title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

texts:
<mask> (born <mask>; February 5, 1962) is an American actress and producer. She began her career on television during the 1970s before making her film breakthrough as Stacy Hamilton in Fast Times at Ridgemont High (1982). She later received critical praise for her performances in Last Exit to Brooklyn (1989), Miami Blues (1990), Backdraft (1991), Single White Female (1992), and Short Cuts (1993). <mask> was nominated for a Golden Globe for her portrayal of Dorothy Parker in Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994). She starred in a 1995 film written by her mother, screenwriter Barbara Turner, titled Georgia. In 2001, she co-wrote and co-directed a film with Alan Cumming titled The Anniversary Party. In 2002, <mask> appeared in the neo-noir crime drama film Road to Perdition.In 2007, she starred in the family drama film Margot at the Wedding. She had a recurring role on the Showtime comedy-drama series Weeds as Jill Price-Gray. In 2015, she received critical acclaim for her voice work as Lisa in Charlie Kaufman's Anomalisa, and for her role as Daisy Domergue in Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight, for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. From 2017 to 2021, she starred in the Netflix comedy-drama series Atypical. <mask> starred in the science-fiction horror films, Annihilation (2018) and Possessor (2020). For her stage work, <mask> was nominated for a Drama Desk award for her off-Broadway performance as Beverly Moss in <mask>'s Abigail's Party. Her Broadway debut occurred in 1998, when she became the replacement for the role of Sally Bowles in the musical Cabaret.Early life
<mask> was born in Los Angeles, California. Her father, Vic Morrow (born Victor Morozoff), was an actor, and her mother, Barbara Turner, was a screenwriter. Her parents divorced when she was two. <mask>'s birth name was <mask> Morrow. She changed her surname early

masks:
Jennifer Jason Leigh
Jennifer Leigh Morrow
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Mike Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Jennifer Leigh


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

type: original

texts:
 in her acting career, taking the middle name "<mask>" in honor of actor <mask>, a family friend. <mask>'s parents were Jewish; her father's family was from Russia and her mother's from Austria. <mask> is the middle child of three sisters.Her older sister, Carrie Ann Morrow, who was credited as a "technical advisor" on her 1995 film Georgia, died in 2016. <mask> also has a half-sister, actress Mina Badie (born 'Badiyi' – from her mother's second marriage). Badie acted alongside <mask> in The Anniversary Party. Film director Reza Badiyi became <mask>'s stepfather when he married <mask>'s mother, Barbara. Career

1976–1989
<mask> had a nonspeaking role at the age of nine for her film debut Death of a Stranger (The Execution) (1973). At the age of fourteen, she attended acting workshops, taught by Lee Strasberg, and the Stagedoor Manor Performing Arts Training Center in Loch Sheldrake, New York. Afterwards, she landed a role in the film The Young Runaways (1978).She also appeared in an episode of Baretta and an episode of The Waltons. Several television films followed, including a portrayal of an anorexic teenager in The Best Little Girl in the World, for which <mask> dropped to  under medical supervision. She made her big-screen debut playing a blind, deaf, and mute rape victim in the 1981 slasher film Eyes of a Stranger; she quit school to star in the film. In 1982, <mask> played a teenager who gets pregnant in the Cameron Crowe-scripted high-school comedy film Fast Times at Ridgemont High, which served as a launching pad for several of its young stars. While decrying the writing as sexist and exploitative, film critic Roger Ebert was enthusiastic about the acting, singling out <mask> and writing, "Don't they know they have a star on their hands?" With the exception of Ridgemont High and a supporting role in the 1983 comedy film Easy Money alongside Rodney Dangerfield, <mask>'s early film

masks:
Jason
Jason Robards
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

texts:
 work consisted of playing fragile, damaged, or neurotic characters in low-budget horror or thriller genre films. She played a virginal princess kidnapped and raped by mercenaries in Flesh and Blood (1985), an innocent waitress pursued by the psychopathic title character in The Hitcher (1986) (both films pitting her alongside Rutger Hauer), and a young woman on the verge of a nervous breakdown in Heart of Midnight (1989).1990–1999
In 1990, <mask> made a significant career breakthrough when she was awarded New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress and the Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of two very different prostitutes: the tough streetwalker Tralala who is brutally gang-raped in Last Exit to Brooklyn, and Susie, a teenage prostitute who falls in love with ex-con Alec Baldwin in Miami Blues. Roger Ebert included Last Exit in his list of Best Movies of 1990, calling <mask>'s performance brave, though his review of Miami Blues was much less sympathetic, simultaneously criticizing <mask> Streep of bimbos". <mask> was then cast in her first mainstream Hollywood studio film, the firefighter drama Backdraft (1991), in which she played a more conventional role, the girlfriend of lead actor William Baldwin. <mask> found more success in the gritty crime drama Rush (1991), portraying an undercover cop who becomes a junkie and falls in love with her partner, played by <mask>. Her next film, Single White Female (1992), was a surprise box-office success, bringing <mask> to her largest mainstream audience yet, portraying a mentally ill woman who terrorizes roommate Bridget Fonda. <mask> was awarded the MTV Movie Award for Best Villain at the 1993 MTV Movie Awards and nominated for Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress.<mask> co-starred with Kathy Bates as a tormented, pill-popping woman hiding a history of

masks:
Leigh
Leigh
Leighryl
Leigh
Leigh
Jason Patric
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

texts: childhood sexual abuse in the adaptation of Stephen King's novel Dolores Claiborne (1995). <mask> achieved her greatest acclaim in the role of Sadie Flood, an angry, drug-addicted rock singer living in the shadow of her successful older sister (Mare Winningham), in Georgia (1995). For the role, <mask> dropped to  and sang all of her songs live, including a rambling -minute version of Van Morrison's "Take Me Back". Georgia was met with critical praise. James Berardinelli wrote, "There are times when it's uncomfortable to watch this performance because it's so powerful", and Janet Maslin of The New York Times described <mask>'s "fierce, risk-taking performance and flashes of overwhelming honesty". <mask> won New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and Best Actress from the Montreal World Film Festival, as well as an Independent Spirit Award nomination and Sensual Knife fight nomination  Some expressed surprise that she was not nominated for an Academy Award, while Winningham was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Throughout the 1990s, <mask> worked with many independent film directors.She worked with Robert Altman in Short Cuts (1993), playing a phone-sex operator, and Kansas City (1996), as a streetwise kidnapper. <mask> has expressed admiration for Altman and called him her mentor. In a change of pace from her "bad girl" roles, <mask> played the fast-talking reporter Amy Archer in the Coen Brothers' comic homage to 1950s comedy, The Hudsucker Proxy (1994). <mask> took her first lead role as the writer and critic Dorothy Parker in Alan Rudolph's film Mrs. Parker and the Vicious Circle (1994). She received a Golden Globe Award nomination and a National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress, as well as Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress and Fort Lauderdale Film Critics Best Actress Award. In another change of pace, she starred

masks: Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

texts:
 in Agnieszka Holland's version of the Henry James novel Washington Square (1997), as a mousy 19th-century heiress courted by a gold digger. In 1998, she appeared alongside Campbell Scott in the Hallmark Hall of Fame television movie The Love Letter.In David Cronenberg's eXistenZ (1999), she played a virtual-reality game designer who becomes lost in her own creation. 2000–2009
<mask> had a brief role as a doomed gangster's wife in Sam Mendes's Road to Perdition (2002) and co-starred as Meg Ryan's brutally murdered sister in Jane Campion's erotic thriller In the Cut (2003). She went on to play Stevie, the prostitute girlfriend of Christian Bale's character in the dark thriller The Machinist (2004). Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle commented that "As the downtrodden, sexy, trusting, and quietly funny prostitute, <mask> is, of course, in her element". Her performance as a manipulative stage mother in Don McKellar's film Childstar won her a Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in 2005. After many years of wanting to be in a Todd Solondz film, she appeared in Palindromes (2004). She also appeared in the psychological thriller The Jacket (2005), alongside Adrien Brody and Keira Knightley.<mask> appeared in the 2008 ensemble film Synecdoche, New York and has acted in two films written and directed by her then-partner Noah Baumbach: Margot at the Wedding, co-starring Nicole Kidman, and Greenberg. <mask> has said that the roles were not specifically written for her, as Baumbach does not write roles with actors in mind. In 2009, <mask> was cast in the Showtime comedy-drama series Weeds, becoming a regular guest in the eighth season. <mask> has received three separate career tributes: at the Telluride Film Festival in 1993, a special award for her contribution to independent cinema from the Film Society of Lincoln Center in 2002, and a week-long retrospective

masks: Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh Leigh


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

texts:
 of her film work held by the American Cinematheque at Los Angeles's Grauman's Egyptian Theatre in 2001. 2010–present
<mask> joined the drama series Revenge on ABC in 2012. In 2015, <mask> starred in Quentin Tarantino's The Hateful Eight. The film, a Western set in Wyoming after the Civil War, was released on December 25.<mask>, along with the rest of the cast, appeared at the San Diego Comic-Con to promote the film in July 2015. <mask>'s performance has received multiple award nominations at various award ceremonies, including her third Golden Globe nomination for Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture, her first BAFTA Award nomination for Best Actress in a Supporting Role and her first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress. In 2019, she appeared in two episodes of Showtime's last season of The Affair. Stage roles
In 1998, <mask> took on the lead role of Sally Bowles in Sam Mendes's Broadway revival of the musical Cabaret, succeeding Natasha Richardson, who originated the role in Mendes's production. She succeeded Mary-Louise Parker in the lead role in Proof on Broadway in 2001. Her other theatrical appearances include The Glass Menagerie, Man of Destiny, The Shadow Box, Picnic, Sunshine and Abigail's Party. In 2011, she played Bunny in the Broadway revival of House of Blue Leaves in New York City alongside Ben Stiller and Edie Falco.Writing and directing
In 2001, <mask> co-wrote and co-directed The Anniversary Party, an independently produced feature film about a recently reconciled married couple who assemble their friends at their Hollywood Hills house, ostensibly to celebrate their sixth wedding anniversary. As the evening progresses, the party disintegrates into emotional confrontations and bitter arguments as the façade of their happy marriage crumbles. <mask> was inspired by her recent experience filming the low-budget Dogme 95 film The King Is Alive. <mask>


