ahead after the third.Yet, despite Gross' swimming the fastest 200-meter relay split to date, <mask>' closing strength resulted in a best personal time by more than a second, including the fastest final fifty meters ever. <mask> out-touched Gross by four one-hundredths (0.04) of a second, with the U.S. setting a world record 7:15.69. The Los Angeles media dubbed <mask>' team the "Grossbusters." Among their many media appearances was a Vanity Fair magazine cover with Raquel Welch. Capping the year, the U.S. men's 4×200-meter freestyle relay team won the 1984 Phillips Performance Award. <mask> appears in Bud Greenspan's documentary of the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games, 16 Days of Glory, in the segment about

masks: Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes Hayes


title: Bruce Hayes (swimmer)

texts:
 the race. Changing course

<mask> captured one more national title before retiring when he won the 200-meter freestyle at the 1984 summer United States Swimming Championships, held after the Olympics.He subsequently earned a master's degree in journalism at Northwestern University in Chicago and then moved to New York City to begin a professional career in public relations. He joined Team New York Aquatics in 1990 and began competing again, this time in Masters swimming events. He became the first Olympic gold medalist to compete at the Gay Games when he swam at Gay Games III in Vancouver in August 1990. He came out publicly while competing and has gone on to organize Gay Games events. "When you're famous and you come out, all of a sudden, the gay community wants to embrace you. You become a role model, and I felt there was a lot I could do on behalf of the Games. The media would listen to me because I have the credibility of being an Olympic gold-medal winner, the kind of leeway to say the Gay Games are serious competition."In 1992, <mask> became the first American Olympic gold medalist to declare his homosexuality publicly when he was profiled by Dick Schaap for ABC's World News Tonight regarding the challenges of being gay in the sports community. He became a spokesperson for the Gay Games IV in New York City in 1994. At Gay Games IV, his swimming success continued – he set five 25-meter short course Masters world records in the 30–34 age group, including becoming the first Masters swimmer to break 4:00 in the 400-meter freestyle. He was included in Out magazine's 1994 list of the 100 most influential gays and lesbians in America. <mask> worked for the Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games as the Assistant Competition Manager for Swimming at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta. During his time in Atlanta, he co-founded the Atlanta Rainbow Trout Masters swimming team. He resumed his public relations career at Edelman in

masks: Hayes Hayes Hayes


title: Bruce Hayes (swimmer)

texts:
 New York following the Atlanta Olympics and later worked for two years in Edelman's Madrid office.In 2002, <mask> became a charter member of the Gay Games Ambassadors. He attended the Gay Games' 25th anniversary celebration in San Francisco in 2007 and presented the Federation of Gay Games' inaugural Media Award. <mask> swam again at the 2010 Gay Games VIII in Cologne, Germany, winning a bronze in the 1,500-meter freestyle (age 45–49) behind Aaron Murphy (Great Britain) and Jonathan Haines (Australia). See also

 List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
 List of University of California, Los Angeles people
 World record progression 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay

References

Bibliography

 De George, Matthew,  Pooling Talent: Swimming's Greatest Teams, Rowman & Littlefield, Lanham, Maryland (2014).  . External links

databaseOlympics
Gay Games Profile
Past USA Swimming Champions
International Swimming Medalists
The U.S. Was Out Of Its Class, Kenny Moore, Sports Illustrated, July 18, 1983
USA Swimming – The Perfect Race: 1984 Olympic Men’s 800m Free Relay

1963 births
American male freestyle swimmers
American male medley swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Gay sportsmen
LGBT people from Florida
LGBT people from Texas
LGBT sportspeople from the United States
LGBT swimmers
Living people
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Pan American Games gold medalists for the United States
Sportspeople from Sarasota, Florida
Sportspeople from San Antonio
Swimmers at the 1983 Pan American Games
Swimmers at the 1984 Summer Olympics
UCLA Bruins men's swimmers
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games medalists in swimming
Universiade medalists in swimming
Universiade gold medalists for the United States
Universiade silver medalists for the United States
Universiade bronze medalists for the United States
Medalists at the 1983 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1983 Pan American Games
21st-century

masks: Hayes Hayes


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts:
<mask>, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, 1st Earl of Waterford, 7th Baron Talbot, KG (c. 138717 July 1453), known as "Old Talbot", was an English nobleman and a noted military commander during the Hundred Years' War. He was the most renowned in England and most feared in France of the English captains in the last stages of the conflict. Known as a tough, cruel, and quarrelsome man, Talbot distinguished himself militarily in a time of decline for the English. Called the "English Achilles" and the "Terror of the French", he is lavishly praised in the plays of Shakespeare. The manner of his death, leading a charge against artillery, has come to symbolize the passing of the age of chivalry. He also held the subsidiary titles of 10th Baron Strange of Blackmere and 6th Baron Furnivall jure uxoris. Origins
He was descended from Richard Talbot, the son of William "Le Sire" Talbot, whose estate (wife and infant son Hugh) was a tenant in 1086 of Walter Giffard at Woburn and Battlesden in Bedfordshire.The Talbot Family descends from William Hiemois, the illegitimate son of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. William's son Hugh, Bishop of Lisieux, was the father of William "Le Sire" Talbot (1046-1066). The Talbots were cousins of William "The Conqueror", King of England, and also the Giffard family. It is incorrect to suggest that the Talbot family were vassals of the Giffards in Normandy. Hugh Talbot, Richard's son, made a grant to Beaubec Abbey, confirmed by his son Richard Talbot in 1153. This Richard (died 1175) is listed in 1166 as holding three fees of the Honour of Giffard in Buckinghamshire. He also held a fee at Linton in Herefordshire, for which his son Gilbert Talbot (died 1231) obtained a fresh charter in 1190.Gilbert's grandson Gilbert (died 1274) married Gwenlynn Mechyll, daughter and


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts: sole heiress of the Welsh Prince Rhys Mechyll, whose armorials the Talbots thenceforth assumed in lieu of their own former arms. Their son Sir Richard Talbot, who signed the Barons' Letter of 1301, held the manor of Eccleswall in Herefordshire in right of his wife Sarah, sister of William de Beauchamp, 9th Earl of Warwick. In 1331 Richard's son Gilbert Talbot (1276–1346) was summoned to Parliament, which is considered evidence of his baronial status – see Baron Talbot. Gilbert's son Richard married Elizabeth Comyn, bringing with her the inheritance of Goodrich Castle. <mask> was born in about 1384 or more likely around 1387, the second son of Richard Talbot, 4th Baron Talbot of Goodrich Castle, by Ankaret, daughter and sole heiress of the 4th Baron Strange of Blackmere. His birthplace was Black Mere Castle (the caput of his mother's estates) near Whitchurch, Shropshire, which is now a scheduled monument listed as Blakemere Moat, site of the demolished fortified manor house. His younger brother Richard became Archbishop of Dublin and Lord Chancellor of Ireland: he was one of the most influential Irish statesmen of his time, and his brother's most loyal supporter during his often troubled years in Ireland.<mask> also had an elder brother, Gilbert (born 1383), who was heir to their parents' baronies of Talbot and Strange. His father died in 1396 when Talbot was around nine years old, and so it was Ankaret's second husband, Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, who became the major influence in his early life. The marriage (1401) also gave the opportunity of a title for her second son, as Neville had no sons, with the title Baron Furnivall going through his eldest daughter Maud (Talbot's stepsister), who would become <mask>'s first wife. Their marriage resulted in <mask>