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

texts:
 and co-writer Alan Cumming drew freely from their personal experiences in the writing of the film. <mask> plays an aging actress who makes jokes about her lack of Academy Award nominations and is fearful of losing her bisexual husband (Cumming). The film was shot in 19 days on digital video, and costarred the pair's real-life Hollywood friends, including Kevin Kline, Phoebe Cates, Gwyneth Paltrow, <mask>, John C. Reilly, Parker Posey, and <mask>'s sister Mina Badie. <mask> and Cumming jointly received a citation for Excellence in Filmmaking from the National Board of Review, and were nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best First Feature and Independent Spirit Award for Best First Screenplay.The movie received generally positive reviews. Other work
<mask> filmed a role in Stanley Kubrick's final film Eyes Wide Shut (1999) as a grieving patient of Dr. Bill Harford (Tom Cruise) who declares her love for him after her father's death. Kubrick wanted to reshoot the scenes, but <mask> was unavailable due to scheduling conflicts with eXistenZ; instead, her scenes were cut. <mask> was originally cast as Vincent Gallo's girlfriend in his self-directed film The Brown Bunny, and was apparently prepared to perform oral sex on Gallo as the script required. <mask> subsequently commented that "it just didn't work out" and the role was eventually played by Chloë Sevigny. In 1997, she was featured in Faith No More's music video for "Last Cup of Sorrow". She was selected as one of "America's 10 Most Beautiful Women" by Harper's Bazaar magazine in 1989 and served as a jury member at the 57th Venice International Film Festival in 2000.Personal life
In 1982, <mask>'s father, Vic Morrow, was accidentally killed along with two child actors when a helicopter stunt went wrong during the filming of Twilight Zone: The Movie. <mask> and her sister filed a wrongful death lawsuit against Warner Bros., John

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Leigh
Jennifer Beals
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
Leigh
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Leigh


title: Jennifer Jason Leigh

texts:
 Landis, and Steven Spielberg. They settled out of court a year later and the terms of the settlement have never been made public. <mask> has described herself as shy, introverted, and averse to Hollywood publicity and scandal. Speaking about her roles in smaller, independent films, she said, "I'd much rather be in a movie that people have really strong feelings about than one that makes a hundred million dollars but you can't remember because it's just like all the others." She met independent film writer-director Noah Baumbach in 2001 while starring on Broadway in Proof. The couple married on September 2, 2005.Their son was born on March 17, 2010. <mask> filed for divorce on November 15, 2010, in Los Angeles, citing irreconcilable differences. She sought spousal support as well as primary custody of the couple's son, with visitation for Baumbach. The divorce was finalized in September 2013. Filmography

Film

Television

Stage

References

Further reading

 "Anima Animus: <mask> <mask>'s Bisexual Method in Last Exit to Brooklyn" by Ian Murphy (article in Alphaville journal)

External links

 <mask> <mask> at Internet Off-Broadway Database
 In-depth interview at Museum of Moving Image in 1994
 Article in Alphaville journal

1962 births
Living people
Actresses from Hollywood, Los Angeles
American child actresses
American film actresses
American musical theatre actresses
American people of Austrian-Jewish descent
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
American stage actresses
American television actresses
American women film producers
American women screenwriters
Best Supporting Actress Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Film producers from California
Jewish American actresses
Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute alumni
Screenwriters from California
Volpi Cup winners
Writers from Los Angeles
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
21st-century

masks:
Leigh
Leigh
Jennifer Jason
Leigh
Jennifer Jason
Leigh


title: Mary Katherine Herbert

texts:
<mask> (also known as Maureen) (1 October 1903 – 23 January 1983), code named Claudine, was an agent of the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) organization during World War II in France. The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage, and reconnaissance in countries occupied by the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany. SOE agents allied themselves with resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England. <mask> was the only known female agent of SOE to have a baby while working in France during the war. The father was her organiser (leader), Claude de Baissac. The couple later married. Early life

<mask> was born in Ireland, the daughter of Brigadier General <mask>.She had a university degree in art and spoke French, Spanish, Italian, German, and Arabic. At the outbreak of the war, <mask> was working in the British Embassy in Warsaw. Later she was a civilian translator in the Air Ministry in London. She joined the WAAF at RAF Innsworth on 19 September 1941 as a General Duties and Intelligence Clerk. She was released at her own request from the WAAF so she could join the SOE in March 1942. <mask> was the first WAAF officer to volunteer for the SOE. At 39 years of age, she was older than the average SOE female agent.She was tall and slender with fair hair, very religious, and had the virtue, in the view of SOE, of being inconspicuous. Special Operations Executive

<mask> trained as a courier with the second group of SOE women agents, including Odette Sansom, Jacqueline Nearne and Lise de Baissac. Following her training, she travelled by

masks:
Mary Katherine Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Edmund Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert


title: Mary Katherine Herbert

texts: submarine from England to Gibraltar, and then by felucca, landing on the southern coast of France the night of 31 October 1942. She met with other SOE agents in Cannes and then proceeded onward by train to Bordeaux where she met with de Baissac, the leader of the Scientist network of SOE. Scientist was one of SOE's most promising networks, organizing and arming resistance groups and carrying out intelligence operations in a large area of southwestern France. As a courier <mask> traveled widely by bicycle and train, liaising with the different groups of the French Resistance, carrying messages, documents, money, and wireless parts, acting as a post-office box for the members of the network, and seeking out safe houses and potential recruits. On one occasion when she was struggling to carry a heavy wireless set in a suitcase, a chivalrous German officer carried it for her onto a train.During her travels, <mask> became friends with de Baissac's sister Lise who was an SOE agent in Poitiers. In June 1943, the Germans penetrated the Prosper network in Paris and arrested many SOE agents and hundreds of their French contacts. As Scientist had links with Prosper, the Germans also dismantled Scientist, and the SOE agents, including <mask>, went into hiding. De Baissac requested or was ordered to return to England to avoid arrest and he and his sister, Lise, flew back on a Westland Lysander from a clandestine airfield on the night of 16/17 August. <mask> was pregnant by this time and Roger Landes, the Scientist network's efficient wireless operator, was furious that de Baissac had taken his sister with him to England and

masks: Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert


title: Mary Katherine Herbert

texts:
 left <mask> behind. <mask> had hidden her pregnancy until she learned that de Baissac was not coming back to Bordeaux. She told Landes who ordered her to cease all clandestine activities and installed her in a nursing home in the suburbs of Bordeaux where she had a daughter she named Claudine in early December 1943.With her daughter she left the nursing home and moved into an apartment in Poitiers that Lise de Baissac had rented. Arrest

On 18 February 1944, <mask> was arrested in her apartment in Poitiers. The German Gestapo had found out that Lise de Baissac was an SOE agent and that the apartment had been rented to her. The Germans initially thought that <mask> was de Baissac. The Germans imprisoned <mask>, leaving the baby with her maid. French Social Services put the child in a orphanage. Under interrogation, <mask> kept to her cover story and denied that she knew de Baissac.Her accented French, she said, was because she had lived in Egypt and spoke Arabic. She protested her innocence saying she knew nothing of the woman who had rented the apartment before her, that she had only been there a few weeks, and it was hardly likely that an SOE agent would have just given birth to a baby. In prison, <mask> was put into solitary confinement for 24 hours, but otherwise was not badly treated. The prison was "very clean and the inmates had a bath every Saturday." She was released at Easter and her belongings given back to her, except for a ring. She returned to the prison the next day and the ring was returned to her "with apologies." The hunt for her child was long, but she finally found her in the convent and

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Mary Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert
Herbert


title: Mary Katherine Herbert

texts:
 persuaded the nuns that she had been arrested unfairly and the child was returned to her.Found
<mask> and her daughter, Claudine, moved to a country house near Poitiers. In September 1944, Claude and Lise de Baissac were back in France, now liberated from German control, as part of the Judex mission which aimed to locate lost and captured SOE agents and the French people who had helped them. SOE had lost all contact with <mask>. The de Baissac's traced <mask> from Bordeaux to Poitiers and found her and her daughter living in a farm house. They then returned to England with <mask> and Claudine. De Baissac married <mask> on 11 November 1944, but it was apparently a marriage only of propriety as the couple did not live together. Later life
De Baissac and <mask> were divorced in 1960.<mask> bought a small house in Frant, Sussex and gave French lessons for a living. Her daughter Claudine immigrated to the United States and married an airline pilot. <mask> died with her daughter at her side on 23 January 1983 of pneumonia. Honours and awards

<mask> was awarded the Croix de Guerre by France, but unlike many of her SOE colleagues, received no British award. References

Bibliography
 Liane Jones, A Quiet Courage: Women Agents in the French Resistance, London, Transworld Publishers Ltd, 1990. Marucs Binney, The Women Who Lived for Danger: The Women Agents of SOE in the Second World War, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 2002. 1903 births
1983 deaths
Female wartime spies
Special Operations Executive personnel
Women's Auxiliary Air Force airwomen
Women's Auxiliary Air Force officers
Deaths from pneumonia in England
People

masks: Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert Herbert


title: Carl Laemmle

texts:
<mask> (; born Karl Lämmle; January 17, 1867 – September 24, 1939) was a German-American film producer and the co-founder and, until 1934, owner of Universal Pictures. He produced or worked on over 400 films. Regarded as one of the most important of the early film pioneers, <mask> was born in what is now Germany. He immigrated to the United States in 1884 and worked in Chicago for 20 years before he began buying nickelodeons, eventually expanding into a film distribution service, the Laemmle Film Service, then into production as Independent Moving Pictures Company (IMP), later renamed Universal Film Manufacturing Company, and later still renamed Universal Pictures Company. Life and career
<mask> was born in 1867 to a Jewish family in Laupheim, in the German Kingdom of Württemberg. As a youth, he was an apprentice in Ichenhausen. He followed his older brother and immigrated to the United States in 1884, settling in Chicago, where he married Recha Stern, with whom he had a son, <mask>, Jr. and a daughter, <mask> (later married to Stanley Bergerman).<mask> became a naturalized American citizen in 1889. He worked a variety of jobs, but by 1894 he was the bookkeeper of the Continental Clothing Company in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, where he introduced a bolder advertising style. In 1906, <mask> quit his job and started one of the first motion picture theaters in Chicago, and quickly branched out into film exchange services. He challenged Thomas Edison's monopoly on moving pictures (the Motion Picture Patents Company) under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. As part of his offensive against Edison's company, Laemmle began advertising individual "stars," such as Mary Pickford and Florence Lawrence, thus increasing their individual earning power, and thus their willingness to side with the

masks:
Carl Laemmle
Laemmle
Laemmle
Carl Laemmle
Rosabelle Laemmle Bergerman
Laemmle
Laemmle


title: Carl Laemmle

texts: "Independents." After moving to New York, <mask> got involved in producing movies, forming Independent Moving Pictures (IMP); the city was the site of many new movie-related businesses. On April 30, 1912, in New York, Laemmle brought together Pat Powers of Powers Motion Picture Company, Mark Dintenfass of Champion Film Company, William Swanson of Rex Motion Picture Company, David Horsley of Nestor Film Company, and Charles Baumann and Adam Kessel of the New York Motion Picture Company, to merge their companies with IMP as the Universal Film Manufacturing Company, with <mask> assuming the role of president.They founded the Company with studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where many early film studios in America's first motion picture industry were based at the beginning of the 20th century. On March 15, 1915 Laemmle opened the world's largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 230-acre (0.9-km2) converted farm in the San Fernando Valley, just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Universal maintained two East Coast offices: The first was located at 1600 Broadway, New York City. This building, initially known as The Studebaker building, was razed around 2004 or 2005. The second location to house Universal's executive offices was at 730 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Many years later, 445 Park Avenue was the location of Universal's executive offices. In 1916, Laemmle sponsored the $3,000 three-foot-tall solid silver Universal Trophy for the winner of the annual Universal race at the Uniontown Speedway board track in southwestern Pennsylvania.Universal filmed each race from 1916 to 1922. After moving to California, Laemmle purchased as a residence for his family the former home of film pioneer Thomas Ince on Benedict Canyon Drive, Beverly

masks:
Carl Laemmle
Laemmle


title: Carl Laemmle

texts:
 Hills. The house was razed in the early 1940s. Laemmle also maintained a large apartment for himself and his two children at 465 West End Avenue, New York City, one block off Riverside Drive near the Hudson River. <mask>, although having made hundreds of movies in his active years as a producer (1909–1934), is remembered for The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1923), The Phantom of The Opera (1925), both with Lon Chaney Sr. in the title role, and The Man Who Laughs (1928) and most of the early sound horror films, such as Dracula (1931) and Frankenstein (1931), with his son <mask>. before they were removed from the company he founded by a hostile takeover. He briefly resumed distribution with a partner, Michael Mindlin, specializing in foreign films as CL Imports, in the mid-1930s, but for the most part remained in secluded retirement until his death. <mask> died from cardiovascular disease on September 24, 1939 in Beverly Hills, California, at the age of 72.<mask> was entombed in the Chapel Mausoleum at Home of Peace Cemetery. Legacy and honors
Laemmle remained connected to his home town of Laupheim throughout his life, providing financial support to it and also by sponsoring hundreds of Jews from Laupheim and Württemberg to emigrate from Nazi Germany to the United States in the 1930s, paying both emigration and immigration fees, thus saving them from the Holocaust. To ensure and facilitate their immigration, Laemmle contacted American authorities, members of the House of Representatives and Secretary of State Cordell Hull. He also intervened to try to secure entry for the refugees on board the , who were ultimately sent back from Havana to Europe in 1939, where many were murdered in the Holocaust. Asked how to pronounce his name, he told The Literary Digest, "The name

masks:
Laemmle
Carl Jr
Laemmle
Laemmle


title: Carl Laemmle

texts:
 means little lamb, and is pronounced as if it were spelled 'lem-lee'." His niece, Rebekah <mask>, known professionally as <mask>, appeared in several films until her retirement from acting at the end of the 1930s. His great-nephew, <mask>, is a well-known resident of Darwin, CA, and was featured in the 2011 documentary Darwin: No Services Ahead.His great-grandniece, Antonia <mask>, talks about him at length in her web series Universally Me, about the history of Universal Studios. The poet Ogden Nash observed the following about <mask>'s habit of giving his son and nephews top executive positions in his studios:

"Uncle <mask>le
Has a very large faemmle." Representation in other media
Harold Robbins, a former Universal Studios employee, based a main character in the novel The Dream Merchants (1949) on <mask>le. Laemmle was featured as an historical character in the movie The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones. David Menefee's novel, Sweet Memories (2012), features <mask> as a character. See also
History of the Jews in Laupheim
Laemmle Theatres

References

Further reading

External links

  — Biography sponsored by the Transatlantic Program of the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany
Official Laemmle family website
Universal Studios Archives & Collections
The Jewish Past of Laupheim

Carl Laemmle at Virtual History
 A 9 minute video produced by Universal City Studios from 2013

American film producers
American film studio executives
American film production company founders
Film producers from California
1867 births
1939 deaths
Universal Pictures
Businesspeople from Los Angeles
Burials at Home of Peace Cemetery
German emigrants to the United States
19th-century German Jews
People from Laupheim
People from Beverly Hills, California
Film exhibitors
NBCUniversal

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Isabelle Laemmle
Carla Laemmle
Michael Laemmle
Carlotta
Laemmle
Carl Laemm
Carl Laemm
Carl Laemmle


title: Niverka Marte

texts:
<mask> (born October 19, 1990 in Santo Domingo) is a female volleyball player from the Dominican Republic. She played the 2012 Summer Olympics with the Dominican Republic national team ranking in fifth place. She also played the 2010 and the 2014 World Championship earning the 17th place and the fifth place and the 2011 and the 2015 FIVB World Cup with  her national team ranking in the eight and seventh place. She won the bronze medal in the 2015 Pan American Games. With her Junior national team, she took the silver at the 2009 World Championship. Career
During the 2006 season, she played in La Romana with Aviación and with Mirador at Distrito Nacional Superior Championship, winning her team the league championship. <mask> played for her native country at the 2007 FIVB Girls' U18 Volleyball World Championship in Baja California, Mexico.There her team ended up in 8th place. In 2008, she participated at the NORCECA Women´s Junior Continental Championship U-20 as team captain, winning with her them the silver medal and individually, the "Best Setter" award. Shortly afterwards she claimed the gold medal at the 2008 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup in Mexico, with the senior national team. With the National Junior Team she won the silver medal with the at the 2009 Women's U20 Volleyball World Championship. Playing beach volleyball (three) with Ana Yorkira Binet and Marianne Fersola, she won the gold medal at the 2010 Hato Mayor Beach Volleyball Tournament. As a setter, she helped the National Senior Team playing in Chiapas, Mexico, to win the 2010 Final Four Cup gold medal. Marte returned to Hato Mayor to win the gold medal in the annual Sport Festival in Beach Volleyball (three), this time playing along Altagracia

masks:
Niverka Dharlenis Marte Frica
Niverka


title: Niverka Marte

texts: Mambrú and Ana Yorkira Binet.In 2012, Marte played on Olympic Games, where Dominican Republic qualified to quarter-final. In September 2012, Marte won the gold medal at the first 2012 U23 Pan-American Cup, played in Callao, Peru. Marte was transferred to the Azerbaijani Club Igtisadchi Baku in early November. With this club, she claimed the silver medal of the 2012/13 Azerbaijani Super League. During the 2014 World Championship held in Italy, Marte helped the national team to reach the competition's fifth place starting with 7-2 record, and despite the losing 2-3 to China, her team qualified for the first time to the World Championship third round besides but being unable to reach a semifinal spot after losing their two third round matches 2-3 to China and 0-3 to Brazil. Marte and her national team took part of the 2014 Central American and Caribbean Games. and she helped them to win their fourth consecutive gold medal, being awarded Best Setter of the tournament.<mask> was part of the Dominican Republic delegation to the 2015 Pan American Games, and she won with her national team the bronze medal after losing to the United States in the semifinals and defeated 3-1 the Puerto Rico national team. After leading the setters during the 2015 FIVB World Cup she was awarded tournament's Best Setter while her national team posted a 5-6 record, valid for the seventh place. After the World Cup, she was announced to be transferred to the French club Rocheville Le Cannet taking the role of the main setter for the 2015-16 season. Castillo won the silver medal and the Best Setter award in the NORCECA Championship. In December 2015, <mask> won with her club the French Supercup, defeating RC Cannes 3-2 in the championship

masks: Marte Marte


title: Ted Weems

texts:
Wilfred Theodore Wemyes,  known professionally as <mask> (September 26, 1901 – May 6, 1963), was an American bandleader and musician. <mask>'s work in music was recognized with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Biography
Born in Pitcairn, Pennsylvania, <mask> learned to play the violin and trombone. Young <mask>'s start in music came when he entered a contest, hoping to win a pony. He won a violin instead and his parents arranged for music lessons. He was a graduate of Lincoln School in Pittsburgh. While still in school at Lincoln, <mask> organized a band there, initially providing some instruments himself.His teacher offered young <mask> and his band a penny each if they would play when the alarm sounded for fire drills. <mask> kept the monies of the band and in turn charged each band member a penny for membership. He used the money to purchase better instruments than those the band started out with. When the family moved to Philadelphia, young <mask> entered West Philadelphia High School. He joined the school's band and became its director. He attended the University of Pennsylvania, where he and his brother Art organized a small dance band that became the "All American Band". The brothers sought the most talented college musicians for the group.The All American Band soon started receiving offers to perform in well-known hotels throughout the United States. <mask>, who had originally intended to become a civil engineer, found himself being attracted to a musical career. His band had a contract to play four weeks at a Philadelphia restaurant; the owner was able to keep <mask> and his band there for four months by making <mask> a partner in his business. They were one of the bands that played at the inaugural ball of President Warren Harding. Going professional in 1923, <mask> toured for the MCA Corporation, recording for Victor Records. "Somebody Stole My Gal" became the band's first #1 hit in early 1924. It sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc by the

masks:
Ted Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted
Weems
Ted
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted
Weems


title: Ted Weems

texts: RIAA.<mask> was a Victor band from 1923 through 1933, although the final three sessions were released on Victor's newly created Bluebird label. He then signed with Columbia for two sessions in 1934 and subsequently signed with Decca from 1936. <mask> also co-wrote several popular songs: "The Martins and the McCoys", "Jig Time", "The One-Man Band", "Three Shif'less Skonks", and "Oh, Monah! ", which he co-wrote with band member "Country" Washburn. <mask> moved to Chicago with his band around 1928. The <mask> Weems Orchestra had more chart success in 1929 with the novelty song "Piccolo Pete", which rewarded him with his second Gold Record, and the #1 hit "The Man from the South". The band gained popularity in the 1930s, making regular radio broadcasts.These included Jack Benny's Canada Dry program on CBS and NBC during the early 1930s, and the Fibber McGee & Molly program in the late 1930s. In 1936, the Ted Weems Orchestra gave singer Perry Como his first national exposure; Como recorded with the band (on Decca Records), beginning his long and successful career. Among <mask>'s other discoveries were whistler-singer Elmo Tanner, sax player and singer Red Ingle, Marilyn Maxwell, who left the band for an acting career; and arranger Joe Haymes, who created the band's unique jazz-novelty style. Weems also signed 14-year-old ventriloquist Paul Winchell to a contract, after seeing him with one of the Major Bowes touring companies. The first season of the Beat the Band radio show (1940–1941) included <mask> and his orchestra as part of the cast. In 1940, <mask> and his orchestra were featured on Beat the Band on the NBC-Red radio network. In November 1942, <mask> and his entire band enlisted in the United States Merchant Marine, directing the Merchant Marine Band.Reorganizing his big band in 1945, he made records for Mercury, including the hits "Peg O' My Heart" and "Mickey". However, the biggest hit of <mask>'s career was a reissue on his former Decca label: the Weems Orchestra's 1938 recording