masks:
John Talbot
John
John
John


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts:
 styling himself as <mask>, 6th Baron Furnivall. Marriages and issue
Talbot was married before 12 March 1407 to Maud Neville, 6th Baroness Furnivall, daughter and heiress of his stepfather Thomas Neville, 5th Baron Furnivall, the son of <mask>, 3rd Baron Neville de Raby. The couple are thought to have had six children:
<mask>, 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (c. 141310 July 1460)
Thomas Talbot (19 June 1416, Finglas, Ireland10 August 1416)
Lady Katherine Talbot (c. 1418c. 1500) married Sir Nicholas Eyton (c. 1405c.1450), Sheriff of Shropshire 1440 & 1449. Sir Christopher Talbot (141910 August 1443)
Lady Joan Talbot (c. 1422), married James Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley
Lady Ann Talbot, married <mask>, of Abbot's Salford. By the death of his niece in 1421 he acquired the Baronies of Talbot and Strange. His first wife, Maud, died on 31 May 1422. It has been suggested that she died as an indirect result of giving birth to her daughter Joan, although there is a lack of evidence about Joan's life before her marriage to Lord Berkeley. There is even a theory that she was actually Talbot's daughter-in-law through marriage to Sir Christopher Talbot. On 6 September 1425, in the chapel at Warwick Castle, he married Lady Margaret Beauchamp, eldest daughter of Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick and Elizabeth de Berkeley.They had five children:
<mask>, 1st Baron Lisle and 1st Viscount Lisle, who was killed along with his father at Castillon on 17 July 1453. Sir Louis Talbot (c. 14291458) of Penyard
Sir Humphrey Talbot (before 14341492, Mount Sinai), marshal of Calais. Married Mary, daughter and co-heiress of <mask>un, no issue. Died probably at Saint Catherine's Monastery. Lady Eleanor Talbot (c. February/March 143630 June 1468) married to Sir Thomas Butler, and mistress to King Edward

masks:
John Talbot
John Neville
John Talbot
John Bottreaux
John Talbot
John Champerno


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts:
 IV. Lady Elizabeth Talbot (c. December 1442/January 14436 November 1506/10 May 1507). She married <mask> Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk.Talbot is known to have had at least one illegitimate child, Henry. He may have served in France with his father as it is known that a bastard son of the Earl of Shrewsbury was captured by the Dauphin Louis on 14 August 1443. Early career and service in Ireland
From 1404 to 1413 he served with his elder brother Gilbert in the Welsh revolt or the rebellion of Owain Glyndŵr. Meanwhile, he was summoned to Parliament in his wife's right from 1409. Then for five years from February 1414 he was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, where he did some fighting. He had a dispute with James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond and Reginald Grey, 3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn over the inheritance for the honour of Wexford which he held. Complaints were made against him both for his harsh government in Ireland and for acts of violence in Herefordshire, where he was a friend of the Lollard Sir <mask>, and for land disputes with retainers of the Earl of Arundel.The dispute with the Earl of Ormond escalated into a long-running feud between Talbot and his brother, the Archbishop of Dublin, on the one hand, and the Butler family and their allies the Berkeleys on the other. The feud reached its height in the 1440s, and in the end just about every senior official in Ireland had taken sides in the quarrel. Both sides were reprimanded by the Privy Council for weakening English rule in Ireland: the Council implored them to make up their differences. Friendly relations were finally achieved by the marriage of Talbot's son and heir to Ormond's daughter, Lady Elizabeth Butler. During <mask>'s first term in Ireland, his elder brother Gilbert was serving as a soldier in France. Gilbert died

masks:
John de
John Oldcastle
John


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts:
 on 19 October 1418 at the siege of Rouen, and his lands were inherited by his only daughter and heiress Ankaret Talbot, <mask>'s niece. Ankaret, 6th Baroness Talbot, died shortly after on 13 December 1421 and the Talbot family lands were thus inherited by her uncle <mask>, who became 7th Baron Talbot.From 1420 to 1424 he served in France, apart from a brief return at the end of the first year to organise the festivities of celebrating the coronation of Catherine of Valois, the bride of Henry V. He returned to France in May 1421 and took part in the Battle of Verneuil on 17 August 1424 earning him the Order of the Garter. In 1425, he was lieutenant again for a short time in Ireland; he served again in 1446–7. On the latter appointment he was made Earl of Waterford and hereditary Lord High Steward of Ireland. Service in France
So far his career was that of a turbulent Marcher Lord, employed in posts where a rough hand was useful. It was for his actions in France that he would acquire his fame, however. In 1427 he went again to France, where he fought alongside the Duke of Bedford and the <mask> of Warwick with distinction in Maine and at the Siege of Orléans. He fought at the Battle of Patay on 18 June 1429 where he was captured and held prisoner for four years.He was released in exchange for the French leader Jean Poton de Xaintrailles and returned to England in May 1433. He stayed until July when he returned to France under the Earl of Somerset. Talbot was a daring and aggressive soldier, perhaps the most audacious captain of the age. He and his forces were ever ready to retake a town and to meet a French advance. His trademark was rapid aggressive attacks. He was rewarded by being appointed governor and lieutenant general in France and Normandy and, in 1434, the Duke of

masks: John John Earl


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts:
 first time and almost certainly left the newly created Countess Margaret pregnant with another child. In June 1443, Talbot again returned to England on behalf of the Duke of York to plead for reinforcements, but this time the English Council refused, instead sending a separate force under Shrewsbury's brother-in-law, Edmund Beaufort. His son, Sir Christopher, stayed in England where shortly afterwards he was murdered with a lance at the age of 23 by one of his own men, Griffin Vachan of Treflidian on 10 August at "Cawce, County Salop" (Caus Castle).The English Achilles

He was appointed in 1445 by Henry VI (as king of France) as Constable of France. Taken hostage at Rouen in 1449 he promised never to wear armour against the French King again, and he was true to his word. However, though he did not personally fight, he continued to command English forces against the French. In England he was widely renowned as the best general King Henry VI had. The king relied upon his support at Dartford in 1452, and in 1450 to suppress Cade's Revolt. In 1452 he was ordered to Bordeaux as the king's lieutenant of the Duchy of Aquitaine, and landed there on 17 October. He repaired castle garrisons facing mounting pressure from France, when some reinforcements arrived with his son <mask>, Viscount Lisle in spring 1453, and he captured Fronsac.Death

He was defeated and killed on 17 July 1453 at the Battle of Castillon near Bordeaux, which effectively ended English rule in Aquitaine, a principal cause of the Hundred Years' War. It was reported at the time that when his horse was fatally struck by enemy ordinance, it fell on top of Talbot and pinned him down, enabling a French soldier to finish him off with a battleaxe. His heart was buried in the doorway of St Alkmund's Church,