masks:
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted Weems
Weems


title: Ted Weems

texts: of "Heartaches" topped the national charts for 13 weeks. For his August 4, 1933 session, <mask> recorded six tunes, including "Heartaches". Since Victor wanted the recording made quickly, <mask> and his band had time for only one rehearsal session prior to this. <mask> did not like the song at first, and decided to have Elmo Tanner whistle rather than use a vocalist. While rehearsing, someone came up with the idea of trying the song at a faster tempo than it was written for. The fast-tempo recording attracted very little attention after its release.In 1938 Weems recorded a new "rhumba fox trot" version of "Heartaches" for Decca Records. This version again featured Elmo Tanner's whistling, and the tune was played briskly but not at the breakneck tempo of the 1933 version. In 1947 an overnight disc jockey named Kurt Webster, at station WBT in Charlotte, North Carolina, found the 1938 version in a box of old records he had recently received. He played it on the air and the radio station's phones never stopped ringing; the callers wanted to hear the song again. The calls continued, now joined by record stores wanting to know how to order copies of the record. Other radio markets began playing the song, prompting Decca to press new copies. Since the Weems orchestra had also recorded "Heartaches" for Victor, that company decided to re-release its own version of the song.Both labels shared credit on the charts. "Heartaches" topped the Hit Parade on April 19, 1947; nine years after it was recorded. In a 1960 interview, band member Elmo Tanner related that he and <mask> received nothing for the reissue as both men had let their contracts expire while they were in the Merchant Marine. The new-found popularity of the 1938 "Heartaches" came at a time when <mask> was struggling to re-form his band; many former members had other music-related jobs, others were no longer interested in performing. Two of his band members were killed in World War II. <mask> was then able to recruit new band members and

masks: Weems Weems Weems Weems Weems Weems


title: Ted Weems

texts:
 was again being asked to play at the same venues as before the war. <mask> made front-page news in 1947 when he publicly repaid his debt to disc jockey Kurt Webster, who had revived "Heartaches" and thus <mask>'s career.<mask> staged a benefit performance by his band on June 6, with all proceeds going to war veteran Webster. Decca cashed in on <mask>'s new popularity by reissuing another oldie, "I Wonder Who's Kissing Her Now" with vocals by Perry Como, which became another major chart hit. Despite this sudden surfeit of popularity, the hits dried up after 1947. <mask> toured until 1953. At that time he accepted a disc jockey position in Memphis, Tennessee, later moving on to a management position with the Holiday Inn hotel chain. Perry Como played host to his old boss, Elmo Tanner, and three other Weems band members on his Perry Como's Kraft Music Hall show of October 18, 1961. <mask> died of emphysema in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1963.He had been operating a talent agency in Dallas with his son which also served as his band's headquarters. <mask> was in Tulsa with his band for an engagement the day he was taken ill. His son <mask>. led a revival band at times during the 1960s and 1970s. References

External links

Online Guide to Whistling Records: Elmo <mask> <mask> Orchestra

Watch

Listen
 <mask> and his Orchestra on RedHotJazz
audio file of Perry Como with Ted <mask> Orchestra singing "Cabin of Dreams" on the "Fibber McGee & Molly" show on NBC October 11, 1937
Beat the Band April 7, 1940 episode
<mask> Recordings at Internet Archives
 <mask> recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings. 1901 births
1963 deaths
People from Pitcairn, Pennsylvania
American bandleaders
Big band bandleaders
Deaths from emphysema
People from Dallas
Mercury Records artists
Perry Como
Songwriters from Pennsylvania
American conductors (music)
American male conductors (music)
Orchestra leaders
United States Merchant Mariners of World War II
20th-century American musicians
20th-century male

masks:
Ted Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Weems
Ted Weems
Weems
Ted Jr
Tanner Ted
Weems
Ted Weems
Weems
Ted Weems
Ted Weems


title: Procopio Cutò

texts:
<mask>, also known as <mask>, <mask>, or François Procope () was a chef from Sicily. Billing himself as a modern Procopius, he founded in 1686 what has become the oldest extant café in Paris, Café Procope. It became the first literary coffeehouse in Paris. For over 200 years the cafe-restaurant attracted notables in the world of arts, politics, and literature. Biography

Some sources say <mask> was born near Mount Etna in Sicily around the town of Aci Trezza. Other sources say he was born at or near Palermo. A certificate of baptism of 10 February 1651 has been found in the archives of the parish church of  one day after his birth that shows his first name as Francesco and his surname as <mask>, a common surname in Sicily.A third possibility is that he was born near Palermo and lived in Aci Trezza for a period of time. The name <mask> was adopted from the historian Procopius, whose Secret History, the Anekdota, long known of, had been discovered in the Vatican Library and published for the first time ever in 1623: it told the scandals of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I, the empress-consort Theodora, and his court. <mask> received the surname dei Coltelli from the French, who mistook his Sicilian family name, as it is a homophone of French couteaux "knives". Coltelli means "knives" in Italian. Hence, translating back into Italian gives <mask> dei Coltelli, the other name he is known by. "Francesco Procopio" are his forenames; Francesco was his grandfather's name. <mask> married Marguerite Crouïn on 26 February 1675 in the Church of Saint-Sulpice, Paris.The marriage record shows the witnesses as his father Onofrio

masks:
Procopio Cutò
Francesco Procopio Cutò
Francesco Procopio dei Coltelli
Cutò
Cutò
Procopio
Cutò
Francesco Procopio
Cutò


title: Procopio Cutò

texts:
 <mask> and his mother Domenica Semarqua. <mask> and Marguerite had eight children during their long marriage before <mask> became a widower in 1696. Early life

<mask> played in the snow when he was a boy. The snow was mixed with fruit juices and honey to make a type of sorbet. This type of "ice cream" was eaten by both rich aristocrats and by peasants. This is where <mask> got the idea of developing gelato. <mask> is credited with being the inventor of modern gelato.<mask> worked first as a fisherman like his father Onofrio. His grandfather Francesco was also a fisherman from Aci Trezza who built gelatiere machines (ice cream makers) part-time, when he was not fishing. Francesco eventually left his invention to his grandson as an inheritance. <mask> tinkered with his grandfather's "ice cream" machine making various improvements and eventually felt that he had developed a machine that would produce gelato on a large scale and decided to promote the new product. He left Sicily and went to France by way of Italy. Café Procope

Cutò acquired the skills to become a cook, possibly in Palermo on his way to France, arriving in Paris sometime between 1670 and 1674. There he joined the guild of the  () and apprenticed under the leadership of an Armenian immigrant named Pascal who had a kiosk (, ) on rue de Tournon selling refreshments, including lemonade and coffee.Pascal's attempt at such a business in Paris was not successful and he went to London in 1675, leaving the stall to <mask>. <mask> had learned in about 1680 how to make a beverage of ice made of lemonade using salt to lower its temperature and keep cooler longer.

masks: Cutò Procopio Procopio Cutò Procopio Procopio Cutò Cutò Cutò Cutò


title: Procopio Cutò

texts: He had a special royal license from King Louis XIV to sell a melange of refreshments including spices, iced drinks including "frozen waters", barley water, anise flower, orange flower, cinnamon flower, frangipan, and his improved version of the Italian "ice cream" of fruit-based gelatos like lemon and orange. This gave him exclusive rights to these unique sweet and cool products from his kiosk booth at the Foire Saint-Germain. Prior to <mask> arriving in France there had been other cafés (coffee houses) there, although they were called boutiques at the time. Some were referred to as lemonade stands, meaning they sold various cold drinks including lemonade. There had been a café in Marseille in 1644 before Pascal and <mask> that soon became defunct, and a Levantine had opened a coffee house in Paris in 1643, which had also failed.It seems, however, that Pascal was the first to call his establishment a "café" or coffee house where one drinks coffee. Establishments serving coffee were in fact common in Paris at this time, although almost all of them were frequented by foreigners and the lower classes. By selling coffee at the fair, Pascal made coffee-drinking acceptable to the general public. <mask> soon added coffee to his refreshments' list and the kiosk became a café. He introduced the Italian "ice cream" gelato at his café and is one of the first to sell this new European product directly to the public. Prior to then it was reserved for royalty only. <mask>'s café served it in small porcelain bowls that resembled egg cups.He is sometimes referred to as "The Father of Italian gelato". <mask> relocated his kiosk in

masks: Cutò Cutò Cutò Cutò Cutò


title: Procopio Cutò

texts:
 1686 to the rue des Fossés Saint-German. In 1689, as luck would have it, the Comédie-Française opened its doors across the street from his café, and it became a very popular cultural and political gathering place. Notable people who have frequented the café include Maximilien Robespierre, Victor Hugo, Paul Verlaine, Pierre Beaumarchais, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,  Alain-René Lesage, Georges Danton, Jean-Paul Marat, Honoré de Balzac and Denis Diderot. Even Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Paul Jones, Oscar Wilde, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Napoleon Bonaparte and Voltaire visited Procopio's cafe not only for coffee and intellectual conversations, but for gelato. In 1702, he changed his name to François Procope. His café in the 17th century turned France into a coffee drinking society.It is considered the most famous and successful cafe in Paris. To fans of French history Procopio's business is considered "the holy grail of Parisian cafés". Later life
<mask> obtained French citizenship in 1685. He married a second time in 1696 and fathered five more children with Anne Françoise Garnier. He was married a third time at the age of 66, in 1717, to Julie Parmentier and had another son. In 1702, he changed his name to François Procope. His second son Alexandre took over the Café Procope in 1716, but <mask> continued to operate another café during the annual Foire Saint-Germain.Notes