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts:
 Whitchurch, Shropshire. The victorious French generals raised a monument to Talbot on the field called Notre Dame de Talbot and a French Chronicler paid him handsome tribute:
"Such was the end of this famous and renowned English leader who for so long had been one of the most formidable thorns in the side of the French, who regarded him with terror and dismay" – Matthew d'Escourcy
Although Talbot is generally remembered as a great soldier, some have raised doubts as to his generalship. In particular, charges of rashness have been raised against him. Speed and aggression were key elements in granting success in medieval war, and Talbot's numerical inferiority necessitated surprise. Furthermore, he was often in the position of trying to force battle on unwilling opponents.At his defeat at Patay in 1429 he was advised not to fight there by Sir <mask>f, who was subsequently blamed for the debacle, but the French, inspired by <mask> Arc, showed unprecedented fighting spirit – usually they approached an English position with trepidation. The charge of rashness is perhaps more justifiable at Castillon, where Talbot, misled by false reports of a French retreat, attacked their entrenched camp frontally, facing wheel to wheel artillery. Cultural influence
He is portrayed heroically in Shakespeare's Henry VI, Part 1: "Valiant Lord Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, Created, for his rare success in arms". Talbot's failures are all blamed on Fastolf and feuding factions in the English court. Thomas Nashe, commenting on the play in his booklet Pierce Penniless, stated that Talbot's example was inspiring Englishmen anew, two centuries after his death,
How would it have joyed brave Talbot, the terror of the French, to think that after he had lain two hundred years in his tomb, he should

masks:
John Fastol
Joan of


title: John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

texts:
 triumph again on the stage, and have his bones new embalmed with the tears of ten thousand spectators at least (at several times) who in the tragedian that represents his person imagine they behold him fresh bleeding. I will defend it against any collian or clubfisted usurer of them all, there is no immortality can be given a man on earth like unto plays. Fiction
<mask> is shown as a featured character in Koei's video game Bladestorm: The Hundred Years' War, appearing as the left-arm of Edward, the Black Prince, in which he assists the former and the respective flag of England throughout his many portrayals.Talbot appears as one of the primary antagonists in the PSP game Jeanne d'Arc. See also
Talbot Shrewsbury Book
Talbot (dog)
Château Talbot
HMS Talbot (1895)

Ancestry

Footnotes

References

Other sources
 Allmand, C T (1983) Lancastrian Normandy, 1415–1450: The History of a Medieval Occupation. New York: Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, Pp. xiii, 349
 Barker, J. (2000) The Hundred Years War
 Bradbury, M. (1983) Medieval Archery

 Mortimer, I. (2008), 1415: A Year of Glory
 Pollard, A.J. (1983) <mask> and the War in France, 1427-1453, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press, Inc
 Sumption, J.(2004) The Hundred Years War: Trial by Fire vol. 2 of 2
 Talbot, Rev H., (1980) The English Achilles:  the life of <mask>

Further reading

External links
 A brief short history of Lord <mask>, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury

 Lord <mask>

|-

|-

14th-century births
1453 deaths
15th-century English nobility
Barons Talbot
Constables of France
Earls of Shrewsbury
Earls of Waterford
English military personnel killed in action
English soldiers
Knights of the Garter
Le Strange family
Lords Lieutenant of Ireland
Male Shakespearean characters
People of the Hundred Years'

masks:
John Talbot
John Talbot
John Talbot
John Talbot
John Talbot


title: Edward Christopher Williams

texts:
<mask> (February 11, 1871 – December 24, 1929) was the first African-American professionally trained librarian in the United States. His sudden death in 1929 ended his career the year he was expected to receive the first Ph.D. in librarianship. <mask> was born on February 11, 1871, in Cleveland, Ohio, to an African-American father and an Irish mother. Upon his graduation with distinction from Adelbert College of Western Reserve University in 1892, he was appointed Assistant Librarian of Hatch Library at WRU. Two years later, he was promoted to librarian of Hatch Library until 1909, when he resigned to assume the responsibility of the Principal of M Street High School in Washington, D.C. He continued his career as University Librarian of Howard University until his death on December 24, 1929. <mask> was rediscovered as a Harlem Renaissance author with the 2004 publication of his novel When Washington Was in Vogue, considered among the earliest epistolary novels by an African American.Personal life
<mask> was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the only son of Daniel P<mask>, a respected personality in Cleveland, and Mary Kilkary <mask>, who was of Irish origin. <mask> received his education in the public schools of Cleveland, and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree from Adelbert College of Western Reserve University in 1892. As a distinguished student, he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa fraternity and was named class valedictorian. <mask> married Ethel Chesnutt, the daughter of the writer Charles Waddell Chesnutt, in 1902. They had one son, Charles Chesnutt <mask>, who later became a lawyer, and died before completing a biography of his father. <mask> began his library career in 1892 as an assistant librarian in Hatch Library of Western Reserve University (WRU). After two years, he was promoted to library director.In

masks:
Edward Christopher Williams
Williams
Williams
Edward Williams
. Williams
Williams
Edward
Edward
Williams
Career Williams


title: Edward Christopher Williams

texts:
 1898, <mask> took a sabbatical leave to pursue a master's degree in librarianship at New York State Library. He completed the two years program in one year and went back to resume his responsibilities at WRU as Librarian and Instructor until 1909. He was credited with doubling the size of the collection at WRU. Prior to the establishment of the WRU Library School, <mask> taught some courses in national bibliography; he was also on the committee that recommended the school's establishment. Upon opening the library school in 1904, he was appointed instructor of bibliography and reference. In 1909, <mask> resigned from his position at WRU and was appointed as Principal of the M Street High School (Dunbar High School) in Washington, D.C., where he served for seven years. In 1916, <mask> was elected head librarian of Howard University, where he spent 13 years serving the University Library and developing its collection.<mask> also assumed additional responsibilities as a professor of bibliography, instructor of German language, chair of the romance languages department, and director of library training classes. During his career at Howard University, he advocated for the need for professional personnel, and he worked on improving the quality of the library resources. <mask> also assumed additional responsibilities as a professor of bibliography, instructor of German language, chair of the romance languages department, and director of a Library Training Class. In a Howard news release he was referred to as "The Dean of the library school." Library associations
In addition to his profession as librarian and instructor, <mask> collaborated on the establishment of many associations. He was a founding member of the Ohio Library Association (OLA) and was elected secretary in 1904. As the chairman of the Ohio

masks: Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams Williams


title: Edward Christopher Williams

texts:
 Library Association's College Section, he gave many speeches and lectures at the Ohio Institute of Library Workers.<mask> was also a member of the American Library Association and assisted in its conventions and sessions. He gave a lecture in 1928 in a session of ALA's College and Reference titled "Library Needs of Negro Institutions" and was involved in planning the first conference for African American librarians, held at Fisk University in 1930. <mask> served as vice-president of the New York State Library School Association in 1904. Works
In addition to his library profession, <mask> was also an author and translator. His works include: The Exile (an Italian classical drama), The Sheriff's Children, The Chasm, and many articles, poems and short stories published in The Messenger between 1925 and 1927. <mask>' main writings were based on the problems of Washington's black society as in his novel The Letters of Davy Carr, a True Story of Colored Vanity Fair, serialized in The Messenger from January 1925 to July 1926. Sometimes, he used a pseudonym, Bertiuccio Dantino, to sign his articles.<mask> excelled in five languages: English, French, German, Italian and Spanish. He translated some documents from different languages into English. Early in his career, he received job offers to become a translator. The Letters of Davy Carr was rediscovered by scholar Adam McKible and published as When Washington Was in Vogue in 2004, establishing <mask>' place in the canon of Harlem Renaissance literature. Death
<mask> was preparing for advanced studies to earn the first Ph.D. in library science offered by Columbia University, when he died unexpectedly on December 24, 1929, at Freedmen's Hospital. The funeral was held at the Andrew Rankin Memorial Chapel on the Howard University campus, in the presence of the