Sources

1651 births
1727 deaths
Businesspeople in coffee
Businesspeople from Palermo
Italian emigrants to France
17th-century French people
Businesspeople from Paris
People with acquired French

masks: Cutò Cutò


title: Ben W. Hooper

texts:
<mask> (October 13, 1870April 18, 1957), was an American politician who served two terms as the 31st governor of Tennessee from 1911 to 1915. Elected as a Fusionist candidate, he was one of just three Republicans to hold the office from the end of Reconstruction to the last quarter of the 20th century. His success was due to divisions in the state Democratic Party over prohibition; he received support from some of the party. During his two terms, <mask> signed several prohibition laws, enacted a measure requiring mandatory school attendance, and signed a law requiring direct pay for women workers. <mask> served as a member of the U.S. Railroad Labor Board (RLB) during the administration of President <mask>. Harding in the early 1920s. As chairman of the RLB, he was a central figure in the 1922 Railroad Shopmen's Strike. He later worked as chief land purchasing agent for the Great Smoky Mountains National Park.Early life
<mask> was born out of wedlock to <mask> in Newport, Tennessee. His father, Lemuel <mask>, was a physician who was engaged to another woman at the time. <mask> and his mother moved to Mossy Creek (modern Jefferson City) and afterwards to Knoxville, where he was placed in the St. John's Orphanage. He was eventually legally adopted by his father, and returned to Newport. Due to the social stigma surrounding his birth, <mask> struggled as a child in Newport. He later wrote that this made him more determined to succeed. He graduated in 1890 from Carson-Newman College in Jefferson City.He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1894. <mask> served two terms in the Tennessee House of Representatives, from 1893 to 1897. During the Spanish–American War, <mask> served as captain of Company C in the 6th U.S. Volunteer

masks:
Ben Walter Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Warren G
Hooper
Sarah Wade
Washington Hooper
Ben
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper


title: Ben W. Hooper

texts:
 Infantry, which was commanded by fellow East Tennessean, Colonel Lawrence Tyson. The unit was stationed in the Arecibo area of northern Puerto Rico for most of the war, and saw little action. From 1906 to 1910, <mask> was assistant U.S. attorney for the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Tennessee. Governor
By 1910, a serious rift had developed in Tennessee's Democratic Party over the issue of prohibition. One faction, led by Edward W. Carmack, wanted to extend the state's Four Mile Law (which banned the sale of liquor within four miles of any school) throughout the state, while the other faction, led by Governor Malcolm R. Patterson, wanted major cities to remain exempt.This rift was exacerbated when a Patterson associate killed Carmack in 1908, and Patterson pardoned the killer in 1910. When Patterson tried to control the party's primary process during the 1910 elections, numerous Democrats abandoned the party to run as independents, and thus became known as the "Independent Democrats." Tennessee's Republican Party was also suffering from internal divisions in 1910, as party bosses <mask>. Brownlow and Newell Sanders were embroiled in a power struggle. The Brownlow faction supported Alfred A. Taylor, brother of former Democratic governor Robert Love Taylor, as the party's nominee, while the Sanders faction supported <mask>. The Sanders faction and the Independent Democrats formed an alliance— later known as the "Fusionists"—and agreed to support each other's candidates. With this support, <mask> was able to win the Republican nomination, while Patterson's allies were defeated in judicial elections that August. Realizing he had little chance of winning, Patterson withdrew from the race a few weeks before

masks:
Hooper
Walter P
Hooper
Hooper


title: Ben W. Hooper

texts: the general election.Democrats quickly nominated Robert Love Taylor in hopes of salvaging party unity. The move proved unsuccessful, however, and <mask> defeated Taylor 133,074 votes to 121,694 to become governor. The 1911 legislative session was tumultuous, as Fusionists controlled the state house, while the remaining Democrats, known as "Regular Democrats," controlled the state senate. Though both chambers struggled with discord and quorum-busting, <mask> obtained passage of laws limiting child labor and requiring that the wages of women be paid directly to them, rather than to any other persons (employers previously had the option of giving women's pay to their husbands). <mask> also enacted a state pure food and drug law, and authorized counties to issue bonds to establish hospitals and to purchase school property. In the 1912 governor's race, state Republicans were divided between supporters of <mask> Taft and Theodore Roosevelt, with the latter's supporters, led by John Chiles Houk, breaking from the party and nominating <mask> for governor on a Progressive ticket. State Democrats also remained divided, with Regular Democrats nominating former governor <mask>, and Independent Democrats supporting <mask> and the Fusion ticket.On election day, <mask> won with 124,641 votes to 116,610 for McMillin, and 4,483 for Poston. During <mask>'s second term, he signed measures that required mandatory school attendance for children between the ages of eight and fourteen, and ordered county school boards to provide for the transportation of pupils. <mask> also established inspections for state banks, implemented a parole system for state convicts, and changed the state's method of execution from hanging to electrocution. Pensions were

masks:
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
William Howard
William Poston
Benton McMillin
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper


title: Ben W. Hooper

texts:
 authorized for veterans and widows of the American Civil War. He also signed the so-called "Jug Bill," which banned the intrastate shipment of liquor, and the "Nuisance Bill,"  which allowed as few as ten citizens to petition for the removal of saloons and gambling houses from a locality. In the 1914 election season, Regular Democrats accepted statewide prohibition as part of the party's platform, ending the party's internal divisions. Lacking the support of the Independent Democrats, <mask> was defeated by Democratic candidate Thomas C. Rye, 137,656 votes to 116,667.Later life

After his gubernatorial tenure ended, <mask> returned to his law practice in Newport, but remained active in  Republican politics. He ran for the U.S. Senate in 1916, but was defeated by Democratic politician Kenneth D. McKellar. In 1921, President <mask>. Harding appointed <mask> to the U.S. Railroad Labor Board (RLB). As chairman of the RLB, <mask> was a central figure in the Railroad Shopmen's Strike which erupted in the summer of 1922 over wage cuts for maintenance workers approved by the RLB. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, <mask> was the chief land purchasing agent for what would become the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which was being developed on the Tennessee and North Carolina border. In 1934, at the age of sixty-four, <mask> once again ran for one of Tennessee's U.S. Senate seats. He won the Republican nomination, but was defeated in the general lection by his 1916 opponent, Senator Kenneth McKellar.<mask> died on April 18, 1957. He is interred at Union Cemetery in Newport, Tennessee. Family and legacy

<mask> married Anna Belle Jones in 1901. They had six children: Anna, <mask>, James, Margaret, Lemuel and Newell. <mask>'s grandson,

masks:
Hooper
Hooper
Warren G
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Ben
Hooper


title: Ben W. Hooper

texts:
 <mask><mask>, II, is a circuit court judge in Cocke County.<ref>"'Tige' <mask>, Son of Tenn. Governor, Dies," Newport Plain Talk, 3 August 2009. Retrieved: 3 December 2012.</ref>

<mask>'s autobiography, The Unwanted Boy, was published posthumously in 1963.In 1946, his book, Elections in Tennessee, was published. <mask>'s home, Elm Hill (built in 1885 by <mask>'s wife's parents), still stands in Newport, and has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Ben W. <mask> Vocational School, which opened in Newport in 1976, is named in his honor. The school is now part of Cocke County High School. In the early 2000s, <mask> was the subject of a story entitled "Who's Your Daddy? ", which circulated via email. The story, though considerably embellished, was based on incidents <mask> recalled in his autobiography.Works
 "Labor, Railroads and the Public," American Bar Association Journal,'' vol. 9, no. 1 (Jan. 1923), pp. 15–18. In JSTOR. See also
 List of governors of Tennessee

Footnotes

External links

 Picture History
 <mask> W. <mask> Collection (Finding Aid), University of Tennessee Knoxville Libraries

1870 births
1957 deaths
Carson–Newman University alumni
Tennessee lawyers
Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
Governors of Tennessee
United States Army officers
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
Baptists from Tennessee
People from Newport, Tennessee
Military personnel from Tennessee
Tennessee Republicans
Deaths from pneumonia in Tennessee
Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Republican Party state governors of the United States
Writers from Tennessee
People from Jefferson City, Tennessee
People from New Market, Tennessee
19th-century American politicians
20th-century American

masks:
Ben W
. Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Hooper
Ben
Hooper


title: Cady Noland

texts:
<mask> (born 1956 in Washington, DC.) is a postmodern conceptual sculptor and an internationally exhibited installation artist, whose work deals with the failed promise of the American Dream and the divide between fame and anonymity, among other themes. Her work has been exhibited in museums and expositions including the Whitney Biennial in 1991 and Documenta 9 in Kassel, Germany. She attended Sarah Lawrence College and is the daughter of the Color Field painter <mask> (1924–2010). Style and themes
Noland's work often explores what she calls "The American Nightmare," or aspects of American culture she considers toxic, such as social climbing, glamour, celebrity, violence, and death. She describes these social constructs as a "game." Noland's work has dealt with themes of restrictions, both physical and mental, often using metal in her work to evoke senses of joining or separating.Noland's central theme in her work retains fear, both personal and cultural. Crashed Car was brought upon by the fact that she was in a car wreck at a very young age. In Plane Crash she emphasizes her fear of flying. The Family and the SLA that kidnapped Hearst is based on her fear of cults. Her newest work has been said to be less aggressive and more friendly to viewers, and more stable and grounded. Noland's work also studies the American social landscape and shows America's social identity to be in fragments. On top of that, she makes sculptures that are prompted by the theme of humiliation that in part lives in the American consciousness.It is all in relation to the institution, containment and mobility, and to the American way of life. Noland's arrangement of objects have casualness that call into question the status of the art object and its artistic position. Like other fellow artists, such as Mike Scott and Laurie Parsons, <mask>

masks:
Cady Noland
Kenneth Noland
Cady


title: Cady Noland

texts:
 Noland's paintings resist interpretation. Appropriated by Noland, the role of the press photograph expanded in a post-war country that was understanding and exporting itself through images. She is known for reframing the photo that she appropriates through the materiality of the image itself. It is then transferred by silkscreen from source to surface. According to Noland, to reproduce the image is to insert it into a category of knowledge and understanding.One that is transformed by way of a continuous return. Exhibition history
Her work has been exhibited in museums and expositions including the Whitney Biennial in 1991 and Documenta 9 in Kassel, Germany. Solo exhibitions of Noland's work have been organized by the Paula Cooper Gallery in New York (1994), Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam (1995), and Wadsworth Atheneum in Hartford, Connecticut (1996). An extensive survey of the artist's work opened in October 2018 at Museum of Modern Art, MMK in Frankfurt, Germany. Noland's major museum exhibitions include: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen,The Netherlands (1995); Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, Hartford, Connecticut (1996); “Strange Abstraction" with Robert Gober, Philip Taaffe, and Christopher Wool, at Touko Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (1991); Documenta 9, Kassel (1992); “MONO: Olivier Mosset, <mask> <mask>,” Migros Museum für Gegenwartskunst, Zurich (1999); “<mask> Noland: The American Dream,” De Hallen Haarlem (2010–11); and “Regarding Warhol: Sixty Artists, Fifty Years,” Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (2012). Exhibitions
The American Dream (2010–2011) was an exhibition of assemblages and silkscreens that showed Noland's practice from 1989 to 1995. This was the date of her last solo presentation in the Netherlands at Rotterdam's Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen.In her work, Not Yet Titled

masks: Cady Noland Cady


title: Cady Noland

texts:
 claimed that Nolan had "disavowed" the work by not approving the extensive restoration of the piece. The artist disavowed her sculpture, following its sale to Mueller, because she believed the work had been restored "beyond recognition." This restoration occurred following a long-term loan to Suermondt-Ludwig-Museum in Aachen, Germany, where the condition of the logs had deteriorated from 10 years of outdoor exposure. A conservator was consulted and hired to complete the restoration in Germany, where all of the decayed wood was replaced with logs obtained from the same Montana source as the original sculpture.The artist, who believes she should have been consulted about this, felt the extensively restored piece was essentially recreated, and therefore, it was now an unauthorized copy of the original, violating her copyright protections as outlined in the Visual Artists Rights Act, a 1990 addition to the US Copyright law. Since the disavowal in 2016, the artist has been involved in complicated legal battles regarding the restoration of Log Cabin and the application of the copyright laws pertaining to the materials used in her sculpture, German vs. US laws, and her rights to copyright as a living contemporary artist. The most recent lawsuit was dismissed in June 2020 by a New York district court judge, who ruled that Noland's rights had not been violated. References

External links
 Frieze Magazine Review of her Paula Cooper Exhibition
 Noland, <mask>, “Towards a Metalanguage of E V I L", Balcon No. 4, 1989

1956 births
Living people
American conceptual artists
Women conceptual artists
Postmodern artists
Sculptors from New York (state)
Sarah Lawrence College alumni
American women sculptors
American installation artists
20th-century American women artists
Artists from Washington, D.C.
21st-century American women


title: Oleg Deripaska

texts:
<mask> (; born 2 January 1968) is a Russian oligarch and industrialist. He is the founder of Basic Element, one of Russia's largest industrial groups, and Volnoe Delo, Russia's largest charitable foundation. Until 2018, he was the president of En+ Group, a Russian energy company, and until 2018 headed United Company Rusal, the second-largest aluminium company in the world. Deripaska enriched himself on previously state-owned assets that were privatized in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union. He has been characterized as a victor in the "aluminium wars" in Russia during the 1990s, which were frequently violent conflicts between businesspeople to obtain state-owned assets. In 2000, <mask> founded Rusal, the result of a partnership between Sibirsky Aluminium and Roman Abramovich's Millhouse Capital. In 2007, Rusal merged with SUAL Group and Glencore International AG to form UC Rusal, with <mask> as chairman.He was once Russia's richest man, but lost a substantial part of his fortune amid the 2007–08 financial crisis. As of November 2021, his wealth was estimated by Forbes at $4.1 billion and the 775th richest person in the world. Deripaska bought himself Cypriot citizenship in 2017. As part of a public relations campaign, he said in April 2021 that Rosstat (Federal State Statistics Service) data showing that there are 17.8 million poor people living below the country's subsistence minimum was wrong, and that the correct number was about 80 million. Education and early career

Early life
<mask> was born in Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, Soviet Russia and grew up in Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai. His parents werefrom Kuban. Deripaska grew up on the family's

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Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska
Deripaska
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title: Oleg Deripaska

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 Group surpassed it in 2015.In 2010, under <mask>'s leadership, Rusal became the first Russian company to be listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Beyond metals, which remain at the core of his diversified industrial holding, Deripaska has acquired stakes in a wide range of companies in various sectors, including energy, manufacturing, commercial vehicles, auto components, financial and insurance services, leasing businesses, construction, aviation, and agriculture. Among his assets are a Siberian power company , that is Russia's biggest private energy company; he ownes 10% of Ingosstrakh, one of Russia's largest insurance companies; GAZ Group, a producer of cars, trucks and buses, founder of agricultural business (Kuban Agro Holding). He established a transport company to run airports in the Krasnodar region, including Sochi and Krasnodar. All these assets form part of the diversified investment and industrial group Basic Element. Basic Element built several Olympic facilities for 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, including the Coastal Olympic Village, Imeretisnkiy sea port, Doubler of Kurortny Avenue in Sochi, renovation of the Sochi International Airport. The total investments account for over $1.4 billion.Later business career

Basic Element
Deripaska is the founder of Basic Element, a diversified investment group established in 1997 which has been managing investments in the following sectors: energy, metals and mining, machinery, financial services, agriculture, construction, and aviation. The major investments under Basic Element management included stakes in United Company RUSAL (the world's largest aluminium and alumina producer), GAZ Group (an automotive


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 company), Aviakor aircraft manufacturer, EuroSibEnergo (ЕвроСибЭнерго (an energy supply company) Glavmosstroy (Главмосстрой) (a construction company) Kuban Agroholding (an agricultural company) and Basel Aero (an aviation business comprising the three largest airports in the Krasnodar territory, and a joint venture with Changi Airports International). Basic Element has been managing Oleg Deripaska's investments into companies in Russia, the CIS countries, Africa, Australia, Asia, Europe and Latin America, which employ as many as 250,000 people. Strikeforce Mining and Resources (SMR) is also controlled by Basic Element. En+ Group

The group was formed in 2006, with <mask> <mask> as president and controlling shareholder. The En+ Group is a diversified mining, metals and energy group. It owns a majority stake in UC Rusal (48.13%) and in EuroSibEnergo.En+ also holds interests in SMR, one of the world's largest ferromolybdenum producers. In 2017, it reported adjusted core earnings of $2.3 billion on revenues totaling $9.8 billion. In November 2017 En+ was listed on the London Stock Exchange. Metals and mining

RUSAL

United Company RUSAL is the world's second largest aluminium company. It was the largest until it was overtaken by China Hongqiao Group in 2015. In 2019, Rusal was overtaken by China's Chalco as the second biggest listed producer of aluminium. As of 2018, UC RUSAL accounts for 5.8% of the world's primary aluminium output and 6.2% of the world's alumina production.The company employs over 62,000 in twenty countries on five continents. In order to ensure a stable supply of alumina to its smelters, several mergers and acquisitions were accomplished by RUSAL under

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title: Oleg Deripaska

texts: Deripaska. At the beginning of the 2000s, RUSAL acquired bauxite mines in Guinea, a country with the world's largest bauxite reserves. Subsequently, RUSAL acquired a stake in an alumina refinery in Australia. At Deripaska's behest, in 2007, RUSAL, SUAL Group, one of the world's top 10 aluminum producers; and Glencore International AG, the Swiss natural resources group, merged their assets to form United Company RUSAL, the world's largest aluminum and alumina producer. After the merger with Glencore, bauxite and alumina assets in Jamaica, Italy and Ireland were added to RUSAL's portfolio. These transactions converted RUSAL from a company with few supplies of the raw material bauxite into a vertically integrated corporation.In parallel, Deripaska invested significantly in the operational improvement of smelters inside Russia. He said, "We consolidated the industry, and located bauxites that do not exist in Russia. We established the company that became the leader of industry in less than twelve years. But to become the number one aluminium producer in the world, we had to improve our operations practice. To apply the best practices in the world, we looked at Toyota, which had utilized a precise, deep and well thought-through process for almost thirty years of operations." <mask> himself has been an active supporter of Japanese production efficiencies made popular by the "Toyota Way." RUSAL smelters have adopted the concept of kaizen, which means continuous improvement and involves training workers in standardized production techniques."It's important to change both the company's mind set and reporting lines", Deripaska said. "Instead of top-down management, you should


title: Oleg Deripaska

texts: understand everything is in the hands of your operator and empower that operator to drive efficiencies and improvements directly on the factory floor." Under Deripaska's leadership, RUSAL constructed and commissioned Khakas aluminium smelter outside of Sayanogorsk in Russian Siberia. The Khakas facility was the first aluminium smelter built in post-Soviet Russia (since 1985). The smelter, with an annual capacity of 300,000 tonnes, is currently one of the most technologically advanced in the world. The company also undertook large-scale modernization projects at a number of its facilities, including the Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk and Irkutsk aluminium smelters. In the middle of the financial crisis, Deripaska returned in 2009 to RUSAL as CEO to lead the company through the debt restructuring process."I worked 16-hour days. We were in default, although none of the parties involved wanted to call it default." As part of contingency measures, Deripaska cut costs at RUSAL by 25% in 2009. By December 2009, Deripaska reached a final agreement with over 70 Russian and international lenders to refinance US$17 billion of debt. In 2017, Rusal issued two Eurobonds to finance its debts. The first one, worth $600 million, was issued in February, followed by the second one in April, worth $500 million. Also in February, plans were announced to sell 10 billion yuan worth of seven-year onshore bonds to finance purchases in China.This made Rusal the first foreign company to offer panda bonds on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The company also agreed on a pre-export finance mechanism with international lenders worth $1.7 billion for debt refinancing. In 2013, <mask> was awarded the "Aluminium


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 issued by Interpol meant that the British would detain him if he travelled to the UK. In late July 2011, the High Court ruled to allow Cherney to give evidence at the trial by video link from Israel, and also set trial for April 2012. Deripaska denied that Cherney was owed any stake in RUSAL, and asserted payments made to Cherney had been for unavoidable "protection" at a time when violence was sweeping the region and posed an existential threat to any profitable business in the country. In an interview with The Telegraph, <mask> said he was one of the few who worked to clean up Russian industry and provided support to law enforcement agencies. However, in this early chaotic period paying protection money to criminal gangs was inescapable, as revealed in court testimony. In September 2012, Cherney terminated his UK lawsuit against Deripaska. Energy