title: Edward Christopher Williams

texts:
 President of the University, Dr. Mordecai Johnson, who presided over the ceremony. <mask> <mask> was buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Suitland, Maryland.<mask> was not only a successful professional librarian and author at the time of segregation but a social activist too. He was raising the problems and challenges faced by the black people libraries as deteriorated buildings, shortage in staff and lack of funding at every convention. He was also helping young black men and women to pursue their education and expand their knowledge to become successful people. <mask> admired Saint Augustine, and his favorite quotation was "Always proceed, never stand still nor go back nor deviate. Be always displeased at what thou art. If thou sayest 'I have enough,' thou diest," which was reflected clearly throughout his life and career. E. J. Josey celebrated <mask>' career and achievements in his 1969 article:

<mask> <mask>' life was not a mere life for us to let pass into oblivion historically, for it was a vast spectacle of scholarly achievements in writing, translating, and understanding the complex problems of libraries; and, it was also a panorama of prodigious teaching and motivation to lead his students to excellence in librarianship …

In 1999, American Libraries named him one of the "100 Most Important Leaders We Had in the 20th Century".References

American librarians
Writers from Cleveland
1871 births
1929 deaths
Case Western Reserve University alumni
Harlem Renaissance
African-American novelists
African-American librarians
Case Western Reserve University faculty
Howard University faculty
American male novelists
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American male writers
Novelists from Ohio
African-American history of Washington, D.C.
20th-century African-American writers
African-American male

masks:
Edward Christopher
Williams
Edward Williams
Williams
Williams
Edward Christopher
Williams


title: Jari Kurri

texts:
<mask> (; born May 18, 1960) is a Finnish former professional ice hockey winger and a five-time Stanley Cup champion. In 2001, he became the first Finnish player to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In 2017 <mask> was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players' in history. He is the general manager and owner of Jokerit. Playing career

Early years (1977–1980)
He began his pro career with Jokerit in the Finnish SM-liiga. After an eleven-point rookie season for Jokerit in 1977–78, <mask> scored 30 and 39 points the next two years, playing all 33 games in each season. On March 20, 1979, in a game of seemingly minor consequence at the time, <mask> accompanied the Finnish national team to play in Edmonton, Alberta.The Finns had been invited by the World Hockey Association to play the WHA-leading Edmonton Oilers - while essentially an exhibition game for the Finnish team, the WHA counted the game in its standings. Finland lost the game 8-4, nevertheless <mask> impressed Oilers' management. His performance in Edmonton that night would have a profound impact on his later career. Edmonton Oilers (1980-1990)

After his third professional season, <mask> was eligible for the 1980 NHL Entry Draft. However, he was also widely believed to still be liable for military service in NHL circles, and thus was ignored by most NHL teams. The Oilers, who had joined the NHL after the WHA merged following the 1978-79 season, had closely tracked <mask>'s career after watching him play in Edmonton. They made discreet inquiries to the Finnish government and were able to determine that <mask> had already fulfilled his

masks:
Jari Pekka Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri


title: Jari Kurri

texts: military service obligations.Taking advantage of this information, the Oilers waited until the fourth round before selecting <mask> with the 69th overall pick. <mask> remains regarded as one of the greatest "steals" in the history of the NHL draft. When <mask> joined the Oilers, he was soon paired with Wayne Gretzky. <mask> and Gretzky became one of the most prolific scoring duos ever to play in the NHL. Despite not always playing on the same line, Gretzky assisted on 364 of <mask>'s 601 career goals, while <mask> had an assist on 196 Gretzky goals. During his career in Edmonton, he was nicknamed the "Finnish Flash" (a title since bestowed on Teemu Selänne). <mask> was "by far our most complete player", according to Oilers' director of personnel Barry Fraser.Although <mask> never won the Selke Trophy, he was regarded as one of the best defensive forwards in the NHL. Alongside <mask>, Esa Tikkanen and Gretzky, Edmonton had future hall-of-famers Paul Coffey, Grant Fuhr, Glenn Anderson and Mark Messier. The team won four Stanley Cups during Gretzky's tenure. In 1988, Gretzky was traded, along with team enforcer Marty McSorley, to the Los Angeles Kings. Following Gretzky's trade, <mask> recorded 195 points in 154 games, leading the Oilers to their fifth and last Stanley Cup in 1990. <mask> won five Stanley Cups, all with Edmonton (1984, 1985, 1987, 1988 and 1990). In 1984–85 he had 135 points and scored 50 goals in his first 50 games; however, his 50th game was the Oilers' 53rd game so it does not count as an official 50 goals in 50 games.A year later, he led the league in goals with 68. In 1984–85 <mask>

masks: Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


title: Jari Kurri

texts:
 set a record for goals by a right winger when he scored 71, which was broken by Brett Hull when he scored 72 goals in 1989–90 (Hull's 86 goals in 1990–91 is the current record). <mask> also scored the Stanley Cup winning goal in game seven against the Philadelphia Flyers in 1987. <mask>'s 19 goals in the 1985 post-season (18 games played) tied an NHL record set by the Flyers' Reggie Leach in the 1976 playoffs (16 games played). Those 19 goals included four hat tricks, a still-standing record in a playoff season. <mask> scored three of the hat tricks against the Blackhawks in the conference finals, also a feat that no player has ever equaled. He scored five goals in a single game, on November 19, 1983.The achievement was not repeated by Finnish player until November 24, 2018 when Patrik Laine had a five-goal-game. <mask> registered three goals and two assists in Game 2 of the Stanley Cup Finals in Boston, May 18, 1990, setting a record for scoring in a single Finals game in the modern era, on his 30th birthday. <mask> had also set up Petr Klíma's goal in triple overtime in Game 1. Later career (1990–1998)
<mask>'s contract with the Oilers expired in 1990 but his NHL rights were still owned by the Oilers. Instead of accepting a new contract from the Oilers, <mask> opted for a season in Italy and played for Devils Milano of the Italian Serie A. <mask> had 27 goals and 48 assists in 30 games while he played in the Italian league. After a season in Italy, <mask>'s rights were traded to the Philadelphia Flyers and then to the Los Angeles Kings on the same day. For the first time since the 1988 trade, <mask>