EuroSibEnergo
EuroSibEnergo controls and manages 18 power plants with a combined installed energy capacity of 19.5 GW, including 15 GW provided by hydrogeneration.The company produces approximately 9% of all electricity in Russia and is also the leader in the Siberian energy market, with a market share totaling 41%. Some of EuroSibEnergo's key clients include the largest aluminum plants in Russia. The company owns large fuel resources, which satisfy over 85% of the coal needs of its thermal power and boiler plants. Its coal reserves amount to 1.26 billion tons, with annual coal production exceeding 12 million tons. En+ Group, of which EuroSibEnergo is a subsidiary, is investing in a joint venture with China's largest hydroelectric power generation company China Yangtze Power Co to build new power plants in Siberia,


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 serviced the guests and participants of the Games. In October 2014, Sochi was granted open skies status, meaning that any foreign carrier may pick up and drop off passengers and cargo with no restrictions on aircraft type, frequency, and regardless of interstate agreements. Financial services
Deripaska personally holds 10% of Ingosstrakh's ordinary shares. The company is a leading insurer of complex risks such as insurance for ship owners, ship hull insurance, insurance against aviation and space-related risks, and insurance of transportation companies. Ingosstrakh has 83 branches in Russia and the company's offices operate in 220 Russian towns and cities.Agribusiness
In 2011, <mask> <mask> established Kuban Agroholding, a 75,000-hectare agribusiness in the Krasnodar region. The company integrates two dairy farms, а 16,000 pig capacity breeding complex, three elevators with non-recurrent grain storage capacity of more than 270,000 tonnes, three-seed plants, a sugar factory and the Sunrise horse breeding farm, specializing in the breeding of English thoroughbred horses. It is one of the top-20 largest agribusinesses and top-5 most efficient land users in Russia. Kuban Agroholding is one of the few agrocompanies in Russia involved in embryo transfer technology that allows for the reproduction of high-yielding milk cows out of less productive recipients. The company has gained significant media attention about its corn-seeding program, deploying several dozen corn brands selected by its genetic specialists. Other roles
In 2004, <mask> was appointed by the President of Russia to represent the country in the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Business Advisory Council

masks: Oleg Deripaska Deripaska


title: Oleg Deripaska

texts: (ABAC). He has been Chairman of ABAC Russia since 2007.Deripaska is the vice president of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, chairman of the executive board of the Russian national committee of the International Chamber of Commerce and a member of the Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Council, an agency of the Russian government. He has been a permanent participant at World Economic Forum sessions since 2007, when RUSAL became a WEF strategic partner. In May 2007, Magna International chairman Frank Stronach announced that Deripaska was becoming a strategic partner in Magna. <mask> is also a member of the International Council at Harvard University's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. During the West African Ebola virus epidemic Deripaska personally initiated construction of the Centre for Epidemic and Microbiological Research and Treatment in the Guinean Kindia province. The centre was designed and constructed by RUSAL specialists with the assistance of Rospotrebnadzor scientists (RUSAL has invested $10 million). He sits on the board of trustees of the School of Business Administration, the School of Public Administration, and the School of Economics at Moscow State University as well as the School of Business Administration at St. Petersburg State University.Deripaska is a co-founder of the National Science Support Foundation and the National Medicine Fund. In 1999, he was awarded the Order of Friendship, a state award of the Russian Federation. He was named businessman of the year in 1999, 2006, and 2007 by Vedomosti, a Russian business daily. Deripaska also sits on the board of trustees of the Bolshoi Theatre, and has financed


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 ballet performances like Flames of Paris, La Sylphide, and Paquita as well as operas like The Legend of the Invisible City of Kitezh and the Maiden Fevroniya, Carmen, and Wozzeck. Other activities

Volnoe Delo
In 1998, <mask> established Volnoe Delo, Russia's largest private charitable foundation. The fund supports over 400 initiatives across Russia aimed at developing education and science, preserving spiritual and cultural heritage, and improving standards in public health. Since 1998, <mask> <mask> has invested more than RUB10.6 billion in more than 500 charity programs in 50 regions of Russia.Volnoe Delo has supported research activities in the 2,550-year-old city of Phanagoria since 2004. More than $10 million has been allocated to Phanagoria fieldwork over the past 14 years. Today, Phanagoria is one of the best-equipped archeological expeditions in Russia and has its own scientific and cultural center, cutting-edge equipment and technology for above-ground and underwater excavation as well as a large team of specialists involved in the excavation process. In 2014, Volnoe Delo foundation launched a programme on students' early career guidance and professional training—JuniorSkills. The first, pilot, championship on professional skills, JuniorSkills Hi-Tech, was held in the Urals city of Yekaterinburg in 2014, part of the nationwide championship on cross-industry blue-collar professions in high-tech WorldSkills. In 2020 during the pandemic of COVID-19 Volnoe Delo foundation has already bought new ambulances and sent them to twelve Russian towns in Siberia and the Urals. Other
In February 2014, Deripaska financed the construction of makeshift kennels to house stray

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title: Oleg Deripaska

texts: dogs that had been abandoned by construction workers after completing work on the Sochi Olympic Village.In 2020 during the pandemic Deripaska donated money to construct hospitals in Siberia. <mask>a claimed that Morgan Stanley abused its duties and engaged in unlawful insider trading that resulted in significant financial damage to Veleron, estimated at $15 million to $25 million. A New York jury determined in November 2015 that Morgan Stanley had "acquired inside information and traded on it despite a duty to keep it confidential and not trade on it", finding as well that Morgan Stanley did not have the intent to defraud Veleron. Veleron strongly disagreed with and said it would file an appeal. In July 2006, whilst <mask> was involved in a bid to buy the Daimler Chrysler Group, it was reported that the United States canceled his entry visa; the unnamed official declined to give a reason for the revoking of the visa. The Wall Street Journal reported that it could have been because Deripaska has been accused of having links to organized crime in Russia and cited as their sources two unnamed U.S. law enforcement officials. The New York Times reported on 27 August 2018 that the visa had been revoked on concerns Deripaska might attempt to launder money through real estate transactions.Deripaska had received a multiple-entry visa in 2005; a U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation spokesman refused to comment. Lobbying on his behalf had been done by former Senate Republican leader and 1996 presidential candidate Bob Dole and his law firm, Alston & Bird, Senate records show. Alston & Bird was paid about US$260,000 in 2005 for work on "Department of State visa policies and

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 Spain and England and by the FBI about money laundering, he was never charged with any crimes. On 25 January 2010, the Financial Times published a story titled "Rusal: A lingering heat" exploring Deripaska's business relations with Sergei Popov and Anton Malevsky, alleged heads of Russian organized crime groups. Deripaska has accused Michael Chernoy of using Malevsky and the Izmailovskaya syndicate to extort US$250 million from him as part of a protection racket. However, <mask> has himself been accused of having similar links to Malevsky, who, with his brother Andrei, owned a 10% stake in Deripaska's company. Deripaska denies the claims. In November 2011, Spain's High Court sent the criminal cases against Deripaska to the Russian General Prosecutor's office because the root of the cases is Russian. Terra Services Ltd
Deripaska-linked U.K. company Terra Services Ltd was raided in December 2018.Political relationships

Vladimir Putin
Deripaska is known for his close ties with Russian president Vladimir Putin. Their relationship became visibly strained amidst Deripaska's financial struggles in 2009. In an incident broadcast on Russian television, Putin visited a stalled cement factory owned by Deripaska and berated its management. He forced Deripaska to sign a contract promising to pay nearly $1 million in unpaid wages. Their relationship recovered, however, and Deripaska has been described as "Putin's favorite industrialist". Leaked U.S. diplomatic cables from 2006 described Deripaska as "among the 2–3 oligarchs Putin turns to on a regular basis" and "a more-or-less permanent fixture on Putin's trips abroad". In an interview with The Globe and Mail,  Kinross Gold CEO Tye


title: Oleg Deripaska

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 Burt, who knows Deripaska, said "I believe Russia recognizes Oleg's major role in building a renewed economic base in a broad range of domestic businesses and rejuvenating ailing companies and infrastructure."Nathaniel Rothschild and Peter Mandelson
Deripaska is a friend of Nathaniel Rothschild, a major investor in both Glencore and United Company RUSAL. Together Deripaska and Rothschild hosted George Osborne and Peter Mandelson on Deripaska's yacht in Corfu in the summer of 2008. Osborne was then Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer of the United Kingdom and a friend of Rothschild from school and university. Peter Mandelson has reportedly maintained private contacts over several years with <mask> Deripaska

News of the contacts sparked criticism because, as European Union Trade Commissioner, Mandelson had been responsible for decision to cut aluminium tariffs from 6 to 3%, a decision that had benefited Deripaska's Company RusAl. Mandelson insisted that he had never discussed aluminium tariffs with Deripaska. On 26 October 2008 the Shadow Foreign Secretary William Hague claimed the "whole country" wanted "transparency" about Mandelson's previous meetings with Deripaska. In response, Prime Minister Gordon Brown said Mandelson's dealings with Deripaska had been "found to be above board".Mandelson said that meeting business figures from "across the range" in emerging economies was part of his brief as EU Trade Commissioner. On 29 October 2008, while Mandelson was on a ministerial visit to Moscow, it was alleged in the British press that Valery Pechenkin, the head of security at Deripaska's company Basic Element, organised a swift entry visa for Mandelson when he came to


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 Belarusian escort who claimed to have an intimate history with Deripaska, claimed to have over 16 hours of audio recordings she said could shed light on possible Russian interference in American elections. She offered the recordings to American authorities in exchange for asylum, but was deported and arrested in a Russian airport.Vashukevich said the recordings from August 2016 include Deripaska discussing the United States presidential election with three English-speakers who Vashukevich believed were American. "Deripaska had a plan about elections", Vashukevich said. In court, Vashukevich apologized to Deripaska, and said Russian agents visited her in jail to urge her to cease public statements about him. The New York Times argued that her claims might be easily dismissed were it not for the Navalny video. Deripaska denies an intimate history with Vashukevich. U.S. sanctions

In April 2018, the United States imposed sanctions on <mask> Deripska and 23 other Russian tycoons and officials. The statement of the United States Department of the Treasury said that Deripaska "ha[d] been accused of threatening the lives of business rivals, illegally wiretapping a government official, and taking part in extortion and racketeering".In October 2018, the U.S. Treasury announced it had extended until 12 December a deadline for the full imposition of sanctions against Rusal and its parent company En+ Group, pending the review of the proposals presented by En+ Group to the U.S. government that would see Deripaska reduce his stake in En+ to below 45 per cent from around 70 per cent. In January 2019, the U.S. Treasury lifted the sanctions on companies formerly controlled by


title: Oleg Deripaska

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 Deripaska. Sanctions on Deripaska himself remained in effect. In April 2019, the U.S. Treasury Department nonetheless allowed Deripaska to transfer 10.5 million shares of his holding company En+ Group to a trust fund for his children as part of a divorce settlement with his ex-wife Polina Yumasheva, which had been finalized before the sanctions were put in place. The deal to have U.S. sanctions removed from En+ Group was brokered by Greg Barker, a UK legislator, who in February 2019 went on to be appointed chairman of En+ Group. In March 2019, Deripaska sued the United States, alleging that it had overstepped its legal bounds in imposing sanctions on him and made him the "latest victim" in the U.S. probe into Moscow's alleged election interference. U.S. District Court Judge Amit Mehta dismissed the suit in June 2021, ruling it lacked merit.Personal life

<mask> was married to Polina Yumasheva, the daughter of Boris Yeltsin's top adviser Valentin Yumashev and stepdaughter of Yeltsin's daughter Tatyana. While Yeltsin was president, Deripaska's close ties put him in Yeltsin's inner circle, dubbed "The Family". In 2017 <mask> and Yumasheva had divorced. The Deripaskas have two children: a son, Pyotr (born 2001), and daughter, Maria (born 2003). Deripaska practices yoga, swimming, horseback riding, and hiking. At his home near Moscow, he has seven horses and six dogs. In March 2018, it was reported that Deripaska had successfully purchased Cypriot citizenship in 2017 under Cyprus' "golden visa" that generates billions of revenue for the island nation.According to documents seen by The Guardian, <mask>'s first attempt to become a citizen of a country in the EU was

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 unsuccessful because of a preliminary inquiry into his activities in Belgium. The inquiry was dismissed in 2016. Net worth
In 2008, Forbes estimated his wealth at US$28 billion, making him the then ninth richest man in the world. In 2009, <mask>'s ranking fell to a ranking of No. 164, with Forbes stating: "[H]e may not withstand collapsing markets and heavy debts". In 2010, however, his estimated $10.7 billion fortune allowed him to rise to No. 57 of the World's Billionaires list.According to Forbes magazine, he removed the heads of his two largest companies and personally negotiated with the Russian government, banks, and other creditors to restructure his loan obligations. <mask> himself in 2007 was reported to have consistently said that the estimate of his wealth was exaggerated, that it did not completely account for the amount of debt he incurred, and that he should be ranked far below the top ten on the list of the Russian billionaires. Deripaska's Cypriot registered company Edenfield Investments acquired the Grade II listed Hamstone House in the St George's Hill district of Weybridge, Surrey, in 2001. <mask> has owned the Haft mansion near Embassy Row in Washington, D.C., through a company incorporated in Delaware since 2006. Forbes estimated his fortune at $3.3 billion in 2015, $5.2 billion in 2017, and $3.3 billion in 2019. See also

List of Russian billionaires
Mueller report
Russian oligarchs
Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
Timeline of Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections (July 2016–election day)
Timeline of post-election transition following Russian interference in the 2016 United States


title: Raymond Harry Brown

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<mask>Ray" <mask> (born November 7, 1946) is an American composer, arranger, trumpet player, and jazz educator. He has performed as trumpet player and arranged music for Stan Kenton (early 1970s), Bill Watrous, Bill Berry, Frank Capp – Nat Pierce (Juggernaut Big Band), and the Full Faith and Credit Big Band. Career
<mask> joined Kenton in September 1971, succeeding Gary Lee Pack [b. 1950; Director of Jazz Studies (retired), University of Southern Maine], holding the jazz trumpet chair and serving as an improv clinician. The Kenton trumpet section included Mike Vax, Jay Saunders, and Dennis Noday. <mask> also contributed arrangements for Kenton, including "Mi Burrito" and "Neverbird." <mask> remained with the Kenton Orchestra until November 1972.Before joining the Kenton Orchestra, <mask> had served as arranger and trumpeter with the Studio Band of The United States Army Field Band at Fort Meade, Maryland (1968–71). His tenure with the Army Band and Kenton coincided closely with that of Jay Saunders — trumpet player, and jazz educator, who, while with the Kenton Orchestra, eventually played lead trumpet. <mask> also has performed with Mundell Lowe, Leroy Vinnegar, <mask>, Thad Jones, Jimmy Heath, Steve Gadd, and Billy Hart. <mask> conducted the recording session of the Roy Hargrove Quintet entitled Roy Hargrove with Strings, Moment to Moment, released May 2000 on Verve. He has appeared at the Monterey Jazz

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 Festival frequently as conductor of his wife Susan Cahill <mask>'s Monterey Jazz Festival Chamber Orchestra in collaboration with Charlie Haden, Kenny Barron, Michael Brecker, Ralph Towner, Gary Burton, and Terence Blanchard. <mask> currently leads his own big band, the Great Big Band, which has performed at the Monterey Jazz Festival, the San Jose Jazz Festival, the Santa Cruz Jazz Festival, the  Lake Tahoe Music Festival, and jazz venues in the San Francisco Bay area. Ray is currently on the faculty of Cabrillo College in Aptos, California, teaching jazz improvisation, arranging, and jazz ensembles.Formal education
 1964 — graduated Freeport High School (New York)
 1968 — Bachelor of Music, Ithaca College School of Music (attended 1964-68)
 19?? — Master of Science, C.W. Post Campus of Long Island University
 19?? — arranging lessons from Willie Maiden
 19?? — arranging lessons from Manny Albam
 19?? — arranging lessons from Rayburn Wright (1922–1990)
 19?? — arranging lessons from Hank Levy
 19??— arranging lessons from Glenn Earl <mask> (Ray's father)
 19??-?? — four summers, Lake Shore Music Camp, headed by Ray's father, Glenn Earl <mask>

Early career
 1968-71 — arranger and trumpet player for the Studio Band of The United States Army Field Band, Fort Meade, Maryland
 Sept. 1971 – Nov. 1972 — trumpet player (jazz chair) and improv clinician with the Stan Kenton Orchestra
 1973 — became a member of

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 ASCAP
 1973-74 — trumpet player for Bill Watrous Band in New York
 1973-75 — led own rehearsal band in New York City
 Mar. 1975 — Grant: Jazz, Category I, National Endowment for the Arts (to write a composition for the rehearsal band)
 1974-75 — teacher of improv. in nine New Jersey schools through a grant from the New Jersey State Council on the Arts
 1974-75 — faculty member (teaching arranging, improv, brass), Five Towns College, Merrick, NY
 1974-79 — played trumpet with the New York Orchestra, Thad Jones, Joe Newman, <mask> (bassist), Leroy Vinnegar, Mundell Lowe, Bill Berry (William Richard Berry) Big Band
 1980 — Nat Pierce & Frankie Capp Big Band

Musical family
Ray's wife, <mask>  (b. 1949, New York), is a violinist and teacher of strings – violin, viola, chamber music, and orchestra. She holds a Bachelor of Music from Ithaca College (1971) and a Master of Fine Arts from Sarah Lawrence College (1974), where she studied with Dorothy DeLay. She also did post-grad work at the University of Colorado (1975).Ray and Sue were married on August 26, 1973, and together, they have three daughters, one of whom, Karin, is a violinist and is married to cellist Daniel Levitov. Karin earned degrees in music from Oberlin Conservatory of Music (1998) and Juilliard. Daniel is a member of the preparatory faculty at the Peabody Institute. Ray, born 1946 in Oceanside, New York, grew up in Freeport, New York. He has

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Ray Brown
Sue Brown


title: Raymond Harry Brown

texts: three older brothers, Glenn Edward <mask> (1937–2007), Stephen Charles <mask>, Roger V. <mask> and a younger sister, Jeanne De Martino. Glenn taught music for 28 years. Steve is a jazz guitarist, bassist, drummer, composer, and arranger.For 45 years, Steve was professor of music and director of jazz studies at the Ithaca College School of Music (retired 2008). One of Steve's many life achievements is that he formalized jazz studies in 1968 at Ithaca College School of Music, a long-standing, well-known music institution within a well-known liberal arts college that was founded in 1892 solely as a conservatory of music. Roger, a civil engineer, played bass. He did two tours with Astrud Gilberto. Jeanne, a pre-school teacher, played flute. Glenn, Steve, and Ray all earned music degrees from Ithaca College – Steve: Bachelor of Music (1964) and a Master of Music (1968); Ray: Bachelor of Music (1968). Ray's nephew (Steve's son) –  <mask> – is a jazz bassist, performer, and music educator.Ray's father, Glenn Earl <mask> (1914–1965; 1936 graduate of Ithaca College School of Music), was the District Music Supervisor of Public Schools for Long Beach, New York. He was also director of bands at Long Beach Jr. Sr. High School from 1938 to 1965. As a pioneer in jazz education at the scholastic level, he introduced stage bands to Long Beach public schools in 1939. He also ran a music camp — Lake Shore Music Score — at

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title: Raymond Harry Brown

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 Lake Winnipesaukee, Center Harbor, New Hampshire. <mask> had been, for more than 14 years, a marimba soloist with the Xavier Cugat Orchestra. Ray's mother, <mask> ( Ward) (1916–2002), taught English at Boardman Junior High School in Oceanside for 28 years, where, before retiring from the Oceanside School District in 1982, she served as curriculum coordinator and English department chairwoman. She earned a Bachelor of Music degree from the Ithaca College School of Music in 1935, where she played piano, saxophone, and clarinet.She also held a Masters in English from Hofstra University. Selected compositions/arrangements
Compositions/arrangements for the Stan Kenton Orchestra
 "Call Me Mister" (Kenton Chart Nos. 565 & 1168)
 "Hit and Run" – EP305104 © 1972 V1718P086 (Kenton Chart No. 488)
 "Is There Anything Still There?" – EP304505 © 1972 V1718P086 (Kenton Chart No. 800)
 "Mi Burrito" – EP354892 © 1973 V1718P086 (Kenton Chart No. 975)
 "Neverbird" (Kenton Chart No.564)

Arrangement for the Stan Kenton Orchestra
 "Angel Eyes", Matt Dennis & Tom Adair, arr. <mask>
Other compositions/arrangements
 "Route 81 North" (arrangement)
 "Clyde's Glides"
 "Double Fault Blues"
 "AfterThoughts"
 "The Opener"
 "My Man Willie"
 "Tomas Gatos"
 "Arthur Author"
 "Two Rare T-Bones"
 "Procrastination City" – copyright no. EP354893 © 1973 V1718P086
 "Big D and Me" – copyright no. PA0000398365 © 1988
 "Blues for the two K's" –

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Marie Brown
Ray Brown