masks: Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


title: Jari Kurri

texts: was reunited with Wayne Gretzky.The pair had a fairly successful campaign in 1993 leading the Los Angeles Kings to the Stanley Cup Finals where they faced off against the Montreal Canadiens. <mask> managed to put together 17 points in 24 games during the run, in which the Kings ultimately fell short and lost the series in 5 games. <mask> followed the run up with a few more solid seasons as a Los Angeles King, scoring 146 points in 176 games; his decline in scoring was primarily due to his transition into a more defensive minded forward in a somewhat reduced role. (Though they were back on the same team, by this time he and Gretzky were not usually playing on the same line.) <mask>'s best season for the Kings was during the successful 1992–93 season when <mask> posted 27 goals and 60 assists in 82 games. During the 1994–95 NHL lockout <mask> <mask> represented Jokerit, the team for which he played before his NHL career. <mask> played alongside Teemu Selänne, the 1993 winner of the Calder Memorial Trophy who had established himself as one of the top stars in Finland during early success in the NHL.<mask> had one memorable moment during his visit to SM-liiga when Jokerit faced their local rivals HIFK. <mask> played against his former Oilers-linemate Esa Tikkanen and another Finnish NHL-player, Christian Ruuttu. <mask>, Selänne and Jokerit captain Waltteri Immonen led Jokerit to 4–2 victory over Russian HC Lada Togliatti in 1994 European Cup Finals. After the lockout <mask> returned to Los Angeles, but was traded to New York Rangers in 1996 for their playoff run. <mask> played the remainder of the 1995–96

masks: Kurri Jari Kurri Kurri Jari Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


title: Jari Kurri

texts: NHL season with the Rangers and posted one goal and four assists in 14 games. While he may not have put up the points the Rangers expected him to at the end of the regular season, <mask> proved some of his value by notching 8 points in 11 playoff games with the Rangers. After his short period with the Rangers, <mask> signed with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.<mask> intended to play alongside Teemu Selänne and Paul Kariya, but was ultimately reduced to a smaller role on the second and third lines, despite a newfound confidence from rigorous summer training. The Mighty Ducks made it to the playoffs and defeated the Phoenix Coyotes in the first round but were swept by the Detroit Red Wings in the second round. After his single season with the Mighty Ducks, <mask> was signed by the Colorado Avalanche, the 1996 Stanley Cup champions. <mask> had a more defensive role with the Avalanche. <mask>'s highlight of the season was his 600th NHL career goal, which he scored during a regular season game between the Avalanche and the Kings. Despite having a strong team with players like Joe Sakic, Peter Forsberg and Patrick Roy, the Avalanche were eliminated quickly in the playoffs by the Oilers. <mask> finished his career as the highest scoring European-born-and-trained player in NHL history, with 601 goals, 797 assists, and 1,398 points.(Stan Mikita, who was born in Slovakia, but raised in Canada, retired 18 seasons before <mask> with 926 assists and 1,467 points.) <mask> has since been passed in all three categories by Jaromír Jágr, who also passed all of Mikita's marks. <mask> has since also been bested in goals by

masks:
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Legacy Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri


title: Jari Kurri

texts:
 Teemu Selänne (the current record-holder for NHL goals scored by a Finn), and in assists by Nicklas Lidström. He was also the highest ranked non-Canadian in NHL points and goals; the only non-Canadian with more assists at <mask>'s retirement was American Phil Housley, since passed by Mike Modano. <mask> finished with 106 career playoff goals and 233 playoff points, third all-time behind Gretzky and Messier. His 1,398 points are 19th all-time, and the third highest among players trained in Europe behind Jágr and Selänne. He is 18th in all-time goals with 601, and was the leading Finn in that department until Selänne passed him in 2010.He is the second leading point-scorer in Oilers history, with 1,043 points in 754 games, behind Gretzky. His No. 17 has been retired by the Edmonton Oilers, the Finnish national team, and Jokerit. In addition, the <mask> <mask> trophy is given to the most valuable player in the SM-liiga playoffs. In 2000, he was named along with longtime linemate Gretzky to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame. In 1998, he was ranked number 50 on The Hockey News''' list of the 100 Greatest Hockey Players, the highest-ranking Northern European player (1998). In addition, he was the first Finn to be inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, doing so in 2001.

International play

<mask> also had a lengthy international career for the Finnish national team.<mask> debuted during 1980 Winter Olympics when Finland played in the Olympic ice hockey tournament. <mask> scored two goals and an assist in his international debut. Since NHL players were unable to participate in the Winter

masks: Kurri Kurri Jari Kurri Kurri Kurri Kurri


title: Jari Kurri

texts: Olympics and World Championships, <mask>'s national team appearances were limited after he started his NHL career. <mask> was part of Finnish national team during 1981 Canada Cup. Finland lost four games and had a 4–4 tie with the United States. <mask> had a disappointing performance, with only one assist in five games. After the Oilers were eliminated in the 1982 NHL playoffs, <mask> was able to join the Finnish national team in 1982 World Championships.The tournament was held in Finland. <mask> formed Finland's top line along with SM-liiga players Reijo Leppänen of TPS and Kari Jalonen of Kärpät. The lineup led the Finnish team in points and played well during the tournament but Finland was not able to advance to the medal round. <mask> was part of the Finnish team at the 1987 Canada Cup and the 1989 World Championships, but Finland was unable to gain success on those tournaments, ranking 6th of 6 and 5th of 8, in those respective tournaments. In 1991, <mask> represented Finland at the 1991 World Championships held again in Finland. Finland ranked 5th of 8 teams. Later that year, at the 1991 Canada Cup, Finland lost 3–7 to the United States in the semi-finals.At the 1994 World Championships, <mask> managed to get his first international medal when Finland earned silver after losing 1–2 in a shootout against Canada. At the 1998 Winter Olympics, <mask> faced Gretzky on ice for the last time, when Finland and Canada played for the Olympic bronze medal in Nagano. Finland was the underdog against Canada, but Finland won the game 3–2. <mask> scored the first goal of the game, which turned out to be his


title: Jari Kurri

texts:
 last goal for the Finnish national team. After retirement
After being long time general manager of the Finnish national men's ice hockey team, scouting players and assisting the head coach. He is now GM of the first Finnish KHL league team Jokerit. In the summer of 2019, Hjallis Harkimo sold the Jokerit to Jari and so <mask> <mask> now owns the club.Personal life
<mask> is married to former Miss Finland, <mask>, nee Forsman; they wed in 2004 and have three daughters: Odessa (born 2002), Alissa (born 2005) and Isla (2012), and one son, Paulus (born 2007). <mask> also has twin boys (Joonas and Ville) from his first marriage, to Tiina <mask>. Former linemate Wayne Gretzky is the godfather of <mask>'s children from his first marriage. <mask> is the godfather of Sami Lepistö. Transactions
May 30, 1991 – Traded by the Edmonton Oilers, along with Dave Brown and Corey Foster, to the Philadelphia Flyers in exchange for Craig Fisher, Scott Mellanby and Craig Berube. May 30, 1991 – Traded by the Philadelphia Flyers, along with Jeff Chychrun to Los Angeles Kings in exchange for Steve Duchesne, Steve Kasper and Los Angeles' 1991 4th round draft choice. March 14, 1996 – Traded by the Los Angeles Kings, along with Shane Churla and Marty McSorley, to the New York Rangers in exchange for Ray Ferraro, Ian Laperrière, Nathan LaFayette, Mattias Norström and New York's 1997 4th round draft choice.September 10, 1996 – Signed as a free agent with the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. September 15, 1997 – Signed as a free agent with the Colorado Avalanche. Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs

^ Led leagueIn bold are NHL

masks:
Jari
Kurri
Kurri
Vanessa Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri
Kurri


title: Columba Domínguez

texts:
<mask> (March 4, 1929 – August 13, 2014) was a Mexican actress, singer, and painter. She is remembered particularly for her performance in the film Pueblerina (1949). Domínguez was romantically linked for several years with the film director Emilio Fernández. Biography

Early life
<mask> was born on March 4, 1929 in Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico. She moved to Mexico City with her family when she was very young. While attending a party with one of her sisters, she was discovered by the Mexican film director Emilio Fernández, who started her acting career with small roles in films such as La perla (1945) and Río Escondido (1947). Career
In 1948, Fernandez gave her the antagonistic role in the film Maclovia (1948), with María Félix.Her performance was praised by critics and, thanks to this film, Fernández entrusted with the leading role that would become her best film: Pueblerina (1948). Thanks to this movie <mask> rose to stardom rapidly and became known worldwide to be presented at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. In that same year she participated in La Malquerida, with Dolores del Río and Pedro Armendáriz. Following the success of Pueblerina, <mask> was contracted in Italy to appear in the film L'Edera (1950). That same year, she filmed Un día de vida (1952), which went unnoticed in Mexico, but became a huge success in the former Yugoslavia. Encased in native roles, <mask> separates professionally from Fernandez in 1952, which allowed them to become one first figure and work under the orders of other filmmakers, such as Luis Buñuel (with whom she worked in El río y la muerte (1955)), Fernando Méndez (director of the cult film Ladrón de cadáveres (1957), considered one of the best Mexican horror  films) and Ismael Rodriguez (who took her to

masks:
Columba Domínguez Alarid
Columba Domínguez Alarid
Columba
Columba
Columba


title: Columba Domínguez

texts:
 star in two masterpieces: Los Hermanos de Hierro (1961) and Ánimas Trujano (1962), with the Japanese actor Toshiro Mifune), among others. In 1962 she participated in El tejedor de milagros, a film that represented Latin America in the IX Berlin Film Festival.<mask> also made the first official nude in the Mexican Cinema in the film La virtud desnuda. (1956). In 1961, she recorded an LP record titled La voz dulce y mexicana de Columba Domínguez (The Sweet, Mexican Voice of Columba Domínguez) for the RCA Víctor label, with orchestral arrangements by Mario Ruiz Armengol and Chucho Ferrer. The album has ten tracks and was reissued in digital format by Sony Music in 2012. On television, Domínguez performed in telenovelas like La tormenta (1967) and El carruaje (1972). Her last television appearance was in Aprendiendo a amar (1979). After her retirement in 1987, <mask> devoted herself to dance, humanistic art, painting and piano.In 2008, after more than 20 years of retirement from cinema, the Mexican director Roberto Fiesco returned her to the screen in the short film Paloma. That same year, Dominguez was honored by the International Film Festival de la Frontera, in Ciudad Juarez, at which some of the most representative titles in which she performed were shown. In 2010, Domínguez made special appearances in the films La cebra and Borrar la memoria, and in 2012 she appeared in the film El último trago. In May 2013, <mask> <mask> was honored with the Golden Ariel Award for her contributions to the Mexican film industry. Personal life
In 1945, Domínguez was discovered by the famous Mexican film director Emilio Fernandez, who launched her career in film. She and Fernandez began a friendly relationship, which soon led to romance, and <mask> later claimed

masks: Columba Columba Columba Domínguez Columba


title: Columba Domínguez

texts:
 that this resulted in their secret marriage. The couple had a daughter, Jacaranda, born in 1952.Personal differences, and infidelities by Fernández, prompted Domínguez to leave him in 1952, taking their daughter with her. A tragic event marred Domínguez' life when, in 1978, her daughter Jacaranda died after falling from the fourth floor of a building, in circumstances that were never clarified. Domínguez and Fernández resumed their relationship several times. She was with him in his last days, despite their having been apart many years, and she did not leave the hospital room until his body was removed. In March 1987 she wrote a book titled Emilio, the Indian that I love which was dedicated to her great love. After Fernández' death in 1986, a dispute over his will erupted, particularly concerning his stunning "fortress" home in the neighborhood of Coyoacan, in the south of Mexico City. Emilio died intestate, and his only surviving daughter, the writer Adela Fernandez y Fernandez, was automatically named the sole heir to the exclusion of Domínguez, who claimed property rights.According to Domínguez, Adela was not a biological daughter of Emilio, and he had never legally adopted her.<ref>{{YouTube|AEiFw-MuwfY|La historia detras del mito: Emilio "El Indio" Fernández}}</ref> These details, and the legal situation, were never clarified as Adela died in 2013. Her very Mexican beauty was portrayed in paintings by famous artists like Miguel Covarrubias, Jesús Guerrero Galván and Diego Rivera. Death
<mask> <mask> died on August 13, 2014 in the Hospital Ángeles Santelena in Mexico City, as a result of a heart attack, after being hospitalized for several days due to complications from pneumonia. She was entombed at the Mausoleos del Ángel Graveyard, in Mexico

masks: Columba Domínguez


title: Yash Chopra

texts: <mask> (27 September 1932  21 October 2012) was an Indian film director and film producer who worked in Hindi cinema. The founding chairman of the film production and distribution company Yash Raj Films, <mask> was the recipient of several awards, including 6 National Film Awards and 8 Filmfare Awards. He is considered among the best Indian filmmakers. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honoured him with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2001, and the Padma Bhushan in 2005. British Academy of Film and Television Arts 2006 presented him with a lifetime membership, making him the first Indian to receive the honour. <mask> began his career as an assistant director to I. S. Johar and his elder brother, B.R<mask>.He made his directorial debut with Dhool Ka Phool in 1959, a melodrama about illegitimacy, and followed it with the social drama Dharmputra (1961). <mask> rose to prominence after directing the critically and commercially successful family drama Waqt (1965), which pioneered the concept of ensemble casts in Bollywood. In 1970, he founded his own production company, Yash Raj Films, whose first production was Daag: A Poem of Love (1973), a successful melodrama about polygamy. His success continued in the seventies, with some of Indian cinema's most successful and iconic films, including the action-thriller Deewaar (1975), which established Amitabh Bachchan as a leading actor in Bollywood; the ensemble romantic drama Kabhi Kabhie (1976) and the ensemble drama Trishul (1978). <mask> collaborated with Sridevi in two of what has been considered to be his finest films; the romantic musical Chandni (1989), which became instrumental in ending the era of violent films in Bollywood and returning to musicals, and the intergenerational musical romantic drama Lamhe (1991), considered by critics and <mask> himself to be his best work, but underperformed at the domestic box-office although brought profits overseas. After helming the critically panned

masks:
Yash Raj Chopra
Chopra
Chopra
. Chopra
Chopra
Chopra
Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts:
 Parampara (1993), <mask> directed the musical psychological thriller Darr (1993), the first of his films to star Shahrukh Khan. <mask> directed three more romantic films, all starring Khan; Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Veer-Zaara (2004) and Jab Tak Hai Jaan (2012), before announcing his retirement from direction in 2012.He died of dengue fever during Jab Tak Hai Jaans production in 2012. He was considered one of the best directors in Bollywood industry. Early life

<mask> was born on 27 September 1932 in Lahore, Punjab Province, British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan) into a Punjabi Hindu Khatri family. His father was an accountant in the PWD division of the British Punjab administration. He was the youngest of eight children, the oldest of whom was almost 30 years his senior. The eminent film-maker <mask> is one of his brothers. <mask> was largely brought up in the Lahore house of his second brother, Baldev <mask>, then a film journalist.<mask> lived in Jalandhar in 1945 to continue his education, where he studied at Doaba College and originally sought to pursue a career in engineering. He later moved to Ludhiana, East Punjab (in India) after the Partition of India. His passion for film-making led him to travel to Bombay, where he initially worked as an assistant director to I. S. Johar, and then for his director-producer brother, B. R<mask>. Career

Early career
<mask> received his first directorial opportunity in 1959 with the social drama Dhool Ka Phool, produced by his elder brother B.R<mask> and starring Mala Sinha, Rajendra Kumar and Leela Chitnis. The film revolved around a Muslim bringing up an "illegitimate" Hindu child. The film was well received by critics and became the fourth highest-grossing film of the year.Encouraged by their success, the <mask>s made another hard-hitting social drama, Dharmputra (1961). It was one of the first films to depict the Partition of India and Hindu fundamentalism. The film marked the debut of Shashi Kapoor in a fully

masks:
Chopra
Chopra
Chopra
BR Chopra
Chopra
Raj Chopra
Chopra
. Chopra
Chopra
. Chopra
Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts:
 fledged role and was awarded with the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Hindi. <mask>'s collaboration with his brother continued in the form of the 1965 film Waqt, which featured an ensemble cast including Sunil Dutt, Raaj Kumar, Shashi Kapoor, Sadhana, Balraj Sahni, Madan Puri, Sharmila Tagore, Achala Sachdev and Rehman. The film became a critical and commercial success. It is acknowledged as a "found film" of the "lost and found" genre. Setting many other trends, it was one of Indian cinema's first multi-starrers, a mode which became increasingly popular among the producers during the 1970s.It also began the now obligatory style of depicting wealth and social class. <mask> received his first Filmfare Award for Best Director for the film. In 1969, <mask> directed two movies produced by his brother. The first was Aadmi Aur Insaan, which featured Dharmendra and Saira Banu in the lead roles. He directed Ittefaq (1969), a suspense movie based on a Gujarati play, depicting the events of a single night, with Rajesh Khanna and Nanda in the lead roles. Shot in a month and on a low budget, the film was deemed unusual by critics. It was one of the first Hindi films which did not have any songs or an interval.It was eventually declared a semi-hit at the box-office and won <mask> his second Filmfare Award for Best Director. Formation of Yash Raj Films

In 1970, <mask> founded the independent Yash Raj Films, terminating his creative collaboration with his brother. His first independently produced film, Daag: A Poem of Love (1973), a melodrama about polygamy, starring Rajesh Khanna, Sharmila Tagore and Raakhee was a huge success and <mask> won his third Filmfare Award for Best Director for the film. He directed a number of classic cult films starring Amitabh Bachchan and scripted by Salim–Javed, notably Deewaar and Trishul, which were huge hits and remain popular even today. These films set the trend for the late-'70s and '80s, establishing Bachchan as the

masks: Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts: "angry young man". <mask> won his fourth Filmfare Award for Best Director for Deewaar. <mask> produced, directed and scripted 2 more films starring Bachchan.Unlike his earlier action-oriented films, these 2 were musical romantic dramas: Kabhi Kabhie (1976), co-starring Raakhee, Shashi Kapoor, Waheeda Rehman, Rishi Kapoor and Neetu Singh, followed by Silsila (1981), co-starring Jaya Bachchan, Rekha and Sanjeev Kumar. <mask> <mask> suggested Javed Akhtar to become a lyricist, starting from this film. The '80s marked a professional setback in <mask>'s career, as several films he directed and produced in that period failed to leave a mark at the Indian box-office. His film Mashaal (1984) was his first collaboration with the legendary actor, Dilip Kumar. The action-oriented film, which was based on the well-known Marathi play titled Ashroonchi Zhali Phule, received critical acclaim, but fared only average at the box-office. A year later, he made Faasle. The romantic drama starring Sunil Dutt, Rekha, Rohan Kapoor and Farah was a critical and commercial disaster.He and critics consider it his worst film. Vijay (1988) was also a box-office failure. The film received mixed reviews from critics and was dubbed a remake of Trishul. <mask>'s lean phase ended in 1989 with the highly successful romantic musical Chandni, a film with all the hallmarks of what has come to be known as the "<mask> Chopra style": heroine-oriented, romantic, emotional, depicting the lifestyle of the elite, with melodic music used in songs picturized in foreign locations. It marked the first collaboration between <mask> and Sridevi. The huge success of its music was instrumental in ending the era of violence in Bollywood films and bringing back music into Hindi films. After a string of critically and commercially movies, the success of Chandni consolidated Sridevi's position as the top female Bollywood star of the era.Though it was not the first time <mask> shot a film in Switzerland, the extensive

masks: Chopra Chopra Yash Chopra Chopra Chopra Yash Chopra Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts:
 scenes shot there made it a popular tourist destination for Indians. The film won the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment for 1989. He followed it with Lamhe (1991), an intergenerational musical romantic drama starring frequent collaborators Sridevi and Anil Kapoor. The film received high critical acclaim, had exceptional music, and was one of the biggest Bollywood hits in the overseas market. However, it was a moderate box-office success in India due to its controversial storyline. The film won five Filmfare awards, including the Filmfare Award for Best Film. Over the years, Lamhe has been hailed as a cult classic; it is regarded as a modern masterpiece and possibly his finest film to date.It was featured in Outlook magazine's list of All-Time Great Indian films. It has been cited by <mask> as his personal favourite of his films. In 1992, <mask> directed Parampara. Despite an all-star cast of Ramya Krishnan, Aamir Khan, Raveena Tandon, Sunil Dutt, Anupam Kher, Vinod Khanna, Ashwini Bhave and Saif Ali Khan (In his film debut), the film was a commercial failure and was panned by critics for its weak storyline and music, although <mask>'s direction was commended. 1993–2012

In 1993, <mask> directed the newcomer Shahrukh Khan along with Juhi Chawla and Sunny Deol in the musical psychological thriller Darr. The movie was the story of an obsessed lover (Khan) and the lengths to which he goes to get the girl (Chawla) who is already happily engaged to another man (Deol). The film was a runaway success and is considered a cult classic today.Darr emerged as one of the highest grossing hindi movie of 1993. It also established Khan as a bankable star. 4 years later, <mask> then directed, produced and co-wrote the highly successful 1997 musical romantic drama Dil To Pagal Hai, starring yet again Shahrukh Khan in a love quadrangle with Madhuri Dixit, Karisma Kapoor and Akshay Kumar. It was the first Bollywood movie to be shot in

masks: Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts: Germany. The film became the highest grosser for the year. It won many awards, including 7 Filmfare Awards and 3 National Awards, including the National Film Award for Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment. <mask> then took a sabbatical from directing and focused solely on producing films for over 7 years.In 2004, he returned to direction with the epic love saga Veer-Zaara. Starring Shahrukh Khan again, Preity Zinta and Rani Mukerji in the lead roles, the film was the biggest hit of 2004 in both India and overseas, with a worldwide gross of over 940 million and was screened at the Berlin Film Festival to critical appreciation. The film which narrated the love story of an Indian air-force officer Veer Pratap Singh (Khan) and a Pakistani woman, Zaara Hayaat Khan (Zinta) was highly appreciated by critics. Rama Sharma from The Tribune wrote: "Giving love its due, <mask> <mask> has understandably linked the script to the life of a common man. The pace is exacting. Drawing from the best of the two countries, the story is made more colorful by a spray of the Punjabi culture— be it celebrating Lohri in India or visiting a dargah in Pakistan. He has handled the script cleverly.Whenever the pace begins to slacken, he introduces a new character and a twist." In September 2012, in a special interview with actor Shahrukh Khan on the occasion of his eightieth birthday, <mask> announced that Jab Tak Hai Jaan (2012) would be his last directorial venture and that he would opt to focus on his production company and his personal life. For the shoot of the last remaining song in Jab Tak Hai Jaan, director <mask> <mask> wanted to shoot a scene of a sari-clad Katrina Kaif romancing Shahrukh Khan in the lush meadows of the Swiss Alps. But his illness, caused by a bout of dengue, stymied the plan for the song, which would have reflected his trademark directorial style. Yash Raj Films (YRF) is the most dominant production company in Hindi filmmaking. <mask> <mask> has

masks:
Chopra
Yash
Chopra
Chopra
Yash
Chopra
Yash
Raj Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts:
 continuously featured in the top five hit Indian movies of the year since 2000. The Indian film director and producer used a range of directors.He repetitively used the star power of Bollywood's most popular actors, Amitabh Bachchan and Shahrukh Khan. Yash Raj Films is a highlight of India's post-colonial identity. It has grown to be the forefront of the global rise of Bollywood cinema. Yash Raj Films have expanded their company from locally based Hindi films to global achievements. They have managed to attract home based and diasporic Indians. Yash Raj Films have used a smart technique by incorporating foreign locations as a site which succeeded. Frequent collaborations

<mask> was known to often cast the same actors in his films, his most famous collaborations being with Amitabh Bachchan, Shashi Kapoor, Raakhee, Waheeda Rehman and more recently, Shahrukh Khan.Personal life

In 1970, <mask> married Pamela Singh and together they have two sons Aditya <mask> and Uday <mask>, born in 1971 and 1973, respectively. Aditya <mask> is also a film director and producer and holds the position of Chairman and Managing Director of Yash Raj Films, while Uday is an assistant director turned actor who made his acting debut in 2000 in his brother's directorial, Mohabbatein. He is currently the Director – Yash Raj Films, CEO – YRF Entertainment. Death

On 13 October 2012, <mask> was diagnosed with dengue fever and was admitted to Lilavati Hospital in Bandra, Mumbai. On 21 October, <mask> <mask> succumbed to death following multiple organ failure. He was 80 years of age. The Chautha ceremony for <mask> <mask> was held on 25 October 2012 at Yash Raj Films studio.<mask> <mask>'s final rites took place at Pawan Hans crematorium on 22 October 2012. Awards

Honours and recognitions
 2003-2012: Vice President of the Film Producers’ Guild of India for 10 years. 2005: Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honours. 2006: Punjab Rattan, Punjab's highest civilian honour. 5

masks: Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra Chopra Yash Chopra Yash Chopra Yash Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts:
 July 2008: France's Legion of Honour
 Handpicked by the British Film Institute for a book written by Rachel Dwyer in their "World Directors Series". This book showcases the glorious five-decade career of <mask> <mask>. 2009: Pusan International Film Festival – Asian Filmmaker of the Year
 Honoured along with the Egyptian comedian Adel Emam and the Oscar-winning actor Morgan Freeman as the Asian, Arab and Hollywood honorees in the Dubai International Film Festival "In the Spotlight", which honours the work of eminent actors, producers and directors from around the world for their distinguished service to the film industry.2010: Honoured by the Swiss Government for rediscovering Switzerland, and recently, he was presented a Special Award by Ursula Andress on behalf of the Swiss Government. The veteran Director was on the Advisory Board of the Information & Broadcasting Ministry of the Government of India. 1996: Founder Trustee of Film Industry Welfare Trust established. 1998 & 2001: Received BBC Asia Awards in both years – in 1998 and 2001 for his outstanding contribution to films. 2001: Dr. Dadabhai Naoroji Millennium Lifetime Achievement award. Certificate of Recognition from the British Tourist Authority and British Film Commission for promoting tourism in the UK through his films. Vocational Excellence Award by the Rotary Club
 Outstanding Achievement Awards by the apex bodies of Indian Industry – like the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII).Honoured by National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) and All India Association of Industries (AIAI) for his outstanding achievements. He has also been awarded the Priyadarshini Award for his outstanding contribution to Indian cinema. 2001: Dadasaheb Phalke Award, the topmost and the highest honour given in the Indian film industry. He has been given the Maharashtra state government's Raj Kapoor and V. Shantaram’ Awards, in recognition of his impressive contributions to the Hindi film industry.

masks: Yash Chopra


title: Yash Chopra

texts:
 2006: Lifetime Achievement Award at the 4th Pune International Film Festival (P.I.F.F.) 2006: A lifetime membership to BAFTA for his contribution to the Indian film industry. He is the first Indian to be honoured at BAFTA in 59-year history of the academy.13 November 2007: <mask> was conferred the Zenith Asia Honour for his contribution to Indian cinema. 2008: FIAPF Award for Outstanding Achievement in Film at the Asia Pacific Screen Awards. 2010: National Kishore Kumar Award by the Government of Madhya Pradesh. 2010: Swiss Ambassador's Award for his contribution in promoting "Brand Switzerland" through his movies. 2009: <mask> <mask> received the Lifetime Achievement Award at Satya Brahma-founded India Leadership Conclave, moderated by NDTV. October 2010: <mask> was given the Outstanding Achievement in Cinema award at The Asian Awards. 2011: <mask> Chopra Memorial Award ceremonies were instituted by the TSR Foundation of T. Subbarami Reddy, which carries Rs 10.00 lakhs cash and citation. These awards ceremonies started in 2013, on the eve of <mask>'s death and are dedicated to his memory. The ceremonies are held annually in Mumbai, and feature awards to people in recognition of their outstanding contribution in the field of art and culture. References

Further reading

External links

 Biography of <mask> <mask> in Yash Raj Film's official website

1932 births
2012 deaths
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Dadasaheb Phalke Award recipients
Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award winners
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
Film directors from Lahore
Film directors from Mumbai
Film producers from Mumbai
Hindi film producers
Hindi-language film directors
People from Jalandhar
Punjabi people
Yash Raj Films people
Deaths from dengue fever
20th-century Indian film directors
Producers who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film Award
Directors who won the Best Popular Film Providing Wholesome Entertainment National Film

masks: Chopra Yash Chopra Chopra Choprash Chopra Yash Chopra